bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacral nerve stimulation for constipation and fecal incontinence in children: Long‐term outcomes, patient benefit, and parent satisfaction
Authors: Lu P. L. , Koppen I. J. N. , Orsagh‐Yentis D. K. , Leonhart K. , Ambeba E. J. , Deans K. J. , Minneci P. C. , Teich S. , Diefenbach K. A. , Alpert S. A. , Benninga M. A. , Yacob D. , Di Lorenzo C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) in children with constipation and describe patient benefit and parent satisfaction.MethodsUsing a prospective patient registry, we identified patients <21 years old with constipation treated with SNS for >2 years. We compared symptoms, medical treatment, PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptom Scale (GSS), Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQL), and Fecal Incontinence Severity Index (FISI) before SNS and at follow‐up. We contacted parents to administer the Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory (GCBI) and a parent satisfaction questionnaire.Key ResultsWe included 25 children (52% male, median age 10 years): 16 had functional constipation, six anorectal malformation, two tethered spinal cord, and one Hirschsprung's disease. Defecation frequency did not change after SNS but patients reporting fecal incontinence decreased from 72% to 20% (P<.01) and urinary incontinence decreased from 56% to 28% (P=.04). Patients using laxatives decreased from 64% to 44% (ns) and patients using antegrade enemas decreased from 48% to 20% (P=.03). GSS, most FIQL domains, and FISI were improved at follow‐up. Six (24%) patients had complications requiring further surgery. Of the 16 parents contacted, 15 (94%) parents indicated positive health‐related benefit and all would recommend SNS to other families.Conclusions & InferencesSacral nerve stimulation is a promising and durable treatment for children with refractory constipation, and appears particularly effective in decreasing fecal incontinence. Although a quarter of patients experienced complications requiring additional surgery, nearly all parents reported health‐related benefit. Future studies to identify predictors of treatment response and complications are needed.
Beauty Contest Revisited: The Effects of Perceived Attractiveness, Competence, and Likability on the Electoral Success of German MPs
Authors: Jäckle Sebastian , Metz Thomas 
Published: August 2017

We test the effects of physical appearance on electoral outcomes for the 2013 German national elections. We find that a candidate's perceived attractiveness and, to a lesser extent, competence vis‐á‐vis his or her closest contestant increases the chances of winning a direct mandate, while likability plays a minor role. Additionally, we find the appearance effects to be conditioned by gender, age, and incumbency status. Our study advances existing research in four ways. First, we capture relative differences in appearances, which resembles real‐world situations more closely than absolute measures. Second, we proceed beyond a one‐dimensional assessment of appearance by simultaneously analyzing attractiveness, competence, and likability, including interactions. Third, the central role of parties in the German mixed electoral system makes an especially tough test for appearance‐based effects. Fourth, we use rater response latency to weight our measurement with an assessment of ambivalence.Related Articles

Arbour, Brian, and
Ernest B. McGowen, III. 2017. “.” Politics & Policy 45 (): 224‐252. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12197/full

McKenzie, Mark Jonathan,
Cynthia R. Rugeley, and
Michael A. Unger. 2015.“” Politics & Policy 43 (): 562‐585. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12123/full

Galdieri, Christopher J.,
Kevin Parsneau, and
J. Scott Granberg‐Rademacker. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 680‐703. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00367.x/abstract
Related Media
Video Clip: Fox Business. 2012. “Appearance Matters in Presidential Elections.” http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/1383561524001/?#sp = show-clips

Study.com. 2012. “Factors that Influence Voters During Presidential Elections.” http://study.com/academy/lesson/factors-that-influence-voters-during-presidential-elections.html

Websites:
Mlodinow, Leonard. 2012. “.” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jun/17/candidate-winning-look-voters-romney-obama

Shah, Yagana. 2016. “.” The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/heres-how-looks-could-affect-the-2016-elections_us_56ddb12fe4b03a4056793bb6
Evaluating Risk and Natural Gas Pipeline Safety
Authors: Brogan Michael James 
Published: August 2017

This research conducts an experiment on individuals’ perceptions of natural gas pipeline incidents and the expansion of natural gas pipeline infrastructure in the United States. This work contributes to the literature on natural gas pipeline safety and risk by utilizing Kahneman and Tversky's Prospect Theory. This work is relevant from a public policy perspective because of the recent expansion of the U.S. natural gas pipeline network that has been underway since 2010. It provides policy makers with a better understanding of how the public perceives risks and benefits associated with pipeline expansion. Overall, the study results find that when individuals balanced the benefits and risks of pipeline expansion, a majority of all respondents (53.4 percent) picked safety over monetary gains. Further, a majority of respondents who received at least one treatment were more likely to choose safety and two‐thirds of respondents who received a second treatment chose safety over material benefits associated with pipeline expansion.Related Articles

Ash, John S. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 255‐284. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00310.x/full

Ash, John S. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 317‐344. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00237.x/full

Neill, Katharine A., and
John C. Morris. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 629‐656. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00371.x/full
Related Media

Kassab, Beth, and
Kevin Spear. 2017. “.” Orlando Sentinenal. http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/environment/os-sabal-trail-pipeline-impact-20170329-story.html

Parry, Wayne. 2017. “.” Associated Press. February 24. http://6abc.com/news/hotly-contested-nj-pinelands-natural-gas-pipeline-approved/1771013/
Heterozygosity for P2Y12 receptor gene mutation associated with postoperative hemorrhage in a Greater Swiss Mountain dog
Authors: Flores Rebecca S. , Boudreaux Mary K. , Vasquez Barbara , Bristow Poppy , Aronson Lillian R. , Santoro‐Beer Kari , Callan Mary Beth 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA 3‐year‐old, female Greater Swiss Mountain dog developed a hemoperitoneum following an exploratory laparotomy and ovariohysterectomy. Platelet count, PT, APTT, and plasma von Willebrand factor antigen concentration were within RIs. A buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) was prolonged. Given the probability of a hereditary thrombopathia, the dog was administered desmopressin, fresh platelet transfusions, and aminocaproic acid to control hemorrhage. Subsequently, DNA testing for the P2Y12 receptor gene mutation identified the dog as being a heterozygote (carrier). Further platelet function testing was performed following complete recovery. Results of a repeat BMBT and a point‐of‐care screening test using the Platelet Function Analyzer‐100 (collagen/adenosine‐diphosphate [ADP] test cartridge) were within RIs. Flow cytometric studies demonstrated a marked reduction in fibrinogen binding to the dog's platelets in response to ADP ‐ adenosine diphosphate activation. Likewise, turbidimetric aggregometry revealed a complete absence of platelet aggregation in response to ADP. However, there were a normal aggregation response to the platelet agonist convulxin and a mild reduction in amplitude in response to γ‐thrombin. This is the first report of a dog heterozygous for the P2Y12 receptor gene mutation exhibiting a bleeding tendency and having evidence of impaired platelet function in vitro in response to ADP activation. Given that the mutant allele for the P2Y12 thrombopathia appears to be widespread in the Greater Swiss Mountain dog breed, veterinarians need to be aware that both homozygotes and heterozygotes for this platelet receptor mutation are at risk of developing life‐threatening bleeding following trauma or surgery.
Retrospective evaluation of cats with elapid snake envenomation associated neurotoxicity requiring mechanical ventilation: 12 cases (2005–2014)
Authors: Ong Hui Mei , Kelers Kylie , Hughes Dez , Boller Manuel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo retrospectively determine the population and outcome characteristics of a cohort of Australian elapid snake envenomed cats requiring mechanical ventilation (MV).DesignRetrospective observational study (2005–2014).SettingAcademic veterinary emergency and critical care service.AnimalsTwelve cats undergoing MV for elapid snake envenomation.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThe medical records were searched to identify cats requiring MV as part of treatment for elapid snake envenomation. Signalment, the indication for, duration of and complications associated with MV, duration of hospitalization, and survival to hospital discharge were recorded for each of the enrolled cases. Seven cats (58.3%) underwent MV because of presumed unsustainable respiratory effort and 5 cats (41.7%) for respiratory arrest. Eleven cats (91.7%) were successfully weaned from MV and survived to hospital discharge. No cats developed ventilator associated pneumonia or pneumothorax. The median duration of MV was 19.5 hours for the survivors (range 7.0–37.0 hours) and median duration of hospitalization was 3.5 days (range 2.4–14.9 days).ConclusionsCats requiring MV for elapid snake envenomation have a favorable outcome and require a relatively short period of MV. Complications encountered are unlikely to influence outcome.
Surgical excision of a feline orbital lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma with adjunctive cryotherapy and carboplatin‐impregnated bead implantation
Authors: Dorbandt Daniel M. , Lundberg Alycen P. , Roady Patrick J. , Huey Jane A. , Phillips Heidi , Hamor Ralph E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this report was to discuss the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of a cat with an orbital lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma. A 14.5‐year‐old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for a firm swelling at the left dorsotemporal orbital rim. The orbital mass was excised with preservation of the globe, and adjunctive cryotherapy was performed. A definitive diagnosis of lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma was obtained after histopathologic evaluation and histochemical staining with periodic acid–Schiff and mucicarmine. Thirteen months postoperatively, tumor regrowth occurred with a much larger osteolytic lesion, and a second surgery was performed consisting of tumor excision with implantation of carboplatin‐impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads. The cat has remained free of recurrence 11 months after the second surgery (26 months after initial diagnosis and surgery). A feline orbital lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma was successfully managed utilizing globe‐preserving surgical excision with adjunctive cryotherapy and subsequent carboplatin‐impregnated bead implantation. Orbital lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma in cats may not be as aggressive as other forms of periocular, head, and neck adenocarcinomas.
Risk factors and nursing strategies to manage choking in adults with mental illness: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Lu Qiu F. , Ma Qiang , Syed Rithwan Syed M.A.B. , Ng Hui C. , Lee So L. , Lee Kit M. , Umarani Krishnan , Xie Huiting 
Published: August 2017

