bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Time Variation of Dust Extinction and Gas Absorption for Type Ia Supernovae Observed through a Nonuniform Interstellar Medium
Authors: Huang X. , Aldering G. , Biederman M. , Herger B. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
For Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed through a nonuniform interstellar medium (ISM) in its host galaxy, we investigate whether the nonuniformity can cause observable time variations in dust extinction and in gas absorption due to the expansion of the SN photosphere with time. We show that, owing to the steep spectral index of the ISM density power spectrum, sizable density fluctuation amplitudes at the length scale of typical ISM structures (

) will translate to much smaller fluctuations on the scales of an SN photosphere. Therefore, the typical amplitude of time variation due to a nonuniform ISM, of absorption equivalent widths, and of extinction, would be small. As a result, we conclude that nonuniform ISM density should not impact cosmology measurements based on SNe Ia. We apply our predictions based on the ISM density power-law power spectrum to the observations of two highly reddened SNe Ia, SN 2012cu and SN 2014J.
Demonstrating a New Census of Infrared Galaxies with ALMA (DANCING-ALMA). I. FIR Size and Luminosity Relation at z = 0–6 Revealed with 1034 ALMA Sources
Authors: Fujimoto Seiji , Ouchi Masami , Shibuya Takatoshi , Nagai Hiroshi 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present the large statistics of the galaxy effective radius R
e in the rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) wavelength

obtained from 1627 Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1 mm band maps that become public by 2017 July. Our ALMA sample consists of 1034 sources with the star formation rate

and the stellar mass

at z = 0–6. We homogeneously derive

and FIR luminosity L
FIR of our ALMA sources via the uv-visibility method with the exponential disk model, carefully evaluating selection and measurement incompletenesses by realistic Monte-Carlo simulations. We find that there is a positive correlation between

and L
FIR at the >99% significance level. The best-fit power-law function,

, provides

, and shows that

at a fixed L
FIR decreases toward high redshifts. The best-fit α and the redshift evolution of

are similar to those of R
e in the rest-frame UV (optical) wavelength

(

) revealed by Hubble Space Telescope (HST) studies. We identify that our ALMA sources have significant trends of

and

, which suggests that the dusty starbursts take place in compact regions. Moreover,

of our ALMA sources is comparable to

of quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 1–3 as a function of stellar mass, supporting the evolutionary connection between these two galaxy populations. We also investigate rest-frame UV and optical morphologies of our ALMA sources with deep HST images, and find that ∼30%–40% of our ALMA sources are classified as major mergers. This indicates that dusty starbursts are triggered by not only the major mergers but also the other mechanism(s).
An X-Ray Study of Two B+B Binaries: AH Cep and CW Cep
Authors: Ignace R. , Hole K. T. , Oskinova L. M. , Rotter J. P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
AH Cep and CW Cep are both early B-type binaries with short orbital periods of 1.8 days and 2.7 days, respectively. All four components are B0.5V types. The binaries are also double-lined spectroscopic and eclipsing. Consequently, solutions for orbital and stellar parameters make the pair of binaries ideal targets for a study of the colliding winds between two B stars. Chandra ACIS-I observations were obtained to determine X-ray luminosities. AH Cep was detected with an unabsorbed X-ray luminosity at a 90% confidence interval of

erg s−1, or

, relative to the combined Bolometric luminosities of the two components. While formally consistent with expectations for embedded wind shocks, or binary wind collision, the near-twin system of CW Cep was a surprising nondetection. For CW Cep, an upper limit was determined with

, again for the combined components. One difference between these two systems is that AH Cep is part of a multiple system. The X-rays from AH Cep may not arise from standard wind shocks nor wind collision, but perhaps instead from magnetism in any one of the four components of the system. The possibility could be tested by searching for cyclic X-ray variability in AH Cep on the short orbital period of the inner B stars.
Old but Still Warm: Far-UV Detection of PSR B0950+08*
Authors: Pavlov G. G. , Rangelov B. , Kargaltsev O. , Reisenegger A. , Guillot S. , Reyes C. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We report on a Hubble Space Telescope detection of the nearby, old pulsar B0950+08 (

pc, spin-down age 17.5 Myr) in two far-ultraviolet (FUV) bands. We measured the mean flux densities

nJy and 83 ± 14 nJy in the F125LP and F140LP filters (pivot wavelengths 1438 and 1528 Å). Using the FUV data together with previously obtained optical–UV data, we conclude that the optical–FUV spectrum consists of two components—a nonthermal (presumably magnetospheric) power-law spectrum (

