bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermediaries, Firm Heterogeneity and Exporting Behaviour
Authors: Lu Jiangyong , Lu Yi , Sun Yi , Tao Zhigang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present one of the first work on the relation between firm productivity and exporting behaviour in the presence of intermediaries. Using a standard trade framework à la Melitz (2003, Econometrica, 71, 6, 1695) and Chaney (2009, American Economic Review, 98, 4, 1707), we find that the most productive firms have sales in the home country and also exporting directly to foreign countries, followed by firms with sales in the home country and exporting both directly and through intermediaries, by firms with sales in the home country and exporting through intermediaries, and finally by firms with sales in the home country only. These theoretical predictions are borne out in a data set of 12,679 firms in 29 developing economies during the 2002–06 period.
Role of Daptomycin on Burn Wound Healing in an Animal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Model
Authors: Simonetti Oriana , Lucarini Guendalina , Orlando Fiorenza , Pierpaoli Elisa , Ghiselli Roberto , Provinciali Mauro , Castelli Pamela , Guerrieri Mario , Di Primio Roberto , Offidani Annamaria , Giacometti Andrea , Cirioni Oscar 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Prolonged hospitalization and antibiotic therapy are risk factors for the development of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infections in thermal burn patients. We used a rat model to study the
in vivo
efficacy of daptomycin in the treatment of burn wound infections by
S. aureus
, and we evaluated the wound healing process through morphological and immunohistochemical analysis. A copper bar heated in boiling water was applied on a paraspinal site of each rat, resulting in two full-thickness burns. A small gauze was placed over each burn and inoculated with 5 × 10
7
CFU of
S. aureus
ATCC 43300. The study included two uninfected control groups with and without daptomycin treatment, an infected control group that did not receive any treatment, and two infected groups treated, respectively, with intraperitoneal daptomycin and teicoplanin. The main outcome measures were quantitative culture, histological evaluation of tissue repair, and immunohistochemical expression of wound healing markers: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). The highest inhibition of infection was achieved in the group that received daptomycin, which reduced the bacterial load from 10
7
CFU/ml to about 10
3
CFU/g (
P
< 0.01). The groups treated with daptomycin showed better overall healing with epithelialization and significantly higher collagen scores than the other groups, and these findings were also confirmed by immunohistochemical data. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that daptomycin is an important modulator of wound repair by possibly reducing hypertrophic burn scar formation.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates in Nepal Coproducing Metallo-β-Lactamases and 16S rRNA Methyltransferases
Authors: Tada Tatsuya , Shimada Kayo , Satou Kazuhito , Hirano Takashi , Pokhrel Bharat M. , Sherchand Jeevan B. , Kirikae Teruo 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

A total of 11 multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
clinical isolates were obtained in Nepal. Four of these isolates harbored genes encoding one or more carbapenemases (DIM-1, NDM-1, and/or VIM-2), and five harbored genes encoding a 16S rRNA methyltransferase (RmtB4 or RmtF2). A novel RmtF variant, RmtF2, had a substitution (K65E) compared with the same gene in RmtF. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing carbapenemase- and 16S rRNA methyltransferase-coproducing
P. aeruginosa
clinical isolates in Nepal.
