bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On-surface synthesis and characterization of linear and cyclic C6
Authors: Xu Wei , Sun Luye , Guo Yuan , Xiang Wenzhi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

A novel family of carbon allotropes, known as cyclo[n]carbons, belonging to carbon clusters (Cn), have attracted significant attention from both experimentalists and theoreticians because of the controversial stabilities of different isomers and their chemical structures. Recently, certain cyclocarbons, namely C26, C20, C18, C16, C14, C13, C12 and C10, have been successfully synthesized and characterized on the thin insulating NaCl surface. However, synthesis of even smaller cyclocarbons (n < 10) still remains challenging. The substantial difficulties in synthesizing smaller cyclocarbons are mainly due to their inherent high reactivity and the increased strain. In particular, C6 has been a subject of long-standing debate in theory, as the energy difference between its linear and cyclic forms is very close, which renders the opportunity for the synthesis and characterization of both isomers on the surface. In this study, we successfully generate both linear and cyclic C6 by modulating the thickness of NaCl layers deposited on the Au(111) surface, using tip-induced dehalogenation of hexaiodobenzene (C6I6) molecules at 4.7 K. The linear C6 was generated either on the 1 monolayer (ML) or 2 ML NaCl surface, and identified as a polyynic structure through bond-resolved atomic force microscopy (AFM), verifying the theoretical calculations of a Peierls transition for linear C6 from gas phase to on-surface adsorption. While, the cyclic C6 could be generated on the 2 ML NaCl surface (the smallest cyclocarbon so far), conversely, the cumulenic nature of cyclic C6 is confirmed both experimentally and theoretically. Additionally, voltage pulses can induce cyclic C6 to undergo either an adsorption-configuration transformation from a nearly planar to a tilted geometry, or a structural transformation to the linear form. This work presents a methodology for the on-surface synthesis of small carbon clusters and offers insights into their electronic and geometric structures.
Slip-actuated bionic tactile sensing system with dynamic DC generator integrated E-Textile for dexterous robotic manipulation
Authors: Liu Jun , Gautham Vashin , Panpalia Ashutosh , Anil Vinoop , Yerneni Shakunthala , Thakar Rohit , Nayyar Aayush , Jorgensen Emily , Yang Ruizhe , Esfahani Ehsan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Dexterous manipulation in robotics requires coordinated sensing, signal processing, and actuation for real-time, precise object control. Despite advances, the current artificial tactile sensory system lacks the proficiency of the human sensory system in detecting multidirectional forces and multimodal stimuli (e.g., static strain vs. dynamic motion). To address this limitation, we present a bio-inspired “slip-actuated” tactile sensing system, incorporating novel dynamic direct-current (DC) generator into stretchable electronic textile (E-Textile). This self-powered Bionic Textile Sensing (BTS) system operates in conjunction with a normal force sensor, paralleling the functions of the rapid-adapting (RA) and slow-adapting (SA) mechanoreceptors (MR) in the human sensory system, respectively. Furthermore, we tailor and integrate the BTS system with a polymer encapsulated 3D-printed structured finger, creating a bionic design that mimics human skin and skeleton with mechanoreceptors. By embedding this system into the feedback loop of robotic fingers, we are able to achieve real-time slip and grasp monitoring, as well as the subsequent object manipulation. Moreover, we perform quantitative analysis based on Hertzian contact mechanics to fundamentally understand the dependency of DC output on force and velocity in the BTS. The promising results of this work provide a new mechanism for artificial tactile sensing, paving the way for AI-driven smart robotics with human-inspired tactile sensing capabilities for future manufacturing, healthcare, and human-machine interaction.
Assessment of Terrestrial Carbon Stock: Evaluating Forest Structure and its Carbon Sequestration Potential of the Ecotone Region in Gama Luma
Authors: Rabten Karma Tshering , Dorji Yonten , Tobgay Tashi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Forests globally store an estimated 861 gigatons of Carbon, but deforestation and forest degradation present considerable threats. Bhutan significantly contributes to global climate change efforts, prioritizing carbon sequestration through sustainable forest management. Bhutan's dedication includes maintaining at least 60% forest cover for all times to come. Therefore, such goals highlight the importance of investigating the carbon dynamics in this region. This study explores the carbon sequestration potential of the unexamined ecotone region in Gama Luma. A random sampling method was used, and a total of 30 sampling plots were laid out in 37 hectares of study area. We examined relationships between carbon stock, biomass, and variables such as DBH, Important Value Index, total tree height, basal area, diversity, and tree species density, including an overview of biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration potential across species. Field surveys identified 351 trees from 22 species and 16 families, with Myrsine capitellata and Pinus roxburghii as the dominant species. The ecotone forest region is young, with trees mostly in the 10 - 20cm DBH class. The findings showed that Castanopsis tribuloides had the highest biomass accumulation of 1.690 Mg/ha and carbon stock of 0.845 Mg C/ha, while Zanthoxylum armatum had the lowest. A positive correlation (r = 0.774, p< 0.05) between DBH distribution and carbon sequestration potential was observed. These findings highlight the ecotone region's significant carbon storage capacity and underscores the importance of its conservation and sustainable management for climate change mitigation, offering valuable insights for policymakers and forest managers in Bhutan and other regions.
The Geochemical imaging Technique for CO2 Monitoring in the Saline Aquifer of Krechba Field Algeria
Authors: Fayçal Zeboudj 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

