bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A thermal gradient modulates the oxidative metabolism and growth of human keratinocytes
Authors: Viano Marta , Alotto Daniela , Aillon Alessia , Castagnoli Carlotta , Silvagno Francesca 
Published: August 2017

During their spatial and differentiative progression, keratinocytes face a thermal gradient, from 37 °C in the proliferating basal layer to 32 °C found in skin surface. In our study, we hypothesized that this difference in temperature must be balanced by increasing the heat produced during respiratory activity. We demonstrated that at 33 °C human primary keratinocytes and HaCaT cells raised mitochondrial energy metabolism, but not glycolytic activity. At 33 °C, the increased mitochondrial ATP synthesis was associated with a strong induction of the modulator of the respiratory chain estrogen receptor β, whereas uncoupling protein 1 expression was not changed. The enhanced mitochondrial oxidative metabolism was accompanied by a remarkable reduction in proliferation. These results suggest that environmental temperature can modulate the energy metabolism and proliferation of human keratinocytes.
Ethical violations and discriminatory behavior in the MedPhys Match
Authors: Hendrickson Kristi R. G. , Juang Titania , Rodrigues Anna , Burmeister Jay W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this survey study is to investigate behaviors in conflict with the ethical standards of the Medical Physics Residency (MedPhys) Match (MPM) process as stated in the MPM rules (a) and with the nondiscrimination regulations of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) (b), in addition to other behaviors that may in other ways erode the fairness of the system.MethodsA survey was sent to all applicants and program directors registered for the 2015 and 2016 MPM. Survey questions asked about application, interview, and postinterview experiences, match results, and overall satisfaction with the process.ResultsThirteen percent of 2015 respondents and 20% of 2016 respondents were asked by at least one program how highly they planned to rank them or which program they would rank first. Thirty‐seven percent of 2015 and 40% of 2016 program directors indicated that candidates communicated to the program their rank intent, with 22.0% in 2015 and 12.5% in 2016 being told that their program would be ranked first. Twenty‐three percent of 2015 respondents indicated being asked by at least one program during the interview about children or plans to have children; including 19% of males and 33% of females. In 2016, these values were 28% overall, 22% male, and 36% female. Fifty‐seven percent of 2015 respondents who were asked this question indicated being uncomfortable or very uncomfortable answering, including 27.3% of males and 88.9% of females. In 2016, 42.9% of all respondents indicated being uncomfortable or very uncomfortable answering, including 10.0% of males and 80.0% of females.ConclusionsIn the first two years of the MPM, there were widespread instances of ethical violations and discriminatory questioning during the interview process. Educating both interviewers and candidates on the MPM rules and general EEOC guidelines should decrease these instances and increase the fairness of the residency selection process.
Extraordinary Thermoelectric Performance Realized in n‐Type PbTe through Multiphase Nanostructure Engineering
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wu Di , He Dongsheng , Feng Dan , Yin Meijie , Qin Xiaoying , He Jiaqing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLead telluride has long been realized as an ideal p‐type thermoelectric material at an intermediate temperature range; however, its commercial applications are largely restricted by its n‐type counterpart that exhibits relatively inferior thermoelectric performance. This major limitation is largely solved here, where it is reported that a record‐high ZT value of ≈1.83 can be achieved at 773 K in n‐type PbTe‐4%InSb composites. This significant enhancement in thermoelectric performance is attributed to the incorporation of InSb into the PbTe matrix resulting in multiphase nanostructures that can simultaneously modulate the electrical and thermal transport. On one hand, the multiphase energy barriers between nanophases and matrix can boost the power factor in the entire temperature range via significant enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient and moderately reducing the carrier mobility. On the other hand, the strengthened interface scattering at the intensive phase boundaries yields an extremely low lattice thermal conductivity. This strategy of constructing multiphase nanostructures can also be highly applicable in enhancing the performance of other state‐of‐the‐art thermoelectric systems.
