bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The little things that run: a general scaling of invertebrate exploratory speed with body mass
Authors: Hirt Myriam R. , Lauermann Tobias , Brose Ulrich , Noldus Lucas P. J. J. , Dell Anthony I. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSpeed is a key trait of animal movement, and while much is already known about vertebrate speed and how it scales with body mass, studies on invertebrates are sparse, especially across diverse taxonomic groups. Here, we used automated image‐based tracking to characterize the exploratory (voluntary) speed of 173 invertebrates comprising 57 species across six taxonomic groups (Arachnida, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Entognatha, Insecta, Malacostraca) and four feeding types (carnivore, detritivore, herbivore, omnivore). Across all individuals, exploratory speed (mm/s) scaled with body mass (g) following a power‐law relationship with a scaling exponent of 0.19 ± 0.04 (mean ± SE) and an intercept of 14.33 ± 1.2. These parameters varied substantially with taxonomic group and feeding type. For the first time, we provide general empirically derived allometric scaling relationships of exploratory speed across broad taxonomic groups of invertebrates. As exploratory speed drives key components of species interactions, such as encounter and attack rates, or competition, our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of individual movement in population and community level processes.
Orthogonal fitness benefits of nitrogen and ants for nitrogen‐limited plants in the presence of herbivores
Authors: Pringle Elizabeth G. , Ableson Ian , Kerber Jennifer , Vannette Rachel L. , Tao Leiling 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPredictable effects of resource availability on plant growth‐defense strategies provide a unifying theme in theories of direct anti‐herbivore defense, but it is less clear how resource availability modulates plant indirect defense. Ant‐plant‐hemipteran interactions produce mutualistic trophic cascades when hemipteran‐tending ants reduce total herbivory, and these interactions are a key component of plant indirect defense in most terrestrial ecosystems. Here we conducted an experiment to test how ant‐plant‐hemipteran interactions depend on nitrogen (N) availability by manipulating the presence of ants and aphids under different N fertilization treatments. Ants increased plant flowering success by decreasing the densities of herbivores, and the effects of ants on folivores were positively related to the density of aphids. Unexpectedly, N fertilization produced no changes in plant N concentrations. Plants grown in higher N grew and flowered more, but aphid honeydew chemistry stayed the same, and neither the density of aphids nor the rate of ant attraction per aphid changed with N addition. The positive effects of ants and N addition on plant fitness were thus independent of one another. We conclude that N was the plant's limiting nutrient and propose that addition of the limiting nutrient is unlikely to alter the strength of mutualistic trophic cascades.
Optimization of capillary zone electrophoresis for charge heterogeneity testing of biopharmaceuticals using enhanced method development principles
Authors: Moritz Bernd , Locatelli Valentina , Niess Michele , Bathke Andrea , Kiessig Steffen , Entler Barbara , Finkler Christof , Wegele Harald , Stracke Jan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCZE is a well‐established technique for charge heterogeneity testing of biopharmaceuticals. It is based on the differences between the ratios of net charge and hydrodynamic radius. In an extensive intercompany study, it was recently shown that CZE is very robust and can be easily implemented in labs that did not perform it before. However, individual characteristics of some examined proteins resulted in suboptimal resolution. Therefore, enhanced method development principles were applied here to investigate possibilities for further method optimization. For this purpose, a high number of different method parameters was evaluated with the aim to improve CZE separation. For the relevant parameters, design of experiments (DoE) models were generated and optimized in several ways for different sets of responses like resolution, peak width and number of peaks. In spite of product specific DoE optimization it was found that the resulting combination of optimized parameters did result in significant improvement of separation for 13 out of 16 different antibodies and other molecule formats. These results clearly demonstrate generic applicability of the optimized CZE method. Adaptation to individual molecular properties may sometimes still be required in order to achieve optimal separation but the set screws discussed in this study [mainly pH, identity of the polymer additive (HPC versus HPMC) and the concentrations of additives like acetonitrile, butanolamine and TETA] are expected to significantly reduce the effort for specific optimization.