As part of the reduction and elimination of anthropogenic emissions, carbon capture, and storage (CCS) has been applied in recent decades. One option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions GHG is to store carbon dioxide CO2 in deep saline aquifers. Due to their abundance and large capacity, deep saline aquifers make excellent storage sites due to their potential for long-term sequestration. In early 2006, in Salah Gas Krechba field in Algeria became the world's first onshore saline aquifer to begin sequestration. This paper will focus on new insights into surface CO2 monitoring. We will discuss the introduction of geochemical imaging as an emerging surface technique to monitor CO2, recently adopted to investigate and detect tracer gases leaks injected in 2007 from neighboring wells and the cap rock. In the following few pages, we will summarize the geochemical imaging survey process from the implementation design, samples signature measurement to chemical analysis using the sophisticated statistical geo-chemical methods in the final interpretation stage. As a conclusion, the comprehensive analysis of the geochemical data has allowed the Krechba team to investigate the CO2 leakage areas in the field and demonstrates to be an efficient valuable, and accurate method for CO2 monitoring
Mycological detection of aflatoxin producing gene (Aflr) in Aspergillus Spp found in commercial raw groundnut and groundnut cake (Kuli kuli) in some selected market in Katsina state, Nigeria
Authors: Garba Abubakar Ibrahim , Zango Umar Abdullahi , Mzungu Ignatius 
Published: September 2024

The effect of aflatoxin intoxication from groundnut and groundnut products has lead to a large amount of deaths some of which are not yet accounted of. Kuli-kuli formally referred to as groundnut cake, is a byproduct of oil extraction from groundnut which have been further fried, sweetened or spiced. This research aimed at determining the mycological quality and molecular detection of Aflatoxin gene aflR in Aspergillus spp found in raw Groundnut and groundnut cake (Kuli-kuli). A total of 120 samples (60 groundnut samples and 60 groundnut cake samples) were randomly collected from four selected markets in Katsina state and subjected to mycological assessment based on colonial morphology on PDA and microscopy. Out of the total samples, 16 samples (8 raw groundnut samples and 8 groundnut samples) were selected for determination of total Aflatoxin concentration using ELISA technique. Isolates were also screened for aflR gene using polymerase chain reaction technique, and subsequently sequenced using Sanger method. Eleven (11) fungi isolate including Aspergillus niger, Scedosporium apiospermum, Cladophialophora bantiana, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans, Microsphaeropsis arundinis, Cladosporium, Cladophialophora carrionii, Rhizopus arrhizus, Aspergillus parasitus and Aspergillus fumigatus were identified to produce aflatoxin concentration ranging from 0.4–3.5 ppb from the samples of the raw groundnut and groundnut cake (Kuli-kuli). Therefore, the findings of this research has raised serious food safety concerns, especially in consumption of raw groundnut and groundnut cake (Kuli-kuli) sold in Katsina as such relevant regulatory agencies such as NAFDAC are advised to deploy drastic measure to curtail a possible aflatoxin intoxication outbreak
Effect of electroinductive conditions on biofilm production capacity of some industrially important bacteria
Authors: Garuba Emmanuel O. , Ojetayo Omolola H. , Ajunwa Obinna M. , Onilude Abiodun A. 
Published: September 2024

