bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflict in Crocker: applying ethical analysis to constructive dialogue in a co-managed protected area in Sabah (Malaysia)
Authors: HAMILTON LOGAN , JEPSON PAUL 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYOver a 10-year period, a valley in Crocker Range Park in Sabah (Malaysia) has witnessed a conflict between a community located inside its boundaries – the Ulu Senagang/Mongool Baru – and the state government's parks department – Sabah Parks. Sabah Parks sought to designate the area as a co-managed community use zone (CUZ) in which sustainable practices are allowed to continue, but disagreement over how the zone was to be governed resulted in a prolonged impasse. This paper assesses whether conflict management tools could overcome the impasse. This study assessed the CUZ conflict via a systematic methodology known as ethical analysis (EA), which aims to reveal stakeholder interests, values and principles and identify barriers and bridges to negotiated settlements. First developed in the medical field and subsequently employed in the analysis of forestry disputes, this is the first time that EA has been utilized in the context of protected area management. The EA revealed significant misalignments between stakeholders’ positions that were sufficient to prevent a perfect win–win solution from emerging. As such, at least one party would have to make compromises in order for the CUZ to be established. The EA revealed that whilst both sides in this conflict were willing to move forwards with negotiations, they had been prevented from doing so by mutual mistrust and a number of misconceptions that had developed during the negotiation process. The EA tool was fit for purpose in identifying the underlying causes of the CUZ conflict, which were determined to be resolvable so long as both sides were willing to make compromises. The study concludes that other co-managements could similarly benefit from the employment of EA, which can be easily incorporated into existing protected area conflict management models and structures. We propose that the utility of EA can be further enhanced in the conservation management context by incorporating assessments of stakeholder priorities and worldviews into its analysis structure.
The Complementarity Regime of the International Criminal Court in Practice: Is it Truly Serving the Purpose? Some Lessons from Libya
Authors: JURDI NIDAL NABIL 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe interplay between the International Criminal Court (ICC) and domestic jurisdictions under the complementarity regime has unveiled statutory and policy limitations. These loopholes became vivid when the ICC faced new complex situations that were not initially envisaged by the drafters of the Rome Statute. On the practical side, the Libyan situation revealed setbacks and shortages in the policy(ies) adopted by the ICC. The first of these setbacks is the apparent lack of a coherent strategy on positive complementarity as invoked by (some) organs of the Court. The second aspect is the Court's adoption of a restrictive interpretation of the constituencies of the complementarity regime, making it extremely difficult even for some willing and able states to exercise their primary duty to prosecute core international crimes.The unfortunate loose interpretation of ‘unavailability’ that the ICC has developed has led to inaccurate interpretations of the complementarity mechanism in certain situations, such as Libya. Furthermore, the fair trial standards within the admissibility regime should not be exaggerated, but rather invoked to determine whether the state has a bona fide intention to investigate and prosecute these crimes. Contrary to some writers’ interpretation, this is an objective test of intention, not one of relativity or specific result.The ICC practice has shown a patchy approach that lacks a consistent and clear vision of its relation with domestic jurisdictions. While the ICC has not missed every opportunity to hail its commitment to positive complementarity, the reality is that the Court seems keen on understanding its success through conducting more international prosecutions.
