bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health information sources for different types of information used by Chinese patients with cancer and their family caregivers
Authors: Xie Bo , Su Zhaohui , Liu Yihao , Wang Mo , Zhang Ming 
Published: September 2016

AbstractContextLittle is known about the information sources of Chinese patients with cancer and their family caregivers, yet this knowledge is critical for providing patient‐centred care.ObjectiveTo assess and compare the information sources used by Chinese patients with cancer and their family caregivers.DesignThe validated Health Information Wants Questionnaire (HIWQ) was translated and administered in March 2014.SettingThe oncology department of a general hospital in south‐west China.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 198 individuals, including 79 patients with cancer (mean age=55.24, SD=13.80) and 119 family caregivers (mean age=46.83, SD=14.61).Main outcome measuresRatings on the HIWQ items assessing information sources for different types of information.ResultsThe interaction between information source and group was significant (F3,576=6.32, P<.01). Caregivers obtained more information than patients from the Internet. Caregivers and patients did not differ in the amount of information they obtained from doctors/nurses, interpersonal contacts or mass media. The interaction between information type and information source was significant (F18,3456=6.38, P<.01). Participants obtained more information of all types from doctors/nurses than from the other three sources and obtained more information from interpersonal contacts than from mass media or the Internet.ConclusionsThe information sources of Chinese patients with cancer and their family caregivers were similar, with an important difference that caregivers obtained more online information than patients. These findings have important implications for patient care and education in China where the family typically plays a major role in the care and decision making.
Developing countries and systemic pension reforms: Reflections on some emerging problems
Authors: Wang Xinmei , Williamson John B. , Cansoy Mehmet 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSince 1981 close to forty countries have introduced systemic pension reforms that have replaced all or part of prior pay‐as‐you‐go (PAYG) schemes with privately managed funded defined contribution (FDC) pillars or systems. However, over the past decade about half of these countries have subsequently cutback on, or entirely eliminated, these FDC schemes. In this article we explore some of the reasons why this reversal is often taking place in developing countries. As part of our analysis we propose a new pension reform typology that goes beyond the commonly used dichotomy between PAYG and pension privatization. We identify and discuss four factors that are of particular relevance to those seeking to understand the pension policy reversals that have been taking place in many developing countries: low pension coverage and incentive incompatibility, triple burden costs, tradeoffs between pension reforms and social pensions, and difficulties with annuitization.
Leadership and emotional intelligence in nursing and midwifery education and practice: a discussion paper
Authors: Carragher Jean , Gormley Kevin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimA discussion of the concepts of leadership and emotional intelligence in nursing and midwifery education and practice.BackgroundThe need for emotionally intelligent leadership in the health professions is acknowledged internationally throughout the nursing and midwifery literature. The concepts of emotional intelligence and emotional‐social intelligence have emerged as important factors for effective leadership in the healthcare professions and require further exploration and discussion. This paper will explore these concepts and discuss their importance in the healthcare setting with reference to current practices in the UK, Ireland and internationally.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesA search of published evidence from 1990–2015 using key words (as outlined below) was undertaken from which relevant sources were selected to build an informed discussion.Implications for nursing/midwiferyFostering emotionally intelligent leadership in nursing and midwifery supports the provision of high quality and compassionate care. Globally, leadership has important implications for all stakeholders in the healthcare professions with responsibility for maintaining high standards of care. This includes all grades of nurses and midwives, students entering the professions, managerial staff, academics and policy makers.ConclusionThis paper discusses the conceptual models of leadership and emotional intelligence and demonstrates an important link between the two. Further robust studies are required for ongoing evaluation of the different models of emotional intelligence and their link with effective leadership behaviour in the healthcare field internationally. This is of particular significance for professional undergraduate education to promote ongoing compassionate, safe and high quality standards of care.
