bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Describing Ion Exchange at Membrane Electrodes for Ions of Different Charge
Authors: Zdrachek Elena , Bakker Eric 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt is well‐documented in the literature that the Nikolsky‐Eisenman equation cannot accurately describe the equilibrium of ion exchange at membrane electrodes for ions of different charge. Despite this, unfortunately, it is still widely used owing to the complexity of the more rigorous formalism developed by Bakker et al. in 1994. Here, different available approaches are presented in a unified manner and compared. This includes two different approximations that are equally appropriate for cases of low level of interference where the extent of ion‐exchange is comparatively small, one of which is introduced here for the first time. The comparison also considers the permutated form of the Nikolsky‐Eisenman equation, where the primary ion is treated as the interfering ion and vice versa. As the permutated form gives a deviation from the thermodynamic model that is opposite that of the regular Nikolsky‐Eisenman equation, the two can be combined to give a semi‐empirical equation that is surprisingly close to the thermodynamic model and that comprises a single equation for any charge combination. The different choices presented here may be helpful to solve more complex theoretical problems, as for example in the modeling of the time dependence of the electrode response by numerical simulation where the interfacial step condition is a unique and difficult feature of the calculation.
How many proteins can be identified in a 2DE gel spot within an analysis of a complex human cancer tissue proteome?
Authors: Zhan Xianquan , Yang Haiyan , Peng Fang , Li Jianglin , Mu Yun , Long Ying , Cheng Tingting , Huang Yuda , Li Zhao , Lu Miaolong , Li Na , Li Maoyu , Liu Jianping , Jungblut Peter R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTwo‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) in proteomics is traditionally assumed to contain only one or two proteins in each 2DE spot. However, 2DE resolution is being complemented by the rapid development of high sensitivity mass spectrometers. Here we compared MALDI‐MS, LC‐Q‐TOF MS and LC‐Orbitrap Velos MS for the identification of proteins within one spot. With LC‐Orbitrap Velos MS each Coomassie Blue‐stained 2DE spot contained an average of at least 42 and 63 proteins/spot in an analysis of a human glioblastoma proteome and a human pituitary adenoma proteome, respectively, if a single gel spot was analyzed. If a pool of three matched gel spots was analyzed this number further increased up to an average of 230 and 118 proteins/spot for glioblastoma and pituitary adenoma proteome, respectively. Multiple proteins per spot confirm the necessity of isotopic labeling in large‐scale quantification of different protein species in a proteome. Furthermore, a protein abundance analysis revealed that most of the identified proteins in each analyzed 2DE spot were low‐abundance proteins. Many proteins were present in several of the analyzed spots showing the ability of 2DE‐MS to separate at the protein species level. Therefore, 2DE coupled with high‐sensitivity LC‐MS has a clearly higher sensitivity as expected until now to detect, identify and quantify low abundance proteins in a complex human proteome with an estimated resolution of about 500 000 protein species. This clearly exceeds the resolution power of bottom‐up LC‐MS investigations.
A Ceramic‐Based Separator for High‐Temperature Supercapacitors
Authors: Qin Bin , Han Yu , Ren Yuxin , Sui Dong , Zhou Ying , Zhang Miao , Sun Zhenhe , Ma Yanfeng , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCurrently, supercapacitors have the shortcoming of limited operation temperature mainly owing to the low thermal stability of separators, which seriously hinder their application at high temperatures. In this work, a simple and universal method for the fabrication of high‐temperature standing ceramic‐based separators is reported. It was demonstrated that such a separator can withstand over 350 °C without any shrinkage. Supercapacitors fabricated by using such separators can be operated at as high as 120 °C efficiently and even after 9000 cycles at 2.5 V operation voltage, their capacitance still retained approximately 88 % of their initial performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a separator with such high thermal stability.
