bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essence, accident et nécessité : la notion de par soi chez Averroès
Authors: Cerami Cristina 
Published: May 2016

La notion de « par soi » (καθ’ αὑτό) fait partie des éléments clés de l’ontologie et de l’épistémologie aristotéliciennes. Nulle part, toutefois, Aristote n’en fournit une étude systématique, au point que l’on voit mal l’articulation de ses différentes acceptions et le sens même du projet général dans lequel cette notion est inscrite. La présente étude se propose d’étudier l’interprétation qu’Averroès fournit de cette notion dans son Grand Commentaire des Analytiques Postérieurs . En traduisant pour la première fois dans une langue moderne de longs extraits de ce commentaire, on montrera la place centrale que cette notion occupe dans la théorie scientifique du Cordouan et notamment dans sa théorie de la démonstration du signe .
Du duo au quatuor
Authors: Favre Dragana 
Published: May 2016

Les grossesses simultanées de la thérapeute et de la patiente sont un catalyseur puissant pour les processus de transfert et contre-transfert. L’espace psychothérapeutique est habité par des interactions complexes : deux bébés dans le ventre de leur mère, deux mères en relation thérapeutique intense. La transparence psychique est bidirectionnelle et la neutralité de la psychothérapeute est compromise. Au milieu de ce brouillard émotionnel, les questions du désir d’enfant, de l’identité et de l’autonomie se croisent.
La violence en psychothérapie, les psychothérapies sur le « ring »
Authors: Nguimfack Léonard 
Published: May 2016

En suivant la voie ouverte par Nicolas Duruz, nous avons mené une réflexion sur le débat violent qui anime le monde des psychothérapies aujourd’hui, afin de proposer quelques solutions. Un pan a été également ouvert sur la violence en pratique, et nous y avons présenté deux prototypes de violence : une violence qualifiée d’utile et une autre dite destructrice. En effet, il paraît que la violence, surtout positive, est intrinsèque à toute pratique psychothérapique et que la violence négative serait le fait des pratiques des psychothérapeutes ignares, mal formés ou non formés du tout. Cette dernière inclurait les « réactions thérapeutiques négatives » souvent observées chez certains patients.
Association between rs9930506 polymorphism of the fat mass & obesity-associated (FTO) gene & onset of obesity in Polish adults
Authors: Wrzosek Małgorzata , Zakrzewska Anna , Ruczko Lech , Jabłonowska-Lietz Beata , Nowicka Grażyna 
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:
The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is known to be associated with obesity. However, no data are available on the relation between FTO rs9930506 polymorphism and obesity in Polish population. The aim of this study was to evaluate an association between rs9930506 variants of the FTO gene and obesity in Polish adults.

Methods:
The study group consisted of 442 adults, aged 33.9 ±12.7 yr, with mean BMI 27.2 ± 5.4 kg/m2. The following variables were determined for each subject: fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Real-time PCR was used to detect the A/G alleles of the rs9939506 polymorphism in the FTO gene. An association between the rs9930506 polymorphism and obesity was determined using codominant, dominant, and recessive models. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated to determine the risk of obesity associated with this polymorphism.

Results:
It was observed that the presence of FTO rs9939506 G allele was associated with increased risk for obesity and this association was found significant in both recessive (OR = 1.72, P = 0.014) and co-dominant (OR = 1.36, P = 0.031) models of inheritance. The FTO rs9939506 GG homozygotes had a significantly higher BMI than those with other genotypes.

Interpretation & conclusions:
This study shows that FTO rs9939506 GG genotype is related to higher BMI and is associated with obesity in Polish adults.
Spared nerve injury model to study orofacial pain
Authors: Pozza Daniel Humberto , Castro-Lopes José Manuel , Neto Fani Lourença , Avelino António 
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:
There are many difficulties in generating and testing orofacial pain in animal models. Thus, only a few and limited models that mimic the human condition are available. The aim of the present research was to develop a new model of trigeminal pain by using a spared nerve injury (SNI) surgical approach in the rat face (SNI-face).

Methods:
Under anaesthesia, a small incision was made in the infraorbital region of adult male Wistar rats. Three of the main infraorbital nerve branches were tightly ligated and a 2 mm segment distal to the ligation was resected. Control rats were sham-operated by exposing the nerves. Chemical hyperalgesia was evaluated 15 days after the surgery by analyzing the time spent in face grooming activity and the number of head withdrawals in response to the orofacial formalin test.

