bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF BIMODEL VERTICAL WIND SHEAR ON TYPHOON STRUCTURE AND INTENSITY
Authors: Qi‐Hua LI , Han‐Cheng LU , Wei ZHONG , Wei‐Cai TAN , Yuan SUN 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSimulations of Typhoon (Tropical Cyclone) Fitow (2013) are used in this study to analyze the influence of the vertical wind shear (VWS) on its structure and intensity. A vertical wave‐like distribution of VWS is revealed. This wave‐like distribution varies at different stage of typhoon Fitow (2013), and exhibits bimodal structure in the mature stage. It is found that the VWS between the top and bottom of middle troposphere is the major part of the total VWS. The typhoon intensity obviously changes about 6 hours after the distribution mutation of VWS. The different configuration of the secondary circulation induced by bimodal VWS and the typhoon vertical circulation causes the asymmetric structure of the deep convection bands, and they tend to be symmetric gradually with the enhancement of cyclonic circulation. The diagnostic analysis also indicates that the wave‐like distribution of VWS results in the inhomogeneous feature of vorticity forces in vertical direction. And the vorticity forces in the middle and low troposphere favor the development of convective instability. In accordance with the theoretical models, the maximum vertical velocity appears at the same altitude with the inflection of the vertical wind profile. Therefore, the bimodal VWS is crucial to the structure change of deep convection bands and the intensity maintenance in typhoon Fitow(2013). Furthermore, the wave‐like distribution of VWS might be the trigger of instability accounting for the convective‐rolls in typhoon.
Spatial distribution of synapses on tyrosine hydroxylase–expressing juxtaglomerular cells in the mouse olfactory glomerulus
Authors: Kiyokage Emi , Kobayashi Kazuto , Toida Kazunori 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOlfactory sensory axons converge in specific glomeruli where they form excitatory synapses onto dendrites of mitral/tufted (M/T) and juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, including periglomerular (PG), external tufted (ET), and superficial‐short axon cells. JG cells consist of heterogeneous subpopulations with different neurochemical, physiological, and morphological properties. Among JG cells, previous electron microscopic (EM) studies have shown that the majority of synaptic inputs to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐immunoreactive neurons were asymmetrical synapses from olfactory nerve (ON) terminals. However, recent physiological results revealed that 70% of dopaminergic/γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons received polysynaptic inputs via ET cells, whereas the remaining 30% received monosynaptic ON inputs. To understand the discrepancies between EM and physiological data, we used serial EM analysis combined with confocal laser scanning microscope images to examine the spatial distribution of synapses on dendrites using mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of the TH promoter. The majority of synaptic inputs to TH‐expressing JG cells were from ON terminals, and they preferentially targeted distal dendrites from the soma. On the other hand, the numbers of non‐ON inputs were fewer and targeted proximal dendrites. Furthermore, individual TH‐expressing JG cells formed serial synapses, such as M/T→TH→another presumed M/T or ON→TH→presumed M/T, but not reciprocal synapses. Serotonergic fibers also associated with somatic regions of TH neurons, displaying non‐ON profiles. Thus, fewer proximal non‐ON synapses provide more effective inputs than large numbers of distal ON synapses and may occur on the physiologically characterized population of dopaminergic‐GABAergic neurons (70%) that receive their most effective inputs indirectly via an ON→ET→TH circuit. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1059–1074, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An effective graph‐theoretic approach towards simultaneous detection of fault(s) and cut(s) in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Swain Rakesh Ranjan , Dash Tirtharaj , Khilar Pabitra Mohan 
Published: January 2017

SummaryA failed sensor node partitions a wireless sensor network (WSN) into 2 or more disjoint components, which is called as a cut in the network. The cut detection has been considered as a very challenging problem in the WSN research. In this paper, we propose a graph‐theoretic distributed protocol to detect simultaneously the faults and cuts in the WSN. The proposed approach could be accomplished mainly in 3 phases, such that initialization phase, fault detection phase, and a cut detection phase. The protocol is an iterative method where at every time iteration, the node updates its state to calculate the potential factor. We introduced 2 terminologies such as a safe zone or cut zone of the network. The proposed method has been evaluated regarding various performance evaluation measures by implementing the same in the network simulator NS–2.35. The obtained results show that the proposed graph‐theoretic approach is simple yet very powerful for the intended tasks.
