bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inappropriate Management of Asymptomatic Patients With Positive Urine Cultures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Flokas Myrto Eleni , Andreatos Nikolaos , Alevizakos Michail , Kalbasi Alireza , Onur Pelin , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Mismanagement of asymptomatic patients with positive urine cultures (referred to as asymptomatic bacteriuria [ASB] in the literature) promotes antimicrobial resistance and results in unnecessary antimicrobial-related adverse events and increased health care costs.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that reported on the rate of inappropriate ASB treatment published from 2004 to August 2016. The appropriateness of antimicrobial administration was based on guidelines published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Results
A total of 2142 nonduplicate articles were identified, and among them 30 fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of antimicrobial treatment among 4129 cases who did not require treatment was 45% (95% CI, 39–50). Isolation of gram-negative pathogens (odds ratio [OR], 3.58; 95% CI, 2.12–6.06), pyuria (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.9–4.22), nitrite positivity (OR, 3.83; 95% CI, 2.24–6.54), and female sex (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.46–3.06) increased the odds of receiving treatment. The rates of treatment were higher in studies with ≥100 000 cfu/mL cutoff values compared with &lt;10 000 cfu/mL for bacterial growth (P, .011). The implementation of educational and organizational interventions designed to eliminate the overtreatment of ASB resulted in a median absolute risk reduction of 33% (rangeARR, 16–36%, medianRRR, 53%; rangeRRR, 25–80%).

Conclusion
The mismanagement of ASB remains extremely frequent. Female sex and the overinterpretation of certain laboratory data (positive nitrites, pyuria, isolation of gram-negative bacteria and cultures with higher microbial count) are associated with overtreatment. Even simple stewardship interventions can be particularly effective, and antimicrobial stewardship programs should focus on the challenge of differentiating true urinary tract infection from ASB.
A large sample of shear-selected clusters from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program S16A Wide field mass maps
Authors: Miyazaki Satoshi , Oguri Masamune , Hamana Takashi , Shirasaki Masato , Koike Michitaro , Komiyama Yutaka , Umetsu Keiichi , Utsumi Yousuke , Okabe Nobuhiro , More Surhud , Medezinski Elinor , Lin Yen-Ting , Miyatake Hironao , Murayama Hitoshi , Ota Naomi , Mitsuishi Ikuyuki 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present the result of searching for clusters of galaxies based on weak gravitational lensing analysis of the ∼160 deg2 area surveyed by Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) as a Subaru Strategic Program. HSC is a new prime focus optical imager with a 1${^{\circ}_{.}}$5-diameter field of view on the 8.2 m Subaru telescope. The superb median seeing on the HSC i-band images of 0${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$56 allows the reconstruction of high angular resolution mass maps via weak lensing, which is crucial for the weak lensing cluster search. We identify 65 mass map peaks with a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio larger than 4.7, and carefully examine their properties by cross-matching the clusters with optical and X-ray cluster catalogs. We find that all the 39 peaks with S/N &gt; 5.1 have counterparts in the optical cluster catalogs, and only 2 out of the 65 peaks are probably false positives. The upper limits of X-ray luminosities from the ROSAT All Sky Survey (RASS) imply the existence of an X-ray underluminous cluster population. We show that the X-rays from the shear-selected clusters can be statistically detected by stacking the RASS images. The inferred average X-ray luminosity is about half that of the X-ray-selected clusters of the same mass. The radial profile of the dark matter distribution derived from the stacking analysis is well modeled by the Navarro–Frenk–White profile with a small concentration parameter value of c500 ∼ 2.5, which suggests that the selection bias on the orientation or the internal structure for our shear-selected cluster sample is not strong.
Quality of Life and Health Utility Scores Among Canadians Living With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury - A National Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Iorio-Morin Christian , Noonan Vanessa K. , White Barry , Noreau Luc , Leblond Jean , Dumont Frédéric S. , Kwon Brian K. , Dvorak Marcel F. , Dea Nicolas 
Published: November 2017

Study Design.
National, multicenter, cross-sectional study.

Objective.
The goal of this study was to provide overall quality of life (QOL) and health utility (HU) values for patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) stratified by injury level and neurological status.

Summary of Background Data.
Traumatic SCI is a leading cause of disability. Varying injury level and severity generate a spectrum of neurological dysfunction and reduction in long-term QOL.

Methods.
The Canadian SCI Community Survey was sent to Canadians living in the community after SCI. The impact of demographics, complications, and SCI classification on QOL was assessed using Analysis of variance, multiple linear regressions and ordinal logistic regression analyses.

Results.
There were 1109 respondents with traumatic SCI. american spinal injury association impairment scale (AIS) grade was reported to be cervical motor complete in 20%, cervical motor incomplete in 28%, thoracolumbar motor complete in 32%, thoracolumbar motor incomplete in 16%, and normal (any level) in 1%. Injury level or AIS grade had no impact on either HU or QOL. The physical component of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was significantly affected by the neurological level, but not the social or mental components. With a mean health utility score of 0.64 ± 0.12, SCI patients living in the community reported having HRQOL similar to patients after total knee arthroplasty or lumbar spinal stenosis decompression.

Conclusion.
QOL or HU measured by generic HRQOL outcome tools should not be used as outcomes to assess the effectiveness of interventions targeting neurological function in traumatic SCI. A disease-specific instrument that captures the nuances specific to spinal cord injury patients is required.

Level of Evidence: 1
Facet Sagittal Orientation
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhao Xiaodong , Long Yaowu , Huang Kai , Xie Dazhi , Wang Feng , Chen Guangfu , Yuan Zhirui , Wang Jixing 
Published: November 2017

Study Design.
A retrospective case-control study.

Objective.
This study aimed to elucidate the association between facet joint orientation and degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS).

Summary of Background Data.
Many studies have demonstrated the relationship between sagittal facet orientation and degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. However, the associations between facet orientation and DLSS have rarely been studied.

Methods.
Ninety-one age-matched and sex-matched patients with DLSS (LSS group) and 91 control participants were consecutively enrolled. Their lumbar facet angles and the dural sac cross-sectional area at L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1 were measured using axial magnetic resonance imaging. The intersection angle of the midsagittal line of the vertebra to the facet line represents the orientation of the facet joint.

Results.
The facet angles on the left side or right side of the LSS group were significantly smaller than the respective ones of the control group. Outcomes of the groups revealed significantly and consistently increasing facet angles from L2-L3 to L5-S1. The dural sac cross-sectional area of the LSS group had significantly smaller measurements values than that of the control group at L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1.

Conclusion.
Sagittalization of lumbar facet joints was considered to be a risk factor for DLSS and may play a role in the pathology of DLSS.

