bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhinophyma in Tuberous Sclerosis
Authors: Bernstein David 
Published: April 2016

Search of the literature thus far indicates no prior description of rhinophyma occuring in tuberous sclerosis. There have been numerous reports of the usual skin lesion, adenoma sebaceum, together with the associated manifestations of severe mental retardation and convulsive seizures.In a 27‐year‐old woman, full‐blown, severely deforming rhinophyma had its onset one year prior to her hospital admission. The family, horrified by her appearance, desired surgical intervention. The report includes a review of the literature and a description of the patient and of the surgical technique employed. The question of the desirability and difficulty involved in skin grafting is discussed, as are the microscopic findings and postoperative course. Particular attention is directed toward differential diagnosis and associated findings.
An Immunoperoxidase Method for the Demonstration of Allergen‐Specific Ige in Serum
Authors: Ali Majid , Nalebuff Donald J. , Fayemi A. Olusegun , Fadal Richard G. , Connell John T. 
Published: April 2016

A solid‐phase immunoenzymatic technique for the detection of allergen‐specific IgE antibodies in serum is described. The binding of such antibodies to allergen insolubilized on cyanogen bromide‐activated paper discs was detected by a subsequent two‐step procedure involving the use of rabbit antihuman IgE and goat antirabbit IgG coupled with peroxidase. A solution of 3‐3′ diaminobenzidine and hydrogen peroxide, employed as the color indicator system, turned the discs dark brown in positive cases. Discs carrying 11 different inhalant allergens were tested with sera containing allergen‐specific IgE antibodies. Agreement between the results of this technique and the RAST was seen in 85% of 310 tests performed.In the clinical practice of otorhinolaryngologic allergy, this test may prove to be an important laboratory adjunct to clinical history and diagnostic skin test in the identification of the incriminated inhalant allergens.
Does Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Using the Keyhole Technique Restore the Anatomic Location of the Native Lateral Meniscus?
Authors: Kim Nam-Ki , Bin Seong-Il , Kim Jong-Min , Lee Chang-Rack 
Published: April 2016

Background: It is important to restore the normal anatomy of the native meniscus in meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) for successful surgical results. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare the anatomic positions of the anterior horn (AH) and posterior horn (PH) between the preoperative lateral meniscus and postoperative meniscal allograft after lateral MAT using the keyhole technique. We hypothesized that the keyhole technique could restore the preoperative anatomy of the native lateral meniscus. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Between December 2012 and December 2014, a total of 70 patients underwent lateral MAT using the keyhole technique. The anatomic positions of both horns of the native lateral meniscus and the meniscal allograft were measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Preoperative MRI was performed 1 day before lateral MAT, while postoperative MRI was performed 2 days after lateral MAT. A percentage reference method was used to measure the location of both horns. Results: For the AH, the mean delta value of the absolute position was 0.7 ± 1.8 mm (95% CI, 0.3-1.1 mm) in the coronal plane and 0.5 ± 1.6 mm (95% CI, 0.2-0.9 mm) in the sagittal plane, and the mean delta value of the relative position was 1.0% ± 2.3% (95% CI, 0.5%-1.6%) in the coronal plane and 1.1% ± 3.3% (95% CI, 0.2%-1.8%) in the sagittal plane. For the PH, the mean delta value of the absolute position was 2.4 ± 2.6 mm (95% CI, 1.8 to 3.1 mm) in the coronal plane and −0.1 ± 2.1 mm (95% CI, −0.6 to 0.4 mm) in the sagittal plane, and the mean delta value of the relative position was 3.3% ± 3.5% (95% CI, 2.5% to 4.2%) in the coronal plane and −0.3% ± 4.4% (95% CI, –1.3% to 0.8%) in the sagittal plane. Therefore, the AH moved by a mean of 0.7 mm laterally and 0.5 mm anteriorly (absolute values) and 1.0% laterally and 1.1% anteriorly (relative values) compared with the preoperative position. The PH moved by a mean of 2.4 mm laterally and 0.1 mm posteriorly (absolute values) and 3.3% laterally and 0.3% posteriorly (relative values) compared with the preoperative position. For the AH, the proportion of patients with an absolute delta value of ≥5 mm was 4.3% in the coronal plane and 2.9% in the sagittal plane. For the PH, the proportion of patients with an absolute delta value of ≥5 mm was 18.6% in the coronal plane and 4.3% in the sagittal plane. Conclusion: When comparing the position of the horns preoperatively and postoperatively, both horns showed mean relative postoperative positional changes of <5% of relative values and <5 mm of absolute values in both the coronal and sagittal planes. The keyhole technique in lateral MAT can reconstruct the lateral meniscus close to its native anatomic position by avoiding displacement of >5 mm in both the coronal and sagittal planes.
Randomized phase 2 study: elotuzumab plus bortezomib/dexamethasone vs bortezomib/dexamethasone for relapsed/refractory MM
Authors: Jakubowiak Andrzej , Offidani Massimo , Pégourie Brigitte , De La Rubia Javier , Garderet Laurent , Laribi Kamel , Bosi Alberto , Marasca Roberto , Laubach Jacob , Mohrbacher Ann , Carella Angelo Michele , Singhal Anil K. , Tsao L. Claire , Lynch Mark , Bleickardt Eric , Jou Ying-Ming , Robbins Michael , Palumbo Antonio 
Published: April 2016

