bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employer Branding: A Brand Equity‐based Literature Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Theurer Christian P. , Tumasjan Andranik , Welpe Isabell M. , Lievens Filip 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOver the past two decades, scholarly interest in employer branding has strongly increased. Simultaneously, however, employer branding research has developed into a fragmented field with heterogeneous interpretations of the employer branding concept and its scope, which has impeded further theoretical and empirical advancement. To strengthen the foundation for future work, this paper takes a brand equity perspective to review the extant literature and create an integrative model of employer branding. Using an analytical approach, the authors identify 187 articles, which they integrate along different employer brand dimensions and branding strategies: (i) conceptual; (ii) employer knowledge dimensions; (iii) employer branding activities and strategies. On the basis of this review, the authors develop an employer branding value chain model and derive future research avenues as well as practical implications.
The Emergence of an Amplified Mindset of Design: Implications for Postgraduate Design Education
Authors: Moreira Mafalda , Murphy Emma , McAra‐McWilliam Irene 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn a global scenario of complexity, research shows that emerging design practices are changing and expanding, creating a complex and ambiguous disciplinary landscape. This directly impacts on the field of design education, calling for new, flexible models able to tackle future practitioners’ needs, unknown markets and emergent societal cultures. In response to design's uncertain contemporary identity, a programme of doctoral research was designed with the aim of identifying distinct approaches to postgraduate design education that could help to prepare future designers for what the thesis terms an Amplified Mindset of Design. This article presents emerging findings from this doctoral research, proposing and evidencing a conceptual framework that synthesises key movements within design, to bring clarity to the current discourse on emerging design practices. The conceptual framework of an Amplified Mindset of Design clusters this discourse into four groups: a world‐ and human‐centred worldview; integrative behaviours, social skills and visualisation. The article closes by discussing this framework in relation to design education, suggesting the Amplified Mindset of Design as a tangible frame of reference to enable the development of design education. In this context it can be used as principles for pedagogical approaches, and as guidelines for curriculum design that fits our changing disciplinary practice within a complex global environment. Furthermore, the authors contend that there is potential to apply this framework outwith the field of design, proposing that other disciplines such as management, economics and medicine could benefit from an educational experience that emphasises an Amplified Mindset.
Who Assesses the Assessors? Sustainability and Assessment in Art and Design Education
Authors: Robins Claire 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article draws on recent research from the Pre‐Degree Summative Assessment in Art Design and Media Study, conducted at UCL Institute of Education, which found that pre‐degree art and design qualifications at levels 3 and 4 vary greatly in their appropriateness as a preparation for degree level study in art subjects. Central to the article are findings concerning external assessment processes and assessor selection and training. The research was commissioned by the awarding body of University of the Arts London in response to the then imminent Department for Education (DFE) directives for additional external assessment in all level 3 and 4 vocational pre‐degree programmes. Our research revealed the negative consequences of assessment becoming a bureaucratic process of measuring what is most easily measurable. In such instances it can become a task that is devoid of ‘expert’ knowledge and opinion. As the research demonstrates, the consequences for art education are serious. The title is appropriated from Bourdieu's sociological examination ‘But who created the “creators”?’ which casts a critical eye on the broader social landscape in which art and artists are produced and imbricated into the wider cultural order. To ask, who assesses the assessors? Is, of course, to ask a different kind of question, but never‐the‐less it is one which deserves to be opened out to scrutiny beyond the specificity of individual qualifications. This article's contribution argues for a more sustainable and radically transparent assessment regime in which professional expertise can be shared across the UK's secondary, further and higher education continuum.
Underwritten Dividend Reinvestment Plans and Conflicts of Interest
Authors: Pricha Nicholas , Foley Sean , Partington Graham , Svec Jiri 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe examine conflicts of interests arising from the pricing of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) in underwritten dividend reinvestment plans (DRIPs). A DRIP is a type of SEO that enables shareholders automatically to reinvest their dividend entitlements in the issuing company's shares. The underwriters have an incentive to sell stock during the DRIP pricing period in order to hedge price risk and/or to reduce the price at which shares are issued. Using individual brokers’ transactions, we show that underwriting brokers engage in an abnormally high level of selling during the issue pricing period. Comparison of pricing period returns between stocks with underwritten DRIPs and a matched sample of non‐underwritten DRIPs shows that significantly more negative returns accrue to firms that have their issues underwritten.
