bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycoplasma bovis isolates from dairy calves in Japan have less susceptibility than a reference strain to all approved macrolides associated with a point mutation (G748A) combined with multiple species‐specific nucleotide alterations in 23S rRNA
Authors: Sato Toyotaka , Higuchi Hidetoshi , Yokota Shin‐ichi , Tamura Yutaka 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTErythromycin, tylosin and tilmicosin are approved for use in cattle in Japan, the latter two being used to treat Mycoplasma bovis infection. In this study, 58 M. bovis isolates obtained from Japanese dairy calves all exhibited reduced susceptibility to these macrolides, this widespread reduced susceptibility being attributable to a few dominant lineages. All 58 isolates contained the G748A variant in both the rrl3 and rrl4 alleles of 23S rRNA, whereas a reference strain (PG45) did not. G748 localizes in the central loop of domain II (from C744 to A753) of 23S rRNA, which participates in binding to mycinose, a sugar residue present in both tylosin and tilmicosin. A number of in vitro‐selected mutants derived from M. bovis PG45 showed reduced susceptibility to tylosin and tilmicosin and contained a nucleotide insertion within the central loop of domain II of rrl3 (U747–G748Ins_CU/GU or A743–U744Ins_UA), suggesting that mutations around G748 confer this reduced susceptibility phenotype. However, other Mycoplasma species containing G748A were susceptible to tylosin and tilmicosin. Sequence comparison with Escherichia coli revealed that M. bovis PG45 and isolates harbored five nucleotide alterations (U744C, G745A, U746C, A752C and A753G) in the central loop of domain II of 23S rRNA, whereas other Mycoplasma species lacked at least two of these five nucleotide alterations. It was therefore concluded that G748 mutations in combination with species‐specific nucleotide alterations in the central loop of domain II of 23S rRNA are likely sufficient to reduce susceptibility of M. bovis to tylosin and tilmicosin.
Benchmarking the research track record and level of appointment of Australian occupational therapy academics
Authors: Broome Kieran , Gray Marion 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundAcademic faculty are active contributors to the evidence base of the profession. Little is known about the research productivity of Australian occupational therapy academics.MethodsA bibliographic analysis of Australian occupational therapy faculty websites and corresponding Scopus citation database profiles was conducted. A description of current research productivity benchmarks and relationships with holding a doctorate, academic appointment level and institutional characteristics were explored.ResultsThe median H‐index of Clinical and Associate Lecturers was 0, 1 for Lecturers, 4 for Senior Lecturers, 7.5 for Associate Professors and 13 for Professors. The number of publications and number of citing documents follows a Pareto tendency, where 20% of researchers are responsible for around 80% of the research track record of Australian occupational therapy academics.ConclusionThe findings provide a benchmark for Australian occupational therapy faculty research track records and associations with appointment levels. This benchmark differs across countries and disciplines. The results raise considerations for enhancing the overall research track record of occupational therapy academics.
A novel synthetic chemical entity (UPEI‐800) is neuroprotective in vitro and in an in vivo rat model of oxidative stress
Authors: Saleh Tarek M. , Saleh Monique C. , Connell Barry J. , Kucukkaya Inan , Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIn this study, we tested a novel synthetic pyrazole‐containing compound, 5‐amino‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbonitrile (APPC), as an antioxidant in both in vitro and in vivo models of oxidative stress. In addition, the utility of covalently combining APPC with another well‐established antioxidant, lipoic acid (LA), was also tested in both models. The in vitro results demonstrated that pretreatment with APPC in a mixed neuronal‐glial culture exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reoxygenation‐refeeding, resulted in significant neuroprotection at concentrations between 2.5 to 25 μmol/L. In contrast, LA was not neuroprotective following OGD alone or following reoxygenation‐refeeding. However, the synthetic covalent combination of APPC with LA, named “UPEI‐800”, resulted in significant neuroprotection at concentrations between 0.027 and 2.7 μmol/L (100‐fold more potent than APPC alone), an effect shown to be correlated with increased cellular antioxidant capacity. Further, in an in vivo model of ischaemia‐reperfusion injury following transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (tMCAO), both APPC (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) and UPEI‐800 (1×10−3 mg/kg) provided significant neuroprotection. Consistent with the in vitro findings, the in vivo results following tMCAO also demonstrated a 100‐fold increase in the potency of the covalently linked compound UPEI‐800 compared to APPC alone.
