bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy in Non-Communicating Unicornuate Uterus: Diagnosis Difficulty and Outcomes – a Case Report
Authors: Souza Camila Silveira de , Dorneles Gabriela Gindri , Mendonça Giana Nunes , Santos Caroline Mombaque dos , Gallarreta Francisco Maximiliano Pancich , Konopka Cristine Kolling 
Published: October 2017

AbstractApproximately 1 in every 76,000 pregnancies develops within a unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn. Müllerian uterus anomalies are often asymptomatic, thus, the diagnosis is a challenge, and it is usually made during the gestation or due to its complications, such as uterine rupture, pregnancy-induced hypertension, antepartum, postpartum bleeding and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In order to avoid unnecessary cesarean sections and the risks they involve, the physicians should consider the several approaches and for how long it is feasible to perform labor induction in suspected cases of pregnancy in a unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn, despite the rarity of the anomaly. This report describes a case of a unicornuate uterus in which a pregnancy developed in the non-communicating rudimentary horn and the consequences of the delayed diagnosis.
FOXO1 opposition of CD8+T cell effector programming confers early memory properties and phenotypic diversity
Authors: Delpoux Arnaud , Lai Chen-Yen , Hedrick Stephen M. , Doedens Andrew L. 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceAcute infection with intracellular pathogen results in the expansion and effector differentiation of pathogen-specific CD8+T cells, most of which die after pathogen clearance. The factors and steps controlling CD8+T cell differentiation in response to acute infection are not fully understood. We find FOXO1 and TCF7 drive postinfection immune memory characteristics in cells expressing low TIM3, where TCF7 actively down-regulates the cytotoxic molecule GZMB and reduces terminally differentiated KLRG1higheffector abundance. We further report the creation of a continuum of CD8+T cell phenotypes, ranging from terminal effector cells to long-lived immune-memory cells, dependent on FOXO1 and TCF7. We conclude FOXO1 and TCF7 are essential to oppose cytotoxic/terminal differentiation programs and enable full phenotypic diversity of postinfection CD8+T cells.
A peptide extension dictates IgM assembly
Authors: Pasalic Dzana , Weber Benedikt , Giannone Chiara , Anelli Tiziana , Müller Roger , Fagioli Claudio , Felkl Manuel , John Christine , Mossuto Maria Francesca , Becker Christian F. W. , Sitia Roberto , Buchner Johannes 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceHow protein assemblies with complex topologies are formed is an important question in structural biology. An intriguing example is IgM, a complex of over 1,200 kDa consisting of six antibody subunits (or five in the presence of the J-chain protein). These are arranged in a ring-like structure connected by disulfide bonds. Here, we show that in vitro and in cell culture, a short peptide extension of the IgM heavy chain is sufficient to steer the formation of the hexameric complex. The formation of a disulfide bond triggers conformational changes in the peptide extensions, which involve specific hydrophobic residues. Our study reveals the redox-controlled assembly of a large protein complex via structural rearrangements in a peptide as a design principle.
Rapid evolution of hosts begets species diversity at the cost of intraspecific diversity
Authors: Frickel Jens , Theodosiou Loukas , Becks Lutz 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceThe interactions between ecological and evolutionary processes on the same timescale have been suggested as an important driver for the maintenance of diversity within populations. Nothing is, however, known about how this interaction alters coexistence of species and how coexistence, in return, affects diversity within populations. Here we report an experiment directly testing how and when eco-evolutionary dynamics alter coexistence of competing consumers (predator and parasite) and how coexistence, in return, changes diversity within the shared resource population. We found a switch from diversity at the within-population level to diversity at the species level. Stunningly, these dynamics were mostly driven by indirect interactions and effects that continued for many generations, even after the initial causal process had stopped.
Metamorphosis is induced by food absence rather than a critical weight in the solitary bee,Osmia lignaria
Authors: Helm Bryan R. , Rinehart Joseph P. , Yocum George D. , Greenlee Kendra J. , Bowsher Julia H. 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceIn this study, we characterize the developmental mechanisms shaping body size in the solitary bee pollinator,Osmia lignaria. This study manipulates larval development in a solitary bee to understand how developmental mechanisms shape adult body size. We based our approach on the insect body size model that postulates a critical weight is necessary for normal metamorphosis. However, our study identified food absence as a cue for metamorphosis in this species, rather than a “critical weight.” These data directly challenge the ubiquity of critical weights and offer insights about context dependency of metamorphic regulation. Developmental mechanisms shape size variation in solitary bees, which will have strong effects on their capabilities as pollinators.
