bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injection 3D Concrete Printing: From Structural Geometry to Fabrication
Authors: Hack Norman , Kloft Harald , Mai Inka , D’Acunto Pierluigi , Xiao Yinan , Lowke Dirk 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArchitects and engineers have historically developed and reinvented concrete's technologies, formwork and aesthetics to suit the pragmatic and philosophical aims of their times. Architect and computational design researcher Norman Hack and his co‐authors introduce a contemporary method for the fabrication of concrete structural elements using the Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) process formulated at TU Braunschweig and discuss its benefits over other types of printed concrete.
Towards a Sustainable 3D‐Concrete‐Printed Architecture: Assemblies, Detailing and Ornamentation
Authors: Anton Ana , Dillenburger Benjamin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiven the long history of columns in the languages and lexicons of architecture, they are the ideal building elements with which to experiment in the pursuit of 3D‐printed concrete. Ana Anton and Benjamin Dillenburger of the Chair for Digital Building Technologies at ETH Zurich reveal how new technologies can produce sinuous filigree structures that are unachievable with conventional casting approaches, and also offer more advantages.
Reimagining Earthen Materials: The New Era of Sustainable and Digital Construction
Authors: Jenny David , Gramazio Fabio , Kohler Matthias 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEarthen buildings are ubiquitous throughout most of the world, and are still being constructed today. However, in the wake of our greater understanding of climate change, this historic architectural material is being seen and used in a new light, augmented by 21st‐century robotic dexterity. Guest‐Editor of this AD David Jenny, and Fabio Gramazio and Matthias Kohler, co‐founders of the architecture and design group Gramazio Kohler Research at ETH Zurich, discuss some of their recent achievements in this respect.
Direct Ink Write 3D Printing of Fully Dense and Functionally Graded Liquid Metal Elastomer Foams
Authors: Pak Spencer , Bartlett Michael D. , Markvicka Eric J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLiquid metal (LM) elastomer composites offer promising potential in soft robotics, wearable electronics, and human‐machine interfaces. Direct ink write (DIW) 3D printing offers a versatile manufacturing technique capable of precise control over LM microstructures, yet challenges such as interfilament void formation in multilayer structures impact material performance. Here, a DIW strategy is introduced to control both LM microstructure and material architecture. Investigating three key process parameters–nozzle height, extrusion rate, and nondimensionalized nozzle velocity–it is found that nozzle height and velocity predominantly influence filament geometry. The nozzle height primarily dictates the aspect ratio of the filament and the formation of voids. A threshold print height based on filament geometry is identified; below the height, significant surface roughness occurs, and above the ink fractures, which facilitates the creation of porous structures with tunable stiffness and programmable LM microstructure. These porous architectures exhibit reduced density and enhanced thermal conductivity compared to cast samples. When used as a dielectric in a soft capacitive sensor, they display high sensitivity (gauge factor = 9.0), as permittivity increases with compressive strain. These results demonstrate the capability to simultaneously manipulate LM microstructure and geometric architecture in LM elastomer composites through precise control of print parameters, while maintaining geometric fidelity in the printed design.
Machine Learning and Theoretical Prediction of Highly Spin‐Polarized Cr2COx MXene with Enhanced Curie Temperature
Authors: Yang Jianhui , shi Fei , Zhou Cheng , Zhang Shaozheng , Sui Qiao , Chen Liang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract2D magnetic materials with high spin polarization and Curie temperature are highly desirable for ultrathin spintronic devices. This study utilizes first‐principles methods to systematically investigate 225 O adsorption configurations, demonstrating that Cr2COx MXene consistently maintains a long‐range‐ordered ferromagnetic arrangement with high spin polarization, irrespective of the O adsorption configuration. Most configurations also display Curie temperature (TC) exceeding room temperature, with the possibility of further enhancement by reducing O coverage. Machine learning models are developed to accurately predict O adsorption configurations, exchange interaction energies, and TC. A novel approach of stripping F and OH groups to create Cr2COx on Cr‐based MXene surfaces is proposed to address the difficulty in achieving long‐range‐ordered magnetic structures by manipulating surface adsorbates in MXene. This approach enhances the ability to control the magnetic properties of MXenes and paves the way for their application in ultrathin spintronic devices.