Robotic photosieving from low‐cost multirotor sUAS: a proof‐of‐concept
Authors: Carbonneau P.E. , Bizzi S. , Marchetti G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMeasurement of riverbed material grain sizes is now a routine part of fieldwork in fluvial geomorphology and lotic ecology. In the last decade, several authors have proposed remote sensing approaches of grain size measurements based on terrestrial and aerial imagery. Given the current rise of small unmanned aerial system (sUAS) applications in geomorphology, there is now increasing interest in the application of these remotely sensed grain size mapping methods to sUAS imagery. However, success in this area has been limited owing to two fundamental problems: lack of constraint of image scale for sUAS imagery and blurring effects in sUAS images and resulting orthomosaics. In this work, we solve the former by showing that SfM‐photogrammetry can be used in a direct georeferencing (DG) workflow (i.e. with no ground validation) in order to predict image scale within margins of 3%. We then propose a novel approach of robotic photosieving of dry exposed riverbed grains that relies on near‐ground images acquired from a low‐cost sUAS and which does not require the presence of ground control points or visible scale objects. We demonstrate that this absence of scale objects does not affect photosieving outputs thus resulting in a low‐cost and efficient sampling method for surficial grains. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral‐efficient resource allocation for mixed services in OFDMA‐based 5G heterogeneous networks
Authors: Le Nam‐Tran , Jayalath Dhammika , Coetzee Jacob 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOne of the principal thrusts of proposed fifth‐generation networks is the provisioning of mixed services or heterogeneous quality of service, which includes delay‐sensitive and delay‐tolerant services. Guaranteeing the fairness in data rate among end users in such a complex network brings many challenges. In this paper, we consider heterogeneous quality of service and fairness in the problem of spectrally efficient resource allocation in orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access (OFDMA)‐based fifth‐generation heterogeneous networks with femtocells. We aim to maximize the total capacity of all femtocells while satisfying the following: fairness constraint for delay‐tolerant users, minimum throughput for delay‐sensitive users, cross‐tier interference threshold of femtocell heterogeneous networks, and exclusive property of OFDMA subchannels. The formulated problem is combinatorial and nonconvex due to the integer constraint of OFDMA subchannels and the nonaffine equality constraint of the fairness. To make the problem more tractable, we propose to maximize the overall throughput over instantaneous data rate instead of power and subchannel. By doing this, the fairness equality becomes affine on instantaneous data rate. The feasible domain of the problem is redefined with the constraints of subchannels readily included. The transformed problem takes the standard convex form, which is much simpler and is easily solved using the Lagrangian dual method. The proposed algorithm has a low complexity and provides a higher spectral efficiency compared with existing algorithms.
Late Neoproterozoic–Early Palaeozoic stratigraphic succession, Western Himalaya, North Pakistan: Detrital zircon provenance and tectonic implications
Authors: Qasim Muhammad , Ding Lin , Khan Muhammad Asif , Umar Muhammad , Jadoon Ishtiaq A.K. , Haneef Muhammad , Baral Upendra , Cai Fulong , Shah Azeem , Yao Wei 
Published: December 2017

This paper presents the first ever detrital zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic study for the Late Neoproterozoic–Early Palaeozoic stratigraphic succession exposed in the Hazara Basin, Western Himalaya, North Pakistan. This time span represents the break‐up of the supercontinent Rodinia and final assembly of Gondwana. The detrital record of the Late Neoproterozoic succession indicates well‐mixed detritus shed from within the Indian Craton, especially the Central Indian provenance (including the Delhi Fold Belt, Aravalli Orogen, and Bundlekhand Craton). The εHf(t) values are mostly negative, and Hf TDMC ages are clustered at 2.0–2.4 Ga, which indicates the derivation from an ancient reworked crustal source. In addition, the presence of a few positive εHf(t) values in the Late Neoproterozoic sequence indicates addition of the juvenile crust that corresponds to the period of the Rodinia break‐up. However, dissimilarities with detrital signatures from the Australian continent may indicate break‐up of the Rodinia supercontinent and detachment of Australia from India prior to ~754 Ma, which is the depositional age of the Hazara Formation. In addition, the angular unconformity at the base of the Abbottabad Formation represents the compressional tectonics that might be associated with the Pan‐African (Indo‐Antarctic Craton collision with the East African Orogen during 800–700 Ma) orogeny. The presence of the metamorphism and deformation in the rocks below the unconformity supports such an event prior to deposition of the Early Palaeozoic Abbottabad Formation. Similarly, the appearance of the Pan‐African detritus in the Early Palaeozoic Abbottabad Formation could be due to closure of the ocean basin between Eastern and Western Gondwana along the Mozambique Suture. This provenance change may indicate the final assembly of supercontinent Gondwana.