Cell volume change through water efflux impacts cell stiffness and stem cell fate
Authors: Guo Ming , Pegoraro Adrian F. , Mao Angelo , Zhou Enhua H. , Arany Praveen R. , Han Yulong , Burnette Dylan T. , Jensen Mikkel H. , Kasza Karen E. , Moore Jeffrey R. , Mackintosh Frederick C. , Fredberg Jeffrey J. , Mooney David J. , Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer , Weitz David A. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Cell volume is thought to be a well-controlled cellular characteristic, increasing as a cell grows, while macromolecular density is maintained. We report that cell volume can also change in response to external physical cues, leading to water influx/efflux, which causes significant changes in subcellular macromolecular density. This is observed when cells spread out on a substrate: Cells reduce their volume and increase their molecular crowding due to an accompanying water efflux. Exploring this phenomenon further, we removed water from mesenchymal stem cells through osmotic pressure and found this was sufficient to alter their differentiation pathway. Based on these results, we suggest cells chart different differentiation and behavioral pathways by sensing/altering their cytoplasmic volume and density through changes in water influx/efflux.
Lipidomics reveals diurnal lipid oscillations in human skeletal muscle persisting in cellular myotubes cultured in vitro
Authors: Loizides-Mangold Ursula , Perrin Laurent , Vandereycken Bart , Betts James A. , Walhin Jean-Philippe , Templeman Iain , Chanon Stéphanie , Weger Benjamin D. , Durand Christine , Robert Maud , Paz Montoya Jonathan , Moniatte Marc , Karagounis Leonidas G. , Johnston Jonathan D. , Gachon Frédéric , Lefai Etienne , Riezman Howard , Dibner Charna 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Our experiments provide the analysis of lipid metabolite circadian oscillations in a cellular system synchronized in vitro, suggesting cell-autonomous diurnal changes in lipid profiles independent of feeding. Moreover, our work represents a comprehensive comparison between the lipid composition of human skeletal muscle derived from sedentary healthy adults, receiving hourly isocaloric solutions, and human primary skeletal myotubes cultured in vitro. A substantial number of lipid metabolites, in particular membrane lipids, exhibited oscillatory patterns in muscle tissue and in myotube cells, where they were blunted upon cell-autonomous clock disruption. As lipid oscillations in skeletal muscle membrane lipids may impact on insulin signaling and on the development of insulin resistance, studying the temporal lipid composition of human muscle is therefore of utmost importance.
Granulocyte-colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) signaling in spinal microglia drives visceral sensitization following colitis
Authors: Basso Lilian , Lapointe Tamia K. , Iftinca Mircea , Marsters Candace , Hollenberg Morley D. , Kurrasch Deborah M. , Altier Christophe 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceVisceral pain is a debilitating type of pain that afflicts adults and children. Major challenges exist in developing analgesics due to the limited understanding of the mechanisms that mediate visceral nociception. Using a model of colitis, we have identified the granulocyte-colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) as an essential mediator of central sensitization that leads to visceral hypersensitivity, even after the resolution of inflammation. We demonstrate that G-CSF acting on spinal microglia activates a signaling platform that causes hyperexcitability of sensory neurons. We found that ablating microglia or blocking the G-CSF receptor prevents visceral sensitization. Our work establishes a microglial signaling mechanism in the transition to chronic visceral pain and likely other forms of persistent pain associated with chronic inflammatory diseases.
Butyrylcholinesterase gene transfer in obese mice prevents postdieting body weight rebound by suppressing ghrelin signaling
Authors: Chen Vicky Ping , Gao Yang , Geng Liyi , Brimijoin Stephen 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Obesity is a major public health problem affecting physical and emotional well-being. Although lifestyle-based programs can help with weight loss, avoiding weight regain is nearly impossible because of persistent hormonal adaptations. Here, in mouse models, we explored a more effective strategy using viral gene transfer of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) to control the appetite-mediating hormone acyl-ghrelin. We found that a single injection of BChE vector led to a lifetime high enzyme expression and lower circulating acyl-ghrelin. This same treatment suppressed postdieting hyperphagia, corrected metabolic lesions, and lowered weight regain. This outcome confirms the impact of the BChE-ghrelin axis on body weight and indicates that BChE gene transfer could be a successful strategy for long-term control of obesity and the “metabolic syndrome.”
Chemical substitutions in the selectivity filter of potassium channels do not rule out constricted-like conformations for C-type inactivation
Authors: Li Jing , Ostmeyer Jared , Boulanger Eliot , Rui Huan , Perozo Eduardo , Roux Benoît 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceAfter opening in response to a specific stimulus, some potassium channels undergo C-type inactivation. Crystal structures of KcsA have revealed that the selectivity filter constricts under conditions associated with C-type inactivation. Functional studies based on semisynthetic KcsA channels with either D-ala77 or amide-to-ester backbone substitutions provide important observations arguing against the constricted conformation of the selectivity filter as the molecular basis of C-type inactivation. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations based on atomic models of the KcsA channel are performed to clarify the impact of these chemical modifications on the conformation of the selectivity filter. The results support the notion that the constricted conformation of the selectivity filter, indeed, corresponds to the functional C-type inactivated state of the KcsA channel.
