bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INDICADORES AMBIENTAIS NAS TRÊS MAIORES CIDADES DO AMAPÁ: MACAPÁ, SANTANA E LARANJAL DO JARI
Authors: Weiser Alice Agnes , Uliana Brenda Bezerra , Ferreira José Francisco de Carvalho 
Published: November 2015

Nos tempos que correm relegar as questões ambientais para segundo plano pode ter custos que não estejamos preparados para pagar, em um futuro não muito longe. Com este artigo pretende-se fazer uma leitura da importância do meio ambiente para as três maiores cidades do estado do Amapá (Macapá, Santana e Laranjal do Jari). São utilizados indicadores ambientais, compostos por várias variáveis, que cobrem um vasto rol de assuntos, como esgoto, resíduos sólidos urbanos, biodiversidade, gestão ambiental e qualidade do ar, retirados de fontes oficiais. Os resultados revelam o contrassenso de o Amapá ser um dos estados mais protegidos do Brasil, mas dar pouca atenção ao seu desempenho ambiental. Embora todos as variáveis precisem ser consideradas atentamente, é na água, esgoto e resíduos sólidos que a atenção deverá ser redobrada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Indicadores ambientais. Macapá. Santana. Laranjal do Jari. ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS IN THREE LARGEST CITIES OF AMAPÁ: MACAPÁ, SANTANA E LARANJAL DO JARI ABSTRACT In actual days relegate environmental issues into the background may have costs that we are not prepared to pay, in a future not too far away. With this article we intend to read the importance of the environment issues in the three largest cities in the state of Amapá (Macapa, Santana and Laranjal do Jari). Environmental indicators are used, consisting of several variables, covering a vast array of subjects such as sewage, solid waste, biodiversity, environmental management and air quality, drawn from official sources. The results reveal the nonsense of Amapá be one of the most protected states of Brazil, but pay little attention to their environmental performance. Although all the variables need to be considered carefully, it is in the water, sewage and solid waste that attention should be redoubled. KEYWORDS: Environmental Indicators. Macapá. Santana. Laranjal do Jari. INDICADORES AMBIENTALES EN LAS TRES MÁS GRANDES CIUDADES DEL AMAPÁ: MACAPÁ, SANTANA E LARANJAL DO JARI RESUMENEn los días que curren, relegar las cuestiones ambientales para según plan puede tener costos que no estamos dispuestos a pagar, en un futuro no muy lejano. Con este artículo se pretende hacer una lectura de la importancia del medio ambiente para las tres ciudades más grandes del estado de Amapá (Macapá, Santana y Laranjal do Jari). Se utilizan indicadores ambientales, que constan de varias variables, cubriendo una amplia gama de temas tales como aguas residuales, residuos sólidos, la biodiversidad, la gestión del medio ambiente y la calidad del aire, procedentes de fuentes oficiales. Los resultados revelan el absurdo de Amapá ser uno de los estados más protegidos de Brasil, pero se presta poca atención a su desempeño ambiental. Aunque todas las variables deben ser considerados cuidadosamente, es en el agua, aguas residuales y desechos sólidos que se debe redoblar la atención. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Indicadores Ambientales. Macapá. Santana. Laranjal do Jari.
ACCESIBILIDAD AL TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO: CONDICIONES DE ACCESO: EL AUTOMOVIL
Authors: Álvarez Diego Armando  Céspedes , Silva Fander de Oliveira 
Published: November 2015

