bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reevaluating Order Effects in the Binaural Bithermal Caloric Test
Authors: Burnette Elizabeth , Piker Erin G. , Frank-Ito Dennis 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a significant order effect exists in the binaural bithermal caloric test.

Method
Fifteen volunteers (mean age = 24.3 years, range = 18–38 years) with no history of vestibular disorder, hearing loss, concussion, or neurological disease underwent caloric testing on 3 occasions. Irrigations were randomized using 8 possible order combinations. The parameters of interest included unilateral weakness, directional preponderance, total response from the right ear, and total response from the left ear.

Results
Order effects were analyzed using 2 methods. The first analysis was done looking at the 8 possible orders. We also had an a priori established hypothesis that the first irrigation tested would influence the calculation of unilateral weakness more than the other 3 irrigations. To test this hypothesis, the 8 orders were condensed into 4 order conditions based on the first irrigation. The effect of order was determined using analysis of variance tests. Although the first irrigation tended to be the largest, no significant effects were observed.

Conclusions
This experiment demonstrated that while there is great inter-individual and intra-individual variability in caloric test results, the order of irrigations had no significant effect in the test. Future studies may explore the effects of nonphysiological factors on test results.
Performance on Auditory and Visual Tasks of Inhibition in English Monolingual and Spanish–English Bilingual Adults: Do Bilinguals Have a Cognitive Advantage?
Authors: Desjardins Jamie L. , Fernandez Francisco 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
Bilingual individuals have been shown to be more proficient on visual tasks of inhibition compared with their monolingual counterparts. However, the bilingual advantage has not been evidenced in all studies, and very little is known regarding how bilingualism influences inhibitory control in the perception of auditory information. The purpose of the current study was to examine inhibition of irrelevant information using auditory and visual tasks in English monolingual and Spanish–English bilingual adults.

Method
Twenty English monolinguals and 19 early balanced Spanish–English bilinguals participated in this study. All participants were 18–30 years of age, had hearing thresholds < 25 dB HL from 250 to 8000 Hz, bilaterally (American National Standards Institute, 2003), and were right handed. Inhibition was measured using a forced-attention dichotic consonant–vowel listening task and the Simon task, a nonverbal visual test.

Results
Both groups of participants demonstrated a significant right ear advantage on the dichotic listening task; however, no significant differences in performance were evidenced between the monolingual and bilingual groups in any of the dichotic listening conditions. Both groups performed better on the congruent trial than on the incongruent trial of the Simon task and had significantly faster response times on the congruent trial than on the incongruent trial. However, there were no significant differences in performance between the monolingual and bilingual groups on the visual test of inhibition.

Conclusions
No significant differences in performance on auditory and visual tests of inhibition of irrelevant information were evidenced between the monolingual and bilingual participants in this study. These findings suggest that bilinguals may not exhibit an advantage in the inhibition of irrelevant information compared with monolinguals.
The supernova-regulated ISM
Authors: Väisälä M. S. , Gent F. A. , Juvela M. , Käpylä M. J. 
Published: January 2018

Context.Efforts to compare polarization measurements with synthetic observations from magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) models have previously concentrated on the scale of molecular clouds.Aims.We extend the model comparisons to kiloparsec scales, taking into account hot shocked gas generated by supernovae and a non-uniform dynamo-generated magnetic field at both large and small scales down to 4 pc spatial resolution.Methods.We used radiative transfer calculations to model dust emission and polarization on top of MHD simulations. We computed synthetic maps of column densityNH, polarization fractionp, and polarization angle dispersionS, and studied their dependencies on important properties of MHD simulations. These include the large-scale magnetic field and its orientation, the small-scale magnetic field, and supernova-driven shocks.Results.Similar filament-like structures ofSas seen in thePlanckall-sky maps are visible in our synthetic results, although the smallest scale structures are absent from our maps. Supernova-driven shock fronts andSdo not show significant correlation. Instead,Scan clearly be attributed to the distribution of the small-scale magnetic field. We also find that the large-scale magnetic field influences the polarization properties, such that, for a given strength of magnetic fluctuation, a strong plane of the sky mean field weakens the observedS, while strengtheningp. The anticorrelation ofpandS, and decreasingpas a function ofNHare consistent across all synthetic observations. The magnetic fluctuations follow an exponential distribution, rather than Gaussian characteristic of flows with intermittent repetitive shocks.Conclusions.The observed polarization properties and column densities are sensitive to the line-of-sight distance over which the emission is integrated. Studying synthetic maps as the function of maximum integration length will further help with the interpretation of observations. The effects of the large-scale magnetic field orientation on the polarization properties are difficult to be quantified from observations solely, but MHD models might turn out to be useful for separating the effect of the large-scale mean field.
The XMM Cluster Outskirts Project (X-COP): Thermodynamic properties of the intracluster medium out to R200 in Abell 2319
Authors: Ghirardini V. , Ettori S. , Eckert D. , Molendi S. , Gastaldello F. , Pointecouteau E. , Hurier G. , Bourdin H. 
Published: January 2018

Aims. We present the joint analysis of the X-ray and Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) signals in Abell 2319, the galaxy cluster with the highest signal-to-noise ratio in SZ Planck maps and that has been surveyed within our XMM-Newton Cluster Outskirts Project (X-COP), a very large program which aims to grasp the physical condition in 12 local (z < 0.1) and massive (M200 > 3 × 1014 M⊙) galaxy clusters out to R200 and beyond.
Methods. We recover the profiles of the thermodynamic properties by the geometrical deprojection of the X-ray surface brightness, of the SZ Comptonization parameter, and accurate and robust spectroscopic measurements of the gas temperature out to 3.2 Mpc (1.6 R200), 4 Mpc (2 R200), and 1.6 Mpc (0.8 R200), respectively. We resolve the clumpiness of the gas density to be below 20% over the entire observed volume. We also demonstrate that most of this clumpiness originates from the ongoing merger and can be associated with large-scale inhomogeneities (the “residual” clumpiness). We estimate the total mass through the hydrostatic equilibrium equation. This analysis is done both in azimuthally averaged radial bins and in eight independent angular sectors, enabling us to study in detail the azimuthal variance of the recovered properties.
Results. Given the exquisite quality of the X-ray and SZ datasets, their radial extension, and their complementarity, we constrain at R200 the total hydrostatic mass, modelled with a Navarro–Frenk–White profile at very high precision (M200 = 10.7 ± 0.5stat. ± 0.9syst. × 1014 M⊙). We identify the ongoing merger and how it is affecting differently the gas properties in the resolved azimuthal sectors. We have several indications that the merger has injected a high level of non-thermal pressure in this system: the clumping free density profile is above the average profile obtained by stacking Rosat/PSPC observations; the gas mass fraction recovered using our hydrostatic mass profile exceeds the expected cosmic gas fraction beyond R500; the pressure profile is flatter than the fit obtained by the Planck Collaboration; the entropy profile is flatter than the mean profile predicted from non-radiative simulations; the analysis in azimuthal sectors has revealed that these deviations occur in a preferred region of the cluster. All these tensions are resolved by requiring a relative support of about 40% from non-thermal to the total pressure at R200.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Healthy Individuals with Continuous Heparin Infusion
Authors: Williams Jonathan , Autori Paula , Kidd Stephen , Piazza Gregory , Connors Molly , Czeisler Charles , Scheuermaier Karine , Duffy Jeanne , Klerman Elizabeth , Scheer Frank , Kozak Marjorie , Driscoll Sheila , Goldhaber Samuel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe risk for developing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in healthy individuals is thought to be low, but monitoring recommendations remain controversial. Therefore, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify the incidence of thrombocytopenic events in a healthy research population exposed and re-exposed to continuous intravenous (IV) unfractionated heparin. The Division of Sleep Medicine and the Centre for Clinical Investigations at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, instituted a standardized platelet monitoring procedure for all research protocols that involved heparin to detect platelet count decreases. Protocol-related frequent blood sampling required use of continuous IV unfractionated heparin infusion (5,000 unit/L in 0.45% saline at 40 mL/h) to maintain line patency over extended periods of IV access. From the years 2009 to 2012, a total of 273 healthy volunteers enrolled in Sleep Medicine research protocols met study criteria as having been exposed and/or re-exposed to continuously infused intravenous heparin for at least 4 hours. The mean continuous heparin exposure time was 88 ± 82 SD hours with a total of 397 heparin exposure and re-exposure events. Platelet count measurements were obtained on 629 occasions, representing a range from 2 to 9 draws per participant. No platelet count decrease of more than 50% was detected. There were no detected adverse bleeding or thrombotic events. In this retrospective study of healthy volunteers involved in a rigorously applied inpatient platelet monitoring protocol, heparin exposure and re-exposure did not lower platelet concentration and, therefore, does not appear to be associated with increased risk of HIT in this population.
Surgical Accuracy of an Early Intervention Knee Implant Instrumentation System
Authors: Lowry Mike , Buza John , Liu James , Rosenbaum Heather , Lavery Jessica , Bosco Joseph , Walker Peter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAccuracy of component and limb alignment are critical parameters for the long-term success of unicompartmental knee implants. In this study, we performed a laboratory evaluation of an instrumentation system which was designed for an early intervention (EI) type of unicompartmental knee. The accuracy of fit was evaluated by implanting in 20 sawbones full leg models. The overall alignment of the limb was compared pre- and postoperatively. The accuracy of placement of each component on its bone was measured. The mean overall alignment angle in the frontal plane was within 1° of target with less than 1° standard deviation. The components were positioned in frontal and sagittal planes with maximum errors of 2°. The angular accuracy was better than in studies reported in the literature for manual instruments, and almost approached the accuracy of computer-assisted systems. The position of the femoral component in the recess was within 1 mm in most cases but the sagittal flexion angle was variable with a standard deviation of 6°. Evaluation of a surgical technique in this way was a valuable method for determining accuracy and for highlighting any deficiencies in the system which could then be corrected.
Acute Myocardial Injury in Association with Metformin Toxicity
Authors: Garg Ashish , Sánchez-Solano Nataly , Gorla Sudheer , Swaminathan Sethuraman 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMetformin is one of the most commonly used oral hypoglycemic agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Toxicity related to accidental or intentional ingestion of metformin is well reported in the pediatric literature. We report a case of transient acute myocardial injury documented by biochemical and electrophysiological evidences in an adolescent male who presented with intentional ingestion of a large dose of metformin. To our knowledge, this is the first such case of documented reversible myocardial injury in relation to metformin toxicity to be reported in the pediatric literature.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Inhibin B Levels in Obese Boys; Relations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Buyukinan Muammer , Atar Muge , Pirgon Ozgur , Kurku Huseyin , Erdem S. , Deniz Isa 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Objective Obesity may reduce sertoli cell functions in men. The aim of the study was to investigate antimullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B levels (sertoli cell markers) in obese boys and their relations to cardiovascular risk factors such as insulin sensitivity index, aortic intima media thickness (aIMT) and high sensitive c-reactive protein (hsCRP).
Patients, methods 121 obese and 38 healthy lean adolescents were included in the study. Serum AMH, inhibin B, gonadotropins, total testosterone, lipids, hsCRP, glucose and insulin levels were detected and analyzed. Insulin resistance was analyzed using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). aIMT was measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography.
Results Serum AMH, inhibin B and total testosterone levels were lower in the obese adolescents (p=0.01, p=0.009 and p=0.002, respectively). aIMT measurements (p<0.001, 0.63±0.09 and 0.47±0.06 mm, respectively) and hsCRP levels (p<0.001, 2.5±0.4 and 0.66±0.69 mg/L, respectively) were significantly increased in the obese group. Obese with IR group had decreased AMH levels (p=0.02, 53.0±20.5 and 66.7±19.5 ng/mL, respectively) and increased triglycerides, HOMA-IR, aIMT measurements than non-IR obese group. AMH levels were correlated negatively with body mass index (r:−0.108, p=0.03), HOMA-IR (r:−0.358, p=0.003) and fasting insulin levels (r:−0.389, p=0.001) in obese group with IR.
Conclusion We found that concentrations of both sertoli cell markers (AMH and inhibin B) were significantly lower in obese pubertal boys especially in obese with IR. Obesity and IR might be important factors for the sertoli cell impairment in pubertal boys.
Azoloazines as A2a receptor antagonists. Structure – activity relationship
Authors: Savateev Konstantin V. , Ulomsky Evgeny N. , Butorin Ilya I. , Charushin Valery N. , Rusinov Vladimir L. , Chupakhin Oleg N. 
Published: January 2018

