bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Telestroke Program Improves Thrombolysis for Acute Stroke Across 21 Hospitals of an Integrated Healthcare System
Authors: Nguyen-Huynh Mai N. , Klingman Jeffrey G. , Avins Andrew L. , Rao Vivek A. , Eaton Abigail , Bhopale Sunil , Kim Anne C. , Morehouse John W. , Flint Alexander C. 
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose—
Faster treatment with intravenous alteplase in acute ischemic stroke is associated with better outcomes. Starting in 2015, Kaiser Permanente Northern California redesigned its acute stroke workflow across all 21 Kaiser Permanente Northern California stroke centers to (1) follow a single standardized version of a modified Helsinki model and (2) have all emergency stroke cases managed by a dedicated telestroke neurologist. We examined the effect of Kaiser Permanente Northern California’s Stroke EXpediting the PRrocess of Evaluating and Stopping Stroke program on door-to-needle (DTN) time, alteplase use, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rates.

Methods—
The program was introduced in a staggered fashion from September 2015 to January 2016. We compared DTN times for a seasonally adjusted 9-month period at each center before implementation to the corresponding 9-month calendar period from the start of implementation. The primary outcome was the DTN time for alteplase administration. Secondary outcomes included rate of alteplase administrations per month, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and disposition at time of discharge.

Results—

This study included 310 patients treated with alteplase in the pre–EXpediting the PRrocess of Evaluating and Stopping Stroke period and 557 patients treated with alteplase in the EXpediting the PRrocess of Evaluating and Stopping Stroke period. After implementation, alteplase administrations increased to 62/mo from 34/mo at baseline (
P
<0.001). Median DTN time decreased to 34 minutes after implementation from 53.5 minutes prior (
P
<0.001), and DTN time of <60 minutes was achieved in 87.1% versus 61.0% (
P
<0.001) of patients. DTN times <30 minutes were much more common in the Stroke EXpediting the PRrocess of Evaluating and Stopping Stroke period (40.8% versus 4.2% before implementation). There was no significant difference in symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rates in the 2 periods (3.8% versus 2.2% before implementation;
P
=0.29).

Conclusions—
Introduction of a standardized modified Helsinki protocol across 21 hospitals using telestroke management was associated with increased alteplase administrations, significantly shorter DTN times, and no increase in adverse outcomes.
Medieval jurisprudence on international law
Authors: Fedele Dante 
Published: December 2017

The French translation of Baldus de Ubaldis’ commentary on the Peace of
Constance (1183) by Dominique Gaurier provides an opportunity to point out some
difficulties with regard to the original’s textual transmission. A lacuna
occurring in the Milanese edition of c. 1502 was reproduced in the collections
of treatises printed in Lyons in 1535 and 1544, and spread
in the glossed editions of the Corpus iuris which
appeared after the mid-sixteenth century.
American Neighborhood Organizing in Historical Change
Authors: Zhou Xuemei 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Robert Fisher, a famous American sociologist, a professor of social work at the University of Connecticut and an enthusiastic participant in the neighborhood movement, has engaged in social work for a long time. Let the People Decide: Neighborhood Organizing in America is a revision of its first edition published in 1984. The author summarizes the developmental process and the basic approaches of neighborhood organizing from the end of the 19th century to the 1990s, and proposes, from a left-wing perspective, that this movement can be revived only when the idealism of the 1960s is injected into the realism of the 1980s and the 1990s. A masterpiece examining the United States from the perspective of actions of the lower class and scrutinizing the actions of the lower class against the backdrops of the United States, this work is of a global significance and contemporary value, and also provokes useful thinking and inspiration for Chinese scholars to pay more attention to and conduct in-depth research on social movements.
The Middens at Tora Nju and Their Adjacent Stone Enclosure
Authors: Wilmsen Edwin N , Denbow James R 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tora Nju is the local name for a collapsed stone walled enclosure situated approximately 20km from Sowa Spit, 200 m south of the Mosetse River, and 7 km east of the present strandline of Sowa Pan. The site that takes its name from this ruin includes several midden areas containing pottery, stone tools, and faunal remains along with house structures and grain bins. Excavations were carried out in parts of all these site components. The middens contained a moderately rich suite of materials including sherds, glass and shell beads, metal, and animal bones. The enclosure, however, yielded very little. Consequently, we concentrate here first on the middens before turning to the enclosure. Typical Khami vessel forms predominate throughout the midden stratigraphy; a few midden sherds are comparable with Lose wares in part contemporary with Khami ceramics. A possible earlier Leopard’s Kopje presence is also indicated. Glass beads characteristic of Khami Indo-Pacific series were also recovered from all midden levels. Three charcoal samples yielded contradictory radiocarbon dates for the middens, and we have no direct means for dating the enclosure. We evaluate evidence for a takeover of Sowa salt production by the Khami state sometime in the early 15th century. Finally, we examine historical records and incorporate current linguistic and dna studies of Khoisan and Bantu speakers to illuminate the social history of the Tora Nju region.
Science as Social Existence
Authors: Kochan Jeff 
Published: December 2017

In this bold and original study, Jeff Kochan constructively combines the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) with Martin Heidegger’s early existential conception of science. Kochan shows convincingly that these apparently quite different approaches to science are, in fact, largely compatible, even mutually reinforcing.
By combining Heidegger with SSK, Kochan argues, we can explicate, elaborate, and empirically ground Heidegger’s philosophy of science in a way that makes it more accessible and useful for social scientists and historians of science. Likewise, incorporating Heideggerian phenomenology into SSK renders SKK a more robust and attractive methodology for use by scholars in the interdisciplinary field of Science and Technology Studies (STS). Kochan’s ground-breaking reinterpretation of Heidegger also enables STS scholars to sustain a principled analytical focus on scientific subjectivity, without running afoul of the orthodox subject-object distinction they often reject.
Science as Social Existence is the first book of its kind, unfurling its argument through a range of topics relevant to contemporary STS research. These include the epistemology and metaphysics of scientific practice, as well as the methods of explanation appropriate to social scientific and historical studies of science. Science as Social Existence puts concentrated emphasis on the compatibility of Heidegger’s existential conception of science with the historical sociology of scientific knowledge, pursuing this combination at both macro- and micro-historical levels.
Beautifully written and accessible, Science as Social Existence puts new and powerful tools into the hands of sociologists and historians of science, cultural theorists of science, Heidegger scholars, and pluralist philosophers of science.
Large-Eddy Simulation of the Stratocumulus-Capped Boundary Layer with Explicit Filtering and Reconstruction Turbulence Modeling
Authors: Shi Xiaoming , Hagen Hannah L. , Chow Fotini Katopodes , Bryan George H. , Street Robert L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Large-eddy simulation (LES) has been an essential tool in the development of theory and parameterizations for clouds, but when applied to stratocumulus clouds under sharp temperature inversions, many LES models produce an unrealistically thin cloud layer and a decoupled boundary layer structure. Here, explicit filtering and reconstruction are used for simulation of stratocumulus clouds observed during the first research flight (RF01) of the Second Dynamics and Chemistry of the Marine Stratocumulus field study (DYCOMS II). The dynamic reconstruction model (DRM) is used within an explicit filtering and reconstruction framework, partitioning subfilter-scale motions into resolvable subfilter scales (RSFSs) and unresolvable subgrid scales (SGSs). The former are reconstructed, and the latter are modeled. Differing from traditional turbulence models, the reconstructed RSFS stress/fluxes can produce backscatter of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) and, importantly, turbulence potential energy (TPE). The modeled backscatter reduces entrainment at the cloud top and, meanwhile, strengthens resolved turbulence through preserving TKE and TPE, resulting in a realistic boundary layer with an adequate amount of cloud water and vertically coupled turbulent eddies. Additional simulations are performed in the terra incognita, when the grid spacing of a simulation becomes comparable to the size of the most energetic eddies. With 20-m vertical and 1-km horizontal grid spacings, simulations using DRM provide a reasonable representation of bulk properties of the stratocumulus-capped boundary layer.
The Role of Turbulence in Redistributing Upper-Ocean Heat, Freshwater, and Momentum in Response to the MJO in the Equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Pujiana Kandaga , Moum James N. , Smyth William D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe role of turbulent mixing in regulating the ocean’s response to the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is assessed from measurements of surface forcing, acoustic, and microstructure profiles during October–early December 2011 at 0°, 80.5°E in the Indian Ocean. During the active phase of the MJO, the surface mixed layer was cooled from above by air–sea fluxes and from below by turbulent mixing, in roughly equal proportions. During the suppressed and disturbed phases, the mixed layer temperature increased, primarily because of the vertical divergence between net surface warming and turbulent cooling. Despite heavy precipitation during the active phase, subsurface mixing was sufficient to increase the mixed layer salinity by entraining salty Arabian Sea Water from the pycnocline. The turbulent salt flux across the mixed layer base was, on average, 2 times as large as the surface salt flux. Wind stress accelerated the Yoshida–Wyrtki jet, while the turbulent stress was primarily responsible for decelerating the jet through the active phase, during which the mean turbulent stress was roughly 65% of the mean surface wind stress. These turbulent processes may account for systematic errors in numerical models of MJO evolution.
Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Characteristics Stratified by Genesis Environment
Authors: Fudeyasu Hironori , Yoshida Ryuji 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The characteristics of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the summer and autumn seasons over the western North Pacific that are associated with different environmental factors that influence TC genesis (TCG) were studied. The authors objectively categorized factors into the five TCG factors classified by Ritchie and Holland: monsoon shear line (SL), monsoon confluence region (CR), monsoon gyre (GY), easterly wave (EW), and the Rossby wave energy dispersion from a preexisting TC (PTC). The GY-TCs tended to develop slowly, and the highest rates of occurrence of rapid intensification (RI) were found for the CR-TCs, whereas the GY-TCs rarely experienced RI. The average storm size of the GY-TCs at the time of formation was the largest of the averages among the TC types, while the EW- and PTC-TCs were smaller, although these differences disappeared at the mature time. There were no significant differences in the sea surface temperature (SST) beneath the TCs, but the tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) of the PTC-TCs was higher. The PTC-TCs tended to develop as intense TCs and exhibited favorable environmental characteristics, such as high TCHP, high convective available potential energy, and weak vertical shear. The occurrence rate of the PTC-TCs that made landfall in the Philippines was higher than the averages of the other TC types, whereas those of the EW-TCs (PTC-TCs) that made landfall in Japan (China) were lower. These results provide important information for use in disaster prevention.
Factors Leading to Extreme Precipitation on Dominica from Tropical Storm Erika (2015)
Authors: Nugent Alison D. , Rios-Berrios Rosimar 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tropical cyclones are generally characterized by strong rotating winds, and yet, the associated rainfall can be equally destructive. Tropical Storm Erika (2015) is an example of such a cyclone whose heavy rainfall south of the storm center was responsible for significant loss of life and property. Tropical Storm Erika was a weak tropical storm in a sheared environment that passed through the Lesser Antilles on 27 August 2015. Radar and rain gauges measured at least a half meter of rainfall on the Commonwealth of Dominica in about 5 h. In this study, an analysis of several observational datasets showed that the combination of a sheared environment, dry northern sector, and mesovortex contributed to the significant storm precipitation. The sheared environment affected the storm structure, causing it to weaken, but also organized convection and precipitation in the region that passed over Dominica. Furthermore, a mesovortex embedded within the storm persisted over Dominica, leading to enhanced rainfall totals. Understanding the factors leading to heavy rainfall for this case is important for future prediction of similar weak, sheared tropical storms passing near mountainous islands.
Temporal trajectories of novel object recognition performance in mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Gozal David , Khalyfa Abdelnaby , Qiao Zhuanghong , Almendros Isaac , Farré Ramon 
Published: December 2017

Intermittent hypoxia is one of the major perturbations of sleep-disordered breathing and has been causally implicated in neurocognitive deficits. However, the reversibility of such deficits is unclear.Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to either intermittent hypoxia or room air for 3–240 days, and then half were randomly selected and allowed to recover in normoxic conditions for the same duration of the previous exposure. A novel object recognition (NOR) test was performed.NOR performance was stable over time in room air. Intermittent hypoxia induced significant reductions in recognition index that progressed over the first 45 days and stabilised thereafter. Normoxic recovery of recognition index was essentially complete and indistinguishable from room air in mice exposed to shorter intermittent hypoxia times (<90 days). However, significant residual deficits emerged after normoxic recovery following prolonged intermittent hypoxia exposures (p<0.01). In addition, gradual attenuation of the magnitude of recovery in recognition index occurred with increasingly longer intermittent hypoxia exposures (MANOVA p<0.0001).Intermittent hypoxia during the resting period reduces NOR performance in a time-dependent fashion. Reversal of NOR performance deficits is unlikely after prolonged intermittent hypoxia duration. These findings suggest that early recognition of sleep apnoea and effective treatment are critical for restoration of the adverse cognitive effects of the disease.
Initial Results of Peripheral-Blood Stem-Cell Mobilization, Collection, Cryopreservation, and Engraftment After Autologous Transplantation Confirm That the Capacity-Building Approach Offers Good Chances of Success in Critical Contexts: A Kurdish-Italian Cooperative Project at the Hiwa Cancer Hospital, Sulaymaniyah
Authors: Majolino Ignazio , Mohammed Dereen , Hassan Dastan , Ipsevich Francesco , Abdullah Chra , Mohammed Rebar , Palmas Angelo , Possenti Marco , Noori Diana , Ali Dlir , Karem Harem , Salih Salah , Vacca Michele , Del Fante Claudia , Ostuni Angelo , Frigato Andrea , Massei Maria Speranza , Manna Annunziata , Vasta Stefania , Gabriel Marcela , Verna Marta , Rovelli Attilio , Conter Valentino , Ali Kosar , Othman Dosti 
Published: December 2017

Introduction At Hiwa Cancer Hospital (Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan) after the center was started by a cooperative project in June 2016, autologous transplantation was developed. Patients and Methods To develop the project, the capacity-building approach was adopted, with on-site training and coaching of personnel, educational meetings, lectures, on-the-job training, and the implementation of quality management planning. Results Here, we report initial results of peripheral-blood stem-cell mobilization and collection of the first 27 patients (age 12 to 61 years; 19 males and 8 females; multiple myeloma, n = 10; plasma cell leukemia, n = 1; Hodgkin lymphoma, n = 12; non-Hodgkin lymphoma, n = 3; and acute myeloid leukemia, n = 1). Only three (11.5%) of 26 patients experienced a failure of mobilization. A median of 6.1 × 106/kg CD34-positive cells per patient were collected (range, 2.4 to 20.8), with two apheretic runs. Twenty-four patients underwent autologous transplantation. All but one transplantation engrafted fully and steadily, with 0.5 and 1.0 × 109/L polymorphonucleates on day 10.5 (range, 8 to 12) and day 11 (range, 9 to 15), respectively, and with 20 and 50 × 109/L platelets on day 13 (range, 10 to 17) and day 17 (range, 2 to 44), respectively. More than 95% of patients are projected to survive 1 year after autograft. Conclusion These data are the result of an Italian effort to establish in Iraqi Kurdistan a leading center for hemopoietic stem-cell transplantation. The capacity building approach was used, with on-site training and coaching as instruments for the development of provider ability and problem solving. With future limitations for immigration, this method will be helpful, especially in the field of high-technology medicine.
Oral aniracetam treatment in C57BL/6J mice without pre-existing cognitive dysfunction reveals no changes in learning, memory, anxiety or stereotypy
Authors: Reynolds Conner D. , Jefferson Taylor S. , Volquardsen Meagan , Pandian Ashvini , Smith Gregory D. , Holley Andrew J. , Lugo Joaquin N. 
Published: December 2017

