bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase of Exports as a Potential Factor for Sustainable Economic Development of Kosovo
Authors: Badivuku - Pantina Dr.Sc. Myrvete , Ahmeti Dr.Sc. Skender , Shkodra MSc. Nexhat 
Published: August 2016

Kosovo as the newest state in the region, in the economic aspect represents an economic complex with considerable potential of human, economic and demographic resources, having an open economy and entirely Euro integrated, with the central position in Balkan Peninsula. As a new state Kosovo is going through a transition phase and is found in an unsatisfactory position, therefore a serious professional intervention by the competent mechanisms is necessary towards finding an adequate solution which enables a speedier economic, social and cultural development, thus accessing into economic and political integrations in the region and in Europe. Kosovo economy during 2012 was characterised by a positive norm of growth. The real norm of economic growth in the country reached the figure of 2.9 per cent. The slowest developments in the regional and European markets during this year appeared as a challenge for the general economic activity in the country. In 2012, a decrease was marked from several important sources of financing in the country, especially the foreign direct investments. A reduction was also characterised in export of goods, but, growth of export of the services neutralised the effect of decrease of goods export. Kosovo suffers from the negative trade balance, implying that Kosovo depends on imports, whereas its opportunities to export local products into foreign market are very low. With intention of improving the competitive position of Kosovar enterprises, and for increasing export into world market, the existing economic policies need to be amended and supplemented and the institutional functioning needs to be improved as well. The aim of this study is to provide a realistic overview of the economic situation of Kosovo through an overall analysis and to also give recommendations with intention of improving the trade balance in favour of increase of Kosovar export in the future.
Dissolution of Marriage According to Canon Law
Authors: Ahmedi MSc. Sulejman 
Published: August 2016

In the Canon law, dissolution of marriage is not allowed since it was considered sacred and as such cannot break until the two spouses are alive, except only if one of the spouses passes away. But throughout history we find cases when allowed dissolution of the marriage and causes specific conditions set by the church. Thus, according to the Old Testament, if, a man married to a woman, didn’t like something about his wife, should write a request for divorce and allow her to leave his home. Meanwhile according to the New Testament records, divorce is prohibited. Although most Protestants continue to espouse the view that marriage was sacred and as such should not be divorced, from those who had supported the idea of granting the divorce. One of them was Luther, who in his remarks before his preachers said: "In my opinion, the issue of divorce belongs to the law, are not they to whom called for regulation of parental relationships, why not have they the authority to regulate the relations between spouses". Protestant churches allow the dissolution of marriage:a) Because of adultery by the wife; allowed by Jesus,b) Unjustified abandonment of the marital community;c) If there were other reasons: if one spouse refuses to have sexual marriage, if the husband abuses his wife repeatedly and without cause, severe illness of one spouse.
Reading Ancient Reliefs: An Approach to Interperation of Architectural Decoration in Historical and Political Context
Authors: Novakova Mgr. Lucia , Drabik Dr.Sc. BC. Štefan 
Published: August 2016

Ancient treasuries promoted wealth and prosperity of the donation community. Preserved relief scenes portrayed mythological stories used for expressing certain characteristic reflection of reality (chaos, wilderness, heroism, etc.) By analyzing historical sources is possible to assign events related to the poleis in historical context. This paper shall serve as introduction of hypothetical nature of political program and contribution to the knowledge of political promotion of polis in relief decoration. Figural decoration became a form of political program, or even metaphorical ideology. The main carrier of ideological reference were figure decorated pediments and friezes. Those visualized political agenda of polis even for illiterate observers. In particular mythological stories, those that might have some ideological scheme, were preferred. They can be applied to current events of polis, but only if adequate historical sources or archaeological evidence. Mythological battles were frequent motifs. The story of Gigantomachy allowed various kind of exploitation in political ideology. The main idea was the battle between world full of chaos and world representing stability and certainty. Analogies are identifiable in the whole archaic period. The main inspiration were military confrontations with other Greek or non-Greek cities. From preserved decorative elements is possible to roughly characterize also political significance of mythological heroes. Visual display is closely related to foreign policy and inner political conflict of poleis. It is important that preserved reliefs with motives that do not deal with panhellenic scenes are lessnumerous.
Knowledge Management Experience in Kosovo Organizations
Authors: Kacandolli-Gjonbalaj MSc. Drita , Alishani MSc. Anera , Reci MSc. Arber 
Published: August 2016