) with slope

and a thermal spectrum emitted from the bulk of the neutron star (NS) surface with a temperature in the range of (1–3) × 105 K, depending on interstellar extinction and NS radius. These temperatures are much higher than predicted by NS cooling models for such an old pulsar, which means that some heating mechanisms operate in NSs. A plausible mechanism responsible for the high temperature of PSR B0950+08 is the interaction of vortex lines of the faster rotating neutron superfluid with the slower rotating normal matter in the inner NS crust (vortex creep heating).
A Multi-telescope Campaign on FRB 121102: Implications for the FRB Population
Authors: Law C. J. , Abruzzo M. W. , Bassa C. G. , Bower G. C. , Burke-Spolaor S. , Butler B. J. , Cantwell T. , Carey S. H. , Chatterjee S. , Cordes J. M. , Demorest P. , Dowell J. , Fender R. , Gourdji K. , Grainge K. , Hessels J. W. T. , Hickish J. , Kaspi V. M. , Lazio T. J. W. , McLaughlin M. A. , Michilli D. , Mooley K. , Perrott Y. C. , Ransom S. M. , Razavi-Ghods N. , Rupen M. , Scaife A. , Scott P. , Scholz P. , Seymour A. , Spitler L. G. , Stovall K. , Tendulkar S. P. , Titterington D. , Wharton R. S. , Williams P. K. G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present results of the coordinated observing campaign that made the first subarcsecond localization of a fast radio burst, FRB 121102. During this campaign, we made the first simultaneous detection of an FRB burst using multiple telescopes: the VLA at 3 GHz and the Arecibo Observatory at 1.4 GHz. Of the nine bursts detected by the Very Large Array at 3 GHz, four had simultaneous observing coverage at other observatories at frequencies from 70 MHz to 15 GHz. The one multi-observatory detection and three non-detections of bursts seen at 3 GHz confirm earlier results showing that burst spectra are not well modeled by a power law. We find that burst spectra are characterized by a ∼500 MHz envelope and apparent radio energy as high as 1040 erg. We measure significant changes in the apparent dispersion between bursts that can be attributed to frequency-dependent profiles or some other intrinsic burst structure that adds a systematic error to the estimate of dispersion measure by up to 1%. We use FRB 121102 as a prototype of the FRB class to estimate a volumetric birth rate of FRB sources

Mpc−3 yr−1, where N

r
is the number of bursts per source over its lifetime. This rate is broadly consistent with models of FRBs from young pulsars or magnetars born in superluminous supernovae or long gamma-ray bursts if the typical FRB repeats on the order of thousands of times during its lifetime.
PSR J1119–6127 and Its Pulsar Wind Nebula Following the Magnetar-like Bursts
Authors: Blumer Harsha , Safi-Harb Samar , McLaughlin Maura A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present a Chandra Director’s Discretionary Time observation of PSR J1119–6127 and its compact X-ray pulsar wind nebula (PWN) obtained on 2016 October 27, three months after the Fermi and Swift detection of millisecond bursts in hard X-rays, accompanied by a ≳160 times increase in flux. This magnetar-like activity, the first observed from a rotation-powered radio pulsar, provides an important probe of the physical processes that differentiate radio pulsars from magnetars. The post-burst X-ray spectrum of the pulsar can be described by a single power-law model with a photon index of 2.0 ± 0.2 and an unabsorbed flux of

10−12 erg cm−2 s−1 in the 0.5–7.0 keV energy range. At the time of Chandra observations, the pulsar was still brighter by a factor of ∼22 in comparison with its quiescence. The X-ray images reveal a nebula brighter than in the pre-burst Chandra observations (from 2002 and 2004), with an unabsorbed flux of

