bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of urinary coenzyme Q10 by HPLC with electrochemical detection: Reference values for a paediatric population
Authors: Yubero Dèlia , Montero Raquel , Ramos Maria , Neergheen Viruna , Navas Plácido , Artuch Rafael , Hargreaves Iain 
Published: February 2017

AbstractKidney dysfunction is being increasingly associated with mitochondrial diseases and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) deficiency. The assessment of CoQ status requires the biochemical determination of CoQ in biological fluids and different cell types, but no methods have been developed as yet for the analysis of CoQ in excretory systems. The aim of this study was to standardize a new procedure for urinary CoQ determination and to establish reference values for a paediatric population. Urinary CoQ was analyzed by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Reference values (n = 43) were stratified into two age groups (2–10 years: range 24–109 nmol CoQ/gram of pellet protein; 11–17 years: range 43–139 nmol CoQ/gram of pellet protein). In conclusion, urinary CoQ analysis is a noninvasive, reliable, and reproducible method to determine urinary tract CoQ status. © 2015 BioFactors, 41(6):424–430, 2015
Curcumin inhibits B[a]PDE‐induced procarcinogenic signals in lung cancer cells, and curbs B[a]P‐induced mutagenesis and lung carcinogenesis
Authors: Puliyappadamba Vineshkumar T. , Thulasidasan Arun Kumar T , Vijayakurup Vinod , Antony Jayesh , Bava Smitha V. , Anwar Shabna , Sundaram Sankar , Anto Ruby John 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBenzo[a]pyrene is a procarcinogen present in environment and cigarette smoke, which could be bio‐transformed in vivo to B[a]PDE, a potent carcinogen known to form DNA adducts and induce mutations. We observed that curcumin, a known chemopreventive, could significantly inhibit the survival of lung cancer cells exposed to B[a]PDE. It also downregulates B[a]PDE‐induced nuclear translocation of NF‐κB as assessed by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and NF‐κB‐dependent reporter gene assay. Ames assay demonstrated its ability to revert the mutagenic property of benzo[a]pyrene. These observations prompted us to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin in preventing B[a]P‐induced lung carcinogenesis in vivo and to explore the molecular mechanism associated with it. The average number of tumor nodules present in the lungs of the Swiss albino mice, which received benzo[a]pyrene, was significantly high compared to that received curcumin as 2% diet along with B[a]P. Curcumin treatment significantly reverted histopathological deviations in the lung tissues due to benzo[a]pyrene ingestion. Moreover, curcumin diet reduced benzo[a]pyrene‐induced activation of NF‐κB and MAPK signaling and Cox‐2 transcription in lung tissues of mice. Taken together, this study illustrates multifaceted efficacy of curcumin in preventing lung cancer. © 2015 BioFactors, 41(6):431–442, 2015
An automated laboratory‐scale methodology for the generation of sheared mammalian cell culture samples
Authors: Joseph Adrian , Goldrick Stephen , Mollet Michael , Turner Richard , Bender Jean , Gruber David , Farid Suzanne S. , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractContinuous disk‐stack centrifugation is typically used for the removal of cells and cellular debris from mammalian cell culture broths at manufacturing‐scale. The use of scale‐down methods to characterise disk‐stack centrifugation performance enables substantial reductions in material requirements and allows a much wider design space to be tested than is currently possible at pilot‐scale. The process of scaling down centrifugation has historically been challenging due to the difficulties in mimicking the Energy Dissipation Rates (EDRs) in typical machines. This paper describes an alternative and easy‐to‐assemble automated capillary‐based methodology to generate levels of EDRs consistent with those found in a continuous disk‐stack centrifuge. Variations in EDR were achieved through changes in capillary internal diameter and the flow rate of operation through the capillary. The EDRs found to match the levels of shear in the feed zone of a pilot‐scale centrifuge using the experimental method developed in this paper (2.4×105 W/Kg) are consistent with those obtained through previously published computational fluid dynamic (CFD) studies (2.0×105 W/Kg). Furthermore, this methodology can be incorporated into existing scale‐down methods to model the process performance of continuous disk‐stack centrifuges. This was demonstrated through the characterisation of culture hold time, culture temperature and EDRs on centrate quality.
