bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Gas Composition Used in Plasma Chemical Vaporization Machining for Figuring of Reaction-Sintered Silicon Carbide with Low Surface Roughness
Authors: Sun Rongyan , Yang Xu , Ohkubo Yuji , Endo Katsuyoshi , Yamamura Kazuya 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn recent years, reaction-sintered silicon carbide (RS-SiC) has been of interest in many engineering fields because of its excellent properties, such as its light weight, high rigidity, high heat conductance and low coefficient of thermal expansion. However, RS-SiC is difficult to machine owing to its high hardness and chemical inertness and because it contains multiple components. To overcome the problem of the poor machinability of RS-SiC in conventional machining, the application of atmospheric-pressure plasma chemical vaporization machining (AP-PCVM) to RS-SiC was proposed. As a highly efficient and damage-free figuring technique, AP-PCVM has been widely applied for the figuring of single-component materials, such as Si, SiC, quartz crystal wafers, and so forth. However, it has not been applied to RS-SiC since it is composed of multiple components. In this study, we investigated the AP-PCVM etching characteristics for RS-SiC by optimizing the gas composition. It was found that the different etching rates of the different components led to a large surface roughness. A smooth surface was obtained by applying the optimum gas composition, for which the etching rate of the Si component was equal to that of the SiC component.
Selective Inhibition of Succinate Dehydrogenase in Reperfused Myocardium with Intracoronary Malonate Reduces Infarct Size
Authors: Valls-Lacalle Laura , Barba Ignasi , Miró-Casas Elisabet , Ruiz-Meana Marisol , Rodríguez-Sinovas Antonio , García-Dorado David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) with malonate during reperfusion reduces infarct size in isolated mice hearts submitted to global ischemia. However, malonate has toxic effects that preclude its systemic administration in animals. Here we investigated the effect of intracoronary malonate on infarct size in pigs submitted to transient coronary occlusion. Under baseline conditions, 50 mmol/L of intracoronary disodium malonate, but not lower concentrations, transiently reduced systolic segment shortening in the region perfused by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in open-chest pigs. To assess the effects of SDH inhibition on reperfusion injury, saline or malonate 10 mmol/L were selectively infused into the area at risk in 38 animals submitted to ischemia-reperfusion. Malonate improved systolic shortening in the area at risk two hours after 15 min of ischemia (0.18 ± 0.07 vs 0.00 ± 0.01 a.u., p = 0.025, n = 3). In animals submitted to 40 min of ischemia, malonate reduced reactive oxygen species production (MitoSOX staining) during initial reperfusion and limited infarct size (36.46 ± 5.35 vs 59.62 ± 4.00%, p = 0.002, n = 11), without modifying reperfusion arrhythmias. In conclusion, inhibition of SDH with intracoronary malonate during early reperfusion limits reperfusion injury and infarct size in pigs submitted to transient coronary occlusion without modifying reperfusion arrhythmias or contractile function in distant myocardium.
Randomized controlled clinical trial on bleaching sensitivity and whitening efficacy of hydrogen peroxide versus combinations of hydrogen peroxide and ozone
Authors: AL-Omiri Mahmoud K. , Al Nazeh Abdullah A. , Kielbassa Andrej M. , Lynch Edward 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe clinical efficacy regarding bleaching sensitivity and tooth shade lightening using a standard hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching gel was compared with the additional use of ozone either before or after application of H2O2. Using computer-generated tables, 45 participants were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 15 each) in this investigator-driven, single-centre trial. In Group 1, upper anterior teeth were bleached using ozone (produced via a healOzone X4 device) for 60 seconds, then 38% H2O2 for 20 minutes; in Group 2, 38% H2O2 application (20 min) was followed by ozone (60 s); air produced by the healOzone machine (60 s) followed by 38% H2O2 (20 min) was used in Group 3 (control). Bleaching sensitivity was evaluated via visual analogue scales, and a treatment-blinded reader objectively recorded tooth shades using a colorimeter before and 24 hours after bleaching (at α = 0.05). The H2O2/ozone combination did not result in pain sensations, while both ozone/H2O2 and H2O2 alone increased bleaching sensitivity (p < 0.001). Teeth achieved lighter shades (higher L*/lower b* values) after bleaching in all groups (p < 0.001), while Ozone boosted lighter tooth shades, irrespective of its use before or after H2O2 (p < 0.05). Due to the complimentary effects, applying ozone after H2O2 seems preferable for bleaching.
Fast assessment of lipid content in arteries in vivo by intravascular photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Cao Yingchun , Kole Ayeeshik , Hui Jie , Zhang Yi , Mai Jieying , Alloosh Mouhamad , Sturek Michael , Cheng Ji-Xin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntravascular photoacoustic tomography is an emerging technology for mapping lipid deposition within an arterial wall for the investigation of the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques to rupture. By converting localized laser absorption in lipid-rich biological tissue into ultrasonic waves through thermoelastic expansion, intravascular photoacoustic tomography is uniquely capable of imaging the entire arterial wall with chemical selectivity and depth resolution. However, technical challenges, including an imaging catheter with sufficient sensitivity and depth and a functional sheath material without significant signal attenuation and artifact generation for both photoacoustics and ultrasound, have prevented in vivo application of intravascular photoacoustic imaging for clinical translation. Here, we present a highly sensitive quasi-collinear dual-mode photoacoustic/ultrasound catheter with elaborately selected sheath material, and demonstrated the performance of our intravascular photoacoustic tomography system by in vivo imaging of lipid distribution in rabbit aortas under clinically relevant conditions at imaging speeds up to 16 frames per second. Ex vivo evaluation of fresh human coronary arteries further confirmed the performance of our imaging system for accurate lipid localization and quantification of the entire arterial wall, indicating its clinical significance and translational capability.
Laminar Flow Attenuates Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Expression in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Qiao Congzhen , Li Shengdi , Lu Haocheng , Meng Fan , Fan Yanbo , Guo Yanhong , Chen Y. Eugene , Zhang Jifeng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a non-canonical cytokine that is involved in multiple inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. High MIF expression found in leukocytes which facilitates the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. However, little is known about biomechanical forces in the induction of MIF in endothelial cells (ECs). Here, we show that laminar shear stress (LS) inhibits the expression of MIF in ECs. By profiling the whole transcriptome of human coronary artery ECs under different shear stress, we found that athero-protective LS attenuates the expression of MIF whereas pro-atherosclerotic oscillatory shear stress (OS) significantly increased the expression of MIF. En face staining of rabbit aorta revealed high MIF immunoreactivity in lesser curvature as well as arterial bifurcation areas where OS is predominant. Mechanistically, we found that Krüpple like factor 2 (KLF2) is required for inhibition of MIF expression in ECs in the context of shear stress. Knockdown of KLF2 abolishes LS-dependent MIF inhibition while overexpression of KLF2 significantly attenuated MIF expression. Overall, the present work showed that MIF is a shear stress-sensitive cytokine and is transcriptionally regulated by KLF2, suggesting that LS exerts its athero-protective effect in part by directly inhibiting pro-inflammatory MIF expression.
Fast and accurate view classification of echocardiograms using deep learning
Authors: Madani Ali , Arnaout Ramy , Mofrad Mohammad , Arnaout Rima 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEchocardiography is essential to cardiology. However, the need for human interpretation has limited echocardiography’s full potential for precision medicine. Deep learning is an emerging tool for analyzing images but has not yet been widely applied to echocardiograms, partly due to their complex multi-view format. The essential first step toward comprehensive computer-assisted echocardiographic interpretation is determining whether computers can learn to recognize these views. We trained a convolutional neural network to simultaneously classify 15 standard views (12 video, 3 still), based on labeled still images and videos from 267 transthoracic echocardiograms that captured a range of real-world clinical variation. Our model classified among 12 video views with 97.8% overall test accuracy without overfitting. Even on single low-resolution images, accuracy among 15 views was 91.7% vs. 70.2–84.0% for board-certified echocardiographers. Data visualization experiments showed that the model recognizes similarities among related views and classifies using clinically relevant image features. Our results provide a foundation for artificial intelligence-assisted echocardiographic interpretation.
The co-existence of hot and cold gas in debris discs
Authors: Rebollido I. , Eiroa C. , Montesinos B. , Maldonado J. , Villaver E. , Absil O. , Bayo A. , Canovas H. , Carmona A. , Chen Ch. , Ertel S. , Garufi A. , Henning Th. , Iglesias D. P. , Launhardt R. , Liseau R. , Meeus G. , Moór A. , Mora A. , Olofsson J. , Rauw G. , Riviere-Marichalar P. 
Published: January 2018

Context. Debris discs have often been described as gas-poor discs as the gas-to-dust ratio is expected to be considerably lower than in primordial, protoplanetary discs. However, recent observations have confirmed the presence of a non-negligible amount of cold gas in the circumstellar (CS) debris discs around young main-sequence stars. This cold gas has been suggested to be related to the outgassing of planetesimals and cometary-like objects. Aims. The goal of this paper is to investigate the presence of hot gas in the immediate surroundings of the cold-gas-bearing debris-disc central stars.
Methods. High-resolution optical spectra of all currently known cold-gas-bearing debris-disc systems, with the exception of β Pic and Fomalhaut, have been obtained from La Palma (Spain), La Silla (Chile), and La Luz (Mexico) observatories. To verify the presence of hot gas around the sample of stars, we have analysed the Ca II H&K and the Na I D lines searching for non-photospheric absorptions of CS origin, usually attributed to cometary-like activity.
Results. Narrow, stable Ca II and/or Na I absorption features have been detected superimposed to the photospheric lines in 10 out of the 15 observed cold-gas-bearing debris-disc stars. Features are found at the radial velocity of the stars, or slightly blue- or red-shifted, and/or at the velocity of the local interstellar medium (ISM). Some stars also present transient variable events or absorptions extended towards red wavelengths (red wings). These are the first detections of such Ca II features in 7 out of the 15 observed stars. Although an ISM origin cannot categorically be excluded, the results suggest that the stable and variable absorptions arise from relatively hot gas located in the CS close-in environment of the stars. This hot gas is detected in at least ~80%, of edge-on cold-gas-bearing debris discs, while in only ~10% of the discs seen close to face-on. We interpret this result as a geometrical effect, and suggest that the non-detection of hot gas absorptions in some face-on systems is due to the disc inclination and likely not to the absence of the hot-gas component. This gas is likely released in physical processes related in some way to the evaporation of exocomets, evaporation of dust grains, or grain-grain collisions close to the central star.
Scapholunate Ligament Internal Brace 360-Degree Tenodesis (SLITT) Procedure
Authors: Greene Ryan , Kakar Sanjeev 
Published: January 2018

Background Scapholunate (SL) joint instability is one of the most common injuries of the wrist and may result from a fall or high-energy mechanism on the outstretched hand. The purpose of this case report is to describe the outcome of a 360-degree tenodesis to the SL joint with an internal brace (SLITT) for the treatment of SL instability.
Case Description A 42-year-old male patient underwent SL ligament reconstruction with the SLITT procedure 12 months after injury. Given the intrinsic stability of the reconstruction, Kirschner (K) wires were not used and an early range of motion protocol was initiated. Thirteen months after his reconstruction, he was back at work with maintenance of his carpal alignment.
Discussion Since its initial description, a myriad of different surgical techniques for SL instability have been devised with varied success. These include capsular shrinkage, dorsal capsulodesis, reduction-association with a screw of the scapholunate joint (RASL), scapholunate axis method (SLAM), bone ligament bone grafts, and a variety of tendon reconstructions. Possible explanations for this varied outcome may be related to the use of soft tissue reconstructions for irreducible injuries and reconstruction of only the dorsal SL ligament. In addition, many of these techniques involve prolonged immobilization with the use of K-wires.
Clinical Relevance The SLITT procedure reconstructs both the volar and dorsal SL ligament. Given the added stability afforded by intrinsic bracing, we feel that this reconstruction may permit earlier range of motion without the need for K-wire stabilization.
Osteochondral Injuries of the Knee in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Bauer Kathryn 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOsteochondral injuries in pediatric patients may occur as a result of a traumatic injury or secondary to an osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesion. Lateral patella dislocation is a common traumatic cause of osteochondral injury that typically occurs at the medial facet of the patella or at the lateral aspect of the distal femur. Multiple theories have been proposed for the cause of an OCD lesion in the knee, including trauma or repetitive microtrauma, local vascular insufficiency, and family history. The most “classic” location for OCD lesions of the knee is the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle of the distal femur. Multiple treatment options are available for both traumatic osteochondral injuries and OCD lesions, with important determining factors of treatment being skeletal maturity of the patient, instability of the fragment, lesion location, and size of the lesion. Nonsurgical management is appropriate in some situations. Surgical options range from simple fragment excision to internal fixation of the fracture fragment to more complex cartilage restoration or replacement procedures. This special focus section will discuss the diagnosis and treatment options for traumatic osteochondral knee injuries, including the subset secondary to juvenile OCD lesions.
Clinical Use of the Amplatzer Device in the Management of Intracardiac Defects: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Rao Seema , Scaff Tyler , Gurley John , Saha Sibu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDevice therapy is a viable alternative to open heart surgery in the management of intracardiac defects. The Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) is one such device that has been adapted to close a wide variety of cardiac defects with few complications and a high success rate. This is a retrospective review of all the patients who received the ASO between 2012 and 2016 at the University of Kentucky. In total, 169 patients underwent percutaneous closure of a septal defect with Amplatzer during the timeframe studied, and of those, 91% received the device for an atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale. Patients presented with stroke, transient ischemic attack, migraine, dyspnea or other symptoms and were diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. All Amplatzer devices achieved successful closure without requiring a second procedure. Four patients sustained complications of the procedure, with two experiencing tamponade, one with hematoma, and one with cellulitis. The Amplatzer device was not directly implicated in the three fatalities that occurred within 30 days of the septal occlusion procedure. The ASO has performed very well at our institution and we expect it to serve additional functions as the field of transcatheter cardiology develops.
Sprachlokalisation mittels MEG und EEG in der prächirurgischen Epilepsiediagnostik
Authors: Pataraia Ekaterina , Trimmel Karin 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungZiel der Epilepsiechirurgie ist die Entfernung des epileptogenen Gewebes, dabei darf kein neurologisches oder neuropsychologisches Defizit verursacht werden. Aus diesem Grund ist die möglichst genaue Abgrenzung des sprachspezifischen Kortex von großer Bedeutung. In der folgenden narrativen Übersicht werden die methodischen Grundlagen und klinischen Anwendungen der Magnetoenzephalografie (MEG) und der hochauflösenden Skalp-Elektroenzephalografie (EEG) diskutiert. Es wird eine kurze Übersicht zu diversen Verfahren gegeben, die zur Lateralisation und Lokalisation der Sprachfunktionen in der MEG und bei Quellenanalysemethoden in der EEG benützt werden. Darüber hinaus werden die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen beider Methoden zur Erfassung der Organisation und Reorganisation der Sprachfunktionen des Kortex bei Epilepsieerkrankten besprochen.
Exploring functional pairing between surface glycoconjugates and human galectins using programmable glycodendrimersomes
Authors: Xiao Qi , Ludwig Anna-Kristin , Romanò Cecilia , Buzzacchera Irene , Sherman Samuel E. , Vetro Maria , Vértesy Sabine , Kaltner Herbert , Reed Ellen H. , Möller Martin , Wilson Christopher J. , Hammer Daniel A. , Oscarson Stefan , Klein Michael L. , Gabius Hans-Joachim , Percec Virgil 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceCells are decorated with charged and uncharged carbohydrate ligands known as glycans, which are responsible for several key functions, including their interactions with proteins known as lectins. Here, a platform consisting of synthetic nanoscale vesicles, known as glycodendrimersomes, which can be programmed with cell surface-like structural and topological complexity, is employed to dissect design aspects of glycan presentation, with specificity for lectin-mediated bridging. Aggregation assays reveal the extent of cross-linking of these biomimetic nanoscale vesicles—presenting both anionic and neutral ligands in a bioactive manner—with disease-related human and other galectins, thus offering the possibility of unraveling the nature of these fundamental interactions.
pymzML v2.0: introducing a highly compressed and seekable gzip format
Authors: Kösters M , Leufken J , Schulze S , Sugimoto K , Klein J , Zahedi R P , Hippler M , Leidel S A , Fufezan C 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Motivation
In the new release of pymzML (v2.0), we have optimized the speed of this established tool for mass spectrometry data analysis to adapt to increasing amounts of data in mass spectrometry. Thus, we integrated faster libraries for numerical calculations, improved data retrieving algorithms and have optimized the source code. Importantly, to adapt to rapidly growing file sizes, we developed a generalizable compression scheme for very fast random access and applied this concept to mzML files to retrieve spectral data.

Results
pymzML performs at par with established C programs when it comes to processing times. However, it offers the versatility of a scripting language, while adding unprecedented fast random access to compressed files. Additionally, we designed our compression scheme in such a general way that it can be applied to any field where fast random access to large data blocks in compressed files is desired.

Availability and implementation
pymzML is freely available on https://github.com/pymzML/pymzML under GPL license. pymzML requires Python3.4+ and optionally numpy. Documentation available on http://pymzml.readthedocs.io.
GEMMER: GEnome-wide tool for Multi-scale Modeling data Extraction and Representation forSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Mondeel Thierry D G A , Crémazy Frédéric , Barberis Matteo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMotivationMulti-scale modeling of biological systems requires integration of various information about genes and proteins that are connected together in networks. Spatial, temporal and functional information is available; however, it is still a challenge to retrieve and explore this knowledge in an integrated, quick and user-friendly manner.ResultsWe present GEMMER (GEnome-wide tool for Multi-scale Modeling data Extraction and Representation), a web-based data-integration tool that facilitates high quality visualization of physical, regulatory and genetic interactions between proteins/genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. GEMMER creates network visualizations that integrate information on function, temporal expression, localization and abundance from various existing databases. GEMMER supports modeling efforts by effortlessly gathering this information and providing convenient export options for images and their underlying data.Availability and implementationGEMMER is freely available at http://gemmer.barberislab.com. Source code, written in Python, JavaScript library D3js, PHP and JSON, is freely available at https://github.com/barberislab/GEMMER.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Verra Four-Folds, Twisted Sheaves, and the Last Involution
Authors: Camere Chiara , Kapustka Grzegorz , Kapustka Michał , Mongardi Giovanni 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We study the geometry of some moduli spaces of twisted sheaves on K3 surfaces. In particular we introduce induced automorphisms from a K3 surface on moduli spaces of twisted sheaves on this K3 surface. As an application we prove the unirationality of moduli spaces of irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds of K3[2]-type admitting non-symplectic involutions with invariant lattices U(2) ⊕ D4(−1) or U(2) ⊕ E8(−2). This complements the results obtained in [43], [13], and the results from [29] about the geometry of irreducible holomorphic symplectic (IHS) four-folds constructed using the Hilbert scheme of (1, 1) conics on Verra four-folds. As a byproduct we find that IHS four-folds of K3[2]-type with Picard lattice U(2) ⊕ E8(−2) naturally contain non-nodal Enriques surfaces.
Smooth and Topological Almost Concordance
Authors: Nagel Matthias , Orson Patrick , Park JungHwan , Powell Mark 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We investigate the disparity between smooth and topological almost concordance of knots in general 3-manifolds Y. Almost concordance is defined by considering knots in Y modulo concordance in Y × [0, 1] and the action of the concordance group of knots in S3 that ties in local knots. We prove that the trivial free homotopy class in every 3-manifold other than the 3-sphere contains an infinite family of knots, all topologically concordant, but not smoothly almost concordant to one another. Then, in every lens space and for every free homotopy class, we find a pair of topologically concordant but not smoothly almost concordant knots. Finally, as a topological counterpoint to these results, we show that in every lens space every free homotopy class contains infinitely many topological almost concordance classes.