bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting risk of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized cancer patients: Utility of a risk assessment tool
Authors: Patell Rushad , Rybicki Lisa , McCrae Keith R. , Khorana Alok A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInpatient venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a priority preventable illness; risk in cancer varies and prophylaxis is inconsistently used. A previously validated tool (Khorana Score, [KS]) identifies VTE risk in cancer outpatients with 5 easily available variables but has not been studied in the inpatient setting. We evaluated the validity of KS in predicting VTE risk in hospitalized cancer patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive oncology inpatients at the Cleveland Clinic from 11/2012 to 12/2014 (n = 3531). Patients were excluded for VTE on admission (n = 304), incomplete KS data (n = 439) or other reasons (n = 8). Data collected included demographics, cancer type, length of stay (LOS), anticoagulant use, and laboratory values. Multivariate risk factors were identified with stepwise logistic regression, confirmed with bootstrap analysis. Of 2780 patients included, 106 (3.8%) developed VTE during hospitalization. Median age was 62 (range, 19‐98) years and 56% were male. Median LOS was 5 (range, 0‐152) days. High risk KS (≥ 3) was significantly associated with VTE in uni‐ and multivariate analyses (OR 2.5, 95% [confidence interval] CI 1.3‐4.9). Other significant variables included male gender (OR 1.67, 1.1‐2.53), older age (OR 0.86, 0.75‐0.99) and use of anticoagulants (OR 0.57, 0.39‐0.85). Recursive partitioning analysis suggested optimal cut point for KS is 2 (OR 1.82, 1.23‐2.69). This is the first report validating KS as a risk tool to predict VTE in hospitalized cancer patients. Using this tool could lead to more consistent and successful application of inpatient thromboprophylaxis.
Precisely Regulated and Efficient Locking of Linear Peptides into Stable Multicyclic Topologies through a One‐Pot Reaction
Authors: Liu Weidong , Zheng Yiwu , Kong Xudong , Heinis Christian , Zhao Yibing , Wu Chuanliu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe report the discovery of a small phenyl molecule with four isosteric thiolate‐reactive groups of sequentially varied reactivity. This molecule was exploited in combination with cysteine/penicillamine thiolates of different nucleophilic reactivity for precisely regulated and efficient locking (PROP‐locking) of linear peptides into multicyclic topologies through a one‐pot reaction. The PROP‐locking relies on multistep and sequential thiolate/fluorine nucleophilic substitutions, which is not only rapid but highly specific, thus enabling rapid locking of peptides with high amino acid diversities without protecting groups. Several tricyclic peptide templates and bioactive peptides were designed and synthesized using the PROP‐locking strategy. We believe that tricyclic peptides precisely locked through stable thioether bonds should be promising structurally constrained scaffolds for developing potential therapeutics and target ligands.
Heteronuclear 1D and 2D NMR Resonances Detected by Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer to Water
Authors: Martinho Ricardo P. , Novakovic Mihajlo , Olsen Gregory L. , Frydman Lucio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA method to detect NMR spectra from heteronuclei through the modulation that they impose on a water resonance is exemplified. The approach exploits chemical exchange saturation transfers, which can magnify the signal of labile protons through their influence on a water peak. To impose a heteronuclear modulation on water, an HMQC‐type sequence was combined with the FLEX approach. 1D 15N NMR spectra of exchanging sites could thus be detected, with about tenfold amplifications over the 15N modulations afforded by conventionally detected HMQC NMR spectroscopy. Extensions of this approach enable 2D heteronuclear acquisitions on directly bonded 1H–15N spin pairs, also with significant signal amplification. Despite the interesting limits of detection that these signal enhancements could open in NMR spectroscopy, these gains are constrained by the rates of solvent exchange of the targeted heteronuclear pairs, as well as by spectrometer instabilities affecting the intense water resonances detected in these experiments.