Investigator Sensitivity to Alibi Witness Inconsistency after a Long Delay
Authors: Price Heather L. , Dahl Leora C. 
Published: February 2017

In two studies, mock investigators conducted a computer‐based investigation of a crime involving an alibi witness who varied in the consistency of his statements taken 5 years apart. Investigators showed evidence of skepticism of alibi witness statements in which major contradictions (activity, location) were present, and some skepticism of statements in which minor (activity) details were contradictory. Entirely consistent statements were judged favorably, and reduced perceptions of suspect guilt (Study 2). The age of the alibi witness did not impact judgments of suspect guilt when children (6 years) and adults (25 years) were compared (Study 1, N = 254), or when children of different ages were compared (6, 8, 11 years; Study 2, N = 234). The present data suggest that investigators were relatively more sensitive to considerations of accuracy than honesty. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer from Hydrogen‐Bonded Phenols to Benzophenone Triplets
Authors: Amorati Riccardo , Valgimigli Luca , Viglianisi Caterina , Schmallegger Max , Neshchadin Dmytro , Gescheidt Georg 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPhenols with intramolecular hydrogen bond between a pendant base and the phenolic OH group react differently in polar and non‐polar environments with electron/proton acceptors. This was demonstrated by using time resolved chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (TR CIDNP) and theoretical calculations. In benzene, those phenols undergo a concerted electron–proton transfer (EPT) that yields neutral ketyl and phenoxyl radicals. In polar acetonitrile, the reaction mechanism turns into an electron transfer from the phenol to the triplet ketone, accompanied by the shift of a proton from the phenolic OH group to the nitrogen atom of the pendant base to form a distonic radical cation. This behavior is similar to that of tyrosine H‐bonded to basic residues in some radical enzymes. This solvent‐induced mechanism switch in proton‐coupled electron transfers is important in different biological systems, in which the same metabolites and intermediates can react differently depending on the specific local environments.
Silver Nanoparticle Generators: Silicon Dioxide Microspheres
Authors: Liu Yan , Li Yingdi , Kang Yanlei , Shen Qihui , Liu Xiaoyang , Zhou Jianguang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA green and simple approach has been developed to synthesize un‐coated Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) in situ on the surface of thiol‐group‐functionalized silica dioxide microspheres (TSMs) in the aqueous solution. As soon as the Ag+ ions attach onto the surface of TSMs, nucleation and growth of AgNPs can spontaneously complete within one minute without other reducing agents or capping agents. The main reason is that the self‐assembled silane‐layer formed by mercaptosilane molecules could reduce the Ag0 formation energy, transport electrons efficiently, improve the nucleation density, and protect AgNPs against oxidation. Thus, the supported AgNPs show excellent chemical/photochemical stability in air and solution. Meanwhile, the size of as‐prepared AgNPs could be controlled by tuning the concentration of Ag+ ions. This process provides a general route to generate bare AgNPs on the surface of silica dioxide in situ, which might be extended to other materials and is promising in developing novel methodologies for making supported noble metal NPs with desired structure and properties.
