bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Skin's Capacitance after Damage to the Stratum Corneum in Humans
Authors: Palenske Jerel , Morhenn Vera B. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Wound healing is a complex process to study, especially in humans, because the endpoint(s) of wound-induction and healing are subjective and, therefore, difficult to quantitate. Experiments were performed to establish quantifiable endpoints during the wound-induction process in 15 humans (11 women, 4 men). Objective: Measurement of the skin's capacitance was used as a marker for the three stages of wound healing: 1) establishment of a wound, 2) the healing process, and 3) complete re-epithelialization. Methods: Superficial wounds in the epidermis were generated by tape stripping the skin on the arm of 15 healthy volunteers. The skin's capacitance was measured before tape stripping, at various time points during the induction of the wound, immediately after glistening of the epidermis was achieved, and when the wound had healed according to clinical assessment. Results: The values of the skin's capacitance at the point of removal of the stratum corneum varied from one individual to the next. Furthermore, the number of adhesive cellophane-tape strips needed to remove the stratum corneum and achieve glistening, due to accumulation of moisture, differed greatly from one volunteer to the next. These experiments suggest that the number of tape strips needed to remove the stratum corneum varies with age, sex, and possibly ethnicity of the subject. By contrast, during the wound healing process when a scab could be visualized, the skin's capacitance measured −122 picofarads (pF). Moreover, when the scab had disappeared, the skin's capacitance returned to baseline values (0 pF). Conclusion: Measurement of the skin's capacitance is a useful tool to determine two endpoints in the wounding and healing processes. The presence of a scab and the re-establishment of an intact stratum corneum can be quantitated easily. Less amenable to quantitation is the exact pF value that correlates to a specific type of wound.
Crusted Scabies in Association with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus 1
Authors: Bergman James N. , Dodd W. Alan H. , Trotter Martin J. , Oger Joel J.F. , Dutz Jan P. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) infection can lead to myelopathy/tropical spastic paresis and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Infection with HTLV-1 has also been associated with clinically significant immunosuppression. Crusted scabies, also known as Norwegian scabies, is an uncommon presentation of scabies that may occur in conjunction with immunosuppression. Although crusted scabies has been reported in association with HTLV-1 infection, to our knowledge it has never been described in association with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy. Objective: The aim is to describe a case of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy and concomitant crusted scabies. Methods: This article includes a case report and a literature review. Conclusions: Crusted scabies is reported in association with HTLV-1 infection with or without concomitant ATLL. Crusted scabies should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a generalized cutaneous eruption in an HTLV-1 positive patient. Patients with crusted scabies from an HTLV-1 endemic population should be tested for a possible HTLV-1 infection. These patients may be at increased risk of progressing to ATLL.
Pseudoporphyria Induced by Propionic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Al-Khenaizan Sultan , Schechter Jay F. , Sasseville Denis 
Published: July 2017

Background: Pseudoporphyria is a photosensitive bullous skin disease that is distinguished from porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) by its normal porphyrin profile. Drugs are a major cause of this disease, and the list of culprits is continually expanding. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIDs), especially naproxen and other propionic acid derivatives, appear to be the most common offenders. Objective: The study was carried out to increase awareness about the etiology and characteristic features of pseudoporphyria. Methods: We report two cases of pseudoporphyria caused by naproxen and oxaprozin. We review the current English language literature on this entity and discuss its clinical features, histology, ultrastructure, etiology, and pathophysiology. Results: A 44-year-old man taking naproxen for chronic low back pain and a 20-year-old woman on oxaprozin for rheumatoid arthritis presented with tense bullae and cutaneous fragility on the face and the back of the hands. In both, skin biopsy showed a cell-poor subepidermal vesicle with festooning of the dermal papillae. Direct immunofluorescence revealed staining at the dermal-epidermal junction and around blood vessels with IgG in the first case and with IgG, IgA, and fibrin in the second case. Urine collections and serum samples yielded normal levels of uro-and coproporphyrins. Conclusions: Most cases of pseudoporphyria are drug-induced. Naproxen, the most common offender, has been associated with a dimorphic clinical pattern: a PCT-like presentation and one simulating erythropoietic protoporphyria in the pediatric population. Other NSAIDs of the propionic acid family can also cause pseudoporphyria.
Needs Survey of Canadian Rosacea Patients
Authors: Shear Neil H. , Levine Carol 
Published: July 2017

Background: In 1995, a Rosacea Awareness Program (RAP) was initiated in Canada to make available educational resources for physicians and rosacea patients. Material is in French or English, and is accessible though physician offices and by toll-free telephone. Information was communicated to the public via noncommercial, editorial media. The RAP created a database of rosacea patients in Canada. Objective: We investigated if individuals in the database had a confirmed diagnosis of rosacea, how they perceived their treatment by the medical system, and identified their needs. Methods: A two-page questionnaire was mailed to 7874 individuals registered with the RAP. Thirty percent of these individuals responded. Where comparisons were made a chi-squared statistic was used. Results: Over 70% learned of the RAP via public media. It took patients an average of 5 years to have a diagnosis made after the first symptoms appeared. In the majority of patients (53%) the diagnosis was ultimately made by a specialist. Fifty-eight individuals said they had not discussed their condition with their doctor. Patients were likely to continue on medication that was prescribed (60%) and topical metronidazole was the most common medication used, mostly the gel formulation. Most patients used these twice daily. Patients were very satisfied with treatments and almost 90% had reduced symptoms. Despite receiving explanations and written material, patients expressed a strong interest in more information being available on skin care, make-up, and psychological aspects of rosacea. Conclusions: The RAP provides a needed educational service and is a useful database. Patients are very knowledgeable about their disease, but despite this and excellent therapeutic responses, the patients demand more information.
Monetary and Nonmonetary Costs to Patients Attending an Ambulatory Dermatology Clinic
Authors: Vignjevic Peter M. , Hux Janet E. , Fisher Benjamin K. , Szalai John Paul 
Published: July 2017

Background: Despite universal coverage under a provincial health plan, the residents of Ontario, Canada, still bear some costs for outpatient care, particularly for prescription drugs. Objective: To determine the financial and nonmonetary costs borne by patients presenting at a dermatology clinic in an academic centre, and to assess the extent to which these costs were problematic. Methods: Consecutive new patients in a 6-week period completed a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Eighty-six of 140 questionnaires (61%) were returned for analysis. The mean total cost to patients was C$28.92 (range $0 to $177.00). Medications were the largest expense (mean $35.66 for those receiving medication). Despite relatively prompt referrals (mean 12.4 days) and short in-office waiting time (mean 26.5 minutes), there was a trend for subjects to rate time costs as more problematic than monetary costs. Conclusion: Patients attending a dermatology clinic bear variable monetary and nonmonetary costs. For some patients these costs may have the potential to impair access to care.
The “Sins” of the Fathers: Self-Healing Squamous Epithelioma in Scotland
Authors: Bale Sherri J. 
Published: July 2017

Background: A review is presented of the recent progress made in mapping of the hereditary skin disease “Ferguson-Smith multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma.” Methods: The use of founder effects in an autosomal dominant disease is reviewed as applied to gene mapping efforts. Results: A common haplotype among Scottish families segregating Ferguson-Smith disease allowed the narrowing of the candidate gene interval and the identification of several possible disease-associated genes. Conclusion: The gene for Ferguson-Smith multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma lies in a narrow region on chromosome 9q, along with several other important hereditary skin disease loci.
Mycobacterium Marinum with Associated Bursitis
Authors: Saadatmand Babak , Poulton James Kevin , Kauffman Catharine Lisa 
Published: July 2017

Background: Mycobacterium marinum infections have been reported for over 50 years, mostly in association with trauma in the setting of water exposure. Objective: The differential diagnosis for nodules in a sporotrichoid distribution with simultaneous bursitis is discussed. Mycobacterium marinum treatment regimens for skin and joint involvement are reviewed. Methods: Mycobacterium marinum was identified by skin tissue culture with Lowenstein-Jensen medium at 32°C. Histopathologic findings support mycobacterial infection. Results: Bursitis and nodules resolved in the first 2 months of a 6-month course of minocycline treatment. Conclusion: Bursitis is an extremely rare but significant complication of M. marinum.
The Australian Children's Television Foundation
Authors: Edgar Patricia 
Published: July 2017

At a meeting of the Australian Education Council in Hobart on February 19, 1981, the Ministers for Education representing the Federal and State Governments, resolved to support the establishment of an Australian Children's Television Foundation. The Foundation's major function is envisaged as encouraging the development, production and transmission of children's television programs of quality. This organization would not duplicate existing facilities, but work through existing production houses and producers, supplying finance for worthwhile projects that are brought to it as well as commissioning the making of projects it has initiated. Following consultation with State and Government Ministers, a Steering Committee has been established with a view to the creation of the Foundation.
Advertising — System and Texts
Authors: Dyer Gillian 
Published: July 2017

An overview of the main lines of criticism directed at advertising as an instruction and as a major producer of social messages and values. Critiques of advertising examined include the liberal rationalist, (neo) marxist, structuralist and cultural. The representation of women in advertisements is examined. The central dilemma of radical critiques is found to be the difficulty in substantiating the mostly harmful consequences and social and behavioural effects of advertising.
Hospital treatment of Addicts Arrested for Intoxication in Finland
Authors: Niemi Timo 
Published: July 2017

