bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apathy dimensions in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Radakovic Ratko , Davenport Richard , Starr John M. , Abrahams Sharon 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveApathy is a prominent and disabling symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is a multidimensional behaviour, but which dimensions are specifically affected is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Dimensional Apathy Scale (DAS) and explore the multidimensional profile of apathy in PD patients.MethodsThirty‐four PD patients, with 30 of their informants/carers, and 34 healthy controls, with 30 of their informants, completed the DAS, Apathy Evaluation Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form. Motor staging and independent living status were recorded.ResultsComparative group analyses revealed that PD patients were significantly more apathetic on self‐rated executive (p = 0.01) and initiation (p = 0.03) dimensions than controls, where only executive apathy was significantly higher in ratings of patients' informants/carers compared with controls' informants (p = 0.02). A third of patients were impaired on at least one apathy dimension. Additionally, patients with apathy tended to have more impaired activities of daily living, while none of the apathy dimensions related to motor disability.ConclusionOur findings show the DAS is a valid and reliable multidimensional apathy tool for use in PD. PD is characterised by an executive apathy profile as determined by informants/carers, although patients described both executive and initiation apathy. This indicates a lack of motivation for planning, organisation and attention and lack of initiation of thoughts or behaviours. Further research is needed to determine the cognitive underpinnings of this emerging apathy profile and the clinical impact in PD. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Trifluoromethyl Anion: Evidence for [K(crypt‐222)]+
Authors: Miloserdov Fedor M. , Konovalov Andrey I. , Martin Eddy , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Lishchynskyi Anton , Grushin Vladimir V. 
Published: March 2017

[K(crypt‐222)]+ (1) and [K(crypt‐222)]+ (3) are isostructural, displaying nearly identical unit cell parameters. The two structures are similar to the extent that the previously reported [K(crypt‐222)]+ model can be refined against the new data for [K(crypt‐222)]+ , with extra electron density being observed from the fourth fluorine atom of the . In agreement with experimental observations, theoretical calculations suggest that deprotonated [K(crypt‐222)]+ is highly unstable even at as low as 195 K. The previously considered 1:1 CHF3 clathrate of deprotonated [K(crypt‐222)]+ (crystallographically indistinguishable from 1) is ruled out on the basis of all available data.
Application of BOLD MRI and DTI for the evaluation of renal effect related to viscosity of iodinated contrast agent in a rat model
Authors: Wang Yi , Ren Ke , Liu Yi , Sun Wen‐ge , Wang Jia‐huan , Zhang Xin , Wu Cheng‐hua 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the effects of viscosity of contrast agent (CA) on intrarenal oxygenation and diffusion as measured by blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in a rat model.Materials and MethodsRadiocontrast iodixanol formulated in three viscosities were designated 270, 320, and 350 (mg iodine/mL). Sixty‐three male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Saline and iodixanol (4 g iodine/kg) were administered. MR images were acquired on a 3.0T scanner at baseline and at 1 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours postinjection of solutions. BOLD‐MRI was performed with a multiple gradient‐recalled‐echo sequence. The changes in R2*, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), histology, and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) immunoexpression were evaluated. The R2*, ADC, and FA values were normalized to baseline to calculate ΔR2*, ΔADC, and ΔFA.ResultsCompared with baseline levels, distinct elevation of ΔR2* (P < 0.05) and obvious decrease in ΔADC (P < 0.01) and ΔFA (P < 0.05) were observed in all the anatomical compartments at 1 hour after administration of CA. The absolute values in ΔR2*, ΔADC, and ΔFA increased with increases in CA viscosity, and differed significantly between the CA groups in renal cortex (CO), outer stripe of outer medulla (OSOM), and inner stripe of outer medulla (ISOM) (all P < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between ΔR2* and HIF‐1α expression (P < 0.001, r = 0.75). Significant negative correlations were observed between ΔADC, ΔFA, and pathologies in CO, OSOM, ISOM (all P < 0.001, r = –0.68–0.87; all P < 0.001, r = –0.60–0.66).ConclusionThe effect of CA viscosity on intrarenal oxygenation and diffusion was viscosity‐dependent, and was identified using BOLD‐MRI and DTI.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1320–1331.
