bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface water CO2 concentration influences phytoplankton production but not community composition across boreal lakes
Authors: Vogt Richard J. , St‐Gelais Nicolas F. , Bogard Matthew J. , Beisner Beatrix E. , del Giorgio Paul A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecent experimental evidence suggests that changes in the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), in concert with nutrient fertilisation, may result in increased primary production and shifted phytoplankton community composition that favours species lacking adaptations to low CO2 environments. It is not clear whether these results apply in ambient freshwaters, which are already often supersaturated in CO2, and where phytoplankton structure and activity are under complex control of diverse local and regional factors. Here, we use a large‐scale comparative study of 69 boreal lakes to explore the influence of existing CO2 gradients (c. 50–2300 μatm) on phytoplankton community composition and biomass production. While community composition did not respond to pCO2 gradients, gross primary production was enhanced, but only in lakes already supersaturated in CO2, demonstrating that environmental context is key in determining pCO2–phytoplankton interactions. We further argue that increased atmospheric CO2 is unlikely to influence phytoplanktonic composition and production in northern lakes.
Expression of inflammatory and structural matrix genes in synovial fluid following intra‐articular administration of isoflupredone acetate to exercised horses
Authors: Knych H. K. , Harrison L. , Chouicha N. , Kass P. H. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundIntra‐articular use of corticosteroids is commonplace in performance horses. Isoflupredone acetate (IPA) is one of four Food and Drug Administration approved corticosteroids for intra‐articular use in horses. The lack of published reports describing the efficacy and duration of effects of this drug warrant further study.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of intra‐articular administration ofIPAon the expression of selected anti‐ and pro‐inflammatory and structural matrix genes following intra‐articular administration to exercised Thoroughbred horses and to correlate these effects with drug concentrations.Study designBlock design in vivo experiment.MethodsTwelve exercised horses received either a single intra‐articular administration of 8 mg ofIPAor 0.9% saline solution. Synovial fluid samples were collected prior to and up to 42 days post drug administration from the treated joints. Microarray andqRT‐PCRanalysis were used to assess changes in expression levels of various inflammatory and structural genes post drug administration.ResultsOn microarray analysis, 855, 23,358 and 26,411 genes had a measurable fold change (increase or decrease in expression levels) when comparing baseline samples to 24 h, baseline samples to day 7 and 24 h samples to day 7, respectively. Of the genes selected for further study byqRT‐PCRanalysis, expression ofANXA‐1(lipocortin) was significantly increased andIL23AandMMP1 andMMP9 significantly decreased followingIPAadministration. Expression levels of collagen genes were not significantly different from baseline.Main limitationsLimitations include the use of a noninflammatory model as results may differ in the presence of an acute inflammatory insult and the inability to measure protein concentrations of inflammatory mediators due to limited synovial fluid sample volume.ConclusionsExpression relative to baseline, for both inflammatory and matrix genes for up to 42 days postIPAadministration, suggests a prolonged effect relative to detection time in both plasma and synovial fluid.
Ultrasonographic screening for subclinical osteochondrosis of the femoral trochlea in foals (28–166 days old): a prospective farm study
Authors: Martel G. , Crowley D. , Olive J. , Halley J. , Laverty S. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundExtensive osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the lateral ridge of the trochlea of the femur (LRTF), the most common OCD‐affected site in the stifle, have a poor outcome with surgical debridement and can be career ending. The early detection of osteochondrosis lesions and their conservative management holds the promise to enhance outcome. We hypothesise that ultrasonography is a valuable field screening tool to detect and monitor early subclinical LRTF osteochondrosis.ObjectivesThe goals were to 1) describe the normal ultrasonographic features of the LRTF in foals of different ages and 2) screen a foal cohort at the farm for early subclinical osteochondrosis lesions.Study designProspective cohort study.MethodsThe LRTF of both hindlimbs of Thoroughbred foals (n = 46, 27–166 days old) were imaged once with ultrasonography and radiography (lateromedial and caudolateral‐craniomedial oblique views). Cartilage thickness, ossification front indentation of the chondro‐osseous junction and epiphyseal vascularisation were assessed on ultrasonography. Follow‐up radiographs were taken as yearlings.ResultsThe cartilage thickness, ossification front indentation and epiphyseal vascularisation significantly decreased with advancing maturity. Subclinical osteochondrosis lesions, characterised by semicircular indentations in the ossification front (indirect evidence of focal failure of ossification and retained cartilage) were detected in six foals (28–145 days old), both with radiography and ultrasonography. Ultrasonography provided a better overall subjective assessment of the osteochondrosis lesion topography (length, depth and the width) compared with radiography.Main limitationsPost‐mortem validation of lesions was not possible.ConclusionUltrasonography of the LRTF is a practical, inexpensive and reliable technique to discriminate physiological from pathological events at the LRTF in young foals. It revealed the complex topography of the chondro‐osseous junction permitting a rapid, comprehensive assessment of the subclinical osteochondrosis lesions in very young foals.
