bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chief Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Carrington Kerry 
Published: December 2015

It has been a great year for the journal: our most successful ever. This edition marks three years of publication of the International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy. In 2015 the journal was selected for inclusion into Scopus and Web of Science data bases. This is a terrific success story and testimony to the high quality of the articles, the editorship, the reviewing and the international readership of the journal. We are grateful as ever to our distinguished International Editorial Board and all our reviewers who are anonymous to readers and authors due to the norms of blind peer reviewing. We also thank the out-going foundational co-editor-in-chief Reece Walters for his efforts in making this journal the success it is. The journal has now surpassed 150,000 abstract views and 100,000 full PDF downloads. This journal is one of only a few in the world of criminology to support fully on-line free-to-download articles, and to promote creative commons copyright: that is, authors’ rights to reproduce their own material. We support the democratisation of knowledge and are delighted to be leaders in high quality international journal publishing.Download the PDF file here for the Chief Editors’ introduction to this issue and be motivated by the eclectic and impressive range of topics offered by our contributors to read further.
Improvement of properties of an ambipolar organic field-effect transistor by using a singlet biradicaloid film
Authors: Yamane Wataru , Koike Harunobu , Chikamatsu Masayuki , Kubo Takashi , Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Kanai Kaname 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We have improved the properties of ambipolar organic field-effect transistors by chemically treating the source and drain electrodes with a vacuum-deposited biradicaloid film. Biradicaloid was a diphenyl derivative of s-indacenodiphenalene (Ph2-IDPL). An alkane thiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was used as an insulator buffer layer at the Ph2-IDPL/electrode interface to prevent off-current. We confirmed the transport level alignment at the Ph2-IDPL/SAM/electrode interface by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and inverse photoemission spectroscopy. Although Ph2-IDPL transistors containing the SAM showed a higher on/off ratio or mobility than a previously reported device without the buffer layer, there was a trade-off between on/off ratio and mobility. Our results suggest that biradical molecules are promising candidates for use in low-power inverters.
On climate model simulations of the large‐scale meteorology associated with California heat waves
Authors: Grotjahn Richard , Lee Yun‐Young 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPrevious work considered how well the large‐scale meteorological patterns (LSMPs) associated with California Central Valley heat waves are captured by a climate model. Recent work found two distinct types of LSMPs and key parcel trajectories occurring prior to heat wave onset. This study searches for those two types of heat waves in two additional reanalyses and in historical simulations by 14 climate models. The reanalyses develop both types with similar properties; their differences are used as a conservative estimate of acceptable differences between data sets. All the models develop heat waves of both types, but the models vary quite a bit in the separation between the two types, the magnitudes of the two types, and the frequency of occurrence of the two types. The best models match a third to a half of the properties found in reanalyses. Models tend to have lower valued projections onto the two types than reanalyses, consistent with a systematic tendency to center the hottest 850 hPa temperatures onshore instead of just offshore. Models of higher horizontal resolution tend to simulate better the two types. There is some evidence that models with a low top (with relatively poorly resolved stratosphere) also simulate the clusters better.
