bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
17.9.24 Phthalocyanines and Related Compounds (Update 2017)
Authors: Rodríguez-Morgade M. S. , Torres T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis review updates the original Science of Synthesis chapter (Section 17.9) on phthalocyanines and various ring-fused, ring-contracted, and ring-expanded analogues. It adds some recently published methods, examples, and variations on the synthesis of unsubstituted phthalocyanines and metal phthalocyanines, as well as identically and nonidentically substituted phthalocyanine derivatives. Besides peripheral substitution, axial functionalization is also discussed, but attention is focused only on those methods that represent appreciable progress for a particular type of metal coordination and axial functionalization, provide phthalocyanines with specific features such as chirality, or allow the functionalization of phthalocyanines with entities that are difficult to introduce at the peripheral sites. This account also includes sections on new types of phthalocyanine derivatives and analogues that were not covered in the original chapter, as well as the progress made in the synthesis of some of these families in the decade since 2003.
34.1.6.4 Synthesis of Fluoroalkanes with Retention of the Functional Group (Update 2017)
Authors: Yamazaki T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 34.1.6) describing methods for the synthesis of monofluorinated compounds with a C(sp3)—F bond by way of a wide variety of transformations of molecules already bearing the key C—F bond. The focus is on methods published in the period 2005–2015.
“Cycles upon cycles, stories upon stories”: contemporary audio media and podcast horror’s new frights
Authors: Hancock Danielle , McMurtry Leslie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDuring the last ten years the ever-fertile horror and Gothic genres have birthed a new type of fright-fiction: podcast horror. Podcast horror is a narrative horror form based in audio media and the properties of sound. Despite association with oral ghost tales, radio drama, and movie and TV soundscapes, podcast horror remains academically overlooked. Podcasts offer fertile ground for the revitalization and evolution of such extant audio-horror traditions, yet they offer innovation too. Characterized by their pre-recorded nature, individualized listening times and formats, often “amateur” or non-corporate production, and isolation from an ongoing media stream more typical of radio or TV, podcasts potentialize the instigation of newer audio-horror methods and traits. Podcast horror shows vary greatly in form and content, from almost campfire-style oral tales, comprising listener-produced and performed content (Drabblecast; Tales to Terrify; NoSleep); to audio dramas reminiscent of radio’s Golden Era (Tales from Beyond the Pale; 19 Nocturne Boulevard); to dramas delivered in radio-broadcast style (Welcome to Night Vale; Ice Box Theatre); to, most recently, dramas, which are themselves acknowledging and exploratory of the podcast form (TANIS; The Black Tapes Podcast; Lime Town). Yet within this broad spectrum, sympathies and conventions arise which often not only explore and expand notions of Gothic sound, but which challenge broader existing horror and Gothic genre norms. This article thus demonstrates the extent to which podcast horror uses its audio form, technology and mediation to disrupt and evolve Gothic/horror fiction, not through a cumulative chronological formulation of podcast horror but through a maintained and alternately synthesized panorama of forms. Herein new aspects of generic narration, audience, narrative and aesthetic emerge. Exploring a broad spectrum of American and British horror podcasts, this article shows horror podcasting to utilize podcasting’s novel means of horror and Gothic distribution/consumption to create fresh, unique and potent horror forms. This article reveals plot details about some of the podcasts examined.
fastNGSadmix: admixture proportions and principal component analysis of a single NGS sample
Authors: Jørsboe Emil , Hanghøj Kristian , Albrechtsen Anders 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Estimation of admixture proportions and principal component analysis (PCA) are fundamental tools in populations genetics. However, applying these methods to low- or mid-depth sequencing data without taking genotype uncertainty into account can introduce biases.

Results
Here we present fastNGSadmix, a tool to fast and reliably estimate admixture proportions and perform PCA from next generation sequencing data of a single individual. The analyses are based on genotype likelihoods of the input sample and a set of predefined reference populations. The method has high accuracy, even at low sequencing depth and corrects for the biases introduced by small reference populations.

Availability and implementation
The admixture estimation method is implemented in C ++ and the PCA method is implemented in R. The code is freely available at http://www.popgen.dk/software/index.php/FastNGSadmix

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Lep-MAP3: robust linkage mapping even for low-coverage whole genome sequencing data
Authors: Rastas Pasi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Accurate and dense linkage maps are useful in family-based linkage and association studies, quantitative trait locus mapping, analysis of genome synteny and other genomic data analyses. Moreover, linkage mapping is one of the best ways to detect errors in de novo genome assemblies, as well as to orient and place assembly contigs within chromosomes. A small mapping cross of tens of individuals will detect many errors where distant parts of the genome are erroneously joined together. With more individuals and markers, even more local errors can be detected and more contigs can be oriented. However, the tools that are currently available for constructing linkage maps are not well suited for large, possible low-coverage, whole genome sequencing datasets.

Results
Here we present a linkage mapping software Lep-MAP3, capable of mapping high-throughput whole genome sequencing datasets. Such data allows cost-efficient genotyping of millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for thousands of individual samples, enabling, among other analyses, comprehensive validation and refinement of de novo genome assemblies. The algorithms of Lep-MAP3 can analyse low-coverage datasets and reduce data filtering and curation on any data. This yields more markers in the final maps with less manual work even on problematic datasets. We demonstrate that Lep-MAP3 obtains very good performance already on 5x sequencing coverage and outperforms the fastest available software on simulated data on accuracy and often on speed. We also construct de novo linkage maps on 7-12x whole-genome data on the Red postman butterfly (Heliconius erato) with almost 3 million markers.

Availability and implementation
Lep-MAP3 is available with the source code under GNU general public license from http://sourceforge.net/projects/lep-map3.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Zero Counting and Invariant Sets of Differential Equations
Authors: Binyamini Gal 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Consider a polynomial vector field $\xi$ in ${\mathbb C}^n$ with algebraic coefficients, and $K$ a compact piece of a trajectory. Let $N(K,d)$ denote the maximal number of isolated intersections between $K$ and an algebraic hypersurface of degree $d$. We introduce a condition on $\xi$ called constructible orbits and show that under this condition $N(K,d)$ grows polynomially with $d$.
We establish the constructible orbits condition for linear differential equations over ${\mathbb C}(t)$, for planar polynomial differential equations and for some differential equations related to the automorphic $j$-function.
As an application of the main result, we prove a polylogarithmic upper bound for the number of rational points of a given height in planar projections of $K$ following works of Bombieri–Pila and Masser.
The Hyper Suprime-Cam software pipeline
Authors: Bosch James , Armstrong Robert , Bickerton Steven , Furusawa Hisanori , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Koike Michitaro , Lupton Robert , Mineo Sogo , Price Paul , Takata Tadafumi , Tanaka Masayuki , Yasuda Naoki , AlSayyad Yusra , Becker Andrew C , Coulton William , Coupon Jean , Garmilla Jose , Huang Song , Krughoff K Simon , Lang Dustin , Leauthaud Alexie , Lim Kian-Tat , Lust Nate B , MacArthur Lauren A , Mandelbaum Rachel , Miyatake Hironao , Miyazaki Satoshi , Murata Ryoma , More Surhud , Okura Yuki , Owen Russell , Swinbank John D , Strauss Michael A , Yamada Yoshihiko , Yamanoi Hitomi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we describe the optical imaging data processing pipeline developed for the Subaru Telescope’s Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) instrument. The HSC Pipeline builds on the prototype pipeline being developed by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope’s Data Management system, adding customizations for HSC, large-scale processing capabilities, and novel algorithms that have since been reincorporated into the LSST codebase. While designed primarily to reduce HSC Subaru Strategic Program (SSP) data, it is also the recommended pipeline for reducing general-observer HSC data. The HSC pipeline includes high-level processing steps that generate coadded images and science-ready catalogs as well as low-level detrending and image characterizations.
Wheelchair Shuttle Test for Assessing Aerobic Fitness in Youth With Spina Bifida: Validity and Reliability
Authors: Bloemen Manon A.T. , de Groot Janke F. , Backx Frank J.G. , Benner Joyce , Kruitwagen Cas L.J.J. , Takken Tim 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Testing aerobic fitness in youth is important because of expected relationships with health.

Objective
The purpose of the study was to estimate the validity and reliability of the Shuttle Ride Test in youth who have spina bifida and use a wheelchair for mobility and sport.

Design
Ths study is a validity and reliability study.

Methods
The Shuttle Ride Test, Graded Wheelchair Propulsion Test, and skill-related fitness tests were administered to 33 participants for the validity study (age = 14.5 ± 3.1 y) and to 28 participants for the reliability study (age = 14.7 ± 3.3 y).

Results
No significant differences were found between the Graded Wheelchair Propulsion Test and the Shuttle Ride Test for most cardiorespiratory responses. Correlations between the Graded Wheelchair Propulsion Test and the Shuttle Ride Test were moderate to high (r = .55–.97). The variance in peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) could be predicted for 77% of the participants by height, number of shuttles completed, and weight, with large prediction intervals. High correlations were found between number of shuttles completed and skill-related fitness tests (CI = .73 to −.92). Intraclass correlation coefficients were high (.77–.98), with a smallest detectable change of 1.5 for number of shuttles completed and with coefficients of variation of 6.2% and 6.4% for absolute VO2peak and relative VO2peak, respectively.

Conclusions
When measuring VO2peak directly by using a mobile gas analysis system, the Shuttle Ride Test is highly valid for testing VO2peak in youth who have spina bifida and use a wheelchair for mobility and sport. The outcome measure of number of shuttles represents aerobic fitness and is also highly correlated with both anaerobic performance and agility. It is not possible to predict VO2peak accurately by using the number of shuttles completed. Moreover, the Shuttle Ride Test is highly reliable in youth with spina bifida, with a good smallest detectable change for the number of shuttles completed.
Relationships Between Reflection and Behavior Change in CME
Authors: Ratelle John T. , Wittich Christopher M. , Yu Roger C. , Newman James S. , Jenkins Sarah M. , Beckman Thomas J. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction:
Reflection exposes performance gaps and is a step in the process of behavior change among adult learners. However, little is known about the relationships between reflection and behavior change in CME. Our objectives were to measure associations between validated reflection scores and behavior change among CME participants and to identify associations between reflection and characteristics of CME presentations.

Methods:
This was a cohort study of attendees at a national hospital medicine CME course. Participants provided reflection scores for each presentation and planned commitment-to-change (CTC) statements at the conclusion of the course. Reflection scores from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) were averaged for each presentation. CTC statements were linked to their accompanying presentations. A 3-month postcourse survey was conducted to assess if planned CTCs were successfully implemented.

Results:
In all, 223 of 281 participants (79.4%) returned evaluations. Of the 195 planned CTC statements available for postcourse analysis, 128 (65.6%) were implemented. Reflection scores correlated with the number of planned CTC statements across all presentations (Pearson correlation, 0.65; P < .001). In addition, higher reflection scores (mean [SD]) were associated with the presence of audience response opportunities (Yes: 4.13 [0.18] versus No: 3.96 [0.16]; P = .01) and the use of clinical cases (Yes: 4.09 [0.18] versus No: 3.86 [0.12]; P < .01).

Discussion:
To our knowledge, this is the first study to show a relationship between participant reflection and CTC in conference-based CME. Presentations that incorporate clinical cases and audience response systems seem to stimulate participant reflection and behavior change.
Pseudomelanomas Following Stevens–Johnson Syndrome
Authors: Ardakani Nima Mesbah , Tiwari Shevya M. , Wood Benjamin A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:
In this report, we present a novel case of pseudomelanoma, similar to that seen in a recurrent/traumatized nevus, in pre-existing nevi in a 36-year-old man a few months after recovering from an episode of severe Stevens–Johnson syndrome. The mechanism responsible for the atypical transformation of these nevi is likely the release of cytokines and growth factors in the microenvironment during the repair/regeneration process. It is important to be aware of this phenomenon, and specific inquiry about potential recent blistering skin disorder in addition to the other causes of trauma should be made when dealing with cases of pseudomelanoma to avoid misdiagnosis.
Validation of Digital Pathology for Primary Histopathological Diagnosis of Routine, Inflammatory Dermatopathology Cases
Authors: Lee Jonathan J. , Jedrych Jaroslaw , Pantanowitz Liron , Ho Jonhan 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Digital pathology (DP) systems have been validated for routine, histopathological diagnosis by several investigators. The diagnostic matter in previous studies is composed mostly of neoplasms. However, in dermatopathology, inflammatory diseases constitute a greater proportion of cases and have been under-represented in this literature. Herein, we report the results of a prospective, DP side-by-side validation study comparing the histologic assessment of routine, clinical inflammatory dermatopathology cases by whole slide imaging (WSI) and traditional light microscopy (LM).

Methods:
Glass slides were digitized at ×40 magnification. Two dermatopathologists rendered diagnoses digitally and immediately thereafter by light microscopy. Additional recuts, special, and immunohistochemical stains obtained during workup were scanned and evaluated similarly. Morphological features used to make diagnoses and appreciable differences in histology were recorded.

Results:
A total of 332 slides representing 93 cases were examined, including 157 hematoxylin & eosin sections, 132 special stains, and 43 immunohistochemical slides. In total, 333 microscopic features important for rendering inflammatory diagnoses were identified. Two discrepant instances were noted wherein Gram-positive cocci were identified using traditional microscopy but not by DP (×40 scan). Eosinophils, melanin granules, and mucin were identified on both modalities but were noted to have different appearances.

Conclusions:
Our findings indicate that DP is sufficient for primary diagnosis in inflammatory dermatopathology. Higher magnification scanning may be required to identify submicron features, such as microorganisms. Subtle differences in image quality between these 2 modalities may contribute to varied histologic interpretations of which pathologists should be aware when validating clinical DP systems.
Is outpatient hysteroscopy accurate for the diagnosis of endometrial pathology among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women?
Authors: Bar-On Shikma , Ben-David Alon , Rattan Gilad , Grisaru Dan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objective:
To assess the histological and visual accuracy of outpatient hysteroscopy.

Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of all women referred to a tertiary center outpatient hysteroscopy clinic between March 2011 and October 2016 for the following indications: postmenopausal bleeding, suspected polyp, and/or thick endometrium. Histological accuracy was evaluated by comparing specimens obtained in hysteroscopy with those obtained by hysterectomy, and visual accuracy was evaluated by comparing visual findings with those obtained by biopsies. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio were calculated to assess visual accuracy.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 54.14 (interquartile range 43.0-64.0). A total of 408 pathological specimens were obtained from outpatient hysteroscopies during the 712 visits recorded in the clinic log. Histological accuracy was evaluated in 15 participants who eventually underwent hysterectomy. Total percent of agreement between hysteroscopy biopsies and final pathology obtained by hysterectomy was 73% (kappa = 0.47). Overall visual accuracy was calculated with a 93.1% sensitivity, 52.1% specificity, 90.4% positive predictive value, and 61.0% negative predictive value. Visual accuracy for benign pathology was generally higher compared with that for pre and malignant lesions. Visual accuracy was satisfactory for the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma with sensitivity and specificity of 71.4% and 98.9%, respectively, but poor for diagnosing hyperplasia with sensitivity and specificity of 25.0% and 96.6%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Outpatient hysteroscopy is an adequate and reliable tool for the evaluation of benign pathology in the uterine cavity. Visual findings may not suffice, and directed biopsies may be required to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Suspected Pediatric Influenza Risk-Stratification Algorithm
Authors: Evers Patrick D. , Starr Michelle , McNeil Michael J. , O'Neill Laura , Posa Andrea , Savage Timothy , Migita Russell 
Published: August 2017

Background and Objectives
Influenza causes significant annual burden among children. Current guidelines recommend empiric treatment for a broadly defined group of children at high risk for influenza complications, resulting in overtreatment or costly viral testing. This study creates an algorithm for clinicians to risk stratify children with influenza-like illness (ILI) according to likelihood of influenza infection.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on 818 children seen in the emergency department from November 2012 to April 2013 for ILI. We reviewed medical records for symptoms, influenza risk factors, and viral assay results. Classification and regression tree analyses were performed separately for children older and younger than 2 years.

Results
In children younger than 2 years, populations likely to test positive were those with an influenza-positive contact, unimmunized children, and those presenting in high-incidence influenza periods. In this subgroup, immunized patients in low-incidence seasons and those with absence of cough are low risk for influenza infection. For children 2 years and older, high-risk populations were unimmunized children, those presenting in high-incidence influenza periods and those with myalgia or absence of diarrhea.

Conclusions
These risk-stratification analyses were summarized into Suspected Pediatric Influenza Risk-Stratification Algorithm (SPIRA). For those in whom influenza infection is likely, clinicians may consider empiric treatment. Conversely, patients whom SPIRA identifies as unlikely to be infected with influenza are candidates for viral testing and targeted treatment. In assessing children with ILI, SPIRA aids clinicians in determining who to test versus treat empirically, saving children from costly viral testing or unnecessary antiviral exposure.
Massive Pericardial Effusion and Tamponade Can Be a First Sign of Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Yoldaş Tamer , Kayali Şeyma , Ertuğrul İlker , Doğan Vehbi , Örün Utku Arman , Karademir Selmin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Cardiac involvement is a rare initial presentation of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). We described 2 children with massive pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, who were later diagnosed as having FMF based on clinical and laboratory findings. Therefore, in children presenting with massive pericardial effusion, FMF should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses. In addition, massive pericardial effusion is a serious clinical condition that requires emergency therapeutic approach including pericardiocenthesis. For medical treatment, colchicine is the first line therapy, but in resistant cases, other anti-inflammatory drugs can be used for extra anti-inflammatory effect.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Multiple Mandibular Fractures in an Adolescent Presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Zapolsky Nathan , Zapolsky Ivan Joseph , Lim Czer Anthoney 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present a case of an adolescent patient with multiple mandibular fractures diagnosed by point-of-care ultrasound in the pediatric emergency department. Sonographic findings consistent with fracture were identified in our patient, and early consultation expedited interdepartmental coordination and disposition. The role of ultrasound in identifying various traumatic orthopedic and maxillofacial injuries is discussed.
Improving Outreach and Surveillance Efforts Following a Large-Scale Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Wisconsin
Authors: Creswell Paul D. , Vogt Christy M. , Wozniak Ryan J. , Camponeschi Jenny , Werner Mark A. , Meiman Jonathan G. 
Published: August 2017

Objective:
In December 2014, the largest carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in Wisconsin's history occurred at an ice arena. Following this event, the Wisconsin Environmental Public Health Tracking (WI EPHT) Program sought to improve outreach and surveillance efforts.

Methods:
WI EPHT designed and distributed educational materials on CO poisoning prevention and surveyed stakeholders to gauge the effectiveness of outreach efforts. To enhance surveillance, WI EPHT utilized data from the Wisconsin Poison Center (WPC) to generate real-time alerts of anomalous numbers of CO-related calls.

Results:
WI EPHT found that 42% of stakeholders reviewed the outreach materials, and 1 ice arena had installed a CO detector as a result. CO alerts were developed using WPC data and are now routinely used in statewide public health surveillance.

Conclusion:
WI EPHT staff improved CO poisoning prevention outreach and saw a positive response among stakeholders. This work demonstrates ways that health agencies can improve outreach and surveillance for CO poisoning. Improvements in these areas can bolster public health response and may prevent CO-related illness and injury.