bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orf-Virus-Infektion bei einer 53‑jährigen Frau
Authors: Kälber Katharina Anna , Enk Alexander , Michel Janine , Schrick Livia , Winkler Julia Katharina 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Orf-Virus gehört zu den Parapockenviren. Es kommt weltweit vor, sein natürliches Reservoir sind Schafe und Ziegen. Durch direkten oder indirekten Kontakt mit betroffenen Tieren kann es zu einer Infektion beim Menschen kommen. Es kommt zu infektiösen Ulzerationen, die bei immunkompetenten Patienten meist nach wenigen Wochen spontan abheilen. Eine Meldung an die zuständige Berufsgenossenschaft sollte erfolgen, sofern die Exposition im beruflichen Umfeld erfolgt, beispielsweise bei Bauern.
Automated condylar seating assessment using a deep learning-based three-step approach
Authors: Berends Bo , Vinayahalingam Shankeeth , Baan Frank , Flügge Tabea , Maal Thomas , Bergé Stefaan , de Jong Guide , Xi Tong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
In orthognatic surgery, one of the primary determinants for reliable three-dimensional virtual surgery planning (3D VSP) and an accurate transfer of 3D VSP to the patient in the operation room is the condylar seating. Incorrectly seated condyles would primarily affect the accuracy of maxillary-first bimaxillary osteotomies as the maxillary repositioning is dependent on the positioning of the mandible in the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel tool by utilizing a deep learning algorithm that automatically evaluates the condylar seating based on CBCT images as a proof of concept.

Materials and methods
As a reference, 60 CBCT scans (120 condyles) were labeled. The automatic assessment of condylar seating included three main parts: segmentation module, ray-casting, and feed-forward neural network (FFNN). The AI-based algorithm was trained and tested using fivefold cross validation. The method’s performance was evaluated by comparing the labeled ground truth with the model predictions on the validation dataset.

Results
The model achieved an accuracy of 0.80, positive predictive value of 0.61, negative predictive value of 0.9 and F1-score of 0.71. The sensitivity and specificity of the model was 0.86 and 0.78, respectively. The mean AUC over all folds was 0.87.

Conclusion
The innovative integration of multi-step segmentation, ray-casting and a FFNN demonstrated to be a viable approach for automating condylar seating assessment and have obtained encouraging results.

