bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of satellite-based operational analyses and ship-based in-situ observations of sea surface temperatures over the eastern Canadian shelf
Authors: Wu Yongsheng 
Published: March 2016

The satellite-based operational sea surface temperature (SST) was compared to the ship-based in-situ SSTs established by the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP) over the eastern Canadian shelf (ECS) for a 3-year anal-ysis period (2005–2007). Two sets of operational SST analyses were considered in this study, with one set produced by the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) and the other produced by the National Centers for Environmental Predic-tion (NCEP). The comparative study indicated that there was no appreciable systematic difference between the CMC and NCEP SST analyses over the ECS. The root mean squared difference (RMSD) between the AZMP ship-based in-situ SSTs and the satellite-based STT analyses over the ECS was about 1.0°C, without any obvious seasonal or geo-graphic trend. The RMSDs were relatively larger over the outer flank of the Grand Banks than the other regions of the ECS, mainly due to dynamically complicated circulation and hydrographic conditions over this shelf break area associated with the Labrador Current.
Assessing the conditions of rural road networks in South Africa using visual observations and field-based manual measurements: A case study of four rural communities in Kwa-Zulu Natal
Authors: Nkomo S'phumelele Lucky , Desai Sumaiya , Peerbhay Kabir 
Published: March 2016

<p>The present study used visual observation and field-based measurements to assess the physical conditions of Minor roads (R3), Collector roads (R4) and Local roads (R5) in four rural communities in Kwa-Zulu Natal Province. The function of these road classes is to provide access from homesteads to main roads that connect rural areas to towns. The aim of this study was to assess the physical conditions of unpaved road networks, with the view to understand the physical, environmental and anthropogenic factors that influence the state of rural roads. Road classes of interest were traversed and a number of surface distresses (such as potholes, rutting, erosion channels, corrugations, loose material and stoniness) were identified and assessed in order to determine the surface conditions of each road class. Thereafter, two classification methods were used to rate the severity and extent of each surface distress on each road class. Results indicate that there was more than one surface distresses identified and assessed on each road class within the selected communities. It was noted that all the road classes had moderate to severe surface distress, except for the R3 road class in Emazabekweni community. The moderate to severe surface distresses reflected problems associated with poor drainage systems and maintenance. Visual observation and field-based methods are useful tools that can aid in identifying and assessing the physical conditions of unpaved roads as well as possible environmental, physical and anthropogenic factors at interplay, especially in resource limited regions. This study recommended that road authorities should ensure that proper drainage systems should be well designed, constructed and maintained on all gravel roads in order to reduce surface deterioration associated with runoff. In addition, road authorities should be carrying out regular monitoring procedures to ensure that surface distresses are identified and resolved during their early stage of development. </p>
PRINCÍPIOS DA RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL NAS RELAÇÕES “EMPRESA-STAKEHOLDERS” COMO FONTE DE VANTAGEM COMPETITIVA
Authors: Feitosa Maria José Da Silva , De Souza Natália Mary Oliveira , Gómez Carla Regina Pasa 
Published: March 2016

<p>Devido à intensa competitividade empresarial, as organizações passaram a visualizar nas relações com todos os seus <em>stakeholders</em> a oportunidade de alcançar vantagem competitiva, visto que estes estão dispostos a reconhecer e recompensar o comportamento ético, transparente e solidário das empresas. Nesse contexto, as medidas de centralidade e densidade servem para mostrar o quão intensas ou incipientes são as relações entre a empresa e seus <em>stakeholders</em>, bem como quão próximas ou distantes as empresas estão na rede de relacionamentos com os <em>stakeholders</em>. É essa intensidade de relações e essa proximidade dos atores na rede de relações que proporcionará uma eficiente disseminação dos princípios da RSE ao longo dessa rede e, portanto, o alcance de vantagem competitiva. Baseando-se nessas considerações, o presente ensaio questiona: como a inserção dos princípios da Responsabilidade Social Empresarial nas relações “empresa-<em>stakeholders</em>”, pode contribuir para o alcance da vantagem competitiva? Para tanto, a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, o estudo propõe um <em>framework</em> que integra as relações “empresa-<em>stakeholders</em>” com RSE. As principais conclusões do estudo apontam que redes relacionais densas entre empresa central e <em>stakeholders</em> podem gerar uma vantagem competitiva total, enquanto que uma empresa com baixa centralidade alocada em uma rede pouco densa apresentará desvantagem competitiva total.</p> <p> </p>
FATORES QUE IMPACTAM A DIVULGAÇÃO VOLUNTÁRIA DE INFORMAÇÕES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS NA PERCEPÇÃO DOS GESTORES
Authors: Moreira Nayara Batista , Dias Filho José Maria , Gomes Sonia Maria da Silva , Conceição Mirian Gomes 
Published: March 2016

