bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Purification of the Human Myeloid Differentiation Antigen Recognized by Monoclonal Antibody AHN-7
Authors: Skubitz Keith M , Weisdorf Daniel J , August J Thomas 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This report describes the characterization and expression of a human myeloid differentiation antigen defined by use of an IgG1 monoclonal antibody (AHN-7). This antibody binds to many granulocytic precursors in normal marrow, to most but not all granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM), and to approximately half of nonlymphoid leukemia specimens. The protein antigens recognized by AHN-7 were purified from 35S-labelled HL-60 cells by antibody affinity column chromatography. The molecule reacting with AHN-7 was markedly heterogeneous, appearing as several forms ranging in pl from 4.5 to 6.4 with apparent molecular weights from 43,000 to 68,000. The molecules were not disutfide-linked. Proteins bearing the antigen were minor components of the plasma membrane. The antigen was expressed by normal human peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, and weakly on a small percentage of lymphocytes; it was not detected in red blood cells, platelets, or the majority of lymphocytes. The antibody also bound to a variety of human myeloid leukemia cell lines but not to any lymphoid leukemia cell line tested. AHN-7 had no effect on several in vitro neutrophil functions tested.
Surface Charge of Resident, Elicited, and Activated Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages
Authors: Silva Riho Fernando C , Santos Ana B S , de Carvalho Técia M U , de Souza Wanderley 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The surface charpa of resident, thioglycollate-elicited, and Trypanosoma cruzi-ectivated mouse peritoneal macrophages was analyzed using cell electrophoresis. AN macrophages had a net negative surface charge. Activated macrophages had a lower zeta potential and a higher isoelectrophoretic point than resident and elicited macrophages. The populations of resident, elicited, and activated macrophages were heterogeneous in terms of surface charge. The analysis of the effect of the pH of the solution in which the macrophages were suspended on their cellular electrophoretic mobility (EPM) indicated that their surface contained both positively and negatively charged dissociating groups. The contribution of sialic acid residuos to the surface change was determined by analyzing the effect of neuraminidase treatment on the EPM of the cells. Activated mecrophages possessed more sialic add residuos exposed on their surface, and sensitive to the neuraminidase from Clostridium perfrigens, than resident and elicited macrophages. Treatment of the cells with the neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae, however, reduced the surface charge of all macrophages in about the same extent. Macrophages had their mean EPM reduced when Incubated in the presence of Ca++, suggesting that some cell surface anionogenic sites have Ca++-binding capacity.
Modulation of the Pattern of Development of Experimental Disseminated Leishmaniasis by Corynebacterium pareum
Authors: Hill Joseph O 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
BALB/c mice are extremely susceptible to Leishmania major. In this mouse strain, the parasite multiplies progressively and rapidly disseminates to distant visceral and cutaneous sites. The present studies show, however, that if BALB/c mice are infected with the L major as an admixture with formalin-killed corynebacterlum parvum, they rapidly acquire the capacity to restrain the multiplication of the parasite at the site of inoculation, and prevent its dissemination to distant visceral sites. Moreover, admixture-treated mice subsequently develop systemic resistance to reinfection. Although the ability of C parvum to activate nonspecific microbicidal mechanisms of macrophages may be involved, the requirement that the adjuvant be given with the parasite Inoculum Is interpreted to suggest that C parvum facilitates the development of a protective immune response to the parasite.
Ultrastructural Localization of Lysozyme in Human Neutrophils by Immunogold
Authors: Cramer Elisabeth M , Breton-Gorius Janine 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The subcellular localization of lysozyme (LZ) has been investigated by immunogold electron microscopic cytochemistry in human neutrophils from bone marrow and blood. Intact cells or subcellular granule fractions were fixed in glutaraldehyde and embedded in glycol methacrylate. Thin sections were incubated with monospecific antibodies followed by antiglobulins coupled to colloidal gold. LZ was detected within both elliptical and spherical primary granules in bone marrow neutrophil promyelocytes. In myelocytes and more mature neutrophils immunolabeling for LZ was observed within the primary granules, although fainter than in promyelocytes. However secondary granules from bone marrow and blood neutrophils were not consistently labeled by gold particles. Immunogold staining was then performed on sections of subcellular fractions of secondary granules: immunogold staining of lactoferrin demonstrated 95% of secondary granules in this fraction. Labeling for LZ of this granule fraction was intense, and except that the few primary granules were also labeled, looked similar to that of lactoferrin.
In conclusion, this study is the first to utilize electron microscopic cytochemistry to show that LZ is present in both the primary and secondary granules of blood and bone marrow neutrophils. This technique has the advantage of allowing LZ distribution to be studied within a single organelle and/or in relation to the rest of the cell structure.
