bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived quality of HIV treatment and care services in Wolaita Zone of southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yakob Bereket , Ncama Busisiwe Purity 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the levels and factors affecting the perceived quality of HIV/AIDS treatment and care services.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted in Wolaita Zone of southern Ethiopia in one hospital and five health centres providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and pre-ART.Participants481 persons infected with HIV on outpatient care, 408 (83.8%) on ART and 73 (16.2%) on pre-ART care.Results324 (71.4%) of the participants perceived the quality of HIV care as ‘good’, while 130 (28.6%) stated that it was ‘not good’; 219 (46.2%) and 255 (53.8%) were satisfied and not satisfied with the services, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, a unit increase in the doctors subscale of multidimensional health locus of control-form c score resulted in a 1.27 (1.04 to 1.55) increase in the odds of perceived good quality of care (p<0.05). Similarly, a unit increase in the responsiveness, perceived financial fairness, and perceived transportation convenience scores was associated with a 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05) (p<0.05), 1.08 (1.05 to 1.15) (p<0.01), and 1.07 (1.05 to 1.18) (p<0.05) increase in the odds of perceived good quality of HIV care, respectively. In terms of client satisfaction with services, a 1 km increase in the distance from health facilities, and unemployment were associated with a 4.64 (2.61 to 8.25) (p<0.001), 1.02 (1.01 to 1.04) (p<0.05) and 2.23 (1.30 to 4.54) (p<0.01) times, respectively, increase in the perceived quality of HIV treatment and care services.ConclusionsThe majority of the participants reported perceptions of good quality HIV care and satisfaction with the services. Satisfaction with services; responsiveness; health locus of control; perceived financial fairness; perceived transportation convenience; employment status; and distance from the health facility were predictors of the perceived quality of HIV care. Thus, improving quality of HIV treatment services may require addressing the above factors.
Effect of just-in-time simulation training on provider performance and patient outcomes for clinical procedures: a systematic review
Authors: Braga Matthew S , Tyler Michelle D , Rhoads Jared M , Cacchio Michael P , Auerbach Marc , Nishisaki Akira , Larson Robin J 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundProviding simulation training directly before an actual clinical procedure—or ‘just-in-time’ (JiT)—is resource intensive, but could improve both provider performance and patient outcomes.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of JiT simulation training versus no JiT training on provider performance and patient complications following clinical procedures on patients.Study selectionWe searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, ClinicalTrials.gov, simulation journals indexes and references of included studies during October 2014 for randomised trials, non-randomised trials and before-after studies comparing JiT simulation training versus no JiT training among providers performing clinical procedures. Findings were synthesised qualitatively.FindingsOf 1805 records screened, 8 studies comprising 3540 procedures and 1969 providers were eligible. 5 involved surgical procedures; the other 3 included paediatric endotracheal intubations, central venous catheter dressing changes, or infant lumbar puncture. Methodological quality was high. Of the 8 studies evaluating provider performance, 5 favoured JiT simulation training with 18–48% relative improvement on validated clinical performance scales, 16–20% relative reduction in surgical time and 12% absolute reduction in corrective prompts during central venous catheter dressing changes; 3 studies were equivocal with no improvement in intubation success, lumbar puncture success or urological surgery clinical performance scores. 3 studies evaluated patient complications; 1 favoured JiT simulation training with 45% relative reduction in central line-associated blood stream infections; 2 studies found no differences following intubation or laparoscopic nephrectomy.ConclusionsJiT simulation training improves provider performance, but currently available literature does not demonstrate a reduction in patient complications.
Fluctuation induced magneto-conductivity of Y3Ba5Cu8O18±x and YBa2Cu3O7−d
Authors: Slimani Y. , Hannachi E. , Ben Salem M. K. , Hamrita A. , Ben Salem M. , Ben Azzouz F. 
Published: December 2015

A comparative study of the fluctuation magneto-conductivity in [Formula: see text] (noted [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] (noted [Formula: see text]) polycrystalline samples was carried out. Samples were synthesized in oxygen atmosphere using a standard solid state reaction technique. Phases and microstructure have been systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magneto-conductivity was measured in a magnetic field ranging from 0 T to 7 T applied perpendicular to the current path direction. The magneto-conductivity data were analyzed in terms of the temperature derivative of the resistivity and the logarithmic temperature derivative of the conductivity [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the fluctuation conductivity. Analyses of the magneto-conductivity data reveal that [Formula: see text] possesses a better quality of intrinsic Josephson junction compared to [Formula: see text] one while in the former one the depression in superconducting temperature is more pronounced. The applied magnetic field narrowed substantially the three dimensions (3D) Gaussian regime and for [Formula: see text] sample this regime is vanished for high magnetic field ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]1 T). Results are discussed in relation with the difference in the structure and microstructure [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The upper critical and the irreversibility magnetic fields were estimated and were found to be higher in the [Formula: see text] sample.
The bandgap distribution investigated across the strain-induced bending ZnO nanowire
Authors: Tse Geoffrey , Yu Dapeng 
Published: December 2015

