bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MAMCABM framework for the evaluation of mobility decision‐making problems: theory and practice
Authors: Huang He , Sun Shiqi , Mommens Koen , Macharis Cathy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the constantly evolving transportation and mobility industry, objective and reliable decision‐support systems (DSS) are crucial for addressing complex issues such as transit planning, mode selection, and policy formulation. This paper presents multiactor multicriteria analysis plus agent‐based modeling (MAMCABM), a novel framework that combines multiactor multicriteria analysis (MAMCA) and agent‐based modeling (ABM) to provide a comprehensive DSS. MAMCA excels in facilitating stakeholder‐centric evaluations, while ABM, enhanced by data analytics, adeptly models intricate, interactive systems. The combination of MAMCA and ABM enhances adaptability and precision in decision making. This integration utilizes data analytics and optimization algorithms to provide solutions that consider multifaceted criteria and diverse stakeholder perspectives in dynamic and uncertain contexts. The study outlines the mathematical underpinnings of MAMCABM and offers a practical guide for its implementation. The framework's efficacy is demonstrated through an empirical investigation that addresses mobility challenges in the Brussels Capital Region of Belgium. Compared to the previous study, this approach leverages simulated quantitative data alongside qualitative judgments from stakeholders. The integration of a consensus‐reaching algorithm further enhances the robustness of outcomes and effectively addresses uncertainties.
A Predictive Model of Pressure Injury in Children Undergoing Living Donor Liver Transplantation Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Chen Xiaomei , Tang Shi , Qin Yanwen , Zhou Sui , Zhang Lina , Huang Yile , Chen Zheying 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThe aim of our study was to formulate and validate a prediction model using machine learning algorithms to forecast the risk of pressure injuries (PIs) in children undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).DesignA retrospective cohort study.MethodsThe research was carried out at China's largest paediatric liver transplantation centre. A total of 438 children who underwent LDLT between June 2021 and December 2022 constituted the study cohort. The dataset was partitioned randomly into 70% for training datasets (306 cases) and 30% for testing datasets (132 cases). Utilising four machine learning algorithms—Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree and eXtreme Gradient Boosting—we identified risk factors and constructed predictive models.ResultsOut of 438 children, 42 developed PIs, yielding an incidence rate of 9.6%. Notably, 94% of these cases were categorised as Stage 1, and 54% were localised on the occiput. Upon evaluating the four prediction models, the Decision Tree model emerged as the most effective. The primary contributors to pressure injury in the Decision Tree model were identified as operation time, intraoperative corticosteroid administration, preoperative skin protection measures and preoperative skin conditions. A visualisation elucidating the logical inference process for the 10 variables within the Decision Tree model was presented. Ultimately, based on the Decision Tree model, a predictive system was developed.ConclusionMachine learning algorithms facilitate the identification of crucial factors, enabling the creation of an effective Decision Tree model to forecast pressure injury development in children undergoing LDLT.ImpactWith this predictive model at their disposal, nurses can assess the pressure injury risk level in children more intuitively. Subsequently, they can implement tailored preventive strategies to mitigate the occurrence of PIs.Patient or Public ContributionPaediatric patients contributed electronic health records datasets.
