bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Risk Factors of Rachitic Genu Varus in Preschool Children in a Paediatric Health Institute in Egypt as One of the Developing Countries
Authors: Bishay Sherif N.G. , El-Sherbini Mostafa H. A. , Azzam Amre A. , Lotfy Ashraf A. 
Published: August 2016

Background:Rachitic genu varus is one of the common conditions among the Egyptian children, despite the shinning sun of Egypt all the year.Purpose:The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence of rachitic genu varus among the Egyptian children, and to assess the risk factors contributing to it.Patients and Methods:This prospective study recruited a total of 250 consecutive children, being 130 males and 120 females, with rachitic bow legs or genu varus, between 2 - 4 years of age, together with 250 controls of the same age group, out of a total number of 1900 children with other types of rickets, and other children's orthopaedic diseases, who presented to the National Institute of Neuromotor System in Egypt between September 2014 to September 2015. The cases and the controls were subjected to clinical, laboratory biochemical, and plain radiographic examinations. Their parents were subjected to epidemiological, maternal, and nutritional questionnaires.Results:The calculations revealed high incidence (13.1%) of rachitic genu varus. The risk factors were low socioeconomic status, insufficient family income, poor housing conditions, lack of exposure to sunlight due to cultural practices, sole breast feeding, and inadequate supplementation of vitamin D to the children and the pregnant women. Thepvalue was <0.05.Conclusion:Vitamin D deficiency rachitic genu varus is a multifactorial condition in Egypt. Raising the standard of living, level of education, housings, and dietary supplementation of vitamin D to the pregnant women and infants are the solution.
Gamification and Adherence to Web-Based Mental Health Interventions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brown Menna , O'Neill Noelle , van Woerden Hugo , Eslambolchilar Parisa , Jones Matt , John Ann 
Published: August 2016

Background
Adherence to effective Web-based interventions for common mental disorders (CMDs) and well-being remains a critical issue, with clear potential to increase effectiveness. Continued identification and examination of “active” technological components within Web-based interventions has been called for. Gamification is the use of game design elements and features in nongame contexts. Health and lifestyle interventions have implemented a variety of game features in their design in an effort to encourage engagement and increase program adherence. The potential influence of gamification on program adherence has not been examined in the context of Web-based interventions designed to manage CMDs and well-being.

Objective
This study seeks to review the literature to examine whether gaming features predict or influence reported rates of program adherence in Web-based interventions designed to manage CMDs and well-being.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted of peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) designed to manage CMDs or well-being and incorporated gamification features. Seven electronic databases were searched.

Results
A total of 61 RCTs met the inclusion criteria and 47 different intervention programs were identified. The majority were designed to manage depression using cognitive behavioral therapy. Eight of 10 popular gamification features reviewed were in use. The majority of studies utilized only one gamification feature (n=58) with a maximum of three features. The most commonly used feature was story/theme. Levels and game leaders were not used in this context. No studies explicitly examined the role of gamification features on program adherence. Usage data were not commonly reported. Interventions intended to be 10 weeks in duration had higher mean adherence than those intended to be 6 or 8 weeks in duration.

