bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel in situ strategy for the preparation of a β‐cyclodextrin/polydopamine‐coated capillary column for capillary electrochromatography enantioseparations
Authors: Guo Heying , Niu Xiaoying , Pan Congjie , Yi Tao , Chen Hongli , Chen Xingguo 
Published: May 2017

Inspired by the chiral recognition ability of β‐cyclodextrin and the natural adhesive properties of polydopamine under alkaline conditions, in this study, a rapid and in situ modification strategy was developed to fabricate β‐cyclodextrin/polydopamine composite material coated‐capillary columns for open tubular capillary electrochromatography. The results of scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, streaming potential, and electro‐osmotic flow studies indicated that β‐cyclodextrin/polydopamine was successfully fixed on the inner wall of the capillary column. This coating can be achieved within 1 h affording a greatly reduced capillary preparation time. The performance of the β‐cyclodextrin/polydopamine‐coated capillary was validated by the analysis of seven pairs of chiral analytes, namely epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoprenaline, terbutaline, verapamil, tryptophane, carvedilol. Good enantioseparation efficiencies were achieved for all. For three consecutive runs, the relative standard deviations for the migration times of the analytes for intraday, interday, and column‐to‐column repeatability were in the range of 0.41–1.74, 1.03–4.18, and 1.66–8.24%, respectively. Moreover, the separation efficiency of the β‐cyclodextrin/polydopamine‐coated capillary column did not decrease obviously over 90 runs. The strategy should also be feasible to introduce and immobilize other chiral selectors on the inner walls surface of capillary columns.
Quantitative magnetization transfer ultrashort echo time imaging using a time‐efficient 3D multispoke Cones sequence
Authors: Ma Ya‐Jun , Chang Eric Y. , Carl Michael , Du Jiang 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo accelerate the quantitative ultrashort echo time imaging using a time‐efficient 3D multispoke Cones sequence with magnetization transfer (3D UTE‐Cones‐MT) and signal modeling.Theory and MethodsA 3D UTE‐Cones‐MT acquisition scheme with multispoke per MT preparation and a modified rectangular pulse (RP) approximation was developed for two‐pool MT modeling of macromolecular and water components including their relative fractions, relaxation times and exchange rates. Numerical simulation and cadaveric specimens, including human Achilles tendon and bovine cortical bone, were investigated using a clinical 3T scanner.ResultsNumerical simulation showed that the modified RP model provided accurate estimation of MT parameters when multispokes were acquired per MT preparation. For the experiment with the Achilles tendon and cortical bone samples, the macromolecular fractions were 20.4 ± 2.0% and 59.4 ± 5.3%, respectively.ConclusionThe 3D multispoke UTE‐Cones‐MT sequence can be used for fast volumetric assessment of macromolecular and water components in short T2 tissues. Magn Reson Med 79:692–700, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Fully automated atlas‐based method for prescribing 3D PRESS MR spectroscopic imaging: Toward robust and reproducible metabolite measurements in human brain
Authors: Bian Wei , Li Yan , Crane Jason C. , Nelson Sarah J. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo implement a fully automated atlas‐based method for prescribing 3D PRESS MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI).MethodsThe PRESS selected volume and outer‐volume suppression bands were predefined on the MNI152 standard template image. The template image was aligned to the subject T1‐weighted image during a scan, and the resulting transformation was then applied to the predefined prescription. To evaluate the method, H‐1 MRSI data were obtained in repeat scan sessions from 20 healthy volunteers. In each session, datasets were acquired twice without repositioning. The overlap ratio of the prescribed volume in the two sessions was calculated and the reproducibility of inter‐ and intrasession metabolite peak height and area ratios was measured by the coefficient of variation (CoV). The CoVs from intra‐ and intersession were compared by a paired t‐test.ResultsThe average overlap ratio of the automatically prescribed selection volumes between two sessions was 97.8%. The average voxel‐based intersession CoVs were less than 0.124 and 0.163 for peak height and area ratios, respectively. Paired t‐test showed no significant difference between the intra‐ and intersession CoVs.ConclusionThe proposed method provides a time efficient method to prescribe 3D PRESS MRSI with reproducible imaging positioning and metabolite measurements. Magn Reson Med 79:636–642, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
The decision‐making threshold and the factors that affect it: A qualitative study of patients' decision‐making in knee replacement surgery
Authors: Barlow T. , Scott P. , Thomson L. , Griffin D. , Realpe A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis is a significant cause of burden to the ageing population and knee replacement is a common operation for treatment of end‐stage disease. We aimed to explore these factors to help understand patients' decision‐making, which is critical in informing patient‐centred care. These can be used to enhance decision‐making and dialogue between clinicians and patients, allowing a more informed choice.MethodsThe study consisted of two focus groups, in a patient cohort after total knee replacement followed by more in‐depth interviews to further test and explore themes from the focus groups, in patients in either the deliberation stage or the decision‐making stage.ResultsUsing qualitative research methods (iterative thematic analysis) reviewing decision‐making and deliberation phases of making informed choices we found nine key themes that emerged from the study groups.ConclusionsAn awareness of the deliberation phase, the factors that influence it, the stress associated with it, preferred models of care, and the influence of the decision‐making threshold will aid useful communication between doctors and patients.
