bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐ and Three‐Tiered Stacked Architectures by Covalent Assembly
Authors: Ren Fengfeng , Day Kody J. , Hartley C. Scott 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSimple discotic cores functionalized with reactive arms have been assembled into two‐ and three‐tiered covalent stacks through imine formation. The targets are obtained in good yields, but competing formation of misassembled byproducts highlights some of the challenges inherent to the thermodynamically controlled assembly of rigid, compact, three‐dimensional architectures. The structures comprise a central stack of arenes surrounded by a triple helix of interconnected arms. The racemization rate is strongly dependent on the number of tiers, suggesting cooperative conformational coupling in these multi‐tiered structures.
Sterically Demanding Oxidative Amidation of α‐Substituted Malononitriles with Amines Using O2
Authors: Li Jing , Lear Martin J. , Hayashi Yujiro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn efficient amidation method between readily available 1,1‐dicyanoalkanes and either chiral or nonchiral amines was realized simply with molecular oxygen and a carbonate base. This oxidative protocol can be applied to both sterically and electronically challenging substrates in a highly chemoselective, practical, and rapid manner. The use of cyclopropyl and thioether substrates support the radical formation of α‐peroxy malononitrile species, which can cyclize to dioxiranes that can monooxygenate malononitrile α‐carbanions to afford activated acyl cyanides capable of reacting with amine nucleophiles.
Prenatal diagnosis, hospital characteristics, and mortality in transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Lara Diego A. , Fixler David E. , Ethen Mary K. , Canfield Mark A. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Morris Shaine A. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe role of prenatal diagnosis in reducing neonatal mortality from transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is controversial. Factors affected by prenatal diagnosis such as proximity at birth to a cardiac surgical center (CSC) and CSC volume are associated with mortality in congenital heart disease. The purpose of the study was to determine the associations between prenatal diagnosis, distance from birthplace to a CSC, CSC TGA volume, and neonatal mortality in patients with TGA.MethodsThe Texas Birth Defects Registry was queried for all live born infants with TGA from 1999 to 2007. Four hundred sixty‐eight cases of TGA were included.ResultsForty‐eight patients (10.3%) were prenatally diagnosed, and 20 patients died before age 28 days (4.3%). Neither prenatal diagnosis nor close proximity to a CSC at birth (p > 0.05) were associated with decreased mortality. Low CSC TGA volume was associated with increased mortality (p < 0.0002). Mortality at the CSCs with <5 patients per year was 9.6%; CSCs with 5 to 10 patients per year had 0% mortality, and those with >10 patients per year had 2.3% mortality. In multivariable logistic regression, only preterm birth (odds ratio, 7.05; 95% confidence interval, 4.13–12.05) and lower CSC volume (p < 0.001) were associated with neonatal mortality, although prenatal diagnosis attenuated the detrimental association of lower volume CSCs with higher mortality (p for interaction = 0.047).ConclusionLower CSC TGA patient volume was associated with higher neonatal mortality. Prenatal diagnosis may improve survival in lower volume CSCs. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:739–748, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of product portfolios and recommendation timing in the efficiency of personalized recommendation
Authors: Yan Qiang , Zhang Lin , Li Yuxia , Wu Shuang , Sun Tingting , Wang Lingli , Chen Hejie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPersonalized recommendation has important implications in raising online shopping efficiency and increasing product sales. There has been wide interest in finding ways to provide more efficient personalized recommendations. Most existing studies focus on how to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the recommendation algorithms or are more concerned on ways to reduce perceived risks and thus increase consumer satisfaction. Unlike these studies, our study begins from the decision‐making process of consumers, using consumers' two‐stage decision‐making system and preference inconsistency theory as a basis, to reveal the mechanisms involved in consumers' acceptance of recommendations. This paper analyzes the effect of personalized recommendations from two angles, recommendation timing and product portfolio, tries to point out differences in consumer preferences between similar products and related products, and verifies that consumers demand diversity in the recommended content. The study analyzes differences in the acceptance of personalized recommendations between practical products and hedonic products and discovers that recommendations of hedonic products are more effective than that of practical products. Based on the research earlier, the study provides suggestions on how to better plan and operate a personalized recommendation system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H2S inhibits apo(a) expression and secretion through PKCα/FXR and Akt/HNF4α pathways in HepG2 cells
Authors: Qu Kai , Liu Ya‐mi , He Xing‐lan , Zhang Hai , Zhang Kai , Peng Juan , Tang Ya‐ling , Yu Xiao‐hua , Zeng Jun‐fa , Lei Jian‐jun , Wei Dang‐heng , Wang Zuo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a strong genetic risk factor for coronary heart diseases. However, the metabolism of this protein remains poorly understood. Efficient and specific drugs that can decrease high plasma levels of Lp(a) have not been developed yet. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a member of the gas transmitter family, performs important biological actions, including protection against cardiovascular diseases and maintenance of the lipid metabolism equilibrium in hepatocytes and adipocytes. In this study, we investigated the possible molecular mechanism of H2S that influences apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] biosynthesis. We also determined the effects of H2S on apo(a) expression and secretion in HepG2 cells as well as the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that H2S significantly inhibited the expression and secretion levels of apo(a). These effects were attenuated by the PKCα inhibitor and FXR siRNA. H2S also reduced HNF4α expression and enhanced FXR expression. The Akt inhibitor partially reversed H2S‐induced inhibition of apo(a) and HNF4α expression and apo(a) secretion. This study reveals that H2S suppressed apo(a) expression and secretion via the PKCα‐FXR and PI3K/Akt‐HNF4α pathways.
Nup62, associated with spindle microtubule rather than spindle matrix, is involved in chromosome alignment and spindle assembly during mitosis
Authors: Wu Zhige , Jin Zhihua , Zhang Xinhong , Shen Na , Wang Jinbo , Zhao Yingxian , Mei Lehe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn increasing number of the active mitotic functions of nucleoporins in the distinct steps of mitosis have been assigned over the past few years. As one of FG‐repeats containing nucleoporins, Nup62 has been found to be involved in nuclear transport, cell migration, virus infection, and cell cycle regulation. However, the role and mechanism of Nup62 in mitotic regulation have not been fully revealed. In this paper, it was revealed that a fraction of Nup62 was associated with mitotic spindle microtubule instead of spindle matrix, and the localization of Nup62 in the mitotic spindle depended on its three coiled‐coil domains rather than Crm1, although Nup62 strongly interacted with Crm1 during mitosis. Moreover, depletion of Nup62 by small interference of RNA seriously induced the defects of chromosome alignment and spindle assembly although the bipolar spindle was observed in most of the Nup62 knock‐down cells. Notably, congression of polar chromosome defect was observed in more than 30% of Nup62 knock‐down cells. These findings revealed that Nup62 was a novel mitotic spindle associated nucleoporin and involved in chromosome alignment and spindle assembly.
Insights into the Halogen Oxidative Addition Reaction to Dinuclear Gold(I) Di(NHC) Complexes
Authors: Baron Marco , Tubaro Cristina , Basato Marino , Isse Abdirisak Ahmed , Gennaro Armando , Cavallo Luigi , Graiff Claudia , Dolmella Alessandro , Falivene Laura , Caporaso Lucia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGold(I) dicarbene complexes [Au2(MeIm‐Y‐ImMe)2](PF6)2 (Y=CH2 (1), (CH2)2 (2), (CH2)4 (4), MeIm=1‐methylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) react with iodine to give the mixed‐valence complex [Au(MeIm‐CH2‐ImMe)2AuI2](PF6)2 (1 aI) and the gold(III) complexes [Au2I4(MeIm‐Y‐ImMe)2](PF6)2 (2 cI and 4 cI). Reaction of complexes 1 and 2 with an excess of ICl allows the isolation of the tetrachloro gold(III) complexes [Au2Cl4(MeIm‐CH2‐ImMe)2](PF6)2 (1 cCl) and [Au2Cl4(MeIm‐(CH2)2‐ImMe)2](Cl)2 (2 cCl‐Cl) (as main product); remarkably in the case of complex 2, the X‐ray molecular structure of the crystals also shows the presence of I‐Au‐Cl mixed‐sphere coordination. The same type of coordination has been observed in the main product of the reaction of complexes 3 or 4 with ICl. The study of the reactivity towards the oxidative addition of halogens to a large series of dinuclear bis(dicarbene) gold(I) complexes has been extended and reviewed. The complexes react with Cl2, Br2 and I2 to give the successive formation of the mixed‐valence gold(I)/gold(III) n aX and gold(III) n cX (excluding compound 1 cI) complexes. However, complex 3 affords with Cl2 and Br2 the gold(II) complex 3 bX [Au2X2(MeIm‐(CH2)3‐ImMe)2](PF6)2 (X=Cl, Br), which is the predominant species over compound 3 cX even in the presence of free halogen. The observed different relative stabilities of the oxidised complexes of compounds 1 and 3 have also been confirmed by DFT calculations.
