bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging Evidence of a Bilateral Representation for Visually Presented Numbers
Authors: Grotheer Mareike , Herrmann Karl-Heinz , Kovács Gyula 
Published: January 2016

The clustered architecture of the brain for different visual stimulus categories is one of the most fascinating topics in the cognitive neurosciences. Interestingly, recent research suggests the existence of additional regions for newly acquired stimuli such as letters (letter form area; LFA; Thesen et al., 2012) and numbers (visual number form area; NFA; Shum et al., 2013). However, neuroimaging methods thus far have failed to visualize the NFA in healthy participants, likely due to fMRI signal dropout caused by the air/bone interface of the petrous bone (Shum et al., 2013). In the current study, we combined a 64-channel head coil with high spatial resolution, localized shimming, and liberal smoothing, thereby decreasing the signal dropout and increasing the temporal signal-to-noise ratio in the neighborhood of the NFA. We presented subjects with numbers, letters, false numbers, false letters, objects and their Fourier randomized versions. A group analysis showed significant activations in the inferior temporal gyrus at the previously proposed location of the NFA. Crucially, we found the NFA to be present in both hemispheres. Further, we could identify the NFA on the single-subject level in most of our participants. A detailed analysis of the response profile of the NFA in two separate experiments confirmed the whole-brain results since responses to numbers were significantly higher than to any other presented stimulus in both hemispheres. Our results show for the first time the existence and stimulus selectivity of the NFA in the healthy human brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis fMRI study shows for the first time a cluster of neurons selective for visually presented numbers in healthy human adults. This visual number form area (NFA) was found in both hemispheres. Crucially, numbers have gained importance for humans too recently for neuronal specialization to be established by evolution. Therefore, investigations of this region will greatly advance our understanding of learning and plasticity in the brain. In addition, these results will aid our knowledge regarding related neurological illnesses (e.g., dyscalculia). To overcome the fMRI signal dropout in the neighborhood of the NFA, we combined high spatial resolution with liberal smoothing. We believe that this approach will be useful to the broad neuroimaging community.
Functionally Distinct Dopamine Signals in Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell in the Freely Moving Rat
Authors: Dreyer Jakob K. , Vander Weele Caitlin M. , Lovic Vedran , Aragona Brandon J. 
Published: January 2016

Dynamic signaling of mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons has been implicated in reward learning, drug abuse, and motivation. However, this system is complex because firing patterns of these neurons are heterogeneous; subpopulations receive distinct synaptic inputs, and project to anatomically and functionally distinct downstream targets, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core. The functional roles of these cell populations and their real-time signaling properties in freely moving animals are unknown. Resolving the real-time DA signal requires simultaneous knowledge of the synchronized activity of DA cell subpopulations and assessment of the down-stream functional effect of DA release. Because this is not yet possible solely by experimentationin vivo, we combine computational modeling and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry data to reconstruct the functionally relevant DA signal in DA neuron subpopulations projecting to the NAc core and shell in freely moving rats. The approach provides a novel perspective on real-time DA neuron firing and concurrent activation of presynaptic autoreceptors and postsynaptic targets. We first show that individual differences in DA release arise from differences in autoreceptor feedback. The model predicts that extracellular DA concentrations in NAc core result from constant baseline DA firing, whereas DA concentrations in NAc shell reflect highly dynamic firing patters, including synchronized burst firing and pauses. Our models also predict that this anatomical difference in DA signaling is exaggerated by intravenous infusion of cocaine.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOrchestrated signaling from mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons is important for initiating appropriate behavior in response to salient stimuli. Thus, subpopulations of mesolimbic DA neurons show differentin vitroproperties and synaptic inputs depending on their specific projections to the core and shell subterritories of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the functional consequence of these differences is unknown. Here we analyze and model DA dynamics in different areas of the NAc to establish the real-time DA signal. In freely behaving animals, we find that the DA signal from mesencephalic neurons projecting to the NAc shell is dominated by synchronized bursts and pauses, whereas signaling is uniform for core-projecting neurons; this difference is amplified by cocaine.
Dual Modulation of Nociception and Cardiovascular Reflexes during Peripheral Ischemia through P2Y1 Receptor-Dependent Sensitization of Muscle Afferents
Authors: Queme Luis F. , Ross Jessica L. , Lu Peilin , Hudgins Renita C. , Jankowski Michael P. 
Published: January 2016