The cyclin dependent kinase subunit Cks1 is required for infection‐associated development of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Yue Xiaofeng , Que Yawei , Deng Shuzhen , Xu Lin , Oses‐Ruiz Miriam , Talbot Nicholas J. , Peng Youliang , Wang Zhengyi 
Published: May 2017

SummaryCell cycle regulation is pivotal for proper cell division and cellular differentiation in eukaryotic cells. The central regulators that govern eukaryotic cell cycle progression are cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) and their partners. Here, we report that Magnaporthe oryzae CKS1 encodes a cyclin‐dependent kinase subunit, which plays a significant role in regulation of plant infection. We demonstrate that CKS1 is a functional homolog of CKS1/SUC1 and can physically interact with the CDK protein Cdc28, and Som1, a downstream regulator of the cyclic AMP‐dependent Protein Kinase A pathway. CKS1 deletion mutants are severely impaired in hyphal growth, sexual reproduction, melanin pigmentation and conidiogenesis. Cks1 mutants are able to form appressoria from hyphal tips, but these are unable to re‐polarize, and rice infection is impaired. CKS1 also affects chitin and glucan synthase activity during cell wall differentiation and fungal hydrophobin function. CKS1, therefore, encodes a conserved CDK‐binding partner, essential for appressorium‐mediated plant infection by the rice blast fungus.
Following Rapoport's Rule: the geographic range and genome size of bacterial taxa decline at warmer latitudes
Authors: Lear Gavin , Lau Kelvin , Perchec Anne‐Marie , Buckley Hannah L. , Case Bradley S. , Neale Martin , Fierer Noah , Leff Jonathan W. , Handley Kim M. , Lewis Gillian 
Published: May 2017

SummaryWe sought to test whether stream bacterial communities conform to Rapoport's Rule, a pattern commonly observed for plants and animals whereby taxa exhibit decreased latitudinal range sizes closer to the equator. Using a DNA sequencing approach, we explored the biogeography of biofilm bacterial communities in 204 streams across a ∼1000 km latitudinal gradient. The range sizes of bacterial taxa were strongly correlated with latitude, decreasing closer to the equator, which coincided with a greater than fivefold increase in bacterial taxonomic richness. The relative richness and range size of bacteria were associated with spatially correlated variation in temperature and rainfall. These patterns were observed despite enormous variability in catchment environmental characteristics. Similar results were obtained when restricting the same analyses to native forest catchments, thereby controlling for spatial biases in land use. We analysed genomic data from ∼500 taxa detected in this study, for which data were available and found that bacterial communities at cooler latitudes also tended to possess greater potential metabolic potential. Collectively, these data provide the first evidence of latitudinal variation in the range size distributions of freshwater bacteria, a trend which may be determined, in part, by a trade‐off between bacterial genome size and local variation in climatic conditions.
The ArfGAP protein MoGlo3 regulates the development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Zhang Shengpei , Liu Xiu , Li Lianwei , Yu Rui , He Jialiang , Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Xiaobo , Wang Ping , Zhang Zhengguang 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe ADP ribosylation factor (Arf) and the coat protein complex I (COPI) are involved in vesicle transport. Together with GTPase‐activating proteins (ArfGAPs) and guanine exchange factors (ArfGEFs) that regulate the activity of Arf, they govern vesicle formation, COPI trafficking and the maintenance of the Golgi complex. In an ongoing effort to study the role of membrane trafficking in pathogenesis of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, we identified MoGlo3 as an ArfGAP protein that is homologous to Glo3p of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As suspected, MoGlo3 partially complements the function of yeast Glo3p. Consistent with findings in S. cerevisiae, MoGlo3 is localized to the Golgi, and that the localization is dependent on the conserved BoCCS domain. We found that MoGlo3 is highly expressed during conidiation and early infection stages and is required for vegetative growth, conidial production and sexual development. We further found that the ΔMoglo3 mutant is defective in endocytosis, scavenging of the reactive oxygen species, and in the response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The combined effects result in failed appressorium function and decreased pathogenicity. Moreover, we provided evidence showing that the domains including the GAP, BoCCS and GRM are all important for normal MoGlo3 functions. Our studies further illustrate the importance of normal membrane trafficking in the physiology and pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus.