Colonisation of Irish patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease byStreptococcus pneumoniaeand analysis of the pneumococcal vaccine coverage: a non-interventional, observational, prospective cohort study
Authors: McCarthy Hannah , Jackson Mandy , Corcoran Mary , McElligott Martha , MacHale Elaine , Sulaiman Imran , Cushen Breda , Costello Richard W , Humpreys Hilary 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo characterise the pattern of colonisation and serotypes ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeamong patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who currently receive the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23) according to vaccination status, use of antibiotics and steroids. To investigate the prevalence of PPV-23 and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) serotypes within the study cohort.DesignA non-interventional, observational, prospective cohort study with a 12 -month follow-up period inclusive of quarterly study visits.SettingBeaumont Hospital and The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Clinical Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.ParticipantsPatients with an established diagnosis of COPD attending a tertiary medical centre.Primary outcome measureColonisation rate ofS. pneumoniaein patients with COPD and characterisation of serotypes ofS. pneumoniaewith correlation to currently available pneumococcal vaccines. Sputum and oropharyngeal swab samples were collected for the isolation ofS. pneumoniae.Secondary outcome measureSeasonality of colonisation ofS. pneumoniaeand its relationship with the incidence of exacerbations of COPD.ResultsS. pneumoniaewas detected in 16 of 417 samples, a colonisation incident rate of 3.8% and in 11 of 133 (8%) patients at least once during the study. The majority ofS. pneumoniaeisolates were identified in spring and were non-vaccine serotypes for either the PPV-23 or PCV-13 (63%). The colonisation incident rate ofS. pneumoniaefluctuated over the four seasons with a peak of 6.6% in spring and the lowest rate of 2.2% occurring during winter. Antibiotic use was highest during periods of low colonisation.ConclusionsThere is seasonal variation inS. pneumoniaecolonisation among patients with COPD which may reflect antibiotic use in autumn and winter. The predominance of non-vaccine types suggests that PCV-13 may have limited impact among patients with COPD in Ireland who currently receive PPV-23.Trial registration numberNCT02535546; post-results.
Normative visual acuity in Chinese preschoolers aged 36 to <48 months as measured with the linear HOTV chart: the Yuhuatai Pediatric Eye Disease Study
Authors: Zhu Hui , Huang Dan , Sun Qigang , Ding Hui , Bai Jing , Chen Ji , Chen Xuejuan , Wang Yue , Zhang Xiaohan , Wang Jing , Li Xinying , Liu Hu 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo document population-based normative data for uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) in Chinese preschoolers aged 36 to <48 months without any sight-affecting abnormalities and to evaluate its effectiveness for vision referral.MethodsIn a population-based cohort of children in the Yuhuatai Pediatric Eye Disease Study, UCVA was measured by using the linear HOTV chart, followed by other ocular examinations. Reference population was defined as children without ophthalmic abnormalities or refractive error. Normative UCVA was obtained from the reference population. The UCVA referral cut-off was defined as the lowest fifth percentile of the normative distribution of UCVA.ResultsThe analysis cohort consisted of 1606 Chinese preschoolers aged 36 to <48 months. Among them, a total of 791 children were included in the reference population. The 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles of the UCVA distribution in the reference population were 20/40, 20/32 and 20/25, respectively. UCVA improved with increasing age (p<0.0001), but worsen if prematurity was presented (p=0.041). Using the fifth percentile, UCVA cut-off from the reference population generated referral rates of 26.9% in the general population, and detected more than 86% of amblyopia cases.ConclusionsWe propose that UCVA no better than 20/40 measured by linear HOTV chart should be a referral cut-off for Chinese preschoolers aged 36 to <48 months. Most amblyopia cases can be identified with this age-specific and chart-specific UCVA cut-off.