Clinical relevance
Automated condylar seating assessment using deep learning may improve orthognathic surgery, preventing errors and enhancing patient outcomes in maxillary-first bimaxillary osteotomies.
Feature-Based vs. Deep-Learning Fusion Methods for the In Vivo Detection of Radiation Dermatitis Using Optical Coherence Tomography, a Feasibility Study
Authors: Photiou Christos , Cloconi Constantina , Strouthos Iosif 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcute radiation dermatitis (ARD) is a common and distressing issue for cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, leading to significant morbidity. Despite available treatments, ARD remains a distressing issue, necessitating further research to improve prevention and management strategies. Moreover, the lack of biomarkers for early quantitative assessment of ARD impedes progress in this area. This study aims to investigate the detection of ARD using intensity-based and novel features of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images, combined with machine learning. Imaging sessions were conducted twice weekly on twenty-two patients at six neck locations throughout their radiation treatment, with ARD severity graded by an expert oncologist. We compared a traditional feature-based machine learning technique with a deep learning late-fusion approach to classify normal skin vs. ARD using a dataset of 1487 images. The dataset analysis demonstrates that the deep learning approach outperformed traditional machine learning, achieving an accuracy of 88%. These findings offer a promising foundation for future research aimed at developing a quantitative assessment tool to enhance the management of ARD.
Interspecific differences in eggshell thickness and the elemental composition of pigment spot and plain shell regions in altricial and precocial birds
Authors: Orłowski Grzegorz , Pokorny Przemysław , Bzoma Szymon , Dyrcz Andrzej , Golawski Artur , Rosenberger Joanna , Kołodziejczyk Paweł , Merta Dorota , Sulwiński Marcin , Suska-Malawska Małgorzata 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Our study reveals for the first time in a quantitative manner the differences in eggshell thickness and elemental composition between pigment spots and adjacent plain eggshell regions in bird species from three developmental modes, i.e. altricial (Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus), semi-precocial (Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus, Mediterranean Gull Ichthyaetus melanocephalus, Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis and Black Tern Chlidonias niger) and precocial species (Western Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus and Black Grouse Lyrurus tetrix). From a broader biological/biogeochemical perspective, our data broaden the knowledge in the heterogeneity of elemental composition between adjacent spotted-plain regions of eggshells, previously demonstrated in galliform birds, which differ in colour for many chemical elements. These differences, however, were distinctive of individual species and varied between chemical elements. There emerged a clear and consistent trend of higher elemental concentrations within pigment spots compared to plain eggshell regions, particularly in the case of five elements: C, Pb, Cu, Cr and Al. The most important and novel finding of our study is that even though the eggshells of gulls and terns (semi-precocial species) and of the passerine (altricial species) were thinner in the spotted regions (there was thus less shell material) compared with those of precocials (the eggshells being thicker eggshells at the spots), the spotted regions of all these eggs contained disproportionally higher concentrations of most major and minor chemical elements. Hence, this appears to be a general rule across all birds, regardless of the eggshell thickness in the spotted or plain regions and/or their developmental mode. In other words, this finding confirms that the thickness of the eggshell itself does not affect the concentrations of elements, and that the key issue related to this is the presence of one or more protoporphyrin layers along with the accompanying pool of chemical elements within the spotted eggshell region.
A holistic approach to software fault prediction with dynamic classification
Authors: Kaliraj S. , Sahasranth Velisetti Geetha Pavan , Sivakumar V. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSoftware Fault Prediction is a critical domain in machine learning aimed at pre-emptively identifying and mitigating software faults. This study addresses challenges related to imbalanced datasets and feature selection, significantly enhancing the effectiveness of fault prediction models. We mitigate class imbalance in the Unified Dataset using the Random-Over Sampling technique, resulting in superior accuracy for minority-class predictions. Additionally, we employ the innovative Ant-Colony Optimization algorithm (ACO) for feature selection, extracting pertinent features to amplify model performance. Recognizing the limitations of individual machine learning models, we introduce the Dynamic Classifier, a ground-breaking ensemble that combines predictions from multiple algorithms, elevating fault prediction precision. Model parameters are fine-tuned using the Grid-Search Method, achieving an accuracy of 94.129% and superior overall performance compared to random forest, decision tree and other standard machine learning algorithms. The core contribution of this study lies in the comparative analysis, pitting our Dynamic Classifier against Standard Algorithms using diverse performance metrics. The results unequivocally establish the Dynamic Classifier as a frontrunner, highlighting its prowess in fault prediction. In conclusion, this research introduces a comprehensive and innovative approach to software fault prediction. It pioneers the resolution of class imbalance, employs cutting-edge feature selection, and introduces dynamic ensemble classifiers. The proposed methodology, showcasing a significant advancement in performance over existing methods, illuminates the path toward developing more accurate and efficient fault prediction models.
Dynamic occupancy in a peripheral population of Myotis septentrionalis during disease outbreak
Authors: Grider John F. , Castleberry Steven B. , Hepinstall‐Cymerman Jeffrey 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Context
Once common, the northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) has experienced declines > 90% due to white-nose syndrome (WNS). This severe mortality has resulted in their listing under the Endangered Species Act and made them a conservation priority. However, their broad distribution, variability in habitat use, and population instability make developing range-wide conservation strategies difficult. To understand how conservation of M. septentrionalis may vary across its range, we examined shifts in M. septentrionalis site occupancy on the edge of their historic range following severe WNS mortality.

Objectives
Our goal was to determine how mortality from white-nose syndrome affects site occupancy of M. septentrionalis at the southern edge of their historic range. Understanding which areas will remain occupied during disease related mortality will help inform management during disease outbreaks.

