bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and apparent survival ofPIT‐tagged stream fish in winter
Authors: Weber Christine , Scheuber Hannes , Nilsson Christer , Alfredsen Knut T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEnvironmental fluctuations exert strong control on behavior, survival, and fitness of stream biota. Technical improvements increasingly allow for tracking the response of large numbers of individuals to environmental fluctuations, for instance, by remote detection of animals equipped withPIT(passive integrated transponder) tags.PITtags were implanted into 393 juvenile and adult brown troutSalmo truttaL. and European sculpinCottus gobioL. in a boreal stream subjected to considerable ice formation. With weekly trackings over 6 months, we quantified apparent survival and detection probability in relation to biological, environmental, and methodological factors. Individuals with a higher physical condition in autumn showed a higher apparent survival; this pattern was consistent across all species and age classes. Detection probability decreased with increasing thickness of the surface ice layer; this effect was most pronounced for juvenile trout and benthic‐living sculpin, both tagged with smaller‐sized tags. Detection probability was reduced in structurally complex habitats. Our study demonstrates that apparent survival and particularly detection probability may show pronounced spatiotemporal variation. In order to compare results from different sampling occasions and sites, a good knowledge of the study site and of the regulating factors is crucial.
Adaptation to resistant hosts increases fitness on susceptible hosts in the plant parasitic nematode Globodera pallida
Authors: Fournet Sylvain , Eoche‐Bosy Delphine , Renault Lionel , Hamelin Frédéric M. , Montarry Josselin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTrade‐offs between virulence (defined as the ability to infect a resistant host) and life‐history traits are of particular interest in plant pathogens for durable management of plant resistances. Adaptation to plant resistances (i.e., virulence acquisition) is indeed expected to be associated with a fitness cost on susceptible hosts. Here, we investigated whether life‐history traits involved in the fitness of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida are affected in a virulent lineage compared to an avirulent one. Both lineages were obtained from the same natural population through experimental evolution on resistant and susceptible hosts, respectively. Unexpectedly, we found that virulent lineages were more fit than avirulent lineages on susceptible hosts: they produced bigger cysts, containing more larvae and hatching faster. We thus discuss possible reasons explaining why virulence did not spread into natural G. pallida populations.
Revision of echinoids from the Tournaisian (Mississippian) of Belgium and the importance of disarticulated material in assessing palaeodiversity
Authors: Thompson Jeffrey R. , Denayer Julien 
Published: March 2016

AbstractArticulated echinoids are rare in Palaeozoic strata. In order to gain a better understanding of palaeodiversity and community composition, it is more than useful to incorporate disarticulated specimens into estimates of such metrics. It has been demonstrated that disarticulated ossicles of echinoids from the post‐Palaeozoic can be diagnostic at the species level and can be used to bolster analyses of diversity. Although usually not identifiable to the species level, many families, and some genera, of Palaeozoic echinoids have diagnostic properties that can be recognized from disarticulated plates. Herein, it is demonstrated that such diagnostic properties exist for plates of the Palaechinidae, Archaeocidaridae and Proterocidaridae, and that the utility of using disarticulated echinoid ossicles to aid in palaeodiversity studies extends back into the Palaeozoic. Portions of the echinoid fauna from Tournai, Belgium, are revised and disarticulated plates of echinoids from two upper Tournaisian localities in Belgium, Pair and Petit‐Modave, are examined and described. The fauna of Pair yielded an indeterminate palaechinid and Hyattechinus sp., while the fauna from Petit‐Modave yielded only indeterminate palaechinid plates. Although no articulated specimens are known from these localities, when disarticulated plates are taken into account, a more accurate estimate of palaeodiversity becomes clear. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Hemogram of Radiation Workers in Tangshan, China
