bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aromatic Fused [30] Heteroannulenes with NIR Absorption and NIR Emission: Synthesis, Characterization, and Excited‐State Dynamics
Authors: Mallick Abhijit , Oh Juwon , Kim Dongho , Rath Harapriya 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTwo hitherto unknown planar aromatic [30] fused heterocyclic macrocycles (1.1.0.1.1.0), with NIR absorption in free‐base form and protonation‐induced enhanced NIR emission, have been synthesized from easy to make precursors. The induced correspondence of fusion on the macrocyclic structure, electronic absorption, and emission spectra have been highlighted.
Die Notbremse
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWenn ein bestimmtes Gen in mehr als der Hälfte aller untersuchten Krebsgeschwüre in mutierter Version auftaucht, dann muss es sich doch um ein böses Onkogen handeln, das diese Erkrankungen mit verursacht hat – oder etwa nicht? Nach der Entdeckung des p53‐Gens im Jahre 1979 glaubte die Wissenschaft rund zehn Jahre lang an die Schuld dieses Gens. Erst 1989 stellte sich heraus, dass die Sachlage in Wahrheit genau andersherum ist: p53 ist ein so wirkungsvoller Schutz gegen Krebs, dass die meisten Arten von Tumoren erst dann gedeihen können, wenn sie diesen Wächter unschädlich gemacht haben.
A Shock Wave Experimental Study on Damaping Olivine and Estimation of its Parameters for Equation of State
Authors: Zu‐An CHEN , Xian‐Hao YUAN , Xiao‐Ge HUANG , Fu‐Sheng LIU , Xiati DILI , Wu‐Ming BAI 
Published: April 2016

AbstractExperiments of dynamic high pressure using shock wave are very effective to study physical properties of material under super‐pressure. A shock wave experimental study on Damaping olivine with pressure from 10 to 45 GPa is reported in this paper. Combining previous works about isothermal equation of state for olivine, the temperature in experimental process is determined. The temperatures range from dozens of degrees to 800 °C when the pressures of our experiments are between 10 and 30 GPa. The density variation with pressure is obtained from our experiments and ranges from 3.627 to 4.009 g·cm−3. According to recover experiment of the sample and estimated temperatures under experimental pressures, it is derived that the phase transition during our experimental process under pressures of 30GP did not occur. Meanwhile, the parameters for equation of state are determined. Finally, the geodynamic implication of the experimental results to interior material movement in mantle is discussed, i.e. cold slab with metastable olivine is easily to sink into the mantle's transitional zone.
A Study on Earthquake Triggering: Solution to the Paradox of Coulomb Stress Increase with Frictional Coefficients
Authors: Shou‐Biao ZHU , Miao MIAO 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCoulomb stress change calculation has been playing an important part in investigating fault interactions and earthquake triggering. However, the results of most workers showed that Coulomb stress changes (or earthquake triggering effect) would become larger and larger with the increase of apparent frictional coefficients. This phenomenon is clearly in contradiction with our common knowledge in which frictional stress always resists fault slips and inhibits earthquakes under any circumstances. By analyzing the formula for calculating Coulomb stress changes (ΔCFS), we found that previous researchers did not take into account the additional ΔCFS which are only resulted from the variations of frictional coefficients. Suppose the depth of typical receiver fault is 15 km, the value of combined ΔCFS will be as large as ∼39.2 MPa when the variation of apparent friction coefficient is 0.1 (e.g., from 0.3 to 0.4), whereas traditional ΔCFS is only 0.8 MPa. If we incorporated the additional ΔCFS in calculation, the above contradiction will disappear completely. Therefore, it is suggested that we should consider changes of combined ΔCFS due to the variation of friction coefficient, especially when we compare different Coulomb stress models with different apparent frictional coefficients.
