bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ab initio calculation of the interaction between neutral and charged silicon nanoclusters
Authors: Resseguier Antoine , Vidal François 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In dusty plasmas, the formation of nanoclusters marks the beginning of the coagulation stage, leading to the rapid generation of larger particles. In this work, we present an overview of the interaction between silicon nanoclusters (SNCs) of about 1 nm diameter within the framework of density functional theory (DFT), taking into account chemical, van der Waals, and multipolar electrostatic interactions. Two types of SNCs are considered: particles composed entirely of silicon (Si30, Si40, Si50, Si60) and a particle whose dangling bonds are occupied by hydrogen atoms (Si29H24). The interaction energies obtained between two neutral or weakly charged SNCs all have a repulsive part at a short separation distance, followed by a minimum corresponding to a stable state of coagulation due to chemical bonds between the particles. In particular, our calculations show that: (1) the Hamaker constant (which characterizes the London-type van der Waals interaction) depends on the pair of identical SNCs, (2) the multipolar electrostatic contribution at large separation distances allows the extraction of the charged SNC polarization coefficient, and (3) the coagulation rates between SNCs are significantly higher than previously estimated.
Numerical optimization of inorganic p-Sb2Se3/n-ZrS2 heterojunction solar cells: achieving high efficiency through SCAPS-1D simulation
Authors: Ashfaq Arslan , Alghamdi Shoug M , Shokralla Elsammani Ali , Saad H-E M Musa , Rehman Ubaid Ur , Albalawi Hind , Bayhan Zahra , A Alsalhi Sarah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
p-Sb2Se3 and n-ZrS2 materials show strong potential for cost-effective photovoltaic applications. This study presents a detailed numerical analysis of p-Sb2Se3/n-ZrS2 heterojunction solar cells using SCAPS-1D, focusing on how key parameters such as layer thickness, doping density, and bandgap have affected device performance. Critical photovoltaic metrics, such as built-in voltage (Vbi), carrier lifetime, depletion width (Wd), recombination rates, and photogenerated current, were examined. Our findings demonstrate that optimizing the p-Sb2Se3 absorber layer with a 1.0 eV bandgap, 5000 nm thickness, and doping density of 1020 cm−3 leads to a maximum efficiency of 32.14%, with a fill factor (FF) of 84.57%, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 47.61 mA cm−2, and open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.792 V. For the ZrS2 buffer layer, the best performance was achieved with a 1.2 eV bandgap, 200 nm thickness, and doping density below 1 × 1020 cm−3. These optimized parameters significantly enhanced carrier separation and minimized recombination losses, leading to improved power conversion efficiency. In addition to theoretical optimization, this study emphasizes the practical potential of these materials for real-world applications. The combination of Sb2Se3 and ZrS2 offers a low-cost fabrication process suitable for scalable commercial solar cell production while maintaining high efficiency. These results underscore the viability of p-Sb2Se3/n-ZrS2 heterojunctions as promising candidates for next-generation clean energy solutions.
Influence of the annealing temperature on the self-powered CuO/ZnO NRs heterojunction photodetector
Authors: Hasach Ghaith A , Al-Salman Husam S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, the fabrication and comprehensive analysis of CuO/ZnO nanorod (NR) heterojunction photodetectors were carried out, focusing on the influence of annealing temperatures (400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C) on their structural, optical, and electrical characteristics. The ZnO nanorods were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, followed by a spin-coating deposition of CuO thin films. The resultant heterojunctions were subjected to different annealing treatments to determine the optimal conditions for enhanced photodetector performance. Characterization techniques such as Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), x-ray Diffraction (XRD), and UV–vis spectroscopy were employed to assess the quality and composition of the heterostructures. The analyses revealed a polycrystalline structure with monoclinic phases for CuO and wurtzite phases for ZnO. Photodetectors annealed at 400 °C exhibited the highest performance metrics, achieving a photoresponse ratio (Iph/Idark) of 26.3, photosensitivity (Sph%) of 2531.6, and a specific detectivity (D*) of 4.58 × 1010 Jones under 405 nm UV light illumination. These devices also demonstrated rapid response times of 0.8 s without any external bias, indicating effective exciton separation and charge transport facilitated by the built-in electric field at the heterojunction interface. The study underscores the critical role of annealing temperature in optimizing the photodetector properties of CuO/ZnO NRs, positioning these self-powered devices as promising candidates for future ultraviolet sensor applications in optoelectronics.
