bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical synthesis of NaClO solutions on Ti/Pt electrodes in current reverse mode
Authors: Girenko Dmitry , Murashevych Bohdan , Demchenko Pavlo , Velichenko Alexander 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe synthesis of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) by classical electrolysis of NaCl solutions on a Ti/Pt anode is characterized by parallel formation of undesirable sodium chlorate (NaClO3) impurities. Oxidation of hypochlorite to chlorate with high current efficiency (CE) is realized on the oxidized, passivated Pt surface. On a Pt surface reduced by cathodic polarization, NaClO synthesis can be realized with the CE close to 90% almost without chlorate accumulation. Long‐term electrolysis leads to passivation of the Pt surface.RESULTSElectrolysis while periodically changing the polarity of the electrodes (current reverse mode) increases the time the Pt surface remains in the activated state. Carrying out electrolysis in this way makes it possible to increase CE(NaClO) 1.5–2.0‐fold while simultaneously reducing CE(NaClO3) (sodium chlorate) by ≤10‐fold. This study additionally determined the optimal parameters of reverse electrolysis, examined the effect of changing polarity on the state of the Ti/Pt electrode surface and studied the kinetic patterns of active platinum coating dissolution.CONCLUSIONThe optimal conditions for electrolysis in current reverse mode are current densities of 5–10 mA cm−2 with the period of polarity change close to 30 s. The result of such a process is an isotonic solution containing 500 mg L−1 NaClO with an admixture of <10 mg L−1 NaClO3 and 0.1 mg L−1 Pt in the form of soluble chloride complexes. The rate of Pt accumulation is determined by the frequency of polarity change. The resulting solutions have sufficiently high purity for use in medicine and aerosol air disinfection. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Viral respiratory infections requiring hospitalization in early childhood related to subsequent asthma onset and exacerbation risks
Authors: Ha Eun Kyo , Kim Ju Hee , Han Boeun , Shin Jeewon , Lee Eun , Lee Kee‐Jae , Shin Youn Ho , Han Man Yong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractViral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), including rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus during early childhood, have been linked to subsequent asthma. However, the impact of other respiratory viruses remains unclear. We analyzed nationwide Korean data from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018, utilizing the national health insurance database. Our study focused on 19 169 meticulously selected children exposed to severe respiratory infections requiring hospitalization with documented viral pathogens, matched with 191 690 unexposed children at a ratio of 1:10 using incidence density sampling. Our findings demonstrate that asthma exacerbation rates were higher among the exposed cohort than the unexposed cohort over a mean follow‐up of 7.8 years. We observed elevated risks of asthma exacerbation and newly developed asthma compared to the unexposed cohort. Hospitalization due to rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, metapneumovirus, and adenovirus was related to increased asthma exacerbations. Notably, we found a stronger association in cases of multiple LRTI hospitalizations. In conclusion, our study shows that early childhood respiratory viral infections are related to subsequent asthma exacerbations and new asthma diagnoses.
Enhancing human milk studies: Introducing a less invasive human milk collection technique for the measurement of fatty acids
Authors: Morniroli Daniela , Vizzari Giulia , Turolo Stefano , Syren Eva M. L. , Mazzocchi Alessandra , Milani Gregorio P. , Fumagalli Monica , Giannì Maria L. , Agostoni Carlo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe fatty acid (FA) supply of human milk (HM) contributes to health outcomes. Sampling fresh HM to analyze its FA content is challenging because of its ever‐changing nature. Also, obtaining samples from lactating mothers is challenging. Facilitating HM collection and analysis is therefore an advantage.MethodsWe have conducted a study to validate a new method for obtaining HM samples for FA analysis, using biological fluid sample collection pretreated sheets to adsorb drops of milk (Whatman 903 BHT‐pretreated biological fluid collection sheet) as an alternative approach to collecting expressed milk. The study population included lactating mothers, enrolled between 24 and 96 h after delivery.ResultsA total of 124 breastmilk samples were analyzed using the two distinct approaches. The results of the free milk analysis were comparable to the analysis of adsorbed milk samples. The FA families saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega‐3, and omega‐6 had r2 values of 0.93, 0.91, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.90, respectively. Bland–Altman plots showed a high agreement between fresh and adsorbed milk samples for SFA, MUFA, PUFA, omega‐3, and omega‐6 with a mean bias <2% and 95% limits of agreement within −5% and +5%.ConclusionsThe results show no significant differences in fatty acid composition between fresh and adsorbed milk samples, suggesting the new method is equally effective in collecting representative samples for analysis.
