bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Functions of Potassium Antimony(III)‐Tartrate in Tuning Antimony/Carbon Composites for Long‐Life Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Tianjing , Zhang Chenyang , Hou Hongshuai , Ge Peng , Zou Guoqiang , Xu Wei , Li Simin , Huang Zhaodong , Guo Tianxiao , Jing Mingjun , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAntimony holds a high‐specific capacity as a promising anode material for Na‐ion batteries (SIBs) and much research is focused on solving the poor cycling stability issue associated with its large volume expansion during alloying/dealloying processes. Here, self‐thermal‐reduction method is successfully applied to prepare antimony/carbon rods (Sb/C rods) utilizing potassium antimony(III)‐tartrate (C8H10O15Sb2K2) as a dual source of carbon matrix and metallic antimony. According to theory calculations and experiment results, the formation process is explicitly explored as follows: C8H10O15Sb2K2 → Sb2O3/C → Sb2O3/Sb/C → Sb/C rods. Notably, organic ligands in C8H10O15Sb2K2 can be gradually turned into amorphous carbon with simultaneous reduction of Sb3+ to metal Sb. Moreover, potassium chloride acts as an activator and a template during the course of carbonization, and synchronous reduction is introduced. Consequently, an antimony/carbon electrode material denoted as SbOC/C is formed, exhibiting a unique dual‐carbon‐modified structure and extensive SbOC bridge bonds that give rise to outstanding cycling performance and rate capacity. Specifically, the capacity is maintained at 404 mA h g−1 with 89% retention after 700 cycles at 500 mA g−1. The low‐cost, self‐thermal‐reduction method and excellent electrode performances of electrode material make it attractive for large‐scale energy storage systems.
Multifunctional Poly‐N‐Isopropylacrylamide/DNAzyme Microgels as Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalysts for Biosensing
Authors: Li Fengyun , Wang Chunyan , Guo Weiwei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe development of highly efficient, recyclable, and multifunctional biocatalysts is of great importance for various applications, especially in biosensing. In this study, highly catalytic and recyclable DNAzyme functionalized poly‐N‐isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM) microgels are prepared via one‐step precipitation polymerization. The pNIPAM/DNAzyme microgels exhibit highly catalytic activities in aqueous solution at room temperature, and become hydrophobic and separable from the reaction mixture at temperature higher than the lower critical solution temperature of pNIPAM, which facilitate the recyclable utilization of these catalysts. Different kinds of DNAzyme functionalized catalytic microgels can be facilely prepared via the one‐step synthesis procedure. Two typical catalytic DNA structures, the Mg2+‐dependent DNAzyme and the hemin‐G‐quadruplex horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐mimicking DNAzyme, are chosen as model systems to validate the feasibility. These pNIPAM/DNAzyme microgel catalysts maintain 80% to 91% initial catalytic activity after eight times of catalysis recycling. Furthermore, the pNIPAM microgels by themselves provide additional interfaces to capturing an enzyme, glucose oxidase, which can cascade with the linked HRP mimicking DNAzymes, to form recyclable bi‐enzyme cascading system for the sensing of glucose.
Oriented Growth of ZIF‐67 to Derive 2D Porous CoPO Nanosheets for Electrochemical‐/Photovoltage‐Driven Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Anandhababu Ganesan , Huang Yiyin , Babu Dickson D. , Wu Maoxiang , Wang Yaobing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHydrogen generation from water splitting driven by electric/solar energy is highly desirable, which requires efficient and robust bifunctional electrocatalysts for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. 2D porous hybrids with attractive chemical and structural properties are the first‐class candidates for water splitting, while control over efficient and modulable synthesis remains a huge challenge. This work demonstrates a zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) nanoplate self‐template approach to fabricate 2D porous oxygen‐incorporated cobalt phosphide (CoPO) ultrathin nanosheets. The synthesis starts with the oriented growth of ZIF‐67 nanoplates along [211] crystal plane, followed by oxidation/phosphorization processes for pore generation and O/P coincorporation in the hybrid. The resultant 2D porous CoPO nanosheets afford very small voltages of 1.52 and 1.98 V for overall water splitting at 10 and 200 mA cm−2, respectively. This excellent bifunctionality further provides the basis for photovoltage‐driven water splitting at a Faradaic efficiency of 97.6%. These findings offer a general strategy for rational design and modulation of 2D porous catalysts for various electrocatalytic and other applications.
High‐Performance Near‐Infrared Photodetector Based on Ultrathin Bi2O2Se Nanosheets
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Zhenxing , Wen Yao , Chu Junwei , Yin Lei , Cheng Ruiqing , Lei Le , He Peng , Jiang Chao , Feng Liping , He Jun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAs an emerging 2D layered material, Bi2O2Se has shown great potential for applications in thermoelectric and electronics, due to its high carrier mobility, near‐ideal subthreshold swing, and high air‐stability. Although Bi2O2Se has a suitable band gap for infrared (IR) applications, its photoresponse properties have not been investigated. Here, high‐quality ultrathin Bi2O2Se sheets are synthesized via a low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition method. The thickness of 90% Bi2O2Se sheets is below 10 nm and lateral sizes mainly distribute in the range of 7–11 µm. In addition, it is found that triangular sheets largely lack “O” content, even only 0.2 for Bi2O0.2Se. The near‐IR photodetection performance of Bi2O2Se nanosheets is systematically studied by variable temperature measurements. The response time, responsivity, and detectivity can approach up to 2.8 ms, 6.5 A W−1, and 8.3 × 1011 Jones, respectively. Additionally, the critical performance parameters, including responsivity, rising time, and decay time, remain at almost the same level when the temperature is changed from 80 to 300 K. These phenomena are likely due to the fact that as‐grown ultrathin Bi2O2Se sheets have no surface trap states and shallow defect energy levels. The findings indicate ultrathin Bi2O2Se sheets have great potentials for future applications in ultrafast, flexible near‐IR optoelectronic devices.
Cytokine Secreting Microparticles Engineer the Fate and the Effector Functions of T‐Cells
Authors: Majedi Fatemeh S. , Hasani‐Sadrabadi Mohammad Mahdi , Kidani Yoko , Thauland Timothy J. , Moshaverinia Alireza , Butte Manish J. , Bensinger Steven J. , Bouchard Louis‐S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractT‐cell immunotherapy is a promising approach for cancer, infection, and autoimmune diseases. However, significant challenges hamper its therapeutic potential, including insufficient activation, delivery, and clonal expansion of T‐cells into the tumor environment. To facilitate T‐cell activation and differentiation in vitro, core–shell microparticles are developed for sustained delivery of cytokines. These particles are enriched by heparin to enable a steady release of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), the major T‐cell growth factor, over 10+ d. The controlled delivery of cytokines is used to steer lineage specification of cultured T‐cells. This approach enables differentiation of T‐cells into central memory and effector memory subsets. It is shown that the sustained release of stromal cell‐derived factor 1α could accelerate T‐cell migration. It is demonstrated that CD4+ T‐cells could be induced to high concentrations of regulatory T‐cells through controlled release of IL‐2 and transforming growth factor beta. It is found that CD8+ T‐cells that received IL‐2 from microparticles are more likely to gain effector functions as compared with traditional administration of IL‐2. Culture of T‐cells within 3D scaffolds that contain IL‐2‐secreting microparticles enhances proliferation as compared with traditional, 2D approaches. This yield a new method to control the fate of T‐cells and ultimately to new strategies for immune therapy.
Ballistic Jumping Drops on Superhydrophobic Surfaces via Electrostatic Manipulation
Authors: Li Ning , Wu Lei , Yu Cunlong , Dai Haoyu , Wang Ting , Dong Zhichao , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe ballistic ejection of liquid drops by electrostatic manipulating has both fundamental and practical implications, from raindrops in thunderclouds to self‐cleaning, anti‐icing, condensation, and heat transfer enhancements. In this paper, the ballistic jumping behavior of liquid drops from a superhydrophobic surface is investigated. Powered by the repulsion of the same kind of charges, water drops can jump from the surface. The electrostatic acting time for the jumping of a microliter supercooled drop only takes several milliseconds, even shorter than the time for icing. In addition, one can control the ballistic jumping direction precisely by the relative position above the electrostatic field. The approach offers a facile method that can be used to manipulate the ballistic drop jumping via an electrostatic field, opening the possibility of energy efficient drop detaching techniques in various applications.
Imaging through Nonlinear Metalens Using Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Schlickriede Christian , Waterman Naomi , Reineke Bernhard , Georgi Philip , Li Guixin , Zhang Shuang , Zentgraf Thomas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe abrupt phase change of light at metasurfaces provides high flexibility in wave manipulation without the need for accumulation of propagating phase through dispersive materials. In the linear optical regime, one important application field of metasurfaces is imaging by planar metalenses, which enables device miniaturization and aberration correction compared to conventional optical microlens systems. With the incorporation of nonlinear responses into passive metasurfaces, optical functionalities of metalenses are anticipated to be further enriched, leading to completely new application areas. Here, imaging with nonlinear metalenses that combine the function of an ultrathin planar lens with simultaneous frequency conversion is demonstrated. With such nonlinear metalenses, imaging of objects with near infrared light while the image appears in the second harmonic signal of visible frequency range is experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, the functionality of these nonlinear metalenses can be modified by switching the handedness of the circularly polarized fundamental wave, leading to either real or virtual nonlinear image formation. Nonlinear metalenses not only enable infrared light imaging through a visible detector but also have the ability to modulate nonlinear optical responses through an ultrathin metasurface device while the fundamental wave remains unaffected, which offers the capability of nonlinear information processing with novel optoelectronic devices.
Thioether–Polyglycidol as Multivalent and Multifunctional Coating System for Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Feineis Susanne , Lutz Johanna , Heffele Lora , Endl Elmar , Albrecht Krystyna , Groll Jürgen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThiofunctional polymers are the established standard for the coating and biofunctionalization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). However, the nucleophilic and oxidative character of thiols provokes polymeric crosslinking and significantly limits the chemical possibilities to introduce biological functions. Thioethers represent a chemically more stable potential alternative to thiols that would offer easier functionalization, yet a few studies in the literature report inconclusive data regarding the efficacy of thioethers to stabilize AuNPs in comparison to thiols. A systematic comparison is presented of mono‐ versus multivalent thiol‐ and thioether‐functional polymers, poly(ethylene glycol) versus side chain functional poly(glycidol) (PG) and it is shown that coating of AuNPs with multivalent thioether‐functional PG leads to superior colloidal stability, even under physiological conditions and after freeze‐drying and resuspension, as compared to thiol analogs at comparable polymer surface coverages. In addition, it is shown that a wide range of functional groups can be introduced in these polymers. Using diazirine functionalization as example, it is demonstrated that proteins can be covalently immobilized, and that conjugation of antibodies via this strategy enables efficient targeting and laser‐irradiation induced killing of cells.
Self‐Organized Superlattice and Phase Coexistence inside Thin Film Organometal Halide Perovskite
Authors: Kim Tae Woong , Uchida Satoshi , Matsushita Tomonori , Cojocaru Ludmila , Jono Ryota , Kimura Kohei , Matsubara Daiki , Shirai Manabu , Ito Katsuji , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Kondo Takashi , Segawa Hiroshi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOrganometal halide perovskites have attracted widespread attention as the most favorable prospective material for photovoltaic technology because of their high photoinduced charge separation and carrier transport performance. However, the microstructural aspects within the organometal halide perovskite are still unknown, even though it belongs to a crystal system. Here direct observation of the microstructure of the thin film organometal halide perovskite using transmission electron microscopy is reported. Unlike previous reports claiming each phase of the organometal halide perovskite solely exists at a given temperature range, it is identified that the tetragonal and cubic phases coexist at room temperature, and it is confirmed that superlattices composed of a mixture of tetragonal and cubic phases are self‐organized without a compositional change. The organometal halide perovskite self‐adjusts the configuration of phases and automatically organizes a buffer layer at boundaries by introducing a superlattice. This report shows the fundamental crystallographic information for the organometal halide perovskite and demonstrates new possibilities as promising materials for various applications.
Covalent Bonding of Thermoplastics to Rubbers for Printable, Reel‐to‐Reel Processing in Soft Robotics and Microfluidics
Authors: Taylor Jay M. , Perez‐Toralla Karla , Aispuro Ruby , Morin Stephen A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe lamination of mechanically stiff structures to elastic materials is prevalent in biological systems and popular in many emerging synthetic systems, such as soft robotics, microfluidics, stretchable electronics, and pop‐up assemblies. The disparate mechanical and chemical properties of these materials have made it challenging to develop universal synthetic procedures capable of reliably adhering to these classes of materials together. Herein, a simple and scalable procedure is described that is capable of covalently laminating a variety of commodity (“off‐the‐shelf”) thermoplastic sheets to silicone rubber films. When combined with laser printing, the nonbonding sites can be “printed” onto the thermoplastic sheets, enabling the direct fabrication of microfluidic systems for actuation and liquid handling applications. The versatility of this approach in generating thin, multifunctional laminates is demonstrated through the fabrication of milliscale soft actuators and grippers with hinged articulation and microfluidic channels with built‐in optical filtering and pressure‐dependent geometries. This method of fabrication offers several advantages, including technical simplicity, process scalability, design versatility, and material diversity. The concepts and strategies presented herein are broadly applicable to the soft robotics, microfluidics, and advanced and additive manufacturing communities where hybrid rubber/plastic structures are prevalent.
Toward an Aqueous Solar Battery: Direct Electrochemical Storage of Solar Energy in Carbon Nitrides
Authors: Podjaski Filip , Kröger Julia , Lotsch Bettina. V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitrides have emerged as an earth‐abundant family of polymeric materials for solar energy conversion. Herein, a 2D cyanamide‐functionalized polyheptazine imide (NCN‐PHI) is reported, which for the first time enables the synergistic coupling of two key functions of energy conversion within one single material: light harvesting and electrical energy storage. Photo‐electrochemical measurements in aqueous electrolytes reveal the underlying mechanism of this “solar battery” material: the charge storage in NCN‐PHI is based on the photoreduction of the carbon nitride backbone and charge compensation is realized by adsorption of alkali metal ions within the NCN‐PHI layers and at the solution interface. The photoreduced carbon nitride can thus be described as a battery anode operating as a pseudocapacitor, which can store light‐induced charge in the form of long‐lived, “trapped” electrons for hours. Importantly, the potential window of this process is not limited by the water reduction reaction due to the high intrinsic overpotential of carbon nitrides for hydrogen evolution, potentially enabling new applications for aqueous batteries. Thus, the feasibility of light‐induced electrical energy storage and release on demand by a one‐component light‐charged battery anode is demonstrated, which provides a sustainable solution to overcome the intermittency of solar radiation.
Graphene‐Based Heterostructured Arrays with Tunable Bandgap: A General and Forsaken Strategy
Authors: Huang Fei , Li Zhen , Yan Aihua , Zhao Hui , Feng Hao , Hu Miao , Li Qi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe pristine graphene is being subjected to zero bandgap and low charge carrier density in nanoelectronic and optoelectronic fields. Designing a versatile platform, constructing perfect interface, and understanding the interface physics in graphene‐based hybrids or heterostructures have therefore been one of the most effective paths for applications in foreseeable future. Unfortunately, inhomogeneous chemical composition and weak interface exert unfavorable effects on such systems because graphene tends to irreversibly restack and subside in solutions. Here, a general method for the preparation of Nb3O7F array/graphene (NOFA/G) heterostructures is demonstrated utilizing defect‐chemical technique, homogeneous nucleation, and preferential growth. As a distinguishing method, the solution process is an important scalable approach through oxyfluorinated functionalization on the basal plane of graphene. In particular, constructing NOF arrays on graphene platform markedly enhances light‐harvesting capacity. Moreover, the adsorption edge and bandgap can be effectively tuned according to the degree of oxyfluorinated functionalization. This general strategy extends the preparation of oxyfluoride array/carbon heterostructures and may open a door to other carbon‐based heterostructure, such as oxychloride array/carbon heterostructures, oxysulfide array/carbon heterostructures, etc.