In this work, the strain dependence of electronic and optical properties in wurtzite zinc oxide (ZnO) lattice were explored. Ab initio density functional theory (DFT) was used in evaluating the energy bandgap and the dielectric tensor, respectively. The influence on the bandgap due to the shear distortion was so small that the reducing linear trends on uniaxial compressive/tensile strain were reported, in which the evolution of the absorption curve with uniaxial strain agrees well with the experimental results across the bending section. This study provides a set of useful data in analyzing the evolution of the optical adsorption across the bending ZnO nanowire, and gives a systematic explanation to the available experiments from the electronic structure’s perspective.
Cenozoic palaeoenvironmental and tectonic controls on the evolution of the northern Fergana Basin
Authors: Bande Alejandro , Radjabov Shukhrat , Sobel Edward R. , Sim Tatyana 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

The least well-documented intramountain basin within the Tien Shan is the Fergana Basin. Cenozoic deformation is localized along thrusts on the northern and southern flanks, and by transpressive deformation associated with the dextral Talas–Fergana Fault on the eastern margin. We use sedimentological and stratigraphic observations from well-exposed Cenozoic outcrops to describe depositional environments, provenance and sources. These results are combined with interpreted seismic reflection lines and geological cross-sections are extended laterally based on outcrop geology to the north and east. Following a tectonically quiet early Cenozoic period, a progressive change in palaeocurrent indicators suggests Oligo-Miocene uplift of the hinterland, coupled with an increase in higher energy facies in the Massaget Formation. A renewed pulse of deformation tilted Massaget strata and deposited a considerable volume of coarse sedimentary rocks (Baktriy Formation). The younger episode moved progressively basinwards, as imaged by growth–strata relationships in the subsurface. Published work shows that the accumulation of an impressive
c.
8 km of Cenozoic deposits cannot be accommodated only by lithospheric flexure produced by a tectonic load. We agree with the hypothesis that the thick sediments preserved in the basin are accommodated by lithospheric folding and propose that this is driven by compression associated with south-vergent Pamir subduction.
Keeping safe in the field: what, how and why?
Authors: Gill Caroline E. , Lynn Gwilym J. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Geological field trips are a fundamental part of the development of geoscientists both in academia and in industry. The principles learned in the field are often directly translated into everyday work and therefore maintenance of field time is critical. Across the world, the focus on health, safety and the environment for geological field trips is increasing and it is no longer acceptable to pile onto a bus and go out for an afternoon with no prior planning. This paper will address why field trip safety is of increasing importance, considerations that should be taken in order to keep geoscientists safe in the field and practical guidance on how to enable planning for safe field trips in the future.
Cardiomyocyte VEGF Regulates Endothelial Cell GPIHBP1 to Relocate Lipoprotein Lipase to the Coronary Lumen During Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chiu Amy Pei-Ling , Wan Andrea , Lal Nathaniel , Zhang Dahai , Wang Fulong , Vlodavsky Israel , Hussein Bahira , Rodrigues Brian 
Published: December 2015

Objective—
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)–mediated triglyceride hydrolysis is the major source of fatty acid for cardiac energy. LPL, synthesized in cardiomyocytes, is translocated across endothelial cells (EC) by its transporter glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein–binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1). Previously, we have reported an augmentation in coronary LPL, which was linked to an increased expression of GPIHBP1 following moderate diabetes mellitus. We examined the potential mechanism by which hyperglycemia amplifies GPIHBP1.

Approach and Results—
Exposure of rat aortic EC to high glucose induced GPIHBP1 expression and amplified LPL shuttling across these cells. This effect coincided with an elevated secretion of heparanase. Incubation of EC with high glucose or latent heparanase resulted in secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Primary cardiomyocytes, being a rich source of VEGF, when cocultured with EC, restored EC GPIHBP1 that is lost because of cell passaging. Furthermore, recombinant VEGF induced EC GPIHBP1 mRNA and protein expression within 24 hours, an effect that could be prevented by a VEGF neutralizing antibody. This VEGF-induced increase in GPIHBP1 was through Notch signaling that encompassed Delta-like ligand 4 augmentation and nuclear translocation of the Notch intracellular domain. Finally, cardiomyocytes from severely diabetic animals exhibiting attenuation of VEGF were unable to increase EC GPIHBP1 expression and had lower LPL activity at the vascular lumen in perfused hearts.

