bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using geotagged facial expressions to visualize and characterize different demographic groups’ emotion in theme parks
Authors: Song Xiaoqing , Wu Haoze , Jiang Wei , Zhi Junjun , Xia Xinyu , Long Yi , Su Qin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTourism is an emotional sphere, and researchers focus on emotions to optimize tourism experiences. Tourism studies on emotions mostly ignore differences in emotions across demographic tourist groups by gender and age, thus limiting the understanding of emotions to the explicit characteristics of tourists’ emotions. On the basis of geotagged facial expressions on social media platforms, this study aims to visualize the emotions of groups in scenic spots and then reveal the variations between groups’ emotions within theme parks. By employing a facial recognition algorithm, an emotion distribution graph was proposed to represent groups’ emotions in detail. Some analytical methods were combined to characterize of the emotion distribution of each group. Through a comprehensive comparison, the results suggest that there are unique characteristics of emotion distribution for each group and considerable variations between them. This study helps researchers achieve a deeper understanding of tourists’ emotional differences and enhances the theorization of emotions. This research also highlights the advantages and significant practical implications of our method framework.
Critical assessment of furrow openers and operational parameters for optimum performance under conservation tillage
Authors: Madhusudan B. S. , Kushwaha H. L. , Kumar Adarsh , Parray Roaf Ahmad , Swain Sidhartha Sekhar , Chowdhury Manojit , Nag Ramineni Harsha , Asha K. R. , Rathod Sunil Kumar , Kumar Pradeep , Anand Rohit , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Dewidar Ahmed Z. , Mattar Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConservation Agriculture (CA) is an innovative approach that promotes sustainable farming while enhancing soil health. However, residue management challenges often hinder its adoption, causing farmers to burn crop leftovers in fields. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various furrow openers under simulated soil bin conditions. Three types of furrow openers were examined: single disk (SD), Inverted T-type furrow opener with a plain rolling coulter (ITRC), and double disc (DD) furrow opener. Tests were conducted at different forward speeds (1.5, 2, and 2.5 km h−1) and with three straw densities (1, 2, and 3 t ha−1) at a consistent working depth of 5 cm. Draft measurements were obtained using load cells connected to an Arduino-based data-logging system. Results indicated that draft requirements increased with forward speed and straw density, while straw-cutting efficiency decreased with these factors. Average draft values for SD, ITRC, and DD were 290.3 N, 420 N, and 368.5 N, respectively, and straw-cutting efficiencies were 53.62%, 59.47%, and 74.89%, respectively. The DD furrow opener showed the highest straw-cutting efficiency (81.36%) at a working speed of 1.5 km h−1 and a straw density of 1 t ha−1, demonstrating optimal performance compared to other furrow openers.
Development of a fully automated workstation for conducting routine SABRE hyperpolarization
Authors: Yang Jing , Xin Ruodong , Lehmkuhl Sören , Korvink Jan G. , Brandner Jürgen J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSABRE is emerging as a fast, simple and low-cost hyperpolarization method because of its ability to regenerate enhanced NMR signals. Generally, SABRE hyperpolarization has been performed predominantly manually, leading to variations in reproducibility and efficiency. Recent advances in SABRE include the development of automated shuttling systems to address previous inconsistencies. However, the operational complexity of such systems and the challenges of integration with existing workflows hinder their widespread adoption. This work presents a fully automated lab workstation based on a benchtop NMR spectrometer, specifically designed to facilitate SABRE of different nuclei across different polarization fields. We demonstrated the capability of this system through a series of routine SABRE experimental protocols, including consecutive SABRE hyperpolarization with high reproducibility (average standard deviation of 1.03%), optimization polarization of 13C nuclei respect to the polarization transfer field, and measurement of polarization buildup rate or decay time across a wide range of magnetic fields. Furthermore, we have iteratively optimized the durations for pulsed SABRE-SHEATH 13C pyruvate. The constructed SABRE workstation offers full automation, high reproducibility, and functional diversification, making it a practical tool for conducting routine SABRE hyperpolarization experiments. It provides a robust platform for high-throughput and reliable SABRE and X-SABRE hyperpolarization studies.
Neuronal extracellular vesicles influence the expression, degradation and oligomeric state of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 2 in astrocytes affecting their glycolytic capacity
Authors: Hajka Daria , Budziak Bartosz , Rakus Dariusz , Gizak Agnieszka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 2 (Fbp2) is a regulatory enzyme of gluco- and glyconeogenesis which, in the course of evolution, acquired non-catalytic functions. Fbp2 promotes cell survival during calcium stress, regulates glycolysis via inhibition of Hif-1α activity, and is indispensable for the formation of long-term potentiation in hippocampus. In hippocampal astrocytes, the amount of Fbp2 protein is reduced by signals delivered in neuronal extracellular vesicles (NEVs) through an unknown mechanism. The physiological role of Fbp2 (determined by its subcellular localization/interactions) depends on its oligomeric state and thus, we asked whether the cargo of NEVs is sufficient to change also the ratio of Fbp2 dimer/tetramer and, consequently, influence astrocyte basal metabolism. We found that the NEVs cargo reduced the Fbp2 mRNA level, stimulated the enzyme degradation and affected the cellular titers of different oligomeric forms of Fbp2. This was accompanied with increased glucose uptake and lactate release by astrocytes. Our results revealed that neuronal signals delivered to astrocytes in NEVs provide the necessary balance between enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions of Fbp2, influencing not only its amount but also subcellular localization. This may allow for the metabolic adjustments and ensure protection of mitochondrial membrane potential during the neuronal activity-related increase in astrocytic [Ca2+].
A high‐precision timing and frequency synchronization algorithm for multi‐h CPM signals
Authors: Liu Yukai , Liu Rongke , Chen Qizhi , Zhao Ling 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the context of certain specific digital communication systems, where there are limitations such as spectral resources and energy availability, continuous phase modulation (CPM) emerges as an appealing choice among various modulation methods. Among CPM signals, multi‐h CPM is particularly noteworthy for its ability to address these constraints within the realm of single‐carrier and constant‐envelope waveforms. At the physical layer, the design of a multi‐h CPM receiver necessitates the efficient implementation of timing and frequency synchronization algorithm within a high dynamic environment. So this paper presents an innovative approach for achieving timing and frequency synchronization. To rectify timing offset and mitigate the adverse effects of noise in received signals, a re‐configurable local filter generation method is integrated into the timing synchronization algorithm. Simultaneously, an enhanced least mean square adaptive filter algorithm is applied to address frequency synchronization. A comprehensive series of simulations rigorously evaluates the outcomes of proposed novel synchronization methodology. These analyses demonstrate a notable proximity between the synchronization errors of proposed algorithm in this paper and the performance benchmark set by the modified Cramer–Rao bound. The proposed synchronization technology also exhibits the capability to substantially reduce the bit error rate, thereby effectively enhancing demodulation performance in multi‐h CPM receivers.
Harmonic voltage phasor reconstruction and harmonic state estimation based on the measurement data of a capacitive voltage transformer
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxian , Peng Qingjun , Zou Dexu , Wang Shan , Wang Haozhou , Zhou Fangrong , Chu Desheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHarmonic state estimation, which highly depends on accurate synchronised phasors, is a crucial basis for the location, traceability, and governance of harmonics in power systems. However, most existing synchronous phasor measurement units (PMUs) provide power frequency phasors rather than harmonic phasors. In addition, as the dominant voltage signal provider for PMUs in power systems, capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs) have complex frequency responses and cannot be directly used for harmonic measurement. Therefore, accurate harmonic state estimation is difficult to achieve in applications. A method for harmonic voltage phasor reconstruction and harmonic state estimation based on the measurement data of a CVT is proposed. First, the reasons for harmonic voltage measurement errors were analysed. Second, the scattering parameter method was used to measure the wideband voltage transfer characteristics of CVT. Third, a voltage reconstruction method was proposed to improve the measurement accuracy and expand the frequency range of synchronous phasor measurement. Fourth, this method was applied to harmonic state estimation, and the performance of harmonic state estimation before and after voltage reconstruction was quantitatively compared. Results showed that the proposed method can remarkably improve the accuracy of harmonic state estimation. Finally, some factors, such as state observability, complex error disturbances, CVT structure, and harmonic order, influencing the performance of the proposed method were investigated. Results further demonstrated that the method has high accuracy, strong anti‐interference, and adaptability, and can provide basic information for harmonic localisation and traceability.
The effect of temperature variation on the transient response of RF PIN diode limiters for very high frequency applications
Authors: Botha Cornelius Johannes , Stander Tinus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis work presents the effect of temperature change on the capacitance of silicon PIN diodes and the resulting change in performance of RF limiters at very high frequency (VHF). Device temperatures were varied between −25 ºC and 100 ºC, with small‐signal parameters (including device capacitance) extracted at regular temperature increments and bias voltages from −20 Vdc to +3 Vdc using a multi‐bias parameter extraction method. It was found that the junction capacitance of the four PIN diodes under investigation increases with temperature, as expected from carrier lifetime behaviour, while results also confirmed prior observations of an inverse relationship between forward‐biased series resistance and temperature. Devices were subsequently tested in two different limiter topologies through high‐power transient measurements. It was found that the combination of increased capacitance and decreased resistance with increasing temperature increases the transient spike leakage and decreases the flat leakage of a limiter. It was also concluded that, for VHF, an anti‐parallel topology provides the best performance over a wide range of temperatures.
Unit commitment of power systems considering system inertia constraints and uncertainties
Authors: Weng Yuxin , Geng Guangchao , Jiang Quanyuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLarge‐scale integration of renewable energy into the power grid results in a lack of system inertia, posing challenges to the optimal operation and scheduling of systems considering frequency stability. This article proposes a unit commitment model that considers both inertia constraints and the uncertainty of load and renewable energy. First, the time‐domain expression of the system frequency response is calculated based on the aggregated System Frequency Response (SFR) model, considering the system's maximum frequency deviation and the maximum Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) limit. This calculation determines the minimum inertia requirement for the system. Furthermore, inertia constraints suitable for mixed‐integer programming model are derived to address the nonlinearity of conventional frequency constraints. Second, considering the uncertainties of load and wind energy from renewable sources, a unit commitment model with inertia constraints is constructed, and a robust method is used to solve the uncertainties. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed inertia constraints and unit commitment model is validated using case study of IEEE standard test cases and a provincial power grid in China.
Application of C–H Functionalization in the Construction of Pyrene-Azobenzene Dyads
Authors: Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda , Suwasia Sonam , Venkataramani Sugumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHerein we report synthesis of pyrene-azobenzene dyads using the Pd(II)-catalyzed directing-group-assisted arylation of the ortho C(sp2)–H bond of pyrenecarboxamides as a key transformation. Many examples of directly connected pyrene-azobenzene dyads (without any linker) and glycine-based azobenzene-pyrene dyads have been synthesized. Initial incorporation of an acetanilide unit in the pyrene skeleton through Pd(II)-catalyzed directing-group-assisted ortho C(sp2)–H arylation by using iodoacetanilide was followed by the transformation of the acetanilide into an azobenzene unit to give the pyrene-azobenzene dyad. UV-Vis spectroscopic studies were performed to get the absorption properties (λmax (nm)) of all the compounds. Preliminary photoswitching studies in both forward and reverse directions and their related thermal reverse Z→E isomerization kinetics measurements were ascertained for representative compounds. Considering the importance of pyrene and azobenzene linked motifs as important chromophore-based photoswitchable molecules in chemical, materials, and supramolecular sciences research fields, this work enriches the library of pyrene-azobenzene dyads.
A New General, Mild Preparation of 2-Hydroxy-β-nitrostyrenes Starting from 2-Acetylsalicylaldehydes and Nitroalkanes via Domino Process
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Bassetti Benedetta , Wang Lu , Ballini Roberto , Petrini Marino 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA new practical and improved preparation of 2-hydroxy-β-nitrostyrenes by reaction of nitroalkanes with acetylsalicylaldehydes, promoted by DBU in acetonitrile at 0 °C is reported. Under these conditions products were isolated in very good yields and as single E-diastereomers.
Evaluation of Knowledge about Epilepsy among Undergraduate Health Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alshahrani Abdulrahman M. , Alotaibi Nemer , Rashikh Mohammad Azhar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background Greater knowledge of undergraduate health students will provide quality care to patients with epilepsy. Most previous studies have targeted teachers, health care providers, and the general public. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge gaps of undergraduate health students on basic subjects of epilepsy, such as etiologies, symptoms, and treatment options.
Materials and Methods Our study conducted a cross-sectional survey among undergraduate health students. We collected data using a descriptive information form. The chi-square test was employed to compare knowledge of seizure between demographic and academic variables.
Results Of the total, 84.4% of students had read or heard about epilepsy. However, only 2.8% of students displayed good knowledge scores toward epilepsy. About 18.2 and 32% of students incorrectly identified that epilepsy could be due to possession by evil spirits and blood disorder, respectively. More than half of the students considered epilepsy to be nontreatable (52.1%) and a contagious disease (55.4%). Moreover, students in the advanced age group, medicine, and clinical years displayed significantly better knowledge scores than their peers (p < 0.05). All dental college students revealed poor scores in terms of knowledge about epilepsy's causes, symptoms, and treatment.
Conclusion Our findings concluded that most undergraduate health students demonstrated poor knowledge scores regarding epilepsy. Notably, students studying in dental college and preclinical years had a lower understanding of epilepsy than their peers. This finding suggests that introducing comprehensive epilepsy education in all health-related courses could improve patient care.
Much Ado about Nothing? Counterterrorist Legislation has Few Effects
Authors: Bjørnskov Christian , Voigt Stefan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The events of 9/11 not only caused anger and fear among citizens the world over, but also led to counterterrorist legislation (CTL) in many countries. This paper identifies the most important determinants of passing CTL and the effects of such legislation on the likelihood of future terrorist attacks and on civil liberties. We particularly focus on the interplay between constitutionalized emergency provisions and CTL. We find that constitutional emergency provisions seem unrelated to CTL. It is not newly passed CTL, which drives civil liberties down, but, rather, the terrorist attacks themselves and the immediate and unmediated government responses to them.
Rule of law, corruption and transparency impacts on green growth of East Asian economies
Authors: Gu Weiyu , Yan Weifeng , Yu Shiqin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper highlights the necessity for nations to adopt green growth strategies to achieve economic prosperity, social equity, and environmental sustainability. By examining governance indicators in six East Asian economies from 1995 to 2021, it finds that a 1% increase in the rule of law boosts green energy deployment by 0.33%, while a 1% rise in corruption reduces it by 0.25%. Similarly, a 1% increase in transparency leads to a 0.45% rise in green energy. Higher income levels encourage green energy adoption, with a 1% increase in income resulting in a 0.19% boost, whereas a 1% rise in income inequality decreases deployment by 0.32%. The paper suggests policies to enhance the rule of law, promote transparent governance, reduce income inequality, and encourage inclusive growth to support green growth objectives.
Realization of a gas puff imaging system on the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
Authors: Terry J. L. , von Stechow A. , Baek S. G. , Ballinger S. B. , Grulke O. , von Sehren C. , Laube R. , Killer C. , Scharmer F. , Brunner K. J. , Knauer J. , Bois S. ,   W7-X Team
Published: September 2024

A system for studying the spatiotemporal dynamics of fluctuations in the boundary of the W7-X plasma using the “Gas-Puff Imaging” (GPI) technique has been designed, constructed, installed, and operated. This GPI system addresses a number of challenges specific to long-pulse superconducting devices, such as W7-X, including the long distance between the plasma and the vacuum vessel wall, the long distance between the plasma and diagnostic ports, the range of last closed flux surface (LCFS) locations for different magnetic configurations in W7-X, and management of heat loads on the system’s plasma-facing components. The system features a pair of “converging–diverging” nozzles for partially collimating the gas puffed locally ≈135 mm radially outboard of the plasma boundary, a pop-up turning mirror for viewing the gas puff emission from the side (which also acts as a shutter for the re-entrant vacuum window), and a high-throughput optical system that collects visible emission resulting from the interaction between the puffed gas and the plasma and directs it along a water-cooled re-entrant tube directly onto the 8 × 16 pixel detector array of the fast camera. The DEGAS 2 neutral code was used to simulate the Hα (656 nm) and HeI (587 nm) line emission expected from well-characterized gas-puffs of H2 and He and excited within typical edge plasma profiles in W7-X, thereby predicting line brightnesses used to reduce the risks associated with system sensitivity and placement of the field of view. Operation of GPI on W7-X shows excellent signal-to-noise ratios (&gt;100 at 2 Mframes/s) over the field of view for minimally perturbing gas puffs. The GPI system provides detailed measurements of the two-dimensional (radial and poloidal) dynamics of plasma fluctuations in the W7-X edge and scrape-off layer and in and around the magnetic islands outside the LCFS that make up the island divertor configuration employed on W7-X.
Broadband metamaterial linear polarization converter designed by a hybrid neural network with data augmentation
Authors: Hua Junyu , He Xiaodong 
Published: September 2024

Deep learning techniques provide a new approach to the design and optimization of electromagnetic metamaterials. This study used a convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN–LSTM) hybrid network to design and optimize a broadband metamaterial reflective linear polarization converter. The data augmentation method was also employed in few-shot learning to reduce optimization costs and improve model prediction performance. With the inverse prediction, a linear polarization converter that perfectly covers the Ku-band was obtained and fabricated with flexible printed circuit technology. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that this network can accurately predict the structural parameters. The polarization converter not only achieves remarkable broadband polarization conversion efficiency spanning the 2.2–18 GHz range but also maintains precise cross-polarization control across the entire Ku-band. The mean polarization conversion ratio in the Ku-band was calculated to be an impressive 99.69%. Finally, the mechanism of polarization conversion and the influence of each structural parameter on its performance further verify the optimality of the inverse design model. The use of CNN–LSTM deep learning methods significantly simplified the design process of electromagnetic metamaterials, reducing design costs while ensuring high design precision and excellent performance.
针对华裔学生的美国大学中文教材
Authors: Liu Yan , Ji Jingjing , Wu Grace , Liang Min-Min 
Published: September 2024

摘要
近些年来，美国大学中文课中传承语学习者的数量不断增加 (Xiang,
2016)。然而，现有的传承语教材数量比较少，且目前美国大学中文项目所使用的华裔中文教材也存在一定的局限性 (Luo et al.,
2019)。因此，编写新的大学中文传承语教材势在必行。本文首先回顾了相关传承语教学以及中文传承语学习者的研究，然后对现有的中文传承语教材进行评估，识别其局限之处。最后，基于以上分析以及与传承语教学法和教材编写原则相关的研究，为未来中文传承语教材所应遵循的编写原则、课文话题和角度、面向群体、教学内容和活动所应遵循的标准和体例等方面提出一些建议。
How we argue about the use of images
Authors: Heshmati Bita , Modrzejewska Ewa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper is about argumentative exchanges in which two or more parties disagree about the appropriateness of the use of images (e.g., press photographs, drawings, pictures, and other visual elements) in argumentative contexts. We label such argumentative exchanges as metavisual disputes. In the first part of the paper, we develop this notion by employing theories in the philosophy of language, specifically Plunkett’s notion of metalinguistic disputes (2015) and Mankowitz’s propositional account (2021). In the second part of the paper, we illustrate the phenomena of metavisual disputes by analyzing two tweets relating to the migrant situation at the Polish-Belarusian border in 2021–2022. We argue that the viewers’ perspective characterizes a metavisual dispute in which they evaluate the use of images in the tweets by raising particular criticism against it.