Synaptopathies: synaptic dysfunction in neurological disorders – A review written by students for students, and a story of success for ISN schools
Authors: Schulz Jörg B. , Hausmann Laura 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOne of the major endeavors of the International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) is the promotion and support of young researchers, for instance at ‘schools’ that offer young students an opportunity to closely interact with renowned researchers as well as with each other. As a result of the 13th International Society for Neurochemistry Advanced School on ‘Synapses’ held in Mission Beach, Australia, prior to the Biennial Meeting of the International Society for Neurochemistry in August 2016 in Cairns, we are pleased to publish this comprehensive Review article, written from students for students.Read the highlighted article ‘Synaptopathies: synaptic dysfunction in neurological disorders – A review from students to students’ on page 785.
The Rural PILL Program: A Postdischarge Telepharmacy Intervention for Rural Veterans
Authors: Rebello Katherine E. , Gosian Jeffrey , Salow Marci , Sweeney Pamela , Rudolph James L. , Driver Jane A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of the Rural Pharmacological Intervention in Late Life (PILL) program, a quality improvement initiative in which a Boston‐based pharmacist provided postdischarge telepharmacy care to veterans from rural Maine.MethodsUsing an automated screening tool, we identified 100 veterans aged 65 and older who had an acute care admission to VA medical centers in Boston or Maine and were at risk of problems with medication management. The PILL pharmacist called patients the week after hospital discharge to reconcile medications, assess adherence, and identify potentially inappropriate drugs. The pharmacist worked with each veteran's family and providers to resolve problems and increase support. To determine whether the intervention decreased acute care admissions, rehospitalizations, or deaths, we matched 1 unique control to each PILL patient by age, hospital location, length of stay, admitting service, and reason for admission. Logistic regression was performed to determine the OR and 95% CI of the outcomes.ResultsPatients were discharged on an average of 16 medications and with 4.4 medication changes. Overall, 61% of patients had clerical errors in the discharge summary, and potential clinical concerns were identified in over 75%. Veterans who received the intervention were 70% less likely than controls to have an acute care visit at 30 days postdischarge (7 vs 20 patients; OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12‐0.75). There was no difference in rates of hospital readmission or mortality.ConclusionThis pharmacist‐led phone‐based program was effective in decreasing acute care utilization within 30 days after hospital discharge.
A combination of different diagnostic tools allows identification of inactive hepatitis B virus carriers at a single time point evaluation
Authors: Maimone Sergio , Caccamo Gaia , Squadrito Giovanni , Alibrandi Angela , Saffioti Francesca , Spinella Rosaria , Raffa Giuseppina , Pollicino Teresa , Raimondo Giovanni 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsSerial evaluation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and aminotransferase values is required for identification of inactive HBV carriers (ICs). Recently, HBV surface antigen quantification (qHBsAg) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) have been proposed as diagnostic tools in chronic HBV infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of HBV DNA quantification, qHBsAg and LSM in diagnosing ICs at a single time point.MethodsFifty‐seven previously characterized ICs and 90 untreated HBsAg‐/anti‐HBe‐positive patients [49 chronic hepatitis (CH), 41 cirrhosis] were enrolled. HBV DNA ≤2000 IU/mL, LSM ≤6.2 kPa and qHBsAg ≤1000 IU/mL were used as cut‐offs to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy (DA).ResultsCombined HBV DNA quantification and qHBsAg correctly identified 30/57 (52.6%) ICs showing 94% sensitivity, 96% specificity, 98% PPV, 87% NPV and 95% DA. HBV DNA coupled with LSM identified 40/57 (70.2%) ICs showing 97% sensitivity, 97% specificity, 98% PPV, 95% NPV and 97% DA. Combined LSM and qHBsAg identified 33/57 (57.9%) ICs showing 95% sensitivity, 78% specificity, 89% PPV, 89% NPV and 89% DA. The evaluation of the three parameters altogether allowed the identification of 23/57 (40.3%) ICs showing 100% specificity, 96% sensitivity, 100% PPV, 92% NPV and 97% DA. Similar results were obtained when either CH or cirrhotic patients were excluded from the analysis.ConclusionsCombined evaluation of HBV DNA amount with LSM and/or qHBsAg is a highly reliable tool allowing the identification of a considerable number of HBV ICs at a single time point evaluation.