Tandem Catalysis Utilizing Olefin Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Zieliński Grzegorz K. , Grela Karol 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Karol Grela at the Polish Academy of Sciences and at the University of Warsaw. The image depicts the olefin metathesis catalyst (“Charlie”) working side‐by‐side with the hydrogenation catalyst. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201505136.
A Cross‐cultural comparison of saturation, vividness, blackness and whiteness scales
Authors: Cho Yoon Ji , Ou Li‐Chen , Luo Ronnier 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn a typical Euclidean three‐dimensional colour space such as CIELAB, the ‘third‐dimension’, such as CIELAB chroma, has long been criticized as being confusing and difficult to understand for naïve observers and it had relatively poor consistency in visual assessments. As an attempt to find a promising replacement to existing ‘third‐dimension’, two psychophysical experiments were conducted in this study using naïve observers. In the first experiment, 24 Korean observers assessed 48 NCS colour chips in terms of bright, light‐heavy, active‐passive, fresh‐stale, clean‐dirty, clear, boring, natural‐not natural, warm‐cool, intense‐weak, saturated, vivid‐dull, distinct‐indistinct, full‐thin and striking. According to experimental results, ‘saturated’ and ‘vivid‐dull’ were found to highly correlate with CIELAB chroma and were thus regarded as good candidates to become alternatives to existing ‘third‐dimension’. In the second experiment, 40 Korean and 68 British observers assessed more than 100 samples in terms of saturation, vividness, blackness and whiteness. Thus, observers assessed 120 samples for saturation, vividness and whiteness. For blackness, 110 samples were assessed. In both experiments, the colour samples were presented in a viewing cabinet and assessed individually. Principal component analysis identified two components that were associated with CIELAB lightness and chroma. In general, there was a similarity between the visual results of the British and Korean observers. High correlation coefficients were found for the following comparisons: predicted values of Berns' depth model versus the present ‘saturation’ response; Berns' clarity versus ‘vividness’ response; Berns' vividness versus ‘blackness’ response; and CIELAB lightness versus ‘whiteness’ response. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 203–215, 2017
Species delimitation of Chinese hop‐hornbeams based on molecular and morphological evidence
Authors: Lu Zhiqiang , Zhang Dan , Liu Siyu , Yang Xiaoyue , Liu Xue , Liu Jianquan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSpecies delimitation through which infers species boundaries is emerging as a major work in modern systematics. Hop‐hornbeam species in Ostrya (Betulaceae) are well known for their hard and heavy woods. Five species were described in China and their interspecific delimitations remain unclear. In this study, we firstly explored their distributions in all recorded field sites distributed in China. We then selected 110 samples from 22 natural populations of five species from this genus and one type specimen of O. yunnanensis, for molecular barcoding analyses. We sequenced four chloroplast (cp) DNA fragments (trnH–psbA, trnL–trnF, rps16, and trnG) and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for all samples. Sequence variations of Ostrya from four cpDNA fragments identified three groups that showed no correspondence to any morphological delimitation because of the incomplete lineage sorting and/or possible interspecific introgression in the history. However, phylogenetic analyses of ITS sequence variations discerned four species, O. japonica, O. rehderiana, O. trichocarpa, and O. multinervis while O. yunnanensis nested within O. multinervis. Morphological clustering also discerned four species and showed the complete consistency with molecular evidence. Moreover, our phylogenetic analyses‐based ITS sequence variations suggested that O. trichocarpa comprised an isolated lineage different from the other Eurasian ones. Based on these results, hop‐hornbeams in China should be treated as four separate species. Our results further highlight the importance of ITS sequence variations in delimitating and discerning the closely related species in plants.
Evaluation of Patent Race between Three Firms Using a Game‐Theoretic Real Options Approach
Authors: ONO YASUNORI , SEKOZAWA TERUJI 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a method for evaluating a patent race in a three‐firm asymmetric model. Previous research has evaluated patent races between two firms using a game‐theoretic real options approach; however, very little research has been done on the evaluation of research and development (R&D) races in patent acquisition when three or more major firms exist in the market. Furthermore, the synergy created by technical cooperation has not been considered. Therefore, the present research expands on the previous research to formulate and evaluate a patent race model between three asymmetric firms using a game‐theoretic real options approach. We formulated and evaluated one situation in which all three firms subject to evaluation are competing for patent acquisition and another situation in which two of the three firms are engaging in technical cooperation. In the situation in which two of the three firms engage in technical cooperation, we used numerical examples to consider the influence of a reduction in R&D cost due to the synergy created by the cooperation. Our research showed that the cost of cooperative R&D is within a realistic range in situations where technical cooperation is desirable.
Responses of dead forest fuel moisture to climate change
Authors: Liu Yongqiang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractForest fuel moisture is an important factor for wildland fire behavior. Predicting future wildfire trends and controlled burned conditions is essential to effective natural resource management, but the associated effects of forest fuel moisture remain uncertain. This study investigates the responses of dead forest fuel moisture to climate change in the continental United States, one of the global regions with frequent wildfire and controlled burning activities. Moisture content was calculated for dead fuels with 1‐ and 1000‐hr lags (MC1 and MC1000) using the algorithms from the U.S. National Fire Danger Rating System. A set of dynamically downscaled regional climate change scenarios provided by the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program was used. The present fuel moisture shows large seasonal variations peaked in winter and spatial variability with dominant meridional change in winter and zonal change in summer. Fuel moisture is projected to decrease overwhelmingly across the United States, mainly caused by temperature increases. The largest MC1 decrease of over 1% mainly occurs in the southwestern United States in spring and southeastern United States in summer, while the largest MC1000 decrease of over 1.5% occurs in the southwestern United States in spring and in the southern Plains and eastern United States in summer. The spatial patterns and seasonal variations of future fuel moisture trends, however, vary considerably with regional climate change scenarios. The drying fuel trends suggest that frequency, size, and intensity of wildfires would increase and prescribed burning windows would decrease in the future in the Southwest and the inter‐mountains during spring and the Rocky Mountains during summer if other fuel conditions remain the same. These results highlight the general vulnerability of semiarid forests to drying fuels trends.
Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane: A Chemical Looping Approach
Authors: Neal Luke M. , Yusuf Seif , Sofranko John A. , Li Fanxing 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe current study investigates a chemical‐looping‐based oxidative dehydrogenation (CL‐ODH) concept for ethane‐to‐ethylene conversion. In this cyclic redox scheme, an oxide‐based redox catalyst is used to selectively combust hydrogen from ethane dehydrogenation. As the hydrogen product limits ethane conversion, in situ oxidation of hydrogen enhances the ethane conversion and ethylene yield. Moreover, heat required in ODH is compensated by re‐oxidation of the oxygen‐deprived redox catalyst, enabling auto‐thermal operation for the overall process. Compared to steam cracking, CL‐ODH can potentially achieve higher efficiency with lower CO2 and NOx emissions. Silica and magnesia‐supported manganese oxides are investigated. It is determined that unpromoted Mn/SiO2 and Mn/MgO redox catalysts exhibit low selectivity towards ethylene. The addition of promoters such as sodium and tungsten renders effective redox catalysts with satisfactory activity, selectivity, oxygen carrying capacity, and redox stability.
Effects of transport and insertion of radio frequency identification (RFID) transponders on resistance and shape of natural and synthetic pebbles: applications for riverine and coastal bedload tracking
Authors: Cassel Mathieu , Piégay Hervé , Lavé Jérôme 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRFID transponders, especially low‐frequency Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT tags), are now commonly used for assessing bedload mobility in gravel‐bed rivers. Early studies reported high PIT tag recovery rates in small streams, but recovery rates in larger systems remain low. Explanatory factors for low recovery rates have been identified, but only antenna detection ranges and clustering effects have been precisely characterized. Burial below detection limit and dispersion beyond the study site have been indirectly estimated, and PIT tag destruction is assumed to be negligible. In this study, we quantified the resistance of natural limestone pebbles equipped with PIT tags as related to tag insertion methods and distance travelled in an annular flume. We then compared the performance of these natural pebbles with synthetic pebbles made of polyurethane resin and corundum. Creation of synthetic pebbles makes it possible to test bigger transponders with a greater detection range and no clustering effects, bypassing the existing constraints of RFID tracking. We found that breakage of limestone particles leading to PIT tag destruction is far too rare to explain low recovery rates in situ. Further, breakage is more affected by initial pebble characteristics than by PIT tag insertion method. Synthetic pebbles are more sensitive to attrition, but less likely to break. Natural and synthetic pebbles show slight differences in mobility patterns, transport distances, and abrasion resistances. One of the two synthetic pebbles travelled faster than the other three indicating that mobility is not only related to density but also potentially to shape. To address clustering and detection range issues, we equipped synthetic pebbles with AIT‐tags (Active Integrated Transponders). These were tested for integrity and transponder endurance and show great promise for future applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Realistic models of apparent dynamic changes in resting‐state connectivity in somatosensory cortex
Authors: Shi Zhaoyue , Rogers Baxter P. , Chen Li Min , Morgan Victoria L. , Mishra Arabinda , Wilkes Don M. , Gore John C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractVariations over time in resting‐state correlations in blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signals from different cortical areas may indicate changes in brain functional connectivity. However, apparent variations over time may also arise from stationary signals when the sample duration is finite. Recently, a vector autoregressive (VAR) null model has been proposed to simulate real functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, which provides a robust stationary model for identifying possible temporal dynamic changes in functional connectivity. In this work, we propose a simpler model that uses a filtered stationary dataset. The filtered stationary model generates statistically stationary time series from random data with a single prescribed correlation coefficient that is calculated as the average over the entire time series. In addition, we propose a dynamic model, which is better able to replicate real fMRI connectivity, estimated from monkey brain studies, than the two stationary models. We compare simulated results using these three models with the behavior of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) networks in anesthetized squirrel monkeys at high field (9.4 T), using a sliding window correlation analysis. We found that at short window sizes, both stationary models reproduced the distribution of correlations of real signals well, but at longer window sizes, a dynamic model reproduced the distribution of correlations of real signals better than the stationary models. While stationary models replicate several features of real data, a close representation of the behavior of resting‐state data acquired from somatosensory cortex of non‐human primates is obtained only when a dynamic correlation is introduced, suggesting dynamic variations in connectivity are real. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3897–3910, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impaired vocal cord mobility in T2N0 glottic carcinoma: Suboptimal local control with Radiation alone
Authors: Bhateja Priyanka , Ward Matthew C. , Hunter Grant H. , Greskovich John F. , Reddy Chandana A. , Nwizu Tobenna I. , Lamarre Eric , Burkey Brian B. , Adelstein David J. , Koyfman Shlomo A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundT2 glottic cancer with impaired vocal cord mobility (T2b) is known to have higher local failure rates when compared with T2 cancers without impaired cord mobility (T2a) treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone.MethodsIn this retrospective review, we identified and compared the local control rates of 3 groups: T2aN0 treated with RT; T2bN0 treated with RT; and T2b‐3N0‐2 treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT).ResultsThe 3‐year local control rate was 95.1% for T2aN0, 73.2% for T2bN0 treated with RT, and 91.5% for the CRT group (p = .01). On univariate analysis, T2bN0 disease versus T2aN0 treated with RT alone (p = .03) was significantly associated with inferior local control.ConclusionPatients with glottic cancer with impaired vocal cord mobility (T2b) have a high rate of local failure with RT alone. The addition of concurrent chemotherapy should be considered for patients highly motivated toward larynx preservation and willing to accept the potential toxicity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1832–1836, 2016