bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the activity of maturation inhibitor PF-46396 on HIV-1 clade C
Authors: Ghimire Dibya , Timilsina Uddhav , Srivastava Tryambak Pratap , Gaur Ritu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHIV maturation inhibitors are an emerging class of anti-retroviral compounds that inhibit the viral protease-mediated cleavage of the Gag, CA-SP1 (capsid-spacer peptide 1) peptide to mature CA. The first-in-class maturation inhibitor bevirimat (BVM) displayed potent activity against HIV-1 clade B but was ineffective against other HIV-1 clades including clade C. Another pyridone-based maturation inhibitor, PF-46396 displayed potent activity against HIV-1 clade B. In this study, we aimed at determining the activity of PF-46396 against HIV-1 clade C. We employed various biochemical and virological assays to demonstrate that PF-46396 is effective against HIV-1 clade C. We observed a dose dependent accumulation of CA-SP1 intermediate in presence of the compound. We carried out mutagenesis in the CA- SP1 region of HIV-1 clade C Gag and observed that the mutations conferred resistance against the compound. Many mutations inhibited Gag processing thereby reducing virus release in the absence of the compound. However, presence of PF-46396 rescued these defects and enhanced virus release, replication capacity and infectivity of HIV-1 clade C. These results put together identify PF-46396 as a broadly active maturation inhibitor against HIV-1 clade B and C and help in rational designing of novel analogs with reduced toxicity and increased efficacy for its potential use in clinics.
Depletion of Gangliosides Enhances Articular Cartilage Repair in Mice
Authors: Matsuoka Masatake , Onodera Tomohiro , Homan Kentaro , Sasazawa Fumio , Furukawa Jun-ichi , Momma Daisuke , Baba Rikiya , Hontani Kazutoshi , Joutoku Zenta , Matsubara Shinji , Yamashita Tadashi , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: March 2017

