bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaps in Adolescent Engagement in Antenatal Care and Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Services in Kenya
Authors: Ronen Keshet , McGrath Christine J. , Langat Agnes C. , Kinuthia John , Omolo Danvers , Singa Benson , Katana Abraham K. , Ng'Ang'A Lucy W. , John-Stewart Grace 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Rates of pregnancy and HIV infection are high among adolescents. However, their engagement in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services is poorly characterized. We compared engagement in the PMTCT cascade between adult and adolescent mothers in Kenya.

Methods:
We conducted a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of mother–infant pairs attending 120 maternal child health clinics selected by probability proportionate to size sampling, with a secondary survey oversampling HIV-positive mothers in 30 clinics. Antenatal care (ANC) attendance, HIV testing, and antiretroviral (ARV) use were compared between adolescent (age ≤19 years) and adult mothers using χ2 tests and logistic regression.

Results:
Among 2521 mothers, 278 (12.8%) were adolescents. Adolescents were less likely than adults to be employed (16.5% vs. 37.9%), married (66.1% vs. 88.3%), have intended pregnancy (40.5% vs. 58.6%), or have disclosed their HIV status (77.5% vs. 90.7%) (P < 0.01 for all). Adolescents were less likely than adults to attend ≥4 ANC visits (35.2% vs. 45.6%, P = 0.002). This effect remained significant when adjusting for employment, household crowding, pregnancy intention, gravidity, and HIV status [adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.54 (0.37 to 0.97), P = 0.001]. Among 2359 women without previous HIV testing, 96.1% received testing during pregnancy; testing levels did not differ between adolescents and adults. Among 288 HIV-positive women not on antiretroviral therapy before pregnancy, adolescents were less likely than adults to be on ARVs (65.0% vs. 85.8%, P = 0.01) or to have infants on ARVs (85.7% vs. 97.7%, P = 0.005).

Conclusions:
Adolescent mothers had poorer ANC attendance and uptake of ARVs for PMTCT. Targeted interventions are needed to improve retention of this vulnerable population in the PMTCT cascade.
Serial Lung Ultrasonography to Monitor Patient With Diffuse Alveolar Hemorhage
Authors: Buda Natalia , Masiak Anna , Smoleńska Żaneta , Gałecka Katarzyna , Porzezińska Maria , Zdrojewski Zbigniew 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) leads to acute respiratory failure. This is why it requires rapid diagnosis and implementation of appropriate treatment. The standard diagnosis of a patient with DAH includes laboratory tests, diagnostic imagining (X-ray of the chest, high-resolution computed tomography), and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. We present a description of 2 patients diagnosed with systemic connective tissue disease and DAH, monitored with the help of lung ultrasound. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the use of lung ultrasound in DAH in adult patients.
Comprehensive Analysis of Two Shank3 and the Cacna1c Mouse Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kabitzke Patricia , Brunner Daniela , He Dansha , Fazio Pamela A. , Cox Kimberly , Sutphen Jane , Thiede Lucinda , Sabath Emily , Hanania Taleen , Alexandrov Vadim , Rasmusson Randall , Spooren Will , Ghosh Anirvan , Feliciano Pamela , Biemans Barbara , Benedetti Marta , Clayton Alice Luo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTo expand, analyze and extend published behavioral phenotypes relevant to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we present a study of three ASD genetic mouse models: Feng’s Shank3tm2Gfng model, hereafter Shank3/F, Jiang’s Shank3tm1Yhj model, hereafter Shank3/J, and the Cacna1c deletion model. The Shank3/F and Shank3/J models mimick gene mutations associated with Phelan-Mcdermid syndrome and the Cacna1c model recapitulates the deletion underlying Timothy syndrome. The current study utilizes both standard and novel, computer-vision based behavioral tests, the same methdology used in our previously published companion report on the Cntnap2 null and 16p11.2 deletion models. Overall, some but not all behaviors replicated published findings. Those that replicated, such as social behavior and overgrooming in Shank3 models, also tended to be milder than previous reports. The Shank3/F model, and to a much lesser extent, the Shank3/J and Cacna1c models, showed hypoactivity and a general anxiety-like behavior triggered by external stimuli which pervaded social interactions. We did not detect deficits in a cognitive procedural learning test nor did we observe perseverative behavior in these models. We did, however, find differences in exploratory patterns of Cacna1c mutant mice suggestive of a behavioral effect in a social setting. In addition, Shank3/F but not Shank3/J KO or Cacna1c HET showed differences in sensory-gating. Discrepancies in our current results from previous reports may be dependent on subtle differences in testing conditions, housing enrichment, or background strain. Both positive and negative results from this study will be useful in identifying the most robust and replicable behavioral signatures within and across mouse models of autism. Understanding these phenotypes may shed light of which features to study when screening compounds for potential therapeutic interventions.
The visual white matter: The application of diffusion MRI and fiber tractography to vision science
Authors: Rokem Ariel , Takemura Hiromasa , Bock Andrew , Scherf K. Suzanne , Behrmann Marlene , Wandell Brian , Fine Ione , Bridge Holly , Franco Pestilli 
Published: September 2016

AbstractVisual neuroscience has traditionally focused much of its attention on understanding the response properties of neurons along the visual pathways. This review focuses instead on the properties of the white matter connections between these neurons. Specifically, we provide an introduction to methods to study the human visual white matter using diffusion MRI (dMRI). This method allows us to measure the white matter connections in individual visual systems in vivo, allows us to trace long-range connections between different parts of the visual system, and to measure the biophysical properties of these connections. We explain the principles underlying dMRI measurements and the basics of modeling these data. We review a range of findings from recent studies on connections between different visual field maps, on the effects of visual impairment on the white matter, and on the properties underlying networks that process visual information that supports visual face recognition. Finally, we discuss a few promising directions for future studies. These include new methods for analysis of MRI data, open data-sets that are becoming available to study brain connectivity and white matter properties, and open-source software for the analysis of these data.
Wolbachiainfections inAedes aegyptidiffer markedly in their response to cyclical heat stress
Authors: Ross Perran A. , Wiwatanaratanabutr Itsanun , Axford Jason K. , White Vanessa L. , Endersby-Harshman Nancy M. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAedes aegyptimosquitoes infected withWolbachiabacteria are currently being released for arbovirus suppression around the world. Their potential to invade populations and persist will depend on interactions with environmental conditions, particularly as larvae are often exposed to fluctuating and extreme temperatures in the field. We rearedAe. aegyptilarvae infected with different types ofWolbachia(wMel,wAlbB andwMelPop) under diurnal cyclical temperatures. RearingwMel andwMelPop-infected larvae at 26-37°C reduced the expression of cytoplasmic incompatibility, a reproductive manipulation induced byWolbachia. We also observed a sharp reduction in the density ofWolbachiain adults. Furthermore, exposure to 26-37°C over two generations eliminated both thewMel andwMelPop infections. In contrast, thewAlbB infection was maintained at a high density, exhibited complete cytoplasmic incompatibility, and was transmitted from mother to offspring with a high fidelity under this temperature cycle. These findings have implications for the success ofWolbachiainterventions across different environments and highlight the importance of temperature control in rearing.
Using high-resolution variant frequencies to empower clinical genome interpretation
Authors: Whiffin Nicola , Minikel Eric , Walsh Roddy , O’Donnell-Luria Anne , Karczewski Konrad , Ing Alexander Y , Barton Paul JR , Funke Birgit , Cook Stuart A , MacArthur Daniel , Ware James S 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTWhole exome and genome sequencing have transformed the discovery of genetic variants that cause human Mendelian disease, but discriminating pathogenic from benign variants remains a daunting challenge. Rarity is recognised as a necessary, although not sufficient, criterion for pathogenicity, but frequency cutoffs used in Mendelian analysis are often arbitrary and overly lenient. Recent very large reference datasets, such as the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC), provide an unprecedented opportunity to obtain robust frequency estimates even for very rare variants. Here we present a statistical framework for the frequency-based filtering of candidate disease-causing variants, accounting for disease prevalence, genetic and allelic heterogeneity, inheritance mode, penetrance, and sampling variance in reference datasets. Using the example of cardiomyopathy, we show that our approach reduces by two-thirds the number of candidate variants under consideration in the average exome, and identifies 43 variants previously reported as pathogenic that can now be reclassified. We present precomputed allele frequency cutoffs for all variants in the ExAC dataset.
Learning improves conscious access at the bottom, but not the top: Reverse hierarchical effects in perceptual learning and metacognition
Authors: Chen Benjamin , Mundy Matthew , Tsuchiya Naotsugu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractExperience with visual stimuli can improve their perceptual performance, a phenomenon termed visual perceptual learning (VPL), but how does VPL shape our conscious experience of learned stimuli? VPL has been found to improve measures of metacognition, suggesting increased conscious stimulus accessibility. Such studies however, have largely failed to control objective task accuracy, which typically correlates with metacognition. Here, using a staircase method to control this confound, we investigated whether VPL improves the metacognitive accuracy of perceptual judgements. Across three consecutive days, subjects learned to discriminate faces based on either their identity or contrast. Holding objective accuracy constant, perceptual thresholds improved in both tasks, while metacognitive accuracy diverged, with face contrast VPL improving metacognition, and face identity VPL failing to. Our findings can be interpreted in a reverse hierarchy theory-like model of VPL, which counterintuitively predicts that the VPL of low- but not high-level stimulus properties should improve conscious stimulus accessibility.
Sexual dimorphism in theDrosophilametabolome increases throughout development
Authors: Ingleby FC , Morrow Edward H 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe expression of sexually dimorphic phenotypes from a shared genome between males and females is a longstanding puzzle in evolutionary biology. Increasingly, research has made use of transcriptomic technology to examine the molecular basis of sexual dimorphism through gene expression studies, but even this level of detail misses the metabolic processes that ultimately link gene expression with the whole organism phenotype. We use metabolic profiling in Drosophila melanogaster to complete this missing step, with a view to examining variation in male and female metabolic profiles, or metabolomes, throughout development. We show that the metabolome varies considerably throughout larval, pupal and adult stages. We also find significant sexual dimorphism in the metabolome, although only in pupae and adults, and the extent of dimorphism tends to increase throughout development. We compare this to transcriptomic data from the same population and find that the general pattern of increasing sex differences throughout development is mirrored in RNA expression. We discuss our results in terms of the usefulness of metabolic profiling in linking genotype and phenotype to more fully understand the basis of sexually dimorphic phenotypes.
High throughput sequencing of multiple amplicons for barcoding and integrative taxonomy
Authors: Cruaud Perrine , Rasplus Jean-Yves , Rodriguez Lillian Jennifer , Cruaud Astrid 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTUntil now, the potential of NGS has been seldom realised for the construction of barcode reference libraries. Using a two-step PCR approach and MiSeq sequencing, we tested a cost-effective method and developed a custom workflow to simultaneously sequence multiple markers (COI, CytbandEF, altogether 2kb) from hundreds of specimens. Interestingly, primers and PCR conditions used for Sanger sequencing did not require optimisation to construct MiSeq library. After completion of quality controls, 87% of the species and 76% of the specimens had valid sequences for the three markers. Nine specimens (3%) exhibited two divergent (up to 10%) sequence clusters. In 95% of the species, MiSeq and Sanger sequences obtained from the same samplings were similar. For the remaining 5%, species were paraphyletic or the sequences clustered into two divergent groups (>7%) on the final trees (Sanger + MiSeq). These problematic cases are difficult to explain but may represent coding NUMTS or heteroplasms. These results highlight the importance of performing quality control steps, working with expert taxonomists and using more than one marker for DNA-taxonomy or species diversity assessment. The power and simplicity of this method appears promising to build on existing experience, tools and resources while taking advantage of NGS.
Incentive mechanisms, loan decisions and policy rationing
Authors: Cao Ying (Jessica) , Turvey Calum , Ma Jiujie , Kong Rong , He Guangwen , Yan Jubo 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether negative incentives in the pay-for-performance mechanism would trigger loan officers to strategically reject potentially good loans. If so, what is the feasible solution to alleviate the problem.