Changing brain connectivity dynamics: From early childhood to adulthood
Authors: Faghiri Ashkan , Stephen Julia M. , Wang Yu‐Ping , Wilson Tony W. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBrain maturation through adolescence has been the topic of recent studies. Previous works have evaluated changes in morphometry and also changes in functional connectivity. However, most resting‐state fMRI studies have focused on static connectivity. Here we examine the relationship between age/maturity and the dynamics of brain functional connectivity. Utilizing a resting fMRI dataset comprised 421 subjects ages 3–22 from the PING study, we first performed group ICA to extract independent components and their time courses. Next, dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) was calculated via a sliding window followed by clusteringofconnectivity patterns into 5 states. Finally, we evaluated the relationship between age and the amount of time each participant spent in each state as well as the transitions among different states. Results showed that older participants tend to spend more time in states which reflect overall stronger connectivity patterns throughout the brain. In addition, the relationship between age and state transition is symmetric. This can mean individuals change functional connectivity through time within a specific set of states. On the whole, results indicated that dynamic functional connectivity is an important factor to consider when examining brain development across childhood.
Fronto‐parietal coding of goal‐directed actions performed by artificial agents
Authors: Kupferberg Aleksandra , Iacoboni Marco , Flanagin Virginia , Huber Markus , Kasparbauer Anna , Baumgartner Thomas , Hasler Gregor , Schmidt Florian , Borst Christoph , Glasauer Stefan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWith advances in technology, artificial agents such as humanoid robots will soon become a part of our daily lives. For safe and intuitive collaboration, it is important to understand the goals behind their motor actions. In humans, this process is mediated by changes in activity in fronto‐parietal brain areas. The extent to which these areas are activated when observing artificial agents indicates the naturalness and easiness of interaction. Previous studies indicated that fronto‐parietal activity does not depend on whether the agent is human or artificial. However, it is unknown whether this activity is modulated by observing grasping (self‐related action) and pointing actions (other‐related action) performed by an artificial agent depending on the action goal. Therefore, we designed an experiment in which subjects observed human and artificial agents perform pointing and grasping actions aimed at two different object categories suggesting different goals. We found a signal increase in the bilateral inferior parietal lobule and the premotor cortex when tool versus food items were pointed to or grasped by both agents, probably reflecting the association of hand actions with the functional use of tools. Our results show that goal attribution engages the fronto‐parietal network not only for observing a human but also a robotic agent for both self‐related and social actions. The debriefing after the experiment has shown that actions of human‐like artificial agents can be perceived as being goal‐directed. Therefore, humans will be able to interact with service robots intuitively in various domains such as education, healthcare, public service, and entertainment.
