bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sleipner Effect: a subtle relationship between the distribution of diagenetic clay, reservoir porosity, permeability, and water saturation
Authors: Nadeau P. H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPetrographic, mineralogical and geochemical core analysis of Palaeocene turbiditic sandstones in the Sleipner East gas-condensate reservoirs show the importance of diagenetic clay distribution on porosity, permeability, and water saturation. An observed ‘high resistivity zone’ (HRZ) corresponds to intervals with low water saturation, a more restricted distribution of diagenetic clay (mainly chlorite), and up to 5% quartz cement. The underlying ‘low resistivity zone’ (LRZ) corresponds to intervals with more widely distributed diagenetic clay, which have lower degrees of quartz cementation, higher porosity, and variably reduced permeability. Crosscutting relationships of the HRZ/LRZ with mapped sedimentary depositional units, as well as fluid inclusion analysis data, suggest that the distribution of diagenetic clay was affected by an earlier (late Miocene?) oil charge, and more extensive chlorite formation in a palaeo-water zone. Recent gas condensate charge and structuring of these sandstones resulted in LRZ reservoirs with substantially higher water saturations than those in the HRZ.
A comparison of radiation effects in crystalline ABO4-type phosphates and silicates
Authors: Meldrum A. , Boatner L. A. , Ewing R. C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe effects of ion irradiation in the ABO4-type compounds were compared by performing experiments on four materials that include the most common crystal structures (monazitevs.zircon) and chemical compositions (phosphatesvs.silicates) for these phases. Pure synthetic single crystals of ZrSiO4, monoclinic ThSiO4, LaPO4and ScPO4were irradiated using 800 keV Kr+ions. Radiation damage accumulation was monitored as a function of temperaturein situin a transmission electron microscope. The activation energies for recrystallization during irradiation were calculated to be 3.1–3.3 eV for the orthosilicates but only 1.0–1.5 eV for the isostructural orthophosphates. For the ion-beam-irradiated samples, the critical temperature, above which the recrystallization processes are faster than damage accumulation and amorphization cannot be induced, is >700°C for ZrSiO4but it is only 35°C for LaPO4. At temperatures above 600°C, zircon decomposed during irradiation into its component oxides (i.e. crystalline ZrO2plus amorphous SiO2). The data are evaluated with respect to the proposed use of the orthophosphates and orthosilicates as host materials for the stabilization and disposal of high-level nuclear waste. The results show that zircon with 10 wt.% Pu would have to be maintained at temperatures in excess of 300°C in order to prevent it from becoming completely amorphous. In contrast, a similar analysis for the orthophosphates implies that monazite-based waste forms would not become amorphous or undergo a phase decomposition.
Regulation of plasminogen binding to neutrophils
Authors: Herren Thomas , Burke Timothy A. , Jardi Merce , Felez Jordi , Plow Edward F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPlasminogen plays an integral role in the inflammatory response, and this participation is likely to depend on its interaction with cell surfaces. It has previously been reported that isolation of human neutrophils from blood leads to a spontaneous increase in their plasminogen-binding capacity, and the basis for this up-regulation has been explored as a model for mechanisms for modulation of plasminogen receptor expression. Freshly isolated human peripheral blood neutrophils exhibited relatively low plasminogen binding, but when cultured for 20 hours, they increased this capacity dramatically, up to 50-fold. This increase was abolished by soybean trypsin inhibitor and was susceptible to carboxypeptidase B treatment, implicating proteolysis and exposure of carboxy-terminal lysines in the enhanced interaction. In support of this hypothesis, treatment of neutrophils with elastase, cathepsin G, or plasmin increased their plasminogen binding, and specific inhibitors of elastase and cathepsin G suppressed the up-regulation that occurred during neutrophil culture. When neutrophils were stimulated with phorbol ester, their plasminogen binding increased rapidly, but this increase was insensitive to the protease inhibitors. These results indicate that plasminogen binding to neutrophils can be up-regulated by 2 distinct pathways. A major pathway with the propensity to markedly up-regulate plasminogen binding depends upon the proteolytic remodeling of the cell surface. In response to thioglycollate, neutrophils recruited into the peritoneum of mice were shown to bind more plasminogen than those in peripheral blood, suggesting that modulation of plasminogen binding by these or other pathways may also occur in vivo.