Headwater captures and the phylogenetic structure of freshwater fish assemblages: a case study in central Brazil
Authors: De Podestà Uchôa de Aquino Pedro , Rinaldi Colli Guarino 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThe astonishing diversity of Neotropical fishes results from historical and ecological processes intrinsically related to the geomorphological evolution of this region. Headwater captures are important biogeographical processes that promote dispersal or isolation of fish populations between watersheds. We investigate the effects of headwater captures on the phylogenetic structure of stream fish assemblages among watersheds in the Brazilian Shield highlands.LocationHeadwaters of Tocantins, Paraná and São Francisco watersheds, Brazilian Shield, Neotropical region.MethodsBased on the phylogenetic relationships of 70 native fish species, we quantified the phylogenetic diversity of each basin, as well as species richness and the phylogenetic beta diversity between basins.ResultsThe Upper Paraná basin showed higher richness and phylogenetic diversity, indicating phylogenetically distant species composition. The number of shared species and phylogenetic beta diversity values were not different from the null expectation, indicating recent exchange of species between the basins.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that the fish assemblage of the Upper Paraná basin is older and many species colonized recently the neighbouring Upper Tocantins and São Francisco basins, highlighting the impact of headwater captures on the community assembly of Neotropical fishes.
A practical decision‐tree model to predict complexity of reconstructive surgery after periocular basal cell carcinoma excision
Authors: Tan E. , Lin F. , Sheck L. , Salmon P. , Ng S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundPeriocular basal cell carcinomas (pBCC) have unpredictable growth. The authors seek to derive a decision rule for predicting surgical complexity in pBCC.Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted at two centres in New Zealand from September 2010 to November 2015. Baseline demographic information and an initial assessment of operative complexity (a four‐point grading scale) were collected. Assessment of operative complexity was repeated at the time of reconstruction. Univariate analysis was applied to identify the associative factors and supervised machine learning was used to determine the best predictive models to construct a clinical decision rule.ResultsA total of 156 patients and 156 periocular BCC were analysed. Univariate analysis revealed that older age, recurrent skin cancer, large tumour size, being a public patient and high complexity at pre‐operative assessment were associated with high actual operative complexity. Tumour histology was not associated with more complex surgery. Machine learning analyses revealed that Naive Bayesian classifier was able to distinguish surgical complexity with an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.854 (95% CI: 0.762–0.946) whereas a simpler, alternating decision tree (ADT) that used only three clinical variables achieved an AUC of 0.853 (95% CI: 0.739–0.931). The ADT model was 10.1 times more likely to correctly identify a high complexity case. The three predictive variables were pre‐operative assessment of complexity (high vs. low), surgical delays [early (<75 days) or delayed (≥75 days)], and tumour size [small (<14 mm), or large (≥14 mm)]. For the subgroup with large tumours but low initial assessed complexity, late surgery was associated with a 6.7‐fold increase in risk of high‐risk surgery.ConclusionsA simple, three‐variable risk stratification system was able to predict the operative complexity of pBCC.
Histological long‐term outcomes from acute antibody‐mediated rejection following ABO‐compatible liver transplantation
Authors: Del Bello Arnaud , Danjoux Marie , Congy‐Jolivet Nicolas , Lavayssière Laurence , Esposito Laure , Muscari Fabrice , Kamar Nassim 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground and AimAcute antibody‐mediated rejection (aAMR) is an unusual complication after orthotopic ABO‐compatible liver transplantation. To date, the clinical and histological long‐term outcomes after aAMR are not well known.MethodHerein, we describe nine cases of aAMR that occurred in our liver‐transplant center between 2008 and 2016, with an initial and reevaluation liver biopsy available for reexamination.ResultsTwo patients presented with aAMR at 10.5 (10, 11) days post‐transplantation, caused by preformed donor‐specific antibodies. Seven other recipients developed de novo donor‐specific antibodies and aAMR at 11.2 (3–24) months post‐transplantation. Eight of the nine patients received a B‐cell targeting agent (rituximab, with or without plasma exchange), associated with polyclonal antibodies (three patients) or intravenous immunoglobulins (three patients). At the last follow up (i.e. 21 [4–90] months post‐aAMR), seven patients were alive, including two patients with normal liver tests. Grafts' survival was 66%. A liver biopsy performed at 11.5 (5–48.5) months after the first biopsy showed no significant improvement in aAMR score (from 2 ± 1.3 to 1.6 ± 1.5, P = 0.6), a significant improvement in chronic AMR score (from 37 ± 9 to 25 ± 8, P = 0.003) and an increase in the Metavir score (1.2 ± 0.6 to 2.1 ± 0.9, P = 0.03).ConclusionIn this study, a B‐cell‐depleting agent seemed to improve the prognosis of aAMR in selected cases, but several patients kept active lesions antibody‐mediated rejection.