10−13 erg cm−2 s−1. This implies a current X-ray efficiency of

at a distance of 8.4 kpc. In addition, a faint torus-like structure is visible along the southeast–northwest direction and a jet-like feature perpendicular to the torus toward the southwest. The PWN is best fitted by an absorbed power-law with a photon index of 2.2 ± 0.5 (post-burst). While the pulsar can still be energetically powered by rotation, the observed changes in PSR J1119–6127 and its PWN following the magnetar-like bursts point to an additional source of energy powered by its high magnetic field.
Superoxide Production by NADPH Oxidase Intensifies Macrophage Antiviral Responses during Diabetogenic Coxsackievirus Infection
Authors: Burg Ashley R. , Das Shaonli , Padgett Lindsey E. , Koenig Zachary E. , Tse Hubert M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCoxsackievirus B infections are suspected environmental triggers of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and macrophage antiviral responses may provide a link to virus-induced T1D. We previously demonstrated an important role for NADPH oxidase (NOX)–derived superoxide production during T1D pathogenesis, as NOX-deficient NOD mice (NOD.Ncf1m1J) were protected against T1D due, in part, to impaired proinflammatory TLR signaling in NOD.Ncf1m1J macrophages. Therefore, we hypothesized that loss of NOX-derived superoxide would dampen diabetogenic antiviral macrophage responses and protect from virus-induced diabetes. Upon infection with a suspected diabetogenic virus, Coxsackievirus B3 (CB3), NOD.Ncf1m1J mice remained resistant to virus-induced autoimmune diabetes. A concomitant decrease in circulating inflammatory chemokines, blunted antiviral gene signature within the pancreas, and reduced proinflammatory M1 macrophage responses were observed. Importantly, exogenous superoxide addition to CB3-infected NOD.Ncf1m1J bone marrow–derived macrophages rescued the inflammatory antiviral M1 macrophage response, revealing reduction-oxidation–dependent mechanisms of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling and dsRNA viral sensors in macrophages. We report that superoxide production following CB3 infection may exacerbate pancreatic β cell destruction in T1D by influencing proinflammatory M1 macrophage responses, and mechanistically linking oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetogenic virus infections.
Epidemiology of Injury Due to Race-Day Jockey Falls in Professional Flat and Jump Horse Racing in Ireland, 2011–2015
Authors: O'Connor Siobhan , Warrington Giles , McGoldrick Adrian , Cullen SarahJane 
Published: November 2017

Context:
Professional horse racing is considered a high-risk sport, yet the last analysis of fall and injury incidence in this sport in Ireland was completed between 1999 and 2006.

Objective:
To provide an updated analysis of the fall and injury incidence in professional flat and jump horse racing in Ireland from 2011 through 2015, compare it with the previous analysis, and detail the specific types and locations of injuries.

Design:
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting:
A medical doctor recorded all injuries that occurred at every official flat and jump race meeting for the 2011 through 2015 seasons using standardized injury-report forms.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Injury and fall rates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported for flat and jump racing. Incidence rate ratios and 95% CIs were calculated between flat and jump racing, between the 1999–2006 analysis and the current results, and between 2011 and 2015. The distribution of injuries for type and location of injury was reported.

Results:
Compared with flat racing, jump racing had significantly more falls per 1000 rides (49.5 versus 3.8), injuries per 1000 rides (10.1 versus 1.4), and injuries per 1000 meetings (776.0 versus 94.1). However, the rate of injuries per 1000 falls was significantly higher in flat racing (352.8 versus 203.8). An increase in injuries per 1000 falls between 2011 and 2015 was found in flat racing (P = .005). Since the previous analysis, a significant increase in injuries per 1000 rides and falls was noted in jump racing. Soft tissue injuries were predominant in flat and jump racing (61.54% and 68.80%, respectively), with fractures the second most common injury (15.38% and 18.06%, respectively). Concussions were more prevalent from flat-racing falls (incidence rate ratio = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.15, 0.61). The lower limb was the most frequent location of injury (32.89%) in flat racing; however, in jump racing, upper limb injuries (34.97%) were predominant.

