bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic Findings of the Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic System in Adult Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Dietrich Christoph F. , Chichakli Maruan , Hirche Tim O. , Bargon Joachim , Leitzmann Peter , Wagner Thomas O. , Lembcke Bernhard 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesSonography of the liver, biliary system, and pancreas in adult patients with cystic fibrosis is by far less systematically documented than in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. In this prospective study, duplex sonographic findings of the liver, biliary system, and pancreas in adult patients with cystic fibrosis were compared with those of healthy control subjects.MethodsSeventy‐two consecutive patients with cystic fibrosis and 60 healthy control subjects were examined by high‐resolution sonography. The incidence of perihepatic lymphadenopathy, the hepatic echo pattern, the detection rate of liver tumors, the flow patterns in the hepatic and portal veins, and pathologic gallbladder and pancreas findings were recorded. Additionally, cholestasis‐indicating enzyme levels (γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase), liver function test results (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels), and amylase and lipase levels were recorded as well.ResultsPatients with cystic fibrosis, when compared with healthy subjects on sonographic examination, had a higher incidence of microgallbladder (25% versus 0%) and cystic lesions of the pancreas (18% versus 0%). The number of abnormal echo patterns of the liver was increased (46% versus 15%), with a higher incidence of a nontriphasic flow pattern in the right hepatic vein. The differences proved to be statistically significant (P < .05).ConclusionsTypical sonographic findings in adult patients with cystic fibrosis are a microgallbladder and small cystic lesions of the pancreas. Pathologic findings of the liver can be shown by B‐mode and duplex sonography, but the resulting patterns are less characteristic.
Methylene Blue Dye–Related Changes in the Breast After Sentinel Lymph Node Localization
Authors: Kang Seok Seon , Han Boo-Kyung , Ko Eun Young , Shin Jung-Hee , Cho Eun Yoon , Lee Jeong Eon , Nam Seok Jin , Yang Jung-Hyun 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and appearance of changes in the breast on sonography in patients after breast cancer surgery including sentinel lymph node localization using methylene blue dye.MethodsThree hundred thirty‐seven consecutive patients who underwent breast‐conserving surgery in 2006 underwent breast sonography during 2 years after surgery. Sentinel lymph node localization using methylene blue dye was selectively performed. We retrospectively analyzed the unexplained focal lesions not at the lumpectomy site on sonography and investigated whether these findings were associated with sentinel lymph node localization.ResultsUnexplained focal lesions were identified in 36 (14.1%) of 256 patients who had undergone sentinel lymph node localization. The lesions were in the periareolar region (n = 26; outer in 16, upper in 6, inner in 2, and lower in 2) or the retroareolar region (n = 10). The lesion appeared with a fat necrosis–like pattern in the subcutaneous fat layer in 24 (66.7%) or as an irregular mass in the glandular layer in 12 (33.3%). The unexplained focal lesions were pathologically proven benign (n = 10) or were improved or stable during 2 years of imaging follow‐up after surgery (n = 26). The unexplained focal lesions in 2 (2.5%) of 81 patients without sentinel lymph node localization were in the nonareolar region, and 1 of these was a recurrence.ConclusionsAfter sentinel lymph node localization using methylene blue dye, breast sonography can show unexplained focal lesions in the periareolar and retroareolar regions. Although most of the changes suggest fat necrosis, an irregular parenchymal mass can develop and mimic a recurrence.