Authors: Qian Qing‐Zeng , Cao Xiang‐Ke , Liu Hai‐Yan , Shen Fu‐Hai , Wang Qian , Tong Jun‐Wang , Qian Qing‐Qiang 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate changes in peripheral blood cells of radiation workers and explore the impact of long‐term ionizing radiation (IR) on human peripheral hemogram.MethodsWith a cohort method, we selected 1,392 radiation workers (case group) and 1,430 non‐health‐ray‐exposure history persons (control group) to detect and analyze their peripheral hemogram. FAITH3000 automatic biochemical analyzer was used for blood testing. Examination of peripheral hemogram includes the examination of white blood cells (WBCs), platelet (PLTs), red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), lymphocytes (LYMs), and mononuclear cells (MOs). The data analysis was conducted with software SPSS19.0.ResultsAll the peripheral hemogram indicators (WBCs, RBCs, Hb, PLTs, LYMs, and MOs) in the case group, in accordance with the order of radiology diagnostic medical group, industrial inspection group, petroleum logging group, and radiotherapy medical group, showed a significant decreasing trend and were lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). Besides, with the increase of radiation seniority and accumulative radiation dose, all the peripheral hemogram indicators (WBCs, RBCs, Hb, PLTs, LYMs, and MOs) in the case group dramatically decreased and were lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). Seniority was in negative association with the expressions of WBCs, PLTs, RBCs, Hb, LYMs, and MOs and radiation dose with Hb, LYMs, and MOs (all P < 0.05).ConclusionLong‐term IR has some effects on the health of radiation workers, thus protective measures should be further strengthened.
Anti‐Mitotic Spindle Apparatus Antoantibodies: Prevalence and Disease Association in Chinese Population
Authors: Xi Qian , Wu Yongkang , Li Lixin , Cai Bei , Zhang Junlong , Yang Bin , Wang Lanlan 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundMitotic spindle apparatus (MSA) antibodies are rare findings with undefined clinical significance in clinical research. We aimed at investigating the prevalence and clinical significance of anti‐MSA antibodies in Chinese population.MethodsBetween 2008 and 2013, a total of 180,180 patients were studied for the presence of anti‐MSA antibodies. The clinical details and laboratory data of anti‐MSA‐positive patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed.ResultsOf the 180,180 patients tested, 68,640 patients presented with positive antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, 38.10%), but only 32 patients with positive anti‐MSA antibodies (0.018%). Diagnoses were established in 22 of 32 patients: 16 connective tissue diseases (CTDs), mainly Sjogren syndrome (SS, 5/16), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, 4/16), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, 3/16), and 6 nonautoimmune conditions. The most frequent clinical symptoms of the anti‐MSA‐positive patients were arthralgia and eyes and mouth drying. Additionally, 70% of anti‐MSA antibodies were not associated with other ANAs, however, when associated, the most frequent ANA was anti‐SSA.ConclusionsAnti‐MSA antibodies have a low prevalence and female gender predominance. Anti‐MSA antibodies are primarily associated with CTDs, mainly SS, RA, and SLE. The presence of anti‐MSA antibodies might be the unique serological markers of the CTDs, especially when anti‐SSA, SSB, and dsDNA antibodies are negative, or the level of RF is low.
Concurrent sorafenib therapy extends the interval to subsequent TACE for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yao Xuesong , Yan Dong , Zeng Huiying , Liu Dengzhong , Li Huai 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectivesTo compare the impact of concurrent TACE + sorafenib versus TACE alone on overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). A secondary goal was to determine if sorafenib use increases the interval between courses of TACE.MethodsThis study enrolled 150 patients with uHCC from June 2011 to June 2014, including 50 treated with TACE + sorafenib and 100 treated with TACE alone. Factors associated with OS and TTP were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox‐regression model analyses. Average TACE interval was defined as TTP/TACE frequency.ResultsThe median OS (21.7 vs. 11.5 months) and TTP (10.2 vs. 6.7 months) were longer in the TACE + sorafenib group compared to the TACE group. Patients receiving combination therapy had higher survival rate (P < 0.032) and longer average interval to TACE (P < 0.001), but lower progression rate (P < 0.001). TACE + sorafenib therapy was associated with improved OS (P ≤ 0.009) and TTP (P ≤ 0.021). The majority of AEs identified in patients receiving the combination therapy were classified as Grades 1 and 2, and skin‐related reactions and fatigue were the most common.ConclusionConcurrent sorafenib with TACE provides survival benefits over TACE monotherapy, which may be related to a prolonged interval between subsequent TACE courses. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:672–677. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kilohertz Pulsed‐Laser‐Polymerization: Simultaneous Determination of Backbiting, Secondary, and Tertiary Radical Propagation Rate Coefficients for tert‐Butyl Acrylate
Authors: Wenn Benjamin , Junkers Tanja 
Published: March 2016

For the first time, a 1000 Hz pulse laser has been applied to determine detailed kinetic rate coefficients from pulsed laser polymerization–size exclusion chromatography experiments. For the monomer tert‐butyl acrylate, apparent propagation rate coefficients kpapp have been determined in the temperature range of 0–80 °C. kpapp in the range of few hundreds to close to 50 000 L·mol–1·s–1 are determined for low and high pulse frequencies, respectively. The apparent propagation coefficients show a distinct pulse‐frequency dependency, which follows an S‐shape curve. From these curves, rate coefficients for secondary radial propagation (kpSPR), backbiting (kbb), midchain radical propagation (kptert), and the (residual) effective propagation rate (kpeff) can be deduced via a herein proposed simple Predici fitting procedure. For kpSPR, the activation energy is determined to be (17.9 ± 0.6) kJ·mol–1 in excellent agreement with literature data. For kbb, an activation energy of (25.9 ± 2.2) kJ·mol–1 is deduced.
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Formalizing and testing the consistency of DSL transformations
Authors: Keshishzadeh Sarmen , Mooij Arjan J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A domain specific language (DSL) focuses on the essential concepts in a specific problem domain, and abstracts from low-level implementation details. The development of DSLs usually centers around the meta-model, grammar and code generator, possibly extended with transformations to analysis models. Typically, little attention is given to the formal semantics of the language, whereas this is essential for reasoning about DSL models, and for assessing the correctness of the generated code and analysis models. We argue that the semantics of a DSL should be defined explicitly and independently of any code generator, to avoid all kinds of complexities from low-level implementation details. As the generated analysis models must reflect some of these implementation details, we propose to formalize them separately. To assess the correctness and consistency of the generated code and analysis models in a practical way, we use conformance testing. We extensively illustrate this general approach using specific formalizations for an industrial DSL on collision prevention. We do not aim for a generic semantic model for any DSL, but this specific DSL indicates the potential of a modular semantics to facilitate reuse among DSLs.
The Efficacy of Bisphosphonates with Core Decompression and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Compared with Bisphosphonates Alone in the Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Hip: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Gianakos Arianna L. , Moya-Angeler Joaquin , Duggal Shivi , Zambrana Lester , Fields Kara G. , Mintz Douglas N. , Cornell Charles N. , Lane Joseph M. 
Published: March 2016

Introduction Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a devastating disease with complete collapse of the femoral head often reported in greater than 70% of patients within 3 to 4 years of diagnosis. Early intervention prior to collapse may improve the chance of success of joint preserving procedures. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether core decompression with mesenchymal stem cells combined with bisphosphonate therapy can improve the clinical outcomes and reduce the risk of hip replacement when compared to treatment with bisphosphonate therapy alone. Methods Between 2006 and 2014, 84 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with ONFH were identified from our institution's registry. Of these 84 patients, 49 patients (62 hips), fit inclusion/exclusion criteria. Twenty-nine patients (40 hips) were treated with bisphosphonate therapy only. Twenty patients (20 hips) were treated with bisphosphonates, core decompression, and mesenchymal stem cells. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS), the visual analog score (VAS), and evaluation of support system. Clinical failure was defined as deterioration of the MHHS/VAS scores and support system used severe enough to require THR. Radiologic outcome measures included the XR and MR imaging staging of the hip. Survival analysis was performed with total hip replacement as the end point failure. Collapse was defined as progression from Ficat stage I or II to stage III and from Steinberg I, II, III to IV, V, VI. Results Failure requiring THR occurred in 21/40 (52.5%) of bisphosphonates (BP)-treated hips at a mean follow-up of 25.3 ± 11.5 months and 5/22 (22.73%) of BP + CD + MSC-treated hips at a mean follow-up of 22.7 ± 19.5 months. The median (Q1, Q3) time to collapse was 24.9 (7.4, 33.0) months in BP-treated hips and 27.3 (27.3) months in BP + CD + MSC-treated hips. There was no evidence of a difference in functional outcomes between the two treatment groups. After adjusting for baseline Ficat stage, age, and sex, an unreplaced hip treated with BP + CD + MSC had 0.42 (95% CI 0.11, 1.57) times the risk of being replaced in the next moment compared to an unreplaced hip treated with bisphosphonates only ( P = 0.196). Conclusion Our results demonstrate that treatment with BP alone or BP + CD + MSC can postpone the need for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the first 24 months in patients with ONFH compared to previously reported data, but there is no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups. Combination therapy of BP + CD + MSC may be more effective in delaying the progression of collapse in early stage ONFH. Future prospective studies are warranted to determine the efficacy of these treatment strategies in the long term.
The Effectiveness of Hot Isostatic Pressing for Closing Porosity in Titanium Parts Manufactured by Selective Electron Beam Melting
Authors: Tammas-Williams Samuel , Withers Philip J. , Todd Iain , Prangnell Philip B. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Ti-6Al-4V parts, produced by selective electron beam melting additive manufacturing, have been studied by X-ray computed tomography (XCT) to track pore closure during a standard hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) cycle. Comparison of repeated XCT scans before and after HIPing, on worst-case samples with different geometries, confirmed that all internal porosity was shrunk to below the resolution limit of the equipment used (~5 µm) following the HIPing cycle, apart from defects with surface connected ligaments.
A Fossil Coconut Fruit from the Early Eocene of Gujarat
Authors: Singh Hukam , Shukla Anumeha , Mehrotra R. C. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
A fossil fruit resembling extant Cocos nucifera of the family Arecaceae is reported for the first time from the early Eocene sediments of Gujarat. The fossil was collected from the Tarkeshwar lignite mine of the Surat District which belongs to the Cambay Shale Formation. Its occurrence indicates coastal conditions in the region during the depositional period in contrast to arid to semi-arid climate prevailing there at present. The present fossil, along with the previously published palyno-assemblages from the mine supports the equatorial position of the Indian subcontinent at the time of deposition i.e. during the early Eocene.
Rock Slope Stability Analysis along NH-44 in Sonapur Area, Jaintia Hills District, Meghalaya
Authors: Sarkar Kripamoy , Buragohain Bhritashree , Singh T. N. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
Occurrences of landslide are most common and critical issue in North-East India. The various types of slope failures have been affected most part of slopes and road section between Malidor to Sonapur area (approx 30 Km) along NH-44 within Jaintia hills district, Meghalaya, India. These slope failures causes considerable loss of life and property along with many inconveniences such as disruption of traffic along highways. The unscientific excavations of rock slopes for road widening or construction purposes may weaken the stability of the slopes. The rocks exposed in the area are highly jointed sandstone and shale of Barail Group of Oligocene age. The Sonapur landslide is most dangerous and destructive rock fall-cum debris flow. The present study includes the kinematic analysis of the slope to assess the potential failure directions as the rocks are highly jointed in some parts of road cut sections. The continuous slope mass rating (CSMR) technique has been applied for slope stability analysis at five vulnerable locations. Kinematic analysis indicates mainly wedge type of failure along with few toppling and planar failures. These failure required immediate treatment to prevent the slide and long term stability of the slope.
Diagenetic Alterations of the Upper Jurassic Scleractinian Corals, Hanifa Formation, Jabal Al-Abakkayn, Central Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Dabbagh Mohammad E. , El-Sorogy Abdelbaset S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
During diagenetic stages, the aragonitic skeletons and the inter/intra-corallite cement of the upper Jurassic corals of Hanifa Formation either dissolved or subjected to diagenetic alterations including cementation, micritization, recrystallization, silicification, dolomitization and dedolomitization. The proposed sequence of diagenetic stages is as follows: early marine diagenesis, early meteoric and mixing zone diagenesis, late meteoric diagenesis, and shallow burial diagenesis. Each stage is characterized by certain diagenetic processes. The source of sulfate solutions for dedolomitization in the studied corals is the dissolved anhydrite deposits of the Arab–Hith Formations, sometime before their erosion. A possible source of silica, needed for the formation of chert and chalcedony, is the sponge spicules dispersed in many carbonates of the Hanifa Formation.
Joining, Leaving, and Staying in the American Indian/Alaska Native Race Category Between 2000 and 2010
Authors: Liebler Carolyn A. , Bhaskar Renuka , Porter (née Rastogi) Sonya R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractConceptualizing and operationalizing American Indian populations is challenging. Each census for decades has seen the American Indian population increase substantially more than expected, with indirect and qualitative evidence that this is due to changes in individuals’ race responses. We apply uniquely suited (but not nationally representative) linked data from the 2000 and 2010 decennial censuses (N = 3.1 million) and the 2006–2010 American Community Survey (N = 188,131) to address three research questions. First, to what extent do American Indian people have different race responses across data sources? We find considerable race response change, especially among multiple-race and/or Hispanic American Indians. Second, how are people who change responses different from or similar to those who do not? We find three sets of American Indians: those who (1) had the same race and Hispanic responses in 2000 and 2010, (2) moved between single-race and multiple-race American Indian responses, and (3) added or dropped the American Indian response, thus joining or leaving the enumerated American Indian population. People in groups (1) and (2) were relatively likely to report a tribe, live in an American Indian area, report American Indian ancestry, and live in the West. Third, how are people who join a group different from or similar to those who leave it? Multivariate models show general similarity between joiners and leavers in group (1) and in group (2). Population turnover is hidden in cross-sectional comparisons; people joining each subpopulation of American Indians are similar in number and characteristics to those who leave it.
Tablet versus paper marking in assessment: feedback matters
Authors: Denison Alan , Bate Emily , Thompson Jessica 
Published: March 2016

Background The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a cornerstone in healthcare assessment. As a potential tool for providing learner-centred feedback on a large scale, the use of tablet devices has been proposed for the recording of OSCE marks, moving away from the traditional, paper-based checklist.
Methods Examiner-recorded comments were collated from successive first year formative and summative OSCE examinations, with paper-based checklists used in 2012 and iPad-based checklists used in 2013. A total of 558 and 498 examiner-candidate interactions took place in the January OSCE examinations, and 1402 and 1344 for the May OSCE examination for 2012 and 2013 respectively. Examiner comments were analyzed for quantity and quality. A tool was developed and validated to assess the quality of the comments left by examiners for use as feedback (Kappa = 0.625).
Results A direct comparison of paper-based checklists and iPad-recorded examinations showed an increase in the quantity of comments left from 41 to 51 % (+ 10 %). Furthermore, there was an increase in the number of comments left for students deemed ‘borderline’: + 22 %. In terms of the quality of the comments for feedback, there was a significant improvement (p < 0.001) between comments left in written-recorded and iPad-recorded examinations.
Conclusions iPad-marked examinations resulted in a greater quantity and quality of examiner comment for use as feedback, particularly for students performing less well, enabling tutors to direct further learning for these students.