Mild Cognitive Impairments Moderate the Effect of Time on Verbal Fluency Performance
Authors: Demetriou Eleni , Holtzer Roee 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectives: Mild cognitive impairments (MCI) is a transitional state in aging associated with increased risk of incident dementia. The current study investigated whether MCI status moderated the effect of time on word generation during verbal fluency tasks. Specifically, the objective was to determine whether MCI status had differential effects on initial automatic or latter more effortful retrieval processes of fluency tasks. Methods: Participants were community residing older adults enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study. Of the 408 participants, 353 were normal (age=76.06±6.61; %female=57.8) and 55 were diagnosed with MCI (age=78.62±7.00; %female=52.7). Phonemic and category fluency were each administered for 60 s, but performance was recorded at three consecutive 20-s intervals (0–20 s [T1], 21–40 s [T2], 41–60 s [T3]. Separate linear mixed effects models for each fluency task were used to determine the effects of group, time, and their interaction on word generation. Results: In both fluency tasks, word generation declined as a function of time. Individuals with MCI generated fewer words compared to controls during the first 20 s of phonemic (beta=−1.56; p<.001; d=0.28) and category fluency (beta=−1.85; p<.001; d=0.37). Group by time interactions revealed that individuals with MCI demonstrated attenuated declines in word generation from the first to the second and third time intervals of both phonemic ([T1 vs. T2] beta=2.17, p=.001; d=0.41; [T1 vs. T3]beta=2.28, p=.001; d=0.45) and category ([T1 vs. T2] beta= 2.22, p=.002; d=0.50; [T1 vs. T3]beta=3.16, p<.001; d=0.71) fluency. Conclusions: Early automatic retrieval processes in verbal fluency tasks are compromised in MCI. (JINS, 2017, 23, 44–55)
Health and nutrition content claims on Australian fast-food websites
Authors: Wellard Lyndal , Koukoumas Alexandra , Watson Wendy L , Hughes Clare 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the extent that Australian fast-food websites contain nutrition content and health claims, and whether these claims are compliant with the new provisions of the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (‘the Code’).DesignSystematic content analysis of all web pages to identify nutrition content and health claims. Nutrition information panels were used to determine whether products with claims met Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criteria (NPSC) and qualifying criteria, and to compare them with the Code to determine compliance.SettingAustralian websites of forty-four fast-food chains including meals, bakery, ice cream, beverage and salad chains.SubjectsAny products marketed on the websites using health or nutrition content claims.ResultsOf the forty-four fast-food websites, twenty (45 %) had at least one claim. A total of 2094 claims were identified on 371 products, including 1515 nutrition content (72 %) and 579 health claims (28 %). Five fast-food products with health (5 %) and 157 products with nutrition content claims (43 %) did not meet the requirements of the Code to allow them to carry such claims.ConclusionsNew provisions in the Code came into effect in January 2016 after a 3-year transition. Food regulatory agencies should review fast-food websites to ensure compliance with the qualifying criteria for nutrition content and health claim regulations. This would prevent consumers from viewing unhealthy foods as healthier choices. Healthy choices could be facilitated by applying NPSC to nutrition content claims. Fast-food chains should be educated on the requirements of the Code regarding claims.
Electron Beam-Induced Deposition for Atom Probe Tomography Specimen Capping Layers
Authors: Diercks David R. , Gorman Brian P. , Mulders Johannes J. L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSix precursors were evaluated for use as in situ electron beam-induced deposition capping layers in the preparation of atom probe tomography specimens with a focus on near-surface features where some of the deposition is retained at the specimen apex. Specimens were prepared by deposition of each precursor onto silicon posts and shaped into sub-70-nm radii needles using a focused ion beam. The utility of the depositions was assessed using several criteria including composition and uniformity, evaporation behavior and evaporation fields, and depth of Ga+ ion penetration. Atom probe analyses through depositions of methyl cyclopentadienyl platinum trimethyl, palladium hexafluoroacetylacetonate, and dimethyl-gold-acetylacetonate [Me2Au(acac)] were all found to result in tip fracture at voltages exceeding 3 kV. Examination of the deposition using Me2Au(acac) plus flowing O2 was inconclusive due to evaporation of surface silicon from below the deposition under all analysis conditions. Dicobalt octacarbonyl [Co2(CO)8] and diiron nonacarbonyl [Fe2(CO)9] depositions were found to be effective as in situ capping materials for the silicon specimens. Their very different evaporation fields [36 V/nm for Co2(CO)8 and 21 V/nm for Fe2(CO)9] provide options for achieving reasonably close matching of the evaporation field between the capping material and many materials of interest.
