bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous termination of ventricular tachycardia in the human heart
Authors: Hayashi Takahiro , Denham Nathan , Nettlefold Chloe , Kakarla Jayant , Anderson Robert , Bhaskaran Abhishek , Massé Stéphane , Downar Eugene , Nanthakumar Kumaraswamy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding the spatiotemporal location of the spontaneous termination of ventricular tachycardia (VT) may provide new insights for ablation. To test the hypothesis that spontaneous VT termination most frequently occurs at the VT exit due to source‐sink mismatch and to characterize electrophysiological properties of the sites termination during VT and with extra‐stimulus technique.MethodsRetrospective analysis of intraoperative mapping studies of nine patients with ischemic cardiopathy or repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Simultaneous endocardial and epicardial mapping was performed in both ventricles using a custom mapping array during VT. Electrogram (EGM) characteristics before and at the moment of termination were analyzed including: cycle length oscillations, EGM heterogeneity and a variation in the systolic/diastolic path. The decrements to extra stimulus were analysed for termination sites and other diastolic sites.ResultsNine VTs in seven patients demonstrated spontaneous VT termination. Seven VTs (77.8%) spontaneously terminated in the final third of the systolic interval, one (11.1%) in early diastole and one (11.1%) in mid diastole. Cycle length oscillations (prolongation, shortening, and no change) were seen in equal frequency. Four VTs (44.4%) showed alternans in the local EGM at the site of termination and this was more prevalent than alternans at other sites in the diastolic pathway (p < .001). Only one‐third of VTs showed a change in activation pattern before termination. There was no difference based on etiology. During substrate characterization with extra‐stimulus pacing, sites of spontaneous termination showed greater decrement than other sites of the VT circuit during pacing (43.5 ± 14.5 ms vs. 31.2 ± 31.2 ms; p = .003).ConclusionThe entrance zone rather than the exit is the commonest site for the spontaneous termination of VT in the human heart. These sites tend to demonstrate EGM alternans during VT and greater decrement during extrastimulus pacing. These findings may help guide future studies into improving the success of VT ablation.
Double Monolithic Protocol: The Solution to Fluorescence Limitations
Authors: Somoza‐Román Jacobo , Tapia Guadix Javier , Muñoz‐Soto Esther , Almeida Gabriela , Falacho Rui I. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe present paper aims to demonstrate the incorporation of the double monolithic protocol (DMP) into a chairside digital workflow to reproduce the fluorescence properties of natural teeth with chairside monolithic restorations when exposed to different light sources.Clinical ConsiderationsA female patient reporting dissatisfaction with her upper anterior teeth was rehabilitated using seven veneers and a three‐element bridge. The DMP was applied to the bridge, which consisted of a primary lithium disilicate framework to which leucite‐reinforced glass ceramic veneers were cemented. The fluorescence of the different substrates and ceramic restorations was evaluated throughout the rehabilitation process, under 365 and 405 nm light.ConclusionsThe DMP allows chairside procedures to be optimized by achieving predictable, mechanically resistant, and esthetic restorations.Clinical SignificanceThe DMP is a new chairside solution for developing ceramic restorations with optimal esthetics and combined mechanical properties, eliminating the need for sintering or glazing procedures.
Evaluating effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on American black bear occupancy in northern Georgia, USA
Authors: Myers J. B. , Perea S. , Johannsen K. L. , Rushton E. , Conner L. M. , Castleberry S. B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough previously close to extirpation in the southeastern United States, American black bear (Ursus americanus) abundance and distribution have increased with habitat management and harvest regulation. The north Georgia black bear population, the most abundant and widely distributed in the state, is currently being exposed to pressures from increasing anthropogenic disturbances, such as recreation and vehicle traffic. We evaluated the effects of environmental factors and anthropogenic activity on habitat use of black bears within a wildlife management area open to public recreation. We used detection/non‐detection data from camera surveys conducted at 448 locations from April to December 2023 to fit hierarchical single‐species occupancy models. Black bear detection was best explained by Julian date, its quadratic effect, and weekly human activity index. Detection increased through the spring, peaked in June, and declined throughout late summer and fall. In contrast to detection, occupancy was not affected by seasonal differences in black bear activity. Occupancy increased with increasing elevation, distance to water, and distance to high‐use recreation areas. The spatial distribution of food resources likely contributed to the observed black bear occupancy pattern related to elevation and distance to water, while human disturbance in the study area also influenced black bear occupancy. Thus, our results suggest that in a landscape open to public recreation, black bear occupancy was driven by a combination of environmental and anthropogenic factors. Identifying patterns of occupancy at a scale typical of management provides important information for managing black bear populations throughout the large, connected network of national forests in the Appalachian region.
