bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconciling Compensatory and Noncompensatory Strategies of Cue Weighting: A Causal Model Approach
Authors: Sussman Abigail B. , Oppenheimer Daniel M. , LaMonaca Matthew M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhen forming a judgment about any unknown item, people must draw inferences from information that is already known. This paper examines causal relationships between cues as a relevant factor influencing how people determine the amount of weight to place on each piece of available evidence. We propose that people draw from their beliefs about specific causal relationships between cues when determining how much weight to place on those cues, and that understanding this process can help reconcile differences between predictions of compensatory and lexicographic heuristic strategies. As causal relationships change, different cues become more or less important. Across three experiments, we find support for the use of causal models in determining cue weights, but leave open the possibility that they work in concert with other strategies as well. We conclude by discussing relative strengths and weaknesses of the causal model approach relative to existing models, and suggest areas for future research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insurance status, health equity, and the cancer care continuum
Authors: Halpern Michael T. , Brawley Otis W. 
Published: August 2016

As illustrated in two studies published in this issue of Cancer, an individual's sociodemographic characteristics including type of health insurance can decrease access to high‐quality and timely cancer care and result in adverse outcomes. Understanding the factors that create cancer health care disparities can help researchers, clinicians, and policy makers develop strategies and interventions to reduce them.See also pages 3127‐35 and 3157‐65.
Desiccation resistance in tropical insects: causes and mechanisms underlying variability in a Panama ant community
Authors: Bujan Jelena , Yanoviak Stephen P. , Kaspari Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDesiccation resistance, the ability of an organism to reduce water loss, is an essential trait in arid habitats. Drought frequency in tropical regions is predicted to increase with climate change, and small ectotherms are often under a strong desiccation risk. We tested hypotheses regarding the underexplored desiccation potential of tropical insects. We measured desiccation resistance in 82 ant species from a Panama rainforest by recording the time ants can survive desiccation stress. Species' desiccation resistance ranged from 0.7 h to 97.9 h. We tested the desiccation adaptation hypothesis, which predicts higher desiccation resistance in habitats with higher vapor pressure deficit (VPD) – the drying power of the air. In a Panama rainforest, canopy microclimates averaged aVPDof 0.43kPa, compared to aVPDof 0.05kPa in the understory. Canopy ants averaged desiccation resistances 2.8 times higher than the understory ants. We tested a number of mechanisms to account for desiccation resistance. Smaller insects should desiccate faster given their higher surface area to volume ratio. Desiccation resistance increased with ant mass, and canopy ants averaged 16% heavier than the understory ants. A second way to increase desiccation resistance is to carry more water. Water content was on average 2.5% higher in canopy ants, but total water content was not a good predictor of ant desiccation resistance or critical thermal maximum (CTmax), a measure of an ant's thermal tolerance. In canopy ants, desiccation resistance andCTmaxwere inversely related, suggesting a tradeoff, while the two were positively correlated in understory ants. This is the first community level test of desiccation adaptation hypothesis in tropical insects. Tropical forests do contain desiccation‐resistant species, and while we cannot predict those simply based on their body size, high levels of desiccation resistance are always associated with the tropical canopy.
My Sister Myself: A Controlled Study of the Relationship Between Women with a Lifetime Diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa and Their Sisters
Authors: Zohar Ada H. , Lev Ari Lilac , Bachner‐Melman Rachel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study focused on the quality of the relationship between women with a lifetime anorexia nervosa (AN) diagnosis and their sisters, in the context of family functioning. Participants were 112 sister pairs including a woman with a lifetime diagnosis of AN, and 356 sister pairs with no history of an eating disorder. Participants completed the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire, Family Environment Scale and Eating Attitudes Test‐26. We hypothesised that sister relationships would be less favourably assessed by women with an AN diagnosis than by their sisters, and less favourably assessed overall in the AN sister pairs than in the healthy sib‐pair controls. These hypotheses were confirmed. Also, the AN sisters viewed the family as less cohesive and more conflicted than their non‐affected sisters. For the AN sisters, there was an inverse relationship between level of current pathology and how favourably they viewed the sister relationship. Sister relationships may suffer during AN and improve as the pathology recedes. This would mean that the quality of sister relationships has clinical significance and may serve as an indicator of recovery. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Achieved throughput of OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems in the presence of inphase quadrature imbalance
Authors: Mohajeran Seyed Ali , Sadough Seyed Mohammad Sajad 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCognitive radio (CR) systems based on orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing have so far obtained a great deal of attention in wireless communications requiring higher data rates. It is well known that the highest achievable data rate in a wireless communication system is restricted by some factors including the wireless communication channel and the hardware imperfection, which are unavoidable in practice. One of the most important implementation issues that significantly affects the performance of the receiver and the transmitter is the amplitude and phase imbalance in the inphase and quadrature branches, or for brevity inphase and quadrature imbalance (IQI). This imbalance is due to non‐ideal local oscillators at the transmitter or at the receiver of direct conversion systems. In this paper, the ergodic capacity is investigated in a CR system based on orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing. We also inspect the outage probability, which is restricted by the common IQI challenge in the transmitter of the secondary user (SU) and in the receiver of the SU in a Rayleigh fading channel. First, we obtain an approximate closed‐form expression for the ergodic capacity and the outage probability in a multi‐carrier system. Then we investigate the special cases in which IQI only exists at the receiver or at the transmitter. We show that when IQI only exists at the transmitter of the SU, the approximate closed‐form outage probability of the SU approaches its exact value. Also, when IQI only exists at the receiver or at the transmitter of the SU, the approximate closed form of the ergodic capacity of the secondary link approaches its exact value. Numerical results validate the obtained analytical expression in the CR system. Our results may serve in the evaluation of the trade‐off between the required quality of service (in terms of secondary achieved throughput and the outage probability) and CR system parameters in the presence of IQI. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the flame retardance and melt dripping of poly(lactic acid) with a novel polymeric flame retardant of high thermal stability
Authors: Shi Xiaowei , Liao Fenghui , Ju Yaqing , Dai Xiu , Cao Yu , Li Jiawei , Wang Xinlong 
Published: August 2016

SummaryA polymeric flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitrogen (PCNFR) was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography. The thermal decomposition temperatures at 10% weight loss (T10 wt%) of PCNFR were around 358 °C, and the char yield at 600 °C reached about 60 wt% both in nitrogen and air by thermogravimetric analysis. The flame retarded poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites with PCNFR were prepared. The thermogravimetric analysis results showed that PCNFR could improve the thermal stability of the flame retarded PLA composites with low loading (≤10 wt%) and at high temperature zone (≥390 °C). The condensed products from the decomposition of the flame retarded composites at 380 °C and 450 °C for different intervals were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, and the results showed that time and temperature influenced the structure of the char residue evidently. When incorporating 30 wt% PCNFR into PLA, the limited oxygen index of the flame retarded composites reached 25.0%, and V‐0 rating was achieved. The char residues were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy in detail. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified partial maxillary swing approach for myxofibrosarcoma in pterygopalatine fossa
Authors: Shimoda Hikari , Yonezawa Koichiro , Shinomiya Hirotaka , Otsuki Naoki , Hashikawa Kazunobu , Sasaki Ryohei , Komura Eiji , Nibu Ken‐ichi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundExtirpation of tumors arising in the pterygopalatine fossa is challenging because of its anatomic complexity.Methods and ResultsA 67‐year‐old man was referred to our department with a diagnosis of a tumor in his left pterygoid fossa. An incisional biopsy through the canine fossa was diagnosed as myxofibrosarcoma. The upper part of the maxilla was swung laterally to remove the tumor while the hard plate was preserved. The defect was reconstructed using rectus abdominis musculocutaneous free and ipsilateral temporal. The postoperative course was uneventful, without facial palsy or mastication disorders.ConclusionOur experience with this case suggests that the modified partial maxillary swing approach with preservation of the hard palate and orbital floor in combination with infratemporal and cervical approaches is useful for lesions in the pterygoid process without causing severe complications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2519–E2522, 2016
A synoptic climatology of strong along‐channel winds on the Coast of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Bakri Talaat , Jackson Peter , Doherty Ford 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTA synoptic climatology using mean sea level pressure and 500‐hPa geopotential height composites is conducted for strong along‐channel winds that occur through five of the channels dissecting British Columbia's coast. Seasonal (winter, summer) and directional (inflow, air moving from the coast inland; outflow, air moving from inland towards the coast) partitioning of the winds, results in four distinct along‐channel winds that occur: summertime inflow, summertime outflow, wintertime inflow and wintertime outflow. Composite analyses using reanalysis data and in situ observations are used to examine each wind type at all locations. Wintertime composites produce patterns that are distinct from the overall winter climatology, in which outflows occur when an arctic surface high‐pressure area on the inland side of the coastal mountains is accompanied by the presence of an area of low surface pressure in the northeastern Pacific. Inflow composites in the winter indicate low‐pressure areas associated with mid‐latitude cyclones over the Gulf of Alaska. Summertime composites are similar to the overall summer climatology; therefore, other approaches are applied to explain these winds. We analyse 104 summertime inflow events at three locations using surface analysis charts for 13 summer seasons. The analysis reveals the importance of fronts at the time of inflows, with fronts associated with almost half of the events. Non‐hierarchical clustering analysis is applied for the summertime inflow events. The clustering analysis gives a better explanation of the summertime inflows than the composites. This is achieved by grouping events into different clusters, allowing for better illustration of the variance between the clusters.