Herbivore exclusion promotes a more stochastic plant community assembly in a natural grassland
Authors: Alberti Juan , Bakker Elisabeth S. , van Klink Roel , Olff Han , Smit Christian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBoth bottom‐up (e.g., nutrients) and top‐down (e.g., herbivory) forces structure plant communities, but it remains unclear how they affect the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic processes in plant community assembly. Moreover, different‐sized herbivores have been shown to have contrasting effects on community structure and function, but their effects on the processes governing community assembly (i.e., how they generate the impacts on structure) remain largely unknown. We evaluated the influence of bottom‐up and top‐down forces on the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes during plant community assembly. We used the data of a 7‐yr factorial experiment manipulating nutrient availability (ambient and increased) and the presence of vertebrate herbivores (>1 kg) of different body size in a floodplain grassland in The Netherlands. We used a null model that describes a community composition expected by chance (i.e., stochastic assembly) and compared the plant community composition in the different treatments with this null model (the larger the difference, the more deterministically assembled). Our results showed that herbivore exclusion promoted a more stochastic plant community assembly, whereas increased nutrients played a relatively minor role in determining the relative importance of stochasticity in community assembly. Large herbivores facilitated intermediate‐sized mammal herbivores, resulting in synergistic effects of enhanced grazing pressure and a more deterministic and convergent plant community assembly. We conclude that herbivores can act as strong deterministic forces during community assembly in natural systems. Our results also reveal that although large‐ and intermediate‐sized mammal herbivores often have contrasting effects on many community and ecosystem properties, they can also synergistically homogenize plant communities.
Staff training and outreach support for Cognitive Stimulation Therapy and its implementation in practice: a cluster randomised trial
Authors: Streater Amy , Spector Aimee , Hoare Zoe , Aguirre Elisa , Russell Ian , Orrell Martin 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveThere is evidence that Cognitive Stimulation Therapy and maintenance Cognitive Stimulation Therapy are effective in mild to moderate dementia. There is, however, little evidence available for its implementation in practice and the impact of outreach support on the sustainability of the programme.MethodsTwo hundred and forty‐one staff members were randomised from 63 dementia care settings between outreach support including an online forum, email, and telephone support, compared to usual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy control group. The primary outcome was average number of attendees to the Cognitive Stimulation Therapy and maintenance Cognitive Stimulation Therapy programmes.ResultsThere was no difference in average number of attendees between the intervention and usual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy control groups for the Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (p = 0.82) or the maintenance Cognitive Stimulation Therapy programme (p = 0.97).ConclusionsOutreach support does not affect the average number of people with dementia attending the Cognitive Stimulation Therapy or maintenance Cognitive Stimulation Therapy programme. Irrespective of outreach support, the programmes remain widely implemented and yield perceived benefits for people with dementia. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distortion of the ligand molecule as a strategy for modulating binding affinity: Further studies involving complexes of jacalin with β‐substituted disaccharides