Description and prognostic significance of the kinetics of minimal residual disease status in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with HyperCVAD
Authors: Cassaday Ryan D. , Stevenson Philip A. , Wood Brent L. , Becker Pamela S. , Hendrie Paul C. , Sandmaier Brenda M. , Radich Jerald L. , Shustov Andrei R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHyperCVAD is a commonly‐used regimen for adults with newly‐diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, relatively little is known about the application of minimal residual disease (MRD) detection with this treatment. To address this, we studied 142 adults with ALL treated with hyperCVAD over a 10‐year period who had MRD assessed by either multi‐parameter flow cytometry or (for patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive ALL) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the BCR‐ABL1 translocation. In a multivariate analysis, patients who achieved MRD negativity (MRDNeg) at any point had significantly better overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR] 0.43; P = .01) and event‐free survival (EFS; HR 0.27; P < .01). Of 121 patients with MRD assessed at various points within 90 days of starting hyperCVAD, 50% (n = 61) had achieved MRDNeg. Among those that became MRDNeg, the median time to MRDNeg was 68 days. Time to MRDNeg was significantly associated with EFS (P = .009), but not OS (P = .19), implying increasingly better EFS the earlier MRDNeg is achieved. These data add to our understanding of MRD assessment during treatment with hyperCVAD, aide clinicians with predicting relapse risk, and provide additional historical data on which future clinical trials can be designed.
D–π–A Dyes that Contain New Hydantoin Anchoring Groups for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Masui Hisashi , Maitani Masato M. , Fuse Shinichiro , Yamamura Ayaka , Ogomi Yuhei , Hayase Shuzi , Kaiho Tatsuo , Tanaka Hiroshi , Wada Yuji , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe development of new anchoring groups is important to facilitate effective co‐sensitization in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Herein, stable organic D–π–A dyes that contain new heterocyclic hydantoin‐based anchoring groups have been designed, synthesized, and used in DSSCs. These dye sensitizers were evaluated in terms of their absorption spectra, electrochemical properties, and performance in DSSC devices. Although only one‐third of the amount of hydantoin‐containing dyes adsorbed onto TiO2 relative to their cyanoacrylic‐acid‐containing analogues, they exhibited effective photoexcited electron‐transfer properties. External quantum efficiencies of over 80 % was observed, which were comparable to those of the cyanoacrylic‐acid‐containing dyes. In addition, the new hydantoin‐containing dyes exhibited significant robustness, which could allow improved stability of their corresponding photovoltaic devices under harsh conditions, such as high temperature and humidity.
Ein auf Sulfoxid basierendes, isobares Derivatisierungsreagens für die präzise quantitative Massenspektrometrie
Authors: Stadlmeier Michael , Bogena Jana , Wallner Miriam , Wühr Martin , Carell Thomas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDie moderne Proteomik erfordert Reagentien für eine akkurate Quantifizierung von Peptiden in komplexen Proben. Peptide werden üblicherweise mit isobaren Markierungen versehen, die aus einem Massenausgleicher und einem Reporter bestehen, die in der Gasphase gespalten werden. Eine geschickte Verteilung der stabilen Isotope liefert mehrere Reagentien mit identischem Molekulargewicht, jedoch mit einer abweichenden Masse der Reportergruppen, was die relative Quantifizierung mehrerer Proben in einer einzigen Messung ermöglicht. Hier wird ein neues isobares Derivatisierungsreagens vorgestellt, in dem der Massenausgleicher und der Reporter über eine Sulfoxidgruppe verbunden sind, was auf Basis einer Sulfoxidpyrolyse zu einer einfachen und asymmetrischen Spaltung bei niedriger Energie führt. Das neue Reagensdesign zeigt eine signifikante Verbesserung der Spaltung, was zu intensiveren Signalen der komplementären Ionen führt und somit auch die Analyse der Komplementärionen‐Cluster ermöglicht.
Electrochemical C−H/N−H Activation by Water‐Tolerant Cobalt Catalysis at Room Temperature
Authors: Tian Cong , Massignan Leonardo , Meyer Tjark H. , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: January 2018

AbstractElectrochemistry enabled C−H/N−H functionalizations at room temperature by external oxidant‐free cobalt catalysis. Thus, the sustainable cobalt electrocatalysis manifold proceeds with excellent levels of chemoselectivity and positional selectivity, and with ample scope, thus allowing electrochemical C−H activation under exceedingly mild reaction conditions at room temperature in water.