Energy levels and thermodynamic models of the general molecular oscillator under a 2D electromagnetic potential field
Authors: Ahmed A D , Eyube E S , Omaghali N E J , Inuwa A , Makama M K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study employs the parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov approach (PNUA) to resolve the radial Schrödinger equation (RSE) for the general molecular oscillator with a 2D electromagnetic potential coupling. Analytical approximations are developed for the energy levels, molar enthalpy, and constant-pressure molar heat capacity, with a focus on their applicability to diatomic molecules. The generated equations are employed to investigate the physical properties of real substances like BeCl (X 2Σ+), CsF (X 1Σ+), CuCl (X 1Σ+), CO+ (X 2Σ+), 7Li2 (1 3Δg), and P2 (X 1Σg
+) molecules. The percentage average absolute deviations (PAAD) deduced with the analytical model equations are found to agree with the findings on diatomic molecules. Analysis of PAAD values also reveals that the predicted molar enthalpy and heat capacity of the diatomic molecules are better if the magnetic and Aharonov-Bohm components of the EM potential fields are finite.
State-dependent and state-independent uncertainty relations for skew information and standard deviation
Authors: Sahil  
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, we derive state-dependent uncertainty relations (uncertainty equalities) in which commutators of incompatible operators (not necessarily Hermitian) are explicitly present and state-independent uncertainty relations based on the Wigner-Yanase (-Dyson) skew information. We derive uncertainty equality based on standard deviation for incompatible operators with mixed states, a generalization of previous works in which only pure states were considered. We show that for pure states, the Wigner-Yanase skew information based state-independent uncertainty relations become standard deviation based state-independent uncertainty relations which turn out to be tighter uncertainty relations for some cases than the ones given in previous works, and we generalize the previous works for arbitrary operators. As the Wigner-Yanase skew information of a quantum channel can be considered as a measure of quantum coherence of a density operator with respect to that channel, we show that there exists a state-independent uncertainty relation for the coherence measures of the density operator with respect to a collection of different channels. We show that state-dependent and state-independent uncertainty relations based on a more general version of skew information called generalized skew information which includes the Wigner-Yanase (-Dyson) skew information and the Fisher information as special cases hold. In qubits, we derive tighter state-independent uncertainty inequalities for different form of generalized skew informations and standard deviations, and state-independent uncertainty equalities involving generalized skew informations and standard deviations of spin operators along three orthogonal directions. Finally, we provide a scheme to determine the Wigner-Yanase (-Dyson) skew information of an unknown observable which can be performed in experiment using the notion of weak values.
Channel modelling in underwater media: a wireless communication technique perspective
Authors: Kumar Gupta Sushil , Chandra Singh Chauhan Ram , Kumar Vinay 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With a broad scope of exploration and utilization of marine resources, the field of underwater wireless communication (UWC) is attracting the growing interest of researchers. Due to the highly complex and changing underwater environment, achieving minimal Doppler Effect, extensive communication range, maintaining link reliability, and high channel efficiency is challenging. Underwater information transfer can utilize various communication techniques, including Acoustic, Optical, Radio Frequency (RF), and Magnetic Induction (MI)-based communication. Accurate channel modelling is essential for optimizing UWC’s overall performance. Each underwater communication technique has its strengths and weaknesses. This review article discusses the detailed channel modelling of Acoustic, Optical, MI, and RF communications, comparing them across parameters such as path loss, channel capacity, channel error control protocols, bit error rate (BER), the impact of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), and outage probability are briefly discussed. Additionally, critical unresolved issues related to the channel modelling of UWC techniques are highlighted. This review article will assist researchers in identifying research gaps and conducting further research in the field.
A connection between massive electrodynamics and the Einstein-Maxwell equations
Authors: Alqrayan Waad A , Arbab Arbab I 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Quaternions are the best mathematical construct for creatingvarious equations in electrodynamics, which has led to the emergence of new terms with unique physical implications. Since quaternions also have noncommutative properties that are reflected in curved space-time too, a formulation of a theory using quaternions can be compared with that formulated in some curved space-time. Furthermore, we calculate the Maxwell equations in curved space-time and observe the presence of extra terms that are not present in flat space-time. An electric current arises because of the coupling between the magnetic field and curvature. Upon comparing the outcomes of the two methods, we discovered a correlation between mass and gravity, indicating their similarity. Equations formulated via quaternions are equivalent to those formulated in curved space-time. The optical chirality and its flux are generalized to massive electrodynamics.