3D Porous Nickel Anode for Low Temperature Thin Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Ebrahim Rabi , Yeleuov Mukhtar , Ignatiev Alex 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA simple fabrication process for a 3D porous nickel anode for a thin film solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is developed. The 3D porous nickel anode is fabricated using a metal/proppant mixing method followed by pressing and heat treatment. The anode bulk possesses a high porosity which is required for efficient delivery of fuel to the cell. Following fabrication, the anode's surface is processed by means of mechanical, chemical, and ion etching to minimize surface roughness and reduce the surface pore size allowing for the deposition of a high quality, pore‐free, thin electrolyte. Yttria‐stabilized zirconia is used for the thin film electrolyte layer followed by deposition of a thin film La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−d cathode layer to complete the thin film SOFC. The fabricated cell performs with a very stable output power of 130 mW cm−2 at temperatures of the order of 450 °C. This anode is not only easy to shape, weld, and recycle but is also very economic.
Enhanced Stability and Performance in Perovskite Nanocrystal Light‐Emitting Devices Using a ZnMgO Interfacial Layer
Authors: Wu Hua , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Lu Min , Sun Chun , Zhang Tieqiang , Yu William W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPerovskite has been considered to be a promising optoelectronic material due to its superior properties, yet, it are strongly sensitive to oxygen and water, especially when applied in devices. Here, a highly efficient and stable light‐emitting device (LED) is reported by applying solution‐processed Mg‐doped ZnO (MZO) nanocrystals (NCs) as an interfacial layer. The effect of Mg doping on the optical and electronic properties of NCs is investigated. This study demonstrates that the air stability of perovskite NC film is significantly enhanced because of the decreased oxygen vacancy surface sites of MZO NCs. Incorporation of a MZO layer with favorable electronic energy level to form a suitable band alignment promotes electron injection and enhances the LED performance. Compared to the device without MZO, the LED shows 3059 cd m−2 of luminance, with 1.9 times enhanced current efficiency and 2 times increased external quantum efficiency. In addition, the device with MZO also exhibits better stability. This research provides a potential strategy for realizing stable and efficient perovskite LEDs.
Enhancing the Magnetic Resonance via Strong Coupling in Optical Metamaterials
Authors: Zhang Chen , Fang Jimao , Yang Wenhong , Song Qinghai , Xiao Shumin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDue to the lack of symmetry between electric and magnetic charges, the magnetic effect in optical materials is usually very weak. Recently, Fano type magnetic resonances have been proposed and experimentally realized by packaging the metallic nanoparticles into metamolecules. However, the corresponding experiments are hard to be realized and the enhancements of magnetic fields are relatively low. Here, a simple way is demonstrated experimentally to generate magnetic plasmon polaritons (MPPs) in optical metamaterials. By changing the period of the nanostructures, strong coupling between the magnetic resonance and the propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) with a Rabi‐splitting around 190 meV has also been observed. Interestingly, the hybrid modes around the avoided resonance crossing points are found to be mixtures of MPPs and SPPs. Consequently, the typical long‐lived SPPs are also well localized within the dielectric spacer layer and give an enhancement in magnetic field around 500 times. In addition, the dependence of MPPs has also been observed on the refractive index with a sensitivity around 470 nm RIU−1, which is very close to the typical reports of electric resonances in plasmonic nanostructures. This research shall pave a new way to the developments of magnetic light sources and magnetic sensing.
Radioanatomic study of the skull base and septum in Asians: implications for using the nasoseptal flap for anterior skull‐base reconstruction
Authors: Park Sung Joon , Kim Hyun‐Jik , Kim Dong‐Young , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Lee Chul Hee , Paek Sun Ha , Won Tae‐Bin 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe objective of this work was to assess the feasibility of using the nasoseptal flap (NSF) for covering the anterior skull‐base defect in Asians, and to compare the results in whites.MethodsA retrospective radioanatomic analysis was conducted in 100 Korean adult patients. Septal and skull‐base dimensions were measured and the feasibility of the NSF in reconstructing a full anterior skull‐base defect was evaluated. Scans of 49 white patients were analyzed for a comparative study.ResultsAmong various septal dimensions, the length of the septum was significantly different in Koreans when compared to whites. Skull‐base dimensions such as anterior skull‐base length and width at the level of the anterior ethmoidal artery were different between the 2 ethnic groups. Individual differences between the anterior width of the hypothetical NSF and the anterior margin of the skull‐base defect (2.8 ± 3.1 vs 6.4 ± 4.8) and the difference between the hypothetical NSF length and the length of the flap needed for full coverage of the defect were significantly smaller in Korean patients (7.2 ± 3.8 vs 13.1 ± 5.6), leading to a statistically higher chance of flap insufficiency. The insufficiency was more often found in female patients.ConclusionThe risk of NSF insufficiency for covering the anterior skull‐base defect in Koreans is higher relative to whites, and is accentuated in female patients. Efforts to increase the size of the NSF as well as efforts to avoid intraoperative shrinkage of the NSF should be considered to compensate for the relatively small NSF in Asians.
