bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdependent Diversities: Reflections on the Community‐Diversity Dialectic
Authors: Townley Greg 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis commentary reflects on the Community‐Diversity Dialectic, summarizing its development and reviewing its impact on community psychology research and practice. Two contemporary examples are presented to illustrate both the possibilities of and challenges to bridging the gap between sense of community and diversity: the rise of the so‐called “alt‐right” on the one hand, and the popularity of Pokémon Go on the other. The article concludes with a brief discussion of Kurt Lewin's contributions to group dynamics theory, recommending that an emphasis on our interdependent fates and goals is paramount to reconciling the tensions between sense of community and diversity that persist in an increasingly complex multicultural world.
The final state of gravitational collapse in Eddington‐inspired Born‐Infeld theory
Authors: Tavakoli Yaser , Escamilla‐Rivera Celia , Fabris Júlio C. 
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we address the implications when a homogeneous dust model is considered for a scenario of gravitational collapse in the context of Eddington‐inspired Born‐Infeld (EiBI) theory. In order to describe the dynamical evolution of the collapse, we present an effective equation, which constitutes the first order corrections, in EiBI coupling parameter κ, to Einstein's field equations. The geometry outside the collapsing object is derived by imposing the standard Darmois‐Israel junction conditions at the boundary surface of the dust. This induces an effective matter source in the outer region which gives rise to a non‐singular, non‐Schwarzschild geometry at the final state of the collapse. For this exterior geometry, we find the threshold of mass for the formation of the black hole. This provides a cut‐off over κ as .
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Synthesis of Air‐Stable Cyclopentadienyl Fe(CO)2 (Fp) Polymers by a Host–Guest Interaction of Cyclodextrin with Air‐Sensitive Fp Pendant Groups
Authors: Zhou Na , Peng Liao , Salgado Shehan , Yuan Jinying , Wang Xiaosong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHost–guest chemistry is used to address the challenge of the synthesis of air‐stable polymers containing air‐sensitive metal complexes. The complexation of the CpFe(CO)2 (Fp) pendent group with cyclodextrin (CD) molecules created air‐stable poly(Fp‐methylstyrene) P(CD/FpMSt). This CD complexation resulted in dimerization of the adjacent Fp groups, which was characterized by NMR, FTIR, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) analyses. P(CD/FpMSt) was soluble in DMSO and remained stable even the solution was exposed to air for months. The host–guest chemistry accounted for the improved stability, because the Fp groups decomposed upon removal of the CD molecules using competing guest molecules. The CD‐complexed polymer showed light‐trigged properties, including CO release and antimicrobial activity. Host–guest chemistry of air‐sensitive organometallic complexes is therefore a promising technique that can be used to broaden the scope of metal‐containing polymers (MCPs) with processable novel functions.
Metal‐Free Intermolecular Aminoarylation of Alkynes
Authors: Rabet Pauline T. G. , Boyd Scott , Greaney Michael F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA metal‐free aminoarylation of internal alkynes is described, yielding tetrasubstituted enaminoates. The transformation proceeds in good to excellent yields through a tandem conjugate addition/Smiles rearrangement involving aryl and heteroaryl sulfonamides. Substrate scope is very broad under simple, user‐friendly conditions, and the reaction can be used to easily access biologically active phenethylamine derivatives.
An Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Dihydroartemisinic Aldehyde
Authors: Demiray Melodi , Tang Xiaoping , Wirth Thomas , Faraldos Juan A. , Allemann Rudolf K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractArtemisinin from the plant Artemisia annua is the most potent pharmaceutical for the treatment of malaria. In the plant, the sesquiterpene cyclase amorphadiene synthase, a cytochrome‐dependent CYP450, and an aldehyde reductase convert farnesyl diphosphate (FDP) into dihydroartemisinic aldehyde (DHAAl), which is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of artemisinin and a semisynthetic precursor for its chemical synthesis. Here, we report a chemoenzymatic process that is able to deliver DHAAl using only the sesquiterpene synthase from a carefully designed hydroxylated FDP derivative. This process, which reverses the natural order of cyclization of FDP and oxidation of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, provides a significant improvement in the synthesis of DHAAl and demonstrates the potential of substrate engineering in the terpene synthase mediated synthesis of high‐value natural products.