Dominant stakeholders, activity and accountability discharge in the CSO sector
Authors: Cordery Carolyn J. , Sim Dalice 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCivil society organisations (CSOs) comprise a diverse range of associations, including non‐governmental organisations (NGOs), community groups, political parties and social networks. Nevertheless, despite heterogeneity, regulators, funders and donors often treat CSOs as homogeneous when demanding accountability. This paper highlights differences in to whom CSOs across different categories (or types) perceive themselves to be accountable, what for and the different practices they undertake to discharge accountability. It calls for stakeholders to acknowledge diversity in accountability across different CSO types. This survey‐based research finds CSOs weight upwards and downwards stakeholders equally, and undertake voluminous reporting. They would benefit from negotiating multiple‐use mechanisms, especially with dominant stakeholders. In combining stakeholder and accountability theory, the research highlights specific CSO types needing further study.
Polyphenol composition and antioxidant capacity in pulp and peel of apricot fruits of various varieties and maturity stages at harvest
Authors: Fan Xinguang , Jiao Wenxiao , Wang Xiaomei , Cao Jiankang , Jiang Weibo 
Published: October 2017

SummaryPolyphenol composition and antioxidant capacities of peel and pulp tissues of six apricot varieties were determined. Variations in polyphenol and antioxidant capacity based on variety (early‐maturing varieties and late‐maturing varieties) and harvest maturity (green mature and full mature) were assessed. The results of principal component analysis revealed that (+)‐catechin made the most important contributions to the antioxidant capacities of the pulp. As the (+)‐catechin content in ‘Dajie’ apricot decreased by 36.8% from green mature to full mature, the antioxidant capacities determined by ABTS free radical scavenging assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity assay decreased by 50.0%, 45.2% and 45.8%, respectively. Levels of phenolic compounds in the apricot peels were approximately 2–4 times higher than those of the pulps. Quercetin‐3‐rutinoside may be substantially responsible for the antioxidant capacities of the peels. The late‐maturing varieties tended to have higher levels of phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant capacities than the early‐maturing varieties. The antioxidant capacities in green mature apricots were much higher than those of full mature apricots.
Co‐responding police–mental health programmes: Service user experiences and outcomes in a large urban centre
Authors: Lamanna Denise , Shapiro Gilla K. , Kirst Maritt , Matheson Flora I. , Nakhost Arash , Stergiopoulos Vicky 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAs police officers are often the first responders to mental health crises, a number of approaches have emerged to support skilled police crisis responses. One such approach is the police–mental health co‐responding team model, whereby mental health nurses and police officers jointly respond to mental health crises in the community. In the present mixed‐method study, we evaluated outcomes of co‐responding team interactions at a large Canadian urban centre by analysing administrative data for 2743 such interactions, and where comparison data were available, compared them to 16 226 police‐only team responses. To understand service user experiences, we recruited 15 service users for in‐depth qualitative interviews, and completed inductive thematic analysis. Co‐responding team interactions had low rates of injury and arrest, and compared to police‐only teams, co‐responding teams had higher overall rates of escorts to hospital, but lower rates of involuntary escorts. Co‐responding teams also spent less time on hospital handovers than police‐only teams. Service users valued responders with mental health knowledge and verbal de‐escalation skills, as well as a compassionate, empowering, and non‐criminalizing approach. Current findings suggest that co‐responding teams could be a useful component of existing crisis‐response systems.
Varieties of workplace dualisation: a study of agency work in the German automotive industry
Authors: Benassi Chiara 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article investigates the variation in workplace arrangements on agency work across four German automotive plants. The plants differ in terms of the proportion of agency workers, the length of their assignment, their function and their wage level compared with the permanent workforce. The article explores how the interaction between national‐level deregulation, workplace power resources and the local political and economic context affects the bargaining outcomes achieved by works councils. Findings rely on interviews with human resource managers and labour representatives at workplace and sectoral level.
Assessing the Effects of European Union Funding of Civil Society Organizations: Money for Nothing?
Authors: Persson Thomas , Edholm Kajsa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study investigates whether the European Union's funding of civil society organizations (CSOs) can foster equal access to existing channels of participation. This is analyzed by using data from 7,889 CSOs that are registered in the EU Transparency Register. Two criteria should be met for funding to combat inequalities among CSOs: the funding must support underrepresented interests, and it must increase their participation in the policy process. The results of a logistic regression analysis show that the Commission's funding scheme does support underrepresented interests but makes participation more unequal by also supporting already overrepresented groups. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the probability of a CSO having access to formal channels of participation significantly increases if it has received funding. The conclusion is that funding could be used more efficiently if the Commission were to consistently support underrepresented interests.
