bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La découverte par Cuillé et Chelle des «maladies virales lentes» à l’Ecole Vétérinaire de Toulouse dans les années 30 : un témoignage à l’ombre des «inventeurs» !
Authors: Barrairon Émile 
Published: January 2018

Dans les années trente J. Cuillé et P.-L. Chelle, tous deux professeurs à l’Ecole Vétérinaire de Toulouse (France) démontrent que la tremblante du mouton est transmissible et que la période d'incubation est très longue, deux ans parfois. L’auteur qui a été témoin de leurs recherches dans le Service de Pathologie du Bétail en décrit l’ambiance, retrace la carrière de ces deux excellents enseignants et brillants chercheurs, rappelle le déroulement des expériences décisives et la publication des résultats dans le scepticisme puis l’oubli.
Avec le recul du temps Cuillé et Chelle apparaissent comme les «inventeurs de la notion de maladies virales à évolution lente ». Ces dernières qui présentent un très grand et très actuel intérêt en pathologie comparée suscitent de nombreuses recherches dans le monde et ont valu en 1976 au médecin américain D.C. Gajdusek le prix Nobel de médecine. (44 références).
The WeIzmann Supercooled Droplets Observation on a Microarray (WISDOM) and application for ambient dust
Authors: Reicher Naama , Segev Lior , Rudich Yinon 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The WeIzmann Supercooled Droplets Observation on Microarray (WISDOM)
is a new setup for studying ice nucleation in an array of
monodisperse droplets for atmospheric implications. WISDOM combines
microfluidics techniques for droplets production and a cryo-optic
stage for observation and characterization of freezing events of
individual droplets. This setup is designed to explore
heterogeneous ice nucleation in the immersion freezing mode, down to
the homogeneous freezing of water (235 K) in various cooling
rates (typically 0.1–10 K min−1). It can also be used
for studying homogeneous freezing of aqueous solutions in colder
temperatures. Frozen fraction, ice nucleation active surface site
densities and freezing kinetics can be obtained from WISDOM
measurements for hundreds of individual droplets in a single
freezing experiment. Calibration experiments using eutectic
solutions and previously studied materials are described. WISDOM
also allows repeatable cycles of cooling and heating
for the same array of droplets. This paper describes the WISDOM
setup, its temperature calibration, validation experiments and
measurement uncertainties. Finally, application of WISDOM to study
the ice nucleating particle (INP) properties of size-selected ambient Saharan dust particles
is presented.
Roles for librarians in systematic reviews: a scoping review
Authors: Spencer Angela J. , Eldredge Jonathan D. 
Published: January 2018

Objective: What roles do librarians and information professionals play in conducting systematic reviews? Librarians are increasingly called upon to be involved in systematic reviews, but no study has considered all the roles that librarians can perform. This inventory of existing and emerging roles aids in defining librarians’ systematic reviews services.Methods: For this scoping review, the authors conducted controlled vocabulary and text-word searches in the PubMed; Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts; and CINAHL databases. We separately searched for articles published in the Journal of the European Association for Health Information and Libraries, Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, the Journal of the Canadian Heath Libraries Association, and Hypothesis. We also text-word searched Medical Library Association annual meeting poster and paper abstracts.Results: We identified 18 different roles filled by librarians and other information professionals in conducting systematic reviews from 310 different articles, book chapters, and presented papers and posters. Some roles were well known such as searching, source selection, and teaching. Other less documented roles included planning, question formulation, and peer review. We summarize these different roles and provide an accompanying bibliography of references for in-depth descriptions of these roles.Conclusion: Librarians play central roles in systematic review teams, including roles that go beyond searching. This scoping review should encourage librarians who are fulfilling roles that are not captured here to document their roles in journal articles and poster and paper presentations. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
Percepción del Tamaño Corporal e Insatisfacción en Niños de 3 a 6 Años: Una Revisión Sistemática
Authors: León María-Pilar , González-Martí Irene , Fernández-Bustos Juan-Gregorio , Contreras Onofre 
Published: January 2018

<p>perception and dissatisfaction. Though most research studies focus on adolescence and adulthood, dissatisfaction problems are manifesting themselves at increasingly early ages. The aim of this study was, therefore, to analyse the most significant findings on body dissatisfaction and body-size perception among children aged 3 to 6 (second cycle of pre-school education). To this end the Medline, SportDiscus, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Dialnet, ProQuest and EBSCO databases were used, and from which a total of 22 studies were selected in accordance with exclusion criteria such as language, peer review and the objective measurement of the body mass index (BMI) of children. In terms of levels of dissatisfaction, results vary widely, making it impossible to draw sound conclusions on the nature and prevalence of this variable at these ages. The main reasons for this include the type of instrument used and the difficulties children had in perceiving their bodies correctly.</p>
Lithiophilic Cu‐CuO‐Ni Hybrid Structure: Advanced Current Collectors Toward Stable Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Wu Shuilin , Zhang Zhenyu , Lan Minhuan , Yang Shaoran , Cheng Junye , Cai Junjie , Shen Jianhua , Zhu Ying , Zhang Kaili , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMetallic lithium (Li) is a promising anode material for next‐generation rechargeable batteries. However, the dendrite growth of Li and repeated formation of solid electrolyte interface during Li plating and stripping result in low Coulombic efficiency, internal short circuits, and capacity decay, hampering its practical application. In the development of stable Li metal anode, the current collector is recognized as a critical component to regulate Li plating. In this work, a lithiophilic Cu‐CuO‐Ni hybrid structure is synthesized as a current collector for Li metal anodes. The low overpotential of CuO for Li nucleation and the uniform Li+ ion flux induced by the formation of Cu nanowire arrays enable effective suppression of the growth of Li dendrites. Moreover, the surface Cu layer can act as a protective layer to enhance structural durability of the hybrid structure in long‐term running. As a result, the Cu‐CuO‐Ni hybrid structure achieves a Coulombic efficiency above 95% for more than 250 cycles at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 and 580 h (290 cycles) stable repeated Li plating and stripping in a symmetric cell.
Electrospinning Nanofiber on an Insulating Surface with a Patterned Functional Electrolyte Electrode
Authors: Kim Geon Hwee , Nam Hyoryung , Choi WooSeok , An Taechang , Lim Geunbae 
Published: January 2018

AbstractElectrodes in traditional electrospinning processes have been used to directly collect nanofibers, or to induce a modified electric field to collect aligned nanofibers. In this context, many studies have been carried out to overcome the limitations of simple metal electrodes. In this study, a sub‐millimeter‐scale electrospun nanofiber patterning technique is proposed, which uses a functional electrolyte as a collector electrode between an electrospun nanofiber and a collector substrate. Adhesion between nanofibers and substrate is promoted by using polydopamine solution as a functional electrolyte. In this method, after the electrospinning process is completed, the electrolyte used as the collector electrode is evaporated so that the nanofiber and the substrate are in direct contact, without any trace of the metal electrode. Nanofibers can also be patterned on a thick insulator using this fabrication method. This fabrication method combines the advantages of conventional wet‐electrospinning and electrospinning techniques with metal electrodes in terms of nanofiber patterning.
Thalamic atrophy in multiple sclerosis: A magnetic resonance imaging marker of neurodegeneration throughout disease
Authors: Azevedo Christina J. , Cen Steven Y. , Khadka Sankalpa , Liu Shuang , Kornak John , Shi Yonggang , Zheng Ling , Hauser Stephen L. , Pelletier Daniel 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThalamic volume is a candidate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based marker associated with neurodegeneration to hasten development of neuroprotective treatments. Our objective is to describe the longitudinal evolution of thalamic atrophy in MS and normal aging, and to estimate sample sizes for study design.MethodsSix hundred one subjects (2,632 MRI scans) were analyzed. Five hundred twenty subjects with relapse‐onset MS (clinically isolated syndrome, n = 90; relapsing–remitting MS, n = 392; secondary progressive MS, n = 38) underwent annual standardized 3T MRI scans for an average of 4.1 years, including a 1mm3 3‐dimensional T1‐weighted sequence (3DT1; 2,485 MRI scans). Eighty‐one healthy controls (HC) were scanned longitudinally on the same scanner using the same protocol (147 MRI scans). 3DT1s were processed using FreeSurfer's longitudinal pipeline after lesion inpainting. Rates of normalized thalamic volume loss in MS and HC were compared in linear mixed effects models. Simulation‐based sample size calculations were performed incorporating the rate of atrophy in HC.ResultsThalamic volume declined significantly faster in MS subjects compared to HC, with an estimated decline of −0.71% per year (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.77% to −0.64%) in MS subjects and −0.28% per year (95% CI = −0.58% to 0.02%) in HC (p for difference = 0.007). The rate of decline was consistent throughout the MS disease duration and across MS clinical subtypes. Eighty or 100 subjects per arm (α = 0.1 or 0.05, respectively) would be needed to detect the maximal effect size with 80% power in a 24‐month study.InterpretationThalamic atrophy occurs early and consistently throughout MS. Preliminary sample size calculations appear feasible, adding to its appeal as an MRI marker associated with neurodegeneration. Ann Neurol 2018;83:223–234
Correlated evolution between climate and suites of traits along a fast–slow continuum in the radiation ofProtea
Authors: Mitchell Nora , Carlson Jane E. , Holsinger Kent E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEvolutionary radiations are responsible for much of Earth's diversity, yet the causes of these radiations are often elusive. Determining the relative roles of adaptation and geographic isolation in diversification is vital to understanding the causes of any radiation, and whether a radiation may be labeled as “adaptive” or not. Across many groups of plants, trait–climate relationships suggest that traits are an important indicator of how plants adapt to different climates. In particular, analyses of plant functional traits in global databases suggest that there is an “economics spectrum” along which combinations of functional traits covary along a fast–slow continuum. We examine evolutionary associations among traits and between trait and climate variables on a strongly supported phylogeny in the iconic plant genusProteato identify correlated evolution of functional traits and the climatic‐niches that species occupy. Results indicate that trait diversification inProteahas climate associations along two axes of variation: correlated evolution of plant size with temperature and leaf investment with rainfall. Evidence suggests that traits and climatic‐niches evolve in similar ways, although some of these associations are inconsistent with global patterns on a broader phylogenetic scale. When combined with previous experimental work suggesting that trait–climate associations are adaptive inProtea, the results presented here suggest that trait diversification in this radiation is adaptive.
Proliferation, Kinetics, and Fate of Monocytes in Rat Liver During a Zymosan- Induced Inflammation
Authors: Bouwens L , Wisse E 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The fate and kinetics of monocytes, recruited to the liver by a single zymosan injection, were investigated by light (LM) and electron (EM) microscopy combined with peroxidase cytochemistry and latex phagocytosis. Ultrastructural and cytochemical differences between these cells and resident Kupffer cells persisted during a 7-day period, demonstrating the existence of two types of hepatic mononuclear phagocytes. Both cell types exhibited a pronounced mitotic activity during their numerical increase. Next to peroxidase-positive (POP) Kupffer cells and monocytes, peroxidase- negative (PON) mononuclear phagocytes were observed. These may represent a monocyte subset and/or possibly Kupffer cell precursors.
Cyclosporin A Directly Inhibits Human B-Cell Proliferation by More Than a Single Mechanism
Authors: Hannam-Harris Anne C , Taylor Douglas S , Nowell Peter C 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressive agent that inhibits T-cell proliferation and lymphokine production. There is less information on the direct effect of CsA on B-cells. We investigated the proliferative responses of human tonsillar B-lymphocytes to a “T dependent” mitogen, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and to a “T independent” mitogen, Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Both responses were strongly inhibited by CsA. Nonspecific cytotoxicity was ruled out, and the inhibition was not reversed by adding IL1, IL2, or BCGF individually or in combination. Maximal inhibition of the PWM response occurred when CsA was added early in the culture period. Cyclosporin A added 18 hours after the start of culture was less effective, and adding CsA after 36 hours resulted in only minimal inhibition. However, with SA as mitogen, addition after 36 hours still affected substantial inhibition. These results, on the time of action and resistance to reversal by exogenous growth factors, suggest that CsA can directly inhibit human B-cells by a mechanism similar to its action on T-lymphocytes, blocking an early event critical to entry into cell cycle, but an additional mechanism of inhibition later in the cell cycle may also operate when the proliferative signal is provided by the T-independent mitogen SA.
FACS Quantitation of Leucine Aminopeptidase and Acid Phosphatase on Tumor-Associated Macrophages From Metastatic and Nonmetastatic Mouse Mammary Tumors
Authors: Mahoney Keith H , Miller Bonnie E , Heppner Gloria H 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Macrophages were isolated by adherence from tumors produced by a number of murine mammary carcinoma lines and were examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting for quantitation of leucine aminopeptidase and acid phosphatase. The tumors included three lines, 66, 67, and 168, which were originally derived from a single, spontaneously arising tumor in a BALB/cfC3H mouse and two other lines, D2A1 and D2F2, which were derived from a single tumor arising from the transplantable hyperplastic alveolar nodule line, D2. These five lines differ from one another in a number of characteristics, including the ability to metastasize spontaneously to the lung from subcutaneous implants and to form experimental metastases in lungs following intravenous injection. Line 67 is nonmetastatic under both circumstances, whereas lines 66, D2A1, and D2F2 are metastatic under the same conditions. Intermediate to these is line 168, which is nonmetastatic from the subcutaneous site but capable of colonizing the lung with an efficiency similar to 66 when injected IV. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) from lines 66, D2A1, and D2F2 contained the greatest amounts of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and those from line 67 the least, with TAM from 168 being intermediate. Conversely, the TAM from line 67 had the greatest amounts of acid phosphatase (APTase) and those from line 168 the least. In addition to differences among tumors in enzyme levels of the adherent TAM, the precentages of TAM that were adherent were also different among the tumors. Only 12% of TAM from line 67 were recovered in the adherent fraction as opposed to 35–38% of TAM from lines 66 and 168.
These results confirm and extend our previous findings that TAM from metastatic tumors have increased levels of LAP compared to TAM from nonmetastatic tumors. They also demonstrate noncoordinate expression of LAP and APTase in TAM, and illustrate how a population of TAM can be homogeneous for one enzyme and heterogeneous for another. Furthermore, the difference in the percentage of macrophages that are adherent between metastatic and nonmetastatic tumors is another indication both of the heterogeneous nature of TAM and of the role of a tumor in determining the type of host infiltrate with which it is associated.
Characterization of Human Pericardial Macrophages
Authors: Benhaiem-Sigaux Nicole , Mina Elie , Sigaux François , Lambré Claude R , Valensi Françoise , Allégret Catherine , Bernaudin Jean-François 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper deals with the study of the cell population in 13 samples of normal human pericardial fluid. Large mononuclear cells (LMC) constituted 74.1 ± 18.5% of the total cell population. These LMC possess the characteristics of macrophages: 1) firm adherence to glass, 2) intracytoplasmic presence of vimentin without keratin, 3) ultrastructural observation of a lysosomal apparatus, 4) cytoenzymatic activities: acid phosphatases, naphthol AS.D acetate esterase and peroxidases, and 5) phagocytosis of Baker's yeasts. All these data clearly show that macrophages are the main component of the pericardial fluid cell population and can be of great significance in the defense mechanisms and physiology of the pericardial space.
Activation of Rat Alveolar Macrophages by Gamma Interferon to Inhibit Toxoplasma gondii In Vitro
Authors: Badger Alison M , Hutchman John S , Sung Cheng-Po , Bugelski Peter J 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We have investigated the effects of murine interferons on the ability of rat alveolar macrophages (AM) to inhibit the proliferation of the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. This activity was determined by measuring suppression of 3H-uracil uptake into the Toxoplasma and by microscopic enumeration of the intracellular organisms. Recombinant gamma interferon (rMuIFN-γ), but not alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) was able to activate AM for antimicrobial activity in vitro. Maximum activation was achieved by incubation with 50-200 units/ml rMuIFN-γ and the activity was lost at one unit/ml. The highest levels of activation were obtained when macrophages were incubated with interferon for 48-72 h prior to the challenge with Toxoplasma organisms. Activation could still be obtained, however, when the interferon was added to the cultures as late as 2 h after the phagocytosis of Toxoplasma. Neither MDP nor low concentrations (1-1-ng/ml) of S. typhosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were able to activate these cells to inhibit the growth of Toxoplasma. Phagocytosis of Toxoplasma by AM did not result in the release of O2−, in fact the spontaneous release of O2 − by these cells was inhibited by Toxoplasma. This inhibition was reversed by preincubation of the cells with rMuIFN-γ.
Immunohistochemical Characterisation of Macrophages in Human Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract: Expression of CD4, HLA-DR, OKM1, and the Mature Macrophage Marker 25F9 in Normal and Diseased Tissue
Authors: Hume David A , Allan William , Hogan Patrick G , Doe William F 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This report describes the immunocytochemical characterisation of macrophages in sections of human liver, gastrointestinal tract, and associated lymphoid tissue and the inflammatory lesions of Crohn’s disease. 25F9 is an antigen reported to be induced during the maturation of blood monocytes in vitro. The antigen was concentrated in cytoplasmic vesicular structures of isolated gastrointestinal macrophages. Similar labelled cells were observed in the apical regions of lamina propria in both small and large intestine in vivo. Their numbers and size were greatly increased in specimens of colon from patients with melanosis coll. Mucosal inflammatory lesions in specimens from patients with Crohn’s disease did not contain 25F9-positive cells. The antigen was absent from giant cells and epithelioid cells in granulomata but was expressed on histiocytes in submucosal microgranulomata. In lymphoid organs, 25F9-positive cells were found in germinal centres, in the dome region of Peyer’s patch, and in the medulla, but were largely excluded from T cell areas. In reactive nodes from Crohn’s disease patients, the number of labelled cells in germinal centres and T cell areas was greatly increased. 25F9 was absent from the majority of typical liver Kupffer cells, but was expressed on cytoplasmic granules in a minor subpopulation of larger, more rounded cells in the liver. The results suggest that 25F9 is a marker for endocytosis rather than maturation. In parallel sections, resident macrophages of both liver and gastrointestinal tract labelled with Leu 3a/OKT4 (CD4) and with OKIa (HLA-DR antigen) but did not express OKM1 (type III complement receptor). By contrast, OKM1 was present on inflammatory cells, epithelioid cells, and giant cells in mucosal lesions of Crohn’s disease.
Inhibition of Neutrophil Shape Change by an Inhibitor of Chemotaxis
Authors: Donabedian Haig , Sawyer Thomas , Senitzer David 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Human mononuclear cells exposed to staphylococcal peptidoglycan in serum-free culture rapidly produce an inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis which we have previously described. We found that this inhibitor of chemotaxis has its most potent effect on the inhibition of neutrophil shape change from a spherical to a polarized configuration. In order to quantify this shape change inhibition, we developed an assay using flow cytometric techniques. Neutrophils exposed to a chemoattractant simultaneously change their shape and decrease their forward angle light scattering intensity (δFLS) with a correlation coefficient of 0.886 (p &lt; 0.001). In 51 experiments, neutrophils pretreated with the inhibitor of chemotaxis decreased their FLS by only 6.8 ±1.3 channels, while neutrophils pretreated with medium or control culture supernatants decreased theirs by 26.4 ±1.9 and 20.5 ± 3.0 channels respectively (p &lt; 0.001). The factor which causes inhibition of shape change was indistinguishable from the inhibitor of chemotaxis by physical properties and chromatography. We conclude that this inhibitor of chemotaxis may act by inhibiting a physiologic step at or before shape change.