Methods
We used 11 years (2007–2017) of mist-netting records to construct dynamic occupancy models of M. septentrionalis in northern Georgia, USA. Occupancy was updated annually, with the initial period defined as all years prior to the winter of 2012–2013, which corresponds to when white-nose syndrome entered the study area. We assessed occupancy using landscape metrics at the home range (65 ha) and landscape (491 ha) scales, year since WNS occurrence in the study area, distance to karst, and distance to nearest WNS positive county. We estimated probability of detection using Julian date and sampling effort.

Results
Initial site occupancy was positively associated with percent deciduous forest cover at the home range scale. As M. septentrionalis populations declined from WNS, a site becoming unoccupied was negatively correlated with mean contiguity of forest at the home range scale and largest patch of forest and mean elevation at the landscape scale. Site occupancy declined precipitously in the years following WNS, dropping from 70.75% (41.76–96.98% [95% CI]) occupancy pre-WNS to 0.3% (0.3–20.5% [95% CI]) by the final year of the study.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that sites occupied by M. septentrionalis closer to the historic range edge were more vulnerable to becoming unoccupied after disease arrival. We recommend managers on the periphery of the historic range focus conservation efforts on high elevation forested areas nearer to the range core.
Fragmentation of Projects and the Symbolism of Development Aid in Northern Ghana
Authors: Bob-Milliar Gloria Kafui , Alagidede Imhotep Paul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe symbolism of donor aid has brought humanitarian relief to communities in despair in Northern Ghana, as NGO projects continue to target beneficiaries. Challenges with project implementation processes have, however, reduced their effectiveness and impact. Deploying an ‘adaptive grounded theory’, coupled with questionnaires and interviews, this paper relied heavily on the iterative process of systematic literature review. It investigated the problem of project fragmentation and the imagery of development aids within the five northern regions of Ghana. Focusing on donor projects within the beneficiary communities, the study found joint causation for donor weakness in relation to the imagery of development efforts and beneficiary stress as consequences of the thwarted attempts at poverty intervention. The prognosis is the phenomenon of poverty dance of beneficiaries. Consequently, we conclude that for the effectiveness of substantial aid investments, there is the need to move policy dialogue of development interventions from ‘community needs assessments’ to targeted-infrastructure needs assessment.
Active longevity and aging: dissecting the impacts of physical and sedentary behaviors on longevity and age acceleration
Authors: Lu Ting Yu , Wang Jiao , Jiang Chao Qiang , Jin Ya Li , Cheng Kar Keung , Lam Tai Hing , Zhang Wei Sen , Xu Lin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
To examine the associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with longevity and age acceleration (AA) using observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, and quantify the mediating effects of lipids.

Methods
In Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS), PA and SB were assessed by the Chinese Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Longevity was defined as participants whose age at follow-up or at death was at or above the 90th age percentile. AA was defined as the residual resulting from a linear model that regressed phenotypic age against chronological age. Linear regression and Poisson regression with robust error variance were used to assess the associations of total and specific PA in different intensities, and SB with AA and longevity, yielding βs or relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Two-sample MR was conducted to examine the causal effects. Mediation analysis was used to assess the mediating effects of lipids.

Results
Of 20,924 participants aged 50 + years in GBCS, during an average follow-up of 15.0 years, compared with low PA, moderate and high PA were associated with higher likelihood of longevity (RR (95% CI): 1.56 (1.16, 2.11), 1.66 (1.24, 2.21), respectively), and also cross-sectionally associated with lower AA (β (95% CI): -1.43 (-2.41, -0.45), -2.09 (-3.06, -1.11) years, respectively). Higher levels of moderate PA (MPA) were associated with higher likelihood of longevity and lower AA, whereas vigorous PA (VPA) showed opposite effects. The association of PA with longevity observed in GBCS was mediated by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 8.23% (95% CI: 3.58–39.61%), while the association with AA was mediated through LDL-C, triglycerides and total cholesterol by 5.13% (3.94–7.30%), 7.81% (5.98–11.17%), and 3.37% (2.59–4.80%), respectively. Additionally, in two-sample MR, SB was positively associated with AA (β (95% CI): 1.02 (0.67, 1.36) years).