Wanting to work: managing the sick role in high‐stake sickness insurance meetings
Authors: Flinkfeldt Marie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article respecifies and develops Parsons's sick role theory, focusing on the postulate that the sick person must ‘want’ to get well. Using conversation analysis and discursive psychology to study how the psychological term ‘want’ is used in high‐stake, multi‐professional meetings with sickness benefit claimants in Sweden, the article shows how establishing that one ‘wants’ to get well requires extensive interactional work. In the examined meetings, the sick person's ‘want’ formulations make explicit the relationship between ‘wants’ and illness or inabilities, thus allowing for motivational character to be established without committing to its implications, and without appearing strategic or biased. By contrast, professional parties in the meetings invoke the sick person's ‘wants’ either to hold them accountable, or for establishing a desired course of recovery, confirming the centrality of such ‘wants’ in this setting as well as the risks associated with expressing them. The article suggests that analysing psychological matters as they are oriented to by participants renders sick role theory relevant for a wide range of settings and respecifies criticism of the model.
Rediscovering the ritual technology of the placebo effect in analytical psychology
Authors: Goodwyn Erik 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTechnology, viewed more generally, is a collection of skills and methods that are used to accomplish an objective of some kind. Modernity has produced many kinds of ever‐expanding new technologies, but it is also evident that technologies can be lost or fall out of use. A cross‐cultural survey of ritual reveals a rather startling observation: that while developed nations often exceed other cultures in terms of material technology, they often pale by comparison in their use of ritual technology. In this essay we will see how ritual is a powerful sort of technology that developed nations have mostly allowed to drift out of regular, vigorous use, despite its numerous psychological and biological effects. This tendency has left one of the rituals we still have – psychotherapy itself – to be bereft of some of the typical tools for concretizing the symbolic in recurrent patterns around the world. Jung himself could be accused of being somewhat anti‐ritual himself, enmeshed as he was in the post‐Protestant, post‐Enlightenment cultural environment that defines the West in many ways. But these under‐utilized elements of ritual technology may be a natural fit for Jungian therapy due to its use of symbols.
Analytical practice: do the new technologies have an impact?
Authors: Favero Davide , Candellieri Stefano 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThrough commentary on four clinical vignettes, this article focuses on the anthropological transformations taking place in contemporary society, underlining their differences from the anthropologies of reference of the founding fathers of psychoanalysis. Hybridization between man and machine and the speeding up and alteration of communications which the new technologies promote are now crucial issues facing psychoanalysis. Social media and a 24/7 internet connection have produced deep changes in the way people live and perceive relationships. Analytical practice is not exempt from such issues, which can be particularly insidious, often subtle and difficult to recognize, or even underestimated or ignored by psychoanalysts outright, in order to preserve the illusion of a complete understanding of what unfolds in the analytical space. The authors suggest that such transformations, by (partially) rendering inadequate the theoretical and technical corpus on which the various depth psychologies are founded, require personal engagement on the part of psychoanalysts in the search for new strategies to treat their patients, with the consequent abandonment of the ‘certainties’ offered by sclerotic models of clinical procedure.
