bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Compact Solar Telescope with Wavefront Correction Ability
Authors: Gu Naiting , Chen Hao , Tang Ao , Fan Xinlong , Noda Carlos Quintero , Xiao Yawei , Zhong Libo , Wu Xiaosong , Zhang Zhenyu , Yang Yanrong , Wu Xiaohu , Huang Linhai , Yi Zao , Rao Changhui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Solar telescope is the primary means of carrying out high-resolution solar observations and advanced heliophysical research, while adaptive optics has become requisite technology to address the limitations of the atmosphere turbulence in terms of imaging resolution. However, in previous works, the adaptive optics system was designed independently behind the solar telescope, which makes the system large and complex, with low transmittance and significant instrumental polarization, thus limiting the performance of solar telescopes. Here, we develop a novel and ultra-compact solar telescopes with wavefront correction ability, called solar adaptive optics telescope (SAOT), which hides the adaptive optics system into the solar telescope. The proposed full-wavefront measurement method obtains the global tip-tilt and higher-order wavefront aberrations synchronously by using only one Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor, which are corrected by the only secondary deformable mirror (SDM) simultaneously. As a result, the presented SAOT looks like a simple solar telescope, but it has comprehensive wavefront correction and fine tracking ability, significantly improving system integration, transmission efficiency, and even reliability while reducing instrumental polarization. A 600 mm prototype of SAOT is also built and can realize high-resolution observation of the solar photosphere layer in the sky. The numeric simulations, experiments, and observing results verify the validity and feasibility of the presented SAOT method, and the successful development and observation of SAOT, which marks a significant milestone in the field, offers valuable insights for the future advancement of large solar telescopes.
A framework for understanding the path to achieve high resilience of maritime supply chain: A case study of China shipping industry
Authors: Chen Xiuqian , Chu Liangyong , Wang Mengyao , Chen Qion , Yu Qing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In recent years, a significant rise in international sudden risk events has resulted in impacts and disruptions to maritime supply chains. The resilience of maritime supply chains has garnered attention from the academic, industrial, and government sectors. The paper proposes a methodological framework based on the structural equation model (SEM), Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA), fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), and utilizes questionnaire data from the maritime industry in China to evaluate the resilience in MSC. The computational results indicate that: (1) The high resilience of MSC is the result of the synergistic interaction among multiple factors, and these factors boost MSC resilience through diverse paths; (2) There are four pathways for high MSC resilience: the 'synergy + carbon reduction + digitization' path, the 'early warning + synergy' path, the 'agility + early warning' path, and the 'carbon reduction' path; (3) Digitization level can play a catalytic role in increasing the resilience of MSC by helping other factors. This paper reveals the multiple routes to enhance the resilience of MSC, which can instruct MSC members to choose the correct resilience management strategies based on their existing resources and situations and can help both practitioners and researchers to understand in more detail of the various dimensions and nuances of resilience in the context of MSC.
Optimal discrimination between mixed models through nature-inspired algorithms
Authors: Casero-Alonso Víctor , López-Fidalgo Jesús , Pozuelo-Campos Sergio , Tommasi Chiara , Wong Weng Kee 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

It is common in the optimal design literature to assume that the model has no random effects and it is known, apart from model parameters. Random effects models are widely applied across all disciplines, particularly in the life sciences and clinical studies. This paper assumes there are several plausible models and we want to find a design that optimally discriminates among models with random effects in them.
A common design criterion for discriminating between models with fixed effects is the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence criterion. It is a maximin-type of criterion, not differentiable and is a 3-layer nested optimization problem over very distinct domains. Consequently, optimal designs for discriminating models are notoriously difficult to determine, not only analytically, but also computationally. This paper provides theoretical results for the KL-optimality criterion value for discriminating among random effects models and implements a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm to facilitate the search for an optimal discrimination design. Our methodology is quite general and applies to discriminating random effects models with multiple interacting experimental conditions which may be continuous or discrete. We provide two applications; the first finds a design that optimally discriminates among fractional polynomials with a single continuous variable, and the second identifies the best design to discriminate among several multi-factor random effects models.
