bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning by supporting others—experienced parents’ development process when supporting other parents with a child with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Boman Åse 
Published: December 2017

Aims and objectivesTo describe and analyse coach‐parents’ development process when supporting parents of children recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).BackgroundIt has been found repeatedly that providing social support for families with a child diagnosed with T1DM promotes health and well‐being for both the child and the parents. Less explored are the processes experienced by those who provide this support. However, research has found that acting as a provider of social support promotes personal development, strengthens communication skills and increases self‐confidence.MethodsThe study design was based on Constructivist Grounded Theory, and data were collected, through repeated focus‐group discussions, from eight coach‐parents at a Swedish hospital from 2012–2015.ResultsThe core category in the data was identified as a learning process where coach‐parents emphasised their own learning in the dyad supporter—supported, and in the interaction with other parents in the repeated focus‐group discussions. The coach‐parents’ motivation for participation was a wish to learn more and to help other parents in a life‐changing situation. They also pointed out hindrances and their frustration when unable to provide support.ConclusionsThis study leads to the conclusion that people who provide support benefit from doing so. Encountering people with similar experiences in a supportive situation promotes a reciprocal learning process, based on the supporter's wish to help people in a situation they recognise. A further conclusion is that social support is not only essential initially, but is also important over a longer period and that it follows various life stages.Relevance to clinical practiceSetting up repeated focus‐group discussions might be a relevant and effective tool for paediatric diabetes nurses to use in promoting health and well‐being for both families with a newly diagnosed child and experienced families.
Urine sodium concentrations are predictive of hypoadrenocorticism in hyponatraemic dogs: a retrospective pilot study
Authors: Lennon E. M. , Hummel J. B. , Vaden S. L. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo determine if a urine sodium concentration could be used to rule out hypoadrenocorticism in hyponatraemic dogs.Materials and MethodsMedical records were reviewed for hyponatraemic dogs (serum sodium<135 mmol/L) that had recorded urine sodium concentrations. Twenty hyponatraemic dogs were included: 11 diagnosed with classical hypoadrenocorticism and nine with non‐adrenal causes of hyponatraemia. A Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to compare results between groups.ResultsNo dog with hypoadrenocorticism had a urine sodium concentration less than 30 mmol/L. Urine sodium concentration in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism was significantly higher (median 103 mmol/L, range: 41 to 225) than in dogs with non‐adrenal illness (median 10 mmol/L, range: 2 to 86) (P<0·0005). Serum sodium concentrations were not significantly different between dogs with hypoadrenocorticism and dogs with non‐adrenal illness.Clinical SignificanceThese results suggest that urine sodium concentrations can be used to prioritise a differential diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in hyponatraemic dogs. A urine sodium concentration less than 30 mmol/L in a hyponatraemic dog makes classical hypoadrenocorticism an unlikely cause of the hyponatraemia. Nevertheless, because of the small sample size our results should be interpreted with caution and a larger follow‐up study would be valuable.
The effect of daytime napping and full‐night sleep on the consolidation of declarative and procedural information
Authors: van Schalkwijk Frank J. , Sauter Cornelia , Hoedlmoser Kerstin , Heib Dominik P. J. , Klösch Gerhard , Moser Doris , Gruber Georg , Anderer Peter , Zeitlhofer Josef , Schabus Manuel 
Published: December 2017

SummaryMany studies investigating sleep and memory consolidation have evaluated full‐night sleep rather than alternative sleep periods such as daytime naps. This multi‐centre study followed up on, and was compared with, an earlier full‐night study (Schabus et al., 2004) investigating the relevance of daytime naps for the consolidation of declarative and procedural memory. Seventy‐six participants were randomly assigned to a nap or wake group, and performed a declarative word‐pair association or procedural mirror‐tracing task. Performance changes from before to after a 90‐min retention interval filled with sleep or quiet wakefulness were evaluated between groups. Associations between performance changes, sleep architecture, spindles, and slow oscillations were investigated. For the declarative task we observed a trend towards stronger forgetting across a wake period compared with a nap period, and a trend towards memory increase over the full‐night. For the procedural task, accuracy was significantly decreased following daytime wakefulness, showed a trend to increase with a daytime nap, and significantly increased across full‐night sleep. For the nap protocol, neither sleep stages, spindles, nor slow oscillations predicted performance changes. A direct comparison of day and nighttime sleep revealed that daytime naps are characterized by significantly lower spindle density, but higher spindle activity and amplitude compared with full‐night sleep. In summary, data indicate that daytime naps protect procedural memories from deterioration, whereas full‐night sleep improves performance. Given behavioural and physiological differences between day and nighttime sleep, future studies should try to characterize potential differential effects of full‐night and daytime sleep with regard to sleep‐dependent memory consolidation.
