bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter during a phytoplankton bloom. Implication for DOC estimates from CDOM absorption
Authors: Danhiez F. P. , Vantrepotte V. , Cauvin A. , Lebourg E. , Loisel H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCoastal waters of the English Channel and the North Sea are affected by a massive spring phytoplankton bloom event of the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis globosa every year. The impact of this bloom on DOM dynamics in coastal waters of the western English Channel was investigated through a 45 d long mesocosm experiment and field survey (2012–2014). Our results highlight that, over short time scales, marine production of DOM mostly affects CDOM absorption properties in the UV domain. Specifically, it has been evidenced that the acdom spectral slope between 320 nm and 412 nm (S320‐412) can be used as a relevant indicator of the DOM marine origin. The presence of a strong linear relationship between S320‐412 and the DOC specific absorption coefficient in phytoplankton bloom conditions reveals that this optical parameter provides complementary information to those obtained from the spectral slope between 275 nm and 295 nm, S275‐295 which has been recently described as a relevant tracer of the terrestrial DOM and a good descriptor of the specific absorption coefficient of dissolved organic carbon variability in the confining river‐influenced ocean margins. This study has further demonstrated that the joint use of S275‐295 and S320‐412 significantly improves the estimation DOC‐specific absorption coefficient in the presence of varying contribution of marine and terrestrial DOM. While such bands are still not available on ocean color sensors, this methodology represents a valuable tool for estimating DOC concentration from CDOM absorption measurements from in situ data obtained from classical discrete measurements or from autonomous platforms equipped with adapted spectrophotometer.
Trophic interaction among organisms in a seagrass meadow ecosystem as revealed by bulk δ13C and amino acid δ15N analyses
Authors: Choi Bohyung , Ha Sun‐Yong , Lee Jae Seong , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Shin Kyung‐Hoon 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNumerous studies have used stable isotope analysis (SIA) of carbon and nitrogen within the bulk tissues of organisms to determine the trophic structure among organisms in a food web. Recently, SIA has evolved to compound‐specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of nitrogen within amino acids to significantly reduce the uncertainty in the estimated trophic position (TP) of organisms based on the isotopic difference between glutamic acid and phenylalanine within a single organism. However, because the initial offset (β) between glutamic acid and phenylalanine differs between aquatic algae (ca. +3.4‰) and vascular plants (ca. −8.4‰) in food webs that rely on both resources, β should be replaced by a value adapted to the admixture of primary producers for each specimen. In this study, we established a new method involving the β value (βmix) of each consumer specimen determined based on its bulk tissue δ13C value and successfully obtained realistic TPs (TPmix) for organisms in a complex seagrass meadow food web. Remarkable differences between the TPmix and traditional TPalgal values were found in deposit feeders due to the large contribution of seagrass to their basal resources. The estimated TPs of organisms increased by up to 1.5 units (from TPalgal to TPmix), in terms of trophic transfer, when their diets included substantial seagrass‐derived contributions. Thus, combinatorial analysis of the amino acid δ15N and specimen‐specific βmix values provides better understanding of the trophic interactions in food webs, even in complex seagrass meadow ecosystems.
Reconstruction of uptake patterns in PET: The influence of regularizing prior
Authors: De Bernardi Elisabetta , Fallanca Federico , Gianolli Luigi , Gilardi Maria Carla , Bettinardi Valentino 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe effects of regularizing priors on the maximum likelihood (ML) reconstruction of activity patterns in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) were assessed.MethodsTwo edge‐preserving priors (one originally proposed by Nuyts et al. and nowadays implemented and commercialized by General Electric Medical Systems as Q.Clear software, and a second one originally proposed by Rapisarda et al. and our group) were assessed and compared to a standard Ordered Subset (OS)‐ML reconstruction, assumed as reference. The main difference between the two priors is that Nuyts prior (NY‐p) penalizes relative voxel differences while Rapisarda prior (RP‐p) absolute ones. Prior parameters were selected by imposing a reference noise texture inside uniform regions with activity comparable to that measured in 18F‐FluoroDeoxyGlucose (FDG) patient livers overall the field of view. Comparisons were then made: (a) on phantom data in terms of sphere recovery coefficients, ability to correctly reconstruct uniform irregularly shaped objects and heterogeneous patterns in patient backgrounds; (b) on patient data in terms of lesion detectability and image quality.ResultsOn phantoms, both priors succeeded in improving all the assessed features with respect to standard OS‐ML reconstruction, mainly thanks to the better signal convergence and to the noise breakup control. On 10 mm spheres, an average recovery coefficient augment of 9% (NY‐p) and 34% (RP‐p) was obtained; homogeneity of uniform activity objects augmented of 4% (NY‐p) and 11% (RP‐p); accuracy in reconstructing heterogeneous lesions improved on average of 5% (NY‐p) and 15% (RP‐p). On patients, lesion detectability resulted improved (on 27 of 30 lesions), regardless of lesion anatomical districts and position in the scanner field of view. NY‐p provides a spatial resolution and a noise texture more uniform in the field of view and an image quality similar to standard OS‐ML. RP‐p has instead a behavior more dependent on the local counting statistics that imposes a trade‐off between spatial resolution uniformity and noise texture homogeneity.ConclusionsThe assessed regularizing priors improve PET uptake pattern reconstruction accuracy. Therefore, they should be considered both for oncological lesion detection and uptake spatial distribution assessment. Pitfalls and open challenges are also discussed.
