bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of molecular subtypes on metastatic breast cancer patients: a SEER population-based study
Authors: Gong Yue , Liu Yi-Rong , Ji Peng , Hu Xin , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo investigate the significance and impact of molecular subtyping stratification on metastatic breast cancer patients, we identified 159,344 female breast cancer patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database with known hormone receptor (HoR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. 4.8% of patients were identified as having stage IV disease, and were more likely to be HER2+/HoR−, HER2+/HoR+, or HER2−/HoR−. Stage IV breast cancer patients with a HER2+/HoR+ status exhibited the highest median overall survival (OS) (44.0 months) and those with a HER2−/HoR− status exhibited the lowest median OS (13.0 months). Patients with a HER2−/HoR+ status had more bone metastasis, whereas patients with a HER2+/HoR− status had an increased incidence of liver metastasis. Brain and lung metastasis were more likely to occur in women with a HER2−/HoR− status. The multivariable analysis revealed a significant interaction between single metastasis and molecular subtype. No matter which molecular subtype, women who did not undergo primary tumour surgery had worse survival than those who experienced primary tumour surgery. Collectively, our findings advanced the understanding that molecular subtype might lead to more tailored and effective therapies in metastatic breast cancer patients.
Lipoprotein(a) as a Risk Factor for Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Literature
Authors: Gessi Vera , Marcucci Rossella , Gianni Monica , Grandi Anna , Franchini Massimo , Dentali Francesco 
Published: March 2017

AbstractElevated plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) are associated with increased cardiovascular risk in several clinical studies. However, there is a lack of data supporting a positive association between elevated Lp(a) levels and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Thus, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to better clarify its role as a risk factor for VTE. Medline and the Embase (up to May 2015) electronic databases were used to identify potentially eligible studies. Studies measuring Lp(a) values in adult patients with deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism and in a population of patients without a VTE were selected. Studies on patients with major venous thromboembolic events occurring at other unusual site, case reports, and case series were excluded. The odds ratios (ORs) of the association between high values of Lp(a) and VTE and the weighted mean difference (WMD) in Lp(a) levels in cases and in controls were calculated using a random-effect model. Results were presented with 95% confidence interval (CI). Fourteen studies for a total of more than 14,000 patients were finally included in our analysis. Lp(a) was slightly but significantly associated with an increased risk of VTE (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.79; 10 studies, 13,541 patients). VTE patients had significantly higher Lp(a) values compared with controls (WMD: 14.46 mg/L, 95% CI: 12.14, 16.78; 4 studies, 470 patients). Lp(a) appeared to be significantly associated with increased risk of VTE. However, Lp(a) levels were only slightly increased in VTE patients compared with controls.
Factor XII Contact Activation
Authors: Naudin Clément , Burillo Elena , Blankenberg Stefan , Butler Lynn , Renné Thomas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractContact activation is the surface-induced conversion of factor XII (FXII) zymogen to the serine protease FXIIa. Blood-circulating FXII binds to negatively charged surfaces and this contact to surfaces triggers a conformational change in the zymogen inducing autoactivation. Several surfaces that have the capacity for initiating FXII contact activation have been identified, including misfolded protein aggregates, collagen, nucleic acids, and platelet and microbial polyphosphate. Activated FXII initiates the proinflammatory kallikrein-kinin system and the intrinsic coagulation pathway, leading to formation of bradykinin and thrombin, respectively. FXII contact activation is well characterized in vitro and provides the mechanistic basis for the diagnostic clotting assay, activated partial thromboplastin time. However, only in the past decade has the critical role of FXII contact activation in pathological thrombosis been appreciated. While defective FXII contact activation provides thromboprotection, excess activation underlies the swelling disorder hereditary angioedema type III. This review provides an overview of the molecular basis of FXII contact activation and FXII contact activation–associated disease states.
