bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INNER‐CITY REVITALIZATION IN CANADA: A VANCOUVER CASE STUDY
Authors: LEY DAVID 
Published: September 2017

The phenomenon of inner‐city revitalization has recently stimulated attention in a number of advanced nations. The argument is extended to the Canadian city through a discussion of the housing market in Vancouver's inner neighbourhoods. The problem of the erosion of modestly priced accommodation in the inner city is emphasized, suggesting that present trends may reinstitute a zone of privilege adjacent to the downtown core, substantially modifying the residential morphology and land use models inherited from the industrial city.Le phénomène de la revivification de l' intérieur urbain, depuis peu, attire l'attention dans certains pays avancés. L'exposé en vient au case de la ville canadienne par une discussion du marché de l'habitation des quartiers centraux de Vancouver. Le problème de l'érosion du logement de prix abordable est mis en relief. Les tendances actuelles se mblent évoluer vers le rétablissement d'une zone privilégiée adjacente au centre ville, modifiant sensiblement la morphologie résidentielle et les modéles d'utilisation du sol hérités de la ville industrielle.
Memory and Executive Functioning in 12‐Year‐Old Children With a History of Institutional Rearing
Authors: Bick Johanna , Zeanah Charles H. , Fox Nathan A. , Nelson Charles A. 
Published: September 2017

We examined visual recognition memory and executive functioning (spatial working memory [SWM], spatial planning, rule learning, and attention shifting) in 12‐year‐olds (n = 150) who participated in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, a randomized controlled trial of foster care for institutionally reared children. Similar to prior reports at 8 years of age, institutionally reared children showed significant deficits in visual recognition memory and SWM. Deficits in attention shifting and rule learning were also apparent at this time point. These data suggest that early experiences continue to shape the development of memory, learning, and executive functioning processes in preadolescence, which may explain broader cognitive and learning difficulties commonly associated with severe early life neglect.
Meta‐analysis of accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulas in short eyes
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Jiang Wu , Lin Tiao , Wu Xiaohang , Lin Haotian , Chen Weirong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractImportanceIntraocular lens (IOL) power selection is a critical factor affecting visual outcome after IOL implantation in short eyes. Many formulas have been developed to achieve a precise prediction of the IOL power. However, controversy regarding the accuracy remains.BackgroundTo investigate the accuracy of different IOL power calculation formulas in short eyes.DesignMeta‐analysis.ParticipantsPatients with the axial length of eyes less than 22 mm from previously reported studies.MethodsA comprehensive search in Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Data Base of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted by October 2016. We assessed the methodological quality using a modified QUADAS‐2 tool and performed analysis on weighted mean differences of mean absolute errors (MAE) among different formulas.Main Outcomes MeasuresThe between‐group difference of MAE was evaluated with weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsTen observational studies, involving 1161 eyes, were enrolled to compare six formulas: Haigis, Holladay 2, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, SRK/T and SRK II. Among them, the Holladay 2 introduced the smallest overall MAE (0.496D) without statistical significance. The difference of MAE is statistically significant between Haigis and Hoffer Q (mean difference = −0.07D, P = 0.003), Haigis and SRK/T (mean difference = −0.07D, P = 0.009), Haigis and SRK II (mean difference = −0.41D, P = 0.01). For publication bias and small‐study effect, neither funnel plot nor egger's test detected statistical finding.Conclusion and RelevanceThe overall evidence from the studies confirmed the superiority of Haigis over Hoffer Q, SRK/T and SRK II in prediction IOL power in short eyes.
The Translational Science Benefits Model: A New Framework for Assessing the Health and Societal Benefits of Clinical and Translational Sciences
Authors: Luke Douglas A. , Sarli Cathy C. , Suiter Amy M. , Carothers Bobbi J. , Combs Todd B. , Allen Jae L. , Beers Courtney E. , Evanoff Bradley A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report the development of the Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM), a framework designed to support institutional assessment of clinical and translational research outcomes to measure clinical and community health impacts beyond bibliometric measures. The TSBM includes 30 specific and potentially measurable indicators that reflect benefits that accrue from clinical and translational science research such as products, system characteristics, or activities. Development of the TSBM was based on literature review, a modified Delphi method, and in‐house expert panel feedback. Three case studies illustrate the feasibility and face validity of the TSBM for identification of clinical and community health impacts that result from translational science activities. Future plans for the TSBM include further pilot testing and a resource library that will be freely available for evaluators, translational scientists, and academic institutions who wish to implement the TSBM framework in their own evaluation efforts.
Impact of cardiac resynchronization therapy on mitral valve apparatus geometry and clinical outcomes in patients with secondary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Mihos Christos G. , Yucel Evin , Capoulade Romain , Orencole Mary P. , Upadhyay Gaurav A. , Santana Orlando , Singh Jagmeet P. , Picard Michael H. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may improve secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with cardiomyopathy. The effects on mitral valve (MV) and left ventricular (LV) geometry, however, have not been clearly defined.MethodsBetween 2009 and 2012, 229 CRT implants were performed at a single academic center. Seventy‐one had ≥mild MR at baseline and serial echocardiography, without subsequent MV intervention. The pre‐CRT and follow‐up echocardiograms were retrospectively reviewed for (1) MV and LV geometry measurements; (2) MR grade; and (3) LV remodeling indices.ResultsThe mean age was 67 ± 15 years, and the cardiomyopathy was ischemic in 37 (52%). At a mean follow‐up of 4.0 ± 1.9 years, there were significant improvements in LV ejection fraction and size, MR grade, MV tenting area and anterior leaflet tethering angle, and end‐systolic interpapillary muscle distance (IPMD), and reductions in moderate‐to‐severe or severe MR (27% vs 15%; P = .04) and New York Heart Association functional class III/IV symptoms (83% vs 41%; P < .001). Multivariable analysis revealed the pre‐CRT MV tenting height (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.56; P = .04) and end‐systolic IPMD (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.99–1.32; P = .08) as independently associated with moderate or greater MR at follow‐up. Finally, at 5 years post‐CRT implantation, the estimated survival and freedom from LV assist device or cardiac transplantation was 61%.ConclusionsCRT results in favorable effects on MV and LV geometry and decreases the prevalence of moderate‐to‐severe or severe MR and heart failure symptoms. The pre‐CRT MV tenting height and IPMD are independently associated with persistent MR at follow‐up.
The epidemiology of mandibular fractures in Caracas, Venezuela: Incidence and its combination patterns
Authors: Amarista Rojas Félix J. , Bordoy Soto María A. , Cachazo Morelba , Dopazo Juan R. , Vélez Henrique 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground/AimAs reported in the literature by several authors, there is a great variation between countries in terms of etiology and patterns of mandibular fractures. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of mandibular fractures at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, “Dr. Domingo Luciani” Hospital, Venezuela, during the period January 2010 to March 2013.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to assess the etiology of trauma, age group, gender, anatomic distribution of injury, and combination patterns by reviewing patients records.ResultsThere were 334 patients with 522 mandibular fractures averaging 1.56 fractures per patient. Eighty‐five percent of the patients were males with an overall male: female ratio of 6.15:1. The highest occurrence of trauma was in the 20–29 years (43.4%) age group. The etiology most frequently observed was motorcycle traffic accidents in 94 patients (28.1%), and the parasymphysis region was the most common location with 144 (27.6%) fractures. Almost half (48.8%) of the injuries were combined mandibular fractures with 29 different combinations, and the most common was a mandibular body fracture + parasymphysis fracture (22.1%).ConclusionMandibular fracture is a common facial injury with variable incidence and etiology across gender and age range. The findings of this study are similar to other studies and provide important clinical information that will assist in the treatment planning of these types of injuries.
Oral‐maxillofacial trauma of a geriatric population in a super‐ageing country
Authors: Ito Ryohei , Kubota Kosei , Inui Akinari , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Kon Takao , Narita Norihiko , Tamura Yoshihiro , Oyama Toshiaki , Satake Anna , Furudate Ken , Kobayashi Wataru 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground/AimWorld population has been ageing, and oral‐maxillofacial trauma of geriatric population is expected to increase. The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristic features of oral‐maxillofacial trauma in the geriatric population.Materials and MethodsData from 127 patients aged 65 years old or older, who were treated for oral‐maxillofacial trauma at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hirosaki University, from 2000 to 2014, were retrospectively analysed. The data from 292 patients aged 20‐64 years were used as a comparison.ResultsOral‐maxillofacial trauma in the geriatric population had been increasing over 15‐year period. The male to female ratio was 1.05:1 in the older group and 2.3:1 in the younger group. In the older group, 117 patients (92.1%) had one or more underlying systemic diseases, and 16 (12.6%) had suffered injuries in association with acute medical disorders. The most common injuries in the older group were bone fractures (46.5%). The ratio of fractures in the older group was lower than in the younger group (69.2%). Trauma in the older group most frequently occurred because of falls from a standing height or lower (52.0%), and the mandible was the most common site of fracture (74.6%). A conservative form of treatment for maxillofacial fractures was most commonly (86.4%) chosen for the older group, whilst surgical treatment was most commonly in the younger group (55.0%).ConclusionOral‐maxillofacial trauma in the geriatric population shows characteristic features in terms of aetiology, patterns and treatment modalities.