Research on the Application of Borehole Seismometer Azimuth Detection Technology
Authors: Shao‐Rui LI , Guo‐Liang MAO , Dang‐Xi WANG , Zhi‐Guo LUO 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA waveform correlation based method is developed to estimate component azimuths of borehole seismometers. The robustness and measurement precision is also examined. The method is first calibrated with surface sensors with known sensor orientation. Different types of sensors placed at various distance from to target station are used to evaluate the robustness of the method and precision in the measured azimuth. The method is then applied to 6 borehole stations located in Sichuan, Ningxia, He'nan and Shaanxi provinces that are equipped with very broadband, broadband and short‐period borehole sensors. Multiple surface stations with broadband and short‐period seismometers are installed as reference stations to estimate the component azimuths of the 6 borehole sensors. Based on the noise peaks in the period range of 1 to 10 s of the global noise model, we applied a bandpass filter with a pass band 0.2∼0.3 Hz to the recorded noise data. We further applied a convolution technique to simulate short‐period record from broadband data when processing a broadband/short‐period sensor pair. Our analyses indicate that the measured component azimuths with different reference stations agree very well with each other. Based on the calibration results with surface station pairs, we expect the precision in the measured borehole azimuth is less than 4°.
Re‐Exploration into Migration of Seismic Data
Authors: Sheng‐Chang CHEN , Hua‐Ming ZHOU 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe formula of migration of seismic data is re‐derived by using the forward propagation equations of seismic waves, in which the migration of seismic data is viewed as an approximate solution to the linear waveform inverse problem, a scattering migration method suitable for scattering seismic data and a reflection migration method suitable for reflection seismic data are proposed. Based on the scattering theory of seismic wave propagation, firstly we study and establish the migration theory for scattering seismic data through the linear equation describing the forward propagation of primary scattering wave. A subsurface reflectivity function is derived by applying the high frequency approximation to the spatial variation of velocity perturbation function generating the scattering field, and a forward propagation equation of reflection wave using the reflectivity function is derived from the propagation equation of scattering wave, then we study and establish the migration theory for reflection seismic data through the linear equation describing the forward propagation of primary reflection wave. We pointed out and corrected the shortcomings in Claerbout's migration method. The migration method of seismic data introduced in this paper is an improvement to current migration technique and theory, and establishes a solid theoretical base of mathematical physics for the migration of reflection seismic data. The migration results from the new methods have correct phase, accurate position and improved resolution.
Depth Estimation of Potential Field by Minimum Inversion Fitting Error
Authors: Ru‐Kuan XIE , Ping WANG , Hao‐Jun LIU 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEstimation of source depth plays an important role in quantitative interpretation of magnetic or gravity data. Various methods have been developed to conduct this estimation, especially for magnetic source depth. They include slope, Naudy, Werner deconvolution, Euler deconvolution, analytical signal, source parameter imaging (SPI), the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and tilt‐depth approaches.We present a new method to estimate the depth of a field source, which is based on equivalent source technology and potential field inversion. A single layer of 2.5D cuboids model is established as an equivalent source with initial physical property parameters. The single equivalent source layer moves from shallow to deep at certain interval and is used as the initial model to invert the data. Then we estimate the field source depth by inversion fitting error. From shallow to deep, the inversion fitting error usually becomes smaller. The minimum inversion fitting error matches the corresponding field source depth. Because only one equivalent source layer is necessary to invert, the inversion is faster than traditional inversion methods and does not require depth weighting.Calculation of theoretical model data shows that this method can obtain accurate depth of the field source. The data processing of a thin plate with an aspect ratio of 7.5 shows that the depth calculation error is about one measured point (25 m). The data processing of a thick plate with an aspect ratio from 0.5 to 1.5 shows that the depth calculation error is less than one measured point (25 m). Processing of measured aeromagnetic gradient data indicates that the central depth of the magnetic source is between 200 m to 250 m. Drilling data show that such anomalies are caused by the diorite at depth from 200 m to 300 m, in agreement well with estimation. These tests demonstrate that the depth estimation method suggested in this paper is applicable to both isolated anomalies and combined anomalies.
