bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in a Group of Militaries With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: El Kefi H. , Abdelghaffar W. , Baatout A. , Bechikh Brahim C. , Krir W. , Eddif S. , Oumaya A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has a high prevalence and severe impact in military populations. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is indicated in this condition but it is a structured therapy that requires patients’ motivation and doctors’ availability.Objectives and aimsAssess feasibility and effectiveness of CBT in a military group with PTSD.MethodsA group of six militaries that witnessed the same traumatic event (an armed attack) and were diagnosed with PTSD were involved in a structured individual session CBT with one therapist. An assessment using the PTSD checklist for DSM (PCL) was performed initially and in halfway therapy. The therapy included an education about PTSD, a cognitive restructuring, a behavioral approach via home tasks and relaxation techniques.ResultsThe initial PCL scores varied from 25 to 55. All patients were initially on sick leave. Five patients had adjunctive antidepressant medications and one patient was only on therapy. Three patients showed no motivation and were excluded after 3 sessions. Two patients have had 7 weekly sessions and were able to return to work in the same place. One patient with severe PTSD had 2 sessions monthly, he had slight clinical improvement and could not come back to military work. The three patients who are still in therapy have improved PCL scores.ConclusionsCBT can be effective in PTSD. The outcome depends on initial severity of PTSD and assiduity.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Adaptation Skill Improvement Through Communication Skills Analysis of Individuals With Over-Adaptation
Authors: Aida Y. 
Published: May 2016

Japanese society, which culturally focuses more on harmony rather than individuals, tends to promote making society members to have over-adaptation, one of the psychological characteristics. The research embraced the definition of over-adaptation, as “the tendency to lose the authority due to one's excessive efforts to meet others’ expectations rather than their own needs”. Individuals with over-adaptation have higher risks for suffering depression, violent behaviors, and psychosomatic disorders, potentially creates risks for suicide and death from over-work.The recent Japanese studies mostly focused on examining the methods that balance internal adaptation by lowering external adaptation. However, this method has risks such as inducing resistance and coincidentally making professional helps more difficult. Our research focused on one of the internal maladjustment, self-inhibition, which is the necessary communication skill.The research focused on individuals with over-adaptation, and set the objectives to reveal their imbalance of communication skills including self-inhibition. It farther aimed to examine the preventing methods the over-adaptation, which induce people to have another psychological maladjustments.The research conducted a questioner to students in a university and high school. It suggested that individuals with over-adaptation tendency were less skillful in representation and self-assertion, and that they had stronger skill in other areas, such as capability for others, empathy, internal relationship adjustment skill, and self-control. Since these skills were high, they coincidentally made total balance worth. Additionally, their bad physical conditions were noted.The research suggested the effectiveness of the self-expression and assertion training to improve adaptation, which coincidentally prevents physical problems.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Understanding Discrepancies in the Prediction of Mental Health, Substance Use and Dual Disorders. Implications From a Multi-Site International Study
Authors: Carmona Camacho R. , Chavez L. , Villar A. , Vidal C. , Polo R. , Baca-García E. , Alegria M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe use of valid and practical screening scales might ease the burden for greatly needed universal testing for mental health, substance use and dual disorders, but do they work well with all populations? Do they miss correct identification of certain groups?ObjectiveTo understand discrepancies in diagnostic prediction using the AC-OK screen in conjunction with other standardized assessment scales.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty-six Latino participants were recruited from primary care and community clinics in Madrid, Barcelona and Boston and assessed with standardized mental health and substance abuse measures including the AC-OK screen and with a Computerized adaptive test for mental health (CAT-MH). A measure of frequency of discrepancies and an adjusted and unadjusted comparison of results and demographic characteristics or respondents were made for mental health, substance abuse or for discrepancies in both categories.Results35.4% of cases were discrepant in mental health (AC-OK-Mental Health vs. Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 or PTSD Checklist) and 14.2% in substance abuse (AC-OK-substance abuse vs. drug abuse screening test or Alcohol use disorders identification test). When CAT-MH scale was incorporated, discrepant results were found in 24.3% and 14.2%, respectively. No association was found between substance abuse discrepancies and patient demographics. In logit regressions being from Barcelona, of younger age and male were significant predictors of discrepancies.ConclusionsDiscrepancies were observed in the diagnostic prediction, with differences detected for site and sociodemographic characteristics of participants suggesting the importance of testing screeners for site and population differences. Evidence for the misclassification of young males is discussed. Caution is warranted in the implementation of screeners for at risk populations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Emotional Regulation of Mothers Bringing Up Children With Burn Injury