Two‐scale topology optimization for composite plates with in‐plane periodicity
Authors: Nishi Shinnosuke , Terada Kenjiro , Kato Junji , Nishiwaki Shinji , Izui Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThis study proposes a two‐scale topology optimization method for a microstructure (an in‐plane unit cell) that maximizes the macroscopic mechanical performance of composite plates. The proposed method is based on the in‐plane homogenization method for a composite plate model in which the macrostructure is modeled using thick plate theory and the microstructures are three‐dimensional solids. Macroscopic plate characteristics such as homogenized plate stiffnesses and generalized thermal strains are evaluated through the application of numerical plate tests applied to an in‐plane unit cell. To handle large rotations of the composite plates, we employ a co‐rotational formulation that facilitates working with the two‐scale plate model formulated within a small strain framework. Two types of objective functions are tested in the presented optimization problems: one minimizes the macroscopic end compliance to maximize the macroscopic plate stiffness, whereas the other maximizes components of a macroscopic nodal displacement vector. Analytical sensitivities are derived based on in‐plane homogenization formulae so that a gradient‐based method can be employed to update the topology of in‐plane unit cells. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed method's capability related to the design of optimal in‐plane unit cells of composite plates. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and memory characteristics of highly organo‐soluble hyperbranched polyimides with various electron acceptors
Authors: Song Ying , Yao Hongyan , Tan Haiwei , Zhu Shiyang , Dong Bo , Guan Shaowei , Liu Huiling 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA series of hyperbranched polyimides (HBPIs) were synthesized by reacting a triamine monomer N,N′,N″‐tris(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐N,N′,N″‐tris(4‐phenylamino)−1,3,5‐benzenetriamine with various dianhydrides such as oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA), 3,3′,4,4′‐diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (DSDA), 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). The hyperbranched polyimide (6FHBPI) using 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) as dianhydride monomer was also added into the discussion. All the hyperbranched polyimides exhibited excellent organo‐solubility and high thermal stability. Memory devices with a sandwiched structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/HBPI/Al were constructed by using these HBPIs as the active layers. All these HBPIs based memory devices exhibited favorable memory performances, with switching voltages between −1.3 V and −2.5 V, ON/OFF current ratios up to 107 and retention times long to 104 s. Tunable memory characteristics from electrical insulator to volatile memory, and then to nonvolatile memory were obtained by adjusting the electron acceptors of these HBPIs. Molecular simulation results suggested that the electron affinity and the dipole moment of these HBPIs were responsible for the conversion of the memory characteristics. With the electron affinity and dipole moment of these HBPIs increasing, the memory characteristics turned from volatile to nonvolatile. The present study suggested that tunable memory performance could be achieved through adjusting the acceptor moieties of the hyperbranched polyimides. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2281–2288
The use of polymers in Li‐S batteries: A review
Authors: Dirlam Philip T. , Glass Richard S. , Char Kookheon , Pyun Jeffrey 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTRecent developments in the use of polymeric materials as device components in lithium sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are reviewed. Li‐S batteries have generated tremendous interest as a next generation battery exhibiting charge capacities and energy densities that greatly exceed Li‐ion battery technologies. In this Highlight, the first comprehensive review focusing on the use of polymeric materials throughout these devices is provided. The key role polymers play in Li‐S technology is presented and organized in terms of the basic components that comprise a Li‐S battery: the cathode, separator, electrolyte, and anode. After a straightforward introduction to the construction of a conventional Li‐S device and the mechanisms at work during cell operation, the use of polymers as binders, protective coatings, separators, electrolytes, and electroactive materials in Li‐S batteries will be reviewed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1635–1668
The construction of help during radiotherapy: Redefining informal care
Authors: Appleton Lynda , Perkins Elizabeth 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study will explore how help is constructed during and following radiotherapy for patients with cancer.MethodsGrounded theory methods were used in the study to explore the way in which family members and friends constructed a role for themselves in relation to patients receiving radiotherapy. A total of 22 helpers were interviewed. Patients were being treated for a range of cancers including breast, prostate, colorectal, and head and neck.ResultsRespondents in this study consistently defined themselves as “helpers” rather than “carers.” While radiotherapy as a treatment modality was mostly seen as noninvasive, the cancer diagnosis cast a long shadow over the lives of helpers and patients creating a separation in longstanding relationships. Helpers experienced this separation as “otherness.” Help became an important vehicle for bridging this separation. Individuals developed different ways of knowing about the patient as the basis for providing help. Two different types of help were identified in this study: the behind the scenes, largely invisible work that helpers undertook to help the patient without their knowledge and the explicit visible help that was much more commonly negotiated and discussed between helpers and patients.ConclusionsThe study provides the basis for a greater understanding on the part of professionals into the impact of diagnosis and radiotherapy treatment on family and friends. In doing so, the study identifies opportunities for the experience of helpers to be recognised and supported by professionals.
