bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential adaptation drives ecological speciation in campions (Silene): evidence from a multi‐site transplant experiment
Authors: Favre Adrien , Widmer Alex , Karrenberg Sophie 
Published: October 2016

Summary

In order to investigate the role of differential adaptation for the evolution of reproductive barriers, we conducted a multi‐site transplant experiment with the dioecious sister species Silene dioica and S. latifolia and their hybrids.

Crosses within species as well as reciprocal first‐generation (F1) and second‐generation (F2) interspecific hybrids were transplanted into six sites, three within each species' habitat. Survival and flowering were recorded over 4 yr.

At all transplant sites, the local species outperformed the foreign species, reciprocal F1 hybrids performed intermediately and F2 hybrids underperformed in comparison to F1 hybrids (hybrid breakdown). Females generally had slightly higher cumulative fitness than males in both within‐ and between‐species crosses and we thus found little evidence for Haldane's rule acting on field performance. The strength of selection against F1 and F2 hybrids as well as hybrid breakdown increased with increasing strength of habitat adaptation (i.e. the relative fitness difference between the local and the foreign species) across sites.

Our results suggest that differential habitat adaptation led to ecologically dependent post‐zygotic reproductive barriers and drives divergence and speciation in this Silene system.
Reversal of functional loss in a rat model of chronic intraocular pressure elevation
Authors: Liu Hsin‐Hua , He Zheng , Nguyen Christine T. O. , Vingrys Algis J. , Bui Bang V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeThis pilot study considered whether intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering could reverse ganglion cell dysfunction in a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension.MethodsA circumlimbal suture was applied in one eye to induce ocular hypertension (n = 7) in Long‐Evans rats. The contralateral eye served as an untreated control. After 8 weeks of IOP elevation the suture was removed to lower IOP for the remaining 7 weeks. Electroretinogram (ERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were measured at baseline, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 15 weeks. Retinae were collected for histology at week 15.ResultsIn sutured eyes, IOP was elevated by 7–11 mmHg above control eyes (12 ± 0.2 mmHg [standard error of the mean]). Eight weeks of chronic IOP elevation resulted in a reduction of the ganglion cell mediated positive Scotopic Threshold Response (pSTR, −25 ± 7% of baseline), as well as smaller photoreceptor (−7 ± 4%) and bipolar cell mediated responses (−6 ± 5%). After suture removal, IOP recovered to normal. By 15 weeks the a‐wave (0 ± 6%), b‐wave (−2 ± 6%) and pSTR had recovered back to baseline (from −25 ± 7% to −4 ± 6%). The retinal nerve fiber layer was thinned by −9 ± 3% at week 8 and showed no further decline at week 15 (−10 ± 2%). Cell numbers in the ganglion cell layer were similar between suture removal and control eyes at week 15 (3543 ± 478 vs 4057 ± 476 cells mm−2).ConclusionsThe circumlimbal suture model might be a useful platform to study the reversibility of neuronal dysfunction from chronic IOP challenge.
Association of Gestational Age and Severe Neonatal Morbidity with Mortality in Early Childhood
Authors: Stephens Alexandre S. , Lain Samantha J. , Roberts Christine L. , Bowen Jennifer R. , Nassar Natasha 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough infant and child mortality rates have decreased substantially worldwide over the past two decades, efforts continue in many nations to further these declines. The identification of pertinent perinatal factors that are associated with early childhood mortality would help with these efforts. We investigated the association of two crucial perinatal factors, gestational age and severe neonatal morbidity at birth, with mortality during infancy (29–364 days) and early childhood (1–5 years).MethodsThe study population included all singleton livebirths, ≥32 weeks’ gestation in New South Wales, Australia in 2001–11. Birth data were linked to hospitalisation morbidity data and deaths data (linked birth cohort n = 871 916), and multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess mortality.ResultsThe median follow‐up time per child was 4.95 years (range 0.00–5.92 years; 3 614 738 total person‐years), with 984 deaths observed. Gestational age was associated with increased mortality, and specifically from deaths attributable to infections, respiratory conditions, and injuries during infancy, but not during early childhood. Severe neonatal morbidity strongly mediated the effects of gestational age during infancy, but not during early childhood, and was associated with increased mortality from circulatory, nervous, and respiratory system causes.ConclusionsThe direct effects of gestational age on mortality extended up to 1 year of age, whereas severe neonatal morbidity remained associated with heightened mortality into early childhood. Efforts to maximise the health and well‐being of vulnerable infants, with emphasis on preventing infections and injuries, may help further reduce early childhood mortality.
Immunolocalization of proteins in the spermatogenesis process of canine
Authors: Pieri NCG , Souza AF , Mançanares ACF , Roballo KCS , Casals JB , Ambrosio CE , Martins DS 
Published: October 2016

ContentsSpermatogenesis is a process in which differentiated cells are produced and the adult stem cell population—known as spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs)—is continuously replenished. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are not fully understood in the canine species. We addressed this in this study by analysing the expression of specific markers in spermatogonia of seminiferous tubules of canine testes. SSCs at different stages of reproductive development (prepubertal and adult) were examined by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha‐1 (GFRA1), deleted in azoospermia‐like (DAZL) and promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger (PLZF) were expressed in SSCs, while stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (STRA8) was detected only in undifferentiated spermatogonia in prepubertal testis and differentiated spermatogonia and spermatocytes in adult canine. Octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) showed an expression pattern, and the levels did not differ between the groups examined. However, C‐kit expression varied as a function of reproductive developmental stage. Our results demonstrate that these proteins play critical roles in the self‐renewal and differentiation of SSCs and can serve as markers to identify canine spermatogonia at specific stages of development.
Quaternary aeolianites in south‐east Australia – a conceptual linkage between marine source and terrestrial deposition
Authors: James Noel P. , Bone Yvonne 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCalcareous aeolianites are an integral part of many carbonate platforms and ramps. Such limestones are particularly common in heterozoan, Late Cenozoic carbonate systems, and it has been postulated that they could contain a particularly sensitive record of their offshore source. This hypothesis is tested herein by documenting and interpreting part of the most extensive and temporally longest such system in the modern world. The deposits are a combination of extraclasts and biofragments. Extraclasts are detrital quartz, relict allochems, older Pleistocene particles and Oligocene–Miocene limestone clasts. Biofragments are penecontemporaneous coralline algae, echinoderms, small benthic foraminifera, molluscs and bryozoans. The aeolianites differ in composition from distant, open shelf sediments because they contain more mollusc fragments and many fewer bryozoans. This difference is interpreted to be due to (i) most sediment was derived from near‐shore seagrass meadows and macroalgal reefs; (ii) all sediments were modified by hydrodynamics in near‐shore and beach environments; and (iii) fragments of infaunal, beach‐dwelling bivalves were added to the sediment at the strandline. Extraclasts should be expected in older Pleistocene and Cenozoic heterozoan deposits, because the limestones are poorly lithified, largely due to the lack of meteoric cementation, and so easily eroded. Thus, cool‐water aeolianites ought to contain more extraclasts than their warm‐water, tropical cousins. Seagrasses in temperate environments are more productive than in the tropics and thus potentially might contribute many more particles to the beach and dunes than do tropical systems. Although particle breakage in the surf zone cannot be proven, herein the abundance of whole benthic foraminifera and delicate bryozoans implies that suspension and flotsam shoreward transport was an essential process. The similarity of Pleistocene aeolianites over such a long time period herein suggests that the combination of postulated sedimentological, biogenic and hydrodynamic processes could be universally important.
Regional Determinants of Exit Across Firms’ Size: Evidence from Argentina
Authors: Calá Carla Daniela , Manjón‐Antolín Miguel , Arauzo‐Carod Josep‐Maria 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTWe analyse the determinants of exit in a developing country using Argentina as an illustrative case. We focus on regional determinants but estimate panel count data models for firms of different size, thus indirectly controlling for a major firm‐level determinant. We find that most of the determinants used in previous studies analysing developed countries are also relevant here. The fit of the model improves, however, when variables that proxy for the specificities of developing economies are considered. We also find that while the exit of micro‐small firms seem to be mostly driven by factors that are commonly found in developed countries, large firms are more influenced by factors that are typically not considered in developed countries’ studies. These results raise doubts about the usefulness of public policies based on evidence from developed countries and show the importance of a differentiated analysis across firm size.
Evidence of hepatitis E virus transmission by renal graft
Authors: Pourbaix Annabelle , Ouali Nacera , Soussan Patrick , Roque Afonso Anne Marie , Péraldi Marie‐Noelle , Rondeau Eric , Peltier Julie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause chronic infection among immunocompromised patients, especially solid organ transplant recipients, and can evolve to cirrhosis. Several modes of transmission are known. Here we describe the first two cases, to our knowledge, of HEV infection transmitted by a kidney graft from the same infected donor that led to chronic hepatitis. Consequently, systematic screening of donors by HEV serology and HEV RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction, particularly in endemic regions, should be considered.
Successful management of Mycobacterium haemophilum lower extremity cutaneous infection in a matched‐unrelated donor stem cell transplant recipient
Authors: Baluch Aliyah , Pasikhova Yanina , Snyder Matthew 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNontuberculous mycobacterial infections can often occur in individuals with adequate immune function. Such infections typically have cutaneous involvement and are caused by rapidly growing mycobacterium. Other nontuberculous mycobacteria species, like Mycobacterium haemophilum, almost always present as opportunistic infections occurring in severely immunocompromised hosts. Here, we present a complicated and protracted course of diagnosing M. haemophilum lower extremity cutaneous infection in a matched‐unrelated donor stem cell transplant recipient.
Resource: Mapping the Triticum aestivum proteome
Authors: Duncan Owen , Trösch Josua , Fenske Ricarda , Taylor Nicolas L. , Millar A. Harvey 
Published: October 2016

SummaryYield and quality improvement of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a focus in efforts to meet new demands from population growth and changing human diets. As the complexity of the wheat genome is unravelled, determining how it is used to build the protein machinery of wheat plants is a key next step in explaining detailed aspects of wheat growth and development. The specific functions of wheat organs during vegetative development and the role of metabolism, protein degradation and remobilisation in driving grain production are the foundations of crop performance and have recently become accessible through studies of the wheat proteome. We present a large scale, publicly accessible proteome mapping of wheat consisting of 24 organ and developmental samples. Tissue specific sub‐proteomes and ubiquitously expressed markers of the wheat proteome are identified, alongside hierarchical assessment of protein functional classes, their presence in different tissues and correlations between the abundance of functional classes of proteins. Gene‐specific identifications and protein family relationships are accounted for in the organisation of the data and 202 new protein‐coding transcripts identified by proteogenomic mapping. The interactive database will serve as a vehicle to build, refine and deposit confirmed targeted proteomic assays for wheat proteins and protein families to assess function (www.wheatproteome.org).
A single‐center prospective study on the safety of plasma exchange procedures using a double‐viral‐inactivated and prion‐reduced solvent/detergent fresh‐frozen plasma as the replacement fluid in the treatment of thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Vendramin Chiara , McGuckin Siobhan , Alwan Ferras , Westwood John‐Paul , Thomas Mari , Scully Marie 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDPatients presenting with acute episodes of thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) require urgent access to plasma exchange (PEX). OctaplasLG, a solvent/detergent fresh‐frozen plasma product that has undergone viral inactivation and prion reduction step, has been used in our institution since 2013, replacing Octaplas.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe prospectively reviewed 981 PEX procedures where OctaplasLG was the replacement fluid in 90 patients admitted acutely with a TMA presentation within our institution from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2015. We recorded citrate toxicities, plasma reactions, viral transfer, complications related to central venous catheter, and venous thrombotic events (VTEs).RESULTSCitrate toxicities were 5.4%, plasma reactions were 2%, and all were classified as Grade 1 or 2. VTE had an incidence of 12.2%, although 50% of the episodes occurred in early remission when patients were not receiving PEX. No line insertions complications were recorded. Line‐associated infections were 2.2%. Hepatitis B and C serology and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were checked on admission. There were four patients who may have had passive transient transfer of hepatitis B antibodies from pooled plasma. No hepatitis C or HIV viral transfer was documented after treatment and no seroconversion was detected after treatment.CONCLUSIONOur data have demonstrated that the incidence of complications during PEX is low and using OctaplasLG is comparable to the low incidence of reactions. No cases of anaphylaxis, transfusion‐related acute lung injury, or fatal plasma reactions were seen. There was no evidence of viral transmission or seroconversion after treatment.
Evaluation of a new microbeads assay for granulocyte antibody detection
Authors: Schulz Undine , Reil Angelika , Kiefel Volker , Bux Jürgen , Moog Rainer 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDTo reduce the risk of transfusion‐associated acute lung injury (TRALI), a high number of plasma donors were tested for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and human neutrophil antigen (HNA) antibodies. For HNA antibody detection, the gold standard is a combination of the granulocyte immunofluorescence test (GIFT) and the granulocyte agglutination test (GAT). However, these tests are not suitable for a high‐throughput of samples.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTo evaluate the new generation of the LABScreen MULTI assay (One Lambda, Inc.), which has special new beads for all the known HNA specificities, including HNA‐3a, 97 sera samples containing well‐defined HNA antibodies were used. For background testing, we used 91 samples from plasma donors previously identified by GAT, GIFT, and the monoclonal antibody‐specific immobilization of granulocyte antigens (MAIGA) assay.RESULTSCompared with previous tests, the new LABScreen MULTI assay was highly specific for the HNA‐1a, HNA‐1b, HNA‐2, and HNA‐3a antibody specificities required to prevent TRALI. Ninety‐eight percent of the HNA‐1a, HNA‐1b, and HNA‐2 antibodies could be detected as true positive; and 90% of the HNA‐3a antibodies were recognized correctly as positive. False‐positive reactions were identified in 5.5% of samples that previously tested negative.CONCLUSIONThe detection of HNA‐3a antibody specificities could be integrated into the new LABScreen MULTI assay; however, we detected only 90%. In addition, we detected further HNA antibodies, such as HNA‐1c, HNA‐1d, and some HNA‐3b and HNA‐4a antibodies. The new generation of LABScreen MULTI is a great step toward feasible high‐throughput testing for HNA antibodies. Nevertheless, GIFT and GAT remain the gold‐standard methods for the differentiation of rare and currently unknown HNA specificities.
Incidence and prognostic impact of bleeding and transfusion after coronary surgery in low‐risk patients
Authors: Kinnunen Eeva‐Maija , De Feo Marisa , Reichart Daniel , Tauriainen Tuomas , Gatti Giuseppe , Onorati Francesco , Maschietto Luca , Bancone Ciro , Fiorentino Francesca , Chocron Sidney , Bounader Karl , Dalén Magnus , Svenarud Peter , Faggian Giuseppe , Franzese Ilaria , Santarpino Giuseppe , Fischlein Theodor , Maselli Daniele , Dominici Carmelo , Nardella Saverio , Gherli Riccardo , Musumeci Francesco , Rubino Antonino S. , Mignosa Carmelo , Mariscalco Giovanni , Serraino Filiberto G. , Santini Francesco , Salsano Antonio , Nicolini Francesco , Gherli Tiziano , Zanobini Marco , Saccocci Matteo , Ruggieri Vito G. , Philippe Verhoye Jean , Perrotti Andrea , Biancari Fausto 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDExcessive bleeding and blood transfusion are associated with adverse outcome after cardiac surgery, but their mechanistic effects are difficult to disentangle in patients with increased operative risk. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and prognostic impact of bleeding and transfusion of blood products in low‐risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSixteen tertiary European centers of cardiac surgery contributed to the prospective European registry of CABG (E‐CABG). The severity of bleeding was defined by the E‐CABG bleeding severity classification and universal definition of perioperative bleeding (UDPB) classification.RESULTSOf 1213 patients with EuroSCORE II of less than 2% (mean, 1.1 ± 0.4%), 18.5% suffered from mild bleeding (E‐CABG bleeding Grade 1) and 3.4% experienced severe bleeding (E‐CABG bleeding Grade 2‐3). Similarly, 19.7% had UDPB Class 2 and 5.9% had UDPB Classes 3 and 4. Mild and severe bleeding defined by the E‐CABG and UDPB classifications were associated with an increased risk of several adverse events as adjusted by multiple covariates. The risk of death, stroke, and acute kidney injury was particularly increased in patients with severe bleeding.CONCLUSIONSevere bleeding is rather uncommon in low‐risk patients undergoing CABG, but it is associated with an increased risk of major adverse events. Prevention of excessive perioperative bleeding and patient blood management may improve the outcome of cardiac surgery also in low‐risk patients.
RISE AND FALL OF CIVILIZATION: CAUSES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE QUR’AN
Authors: Mumtaz Ali Muhammad , Muhsin Sayyed Mohamed 
Published: October 2016

The Qur’an contains voluminous portrayals about past civilizations with an imperative exploration to their causes of their rise and fall. The Qur’anic methodologies to survey the realities and events are grounded on ethical, empirical, spiritual, moral, universal and people-oriented appearances. Thus, Qur’an’s analysis of past nations differs from the modern Western studies on features of earlier civilizations. From the Qur’anic perspective, the acceptance of True, Authentic and Universal Knowledge [revelation] is considered as the foundational factor for the realization of civilizational growth. Qur’an identifies and proves that human beings are the instrumental and decisive actors in the building of civilization or its destruction. The statements of the Qur’an underscore that whenever people established unethical attitude and denied spirituality in their life and committed immoral acts, they and their civilizations tasted severe declination. This paper emphasizes that dissemination of “justice, unity and service for good” are three important moral concepts that have been mentioned in the Qur’an as integral to rise and fall of civilization. Keywords: The Qur’an, civilization, ‘true, authentic and universal knowledge’, rise and fall
Full Integration of SCADA, Field Control Systems and High Speed Hydraulic Models: Application Pacific Pipeline System
Authors: Mecham Travis , Wilkerson Bruce , Templeton Bryan 
Published: October 2016

Recent advances in PLC, SCADA and leak detection system technologies lead to the development of a highly integrated control system. Interconnected with fiber optic communication speeds (OC-1), this level of integration moves away from the historic model of stand-alone field controllers connected over low speed communication links to a centralized control center which, in turn, exchanges data from the host system to stand-alone leak detection processors.
A new system design approach utilized familiar pipeline control elements such as PLC controllers and MODBUS communication protocols in combination with elements more typically associated with an office environment such as Windows NT servers, PC compatible computers, and Ethernet TCP/IP communications networks. These open-architecture components were used to fully develop, debug and test the SCADA system prior to system startup. The pipeline simulator is used as the centerpiece for this process to perform thorough operational validation of the system long before initial linefill. Once the various components were fully tested they were exported to the physical system in an operational state.
The result is nearly seamless control systems supported by high data rates, high model speeds, common databases, and multi-channel communications. The increased level of integration has had dramatic impacts in leak detection, system safety, engineering development, operator training, and overall reliability of the control systems.
The following paper presents a narrative overview of these new developments in the context of an implementation on Pacific Pipeline System (PPS). PPS is a recently constructed and commissioned 209 km (130 mile), 50.8 cm (20″) diameter, hot crude oil pipeline between the southern portion of California’s San Joaquin Valley and refineries in the Los Angeles basin. Following the Interstate 5 corridor over the “Grapevine”, Tejon Pass, Angeles National Forest and through heavily populated areas, this pipeline traverses some of the most environmentally and safety sensitive regions in the United States. The joint federal and state Environmental Impact Report / Environmental Impact Statement (EIR/EIS) set high hurdles for leak detection and control system performance. The historic control architecture and technologies were not adequate.
This paper provides an overview of the environmental and physical constraints of the Pacific Pipeline System alignment, hydraulics, pumping and metering equipment, and block valve locations. It also discusses their impact on the design, programming and commissioning of a SCADA system meeting the requirements of the EIR/EIS. The paper then describes in more detail the fiber-optic communication system, control system architecture, SCADA system, leak detection models, simulator models and implementation methods, along with the engineering decisions leading to a comprehensive solution for the SCADA and leak detection requirements.