Review question/objective:
: The review objectives are:To synthesize the best available evidence on risk factors for choking in adult inpatients (18 years and over) with mental illness.To synthesize the best available evidence on non-pharmacological strategies to manage choking risk in adult inpatients (18 years and over) with mental illness.

Specifically, this review seeks to answer the following questions:What are the factors that pre-dispose adults with mental illness to choking in inpatient healthcare settings?What is the effectiveness of non-pharmacological strategies to manage choking risk in adults with mental illness in inpatient healthcare settings?
Alternative tests versus measurement of fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance test for diagnosis of pediatric type 2 pre-diabetes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Tučková Dagmar , Klugar Miloslav , Lasota Tomasz , Lasák Jakub , Campbell Jared M. , Munn Zachary 
Published: August 2017

Review question/objective:
: The gold standard for the diagnosis of pre-diabetes is the measurement of fasting plasma glucose and the oral glucose tolerance test. The objective of this systematic review is to identify all alternative tests currently in use for the diagnosis of type 2 pre-diabetes mellitus in children and establish their accuracy relative to this gold standard.
Draft Genome Sequences of Multiple
Frackibacter
Strains Isolated from Hydraulically Fractured Shale Environments
Authors: Booker Anne E. , Johnston Michael D. , Daly Rebecca A. , Wrighton Kelly C. , Wilkins Michael J. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

The genomes of three novel
Frackibacter
strains (WG11, WG12, and WG13) were sequenced. These strains were isolated from hypersaline fluid collected from a hydraulically fractured natural gas well. These genomes provide information on the mechanisms necessary for growth in these environments and offer insight into interactions with other community members.
Does rectal diclofenac reduce post-ERCP pancreatitis? A district general hospital experience
Authors: Sheiybani Giovanna , Brydon Peter , Toolan Miriam , Linehan John , Farrant Mark , Colleypriest Benjamin 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionThere is controversy in the literature recently regarding the efficacy of rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of PEP in three distinct groups of patients at the Royal United Hospital, Bath: no use of rectal diclofenac, selective use and blanket use without contraindication.MethodReadmission data, blood results, radiology reports and discharge summaries were used to identify patients with PEP from August 2010 to December 2015. The administration of rectal diclofenac postprocedure was recorded from the endoscopy reporting system.Results1318 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCP) were performed by four endoscopists during the study period with 66 (5.0%) cases of pancreatitis. 445 ERCPs were performed prior to the introduction of NSAID use during which time, with an incidence of 35 (7.9%) episodes of PEP. During the selective period of NSAID use (high-risk patients) 539 ERCPs were performed and 72 (13.4%) patients received NSAIDs. 17 (3.2%) developed PEP. 334 ERCPs were performed when NSAIDs were given to all patients without contraindication. 289 (86.5%) of patients received rectal diclofenac and 13 (3.9%) developed pancreatitis. There is a statistically significant decrease in PEP comparing the groups of patients receiving NSAIDs selectively (p=0.0009) or routinely (p=0.0172) when compared with none. There is no difference between the selective and routine group (p=0.571).ConclusionOur data demonstrate that the introduction of a selective or routine use of NSAIDs for PEP in a District General Hospital (DGH) significantly decreases the risk of pancreatitis (risk reduction 43.7%).
Wearable physiological monitoring for human thermal-work strain optimization
Authors: Buller Mark J. , Welles Alexander P. , Friedl Karl E. 
Published: August 2017