Structural impact on gendered expectations and exemptions for family caregivers in hospice palliative home care
Authors: Sutherland Nisha , Ward‐Griffin Catherine , McWilliam Carol , Stajduhar Kelli 
Published: September 2016

Evidence of gender differences in the amount and type of care provided by family caregivers in hospice palliative home care suggests potential inequities in health and health care experiences. As part of a larger critical ethnographic study examining gender relations among clients with cancer, their family caregivers and primary nurses, this article describes gendered expectations and exemptions for family caregivers within the sociopolitical context of end‐of‐life at home. Data were collected from in‐depth interviews (n = 25), observations of agency home care visits (n = 9) and analyses of policy and home care agency documents (n = 12). Employing a critical feminist lens, a gender‐based analysis revealed that structural discourses emphasizing an artificial divide between public and private spheres constructed end‐of‐life at home as private and apolitical. Associated with care of home and family, women were most impacted by these public/private discourses underpinning neoliberal values of cost‐efficiency. Findings suggest that a critical perspective is needed to assist policy makers and healthcare providers to view how caregiver experiences are shaped by structures that control the availability of resources. Thus, instead of focusing on caregivers' deficits, interventions should be directed at the social, political and economic conditions that shape gendered experiences.
The role of nutrients, productivity and climate in determining tree fruit production in European forests
Authors: Fernández‐Martínez Marcos , Vicca Sara , Janssens Ivan A. , Espelta Josep Maria , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Fruit production (NPPf), the amount of photosynthates allocated to reproduction (%GPPf) and their controls for spatial and species‐specific variability (e.g. nutrient availability, climate) have been poorly studied in forest ecosystems. We characterized fruit production and its temporal behaviour for several tree species and resolved the effects of gross primary production (GPP), climate and foliar nutrient concentrations.

We used data for litterfall and foliar nutrient concentration from 126 European forests and related them to climatic data. GPP was estimated for each forest using a regression model.

Mean NPPf ranged from c. 10 to 40 g C m−2 yr−1 and accounted for 0.5–3% of GPP. Forests with higher GPPs produced larger fruit crops. Foliar zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were associated positively with NPPf, whereas foliar Zn and potassium (K) were negatively related to its temporal variability. Maximum NPPf and interannual variability of NPPf were higher in Fagaceae than in Pinaceae species.

NPPf and %GPPf were similar amongst the studied species despite the different reproductive temporal behaviour of Fagaceae and Pinaceae species. We report that foliar concentrations of P and Zn are associated with %GPPf, NPPf and its temporal behaviour.
Antagonistic Effects of Endogenous Nitric Oxide in a Glioblastoma Photodynamic Therapy Model
Authors: Fahey Jonathan M. , Emmer Joseph V. , Korytowski Witold , Hogg Neil , Girotti Albert W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGliomas are aggressive brain tumors that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Much of this resistance is attributed to endogenous nitric oxide (NO). Recent studies revealed that 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA)‐based photodynamic therapy (PDT) has advantages over conventional treatments for glioblastoma. In this study, we used an in vitro model to assess whether NO from glioblastoma cells can interfere with ALA‐PDT. Human U87 and U251 cells expressed significant basal levels of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) and its inducible counterpart (iNOS). After an ALA/light challenge, iNOS level increased three‐ to fourfold over 24 h, whereas nNOS remained unchanged. Elevated iNOS resulted in a large increase in intracellular NO. Extent of ALA/light‐induced apoptosis increased substantially when an iNOS inhibitor or NO scavenger was present, implying that iNOS/NO was acting cytoprotectively. Moreover, cells surviving a photochallenge exhibited a striking increase in proliferation, migration and invasion rates, iNOS/NO again playing a dominant role. Also observed was a large iNOS/NO‐dependent increase in matrix metalloproteinase‐9 activity, decrease in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 expression and increase in survivin and S100A4 expression, each effect being consistent with accelerated migration/invasion as a prelude to metastasis. Our findings suggest introduction of iNOS inhibitors as pharmacologic adjuvants for glioblastoma PDT.
