bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point-of-care Glycated Hemoglobin A1c Testing for the Identification of Hyperglycemia Severity among Individuals with Dual Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus in Tanzania
Authors: Byashalira Kenneth C. , Chamba Nyasatu G. , Alkabab Yosra , Ntinginya Nyanda E. , Affenaar Jan-Willem , Heysell Scott K. , Ramaiya Kaushik L. , Lillebaek Troels , Bygbjerg Ib C. , Christensen Dirk L. , Mpagama Stellah G. , Mmbaga Blandina T. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Poor glycemic control during tuberculosis (TB) treatment is challenging, as the optimum treatment strategy remains unclear. We assessed hyperglycemia severity using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test and predictors of severe hyperglycemia at the time of TB diagnosis in three resources-diverse regions in Tanzania.

Methods:
This was a substudy from a large cohort study implemented in three regions of Tanzania. TB individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) (prior history of DM or newly diagnosed DM) were assessed for hyperglycemic levels using HbA1c test and stratified as mild (<53 mmol/mol), moderate (≥53–<86 mmol/mol), and severe (≥86 mmo/mol).

Results:
From October 2019 to September 2020, 1344 confirmed TB individuals were screened for DM and 105 (7.8%) individuals had dual TB/DM and were assessed for glycemic levels. Of these, 69 (67.7%) had a prior history of DM and 26 (24.8%) were living with human immunodeficiency virus. Their mean age was 49.0 (±15.0) years and 56.2% were male. The majority (77.1%) had pulmonary TB, and 96.2% were newly diagnosed TB individuals. HbA1c test identified 41(39.0%), 37 (35.2%), and 27 (25.7%) individuals with severe, moderate, and mild the hyperglycaemia respectively. Female sex (odds ratio [OR]: 3.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–11.92, P = 0.040) and previous history of DM (OR: 3.71, 95% CI: 1.33–10.33, P = 0.013) were independent risk factors for severe hyperglycemic at the time of TB diagnosis.

Conclusion:
By integrating early HbA1c testing, a substantial proportion of individuals with severe hyperglycemia were identified. HbA1c testing can be recommended to identify and triage patients requiring personalized intensified DM management in resource-limited programmatic settings.
Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Isolated from Tuberculous Meningitis Patients
Authors: Krishnakumariamma Krishnapriya , Ellappan Kalaiarasan , Kadhiravan Tamilarasu , Alex Anoop , Kumar Saka Vinod , Muthaiah Muthuraj , Joseph Noyal Mariya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is caused by the dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) from the primary site of infection to the central nervous system. However, the bacterial factors associated with the pathogenesis of TBM remain unclear. This study employed transcriptomic and proteomic methods to comprehensively analyze the changes in genes and proteins and their associated pathways in MTB strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of TBM and sputum of pulmonary TB (PTB) cases.

Methodology:
Five MTB strains were subjected to OMICs (transcriptomic and proteomic) analysis. Among five MTB strains, two were isolated from CSF and sputum samples of the same patient with PTB and TBM infections, one from the sputum of a different PTB patient, and a strain obtained from the CSF of another TBM patient. H37Rv was used as a reference strain. The reliability of transcriptomic results was validated by real time polymerase chain reaction with selected genes from 100 MTB isolates (CSF, 50 and sputum, 50).

Results:
The transcriptomic study revealed that overlapping differentially expressed genes of MTB strains isolated from TBM patients showed featured enrichment in benzoate degradation, lysine degradation, tryptophan metabolism, fatty acid degradation, ATP binding cassette transporters, microbial metabolism in diverse environments, biosynthesis of antibiotics, and metabolic pathways. Eleven genes were upregulated, and four were downregulated in MTB strains isolated from TBM compared to PTB. From proteomic analysis, we identified three candidate proteins belonging to plasminogen binding proteins (PBP) (enolase, dnaK, and isocitrate lyase 1) that were significantly upregulated in MTB strains isolated from TBM.

Conclusion:
Overall, the transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provided an important base for understanding the unique feature of TBM pathogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report highlighting the importance of PBPs on TBM pathogenesis.
Rare presentation of primary intra-articular synovial sarcoma of knee joint with insights from literature review
Authors: Gurubalan Guralarasan , Surabhi  , Kumari Madhu , Pandey Ritesh , Bhadani Punam P. , Marikannu Abinaya 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Synovial sarcoma is a rare and malignant soft tissue tumor, comprising 5%–10% of such cases. This tumor primarily afflicts adolescents and young adults, with slight male bias, often near large joints like the knee and hip. Intra-articular synovial sarcoma, an even rarer subset, can delay diagnosis due to its slow growth and vague clinical signs. We present a unique case of primary knee intra-articular synovial sarcoma in a 24-year-old female. Imaging revealed a distinct lesion adjacent to the medial femoral condyle and patellofemoral joint, initially suggestive of synovial haemangioma. However, histopathology confirmed biphasic synovial sarcoma, characterized by spindle and gland-like epithelial components. Immunohistochemistry further supported the diagnosis. Reviewing documented cases, we find that synovial sarcoma can affect a wide age range but often occurs in the knee joint, emphasizing the need for vigilance. Early detection and intervention are crucial for improved treatment outcomes in this rare but challenging malignancy.
Potential for tumor aggressiveness and its association with vasculogenic mimicry marker in colorectal carcinomas in Indian population- A tertiary care hospital level study
Authors: Walia Gurpreet K. , Kinra Prateek , Akal Ramanjit S. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the ability of cancer stem cells of aggressive phenotype to mimic embryonic vascular network by forming channels lined by tumor cells, thereby, promoting tumor growth. These channels are periodic acid-schiff positive and CD34 negative and have been associated with tumor invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis. It is a promising target for developing novel anticancer therapeutics and contributes to personalized medicine.

Aim:
Our study aims to look for an association of vasculogenic mimicry marker (VMM) with the aggressiveness of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs).

Settings and Design:
All retrospective and prospective cases of colorectal adenocarcinomas received over period of five years, from 2017 to 2021 were included in this study and a case-control study was planned.

Materials and Methods:
The study population was divided into two comparison groups based on TNM staging (a) those with non-aggressive tumors (controls; TNM stage I and II) and (b) those with aggressive tumors (cases; TNM stage III and IV). A total of 36 controls and 27 cases were studied. Hematoxylin and eosin stain, PAS, and CD34 immunohistochemistry were conducted. PAS positivity with negative CD34 in the same case was designated as VMM positive. VMM status was correlated with tumor stage, grade, and other pathological markers of prognosis.

Statistical Analysis:
The Chi-square test was used to find an association between the aggressiveness of CRCs and VM positivity. The P value < 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results:
It was found that VMM was significantly associated with the aggressiveness of CRCs.

Conclusion:
VMM is a promising marker for its clinical utility in day-to-day routine IHC studies and its positivity correlates with tumor aggressiveness.
Surgical technique to achieve postoperative alar base symmetry in complete bilateral cleft lip and alveolus repair – A prospective study
Authors: Kumar K. S. Krishna , Sayd Shermil , Vyloppilli Suresh , Nair Santhy Mohanachandran , Pati Ajit , Sivadasan Anand 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Children born with the bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate have a shortened columella and an elevated protruding premaxilla which results in an abnormal appearance of the nose.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted in the Baby MemorialHospital, Calicut, a Smile Train Center in India. After scrutiny, the eligible sample size amounted to30 cases. The patient’s age rangedfrom 4 to 7 months. The basic technique employed is “Veau three straight line repair” technique. This study analyses the importance of a geometrical incision, a back cut extending cephalically above the inferior turbinate at the mucocutaneous junction to elevate the nostril floor, to achieve the symmetry of the alar bases.

Result:
Preoperative and postoperative anthropometric studies were conducted on the asymmetry and symmetry of the alar bases. The p values for the right side preoperative and postoperative measurement is 0.007 which is highly significant and for the left side, it is <0.001 which also denotes statistical significance of this technique.

Conclusion:
Further high volume multicentric studies may be suggested since bilateral cases amount for only 10% of the overall incidence of cleft lip cases and even high volume surgeons are privileged to treat only a few. Therefore, it is the obligation of every surgeon who undertakes the care of these children to learn from the past and to analyse results periodically, including comparison with other centres.
An observational pilot study on anthropometric analysis of lip–nose complex of unilateral cleft lip children and age-matched controls by three-dimensional digital photogrammetry
Authors: Varshney Prachi , Upadhyaya Divya Narain , Kumar Vijay , Mishra Brijesh , Pandey Sandhya 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Lip–nose complex anthropometry is an important component of cleft lip and palate repair. There are limited studies in the Indian population which measure the anthropometry of facial structures. Various anthropometric and cephalometric techniques have been evolved and applied to measure facial features of cleft lip/palate patients.

Objective:
The main objective of this study was to measure the anthropometry of lip–nose complex of unilateral cleft lip children and compare it with noncleft children as age-matched controls by VECTRA three-dimensional (3D) digital photogrammetry.

Materials and Methods:
This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted on 25 children with unilateral cleft lip (complete/incomplete) of 3 months–2 years of age as cases and 25 noncleft children as age-matched controls, admitted to our institute. Philtral height, lip length, lip height, nostril height, nostril width, nasal sill width, and columella height were measured using VECTRA 3D digital photogrammetry.

