bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub-microsecond wavelength stabilization of tunable lasers with the internal wavelength locker
Authors: Kimura Ryoga , Tatsumoto Yudai , Sakuma Kazuki , Onji Hirokazu , Shimokozono Makoto , Ishii Hiroyuki , Kato Kazutoshi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We proposed a method of accelerating the wavelength stabilization after wavelength switching of the tunable distributed amplification-distributed feedback (TDA-DFB) laser using the internal wavelength locker to reduce the size and the cost of the wavelength control system. The configuration of the wavelength stabilization system based on this locker was as follows. At the wavelength locker, the light intensity after an optical filter is detected as a current by the photodiodes (PDs). Then, for estimating the wavelength, the current is processed by the current/voltage-converting circuit (IVC), logarithm amplifier (Log Amp) and field programmable gate array (FPGA). Finally, the laser current is tuned to the desired wavelength with reference to the estimated wavelength. With this control system the wavelength is stabilized within 800 ns after wavelength switching, which is even faster than that with the conventional control system.
Demonstration of photon–photon resonance peak enhancement by waveguide configuration modification on active multimode interferometer laser diode
Authors: Kitano Takuya , Uddin Mohammad Nasir , Hong Bingzhou , Tajima Akio , Jiang Haisong , Hamamoto Kiichi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The recent rapid growth of data traffic is leading to high-speed communication for local areas, such as the fiber-to-the-home service. A semiconductor laser is used for such a purpose; however, there is the difficulty that an even higher frequency response occurs in only carrier-photon resonance. For this reason, it is effective to use a second resonance, such as a photon–photon resonance (PPR), for enhancing the frequency response, and the active multimode interferometer laser diode (active-MMI LD) is one of the candidates for achieving a high PPR frequency. In order to obtain an even higher PPR frequency, we have investigated the control scheme of enhancing PPR. In this work, we compared two types of active-MMI waveguide structures to confirm the scheme. As a result, a 3.8 GHz enhancement of the PPR peak, resulting in a 3 dB lower frequency response of 17 GHz, has been successfully achieved by waveguide geometry modification.
Article processing charges for open access publication—the situation for research intensive universities in the USA and Canada
Authors: Solomon David , Björk Bo-Christer 
Published: July 2016

Background.Open access (OA) publishing via article processing charges (APCs) is growing as an alternative to subscription publishing. The Pay It Forward (PIF) Project is exploring the feasibility of transitioning from paying subscriptions to funding APCs for faculty at research intensive universities. Estimating of the cost of APCs for the journals authors at research intensive universities tend to publish is essential for the PIF project and similar initiatives. This paper presents our research into this question.Methods.We identified APC prices for publications by authors at the 4 research intensive United States (US) and Canadian universities involved in the study. We also obtained APC payment records from several Western European universities and funding agencies. Both data sets were merged with Web of Science (WoS) metadata. We calculated the average APCs for articles and proceedings in 13 discipline categories published by researchers at research intensive universities. We also identified 41 journals published by traditionally subscription publishers which have recently converted to APC funded OA and recorded the APCs they charge.Results.We identified 7,629 payment records from the 4 European APC payment databases and 14,356 OA articles authored by PIF partner university faculty for which we had listed APC prices. APCs for full OA journals published by PIF authors averaged 1,775 USD; full OA journal APCs paid by Western European funders averaged 1,865 USD; hybrid APCs paid by Western European funders averaged 2,887 USD. The APC for converted journals published by major subscription publishers averaged 1,825 USD. APC funded OA is concentrated in the life and basic sciences. APCs funded articles in the social sciences and humanities are often multidisciplinary and published in journals such as PLOS ONE that largely publish in the life sciences.Conclusions.Full OA journal APCs average a little under 2,000 USD while hybrid articles average about 3,000 USD for publications by researchers at research intensive universities. There is a lack of information on discipline differences in APCs due to the concentration of APC funded publications in a few fields and the multidisciplinary nature of research.
