bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Prosodic Cues in Sentence Processing by Prelingually Deaf Users of Cochlear Implants
Authors: Holt Colleen M. , Demuth Katherine , Yuen Ivan 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to assess the use of prosodic and contextual cues to focus by prelingually deaf adolescent users of cochlear implants (CIs) when identifying target phonemes. We predict that CI users will have slower reaction times to target phonemes compared with a group of normally-hearing (NH) peers. We also predict that reaction times will be faster when both prosodic and contextual (semantic) cues are provided.

Design:
Eight prelingually deaf adolescent users of CIs and 8 adolescents with NH completed 2 phoneme-monitoring experiments. Participants were aged between 13 and 18 years. The mean age at implantation for the CI group was 1.8 years (SD: 1.0). In the prosodic condition, reaction times to a target phoneme in a linguistically focused (i.e., stressed) word were compared between the two groups. The semantic condition compared reaction time with target phonemes when contextual cues to focus were provided in addition to prosodic cues.

Results:
Reaction times of the CI group were slower than those of the NH group in both the prosodic and semantic conditions. A linear mixed model was used to compare reaction times using Group as a fixed factor and Phoneme and Subject as random factors. When only prosodic cues (prosodic condition) to focus location were provided, the mean reaction time of the CI group was 512 msec compared with 317 msec for the NH group, and this difference was significant (p < 0.001). The provision of contextual cues speeded reaction times for both groups (semantic condition), indicating that top–down processing aided both groups in their search for a focused item. However, even with both prosodic and contextual cues, the CI users’ processing times remained slower, compared with the NH group, with mean reaction times of 385 msec for the CI users but 232 msec for the NH listeners (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Prelingually deaf CI users’ processing of prosodic cues is less efficient than that of their NH peers, as evidenced by slower reaction times to targets in phoneme monitoring. The provision of contextual cues speeded reaction times for both NH and CI groups, although the CI users were slower in responding than the NH group. These findings contribute to our understanding of how CI users employ/integrate prosodic and semantic cues in speech processing.
Does Aldosterone Play a Significant Role for Regulation of Vascular Tone?
Authors: Lyngsø Kristina S. , Assersen Kasper , Dalgaard Emil G. , Skott Ole , Jensen Boye L. , Hansen Pernille B. L. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract:
Besides the well-known renal effects of aldosterone, the hormone is now known to have direct vascular effects. Clinical observations underline substantial adverse effects of aldosterone on cardiovascular function. The source of systemic circulating aldosterone is the adrenal gland zona glomerulosa cells through stimulus-secretion coupling involving depolarization, opening of L- and T-type calcium channels and aldosterone synthase activation. Local formation and release in peripheral tissues such as perivascular fat is recognized. Where does aldosterone affect the vasculature? Mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) are present in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, and MR-independent pathways are also involved. The vascular effects of aldosterone are complex, both concentration and temporal and spatial aspects are relevant. The acute response includes vasodilation through endothelial nitric oxide formation and vasoconstrictor effects through endothelial-contracting cyclooxygenase-derived factors and a changed calcium handling. The response to aldosterone can change within the same blood vessels depending on the exposure time and status of the endothelium. Chronic responses involve changed levels of reactive oxygen radicals, endothelial Na-influx and smooth muscle calcium channel expression. Furthermore, perivascular cells for example mast cells have also been suggested to participate in the chronic response. Moreover, the vascular effect of aldosterone depends on the status of the endothelium which is likely the cause of the very different responses to aldosterone and MR treatment observed in human studies going from increased to decreased flow depending on whether the patient had prior cardiovascular disease with endothelial dysfunction or not. A preponderance of constrictor versus dilator responses to aldosterone could therefore be involved in the detrimental vascular actions of the hormone in the setting of endothelial dysfunction and contribute to explain the beneficial action of MR blockers on blood pressure and target organ injury.
The Use of Bandage Contact Lenses in Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Uçakhan Ömür , Yanik Özge 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the use of the bandage contact lenses (BCLs) in adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis-related ocular surface problems.Methods:Fifteen eyes of 15 consecutive patients presenting at the Ankara University Medical Center, Cornea and Contact Lens Service, and requiring BCL use for adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis-related ocular surface problems were enrolled. Visual acuity, slitlamp examination findings, indication and duration of the BCL use, the total follow-up, and any adjuvant medication were recorded. All patients were followed regarding the success of treatment and adverse effects associated with BCL use.Results:The average age at the time of presentation was 26.8±15.5 years. The major reasons for BCL use included epithelial defect (7 eyes), filamentous keratopathy (5 eyes), epithelial edema (1 eyes), and filamentous keratopathy together with epithelial defect (2 eyes). After the first appearance of conjunctivitis symptoms, the mean time to BCL application was 9.0±3.9 days. The mean duration of contact lens wear was 9.9±6.5 days, and the mean follow-up was 26.4±15.8 days. Preservative-free artificial tears and topical antibiotics were used in all cases. Besides, topical ganciclovir 0.15% gel (8 eyes), topical 0.4% povidone–iodine solution (9 eyes), and topical steroids (11 eyes) were used in various combinations. At the end of the follow-up period, the mean visual acuity improved from 0.23±0.32 logMAR units (∼0.6 Snellen line) to 0.0l±0.04 logMAR units (∼1.0 Snellen line) (P=0.042). No sight-threatening complication related to contact lens wear was encountered.Conclusion:Adjuvant use of BCLs seems to be safe and effective in the treatment of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis-related ocular surface problems. Close follow-up and prophylactic use of topical antibiotics are rationalistic for prevention of secondary infections.
Global Teleophthalmology With the Smartphone for Microscopic Ocular Surgery
Authors: Ye Yufeng , Wang Jianhua , Xie Yanan , Jiang Hong , Zhong Jianguang , He Xiaojian , Zhang Huicheng 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:
This study aimed to determine the feasibility and quality of real-time video transferring in global teleophthalmology using two smartphones during microscopic ocular surgery.

Methods:
An iPhone 4S (Apple) was adapted into a surgical microscope in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China to capture video during microscopic ocular surgery. An iPhone 5 (Apple), an iPad2 (Apple), and a desktop computer were used as the receptor on the other side of the globe (Miami, FL). A standard resolution test card and the three surgeries of human eyes were captured. During the global video teleconferencing, the real-time video was transferred through Skype from Hangzhou to Miami. A standard resolution test card and the surgery of human eyes were captured. The real-time image resolutions captured and displayed on both phones at different places were measured. Real-time vocal communications concurrent between two parties took place during video conferencing when the ocular surgery was performed in Hangzhou.

Results:
The video sequences were transferred in real time between the two cities while two parties conversed smoothly without any difficulty. The viewer in Miami clearly visualized the surgical procedure performed in Hangzhou without lagging and distortion. The spatial resolution observed on the video in real time was similar for both phones.

Conclusions:
The study demonstrated that global video teleophthalmology for microscopic ocular surgery is feasible using two smartphones. The simple, portable, and affordable add-on attachment to the surgical microscope transfers high-quality video for real-time global teleophthalmology.
Femtosecond-Assisted LASIK Versus PRK: Comparison of 6-Month Visual Acuity and Quality Outcome for High Myopia
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Miraftab Mohammad , Ghaffari Reza , Asgari Soheila 
Published: December 2015

Objective:
To compare the results of femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (femto-LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin C (PRK-MMC) for the correction of myopia more than 7.0 diopters (D).

Methods:
In this comparative nonrandomized trial, 60 eyes (30 eyes in each group) were enrolled. Patients were tested for uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction spherical equivalent, ocular and corneal aberrations, and contrast sensitivity (CS) before surgery and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

Results:
Mean preoperative myopia was −8.65±1.51 and −8.04±1.70 D in the femto-LASIK and PRK-MMC groups, respectively (P=0.149). Intergroup differences in baseline indices were not statistically significant. At 6 months after surgery, UDVA showed an improving trend, but it was better in the femto-LASIK group (P=0.026). CDVA in the two groups remained similarly unchanged (P=0.170). For the femto-LASIK and PRK-MMC groups, the safety indices were 1.01±0.05 and 1.01±0.14 (P=0.949), respectively, and the efficacy indices were 0.99±0.07 and 0.93±0.22 (P=0.192), respectively. Comparing CS, only CS18 showed a significantly greater decrease in the femto-LASIK group compared with the PRK-MMC group (P=0.016). Intergroup differences were not statistically significant in other spatial frequencies. Changes in the ocular and corneal higher order aberrations were not statistically different between the two groups except ocular coma, which increased in the femto-LASIK group (P=0.041).

