bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there evidence for a surgeon learning curve for endothelial keratoplasty in Australia?
Authors: Keane Miriam C , Mills Richard AD , Coster Douglas J , Williams Keryn A ,   on behalf of Contributors to the Australian Corneal Graft Registry
Published: February 2017

AbstractImportanceExpected outcomes from endokeratoplasty may vary with surgeon experience.BackgroundIt was explored whether a surgeon learning curve exists for Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasties (manual or automated) performed in Australia.DesignThis is a prospective cohort study, with various clinical settings.ParticipantsThere were 2139 recipients of 2615 endothelial grafts, registered by 85 surgeons between January 2006 and December 2013.MethodsKaplan–Meier survival analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to examine longitudinal graft survival. Manual and automated Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasties were analysed together. Pearson chi‐squared analyses were performed to examine differences amongst groups. Continuity correction was used for 2 × 2 tests, and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05 (two‐sided).Main outcome measureThe main parameter measured was endothelial graft survival.ResultsSurvival of the first 56 registered grafts was significantly poorer than survival of subsequent grafts (χ2 = 8.83, df = 1, P = 0.003), when data were combined for all surgeons. Surgeon workload influenced graft survival significantly (P < 0.001). This variable was retained in multivariate analysis designed to investigate independent factors influencing graft survival. Primary non‐functioning grafts were significantly less likely to be reported for endokeratoplasties performed by surgeons with more than 56 registered grafts, compared with those registering 56 or fewer grafts (4.3% vs. 8.5%; χ2 = 18.38, df = 1, P < 0.001).Conclusions and RelevanceOur findings suggest that for less experienced or low‐volume surgeons, longitudinal graft survival improved once 56 or more endokeratoplasties had been performed, indicative of a learning curve. The learning curve was less apparent for surgeons with 57 or more Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasties and/or Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasties registered during the 8‐year study period. Different learning curves may be anticipated for these two groups of surgeons.
Higher Anti‐A/B isoagglutinin titers of IgG class, but not of IgM, are associated with increased red blood cell transfusion requirements in bone marrow transplantation with major ABO‐mismatch
Authors: De Santis Gil Cunha , Garcia‐Silva Aline Cristina , Dotoli Giuliana Martinelli , de Castro Pamela Tinti , Simões Belinda Pinto , Covas Dimas Tadeu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundMajor ABO mismatch between donor and recipient in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) may cause hemolysis, delayed red blood cell (RBC) engraftment and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), which result in increased transfusion needs. High pretransplant anti‐A/B antibody titers have been associated with increased risk of PRCA. Herein, we studied the impact of anti‐A/B titers on transfusion needs after BMT with major ABO mismatch.MethodsWe reviewed the medical charts of 27 patients who underwent to BMT with major ABO mismatch and categorized them into two groups according to anti‐A/B titers of IgG (≤16 and ≥32). We recorded the number of RBC and platelet units transfused in the first 180 days after transplantation. We also evaluated the impact of anti‐A/B titers on overall survival.ResultsPatients with anti‐A/B titer ≥32 of IgG class required more RBC transfusion than patients with titer ≤16 (6.60±4.55 vs 21.29±14.68; P=.03). Anti‐A/B of IgM class had no impact on both RBC and platelet transfusion needs. Anti‐A/B titers had no impact on overall survival.ConclusionHigher titers of anti‐A/B antibodies of IgG class, but not of IgM, are associated with a higher demand for RBC transfusion.
Overcoming the ownership dilemma: Contributing to peace and democracy in El Salvador and the Philippines
Authors: Zulueta‐Fülscher Kimana 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEl Salvador and the Philippines have had relatively successful democratization processes and decades of sustained international support, but continue to experience high levels of violence from non‐state actors that prevent or delay the consolidation of democracy. How has international support helped or hindered these processes? This article finds that frequently donors and local stakeholders are vulnerable to the “ownership dilemma.” External donors often focus on strengthening state institutions rather than promoting inclusiveness. This is often the result of institutional capture by local elites that are reluctant to pursue structural reforms. While external support rarely has the influence to decisively shape processes of democratic consolidation, the analysis finds that windows of opportunity may emerge and assist in deepening support for consolidation.