Tracking pyrethroid toxicity in surface water samples: Exposure dynamics and toxicity identification tools for laboratory tests with Hyalella azteca (Amphipoda)
Authors: Deanovic Linda A. , Stillway Marie , Hammock Bruce G. , Fong Stephanie , Werner Inge 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used in pest control and are present at toxic concentrations in surface waters of agricultural and urban areas worldwide. Monitoring is challenging as a result of their high hydrophobicity and low toxicity thresholds, which often fall below the analytical methods detection limits (MDLs). Standard daphnid bioassays used in surface water monitoring are not sensitive enough to protect more susceptible invertebrate species such as the amphipod Hyalella azteca and chemical loss during toxicity testing is of concern. In the present study, we quantified toxicity loss during storage and testing, using both natural and synthetic water, and presented a tool to enhance toxic signal strength for improved sensitivity of H. azteca toxicity tests. The average half-life during storage in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) cubitainers (Fisher Scientific) at 4 °C of 5 pyrethroids (permethrin, bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, and esfenvalerate) and one organophosphate (chlorpyrifos; used as reference) was 1.4 d, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) proved an effective tool to potentiate toxicity. We conclude that toxicity tests on ambient water samples containing these hydrophobic insecticides are likely to underestimate toxicity present in the field, and mimic short pulse rather than continuous exposures. Where these chemicals are of concern, the addition of PBO during testing can yield valuable information on their presence or absence. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:462–472. © 2017 SETAC
Evaluation and hydrologic validation of TMPA satellite precipitation product downstream of the Pearl River Basin, China
Authors: Wang Zhaoli , Zhong Ruida , Lai Chengguang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWith high spatio‐temporal resolution and wide coverage, satellite‐based precipitation products can potentially fill the deficiencies of traditional in situ gauge precipitation observations and provide an alternative data source for ungauged areas. However, due to the relatively poor accuracy and high uncertainty of satellite‐based precipitation products, it remains necessary to assess the quality and applicability of the products for each investigated area. This study evaluated the accuracy and error of the latest Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi‐satellites Precipitation Analysis 3B42‐V7 satellite‐based precipitation product and validated the applicability of the product for the Beijiang and Dongjiang River Basins, downstream of the Pearl River Basin in China. The study first evaluated the accuracy, error, and bias of the 3B42‐V7 product during 1998–2006 at daily and monthly scale via comparison with in situ observations. The study further validated the applicability of the product via hydrologic simulation using the variable infiltration capacity hydrological model for three hydrological stations in the Beijiang River Basin, considering two scenarios: a streamflow simulation with gauge‐calibrated parameters (Scenario I) and a simulation after recalibration with the 3B42‐V7 product (Scenario II). The results revealed that (a) the 3B42‐V7 product produced acceptable accuracy both at the daily scale and high accuracy at the monthly scale while generally tending to overestimate precipitation; (b) the product clearly overestimated the frequency of no rainfall events at the grid cell scale and light rainfall (<1 mm/day) events at the region scale and also overestimated the amount of heavy rain (25–50 mm/day) and hard rain (≥50 mm/day) events; (c) under Scenario I, the 3B42‐V7 product performed poorly at three stations with gauge‐calibrated parameters; under Scenario II, the recalibrated model provided significantly improved performance of streamflow simulation with the 3B42‐V7 product; (d) the variable infiltration capacity model has the ability to reveal the hydrological characteristics of the karst landform in the Beijiang Basin when using the 3B42‐V7 product.