Heritability and social brood effects on personality in juvenile and adult life‐history stages in a wild passerine
Authors: Winney I. S. , Schroeder J. , Nakagawa S. , Hsu Y.‐H. , Simons M. J. P. , Sánchez‐Tójar A. , Mannarelli M.‐E. , Burke T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHow has evolution led to the variation in behavioural phenotypes (personalities) in a population? Knowledge of whether personality is heritable, and to what degree it is influenced by the social environment, is crucial to understanding its evolutionary significance, yet few estimates are available from natural populations. We tracked three behavioural traits during different life‐history stages in a pedigreed population of wild house sparrows. Using a quantitative genetic approach, we demonstrated heritability in adult exploration, and in nestling activity after accounting for fixed effects, but not in adult boldness. We did not detect maternal effects on any traits, but we did detect a social brood effect on nestling activity. Boldness, exploration and nestling activity in this population did not form a behavioural syndrome, suggesting that selection could act independently on these behavioural traits in this species, although we found no consistent support for phenotypic selection on these traits. Our work shows that repeatable behaviours can vary in their heritability and that social context influences personality traits. Future efforts could separate whether personality traits differ in heritability because they have served specific functional roles in the evolution of the phenotype or because our concept of personality and the stability of behaviour needs to be revised.
Secondary Prevention Medication Use After Myocardial Infarction in U.S. Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Zullo Andrew R. , Sharmin Sadia , Lee Yoojin , Daiello Lori A. , Shah Nishant R. , John Boscardin W. , Dore David D. , Lee Sei J. , Steinman Michael A. 
Published: October 2017

Background/ObjectivesSecondary prevention medications are recommended for older adults after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but little is known about whether nursing home (NH) residents receive these medications. The objective was to evaluate new use of secondary prevention medications after AMI in NH residents who were previously nonusers and to evaluate what factors were associated with use.DesignRetrospective cohort using linked national Minimum Data Set assessments; Online Survey, Certification and Reporting records; and Medicare claims.SettingU.S. NHs.ParticipantsNational cohort of 11,192 NH residents aged 65 and older who were hospitalized for an AMI between May 2007 and March 2010, had no beta‐blocker or statin use for 4 months or longer before the hospitalization, and survived 14 days or more after NH readmission.MeasurementsThe outcome was the number of secondary prevention medications initiated within 30 days of NH readmission.ResultsThirty‐seven percent of residents had no secondary prevention medications initiated after AMI, 41% had 1 initiated, and 22% had 2 initiated. After covariate adjustment, fewer secondary prevention medications were used in older residents (proportional odds ratio (POR) = 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.40–0.57 for ≥95 vs 65–74); women (POR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80–0.96);and those with a do‐not‐resuscitate (DNR) order (POR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.83–0.98), functional impairment (dependent or totally dependent vs independent to limited assistance, POR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.69–0.86), and cognitive impairment (moderate to severe vs no impairment, POR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.70–0.89).ConclusionMore than one‐third of older NH residents in the United States do not have any secondary prevention medications initiated after AMI, with fewer medications initiated in older residents; women; and those with, DNR orders, poor physical function, and cognitive impairment. A lack of evidence about the safety and effectiveness of secondary preventions medications in the NH population and unmeasured person‐centered goals of care are plausible explanations for these findings.
Acute appendicitis
Authors: Stringer Mark D 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAcute appendicitis is the most common reason for abdominal surgery in children. Luminal obstruction of the appendix progresses to suppurative inflammation and perforation, which causes generalised peritonitis or an appendix mass/abscess. Classical features include periumbilical pain that migrates to the right iliac fossa, anorexia, fever, and tenderness and guarding in the right iliac fossa. Atypical presentations are particularly common in preschool children. A clinical diagnosis is possible in most cases, after a period of active observation if necessary; inflammatory markers and an ultrasound scan are useful investigations when the diagnosis is uncertain. Treatment is by appendicectomy after appropriate fluid resuscitation, analgesia and intravenous antibiotics. Laparoscopic appendicectomy is better than open appendicectomy in most cases because it is associated with less postoperative pain and a shorter hospital stay, but recovery after acute appendicitis is mostly dictated by whether the appendix was perforated or not. Management of the appendix mass remains controversial and not all affected children need an interval appendicectomy. This article discusses tips and pitfalls in diagnosis and addresses many of the controversies that surround the management of this condition.