Co‐occurrence in snake and lizard sister species is unrelated to major ecomorphological traits
Authors: Shinde A. , Davies T. J. , Roll U. , Meiri S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnvironmental factors and interspecific interactions, such as competition and facilitation, can shape species' geographic ranges. Here, we tested the relationship between geographic range overlap of squamate sister species, and their divergence in body size, diel activity, and microhabitat use. Competition theory predicts that sister species with similar traits will overlap less geographically than sister pairs with dissimilar traits. However, similar distributions may present similar selective pressures and favour similar adaptations, such that habitat filtering may result in species with more similar traits in sympatry. Across 1434 sister species contrasts, we found little relationship between range overlap and niche divergence. In some models, the divergence in body size and microhabitat use marginally increased with sympatry, while in other models, sympatric sisters had similar activity times. However, the low R‐squared values of almost all these models lend only weak support to predictions from competition or habitat filtering theories. Sympatric sister species within the same biome showed more similar activity times than expected, lending some support to habitat filtering. Niche divergence in allopatry or sympatry, as calculated using a multi‐trait dissimilarity index, did not show a phylogenetic signal, and niches of sister species from different squamate clades did not deviate significantly from the null expectation. Overall, niche divergence or convergence, across the axes we explored, is not a prerequisite for regional species co‐occurrence. We suggest here that the lack of consistent support for either limiting similarity or habitat filtering may reflect that both these forces act as transient phenomena. More fine‐grained analyses, in space and time, would be needed to detect their fingerprints. Thus, coexistence in the face of competition can arise due to various evolutionary and biogeographic mechanisms, acting concurrently or asynchronously.
Genome‐wide population affinities and signatures of adaptation in hydruntines, sussemiones and Asian wild asses
Authors: Pan Jianfei , Liu Xuexue , Baca Mateusz , Calvière‐Tonasso Laure , Schiavinato Stéphanie , Chauvey Loreleï , Tressières Gaétan , Perdereau Aude , Aury Jean‐Marc , Oliveira Pedro H. , Wincker Patrick , Abdykanova Aida , Arsuaga Juan Luis , Bayarsaikhan Jamsranjav , Belinskiy Andrey B. , Carbonell Eudald , Davoudi Hossein , Lira Garrido Jaime , Gilbert Allan S. , Hermes Taylor , Warinner Christina , Kalmykov Alexey A. , Lordkipanidze David , Mackiewicz Paweł , Mohaseb Azadeh F. , Richter Kristine , Sayfullaev Nuritdin , Shapiro Beth , Shnaider Svetlana , Southon John , Stefaniak Krzysztof , Summers Geoffrey D. , van Asperen Eline Naomi , Vanishvili Nikoloz , Hill Eden A. , Kuznetsov Pavel , Reinhold Sabine , Hansen Svend , Mashkour Marjan , Berthon Rémi , Taylor William Timothy Treal , Houle Jean‐Luc , Hekkala Evon , Popović Danijela , Orlando Ludovic 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe extremely rich palaeontological record of the horse family, also known as equids, has provided many examples of macroevolutionary change over the last ~55 Mya. This family is also one of the most documented at the palaeogenomic level, with hundreds of ancient genomes sequenced. While these data have advanced understanding of the domestication history of horses and donkeys, the palaeogenomic record of other equids remains limited. In this study, we have generated genome‐wide data for 25 ancient equid specimens spanning over 44 Ky and spread across Anatolia, the Caucasus, Central Asia and Mongolia. Our dataset includes the genomes from two extinct species, the European wild ass, Equus hydruntinus, and the sussemione Equus ovodovi. We document, for the first time, the presence of sussemiones in Mongolia and their survival around ~3.9 Kya, a finding that should be considered when discussing the timing of the first arrival of the domestic horse in the region. We also identify strong spatial differentiation within the historical ecological range of Asian wild asses, Equus hemionus, and incomplete reproductive isolation in several groups yet considered as different species. Finally, we find common selection signatures at ANTXR2 gene in European, Asian and African wild asses. This locus, which encodes a receptor for bacterial toxins, shows no selection signal in E. ovodovi, but a 5.4‐kb deletion within intron 7. Whether such genetic modifications played any role in the sussemione extinction remains unknown.
Clarifying and expanding equity in assessment by considering three orientations: Fairness, inclusion and justice
Authors: Kakara Anderson Hannah L. , Govaerts Marjan , Abdulla Layla , Balmer Dorene F. , Busari Jamiu O. , West Daniel C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractContextDespite increasing discussion and scholarship, equity in assessment is rarely defined and distinguished in a way that allows for shared understanding in medical education. This paper seeks to clarify and expand the conversation about equity in assessment by critically reviewing three distinct and evolving orientations toward equity in assessment. Orientations refers to the positions, attitudes, interests or priorities individuals can hold toward equity in assessment. The three orientations include fairness‐oriented assessment, assessment for inclusion and justice‐oriented assessment. While fairness‐oriented assessment is a prevailing orientation in medical education, assessment for inclusion and justice‐oriented assessment, originally developed in other fields of education, deserve careful consideration.MethodsIn this paper, the authors explore unique underpinning assumptions of each orientation by critically examining the foundational literature of each orientation. They reflect on the unique perspectives each orientation provides, including the actions one might take and what advantages and disadvantages might result from looking at equity in assessment from any one orientation.ConclusionsInformed by this reflection, the authors propose that to more effectively advance equity in assessment in medical education, those working in the field should clearly identify their respective orientations, intentionally choose methods, tools and measures aligned with their orientations and expand their work by exploring alternative orientations.
Small Regulatory RNAs of the Rsm Clan in Pseudomonas
Authors: Gallegos María Trinidad , Garavaglia Matías , Valverde Claudio 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBacteria of the genus Pseudomonas are ubiquitous on Earth due to their great metabolic versatility and adaptation to fluctuating environments and different hosts. Some groups are important animal/human and plant pathogens, whereas others are studied for their biotechnological applications, including bioremediation, biological control of phytopathogens and plant growth promotion. Notably, their adaptability is mediated by various signal transduction systems, with the post‐transcriptional Gac‐Rsm cascade playing a key role. This pervasive Pseudomonas pathway controls major transitions at the population level, such as motile/sessile lifestyle, primary/secondary metabolism or replicative/infective behaviour. A hallmark of the Gac‐Rsm cascade is the participation of small, regulatory, non‐coding RNAs of the Rsm clan. These RNAs are synthetised in response to cell‐density‐dependent autoinducer signals channelled through the GacS/GacA two‐component system, and they counteract, by molecular mimicry, the translational control that RNA‐binding proteins of the RsmA family exert over hundreds of mRNAs. Rsm RNAs have been investigated in a few Pseudomonas model species, evidencing the presence of a variable number and families of genes depending on the taxonomic clade. However, the global picture of the distribution of these riboregulators at the genus level was unknown until now. We have undertaken a comprehensive survey and annotation of the vast array of gene sequences encoding members of the Rsm RNA clan in 245 complete genomes that cover 28 phylogenomic clades across the entire genus. The properties of the different families of rsm genes, their phylogenetic radiation, as well as the features of their promoters and adjacent regions, are discussed. The novel insights presented in our manuscript will significantly boost research on the biology of these prevalent RNAs in understudied species of the genus Pseudomonas and closely related genera.
