bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Phase Synthesis and Enhanced Field Emission Properties of ZnO-Sulfide Heterojunction Nanowires
Authors: Wang Guojing , Li Zhengcao , Li Mingyang , Chen Chienhua , Lv Shasha , Liao Jiecui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractZnO-CdS, ZnO-ZnS and ZnO-Ag2S core-shell heterojunction structures were fabricated using low-temperature, facile and simple aqueous solution approaches. The polycrystalline sulfide shells effectively enhance the field emission (FE) properties of ZnO nanowires arrays (NWAs). This results from the formation of the staggered gap heterointerface (ZnO-sulfide) which could lead to an energy well at the interfaces. Hence, electrons can be collected when an electric field is applied. It is observed that ZnO-ZnS NWAs have the lowest turn-on field (3.0 Vμm−1), compared with ZnO-CdS NWAs (6.3 Vμm−1) and ZnO-Ag2S NWAs (5.0 Vμm−1). This may be associated with the pyramid-like ZnS shell which increases the number of emission nanotips. Moreover, the Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) plot displays a nonlinear relationship in the low and high electric field regions caused by the double well potential effect of the heterojunction structures.
Effect of solution treatment on stress corrosion cracking behavior of an as-forged Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy
Authors: Wang S. D. , Xu D. K. , Wang B. J. , Sheng L. Y. , Han E. H. , Dong C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEffect of solid solution treatment (T4) on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of an as-forged Mg-6.7%Zn-1.3%Y-0.6%Zr (in wt.%) alloy has been investigated using slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) testing in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The results demonstrated that the SCC susceptibility index (ISCC) of as-forged samples was 0.95 and its elongation-to-failure (εf) was only 1.1%. After T4 treatment, the SCC resistance was remarkably improved. The ISCC and εf values of T4 samples were 0.86 and 3.4%, respectively. Fractography and surface observation indicated that the stress corrosion cracking mode for as-forged samples was dominated by transgranular and partially intergranular morphology, whereas the cracking mode for T4 samples was transgranular. In both cases, the main cracking mechanism was associated with hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Through alleviating the corrosion attack of Mg matrix, the influence of HE on the SCC resistance of T4 samples can be greatly suppressed.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal that Water Diffusion between Graphene Oxide Layers is Slow
Authors: Devanathan Ram , Chase-Woods Dylan , Shin Yongsoon , Gotthold David W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMembranes made of stacked layers of graphene oxide (GO) hold the tantalizing promise of revolutionizing desalination and water filtration if selective transport of molecules can be controlled. We present the findings of an integrated study that combines experiment and molecular dynamics simulation of water intercalated between GO layers. We simulated a range of hydration levels from 1 wt.% to 23.3 wt.% water. The interlayer spacing increased upon hydration from 0.8 nm to 1.1 nm. We also synthesized GO membranes that showed an increase in layer spacing from about 0.7 nm to 0.8 nm and an increase in mass of about 15% on hydration. Water diffusion through GO layers is an order of magnitude slower than that in bulk water, because of strong hydrogen bonded interactions. Most of the water molecules are bound to OH groups even at the highest hydration level. We observed large water clusters that could span graphitic regions, oxidized regions and holes that have been experimentally observed in GO. Slow interlayer diffusion can be consistent with experimentally observed water transport in GO if holes lead to a shorter path length than previously assumed and sorption serves as a key rate-limiting step.
Longitudinal live imaging of retinal α-synuclein::GFP deposits in a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson’s Disease/Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Price Diana L. , Rockenstein Edward , Mante Michael , Adame Anthony , Overk Cassia , Spencer Brian , Duong-Polk Karen X. , Bonhaus Douglas , Lindsey James , Masliah Eliezer 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAbnormal α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation in the CNS may underlie neuronal cell and synaptic dysfunction leading to motor and cognitive deficits in synucleinopathies including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). Multiple groups demonstrated α-syn accumulation in CNS accessory structures, including the eyes and olfactory terminals, as well as in peripheral organs of Parkinsonian patients. Retinal imaging studies of mice overexpressing fused α-syn::GFP were conducted to evaluate the presence and progression of retinal pathology in a PD/DLB transgenic mouse model. Bright-field image retinal maps and fluorescent images were acquired at 1-month intervals for 3 months. Retinal imaging revealed the accumulation of GFP-tagged α-syn in retinal ganglion cell layer and in the edges of arterial blood vessels in the transgenic mice. Double labeling studies confirmed that the α-syn::GFP-positive cells were retinal ganglion cells containing α-syn. Accumulation of α-syn persisted in the same cells and increased with age. Accumulation of α-syn::GFP was reduced by immunization with single chain antibodies against α-syn. In conclusion, longitudinal live imaging of the retina in the PDGF-α-syn::GFP mice might represent a useful, non-invasive tool to monitor the fate of α-syn accumulation in the CNS and to evaluate the therapeutic effects of compounds targeting α-syn.
Superoxide dismutase 2 knockdown leads to defects in locomotor activity, sensitivity to paraquat, and increased cuticle pigmentation in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Tabunoki Hiroko , Gorman Maureen J. , Dittmer Neal T. , Kanost Michael R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInsects can rapidly adapt to environmental changes through physiological responses. The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is widely used as a model insect species. However, the stress–response system of this species remains unclear. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a crucial antioxidative enzyme that is found in mitochondria. T. castaneum SOD2 (TcSOD2) is composed of 215 amino acids, and has an iron/manganese superoxide dismutase domain. qRT-PCR experiments revealed that TcSOD2 was present through all developmental stages. To evaluate TcSOD2 function in T. castaneum, we performed RNAi and also assessed the phenotype and antioxidative tolerance of the knockdown of TcSOD2 by exposing larvae to paraquat. The administration of paraquat resulted in significantly higher 24-h mortality in TcSOD2 knockdown larval groups than in the control groups. The TcSOD2 knockdown adults moved significantly more slowly, had lower ATP content, and exhibited a different body color from the control groups. We found that TcSOD2 dsRNA treatment in larvae resulted in increased expression of tyrosinase and laccase2 mRNA after 10 days. This is the first report showing that TcSOD2 has an antioxidative function and demonstrates that T. castaneum may use an alternative antioxidative system when the SOD2-based system fails.
Sex and gender differences in HIV-1 infection
Authors: Griesbeck Morgane , Scully Eileen , Altfeld Marcus 
Published: July 2016

