bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responsive HTML generation using SuperSQL
Authors: Goto Kento , Koshijima Ryosuke , Toyama Motomichi 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
With the rapid spread of smartphones and tablets, it is becoming necessary for web developers to create responsive web pages which are visually appealing on devices of various sizes. However, building responsive UIs is a very challenging task, requiring deep knowledge of HTML and CSS. This paper aims to propose an approach to generate responsive web pages using SuperSQL, which is an extension of SQL that can format data retrieved from a database into various kinds of structured documents.

Design/methodology/approach
By incorporating the methodology of bootstrap, a grid-based framework for front-end development, the authors have made it possible to create responsive web pages from simple SuperSQL queries. In addition, by utilizing SuperSQL’s unique feature that can describe the structure of the output web page, the authors have proposed and implemented a mechanism to automatically optimize the web content’s size and position.

Findings
In the evaluation, the authors created some actual web applications with and without the use of SuperSQL and compared the code amount (number of lines). As a result, when using the proposed system, the amount of code was reduced to about 1/5. The authors also compared the layout generated by the proposed automatic layout generation mechanism with the responsive layout that was generated manually. As a result, the automatic layout generation mechanism created the same layout as the manually created layout 74.8 per cent of the time, and the user satisfaction level turned out to be 85.8 per cent.

Originality/value
The way to generate a responsive HTML by using a single SuperSQL query, and the mechanism for automatic responsive layout generation.
Resource scarcity in SMEs: effects on incremental and radical innovations
Authors: Woschke Tino , Haase Heiko , Kratzer Jan 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThis study deals with the impact of resource scarcity on the innovation performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this paper is to scrutinise whether resource scarcity among SMEs has an effect on their innovation performance.Design/methodology/approachThe sample was based on panel data for 302 SMEs from the mechanical and electrical engineering sectors. Firms were divided into four groups by resource scarcity: human resource scarcity, financial resource scarcity, both types of resource scarcity and no resource scarcity. To test for significant inter-group differences in innovation performance, multivariate analysis of covariance and a multiple discriminant function analysis were carried out.FindingsThe results indicated that resource scarcity can have a positive effect on incremental but not radical innovation performance in SMEs. However, the authors found this to be true for financial resource scarcity only.Research limitations/implicationsThese results may not be applicable to all SMEs, as the authors only focused on the industries of mechanical and electrical engineering. Future studies should focus on analysing the internal structures of SMEs that led to this study’s results. More research should also be conducted on ways that resource-limited SMEs can appropriately conduct radical innovations. Finally, resources should be made available for both practitioners and academics, explaining why the acquisition of resources is not always be the best option in response to limited resources.Practical implicationsThese results indicate that resource-constrained SMEs, especially those that struggle with limited finances, should concentrate their innovation activities on incremental rather than radical innovations.Originality/valueThis study closes the knowledge gap as to whether it is beneficial for resource-limited SMEs to focus on either incremental or radical innovation. From the theoretical viewpoint, the resource-based view provides two strategies for resource-limited SMEs: acquiring new resources or recombining available resources. The authors were able to clearly demonstrate for the first time that the recombination of resources is especially important for SMEs that specifically wish to pursue incremental innovation.
Why have relative rates of class mobility become more equal among women inBritain?
Authors: Bukodi Erzsébet , Goldthorpe John H. , Joshi Heather , Waller Lorraine 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn a previous paper it has been shown that across three cohorts of men and women born in Britain in 1946, 1958 and 1970 a gender difference exists in regard to relative rates of class mobility. For men these rates display an essential stability but for women they become more equal. The aim of the present paper is to shed light on the causes of this trend—or, that is, of increasing social fluidity—among women. We begin by considering a refined version of the perverse fluidity hypothesis: that is, one that proposes that part‐time work leads to increasing downward worklife mobility among women that also entails downward intergenerational mobility and thus promotes greater fluidity. We do in fact find that the increase in fluidity is very largely, if not entirely, confined to women who have had at least one period of part‐time work. However, a more direct test of the hypothesis is not supportive. We are then led to investigate whether it is not that part‐time working itself is the crucial factor but rather that women who subsequently work part‐time already differ from those who do not at entry into employment. We find that eventual full‐ and part‐timers do not differ in their class origins nor, in any systematic way, in their educational qualifications. But there is a marked and increasing difference in the levels of employment at which they make their labour market entry. Eventual part‐timers are more likely than eventual full‐timers to enter in working‐class positions, regardless of their class origins and qualifications. Insofar as these women are from more advantaged origins, they would appear not to seek to exploit their advantages to the same extent as do full‐timers in order to advance their own work careers. And it is, then, in the downward mobility accepted by these women—who increase in number across the cohorts—that we would locate the main source of the weakening association between class origins and destinations that is revealed among women at large.
