bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is increasing urbanicity associated with changes in breastfeeding duration in rural India? An analysis of cross-sectional household data from the Andhra Pradesh children and parents study
Authors: Oakley Laura , Baker Christopher P , Addanki Srivalli , Gupta Vipin , Walia Gagandeep Kaur , Aggarwal Aastha , Bhogadi Santhi , Kulkarni Bharati , Wilson Robin T , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Davey Smith George , Radha Krishna K V , Kinra Sanjay 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate whether village-level urbanicity and lower level socioeconomic factors are associated with breastfeeding practices in transitioning rural communities in India.Setting29 villages in Ranga Reddy district, southern India between 2011 and 2014.Participants7848 children under 6 years identified via a cross-sectional household survey conducted as part of the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study.Outcome measuresTwo key indicators of optimal breastfeeding: termination of exclusive breastfeeding before 6 months and discontinuation of breastfeeding by 24 months. Village urbanicity was classified as low, medium or high according to satellite assessed night-light intensity.ResultsBreastfeeding initiation was almost universal, and approximately two in three children were exclusively breastfed to 6 months and a similar proportion breastfed to 24 months. Using multilevel logistic regression, increasing urbanicity was associated with breastfeeding discontinuation before 24 months (medium urbanicity OR 1.45, 95% CI 0.71 to 2.96; high urbanicity OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.45 to 6.05) but not with early (<6 months) termination of exclusive breastfeeding. Increased maternal education was independently associated with both measures of suboptimal breastfeeding, and higher household socioeconomic position was associated with early termination of exclusive breastfeeding.ConclusionIn this transitional Indian rural community, early stage urbanicity was associated with a shorter duration of breastfeeding. Closer surveillance of changes in breastfeeding practices alongside appropriate intervention strategies are recommended for emerging economies.
Usage of purchased self-tests for HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: results of population-based and serial cross-sectional studies among the general population and sexual risk groups
Authors: Bil Janneke P , Prins Maria , Stolte Ineke G , Dijkshoorn Henriëtte , Heijman Titia , Snijder Marieke B , Davidovich Udi , Zuure Freke R 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThere are limited data on the usage of commercially bought self-tests for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Therefore, we studied HIV/STI self-test usage and its determinants among the general population and sexual risk groups between 2007 and 2015 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.SettingData were collected in four different studies among the general population (S1–2) and sexual risk groups (S3–4).ParticipantsS1–Amsterdam residents participating in representative population-based surveys (2008 and 2012; n=6044) drawn from the municipality register; S2–Participants of a population-based study stratified by ethnicity drawn from the municipality register of Amsterdam (2011–2015; n=17 603); S3–Men having sex with men (MSM) participating in an HIV observational cohort study (2008 and 2013; n=597) and S4–STI clinic clients participating in a cross-sectional survey (2007–2012; n=5655).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence of HIV/STI self-test usage and its determinants.ResultsThe prevalence of HIV/STI self-test usage in the preceding 6–12 months varied between 1% and 2% across studies. Chlamydia self-tests were most commonly used, except among MSM in S3. Chlamydia and syphilis self-test usage increased over time among the representative sample of Amsterdam residents (S1) and chlamydia self-test usage increased over time among STI clinic clients (S4). Self-test usage was associated with African Surinamese or Ghanaian ethnic origin (S2), being woman or MSM (S1 and 4) and having had a higher number of sexual partners (S1–2). Among those in the general population who tested for HIV/STI in the preceding 12 months, 5–9% used a self-test.ConclusionsDespite low HIV/STI self-test usage, we observed increases over time in chlamydia and syphilis self-test usage. Furthermore, self-test usage was higher among high-risk individuals in the general population. It is important to continue monitoring self-test usage and informing the public about the unknown quality of available self-tests in the Netherlands and about the pros and cons of self-testing.
Is the Salut Programme an effective and cost-effective universal health promotion intervention for parents and their children? A register-based retrospective observational study
Authors: Häggström Jenny , Sampaio Filipa , Eurenius Eva , Pulkki-Brännström Anni-Maria , Ivarsson Anneli , Lindkvist Marie , Feldman Inna 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThis study investigates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Salut Programme, a universal health promotion intervention, compared with care-as-usual, over the periods of pregnancy, delivery and the child’s first 2 years of life.MethodWe adopted a register-based retrospective observational design using existing data sources with respect to both exposures and outcomes. Health outcomes and costs were compared between geographical areas that received care-as-usual (non-Salut area) and areas where the programme was implemented (Salut area). We included mothers and their children from both the Salut and non-Salut areas if: (1) the child was born 2002–2004 (premeasure period) or (2) the child was born 2006–2008 (postmeasure period). The effectiveness study adopted two strategies: (1) a matched difference-in-difference analysis using data from all participants and (2) a longitudinal analysis restricted to mothers who had given birth twice, that is, both in the premeasure and postmeasure periods. The economic evaluation was performed from a healthcare and a limited societal perspective. Outcomes were clustered during pregnancy, delivery and birth and the child’s first 2 years.ResultsDifference-in-difference analyses did not yield any significant effect on the outcomes. Longitudinal analyses resulted in significant positive improvement in Apgar scores, reflecting the newborn’s physical condition, with more children having a normal Apgar score (1 min +3%, 5 min +1%). The cost of the programme was international dollar (INT$)308/child. From both costing perspectives, the programme yielded higher effects and lower costs than care-as-usual, being thus cost-saving (probability of around 50%).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the Salut Programme is an effective universal intervention to improve maternal and child health, and it may be good value for money; however, there is large uncertainty around the cost estimates.