Conclusion:
Femto-LASIK improves UDVA better than PRK-MMC in high myopia. However, because of increased coma, the quality of vision is reduced. In other words, visual acuity outcome is better with femto-LASIK and visual quality outcome is better with PRK-MMC.
The Effect of Dehydration and Fasting on Corneal Biomechanical Properties and Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Oltulu Refik , Satirtav Gunhal , Ersan Ismail , Soylu Erkan , Okka Mehmet , Zengin Nazmi 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:
To evaluate the changes in corneal biomechanical properties and intraocular pressure (IOP) during fasting period in healthy subjects.

Methods:
Seventy-two eyes of 72 fasting subjects (study group), and 62 eyes of 62 nonfasting subjects (control group) were enrolled in this prospective study undertaken at a single university hospital. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmologic examination including ocular biomechanical evaluation with ocular response analyzer. Ocular response analyzer measurement was performed on the right eyes of the subjects between 5.00 and 6.00 pm after approximately 14 hr of fasting for the study group and after a nonfasting period for the control group. The corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor, mean corneal compensated IOP (IOPcc), and Goldmann-correlated IOP (IOPg) values were measured with a patented dynamic bidirectional applanation process.

Results:
Goldmann-correlated IOP and IOPcc measurements in the study group and the control group were found as 13.8±2.8 mm Hg, 14.6±2.6 mm Hg and 16.3±2.2 mm Hg, 15.7±2.4 mm Hg, respectively. There was statistically significant difference within the two groups in IOPg and IOPcc (P<0.001). In addition, corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor significantly decreased in study group compared with control group (P<0.001, P=0.012, respectively).

Conclusion:
Prolonged fasting causes a significant decrease in IOPg, IOPcc, corneal hysteresis, and corneal resistance factor in healthy subjects, altering the biomechanical properties of the cornea.
Indications for Keratoplasty at 3 Academic Centers from 2002 to 2012
Authors: Hsu Kimberly M. , Chang Shu-Hong , Brothers Whitney , Edelstein Sean L. , Hsu Hugo Y. , Harocopos George J. 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
To determine whether indications for keratoplasty differ between academic centers and the Eye Bank Association of America (EBAA) annual statistics from 2002 to 2012.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed for the indications for keratoplasty from 2002 to 2012 based on surgical specimens originating from three different academic centers. Data were compared with statistical reports obtained from the EBAA for the corresponding years.

Results:
From 2002 to 2007, at Washington University in St Louis (WU), the most common indication for keratoplasty was graft failure at 31.6%. At St Louis University, the most common indications for keratoplasty were pseudophakic and aphakic bullous keratopathy (PBK/ABK) at 34.6% followed closely by graft failure at 32.7%. Combining the 2002 to 2007 EBAA data, the most common indication for keratoplasty was PBK/ABK at 19.5%, whereas regrafts accounted for only 13.0% of keratoplasties. From 2008 to 2012, regrafts accounted for 41.9% of keratoplasties at WU and 33.1% of keratoplasties at University of California, Davis. In contrast, the EBAA data showed that only 11.4% of keratoplasties were regrafts.

Conclusions:
Graft failure accounted for approximately 30% to 40% of indications for keratoplasties at three academic centers from 2002 to 2012, which was more than double and in some cases triple that of the EBAA data during this period. These higher frequencies of regrafting may represent a referral bias of patients with complicated cases to academic centers who then require multiple keratoplasties.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Followed by Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery in Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Mihos Christos G. , Santana Orlando , Pineda Andrés M. , Stone Gregg W. , Hasty Frederick , Beohar Nirat 
Published: December 2015

Objective The optimal treatment strategy in patients with coronary artery disease and ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) remains controversial. A staged approach of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) followed by minimally invasive valve surgery, rather than combined median sternotomy coronary artery bypass and valve surgery, may be a viable alternative. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 31 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease and severe IMR who underwent a staged procedure at our institution between February 2009 and April 2014. Results The mean ± SD age, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, and mitral regurgitation grade were 72 ± 7 years, 35% ± 11%, and 3.6 ± 0.6, respectively. The mean ± SD Society of Thoracic Surgeons-predicted mortality score was 5.1% ± 4.2%. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed for 1- and 2-vessel disease in 22 patients (71%) and 9 patients (29%), respectively, with 23 patients (74%) having drug-eluting stents placed. Minimally invasive valve surgery was performed within a median of 36 days after PCI, with 61% of the patients being on dual antiplatelet therapy. Post-operatively, there was 1 case of acute kidney injury, 1 case of reoperation for bleeding, and no cerebrovascular accidents. The 30-day mortality was 3%. The median total hospital length of stay was 8 days (interquartile range, 7–10). At a mean ± SD follow-up of 2.4 ± 1.6 years, 2 patients required PCI for target-vessel revascularization. Actuarial survival at 1 and 5 years was 84% and 80%, respectively. Conclusions A staged approach in patients with coronary artery disease and IMR can be performed with a low perioperative morbidity and good midterm survival.
Simplified Transapical Aortic Valve Implantation Using the SAPIEN 3 Valve without Preballooning
Authors: Van Linden Amaud , Kim Won-Keun , Liebetrau Christoph , Doss Mirko , Hecker Florian , Arsalan Mani , Blumenstein Johannes , Möllmann Helge , Walther Thomas 
Published: December 2015

Objective Preballooning (PB) of the stenotic aortic valve can be considered common standard during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (T-AVI). Transcatheter aortic valve implantation without preballooning (noPB) using the Edwards SAPIEN XT prosthesis has been described previously. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of next-generation SAPIEN 3 valve implantation without PB. Methods Since January 2013, a total of 66 patients received SAPIEN 3 valve implantation at our center using the transapical approach. Patients were treated using the standard PB technique (n = 17 [25.8%]) or no PB (n = 49 [74.2%]). Results Baseline characteristics of patient groups were comparable (38% women; mean age, 83 years; STS score, 8%, logistic EuroSCORE I and II, 30% and 8%, respectively). Patients in the PB group were exclusively treated in our earlier experience with this device. Overall 30-day mortality was 4.5% (6.1% for noPB vs. 0% PB; P=ns). Aortic regurgitation was grade 1 or less in 100% (PB) versus 93.9% (noPB); P = ns Median contrast use was 70 (60–95) mL (PB) versus 50 (40–50) mL (noPB); P < 0.001; and median radiation dose was 32.0(17–57) Gy × cm2 (PB) versus 26.6 (16–36) Gy × cm2 (noPB); P < 0.001. Postdilatation was required in one patient only (noPB). The rate of new pacemaker implantations was 41.2% (PB) versus 12.2% (noPB); P = 0.03. Periprocedural stroke occurred in one patient in each group (6% PB vs 2.0% no-PB); P = ns. Conclusions Direct transapical SAPIEN 3 valve implantation without PB is feasible and safe. The no-PB technique leads to further simplification of the procedures.
Drug safety at admission to emergency department: an innovative model for PRIOritizing patients for MEdication Reconciliation (PRIOMER)
Authors: Damlien Lisbeth , Davidsen Nina , Nilsen Merethe , Godø Aasmund , Moger Tron A. , Viktil Kirsten K. 
Published: December 2015

Objective
This study aimed to develop an innovative prioritizing model for conducting medication reconciliation (MR) at a fast-paced workflow emergency department (ED) and to implement an efficient working model for MR.

Patients and methods
A total of 276 patients were included at the ED, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Norway, and medication discrepancies (MDs) between hospital admission records and information on prehospital medication use were recorded. Clinically relevant medication discrepancies (crMDs) were assessed by a multidisciplinary panel. Binary logistic regression was used to construct the prioritizing model from patient characteristics correlated to crMDs, and patient characteristics included in the model should be easily available in the acute situation. A survey among the physicians made up the basis for the working model for conducting MR.