Investigation of the effect of astaxanthin on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis
Authors: Balci Yuce H. , Lektemur Alpan A. , Gevrek F. , Toker H. 
Published: October 2017

Background and ObjectiveAstaxanthin is a keto‐carotenoid that has a strong antioxidant effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of astaxanthin on alveolar bone loss and histopathological changes in ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats.Material and methodsWistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: non‐ligated (C, n = 6); ligature only (L, n = 6); ligature and astaxanthin (1 mg/kg/day astaxanthin, AS1 group, n = 8); ligature and astaxanthin (5 mg/kg/day astaxanthin, AS5 group, n = 8). Silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin of lower first molars of the mandibular quadrant. The study duration was 11 days and the animals were killed at the end of this period. Changes in alveolar bone levels were clinically measured and tissues were immunohistochemically examined, osteocalcin, bone morphogenic protein‐2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, Bax and bcl‐2 levels in alveolar bone and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive osteoclast cells, osteoblast and inflammatory cell counts were determined.ResultsAlveolar bone loss was highest in the L group and the differences among the L, AS1 and AS5 groups were also significant (P < .05). Both doses of astaxanthin decreased tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive+ osteoclast cell and increased osteoblast cell counts (P < .05). The inflammation in the L group was also higher than those of the C and AS1 groups were (P < .05) indicating the anti‐inflammatory effect of astaxanthin. Although inducible nitric oxide synthase, osteocalcin, bone morphogenic protein‐2 and bax staining percentages were all highest in the AS5 group and bcl‐2 staining percentage was highest in the AS1 group, values were close to each other (P > .05).ConclusionWithin the limits of this study, it can be suggested that astaxanthin administration may reduce alveolar bone loss by increasing osteoblastic activity and decrease osteoclastic activity in experimental periodontitis model.
Innovations in Doing Conflict Research: The Legacy of Daniel Druckman
Authors: Beriker Nimet , Allen Susan , Larson Mary Jo , Wagner Lynn 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article celebrates Daniel (Dan) Druckman, the recipient of the 2003 Lifetime Achievement Award of the International Association for Conflict Management (IACM), and provides glimpses of his career through the lens of his former graduate students and current colleagues. Our accounts illustrate Dan's teaching philosophy as teaching by doing, his long‐lasting passion for pragmatic, evidence‐based analysis; his innovative application of research methods; and his international outreach. Each narrated experience demonstrates how Dan's holistic understanding of scholarship and his creative teaching, science, and practice have influenced the next generations of scholars. These accounts are integrated with a systematic analysis of Dan's publications to display his persistence in pushing the boundaries of the field by synthesizing variables, building theories, and bridging micro‐level interactions to the broader political environment. The article concludes with remarks by Daniel Druckman.
Non‐recruitment to and selection bias in studies using echocardiography in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Chiu Diana YY , Green Darren , Abidin Nik , Hughes John , Odudu Aghogho , Sinha Smeeta , Kalra Philip A 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown whether patients recruited to renal cardiac imaging studies are fully representative of the investigated population and whether there are differences in characteristics and survival between participants and non‐participants (excluded or declined consent).Subjects and MethodsFour hundred thirty‐five maintenance haemodialysis patients were screened in an observational, prospective study. Baseline demographics, laboratory results, social deprivation scores and survival data were collected from patient records. All patients were followed‐up until death, renal transplantation or 16 November 2015.ResultsForty‐four patients were excluded (16 language barrier, 10 mental incapacity, 9 severe co‐morbid illness and 9 because of immobility), 172 patients declined consent (84% due to reluctance to attend for an extra visit) and 219 patients were recruited. Excluded patients had a lower mean haemoglobin (10.2 g/dL vs 10.7 g/dL), phosphate (4.15 mg/dL vs 4.74 mg/dL), albumin (3.6 g/dL vs 3.8 g/dL) and higher C‐reactive protein (3.2 mg/dL vs 1.6 mg/dL) compared with recruited patients. No difference was identified between groups for Charleston comorbidity index (P = 0.115) or social deprivation scores. After a median follow‐up of 29.7 (25th–75th percentile, 21.1–34.3) months, there were 141 deaths. In a multivariable Cox regression model adjusting for BMI, age, Charleston comorbidity index, haemoglobin, albumin, smoking status and diabetes mellitus, patients who declined consent had an adjusted HR of 1.70, 95% CI 1.10–2.52, and excluded patients had an adjusted HR of 1.30, 95% CI 0.75–2.25, for all‐cause mortality compared with recruited patients.ConclusionsPatients recruited to the study had longer survival compared with non‐participants. Research studies should document phenotypes of non‐participants to aid interpretation and generalizability of results.