AbstractElucidation of the healing mechanisms in damaged tissues is a critical step for establishing breakthroughs in tissue engineering. Articular cartilage is clinically one of the most successful tissues to be repaired with regenerative medicine because of its homogeneous extracellular matrix and few cell types. However, we only poorly understand cartilage repair mechanisms, and hence, regenerated cartilage remains inferior to the native tissues. Here, we show that glycosylation is an important process for hypertrophic differentiation during articular cartilage repair. GM3, which is a precursor molecule for most gangliosides, was transiently expressed in surrounding damaged tissue, and depletion of GM3 synthase enhanced cartilage repair. Gangliosides also regulated chondrocyte hypertrophy via the Indian hedgehog pathway. These results identify a novel mechanism of cartilage healing through chondrocyte hypertrophy that is regulated by glycosylation. Manipulation of gangliosides and their synthases may have beneficial effects on articular cartilage repair.
Site-specific ADP-ribosylation of histone H2B in response to DNA double strand breaks
Authors: Rakhimova Alina , Ura Seiji , Hsu Duen-Wei , Wang Hong-Yu , Pears Catherine J. , Lakin Nicholas D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) modify proteins with single units or polymers of ADP-ribose to regulate DNA repair. However, the substrates for these enzymes are ill-defined. For example, although histones are modified by ARTs, the sites on these proteins ADP-ribosylated following DNA damage and the ARTs that catalyse these events are unknown. This, in part, is due to the lack of a eukaryotic model that contains ARTs, in addition to histone genes that can be manipulated to assess ADP-ribosylation events in vivo. Here we exploit the model Dictyostelium to identify site-specific histone ADP-ribosylation events in vivo and define the ARTs that mediate these modifications. Dictyostelium histones are modified in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in vivo by the ARTs Adprt1a and Adprt2. Adprt1a is a mono-ART that modifies H2BE18 in vitro, although disruption of this site allows ADP-ribosylation at H2BE19. Although redundancy between H2BE18 and H2BE19 ADP-ribosylation is also apparent following DSBs in vivo, by generating a strain with mutations at E18/E19 in the h2b locus we demonstrate these are the principal sites modified by Adprt1a/Adprt2. This identifies DNA damage induced histone mono-ADP-ribosylation sites by specific ARTs in vivo, providing a unique platform to assess how histone ADP-ribosylation regulates DNA repair.
Transfer free graphene growth on SiO2 substrate at 250 °C
Authors: Vishwakarma Riteshkumar , Rosmi Mohamad Saufi , Takahashi Kazunari , Wakamatsu Yuji , Yaakob Yazid , Araby Mona Ibrahim , Kalita Golap , Kitazawa Masashi , Tanemura Masaki 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLow-temperature growth, as well as the transfer free growth on substrates, is the major concern of graphene research for its practical applications. Here we propose a simple method to achieve the transfer free graphene growth on SiO2 covered Si (SiO2/Si) substrate at 250 °C based on a solid-liquid-solid reaction. The key to this approach is the catalyst metal, which is not popular for graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition. A catalyst metal film of 500 nm thick was deposited onto an amorphous C (50 nm thick) coated SiO2/Si substrate. The sample was then annealed at 250 °C under vacuum condition. Raman spectra measured after the removal of the catalyst by chemical etching showed intense G and 2D peaks together with a small D and intense SiO2 related peaks, confirming the transfer free growth of multilayer graphene on SiO2/Si. The domain size of the graphene confirmed by optical microscope and atomic force microscope was about 5 μm in an average. Thus, this approach will open up a new route for transfer free graphene growth at low temperatures.
Gamma-Band Activities in Mouse Frontal and Visual Cortex Induced by Coherent Dot Motion
Authors: Han Hio-Been , Hwang Eunjin , Lee Soohyun , Kim Min-Shik , Choi Jee Hyun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA key question within systems neuroscience is to understand how the brain encodes spatially and temporally distributed local features and binds these together into one perceptual representation. Previous works in animal and human have shown that changes in neural synchrony occur during the perceptual processing and these changes are distinguished by the emergence of gamma-band oscillations (GBO, 30–80 Hz, centered at 40 Hz). Here, we used the mouse electroencephalogram to investigate how different cortical areas play roles in perceptual processing by assessing their GBO patterns during the visual presentation of coherently/incoherently moving random-dot kinematogram and static dots display. Our results revealed that GBO in the visual cortex were strongly modulated by the moving dots regardless of the existence of a global dot coherence, whereas GBO in frontal cortex were modulated by coherence of the motion. Moreover, concurrent GBO across the multiple cortical area occur more frequently for coherently moving dots. Taken together, these findings of GBO in the mouse frontal and visual cortex are related to the perceptual binding of local features into a globally-coherent representation, suggesting the dynamic interplay across the local/distributed networks of GBO in the global processing of optic flow.
Simultaneous removal of atrazine and copper using polyacrylic acid-functionalized magnetic ordered mesoporous carbon from water: adsorption mechanism
Authors: Zhou Yaoyu , Zhang Fengfeng , Tang Lin , Zhang Jiachao , Zeng Guangming , Luo Lin , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Pei , Peng Bo , Liu Xiaocheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHighly efficient simultaneous removal of atrazine and Cu(II) was accomplished using synthesized polyacrylic acid-functionalized magnetic ordered mesoporous carbon (P-MMC) as compared to magnetic ordered mesoporous carbon (MMC) and ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC). The mutual effects and interactive mechanism of their adsorption onto P-MMC were investigated systematically by binary, preloading and thermodynamic adsorption procedures. In both binary and preloading systems, the adsorption of atrazine was inhibited to some extent by the presence of Cu(II) because of selective recognition and direct competition, but the presence of atrazine had negligible effect on Cu(II) desorption. With the coexistence of humic acid (0–20 mg L−1), both atrazine and Cu(II) sorption increased slightly in sole and binary systems. With the concentration of coexisting NaCl increasing from 0 to 100 mM, the adsorption capacity for Cu(II) slightly decreased, but as for atrazine adsorption, it decreased at first, and then increased slightly in sole and binary systems. P-MMC was applied to treat real environmental samples, and the sorption capacities for atrazine and Cu(II) in real samples were all more than 91.47% and 96.43% of those in lab ultrapure water, respectively. Finally, comprehensively considering the relatively good renewability and the superior behavior in the application to real water samples, P-MMC has potential in removal of atrazine, Cu(II) and possibly other persistent organic pollutants from wastewater.
Extra-metabolic energy use and the rise in human hyper-density
Authors: Burger Joseph R. , Weinberger Vanessa P. , Marquet Pablo A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHumans, like all organisms, are subject to fundamental biophysical laws. Van Valen predicted that, because of zero-sum dynamics, all populations of all species in a given environment flux the same amount of energy on average. Damuth’s ’energetic equivalence rule’ supported Van Valen´s conjecture by showing a tradeoff between few big animals per area with high individual metabolic rates compared to abundant small species with low energy requirements. We use metabolic scaling theory to compare variation in densities and individual energy use in human societies to other land mammals. We show that hunter-gatherers occurred at densities lower than the average for a mammal of our size. Most modern humans, in contrast, concentrate in large cities at densities up to four orders of magnitude greater than hunter-gatherers, yet consume up to two orders of magnitude more energy per capita. Today, cities across the globe flux greater energy than net primary productivity on a per area basis. This is possible by importing enormous amounts of energy and materials required to sustain hyper-dense, modern humans. The metabolic rift with nature created by modern cities fueled largely by fossil energy poses formidable challenges for establishing a sustainable relationship on a rapidly urbanizing, yet finite planet.
Synergistic effects of citrulline supplementation and exercise on performance in male rats: evidence for implication of protein and energy metabolisms
Authors: Goron Arthur , Lamarche Frédéric , Cunin Valérie , Dubouchaud Hervé , Hourdé Christophe , Noirez Philippe , Corne Christelle , Couturier Karine , Sève Michel , Fontaine Eric , Moinard Christophe 
Published: March 2017

