bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the sensitizing capacity and allergenicity of enzymatic cross‐linked arginine kinase, the crab allergen
Authors: Fei Dan‐Xia , Liu Qing‐Mei , Chen Feng , Yang Yang , Chen Zhong‐Wei , Cao Min‐Jie , Liu Guang‐Ming 
Published: March 2016

ScopeThe enzymatic cross‐linking of an allergen by food processing may alter its sensitization potential. In this study, the IgE‐binding activity and allergenicity of cross‐linked thermal polymerized arginine kinase (CL‐pAK) were investigated.Methods and resultsThe IgE‐binding activity and stability of CL‐pAK were analyzed by immunological and proteomics methods. The sensitization and potency to induce oral tolerance of CL‐pAK were tested using in vivo assays and a cell model. According to the results of inhibition of ELISA, the half inhibitory concentration of AK after cross‐linking changed from 1.13 to 228.36 μg/mL. The results of in vitro digestion demonstrated that CL‐pAK showed more resistance to gastrointestinal digestion than native AK. Low allergenicity and capacity to induce oral tolerance in mice were shown by the sera levels of AK‐specific antibodies and T‐cell cytokine production. Exposure of RBL‐2H3 cells to CL‐pAK compared with AK, resulted in lower levels of mast degranulation and histamine.ConclusionEnzymatic cross‐linking with thermal polymerization of AK by tyrosinase and caffeic acid had high potential in mitigating IgE‐binding activity and allergenicity, which were influenced by altering the molecular and immunological features of the shellfish protein.
Effects of clinically significant weight loss with exercise training on insulin resistance and cardiometabolic adaptations
Authors: Swift Damon L. , Johannsen Neil M. , Lavie Carl J. , Earnest Conrad P. , Blair Steven N. , Church Timothy S. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo determine response rates for clinically significant weight loss (CWL) following different aerobic exercise training amounts and whether enhanced cardiometabolic adaptations are observed with CWL compared to modest weight loss (MWL) or neither.MethodsParticipants (N = 330) performed 6 months of aerobic training at 4 kcal per kilogram per week (KKW), 8 KKW, or 12 KKW (50%, 100%, and 150% of recommended levels respectively). Weight loss was categorized as CWL (≥5%) or MWL (3.0% to 4.9%) or neither.ResultsThe CWL response rate was greater in the 8 KKW group (20.2%, CI: 13.0% to 27.5%) compared to 4 KKW (10.3%, CI: 4.6% to 16.0%), but not compared to the 12 KKW group (14.6%, CI: 7.6% to 21.6%). Reductions in HOMA‐IR were observed in participants with CWL (−0.60, CI: −0.98 to −0.22) and with MWL (−0.48, CI: −0.87 to −0.10), but not those who achieved neither (−0.06, CI −0.22 to 0.10). No changes between groups were observed for cholesterol, fitness, or blood pressure.ConclusionsLow response rates for CWL were observed following training, even at levels above recommended levels. Achieving MWL with exercise may represent a reasonable initial weight loss target since the improvement in insulin resistance with MWL is similar to what is achieved with CWL.
A qualitative study exploring health perceptions and factors influencing participation in health behaviors in colorectal cancer survivors
Authors: Hardcastle Sarah J. , Maxwell‐Smith Chloe , Zeps Nik , Platell Cameron , O'Connor Moira , Hagger Martin S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to explore colorectal cancer survivors' health perceptions following cessation of active treatment for cancer and to explore the factors influencing participation in health‐promoting behaviors that may help reduce cardiovascular disease risk.MethodsFace‐to‐face interviews were conducted with participants that had completed active treatment for cancer within the previous 2 years. Participants were colorectal cancer survivors (N = 24, men = 11, women = 13, M age = 69.38 years, SD = 4.19) recruited from a private hospital in Perth, Australia on the basis that they had existing morbidities that put them at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsFive main themes emerged: back to normal; the pleasures in life: ‘is it worth it?’; beliefs about health behavior; skepticism of eating guidelines; and lack of motivation. The majority of participants felt they were in good health and had made a full recovery. Participants questioned whether it was worth changing their lifestyle given their life stage and referred to the desire to enjoy life. Lay health beliefs, skepticism of eating guidelines, and a lack of motivation were barriers to change.ConclusionsInterventions should target lay beliefs and skepticism in relation to health behaviors in order to reinforce the importance and value of participating in health‐related behavior.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsFindings may inform the development of effective, patient‐centered interventions that target lay health beliefs and build motivation for health behavior change. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manifestation of strong d‐p hybridization in photoluminescence spectra of ZnO:Ni and ZnO:Co
Authors: Sokolov V. I. , Gruzdev N. B. , Pustovarov V. A. , Churmanov V. N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFor the first time photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectra for ZnO:Co and ZnO:Ni crystals were obtained at the excitation by the synchrotron radiation in the interval of energy of (3.7‐21) eV, T = 8 K. It is shown that these spectra are formed by intense radiative transitions through 3d charge transfer states in the band gap. This fact evidences about much stronger hybridization between d‐states of impurity and p‐states of anions in comparison with other II‐VI:3d compounds. It is very important for applications in optoelectronics, for visualization of ultraviolet radiation and understanding of photocatalytic activity of ZnO:3d nanocrystals in the visible region of the spectrum. From the comparison of PLE spectra for ZnO:Co and ZnO:Ni with the spectrum of calculated DOS for ZnO it is revealed a visible transformation of part of valence band states due to a strong d‐p hybridization. Obtained results allow us to consider ZnO:3d as a compounds with a strong correlations. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The local electron interaction with crystal defects in wurtzite CdS
Authors: Malyk Orest , Rodych Volodymyr , Il'Chuk Hryhoriy 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the present paper the interaction of electrons with different types of defects with the potential of the limited action radius – polar and nonpolar optical phonons, piezoelectric and acoustic phonons, static strain centers, ionized and neutral impurities – in cadmium sulfide is considered. The dopant concentration in observed CdS crystals was in the limits of 5.5×1015 ÷ 1.1×1019 cm‐3. The dependences of the electron mobility and Hall factor on temperature in the interval 10 ÷ 400 K are investigated. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth, structural and optical properties of ZnO/ZnMgO core‐shell heterostructures
Authors: Said Hassani S. A. , Sartel C. , Vilar C. , Amiri G. , Lusson A. , Sallet V. , Galtier P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractZnO nanowires have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire substrates. The use of N2O and DEZn as oxygen and zinc precursors combined with high temperature leads to the spontaneous growth of vertical ZnO nanowires (NWs) on underlying three dimensional islands present at the bottom of each nanowire. These nanowires are grown along the c axis of the wurtzite structure, exhibit well defined m‐plane facets and are free of extended defects. This configuration is favorable to band‐gap engineering studies. Based on this, we have grown a series of radial ZnO/ZnMgO shells and quantum wells with different thicknesses and Mg concentrations. ZnxMg1‐xO alloys have been grown using O2, (MCp)2Mg and DEZn as oxygen, magnesium and zinc precursors. Low temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy have assessed Mg concentrations in the shell up to 20%. Electron diffraction reveals that the ZnMgO alloyed structure is, at least partially, ordered. Micro‐photoluminescence performed on a single ZnO/ZnMgO coreshell nanowire including a quantum well exhibits luminescence properties, with a lateral quantum confined emission. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Varied pathways for simulated tropical cyclone rapid intensification. Part II: Vertical motion and cloud populations
Authors: Harnos Daniel S. , Nesbitt Stephen W. 
Published: March 2016

Differences in the vertical velocity characteristics associated with various cloud populations are evaluated for two simulated cases of tropical cyclone (TC) rapid intensification (RI) under varying wind shear. Within the radius of maximum wind (RMW), preceding RI in the low‐shear TC (hurricane Ike of 2008) increased updraught magnitudes for the top 1% of the distribution at 7 km occur, while in the high‐shear scenario (hurricane Earl of 2010) RI is led by increased updraught magnitudes of the top 1% of the distribution at 12 km. Three‐dimensional analyses of individual updraughts relative to their peak altitude enables direct quantification of processes associated with shallow cumuli, cumulus congestus, deep convection failing to penetrate the tropopause, and convective bursts (CBs). Mean profiles for each convective regime reveal positive contributions in certain variables of each updraught variety towards RI with positive diabatic heating, absolute vorticity, and moisture convergence roles.Within the RMW, CBs are shown to be the primary diabatic heating and vertical mass and vapour flux contributors in both simulations, while Ike includes secondary contributions from deep convection and congestus in addition to noteworthy diabatic heating from apparent stratiform processes that act to spin up the mid‐level vortex. Inner‐core moisture convergence has divided contributions from shallow cumuli, cumulus congestus, and CBs. CBs act to enhance potential vorticity to the greatest amount and over the deepest vertical layer at low levels. The simulation results overwhelmingly support the aggregate importance of vertically developed deep convection and its associated ice processes to the initiation and maintenance of RI.
Who needs experts most? Board industry expertise and strategic change—a contingency perspective
Authors: Oehmichen Jana , Schrapp Sebastian , Wolff Michael 
Published: March 2016

Research summary: We analyze the effects of board industry expertise on corporate strategic change and the moderating role of institutional quality. We suggest that country‐level contingency factors mitigate the effect of experienced boards on strategy formation by providing alternative sources of information and control in strategic matters. We develop institutional quality as institutional information provision and institutional control provision to test our hypotheses on a sample of firms from MSCI Europe and the S&P 500. Our findings confirm that industry expertise is a salient driver of strategic change across countries. The strength of the effect, however, depends on the institutional quality. We submit that weak institutions require greater board industry expertise as an alternative channel of information and control.Management summary: This study provides new empirical evidence that experience in the firms' industries enables directors to increase strategic change. Our findings show that this effect is even stronger in countries with weak regulatory environments. We hereby provide guidance for multiple stakeholders. First, shareholders seeking a more active adjustment of their firms' strategies may want to compose boards that leverage such experienced directors. Second, directors can use their industry experience to control and to challenge managers better to move beyond the status quo. Third, managers lacking access to information on potential strategic change can use such experienced directors for strategic advice and as a source of information. Overall, we add to the understanding of the corporate board's role in shaping strategy and the influence of weak regulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Mechanisms for the Modulation of Selected Inflammatory Markers by Dietary Rice Bran Oil in Rats Fed Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Fat
Authors: Rao Y. Poorna Chandra , Kumar P. Pavan , Lokesh B. R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIndustrially produced partially hydrogenated vegetable fat (PHVF) contains trans fatty acids (TFA) mostly comprising elaidic acid (EA, 18:1∆9t). Though, the harmful effects of TFA on health have been repeatedly publicized, the fat containing TFA have been continued to be used as a cooking medium in many regions of the world. The adverse effects of PHVF on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and the possible ameliorative action of rice bran oil (RBO) on these markers were evaluated. Weaning rats were fed a AIN‐93 purified diet supplemented with the following lipids: groundnut oil (GNO, 10 wt%), PHVF (10 wt%), RBO (10 wt%), PHVF blended with RBO at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 wt% levels. The final concentration of the lipids in the diet was maintained at 10 wt%. Rats were fed these diets for 60 days. They were sacrificed and analyzed for oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. The rats fed PHVF showed lower levels of lipid peroxidation and hepatic antioxidant enzymes. The rats fed PHVF‐containing diets showed enhanced levels of interleukin‐1β, C‐reactive proteins and also showed enhanced levels of paw inflammation when injected with carrageenan as compared to rats given GNO, RBO or PHVF blended with incremental amounts of RBO. The macrophages from rats fed diet containing PHVF showed up‐regulation in the expressions of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), nuclear factor‐κB p65, toll like receptor (TLR)‐2, TLR‐4 and down‐regulation in the expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR)γ, adiponectin receptor (AdipoR)‐1 and AdipoR‐2 when compared to rats fed diet containing GNO, RBO and PHVF blended with RBO. It was concluded that dietary PHVF enhance pro‐inflammatory markers which can be reduced by judiciously blending PHVF with RBO.