Healing of soft tissue lacerations in diabetic‐induced rats
Authors: Alzoubi Fawaz , Joseph Bobby , Andersson Lars 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground/AimPrevalence and incidence of diabetes are increasing and many dental trauma patients today have diabetes. The implications of delayed wound healing, associated with diabetes mellitus, on oral mucosal wound healing have not been investigated extensively. The aim of this study was to investigate the implications of diabetes mellitus on the cellular, vascular, and fibroblastic changes induced by laceration on the oral mucosa of Wistar rats.Materials and MethodsSixteen female Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two groups: 1. Experimental Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic group (8 rats). 2. Control group (8 rats). A standardized laceration injury was induced from the corner of the mouth to the mid‐check penetrating through dermal and oral mucosal contaminated by saliva. Samples were taken from the rats after sacrificing them on days 1,3,7, and 10. Inflammation was evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Two investigators evaluated samples in a blinded manner.ResultsHistology reports indicated delayed wound healing patterns in diabetic rats through days 1, 3, 7, and 10 when compared to controls. Inflammation was also noted to be consistently present more often in diabetic rats. Furthermore, polymorphonuclear cell count was consistently higher in diabetic rats.ConclusionThe results suggest that oral mucosa wound healing is delayed in diabetic Wistar rats compared to non‐diabetic rats in terms of wound closure, angiogenesis, and polymorphonuclear cells number. Furthermore, it is also suggested that wound healing is impaired both in the early and late stages of soft tissue wound healing.
Novel mutations in Thai patients with glanzmann thrombasthenia
Authors: Ittiwut Rungnapa , Suchartlikitwong Pintip , Kittikalayawong Yaowaree , Ittiwut Chupong , Prasopsanti Karan , Sosothikul Darintr , Shotelersuk Vorasuk , Suphapeetiporn Kanya 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesGlanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is an autosomal recessive platelet disorder, caused by defects of the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIb/IIIa) resulting from pathogenic mutations in either ITGA2B or ITGB3. It is characterized by spontaneous mucocutaneous bleeding. The molecular features of GT in Thailand have not been identified.This study aimed to determine the clinical and molecular features of unrelated Thai patients with GT.MethodsFour patients with clinically suspected GT were recruited at the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. The diagnosis was based on clinical and hematological parameters as well as genetic analysis. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in all cases.ResultsOf the four patients studied, the median age at first suspicion of GT was 2.5 years. All presented with severe bleeding symptoms (WHO bleeding scale 3). Flow cytometry to assess the surface GPIIb/IIIa complex showed reduced expression. By WES, we successfully identified seven mutant alleles in ITGA2B. One alteration, the c.2915dup (p.Leu973Alafs*63), was detected in two unrelated families. One patient was homozygous for the c.617T>A (p.Val206Asp). Of the five different mutations, three have never been previously described. These include a missense, c.617T>A (p.Val206Asp), a deletion, c.1524_1533del (p.Gln508Hisfs*3), and a nonsense, c.2344C>T (p.Arg782Ter).ConclusionThis study reported three novel mutations expanding the genotypic spectrum of ITGA2B causing GT.
Effect of reduced‐intensity conditioning and the risk of late‐onset non‐infectious pulmonary complications in pediatric patients
Authors: Nagasawa Masayuki , Mitsuiki Noriko , Aoki Yuki , Ono Toshiaki , Isoda Takeshi , Imai Kohsuke , Takagi Masatoshi , Kajiwara Michiko , Kanegane Hirokazu , Morio Tomohiro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveLate‐onset non‐infectious pulmonary complications (LONIPCs) contribute to higher morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Therefore, we investigated the risk factors of LONIPCs in pediatric patients.MethodBetween 2001 and 2011, 74 pediatric patients (range, 7 months to 22.7 years old; median 6.5 years old), including 29 with a primary immunodeficiency, underwent 80 allo‐HSCTs at our institution. Sixty‐seven patients who survived more than 3 months after allo‐HSCT were analyzed retrospectively. The median follow‐up period was 1 973 days (range, 126‐5 145 days).ResultsNine patients (13.4%) developed LONIPCs between 90 and 3 578 days after allo‐HSCT. A myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen and chronic GVHD were determined as significant risk factors of LONIPCs. None of 18 patients who received the reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen developed LONIPCs, although there was no difference in overall survival between the MAC and RIC regimen. Notably, two immunodeficient patients who received busulfan‐based MAC regimen under 2 years old developed LONIPC with no history of chronic GVHD after 5 years and 10 years from SCT, respectively, suggesting the direct toxicity of busulfan.ConclusionOur study's findings indicate that the RIC regimen reduces the risk of LONIPCs in pediatric patients.
Trial‐by‐trial co‐variation of pre‐stimulusEEGalpha power and visuospatial bias reflects a mixture of stochastic and deterministic effects
Authors: Benwell Christopher S. Y. , Keitel Christian , Harvey Monika , Gross Joachim , Thut Gregor 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHuman perception of perithreshold stimuli critically depends on oscillatoryEEGactivity prior to stimulus onset. However, it remains unclear exactly which aspects of perception are shaped by this pre‐stimulus activity and what role stochastic (trial‐by‐trial) variability plays in driving these relationships. We employed a novel jackknife approach to link single‐trial variability in oscillatory activity to psychometric measures from a task that requires judgement of the relative length of two line segments (the landmark task). The results provide evidence that pre‐stimulus alpha fluctuations influence perceptual bias. Importantly, a mediation analysis showed that this relationship is partially driven by long‐term (deterministic) alpha changes over time, highlighting the need to account for sources of trial‐by‐trial variability when interpretingEEGpredictors of perception. These results provide fundamental insight into the nature of the effects of ongoing oscillatory activity on perception. The jackknife approach we implemented may serve to identify and investigate neural signatures of perceptual relevance in more detail.
Homogeneous processing in the striatal direct and indirect pathways: single body part sensitive type IIb neurons may express either dopamine receptor D1 or D2
Authors: Coffey Kevin R. , Nader Miles , Bawa Jasmeet , West Mark O. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStriatal medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) output through two diverging circuits, the ‘direct and indirect pathways’ which originate from minimally overlapping populations of MSNs expressing either the dopamine receptor D1 or the dopamine receptor D2. One modern theory of direct and indirect pathway function proposes that activation of direct pathway MSNs facilitates output of desired motor programs, while activation of indirect pathway MSNs inhibits competing motor programs. A separate theory suggests that coordinated timing or synchrony of the direct and indirect pathways is critical for the execution of refined movements. These hypotheses are made testable by a common type of striatal neuron known as type IIb MSNs. Clusters of these MSNs exhibit phasic increases in firing rate related to sensorimotor activity of single body parts. If these MSNs were to reside in only the direct pathway, evidence would be provided that D1 MSNs are ‘motor program’ specific, which would lend credence to the ‘competing motor programs’ hypothesis. However, if type IIb MSNs reside in both pathways, evidence would be provided for the ‘coordinated timing or synchrony’ hypothesis. Our results show that type IIb neurons may express either D1 or D2. This evidence supports the theory that the coordinated timing or synchrony of the direct and indirect pathways is critical for refined movements. We also propose a model in which the direct and indirect pathways act as a differentiator circuit, providing a possible mechanism by which coordinated activity of D1 and D2 neurons may output meaningful somatosensorimotor information to downstream structures.
The involvement of centralized and distributed processes in sub‐second time interval adaptation: an ERP investigation of apparent motion
Authors: Kaya Utku , Yildirim Fazilet Zeynep , Kafaligonul Hulusi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that the timing of brief stationary sounds affects visual motion perception. Recent studies have shown that auditory time interval can alter apparent motion perception not only through concurrent stimulation but also through brief adaptation. The adaptation after‐effects for auditory time intervals was found to be similar to those for visual time intervals, suggesting the involvement of a central timing mechanism. To understand the nature of cortical processes underlying such after‐effects, we adapted observers to different time intervals using either brief sounds or visual flashes and examined the evoked activity to the subsequently presented visual apparent motion. Both auditory and visual time interval adaptation led to significant changes in the ERPs elicited by the apparent motion. However, the changes induced by each modality were in the opposite direction. Also, they mainly occurred in different time windows and clustered over distinct scalp sites. The effects of auditory time interval adaptation were centred over parietal and parieto‐central electrodes while the visual adaptation effects were mostly over occipital and parieto‐occipital regions. Moreover, the changes were much more salient when sounds were used during the adaptation phase. Taken together, our findings within the context of visual motion point to auditory dominance in the temporal domain and highlight the distinct nature of the sensory processes involved in auditory and visual time interval adaptation.
Unveiling neural coupling within the sensorimotor system: directionality and nonlinearity
Authors: Yang Yuan , Dewald Julius P. A. , van der Helm Frans C. T. , Schouten Alfred C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNeural coupling between the central nervous system and the periphery is essential for the neural control of movement. Corticomuscular coherence is a popular linear technique to assess synchronised oscillatory activity in the sensorimotor system. This oscillatory coupling originates from ascending somatosensory feedback and descending motor commands. However, corticomuscular coherence cannot separate this bidirectionality. Furthermore, the sensorimotor system is nonlinear, resulting in cross‐frequency coupling. Cross‐frequency oscillations cannot be assessed nor exploited by linear measures. Here, we emphasise the need of novel coupling measures, which provide directionality and acknowledge nonlinearity, to unveil neural coupling in the sensorimotor system. We highlight recent advances in the field and argue that assessing directionality and nonlinearity of neural coupling will break new ground in the study of the control of movement in healthy and neurologically impaired individuals.