Conclusions
PA showed protective effects on longevity and AA, with the effects being partly mediated through lipids. Conversely, SB had a detrimental impact on AA. MPA was associated with higher likelihood of longevity and reduced AA, whereas VPA showed adverse effects. Our findings reinforce the recommendation of “sit less and move more” to promote healthy longevity, and highlight the potential risks associated with VPA in the elderly.
A Coupled Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Thermal Stress-Strain Model to Explore the Impact of Gas Cooling on Ingot Solidification Shrinkage in Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) Process
Authors: Bohacek J. , Karimi-Sibaki E. , Vakhrushev A. , Mraz K. , Hvozda J. , Wu M. , Kharicha A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn advanced 2D axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamics model, including calculations for electromagnetic, thermal, and flow fields, fully coupled with a thermal stress-strain model, allowing the computation of solid mechanical parameters like stress, strain, and deformation within the ingot of the vacuum arc remelting process is presented. This process encounters challenges due to solidification shrinkage, which causes losing contact between the ingot and the mold, reducing the cooling efficiency of the system, resulting in a deeper melt pool and decreasing ingot quality. Herein, the width of the air gap along the ingot, the precise position of contact between the ingot and mold, and the profile of the melt pool, affected by gas cooling, are calculated. The global pattern of transport phenomena, such as (electro-vortex) flow and electromagnetic fields in the bulk of the ingot, is insensitive to helium gas cooling through the shrinkage gap. However, including gas cooling significantly improves heat removal through the mold, which consequently reduces the pool depth of the Alloy 718 ingot, leading to an improvement in the quality of the ingot.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Rhombencephalosynapsis: A Clinical Report
Authors: Schutter Dennis J.L.G. , Doherty Dan , Phillips James O. , Weiss Avery H. , Maas Roderick P.P.W.M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRhombencephalosynapsis (RES) is a hindbrain malformation characterized by a missing cerebellar vermis with apposition or fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres. The present clinical case report provides a comprehensive, longitudinal overview of cognitive and affective manifestations in a 22-year-old patient with RES. The patient shows clinical signs of emotional reactivity and dysregulation, impulsivity, and impairments in executive functioning since early childhood. These features fit the constellation of neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in patients with congenital and acquired abnormalities of the posterior vermis. It is proposed that patients with RES may show affective and cognitive difficulties which increase their vulnerability to psychological stress and risk of developing mental health issues.
Dispersive optical solitons with parabolic law of self-phase modulation and multiplicative white noise
Authors: Elsherbeny Ahmed M. , Ahmed Manar S. , Arnous Ahmed H. , Biswas Anjan , González-Gaxiola O. , Yildirim Yakup , Alshomrani Ali Saleh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe current paper addresses dispersive optical solitons in presence of white noise with third and fourth-order dispersions in addition to the pre-existing chromatic dispersion. The self-phase modulation effect comes from parabolic law. Two integration approaches retrieved the soliton solutions. They are the enhanced Kuddryashov’s approach and enhanced direct algebraic method.
Responding to children’s voices: the new frontier in education policy reform
Authors: Ruscoe Amelia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMore than thirty years on from the United Nations Convention of the Child honouring a child’s right to be heard (Article 12) has unlocked a new frontier in ethical research. In education, children have demonstrated competence to contribute with insight to recent policy development in Australia. This paper provides further evidence of the critical role children stand to play in education reform. A post-structural perspective is adopted and underpinned with Foucauldian theory of discursive power in the context of school-based affordances. Visual and dialogic qualitative methods are used to compare the impact of powerful discourses upon children’s affordances in the first year of compulsory school. Three overarching theses drawn from children’s perspectives are summarised; disparity between adult and child expectations of school, adult influence upon children’s perceptions of school, and children’s power to sustain or disrupt a discourse through dis/engagement. The findings illustrate an urgent need for systematic consult with children on issues relevant to them and calls for a public platform for amplifying their unique views to policy makers for response.
Current Concepts in Intraoperative Ventilation during Anesthesia for Laparoscopic and Robot–Assisted Surgery – a Narrative Review
Authors: Jimenez-Santana Jose Daniel , Díaz-Cambronero Oscar , Schultz Marcus J. , Mazzinari Guido 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Laparoscopic and robot–assisted procedures have become preferred over open abdominal surgery due to their numerous benefits, such as reduced postoperative pain, lower infection risk, and quicker recovery. However, these techniques pose unique challenges for intraoperative ventilation due to the need for CO2 insufflation to create a pneumoperitoneum and specific patient positioning, both of which adversely affect respiratory mechanics. This narrative review aims to summarize these challenges and describes current strategies to overcome them.