Antihyperglycemia and Antihyperlipidemia Effect of Protoberberine Alkaloids From Rhizoma Coptidis in HepG2 Cell and Diabetic KK‐Ay Mice
Authors: Ma Hang , Hu Yinran , Zou Zongyao , Feng Min , Ye Xiaoli , Li Xuegang 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Preclinical Research

Rhizoma Coptidis (RC), the root of Coptis chinensis Franch, a species in the genus Coptis (family Ranunculaceae), has been commonly prescribed for the treatment of diabetes in Chinese traditional herbal medicine applications. The present study is focused on the assessment of the antihyperglycemia and antidiabetic hyperlipidemia effect of five protoberberine alkaloids, berberine (BBR), coptisine (COP), palmatine (PAL), epiberberine (EPI), and jatrorrhizine (JAT), separated from R. Coptidis in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and diabetic KK‐Ay mice. Protoberberine alkaloids are effective in modulating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. After adding BBR and COP to culture medium, glucose consumption of HepG2 cells was increased. In KK‐Ay mice assays, suppressed fasting blood glucose level and ameliorated glucose tolerance were observed after BBR/COP administration. After treated with berberine and coptisine, in the same dose of 5 µg/mL, the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells were promoted and, respectively, reached 96.1% and 17.6%. Body weight, food consumption, water intake, and urinary output of KK‐Ay mice were reduced after treated with EPI. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride of mice were decreased after treated with palmatine and jatrorrhizine. Serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol of mice was increased after palmatine, jatrorrhizine, and berberine administrated. Moreover, hepatomegaly was attenuated in JTR‐treated mice. Suggested that these protoberberine alkaloids from R. Coptidis have potential curative effect for diabetes. Drug Dev Res 77 : 163–170, 2016.   © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Looking beneath the surface: using hydrogeology and traits to explain flow variability effects on stream macroinvertebrates
Authors: Kath Jarrod , Harrison Evan , Kefford Ben J. , Moore Leah , Wood Paul J. , Schäfer Ralf B. , Dyer Fiona 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFlow variability drives important instream ecohydrological processes. Nonetheless, generalizations about ecological responses to flow variability are elusive and complicated by interacting factors. Hydrogeological controls on groundwater inputs into streams are often an overlooked factor that may interact with flow variability and influence instream ecology. Flow effects on ecology are also complicated by flora and fauna trait diversity, which makes some organisms more sensitive to flow variability than others. To improve understanding regarding the effects of flow variability on instream communities, we utilized a long‐term 17‐year data set of macroinvertebrate communities from eight sites on the Upper Murrumbidgee River catchment, south eastern Australia. Hydrogeological mapping provided a proxy of groundwater influence on instream ecology. Generalized linear mixed models were used to test hydrogeology (i.e. groundwater influence) and flow variability effects on selected taxa and trait groups. Trait groups tested were those with drought‐resistant life stages, no drought‐resistant life stages and those with poor dispersal traits. Non‐drought resistant and poor dispersing taxa responded to hydrogeology and stream flow variables, while taxa with drought‐resistant traits did not. Poor dispersing taxa displayed the strongest positive response to interactions between high mean flow and hydrogeological conditions that facilitate groundwater inputs. While the importance of flow variability is widely recognized, the combined role of hydrogeology and trait groups on macroinvertebrate responses has not been widely considered thus far. This study demonstrates that the consideration of hydrogeology and faunal traits can help improve the understanding of macroinvertebrate population and community responses to flow regime variability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removal of di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and mineral oil from crude hazelnut skin oil using molecular distillation–multiobjective optimization for DEHP and tocopherol
Authors: Gelmez Beyza , Ketenoglu Onur , Yavuz Huseyin , Tekin Aziz 
Published: April 2016