The major burden of the human immunodeficiency (HIV) type 1 pandemic is nowadays carried by women from sub-Saharan Africa. Differences in the manifestations of HIV-1 infection between women and men have been long reported, and might be due to both socio-economic (gender) and biological (sex) factors. Several studies have shown that women are more susceptible to HIV-1 acquisition than men. Following HIV-1 infection, women have lower viral loads during acute infection and exhibit stronger antiviral responses than men, which may contribute to differences in the size of viral reservoirs. Oestrogen receptor signalling could represent an important mediator of sex differences in HIV-1 reservoir size and may represent a potential therapeutic target. Furthermore, immune activation, a hallmark of HIV-1 infection, is generally higher in women than in men and could be a central mechanism in the sex difference observed in the speed of HIV-1 disease progression. Here, we review the literature regarding sex-based differences in HIV-1 infection and discuss how a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms could improve preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Theoretical Principles to Guide the Teaching of Adjectives to Children Who Struggle With Word Learning: Synthesis of Experimental and Naturalistic Research With Principles of Learning Theory
Authors: Ricks Samantha L. , Alt Mary 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this tutorial is to provide clinicians with a theoretically motivated and evidence-based approach to teaching adjectives to children who struggle with word learning.

Method
Given that there are almost no treatment studies to guide this topic, we have synthesized findings from experimental and theoretical literature to come up with a principles-based approach to treatment.

Results
We provide a sample lesson plan, incorporating our 3 theoretical principles, and describe the materials chosen and methods used during treatment and assessment.

Conclusion
This approach is theoretically motivated, but it needs to be empirically tested.
Wideband bandstop filter using hybrid microstrip/CPW‐DGS with via‐hole connection
Authors: Chen Hui , Jiang Di , Chen Xu 
Published: July 2016