Design/methodology/approach
A framed field experiment was conducted to test loan decision behaviors using loan officers from Rural Credit Cooperatives in Shandong, China. A 2 by 2 between-subject design was adopted to generate variation in incentives and prior information about credit risks.

Findings
Results showed that loan officers did ration credit by rejecting more loans when facing risks of personal income loss. However, providing risk information about the application pool boosted the approval rate and offset the behavioral responses by a roughly same magnitude.

Research limitations/implications
Findings in this study suggest that certain institutional settings can result in credit rationing via strategic loan misclassification. Further, information sometimes generates similar effects as those costly incentives or mechanisms that are not implementable in practice.

Originality/value
This study adopted an innovative monetized experimental design that allows researchers to examine the (otherwise unobservable) trade-offs between Type I and Type II error in loan misclassification as incentives change. In addition, an anchoring prior information treatment is used to solicit the relative power of almost costless information and costly monetary incentives, and to point out a potentially feasible solution.
The implementation of a behavioural support programme
Authors: Ingemarson Maria , Bodin Maria , Rubenson Birgitta , Guldbrandsson Karin 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how teachers received and perceived the school programme Prevention in School (PS), a positive behavioural support programme; how did the teachers perceive the programme characteristics and themselves as providers; and how did this affect programme implementation?

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative methods with semi-structured interviews with 13 teachers and thematic content analysis were used.

Findings
The teachers were heterogeneous in their views, with professional identity, programme understanding and experiencing change being important factors for the implementation. Ambiguities regarding the boundaries of the social assignment, opposition against the theoretical underpinnings and an unclear nomenclature in a core component affected the implementation negatively. Among the perceived benefits were instant rewards in the form of aha moments and increased self-awareness. The nature of the implementation barriers indicates that PS is in need of further development.

Practical implications
Compatibility with teachers’ ideologies, clarification of the social assignment and enough time to consider programme adoption are vital when implementing a programme like PS.