Authors: Dovbysh D. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionBurn injuries occupy 11th place in the list of causes of infant mortality and 5th in the list of the most common non-fatal childhood injuries (WHO, 2014). The situation of getting a burn injury, prolonged hospitalization, painful medical procedures, the threat of a child's life results in mother's unusual and heavy emotional experience. Adequate processing of this experience will be an important factor in her future mental health. The study involved 35 mothers hospitalized with their children because of burn trauma.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of emotional regulation and emotional response of mothers bringing up children with burn injury.Goals(1) Describe the phenomenа of emotional regulation, found in mothers whose children have experienced a burn injury; (2) determine factors that cause appearance of special emotional phenomena among these mothers.MethodsСlinical interview, Beck Depression Inventory, State Trait Anxiety Inventor, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ).ResultsA significant numbers of mothers shows a high level of anxiety and depression, which may be predictive of the development of PTSD. The main cognitive strategies of emotion regulation – self-blame and disasterization are maladaptive. An important role played by unconscious strategy of emotion regulation, basically – situation selection and attentional deployment, as well as the social regulation of emotions: the availability of a good support from family members with adaptive strategies of emotional regulation, adequate reactions of other mothers in hospital associated with less emotional distress above mothers. There is no correlation between the severity of burn injury and the emotional response of the mother.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Preventing Attachment Disorder (Ad): Attachment-Focused Dyadic Group Therapy With Borderline Personality Disorder – and Former Ad – Mothers
Authors: Compés C. , Iniesta A. , Pereira V. , Martínez C. , Justo C. , Herrero M.E. 
Published: May 2016

Children with mothers with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have a high risk of developing attachment difficulties, and this risk is like to grow when their mothers experienced severe neglect and/or abuse in their childhood and early adolescence. Our objective was to clinically assess and lend support to a small group of young mothers at risk. We recruited mothers aged 18-25, with 1-12 month-old children. None was married, had a stable residence and sexual partner, and most were unemployed. All had early diagnosis of AD, had at present BPD, and had received extended global and residential psychiatric treatment in our Therapeutic Community (SIRIO Project) along their adolescence. We conducted six consecutive 4 h weekly sessions, which were attended by mothers with their babies in the familiar setting of the Community. The explicit aim proposed to them was: “to come to be listened and accompanied and to share their motherhood experiences” with members of our multidisciplinary team (nurse, social worker, therapeutic educator, psychologist and psychiatrist), who were known to them.Fears, somatizations, more-or-less concealed rejection of her baby, apathy, sadness, suspiciousness, jealousy, relational difficulties with their couples and family figures… were common findings that were addressed in the sessions.Main conclusionMinor but positive changes occurred in the dyadic mother-baby relationship. This was more patent concerning breastfeeding, relationships with their couple and extended family and pediatricians, and attitudes toward job seeking. In addition, the frequent contact with these mothers elicited markedly positive reactions in the 8-9 children/adolescents currently residing in our community.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sub-Types of Childhood Trauma Predicts Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in the General Population
Authors: Maric N. , Andric S. , Mihaljevic M. , Mirjanic T. , Pavlovic Z. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundUbiquitous negative emotional states such as depression, anxiety and stress in adulthood are related to individual life scenario, particularly influenced by exposure to environmental risk factors. Here, we investigated if sub-threshold negative emotional states in general population can be predicted by experience of trauma in the childhood.MethodA sample of 106 healthy young adult participants from Belgrade and surroundings (43.4% male, age 29.2 ± 6.6 years, mean IQ 106.4 ± 15.9) fulfilled Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) to identify emotional or physical abuse/neglect or sexual abuse. Present level of negative affectivity was measured by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to identify subtypes of trauma as predictors of the negative affectivity.ResultsMean CTQ and DASS scores were 31.2 ± 6.7 and 16.4 ± 16.8, respectively. An exposure to given risk factors in the past correlated significantly with intensity of the present negative affective states (r = 0.290, P = 0.004). For the prediction of anxiety, the most important traumatism subtypes were emotional abuse, emotional neglect and physical abuse (P = 0.001; 0.028; and 0.041, respectively). Depressive symptoms were predicted only by the emotional abuse in the past (P = 0.008).ConclusionBased on clinical samples, findings from the literature yielded greater risk for mood and anxiety disorders after exposure to emotional, in comparison to the physical trauma. We confirmed the same pattern of correlations in the healthy subject's sample, who had no history mental disorders. Evaluation of the interaction effects among emotional trauma and genotype is strongly recommended in the identification of subjects at risk and for the prevention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Applications of Classical and Traditional Folk Music in Psychiatric Settings