Tailoring Nanocrystalline/Amorphous Interfaces to Enhance Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance for FeNi‐Based Alloy Fibers
Authors: Li Bo , Jiang Si‐Da , Fu Qiang , Wang Ran , Xu Wei‐Zhi , Chen Jun‐Xiang , Liu Chen , Xu Ping , Wang Xian‐Jie , Li Jian‐Hua , Fan Hong‐Bo , Huo Jun‐Tao , Sun Jian‐Fei , Ning Zhi‐Liang , Song Bo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEfficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts play a pivotal role in water electrolysis, notably for industrial high current densities (>1000 mA cm−2). Crystalline/amorphous heterostructure interfaces have proven to be advantageous for enhancing the OER activities of electrocatalytic materials. However, the constructing and tailoring for crystalline/amorphous interfaces still remain a great challenge due to the destruction of active substrates by intricate post‐treatment. Here, a strategy to tailor nanocrystalline/amorphous (N/A) interface and optimize the electrocatalytic performance of as‐cast N/A alloys by adjusting the size of nanocrystals is proposed. The N/A alloy fibers obtained based on this strategy exhibit superior OER performance with an overpotential of 227 mV (@10 mA cm−2), maintaining stability for over 1000, 600, and 240 h under high current densities of 500, 1000, and 1800 mA cm−2, respectively. Theoretical calculations and material characterizations reveal that N/A interfaces, facilitated by appropriately sized nanocrystals possessing a loose atomic arrangement, favorable surface electronic structure, advantageous local coordination, and optimal O‐contained intermediate adsorption, can yield abundant active sites without compromising stability. This study not only provides a deeper understanding of the tailoring mechanism of N/A interfaces but also offers a new design perspective for the development of cost‐effective, industrial‐grade electrocatalysts.
Nanoneedle Array‐Electroporation Facilitates Intranuclear Ribonucleoprotein Delivery and High Throughput Gene Editing
Authors: Liu Xinmin , Jiang Juan , Liu Jing , Yang Hao , Huang Zhangping , Deng Caiguanxi , Li Yongyong , Shang Liru , Wang Xiafeng , Xie Xi , Wang Ji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are critical regulators of T cell immunity, with immense therapeutic potential against tumors and autoimmune diseases. Efficient gene editing in DCs is crucial for understanding their regulatory mechanisms and maximizing their therapeutic efficacy. However, DCs are notoriously difficult to transfect, posing a major bottleneck for conventional DNA and RNA‐based editing approaches. Microneedle‐mediated injection of Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) directly into the nucleus, akin to gene editing in reproductive cells, offers promise but suffers from limitations in scalability. Here, an intranuclear delivery system using a hollow nanoneedle array (HNA) combined with nano‐electroporation is developed. The 2 µm‐high HNA physically reaches the nucleus, positioning the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane in close proximity at the tip. Transient electronic pulses then induce simultaneous perforations across all 3 membranes, enabling direct RNP delivery into the nucleus. This HNA‐based system achieves efficient knockout of genes like PD‐L1 in primary DCs, demonstrating its potential as a powerful tool for gene editing in DCs and other hard‐to‐transfect cells.
Effect of Mesa Sidewall Angle on 4H‐Silicon Carbide Trench Filling Epitaxy Using Trichlorosilane and Hydrogen Chloride
Authors: Turner Kelly , Colston Gerard , Stokeley Katarzyna , Newton Andrew , Renz Arne , Antoniou Marina , Gammon Peter , Mawby Philip , Shah Vishal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this report, the advanced manufacturing advantages of using supersaturated chlorinated chemistry are demonstrated at 1550 °C in 4H‐silicon carbide (4H‐SiC) epitaxy on trenches with different geometric profiles. Sloped mesa sidewalls (8°) show improved filling behavior compared with vertical sidewalls (2°) and lower the optimum chlorine/silicon ratio (Si:Cl) required to complete filling. Both the optimum Cl:Si ratio (10) and sidewall angle are lower for wider trench openings, allowing complete fill of 3 µm wide trenches (8 µm pitch, 5 µm depth) at a filling rate of 19 µm h−1. Excessive hydrogen chloride (HCl) diminishes filling by reducing sidewall growth and can also produce an end surface with very rough topography. This work demonstrates the importance of trench geometry on both the filling behavior and process optimization in chlorinated trench filling epitaxy for the manufacture of 4H‐SiC superjunction power electronics.
