bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Titanium‐Substituted Polyoxotantalate Clusters Exhibiting Wide pH Stabilities: [Ti2Ta8O28]8− and [Ti12Ta6O44]10−
Authors: Son Jung‐Ho , Casey William H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTwo new substituted polyoxotantalate clusters, [Ti2Ta8O28]8− and [Ti12Ta6O44]10−, considerably expand the pH range where tantalates persist in aqueous solution. The structures of [Ti2Ta8O28]8− and [Ti12Ta6O44]10− are reported as tetramethylammonium salts after synthesis at hydrothermal conditions in aqueous solution. These Ti‐substituted polyoxotantalate clusters have analogues among recently discovered niobates, but are slightly larger and more persistent in solution. Most importantly, they exhibit a much wider range of pH stability than the familiar hexatantalate cluster, which is the only other tantalate known to be stable at highly basic pH conditions. These molecules are kinetically stable to near‐neutral pH, making them excellent synthons for further development into materials and catalysts, and an significant advance in adapting tantalates for use in aqueous solutions.
Simulating Spatial Microwave Manipulation of Polyatomic Asymmetric‐Top Molecules Using a Multi‐Level Approach
Authors: Graneek Jack B. , Merz Simon , Patterson David , Betz Thomas , Schnell Melanie 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA numerical approach that employs a multi‐level dressed state method to determine the AC‐Stark shifts of molecular rotational energy levels is described. This approach goes beyond the two‐level approximation often employed for simpler molecules, such as ammonia and acetonitrile, and is applicable to a variety of molecules. The calculations are used to develop experiments aimed at focusing, guiding, decelerating and trapping neutral, polyatomic, asymmetric‐top molecules by using microwave fields. Herein, numerical calculations are performed for acetonitrile and 4‐aminobenzonitrile. Based on these results, trajectory simulations are performed to predict the outcome of microwave focusing experiments in the TE1,1,p mode of a cylindrically symmetric microwave resonator. Simulations show that, for such an experimental setup, microwave focusing and guiding of 4‐aminobenzonitrile requires starting longitudinal velocities close to, or below, 100 m s−1, that is, much lower than values obtained with standard molecular beam techniques, such as supersonic expansion. Therefore, alternative beam‐generation techniques, for example, buffer‐gas‐cooled molecular beams, are required to extend microwave manipulation methods to larger and more complex molecules.
Developing a Compassionate Internal Supervisor: Compassion‐Focused Therapy for Trainee Therapists
Authors: Bell Tobyn , Dixon Alison , Kolts Russell 
Published: July 2016

The concept of an ‘internal supervisor’ has been used in psychotherapy to describe the way in which the supervisory relationship is internalized and utilized by the supervisee. This research explores the possibility, and potential benefit, of training therapists to develop a ‘compassionate internal supervisor’. A training programme was developed for trainee cognitive‐behavioural therapists using adapted versions of compassion‐focused therapy interventions. The training focused on guided imagery exercises and reflective practices undertaken for a 4‐week period. Seven trainee cognitive‐behavioural therapists were interviewed, utilizing a semi‐structured format, regarding their experience of the training programme. The resulting transcriptions were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The analysis identified six super‐ordinate themes: (1) the varied nature of the supervisor image, (2) blocks and their overcoming, (3) increased compassion and regulation of emotion, (4) impact on cognitive processes, (5) internalization and integration, and (6) professional and personal benefit. The themes describe the varied ways in which participants created and experienced their compassionate supervisor imagery. Working with the personal blocks encountered in the process provided participants with a deeper understanding of the nature of compassion and its potential to support them in their training, practice and personal lives. The process and impact of ‘internalizing’ a compassionate supervisory relationship is described by participants and then discussed for potential implications for psychotherapy training and self‐practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Compassion‐focused therapy, and related compassionate‐mind imagery exercises, can be adapted specifically to develop compassion in trainee psychotherapists.
Creating, and engaging with, an ’ideal compassionate supervisor‘ in an imaginal form can support psychotherapy trainees in their clinical practice and development, their supervision and their personal lives.