Anti-drift Preserving Network with UAV ImageSuper-resolution
Authors: S Greeshma M , R Bindu V 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

UAV Image Super-Resolution has become increasingly prominent in recent times, owing to the widespread use of atmosphere monitoring, tracking, and surveillance, which are critical areas of interest. The primary focus of this work revolves around enhancing the resolution of UAV images, utilizing an anti-drift network as a key component. Past endeavours in this domain faced difficult hurdles, primarily attributed to the dynamic characteristics of the target data. This work accelerated the process by conducting experiments on benchmark datasets such as VisDrone and UAVid. These datasets showcase densely populated scenes featuring objects such as people and vehicles, which often undergo significant variations in density; identifying where these density changes occur over varying time intervals presents a complex challenge. To tackle these challenges, we propose a Context-reasoning Swin-transformer Graph Attention Network that employs the Swin transformer,semantic reasoning and context-aware graph attention to modulate context descriptors by semantic reasoning along spatial-channel interaction tensor to extract more global contextual information for UAV SR. Our proposed approach has been thoroughly evaluated through extensive experimental results and ablation studies, showcasing its effectiveness and efficiency. It consistently surpasses state-of-the-art methods by a notable margin, achieving more than 0.5 dB improvements.
Exploring the Physical and Mental Health Challenges of Teenage Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Tahiru Rafatu , Kona Comfort , Nyari Abiba , Mohammed Tawfik , Pawmang Dorothy Anukem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Teenage pregnancy poses significant public health challenges globally, particularly affecting the physical and mental well-being of adolescent girls. Despite a global decline in teenage birth rates, regions like sub-Saharan Africa continue to experience high prevalence. In Ghana's Tamale metropolis, teenage pregnancy rates have shown a concerning rise, underscoring the need for an in-depth exploration of its multifaceted impacts. This study aims to explore the physical and mental health effects of teenage pregnancy in the Tamale metropolis, capturing their personal experiences and coping mechanisms.
Methods
Employing a qualitative exploratory descriptive design, the study conducted a focus group discussion with 10 first-time teenage mothers aged 13–19 whose babies were less than 1 month. Participants were purposively sampled from antenatal records across five Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) compounds. Discussions, guided by the socioecological model, were transcribed, translated, and thematically analyzed using NVivo software.
Results
Participants reported numerous physical health challenges, including severe nausea, vomiting, exhaustion, musculoskeletal pain, and infections like candidiasis. Mental health struggles encompass feelings of sadness, irritability, anxiety, and societal-induced stress. Coping strategies varied, with reliance on trusted individuals, avoidance of social situations, support from healthcare professionals, and family backing emerging as predominant themes.
Conclusion
This study revealed profound physical and mental health challenges compounded by societal stigma and limited resources. Strengthening social support networks, reducing stigma, and promoting patient-centered care are imperative. Targeted interventions are also essential to enhance health outcomes for these young mothers and their children.
Synthesis of ZnO/Zeolite from Coal Fly Ash and its Utilization for Clindamycin Adsorption
Authors: Veronica Jessica , Mora Abraham , Anwar Budiman , Yuliani Galuh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This research aims to obtain FA-based zeolites modified with zinc oxide (ZFA-ZnO) to adsorb the antibiotic clindamycin. The method used in this research was hydrothermal synthesis using an autoclave to obtain ZFA-ZnO and a batch system was used for adsorption capacity measurements. ZFA-ZnO was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The analyses of the clindamycin solution were conducted using an Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis). Based on the results of XRD and SEM characterization, the best synthesis conditions were obtained at a temperature of 160oC for 9 h as indicated by an increase in the zeolite and ZnO crystal phases and a smaller average particle size. Magnetic ZFA-ZnO at a temperature of 160oC (ZFA-ZnO160 M) is a type of zeolite with the highest adsorption percentage, namely, 89.41%. Adsorption data shows that the optimum pH for adsorbing the antibiotic clindamycin is pH 6 with an adsorption percentage of ZFA160 M of 82.43% and ZFA-ZnO160 M of 94.5%. The adsorption isotherm data for ZFA160 M best fits the Langmuir model, while for ZFA-ZnO160 M fits the Redlich Peterson isotherm model. The adsorption mechanism is thought to occur in a monolayer through the interaction of active Si-O functional groups on the zeolite as proven by functional group absorption analysis using FTIR.
