bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Personalized Learning Curves for Emergency Ultrasound With Risk‐adjusted Learning‐curve Cumulative Summation Method
Authors: Peyrony Olivier , Legay Léa , Morra Ivonne , Verrat Anne , Milacic Hélène , Franchitti Jessica , Amami Jihed , Gillet Ariane , Azarnoush Kouchiar , Elezi Arben , Bragança Adélia , Taboulet Pierre , Bourrier Pierre , Fontaine Jean‐Paul , Resche‐Rigon Matthieu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound (US) has been a regular practice in emergency departments for several decades. Thus, train our students to US is of prime interest. Because US image acquisition ability can be very different from a patient to another (depending on image quality), it seems relevant to adapt US learning curves (LCs) to patient image quality using tools based on cumulative summation (CUSUM) as the risk‐adjusted LC CUSUM (RLC).ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to monitor LC of medical students for the acquisition of abdominal emergency US views and to adapt these curves to patient image quality using RLC.MethodsWe asked medical students to perform abdominal US examinations with the acquisition of 11 views of interest on emergency patients after a learning session. Emergency physicians reviewed the student examinations for validation. LCs were plotted and the student was said proficient for a specific view if his LC reached a predetermined limit fixed by simulation.ResultsSeven students with no previous experience in US were enrolled. They performed 19 to 50 examinations of 11 views each. They achieve proficiency for a median of 9 (6–10) views. Aorta and right pleura views were validated by seven students; inferior vena cava, right kidney, and bladder by six; gallbladder and left kidney by five; portal veins and portal hilum by four; and subxyphoid and left pleura by three. The number of US examinations required to reach proficiency ranged from five to 41 depending on the student and on the type of view. LC showed that students reached proficiency with different learning speeds.ConclusionsThis study suggests that, when monitoring LCs for abdominal emergency US, there is some heterogeneity in the learning process depending on the student skills and the type of view. Therefore, rules based on a predetermined number of examinations to reach proficiency are not satisfactory.
A Convenient Method for the Direct Acquisition of Kinetic Rate Data for Catalytic Organic Reactions by Gas Uptake Measurements
Authors: Wang Yu‐Jie , Li Wei‐Tang , Jiao Lei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractKinetics studies play an indispensable role in determining the mechanism of many catalytic organic reactions. In this context, real‐time rate data, rather than concentration data, have proved particularly valuable for mechanistic analysis. However, methods that can directly yield rate data of sufficiently high quality are still limited. In this paper, a convenient method for the direct measurement of rate profiles of homogeneous catalytic organic reactions that involve a gaseous reactant is described. By integrating a high‐precision pressure controller and an accurate mass flow meter, real‐time rate profiles of catalytic reactions on a research laboratory scale at isobaric conditions could be acquired. The method is precise, easy to implement for most organic chemists, and can produce kinetic data of comparable or even superior quality to established kinetic methods, such as ReactIR. The potential of this method in kinetics studies was demonstrated by the study of the initial rate and reaction progress kinetic analysis of several aerobic oxidation reactions.
Temperature‐Controlled Base‐Promoted Cyclization for the Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]thiazin‐4‐ones and 2‐Thioxo‐4(3H)‐quinazolinones
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐Wen , Jia Feng‐Cheng , Xu Cheng , Jiang Shi‐Fen , Wu Yan‐Dong , Wu An‐Xin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA base‐promoted and highly selective temperature‐dependent tandem oxidation/decarboxylative cyclization of isothiocyanates and isatins has been developed. This method allows the chemodivergent synthesis of 4H‐benzo[d][1,3]thiazin‐4‐ones and 2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones in moderate to high yields.
Activation and Deactivation of Gold/Ceria–Zirconia in the Low‐Temperature Water–Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Carter James H. , Liu Xi , He Qian , Althahban Sultan , Nowicka Ewa , Freakley Simon J. , Niu Liwei , Morgan David J. , Li Yongwang , Niemantsverdriet J. W. (Hans) , Golunski Stanislaw , Kiely Christopher J. , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGold (Au) on ceria–zirconia is one of the most active catalysts for the low‐temperature water–gas shift reaction (LTS), a key stage of upgrading H2 reformate streams for fuel cells. However, this catalyst rapidly deactivates on‐stream and the deactivation mechanism remains unclear. Using stop–start scanning transmission electron microscopy to follow the exact same area of the sample at different stages of the LTS reaction, as well as complementary X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we observed the activation and deactivation of the catalyst at various stages. During the heating of the catalyst to reaction temperature, we observed the formation of small Au nanoparticles (NPs; 1–2 nm) from subnanometer Au species. These NPs were then seen to agglomerate further over 48 h on‐stream, and most rapidly in the first 5 h when the highest rate of deactivation was observed. These findings suggest that the primary deactivation process consists of the loss of active sites through the agglomeration and possible dewetting of Au NPs.
Ynamide Preactivation Allows a Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of α,β‐Disubstituted Enamides
Authors: Baldassari Lucas L. , de la Torre Aurélien , Li Jing , Lüdtke Diogo S. , Maulide Nuno 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA novel ynamide preactivation strategy enables the use of otherwise incompatible reagents and allows preparation of α,β‐disubstituted enamides with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity. Mechanistic analysis reveals the intermediacy of a triflate‐bound intermediate as a solution‐stable, effective keteniminium reservoir, whilst still allowing subsequent addition of organometallic reagents.
Ferrocene‐substituted bis(ethynyl)anthracene compounds as anticancer agents
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Kumari Pratibha , Raghuvanshi Abhinav , Mobin Shaikh M. , Mathur Pradeep 
Published: October 2017

Three compounds (1–3) were synthesized, where ethynylferrocene is substituted at different positions of anthracene and anthraquinone, and their biological properties were investigated. Compounds 1–3 were characterized using NMR and mass spectroscopies and confirmed by their single‐crystal X‐ray structure. They were also characterized from electronic and photophysical properties. All three crystal structures were optimized using density functional theory calculations. The presence of C–H⋅⋅⋅π interactions in 1–3 leads to the formation of two‐ and three‐dimensional networks. The bioactivity of 1–3 was expressed by molecular docking with various cancerous proteins, which participated in progression of cancer. Compound 2 displayed the best interaction with cancer‐related Aurora A protein in terms of both binding energy (−10.61 kcal mol−1) as well as inhibition constant (16.74 nM). The molecular docking result also coincides with cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines (A375, HeLa) and DNA/protein binding affinity.
Altered Electroencephalography Spectral Profiles in Rats with Different Patterns of Experimental Brain Dysplasia
Authors: Kielbinski Michal , Setkowicz Zuzanna , Gzielo Kinga , Węglarz Władysław , Janeczko Krzysztof 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDMalformations of cortical development, such as focal cortical dysplasia, are commonly associated with intractable epilepsy. Multiple animal models were created in attempts to recapitulate features of human malformations of cortical development. These manipulations give rise to various focal or diffuse anatomical abnormalities, accompanied by altered susceptibility to epileptic seizures. Both in humans and in models of dysplasia, the question of timing of the initiating insult is important.METHODSHere, we used a rat model of cerebral dysplasia elicited by prenatal irradiation at gestational days (E) 13, 15, 17, or 19. Previous results suggest these animals are characterized by different patterns of dysplasia as well as different reactivity to seizurogenic stimuli in several seizure models. Rats were implanted with telemetric electroencephalography (EEG) transmitters. We compared EEG data from freely moving animals with anatomical observations obtained with MRI, as well as Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.RESULTSWe performed spectral analyses of EEG signal, revealing differential regulation of specific bands (including delta, theta, alpha‐beta, gamma) in animals with different patterns of dysplasia. Relative contribution of low‐frequency activity in delta band is the lowest in E15 and the highest in E19. Conversely, higher frequency bands, corresponding to alpha/beta and gamma components, are reduced in E15 versus E19. This is accompanied by altered expression of glial markers in the E19 group.CONCLUSIONTo our knowledge, this constitutes the first quantitative description of power spectral properties in this experimental model, providing insight into mechanisms underlying the anatomical and electrophysiological abnormalities associated with brain dysplasia of different types. Birth Defects Research, 110:303–316, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced pyruvate production in Candida glabrata by carrier engineering
Authors: Luo Zhengshan , Liu Song , Du Guocheng , Xu Sha , Zhou Jingwen , Chen Jian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPyruvate is an important organic acid that plays a key role in the central metabolic pathway. Manipulating transporters is an efficient strategy to enhance production of target organic acids and a means to understand the effects of altered intracellular pyruvate content on global metabolic networks. Efforts have been made to manipulate mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) to transport pyruvate into different subcellular compartments in Candida glabrata to demonstrate the effects of the subcellular distribution of pyruvate on central carbon metabolism. By increasing the mitochondrial pyruvate content through enhancing the rate of pyruvate transport into mitochondria, a high central carbon metabolism rate, specific growth rate and specific pyruvate production rate were obtained. Comparing the intracellular pyruvate content of engineered and control strains showed that higher intracellular pyruvate levels were not conducive to improving pyruvate productivity or central carbon metabolism. Plasma membrane expression of MPCs significantly increased the expression levels of key rate‐limiting glycolytic enzymes. Moreover, pyruvate production of CGΔura3‐Sp‐MPC1, CGΔura3‐Sp‐MPC2, and CGΔura3‐Sp‐MPC1‐Sp‐MPC2 increased 134.4%, 120.3%, and 30.0%, respectively. In conclusion, lower intracellular pyruvate content enhanced central carbon metabolism and provided useful clues for improving the production of other organic acids in microorganisms.
Impact of marital status at diagnosis on survival and its change over time between 1973 and 2012 in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Xu Cheng , Liu Xu , Chen Yu‐Pei , Mao Yan‐Ping , Guo Rui , Zhou Guan‐Qun , Tang Ling‐Long , Lin Ai‐Hua , Sun Ying , Ma Jun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe impact of marital status at diagnosis on survival outcomes and its change over time in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are unclear. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify patients diagnosed with NPC in the United States from 1973 to 2012. A primary comparison (married vs. unmarried) was implemented with 1:1 propensity score matching. Secondary comparisons were performed individually between three unmarried subgroups (single, separated/divorced, widowed) and married group. The effect of marital status on cause‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using univariate/multivariate analysis. Moreover, we investigated the change over time (1973–2012) in the effect of marital status on NPC survival. Married patients had better 5‐year CSS/OS than unmarried patients (61.1% vs. 52.6%, P < 0.001; 55.6% vs. 45.3%, P < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, unmarried patients had significantly poorer CSS/OS than married patients (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.35, P < 0.001; aHR = 1.40, P < 0.001, respectively). The survival benefit of being married was only detected in non‐Hispanic white and Chinese American patients. Single, separated/divorced, and widowed patients had significantly poorer CSS/OS than married patients (aHR = 1.37 and 1.37; 1.46 and 1.42; 1.43 and 1.48, respectively; all P < 0.001). The change over time in the effect of marital status on survival was more stable in male than female. The strength of the negative effect of separated/divorced and widowed status showed a downward and upward trend, respectively. Gender difference in the adverse effect of single status on NPC survival became smaller over time. Only non‐Hispanic white and Chinese American patients with NPC obtain survival benefits from married status. Single and widowed patients are regarded as high‐risk population
A Flexible Polyphosphate‐Driven Regeneration System for Coenzyme A Dependent Catalysis
Authors: Mordhorst Silja , Maurer Alice , Popadić Désirée , Brech Johanna , Andexer Jennifer N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCoenzyme A (CoA) is a common cofactor in biochemical reactions, and CoA‐dependent enzymes catalyze essential steps in anabolism and catabolism. This complex molecule also plays an important role in the synthesis of many high‐value products, such as synthetic antibiotics, vitamins, pheromones, and biopolymers. Nevertheless, the synthetic potential for biocatalytic processes cannot be fully exploited owing to the lack of an efficient regeneration system. Here, we report an acyl‐CoA regeneration system with integrated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration that is based on inexpensive polyphosphate as the single energy source. In the four‐enzyme cascade, two cofactors, acyl‐CoA and ATP, are each regenerated up to 2000 times. The applicability for different acyl donors and acceptors is shown by HPLC analysis. Owing to its flexibility toward virtually all relevant substrates, the system has the potential to make CoA‐dependent reactions more accessible for chemical synthesis in vitro.
Spectroelectrochemical Investigation of the Charge Carrier Kinetics of Gold‐Decorated Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanorods
Authors: Miethe Jan F. , Lübkemann Franziska , Poppe Jan , Steinbach Frank , Dorfs Dirk , Bigall Nadja C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe interfacial transfer of charge carriers across the semiconductor nanoparticle/electrolyte boundary is an elementary process for applications such as photoelectrochemical sensing and photocatalysis. This mechanism is investigated for systems based on complex shaped semiconductor and metal‐semiconductor nano‐heteroparticles. In the present work the influence of the presence of a CdSe domain within the CdS nanorod as well as the influence of gold domain decoration is investigated spectroelectrochemically. Therefore, the mentioned nanoparticles are linked to transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) glass slides via (3‐mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS). This preparation yields sub‐monolayers of the particles. External photocurrent quantum efficiency spectra are measured in the range from λ=350–650 nm. Intensity‐modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements are applied to the samples in order to reveal and explain the differences of the electrochemical kinetics between the four different particle types (CdS, CdSe/CdS, CdS−Au, and CdSe/CdS−Au nanorods). We demonstrate that the presence of gold domains affects the carrier dynamics of various involved processes. An equivalent circuit model is derived and fitted to the impedance data to explain changes of the kinetics in the system.
Model Macrocyclic Ligands for Proof‐of‐Concept Mechanistic Studies in Transition‐Metal Catalysis
Authors: Ribas Xavi , Devillard Marc 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this Concept article, we will scrutinize different approaches devoted to the mechanistic understanding of catalytic processes, paying special attention to the successful use of triazamacrocyclic aryl‐halide or arene‐containing substrates used for Cu‐, Ag‐, Au‐, Co‐ and Ni‐catalysis. The importance of designing model substrate platforms to unravel mechanistic details at a molecular level of C−C or C‐heteroatom bond‐forming processes catalyzed by transition metals will be highlighted. This fundamental mechanistic knowledge will serve as a foundation for the catalyst design for a desired transformation.
Inside Cover: Effect of Brønsted/Lewis Acid Ratio on Conversion of Sugars to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural over Mesoporous Nb and Nb‐W Oxides (Chin. J. Chem. 10/2017)
Authors: Guo Bin , Ye Lin , Tang Gangfeng , Zhang Li , Yue Bin , Tsang Shik Chi Edman , He Heyong 
Published: October 2017

The inside cover picture shows the excellent catalytic performance of mesoporous Nb and Nb‐W oxides catalysts for the conversion of glucose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural. The catalytic activity and selectivity for all Nb‐W oxides vary according to the ratio of Brønsted to Lewis acid sites. The highest HMF selectivity of 52% was achieved over Nb7W3 oxide catalyst. More details are discussed in the article by He et al. on page 1529–1539.
image
Patterns of BAP1 protein expression provide insights into prognostic significance and the biology of uveal melanoma
Authors: Farquhar Neil , Thornton Sophie , Coupland Sarah E , Coulson Judy M , Sacco Joseph J , Krishna Yamini , Heimann Heinrich , Taktak Azzam , Cebulla Colleen M , Abdel‐Rahman Mohamed H , Kalirai Helen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUveal melanoma (UM) is a rare aggressive intraocular tumour with a propensity for liver metastases, occurring in ∼50% of patients. The tumour suppressor BAP1 is considered to be key in UM progression. Herein, we present the largest study to date investigating cellular expression patterns of BAP1 protein in 165 UMs, correlating these patterns to prognosis. Full clinical, histological, genetic, and follow‐up data were available for all patients. BAP1 gene sequencing was performed on a subset of 26 cases. An independent cohort of 14 UMs was examined for comparison. Loss of nuclear BAP1 (nBAP1) protein expression was observed in 54% (88/165) UMs. nBAP1 expression proved to be a significant independent prognostic parameter: it identified two subgroups within monosomy 3 (M3) UM, which are known to have a high risk of metastasis. Strikingly, nBAP1‐positiveM3 UMs were associated with prolonged survival compared to nBAP1‐negative M3 UMs (Log rank, p = 0.014). nBAP1 protein loss did not correlate with a BAP1 mutation in 23% (6/26) of the UMs analysed. Cytoplasmic BAP1 protein (cBAP1) expression was also observed in UM: although appearing ‘predominantly diffuse’ in most nBAP1‐negative UM, a distinct ‘focal perinuclear’ expression pattern – localized immediately adjacent to the cis Golgi – was seen in 31% (18/59). These tumours tended to carry loss‐of‐function BAP1 mutations. Our study demonstrates loss of nBAP1 expression to be the strongest prognostic marker in UM, confirming its importance in UM progression. Our data suggest that non‐genetic mechanisms account for nBAP1 loss in a small number of UMs. In addition, we describe a subset of nBAP1‐negative UM, in which BAP1 is sequestered in perinuclear bodies, most likely within Golgi, warranting further mechanistic investigation.
Standard of nearly zero energy buildings in Germany
Authors: Schöndube Tim , Carrigan Svenja , Schoch Torsten , Kornadt Oliver 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe European Union intends to reduce the energy consumption in the building sector. The European Directive 2010/31/EU requires the definition of national standards for nearly zero energy buildings. This article presents a research study supported as part of the research initiative “Zukunft Bau” of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety for the definition of a nearly zero energy building standard for new buildings in Germany. First, the methodology is discussed, then the first results of a variant study on a model building are presented and discussed.
Ecosystem regime shifts disrupt trophic structure
Authors: Hempson Tessa N. , Graham Nicholas A. J. , MacNeil M. Aaron , Hoey Andrew S. , Wilson Shaun K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRegime shifts between alternative stable ecosystem states are becoming commonplace due to the combined effects of local stressors and global climate change. Alternative states are characterized as substantially different in form and function from pre‐disturbance states, disrupting the delivery of ecosystem services and functions. On coral reefs, regime shifts are typically characterized by a change in the benthic composition from coral to macroalgal dominance. Such fundamental shifts in the benthos are anticipated to impact associated fish communities that are reliant on the reef for food and shelter, yet there is limited understanding of how regime shifts propagate through the fish community over time, relative to initial or recovery conditions. This study addresses this knowledge gap using long‐term data of coral reef regime shifts and recovery on Seychelles reefs following the 1998 mass bleaching event. It shows how trophic structure of the reef fish community becomes increasingly dissimilar between alternative reef ecosystem states (regime‐shifted vs. recovering) with time since disturbance. Regime‐shifted reefs developed a concave trophic structure, with increased biomass in base trophic levels as herbivorous species benefitted from increased algal resources. Mid trophic level species, including specialists such as corallivores, declined with loss of coral habitat, while biomass was retained in upper trophic levels by large‐bodied, generalist invertivores. Recovering reefs also experienced an initial decline in mid trophic level biomass, but moved toward a bottom‐heavy pyramid shape, with a wide range of feeding groups (e.g., planktivores, corallivores, omnivores) represented at mid trophic levels. Given the importance of coral reef fishes in maintaining the ecological function of coral reef ecosystems and their associated fisheries, understanding the effects of regime shifts on these communities is essential to inform decisions that enhance ecological resilience and economic sustainability.