bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ray-Tracing-Based Event Detection and 3D Visualization for Automated Video Surveillance System
Authors: Przybyło Jaromir , Jabłoński Mirosław 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Automated and intelligent video surveillance systems play important role in current home care and facilities security applications. Among many research problems is graphical visualization of semantic messages to the human operator that he can percept information in more natural way. The other essential research question is how to recognize 3D objects and their state on the monitored scene only from their views (2D images from the camera). In this paper we continue our previous work on data fusion in visualization of 3D scene semantic model and propose to recognize events and states of scene objects under surveillance in an automatic way using feedback provided by the renderer. We developed ray-tracing based visualization for surveillance system, that is capable of recognizing object’s state and at the same time present relevant information to the human operator.
‘Set Adrift’: Fatalism as Organizational Culture at Canadian Seaports
Authors: Quigley Kevin F. , Mills Bryan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper takes an anthropological approach to understanding the governance of seaport security in Canada; it uses cultural theory and the concepts of regulation and integration as key determinants in understanding how organizations respond to risk. This paper draws on data from 29 semi-structured interviews with transportation specialists, including owners, operators, managers and regulators. Nine of the interview subjects came from seaports, in particular. The interviews occurred between 2011 and 2013. We argue that Canadian seaports exist in an area of confusing multi-level governance; they are immovable, are expected to be competitive and serve a number of (at times competing) public and private sector interests. These institutional arrangements have resulted in a security environment that is heavily regulated, but the community itself is not well integrated. Interview subjects raise concerns about the ports’ ability to respond to security threats. The paper then uses cultural theory to examine alternative governance arrangements enhancing, for example, community, competition or regulation. While most options to improve security will likely reduce the competitiveness of the seaports, it would help to instill more confidence among port staff and enhance organizational learning.
Beating the market betting on NHL hockey games
Authors: Buttrey Samuel E. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article describes a method for predicting the outcome of National Hockey League (NHL) games. We combine a model for goal scoring and yielding, and one for penalty commission, in a Markov-type computation and a simulation model that produce predicted probabilities of victory for each team. Where these differ substantially from the market probabilities, we make “bets” according to a simple strategy. Our return on investment is both positive and statistically significant.
Is there a Pythagorean theorem for winning in tennis?
Authors: Kovalchik Stephanie Ann 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBill James’ discovery of a Pythagorean formula for win expectation in baseball has been a useful resource to analysts and coaches for over 30 years. Extensions of the Pythagorean model have been developed for all of the major professional team sports but none of the individual sports. The present paper attempts to address this gap by deriving a Pythagorean model for win production in tennis. Using performance data for the top 100 male singles players between 2004 and 2014, this study shows that, among the most commonly reported performance statistics, a model of break points won provides the closest approximation to the Pythagorean formula, explaining 85% of variation in season wins and having the lowest cross-validation prediction error among the models considered. The mid-season projections of the break point model had performance that was comparable to an expanded model that included eight other serve and return statistics as well as player ranking. A simple match prediction algorithm based on a break point model with the previous 9 months of match history had a prediction accuracy of 67% when applied to 2015 match outcomes, whether using the least-squares or Pythagorean power coefficient. By demonstrating the striking similarity between the Pythagorean formula for baseball wins and the break point model for match wins in tennis, this paper has identified a potentially simple yet powerful analytic tool with a wide range of potential uses for player performance evaluation and match forecasting.
The Role of Voluntary Organisations in Constructing the Common Identity and Mobilising of Polish Community in Southeastern Lithuania
Authors: Frėjutė-Rakauskienė Monika 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper is based on a series of qualitative (semi-structured) interviews conducted by the author with representatives of Polish civic organisations in southeastern Lithuania (the towns of Eišiškės, Jašiūnai, Pabradė, Šalčininkai, Švenčionys, Švenčionėliai, and Turgeliai). Data was collected from January 2013 to June 2014 as part of a research project to investigate ethnic, civic, regional, and local identities of ethnic minorities in southeastern Lithuania. The project was carried out by the Institute for Ethnic Studies at the Lithuanian Social Research Centre and was funded by the Research Council of Lithuania. The paper discusses the role of voluntary organisations operating in Southeastern Lithuania in mobilising the Polish community. The author investigates the activity of Polish organisations as they maintain and construct the identity (ethnic, civic, local and regional) of local community. Part of the research strategy is to recognise the content and means by which these organisations appeal to collective memory to create and affirm Polish identity. An analysis of interview data shows that the activities of organisations predominantly target the Polish community and their aims are to promote and foster Polish culture, language, and history. The Polish civic and political organisations and their leaders play active roles in identity building and mobilising the Polish Community in southeastern Lithuania. Referencing and recalling collective memories of the Polish ethnic group is an important tool for building a collective identity that lack local and regional dimensions.
Parallel implementation of the cascade mass-conserving semi-Lagrangian transport scheme
Authors: Shashkin Vladimir V. , Tolstykh Mikhail A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractModern atmospheric models for climate simulations require accurate and efficient, locally mass-conservative and monotonic numerical schemes for treating the transport of atmospheric constituents. One of the ways to design such schemes is Finite-Volume Semi-Lagrangian approach (FVSL). FVSL schemes are characterised by the computational efficiency advantage due to the possibility of using large time-steps and efficient treatment of multiple transported quantities (tracers). This article presents massively parallel and multi-tracer efficient version of the recently developed 3D cascade FVSL transport scheme. Using hybrid distributed-shared memory parallelism with 1D MPI domain decomposition in latitude and OpenMP computations for longitude loops allows to use efficiently up to 1600 computational cores. We hope this number will grow with the future growth of the number of shared memory cores per computational node. Multi-tracer optimisations of the scheme (mostly, developing multi-tracer efficient monotonic filter) allow to reduce the cost of transporting additional tracer to 18–23% of running the scheme with one tracer.
Numerical Simulations of Blast Loads from Near-Field Ground Explosions in Air
Authors: Dobrociński Stanisław , Flis Leszek 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Numerical simulations of air blast loading in the near-field acting on the ground have been performed. A simplified blast model based on empirical blast loading data representing spherical and hemispherical explosive shapes has been simulated. Conwep is an implementation of the empirical blast models presented by Kingery and Bulmash, which is also implemented in the commercial code LS-DYNA based on work done by Rahnders-Pehrson and Bannister. This makes it possible to simulate blast loads acting on structures representing spherical and hemispherical explosive shapes of TNT with reasonable computational effort as an alternative to the SPH and Eulerian model. The CPU time for the simplified blast model is however considerably shorter and may still be useful in time consuming concept studies. Reasonable numerical results using reasonable model sizes can be achieved not only for modelling near-field explosions in air but most areas of geotechnical. Calculation was compared with blast SPH and Eulerian model.
Some Considerations on Horizontal Displacement and Horizontal Displacement Coefficient B
Authors: Tajduś Krzysztof , Tajduś Antoni 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Mining-induced deformations of the ground surface and within the rock mass may pose danger not only for surface constructions but also for underground objects (e.g., tunnels, underground storages, garages), diverse types of pipelines, electric cables, etc. For a proper evaluation of hazard for surface and underground objects, such parameters as horizontal displacement and horizontal deformations, especially their maximum values, are of crucial importance. The paper is an attempt at a critical review of hitherto accomplished studies and state of the art of predicting horizontal displacement u, in particular the coefficient B, whose value allows determination of the value of maximum displacement if the value of maximum slope is known, or the value of maximum deformation if the value of maximum trough slope is recognized. Since the geodesic observations of fully developed subsidence troughs suggest that the value of the coefficient depends on the depth H, radius of main influences range r and properties of overburden rock, in particular the occurrence of sub-eras Paleogene and Neogene layers (old name: Quaternary and Tertiary) with low strength parameters, therefore a formula is provided in the present paper allowing for the estimation of the influence of those factors on the value of coefficient B.
Electrical Conduction in Transition-Metal Salts
Authors: Grado-Caffaro M.A. , Grado-Caffaro M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We predict that a given transition-metal salt as, for example, a K2CuCl4·2H2O–type compound, can behave as an electrical conductor in the paramagnetic case. In fact, we determine the electrical conductance in a salt of this type. This conductance is found to be quantised in agreement with previous well-known results. Related mathematical expressions in the context of superexchange interaction are obtained. In addition, we determine the corresponding (macroscopically viewed) current density and the associated electron wave functions.
Pierwsze misje ludowe Księży Misjonarzy w Tarnowie
Authors: Glugla Paweł 
Published: February 2016

W diecezji tarnowskiej z końcem XIX wieku księża misjonarze św. Wincentego à Paulo przeprowadzili serie misji. Sprawozdanie z odbytych misji ukazało się już w pierwszym numerze „Roczników Obydwóch Zgromadzeń”. W Tarnowie pierwsze misje przeprowadzili w roku 1895. Wzięło w nich udział ponad 10 tysięcy wiernych. Działalność księży misjonarzy ze Zgromadzenia Misji wpisała się pozytywnie w historię Kościoła tarnowskiego. Stąd też biskup Leon Wałęga sprowadził ich do Tarnowa na stałe. Wybudowali kościół, plebanię i utworzyli drugą tarnowską parafię pod wezwaniem św. Rodziny.
Mental Health Has a Stronger Association with Patient-Reported Shoulder Pain and Function Than Tear Size in Patients with Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Wylie James D. , Suter Thomas , Potter Michael Q. , Granger Erin K. , Tashjian Robert Z. 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Patient-reported outcome measures have increasingly accompanied objective examination findings in the evaluation of orthopaedic interventions. Our objective was to determine whether a validated measure of mental health (Short Form-36 Mental Component Summary [SF-36 MCS]) or measures of tear severity on magnetic resonance imaging were more strongly associated with self-assessed shoulder pain and function in patients with symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears.

Methods:
One hundred and sixty-nine patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears were prospectively enrolled. Patients completed the Short Form-36, visual analog scales for shoulder pain and function, the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) instrument at the time of diagnosis. Shoulder magnetic resonance imaging examinations were reviewed to document the number of tendons involved, tear size, tendon retraction, and tear surface area. Age, sex, body mass index, number of medical comorbidities, smoking status, and Workers’ Compensation status were recorded. Bivariate correlations and multivariate regression models were calculated to identify associations with baseline shoulder scores.

Results:
The SF-36 MCS had the strongest correlation with the visual analog scale for shoulder pain (Pearson correlation coefficient, −0.48; p < 0.001), the visual analog scale for shoulder function (Pearson correlation coefficient, −0.33; p < 0.001), the SST (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.37; p < 0.001), and the ASES score (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.51; p < 0.001). Tear severity only correlated with the visual analog scale for shoulder function; the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.19 for tear size (p = 0.018), 0.18 for tendon retraction (p = 0.025), 0.18 for tear area (p = 0.022), and 0.20 for the number of tendons involved (p = 0.011). Tear severity did not correlate with other scores in bivariate correlations (all p > 0.05). In all multivariate models, the SF-36 MCS had the strongest association with the visual analog scale for shoulder pain, the visual analog scale for shoulder function, the SST, and the ASES score (all p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Patient mental health may play an influential role in patient-reported pain and function in patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Further studies are needed to determine its effect on the outcome of the treatment of rotator cuff disease.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Glucagon Nasal Powder: A Promising Alternative to Intramuscular Glucagon in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sherr Jennifer L. , Ruedy Katrina J. , Foster Nicole C. , Piché Claude A. , Dulude Hélène , Rickels Michael R. , Tamborlane William V. , Bethin Kathleen E. , DiMeglio Linda A. , Fox Larry A. , Wadwa R. Paul , Schatz Desmond A. , Nathan Brandon M. , Marcovina Santica M. , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Meng Linyan , Beck Roy W. ,   for the T1D Exchange Intranasal Glucagon Investigators
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Treatment of severe hypoglycemia outside of the hospital setting is limited to intramuscular glucagon requiring reconstitution prior to injection. The current study examined the safety and dose-response relationships of a needle-free intranasal glucagon preparation in youth aged 4 to &lt;17 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 48 youth with type 1 diabetes completed the study at seven clinical centers. Participants in the two youngest cohorts (4 to &lt;8 and 8 to &lt;12 years old) were randomly assigned to receive either 2 or 3 mg intranasal glucagon in two separate sessions or to receive a single, weight-based dose of intramuscular glucagon. Participants aged 12 to &lt;17 years received 1 mg intramuscular glucagon in one session and 3 mg intranasal glucagon in the other session. Glucagon was given after glucose was lowered to &lt;80 mg/dL (mean nadir ranged between 67 and 75 mg/dL).

RESULTS
All 24 intramuscular and 58 of the 59 intranasal doses produced a ≥25 mg/dL rise in glucose from nadir within 20 min of dosing. Times to peak plasma glucose and glucagon levels were similar under both intramuscular and intranasal conditions. Transient nausea occurred in 67% of intramuscular sessions versus 42% of intranasal sessions (P = 0.05); the efficacy and safety of the 2- and 3-mg intranasal doses were similar in the youngest cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS
Results of this phase 1, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic study support the potential efficacy of a needle-free glucagon nasal powder delivery system for treatment of hypoglycemia in youth with type 1 diabetes. Given the similar frequency and transient nature of adverse effects of the 2- and 3-mg intranasal doses in the two youngest cohorts, a single 3-mg intranasal dose appears to be appropriate for use across the entire 4- to &lt;17-year age range.
Long Series of GNSS Integrated Precipitable Water as a Climate Change Indicator
Authors: Kruczyk Michał 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper investigates information potential contained in tropospheric delay product for selected International GNSS Service (IGS) stations in climatologic research. Long time series of daily averaged Integrated Precipitable Water (IPW) can serve as climate indicator. The seasonal model of IPW change has been adjusted to the multi-year series (by the least square method). Author applied two modes: sinusoidal and composite (two or more oscillations). Even simple sinusoidal seasonal model (of daily IPW values series) clearly represents diversity of world climates. Residuals in periods from 10 up to 17 years are searched for some long-term IPW trend – self-evident climate change indicator. Results are ambiguous: for some stations or periods IPW trends are quite clear, the following years (or the other station) not visible. Method of fitting linear trend to IPW series does not influence considerably the value of linear trend. The results are mostly influenced by series length, completeness and data (e.g. meteorological) quality. The longer and more homogenous IPW series, the better chance to estimate the magnitude of climatologic IPW changes.
Factors influencing the desire to provide MS patient care in clinical practice among physiatrists
Authors: Kane Heather , Teixeira-Poit Stephanie , Halpern Michael T. , Keating Michael , Olmsted Murrey 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation care is an important part of care for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Little is known about factors influencing physiatrists’ desire to provide MS care. OBJECTIVE: This study examines factors associated with physiatrists’ attitudes towards providing MS care. METHODS: We collaborated with the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation to survey a sample of 300 U.S. physiatrists. Analyses examined the association of exposure to MS care resources during residency, physician demographic and practice characteristics with attitudes toward providing MS care. RESULTS: Physiatrists indicating negative factors limiting the number of MS patients seen in clinical practice were more likely to practice in a setting other than a major city and less likely to have interacted with MS specialists during residency. Physiatrists indicating factors having a positive influence on providing MS patient care were more likely to practice within a major city, see one or more MS patients per week, and serve as the primary physiatrist directing care for one or more MS patients. CONCLUSIONS: Physiatrists indicated positive and negative attitudes towards MS care. Increasing exposure to MS patients, providing resources for MS care, and participating in continuing education on MS, may encourage physiatrists to provide MS patient care.
Energetic ions scattered into the loss cone with observations of the Cluster satellite
Authors: Xiong Ying , Yuan Zhigang , Wang Jingfang 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. In this paper, we report in situ observations by the Cluster spacecraft of energetic ions scattered into the loss cone during the inbound pass from the plasma sheet into the plasmasphere. During the inbound pass of the plasma sheet, Cluster observed the isotropy ratio of energetic ions to gradually decrease from unity and the isotropic boundary extended to lower L value for higher-energy ions, implying that the field line curvature scattering mechanism is responsible for the scattered ions into the loss cone from the plasma sheet. In the outer boundary of a plasmasphere plume, Cluster 3 observed the increase of the isotropy ratio of energetic ions accompanied by enhancements of Pc2 waves with frequencies between the He+ ion gyrofrequency and O+ ion gyrofrequency estimated in the equatorial plane. Those Pc2 waves were left-hand circularly polarized and identified as electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. Using the observed parameters, the calculations of the pitch angle diffusion coefficients for ring current protons demonstrate that EMIC waves could be responsible for the ions scattering and loss-cone filling. Our observations provide in situ evidence of energetic ion loss in the plasma sheet and the plasmasphere plume. Our results suggest that energetic ions scattering into the loss cone in the central plasma sheet and the outer boundary of the plasmaspheric plume are attributed to the field line curvature scattering mechanism and EMIC wave scattering mechanism, respectively.
Financial Reporting Quality, Executive Stock Options and Business Ethics
Authors: Rakoto Philémon 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper tests the improvement of financial reporting quality when firms award stock options to their executives. The originality of this study is that we introduce the moderating effect of business ethics in the model. The sample is made up of 116 Canadian high-technology firms with available data for the fiscal year ending in 2012. We define the quality of financial reporting as the value relevance of accounting information as developed by Ohlson. Our results show that executive stock option award alone does not improve the quality of financial reporting. Rather, the quality improves when a firm awards stock options to its executives and investors perceive that the level of business ethics in that firm is high.