bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the bending properties of long bones: Insights from an experimental mouse model
Authors: Peacock Sarah J. , Coats Brittney R. , Kirkland J. Kyle , Tanner Courtney A. , Garland Theodore , Middleton Kevin M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesAnalyses of bone cross‐sectional geometry are frequently used by anthropologists and paleontologists to infer the loading histories of past populations. To address some underlying assumptions, we investigated the relative roles of genetics and exercise on bone cross‐sectional geometry and bending mechanics in three mouse strains: high bone density (C3H/He), low bone density (C57BL/6), and a high‐runner strain homozygous for the Myh4Minimsc allele (MM).Methods and MaterialsWeanlings of each strain were divided into exercise (wheel) or control (sedentary) treatment groups for a 7‐week experimental period. Morphometrics of the femoral mid‐diaphysis and mechanical testing were used to assess both theoretical and ex vivo bending mechanics.ResultsAcross all measured morphological and bending traits, we found relatively small effects of exercise treatment compared to larger and more frequent interstrain differences. In the exercised group, total distance run over the experimental period was not a predictor of any morphological or bending traits. Cross‐sectional geometry did not accurately predict bone response to loading.DiscussionResults from this experimental model do not support hypothesized associations among extreme exercise, cross‐sectional geometry, and bending mechanics. Our results suggest that analysis of cross‐sectional geometry alone is insufficient to predict loading response, and questions the common assumption that cross‐sectional geometry differences are indicative of differential loading history.
Iron(II)‐Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of NH Sulfoximines from Sulfoxides
Authors: Yu Hao , Li Zhen , Bolm Carsten 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFree NH‐sulfoximines were directly prepared from sulfoxides through iron catalysis by applying a readily available, shelf‐stable hydroxylamine triflic acid salt. No additional oxidant is needed, and the substrate scope is broad, including a range of heterocyclic compounds.
Catalytic Dibenzocyclooctene Synthesis via Cobalt(III)–Carbene Radical and ortho‐Quinodimethane Intermediates
Authors: te Grotenhuis Colet , van den Heuvel Naudin , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar , de Bruin Bas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe metalloradical activation of ortho‐benzallylaryl N‐tosyl hydrazones with [Co(TPP)] (TPP=tetraphenylporphyrin) as the catalyst enabled the controlled exploitation of the single‐electron reactivity of the redox non‐innocent carbene intermediate. This method offers a novel route to prepare eight‐membered rings, using base metal catalysis to construct a series of unique dibenzocyclooctenes through selective Ccarbene−Caryl cyclization. The desired eight‐membered‐ring products were obtained in good to excellent yields. A large variety of aromatic substituents are tolerated. The proposed reaction mechanism involves intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to CoIII–carbene radical intermediates followed by dissociation of an ortho‐quinodimethane that undergoes 8π cyclization. The mechanism is supported by DFT calculations, and the presence of radical‐type intermediates was confirmed by trapping experiments.
Mono‐ and Bis(imidazolidinium ethynyl) Cations and Reduction of the Latter To Give an Extended Bis‐1,4‐([3]Cumulene)‐p‐carboquinoid System
Authors: Barry Brian M. , Soper R. Graeme , Hurmalainen Juha , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Robertson Katherine N. , McClennan William L. , Veinot Alex J. , Roemmele Tracey L. , Werner‐Zwanziger Ulrike , Boeré René T. , Tuononen Heikki M. , Clyburne Jason A. C. , Masuda Jason D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn extended π‐system containing two [3]cumulene fragments separated by a p‐carboquinoid and stabilized by two capping N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has been prepared. Mono‐ and bis(imidazolidinium ethynyl) cations have also been synthesized from the reaction of an NHC with phenylethynyl bromide or 1,4‐bis(bromoethynyl)benzene. Cyclic voltammetry coupled with synthetic and structural studies showed that the dication is readily reduced to a neutral, singlet bis‐1,4‐([3]cumulene)‐p‐carboquinoid as a result of the π‐accepting properties of the capping NHCs.
Nanoscale Trimetallic Metal–Organic Frameworks Enable Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Fei‐Long , Shao Qi , Huang Xiaoqing , Lang Jian‐Ping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of promising materials for diverse heterogeneous catalysis, but they are usually not directly employed for oxygen evolution electrocatalysis. Most reports focus on using MOFs as templates to in situ create efficient electrocatalysts through annealing. Herein, we prepared a series of Fe/Ni‐based trimetallic MOFs (Fe/Ni/Co(Mn)‐MIL‐53 accordingly to the Material of Institute Lavoisier) by solvothermal synthesis, which can be directly adopted as highly efficient electrocatalysts. The Fe/Ni/Co(Mn)‐MIL‐53 shows a volcano‐type oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity as a function of compositions. The optimized Fe/Ni2.4/Co0.4‐MIL‐53 can reach a current density of 20 mA cm−2 at low overpotential of 236 mV with a small Tafel slope of 52.2 mV dec−1. In addition, the OER performance of these MOFs can be further enhanced by directly being grown on nickel foam (NF).
Paleo‐inspired Systems: Durability, Sustainability, and Remarkable Properties
Authors: Bertrand Loïc , Gervais Claire , Masic Admir , Robbiola Luc 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe process of mimicking properties of specific interest (such as mechanical, optical, and structural) observed in ancient and historical systems is designated here as paleo‐inspiration. For instance, recovery in archaeology or paleontology identifies materials that are a posteriori extremely resilient to alteration. All the more encouraging is that many ancient materials were synthesized in soft chemical ways, often using low‐energy resources and sometimes rudimentary manufacturing equipment. In this Minireview, ancient systems are presented as a source of inspiration for innovative material design in the Anthropocene.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Nickel‐Stabilised μ2:η2,η2‐P2, As2 and PAs Units
Authors: Hierlmeier Gabriele , Hinz Alexander , Wolf Robert , Goicoechea Jose M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe reactivity of two paramagnetic nickel(I) compounds, CpNi(NHC) (where Cp=cyclopentadienyl; NHC=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene (IMes) or 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene (IPr)), towards [Na(dioxane)x][PnCO] (Pn=P, As) is described. These reactions afford symmetric bimetallic compounds (μ2:η2,η2‐Pn2){Ni(NHC)(CO)}2. Several novel intermediates en route to such species are identified and characterised, including a compound containing the PCO− anion in an unprecedented μ2:η2,η2‐binding mode. Ultimately, on treatment of the (μ2:η2,η2‐Pn2){Ni(IMes)(CO)}2 compounds with carbon monoxide, the Pn2 units can be released, affording P4 in the case of the phosphorus‐containing species, and elemental arsenic in the case of (μ2:η2,η2‐As2){Ni(IMes)(CO)}2.
Toward poly(furfuryl alcohol) applications diversification: Novel self‐healing network and toughening epoxy–novolac resin
Authors: Moazzen Khadijeh , Zohuriaan‐Mehr Mohammad Jalal , Jahanmardi Reza , Kabiri Kourosh 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(furfuryl alcohol) bioresin (PFA) was synthesized and utilized through two distinct alloying strategies. It was crosslinked by a bismaleimide (BMI) via a Diels–Alder (DA) reaction. The novel PFA–BMI polyadduct network was spectrally, thermally, and thermo‐mechanically characterized and its thermally repeatable self‐healing behavior was visually established. The network showed a high pyrolytic thermostability (char yield ∼51% at 600 °C). PFA was also used for modification of epoxy–novolac resin (EP). EP hybrid resins containing 5, 10, and 15 wt % of PFA were cured by a polyamine hardener. Despite of different curing mechanisms of the two resins, PFA had no effect on EP curing behavior as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry, which proved homogeneous formation of the thermosets. PFA at the composition of 15 wt % improved tensile properties and toughness of EP, so that it almost doubled tensile modulus and elongation at break. However, PFA slightly deteriorated flexural properties of EP. PFA also decreased Tg of EP, with a maximum decrease of 22 °C. Besides, PFA disfavored initial thermostability of EP, but improved its pyrolytic char yield. In conclusion, PFA can be beneficial from smart materials to toughen hybrid epoxy thermosets with potential applications in composites, adhesives, and surface coatings. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45921.
Enhancement of char‐forming and water resistance on ABS modified by poly(4‐nitrophenoxy)‐phosphazene
Authors: Yang Yunyun , Kong Weibo , Luo Hang , Cao Xilei , Cai Xufu 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(4‐nitrophenoxy)‐phosphazene (DPP) was used as charring and water resistance agent in Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) composites. The char‐forming capability of DPP and combustion behavior of DPP‐based ABS (ABS‐DPP) were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cone calorimeter, respectively. TGA‐coupled Fourier transform infrared (TGA/FTIR) was used to research the releasing intensity of gaseous products during decomposition. Moreover, the char formation morphology of ABS, DPP, and ABS‐DPP were observed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The water resistance of DPP was measured by the boiled water tests, the FTIR and static water contact angle analysis. The flame properties of samples and the samples treated by boiled water were studied by LOI and UL‐94, and the tensile properties of ABS‐DPP samples were assessed by tensile testing at high temperature. The results showed that the residues yield of ABS‐DPP samples increased from 0 to more than 20% under nitrogen and from 0.7 to 3.9% under air compared with pure ABS. The combustibility of ABS was decreased by DPP; however, the water resistance of ABS was not affected. At high temperature, tensile strength of ABS‐DPP decreased and the elongation at break enhanced with the addition of DPP. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45988.
Solid lipid nanoparticles loaded thermoresponsive pluronic–xanthan gum hydrogel as a transdermal delivery system
Authors: Lee Min Hyeock , Shin Gye Hwa , Park Hyun Jin 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to develop and investigate thermoresponsive hydrogel incorporating curcumin (Cur) for application as a transdermal delivery system. Cur was encapsulated within solid lipid nanoparticles via ultrasonic homogenization, and these were introduced into a thermoresponsive hydrogel composed of pluronic F68 (PF68) and F127 (PF127). The hydrogel composed of PF68 and PF127 in 10:90 ratio transformed from sol to gel at 29.3 °C close to skin temperature. The skin adhesiveness and adhesive strength of the hydrogel with 0.2% (w/w) of XG was 1.64 and 1.24 times higher than those of the hydrogel without XG, respectively. The physiochemical characteristics of prepared formulations were investigated via observation of particle size, polydispersity index, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was performed at physiological temperature, which revealed lower hydrogen bonding intensity at gel phase than at sol phase. The cumulative amount of Cur that penetrated significantly increased compared with the Cur ethanol solution. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46004.
Thermo‐mechanical behavior of poly(butylene terephthalate)/silica nanocomposites
Authors: Russo P. , Costantini A. , Luciani G. , Tescione F. , Lavorgna M. , Branda F. , Silvestri B. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTIn this work, experimental results about poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) based nanocomposites filled with various amounts of silica nanoparticles (NPs) are reported. Two different types of filler are used: silica gel NPs, produced through the Stöber method, and a commercial fumed silica, both coated by a PBT shell. Melt‐mixed samples have been thoroughly investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, wide and small angle X‐ray diffraction, and dynamic mechanical analysis. A fine and very good dispersion of NPs into the polymeric matrix is revealed through the morphological analysis when Stöber NPs were used as filler with respect to systems including commercial fumed silica particles. This evidence, combined with matrix–filler interactions revealed by FTIR spectroscopy, justifies the enhancement of both storage modulus and glass transition temperature of the former samples in comparison with reference pristine PBT. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46006.
Microporous membrane fabricated by AMS‐GMA‐TPE terpolymer grafted polypropylene prepared via extrusion
Authors: Jiang Shan , Wang Wei , Huang Tianya , Ma Jie , Ding Yonghong , Yu Qiang 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTTerpolymer poly(α‐methylstyrene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐4‐acryloyl tetraphenylethylene) (PAGT) was synthesized by radical copolymerization using α‐methylstyrene, glycidyl methacrylate, and trace fluorescent monomer 4‐acryloyl tetraphenylethylene. Thermal decomposition of α‐methylstyrene constitutional units in copolymer chains is known to produce macromolecular radicals at temperatures exceeding 90 °C, which may be melt‐grafted to polypropylene (PP) without other initiators by means of extrusion. In this study, the PP‐g‐PAGT microporous material was prepared by casting and stretching. The structure and properties of the PAGT were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermogravimetic analysis. The grafting degree and rheological properties proved that the PAGT chains were successfully grafted onto the PP. The uniformity of the PAGT in the PP‐g‐PAGT was observed using a spectrofluorophotometer. The polarity of the cast membrane was characterized by the water contact angle. The results showed that the PAGT evenly grafted onto the PP, and the polarity and hydrophilicity of the cast membranes were improved. The microporous structure of the separator was observed via scanning electron microscopy. Testing of the performance of the lithium battery showed that the impedance decreased and the ionic conductivity increased with the introduction of PAGT onto PP. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46020.
Highly flame‐retardant bio‐based polyurethanes using novel reactive polyols
Authors: Bhoyate Sanket , Ionescu M. , Radojcic D. , Kahol P. K. , Chen J. , Mishra S. R. , Gupta Ram K. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTPoor flame retardancy of polyurethanes (PU) is a global issue as it limits their applications particularly in construction, automobile, and household appliances industries. The global challenge of high flammability of PU can be addressed by incorporating flame‐retardant materials. However, additive flame‐retardants are non‐compatible and depreciate the properties of PU. Hence, reactive flame‐retardants (RFR) based on aliphatic (Ali‐1 and Ali‐2) and aromatic (Ar‐1 and Ar‐2) structured bromine compounds were synthesized and used to prepare bio‐based PU using limonene dimercaptan. The aromatic bromine containing foams showed higher close cell content (average 97 and 100%) and compressive strength (230 and 325 kPa) to that of aliphatic bromine containing foams. Similar behavior was observed for a horizontal burning test where with a low concentration of bromine (5 wt %) in the foams for Ar‐1 and Ar‐2 displayed a burning time of 12.5 and 11.8 s while, Ali‐1 and Ali‐2 displayed burning time of 25.7 and 37 s, respectively. Neat foam showed a burning time of 74 s. The percentage weight loss for neat PU foam was 26.5%, while foams containing 5 wt % bromine in Ali‐1, Ali‐2, Ar‐1, and Ar‐2 foams displayed weight loss of 11.3, 14, 7.9, and 14%, respectively. Our results suggest that flame retardant PU foams could be prepared effectively by using RFR materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46027.
Long‐term stable hydrophilic surface modification of poly(ether ether ketone) via the multilayered chemical grafting method
Authors: Kim Kyung Hak , Im Sang Hyuk , Park Bum Jun 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe aging phenomena of a poly(ether ether keton) (PEEK) surface hydrophilically modified via various protocols was investigated. The use of plasma treatment or chemical etching methods offers a relatively convenient surface modification route. However, the effects of hydrophilic treatment quickly disappeared and its original surface property was recovered within a few hours or a few days when stored at ambient conditions. Surface treatment based on a single‐layered chemical grafting method rendered an excellent hydrophilic surface with an initial contact angle of <15° and an improved retardation of surface aging. However, the contact angle of the modified PEEK specimen gradually increased with time and eventually reached ∼50° after 23 days. A new method for the long‐term stable hydrophilic surface treatment of PEEK using a multilayered chemical grafting strategy was also developed. With this regard, aging of the modified surface could be significantly retarded over ∼90 days. It was believed that the effectiveness of the surface modification and the retarded aging phenomena via the multilayered hydrophilic treatment could be attributed to mechanical and chemical stability of the covalently bonded active surface groups on the grafted polymer networks. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46042.
Using State Birth Defects Registries to Evaluate Regional Critical Congenital Heart Disease Newborn Screening
Authors: Case Amy Peterson , Miller Stephanie D. , McClain Monica R. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundMost states have now passed legislation mandating pulse oximetry for all newborns, or have promulgated regulations or guidelines to encourage use of routine pulse oximetry. State‐based birth defects registries may be well positioned to track and evaluate critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) screening coverage and outcomes. This purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the proportion of cases detected by screening, (2) health services use by children with CCHDs during the first year of life, and (3) mortality outcomes.MethodsRecords of children born in 2012 to 2013 with any of seven CCHD lesions were identified in New England birth defects databases. Information was abstracted from each child's medical record. Descriptive statistics were used to report results.ResultsFrom nearly 160,000 live births, 208 CCHD diagnoses were noted in the records of 157 children. Screening was noted in 67% of records of confirmed cases of CCHDs. Data completeness varied by state; for example, information was available regarding prenatal diagnosis in 91% of records and age at first surgery in 85% among states with active surveillance compared with 35% and 75%, respectively, with passive surveillance. Documentation of screening results in medical records was inconsistent. The one year survival was 85% (77/91).ConclusionBirth defects surveillance systems can provide information on outcomes for infants with CCHDs. However, information varies by surveillance method and by hospital practices. Engaging hospitals in standardizing recording procedures and enhancing training and quality control could increase the value of birth defects registries records in assessing outcomes for children identified through CCHD screening. Birth Defects Research 109:1414–1422, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proximity to Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Care among Adolescents with Congenital Heart Defects in 11 New York Counties
Authors: Sommerhalter Kristin M. , Insaf Tabassum Z. , Akkaya‐Hocagil Tugba , McGarry Claire E. , Farr Sherry L. , Downing Karrie F. , Lui George K. , Zaidi Ali N. , Van Zutphen Alissa R. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundMany individuals with congenital heart defects (CHDs) discontinue cardiac care in adolescence, putting them at risk of adverse health outcomes. Because geographic barriers may contribute to cessation of care, we sought to characterize geographic access to comprehensive cardiac care among adolescents with CHDs.MethodsUsing a population‐based, 11‐county surveillance system of CHDs in New York, we characterized proximity to the nearest pediatric cardiac surgical care center among adolescents aged 11 to 19 years with CHDs. Residential addresses were extracted from surveillance records documenting 2008 to 2010 healthcare encounters. Addresses were geocoded using ArcGIS and the New York State Street and Address Maintenance Program, a statewide address point database. One‐way drive and public transit time from residence to nearest center were calculated using R packages gmapsdistance and rgeos with the Google Maps Distance Matrix application programming interface. A marginal model was constructed to identify predictors associated with one‐way travel time.ResultsWe identified 2522 adolescents with 3058 corresponding residential addresses and 12 pediatric cardiac surgical care centers. The median drive time from residence to nearest center was 18.3 min, and drive time was 30 min or less for 2475 (80.9%) addresses. Predicted drive time was longest for rural western addresses in high poverty census tracts (68.7 min). Public transit was available for most residences in urban areas but for few in rural areas.ConclusionWe identified areas with geographic barriers to surgical care. Future research is needed to determine how these barriers influence continuity of care among adolescents with CHDs. Birth Defects Research 109:1494–1503, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.