Textbook outcome as a composite measure in oesophagogastric cancer surgery
Authors: Busweiler L A D , Schouwenburg M G , van Berge Henegouwen M I , Kolfschoten N E , de Jong P C , Rozema T , Wijnhoven B P L , van Hillegersberg R , Wouters M W J M , van Sandick J W , Bosscha K , Cats A , Dikken J L , van Grieken N C T , Hartgrink H H , Lemmens V E P P , Nieuwenhuijzen G A P , Plukker J T , Rosman C , Siersema P D , Tetteroo G , Veldhuis P M J F , Voncken F E M 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Quality assurance is acknowledged as a crucial factor in the assessment of oncological surgical care. The aim of this study was to develop a composite measure of multiple outcome parameters defined as ‘textbook outcome’, to assess quality of care for patients undergoing oesophagogastric cancer surgery.

Methods
Patients with oesophagogastric cancer, operated on with the intent of curative resection between 2011 and 2014, were identified from a national database (Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit). Textbook outcome was defined as the percentage of patients who underwent a complete tumour resection with at least 15 lymph nodes in the resected specimen and an uneventful postoperative course, without hospital readmission. Hospital variation in textbook outcome was analysed after adjustment for case-mix factors.

Results
In total, 2748 patients with oesophageal cancer and 1772 with gastric cancer were included in this study. A textbook outcome was achieved in 29·7 per cent of patients with oesophageal cancer and 32·1 per cent of those with gastric cancer. Adjusted textbook outcome rates varied from 8·5 to 52·4 per cent between hospitals. The outcome parameter ‘at least 15 lymph nodes examined’ had the greatest negative impact on a textbook outcome both for patients with oesophageal cancer and for those with gastric cancer.

Conclusion
Most patients did not achieve a textbook outcome and there was wide variation between hospitals.
Temporal trends in peripheral arterial interventions: Observations from the blue cross blue shield of Michigan cardiovascular consortium (BMC2 PVI)
Authors: Thomas Michael P. , Jung Park Yeo , Grey Scott , Schreiber Theodore L. , Gurm Hitinder S. , Leffler Dale , Davis Thomas P. , Henke Peter , Michael Grossman Paul 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesThe aim is to examine trends in procedural indication, arterial beds treated, and device usage in peripheral arterial interventions (PVIs).BackgroundThere is little data on indication, vascular beds treated and devices utilized for peripheral arterial interventions.MethodsWe used data from 43 hospitals participating in the BMC2 VIC registry. PVIs were separated by year and divided by arterial segment. Lower extremity PVIs were subclassified as having been performed for claudication or critical limb ischemia (CLI). Yearly device usage was also included. A repeated measure ANOVA was used to determine trends.Results44,650 PVIs were performed from 2006 to 2013. Renal interventions decreased from 18% of interventions in 2006 to 5.6% in 2013 (P < 0.001) and femoral‐popliteal increased from 54.9% in 2006 to 64.5% in 2013 (P < 0.001). No significant trend was seen for aorta‐iliac or below‐the‐knee interventions. 58.6% of PVIs were performed for claudication in 2006 and this decreased to 44.6% in 2013 (P = 0.025). Indications for CLI were 24.1% in 2006 and 47.5% in 2013 (P < 0.001). There were significant increases in the use of balloon angioplasty (P = 0.029) and cutting/scoring balloons (P < 0.001) while cryoballoon usage decreased (P < 0.001). No significant changes were found with stenting, atherectomy, and laser.ConclusionsThere is a significant increase in patients presenting with CLI. Renal artery intervention rates are decreasing while femoral‐popliteal interventions are increasing. Additionally, balloon angioplasty and cutting/scoring balloon usage is increasing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ammonium Nitrate Temperature‐Programmed Decomposition on Fe–Zeolite Catalysts: Effect of Deposition Method
Authors: Pereira Mafalda Valdez Lancinha , Berthout David , Petitto Carolina , Delahay Gérard , Raux Stéphane , Rousseau Séverine 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe N2O formation during NOx selective catalytic reduction by NH3 is often attributed to NH4NO3 intermediate decomposition. Thermal decomposition of NH4NO3 has been extensively studied owing to the combination of its wide use as fertilizer and its dangerous properties. However, the decomposition of NH4NO3 in the presence of a catalyst has generated less attention. The decomposition of NH4NO3 may yield NxOy‐type products such as NO, NO2, N2O, N2 as well as HNO3 and H2O. This work focuses on the emissions of N2O. The deposition of NH4NO3 onto a Fe–zeolite catalyst was carried out by dry impregnation, by using a dilute solution of NH4NO3, and by a mechanical mixture. In the absence of catalyst, the release of N2O strongly depends on the conditions of the experiment (static or dynamic). The presence of a catalyst and the method of mixing ammonium nitrate into it affects its decomposition. Nitrogen formation is much more significant for the impregnated sample. For the mechanically mixed sample, the ammonium nitrate is mainly decomposed into N2O and NO2. N2O from ammonia oxidation was also detected in the presence of a catalyst.