A hypothesis on treatment strategy of severe multicentric Castleman disease with continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Constantinescu Cătălin , Kegyes David , Tigu Bogdan , Moisoiu Vlad , Grăjdieru Olga , Szekely Andrea , Terpos Evangelos , Tomuleasa Ciprian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCastleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder, with non‐specific clinical manifestations, often delayed diagnosis and treatment, which pose a significant challenge in the present times. Patients diagnosed with this disease have poor prognosis due to the limited treatment options. Multicentric CD occurs at multiple lymph node stations and is associated with a proinflammatory response that leads to the development of the so‐called ‘B symptoms’. IL‐6 seems to be a key cytokine involved in various manifestations such as lymphadenopathies, hepatosplenomegaly, and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Its levels correlate with the activity of the disease. Other consequences of MCD include increased fibrinogen levels leading to deep vein thrombosis and thromboembolic disorders, high hepcidin levels causing anaemia, elevated VEGF levels promoting angiogenesis and vascular permeability, which, along with hypoalbuminemia, induce oedema, ascites, pleural and pericardial effusions, and in severe cases, generalized anasarca. In extreme cases multiple organ failure can occur, often resulting in death. We propose the use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in managing severe multicentric CD. Our arguments are based on the principles that CRRT is able to remove IL‐6 from circulation thus attenuating the cytokine storm, can influence hepcidin levels, and reduction in oedema, and is often used in multiple organ failure to regain homeostasis control. Therefore, it could be used as a therapy or bridge therapy in severe cases. To sustain our hypothesis with evidence, we have gathered several studies from the literature confirming the successful removal of cytokines, especially IL‐6 from circulation, which can be used as a starting point.
Evaluation of the Let's Focus! (Posem el Focus) Socioeducational Intervention: Promoting Healthy and Equitable Relationships in High Schools
Authors: Forcadell‐Díez Lluís , Pérez‐Martínez Vanesa , Guitart Elisabeth , Sanz‐Barbero Belén , Vives‐Cases Carmen , López María José , Juárez Olga , Pérez Glòria 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONGender‐based violence is a worldwide problem. School‐based socio‐educational interventions could be effective in preventing gender‐based violence. We assessed the effectiveness of the Let's focus! program, aimed at health and equitable interpersonal relationships among high school students.METHODSWe conducted a quasi‐experimental study in an intervention group (IG, n = 560) and a comparison group (CG, n = 366) of secondary school students in Terrassa, Spain between 2019 and 2021. Specifically, we performed an online questionnaire on sexism, acceptance of violence and machismo at baseline and after the intervention. We calculated multivariate linear regression models including satisfaction with the intervention, to evaluate the change in the variables' mean between CG and IG.RESULTSIn comparison to the CG, in the IG hostile and benevolent sexism, and acceptance of violence decreased from baseline to after‐intervention, in the group of participants highly satisfied with the intervention (42.4%); machismo did not vary. The multivariate regression analyses showed that the intervention was effective in reducing hostile sexism (β = −6.40; CI95% (−11.92; −0.88)), benevolent sexism (β = −5.57; CI95% (−10.52;−0.61)), and acceptance of violence (β = −4.79; CI95% (−9.50; −0.09)) in highly satisfied students from the IG, in comparison to the ones from the CG, regardless of their age or gender.DISCUSSIONLet's Focus! was effective in reducing sexism and decreasing acceptance of violence among students that were highly satisfied with the intervention.
Accommodation, translanguaging, and (in)discreteness in the repertoire: A scalar‐chronotopic approach
Authors: Al‐Alawi Wafa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA shift from understanding languages as discrete towards understanding them as undifferentiated features in the repertoire has caused disagreements over the reality of linguistic boundaries. In this paper, I show how a middle‐ground approach is achievable by applying the complex workings of a scalar‐chronotopic lens to the discourse of bilingual/multidialectal Bahrainis. I argue that both perspectives on (in)discreteness become relevant in accounting for bi/multilingual subjectivities: at times, Arabic is idealized as a large‐scale code against English, whereas at other times, the intrusiveness of English is backgrounded to show affiliation for one Arabic variety over another. I show accommodation in communication as a spatiotemporally layered process, where the internalized contextual factors within the repertoire may overlap with or take precedence over the immediate context. As such, this paper adds to the question of linguistic discreteness, with implications for our understanding of the repertoire and its utility in bi/multilingual practices and accommodation theory.
The risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes and its impact on clinical effect in IgA nephropathy: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Zhang Fengxia , Xie Zhiyong , Peng Siqi , Jiang Nan , Li Bohou , Chen Boxi , Deng Shuting , Yuan Ye , Wu Qiong , Wen Sichun , Tao Yiming , Ma Jianchao , Li Sijia , Lin Ting , Wen Feng , Li Zhuo , Huang Renwei , Feng Zhonglin , He Chaosheng , Wang Wenjian , Liang Xinling , Xu Lixia , Shen Yue , Hong Niechao , Xu Ruiquan , Liu Shuangxin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimIgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide. Pregnant IgAN patients are more susceptible to adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). However, the risk factor for APO and its effects on the long‐term renal outcome of pregnant IgAN patients remained unclear.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational study covering 2003–2019 that included 44 female IgAN patients with pregnancy history to investigate the risk factor for APO and its impact on clinical outcome in IgAN. Renal function outcome and proteinuria remission were evaluated in pregnant IgAN women with and without APO.ResultsIn this retrospective and observational study, we found that patients with APO exhibited higher levels of serum creatinine and IgM, and lower haemoglobin levels while other clinical characteristics, pathological characteristics and therapy protocol had no significant difference. We found that anaemia and a higher level of serum IgM were independent risk factors for APO. IgAN pregnant women without APO experienced a higher proportion of proteinuria remission than those with APO, but there is no difference in the renal function outcome.ConclusionPregnant IgAN patients with higher risks, including lower haemoglobin levels and higher IgM levels deserve intensive monitoring, and aggressive therapy to reduce proteinuria should be carried out in pregnant IgAN patients with APO.image
A Bamboo HD‐Zip Transcription Factor PeHDZ72 Conferred Drought Tolerance by Promoting Sugar and Water Transport
Authors: Zhu Chenglei , Lin Zeming , Liu Yan , Li Hui , Di Xiaolin , Li Tiankuo , Wang Jiangfei , Gao Zhimin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDrought drastically affects plant growth, development and productivity. Plants respond to drought stress by enhancing sugar accumulation and water transport. Homeodomain‐leucine zipper (HD‐Zip) transcription factors (TFs) participate in various aspects of plant growth and stress response. However, the internal regulatory mechanism of HD‐Zips in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified an HD‐Zip member, PeHDZ72, which was highly expressed in bamboo shoots and roots and was induced by drought. Furthermore, PeSTP_46019, PeSWEET_23178 and PeTIP4‐3 were identified as downstream genes of PeHDZ72 in moso bamboo by DAP‐seq. The expressions of these three genes were all induced by drought stress. Y1H, DLR and GUS activity assays demonstrated that PeHDZ72 could bind to three types of HD‐motifs in the promoters of these three genes. Overexpression of PeHDZ72 led to a remarkable enhancement in drought tolerance in transgenic rice, with significantly improved soluble sugar and sucrose contents. Meanwhile, the expressions of OsSTPs, OsSWEETs and OsTIP were all upregulated in transgenic rice under drought stress. Overall, our results indicate that drought stress might induce the expression of PeHDZ72, which in turn activated downstream genes PeSTP_46019, PeSWEET_23178 and PeTIP4‐3, contributing to the improvement of cellular osmotic potential in moso bamboo in response to drought stress.
Photoexcited Cryptochrome 1 Interacts With SPCHLESS to Regulate Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chen Li , Cao Xiaoli , Li Yupeng , Liu Minqing , Liu Yao , Guan Yan , Ruan Jiaqi , Mao Zhilei , Wang Wenxiu , Yang Hong‐Quan , Guo Tongtong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTStomata are epidermal openings that facilitate plant−atmosphere gas and water exchange during photosynthesis, respiration and water evaporation. SPEECHLESS (SPCH) is a master basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor that determines the initiation of stomatal development. It is known that blue light promotes stomatal development through the blue light photoreceptor cryptochromes (CRYs, CRY1 and CRY2). Whether CRYs regulate stomatal development through directly modulating SPCH is unknown. Here, we demonstrate by biochemical studies that CRY1 physically interacts with SPCH in a blue light‐dependent manner. Genetic studies show that SPCH acts downstream of CRY1 to promote stomatal development in blue light. Furthermore, we show that CRY1 enhances the DNA‐binding activity of SPCH and promotes the expression of its target genes in blue light. These results suggest that the mechanism by which CRY1 promotes stomatal development involves positive regulation of the DNA‐binding activity of SPCH, which is likely mediated by blue light‐induced CRY1−SPCH interaction. The precise regulation of SPCH DNA‐binding activity by CRY1 may allow plants to optimize stomatal density and pattern according to ambient light conditions.