The chemokine information source: identification and characterization of novel chemokines using the WorldWideWeb and Expressed Sequence Tag Databases
Authors: Wells Timothy N C , Peitsch Manuel C 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The chemokine superfamily is a large group of more than 30 small proteins. Many of these were originally identified because of their role in the selective recruitment and activation of leukocytes during inflammation. More recently, some of the chemokine receptors and ligands have been implicated in the mechanism of viral infection for primate lentiviruses such as HIV-1. From the original identification of interleukin-8 (IL-8; the most studied member of the superfamily), the number of new family members has mushroomed over the last few years. Two events have dramatically altered the speed at which sequence information concerning novel chemokines has become available to the scientific community. First, many groups have been obtaining large amounts of sequence information from cDNA libraries by sequencing the clones at random, generating expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Although these ESTs are relatively short, typically less than 500 bases, this amount of sequence is usually sufficient to obtain the entire open reading frame for chemokines. Second, there has been a rapid growth in the use of the WorldWideWeb by bioinformatics groups. The Web was originally set up by the European Centre for Particle Physics (CERN) in Geneva as a method of transferring data between collaborating groups throughout the world. It has enabled biologists throughout the world to have almost instantaneous access both to the databases containing the EST sequences and to the automated tools that are required for searching such databases. With such methods we have been able to rapidly identify more than 10 new human chemokines from public domain databases. In addition to the known categories of chemokines, which are named C, CC, and CXC based on the spacings of N-terminal cysteine residues, we have been able to identify the first member of a novel chemokine subfamily, with a novel CXXXC cysteine spacing. Furthermore, we can subdivide the CC chemokines into monocyte chemotactic protein and macrophage inflammatory protein families based on their sequence identity levels, but also their clustering on the human genome, as identified on other Web sites. The rapid availability of all this data has reduced the amount of time spent on conventional gene identification, enabling us to move quickly on to trying to understand the biology and physiological relevance of these molecules. The novel chemokine sequences obtained and alignments with existing members of the superfamily are now contained within a Chemokine Information Source on an open access server, allowing further searching of chemokine sequences and increasing the availability of such data to the scientific community.
TNF receptors in the microvascular pathology of acute respiratory distress syndrome and cerebral malaria
Authors: Lucas Rudolf , Lou Jinning , Morel Denis R , Ricou Bara , Suter Peter M , Grau Georges E 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) is a major target of inflammatory cytokines overproduced in conditions such as sepsis and infectious diseases. We addressed the direct and indirect effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on endothelial cells that can be relevant for the pathogenesis of septic shock, with particular attention to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to cerebral malaria (CM). To identify functional and phenotypical changes occurring in MVEC during sepsis, we isolated these cells from the lungs of patients who died of ARDS. The constitutive expression of ICAM-1 and, to a lesser extent, VCAM-1, CD14, and TNFR2 were significantly increased on MVEC isolated from ARDS patients compared with control MVEC, whereas ELAM-1 and TNFR1 were not increased. We found that lung MVEC from ARDS patients present a procoagulant profile and a higher production capacity of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 when compared with those from controls. As in pulmonary MVEC derived from ARDS patients, the only TNFR type found upregulated in brain microvessels during CM was TNFR2. This increase in TNFR2 expression only occurred in CM-susceptible mice at the onset of the neurological syndrome. We therefore investigated the role of TNFR2 in the development of this brain pathology by comparing the incidence of CM in wild-type and TNF receptor knock-out mice. Unexpectedly, the genetic deficiency in TNFR2, but not in TNFR1, conferred protection against CM and its associated mortality. No ICAM-1 upregulation was detected in the brain of Tnfr2° mice, indicating a close correlation between protection against CM-associated brain damage, absence of TNFR2, and absence of ICAM-1 upregulation in the brain. Our results in ARDS and CM indicate a specific upregulation of TNFR2, but not of TNFR1, on lung and brain MVEC, respectively. This increased expression leads to a reduced sensitivity toward TNFR1-mediated phenomena, such as the sensitized TNF cytolytic activity on lung MVEC. In contrast, the sensitivity toward TNFR2-mediated effects, such as ICAM-1 induction by membrane-bound TNF, is increased on brain and lung MVEC expressing increased levels of TNFR2. Therefore, the ICAM-1-inducing effect, rather than the direct cytotoxicity of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, appears to be crucial in ARDS and CM-induced endothelial damage, and TNFR2 seems to play an important role in this activity in vivo.