Strong, Reversible, Heat‐Activated Adhesion from Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks
Authors: Gou Hongye , Hou Shenghui , Saed Mohand O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSmart adhesives that undergo reversible detachment in response to external stimuli can be utilized for clean debonding on demand or for multi‐use purposes. Herein, robust and multi‐use adhesives are developed based on liquid crystal polymer networks. By controlling the glass transition temperatures (Tg), dry liquid crystal adhesives are fabricated with Tg ranging from 14 to 28 °C. These adhesives exhibit low tackiness at room temperature; however, upon heating and annealing, they can be activated, enabling effective deployment. The adhesion tack force increased after annealing from 1 to 7 N for liquid crystal network formulation with a high Tg (28 °C). At the same time, there is no noticeable change for formulations with Tg lower than room temperature. All formulations exhibit high adhesion strength (peel force) in the nematic region (1.0 to 1.6 Nmm−1) and low peel force in the isotropic region. Furthermore, the adhesives demonstrate the capability for reuse in more than five heating and cooling peeling cycles and have shown remarkable contamination tolerance to sand, oil, and dirt. Moreover, these adhesives display lap shear strengths comparable to those of traditional PSAs, reaching up to 3 MPa, with clean detachment except for the formulation with low Tg, which exhibited cohesive failure.
Solvent‐Free Dehydrogenative C−H Chalcogenations of Pyrazolones Using Mechanochemistry
Authors: Zheng Tao , Yu Zihan , Li Junlong , Gu Qilin , Gu Linghui , Li Zheyu , Ma Wenbo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA mechanochemical cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reaction of pyrazolones with thiols using ball milling is described. Benzeneselenol and dichalcogenide substrates are also compatible under mild reaction conditions, yielding up to 99 %. Notable features of this reaction include its metal‐ and solvent‐free, wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest that a radical pathway is likely involved in this C−H chalcogenation reaction.
A love letter to Black people or anti‐white propaganda? Black (non‐Indigenous) people reflections on the role of the #BlackLivesMatter movement in Australia
Authors: Gatwiri Kathomi , Townsend‐Cross Marcelle 
Published: September 2024

Abstract#BlackLivesMatter activism is a contemporaneous manifestation of a centuries‐old resistance against anti‐Black racism. This paper analyses diverse perceptions about the #BlackLivesMatter movement's purpose, significance and potential utility in the Australian context. Our analysis of the #BlackLivesMatter highlights how the movement harnessed the power of social media to deploy counternarratives to white supremacy on a global scale through sharing stories of anti‐Black discrimination and making visible the hidden and subtle conditions, practices and attitudes that embolden racial violence. Focussing on Black non‐Indigenous people's understandings of the #BlackLivesMatter movement in Australia, findings reveal that the movement improved racial discourse, raised awareness about the experiences of Black people in Australia and challenged the ‘superdiversity‐ multicultural‐ melting pot’ narrative that often obscures the insidious ways in which white supremacy produces and sustains anti‐Black, colour‐blind everyday racisms. Scepticism about the movement was also raised about the very real risk of the movement being “co‐opted” by whiteness in an attempt to capitalise on its popularity.
