bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Response of Calcium Lactate Supplementation on the Athletic Performance of Soccer Players Under the Age of 15
Authors: Azevedo Henrique , Azevedo Vitor , Padilha Daniel , Loturco Irineu , Artioli Guilherme , Santos David , Azevedo Paulo 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To determine the acute response of lactate supplementation on athletic performance. Method: Fifteen athletes under the age of 15 performed the following 4 sessions in a nonrandomized order: (1) familiarization, (2) control, (3) participants ingested calcium lactate (21.5 mg·kg−1 body mass), and (4) participants ingested a placebo (PLA, calcium carbonate, 21.5 mg·kg−1 body mass). The capsules were randomly offered and consumed 60 minutes before the physical tests. To assess the physical performance, the athletes executed squat jump, countermovement squat jump, 20-m linear sprint, change of direction test, and running anaerobic sprint test. Results: There were no significant differences between conditions for squat jump, countermovement jump, change of direction, and minimum power obtained in the running anaerobic sprint test (P > .05). Conversely, we observed a worse performance (P < .05) in the 20-m linear sprint test in the PLA and lactate conditions compared with control (P < .05). The lactate condition worsened performance during running anaerobic sprint test for peak power, mean power, and fatigue index compared with control and PLA (P < .05). Conclusions: Calcium lactate supplementation worsened repetitive running sprint ability and 20-m sprint performance. However, lactate supplementation does not affect jump or agility capacity. Therefore, calcium lactate supplementation seems to be an ineffective strategy to improve anaerobic and neuromuscular performance in soccer players 15 years of age or less.
Polymyxins retain
in vitro
activity and
in vivo
efficacy against “resistant”
Acinetobacter baumannii
strains when tested in physiological conditions
Authors: Rubio Jennifer , Yan Jun , Miller Sarah , Cheng Jiaqi , Li Rachel , Builta Zac , Aoyagi Kari , Fisher Mark , She Rosemary , Spellberg Brad , Luna Brian 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The emergence of plasmid-mediated resistance threatens the efficacy of polymyxins as the last line of defense against pan-drug-resistant infections. However, we have found that using Mueller-Hinton II (MHII), the standard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) medium, results in MIC data that are disconnected from
in vivo
treatment outcomes. We found that culturing putative colistin-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
clinical isolates, as defined by MICs of >2 mg/L in standard MHII testing conditions, in bicarbonate-containing media reduced MICs to the susceptible range by preventing colistin resistance-conferring lipopolysaccharide modifications from occurring. Furthermore, the lower MICs in bicarbonate-containing media accurately predicted
in vivo
efficacy of a human-simulated dosing strategy of colistin and polymyxin B in a lethal murine infection model for some polymyxin-resistant
A. baumannii
strains. Thus, current polymyxin susceptibility testing methods overestimate the contribution of polymyxin resistance-conferring mutations and incorrectly predict antibiotic activity
in vivo
. Polymyxins may remain a viable therapeutic option against
Acinetobacter baumannii
strains heretofore determined to be “pan-resistant.”