Free anterolateral thigh flap and masseter nerve transfer for reconstruction of extensive periauricular defects: Surgical technique and clinical outcomes
Authors: Cristóbal Lara , Linder Sora , Lopez Beatriz , Mani Maria , Rodríguez‐Lorenzo Andres 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundRadical tumor ablation in the periauricular area often results in extensive soft tissue defects, including facial nerve sacrifice, bone and/or dura defects. Reconstruction of these defects should aim at restoring facial reanimation, wound closure, and facial and neck contours. We present our experience using free anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) in combination with masseter nerve to facial nerve transfer in managing complex defects in the periauricular area.MethodsBetween 2011 and 2015 six patients underwent a combined procedure of ALT flap reconstruction and masseter nerve transfer, to reconstruct extensive, post tumor resection, periauricular defects. The ALT flap was customized according to the defect. For smile restoration, the masseter nerve was transferred to the buccal branch of the facial nerve. If the facial nerve stump was preserved, interposition of nerve grafts to the zygomatic and frontal branches was performed to provide separate eye closure. The outcomes were analyzed by assessing wound closure, contour deformity, symmetry of the face, and facial nerve function.ResultsThere were no partial or total flap losses. Stable wound closure and adequate volume replacement in the neck was achieved in all cases, as well as good facial tonus and symmetry. The mean follow‐up time of clinical outcomes was 16.8 months. Smile restoration was graded as good or excellent in four cases, moderate in one and fair in one.ConclusionExtensive periauricular defects following oncologic resection could be adequately reconstructed in a combined procedure of free ALT flap and masseter nerve transfer to the facial nerve for smile restoration.
An improved non‐Cartesian partially parallel imaging by exploiting artificial sparsity
Authors: Chen Zhifeng , Xia Ling , Liu Feng , Wang Qiuliang , Li Yi , Zhu Xuchen , Huang Feng 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo improve the performance of non‐Cartesian partially parallel imaging (PPI) by exploiting artificial sparsity, the generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) operator for wider band lines (GROWL) is taken as a specific example for explanation.TheoryThis work is based on the GRAPPA‐like PPI having an improved performance when the to‐be‐reconstructed image is sparse in the image domain.MethodsA systematic scheme is proposed to artificially generate the sparse image for non‐Cartesian trajectory. Using GROWL as a specific non‐Cartesian PPI method, artificial sparsity‐enhanced GROWL (ARTS‐GROWL) is used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme. The ARTS‐GROWL consists of three steps: 1) generating synthetic k‐space data corresponding to an image with smaller support, that is, artificial sparsity; 2) applying GROWL to the synthetic k‐space data from previous step; and 3) recovering the final image from the reconstruction with the processed data.ResultsFor simulation and in vivo data, the experiments demonstrate that the proposed ARTS‐GROWL significantly reduces the reconstruction errors compared with the conventional GROWL technique for the tested acceleration factors.ConclusionTaking ARTS‐GROWL, for instance, experimental results indicate that artificial sparsity improved the signal‐to‐noise ratio and normalized root‐mean‐square error of non‐Cartesian PPI. Magn Reson Med 78:271–279, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
BOLD quantified renal pO2 is sensitive to pharmacological challenges in rats
Authors: Thacker Jon , Zhang Jeff L. , Franklin Tammy , Prasad Pottumarthi 
Published: August 2016

PurposeBlood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) MRI has been effectively used to monitor changes in renal oxygenation. However, R2* (or T2*) is not specific to blood oxygenation and is dependent on other factors. This study investigates the use of a statistical model that takes these factors into account and maps BOLD MRI measurements to blood pO2.MethodsSpin echo and gradient echo images were obtained in six Sprague‐Dawley rats and R2 and R2* maps were computed. Measurements were made at baseline, post‐nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L‐NAME), and post‐furosemide administration. A simulation of each region was performed to map R2′ (computed as R2*–R2) to blood pO2.ResultsAt baseline, blood pO2 in the outer medulla was 30.5 ± 1.2 mmHg and 51.9 ± 5.2 mmHg in the cortex, in agreement with previous invasive studies. Blood pO2 was found to decrease within the outer medulla following L‐NAME (P < 0.05) and increase after furosemide (P < 0.05). Blood pO2 in the cortex increased following furosemide (P < 0.05).ConclusionsModel‐derived blood pO2 is sensitive to pharmacological challenges, and baseline pO2 is comparable to literature values. Reporting pO2 instead of R2* could lead to a greater clinical impact of renal BOLD MRI and facilitate the identification of hypoxic regions. Magn Reson Med 78:297–302, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Resequencing with parallel queues to minimize the maximum number of items in the overflow area
Authors: Boywitz David , Boysen Nils , Briskorn Dirk 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article treats an elementary optimization problem, where an inbound stream of successive items is to be resequenced with the help of multiple parallel queues in order to restore an intended target sequence. Whenever early items block the one item to be currently released into the target sequence, they are withdrawn from their queue and intermediately stored in an overflow area until their actual release is reached. We aim to minimize the maximum number of items simultaneously stored in the overflow area during the complete resequencing process. We met this problem in industry practice at a large German automobile producer, who has to resequence containers with car seats prior to the assembly process. We formalize the resulting resequencing problem and provide suited exact and heuristic solution algorithms. In our computational study, we also address managerial aspects such as how to properly avoid the negative effects of sequence alterations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 401–415, 2016
Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses of safinamide in subjects with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Loprete Luca , Leuratti Chiara , Cattaneo Carlo , Thapar Mita M. , Farrell Colm , Sardina Marco 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSafinamide is an orally administered α‐aminoamide derivative with both dopaminergic and non‐dopaminergic properties. Nonlinear mixed effects models for population pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) analyses were developed using records from, respectively, 623 and 668 patients belonging to two Phase 3, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind efficacy studies. The aim was to estimate safinamide population PK parameters in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) on stable levodopa therapy, and to develop a model of safinamide effect on the PD phase of normal functioning (ON‐time). The final models were internally evaluated using visual predictive checks (VPCs), prediction corrected‐VPC, and nonparametric bootstrap analysis. Safinamide profiles were adequately described by a linear one‐compartmental model with first‐order absorption and elimination. CL/F, Vd/F, and KA (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 4.96 (4.73–5.21) L/h, 166 (158–174) L, and 0.582 (0.335–0.829) h−1, respectively. CL/F and Vd/F increased with body weight, while age, gender, renal function, and exposure to levodopa did not influence safinamide PK. The observed ON‐time values were adequately described by a linear model, with time in the study period as dependent variable, and rate of ON‐time change and baseline plus offset effect as slope and intercept parameters. Safinamide treatment resulted in an increase in ON‐time of 0.73 h (week 4), with further ON‐time increase with the same slope as placebo. The increase was not influenced by age, levodopa, or safinamide exposure. The population models adequately describe the population PK of safinamide and safinamide effect on ON‐time. No dose adjustments in elderly and mild to moderate renally impaired patients are requested.
Approximation schemes for the study of multi‐band Gutzwiller wave functions
Authors: Bünemann Jörg , Linneweber Thorben , Gebhard Florian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe minimum of the Gutzwiller energy functional depends on the number of parameters considered in the variational state. For a three‐orbital Hubbard model, we find that the frequently used diagonal Ansatz is very accurate in high‐symmetry situations. For lower symmetry, induced by a crystal‐field splitting or the spin–orbit coupling, the discrepancies in energy between the most general and a diagonal Gutzwiller Ansatz can be quite significant. We discuss approximate schemes that may be employed in multi‐band cases where a minimization of the general Gutzwiller energy functional is too demanding numerically.
Mechanistic Insights and Computational Design of Transition‐Metal Catalysts for Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Chen Xiangyang , Yang Xinzheng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCatalytic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions are fundamentally important in chemical synthesis and industrial processes, as well as potential applications in the storage and conversion of renewable energy. Modern computational quantum chemistry has already become a powerful tool in understanding the structures and properties of compounds and elucidating mechanistic insights of chemical reactions, and therefore, holds great promise in the design of new catalysts. Herein, we review our computational studies on the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and small organic carbonyl compounds, and on the dehydrogenation of amine–borane and alcohols with an emphasis on elucidating reaction mechanisms and predicting new catalytic reactions, and in return provide some general ideas for the design of high‐efficiency, low‐cost transition‐metal complexes for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions.
Development of Nickel Hydrosilylation Catalysts
Authors: Nakajima Yumiko , Sato Kazuhiko , Shimada Shigeru 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this account, our studies on nickel‐catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions are described. A series of (salicylaldiminato)methylnickel complexes efficiently catalyze alkene hydrosilylation under ambient reaction conditions. Commercially available Ni(II) salts, Ni(acac)2(acac = acetylacetonato) and its derivatives bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)nickel(II) and bis (2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedionato)nickel(II), also act as versatile hydrosilylation catalyst precursors in the presence of NaBHEt3. These systems catalyze the hydrosilylation of various alkenes such as industrially important siloxy‐, amino‐, and epoxy‐substituted ones. The arene‐supported cationic nickel allyl complexes also serve as good catalysts for alkene hydrosilylation at room temperature. These nickel complexes exhibit high selectivity towards the reaction using secondary hydrosilanes. Mechanistic studies based on experiments and DFT calculations support a novel mechanism, which includes a facile Si–H bond cleavage and a Si–C bond formation, assisted by the cooperative action of the allyl ligand.image