Aza‐Henry Reaction of Isatin Ketimines with Methyl 4‐Nitrobutyrate en Route to Spiro[piperidine‐3,3′‐oxindoles]
Authors: Holmquist Melireth , Blay Gonzalo , Muñoz M. Carmen , Pedro José R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA new enantioselective route to spiro[piperidine‐3,3′‐oxindoles] from isatin ketimines is described. The aza‐Henry reaction of N‐Boc‐isatin ketimines with methyl 4‐nitrobutyrate in the presence of a Ph2BOX‐CuBr2 complex provided the corresponding nitro amino esters with good diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee). The aza‐Henry adducts were transformed into spiro[piperidine‐3,3′‐oxindoles] after reduction of the nitro group to oxime, and cleavage of the N‐Boc group and lactamisation.magnified image
Amines vs. N‐Oxides as Organocatalysts for Acylation, Sulfonylation and Silylation of Alcohols: 1‐Methylimidazole N‐Oxide as an Efficient Catalyst for Silylation of Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Murray James I. , Spivey Alan C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA comparison of the relative catalytic efficiencies of Lewis‐basic amines vs. N‐oxides for the acylation, sulfonylation and silylation of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols is reported. Whilst the amines are generally superior to the N‐oxides for acylation, the N‐oxides are superior for sulfonylation and silylation. In particular, 1‐methylimidazole N‐oxide (NMI‐O) is found to be a highly efficient catalyst for sulfonylation and silylation reactions. To the best of our knowledge, NMI‐O is the first amine or N‐oxide Lewis basic organocatalyst capable of promoting the efficient silylation of tert‐alcohols in high yield with low catalyst loading under mild reaction conditions.magnified image
Utilizing an o‐Quinone Methide in Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation: Enantioselective Synthesis of Brosimine A, Brosimine B, and Brosimacutin L
Authors: Keßberg Anton , Metz Peter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA concise and highly enantioselective synthesis of the flavonoids brosimine A, brosimine B, and brosimacutin L is reported for the first time. The key transformation is a single‐step conversion of a flavanone into a flavan by means of an asymmetric transfer hydrogenation/deoxygenation cascade.
Study of particle size distribution and oxygen mass balance in a bubbling fluidizing combustor using cotton stalk
Authors: Sharma Rajeev Kamal , Mohapatra S.  K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFluidized bed combustor is one out of the most popular techniques to utilize biomass wastes in agricultural states like Punjab, India. In this work, a three‐phase mathematical model, considering bubble growth along bed height, has been developed. The mathematical model has been used to find out certain key performance parameters like carbon utilization efficiency, bed carbon load and exit gas composition in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor using tuyre‐type distributor plate. The model predictions have been compared with 7.5 MW fluidized bed power plant using cotton stalk and are found to be in good agreement with plant data. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Was tun mit Metaphern? Überlegungen zur Bedeutung von Metaphern und Metapherntheorie für die Wissenschaftsgeschichte am Beispiel medizinischer Schockmetaphorik
Authors: Koch Ulrich 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHow to Do Things with Metaphors: Reflections on the Role of Metaphors and Metaphor Theory for the History of Science Using the Example of Shock Metaphors in Medicine. In recent decades, metaphors have attracted a great deal of interest within the history, philosophy, and sociology of science. The article takes the growing interest in epistemic metaphors as the starting point of a discussion of two conflicting motives prevalent in theories of metaphor and metaphoricity: On the one hand, metaphors are associated with the indeterminacy of scientific discovery and the emergence of new epistemic objects; and on the other hand, metaphors are said to provide a filter of possible meanings and vantage‐points. It is argued that an approach, which aims to do justice to both tendencies, cannot exclusively rely on linguistic models but must expand its scope of inquiry to include the practical trajectories of a metaphor’s usage as well as the problematizations to which they respond, since both engender metaphorical meaning, albeit at the cost of semantic precision. The exemplary case discussed in the article, the psychologization of nervous shock in nineteenth century medical discourse, demonstrates that the incremental process of shock’s shifting semantics would be inadequately characterized as a metaphorical transfer. Instead, it is shown how the actualization of earlier meanings, in particular of shock as a state of altered consciousness, in novel professional and cultural contexts acted as a catalyst for the psychologization of shock and related nascent concepts such as psychic trauma. As a possible, and methodologically fruitful way of overcoming the one‐sidedness of linguistic notions of metaphor, a combination of Jürgen Link’s concept of inter‐discourse with a philosophical metaphorology (Blumenberg) is discussed in the final section of the paper.