Cross-talk between α4β1/α5β1 and c-Kit results in opposing effect on growth and survival of hematopoietic cells via the activation of focal adhesion kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Akt signaling pathways
Authors: Kapur Reuben , Cooper Ryan , Zhang Lei , Williams David A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractErythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) are deficient in mice lacking either the ligand stem cell factor (SCF), its receptor c-Kit, or β1-integrins. In nonhematopoietic cells, integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases can collaborate to modulate cellular functions, providing evidence for cross-talk between signals emerging from these cell surface molecules. Using specific recombinant fibronectin peptides that contain the binding site for the integrin α4β1 (FN-H296) or α5β1 (FN-CH271) or both α4β1 and α5β1(FN-CH296), this study investigated the effect of adhesion alone, or in combination with activation of c-Kit, on functional and biochemical outcomes in an EPC line, G1E-ER2, and primary EPCs. G1E-ER2 cells and primary EPCs cultured on FN-CH271 in the presence of c-Kit activation led to a significant increase in proliferation in comparison with cells grown on FN-H296 or FN-CH296. G1E-ER2 cells cultured on FN-H296 or FN-CH296 resulted in significant cell death in comparison to cells grown on FN-CH271. Activation of c-Kit enhanced the survival of G1E-ER2 cells grown on FN-H296 or FN-CH296; however, the rescue was only partial. The reduced survival of G1E-ER2 cells on FN-H296 correlated with reduced activation of Akt and expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, whereas increase in proliferation on FN-CH271 correlated with significantly enhanced and sustained activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. These data demonstrate that adhesion-induced signals emanating from ligation of α4β1 and α5β1 result in distinct biologic outcomes, including death via α4β1 and survival/proliferation via α5β1.
Modulation of T-cell activation by the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper factor via inhibition of nuclear factor κB
Authors: Ayroldi Emira , Migliorati Graziella , Bruscoli Stefano , Marchetti Cristina , Zollo Ornella , Cannarile Lorenza , D'Adamio Francesca , Riccardi Carlo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPreviously a novel gene was identified that encodes a glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) whose expression is up-regulated by dexamethasone. This study analyzed the role of GILZ in the control of T-cell activation and its possible interaction with nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Results indicate that GILZ inhibits both T-cell receptor (TCR)–induced interleukin-2/interleukin-2 receptor expression and NF-κB activity. In particular, GILZ inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation and DNA binding due to a direct protein-to-protein interaction of GILZ with the NF-κB subunits. Moreover, GILZ-mediated modulation of TCR-induced responses is part of a circuit because TCR triggering down-regulates GILZ expression. These results identify a new molecular mechanism involved in the dexamethasone-induced regulation of NF-κB activity and T-cell activation.
Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Hepatobiliary Cancers: The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Hepatobiliary Questionnaire
Authors: Heffernan Nancy , Cella David , Webster Kimberly , Odom Linda , Martone Mary , Passik Steven , Bookbinder Marilyn , Fong Yuman , Jarnagin William , Blumgart Leslie 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: This is the first report on the development and initial validation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) questionnaire, a 45-item self-report instrument designed to measure health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with hepatobiliary cancers. The FACT-Hep consists of the 27-item FACT-G, which assesses generic HRQL concerns, and the newly validated 18-item Hepatobiliary Subscale (HS), which assesses disease-specific issues. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The development of the HS followed a four-phase process of item generation, item reduction, scale construction, and reliability/validity testing. Two independent samples were studied: item generation (sample 1; n = 30) and reliability/validity testing (sample 2; n = 51). RESULTS: In sample 2, all subscales and aggregated scores showed high internal consistency at initial assessment (Cronbach’s alpha range, 0.72 to 0.94) and retesting (Cronbach’s alpha range, 0.81 to 0.94). Measurement stability over a 3- to 7-day period was also high for all aggregated scales (test-retest correlation range, 0.84 to 0.91; intraclass correlation coefficient range, 0.82 to 0.90). Convergent and divergent validity were demonstrated by examining relationships between FACT subscales and mood, social support, and social desirability. Finally, when performance status and treatment status were used to divide sample 2, the HS differentiated groups to a degree comparable to the Physical and Functional Well-Being subscales of the FACT-G, thereby contributing favorably to a 32-item Trial Outcome Index. In addition to the 18 validated, scored items in the HS, seven treatment-related items may be appended, if clinically indicated, as a separate subscale. CONCLUSION: The 45-item FACT-Hep can be used independently as a brief measure of disease-related symptoms and functioning. Alone or paired with the FACT-G, the HS has promise for use in assessing the disease-specific HRQL of patients with hepatobiliary cancers.
