bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hare Question in Assurance Games: Practical Problems and Insights From Robotic Surgery
Authors: Mendoza Roger Lee 
Published: August 2017

We examine in this article a frequently overlooked, if not ignored, premise underlying the canonical assurance game model: Hunters could potentially bag more than a single hare (or two) in place of the prized stag. Whether a risk-dominant equilibrium is necessarily inefficient or inferior to one that is assumed to be payoff-dominant is the question we seek to address. In doing so, we suggest plausible variations of the model with different game-theoretic realizations. Single-play illustrations drawn from robotic surgery underscore their practical implications for health care economics and management. The robotic technology revolution amplifies the rational and interactive choices available to players under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Like the canonical model, our illustrations involve insulated, self-interested actions arising from the presence or absence of trust and coordination among players. They differ from the canonical model by allowing for multiple, potentially cooperative equilibrium payoffs. Any cooperative action can be considered optimal if players coordinated on it, taking fully into account the quantifiable and multiplicable value of their second best strategies. Nonetheless, we suggest that any dominant solution/s should accommodate best evidence in health care to provide patients with the most suitable treatments and services. There lies the challenge in reconciling theory and practice in health economics. JEL Classifications: C70, C71, I11, I12
TNF induces neutrophil adhesion via formin-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization and activation of β-integrin function
Authors: Silveira Angélica Aparecida Antoniellis , Dominical Venina Marcela , Almeida Camila Bononi , Chweih Hanan , Ferreira Wilson Alves , Vicente Cristina Pontes , Costa Fabio Trindade Maranhão , Werneck Claudio C , Costa Fernando Ferreira , Conran Nicola 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Although essential for inflammatory responses, leukocyte recruitment to blood vessel walls in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as TNF-α, can contribute to vascular occlusion in inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. We aimed to further characterize the mechanisms by which TNF stimulates adhesive and morphologic alterations in neutrophils. Microfluidic and intravital assays confirmed the potent effect that TNF has on human and murine neutrophil adhesion and recruitment in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Inhibition of actin polymerization by cytochalasin D significantly diminished TNF-induced human neutrophil adhesion in vitro and abolished TNF-induced membrane alterations and cell spreading. In contrast, TNF-induced increases in β2-integrin (Mac-1 and LFA-1) expression was not significantly altered by actin polymerization inhibition. Consistent with a role for cytoskeletal rearrangements in TNF-induced adhesion, TNF augmented the activity of the Rho GTPase, RhoA, in human neutrophils. However, inhibition of the major RhoA effector protein, Rho kinase (ROCK), by Y-27632 failed to inhibit TNF-induced neutrophil adhesion. In contrast, the formin FH2 domain inhibitor, SMIFH2, abolished TNF-induced human neutrophil adhesion and diminished leukocyte recruitment in vivo. SMIFH2 also inhibited TNF-induced cytoskeletal reorganization in human neutrophils and abolished the alterations in β2-integrin expression elicited by TNF stimulation. As such, Rho GTPase/mDia formin-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization appears to participate in the orchestration of TNF-induced neutrophil-adhesive interactions, possibly mediated by formin-mediated actin nucleation and subsequent modulation of β2-integrin activity on the neutrophil surface. This pathway may represent a pharmacologic target for reducing leukocyte recruitment in inflammatory diseases.
ESCENARIOS PARA LA UBICACIÓN ÓPTIMA DE GENERACIÓN DISTRIBUIDA CON BASE EN UN ALGORITMO ANALÍTICO
Authors: González Herrera Diego Leonardo , Luna Russi Gustavo Adolfo , Rivas Trujillo Edwin 
Published: August 2017

En este artículo se presentan los escenarios de simulación planteados en base a un algoritmo analítico para la ubicación de la generación distribuida. En primera instancia se hace un recorrido por el estado del arte referente a los factores involucrados en la planeación de la demanda y estudios de cortocircuito. Así mismo, se exhibe la propuesta metodológica para evaluar el impacto y algunos resultados preliminares obtenidos.
SOLITONES KINK Y ANTIKENK EN LA ECUACIÓN DE SINE -GORDON
Authors: Segovia Chaves Francis Armando 
Published: August 2017

