bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontal Bone Hemangioma in an 8-year-old Female: A Common Tumor in a Rare Location
Authors: Sharma Abhimanyu , Singh Usha Rani , Sihag Prateek 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIntraosseous hemangioma is a rare bone tumor accounting for 0.7%–1.0% of all bone tumors. In the skull, frontal bone is the commonly involved bone. An 8-year-old female presented to our outpatient department with complaints of pain and swelling over forehead for 4 months. X-ray revealed a lytic expansile lesion involving frontal bone with sunburst pattern of bony spicules radiating to periphery of the lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of a well-circumscribed lesion with both intra as well as extracranial components. Histopathology revealed a vascular tumor consisting of both small (capillary) and large (cavernous) sized vessels. A diagnosis of mixed type of hemangioma of the frontal bone was given. Recognition of hemangioma on radiology and confirmation by histopathology is essential for proper management as it might be confused clinically with other locally aggressive/malignant lesions.
Primary Sacral Hydatid Cyst Mimicking a Neurogenic Tumor in Chronic Low Back Pain: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Segura-Trepichio Manuel , Montoza-Nuñez Jose Manuel , Candela-Zaplana David , Herrero-Santacruz Josefa , Pla-Mingorance Fernando 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTHydatid disease is caused by infection of Echinococcus granulosus. Bone hydatid cyst presentation without hepatic affectation is infrequent and occurs in 0,5-2% of cases. This rare condition makes clinicians not always aware of the disease, and as a result, misdiagnosis of spinal echinococcosis is common. We present a case of a 48-year-old female patient with primary sacral hydatidosis. Chronic low back pain radiating to the left buttock was the only symptom. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a neurogenic tumor versus giant cell tumor. Biopsy and pathological study revealed a hydatid cyst. Anthelmintic and surgical treatment was performed. At 12 months after surgery, the patient is free of recurrence. In patients with chronic low back pain and a MR suggestive of neurogenic tumor, spinal hydatid cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis. It is recommended the assistance of an anesthesiologist during biopsy to avoid an anaphylactic shock.
Successful Endovascular Neurosurgical Practice in Resource-poor Exclusive Rural Neuro-hospital Setup
Authors: Harsha Kamble Jayaprakash 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this study to evaluate the feasibility of establishing endovascular neurosurgery in remote resource-poor neuro-hospital setup and evaluate its outcome. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic endovascular neurosurgical procedures performed during September 2013–June 2016. Results: A total of 174 diagnostic cerebral and spinal digital subtraction angiograms and 70 major endovascular neurosurgeries were performed during the period. The endovascular neurosurgical procedures included 54 aneurysms coiled, 4 cerebral arteriovenous malformation embolization, 2 dural arteriovenous fistulas embolization, 2 cerebral tumor embolizations, 2 intracranial stentings, 5 extracranial carotid stentings, 1 transverse sinus stenting. No complications were seen during diagnostic procedures. Operation related morbidity of 1.4% and mortality of 1.4% seen, with a procedural success rate of 97.2%. Conclusion: Endovascular neurosurgery is feasible in resource-poor remote rural exclusive neuro-hospital setup with procedural success rate and outcomes comparable to existing literature.
Relationship between Pelvic Alignment and Weight-bearing Asymmetry in Community-dwelling Chronic Stroke Survivors
Authors: Karthikbabu Suruliraj , Chakrapani Mahabala , Ganesan Sailakshmi , Ellajosyula Ratnavalli 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Altered pelvic alignment and asymmetrical weight bearing on lower extremities are the most common findings observed in standing and walking after stroke. The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between pelvic alignment and weight-bearing asymmetry (WBA) in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care rehabilitation centers. In standing, the lateral and anterior pelvic tilt angle of chronic stroke survivors was assessed using palpation (PALM™) meter device. The percentage of WBA was measured with two standard weighing scales. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to study the correlation between pelvic tilt and WBA. Results: Of 112 study participants, the mean (standard deviation) age was 54.7 (11.7) years and the poststroke duration was 14 (11) months. The lateral pelvic tilt on the most affected side and bilateral anterior pelvic tilt were 2.47 (1.8) and 4.4 (1.8) degree, respectively. The percentage of WBA was 23.2 (18.94). There was a high correlation of lateral pelvic tilt with WBA (r = 0.631; P < 0.001) than anterior pelvic tilt (r = 0.44; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Excessive lateral pelvic tilt toward the most affected side in standing may influence the weight-bearing ability of the ipsilateral lower extremity in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors.
Using Multistate Observational Studies to Determine Role of Hypertension and Diabetes as Risk Factors for Dementia
Authors: Singh Mitasha , Raj Des , Raina Sunil Kumar , Gandhi Manoj Kumar , Chander Vishav 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Evidence suggests that modifiable risk factors which can be targeted by prevention are vascular diseases, such as diabetes, midlife hypertension (HTN), midlife obesity, midlife cholesterol, mid- and late-life depression as well as lifestyle factors such as smoking, physical inactivity, and poor diet. Methods: A comprehensive search of the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database and Google Scholar was conducted. A combinations of medical subject headings and free text words that included search terms related to the exposure (e.g., prevalence, HTN, raised BP, high BP, diabetes, high blood sugar, DM, India, state), were combined with search terms related to the outcomes (e.g., prevalence, disease burden, estimate, dementia, India). The filters included were English for the language category and humans for the study category. Results: The PubMed search initially identified 269 references, and a total of 204 abstracts were screened by inclusion criteria. Full-text assessment of 136 articles on prevalence of dementia resulted in 20 relevant articles from which the different regions of the country were identified. Based on the search conducted according to the regions; 287abstracts of the prevalence of HTN and 577 on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus were screened. There were 43 full-text articles on the prevalence of HTN and diabetes from the regions where the prevalence of dementia was available. Of these potentially relevant articles were 14 in number. Conclusion: Despite the uncertainty in the role, the data analysis, therefore, points to a role in the prevention of HTN and diabetes to prevent dementia.
The Association between Sagittal Index, Canal Compromise, Loss of Vertebral Body Height, and Severity of Spinal Cord Injury in Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures
Authors: Yüksel Mehmet Onur , Gürbüz Mehmet Sabri , Gök Şevki , Karaarslan Numan , İş Merih , Berkman Mehmet Zafer 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Aim: Our aim was to determine whether a combination of sagittal index (SI), canal compromise (CC), and loss of vertebral body height (LVBH) is associated with the severity of neurological injury in patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures. Materials and Methods: Seventy-four patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture undergoing instrumentation between 2010 and 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The degree of neurological injury was determined using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scoring system. The association between the morphology of the fracture and the severity of neurological injury was analyzed. Results: There was a strong association between fracture morphology and the severity of neurological injury. Of the patients, 77.5% with SI ≥20°, 81.6% with CC ≥40%, and 100% with LVBH ≥50% had lesion according to ASIA. All of 7 patients with ASIA A had SI ≥20°, CC ≥40%, and LVBH ≥50%. On the other hand, 79% of the patients with ASIA E had SI <20°, 83.7% of the patients with ASIA E had CC <40%, and all of the patients with ASIA E had LVBH <50%. SI, CC, and LVBH were lower in neurologically intact patients (ASIA E), whereas they were higher in patients with neurological deficits (ASIA A, B, C, D) (P = 0.001; P < 0.01). These measurements had 100% negative predictive values and relatively high positive predictive values. Conclusion: SI, CC, and LVBH are significantly associated with the severity of neurological injury in patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures. The patients with SI >25°, the patients with CC >40%, and the patients with LVBH >50% are likely to have a more severe neurological injury.
Determination nurses’ knowledge about initial drugs used during emergency management of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Mustafa Hassanat Elbashir Mohamed , Elfaki Badria Abd Alla Mohamed 
Published: December 2016

Objective: Acute myocardial infarction is a life threatening condition that influences the physical, psychological and social dimensions of the individual. The aim of this study was conducted to determine nurses’ knowledge of initial treatment during an emergency management of patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods: A descriptive study was used. The standardized administered questionnaires were administered on 139 critical care nurses who are employed in five teaching hospitals at Khartoum state/Sudan. Data processed using the statistical package software (SPSS); version 19, Chi-Square test was used, p-value of < .05 considered statistically significant for the analysis.Results: The study results revealed that the total mean knowledge scores of the studied subjects related to the initial treatment of acute myocardium infarction was found to be low than bench mark with t & p values (t = 6.87 at p = .000). Also, most of studied subjects had poor level of knowledge regarding thrombolytic agents specifically about characteristics of streptokinase, indications, contraindications and complications; even among trained nurses (p values = .000).Conclusions: The studied subjects had poor levels of knowledge related to the drugs used for initial management of acute myocardial infarction specifically those related to understanding the thrombolytic agents.
Identified Research Gaps in Employee Engagement
Authors: Iddagoda Y. Anuradha , Opatha H.H.D.N.P. 
Published: December 2016

This research paper sets out to investigate the research gaps in employee engagement for systematic empirical investigations, in order to substantiate future studies. A desk research has contributed to identify seven gaps in employee engagement. The first gap which is about the conceptual confusion, can be minimized by formulating a working definition of employee engagement. The nonexistence of theoretical arguments and empirical tests on the impact of the religiosity on employee engagement, in both the Sri Lankan and in the international contexts, has been identified as the second gap. The third gap has been identified to be the fact that the rapport between personal character and employee engagement being, neither theoretically argued nor empirically tested, in Sri Lankan and the international contexts. The fourth gap is the unavailability of studies in the Sri Lankan context as to how the high performance work practices (HPWPs) impact on employee engagement. The fifth gap identified is the shortage of empirical evidence regarding the link between employee engagement and organizational financial performance in the Sri Lankan context. Absence of empirical evidence on employee job performance to be an intervening variable for employee engagement and organizational financial performance is brought up as the sixth gap. The same absence is found in empirical evidence about religiosity, HPWPs, personal character, leadership and work life balance that significantly affect employee engagement in a nomological network in the Sri Lankan context as well as in the international context, which is the seventh Gap.
Experiments versus theory for the initiation and propagation of radial hydraulic fractures in low‐permeability materials
Authors: Lecampion B. , Desroches J. , Jeffrey R. G. , Bunger A. P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe compare numerical predictions of the initiation and propagation of radial fluid‐driven fractures with laboratory experiments performed in different low‐permeability materials (PMMA, cement). In particular, we choose experiments where the time evolution of several quantities (fracture width, radius, and wellbore pressure) was accurately measured and for which the material and injection parameters were known precisely. Via a dimensional analysis, we discuss in detail the different physical phenomena governing the initiation and early stage of growth of radial hydraulic fractures from a notched wellbore. The scaling analysis notably clarifies the occurrence of different regimes of propagation depending on the injection rate, system compliance, material parameters, wellbore, and initial notch sizes. In particular, the comparisons presented here provide a clear evidence of the difference between the wellbore pressure at which a fracture initiates and the maximum pressure recorded during a test (also known as the breakdown pressure). The scaling analysis identifies the dimensionless numbers governing the strong fluid‐solid effects at the early stage of growth, which are responsible for the continuous increase of the wellbore pressure after the initiation of the fracture. Our analysis provides a simple way to quantify these early time effects for any given laboratory or field configuration. The good agreement between theoretical predictions and experiments also validates the current state of the art hydraulic fracture mechanics models, at least for the simple fracture geometry investigated here.
Estimation of atmospheric aerosol composition from ground‐based remote sensing measurements of Sun‐sky radiometer
Authors: Xie Y. S. , Li Z. Q. , Zhang Y. X. , Zhang Y. , Li D. H. , Li K. T. , Xu H. , Zhang Y. , Wang Y. Q. , Chen X. F. , Schauer J. J. , Bergin M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRemote sensing provides aerosol loading information, but to address climate and air quality model validation, there are additional needs to acquire aerosol composition information. In this study, a comprehensive aerosol composition model is established to quantify black carbon (BC), brown carbon (BrC), mineral dust (DU), particulate organic matters, ammonium sulfate like (AS), sea salt, and aerosol water uptake. We develop forward modeling of aerosol components, including microphysical parameters (real and imaginary refractive indices, volume fraction ratio of fine to coarse mode, and sphericity) and hygroscopic growth models, and propose an optimization scheme to estimate the components. The uncertainties caused by input parameters are also assessed. Sun‐sky radiometer measurements and meteorological data obtained during a campaign in Huairou, Beijing, are processed to estimate aerosol components, which are further compared with synchronous in situ chemical measurements. The results show generally good consistencies between remotely estimated and measured components (e.g., correlation coefficients for BC, BrC, AS, and PM2.5 lie in about 0.8–0.9). The comparisons between modeled and observed microphysical parameters also show good agreements, with the exception of sphericity, which is likely caused by high uncertainties of this parameter. Sensitivity studies show that BC and BrC are highly sensitive to imaginary refractive index, while DU is strongly correlated to both volume size and sphericity. The performance of composition retrieval is expected to be improved when the sphericity uncertainty is significantly reduced.
The melanoma‐linked “redhead” MC1R influences dopaminergic neuron survival
Authors: Chen Xiqun , Chen Hongxiang , Cai Waijiao , Maguire Michael , Ya Bailiu , Zuo Fuxing , Logan Robert , Li Hui , Robinson Katey , Vanderburg Charles R. , Yu Yang , Wang Yinsheng , Fisher David E. , Schwarzschild Michael A. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveIndividuals with Parkinson disease are more likely to develop melanoma, and melanoma patients are reciprocally at higher risk of developing Parkinson disease. Melanoma is strongly tied to red hair/fair skin, a phenotype of loss‐of‐function polymorphisms in the MC1R (melanocortin 1 receptor) gene. Loss‐of‐function variants of MC1R have also been linked to increased risk of Parkinson disease. The present study is to investigate the role of MC1R in dopaminergic neurons in vivo.MethodsGenetic and pharmacological approaches were employed to manipulate MC1R, and nigrostriatal dopaminergic integrity was determined by comprehensive behavioral, neurochemical, and neuropathological measures.ResultsMC1Re/e mice, which carry an inactivating mutation of MC1R and mimic the human redhead phenotype, have compromised nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal integrity, and they are more susceptible to dopaminergic neuron toxins 6‐hydroxydopamine and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Furthermore, a selective MC1R agonist protects against MPTP‐induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity.InterpretationOur findings reveal a protective role of MC1R in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, and they provide a rationale for MC1R as a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson disease. Together with its established role in melanoma, MC1R may represent a common pathogenic pathway for melanoma and Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 2017;81:395–406
Application of organic solvent nanofiltration for microalgae extract concentration
Authors: Lopresto Catia Giovanna , Darvishmanesh Siavash , Ehsanzadeh Arash , Amelio Antonio , Mazinani Saeed , Ramazani Roozbeh , Calabrò Vincenza , Van der Bruggen Bart 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMicroalgae lipids hold significant potential as a biofuel feedstock. The high‐lipid content found in some species of microalgae is a major superiority over other sources. Furthermore, they have a high production rate record per area and survive in areas not already used for food production. This study considered the use of an integrated membrane process for oil extraction from microalgae. Different technologies were explored for laboratory‐scale microalgae oil extraction, including the use of organic solvents, but they would require a further purification. Organic solvent nanofiltration (ONF) was employed for separation of solvent from oil: the solvent passed through the dense polymeric membrane while oil molecules were rejected by the membrane. Since different