Originality/value
The study provides context-specific understanding of teachers’ perceptions of a behavioural support programme and of their role when trying to implement it. It is known that providers’ perceptions affect the implementation and this study contributes to the field of implementation research, with particular respect to the school setting and comprehensive programmes like PS.
Model-driven framework to support evolution of mobile applications in multi-cloud environments
Authors: Chondamrongkul Nacha 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The development of mobile applications in multiple clouds environment is a complex task because of the lack of platform standards in cloud computing and mobile computing. The source code involves various proprietary programming libraries for different platforms. However, functionalities are inevitably changed over time, as well as the platform. Therefore, a great deal of development effort is required, when changes need to be made at functional and platform level. This paper aims to propose SIMON, a framework that eases complexity of the development to support software evolution.

Design/methodology/approach
SIMON shields the developer from the complexity of mobile and cloud platforms in the development of mobile applications in multiple clouds environment. The framework uses model of application design to automate the development and support execution of mobile applications in system environment that needs integration to the number of data sources located on multiple clouds. The framework is composed of prefabricated components that support function changeability and platform adaptability.

Findings
The framework is examined with the development of a sample application. After it is evaluated with scenarios that involve changing at functional and platform levels, the result shows significant reducing of the development effort by comparing with the other approaches.

Originality/value
The framework facilitates the implementation of mobile applications in the software system that involves integration to multiple clouds, and it supports software evolution with lesser development effort.
Achieving protection against man-in-the-middle attack in HB family protocols implemented in RFID tags
Authors: Aseeri Aisha , Bamasag Omaimah 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
In the past few years, HB-like protocols have gained much attention in the field of lightweight authentication protocols due to their efficient functioning and large potential applications in low-cost radio frequency identification tags, which are on the other side spreading so fast. However, most published HB protocols are vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks such as GRS or OOV attacks. The purpose of this research is to investigate security issues pertaining to HB-like protocols with an aim of improving their security and efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a new and secure variant of HB family protocols named HB-MP* is proposed and designed, using the techniques of random rotation. The security of the proposed protocol is proven using formal proofs. Also, a prototype of the protocol is implemented to check its applicability, test the security in implementation and to compare its performance with the most related protocol.

Findings
The HB-MP* protocol is found secure against passive and active adversaries and is implementable within the tight resource constraints of today’s EPC-type RFID tags. Accordingly, the HB-MP* protocol provides higher security than previous HB-like protocols without sacrificing performance.

Originality/value
This paper proposes a new HB variant called HB-MP* that tries to be immune against the pre-mentioned attacks and at the same time keeping the simple structure. It will use only lightweight operations to randomize the rotation of the secret.
The launch strategy choices in China’s pharmaceutical market
Authors: Ching Gu Vicky , Burns James R. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to study the drug launch strategies and their effects on new drug performance in an intensely competitive emerging pharmaceutical market such as the one in China.Design/methodology/approachData on market share, sales, related firm size and annual profit were obtained for the period, 2004-2008. Profile deviation and cluster analysis approaches were applied in this study.FindingsThere is a significant effect of an optimal launch strategy on new drug performance given the respective resource availability and the market environment situations.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that multi-national corporations may prove resilient in the emerging economies through both innovative and cost-driven offerings in different therapeutic categories.Originality/valueThis research is unique in studying the drug launch strategies across both foreign firms and local firms in a competitive emerging pharmaceutical market.
A structural analysis of the enablers of u-commerce proliferation in a developing economy
Authors: Faisal Mohd. Nishat , Khan Habibullah 
Published: September 2016

PurposeU-commerce is an emerging paradigm transcending traditional e-commerce boundaries. The purpose of this paper is to highlight those issues that deserve attention in developing successful u-commerce models.Design/methodology/approachThe interpretive structural model technique is adopted to construct a hierarchical structure, and the impact matrix cross-reference multiplication applied to a classification (MIC-MAC) approach is employed to analyze the effect and dependence among these factors.FindingsThe research shows that there exists a group of enablers having a high driving power and low dependence requiring maximum attention and of strategic importance, while another group consists of those variables that have high dependence and are the resultant actions.Practical implicationsOrganizations that plans to develop a u-commerce model would be benefited from this study. They can understand the difference between the independent and dependent variables and their mutual relationships. This would help them to prioritize their budget and implement suitable strategies to cater to key variables so as to exploit the benefits of u-commerce.Social implicationsMost of the GCC countries have very similar business environment. This research can easily be adapted to other GCC nations thereby saving the duplication of time, efforts and money.Originality/valueThis research was conducted in a developing economy in a GCC country which is very fast adopter of new technology. The findings of this study would serve as a guide to the businesses who are migrating to a u-commerce model in future.