Chromoblastomycosis: A Single Centre Clinical Laboratory Experience of Seven Years (2016–2022) and Literature Review From Pakistan
Authors: Zeeshan Mohammad , Fatima Saira , Farooqi Joveria , Owais Rabiya , Ahmed Arsalan , Jabeen Kausar , Zafar Afia 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundChromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue. CBM cases have been reported in local literature from Pakistan with heterogenous demographic, diagnostic and therapeutic information. The objective of this study is to share the experience of CBM from a large tertiary care hospital laboratory in Pakistan.MethodThis was a retrospective observational study. Histopathology and microbiology data of suspected CBM between 2016 and 2022 was retrieved. Patients' demographics, site of involvement, histopathological findings and positive microbiology cultures were assessed. Literature search on Google Scholar, PubMed and PakMediNet was done between 1990 and 2023 with multiple terms.ResultA total of 16 CBM cases were identified; 14 were histopathology positive and two were both histopathology and culture positive. The median age was 21 years, and 11 patients were male. The predominant site was lower extremities followed by the face. Severe acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and granuloma with sclerotic bodies were observed in all histopathology slides. Alternaria spp. and Phialophora spp. were isolated from two culture‐positive cases. A total of nine cases of CBM were reported from Pakistan in PubMed non‐indexed journal.ConclusionCBM is not a commonly thought of disease when evaluating skin lesions in Pakistan. A high index of suspicion when assessing patients who may have a history of trauma, exposure to soil and suggestive lesions is reasonable. An integrated approach between clinicians, histopathologist and microbiologist is required to do early identification and therapeutic interventions.
School feeding for improving child nutrition in conflict‐affected settings: Feasibility and cost efficiency of alternative models in Yemen
Authors: Bliznashka Lilia , Elsabbagh Dalia , Kurdi Sikandra , Ecker Olivier , Gelli Aulo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSchool feeding programs can support children's nutrition, health, and education in emergencies. This study assessed the feasibility, trade‐offs, cost efficiency, and perceived benefits of school feeding modalities operating in urban Yemen. It draws on primary data from a qualitative evaluation with 21 school feeding implementers and 88 beneficiaries conducted in Feb–Mar 2023, and secondary data from a desk review of published and program literature on school feeding operations. Results showed that school feeding provided students with on average 18%, 40%, and 66% of daily energy, protein, and micronutrient requirements, respectively. Models including fortified snacks were 3–11 times more cost‐efficient in terms of nutrient delivery. The most prominent strength of the models examined were the perceived benefits on child, family, and financial outcomes. Among the main weaknesses was the poor nutritional quality of the meal, which in turn emerged as a primary opportunity to improve school feeding through hybrid models providing a combination of fortified snacks and healthy meals. Other weaknesses such as poor water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure, and desired improvements such as the school kitchen and canteen, require considerable investments. Hybrid models are cost‐efficient, acceptable, and feasible in Yemen and can serve the diet and nutrition needs of school‐aged children.
Lost in translation? Qualitative interviews with Australian psychedelic‐assisted therapy trial clinicians
Authors: Barber Michaela , Gardner John , Liknaitzky Paul , Carter Adrian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPolicy changes in Australia mean that psychedelic‐assisted therapy (PAT) is now available to consumers outside of clinical trials. Yet, the regulatory frameworks guiding the practice of PAT are underdeveloped, and the evidence base for guiding clinical practice is diverse and emerging, resulting in anticipated challenges in translation to community practice. Mental health clinicians who have experience delivering PAT in clinical trials are likely to be at the forefront of community practice and training, and influential in discussions about implementation. Yet little is known of their perspectives, preferences, and practices associated with the implementation of PAT.MethodInterviews with 11 clinicians working on clinical trials of PAT were thematically analysed.ResultsFour themes were identified, describing the therapeutic frames that interviewees used to understand PAT and shaped their views on its interface with the mental health system: (1) therapeutic eclecticism, (2) enhanced reflexivity for PAT providers, (3) legitimisation of extra‐medical perspectives in mental health, and (4) what might be lost in translation?ConclusionWe argue that clinicians' perspectives on PAT are reflective of existing tensions between a medical model of mental health care and other psychosocial, relational models. Therapists' ideals for the delivery of PAT can be conceptualised as a sort of ‘enhanced care’ approach, but workforce development and economic constraints are likely to challenge the accessible and impactful translation of this vision.