La ecuación de sine-Gordon es una ecuación diferencial no lineal, tiene grandes aplicaciones no solamente en la teoría de campos relativistas, sino también encuentra aplicación en la física del estado sólido y en el transporte de señales en la fibra óptica. En este trabajo se estudian dos soluciones que tiene esta ecuación diferencial como lo son las soluciones tipo solitón kink y soluciones tipo solitón antikink. Para obtener dichas soluciones se realiza el modelamiento matemático y se representa gráficamente su evolución espacio temporal.
ANÁLISIS DE ACCIDENTES DE TRABAJO Y ENFERMEDADES PROFESIONALES EN ACTIVIDADES DE PAVIMENTACIÓN CON ASFALTO
Authors: Moscote Orlando , Méndez Germán Andrés , Beltrán Rodríguez Carlos Andrés 
Published: August 2017

Dentro de los trabajos desarrollados al interior del grupo de investigación SES, se adelantan esfuerzos por el modelamiento de problemática social, encontrándose como uno de los principales ejes temáticos los riesgos laborales presentes en los trabajadores que realizan la actividad de pavimentación con asfaltos. Por ello, se adelantó una investigación tendiente a determinar las principales causas de accidentalidad en el trabajo y de riesgos profesionales para dichas actividades. De los resultados obtenidos se comprueba dos verdades evidentes y es que la exigencia física del trabajo en la pavimentación genera una alta probabilidad de accidentalidad y una alta incidencia en los dolores de espalda, pero resulta interesante analizar el impacto sobre esta accidentalidad de variables como el impacto del estado civil y la afición a los deportes. En el primer caso se puede explicar por la edad como un correlator tanto de la edad como de las enfermedades respiratorias y en el segundo caso es mejor estimular la práctica de los deportes para evitar los problemas respiratorios en este tipo de industria.
Sensorkonzept zur Bestimmung der Dampffeuchte und des thermischen Zustandspunkts von Nassdampf mittels Schwingungsspektroskopie
Authors: Stephan Simon , Uffrecht Wieland , Raddatz Mario 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird ein Sensorkonzept zur simultanen Messung der
Temperatur und der Dampffeuchte eines Dampf-Flüssigkeits-Gemisches,
insbesondere Wasser, auf der Basis der Infrarot-Spektroskopie
vorgestellt. Schwingungsspektren von Reinstoffen hängen neben der
Temperatur auch von dem Aggregatzustand und damit dem Phasengehalt
einer Probe ab. Es wird beschrieben, wie diese, aus der Literatur
bekannten, physikalischen Phänomene in ein technisches Messverfahren
übertragen werden können. Dazu werden unterschiedliche Algorithmen zur
simultanen Temperatur- und Dampffeuchteauswertung vorgeschlagen.
Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals a Nanoscale Organization of Acetylcholine Receptors for Trans-Synaptic Alignment at Neuromuscular Synapses
Authors: York Amanda L. , Zheng James Q. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a chemical synapse formed between motoneurons and skeletal muscle fibers. The vertebrate NMJ uses acetylcholine (ACh) as the neurotransmitter and features numerous invaginations of the postsynaptic muscle membrane termed junctional folds. ACh receptors (AChRs) are believed to be concentrated on the crest of junctional folds but their spatial organization remains to be fully understood. In this study, we utilized super-resolution microscopy to examine the nanoscale organization of AChRs at NMJ. Using Structured Illumination Microscopy, we found that AChRs appear as stripes within the pretzel-shaped mouse NMJs, which however, do not correlate with the size of the crests of junctional folds. By comparing the localization of AChRs with several pre- and postsynaptic markers of distinct compartments of NMJs, we found that AChRs are not distributed evenly across the crest of junctional folds as previously thought. Instead, AChR stripes are more closely aligned with the openings of junctional folds as well as with the presynaptic active zone. Using Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) for increased resolution, we found that each AChR stripe contains an AChR-poor slit at the center that is equivalent to the size of the opening of junctional folds. Together, these findings indicate that AChRs are largely localized to the edges of crests surrounding the opening of folds to align with the presynaptic active zones. Such a nanoscale organization of AChRs potentially enables trans-synaptic alignment for effective synaptic transmission of NMJs.
Disparities of Trastuzumab Use in Resource-Limited or Resource-Abundant Regions and Its Survival Benefit on HER2 Positive Breast Cancer: A Real-World Study from China
Authors: Li Jianbin , Wang Shusen , Wang Yongsheng , Wang Xiaojia , Wang Haibo , Feng Jifeng , Zhang Qingyuan , Sun Tao , Ouyang Quchang , Yin Yongmei , Liu Yinhua , Geng Cuizhi , Yan Min , Jiang Zefei 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Trastuzumab is a key component of therapy for human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer. Because real-world data are lacking, the present research was conducted to evaluate the actual use of and the effectiveness of trastuzumab in the real world in China.