Ultrasonography‐detected subclinical inflammation in patients with hand osteoarthritis and established rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison between two different pathologies using the same ultrasound examination protocol
Authors: Hussain Sidra , Sivakumaran Priyanka , Gill Anna , Dhas Delfin , Ciurtin Coziana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesA recent review of ultrasound (US) studies in osteoarthritis (OA) showed very limited data about hand OA. Previous US studies in patients with OA described a degree of overlap between the US appearance of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and OA joints. The present study aimed to assess the US features of subclinical inflammation in RA and hand OA, using the same US examination protocol.MethodsA retrospective, cohort study compared patients with established RA (n = 224) and hand OA (n = 73), with respect to several demographic, clinical, laboratory and US parameters. We used a 22‐hand joint US examination protocol (wrists, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints bilaterally – Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials [OMERACT] scoring system) for all patients.ResultsSubclinical joint inflammation in the context of equivocal clinical examination was found in 9.6% of OA patients compared with 46.4% of RA patients (p = 0.0001), despite the fact that there was no significant difference between the degree of chronic joint swelling (synovial hypertrophy grades 2 and 3; p = 0.75 and p = 0.11, respectively). The presence of osteophytes was more common in patients with hand OA, as expected (p = 0.0001).ConclusionsOur study findings reflected differences between the incidence and characteristics of subclinical inflammation in patients with RA and OA, which could be helpful in patients with an equivocal clinical examination or history of both diseases. Almost one in 10 patients with hand OA had active synovitis, while almost one in two patients with RA had uncontrolled inflammation in at least one joint.
Synthesis and characterization of intrinsic high‐barrier polyimide derived from a novel diamine monomer containing rigid planar moiety
Authors: Liu Yi‐Wu , Huang Jie , Tan Jing‐Hua , Zeng Yi , Ding Qian , Xiang Xian‐Wei , Liu Yue‐Jun , Zhang Hai‐liang 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA new diamine monomer containing rigid planar fluorenone moiety, 2,7‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)‐9H‐fluoren‐9‐one, was synthesized through Suzuki coupling reaction. Then it was reacted with pyromellitic dianhydride to obtain a polyimide (FOPPI) via a conventional two‐step polymerization process. The prepared FOPPI exhibits excellent barrier properties, with the oxygen transmission rate and water vapor transmission rate low to 3.2 cm3·m−2·day−1 and 2.9 g·m−2·day−1, respectively. The results of wide angle X‐ray diffractograms, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the excellent barrier properties of FOPPI are mainly ascribed to the crystallinity, high chain rigidity, and low free volume, which are resulted from the rigid planar moiety. FOPPI also shows outstanding thermal stability and mechanical properties with a glass transition temperature up to 420 °C, 5% loss temperature of 607 °C, coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.28 ppm K−1, and tensile strength of 150.8 MPa. The polyimide has an attractive potential application prospect in the flexible electronics encapsulation area. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2373–2382
Moving to a better place? Residential mobility among families with young children in the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Gambaro Ludovica , Joshi Heather , Lupton Ruth 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper assesses how far residential moves can result in improvement or deterioration of the housing and neighbourhood circumstances for families with young children. It uses data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study concentrating on the time between infancy and age 5, 2001 to 2006. First, we ask which families moved home and in what circumstances. We then examine how moving changed several aspects of housing: space standards, damp problems, and tenure. We show that the majority of moves resulted in improvements to housing conditions, especially in reducing overcrowding. We also consider neighbourhood circumstances, proxied by a measure of local poverty at small‐area level. Movers generally ended up in neighbourhoods with lower levels of poverty, or no worse, but almost one fifth of moves were downward or remained in the 30 percent poorest areas. We ask whether locating in an area with more local poverty may help achieve a larger home. There is evidence of such a trade‐off—1 in 5 families moved to a larger home, which was either in a poorer area than before or remained in the 30 percent poorest areas. We conclude by showing how the path of upward housing mobility, while numerically dominant, was far less common among families with relatively low resources and whose moves were attendant on partnership changes. For them, moves often result in smaller homes in poorer areas.