Biofilms are intricate microbial deposits on biotic and abiotic surfaces, with significant medical and biotechnological implications. This study explored biofilm formation by Acetobacter aceti ATCC15973, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027, Serratia marcescens ATCC14756, Gluconobacter oxydans ATCC19357, Rhodobacter sphaeroides ATCC17023, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 on wood, glass, steel, PVC, and PET surfaces using qualitative methods. Effects of electrical stimulation (6V, 4.5A), magnetic fields (1000 G), and electromagnetic flux (5 mT) on biofilm formation were assessed via Crystal Violet Binding Assay. G. oxydans ATCC19357 exhibited highest adherence on PVC and wood (2.0145 and 2.402 log cfu/ml, respectively) under electrical stimulation. A. aceti ATCC15973 showed highest adherence on steel, PET, and glass (1.944, 0.9005, and 0.876 log cfu/ml). R. sphaeroides ATCC17023 demonstrated highest adherence on PVC, steel, PET, and glass (1.0895 to 1.7495 log cfu/ml) under magnetic induction; B. subtilis ATCC6633 had highest wood adherence (1.491 log cfu/ml). G. oxydans ATCC19357 showed highest overall adhesion with electromagnetic induction. PVC supported highest biofilm growth (39 %). Biophysical factors varied in enhancing biofilm formation, suggesting potential for bacterial immobilization technologies in bioremediation and industrial fermentation
El estado retado desde el constructivismo antiformalista: legitimidad y convicción
Authors: Perilla Granados Juan Sebastián Alejandro 
Published: September 2024

Los Estados cuentan con sistemas jurídicos que se adscriben a diferentes iusteorías, las cuales constituyen un enfoque para comprender la relación de normas, el rol de producción de las mismas y la manera en que los operadores jurídicos deben proceder a interpretarlas. En el contexto occidental, el formalismo y el antiformalismo se han presentado iusteorías principales, las cuales encuentran sus diferencias en los ejercicios hermenéuticos que se dan sobre las disposiciones del Estado. Sin embargo, no basta solo con interpretar el derecho desde una iusteoría, es necesario asegurar el convencimiento para dotar de legitimidad.
Recibido: 12 de marzo de 2021
Revisado: 16 de abril de 2021
Aceptado: 30 de abril de 2021
Predicting energy performance of the drinking water treatment process and its determinants
Authors: Maziotis Alexandros , Molinos-Senante Maria 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Within the global climate change framework, enhancing energy efficiency presents a significant challenge for water utilities. Drinking water treatment is energy-intensive, involving several physicochemical processes to remove multiple pollutants from raw water. This study employs artificial neural networks (ANNs) and decision tree methods to gain a deeper understanding of the water–energy nexus in drinking water treatment processes. The energy efficiency of a sample of Chilean drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) was estimated, resulting in an average score of 0.343. This indicates that on average, DWTPs could potentially save 65.7% of their current energy consumption if they were operating at an efficient level while producing the same quantity and quality of drinking water. The main source of raw water and the technology for treating water have been identified as critical factors influencing energy efficiency. Specifically, using surface water for producing drinking water, energy efficiency can increase to 0.514, whereas using groundwater would regress energy efficiency to 0.240. The use of predictive tools such as ANNs provides relevant information to support decision-making processes for a transition toward a sustainable urban water cycle.
Advanced oxidation processes by UV/H2O2 for the removal of anionic surfactants in a decentralized wastewater treatment plant in Ecuador
Authors: Jennifer Zambrano-Aranea , Sonia Arcentales-Dueñas , Francesca Escala-Benites , Nadia Flores-Manrique , Suanny Mosquera-Romero 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Surfactants are persistent pollutants that pose risks to ecosystems and human health due to their low removal efficiency in conventional wastewater treatment plants. In Guayaquil, Ecuador, a decentralized facility discharges water with a surfactant concentration that exceeds the national legislation up to 20 times. This work aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the advanced oxidation process UV/H2O2 in removing anionic surfactants as a tertiary treatment for the decentralized facility investigated. A laboratory-scale batch system was tested for the treatment of real effluent with three hydrogen peroxide concentrations (100, 250, and 500 mg L−1) and UV exposure up to 120 min. All experimental trials were run in duplicate. After 60 min of UV exposure with 250 mg L−1 of H2O2, the anionic surfactant removal was 94.3 ± 4.3%, and the effluent complied with the discharge limits (&lt;0.5 mg L−1). These operational parameters were selected for continuous laboratory-scale experiments to simulate the facility operation, achieving a maximum removal of 92.3 ± 2.5%. Although the reactor demonstrates a high removal rate, improvements to its configuration are necessary to meet discharge limits. The UV/H2O2 process allowed the removal of anionic surfactants, suggesting its feasibility as a complementary treatment in decentralized plants with similar problems.
Trial Factors Associated With Completion of Clinical Trials Evaluating AI: Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Chen David , Cao Christian , Kloosterman Robert , Parsa Rod , Raman Srinivas 
Published: September 2024