The effect of ventricular assist device‐associated biomaterials on human blood leukocytes
Authors: Radley Gemma , Pieper Ina Laura , Thornton Catherine A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractVentricular assist devices (VADs) are an effective bridging or destination therapy for patients with advanced stage heart failure. These devices remain susceptible to adverse events including infection, bleeding, and thrombus; events linked to the foreign body response. Therefore, the biocompatibility of all biomaterials used is crucial to the success of medical devices. Biomaterials common in VADs—DLC: diamond‐like carbon coated stainless steel; Sap: single‐crystal sapphire; SiN: silicon nitride; Ti: titanium alloy; and ZTA: zirconia‐toughened alumina—were tested for their biocompatibility through incubation with whole human blood for 2 h with mild agitation. Blood was then removed and used for: complete cell counts; leukocyte activation and death, and the production of key inflammatory cytokines. All were compared to time 0 and an un‐exposed 2 h sample. Monocyte numbers were lower after exposure to DLC, SiN, and ZTA and monocytes showed evidence of activation with DLC, Sap, and SiN. Neutrophils and lymphocytes were unaffected. This approach allows comprehensive analysis of the potential blood damaging effects of biomaterials. Monocyte activation by DLC, Sap, ZTA, and SiN warrants further investigation linking effects on this cell type to unfavorable inflammatory/thrombogenic responses to VADs and other blood handling devices. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1730–1738, 2018.
Injectable thermosensitive alginate/β‐tricalcium phosphate/aspirin hydrogels for bone augmentation
Authors: Fang Xiaoqian , Lei Lei , Jiang Ting , Chen Ying , Kang Yunqing 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this study, an injectable and thermo‐sensitive alginate/β‐tricalcium phosphate hydrogel (TSAH/β‐TCP) was prepared for aspirin release to a bone defect. Aspirin was dissolved into a mixture of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), an aminated alginate‐g‐PNIPAAm co‐polymer, and β‐TCP powders. Scanning electron microscopy showed that TSAH/β‐TCP had an interconnected porous microstructure with a porosity of 86.78%. The cross‐linked hydrogel released approximately 40% of the aspirin in the first 3 days and then slowly released the remainder. At a low concentration (≤100 μg/mL), aspirin did not promote cell proliferation, but enhanced the alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen I expression of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. The TSAH/β‐TCP/aspirin hydrogel was injected into the periosteum of the rat cranial bone, and its in vivo bone‐forming ability was evaluated at 12 weeks. A bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2)‐loaded TSAH/β‐TCP hydrogel was injected as a control. Micro‐computed tomography showed that the percentage of mineralized tissue in the TSAH/β‐TCP/BMP‐2 and TSAH/β‐TCP/aspirin groups were similar and significantly higher than that in the TSAH/β‐TCP group. Immunohistochemical staining showed considerable expression of OCN, especially in the TSAH/β‐TCP/BMP‐2 and TSAH/β‐TCP/aspirin groups. These results suggest that the injectable TSAH/β‐TCP/aspirin hydrogel has great potential for bone regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1739–1751, 2018.
Exploring the interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis enolase and human plasminogen using computational methods and experimental techniques
Authors: Rahi Amit , Dhiman Alisha , Singh Damini , Lynn Andrew M. , Rehan Mohd , Bhatnagar Rakesh 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSurface localized microbial enolases’ binding with human plasminogen has been increasingly proven to have an important role in initial infection cycle of several human pathogens. Likewise, surface localized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) enolase also binds to human plasminogen, and this interaction may entail crucial consequences for granuloma stability. The current study is the first attempt to explore the plasminogen interacting residues of enolase from Mtb. Beginning with the structural modeling of Mtb enolase, the binding pose of Mtb enolase and human plasminogen was predicted using protein‐protein docking simulations. The binding pose revealed the interface region with interacting residues and molecular interactions. Next, the interacting residues were refined and ranked by using various criteria. Finally, the selected interacting residues were tested experimentally for their involvement in plasminogen binding. The two consecutive lysine residues, Lys‐193 and Lys‐194, turned out to be active residues for plasminogen binding. These residues when substituted for alanine along with the most active residue Lys‐429, that is, the triple mutant (K193A + K194A + K429A) Mtb enolase, exhibited 40% reduction in plasminogen binding. It is worth noting that Mtb enolase lost nearly half of the plasminogen binding activity with only three simultaneous substitutions, without any significant secondary structure perturbation. Further, the sequence comparison between Mtb and human enolase isoforms suggests the possibility of selective targeting of Mtb enolase to obstruct binding of human plasminogen.