Numerous musculoskeletal pain disorders are based in dysfunction of peripheral perfusion and are often comorbid with altered cardiovascular responses to muscle contraction/exercise. We have recently found in mice that 24 h peripheral ischemia induced by a surgical occlusion of the brachial artery (BAO) induces increased paw-guarding behaviors, mechanical hypersensitivity, and decreased grip strength. These behavioral changes corresponded to increased heat sensitivity as well as an increase in the numbers of chemosensitive group III/IV muscle afferents as assessed by anex vivoforepaw muscles/median and ulnar nerves/dorsal root ganglion (DRG)/spinal cord (SC) recording preparation. Behaviors also corresponded to specific upregulation of the ADP-responsive P2Y1 receptor in the DRGs. Since group III/IV muscle afferents have separately been associated with regulating muscle nociception and exercise pressor reflexes (EPRs), and P2Y1 has been linked to heat responsiveness and phenotypic switching in cutaneous afferents, we sought to determine whether upregulation of P2Y1 was responsible for the observed alterations in muscle afferent function, leading to modulation of muscle pain-related behaviors and EPRs after BAO. Using an afferent-specific siRNA knockdown strategy, we found that inhibition of P2Y1 during BAO not only prevented the increased mean blood pressure after forced exercise, but also significantly reduced alterations in pain-related behaviors. Selective P2Y1 knockdown also prevented the increased firing to heat stimuli and the BAO-induced phenotypic switch in chemosensitive muscle afferents, potentially through regulating membrane expression of acid sensing ion channel 3. These results suggest that enhanced P2Y1 in muscle afferents during ischemic-like conditions may dually regulate muscle nociception and cardiovascular reflexes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur current results suggest that P2Y1 modulates heat responsiveness and chemosensation in muscle afferents to play a key role in the development of pain-related behaviors during ischemia. At the same time, under these pathological conditions, the changes in muscle sensory neurons appear to modulate an increase in mean systemic blood pressure after exercise. This is the first report of the potential peripheral mechanisms by which group III/IV muscle afferents can dually regulate muscle nociception and the exercise pressor reflex. These data provide evidence related to the potential underlying reasons for the comorbidity of muscle pain and altered sympathetic reflexes in disease states that are based in problems with peripheral perfusion and may indicate a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Introduction to the first issue
Authors: Dzițac Ioan 
Published: January 2016

<p>In this inaugural issue we present:<br />- an editorial article, with a general presentation of IJCCC and this introduction with short description of the<br />papers published in this first issue;<br />- one anniversary article dedicated to centenary of Kurt Gödel (1906-1978) and two anniversary articles dedicated<br />to centenary of Grigore C. Moisil (1906-1973);<br />- some selected papers from the International Conference on Computers, Communications &amp; Control, June 1-3, 2006, Băile Felix - Oradea, Romania, ICCCC 2006;<br />- two regular papers.</p>
QUÍMICA MINERAL EM GRANADA DE DIFERENTES NÍVEIS CRUSTAIS
Authors: Piuzana Danielle , Castañeda Cristiane , Pimentel Márcio Martins , Fuck Reinhardt A. , Soares Willian T. 
Published: January 2016

Padrões cristaloquímicos em granadas, geradas durante a orogenia Brasiliana em diferentes grausmetamórficos, foram investigadas neste trabalho. Quatro tipos de rochas contendo granada foramselecionados: granulito de ultra-alta temperatura, granito granulitizado, paragranulito e cianita-granadamuscovitaxisto. Proporções moleculares indicam variações significativas nos conteúdos de Fe e Mg epequenas variações do Ca e Mn. Todos cristais de granada analisados pertencem à série almandinapiropo. Granada do mica xisto apresenta maior quantidade (%) de moléculas de Fe(alm76py15gro6sp2) seguidas por granada de granito granulitizado (alm69-66py20-26gro6-9sp2-3), paragranulito(alm62-52py42-32gro4-6sp1-2) e granulito de ultra-alta temperatura (alm63py23gro13sp1).Em todos cristais as bordas de granada possuem maior conteúdo de Fe que os núcleos. Mg e Ca possuem relação inversa ao Fe em granada do granulito de ultra-alta temperatura, mostrandoempobrecimento daqueles elementos em direção às bordas do cristal. Cristais de granada do granulito deultra-alta temperatura e de granito granulitizado possuem idades isocrônicas Sm-Nd mais antigas (625-633 Ma) e maiores valores de Mg/(Mg+Fe). Granada de paragranulito possui idade isocrônica Sm-Nd de606 Ma e maiores valores de Ca/(Ca+Mg). A dispersão parece indicar que o sistema isotópico da granadade paragranulitos permaneceu aberto por mais tempo devido a reações retrometamórficas ou evento deformacional. ABSTRACT: Crystallochemical standards of garnet from rocks in different metamorphic grades generated duringthe Brasiliano Orogeny were investigated. Four kinds of rocks containing garnet were selected: ultrahightemperature granulite, granulitized granites, paragranulites and kyanite-garnet-muscovite schist.End-member calculations indicate significant variations in Fe and Mg contents, and little variation in Caand Mn. All analyzed garnet samples belong to the almandine-pyrope series. Garnet from micaschistpresents the highest amount (%) of Fe molecules (alm76py15gro6sp2), followed by garnet of granulitizedgranites (alm69-66py20-26gro6-9sp2-3), paragranulites (alm62-52py42-32gro4-6sp1-2) and UHT granulite(alm63py23gro13sp1).In all analysed garnet grains rims have higher iron content than cores. Mg and Ca contents in UHTgranulite garnet present a negative correlation with Fe, showing gradual decrease of these elementstowards the crystal rim. On the other hand, in granulitized granites, Ca and Mg remain constantthroughout the crystal. Garnet crystals of UHT granulite and granulitized granites, which have the oldestSm-Nd isochron ages (633-625 Ma), display the highest values of Mg/(Mg+Fe). Garnet from paragranulite,with Sm-Nd isochron age of 606 Ma, presents high values of Ca/(Ca+Mg). The dispersion seems toindicate that the isotopic system garnet in samples of paragranulite was opened due to retrometamorphicand/or deformational events.
O “CERTIFICADO DO PROCESSO DE KIMBERLEY": PROPOSTA PARA SUBSIDIAR SUA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO EM BASES CIENTIFICAS.
Authors: Chaves Mario Luiz de Sá C. , Benitez Leila 
Published: January 2016

Na última década, ganhou força a nível internacional manifestação destinada a reconhecer a origemdos diamantes no comércio varejista, de modo com que se evitasse a compra de pedras produzidas depaíses africanos em estado de guerra civil. Essa campanha levou à implementação do “Certificado doProcesso de Kimberley”, emitido por países produtores de diamantes, incluindo-se o Brasil. Entretanto,junto com a aceitação geral de tal certificado, diversos estudos têm procurado definir parâmetros deconferência de que os mesmos seriam eficazes. No decorrer desses acontecimentos, diversos doscertificados brasileiros foram colocados em dúvida, com a possibilidade de inclusão de diamantesprovenientes de outros países nos lotes, permitindo assim, em princípio, a inclusão de pedras de paísesbeligerantes. Os estudos realizados sobre lotes de diamantes das principais áreas produtoras de MinasGerais, têm demonstrado que é plenamente possível identificar a proveniência de lotes representativosde diferentes áreas, através da definição de parâmetros básicos que, integrados e tratados estatisticamente,podem fornecer uma assinatura típica para cada uma delas.Palavras-chave: diamante, mercado internacional, Certificado Kimberley. ABSTRACT:In the last decade, the international market happened a great worldwide manifestation which objectiveto recognize the origin of the diamonds in the retail trade, with the purpose to restrict the acquisitionof stones from African countries in civil war state. This campaign led the implementation of the“Certificate of the Process of Kimberley”, emitted for producing diamond countries, including Brazil.However, together with the general acceptance of such certificate, several studies have looked fordefining conference parameters of that the same ones would be efficient. In elapsing of these events,some of the brazilian certificates it had been placed in doubt, with the possibility of inclusion ofdiamonds proceeding from other countries in these lots, thus allowing, in principle, the inclusion ofstones from belligerent countries. The studies carried through on lots of diamonds of the mainproducing areas of Minas Gerais, have demonstrated that it is fully possible to identify the provenance of representative lots of different areas. In this way, through the definition of basic parametersintegrated and treated by statistic manner, can supply a typical signature to each one of thesedeposits.Keywords: diamond, international market, Kimberley Certificate.
MINERAIS DE COLEÇÃO: CIÊNCIA, ESTÉTICA E MERCADO
Authors: Menezes Filho Luiz Alberto Dias , Chaves Mario Luiz de Sá Carneiro 
Published: January 2016

algumas centenas no Brasil. O comércio desses minerais movimenta por ano algumas dezenas de milhões dedólares, proporcionando renda e condições de subsistência a regiões pobres do Brasil e de outros países. Essemercado também incentiva a produção em pequenos depósitos minerais e isso tem permitido a descoberta e apreservação de novas espécies minerais que de outra forma permaneceriam desconhecidas. O Brasil é um dosmaiores produtores mundiais de minerais para coleção, entretanto quase que exclusivamente provenientes deatividades de garimpagem. O riquíssimo patrimônio mineralógico contido em jazidas de grandes mineraçõesindustriais tem sido perdido, devido ao desinteresse de tais empresas e seus corpos técnicos em estudar amineralogia dessas jazidas.Palavras-chave: minerais, coleções, exploração mineral. ABSTRACT: The hobby of mineral collecting has millions of adepts all over the world, but only few hundreds in Brazil.The trade of these minerals amount annually some tens of millions of dollars, providing monetary incentiveto poor regions in Brazil and in other countries. Such market incentives the exploitation of small mineraldeposits and has allowed the discovery and preservation of new mineral species. Brazil is a major producerof minerals for collections, however mostly from the small “garimpo’s” services. The very rich mineralogicalpatrimony from the ore deposits subject to industrial mining has been lost due the lack of interest from thebig companies and their technical staffs to study the mineralogy of these deposits.Keywords: minerals, collections, mineral exploration.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE SIG NOS ESTUDOS AMBIENTAIS DO ESTUÁRIO DO RIO ACARAÚ/CEARÁ
Authors: Araújo Maria Valdirene , Freire George Satander Sá 
Published: January 2016

A Bacia do Acaraú está localizada a oeste da capital cearense e compreende uma área de 14.500Km²sendo considerada a segunda maior bacia hidrográfica do Ceará. A área da pesquisa compreendeu aregião do estuário do rio Acaraú com 80Km², abrangendo o município de Acaraú e Cruz a oeste. Apesquisa teve como objetivos analisar as condições geoambientais, analisar o processo de uso e ocupaçãoe os impactos ambientais, bem como levar uma conscientização à população residente na área e deconservar os recursos da natureza de maneira sustentável de forma a garantir para as gerações futuras.Como metodologia foram utilizadas bibliografias pertinentes à área, fotografias e imagens de satélitesmultitemporais e com boa resolução como as imagens do Quickbird e também imagens Landsat. Asatividades de geoprocessamento envolveram o processamento digital de imagens de sensoriamentoremoto e a integração de dados em estrutura de SIG (Sistema de Informação Geográfica). Os resultadosobtidos foram; a poluição do rio, a degradação do manguezal devido à expansão da carcinicultura, ocrescimento urbano da cidade de Acaraú e como forma de diminuir os impactos foi sugerida a criação deuma Área de Proteção Ambiental e um programa intensivo de educação ambiental com a população local.Palavras-chave: Análise ambiental, manguezal, estuário. ABSTRACT: The Acaraú basin is located to west of the capital from Ceará and it understands an area of 14.500Km² beingconsidered the second largest Ceará basin. The area the research understood the area the estuary of the Acaraúriver 80Km², embracing the munipality of Acaraú and Cruz in the west. The research has for objectives to analyzethe geo- environmental conditions, to analyze the use process and occupation and the environmental impacts, aswell as to take an understanding to the resident population in the area and of conserving the resources of naturein maintainable way to guarantee for the next generations. As methodology were used pertinent bibliographiesto the subject, pictures and of satellites images and with good resolution as the images of Quickbird and alsoLandsat images. The geo-processing activities involved images digital processing of remote sensing and theintegration of data in structure of SIG (System of Geographical Information). The obtained results were;the pollution of the river, the degradation of the growth of mangroves due to expansion of the shrimp farm,the urban growth of the city of Acaraú and as form of reducing the impacts was suggested the creation of anEnvironmental Protection Area and an intensive program of environmental education with the local population.Keywords: Environmental analysis, mangroves, estuary.
ESTRATIGRAFIA E EVOLUÇÃO GEOMORFOLÓGICA DO GRUPO BAMBUÍ NA REGIÃO DE MORRO DA GARÇA (MG)
Authors: Chaves Mario Luiz de Sá C. , Benitez Leila , Andrade Kerley Wanderson , Queiroga Gláucia Nascimento 
Published: January 2016

O Morro da Garça encontra-se no município homônimo, localizado no centro geodésico do Estado de MinasGerais. Esse morro constitui uma feição geomorfológica circular ressaltada na planura do cerrado, e quetem servido ao longo dos últimos séculos como guia de referência para os viajantes. Em termos geológicos,tal região é coberta por litotipos do Grupo Bambuí, datados no Neoproterozóico. Na parte mais arrasadado relevo, predominam as formações Lagoa do Jacaré e Serra da Saudade, com as camadas dispostassub-horizontalmente. No morro em si, um levantamento de detalhe permitiu reconhecer uma seqüênciapelito-arenosa que define uma transição entre as formações Serra da Saudade e Três Marias. O topo domorro é sustentado por cerca de 60 m de metarenitos impuros da Formação Três Marias, no cume bastanterecristalizados. Comparações de ordem petrográfica dessas rochas, com as que ocorrem na região de Pirapora,uma das seções-tipo da Formação Três Marias, comprovam tal correlação. Esta situação geológica peculiarpermitiu que o morro da Garça fosse preservado como um testemunho na paisagem regional.Palavras-chaves: Morro da Garça; Grupo Bambuí; Estratigrafia; Evolução geomorfológica. ABSTRACT: The Garça´s hill is located in the Morro da Garça county, on the geodesic center of Minas Gerais State.It is a geomorphological circular feature salient on the plain of the savanna, that has been used in the lastcenturies as a reference guide to the travelers. Concerning on the geological aspects, this region is coveredby the Bambuí Group rocks, of Neoproterozoic age. In the most eroded part of the relief, occurs the Lagoado Jacaré and the Serra da Saudade formations (undivided), with sub-horizontal layers. A detail survey inthe hill allowed to recognizing a pelite-carbonatic sequence that determines a transition between the Serrada Saudade and Três Marias formations. The highest part of the hill is supported by about 60 m of the TrêsMarias Formation, that consists of a cristallized and impure sandstone in the peak. Petrographic comparisonsof these rocks with others that occur in the Pirapora region, where is located a type section of the Três MariasFormation, prove such correlation. This peculiar geological situation conditioned the preservation of theGarça’s hill as a butte in the regional landscape.Keywords: Garça’s hill; Bambui Group; Stratigraphy; Geomorphological evolution.
DIAGNÓSTICO DO MEIO FÍSICO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO CONGONHAS, MG
Authors: Sallun Alethéa Ernandes Martins , Sallun Filho William , Karmann Ivo 
Published: January 2016

Para o diagnóstico ambiental do meio físico na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Congonhas (MG) realizaram-seestudos geológico, geomorfológico e hidrogeológico para a caracterização sob o ponto de vista ambiental.A região enfrenta muitos problemas relacionados a falta d’água, onde é elevado o índice de insucesso naperfuração de poços tubulares profundos, devido ao clima desfavorável, solos ausentes e/ou delgados e anatureza fissural da maior parte dos aqüíferos. Com a implantação da Barragem Congonhas, haverá aumentoda disponibilidade hídrica na região e poderão surgir problemas ambientais devido a atividade antrópica.Não foram identificados pontos de degradação ambiental atuantes na bacia estudada, e os dados obtidosforneceram subsídios para o zoneamento ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável. Propõe-se ações deeducação ambiental voltadas a conscientização da população local, que pode ser atuante na identificação eprevenção de fatores degradantes que proporcionam impactos ambientais.Palavras-chave: geologia, geomorfologia, hidrogeologia, Rio Congonhas Abstract: For the diagnosis of the physical environment of the Congonhas River Hydrographic Basin (Minas GeraisState), geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological studies were realized in order to environmentalcharacterization. The region faces many problems of lack of water, with high rate of failure in the drillingof wells, due to unfavorable weather, absence and/or thin soil and fissural nature of most aquifers. With theimplanting of the Congonhas dam, there will be increased water availability in the region and environmentalproblems may arise due to human activity. Were not identified points of environmental degradation acting inthe studied basin and the information obtained provided data for the environmental zoning and sustainabledevelopment. It proposes actions for environmental education focused on awareness of local people, whocan be active in the identification and prevention of factors of degradation that provide environmentalimpacts.Keywords: geology, geomorphology, hidrogeology, Rio Congonhas