Authors: Abhinav K. V. , Sharma Kaushal , Surolia A. , Vijayan Mamannamana 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCrystal structures of jacalin in complex with GlcNAc β‐(1,3) Gal‐β‐OMe and Gal β‐(1,3) Gal‐β‐OMe have been determined. The binding of the ligands to jacalin is similar to that of analogous α‐substituted disaccharides. However, the β‐substituted β‐(1,3) linked disaccharides get distorted at the anomeric center and the glycosidic linkage. The distortion results in higher internal energies of the ligands leading to lower affinity to the lectin. This confirms the possibility of using ligand distortion as a strategy for modulating binding affinity. Unlike in the case of β‐substituted monosaccharides bound to jacalin, where a larger distortion at the anomeric center was observed, smaller distortions are distributed among two centers in the structures of the two β‐substituted β‐(1,3) linked disaccharides presented here. These disaccharides, like the unsubstituted and α‐substituted counterparts, bind jacalin with the reducing Gal at the primary binding site, indicating that the lower binding affinity of β‐substituted disaccharides is not enough to overcome the intrinsic propensity of Gal β‐(1,3) Gal‐based disaccharides to bind jacalin with the reducing sugar at the primary site. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(2):72–78, 2017
Identification of two novel isoforms of mouse NUR77 lacking N‐terminal domains
Authors: Rehman Sayeed ur , Sarwar Tarique , Husain Mohammed Amir , Ishqi Hassan Mubarak , Tabish Mohammad 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNur77 is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily that acts as a transcription factor and regulates expression of multiple genes. Subcellular localization of Nur77 protein plays an important role in the survival and cell death. In this study, we have predicted and confirmed alternatively spliced two new transcripts of Nur77 gene in mouse. The newly identified transcripts have their alternatively spliced first exon located upstream of published 5′‐UTR of the gene. Transcription factor binding sites in the possible promoter regions of these transcripts were also analyzed. Expression of novel transcript variants was found to be significantly lower than the already published transcript. New transcript variants encode for NUR77 protein isoforms which are significantly smaller in size due to lack of transactivation domain and a part of DNA binding domain. Western blot analysis using NUR77 specific antibody confirmed the existence of these smaller variants in mouse. Localization of these new isoforms was predicted to be majorly outside the nucleus. In silico analysis of the conceptually translated proteins was performed using different bioinformatics tools. The results obtained in this study offer further insight into novel area of research on extensively studied Nur77. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(2):106–114, 2017
Detoxification of benzo[a]pyrene primarily depends on cytochrome P450, while bioactivation involves additional oxidoreductases including 5‐lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, and aldo‐keto reductase in the liver
Authors: Wang Liupeng , Xu Wenwei , Ma Leilei , Zhang Suxing , Zhang Kezhi , Ye Peizhen , Xing Guozhen , Zhang Xuefeng , Cao Yiyi , Xi Jing , Gu Jun , Luan Yang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCytochrome P450s are involved in detoxification and activation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) with unclear balance and unknown contribution of other oxidoreductases. Here, we investigated the BaP and BaP‐induced mutagenicity in hepatic and extra‐hepatic tissues using hepatic P450 reductase null (HRN) gpt mice. After 2‐week treatment (50 mg/kg, i.p. 4 days), BaP in the liver and lung of HRN‐gpt mice were increased. BaP promoted gpt mutant frequency (MF) in HRN‐gpt mice liver. MF of gpt in the lung and Pig‐a in hematopoietic cells induced by BaP in HRN‐gpt mice were increased than in gpt mice. BaP‐7,8‐diol‐9,10‐epoxide (BPDE)‐DNA adducts in vitro was analyzed for enzymes detection in BaP bioactivation. Specific inhibitors of 5‐lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase‐1&2, and aldo‐keto reductase resulted in more than 80% inhibition rate in the DNA adduct formation, further confirmed by Macaca fascicularis hepatic S9 system. Our results suggested the detoxification of BaP primarily depends on cytochrome P450, while the bioactivation involves additional oxidoreductases.