Reduced egg shell permeability affects embryonic development and hatchling traits in Lycodon rufozonatum and Pelodiscus sinensis
Authors: TANG Wenqi , ZHAO Bo , CHEN Ye , DU Weiguo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe response of embryos to unpredictable hypoxia is critical for successful embryonic development, yet there remain significant gaps in our understanding of such responses in reptiles with different types of egg shell. We experimentally generated external regional hypoxia by sealing either the upper half or bottom half of the surface area of eggs in 2 species of reptiles (snake [Lycodon rufozonatum] with parchment egg shell and Chinese soft‐shelled turtle [Pelodiscus sinensis] with rigid egg shell), then monitored the growth pattern of the opaque white patch in turtle eggs (a membrane that attaches the embryo to the egg shell and plays an important role in gas exchange), the embryonic heart rate, the developmental rate and the hatchling traits in turtle and snake eggs in response to external regional hypoxia. The snake embryos from the hypoxia treatments facultatively increased their heart rate during incubation, and turtle embryos from the upper‐half hypoxia treatment enhanced their growth of the opaque white patch. Furthermore, the incubation period and hatching success of embryos were not affected by the hypoxia treatment in these 2 species. External regional hypoxia significantly affected embryonic yolk utilization and offspring size in the snake and turtle. Compared to sham controls, embryos from the upper‐half hypoxia treatment used less energy from yolk and, therefore, developed into smaller hatchlings, but embryos from the bottom‐half hypoxia treatment did not.
LdtR is a master regulator of gene expression in Liberibacter asiaticus
Authors: Pagliai Fernando A. , Coyle Janelle F. , Kapoor Sharan , Gonzalez Claudio F. , Lorca Graciela L. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryHuanglongbing or citrus greening disease is causing devastation to the citrus industry. Liberibacter asiaticus, an obligate intracellular pathogen of citrus, is one the causative agents of the disease. Most of the knowledge about this bacterium has been deduced from the in silico exploration of its genomic sequence. L. asiaticus differentially expresses genes during its transmission from the psyllid vector, Diaphorina citri, to the plant. However, the regulatory mechanisms for the adaptation of the bacterium into either hosts remain unknown. Here we show that LdtR, a MarR family transcriptional regulator, activates or represses transcription genome‐wide. We performed a double approach to identify the components of the LdtR regulon: a transcriptome analysis in both the related bacterium Liberibacter crescens and citrus‐infected leaves, strengthened with an in silico prediction of LdtR regulatory sites. Our results demonstrated that LdtR controls the expression of nearly 180 genes in L. asiaticus, distributed in processes such as cell motility, cell wall biogenesis, energy production, and transcription. These results provide new evidence about the regulatory network of L. asiaticus, where the differential expression of genes from these functional categories could be of great importance during the adaptation of the bacterium to either hosts.
Friends and family: A software program for identification of unrelated individuals from molecular marker data
Authors: de Jager Deon , Swarts Petrus , Harper Cindy , Bloomer Paulette 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe identification of related and unrelated individuals from molecular marker data is often difficult, particularly when no pedigree information is available and the data set is large. High levels of relatedness or inbreeding can influence genotype frequencies and thus genetic marker evaluation, as well as the accurate inference of hidden genetic structure. Identification of related and unrelated individuals is also important in breeding programmes, to inform decisions about breeding pairs and translocations. We present Friends and Family, a Windows executable program with a graphical user interface that identifies unrelated individuals from a pairwise relatedness matrix or table generated in programs such as coancestry and genalex. Friends and Family outputs a list of samples that are all unrelated to each other, based on a user‐defined relatedness cut‐off value. This unrelated data set can be used in downstream analyses, such as marker evaluation or inference of genetic structure. The results can be compared to that of the full data set to determine the effect related individuals have on the analyses. We demonstrate one of the applications of the program: how the removal of related individuals altered the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test outcome for microsatellite markers in an empirical data set. Friends and Family can be obtained from https://github.com/DeondeJager/Friends-and-Family.
Assessing strengths and weaknesses of DNA metabarcoding‐based macroinvertebrate identification for routine stream monitoring
Authors: Elbrecht Vasco , Vamos Ecaterina Edith , Meissner Kristian , Aroviita Jukka , Leese Florian 
Published: May 2017

Summary

DNA metabarcoding holds great promise for the assessment of macroinvertebrates in stream ecosystems. However, few large‐scale studies have compared the performance of DNA metabarcoding with that of routine morphological identification.