Older migrants and (im)mobilities of Ageing: An introduction
Authors: Ciobanu Ruxandra Oana , Hunter Alistair 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis guest editorial introduces a special issue entitled “Older migrants: (im)mobilities of ageing.” The movement of people is a core concern of population geographers, and the last decade has witnessed a “mobilities turn.” This literature has given much attention to younger people who move, but thus far has largely ignored people who migrate in later life, or whose previous migrations significantly shape their present experiences of ageing. The articles in this special issue address this lacuna, drawing on different categories of older international migrants to and from various European countries. More specifically, the special issue's ambition is to respond to 2 questions. What added value does the “new mobilities paradigm” contribute to the study of older migrants, who may have migrated long ago or be less mobile today than in the past? And conversely, what added value does studying older migrants contribute to the mobilities paradigm? While acknowledging earlier critiques of this paradigm, we contend that the mobilities perspective helps to elucidate the experiences of older migrants, through its insistence on the capacity for mobility—whether physical, virtual, communicative, or imaginative—at diverse scales, including but certainly not limited to international cross‐border moves. Mobility thus conceived is an important but neglected factor for older people to achieve better quality of life. We also argue that research with older migrants offers rich potential for refining the mobilities paradigm, for example, in terms of “mobility regimes” governing access to health care and social protection, to which older migrants may be particularly exposed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyzing Teachers’ Use of Metadiscourse: The Missing Element in Classroom Discourse Analysis
Authors: Tang Kok‐Sing 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTMetadiscourse, or metatalk, is a discursive resource used in virtually any text or conversation to organize its content or signal the author's stance toward the content. Despite its prevalence in classroom talk, few have examined the role of metadiscourse and how it assists teachers and students to manage classroom communication of scientific knowledge. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze how science teachers use metadiscourse to construct scientific knowledge with their students. Based on a corpus of classroom video data, I developed a typology of metadiscourse commonly found in science classroom discourse. The typology comprises six major categories of metadiscourse, namely text connective, knowledge connective, activity connective, attitude marker, epistemology marker, and interpretive marker. In addition, I showed how the analysis on metadiscourse was necessary to complement the gaps from classroom analysis focusing on the interaction and content development aspects of classroom talk, particularly during the opening and reviewing stages of constructing a scientific explanation. With a better understanding of metadiscourse, its potential use as a pedagogical intervention to promote science learning is then discussed.
Temporality of Emotion: Antecedent and Successive Variants of Frustration When Learning Chemistry
Authors: King Donna , Ritchie Stephen M. , Sandhu Maryam , Henderson Senka , Boland Ben 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTLearning science in the middle years can be an emotional experience. In this study, we explored ninth‐grade students’ discrete emotions expressed during science activities in a 9‐week unit on chemistry. Individual student's emotions were analyzed through multiple data sources including classroom videos, interviews, and emotions diaries completed at the end of each lesson. Results from three representative students are presented as cases within a case study. Using a theoretical perspective drawn from theories of emotions founded in sociology, three assertions emerged. First, students experienced frustration when learning new chemistry concepts. Second, frustration was resolved through student–student and teacher–student interactions. Third, frustration was transformed when students were afforded time to revisit new concepts. Furthermore, the teacher's identification of students’ emotions enabled differentiation of learning through individualized interactions. Finally, we explain how the temporality of emotions emerged as an important phenomenon and suggest an elaboration to Turner's theorization of emotions.