Level of Evidence: 3
A comparison of tests for quantifying sensory eye dominance
Authors: Bossi Manuela , Hamm Lisa , Dahlmann-Noor Annegret , Dakin Steven C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractClinicians rely heavily on stereoacuity to measure binocular visual function, but stereo-vision represents only one aspect of binocularity. Lab-based tests ofsensory eye dominance(SED) are commonplace, but have not been translated to wider clinical practice. Here we compare several methods of quantifying SED in a format suitable for clinical use. We tested 30 participants with ostensibly normal vision on 8 tests. Seven tests (#1-7) were designed to quantify SED in the form of an interocularbalance-point(BP). In tests #1-6, we estimated acontrast-BP, the interocular difference in contrast required for observers to be equally likely to base their judgement on either eye, whereas in test #7 we measured binocular rivalry (interocular ratio of sensory dominance duration). We compare test-retest reliability (intra-observer consistency) and test-validity (inter-observer discriminatory power) and compare BP to stereoacuity (test #8). The test that best preserved inter-observer differences in contrast balance while maintaining good test-retest reliability was a polarity judgement using superimposed opposite-contrast polarity same-identity optotypes. A reliable and valid measure of SED can be obtained rapidly (20 trials) using a simple contrast-polarity judgement. Tests that use polarity-rivalrous stimuli elicit more reliable judgments than those that do not.Significance StatementAlthough sensory eye dominance is central to understanding normal and disordered binocular vision, there is currently no consensus as to the best way to measure it. Here we compare several candidate measures of sensory eye dominance and conclude that a reliable measure of SED can be achieved rapidly using a judgement of stimulus contrast-polarity.
Prevention and reversion of pancreatic tumorigenesis through a differentiation-based mechanism
Authors: Krah Nathan M. , Yugawa Deanne , Straley Julie , Wright Christopher V. E. , MacDonald Raymond J. , Murtaugh L. Charles 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYActivating mutations in Kras are nearly ubiquitous in human pancreatic cancer and initiate precancerous pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs) when induced in adult murine acinar cells. PanINs normally take months to form, but can be rapidly induced by genetic deletion of acinar cell differentiation factors such as Ptf1a, suggesting that loss of mature cell identity is a rate-limiting step in pancreatic tumor initiation. Using a novel genetic mouse model that allows for independent control of oncogenic Kras and Ptf1a expression, we demonstrate that maintained activity of Ptf1a is sufficient to eliminate Kras-driven tumorigenesis, even in the presence of tumor-promoting inflammation. Furthermore, reintroduction of Ptf1a into established PanINs reverts their phenotype in vivo. Our results suggest that reactivation of an endogenous differentiation program can prevent and reverse oncogenesis in cells harboring tumor driving mutations, thus introducing a novel paradigm for solid tumor prevention and treatment.
Topography and refractometry of sperm cells using SLIM
Authors: Liu Lina , Kandel Mikhail E. , Rubessa Marcello , Schreiber Sierra , Wheeler Mathew , Popescu Gabriel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCharacterization of spermatozoon viability is a common test in treating infertility. Recently, it has been shown that label-free, phase-sensitive imaging can provide a valuable alternative for this type of assay. Here, we employ spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) to decouple the thickness and refractive index information of individual cells. This procedure was enabled by quantitative phase imaging cells on media of two different refractive indices and using a numerical tool to remove the curvature from the cell tails. This way, we achieved ensemble averaging of topography and refractometry of 100 cells in each of the two groups. The results show that the thickness profile of the cell tail goes down to 150 nm and the refractive index can reach values of 1.6 close to the head.
Root grooves on two adjacent anterior teeth ofAustralopithecus africanus
Authors: Towle Ian , Irish Joel D. , Elliott Marina , De Groote Isabelle 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTooth root grooves and other ante-mortem dental tissue loss not associated with caries found on or near the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) are commonly termed non-carious cervical lesions. Three main processes are implicated in forming these lesions: abrasion, dental erosion, and abfraction. As yet, these lesions have not been described in non-Homohominins. In this study South African fossil hominin collections were examined for evidence of any type of non-carious cervical lesion. Only one individual shows ante-mortem root grooves consistent with non-carious cervical lesions. Two teeth, a mandibular right permanent lateral incisor (STW 270) and canine (STW 213), belonging to the sameAustralopithecus africanusindividual, show clear ante-mortem grooves on the labial root surface. These lesions start below the CEJ, extend over a third of the way toward the apex, and taper to a point towards the lingual side. Microscopic examination revealed no clear directional striations. The shape of these grooves is extremely similar to clinical examples of dental erosion, with the lack of striations supporting this diagnosis. These are the oldest hominin examples of non-carious cervical lesions and first described in a genus other thanHomo; further, the lesions suggest that this individual regularly consumed or processed acidic food items.
Chasing a moving target: Detection of mitochondrial heteroplasmy for clinical diagnostics
Authors: White Eric J. , Ross Tristen , Lopez Edgardo , Nikiforov Anastasia , Gault Christopher , Batorsky Rebecca , Darcy Christopher , Campagna Dean R. , Fleming Mark D. , Thompson John F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractClinical interpretation of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants has been challenging for technical and biological reasons but the involvement of dysfunctional mitochondria in many diseases makes it imperative to have a validated assay for detecting pathogenic variants. We have tested several methods to identify those best suited to detect and confirm mtDNA variants. The choice of methods is dependent on the amount of DNA available for testing and the sensitivity required for detecting low-level heteroplasmies. There is a tradeoff between a polymerase’s ability to amplify small amounts of DNA and its ability to generate accurate sequence. We report a simple method to measure heteroplasmy levels of large deletions from NGS data alone without need for qPCR or other methods. Use of HapMap samples for standardization needs to be done with caution as most have novel heteroplasmic sites that have arisen during immortalization/cell culture processes. Different batches of DNA can have variable sequence. In contrast, we observed node novoheteroplasmies in healthy mother-child pairs studied using blood or saliva though the frequency of pre-existing heteroplasmies often changed dramatically across generations. Long-read nanopore sequencing of individuals with two heteroplasmies suggested a random distribution of variants on single molecules but technical artifacts prevent certainty on this finding. Urine provides an additional readily accessible source of mtDNA that can be used for bone marrow transplant recipients whose saliva/blood mtDNA may be contaminated by the BMT donor’s mtDNA. We have characterized cells suspended in urine via expression profiling and shown them to be primarily mucosal cells that are independent of blood. Understanding the pitfalls of the various mtDNA sequencing methods allows development of reliable and accurate tests suitable for clinical diagnostics.Author SummaryMitochondrial DNA is important for many diseases but it is present at many copies per cell so is harder to check for mutations compared to nuclear DNA. We have studied mitochondrial DNA in different ways to see how it changes across generations and in different locations in the body. The tests need to be much more sensitive than nuclear DNA tests so that we can detect mutations down to 1%. We have shown that mitochondrial DNA changes when cell lines are used but saliva, blood and cells in the urine can all be used for testing. Cells in the urine originate as mucosal cells and are independent of blood. We developed a new method for analyzing large deletions that means sequencing data alone can be used for measuring the frequency of deletions. We also followed a family with two variable sites to better understand how mitochondrial DNA changes from mother to child. In some children, the variants stayed the same while, in others, variants disappeared.
Beekeeping as a family artisan entrepreneurship business
Authors: Ramadani Veland , Hisrich Robert D. , Dana Leo-Paul , Palalic Ramo , Panthi Laxman 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThroughout Macedonia, beekeeping is becoming popular regardless of ethnicity. Studying ethnicity, the purpose of this paper is to determine what beekeepers in Macedonia thought in their own words about their beekeeping entrepreneurship. The objective is to identify whether motivations of ethnic Albanian beekeepers in Macedonia were the same or different compared to those of ethnic Macedonians in the same country, and if different, how.Design/methodology/approachTo accomplish this objective, in-depth interviews were conducted with 40 beekeepers in Macedonia. A total of 29 interviews were conducted face-to-face and the other 11 by phone. The first set of interviews took place between December 2016 and February 2017, followed by more interviews in June 2017. In total, 27 respondents said they were ethnic Albanians, and 13 identified themselves as ethnic Macedonians. Also, ten respondents were women. While eight were full-time beekeepers, 32 were part-time beekeepers.FindingsThe results indicated that beekeeping businesses play a significant role in the transition economy of Macedonia. Beekeeping provides additional earnings that support rural families and keeps them financially stable. The majority of both Albanians and Macedonians understood that beekeeping on a part-time job basis provided a needed supplement to their income. Some part-time beekeepers are also working as auto-mechanics, locksmiths, medical doctors, restaurant/cafeteria owners, and tailors. A few in the sample were retired from their jobs or full-time beekeepers. An important difference between ethnic Albanian beekeepers and ethnic Macedonians in Macedonia is that the majority of ethnic Albanian participants see beekeeping as following in “my father’s footsteps”, while most Macedonians were motivated by the perceived opportunity of having a good business.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of the research are twofold. First, financial data of family beekeeping are not available, which would be useful in determining the contribution made to economic development. It is common, especially in transition economies such as the western Balkans, that financial results are very sensitive to their owners. Second, unavailable databases for beekeepers make any quantitative approach difficult, if not impossible, resulting in most research using the qualitative research approach.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first to treat beekeeping as a form of artisan entrepreneurship, which also contributes to the understanding of family business. As in other countries, the important and operation of the family business among family members in Macedonia is passed from generation to generation. The results of this research revealed the value of networking, which was found to be very important to income. For beekeepers to develop, grow, and be branded in the community, networking is an important ingredient.
Business customers’ readiness to adopt manufacturer’s new services
Authors: Vaittinen Eija , Martinsuo Miia , Ortt Roland 
Published: November 2017

PurposeFor successful servitization, manufacturing firms must understand how their customers adopt new services. The purpose of this paper is to explore customers’ readiness for a manufacturer’s new services to complement its goods. The goal is to increase knowledge of the aspects that manufacturers should consider when bringing new kinds of services to market.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative case study design is used to analyze readiness for services and interest in service adoption in three customer firms of a manufacturer. The interview data were collected from 14 persons at customer sites and were content analyzed.FindingsThe results show that readiness – a concept that is often used in the field of technology – is relevant also for the service adoption process. In a business-to-business context, readiness for service adoption concerns the individual and organizational levels, and hence a new dimension of organizational culture and habits had to be added to the concept that originally focuses on individuals. People consider different factors when making consecutive decisions during the service adoption process and these factors can vary even within a company. The cornerstone for new service adoption is the customer firm’s actual need for the service.Originality/valueThe results offer new knowledge about service adoption in a business-to-business context by taking a customer firm’s perspective. They, thus, complement previous studies on the supplier perspective of servitization and service adoption in consumer business. The contributions help manufacturers focus their efforts when bringing new services to market.
How feathered are birds? Environment predicts both the mass and density of body feathers
Authors: Osváth Gergely , Daubner Timea , Dyke Gareth , Fuisz Tibor I. , Nord Andreas , Pénzes Janka , Vargancsik Dorottya , Vágási Csongor I. , Vincze Orsolya , Pap Péter L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStudies modelling heat transfer of bird plumage design suggest that insulative properties can be attributed to the density and structure of the downy layer, whereas waterproofing is the result of the outer layer, comprised of contour feathers. In this study, we test how habitat and thermal condition affect feather mass and density of body feathers (contour, semiplume and downy feathers) measured on the ventral and dorsal sides of the body, using a phylogenetic comparative analysis of 152 bird species.Our results demonstrate that feather mass and the density of downy feathers are higher in species that inhabit colder environments, whereas total feather density is higher of species breeding under intermediate temperatures compared to the ones breeding under more extreme conditions. The density of contour feathers, depending on the body region, is either quadratically related or negatively correlated with minimum winter temperature.The density of contour and downy feathers, measured on both sides of the body, is higher in aquatic than in terrestrial birds. However, among the former, diving behaviour does not select for further increases in body feather mass or density.The results of this study provides key insights into how the plumage of birds is adapted to different environments and lifestyles and provides a basis for understanding the diverse range and the evolution of variation in these characteristics.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.