Effectiveness of Structured Teacher Adaptations to an Evidence‐Based Summer Literacy Program
Authors: Kim James S. , Burkhauser Mary A. , Quinn David M. , Guryan Jonathan , Kingston Helen Chen , Aleman Kirsten 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe authors conducted a cluster‐randomized trial to examine the effectiveness of structured teacher adaptations to the implementation of an evidence‐based summer literacy program that provided students with (a) books matched to their reading level and interests and (b) teacher scaffolding for summer reading in the form of end‐of‐year comprehension lessons and materials sent to students’ homes in the summer months. In this study, 27 high‐poverty elementary schools (75–100% eligibility for free or reduced‐price lunch) were matched by prior reading achievement and poverty level and randomly assigned to one of two implementation conditions: a core treatment condition that directly replicated implementation procedures used in previous experiments, or a core treatment with structured teacher adaptations condition. In the adaptations condition, teachers were organized into grade‐level teams around a practical improvement goal and given structured opportunities to use their knowledge, experience, and local data to extend or modify program components for their students and local contexts. Students in the adaptations condition performed 0.12 standard deviation higher on a reading comprehension posttest than students in the core treatment. An implementation analysis suggests that fidelity to core program components was high in both conditions and that teachers in the adaptations condition primarily made changes that extended or modified program procedures and activities in acceptable ways. Adaptations primarily served to increase the level of family engagement and student engagement with summer books. These results suggest that structured teacher adaptations may enhance rather than diminish the effectiveness of an evidence‐based summer literacy program.
Moose survey app for population monitoring
Authors: Boyce Mark S. , Corrigan Rob 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTWe developed a smart phone app for hunters to report the number of moose (Alces alces) observed while hunting in Alberta, Canada, during 2012–2014. Excessive costs of aerial surveys often result in infrequent estimates of moose abundance, whereas hunter observations can be obtained for minimal expense. Correlations of the number of moose observed by hunters with hunter success, moose harvests, and aerial survey estimates of abundance suggest that the method offers promise as an alternative to aerial ungulate surveys. Engaging hunters with the Moose Survey app has potential to increase the spatial extent and temporal frequency of monitoring with benefits for harvest management. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Evaluación del rol del tutor: comparación de percepción de estudiantes de las carreras de la salud
Authors: Navarro H. Nancy , Zamora S. José 
Published: March 2017

Objetivo: Comparar el desempeño de tutores en diferentes niveles curriculares de las carreras de la salud, desde la perspectiva del estudiantado.
Método: Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa descriptiva de corte transversal. La población correspondió a estudiantes de Enfermería, Kinesiología, Medicina, Nutrición, Obstetricia, Tecnología Médica, con experiencia en ABP de diferentes niveles curriculares. Se aplicó un instrumento de 23 ítems ( Cronbach 0.91) agrupados en tres factores: Tareas del tutor; dominio metodológico/aspecto actitudinal; ambiente de aprendizaje, a 1,541 estudiantes previo consentimiento informado. Para las respuestas se utilizó una escala tipo Likert (1 nunca a 5 siempre). Se realizó análisis de estadística descriptiva, comparación de medias con test de Scheffe.
Resultados: En factor I se concentran ítems con menores medias en todos los niveles curriculares: estimula la autoevaluación y evaluación de pares de los estudiantes; ayuda a desarrollar habilidades individuales de comunicación en los estudiantes. En factor II el ítem con menor media fue demuestra responsabilidad en proceso tutorial y mayor demuestra compromiso en su rol de tutor/a. El factor III corresponde al mejor evaluado del instrumento, las mayores medias fueron estimula las buenas relaciones entre estudiantes; logra crear un ambiente de confianza y respeto en el tutorial. El factor I tiene diferencia significativa (p < 0.05) entre primer nivel y clínico (p 0.002), el II entre primer nivel y preclínico (p 0.002); primer nivel y clínico (p 0.000). El factor III muestra diferencias entre primer nivel y clínico (p 0.000) y preclínico y clínico (p 0.027).