Background: Exercise and citrulline (CIT) are both regulators of muscle protein metabolism. However, the combination of both has been under-studied yet may have synergistic effects on muscle metabolism and performance.
Methods: Three-month-old healthy male rats were randomly assigned to be fed ad libitum for 4 weeks with either a citrulline-enriched diet (1 g·kg−1·day−1) (CIT) or an isonitrogenous standard diet (by addition of nonessential amino acid) (Ctrl) and trained (running on treadmill 5 days·week−1) (ex) or not. Maximal endurance activity and body composition were assessed, and muscle protein metabolism (protein synthesis, proteomic approach) and energy metabolism [energy expenditure, mitochondrial metabolism] were explored.
Results: Body composition was affected by exercise but not by CIT supplementation. Endurance training was associated with a higher maximal endurance capacity than sedentary groups (P&lt;0.001), and running time was 14% higher in the CITex group than the Ctrlex group (139±4 min versus 122±6 min, P&lt;0.05). Both endurance training and CIT supplementation alone increased muscle protein synthesis (by +27% and +33%, respectively, versus Ctrl, P&lt;0.05) with an additive effect (+48% versus Ctrl, P&lt;0.05). Mitochondrial metabolism was modulated by exercise but not directly by CIT supplementation. However, the proteomic approach demonstrated that CIT supplementation was able to affect energy metabolism, probably due to activation of pathways generating acetyl-CoA.
Conclusion: CIT supplementation and endurance training in healthy male rats modulates both muscle protein and energy metabolisms, with synergic effects on an array of parameters, including performance and protein synthesis.
The Effects of Service-Delivery Model and Purchase Price on Hearing-Aid Outcomes in Older Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Humes Larry E. , Rogers Sara E. , Quigley Tera M. , Main Anna K. , Kinney Dana L. , Herring Christine 
Published: March 2017

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to determine efficacy of hearing aids in older adults using audiology best practices, to evaluate the efficacy of an alternative over-the-counter (OTC) intervention, and to examine the influence of purchase price on outcomes for both service-delivery models.

Design
The design of this study was a single-site, prospective, double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial with three parallel branches: (a) audiology best practices (AB), (b) consumer decides OTC model (CD), and (c) placebo devices (P). Outcome measures were obtained after a typical 6-week trial period with follow-up 4-week AB-based trial for those initially assigned to CD and P groups.

Setting
Older adults from the general community were recruited via newspaper and community flyers to participate at a university research clinic.

Participants
Participants were adults, ages 55–79 years, with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. There were 188 eligible participants: 163 enrolled as a volunteer sample, and 154 completed the intervention.