High‐quality haplotype‐resolved chromosome assembly provides evolutionary insights and targeted steviol glycosides (SGs) biosynthesis in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni
Authors: Masand Mamta , Sharma Shikha , Kumari Sangeeta , Pal Poonam , Majeed Aasim , Singh Gopal , Sharma Ram Kumar 
Published: September 2024

SummaryStevia rebaudiana Bertoni is popular source of plant‐derived low/no‐calorie natural sweeteners (LNCSs), collectively known as steviol glycosides (SGs). Nevertheless, genetic predisposition for targeted biosynthesis of SGs is complex due to multi‐substrate functionality of key uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Here, we created a high‐quality monoploid assembly of 1.34 Gb with N50 value of 110 Mb, 55 551 predicted protein‐coding genes, and ~80% repetitive regions in Rebaudioside‐A (Reb‐A) enriched cultivar of S. rebaudiana. Additionally, a haplotype‐based chromosome assembly consisting of haplotype A and haplotype B with an overall genome size of 2.33Gb was resolved, harbouring 639 634 variants including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), indels and structural variants (SVs). Furthermore, a lineage‐specific whole genome duplication analysis revealed that gene families encoding UGTs and Cytochrome‐P450 (CYPs) were tandemly duplicated. Additionally, expression analysis revealed five tandemly duplicated gene copies of UGT76G1 having significant correlations with Reb‐A content, and identified key residue (leu200val) in the glycosylation of Reb‐A. Furthermore, missense variations identified in the acceptor region of UGT76G1 in haplotype resolve genome, transcriptional and molecular docking analysis were confirmed with resequencing of 10 diverse stevia genotypes (~25X). Gene regulatory network analysis identified key transcription factors (MYB, bHLH, bZIP and AP2‐ERF) as potential regulators of SG biosynthesis. Overall, this study provides haplotype‐resolved chromosome‐level genome assembly for genome editing and enhancing breeding efforts for targeted biosynthesis of SGs in S. rebaudiana.
An In Vivo Study of LNS8801, a GPER Agonist, in a Spontaneous Melanoma‐Prone Mouse Model, TGS
Authors: Marinaro Christina , Sauer John , Natale Christopher A. , Ridky Todd , Chen Suzie 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMelanoma is the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer that arises from the transformation of melanocytes, the pigment producing cells of the skin. In the year 2024 there will be approximately 10,000 new cases of melanoma diagnosed and approximately 8,000 deaths attributed to melanoma in the United States. In this study we treated a group of male and female transgenic mice that spontaneously develop metastatic melanoma, TGS, with a G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor agonist LNS8801 to assess the efficacy on disease progression. A second group of male and female TGS mice was also exposed to UVB irradiation to mimic exposure to sunlight. Over the course of the 32‐week experiment, visible images were taken by the small animal imaging IVIS system to track tumor progression, and blood and tissue samples were collected for molecular analyses. Results showed that sex‐biased effects were observed in the efficacy of LNS8801 and that LNS8801 shows a UV‐protective influence in both male and female TGS mice.
What is conceptual engineering good for? The argument from nameability
Authors: Koch Steffen , Lupyan Gary 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is often assumed that how we talk about the world matters a great deal. This is one reason why conceptual engineers seek to improve our linguistic practices by advocating novel uses of our words, or by inventing new ones altogether. A core idea shared by conceptual engineers is that by changing our language in this way, we can reap all sorts of cognitive and practical benefits, such as improving our theorizing, combating hermeneutical injustice, or promoting social emancipation. But how do changes at the linguistic level translate into any of these worthwhile benefits? In this paper, we propose the nameability account as a novel answer to this question. More specifically, we argue that what linguistic resources are readily available to us directly affects our cognitive performance on various categorization‐related tasks. Consequently, our performance on such tasks can be improved by making controlled changes to our linguistic resources. We argue that this account supports and extends recent motivations for conceptual engineering, as categorization plays an important role in both theoretical and practical contexts.