Recent Findings
Implementing lung–protective ventilation with low tidal volumes and personalized PEEP, along with measures to reduce mechanical power of ventilation, have been shown to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs).

Summary
Effective and safe intraoperative ventilation during laparoscopic and robot–assisted surgery requires a nuanced understanding of respiratory mechanics and tailored ventilation strategies. Lung-protective ventilation is crucial for minimizing lung injury and optimizing patient outcomes.
Exploring Correlates of Resource Insecurity Among Older Black or African Americans with HIV in Ohio
Authors: Ramirez Yanil V. , Saltos Gisella M. Drouet , Crawford Timothy N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Resource insecurity is a social determinant of health that can impact people with HIV (PWH), in particular older African Americans (AA) or blacks with HIV. The purpose of this study was to identify resource insecurities among older Blacks or AA PWH specifically related to food and housing. Secondary focus was to find associations between resource insecurity and substance use history, stigma, and various forms of discrimination.

Methods
Eligible participants (N = 52) of this cross-sectional study were 50 years old or older, identified as Black or AA, diagnosed with HIV, and living in Ohio. Food insecurity was assessed using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and housing insecurity was defined as not having stable housing. Resource insecurity was categorized into food and housing secure, food or housing insecure, and food and housing insecure.

Results
Almost half (48.1%) of participants reported housing insecurity, with approximately 58.0% experiencing food insecurity, and 38.5% facing both. Current substance use, particularly opiates, showed significant association with resource insecurity (OR = 5.54; 95% CI = 1.91–17.30). Moreover, experiences of everyday (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.10–1.30) or major forms (OR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.33–2.39) of discrimination, as well as HIV stigma (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.01–1.55), were also linked to increased odds of resource insecurity among participants.

Conclusions
Findings highlight how social factors contribute to resource insecurity among older AA PWH. Understanding the factors offers insight for targeted intervention in the fight against HIV transmission.
Neoplasia follicolare della tiroide non invasiva con caratteristiche nucleari di tipo papillare (NIFTP): un’entità clinica di tutto rispetto
Authors: Gambale Carla , Minaldi Elisa , Elisei Rossella 
Published: September 2024

SommarioLa definizione di neoplasia follicolare della tiroide non invasiva con caratteristiche nucleari di tipo papillare (NIFTP), oltre al cambio di denominazione, ha implicato la declassificazione di tali lesioni da maligne a benigne. NIFTP appare ecograficamente simile alle lesioni benigne o a basso rischio di malignità e presenta spesso citologia indeterminata. Per definizione, il NIFTP non può essere BRAFV600E mutato, per cui la ricerca delle mutazioni di BRAF è necessaria per escluderne la diagnosi. Il rigoroso rispetto dei criteri diagnostici (assenza di infiltrazione della capsula tumorale, assenza di mutazioni di BRAF, assenza di strutture papillari) è fondamentale per evitare errori diagnostici e il riscontro inatteso di metastasi. Una volta certi che si tratta di un NIFTP, la gestione postoperatoria deve essere analoga a quelle delle lesioni benigne.