The cultivation of therapist self‐compassion can reduce unhelpful cognitive processes such as worry, rumination and self‐criticism whilst increasing self‐reflection, attentional flexibility and approach behaviour.
Identifying, and working with, blocks to compassion is important when cultivating clinician self‐compassion
Therapist self‐practice of compassion‐focused exercises can provide important insights into the nature of compassion and its cultivation in clients
Analysis and design of discrete‐time charge domain filters with complex conjugate poles
Authors: Sohrabi Zahra , Jannesari Abumoslem 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis paper proposes a discrete‐time charge domain filter that achieves complex conjugate poles in the transfer function of the filter. To achieve complex conjugate poles, local feedbacks are inserted around two successive discrete‐time integrators. The feedback path is implemented through a transconductance cell which applies a continuous time current into the integrators. Analytical models have been proposed to approximate the behavior of the filter. These models confirm that the structure is capable of realizing complex poles and thus can be used to synthesize any type of filter structures such as Butterworth, Chebysheve, etc. To show the effectiveness of the proposed architecture, Butterworth filters of order 2 and 4 operating at 50MS/s are designed and implemented in 180‐nm CMOS technology with 1.8‐V power supply. The effect of circuit nonidealities on the performance of the filter is analyzed and verified through simulations. Simulation results show that a conventional charge domain filter can be simply extended to implement complex conjugate poles while the noise and linearity performance of the filter are also improved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound guided FNA of thyroid performed by cytopathologists enhances Bethesda diagnostic value
Authors: Wu Maoxin , Choi YoonSun , Zhang Zesong , Si Quisheng , Salem Fadi , Szporn Arnold , Zhang David , Burstein David , Teng Marita , Miles Brett A. , Genden Eric 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundUltrasound (US) guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of thyroid are examined and reported by cytopathologists based usually on The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BTC) regardless of the procedure's performers. This study is designed to determine whether there is any performer‐dependent difference.MethodsSix hundred and fifty‐one thyroid US‐FNAs in correlation with surgical follow‐up (SFU) were studied. The statistical analysis was performed using the surgical pathology diagnosis as the gold standard.ResultsAmong the 283 cases performed by cytopathologists, there were 8 (2.8%) nondiagnostic (BTC I), 197 (69.6%) benign (BTC II), 31 (11%) atypical (BTC III), 14 (5%) suspicious for follicular neoplasm (BTC IV), 12 (4.2%) suspicious for malignancy (BTC V), and 21 (7.4%) positive for malignancy (BTC VI), and there were 55 (19.4%) cases with SFU. The 368 cases performed by others showed 76 (21%) BTC I, 238 (65%) BTC II, 26 (7%) BTC III, 10 (3%) BTC IV, 9 (2.5%) BTC V 5, and 9 (2.5%) BTC VI, and there were 26 (7%) cases with SFU. The cytopathologist group achieved better sensitivity (91.3 vs.78%); slightly better specificity (83.3 vs. 82%); better positive predictive value (87.5 vs. 70%); similar negative predictive value (88.2 vs. 88%); and better overall accuracy (87.8 vs. 81%) compared with the non‐cytopathologist group. Overall the difference for all statistical values is significant different (P = 0.041).ConclusionUS‐FNA performed by cytopathologists showed a lower unsatisfactory rate and significantly better overall statistical values. Cytopathologists may play an important role in thyroid patient care. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:787–791. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fitting state‐space integral projection models to size‐structured time series data to estimate unknown parameters
Authors: White J. Wilson , Nickols Kerry J. , Malone Daniel , Carr Mark H. , Starr Richard M. , Cordoleani Flora , Baskett Marissa L. , Hastings Alan , Botsford Louis W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntegral projection models (IPMs) have a number of advantages over matrix‐model approaches for analyzing size‐structured population dynamics, because the latter require parameter estimates for each age or stage transition. However,IPMs still require appropriate data. Typically they are parameterized using individual‐scale relationships between body size and demographic rates, but these are not always available. We present an alternative approach for estimating demographic parameters from time series of size‐structured survey data using a Bayesian state‐spaceIPM(SSIPM). By fitting anIPMin a state‐space framework, we estimate unknown parameters and explicitly account for process and measurement error in a dataset to estimate the underlying process model dynamics. We tested our method by fittingSSIPMs to simulated data; the model fit the simulated size distributions well and estimated unknown demographic parameters accurately. We then illustrated our method using nine years of annual surveys of the density and size distribution of two fish species (blue rockfish,Sebastes mystinus, and gopher rockfish,S. carnatus) at seven kelp forest sites in California. TheSSIPMproduced reasonable fits to the data, and estimated fishing rates for both species that were higher than our Bayesian prior estimates based on coast‐wide stock assessment estimates of harvest. That improvement reinforces the value of being able to estimate demographic parameters from local‐scale monitoring data. We highlight a number of key decision points inSSIPMdevelopment (e.g., open vs. closed demography, number of particles in the state‐space filter) so that users can apply the method to their own datasets.