Long‐term gastrointestinal morbidity in patients born with gastroschisis: A national register‐based cohort study
Authors: Caldeman Cecilia , Fogelström Anna , Wester Tomas , Mesas Burgos Carmen , Löf Granström Anna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn gastroschisis, the intestines are exposed to amniotic fluid during pregnancy. The defect in the abdominal wall may also compress the mesentery and impair the intestinal blood supply. There is a varying degree of intestinal damage at birth. Complex gastroschisis is defined as gastroschisis with severe complications such as intestinal atresia, volvulus, necrosis and perforation. The aim of this study was to investigate long‐term gastrointestinal morbidity and compare simple and complex cases.MethodsA nation‐wide retrospective cohort study with data from national registers was conducted. All children born with gastroschisis in Sweden from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2016 were included in the study. Exposure was complex gastroschisis and the primary outcomes were intestinal failure and bowel obstruction.ResultsThe study included 315 cases with gastroschisis, 260 classifieds as simple gastroschisis and 55 as complex. The median time to follow was 8 years. A significantly higher risk of developing intestinal failure (hazard ratio [HR]: 11.7) was found in complex cases. Nine percent of the complex cases underwent autologous gastrointestinal reconstructive surgery for intestinal failure, none of the simple cases did. The complex cases had a higher risk for bowel obstruction (HR: 4.3) with a higher proportion requiring surgery (18.2% vs. 6.9%) compared to simple cases.ConclusionsThis nationwide study showed that the risk for intestinal failure and bowel obstruction is significantly higher for children with complex gastroschisis compared to simple gastroschisis. Most of the events occurred during the first 2 years of life.
Upadacitinib as salvage therapy in adolescents with acute severe ulcerative colitis refractory to conventional treatments
Authors: Dickerson Andrew , Huang Jeannie S. , Bauman Laura E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesUpadacitinib (UPA), a selective Janus kinase‐1 inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in inducing and maintaining remission in moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) in adults. Current standard management for acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) involves intravenous corticosteroids (IVCS) followed by infliximab (IFX) salvage therapy. Limited data exist on the utility of UPA in ASUC, particularly in adolescents. This case series reports the use of UPA as salvage therapy in hospitalized adolescents experiencing ASUC refractory to IFX.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of hospitalized patients with ASUC who received UPA as salvage therapy after initiation of IVCS and failure of IFX.ResultsThree adolescents were hospitalized with ASUC for which IFX infusion treatments were unsuccessful. Initiation of UPA enabled patients to improve their Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index scores to ≤35 and be discharged home. Hospitalization course, complications, and follow‐up information are provided.ConclusionUPA is a promising short‐term salvage therapy in adolescent ASUC cases resistant to conventional treatments. Prospective studies are warranted to elucidate its long‐term efficacy and safety in this specific population. These findings provide a novel therapeutic avenue for managing ASUC in adolescents, offering hope for those encountering treatment challenges.