Methods
Inpatients with HER2 positive invasive breast cancer from 13 hospitals in Eastern China (2010–2015, n = 1,139) were included in this study. We aimed to assess the actual use of trastuzumab and to evaluate potential efficacy from trastuzumab in real-world research.

Results
Of 1,017 patients with early stage breast cancer (EBC), 40.5% (412/1,017) received trastuzumab therapy. Patients with EBC in resource-abundant regions (gross domestic product per capita &gt;$15,000 and trastuzumab included in Medicare) are more likely to receive trastuzumab than those in resource-limited regions (37.3% vs. 13.0%, p &lt; .05). After metastasis, 50.8% (366/720) patients received trastuzumab as their first-line therapy. More than 10% of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) continued trastuzumab therapy after twice progression in resource-abundant regions, whereas more than 40% of patients never received any trastuzumab therapy during the whole course of therapy in resource-limited regions. Overall, the improvement in survival for trastuzumab versus non-trastuzumab was substantial in EBC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.609, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.505–0.744) and in MBC (HR = 0.541, 95% CI: 0.418–0.606). This association was greater for patients with MBC who had never received trastuzumab (HR = 0.493, 95% CI: 0.372–0.576) than for those who had received adequate trastuzumab therapy in EBC stage (HR = 0.878, 95% CI: 0.506–1.431).

Conclusion
This study showed great disparities in trastuzumab use in different regions and different treatment stages. Both EBC and MBC patients can benefit from trastuzumab, as the survival data show; however, when trastuzumab is adequate in the early stage, a further trastuzumab-based therapy in first-line treatment of MBC will be ineffective, especially for those with short disease-free survival, and a second line of anti-HER2 therapy will be recommended. (Research number: CSCO-BC RWS 15001).
Inocuidad de cultivos y alimentos biotecnológicos, “20 años de comercialización”
Authors: Garro-Monge Giovanni 
Published: August 2017

La biotecnología ha sido utilizada desde hace miles de años para obtener beneficios para el ser humano. Desde mucho antes los seres humanos han utilizado técnicas como la hibridación, mutagénesis y poliploidía, generando cambios a nivel genético para obtener características deseables Actualmente es posible utilizar la ingeniería genética para modificar o transferir genes de un organismo a otro con el fin de obtener productos con ciertas ventajas respecto a su contraparte convencional. Las técnicas de ingeniería genética se iniciaron desde hace 30 años a nivel de investigación y hace ya 20 años se comercializan a gran escala productos mediante estas las mismas. A pesar que se han generado diversas observaciones en cuanto a su inocuidad y bioseguridad por ciertos sectores de la sociedad a la fecha múltiples estudios con gran respaldo científico en diversas partes del mundo concluyen de manera general, que a nivel ambiental y de salud humana, no existen diferencias entre el mejoramiento convencional y el mejoramiento por ingeniería genética. El desarrollo de alimentos mejorados mediante biotecnología está acompañado por normas y marcos regulatorios de bioseguridad, los cuales involucran análisis de riesgo con pruebas de larga duración para asegurar la inocuidad del alimento.
Uso de sistemas de información geográfica para determinar pérdida de bosque y suelo de las nacientes administradas por acueductos rurales de la Zona Huetar Norte, Costa Rica
Authors: Navarro-Garro Alfonso , Araya-Rodríguez Freddy , Moreira-Segura Cristian , Ruiz-Agüero Keren 
Published: August 2017