A global assessment of NASA AIRS v6 and EUMETSAT IASI v6 precipitable water vapor using ground‐based GPS SuomiNet stations
Authors: Roman Jacola , Knuteson Robert , August Thomas , Hultberg Tim , Ackerman Steve , Revercomb Hank 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSatellite remote sensing of precipitable water vapor (PWV) is essential for monitoring moisture in real time for weather applications, as well as tracking the long‐term changes in PWV for climate change trend detection. This study assesses the accuracies of the current satellite observing system, specifically the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) v6 PWV product and the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellite Studies (EUMETSAT) Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) v6 PWV product, using ground‐based SuomiNet Global Positioning System (GPS) network as truth. Elevation‐corrected collocated matchups to each SuomiNet GPS station in North America and around the world were created, and results were broken down by station, ARM region, climate zone, and latitude zone. The greatest difference, exceeding 5%, between IASI and AIRS retrievals occurred in the tropics. Generally, IASI and AIRS fall within a 5% error in the PWV range of 20–40 mm (a mean bias less than 2 mm), with a wet bias for extremely low PWV values (less than 5 mm) and a dry bias for extremely high PWV values (greater than 50 mm). The operational IR satellite products are able to capture the mean PWV but degrade in the extreme dry and wet regimes.
Light absorption properties of brown carbon in the high Himalayas
Authors: Kirillova Elena N. , Marinoni Angela , Bonasoni Paolo , Vuillermoz Elisa , Facchini Maria Cristina , Fuzzi Sandro , Decesari Stefano 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe light‐absorbing properties of water‐soluble brown carbon (WS‐BrC) and methanol‐soluble brown carbon (MeS‐BrC) were studied in PM10 aerosols collected at the “Nepal Climate Observatory‐Pyramid” (NCO‐P) station (5079 m above sea level) during the period 2013–2014. The light absorption coefficients of WS‐BrC and MeS‐BrC were the highest during the premonsoon season and the lowest during monsoon. MeS‐BrC absorbs about 2 times higher at 365 nm and about 3 times more at 550 nm compared to WS‐BrC. The mass absorption cross section (MAC) of WS‐BrC measured at 365 nm is similar to that observed previously at South Asian low‐altitude sites. Fractional solar radiation absorption by BrC compared to BC considering the full solar spectrum showed that WS‐BrC absorbs 4 ± 1% and MeS‐BrC absorbs 9 ± 2% compared to BC at NCO‐P. Such ratios become 8 ± 1% (for WS‐BrC respect to BC) and 17 ± 5% (for MeS‐BrC respect to BC) when accounting for correction factors proposed by previous studies to convert absorption coefficients in bulk solutions into light absorption by accumulation mode aerosol particles. These results confirm the importance of BrC in contributing to light‐absorbing aerosols in this region of the world. However, the BrC absorption at 550 nm appears small compared to that of BC (1–5%, or 3–9% with conversion factors), and it is lower compared to global model estimates constrained by Aerosol Robotic Network observations. Finally, our study provides no clear evidence of a change in the fractional contribution of BrC with respect to BC to light absorption in the middle troposphere respect to the Indo‐Gangetic plain boundary layer.
IONONEST—A Bayesian approach to modeling the lower ionosphere
Authors: Martin Poppy L. , Scaife Anna M. M. , McKay Derek , McCrea Ian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObtaining high‐resolution electron density height profiles for the D region of the ionosphere as a well‐sampled function of time is difficult for most methods of ionospheric measurement. Here we present a new method of using multifrequency riometry data for producing D region height profiles via inverse methods. To obtain these profiles, we use the nested sampling technique, implemented through our code, IONONEST. We demonstrate this approach using new data from the Kilpisjärvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array (KAIRA) instrument and consider two electron density models. We compare the recovered height profiles from the KAIRA data with those from incoherent scatter radar using data from the European Incoherent Scatter Facility (EISCAT) instrument and find that there is good agreement between the two techniques, allowing for instrumental differences.
Tunable‐Sized Polymeric Micelles and Their Assembly for the Preparation of Large Mesoporous Platinum Nanoparticles
Authors: Jiang Bo , Li Cuiling , Tang Jing , Takei Toshiaki , Kim Jung Ho , Ide Yusuke , Henzie Joel , Tominaka Satoshi , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPlatinum nanoparticles with continuously tunable mesoporous structures were prepared by a simple, one‐step polymeric approach. By virtue of their large pore size, these structures have a high surface area that is accessible to reagents. In the synthetic method, variation of the solvent composition plays an essential role in the systematic control of pore size and particle shape. The mesoporous Pt catalyst exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity for the methanol oxidation reaction compared to commercially available Pt catalysts. This polymeric‐micelle approach provides an additional design concept for the creation of next generation of metallic catalysts.
Light‐Induced Water Splitting Causes High‐Amplitude Oscillation of pH‐Sensitive Layer‐by‐Layer Assemblies on TiO2
Authors: Ulasevich Sviatlana A. , Brezesinski Gerald , Möhwald Helmuth , Fratzl Peter , Schacher Felix H. , Poznyak Sergey K. , Andreeva Daria V. , Skorb Ekaterina V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe introduce a simple concept of a light induced pH change, followed by high amplitude manipulation of the mechanical properties of an adjacent polymer film. Irradiation of a titania surface is known to cause water splitting, and this can be used to reduce the environmental pH to pH 4. The mechanical modulus of an adjacent pH sensitive polymer film can thus be changed by more than an order of magnitude. The changes can be localized, maintained for hours and repeated without material destruction.
Reactions between Criegee Intermediates and the Inorganic Acids HCl and HNO3: Kinetics and Atmospheric Implications
Authors: Foreman Elizabeth S. , Kapnas Kara M. , Murray Craig 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCriegee intermediates (CIs) are a class of reactive radicals that are thought to play a key role in atmospheric chemistry through reactions with trace species that can lead to aerosol particle formation. Recent work has suggested that water vapor is likely to be the dominant sink for some CIs, although reactions with trace species that are sufficiently rapid can be locally competitive. Herein, we use broadband transient absorption spectroscopy to measure rate constants for the reactions of the simplest CI, CH2OO, with two inorganic acids, HCl and HNO3, both of which are present in polluted urban atmospheres. Both reactions are fast; at 295 K, the reactions of CH2OO with HCl and HNO3 have rate constants of 4.6×10−11 cm3 s−1 and 5.4×10−10 cm3 s−1, respectively. Complementary quantum‐chemical calculations show that these reactions form substituted hydroperoxides with no energy barrier. The results suggest that reactions of CIs with HNO3 in particular are likely to be competitive with those with water vapor in polluted urban areas under conditions of modest relative humidity.
Synthesis and application of hyperbranched poly(urethane‐urea) finishing agent with amino groups
Authors: Ren Long‐Fang , Geng Jin , Chen Ting , Guo Pei‐Ying , Qiang Tao‐Tao 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe isocyanate‐terminated linear polyurethane prepolymer (LPPU) was successfully synthesized via step‐by‐step polymerization, with isophorone disocyanate (IPDI) and polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG, Mn = 2000 g/mol) used as raw materials, dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as the catalyst, 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) as the chain extender and anhydrous ethanol (EtOH) as the blocking agent. Then the hyperbranched poly (urethane‐urea) (HBPU) containing amino groups was synthesized by grafting LPPU on amino‐terminated hyperbranched polymers (NH2‐HBP). The molecular structure of LPPU and HBPU were characterized by means of FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR. It was founded that LPPU and HBPU were successfully synthesized as anticipated. The thermal stability and crystalline morphology of LPPU and HBPU were characterized and analyzed by TG and XRD. Additionally, it was also found that, after addition of 10% HBPU, the water absorption rate, water vapor transmission rate, and water vapor permeability increased markedly by 162.02%, 400.00%, 260.00%, respectively. The tensile strength of membrane decreased by 24.57% and the elongation at break increased by 26.92%. Compared with the leather finished by commercial PU finishing agent, the leather finished by HBPU presented better properties. The water vapor permeability of the leather finished by increased by 13.0%, and the dry‐ and wet‐rub resistances and the physical and mechanical performances were excellent. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44139.