<p>O presente estudo buscou identificar, com base na Teoria da Legitimidade, quais os fatores impactam a divulgação voluntária de informações socioambientais na percepção dos gestores. Na tentativa de alcançar tal objetivo, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa descritiva, cuja amostra é composta por gestores de cinco, das dez maiores companhias do setor de energia elétrica no Brasil segundo a Revista Exame 2010. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário e analisados estatisticamente por meio do teste não paramétrico de Kruskall-Wallis, cuja finalidade é comparar a média das respostas coletadas. Os resultados encontrados apontam que os principais fatores que impactam a decisão dos gestores em evidenciar informações socioambientais são as preocupações com a imagem e a reputação da empresa, a valorização das ações, a oportunidade de novas fontes de financiamento e a competitividade empresarial. Assim, este estudo buscou contribuir para a discussão da aplicação da teoria da legitimidade como explicativa para aspectos relacionados com a divulgação voluntária de informações socioambientais.</p> <p> </p>
A prestação jurisdicional como serviço público: a observância do princípio da eficiência e sua relação com a razoável duração do processo
Authors: Migliavacca Luciano De Araujo 
Published: March 2016

O conceito de serviço público revela-se plurívoco na doutrina de acordo com as acepções com que é enfrentado, dando margem às mais variadas interpretações sobre o tema. Nesse sentido, procede-se à análise acerca do enquadramento do Poder Judiciário, enquanto prestador de serviço público, o qual se encontra, notadamente, atrelado aos mandamentos administrativos da Administração Pública e que deve observar, nesse aspecto, o princípio da eficiência. A morosidade no serviço prestado (prestação jurisdicional), caracterizadora da crise estrutural que afeta o Poder Judiciário, contrapõe-se à eficiência preconizada pela Constituição Federal bem como ao direito fundamental de razoável duração do processo.
Modelling and analysing an innovative cooperation to support operation of a science centre
Authors: Darnai Balázs , Gályász József 
Published: March 2016

A science centre was built in Debrecen with the purpose to extend natural scientific knowledge and increase commitment to science and innovation in an experience-focused way. In addition to science centres’ original role of education and scientific communication, their function has been extended for today with showcasing innovation and innovation findings, thereby “grabbing their slice” of the regional innovation process. However, in order to succeed, it is indispensable to maintain these institutions in the long run and to constantly renew their innovation content. By integrating the process established with using the “Triple Helix” approach, it is possible to assure one of the most important principles of the institution in the long run, which is its constant renewal that provides a wide range of the society with experiencebased “tangible” knowledge. By following the concept we use, it became obvious that a science centre – as an organisation which creates knowledge – calls for the direct collaboration of the government, science and business actors in order to successfully operate in the long run, to attain its goals and, consequently, to develop the innovation potential of the region. However, the accumulated knowledge as a result of strategic partnerships can only contribute to establishing regional knowledge if the user – the organisation of the Science centre in Debrecen – is able to convey it successfully to the members of the fourth and fifth helix.
JEL code: R11
Calcium-Enriched Mixture Pulpotomy of Primary Molar Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis. A Clinical Study
Authors: Memarpour Mahtab , Fijan Soleiman , Asgary Saeed , Keikhaee Marzieh 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:To evaluate the outcome of vital pulp therapy in primary teeth with irreversible pulpitis by using calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement according to clinical and radiographic assessment.Participants and Methods:Fifty primary molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis in 50 children aged 6-8 years underwent pulpotomy using CEM cement as the dressing material. Following pulpotomy, pain intensity was evaluated by use of a visual analog scale at 1 and 7 days from the treatment and in clinical appointments at 3, 6 and 12 months after baseline. Radiographic evaluation was performed at 6 and 12 months. Data were analyzed using the McNemar test.Results:A total of 42 children (mean age 7.26 ± 0.82 year) completed the study. After one day treatment 56 % of children reported complete relief of pain and after 7 days 62% reported the same. However, two children complained of increased pain 1 day after treatment. None of the children reported pain in the subsequent appointments. One child complained of tenderness in percussion after 6 months. Pulp canal obliteration was the most common change in the radiographic assessment. There was no significant difference between clinical (92.8%) and radiographic (90.4%) success (p=0.990).Conclusion:Pulpotomy using CEM cement could present a successful treatment in primary molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis.
Efficacy and Safety of Switching Latanoprost Monotherapy to Bimatoprost Monotherapy or Combination of Brinzolamide and Latanoprost
Authors: Imasawa Mitsuhiro , Tanabe Joji , Kashiwagi Fumiko , Kashiwagi Kenji 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:
To prospectively assess the efficacy and safety of switching to bimatoprost monotherapy or brinzolamide and latanoprost combination therapy in patients who had been receiving latanoprost monotherapy.

Methods:
A prospective, open-label study was conducted. Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who had been receiving latanoprost monotherapy for three months or more were enrolled. Bimatoprost was substituted for latanoprost in one eye (BIM group), and brinzolamide was added to the latanoprost in the other eye (BRZ group) simultaneously. The patients underwent examinations at 6 weeks (visit 1) and 12 weeks (visit 2) after changing therapies. Subsequently, the treatments were returned to latanoprost monotherapy. The patients underwent another examination 6 weeks (visit 3) after the return to latanoprost. The parameters examined were intraocular pressure (IOP), conjunctival hyperemia, and corneal epithelial damage.

Results:
Twenty-six patients (13 men and 13 women) completed the protocol. Both groups showed a significant IOP reduction at visits 1 and 2 compared with the baseline, with a similar magnitude (BIM group: P = 0.016 at visit 1, P = 0.025 at visit 2, BRZ group: P = 0.0006 at visit 1, P = 0.028 at visit 2). The IOPs at the baseline and on visit 3 were similar in both groups (P = 0.7). The two groups showed no changes in either conjunctival hyperemia or corneal epithelial damage compared with the baseline.

Conclusion:
Bimatoprost monotherapy and brinzolamide adjunctive to latanoprost similarly reduced the IOP, with no additive adverse effects, compared with latanoprost monotherapy.
Une recherche sur les orfèvres lillois du XVIIème siècle
Authors: Montupet Béatrice 
Published: March 2016

Beatrice MONTUPET, Een onderzoek naar de Rijselse goudsmeden uitde XVIIe eeuw.
Dit onderzoek naar de Rijselse goudsmeden uit de XVIIe eeuw is voor het qrootste deel de vrucht van diepgaand onderzoek in archieven in die streek.
De identificatie van de waarmerken van het goudsmidswerk, alsook van het merk dat de plaats van vervaardiging van het voorwerp aangeeft, wordt vergemakkelijkt door het grote aantal ontdekte goudsmitswerken.
Op heel wat punten heerst nog grote onzekerheid : de juiste banden van het Rijselse gilde onder de verschillende overheersingen, alsook het uitwijken van zekere goudsmeden naar de Nederlanden, naar Engeland, en zelfs naar Canada.
Toch schijnt het dat de productie en de kwaliteit van deze jurisdictie in die tijd belangrijker was dan men denkt. De geschiedenis van het gilde zelf is veelbewogen.
Een groot aantal goudsmidswerken blijft verborgen in families en religieuze gemeenschappen in de streek, in België en misschien zelfs in Nederland, terwijl de waarmerken daar van niet altijd geidentificeerd zijn.
Du débarcadère à la gare : l'exemple de Lille. Mises au point et réflexions
Authors: Lussien-Maisonneuve Marie-Josèphe 
Published: March 2016

Les archives de la Division de l'Equipement à la Direction Régionale de Lille de la S.N.C.F. ont permis de reconstituer les diverses étapes de la construction de la gare de Lille, et de situer ce bâtiment dans l'histoire de l'architecture ferroviaire :
— 1847 : mise en service de la station — 1867-1869 : construction du bâtiment des voyageurs avec la réutilisation au 1er niveau de l'embarcadère du Nord, construit à Paris par L. Reynaud
— 1887-1888 : modernisation de ces locaux par S. Dunnett et nouvel hôtel des voyageurs — 1889-1892 : la halle des trains, comportant 16 fermes d'une seule portée de 65 m. sans tirants, articule organiquement le complexe architectural plus de vingt ans après les grandes réalisations britanniques en matière d'architecture ferroviaire.
Histoire d'une supercherie : Jean Bouvier et sa Psychanalyse des banques
Authors: Gillet Marcel 
Published: March 2016

In 1964 verscheen het werk van Jean Jacques Laurendon Psychanalyse des banques, waar men op de achterflap kan lezen :
«Achter het pseudoniem Jean-Jacques Laurendon gaat een van de beste hedendaagse financiële experten schuil. Wegens zijn belangrijke functie kan hij momenteel nied openlijk het boek signeren dat een revolutie zal leweeg brengen in de bankwereld en dat het grote publiek met passie zal lezen.»
In 1965 vertrouwde Jean Bouvier Marcel Gillet toe dat hij de auteur was, waarschijnlijk om toegang te krijgen tot het archief van andere banken. Het geheim werd tot nog toe goed bewaard. Men ziet erin op welk niveau, weten- schappelijk en ideologisch, zich toen een van de grootste ekonomische historici van onze tijd bevond.
THE SPITZER-IRAC/MIPS EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEY (SIMES) IN THE SOUTH ECLIPTIC POLE FIELD
Authors: Baronchelli I. , Scarlata C. , Rodighiero G. , Franceschini A. , Capak P. L. , Mei S. , Vaccari M. , Marchetti L. , Hibon P. , Sedgwick C. , Pearson C. , Serjeant S. , Menéndez-Delmestre K. , Salvato M. , Malkan M. , Teplitz H. I. , Hayes M. , Colbert J. , Papovich C. , Devlin M. , Kovacs A. , Scott K. S. , Surace J. , Kirkpatrick J. D. , Atek H. , Urrutia T. , Scoville N. Z. , Takeuchi T. T. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTWe present theSpitzer-IRAC/MIPS Extragalactic survey (SIMES) in the South Ecliptic Pole field. The large area covered (7.7 deg2), together with one of the lowest Galactic cirrus emissions in the entire sky and a very extensive coverage bySpitzer, Herschel, Akari,andGALEX, make the SIMES field ideal for extragalactic studies. The elongated geometry of the SIMES area (≈4:1), allowing for significant cosmic variance reduction, further improves the quality of statistical studies in this field. Here we present the reduction and photometric measurements of theSpitzer/IRAC data. The survey reaches depths of 1.93 and 1.75μJy (1σ) at 3.6 and 4.5μm, respectively. We discuss the multiwavelength IRAC-based catalog, completed with optical, mid-, and far-IR observations. We detect 341,000 sources with. Of these, 10% have an associated 24μm counterpart, while 2.7% have an associated SPIRE source. We release the catalog through the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive. Two scientific applications of these IRAC data are presented in this paper. First, we compute integral number counts at 3.6μm. Second, we use the [3.6]–[4.5] color index to identify galaxy clusters atz> 1.3. We select 27 clusters in the full area, a result consistent with previous studies at similar depth.
THE G2+G2t COMPLEX AS A FAST AND MASSIVE OUTFLOW?
Authors: Ballone A. , Schartmann M. , Burkert A. , Gillessen S. , Plewa P. M. , Genzel R. , Pfuhl O. , Eisenhauer F. , Ott T. , George E. M. , Habibi M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Observations of the gas component of the cloud G2 in the Galactic Center have revealed its connection to a tail (G2t) lying on the same orbit. More recent studies indicate a connection between G2 and G1, another cloud detected on the blueshifted side of G2's orbit, suggesting a scenario in which G2 is a denser clump in a stream of gas. In this Letter, we show that a simulation of an outflow by a central source (possibly a T Tauri star) moving on G2's orbit and interacting with a hot atmosphere surrounding SgrA* can have G2 and G2t as a byproduct. G2 would be the bow shock formed in the head of the source, while G2t might be the result of the stripping of the rest of the shocked material by the ram pressure of the surrounding hot gas and of its successive accumulation in the trailing region. Mock position–velocity (PV) diagrams for the Brγ emission for this simulation can indeed reproduce the correct position and velocity of G2t, as well as the more tenuous material in between. Though some tension between the observations and the simulated model remains, we argue that this might be due to issues in the construction of observed PV diagrams and/or to a poor treatment of some physical processes—like hydrodynamic mixing—in our simulation.
MEASURING A TRUNCATED DISK IN AQUILA X-1
Authors: King Ashley L. , Tomsick John A. , Miller Jon M. , Chenevez Jérôme , Barret Didier , Boggs Steven E. , Chakrabarty Deepto , Christensen Finn E. , Craig William W. , Fürst Felix , Hailey Charles J. , Harrison Fiona A. , Parker Michael L. , Stern Daniel , Romano Patrizia , Walton Dominic J. , Zhang William W. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present NuSTAR and Swift observations of the neutron star Aquila X-1 during the peak of its 2014 July outburst. The spectrum is soft with strong evidence for a broad Fe Kα line. Modeled with a relativistically broadened reflection model, we find that the inner disk is truncated with an inner radius of

. The disk is likely truncated by either the boundary layer and/or a magnetic field. Associating the truncated inner disk with pressure from a magnetic field gives an upper limit of

G. Although the radius is truncated far from the stellar surface, material is still reaching the neutron star surface as evidenced by the X-ray burst present in the NuSTAR observation.
Serum and Urinary Interleukin-6 in Assessment of Renal Activity in Egyptian Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: EL-Shereef Rawhya R. , Lotfi Ahmed , Abdel-Naeam Emad A. , Tawfik Heba 
Published: March 2016

Aim of the Work This study investigates whether serum and urinary interleukin-6 (IL-6) represent an early marker of kidney involvement and assesses the difference between them and renal biopsy in lupus nephritis (LN). Patients and Methods A total of 60 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients were compared to 20 healthy controls. Urinary and serum IL-6 were measured in both patients and controls. In addition, renal biopsy was done prior or shortly after urine and blood sampling; the results were classified according to the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society classification of LN by recording the activity score and chronicity score for each sample. Results There was a significant higher level of urinary IL-6 in the SLE patients with biopsy-proven LN than in those without LN and those of the control group. However, no significant difference was reported between the three groups as regards serum IL-6. A strong positive correlation was found between urinary IL-6 and renal disease activity based on the renal SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) score with no significant correlation regarding the extra renal SLEDAI. Urinary IL-6 was positively correlated with renal biopsy results and with its activity scores but weakly correlated with the chronicity scores. Conclusion Urinary IL-6 may provide a simple noninvasive potential marker of disease activity of renal involvement in adult patients with SLE.
Radical Surgery for Endometriosis: Analysis of Quality of Life and Surgical Procedure
Authors: De La Hera-Lazaro Cristina M. , Muñoz-González Jose L , Perez Reyes Oliver , Vellido-Cotelo Rocío , Díez-álvarez Alvaro , Muñoz-Hernando Leticia , Alvarez-Conejo Carmen , Jiménez-López Jesús S. 
Published: March 2016

Objective The main aim of this study is to determine the improvement in quality of life in patients who have undergone radical surgery because of severe endometriosis. Patients and Methods This nonrandomized interventional study (quasi experimental) was carried out between January 2009 and September 2014. A total of 46 patients with diagnosis of severe endometriosis were included. Radical surgery, including hysterectomy, was performed. Acting as their own control group, the patients were asked to fill in a validated questionnaire of quality of life [Endometriosis Health Profile-5 (EHP-5)] and a visual analog scale of pain at the moment of the preoperative visit (one month prior to surgery) and six months after the surgery. Results Radical surgery for endometriosis was performed in 46 patients at our center over the period of six years. Among the patients, 73.9% of them had undergone previous surgery for endometriosis. In 82.6% of cases, a complete laparoscopic resection was carried out. Gastrointestinal tract resection was performed in 21.7%, and urinary tract resection was necessary in 8.7%. The mean age of the patients was 38.6 years. The rate of complications was 30.4%. Six months after the surgery, all items of the EHP-5 questionnaire had a lower score, which means an improvement in all aspects of quality of life related to endometriosis. The difference obtained between the scores before and after the surgery was statistically significant. The mean visual analog scale score before the surgery was 8.5, whereas it decreased to 1.4 after the surgery ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Performing a radical surgery is a difficult decision to make; however, it can provide optimal results in terms of improvement of quality of life and, therefore, should be considered when conservative therapy fails.