Programmable Nanoassemblies from Non‐Assembling Homopolymers Using Ad Hoc Electrostatic Interactions
Authors: Zhuang Jiaming , Garzoni Matteo , Torres Diego Amado , Poe Ambata , Pavan Giovanni M. , Thayumanavan S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRobust nanostructures were obtained from polymers that otherwise do not assemble by using a novel approach based on electrostatic self‐assembly. The essence of this strategy involves the use of divalent counterions to temporarily perturb the packing features of the ionic groups in a homopolymer, which results in a vesicle‐like structure that is captured in situ through a simple crosslinking reaction. The fidelity of the assembly has been tested for molecular transport across the nanomembrane, both for the molecules encapsulated in the lumen and for those trapped in the membrane itself. The membranes are addressable for robust multifunctionalization of their surfaces and for tunable transmembrane molecular transport.
Rationally Designed Carbon Nanodots towards Pure White‐Light Emission
Authors: Arcudi Francesca , Đorđević Luka , Prato Maurizio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe report a rational synthesis of carbon nanodots (CNDs) aimed at tailoring their emission, starting from a reasoned choice of organic precursors. To showcase the potential of this approach in a field such as optoelectronics, we designed experiments aimed at preparing materials that emit across the entire visible spectrum. Specifically, using precursors such as arginine, ethylenediamine, naphthalene dianhydride, and 2,6‐dibromonaphtalene dianhydride, in appropriate ratios, it was possible to obtain pure white‐light (0.33, 0.33; CIE coordinates) emitting carbon nanodots (WCNDs) through a one‐step microwave‐assisted synthesis and facile purification. The characterization and properties of this novel nanomaterial is discussed.
Decomposition characteristics of compound additive and effect of roasting atmosphere on vanadium extraction from stone coal
Authors: Zhao Yunliang , Kang Shichang , Wang Wei , Zhang Yimin , Song Shaoxian , Bao Shenxu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this work, the decomposition characteristics of compound additive (NaCl and Na2SO4) were investigated by thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry–mass spectrometry coupling techniques. The results showed that the decomposition of NaCl was prior to that of Na2SO4 and the chlorine was generated during roasting. When the chlorine concentration is more than 2%, the phenomenon of vanadium volatilization becomes obvious in the process of roasting of stone coal. However, the chlorine concentration is less than 50 p.p.m. for the compound additive roasting, which would not cause the vanadium emission. The oxygen concentration of more than 5% is sufficient for oxidizing V(III) in the stone coal to water soluble V(V). Copyright © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A random acrylate copolymer with epoxy‐amphiphilic structure as an efficient toughener for an epoxy/anhydride system
Authors: Zhao Fangqiao , Fei Xiaoma , Wei Wei , Ye Weitao , Luo Jing , Chen Yaxin , Zhu Ye , Liu Xiaoya 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTToughening of epoxy resin by block copolymers containing an epoxy‐philic block and an epoxy‐phobic block is usually costly because of their complex preparation procedure. In this work, a novel, random epoxy‐amphiphilic copolymer (PHGEL), which combines an “epoxy‐philic” component and an “epoxy‐phobic” component, has been synthesized and evaluated as a potential toughening agent for a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A–based epoxy thermoset (EP). The curing behavior of the EP/PHGEL system has been investigated, and the results show that the hydroxyl group on the PHGEL chain can slightly activate the curing reaction. The mechanical testing shows that the toughness of the epoxy resin is improved by 294% when 4 wt % of PHGEL is added. Simultaneously, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and glass‐transition temperature are also improved. In addition, the thermogravimetric analysis shows that PHGEL has no obvious effect on the thermal stability of the epoxy thermosets. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44863.
