bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiometabolic Health Among Adult Offspring of Hypertensive Pregnancies: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Authors: Tapp Robyn J. , Hughes Alun D. , Kähönen Mika , Wong Tien Yin , Witt Nicholas , Lehtimäki Terho , Hutri‐Kähönen Nina , Sahota Pinki , Juonala Markus , Raitakari Olli T. 
Published: January 2018

Background

Cardiometabolic health among adult offspring of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (
HDP
) is relatively unknown. We hypothesized that offspring of
HDP
would have abnormalities in the retinal microvasculature and cardiac structure by midadulthood.

Methods and Results

The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study included randomly selected children from 5 Finnish university cities. The mean age of participants was 40 years (range 34–49 years) at the time of retinal photography and cardiac assessment. Offspring born ≥37 weeks of gestation and appropriate for gestational age (n=1006) were included. Offspring of
HDP
had higher systolic blood pressure (β=4.68,
P
<0.001), body mass index (β=1.25,
P
=0.009), and waist circumference (β=0.25,
P
=0.042), compared with offspring of normotensive pregnancies. However, no differences in fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, carotid intima media thickness, or brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation were shown. Retinal arteriolar diameters were narrower (β=−0.43,
P
=0.009) and longer (β=32.5,
P
=0.023) and the arteriolar length‐to‐diameter ratio was higher (β=2.32,
P
=0.006) among offspring of
HDP
, after adjustment for age and sex. Left atrial volume indexed to body surface area (β=1.34,
P
=0.040) was increased. Adjustment for the confounding effects of birth weight, body mass index, smoking and socioeconomic status, and the mediating effect of hypertension had little impact on the associations.

Conclusions

Abnormalities of the retinal microvasculature and cardiac structure are seen in offspring of
HDP
in midadulthood. These findings may need to be considered in future primary prevention strategies of cardiovascular disease among offspring of
HDP
.
Serum Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Risk of Incident Heart Failure in Older Men: The British Regional Heart Study
Authors: Wannamethee S. Goya , Jefferis Barbara J. , Lennon Lucy , Papacosta Olia , Whincup Peter H. , Hingorani Aroon D. 
Published: January 2018

Background

Evidence largely from animal studies suggests that conjugated linoleic acid (
CLA
) may have cardiovascular health benefits. However, few prospective studies have examined the association between
CLA
and cardiovascular disease. We have prospectively examined the association between serum
CLA
and incident coronary heart disease and heart failure (
HF
) in older men.

Methods and Results

Prospective study of 3806 men, aged 60 to 79 years, without prevalent
HF
followed up for an average of 13 years, during which there were 295 incident
HF
cases. A high‐throughput serum nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics platform was used to measure
CLA
concentration in serum, expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids (
CLA
%).
CLA
% was adversely associated with cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol but was inversely associated with C‐reactive protein and
NT
‐pro
BNP
(N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; a marker of ventricular stress). No association was seen between
CLA
% and incident coronary heart disease. High
CLA
% was associated with significantly reduced risk of
HF
after adjustment for
HF
risk factors and C‐reactive protein (hazard ratio [95%
confidence interval
], 0.64 [0.43–0.96]; quartile 4 versus quartile 1). Elevated
CLA
% was associated with reduced
HF
risk only in those with higher dairy fat intake, a major dietary source of
CLA
(test for interaction
P
=0.03). The reduced risk of
HF
was partially explained by
NT
‐pro
BNP
. High dairy fat intake was not associated with incident coronary heart disease but was associated with reduced risk of
HF
, largely because of the inverse effect of
CLA
.

Conclusions

The finding that high
CLA
% is associated with lower risk of incident
HF
in older men requires confirmation in larger studies.
Impact of Aging on the Strength of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Longitudinal Study Over 40 Years
Authors: Lind Lars , Sundström Johan , Ärnlöv Johan , Lampa Erik 
Published: January 2018

Background
The knowledge of the impact of cardiovascular risk factors at different ages has mainly been based on different studies performed at different ages. This study aimed to investigate the change in impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors over the aging process in subjects followed for 4 decades.

Methods and Results

In the ULSAM (Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men) study, 2322 men originally investigated in 1970 to 1974 have been followed regarding cardiovascular diseases until the end of 2013. This cohort has been investigated physically at ages 50, 60, 70, 77, and 82 years regarding body mass index, low‐density lipoprotein‐ and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and smoking. These data were used to model the interactions between risk factors and age regarding incident myocardial infarction (n=540), ischemic stroke (n=343), or heart failure (n=397). Significant interactions were observed between age and the set of traditional risk factors regarding all 3 outcomes (
P
<0.05 for all). Generally, a decline in the rate ratios was seen with aging for most risk factors, being most pronounced for body mass index regarding myocardial infarction and for systolic blood pressure regarding ischemic stroke and heart failure. However, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol was significantly related to incident myocardial infarction, whereas both body mass index and fasting glucose were significantly related to incident heart failure also at a high age.