Conclusions
Gamification features have been incorporated into the design of interventions designed to treat CMD and well-being. Further research is needed to improve understanding of gamification features on adherence and engagement in order to inform the design of future Web-based health interventions in which adherence to treatment is of concern. Conclusions were limited by varied reporting of adherence and usage data.
U.S. Audit Partner Rotations
Authors: Laurion Henry , Lawrence Alastair , Ryans James P. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate the effects of audit partner rotation among U.S. publicly listed firms, utilizing the fact that audit partners are periodically copied by name in public correspondence between issuers and the Securities and Exchange Commission. Relative to non-rotation firms, we find no evidence of a change in the frequency of misstatements following the partner rotation; however, there is an increase in the frequency of restatement discoveries and announcements. We also find an increase in deferred tax valuation allowances. Overall, the results provide some evidence suggesting that U.S. partner rotations support a fresh look at the audit engagement.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M48.
Data Availability: Data are publicly available from sources identified in the article.
Unprofitable Affiliates and Income Shifting Behavior
Authors: De Simone Lisa , Klassen Kenneth J. , Seidman Jeri K. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Income shifting from high-tax to low-tax jurisdictions is considered a primary method of reducing worldwide tax burdens of multinational firms. Current losses also affect income shifting incentives. We extend prior approaches by explicitly considering unprofitable affiliates and test whether the association between losses and tax incentives for unprofitable affiliates deviates from the negative association observed in profitable affiliates. Results suggest that multinational firms alter the distribution of reported profits to take advantage of losses. Our point estimate for profitable affiliates implies that an increase of one standard deviation in the tax incentive, C, of an affiliate with an average return on assets of 13.3 is associated with a lower return on assets of 0.5 percentage points. The same change in tax incentive of an unprofitable affiliate is associated with an increase in its return on assets of approximately 0.7 percentage points, holding assets, labor, productivity, and other factors constant. We further document a larger responsiveness to tax incentives between profitable and unprofitable affiliates in high-tax jurisdictions, consistent with predictions.
Impact of a chapter book and collectible cards describing the lives of seven veterinarians on third-grade students' career aspirations and expectations
Authors: Miguel Sandra F. San , Green Henry , Cipriani Kauline , Parker Loran Carleton , Adedokun Omolola 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of exposure to a chapter book and collectible cards describing the lives of 7 veterinarians on career aspirations and expectations of third-grade students.
DESIGN Survey.
SAMPLE 176 third-grade students from 6 schools in Indiana.
PROCEDURES Students responded to a questionnaire by stating their career aspirations and expectations before and within 8 days after classroom exposure to the chapter book and collectible cards.
RESULTS As a group, significantly more students answered that they would like or expect to be a veterinarian when they are an adult after exposure to the book and cards. By gender, more boys, but not girls, answered that they would like or expect to be a veterinarian after exposure to the book and cards. Additionally, more White students and more rural students answered that they expected to be a veterinarian after exposure to the book and cards.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that young children's career aspirations and expectations can be influenced, at least in the short term, by exposure to educational materials about veterinary medicine when delivered as part of a classroom curriculum.
Early diagnostic imaging findings in juvenile dogs with presumed diskospondylitis: 10 cases (2008–2014)
Authors: Kirberger Robert M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe early diagnostic imaging findings in juvenile dogs with diskospondylitis.
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 10 client-owned dogs < 6 months of age.
PROCEDURES Medical records were searched to identify juvenile dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of diskospondylitis. Signalment, history, examination findings, diagnostic test results, and imaging procedures were reviewed. Archived diagnostic images were retrieved and retrospectively evaluated. Data analysis was descriptive.
RESULTS All dogs were evaluated for signs of vertebral pain ≤ 3 weeks after treatment for blunt trauma, bite wounds, or systemic illness. The earliest radiographic change was a narrowed intervertebral disk space (found for 28 disk spaces ≤ 2 weeks after evaluation for signs of vertebral pain); subluxation of adjacent vertebrae was identified for 8 of 28 affected disks, either initially or within the following 2 weeks. Vertebral end plate lysis was not an initial radiographic feature but was evident in follow-up radiographs. Ultrasonographic and transverse, multiformatted, volume-rendered CT images were obtained for 5 and 4 dogs, respectively. Ultrasonographic changes included ventrally bulging hypoechoic material at the affected disk site and loss of typical normal reverberation artifact in 4 dogs; these were detected prior to radiographic changes in 2 dogs. Affected disks on volume-rendered CT images had altered coloration in 3 of 4 dogs, and this was identified prior to radiographic changes in 1 dog.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Juvenile dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of diskospondylitis had early imaging findings that were atypical, compared with the changes described for adult dogs with this condition.
Leigh syndrome: A rare mitochondrial disorder
Authors: Kundu Gopen Kumar , Akhter Amina , Akhter Shaheen , Rhaman Md. Mizanur 
Published: August 2016