What are the current and future requirements for magnetic resonance imaging interpretation skills in radiotherapy? A critical review
Authors: Midon Aston M. , Bridge Pete , Warren Mark 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeIncreasing usage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in radiotherapy (RT) and the advent of MRI-based image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) suggests a need for additional training within the RT profession. This critical review aimed to identify potential gaps in knowledge by evaluating the current skill base in MRI among therapeutic radiographers as evidenced by published research.MethodsPapers related to MRI usage were retrieved. Topic areas included outlining, planning and IGRT; diagnosis, follow-up and staging-related papers were excluded. After selection and further text analysis, papers were grouped by tumour site and year of publication.ResultsThe literature search and filtering resulted in a total of 123 papers, of which 66 were related to ‘outlining’, 37 to ‘planning’ and 20 to ‘IGRT’. The main sites of existing MRI expertise in RT were brain, central nervous system, prostate, and head and neck tumours. Expertise was clearly related to regions where MRI offered improved soft-tissue contrast. MRI studies within RT have been published from 2007 onwards at a steadily increasing rate.ConclusionCurrent use of MRI in RT is mainly restricted to sites where MRI offers a considerable imaging advantage over computed tomography. Given the changing use of MRI for image guidance, emerging therapeutic radiographers will require training in MRI interpretation across a wider range of anatomical regions.
‘The biggest car crash in NHS history’: the media portrayal of GP pay before and after the introduction of the Health and Social Care Bill 2011
Authors: Balkham Adam , Alderson Sarah 
Published: October 2016

Background
The introduction of the Health and Social Care Bill (2011) changed the role of GPs to include commissioning of health services.

Aim
This study aimed to identify any differences in the media portrayal of GPs before and after the introduction of the Bill.

Methods
We retrospectively searched four British newspapers over the period 2009–2013 using the media database Nexis. In order to directly compare the findings of the study with the work of Tanner et al., articles relating to GP pay were analysed using thematic analysis. Themes were identified and each article was scored to determine whether it portrayed GPs positively or negatively.

Results
GPs were portrayed slightly less negatively after the introduction of the Bill. The theme of ‘high salaries’ persisted despite reference to ‘pay freezes’. References to decreased trust in the patient–doctor relationship appeared after the introduction of the Bill.

Conclusion
Negative portrayal of GP pay has continued and a lack of trust in GPs has started to be portrayed. This trend may exacerbate the low morale amongst the profession and difficulties in recruiting and retaining GPs.
Economic freedom and human capital investment
Authors: FELDMANN HORST 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUsing data from 1972 to 2011 on 109 countries, this paper empirically studies the impact of economic freedom on human capital investment. Enrollment in secondary education is used as a proxy for such investments. Controlling for a large number of other determinants of education, it finds that, over the sample period, economic freedom had a substantial positive effect. This is probably because more economic freedom increases the return on investing in human capital, enables people to keep a larger share of the return, and, by facilitating the operation of credit markets, makes it easier for them to undertake such investments in the first place.
GENERALIZING BOOLOS’ THEOREM
Authors: LEACH-KROUSE GRAHAM 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIt’s well known that it’s possible to extract, from Frege’s Grudgesetze, an interpretation of second-order Peano Arithmetic in the theory $H{P^2}$, whose sole axiom is Hume’s principle. What’s less well known is that, in Die Grundlagen Der Arithmetic §82–83 Boolos (2011), George Boolos provided a converse interpretation of $H{P^2}$ in $P{A^2}$. Boolos’ interpretation can be used to show that the Frege’s construction allows for any model of $P{A^2}$ to be recovered from some model of $H{P^2}$. So the space of possible arithmetical universes is precisely characterized by Hume’s principle.In this paper, I show that a large class of second-order theories admit characterization by an abstraction principle in this sense. The proof makes use of structural abstraction principles, a class of abstraction principles of considerable intrinsic interest, and categories of interpretations in the sense of Visser (2003).