Narratives of Self‐Neglect: Patterns of Traumatic Personal Experiences and Maladaptive Behaviors in Cognitively Intact Older Adults
Authors: Lien Cynthia , Rosen Tony , Bloemen Elizabeth M. , Abrams Robert C. , Pavlou Maria , Lachs Mark S. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo identify patterns of personal experience or behavior in self‐neglect by exploring narratives of cognitively intact older adults.DesignDescriptive study involving semistructured interviews and unstructured narratives.SettingA parent study of self‐neglect characteristics.ParticipantsCognitively intact, self‐neglecting older adults referred from 11 community‐based senior services agencies (N = 69).MeasurementsInterviews included a comprehensive psychiatric assessment using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Axis‐I and II Disorders and an unstructured interview that allowed subjects to describe important elements of their life stories. Content analysis was used to identify personal experiences and behavior patterns in each subject's narrative.ResultsFour types of traumatic personal experiences (psychologically traumatic loss, separation or abandonment (29%); violent victimization, physical trauma, or sexual abuse (19%); exposure to war or political violence (9%); prolonged mourning (7%)) and five behavior patterns (significant financial instability (23%), severe lifelong mental illness (16%), mistrust of people or paranoia (13%), distrust and avoidance of the medical establishment (13%), substance abuse or dependence (13%)) were identified in the life stories.ConclusionPatterns of traumatic personal experiences and maladaptive behaviors that self‐neglecters frequently report were identified. Experiences, perceptions, and behaviors developed over a lifetime may contribute to elder self‐neglect. Further exploration and better understanding of these patterns may identify potential risk factors and areas for future targeted screening, intervention, and prevention.
Uncovering the Fate of Critical Metals: Tracking Dissipative Losses along the Product Life Cycle
Authors: Zimmermann Till 
Published: October 2016

SummaryAn increasing number of elements from the periodic table are being used in a growing number of products, enabling new material and product functionalities. Materials of high importance and high supply risks are usually referred to as critical materials. Many materials that are often considered critical are used in ways leading to their dissipative loss along the product life cycle. So far, the issue of material dissipation has been dealt with mainly on a rather aggregated level. Detailed knowledge on the occurrence and amount of dissipative losses in the life cycle of specific products is only scarcely available. Addressing this, a substance flow analysis of different critical metals along the life cycle of selected products is presented in this article. With regard to products used in Germany, the flows of indium and gallium used in copper‐indium‐gallium‐selenide (CIGS) photovoltaic cells, germanium used in polymerization catalysts, and yttrium used in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have been analyzed. The results comprise detailed knowledge about the life cycle stages in which dissipative losses occur and about the receiving media. In all case studies, a complete or almost complete dissipative loss can be observed, mainly to landfills and other material flows. In all case studies, material production can be identified as hotspots for dissipative losses. In two case studies fabrication and manufacturing (F&M for CIGS and TBCs) and in one case study end of life (polymerization catalysts) can be identified as further hotspots for dissipative losses. In addition, actions for reducing dissipation along the life cycle are discussed, targeting aspects such as the recovery of critical metals as by‐products, efficiency in F&M processes, and lack of recycling processes. Lack of economic incentives to apply more‐efficient technologies and processes already available is a key aspect in this regard.
Measuring the Environmental Footprint of Leather Processing Technologies
Authors: Laurenti Rafael , Redwood Michael , Puig Rita , Frostell Björn 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe selection of materials and manufacturing processes often determines most of the environmental impact that a product will have during its life cycle. In directing consumption toward products with the least impact on the environment, measuring and comparing material alternatives with site‐specific data is a fundamental prerequisite. Within the apparel and footwear industry, some famous brands have recently been basing their advertising on the claim that vegetable‐tanned leather is more environmentally friendly than chromium‐tanned leather. However, there is a lack of scientific research assessing and comparing vegetable‐ and chromium‐tanned leather in a wider context than the toxicity of chromium. To fill this gap, this study measured and compared the carbon, water, and energy footprint of vegetable and chromium leather processing technology and intermediate processing stages in 12 selected tanneries in seven different countries worldwide. Each tannery proved to be very individual, and therefore attempting to perform this type of analysis without simply producing meaningless generalities is a challenge for companies, researchers, and regulators. The variability in results demonstrates that secondary data for the tanning phase should be utilized with caution in a decision‐making context. The use of primary data would be advisable for life cycle assessment studies of leather goods. No significant differences were found in the footprint of vegetable and chromium leather processes, but these are only indicative findings and need confirmation in further studies. An important area needing investigation is then how a fair comparison can be made between renewable natural materials and nonrenewable materials used in both leather‐processing technologies.