Conclusion—
EC, as the first responders to hyperglycemia, can release heparanase to liberate myocyte VEGF. This growth factor, by activating EC Notch signaling, is responsible for facilitating GPIHBP1-mediated translocation of LPL across EC and regulating LPL-derived fatty acid delivery to the cardiomyocytes.
Prediction of Early Arterial Recanalization and Tissue Fate in the Selection of Patients With the Greatest Potential to Benefit From Intravenous Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Leiva-Salinas Carlos , Patrie James T. , Xin Wenjun , Michel Patrik , Jovin Tudor , Wintermark Max 
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—
Our objective is to determine the performance of the combination of likelihood of arterial recanalization and tissue fate to predict functional clinical outcome in patients with acute stroke.

Methods—
Clinical, imaging, and outcome data were collected in 173 patients with acute ischemic stroke who presented within 4.5 hours from symptom onset, in the time window eligible for intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator. Imaging data included Alberta Score Program Early Computed Tomographic Score (ASPECTS), site of occlusion, volume of ischemic core and penumbra, and recanalization. Outcome data consisted of modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days. We classified patients based on their baseline imaging characteristics and treatment with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (yes/no) according to 5 different hypothetical prognostic algorithms: (1) based on whether patients received intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator, (2) based on ASPECTS, (3) based on the site of occlusion, (4) based on volume of ischemic core and penumbra, and (5) based on a matrix of predicted recanalization and volume of ischemic core and penumbra. We compared the performance of such algorithms to predict good clinical outcome, defined as modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2 at 90 days.

Results—
One hundred and twenty-four patients received intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator; 49 did not. In the group that was treated, 46 (37%) had good outcome as opposed to 38.7% in the nontreated. The algorithm that combined the prediction of recanalization with the volume of ischemic core and penumbra showed the highest accuracy to predict good outcome (77.7%) as opposed to others (range, 43.9%–57.2%)