En este artículo se procura analizar cómo el acceso al transporte público está condicionado al acceso, siendo unos de los puntos primordiales en la calidad de vida de las personas que se movilizan diariamente por los diferentes espacios. Además, se pretende descubrir cómo las políticas públicas pueden condicionar acciones para lograr avances importantes en la movilidad sustentable, asimismo cómo el acceso del transporte público puede determinar la inclusión social como medio de movilidad en el territorio Brasilero que ha sido influido en su organización territorial por el transporte privado (automóvil) en las últimas décadas, en particular este es un análisis de caso particularmente en Brasil. PALABRAS CLAVES: Accesibilidad, Movilidad, Transporte Público, Desplazamiento, Espacios Públicos. ACESSIBILIDADE AO TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO:CONDIÇÕES AO ACCESO: O AUTOMOVEL RESUMO Este artigo procura-se analisar como o acesso ao transporte público está condicionado ao acceso, sendo os mesmo uns dos pontos primordiais na qualidade de vida das pessoas que mobilizar-se diariamente por os diferentes espaços. Além se pretende descobrir como as políticas públicas podem condicionar ações para lograr avances importantes na mobilidade sustentável, assim mesmo como o acesso do transporte público pode determinar a inclusão social como médio de mobilidade no território brasileiro que há sido influído em sua organização territorial pôr o transporte particular nas últimas décadas, particularmente no Brasil. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Mobilidade, Acessibilidade, Transporte Público, Espaços Públicos. ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC TRANSPORT:CONDITIONS OF ACCESS: THE CAR ABSTRACTThis article seeks to analyze how access to public transportation is subject to the acceso, and the same one of the primary points in the quality of life of the people who mobilized daily for the different spaces. Besides if you want to find out how public policies can constrain actions to achieve significant advances in sustainable mobility, even as public transport access can determine the social inclusion as a means of mobility in Brazil there been influenced in their territorial organization put transport particularly in recent decades, particularly in Brazil. KEYWORDS: Mobility, Accessibility, Public Transport, Public Spaces.
Maurits Ebben, Margriet Lacy-Bruijn, and Rolof van Hövell tot Westerflier (eds.), Alba: General and Servant to the Crown
Authors: Hortal Muñoz José Eloy 
Published: November 2015

Maurits Ebben, Margriet Lacy-Bruijn, and Rolof van Hövell tot Westerflier (eds.), Alba: General and Servant to the Crown (Rotterdam: Karwansaray publishers, 2013, 464 pp., isbn 978 94 90258 08 5).
AUTHORIZED CAPITAL AS A RISK MANAGEMENT TOOL IN EMERGING ECONOMIES. THE CASE OF POLAND
Authors: Adamska Agata , Staszkiewicz Piotr 
Published: November 2015

Abstract: This paper addresses the strength of the incentives from both supervisors and market players to use authorized capital application as a risk management tool. The study contrasts the motivational factors for the financial market in transition and market supervisor. It analyses the interaction between motivation and the application of authorized capital as a risk management tool. We challenge the hypothesis that there is a weak statistical relationship between goodwill rates and the existence of authorized capital instruments for quoted companies and a weak statistical relationship between bank allowance and authorized capital instruments. Through the application of logit procedures to companies quoted on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, we conclude findings based on 386 listed and domiciled entities in Poland, as quoted on the of 30 December 2011. We conclude a semi-effective market suffers from efficiency in adoption of authorized capital as a risk management tool. We indicate that market forces are overridden by supervisory requirements; thus, the promotion of effective risk management tools is positively associated with regulator and supervisory activities.
DOES TIMING MATTER FOR THE DETERMINANTS OF IPO SHORT-TERM RETURNS? EVIDENCE FROM THE TOP EMERGING MARKETS
Authors: Lizińska Joanna , Czapiewski Leszek 
Published: November 2015

The study examined the short-term price behavior of initial public offerings (IPOs) of equities listed on the top emerging market exchanges during the period from 2005 to 2012. We investigated whether underpricing could be explained with models based on stakeholder rationality and those concerning behavioral factors. There were extremely high initial, two- and four-week returns in the three top emerging markets during the sample period. The results documented the existence of significant differences in IPO short-term returns between initial equity issues offered in hot- versus cold-and-neutral markets. It was also found that the amount of money left on the table during initial public offerings was related most to the uncertainty, signaling and timing proxies. The study showed that the explanations for high initial returns were, to some extent, influenced by IPO timing.
A multicenter prospective cohort study of volume management after subarachnoid hemorrhage: circulatory characteristics of pulmonary edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Obata Yoshiki , Takeda Junichi , Sato Yohei , Ishikura Hiroyasu , Matsui Toru , Isotani Eiji 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is often accompanied by pulmonary complications, which may lead to poor outcomes and death. This study investigated the incidence and cause of pulmonary edema in patients with SAH by using hemodynamic monitoring with PiCCO-plus pulse contour analysis.

METHODS
A total of 204 patients with SAH were included in a multicenter prospective cohort study to investigate hemodynamic changes after surgical clipping or coil embolization of ruptured cerebral aneurysms by using a PiCCO-plus device. Changes in various hemodynamic parameters after SAH were analyzed statistically.

RESULTS
Fifty-two patients (25.5%) developed pulmonary edema. Patients with pulmonary edema (PE group) were significantly older than those without pulmonary edema (non-PE group) (p = 0.017). The mean extravascular lung water index was significantly higher in the PE group than in the non-PE group throughout the study period. The pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) was significantly higher in the PE group than in the non-PE group on Day 6 (p = 0.029) and Day 10 (p = 0.011). The cardiac index of the PE group was significantly decreased biphasically on Days 2 and 10 compared with that of the non-PE group. In the early phase (Days 1–5 after SAH), the daily water balance of the PE group was slightly positive. In the delayed phase (Days 6–14 after SAH), the serum C-reactive protein level and the global end-diastolic volume index were significantly higher in the PE group than in the non-PE group, whereas the PVPI tended to be higher in the PE group.

CONCLUSIONS
Pulmonary edema that occurs in the early and delayed phases after SAH is caused by cardiac failure and inflammatory (i.e., noncardiogenic) conditions, respectively. Measurement of the extravascular lung water index, cardiac index, and PVPI by PiCCO-plus monitoring is useful for identifying pulmonary edema in patients with SAH.
“Asleep” deep brain stimulation for essential tremor
Authors: Chen Tsinsue , Mirzadeh Zaman , Chapple Kristina , Lambert Margaret , Dhall Rohit , Ponce Francisco A. 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) performed under general anesthesia (“asleep” DBS) has not been previously reported for essential tremor. This is in part due to the inability to visualize the target (the ventral intermediate nucleus [VIM]) on MRI. The authors evaluate the efficacy of this asleep technique in treating essential tremor by indirect VIM targeting.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed consecutive cases of initial DBS for essential tremor performed by a single surgeon. DBS was performed with patients awake (n = 40, intraoperative test stimulation without microelectrode recording) or asleep (n = 17, under general anesthesia). Targeting proceeded with standardized anatomical coordinates on preoperative MRI. Intraoperative CT was used for stereotactic registration and lead position confirmation. Functional outcomes were evaluated with pre- and postoperative Bain and Findley Tremor Activities of Daily Living scores.

RESULTS
A total of 29 leads were placed in asleep patients, and 60 were placed in awake patients. Bain and Findley Tremor Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire scores were not significantly different preoperatively for awake versus asleep cohorts (p = 0.2). The percentage of postoperative improvement was not significantly different between asleep (48.6%) and awake (45.5%) cohorts (p = 0.35). Euclidean error (mm) was higher for awake versus asleep patients (1.7 ± 0.8 vs 1.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.01), and radial error (mm) trended higherfor awake versus asleep patients (1.3 ± 0.8 vs 0.9 ± 0.5, p = 0.06). There were no perioperative complications.

CONCLUSIONS
In the authors’ initial experience, asleep VIM DBS for essential tremor without intraoperative test stimulation can be performed safely and effectively.
Age-Dependent Regulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier Influx/Efflux Equilibrium of Amyloid-β Peptide in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (3xTg-AD)
Authors: Do Tuan Minh , Dodacki Agnès , Alata Wael , Calon Frederic , Nicolic Sophie , Scherrmann Jean-Michel , Farinotti Robert , Bourasset Fanchon 
Published: November 2015

