bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterarchien, Codes und Kalküle Beitrag zu einer Soziologie des algo trading
Authors: Wansleben Leon 
Published: September 2016

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von algorithmischen Handelssystemen hat sich innerhalb kurzer Zeit unter Teilnehmern auf Finanzmärkten verbreitet. Bisher haben Soziologen vor allem die Automatisierungen der Börsenplätze untersucht, durch die algo trading überhaupt erst möglich wurde. Wie sich die Praxis und Organisation des Finanzhandels selbst verändert hat, wurde allerdings kaum erforscht. In diesem Beitrag sollen Heuristiken für entsprechende Forschungen entwickelt werden. Auf Grundlage erster empirischer Daten wird argumentiert, dass algo trading eine grundlegende Rekonfiguration der Praxis des Finanzhandels impliziert: Während im traditionellen Handel Händler die Kernaktivitäten (Formierung von views, Positionsmanagement) monopolisieren konnten, wird algo trading in viel stärkerem Maße auf unterschiedliche Gruppen (Entwickler, Informatiker, Händler) verteilt. Diese Gruppen entwickeln mit je eigenen Codes eigene professionelle Perspektiven auf Algorithmen. Nicht nur die technische Operationalisierung, sondern auch die ökonomischen Kalküle des Finanzhandels haben sich verändert: algo-trading-Firmen treffen bereits mit der Selektion und Kombination von Personal und Technologien folgenreiche Entscheidungen; auch firmenintern verändert sich die Zurechnung von Leistungen und Risikoverantwortungen. Als wesentlicher zukünftiger Forschungsbedarf wird die Analyse der Mobilität von Personen, Teams und Codes innerhalb organisationaler Felder identifiziert.
Von Fäusten und Fingern Visuelle politische Kommunikation im gegenwärtigen Serbien
Authors: Šuber Daniel 
Published: September 2016

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag verknüpft ein mediologisches Interesse an der politischen Funktion von Bildern mit der empirischen Beobachtung der nationalpolitischen Auseinandersetzungen im post-jugoslawischen Serbien. Die Kombination beider Fragekomplexe erscheint sozialwissenschaftlich interessant vor dem Hintergrund der weit verbreiteten Ansicht, dass im serbischen Fall der politische Diskurs in einem vielleicht sogar einzigartigen Ausmaß durch ein spezifisches national-kulturelles Imaginarium imprägniert ist, das auf die legendäre Schlacht auf dem Amselfeld zurück verweist. Dieser Allgemeinbefund soll im Folgenden gerade nicht als Explanandum genommen werden, sondern als Explanans. Es werden kultur- und visual soziologische Ansätze in Stellung gebracht, um die Ausgangshypothese mit einer empirischen Beobachtung der über Kollektivsymbole und visuelle Medien ausgetragenen politischen Kämpfe im gegenwärtigen Serbien zu kontrastieren. Zum Vorschein gelangen auf diese Weise überraschende Interferenzen zwischen verschiedenen Ebenen des politischen Diskurses und komplexe Interdynamiken zwischen Semantiken der Öffnung und Schließung.
»Know your Money!« Falschgeldbeobachtung und visuelle Echtheitssicherung von Geld in der US-amerikanischen Ökonomie (18.-20. Jahrhundert)
Authors: Lim Il-Tschung 
Published: September 2016

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag kombiniert Perspektiven der sozial- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Fälschungsforschung mit einem spezifischen Erkenntnisinteresse an der visuellen Kommunikationsstilistik in der Praxis der Geldfälschung, ihrer sozialen Funktion sowie den Strategien und Kulturtechniken ihrer Prävention. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den spezifischen Bildoperationen in der Falschgeldbeobachtung des USamerikanischen Falschgelddiskurses (18. bis 20. Jahrhundert). Die Falschgeldbeobachtung wird als spezifisch bildmediale Artikulation einer ›Vertrauensagentur‹ aufgefasst, die in potenziell kritischen Situationen eines normalerweise störungsfreien Normalfunktionierens symbolgestützter Operationen als Entstörungsprogramm an der (Wieder-)Herstellung der Integrität der kommunikativen Standards eines regelkonformen Symbolgebrauchs teilhat. Die These lautet, dass im Kontext des Falschgelddiskurses Beobachtungsoperationen intrinsisch Bildoperationen darstellen. Bildgestützte Kommunikationen und Visualisierungsformen in der Falschgeldbeobachtung sind als eigenständige Instanzen der sozialen Sinnproduktion zu betrachten, die an der Formierung der Sinngrenzen einer geldvermittelten Ökonomie konstitutiv partizipieren.
World Cinema: Realismus, Evidenz, Präsenz
Authors: Elsaesser Thomas P. 
Published: September 2016