Conclusions—
The combination of predicted recanalization and tissue fate proved superior to prognosticate good clinical outcome when compared with other usual predictors.
Pupil Diameter Tracks the Exploration–Exploitation Trade-off during Analogical Reasoning and Explains Individual Differences in Fluid Intelligence
Authors: Hayes Taylor R. , Petrov Alexander A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The ability to adaptively shift between exploration and exploitation control states is critical for optimizing behavioral performance. Converging evidence from primate electrophysiology and computational neural modeling has suggested that this ability may be mediated by the broad norepinephrine projections emanating from the locus coeruleus (LC) [Aston-Jones, G., & Cohen, J. D. An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: Adaptive gain and optimal performance. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 28, 403–450, 2005]. There is also evidence that pupil diameter covaries systematically with LC activity. Although imperfect and indirect, this link makes pupillometry a useful tool for studying the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system in humans and in high-level tasks. Here, we present a novel paradigm that examines how the pupillary response during exploration and exploitation covaries with individual differences in fluid intelligence during analogical reasoning on Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices. Pupillometry was used as a noninvasive proxy for LC activity, and concurrent think-aloud verbal protocols were used to identify exploratory and exploitative solution periods. This novel combination of pupillometry and verbal protocols from 40 participants revealed a decrease in pupil diameter during exploitation and an increase during exploration. The temporal dynamics of the pupillary response was characterized by a steep increase during the transition to exploratory periods, sustained dilation for many seconds afterward, and followed by gradual return to baseline. Moreover, the individual differences in the relative magnitude of pupillary dilation accounted for 16% of the variance in Advanced Progressive Matrices scores. Assuming that pupil diameter is a valid index of LC activity, these results establish promising preliminary connections between the literature on locus coeruleus norepinephrine-mediated cognitive control and the literature on analogical reasoning and fluid intelligence.
Reduction of Dual-task Costs by Noninvasive Modulation of Prefrontal Activity in Healthy Elders
Authors: Manor Brad , Zhou Junhong , Jor'dan Azizah , Zhang Jue , Fang Jing , Pascual-Leone Alvaro 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Dual tasking (e.g., walking or standing while performing a cognitive task) disrupts performance in one or both tasks, and such dual-task costs increase with aging into senescence. Dual tasking activates a network of brain regions including pFC. We therefore hypothesized that facilitation of prefrontal cortical activity via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) would reduce dual-task costs in older adults. Thirty-seven healthy older adults completed two visits during which dual tasking was assessed before and after 20 min of real or sham tDCS targeting the left pFC. Trials of single-task standing, walking, and verbalized serial subtractions were completed, along with dual-task trials of standing or walking while performing serial subtractions. Dual-task costs were calculated as the percent change in markers of gait and postural control and serial subtraction performance, from single to dual tasking. Significant dual-task costs to standing, walking, and serial subtraction performance were observed before tDCS (p &lt; .01). These dual-task costs were less after real tDCS as compared with sham tDCS as well as compared with either pre-tDCS condition (p &lt; .03). Further analyses indicated that tDCS did not alter single task performance but instead improved performance solely within dual-task conditions (p &lt; .02). These results demonstrate that dual tasking can be improved by modulating prefrontal activity, thus indicating that dual-task decrements are modifiable and may not necessarily reflect an obligatory consequence of aging. Moreover, tDCS may ultimately serve as a novel approach to preserving dual-task capacity into senescence.
Impact of Two Plumes’ Interaction on Submarine Melting of Tidewater Glaciers: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Cenedese Claudia , Gatto V. Marco 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIdealized laboratory experiments investigate the glacier–ocean boundary dynamics near a vertical glacier in a two-layer stratified fluid. Discharge of meltwater runoff at the base of the glacier (subglacial discharge) enhances submarine melting. In the laboratory, the effect of multiple sources of subglacial discharge is simulated by introducing freshwater at freezing temperature from two point sources at the base of an ice block representing the glacier. The buoyant plumes of cold meltwater and subglacial discharge water entrain warm ambient water, rise vertically, and interact within a layer of depth H2 if the distance between the sources x0 is smaller than H2α/0.35, where α is the entrainment constant. The plume water detaches from the glacier face at the interface between the two layers and/or at the free surface, as confirmed by previous numerical studies and field observations. A plume model is used to explain the observed nonmonotonic dependence of submarine melting on the sources’ separation. The distance between the two sources influences the entrainment of warm water in the plumes and consequently the amount of submarine melting and the final location of the meltwater within the water column. Two interacting plumes located very close together are observed to melt approximately half as much as two independent plumes. The inclusion, or parameterization, of the dynamics regulating multiple plumes’ interaction is therefore necessary for a correct estimate of submarine melting. Hence, the distribution and number of sources of subglacial discharge may play an important role in glacial melt rates and fjord stratification and circulation.
Syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL): A case report with serial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings.. Is there an association with human herpes virus type 7 (HHV-7) infection?
Authors: Stelten Bianca ML , Venhovens Jeroen , van der Velden Lieven BJ , Meulstee Jan , Verhagen Wim IM 
Published: December 2015

Introduction The syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is a diagnosis made by exclusion. In the literature, different etiological explanations are proposed for HaNDL, including an immune-mediated reaction after a viral infection. Case description We present a case of a 23-year-old woman with several episodes of transient headache, neurological deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis. All diagnostic criteria for the HaNDL syndrome were fulfilled; however, additional cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for human herpes virus type 7 (HHV-7). Discussion The possible role of a (prodromal) viral infection in the etiology of HaNDL is discussed. Also the role of electroencephalography (EEG) recordings is discussed. Serial EEG recordings showed generalized slowing, frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA) and symmetric triphasic frontal waves with a dilation lag.
How common is normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure in spontaneous intracranial hypotension?
Authors: Kranz Peter G , Tanpitukpongse Teerath P , Choudhury Kingshuk Roy , Amrhein Timothy J , Gray Linda 
Published: December 2015

Objectives To determine the proportion of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) who had a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure >6 cm H2O and to investigate the clinical and imaging variables associated with CSF pressure ( PCSF) in this condition. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 106 patients with SIH. PCSF was measured by lumbar puncture prior to treatment. Clinical and imaging variables – including demographic data, brain imaging results, symptom duration, and abdominal circumference – were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the correlation of these variables with PCSF. Results Sixty-one percent of patients had a PCSF between 6 and 20 cm H2O; only 34% had a PCSF ≤6 cm H2O. The factors associated with increased PCSF included abdominal circumference ( p < 0.001), symptom duration ( p = 0.015), and the absence of brain magnetic resonance imaging findings of SIH ( p = 0.003). A wide variability in PCSF was observed among all patients, which was not completely accounted for by the variables included in the model. Conclusions Normal CSF pressure is common in patients with SIH; the absence of a low opening pressure should not exclude this condition. Body habitus, symptom duration, and brain imaging are correlated with PCSF measurements, but these factors alone do not entirely explain the wide variability in observed pressures in this condition and this suggests the influence of other factors.