Associations between human breast milk hormones and adipocytokines and infant growth and body composition in the first 6 months of life
Authors: Fields D.A. , George B. , Williams M. , Whitaker K. , Allison D.B. , Teague A. , Demerath E.W. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundMuch is to be learnt about human breast milk (HBM).ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to extend our knowledge of HBM by investigating the role of maternal body mass index (BMI), sex and stage of lactation (month 1 vs. 6) on HBM insulin, glucose, leptin, IL‐6 and TNF‐α and their associations with infant body composition.MethodsThirty‐seven exclusively breastfeeding infants (n = 37; 16♀, 21♂), and their mothers (19–47 kg m−2) were studied at 1 and 6 months of lactation. Infants had body composition measured (using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry) and HBM collected.ResultsA significant interaction between maternal BMI and infant sex on insulin levels (p = 0.0322) was observed such that insulin was 229% higher in obese mothers nursing female infants than in normal weight mothers nursing female infants and 179% higher than obese mothers nursing male infants. For leptin, a significant association with BMI category was observed (p < 0.0001) such that overweight and obese mothers had 96.5% and 315.1% higher leptin levels than normal weight mothers, respectively. Leptin was also found to have a significant (p = 0.0004) 33.7% decrease from months 1 to 6, controlling for BMI category and sex. A significant inverse relationship between month 1 leptin levels and infant length (p = 0.0257), percent fat (p = 0.0223), total fat mass (p = 0.0226) and trunk fat mass (p = 0.0111) at month 6 was also found. No associations or interactions were observed for glucose, TNF‐α or IL‐6.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that maternal BMI, infant sex and stage of lactation affect the compositional make‐up of insulin and leptin.
Effect of immersive workplace experience on undergraduate nurses’ mental health clinical confidence
Authors: Patterson Christopher , Moxham Lorna , Taylor Ellie K. , Perlman Dana , Brighton Renee , Sumskis Susan , Heffernan Tim , Lee‐Bates Benjamin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPreregistration education needs to ensure that student nurses are properly trained with the required skills and knowledge, and have the confidence to work with people who have a mental illness. With increased attention on non‐traditional mental health clinical placements, further research is required to determine the effects of non‐traditional mental health clinical placements on mental health clinical confidence. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of a non‐traditional mental health clinical placement on mental health nursing clinical confidence compared to nursing students undergoing traditional clinical placements. Using the Mental Health Nursing Clinical Confidence Scale, the study investigated the relative effects of two placement programmes on the mental health clinical confidence of 79 nursing students. The two placement programmes included a non‐traditional clinical placement of Recovery Camp and a comparison group that attended traditional clinical placements. Overall, the results indicated that, for both groups, mental health placement had a significant effect on improving mean mental health clinical confidence, both immediately upon conclusion of placement and at the 3‐month follow up. Students who attended Recovery Camp reported a significant positive difference, compared to the comparison group, for ratings related to communicating effectively with clients with a mental illness, having a basic knowledge of antipsychotic medications and their side‐effects, and providing client education regarding the effects and side‐effects of medications. The findings suggest that a unique clinical placement, such as Recovery Camp, can improve and maintain facets of mental health clinical confidence for students of nursing.