The selectivity of protein‐imprinted gels and its relation to protein properties: A computer simulation study
Authors: Yankelov Rami , Yungerman Irena , Srebnik Simcha 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPolymer‐based protein recognition systems have enormous potential within clinical and diagnostic fields due to their reusability, biocompatibility, ease of manufacturing, and potential specificity. Imprinted polymer matrices have been extensively studied and applied as a simple technique for creating artificial polymer‐based recognition gels for a target molecule. Although this technique has been proven effective when targeting small molecules (such as drugs), imprinting of proteins have so far resulted in materials with limited selectivity due to the large molecular size of the protein and aqueous environment. Using coarse‐grained molecular simulation, we investigate the relation between protein makeup, polymer properties, and the selectivity of imprinted gels. Nonspecific binding that results in poor selectivity is shown to be strongly dependent on surface chemistry of the template and competitor proteins as well as on polymer chemistry. Residence time distributions of proteins diffusing within the gels provide a transparent picture of the relation between polymer constitution, protein properties, and the nonspecific interactions with the imprinted gel. The pronounced effect of protein surface chemistry on imprinted gel specificity is demonstrated.
Using a pattern‐oriented approach to study leaders: Implications for burnout and perceived role demand
Authors: Arnold Kara A. , Connelly Catherine E. , Gellatly Ian R. , Walsh Megan M. , Withey Michael J. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryUsing a pattern‐oriented approach, we identified clusters of leaders who shared theoretically meaningful combinations of transformational, contingent reward, management by exception active, management by exception passive, and laissez‐faire leadership styles. Drawing upon conservation of resources theory, we examined whether leaders who shared a similar pattern of leadership styles differed from leaders who belonged to other profile groups, with respect to felt burnout and perceived role demands. Hypotheses were tested using a time‐lagged field study involving 183 leaders. Using latent profile analyses, we found four theoretically interpretable patterns. Leaders who belonged to the comprehensive cluster (elevated scores on the transformational, contingent reward, and the passive styles; 14.2%) experienced the highest levels of burnout and role demands, whereas those who were disengaged (low scores on all styles; 33.3%) reported the lowest levels. Leaders who exhibited a passive behavioral pattern (elevated scores on management by exception active, management by exception passive, and laissez‐faire relative to the other styles; 27.3%) experienced more burnout and role demands than did leaders who exhibited an optimal pattern (elevated scores on transformational and contingent reward styles relative to the passive styles; 25.1%). The theoretical and practical implications of a pattern‐oriented approach to leadership research were discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biohydrogel induced soil–water interactions: how to untangle the gel effect? A review
Authors: Brax Mathilde , Buchmann Christian , Schaumann Gabriele Ellen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBiohydrogels such as microbial exudates and root‐derived mucilage are soil‐born cross‐linked polymers, able to form porous three‐dimensional networks during water uptake. The gel effect is the variation of soil properties, such as soil hydrology and soil structural stability, resulting from biohydrogel swelling in soil. Conventionally, soil–water–hydrogel interactions are investigated by measuring soil bulk properties such as water retention curves and porosity, without further analyzing the effect of biohydrogel phases in soil on a quantitative basis. Therefore, the evaluation of advanced and novel methods for the characterization of biohydrogel phases in soil and soil–water–hydrogel interactions is necessary. This review evaluates currently available methods for their potential to analyze processes associated to the gel effect.A promising approach to investigate the spatio‐temporal distribution of biohydrogel phases in porous media is based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) such as 1H‐NMR relaxometry, as well as on imaging techniques such as Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM). Especially NMR techniques enable the identification of different water populations based on their differences in the relaxation, and thus the mobility of water molecules in biohydrogels and non‐gel water in soil pores.Rheology measures the flow behavior of biohydrogels, providing information on the structural behavior of the hydrogel network and its gelling mechanism. Soil rheology further quantifies the effect of the biohydrogel phases on the interactions between soil particles, and thus the impact on soil microstructural stability. However, rheology does not elucidate the spatio‐temporal distribution and structural state of biohydrogel phases in soil.All in all, a systematic combination of rheology, NMR and suitable imaging methods seems promising and necessary in order to elucidate the still widely unknown gel effect in soil.