Safe performance limits of soldiers and athletes have typically relied on predictive work-rest models of ambient conditions, average work intensity, and characteristics of the population. Bioengineering advances in noninvasive sensor technologies, including miniaturization, reduced cost, power requirements, and comfort, now make it possible to produce individual predictions of safe thermal-work limits. These precision medicine assessments depend on the development of thoughtful algorithms based on physics and physiology. Both physiological telemetry and thermal-strain indexes have been available for >50 years, but greater computing power and better wearable sensors now make it possible to provide actionable information at the individual level. Core temperature can be practically estimated from time series heart rate data and, using an adaptive physiological strain index, provides meaningful predictions of safe work limits that cannot be predicted from only core temperature or heart rate measurements. Early adopters of this technology include specialized occupations where individuals operate in complete encapsulation such as chemical protective suits. Emerging technologies that focus on heat flux measurements at the skin show even greater potential for estimating thermal-work strain using a parsimonious sensor set. Applications of these wearable technologies include many sports and military training venues where inexperienced individuals can learn effective work pacing strategies and train to safe personal limits. The same strategies can also provide a technologically based performance edge for experienced workers and athletes faced with novel and nonintuitive physiological challenges, such as health care providers in full protective clothing treating Ebola patients in West Africa in 2014.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This mini-review details how the application of computational techniques borrowed from signal processing and control theory can provide meaningful advances for the applied physiological problem of real-time thermal-work strain monitoring. The work examines the development of practical core body temperature estimation techniques and how these can be used in combination with current and updated thermal-work strain indexes to provide objective state assessments and to optimize work rest schedules for a given task.
Morbidity and Mortality Conference for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Doll Jacob A. , Overton Robert , Patel Manesh R. , Rao Sunil V. , Sketch Michael H. , Harrison J. Kevin , Tcheng James E. 
Published: August 2017

Background—
Morbidity and mortality conference is a common educational and quality improvement activity performed in cardiac catheterization laboratories, but best practices for case selection and for maximizing the effectiveness of peer review have not been determined.

Methods and Results—
We reviewed the 10-year percutaneous coronary intervention morbidity and mortality conference experience of an academic medical center. Cases were triggered for review by the occurrence of prespecified procedural events. Summary reports from morbidity and mortality conference discussions were linked to clinical data from the Duke Databank for Cardiovascular Disease to compare baseline and procedural characteristics and to assess postdischarge outcomes. Of 11 786 procedures, from 2004 to 2013, 157 (1.3%) were triggered for review. The most frequent triggering events were cardioversion/defibrillation (72, 0.6%), unplanned use of mechanical circulatory support (64, 0.5%), and major dissection (41, 0.3%). Selected procedures were more likely to include high-risk features, such as ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, and multivessel disease, and were associated with higher mortality at 30 days. Only a minority of triggering events were caused by controversial or unacceptable physician behavior.

Conclusions—
This 10-year experience outlines the processes for conduct of an effective percutaneous coronary intervention morbidity and mortality conference, including a novel approach to case selection and structured peer review leading to actionable quality interventions. The prespecified clinical triggers, captured in the natural workflow by laboratory staff, identified complex cases that were associated with poor patient outcomes.
Regional Variation in 30-Day Ischemic Stroke Outcomes for Medicare Beneficiaries Treated in Get With The Guidelines–Stroke Hospitals
Authors: Thompson Michael P. , Zhao Xin , Bekelis Kimon , Gottlieb Daniel J. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Schulte Phillip J. , Xian Ying , Lytle Barbara L. , Schwamm Lee H. , Smith Eric E. , Reeves Mathew J. 
Published: August 2017

Background—
We explored regional variation in 30-day ischemic stroke mortality and readmission rates and the extent to which regional differences in patients, hospitals, healthcare resources, and a quality of care composite care measure explain the observed variation.

Methods and Results—

This ecological analysis aggregated patient and hospital characteristics from the Get With The Guidelines–Stroke registry (2007–2011), healthcare resource data from the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care (2006), and Medicare fee-for-service data on 30-day mortality and readmissions (2007–2011) to the hospital referral region (HRR) level. We used linear regression to estimate adjusted HRR-level 30-day outcomes, to identify HRR-level characteristics associated with 30-day outcomes, and to describe which characteristics explained variation in 30-day outcomes. The mean adjusted HRR-level 30-day mortality and readmission rates were 10.3% (SD=1.1%) and 13.1% (SD=1.1%), respectively; a modest, negative correlation (
r
=−0.17;
P
=0.003) was found between one another. Demographics explained more variation in readmissions than mortality (25% versus 6%), but after accounting for demographics, comorbidities accounted for more variation in mortality compared with readmission rates (17% versus 7%). The combination of hospital characteristics and healthcare resources explained 11% and 16% of the variance in mortality and readmission rates, beyond patient characteristics. Most of the regional variation in mortality (65%) and readmission (50%) rates remained unexplained.

Conclusions—
Thirty-day mortality and readmission rates vary substantially across HRRs and exhibit an inverse relationship. While regional variation in 30-day outcomes were explained by patient and hospital factors differently, much of the regional variation in both outcomes remains unexplained.