Long-term risk of recurrence after discontinuing anticoagulants for a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khan Faizan , Rahman Alvi , Carrier Marc , Kearon Clive , Schulman Sam , Couturaud Francis , Prandoni Paolo , Eichinger Sabine , Becattini Cecilia , Agnelli Giancarlo , Büller Harry R , Brighton Timothy A , Palareti Gualtiero , Pinede Laurent , Sabri Elham , Hutton Brian , Wells George A , Rodger Marc A 
Published: September 2017

IntroductionFor patients with a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE), the optimal duration of anticoagulation is a crucial clinical dilemma which has yet to be resolved. The decision to stop anticoagulant therapy (AT) after the initial 3–6 months or to continue AT indefinitely, is primarily governed by the long-term risk of recurrence when treatment is discontinued. This risk however, is not well established, hindering decision making.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies involving patients diagnosed with a first, symptomatic unprovoked VTE or VTE provoked by minor transient risk factors, who have completed at least 3 months of initial AT; and who were followed-up for standardised time intervals of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 years (±3 months) after stopping AT. We will search (from inception to January 2017) MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane library for randomised controlled trials and prospective observational studies. Two reviewers will conduct all screening and data collection independently. The primary outcome of the rate of recurrent VTE at the standardised time intervals will be calculated for each study from the total number of recurrent events and the corresponding number of patient-years of follow-up. We will use a random-effects model to pool study results and report a weighted estimate of the absolute rate of recurrent VTE (events per 100 patient-years) over standardised time intervals of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 years after discontinuing anticoagulants.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not applicable for this study. Findings from this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publication as well as relevant national and international conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017056309.
Reporting of conflicts of interest in oral presentations at medical conferences: a delegate-based prospective observational study
Authors: Grey Andrew , Avenell Alison , Dalbeth Nicola , Stewart Fiona , Bolland Mark J 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence, location, presentation and consistency of conflict of interest statements in oral presentations at medical conferencesDesignProspective, delegate-based observational studySample201 oral presentations at 5 medical conferences in 2016Main outcome measuresPresence of a conflict of interest statement, its location within the presentation and its duration of display. Concordance between conflict of interest disclosures in oral presentations and written abstracts or meeting speaker informationResultsConflict of interest statements were present in 143/201 (71%) presentations (range for conferences 26%–100%). 118 of the 141 evaluable statements (84%) were reported on a specific slide. Slides containing conflict of interest statements were displayed for a median (IQR) 2 s (1–5), range for conferences 1.25–7.5 s. Duration of display was shorter when the slide contained only the conflict of interest statement, 2 s (1–3.5), than when it contained other information, 8 s (3–17), but was not affected by type of presentation or whether a conflict of interest was disclosed. When a conflict of interest was disclosed, 27/84 (32%) presenters discussed an aspect of it. Discordance between the presence of a conflict of interest disclosure in the oral presentation and written formats occurred for 22% of presentations.ConclusionIn oral presentations at the medical conferences we assessed, conflict of interest statements were often missing, displayed too briefly to be read and understood, or not discussed/explained by the presenter. They were sometimes discordant with statements in the corresponding written formats. Conference delegates’ ability to assess the objectivity and quality of the information in oral presentations may therefore have been diminished.