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Novel l-Nucleoside Analog Troxacitabine Given as a 30-Minute Infusion Every 21 Days
Authors: Belanger Karl , Moore Malcolm , Baker Sharyn D. , Dionne Jeanne , Maclean Martha , Jolivet Jacques , Siu Lillian , Soulières Denis , Wainman Nancy , Seymour Lesley 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: Troxacitabine (Troxatyl, BCH-4556; BioChem Pharma Inc, Basingstoke, United Kingdom) is a novel synthetic l-nucleoside analog with activity against a broad range of human tumors in preclinical models. Preclinical toxicity suggested a predictable toxicity profile consistent with an agent of this class, with evidence of interspecies differences. We conducted a phase I study of troxacitabine given as a 30-minute infusion once every 21 days. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The starting dose of troxacitabine was 0.025 mg/m2, based on toxicology data from the most sensitive species studied (cynomolgus monkey). Doses were doubled until grade 1 skin or mucosal or grade 2 other toxicity was encountered. A modified Fibonacci scale was used. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients were enrolled at 13 dose levels. Most common nonhematologic side effects were skin rash (44%), lethargy (29%), nausea (24%), alopecia, dry skin (18%), anorexia (13%), neurosensory symptoms (13%), and hand-foot syndrome (13%). In patients treated with prednisone 25 mg/d orally for 5 days, starting on day 1, skin rash was less problematic. Two patients at 12.5 mg/m2 experienced dose-limiting (grade 4) granulocytopenia. Confirmed partial responses were documented in one patient with previously untreated renal cell carcinoma with metastatic lung and bone lesions and in one patient with an unknown primary tumor. Eighteen patients had a best response of stable disease with a median duration of 5.1 months (range, 2.1 to 18.7 months). CONCLUSION: When given in this schedule, the maximum-tolerated dose of troxacitabine is 12.5 mg/m2, and the recommended dose for additional phase II studies is 10 mg/m2 once every 21 days with steroid premedication.
Three vs 6 Cycles of Chemotherapy for High-Risk Retinoblastoma
Authors: Ye Huijing , Xue Kang , Zhang Ping , Chen Rongxin , Zhai Xiaowen , Ling Li , Xiao Wei , Tang Lijuan , Wang Hongsheng , Mao Yuxiang , Ai Siming , Bi Yingwen , Liu Qing , Zou Yusha , Qian Jiang , Yang Huasheng 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceAdjuvant therapy is an important and effective treatment for retinoblastoma. However, there is a lack of head-to-head clinical trials comparing 3 vs 6 cycles of CEV chemotherapy (carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine) for enucleated unilateral retinoblastoma with high-risk pathological features.ObjectiveTo assess whether 3 cycles of CEV chemotherapy is noninferior to 6 cycles for enucleated unilateral retinoblastoma with high-risk pathological features.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis double-center, randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial was conducted at 2 premier eye centers in China and included 187 patients who had undergone enucleation for unilateral retinoblastoma with high-risk pathological features (massive choroidal infiltration, retrolaminar optic nerve invasion, or scleral infiltration) between August 2013 and March 2024. The final date of follow-up was March 21, 2024.InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned to receive either 3 (n = 94) or 6 (n = 93) cycles of CEV chemotherapy regimen after enucleation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end point was disease-free survival, with a noninferiority margin of 12%. Secondary end points encompassed overall survival, safety, economic burden, and the quality of life of children.ResultsAll 187 patients (median [IQR] age, 25.0 [20.0-37.0] months; 83 [44.4%] female) completed the trial. Median (IQR) follow-up was 79.0 (65.5-102.5) months. Five-year disease-free survival was 90.4% for the 3-cycle group vs 89.2% for the 6-cycle group (difference, 1.2% [95% CI, −7.5% to 9.8%]), which met the noninferiority criterion (P = .003 for noninferiority). The 6-cycle group experienced a higher frequency of adverse events, greater reduction in quality of life scores, and increased costs compared with the 3-cycle group.Conclusions and RelevanceAmong patients with unilateral pathologic high-risk retinoblastoma, 3 cycles of CEV chemotherapy resulted in 5-year disease-free survival that was noninferior to 6 cycles of CEV chemotherapy.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01906814
Prevalence of Hearing Loss and Hearing Aid Use Among Persons Living With Dementia in the US