Different distillation conditions of DEHP were investigated to decrease concentration in hazelnut skin oil. In a short‐path distillation column, different absolute pressures (1–3 mbar) and evaporator temperatures (200–230°C) were used. When distilled at 230°C under 1 mbar of absolute pressure, a reduction of 98.95% of initial DEHP concentration was achieved. At this condition, DEHP concentration was found 0.32 mg/kg. Tocopherols were also removed by molecular distillation inevitably. At 220°C temperature and 3 mbar absolute pressure, total tocopherols were reduced from initial concentration of 780.63–419.24 mg/kg. Since tocopherols were desired to remain in hazelnut skin oil, a multiobjective optimization process was performed. When upper DEHP boundary was set to 1.5 mg/kg, 15 different alternative paths were reached while maximizing total tocopherol amount within pressure‐temperature boundaries. After each molecular distillation, mineral oil content was reduced nearly by sixfold from an initial concentration of 64 mg/kg. Even when distillation temperature was set to 200°C, mineral oil content was drastically reduced to approximately 10 mg/kg level.Practical applications: DEHP is a common contaminant in oil materials packed with plastic packages. Removal of DEHP is of great importance due to negative health impacts. Since tocopherol loss should be kept minimum while processing oil for removal of DEHP, process conditions should be carefully selected. This study reveals optimum molecular distillation conditions for this purpose. These conditions could be evaluated in industrial plants for producing best quality products with maximum tocopherol content as possible.Removal of DEHP and MOSH from crude hazelnut skin oil by molecular distillation.
Novel anti‐adipogenic properties of the individual trans8,cis10 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Martins Susana V. , Pires Virgínia M. R. , Madeira Ana P. , Nascimento Mafalda , Alfaia Cristina M. , Castro Matilde F. , Soveral Graça , Prates José A.M. , Lopes Paula A. 
Published: April 2016

In this study, we hypothesized that trans(t)8,cis(c)10 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer possesses anti‐adipogenic properties in resemblance to its structural analog, the t10,c12 CLA isomer. After chemical synthesis and purification of the t8,c10 CLA isomer in our laboratory, we report, for the first time, its individual action on the lipid metabolism of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Cells were supplemented with 50 μM of linoleic acid (LA), t10,c12, or t8,c10 during 11 days of differentiation. Intracellular triacylglycerols (TAG) content was affected by fatty acid treatments. The t8,c10 CLA isomer reduced TAG content but in a lower magnitude, three times less, than the t10,c12 isomer. The supplementation with LA increased TAG storage thus reversing CLA isomers effect. The fatty acid profile of treated adipocytes showed that the t8,c10 CLA isomer incorporation was identical to the t10,c12. The mRNA expression of several genes involved in lipogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid β‐oxidation, and adipocytes differentiation underlying anti‐adipogenic action was determined. The t10,c12 CLA isomer decreased gene expression levels related to lipogenesis but did not up‐regulate HSL and PPARA associated with lipolysis and fatty acid β‐oxidation, respectively. The t8,c10 CLA isomer increased SCD mRNA level without affecting delta 9 desaturase index‐16, an indicator of SCD enzyme activity. Taken together, our results indicate that the t8,c10 CLA isomer, tested individually on lipid metabolism of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, is anti‐adipogenic.Practical applications: New and more effective weight loss supplements are widely pursued facing the worldwide obesity epidemic. Over the last few decades, the anti‐adipogenic properties of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have been studied and confirmed for the t10,c12 CLA isomer but, until now, there was no information on its structural analog, the t8,c10. This study provides novel insights on the putative anti‐adipogenic ability of the t8,c10 CLA isomer exploiting potential molecular mechanisms of action in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.The present study reports, for the first time, the anti‐adipogenic properties of the individual t8,c10 CLA isomer in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, obtained through chemical synthesis and purification in our laboratory. mRNA expression levels of several genes involved in potential molecular mechanisms of anti‐adipogenic action, as lipogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid β‐oxidation and differentiation, were evaluated.