Non-xanthine inhibitors of the adenosine A2a receptor of the azoloazine series are good candidates for use as drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and sepsis. This review systematizes and summarizes the structure – activity relationships in the series of triazoloazines, including annulated pyrimidines, pyrazines and triazines, as well as their tricyclic fused analogues. The above relationships for such systems are analyzed. The structures of the most efficient functional moieties from the point of view of affinity for the A2a receptor and selectivity for other types of adenosine receptors (A1, A2b, A3) are presented.
The bibliography includes 71 references.
Nanocomposites based on tubular and onion nanostructures of molybdenum and tungsten disulfides: inorganic design, functional properties and applications
Authors: Yu Polyakov Alexander , Zak Alla , Tenne Reshef , Goodilin Eugene A , Solntsev Konstantin A 
Published: January 2018

The review concerns the development and the state-of-the-art in studies on the surface modification methods aimed at fabricating promising nanocomposites based on multilayer inorganic tubular and onion (fullerene-like) MoS2 and WS2 nanostructures. The synthetic details and structural features of these materials are considered. Considerable attention is paid to targeted functionalization of molybdenum and tungsten disulfide nanostructures and to fundamental principles that underlie their ability to chemical interactions. The functional properties and applications of the obtained materials are described.
The bibliography includes 183 references.
Nanostructured silver sulfide: synthesis of various forms and their application
Authors: Sadovnikov Stanislav I. , Rempel Andrey A. , Gusev Aleksandr I. 
Published: January 2018