Authors: Nieman Carrie L. , Garcia Morales Emmanuel E. , Huang Alison R. , Reed Nicholas S. , Yasar Sevil , Oh Esther S. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceDementia and hearing loss are prevalent and represent public health priorities, but little is known about the prevalence of hearing loss among persons living with dementia at a population level.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of hearing loss and hearing aid use among a nationally representative sample of persons living with dementia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from Medicare beneficiaries who participated in round 11 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). The analytic sample included participants who had complete audiometric data and a dementia classification, and survey weights were applied to yield nationally representative estimates. Data were collected from June to November 2021, and analyzed from October 12, 2023, to February 27, 2024.ExposuresAudiometric measures of hearing loss and self-reported hearing aid use.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNational prevalence estimates of possible and probable dementia and hearing loss were estimated by applying NHATS survey weights of sex and age to the population aged 71 years or older based on the US Census Bureau’s 2020 American Community Survey data.ResultsThe analytic sample comprised 2613 NHATS participants (74.6% aged 71-79 years and 25.4% aged ≥80 years; 52.9% female). Overall prevalence of hearing loss among participants with dementia was estimated at 79.4% (95% CI, 72.1%-85.3%). The prevalence of hearing loss increased with age, from 61.1% (95% CI, 37.7%-80.2%) among participants aged 71 to 74 years to 94.2% (95% CI, 88.8%-97.0%) among those aged 85 years or older. Among participants with hearing loss, 21.7% (95% CI, 16.2%-28.3%) reported hearing aid use.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, the findings suggest that hearing loss is highly prevalent among individuals with dementia, with a low prevalence of hearing aid use. These findings reveal a potential opportunity for intervention.
Laser‐Induced Graphene Smart Textiles for Future Space Suits and Telescopes
Authors: Yang Dongwook , Nam Han Ku , Lee Younggeun , Kwon Soongeun , Lee Joohyung , Yoon Hyosang , Kim Young‐Jin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNovel materials with high electrical, optical, and thermal functionalities are crucial in next‐generation space missions. Astronauts’ well‐being demands continuous health monitoring, while stray light suppression and heat dissipation are vital for space telescopes. Here, it is demonstrated that laser‐induced graphene (LIG), patterned with femtosecond laser pulses, serves as a versatile material for temperature/strain sensing, stray light absorption, and heat management for smart spacesuits and telescopes. LIG exhibits a superior temperature coefficient of resistance (−0.068% °C⁻¹), gauge factor of 454, optical absorption (97.57%), and heat diffusivity (6.376 mm2 s−1) via a single platform. Furthermore, thermal‐vacuum tests confirm LIG's reliability and readiness for space missions. Under vacuum conditions (≈10−3 Torr) and repeated temperature changes ranging from −20 to 60 °C over a period of ≈40 h, the temperature/strain sensor, and optical absorbers maintain the functionality.
Mechanically Adaptable High‐Performance p(SBMA‐MMA) Copolymer Hydrogel with Iron (II/III) Perchlorate for Wearable Thermocell Applications
Authors: Shin Gilyong , Baek Jae Yoon , Kim Ju Hyeon , Lee Ju Hwan , Kim Hyeong Jun , So Byeong Jun , Choi Yuseung , Yun Sungryul , Kim Taewoo , Jeon Jei Gyeong , Kang Tae June 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuasi‐solid‐state thermocells (QTECs) show promise as a power source for wearable devices by converting body heat into electricity. While significant progress has been made with p‐type elements for QTECs, challenges remain with their n‐type counterparts. Here, a high‐performance n‐type QTEC element is presented, using a copolymer hydrogel that outperforms conventional p‐type elements. This copolymer hydrogel combines hydrophilic zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) for ionic conduction and hydrophobic methyl methacrylate (MMA) for structural stability. By increasing the MMA content from 35 to 100 wt.%, versatile control is achieved over the hydrogel's elastic modulus (72 kPa to 127.7 MPa) and tensile strength (54 kPa to 6.7 MPa). A high mechanical toughness of 7.2 MJ m−3 is also achieved at 68 wt.% MMA. The mechanically robust and high toughness p(SBMA‐MMA) hydrogel is then immersed in Fe(ClO4)2/3 solutions of different concentrations to evaluate its performance as an n‐type QTEC element. The hydrogel with 0.8 M Fe(ClO4)2/3 exhibits a high ionic Seebeck coefficient of −1.7 mV K−1, a power density of 1.1 mW m−2 K−2, and an elastic modulus of 1.6 MPa, which is similar to that of human skin. Finally, the optimized n‐type p(SBMA‐MMA) hydrogels demonstrate the potential application for wearable devices.