In situ preparation of graphene‐ZnO composites for enhanced graphite exfoliation and graphene‐nylon‐6 composite films
Authors: Hossain Muhammad Mohsin , Shima Hossain , Lee Insup , Hahn Jae Ryang 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTAn effective method for the fabrication of graphene‐ZnO nanoparticle (GZN) composites has been developed. GZN composites with high electrical conductivity (18,607 S/m) are prepared in situ from graphite‐ZnO composites. The GZN composites also exhibit visible‐light absorption and enable the effective exfoliation of graphite. The presence of the ZnO nanoparticles assists the exfoliation of graphite and enables the preparation of solutions of highly dispersed and concentrated graphene sheets (2.7 mg/mL) that exhibit high electrical conductivity without reduction (40,404 S/m). A solution of graphene sheets was used to produce a graphene‐nylon‐6 film with an excellent Young's modulus (3 GPa) and a high tensile strength (109 MPa). An exclusive mechanism was proposed for the improvement of mechanical properties of the nylon‐6 composite film. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45034.
Swelling of polyethylene particles and its relation to sorption equilibria under gas‐phase polymerization conditions
Authors: Podivinská Martina , Jindrová Klára , Chmelař Josef , Kosek Juraj 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe attempts to predict the swelling of semicrystalline polyolefins using equations of state have not been successful so far and the few conducted experimental investigations have been limited to a narrow range of samples and conditions. This article presents a systematic video‐microscopic study of the swelling induced in various grades of PE particles by the sorption of ethylene and co‐monomers (propylene, 1‐hexene) at condition relevant to gas‐phase polymerization. Based on experimental data for various PE densities, the swelling factor H was evaluated, which enables the prediction of PE swelling by ethylene. The swelling data were compared with the corresponding gravimetrically measured sorption isotherms. In the case of ethylene and propylene sorption, the swelling significantly influences the evaluation of sorption isotherms. Conversely, the effect of swelling was negligible for higher hydrocarbons. The observed impact of swelling on the sorption is discussed based on the evaluated partial molar volumes of penetrants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45035.
Convenient approach to making nanocomposites based on a chitosan–poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) polymer matrix and a graphene nanofiller
Authors: Kholkhoev Bato Ch. , Bal'zhinov Sergei A. , Makotchenko Viktor G. , Fedorov Vladimir E. , Farion Ivan A. , Kozlova Maria N. , Timashev Petr S. , Burdukovskii Vitalii F. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTConducting, mechanically durable, elastic nanocomposite films were prepared with chitosan (CS) as the polymer matrix, graphene obtained from highly exfoliated graphite as the nanofiller, and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as the stabilizer of the graphene sheets. The maximum graphene content in the composites without a loss of uniformity and other useful properties increased up to 4.0 wt %. The resulting composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, mechanical testing, and electrical conductivity testing to determine the effects of the addition of graphene on the morphology and mechanical and electrical properties of the CS–PVP–graphene nanocomposite films. In this study, we took an approach to making nanocomposites from the perspectives of green chemistry, environmental protection, regenerative medicine, and low cost. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45038.
An Immunohistochemical Approach to Identify the Sex of Young Marine Turtles
Authors: Tezak Boris M. , Guthrie Kathleen , Wyneken Jeanette 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTMarine turtles exhibit temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD). During critical periods of embryonic development, the nest's thermal environment directs whether an embryo will develop as a male or female. At warmer sand temperatures, nests tend to produce female‐biased sex ratios. The rapid increase of global temperature highlights the need for a clear assessment of its effects on sea turtle sex ratios. However, estimating hatchling sex ratios at rookeries remains imprecise due to the lack of sexual dimorphism in young marine turtles. We rely mainly upon laparoscopic procedures to verify hatchling sex; however, in some species, morphological sex can be ambiguous even at the histological level. Recent studies using immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques identified that embryonic snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) ovaries overexpressed a particular cold‐induced RNA‐binding protein in comparison to testes. This feature allows the identification of females vs. males. We modified this technique to successfully identify the sexes of loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) hatchlings, and independently confirmed the results by standard histological and laparoscopic methods that reliably identify sex in this species. We next tested the CIRBP IHC method on gonad samples from leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea). Leatherbacks display delayed gonad differentiation, when compared to other sea turtles, making hatchling gonads difficult to sex using standard H&E stain histology. The IHC approach was successful in both C. caretta and D. coriacea samples, offering a much‐needed tool to establish baseline hatchling sex ratios, particularly for assessing impacts of climate change effects on leatherback turtle hatchlings and sea turtle demographics. Anat Rec, 300:1512–1518, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pyridinium‐Substituted TetraphenylethyleneEntailing Alkyne Moiety: Enhancement of Photosensitizing Efficiency and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: You Xue , Ma Huili , Wang Yuancheng , Zhang Guanxin , Peng Qian , Liu Libing , Wang Shu , Zhang Deqing 
Published: March 2017

AbstractApart from sensing and imaging, luminogens with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) are also interesting for photosensitizing. The photosensitizing behavior and bacteria‐killing performance of a pyridinium‐substituted tetraphenylethylene with an alkyne group (TPE‐A‐Py+) is reported herein. Interestingly, TPE‐A‐Py+ exhibits higher photosensitizing efficiency than TPE‐Py+ (without alkyne group) when I− was used as a counteranion. This is well explained by the fact that the ΔΕST between the excited singlet state (S1) and triplet state (T1) was lower for TPE‐A‐Py+ than for TPE‐Py+, according to theoretical calculations. Moreover, replacement of I− with other anions (PF6−, N(SO2CF3)2− and BPh4−) led to a decrease of photosensitizing efficiency for TPE‐A‐Py+. Notably, TPE‐A‐Py+ could be used as an efficient photosensitizer to photo‐inactivate ampicillin‐resistant (ampr) E. coli at low concentration under white‐light irradiation very quickly.
Magnesium and molecular crowding of the cosolutes stabilize the i‐motif structure at physiological pH
Authors: Saxena Sarika , Joshi Savita , Shankaraswamy J. , Tyagi Shikhar , Kukreti Shrikant 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMost of the important genomic regions, especially the G,C rich gene promoters, consist of sequences with potential to form G,C‐tetraplexes on both the DNA strands. In this study, we used three C‐rich oligonucleotides (11Py, 21Py, and HTPy), of which 11Py and 21Py are located at various transcriptional regulatory elements of the human genome while HTPy sequence is a C‐rich strand of human telomere sequence. These C‐rich oligonucleotides formed i‐motif structures, verified by Circular Dichroism (CD), UV absorption melting experiments, and native gel electrophoresis. The CD spectra revealed that 11Py and 21Py form i‐motif structures at acidic pH values of 4.5 and 5.7 in the presence of 100 mM NaCl but remain unstructured at pH 7.0. However, 21Py can form stable i‐motif structure even at neutral pH in presence of 1 mM MgCl2. UV‐thermal melting studies showed stabilization of 21Py i‐motif at pH 5.7 in the presence of Na+ or K+ with increasing concentration of MgCl2 or CaCl2 from 1 to 10 mM. Significant shift in the CD peak of HTPy sequence was observed as the positive peak from 286 nm shifted to 276 nm while the negative peak from 265 to 254 nm. Further, inevitable necessity of 1 mM Mg2+ to form i‐motif structure at neutral pH was observed. Under similar ionic conditions and neutral pH, all the three C‐rich sequences were able to form stable i‐motif structures (11Py, 21Py) or altered i‐motif/homoduplex structures (HTPy) in the presence of MgCl2 and cell mimicking molecular crowding conditions of 40 wt% PEG 200. It is concluded that presence of Mg2+ ions and molecular crowding agents induce and stabilize i‐motif structures at physiological solution environment.