Sono‐RAFT Polymerization in Aqueous Medium
Authors: McKenzie Thomas G. , Colombo Enrico , Fu Qiang , Ashokkumar Muthupandian , Qiao Greg G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe ultrasonic irradiation of aqueous solution is demonstrated to be a suitable source of initiating radicals for a controlled radical polymerization when conducted in the presence of a thiocarbonylthio‐containing reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent. This allows for a highly “green” method of externally regulated/controlled polymerization with a potentially broad scope for polymerizable monomers and/or polymer structures.
Generation and selection of naïve Fab library for parasitic antigen: Anti‐BmSXP antibodies for lymphatic filariasis
Authors: Omar Noorsharmimi , Hamidon Nurul Hamizah , Yunus Muhammad Hafiznur , Noordin Rahmah , Choong Yee Siew , Lim Theam Soon 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPhage display has been applied successfully as a tool for the generation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Naive antibody libraries are unique as they are able to overcome several limitations associated with conventional mAb generation methods like the hybridoma technology. Here, we performed an in vitro selection and generation of Fab antibodies against Brugia malayi SXP protein (BmSXP), a recombinant antigen for the detection of lymphatic filariasis. We developed a naïve multi ethnic Fab antibody library with an estimated diversity of 2.99 × 109. The antibody library was used to screen for mAbs against BmSXP recombinant antigen. Soluble monoclonal Fab antibodies against BmSXP were successfully isolated from the naïve library. The Fab antibodies obtained were expressed and analyzed to show its binding capability. The diversity obtained from a pool of donors from various ethnic groups allowed for a diverse antibody library to be generated. The mAbs obtained were also functional in soluble form, which makes it useful for further downstream applications. We believe that the Fab mAbs are valuable for further studies and could also contribute to improvements in the diagnosis of filariasis.
In Situ Biocatalytic Synthesis of Butyl Butyrate in Diesel and Engine Evaluations
Authors: Sjöblom Magnus , Risberg Per , Filippova Alfia , Öhrman Olov G. W. , Rova Ulrika , Christakopoulos Paul 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBlending petroleum fuels with biofuels is likely to become increasingly important over the years to come. Butyl butyrate has promising characteristics as a blend component in diesel and can be synthesized by lipase‐catalyzed esterification of 1‐butanol and butyric acid, which both can be derived from fermentation technologies. In the current study, the enzyme load and reaction temperature were optimized for the production of butyl butyrate with Novozyme 435 (immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B) directly in diesel at a substrate concentration of 1 m using a molar ratio of 1:1 between n‐butanol and butyric acid. Optimum conditions were found by using a central composite design at an enzyme load of 12 % of substrate weight and a temperature of 57 °C, giving 90 % yield conversion in 30 min, corresponding to a butyl butyrate productivity of 1.8 mol L−1 h−1. Diesel blended with 5, 10, and 30 % butyl butyrate was tested in a heavy‐duty diesel engine under two load cases. The ignition properties of the blended fuels were very similar to pure diesel, making butyl butyrate an interesting diesel substitute. The emission analysis demonstrated lower soot and CO emissions, similar hydrocarbons levels and slightly increased NOx levels compared with using pure diesel. The high activity of lipase in diesel and the compatibility between diesel and butyl butyrate opens up the possibility to develop fuel blending systems where the synthesis of the blend‐in component occurs directly in the fuel.
