bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Pleistocene climate change promoted divergence betweenPicea asperataandP. crassifoliaon the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau through recent bottlenecks
Authors: Bi Hao , Yue Wei , Wang Xi , Zou Jiabin , Li Lili , Liu Jianquan , Sun Yongshuai 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDivergence during the early stage of speciation can be driven by a population bottleneck via reduced gene flow and enhanced lineage sorting. In this study, we aimed to examine whether such bottlenecks occurred during the initial speciation of two closely related spruce speciesPicea asperataandP. crassifoliaoccurring on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). We analyzed sequences of three chloroplast, two mitochondrialDNAfragments and a further 13 nuclear loci from 216 individuals of the two species. Both species showed a low level of genetic diversity in contrast to other congeners occurring in theQTPand adjacent regions. The estimated population sizes ofP. asperataandP. crassifoliaare less than the ancestral population size before splitting. These results together with multiple statistical tests (Tajima'sD, Fu and Li'sD* andF*) suggest that these two species underwent recent bottlenecks. Based on approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), we also determined that the period of the population shrinkage was consistent with the interspecific divergence during the late Pleistocene. The reduced population sizes and the divergent selection may together have triggered the initial divergence under high gene flow between these two species. Our results therefore highlight the importance of climatic oscillations during the late Pleistocene in promoting speciation through changing demographic sizes of the ancestral species on theQTPand in adjacent regions.
New computerized staging method to analyze mink testicular tissue in environmental research
Authors: Fakhrzadeh Azadeh , Spörndly-Nees Ellinor , Ekstedt Elisabeth , Holm Lena , Luengo Hendriks Cris L. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Histopathology of testicular tissue is considered to be the most sensitive tool to detect adverse effects on male reproduction. When assessing tissue damage, seminiferous epithelium needs to be classified into different stages to detect certain cell damages; but stage identification is a demanding task. The authors present a method to identify the 12 stages in mink testicular tissue. The staging system uses Gata-4 immunohistochemistry to visualize acrosome development and proved to be both intraobserver-reproducible and interobserver-reproducible with a substantial agreement of 83.6% (kappa = 0.81) and 70.5% (kappa = 0.67), respectively. To further advance and objectify this method, they present a computerized staging system that identifies these 12 stages. This program has an agreement of 52.8% (kappa 0.47) with the consensus staging by 2 investigators. The authors propose a pooling of the stages into 5 groups based on morphology, stage transition, and toxicologically important endpoints. The computerized program then reached a substantial agreement of 76.7% (kappa = 0.69). The computerized staging tool uses local ternary patterns to describe the texture of the tubules and a support vector machine classifier to learn which textures correspond to which stages. The results have the potential to modernize the tedious staging process required in toxicological evaluation of testicular tissue, especially if combined with whole-slide imaging and automated tubular segmentation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:156–164. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Cognitive stimulation therapy in the Italian context: its efficacy in cognitive and non‐cognitive measures in older adults with dementia
Authors: Capotosto Emanuela , Belacchi Carmen , Gardini Simona , Faggian Silvia , Piras Federica , Mantoan Vanessa , Salvalaio Elisa , Pradelli Samantha , Borella Erika 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveCognitive stimulation therapy (CST) has been shown to have significant benefits in enhancing cognitive functioning and improving the quality of life of people with mild to moderate dementia. The present study examines the efficacy of the Italian version of the therapy (CST‐IT).MethodsOlder adults with mild to moderate dementia (n = 39) were randomly assigned to two programs: one group participated in the CST‐IT, consisting of 14 sessions (twice a week for 7 weeks) and the active control group took part in alternative general activities. The outcome measures were cognitive functioning (measured by the Mini‐Mental State Examination‐MMSE‐, the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment scale‐cognitive subscale, the backward digit span test, and a narrative language test); quality of life (Quality of life––Alzheimer's Disease scale); mood (Cornell scale for depression in dementia and the social and emotional loneliness scale); functional activities in daily living (Disability Assessment for Dementia); and behavior (neuropsychiatric inventory).ResultsAfter the intervention, only the CST‐IT group maintained its MMSE score, while the control group displayed deterioration. The CST‐IT group also performed better in some of the cognitive measures (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive subscale and narrative language), mood measures (Cornell scale, social and emotional loneliness scale with a decrease in reported loneliness), and the Quality of life––Alzheimer's Disease scale. No other treatment effect was observed.ConclusionsThe findings confirm the efficacy, at least in the short term, of the CST in sustaining cognitive functions and perceived quality of life in older adults with dementia in the Italian care setting as well.