Early ontogeny of the Furongian (Cambrian) olenid trilobitesSphaerophthalmus alatus(Boeck, 1838) andCtenopyge(Mesoctenopyge)tumidaWestergård, 1922 from Bornholm, Denmark
Authors: Månsson Kristina , Clarkson Euan N. K. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe early stages in ontogenetic development are described in the co-occurringSphaerophthalmus alatus(Boeck, 1838) andCtenopyge(Mesoctenopyge)tumidaWestergård, 1922, using fragmentary but otherwise well-preserved material from Bornholm, Denmark. The former species is a senior synonym ofCtenopyge(Eoctenopyge)angustaWestergård, 1922, as has been recently proposed, but the early stages ofS. alatusfrom Bornholm are appreciably more spiny than those found of the same species in other places in Scandinavia, and spinosity is retained until later in development. Increasing convexity with development and other morphological changes are noted. Pygidia were previously unknown inC.(M.)tumida.Here, they are represented by early pygidia. These are shield-shaped, with a very spiny margin and a strong axial spine. The distinction betweenSphaerophthalmusandCtenopygeis discussed.
The Impact of Human Trafficking in ASEAN: Singapore as a Case-Study
Authors: ANIL KUMAR Jaya 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSoutheast Asia remains a notorious hotbed for human trafficking. The seriousness of the problem has led to the emergence of various initiatives to combat human trafficking. This paper seeks to address why human trafficking in Southeast Asia remains a contentious issue despite the various initiatives put in place for its eradication. ASEAN Member States, including Singapore, can only resolve the current inertia when it comes to combatting trafficking-in-persons (TIP) by adopting a multidimensional, and multistakeholder approach to the problem. Within Singapore, it is recommended that the Prevention of Human Trafficking Act should be amended such that it provides greater protection for all types of trafficking victims. At the regional level, there is a need for greater collaboration and co-ordination amongst ASEAN bodies in tackling human trafficking, which must be accompanied by comprehensive monitoring, compliance, and enforcement mechanisms.
Wer soll die Professur bekommen?
Authors: Abele-Brehm Andrea E. , Bühner Markus 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung. Die Entwicklung einer Wissenschaft ist abhängig von den Personen, die sie tragen. Der Auswahl geeigneter Personen in Berufungsverfahren auf Professuren kommt deshalb eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich erstmals damit, wie Kolleginnen und Kollegen der Psychologie Berufungsverfahren beurteilen; wie wichtig sie verschiedene Indikatoren für die Eignung auf eine Professur einschätzen; wie hoch die Diskrepanz zwischen gewünschter und tatsächlicher Relevanz dieser Indikatoren ist; sowie wie sie zu verschiedenen Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten von Berufungsverfahren stehen. Es wurden 3.784 Mitglieder der DGPs angeschrieben, um an einer online Befragung teilzunehmen. N = 1.453 Personen beantworteten zumindest einen Teil der Fragen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Diskrepanzen zwischen Ist und Soll bei überfachlichen Kompetenzen (Kommunikation, Kooperation, strategisches Denken) besonders groß sind und dass die Befragten den Stellenwert quantitativer Forschungsleistungsindikatoren als zu hoch ansehen. Die Befragten befürworten den Einsatz strukturierter Interviews zur Erfassung überfachlicher Kompetenzen, eine multi-methodale Messung der Forschungs- und Lehrleistung durch qualitative und quantitative Indikatoren sowie stärker strukturierte Probelehrvorträge. Mögliche fachpolitische Konsequenzen dieser Befunde werden diskutiert.
Why Does 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol Generate the Strongest Intrinsic Chemiluminescence among All Nineteen Chlorophenolic Persistent Organic Pollutants during Environmentally-friendly Advanced Oxidation Process?