Young Investigator Challenge: Building an ultrasound‐guided FNA clinic—our 5‐year experience: From project to practice
Authors: Rafael Oana C. , Klein Melissa , Serbonich Melissa M. , Vadalia Bhumika , Das Kasturi , Gimenez Cecilia E. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDThe authors' fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) clinic opened in 2010, allowing cytopathologists to increase their proficiency and experience in FNA performance. Here, they report their 5‐year experience.METHODSThe FNA clinic log book and the institution's database were retrospectively reviewed to record patients' demographics, the number of FNAs performed per year by each cytopathologist, the number of passes, rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) and diagnosis, adequacy‐diagnosis concordance, and follow‐up histology when available. The numbers and types of cases per year and variations among cytopathologists were compared.RESULTSIn total, 474 cases were identified within a 5‐year time‐frame. The discrepancy rate between the on‐site and final diagnoses decreased progressively, from 4.4% to 2.4%. The nondiagnostic rate decreased from 2011 to 2015, with the exception of 2014, when an increase was noted, possibly because of a lower number of cases. Cytopathologists' performance was assessed over a 3‐year period. The number of passes for each FNA decreased over time. The cytology‐histology concordance was 100% over time for all cytopathologists. There was a diagnostic discrepancy between the ROSE and final diagnoses for 3 of 104 cases in 2013 and for 3 of 124 cases in 2015. The total number of passes was not consistently recorded until 2014, when a final report template was instituted. The technique improved over time because of accumulated experience, constant practice with phantoms, and attending the College of American Pathologists' training in ultrasound‐guided FNA.CONCLUSIONSFNAs performed by cytopathologists have a high‐rate of ROSE/adequacy and a low diagnostic discrepancy rate. Cytopathologists as interventionalists provide optimal care and excellent patient satisfaction. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:161–168. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Design and FPGA implementation of multiplierless comb filter
Authors: Barsainya Richa , Agarwal Meenakshi , Rawat Tarun Kumar 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe main objective of this paper is to design and implement minimum multiplier, low latency structures of a comb filter. Multipliers are the most area and power consuming elements; therefore, it is desirable to realize a filter with minimum number of multipliers. In this paper, design of comb filters based on lattice wave digital filters (LWDF) structure is proposed to minimize the number of multipliers. The fundamental processing unit employed in LWDF requires only one multiplier. These lattice wave digital comb filters (LWDCFs) are realized using Richards' and transformed first‐order and second‐order all‐pass sections. The resulting structural realizations of LWDCFs exhibit properties such as low coefficient sensitivity, high dynamic range, high overflow level, and low round‐off noise. Multiplier coefficients of the proposed structures are implemented with canonic signed digit code (CSDC) technique using shift and add operations leading to multiplierless implementation. This contributes in reduction of number of addition levels which reduces the latency of the critical loop. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform is used for evaluation and testing of the proposed LWDCFs to acquire advantages of the parallelism, low cost, and low power consumption. The implementation of the proposed LWDCFs is accomplished on Xilinx Spartan‐6 and Virtex‐6 FPGA devices. By means of examples, it is shown that the implementations of the proposed LWDCFs attain high maximum sampling frequency, reduced hardware, and low power dissipation compared with the existing comb filter structures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A portfolio approach to managing ecological risks of global change
Authors: Aplet Gregory H. , Mckinley Peter S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The stressors of global environmental change make it impossible over the long term for natural systems to maintain their historical composition. Conservation's new objective must be to maintain the building blocks of future systems (e.g., species, genes, soil types, and landforms) as they continuously rearrange. Because of the certainty of change, some biologists and managers question continued use of retrospective conservation strategies (e.g., reserves and restoration) informed by the historical range of variability. Prospective strategies that manage toward anticipated conditions have joined the conservation toolbox alongside retrospective conservation. We argue that high uncertainty around the rates and trajectories of climate and ecological change dictate the need to spread ecological risk using prospective and retrospective strategies across conservation networks in a systematic and adaptively managed approach. We term this a portfolio approach drawing comparisons to financial portfolio risk management as a means to maximize conservation benefit and learning. As with a financial portfolio, the portfolio approach requires that management allocations receive minimum temporal commitments to realize longer‐term benefits. Our approach requires segregation of the strategies into three landscape zones to avoid counterproductive interactions. The zones will be managed to (1) observe change, (2) resist change, and (3) facilitate change. We offer guidelines for zone allocation based on ecological integrity. All zones should follow principles of conservation design traditionally applied to reserves. Comparable to financial portfolios, zone performance is monitored to facilitate learning and potential reallocation for long‐term net minimization of risk to the building blocks of future ecosystems.