Conclusions:
An update on professional flat- and jump-racing fall and injury epidemiology is provided. Further research to identify risk factors for injury, design and investigate the feasibility of injury-prevention strategies, and document their effects on fall and injury incidence is required.
Finding Poe's “Rotten Point”: Usher's Architectural Phrenology
Authors: Tavlin Zachary 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this article, I will consider “The Fall of the House of Usher” as an architectural manifesto but one that conceives of “architecture” as an environmental pseudoscience with links to nineteenth-century theories of phrenology and physiognomy. Poe's architectural “manifesto” operates on a number of levels—including on the lived body—as he hypothesizes diagnosable links between built environments and subjective-physiological structures. I will thus draw out a dialectical concept amenable to Poe's metaphysical, literary, and medical designs: the notion of an “architectural phrenology” that joins seemingly disparate scales of human thought and activity in order to diagnose our condition within a universe violently opposed to the continuation of our mental, corporeal, and communal identifications.
The Horror of Taking a Picture in Poe's “Tell-Tale Heart”
Authors: Sweeney Susan Elizabeth 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In “The Tell-Tale Heart,” Poe's narrator wields an instrument that enhances his vision, adjusts its aperture, calculates the length of exposure, and focuses a single ray of light—all to capture a specific image of someone else. By 1843, when this horror story appeared in The Pioneer, Poe had not only learned of Daguerre's new process for preserving images in a camera obscura but had also published four articles about that process and even sat for his own daguerreotype portrait. Poe's fascination with daguerreotypy influenced several of his tales in the early 1840s. This article reads “The Tell-Tale Heart” in the context of early photography, as documented by news reports, manuals, histories, and reminiscences. I argue that the process of taking daguerreotypes provided a model for both the narrator's actions and the story's construction. “The Tell-Tale Heart” evokes the procedure of setting up a camera, disclosing the lens, adjusting the focus, timing the exposure, and capturing an image. It also addresses the camera's effect on human subjects. Although Poe's contemporaries whimsically referred to torture or agony to convey the ordeal of sitting before a camera, he treated this experience as a source of genuine horror. By narrating “The Tell-Tale Heart” from the perspective of someone inflicting this torment on someone else, and by describing in detail the techniques involved—a clear allusion to the process of taking a daguerreotype—Poe created a new kind of horror tale, featuring a narrator who is obsessed with using visual technology to obtain a particular image.
“A Problem in Detection”: The Rhetoric of Murder in Poe's “The Black Cat”
Authors: Dern John A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The narrator of Poe's “The Black Cat” is a murderer penning a confession on the eve of his execution. This much he admits. He also believes he is the victim of a malevolent, supernatural being, a witching cat—the doppelgänger of a cat the narrator hanged. In the end, this second cat, the narrator claims, fiendishly worked his undoing by tormenting him mercilessly, using its “craft” to seduce him into murder. T. O. Mabbott, in fact, calls this narrative “a story of ‘orthodox’ witchcraft.” Still, the narrator's word choices and paragraphing offer evidence of another hypothesis. The being who tormented the narrator, his “incarnate Night-Mare,” was not the second cat, as such, but the narrator's wife. In his story, the narrator unwittingly reveals his psychological motivation, which, in part, involves his perception of a confederacy between the wife and the second cat—which is not to say that a coherent case for this motivation can disregard the narrator's otherworldly dread. Nevertheless, from his initial discussion of domestic life to his characterization of the murder as an assassination, the narrator rhetorically reveals enough about his inner thoughts, including his sexual discontent, for a reader to hypothesize that the narrator's crime against his wife was personal.
A Source for Poe's “Marginalia”
Authors: Corcella Aldo 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The article aims at showing that some “Marginalia” in the first two installments of the series (items 1, 4, 9, 10, 14, 22, 24, 25, 36, 55, 68, 71, 84, and maybe also 69 in Pollin's edition) were inspired by articles published in the December 1794 issue of the London journal The British Critic, a New Review.
O perfil da elite política local: Uma análise da autopercepção dos vereadores sobre a representação
Authors: Martins Thais Cavalcante , Kerbauy Maria Teresa Miceli 
Published: November 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo traçar o perfil dos vereadores do município de São Carlos no período de 2001 a 2008, por meio dos atributos sociais, ocupacionais e educacionais. Para tanto, tomamos como referência o método posicional. Buscamos ainda captar a percepção da elite parlamentar municipal sobre o exercício da representação, como forma de destacar o papel dos vereadores na política local. Dentre os principais resultados, destacamos que no município a elite política é formada por homens brancos e católicos, com alto nível de escolaridade, e sem forte vínculo partidário.
Effect of Online Searches on Stock Returns
Authors: Ahluwalia Saurabh 
Published: November 2017