Authors: Gao Hui-Ying , Mao Li , Shao Bo , Huang Chun-Hua , Zhu Ben-Zhan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe found recently that intrinsic chemiluminescence (CL) could be produced by all 19 chlorophenolic persistent organic pollutants during environmentally-friendly advanced oxidation processes. Interestingly and unexpectedly, the strongest CL was produced not by the most-highly chlorinated pentachlorophenol (PCP), but rather by the less chlorinated 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,5,6-TeCP), one of the three tetrachlorophenol (TeCPs) isomers. However, it remains unclear what is the underlying molecular mechanism. Here we show that not only chlorinated quinoid intermediates, but more interestingly, semiquinone radicals were produced during the degradation of the three TeCPs and PCP by Fenton reagents, and the type and yield of which were found to be well correlated with CL generation. We propose that hydroxyl radical-dependent formation of more tetrachlorinated quinoids, quinone-dioxetanes and electronically excited carbonyl species might be responsible for the exceptionally strong CL production by 2,3,5,6-TeCP as compared to PCP and its two isomers. This is the first report showing the critical role of quinoid intermediates and semiquinone radicals in CL generation from polychlorinated phenols and Fenton system. These new findings may have broad chemical and environmental implications for future studies on remediation of other halogenated persistent aromatic pollutants by advanced oxidation processes.
A Novel Resveratrol Based Tubulin Inhibitor Induces Mitotic Arrest and Activates Apoptosis in Cancer Cells
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth , Gopalakrishnan Vidya , Hegde Mahesh , Kumar Sujeet , Karki Subhas S. , Raghavan Sathees C. , Choudhary Bibha 
Published: October 2016

AbstractResveratrol is one of the most widely studied bioactive plant polyphenols which possesses anticancer properties. Previously we have reported synthesis, characterization and identification of a novel resveratrol analog, SS28. In the present study, we show that SS28 induced cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines ex vivo with an IC50 value of 3–5 μM. Mechanistic evaluation of effect of SS28 in non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549) and T-cell leukemic cell line (CEM) showed that it inhibited Tubulin polymerization during cell division to cause cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase of the cell cycle at 12–18 h time period. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed the mitotic arrest upon treatment with SS28. Besides, we show that SS28 binds to Tubulin with a dissociation constant of 0.414 ± 0.11 μM. Further, SS28 treatment resulted in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of Caspase 9 and Caspase 3, leading to PARP-1 cleavage and finally cell death via intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Importantly, treatment with SS28 resulted in regression of tumor in mice. Hence, our study reveals the antiproliferative activity of SS28 by disrupting microtubule dynamics by binding to its cellular target Tubulin and its potential to be developed as an anticancer molecule.
The complete salmonid IGF-IR gene repertoire and its transcriptional response to disease
Authors: Alzaid Abdullah , Martin Samuel A. M. , Macqueen Daniel J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor (IGF-IR) is necessary for IGF signalling and has essential roles in cellular growth. In teleost fish, two distinct IGF-IR duplicates are conserved called IGF-IRa and IGF-IRb. However, while a salmonid-specific whole genome duplication (ssWGD) is known to have expanded several key genes within the IGF axis, its impact on the IGF-IR repertoire remains unresolved. Using bioinformatic and phylogenetic approaches, we establish that salmonids retain twoIGF-IRaparalogues from ssWGD and a singleIGF-IRbcopy. We measured the tissue-specific and developmental transcriptional regulation of eachIGF-IRgene, revealing tight co-expression between theIGF-IRaparalogues, but expression divergence comparingIGF-IRaandIGF-IRbgenes. We also examined the regulation of eachIGF-IRgene in fish challenged by bacterial and viral infections, adding to recent reports that the IGF axis has roles linking growth and immunity. While whole salmonid fry showed a small upregulation ofIGF-IRexpression during both types of infection, bacterial challenge caused striking downregulation ofIGF-IRa1andIGF-IRa2in head kidney and spleen of adult fish, alongside genes coding IGF hormones, highlighting a strong repression of IGF-signalling in primary immune tissues. The reported immune-responsive regulation ofIGF-IRgenes adds to an emerging body of evidence that supports important cross-talk between master growth and immune pathways in vertebrates.