The results of experimental studies on nanostructured silver sulfide are analyzed and generalized. The influence of small particle size on nonstoichiometry of silver sulfide is discussed. Methods for the synthesis of various forms of nanostructured Ag2S including nanopowders, stable colloidal solutions, quantum dots, core – shell nanoparticles and heteronanostructures are described. The advantages and drawbacks of different synthetic procedures are analyzed. Main fields of application of nanostructured silver sulfide are considered.
The bibliography includes 184 references.
Relevance of packing to colloidal self-assembly
Authors: Cersonsky Rose K. , van Anders Greg , Dodd Paul M. , Glotzer Sharon C. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Understanding how structural order forms in matter is a key challenge in designing materials. In the 1920s, Pauling proposed packing as a mechanism for driving structural order based on observed correlations between the structure of crystals and the mathematical packing of hard spheres. We study the ordering of several systems of hard colloids in which structural order correlates with mathematical packing and find, surprisingly, that structural order cannot arise from packing. Our approach provides statistical mechanics approaches for investigating the mathematics of packing and raises questions about the role of packing in determining the structural order of matter.
Evidence that asymmetry of the membrane/cytoskeletal complex in human red blood cell ghosts is responsible for their biconcave shape
Authors: Hoffman Joseph F. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
The compositional basis for the biconcave shape of the human red blood cell is unknown. The present work used red blood cell ghosts, which retain the ability to become biconcave discs, which were centrifuged as spheres onto coated coverslips. It was found that during their centrifugation, they became oriented with a dense band located in an equatorial plane of the sphered ghost. When the ghosts were transformed into biconcave discs, they collapsed in place with the dense band in the rim. These shape changes were recorded microscopically. These results indicate that the biconcave shape depends on differences in the density between their rim and the dimple regions and specify that the underlying cytoskeletal complex is asymmetrically distributed.
Sexual Dimorphism of Resting-State Network Connectivity in Healthy Ageing
Authors: Jamadar Sharna D , Sforazzini Francesco , Raniga Parnesh , Ferris Nicholas J , Paton Bryan , Bailey Michael J , Brodtmann Amy , Yates Paul A , Donnan Geoffrey A , Ward Stephanie A , Woods Robyn L , Storey Elsdon , McNeil John J , Egan Gary F ,   ASPREE Investigator Group
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe onset of many illnesses is confounded with age and sex. Increasing age is a risk factor for the development of many illnesses, and sexual dimorphism influences brain anatomy, function, and cognition. Here, we examine frequency-specific connectivity in resting-state networks in a large sample (n = 406) of healthy aged adults.MethodWe quantify frequency-specific connectivity in three resting-state networks known to be implicated in age-related decline: the default mode, dorsal attention, and salience networks, using multiband functional magnetic resonance imaging. Frequency-specific connectivity was quantified in four bands: low (0.015–0.027 Hz), moderately low (0.027–0.073 Hz), moderately high (0.073–0.198 Hz), and high (0.198–0.5 Hz) frequency bands, using mean intensity and spatial extent. Differences in connectivity between the sexes in each of the three networks were examined.ResultsEach network showed the largest intensity and spatial extent at low frequencies and smallest extent at high frequencies. Males showed greater connectivity than females in the salience network. Females showed greater connectivity than males in the default mode network.DiscussionResults in this healthy aged cohort are compatible with those obtained in young samples, suggesting that frequency-specific connectivity, and differences between the sexes, are maintained into older age. Our results indicate that sex should be considered as an influencing factor in studies of resting-state connectivity.
Sources of variation in stomach contents of predators of Atlantic herring in the Northwest Atlantic during 1973–2014
Authors: Deroba Jonathan J 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSpatial and temporal variation in stomach-contents data is often unquantified or combined in such a way (e.g. averaged among years) that true signal in diets may be lost. Using a delta approach, this paper fits generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to the amount of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) identified in predator stomachs using only data from stomachs in which herring occurred, and to the probability that a stomach contained herring. Both the amount of herring in stomachs and the probability of a stomach containing herring varied seasonally, spatially, and among years. Of the random effects in each GAMM, the effect of predator species had the largest variance. An index of herring abundance derived from the stomach-contents data was generally consistent with recent herring stock assessments. The temporal and spatial variation in the stomach-contents data suggested that the effect of averaging or combining stomach-contents data among years, seasons, or areas may lead to falsely precise or biased estimates from multispecies assessments or in estimates of consumption, and may restrain the relevance of static foodweb models.
Time Course of C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin Levels During the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin Infections
Authors: Jenkins Timothy C , Haukoos Jason S , Cotton Eleanor , Weitzenkamp David , Frank Daniel N , Burman William J 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In a pilot study of 22 patients with an acute bacterial skin infection, serum levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin tended to be elevated at presentation and declined within 3–5 days of treatment. Further study of a biomarker-guided treatment strategy to reduce antibiotic overuse in skin infections is warranted.