Frequency and nature of coroners’ recommendations from injury-related deaths among nursing home residents: a retrospective national cross-sectional study
Authors: Bugeja Lyndal , Woolford Marta H , Willoughby Melissa , Ranson David , Ibrahim Joseph E 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundCoroners are tasked with the investigation of unnatural and unexpected deaths. In Australia, the coroner’s role also includes making recommendations for promoting interventions to improve public safety. However, the coroners’ role in public health and safety in the aged care setting is an underexplored area of research.ObjectivesTo describe the frequency and nature of coroners’ recommendations for prevention of harm from injury-related deaths among nursing home residents in Australia.SettingAccredited nursing homes in Australia.SubjectsNursing home residents whose deaths resulted from external causes occurring between 1 July 2000 and 31 December 2013 and notified to a coroner.MeasurementsCoroners’ recommendations were identified and extracted from the National Coronial Information System. Descriptive statistical techniques were used to calculate the frequency and proportion of recommendations made. The nature of recommendations was quantified using a method comprising seven elements derived from internationally accepted and applied public health conceptual models of mortality causation and prevention.ResultsCoroners made recommendations about the prevention of harm in 53 of the 3289 (1.6%) external cause deaths of nursing home residents. Recommendations were most frequently made for deaths resulting from falls; however, the rate of recommendations per 1000 deaths was highest for thermal mechanisms and complications of clinical care. Most recommendations described the ‘countermeasure’ element, but rarely specified a timeframe for implementation.ConclusionCoroners’ recommendations need to be further enhanced in the age care setting. The development of national and international guidelines on best practice in the formulation of effective recommendations should be undertaken.
Health and well-being management in the military: a systematic review of genetic studies
Authors: Parnell Nathan , Rye K , Greenberg N 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundGenetic research may have therapeutic value for mental and physical disorders and could have an indicative or preventative capacity. Little is known about the extent, form and utility of military-specific genetic research.MethodA systematic review was conducted to evaluate existing genetic well-being studies of service personnel. The review specifically aimed to ascertain the current state of knowledge and feasibility of using genetics to aid recruitment and health management within military populations. Databases searched included MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science for relevant studies. Papers were rated using a genetics-specific quality assessment framework.ResultsTen papers were included within the final review, with seven mental-health-focused and three physical-health-focused genetic studies found within military populations. Eight papers considered candidate genes, one gene expression and one study was an outline of a future study of significant interest. Genetic commonalties were derived to yield shared physiological pathways. The 10 reviewed papers revealed moderate quality based on quality assessment.ConclusionsCurrent genetic research within military populations is limited. Further studies on genetics, cost effectiveness, ethics and continual monitoring need to be explored before considering any movement toward clinical translation.
Intracardiac light catheter for rapid scanning transmural absorbance spectroscopy of perfused myocardium: measurement of myoglobin oxygenation and mitochondria redox state
Authors: Femnou Armel N. , Kuzmiak-Glancy Sarah , Covian Raul , Giles Abigail V. , Kay Matthew W. , Balaban Robert S. 
Published: September 2017

Absorbance spectroscopy of intrinsic cardiac chromophores provides nondestructive assessment of cytosolic oxygenation and mitochondria redox state. Isolated perfused heart spectroscopy is usually conducted by collecting reflected light from the heart surface, which represents a combination of surface scattering events and light that traversed portions of the myocardium. Reflectance spectroscopy with complex surface scattering effects in the beating heart leads to difficulty in quantitating chromophore absorbance. In this study, surface scattering was minimized and transmural path length optimized by placing a light source within the left ventricular chamber while monitoring transmurally transmitted light at the epicardial surface. The custom-designed intrachamber light catheter was a flexible coaxial cable (2.42-Fr) terminated with an encapsulated side-firing LED of 1.8 × 0.8 mm, altogether similar in size to a Millar pressure catheter. The LED catheter had minimal impact on aortic flow and heart rate in Langendorff perfusion and did not impact stability of the left ventricule of the working heart. Changes in transmural absorbance spectra were deconvoluted using a library of chromophore reference spectra to quantify the relative contribution of specific chromophores to the changes in measured absorbance. This broad-band spectral deconvolution approach eliminated errors that may result from simple dual-wavelength absorbance intensity. The myoglobin oxygenation level was only 82.2 ± 3.0%, whereas cytochrome c and cytochrome a + a3were 13.3 ± 1.4% and 12.6 ± 2.2% reduced, respectively, in the Langendorff-perfused heart. The intracardiac illumination strategy permits transmural optical absorbance spectroscopy in perfused hearts, which provides a noninvasive real-time monitor of cytosolic oxygenation and mitochondria redox state.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, a novel nondestructive real-time approach for monitoring intrinsic indicators of cardiac metabolism and oxygenation is described using a catheter-based transillumination of the left ventricular free wall together with complete spectral analysis of transmitted light. This approach is a significant improvement in the quality of cardiac optical absorbance spectroscopic metabolic analyses.
Mediating Effect of Postsurgical Chemotherapy on Presence of Dementia and Survival among Patients 65 and Older with Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: Chen Yingjia , Cress Rosemary D. , Stewart Susan L. , Semrad Thomas J. , Harvey Danielle , Tencredi Daniel J. , Beckett Laurel 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Both colon cancer and dementia are prevalent among the elderly and have a high risk of cooccurrence. Previous studies found that patients with dementia were treated less aggressively. In this study, we hypothesized that presence of preexisting dementia was associated with worse survival for stage III colon cancer patients, and that postoperative chemotherapy was on the causal pathway.
Methods: We defined preexisting dementia in Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Medicare data through either a formal diagnosis or a prescription for dementia drugs or both before the diagnosis of cancer. We applied multivariable Cox regression to estimate the effect of preexisting dementia on survival, adjusting for demographic factors, tumor characteristics, and receipt of chemotherapy. We assessed mediating effects in the context of the counterfactual framework using the accelerated failure time model.
Results: There were 4,573 patients diagnosed with stage III colon cancer between 2007 and 2009 identified. A preexisting diagnosis of dementia significantly increased the risk of death by 45% (HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.29–1.63). Patients with either a formal diagnosis of dementia or a related prescription had significantly lower cause-specific survival than their cognitively healthy counterparts. Receipt of chemotherapy was a significant mediator on the causal pathway. The effect of presence of dementia was mediated by receipt of chemotherapy by 13% for preexisting dementia.
Conclusions: Preexisting dementia is significantly associated with worse survival for stage III colon cancer patients, and its deleterious effect is partially explained by decreased likelihood of postoperative chemotherapy receipt.
Impact: This is the first study that provides estimate of the mediating effect of diminished chemotherapy in patients with stage III colon cancer and dementia, simultaneously demonstrating the cancer-specific survival benefit of chemotherapy in the presence of dementia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(10); 1558–63. ©2017 AACR.
Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Kabat Geoffrey C. , Kim Mimi Y. , Lee Jennifer S. , Ho Gloria Y. , Going Scott B. , Beebe-Dimmer Jennifer , Manson JoAnn E. , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Rohan Thomas E. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background: Obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have both been linked to increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer; however, their relative contributions are poorly understood.
Methods: We examined the association of metabolic phenotypes of obesity defined by presence of the MetS (yes and no) and body mass index (BMI; normal, overweight, obese) with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in a prospective analysis of a cohort of postmenopausal women (n ∼ 21,000) with baseline measurements of blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, waist circumference, and BMI. Women were classified into 6 metabolic obesity phenotypes according to their BMI (18.5–&lt;25.0, 25.0–&lt;30.0, ≥30.0 kg/m2) and presence of the MetS (≥3 of the following: waist circumference ≥88 cm, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, HDL-C &lt;50 mg/dL, glucose ≥100 mg/dL, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg or treatment for hypertension). HRs for incident breast cancer and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results: Over 15 years of follow-up, 1,176 cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed. Obesity, regardless of metabolic health, was associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Being obese and metabolically unhealthy was associated with the highest risk: HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.33–1.96. These associations were stronger in women who had never used hormone therapy.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that both obesity and metabolic dysregulation are associated with breast cancer risk.
Impact: Beyond BMI, metabolic health should be considered a clinically relevant and modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(12); 1730–5. ©2017 AACR.
Childhood Socioeconomic Position and Pubertal Onset in a Cohort of Multiethnic Girls: Implications for Breast Cancer
Authors: Hiatt Robert A. , Stewart Susan L. , Hoeft Kristin S. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Windham Gayle C. , Biro Frank M. , Pinney Susan M. , Wolff Mary S. , Teitelbaum Susan L. , Braithwaite Dejana 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background: Higher socioeconomic position (SEP) has been associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Its relationship with earlier age of pubertal onset, a risk factor for breast cancer, is less clear.
Methods: We studied the relationship of SEP to pubertal onset in a multiethnic cohort of 1,237 girls ages 6 to 8 years at baseline. Girls in three U.S. cities were followed for 5 to 8 years with annual clinical examinations from 2004 to 2012. SEP measures were examined for associations with pubertal onset, assessed by breast budding (thelarche) and pubic hair development (adrenarche). Analyses were conducted with accelerated failure time models using a Weibull distribution, with left, right, and interval censoring.
Results: Higher body mass index percentage at entry to the study and black or Hispanic race/ethnicity were the strongest predictors of age at pubertal onset. An SEP index comprising household family income, mother's education, and home ownership was an independent predictor of thelarche in adjusted models for all girls together and for white and Latina, separately, but not black girls, and the relationship varied by study site. The SEP index was not related to adrenarche in adjusted models. Overall, girls from the lowest quintile of SEP entered puberty on average 6% earlier than girls from the highest quintile (time ratio = 0.94; 95% confidence interval 0.91–0.97) in adjusted models.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that early-life SEP may influence the timing of pubertal development.
Impact: Factors related to lower SEP in childhood can adversely affect early development in ways that may increase the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(12); 1714–21. ©2017 AACR.