bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the multifaceted relationship between drought dynamics and conflicts
Authors: Suleymanov Firuz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDrought dynamics can be significantly influenced by conflicts, while drought itself has the potential to generate or exacerbate conflicts between parties involved. Interest in researching the dynamics of drought amidst conflict has significantly grown within academic circles, even though the existing literature remains fragmented regarding definitions, measurements, and the variables that influence this concept. Consequently, there is a necessity to consolidate existing knowledge in these areas and organize them systematically to establish a solid foundation in this field. I implemented a meticulously organized systematic review approach with content analysis. This study provides (1) a comprehensive summary of the literature on drought dynamics under the pressures of conflict spanning from January 2014 to May 2024, encompassing 46 articles, and (2) particular emphasis, within that summary, on mainly developing countries. I identify and analyse the conceptual, empirical and methodological approaches utilized in the examined literature, then integrate the overarching findings of the research. The primary research inquiries centre around uncovering significant findings and patterns from previous reviews, examining the geographical regions most explored in the context of drought‐conflict interactions, discerning similarities and disparities in findings across regions, and pinpointing deficiencies in the literature alongside areas necessitating additional exploration or theoretical advancement. A significant proportion of authors attribute drought primarily to climate change rather than human activities, while most scholars perceive drought as a catalyst for conflict rather than the reverse. Many researchers opt to utilize the terms ‘Drought’ and ‘Conflict’ in their studies over alternative options. The majority of studies focus on specific countries, with a noticeable increase in publications over recent years, particularly in the last 4 years. However, there remains a gap in geographical studies, with several countries receiving relatively fewer research endeavours.
Assessing effects of afforestation on streamflow in Uruguay: From small to large basins
Authors: Alonso Jimena , Silveira Luis , Vervoort R. Willem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough there is a general understanding of how afforestation impact on streamflow, there is also requirement for additional empirical data both on a small and large basins scale, primarily due to the significant variability found in global data sets. A multi‐method approach is proposed to understand the impact of plantation forest cover changes on stream flow, aiming to address individual approach weaknesses and enable cross‐validation. Focusing on Uruguay as a case study, the data based analysis indicated a significant decrease in streamflow within four highly afforested large basins of the north region, occurring approximately when the afforestation reached 15% of the total basin area. Also three of those basins showed a significant decreasing trend in streamflow after the change‐point. A stronger link between afforestation increase and lower runoff‐rainfall ratio was found in autumn‐winter season compared to spring–summer, due to higher soil water availability. The model residual approach effectively isolated land use and land cover effects in large basins with gradual afforestation, utilizing long data series. Consistently, statistically significant trends in the residual series indicated decreased streamflow in the after‐afforestation period in the four large basins. Finally a clear difference in the magnitude of the change emerged between the large and small basins, highlighting the influence of rainfall heterogeneity, landscape control and forest management on the scaling behaviour of streamflow and runoff ratio.
The Effect of Cigarettes Smoke on the Color and Properties of a Silicone for Maxillofacial Prostheses
Authors: Gradinariu Anca Irina , Racles Carmen , Stelea Carmen Gabriela , Stoica Iuliana , Silion Mihaela , Varganici Cristian‐Dragos , Pinteala Tudor , Jehac Alina Elena , Simionescu Ana‐Maria Andreea , Costan Victor Vlad 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough deterioration of silicone maxillofacial prostheses is severely accentuated in smoking patients, the phenomenon has not been systematically studied. To address a gap in the literature concerning the stability of maxillofacial prostheses during service, in this contribution, the effect of cigarette smoke on the aspect and physical properties of M511 silicone elastomer was evaluated. The aspect, surface, and overall properties of the silicone material, pigmented or not, were followed by AFM, color measurements, FTIR, water contact angle measurements, TGA‐DTG and DSC, hardness and compression stress–strain measurements. The types of the contaminants adsorbed were assessed by XRF, ESI‐MS, MALDI‐MS, and NMR spectral analyses. Important modifications in color, contact angle, surface roughness, local mechanical properties, and thermal properties were found in the silicone material for maxillofacial prostheses after exposure to cigarettes smoke. The presence of lead, nicotine, and several other organic compounds adsorbed into the silicone material was emphasized. Slight decrease in hardness and increase in Young's modulus was found. The combined data show important impact of cigarette smoke on the silicone physical properties and could indicate chemical transformations by secondary cross‐linking. To our knowledge, this is the first study making use of complementary physical methods to assess the effect of cigarette smoke on the aspect and integrity of silicone materials for maxillofacial prostheses.
Let‐7 reduces the proliferation and migration of oral cancer cells via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Kunshan , Zhang Jing , Jin Linyu , Xu Hui , Duan Yanhao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe involvement of let‐7 in the occurrence and progression of various cancers has been well‐documented. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its impact on oral cancer development remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of let‐7 in oral cancer progression and investigate its underlying molecular mechanisms. The expression of let‐7 and high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) mRNA was assessed using the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis was employed to detect the expression of key proteins in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as well as HMGA2 protein levels. The targeting relationship between let‐7 and HMGA2 was predicted through bioinformatics methods and confirmed via luciferase reporter gene assay. The effects of let‐7 and HMGA2 on the functionality of oral cancer cells were evaluated using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, colony formation assay, Transwell assay, wound healing assay, and Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay. Additionally, the impact of let‐7 on the growth of oral cancer cells in vivo was investigated by inducing subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice. Let‐7 effectively suppresses the proliferation, migration, and invasion of oral cancer cells by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. HMGA2, a downstream target gene of let‐7, exhibits high expression in oral cancer. However, overexpression of HMGA2 diminishes the inhibitory effects induced by let‐7 overexpression on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of oral cancer cells. The occurrence and progression of oral cancer cells are inhibited by Let‐7 through the downregulation of HMGA2, potentially mediated by the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation.
A novel genetic variant associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3: A case series
Authors: Quertermous Brooke P. , Hawkins Hayley J. , Schlotman Alyssa A. , Wang Huiying , Kemme Sarah , Pai Anita , Jitwongwai Settapong , Angkathunyakul Napat , Pongpaibul Ananya , Mohammad Saeed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProgressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC‐3) is a rare disorder characterized by chronic cholestasis usually progressing to end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) within the first two decades of life. PFIC‐3 is caused by pathogenic genetic variants of the ATP‐binding cassette 4 (ABCB4) gene with variable inheritance; the most common is autosomal recessive. We present two cases of PFIC‐3 with genetic testing confirming a novel genetic variant in ABCB4 with homozygous genotype c.779 T > C, p.L260P. Both individuals are from mainland Southeast Asia and have a clinical picture consistent with cholestasis progressing to ESLD.
The efficacy of aspirin versus low‐molecular‐weight heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after knee and hip arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Salman Loay A. , Altahtamouni Seif B. , Khatkar Harman , Al‐Ani Abdallah , Hameed Shamsi , Alvand Abtin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of aspirin versus low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) in preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) following hip and knee arthroplasty.MethodsPubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception till June 2024 for original trials investigating the outcomes of aspirin versus LMWH in hip and knee arthroplasty. The primary outcome was VTE. Secondary outcomes included minor and major bleeding events, and postoperative mortality within 90 days. This review was conducted per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.ResultsA total of 7 randomized controlled trials with 12,134 participants were included. The mean ages for the aspirin and LMWH cohorts were 66.6 (57.6–69.0) years and 66.8 (57.9–68.9) years, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall risk of VTE between the aspirin and the LMWH cohorts (odds ratio [OR]: 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48–1.89; p: 0.877). A subanalysis based on the specific VTE entity (pulmonary embolism [PE] or deep venous thrombosis) showed a significantly higher PE risk for patients receiving aspirin than the LMWH cohort (OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.11–2.89; p: 0.017). There was no difference in minor (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.40–1.04; p: 0.072) and major bleeding (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.40–1.47; p: 0.424) episodes across both groups. Furthermore, subanalysis among the total knee arthroplasty group showed that the aspirin cohort was significantly more likely to suffer VTEs than their LMWH counterparts (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.21–1.98; p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study demonstrated a significantly higher risk of PE among patients receiving aspirin compared to LMWH following hip or knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis. Aspirin was associated with a significantly higher overall VTE risk among patients undergoing knee arthroplasty, in particular. This might suggest the inferiority of aspirin compared to LMWH in preventing VTE following such procedures.Level of EvidenceLevel I.
Parameter identification using finite elements and full‐field data in the all‐at‐once context
Authors: Hartmann Stefan , Tröger Jendrik‐Alexander , Römer Ulrich , Wessels Henning 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMaterial parameter identification within the field of mechanics of materials is driven by different issues: experiments affecting the parameters, constitutive models describing the physical behavior of a material, discretization schemes for solving the initial boundary‐value problem of the underlying tests, as well as schemes calibrating the parameters at experimental observations. Furthermore, the question of the quality of the parameters must be addressed. The result concerns the issue of which influence parameter uncertainties have on the uncertainty of simulation results and can be addressed during validation. In this contribution, we provide a short overview of concurrent approaches to identify the parameters, where most of the methods can be distinguished into the reduced formulation, which is based on the implicit function theorem, and a particular form of the all‐at‐once approach. The latter represents the weighted sum of two contributions, first, the distances between physical state equations and zero, and, second, the distance between model response (simulation result) and experimental data. Since the formulation of the all‐at‐once approach is not well‐known in computational solid mechanics, it is investigated for the simple example of linear elasticity employing artificially noised data. It turns out that the all‐at‐once approach is not as robust as the well‐established reduced approach, especially for problems considering full‐field data. Moreover, a strong sensitivity to the noise and the initialization of the optimized parameters are observed indicating a pronounced ill‐posedness of the all‐at‐once formulation for specific applications.
Transparency as an empty signifier? Assessing transparency in EU and platform initiatives on online political advertising and actors
Authors: Meyer Trisha , Vetulani‐Cęgiel Agnieszka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates how the European Union (EU) and online platforms operationalise ‘political advertising’ and ‘transparency’ in a context of ongoing political and policy debates on regulating online platforms. We compare ongoing EU policy initiatives (revised Code of Practice on Disinformation and Regulation on the Transparency and Targeting of Political Advertising) against platform policies and practices (Google, Mastodon, Meta, Microsoft, Telegram, TikTok, Twitter/X) undertaken to moderate political actors and advertising. We argue that the concept of transparency is used as an ‘empty signifier’: meaningful at the political and declarative level but when translated into practice, leads to diverse results. The paper contributes to academic and policy debates on platform responsibility and political advertising transparency in light of the recent European elections and the future implementation of the Regulation on the Transparency and Targeting of Political Advertising.
Population pharmacokinetics of amodiaquine and piperaquine in African pregnant women with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infections
Authors: Ding Junjie , Hoglund Richard M. , Tagbor Harry , Tinto Halidou , Valéa Innocent , Mwapasa Victor , Kalilani‐Phiri Linda , Van Geertruyden Jean‐Pierre , Nambozi Michael , Mulenga Modest , Hachizovu Sebastian , Ravinetto Raffaella , D'Alessandro Umberto , Tarning Joel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArtemisinin‐based combination therapy (ACT) is the first‐line recommended treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties in pregnant women are often based on small studies and need to be confirmed and validated in larger pregnant patient populations. This study aimed to evaluate the PK properties of amodiaquine and its active metabolite, desethylamodiaquine, and piperaquine in women in their second and third trimester of pregnancy with uncomplicated P. falciparum infections. Eligible pregnant women received either artesunate‐amodiaquine (200/540 mg daily, n = 771) or dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine (40/960 mg daily, n = 755) for 3 days (NCT00852423). Population PK properties were evaluated using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling, and effect of gestational age and trimester was evaluated as covariates. 1071 amodiaquine and 1087 desethylamodiaquine plasma concentrations, and 976 piperaquine plasma concentrations, were included in the population PK analysis. Amodiaquine concentrations were described accurately with a one‐compartment disposition model followed by a two‐compartment disposition model of desethylamodiaquine. The relative bioavailability of amodiaquine increased with gestational age (1.25% per week). The predicted exposure to desethylamodiaquine was 2.8%–32.2% higher in pregnant women than that reported in non‐pregnant women, while day 7 concentrations were comparable. Piperaquine concentrations were adequately described by a three‐compartment disposition model. Neither gestational age nor trimester had significant impact on the PK of piperaquine. The predicted exposure and day 7 concentrations of piperaquine were similar to that reported in non‐pregnant women. In conclusion, the exposure to desethylamodiaquine and piperaquine was similar to that in non‐pregnant women. Dose adjustment is not warranted for women in their second and their trimester of pregnancy.
Experimental study on soil deformation caused by overexploitation of groundwater
Authors: Sun Lin , Wang Xiuyan , Wang Shuaiwei , Sun Weichao , Wang Jingjing , Di He 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to the overexploitation of deep groundwater, the largest cone of depression in the world has formed in the North China Plain. This led to severe geological hazards, including land subsidence and ground fissures, and also caused economic losses. The prevention and treatment of subsidence needs to rely on the accurate prediction of subsidence amount. According to the one‐dimensional consolidation theory and effective stress principle, combined with stratum structure, groundwater flow, stress distribution, and so forth, the high‐pressure consolidation test results of 569.6 m deep borehole soil samples are adopted; with a specific focus on stress and deformation parameters under exploitation of groundwater condition, the soil‐water coupling prediction model of groundwater level lowering depth and land subsidence has been established. Verification with measured subsidence data near the study sites demonstrated that the predicted curve is consistent with the measured one and the differences between them are acceptable. The model can be applied in different areas after making adjustment based on different regional stratigraphic structures. Its key advantage lies in the ability to provide land subsidence prediction for areas lacking monitoring data, making it highly valuable for widespread application.Practitioner Points
There is a compressible stratum structure; it is the internal factors of land subsidence.
The groundwater level decline causes the soil body stress to change. It is land subsidence of the external factors.
Based on the one‐dimensional consolidation theory and by combining stratigraphic structures, groundwater flow, and stress distribution, a ground settlement prediction model was established.
The non-haemorrhagic vagal response to trauma: a review of hypotensive and bradycardic responses to injury in the absence of bleeding
Authors: Woods Jonathan , Turner Jake , Hughes Amy , Davies Gareth , Grier Gareth 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Trauma has the potential to cause haemorrhage, tissue damage, pain, visceral manipulation and psychological distress. Each of these consequences of trauma can cause changes in autonomic outflow, which dictates a patient’s vital signs. Patients who are hypotensive and bradycardic due to a vagally mediated parasympathetic response to pain, psychological distress and visceral manipulation may be confused with those who exhibit bradycardia and hypotension following significant blood volume loss.

Methods
This review summarises literature that describes specific stimuli, patterns of injury and patient characteristics that are associated with a non-haemorrhagic vagal response to trauma.

Results
Twenty-six records described predominantly parasympathetic responses to trauma (both blunt and penetrating) and surgery (“iatrogenic trauma”). Such a non-haemorrhagic vagal response occurs following a wide variety of injury patterns. Patient age and sex are poor predictors of the likelihood of a non-haemorrhagic vagal response. The development and resolution of a non-haemorrhagic vagal response occurs over a heterogenous time period. It is unclear whether speed of onset and resolution is linked to the pattern of injury or other factors causing a predominantly parasympathetic response following non-haemorrhagic trauma.

Conclusion
The pattern of injury, patient demographic and speed of onset / resolution associated with the non-haemorrhagic vagal response to trauma may is heterogenous. It is therefore challenging to clinically distinguish between the hypotensive bradycardia due to hypovolaemia secondary to haemorrhage, or a parasympathetic response to trauma in the absence of bleeding.
The role of phase transformation (tetragonal – spinel) on the structural and mechanical properties of Ni doped CuFe2O4
Authors: Abdelhakim Nermin A. , Hemeda Osama M. , Shalaby Rizk M. , Mostafa M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNano-ferrites of Cu1–xNixFe2O4 (x = 0 to 1 with step 0.2) system was synthesized utilizing the flash auto combustion process annealed at 600oC for 3 h. The structural characterization for synthesized samples was carried out using x-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transition infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hardness of the prepared material was measured using micro-indentation creep technology. XRD pattern verified the creation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure. The undesired CuO phase forms around $$\:2\theta\:={50}^{^\circ\:}\:$$for pure Copper ferrite and decreases with increasing Ni content. The average crystalline size decreases from 27.92 nm to 13.28 nm by doping process from x = 0.2 to x = 1 which retards the growth of crystalline size. FTIR spectra are distinguished by the presence of two prominent absorption bands, ν2 for the octahedral site and ν1 for the tetrahedral site, in the range of approximately 593 and 471 cm− 1, respectively. FTIR analysis verified the formation of the ferrite system’s spinel structure. The TEM images show a nanocrystalline nature with some agglomeration and the crystallites are spherical in shape which their sizes are agrees well with that obtained from XRD measurements. The hardness decreases as the dwell time increases. The hardness and yield strength (Y) values were significantly improved due to the decrease in the crystallite size after Ni doping. The stress exponent (n) value increases by increasing Ni content which means that the mechanical properties improved due to increment of resistance.
Intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography for catheter placement verification in pediatric hydrocephalus: technical note
Authors: Krause Matthias , Lagumdzija Jasmina , Enzinger Simon , Wittig Jörn , Gaggl Alexander , Metzger Roman P. , Griessenauer Christoph J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVentriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement, essential for managing hydrocephalus, often risks catheter malpositioning, especially in patients with small ventricles. We present a novel technique combining neuronavigation with intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography using the BrainLab system and Loop-X mobile imaging unit. This approach enables real-time verification of catheter placement by integrating preoperative MRI data with intraoperative CT imaging. In a 12-year-old boy with therapy-refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension, neuronavigation was guided by the BrainLab Skull Fix and Cushing canula, ensuring precise catheter insertion into the right frontal horn. Post-placement, Loop-X facilitated immediate verification of the catheter’s trajectory and positioning, corroborated by postoperative MRI. This technique demonstrated high precision and minimized radiation exposure, emphasizing its utility in reducing revision rates due to suboptimal catheter placement.