Interwoven NiCo2O4 Nanosheet/Carbon Nanotube Composites as Highly Efficient Lithium−Sulfur Cathode Hosts
Authors: Xiao Dengji , Zhang Huifang , Chen Chenmeng , Liu Yaodong , Yuan Shuxia , Lu Chunxiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries are one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of rechargeable battery systems, because of their high energy density and cost effectiveness. But, their commercialized applications are hindered by fast capacity fading and poor cycling stability. In this work, sulfur hosts based on interwoven NiCo2O4 nanosheet/carbon nanotube composites are designed and synthesized by using a solvothermal reaction and subsequent annealing. In this unique material architecture, the carbon nanotubes construct a porous conductive network across the NiCo2O4 nanosheets to provide fast electron paths. In addition, the NiCo2O4 nanosheets can chemically bind polysulfides to restrain their diffusion into electrolyte. As a result, the Li−S batteries based on this sulfur host exhibit high specific capacity, excellent cycling stability, and good rate capability. Reversible specific capacities of 1311 and 575 mA h g−1 are achieved at rates of 0.1 and 2 C, respectively, together with an excellent cycling stability of 0.038 % capacity decay per cycle over 1200 cycles at 0.5 C.
Formation of Dandelion‐Like Co3O4/CoWO4 Heterojunctions for Enhanced Supercapacitive Performance
Authors: Ding Kun , Zhang Xiao , Li Juping , Yang Ping , Cheng Xin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe dandelion‐like Co3O4/CoWO4 heterostructure was fabricated for the first time through a two‐step hydrothermal method involving the preparation of urchin‐like Co(CO3)0.5(OH) ⋅ 0.11H2O at low temperature, as well as its decomposition and an in situ growth of CoWO4 nanoparticles at relatively high temperature. It is noted that the introduction of Na2WO4 ⋅ 2H2O can maintain the morphology stability of precursor and promote the growth of CoWO4 species, whilst the precursor can be decomposed into the Co3O4 phase at higher hydrothermal temperature. The effects of Na2WO4 ⋅ 2H2O on the morphology and electrochemical properties of Co3O4 material were discussed. The electrochemical results showed that the Co3O4/CoWO4 hybrid electrode exhibited enhanced specific capacitance, which was 3.4 times larger than that of the pure Co3O4 electrode. The enhanced electrochemical properties were ascribed to the reasonable combination of these two types of electrochemically active materials and its unique architectural feature.
CuII‐Mediated Ultra‐efficient Electrooxidation of Glucose
Authors: Zheng Weiran , Li Yong , Tsang Chui‐Shan , Hu Liangsheng , Liu Mengjie , Huang Bolong , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk , Wong Kwok‐Yin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractElectrooxidation of glucose represents an economic conversion of biomass and has gained global interest for applications in fuel cells and sensors. Herein, we report a new, simple, and highly efficient method of glucose electrooxidation without involving any sophisticated electrode modification with biocatalysts or nanostructures. Micromolar‐level Cu ions are added to coordinate with glucose in alkaline electrolyte. The coordinated glucose is oxidized by electrochemically generated CuIII with excellent conversion efficiency (TOF=18.7 s−1) and ultra‐high sensitivity (1,814 mA M−1 cm−2) under mild conditions. Both experimental and theoretical investigations show that the CuII‐glucose plays a critical role in such high efficiency, which significantly reduces the oxidation potential and avoids catalyst poisoning. Our electrocatalytic system delivers remarkable atomic efficiency with high stability, thus offering great potential for applications in fuel cell and sensor design at low cost.
