bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Government Intervention in IPO—Evidence on the Exemption from IPO Regulatory Requirements in China
Authors: Li Wei , Li Yajing , Zhu Hongquan 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
This study examines whether and how the Chinese central government's intervention in the IPO process, in terms of the State Council's granting the discretionary exemption to help IPO firms circumvent its own regulation on the three-year operation requirement, is related to the quality of IPO firms and investor protection. The results show that the State Council grants the exemption to IPO firms with relatively better operating performance in both the pre-IPO and the post-IPO periods. Although the financial information of exempt IPO firms for the pre-IPO period is pro forma, investors do not show more concern. As a result, they do not react more negatively to these firms than to the regular IPO firms on the IPO day. Moreover, the stock of exempt IPO firms outperforms that of regular IPO firms in both the short term and the long term after the IPO. Overall, the results indicate that the central government can sometimes act as a helping hand, which produces positive impacts on resource allocations.
Epidemiology of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis in cats hospitalized in a veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Babyak Jonathan M. , Sharp Claire R. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis in cats hospitalized in a veterinary teaching hospital.
DESIGN Observational study.
ANIMALS 246 client-owned cats.
PROCEDURES During a 3-month period, daily treatment records were evaluated for all hospitalized cats. Information extracted included signalment, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, diagnostic test results, diagnosis, duration of hospitalization, and outcome (survival or death). Cats were classified into 1 of 4 disease categories (sepsis [confirmed infection and SIRS], infection [confirmed infection without SIRS], noninfectious SIRS [SIRS without a confirmed infection], and no SIRS [no SIRS or infection]).
RESULTS Of the 246 cats, 26 and 3 were hospitalized 2 and 3 times, respectively; thus, 275 hospitalizations were evaluated. When SIRS was defined as the presence of ≥ 2 of 4 SIRS criteria, 17 cats had sepsis, 16 had infections, 81 had noninfectious SIRS, and 161 were classified in the no SIRS category at hospital admission. The prevalence of sepsis at hospital admission was 6.2 cases/100 admissions. Four cats developed sepsis while hospitalized, resulting in a sepsis incidence rate of 1.5 cases/100 hospital admissions. Four of 17 cats with sepsis at hospital admission and 3 of 4 cats that developed sepsis while hospitalized died or were euthanized, resulting in a mortality rate of 33.3% for septic cats; 239 hospitalizations resulted in survival, 28 resulted in euthanasia, and 8 resulted in death.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that many hospitalized cats have evidence of SIRS and some have sepsis. In cats, sepsis is an important clinical entity with a high mortality rate.
Impact of collaborative care on survival time for dogs with congestive heart failure and revenue for attending primary care veterinarians
Authors: Lefbom Bonnie K. , Peckens Neal K. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of in-person collaborative care by primary care veterinarians (pcDVMs) and board-certified veterinary cardiologists (BCVCs) on survival time of dogs after onset of congestive heart failure (CHF) and on associated revenue for the attending pcDVMs.
DESIGN Retrospective cohort study.
ANIMALS 26 small-breed dogs treated for naturally occurring CHF secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease at a multilocation primary care veterinary hospital between 2008 and 2013.
PROCEDURES Electronic medical records were reviewed to identify dogs with confirmed CHF secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease and collect information on patient care, survival time, and pcDVM revenue. Data were compared between dogs that received collaborative care from the pcDVM and a BCVC and dogs that received care from the pcDVM alone.
RESULTS Dogs that received collaborative care had a longer median survival time (254 days) than did dogs that received care from the pcDVM alone (146 days). A significant positive correlation was identified between pcDVM revenue and survival time for dogs that received collaborative care (ie, the longer the dog survived, the greater the pcDVM revenue generated from caring for that patient).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that collaborative care provided to small-breed dogs with CHF by a BCVC and pcDVM could result in survival benefits for affected dogs and increased revenue for pcDVMs, compared with care provided by a pcDVM alone.
Subchannel analysis and correlation of the Rod Bundle Heat Transfer (RBHT) steam cooling experimental data
Authors: Riley M. P. , Mohanta L. , Miller D. J. , Cheung F. B. , Bajorek S. M. , Tien K. , Hoxie C. L. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A subchannel analysis of the steam cooling data obtained in the Rod Bundle Heat Transfer (RBHT) test facility has been performed in this study to capture the effect of spacer grids on heat transfer. The RBHT test facility has a 7 × 7 rod bundle with heater rods and with seven spacer grids equally spaced along the length of the rods. A method based on the concept of momentum and heat transport analogy has been developed for calculating the subchannel bulk mean temperature from the measured steam temperatures. Over the range of inlet Reynolds number, the local Nusselt number was found to exhibit a minimum value between the upstream and downstream spacer grids. The presence of a spacer grid not only affects the local Nusselt number downstream of the grid but also affects the local Nusselt number upstream of the next grid. A new correlation capturing the effect of Reynolds number on the local flow restructuring downstream as well as upstream of the spacer grids was proposed for the minimum Nusselt number. In addition, a new enhancement factor accounting for the effects of the upstream as well as downstream spacer grids was developed from the RBHT data. The new enhancement factor was found to compare well with the data from the ACHILLLES test facility.
Reflood experiments in rod bundles with flow blockages due to clad ballooning
Authors: Moon S. K. , Kim J. , Kim K. , Kim B. J. , Park J. K. , Youn Y. J. , Choi H. S. , Song C. H. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Clad ballooning and the resulting partial flow blockage are one of the major thermal-hydraulic concerns associated with the coolability of partially blocked cores during a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). Several in-pile tests have shown that fuel relocation causes a local power accumulation and a high thermal coupling between the clad and fuel debris in the ballooned regions. However, previous experiments in the 1980s did not take into account the fuel relocation phenomena and resulting local power increase in the ballooned regions. The present paper presents the results of systematic investigations on the coolability of rod bundles with flow blockages. The experiments were mainly performed in 5 × 5 rod bundles, 2 × 2 rod bundles and other test facilities. The experiments include a reflood heat transfer, single-phase convective heat transfer, flow redistributions phenomena, and droplet break-up behavior. The effects of the fuel relocation and resulting local power increase were investigated using a 5 × 5 rod bundle. The fuel relocation phenomena increase the peak cladding temperature.
Lung cancer inhibitory activity of dietary berries and berry polyphenolics
Authors: Aqil Farrukh , Jeyabalan Jeyaprakash , Kausar Hina , Munagala Radha , Singh Inder Pal , Gupta Ramesh 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND: Blueberry (BB) and black raspberry (BRB) have been shown to be chemopreventive against estrogen-mediated breast cancer in pre-clinical studies. However, therapeutic efficacy of these berries against lung cancer is not known. METHODS: In this study we investigated i) relative efficacy of individual anthocyanidins vs. respective anthocyanins, ii) relative antiproliferative activity of mixture of anthocyanidins compared to individual anthocyanidins, iii) antitumor activity of dietary BB, iv) Tumor inhibitory activity of diet supplemented with BB, alone and in combination with BRB, against lung tumor xenograft using nude mice, and finally, v) the efficacy of select polyphenolics present in BB and BRB against lung tumor xenograft. RESULTS: Our findings indicated that individual anthocyanidins (aglycones) were significantly more potent (2-3 fold lower IC50) in inhibiting the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell growth vs. respective anthocyanins (glycones). Further, anthocyanidins mixture at equimolar concentrations exhibited synergistic antiproliferative activity vs. individual anthocyanidins. When tested against NSCLC (A549 and H1299) cells in nude mice, dietary BB (7.5%, w/w) showed >40% reduction in tumor volume against H1299 xenografts. The maximal growth inhibition occurred with 5% BB dose, with no additional protection occurring at a higher dose (7.5%). However, somewhat lower protection was found when the BB diet initiated prior to tumor cell inoculation. The mixture of BB (5%, w/w) and BRB (2.5%) resulted in higher inhibition of tumor growth vs. BB alone (71% vs 42%). Likewise, a combination of delphinidin (bioactive of BB) and punicalagins (a bioactive of BRB, which gets converted to ellagic acid in vivo) showed higher tumor growth inhibition compared to delphinidin. CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic effects of the berries and berry polyphenolics observed against lung cancer in this study are highly encouraging. Further investigation into the mechanism of action of the combinations of the berry bioactives will be valuable for clinical use of this potent natural product against lung cancer.
Black raspberries in cancer clinical trials: Past, present and future
Authors: Kresty Laura A. , Mallery Susan R. , Stoner Gary D. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND: Black raspberries (BRB) inhibit a broad range of cancers in preclinical models, including in vivo models of oral, esophageal, colon, breast and skin cancer. Promising preclinical results have led to clinical evaluations in cancer patients or patients at increased risk for cancer development. OBJECTIVE: To summarize clinical investigations targeting cancer or precancerous lesions with BRB and discuss future directions. METHODS: A thorough literature search was conducted through December 1, 2015 to identify all published studies evaluating BRB in cancer focused clinical trials. RESULTS: Research investigating BRB in clinical settings report positive effects on preneoplastic lesions or cancers of the oral cavity, esophagus and colon. BRB treatment resulted in: histologic regression of oral intraepithelial neoplasia associated with improved histologic grade and significantly reduced loss of heterozygosity at tumor suppressor gene loci, modulated genes linked to RNA processing and growth factor recycling; in the colon, BRB inhibited FAP-associated polyp progression, demethylated tumor suppressor genes and improved plasma cytokine profiles; in Barrett’s patients, BRB consumption increased tissue levels of GST-pi and decreased 8-isoprostane, a marker of lipid peroxidation/oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: The precise dose, duration and optimum mode of BRB delivery for cancer inhibition remains to be fully elucidated. Common themes across studies support that BRB are anti-proliferative, anti- inflammatory, reduce oxidative stress and restore tumor suppressive activity. Future directions are included in the conclusions section.
Wild blueberries attenuate risk factors of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Klimis-Zacas Dorothy , Vendrame Stefano , Kristo Aleksandra S. 
Published: June 2016

The ability of a wild blueberry-enriched diet to improve risk factors related to Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) such as endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation in the Obese Zucker Rat (OZR), a model of the MetS, was studied. Obese Zucker Rats (OZRs) and their lean controls (LZR) were placed either on a Wild Blueberry-enriched (WB) or a control (C) diet for 8 weeks. Obese Zucker rats exhibited reduced vasoconstrictor response to phenylephrine (Phe) and exaggerated vasorelaxant response to acetylcholine (Ach). WB diet partially restored Phe-induced constrictor responses and attenuated Ach-induced relaxant responses in OZR. Plasma nitric oxide (NO) was significantly attenuated and aortic effluent prostaglandin I2 PGI2 concentration significantly increased in the WB diet. Downregulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the OZR aorta was observed in the WB diet. WB consumption decreased plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α (–25.6%, P < 0.05), interleukin (IL)-6 (–14.9%, P < 0.05), C-reactive protein (CRP) (–13.1%, P < 0.05) and increased adiponectin concentration (+21.8%, P < 0.05). Expression of IL-6, TNF- α and nuclear factor (NF)-kB was downregulated in both the liver (–65%, –59% and –25%, respectively) and the abdominal adipose tissue (–64%, –52% and –65%), while CRP expression was downregulated only in the liver (–25%). Thus, WB consumption improved endothelial function and exerted an anti-inflammatory effect in the OZR.
