bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Natural Antimicrobial Delivery Systems for Microbial Safety and Quality of Fresh‐Cut Lettuce
Authors: Hill Laura E. , Oliveira Daniela A. , Hills Katherine , Giacobassi Cassie , Johnson Jecori , Summerlin Harvey , Taylor T. Matthew , Gomes Carmen L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNanoencapsulation can provide a means to effectively deliver antimicrobial compounds and enhance the safety of fresh produce. However, to date there are no studies which directly compares how different nanoencapsulation systems affect fresh produce safety and quality. This study compared the effects on quality and safety of fresh‐cut lettuce treated with free and nanoencapsulated natural antimicrobial, cinnamon bark extract (CBE). A challenge study compared antimicrobial efficacy of 3 different nanoencapsulated CBE systems. The most effective antimicrobial treatment against Listeria monocytogenes was chitosan‐co‐poly‐N‐isopropylacrylamide (chitosan‐PNIPAAM) encapsulated CBE, with a reduction on bacterial load up to 2 log10 CFU/g (P < 0.05) compared to the other encapsulation systems when fresh‐cut lettuce was stored at 5 °C and 10 °C for 15 d. Subsequently, chitosan‐PNIPAAM‐CBE nanoparticles (20, 40, and 80 mg/mL) were compared to a control and free CBE (400, 800, and 1600 μg/mL) for its effects on fresh‐cut lettuce quality over 15 d at 5 °C. By the 10th day, the most effective antimicrobial concentration was 80 mg/mL for chitosan‐PNIPAAM‐CBE, up to 2 log10 CFU/g reduction (P < 0.05), compared with the other treatments. There was no significant difference between control and treated samples up to day 10 for the quality attributes evaluated. Chitosan‐PNIPAAM‐CBE nanoparticles effectively inhibited spoilage microorganisms’ growth and extended fresh‐cut lettuce shelf‐life. Overall, nanoencapsulation provided a method to effectively deliver essential oil and enhanced produce safety, while creating little to no detrimental quality changes on the fresh‐cut lettuce.
Oral Health Programmes in Indigenous Communities Worldwide—Lessons learned from the field: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Tsai Carrie , Blinkhorn Anthony , Irving Michelle 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review examines the evidence on the effectiveness of programmes that aim to improve the oral health of Indigenous populations worldwide, as well as presents a qualitative analysis to explore the design and implementation of these initiatives.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE were searched. Studies were included if they described an oral health programme for an Indigenous population in any country worldwide. A thematic synthesis of the qualitative findings was undertaken for each study's results and discussion sections.ResultsNineteen studies were included. Sixteen studies reported positive results, twelve of which reported statistically significant findings. Three themes regarding design and implementation emerged from the qualitative analysis: (i) elements of successful programmes, (ii) challenges and barriers to successful interventions and (iii) suggestions for improvements.ConclusionsSuccessful programmes considered cultural appropriateness in their design—including extensive community engagement before, during and after implementation to enhance ownership of, and thus participation in the programme. Collaborative approaches were seen as an advantage, not only with Indigenous communities, but also with local health providers and organizations, with particular emphasis on incorporation into existing services. Challenges included low community participation, unstable funding and staffing issues. In addition, future programmes should also incorporate advocacy and community development, focus on changes to public policy, utilize evidence‐based interventions that include traditional models of health, attempt to secure a stable funding base, target strategies to ensure staff retention and develop interventions that target the multilevel causes of general and oral health. This review provides an evidence base that can aid in the successful design, implementation and sustainability of oral health programmes for Indigenous people in the future.
High diagnostic yield of clinically unidentifiable syndromic growth disorders by targeted exome sequencing
Authors: Kim Yoo‐Mi , Lee Yun‐Jin , Park Jae Hong , Lee Hyoung‐Doo , Cheon Chong Kun , Kim Su‐Young , Hwang Jae‐Yeon , Jang Ja‐Hyun , Yoo Han‐Wook 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundAs syndromic short stature and overgrowth are heterogeneous and the list of causative genes is rapidly expanding, there is an unmet need for identifying genetic causes based on conventional gene testing or karyotyping. Early diagnosis leads to the proper management of the patient and providing genetic counseling for family members at risk in a timely manner.Materials and MethodsWe conducted targeted exome sequencing to identify the genetic causes of undiagnosed syndromic short stature or overgrowth in 15 pediatric patients from 13 families in Korea. We applied targeted exome sequencing using the Next Seq platform and a TruSight One panel.ResultsAmong the 13 families, 6 different disorders in 8 patients with short stature or overgrowth were identified, and the diagnostic yield was 46.2%. One boy with overgrowth had a
TGFB3
gene mutation. In the short stature group, Coffin‐Lowry syndrome (CLS), trichorhinophalangeal syndrome, DYRK1A haploinsufficiency syndrome, short stature with optic atrophy and Pelger‐Huët anomaly syndrome with recurrent hepatitis, and type 4 Meier‐Gorlin syndrome were identified. One CLS patient had a co‐existing monogenic disease, congenital glaucoma, caused by the compound heterozygote mutations of the
CYP1B1
gene.ConclusionTargeted exome sequencing is a powerful method for diagnosing syndromic growth disorders. It enables us to understand molecular pathophysiology and investigate new treatments for growth disorders.
Feasibility of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) carried out by endoscopists with no or little experience in gastric ESD
Authors: Shiga Hisashi , Ohba Reina , Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Jin Mario , Kuroha Masatake , Endo Katsuya , Moroi Rintaro , Kayaba Shoichi , Iijima Katsunori 
Published: April 2017

Background and AimColorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is recommended to be carried out only by endoscopists with sufficient experience in gastric ESD. However, early gastric carcinoma is less common in Western countries than in Japan, and endoscopic maneuverability differs between the stomach and colorectum. We assessed the feasibility of colorectal ESD carried out by endoscopists with no or little experience in gastric ESD.MethodsWe analyzed en bloc resection, R0 resection and perforation rates in 180 consecutive colorectal ESD carried out by three endoscopists who had no or <5 cases of experience in gastric ESD. We also identified factors associated with R0 resection failure.ResultsOverall en bloc and R0 resection rates were 93.3% (168/180) and 82.2% (148/180), respectively. All 11 cases with perforation were treated endoscopically. Dividing 180 cases into three learning phases (early, middle, or late phases), the en bloc and R0 resection rates increased from 88.3% and 75.0% in the early phase to 98.3% and 88.3% in the late phase, respectively. Perforation rate also improved from 10.0% to 3.3%. Factors associated with R0 resection failure were location at junctions (odds ratio: 6.8, 95% CI: 1.9–27.5), preoperative factors reflecting fibrosis (5.8, 1.9–19.0), and late phase (0.2, 0.1–0.7).ConclusionEndoscopists without experience in gastric ESD carried out colorectal ESD safely. In the early and middle phases (≤40 cases), they should treat mainly rectal lesions but may also resect lesions in the colon avoiding flexures. Lesions located at junctions and those with preoperative factors reflecting fibrosis should be resected after completing 40 procedures.
Untangling the assembly of littoral macroinvertebrate communities through measures of functional and phylogenetic alpha diversity
Authors: Heino Jani , Tolonen Kimmo T. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that species, functional and phylogenetic diversity are related to different environmental drivers, suggesting that different aspects of alpha diversity may be complementary and may provide different information about community assembly. Such multi‐facet community assembly studies are, however, rare in the freshwater realm.

We examined the responses of species richness, functional alpha diversity and phylogenetic alpha diversity of littoral macroinvertebrates to environmental gradients in near‐pristine boreal lakes. We also examined community assembly mechanisms using null models of functional or phylogenetic clustering, overdispersion and randomness as indications of different assembly mechanisms.

We found that the alpha diversity indices examined responded differently to the underlying environmental gradients. Also, phylogenetic and functional alpha diversity indices showed different levels of overdispersion, clustering and randomness, which also varied slightly between the analyses based on abundance and presence–absence data. These results suggested that different alpha diversity indices may provide different information about overdispersion (e.g. caused by biotic interactions) and clustering (e.g. caused by environmental filtering), and emphasised the fact that most individual lakes were inhabited by species that were merely random draws from the functional or phylogenetic species pools available in the study region.

Our findings suggested that some individual lakes are assembled by deterministic mechanisms, including environmental filtering and biotic interactions, whereas most individual lake macroinvertebrate communities constitute random draws from the regional species pool or are affected by the antagonistic effects of different assembly processes. Our results may stem from site‐specific context dependency in the assembly mechanisms, which might also be a reason why statistical models in aquatic community studies typically explain only a small part of variation in community composition and local diversity.
Predictors of Native American children's perceived status of health and physical shape
Authors: Kulinna Pamela H. , Ramirez Ernesto R. , Jahn Julie A. , Cothran Donetta J. , Burns Ryan D. , Kloeppel Tiffany 
Published: April 2017

To increase our understanding of predictors of healthy behavior patterns in Native American children. Children from the Southwest (N = 145) United States were administered a questionnaire with predictors of healthy living behaviors (i.e., perceived health status and perceived physical shape [fitness]). Using structural equation modeling, significant path estimates were present for self‐efficacy in predicting beliefs, for (removing) barriers, and for adult/peer support. Further, belief, barriers, and peer social support significantly predicted goals/intentions to be physically active. For children's perceived physical shape (fitness), similar results were found except with no significant relationship between self‐efficacy and (removing) barriers. Efforts focusing on increasing support systems and improving experiences (leading to positive efficacy/beliefs) can lead to significantly greater goals/intentions and perhaps the adoption of healthy behavior patterns by children.