Tensiones y reconfiguraciones de la práctica docente ante el cambio curricular en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Authors: Hamui Sutton Alicia 
Published: March 2016

La Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM inició en 2010 la implementación de un nuevo plan de estudios cuya característica básica fue la de incorporar en las asignaturas el modelo pedagógico de las competencias. El denominado Plan 2010, está centrado en el estudiante y pone énfasis en el autoaprendizaje, lo que de facto transforma los roles que desempeñan los profesores en el proceso educativo. La escasa orientación y capacitación a los docentes provocó tensiones en el interior de los departamentos encargados del diseño curricular de las asignaturas y de coordinar a los alumnos y profesores. Este trabajo analiza, a partir de las siete estrategias de formación docente de Jolly, las variadas respuestas de los sujetos docentes ante los cambios educativos y los desafíos que enfrentan los profesores en los ciclos básicos (dos primeros años de la licenciatura). También aborda las representaciones y las prácticas que desarrollan los docentes en las interacciones cotidianas en el contexto de la reestructuración del campo de la educación médica. En la discusión se contrastan las propuestas de Jolly con el proceso de transformación docente en la Facultad de Medicina.
Shared dynamical features of smooth- and rough-wall boundary-layer turbulence
Authors: Ebner R. L. , Mehdi Faraz , Klewicki J. C. 
Published: March 2016

The structure of smooth- and rough-wall turbulent boundary layers is investigated using existing data and newly acquired measurements derived from a four element spanwise vorticity sensor. Scaling behaviours and structural features are interpreted using the mean momentum equation based framework described for smooth-wall flows by Klewicki (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 718, 2013, pp. 596–621), and its extension to rough-wall flows by Mehdiet al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 731, 2013, pp. 682–712). This framework holds potential relative to identifying and characterizing universal attributes shared by smooth- and rough-wall flows. As prescribed by the theory, the present analyses show that a number of statistical features evidence invariance when normalized using the characteristic length associated with the wall-normal transition to inertial leading-order mean dynamics. On the inertial domain, the spatial size of the advective transport contributions to the mean momentum balance attain approximate proportionality with this length over significant ranges of roughness and Reynolds number. The present results support the hypothesis of Mehdiet al., that outer-layer similarity is, in general, only approximately satisfied in rough-wall flows. This is because roughness almost invariably leaves some imprint on the vorticity field; stemming from the process by which roughness influences (generally augments) the near-wall three-dimensionalization of the vorticity field. The present results further indicate that the violation of outer similarity over regularly spaced spanwise oriented bar roughness correlates with the absence of scale separation between the motions associated with the wall-normal velocity and spanwise vorticity on the inertial domain.
On the reduction of aerofoil–turbulence interaction noise associated with wavy leading edges
Authors: Kim Jae Wook , Haeri Sina , Joseph Phillip F. 
Published: March 2016

An aerofoil leading-edge profile based on wavy (sinusoidal) protuberances/tubercles is investigated to understand the mechanisms by which they are able to reduce the noise produced through the interaction with turbulent mean flow. Numerical simulations are performed for non-lifting flat-plate aerofoils with straight and wavy leading edges (denoted by SLE and WLE, respectively) subjected to impinging turbulence that is synthetically generated in the upstream zone (free-stream Mach number of 0.24). Full three-dimensional Euler (inviscid) solutions are computed for this study thereby eliminating self-noise components. A high-order accurate finite-difference method and artefact-free boundary conditions are used in the current simulations. Various statistical analysis methods, including frequency spectra, are implemented to aid the understanding of the noise-reduction mechanisms. It is found with WLEs, unlike the SLE, that the surface pressure fluctuations along the leading edge exhibit a significant source-cutoff effect due to geometric obliqueness which leads to reduced levels of radiated sound pressure. It is also found that there exists a phase interference effect particularly prevalent between the peak and the hill centre of the WLE geometry, which contributes to the noise reduction in the mid- to high-frequency range.