Non-withdrawal of beta blockers in acute decompensated chronic and de novo heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in a prospective multicentre study of patients with acute heart failure in the Middle East
Authors: Abi Khalil Charbel , Sulaiman Kadhim , Mahfoud Ziyad , Singh Rajvir , Asaad Nidal , AlHabib Khalid F , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi , Al-Jarallah Mohammed , Bulbanat Bassam , AlMahmeed Wael , Ridha Mustafa , Bazargani Nooshin , Amin Haitham , Al-Motarreb Ahmed , Faleh Husam Al , Elasfar Abdelfatah , Panduranga Prashanth , Suwaidi Jassim Al 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesBeta blockers reduce mortality in heart failure (HF). However, it is not clear whether they should be temporarily withdrawn during acute HF.DesignAnalysis of prospectively collected data.SettingThe Gulf aCute heArt failuRe rEgistry is a prospective multicentre study of patients hospitalised with acute HF in seven Middle Eastern countries.Participants5005 patients with acute HF.Outcome measuresWe studied the effect of beta blockers non-withdrawal on intrahospital, 3-month and 12-month mortality and rehospitalisation for HF in patients with acute decompensated chronic heart failure (ADCHF) and acute de novo heart failure (ADNHF) and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%.Results44.1% of patients were already on beta blockers on inclusion. Among those, 57.8% had an LVEF <40%. Further, 79.9% were diagnosed with ADCHF and 20.4% with ADNHF. Mean age was 61 (SD 13.9) in the ADCHF group and 59.8 (SD 13.8) in the ADNHF group. Intrahospital mortality was lower in patients whose beta blocker therapy was not withdrawn in both the ADCHF and ADNHF groups. This protective effect persisted after multivariate analysis (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.022 to 0.112; OR 0.018, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.122, respectively, p<0.001 for both) and propensity score matching even after correcting for variables that remained significant in the new model (OR 0.084, 95% CI 0.015 to 0.468, p=0.005; OR 0.047, 95% CI 0.013 to 0.169, p<0.001, respectively). At 3 months, mortality was still lower only in patients with ADCHF in whom beta blockers were maintained during initial hospitalisation. However, the benefit was lost after correcting for confounding factors. Interestingly, rehospitalisation for HF and length of hospital stay were unaffected by beta blockers discontinuation in all patients.ConclusionIn summary, non-withdrawal of beta blockers in acute decompensated chronic and de novo heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is associated with lower intrahospital mortality but does not influence 3-month and 12-month mortality, rehospitalisation for heart failure,and the length of hospital stay.Trial registration numberNCT01467973; Post-results.
Prevalence of pregnancy-related complications and course of labour of surviving women who gave birth in selected health facilities in Rwanda: a health facility-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Semasaka Sengoma Jean Paul , Krantz Gunilla , Nzayirambaho Manasse , Munyanshongore Cyprien , Edvardsson Kristina , Mogren Ingrid 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThis study estimated health facility-based prevalence for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage and caesarean section (CS) due to prolonged labour/dystocia. The background characteristics of Rwandan pregnant women, the course of labour and the level of healthcare were investigated in relation to pregnancy and delivery outcomes.MethodsThis is health facility-based study and data were collected in 2014–2015 through structured interviews and medical records (n=817) in Kigali and Northern Province, Rwanda. Frequencies and prevalence were used to describe participants’ background factors, labour and delivery-related characteristics. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed for different background factors and pregnancy/delivery outcomes.ResultsPre-eclampsia/eclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage and CS due to prolonged labour/dystocia represented 1%, 2.7% and 5.4% of all participants, respectively. In total, 56.4% of the participants were transferred from facilities with low levels to those with higher levels of healthcare, and the majority were transferred from health centres to district hospitals, with CS as the main reason for transfer. Participants who arrived at the health facility with cervical dilation grade of ≤3 cm spent more hours in maternity ward than those who arrived with cervical dilatation grade of ≥4 cm. Risk factors for CS due to prolonged labour or dystocia were poor households, nulliparity and residence far from health facility.ConclusionsThe estimated health facility-based prevalence of pregnancy-related complications was relatively low in this sample from Rwanda. CS was the main reason for the transfer of pregnant women from health centres to district hospitals. Upgrading the capacity of health centres in the management of pregnant women in Rwanda may improve maternal and fetal health.
Facilitating mental health help-seeking by young adults with a dedicated online program: a feasibility study of Link
Authors: Kauer Sylvia D , Buhagiar Kerrie , Blake Victoria , Cotton Sue , Sanci Lena 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of a dedicated online youth mental health help-seeking intervention and to evaluate using a randomised controlled trial (RCT) study design in order to identify any modifications needed before commencement of the full-scale RCT.DesignA pilot RCT with 1:1 randomisation to either the intervention or comparison arm.SettingAn online study conducted Australia-wide.Participants18–25 year olds living in Australia were recruited via social media.InterventionLink is a dedicated online mental health help-seeking navigation tool that matches user’s mental health issues, severity and service-type preferences (online, phone and face-to-face) with appropriate youth-friendly services. The comparison arm was usual help-seeking strategies with a link to Google.com.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the number of acceptability and feasibility criteria successfully met. Intervention and study design acceptability and feasibility were assessed by nine criteria. Secondary outcomes, via online surveys (at baseline, 1 week and 1 month) measured service use, help-seeking intentions, psychological distress, barriers to help-seeking, attitudes towards mental health help-seeking, mental health literacy, satisfaction and trust.ResultsFifty-one participants were randomised (intervention: n=24; comparison: n=27). Three out of four of the intervention and two out of five of the study design criteria were met. Unmet criteria could be addressed by modifications to the study design. Qualitative analysis demonstrated that Link was useful to participants and may have increased their positive experiences towards help-seeking. There were no observable differences between arms in any outcome measures and no harms were detected.ConclusionGenerally, the Link intervention and study design were acceptable and feasible with modifications suggested for the four out of nine unmet criteria. The main trial will hence have shorter surveys and a simpler recruitment process, use positive affect as the primary outcome and will not link to Google.com for the comparison arm.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12614000386639.
Implementing the compassion intervention, a model for integrated care for people with advanced dementia towards the end of life in nursing homes: a naturalistic feasibility study
Authors: Moore Kirsten J , Candy Bridget , Davis Sarah , Gola Anna , Harrington Jane , Kupeli Nuriye , Vickerstaff Victoria , King Michael , Leavey Gerard , Nazareth Irwin , Omar Rumana Z , Jones Louise , Sampson Elizabeth L 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundMany people with dementia die in nursing homes, but quality of care may be suboptimal. We developed the theory-driven ‘Compassion Intervention’ to enhance end-of-life care in advanced dementia.ObjectivesTo (1) understand how the Intervention operated in nursing homes in different health economies; (2) collect preliminary outcome data and costs of an interdisciplinary care leader (ICL) to facilitate the Intervention; (3) check the Intervention caused no harm.DesignA naturalistic feasibility study of Intervention implementation for 6 months.SettingsTwo nursing homes in northern London, UK.ParticipantsThirty residents with advanced dementia were assessed of whom nine were recruited for data collection; four of these residents’ family members were interviewed. Twenty-eight nursing home and external healthcare professionals participated in interviews at 7 (n=19), 11 (n=19) and 15 months (n=10).InterventionAn ICL led two core Intervention components: (1) integrated, interdisciplinary assessment and care; (2) education and support for paid and family carers.Data collectedProcess and outcome data were collected. Symptoms were recorded monthly for recruited residents. Semistructured interviews were conducted at 7, 11 and 15 months with nursing home staff and external healthcare professionals and at 7 months with family carers. ICL hours were costed using Department of Health and Health Education England tariffs.ResultsContextual differences were identified between sites: nursing home 2 had lower involvement with external healthcare services. Core components were implemented at both sites but multidisciplinary meetings were only established in nursing home 1. The Intervention prompted improvements in advance care planning, pain management and person-centred care; we observed no harm. Six-month ICL costs were £18 255.ConclusionsImplementation was feasible to differing degrees across sites, dependent on context. Our data inform future testing to identify the Intervention’s effectiveness in improving end-of-life care in advanced dementia.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02840318: Results
Origin of the Amba Dongar carbonatite complex, India and its possible linkage with the Deccan Large Igneous Province
Authors: Chandra Jyoti , Paul Debajyoti , Viladkar Shrinivas G. , Sensarma Sarajit 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

The genetic connection between Large Igneous Province (LIP) and carbonatite is controversial. Here, we present new major and trace element data for carbonatites, nephelinites and Deccan basalts from Amba Dongar in western India, and probe the linkage between carbonatite and the Deccan LIP. Carbonatites are classified into calciocarbonatite (CaO, 39.5–55.9 wt%; BaO, 0.02–3.41 wt%; ΣREE, 1025–12 317 ppm) and ferrocarbonatite (CaO, 15.6–31 wt%; BaO, 0.3–7 wt%; ΣREE, 6839–31 117 ppm). Primitive-mantle-normalized trace element patterns of carbonatites show distinct negative Ti, Zr–Hf, Pb, K and U anomalies, similar to that observed in carbonatites globally. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns reveal high LREE/HREE fractionation; average (La/Yb)
N
values of 175 in carbonatites and approximately 50 in nephelinites suggest very-low-degree melting of the source. Trace element modelling indicates the possibility of primary carbonatite melt generated from a subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source, although it does not explain the entire range of trace element enrichment observed in the Amba Dongar carbonatites. We suggest that CO
2
-rich fluids and heat from the Deccan plume contributed towards metasomatism of the SCLM source. Melting of this SCLM generated primary carbonated silicate magma that underwent liquid immiscibility at crustal depths, forming two compositionally distinct carbonatite and nephelinite magmas.
Self-harm hospitalised morbidity and mortality risk using a matched population-based cohort design
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca J , Cameron Cate M 
Published: July 2017

Objective: Prior and repeated self-harm hospitalisations are common risk factors for suicide. However, few studies have accounted for pre-existing comorbidities and prior hospital use when quantifying the burden of self-harm. The aim is to quantify hospitalisation in the 12 months preceding and re-hospitalisation and mortality risk in the 12 months post a self-harm hospitalisation. Method: A population-based matched cohort using linked hospital and mortality data for individuals ⩾18 years from four Australian jurisdictions. A non-injured comparison cohort was matched on age, gender and residential postcode. Twelve-month pre- and post-index self-harm hospitalisations and mortality were examined. Results: The 11,597 individuals who were hospitalised following self-harm in 2009 experienced 21% higher health service use in the 12 months pre and post the index admission and a higher mortality rate (2.9% vs 0.3%) than their matched counterparts. There were 133 (39.0%) deaths within 2 weeks of hospital discharge and 342 deaths within 12 months of the index hospitalisation in the self-harm cohort. Adjusted rate ratios for hospital readmission were highest for females (2.86; 95% confidence interval: [2.33, 2.52]) and individuals aged 55–64 years (3.96; 95% confidence interval: [2.79, 5.64]). Conclusion: Improved quantification of the burden of self-harm-related hospital use can inform resource allocation for intervention and after-care services for individuals at risk of repeated self-harm. Better assessment of at-risk self-harm behaviour, appropriate referrals and improved post-discharge care, focusing on care continuity, are needed.
Conceptualising a new approach to adolescent health literacy
Authors: Peralta Louisa , Rowling Louise , Samdal Oddrun , Hipkins Rose , Dudley Dean 
Published: July 2017

Background: Health literacy research for adolescents and young people has been growing in importance. However, conceptualisation has been largely limited to concepts of adult health literacy in healthcare and disease prevention settings. The challenge for the future lies in developing a coherent concept that combines adolescent development, educational theory, whole school action and change, and critical health literacy. Such an approach needs to be both enabling and positive for students currently, and should also help facilitate health literacy outcomes in the future. Objective: This paper describes the process used to develop a conceptualisation of adolescent health literacy and to summarise what is known about health literacy in schools. Method: Guided by an international expert panel, we identified, reviewed, summarised and re-constructed key literature and resources to identify key components and principles necessary for adolescent health literacy in schools. Results: The proposed conceptualisation of adolescent health literacy initially had three areas of focus: adolescent development, whole school change and health literacy. The concepts of adolescent learning, health-literate organisation and critical health literacy emerged from the review as key components for health literacy in school settings. Pedagogy was found to be the crucial mechanism for health literacy development in the school setting and the resultant concept of adolescent health literacy. Conclusion: The focus on health-literate organisations, critical health literacy and pedagogy in the school setting distinguishes this conceptualisation from other health literacy work.