Flower wars
Authors: Pauw Anton 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe role of competition in structuring plant communities has recently entered a new phase by considering interactions with pollinators. In this issue of Journal of Vegetation Science, Fantinato et al. show that co‐occurring grassland plants tend to use different pollinators or diverge in anther morphology. The study opens the door for investigation of the ecological and evolutionary processes that generate this pattern.
Experimental Evaluation of the Halophyte, Salicornia virginica, for Biomitigation of Dissolved Nutrients in Effluent from a Recirculating Aquaculture System for Marine Finfish
Authors: Watanabe Wade O. , Farnell Robert D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe ability of the halophyte, Salicornia virginica, planted in drainage lysimeters to biomitigate dissolved nutrients in effluent from a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for marine finfish was evaluated. Seawater effluent from a RAS producing black sea bass, Centropristis striata (filtered to reduce total suspended solids), was used as irrigant. Plant growth and dissolved N and P removal were determined as a function of leachate fraction (LF%) – that is, proportion of irrigant that leaches from the plant‐substrate lysimeter. Lysimeters were irrigated weekly to produce 30, 40, and 50% LF. A control (unplanted) lysimeter was included at the 30% LF. Plant growth was excellent in all LF% treatments until Day 141 when salt buildup in the lysimeter substrate inhibited nutrient uptake. Salt accumulation was mitigated at higher LF%, so that plant biomass and net removal (μg) of dissolved N and P by the p‐s lysimeter remained higher (P < 0.05) at the 40 and 50% than at the 30% LF. On Day 141, percent removal efficiency at the 50% LF was 79.2% for inorganic N and 73.9% for total phosphorus. Through Day 355, substrate salinity was minimized and plant biomass and nutrient removal were maximized at the 50% LF. S. virginica is an effective biofilter for dissolved nutrients in effluent from an RAS for marine finfish.
Effectiveness of a risk–need–responsivity‐based treatment program for violent and sexual offenders: Results of a retrospective, quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Seewald Katharina , Rossegger Astrid , Gerth Juliane , Urbaniok Frank , Phillips Gary , Endrass Jérôme 
Published: December 2017

PurposeRelapse prevention is an important goal in correctional settings. Although there is strong evidence for the effectiveness of certain treatment programs for juvenile offenders, those for adults lack such evidence. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a risk–need–responsivity (RNR)‐based intervention.MethodsA quasi‐experimental, observational study design and cox regression analysis were used to compare treated violent and sexual offenders (n = 171) with untreated offenders (n = 241).ResultsBoth groups were observed for an average of 7.9 years. Recidivism rates of treated offenders (11.7%, n = 20) were similar to those of control offenders (15.8%, n = 38; p = .25). When controlling for confounding variables, the hazard of recidivism in the treatment group was 5.2% lower than that in the control group. Subdividing the treatment group resulted in lower hazard ratios for offenders still in therapy when released and offenders cancelling therapy. However, none of the group differences was statistically significant.ConclusionOur results show that control and RNR‐based treatment groups had comparable recidivism rates with a trend towards a positive treatment effect, especially for people in outpatient treatment. However, criminal history, age at the start of follow‐up, and actuarial risk of recidivism were significantly associated with recidivism. Future research needs to apply elaborate methodological approaches to detect robust treatment effects and consider different criteria of treatment effectiveness. Furthermore, the influence of prison climate, motivational factors, intervention quality, and factors supporting the success of outpatient treatment should be considered in future studies of larger offender samples.
The unusual reproductive system of head and body lice (Pediculus humanus)
Authors: DE LA FILIA A. G. , ANDREWES S. , CLARK J. M. , ROSS L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInsect reproduction is extremely variable, but the implications of alternative genetic systems are often overlooked in studies on the evolution of insecticide resistance. Both ecotypes of Pediculus humanus (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae), the human head and body lice, are human ectoparasites, the control of which is challenged by the recent spread of resistance alleles. The present study conclusively establishes for the first time that both head and body lice reproduce through paternal genome elimination (PGE), an unusual genetic system in which males transmit only their maternally derived chromosomes. Here, we investigate inheritance patterns of parental genomes using a genotyping approach across families of both ecotypes and show that heterozygous males exclusively or preferentially pass on one allele only, whereas females transmit both in a Mendelian fashion. We do however observe occasional transmission of paternal chromosomes through males, representing the first known case of PGE in which whole‐genome meiotic drive is incomplete. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of this finding for the evolution of resistance and invite the development of new theoretical models of how this knowledge might contribute to increasing the success of pediculicide‐based management schemes.
Cryptococcosis with AIDS: therapeutic strategies
Authors: Ruf B. 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Cryptococcose ist die hauflgste lebensbedrohliche Pilzerkrankung bei AIDS. Die Kombinationstherapie von Amphotericin B/Flucytosin ist trotz Einführung von Fluconazol in die Akuttherapie der Cryptococcose auch weiterhin die Therapie der ersten Wahl. Bei einer Therapiedauer von sechs Wochen ist die Kombinationstherapie nahezu immer erfolgreich; eine kürzere Behandlungszeit führt zu schlechteren Behandlungserfolgen. Da es bei AIDS‐Patienten nicht zu einer Erregereliminierung kommt, ist eine Rezidivprophylaxe notwendig. In der Rezidivprophylaxe ist Fluconazol hochwirksam und derzeit das Mittel der ersten Wahl. Es ist gleichwirksam wie Amphotericin B und bietet zusätzlich den Vorteil einer oralen Applikationsmöglichkeit.
Natural Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Some Cereals
Authors: Pande Neeta , Saxena J. , Pandey H. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThirty samples each of wheat and rice and 22 of maize were screened qualitatively and quantitatively for the presence of mycotoxins out of which 13, 15 and 7 samples respectively were found to be contaminated with different mycotoxins. Aflatoxin was present in 37.4 % samples and besides aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin, citrinin, rubratoxin and zearalenone were also present in the cereals. The quantity of aflatoxin was highest in rice samples in comparison to wheat and maize. During the preliminary bioassay no external changes were observed in the mice except for slight weight loss when fed with grain samples, while a high rate of mortality was observed when treated with lethal doses of mycotoxins.
Antifungal action of latex saps from Lactuca sativa L. and Asclepias curassavica L
Authors: Moulin-Traffort J. , Giordani R. , Régli P. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAsclepias curassavica and Lactuca sativa latex saps inhibit the growth of Candida albicans because they degrade a great number of yeasts. This was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations. After a contact of 4 h and 6 h yeasts are deformed and emptied of their cytoplasmic content. Moreover, it appears that these saps, particularly Asclepias, also act on the cell wall: the substances presumed to be responsible for these effects were probably terpens and cardenolids but also enzymes, in particular glucanases.
Fluconazole in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidosis in HIV‐positive patients
Authors: Just-Nübling Gudrun , Gentschew Gabriele , Döhle Monika , Böttinger C. , Helm Eilke-Brigitte , Stille W. 