Selective C−O Hydrogenolysis of Erythritol over Supported Rh‐ReOx Catalysts in the Aqueous Phase
Authors: Said Achraf , Da Silva Perez Denilson , Perret Noémie , Pinel Catherine , Besson Michèle 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBimetallic Rh‐ReOx (Re/Rh molar ratio 0.4–0.5) catalysts supported on TiO2 and ZrO2 were prepared by the successive impregnation of dried and calcined unreduced supported Rh catalysts. Their catalytic performances were evaluated in the hydrogenolysis of erythritol to butanetriols (BTO) and butanediols (BDO) in aqueous solution at 150–240 °C under 30–120 bar H2. The activity depended on the nature of the support, and the highest selectivity to BTO and BDO at 80 % conversion was 37 and 29 %, respectively, in the presence of 3.7 wt %Rh‐3.5 wt %ReOx/ZrO2 at 200 °C under 120 bar. The characterization of the catalysts by CO chemisorption, TEM with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis with MS, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests a different distribution and reducibility of Re species over the supported Rh nanoparticles, which depends on the support.
Rational Design of Electrochemical DNA Biosensors for Point‐of‐Care Applications
Authors: Yu Henson L. Lee , Maslova Anastasia , Hsing I‐Ming 
Published: February 2017

AbstractElectrochemical DNA biosensors show great potential for the sensitive and sequence‐specific detection of disease pathogens. To date, although there are a large number of published articles showing various sensing strategies of an electrochemical biosensor, only a few of those studies actually reach the commercialization phase, because addressing one technical issue would usually be at the expense of another. Moreover, there are various adoptable formats in electrochemical biosensors. Current approaches may or may not use enzymes, immobilize DNA probes, label the sensing substrates with an electroactive reporter molecule, or any combination of these. Although much has been paid to individual advantages and disadvantages, there are a very limited number Review articles studying and analyzing the synergistic aspects of various detection strategies when combined with each other. It is the aim of this Review to highlight the hotspots for innovation when these strategies are used in tandem, in order to create more streamlined improvements in making a versatile biosensor platform that can be administered at point of care.
Copper‐Nitride Nanowires Array: An Efficient Dual‐Functional Catalyst Electrode for Sensitive and Selective Non‐Enzymatic Glucose and Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing
Authors: Wang Zao , Cao Xiaoqin , Liu Danni , Hao Shuai , Kong Rongmei , Du Gu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt is highly attractive to develop non‐noble‐metal nanoarray architecture as a 3D‐catalyst electrode for molecular detection due to its large specific surface area and easy accessibility to target molecules. Here, we report the development of a copper‐nitride nanowires array on copper foam (Cu3N NA/CF) as a dual‐functional catalyst electrode for efficient glucose oxidation in alkaline solutions and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reduction in neutral solutions. Electrochemical tests indicate that such Cu3N NA/CF possesses superior non‐enzymatic sensing ability toward rapid glucose and H2O2 detection with high selectivity. At 0.40 V, this sensor offers a high sensitivity of 14 180 μA mm cm−2 for glucose detection, with a wide linear range from 1 μm to 2 mm, a low detection limit of 13 nm (S/N=3), and satisfactory stability and reproducibility. Its application in determining glucose in human blood serum is also demonstrated. Amperometric H2O2 sensing can also been realized with a sensitivity of 7600 μA mm cm−2, a linear range from 0.1 μm to 10 mm, and a detection limit of 8.9 nm (S/N=3). This 3D‐nanoarray architecture holds great promise as an attractive sensing platform toward electrochemical small molecules detection.
