bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The surgical challenge of carotid artery and Fallopian canal dehiscence in chronic ear disease: a pitfall for endoscopic approach
Authors: Pauna H.F. , Monsanto R.C. , Schachern P.A. , Costa S.S. , Kwon G. , Paparella M.M. , Cureoglu S. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveEndoscopic procedures are becoming common in middle ear surgery. Inflammation due to chronic ear disease can cause bony erosion of the carotid artery and Fallopian canals, making them more vulnerable during surgery. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not chronic ear disease increases dehiscence of the carotid artery and Fallopian canals.DesignComparative human temporal bone study.SettingOtopathology laboratory.ParticipantsWe selected 78 temporal bones from 55 deceased donors with chronic otitis media or cholesteatoma and then compared those two groups with a control group of 27 temporal bones from 19 deceased donors with no middle ear disease.Main outcome measuresWe analysed the middle ear, carotid artery canal and Fallopian canal, looking for signs of dehiscence of its bony coverage, using light microscopy.ResultsWe found an increased incidence in dehiscence of the carotid artery and Fallopian canals in temporal bones with chronic middle ear disease. The size of the carotid artery canal dehiscence was larger in the middle ear‐diseased groups, and its bony coverage, when present, was also thinner compared to the control group. Dehiscence of the carotid artery canal was more frequently located closer to the promontory. The incidence of Fallopian canal dehiscence was significantly higher in temporal bones from donors older than 18 years with chronic middle ear disease.ConclusionThe increased incidence of the carotid artery and Fallopian canal dehiscence in temporal bones with chronic middle ear disease elevates the risk of adverse events during middle ear surgery.
Use of a linear stapler for the treatment of ileocolic fistula in Crohn's disease
Authors: Ballester‐Pla N. , Pous‐Serrano S. , Palasí‐Giménez R. , García‐Granero E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThe study reports an easy technique for surgical management of some forms of ileocolic fistula in Crohn's disease.MethodFive patients with Crohn's disease with ileocolic fistula (2011–2014) have been managed by the application of linear stapler devices.ResultsPostoperative course was satisfactory in all patients. At 1 year there was no evidence of stricture or fistula formation and no patient had required reoperation.ConclusionThe technique is easy and effective and can be used in open and laparoscopic surgery.
Reference values for left ventricular systolic synchrony according to phase analysis of ECG‐gated myocardial perfusion SPECT
Authors: Hämäläinen Hanna , Hedman Marja , Laitinen Tiina , Hedman Antti , Kivelä Antti , Laitinen Tomi 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe aim of this study was to define reference values for left ventricular systolic synchrony and for the volume parameters of the left ventricle using myocardial perfusion SPECT‐derived phase analysis method.MethodsWe evaluated data of 433 patients who underwent myocardial perfusion SPECT/CT during January 2012–February 2013 in Kuopio University Hospital. The final study population consisted of 52 patients (aged 42–84 years) who met the criteria: (1) no previously diagnosed cardiac disease, (2) normal ECG at rest, (3) no advanced coronary artery disease in CT and 4) normal myocardial perfusion in stress/rest myocardial perfusion SPECT/CT. The severity of mechanical dyssynchrony was assessed by phase analysis of gated myocardial SPECT at stress stage after pharmacological exercise and at rest using Quantitative Gated SPECT (QGS) software. Volume parameters of the left ventricle were also assessed.ResultsThe phase histogram bandwidth at rest was 28.0 [63.7] degrees (median [95th percentile]). The standard deviation of phase histogram at rest was 7.8 [26.5] degrees. Entropy at the rest study was 54.0 [63.7] %. All left ventricular dyssynchrony parameters were statistically significantly higher at stress compared to rest. There were no statistically significant differences in dyssynchrony values between men and women. In volume parameters, reference values in male were expectedly higher than in female. Cardiac output did not differ significantly between genders.ConclusionIn subjects without signs of cardiac diseases, the left ventricular systolic function is well synchronized. Phase analysis measurement does not depend on gender, age, BMI or blood pressure, but the values of dyssynchrony parameters increase during pharmacological stress.
Preserved dopaminergic homeostasis and dopamine‐related behaviour in hemizygous TH‐Cre mice
Authors: Runegaard Annika H. , Jensen Kathrine L. , Fitzpatrick Ciarán M. , Dencker Ditte , Weikop Pia , Gether Ulrik , Rickhag Mattias 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCre‐driver mouse lines have been extensively used as genetic tools to target and manipulate genetically defined neuronal populations by expression of Cre recombinase under selected gene promoters. This approach has greatly advanced neuroscience but interpretations are hampered by the fact that most Cre‐driver lines have not been thoroughly characterized. Thus, a phenotypic characterization is of major importance to reveal potential aberrant phenotypes prior to implementation and usage to selectively inactivate or induce transgene expression. Here, we present a biochemical and behavioural assessment of the dopaminergic system in hemizygous tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐Cre mice in comparison to wild‐type (WT) controls. Our data show that TH‐Cre mice display preserved dopaminergic homeostasis with unaltered levels of TH and dopamine as well as unaffected dopamine turnover in striatum. TH‐Cre mice also show preserved dopamine transporter expression and function supporting sustained dopaminergic transmission. In addition, TH‐Cre mice demonstrate normal responses in basic behavioural paradigms related to dopaminergic signalling including locomotor activity, reward preference and anxiolytic behaviour. Our results suggest that TH‐Cre mice represent a valid tool to study the dopamine system, though careful characterization must always be performed to prevent false interpretations following Cre‐dependent transgene expression and manipulation of selected neuronal pathways.
Forecasting financial time series using a methodology based on autoregressive integrated moving average and Taylor expansion
Authors: Zhang Guisheng , Zhang Xindong , Feng Hongyinping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFinancial time series prediction is regarded as one of the most challenging job because of its inherent complexity, and the hybrid forecasting model incorporating autoregressive integrated moving average and support vector machine (SVM) has been implemented widely to deal with the both linear and nonlinear patterns in time series data. However, the SVM model does not take into consideration the time correlation knowledge between different data points in time series, which impacts the learning efficiency of the SVM in real application. To overcome this restriction, this paper proposes the Taylor Expansion Forecasting model as an alternative to the SVM and develops a novel hybrid methodology via combining autoregressive integrated moving average and Taylor Expansion Forecasting to exploit the comprehensive forecasting capacity to the financial time series data with noise. Both theoretical proof and empirical results obtained on several commodity future prices demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model improves greatly the forecasting accuracy.
Cumulative effects matter: multi‐brood responses of Daphnia to hypoxia
Authors: Lyu Kai , Wang Qianqian , Yang Zhou , Montagnes David J. S. 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Periods of hypoxia lasting up to weeks are now anticipated in fresh waters, owing to anthropogenic influences. However, the cumulative effects of hypoxia on Daphnia, over multiple broods, have received virtually no attention, and to establish and evaluate such responses there is a need to make measurements over a wide range of oxygen concentrations, potentially revealing non‐linear patterns. We predict that the effect of hypoxia on growth, survival and fecundity (i.e., production of new individuals) of Daphnia will increase over multiple broods, and with increasing oxygen these responses will approach asymptotic maxima, following a rectangular hyperbolic response.

Daphnia similoides were exposed to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 8.0 mg oxygen L−1. To determine effects on the first brood we examined: number of offspring; time to the first eggs; time to the first brood and size of the female at the first eggs and the first brood. To determine cumulative effects of oxygen over multiple broods (up to 8 broods over 21 days), we measured: total number of offspring produced by a female; survival time and total number of moults and broods. To investigate how the cumulative effects arose over the multiple broods, we examined the number of offspring per brood in each brood over eight broods. To assess treatment effects and indicate responses, functions were fit to data using the most parsimonious function that reflected trends in the data.

Measurements associated with a single brood responded linearly, or not at all, with changing oxygen concentration, whereas measurements made over the 21 days followed a rectangular hyperbolic response, increasing to an asymptote as oxygen increased. For the first brood, as oxygen concentration was raised from 1 to 8 mg L−1 the number of offspring produced and the time required to produce the brood were not affected; the time required to produce eggs decreased ˜0.3‐fold; and the size of individuals at the time when the eggs and the brood were produced increased ˜0.1‐fold. Over the 21 days, between 1 and 8 mg L−1 the total number of offspring increased ˜3.4‐fold; individual survival and the number of moults increased ˜2‐fold, and the number of broods increased ˜1‐fold. For single‐brood responses, there was no effect of decreasing oxygen levels on the number of offspring in the first brood, but there were negative effects on the second‐to‐fourth broods; the number of offspring in the remaining broods was not significantly related to oxygen levels, as there were fewer data at low levels due to poor survival.

We conclude that assessments of Daphnia demographics should not rely on estimates of the effect of oxygen concentration on single broods. Instead, studies should consider cumulative changes over multiple broods. Following our approach, researchers may now explore the impacts of hypoxia on congeners and other zooplankton, and investigate the mechanisms associated with multi‐brood responses.
Individual variation in orientation promotes a 3000‐km latitudinal change in wintering grounds in a long‐distance migratory raptor
Authors: Mellone Ugo , Lucia Giuseppe , Mallìa Egidio , Urios Vicente 
Published: July 2016

Migrating juvenile birds rely on endogenous information in choosing the direction in which to fly, but such input may be overridden by social interactions with experienced individuals. We tagged seven juvenile Short‐toed EaglesCircaetus gallicuswithGPStransmitters in southern Italy. This trans‐Saharan migrant flies mainly by soaring and is therefore not well adapted to performing long water crossings. Five of the seven tagged juveniles used the longer but apparently safer route towards the Strait of Gibraltar, and two migrated along a southerly trajectory and subsequently spent the winter in Sicily, apparently forced to do so by the 150‐km‐wide Sicily Channel. One of these individuals took the longer route the following autumn. These results, combined with long‐term (15 years) visual field observations involving thousands of individuals, suggest that inexperienced Short‐toed Eagles may learn their migratory routes from experienced adults, whereas some of them migrate south in response to an innate orientation instinct. Transport costs, inherited information and geography apparently interact, forcing some Short‐toed Eagles to winter 3000 km to the north of the majority of their conspecifics.
Canopy Architecture and Leaf Nitrogen Distribution of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Chronic Soil Water Deficit
Authors: Okami M. , Kato Y. , Yamagishi J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe development of vertical gradients of specific leaf nitrogen (SLN) in accordance with light gradients within a canopy is important for maximising resource‐use efficiency. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effect of chronic soil water deficit on the SLN gradient in rice. In a series of field experiments, SLN gradients of an indica cultivar and a tropical japonica cultivar were investigated under chronic soil water deficit. As a result, SLN gradient of an indica cultivar tended to be more uniform than that of a tropical japonica cultivar during the recovery period after dry spells under aerobic conditions: an indica cultivar distributed much N in shaded leaves while a japonica cultivar enhanced the SLN in the upper layers. We conclude that vertical gradient of SLN of indica cultivars becomes less optimal for photo‐assimilation under chronic soil water deficit, although they can take‐up sufficient amounts of N. This would be attributable to the rapid increase in tiller number upon rainfall or irrigation and prolonged tillering period for their recovery growth, leading to a more compact canopy architecture. The tillering habit in the current indica irrigated rice cultivars would be associated with the response of SLN gradients to chronic soil water deficit.
Taxonomic and functional diversity patterns reveal different processes shaping European and Amazonian stream fish assemblages
Authors: Cilleros Kévin , Allard Luc , Grenouillet Gaël , Brosse Sébastien 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimDifferences in dispersal limitation and environmental filtering have been proposed to explain differences in diversity patterns between regions. Incorporating functional traits into studies of assembly rules allows the relative strengths of such processes to be distinguished. We test the predictions that assemblages in a similar environment under strong dispersal limitation should be differentiated taxonomically but not functionally, whereas strong environmental filtering should more differentiate assemblages functionally.LocationFrench Guiana and France.MethodsWe used two datasets on fish assemblage composition: one for French Guiana and one for continental France. We constrained both dataset to have similar geographical extent and similar environment using site location and topographic variables of the French Guiana dataset to select continental France data. We estimated functional diversity using a combination of 15 fish morphological traits. We computed species and functional richness at regional and local scales for both regions. We calculated taxonomic and functional turnover between sites and compared them within and between regions.ResultsTaxonomic and functional richness were higher in tropical fish assemblages than in temperate ones both on regional and local scales. Species richness differences between the two regions resulted in very similar functional richness. Temperate assemblages showed a higher functional turnover than tropical assemblages, but a lower taxonomic turnover. We found a stronger turnover in taxonomic diversity than in functional diversity between tropical assemblages, and the opposite pattern between temperate ones.Main conclusionsThe higher functional richness in tropical assemblages was mainly caused by an increased number of species compared to temperate assemblages, probably linked with an increase in available niches. Dispersal limitation was the predominant process in structuring Guianese stream fish assemblages causing strong species replacement, whereas French stream fish assemblages were mainly under strong environmental filtering resulting in local adaptations to different environments.
Why is the Court of Justice of the European Union not more Contested? Three Mechanisms of Opposition Abatement
Authors: Werner Benjamin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is famous for playing a central role in promoting the process of European integration. Although the Court has always been criticized for this pro‐integrationist role, Member States have never cut back the CJEU's power. Recently, however, the environment for legal integration has changed: the CJEU is dealing more and more with politically sensitive issues; and that in a period when the integration project as such is becoming increasingly contested. Contrary to the expectations of many scholars, this had not led to more resistance against the CJEU's case law or its power. This article approaches this surprising fact by investigating the CJEU's jurisprudence on Golden Shares, which has substantially reduced national competencies in the contentious issue of corporate control. It shows that the persistent acceptance of the CJEU can be explained with the low and manageable short‐term costs of legal integration.
When to invest in clinical guidelines for children? A practice oriented tool to facilitate decision‐making
Authors: Schalkers Inge , Enthoven Clair , Bunders Joske , Dedding Christine 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesChildren are not just small adults; they need to be diagnosed and treated in the context of their rapid growth and development. However, in guideline development, children's needs and interests are still overlooked. This study aims (1) to develop a tool that could stimulate guideline developers to take children into account on a more structural basis and (2) to explore how to facilitate children's participation in the process of guideline development.MethodsThe method used was a three‐phase multimethod sequential design. Professionals involved in guideline development participated in interviews (n = 12), filled in a questionnaire (n = 60) and/or participated in the focus group meeting (n = 11).ResultsThis study results in a comprehensive understanding of the considerations that professionals take into account when deciding whether guidelines need to apply to children specifically. This resulted in a tool that assists guideline developers to make this assessment more accurately. It takes the form of a flowchart that guides users through a series of critical questions.ConclusionsThe flowchart reminds guideline developers to consider children as a particular patient population when prioritizing and demarcating new guideline topics. It will help to ensure that clinical guidelines address children's unique health care needs and perspectives. Facilitating children's and parents' participation in the process of guideline development is perceived as challenging; nevertheless, it should be the next step in making paediatric guidelines more child‐centred and family‐centred.
A comprehensive theoretical framework for the implementation and evaluation of opt‐out HIV testing
Authors: Leidel Stacy , Leslie Gavin , Boldy Duncan , Girdler Sonya 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOpt‐out HIV testing (in which patients are offered HIV testing as a default) is a potentially powerful strategy for increasing the number of people who know their HIV status and thus limiting viral transmission. Like any change in clinical practice, implementation of opt‐out HIV testing in a health service requires a change management strategy, which should have theoretical support. This paper considers the application of three theories to the implementation and evaluation of an opt‐out HIV testing programme: Behavioural Economics, the Health Belief Model and Normalisation Process Theory. An awareness, understanding and integration of these theories may motivate health care providers to order HIV tests that they may not routinely order, influence their beliefs about who should be tested for HIV and inform the operational aspects of opt‐out HIV testing. Ongoing process evaluation of opt‐out HIV testing programmes (based on these theories) will help to achieve individual health care provider self‐efficacy and group collective action, thereby improving testing rates and health outcomes.
Waste Classification as a Craft under Construction: The Worker's Experience at Buenos Aires’ “Social Classification Plants”
Authors: Carenzo Sebastián 
Published: July 2016

ResumenEn este trabajo presentamos resultados de un análisis etnográfico realizado con habitantes del mayor relleno sanitario actualmente activo en el Gran Buenos Aires. Estas personas que se abastecían ingresando al basural, son quienes actualmente gestionan una de las “plantas de clasificación y separación” habilitadas dentro del relleno. El análisis sostiene la necesidad de recuperar los sentidos que estas personas conjugan para definir sus prácticas laborales, suspendiendo nociones preconstruídas como trabajo “informal” o “precario”. En particular destaca un sentido emergente por el cual estas labores de recuperación y clasificación de residuos adquieren la forma de un nuevo “oficio”. Nuestros datos señalan la necesidad de repensar en las etiquetas que circulan en el mundo del trabajo y que inciden en la configuración de políticas y programas. [Argentina, conflicto, política, trabajo]
The oligodendrocyte‐specific antibody ‘CC1’ binds Quaking 7
Authors: Bin Jenea M. , Harris Stephanie N. , Kennedy Timothy E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe mouse monoclonal antibody marketed as anti‐adenomatous polyposis coli clone CC1, often referred to as CC1, is the antibody most commonly used to specifically label mature oligodendrocytes without labeling myelin. Previous studies have shown that despite being raised against adenomatous polyposis coli, this antibody binds another unknown antigen. We show that the CC1 antibody binds Quaking 7, an RNA‐binding protein that is highly up‐regulated in myelinating oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system.
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The monoclonal antibody anti‐adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) clone CC1, is the antibody most commonly used to specifically label the cell bodies of mature oligodendrocytes. Despite being raised against APC, previous studies showed this antibody binds another unknown antigen. We show that the CC1 antibody binds Quaking (QKI) 7, an RNA‐binding protein which is highly up‐regulated in myelinating oligodendrocytes.