Australian mental health care practitioners’ practices and attitudes for encouraging smoking cessation and tobacco harm reduction in smokers with severe mental illness
Authors: Sharma Ratika , Meurk Carla , Bell Stephanie , Ford Pauline , Gartner Coral 
Published: February 2017

AbstractReducing the burden of physical illness among people living with severe mental illnesses (SMI) is a key priority. Smoking is strongly associated with SMIs resulting in excessive smoking related morbidity and mortality in smokers with SMI. Smoking cessation advice and assistance from mental health practitioners would assist with reducing smoking and smoking‐related harms in this group. This study examined the attitudes and practices of Australian mental health practitioners towards smoking cessation and tobacco harm reduction for smokers with SMI, including adherence to the 5As (ask, assess, advise, assist and arrange follow up) of smoking cessation. We surveyed 267 Australian mental health practitioners using a cross‐sectional, online survey. Most practitioners (77.5%) asked their clients about smoking and provided health education (66.7%) but fewer provided direct assistance (31.1–39.7%). Most believed that tobacco harm reduction strategies are effective for reducing smoking related risks (88.4%) and that abstinence from all nicotine should not be the only goal discussed with smokers with SMI (77.9%). Many respondents were unsure about the safety (56.9%) and efficacy (39.3%) of e‐cigarettes. Practitioners trained in smoking cessation were more likely (OR: 2.9, CI: 1.5–5.9) to help their clients to stop smoking. Community mental health practitioners (OR: 0.3, CI: 0.1–0.9) and practitioners who were current smokers (OR: 0.3, CI: 0.1–0.9) were less likely to adhere to the 5As of smoking cessation intervention. The results of this study emphasize the importance and need for providing smoking cessation training to mental health practitioners especially community mental health practitioners.
How family interactions about lifestyle changes affect adolescents' possibilities for maintaining weight loss after a weight‐loss intervention: a longitudinal qualitative interview study
Authors: Eg Marianne , Frederiksen Kirsten , Vamosi Marianne , Lorentzen Vibeke 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThis study aims to examine how family interactions related to lifestyle changes influence adolescents' potential for maintaining weight loss after participating in a weight‐loss treatment programme.BackgroundObesity among adolescents is a large and complex health problem worldwide. Family support is crucial if adolescents are to benefit from weight‐loss intervention.DesignQualitative research interviews with families who participated in a weight‐loss programme.MethodsThe sample consisted of 10 families selected among participants in a 1‐year multidisciplinary family‐based weight‐loss programme. Three rounds of semi‐structured interviews stretching over 5 years (2010–2015) were transcribed verbatim, then analyzed using Kvale and Brinkmann's framework for working with qualitative research interviews.FindingsFive years after the intervention ended, we found that a family's interactions were a key factor in how the family handled challenges involved in changing its diet and increasing physical activity and that daily activities in modern families influenced their interaction, as activities demanded so much of the family that it was difficult to sustain the lifestyle changes necessary for the adolescent to maintain achieved weight loss. Supporting the adolescent was far more difficult than families expected; more time‐consuming and also a cause of family conflicts. Siblings who did not need to lose weight played a major, but overlooked, role.ConclusionThe family's interactions and its handling of lifestyle changes were important to the adolescent's maintained weight loss. It is fundamental that the entire family is supportive, regardless of family structure and these issues ought to be addressed in future interventions.
Association between nondipper pulse rate and measures of cardiac overload: The J‐HOP Study
Authors: Oba Yusuke , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Hoshide Satoshi , Eguchi Kazuo , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: February 2017

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nondipper pulse rate (PR) and hypertensive target organ damage. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was conducted in 940 high‐risk Japanese patients enrolled in the Japan Morning Surge Home Blood Pressure Study. Nondipper PR was defined as (awake PR−sleep PR)/awake PR <0.1. The authors measured the patients' brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). The nondipper PR group (n=213) had a significantly higher prevalence of high BNP (≥35 pg/mL, 39.9% vs 26.1%; P<.001) than the dipper PR group (n=727). LVMI was significantly higher in the nondipper PR patients compared with the dipper PR patients among the women (mean LVMI: 111.3±32.4 vs 104.2±26.7 g/m2, P=.03) but not the men (mean LVMI: 117.6±32.0 vs 117.2±33.1 g/m2, P=.92). In conclusion, the nondipper PR was associated with cardiac overload.
Association between carotid intima‐media thickness and fasting blood glucose level: A population‐based cross‐sectional study among low‐income adults in rural China
Authors: Gao Liu , Bai Lingling , Shi Min , Ni Jingxian , Lu Hongyan , Wu Yanan , Tu Jun , Ning Xianjia , Wang Jinghua , Li Yukun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionCarotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) is an established predictor of cardiovascular disease and stroke. We aimed to identify the association between CIMT and blood glucose, as well as the risk factors associated with increased CIMT in a low‐income Chinese population.Materials and MethodsStroke‐free and cardiovascular disease‐free residents aged ≥45 years were recruited. B‐mode ultrasonography was carried out to measure CIMT.ResultsThere were 2,643 participants (71.0%) in the normal group, 549 (14.7%) in the impaired fasting glucose group and 533 (14.3%) in the diabetes mellitus group. The determinants of increased CIMT were older age; male sex; low education; hypertension; smoking; high levels of systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; and low levels of diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, after adjusting for covariates. Age and hypertension were the common risk factors for increased CIMT in all three groups. Furthermore, male sex, smoking and high low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level were positively associated with the mean CIMT in the normal group; high triglycerides levels were negatively associated with the mean CIMT in the impaired fasting glucose group; and alcohol consumption was an independent risk factor for mean CIMT in the diabetes mellitus group. Hypertension was the greatest risk factor for increased CIMT.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that it is crucial to manage and control traditional risk factors in low‐income populations in China in order to decelerate the recent dramatic increase in stroke incidence, and to reduce the burden of stroke.
Overlap between irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia including subtype analyses
Authors: Choi Yoon Jin , Kim Nayoung , Yoon Hyuk , Shin Cheol Min , Park Young Soo , Kim Jin‐Wook , Kim Yong Sung , Lee Dong Ho , Jung Hyun Chae 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground and AimCoexistent gastrointestinal symptom profiles and prevalence or associated factors for the overlap between each functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) group remain unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinicodemographic features of FD, IBS, and IBS‐FD overlap and assess the risk factors thereof, including subtype and genetic polymorphisms for IBS‐FD.MethodsConsecutive patients were enrolled from the outpatient Gastroenterology clinics of Bundang Seoul National University Hospitals in Korea. All gastrointestinal symptoms occurring at least once per week in the previous 3 months were recorded. Diagnostic criteria of functional gastrointestinal disorders were based on the Rome III criteria. Risk factors including genetic polymorphisms of 5‐HTTLPR and ADRA2A 1291 G alleles and CCK‐1R intron 779T>C were assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsA total of 632 subjects (278 control subjects, 308 FD, 156 IBS, and 110 who met the criteria for both FD and IBS) were included in this study. Patients with IBS‐FD overlap had more severe symptoms (such as bloating, nausea, vomiting, hard or lumpy stools, defecation straining, and a feeling of incomplete bowel movement) and higher depression scores compared with non‐overlap patients. Single/divorced or widowed marital status, nausea, bloating, and a feeling of incomplete emptying after bowel movements were independent risk factors for IBS‐FD overlap among IBS patients. In contrast, young age, depression, bloating, and postprandial distress syndrome were positively associated with IBS‐FD overlap among FD patients. 5‐HTTLPR L/L was a risk factor for the co‐occurrence of IBS‐C among FD patients (OR: 12.47; 95% CI: 2.00–77.75; P = 0.007).ConclusionsBloating was a risk factor for IBS‐FD overlap. Patients with postprandial distress syndrome have a higher risk of coexisting IBS, particularly constipation‐dominant IBS.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promoter polymorphisms (−794CATT5–7) as potential biomarker for early‐stage cervical cancer
Authors: Wu Suhui , Sun Jingfen , Lian Junfang , Shang Haixia , Tao Huijuan , Xie Jun , Lin Weifeng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe objective was to investigate the correlation between macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promoter polymorphisms (−794CATT5–7) and early‐stage cervical cancer (ESCC) and to identify a potential biomarker for ESCC.MethodsA hospital‐based case–control study was performed. The case group contained 250 patients with histologically confirmed ESCC. The control group included 147 healthy women. Polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism was used to genotype polymorphisms of MIF promoter ‐794CATT5–7. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect serum concentration of MIF.ResultsThe genotype distribution and allele frequency of MIF‐794CATT in the ESCC group were significantly different from those in the control group (P < 0.05). The 7‐CATT repeat carriers were significantly higher in the ESCC group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The 7‐CATT repeat carriers (5/7, 6/7, and 7/7) were associated with ESCC and increased risks of cervical cancer (odds ratio = 3.5, 3.0, and 5.6; 95% confidence interval = 1.2–10.5, 1.2–7.9, and 1.3–25.3, respectively). Serum concentration of MIF was significantly higher in the ESCC group than in the control group (P < 0.05), and it was significantly higher in 7‐CATT carriers than in non‐7‐CATT carriers (P < 0.05). Neither polymorphisms of MIF‐794 nor serum MIF were associated with lymph node metastases and differentiation (P > 0.05).ConclusionMIF promoter polymorphisms (−794CATT) were correlated with ESCC; and 7‐CATT might play a role in ESCC. It could be a potential biomarker for ESCC.