ZusammenfassungDas Weltkino (in der Nachfolge des nationalen Kinos) hat sich seit jeher gegenüber Hollywood durch seinen grösseren Realismus abgegrenzt. Ob man an den italienischen Neo-Realismus denkt, den semi-dokumentarischen Cinéma Vérité-Stil der französischen Nouvelle Vague oder aber an den klinisch sondierenden psychologischen Realismus eines Ingmar Bergmann: unsere Vorstellung von einem »repräsentativen« oder »authentischen« Filmschaffen sind im Allgemeinen an irgendeine Form von realistischer Ästhetik gebunden. Gleichzeitig thematisiert das Weltkino gegenwärtig immer häufiger, dass wir im Kino des 21. Jahrhunderts nicht mehr länger unseren Augen trauen können. Während filmische Verfahren, wie etwa statische Kameraeinstellungen, Schärfentiefe oder Plansequenzen - alles traditionelle Kennzeichen für eine realistische Filmästhetik und für Techniken des filmischen Dokumentarismus - immer noch Verwendung finden, werden sie heute jedoch für andere Zwecke eingesetzt. Materialistische Kritiken des filmischen Realismus im klassischen Hollywood-Kino orientieren sich nicht mehr an einem Brecht'schen Verständ nis einer realistischen Ästhetik als Verfremdungseffekt, noch eifern sie dem politischen Realismus des »Third Cinema« der 1970er Jahre nach. Stattdessen scheinen diejenigen filmischen Techniken in den Vordergrund zu rücken, die in der Konstruktion kinematografischer Repräsentationen auf Elemente des Fantastischen und der Magie zurückgreifen, die von Geistergeschichten und spektralen Erscheinungen genährt werden. Diese Filme spielen mit linearen Zeitstrukturen, Erinnerungen und vertrauten chronologischen Ordnungen, und machen somit unweigerlich die (Sinnes-)Wahrnehmung selbst zum eigentlich zentralen Thema. Der Essay stellt theoretische und historische Zusammenhänge für die ästhetischen Transformationen innerhalb des Weltkinos vor, und diskutiert darüber hinaus am Beispiel von Filmen des koreanischen Regisseurs Kim Ki-Duk die konzeptionellen Verschiebungen in der Vorstellung von Realismus als Teil der ›Welterzeugung durch Bilder‹. Dies könnte schließlich auch dabei helfen, umstrittene Begriffe wie ›Evidenz‹, ›Authentizität‹ und (Zuschauer-)›Präsenz‹ zu klären.
The prevalence of low back pain and its associated factors in Thai rubber farmers
Authors: Udom Chadayu , Janwantanakul Prawit , Kanlayanaphotporn Rotsalai 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesLow back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders in the general population, especially among manual laborers. Moreover, it often brings about lost wages and additional medical expenses. However, the potential risk factors for LBP are unknown. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of LBP and to determine the individual, occupational, and psychosocial factors associated with LBP among rubber farmers.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 450 Thai rubber farmers using cluster random sampling. Data were collected using face‐to‐face interviews and objective examination and were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOf the 433 rubber farmers, the point and 12‐month prevalence of LBP in rubber farmers was 33% and 55.7%, respectively. BMI, primary school education, exposure to pesticides, and tapping below knee level were statistically associated with LBP after controlling for other variables.ConclusionsLow back pain is common among rubber farmers. Only four factors were identified as being associated with the high prevalence of LBP. However, these factors might be altered if more variables are taken into account. Further research investigating the causal relation between these factors and LBP should be conducted.
Seed dormancy of Ochradenus baccatus (Resedaceae), a shrubby species from Arabian desert regions
Authors: Bhatt Arvind , Pérez-García Félix 
Published: September 2016

Ochradenus baccatus is a perennial glycophyte growing in Middle East and it is one of the most important food sources for many animal species in desert regions. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of seed storage, light, temperature and gibberellic acid (GA3) on germination of O. baccatus seeds. We also investigated the germination characteristics of O. baccatus seeds under different saline concentration and their capability to recover germination once they were transferred to distilled water. Seeds were stored at room temperature (20 ± 2 ºC) and at -18 ºC. Germination tests were conducted at alternating temperatures of 15/25, 20/30 and 25/35 ºC in either continuous darkness or photoperiod of 12-h dark/12-h light. To study the effect of GA3 on germination of O. baccatus seeds, freshly-collected seeds and stored seeds were soaked for 24 h in a GA3 water solution (1 g/L) before sowing. To assess the salinity tolerance during germination, seeds were germinated under different salinity levels (100, 200 and 400 mM NaCl). Stored seeds at room temperature and -18 ºC germinate equally well at different temperature regimes and light conditions. However, freshly matured seeds were not able to germinate even when they were treated with GA3. On the contrary, stored seeds at room temperature and -18 ºC treated with GA3 increase the final germination percentages. These results indicated that O. baccatus seeds have physiological dormancy and they need to be stored in order to break their dormancy. In the present study, one year of storage did not show a significant variation in germination between the two storage conditions assayed. Therefore, further research is needed to know about the maximum storage period for O. baccatus seeds under different storage conditions. Very few O. baccatus seeds (less than 5 %) germinated at the tested lowest concentration of NaCl. However, ungerminated seeds were able to germinate when salinity stress was alleviated. In conclusion, O. baccatus seeds have physiological dormancy, and seed storage (at room temperature and at -18 ºC) for one year is effective for breaking this dormancy. In addition, O. baccatus seeds present ability to remain viable in saline conditions and they will be able to germinate once the salinity level decrease.
Total protein composition of young and adult Biomphalaria alexandrina snails with different compatibilities to Schistosoma mansoni infection
Authors: Sadaka Hayam A , Abou-El-Naga Iman Fathy , Amer Eglal I , Diab Iman H , Kher Safaa I 
Published: September 2016

In the current study differentiation of the total proteins among Biomphalaria alexandrina snails at different ages was done to identify the proteins responsible for the snails’ compatibility outcome. The work was conducted on snails that differ in their age and the genetic backgrounds. Four subgroups from the progeny of self reproduced susceptible and resistant snails were studies. Infection rates of these subgroups (young susceptible, adult susceptible, young resistant and adult resistant) were 90%, 75%, 40% and 0% respectively. Using Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, differences in protein expression were shown between adult and young snails in different subgroups. Dice similarity coefficient was calculated to determine percentage band sharing among the experimental subgroups. The results revealed that the combination of similarities between both age and compatibility status of the snails has led to the highest similarity coefficient followed by the combination of similarities of both genetic origin and age although they differ in the compatibility status. On the other hand, the differences in the genetic background, age and compatibility status have led to the least similarity index. It was also found that in young snails the genetic background plays the main role in determination of their compatibility, while the internal defense system has the upper hand in determination of adult compatibility. Further characterization of the shared protein bands among the studied subgroups is needed to clarify their role in host-parasite relationship.
Molecular diagnosis and intraspecific genetic variability of root pathogens of arid legumes in Western Rajasthan, India
Authors: Gautam Ragini , SINGH SUNIL KUMAR , Sharma Vinay 
Published: September 2016

