bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-reported Hypoglycaemic Events in 2 430 Patients with Insulin-treated Diabetes in the German Sub-population of the HAT Study
Authors: Kern Werner , Holstein Andreas , Moenninghoff Christian , Kienhöfer Joachim , Riedl Matthias , Kulzer Bernhard 
Published: July 2017

AbstractData concerning true hypoglycaemic incidence in insulin-treated patients with diabetes in real-world clinical practice are lacking in Germany. The aim of this analysis was to determine the incidence of hypoglycaemia experienced by the German cohort of patients enrolled in the global Hypoglycaemia Assessment Tool (HAT) study. This was a non-interventional, 6-month retrospective and 4-week prospective study using self-assessment questionnaires and patient diaries assessing patients aged ≥18 years in Germany, with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (n=811) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n=1 619) treated with insulin for >12 months. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients experiencing ≥1 hypoglycaemic event during the prospective observational period (4 weeks after baseline). Predictive and continuous factors (such as age, gender, duration of insulin use and HbA1c) contributing to hypoglycaemia risk were explored.During the prospective period, at least one hypoglycaemic event was reported by 81.3% of patients with T1D and 39.7% of patients with T2D, indicating that hypoglycaemia is a common acute complication among patients with insulin-treated diabetes. Severe hypoglycaemia was reported by 9.1% of patients with T1D and 5.4% of patients with T2D. Higher rates of any and severe hypoglycaemia were reported prospectively than retrospectively, regardless of diabetes type, indicating that patients retrospectively under-report hypoglycaemia. Prospective rates (events per patient-year) of any, nocturnal and severe hypoglycaemia were 80.3, 9.9 and 3.0 for T1D and 15.6, 2.4 and 1.1 for T2D, respectively. Given the potential for recall bias in retrospective reporting, this prospective assessment of hypoglycaemia appears more reliable than retrospective assessment.
Trial number: NCT01696266
Embryo implantation evolved from an ancestral inflammatory attachment reaction
Authors: Griffith Oliver W. , Chavan Arun R. , Protopapas Stella , Maziarz Jamie , Romero Roberto , Wagner Gunter P. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Our data suggest that implantation in eutherians is derived from an ancestral inflammatory reaction to embryo attachment in the therian ancestor. These results explain the paradoxical role of inflammation at the beginning and the end of pregnancy in humans: Inflammation is necessary for implantation and parturition, but for most of pregnancy, inflammation threatens the continuation of pregnancy. We argue that the role of inflammation during implantation is an ancestral response to the embryo as a foreign body. By changing the way investigators think about implantation, we expect this research to contribute to new ways to study and treat implantation disorders, the most vulnerable step of assisted reproductive technology, in women.
Practice as a shared accomplishment
Authors: Brümmer Kristina , Alkemeyer Thomas 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Central to our paper is the sequential analysis of an episode from an acrobatics training session in which a novice learns to perform a somersault in cooperation with four other acrobats. We analyze the episode from a perspective mainly inspired by sociological practice theories. Our aim is to show how the novice is attuned to the demands of practicing the somersault in different qualification stages. We illustrate how in verbal, gestural as well as direct body-to-body interactions with the trainer and the other acrobats she is incrementally enabled to participate in and contribute to the shared bodily performance. By taking an approach of theoretical empiricism, we finally explore the ways in which our empirical findings call for a specification of practice theoretical concepts of the body by introducing the notion of a ‘lived-body-in-accomplishment’ and discuss their implications for a concept of intercorporeality.
Intercorporeality and interkinesthetic gestalts in handball
Authors: v. Wedelstaedt Ulrich , Meyer Christian 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In social theory, several concepts have been suggested for the description of the resources that actors employ to produce joint actions. Taking into account the fast pace and blind understanding genuine tor sportive interaction and avoiding behaviorist or intentionalist vocabularies, the chapter draws on the concept of “kinesthetic gestalts” (Bewegungsgestalten) that has been coined by a group of psychologists in the early 1930th in Leipzig, Germany. The chapter integrates the concept of kinesthetic gestalt into the ethnomethodological study of embodied practices to describe practices employed by handball players to produce a recognizable activity – i.e., resources to generate recognizable actions and resources to recognize the actions of others as actions of a specific kind. The goal of this chapter is to systematize team sports gestalts derived from empirical analysis. To do so, the chapter analyses a range of different situations and the formation of a variety of kinesthetic gestalts as they occur in handball. At the end of the chapter, we identify the particular social preconditions that are required for a team to be able to produce effective gestalts.
