bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessor’s Status in Land Consolidation in Europe – Reports From Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Latvia and Estonia
Authors: Sulonen Kimmo , Kotilainen Seija 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate a landowner’s status as a lessor in land consolidation on agricultural areas in Europe. The research was based on surveys designed for land consolidation experts from Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Latvia, Estonia and statistical data of the areas. The lease of agricultural land is common in Europe. However, there are differences related to how common the lease is and what the rental value of land is. The variation is based on factors such as differences in the markets, historical development of the agricultural lands and current legislation. The lessors have rights as landowners in land consolidation, but in case the land is used by third parties, lessor’s status is more limited compared to other landowners’. Similarly the costs of land consolidation typically are paid by landowners, not by users. The lessors are commonly indifferent and suspicious about the land consolidation. They are occasionally suspicious, especially before or at the beginning of the process, but later on they seem to be less suspicious. The lessors’ experience of land consolidation is based commonly on a fear of additional costs for their investment.
Environmental Costs Management of the Project: The Experience of Russia and Mongolia
Authors: Gengut Igor , Davaahuu Nyamdorj , Alnykina Elena , Potravnyy Ivan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the assessment problems of the ecological costs management of the production in the project activity. The authors study the conditions of preparation and implementation of investment projects to eliminate accumulated environmental damage in the context of “green” economy. The technogenic deposits’ use approaches are considered for the purpose of the production costs optimization. The paper explains the necessity of building the fund liquidation (a fund for future generations) in the depletion of resource base of the enterprise. The proposed mechanism for the management of environmental costs in project activities can be used at the enterprises of Russia and Mongolia. For example, the Mongolian-Russian mining company “Erdenet” in Mongolia shows the direction to reduce costs and production costs through the implementation of measures for resource and energy efficiency, involving economic circulation of off-balance ores and tailings.
Water Efficient Cropping Systems for Semi-Arid Regions in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad A. , Ahmed Z.I. , Shehzad M. , Aziz I. , Khan K.S. , Shoaib M. , Mehmood T. , Mubeen K. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Water scarcity and land degradation are emerging threats to global food production. The dry land regions of world are affected by climate change to a greater extent and facing food insecurity. The current pattern of food production has been estimated to be inadequate to meet demands of growing population and required around 38% increase to meet world`s food demands by 2025. Food insecurity in erosion hit dry land regions of Pakistan also demands development of resource-efficient cropping systems to meet the food needs of population growing. The research studies involved different cropping patterns such as fallow-wheat, mungbean-wheat, sorghum-wheat, fallow-lentil, mungbean-lentil, sorghum-lentil, fallow-barley, mungbean-barley and sorghum-barley. The organic amendments involved farmyard manure, NPK, poultry manure, compost and inoculation by phosphorus solubilizing microbes. The effect of cropping systems and soil amendments were evaluated at field scale in terms of water use efficiency measured in terms of economic terms. The results of the studies revealed that double cropping (mungbean-lentil and mungbean-barley) was feasible option in the dryland regions of Pakistan if integrated with the use of poultry manure as alternate environmental-friendly strategy to cut down the use of mineral fertilizers and eliminate summer fallowing.
Coefficient Analysis and Association between Morpho-Agronomical Characters in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Akhshi N. , Firouzabadi F. Nazarian , Cheghamirza K. , Dorri H.R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPulses are important food sources for human consumption. In an attempt to study the associations between common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) morpho-agronomical traits, twelve genotypes and inbred lines were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2010-2011 crop season. Seed yield and 20 other morpho-agronomic characters were recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.01) difference among genotypes with respect to almost all traits. Correlation analysis demonstrated that seed yield had a strong positive correlation with both seed number per plant and seed number per pod, suggesting the usefulness of these traits in common bean breeding programs. Step-wise regression analysis pointed out that the pod weight, seed number per pod and 100 seed weight contributed to the seed yield prediction, whereas other traits did not contributed to the seed yield prediction. These traits explained almost 99% of total seed yield variations. Path analysis showed that the maximum direct and positive effect was related to pod weight. Furthermore, factor analysis revealed that four factors, explained almost 71% of the total variance. The results of this research showed that biologic yield, pod weight, straw weight, number of pod per plant and seed number per plant were the most closely related traits to the seed yield.