Fracture Status in Men Assessed by Quantitative Ultrasound Measurements at the Calcaneus
Authors: Pluskiewicz Wojciech , Wilk Robert , Wielgórecki Artur , Gołba Krzysztof S. , Drozdzowska Bogna 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess fracture status in men by quantitative ultrasound measurements at the calcaneus. The diagnostic accuracy of quantitative ultrasound measurements was evaluated at baseline and follow‐up.MethodsWe observed 165 men (baseline age ± SD, 59.84 ± 10.6 years) recruited from an outpatient osteoporosis clinic. The mean follow‐up duration was approximately 101.3 ± 35 months. There was no difference in either age or body mass index at baseline between the patients with a fracture history (n = 30) and the others (n = 135). The following fractures were identified at baseline: ankle, 15; wrist, 10; rib, 9; foot, 5; and hip, 1. The speed of sound (meters per second), broadband ultrasound attenuation (decibels per megahertz), and stiffness index (percent) were measured with a quantitative ultrasound device. The date of fracture occurrence at follow‐up was defined as the final point.ResultsIn the patients with a fracture history, the ultrasound variables were significantly lower than those in the rest of the group (P < .05). During the follow‐up period, fractures occurred in 21 patients (wrist, 11; ankle, 5; rib, 3; hip, 1; and humerus, 1), and the ultrasound outcomes were nonsignificantly lower in the fractured men. The risk of fracture was estimated by the Cox regression analysis. A prior fracture was the only factor that significantly (4 times) increased the risk of a subsequent fracture (hazard ratio, 4.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.81–9.86; P < .001).ConclusionsCalcaneus ultrasound measurements can distinguish between patients with fractures and those without. In follow‐up, ultrasound measurements did not indicate an increased fracture risk; a prior osteoporotic fracture was the major prognostic factor.
Stage IA Ovarian Cancers
Authors: Hirai Makiko , Hirai Yasuo , Tsuchida Tomohiro , Takada Toshio , Iwase Haruko , Utsugi Kuniko , Sugiyama Yuko , Takeshima Nobuhiro , Furuta Reiko , Takizawa Ken 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare sonographic findings and histopathologic types of stage IA ovarian cancers between groups with normal and elevated cancer antigen 125 (CA‐125) levels.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2009, 146 stage IA ovarian cancers were treated surgically (85 invasive and 61 borderline, 73 self‐referred with tumor‐related symptoms, 20 self‐referred with nonspecific symptoms, 52 identified through screening, and 1 other). Of these, 87 cases (60%) had normal serum CA‐125 levels (<35 U/mL). Their pre‐operative sonographic findings and histopathologic types were compared to those of cases with elevated CA‐125 levels.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found between the proportions of patients with elevated CA‐125 levels in groups having tumors with maximal diameters of less than 20 cm and at least 20 cm (P = .03) and groups having tumors with less than 50% and 50% to 80% solid components (P = .02). In the group with normal CA‐125 levels, we found predominantly mucinous adenocarcinoma in multilocular cysts with less than 50% solid components (25 cases), and clear cell adenocarcinoma in unilocular cysts with less than 50% solid components (12 cases), whereas in the group with elevated CA‐125 levels, mucinous adenocarcinoma in multilocular cysts with less than 50% solid components (19 cases) and endometrioid adenocarcinoma in solid tumors (≥80% solid components) were predominant (5 cases).ConclusionsStage IA ovarian cancers with normal CA‐125 levels tend to be smaller, have less solid components, and have a slightly different distribution of histopathologic types than cancers with elevated CA‐125 levels.
Cervical Length Changes From the First to Second Trimester of Pregnancy, and Prediction of Preterm Birth by First‐Trimester Sonographic Cervical Measurement
Authors: Souka Athena P. , Papastefanou Ioannis , Michalitsi Vasiliki , Salambasis Konstantinos , Chrelias Charalambos , Salamalekis George , Kassanos Dimitris 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the evolution of cervical length from the first to second trimester of pregnancy and the value of first‐trimester cervical measurement in the prediction of preterm delivery.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal prospective study. Cervical length was measured by transvaginal sonography at 11 to 14 weeks (Cx1), 16 to 19 weeks (Cx2), and 20 to 24 weeks (Cx3).ResultsEight hundred singleton pregnancies were studied. The median cervical lengths were 33 mm for Cx1 and 31 mm for Cx2 and Cx3. Significant independent predictors for cervical length were maternal weight, height, and history of cervical surgery for Cx1, maternal height, history of cervical surgery, and history of preterm delivery for Cx2, and history of cervical surgery, history of first‐trimester miscarriage, and history of spontaneous preterm delivery for Cx3. Mean cervical length shortening was 2.36 mm between Cx1 and Cx3. In the subgroups of women with previous cervical surgery and history of previous preterm birth, cervical shortening was significantly more prominent. The median Cx1 was significantly shorter in the women who subsequently delivered preterm; Cx1 predicted preterm delivery before 34 weeks (odds ratio, 0.746; 95% confidence interval, 0.649–0.869) and preterm delivery before 32 weeks (odds ratio, 0.734; 95% confidence interval, 0.637–0.912).ConclusionsCervical length in the first trimester depends on maternal characteristics and a history of cervical surgery. The cervix exhibits minimal changes from 11 to 24 weeks for most women, although the shortening is more prominent in women with a history of cervical surgery or preterm delivery. First‐trimester cervical length measurement can predict preterm delivery.