A novel wideband bandstop filter (BSF) with a minimum attenuation better than 28.5 dB and three transmission zeros within the stopband is proposed. The designed filter is composed of a top microstrip transmission line and a bottom coplanar waveguide open‐circuited resonator loaded by a periodical L‐shaped defected ground structure resonant unit cell. The top and bottom dual‐metal‐plane conductors are connected by the periodically metallic via‐hole within the designed substrate. With the appropriate height of substrate and separation between the adjacent metallic via‐holes, an excellent parallel‐plate‐metal synthesised transmission line with an improved coupling between the top and bottom resonators can be achieved by this via‐hole‐loaded technology. Finally, a microstrip BSF centred at 5.44 GHz with a measured 20 dB rejection bandwidth of more than 35.5% are designed, fabricated, and measured for this topology of validation.
Different Migratory Strategies of Invasive Common Carp and Native Northern Pike in the American Midwest Suggest an Opportunity for Selective Management Strategies
Authors: Chizinski Christopher J. , Bajer Przemyslaw G. , Headrick Mary E. , Sorensen Peter W. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Inundated floodplains, backwaters, and wetlands are important spawning habitats for many freshwater fish. In Midwestern North America and areas of northern Europe, the Common Carp Cyprinus carpio and Northern Pike Esox lucius inhabit many of the same watersheds and perform migrations to interconnected wetlands during the spring to spawn. In this study, the movement patterns of adult Northern Pike and Common Carp from lakes into adjoining wetlands were assessed in Minnesota to determine how and when these species moved, and if Common Carp might be blocked or trapped without disrupting the Northern Pike. Adult Northern Pike migrated over an extended several-week period starting early each March, when temperatures were greater than 4ºC and when the fish were fully sexually mature (i.e., females were ovulated and running with eggs, and males were spermiating). In contrast, adult Common Carp migrated over relatively short time periods that lasted just a few days between April and June, and whose specific timing varied but always occurred after water temperatures rose to 10ºC and usually coincided with rain. Migrating Common Carp were in prespawning condition (i.e., females were not yet ovulated) and appeared to be homing as stream selection was very specific. Less than half of the Common Carp population migrated each year, reinforcing earlier observations that Common Carp likely conduct partial migrations. Overlap between Northern Pike and Common Carp was minimal, suggesting that management strategies using removable barriers, for example, could be used to control invasive Common Carp without affecting native Northern Pike populations.
Received August 12, 2015; accepted March 11, 2016 Published online July 8, 2016
When does inequality freeze an economy?
Authors: Jerico João Pedro , Landes François P , Marsili Matteo , Pérez Castillo Isaac , Volpati Valerio 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Inequality and its consequences are the subject of intense recent debate. Using a simplified model of the economy, we address the relation between inequality and liquidity, the latter understood as the frequency of economic exchanges. Assuming a Pareto distribution of wealth for the agents, that is consistent with empirical findings, we find an inverse relation between wealth inequality and overall liquidity. We show that an increase in the inequality of wealth results in an even sharper concentration of the liquid financial resources. This leads to a congestion of the flow of goods and the arrest of the economy when the Pareto exponent reaches one.
White dwarf pollution by planets in stellar binaries
Authors: Hamers Adrian S. , Portegies Zwart Simon F. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Approximately 0.2 ± 0.2 of white dwarfs (WDs) show signs of pollution by metals, which is likely due to the accretion of tidally disrupted planetary material. Models invoking planet–planet interactions after WD formation generally cannot explain pollution at cooling times of several Gyr. We consider a scenario in which a planet is perturbed by Lidov–Kozai oscillations induced by a binary companion and exacerbated by stellar mass-loss, explaining pollution at long cooling times. Our computed accretion rates are consistent with observations assuming planetary masses between ∼0.01 and 1 MMars, although non-gravitational effects may already be important for masses ≲0.3 MMars. The fraction of polluted WDs in our simulations, ∼0.05, is consistent with observations of WDs with intermediate cooling times between ∼0.1 and 1 Gyr. For cooling times ≲0.1 Gyr and ≳1 Gyr, our scenario cannot explain the high observed pollution fractions of up to 0.7. Nevertheless, our results motivate searches for companions around polluted WDs.
Optimal Treatment for Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Combined Therapy With Metronidazole
Authors: Mikamo Hiroshige , Yuasa Akira , Wada Keiko , Crawford Bruce , Sugimoto Naomi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background.  Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae has increased dramatically in the last decade, resulting in infections that are difficult to treat and associated with high mortality rates. To prevent further antibacterial resistance, it is necessary to use carbapenem selectively. A combination of metronidazole with an antimicrobial agent active against aerobes is an alternative effective treatment for patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs). This study aimed to compare efficacy and safety of metronidazole combination therapies and carbapenem and to provide clinical evidence regarding the optimal treatment of cIAI.
Methods.  A systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials in the treatment of cIAI were conducted. The systematic review with PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews followed the Cochrane Handbook's recommended methodology, and the meta-analysis used a Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model with RevMan, version 5.3. Primary endpoints were clinical success and bacteriological eradication, and secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality and drug-related adverse events.
Results.  Eight studies comparing metronidazole combination therapies and carbapenem were included in the meta-analysis. No difference was found between combined therapy with metronidazole and carbapenem regarding clinical success (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], .75–2.31), bacteriological eradication (OR = 1.27; 95% CI, .84–1.91), all-cause mortality (OR = 0.61; 95% CI, .37–1.00), or drug-related adverse events (OR = 0.58; 95% CI, .18–1.88). Sensitivity analyses found similar results.
Conclusions.  Combined therapy with metronidazole is as effective and safe as carbapenem in treatment of cIAI. Therefore, combined therapy with metronidazole offers an effective alternative to carbapenem with low risk of drug resistance.
Effectiveness of Chemical Compounds and Biocontrol Agents for Management of Bacterial Spot of Pumpkin Caused by Xanthomonas cucurbitae
Authors: Thapa Sita , Babadoost Mohammad 
Published: July 2016

Bacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas cucurbitae, has become one of the most important diseases of pumpkin. Seventeen chemical compounds and five biocontrol agents were evaluated for their efficacy for management of the disease. The EC50 for reduction in cell multiplication of the pathogen ranged from 0.17 ppm for mancozeb (Dithane 75 DF) to 64.53 ppm for cuprous oxide (Nordox 75 WG) in nutrient broth, and from 0.23 ppm for Dithane 75 DF to 38.87 ppm Nordox 75 WG in casitone yeast extract broth. The inhibition zones produced by biocontrol agents on Luria Bertani culture medium ranged from 3.1 mm for Bacillus pumilus (Sonata ASO) to 10.6 mm for Streptomyces lydicus (Actinovate AG). In the field trials, copper oxychloride + copper hydroxide (Badge X2 DF), copper sulfate (Cuprofix Ultra 40 DF), oxytetracycline (Mycoshield 40 WSP), copper sulfate pentahydrate (Phyton-016B), copper hydroxide (Kocide-3000 46.1 DF) plus acibenzolar-s-methyl (ActiGard 50 WG), Kocide-3000 46.1 DF plus famoxadone + cymoxanil (Tanos 50D WG), an extract from Reynoutria sachalinensis (Regalia), and B. subtilis (Serenade ASO) were more effective in reducing incidence and severity of bacterial spot on both leaves and fruit compared to controls. These chemical compounds or biocontrol agents may be used in combination with other methods to manage X. cucurbitae in pumpkin. Accepted for publication 19 April 2016. Published 9 May 2016.
Sacred Spaces
Authors: Brelsford Gina M. , Ramirez Joshua , Veneman Kristin , Doheny Kim K. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Preterm birth is an unanticipated and stressful event for parents. In addition, the unfamiliar setting of the intensive care nursery necessitates strategies for coping.

Purpose:
The primary study objective of this descriptive study was to determine whether secular and religious coping strategies were related to family functioning in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods:
Fifty-two parents of preterm (25-35 weeks' gestation) infants completed the Brief COPE (secular coping), the Brief RCOPE (religious coping), and the Family Environment Scale within 1 week of their infant's hospital admission.

Findings:
This descriptive study found that parents' religious and secular coping was significant in relation to family relationship functioning. Specifically, negative religious coping (ie, feeling abandoned or angry at God) was related to poorer family cohesion and use of denial.

Implications for Practice:
These findings have relevance for interventions focused toward enhancing effective coping for families.

Implications for Research:
Further study of religious and secular coping strategies for neonatal intensive care unit families is warranted in a larger more diverse sample of family members.
Surveillance and Isolation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Newnam Katherine M. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Neonatal sepsis causes 1.4 million (36%) neonatal deaths annually. Staphylococcus aureus (SA), a common skin pathogen, remains the second leading cause of late-onset sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a resistant strain of SA, has created a significant global communicable health risk, especially in the NICU.

Purpose:
To examine evidence related to NICU infection control practices surrounding MRSA surveillance, identification, and isolation in response to the clinical question, “What strategies should be universally implemented in the NICU to identify and prevent the spread of MRSA?”

Methods/Search Strategy:
Databases were examined for articles on the topical area of MRSA in the neonate. Key terms were used to streamline the search, resulting in 20 primary works and 3 guideline/consensus statements considered imperative in response to the clinical questions.

Findings/Results:
Hand hygiene remains the cornerstone to sound infection control practice. Colonization often leads to systemic infection, with smaller neonates at greatest risk. Hospital infection control compliance has improved outcomes. MRSA surveillance has reduced horizontal spread. No universal, specific recommendations exist to guide surveillance and management of MRSA in the NICU.

Implications for Practice:
Standardized guidelines with procedures for hand hygiene, patient surveillance and isolation, and patient cohorting with recommended staffing patterns should guide practice in the NICU. Both MRSA culture and polymerase chain reaction effectively identify positive patients. Decolonization practices are not yet clear.

Implications for Research:
Evaluation of standard isolation practices versus outbreak response and approaches to neonatal decolonization should be evaluated for efficacy, safety, and resistance.
Sacral Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder
Authors: Jones Christina L. , Fischer John R. , Hernandez Sandra L. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND:
Patients affected with persistent genital arousal disorder report unprovoked, excessive, and unremitting genital arousal unrelated to sexual desire. Those afflicted experience severe physical and psychological distress with significant feelings of shame, guilt, and frustration. Definitive treatment options for this disorder are limited.

CASE:
We present the case of a 32-year-old woman, gravida 1 para 1, with persistent genital arousal disorder after treatment of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection while in a military-deployed environment. After numerous treatment modalities failed, she responded to an implanted sacral neuromodulator.

CONCLUSION:
Persistent genital arousal disorder may be the result of upregulated sacral nerve pathways. We report the use of sacral neuromodulation using unique program settings, which may be an effective alternative in the treatment of this distressing disorder.