Cyanobacterial carbon metabolism: Fluxome plasticity and oxygen dependence
Authors: Wan Ni , DeLorenzo Drew M. , He Lian , You Le , Immethun Cheryl M. , Wang George , Baidoo Edward E. K. , Hollinshead Whitney , Keasling Jay D. , Moon Tae Seok , Tang Yinjie J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTSynechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 has been widely used as a photo‐biorefinery chassis. Based on its genome annotation, this species contains a complete TCA cycle, an Embden‐Meyerhof‐Parnas pathway (EMPP), an oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP), and an Entner–Doudoroff pathway (EDP). To evaluate how Synechocystis 6803 catabolizes glucose under heterotrophic conditions, we performed 13C metabolic flux analysis, metabolite pool size analysis, gene knockouts, and heterologous expressions. The results revealed a cyclic mode of flux through the OPPP. Small, but non‐zero, fluxes were observed through the TCA cycle and the malic shunt. Independent knockouts of 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (gnd) and malic enzyme (me) corroborated these results, as neither mutant could grow under dark heterotrophic conditions. Our data also indicate that Synechocystis 6803 metabolism relies upon oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP from NADPH under dark or insufficient light conditions. The pool sizes of intermediates in the TCA cycle, particularly acetyl‐CoA, were found to be several fold lower in Synechocystis 6803 (compared to E. coli metabolite pool sizes), while its sugar phosphate intermediates were several‐fold higher. Moreover, negligible flux was detected through the native, or heterologous, EDP in the wild type or Δgnd strains under heterotrophic conditions. Comparing photoautotrophic, photomixotrophic, and heterotrophic conditions, the Calvin cycle, OPPP, and EMPP in Synechocystis 6803 possess the ability to regulate their fluxes under various growth conditions (plastic), whereas its TCA cycle always maintains at low levels (rigid). This work also demonstrates how genetic profiles do not always reflect actual metabolic flux through native or heterologous pathways. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1593–1602. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review of the role of biomarkers in diagnosing anastomotic leakage following colorectal surgery
Authors: Su'a B U , Mikaere H L , Rahiri J L , Bissett I B , Hill A G 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic leakage (AL) following colorectal surgery can be difficult to diagnose owing to varying clinical presentations. This systematic review aimed to assess biomarkers as potential diagnostic tests for preclinical detection of AL.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. All published studies evaluating biomarkers, both systemic and peritoneal, in the context of AL following colorectal surgery were included. Studies were sought in three electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed and Embase) from January 1990 to June 2016.ResultsThirty-six studies evaluated 51 different biomarkers in the context of AL after colorectal surgery. Biomarkers included markers of ischaemia and inflammation, and microbiological markers, and were measured in both peritoneal drain fluid and the systemic circulation. The most commonly evaluated peritoneal drain fluid biomarkers were interleukin (IL) 6, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor. Significantly raised drain levels in the early postoperative period were reported to be associated with the development of AL. C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and leucocytes were the most commonly evaluated systemic biomarkers with significant negative and positive predictive values. Associated area under the curve values ranged from 0·508 to 0·960.ConclusionPeritoneal drain fluid and systemic biomarkers are poor predictors of AL after colorectal surgery. Combinations of these biomarkers showed improvement in predictive accuracy.
Public narratives on human mobility: Countering technocratic and humanitarian refugee narratives with a “one‐world” solidarity narrative
Authors: Mahendran Kesi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article articulates a one‐world narrative, which reconfigures human mobility in dialogical response to the ideational borders of the European Union. Fifty‐two semi‐structured interviews, in Scotland and Sweden, bring participants, ranging from people with refugee status to the generationally nonmobile, into dialogue with the integration ideals of the European Union. Within this ideational space, participants employ I‐positional dialogical capacities such as “outsideness” and “multivoicedness” to articulate a postnational “one‐world” solidarity narrative (OWN). OWN is revealed as distinct from a posthuman “one‐earth” sustainability narrative, which was found to “border” and delimit mobility. Three dimensions of OWN, (a) borders as constructed; (b) citizen of the world; and (c) accidental nature of existence, together repoliticise depoliticised technocratic reasoning, culturalism, and the asymmetries of humanitarian narratives on refugees. In conclusion, articulating the public's dialogical capacities is key to moving beyond public opinion towards public dialogue on vexed political questions such as immigration.
High‐Pressure Accelerated Enantioselective Addition of Indoles to Trifluoromethyl Ketones with a Low Loading of Chiral BINOL‐Derived Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Biedrzycki Michał , Kasztelan Adrian , Kwiatkowski Piotr 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe effect of pressure (up to 10 kbar) on the Brønsted acid catalyzed enantioselective hydroxyalkylation of indoles with trifluoromethyl ketones was explored. The reaction was effectively accelerated at 9 kbar with a very low loading of a 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL) ‐derived phosphoric acid (0.05–0.2 mol % of TRIP) and provided the products with high enantioselectivity (84–98 % ee).