The involvement of transporters located at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been suggested in the control of cerebral Aβ levels, and thereby in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, little is known about the regulation of these transporters at the BBB in animal models of AD. In this study, we investigated the BBB expression of Aβ influx (Rage) and efflux (Abcb1-Abcg2-Abcg4-Lrp-1) transporters and cholesterol transporter (Abca1) in 3–18-month-old 3xTg-AD and control mice. The age-dependent effect of BBB transporters regulation on the brain uptake clearance (Clup) of [3H]cholesterol and [3H]Aβ1 - 40 was then evaluated in these mice, using the in situ brain perfusion technique. Our data suggest that transgenes expression led to the BBB increase in Aβ influx receptor (Rage) and decrease in efflux receptor (Lrp-1). Our data also indicate that mice have mechanisms counteracting this increased net influx. Indeed, Abcg4 and Abca1 are up regulated in 3- and 3/6-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, respectively. Our data show that the balance between the BBB influx and efflux of Aβ is maintained in 3 and 6-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, suggesting that Abcg4 and Abca1 control the efflux of Aβ through the BBB by a direct (Abcg4) or indirect (Abca1) mechanism. At 18 months, the BBB Aβ efflux is significantly increased in 3xTg-AD mice compared to controls. This could result from the significant up-regulation of both Abcg2 and Abcb1 in 3xTg-AD mice compared to control mice. Thus, age-dependent regulation of several Aβ and cholesterol transporters at the BBB could ultimately limit the brain accumulation of Aβ.
MicroRNA and mRNA Expression Changes in Steroid Naïve and Steroid Treated DMD Patients
Authors: Liu Da Zhi , Stamova Boryana , Hu Shengyong , Ander Bradley P. , Jickling Glen C. , Zhan Xinhua , Sharp Frank R. , Wong Brenda 
Published: November 2015

Background: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form of muscular dystrophy. Steroid therapy has clinical benefits for DMD patients, but the mechanism remains unclear. Objective: This study was designed to identify mRNAs and microRNAs regulated in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients prior to and after steroid therapy. Methods: Genome wide transcriptome profiling of whole blood was performed to identify mRNAs and microRNAs regulated in DMD patients. Results: The data show many regulated mRNAs and some microRNAs, including some muscle-specific microRNAs (e.g., miR-206), that were significantly altered in blood of young (age 3–10) DMD patients compared to young controls. A total of 95 microRNAs, but no mRNAs, were differentially expressed in older DMD patients compared to matched controls (age 11–20). Steroid treatment reversed expression patterns of several microRNAs (miR-206, miR-181a, miR-4538, miR-4539, miR-606, and miR-454) that were altered in the young DMD patients. As an example, the over-expression of miR-206 in young DMD patients is predicted to down-regulate a set of target genes (e.g., RHGAP31, KHSRP, CORO1B, PTBP1, C7orf58, DLG4, and KLF4) that would worsen motor function. Since steroids decreased miR-206 expression to control levels, this could provide one mechanism by which steroids improve motor function. Conclusions: These identified microRNA-mRNA alterations will help better understand the pathophysiology of DMD and the response to steroid treatment.
Orthopedic Management of Scoliosis by Garches Brace and Spinal Fusion in SMA Type 2 Children
Authors: Catteruccia Michela , Vuillerot Carole , Vaugier Isabelle , Leclair Danielle , Azzi Viviane , Viollet Louis , Estournet Brigitte , Bertini Enrico , Quijano-Roy Susana 
Published: November 2015

Background: Scoliosis is the most debilitating issue in SMA type 2 patients. No evidence confirms the efficacy of Garches braces (GB) to delay definitive spinal fusion. Objective: Compare orthopedic and pulmonary outcomes in children with SMA type 2 function to management. Method: We carried out a monocentric retrospective study on 29 SMA type 2 children who had spinal fusion between 1999 and 2009. Patients were divided in 3 groups: group 1-French patients (12 children) with a preventive use of GB; group 2-French patients (10 children) with use of GB after the beginning of the scoliosis curve; and group 3-Italian patients (7 children) with use of GB after the beginning of the scoliosis curve referred to our centre to perform orthopedic preoperative management. Results: Mean preoperative and postoperative Cobb angle were significantly lower in the group 1 of proactively braced than in group 2 or 3 (Anova p = 0.03; Kruskal Wallis test p = 0.05). Better surgical results were observed in patients with a minor preoperative Cobb angle ( r = 0.92 p <  0.0001). Fewer patients in the group 1 proactively braced required trunk casts and/or halo traction and an additional anterior fusion in comparison with patients in the group 2 and 3. Moreover, major complications tend to be less in the group 1 proactively braced. No significant differences were found between groups in pulmonary outcome measures. Conclusions: A proactive orthotic management may improve orthopedic outcome in SMA type 2. Further prospective studies comparing SMA management are needed to confirm these results. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors on jbjs.org for a complete description of levels of evidence (Retrospective comparative study).
The Impact of Pregnancy on Myotonic Dystrophy: A Registry-Based Study
Authors: Johnson Nicholas E. , Hung Man , Nasser Eriko , Hagerman Katharine A. , Chen Wei , Ciafaloni Emma , Heatwole Chad R. 
Published: November 2015