Recycling of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene waste used for preparing high performance synthetic paper
Authors: Cheng Dangdang , Zan Yifan , Du Juan , Luo Yan 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTDue to their widespread applications, the production and consumption of plastics have increased sharply and also brought about a lot of waste. However, only one‐fourth of plastic solid waste is effectively recycled, and the rest is almost entirely disposed in landfills. In this article, high performance synthetic paper used for printing was successfully prepared from ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene waste adopting thermally induced phase separation method. Silicon dioxide was added as filler and mineral oil was used as diluent. Whiteness, chemical resistance, tensile strength, thermal stability, surface morphology, and inkjet print of synthetic paper was investigated, respectively. It is indicated that the resulting synthetic paper possesses excellent printing effect. Its whiteness equally distributes around 80% and the highest tensile strength is up to 5.5 MPa. They also reveal good resistance to chemical corrosion and have good shape maintenance. As a result, the preparation of high performance synthetic paper for industrial applicability is expected to perform by recycling plastics waste. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44159.
Air‐tolerant Fabrication and Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of n‐Type Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulating 1,1′‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene
Authors: Nonoguchi Yoshiyuki , Iihara Yu , Ohashi Kenji , Murayama Tomoko , Kawai Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe thermally‐triggered n‐type doping of single‐walled carbon nanotubes is demonstrated using 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, a novel n‐type dopant. Through a simple thermal vacuum process, the phosphine compounds are moderately encapsulated inside single‐walled carbon nanotubes. The encapsulation into SWNTs is carefully characterized using Raman/X‐ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. This easy‐to‐handle doping with air‐stable precursors for n‐type SWNTs enables the large‐scale fabrication of thermoelectric materials showing an excellent power factor exceeding approximately 240 μW mK−2.
Farnesol production in Escherichia coli through the construction of a farnesol biosynthesis pathway – application of PgpB and YbjG phosphatases
Authors: Wang Chonglong , Park Ju‐Eon , Choi Eui‐Sung , Kim Seon‐Won 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFarnesol is a sesquiterpenoid alcohol that has important industrial and medical potential. It is usually synthesized from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) by farnesol synthase in plants. FPP accumulation can cause up‐regulation of phosphatases capable of FPP hydrolysis, resulting in farnesol production in Escherichia coli. We found that PgpB and YbjG, two integral membrane phosphatases, can hydrolyze FPP into farnesol. Overexpression of FPP synthase (IspA) and PgpB, along with a heterologous mevalonate pathway, enabled recombinant E. coli to produce 526.1 mg/L of farnesol. This result indicates that the phosphatases PgpB and YbjG can be used to construct a novel farnesol synthesis pathway for mass production in E. coli.
peIF4E as an independent prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in diffuse infiltrating astrocytomas
Authors: Martínez‐Sáez Elena , Peg Vicente , Ortega‐Aznar Arantxa , Martínez‐Ricarte Francisco , Camacho Jessica , Hernández‐Losa Javier , Ferreres Piñas Joan Carles , Ramón y Cajal Santiago 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMalignant transformation in tumors is a complex process requiring accumulation of numerous oncogenic abnormalities. Brain tumors show considerable phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. In a series comprising diffuse infiltrating astrocytomas (DIA) and reactive gliosis, we investigated the main factors associated with signaling pathways. We assessed expression levels and their association with tumor progression and survival. We studied 19 grade II astrocytomas, 25 anaplastic astrocytomas (grade III), 60 glioblastomas (grade IV), and 15 cases of reactive gliosis. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), pMAPK, 4E‐BP1, p4E‐BP1, pS6, eIF4E, and peIF4E expression levels were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Expression levels were semiquantitatively evaluated using a histoscore. Immunohistochemistry and PCR were used for IDH1 mutations. Statistical analysis was based on the following tests: chi‐square, Student's t, Pearson correlation, Spearman's rho, and Mann–Whitney; ROC and Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed. A significant increase was observed between grades for expression of total and phosphorylated 4E‐BP1 and for eIF4E, Ki67, EGFR, and cyclin D1. Although expression of EGFR, eIF4E, and Ki67 correlated with survival, only peIF4E was an independent predictor of survival in the multivariate analysis. Combining the evaluation of different proteins enables us to generate helpful diagnostic nomograms. In conclusion, cell signaling pathways are activated in DIAs; peIF4E is an independent prognostic factor and a promising therapeutic target. Joint analysis of the expression of 4E‐BP1 and peIF4E could be helpful in the diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme in small biopsy samples.