Results:
The mean age of cleft and noncleft patients was 7.80 ± 3.76 months and 10.60 ± 4.38 months, respectively. Philtral height, lip height, lip length, and columella height of the cleft side were found to be significantly lower than that of noncleft patients (P < 0.001). The rest of the parameters, nostril height, nostril width, and nasal sill width of cleft patients were found to be significantly higher than that of noncleft patients (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This study provided an anthropometrical analysis of the lip–nose complex which can be a fundamental basis for presurgical consultation, surgical planning, postoperative assessment, and a predictor for treatment outcome.
A feeding obturator appliance in infants with isolated cleft palate: A case series
Authors: Kaur Kamaljit , Kapur Aditi , Soni Bhavita Wadhwa , Jaiswal Manojkumar Ashok 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Feeding a child with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a matter of concern for both the parents and the physician. Early knowledge about various available options and timely intervention can overcome undue anxiety in parents of children with CL/P. A feeding obturator separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity and is one of the means to aid in adequate nutrition to the affected child. The present article describes two cases of successful use of a feeding obturator in infants with an isolated CL/P.
Orbital box osteotomy in frontonasal dysplasia with severe hypertelorism: Our first experience
Authors: Adnyana I. Made Suka , Samsarga Gede Wara , Vania Rachel 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Frontonasal dysplasia (FND) is a rare craniofacial deformity, including severe hypertelorism. We herein presented the case of a 6-year-old female patient with FND and Grade III hypertelorism who underwent a four-wall-orbital box osteotomy with a bicoronal approach. Orbital wall osteotomy was performed behind the lacrimal fossa. Central resection was done to allow for medial translocation of the orbits. At the last, the newly positioned orbitals were fixated using wire, absorbable plates, and screws. Neurosurgical assistance with the frontal bone flap before orbital osteotomy helps to leave the cribriform plate intact to preserve the olfactory. Finally, excessive median soft tissue was excised. The patient’s hypertelorism improved after surgery. Careful surgical procedures to correct the soft and bony tissue are beneficial treatments for improving the quality of life and general condition of patients with hypertelorism.
NAMASTE portal, data analysis, and understanding of Ayurveda medical records: An initial evaluation
Authors: Rani Aruna , Kumar Vijay , Prasad Hari , Mane Santosh Shantilal , Thrigulla Saketh Ram , Narayan Rakesh V. , Lavaniya Vinod Kumar , Goli Prasad Penchala , Srikanth Narayanam , Acharya Rabinarayan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
Traditional medicine is a valuable heritage that has enriched people’s daily lives. Globalization requires a common framework for communicating the details of the medical system in various contexts such as medical research, clinical diagnosis, and medical statistics. The acronym of the NAMASTE portal stands for National Ayush Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal. On the occasion of the second National Ayurveda Day, which was on October 17, 2017, the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modiji, launched the NAMASTE portal. It is categorized under initiatives of the Health Information system as it collects data from the related sectors, ensuring health decision awareness programs. The main objective of the NAMASTE portal is to promote the usage of electronic health records across the AYUSH domain.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The portal provides standard terminologies and morbidity codes for Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani (ASU) to further develop international terminologies and ICD-11. The registered healthcare organizations (HCOs) enter the morbidity data in the statistic dashboard module every month by filling out the Excel sheets of OPDs and IPDs. Based on that, we systematically scrutinized electronic health records.

RESULTS:
The portal has received the data of 61,92,458 individuals receiving Ayurvedic treatment from the 133 Ayurvedic HCOs registered on the portal.

DISCUSSION:
Out of the 2888 National Ayurveda Morbidity Codes (NAMC) 2470 were used by HCOs, highlighting the top 10 States using the highest number of morbidity codes. The present paper incorporates statistical data of the Ayurveda medical records from the NAMASTE portal till August 2023, intending to provide statistical data regarding the most prevailing disease in the country.
Physiological effects of Meditation (Dhyana): A short review of study results from the past 5 years
Authors: Jayswal Anurag 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Examining meditation practices reveals its impact on modulating brain functions, controlling respiratory rates, and influencing immune functions. Through alterations in the physiological system, meditation has been shown to induce a state of relaxation, contributing to overall well-being. This study explores the physiological impacts of meditation based on recent research findings.

OBJECTIVE:
Meditation has emerged as a highly sought-after intervention in recent times. This review aims to consolidate and analyze the physiological outcomes of meditation research conducted over the past 5 years.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Articles were searched on PubMed and Web of Science using the keywords meditation and physiology. Relevant articles were extracted by applying the filter (2018–2023 or 5 years), and key findings from those articles were compiled and discussed.

RESULTS:
A total of nine articles (three in PubMed and six in Web of Science) were found published up to May 2023 having participants with n in the range of 1 to 128. The mindfulness meditation method was prevalent, whereas breathing awareness has been commonly featured in most studies. Meditation has been shown to facilitate physiological slow down as indicated by various markers utilized in research. It plays a positive role in regulating immune function, increasing alpha waves, enhancing right brain functionality, and reducing activity in the right amygdala and respiratory rate in healthy practitioners. Furthermore, it promotes parasympathetic activity, which contributes to lowering systolic blood pressure.

CONCLUSION:
This review highlights that meditation effectively mitigates physiological stress responses while promoting a state of relaxation. The compelling evidence underscores the potential for broader therapeutic and healthcare utilization of meditation practices.
Determination of Anterior Fontanelle Size among Apparently Healthy Term Newborns in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Ogbuefi Adaora Patience , Mark Olufemi , Olumorin Olumide Olufunsho , Audu Lamidi Isah 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Anterior fontanelles (AFs) of healthy newborn infants vary widely in size, this being a function of race, geographical location, gender, birth weight, mode of delivery and gestation. Abnormal variations in AF size portend a serious pathology of the cranium or intracranial structures. The established reference value for normal AF size is, therefore, an essential diagnostic tool. This study was conducted to determine the mean AF size and factors that are associated with its variability among apparently healthy term neonates in Lokoja, North Central Nigeria.

Methods:
AF size was measured in 200 healthy inborn term neonates between 24 and 48 h post-delivery using a modified version of Mattur’s method. Other parameters measured were head circumference, birth weight and length. Relevant statistical methods were used for data analysis, and P < 0.05 at a confidence interval of 95% was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Eighty-six (43%) of the babies were males, and the mean birth weight and gestation were 3.09 (0.37) kg and 38.8 (1.2) weeks, respectively. Majority (72%) were delivered spontaneously per vagina. The mean (± SD) AF size of the study neonates was 2.62 (0.72) cm (2.53 [0.61] cm in males and 2.69 [0.79] cm in females). Neither gender nor mode of delivery affected AF size significantly. There was no significant correlation between AF size and occipitofrontal circumference.

Conclusion:
AF size for term babies in our hospital differs from AF sizes reported from other parts of the world, further reiterating the utility of local/regional neonatal AF reference values.
Factors Associated with the Outcome of 2023 Diphtheria Outbreak in Jigawa State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Review of the Surveillance Data
Authors: Ibrahim Usman Muhammad , Babura Salisu Muazu , Audu Sunday , Danzomo Abba Ahmed , Namadi Faruk Abdullahi , Made Musa Mahadi , Ringim Sadiq Hassan , Yusuf Saidu , Shehu Usman L , Jalo Rabiu Ibrahim , Garba Rayyan Muhammad , Ahmed Fatimah Ismail-Tsiga , Abdulsalam Kabiru , Muhammad Nuruddeen , Jibo Abubakar Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with the outcome of the 2023 diphtheria outbreak in Jigawa State, Nigeria.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted amongst all line-listed diphtheria cases reported from Jigawa State, Nigeria, using the 2023 Integrated Disease and Surveillance Response line list of cases that met the World Health Organization case definition of diphtheria. A total of 245 line-listed cases from January 2023 to December 2023 met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 with a P value set at ≤5%. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the independent predictors of the outcome of the 2023 outbreak.

Results:
The maximum age of the line-listed cases was 39 years, and the minimum was 1 year with a median of 8 (interquartile range = 5–8) years. More than two-thirds (68.2%) of the cases were ≥5 years of age. More than one-third of the cases (39.6%) were from the northeast senatorial zone of the state. Out of the total 245 cases, 14 died of the disease representing a case fatality rate of 6%, and an attack rate of 3.4 per 100,000 populations. The majority of the cases (95.5%) had fever, cough (81.2%), pharyngitis (86.9%), tonsillitis (96.7%) and laryngitis (82.0%). More diphtheria-related mortalities were recorded amongst cases <5 years of age (7.7%), female cases (5.9%), rural residence (7.7%) and cases from the northeast senatorial zone (8.2%) of the state. Significantly higher mortalities (8.8%, P = 0.003) were recorded amongst cases with nasopharyngitis. The odds of diphtheria-related mortality were higher amongst cases who presented clinically with nasopharyngitis and were 4 times more likely to die (adjusted odds ratio = 3.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.1–14.3) compared with those with no nasopharyngitis.

Conclusions:
Significantly higher mortalities were recorded amongst diphtheria cases whose samples were not taken, and those with nasopharyngitis. These findings underscored the importance of improved immunisation uptake, early and prompt case detection, investigation and proper management.