The productivity of arid legumes remains stagnant over decades because of their susceptibility to root diseases. The information on molecular diagnosis and intraspecific genetic variability of root pathogens of arid legumes is limited. Besides dry root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, 52 root samples were found infected with fungal pathogens. Irrespective of the geographical location from where the diseased samples were collected, all pathogen isolates clustered in RAPD dendrogram as per their respective genera. Phylogram based on multiple sequence alignment revealed that different genera (i.e. Fusarium, Neocosmospora and Syncephalastrum) separated from each other and species within the genera clustered together with their reference sequences with appreciable bootstrap values. Out of twenty representative isolates representing each cluster and all outgroups sequenced, eight were molecularly identified as Neocosmospora vasinfecta, five as Fusarium solani, two as Neocosmospora striata, two as Fusarium acutatum, one as Syncephalastrum monosporum, one as Fusarium oxysporum and one as Fusarium species. The root pathogens of the arid legumes were found neither restricted to a geographical location and nor were host specific in nature. Fusarium solani wilt in cowpea and seedling rot in mungbean, F. oxysporum wilt in mothbean, F. acutatum damping off in cowpea and cluster bean, Fusarium sp. seedling rot in cluster bean, Neocosmospora striata root rot in cowpea and wilt in cluster bean and Syncephalastrum monosporum root rot in cluster bean were molecularly identified as new fungal records as pathogens causing root diseases in arid legumes.
ASSOCIATION OF MICROSATELLITE GENETIC DIVERSITY WITH GROWTH RELATED TRAITS IN THE BASE POPULATION OF AFRICAN CATFISH, Clarias gariepinus, BREEDING PROGRAM
Authors: Imron Imron , Iswanto Bambang , Ridzwan Narita Syawalia , Suprapto Rommy , Marnis Huria 
Published: September 2016

Genetic diversity at molecular level has been assumed to correlate with fitness related traits. However, accumulating evidences showed that the nature of that correlation has been variable. This study was aimed to explore the nature and possible mechanisms underlying that correlation by focusing on growth related traits in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus using microsatellite molecular markers. Fifty individual African catfish of 110 days-old were sampled and subjected to both morphological and molecular analyses. The standard length, total length and body weight as well as allelic scores of six microsatellite loci were measured on each individual. Indices of microsatellite diversity, namely individual multilocus heterozygosity (MLH) and mean microsatellite allelic distance (mean d2) for individual level, and mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) and single-locus heterozygosity (ho) for group level, were correlated to those traits using Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The Hardy Weinberg and linkage disequilibrium were carried out to explore the possible mechanisms underlying correlation. The results showed that at individual level the MLH and mean d2 were weakly correlated with standard length, (r=0.25, p<0.05) and (r=0.24, p<0.05), respectively. At group level, Ho was correlated with both standard and total length (r=0.99, p<0.05) while ho identified two loci, Cga03 and Cga06 significantly contributed to the correlation. Combining all relevant information, present study identified associative overdominance, both local effect and general effect hypotheses might responsible for the observed correlations.
LOW WATER TEMPERATURE AND ITS EFFECTS ON STRESS RESPONSE OF GREY MULLETS Mugil cephalus ACCLIMATED IN FRESHWATER
Authors: Prakoso Vitas Atmadi , Subagja Jojo , Chang Young Jin 
Published: September 2016

Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) can adapt to saline and freshwater. Although belonged to euryhaline species, but information regarding their stress response on low temperature. Environmental disturbance such as low water temperature may effect their physiological condition. These information can be useful for aquaculture development of this species in freshwater. Therefore, the purpose of study was to investigate the effects of low water temperature on the stress response of grey mullets Mugil cephalus acclimated in freshwater. The blood samples of experimental fish (TL: 28.2±1.1 cm, BW: 198.6±25.9 g) were collected during winter season when the water temperature of controlled rearing system was stable at 25°C and uncontrolled rearing system slowly dropped until 12°C. Their stress response on both rearing systems was observed. The results showed that low temperature affected to lower the behavior activity and increase the stress response of grey mullets. The breath frequency of grey mullet regarding their opercular movement at 12°C was 74-97 breath/min., while at 25°C it was 95-114 breath/min. Hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) were shown higher values of 43.5% and 9.5 g/dL, respectively at 25°C than 12°C (28.0% and 7.1 g/dL, respectively). The tendencies of cortisol and glucose level increased with the lowering temperature, showing higher value of 264.8 ng/mL and 35.5 mg/dL in 12°C than 5.5 ng/mL and 32.7 mg/dL in 25°C. The chemical properties of blood in grey mullets showed same tendency comparing between 12°C and 25°C, there was no significant different between each temperature, except for chloride (P<0.05). Chloride value was higher at 25°C, while other blood components such as osmolality, sodium, potassium, and magnesium were showing no significant differences. However, the results showed lower values at 12°C in every blood components, except for chloride. In conclusion, lowering water temperature to 12°C had impact as stressor to the behavior and stress response of grey mullets acclimated in freshwater.
INTERACTION BETWEEN DIETARY MINERAL AND PHYTASE ON BIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCES OF JAPANESE FLOUNDER, Paralichthys olivaceus. PART II. MINERAL DIGESTIBILITY AND VERTEBRAL MINERAL CONTENT
Authors: Laining Asda , Lideman Lideman , Koshio Shunsuke 
Published: September 2016