Conclusions
Using a longitudinal design in middle‐aged men spanning 4 decades showed that the impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors generally declined with aging. However, some of the risk factors remained significantly associated with incident cardiovascular disease also at old age.
Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9 and Cognitive Impairment After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhong Chongke , Bu Xiaoqing , Xu Tan , Guo Libing , Wang Xuemei , Zhang Jintao , Cui Yong , Li Dong , Zhang Jianhui , Ju Zhong , Chen Chung‐Shiuan , Chen Jing , Zhang Yonghong , He Jiang 
Published: January 2018

Background
The impact of serum matrix metalloproteinases‐9 (MMP‐9) on cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between serum MMP‐9 in the short‐term acute phase of ischemic stroke and cognitive impairment at 3 months.

Methods and Results

Our study was based on a subsample from the CATIS (China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke); a total of 558 patients with serum MMP‐9 levels from 7 of 26 participating sites of the trial were included in this analysis. Cognitive impairment severity was categorized as severe, mild, or none (Mini‐Mental State Examination score, <23, 23–26, or ≥27, respectively; Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, <20, 20–24, or ≥25, respectively). Cognitive impairment was defined as a score of <27 for Mini‐Mental State Examination or <25 for Montreal Cognitive Assessment. According to Mini‐Mental State Examination score, 143 participants (25.6%) had mild cognitive impairment and 153 (27.4%) had severe cognitive impairment at 3 months. After adjustment for age, National Institutes of Health stroke score, education, and other covariates, the odds ratio for the highest quartile of serum MMP‐9 compared with the lowest quartile was 3.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.87–5.49) for cognitive impairment. Multiple‐adjusted spline regression model showed a linear association between MMP‐9 levels and cognitive impairment (
P
<0.001 for linearity). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses further confirmed these results. Similar significant findings were observed when cognitive impairment was defined by Montreal Cognitive Assessment score.

Conclusions
Increased serum MMP‐9 levels in the short‐term phase of ischemic stroke were associated with 3‐month cognitive impairment, independently of established risk factors.
Unmeasured Confounders in Observational Studies Comparing Bilateral Versus Single Internal Thoracic Artery for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gaudino Mario , Di Franco Antonino , Rahouma Mohamed , Tam Derrick Y. , Iannaccone Mario , Deb Saswata , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Abouarab Ahmed A. , Girardi Leonard N. , Taggart David P. , Fremes Stephen E. 
Published: January 2018

Background
Observational studies suggest a survival advantage with bilateral single internal thoracic artery (BITA) versus single internal thoracic artery grafting for coronary surgery, whereas this conclusion is not supported by randomized trials. We hypothesized that this inconsistency is attributed to unmeasured confounders intrinsic to observational studies. To test our hypothesis, we performed a meta‐analysis of the observational literature comparing BITA and single internal thoracic artery, deriving incident rate ratio for mortality at end of follow‐up and at 1 year. We postulated that BITA would not affect 1‐year survival based on the natural history of coronary artery bypass occlusion, so that a difference between groups at 1 year could not be attributed to the intervention.

Methods and Results

We searched MEDLINE and Pubmed to identify all observational studies comparing the outcome of BITA versus single internal thoracic artery. One‐year and long‐term mortality for BITA and single internal thoracic artery were compared in the propensity‐score–matched (PSM) series, that is, the form of observational evidence less prone to confounders. Thirty‐eight observational studies (174 205 total patients) were selected for final comparison. In the 12 propensity‐score–matched series (34 019 patients), the mortality reduction for BITA was similar at 1 year and at the end of follow‐up (incident rate ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–0.82 versus 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.85;
P
for subgroup difference=0.43).

Conclusions
Unmeasured confounders, rather than biological superiority, may explain the survival advantage of BITA in observational series.
Guard against Inadvertent IV Administration of Long-Acting Penicillins Coumadin and Generic Warfarin Given to the Same Patient Nitroglycerin Patch, Are You There? Natru-Vent and Atrovent
Authors: Cohen Michael R. 
Published: January 2018

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program, which is presented in cooperation with the Institute of Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 1-800-233-7767 (1-800-23-ERROR). Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writer's names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.
Zaleplon
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Baker Danial E. , Levien Terri 
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary® Monograph Service receive five to six researched monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. The monographs are published in printed form and on diskettes that allow customization. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board called The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X). All topics pertinent to clinical pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The January 2000 Formulary monographs are on entacapone, exemestane, oseltamivir, perindopril, and clinafloxacin. The DUE is on entacapone.
Dose Confusion with Phosphorus-Containing Products Improper Mixing with Insulin Pens Counseling Patients on Proper Use of Measuring Devices “EDTA” Mix-Ups Modification of Percocet Nomenclature
Authors: Cohen Michael R. 
Published: January 2018

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program, which is presented in cooperation with the Institute of Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 1-800-233-7767 (1-800-23-ERROR). Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writer's names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.
Consensus Development Conference Intravenou men Drug on the Safety Systems: Balancing Safety and Cost
Authors: Bates David W. , Cousins Diane D. , Flynn Elizabeth , Gosbee John W. , Richason Linda , Schneider Philip J. 
Published: January 2018