Expensing Versus Capitalization
Authors: Lu Tong , Sivaramakrishnan Konduru 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe develop a theoretical framework to study the effects of expensing versus capitalization of investment expenditures on capital market asset prices, corporate investment, and investment efficiency. We use a two‐period model in which the financial reports at the end of the first period influence the price of the firm. In the first period, the current owner makes an investment decision that yields returns during the first and the second periods. We highlight the benefits and costs of the matching principle in GAAP and identify conditions under which less disclosure improves investment efficiency. We find that, in terms of investment efficiency, expensing beats capitalization if and only if the expected growth rate is high, the growth volatility is large, or the earnings persistence is small. We also offer testable empirical implications for accounting choice and for real earnings management.
IFRS Adoption in Emerging Markets: The Case of Jordan
Authors: Al‐Htaybat Khaldoon 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study is to research the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Jordan, which was one of the first Middle Eastern emerging economies to adopt IFRS. The paper investigates the related factors that pressure and prevent such adoption over time, and illustrates the developmental aspects of such adoption. An interpretive methodology is employed, and perceptions of the study's participants are analysed regarding the adoption of IFRS in Jordan, which is an area that is under researched. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken to collect Jordanian experts’ perceptions. Based on the empirical data analysis and prior theoretical and empirical literature, an adoption model was developed, which can serve future studies as well. The model illustrates the paradox of accounting changes in emerging economies, in which the actual conditions that pressure IFRS adoption are also the conditions that prevent full adoption. The model also provides an explanation of the implementation process of IFRS in emerging economies at both country and corporation levels. It combines practical features and related theories in an integrative model seeking to explain the phenomenon of IFRS as a new accounting regulation change.
The concepts of asymmetric and symmetric power can help resolve the puzzle of altruistic and cooperative behaviour
Authors: Phillips Tim 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTEvolutionary theory predicts competition in nature yet altruistic and cooperative behaviour appears to reduce the ability to compete in order to help others compete better. This evolutionary puzzle is usually explained by kin selection where close relatives perform altruistic and cooperative acts to help each other and by reciprocity theory (i.e. direct, indirect and generalized reciprocity) among non‐kin. Here, it is proposed that the concepts of asymmetry and symmetry in power and dominance are critical if we are ever to resolve the puzzle of altruism and cooperation towards non‐kin. Asymmetry in power and dominance is likely to emerge under competition in nature as individuals strive to gain greater access to the scarce resources needed to survive and reproduce successfully. Yet asymmetric power presents serious problems for reciprocity theory in that a dominant individual faces a temptation to cheat in interactions with subordinates that is likely to far outweigh any individual selective benefits gained through reciprocal mechanisms. Furthermore, action taken by subordinates to deter non‐reciprocation by dominants is likely to prove prohibitively costly to their fitness, making successful enforcement of reciprocal mechanisms unlikely. It is also argued here that many apparently puzzling forms of cooperation observed in nature (e.g. cooperative breeding in which unrelated subordinates help dominants to breed) might be best explained by asymmetry in power and dominance. Once it is recognized that individuals in these cooperative interactions are subject to the constraints and opportunities imposed on them by asymmetric power then they can be seen as pursuing a ‘least bad’ strategy to promote individual fitness – one that is nevertheless consistent with evolutionary theory. The concept of symmetric power also provides important insights. It can inhibit reciprocal mechanisms in the sense that symmetric power makes it easier for a cheat to appropriate common resources while incurring fewer penalties. Nevertheless under certain restrictive conditions, symmetric power is seen as likely to promote direct reciprocity through ‘tit for tat’.
Condensed Mastery Profile Method for Setting Standards for Diagnostic Assessment Systems
Authors: Clark A. K. , Nash B. , Karvonen M. , Kingston N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a standard‐setting method appropriate for use with a diagnostic assessment that produces profiles of student mastery rather than a single raw or scale score value. The condensed mastery profile method draws from established holistic standard‐setting methods to use rounds of range finding and pinpointing to specify cut points between performance levels. Panelists are convened to review profiles of mastery and specify cut points between performance levels based on the total number of skills mastered. Following panelist specification of cut points, a statistical method is implemented to smooth cut points over grades to decrease between‐grade variability. Procedural evidence, including convergence plots, standard errors of pinpointing ratings, and panelist feedback, suggest the condensed mastery profile method is a useful and technically sound approach for setting performance standards for diagnostic assessment systems.
Morphing structures and fatigue: The case of an unmanned aerial vehicle wing leading edge
Authors: Moreira S.J. , Tavares S.M.O. , de Castro P.M.S.T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWith the emergence of novel aircraft structural concepts, which make use of large‐scale shape deflections to achieve improved flight performance across significantly different flight regimes and missions, unusual crack paths and mixed‐mode crack propagation situations may take place. Consequently, morphing concepts require a full understanding of the materials' behaviour in primary or secondary structures to reliably withstand unusual and demanding operating conditions.A case study of a morphing leading edge developed for the wings of an unmanned aerial vehicle is presented in this paper. Leading edges are subjected to damage originated by bird strike or other events, and those damages can compromise the structural integrity and stability of the flight. Due to the deflections during the morphing structure actuation, cracks will propagate eventually until critical sizes. Possible crack propagation scenarios are presented, considering the service operation of the morphing leading edge.
Forecasting Individual Headache Attacks Using Perceived Stress: Development of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Persons With Episodic Migraine
Authors: Houle Timothy T. , Turner Dana P. , Golding Adrienne N. , Porter John A. H. , Martin Vincent T. , Penzien Donald B. , Tegeler Charles H. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a prediction model that forecasts future migraine attacks for an individual headache sufferer.BackgroundMany headache patients and physicians believe that precipitants of headache can be identified and avoided or managed to reduce the frequency of headache attacks. Of the numerous candidate triggers, perceived stress has received considerable attention for its association with the onset of headache in episodic and chronic headache sufferers. However, no evidence is available to support forecasting headache attacks within individuals using any of the candidate headache triggers.MethodsThis longitudinal cohort with forecasting model development study enrolled 100 participants with episodic migraine with or without aura, and N = 95 contributed 4626 days of electronic diary data and were included in the analysis. Individual headache forecasts were derived from current headache state and current levels of stress using several aspects of the Daily Stress Inventory, a measure of daily hassles that is completed at the end of each day. The primary outcome measure was the presence/absence of any headache attack (head pain > 0 on a numerical rating scale of 0‐10) over the next 24 h period.ResultsAfter removing missing data (n = 431 days), participants in the study experienced a headache attack on 1613/4195 (38.5%) days. A generalized linear mixed‐effects forecast model using either the frequency of stressful events or the perceived intensity of these events fit the data well. This simple forecasting model possessed promising predictive utility with an AUC of 0.73 (95% CI 0.71‐0.75) in the training sample and an AUC of 0.65 (95% CI 0.6‐0.67) in a leave‐one‐out validation sample. This forecasting model had a Brier score of 0.202 and possessed good calibration between forecasted probabilities and observed frequencies but had only low levels of resolution (ie, sharpness).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that future headache attacks can be forecasted for a diverse group of individuals over time. Future work will enhance prediction through improvements in the assessment of stress as well as the development of other candidate domains to use in the models.
Synthesis and characterization of novel bio‐material: Nano composites of hydroxyapatite and curcumin
Authors: Jogiya Bhoomika , Chudasama Kiran , Thaker Vrinda , Joshi Mhir 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHydroxyapatite/curcumin nano‐composites were synthesized by surfactant mediated approach. As hydroxyapatite is a bio‐mineral with various bio‐medical applications, the composites were made with natural pigment curcumin having numerous therapeutic applications and characterized it using various analytical techniques like powder XRD, FT‐IR, TEM, TGA, CHN, and Impedance spectroscopic studies. Impedance spectroscopy study suggested the effect of grain and grain boundary for pure hydroxyapatite, while only the grain effect was observed for the composites. Hemolytic and antimicrobial activities were also carried out suggesting that the samples were safer to use medically. The bio‐activity study was conducted using Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) in vitro indicating increased bio‐activity in terms of increased formation of apatite layer.