Regulation of ciprofloxacin uptake in human promyelocytic leukemia cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Authors: Loo Kwor C , Cario Anthony C , Zhang Fanjie , Walters John D 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) actively internalize ciprofloxacin, a capability that can enhance killing of intracellular bacteria and facilitate delivery of the antimicrobial agent to infection sites by migrating PMNs. In this study we investigated mechanisms for upregulation of this process. Activation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP; 100 nM) enhanced PMN ciprofloxacin uptake by 50% (P &lt; 0.05). Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA; 10 nM) enhanced uptake by at least 36-fold, mainly by stimulating an increase in the Vmax of the ciprofloxacin transporter. This effect of PMA was inhibited by antagonists of protein kinase C (H7 and chelerythrine) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade downstream (PD 098059). Under resting and PMA-activated conditions, ciprofloxacin uptake by immature human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells was much lower than in PMNs. However, when HL-60 cells were induced to mature into PMN-like cells, their ciprofloxacin uptake activity increased markedly. These findings implicate a role for protein kinase C in upregulation of the ciprofloxacin transporter and suggest that myeloid cells acquire an enhanced ability to take up ciprofloxacin as they mature to end-stage PMNs.
Preliminary characterization of diacylglycerol generation in human basophils: temporal relationship to histamine release and resolution of degranulation
Authors: Oriente Alfonso , Hundley Thomas , Hubbard Walter C , MacGlashan Donald W 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Purified human basophils were examined for changes in diacylglycerol levels to determine whether the transient nature of a N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) -stimulated elevation in membrane protein kinase C (PKC) activity could be explained by the transient production of diacylglycerol (DAG). In preliminary experiments total DAG levels were measured by the DAG kinase assay. Althrough elevations followed stimulation with 1 μM fMLP (basal levels of 15 pmol/106 basophils vs. 45 pmol/106 basophils at the 3-min time point), there were no detectable changes in the first 60 s of the reaction. Histamine release is typically complete by 30-45 s. Measurement of inositol trisphosphate indicated a rapid increase by 5 s of 2.5 pmol/106 basophils. If DAG were produced at similar levels, the DAG kinase assay would not have detected the elevation. Consequently, fMLP-stimulated basophils were examined for changes in 1-stearoyl, 2-arachidonoyl, 3-sn-glycerol (SA-DAG) and 1-oleoyl, 2-arachidonoyl, 3-sn-glycerol by GC-NICIMS (negative ion chemical ionization mass spectroscopy). A 5-s elevation in these two species averaged 2 pmol/106 basophils, consistent with the inositol trisphosphate levels and occurring during the period of histamine release. However, a much more pronounced second phase to the SA-DAG response also occurred, mirroring the total DAG levels. This second phase of the DAG response, either total or SA-DAG, was transient on a time scale temporally coincident with the appearance and resolution of degranulation sacs as measured by fluorescence microscopy. These data suggest that there is selective generation of DAG species in the early reaction and the later appearance of DAG may be related to the formation and resolution of granule structures that follow the secretion of histamine.
Contrasting effects of α- and β-androstenediol on oncogenic myeloid cell lines in vitro
Authors: Huynh P N , Loria R M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The in vitro effects of 17αAED, the isomer of 5-androstene-3β,17β diol (17βAED) on the basal growth of murine RAW 264.7, P388D1, and human HL-60 cells were investigated. 17αAED treatment of RAW cells for 48 h reduced total cell number without increasing cell death as detected by trypan blue exclusion. At these doses, DNA synthesis as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation was suppressed by as much as 65%, P &lt; 0.05. This effect was time- and dose-dependent and reversible on removal of the steroid. Similar results were obtained with P388D1 and human HL-60 cell lines. At 50 nM or above, 17αAED induced apoptosis in RAW cells and HL-60 as detected by transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL assays. By contrast, treating cells with the isomer 17βAED had no such effect. These data suggest that the balance between the anti-proliferative effect of 17αAED and the proliferative effects of 17βAED may determine the overall level of myelopoiesis.
Up-regulation of Tie gene expression by leukemia inhibitory factor and steel factor in CD34+ cells from human umbilical cord blood
Authors: Ge Yue , Li Zhi-Hua , Yung Yee-Pang , Ratzkin Barry J , Broxmeyer Hal E , Lu Li 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Tie, a new receptor tyrosine kinase, is expressed in vascular endothelial and hematopoietic cells. To determine whether Tie might be involved in early hematopoiesis, we asked whether the Tie gene is expressed in normal human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and if the expression of this gene could be regulated. Using a single-cell reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to study expression of the Tie gene in the subset of human umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD34+ + + primitive stem/ progenitor cells with extensive replating capacity, we demonstrated at the single isolated cell level that Tie was expressed in these cells. The expression of Tie gene in CD34+ cells was at a low level but was enhanced up to two- to fourfold by steel factor (SLF) or leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), two cytokines that regulate production of stem/progenitor cells, as assessed using competitive PCR and semiquantitative RT-PCR assays. The fold increases were observed as early as 2 h for SLF and 4 h for LIF and remained elevated for 24 h. These results demonstrate modulation of gene regulation in the rare populations of CD34+ cells and suggest the possibility that Tie may play a role in the proliferation and differentiation of immature hematopoietic cells.