Racial Discrimination and Adverse Birth Outcomes: An Integrative Review
Authors: Alhusen Jeanne L. , Bower Kelly M. , Epstein Elizabeth , Sharps Phyllis 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionThis article presents an integrative review of the literature examining the relationship between racial discrimination and adverse birth outcomes.MethodsSearches for research studies published from 2009 to 2015 were conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase. Articles were assessed for potential inclusion using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 framework.ResultsFifteen studies met criteria for review. The majority of the studies found a significant relationship between racial discrimination and low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age. Each of the studies that examined more proximal variables related to birth outcomes such as entry into prenatal care, employment opportunities, neighborhood characteristics, or inflammatory markers found significant associations between the specific variables examined and racial discrimination. Participants in qualitative studies discussed experiences of institutional racism with regard to several components of prenatal care including access and quality of care.DiscussionRacial discrimination is a significant risk factor for adverse birth outcomes. To best understand the mechanisms by which racial discrimination impacts birth outcomes, and to inform the development of effective interventions that eliminate its harmful effects on health, longitudinal research that incorporates comprehensive measures of racial discrimination is needed. Health care providers must fully acknowledge and address the psychosocial factors that impact health outcomes in minority racial/ethnic women.
Employment and Wage Disparities for Nurses With Activity Limitations
Authors: Wilson Barbara L. , Butler Richard J. , Butler Matthew J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeNo studies quantify the labor market disparities between nurses with and without activity difficulties (physical impairment or disability). We explore disparate treatment of nurses with activity difficulties at three margins of the labor market: the ability to get a job, the relative wage rate offered once a nurse has a job, and the annual hours of work given that wage rate.DesignKey variables from the American Community Survey (ACS) were analyzed, including basic demographic information, wages, hours of work, and employment status of registered nurses from 2006 to 2014.FindingsAlthough there is relatively little disparity in hourly wages, there is enormous disparity in the disabled's employment and hours of work opportunities, and hence a moderate amount of disparity in annual wages.ConclusionsThis has significant implications for the nursing labor force, particularly as the nursing workforce continues to age and physical limitations or disabilities increase by 15‐fold from 25 to 65 years of age.Clinical Relevance Physical or psychological difficulties increase sharply over the course of a nurse's career, and employers must heighten efforts to facilitate an aging workforce and provide appropriate job accommodations for nurses with activity limitations.
Using human genetics to discover new therapeutic targets for plasma lipids
Authors: Cohen J. C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGenetic variation arises through multiple different alleles that vary in frequency and severity of effect. Mutations that give rise to Mendelian disorders, such as the LDL receptor (LDLR) mutations that result in familial hypercholesterolaemia, are efficiently winnowed from the population by purifying selection and are almost inevitably rare. Conversely, alleles that are common in the population (such that homozygotes for the minor allele are present even in modest sample sizes) typically have very modest phenotypic effects. Mutations in the gene for proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) represent an unusual but informative exception in that they are relatively common but have large effects on phenotype. Loss‐of‐function mutations in PCSK9 occur in ~2.5% of African Americans and are associated with large reductions in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. The development of agents to inhibit PCSK9 demonstrates the utility of translating genetics into clinical therapeutics. Attempts to identify genes responsible for hypercholesterolaemia have used traditional linkage analysis, which requires samples collected from multiple families with defects in the same gene, or genome‐wide association, which requires thousands of samples from the population. More recently, whole‐exome sequencing studies have revealed loss‐of‐function mutations in ANGPTL3 associated with pan‐hypolipidemia, and in APOC3 that confer protection against CHD. The application of whole‐exome sequencing to large populations or to carefully selected patients can streamline the discovery of causal genetic mutations.
Bariatric surgery and type 2 diabetes: are there weight loss‐independent therapeutic effects of upper gastrointestinal bypass?
Authors: Chondronikola M. , Harris L. L. S. , Klein S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major worldwide public health concern. Despite a large armamentarium of T2D medications, a large proportion of patients fail to achieve recommended treatment goals for glycemic control. Weight loss has profound beneficial effects on the metabolic abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis of T2D. Accordingly, bariatric surgery, which is the most effective available weight loss therapy, is also the most effective therapy for treating patients with T2D. Surgical procedures that bypass the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract are particularly effective in achieving partial and even complete remission of T2D, suggesting that UGI bypass has weight loss‐independent effects on glycemic control. Although a number of hypotheses (e.g. a role for multiorgan insulin sensitivity, β‐cell function, incretin response, the gut microbiome, bile acid metabolism, intestinal glucose metabolism and browning of adipose tissue) have been proposed to explain the potential unique effects of UGI tract bypass surgery, none has yet been adequately evaluated to determine therapeutic importance in patients with T2D. Here, we review the efficacy of UGI bypass surgery in treating T2D and the mechanisms that have been proposed to explain its potential weight loss‐independent therapeutic effects.