Global PM2.5 Exposure Inequality Hindering Progress Toward Air Quality-Related SDGs
Authors: He Chao , Huang Chaoqing , Zhang Ping , Wu Qian , Wang Yuan , Zeng Zhaoliang , Zhang Lu , Miao Chunping , Yue Fang , Tang Yun , Zhou Jingwei , Zhou Yiqi , Wang Yanwen , Yang Lu , Hong Song , Peng Sha , Gong Xusheng , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Under the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), mitigating global PM2.5 exposure inequality has become a worldwide task. However, the relationship between PM2.5 exposure inequality and the SDGs remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the spatial distribution of global PM2.5 exposure inequality from 2000 to 2019 on a global scale and investigated the interactions between PM2.5 exposure inequality and the SDGs. The results indicate that global PM2.5 exposure inequality is increasingly worsening. Compared with high-income and low-income regions, middle- and lower-income regions have higher levels of PM2.5 exposure inequality and face greater risks of PM2.5 exposure and associated health impacts. Our analysis of the relationship between PM2.5 exposure inequality and the SDGs reveals that the positive impact of air-SDGs related to air pollution and health, such as SDG3, SDG5, SDG8, and SDG13, on global PM2.5 exposure inequality is becoming increasingly significant. In contrast, the negative impact of SDG2, SDG7, and SDG10 on global PM2.5 exposure inequality has been growing annually. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between PM2.5 exposure inequality and the SDGs and offer a reference for future efforts to build healthier and more equitable urban air environments.
Intentions to use PrEP among a national sample of transgender and gender-expansive youth and emerging adults: Examining gender minority stress, substance use, and gender affirmation.
Authors: Cluesman Sabrina R. , Gwadz Marya , Cleland Charles M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Transgender and gender-expansive youth/emerging adults ages 13–24 years, experience disproportionate HIV risk, yet have among the lowest US PrEP uptake rates (< 10%). Still, factors that promote or impede PrEP outcomes for this population are poorly understood. This study examines the effects of gender minority stressors, gender affirmation, and heavy substance use on their PrEP outcomes. Data were drawn from the CDC’s 2018 START study, which included transgender and gender-expansive youth/emerging adults indicated for PrEP (N = 972). We developed a conceptual model integrating the gender minority stress and gender affirmation models. We mapped START items onto it, including distal (family rejection, medical discrimination) and proximal (internalized transphobia, perceived TGE-stigma) gender minority stressors, heavy substance use, background factors, and gender affirmation across five domains. Structural equation modeling (Mplus-8.9) was used to examine factors related to PrEP intentions. Most participants were 18–24 (68%), trans-female (46%) and White (45%). Additionally, 40% reported heavy substance use behaviors. Medical discrimination increased internalized transphobia (b = 0.097, SE = 0.034, p = 0.005) and perceived stigma (b = 0.087, SE = 0.034, p = 0.010). Family rejection also increased perceived stigma (b = 0.181, SE = 0.032, p < 0.001) and heavy substance use (b = 0.260, SE = 0.053, p < 0.001), and perceived stigma (b = 0.106, SE = 0.037, p = 0.004) increased heavy substance use. Notably, perceived stigma (b = -0.085, SE = 0.027, p = 0.002) and heavy substance use (b = -0.161, SE = 0.031, p < 0.001) decreased intentions to take PrEP, while gender affirmation increased PrEP intentions (b = 0.045, SE = 0.019, p = 0.020). Moreover, a 1-point increase in gender affirmation reduced the risk of heavy substance use by -0.179 (SE = 0.030; p < 0.001) in the presence of family rejection, and by -0.074 (SE = 0.041; p = 0.074) when perceived TGE stigma was present. This study underscores the importance of addressing heavy substance use among transgender/gender-expansive young people as a potential barrier to PrEP uptake. Future research could explore how gender affirmation acts as a protective factor against the negative impact of family rejection and perceived stigma on heavy substance behaviors among these populations.
Active aldehydes accelerate CD8+ T cell exhaustion through metabolic alteration in tumor microenvironment
Authors: Chamoto Kenji , Haku Yasuharu , Kitaoka Koji , Wang Jun , Ichimaru Koki , Ito Katsuhiro , Kozuki Tomohiro , Yurimoto Keiko , Menju Toshi , Date Hiroshi , Kobayashi Takashi , Omori Koichi , Yaguchi Tomonori , Honjo Tasuku 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Glycolysis and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) regulate CD8+ T cell differentiation fate. However, how glycolysis and FAO balance are associated with T-cell exhaustion remains unknown. PD-1 signal inhibits glycolysis and enhances FAO. We find that CD8+ T cells in the tumors adhered to glycolysis with attenuated FAO despite high PD-1 expression, which was defined as “metabolic exhaustion.” Active aldehydes, final products of lipid peroxidation, accumulate in CD8+ T cells in proportion to their exhaustion depth in mouse and human tumor tissues. Active aldehydes strongly promote glycolysis and inhibit the FAO activity in T cells. Mice deficient for an FAO enzyme, specifically in T cells, generate more active aldehydes, enhancing T-cell exhaustion and attenuating anti-tumor immunity. Super-resolution microscopy analysis reveals that active aldehydes are primarily generated from mitochondria in the exhausted T cells, which is associated with mitochondrial damage. Inhibitors of lipid peroxidation or active aldehydes enhanced the anti-tumor effect of the PD-1 blockade therapy by rectifying metabolic exhaustion. Therefore, active aldehydes resulting from FAO impairment cause a vicious cycle of metabolic imbalance that leads to T cell exhaustion.
Racial Disparities in Pain Between Non-Hispanic Whites and Asian Americans with Knee Osteoarthritis: The Role of Pain Catastrophizing
Authors: Lee Chiyoung , Kwoh Kent , Park Juyoung , Park Lindsay , Ahn Hyochol 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Although a few studies have delineated the disparities in knee osteoarthritis (OA) pain between non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and Asian Americans, a significant research gap persists in elucidating the mechanisms underlying these differences.
Objective: This pilot study aimed to examine psychological factors, specifically pain catastrophizing and negative affect, as potential explanatory mechanisms for these dissimilarities.
Methods: Forty community-dwelling participants aged 50–70 years with self-reported knee OA pain, including 20 NHWs and 20 Asian Americans, were recruited. Clinical knee OA pain intensity was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Short -Form-McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2). Quantitative sensory testing was used to measure experimental sensitivity to heat- and mechanically induced pain. Pain catastrophizing was evaluated using the Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Revised Pain Catastrophizing subscale, while negative affect was assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Bayesian mediation analyses were employed to examine both direct and indirect effects (mediation) between variables.
Results: Asian Americans exhibited higher pain catastrophizing scores than NHWs. Pain catastrophizing, at high levels, contributed to WOMAC- and SF-MPQ-2-measured clinical pain, and it fully mediated the relationship between race and these pain measures. However, race had no indirect effects on experimental pain sensitivity through pain catastrophizing. While Asian Americans yielded higher negative affect scores and greater experimental pain sensitivity than NHWs, race exerted no indirect effects on all pain measures via negative affect.
Conclusions: Pain catastrophizing appears crucial in addressing racial disparities in clinical knee OA pain between NHWs and Asian Americans. The lack of indirect effects of race on experimental pain sensitivity through pain catastrophizing suggests the need to explore other factors, such as genetic and biological influences. Further research using larger sample sizes is essential to validate our findings and clarify the role of negative affect.
Dopamine alters functional gradients in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Orlando Isabella F , Tan Joshua B , Taylor Natasha L , Medel Vicente , Wainstein Gabriel , Lewis Simon J.G. , Shine James M , O'Callaghan Claire 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Neuromodulators regulate large-scale brain network topology to support adaptive behaviour. Disease models offer a unique window into how neuromodulatory systems impact large-scale brain network organisation. Here, we take advantage of Parkinson’s disease – with its profound dopaminergic loss and pro-dopaminergic treatment strategies – to inform how dopamine may influence large-scale brain organisation. In 27 people with Parkinson’s disease, resting-state scans were obtained on their regular dopamine medication and following overnight withdrawal of medication. Nineteen matched controls provided normative data. Gradients of brain organisation were examined using dimensionality reduction techniques. For single gradients, when individuals were on their dopamine medication, we observed a shift in higher-order networks towards somatomotor anchors. When interrogated in the multi-dimensional gradient space, we found that dopamine medication enhanced separation between functionally discrete sensory and higher-order networks. This increase in dispersion was dependent on an individual’s dopamine dose level, and increased dispersion was more apparent in regions enriched with dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene expression. Together these findings substantiate a role for dopamine in modulating large-scale functional brain organisation. Our findings further confirm that medication targeting the dopamine system may achieve its benefit by restoring aspects of network topology, and suggest new hypotheses about how dopamine medication is influencing large-scale functional brain organisation in Parkinson’s disease.
Hanswilkeite, KFeS2, a new peralkaline sulfide mineral
Authors: Britvin Sergey N. , Murashko Mikhail N. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. , Vereshchagin Oleg S. , Vapnik Yevgeny , Vlasenko Natalia S. , Shelukhina Yulia S. , Bocharov Vladimir N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hanswilkeite, KFe3+S2, is a new potassium-rich natural sulfide discovered in the pyrometamorphic suite of the Hatrurim Formation, southern Negev Desert, Dead Sea basin, Israel. The mineral occurs in sulfide-calcite assemblages confined to black-colored calcite-spurrite marbles. It forms single-crystal grains up to 1 mm in size, isometric to lath-like, often intergrown with a less-common rasvumite, KFe2S3. Associated minerals include srebrodolskite, tilleyite, fluormayenite, cuspidine, fluorapatite, oldhamite, pyrite, and andradite. Macroscopically, hanswilkeite has a deep-purple color, dull metallic luster and brown-black streak. The Mohs’ hardness is 2. Moderate cleavage was observed along the c-axis. The calculated density is 2.654 g·cm-3. The Raman spectrum contains the following bands: 379, 357, 289, 236, 167, 131 and 124 cm-1. In reflected light, the mineral has very strong pleochroism from yellow-pink to dark-grey. Anisotropy is very strong, ∆R589 = 69 %. Reflectance values for COM required wavelengths measured in air, Rmax/Rmin (λ, nm) (%): 16.0/9.2 (470); 19.6/9.3 (546); 18.5/9.0 (589); 32.0/9.3 (650). Chemical composition (electron microprobe, average of 6 points, wt. %): K 23.78, Ca 0.44, Fe 34.75, Mn 0.60, Zn 0.47, S 39.46, Total 99.5, that corresponds to empirical formula (K0.98Ca0.02)1.00(Fe1.00Mn0.02Zn0.01)1.03S1.98 (Σ = 4 apfu) or ideally KFe3+S2. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study shows that the mineral is monoclinic, space group C2/c (#15), with unit-cell parameters a = 7.0914(5), b = 11.3154(5), c = 5.3992(3) Å, β = 113.244(7)°, V = 398.08(4) Å3 and Z = 4. Strongest lines of X-ray powder diffraction pattern [d in Å(I)(hkl)]: 5.68(100)(020,110); 3.270(31)(130); 3.227(29)(111); 2.921(45)(–221); 2.510(12)(131); 2.198(12)(–132); 1.880(10)(330). The crystal structure has been solved and refined to R1 = 0.038 for 454 unique observed reflections [I ≥ 2σ(I)]. The structure consists of infinite chains of edge-sharing tetrahedra [FeS4]– centered with Fe3+; the sulfide chains are linked by K+ ions. Hanswilkeite is the third discovered dithioferrate mineral: a sulfosalt that contains [FeS2]– anion with iron in Fe3+ state. Other known natural dithioferrates are erdite, NaFeS2·2H2O, and raguinite, TlFeS2. Hanswilkeite has a synthetic counterpart and a group of related synthetic sulfides and selenides, well studied due to specific electrical and magnetic properties owed to their quasi-one-dimensional structures. The mineral can be considered as an indicator of an extreme potassium-rich environment superimposed onto anhydrous and oxidizing formation conditions. The association with oldhamite is herein discussed in view of super-reduced conditions previously supposed for oldhamite geosynthesis.