bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teachers’ Perceptions of Integrating Information and Communication Technologies Into Literacy Instruction: A National Survey in the United States
Authors: Hutchison Amy , Reinking David 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis research explores literacy teachers’ perceptions of integrating information communication technologies (ICTs) into literacy instruction. To this end, a national survey of 1,441 literacy teachers in the United States was conducted. The survey provided data concerning the types and levels of reported availability and use of ICTs, beliefs about the importance of integrating ICTs into literacy instruction, and perceived obstacles to doing so. The analysis of data included descriptive statistics, an exploratory factor analysis, and a path analysis used to test a model hypothesizing a relation between teachers’ perceived importance of technology and reported levels of integration. Results revealed relatively low levels of curricular integration, consistent perceptions about obstacles to integration, and technological rather than curricular definitions of ICTs and of integration. The path analysis suggested several characteristics and influences associated with higher levels of integration and use. The findings advance understanding of the extent to which ICTs are being integrated into literacy instruction and what factors should be considered toward profitably increasing integration consistent with expanding definitions of literacy.
Understanding the Relative Contributions of Lower‐Level Word Processes, Higher‐Level Processes, and Working Memory to Reading Comprehension Performance in Proficient Adult Readers
Authors: Hannon Brenda 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough a considerable amount of evidence has been amassed regarding the contributions of lower‐level word processes, higher‐level processes, and working memory to reading comprehension, little is known about the relationships among these sources of individual differences or their relative contributions to reading comprehension performance. This study addresses these shortcomings by using structural equation modeling. The principal structural equation model tested in this study—called the cognitive components‐resource model of reading comprehension—proposes a set of specific relationships among lower‐level word processing, higher‐level processes, and working memory. This model is then systematically compared with a series of other models that propose alternative relationships among these three sources of individual differences. The results show that, although working memory influences higher‐level processes, speed of lower‐level word processing exerts little to no influence on higher‐level processes or working memory. The results also show that a variant of the cognitive components‐resource model of reading comprehension accounts for 62% of the variance in reading comprehension performance. Taken as a whole, the present study informs theories of reading comprehension by proposing relationships among important sources of individual differences. It also provides a foundation for future research seeking to test and compare theories of reading comprehension and other sources of individual differences.
Paradoxes in French‐Language Instruction: Recent Social and Historical Research on Literacy in France
Authors: Rockwell Elsie , Galvão Ana Maria 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis essay on three recent books by outstanding scholars—La raison scolaire by Bernard Lahire, Histoire de l'enseignement du français du XVIIe au XXe siècle by André Chervel, and L'école et la lecture obligatoire by Anne‐Marie Chartier—offers the opportunity to acquaint readers with French research on teaching written language and to show the value of historical research for understanding past and current developments. The discussion highlights issues of inequality and failure in the face of the arbitrary and changing nature of schooled literacy and the vital role that teachers have played in redefining the everyday meaning and craft of teaching.
A Mixed‐Methods Approach to Investigating First‐ and Second‐Language Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition Through the Reading of Fiction
Authors: Reynolds Barry Lee 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAdult English‐L1 (n = 20) and English‐L2 (n = 32) experimental groups were given a novel containing nonce words to read within two weeks to investigate whether the reading of fiction can induce a state of incidental vocabulary acquisition. After reading, an unexpected meaning recall translation assessment measuring acquisition of 49 target nonce words was administered, followed by an open‐response reflective questionnaire. Assessment results indicated that English‐L1 speakers were better than English‐L2 speakers at incidentally acquiring vocabulary through the reading of fiction. Furthermore, results indicate that only three encounters with unknown words may be needed to encourage acquisition if the reading of a target text is enjoyable or of importance to the reader. Comparing acquisition results for English‐L1 and English‐L2 experimental groups to English‐L1 (n = 13) and English‐L2 (n = 27) control groups, however, indicated vocabulary acquisition could not be completely attributed to incidental acquisition, with the English‐L1 control group being more successful in guessing the meanings of unknown words than the English‐L2 control group. Post hoc interviews with both the English‐L1 and English‐L2 experimental groups indicated a difference in English‐L1 speakers' and English‐L2 speakers' perception of nonce words, which may have affected assessment outcomes. The results of the current investigation suggest that the use of nonce words could confound acquisition results if participants realize that the nonce words are proxies representing already known real words or give the nonce words a different status than real words. Results warrant the use of control groups in incidental vocabulary acquisition research regardless of whether real or nonce words are used as targets.