Dispersal modality determines the relative partitioning of beta diversity in spider assemblages on subtropical land‐bridge islands
Authors: Wu Lingbing , Si Xingfeng , Didham Raphael K. , Ge Dapeng , Ding Ping 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo identify geographical drivers determining the relative partitioning of species replacement and richness difference or nestedness‐resultant components of beta diversity in spider groups with differing dispersal modalities.LocationThousand Island Lake, China.MethodsWe sampled spider assemblages on 31 land‐bridge islands for two years. Each species was classified into a dispersal group based on ballooning propensity (frequent, occasional or non‐ballooners). Two frameworks were used to separate beta diversity (βcc or βjac) of each group into either species replacement (β‐3) and richness difference (βrich) components, or turnover (βjtu) and nestedness‐resultant (βjne) components. Mantel and partial Mantel tests were performed to determine correlations between pairwise dissimilarities and difference in island area, difference in distance to mainland and inter‐island distance for each group.ResultsThe multiple‐island dissimilarity of spiders was primarily driven by turnover. Beta diversity (βcc or βjac) was positively associated with difference in island area in frequent ballooners, and negatively associated with difference in island area in occasional ballooners. Difference in island area had positive effects on βjne for all groups, but negative effects on β‐3 and βjtu for occasional or non‐ballooners. βrich was positively associated with difference in island area in frequent and non‐ballooners. We did not find any significant isolation effects for these three measures of dissimilarity.Main conclusionsThe dominant process of extinction resulted in a high contribution of turnover to the multiple‐island dissimilarity of spiders. Specifically, frequent ballooners contributed less turnover to multiple‐island dissimilarity than occasional and non‐ballooners. The most likely explanation for this is that frequent ballooners were potentially able to colonize all islands, whereas occasional and non‐ballooners were constrained by water barriers and were unable to occupy most islands. Contrasting dissimilarities among dispersal groups of spiders demonstrates the importance of beta diversity partitioning, and the mechanistic insight gained on trait‐dependence in community assembly.
Unexpected scenarios from Mediterranean refugial areas: disentangling complex demographic dynamics along the Apennine distribution of silver fir
Authors: Piotti Andrea , Leonarduzzi Cristina , Postolache Dragos , Bagnoli Francesca , Spanu Ilaria , Brousseau Louise , Urbinati Carlo , Leonardi Stefano , Vendramin Giovanni Giuseppe 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimMediterranean refugial areas are generally underrepresented in large‐scale genetic surveys of forest trees. In the case of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), this has led to divergent hypotheses about the exact location of glacial refugia and the trajectory of recolonization routes. Based on the comprehensive sampling of Apennine populations, we aimed to reconcile discrepancies about the number and location of refugia for silver fir in the Apennines and test alternative demographic scenarios developed from palaeobotanical and genetic data.LocationMediterranean Basin; the Apennines and surrounding areas.Methods1167 individuals from 16 Apennine populations, extensively covering the species’ distribution along the Italian Peninsula, and eight populations from the Alps and Eastern Europe were genotyped at 16 nuclear and three chloroplast microsatellite markers. The geographical distribution of genetic variation was explored using Bayesian clustering and multivariate methods. Based on the inferred genetic structure, the demographic history of A. alba was assessed by the approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analysis.ResultsTwo unexpected characteristics of genetic structure emerged: a sharp genetic boundary in the central Apennines and a tight genetic connection between southern Apennine and Eastern European gene pools. Two Apennine areas, corresponding precisely with refugial areas hypothesized in most recent palaeobotanical syntheses, have high genetic diversity on a par with Eastern European populations. ABC analysis showed an ancient separation between Apennine and Eastern European gene pools followed by an admixture event that, mainly through directional gene flow via pollen, might have established the genetic similarity between southern Apennine and Eastern European populations. In addition, there was evidence that the central Apennines acted as a small‐scale, isolated refugium during the Last Glacial Maximum.Main conclusionsSilver fir rear edge populations have experienced a complex demographic history across several glacial‐interglacial cycles, leading to unexpected genetic structure. Our study provides new insights into forest tree dynamics in the Mediterranean, showing the putative presence of multiple refugia for silver fir in the Apennines and a trans‐Adriatic connection between silver fir populations in the southern Italy and the Balkans.