Mapping the spatiotemporal dynamics of processing task‐relevant and task‐irrelevant sound feature changes using concurrent EEG‐fMRI
Authors: Puschmann Sebastian , Huster René J. , Thiel Christiane M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe cortical processing of changes in auditory input involves auditory sensory regions as well as different frontoparietal brain networks. The spatiotemporal dynamics of the activation spread across these networks has, however, not been investigated in detail so far. We here approached this issue using concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), providing us with simultaneous information on both the spatial and temporal patterns of change‐related activity. We applied an auditory stimulus categorization task with switching categorization rules, allowing to analyze change‐related responses as a function of the changing sound feature (pitch or duration) and the task relevance of the change. Our data show the successive progression of change‐related activity from regions involved in early change detection to the ventral and dorsal attention networks, and finally the central executive network. While early change detection was found to recruit feature‐specific networks involving auditory sensory but also frontal and parietal brain regions, the later spread of activity across the frontoparietal attention and executive networks was largely independent of the changing sound feature, suggesting the existence of a general feature‐independent processing pathway of change‐related information. Task relevance did not modulate early auditory sensory processing, but was mainly found to affect processing in frontal brain regions. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3400–3416, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative Computational Study of Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions of CY3H + XO− (X, Y = F, Cl, and Br)
Authors: Junxi Liang , Qiong Su , Dezhi Zhao , Yanbin Wang , Guihua Li , Zhiyuan Geng 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe effects of halogen substituents on the reactivity are characterized by the hybrid B3LYP and BHandHLYP functionals of density functional theory using the aug‐cc‐pVDZ basis set. The species XO− and CY3H, where X, Y = F, Cl, and Br, have been chosen as model reactants in this work. Also, the mechanism of the hydrogen abstraction (HAT) reaction has been used to study the chemical reactivity of these anionic reactions. Our theoretical findings suggest that the relative reactivity of the CY3H + XO− reactions increases as Y goes from F to Br and decreases as X goes from F to Br. Moreover, among all reactions investigated in this study, the special role of the Y has very dominant effect on activation of the C–H bond in CY3H when XO− attacks the CY3H. Again, through the transition state theory the rate constants at 298–1000 K are also evaluated for the HAT reactions, indicating the lower the temperature the faster is the chemical reaction.
A Simple and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolyl Isoxazoline Derivatives Using Hypervalent Iodine (III) Reagent
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Manoj , Prakash Om 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA series of novel pyrazolyl isoxazolines were synthesized by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of pyrazolyl nitrile oxide with various activated alkene, such as acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate, in the presence of iodobenzene diacetate in methanol containing a catalytic amount of TFA at room temperature (13 compounds upto 92% yield were isolated).
Adult Missing Persons: Can an Investigative Framework be Generated Using Behavioural Themes?
Authors: Bonny E. , Almond L. , Woolnough P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThere is a limited amount of research in the area of missing persons, especially adults. The aim of this research is to expand on the understanding of missing people, by examining adults' behaviours while missing and determining if distinct behavioural themes exist. Based on previous literature it was hypothesised that three behavioural themes will be present; dysfunctional, escape, and unintentional. Thirty‐six behaviours were coded from 362 missing person police reports and analysed using smallest space analysis (SSA). This produced a spatial representation of the behaviours, showing three distinct behavioural themes. Seventy percent of the adult missing person reports were classified under one dominant theme, 41% were ‘unintentional’, 18% were ‘dysfunctional’, and 11% were ‘escape’. The relationship between a missing person's dominant behavioural theme and their assigned risk level and demographic characteristics were also analysed. A significant association was found between the age, occupational status, whether they had any mental health issues, and the risk level assigned to the missing person; and their dominant behavioural theme. The findings are the first step in the development of a standardised checklist for a missing person investigation. This has implications on how practitioners prioritise missing adults, and interventions to prevent individuals from going missing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods for Soil Erosion Assessments: An Application in a Sloping Mediterranean Watershed, Cyprus
Authors: Djuma Hakan , Bruggeman Adriana , Camera Corrado , Zoumides Christos 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn arid and semi‐arid regions, water erosion is difficult to model because of highly irregular precipitation regimes and changes in vegetation cover. The application of quantitative, process‐based models at the catchment scale is often problematic because of large data requirements. Qualitative methods require less data and can be more easily performed in a relatively short time, but they are more subjective. The objective of this research is to develop an erosion assessment methodology that combines qualitative field surveys with quantitative model estimates. The qualitative World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) methodology is based on expert observations per mapping unit, while the Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (PESERA) model simulates hill slope soil loss based on land cover, soil texture, meteorological data and slope profile. This study was conducted in the 106·4‐km2 Peristerona watershed in Cyprus with a mean local slope higher than 40% in the mountainous upstream area and less than 8% in the plain. Out of 68 units, PESERA and WOCAT results were in agreement in 40 units, while PESERA results were lower in 25 and higher in 3 units. Both methods identified burnt areas and complex cultivation patterns as the most degraded. The total PESERA‐based sediment yield for the watershed was 1·2 Mg ha−1 y−1, which fell within the range of the sediment yield measured at the check‐dam downstream (0·2–2 Mg ha−1 y−1). This study provides a linkage between qualitative and quantitative soil erosion methods and helps to translate the outcomes of the former into the latter, thus providing a good tool for local erosion assessment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(1,3‐propylene sebacate) and Poly(sebacoyl diglyceride): A Pair of Potential Polymers for the Proliferation and Differentiation of Retinal Progenitor Cells
Authors: Ni Ni , Ji Jing , Chen Shuo , Zhang Dandan , Wang Zi , Shen Bingqiao , Guo Chunyu , Zhang Yi , Wang Shaofei , Fan Xianqun , You Zhengwei , Luo Min , Gu Ping 
Published: June 2016

Using suitable polymers as a carrier for growing and delivering retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy in retinal cell‐replacement therapy. Herein recently developed polymer, poly(sebacoyl diglyceride) (PSeD), is selected and its nonhydroxylized counterpart poly(1,3‐propylene sebacate) (PPS) is designed to evaluate their potentials for RPC growth and future RPC application. The structures and mechanical properties of the polymers are characterized. The cytocompatibility and effects of these polymers on RPC proliferation, differentiation, and migration are systematically investigated in vitro. Our data show that PPS and PSeD display excellent cytocompatibility with low expression of inflammation and apoptosis factors, which benefit RPC growth. In proliferation assays reveal that RPCs expands well on the polymers, but PPS performs the best for RPC expansion, indicating that PPS can remarkably promote RPC proliferation. In differentiation conditions, RPCs grown on PSeD are more likely to differentiate toward retinal neurons, including photoreceptors, the most interesting type of cells for retinal cell‐replacement therapy. Additionally, our results demonstrate that RPCs grown on PSeD display an outstanding ability to migrate. In conclusion, PPS can markedly promote RPC proliferation, whereas PSeD can enhance RPC differentiation toward retinal neurons, suggesting that PSeD and PPS have potential applications in future retinal cell‐replacement therapies.
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Simple Synthesis of Aldehyde and Carboxylic Acid Terminated Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Guastavino Javier F. , Vaillard Victoria A. , Cristaldi Mariano D. , Rossini Lorena , Vaillard Santiago E. 
Published: June 2016

mPEG‐aldehydes and activated mPEG‐carboxylic acids on which the polymer and the reactive functional group are separated by aliphatic chains of different lengths, are well known reagents of widespread application in PEGylation technology. The syntheses of these functional polymers are not easy and usually the preparation of each of these compounds requires a very specific set of reagents and experimental conditions. In fact, a general method for their preparation is, still nowadays, unavailable. In this work a simple synthetic method is developed for preparation of mPEG‐aldehydes and carboxylic acids with excellent yields. The key step of the method involves a substitution reaction of mPEG‐mesylate with mono‐alkoxides of symmetrical diols to afford hydroxyl‐terminated polymers, which are converted to the aldehydes and acids by mild oxidation reactions.
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The Effects of Impression Management on Coupon Redemption across Cultures
Authors: Kim Claire Heeryung , Yi Youjae 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis research examines the effects of impression management on consumers’ coupon redemption and suggests different underlying mechanisms with respect to cultural self‐construal. Four studies show that, when primed with impression management, individualistic (vs. collectivistic) consumers are more likely to redeem coupons, because individualists believe that coupon redemption creates the impression of being smart. On the other hand, collectivistic consumers are less likely to redeem coupons when coupon usage is visible to others, because they believe that coupon redemption gives the impression of being cheap. These findings are explained within the context of cultural self‐construal and regulatory focus theory.
Electro‐Optic Function of Liquid Crystal Displays Doped with Poly(γ‐cyclodextrin)‐Protected ZrO2/Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Shiraishi Yukihide , Watanabe Chiyomi , Sawai Hiroya , Asano Hitoshi , Toshima Naoki 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWe prepared poly (γ‐cyclodextrin)‐protected zirconia/gold (PγCyD‐ZrO2/Au) nanoparticles. Particles in colloidal dispersions of PγCyD‐ZrO2/Au nanoparticles have an average diameter of 3.1–4.6 nm. The nanoparticles were dispersed in practical liquid crystal (NTN01) to construct novel twisted nematic liquid crystal displays. The response time of this twisted nematic liquid crystal displays in the presence of PγCyD‐ZrO2/Au nanoparticles was faster than that in the absence of nanoparticles.
Versatility of pedicled anterolateral thigh flap in gynecologic reconstruction after vulvar cancer extirpative surgery
Authors: Gentileschi Stefano , Servillo Maria , Garganese Giorgia , Simona Fragomeni , Scambia Giovanni , Salgarello Marzia 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveAblative surgery for vulvar cancer can involve the resection of perineum, vagina, urethra, groins, mons pubis, and abdominal wall creating complex defects. In our opinion, ALT flap is an ideal flap for reconstruction, because of low incidence of complications, long pedicle outside the radiotherapy field, capability of carrying fascia and muscle, possibility of sensate reconstruction, and low donor site morbidity. The purpose of this report is to describe our experience with ALT flap for reconstruction after vulvar cancer extirpative surgery, discussing our indications for complex defects and focusing on its versatility.Patients and MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 15 cases of complex postoncologic gynecological wounds, reconstructed with 16 pedicled ALT flap, after vulvar cancer ablative surgery between 2014 and 2016. Age of the patients ranged from 44 to 77, with mean age of 62.6. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated.ResultsThe flap size ranged from 12 × 8 cm to 22 × 15 cm., in two cases we harvested vastus lateralis to fill the dead space after pelvic exenteration. In nine flaps, we could include only 1 perforator, in 7 we could use two, 5 were septocutaneous and 18 myocutaneous with a pedicle length ranging from9cm.to15cm.We had no flap necrosis.3 flaps showed dehiscence of a part of the wound that healed by dressings. In one case of obese patient the donor site showed partial wound edge necrosis, and required secondary grafting. During follow‐up that ranged from 1 month to 2 years, cancer relapsed locally in 5 patients. Global performance and specific pain improved after surgery.ConclusionALT flap should be included in the first line options for reconstructions of complex defects resulting from vulvar cancer surgery because of its reliability and versatility. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:516–524, 2017.
Statin use and the risk of developing diabetes: a network meta‐analysis
Authors: Thakker Divyesh , Nair Sunita , Pagada Amit , Jamdade Vinayak , Malik Anuradha 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeRandomized controlled trials have shown mixed findings regarding the association of statins and diabetes. This systematic literature review and network meta‐analysis (NMA) was performed to update evidence on this association to possibly assist clinicians in making more informed treatment choices.MethodsWe identified studies relevant to our NMA by performing study searches in databases like Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed, published between August 2010 and June 2014. Pre‐2010 studies were identified from bibliography of previously published meta‐analyses. Unpublished study data were found from clinicaltrial.gov. Data synthesis was performed by pairwise meta‐analysis and NMA within a Frequentist framework.ResultsTwenty nine trials in which 1 63 039 participants had been randomized were included in this review; among these 1 41 863 were non‐diabetic patients. The direct meta‐analysis showed that statins, as a class, significantly increased the likelihood of developing diabetes by 12% (pooled OR 1.12; 95%CI 1.05–1.21; I236%;p = 0.002; 18 RCTs). In the NMA, atorvastatin 80 mg was associated with a highest risk of diabetes, with OR of 1.34 (95%CI 1.14–1.57) followed by rosuvastatin (OR: 1.17; 95%CI: 1.02–1.35). The ORs (95%CIs) for simvastatin 80 mg, simvastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin and pitavastatin were 1.21 (0.99–1.49), 1.13 (0.99–1.29), 1.13 (0.94–1.34), 1.04 (0.93–1.16), 0.98 (0.69–1.38) and 0.74 (0.31–1.77), respectively. High‐dose atorvastatin increased the odds of developing diabetes even when compared with pravastatin, simvastatin and low‐dose atorvastatin in the NMA.ConclusionsBased on the results, statins, as a class, increased the risk of diabetes significantly in the pairwise meta‐analysis. Overall, there appears to be a small increased risk of incident diabetes, particularly with more intensive statin therapy, although more data would be valuable to increase the robustness of this interpretation, given that the lower confidence intervals of our study analyses are close to, or just crossing one. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of vertical distribution of thiophene‐based copolymers containing 4,7‐Dithien‐2‐yl‐benzo[C][1,2,5]thiadiazole and 3,6‐Dithien‐2‐yl‐pyrrolo[3,4‐C]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione as Side Groups for Photovoltaics
Authors: Choi Min‐Hee , Ho Lee Tae , Woon Han Yong , Kyung Moon Doo 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTFour new D—A type copolymers with 2D‐conjugated side‐chain identified PfToBT, PbToBT, PfTDPP and PbTDPP, containing two acceptors 4,7‐dithien‐2‐yl‐benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTBT), and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) linked by thiophene donors, are obtained using Pd‐catalyzed Stille‐coupling reaction. These polymers show a broad visible‐near‐infrared absorption band (Eg = 1.79–1.66 eV) and possess a relatively low‐lying HOMO level at −5.34 to −5.12 eV. All the polymer:PC70BM blend films showed edge‐on structure and have similar dπ‐spacing values. According to the structure of conjugated side‐chain, the vertical distributions of polymer chains and PC70BM within the BHJ (bulk heterojunction) were different. When DPP used as an acceptor, conjugated side chains of the polymer coexisted with PC70BM in same position. The BHJ film prepared from PfToBT, PbToBT had a discontinuous network between polymer and PC70BM, whereas films from PfTDPP and PbTDPP formed continuous and evenly distributed network between them. This optimized vertical morphology promotes hole transport along respective pathways of polymers and fullerenes in the vertical direction, leading to high JSC. PbTDPP shows PCE up to 2.9% (Jsc of 9.4 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.68 V, and FF of 0.44). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2746–2759