SIRT1 deacetylates KLF4 to activate Claudin‐5 transcription in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Xinjian , Chen Junliang , Sun Lina , Xu Yong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMalignant cancers are distinguished from more benign forms of cancers by enhanced ability to disseminate. A number of factors aid the migration and invasion of malignant cancer cells. Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), which greatly facilitates the dissemination of cancer cells, is characterized by the loss of epithelial markers and the acquisition of mesenchymal markers thereby rendering the cells more migratory and invasive. We have previously shown that the class III lysine deacetylase SIRT1 plays a critical role curbing the metastasis of ovarian cancer cells partly by blocking EMT. Here we investigated the mechanism by which SIRT1 regulates the transcription of Claudin 5 (CLDN5), an epithelial marker gene, in ovarian cancer cells. SIRT1 activation or over‐expression up‐regulated CLDN5 expression while SIRT1 inhibition or depletion down‐regulated CLDN5 expression. SIRT1 interacted with and deacetylated Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4), a known transcriptional activator for CLDN5. Deacetylation by SIRT1 promoted nuclear accumulation of KLF4 and enhanced the binding of KLF4 to the CLDN5 promoter in the nucleus. SIRT1‐mediated up‐regulation of CLDN5 was abrogated in the absence of KLF4. In accordance, KLF4 depletion by siRNA rendered ovarian cancer cells more migratory and invasive despite of SIRT1 activation or over‐expression. In conclusion, our data suggest that SIRT1 activates CLDN5 transcription by deacetylating and potentiating KLF4.
Children's experiences and perceptions of street culture, parental supervision, and parental mediation in an urban neighborhood
Authors: van Dijken Maartje , Stams Geert‐Jan , de Winter Micha 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLocal street cultures may appear more or less “extreme,” depending on several contextual factors. Using focus groups, the current study aimed to explore what children, aged 7 to 12 years, think of the assumption that parents play an important role on the street to increase safety in the public domain. Involvement of parents can either be helpful or contribute to escalation of the conflict. Children's biggest concern was that parents are not able to be neutral or that children did not know the parent who intervened. They can imagine intervening being helpful when the intervening parents are known and trusted. We expect that when the public environment is safe and social cohesion is strong, the amount of conflicts will reduce and the help of parents will be generally accepted. We expect that increasing public familiarity and strengthening social control in disadvantaged neighborhoods can further limit the negative influences of street culture.
Understanding the influence of resilience for people with a lived experience of mental illness: A self‐determination theory perspective
Authors: Perlman Dana , Patterson Christopher , Moxham Lorna , Taylor Ellie K. , Brighton Renee , Sumskis Susan , Heffernan Tim 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBehaviors associated with resilience can be seen as tantamount to coping with stress and vulnerability. This is important for people who live with mental illness. This study aimed to determine whether key basic psychological needs influence resilience among people with a lived experience of mental illness. A total of 159 consumers with a lived experience of mental illness completed self‐report surveys measuring resilience and the basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) espoused in self‐determination theory. A 2‐step analysis was conducted, including Pearson product correlations and stepwise multiple regression. Higher levels of relatedness significantly predicted resilience. Competence and autonomy did not have a significant influence on resilience. Reconnecting or establishing social relationships within ones community is important for people living with mental illness. The link between resilience and relatedness ought to be considered in treatment plans.
In between mental evolution and unconscious memory: Lamarckism, Darwinism, and professionalism in late Victorian Britain
Authors: Turbil Cristiano 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn 1884 Samuel Butler published a collection of essays entitledRemarks on George Romanes’ Mental Evolution, where he attempted to show how Romanes’ idea of mental evolution presented similarities with his theory of unconscious memory. By looking at Romanes’ work through Butler’s writing, this article will reevaluate some aspects of their works regarding the complex debate about memory, heredity, and instinct. This paper will explore the main differences and similarities between Romanes’ science and Butler’s writing on science both in terms of their ideas and contents. It will then look into their different professional relationships with Darwin and how this determined the professional and public reception of their theories.
Tremor in Dystonia: A Cross‐sectional Study from India
Authors: Pandey Sanjay , Sarma Neelav 
Published: September 2017

AbstractView Supplementary Video 1View Supplementary Video 2View Supplementary Video 3View Supplementary Video 4View Supplementary Video 5BackgroundTremor is an important phenotypic motor feature in dystonia, but there is limited literature regarding its prevalence and phenomenology.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 90 patients with adult‐onset, isolated dystonia from a tertiary care movement disorder center in India. Patients were assessed for tremor in the head and in different body parts. Surface electromyography studies of tremor were recorded of the involved limb in different positions.ResultsTremor was present in 41 patients (45.55%) who had dystonia, including 21 of 41 patients (51.21%) with cervical dystonia, 15 of 34 (44.11%) with limb dystonia, and 5 of 15 (33.33%) with cranial dystonia. Significantly later age at presentation (47.19 ± 14.55 years vs. 40.39 ± 13.74 years; P = 0.012) and longer disease duration (5.11 ± 5.85 years vs. 2.60 ± 2.57 years; P = 0.004) were observed in patients with versus without tremor. Upper limb tremor was present in 33 patients, head tremor was present in 14, and leg tremor was present in 2. Tremor was present in 17 of 25 patients (68%) with segmental dystonia and in 6 of 9 (66.66%) with multifocal dystonia. Tremor was least frequent in patients with focal dystonia (18 of 56 patients; 32.14%).ConclusionsTremor was common (>45%) in patients with primary adult‐onset dystonia. Patients who had tremor were older and had a longer duration of symptoms. Patients with segmental and multifocal dystonia had more tremor than those with focal dystonia. In contrast to some other studies, the current patients had more upper limb tremor than head tremor, and a combination of dystonic tremor and tremor associated with dystonia was more common than isolated dystonic tremor.
Smartphone Apps Provide a Simple, Accurate Bedside Screening Tool for Orthostatic Tremor
Authors: Bhatti Danish , Thompson Rebecca , Hellman Amy , Penke Cynthia , Bertoni John M , Torres‐Russotto Diego 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundOrthostatic Tremor (OT) is characterized by the presence of a sensation of instability while standing, associated with high frequency (13–18 Hz) lower extremity tremor. Diagnosis is confirmed with surface electromyography (EMG). An accurate screening tool that could be used in the routine clinical setting, without any specialized equipment, would be useful in earlier detection of OT and judicial use of additional testing.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate OT diagnostic test characteristics at bedside using iPhone's built‐in accelerometer and available applications for tremor recordings.MethodsWe obtained recordings using iPhones (Model 5, 5s, and 6) and free Applications (“LiftPulse” by LiftLabs [App1] and “iSeismometer” by ObjectGraph LLC [App2]) at default settings.Results24 EMG‐confirmed OT subjects (mostly females, 22/24) and 15 age‐matched controls (mostly males, 11/15) were evaluated. App1 detected OT range tremor in 22/24 patients and none of the controls. (Sensitivity = 92%, Specificity = 100%, NPV = 88%). App2 detected OT range tremor in 21/24 patients and in 1/13 controls (Sensitivity = 88%, Specificity = 92%, NPV = 80%). When combined, 24/24 patients and 1/13 controls had OT range tremor (Sensitivity = 100%, Specificity = 92%, NPV = 100%).ConclusionsSmartphone apps that use the built‐in accelerometer provide a simple, accurate and inexpensive bedside screening diagnostic tool for patients with OT.