FE65 and FE65L1 share common synaptic functions and genetically interact with the APP family in neuromuscular junction formation
Authors: Strecker Paul , Ludewig Susann , Rust Marco , Mundinger Tabea A. , Görlich Andreas , Krächan Elisa G. , Mehrfeld Christina , Herz Joachim , Korte Martin , Guénette Suzanne Y. , Kins Stefan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe FE65 adaptor proteins (FE65, FE65L1 and FE65L2) bind proteins that function in diverse cellular pathways and are essential for specific biological processes. Mice lacking both FE65 and FE65L1 exhibit ectopic neuronal positioning in the cortex and muscle weakness. p97FE65-KO mice, expressing a shorter FE65 isoform able to bind amyloid precursor protein family members (APP, APLP1, APLP2), develop defective long-term potentiation (LTP) and aged mice display spatial learning and memory deficits that are absent from young mice. Here, we examined the central and peripheral nervous systems of FE65-KO, FE65L1-KO and FE65/FE65L1-DKO mice. We find spatial learning and memory deficits in FE65-KO and FE65L1-KO mice. Severe motor impairments, anxiety, hippocampal LTP deficits and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) abnormalities, characterized by decreased size and reduced apposition of pre- and postsynaptic sites, are observed in FE65/FE65L1-DKO mice. As their NMJ deficits resemble those of mutant APP/APLP2-DKO mice lacking the FE65/FE65L1 binding site, the NMJs of APLP2/FE65-DKO and APLP2/FE65L1-DKO mice were analyzed. NMJ deficits are aggravated in these mice when compared to single FE65- and FE65L1-KO mice. Together, our data demonstrate a role for FE65 proteins at central and peripheral synapses possibly occurring downstream of cell surface-associated APP/APLPs.
Design of a compact dualband quasi‐isotropic antenna
Authors: Kim J.‐H. , Nam S. 
Published: March 2017

A dualband quasi‐isotropic antenna is presented. It is based on the split‐ring‐resonators (SRRs), which provide a quasi‐isotropic radiation pattern with an electrically small size. For the dualband operation, the SRRs are placed orthogonally to reduce the mutual coupling between the elements. A folded dipole structure is applied to the SRR, therefore, the input impedance at each band can be easily tuned. Both simulated and measured results are presented. The results show dualband operation (792 and 1124 MHz), high efficiency (higher than 86 and 85.5%), compact size (ka = 0.47 at 792 MHz), moderate gain deviation (4.42 and 5.76 dB) with simple direct feed.
Multitrait successional forest dynamics enable diverse competitive coexistence
Authors: Falster Daniel S. , Brännström Åke , Westoby Mark , Dieckmann Ulf 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Walking through any forest, one is struck by the variety of plant forms coexisting. Given that all plants compete for the same basic resources, why is there not a single winner? Our study shows that when key ingredients common to all forests are accounted for—including disturbance events, competition for light, and two widely observed trait-based tradeoffs—models of niche differentiation predict forests of considerably greater diversity than was previously thought possible. In particular, our model accurately predicts the proliferation of species occupying niche space in low light, a feature of tropical forests that motivated the so-called neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography. The presented results thereby provide a platform for understanding diversity in forests worldwide.
LIGO and the opening of a unique observational window on the universe
Authors: Kalogera Vassiliki , Lazzarini Albert 
Published: March 2017

A unique window on the universe opened on September 14, 2015, with direct detection of gravitational waves by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors. This event culminated a half-century effort around the globe to develop terrestrial detectors of adequate sensitivity to achieve this goal. It also happened appropriately only a few months before the centennial of Einstein’s final paper introducing the general theory of relativity. This detection provided the surprising discovery of a coalescing pair of “heavy” black holes (more massive than

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62 solar mass black hole. One more binary black-hole detection and a significant candidate event demonstrated that a population of such merging binaries is formed in nature with a broad mass spectrum. This unique observational sample has already provided concrete measurements on the coalescence rates and has allowed us to test the theory of general relativity in the strong-field regime. As this nascent field of gravitational-wave astrophysics is emerging we are looking forward to the detection of binary mergers involving neutron stars and their electromagnetic counterparts, as well as continuous-wave sources, supernovae, a stochastic confusion background of compact-object mergers, known sources detected in unexpected ways, and completely unknown sources.