Interactive effects between dietary inorganic phosphorus (IP) and phytase (P) on mineral digestibility and vertebral mineral content were investigated in a 30 days feeding trial followed by three weeks digestibility trial with Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Eight experimental diets were formulated based on two levels of dietary Ca at 0% and 0.2% combined with either 0% or 0.25% of dietary IP and either with 0 and 2,000 fytase unit (FTU)/kg of phytase in diet, respectively. Result indicated that digestibility of total phosphorus significantly increased by three dietary compounds where the highest was observed in fish fed diet contained 0.25% IP and 2,000 FTU phytase/kg and dietary Ca also included in diet. Significant interaction was only detected between dietary IP and P on this parameter. Supplementation of IP and Ca not phytase significantly improved Ca digestibility. Ca digestibility was very poor when dietary IP and Ca were not supplemented in diet even with when phytase supplemented in diet. There was significant interaction between dietary IP and Ca on Ca digestibility. Vertebral total phosphorus, Ca, and Mg content as well as Ca:P ratio were significantly enhanced by dietary IP and phytase. Dietary Ca has significant effect only on vertebral total phosphorus. Interaction between dietary IP and Ca was significantly found on vertebral Ca content and Ca:P ratio. No significant second-order interaction was observed among the three dietary mineral on overall parameters. Based on total phosphorus and Ca digestibility as well vertebral phosphorus content found in this study, dietary IP, Ca, and phytase at rate of 0.25%, 0.2%, and 2,000 FTU phytase/kg diet, respectively are needed to supplement in diet for a better mineral absorption and bone mineralization.
EFFECTS OF SALINITY ON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND BLOOD PROPERTIES OF YOUNG GREY MULLETS Mugil cephalus
Authors: Prakoso Vitas Atmadi , Kim Ki Tae , Min Byung Hwa , Gustiano Rudhy , Chang Young Jin 
Published: September 2016

Oxygen consumption (OC) is one of important factors in aquaculture activities, as the oxygen is a vital condition for all the organisms living in the water and having an aerobic type of respiration. OC is the preferred method for measuring and reporting the metabolic rate in fish. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of salinity on OC and blood properties of grey mullets. Five experimental groups were conducted to measure OC and blood properties of grey mullets Mugil cephalus (BW: 187.9 ± 45.8 g) according to salinity (30→0 psu, 0→30 psu) changes; SDS: fish reared in seawater (SW, 30 psu) directly shifted to SW, SGF: SW fish gradually shifted to freshwater (FW, 0 psu), SDF: SW fish directly shifted to FW, FDF: FW fish directly shifted to FW, and FDS: FW fish directly shifted to SW. The result showed that OC tended to decrease in the groups of SW fish shifted to FW showing 194.5 mg O2/kg/h at 25°C in SDS to 82.4 mg O2/kg/h at 15°C in SGF. On the contrary, OC increased in the groups of FW fish shifted to SW showing 80.5 mg O2/kg/h at 15°C in FDF to 184.0 mg O2/kg/h at 25°C in FDS. Cortisol levels at the end of experiments were rapidly increased with the lowering salinities in SW fish shifted to FW showing 20.6 ng/mL in SDS to 316.2 ng/mL in SDF, while those were decreased with the increasing salinities in FW fish shifted to SW showing 40.2 ng/mL in FDF to 10.3 ng/mL in FDS. However, glucose levels showed no significant differences among all experimental groups. Based on the information from this study, aquaculture of grey mullet might be applied or developed in freshwater due to its osmotic adaptation ability.