Some Enlightenment on Stakeholder Engagement: An Inquiry into Sustainable Development Disparity and Its Drivers in CHINA'S Two Leading Economic Zones
Authors: Tan Feifei , Jiang Xiangjun , Lu Zhaohua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNot only accumulating more social outcomes and avoiding worse environmental situations, but also mitigating sustainable development disparity, is an inevitable challenge for transitioning to sustainable development. Measurement of sustainable development disparity and identification of its drivers will be effective to enlighten the stakeholder engagement of sustainable development. In this paper, the inter‐provincial sustainable development disparity of China's two leading economic zones during the period 2001–2012 is presented from absolute and relative perspectives after evaluating the comprehensive sustainable development performance, and several convergence models are constructed to test whether the disparity tends to diverge. Furthermore, the constructed decomposition model of sustainable development disparity is applied to investigate the contributions between the BHR (Bohai Rim) and YRD (Yangtze River Delta), intra‐BHR and intra‐YRD, and then the drivers are revealed by multiple stepwise regression analyses. Results highlight the following: there is an evident inter‐provincial sustainable development disparity, and the conditional β‐convergence becomes faster as more structural factors are added gradually; the sustainable development disparity of BHR is higher than that of YRD in the period, and the inter‐BHR disparity makes great contributions (from 85.19% to 85.53%); such drivers can indicate an explicit direction for narrowing disparity (for instance, when one of the important indicators increases by 1%, the disparity of the economic subsystem and the whole sustainability system will reduce by 0.297% and 0.087%). Future policies and regulations to address sustainable development disparity are critical so as to promote sustainability management under the ‘equity and efficiency’ principle. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Impaired placentation in women with chronic hypertension who develop pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Panaitescu A.  M. , Akolekar R. , Kametas N. , Syngelaki A. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the degree of impaired placentation in women with and those without chronic hypertension (CH) who develop pre‐eclampsia (PE) in pregnancy.MethodsData were derived from prospective screening for adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with singleton pregnancy attending their first routine hospital visit at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. This visit included recording of maternal characteristics and medical history and measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI), serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A). The measured biomarkers were converted to multiples of the median (MoM) after adjustment for pregnancy characteristics. MoM values in women with CH who developed PE (n = 283) were compared to those of women without CH who developed PE (n = 2236).ResultsIn both groups with and without CH, measurements of MAP and UtA‐PI were increased, whereas those of PlGF and PAPP‐A were decreased and the deviation from normal in all biomarkers decreased with advancing gestational age at delivery with PE. There was no significant difference between women with and those without CH in the slope of the regression line of log10 MoM biomarker values against gestational age at delivery with PE for any of the biomarkers. However, there was a significant difference in the intercepts and coefficients of biomarkers in the two groups; compared to those without CH, MAP MoM, PlGF MoM and PAPP‐A MoM were higher and UtA‐PI MoM was lower in the CH group (all P < 0.01).ConclusionIn pregnancies that develop PE, the degree of impaired placentation, reflected in high UtA‐PI and low PlGF and PAPP‐A at 11–13 weeks' gestation, is less in women with CH than in those without CH. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Functional magnetic hybrid nanomaterials for biomedical diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Tian Xin , Zhang Lechuan , Yang Mo , Bai Lei , Dai Yiheng , Yu Zhiqiang , Pan Yue 
Published: May 2017

Magnetic nanomaterials integrating supplemental functional materials are called magnetic hybrid nanomaterials (MHNs). Such MHNs have drawn increasing attention due to their biocompatibility and the potential applications either as alternative contrast enhancing agents or effective heat nanomediators in hyperthermia therapy. The joint function comes from the hybrid nanostructures. Hybrid nanostructures of different modification can be easily achieved owing to the large surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio and sophisticated surface characteristic. In this focus article, we mainly discussed the design and synthesis of MHNs and their applications as multimodal imaging probes and therapy agents in biomedicine. These MHNs consisting magnetic nanomaterials with functional nanocomponents such as noble metal or isotopes could perform not only superparamagnetism but also features that can be adapted in, for example, enhancing computed tomography contrast modalities, positron emission tomography, and single‐photon emission computed tomography. The combination of several techniques provides more comprehensive information by both synergizing the advantages, such as quantitative evaluation, higher sensitivity and spatial resolution, and mitigating the disadvantages. Such hybrid nanostructures could also provide a unique nanoplatform for enhanced medical tracing, magnetic field, and light‐triggered hyperthermia. Moreover, potential advantages and opportunities will be achieved via a combination of diagnostic and therapeutic agents within a single platform, which is so‐called ‘theranostics.’ We expect the combination of unique structural characteristics and integrated functions of multicomponent magnetic hybrid nanomaterials will attract increasing research interest and could lead to new opportunities in nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2018, 10:e1476. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1476This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices