bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical presentation and spectrum of neuroimaging findings in newborn infants with incontinentia pigmenti
Authors: Soltirovska Salamon Aneta , Lichtenbelt Klaske , Cowan Frances M , Casaer Alexandra , Dudink Jeroen , Dereymaeker Anneleen , Paro‐Panjan Darja , Groenendaal Floris , de Vries Linda S 
Published: April 2016

AimTo report on the neurological presentation and neuroimaging findings in newborn infants with incontinentia pigmenti.MethodThe clinical and neurological course including neuroimaging and follow‐up data of eight newborn infants with the neurological phenotype of incontinentia pigmenti were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsWhile the clinical picture was polymorphic, the neurological manifestations were defined as encephalopathic and comprised lethargy and seizures in all but one of the infants. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities were predominantly in the white matter. Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) was obtained during the acute phase in seven of the eight infants, showing restricted diffusion in the deep and subcortical white matter but also in the corpus callosum, basal ganglia, thalami, cerebellum, and cerebral peduncles. Susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI), performed in five infants, showed a variable amount of signal loss, mainly in the white matter, within areas of restricted diffusion. Extensive MRI abnormalities in newborn infants were followed by abnormal neurodevelopment, with significant motor, cognitive, and/or visual problems.InterpretationTo assess the extent of central nervous system involvement, MRI is recommended in the clinical evaluation of infants with incontinentia pigmenti. They have a characteristic pattern of brain lesions seen on MRI, best recognized using DWI and SWI in the acute neonatal phase, which allow the identification of and distinction between ischaemic and haemorrhagic lesions.
Sex allocation and the evolution of insemination capacity under local mate competition
Authors: Martel V. , Shuker D.M. , Boulton R.A. , Damiens D. , Boivin G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLocal mate competition (LMC) theory has proved enormously successful in predicting sex ratios across a broad range of organisms when localised mating patches lead to mating competition amongst kin. As such, LMC is a key component of sex allocation theory. However, the mating systems that influence and promote LMC also shape other traits, as well as sex allocation. These aspects of LMC mating systems have received far less attention, including in species where LMC is common, such as parasitoid wasps. Here, we consider how LMC influences the evolution of insemination capacity in parasitoids, a key reproductive allocation decision for males that should be under both natural and sexual selection. Basic LMC theory predicts that a single female exploiting a patch should produce just enough sons to inseminate all her daughters, that is, between them these sons should have sufficient insemination capacity to inseminate their sisters. However, the insemination capacity of males is generally higher than predicted and, in order to classify parasitoid species, we propose an Index of Insemination Strategy (IIS): the ratio between the insemination capacity of males on the emergence patch and the average number of females available per male at emergence on that patch. A survey of IIS for 25 species belonging to 10 hymenopteran families showed that IIS values ranged from 0.9 to 40.9, supporting the idea that males typically have more sperm than predicted. Several factors could explain these high IIS values, including non‐local mating, temporal variation in emergence, variation in mate acquisition capacity, the intensity of sperm competition, and responses to host quality.
Individual placement and support, supported education in young people with mental illness: an exploratory feasibility study
Authors: Killackey Eóin , Allott Kelly , Woodhead Gina , Connor Sue , Dragon Susan , Ring Judy 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of adapting individual placement and support (IPS) to education for young people presenting to a tertiary mental health service who wished to re‐engage with or be supported in their education.MethodsThe study was an uncontrolled trial. Twenty young people with severe mental illness were recruited and worked with an educational specialist providing adapted IPS for education (IPSed). Demographic, educational and symptom measures were collected at baseline. Educational outcome was collected at the end of the 6‐month intervention. Data presented are descriptive.ResultsIndividual placement and support for education was found to be feasible with 95% of the participants successfully completing the intervention. Eighteen of the 19 who participated through to the conclusion of the intervention achieved positive educational outcomes.ConclusionsIt is well established that education is the foundation of career, but many people with mental illness drop out of their education with the onset of illness in adolescence or early adulthood. There has been a dearth of interventions to reconnect people with mental illness to secondary education and training. This study demonstrates that it is feasible to adapt IPS to focus exclusively on education at the outset of illness. Further larger studies are needed to confirm these results and create an evidence base for implementation of IPSed in routine practice for the treatment of early stage mental illness.
Eclipse of the Constitution {Europe Nouveau Siècle}
Authors: Niglia Leone 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Court of Justice of the European Union has come to adopt a peculiar mode of balancing, revolving around a set of ‘general principles of law’, which results in key social rights at the core of the postwar constitutional settlement no longer being sheltered from review by reference to supranational economic freedoms. It is submitted that this does not only imply a kind of ideological restyling of European law, as noted in the literature but, more fundamentally, the erosion of Europe's composite constitutional architecture (at once European and national) resulting from playing down social rights qua ‘constitutional essentials’. As the new jurisprudence ‘obscures’ Europe's constitutional constellation, it is submitted that the Court should rule under the constitution and not over it.
Communicating with parents of obese children: which channels are most effective?
Authors: Randle Melanie , Okely Anthony D. , Dolnicar Sara 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundOne of the strategies proven most successful in curbing rising rates of childhood obesity involves targeting parents as agents of change. Prior studies have focused on what messages to communicate, but few have investigated how they should be communicated.ObjectiveTo identify the channels most effective for communicating with parents of overweight and obese children and understand whether their use of parenting information sources differs from others in the community.Design/settingThis study utilizes data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Families were included if weight and height information was available for parents and children at three data collection points: Waves 1, 2 and 4 (collected 2004, 2006 and 2010, respectively, n = 5107).AnalysisA priori and a posteriori segmentation methods identified groups of parents that were similar in the sources used to obtain information about parenting, and examined whether some segments were more likely to have obese children.ResultsFour segments were identified that differed in their information source use: the ‘personal networks’, ‘books’, ‘official sources’ and ‘mixed approach’ segments. The ‘official sources’ and ‘mixed approach’ segments were most likely to have obese children, and they used doctors, government/community organizations and friends to obtain information on parenting. These segments were also less educated and had lower employment.ConclusionsMessages are most likely to reach families with obese children if communicated through doctors, government publications and community organizations. Further, messages targeting social groupings of parents will leverage the power of advice from friends, which is another valuable information source for this group.
Defining ‘quality’ from the patient's perspective: findings from focus groups with Medicaid beneficiaries and implications for public reporting
Authors: Theis Ryan P. , Stanford Jevetta C. , Goodman J. Robyn , Duke Lisa L. , Shenkman Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundWith an increased emphasis on patient‐centred outcomes and research, investigators seek to understand aspects of health care that are most important to patients. Such information is essential for developing report cards that present health‐care quality information for consumers, which many states are adopting as a strategy to promote consumer choice.ObjectiveThis study examined the processes that women in Medicaid follow for selecting health plans and explored their definitions of ‘good’ and ‘poor’ quality health care.DesignWe conducted focus groups with Medicaid beneficiaries in four Texas communities, using quota sampling to ensure representation of different racial/ethnic, eligibility and geographic groups.ResultsWe conducted 22 focus groups with 102 participants between October 2012 and January 2013. In a free‐list exercise, ‘doctors’ represented the most important aspect of health care to participants, followed by cost, attention, coverage and respect. Discussions of health‐care quality revealed an even mix of structural factors (e.g. timeliness) and interpersonal factors (e.g. communication), although few differences were observed by beneficiary characteristics. Participants linked themes in their overall framing of ‘quality’ – revealing processes of care that affect health outcomes (e.g. discontinuity of care resulting from poor communication with providers) and which were often mediated by advocate providers who assisted patients experiencing barriers to services.Discussion and conclusionsFindings support other studies that highlight the importance of the patient–provider relationship. Patient‐centred definitions of health‐care quality can complement predominant provider‐centred conceptual frameworks and better inform initiatives for public reporting of quality measures in these populations.
Self‐harm in nurses: prevalence and correlates
Authors: Cheung Teris , Yip Paul S.F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to examine the weighed prevalence of self‐harm and its correlates among Hong Kong nurses.BackgroundRecent epidemiological data suggest that the weighted prevalence of past‐year suicidality among Hong Kong nurses was found to be 14·9%. Deliberate self‐harm was a significant correlate of suicidality. Nonetheless, there are few population‐based studies exploring the prevalence of self‐harm and its correlates among medical occupational groups in Asia.DesignThe study uses a cross‐sectional survey design.MethodData were collected in Hong Kong over a four‐week period from October–November 2013. Statistical methods, including binary and multivariate logistic regression models, were used to examine the weighted prevalence of self‐harm and its associated factors in nurses.ResultsA total of 850 nurses participated in the study. Seventy‐nine participants (9·3%) reported self‐harm in the past year. Nurses aged between 25‐44 were at especially high risk of self‐harm. Female nurses reported self‐harm more than male nurses. The most common forms of self‐harm were self‐cutting, striking oneself and poisoning oneself. Clinical experience, chronic illness, relationship crises with family members, a family history of self‐harm, smoking, symptoms of stress and psychiatric disorder were significantly associated with nurses’ self‐harm. The positive correlation between psychiatric disorder and self‐harm was confirmed.ConclusionsThere is a need for a raft of self‐harm prevention strategies, including a continuous monitoring system in the healthcare setting detecting and managing the risks of self‐harm in nurses as part of the ordinary provision for their well‐being.
Intervention effects on spoken‐language outcomes for children with autism: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hampton L. H. , Kaiser A. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough spoken‐language deficits are not core to an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, many children with ASD do present with delays in this area. Previous meta‐analyses have assessed the effects of intervention on reducing autism symptomatology, but have not determined if intervention improves spoken language. This analysis examines the effects of early interventions on spoken‐language in children with ASD.MethodA systematic review of 1756 studies of children with ASD who participated in early intervention resulted in the inclusion of 26 studies in the current review. These studies included 1738 participants with ASD who were, on average, 3.3 years old (SD = 0.91).ResultsThis random‐effects meta‐analysis of spoken‐language outcomes for children with ASD who received early intervention as compared with usual treatments yielded a significant overall mean effect size of g = 0.26 (CI = 0.11 to 0.42). On average, children with ASD significantly increased their use of spoken‐language following experimental early interventions. Treatments delivered simultaneously by a clinician and a parent resulted in greater gains in spoken‐language than treatments delivered by a clinician or parent only. No other participant or study characteristics predicted individual‐study effect sizes.ConclusionsEarly intervention improves spoken‐language outcomes for children with ASD, and the largest effects are found when both parent and clinician implement the intervention. Recommendations for practice include adding systematic parent training to interventions for spoken language to potentially improve outcomes. Future research should report standard language measures as well as child (cognitive ability and socio‐economic status) and intervention characteristics to improve evidence related to the effects of interventions on spoken communication in children with ASD.
Examining the social participation of children and adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder in relation to peers
Authors: Taheri A. , Perry A. , Minnes P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundParticipation in social and physical activities has a number of benefits for children with or without disabilities. However, individuals with disabilities are often excluded from taking part in social activities. Most of the research on activity participation has focused on adults or youth with milder disabilities. However, children and adolescents with severe and complex needs, including those with autism, are often excluded from this type of research because of their complexities and level of functioning. Thus, we examined the social participation and friendships of children and adolescents with severe developmental disabilities, with and without autism, compared with peers without developmental disabilities.MethodsWe compared the activity participation and friendships of typically developing children (n = 210), children with an intellectual disability (ID only; n = 186), and children with autism spectrum disorder plus intellectual disability (ID + ASD; n = 232) between the ages of 3 and 19 years. Parents of these children completed a survey, which included questions about their children's participation in six activities, and the number and quality of their children's friendships.ResultsChildren and adolescents with ID only and ID + ASD were reported to participate in significantly fewer activities and to participate much less frequently than typically developing peers. Those with ID only and ID + ASD were reported to have fewer friends and poorer quality of friendships. In addition, those with ID + ASD participated even less frequently in some activities and had fewer friends relative to those with ID only.ConclusionIt is important to find ways to increase the social and activity participation of children and adolescents with ID only and ID + ASD. Future research should examine the barriers to such participation and factors that impact social participation in this population.
Objective assessment of mastication predominance in healthy dentate subjects and patients with unilateral posterior missing teeth
Authors: Yamasaki Y. , Kuwatsuru R. , Tsukiyama Y. , Oki K. , Koyano K. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryWe aimed to investigate mastication predominance in healthy dentate individuals and patients with unilateral posterior missing teeth using objective and subjective methods. The sample comprised 50 healthy dentate individuals (healthy dentate group) and 30 patients with unilateral posterior missing teeth (partially edentulous group). Subjects were asked to freely chew three kinds of test foods (peanuts, beef jerky and chewing gum). Electromyographic activity of the bilateral masseter muscles was recorded. The chewing side (right side or left side) was judged by the level of root mean square electromyographic amplitude. Mastication predominance was then objectively assessed using the mastication predominant score and the mastication predominant index. Self‐awareness of mastication predominance was evaluated using a modified visual analogue scale. Mastication predominance scores of the healthy dentate and partially edentulous groups for each test food were analysed. There was a significant difference in the distribution of the mastication predominant index between the two groups (P < 0·05). The mastication predominant score was weakly correlated with self‐awareness of mastication predominance in the healthy dentate group, whereas strong correlation was observed in the partially edentulous group (P < 0·05). The results suggest that the individuals with missing unilateral posterior teeth exhibited greater mastication predominance and were more aware of mastication predominance than healthy dentate individuals. Our findings suggest that an objective evaluation of mastication predominance is more precise than a subjective method.
Fluid Intake and Cognitive Performance: Should Schoolchildren Drink During Lessons?