Background
Evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in clinical trials remains the gold standard for translation into clinical settings. However, design factors associated with successful trial completion and the common reasons for trial failure are unknown.

Objective
This study aims to compare trial design factors of complete and incomplete clinical trials testing AI tools. We conducted a case-control study of complete (n=485) and incomplete (n=51) clinical trials that evaluated AI as an intervention of ClinicalTrials.gov.

Methods
Trial design factors, including area of clinical application, intended use population, and intended role of AI, were extracted. Trials that did not evaluate AI as an intervention and active trials were excluded. The assessed trial design factors related to AI interventions included the domain of clinical application related to organ systems; intended use population for patients or health care providers; and the role of AI for different applications in patient-facing clinical workflows, such as diagnosis, screening, and treatment. In addition, we also assessed general trial design factors including study type, allocation, intervention model, masking, age, sex, funder, continent, length of time, sample size, number of enrollment sites, and study start year. The main outcome was the completion of the clinical trial. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI values were calculated for all trial design factors using propensity-matched, multivariable logistic regression.

Results
We queried ClinicalTrials.gov on December 23, 2023, using AI keywords to identify complete and incomplete trials testing AI technologies as a primary intervention, yielding 485 complete and 51 incomplete trials for inclusion in this study. Our nested propensity-matched, case-control results suggest that trials conducted in Europe were significantly associated with trial completion when compared with North American trials (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.14-7.10; P=.03), and the trial sample size was positively associated with trial completion (OR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.00; P=.02).

Conclusions
Our case-control study is one of the first to identify trial design factors associated with completion of AI trials and catalog study-reported reasons for AI trial failure. We observed that trial design factors positively associated with trial completion include trials conducted in Europe and sample size. Given the promising clinical use of AI tools in health care, our results suggest that future translational research should prioritize addressing the design factors of AI clinical trials associated with trial incompletion and common reasons for study failure.
Population Characteristics in Justice Health Research Based on PubMed Abstracts From 1963 to 2023: Text Mining Study
Authors: Lukmanjaya Wilson , Butler Tony , Taflan Patricia , Simpson Paul , Ginnivan Natasha , Buchan Iain , Nenadic Goran , Karystianis George 
Published: September 2024

Background
The field of epidemiological criminology (or justice health research) has emerged in the past decade, studying the intersection between the public health and justice systems. To ensure research efforts are focused and equitable, it is important to reflect on the outputs in this area and address knowledge gaps.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the characteristics of populations researched in a large sample of published outputs and identify research gaps and biases.