Red‐Shifting B12‐Dependent Photoreceptor Protein via Optical Coupling for Inducible Living Materials
Authors: Fok Hong Kiu Francis , Yang Z. , Dai Xin , Yi Qikun , Che Chi Ming , Jiang Lingxiang , Duan Liting , Huang Jinqing , Yang Zhongguang , Sun Fei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCobalamin (B12)‐dependent photoreceptors are gaining traction in materials synthetic biology, especially for optically controlling cell‐to‐cell adhesion in living materials. However, these proteins are mostly responsive to green light, limiting their deep‐tissue applications. Here, we present a general strategy for shifting photoresponse of B12‐dependent photoreceptor CarHC from green to red/far‐red light via optical coupling. Using thiol‐maleimide click chemistry, we labeled cysteine‐containing CarHC mutants with SulfoCyanine5 (Cy5), a red light‐capturing fluorophore. The resulting photoreceptors not only retained the ability to tetramerize in the presence of adenosylcobalamin (AdoB12), but also gained sensitivity to red light; labeled tetramers disassembled on red light exposure. Using genetically encoded click chemistry, we assembled the red‐shifted proteins into hydrogels that degraded rapidly in response to red light. Furthermore, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were genetically engineered to display CarHC variants, which, alongside in situ Cy5 labeling, led to living materials that could assemble and disassemble in response to AdoB12 and red light, respectively. These results illustrate the CarHC spectrally tuned by optical coupling as a versatile motif for dynamically controlling cell‐to‐cell interactions within engineered living materials. Given their prevalence and ecological diversity in nature, this spectral tuning method will expand the use of B12‐dependent photoreceptors in optogenetics and living materials.
Generation of Triplet States by Host‐Stabilized Through‐Space Conjugation for the Construction of Efficient Supramolecular Photocatalysts
Authors: Xu Weiquan , Du Yinghao , Ma He , Tang Xingchen , Ou Qi , Xu Jiang‐Fei , Zhang Xi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPromoting the generation of triplet states is essential for developing efficient photocatalytic systems. This research presents a novel approach of host‐stabilized through‐space conjugation via the combination of covalent and non‐covalent methods. The designed building block, 4,4′‐(1,4(1,4)‐dibenzene cyclohexaphane‐1,4‐diyl)bis(1‐phenylpyridinium) chloride, features inherently stable through‐space conjugation. When this block forms a 1 : 1 host–guest complex with cucurbit[8]uril, the through‐space conjugation is further stabilized within the confined cavity. Both the generation and lifetime of triplet state are significantly increased, resulting from the host‐stabilized through‐space conjugation. Additionally, the ultrahigh binding constant of 6.58×1014 M−1 ensures the persistence of host‐stabilization effect. As a result, the host–guest complex acts as a highly efficient catalyst in the photocatalytic oxidation of thioether and aromatic alcohol. In the photodegradation of lignin, a complex natural product, the host–guest complex also exhibits high efficiency, demonstrating its robustness. This line of research is anticipated to enrich the toolbox of supramolecular photochemistry and provide a strategy for fabricating efficient supramolecular photocatalysts.
3Dprinting of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites: Effect of process parameters in X‐band microwave absorption performance
Authors: Qin Ruosen , Fu Hongya , Han Zhenyu , Sun Shouzheng , Jin Hongyu , Cai Zhigang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present work investigates the effect of process parameters on the microwave absorption performance of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites in the X‐band (8–12 GHz). The selection of process parameters in this work is based on an orthogonal experiment, explicitly focusing on the fiber orientation and printing temperature. The coupled effect between fiber orientation and printing temperature on the average absorptivity is further investigated by using response surface methodology (RSM), and the mechanism of these parameters on the microwave absorption performance is revealed, resulting in the optimal process parameters with a fiber orientation of 58.39° and a printing temperature of 230°C. The predicted average absorptivity is 0.525 and the mechanical properties of specimens corresponding to optimal parameters have been characterized. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimization of process parameters could lead to a significant improvement in the average absorptivity. Moreover, the microstructure observation shows that voids have the opposite effect on microwave absorption performance and mechanical properties. The above studies have specific guiding significance to the further application of 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites in structural absorbing materials.
An efficient and effective RNA extraction protocol for ferns
Authors: Pelosi Jessie A. , Davenport Ruth , Barbazuk W. Brad , Sessa Emily B. , Kuo Li‐Yaung 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPremiseThe extraction of high‐quality RNA is the critical first step for the analysis of gene expression and gene space. This remains particularly challenging in plants, and especially in ferns, where the disruption of the cell wall and separation of organic compounds from nucleic acids is not trivial.MethodsWe developed a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)‐based RNA extraction protocol that consistently performs well across a large phylogenetic breadth of ferns—a lineage of plants high in secondary compounds—and in an array of tissue types. Two alternative options (precipitation vs. clean‐up without intermediate precipitation) are presented, both of which yield high‐quality RNA extracts with optical density (OD) ratios of OD 260/280 = 1.9–2.1 and OD 260/230 > 1.6, and RNA integrity numbers >7.ConclusionsThis study presents an efficient protocol for the extraction of high‐quality RNA from multiple tissues and across the fern phylogeny, a clade of plants that still lags behind other major lineages in the development of genomic resources. We hope that this method can be used to help facilitate the closing of this gap.
Enantiomeric separation of flavanone on Chiralpak® IA column and determination of the chiral mechanism
Authors: Ali Imran , Mimouni Fatima Zohra , Belboukhari Nasser , Sekkoum Khaled , Locatelli Marcello , Demir Ersin , Yusuf Kareem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThirteen flavanone racemates were successfully separated using a Chiralpak® IA column and isopropanol‐hexane (50:50, v/v). The mobile phase flow rate and detection wavelength were 0.5 mL/min and 254 nm. The retention times values ranged from 5.50 and 56.45 min. The values of the retention, separation, and resolution factors ranged from 0.63 to 21.67, 1.12 to 2.45, and 0.13 to 11.94. The docking binding energies ranged from −6.2 to −8.2 kcal/mol, showing enthalpy‐determined host‐guest complex formation. The molecular docking results and the experimental data were agreed well. The results showed that S‐enantiomers had stronger bindings with chiral selectors compared to R‐enantiomers. Consequently, the R‐enantiomers eluted first followed by S‐enantiomers. The reported method is highly useful to determine the enantiomeric composition of the reported flavanone in any sample.
LC‐ESI‐MS/MS method validation for simultaneous quantification of FDA‐approved anticancer agents futibatinib and binimetinib in rat plasma: Insights from preclinical pharmacokinetics
Authors: Dadge Shailesh D. , Yadav Shubhi , Rathaur Shivam , Gayen Jiaur R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the combination of FGFR inhibitor futibatinib (FTB) and MEK inhibitor binimetinib (BTB) for KRASmt NSCLC therapy. An analytical method was developed and validated for measuring FTB and BTB concentrations in rat plasma, adhering to USFDA guidelines. Using liquid–liquid extraction on 45‐μL plasma samples, a 6.5‐min run time was achieved. The linear calibration curve ranged from 2 to 100 ng/mL. Intra‐day and inter‐day accuracy ranged between 92.06% and 100.08%. Four blank injections post high‐concentration samples resolved significant carryover. Extraction recoveries averaged 92.06% to 102.37% across concentrations. No significant endogenous interference was detected in blank plasma. The LLOQ for both drugs was 2.0 ng/mL. Selectivity, matrix effects, stability, and dilution integrity met the acceptance criteria. The method assessed FTB and BTB interaction potential in combination therapy at 5 mg/kg. The findings provide essential pharmacokinetics insights for future clinical trials.
Social entrepreneurship and philanthropic venture capital financing
Authors: Sinha Nivedita , Biswas Shreya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhilanthropic venture capitalists (PhVCs) are instrumental in providing access to capital to social enterprises. Our research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of PhVCs in India. Using deals data for Indian startups from 2014 to 2020, we observe that, on average, 15% of the startup deals are PhVC‐funded, and the majority of these deals are in the early or growth stage of financing. Our research examines the challenges faced by social entrepreneurs by analyzing the point of negotiation between PhVCs and social entrepreneurs. We find that, on average, the post‐money valuation of social entrepreneurial ventures is lower than that of traditional start‐ups, suggesting towards the possibility of lower negotiation power compared to traditional entrepreneurs. This relatively lower valuation exists for all regions in India for growth and the late stages of financing. The study is important from a policy perspective to understand how policies can promote SEs and facilitate the smooth functioning of PhVCs looking to invest in social ventures. Improving venture capital funding avenues for social entrepreneurs is the key to reducing social ventures' financing constraints.