Communicating geomorphology: an empirical evaluation of the discipline's impact and visibility
Authors: Clarke Lucy , Schillereff Daniel , Shuttleworth Emma 
Published: February 2017

AbstractConcern among geomorphologists that the discipline's visibility and impact are becoming suppressed are reflected in a series of recent Earth Surface Exchanges (ESEX) commentaries by Tooth et al. This paper from the British Society for Geomorphology (BSG) Communicating Geomorphology Fixed‐Term Working Group (FTWG) reports initial findings from an online survey of BSG members alongside an empirical assessment of the term's prominence in academic output: international peer‐reviewed journals, undergraduate Geoscience degrees in world‐leading institutions and the UK Research Excellence Framework (REF) impact statements. Our observations indicate the scientific standing of the discipline has been retained but the term itself is less widely utilised and we offer a series of suggestions actionable by the geomorphology community. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Out with the Old?’ Why coarse spatial datasets are still useful for catchment‐scale investigations of sediment (dis)connectivity
Authors: Lisenby Peyton E. , Fryirs Kirstie A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe increasing popularity of remote sensing techniques has created numerous options for researchers seeking spatial datasets, especially digital elevation models (DEMs), for geomorphic investigations. This yields an important question regarding what DEM resolution is most appropriate when answering questions of geomorphic significance. The highest possible resolution is not always the best choice for a particular research aim, and DEM resolution should be tailored to fit both the scale of investigation and the simplicity/complexity of modelling processes applied to the dataset. We find that DEM resolution has a significant effect on a simple model of bed load sediment connectivity in the Lockyer Valley, Queensland. We apply a simple bed load transport threshold to catchment DEMs at three different resolutions – 1 m, 5 m, and 25 m. We find that using a 1 m resolution DEM generates numerous disconnections along tributary channel networks that underestimates the sediment contributing area, i.e. effective catchment area (ECA), of seven tributary basins of Lockyer Creek. Utilizing a coarser (lower‐resolution) DEM helps eliminate erroneous disconnections, but can reduce the detail of stream network definition. We find that the 25 m resolution DEM provides the best measure of ECA for comparing sediment connectivity between tributary catchments. The utility of simple models and coarse‐resolution datasets is important for undertaking large, catchment‐scale geomorphic investigations. As catchment‐scale investigations are becoming increasingly entwined with river management and rehabilitation efforts, scientists need not embrace an ‘out with the old’ philosophy. Simple models and coarse‐resolution datasets can help better integrate geomorphic research with management strategies and provide inexpensive and quick first‐order insights into catchment‐scale processes that can help focus future management efforts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting key US macroeconomic variables with a factor‐augmented Qual VAR
Authors: Gupta Rangan , Olson Eric , Wohar Mark E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we first extract factors from a monthly dataset of 130 macroeconomic and financial variables. These extracted factors are then used to construct a factor‐augmented qualitative vector autoregressive (FA‐Qual VAR) model to forecast industrial production growth, inflation, the Federal funds rate, and the term spread based on a pseudo out‐of‐sample recursive forecasting exercise over an out‐of‐sample period of 1980:1 to 2014:12, using an in‐sample period of 1960:1 to 1979:12. Short‐, medium‐, and long‐run horizons of 1, 6, 12, and 24 months ahead are considered. The forecast from the FA‐Qual VAR is compared with that of a standard VAR model, a Qual VAR model, and a factor‐augmented VAR (FAVAR). In general, we observe that the FA‐Qual VAR tends to perform significantly better than the VAR, Qual VAR and FAVAR (barring some exceptions relative to the latter). In addition, we find that the Qual VARs are also well equipped in forecasting probability of recessions when compared to probit models.