Glycometabolic reprogramming associated with the initiation of human dental pulp stem cell differentiation
Authors: Wang Linyan , Cheng Li , Wang Huning , Pan Hongying , Yang Hui , Shao Meiying , Hu Tao 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGlycometabolism, particularly mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis, plays a central role in cell life activities. Glycometabolism can be reprogrammed to maintain the stemness or to induce the differentiation of stem cells, thereby regulating tissue repair and regeneration. However, research on the glycometabolism of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) remains scarce. Here, we investigated the relationship between glycometabolic reprogramming and initiation of hDPSC differentiation. We found the differentiation of hDPSCs commenced on day 3 when cells were cultured in mineralized medium. When cell differentiation commenced, mitochondria became elongated with well‐developed cristae, and the oxygen consumption rate of mitochondria was enhanced, manifested as an increase in basal respiration, mitochondrial ATP production, and maximal respiration. Interestingly, glycolytic enzyme activities, glycolysis capacity, and glycolysis reserve were also upregulated at this time to match the powerful bioenergetic demands. More importantly, hDPSCs derived from different donors or cultured in various oxygen environments showed similar glycometabolic changes when they began to differentiate. Thus, glycometabolic reprogramming accompanies initiation of hDPSC differentiation and could potentially play a role in the regulation of dental pulp repair.
Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Ag Nanoparticles of Different Shapes
Authors: Van Cleve Tim , Gibara Emily , Linic Suljo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSilver electrocatalysts are an attractive alternative to platinum for electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline fuel cells. Recent advances in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles have enabled the design of silver nanoparticles of different shapes, terminated with different surface facets that exhibit different catalytic properties. In this contribution, we prepared spherical and cubic silver nanoparticle electrocatalysts and tested their electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction activity in 0.1 m sodium hydroxide. Our work demonstrates that carbon‐supported silver nanospheres and nanocubes of similar size exhibit similar ORR activity with the spheres slightly outperforming the cubes. In addition, we suggest possible reasons for the slightly enhanced activity of the nanospheres.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite of Gallium Zinc Oxynitride Photocatalyst with Improved Activity for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Adeli Babak , Taghipour Fariborz 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGallium zinc oxynitride (GaN:ZnO) solid solution is one of the most promising visible‐light activated photocatalysts due to high stability in water splitting reaction conditions and controllable band edge potentials. To further enhance the activity of this photocatalyst by facilitating the photo‐induced charges separation, a nanocomposite of GaN:ZnO solid solution photocatalyst and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was fabricated through facile ultrasonication. Structural, optical, and electrochemical characterization of the prepared composite revealed the effective interaction between composite components and significant improvement in charge separation. The synthesized composite with a defined amount of GO demonstrated superior activity for overall water splitting under visible light irradiation with significantly higher apparent quantum efficiency.
π‐Electron Systems That Form Planar and Interlocked Anion Complexes and Their Ion‐Pairing Assemblies
Authors: Yamakado Ryohei , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Matsuda Wakana , Seki Shu , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Akine Shigehisa , Maeda Hiromitsu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInteractions between designed charged species are important for the ordered arrangements of π‐electron systems in assembled structures. As precursors of π‐electron anion units, new arylethynyl‐substituted dipyrrolyldiketone boron complexes, which showed anion‐responsive behavior, were synthesized. They formed a variety of receptor–anion complexes ([1+1] and [2+1] types) in solution, and the stabilities of these complexes were discussed in terms of their thermodynamic parameters. Solid‐state ion‐pairing assemblies of [1+1]‐ and [2+1]‐type complexes with countercations were also revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. In particular, a totally charge‐segregated assembly was constructed based on negatively and positively charged layers fabricated from [2+1]‐type receptor–anion complexes and tetrabutylammonium cations, respectively. Furthermore, the [1+1]‐type anion complex of the receptor possessing long alkyl chains exhibited mesophases based on columnar assembled structures with contributions from charge‐by‐charge and charge‐segregated arrangements, which exhibited charge‐carrier transporting properties.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective Ethynylation of Tryptophan‐Containing Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Hansen Morten Borre , Hubálek František , Skrydstrup Troels , Hoeg‐Jensen Thomas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEthynylation of various tryptophan‐containing peptides and a single model protein was achieved using Waser's reagent, 1‐[(triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl]‐1,2‐benziodoxol‐3(1 H)‐one (TIPS‐EBX), under gold(I) catalysis. It was demonstrated by NMR that the ethynylation occured selectively at the C2‐position of the indole ring of tryptophan. Further, MS/MS showed that the tryptophan residues could be modified selectively with ethynyl functionalities even when the tryptophan was present as a part of the protein. Finally, the terminal alkyne was used to label a model peptide with a fluorophore by means of copper‐catalyzed click chemistry.