Point-of-Care Testing in Neurosurgery
Authors: Wessels Lars , Unterberg Andreas , Beynon Christopher 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCoagulation disorders can have a major impact on the outcome of neurosurgical patients. The central nervous system is located within the closed space of the skull, and therefore, intracranial hemorrhage can lead to intracranial hypertension. Acute brain injury has been associated with alterations of various hemostatic parameters. Point-of-care (POC) techniques such as rotational thromboelastometry are able to identify markers of coagulopathy which are not reflected by standard assessment of hemostasis (e.g., hyperfibrinolysis). In patients with acute brain injury, POC test results have been associated with important outcome parameters such as mortality and need for neurosurgical intervention. POC devices have also been used to rapidly identify and quantify the effects of antithrombotic medication. In cases of life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage, this information can be valuable when deciding over administration of prohemostatic substances or immediate neurosurgical intervention. In elective neurosurgical procedures, POC devices can provide important information when unexpected bleeding occurs or in cases of prolonged operative time with subsequent blood loss. Initial experiences with POC devices in neurosurgical care have shown promising results but further studies are needed to characterize their full potential and limitations.
Early Nephrectomy in Unilateral Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney in Children Cures Hypertension Early: An Observation
Authors: Upadhyaya Vijai , Gupta Manish , Bharti Laxmi , Rao Ram , Kumar Sheo , Kumar Basant 
Published: March 2017

Objective Surgery is still indicated as the treatment of choice in subset of patients with unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (UMCDK) because of its potential complications and malignant change. The purpose of this study is to present our observation that early nephrectomy may cure hypertension early in children with UMCDK and review the literature.
Materials and Methods We report here four children (two males and two females) with antenatally diagnosed UMCDK with hypertension, treated in the past 4 years. All have antenatal diagnosis of UMCDK and referred to us after their birth. Diagnosis of hypertension (blood pressure > 95th percentile) was made after 3 months of follow-up in all patients. Nephrectomy was performed in all children in variable time duration. Hypertension, urinary tract infection, and desire of parents were the main indication of surgery.
Results All children showed decrease in the size of their dysplastic kidney with time, but hypertension was persistent and needed antihypertensive drugs; even increase in the doses in successive follow-up. After nephrectomy, three children who were operated early got cured having normal blood pressure within variable time duration, while a child, operated late, still had high blood pressure and needed antihypertensive drugs.
Conclusion Early nephrectomy in recently diagnosed hypertension in UMCDK is advisable and can cure hypertension early.
Levels of Evidence The level of evidence is IV (case series with no comparison group).
Nonischemic Priapism in Childhood: A Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Schwoebel Marcus , Szavay Philipp , Hacker Hans-Walter 
Published: March 2017

Introduction Nonischemic priapism (NIP) in childhood is a very rare affection. In the literature, patients with NIP are described mainly incidental after perineal trauma. Many of them underwent embolization of either internal pudendal artery or bulbocavernosal arteries.
Patients and Methods We report on six boys between 4 and 13 years of age with NIP, treated at our institution between 2008 and 2014. Color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) was performed in all patients as emergency diagnostic evaluation. Patients were treated conservatively, including bed rest, local cooling, and perineal compression. History, etiological factors, clinical findings, diagnostics, and follow-up are presented.
Results Out of the six patients, only one boy had a history of perineal injury with subsequent arteriocavernosal fistula, revealed in CDU. Five patients were circumcised, and one of them suffered from thalassemia minor, but no other underlying disease or etiological factors could be found. In all patients, normal to high blood flow velocities were detected in the cavernosal arteries. Detumescence started with nonoperative treatment within 24 hours in five boys and in one patient with recurrent priapism after 1 week. All six patients remained painless without evidence for an ischemic priapism. None of them suffered from relapse and further erections were observed during follow-up from 3 to 87 months.
Conclusion In contrast to the literature, five out of six boys developed NIP without a previous perineal trauma. The etiology of idiopathic NIP in childhood remains unclear; however, circumcision may play a role as a conditional factor. One etiological thesis could be the release of the neurotransmitter nitric oxide after stimulation of the corpora cavernosa. Conservative treatment proved to be successful in all six patients. During a median follow-up of 55 months (3–87 months), none of the patients showed signs of erectile dysfunction.
Ökonomische Anreize belegärztlicher im Vergleich zu alternativen Versorgungsformen aus den Perspektiven von Krankenhaus und Vertragsarzt/Belegarzt sowie aus gesundheitssystemischer Sicht
Authors: Hahn Ursula , Mussinghoff Peter 
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Die ökonomischen Anreize werden als wichtige Einflussgröße für die rückläufige Entwicklung des Belegarztwesens diskutiert. Um diese These zu überprüfen, werden die Erlöse für belegärztliche Versorgung und alternative Versorgungsformen aus Sicht der Akteure Krankenhaus und Vertragsarzt/Belegarzt und aus gesundheitssystemischer Perspektive vergleichend nebeneinander gestellt und die potenziellen Effekte diskutiert.
Methodik Ein neu vorgestelltes Matchingverfahren nutzt den Operations- und Prozedurenschlüssel (OPS) als Intermediär, um Vergleichbarkeit zwischen den Vergütungssystemen Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRG) und Einheitlicher Bewertungsmaßstab (EBM) herzustellen. Die 10 häufigsten matchbaren belegärztlichen DRG werden identifiziert und die Erlöse der Akteure für die alternativen Versorgungsformen bei gleichem OPS gegenübergestellt. Die Krankenhausleistungen werden bei stationärer Versorgung in der Hauptabteilung nach Hauptabteilungs-DRG und in der Belegabteilung nach Belegabteilungs-DRG, ambulante Operationen werden nach Kapitel 31 EBM vergütet. Das Honorar des Vertragsarztes/Belegarztes bemisst sich bei stationärer belegärztlicher Versorgung nach Kapitel 36 EBM und bei ambulanter Versorgung nach Kapitel 31 EBM. Die Gesamtkosten bei belegärztlicher Versorgung entsprechen der Summe aus Belegabteilungs-DRG und dem Honorar nach Kapitel 36 EBM.
Ergebnis Die Erlös-Mediane für die verschiedenen Versorgungsformen und Akteure zeigten folgende Trends: Für das Krankenhaus war die Hauptabteilungs-DRG deutlich attraktiver (im Median € 2320) als Belegabteilungs-DRGs (im Median € 1567). Die Mindereinnahme des Krankenhauses bei ambulanter Versorgung im Vergleich zu der in der Hauptabteilung betrug im Median 81 %. Für den Vertragsarzt/Belegarzt ging eine ambulante Durchführung (im Median € 447) mit einem deutlich höheren Honorar (inkl. Sachkosten) einher als eine belegärztliche (im Median € 270). Unter einem systemischen Kostenblickwinkel ist die ambulante Versorgung am attraktivsten; im Vergleich der alternativen stationären Formen schneidet die belegärztliche Versorgung deutlich günstiger ab als die in einer Hauptabteilung, sie ist rund 23 % günstiger.
Schlussfolgerung Unter Erlösgesichtspunkten sind für beide Akteure Krankenhaus und Vertragsarzt/Belegarzt jeweils andere als die belegärztliche Versorgung attraktiver, die These rückläufiger belegärztlicher Versorgungsrelevanz aufgrund ökonomischer Anreize erweist sich als plausibel. Unter gesundheitsökonomischer Kostenperspektive ist hingegen der belegärztlichen Versorgung im Vergleich zu der in der Hauptabteilung der Vorzug zu geben. Anreize für eine Verlagerung von stationär nach ambulant gehen im Wesentlichen von den für Vertragsärzte/Belegärzte maßgeblichen Vergütungseckdaten aus.
Die Rolle der Laserresektion in der Lungenmetastasenchirurgie
Authors: Macherey S. , Doerr F. , Wahlers T. , Hekmat K. 
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Diese Übersichtsarbeit stellt die Laserenukleation im Zuge der Lungenmetastasenchirurgie dar und fasst die aktuelle Evidenz zusammen. Darüber hinaus wird die Laserchirurgie weiteren Resektionsverfahren gegenübergestellt.
Methodik Wir führten eine systematische Literaturrecherche zur Detektion von Fallserien und randomisierten Studien in der Medline und der Cochrane Library durch. Die eingeschlossenen Studien wurden einer qualitativen Analyse unterzogen.
Ergebnisse Die Laser-Metastasektomie ist ein sicheres Verfahren. Im Vergleich von Laserenukleation zu anderen Resektionstechniken ist die Datenlage hinsichtlich klinisch relevanter Endpunkte wie Hospitalisierungszeit, Einlagezeit der Thoraxdrainage und Langzeitüberleben heterogen und kontrovers. Die Laser-Metastasektomie führt sicher zu einer signifikanten Reduktion des Resektionsvolumens. Die Überlebensraten nach Laserresektion sind mit alternativen Resektionsmethoden vergleichbar.
Schlussfolgerung Als parenchymsparende Methode ermöglicht die Laserenukleation selbst bei multiplen Lungenmetastasen oder Patienten mit präoperativ eingeschränkter Lungenkapazität eine onkologisch radikale Resektion.
Characterisation of electric current-treated austenite using misorientation angle distributions in martensite
Authors: Omoigiade Osamudiamen , Haldar Arunansu , Qin Rongshan 
Published: March 2017

The angle misorientation distribution of martensite formed from electric current treated and non-treated austenite samples are studied using electron backscatter diffraction. The electric currents are pulsed with a loading width of 80 μs, at a frequency of 100 Hz and current density of 4.21 A/mm2 supplied by a DC Voltage. The majority of angle misorientations are < 5° and exist within the martensite grains, while only a minority of all misorientations are derived from the prior austenite grain boundary and were found to lie in the range 20–50°. Distinct textures develop in both electric current treated and non-treated samples with increased quenching temperature. Analysis of the prior austenite shows reduced grains in the electric current treated samples at all quenching temperatures considered. This paper is part of a themed issue on Materials in External Fields.
Test of a Nonphysical Barrier Consisting of Light, Sound, and Bubble Screen to Block Upstream Movement of Sea Lampreys in an Experimental Raceway
Authors: Miehls Scott M. , Johnson Nicholas S. , Hrodey Pete J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Control of the invasive Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus is critical for management of commercial and recreational fisheries in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Use of physical barriers to block Sea Lampreys from spawning habitat is a major component of the control program. However, the resulting interruption of natural streamflow and blockage of nontarget species present substantial challenges. Development of an effective nonphysical barrier would aid the control of Sea Lampreys by eliminating their access to spawning locations while maintaining natural streamflow. We tested the effect of a nonphysical barrier consisting of strobe lights, low-frequency sound, and a bubble screen on the movement of Sea Lampreys in an experimental raceway designed as a two-choice maze with a single main channel fed by two identical inflow channels (one control and one blocked). Sea Lampreys were more likely to move upstream during trials when the strobe light and low-frequency sound were active compared with control trials and trials using the bubble screen alone. For those Sea Lampreys that did move upstream to the confluence of inflow channels, no combination of stimuli or any individual stimulus significantly influenced the likelihood that Sea Lampreys would enter the blocked inflow channel, enter the control channel, or return downstream.
Received October 4, 2016; accepted March 15, 2017 Published online May 4, 2017
Differences in Stocking Success among Geographically Distinct Stocks of Juvenile Muskellunge in Illinois Lakes
Authors: Diana Matthew J. , Wagner Curtis P. , Wahl David H. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Muskellunge Esox masquinongy are broadly distributed across the northern United States and southern Canada. Intraspecific genetic variation suggests the existence of divergent stocks related to residence in major river drainages. Populations and stocks have likely adapted to specific environmental conditions associated with geographic location, especially latitude and the associated thermal regime. In this study, we examined differences in survival and growth among stocks of juvenile Muskellunge stocked into lakes throughout Illinois. Muskellunge from the Ohio River drainage stock, the upper Mississippi River drainage stock, and the current mixed Illinois broodstock were used for comparisons. Stocking mortality was related to temperature and was greatest for Illinois and Ohio River drainage fish that were stocked during the early fall. Mississippi River drainage fish experienced high mortality over the first summer after stocking, resulting in the lowest abundance during the second fall poststocking. In addition to low catch rates, Muskellunge from the Mississippi River drainage were significantly smaller than fish from the Illinois and Ohio River drainage stocks by the second fall. Populations from similar latitudes and climate (Illinois and Ohio) performed the best in terms of survival and growth and should be utilized in future stockings.
Received October 7, 2016; accepted March 15, 2017 Published online May 4, 2017
Urea enhances cell lysis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe ura4 mutants
Authors: Nishino Kohei , Kushima Misaki , Kaino Tomohiro , Matsuo Yasuhiro , Kawamukai Makoto 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Cell lysis is induced in Schizosaccharomyces pombe ∆ura4 cells grown in YPD medium, which contains yeast extract, polypeptone, and glucose. To identify the medium components that induce cell lysis, we first tested various kinds of yeast extracts from different suppliers. Cell lysis of ∆ura4 cells on YE medium was observed when yeast extracts from OXOID, BD, Oriental, and Difco were used, but not when using yeast extract from Kyokuto. To determine which compounds induced cell lysis, we subjected yeast extract and polypeptone to GC-MS analysis. Ten kinds of compounds were detected in OXOID and BD yeast extracts, but not in Kyokuto yeast extract. Among them was urea, which was also present in polypeptone, and it clearly induced cell lysis. Deletion of the ure2 gene, which is responsible for utilizing urea, abolished the lytic effect of urea. The effect of urea was suppressed by deletion of pub1, and a similar phenotype was observed in the presence of polypeptone. Thus, urea is an inducer of cell lysis in S. pombe ∆ura4 cells.
Dynamic states of swimming bacteria in a nematic liquid crystal cell with homeotropic alignment
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Tovkach Oleh , Golovaty Dmitry , Sokolov Andrey , Aranson Igor S , Lavrentovich Oleg D 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Flagellated bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis exhibit effective mechanisms for swimming in fluids and exploring the surrounding environment. In isotropic fluids such as water, the bacteria change swimming direction through the run-and-tumble process. Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) have been introduced recently as an anisotropic environment in which the direction of preferred orientation, the director, guides the bacterial trajectories. In this work, we describe the behavior of bacteria B. subtilis in a homeotropic LCLC geometry, in which the director is perpendicular to the bounding plates of a shallow cell. We demonstrate that the bacteria are capable of overcoming the stabilizing elastic forces of the LCLC and swim perpendicularly to the imposed director (and parallel to the bounding plates). The effect is explained by a finite surface anchoring of the director at the bacterial body; the role of surface anchoring is analyzed by numerical simulations of a rod realigning in an otherwise uniform director field. Shear flows produced by a swimming bacterium cause director distortions around its body, as evidenced both by experiments and numerical simulations. These distortions contribute to a repulsive force that keeps the swimming bacterium at a distance of a few micrometers away from the bounding plates. The homeotropic alignment of the director imposes two different scenarios of bacterial tumbling: one with an 180° reversal of the horizontal velocity and the other with the realignment of the bacterium by two consecutive 90° turns. In the second case, the angle between the bacterial body and the imposed director changes from 90° to 0° and then back to 90°; the new direction of swimming does not correlate with the previous swimming direction.
The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Lim Timothy H. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Very Short introduction discusses the cultural significance of the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the religious, political, and legal controversies during the seventy years of study since they were found. It looks at the contribution the scrolls have made to our understanding of the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible, and the origins of early Christianity. Exploring the most recent scholarly discussions on the archaeology of Khirbet Qumran, and the study of the biblical texts, the canon, and the history of the Second Temple Period, it considers what the scrolls reveal about the communities closely associated with the scrolls and sectarianism in early Judaism.