Published: December 2017

Summary106 HIV‐positive patients with 129 episodes of oropharyngeal Candida Infection were treated with fluconazole (50–300 mg/d). Treatment lasted from 4 to 23 days. The majority of patients were in more advanced stages of HIV infection (82 % AIDS cases). Therapy with fluconazole led to complete healing or improvement of clinical symptoms in 93 % of all treatment courses. However, according to cultural findings, an elimination or recession of pathogens was achieved in only 70 % of cases. Cultural monitoring showed a slow reduction of pathogens, as opposed to a fairly rapid clinical improvement. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated Candida species (n = 128); the most selected Candida species during treatment were C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. inconspicua. It is remarkable that C. glabrata, a low‐grade pathogen, caused enanthema in 2 patients and a typical oral thrush in 1 patient. Fluconazole was well‐tolerated, and apart from mild gastro‐intestinal symptoms in 1 patient, no severe side effects were observed.
Inflammatory biomarkers of low back pain and disc degeneration: a review
Authors: Khan Aysha N. , Jacobsen Hayley E. , Khan Jansher , Filippi Christopher G. , Levine Mitchell , Lehman Ronald A. , Riew K. Daniel , Lenke Lawrence G. , Chahine Nadeen O. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBiomarkers are biological characteristics that can be used to indicate health or disease. This paper reviews studies on biomarkers of low back pain (LBP) in human subjects. LBP is the leading cause of disability, caused by various spine‐related disorders, including intervertebral disc degeneration, disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and facet arthritis. The focus of these studies is inflammatory mediators, because inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of disc degeneration and associated pain mechanisms. Increasingly, studies suggest that the presence of inflammatory mediators can be measured systemically in the blood. These biomarkers may serve as novel tools for directing patient care. Currently, patient response to treatment is unpredictable with a significant rate of recurrence, and, while surgical treatments may provide anatomical correction and pain relief, they are invasive and costly. The review covers studies performed on populations with specific diagnoses and undefined origins of LBP. Since the natural history of LBP is progressive, the temporal nature of studies is categorized by duration of symptomology/disease. Related studies on changes in biomarkers with treatment are also reviewed. Ultimately, diagnostic biomarkers of LBP and spinal degeneration have the potential to shepherd an era of individualized spine medicine for personalized therapeutics in the treatment of LBP.
Initial experience with a novel electrophysiology mapping simulator
Authors: Seslar Stephen P. , Patton Kristen K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundDespite data supporting the use of simulation training in procedural specialties and accreditation requirements, few options exist for electrophysiology (EP) training. We aimed to develop a low‐cost, accessible simulator for training in EP mapping, and to test the simulator in a group of novice users.MethodsOur mapping simulator is composed of three components: an acrylic case representing torso and thigh; three‐dimensional (3D) printed cardiac models; and a commercially available mapping system. Using a proprietary flexible material that mimics the consistency of human heart tissue, we created an anatomically accurate model of a normal right atrium (RA) from computed tomography data. We developed a test protocol consisting of two activities: creation of a RA shell and timed navigation to specific locations within the RA shell. Seventeen participants were randomized to either practice versus no practice on the simulator, and repeated simulator and self‐assessment tests were performed after 1 week. We measured volume of the RA map and time taken and distance from the target sites for each target location.ResultsBoth groups showed improvement in generation of geometry, volume, time to target, and self‐assessed comfort level after initial exposure to the simulator. Compared with no‐practice, the practice group demonstrated an improved sense of confidence in mapping.ConclusionsFocused training in EP mapping using a novel simulator created with 3D printed heart models and a standard mapping system is feasible for use in the training environment. Exposure to the simulator is associated with improved mapping skills and trainee comfort level.