Authors: Giannouli V. , Syrmos N. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAlthough there is an augmenting interest for the applications of classical music in psychiatry, traditional folk music is not properly highlighted in the literature.ObjectiveIn this paper, we examine the possible benefits that psychiatric patients who attend music therapy in psychiatric settings may have when traditional folk music and/or classical music are used in the process of rehabilitation.MethodA literature search of the electronic databases was performed to identify relevant studies published before June 2015.ResultsA meta-analysis of the existing research revealed the positive influence of passive and active music listening on different groups of neurological and psychiatric patients’ anxiety, pain, tension and stress, and a series of cognitive and emotional changes that occur due to music interventions on patients and doctors alike. A general finding from the 700 diverse retrieved articles is that classical music has a positive influence on psychiatric patients. In contrast to that, there is scarce research for traditional music in psychiatric settings.ConclusionsMusic has a strong influence on psychiatric patients. Future research should focus on different questions such as how the knowledge of the varieties of the different types of (folk) music can enrich the music therapy in psychiatric settings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Factors Influencing Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help: Findings From A Multi-Ethnic Asian Population-Based Study
Authors: Picco L. , Abdin E. , Chong S.A. , Pang S. , Shafie S. , Vaingankar J. , Subramaniam M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionVarious socio-demographic variables have been shown to influence attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help (ATSPPH), while negative ATSPPH can act as a barrier to mental healthcare, resulting in under-utilization of psychological services.Aims and objectivesTo explore the factor structure of the ATSPPH scale and determine whether any significant socio-demographic differences exist in relation to ATSPPH among a nationally representative sample.MethodsData was extracted from a population-based, cross-sectional survey conducted between March 2014 and March 2015 among Singapore Residents aged 18-65 years (n = 3006). Respondents completed the 10-item ATSPPH scale and also provided socio-demographic information. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to establish the factor structure of the ATSPPH scale. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to examine socio-demographic factors associated with ATSPPH.ResultsEFA revealed that the ATSPPH scale formed three distinct dimensions comprising “Openness to seeking professional help”, “Value in seeking professional help” and “Preference to cope on your own”. Higher “Openness to seeking professional help” scores were significantly associated with 18-34-year-olds and unmarried respondents, whilst Malay ethnicity and lower education were significantly associated with lower openness scores. Malays, Indians and lower education were significantly associated with lower “Value in seeking professional help” scores, whereas higher “Preference to cope on your own” scores were significantly associated with lower education.ConclusionPopulation subgroups including those with lower educational levels and different ethnic groups have more negative ATSPPH. Tailored, culturally appropriate educational interventions which reduce negative ATSPPH are needed, which effectively target these populations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Dermatologists, Acne and Psychological Counseling
Authors: Rebelo-Neves C. , Amaral Dias C. , Torgal J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIn psychotherapeutic clinic, patients without visible marks of acne report this experience with great emotional charge, even when it occurred many years before.ObjectivesThis observation arose the interest in investigating the psychological impact of acne, which led us to find out what acneic subjects think of their disease, how they deal with it and, simultaneously, evaluate the beliefs of dermatologists on it. The present work is part of an investigation whose aim is to develop a program for the promotion of skills to deal with acne and its effects.MethodsThe inventory of beliefs, behaviours and treatment of acne – ICA – was developed through the content analysis of non-structured interviews to health care professionals and to patients with acne and/or who had it. This inventory was applied to a convenience sample (n = 367), to a university sample (n = 1666) and to a sample of 95 dermatologists – the 16 questions related to the beliefs on acne.ResultsWe found general agreement with some statements. Most respondents agree with a group of statements, though opinions are divided. Most respondents “disagree” or “disagree more than agree” with “…ingestion of chocolates or dairy products would cause acne”. Finally, there is no consensus about “…caused by the combination of psychological and hormonal factors”.ConclusionsFurther studies are needed, on the impact of acne in patient's quality of life. We also found great interest of promoting a close collaboration between dermatologists and psychology.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Positive Mental Health In Individuals With Mental Disorders
