bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive function in clinically stable individuals with long‐term bipolar I disorder: Comparisons with schizophrenia patients and controls
Authors: Lin Pei‐Yun , Wang Peng‐Wei , Chen Cheng‐Sheng , Yen Cheng‐Fang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study compared the levels of the five domains of neurocognitive function—executive function, attention, memory, verbal comprehension, and perceptual organization—among clinically stable individuals with long‐term bipolar I disorder, individuals with long‐term schizophrenia, and a group of controls. We recruited a total of 93 clinically stable individuals with bipolar I disorder, 94 individuals with schizophrenia, and 106 controls in this study. Their neurocognitive function was measured using a series of neurocognitive function tests: the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition (WAIS‐III), Line Cancellation Test, Visual Form Discrimination, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Continuous Performance Task, and Wechsler Memory Scale—Third Edition. Neurocognitive function was compared among the three groups through a multivariate analysis of variance. The results indicated that when the effect of age was controlled, clinically stable individuals with bipolar I disorder and those with schizophrenia demonstrated poor neurocognitive function on all tests except for the WAIS‐III Similarity and Information and the Line Cancellation Test. The individuals with bipolar I disorder had similar levels of neurocognitive function compared with the schizophrenia group, but higher levels of neurocognitive function on the WAIS‐III Comprehension, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and Wechsler Memory Scale—Third Edition Auditory Immediate and Delayed Index and Visual Immediate and Delayed Index. The conclusions of this study suggest that compared with controls, individuals with long‐term bipolar I disorder and those with long‐term schizophrenia have poorer neurocognitive function, even when clinically stable. Individuals with long‐term bipolar I disorder and those with long‐term schizophrenia have similar levels of deficits in several domains of neurocognitive function.
La référence temporelle au futur dans les bulletins météo en France et au Québec : regard variationniste sur l'oral préparé
Authors: Blondeau Hélène , Labeau Emmanuelle 
Published: March 2017

RésuméLa distribution des variables utilisées pour l'expression de l'ultériorité a fait l'objet de nombreuses études, centrées sur l'oral conversationnel ou sur l’écrit. Cet article apporte un éclairage inédit sur la question en considérant les marqueurs du futur dans un contexte communicatif d'oral préparé (le bulletin météo télévisé), et dans une optique diatopique (comparaison d'un corpus français et d'un corpus québécois). L'analyse distributionnelle indique une distribution des variables spécifique au contexte discursif. Par ailleurs, l'analyse multivariée par Goldvarb X révèle une variation diatopique et l'influence de certains facteurs linguistiques, en particulier celui du type de verbe, de même que des contraintes particulières pour les deux communautés étudiées.
A large outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, 1972 revisited: evidence for common source exposure to a recombinant GII.Pg/GII.3 norovirus
Authors: JOHNSON J. A. , PARRA G. I. , LEVENSON E. A. , GREEN K. Y. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYHistorical outbreaks can be an important source of information in the understanding of norovirus evolution and epidemiology. Here, we revisit an outbreak of undiagnosed gastroenteritis that occurred in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania in 1972. Nearly 5000 people fell ill over the course of 10 days. Symptoms included diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and fever, lasting for a median of 24 h. Using current techniques, including next-generation sequencing of full-length viral genomic amplicons, we identified an unusual norovirus recombinant (GII.Pg/GII.3) in nine of 15 available stool samples from the outbreak. This particular recombinant virus has not been reported in recent decades, although GII.3 and GII.Pg genotypes have been detected individually in current epidemic strains. The consensus nucleotide sequences were nearly identical among the four viral genomes analysed, although each strain had three to seven positions in the genome with heterogenous non-synonymous nucleotide subpopulations. Two of these resulting amino acid polymorphisms were conserved in frequency among all four cases, consistent with common source exposure and successful transmission of a mixed viral population. Continued investigation of variant nucleotide populations and recombination events among ancestral norovirus strains such as the Shippensburg virus may provide unique insight into the origin of contemporary strains.
An update on diet and nutritional factors in systemic lupus erythematosus management
Authors: Aparicio-Soto Marina , Sánchez-Hidalgo Marina , Alarcón-de-la-Lastra Catalina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease characterised by multiple organ involvement and a large number of complications. SLE management remains complicated owing to the biological heterogeneity between patients and the lack of safe and specific targeted therapies. There is evidence that dietary factors can contribute to the geoepidemiology of autoimmune diseases such as SLE. Thus, diet therapy could be a promising approach in SLE owing to both its potential prophylactic effects, without the side effects of classical pharmacology, and its contribution to reducing co-morbidities and improving quality of life in patients with SLE. However, the question arises as to whether nutrients could ameliorate or exacerbate SLE and how they could modulate inflammation and immune function at a molecular level. The present review summarises preclinical and clinical experiences to provide the reader with an update of the positive and negative aspects of macro- and micronutrients and other nutritional factors, including dietary phenols, on SLE, focusing on the mechanisms of action involved.
Taxation of Cross-Border Transfers of Carbon Emission Allowances under Linked Emissions Trading Schemes
Authors: Black Celeste M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEconomic arguments in support of linking emissions trading schemes suggest that such linking could provide access to lower cost abatement options and increase market stability. The decisions of whether and how to link emissions trading schemes often focus on the design features of the relevant schemes, but an additional factor which has the potential to undermine the efficiency of linked schemes is taxation. This article systematically tests two alternative approaches to the direct (income) taxation of cross-border transfers of emission allowances for differential tax outcomes. Four hypothetical transactions are considered under three different linking mechanisms and on the assumption that a tax treaty based on the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital is in force. This analysis evidences that, in some cases – and especially if the relevant jurisdictions adopt different approaches to the taxation of allowance transactions under domestic law – there is the potential for timing differences or double taxation that could impact on the efficiency of the linked trading schemes. It is therefore important for tax implications to be considered as part of any linking proposal.
Clinical, cellular, microscopic, and ultrastructural studies of a case of fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium
Authors: Barron Melissa L , Rybchyn Mark S , Ramesh Sutharshani , Mason Rebecca S , Fiona Bonar S , Stalley Paul , Khosla Sundeep , Hudson Bernie , Arthur Christopher , Kim Edward , Clifton-Bligh Roderick J , Clifton-Bligh Phillip B 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFibrogenesis imperfecta ossium is a rare disorder of bone usually characterized by marked osteopenia and associated with variable osteoporosis and osteosclerosis, changing over time. Histological examination shows that newly formed collagen is abnormal, lacking birefringence when examined by polarized light. The case presented demonstrates these features and, in addition, a previously undocumented finding of a persistent marked reduction of the serum C3 and C4. Osteoblasts established in culture from a bone biopsy showed abnormal morphology on electron microscopy and increased proliferation when cultured with benzoylbenzoyl-ATP and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, contrasting with findings in normal osteoblasts in culture. A gene microarray study showed marked upregulation of the messenger RNA (mRNA) for G-protein-coupled receptor 128 (GPR 128), an orphan receptor of unknown function and also of osteoprotegerin in the patient’s osteoblasts in culture. When normal osteoblasts were cultured with the patient’s serum, there was marked upregulation of the mRNA for aquaporin 1. A single pathogenetic factor to account for the features of this disorder has not been defined, but the unique findings described here may facilitate more definitive investigation of the abnormal bone cell function.
Phosphorylation of Rab-coupling protein by LMTK3 controls Rab14-dependent EphA2 trafficking to promote cell:cell repulsion
Authors: Gundry Christine , Marco Sergi , Rainero Elena , Miller Bryan , Dornier Emmanuel , Mitchell Louise , Caswell Patrick T. , Campbell Andrew D. , Hogeweg Anna , Sansom Owen J. , Morton Jennifer P. , Norman Jim C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Rab GTPase effector, Rab-coupling protein (RCP) is known to promote invasive behaviour in vitro by controlling integrin and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) trafficking, but how RCP influences metastasis in vivo is unclear. Here we identify an RTK of the Eph family, EphA2, to be a cargo of an RCP-regulated endocytic pathway which controls cell:cell repulsion and metastasis in vivo. Phosphorylation of RCP at Ser435 by Lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (LMTK3) and of EphA2 at Ser897 by Akt are both necessary to promote Rab14-dependent (and Rab11-independent) trafficking of EphA2 which generates cell:cell repulsion events that drive tumour cells apart. Genetic disruption of RCP or EphA2 opposes cell:cell repulsion and metastasis in an autochthonous mouse model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma—whereas conditional knockout of another RCP cargo, α5 integrin, does not suppress pancreatic cancer metastasis—indicating a role for RCP-dependent trafficking of an Eph receptor to drive tumour dissemination in vivo.
Ground state selection under pressure in the quantum pyrochlore magnet Yb2Ti2O7
Authors: Kermarrec E. , Gaudet J. , Fritsch K. , Khasanov R. , Guguchia Z. , Ritter C. , Ross K. A. , Dabkowska H. A. , Gaulin B. D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA quantum spin liquid is a state of matter characterized by quantum entanglement and the absence of any broken symmetry. In condensed matter, the frustrated rare-earth pyrochlore magnets Ho2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7, so-called spin ices, exhibit a classical spin liquid state with fractionalized thermal excitations (magnetic monopoles). Evidence for a quantum spin ice, in which the magnetic monopoles become long range entangled and an emergent quantum electrodynamics arises, seems within reach. The magnetic properties of the quantum spin ice candidate Yb2Ti2O7 have eluded a global understanding and even the presence or absence of static magnetic order at low temperatures is controversial. Here we show that sensitivity to pressure is the missing key to the low temperature behaviour of Yb2Ti2O7. By combining neutron diffraction and muon spin relaxation on a stoichiometric sample under pressure, we evidence a magnetic transition from a disordered, non-magnetic, ground state to a splayed ferromagnetic ground state.
Comparative genomics reveals contraction in olfactory receptor genes in bats
Authors: Tsagkogeorga Georgia , Müller Steven , Dessimoz Christophe , Rossiter Stephen J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGene loss and gain during genome evolution are thought to play important roles in adaptive phenotypic diversification. Among mammals, bats possess the smallest genomes and have evolved the unique abilities of powered flight and laryngeal echolocation. To investigate whether gene family evolution has contributed to the genome downsizing and phenotypic diversification in this group, we performed comparative evolutionary analyses of complete proteome data for eight bat species, including echolocating and non-echolocating forms, together with the proteomes of 12 other laurasiatherian mammals. Our analyses revealed extensive gene loss in the most recent ancestor of bats, and also of carnivores (both >1,000 genes), although this gene contraction did not appear to correlate with the reduction in genome size in bats. Comparisons of highly dynamic families suggested that expansion and contraction affected genes with similar functions (immunity, response to stimulus) in all laurasiatherian lineages. However, the magnitude and direction of these changes varied greatly among groups. In particular, our results showed contraction of the Olfactory Receptor (OR) gene repertoire in the last common ancestor of all bats, as well as that of the echolocating species studied. In contrast, non-echolocating fruit bats showed evidence of expansion in ORs, supporting a “trade-off” between sensory modalities.
Robust Analysis of Fluxes in Genome-Scale Metabolic Pathways
Authors: MacGillivray Michael , Ko Amy , Gruber Emily , Sawyer Miranda , Almaas Eivind , Holder Allen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractConstraint-based optimization, such as flux balance analysis (FBA), has become a standard systems-biology computational method to study cellular metabolisms that are assumed to be in a steady state of optimal growth. The methods are based on optimization while assuming (i) equilibrium of a linear system of ordinary differential equations, and (ii) deterministic data. However, the steady-state assumption is biologically imperfect, and several key stoichiometric coefficients are experimentally inferred from situations of inherent variation. We propose an approach that explicitly acknowledges heterogeneity and conducts a robust analysis of metabolic pathways (RAMP). The basic assumption of steady state is relaxed, and we model the innate heterogeneity of cells probabilistically. Our mathematical study of the stochastic problem shows that FBA is a limiting case of our RAMP method. Moreover, RAMP has the properties that: A) metabolic states are (Lipschitz) continuous with regards to the probabilistic modeling parameters, B) convergent metabolic states are solutions to the deterministic FBA paradigm as the stochastic elements dissipate, and C) RAMP can identify biologically tolerable diversity of a metabolic network in an optimized culture. We benchmark RAMP against traditional FBA on genome-scale metabolic reconstructed models of E. coli, calculating essential genes and comparing with experimental flux data.
An RNA nanoparticle vaccine against Zika virus elicits antibody and CD8+ T cell responses in a mouse model
Authors: Chahal Jasdave S. , Fang Tao , Woodham Andrew W. , Khan Omar F. , Ling Jingjing , Anderson Daniel G. , Ploegh Hidde L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the Americas and South Pacific poses a significant burden on human health because of ZIKV’s neurotropic effects in the course of fetal development. Vaccine candidates against ZIKV are coming online, but immunological tools to study anti-ZIKV responses in preclinical models, particularly T cell responses, remain sparse. We deployed RNA nanoparticle technology to create a vaccine candidate that elicited ZIKV E protein-specific IgG responses in C57BL/6 mice as assayed by ELISA. Using this tool, we identified a unique H-2Db-restricted epitope to which there was a CD8+T cell response in mice immunized with our modified dendrimer-based RNA nanoparticle vaccine. These results demonstrate that this approach can be used to evaluate new candidate antigens and identify immune correlates without the use of live virus.
Simulation-assisted design of microfluidic sample traps for optimal trapping and culture of non-adherent single cells, tissues, and spheroids
Authors: Rousset Nassim , Monet Frédéric , Gervais Thomas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis work focuses on modelling design and operation of “microfluidic sample traps” (MSTs). MSTs regroup a widely used class of microdevices that incorporate wells, recesses or chambers adjacent to a channel to individually trap, culture and/or release submicroliter 3D tissue samples ranging from simple cell aggregates and spheroids, toex vivotissue samples and other submillimetre-scale tissue models. Numerous MST designs employing various trapping mechanisms have been proposed in the literature, spurring the development of 3D tissue models for drug discovery and personalized medicine. Yet, there lacks a general framework to optimize trapping stability, trapping time, shear stress, and sample metabolism. Herein, the effects of hydrodynamics and diffusion-reaction on tissue viability and device operation are investigated using analytical and finite element methods with systematic parametric sweeps over independent design variables chosen to correspond to the four design degrees of freedom. Combining different results, we show that, for a spherical tissue of diameterd < 500 μm, the simplest, closest to optimal trap shape is a cube of dimensionsw equal to twice the tissue diameter:w = 2d. Furthermore, to sustain tissues without perfusion, available medium volume per trap needs to be 100× the tissue volume to ensure optimal metabolism for at least 24 hours.
Theoretical and computational validation of the Kuhn barrier friction mechanism in unfolded proteins
Authors: Avdoshenko Stanislav M. , Das Atanu , Satija Rohit , Papoian Garegin A. , Makarov Dmitrii E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA long time ago, Kuhn predicted that long polymers should approach a limit where their global motion is controlled by solvent friction alone, with ruggedness of their energy landscapes having no consequences for their dynamics. In contrast, internal friction effects are important for polymers of modest length. Internal friction in proteins, in particular, affects how fast they fold or find their binding targets and, as such, has attracted much recent attention. Here we explore the molecular origins of internal friction in unfolded proteins using atomistic simulations, coarse-grained models and analytic theory. We show that the characteristic internal friction timescale is directly proportional to the timescale of hindered dihedral rotations within the polypeptide chain, with a proportionality coefficient b that is independent of the chain length. Such chain length independence of b provides experimentally testable evidence that internal friction arises from concerted, crankshaft-like dihedral rearrangements. In accord with phenomenological models of internal friction, we find the global reconfiguration timescale of a polypeptide to be the sum of solvent friction and internal friction timescales. At the same time, the time evolution of inter-monomer distances within polypeptides deviates both from the predictions of those models and from a simple, one-dimensional diffusion model.
A Microplate Reader-Based System for Visualizing Transcriptional Activity During in vivo Microbial Interactions in Space and Time
Authors: Hennessy Rosanna C. , Stougaard Peter , Olsson Stefan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHere, we report the development of a microplate reader-based system for visualizing gene expression dynamics in living bacterial cells in response to a fungus in space and real-time. A bacterium expressing the red fluorescent protein mCherry fused to the promoter region of a regulator gene nunF indicating activation of an antifungal secondary metabolite gene cluster was used as a reporter system. Time-lapse image recordings of the reporter red signal and a green signal from fluorescent metabolites combined with microbial growth measurements showed that nunF-regulated gene transcription is switched on when the bacterium enters the deceleration growth phase and upon physical encounter with fungal hyphae. This novel technique enables real-time live imaging of samples by time-series multi-channel automatic recordings using a microplate reader as both an incubator and image recorder of general use to researchers. The technique can aid in deciding when to destructively sample for other methods e.g. transcriptomics and mass spectrometry imaging to study gene expression and metabolites exchanged during the interaction.
In-Situ GISAXS Study of Supramolecular Nanofibers having Ultrafast Humidity Sensitivity
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arpan , Sanyal Milan K. , Mogera Umesha , George Subi J. , Mukhopadhyay Mrinmay K. , Maiti Santanu , Kulkarni Giridhar U. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSelf assembled nanofibers derived from donor-acceptor (D-A) pair of dodecyl methyl viologen (DMV) and potassium salt of coronene tetracarboxylate (CS) is an excellent material for the development of organic electronic devices particularly for ultrafast response to relative humidity (RH). Here we have presented the results of in-situ grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) measurements to understand aridity dependent self reorganization of the nanofibers. The instantaneous changes in the organization of the nanofibers was monitored with different equilibrium RH conditions. Additionally formation of nanofibers during drying was studied by GISAXS technique – the results show two distinct stages of structural arrangements, first the formation of a lamellar mesophase and then, the evolution of a distorted hexagonal lattice. The RH dependent GISAXS results revealed a high degree of swelling in the lattice of the micelles and reduction in the distortion of the hexagonal structure with increase in RH. In high RH condition, the nanofibers show elliptical distortion but could not break into lamellar phase as observed during formation through drying. This observed structural deformation gives insight into nanoscopic structural changes of the micelles with change in RH around it and in turn explains ultrafast sensitivity in its conductivity for RH variation.
Night and day variations of sleep in patients with disorders of consciousness
Authors: Wislowska Malgorzata , del Giudice Renata , Lechinger Julia , Wielek Tomasz , Heib Dominik P. J. , Pitiot Alain , Pichler Gerald , Michitsch Gabriele , Donis Johann , Schabus Manuel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBrain injuries substantially change the entire landscape of oscillatory dynamics and render detection of typical sleep patterns difficult. Yet, sleep is characterized not only by specific EEG waveforms, but also by its circadian organization. In the present study we investigated whether brain dynamics of patients with disorders of consciousness systematically change between day and night. We recorded ~24 h EEG at the bedside of 18 patients diagnosed to be vigilant but unaware (Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome) and 17 patients revealing signs of fluctuating consciousness (Minimally Conscious State). The day-to-night changes in (i) spectral power, (ii) sleep-specific oscillatory patterns and (iii) signal complexity were analyzed and compared to 26 healthy control subjects. Surprisingly, the prevalence of sleep spindles and slow waves did not systematically vary between day and night in patients, whereas day-night changes in EEG power spectra and signal complexity were revealed in minimally conscious but not unaware patients.