Immunostimulatory activity of lipoteichoic acid with three fatty acid residues derived from
Limosilactobacillus antri
JCM 15950
T
Authors: Yamasaki-Yashiki Shino , Shiraishi Tsukasa , Gyobu Mai , Sasaki Haruna , Kunisawa Jun , Yokota Shin-ichi , Katakura Yoshio 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Some strains of lactic acid bacteria can regulate the host’s intestinal immune system. Bacterial cells and membrane vesicles (MVs) of
Limosilactobacillus antri
JCM 15950
T
promote immunoglobulin A (IgA) production in murine Peyer’s patch cells via toll-like receptor (TLR) 2. This study aimed to investigate the role of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a ligand of TLR2, in the immunostimulatory activity of these bacterial cells and their MVs. LTA extracted from bacterial cells was purified through hydrophobic interaction chromatography and then divided into fractions LTA1 and LTA2 through anion-exchange chromatography. LTA1 induced greater interleukin (IL)-6 production from macrophage-like RAW264 cells than LTA2, and the induced IL-6 production was suppressed by TLR2 neutralization using an anti-TLR2 antibody. The LTAs in both fractions contained two hexose residues in the glycolipid anchor; however, LTA1 was particularly rich in triacyl LTA. The free hydroxy groups in the glycerol phosphate (GroP) repeating units were substituted by
d
-alanine (
d
-Ala) and α-glucose in LTA1, but only by α-glucose in LTA2. The dealanylation of LTA1 slightly suppressed IL-6 production in RAW264 cells, whereas deacylation almost completely suppressed IL-6 production. Furthermore, IL-6 production induced by dealanylated LTA1 was markedly higher than that induced by dealanylated LTA2. These results indicated that the critical moieties for the immunostimulatory activity of
L. antri
-derived LTA were the three fatty acid residues rather than the substitution with
d
-Ala in GroP. LTA was also detected in MVs, suggesting that the triacyl LTA, but not the diacyl LTA, translocated to the MVs and conferred immunostimulatory activity.

IMPORTANCE

Some lactic acid bacteria activate the host intestinal immune system via toll-like receptor (TLR) 2. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a TLR2 ligand; however, the moieties of LTA that determine its immunostimulatory activity remain unclear because of the wide diversity of LTA partial structures. We found that
Limosilactobacillus antri
JCM 15950
T
has three types of LTAs (triacyl, diacyl, and monoacyl LTAs). Specifically, structural analysis of the LTAs revealed that triacyl LTA plays a crucial role in immunostimulation and that the fatty acid residues are essential for the activity. The three acyl residues are characteristic of LTAs from many lactic acid bacteria, and our findings can explain the immunostimulatory mechanisms widely exhibited by lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activity of membrane vesicles released by
L. antri
JCM 15950
T
is due to the transferred LTA, demonstrating a novel mechanism of membrane vesicle-mediated immunostimulation.
FabR, a regulator of membrane lipid homeostasis, is involved in
Klebsiella pneumoniae
biofilm robustness
Authors: Dramé Ibrahima , Rossez Yannick , Krzewinski Frederic , Charbonnel Nicolas , Ollivier-Nakusi Laurence , Briandet Romain , Dague Etienne , Forestier Christiane , Balestrino Damien 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Biofilm is a dynamic structure from which individual bacteria and micro-aggregates are released to subsequently colonize new niches by either detachment or dispersal. Screening of a transposon mutant library identified genes associated with the alteration of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
biofilm including
fabR
, which encodes a transcriptional regulator involved in membrane lipid homeostasis. An isogenic ∆
fabR
mutant formed more biofilm than the wild-type (WT) strain and its trans-complemented strain. The thick and round aggregates observed with ∆
fabR
were resistant to extensive washes, unlike those of the WT strain. Confocal microscopy and BioFlux microfluidic observations showed that
fabR
deletion was associated with biofilm robustness and impaired erosion over time. The genes
fabB
and
yqfA
associated with fatty acid metabolism were significantly overexpressed in the ∆
fabR
strain, in both planktonic and biofilm conditions. Two monounsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1), were found in higher proportion in biofilm cells than in planktonic forms, whereas heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) and octadecanoic acid, 11-methoxy (C18:0-OCH3) were found in higher proportion in the planktonic lifestyle. The
fabR
mutation induced variations in the fatty acid composition, with no clear differences in the amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids for the planktonic lifestyle but lower SFA in the biofilm form. Atomic force microscopy showed that deletion of
fabR
is associated with decreased
K. pneumoniae
cell rigidity in the biofilm lifestyle, as well as a softer, more elastic biofilm with increased cell cohesion compared to the wild-type strain.

IMPORTANCE

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of nosocomial infections. The success of this pathogen is due to its high resistance to antibiotics and its ability to form biofilms. The molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation have been largely described but the dispersal process that releases individual and aggregate cells from mature biofilm is less well documented while it is associated with the colonization of new environments and thus new threats. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we show that modifications of bacterial membrane fatty acid composition lead to variations in the biofilm robustness, and subsequent bacterial detachment and biofilm erosion over time. These results enhance our understanding of the genetic requirements for biofilm formation in
K. pneumoniae
that affect the time course of biofilm development and the embrittlement step preceding its dispersal that will make it possible to control
K. pneumoniae
infections.
Unfolding and de-confounding: biologically meaningful causal inference from longitudinal multi-omic networks using METALICA
Authors: Ruiz-Perez Daniel , Gimon Isabella , Sazal Musfiqur , Mathee Kalai , Narasimhan Giri 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

A key challenge in the analysis of microbiome data is the integration of multi-omic datasets and the discovery of interactions between microbial taxa, their expressed genes, and the metabolites they consume and/or produce. In an effort to improve the state of the art in inferring biologically meaningful multi-omic interactions, we sought to address some of the most fundamental issues in causal inference from longitudinal multi-omics microbiome data sets. We developed METALICA, a suite of tools and techniques that can infer interactions between microbiome entities. METALICA introduces novel unrolling and de-confounding techniques used to uncover multi-omic entities that are believed to act as confounders for some of the relationships that may be inferred using standard causal inferencing tools. The results lend support to predictions about biological models and processes by which microbial taxa interact with each other in a microbiome. The unrolling process helps identify putative intermediaries (genes and/or metabolites) to explain the interactions between microbes; the de-confounding process identifies putative common causes that may lead to spurious relationships to be inferred. METALICA was applied to the networks inferred by existing causal discovery, and network inference algorithms were applied to a multi-omics data set resulting from a longitudinal study of IBD microbiomes. The most significant unrollings and de-confoundings were manually validated using the existing literature and databases.

IMPORTANCE
We have developed a suite of tools and techniques capable of inferring interactions between microbiome entities. METALICA introduces novel techniques called unrolling and de-confounding that are employed to uncover multi-omic entities considered to be confounders for some of the relationships that may be inferred using standard causal inferencing tools. To evaluate our method, we conducted tests on the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) dataset from the iHMP longitudinal study, which we pre-processed in accordance with our previous work. From this dataset, we generated various subsets, encompassing different combinations of metagenomics, metabolomics, and metatranscriptomics datasets. Using these multi-omics datasets, we demonstrate how the unrolling process aids in the identification of putative intermediaries (genes and/or metabolites) to explain the interactions between microbes. Additionally, the de-confounding process identifies potential common causes that may give rise to spurious relationships to be inferred. The most significant unrollings and de-confoundings were manually validated using the existing literature and databases.
Antimicrobial efficiency and cytocompatibility of resveratrol and naringin as chemical decontaminants on SLA surface
Authors: Zhou You , Shen Zhe , Xu Yan , Qian Xin-na , Chen Wei , Qiu Jing 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacterial biofilms are the major etiology agent of peri-implant disease. Chemical decontamination is a promising treatment strategy against bacterial biofilms; however, its applications are limited by its low efficiency and poor biocompatibility. In contrast to three conventional cleaners (sterile saline, hydrogen peroxide, and chlorhexidine), this study used resveratrol and naringin solutions to remove mature
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Porphyromonas gingivalis
biofilm on sandblasted (with large grit and acid-etched (SLA) titanium surface. To determine changes in surface characteristics, the surface wettability and roughness were measured, and micromorphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. With crystal violet (CV) and live/dead bacterial staining, residual plaque quantity and composition were measured. The biocompatibility was tested using pH and cytotoxicity, as well as by osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, and fibroblasts (L-929) proliferation were also analyzed. It was found that resveratrol and naringin solutions were more effective in restoring surface characteristics and also showed that less plaque and viable bacteria were left. Naringin removed
S. aureus
biofilms better than chlorhexidine. Alkaline resveratrol and naringin solutions increased cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation without any cytotoxicity. Resveratrol increased the expression of mRNA and protein associated with osteogenesis. In conclusion, resveratrol and naringin effectively restored SLA titanium surface characteristics and decontaminated the biofilm with good biocompatibility, suggesting their therapeutic potential as chemical decontaminants.