Occupancy and overlap in trait space along a successional gradient in Mediterranean old fields
Authors: Loranger Jessy , Blonder Benjamin , Garnier Éric , Shipley Bill , Vile Denis , Violle Cyrille 
Published: June 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Secondary succession is a worldwide phenomenon affecting plant communities. Studying functional variation during succession aids in understanding the mechanisms through which environmental shifts drive succession. We investigated changes in the functional space occupied by herbaceous communities during succession. Furthermore, since different traits are differently affected by environmental conditions, we asked how considering different sets of plant traits impacts those changes.METHODS:Using a chronosequence of Mediterranean old fields (2–42 yr after abandonment), we analyzed shifts of the occupied functional space during succession, how the volume of occupied functional space varies compared with null expectations, and the functional overlap between communities of different successional status. We repeated these analyses considering (1) the leaf–height–seed functional dimensions separately and together and (2) different sets of traits representing those dimensions.KEY RESULTS:From early to late succession, a shift toward nutrient conservative‐light competitive species occurred. Functional strategies of mid‐successional communities appeared more diverse than expected by chance and less diverse than expected for early and late communities. Early and middle stages overlapped the most. These patterns were generally robust to the choice of functional axes, though important trait‐specific exceptions occurred.CONCLUSIONS:We showed evidence for a well‐defined history of successive dominance of different assembly mechanisms along succession, resulting in a generally stronger functional diversification in mid‐succession. We also demonstrated that different traits typically grouped under one functional dimension can substantially affect the results, discouraging the use of surrogate traits from the same dimension.
Bidirectional anatomical effects in a mistletoe–host relationship: Psittacanthus schiedeanus mistletoe and its hosts Liquidambar styraciflua and Quercus germana
Authors: Cocoletzi Eliezer , Angeles Guillermo , Ceccantini Gregório , Patrón Araceli , Ornelas Juan Francisco 
Published: June 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:During the interactions between a parasitic plant and its host, the parasite affects its host morphologically, anatomically, and physiologically, yet there has been little focus on the effect of hosts on the parasite. Here, the functional interactions between the hemiparasitic mistletoe Psittacanthus schiedeanus and its hosts Liquidambar styraciflua and Quercus germana were interpreted based on the anatomical features of the vascular tissues.METHODS:Using standard techniques for light and transmission electron microscopy, we studied the effects of P. schiedeanus on the phloem anatomy of Liquidambar styraciflua and Quercus germana and vice versa.KEY RESULTS:The phloem of P. schiedeanus has larger sieve elements, companion cells, and sieve plate areas when it is parasitizing L. styraciflua than Q. germana; however, the parasite produces systemic effects on the phloem of its hosts, reducing the size of phloem in L. styraciflua but increasing it in Q. germana. Those seem to be the bidirectional effects. No direct connections between the secondary phloem of the parasite and that of its hosts were observed. Parenchymatic cells of L. styraciflua in contact with connective parenchyma cells of the parasite develop half‐plasmodesmata, while those of Q. germana do not.CONCLUSIONS:The bidirectional effects between the parasite and its hosts comprise modifications in secondary phloem that are potentially affected by the phenology of its hosts, a combination of hormonal agents such as auxins, and the symplasmic or apoplasmic pathway for solutes import.
SUBMILLIMETER POLARIZATION SPECTRUM IN THE VELA C MOLECULAR CLOUD
Authors: Gandilo Natalie N. , Ade Peter A. R. , Angilè Francesco E. , Ashton Peter , Benton Steven J. , Devlin Mark J. , Dober Bradley , Fissel Laura M. , Fukui Yasuo , Galitzki Nicholas , Klein Jeffrey , Korotkov Andrei L. , Li Zhi-Yun , Martin Peter G. , Matthews Tristan G. , Moncelsi Lorenzo , Nakamura Fumitaka , Netterfield Calvin B. , Novak Giles , Pascale Enzo , Poidevin Frédérick , Santos Fabio P. , Savini Giorgio , Scott Douglas , Shariff Jamil A. , Soler Juan Diego , Thomas Nicholas E. , Tucker Carole E. , Tucker Gregory S. , Ward-Thompson Derek 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Polarization maps of the Vela C molecular cloud were obtained at 250, 350, and 500 μm during the 2012 flight of the balloon-borne telescope BLASTPol. These measurements are used in conjunction with 850 μm data from Planck to study the submillimeter spectrum of the polarization fraction for this cloud. The spectrum is relatively flat and does not exhibit a pronounced minimum at λ ∼ 350 μm as suggested by previous measurements of other molecular clouds. The shape of the spectrum does not depend strongly on the radiative environment of the dust, as quantified by the column density or the dust temperature obtained from Herschel data. The polarization ratios observed in Vela C are consistent with a model of a porous clumpy molecular cloud being uniformly heated by the interstellar radiation field.