This paper is an empirical study, the findings of which reflect the experience gathered in knowledge management in Kosovo organizations. The main goal of this paper was to identify the realistic situation, and recommend instruments for a more effective knowledge management in Kosovo organizations. The findings of the empirical study have found inefficiency in knowledge management by organizations in Kosovo. A research was undertaken for this study, thereby directly interviewing representatives of 102 organizations in Kosovo.The research was undertaken during the period January-February 2013. Findings of the research show that most of the organizations in Kosovo are dominated by a random approach to knowledge assessment in personnel. This is the opinion of 83,3% of respondents in foreign organizations and institutions, 58,3% of respondents in education institutions, 53,8% of interviewees in state institutions, 47,4% of respondents in business organizations, and 34,8% of interviewees in the Privatization Agency of Kosovo (regional units and other operational units).The main statistical model used in this study was the ChiSquare, Asymp. Sig test (2 single-way) and V. Cramer’s. Records were processed with the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The main recommendation of this paper is the following: essential changes are required in managers’ behaviour in terms of knowledge management, thereby fostering and motivating their subordinates to engage in change and new approaches in Kosovo organizations.
Creating Clusters and Competitiveness in Business: Kosovo Case
Authors: Terziu Dr.Sc. Hysni 
Published: August 2016

Providing basic theoretical concepts and an explanation of creation and organisation of clusters in business, I believe that I come closer to the aim of judging about when and how to use the most suitable and necessary manners for practical application of clusters for increase of competitiveness. Presentation of basic concepts below shall cover problems which are related to various situations irrespective to the level of enterprises.In concordance with the aims and theme, this work presents creative thinking and scientific concepts, studies, projects and programs related to the subject of competitiveness development and clustering in business. My aim at this work has been to make a theoretical-practical review of the project of competitiveness and clustering as competitive advantage in nowadays’ businesses in Kosovo, in countries of the region and in the world. Theories and concepts of promotion of clusters have up to date been based mainly on the experience of industrialised countries which may not find application in the countries in transition as Kosovo is. But, for this reason a thorough review is needed in order to determine if the levels of cooperation between enterprises in the countries in transition are sufficient in order to enable cluster development, or if a change is required in a country in transition in defining clusters, and as a result any change into the strategy of the assistance with the purpose of improvement of economic condition and the business situation in these countries, and in particular in Kosovo.Many of the enterprises have similar problems with each other which are related to competitiveness of their products, finding markets, costs of sources, quality and standards as per market demand etc. If we say that businesses have common problems, then, it may be that there is room for them to cooperate with each other into solving similar problems through cluster creation.
Parental Responsibilities to Children in the Republic of Kosovo
Authors: Ibrahimi MSc. Shpresa , Podvorica Dr.Sc. Hamdi 
Published: August 2016

For a long time, in Albanian customary law, parental responsibilities were an exclusive competency of fathers. In positive law, especially with the reform of the legal system in the Republic of Kosovo, now both parents are fully equal in exercising parental responsibilities. Children are the future of any society, and therefore, their upraising, education and proper welfare of children is an objective and responsibility not only for the parents, but also of societal and state institutions. Although parent-child relations incorporate moral, biological and legal elements, the absolute power of parents must be shared between parents and proper social and educational policies, in the heart of which are always the best interests of the child.Kosovo has already adopted a complete legal framework, approximated to the standards of the European Union and international instruments which clearly provide on the rights of the child and responsibilities of parents and institutions in enjoying such rights. Within the range of this new legal framework, we make an effort of addressing parental responsibilities, which are exercised in terms of personality of children, and derive as a result of personal non-material relations. Our work is focused on a study of parental responsibilities in terms of giving a personal name, healthy development, education and upraising. We have also analysed several court rulings related to the rights of the child and responsibilities of parents in enjoying such rights, which we believe are to enrich and render the paper more interesting.
Methods Used to Deal with Peace Process Spoilers
Authors: Kastrati MA. Bilbil 
Published: August 2016

The conflicts of the past three decades have shown that the major problems which peace processes face are the spoilers. Spoilers are warring parties and their leaders who believe that peaceful settlement of disputes threatens their interests, power and their reputation; therefore, they use all means to undermine or completely spoil the process. Spoilers of peace processes can be inside or outside of the process and are characterized as limited, greedy or total spoilers. Their motives for spoiling can be different, such as: political, financial, ethnic, security, etc. Furthermore, it is important to emphasise that spoilers are not only rebels and insurgents, but can often be governments, diasporas, warlords, private military companies, etc.In order to counteract the spoilers, the international community has adopted and implemented three methods: inducement, socialization and coercion. Often all three methods are used to convince the spoilers to negotiate, accept and implement peace agreements. Hence, this paper will examine the methods used to deal with peace process spoilers through an assessment of the strategies employed, impact, success and failures.This paper will also argue that the success or failure of the peace process depends on the method(s) used to deal with spoilers. If the right method is chosen, with a persistent engagement of the international community, the peace process will be successful; on the contrary, if they fail to do so, the consequences will be devastating.
International Legal Subjectivity: Concept and Reality in the UN
Authors: Taci MSc. Ornela 
Published: August 2016

The article titled “International legal subjectivity: Concept and reality in the UN” the first, identifies debates on subjects of International Law briefly. The identification of debates serves to deal the creation of UNO (United Nations). Then, the article treates a brief historical overview on the functions of the UN since its creation until today to analyze international legal personality and its legal nature opposite functions that are dampened and transnational capabilities, the UN priority today. Also, it gives the reasons why the debate on UN reform should remain open.The aim of this study is to examine from the perspective of a qualitative methodology the characteristics of the legal status of the UN in space and in time to create a model based on Charter and on the real exercise of its functions but not according to denomination. The theories on international legal personality, the distribution of the United Nations and the consequences are not treated for this reason in this study. Also, historical and legal methods are used.The legal status of UNO is a tool to fulfil mission in approach of action of International Law, the challenge of the debate today. UNO was established in 1945 and acts are based on its Charter and international documents. The UN mission has changed today but the International Order is not in danger because the target of the UN is its renewal through reforms. The open debate on reform gives a contribution on evolution of International Law.
The Role and Impact of Remittances on the Economic Growth - Kosovo Case Study
Authors: Zogjani MSc. Jeton , Badivuku-Pantina Dr.Sc. Myrvete 
Published: August 2016

In this research paper the role and impact of remittances on the economic growth of Kosovo in the recent years (2008 - 2013) through remittances, inflation rate, real effective exchange rate (REER) as independent variables and economic growth as depend variable is analyzed. The secondary data are used which are taken from international and domestic institutions which are analyzed through STATA software (an econometric and statistical program).The reason for writing is that in 2013 the total value of remittances in Kosovo was 620.8 million € and in 2011 Kosovo was among the top 10 countries with the highest level of remittances. The main arguments used in this research paper are: how do remittances affect in overall the economy? What is the impact of remittances on businesses? How do we use it for family consumption? In the research methodology are used secondary data and all of them are analyzed by STATA software which helps in calculation of OLS method of regression, descriptive statistic and correlation matrix.Also this paper research findings show us that if we refer to the result of variables that are included in the paper though OLS methods, the remittances (β1= - 0.017) and the exchange rate (β3= - 0.322) have negative impact and nonsignificant (T < 2) effect on economic growth but the inflation rate has positive (β2= 0.245) and significant (T > 2) effect on economic growth and the coefficient of determination (R²) is 84% then the coefficient of Durbin Watson Statistic (DW) is 2.11, it means there is no autocorrelation.
Extrajudicial Protection of Property Rights in the Aftermath of Kosovo Armed Conflict
Authors: Halimi MSc. Fatlum 
Published: August 2016

The aim and purpose of this paperwork is to review how the property rights in Kosovo are protected in the aftermath of the armed conflict of 1999. Paperwork moreover explains the quasi-judicial mechanisms created to protect property rights, their fundamental principles, legal framework, jurisdiction and their endorsed legal remedies.This paperwork is prepared based in triangulation methodology, i.e. empirical method, including legislative application and statistical method.The protection of property rights in Kosovo is considered a serious problem and the legal system here in particular the work of judicial institutions/regular courts has shown inefficiencies due to political interference in the judicial system and the large number of backlog cases in the courts, in the other hand insufficient number of judges to cope and handle that amount of backlogs.Housing and Property Directorate and its successor Kosovo Property Agency were established as apolitical and independent institutions led and supervised internationally as an ideal solution for resolution of property disputes efficiently and un-biased.Both institutions are faced with challenges and obstacles during the processing, adjudication and implementation of property claims. However, the results obtained in this paperwork show that Housing and Property Directorate has accomplished its mission efficiently, un-biased and in accordance with its legal framework, while Kosovo Property Agency has been performing its mandate in effective manner.
Quantity and Nature of Water‐Extractable Organic Matter from Sandy Loam Soils with Potato Cropping Management
Authors: He Zhongqi , Zhang Mingchu , Zhao Aiqin , Olanya O. Modesto , Larkin Robert P. , Honeycutt C. Wayne 
Published: August 2016