Long‐term rainfall regression surfaces for the Kruger National Park, South Africa: a spatio‐temporal review of patterns from 1981 to 2015
Authors: MacFadyen Sandra , Zambatis Nick , Van Teeffelen Astrid J. A. , Hui Cang 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAs an important bottom‐up driver of ecosystem processes, rainfall is intrinsically linked to the dynamics of vegetation and species distributions through its effects on soil moisture content and surface water availability. Rainfall effects are thus spatially and temporally specific to different environmental role‐players. Knowledge of its spatio‐temporal pattern is therefore essential to understanding natural ecosystem flux and potential climate change effects. Climate change poses a serious threat to protected areas in particular, as they are often isolated in fragmented landscapes and confined within hard park boundaries. In consequence, a species' natural movement response to resulting climate‐induced niche shifts is often obstructed. Long‐term, accurate and consistent climate monitoring data are therefore important resources for managers in large protected areas like the Kruger National Park (Kruger). In this article we model local rainfall measurements as a function of global rainfall surfaces, elevation and distance to the ocean using a generalized additive mixed effects model to produce fine‐scale (1 km2) monthly rainfall surfaces from July 1981 to June 2015. Results show a clear seasonal cycle nested within an oscillating multi‐decadal trend. Most noticeably, seasonality is shifting both temporally and spatially as rainfall moves outside of the typical dry/wet periods and areas. In addition, high‐rainfall seasons are generally receiving more rainfall while low‐rainfall seasons are receiving less. Northwestern regions of the park are experiencing more extreme annual rainfall differences, while far northern and southern regions show greater seasonality changes. The well‐described north–south and east–west rainfall gradient is still visible but the spatial complexity of this pattern is more pronounced than expected. Taken together, we show that Kruger's spatio‐temporal rainfall patterns are changing significantly in the short to medium term. The resulting raster data set is made freely available to promote holistic ecosystem studies and support longer‐term climate change research (http://dataknp.sanparks.org/sanparks/).
A fairly strong stability result for parabolic quasiminimizers
Authors: Fujishima Yohei , Habermann Jens , Masson Mathias 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper we consider parabolic Q‐quasiminimizers related to the p‐Laplace equation in . In particular, we focus on the stability problem with respect to the parameters p and Q. It is known that, if , then parabolic quasiminimizers with fixed initial‐boundary data on converge to the parabolic minimizer strongly in under suitable further structural assumptions. Our concern is whether or not we can obtain even stronger convergence. We will show a fairly strong stability result.
Utility of chromosomal microarray in anomalous fetuses
Authors: Parchem Jacqueline G. , Sparks Teresa N. , Gosnell Kristen , Norton Mary E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the association of copy number variants (CNV) with perinatal outcomes among fetuses with sonographic abnormalities.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of anomalous fetuses evaluated at a single fetal center, who underwent chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing. Pathogenic CNV or variants of uncertain significance were classified as abnormal. The primary outcome of perinatal death was compared among fetuses with normal vs abnormal CMA. Secondary outcomes included preterm birth, small for gestational age birth weight, and death prior to discharge. The odds ratio (OR) of perinatal death was determined, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOf 280 fetuses, 60 (21.4%) had abnormal CMA results—21 (35.0%) were classified as pathogenic, 39 (65.0%) were variants of uncertain significance. Among 212 (75.7%) continuing pregnancies, abnormal CMA was not associated with increased odds of perinatal death (adjusted OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.34‐1.93), after adjustment for the presence of hydrops and specific anomalies. The overall frequency of perinatal death was 21.2%. No differences in secondary outcomes were observed.ConclusionsAbnormal CMA was not associated with increased odds of perinatal death in this cohort. Fetal CNV are common among fetal center patients; such fetuses are at high risk of perinatal death irrespective of CMA results.
Synthesis of nanoparticle‐immobilized antioxidants and their antioxidative performances in polymer matrices: a review
Authors: Lu Ming , Liu Peng , Wang Feng , Ding Yanfen , Zhang Shimin , Yang Mingshu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAntioxidants are used to improve the thermo‐oxidative stability of polymers during processing and to prolong the service life of polymer materials. Immobilizing antioxidants onto nanoparticles is one of the approaches for reducing their physical losses. Research on the design, synthesis and application of nanoparticle‐immobilized antioxidants is reviewed in this article. These kinds of ‘nano‐antioxidants’ reveal good resistance against extraction and show good antioxidative efficiency during long‐term thermal aging, and therefore will have great potential in practical use for improving the stability of polymer materials. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry