bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binge Ethanol Consumption Increases Inflammatory Pain Responses and Mechanical and Cold Sensitivity: Tigecycline Treatment Efficacy Shows Sex Differences
Authors: Bergeson Susan E. , Blanton Henry , Martinez Joseph M. , Curtis David C. , Sherfey Caitlyn , Seegmiller Brandon , Marquardt Patrick C. , Groot Jessica A. , Allison Clayton L. , Bezboruah Christian , Guindon Josée 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundPhysicians have long reported that patients with chronic pain show higher tendencies for alcohol use disorder (AUD), and AUD patients appear to have higher pain sensitivities. The goal of this study was to test 2 hypotheses: (i) binge alcohol consumption increases inflammatory pain and mechanical and cold sensitivities; and (ii) tigecycline is an effective treatment for alcohol‐mediated‐increased pain behaviors and sensitivities. Both female and male mice were used to test the additional hypothesis that important sex differences in the ethanol (EtOH)‐related traits would be seen.Methods“Drinking in the Dark” (DID) alcohol consuming and nondrinking control, female and male, adult C57BL/6J mice were evaluated for inflammatory pain behaviors and for the presence of mechanical and cold sensitivities. Inflammatory pain was produced by intraplantar injection of formalin (10 μl, 2.5% in saline). For cold sensation, a 20 μl acetone drop was used. Mechanical withdrawal threshold was measured by an electronic von Frey anesthesiometer. Efficacy of tigecycline (80 mg/kg i.p.) to reduce DID‐related pain responses and sensitivity was tested.ResultsDID EtOH consumption increased inflammatory pain behavior, while it also produced sustained mechanical and cold sensitivities in both females and males. Tigecycline produced antinociceptive effects in males; a pro‐nociceptive effect was seen in females in the formalin test. Likewise, the drug reduced both mechanical and cold sensitivities in males, but females showed an increase in sensitivity in both tests.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that binge drinking increases pain, touch, and thermal sensations in both sexes. In addition, we have identified sex‐specific effects of tigecycline on inflammatory pain, as well as mechanical and cold sensitivities. The development of tigecycline as an AUD pharmacotherapy may need consideration of its pro‐nociceptive action in females. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanism underlying the sex‐specific differences in nociception.
A randomized trial of brief dialectical behaviour therapy skills training in suicidal patients suffering from borderline disorder
Authors: McMain Shelley F. , Guimond Tim , Barnhart Ryan , Habinski Liat , Streiner David L. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveEvidence‐based therapies for borderline personality disorder (BPD) are lengthy and scarce. Data on brief interventions are limited, and their role in the treatment of BPD is unclear. Our aim was therefore to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of brief dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) skills training as an adjunctive intervention for high suicide risk in patients with BPD.MethodEighty‐four out‐patients were randomized to 20 weeks of DBT skills (n = 42) or a waitlist (WL; n = 42). The primary outcome was frequency of suicidal or non‐suicidal self‐injurious (NSSI) episodes. Assessments were conducted at baseline 10, 20 and 32 weeks.ResultsDBT participants showed greater reductions than the WL participants on suicidal and NSSI behaviours between baseline and 32 weeks (P < 0.0001). DBT participants showed greater improvements than controls on measures of anger, distress tolerance and emotion regulation at 32 weeks.ConclusionsThis abbreviated intervention is a viable option that may be a useful adjunctive intervention for the treatment of high‐risk behaviour associated with the acute phase of BPD.
Biallelic β‐carotene oxygenase 2 knockout results in yellow fat in sheep via CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Niu Y. , Jin M. , Li Y. , Li P. , Zhou J. , Wang X. , Petersen B. , Huang X. , Kou Q. , Chen Y. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe recently emerged CRISPR/Cas9 approach represents an efficient and versatile genome editing tool for producing genetically modified animals. Β‐carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) is a key enzyme in the progress of β‐carotene metabolism and is associated with yellow adipose tissue color in sheep. We have recently demonstrated targeted multiplex mutagenesis in sheep and have generated a group of BCO2‐disrupted sheep by zygote injection of the CRISPR/Cas9 components. Here, we show that biallelic modification of BCO2 resulted in yellow fat, compared with the fat color in monoallelic individuals and wild types (snow‐flower white). We subsequently characterized the effects of gene modifications at genetic levels employing sequencing and Western blotting, highlighting the importance of the BCO2 gene for the determination of fat color in sheep. These results indicate that genetic modification via CRISPR/Cas9 holds great potential for validating gene functions as well as for generating desirable phenotypes for economically important traits in livestock.
Combinations and loads of bacteria affect the cytokine production by fetal membranes: An in vitro study
Authors: Noda‐Nicolau Nathalia Mayumi , Polettini Jossimara , Peltier Morgan R. , da Silva Márcia Guimarães , Menon Ramkumar 
Published: November 2016

ProblemThe polybacterial invasion and inflammation of the amniotic cavity is a common scenario in PTB, and then, we analyzed the cytokine production by human fetal membranes to better understand the host response to polybacterial infections.Method of studyFetal membranes were treated by heat‐inactivated genital mycoplasmas and Gardnerella vaginalis at 103 or 106 colony/color‐forming units/mL alone or in combination. Cytokines/receptors were measured in the medium by immunoassays.ResultsStimulation of genital mycoplasmas did not increase the proinflammatory cytokines, except Ureaplasma urealyticum that increased IL‐8 levels. However, U. urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis significantly increased IL‐10 and IL‐13 levels. G. vaginalis alone or in combination with genital mycoplasmas showed an increased proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionsG. vaginalis sustain a proinflammatory response in the fetal membranes in vitro, while genital mycoplasmas induce a strong control of the inflammatory response. The ability of genital mycoplasmas to control the proinflammatory response may favor their survival in the upper genital tract.
Elective hepatic resection is feasible and safe in a regional centre
Authors: Gray Andrew D. , Petrou George , Rastogi Pratik , Begbie Stephen 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundHepatic resectional surgery remains a highly specialized area of general surgery usually reserved for completion at tertiary metropolitan referral centres. Port Macquarie, on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, is the only regionally based hospital offering surgery of this nature in mainland Australia. The purpose of this study is to review the data for patients undergoing hepatic resectional surgery in this non‐metropolitan centre in order to illustrate that these operations can be carried out safely in a regional setting with comparable results to tertiary‐level centres.MethodsA retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing elective hepatic resections at Port Macquarie from February 2008 to 31 October 2015 was completed. Pre‐morbid patient clinical and demographic factors, histopathological details, post‐operative complications, survival and mortality data were all noted.ResultsA total of 66 consecutive elective liver resections were performed during the study period. Metastatic colorectal cancer was the most commonly observed pathology (n = 33, 50.0%). The 90‐day mortality was 4.5% (n = 3) whilst 17 patients (n = 17, 25.8%) experienced major complications (Clavien–Dindo grade 3 or 4). The median overall survival following hepatectomy for colorectal metastases was 48 months (95% confidence interval 37–59 months).ConclusionOur study shows excellent morbidity, mortality and survival for hepatic resectional surgery performed in a regional centre and is comparable data to major metropolitan centres. Our study confirms that major hepatic resectional surgery in this setting is safe and effective.
Indications and efficacy of endoscopic vacuum‐assisted closure therapy for upper gastrointestinal perforations
Authors: Ooi Geraldine , Burton Paul , Packiyanathan Andrew , Loh Damien , Chen Richard , Shaw Kalai , Brown Wendy , Nottle Peter 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundEndoscopic vacuum‐assisted closure (EndoVAC) therapy is a recent innovation described for use in upper gastrointestinal perforations and leaks, with reported success of 80–90%. It provides sepsis control and collapses the cavity preventing stasis, encouraging healing of the defect. Whilst promising, initial reports of this new technique have not established clear indications, feasibility and optimal technique.MethodsWe analysed all patients who underwent EndoVAC therapy between 2014 and 2016. The technique involved a standard gastroscope, nasogastric tube and vacuum‐assisted closure dressing kit, with endoscopic placement of the polyurethane sponge. Data were collected on indication, technique, sepsis control, outcomes and drainage volumes.ResultsTen patients were treated. Average age was 56.7 ± 12.3 years. There were three mortalities. EndoVAC placement was feasible in nine patients and successful healing was observed in six patients. Failure was more likely in the cases of large (>8 cm), chronic or complex cavities. A three‐phase response was seen in successful cases, with initial reduction in external drainage (average: 143–17 mL/day within 1 week), followed by a progressive reduction in inflammatory markers (2 weeks) and finally a healing phase with reduction in cavity size (3 weeks).Conclusion
EndoVAC therapy is a potentially useful adjunct to conventional treatments of a subset of upper gastrointestinal leaks and perforations when there is a contained cavity <8 cm. It appears less effective in an uncontained perforation or chronically established tract. It has clear advantages of being easily applied with readily available equipment and disposables.
Higher alcohol consumption in early pregnancy or low‐to‐moderate drinking during pregnancy may affect children's behaviour and development at one year and six months
Authors: Sundelin‐Wahlsten Viveka , Hallberg Gunilla , Helander Anders 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimIt is unclear whether low‐to‐moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy affects child development. This study examined the effects that a mother's self‐reported alcohol consumption had on her pregnancy and her child's birth, behaviour and development.MethodsWe asked 291 Swedish women to report their alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT); provide data on their pregnancy, labour and neonatal period; and complete a child behaviour and development questionnaire when their child was one year and six months of age. The mothers were separated into four subgroups based on their AUDIT scores.ResultsThere were no group differences in gestational length, but children were shorter at birth if their mother drank during pregnancy. Mothers with the highest alcohol consumption before pregnancy were generally younger and more likely to smoke, have unplanned pregnancies and have children who displayed behavioural problems than controls who reported abstinence before and during pregnancy. Mothers who drank more during pregnancy than before were more likely to have had abortions and unplanned pregnancies and less likely to breastfeed for more than six months.ConclusionOur results suggested that low‐to‐moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy may negatively influence a child's development and behaviour in several ways.
Improvement in liver histology due to lifestyle modification is independently associated with improved kidney function in patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Vilar‐Gomez E. , Calzadilla‐Bertot L. , Friedman S. L. , Gra‐Oramas B. , Gonzalez‐Fabian L. , Villa‐Jimenez O. , Lazo‐del Vallin S. , Diago M. , Adams L. A. , Romero‐Gomez M. , Chalasani N. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundSeveral recent studies have shown a strong association between non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and chronic kidney disease.AimTo examine the relationship between changes in liver histology and renal function in patients with NASH.MethodsThe present analysis represents a post hoc analysis of a recently published trial that included 261 patients with NASH who were treated with lifestyle modifications during 52 weeks. Kidney function was evaluated through Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2) overtime. We explored correlations between the kidney function and improvement in histological outcomes at 52 weeks.ResultsInterestingly, a one‐stage reduction in fibrosis (r = 0.20, P < 0.01) and resolution of NASH (r = 0.17, P < 0.01) were significantly correlated with an improvement in the kidney function. The eGFR values significantly increased in patients with fibrosis improvement (+7.6 ± 6.5 mL/min/1.73 m2), compared to those without fibrosis improvement (−1.98 ± 6.4 mL/min/1.73 m2) (P < 0.01) at end of treatment (EOT). Likewise, NASH resolution was associated with an increase in eGFR compared with patients without NASH resolution (2.32 ± 7.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. −1.04 ± 5.9 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.04) at EOT. After controlling for the confounders, the association between fibrosis improvement, NASH resolution and eGFR change remained significant (P < 0.05 for both).ConclusionsImprovement in liver histology due to lifestyle modification is independently associated with improved kidney function in NASH. As new drugs for NASH emerge, studies should address whether improvement in histology in response to pharmacotherapies yield the same improvement in kidney function as weight loss.
Internal hernia through a transverse mesocolon defect after laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: Report of a case
Authors: Nanno Yoshihide , Goto Tadahiro , Toyama Hirochika , Asari Sadaki , Terai Sachio , Shirakawa Sachiyo , Mizumoto Takuya , Ueda Yuki , Kido Masahiro , Ajiki Tetsuo , Fukumoto Takumi , Ku Yonson 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report a case of an internal hernia through a transverse mesocolon defect after laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. The patient was a 58‐year‐old man with an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreatic body who underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. During surgery, an approximately 5‐cm defect in the transverse mesocolon was inadvertently made. The defect was not closed as it was thought to be large enough to preclude incarceration. However, the patient developed a bowel obstruction 2 months postoperatively. Laparotomy revealed that a loop of the proximal jejunum herniated through the defect and was adherent to the stapled pancreatic stump. An additional loop of the jejunum was herniated through the narrowed mesenteric defect. To our knowledge, this is the first case of an internal hernia through a transverse mesocolon defect after laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy.
The paradox of long‐term ungulate impact: increase of plant species richness in a temperate forest
Authors: Vild Ondřej , Hédl Radim , Kopecký Martin , Szabó Péter , Suchánková Silvie , Zouhar Václav 
Published: November 2016

AbstractQuestionsDid high densities of wild ungulates cause a decline in plant species richness in a temperate oak wood? How did species composition change after nearly five decades? Did ungulates facilitate the spread of ruderal species and supress endangered species? Did dispersal strategies play a role in these processes?LocationKrumlov Wood, SE Czech Republic.MethodsIn 2012, we resampled 58 quasi‐permanent vegetation plots first surveyed in the 1960s. Between the surveys, 36 plots were enclosed in a game preserve with artificially high density of ungulates (mostly deer, mouflon and wild boar; ca. 55 animals·km−2). We analysed the differences in temporal changes between plots inside and outside the game preserve, focusing on species diversity and composition. We assessed species characteristics relevant to grazing to understand compositional changes.ResultsUngulates significantly increased α‐ and γ‐diversity and caused significant vegetation homogenization inside the game preserve. Vegetation homogenization and the increase in species richness resulted from massive enrichment with ruderal species. However, richness of endangered species decreased. Species dispersed by animals internally (endozoochory) increased, while species dispersed externally (epizoochory) or by wind (anemochory) decreased.ConclusionsContrary to our expectations, our long‐term data showed that artificially high ungulate densities substantially increased plant species richness. Apparently, the establishment of ruderal herbs was supported by frequent disturbances and ungulate‐mediated dispersal. At the same time, species richness of non‐ruderal plants did not change, probably because ungulates hindered the regeneration of woody species and maintained an open forest canopy. In conclusion, high ungulate density led to the spread of ruderal species, which in turn strongly contributed to the observed shift towards nutrient‐richer conditions and taxonomically more homogenous communities.
Linkage disequilibrium amongst ITGA2B and ITGB3 gene variants in patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia confirms that most disease‐causing mutations are recent
Authors: Pillois Xavier , Nurden Alan T. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryWe recently reported mutation analysis of the largest cohort of Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) patients so far examined. Sanger sequencing of coding regions, splice sites, upstream and downstream regions of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes identified 78 causal genetic variants (55 novel); 4 large deletions or duplications were also detected. We have now analysed the expression of non‐causal gene polymorphisms in the sequenced regions of both genes in selected members of this cohort. We identified 10 mostly silent variants in ITGA2B and 37 in ITGB3; all were present in control donor databases. Three non‐synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms present were human platelet alloantigen (HPA) variants. A series of haplogroups, often including HPA‐3b in ITGA2B, repeated with little variation across unrelated families of wide geographical origins and with different GT‐causing mutations whether in ITGA2B or ITGB3. In contrast, a deleterious heterozygous c.1440‐13_c.1440‐1del in intron 14 of ITGA2B shared a common ITGA2B haplogroup composed of at least five gene polymorphisms and re‐occurred in seven European families with no known family relationships. Our results highlight the value of gene polymorphism analysis in GT and are consistent with the bulk of disease‐causing mutations in GT being of recent origin.
Low‐dose desmopressin combined with serum sodium monitoring can prevent clinically significant hyponatraemia in patients treated for nocturia
Authors: Juul Kristian Vinter , Malmberg Anders , van der Meulen Egbert , Walle Johan Vande , Nørgaard Jens Peter 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo explore risk factors for desmopressin‐induced hyponatraemia and evaluate the impact of a serum sodium monitoring plan.Subjects and MethodsThis was a meta‐analysis of data from three clinical trials of desmopressin in nocturia. Patients received placebo or desmopressin orally disintegrating tablet (ODT; 10–100 μg). The incidence of serum sodium <130 mmol/L was recorded by age, sex and dose. Potential predictors of clinically significant hyponatraemia were identified using multivariate analysis in a Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsDose, age, baseline serum sodium level and kidney function, according to estimated GFR clearance, were significant risk factors for hyponatraemia in both sexes; similar to the known risk factors associated with hyponatraemia in the general population. In men, arthritis and use of drugs for bone disease were also predictive of hyponatraemia, while in women, raised monocytes and absence of lipid‐modifying drugs increased the risk of hyponatraemia. Use of the proposed monitoring scheme and the minimum effective dose would have omitted all patients with clinically significant hyponatraemia from further treatment.ConclusionsThe incidence of hyponatraemia can be reduced by using minimum effective gender‐specific dosing with the ODT formulation of desmopressin (25 μg in women, 50 μg in men). A sodium monitoring plan is proposed whereby baseline sodium must be ≥135 mmol/L (especially important in the elderly), with additional monitoring at week 1 and month 1 for those at elevated risk because they are aged ≥65 years or receiving concomitant medication associated with hyponatraemia. This monitoring plan would help to prevent some at‐risk patients developing hyponatraemia; retrospective application of the monitoring plan showed that, once at‐risk patients were appropriately screened out, only mild, non‐clinically significant hyponatraemia was observed, within ranges of other drugs associated with hyponatraemia and similar to the background prevalence in the treatment population.
Mirror neurons in the tree of life: mosaic evolution, plasticity and exaptation of sensorimotor matching responses
Authors: Tramacere Antonella , Pievani Telmo , Ferrari Pier F. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTConsidering the properties of mirror neurons (MNs) in terms of development and phylogeny, we offer a novel, unifying, and testable account of their evolution according to the available data and try to unify apparently discordant research, including the plasticity ofMNsduring development, their adaptive value and their phylogenetic relationships and continuity. We hypothesize that theMNsystem reflects a set of interrelated traits, each with an independent natural history due to unique selective pressures, and propose that there are at least three evolutionarily significant trends that gave raise to three subtypes: hand visuomotor, mouth visuomotor, and audio–vocal. Specifically, we put forward a mosaic evolution hypothesis, which posits that different types ofMNsmay have evolved at different rates within and among species. This evolutionary hypothesis represents an alternative to both adaptationist and associative models. Finally, the review offers a strong heuristic potential in predicting the circumstances under which specific variations and properties ofMNsare expected. Such predictive value is critical to test new hypotheses aboutMNactivity and its plastic changes, depending on the species, the neuroanatomical substrates, and the ecological niche.