Results
In total, 62% of the patients had one or more crMD. The following turned out to be risk factors for having a crMD suitable for inclusion in the model: sex (woman), age (≥60), one or more admission to hospital in the last 12 months and admission causes: surgical, malfunction, cancer. The prioritizing model correctly classified 76.1% of the patients as high-risk patients for having a crMD. In the new working model, in which clinical pharmacists/trained nurses perform MR before the physician did the medication history, was perceived to be more time efficient and also clarified questions related to the medication history early in the admission process.

Conclusion
This innovative prioritizing model is designed to be practical in the fast-paced workflow at the ED and can identify what patients are at increased risk of having crMDs. The multidisciplinary working model was proven time efficient and could contribute towards increased patient safety.
Proposition and operational characteristics of a new dispatch scale to specifically identify acute strokes
Authors: Dami Fabrice , Emery Alexandre , Pasquier Mathieu , Carron Pierre-Nicolas , Fuchs Vincent , Yersin Bertrand , Hugli Olivier 
Published: December 2015

Objective
Prehospital recognition of an acute stroke improves the time from onset to thrombolysis and rates of reperfusion therapy. Studies conducted to evaluate paramedic and dispatcher performance in suspecting stroke are disappointing. This study addresses the specific issue of stroke recognition by dispatchers, taking into account delay in reporting the onset of symptoms (<5 h).

Methods
This is an observational analysis conducted over a 12-month period. Dispatchers used a modified Cincinnati Stroke Scale to specifically identify acute strokes in a criteria-based dispatch. Data were extracted from the State’s dispatch and the State’s stroke centre. All calls to the dispatch were included. Dispatcher’s suspicion of acute stroke and the patient’s final destination and diagnosis were collected. Simple descriptive statistics were used. Sensitivity and positive predictive value were calculated.

Results
The dispatch received 27 719 calls resulting in ambulance dispatches; 427 calls [1.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–1.7] were classified as suspicion of acute stroke by dispatchers, and 40 of them (9.4%; 95% CI 6.6–12.1) fulfilled the criteria for thrombolysis (sensitivity 67.8%; 95% CI 54.3–79.4%). Dispatchers missed 19 of 59 strokes (32.2%; 95% CI 20.3–44.1) that received thrombolysis; 16 cases were missed because of unspecific acute symptoms (unconsciousness, dyspnoea), and three more because of unspecific nonacute symptoms (vertigo, dizziness).

Conclusion
The revised Cincinnati Stroke Scale for dispatch adds the notion of delay in the process of triage. It identifies 67.8% and misses 32.2% of the stroke patients treated by thrombolysis. Its performance is similar to previous results using the regular Cincinnati Stroke Scale, but allows for targeting acute strokes.
Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy and Concordance of Video Capsule Endoscopy and Double Balloon Enteroscopy in Children
Authors: Danialifar Tanaz F. , Naon Hillel , Liu Quin Y. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:To compare the diagnostic yield, sensitivity, and specificity of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) with double balloon enteroscopy (DBE), including comparison with histological findings as well as degree of concordance of the studies.Methods:Retrospective review of pediatric patients who had DBE following VCE at a single center from 2006 to 2013. VCEs were interpreted by 1 of 4 pediatric gastroenterologists and DBEs were performed by a single endoscopist.Results:Thirty‐six patients ranging from 5 to 20 years had DBE following VCE. There were positive findings in 32 (88.8%) of VCE and 21 (58.3%) of DBE. Significant histological findings were identified in 16 patients (44.4%). When comparing VCE with DBE findings, VCE had a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 20%. Overall concordance between VCE and DBE findings was weak with calculated kappa index of 0.1702; however, this varied widely by indication. VCE had sensitivity 100% and specificity 20% for detecting histologically significant lesions. DBE had sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 65%.Conclusions:This is the first pediatric study to evaluate diagnostic accuracy and concordance of VCE and DBE and to compare both to histological findings. Our study supports the high diagnostic utility of both the studies. VCE is highly sensitive with an excellent negative predictive value both for DBE findings and for histological findings; however, the utility of VCE is limited by low specificity. Sensitivity and specificity of DBE for detecting histologically significant findings were good. Overall agreement between VCE and DBE is low but varies by indication for the study. These results support the use of VCE and DBE as complementary studies.