Key Points
Elotuzumab, an immunostimulatory antibody, prolongs PFS with no added clinical toxicity when combined with Bd vs Bd alone in RRMM. Based on results from this phase 2 study, further investigation of elotuzumab with a proteasome inhibitor in RRMM is warranted.
Gene signature-based mapping of immunological systems and diseases
Authors: Liu Hong , Liu Jessica , Toups Michelle , Soos Timothy , Arendt Christopher 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
The immune system is multifaceted, structured by diverse components that interconnect using multilayered dynamic cellular processes. Genomic technologies provide a means for investigating, at the molecular level, the adaptations of the immune system in host defense and its dysregulation in pathological conditions. A critical aspect of intersecting and investigating complex datasets is determining how to best integrate genomic data from diverse platforms and heterogeneous sample populations to capture immunological signatures in health and disease.

Result
We focus on gene signatures, representing highly enriched genes of immune cell subsets from both diseased and healthy tissues. From these, we construct a series of biomaps that illustrate the molecular linkages between cell subsets from different lineages, the connectivity between different immunological diseases, and the enrichment of cell subset signatures in diseased tissues. Finally, we overlay the downstream genes of drug targets with disease gene signatures to display the potential therapeutic applications for these approaches.

Conclusion
An in silico approach has been developed to characterize immune cell subsets and diseases based on the gene signatures that most differentiate them from other biological states. This modular ‘biomap’ reveals the linkages between different diseases and immune subtypes, and provides evidence for the presence of specific immunocyte subsets in mixed tissues. The over-represented genes in disease signatures of interest can be further investigated for their functions in both host defense and disease.
Quality of life with anal fistula
Authors: Owen HA , Buchanan GN , Schizas A , Cohen R , Williams AB 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Anal fistula affects people of working age. Symptoms include abscess, pain, discharge of pus and blood. Treatment of this benign disease can affect faecal continence, which may, in turn, impair quality of life (QOL). We assessed the QOL of patients with cryptoglandular anal fistula. Methods Newly referred patients with anal fistula completed the St Mark’s Incontinence Score, which ranges from 0 (perfect continence) to 24 (totally incontinent), and Short form 36 (SF–36) questionnaire at two institutions with an interest in anal fistula. The data were examined to identify factors affecting QOL. Results Data were available for 146 patients (47 women), with a median age of 44 years (range 18–82 years) and a median continence score of 0 (range 0–23). Versus population norms, patients had an overall reduction in QOL. While those with recurrent disease had no difference on continence scores, QOL was worse on two of eight SF–36 domains (p<0.05). Patients with secondary extensions had reduced QOL in two domains (p<0.05), while urgency was associated with reduced QOL on five domains (p<0.05). Patients with loose seton had the same QOL as those without seton. No difference in urgency was found between patients with and without loose seton. In primary fistula patients, 19.4% of patients experienced urgency versus 36.3% of those with recurrent fistulas. Conclusions Patients with anal fistula had a reduced QOL, which was worse in those with recurrent disease, secondary extensions and urgency. Loose seton had no impact on QOL.
Comparison of Intraoperative Periarticular Injections versus Liposomal Bupivacaine as Part of a Multimodal Approach to Pain Management in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Klug Mikayla J. , Rivey Michael P. , Carter Jean T. 
Published: April 2016

Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been shown to restore mobility, return an individual to activities of daily living, and improve quality of life. Nearly 80% of patients undergoing TKA report moderate to severe pain in the first 2 weeks following surgery. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 103 patients who underwent TKA between October 12, 2014 and May 30, 2015 by a single surgeon at a small community hospital. During this period, data were analyzed for differences in outcomes with a change from intraoperative periarticular (IOPA) injections containing an anesthetic/analgesic mixture of ropivacaine, epinephrine, ketorolac, and clonidine to liposomal bupivacaine. Patient records were reviewed to extract study data including postoperative opioid use, length of stay (LOS), opioid-associated adverse events, and non-opioid analgesic use. Results No statistical differences were determined between groups for mean postoperative opiate usage in morphine equivalences during any time frame or for total opiate usage (79.4 vs 89.2 mg; P = .259) during the first 72 postoperative hours. Patients who received a liposomal bupivacaine injection did have a statistically significant increase in hospital LOS (70.0 vs 75.5 hours; P = .013) when compared to patients who received an IOPA injection. The incidence of nausea or vomiting, pruritus, or oversedation did not differ between groups. Conclusion Pain control in TKA with a multimodal pain management protocol was not improved with the addition of liposomal bupivacaine compared to the IOPA injection at a community hospital.
Generalized geometry of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds and the generalized ∂̅-operator
Authors: Nannicini Antonella 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Let (M, g, ∇) be a pseudo-Riemannian manifold with a torsion free linear connection and let Jg be the generalized complex structure on M defined by g; see [13], [14]. We prove that in the case Jg is ∇- integrable the ±i-eigenbundles of Jg, E1,0
Jg and E0,1
Jg are complex Lie algebroids.Moreover E0,1
Jg and (E1,0
Jg)* are canonically isomorphic, thus we define the concept of generalized ∂̅-operator of (M, g, ∇) and we describe a class of generalized holomorphic sections of T(M) ⊕ T*(M). Also we relate the Lie bialgebroid property of (E1,0
Jg , (E1,0
Jg )*) to conditions on the metric g in the case of affine Hessian manifolds.
Concentrating solutions for a planar elliptic problem with large nonlinear exponent and Robin boundary condition
Authors: Zhang Yibin , Shi Lei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLetΩ⊂ ℝ2be a bounded domain with smooth boundary andb(x) > 0 a smooth function defined on∂Ω. We study the following Robin boundary value problem:$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \left\{ \begin{alignedat}{2} &{\it\Delta} u+u^p=0 &\quad& \text{in }{\it\Omega},\\ &u>0 &\quad& \text{in }{\it\Omega},\\ &\frac{\partial u}{\partial\nu} +\lambda b(x)u=0 &\quad& \text{on } \partial{\it\Omega}, \end{alignedat} \right. \end{array}$$whereνdenotes the exterior unit vector normal to∂Ω, 0 <λ< +∞ andp> 1 is a large exponent. We construct solutions of this problem which exhibit concentration asp→ +∞ and simultaneously asλ→ +∞ at points that get close to the boundary, and show that in general the set of solutions of this problem exhibits a richer structure than the problem with Dirichlet boundary condition.
How the Mechanism of Dynamic Representation Affects Policy Change and Stability
Authors: Franzmann Simon Tobias , Schmitt Johannes 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In politics, we often observe stasis when, at first sight, no reason exists for such policy blockades. In contrast., we sometimes see policy change when one would expect blockades resulting from veto points or countervailing majorities. How can we explain these contradictory results concerning policy stability? In order to solve this theoretical puzzle, we develop an agent-based model (ABM). We combine established models of veto player theory (Tsebelis 2002: Ganghof-Bräuninger 2006) with the findings of political sociology and party competition. By aggregating previous party-level findings, we show that dynamic representation (Stimson et. al. 1995) provides an additional mechanism that can explain these macro-level outcomes. Parties behaving responsively to their electorate do not automatically guarantee perfect responsivity on the party system level. Further, if opposition parties also fear punishment by the electorate for government inaction, the opposition behaves more accommodatingly than previous approaches have predicted.
The Lytic SA Phage Demonstrate Bactericidal Activity against Mastitis Causing Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hamza Ameer , Perveen Shehla , Abbas Zaigham , Ur Rehman Shafiq 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is the major causative agent of mastitis among dairy animals as it causes intramammary gland infection. Due to antibiotic resistance and contamination of antibiotics in the milk of diseased animals; alternative therapeutic agents are required to cure mastitis. Lytic bacteriophages and their gene products can be potential therapeutic agents against bacteria as they are host specific and less harmful than antibiotics. In this study, Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from milk samples of the infected animals and identified biochemically. SA phage was isolated from sewage water showing lytic activity against Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The highest lytic activity of bacteriophages was observed at 37°C and pH 7, and the most suitable storage condition was at 4°C. SA phage efficiently reduced bacterial growth in the bacterial reduction assay. The characterization and bacterial growth reduction activity of the bacteriophages against Staphylococcus aureus signifies their underlying potential of phage therapy against mastitis.
Log-likelihood and odds ratio: Keyness statistics for different purposes of keyword analysis
Authors: Pojanapunya Punjaporn , Watson Todd Richard 
Published: April 2016