6‐Deoxyhexoses from l‐Rhamnose in the Search for Inducers of the Rhamnose Operon: Synergy of Chemistry and Biotechnology
Authors: Liu Zilei , Yoshihara Akihide , Kelly Ciarán , Heap John T. , Marqvorsen Mikkel H. S. , Jenkinson Sarah F. , Wormald Mark R. , Otero José M. , Estévez Amalia , Kato Atsushi , Fleet George W. J. , Estévez Ramón J. , Izumori Ken 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the search for alternative non‐metabolizable inducers in the l‐rhamnose promoter system, the synthesis of fifteen 6‐deoxyhexoses from l‐rhamnose demonstrates the value of synergy between biotechnology and chemistry. The readily available 2,3‐acetonide of rhamnonolactone allows inversion of configuration at C4 and/or C5 of rhamnose to give 6‐deoxy‐d‐allose, 6‐deoxy‐d‐gulose and 6‐deoxy‐l‐talose. Highly crystalline 3,5‐benzylidene rhamnonolactone gives easy access to l‐quinovose (6‐deoxy‐l‐glucose), l‐olivose and rhamnose analogue with C2 azido, amino and acetamido substituents. Electrophilic fluorination of rhamnal gives a mixture of 2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐l‐rhamnose and 2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐l‐quinovose. Biotechnology provides access to 6‐deoxy‐l‐altrose and 1‐deoxy‐l‐fructose.
Understanding the Oxidative Addition of σ‐Bonds to Group 13 Compounds
Authors: García‐Rodeja Yago , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Fernández Israel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe oxidative addition reaction of X−H σ‐bonds to Group 13 (E=Al, Ga, In) containing compounds has been computationally explored within the density functional theory framework. These reactions, which proceed concertedly involving the EI→EIII oxidation, are exothermic and associated with relatively low activation barriers. In addition, the following trends in reactivity are found: (i) the activation barriers are lower for the X−H bonds involving the heavier element in the same group (ΔE≠: C>Si; N>P; O>S), (ii) the process becomes kinetically more favorable in going from left to right in the same period (ΔE≠: C>N>O; Si≈P>S), and (iii) the activation barrier systematically increases when heavier Group 13 elements are involved in the transformation (ΔE≠: Al<Ga<In). These reactivity trends are analyzed and quantitatively rationalized in detail by means of the activation‐strain model of reactivity in combination with the energy decomposition analysis method.
Recognition of Multiple Methyl Groups on Aromatic Rings by a Polyaromatic Cavity
Authors: Yamashina Masahiro , Matsuno Sho , Sei Yoshihisa , Akita Munetaka , Yoshizawa Michito 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe methyl group is a small substituent, usually showing relatively weak or no interactions with other functional groups and metal ions. Herein, we present the recognition of the number of methyl groups on synthetic and natural aromatic compounds (i.e., benzene and xanthine derivatives, respectively) by the 1 nm‐sized polyaromatic cavity of a coordination capsule in water. Detailed competitive encapsulation experiments as well as X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed that multiple guest–host CH3–polyaromatic interactions in the confined nanospace are key driving forces for the high selectivity.
Pollution Control Meets Sustainability: Structure–Activity Studies on New Iron Oxide‐Based CO Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Schoch Roland , Bauer Matthias 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA new class of catalysts for the oxidation of CO based on iron oxide as a biocompatible, earth‐abundant and non‐toxic metal is presented. The catalytic activities achieved with these catalysts provide promising milestones towards the substitution of noble metals in CO oxidation catalysts. The catalysts can be obtained by using iron core–shell nanoparticle precursors. The metal used for the shell material determines whether the iron core is integrated in or isolated from the support. The active iron site is effectively integrated into the γ‐Al2O3 support if an aluminum shell is present in the core–shell precursor. When the metal used for the shell is different from the support, an isolated structure is formed. Using this directed synthesis approach, different iron oxide species can be obtained and their structural differences are linked to distinct catalytic activities, as demonstrated by combined in‐depth analytical studies using XRD, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), UV/Vis, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The key species responsible for high catalytic activity is identified as isolated tetrahedrally coordinated FeIII centers, whereas aggregation leads to a reduction in activity.