THE BOSS EMISSION-LINE LENS SURVEY. III. STRONG LENSING OF Lyα EMITTERS BY INDIVIDUAL GALAXIES
Authors: Shu Yiping , Bolton Adam S. , Kochanek Christopher S. , Oguri Masamune , Pérez-Fournon Ismael , Zheng Zheng , Mao Shude , Montero-Dorta Antonio D. , Brownstein Joel R. , Marques-Chaves Rui , Ménard Brice 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We introduce the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Emission-Line Lens Survey GALaxy-Lyα EmitteR sYstems (BELLS GALLERY) Survey, which is a Hubble Space Telescope program to image a sample of galaxy-scale strong gravitational lens candidate systems with high-redshift Lyα emitters (LAEs) as the background sources. The goal of the BELLS GALLERY Survey is to illuminate dark substructures in galaxy-scale halos by exploiting the small-scale clumpiness of rest-frame far-UV emission in lensed LAEs, and to thereby constrain the slope and normalization of the substructure-mass function. In this paper, we describe in detail the spectroscopic strong-lens selection technique, which is based on methods adopted in the previous Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey, BELLS, and SLACS for the Masses Survey. We present the BELLS GALLERY sample of the 21 highest-quality galaxy–LAE candidates selected from

galaxy spectra in the BOSS of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III. These systems consist of massive galaxies at redshifts of approximately 0.5 strongly lensing LAEs at redshifts from 2–3. The compact nature of LAEs makes them an ideal probe of dark substructures, with a substructure-mass sensitivity that is unprecedented in other optical strong-lens samples. The magnification effect from lensing will also reveal the structure of LAEs below 100 pc scales, providing a detailed look at the sites of the most concentrated unobscured star formation in the universe. The source code used for candidate selection is available for download as a part of this release.
INFALLING–ROTATING MOTION AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL CHANGE IN THE ENVELOPE OF IRAS 16293–2422 SOURCE A STUDIED WITH ALMA
Authors: Oya Yoko , Sakai Nami , López-Sepulcre Ana , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Lefloch Bertrand , Favre Cécile , Yamamoto Satoshi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We have analyzed rotational spectral line emission of OCS, CH3OH, HCOOCH3, and H2CS observed toward the low-mass Class 0 protostellar source IRAS 16293–2422 Source A at a sub-arcsecond resolution (∼0.″6 × 0.″5) with ALMA. Significant chemical differentiation is found on a scale of 50 au. The OCS line is found to trace well the infalling–rotating envelope in this source. On the other hand, the distributions of CH3OH and HCOOCH3 are found to be concentrated around the inner part of the infalling–rotating envelope. With a simple ballistic model of the infalling–rotating envelope, the radius of the centrifugal barrier (a half of the centrifugal radius) and the protostellar mass are evaluated from the OCS data to be from 40 to 60 au and from 0.5 to 1.0 M
⊙, respectively, assuming the inclination angle of the envelope/disk structure to be 60° (90° for the edge-on configuration). Although the protostellar mass is correlated with the inclination angle, the radius of the centrifugal barrier is not. This is the first indication of the centrifugal barrier of the infalling–rotating envelope in a hot corino source. CH3OH and HCOOCH3 may be liberated from ice mantles by weak accretion shocks around the centrifugal barrier and/or by protostellar heating. The H2CS emission seems to come from the disk component inside the centrifugal barrier in addition to the envelope component. The centrifugal barrier plays a central role not only in the formation of a rotationally supported disk but also in the chemical evolution from the envelope to the protoplanetary disk.