Molecular identification ofEntamoebaspecies in savanna woodland chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Authors: JIRKŮ-POMAJBÍKOVÁ KATEŘINA , ČEPIČKA IVAN , KALOUSOVÁ BARBORA , JIRKŮ MILAN , STEWART FIONA , LEVECKE BRUNO , MODRÝ DAVID , PIEL ALEX K. , PETRŽELKOVÁ KLÁRA J. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYTo address the molecular diversity and occurrence of pathogenic species of the genusEntamoebaspp. in wild non-human primates (NHP) we conducted molecular-phylogenetic analyses onEntamoebafrom wild chimpanzees living in the Issa Valley, Tanzania. We compared the sensitivity of molecular [using a genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] and coproscopic detection (merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde concentration) ofEntamoebaspp. We identifiedEntamoebaspp. in 72 chimpanzee fecal samples (79%) subjected to species-specific PCRs for sixEntamoebaspecies/groups (Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba nuttalli, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii, Entamoeba coliandEntamoeba poleckiST2). We recorded threeEntamoebaspecies:E. coli(47%),E. dispar(16%),Entamoeba hartmanni(51%). Coproscopically, we could only distinguish the cysts of complexE. histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii/nuttalliandE. coli. Molecular prevalence of entamoebas was higher than the prevalence based on the coproscopic examination. Our molecular phylogenies showed that sequences ofE. disparandE. colifrom Issa chimpanzees are closely related to sequences from humans and other NHP from GenBank. The results showed that wild chimpanzees harbourEntamoebaspecies similar to those occurring in humans; however, no pathogenic species were detected. Molecular-phylogenetic methods are critical to improve diagnostics of entamoebas in wild NHP and for determining an accurate prevalence ofEntamoebaspecies.
Rapid conservation assessment for endangered species using habitat connectivity models
Authors: SCHAFFER-SMITH DANICA , SWENSON JENNIFER J. , BÓVEDA-PENALBA ANTONIO J. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYTo avoid extinction of rare species in regions of active environmental change, strategic approaches are needed to manage remaining habitat. When observations of dispersal or metapopulation information are not available, habitat connectivity simulations may offer a valuable alternative source of information to assess threats and evaluate conservation options. For the Critically Endangered San Martin titi monkey (Callicebus oenanthe) in north central Peru, an updated distribution model was generated and land cover in the heavily deforested northern range of the species was mapped. The value of remaining forest fragments was characterized and threats from future land use change were assessed using complementary connectivity models. It is estimated that the species range is less than 14 000 km2. Remote sensing analysis reveals that at least 34% of lowland forest in the northern range has been lost, while nearly 95% of remaining habitat fragments are likely too small to support viable populations and less than 8% of this habitat lies within conservation areas. Areas with the highest modelled connectivity comprise only 10% of the remaining forest in the northern range and small patches may contribute disproportionately to movement; these lands represent opportunities for conservation and reforestation to prevent potentially significant impacts from future mining and urban development. This study prioritized remaining suitable habitat patches using modelled connectivity and local knowledge to gain insight into the status of an understudied species. This approach offers a relatively rapid method to identify potential land use conflicts, and to further focus research and locally appropriate conservation.
Israel's 1967 Governmental Debate about the Annexation of East Jerusalem: The Nascent Alliance with the United States, Overshadowed by “United Jerusalem”
Authors: Friesel Ofra 
Published: March 2016

“No Israeli, dove or hawk, will ever surrender any part of Jerusalem.”Arthur J. Goldberg, United States Ambassador to the United Nations 1965–68
The main position of modern international law prohibits the annexation of occupied territory. Israel, however, like Jordan two decades earlier, annexed East Jerusalem after its occupation in June 1967, and applied its national laws there. Although the legality of the Israeli move according to international law has been debated extensively ever since, the fact that in doing so Israel chose to act contrary to expressed American objections to this move has not been thoroughly examined, however. This research focuses on the Israeli governmental deliberations and eventual decision to annex East Jerusalem, against the backdrop of the early days of the emergence of a hesitant Israeli–American alliance following the 1967 War. Through an analysis of Israeli government meeting protocols, now released to the public, together with American and United Nations sources and existing scholarship, I aim to uncover what weight the United States objection to Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem held in the Israeli government's deliberations concerning whether or not to annex it.