IMPORTANCE
Bacterial biofilms are considered the primary etiology of peri-implant disease. Physical cleaning is the most common way to remove bacterial biofilm, but it can cause grooving, melting, and deposition of chemicals that alter the surface of implants, which may hamper biocompatibility and re-osseointegration. Chemical decontamination is one of the most promising treatments but is limited by low efficiency and poor biocompatibility. Our study aims to develop safer, more effective chemical decontaminants for peri-implant disease prevention and treatment. We focus on resveratrol and naringin, two natural compounds, which have shown to be more effective in decontaminating biofilms on dental implant surfaces and exerting better biocompatibility. This research is groundbreaking as it is the first exploration of natural plant extracts’ impact on mature bacterial biofilms on rough titanium surfaces. By advancing this knowledge, we seek to contribute to more effective and biocompatible strategies for combating peri-implant diseases, enhancing oral health, and prolonging implant lifespan.
Injury-inciting circumstances of sudden-onset hamstring injuries: video analyses of 63 match injuries in male professional football players in the Qatar Stars League (2013–2020)
Authors: Vermeulen Robin , van Dyk Nicol , Whiteley Rod , Chamari Karim , Gregson Warren , Lolli Lorenzo , Bahr Roald , Tol Johannes L , Serner Andreas 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo describe and categorise the injury-inciting circumstances of sudden-onset hamstring match injuries in professional football players using systematic video analysis.MethodsUsing a prospective injury surveillance database, all sudden-onset hamstring match injuries in male football players (18 years and older) from the Qatar Stars League between September 2013 and August 2020 were reviewed and cross-referenced with broadcasted match footage. Videos with a clear observable painful event (ie, a player grabbing their posterior thigh) were included. Nine investigators independently analysed all videos to describe and categorise injury-inciting circumstances. We used three main categories: playing situation (eg, time of injury), player action(s) (eg, running) and other considerations (eg, contact). Player action(s) and other considerations were not mutually exclusive.ResultsWe included 63 sudden-onset hamstring match injuries out of 295 registered injuries between 2013 and 2020. Running was involved in 86% of injuries. Hamstring injuries occurred primarily during acceleration of 0–10 m (24% of all injuries) and in general at different running distances (0–50 m) and speeds (slow to fast). At 0–10 m distance, indirect player-to-player contact and inadequate balance were involved in 53% and 67% of the cases, respectively. Pressing occurred in 46% of all injuries (injured player pressing opponent: 25%; being pressed by opponent: 21%) and frequently involved player-to-player contact (69% of the cases when the injured player was pressing vs 15% of the cases when the opponent was pressing) and inadequate balance (82% vs 50%, respectively). Other player actions that did not involve running (n=9, 14% of all injuries) were kicking (n=6) and jumping (n=3).ConclusionThe injury-inciting circumstances of sudden-onset hamstring match injuries in football varied. The most common single-player action (24%) was acceleration over a distance of <10 m. Pressing, inadequate balance and indirect contact were frequently seen player actions. Injury prevention research in football should look beyond high-speed running as the leading risk factor for sudden-onset hamstring injuries.