organic solvents were used in literature for oil extraction from microalgae, this study examined different oil‐solvent mixtures and their separation by commercial hydrophobic and hydrophilic membranes. Experimental results showed that the new generation of ONF membranes has a superior performance compared to the previously used membranes. Based on rejection tests of oil in ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone, the applicability of the new commercial membranes for solvent recovery was demonstrated. Hydrophobic membranes had superior performances when oil was extracted using n‐hexane as the solvent, whereas methanol miscella had the highest flux and rejection in hydrophilic membranes. Finally, the conventional and hybrid approach were simulated in Aspen. The approach including nanofiltration saves around 97% of the energy requirements for the separation. In terms of economic costs, the conventional alternative is slightly more convenient in a short‐term situation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Chirality‐specific lift forces of helix under shear flows: Helix perpendicular to shear plane
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Yi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractChiral objects in shear flow experience a chirality‐specific lift force. Shear flows past helices in a low Reynolds number regime were studied using slender‐body theory. The chirality‐specific lift forces in the vorticity direction experienced by helices are dominated by a set of helix geometry parameters: helix radius, pitch length, number of turns, and helix phase angle. Its analytical formula is given. The chirality‐specific forces are the physical reasons for the chiral separation of helices in shear flow. Our results are well supported by the latest experimental observations.
Fine coal desulphurization and microwave energy absorption behaviour by microwave magnetic separation
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhou Chenyang , Zhao Yuemin , Cai Luhui , Fan Xuchen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMicrowave energy has been used to improve the coal‐pyrite magnetism, while magnetic medium has been added to enhance the microwave energy. Hence, there will be a secondary gradient magnetic chain, which can improve the desulphurization process through magnetic separation. Microwave energy and medium synergistic effects are able to readily improve the magnetic desulphurization process for fine coal. The present paper has studied the impact of microwave energy on the magnetic desulphurization process for fine coal. Intrinsic electromagnetic parameters of different materials were used to analyze and predict the equivalent dielectric parameters of the fine coal layer. The electromagnetic parameter according to the effective medium theory equation for fine coal was established. Coal specific susceptibility is related to pyrite content and pyrrhotite content in pyrite. The specific susceptibility values for the three types of coals were found to be in the following order: Lu'an (LA) coal > Weinan (WN) coal > Yiluo (YL) coal. The most suitable value for LA high‐sulphur coal's sulphur content after being separated by dry type rare earth roll strong magnetic separator appeared to be 60 s delayed in nitrogen atmosphere compared to the corresponding value in an air atmosphere. LA fine coal sulphur content reduced to 2.05 % from 3.66 %, and the microwave magnetic separation desulphurization rate was 44 %.
Long Persistent Phosphorescence of Crystalline Phenylboronic Acid Derivatives: Photophysics and a Mechanistic Study
Authors: Kuno Shinichi , Kanamori Takashi , Yijing Zhao , Ohtani Hiroyuki , Yuasa Hideya 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRoom‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of crystalline isophthalic acid (IPA) through hyperfine‐coupling‐driven (HFC‐driven) intersystem crossing in charge‐transfer (CT) complexes has been discovered recently, giving rise to a new design method for phosphorescence materials and photosensitizers. In this study, we found that crystalline phenylboronic acid (PB) derivatives also demonstrated RTP, as recorded for IPA. Magnetic‐field and spin‐isotope effects on the emission strength intensities of PBs were typical of HFC‐driven phosphorescence. p‐Halogenated PB esters exhibited a heavy‐atom effect with a shortened emission lifetime as expected from the study of IPA. Unlike IPA, the esters of PBs also showed RTP, which facilitates a study of the structure/photophysical property relationships by exchanging ester head groups. We then addressed a question: do PB esters with a bulky head group prohibit CT formation and thus phosphorescence? As a result, a bulky PB ester with large intermolecular distances in its crystalline form showed neither CT absorptions nor phosphorescence, confirming the significance of CT formation in the HFC mechanism.