The Impact of Heteromultivalency in Lectin Recognition and Glycosidase Inhibition: An Integrated Mechanistic Study
Authors: García‐Moreno M. Isabel , Ortega‐Caballero Fernando , Rísquez‐Cuadro Rocío , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , García Fernández José M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe vision of multivalency as a strategy limited to achieve affinity enhancements between a protein receptor and its putative sugar ligand (glycotope) has proven too simplistic. On the one hand, binding of a glycotope in a dense glycocalix‐like construct to a lectin partner has been shown to be sensitive to the presence of a third sugar entity (heterocluster effect). On the other hand, several carbohydrate processing enzymes (glycosidases and glycosyltransferases) have been found to be also responsive to multivalent presentations of binding partners (multivalent enzyme inhibition), a phenomenon first discovered for iminosugar‐type inhibitory species (inhitopes) and recently demonstrated for multivalent carbohydrate constructs. By assessing a series of homo‐ and heteroclusters combining α‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐related glycotopes and inhitopes, it was shown that multivalency and heteromultivalency govern both kinds of events, allowing for activation, deactivation or enhancement of specific recognition phenomena towards a spectrum of lectin and glycosidase partners in a multimodal manner. This unified scenario originates from the ability of (hetero)multivalent architectures to trigger glycosidase binding modes that are reminiscent of those harnessed by lectins, which should be considered when profiling the biological activity of multivalent architectures.
PHYSICAL MECHANISM OF MAJOR EARTHQUAKES BY EARTHQUAKE CASES ANALYSIS
Authors: Xiao‐Wa WU , Si‐Qing QIN , Lei XUE , Bai‐Cun YANG , Pei LI , Ke ZHANG 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the physical mechanism of major earthquakes is very important for earthquake prediction and its disaster reduction. The mainstream hypotheses on earthquake mechanism are reviewed in this paper. It is pointed out that the elastic rebound and stick‐slip hypotheses, both of which are usually used to explain the mechanism of shallow earthquakes, have some serious drawbacks, and that such hypotheses explaining the mechanism of intermediate and deep earthquakes as the dehydration embrittlement, phase transition instability, shear melting and anticrack‐associated faulting, are inconsistent with some observation data. Thus, it is necessary to establish a new hypothesis or theory of earthquake mechanism. The brittle failure theory of multiple locked patches in a seismogenic fault system developed by us since 2010 is introduced in the present study. It is stated by the theory that the progressive failures of locked patch result in the occurrence of earthquakes due to the fault movement. Hereafter, the significant earthquakes occurred at its volume expansion and peak strength points are referred to as characteristic ones. The earthquake cases indicate that the seismogenic processes of shallow, intermediate and deep characteristic earthquakes can be well explained by the theory. We emphasize that both the elastic rebound and stick‐slip hypotheses contain the same implicit assumption that there exist locked patches in the seismogenic faults, and that the source body of deep earthquakes is with appropriate environment conditions leading to brittle failures. Moreover, some controversial issues, such as seismic stress drop much less than that of rock failure in the laboratory test, heat flow paradox and Self‐Organized Criticality (SOC), are discussed and can be reasonably explained by the theory. The present study shows that the physical mechanism of major earthquakes is attributed to the brittle failures of locked patches.