Overcoming the species hybridization barrier by ploidy manipulation in the genus Oryza
Authors: Tonosaki Kaoru , Sekine Daisuke , Ohnishi Takayuki , Ono Akemi , Furuumi Hiroyasu , Kurata Nori , Kinoshita Tetsu 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn most eudicot and monocot species, interspecific and interploidy crosses generally display abnormalities in the endosperm that are the major cause of a post‐zygotic hybridization barrier. In some eudicot species, however, this type of hybridization barrier can be overcome by the manipulation of ploidy levels of one parental species, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms underlying the species hybridization barrier can be circumvented by genome dosage. We previously demonstrated that endosperm barriers in interspecific and interploidy crosses in the genus Oryza involve overlapping but different mechanisms. This result contrasts with those in the genus Arabidopsis, which shows similar outcomes in both interploidy and interspecific crosses. Therefore, we postulated that an exploration of pathways for overcoming the species hybridization barrier in Oryza endosperm, by manipulating the ploidy levels in one parental species, might provide novel insights into molecular mechanisms. We showed that fertile hybrid seeds could be produced by an interspecific cross of female tetraploid Oryza sativa and male diploid Oryza longistaminata. Although the rate of nuclear divisions did not return to normal levels in the hybrid endosperm, the timing of cellularization, nucellus degeneration and the accumulation of storage products were close to normal levels. In addition, the expression patterns of the imprinted gene MADS87 and YUCCA11 were changed when the species barrier was overcome. These results suggest that the regulatory machinery for developmental transitions and imprinted gene expression are likely to play a central role in overcoming species hybridization barriers by genome dosage in the genus Oryza.
How do countries respond to anti‐dumping filings? Dispute settlement and retaliatory anti‐dumping
Authors: Feinberg Robert M. , Reynolds Kara M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEmpirical studies have found that countries may respond strategically to the anti‐dumping petition filed against their exporters through their own retaliatory actions. Although most previous studies have focused on retaliatory anti‐dumping filings, in this paper we explore another potential avenue for strategic response—filing a complaint under the World Trade Organization's (WTO) dispute settlement understanding. Using a panel of global anti‐dumping filings between 1995 and 2011, we analyse under what conditions countries will choose to retaliate through either an anti‐dumping petition or a WTO dispute, and to what degree these two strategies are complementary or act as substitutes. We find statistical evidence that countries are more likely to file a WTO dispute when they have also filed a retaliatory anti‐dumping petition, suggesting that these two strategies may be complementary.
Development of Welding P92 Pipes Using the Reduced Pressure Electron Beam Welding Process for a Study of Creep Performance
Authors: Bagshaw Nick , Punshon Chris , Rothwell John 
Published: December 2017

Boiler and steam piping components in power plants are fabricated using creep strength enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steels, which often operate at temperatures above 550°C. Modification of alloy content within these steels has produced better creep performance and higher operating temperatures, which increases the process efficiency of power plants. The improved materials, however, are susceptible to type IV cracking at the welded regions. A better understanding of type IV cracking in these materials is required and is the basis of the Technology Strategy Board (TSB) UK funded VALID (Verified Approaches to Life Management & Improved Design of High Temperature Steels for Advanced Steam Plants) project. In order to study the relationship between creep performance and heat input during welding, several welds with varying amounts of heat input and resultant HAZ widths were produced using the electron beam welding process. The welding parameters were developed with the aid of weld process modeling using the finite element (FE) method, in which the welding parameters were optimized to produce low, medium and high heat input welds. In this paper, the modeling approach and the development of electron beam welds in ASTM A387 grade P92 pipe material are presented. Creep specimens were extracted from the welded pipes and testing is ongoing.
The authors acknowledge the VALID project partners, contributors and funding body: Air Liquide, Metrode, Polysoude, E.ON New Build & Technology Ltd, UKE.ON, Doosan, Centrica Energy, SSE, Tenaris, TU Chemnitz, The University of Nottingham, The Open University and UK TSB.
Paper published with permission.
Influence of Shot Peening on the Steam Oxidation Behavior of HR3C and TEMPALOY A-3 Tubes at 750°C
Authors: Tang Liying , Zhou Rongcan , Guo Yan , Wang Bohan , Hou Shufang 
Published: December 2017

The effect of shot peening on the steam oxidation behavior of HR3C and TEMPALOY A-3 tubing was investigated at 750 °C for up to 600 hrs. The results indicated that shot peening can significantly improve the steam oxidation resistance of the 22∼25%Cr austenitic stainless steels. The scales formed on shot-peened tubes were essentially composed of Cr2O3 and MnCr2O4. However the scales formed on the as-received tubes had a two-layer structure, consisting of an outer layer of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 and an inner layer of Fe3O4 and (Fe,Cr)3O4.
Paper published with permission.