Chlorella-enriched hydrogels protect against myocardial damage and reactive oxygen species production in an in vitro ischemia/reperfusion model using cardiac spheroids
Authors: Tarsitano Martine , Liu Chung Ming Clara , Bennar Lucia , Mahmodi Hadi , Wyllie Kaitlin , Idais Dana , Al Shamery Wafa , Paolino Donatella , Cox Thomas R , Kabakova Irina , Ralph Peter , Gentile Carmine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Microalgae have emerged as promising photosynthetic microorganisms for biofabricating advanced tissue constructs, with improved oxygenation and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, their use in the engineering of human tissues has been limited due to their intrinsic growth requirements, which are not compatible with human cells. In this study, we first formulated alginate–gelatin (AlgGel) hydrogels with increasing densities of Chlorella vulgaris. Then, we characterised their mechanical properties and pore size. Finally, we evaluated their effects on cardiac spheroid (CS) pathophysiological response under control and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) conditions. Our results showed that the addition of Chlorella did not affect AlgGel mechanical properties, while the mean pore size significantly decreased by 35% in the presence of the 107 cells ml−1 microalgae density. Under normoxic conditions, the addition of 107
Chlorella cells ml−1 significantly reduced CS viability starting from 14 d in. No changes in pore size nor CS viability were measured for hydrogels containing 105 and 106
Chlorella cells ml−1. In our I/R model, all Chlorella-enriched hydrogels reduced cardiac cell sensitivity to hypoxic conditions with a corresponding reduction in ROS production, as well as protected against I/R-induced reduction in cell viability. Altogether, our results support a promising use of Chlorella-enriched Alg–Gel hydrogels for cardiovascular tissue engineering.
Dispersion of solute in a packed cylindrical tube with wall reaction
Authors: Meganathan Ajith , Debnath Sudip 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The study aims to investigate the transport of solute in a packed cylindrical tube, analytically. At the wall, the solute experiences an irreversible chemical reaction of order-one. The combined action of moments method with integral transform technique has been introduced to employ the Gill’s generalized dispersion model. The main goal is to investigate a full time evaluation of various transport coefficients in different superficial flow through porous media together with wall reaction. This study provides a perspective on how porous media influences the migration of solutes in the presence of wall reactions. Exchange coefficient is shown to be solely dependent on wall absorption. In the presence of porosity, wall absorption causes an increase in the advection coefficient’s magnitudes; however, the dispersion coefficient exhibits the reverse behavior. Fluid velocity is always suppressed by damping factor, and thus advection and dispersion coefficients both controlled by damping factor. Increase in porosity parameter will reduces the axial concentration distribution. This work could have applications in areas such as groundwater flow, contaminant transport, or chemical reactions within porous materials.
For the People?
Authors: Beitz Charles R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Disquieting symptoms of democratic failure abound in America today with gridlocked political institutions, high levels of political polarization, and pressing but unresolved problems such as immigration, inequality, and gun violence. Are these the results of political institutions that cannot provide effective democratic representative? For the People takes a realistic look at American democracy by linking the findings of political scientists to the scrutiny of political theorists. Charles Beitz provides the core analysis showing that there are truly democratic failures (alternatively the misadventures of American politics could be due to changing times that would stress any system) and that there are possibilities for better democratic competition that could improve democratic representation. Additional chapters by a political scientist, Martin Gilens, a political theorist, Jane Mansbridge, and a lawyer, Pamela S. Karlan, sharpen the analysis by providing empirical results, additional standards for successful democracy, and concerns about two non-majoritarian American institutions, the Senate and the Electoral College. Beitz ends the book with a response to the three commentators.
The Preference-Policy Link and Representation
Authors: Gilens Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The link between citizens’ preferences and government policy is essential to fair and effective representation, and this link must be more than simply a dyadic relationship in which individual constituents’ preferences are matched by the legislative votes of their representatives. Representatives can feign agreement with their constituents in their most visible actions (like the frequently-studied final passage roll call votes), while ignoring or undermining those policies in their less visible activities. And even true dyadic agreement might be subverted by systemic biases, such as partisan gerrymandering, working against some groups. The link must reflect genuine systemic responsiveness in which a change in citizens’ preferences is met with a change in public policy. But policymakers in America respond weakly and unequally to the preferences of citizens: policy changes favored by the well-off and by moneyed interest groups are more likely to be adopted than those that they oppose, while poor and middle-class Americans’ preferences have no discernable impact on government policymaking. The lack of responsiveness of policymakers to the preferences of middle-income, much less poor, Americans is starkly inconsistent with the most basic tenets of democracy.
Systems, Dyads, and a Contingency Theory of Competition
Authors: Mansbridge Jane 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To ensure their continuing effectiveness, democratic systems must not only be responsive, fair, and decisive, Charles Beitz’s three criteria; they must also be perceived as legitimate. A legitimacy focus takes us beyond the electoral system to the contacts citizens have with the entire representative system, including legislatures, administrative agencies, the judiciary, and even civil society associations. That focus also takes us to the dyadic one-on-one interactions between citizens and their representatives. Finally, a legitimacy focus takes us to a contingency theory of competition, pointing out that in some contexts the structures and practices of intense political competition produce lower perceived legitimacy, even if they provide better public policy. Some structures long scorned in political science—such as nonpartisan or single-party cities and state legislatures, districts with long incumbencies, and ranked-choice voting—all produce less acute competition but arguably more perceived and also normative legitimacy.
Considerations across multiple stakeholder groups when implementing fall prevention programs in the acute hospital setting: a qualitative study
Authors: McLennan Charlotte , Sherrington Catherine , Tilden Wendy , Jennings Matthew , Richards Bethan , Hill Anne-Marie , Fairbrother Greg , Ling Francis , Naganathan Vasi , Haynes Abby 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundFalls in hospital remain a common and costly patient safety issue internationally. There is evidence that falls in hospitals can be prevented by multifactorial programs and by education for patients and staff, but these are often not routinely or effectively implemented in practice. Perspectives of multiple key stakeholder groups could inform implementation of fall prevention strategies.MethodsClinicians of different disciplines, patients and their families were recruited from wards at two acute public hospitals. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted to gain a broad understanding of participants’ perspectives about implementing fall prevention programs. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.ResultsData from 50 participants revealed three key themes across the stakeholder groups shaping implementation of acute hospital fall prevention programs: (i) ‘Fall prevention is a priority, but whose?’ where participants agreed falls in hospital should be addressed but did not necessarily see themselves as responsible for this; (ii) ‘Disempowered stakeholders’ where participants expressed feeling frustrated and powerless with fall prevention in acute hospital settings; and (iii) ‘Shared responsibility may be a solution’ where participants were optimistic about the positive impact of collective action on effectively implementing fall prevention strategies.ConclusionKey stakeholder groups agree that hospital fall prevention is a priority, however, challenges related to role perception, competing priorities, workforce pressure and disempowerment mean fall prevention may often be neglected in practice. Improving shared responsibility for fall prevention implementation across disciplines, organisational levels and patients, family and staff may help overcome this.
Two kinds of failure in joint action: On disrespect and directed duties
Authors: Löhr Guido 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
I identify two kinds of failure in joint action. First, we can fail to ‘do our part’, that is, fail to contribute to fulfilling the joint intention. Second, we can fail to respect our collaborators. Recognizing the distinct natures of both normative relations helps us overcome a key challenge to a reductionist theory of collective intentionality posed by Margaret Gilbert. According to this objection, we have obligations towards others even in immoral joint actions – a claim that was recently supported experimentally. Except for a handful of experimental papers, work on the normativity in joint intention has stagnated. I hope the distinction breathes fresh air into the theoretical and empirical debate.
A-023 Early Concentrations of Long Cardiac Troponin T Forms in Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Wittfooth S , Linko-Parvinen A , Pallari H , Teppo K , Tuominen T , Simonen S , Setola J , Salonen S , Junes H , Vasankari T , Hellman T , Strandberg M , Airaksinen J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Long forms of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) represent a new promising biomarker for more specific diagnostics of myocardial infarction (MI). We studied for the first time the concentrations of long cTnT forms in a panel including very early samples of type 1 MI patients.

Methods
Heparin plasma samples were drawn from 94 type 1 MI patients 0.4-24 h after the symptom onset and analyzed with Roche hs-cTnT assay and with our novel highly sensitive upconversion luminescence-based long cTnT immunoassay. The long cTnT assay detects all cTnT forms not cleaved at the major C-terminal cleavage site at cTnT amino acid residues 189-220 while the Roche hs-cTnT assay detects all short and long cTnT forms containing the stable central part of cTnT. Troponin ratio, reflecting the fraction of the long cTnT forms, was calculated by dividing the long cTnT result by the Roche hs-cTnT result.

Results
The long cTnT and Roche hs-cTnT concentrations varied highly (median 107 [25th-75th percentile 20-1195] ng/L and 277 [62-1422] ng/L, respectively) and correlated significantly with each other (r=0.881, p&lt;0.001). Neither had a significant correlation with time from symptom onset. Troponin ratio was highly variable especially at the first hours, but there was a clear decreasing trend in variability later (Figure). Troponin ratio showed significant negative correlation with time (r=-0.284, p=0.005) and the correlation became stronger with longer delays between symptom onset and sampling (6-24 h, r=-0.422, p&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
A significant portion of circulating cTnT is in long forms in type 1 acute MI patients at early stage. The fraction of long cTnT forms is highly variable in the very early hours after MI, but shows a clear decreasing trend after 6 hours from the pain onset.