Response of parasitoid egg load to host dynamics and implications for egg load evolution
Authors: Phillips C. B. , Kean J. M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA theoretical debate about whether parasitoids should be time or egg limited now recognizes both as feasible, and interest has turned to determining the circumstances under which each might arise in the field, and their implications for parasitoid behaviour and evolution. Egg loads of parasitoids sampled from the field are predicted to show a negative response to host availability, but empirical support for this relationship is scarce. We measured how a parasitoid's egg load responded to seasonal fluctuations in host population density and recorded the predicted correlation. In early summer, parasitoids were at high risk of time limitation due to low host availability, and in late summer, their offspring were at greater risk of egg limitation due to high host availability. Despite clear seasonal changes in selection pressures on egg load and lifespan, the parasitoid showed no evidence of seasonal variation in its reproductive strategy. We made minor modifications to a previously published model to explore the effects of seasonal variation in host availability on optimal investments in eggs and lifespan and obtained several new results. In particular, under circumstances analogous to some of those observed in our field study, temporal stochasticity in reproductive opportunities can cause investments in eggs to increase, rather than decrease as previously predicted. Our model results helped to explain the parasitoid's lack of a seasonally varying reproductive strategy. Understanding the evolution of parasitoid egg load would benefit from a shift of research emphasis from purely stochastic variation in parasitoid reproductive opportunities to greater consideration of host dynamics.
Delivering dignified care: A realist synthesis of evidence that promotes effective listening to and learning from older people's feedback in acute care settings
Authors: Dickson Megan , Riddell Helen , Gilmour Fiona , McCormack Brendan 
Published: April 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore effective mechanisms for listening to and learning from feedback from older people in the context of acute care.BackgroundMaintaining the dignity of older people in acute care has become an issue of international concern. In the United Kingdom, recommendations for care improvement have led to the formation of an implementation group, the “Listening and Learning Hospitals Pilot Project.” This literature review forms phase 1 of the project.DesignRealist synthesis was used to explore and synthesise wide‐ranging evidence.MethodsUsing 12 databases, literature was scoped to propose four principles that underpin the context, mechanism and outcomes (CMO) of effective relation‐based interventions with older people and their care partners in the acute care setting. A search was carried out in order to synthesise data to refute or support each principle. A total of 137 studies and 11 sources of grey literature were appraised and included. A final synthesis of evidence across all principles identified key mechanisms for effective relation‐based interventions.ResultsEight essential mechanisms support effective care interventions.ConclusionsThis review adds depth and breadth to current nursing knowledge in this field through the process of realist synthesis. Acute care organisations need to make a commitment to supporting relational care at organisation and unit levels. Additionally, they need to value and support the well‐being of the nurses delivering it so that interventions to improve care for older people can succeed.Relevance to clinical practiceEssential mechanisms synthesised from the review, together with other suggested interventions for improving dignified care of older people in acute care by listening to them and learning from their feedback, may contribute towards practice development in acute care.
Unlocking the limitations: Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and receiving care through telemedicine—A phenomenological study
Authors: Barken Tina Lien , Thygesen Elin , Söderhamn Ulrika 
Published: April 2017

Aims and objectivesTo describe the lived experiences of quality of life among a group of patients living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were included in a telemedical intervention after hospitalisation for disease exacerbation.BackgroundPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have high symptom burden, poor control of symptoms and a need for greater requirements in care. Telemedicine can provide benefits for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by improving self‐management.DesignDescriptive phenomenological approach.MethodsTen in‐depth interviews were conducted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients participating in a telemedical intervention. The collected data were analysed using a descriptive phenomenological research method.ResultsLiving with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was experienced as creating physical and mental limitations of the diseased body and an increasing identity as a patient, which led to impaired quality of life. Being included in the telemedicine intervention increased accessibility to healthcare services and support from telemedicine nurses. Self‐measurement of health data increased participants’ clinical insight and created a mutual clinical language in dialogue with telemedicine nurses, which led to increased quality of life. However, receiving care through telemedicine was also experienced as a dual chore.ConclusionsTelemedicine can reduce the perceived limitations imposed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through four key elements: (i) improving accessibility to healthcare services, (ii) increasing support from health professionals, (iii) strengthening clinical insight and (iv) developing a mutual clinical language, thus increasing quality of life. The transparency facilitated through telemedicine in this healthcare context encourages open decision‐making, where the participants can increase their knowledge and improve acknowledgement of and collaboration with telemedicine nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceTelemedicine can be beneficial when rethinking care for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by providing knowledge on how living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can affect the experience of receiving care through telemedicine and further determine for whom telemedicine is useful.