Adaptive Changes in the Splenic Artery and Left Portal Vein in Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Vedmedovska Natalija , Rezeberga Dace , Teibe Uldis , Zodzika Jana , Donders Gilbert G. G. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine whether a low splenic artery pulsatility index (PI) and reduced flow through the left portal vein are involved in redistribution of fetal growth restriction.MethodsForty‐two women with prenatally diagnosed intrauterine growth restriction of singleton fetuses were included. The next pregnant woman with an appropriately growing fetus, matched for gestational age, was selected as a control. Blood flow velocities were measured in the splenic artery and left portal vein. Obstetric and perinatal information was obtained from standardized medical records.ResultsThe blood flow through the left portal vein was significantly reduced compared with the controls (P < .0001). Placental impairment in fetal growth restriction was clearly linked to a decreased splenic artery PI (P = .0004). In growth‐restricted fetuses with reduced left portal vein flow and a splenic artery PI below the 5th percentile, perinatal mortality, a low 5‐minute Apgar score, and neonatal metabolic acidosis were observed significantly more often (P = .04, .01, and .004; P = .03, .03, and .006, respectively).ConclusionsReduced blood flow through the left portal vein and low resistance in the splenic artery can be found in growth‐restricted fetuses with adverse neonatal outcomes.
First In Vivo Use of a Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer Array–Based Imaging and Ablation Catheter
Authors: Stephens Douglas N. , Truong Uyen T. , Nikoozadeh Amin , Oralkan Ömer , Seo Chi Hyung , Cannata Jonathan , Dentinger Aaron , Thomenius Kai , de la Rama Alan , Nguyen Tho , Lin Feng , Khuri-Yakub Pierre , Mahajan Aman , Shivkumar Kalyanam , O'Donnell Matt , Sahn David J. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe primary objective was to test in vivo for the first time the general operation of a new multifunctional intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) catheter constructed with a microlinear capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (ML‐CMUT) imaging array. Secondarily, we examined the compatibility of this catheter with electroanatomic mapping (EAM) guidance and also as a radiofrequency ablation (RFA) catheter. Preliminary thermal strain imaging (TSI)‐derived temperature data were obtained from within the endocardium simultaneously during RFA to show the feasibility of direct ablation guidance procedures.MethodsThe new 9F forward‐looking ICE catheter was constructed with 3 complementary technologies: a CMUT imaging array with a custom electronic array buffer, catheter surface electrodes for EAM guidance, and a special ablation tip, that permits simultaneous TSI and RFA. In vivo imaging studies of 5 anesthetized porcine models with 5 CMUT catheters were performed.ResultsThe ML‐CMUT ICE catheter provided high‐resolution real‐time wideband 2‐dimensional (2D) images at greater than 8 MHz and is capable of both RFA and EAM guidance. Although the 24‐element array aperture dimension is only 1.5 mm, the imaging depth of penetration is greater than 30 mm. The specially designed ultrasound‐compatible metalized plastic tip allowed simultaneous imaging during ablation and direct acquisition of TSI data for tissue ablation temperatures. Postprocessing analysis showed a first‐order correlation between TSI and temperature, permitting early development temperature‐time relationships at specific myocardial ablation sites.ConclusionsMultifunctional forward‐looking ML‐CMUT ICE catheters, with simultaneous intracardiac guidance, ultrasound imaging, and RFA, may offer a new means to improve interventional ablation procedures.