Heterogeneity in survival within age groups of early‐onset colorectal cancer patients: A National Cancer Database analysis
Authors: Ray‐Offor Emeka , Garoufalia Zoe , Emile Sameh Hany , Horesh Nir , da Silva Giovanna , Wexner Steven 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to identify predictors of and heterogeneity in survival among different age groups of patients with early‐onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used National Cancer Database data from 2004 to 2019. Differences in survival among CRC patients <50 years, subcategorized into age groups (<20, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49 years) were compared for demographic, clinical, and histologic features by univariate and multivariate analyses. Cox hazard regression and Kaplan Meier survival analysis were performed.Results134 219 of the 1 240 787 individuals with CRC (10.8%) were <50 years old; 46 639 (34.8%) had rectal and 87 580 (65.3%) had colon cancer. Within the colon cancer cohort, individuals aged between 30 and 39 years had the highest overall survival rate (66.7%) during a median follow‐up of 47.6 months (interquartile range IQR 23.1–89.7). The same age group in the rectal cancer cohort had the lowest survival rate (31%) over a median follow‐up of 54.5 (IQR 28.24–97.31) months. Leading factors affecting survival included tumor stage (HR 8.23 [4.64–14.6]; p < 0.0001), lymphovascular invasion (HR 1.88 [1.70–2.06]; p < 0.0001) and perineural invasion (HR 1.08 [1.02–1.15]; p = 0.001).ConclusionSurvival trends vary within age groups of patients affected with early onset colon cancer compared to rectal cancer. Tumor stage and unfavorable pathological characteristics are the strongest factors predicting survival.
Traveling, Showing Status and Being Conspicuous: The Power of Destination as a Conspicuous Brand
Authors: Šagovnović Ivana , Kovačić Sanja 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe notion of conspicuous consumption in tourism, along with the perception of destination conspicuousness, is an area that warrants more attention and exploration in tourism research. Thus, to expand the relatively limited literature on tourists' perception of destination conspicuousness, this study aimed to investigate its antecedents and outcomes. Based on the sample of 502 Serbian tourists, the study confirmed that factors such as destination brand experience and destination personality precede the perception of destination conspicuousness, while destination attachment and loyalty were found to be the outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the paper.
Broadband and Reconfigurable Dual‐Mode Optical Switch with Low Power‐Consumption
Authors: Sun Shijie , Li Shangrong , Che Yuanhua , Lian Tianhang , Fu Yushu , Wang Xibin , Zhang Daming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMode‐division multiplexing (MDM) technology, as a new way to increase the communication capacity of a single wavelength carrier, has attracted increasing attention. As a fundamental building block for MDM communication systems, multimode optical switch is playing an important role for routing the increasingly complex network. However, it is still very challenging to achieve a multimode optical switch with high flexibility and low power‐consumption in a large bandwidth. Here, a 1 × 2 dual‐mode optical switch is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, where the E11 and E21 modes can be switched output from either of the two output ports simultaneously or individually with low power‐consumption. For the proposed dual‐mode optical switch, three asymmetric Y‐junctions are used as mode (de)multiplexers, two Mach–Zehnder interferometers form a single‐mode switch matrix, and a 2 × 2 multimode interferometer is used as the waveguide crossing. The device is fabricated with simple photolithography and wet‐etching methods. The measurement results show that the driving powers of the device are lower than 8.4 mW, and the crosstalks are less than −12.4 dB in the wavelength range of 1500–1600 nm. By implementing the dynamic control of resources between the guided modes, the proposed device can greatly improve the flexibility and efficiency of reconfigurable MDM networks.
Ultrasensitive Terahertz Fingerprint Retrieval with Multiple‐BIC‐Enabled Meta‐Sensors
Authors: Yang Quanlong , Yao Zhibo , Xu Lei , Dou Yapeng , Ba Lingli , Huang Fan , Xu Quan , Cong Longqing , Gu Jianqiang , Yang Junliang , Rahmani Mohsen , Han Jiaguang , Shadrivov Ilya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBound states in the continuum (BICs) are an excellent platform enabling highly efficient light–matter interaction in applications for lasing, nonlinear generation, and sensing. However, the current focus in implementing BICs has primarily been on single sharp resonances, limiting the extent of electric field enhancement for multiple resonances. In this study, experimental demonstrations are conducted to showcase how metasurfaces can enable the control of symmetry‐broken and Friedrich–Wintgen BICs by leveraging the asymmetry of split resonant rings. This approach allows for the existence of multiple free‐control BIC resonances and tailored enhancement of controlling light–matter interactions. Further experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness and performance of meta‐sensors for the identification of the distinct fingerprint of α‐lactose with high sensitivity using only one single metasurface. These findings present a novel and efficient platform for the development of miniaturized and chip‐scale photonics devices with intense light–matter interaction.