Effects of Different Nutritional Systems on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Medicinal Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Authors: Zarei D. , Shabani G. , Chaichi M. Reza , Khanahmadi M. , Akbarabadi A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effect of different nutritional systems (chemical, biological and integrated) on germination and seedling growth in medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). The statistical design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. Four levels of different fertilizing systems including chemical (T1), biological (a combination of nitrogen bacteria, Azospirillum brasilense and Glomus mosseae) (T2) and integrated fertilizing systems (biological fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer) (T3), and control (without fertilizer) (T0), were employed. The results indicated that the maximum seed germination was 95% and the highest seed germination rate with 30.4 per day was observed in the intergraded nutritional treatment. The experimental results showed that all nutritional treatments had positive effects on seed germination compared to control. The highest level of germination percentage with 95% and the highest rate of germination with 30.4 seeds per day were obtained in integrated nutritional treatment. However, the integrated nutritional system required more time to demonstrate its positive effect on the growth and yield of medicinal pumpkin compared to chemical system. The results of present experiment indicated that integrated nutritional treatment had the greatest positive impact on germination characteristics in medicinal pumpkin. Designing and developing such nutritional systems can guarantee and facilitate the achievement of long-term objectives of sustainable agriculture.
Effect of Salinity on Nodulation, Glutamine Synthetase and Glutamate Synthase Activity in Nodules of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Younesi O. , Moradi A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Bami cultivar of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was inoculated with salt-tolerant Sinorhizobium meliloti in solution culture with different salt concentrations (0, 50, 75 and 100 mmoles 1-1NaCl) added immediately at the time of inoculation. The results indicated that S. meliloti formed an infective and effective symbiosis with alfalfa under saline and nonsaline conditions. Salinity significantly decreased shoot and root dry weight, nodule weight and mean nodule weight. Roots were more sensitive than shoots, and N2 fixation was more sensitive to salinity than was plant growth. Analyses of ammonium assimilating enzymes in the nodule showed that glutamine synthetase appeared to be more tolerant to salinity than glutamate synthase, and that it limits ammonium assimilation under saline stress.
Anatomical, Histochemical and Ultrastructural Adaptations of the Alimentary Canal of the Uromastyx aegyptius and the Spalerosophis diadema to their Food Habits
Authors: Baiomy A.A.A. , Mansour A.A. , Attia H.F. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This study deals with anatomical, histochemical and ultrastructural adaptations of the alimentary canal of the Uromastyx aegyptius and the Spalerosophis diadema to their food habits. Proteins and nucleic acids are highly pronounced in the alimentary tract mucosal cells of the studied two species. A variable distribution of proteins and nucleic acids was observed in the different regions of the alimentary tract mucosa of the studied two species. The activity of alkaline phosphatase showed obvious variations not only among different organs, but also between the two species. At the ultrastructural level, the oesophageal mucosal cells contained oval shaped euchromatic nucleus with condensed chromatin and the perinuclear cytoplasm contained some electron-light vesicles. The gastric mucosal cells contained oval shaped euchromatic nucleus with condensed chromatin and the cytoplasm contained many rough endoplasmic reticulum, also many tonofilaments formed thick bundles which converged at the adherence junction in the lateral membranes. The small and large mucosal intestinal cells contained oval euchromatic nuclei and their cytoplasm contained few electron-light vesicles, also their lateral membranes showed many interdigitations. In spite of their difference in taxonomy, habitat, mode of feeding and their vital activities, they show more or less a similarity in the histochemical and ultrastructural patterns of their alimentary tract mucosa. This study can be applied to distinguish between different species of reptiles and for establishment of natural reserves.
‘Justice seen is Justice done?’ - Assessing the Impact of Outreach Activities by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
Authors: Schulz Philipp 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
By referring to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) as a case study, this paper seeks to explore the impact of outreach activities by international criminal tribunals. Building upon primary field research findings, including twenty-seven in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 108 respondents, this paper applies a theory-driven investigation of the impact of outreach activities by the ICTR. Contrary to the theoretical argument, on a national level throughout society over time, outreach activities by the ICTR did neither increase awareness and understanding, nor shape positive perceptions towards the Tribunal and its expected contribution to reconciliation. Furthermore, a comparison of groups of outreach participants and control groups shows that outreach did increase the level of knowledge among beneficiaries of such activities. An increased understanding, however, cannot be correlated with more positive perceptions towards the Tribunal or its role in promoting reconciliation.
Coexistence of rare variant HbD Punjab [α2β2121(Glu→Gln)] and alpha 3.7 kb deletion in a young boy of Hindu family in West Bengal, India
Authors: Ghosh Arijit , Basak Jayasri , Mukhopadhyay Ashis 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHbD Punjab is a variant of hemoglobin which occurs as a result of mutation in codon 121 (GAA>CAA) of the β-globin gene, which replaces glutamic acid with glutamine (Glu→Gln). The heterozygous state of HbD does not produce any clinical or hematological symptoms, although its association with HbS and thalassemia produces clinically significant but less severe conditions. The homozygous state produces mild hemolytic anemia and mild to moderate splenomegaly. Alpha-thalassemia is characterized by reduction or absence of the α-globin chains due to deletional or non-deletional mutations of α-globin genes located on chromosome 16. The present study describes a Hindu family where both HbD Punjab and alpha 3.7 kb deletion are present among the members in the heterozygous and double heterozygous state. Comparison of clinical and hematological parameters between the heterozygous and double heterozygous state of HbD and the alpha 3.7 kb deletion is also discussed here. According to our study, the prevalence rate of HbD Punjab is very low, i.e. 0.06%.