Intervention(s)
All participants received the same high-end digital mini-behind-the-ear hearing aids fitted bilaterally. AB and P groups received best-practice services from audiologists; differing mainly in use of appropriate (AB) or placebo (P) hearing aid settings. CD participants self-selected their own pre-programmed hearing aids via an OTC model.

Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures
Primary outcome measure was a 66-item self-report, Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (Cox & Gilmore, 1990). Secondary outcome measure was the Connected Speech Test (Cox, Alexander, & Gilmore, 1987) benefit. Additional measures of hearing-aid benefit, satisfaction, and usage were also obtained.

Results

Per-protocol analyses were performed. AB service-delivery model was found to be efficacious for most of the outcome measures, with moderate or large effect sizes (Cohen's
d
). CD service-delivery model was efficacious, with similar effect sizes. However, CD group had a significantly (
p
< .05) lower satisfaction and percentage (CD: 55%; AB: 81%; P: 36%) likely to purchase hearing aids after the trial.

Conclusions
Hearing aids are efficacious in older adults for both AB and CD service-delivery models. CD model of OTC service delivery yielded only slightly poorer outcomes than the AB model. Efficacious OTC models may increase accessibility and affordability of hearing aids for millions of older adults. Purchase price had no effect on outcomes, but a high percentage of those who rejected hearing aids paid the typical price (85%).

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01788432;
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01788423

Supplemental Materials

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5382499
Impact of Early Decompressive Craniectomy Following Blunt Traumatic Brain Injury on Mortality: Propensity Matched Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Nasim 
Published: March 2017

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the early craniectomy on mortality.
Hypothesis Early craniectomy within 4 hours of hospital arrival will reduce in-hospital mortality.
Methods Data were retrieved from the National Trauma Data Bank data set (RDS_2007-RDS_2010). All craniectomies performed on patients with a blunt mechanism of head injury within 24 hours of admission were included in the study. In-hospital mortality was the main outcome of interest.
Results A total of 942 patients qualified for the study. Overall, 669 patients (71%) underwent a craniectomy within 4 hours (early group), and 273 patients (29%) had a craniectomy performed between > 4 hours to 24 hours following hospital arrival (late group). Propensity matched analysis identified 268 pairs of patients in both groups. The mean standardized differences were < 10% after matching. There were no significant differences in mortality (odds ratio: 1.018; confidence interval [CI], 0.689–1.506; p = 1.00), absolute risk reduction (0.004; 95% CI, − 0.078 to 0.085; p = 1.00), and length of stay (LOS) between the groups (hazard ratio: 0.770; 95% CI, 0.56–1.059; p = 0.108).
Conclusion No differences were seen on in-hospital mortality and hospital LOS between patients operated within 4 hours versus patients operated between 4 and 24 hours of admission.
Revision of Total Knee Arthroplasties Performed in Young, Active Patients with Posttraumatic Arthritis and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Long William , Scott W. , Old Andrew 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRates of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in younger patients are rising significantly. A recent study performed at our institute illustrated the excellent survivorship of TKAs in patients younger than 55 years at a mean follow-up period of 25 years. This study reports on the 25 knees in this series that required revision surgery. Twenty-five revisions were performed in 24 patients. Indication for revision, clinical outcomes, and radiographs were reviewed at their most recent follow-up. Revisions were performed in 5 cases of infection, 2 cases of fracture/trauma, 17 cases of wear/loosening, and 1 case of instability. The average duration from primary TKA to revision surgery for the 25 knees was 12.5 years (range, 2–26 years). Follow-up was obtained in 24 of 25 TKAs. Nine of the 24 patients (10 knees) had died at the time of follow-up. The average duration from revision surgery to follow-up examination for the remaining knees was 10.5 years. Using the Knee Society scoring system, the average knee score was 89.0 points and the average functional score was 75.6 points. The mean Tegner activity score was 4.6 which exceeded the mean score for unrevised TKAs (2.9). The average range of motion was 119 degrees. None of the knee radiographs showed evidence of component loosening. Young patients who undergo TKA that require revision surgery had good mid-term clinical outcomes. This information is important in completing the clinical picture and outcomes associated with young patients undergoing TKA.
Long-Term Outcome of Microendoscopic Diskectomy for Lumbar Disk Herniation. A Clinical Study of Consecutive 112 Cases with More than 5-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Iesato Noriyuki , Terashima Yoshinori , Tanimoto Katsumasa , Takebayashi Tsuneo , Yamashita Toshihiko , Yoshimoto Mitsunori 
Published: March 2017