Differential patterns of dynamic functional connectivity variability of striato–cortical circuitry in children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Li Rong , Liao Wei , Yu Yangyang , Chen Heng , Guo Xiaonan , Tang Ye‐Lei , Chen Huafu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBenign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is characterized by abnormal (static) functional interactions among cortical and subcortical regions, regardless of the active or chronic epileptic state. However, human brain connectivity is dynamic and associated with ongoing rhythmic activity. The dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) of the distinct striato–cortical circuitry associated with or without interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are poorly understood in BECTS. Herein, we captured the pattern of dFC using sliding window correlation of putamen subregions in the BECTS (without IEDs, n = 23; with IEDs, n = 20) and sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 28) during rest. Furthermore, we quantified dFC variability using their standard deviation. Compared with HCs and patients without IEDs, patients with IEDs exhibited excessive variability in the dorsal striatal‐sensorimotor circuitry related to typical seizure semiology. By contrast, excessive stability (decreased dFC variability) was found in the ventral striatal–cognitive circuitry (p < .05, GRF corrected). In addition, correlation analysis revealed that the excessive variability in the dorsal striatal‐sensorimotor circuitry was related to highly frequent IEDs (p < .05, uncorrected). Our finding of excessive variability in the dorsal striatal‐sensorimotor circuitry could be an indication of increased sensitivity to regional fluctuations in the epileptogenic zone, while excessive stability in the ventral striatal–cognitive circuitry could represent compensatory mechanisms that prevent or postpone cognitive impairments in BECTS. Overall, the differentiated dynamics of the striato–cortical circuitry extend our understanding of interactions among epileptic activity, striato–cortical functional architecture, and neurocognitive processes in BECTS.
Automated quality assessment of structural magnetic resonance images in children: Comparison with visual inspection and surface‐based reconstruction
Authors: White Tonya , Jansen Philip R. , Muetzel Ryan L. , Sudre Gustavo , El Marroun Hanan , Tiemeier Henning , Qiu Anqi , Shaw Philip , Michael Andrew M. , Verhulst Frank C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMotion‐related artifacts are one of the major challenges associated with pediatric neuroimaging. Recent studies have shown a relationship between visual quality ratings of T1 images and cortical reconstruction measures. Automated algorithms offer more precision in quantifying movement‐related artifacts compared to visual inspection. Thus, the goal of this study was to test three different automated quality assessment algorithms for structural MRI scans. The three algorithms included a Fourier‐, integral‐, and a gradient‐based approach which were run on raw T1‐weighted imaging data collected from four different scanners. The four cohorts included a total of 6,662 MRI scans from two waves of the Generation R Study, the NIH NHGRI Study, and the GUSTO Study. Using receiver operating characteristics with visually inspected quality ratings of the T1 images, the area under the curve (AUC) for the gradient algorithm, which performed better than either the integral or Fourier approaches, was 0.95, 0.88, and 0.82 for the Generation R, NHGRI, and GUSTO studies, respectively. For scans of poor initial quality, repeating the scan often resulted in a better quality second image. Finally, we found that even minor differences in automated quality measurements were associated with FreeSurfer derived measures of cortical thickness and surface area, even in scans that were rated as good quality. Our findings suggest that the inclusion of automated quality assessment measures can augment visual inspection and may find use as a covariate in analyses or to identify thresholds to exclude poor quality data.
Growing incidence of thyroid carcinoma in recent years: Factors underlying overdiagnosis
Authors: Sanabria Alvaro , Kowalski Luiz P. , Shah Jatin P. , Nixon Iain J. , Angelos Peter , Williams Michelle D. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere is an increasing incidence of well‐differentiated thyroid cancer worldwide. Much of the increase is secondary to increased detection of small, low‐risk tumors, with questionable clinical significance. This review addresses the factors that contribute to the increasing incidence and considers environmental, and patient‐based and clinician‐led influences. Articles addressing the causes of the increased incidence were critically reviewed. A complex interplay of environmental, medical, and social pressures has resulted in increased awareness of the thyroid disease risk, increased screening of thyroid cancers, and increased diagnosis of thyroid cancers. Although there is evidence to suggest that the true disease incidence may be changing slightly, most of the increase is related to factors that promote early diagnosis of low‐risk lesions, which is resulting in a significant phenomenon of overdiagnosis. An improved understanding of these pressures at a global level will enable healthcare policymakers to react appropriately to this challenge in the future.