We performed metabarcoding using four primer sets on macroinvertebrate samples from 18 stream sites across Finland. The samples were collected in 2013 and identified based on morphology as part of a Finnish stream monitoring program. Specimens were morphologically classified, following standardised protocols, to the lowest taxonomic level for which identification was feasible in the routine national monitoring.

DNA metabarcoding identified more than twice the number of taxa than the morphology‐based protocol, and also yielded a higher taxonomic resolution. For each sample, we detected more taxa by metabarcoding than by the morphological method, and all four primer sets exhibited comparably good performance. Sequence read abundance and the number of specimens per taxon (a proxy for biomass) were significantly correlated in each sample, although the adjusted R2 values were low. With a few exceptions, the ecological status assessment metrics calculated from morphological and DNA metabarcoding datasets were similar. Given the recent reduction in sequencing costs, metabarcoding is currently approximately as expensive as morphology‐based identification.

Using samples obtained in the field, we demonstrated that DNA metabarcoding can achieve comparable assessment results to current protocols relying on morphological identification. Thus, metabarcoding represents a feasible and reliable method to identify macroinvertebrates in stream bioassessment, and offers powerful advantage over morphological identification in providing identification for taxonomic groups that are unfeasible to identify in routine protocols. To unlock the full potential of DNA metabarcoding for ecosystem assessment, however, it will be necessary to address key problems with current laboratory protocols and reference databases.
Deriving ICD‐11 personality disorder domains from dsm‐5 traits: initial attempt to harmonize two diagnostic systems
Authors: Bach B. , Sellbom M. , Kongerslev M. , Simonsen E. , Krueger R. F. , Mulder R. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThe personality disorder domains proposed for the ICD‐11 comprise Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Dissociality, Disinhibition, and Anankastia, which are reasonably concordant with the higher‐order trait domains in the Alternative DSM‐5 Model for Personality Disorders.MethodWe examined (i) whether designated DSM‐5 trait facets can be used to describe the proposed ICD‐11 trait domains, and (ii) how these ICD‐11 trait features are hierarchically organized. A mixed Danish derivation sample (N = 1541) of 615 psychiatric out‐patients and 925 community participants along with a US replication sample (N = 637) completed the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 (PID‐5). Sixteen PID‐5 traits were designated to cover features of the ICD‐11 trait domains.ResultsExploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) analyzes showed that the designated traits were meaningfully organized in the proposed ICD‐11 five‐domain structure as well as other recognizable higher‐order models of personality and psychopathology. Model fits revealed that the five proposed ICD‐11 personality disorder domains were satisfactorily resembled, and replicated in the independent US sample.ConclusionThe proposed ICD‐11 personality disorder domains can be accurately described using designated traits from the DSM‐5 personality trait system. A scoring algorithm for the ICD‐11 personality disorder domains is provided in appendix.
Clinical utility of a short resting‐state MRI scan in differentiating bipolar from unipolar depression
Authors: Li M. , Das T. , Deng W. , Wang Q. , Li Y. , Zhao L. , Ma X. , Wang Y. , Yu H. , Li X. , Meng Y. , Palaniyappan L. , Li T. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveDepression in bipolar disorder (BipD) requires a therapeutic approach that is from treating unipolar major depressive disorder (UniD), but to date, no reliable methods could separate these two disorders. The aim of this study was to establish the clinical validity and utility of a non‐invasive functional MRI‐based method to classify BipD from UniD.MethodThe degree of connectivity (degree centrality or DC) of every small unit (voxel) with every other unit of the brain was estimated in 22 patients with BipD and 22 age, gender, and depressive severity‐matched patients with UniD and 22 healthy controls. Pattern classification analysis was carried out using a support‐vector machine (SVM) approach.ResultsDegree centrality pattern from 8‐min resting fMRI discriminated BipD from UniD with an accuracy of 86% and diagnostic odds ratio of 9.6. DC was reduced in the left insula and increased in bilateral precuneus in BipD when compared to UniD. In this sample with a high degree of uncertainty (50% prior probability), positive predictive value of the DC test was 79%.ConclusionDegree centrality maps are potential candidate measures to separate bipolar depression from unipolar depression. Test performance reported here requires further pragmatic evaluation in regular clinical practice.