Traditional agricultural landscape and their management in less favoured areas in Slovakia
Authors: Špulerová Jana , Drábová Monika , Lieskovský Juraj 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Traditional agricultural landscapes are a mosaic of small-scale arable fields and permanent agricultural cultivations such as grasslands, vineyards and high-trunk orchards. Most of them are threatened by abandonment as they are usually situated in marginal mountain regions with less favourable conditions for agriculture. Our aim was to analyse the distribution of traditional agricultural landscapes in less favoured areas and the effects of the supportive measures of the Common Agricultural Policy, which are oriented towards helping farmers from these areas in maintaining traditional agriculture. Except for traditional agricultural vineyard landscapes, almost all TAL plots are situated in less favoured areas. Most of them are located in mountain areas with less favourable conditions for agriculture. Abandonment of traditional agricultural landscape inside the less favoured areas is significantly higher than in locations elsewhere. The supportive measures of the Common Agricultural Policy do not effectively mitigate this abandonment. If we would like to maintain traditional agricultural landscape in less favoured areas, it is necessary to stop the existing negative trend of abandonment and search for new ways to motivate farmers to continue their traditional farming by adjusting the conditions of the common agricultural policy to benefit small farmers as well.
Assessment of metals contamination and ecological risk in ait Ammar abandoned iron mine soil, Morocco
Authors: Nouri Mohamed , Haddioui Abd El Majid 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The present study is an attempt to assess the pollution intensity and corresponding ecological risk of phosphorus and metals including Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and Fe using various indices like geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor, pollution and ecological risk index. In all, 20 surface soil samples were collected from the Ait Ammar iron mine of Oued Zem city, province of Khouribga, in central Morocco. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil samples were used to assess their potential ecological risks. According to the results of potential ecological risk index (RI), pollution index (PI), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), potential contamination index (Cp), contaminant factor (Cf) and degree of contamination (Cd), based on the averages, considerable pollution of metals in soils of study area was observed. The consequence of the correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr and P mainly originated from natural sources and Cd and Pb are mostly derived from anthropogenic sources. The results showed that these metals in soil were ranked by severity of ecological risk as Pb > Cd > Cu > Cr > Zn, based on their single-element indexes. In view of the potential ecological risk (RI), soils from all soil samples showed a potential ecological risk. These results will provide basic information for the improvement of soil environment management and heavy metal pollution prevention in Ait Ammar.
Adjektive mit Negationspräfixen im heutigen Dänisch
Authors: Rajnik Eugeniusz 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The article offers a classification of adjective prefixes in Danish (section 3) including, among others, native and foreign prefixes (e.g. gen- and a-, respectively), genuine prefixes (e.g. ægte-) and particle prefixes (e.g. anti-). Various definitions of prefixal derivatives have been presented in section 4, while section 5 shows examples of and discusses native and foreign negative prefixes modifying the meanings of adjectives in contemporary Danish. The adjectives in question have been analyzed with regards to their structure and the emotional load they convey. Section 6 concludes the paper and includes comments on the productivity of the prefixes in question, as well as synonymy and antonymy in their usage.
The ethical turn in the early writings of Pär Lagerkvist
Authors: Szewczyk-Haake Katarzyna 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In the text presented, I have undertaken an analysis of the early essays of Pär Lagerkvist (dated 1915-1917), both the ones published in periodicals and the unpublished manuscripts in the possession of the Kungliga Biblioteket in Stockholm. In those essays, Lagerkvist paid considerable attention to the matters of the ethics of art and the conflict between the ethical and aesthetical criteria of assessment of the work of art, and those problems are discussed also in Lagerkvist’s letters from that time. The aim of the article is to present this less known area of the artist’s activity and to point to the fact that the consequences of those reflections can be tracked in Lagerkvist’s literary works written in the same time period. Moreover, it can be argued that the understanding of the ethical art and the moral sense of the artistic activity presented in the early texts became an import and lasting feature of Lagerkvist’s writing - and, consequently, it can be claimed that the essays under discussion have a formative effect on Lagerkvist’s later output.