Iterative methods for solving a poroelastic shell model of Naghdi's type
Authors: Ljulj Matko , Tambača Josip 
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we first formulate a linear quasi‐static poroelastic shell model of Naghdi's type. The model is given in three unknowns: displacement
of the middle surface, infinitesimal rotation
of the cross section of the shell, and the pressure π. The model has the structure of the quasi‐static Biot's system and can be seen as a system of the shell equation with pressure term as forcing and the parabolic type equation for the pressure with divergence of the filtration velocity as forcing term. On the basis of the ideas of the operator splitting methods, we formulate two sequences of approximate solutions, corresponding to ‘undrained split’ and ‘fixed stress split’ methods. We show that these sequences converge to the solution of the poroelastic shell model. Therefore, the iterations constitute two numerical methods for the model.Moreover, both methods are optimized in a certain sense producing schemes with smallest contraction coefficient and thus faster convergence rates. Also, these convergences imply existence of solutions for the model. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating magnetic susceptibility of human knee joint at 7 Tesla
Authors: Wei Hongjiang , Dibb Russell , Decker Kyle , Wang Nian , Zhang Yuyao , Zong Xiaopeng , Lin Weili , Nissman Daniel B. , Liu Chunlei 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the magnetic susceptibility properties of different anatomical structures within the knee joint using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).MethodsA collagen tissue model was simulated and ex vivo animal cartilage experiments were conducted at 9.4 Tesla (T) to evaluate the B0 orientation‐dependent magnetic susceptibility contrast observed in cartilage. Furthermore, nine volunteers (six healthy subjects without knee pain history and three patients with known knee injury, between 29 and 58 years old) were scanned using gradient‐echo acquisitions on a high‐field 7T MR scanner. Susceptibility values of different tissues were quantified and diseased cartilage and meniscus were compared against that of healthy volunteers.ResultsSimulation and ex vivo animal cartilage experiments demonstrated that collagen fibrils exhibit an anisotropic susceptibility. A gradual change of magnetic susceptibility was observed in the articular cartilage from the superficial zone to the deep zone, forming a multilayer ultrastructure consistent with anisotropy of collagen fibrils. Meniscal tears caused a clear reduction of susceptibility contrast between the injured meniscus and surrounding cartilage illustrated by a loss of the sharp boundaries between the two. Moreover, QSM showed more dramatic contrast in the focal degenerated articular cartilage than
mapping.ConclusionThe arrangement of the collagen fibrils is significant, and likely the most dominant source of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy. Quantitative susceptibility mapping offers a means to characterize magnetic susceptibility properties of tissues in the knee joint. It is sensitive to collagen damage or degeneration and may be useful for evaluating the status of knee diseases, such as meniscal tears and cartilage disease. Magn Reson Med 78:1933–1943, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Diffusion‐compensated tofts model suggests contrast leakage through aneurysm wall
Authors: Cantrell Charles G. , Vakil Parmede , Jeong Yong , Ansari Sameer A. , Carroll Timothy J. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the diffusional transport of contrast agent and its effects on kinetic modeling of dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) images.MethodsWe performed simulations of our diffusion‐compensated model and compared these results to human intracranial aneurysms (IAs). We derive an easy‐to‐use parameterization of diffusional effects that can provide an accurate estimate of diffusion corrected contrast agent leakage rates (ktrans). Finally, we performed re‐ansalysis of an existing data set to determine whether diffusion‐corrected kinetic parameters improve the identification of high‐risk IAs, thereby providing a new MRI‐based imaging metric of IA stability based on wall integrity.ResultsProbability distributions of simulated versus measured data show contrast leakage away from the aneurysm wall. Parameterization of diffusional effects on ktrans showed high correlation with long‐chain methods in both surrounding tissue and near the aneurysm wall (r2 = 0.91 and r2 = 0.90, respectively). Finally, size, ktrans, and (
) showed significant univariate relationships with rupture risk (P < 0.05).ConclusionsWe report the first evidence of diffusion‐compensated permeability modeling in intracranial aneurysms and propose a parameterization of diffusional effects on ktrans. Furthermore, a comparison of measured versus simulated data suggests that contrast leakage occurs across the aneurysm wall. Magn Reson Med 78:2388–2398, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.