Sound joined actions in rowing and swimming
Authors: Schmitz Gerd , Effenberg Alfred O. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The present chapter introduces the method of sonification as a tool for studying intercorporeality and enactment. We show that auditory movement information can support motor perception as well as the control of movements, and explain these effects by mechanisms which are consistent with the enactment approach. Providing additional auditory information about a movement enables the acting individual as well as observers to perceive the movement in exactly the same way via audition. Thus, a sonification can establish a common percept for all interaction partners, which corresponds well to the concept of intercorporeality. Furthermore, we show that sonifications can be specifically designed to constitute a variety of frameworks for the analysis of interpersonal coordination and intercorporeality.
“It’s really strange when nobody is watching”
Authors: Woermann Niklas 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The artful practices of freestyle skiing present a paradox: despite the fact that freeskiing is a solo sport requiring no team interaction, freeskiers routinely refuse to practice their tricks if no other freeskiers are around to watch them. My contribution sets out to explain this riddle by showing how local congregations of skiers interactively assemble what I call a Spielraum – sites of watching and being watched within which mutual attunement and a shared teleoaffective tension enable athletes to perform dangerous and difficult tricks they would not dare or care to try on their own. Using video analysis and ethnographic data from four years of fieldwork in the German-speaking freeskiing scene, I demonstrate how spatial positioning, bodily posture, lines of sight and practices of seeing are artfully combined to unfold sites of athletic performance on inhabitable mountains. I show that the three ingredients of intercorporeality suggested by Meyer and v. Wedelstaedt are key preconditions for learning and performing freestyle skiing: mutual attention, a shared rhythm, and bodily tuning into others’ performance. Drawing on Heidegger as well as recent practice-based theories of space, I conceptualize the Spielraum of practices as the site within which enactive intercorporeality becomes possible – and which is in turn itself a product of enactive engagement.
Ways of relating
Authors: Müller Sophie Merit 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Participants of ballet classes relate to each other in various ways. Four practices are scrutinized here in particular – molding, mirroring, spacing and presenting. Through these, balletic bodies are fabricated. In each of these contexts, the relevant activities are distributed across several participants, and human bodies take part as very different “participation units” such as collaborating muscles and hands or visually connected movement displays. Drawing on ethnographic data, I argue that in order to understand what goes on “between” bodies, one must explore the practice-specific and situational ways of relating and the specific according involvements of bodies as parts of material culture.
Constructionism in historical writing
Authors: White Hayden 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Even though it is not a science in the modernist sense of the term, history remains foundational – a necessary presupposition – of modern social sciences. History serves as a paradigm referent for contrast with both abstract natural sciences and literary or artistic fictions. Indeed, history serves as the very antonym of fiction in discussions of the nature of a fact. And yet, history considered as a domain of events that are “real” rather than “imaginary,” can be shown on analysis to be as much “constructed” as “found” in the data it considers to be evidence of the reality of its referent (the past). Construction in historiography begins with the initial description of its referent as a historical phenomenon, moves on through the establishment of the “factuality” of this phenomenon and ends in the composition of a series of historical facts as a story. Stories are not pictures of reality or even representations thereof; they are presentations in fictional modes of an unobservable past treated as reality.
The discursive construction of reality in the context of rhetoric
Authors: Pujante David 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this chapter, I reflect on the rhetorical origins of the constructivist tradition and its current revival in this latter discipline. I begin with a brief history of the evolution of rhetorical thinking from its origin in antiquity, considering its subsequent conversion into a mere treatise on stylistic resources; this understanding of rhetoric would last for centuries in the West, and would lead it to its decline, until it later recovered during the twentieth century. Its development over the last hundred years is summarised on three levels: (1) restoration of the tradition inherited (inventory of tropes and figures of speech), (2) recovery of all five rhetorical operations and their political and social reuse and (3) configuration of constructivist rhetoric. This third level is my proposal. I define our understanding of the totality of discursive-rhetorical strategies, and the construction of diverse rhetorical speeches, as the way we make conscious our cognitive experiences.
Understanding social conflict
Authors: Ramírez Muñoz Simón 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Historically social conflicts, and in general human conflicts, have been considered as domains of reasoning, treating their solutions in the context of searching for the best explanations from the point of view of the supposition of an objective reality. In this manner, we human beings have failed to resolve social conflicts; at best we have changed their form. In this paper, I will deal with conflicts from an epistemological standpoint, which is grounded in an understanding of the biological-cultural matrix of the human existence.
Discourses of social movements in Southern Europe
Authors: Pujante David , Morales-López Esperanza 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this chapter, we analyse the 15M social movement, which occupied the public squares of Spain’s large cities on 15 May 2011 (hence its name of the 15M or the indignados movement). This group emerged in the wake of the anti-austerity movements in Iceland and Greece, and the Arab Spring. The main characteristic of the discourse of 15M, mainly found in its slogans, is its discursive-rhetoric creativity.
We base our analysis on the constructivist perspective, taking into account the socio-cognitive and pragmatic-rhetoric dimensions. Our main conclusion is that these slogans activated a new cognitive framework for interpreting the recent history of Spanish democracy, which was completely different from the version used by the status quo.
The typology of manner expressions
Authors: Akita Kimi 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The morphosyntax of manner expressions has attracted less attention than that of path expressions in the framing typology. Drawing primarily on experimental and quantitative data in Japanese and English, we propose and examine three parameters in the complex typology of manner expressions. It is argued that coarse-grained, event-inherent manners that the speaker does not intend to stress (e.g. normal running) are more likely to be realized in tight morphosyntactic constructions headed by manner verbs than fine-grained, event-concomitant manners that the speaker intends to stress (e.g. an annoying and characteristic shout of a jogger). The proposed parameters appear to share an iconic, communicative motivation that links pragmatic prominence with morphosyntactic prominence.
Expressing and categorizing motion in French and English
Authors: Hickmann Maya , Engemann Helen , Soroli Efstathia , Hendriks Henriëtte , Vincent Coralie 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Language-specific properties influence motion expression (Slobin 2004; Talmy 2000), but it is still debated whether they also influence non-verbal spatial cognition. We compare how English and French speakers perform three tasks involving motion events: non-verbal categorization based on cartoons during a dual task (articulatory suppression); verbal categorization involving target sentences; and descriptions of motion events. Descriptions show more manner expression in English and variation in both groups as a function of event properties. However, both groups frequently choose Path as categorization criterion, particularly in verbal categorization, but language effects do show that English speakers are more sensitive to event properties. Thus, typology has a strong impact on verbal cognition but also a partial influence on non-verbal cognition that must be taken into account in future research on the relation between language and thought.
The importance of minority languages in motion event typology
Authors: Ibarretxe-Antuñano Iraide , Hijazo-Gascón Alberto , Moret-Oliver María-Teresa 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Romance languages have been classified as verb-framed languages in Talmy’s typology (1991, 2000). However, it has been argued that languages with the same genetic affiliation and/or within the same typological group do not necessarily show the same behavior when it comes to describe motion events, that is, there is intratypological variation (see Goschler and Stefanowitsch 2013). This paper examines how speakers of Aragonese and Catalan, two Romance minority languages of Aragón (Spain), talk about motion based on data from the frog story. We conclude that there is no intratypological variation with respect to Manner of motion. As expected in verb-framed languages, both languages hardly describe this component either in detail or frequently. However, as far as Path is concerned, Catalan and, especially, Aragonese, can be regarded as high-path salient languages. Speakers describe this component in detail by means of pleonastic locative adverbial structures, complete path constructions, and adverbial pronouns.
The early life of borrowed path verbs in English
Authors: Huber Judith 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the Middle English period, a number of pure path verbs (e.g. enter, issue, descend, ascend) were borrowed from French and Latin into English. An analysis of the Old and Middle English motion verb inventory reveals that before this, pure path verbs hardly existed; an analysis of c. 1,000 Old and Middle English motion descriptions shows that path information is typically expressed outside the verb. The borrowed path verbs are therefore a new pattern in the Middle English system of talking about motion. By comparing their use in autonomous Middle English texts and in texts translated from French or Latin, I show that in autonomous texts, they are more restricted to non-literal motion (such as ‘descend from one’s ancestors’) and to specific types of literal motion, while in the translations, they are more freely used for general literal motion.
Verb-framed, satellite-framed or in between?
Authors: Stam Gale 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Crosslinguistic research on motion events shows that Spanish and English speakers have different patterns of thinking for speaking about motion in speech and gesture (Stam 2015). Spanish speakers express Path linguistically and gesturally with verbs, while English speakers express Path linguistically and gesturally with satellites. This chapter investigates whether a second language learner’s thinking for speaking patterns about motion continued to change in her L1 (Spanish) and L2 (English) over a 14-year period. The results indicate that the learner’s gestural expression of Path changed in both her L1 and L2, and her gestural expression of Manner changed in her L2. This change suggests that a pattern acquired in childhood may not be resistant to change after all (Slobin 1996).