Changes in start, end, and length of frost‐free season across Northeast China
Authors: Wang Lei , Wu Zhengfang , He Hongshi , Wang Fuxue , Du Haibo , Zong Shengwei 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTOn the basis of the daily minimum temperature, records of 109 meteorological stations over Northeastern China (NEC) from 1961 to 2013 and the output data of eight models from CMIP5, this study investigates the recent and future spatiotemporal changes of the frost‐free season. The results show that the date of last spring frost (LSFD) has a significant decreasing trend. Stations exhibiting significant negative trends are mostly distributed in the eastern Jilin Province and the Midwest of Heilongjiang Province. The date of first fall frost (FFFD) and length of frost‐free season (LFFS) both show significant increasing trends. The spatial patterns of stations showing significant positive trends in the FFFD and LFFS are similar, which are mainly located in the middle part of Eastern Inner Mongolia and the south and middle parts of Changbai Mountains. The LFFSs have significant increasing trends with the magnitudes of 0.49 days/decade for RCP2.6, 1.62 days/decade for RCP4.5, and 3.85 days/decade for RCP8.5 during 2006–2100. The southern Liaoning Province and the northwestern NEC will experience the longer LFFS under each scenario between 2071 and 2100. The frost‐free season indices have significant correlations with the Northern Hemisphere Polar Vortex Area index. The atmospheric circulation patterns of an anticyclonic circulation anomaly prevailed over the Lake Baikal region and a cyclonic circulation anomaly located in the northwest Pacific Ocean in springs and an anticyclonic circulation anomaly prevailed over the south part of the Russian Far East in falls block more cold air flowing into NEC, which result in the earlier LSFD and later FFFD. The adverse patterns in springs and in falls could bring out the later LSFD and earlier LSFD, respectively. Our results could benefit the prevention and reduction of frost disaster and provide a reference for the policy‐making of future crop production.
Synthesis of organic sulfobetaine‐based polymer gel electrolyte for dye‐sensitized solar cell application
Authors: Tarannum Nazia , Varishetty Madhu Mohan 
Published: March 2017

We have synthesized eco‐friendly, economic, and equally efficient polysulfobetaine‐based gel electrolyte to the alternative of liquid electrolyte in the fabrication of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) for the first time. This nitrogen‐rich and highly conductive polysulfobetaine was synthesized by an easy and facile method without the use of any catalyst and explored for its DSSC application. The synthesized polymer gel electrolyte exhibited good ionic conductivity about 6.8 × 10−3 Scm−1 at ambient temperatures. DSSCs were fabricated based on this polysulfobetaine gel electrolyte and studied for their performance based on photovoltaic parameters. The DSSC photovoltaic results were appreciable and are Voc = 0.82 V, Jsc = 11.49 mA/cm2, FF = 66%, and PCE = 6.26% at 1 sun intensity. These values are slightly lower than conventional liquid electrolyte‐based DSSC shown as Voc = 0.78 V, Jsc = 12.90 mA/cm2, FF = 69%, and PCE = 7.07%, both at 100 mWcm−2. Conductivity and photovoltaic parameters of the device reveals that as prepared polysulfobetaine‐based polymer gel electrolyte may be useful in the fabrication of DSSC and other electrochemical devices. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition as a possible therapeutic target in peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer
Authors: Rynne‐Vidal Angela , Au‐Yeung Chi Lam , Jiménez‐Heffernan José A , Pérez‐Lozano María Luisa , Cremades‐Jimeno Lucía , Bárcena Carmen , Cristóbal‐García Ignacio , Fernández‐Chacón Concepción , Yeung Tsz Lun , Mok Samuel C , Sandoval Pilar , López‐Cabrera Manuel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPeritoneal dissemination is the primary metastatic route of ovarian cancer (OvCa), and is often accompanied by the accumulation of ascitic fluid. The peritoneal cavity is lined by mesothelial cells (MCs), which can be converted into carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) through mesothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (MMT). Here, we demonstrate that MCs isolated from ascitic fluid (AFMCs) of OvCa patients with peritoneal implants also undergo MMT and promote subcutaneous tumour growth in mice. RNA sequencing of AFMCs revealed that MMT‐related pathways – including transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signalling – are differentially regulated, and a gene signature was verified in peritoneal implants from OvCa patients. In a mouse model, pre‐induction of MMT resulted in increased peritoneal tumour growth, whereas interfering with the TGF‐β receptor reduced metastasis. MC‐derived CAFs showed activation of Smad‐dependent TGF‐β signalling, which was disrupted in OvCa cells, despite their elevated TGF‐β production. Accordingly, targeting Smad‐dependent signalling in the peritoneal pre‐metastatic niche in mice reduced tumour colonization, suggesting that Smad‐dependent MMT could be crucial in peritoneal carcinomatosis. Together, these results indicate that bidirectional communication between OvCa cells and MC‐derived CAFs, via TGF‐β‐mediated MMT, seems to be crucial to form a suitable metastatic niche. We suggest MMT as a possible target for therapeutic intervention and a potential source of biomarkers for improving OvCa diagnosis and/or prognosis. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Treated with IV Beta‐Lactam/Beta‐Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations
Authors: Rutter W. Cliff , Burgess David S. 
Published: March 2017

Study ObjectiveIncreased acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence has been reported in patients receiving piperacillin‐tazobactam (PTZ) therapy compared with other β‐lactams. The authors sought to determine if the addition of β‐lactamase inhibitors impacts AKI incidence by comparing patients treated with PTZ or ampicillin‐sulbactam (SAM).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingLarge academic tertiary care hospital.PatientsOverall, 2448 patients received PTZ (n=1836) or SAM (n=612) for at least 48 hours between September 1, 2007, and September 30, 2015. Patients were excluded for pregnancy, cystic fibrosis, chronic kidney disease, and initial creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min. Patients were matched on Charlson Comorbidity Index, initial creatinine clearance, hypotension exposure, various nephrotoxic drug exposures, history of diabetes, heart failure, and hypertension.Measurements and Main resultsAKI occurred in 265 patients at similar rates for both groups (PTZ 11.4% vs SAM 9.2%; p=0.14). After stratifying by vancomycin exposure and controlling for confounders, there was no difference in the risk of AKI for SAM or PTZ (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–1.25). The addition of vancomycin (VAN) to PTZ increased the likelihood of AKI compared with PTZ alone (aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.26–2.46). Concomitant SAM and VAN therapy was not associated with a significant increase in AKI compared with SAM monotherapy (aOR 1.01, 95% CI 0.48–1.97).ConclusionRates of AKI were similar for PTZ and SAM in a matched cohort. The addition of a β‐lactamase inhibitor is not likely the mechanism in the observed increased rates of AKI in patients treated with vancomycin and PTZ.
Novel Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Human Prostate‐Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) as Research and Theranostic Tools
Authors: Nováková Zora , Foss Catherine A. , Copeland Benjamin T. , Morath Volker , Baranová Petra , Havlínová Barbora , Skerra Arne , Pomper Martin G. , Barinka Cyril 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDProstate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a validated target for the imaging and therapy of prostate cancer. Here, we report the detailed characterization of four novel murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing human PSMA as well as PSMA orthologs from different species.METHODSPerformance of purified mAbs was assayed using a comprehensive panel of in vitro experimental setups including Western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, flow cytometry, and surface‐plasmon resonance. Furthermore, a mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer was used to compare the suitability of the mAbs for in vivo applications.RESULTSAll mAbs demonstrate high specificity for PSMA as documented by the lack of cross‐reactivity to unrelated human proteins. The 3F11 and 1A11 mAbs bind linear epitopes spanning residues 226–243 and 271–288 of human PSMA, respectively. 3F11 is also suitable for the detection of PSMA orthologs from mouse, pig, dog, and rat in experimental setups where the denatured form of PSMA is used. 5D3 and 5B1 mAbs recognize distinct surface‐exposed conformational epitopes and are useful for targeting PSMA in its native conformation. Most importantly, using a mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer we show that both the intact 5D3 and its Fab fragment are suitable for in vivo imaging.CONCLUSIONSWith apparent affinities of 0.14 and 1.2 nM as determined by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively, 5D3 has approximately 10‐fold higher affinity for PSMA than the clinically validated mAb J591 and, therefore, is a prime candidate for the development of next‐generation theranostics to target PSMA. Prostate 77:749–764, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Introduction to functional safety assessments of safety controls, alarms, and interlocks: How efficient are your functional safety projects?
Authors: Roche Eloise , Hochleitner Monica , Summers Angela 
Published: March 2017

The return on investment (ROI) for safety controls, alarms, and interlocks (SCAI) can be significantly impacted by human error, which can occur during any lifecycle activity and be committed by competent workers. Design, installation, testing, maintenance, and operational practices are often repeated throughout a site, lowering the ROI with each flawed installation. A functional safety assessment (FSA) is a tool used to identify and correct defects before a simple human error allows an incident to propagate in spite of the capital spent on the installed SCAI equipment.Significant efficiency can be gained when FSAs are periodically conducted during the SCAI lifecycle, so that critical information is gathered when needed. This article will discuss the internationally endorsed five‐stage approach to FSA. The purpose and content of each FSA stage is reviewed and execution timing is suggested that focuses project resources to maximize FSA benefit to project cost and schedule. Finally, a case study illustrates how lack of effective and timely FSA contributed to the occurrence of a costly and catastrophic loss event. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 36: 392–398, 2017
Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Calculous Cholecystitis: Is it Time for a Change?
Authors: Yuval Jonathan B. , Mizrahi Ido , Mazeh Haggi , Weiss Daniel J. , Almogy Gidon , Bala Miklosh , Kuchuk Eran , Siam Baha , Simanovsky Natalia , Eid Ahmed , Pikarsky Alon J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground
Our aim was to evaluate the advantages and limitations of delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in a tertiary center.Materials and methods
A retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to our institution with acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) between January 2003 and December of 2012 was performed. Data collected included patient demographics and comorbidities, presenting symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging results, length of stay (LOS), time to surgery, and surgical complications.Results
A total of 1078 patients were admitted with ACC. There were 593 females (55%), and the mean age was 57 ± 0.6 years. Mean LOS at initial admission, re‐admission until surgery, and following surgery was 7.9 ± 0.2, 1.5 ± 0.1, and 3.4 ± 0.2 days, respectively. Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) tube was inserted in 24% of the patients. Only 640 (59%) patients eventually underwent LC. Mean time to surgery was 97 ± 9.8 days, and 16.4% of patients were readmitted in this time period resulting in a mean total LOS of 10.6 ± 0.2 days. Conversion rate to open surgery was 5.8% and bile duct injury occurred in 1.1%. Postoperative complications occurred in 9.8% of the patients, and 30‐day mortality was 0.6%. Patients with more severe inflammation according to Tokyo Criteria grade were more likely to undergo PC, were more likely to be readmitted while waiting for LC, and also had more postoperative complications.ConclusionsDelayed LC is associated with significant loss of follow‐up, long LOS, and higher than expected use of PC. Conversion rates are lower than in the literature while rates of bile duct injury and mortality are comparable. We believe these data as well as the available literature are sufficient to change our hospital policy regarding the surgical treatment of ACC from delayed to early same admission surgery in appropriate cases.
High-performance recombinant protein production with Escherichia coli in continuously operated cascades of stirred-tank reactors
Authors: Schmideder Andreas , Weuster-Botz Dirk 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The microbial expression of intracellular, recombinant proteins in continuous bioprocesses suffers from low product concentrations. Hence, a process for the intracellular production of photoactivatable mCherry with Escherichia coli in a continuously operated cascade of two stirred-tank reactors was established to separate biomass formation (first reactor) and protein expression (second reactor) spatially. Cascades of miniaturized stirred-tank reactors were implemented, which enable the 24-fold parallel characterization of cascade processes and the direct scale-up of results to the liter scale. With PAmCherry concentrations of 1.15 g L−1 cascades of stirred-tank reactors improved the process performance significantly compared to production processes in chemostats. In addition, an optimized fed-batch process was outperformed regarding space–time yield (149 mg L−1 h−1). This study implicates continuous cascade processes to be a promising alternative to fed-batch processes for microbial protein production and demonstrates that miniaturized stirred-tank reactors can reduce the timeline and costs for cascade process characterization.
Homocysteine as a peripheral biomarker in bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis
Authors: Salagre E. , Vizuete A.F. , Leite M. , Brownstein D.J. , McGuinness A. , Jacka F. , Dodd S. , Stubbs B. , Köhler C.A. , Vieta E. , Carvalho A.F. , Berk M. , Fernandes B.S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground:Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disorder with an uncertain aetiology. Recently, special attention has been given to homocysteine (Hcy), as it has been suggested that alterations in 1-carbon metabolism might be implicated in diverse psychiatric disorders. However, there is uncertainty regarding possible alterations in peripheral Hcy levels in BD.Methods:This study comprises a meta-analysis comparing serum and plasma Hcy levels in persons with BD and healthy controls. We conducted a systematic search for all eligible English and non-English peer-reviewed articles.Results:Nine cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analyses, providing data on 1547 participants. Random-effects meta-analysis showed that serum and plasma levels of Hcy were increased in subjects with BD in either mania or euthymia when compared to healthy controls, with a large effect size in the mania group (g= 0.98, 95% CI: 0.8–1.17,P< 0.001,n= 495) and a small effect in the euthymia group (g= 0.3, 95% CI: 0.11–0.48,P= 0.002,n= 1052).Conclusions:Our meta-analysis provides evidence that Hcy levels are elevated in persons with BD during mania and euthymia. Peripheral Hcy could be considered as a potential biomarker in BD, both of trait (since it is increased in euthymia), and also of state (since its increase is more accentuated in mania). Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the relationship between bipolar disorder and Hcy, as well as the usefulness of peripheral Hcy as both a trait and state biomarker in BD.
Early and late change on the preclinical Alzheimer's cognitive composite in clinically normal older individuals with elevated amyloid β
Authors: Mormino Elizabeth C. , Papp Kathryn V. , Rentz Dorene M. , Donohue Michael C. , Amariglio Rebecca , Quiroz Yakeel T. , Chhatwal Jasmeer , Marshall Gad A. , Donovan Nancy , Jackson Jonathan , Gatchel Jennifer R. , Hanseeuw Bernard J. , Schultz Aaron P. , Aisen Paul S. , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionSensitive detection of cognitive decline over the course of preclinical Alzheimer's disease is critical as the field moves toward secondary prevention trials.MethodsWe examined amyloid β (Aβ)‐related change in several variations of the preclinical Alzheimer cognitive composite (PACC) and each individual PACC component in clinically normal (CN) older participants in the Harvard Aging Brain Study. We then examined the PACC variations in the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Prevention Instrument Study as a replication cohort.ResultsAβ+ CN individuals demonstrated longitudinal decline on all individual PACC components and all PACC variations. Aβ group differences emerged earlier when Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test Free Recall was included in the PACC. PACC decline was associated with Clinical Dementia Rating progression.DiscussionThis independent data set and a replication cohort confirm the ability of the PACC to capture both early and late cognitive decline during the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease, which may prove advantageous in the prevention trial design.