Background: The piracetam analog, aniracetam, has recently received attention for its cognition enhancing potential, with minimal reported side effects. Previous studies report the drug to be effective in both human and non-human models with pre-existing cognitive dysfunction, but few studies have evaluated its efficacy in healthy subjects. A previous study performed in our laboratory found no cognitive enhancing effects of oral aniracetam administration 1-hour prior to behavioral testing in naïve C57BL/6J mice. Methods: The current study aims to further evaluate this drug by administration of aniracetam 30 minutes prior to testing in order to optimize any cognitive enhancing effects. In this study, all naïve C57BL/6J mice were tested in tasks of delayed fear conditioning, novel object recognition, rotarod, open field, elevated plus maze, and marble burying. Results: Across all tasks, animals in the treatment group failed to show enhanced learning when compared to controls. Conclusions: These results provide further evidence suggesting that aniracetam conveys no therapeutic benefit to subjects without pre-existing cognitive dysfunction.
Validity, reliability and factor analysis of the Polish version of the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory
Authors: Rybojad Beata , Aftyka Anna 
Published: December 2017

Cel pracyOcena trafności i rzetelności polskiej wersji Skali Dystresu Okołotraumatycznego oraz przeprowadzenie analizy czynnikowej narzędzia.MetodaPrzekrojowym badaniem objęto 100 pracowników systemu ratownictwa medycznego w Polsce, którzy wypełnili autorską metryczkę, polską wersja Zrewidowanej Skali Wpływu Zdarzeń oraz poddaną walidacji w niniejszym badaniu Skalę Dystresu Okołotraumatycznego (PDI).WynikiWartość współczynnika α Cronbacha dla całej skali, obejmującej ostatecznie 12 itemów, wynosi 0,77. Wykazano 3-czynnikową strukturę narzędzia, która wyjaśnia 60,04% wariancji. Wykonane analizy ujawniły umiarkowane i wysokie wartości ładunków czynnikowych wszystkich pozycji tworzących poszczególne podskale z wyjątkiem pozycji piątej. Na tej podstawie podjęto decyzję o odrzuceniu ze skali itemu piątego. Wartość α- Cronbacha dla czynnika 1 (Utrata kontroli i pobudzenie) wynosi 0,75, czynnika 2 (Emocje negatywne) - 0,77 i dla czynnika 3 (Poczucie zagrożenia) - 0,68. Stwierdzono silną, dodatnią korelację pomiędzy dystresem a nasileniem objawów stresu pourazowego (p<0,01). Dodatkowo dystres silnie i dodatnio korelował z poszczególnymi objawami PTSD: intruzją, pobudzeniem i unikaniem.WnioskiPolska wersja PDI wydaje się być trafnym i rzetelnym narzędziem do oceny dystresu.
Sustainability in the AAP Bronchiolitis Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Shadman Kristin A. , Ralston Shawn L. , Garber Matthew D. , Eickhoff Jens , Mussman Grant M. , Walley Susan C. , Rice‐Conboy Elizabeth , Coller Ryan J. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESAdherence to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) bronchiolitis clinical practice guideline recommendations improved significantly through the AAP's multiinstitutional collaborative, the Bronchiolitis Quality Improvement Project (BQIP). We assessed sustainability of improvements at participating institutions for 1 year following completion of the collaborative.METHODSTwenty‐one multidisciplinary hospital‐based teams provided monthly data for key inpatient bronchiolitis measures during baseline and intervention bronchiolitis seasons. Nine sites provided data in the season following completion of the collaborative. Encounters included children younger than 24 months who were hospitalized for bronchiolitis without comorbid chronic illness, prematurity, or intensive care. Changes between baseline‐, intervention‐, and sustainability‐season data were assessed using generalized linear mixed‐effects models with site‐specific random effects. Differences between hospital characteristics, baseline performance, and initial improvement between sites that did and did not participate in the sustainability season were compared.RESULTSA total of 2275 discharges were reviewed, comprising 995 baseline, 877 intervention, and 403 sustainability‐season encounters. Improvements in all key bronchiolitis quality measures achieved during the intervention season were maintained during the sustainability season, and orders for intermittent pulse oximetry increased from 40.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.8‐61.1) to 79.2% (95% CI, 58.0‐91.3). Sites that did and did not participate in the sustainability season had similar characteristics.DISCUSSIONBQIP participating sites maintained improvements in key bronchiolitis quality measures for 1 year following the project's completion. This approach, which provided an evidence‐based best‐practice toolkit while building the quality‐improvement capacity of local interdisciplinary teams, may support performance gains that persist beyond the active phase of the collaborative.