Core Ideas
2‐ and 3‐yr potato crop rotations did not increase the levels of water‐extractable organic matter (OM).
Potato crop rotation increased the less humified portions.
Irrigation stimulated decomposition of non‐potato crop residues.
Irrigation increased levels of water‐extractable OM in potato crop rotation soils.
Composted manure addition increased water‐extractable low molecular mass and less humified OM.
This work evaluated the level and nature of water‐extractable soil organic matter (WEOM) from a 6‐yr potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop rotation field experiment. The content of WEOM was higher in continuous potato soils than in the 2‐yr and 3‐yr crop rotation soils except for those crop rotation soils with soil improvement management by composted manure. Irrigation increased the level of WEOM in crop rotation soils. Ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence parameters indicated that WEOM in continuous potato soil possessed a high degree of humification and that crop rotation increased the aromatic and low molecular mass portions. In most irrigated soils, WEOM contained less aromatic but higher humified components. Characterization of the WEOM samples with crop rotation and irrigation suggests that these management practices stimulate the decomposition of the humic fraction in soil organic matter pools, implying healthier soil conditions with these management practices than with continuous potato growth.
Simple versus Diverse Temperate Pastures: Aspects of Soil–Plant–Animal Interrelationships Central to Nitrogen Leaching Losses
Authors: Vibart Ronaldo E. , Vogeler Iris , Dodd Mike , Koolaard John 
Published: August 2016

Decoupling productivity and environmental pollution growth is a key objective of modern agricultural systems. The use of diverse (multispecies) pastures may contribute to this objective. Increasing the species diversity of intensively managed pastures can potentially increase annual herbage growth and N use efficiency. Here, we review the literature on simple (predominantly perennial ryegrass and white clover mixes) and diverse temperate pastures (those with three or more sown species) that address the soil–plant–animal interrelationships relevant to N leaching losses from intensive grazing systems. An analysis of trial results suggests that annual herbage yields from diverse mixtures are greater than those from simple mixtures. The review also suggests that greater species diversity in pastures can increase sward N uptake, attributable to complementarity of species through differentiation in rooting depths and seasonal plant growth activity. The presence of specific species in the sward was more relevant to herbage production and N dynamics than the number of species present in the sward, emphasizing the role of well‐adapted plant functional types. The inclusion of forbs (e.g., chicory and plantain) in pastures is also shown to aid in reducing the N load of urine patches, thereby reducing the risk of N leaching from grazed pastures. To achieve the objective of increasing productivity and reducing N leaching, research questions remain around the role of species diversity on other aspects of the production system and N cycle, such as soil type and species adaptation, plant N uptake, and management of diverse pastures for successful on‐farm implementation.Decoupling productivity and environmental pollution growth is critical to modern agriculture.The use of diverse (multispecies) pasture swards may contribute to this objective.Annual herbage yields from diverse mixtures are greater than those from simple mixtures.Greater species diversity in pastures can increase plant N uptake.The inclusion of forbs aid in reducing the N load of urine patches, which reduces the risk of N leaching.
Spectroscopic Determination of Leaf Nitrogen Concentration and Mass Per Area in Sweet Corn and Snap Bean
Authors: Yuan Mingwei , Couture John J. , Townsend Philip A. , Ruark Matthew D. , Bland William L. 
Published: August 2016

Rapid nondestructive measurements at leaf level of nitrogen concentration (%N) and leaf mass per area (LMA) are needed to improve crop simulation model development and calibration, and better understanding of in‐season N management. Many contact reflectance‐based techniques for %N and LMA estimations require calibration across species, cultivars, growing stages, and cultural practices. Narrowband (hyperspectral) reflectance spectroscopy, in combination with partial least square regression (PLSR) models, offers improved performance over vegetation indices derived from standard linear regression analysis with simple ratios or combined formulas. Little research on the application of contact spectroscopy data and PLSR techniques has been conducted for sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In this study, we sought to determine the optimum wavelength ranges for %N and LMA estimations and to develop and evaluate spectroscopic models in estimating %N and LMA in the two species. Best PLSR predictions utilized 1500 to 2400 nm for %N estimations and 450 to 2400 nm for LMA estimations in both species, with high averaged coefficient of determination (R2) values (0.90–0.95 for cross‐validation, 0.52–0.71 for external validation) and low root mean square error (RMSE, reported as percentage of sample data range) (4.59–5.67% for cross‐validation, 9.50–18.46% for external validation). The results indicate that narrowband reflectance spectroscopy (450–2500 nm) combined with PLSR analysis is a promising method for rapid and nondestructive estimates of %N and LMA at leaf level in sweet corn and snap bean across growth stages, N management, and years.Core Ideas

Spectroscopy combined with partial least square regression models is useful for estimates of leaf nitrogen concentration and leaf mass per area.
The optimum spectra for nitrogen concentration and leaf mass per area estimations were 1500 to 2400 and 450 to 2400 nm.
Spectroscopy appears appropriate for routine agronomic research field experiments.