Leigh syndrome is a rare, mitochondrial disorder of childhood . In most cases dysfunction of the respiratory chain enzymes is responsible for the disease. Raised lactate levels in blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid is noted. Magnetic resonance imaging showing characteristic symmetrical necrotic lesions in the basal ganglia and/or brain stem that leads to the appropriate diagnosis. Here, we report a case of progressive neurologic disorders presenting with motor and intellectual regression which on MRI was diagnosed as Leigh syndrome.
Binding as Co-indexing vs. Binding as Movement: Evidence from Personal Datives
Authors: Haddad Youssef A. 
Published: August 2016

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:Personal dative constructions (PDCs) are problematic from a syntactic perspective because they seem to violate Condition B of Binding Theory without leading to ungrammaticality. Condition B states that a pronoun should be locally free. Therefore, by allowing a pronoun to be coreferential with a local c-commanding antecedent, PDCs are expected to induce a violation, but they don’t. How can syntactic theory account for these facts in a principled way? I explore two approaches, focusing on Southern American English and Lebanese Arabic, both of which indicate that PDCs fall outside the constraints of Binding Theory, which explains why their realization as free pronouns does not lead to ungrammaticality.
Do Sighs Matter? Interactional Perspectives on Sighing
Authors: Hoey Elliott 
Published: August 2016

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:Why do we sigh? The consensus on sighing as a physiological phenomenon regards it as important for restoring healthy variability to the respiratory system, specifically effecting lung compliance (Caro et al. 1960) and restoring the chemical properties of gas exchange (Cherniack et al. 1981). The psychological literature embarks from these accounts to link respiratory characteristics to psychological states, finding that sighs are produced in both positive (Keefe and Block 1982, Wuyts et al. 2011) and negative emotional states (Hirose 2000, Vlemincx et al. 2009). This research suggests that the physiological and psychological functions of sighing are intertwined since respiratory patterns are generally related to emotions (Boiten et al. 1994 [above references via Vlemincx et al. 2009]). By only focusing on the phenomenon as it occurs at the individual level, however, these studies ignore the social function that sighs may play. In treating them as acts performed in solitude, in other words, such studies assume sighs to be involuntary reflexes of private internal states. Cursory reflection would reveal, however, that the production of a sigh in conversation may be consequential for the interaction. Furthermore, in contrast to largely involuntary respiratory acts like yawning or sneezing, sighing is wholly manipulable, which suggests that its occurrence in interaction may be purposeful. In this preliminary report, I examine natural interactional data containing tokens of sighs to observe and describe the ways in which sighs may manifest as social action.
The Topic-Comment Structure in Copular Sentences: Evidence from Wolof
Authors: Martinović Martina 
Published: August 2016

This paper investigates the syntax of information structure of Double-DP copular sentences in Wolof, a Niger-Congo language spoken primarily in Senegal. English copular sentences of the structure DP be DP are classiﬁed into several types. The most discussed distinction is the one between predicational sentences and speciﬁcational sentences. The two sentences differ in several ways. First, while the post-copular DP (DP2) in a predicational sentence predicates a certain property of a discourse referent es-tablished by the pre-copular DP (DP1), in a speciﬁcational sentence DP2 provides a value for a variable introduced by DP1. Furthermore, it is proposed that different copular sentences are associated with different information-structural properties. In particular, speciﬁcational sentences are claimed to obligatorily focus the post-copular constituent (Higgins 1979; Declerck 1988; Mikkelsen 2005, etc.), while predicational sentences carry no such requirements.
Measuring Linguistic Distance in Athapaskan
Authors: Snoek Conor , Cox Christopher 
Published: August 2016

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:Since the last attempts to establish sub-grouping in Athapaskan (cf. Mithun 1999), the field has benefited from a wider availability of data through published grammars, dictionaries, and articles, as well the greater ease of accessibility to digital archives containing field notes and other relevant primary materials. Additionally, computer-aided techniques of data analysis have been developed, making it possible to treat larger sets of data and more readily visualize these data with graphs and maps. Here, we present the results of applying statistical clustering and mapping techniques in grouping Athapaskan languages on the basis of phonological similarity. We want to argue for the usefulness of applying such techniques to Athapaskan, and point toward future work that will integrate greater and more varied bodies of data that we believe will lead to a reliable sub-grouping of Athapaskan languages and bring greater understanding of the history of the Athapaskan-speaking peoples.
Clitics and Voicing in Dutch
Authors: Tellings Jos 
Published: August 2016

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:This paper considers the interaction of voicing processes and clitic attachment in Dutch. This forms a challenge to phonological theories since clitic attachment shows opaque interaction with ﬁnal devoicing, and in addition voice assimilation in cliticized structures is subject to variation. I propose a two-level Optimality Theory (OT) analysis (Prince and Smolensky 1993, Kiparsky 2000) of these data, in which the existence of two levels can han-dle the opaque interaction, and a combination of prosodic structure constraints and segmental constrains accounts for the attested variation.
Sensory Patterns, Obesity, and Physical Activity Participation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Lawson Lisa Mische , Foster Lauren 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Obesity is a public health concern for the population in general and for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) specifically. The purpose of this study was to understand relationships between sensory patterns, obesity, and physical activity engagement of children with ASD (N = 77) sampled from a specialized community-based swimming program. This retrospective correlational study analyzed program data. Results show that almost half (42.2%) of the children were overweight or obese, and sensory avoiding behaviors were related to higher body mass index (BMI). Children participated in few formal and informal physically active recreation activities. Sensory seeking behaviors were associated with increased participation in informal activities, and higher BMI was associated with less participation in both formal and informal activities. Practitioners should consider sensory processing patterns and BMI when developing community-based programs to promote physical activity of children with ASD.
Boundary layer evolution over the central Himalayas from radio wind profiler
and model simulations
Authors: Singh Narendra , Solanki Raman , Ojha Narendra , Janssen Ruud H. H. , Pozzer Andrea , Dhaka Surendra K. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. We investigate the time evolution of the Local Boundary Layer (LBL) for the first time over a mountain ridge at Nainital (79.5° E, 29.4° N, 1958 m a.m.s.l.) in the central Himalayan region, using a radar wind profiler (RWP) during November 2011 to March 2012, as a part of the Ganges Valley Aerosol Experiment (GVAX). We restrict our analysis to clear–sunny days, resulting in a total of 78 days of observations. The standard criterion of the peak in the signal-to-noise ratio (S ∕ N) profile was found to be inadequate in the characterization of mixed layer (ML) top at this site. Therefore, we implemented a criterion of S ∕ N > 6 dB for the characterization of the ML and the resulting estimations are shown to be in agreement with radiosonde measurements over this site. The daytime average (05:00–10:00 UTC) observed boundary layer height ranges from 440 ± 197 m in November (late autumn) to 766 ± 317 m above ground level (a.g.l.) in March (early spring). The observations revealed a pronounced impact of mountain topography on the LBL dynamics during March, when strong winds (> 5.6 m s−1) lead to LBL heights of 650 m during nighttime. The measurements are further utilized to evaluate simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. WRF simulations captured the day-to-day variations up to an extent (r2 = 0.5), as well as the mean diurnal variations (within 1σ variability). The mean biases in the daytime average LBL height vary from −7 % (January) to +30 % (February) between model and observations, except during March (+76 %). Sensitivity simulations using a mixed layer model (MXL/MESSy) indicated that the springtime overestimation of LBL would lead to a minor uncertainty in simulated surface ozone concentrations. However, it would lead to a significant overestimation of the dilution of black carbon aerosols at this site. Our work fills a gap in observations of local boundary layer over this complex terrain in the Himalayas, and highlights the need for year-long simultaneous measurements of boundary layer dynamics and air quality to better understand the role of lower tropospheric dynamics in pollution transport.
Toward a Husserlian Foundation of Aesthetics: On Imagination, Phantasy, and Image Consciousness in the 1904/1905 Lectures
Authors: Katz Azul Tamina 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
While it is true that Husserl did not write systematically about aesthetics, it is not only possible and legitimate but also necessary to inquire how a Husserlian aesthetic consciousness could be understood. A closer consideration of the aesthetics that can be gleaned from the passages in which Husserl explicitly refers to artistic experiences shows a limitation of the aesthetic field to figurative art. To widen and enrich the aesthetic field beyond the experiences that such an aesthetics would account for, a shift of perspective is required. But to allow this change without leaving Husserl's phenomenology, I consider in this article the outcome of analyzing this field of experiences from phantasy's perspective instead of that of image consciousness.
Renaud Barbaras and Michel Henry: A Contemporary Debate on the Status of Affectivity and a Farewell to the “Flesh of the World”
Authors: Seyler Frédéric 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
In the contemporary phenomenological debate, Henry's and Barbaras's phenomenologies of life differ in the respective meanings given to life as affectivity: immanent affectivity for Henry, desire for Barbaras. However, Henry's and Barbaras's joint critique of the Merleau-Pontian concept of “flesh of the world” suggests that their phenomenologies of life might be more compatible with each other than it seems at first. This thesis is further supported by the shared idea of a unity of affectivity and intentionality. Thus, the wider perspective should be to think of analyses of “drive” and desire as being complementary, not mutually exclusive.
Traitors in Love: The Spanish Civil War Romance Novel in Jewish North America
Authors: Sharpe Emily Robins 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The essay examines a series of male-authored North American romance novels set in the midst of the Spanish Civil war, to argue that their common plots of cross-cultural love—between North American gentile soldiers and European women—represent a Popular Front political allegory. Furthermore, Canadian Jewish novelists adapted this internationalist romance trope, bringing together the global comradeship rhetoric of the Popular Front, the gendered nationalism of unification novels, and the problematic absorption of ethnic markers in Canadian civilizing plots and Jewish assimilation narratives alike. In particular, I look at two Canadian Jewish writers, Ted Allan and Charles Yale Harrison, to argue that their novels reveal the masculinist whitewashing tendencies of patriotic romance fiction. By subverting heteronormative Euro-American depictions of international love as inevitably disastrous, authors like Allan and Harrison imagine a broader definition of citizenship, one that accounts for religious and ethnic diversity as well as for class-based identification. My essay elucidates how Canadian writings about Spain are situated at the intersection of decolonizing identity and cosmopolitan leftism—a narrative that complicates our understanding of the leftist internationalist literature the Spanish conflict inspired. In their response to a very particular moment—of Canadian, North American, and Spanish social flux; and of Jewish migration and mainstreaming—Canadian Jewish novelists display an early attempt to articulate a national identity at once patriotic and cosmopolitan.
“I am still there”: The Recreation of Jewish Poland in the Canadian Novels of Chava Rosenfarb
Authors: Morgentaler Goldie 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
All three of Chava Rosenfarb’s novels are set in Poland, despite the fact that they were written in Canada, where the author lived most of her life. Rosenfarb, a Holocaust survivor and one of the major Yiddish writers of the second half of the twentieth century, returned to her native Poland only once after the war. Yet Poland, and especially the city of Lodz, where she was born and raised, lived on in her imagination and are the focus of all her longer fiction. This essay examines the theme of Jewish-Polish relations as they are expressed in Rosenfarb’s fiction, in particular in the novels The Tree of Life: A Trilogy of Life in the Lodz Ghetto and Bociany.