Directed Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Toward Placode-Derived Spiral Ganglion-Like Sensory Neurons
Authors: Matsuoka Akihiro J. , Morrissey Zachery D. , Zhang Chaoying , Homma Kazuaki , Belmadani Abdelhak , Miller Charles A. , Chadly Duncan M. , Kobayashi Shun , Edelbrock Alexandra N. , Tanaka-Matakatsu Miho , Whitlon Donna S. , Lyass Ljuba , McGuire Tammy L. , Stupp Samuel I. , Kessler John A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The ability to generate spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) from stem cells is a necessary prerequisite for development of cell-replacement therapies for sensorineural hearing loss. We present a protocol that directs human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward a purified population of otic neuronal progenitors (ONPs) and SGN-like cells. Between 82% and 95% of these cells express SGN molecular markers, they preferentially extend neurites to the cochlear nucleus rather than nonauditory nuclei, and they generate action potentials. The protocol follows an in vitro stepwise recapitulation of developmental events inherent to normal differentiation of hESCs into SGNs, resulting in efficient sequential generation of nonneuronal ectoderm, preplacodal ectoderm, early prosensory ONPs, late ONPs, and cells with cellular and molecular characteristics of human SGNs. We thus describe the sequential signaling pathways that generate the early and later lineage species in the human SGN lineage, thereby better describing key developmental processes. The results indicate that our protocol generates cells that closely replicate the phenotypic characteristics of human SGNs, advancing the process of guiding hESCs to states serving inner-ear cell-replacement therapies and possible next-generation hybrid auditory prostheses. © Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:923–936
Designing expression templates with concepts
Authors: Bachelet Bruno , Yon Loïc 
Published: March 2017

SummaryConcepts are likely to be introduced in a future C++ standard. They can be used for constraining template parameters, which enables checking requirements on template parameters sooner in the compilation process, and thus providing more intelligible error messages to the user. They can also be used in the specialization of templates, thus leading to a better control over the selection of the most appropriate version of a template for a given instantiation. This latter aspect offers new possibilities in the design of template libraries, as it enhances the specialization mechanism of templates, and set it up as a solid alternative to inheritance when static binding can replace dynamic binding. This article addresses the design of expression templates (i.e., templates that represent expressions and are usually built through operator overloading) that are useful to develop an embedded domain specific language (EDSL), and can speed up the evaluation of an expression by delaying the evaluation of intermediate operations to avoid unnecessary temporary objects. We propose to use concept‐based template specialization to parse expression templates in order to ease the design of an EDSL. This approach is a static variant of the well‐known visitor design pattern that replaces the overridden methods in the double dispatch of the original design pattern by template specializations based on concepts. An example of EDSL for linear programming developed with our solution demonstrates that a concept‐based design helps producing concise and reliable code. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A revision and analysis of the comprehensiveness of the main longitudinal studies of human aging for data mining research
Authors: Ribeiro Caio Eduardo , Brito Luis Henrique S. , Nobre Cristiane Neri , Freitas Alex A. , Zárate Luis Enrique 
Published: March 2017

Human aging is a global problem that will have a large socioeconomic impact. A better understanding of aging can direct public policies that minimize its negative effects in the future. Over many years, several longitudinal studies of human aging have been conducted aiming to comprehend the phenomenon, and various factors influencing human aging are under analysis. In this review, we categorize the main aspects affecting human aging into a taxonomy for assisting data mining (DM) research on this topic. We also present tables summarizing the main characteristics of 64 research articles using data from aging‐related longitudinal studies, in terms of the aging‐related aspects analyzed, the main data analysis techniques used, and the specific longitudinal database mined in each article. Finally, we analyze the comprehensiveness of the main databases of longitudinal studies of human aging worldwide, regarding which proportion of the proposed taxonomy's aspects are covered by each longitudinal database. We observed that most articles analyzing such data use classical (parametric, linear) statistical techniques, with little use of more modern (nonparametric, nonlinear) DM methods for analyzing longitudinal databases of human aging. We hope that this article will contribute to DM research in two ways: first, by drawing attention to the important problem of global aging and the free availability of several longitudinal databases of human aging; second, by providing useful information to make research design choices about mining such data, e.g., which longitudinal study and which types of aging‐related aspects should be analyzed, depending on the research's goals. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1202. doi: 10.1002/widm.1202This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data Mining
Applying occupational and organizational psychology theory to entrustment decision-making about trainees in health care: a&nbsp;conceptual model
Authors: Holzhausen Ylva , Maaz Asja , Cianciolo Anna T. , Ten Cate Olle , Peters Harm 
Published: March 2017

In medical contexts around the world, supervising physicians continuously decide what degree of supervision to apply as trainees carry out professional activities. Although the implications for patients can be far-reaching, little is known about how these entrustment decisions are formed. The concept of ‘Entrustable Professional Activities’ has initiated interest and valuable research on factors that may influence the entrustment decision process. The aim of the current article is to link models of entrustment developed in the fields of occupational and organizational psychology and military psychology to medical education studies that have explored the factors influencing physicians’ entrustment decisions. We provide a conceptual framework of the entrustment decision-making process, which we suggest will contribute to the understanding of how supervising physicians arrive at the decision to entrust a medical trainee with a professional activity.
Serial nouns in Finnish
Authors: Armoskaite Solveiga , Koskinen Päivi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe argue for the existence of nominal serialization based on our analysis of a Finnish construction consisting of a syntactically fixed sequence in which a prosaic noun is followed by an ideophonic noun. A database compiled from a range of diverse sources provides material for the analysis. Muysken and Veenstra's (2006) criteria for the serialization of verbs are adapted and applied to our analysis of these ideophonic constructions as involving the serialization of nouns. We provide evidence that the noun–noun sequence is nested within a possessive structure that behaves as a syntactic atom, exhibits idiosyncratic phonology, and encodes speaker perspective.
“So it's got three meanings dil dil:” Seductive ideophony and the sounds of Navajo poetry
Authors: Webster Anthony K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article engages questions about translation, phonological iconicity, and seductive ideophony. I begin by discussing the work of Paul Friedrich as it relates to questions of linguistic relativity and poetics and the qualities of music and myth that constitute poetry. I then present a poem written in Navajo by Rex Lee Jim and four translations of the poem. Three are from Navajo consultants and one of those translations will be, from a certain perspective, rather surprising. Namely, why does one consultant translate this poem as if it is composed of ideophones? The fourth translation is mine. I then work through the morphology of the poem in Navajo, saying something more about the translators and the process of translation. I then provide a transcript of a conversation I had with Blackhorse Mitchell about this poem. I use this to take up questions of phonological iconicity (punning) and the seductive quality of ideophony (the pole of music). I also place this poem within a context of the stick game in Navajo philosophy (the pole of myth). This leads, in the conclusion, to reflections about linguistic relativity, misunderstandings, sound, and poetics.
Justice for Janitors Goes Dutch. Precarious Labour and Trade Union Response in the Cleaning Industry (1988–2012): A Transnational History
Authors: Knotter Ad 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPrecarious labour has been on the rise globally since the 1970s and 1980s. Changing labour relations in the cleaning industry are an example of these developments. From the 1970s onwards, outsourcing changed the position of industrial cleaners fundamentally: subcontracting companies were able to reduce labour costs by recruiting mainly women and immigrants with a weak position in the labour market. For trade unions, it was hard to find a way to counteract this tendency and to organize these workers until the Justice for Janitors (J4J) campaigns, set up by the US-based Service Employees International Union (SEIU) from the late 1980s, showed that an adequate trade union response was possible. From the mid-2000s, the SEIU launched a strategy to form international coalitions outside the US. It met a favourable response in several countries. In the Netherlands, a campaign modelled on the J4J repertoire proved extraordinarily successful. In this article, transnational trade unionism in the cleaning industry based on the J4J model will be analysed with a special focus on the Dutch case. How were local labour markets and trade union actions related to the transnational connections apparent in the rise of multinational cleaning companies, the immigrant workforce, and the role of the SEIU in promoting international cooperation between unions?
Wrecking Peasants and Salvaging Landlords – Or Vice Versa? Wrecking in the Russian Baltic Provinces of Estland and Livland, 1780–1870
Authors: Lust Kersti 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article is a case study of wrecking, based on a database of hundreds of shipwrecks that occurred between 1780 and 1870, in what is today Estonia. Through a qualitative analysis of narrative sources, it examines the wrecking activities of manorial lords as well as of their peasants. Contrary to the international scholarly tradition, which views wrecking as an activity of the common people, this article sheds light on the deceptive and opportunistic activities of manorial lords, who were responsible for enforcing the law at the local level by performing police and court functions, but who, at the same time, benefited on a large scale from wrecking. The article contrasts this with the opportunities coastal peasants had to wreck for their own profit. In wrecking and salvage, the three characteristic elements of peasant-landlord relationships – exploitation, partnership, and patronage – emerge. In contrast with studies focusing on the friction between peasants and their lords in regions dominated by manorialism, this article argues that, in wrecking, their collaboration apparently proceeded without much conflict in this period.
Verrucaria ahtii, V. oulankaensis and V. vitikainenii, three new species from the Endocarpon group (Verrucariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)
Authors: PYKÄLÄ Juha , LAUNIS Annina , MYLLYS Leena 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThree new species of Verrucaria are described from calcareous and calciferous rocks in Finland based on morphology and ITS sequences. The species are all members of the Endocarpon group in the Verrucariaceae. Verrucaria oulankaensis sp. nov. is related to V. cernaensis but differing in its usually pruinose, small areolate thallus. It occurs in NE Finland on calcareous and calciferous rocks on river shores. Verrucaria ahtii sp. nov. and V. vitikainenii sp. nov. form a sister group in the ITS phylogeny. Verrucaria vitikainenii differs from V. ahtii in the darker and thinner thallus, absence of a prothallus and in the perithecia, which lack thalline cover. Verrucaria ahtii morphologically resembles V. apomelaena but differs in having a thinner involucrellum and a fimbriate prothallus. It has a southern distribution in Finland and prefers sun-exposed sites, particularly pebbles in lime quarries. The species is also reported from Lithuania and Russia. Verrucaria vitikainenii has an eastern distribution in Finland. The species is a strict calcicole, preferring half-shady habitats. Verrucaria apomelaena is excluded from the Finnish lichen flora.
Ducatina umbilicatagen. et sp. nov., a remarkableTrapeliaceaefrom the subantarctic islands in the Indian Ocean
Authors: ERTZ Damien , SØCHTING Ulrik , GADEA Alice , CHARRIER Maryvonne , POULSEN Roar S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe new genus and speciesDucatina umbilicatais described from Îles Crozet and Îles Kerguelen. This lichen is characterized by an umbilicate thallus with a black verrucose lower surface and a greyish to dark olivaceous smooth upper surface having large verrucae, large semi-immersed cephalodia, semi-immersed apothecia with a prominent thalline margin, simple, mainly ellipsoid ascospores of 23–42×12–25 µm and the presence of unknown chemical compounds. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU and mtSSU sequences placeDucatinain theTrapeliaceae(Baeomycetales). The new taxon is closely related toOrceolina antarcticaandO.kerguelensis, two other lichens endemic to these subantarctic islands, differing by its morphology and the lack of chemical compounds.Ducatinais the only genus in theTrapeliaceaeto develop a large umbilicate thallus.
Human Rights, Global Ethics, and the Ordinary Virtues
Authors: Ignatieff Michael 
Published: March 2017

In a 1958 speech at the United Nations, Eleanor Roosevelt took stock of the progress that human rights had made since the proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ten years before. Mrs. Roosevelt had chaired the UN committee that drafted the Universal Declaration and had hoped that, in time, it would become “the international Magna Carta of all men everywhere.” Her answer to the question of how to measure human rights progress has become one of the most frequently quoted remarks of the former First Lady:
Where, after all, do universal human rights begin? In small places, close to home—so close and so small that they cannot be seen on any maps of the world. Yet they are the world of the individual person; the neighborhood he lives in; the school or college he attends; the factory, farm, or office where he works. Such are the places where every man, woman, and child seeks equal justice, equal opportunity, equal dignity without discrimination. Unless these rights have meaning there, they have little meaning anywhere. Without concerted citizen action to uphold them close to home, we shall look in vain for progress in the larger world.
US–Shrimp II (Vietnam): Dubious Application of Anti-Dumping Duties – Should Have Used Safeguards
Authors: ZISSIMOS BEN , WOUTERS JAN 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article explores the idea that the USDOC imposed anti-dumping duties on Vietnamese shrimp producers despite the fact that the surge of shrimp imports giving rise to the duties may have come from elsewhere in the developing world. We argue that Vietnam's shrimp exporters may have been subject to anti-dumping duties because Vietnam has ‘non-market economy’ (NME) status in the United States. This makes it possible to levy higher duties against Vietnamese firms. We make the point that it was particularly inappropriate to impose anti-dumping duties against the Vietnamese shrimp industry because this industry shows clear indications of being perfectly competitive, whereby firms cannot dump. This in turn raises the question of how the USDOC was able to construct a dumping case where apparently none could have existed. Use of the ‘zeroing’ methodology, in conjunction with Vietnam's NME status, turns out to be central to the answer. The broader issue is that anti-dumping duties are overused where safeguards would be more efficient. The analysis is relevant for the current controversy over China's NME status with a number of its trading partners.
Once Upon Time: A Superficial History of Early Tape
Authors: McMURRAY PETER 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe early history of tape can be and has been told in a number of ways: as a byproduct of fascism; as a serendipitous outcome of signals intelligence and the spoils of the Second World War; or as a synergistic result of American capitalism at the hands of Bing Crosby and engineer John Mullin. Instead, I consider how Fritz Pfleumer's ‘sounding paper’ – inspired by his work in cigarette manufacturing – led to a medium that brings together elements of magnetic technologies (i.e., non-inscriptive data storage) with the plastic operations of film (e.g., cutting, splicing, looping), augmented by a variety of new temporal possibilities (e.g., pause, rewind). To that end, I analyse the production and subsequent circulation of tape, tape recorders, and tape recordings in Germany during the Second World War, including many orchestral recordings by Wilhelm Furtwängler and Herbert von Karajan. After the war, these technologies and tapes were looted from Germany, leading to the subsequent emergence of tape recording in the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union. The post-war dissemination of tape illustrates not only the geopolitics of technology, but also the ways in which the peculiar characteristics of tape fostered certain cultural and technological practices.