Background: The rate of symptom progression during pregnancy in myotonic dystrophy (DM) is not currently known. Further, there is little data regarding the rate of pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes in DM. Objective: This study assesses symptom progression and complication rates during pregnancy in women with DM. Methods: DM women completed surveys regarding their prior pregnancies. Participants identified complications during their pregnancies and completed the Myotonic Dystrophy Health Index-Short Form (MDHI-SF) to measure their disease burden and identify the severity of select symptoms six-months prior to, during, and six-months after their first pregnancy. Results: 152 women with DM reported on 375 pregnancies. Among these pregnancies, there was a 32.5% miscarriage rate. Some complications were common including: pre-term labor (27.8%), pre-eclampsia (10.4%), and peripartum hemorrhage (13.9%). Participants’ perception of their mobility and ability to perform activities, as measured by the MDHI-SF, worsened during pregnancy and did not recover during the post-partum period. Discussion: Miscarriage, maternal disease progression during pregnancy, and other pregnancy related complications may occur in DM. Women with DM should be counseled on these potential risks prior to considering pregnancy.
Comparison of Experimental Protocols of Physical Exercise for mdx Mice and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients
Authors: Hyzewicz Janek , Ruegg Urs T. , Takeda Shin’ichi 
Published: November 2015

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in the gene coding for dystrophin and leads to muscle degeneration, wheelchair dependence and death by cardiac or respiratory failure. Physical exercise has been proposed as a palliative therapy for DMD to maintain muscle strength and prevent contractures for as long as possible. However, its practice remains controversial because the benefits of training may be counteracted by muscle overuse and damage. The effects of physical exercise have been investigated in muscles of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice and in patients with DMD. However, a lack of uniformity among protocols limits comparability between studies and translatability of results from animals to humans. In the present review, we summarize and discuss published protocols used to investigate the effects of physical exercise on mdx mice and DMD patients, with the objectives of improving comparability between studies and identifying future research directions.
Night Activity Reduction is a Signature Physiological Biomarker for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Dogs
Authors: Hakim Chady H. , Peters Austin A. , Feng Feng , Yao Gang , Duan Dongsheng 
Published: November 2015

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked lethal muscle disease. Dystrophic dogs are excellent models to test novel therapies for DMD. However, the use of the dog model has been hindered by the lack of an effective method to evaluate whole-body mobility. We recently showed that night activity is a good indicator of dog mobility. However, our published method relies on frame-by-frame manual processing of a 12-hour video for each dog. This labor-intensive and time-consuming approach makes it unrealistic to use this assay as a routine outcome measurement. Objective: To solve this problem, we developed an automatic video-capturing/imaging processing system. The new system reduces the data analysis time over 1,000 fold and also provides a more detailed activity profile of the dog. Methods: Using the new system, we analyzed more than120 twelve-hour recordings from 12 normal and 22 affected dogs. Results: We observed similar activity profiles during repeated recording of the same dog. Throughout the night, normal dogs were in motion 10.4 ± 0.9% of the time while affected dogs were in motion 4.6 ± 0.2% of the time ( p <  0.0001). Further, normal dogs made significantly more movements ( p <  0.0001) while affected dogs rested significantly longer ( p <  0.0001) during the period of recording (from 6 pm to 6 am next day). Importantly, statistical significance persisted irrespective of the coat color, gender and mutation type. Conclusions: Our results suggest that night activity reduction is a robust, quantitative physiological biomarker for dystrophic dogs. The new system may be applicable to study mobility in other species.