Hospital treatment of addicts arrested for intoxication in Finland. Niemi, T. (Dept. of Public Health Sciences, Univ. of Helsinki, Finland). In the present study the treatment of addicts as performed by the Finnish police was investigated. The intention was to evaluate how the treatment procedure functioned in meeting the need for medical care and safety of the addict. The series was collected from the police district of Helsinki, the Finnish capital, and comprised all addicts arrested and transported to hospital during 1969. The series totalled 859 cases, which is about 2% of all addicts arrested in Helsinki during 1969. The reasons for transportation to hospital were: external injuries (60%) and the addict's complaints of an injury or illness (17%). Of all subjects, 44 were admitted to a hospital ward and of these, 2 died later on the ward. Furthermore, 7 addicts had died at the police station, on the way to hospital, or at the out-patients' department. Thus the number of deaths totalled 9. On investigating the cases of death in detail it was found that omission of or delay in the transport to hospital may have been of decisive influence on the addict's death in 4 cases. It was estimated that, had the police not transported any of the addicts to hospital, the number of deaths would have been about 20. When the cost of hospital treatment and transport to hospital is used as an evaluation factor the effort of the activity covered by the present study is 98500 Fmk (U.S. 23 200). The output is the number of lives saved, i.e. 11. The efficiency of the activity is thus the saving of one life at the cost of about 9 000 Fmk (about 2 100 U.S.). The social characteristics of the addict were not found to have had a decisive bearing on the question of transportation to hospital. Differences between the various points of activity were observed in the relative numbers of the addicts arrested and transported to hospital.
Smoking and the Subjective Health Condition among Finnish Military Conscripts
Authors: Moilanen Paavo , Hirvonen Leo , Timisjärvi Jouni , Kari-Koskinen Onni 
Published: July 2017

Smoking and the subjective health condition among Finnish military conscripts. Moilanen, P., Hirvonen, L., Timisjärvi, J. and Kari-Koskinen, O. (Department of Public Health and Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland). Information on smoking habits and a subjective self-estimate of general state of health was collected by means of a questionnaire from 400 conscripts in Northern Finland. The data were treated by factor analysis. Long-term fatigue, frequent headache, insomnia and occasional depression were less frequent among non-smokers than among smokers.
Mental Health and Housing
Authors: Kari-Koskinen Onni , Karvonen Pentti 
Published: July 2017

Mental health and housing. Kari-Koskinen, O. and Karvonen, P. (Dept. of Public Health, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland). With the present trend away from the designing of individual buildings and towards the systematic planning of whole residential communities, it should be possible to take mental health requirements into account at the planning stage. At present, sociologists are all too seldom consulted on matters of residential planning. When discussing the relationship between housing and mental health one cannot restrict oneself only to the external aspects of the house, but rather one must also consider the opportunities available for the members of the family to satisfy their own needs, both within the home and in its immediate surroundings. Factors which may affect residential requirements include geographical location, type and standard of dwelling and time and continuity of occupation. A move between two districts or groups representing different housing norms and values may lead to withdrawal symptoms in the individual. This may arise equally well from the remoteness of the country districts as from the conflicting pressures brought on by the abundance of contacts available in the large towns. Town life tends to heighten susceptibility to neuroses and personality conflicts. The character of a residential area may affect the mental health of its occupants. Faris & Dunham (4), in studying the incidence of various types of mental illness with an urban population, observed that schizophrenia was most common among people who were in some way isolated from social involvement. The striving for spaciousness in residential areas and the creation of a “summer city” or “garden city” image or a “family-centred way of life” may lead to unexpected problems and have a variety of social consequences. Mental health difficulties have been noted, for example, among housewives in “dormitory” towns or suburbs (11). The institutions required by a community may be grouped into four categories, representing the basic needs of its members. These are (1) economic institutions, (2) social and political organizations, (3) leisure-time clubs and (4) societies and institutions for promoting social integration, including educational, advisory and assistance bodies. The study of satiation processes offers an interesting approach to the relationship between housing and mental health. Man requires new stimuli to motivate him. Boredom and satiation serve to induce passivity and may provoke destructive behaviour and escapism. Finland has the highest percentage of dwellings constructed in the immediate post-war period of any country in Europe, and in respect of the functions of housing many aspects are still apparent which are detrimental to mental health.
Health Situation and Related Social Conditions among 66-Year-Old Finnish Men
Authors: Heikkinen Eino , Käyhty-Seppänen Birgit , Pohjolainen Pertti 
Published: July 2017

Health situation and related social conditions among 66-year-old Finnish men. Heikkinen, E., Käyhty-Seppänen, B. and Pohjolainen, P. (Dept. of Public Health, University of jyväskylä, Finland). The aims of the study were to reveal the extent of physical activity, nutritional habits, smoking and alcohol consumption and the relation of these to previous occupation among recently retired men. The number of men belonging to various health risk groups was estimated on the basis of the results. About 10% had inadequate nutritional habits as judged from their food expenses and number of daily hot meals and about 20% practised physical exercise in the way which is considered necessary for the improvement of cardiovascular performance and maximal oxygen uptake. Only a small minority had been requested to undertake physical exercise. About 18% lived alone. The problems were more pronounced among the men retired from manual occupations compared with men whose main occupation had been of a sedentary nature. The results indicate that a considerable proportion of elderly men would need more advice and more adequate services in order to improve their daily living habits. Any such measures should preferably be started before retirement as the living habits adopted during the earlier periods of life seem to remain unchanged in old age. The results are based on an interview study carried out among 137 66-year-old men repersenting about 90% of the men of that age group living in Jyväskylä, a town of 60000 inhabitants in Central Finland.
Life Changes and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Faire Ulf de , Theorell Töres 
Published: July 2017

Life changes and myocardial infarction. How useful are life change measurements? de Faire, U. and Theorell, T. (Dept. of Medicine at Serafimerlasarettet, Stockholm, Sweden). Although statistically significant, the relation between certain life changes and imminent myocardial infarction appears to be quantitatively weak. Of particular importance are events connected with employment. However, the summation of life changes has not proved to be of use in the prediction of imminent myocardial infarction. For patients with ischemic heart disease, variations in life change measures have proved to be of use in the prediction of changes in catecholamine output and in prognosis. When genetic factors are held constant, as in monozygotic twin pairs vulnerable to ischemic heart disease, more life changes in one partner may indicate a greater risk of unexpected sudden cardiac death in this partner than in the other twin. The self-rating of the severity of each experienced event has proved more useful than “standard weights” in the retrospective discrimination of myocardial infarction patients. Further clinical and epidemiological studies are needed in this field. For the future, the following recommendations are made: The studies should be prospective. The individual's habitual level and actual level of the change should be recorded. The severity of events should be self-rated. Risk variables, known to be of importance to the development of MI should be recorded. They are for instance smoking habits, blood pressure, serum lipids and genetic predisposition. Psychological variables should be mentioned separately in this connection.
Visits to Small Coastal Communities of Northern Norway by a Doctor and a Health Insurance Officer
Authors: Brevik John Ivar , Indrevoll Nils 
Published: July 2017

Visits to small coastal communities of Northern Norway by a doctor and a health insurance officer. Brevik, I. J. and Indrevoll, N. (Institute for Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway). What can we learn by visiting small remote communities, giving information about health insurance and social allowances, assisting clients in completing application forms, etc? In the present study we met attitudes that made some people bear numet needs instead of craving their legal rights. Our visits improved the communication between the people concerned and the Local Health Insurance Office. The officer realized what impairment might mean for working capacity in such communities, and got in a better position to handle various applications.
Alcohol Problems among Female Gonorrhoea Patients
Authors: Medhus Asbjörn , Hansson Holger 
Published: July 2017

Alcohol problems among female gonorrhoea patients. Medhus, A. and Hansson, H. (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lund and Department of Dermatology, Malmö General Hospital, University of Lund, Sweden). The proband group consists of the 286 women who, in 1960, were treated for gonorrhoea in the Out-patient Clinic for Venereological Diseases in Malmö. During the years 1932 to 1973, they were responsible for 119 convictions for drunkenness, the expected number of convictions being 4, as calculated from an age-and calendar year specific risk table for Swedish women. The difference between numbers observed and those expected increased with age. Of the 82 patients aged 25 years or over in 1960, one in ten had previously been convicted for drunkenness, and one in seven, 13 years later. During the years 1939 to 1973, 12 gonorrhoea patients were subjected to compulsory treatment by the Temperance Boards. Of the patients aged 25 years or over in 1960, one in twenty had earlier been subjected to such treatment, and one in ten, 13 years later. It is concluded that gonorrhoeal infections, particularly in women 25 years and over, can constitute a “symptom” of alcohol problems.
Services to Pensioners and How They Might Be Improved
Authors: Bolin Anders , Lindström Bengt , Sagnér Alf , Svanström Leif 
Published: July 2017

Services to pensioners and how they might be improved. II. A report from Malmö. Bolin, A., Lindström, B., Sagnér, A. and Svanström, L. (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lund, and the Social Board of Malmö, Sweden). As a follow-up to a previous article, the authors present an analysis of the services to pensioners in the 4th Welfare District of Malmö, as shown by their survey in 1972–1973, along with suggestions for improvement in various respects. They point to the importance of acquiring a general view of the individual and his situation. Various functions within the society's welfare program must be essentially improved, field work and adequate information being among the most important. Integration and coordination between the functional units must be operational concepts.