Lung Delivery of Indacaterol and Mometasone Furoate Following Inhalation of QMF149 in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Vaidya Soniya S. , Khindri Sanjeev , Maahs Suzanne , Machineni Surendra , Hara Hisanori , Juan Axel , Kaiser Günther 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis single‐dose, 4‐period crossover study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the β2‐agonist indacaterol maleate and the corticosteroid mometasone furoate (MF) after inhalation of a fixed‐dose combination (QMF149, indacaterol maleate/MF, 500/400 μg) via the Twisthaler (TH) device with and without activated charcoal and postdose mouth rinsing in healthy volunteers. The PK of indacaterol maleate 300 μg inhaled via the Breezhaler (BRZ) device was also characterized. Relative bioavailability of indacaterol and MF for inhalation with versus without charcoal, based on AUClast, was 0.25 (90% confidence interval [CI], 0.18–0.35) and 0.70 (90%CI, 0.52–0.93), respectively. Thus, 25% and 70% of systemic exposure of indacaterol and MF, respectively was due to pulmonary absorption and 75% and 30%, respectively, was due to gastrointestinal absorption. Mouth rinsing reduced the systemic exposure of indacaterol by approximately 35% but had no relevant effect on the exposure of MF. Dose‐normalized AUClast for indacaterol inhaled via the BRZ device was 2.3‐fold higher than QMF149 via the TH device. All treatments had a good safety profile and were well tolerated. Data from this study and comparison with inhalation of indacaterol via the BRZ device suggest that the latter was more efficient than the TH device regarding lung delivery of indacaterol.
Cobalt phthalocyanine nanowires: Growth, crystal structure, and optical properties
Authors: Ji Xiaolin , Zou Taoyu , Gong Hao , Wu Qiong , Qiao Zhenfang , Wu Wei , Wang Hai 
Published: December 2015

Cobalt phthalocyanine nanowires with new crystal structure and broad optical absorption spectra were fabricated by using organic vapor phase deposition method. The morphology, crystal structure and optical properties of CoPc nanowires were characterized by SEM, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and UV‐visible spectroscopies. Analyses of X‐ray diffraction patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicate that the crystal structure of CoPc nanowires represents a new polymorph, which is designated J‐CoPc. These J‐CoPc nanowires with high directionality (average diameter ∼50 nm) surprisingly possess much broader optical absorption spectra in the visible spectral region than those of the α‐ and β‐phase CoPc, enabling high potential for practical applications in novel molecular electronic/optical devices.
Power allocation for two‐user cognitive multiple access channels under primary user outage constraint
Authors: Xu Ding , Li Qun 
Published: December 2015

SummaryWe consider a two‐user spectrum sharing cognitive radio multiple access channel (CR‐MAC) coexisting with a pair of primary users (PUs). Different from the existing works in CR‐MAC where the interference power constraint is applied to protect the PU transmission, a more advanced protection criterion over the interference power constraint, namely, PU outage constraint, is adopted in this paper not only to protect the PU transmission but also improve the performance of the CR‐MAC. Under such a constraint, as well as the transmit power constraint, and assuming that perfect channel state information (CSI) is available, two heuristic power allocation algorithms for the secondary users based on dual optimization are proposed. The objective is to maximize the ergodic sum capacity of the CR‐MAC without successive interference cancelation (SIC). One algorithm applies alternating direction optimization method to derive an iterative power allocation, while the other algorithm adopts exclusive transmission to determine the power allocation. Besides, we extend our results to the multi‐user and partial CSI scenarios. It is shown by extensive simulations that the proposed algorithm based on alternating direction optimization method always outperforms the existing algorithms based on the interference power constraint, while the proposed algorithm based on exclusive transmission outperforms the existing algorithms for medium and large values of the transmit power limit. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of chronic kidney disease with abnormal cardiac mechanics and adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Unger Erin D. , Dubin Ruth F. , Deo Rajat , Daruwalla Vistasp , Friedman Julie L. , Medina Crystal , Beussink Lauren , Freed Benjamin H. , Shah Sanjiv J. 