New Zealand perspectives on early childhood education: Nāku te rourou nāu te rourou ka ora ai te iwi
Authors: Tesar Marek 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This special issue focuses on histories, pedagogies, policies, philosophies and alternative perspectives in early childhood education. Te Whāriki is heralded as the first bicultural curriculum not only in New Zealand, but in the world. Its importance is reflected in national and international research and early childhood discourses. Despite this, there is simultaneous critique of neoliberal policy, globalised practices and public and private investment in early childhood education in this region. Some lessons from New Zealand, of curriculum building, policy implementation, philosophies and sociologies of children and childhood are explored by New Zealand scholars, and focus on these broad New Zealand perspectives of ECE, to address the diverse interests of an international audience.
Nineteenth century early childhood institutions in Aotearoa New Zealand: Legacies of enlightenment and colonisation
Authors: May Helen 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The nineteenth century colonial setting of Aotearoa NZ is the most distant from the cradle of European Enlightenment that sparked new understandings of childhood, learning and education and spearheaded new approaches to the care and education of young children outside of the family home. The broader theme of the Enlightenment was about progress and the possibilities of the ongoing improvement of peoples and institutions. The young child was seen as a potent force in this transformation and a raft of childhood institutions, including the 19th century infant school, kindergarten, and crèche were a consequence. The colonisation and settlement of Aotearoa NZ by European settlers coincided with an era in which the potency of new aspirations for new kinds of institutions for young children seeded. It is useful in the 21st century to reframe the various waves of colonial endeavour and highlight the dynamic interfaces of being colonised for the indigenous populations; being a colonial for the settler populations; and the power and should be purposed of the colonising cultures of Europe. It can be argued that in the context of ECE neither the indigenous nor settler populations of Aotearoa NZ were passive recipients of European ECE ideas but, separately and together, forged new understandings of childhood and its institutions; enriched and shaped by the lessons learned in the colonial setting of Aotearoa NZ.
Social, cultural, and ecological justice in the age the Anthropocene: A New Zealand early childhood care and education perspective
Authors: Ritchie Jenny 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Educators have an ethical responsibility to uphold the wellbeing of the children, families and communities that they serve. This commitment becomes even more pressing as we move into the era of the Anthropocene, where human induced climate changes are disrupting the planet’s systems, threatening the survival of not only humans, but of eco-systems and the earth’s biodiversity. This paper draws upon examples from Aotearoa (New Zealand) to demonstrate ways in which a critical pedagogy of place informed by local traditional knowledges can inform early childhood education whilst also enhancing dispositions of empathy towards self and others, including more-than-human others.
Pedagogies of difference: Unknowing immigrant teachers as subjects forever in process
Authors: Arndt Sonja 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Immersed in the bicultural, increasingly globalized, yet uniquely local, Aotearoa New Zealand early childhood landscape, immigrant teacher subjects are shaped in complicated, entangled ways. This paper attempts to open fresh spaces for re-thinking knowable teacher identities by drawing on Julia Kristeva’s work on the foreigner and the subject-in-process. It explores the immigrant teacher subject as “infinitely in construction, de-constructible, open and evolving” (Kristeva, 2008, p. 2). In a sector that is grappling with the complexities of outcomes driven expectations of productivity, mass participation and often homogenized indicators of ‘quality’, this paper elevates insights into the subject formation of the Other, to expose cracks in this veneer, through the notions of the semiotic and revolt. In this critical philosophical examination, I reconceptualise the idea of knowing immigrant teacher subjects, and their confrontation and (re)negotiation of social, political and professional expectations and unknowable foreignness.
Making art matter-ings: Engaging (with) art in early childhood education, in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Craw Janita 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This article examines the special nature of Te Whāriki, Aotearoa New Zealand’s early childhood national curriculum, as a dynamic social, cultural document through an exploration of two art-inspired imaginary case studies. Thinking with Te Whāriki retains the potential to ignite thinking post-developmentally about art, pedagogy and practice in teacher education, and in the field. It offers examples of how creating spaces for engaging (with) art as pedagogy acts as a catalyst for change, art offers a dynamic way of knowing, and being-with the different life-worlds we inhabit. While new paradigms for thinking and practicing art in education continue to push the boundaries of developmentally and individually responsive child-centred pedagogies, an emphasis on multiple literacies often gets in the way. This prohibits opportunities for engaging in other more complex approaches to pedagogy and art as subject-content knowledge, something essential for developing a rich curriculum framework. The article draws on research that emphasises the importance of teacher education in opening up spaces for thinking about (the history of) art in/and of education as more than a communication/language tool. It considers an inclusive and broad knowledge-building-communities approach that values the contribution that art, artists, and others offer the 21st early learning environments we find ourselves in.