As cost-containment pressures on health care systems continue, traditional practices are searching for ways to deliver care less expensively. Intravenous drug delivery systems have become a targeted area for cost savings in many health care institutions because they are so extensively used. Benchmark systems that have been shown to improve safety, such as unit-dose drug distribution and IV admixture programs, are now being viewed as costly alternatives. Likewise, technologies and innovations that have the potential to improve efficiency and safety are being critically scrutinized. The decision matrix for selection of IV drug delivery systems needs to carefully balance cost, quality, efficiency, and safety—relative to the medication use process as a whole. This article presents the final statement of the Consensus Development Conference on the Safety of Intravenous Drug Delivery Systems, held on September 27–28, 1999, in Phoenix, AZ. The purpose of the conference was to provide a balanced assessment of available IV drug delivery systems.
Oseltamivir
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Baker Danial E. , Levien Terri 
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary® Monograph Service receive five to six researched monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. The monographs are published in printed form and on diskettes that allow customization. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board called The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X). All topics pertinent to clinical pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The February 2000 Formulary monographs are dofetilide, bexarotine, dexmedetomidine HCl, nitric oxide for inhalation, and nedocromil sodium ophthalmic solution. The DUE is on doeftilide.
Misidentification of Alphanumeric Characters Confusion between Sufenta and Sublimaze Fortune 500 Company Benefit Plans Adopting Computerized Physician Order Entry Standards
Authors: Cohen Michael R. 
Published: January 2018

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program, which is presented in cooperation with the Institute of Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 1-800-233-7767 (1-800-23-ERROR). Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writer's names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.
Gatifloxacin
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Baker Danial E. , Levien Terri 
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary® Monograph Service receive five to six researched monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. The monographs are published in printed form and on diskettes that allow customization. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board called The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X). All topics pertinent to clinical pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The April 2000 Formulary monographs are alsosetron, oxcarbazepine, mitoxantrone, cevimeline HCl, and cicloporox. The DUE is on alosetron.
Preventing Medication Errors with Antineoplastic Agents, Part 1
Authors: Beckwith M. Christina , Tyler Linda S. 
Published: January 2018

Goal — The goal of this program is to present practical ways to prevent medication errors with antineoplastic agents, identify common types of medication errors, and describe a system for reducing the incidence of medication errors and responding appropriately to antineoplastic medication errors. Objectives — At the completion of this program, the participant will be able to: 1. Describe the scope and impact of medication errors 2. Define common terms used in medication error literature. 3. List four common types of prescribing errors made with anti-neoplastic agents. 4. Identify steps where medication errors may occur during the drug ordering, preparation, and administration process. 5. Describe ways to prevent errors at each step of the medication use process. 6. Recommend a procedure for reporting and monitoring antineoplastic medication errors within the institution. 7. Describe a system for the non-punitive management of antineoplastic medication errors in health care systems.
Dofetilide
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Baker Danial E. , Levien Terri 
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary® Monograph Service receive five to six researched monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. The monographs are published in printed form and on diskettes that allow customization. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board called The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X). All topics pertinent to clinical pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The May 2000 Formulary monographs are linezolid, pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine, apomorphine, levobetaxolol HCl, mequinol 2% and tretinoin 0.1% topical solution. The DUE is on dexmedetomidine.
Immunization from the Perspective of a Millennium
Authors: Grabenstein John D. 
Published: January 2018

Credit This lesson is good for 0.2 CE units, with a passing grade of 70%. Objectives After completing this continuing education article, the pharmacist will be able to: 1. Describe the evolution of immunization over the past thousand years. 2. Discuss the impact of specific infectious diseases on world populations before the development of immunizations against them. 3. Understand the significance of immunization in increasing human lifespan. 3. Compare immunization policies of different eras in the 20th century. 4. Identify some potential new applications of immunological drugs in the 21st century.
Alosetron
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Baker Danial E. , Levien Terri 
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary® Monograph Service receive five to six researched monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. The monographs are published in printed form and on diskettes that allow customization. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board called The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X). All topics pertinent to clinical pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The June 2000 Formulary monographs are on pantoprazole, oral and intravenous; meloxicam; zonisamide; gentuzum-ab zogamicin; and vertiporfin. The DUE is on meloxicam.
Preventing Medication Errors with Antineoplastic Agents, Part 2
Authors: Beckwith M. Christina , Tyler Linda S. 
Published: January 2018

Goal The goal of this program is to present practical ways to prevent medication errors with antineoplastic agents, identify common types of medication errors, and describe a system for reducing and responding appropriately to antineoplastic medication errors. Objectives At the completion of this program the participant will be able to: 1. Describe the scope and impact of medication errors 2. Define common terms used in medication error literature. 3. List four common types of prescribing errors made with antineoplastic agents. 4. Identify steps where medication errors may occur in the drug ordering, preparation, and administration process. 5. Describe ways to prevent errors at each step of the medication use process. 6. Recommend a procedure for reporting and monitoring antineoplastic medication errors within the institution. 7. Describe a system for the nonpunitive management of antineoplastic medication errors in health care systems.