En Costa Rica el suministro de agua para la población rural esta dado mayoritariamente por las Asociaciones Administradoras de los Acueductos y Alcantarillado (ASADAS). <br />Con el levantamiento espacial de las nacientes mediante un Sistema de Información Geográfica (GPS), además de realizar cálculos para determinar pérdida de bosque y suelo mediante las fórmulas Puyravaud (2003) y Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelo Revisada (RUSLE), durante el periodo 1997 al 2012. Este proceso realizado en un radio de 200 metros a la redonda de la naciente. Con estos procesos se determina la cobertura boscosa y la erosión en la superficie que rodea la naciente.<br />En la naciente denominada Caimitos y San Francisco, para el año 1997 la cobertura en los 200 metros a la redonda, era un superficie deforestada, contando con 12.3 hectáreas, lo cual se mantuvo en la misma condición para el año 2012, esta condición genera pérdidas de suelo importante para la naciente calculadas en 12.28 toneladas por hectárea por año, esto se clasifica como una erosión ligera, sin embargo hay nacientes que muestran erosión moderada, severa y muy severa.<br />La determinación de pérdida de bosque y erosión, junto con la elaboración de mapas y los de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), permiten establecer el comportamiento del bosque y la erosión, mediante modelados espaciales.
PROPOSTA DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE RELEVÂNCIA DE QUEDAS D’ÁGUA COMO SUBSÍDIO À CONSERVAÇÃO DO PATRIMÔNIO NATURAL
Authors: Oliveira Carmélia Kerolly Ramos de , Salgado André Augusto Rodrigues , Lopes Frederico Wagner de Azevedo 
Published: August 2017

A proteção do patrimônio natural abiótico está em voga no cenário acadêmico e nos órgãos ambientais. Entretanto, faltam legislações específicas e critérios técnicos sobre a temática, especialmente em relação ao patrimônio geológico/geomorfológico. Com as quedas d’água não é diferente, pois não existe legislação ou trabalhos referentes à geoconservação desses ambientes. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo levantar, através da metodologia Delphi, critérios que possibilitaram propor um protocolo para classificação da relevância das quedas d'água como suporte à legislação ambiental. O protocolo gerado foi testado em campo em 20 (vinte) das cachoeiras mais importantes e de reconhecida beleza cênica do trecho mineiro da Estrada Real (Minas Gerais) visando verificar se a definição de critérios teoricamente levantada pelos especialistas – técnica Delphi – era coerente com a realidade. Após o teste do protocolo nas cachoeiras selecionadas, foi possível através de um método multicritérios de auxilio a decisão, enquadrar as quedas d’água visitadas nas seguintes classes de acordo com sua pontuação: (i) extrema; (ii) alta; (iii) média e; (iv) baixa. Os resultados demonstraram que foi possível se criar um protocolo de classificação de quedas d´água de acordo com sua relevância.
Determination of Trophic Structure in Selected Freshwater Ecosystems by using Stable Isotope Analysis
Authors: Amila Faqhira Zainordin  , Suhaila Ab Hamid  
Published: August 2017

Stable isotope analysis has been used extensively to establish trophic relationships in many ecosystems. Present study utilised stable isotope signatures of carbon and nitrogen to identify trophic structure of aquatic food web in river and rice field ecosystems in Perak, northern peninsular Malaysia. The mean ?13C values of all producers ranged from - 35.29 ± 0.21 to - 26.00 ± 0.050 ‰. The greatest ?15N values noted was in zenarchopterid fish with 9.68 ± 0.020 ‰. The ?15N values of aquatic insects ranged between 2.59 ± 0.107 in Elmidae (Coleoptera) and 8.11 ± 0.022 ‰ in Nepidae (Hemiptera). Correspondingly, with all the ?13C and ?15N values recorded, it can be deduced that there are four trophic levels existed in the freshwater ecosystems which started with the producer (plants), followed by primary consumer (aquatic insects and non-predatory fish), secondary consumer (invertebrate predators) and lastly tertiary consumer (vertebrate predators).