How aging and bilingualism influence language processing
Authors: Rossi Eleonora , Diaz Michele 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Healthy non-pathological aging is characterized by cognitive and neural decline, and although language is one of the more stable areas of cognition, older adults often show deficits in language production, showing word finding failures, increased slips of the tongue, and increased pauses in speech. Overall, research on language comprehension in older healthy adults show that it is more preserved than language production. Bilingualism has been shown to confer a great deal of neuroplasticity across the life span, including a number of cognitive benefits especially in executive functions such as cognitive control. Many models of bilingual language processing have been proposed to explain bilingual language processing. However, the question remains open of how such models might be modulated by age-related changes in language. Here, we discuss how current models of language processing in non-pathological aging, and models of bilingual language processing can be integrated to provide new research directions.
Length of residence
Authors: Higby Eve , Obler Loraine K. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Among papers considering L2 performance, a subset take into account the length of residence (LOR) in the country where the L2 is spoken. In about half of these, LOR makes no difference for performance of at least one variable measured. Since those who reside in an L2 environment for many years tend to be older, the beneficial effects of longer LOR may at some point be counteracted by declines due to aging. This article draws on research in cognitive aging to consider how age could impact L2 performance. This is particularly important when investigating the effects of LOR or age of L2 acquisition since LOR, age of acquisition, and age at testing are linearly dependent variables, making conclusions based on any of these variables problematic. We argue that aging is a largely ignored confound in the literature on L2 attainment, particularly for studies that include older adults in their samples.
Individual differences in cognitive control advantages of elderly late Dutch-English bilinguals
Authors: Keijzer Merel C. J. , Schmid Monika S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study addresses a gap in the literature on executive function advantages among bilingual speakers by investigating a group of elderly, long-term, immersed bilinguals. Our participants are native Dutch speakers who emigrated to Australia as adults and have spent many years in that country. They are compared on a range of cognitive and linguistic measures to native Dutch and native English control groups. We argue that, due to the massive differences in the bilingual experience, group analyses may fall short of capturing the full picture. We argue instead for a more qualitative approach, which takes into account as detailed a picture of bilingual development, daily language habits and, in particular, code-switching habits as possible.
Bilingualism, cognitive reserve and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gold Brian T. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Increasing our understanding about neuroprotective lifestyle variables has become a practical imperative in our aging society. Cognitive reserve (CR) refers to the use brain resources in a way that allows for coping with neuropathology and maintaining cognitive functioning. A growing body of evidence suggests that bilingualism may represent a form of CR against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The purpose of the present review is to summarize both behavioral and neuroimaging evidence for bilingualism as a reserve variable against AD. The potential influences of literacy, intelligence, immigration status are discussed. Evidence is reviewed suggesting that bilingualism may delay clinical AD symptoms by protecting against age-related declines in the brain’s executive control circuitry. It is suggested that such potential beneficial effects within executive control systems may enable bilinguals to circumvent the typical effects of AD pathology on symptom expression for several years.
The effect of language skills on dementia in a Swedish longitudinal cohort
Authors: Ljungberg Jessica K. , Hansson Patrik , Adolfsson Rolf , Nilsson Lars-Göran 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Recent findings indicate that bilingualism delay the onset of dementia. Using data from the Betula longitudinal cohort study on memory, health and aging (www.betula.su.se) the issue of a possible protective effect of bilingualism was addressed.
Monolingual (n = 736) and bilingual (n = 82) participants (≥ 60 years) without dementia at inclusion were followed for incident dementia over a time-period up to 10 years. In total, 112 participants developed dementia. Analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for age, sex, and presence/absence of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele, with dementia outcome as the dependent variable.
Results showed no delayed onset of dementia in bilinguals compared to monolinguals. However, because of the findings from a study using participants from the same population showing beneficial longitudinal effects of bilingualism on episodic memory; we argue that our results may depend on the frequency of use of the second language after retirement.
Bilingualism, cognitive reserve, aging, and dementia
Authors: Chauvin Alexandre , Duncan Hilary D. , Phillips Natalie A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Research investigating the contribution of bilingualism to cognitive reserve has produced mixed findings. Previous reviews and commentaries have explored potential reasons for the inconsistent findings across studies, including language status, participant characteristics, and immigration-related variables. This chapter addresses several questions that have received relatively less attention. Specifically, in this chapter we aim to clarify the relationship between brain function and structure within a reserve framework (including data from our lab examining regional cortical thickness in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease). We also review the impact of bilingualism on memory functioning, and examine theoretical and practical issues (such as trajectory of change in cognitive function) surrounding the cognitive reserve hypothesis. We end by discussing the potential for -and practicalities of- using Big Data initiatives to contribute insight into the role of bilingualism in cognitive reserve and brain function.