Increased incidence of neurodegenerative diseases in Finnish individuals with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Satuli-Autere Susanna , Harjutsalo Valma , Eriksson Marika I , Hägg-Holmberg Stefanie , Öhman Hanna , Claesson Tor-björn , Groop Per-Henrik , Thorn Lena M 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionDiabetes is linked to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), but data in type 1 diabetes are scarce. Our aim was to assess the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of different NDs in type 1 diabetes, and to evaluate the impact of diabetic vascular complications and age at diabetes onset.Research design and methodsIn this observational cohort study, we included 4261 individuals with type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy study, and 11 653 matched population-based controls without diabetes. NDs were identified from registers until the end of 2017. Diabetic complications were assessed at the baseline study visit. SIRs were calculated from diabetes onset, except for impact of complications that was calculated from baseline study visit.ResultsThe SIRs for NDs were increased in type 1 diabetes: any dementia 2.24 (95% CI 1.79 to 2.77), Alzheimer’s disease 2.13 (95% CI 1.55 to 2.87), vascular dementia 3.40 (95% CI 2.08 to 5.6), other dementias 1.70 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.31), and Parkinson’s disease 1.61 (95% CI 1.04 to 2.37). SIR showed a twofold increased incidence already in those without albuminuria (1.99 (1.44–2.68)), but further increased in presence of diabetic complications: kidney disease increased SIR for Alzheimer’s disease, while cardiovascular disease increased SIR for both Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Diabetes onset <15 years, compared with ≥15 years, increased SIR of Alzheimer’s disease, 3.89 (2.21–6.35) vs 1.73 (1.16–2.48), p<0.05, but not the other dementias.ConclusionsND incidence is increased 1.7–3.4-fold in type 1 diabetes. The presence of diabetic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease further increased the incidence of dementia.
Not all healthcare inequities in diabetes are equal: a comparison of two medically underserved cohorts
Authors: Walker Ashby F , Haller Michael J , Addala Ananta , Filipp Stephanie L , Lal Rayhan , Gurka Matthew J , Figg Lauren E , Hechavarria Melanie , Zaharieva Dessi P , Malden Keilecia G , Hood Korey K , Westen Sarah C , Wong Jessie J , Donahoo William T , Basina Marina , Bernier Angelina V , Duncan Paul , Maahs David M 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionDiabetes disparities exist based on socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity. The aim of this study is to compare two cohorts with diabetes from California and Florida to better elucidate how health outcomes are stratified within underserved communities according to state location, race, and ethnicity.Research design and methodsTwo cohorts were recruited for comparison from 20 Federally Qualified Health Centers as part of a larger ECHO Diabetes program. Participant-level data included surveys and HbA1c collection. Center-level data included Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set metrics. Demographic characteristics were summarized overall and stratified by state (frequencies, percentages, means (95% CIs)). Generalized linear mixed models were used to compute and compare model-estimated rates and means.ResultsParticipant-level cohort: 582 adults with diabetes were recruited (33.0% type 1 diabetes (T1D), 67.0% type 2 diabetes (T2D)). Mean age was 51.1 years (95% CI 49.5, 52.6); 80.7% publicly insured or uninsured; 43.7% non-Hispanic white (NHW), 31.6% Hispanic, 7.9% non-Hispanic black (NHB) and 16.8% other. Center-level cohort: 32 796 adults with diabetes were represented (3.4% with T1D, 96.6% with T2D; 72.7% publicly insured or uninsured). Florida had higher rates of uninsured (p<0.0001), lower continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use (18.3% Florida; 35.9% California, p<0.0001), and pump use (10.2% Florida; 26.5% California, p<0.0001), and higher proportions of people with T1D/T2D>9% HbA1c (p<0.001). Risk was stratified within states with NHB participants having higher HbA1c (mean 9.5 (95% CI 8.9, 10.0) compared with NHW with a mean of 8.4 (95% CI 7.8, 9.0), p=0.0058), lower pump use (p=0.0426) and CGM use (p=0.0192). People who prefer to speak English were more likely to use a CGM (p=0.0386).ConclusionsCharacteristics of medically underserved communities with diabetes vary by state and by race and ethnicity. Florida’s lack of Medicaid expansion could be a factor in worsened risks for vulnerable communities with diabetes.