bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Commons: Three Case Studies of Community Forested Land
Authors: McKay Ruth B. 
Published: April 2016

<p>This paper examines three communities that include common land in the community design. The common land provides natural habitat for recreational purposes along with privacy and a natural visual barrier. One of the three communities the commons arrangement fails after more than thirty years and the community sells most of the common land for private ownership. The other two are examples of successful commons where the community maintains the common lands and exhibits a growing commitment to the holding of common land. The paper examines why two of the three communities have success and prosper while the third fails. The findings provide insight into designs that work to maintain community common land and those that fail. </p>
Response to Bevacizumab after Treatment with Aflibercept in Eyes with Neovascular AMD
Authors: Waizel Maria , Rickmann Annekatrin , Blanke Björn R. , Wolf Katharina , Kazerounian Sara , Szurman Peter 
Published: April 2016

Purpose To study the visual outcome and change in central macular thickness (CMT) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) who were previously treated with aflibercept (VEGF Trap-Eye, Eylea) and were subsequently switched to bevacizumab (Avastin). Methods In this observational analysis, 19 eyes initially treated with at least 3 injections of bevacizumab after initial treatment with at least 3 injections of aflibercept are reported. Outcome measures were Snellen visual acuity (best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and CMT measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Results A total of 19 eyes initially treated with 6.5 ± 2.8 intravitreal injections of aflibercept were switched to 5.4 ± 3.2 injections of bevacizumab. Median BCVA decreased from 20/94 to 20/113 after aflibercept and increased slightly to 20/101 after bevacizumab (p = 0.84, Friedman test). Of all 19 eyes, 36.8% achieved gain in visual acuity of more than 1 line and 21.1% of more than 3 lines. The CMT decreased slightly from 433 ± 229 μm at baseline to 367 ± 198 μm after aflibercept treatment (p = 0.18, Wilcoxon test) and decreased statistically significantly to 335 ± 184 μm after bevacizumab treatment (p = 0.0065, Wilcoxon test). Conclusions Switching from aflibercept to bevacizumab treatment has an equivalent anatomical effect in eyes with neovascular AMD as switching from bevacizumab to aflibercept. Therefore, switching back to bevacizumab might represent a reasonable therapy strategy to overcome tachyphylaxis during long-term monotherapy with aflibercept.
Response to Anti-VEGF-A Treatment of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells In Vitro
Authors: Puddu Alessandra , Sanguineti Roberta , Traverso Carlo Enrico , Viviani Giorgio L. , Nicolò Massimo 
Published: April 2016

Purpose The neovascular or wet form of age-related macular degeneration is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the retina stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). In the last decade, several anti-VEGF drugs have been developed for treating neovascular diseases of the eyes. This study was conducted to compare the effects of 2 anti-VEGF-A drugs, ranibizumab and aflibercept, on the expression and secretion of VEGF family members in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) in vitro. Methods ARPE-19 cells were exposed for 24 hours to ranibizumab or aflibercept at clinical dose concentration. Cell viability and expression and secretion of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and placental growth factor (PlGF) were evaluated respectively by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Ranibizumab and aflibercept did not affect ARPE-19 cell viability after 24 hours of treatment. Ranibizumab increased expression of VEGF-A and PlGF. On the contrary, expression and secretion of VEGF-C was decreased by ranibizumab. PlGF secretion was not affected by ranibizumab. Aflibercept strongly increased VEGF-A and PlGF expression but reduced their detection on the culture media, and decreased expression and secretion of VEGF-C. No effect on expression and secretion of VEGF-B was observed after exposure to these drugs. Conclusions Ranibizumab and aflibercept exert similar effects on VEGF expression and secretion, leading to establishing an antiangiogenic environment. Increased VEGF-A expression observed in RPE cells treated with these drugs suggests a compensatory response of the cells to the lack of VEGF-A.
Second Femtosecond Laser Treatment Application for Completion of Partial Capsulotomy Caused by Suction Loss
Authors: Diakonis Vasilios F. , Sayed-Ahmed Ibrahim O. , Fileta John B. , O'Brien Terrence P. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose To describe a case of a second application of femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy to achieve a complete treatment pattern after an initial incomplete capsulotomy creation due to loss of suction. Methods A 66-year-old woman presented with visually significant cataract in both eyes. She was scheduled to undergo femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) using the Victus platform. During FLACS capsulotomy of the right eye (capsulotomy diameter set at 5.0 mm), loss of suction occurred followed by laser treatment interruption, resulting in an incomplete, discontinuous capsulotomy treatment pattern. A second FLACS pretreatment was performed immediately after the first incomplete treatment, aiming for a capsulotomy diameter 0.1 mm larger than the previous (5.1 mm in diameter) and with placement of the capsulotomy treatment outside the prior incomplete capsulotomy. Results A complete continuous treatment pattern was achieved for the capsulotomy after second application of FLACS pretreatment. No intraoperative complications were noticed. Conclusion A second application of femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy to achieve a complete treatment pattern after initial incomplete capsulotomy creation due to loss of suction is feasible during the same surgical setting.
Strain-based Blood Damage Estimation for Computational Design of Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Gesenhues Linda , Pauli Lutz , Behr Marek 
Published: April 2016

Aims Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to predict damage of red blood cells (RBCs) in ventricular assist devices (VADs). The damage is measured by the hemoglobin ratio in the blood plasma. Methods A power law is used to relate the hemoglobin ratio to shear stress and exposure time. For the shear stress measure, the common stress-based model is compared to a strain-based model, which predicts the deformation of RBCs in the VAD. For both models an Eulerian approach is used. In this study, new parameters are determined for the power law of the strain-based model. Hereby, the power law is fitted to data of experiments performed at the University of Maryland, Baltimore. Results As an example, blood damage in a benchmark blood pump of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is computed with a stress-based and a strain-based model using the new parameter set as well as parameter sets that were obtained in previous studies. Conclusions Critical locations in the pump, as identified with the stress-based and the strain-based model, differ significantly between the two models.
Hospital Doctors’ Smoking Behavior and Attitude towards Smoking Cessation Interventions for Patients: A Survey in an Italian Comprehensive Cancer Centre
Authors: Lina Micaela , Mazza Roberto , Borreani Claudia , Brunelli Cinzia , Bianchi Elisabetta , Munarini Elena , Marco De Cinzia , Pozzi Paolo , Boffi Roberto 
Published: April 2016

Purpose Tobacco control guidelines recommend all healthcare professionals to ask patients about their smoking status and to offer them at least minimal cessation advice. However, few data are available about the daily practice of hospital clinicians who work with smoking cancer patients. This study assesses, in a comprehensive cancer center, the physicians’ smoking habit, their clinical practice in offering a smoking cessation intervention to patients who smoke, and the training they received in this field. Methods A Web-based survey was sent to 285 physicians. Results The survey response rate was 75%. Sixty-two percent, 24%, and 14% of responders were never, former, and current smokers, respectively. Six percent of all responding physicians have already participated in smoking cessation training and 43% of them declared their willingness to be trained. Eighty-six percent of all responding physicians asked about the patients’ smoking status, 50% routinely advised patients to quit smoking, and 32% assessed their motivation to do so. Smoking cessation guidelines were not followed mostly for lack of time, fear to increase patients’ stress, and lack of smoking cessation training. Ninety-four percent of responding physicians knew the smoking cessation service for outpatients and 65% referred at least one patient, 66% of responding physicians knew the service for inpatients, and 36% of them asked for at least one intervention in the ward. Conclusions This study pointed out partial adherence of the physicians working in a leading cancer center to the smoking cessation guidelines. The clinicians’ smoking habits did not influence the training and the clinical practice in offering patients smoking cessation interventions.
“Buried in an Herte”: French Poetics and the Ends of Genre in Chaucer's Complaint unto Pity
Authors: Rogers Cynthia A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article analyzes Chaucer's Complaint unto Pity in the light of the current renewed interest in form and English-French literary relations. It argues that a knowledge of medieval French poetic conventions reveals an interplay between form and meaning in Pity that would have been obvious in its original fourteenth-century bilingual Ricardian setting, but which is overlooked in modern readings. By exaggerating and twisting multiple components of the French love literature tradition, Chaucer creates a poem that is simultaneously both a clever critique and a loving homage of complaint.
“Seeking Truth in Detail”: “The Mystery of Marie Rogêt” and Its Structure of Revision
Authors: Booth Nathanael Thomas 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
“The Mystery of Marie Rogêt” has, since William Wimsatt's 1941 article “Poe and the Mystery of Mary Rogers,” enjoyed careful critical attention, most of it focusing on the ways the tale corresponds to or diverges from the historical events on which it is based. Poe revised the story in 1845. Most often, Poe's revisions are seen as an attempt to correct errors in his earlier version. This article will argue that, far from concealing Poe's earlier mistakes, Poe's revisions introduce discrepancies that cause the story to turn in on itself and to turn outward toward the reader. “Rogêt” is successful precisely because it is designed to call attention to its own falsity. Poe's alterations—and especially his initial footnote—invite the reader to apply Dupin's method and interrogate the text itself.
Seeing Is Believing: U.S. Imperial Culture and the Jerusalem Exhibit of 1904
Authors: Feldman Keith P. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
What are the historical proximities and parallels linking Jews and Muslims in U.S. imperial culture? What are the technologies of knowledge production that make and make sense of these connections, and what are their effects? The Jerusalem Exhibit at 1904’s Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis offers a generative site through which to consider these questions. The exhibit included hundreds of “native” Muslim, Christian, and Jewish inhabitants, and exemplified a national covenantalism at the interface of U.S. settler colonialism and imperial rule. Visuality played a key role in staging and naturalizing racial difference between and among these various “natives,” even as its will towards transparency was routinely thwarted. While such overdetermined pedagogical labor never satisfied the predilections of American imperial authority, by the end of the exhibit’s run, it also served as an impetus to express political Zionism’s desires for Jewish nation-state status commensurate with other political formations organizing the World’s Fair.
What Guides Moral Consideration? Wittgenstein and Diamond on Imagination and Animal Ethics
Authors: Balaska Maria 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
I draw on the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Cora Diamond to argue that imagination plays a key role in moral consideration. By broadening our concepts and drawing similarities (Wittgenstein), our imagination can help us see nonhuman beings as fellow beings (Diamond), namely as beings with whom we share a life. I address two related issues: First, how can we ensure that the exercise of imagination does not merely lead to nonsense? Second, can the imagination remedy the supposed incommensurability between beings with linguistic capacity and those without? An examination of these issues can allow for a conceptual refinement of imagination.
Animals and Climate Change
Authors: Thornes Tobias 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Climate change represents an unprecedented threat to animal life on Earth, brought about by a single species: humanity. It is well-known that humans will suffer greatly as a result of continued climate change over the coming decades and centuries, but the calamitous effects on other animals are often downplayed. Here, the origins and potential scope of climate change are explored and the implications for the whole animal kingdom are summarized. It is argued that humans, as part of this kingdom, have both a responsibility and an imperative to take immediate steps to avert climate change for the sake of all animal life.
Swinging for the State Department: American Women Tennis Players in Diplomatic Goodwill Tours, 1941-59
Authors: Brown Ashley 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCold War scholarship presents women’s importance to American propaganda and cultural diplomacy programs as limited to their roles as wives and mothers on the home front. This paper argues that female tennis players who served as goodwill ambassadors for the State Department represented public and vigorous aspects of American women’s lives outside the realm of domesticity. Cold War goodwill tours were based on barnstorming exhibition journeys made by the popular and influential Alice Marble during World War II. Doris Hart and Althea Gibson, both of whom battled adversity–physical disability and racial discrimination, respectively–led a cadre of highly skilled and accomplished women amateurs on global tours in the 1950s. These sportive peregrinations enabled players to enhance their skills, travel the world, and vie for titles while serving their country. Still, players were subject to the gendered and racialized politics, pressures, and restrictions faced by American women at large.
Southern Exposure: Life in the Carolina League in the Time of Jim Crow
Authors: Gmelch George 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This essay describes the encounter of a white, minor-league ballplayer, now an anthropologist, with segregation in the American South in the 1960s. As an autoethnography, it examines what Jim Crow practices meant for young professional baseball players, both black and white. It treats how the author came to the research topic and the consequences for himself and his career in writing a newspaper feature in 1967 about Jim Crow in the North Carolina town he played for, in which he accused the local police chief of being a member of the Ku Klux Klan.
Racing Culture, Betting, and Sporting Protomodernity: The 1750 Newmarket Carriage Match
Authors: Huggins Mike 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper offers a microstudy, deconstructing the meaning and significance of a famous carriage (or chaise) match at Newmarket in 1750 and a contemporary painting of the event. It uses these as a starting point to explore its relationship to debates about the early modern period and modernity. It analyzes the details of the carriage match, exploring its visual and print representations and its cultural context. It further argues that, for many sports at this time, the development of more formal regulations was driven by gambling and that gambling’s centrality needs to be recognized better. It then analyzes the event’s relationship to modernity issues such as scientific rationality, quantification, record keeping, and emerging bureaucratization. Finally, the essay shows how, rather than being mere servants or grooms, at least some of those involved were able to achieve high levels of wealth and status. This suggests that mid-eighteenth- century England had already moved toward further modernity in sports such as racing than has been assumed.
Doby Does It! Larry Doby, Race, and American Democracy in Post-World War II America
Authors: Moore Louis 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
"For Larry Doby," sportswriter Cleveland Jackson wrote, "it took but a few short minutes to walk up to that plate. But for 13 million American Negroes that simple action was the successful climax of a long uphill fight whose annals are like the saga of the race." Like Jackie Robinson, who integrated baseball three months prior with the Brooklyn Dodgers, Doby, the first African American player in the American League, gave black Americans optimism that individual talent could trump racism. But, unlike Robinson, Doby failed in his debut. His struggles struck up a conversation about race and democracy. Was economic integration about tokenism or talent? Merit or minstrelsy? Reverse racism or affirmative action? Would black workers unfairly take away work from white men? After a year of hard work and humility, however, Doby succeeded. For both races in Cleveland, he became a symbol for American democracy and opportunity. In the end, Doby’s first year in the big leagues is a story about white patience, black work ethic, and racial redemption.
A Black Fly in White Milk: The 1999 Women’s World Cup, Briana Scurry, and the Politics of Inclusion
Authors: Narcotta-Welp Eileen 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Briana Scurry’s world-class save in the penalty shootout of the 1999 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Women’s World Cup provided the opportunity for the U.S. women’s national team to win their second World Cup championship. However, Scurry’s exceptional athletic feat was scarcely noted, as media outlets were more inclined to select images of Brandi Chastain’s emotional celebration. Situated in a particular historical neoliberal context characterized by postfeminist and postracial politics, Scurry’s mediated representation served to market this team to a global audience. I use a critical and oppositional reading of major U.S. sport magazines, daily U.S. national newspapers, and Nike advertisements to uncover and foreground decentered and obscured narratives. This analysis reveals the selective and strategic ways Scurry’s blackness and femininity were made to matter (and not matter) in order for a neoliberal, white, middle-class America to appear as an open, inclusive, and color-blind society while limiting Scurry to a precarious and restricted space within this American imaginary.
The Sabar Ways of Knowing Through the Arts
Authors: Sinha Pallawi , Hickman Richard 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We engage with the significance of aesthetic experience as it is created and conferred in the everyday lives of everyday peoples, in this case, the indigenous Sabar tribes of Jharkhand, India. Through several months of fieldwork, we found that arts and aesthetic practices are integral to Sabar "ways of knowing, being, and doing." We examine definitions and identify limitations before introducing the social actors of the study. We illustrate how the arts empower "voice" by enabling multimodal expressions and access to data that other methods may not elicit. This paper offers discussions on how aesthetic experiences and activities are essential means of being; furthermore, it highlights the relevance of everyday aesthetics for the development of sustainable educational systems and future citizenship.
Assessing the New American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guidelines for HER2 Testing by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization: Experience of an Academic Consultation Practice
Authors: Press Michael F. , Villalobos Ivonne , Santiago Angela , Guzman Roberta , Cervantes Monica , Gasparyan Armen , Campeau Anaamika , Ma Yanling , Tsao-Wei Denice D. , Groshen Susan 
Published: April 2016

Context.—
Evaluation of HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was changed by recent American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO-CAP) guidelines.

Objective.—
To determine frequencies and assess patterns of HER2 protein expression for each ASCO-CAP guideline FISH category among 7526 breast cancers accrued to our consultation practice.

Design.—
We retrospectively reevaluated the HER2 FISH status of breast cancers in our consultation practice according to ASCO-CAP FISH guidelines, and documented HER2 protein levels in each category.

Results.—
—According to new guidelines, 17.7% of our consultation breast cancers were “ISH-positive” with HER2:CEP17 FISH ratios ≥2.0 and average HER2 gene copies per cell ≥4.0 (group 1); 0.4% were “ISH-positive” with ratios ≥2.0 and average copies &lt;4.0 (group 2); 0.6% were “ISH-positive” with ratios &lt;2.0 and average copies ≥6.0 (group 3); 4.6% were “ISH-equivocal” with ratios &lt;2.0 and average copies ≥4.0 and &lt;6.0 (group 4); and 76.7% were “ISH-negative” with ratios &lt;2.0 and average copies &lt;4.0 (group 5). However, only groups 1 (HER2 amplified) and 5 (HER2 not amplified) agreed with our previously reported status, and only these groups demonstrated the expected immunohistochemistry status, overexpression and low expression, respectively. Groups 2 and 4 breast cancers lacked overexpression, whereas group 3 was not significantly associated with either increased or decreased HER2 expression.

Conclusions.—
Although the status of approximately 95% of our cases (groups 1 and 5) is not affected by the new guidelines, those of the other 5% (groups 2–4) conflict with previous HER2 gene amplification status and with HER2 status by immunohistochemistry.
GaAs-based triangular barrier photodiodes with embedded type-II GaSb quantum dots
Authors: Vitushinskiy Pavel , Ohmori Masato , Kuroda Tomohiro , Noda Takeshi , Kawazu Takuya , Sakaki Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We fabricate GaAs-based triangular barrier photodiodes (TBPs), in which type-II GaSb quantum dots (QDs) are embedded in the vertex part of their triangular barriers. Their current–voltage characteristics and photo-responses are studied at low temperatures to show that GaSb QDs enhance the number and lifetime of photo-generated holes that are trapped by QDs in the barrier, resulting in the increase in the electron current around positively charged QDs. An extremely high responsivity of 109 A/W is achieved.
Analysis of phase noise in a spin torque oscillator stabilized by phase locked loop
Authors: Tamaru Shingo , Kubota Hitoshi , Yakushiji Kay , Fukushima Akio , Yuasa Shinji 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This study analyses phase noise in a spin torque oscillator (STO) stabilized by phase locked loop (PLL). Time domain measurement showed that phase error of the 6.996 GHz signal generated by a STO, which exhibited a random-walk type fluctuation under free running, was suppressed within a standard deviation of 0.408 rad by the PLL. Power spectrum under phase locked oscillation indicated that the PLL had a loop bandwidth of approximately 16 MHz, thus effectively suppressing phase error below 10 MHz. However, it was also found that power spectrum of the residual phase error was distributed much higher than the loop bandwidth.