Urologic injuries during gynecologic surgery, a 10‐year review
Authors: Satitniramai Sikarn , Manonai Jittima 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsThe study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of urologic injuries during gynecologic surgery, study the management and outcome of such injuries, and identify risk factors that may be associated with urologic injuries.MethodsA case–control study was conducted in patients who underwent gynecologic surgery from 2005 to 2014 in the university hospital. The study cases referred to patients who had urologic injury during gynecologic surgery and the control cases referred to patients who had gynecologic surgery matching the same period, type of procedure, and etiological disease leading to surgery. The medical records were reviewed and analyzed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to identify risk factors associated with urologic injury.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 86 cases of urologic injuries from a total of 28 819 cases. The overall 10‐year incidence was 0.30%. The incidence of bladder injury was 0.18%, (0.083% for ureteric and 0.014% for combined ureter and bladder injury). Among 80 cases with complete data, 52 (65%) had bladder injury and 48 (92.3%) were recognized the time of surgery and underwent primary repair with successful outcome, whereas 18 (75%) of 24 ureteric injury were detected intraoperatively. Previous pelvic surgery and the presence of adhesion were significant risk factors of urologic injury with OR 3.436, 95% CI 2.037–5.796 and OR 2.185, 95% CI 1.319–3.621, respectively.ConclusionUrinary bladder injury was the most common urinary tract injury during gynecologic surgery. Previous pelvic surgery and the presence of adhesion were significant risk factors.
Oro‐facial functions in experimental models of cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Lacerda D. C. , Ferraz‐Pereira K. N. , Bezerra de morais A. T. , Costa‐de‐santana B. J. R. , Quevedo O. G. , Manhães‐de‐Castro R. , Toscano A. E. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryChildren who suffer from cerebral palsy (CP) often present comorbidities in the form of oro‐facial dysfunctions. Studies in animals have contributed to elaborate potential therapies aimed at minimising the chronic disability of the syndrome. To systematically review the scientific literature regarding the possible effects that experimental models of CP can have on oro‐facial functions. Two independent authors conducted a systematic review in the electronic databases Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science and Lilacs, using Mesh and Decs terms in animal models. The motor and sensory parameters of sucking, chewing and swallowing were considered as primary outcomes; reactivity odour, controlled salivation, postural control, head mobility during feeding and the animal's ability to acquire food were secondary outcomes. Ten studies were included in the present review. Most studies used rabbits as experimental models of CP, which was induced by either hypoxia‐ischemia, inflammation or intraventricular haemorrhage. Oro‐facial functions were altered in all experimental models of CP. However, we found more modifications in hypoxia‐ischemia models overall. On the other hand, the model of inflammation was more effective to reproduce higher damage for coordinating sucking and swallowing. All of the CP experimental models that were assessed modified the oral functions in different animal species. However, further studies should be conducted in order to clarify the mechanisms underlying oro‐facial damage in order to optimise treatment strategies for children who suffer from CP.