Colloidal Copper(I) Iodide Cluster‐Based Scintillators for High‐Resolution X‑Ray Imaging
Authors: Ni Jingfei , Cao Qian , Xiao Kang , Gang Kun , Liu Shujuan , Liu Xiangmei , Zhao Qiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCopper(I) halide cluster‐based coordination compounds have attracted significant attention in the development of novel scintillators due to their mild synthesis methods, high luminescence efficiency, tunable emission wavelength, high‐Z element incorporation, and large structural diversity. However, a major obstacle for these crystalline materials with covalent/coordination network structures is their insolubility, which poses significant challenges for the low‐cost and large‐scale production of scintillation films. In this study, copper(I) iodide and benzotriazole derivative ligands with diverse cationic substituents are employed to fabricate all‐in‐one (AIO) colloidal copper(I) iodide cluster‐based scintillator suspensions. These suspensions, characterized by distinctive ionic and coordination bonds, are synthesized via confined growth in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Furthermore, they demonstrate exceptional compatibility with polymer matrices, facilitating the production of uniform and flexible scintillation films with highly efficient radioluminescence through blade coating. The resulting films achieved an excellent spatial resolution of 17 lp mm−1. This surfactant‐assisted fabrication method for colloidal scintillators, combined with microelectronic printing for film preparation, demonstrates significant potential for developing flexible scintillation films for high‐resolution X‐ray imaging.
Realizing Near‐Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield in Metal Halide RbCdCl3:Mn2+ Crystals via Phase Transformation Engineering
Authors: Song Yan , Jia Zhen , Gong Pifu , Wang Zhigang , Yuan Changchun , Chen Mingxing , Zhao Jing , Li Xinhui , Zhang Yanjiao , Xia Mingjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAll‐inorganic metal halides have merged as auspicious materials for optoelectronic applications due to their predominant tunable and controlled photoluminescence (PL) properties. Despite substantial efforts and advances in the development of these all‐inorganic metal halides, considerable long‐term challenges remain to be solved to realize cutting‐edge material performances. Here, an all‐inorganic metal halide RbCdCl3, featuring a reversible structural phase transformation from non‐perovskite (orthorhombic‐phase) to perovskite (tetragonal‐phase) structure is reported. Intriguingly, via phase transformation regulation engineering, a near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) along with large Stokes shift (275 nm) and long decay lifetime (14.69 ms) is achieved in RbCdCl3:Mn2+ thermochromic fluorescent materials, comparing with the pristine non‐pervoskite structure with an initial PLQY of 3.1%. Moreover, the underlying PL switching mechanisms are systematically elucidated by the in situ optical characterizations and the first‐principles calculations. This work demonstrates a thermochromic fluorescent anti‐counterfeiting material based on the tunable and reversible photoluminescence switching and also provides a phase structure engineering in metal halides to broaden their manifold applications in optoelectronic fields.
Alginate Capsules: Versatile Applications and Production Techniques
Authors: Passannanti Francesca , Gallo Marianna , Lentini Giulia , Colucci Cante Rosa , Nigro Federica , Nigro Roberto , Budelli Andrea 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlginate is a natural polysaccharide commonly obtained from brown algae and is usually used in the food industry as an additive, specifically as a thickening, gelling, and emulsifying agent. Due to its polyanionic nature, it can crosslink in the presence of divalent or trivalent cations. This crosslinking process involves the formation of chemical bonds between the carboxylic groups of parallel chains, resulting in a solid structure. In this way, compounds of interest can be enclosed in a capsule or a bead. Thanks to this ability, possible applications of alginate capsules are countless: it is possible to range from the pharmaceutical to the nutritional fields, from the agri‐food industry to the textile or cosmetic sectors. These capsules can protect the encapsulated ingredients, promote their delivery or controlled release, or be imagined as small‐scale reactors. The present review describes the main techniques used to produce alginate capsules, and several examples of possible application fields are shown.
Corrosion Behavior and Evaluation Method of Pipeline Steel Under Dynamic AC Interference: A Study
Authors: Chen Le , Du Yanxia , Guo Lei , Zhu Zhenhong , Liang Yi , Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTUnlike the stable AC interference caused by AC transmission lines to buried pipelines, high‐speed railways cause dynamic AC interference to nearby buried pipelines. The dynamic fluctuation characteristics of AC interference parameters of buried pipelines near high‐speed railways with different traction power supply modes were obtained through the statistical analysis of field test data. The dynamic AC corrosion simulation experiments were conducted with different interference cycles and levels, as well as cathodic protection (CP) levels. The results show that the dynamic AC corrosion rate increases with the extension of the interference time within each interference cycle. After the JAC ≥ 100 A/m2, the dynamic AC corrosion rate shows a three‐stage change with a negative shift of CP potential, that is, first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing again. On the basis of the experimental results, the dynamic AC corrosion risk assessment criteria were proposed, which comprehensively considers the CP level and the proportion of interference time with different AC current densities.
Cell death pathways: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for cancer
Authors: Wang Shaohui , Guo Sa , Guo Jing , Du Qinyun , Wu Cen , Wu Yeke , Zhang Yi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCell death regulation is essential for tissue homeostasis and its dysregulation often underlies cancer development. Understanding the different pathways of cell death can provide novel therapeutic strategies for battling cancer. This review explores several key cell death mechanisms of apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagic cell death, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. The research gap addressed involves a thorough analysis of how these cell death pathways can be precisely targeted for cancer therapy, considering tumor heterogeneity and adaptation. It delves into genetic and epigenetic factors and signaling cascades like the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathways, which are critical for the regulation of cell death. Additionally, the interaction of the microenvironment with tumor cells, and particularly the influence of hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and immune cellular interactions, are explored. Emphasizing therapeutic strategies, this review highlights emerging modulators and inducers such as B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) homology domain 3 (BH3) mimetics, tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), chloroquine, and innovative approaches to induce ferroptosis and pyroptosis. This review provides insights into cancer therapy's future direction, focusing on multifaceted approaches to influence cell death pathways and circumvent drug resistance. This examination of evolving strategies underlines the considerable clinical potential and the continuous necessity for in‐depth exploration within this scientific domain.
The Impact of Increased Body Mass Index on Patient Outcomes and Complications in Microsurgical Lower Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Stanton Eloise W. , Manasyan Artur , Boudiab Elizabeth , Carey Joseph N. , Daar David A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundElevated body mass index (BMI) is a known perioperative risk factor for complications such as delayed wound healing and infection. However, there is a gap in understanding how elevated BMI impacts outcomes after posttraumatic lower extremity (LE) microvascular reconstruction.MethodsA retrospective review was performed at a level 1 trauma center between 2007 and 2022 of patients who underwent posttraumatic microvascular LE reconstruction. Demographics, flap/wound details, complications, and outcomes were recorded. Patients were stratified into BMI Center for Disease Control categories.ResultsA total of 398 patients were included with an average BMI of 28.2 ± 5.8. Nearly half (45%) of LE defects were located in the distal third of the leg, 27.5% in the middle third, and 34.4% in the proximal third. Most reconstructions utilized muscle‐containing flaps (74.4%) compared with fasciocutaneous flaps (16.8%). Surgical approaches included free flaps (47.6%) and local flaps (52.5%). Class III obese patients were significantly more likely to be nonambulatory than nonobese patients (OR: 4.10, 95% CI 1.10–15.2, p = 0.035). At final follow‐up, 30.1% of patients with Class III obesity were ambulatory, requiring either wheelchairs (42.3%) or assistance devices (26.9%). There were no significant differences in complication rates based on obesity status (0.704). The average follow‐up time for the entire cohort was 5.8 years.ConclusionsBMI is critical for patient care and surgical decision‐making in LE reconstruction. Further research is warranted to optimize outcomes for higher BMI patients, thereby potentially reducing the burden of postoperative complications and enhancing overall patient recovery.