Highly Polarization‐Sensitive Solar‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection Based on 1D Rb2CuCl3 Microwires
Authors: Ma Jingli , Zhang Mengyao , Dun Conghui , Ji Huifang , Ma Zhuangzhuang , Chen Xu , Li Xinjian , Wu Di , Shi Zhifeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolarization‐sensitive solar‐blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors are essential in both civilian and military applications. 1D perovskites derivative Rb2CuCl3 holds promise for polarization‐sensitive solar‐blind UV photodetectors due to its wide direct bandgap, anisotropic crystal structure, and long carrier lifetime. However, no studies on the polarization properties of Rb2CuCl3 are reported. Here, the electronic structural anisotropy of Rb2CuCl3 is confirmed by calculating the partial charge density distribution in the ac‐plane and bc‐plane. Then, the Raman‐active modes and corresponding atomic vibration modes are explored within the bc‐plane through joint experimental and theoretical Raman spectroscopy. Besides, angle‐resolved Raman, photoluminescence, and absorption spectroscopy reveal the intriguing anisotropic photoelectric characteristics of Rb2CuCl3 microwires (MWs). By using single Rb2CuCl3 MW as the photoactive layer, a polarization‐sensitive solar‐blind UV photodetector is fabricated, showing high photoresponsivity of 78 mA W−1 and photocurrent anisotropy ratio of ≈1.7 at 265 nm. Importantly, the proposed photodetectors without encapsulation exhibit excellent stability in ambient air, retaining the original photocurrent after two months, showcasing practical applicability. This study underscores the promise of Rb2CuCl3 for high‐performance polarization‐sensitive solar‐blind UV photodetectors, contributing valuable insights into its electronic structure, photoelectric properties, and practical applicability.
Violet Perovskite Quantum Dots of MA3Bi2Br9 and MA3Bi2Br6Cl3 Synthesized by the Cb‐LARP Method with Tunable Emission Wavelengths in Range of 379–400 nm
Authors: Wu Lijie , Pan Yong , Zhang Yuan , Geng Yingge , Cao Jianguo , Su Xueqiong , Xu Jie , Xie Haixia , Gao Dongwen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractViolet‐emitting perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are of great significance for theoretical and experimental research aimed at promoting the development of environmentally friendly violet light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Nevertheless, the synthesis of violet perovskite QDs via ligand‐assisted reprecipitation is challenging due to the significant bandgap. A simple and economical cryo‐bonding ligand‐assisted reprecipitation (Cb‐LARP) method is proposed as a means of synthesizing deep violet lead‐free organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) QDs, with the objective of increasing the bandgap in the material. The MA3Bi2Br9 QDs synthesized by the Cb‐LARP method exhibit bright violet luminescence at 400 nm, with a PLQY of 50.1%. Moreover, the photoluminescence peak of the QDs can be adjusted from 402 to 393 nm by modifying the final reaction time. It is noteworthy that the MA3Bi2Br6Cl3 QDs exhibited ultraviolet emission at 379 nm, corresponding to a PLQY of 35.4%. Similarly, the emission peak of the QDs can be tuned from 379 to 376 nm by changing the final reaction time. The results demonstrate that the deep violet emitting OIHP QDs have been successfully synthesized. This study provides a theoretical reference for short‐wavelength perovskite materials and an experimental reference for the study of violet and UV quantum‐dot light‐emitting diode devices.