Molecular Regulation of Shoot Architecture in Soybean
Authors: Hou Zhihong , Huang Huan , Wang Yanan , Chen Liyu , Yue Lin , Liu Baohui , Kong Fanjiang , Yang Hui 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSoybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) serves as a major source of protein and oil for humans and animals. Shoot architecture, the spatial arrangement of a plant's above‐ground organs, strongly affects crop yield and is therefore a critical agronomic trait. Unlike wheat and rice crops that have greatly benefitted from the Green Revolution, soybean yield has not changed significantly in the past six decades owing to its unique shoot architecture. Soybean is a pod‐bearing crop with pods adhered to the nodes, and variation in shoot architecture traits, such as plant height, node number, branch number and number of seeds per pod, directly affects the number of pods and seeds per plant, thereby determining yield. In this review, we summarize the relationship between soybean yield and these major components of shoot architecture. We also describe the latest advances in identifying the genes and molecular mechanisms underlying soybean shoot architecture and discuss possible directions and approaches for breeding new soybean varieties with ideal shoot architecture and improved yield.
Tree Longevity: Multifaceted Genetic Strategies and Beyond
Authors: Liu Sian , Xu Huimin , Wang Guibin , Jin Biao , Cao Fuliang , Wang Li 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTOld trees are remarkable for their ability to endure for centuries or even millennia, acting as recordkeepers of historical climate and custodians of genetic diversity. The secret to their longevity has long been a subject of fascination. Despite the challenges associated with studying old trees, such as massive size, slow growth rate, long lifespan and often remote habitat, accumulating studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying tree aging and longevity over the past decade. The recent publication of high‐quality genomes of long‐lived tree species, coupled with research on stem cell function and secondary metabolites in longevity, has brought us closer to unlocking the secrets of arboreal longevity. This review provides an overview of the global distribution of old trees and examines the environmental and anthropogenic factors that shape their presence. We summarize the contributions of physiological characteristics, stem cell activity, and immune system responses to their extraordinary longevity. We also explore the genetic and epigenetic ‘longevity code’, which consists of resistance and defense genes, DNA repair genes and patterns of DNA methylation modification. Further, we highlight key areas for future research that could enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying tree longevity.
A severe case of reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption associated with two possible triggers: Coronavirus and group A streptococcus
Authors: Rodriguez Ivan , Kwong Andrew T. , Luu Minnelly , Worswick Scott D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) is a newly defined condition characterized by mucocutaneous blistering secondary to upper respiratory infections and encompasses Mycoplasma pneumoniae‐induced rash and mucositis, broadening the disease spectrum to include various infectious etiologies. We present a severe RIME case involving a 5‐year‐old female with concurrent coronavirus NL63 and group A streptococcus infections. Diagnosis complexity stemmed from overlapping clinical features with other severe mucocutaneous eruptions such as Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis/drug‐induced necrolysis. This case underscores the need for comprehensive infectious workup and emphasizes the clinical diagnostic spectrum of drug‐induced and infection‐induced desquamative skin and mucosal disease.
Comparing Cadence vs. Machine Learning Based Physical Activity Intensity Classifications: Variations in the Associations of Physical Activity With Mortality
Authors: Wei Le , Ahmadi Matthew N. , Biswas Raaj Kishore , Trost Stewart G. , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTStep cadence‐based and machine‐learning (ML) methods have been used to classify physical activity (PA) intensity in health‐related research. This study examined the association of intensity‐specific PA duration with all‐cause (ACM) and CVD mortality using the cadence‐based and ML methods in 68 561 UK Biobank participants wearing wrist‐worn accelerometers. The two‐stage‐ML method categorized activity type and then intensity. The one‐level‐cadence‐method (1LC) derived intensity‐specific duration using all detected steps (including standing utilitarian steps) and cadence thresholds of ≥100 steps/min (moderate intensity) and ≥130 steps/min (vigorous intensity). The two‐level‐cadence‐method (2LC) detected ambulatory steps (i.e., walking and running) and then applied the same cadence thresholds. The 2LC exhibited the most pronounced association at the lower end of duration spectrum. For example, the 2LC showed the smallest minimum moderate‐to‐vigorous‐PA (MVPA) duration (amount associated with 50% of optimal risk reduction) with similar corresponding ACM hazard ratio (HR) to other methods (2LC: 2.8 min/day [95% CI: 2.6, 2.8], HR: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.78, 0.88]; 1LC, 11.1[10.8, 11.4], 0.80 [0.76, 0.85]; ML, 14.9 [14.6, 15.2], 0.82 [0.76, 0.87]). The ML elicited the greatest mortality risk reduction. For example, the medians and corresponding HR in VPA‐ACM association: 2LC, 2.0 min/day [95% CI: 2.0, 2.0], HR, 0.69 [95% CI: 0.61, 0.79]; 1LC, 6.9 [6.9, 7.0], 0.68 [0.60, 0.77]; ML, 3.2 [3.2, 3.2], 0.53 [0.44, 0.64]. After standardizing durations, the ML exhibited the most pronounced associations. For example, the standardized minimum durations in MPA‐CVD mortality association were: 2LC, −0.77; 1LC, −0.85; ML, −0.94; with corresponding HR of 0.82 [0.72, 0.92], 0.79 [0.69, 0.90], and 0.77 [0.69, 0.85], respectively. The 2LC exhibited the most pronounced association with all‐cause and CVD mortality at the lower end of the duration spectrum. The ML method provided the most pronounced association with all‐cause and CVD mortality, thus might be appropriate for estimating health benefits of moderate and vigorous intensity PA in observational studies.
Implementation challenges of electronic blood transfusion safety systems: Lessons from an international, multi‐site comparative case study
Authors: Horck Stijn , Fahy Nick , Greenhalgh Trisha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSevere transfusion reactions resulting from errors in matching the correct blood with the correct patient are considered never events. Despite the relative technical simplicity of barcode scanning for patient‐blood bag matching, the adoption and universal application of this safety measure are by no means universal. This study highlights the logistical and institutional challenges associated with spreading, scaling up, and sustaining such IT‐supported safety measures in healthcare.Study Design and MethodsWe report findings from a 5‐year, prospective, multi‐site case study conducted across one hospital in England and three hospitals in the Netherlands. Ethnographic methods, including interviews and observations, were used at each site to investigate the implementation of barcode scanning‐supported safety pathways for blood transfusions.ResultsSignificant variation was observed across the sites in the adoption and implementation of barcode scanning‐supported safety pathways. Despite the potential for reducing transfusion errors, the introduction of this innovation was met with varying levels of success in different settings.DiscussionThis study highlights the critical role of inter‐hospital learning and flexible system design in successfully implementing barcode scanning‐supported safety pathways for blood transfusions. A more structured, national‐level network for knowledge sharing could enhance the spread and sustainability of such innovations across healthcare settings.
On finite generation in magnitude (co)homology and its torsion
Authors: Caputi Luigi , Collari Carlo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to apply the framework developed by Sam and Snowden to study structural properties of graph homologies, in the spirit of Ramos, Miyata and Proudfoot. Our main results concern the magnitude homology of graphs introduced by Hepworth and Willerton, and we prove that it is a finitely generated functor (on graphs of bounded genus). More precisely, for graphs of bounded genus, we prove that magnitude cohomology, in each homological degree, has rank which grows at most polynomially in the number of vertices, and that its torsion is bounded. As a consequence, we obtain analogous results for path homology of (undirected) graphs.