Various theoretical models assume that information seeking behavior of investors has an impact on prices. However, it is very difficult to empirically test this, since the actual information acquisition process of the investors is unobservable. Using a unique data set from Google Trends, I construct a search volume index (SVI) and use it to proxy for the information seeking behavior of retail investors. Using a portfolio based approach I document the asymmetric response of future returns to the changes in the google search volume. I find that the portfolio with the highest increase in the SVI has positive and significant alphas while portfolios with decrease in SVI show no significant results. My results are robust to alternative specifications of risk models, time frames and measures of search index. Overall, my results are in line with the hypothesis that retail investors’ trades can effect stock prices.
Relative Governance and the Global Cross-Listing Decision: Extending the Bonding Hypothesis
Authors: Ferris Stephen Paul , Liao Min Yu 
Published: November 2017

Using a comprehensive set of cross-listings, we extend the bonding hypothesis by developing what we term as the relative bonding hypothesis. We hypothesize that firms seek the advantages of stronger investor protections by listing in countries whose governance is relatively better than its own. This means that firms can achieve bonding without listing in the U.S and that the governance advantages of bonding are not only for ADRs. We find that firms are more likely to choose a cross-listing destination if the host country has better governance than the home country, except those firms from countries whose managers enjoy greater private benefits of control. We also find that there is valuation premium even when cross-listing occurs outside of the U.S. The premia are even stronger if the host country has better governance than that of the home country. We conclude that although bonding might explain the existence of ADRs, relative bonding helps to explain the extensive cross-listing which occurs outside of the U.S.
Fast-Arq
Authors: Gil Gimenez Paloma , Martínez Rodríguez José Manuel 
Published: November 2017

Fas-Arq, es una experiencia para el aprendizaje de Proyectos Arquitectónicos II y IV del tercer curso de la Carrera, que se vincula al ámbito creativo de la arquitectura. La dinámica es voluntaria. Se avisa a los alumnos dos días antes sobre los instrumentos necesarios para la realización de los trabajos que se llevan a cabo en un aula común y con interacción completa. Los profesores responden dudas prácticas y no se preocupan de comprobar la autoría de los resultados. No se califica las soluciones, solamente se exponen las que pudieran ser de mayor interés en un ámbito informal. Durante el curso 2016-2017 se han realizado 9 Fast-Arq. Los alumnos y los profesores han respondido mayoritariamente aportando su tiempo y sus capacidades a la acción. También han colaborado con plena libertad de planteamiento, sociólogos y arquitectos que reflexionan críticamente desde varios campos límites con la docencia y la profesión.
Fas-Arq, is an experience for learning Architectural Design III and IV of the third course, which is linked to the creative fields of architecture. The dynamic is free and voluntary. Warns students two days earlier on the instruments necessary for the works which are carried out in a common classroom and interaction completed. Teachers respond to practical questions and don't care to check the authorship of the results. He is not qualified solutions, only are exposed which might be of greater interest in an informal space. During 2016-2017 have been 9 Fast-Arq. Students and teachers have responded mostly contributing their time and skills to action. They have also collaborated with full freedom to approach, sociologists and architects that critically reflect limits with the teaching profession from several outlooks.