Authors: Vaingankar J. , Subramaniam M. , Abdin E. , Sambasivam R. , Jeyagurunathan A. , Seow E. , Pang S. , Picco L. , Chong S.A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionGiven the emphasis on inclusion of well-being interventions in the treatment and rehabilitation of individuals with mental disorders, it is important to understand the level and determinants of positive mental health (PMH) among them.ObjectiveTo conduct a cross-sectional study among patients with schizophrenia, depression and anxiety spectrum disorders to estimate PMH.Aims(i) To estimate the level of PMH among patients with mental disorders and compare these with the established general population estimates; (ii) to identify socio-demographic and clinical determinants of PMH.MethodsFollowing ethics approval, 353 patients aged 21-65 years, receiving treatment at a psychiatric hospital in Singapore for schizophrenia, depression or anxiety spectrum disorders were included. Patients provided socio-demographic information and completed the multidimensional PMH instrument that provides total and domain-specific scores ranging from 1 to 6; higher scores indicate better PMH. Functioning was assessed with the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale and clinical data were obtained from administrative databases.ResultsSample comprised 142, 139 and 72 patients with schizophrenia, depression and anxiety spectrum disorders respectively, with a mean age of 39.2 years. Mean total PMH scores among them were 4.2, 3.7 and 3.8 respectively which were significantly lower than the general population mean of 4.5 (P < 0.001). Patients of Chinese ethnicity, with lower education, depression or anxiety, and lower GAF scores were more likely to have lower PMH.ConclusionsThis study identified patient subgroups that are likely to have poorer PMH. Interventions facilitating PMH among these patient groups would be beneficial and are needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
To The Question of Destigmatization of Psychiatry and Mentally III Persons In The Modern Society
Authors: Vladimirova S. , Lebedeva V. , Gutkevich E. , Semke A. , Bokhan N. , Garganeeva N. 
Published: May 2016

In recent decades, new medications have been developed that entailed possibility of rehabilitation and socialization of mentally ill persons.PurposeTo consider a phenomenon of destigmatization of mentally ill persons on the example of the analysis of screening-questioning in mental health service.MethodsRandomized screening-questioning of participants of Open Doors Day in the clinics of Mental Health Research Institute (Tomsk, Russia) in connection with World Mental Health Day in October, 2015.ResultsOne hundred and forty-six residents of Tomsk and inhabitants of the Tomsk Region as well as other cities visited Mental Health Research Institute. 76,5% of them visited mental health service for the first time. More than a half of visitors (51%) was the most able-bodied age group – 20-50 years old; elderly people – 20%. According to many-year observation of authors of the work, there is a gradual destigmatization of people with mental health problems. Process of destigmatization will develop further, and mass media should also be engaged in it. One more moment should be emphasized – reduction of self-stigmatization. Though people do not still aim to seek for psychiatric help at the appropriate institutions (they prefer to visit the psychiatrist of the catchment area policlinic), they after all started recognizing presence of the problem, understanding the need of its overcoming, and possibility of its correction.ConclusionThe attitude of society towards people with mental health problems and towards psychiatry reasonably changes, and this promotes further development in the field of help to patients and their relatives.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A Phenotype Of Resiliency? Cross-Sectional Psychobiological Differences Between Caregivers Who Are Vulnerable vs. Resilient To Depression, And Controls
Authors: Bersani F.S. , Wolkowitz O. , Epel E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionBeing a caregiver of chronically ill children is a source of chronic-psychological stress affecting general physical and mental health. However, there is tremendous variance among caregivers: some may develop stress-related depression, whereas others are more “resilient”. The objective of the study was to phenotypically differentiate on psychobiology caregivers who developed depressive symptoms (“vulnerable”) vs. those who did not (“resilient”) from each other and from age-matched controls.MethodsForty-five mothers of chronically-ill children and 18 controls have been examined. Caregivers were divided via a median split of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale scores in “resilient” (RCs) and “vulnerable” (VCs). We assessed cognitive, affective, metabolic, neuroendocrine and oxidative markers at rest and in response to a laboratory social stressor. ANCOVAs and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to examine between-group differences.ResultsAlthough RCs compared to VCs had similar levels of objective parenting-related burden (P = 0.51), they had lower subjective distress (P < 0.01) and higher levels of positive affect (P = 0.04). Although RCs compared to controls had higher levels of objective parenting-related burden (P = 0.04), they had greater cortisol suppression post-dexamethasone (P = 0.05), lower F2-isoprostanes/vitamin E ratio (P < 0.01) and lower fasting insulin levels (P = 0.06).DiscussionOur results suggest that caregivers with higher resiliency demonstrate more salutary stress-related functioning in comparison with less resilient caregivers and, more surprisingly, non-caregiver controls. These findings might be interpreted in the spirit of Nietzsche's quote “What does not kill me, makes me stronger” and of the idea that successfully overcoming adversity may be more psychobiologically beneficial than not having been exposed to any adversity.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.