AbstractKeyword analysis is used in a range of sub-disciplines of applied linguistics from genre analyses to critically-oriented studies for different purposes ranging from producing a general characterization of a genre to identifying text-specific ideological issues. This study compares the use of log-likelihood (LL), a probability statistic, and odds ratio (OR), an effect size statistic, for keyword identification and argues that the two methods produce different keywords applicable to research focusing on different purposes. Through two case studies, keyword analyses of advance fee scams against the British National Corpus and research articles in applied linguistics against research articles from other academic disciplines, we show that both the LL and OR keywords concern the aboutness of the corpus, but differ in their specificity and pervasiveness through the corpus. LL highlights words which are relatively common in general use serving genre purposes, whereas OR highlights more specialized words serving critically-oriented purposes. Methodological and practical contributions to keyword analysis are discussed.
Curves and surfaces with constant nonlocal mean curvature: Meeting Alexandrov and Delaunay
Authors: Cabré Xavier , Fall Mouhamed Moustapha , Solà-Morales Joan , Weth Tobias 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We are concerned with hypersurfaces of

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

with constant nonlocal (or fractional) mean curvature.
This is the equation associated to critical points of the fractional perimeter under a volume constraint.
Our results are twofold. First we prove the nonlocal analogue of the Alexandrov result characterizing
spheres as the only closed embedded hypersurfaces in

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

with constant mean curvature.
Here we use the moving planes method. Our second result establishes the existence of periodic bands
or “cylinders” in

ℝ
2

{\mathbb{R}^{2}}

with constant nonlocal mean curvature and bifurcating from
a straight band. These are Delaunay-type bands in the nonlocal setting. Here we use a Lyapunov–Schmidt
procedure for a quasilinear type fractional elliptic equation.
Fragilität der Macht
Authors: Hennig Christoph 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes – as in William Shakespeare’s historical dramas – even the most powerful individuals can never be sure of their power. Fundamentally, power is grounded in imagination. It refers to the future, not to the present time; but the future is, in Hobbes’ own words, “a fiction of the mind”. Moreover, in a circular process, power rests on the “reputation of power”; it is based on social recognition. For both reasons, individual power is fragile, bringing about an undercurrent of fear. Following Hobbes’ approach, these characteristics may consistently be applied to the concept of money. This paper argues that by conceiving power on a very abstract level, Hobbes might have unintentionally developed the fundamentals of a theory of money as the dominant power in the emerging capitalist society.
The Importance of Improving The Competitiveness of The SMEEs for Development of The Economy of Republic of Serbia
Authors: Kostadinović Ivana , Petrović-Ranđelović Marija 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The results of numerous investigations carried out show that the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurship (SMEEs) represent a significant driving force of economic development of each country and that it is a potential generator of entrepreneurial ideas and innovations. With the intensification of the process of transition after 2000, SMEEs has become a bearer of economic growth and employment and grown into the most dynamic and most efficient segment of the economy of the Republic of Serbia. However, these companies still face many problems in business which is only further underlined by the global financial and economic crisis. The low level of competitiveness of this sector in the Republic of Serbia represents an important limitation of its future development. The main competitive advantage of every modern company accented in its ability to innovate. The advantage of SMEEs, among many others, is reflected in innovation. In general, SMEEs due to their flexibility, as well as a homogeneous structure having a good and an important prerequisite to develop innovation and thus enhance market competitiveness. Regarding their flexibility, it is particularly evident in periods of slow or stagnant economic activity and crises. Therefore, the main direction of development of the SME sector is an innovative approach to real market needs. Providing that, the aim of this paper is to contribute to a clearer understanding of the role and importance of SMEEs for economic development of the Republic of Serbia, as well as to point out the importance of improving the competitiveness and innovativeness of this sector bodies for the future economic development of the national economy.
Mendelian Randomization using Public Data from Genetic Consortia
Authors: Thompson John R. , Minelli Cosetta , Del Greco M Fabiola 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a technique that seeks to establish causation between an exposure and an outcome using observational data. It is an instrumental variable analysis in which genetic variants are used as the instruments. Many consortia have meta-analysed genome-wide associations between variants and specific traits and made their results publicly available. Using such data, it is possible to derive genetic risk scores for one trait and to deduce the association of that same risk score with a second trait. The properties of this approach are investigated by simulation and by evaluating the potentially causal effect of birth weight on adult glucose level. In such analyses, it is important to decide whether one is interested in the risk score based on a set of estimated regression coefficients or the score based on the true underlying coefficients. MR is primarily concerned with the latter. Methods designed for the former question will under-estimate the variance if used for MR. This variance can be corrected but it needs to be done with care to avoid introducing bias. MR based on public data sources is useful and easy to perform, but care must be taken to avoid false precision or bias.
“A rather small genre”: Arabic Works Against Non-Muslim State Officials
Authors: Yarbrough Luke 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:Muslim authors composed a number of polemics against the employment of non-Muslim state officials in thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Egypt and Syria. This essay argues that the majority of these works drew directly or indirectly on a previously unremarked sixth/twelfth century common source. Although the common source cannot yet be securely identified, its existence and influence have significant implications for historians’ understanding of interreligious tensions in late medieval Egypt and Syria and for the
Vicissitudes of a Holy Place: Construction, Destruction and Commemoration of Mashhad Ḥusayn in Ascalon
Authors: Talmon-Heller Daniella , Kedar Benjamin Z. , Reiter Yitzhak 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:This article follows the transmutations of narratives, material structures and rituals focused on Mashhad Ḥusayn. It begins with the alleged discovery of the head of the martyred grandson of the Prophet by the Ismāʿīlī Fāṭimids at the end of the eleventh century in Ascalon, spans the millennium and ends with the recent revival of pilgrimage to the site, dominated by tourists affiliated with the Bohra Dāʾūdiyya. It is based on medieval and modern historical, ethnographical and geographical accounts, hagiography, epigraphy, archaeology, travelers’ and pilgrims’ itineraries, state and military archives, maps, photographs and oral accounts. The establishment of the shrine in Ascalon, the transferal of the relic to Cairo and the visitation of the site under the Sunni Ayyubids, Mamluks and Ottomans are studied in their political and religious contexts. The final part of the article explores the development of a Palestinian popular celebration (