Cumulative hazard: The case of nuisance flooding
Authors: Moftakhari Hamed R. , AghaKouchak Amir , Sanders Brett F. , Matthew Richard A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe cumulative cost of frequent events (e.g., nuisance floods) over time may exceed the costs of the extreme but infrequent events for which societies typically prepare. Here we analyze the likelihood of exceedances above mean higher high water and the corresponding property value exposure for minor, major, and extreme coastal floods. Our results suggest that, in response to sea level rise, nuisance flooding (NF) could generate property value exposure comparable to, or larger than, extreme events. Determining whether (and when) low cost, nuisance incidents aggregate into high cost impacts and deciding when to invest in preventive measures are among the most difficult decisions for policymakers. It would be unfortunate if efforts to protect societies from extreme events (e.g., 0.01 annual probability) left them exposed to a cumulative hazard with enormous costs. We propose a Cumulative Hazard Index (CHI) as a tool for framing the future cumulative impact of low cost incidents relative to infrequent extreme events. CHI suggests that in New York, NY, Washington, DC, Miami, FL, San Francisco, CA, and Seattle, WA, a careful consideration of socioeconomic impacts of NF for prioritization is crucial for sustainable coastal flood risk management.
Snow cover response to temperature in observational and climate model ensembles
Authors: Mudryk L. R. , Kushner P. J. , Derksen C. , Thackeray C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe relationship between land surface temperature and snow cover extent trends is examined in three distinct types of ensembles over the 1981–2010 period: an observation‐based ensemble, a representative selection of CMIP5 coupled climate model output, and two large initial condition coupled climate model ensembles. Observation‐based estimates of snow cover sensitivity are stronger than simulated over midlatitude and alpine regions. Observed sensitivity estimates over Arctic regions are consistent with simulated values. Anomalous snow cover extent trends present in one data set, the NOAA climate record, obscure the relationship to surface temperature seen in the rest of the analyzed data. The spread in modeled snow cover trends reflects roughly equal contributions from intermodel variability and from natural variability. Together, the anomalous relationship between surface temperature and snow cover expressed in the NOAA climate record and the large influence of natural variability present in the simulations highlight the importance of ensemble‐based approaches.
The statistical mechanics of solar wind hydroxylation at the Moon, within lunar magnetic anomalies, and at Phobos
Authors: Farrell W. M. , Hurley D. M. , Esposito V. J. , McLain J. L. , Zimmerman M. I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present a new formalism to describe the outgassing of hydrogen initially implanted by the solar wind protons into exposed soils on airless bodies. The formalism applies a statistical mechanics approach similar to that applied recently to molecular adsorption onto activated surfaces. The key element enabling this formalism is the recognition that the interatomic potential between the implanted H and regolith‐residing oxides is not of singular value but possess a distribution of trapped energy values at a given temperature, F(U,T). All subsequent derivations of the outward diffusion and H retention rely on the specific properties of this distribution. We find that solar wind hydrogen can be retained if there are sites in the implantation layer with activation energy values exceeding 0.5 eV. We especially examine the dependence of H retention applying characteristic energy values found previously for irradiated silica and mature lunar samples. We also apply the formalism to two cases that differ from the typical solar wind implantation at the Moon. First, we test for a case of implantation in magnetic anomaly regions where significantly lower‐energy ions of solar wind origin are expected to be incident with the surface. In magnetic anomalies, H retention is found to be reduced due to the reduced ion flux and shallower depth of implantation. Second, we also apply the model to Phobos where the surface temperature range is not as extreme as the Moon. We find the H atom retention in this second case is higher than the lunar case due to the reduced thermal extremes (that reduces outgassing).