Pharyngeal perforation after anterior cervical spine surgery treated by transoral endoscopic surgery
Authors: Rama‐López Julio , Tomás‐Fernandez Meritxell , García‐Garza César , Martínez‐Madrigal Milton 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundAnterior cervical fixation has been used since 1967 for multiple pathologies like traumatism, compressive myelopathy, or spinal infections.MethodsWe report the case of a patient who had undergone cervical spine surgery 10 years previously and presented to our clinic with a pharyngeal fistula due to surgical screw displacement that was treated by transoral endoscopic surgery.ResultsThe immediate postoperative period occurred without incidence and complete odynophagia resolution. The patient was discharged home the fourth day after surgery. Follow‐up after 1 year showed no evidence of spinal fixation hardware mobilization.ConclusionWe consider the transoral endoscopic approach a feasible low comorbidity technique to treat anterior cervical plate mobilization with pharyngeal and pharyngoesophageal perforations.
Traveling‐wave Phenomena in a Model of Autocrine Signaling Coupled with Dynamics of the MAPK Cascade
Authors: Přibyl Michal , Schreiber Igor 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecently we have revealed a minimal reaction subnetwork in the MAPK (mitogen‐activated protein kinase) cascade that is responsible for the emergence of bistable and oscillatory behavior. Here we examine a possible mechanism that provides for the propagation of increased MAPK activity in cell populations by interconnecting the intracellular MAPK subnetwork with the ligand‐receptor signaling machinery. Such approach allows for significant reduction of the dimensionality of the parameter space on one hand and the conservation of dynamical complexity of the system on the other hand. The coupled model predicts coexistence of one, two or three different stable steady states, or the coexistence of a stable steady state and periodic solution. We found two robust and physiologically relevant characteristics of the proposed model: (i) There is a very large region of coexistence of at least one stable steady state with non‐zero MAPK activity and one steady state with zero MAPK activity in the parameter space. (ii) Spontaneous traveling front waves always switching originally inactive cells into ligand releasing cells emerge in adjacent cell populations, e. g. in healthy and injured tissues. Moreover, the formation of composite traveling front waves and spatial oscillatory patterns of MAPK activity are predicted and discussed.
Terpenes Show Nanomolar Affinity and Selective Binding with Cucurbit[8]uril
Authors: Romero Miguel A. , González‐Delgado José A. , Mendoza Johan , Arteaga Jesús F. , Basílio Nuno , Pischel Uwe 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEucalyptol, fenchyl alcohol, and geranylamine were tested for the binding to cucurbit[8]uril. Nanomolar affinities were found, giving rise to a highly selective binding of the terpenes by cucurbit[8]uril when compared to the smaller cucurbit[7]uril. This was rationalized with a better size fit with the larger macrocycle. These notions were supported by the calculation of the packing coefficient and NMR measurements of the free and complexed terpenes. The binding process is mainly enthalpically driven, which is associated with the release of high‐energy water.
Impact of Climate Change on Basin Hydrological Characteristics and Thermal Structure of Reservoirs
Authors: Dalilsafaee Sepehr , Niksokhan Mohammad Hossein , Moshtaghi Bahman 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, a hydrodynamic model of water quality (CE‐QUAL‐W2) coupled with a hydrological model (SWAT) with emission scenarios predicted by general circulation models in the future were applied to examine the impact of climate change on the thermal structure of a reservoir. According to the results, the mean annual air temperature will increase from 1.47 to 1.80°C (B1) and from 2.00 to 2.11°C (A2). The average of the monthly precipitation total will also increase from 2.95 to 3.17 mm (A2) and from 5.32 to 9.67 mm (B1) in the future. The results of the hydrological model indicate river flow reduction (A2 scenario), no variation (ECHAM5‐OM B1) and increase (HadCM3 B1) in the future. Also, the occurrence time of maximum and minimum monthly discharges are projected to change. To determine the importance of upstream watershed hydrology on thermal structure modelling, the simulation was carried out twice, once with and then without the SWAT model. By comparing the results, it was concluded that by applying the coupled model, the climate change impact on upstream hydrology characteristics and temperature effect both in the surface and bottom layers, altered duration of the stratification cycle and its onset and termination, could be simulated successfully. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.