Very early hallucinatory experiences: a school‐based study
Authors: Pignon Baptiste , Geoffroy Pierre A. , Gharib Axelle , Thomas Pierre , Moutot Dan , Brabant William , Weens Brigitte , Dupond Marie‐Pierre , Caron Annick , Falissard Bruno , Medjkane François , Jardri Renaud 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe prevalence and clinical significance of hallucinatory experiences among children below 7 years of age remain unknown. We aimed to determine the independent influences of sensory deficits, the presence of an imaginary companion and metacognition on hallucinatory experiences. We assumed that hallucinatory experiences were associated with (a) sensory deficits, (b) the presence of an imaginary companion (IC) and (c) metacognition defaults (i.e. first‐ and second‐order theory of mind default).MethodsAll children in the third year of preschool from a region of Northern France underwent medical screening. We compared the prevalence rates of visual, auditory and audio‐visual hallucinatory experiences based on (a) the presence of visual or auditory deficits, (b) the actual presence of an IC and (c) metacognition. The analyses were adjusted for age.ResultsA total of 1,087 children aged between 5 and 7 years were included. The prevalence rates of auditory, visual and audio‐visual hallucinatory experiences were 15.8%, 12.5% and 5.8%, respectively. The prevalences of different types of hallucinatory experiences were not significantly different according to sensory deficit. The prevalences of all types of hallucinatory experiences were significantly higher among children with an IC and among children with metacognition defaults.ConclusionsThe association between hallucinatory experiences and sensory deficits might concern only long‐lasting deficits. The association with the presence of an IC confirms experimental findings of the likelihood of perceiving words among meaningless auditory stimuli. Relations between hallucinatory experiences and theory of mind need to be addressed in longitudinal studies.
Predictors of Early Continence after Robot‐assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: YAMADA Yuta , FUJIMURA Tetsuya , FUKUHARA Hiroshi , SUGIHARA Toru , NAKAGAWA Tohru , KUME Haruki , IGAWA Yasuhiko , HOMMA Yukio 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveOur objective was to investigate predictors of early continence outcome after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).MethodsClinical records were prospectively collected in 272 patients who underwent RARP. Clinical parameters, continence rates, and time to achieve continence were investigated and analyzed. Recovery of continence was defined as achieving complete continence (pad‐free).ResultsIn the univariate analysis, young age (≤67 years) and low pT stage (≤pT2) were significantly associated with continence achieved within 2 weeks after RARP (P = 0.0343 and P = 0.0406, respectively). Low prostate weight was the only factor associated with recovery of continence within 1 month (P = 0.0461). Multivariate analysis revealed that young age (≤67 years) and low pT stage (≤pT2) were statistically significant predictors of continence within 2 weeks after RARP (P = 0.040 and P = 0.015, respectively).ConclusionYoung age and low pT stage were independent predictors of early continence.
Predicting in a predicament: Stroke and hemorrhage risk prediction in dialysis patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Molnar Amber O. , Sood Manish M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhether to anticoagulate dialysis patients with atrial fibrillation is a common clinical dilemma with limited high‐quality data to inform decision‐making. While the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation for stroke prevention in dialysis patients with atrial fibrillation has long been debated and remains unclear, the more upstream issue of stroke risk assessment from atrial fibrillation has received relatively little attention. In the general population, a handful of risk scores to help predict stroke and hemorrhage risk in the setting of atrial fibrillation are widely validated and applied in clinical practice. But are they applicable to the dialysis population? The most commonly used stroke risk scores, CHADS2 and CHA2DS2‐VASC, have limited validation in the dialysis population, and when validated, have shown poor performance (c‐statistics <0.70). Stroke risk scores derived in the general atrial fibrillation population may perform poorly in dialysis patients for a number of reasons. Dialysis patients have unique stroke risk factors, such as chronic inflammation and vascular calcification, and a much higher competing risk of death, none of which are accounted for in current risk scores. Further complicating the dilemma of anticoagulation is hemorrhage risk, which is known to be exceedingly high in dialysis patients. Currently available hemorrhage risk scores, such as HAS‐BLED, have not been validated in dialysis patients and will likely underestimate hemorrhage risk. Moving forward, risk tools specific to the dialysis population are needed to accurately assess and balance stroke and hemorrhage risks in dialysis patients with atrial fibrillation.