Water motion modulates predator nonconsumptive limitation of prey recruitment
Authors: Ellrich Julius A. , Scrosati Ricardo A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPredator chemical cues can elicit behavioral changes in prey to minimize predation risk. Recent field studies have shown that such predator nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) can ultimately affect prey demography. The environment is known to modulate predator consumptive effects on prey demography, but the environmental modulation of predator NCEs on prey demography remains unstudied. We investigated this knowledge gap using an intertidal predator–prey system. Dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus) chemical cues can limit barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides) recruitment by limiting larval settlement. As waves disperse chemicals in coastal environments, we experimentally tested the hypothesis that wave exposure limits dogwhelk NCEs on barnacle recruitment. Shortly before the barnacle recruitment season of 2013 (May–June), we established cages in rocky intertidal habitats in Atlantic Canada under two levels of wave exposure. The cages were used to manipulate the presence and absence of dogwhelks. At the center of each cage, we installed a tile where barnacle pelagic larvae could settle and develop into recruits. Mesh prevented caged dogwhelks from accessing the tiles, but allowed their waterborne cues to reach the tiles. Data collected at the end of the recruitment season indicated that dogwhelk cues limited barnacle recruitment in wave‐sheltered habitats but had no effect on recruitment in wave‐exposed habitats. These findings suggest that predicting predator NCEs on prey demography may require environmental information related to the ability of prey to locate predators.
A novel carrier element‐free co‐precipitation method for separation/preconcentration of lead and cadmium ions from environmental matrices
Authors: Bulut Volkan Numan , Demirci Hamit , Ozdes Duygu , Gundogdu Ali , Bekircan Olcay , Soylak Mustafa , Duran Celal 
Published: July 2016

A new separation and pre‐concentration method was presented in this study for two trace heavy metal ions, lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) from aqueous solutions, based on a carrier element free co‐precipitation (CEFC) method using a triazole derivate, 3‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)−5‐phenyl‐4‐(2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzylamino)−4H‐1,2,4‐triazole as an organic co‐precipitating agent. The method was optimized with some analytical parameters which affect the quantitative recoveries of study metals. According to the results, optimum pH of solution, quantity of co‐precipitating agent, centrifugation and incubation time, and sample volume were determined as 6.0, 1.5 mg, 10 min, and 10 min, and 100 mL, respectively. In addition, no significant matrix interferences were observed over the recovery of the metal ions. For analytical figure of merit, RSD values of the method were found as 5.7 and 4.8 for Pb2+ and Cd2+, respectively. LOD values were also calculated as 2.0 µg L−1 for Pb2+ and 0.2 µg L−1 for Cd2+. The accuracy of method was checked with spiked/recovery tests and analysis of a standard reference material. The developed method was finally applied to the real liquid/solid samples under the optimum conditions. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1709–1715, 2016
Copper(I)‐Dioxygen Adducts and Copper Enzyme Mechanisms
Authors: Liu Jeffrey J. , Diaz Daniel E. , Quist David A. , Karlin Kenneth D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPrimary copper(I)‐dioxygen (O2) adducts, cupric‐superoxide complexes, have been proposed intermediates in copper‐containing dioxygen‐activating monooxygenase and oxidase enzymes. Here, mechanisms of C−H activation by reactive copper‐(di)oxygen intermediates are discussed, with an emphasis on cupric‐superoxide species. Over the past 25 years, many synthetically derived cupric‐superoxide model complexes have been reported. Due to the thermal instability of these intermediates, early studies focused on increasing their stability and obtaining physical characterization. More recently, in an effort to gain insight into the possible substrate oxidation step in some copper monooxygenases, several cupric‐superoxide complexes have been used as surrogates to probe substrate scope and reaction mechanisms. These cupric superoxides are capable of oxidizing substrates containing weak O−H and C−H bonds. Mechanistic studies for some enzymes and model systems have supported an initial hydrogen‐atom abstraction via the cupric‐superoxide complex as the first step of substrate oxidation.
Late Quaternary glacial advances in the eastern Qilianshan, north‐eastern Tibet, as inferred from luminescence dating of fluvioglacial sediments
Authors: Hu Gang , Yi Chao‐Lu , Zhang Jia‐Fu , Liu Jin‐Hua , Jiang Tao , Li Sheng‐Hua 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe Qilianshan [shan means ‘mountain(s)’ in Chinese] are important for understanding the Quaternary glaciations which occurred along the north‐eastern margins of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Two sets of moraines identified in the Gangshika Valley on the southern slopes of the Qilianshan, and in the Jindonggou Valley on the northern slopes of the Lenglongling Ridge in the eastern Qilianshan, were dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The De values of the sediments were determined using single aliquot regeneration (SAR) and ‘global standardized growth curve’ (gSGC) procedures. The gSGC method was first applied to glacial sediment and proved to be adaptable. Based on De distribution analysis, and a comparison between the ages of coarse‐grained (90–125 μm) quartz, we concluded that the minimum age model (MAM) OSL age obtained may be closer to the burial age of the sediments. The first set of moraines in the Gangshika Valley was formed at 18.1 ± 1.8 ka. The second set of moraines in both the Gangshika and the Jindonggou valleys was mainly formed at ∼12.5–10.7 ka, consistent with the Younger Drays chronozone, most probably covering the moraines produced at 14.3 ± 1.4 ka. These results indicate that the glaciers along the Lenglongling Ridge were sensitive to abrupt decreases in temperature.
Predicting prolonged dose titration in patients starting warfarin
Authors: Finkelman Brian S. , French Benjamin , Bershaw Luanne , Brensinger Colleen M. , Streiff Michael B. , Epstein Andrew E. , Kimmel Stephen E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposePatients initiating warfarin therapy generally experience a dose‐titration period of weeks to months, during which time they are at higher risk of both thromboembolic and bleeding events. Accurate prediction of prolonged dose titration could help clinicians determine which patients might be better treated by alternative anticoagulants that, while more costly, do not require dose titration.MethodsA prediction model was derived in a prospective cohort of patients starting warfarin (n = 390), using Cox regression, and validated in an external cohort (n = 663) from a later time period. Prolonged dose titration was defined as a dose‐titration period >12 weeks. Predictor variables were selected using a modified best subsets algorithm, using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation to reduce overfitting.ResultsThe final model had five variables: warfarin indication, insurance status, number of doctor's visits in the previous year, smoking status, and heart failure. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) in the derivation cohort was 0.66 (95%CI 0.60, 0.74) using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation, but only 0.59 (95%CI 0.54, 0.64) in the external validation cohort, and varied across clinics. Including genetic factors in the model did not improve the area under the ROC curve (0.59; 95%CI 0.54, 0.65). Relative utility curves indicated that the model was unlikely to provide a clinically meaningful benefit compared with no prediction.ConclusionsOur results suggest that prolonged dose titration cannot be accurately predicted in warfarin patients using traditional clinical, social, and genetic predictors, and that accurate prediction will need to accommodate heterogeneities across clinical sites and over time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐framing the climate change debate in the livestock sector: mitigation and adaptation options
Authors: Rivera‐Ferre M.G. , López‐i‐Gelats F. , Howden M. , Smith P. , Morton J.F. , Herrero M. 
Published: July 2016

Livestock play a key role in the climate change debate. As with crop‐based agriculture, the sector is both a net greenhouse gas emitter and vulnerable to climate change. At the same time, it is an essential food source for millions of people worldwide, with other functions apart from food security such as savings and insurance. By comparison with crop‐based agriculture, the interactions of livestock and climate change have been much less studied. The debate around livestock is confusing due to the coexistence of multiple livestock farming systems with differing functions for humans, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission profiles and different characteristics and boundary issues in their measurement, which are often pooled together. Consequently, the diversity of livestock farming systems and their functions to human systems are poorly represented and the role of the livestock sector in the climate change debate has not been adequately addressed. In this article, building upon the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC 5AR) findings, we review recent literature on livestock and climate change so as better to include this diversity in the adaptation and mitigation debate around livestock systems. For comparative purposes we use the same categories of managerial, technical, behavioral and policy‐related action to organize both mitigation and adaptation options. We conclude that different livestock systems provide different functions to different human systems and require different strategies, so they cannot readily be pooled together. We also observe that, for the different livestock systems, several win‐win strategies exist that effectively tackle both mitigation and adaptation options as well as food security. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:869–892. doi: 10.1002/wcc.421This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Benefits of Mitigation
Climate and Development > Knowledge and Action in Development
Autonomous Filling of Grain-Boundary Cavities during Creep Loading in Fe-Mo Alloys
Authors: Zhang S. , Fang H. , Gramsma M. E. , Kwakernaak C. , Sloof W. G. , Tichelaar F. D. , Kuzmina M. , Herbig M. , Raabe D. , Brück E. , van der Zwaag S. , van Dijk N. H. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We have investigated the autonomous repair of creep damage by site-selective precipitation in a binary Fe-Mo alloy (6.2 wt pct Mo) during constant-stress creep tests at temperatures of 813 K, 823 K, and 838 K (540 °C, 550 °C, and 565 °C). Scanning electron microscopy studies on the morphology of the creep-failed samples reveal irregularly formed deposits that show a close spatial correlation with the creep cavities, indicating the filling of creep cavities at grain boundaries by precipitation of the Fe2Mo Laves phase. Complementary transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography have been used to characterize the precipitation mechanism and the segregation at grain boundaries in detail.
From “Access to Justice” to “Barrier to Justice”? An Empirical Examination of Chinese Court-Annexed Mediation
Authors: LI Yedan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe literature on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) has argued for the general advantages of courts’ providing mediation services. However, courts’ involvement in mediation cannot always be justified by those advantages, unless (1) the mediation process is a consensual procedure based on party autonomy and (2) where the initiation is mandatory, the courts’ allocation of cases is justified both by the public interest and a case selection system. In this context, this article empirically tests whether the established arguments from ADR theory can be applied to justify all Chinese court-annexed mediation practices. This study provides a negative answer, owing to the fact that some Chinese court-annexed mediation practices found in the fieldwork aim mainly at clearing dockets and achieving case management for the courts’ organizational interests. Offsetting the advantages, those Chinese court-annexed mediation practices prevent disputants from gaining access to the official adjudication procedure.
The Sunday's child of Dutch earth sciences – a tribute to Bert Boekschoten on the occasion of his 80th birthday (introduction)
Authors: Mulder E.W.A. , Jagt J.W.M. , Schulp A.S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlthough not exhaustive, the contributions to the present liber amicorum illustrate the wide range of geological, palaeontological and archaeological subjects that Bert Boekschoten has been interested in during his long, productive career. Not only has he carried out research by himself – often in far-flung and occasionally inhospitable places – he also has that special ability to fuel enthusiasm and zeal in others. ‘Have another look’, ‘What about …’, or ‘But maybe it is just the opposite …’ – typical phrases uttered to one of his former PhD students in distress. Always an eye opener, and always at the right time! The present tome covers the fields of (actuo)palaeontology and prehistoric archaeology, papers having been written by some of Bert's former PhD students at Groningen and Amsterdam and by a number of close friends, both at home and abroad. Here we present summaries of the various chapters, add pertinent items of literature and note Bert's involvement in these projects.