Formal Total Synthesis of Brevisamide by Using a Tandem Isomerization/C–O and C–C Bond Formation Reaction
Authors: Banoth Shivalal , Maity Saurabh , Kumar Sudheer R. , Yadav J. S. , Mohapatra Debendra K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA highly stereoselective formal total synthesis of brevisamide is described that proceeds through a convergent pathway and utilizes our own tandem isomerization/C–O and C–C bond formation reaction as the key step to construct the trans‐2,6‐disubstituted dihydropyran ring system. Other significant reactions in this synthesis include an iodolactonization, a Crimmins‐modified “non‐Evans” syn aldol reaction, and a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination.
Prognostic value of midtreatment FDG‐PET in oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Pollom Erqi L. , Song Jie , Durkee Benjamin Y. , Aggarwal Sonya , Bui Timothy , von Eyben Rie , Li Ruijiang , Brizel David M. , Loo Billy W. , Le Quynh‐Thu , Hara Wendy Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrognostic metabolic imaging indices are needed for risk stratification for patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively examined pretreatment and midtreatment fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) parameters in patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer who were treated with definitive chemoradiation.ResultsA total of 74 patients were evaluated. Pretreatment metabolic tumor volume (MTV) using threshold of 50% standardized uptake value (SUV) maximum (MTV50%) was associated with progression‐free survival (PFS; p = .003; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.57 per 10 cc; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17–2.11) and overall survival (OS; p = .01; HR = 1.36 per 10 cc; 95% CI = 1.07–1.74). Midtreatment MTV using a threshold of SUV 2.0 (MTV2.0) was associated with PFS (p < .001; HR = 1.24 per 10 cc; 95% CI = 1.10–1.39) and OS (p = .009; HR = 1.21 per 10 cc; 95% CI = 1.05–1.39). Nodal total lesion glycolysis (TLG) velocity >5% decrease/week was associated with improved PFS (p = .04; HR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.15–0.95).ConclusionMetabolic response during chemoradiation is associated with survival in locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer and may aid with risk‐adapting treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: First–1478, 2016
Mixing of event and pre‐event water in a shallow Entisol in sloping farmland based on isotopic and hydrometric measurements, SW China
Authors: Zhao Pei , Tang Xiangyu , Zhao Peng , Zhang Wei , Tang Jialiang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWater percolation and flow processes in subsurface geologic media play an important role in determining the water source for plants and the transport of contaminants or nutrients, which is essential for water resource management and the development of measures for pollution mitigation. During June 2013, the dynamics of the rainwater, soil water, subsurface flows and groundwater in a shallow Entisol on sloping farmland were monitored using a hydrometric and isotopic approach. The results showed that effective mixing of rainwater and soil water occurred in hours. The rebound phenomenon of δD profiles in soils showed that most isotope‐depleted rainwater largely bypassed the soil matrix when the water saturation in the soil was high. Preferential‐flow, which was the dominant water movement pattern in the vadose zone, occurred through the whole soil profile, and infrequent piston‐flow was mainly found at 20–40 cm in depth. The interflow in the soil layer, composed of 75.2% rainwater, was only generated when the soil profile had been saturated. Underflow in the fractured mudrock was the dominant flow type in this hillslope, and outflow was dominated by base flow (groundwater flow) with a mean contribution of 76.7%. The generation mechanism of underflow was groundwater ridging, which was superimposed upon preferential‐flow composed mainly of rainwater. The quick mixing process of rainwater and soil water and the rapid movement of the mixture through preferential channels in the study soil, which shows a typical bimodal pore size distribution, can explain the prompt release of pre‐event water in subsurface flow. Water sources of subsurface flows at peak discharge could be affected by the antecedent soil water content, rain characteristics and antecedent groundwater levels. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Locally 3‐Transitive Graphs of Girth 4
Authors: Perles Micha A. , Martini Horst , Kupitz Yaakov S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA natural topic of algebraic graph theory is the study of vertex transitive graphs. In the present article, we investigate locally 3‐transitive graphs of girth 4. Taking our former results on locally symmetric graphs of girth 4 as a starting point, we show what properties are retained if we weaken the requirement of local symmetry to local 3‐transitivity.