Results:
SNI-face rats presented a significant increase of the formalin-induced pain-related behaviours evaluated both in the acute and tonic phases (expected biphasic pattern), in comparison to sham controls.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The SNI-face model in the rat appears to be a valid approach to evaluate experimental trigeminal pain. Ongoing studies will test the usefulness of this model to evaluate therapeutic strategies for the treatment of orofacial pain.
Comparison of body composition in persons with epilepsy on conventional & new antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Sarangi Sudhir Chandra , Tripathi Manjari , Kakkar Ashish Kumar , Gupta Yogendra Kumar 
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:
Certain antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as valproic acid (VPA) are known to affect body weight, and lipid profile. However, evidences regarding effects of AEDs on the body composition are deficient. This cross-sectional study compared the body composition and lipid profile among patients with epilepsy on newer and conventional AEDs.

Methods:
The patients with epilepsy (n=109) on treatment with conventional and newer AEDs (levetiracetam, lamotrigine and clobazam) for > 6 months were enrolled. Of these, 70 were on monotherapy: levetiracetam (n=12), VPA (n=16), carbamazepine (n=20) and phenytoin (n=22) and the remaining on polytherapy. Their body composition [body fat mass, lean dry mass (LDM), total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) was estimated and biochemical parameters were assessed.

Results:
Levetiracetam group had no significant difference with VPA, carbamazepine, phenytoin and control groups, except low LDM (17.8±2.4) than VPA groups (20.2±2.7, P<0.05). In comparison with control, AEDs monotherapy groups had no significant difference, except higher LDM and ECW in VPA group. Among groups based on conventional and newer AEDs, there was no significant difference in body composition parameters except for higher LDM (as % of BW) in conventional AEDs only treated group than control (P<0.01).

Interpretation & conclusions:
The alterations observed in body composition with valproic acid in contrast to other AEDs like levetiracetam, carbamazepine and phenytoin could affect treatment response in epilepsy especially in subjects with already altered body composition status like obese and thin frail patients, which needs to be established by prospective studies (CTRI/2013/05/003701).
A study on pre-XDR & XDR tuberculosis & their prevalent genotypes in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in north India
Authors: Singhal Parul , Dixit Pratima , Singh Pooja , Jaiswal Indu , Singh Mastan , Jain Amita 
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:
Pre-extensively drug resistant (pre-XDR) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) have been areas of growing concern, and are posing threat to global efforts of TB control. The present study was planned to study the presence of pre-XDR and XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their genotypes in clinical isolates obtained from previously treated cases of pulmonary TB.

Methods:
A total of 219 isolates obtained from previously treated cases of pulmonary TB were subjected to first-line (streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol) and second-line (ofloxacin, kanamycin, capreomycin and amikacin) drug susceptibility testing on solid Lowenstein-Jensen medium by proportion method. Genotyping was done for pre-XDR and XDR-TB isolates using 12 loci Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR).

Results:
Multi-drug resistance was observed in 39.7 per cent (87/219) isolates. Pre-XDR and XDR M. tuberculosis isolates amongst 87 multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB isolates were 43 (49.4%) and 10 (11.4%), respectively. Two most dominant genotypes among pre-XDR and XDR M. tuberculosis isolates were Beijing and Delhi/CAS types.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Resistance to second-line anti-tubercular drugs should be routinely assessed in areas endemic for TB. Similar genotype patterns were seen in pre-XDR and XDR-TB isolates. Beijing and Delhi/CAS were predominant genotypes.
Emergence of vanA gene among vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a tertiary care hospital of North - East India
Authors: Phukan Chimanjita , Lahkar Mangala , Ranotkar Swapnil , Saikia Kandarpa K. 
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become one of the most challenging nosocomial pathogens with the rapid spread of the multi-drug resistant strain with limited therapeutic options. It is a matter of concern due to its ability to transfer vancomycin resistant gene to other organisms. The present study was undertaken to determine the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and the vanA gene among the isolates in a tertiary care hospital of North-East India.

Methods:
A total of 67 consecutive enterococcal isolates from different clinical samples were collected and identified by using the standard methods. Antibiogram was done by disk diffusion method and VRE was screened by the disk diffusion and vancomycin supplement agar dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value for vancomycin was determined by E-test. The VRE isolates were analyzed by PCR for vanA gene.

Results:
A total of 54 (81%) Enterococcus faecalis and 13 (19%) E. faecium were detected among the clinical isolates and 16 (24%) were VRE. The VRE isolates were multidrug resistant and linezolid resistance was also found to be in three. MIC range to vancomycin was 16-32 µg/ml among the VRE. The vanA gene was found in nine of 16 VRE isolates.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Emergence of VRE and presence of vanA in a tertiary care hospital setting in North-East India indicate toward a need for implementing infection control policies and active surveillance.
Methicillin resistance & inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ghosh Soumyadeep , Banerjee Mandira 
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates with inducible clindamycin resistance (iCR) are resistant to erythromycin and sensitive to clindamycin on routine testing and inducible clindamycin resistance can only be identified by D-test. This study was aimed to detect methicillin resistance and iCR among S. aureus isolates, effectiveness of some commonly used antibiotics and correlation between methicillin resistance and iCR.

Methods:
The present cross-sectional study included 46 S. aureus isolates subjected to Kirby-Bauer's disk diffusion method for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) to estimate MRSA and resistance to some commonly used antibiotics. D-test was employed to detect iCR.

Results:
Eleven of the 46 (23.9%) isolates tested were MRSA. Overall, 19 (41.3%) isolates showed of iCR. Vancomycin and linezolid were found to be 100 per cent effective. A positive Karl-Pearson's coefficient of correlation (0.89) between methicillin resistance and iCR was obtained.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Detection of iCR is important for the use of clindamycin in MRSA infections. Methicillin resistance and iCR appear to be clinically unrelated.
An automated nowcasting model of significant instability events in the flight terminal area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: França Gutemberg Borges , de Almeida Manoel Valdonel , Rosette Alessana C. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. This paper presents a novel model, based on neural network techniques, to produce short-term and local-specific forecasts of significant instability for flights in the terminal area of Galeão Airport, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Twelve years of data were used for neural network training/validation and test. Data are originally from four sources: (1) hourly meteorological observations from surface meteorological stations at five airports distributed around the study area; (2) atmospheric profiles collected twice a day at the meteorological station at Galeão Airport; (3) rain rate data collected from a network of 29 rain gauges in the study area; and (4) lightning data regularly collected by national detection networks. An investigation was undertaken regarding the capability of a neural network to produce early warning signs – or as a nowcasting tool – for significant instability events in the study area. The automated nowcasting model was tested using results from five categorical statistics, indicated in parentheses in forecasts of the first, second, and third hours, respectively, namely proportion correct (0.99, 0.97, and 0.94), BIAS (1.10, 1.42, and 2.31), the probability of detection (0.79, 0.78, and 0.67), false-alarm ratio (0.28, 0.45, and 0.73), and threat score (0.61, 0.47, and 0.25). Possible sources of error related to the test procedure are presented and discussed. The test showed that the proposed model (or neural network) can grab the physical content inside the data set, and its performance is quite encouraging for the first and second hours to nowcast significant instability events in the study area.
Entretejimientos y urdimbres. Transiciones políticas de un concepto desgarrado donde la razón se bifurca
Authors: Guzmán Adriana 
Published: May 2016

Reseña: DÍAZ CRUZ, Rodrigo, 2014. Los lugares de lo político, los desplazamientos del símbolo. Poder y simbolismo en la obra de Victor W. Turner, Gedisa/UAM, México.
La sélection des idées prometteuses dans le discours collectif d’élèves du primaire
Authors: Boutin Pier-Ann , Hamel Christine , Laferrière Thérèse 
Published: May 2016

Cette étude traite principalement des usages d’un outil permettant la sélection d’idées prometteuses (IPROM) dans le discours collectif par des élèves du 2e cycle et 3e cycle du primaire lors de deux projets vécus en collaboration en réseau. Ces projets portaient sur la rédaction d’un texte informatif en français sur le thème du Moyen Âge et la conception d’une balle en science et technologie. Les élèves ont décrit leur usage de l’outil IPROM pour la sélection des idées prometteuses comme étant surtout au bénéfice de l’individuel, mais ils ont aussi mentionné que cet outil les aidait dans l’élaboration d’un discours collectif. De plus, les façons de contribuer au discours sélectionnées comme étant des idées prometteuses sont majoritairement énoncées comme des théories, des idées des élèves à approfondir. L’utilisation de l’outil IPROM en classe permettrait donc aux élèves du primaire d’entrer dans un processus de coélaboration de connaissances.
L’organisation au service des droits des travailleurs migrants : le militantisme transnational à Singapour et en Malaisie
Authors: Lyons Lenore 
Published: May 2016

La mondialisation marque un point charnière dans l’action des militants féministes et des organisations non gouvernementales. À la faveur d’une participation à des réseaux de lobbying transnationaux et d’alliances avec des organisations non gouvernementales internationales, des organisations féministes et des organisations vouées à la défense des droits des femmes, locales et nationales, se sont converties à de nouvelles formes de militantisme transnational. Cependant, il est une question qui n’a que très peu retenu l’attention des chercheurs dans le domaine de l’organisation féministe transnationale : c’est celle du lien entre le militantisme transnational et les théories qui sous-tendent les féminismes transnationaux. Bien que ceux-ci formulent une critique radicale de la mondialisation, à la fois antiraciste et anticapitaliste, peu de chercheurs se sont penchés sur la façon dont les féminismes transnationaux se transposent en pratiques militantes. En étudiant deux cas d’organisations vouées à la défense des droits des travailleuses migrantes, à Singapour et en Malaisie, le présent article examine les multiples sens du terme « militantisme féministe transnational ». En faisant la distinction entre le concept d’organisation transnationale d’une part, et celui de cadre de référence transnational de l’autre, le présent article vise à clarifier les différents concepts associés aux féminismes transnationaux.
Particle recognition in microfluidic applications using a template matching algorithm
Authors: Girault Mathias , Odaka Masao , Kim Hyonchol , Matsuura Kenji , Terazono Hideyuki , Yasuda Kenji 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We herein examined the ability of a template matching algorithm to recognize particles with diameters ranging from 1 to 20 µm in a microfluidic channel. The algorithm consisted of measurements of the distance between the templates and the images captured with a high-speed camera in order to search for the presence of the desired particle. The results obtained indicated that the effects of blur and diffraction rings observed around the particle are important phenomena that limit the recognition of a target. Owing to the effects of diffraction rings, the distance between a template and an image is not exclusively linked to the position of the focus plane; it is also linked to the size of the particle being searched for. By using a set of three templates captured at different Z focuses and an 800× magnification, the template matching algorithm has the ability to recognize beads ranging in diameter from 1.7 to 20 µm with a resolution between 0.3 and 1 µm.
In situ ellipsometry of Cu surfaces immersed in benzotriazole–hydrogen peroxide solutions
Authors: Kondoh Eiichi , Kawakami Tatsuya , Watanabe Mitsuhiro , Jin Lianhua , Hamada Satomi , Shima Shohei , Hiyama Hirokuni 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of Cu, the Cu surface is oxidized and is concurrently removed by the mechanical function of an abrasive. Surface oxidation can lead to severe surface corrosion, and to prevent this, a corrosion inhibitor is added to slurries. Accurate understanding of the competition between oxidation and passivation is essential for advanced Cu CMP technologies. In this work, layer formation on clean Cu surfaces in benzotriazole (BTA), H2O2, and BTA–H2O2 aqueous solutions was studied by in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. Time changes of ellipsometric parameters are discussed with respect to BTA and H2O2 concentrations. It was found that the BTA adsorbs onto the Cu surface and the adsorbed BTA transforms into a Cu–BTA complex in about 3 min after the onset of adsorption. The BTA/complex layer passivates the Cu surface against oxidation by H2O2.
Improved battery performance using Pd nanoparticles synthesized on the surface of LiFePO4/C by ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Saliman Muhammad Ali , Okawa Hirokazu , Takai Misaki , Ono Yuki , Kato Takahiro , Sugawara Katsuyasu , Sato Mineo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
LiFePO4 has been attracting interest as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries due to its high energy density, low cost, and eco-friendliness. The electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 is limited because it exhibits low Li-ion diffusivity and low electronic conductivity. Numerous solutions have been considered, such as carbon coating, which is widely known to improve the electronic conductivity of LiFePO4. The deposition of metal nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of carbon-coated LiFePO4 further enhances the electronic conductivity. In this study, we deposited Pd NPs onto the surface of LiFePO4/C and investigated the resulting electrochemical performance. Sonochemical synthesis was used to prepare the metal NPs; the procedure did not require any surfactants and the reaction was rapid.
Synthesis of 2H‐Indazoles via Tandem Palladium‐Catalyzed Deacylative Cross‐Coupling and Denitrogenative Cyclization of 2‐Iodoazoarenes and 2‐Iodoaryltriazenes with Acyldiazoacetates in One‐Pot
Authors: Yong Woo‐Soon , Park Sangjune , Yun Hyunsik , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA synthetic method to prepare a wide range of 2H‐indazoles was developed via a tandem palladium‐catalyzed deacylative cross‐coupling reaction of 2‐iodoazoarenes and 2‐iodoaryltriazenes with acyldiazoacetates and denitrogenative cyclization reaction of in situ generated diazoacetates having azoaryl and triazenylaryl moieties in one‐pot. Additionally, azoaryl‐substituted diazoacetates underwent palladium‐catalyzed denitrogenative cyclization to produce 2H‐indazoles. The present reaction is a good example in which a Pd(0)‐catalyst is involved in two catalytic cycles in one‐pot.magnified image
Gas‐Phase Synthesis of 1‐Silacyclopenta‐2,4‐diene
Authors: Yang Tao , Dangi Beni B. , Thomas Aaron M. , Sun Bing‐Jian , Chou Tzu‐Jung , Chang Agnes H. H. , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSilole (1‐silacyclopenta‐2,4‐diene) was synthesized for the first time by the bimolecular reaction of the simplest silicon‐bearing radical, silylidyne (SiH), with 1,3‐butadiene (C4H6) in the gas phase under single‐collision conditions. The absence of consecutive collisions of the primary reaction product prevents successive reactions of the silole by Diels–Alder dimerization, thus enabling the clean gas‐phase synthesis of this hitherto elusive cyclic species from acyclic precursors in a single‐collision event. Our method opens up a versatile and unconventional path to access a previously rather obscure class of organosilicon molecules (substituted siloles), which have been difficult to access through classical synthetic methods.
PLAGL1 epimutation and bladder exstrophy: Coincidence or concurrent etiology?
Authors: Kolarova Julia , Bens Susanne , Ammerpohl Ole , Hilger Alina C. , Zhang Rong , Reutter Heiko , Siebert Reiner 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe bladder exstrophy‐epispadias complex (BEEC) is characterized by a spectrum of genitourinary malformations. Both classical bladder exstrophy and the most severe phenotype, exstrophy of the cloaca, display omphaloceles, a cardinal anomaly of some disorders caused by altered imprinting. Therefore, we hypothesized that BEEC in some patients could occur on the basis of an undiagnosed imprinting disorder. Such altered imprinting is associated with changes in the parent‐of‐origin‐specific DNA methylation.MethodsWe analyzed the DNA methylation of 54 imprinted loci in 23 selected patients with different BEEC subtypes (epispadias n = 1, classical bladder exstrophy n = 10, exstrophy of the cloaca n = 12) using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. A total of 471,722 not imprinted autosomal CpG loci and 891 imprinted CpG loci were investigated. Findings were corroborated by methylation‐specific‐multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MS‐MLPA) and microsatellite analysis.ResultsNo significant differences in the DNA methylation of the not imprinted and imprinted CpG were observed depending on subtype of BEEC. Nevertheless, in 1 of the 23 patients who displayed a classical bladder exstrophy, we detected hypomethylation of the imprinted PLAGL1 locus in chromosome 6q24. We verified this hypomethylation by MS‐MLPA and showed further the methylation loss to be caused most likely by a mosaic epimutation.ConclusionConsidering that it is highly unlikely to detect a PLAGL1 epimutation among 23 individuals given the low incidence of this alteration in the population, our observations further support a link between BEEC and imprinting disorders. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:724–728, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.