Gaps contribute tree diversity to a tropical floodplain forest
Authors: Terborgh John , Huanca Nuñez Nohemi , Alvarez Loayza Patricia , Cornejo Valverde Fernando 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTreefall gaps have long been a central feature of discussions about the maintenance of tree diversity in both temperate and tropical forests. Gaps expose parts of the forest floor to direct sunlight and create a distinctive microenvironment that can favor the recruitment into the community of so‐called gap pioneers. This traditional view enjoys strong empirical support, yet has been cast into doubt by a much‐cited article claiming that gaps are inherently “neutral” in their contribution to forest dynamics. We present concurrent data on seedfall and sapling recruitment into gaps vs. under a vertically structured canopy in an Amazonian floodplain forest in Peru. Our results strongly uphold the view of gaps as important generators of tree diversity. Our methods differed significantly from those employed by the neutralist group and can explain the contrasting outcomes. We found that seedfall into gaps differs both quantitatively and qualitatively from that falling under a multi‐tiered canopy, being greatly enriched in wind‐dispersed and autochorus species and sharply deficient in all types of zoochorous seeds. Despite a reduced input of zoochorous seeds, zoochorous species made up 79% of saplings recruiting into gaps, whereas wind‐dispersed species made up only 1%. Cohorts of saplings recruiting into gaps are less diverse than those recruiting under a closed canopy (Fisher's alpha = 40 vs. 100) and compositionally distinct, containing many light‐demanding species that rarely, if ever, recruit under shaded conditions. Saplings recruiting into gaps appear to represent a variable mix of shade‐tolerant survivors of the initiating treefall and sun‐demanding species that germinate subsequently.
LCE: leaf carbon exchange data set for tropical, temperate, and boreal species of North and Central America
Authors: Smith Nicholas G. , Dukes Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLeaf canopy carbon exchange processes, such as photosynthesis and respiration, are substantial components of the global carbon cycle. Climate models base their simulations of photosynthesis and respiration on an empirical understanding of the underlying biochemical processes, and the responses of those processes to environmental drivers. As such, data spanning large spatial scales are needed to evaluate and parameterize these models. Here, we present data on four important biochemical parameters defining leaf carbon exchange processes from 626 individuals of 98 species at 12 North and Central American sites spanning ~53° of latitude. The four parameters are the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax), the maximum rate of electron transport for the regeneration of Ribulose‐1,5,‐bisphosphate (Jmax), the maximum rate of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase carboxylation (Vpmax), and leaf dark respiration (Rd). The raw net photosynthesis by intercellular CO2 (A/Ci) data used to calculate Vcmax, Jmax, and Vpmax rates are also presented. Data were gathered on the same leaf of each individual (one leaf per individual), allowing for the examination of each parameter relative to others. Additionally, the data set contains a number of covariates for the plants measured. Covariate data include (1) leaf‐level traits (leaf mass, leaf area, leaf nitrogen and carbon content, predawn leaf water potential), (2) plant‐level traits (plant height for herbaceous individuals and diameter at breast height for trees), (3) soil moisture at the time of measurement, (4) air temperature from nearby weather stations for the day of measurement and each of the 90 d prior to measurement, and (5) climate data (growing season mean temperature, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation, vapor pressure deficit, and aridity index). We hope that the data will be useful for obtaining greater understanding of the abiotic and biotic determinants of these important biochemical parameters and for evaluating and improving large‐scale models of leaf carbon exchange.
Claustrum hyperintensities: A potential clue to autoimmune epilepsy
Authors: Steriade Claude , Tang‐Wai David F. , Krings Timo , Wennberg Richard 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn a cohort of 34 patients with autoimmune limbic encephalitis and/or epilepsy, we identified 4 patients exhibiting claustrum fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities. All 4 patients presented with explosive onset of seizures and developed medically intractable epilepsy, and 2 exhibited a marked response to immunotherapy. Associated features included cognitive and behavioral disturbances (4/4), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytic pleocytosis (3/4), and a neural autoantibody (2/4). Electroencephalogram (EEG) features consisted of slow wave activity and epileptiform discharges in frontal and parasagittal regions, where ictal patterns were captured in 1 patient. In 1 patient, magnetoencephalographic source imaging of interictal spikes revealed dipole sources in anterior insular or subinsular localizations, mirroring claustrum FLAIR hyperintensities, which developed after a short lag from presentation and resolved in all but 1 patient. These MRI abnormalities were isolated (2/4) or associated with mesial temporal hyperintensities (2/4). Claustrum FLAIR hyperintensities may be a useful MRI marker of autoimmune epilepsy.