Methods
A rule-based, text mining method was applied to 34,481 PubMed abstracts published from 1963 to 2023 to identify 4 population characteristics (sex, age, offender type, and nationality).

Results
We evaluated our method in a random sample of 100 PubMed abstracts. Microprecision was 94.3%, with microrecall at 85.9% and micro–F1-score at 89.9% across the 4 characteristics. Half (n=17,039, 49.4%) of the 34,481 abstracts did not have any characteristic mentions and only 1.3% (n=443) reported sex, age, offender type, and nationality. From the 5170 (14.9%) abstracts that reported age, 3581 (69.3%) mentioned young people (younger than 18 years) and 3037 (58.7%) mentioned adults. Since 1990, studies reporting female-only populations increased, and in 2023, these accounted for almost half (105/216, 48.6%) of the research outputs, as opposed to 33.3% (72/216) for male-only populations. Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark) had the highest number of abstracts proportional to their incarcerated populations. Offenders with mental illness were the most common group of interest (840/4814, 17.4%), with an increase from 1990 onward.

Conclusions
Research reporting on female populations increased, surpassing that involving male individuals, despite female individuals representing 5% of the incarcerated population; this suggests that male prisoners are underresearched. Although calls have been made for the justice health area to focus more on young people, our results showed that among the abstracts reporting age, most mentioned a population aged <18 years, reflecting a rise of youth involvement in the youth justice system. Those convicted of sex offenses and crimes relating to children were not as researched as the existing literature suggests, with a focus instead on populations with mental illness, whose rates rose steadily in the last 30 years. After adjusting for the size of the incarcerated population, Nordic countries have conducted proportionately the most research. Our findings highlight that despite the presence of several research reporting guidelines, justice health abstracts still do not adequately describe the investigated populations. Our study offers new insights in the field of justice health with implications for promoting diversity in the selection of research participants.
De la totalidad al Antropoceno en Latitud de la flor y el granizo de Mario Payeras
Authors: Méndez Rojas Diana Alejandra 
Published: September 2024

este artículo analiza el ensayo Latitud de la flor y el granizo publicado en 1988 por Mario Payeras, guatemalteco comprometido con la transformación social de su nación que, entre 1972 y 1984, formó parte del Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (egp). Recurriendo a la versión marxista de los conceptos de totalidad y antropoceno se propone que esa obra sintetiza un planteamiento de crítica ecológica a la civilización occidental, producto de la formación filosófica que Payeras recibió a partir de múltiples viajes internacionales a lo largo de la década de los sesenta, así como de su particular uso de la filosofía para analizar la realidad guatemalteca.Palabras clave: Marxismo; Civilización; Crítica ecológica; Conflicto armado
Phytochemical screening and Antioxidant Potential of Alstonia scholaris Linn leaf Extracts
Authors: Bopche Atul , Rathi Jagdish , Ghoshi Sikil , Rajpoot Sonu , Noriya Shivraj , Shah Sikesh Kumar , Raj Shubham 
Published: September 2024

Medicinal plants play important roles in our daily life to treat many diseases and ailments. Research in medicinal plants reflects the recognition of the validity of many herbal products. Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (A. scholaris, Apocynaceae) commonly called as Indian devil tree has been used as folklore medicines, possesses different pharmacological activities and potentially used as antimalarial drug. In alternative medicinal systems it is effective against different ailments such as asthma, malaria, fever, dysentery, diarrhoea, epilepsy, skin diseases and snakebite. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activities, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of leaves of A. scholaris collected from Bhopal region of Madhya Pradesh. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenol and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of the leaves was assessed against DPPH radical scavenging assay methods using standard protocols. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, diterpines, flavonoids, proteins, carbohydrates and saponins. The total phenol and flavonoids content of methanolic leaves extract of A. scholaris was found to be 0.876, 0.757mg/100mg respectively. The activities of methanolic extracts against DPPH assay method were concentration dependent. The diverse array of phytochemicals present in the plant thus suggests its therapeutic potentials which may be explored in drug manufacturing industry as well as in traditional medicine.
Keywords: A. scholaris L, Apocynaceae, Antioxidant activity, DPPH assay method.