Analisis isotop stabil telah digunakan secara meluas untuk mewujudkan hubungan trofik dalam pelbagai ekosistem. Kajian ini menggunakan tanda isotop stabil karbon dan nitrogen untuk mengenal pasti jaringan makanan akuatik dalam ekosistem sungai dan sawah padi di Perak, utara Semenanjung Malaysia, dan juga untuk menentukan struktur trofik jaringan makanan yang telah dikenal pasti. Nilai min ?13C untuk semua pengeluar berjulat dari - 35.29 ± 0.21 hingga - 26.00 ± 0.050 ‰. Nilai ?15N yang terbesar terdapat dalam ikan zenarchopterid dengan 9.68 ± 0.020 ‰. Nilai ?15N serangga akuatik berjulat antara 2.59 ± 0.107 dalam Elmidae (Coleoptera) dan 8.11 ± 0.022 ‰ dalam Nepidae (Hemiptera). Sehubungan dengan itu, dengan semua nilai ?13C dan ?15N yang telah direkod, ia boleh disimpulkan bahawa terdapat empat tahap trofik yang wujud dalam ekosistem air tawar yang bermula dengan pengeluar (tumbuh-tumbuhan), diikuti oleh konsumer primer (serangga akuatik dan ikan bukan pemangsa), konsumer sekunder (pemangsa invertebrata) dan akhir sekali konsumer tertier (pemangsa vertebrata).
Vascular Access Type and Clinical Outcomes among Elderly Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Lee Timmy , Thamer Mae , Zhang Qian , Zhang Yi , Allon Michael 
Published: August 2017

Background and objectives
The optimal type of initial permanent access for hemodialysis among the elderly is controversial. Duration of central venous catheter dependence, patient comorbidities, and life expectancy are important considerations in whether to place an arteriovenous fistula or graft. We used an observational study design to compare clinical outcomes in elderly patients who initiated hemodialysis with a central venous catheter and subsequently had an arteriovenous fistula or graft placed.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We identified 9458 United States patients ages ≥67 years old who initiated hemodialysis from July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011 with a central venous catheter and no secondary vascular access and then received an arteriovenous fistula (n=7433) or graft (n=2025) within 6 months. We evaluated key clinical outcomes during the 6 months after vascular access placement coincident with high rates of catheter use and used a matched propensity score analysis to examine patient survival.

Results
Central venous catheter dependence was greater in every month during the 6-month period after arteriovenous fistula versus graft placement (P<0.001). However, rates of all-cause infection-related hospitalization (adjusted relative risk, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 0.99; P=0.01) and bacteremia/septicemia-related hospitalization (adjusted relative risk, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 0.98; P=0.02) were lower in the arteriovenous fistula versus graft group as was the adjusted risk of death (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 0.80; P<0.001).

Conclusions
Despite extended central venous catheter dependence, elderly patients initiating hemodialysis with a central venous catheter who underwent arteriovenous fistula placement within 6 months had fewer hospitalizations due to infections and a lower likelihood of death than those receiving an arteriovenous graft.
lan Gibson, Federico García Lorca, t. 1: De Fuente Vaqueros a Nueva York, 1898-1929. Grijalbo, Barcelona, 1985; 721 pp.
Authors: Cifuentes Luis Fernando 
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Federico García Lorca, t. 1: De Fuente Vaqueros a Nueva York, 1898-1929.
DIVERSI DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK DI INDONESIA
Authors: MAYA SARI MADE AYU CITRA 
Published: August 2017

The criminal act that happens currently in the society is not done only by adult, even there is a trend that the person who did it was included in the children age. Legally, a call for a person who committed a crime that included in the children age is known as a child who has conflict with law. One of state’s efforts to protect the child who has conflict with law is by implementing the Diversion pattern, that is handling process to a child who has conflict with law is shifted from the formal to be a non-formal process. This research with the normative research type that is supported by the empirical data has purpose to investigate and study the Diversion ideas in the law protection to the child who has conflict with law, and further to find out the concrete implementation that is drafted in the Law of Children Jurisdiction System these days (Law No. 11 Year 2012) and the application by all law enforcer component and the related institutions that involves in the handling of the cases of child who has conflict with law in due process of law from the level of investigation, prosecution, court session and the development in the Prison for Children.