Published: December 2015

AimsChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with worse outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Whether this association is due the effect of CKD on intrinsic abnormalities in cardiac function is unknown. We hypothesized that CKD is independently associated with worse cardiac mechanics in HFpEF.Methods and ResultsWe prospectively studied 299 patients enrolled in the Northwestern University HFpEF Program. Using the creatinine‐based CKD‐Epi equation to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), study participants were analysed by CKD status (using eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 to denote CKD). Indices of cardiac mechanics (longitudinal strain parameters) were measured using speckle‐tracking echocardiography. Using multivariable‐adjusted linear and Cox regression analyses, we determined the association between CKD and echocardiographic parameters and clinical outcomes (cardiovascular hospitalization or death). Of 299 study participants, 48% had CKD. CKD (dichotomous variable) and reduced eGFR (continuous variable) were both associated with worse cardiac mechanics indices including left atrial (LA) reservoir strain, LV longitudinal strain, and right ventricular free wall strain even after adjusting for potential confounders, including co‐morbidities, EF, and volume status. For example, for each 1–SD decrease in eGFR, LA reservoir strain was 3.52% units lower (P < 0.0001) after multivariable adjustment. Reduced eGFR was also associated with worse outcomes [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.61 per 1–SD decrease in eGFR; P = 0.039]. The association was attenuated after adjustment for indices of cardiac mechanics (P = 0.064).ConclusionIn HFpEF, CKD is independently associated with worse cardiac mechanics, which may explain why HFpEF patients with CKD have worse outcomes.Trial registration: NCT01030991
Energy and Exergy Analyses of a Pyroelectric‐Based Solar Energy Harvesting System
Authors: Sharma Manish , Vaish Rahul , Chauhan Vishal Singh 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study is concerned with energy and exergy analyses of a solar energy harvesting system based on the pyroelectric effect. The [Bi0.5(Na0.94K0.05Li0.016)0.5]0.95Ba0.05TiO3 (BNKLBT) ceramic was studied in present investigation using finite‐element analysis, and the power output was optimized for different load resistance and load capacitance values. The maximum power output obtained was 2.2 μW across a load resistance of 50 MΩ and a 4.7 μF load capacitor. Further exergy analysis was performed for the pyroelectric energy harvesting system. The maximum values for the electrical and thermal exergies obtained were 2.3 μW and 37 mW, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum obtained electrical and thermal exergy efficiencies were 0.00013 % and 11.16 %, respectively.
Systematic development of a new hysteretic damper based on torsional yielding: part I—design and development
Authors: Salem Milani Ali , Dicleli Murat 
Published: December 2015

SummaryAnalytical and experimental studies into the behavior of a new hysteretic damper, designed for seismic protection of structures is presented in two papers. Although the subject matter of the papers is a specific system, they are also intended as an illustration of practical application of diverse engineering tools in systematic development of an anti‐seismic product. The Multi‐directional Torsional Hysteretic Damper (MTHD) is a recently patented invention in which a symmetrical arrangement of identical cylindrical steel energy dissipaters is configured to yield in torsion while the structure experiences planar movements due to earthquake shakings. The device has gone through many stages of design refinement, prototype verification tests and development of design guidelines and computer codes to facilitate its implementation in practice. The first of this two‐part paper summarizes the development stages of the new system, conceptual and analytical. The experimental phase of the research is the focus of the accompanying paper. The new device has certain desirable properties. Notably, it is characterized by a variable and controllable‐via‐design or adaptive post‐elastic stiffness. This feature gives the isolated structure the capability to evade the dominant period of the ground motion leading to reduced displacements while having force levels comparable to regular bilinear isolation systems. The device has already been applied to four major bridges. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.