Authors: Fuchs Tanja , Lührmann Petra , Simpson Faith , Dohnke Birte 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEvidence suggests that an insufficient fluid intake impairs cognitive performance. Drinking policies at schools—especially drinking during lessons—is a point of controversy. To provide a scientific base for this debate, more empirical evidence is needed on which aspects of fluid intake are crucial for cognitive performance. This study makes a contribution by investigating associations between quantitative and temporal aspects of fluid intake and cognitive performance in everyday school life.METHODSThe study comprised 125 children (age: mean = 10.98 years, SD = 0.38). Amount of fluid intake and time span between fluid intake and completion of cognitive tests were determined on basis of self‐reports. Cognitive performance was assessed by standardized tests.RESULTSQuantitative and temporal aspects were associated with cognitive performance: The more fluid the children consumed and the shorter the time span between their last fluid intake and test completion, the better they performed.CONCLUSIONSThe amount of fluid intake should be adequate and moreover the time span between intake and cognitive efforts should be as short as possible. Schoolchildren are thus recommended to drink at regular intervals and also during lessons.
The U.S. Consumers' Acceptability and Emotion Measures when Consuming Novel Korean Traditional Non‐Alcoholic Beverages
Authors: Yoon Eunju , Kim Juyoung , Lee Jeehyun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine how U.S. consumers perceive 6 Korean traditional beverages (Bokbunja, Hongsaam, Korean date, Omija, Sansuyu and Yuja) and to find out the influence of extrinsic information (name, nutritional information, picture of raw material and stories related to each sample) on acceptability, liking and intensity appropriateness of sweetness and bitterness, and emotion when consuming novel beverages. Bokbunja, Yuja and Korean date were samples received high acceptability, had adequate intensity of sweetness and bitterness, and evoked positive emotions. When the extrinsic information of the samples was provided, acceptability of all six samples tended to increase. Percentage of consumers who perceived the intensity of sweetness and bitterness of products as “just about right” increased when evaluated the samples in the informed condition. Also principal component analysis (PCA) biplot of emotions revealed the influence of information during evaluation. When tested in the informed condition, samples evoked relatively positive emotion compare to samples tested in the blind condition. The disliked products showed the greater increase of acceptability from the blind to the informed conditions.Practical ApplicationsThere is not much research conducted to evaluate acceptability of Korean traditional beverages with foreign consumers. In our study, we used these traditional beverages, which were still novel to U.S. consumers, and measured overall acceptability, liking and intensity appropriateness of sweetness and bitterness, and emotion using EsSense Profile™. Among six beverage samples we used, three samples (Bokbunja, Yuja and Korean date) received positive scores for all measurements. Also by comparing the results of evaluations conducted in blind and informed conditions, importance of information when evaluating the samples was shown. Our work provided the basis of launching favored Korean traditional beverage products in the U.S. market and demonstrated importance of the information when introducing the novel products to consumers.
Cloning and characterization of the serotonin N‐acetyltransferase‐2 gene (SNAT2) in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Byeon Yeong , Lee Hyoung Yool , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe penultimate enzyme in melatonin synthesis is serotonin N‐acetyltransferase (SNAT), which exists as a single copy in mammals and plants. Our recent studies of the Arabidopsis snat‐knockout mutant and SNAT RNAi rice (Oryza sativa) plants predicted the presence of at least one other SNAT isogene in plants; that is, the snat‐knockout mutant of Arabidopsis and the SNAT RNAi rice plants still produced melatonin, even in the absence or the suppression of SNAT expression. Here, we report a molecular cloning of an SNAT isogene (OsSNAT2) from rice. The mature amino acid sequences of SNAT proteins indicated that OsSNAT2 and OsSNAT1 proteins had 39% identity values and 60% similarity. The Km and Vmax values of the purified recombinant OsSNAT2 were 371 μm and 4700 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively; the enzyme's optimal activity temperature was 45°C. Confocal microscopy showed that the OsSNAT2 protein was localized to both the cytoplasm and chloroplasts. The in vitro enzyme activity of OsSNAT2 was severely inhibited by melatonin, but the activities of sheep SNAT (OaSNAT) and rice OsSNAT1 proteins were not. The enzyme activity of OsSNAT2 was threefold higher than that of OsSNAT1, but 232‐fold lower than that of OaSNAT. The OsSNAT1 and OsSNAT2 transcripts were similarly suppressed in rice leaves during the melatonin induction after cadmium treatment. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that OsSNAT1 and OsSNAT2 are distantly related, suggesting that they evolved independently from Cyanobacteria prior to the endosymbiosis event.