Kinesin rotates unidirectionally and generates torque while walking on microtubules
Authors: Ramaiya Avin , Roy Basudev , Bugiel Michael , Schäffer Erik 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Given the importance of cytoskeletal motor proteins, we asked whether translational motors rotate while walking along their tracks. Using an optical tweezers-based approach, we simultaneously measured translation, force, rotation, and torque of a kinesin motor with molecular resolution. We found that the gait followed a rotary stepping mechanism that generates torque and spins cargo. Thus, during walking, the motor “tail (and organelle) will tend to wind up like the rubber band of a toy airplane,” as Joe Howard hypothesized in 1996. To determine the overall motor efficiency, our measurements also point to the importance of accounting for rotational work. Apart from other cytoskeletal motors, the technique may be applied to molecular machines such as DNA motors and rotary engines like the ATP synthase.
Miscoding-induced stalling of substrate translocation on the bacterial ribosome
Authors: Alejo Jose L. , Blanchard Scott C. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Using single-molecule FRET imaging, we show that programmed base-pair mismatches between the peptidyl-tRNA anticodon and the mRNA codon dramatically prolong elongation factor G (EF-G)–catalyzed translocation. Mismatched peptidyl-tRNA–mRNA pairing within the pretranslocation complex specifically inhibits peptidyl-tRNA engagement of the small subunit P site, a rate-limiting process in translocation characterized by large-scale, intramolecular conformational changes within the EF-G(GDP)–bound ribosome complex. Consistent with the E site being vacant during this period, we find that elongation factor P (EF-P) can rescue this translocation defect. These findings reveal an unexpected relationship between tRNA decoding at the A site and translocation, and suggest an alternative mode of action for miscoding-inducing drugs as well as a novel function of EF-P in the cell to rescue ribosomes stalled by miscoding errors.
Rewiring a Rab regulatory network reveals a possible inhibitory role for the vesicle tether, Uso1
Authors: Yuan Hua , Davis Saralin , Ferro-Novick Susan , Novick Peter 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Members of the Rab family act as molecular switches to control distinct stages of vesicular traffic into and out of a eukaryotic cell. Many Rabs are linked to the adjacent Rab by their regulators, generating circuits that direct transport along the pathway. We have rewired one such regulatory circuit by exploiting a chimeric Rab that acts early on the pathway but can be activated by a regulator that is situated late on the pathway. Expression of this chimeric Rab leads to a block late on the pathway. Our findings confirm the importance of Rabs in establishing membrane identity.
Systems-level identification of PKA-dependent signaling in epithelial cells
Authors: Isobe Kiyoshi , Jung Hyun Jun , Yang Chin-Rang , Claxton J’Neka , Sandoval Pablo , Burg Maurice B. , Raghuram Viswanathan , Knepper Mark A. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Maintenance of homeostasis is dependent on intercellular communication via secreted hormones that bind G protein-coupled receptors. Many of these receptors activate an enzyme called protein kinase A (PKA) that modifies cell function by covalently attaching phosphate groups to proteins. To comprehensively identify PKA substrates, we used genome editing (CRISPR-Cas9) to delete PKA from kidney epithelial cells followed by large-scale mass spectrometry to measure phosphorylation changes throughout the proteome; 229 PKA target sites were identified, many previously unrecognized. Surprisingly, PKA deletion caused seemingly paradoxical phosphorylation increases at many sites, indicating secondary activation of one or more mitogen-activated kinases. The data, coupled with transcriptomics and standard proteomics, identified a signaling network that explains the effects of PKA that regulate cellular functions.
Projections of white and black older adults without living kin in the United States, 2015 to 2060
Authors: Verdery Ashton M. , Margolis Rachel 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceFamily members provide the majority of social support for most older adults, but not all individuals have living family. Those without living close kin report higher rates of loneliness and experience elevated risks of chronic diseases and nursing facility placement. How the population of older adults without living family, the kinless population, will change in the coming decades merits consideration. Historical racial differences and recent variation in demographic rates imply unequal burdens of kinlessness for white and black Americans. By projecting the US population using demographic microsimulation, we find increases in lacking kin similar in magnitude to projected increases in other important population health burdens such as diabetes and Alzheimer’s dementia. Increasing kinlessness may represent a growing population health concern.
Super-swelled lyotropic single crystals
Authors: Kim Hojun , Song Ziyuan , Leal Cecilia 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Lipids self-assemble in water into diverse polycrystalline mesophases. The swelling capacity of these superstructures is finite, specific, and traditionally dictated by lipid composition. Bicontinuous cubic phases have tremendous potential in drug delivery and protein crystallization. However, limited swelling caps unit cells at dimensions too small to encapsulate many drugs and most proteins. In this work, we discovered that bicontinuous cubic phase swelling is not solely determined by lipid composition. Self-assembly conditions yield stable unit cell sizes fourfold larger than usual. Unexpectedly, these conditions also dictate mesophase ordering resulting in X-ray and electron microscopy diffraction patterns that do not conform to polycrystallinity. Instead, macroscale super-swelled single crystals are encountered. This discovery highlights insights in understanding swelling and ordering of self-assembled materials.
Assortative mating and persistent reproductive isolation in hybrids
Authors: Schumer Molly , Powell Daniel L. , Delclós Pablo J. , Squire Mattie , Cui Rongfeng , Andolfatto Peter , Rosenthal Gil G. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Understanding the processes that generate or breakdown reproductive isolation between species is essential to understanding evolution. Assortative mating mediates reproductive isolation between species, but its dynamics in natural populations are poorly understood. Here we show that strong assortative mating maintains reproductive isolation in a natural hybrid population following an initial breakdown when the hybrid population formed, and strongly shaped the genetic structure of this population over ∼25 generations. Intriguingly, although in the wild these mate preferences result in nearly 100% of matings occurring between similar genotypes, this barrier breaks down in the laboratory. Our results highlight the importance of assortative mating in shaping hybrid population evolution and imply that short-term breakdown in assortative mating can have long-term evolutionary consequences.
Cannabidiol attenuates seizures and social deficits in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome
Authors: Kaplan Joshua S. , Stella Nephi , Catterall William A. , Westenbroek Ruth E. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Medicinal cannabis use is booming despite limited preclinical evidence and mechanistic insight. Recent clinical trials of cannabidiol (CBD) in Dravet syndrome (DS) support its clinical efficacy for reduction of seizure frequency and invite study of its benefits for additional DS symptoms. We demonstrate here that treatment with CBD is beneficial for seizure frequency, duration, and severity and for autistic-like social deficits in a mouse model of DS. CBD rescue of DS symptoms is associated with increased inhibitory neurotransmission, potentially mediated by antagonism of the lipid-activated G protein-coupled receptor GPR55. These studies lend critical support for treatment of seizures in DS with CBD, extend the scope of CBD treatment to autistic-like behaviors, and provide initial mechanistic insights into CBD’s therapeutic actions.
Resistin-like molecule β is a bactericidal protein that promotes spatial segregation of the microbiota and the colonic epithelium
Authors: Propheter Daniel C. , Chara Andrew L. , Harris Tamia A. , Ruhn Kelly A. , Hooper Lora V. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract is home to diverse communities of bacteria that contribute to the metabolic health of their hosts. The epithelial lining of the intestine produces a diverse repertoire of antimicrobial proteins that limit the ability of these microorganisms to enter host tissues and cause disease. We have discovered that resistin-like molecule β (RELMβ) is a previously unknown member of the intestine's antibacterial arsenal. RELMβ is secreted from the intestinal surface and kills Gram-negative bacteria by damaging their membranes, thereby preventing these bacteria from coming into close contact with host tissues. Our findings reveal a new family of endogenous antibiotic proteins and contribute to the understanding of how mammals maintain mutually beneficial relationships with complex communities of intestinal bacteria.
Cytoplasmic MTOCs control spindle orientation for asymmetric cell division in plants
Authors: Kosetsu Ken , Murata Takashi , Yamada Moé , Nishina Momoko , Boruc Joanna , Hasebe Mitsuyasu , Van Damme Daniël , Goshima Gohta 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceCell division axis orientation is critical for differentiation and morphogenesis. In animal cells, centrosome-driven mitotic spindle orientation is key to orient cell divisions. However, in naturally acentrosomal plants, the mechanism underlying spindle orientation is poorly understood. Using two model systems, asymmetrically dividing cells in the mossPhyscomitrella patensand tobacco tissue culture cells, we identified de novo assembled microtubule organizing centers during mitotic prophase as a common critical mechanism for spindle orientation. Disruption of these microtubule organizing centers caused misoriented spindles and cell plates. The “phragmoplast guidance” mechanism, which directs cell plate orientation, could not fully restore initial spindle orientation defects. Thus, this study identifies spindle orientation as a conserved factor in land plants to assist division plane orientation.
Interpreting and mediation
Authors: Morelli Mara 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Starting from teaching conference interpreting in the nineties, the author moved to teaching dialogue interpreting (DI) at the beginning of the new millennium. This paper reflects on the continuities between teaching in DI and mediation, describing the organisation of the Spanish-Italian interpreting modules at the University of Genoa, and of training courses for mediators outside the university context. It also discusses the hybrid nature of DI and translation in a specific education experience, and the potential development of a teaching programme combining translation, interpreting, and mediation. This paper is not meant to draw conclusions, but to inspire reflections which can pave the way to future experiments and the creation of teaching material.