Boosting Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution with an Integrated Nickel Phosphide–Carbon Nitride System
Authors: Indra Arindam , Acharjya Amitava , Menezes Prashanth W. , Merschjann Christoph , Hollmann Dirk , Schwarze Michael , Aktas Mesut , Friedrich Aleksej , Lochbrunner Stefan , Thomas Arne , Driess Matthias 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSolar light harvesting by photocatalytic H2 evolution from water could solve the problem of greenhouse gas emission from fossil fuels with alternative clean energy. However, the development of more efficient and robust catalytic systems remains a great challenge for the technological use on a large scale. Here we report the synthesis of a sol–gel prepared mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (sg‐CN) combined with nickel phosphide (Ni2P) which acts as a superior co‐catalyst for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution by visible light. This integrated system shows a much higher catalytic activity than the physical mixture of Ni2P and sg‐CN or metallic nickel on sg‐CN under similar conditions. Time‐resolved photoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies revealed that the enhanced carrier transfer at the Ni2P–sg‐CN heterojunction is the prime source for improved activity.
A Photoredox‐Induced Stereoselective Dearomative Radical (4+2)‐Cyclization/1,4‐Addition Cascade for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Hexahydro‐1H‐carbazoles
Authors: Alpers Dirk , Gallhof Malte , Witt Julian , Hoffmann Frank , Brasholz Malte 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA stereoselective synthesis of functionalized hexahydrocarbazoles was developed based on an unprecedented photoredox‐induced dearomative radical (4+2)‐cyclization/1,4‐addition cascade between 3‐(2‐iodoethyl)indoles and acceptor‐substituted alkenes. The title reaction simultaneously generates three C−C bonds and one C−H bond, along with three contiguous stereogenic centers. The hexahydro‐1H‐carbazole products are highly valuable intermediates for the synthesis of novel antibiotics, as well as unnatural ring homologues of polycyclic indoline alkaloids.
Effects of graphene oxide and chemically reduced graphene oxide on the curing kinetics of epoxy amine composites
Authors: Monteserín Cristina , Blanco M. , Aranzabe E. , Aranzabe A. , Vilas J. L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe curing kinetics of epoxy nanocomposites prepared by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) and chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been studied using isothermal and nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry. The kinetic parameters of the curing processes in these systems have been determined by a Kamal and Sourour phenomenological model expanded by a diffusion factor. The predicted curves determined using the kinetic parameters fit well with the isothermal DSC thermograms revealing the proposed kinetic equation clearly explains the curing kinetics of the prepared epoxy amine nanocomposites. Experimental and modeling results demonstrate the presence of an accelerating effect of the GO on the cure of the resin matrix. The use of rGO instead of GO resulted in a slight acceleration reaction rate due to the reduced presence of oxidation groups in rGO. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44803.
The fraction of East Asian interannual climate variability explained by SST in different seasons: an estimation based on 12 CMIP5 models
Authors: He Chao , Wang Leidi , Gu Dejun , Lin Ailan , Li Chunhui , Zheng Bin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUsing the output of 12 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), this study assessed to what extent is the interannual climate variability over East Asia explained by sea surface temperature (SST). By comparing the atmospheric component model simulations forced by observed interannual varying SST and fixed annual cycle of SST, the fraction of interannual variability explained by SST is estimated. Although SST explains a major fraction of interannual variability of both seasonal mean surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation over tropical western Pacific, it only explains about 0–30% of the interannual variance over East Asian land. The SST explains a greater fraction of interannual SAT variance in summer, since the SAT variance induced by non‐SST factors is relatively small possibly due to the weaker impact by mid‐latitude eddy activities. During winter and spring, SST accounts for a larger fraction of interannual precipitation variability over southern China than in summer and autumn, due to the stronger modulation of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation‐related SST anomalies through the anomalous anticyclone over western north Pacific from winter to spring.
A semi‐parametric regression approach to climatological quantile estimation for generating percentile‐based temperature extremes indices
Authors: Yang Chi , Xu Jing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA semi‐parametric regression approach to quantile estimation for daily temperature data is proposed, in which both the biases and inhomogeneity are negligible, and is applied to the calculation of the six percentile‐based Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) temperature extremes indices. Comparisons of the results with those from the CLIMDEX datasets show that the three warmth indices in the latter are probably biased such that their linear trends under the RCP4.5 scenario seem to be overestimated. In order to avoid drawing misleading conclusions, it is necessary to re‐examine currently adopted algorithms and available datasets, and to develop new methods for generating the percentile‐based ETCCDI indices.