A CONNECTED DOMAIN IDENTIFICATION METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION IN QUANTITATIVE PICKUP OF CAVE INFORMATION USING ELECTRIC IMAGING LOGGING
Authors: Jian‐Ping YAN , Qiang LIANG , Zun‐Zhi LI , Bin GENG , Xiao‐Pan KOU , Yong HU 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSolution caves are important fluid reservoir space in carbonate reservoir, and researching FMI images' caves connected domain labeling and extracting their information are meaningful. A high resolution color image can be obtained after data processing of FMI. After a series of processes which include image graying, median filtering and threshold segmentation for the color image, a binary image will be obtained which can reflect the characteristic of solution caves on the wall of a well. And on the image, caves are black spots which are labeled by same number. The labeling algorithm for image connected domain based on equivalence pair processing has the advantages of fast and no‐repeat labeling, which can eliminate equivalent pairs while labeling connected domain. The solution caves in the binary image can be marked from small to large number accurately by this arithmetic, in addition, the information of every connected domain including holes' size, grading factor, area of connected domains (areal porosity) and roundness can be extracted and processed. Using the labeled binary image can calculate porosity curve which reflects development degree of caves, and based on this curve the image can be divided into several layers. On this basis, the information distribution of areal porosity, holes' size, roundness and grading factor of every layer can be calculated easily. At last, all of these informations will be used to quantitatively evaluate the carbonate reservoir which has strong heterogeneity and lots of solution caves. And this work is also a helpful exploration for quantitative extracting of cave information from FMI images.
Future of testicular germ cell tumor incidence in the United States: Forecast through 2026
Authors: Ghazarian Armen A. , Kelly Scott P. , Altekruse Sean F. , Rosenberg Philip S. , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are rare tumors in the general population but are the most commonly occurring malignancy among males between ages 15 and 44 years in the United States (US). Although non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs) have the highest incidence in the US, rates among Hispanics have increased the most in recent years. To forecast what these incidence rates may be in the future, an analysis of TGCT incidence in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and the National Program of Cancer Registries was conducted.METHODSTGCT incidence data among males ages 15 to 59 years for the years 1999 to 2012 were obtained from 39 US cancer registries. Incidence rates through 2026 were forecast using age‐period‐cohort models stratified by race/ethnicity, histology (seminoma, nonseminoma), and age.RESULTSBetween 1999 and 2012, TGCT incidence rates, both overall and by histology, were highest among NHWs, followed by Hispanics, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and non‐Hispanic blacks. Between 2013 and 2026, rates among Hispanics were forecast to increase annually by 3.96% (95% confidence interval, 3.88%‐4.03%), resulting in the highest rate of increase of any racial/ethnic group. By 2026, the highest TGCT rates in the US will be among Hispanics because of increases in both seminomas and nonseminomas. Rates among NHWs will slightly increase, whereas rates among other groups will slightly decrease.CONCLUSIONSBy 2026, Hispanics will have the highest rate of TGCT of any racial/ethnic group in the US because of the rising incidence among recent birth cohorts. Reasons for the increase in younger Hispanics merit further exploration. Cancer 2017;123:2320–2328. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Enzyme‐Based Logic Gates and Networks with Output Signals Analyzed by Various Methods
Authors: Katz Evgeny 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe paper overviews various methods that are used for the analysis of output signals generated by enzyme‐based logic systems. The considered methods include optical techniques (optical absorbance, fluorescence spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance), electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, potentiometry, impedance spectroscopy, conductivity measurements, use of field effect transistor devices, pH measurements), and various mechanoelectronic methods (using atomic force microscope, quartz crystal microbalance). Although each of the methods is well known for various bioanalytical applications, their use in combination with the biomolecular logic systems is rather new and sometimes not trivial. Many of the discussed methods have been combined with the use of signal‐responsive materials to transduce and amplify biomolecular signals generated by the logic operations. Interfacing of biocomputing logic systems with electronics and “smart” signal‐responsive materials allows logic operations be extended to actuation functions; for example, stimulating molecular release and switchable features of bioelectronic devices, such as biofuel cells. The purpose of this review article is to emphasize the broad variability of the bioanalytical systems applied for signal transduction in biocomputing processes. All bioanalytical systems discussed in the article are exemplified with specific logic gates and multi‐gate networks realized with enzyme‐based biocatalytic cascades.