A pilot randomized trial of two cognitive rehabilitation interventions for mild cognitive impairment: caregiver outcomes
Authors: Cuc Andrea V. , Locke Dona E.C. , Duncan Noah , Fields Julie A. , Snyder Charlene Hoffman , Hanna Sherrie , Lunde Angela , Smith Glenn E. , Chandler Melanie 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveThis study aims to provide effect size estimates of the impact of two cognitive rehabilitation interventions provided to patients with mild cognitive impairment: computerized brain fitness exercise and memory support system on support partners' outcomes of depression, anxiety, quality of life, and partner burden.MethodsA randomized controlled pilot trial was performed.ResultsAt 6 months, the partners from both treatment groups showed stable to improved depression and anxiety scores, while partners in an untreated control group showed worsening depression and anxiety over 6 months. There were no statistically significant differences on quality of life or burden outcomes in this small pilot trial; however, effect sizes were moderate, suggesting that the sample sizes in this pilot study were not adequate to detect statistical significance.ConclusionEither form of cognitive rehabilitation may help partners' mood or anxiety, compared with providing no treatment. However, effect size estimates related to other partner outcomes (i.e., burden, quality of life) suggest that follow‐up efficacy trials will need sample sizes of at least 30–100 people per group to accurately determine significance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An extended Bayesian sediment fingerprinting mixing model for the full Bayes treatment of geochemical uncertainties
Authors: Cooper Richard J. , Krueger Tobias 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRecent advances in sediment fingerprinting research have seen Bayesian mixing models being increasingly employed as an effective method to coherently translate component uncertainties into source apportionment results. Here, we advance earlier work by presenting an extended Bayesian mixing model capable of providing a full Bayes treatment of geochemical uncertainties. The performance of the extended full Bayes model was assessed against the equivalent empirical Bayes model and traditional frequentist optimisation. The performance of models coded in different Bayesian software (JAGS and Stan) was also evaluated, alongside an assessment of model sensitivity to reduced source representativeness and nonconservative fingerprint behaviour. Results revealed comparable accuracy and precision for the full and empirical Bayes models across both synthetic and real sediment geochemistry datasets, demonstrating that the empirical treatment of source data here represents a close approximation of the full Bayes treatment. Contrasts in the performance of models coded in JAGS and Stan revealed that the choice of software employed can impact significantly upon source apportionment results. Bayesian models coded in Stan were the least sensitive to both reduced source representativeness and nonconservative fingerprint behaviour, indicating Stan as the preferred software for future Bayesian sediment fingerprinting studies. Whilst the frequentist optimisation generally yielded comparable accuracy to the Bayesian models, uncertainties around apportionment estimates were substantially greater and the frequentist model was less effective at dealing with nonconservative behaviour. Overall, the effective performance of the extended full Bayes mixing model coded in Stan represents a notable advancement in source apportionment modelling relative to previous approaches. Both the mixing model and the software comparisons presented here should provide useful guidelines for future sediment fingerprinting studies.
Developmental change in emotion expression in frustrating situations: The roles of context and gender
Authors: Chaplin Tara M. , Klein Melanie R. , Cole Pamela M. , Turpyn Caitlin C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEmotion expression is a central aspect of social–emotional functioning. Theorists assert that emotion expression undergoes significant changes in the preschool period. There is, however, limited observational evidence of those changes, which may vary by interpersonal context and gender. The present longitudinal study examined developmental changes in emotion expressions from ages 3 to 5 years in 120 children from rural economically strained families. Children's facial, vocal, and postural sadness, anger, and happiness expressions were observed in frustrating tasks in 3 social contexts (a perfect circles task with an experimenter, a toy wait task with mother, a locked box task when alone). Findings indicted that sadness expressions decreased with age in all 3 contexts. Anger expressions increased with age in the frustrating task with the experimenter and when alone but not with the mother. From age 4 to 5 years, happiness expressions decreased in the task with experimenter but increased when alone and increased marginally with mother. In terms of gender, girls expressed greater happiness (and lower sadness) than boys but only in the task with the experimenter. Findings suggest that sadness expressions decrease over the preschool years. Developmental changes in happiness and anger expressions (and gender differences) likely depend on context.Highlights

The study examined developmental changes and gender differences in emotion expression from age 3–5 years in three frustrating interpersonal contexts.
Sadness decreased, anger increased with the experimenter and alone (but not with mother), and happiness decreased with the experimenter.
Findings suggest declines in sadness expressions, but that anger and happiness expressions are selectively expressed to fit contextual demands.