Background Clinical results and recurrence rate after microendoscopic diskectomy (MED) with long-term follow-up is still unclear, in spite of its relatively long history.
Materials and Methods A total of 112 who underwent MED participated in this study. Operative time, blood loss, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), and visual analog scale (VAS) were evaluated as indexes of surgical invasiveness. The 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-36), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, patient satisfaction, and recurrence were also evaluated with a follow-up of at least 5 years.
Results The mean operative time was 86.7 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 35.7 mL. The mean CRP on postoperative day 3 and CK on the first postoperative day was 0.72 mg/dL and 224.6 IU/L, respectively, and VAS to assess surgical site pain on the first postoperative day was 24.9 mm on average. The improvement rate in the JOA score was 68.7%. The physical component summary of SF-36 in norm-based scoring was improved from 23.4 to 48.6. Overall, 90.8% of patients evaluated their response to the surgery as extremely satisfied or satisfied. The recurrence rate was 10.5%, and reoperation was performed in 7.9% of patients.
Conclusions MED is a technique that offers both reduced invasiveness and good long-term clinical results.
Regional comparison of absolute gravimeters, EURAMET.M.G-K2 key comparison
Authors: Pálinkáš V , Francis O , Val'ko M , Kostelecký J , Camp M Van , Castelein S , Bilker-Koivula M , Näränen J , Lothhammer A , Falk R , Schilling M , Timmen L , Iacovone D , Baccaro F , Germak A , Biolcati E , Origlia C , Greco F , Pistorio A , Plaen R De , Klein G , Seil M , Radinovic R , Reudink R , Dykowski P , Sȩkowski M , Próchniewicz D , Szpunar R , Mojzeš M , JanÃ¡k J , Papčo J , Engfeldt A , Olsson P A , Smith V , Westrum D van , Ellis B , Lucero B 
Published: March 2017

In the framework of the regional EURAMET.M.G-K2 comparison of absolute gravimeters, 17 gravimeters were compared in November 2015. Four gravimeters were from different NMIs and DIs, they were used to link the regional comparison to the CCM.G.K2 by means of linking converter. Combined least-squares adjustments with weighted constraint was used to determine KCRV. Several pilot solutions are presented and compared with the official solution to demonstrate influences of different approaches (e.g. definition of weights and the constraint) on results of the adjustment. In case of the official solution, all the gravimeters are in equivalence with declared uncertainties.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Physical Activity Is Associated With Reduced Left Ventricular Mass in Obese and Hypertensive African Americans
Authors: Kamimura Daisuke , Loprinzi Paul D. , Wang Wanmei , Suzuki Takeki , Butler Kenneth R. , Mosley Thomas H. , Hall Michael E. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Physical activity (PA) has been associated with decreased left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in previous studies. However, little is known about the relationship between PA and LV structure and factors which influence this relationship among African Americans.

METHODS
We evaluated 1,300 African Americans with preserved LV ejection fraction (EF &gt; 50%) from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) Study (mean age 62.4 years, 73% women). PA index was calculated as 3 * heavy activity hours + 2 * moderate activity hours + slight activity hours/day. The relationship between PA index and LV structure was evaluated using generalized estimating equation. The association between PA index and LV mass index by age group, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of hypertension, diabetes or coronary heart disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and current smoking status were plotted.

RESULTS
After adjustment for these factors, higher PA index was independently associated with lower LV mass index (P &lt; 0.05). There were significant interactions between PA index and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and history of hypertension on LV mass index (P for interaction &lt;0.05, for both). Higher PA index was associated with lower LV mass index more in obese or hypertensive participants compared with nonobese or nonhypertensive participants.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher PA index was associated with reduced LV hypertrophy in obese and hypertensive African Americans. Prospective studies aimed at assessing whether increasing PA prevents LV hypertrophy and potentially reduces the risk of heart failure in these at risk groups are warranted.