Retrospective comparison of postoperative infection and bone union between late and immediate intramedullary nailing of Gustilo grades I, II, and IIIA open tibial shaft fractures
Authors: Uchiyama Yoshiyasu , Kobayashi Yuka , Ebihara Gro , Hamahashi Kosuke , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundThe optimal method of skeletal stabilization is still controversial. Therefore, we examined the clinical outcomes associated with late (L) versus immediate intramedullary nailing (IMN).MethodsThis was a retrospective comparative study of trauma registry data from an emergency medical care center (university hospital). We examined 85 open tibial shaft fractures (85 patients) treated with L or immediate (I) IMN from January 2004 to December 2010. The L and I groups comprised 37 (33 men, 4 women) and 48 (44 men, 4 women) patients, respectively. The postoperative infection rate, time to bone union, and delayed union/non-union were evaluated.ResultsThe mean ages at the time of trauma in the L and I groups were 41.8 (18–79) and 42.0 (18–71) years, respectively; the mean follow-up periods were 15.0 (6–39) and 18.3 (8–36) months, respectively. A higher rate of postoperative infection was found in the L group than in the I group (p=0.004). Superficial/deep infection developed at a higher rate in the L group than in the I group (p=0.042 and 0.045, respectively). Among patients with Gustilo grade IIIA fractures, postoperative infection occurred at a higher rate in the L group than in the I group (p=0.008). However, the delayed union rate, non-union rate, and time to bone union were not significantly different between the groups.ConclusionsGustilo grade IIIA fractures had a high infection rate, which is likely due to various factors, including pin-site infection after external fixation. We think that I IMN is safer than L IMN, and it should be the treatment of choice.Level of evidenceRetrospective comparative study, level III.
750 GeV diphoton resonance in a vector-like extension of Hill model at a 100 TeV hadron collider
Authors: Liu Ning , Wang Wenyu , Zhang Mengchao , Zheng Rui 
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we study the recent 750 GeV diphoton excess in the Hill model with vector-like fermions. The singlet-like Hill boson is chosen as the 750 GeV diphoton resonance. Such a scalar is mainly produced by gluon fusion via vector-like top and bottom quark loops and decays to diphoton via the vector-like quark and lepton loops. Under the current experimental and theoretical constraints, we find that the mixing angle of the singlet and doublet Higgs bosons lies within [Formula: see text] and the 750 GeV diphoton cross-section can be maximally enhanced to about 6 fb at 13 TeV LHC. Moreover, we find that the Hill boson pair production in [Formula: see text] channel can be probed at [Formula: see text] significance if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at a 100 TeV collider with 3000 fb[Formula: see text] luminosity.
NRBP2 Overexpression Increases the Chemosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Akt Signaling
Authors: Zhang Lixing , Ge Chao , Zhao Fangyu , Zhang Yang , Wang Xin , Yao Ming , Li Jinjun 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is highly resistant to chemotherapy. Research data supported that cancer stem cells (CSC) may be responsible for the chemoresistance and strategies that suppress CSCs stemness could also inhibit the drug resistance. In this study, we found that nuclear receptor binding protein 2 (NRBP2) expression was downregulated in the CD133+ hepatocellular carcinoma CSCs. Most adjacent noncancerous liver tissue analyzed expressed higher level of NRBP2 compared with cancerous tissue in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, and high NRBP2 expression indicated a better prognosis. Real-time PCR results showed that NRBP2 negatively correlated with stemness-related genes, including Oct3/4, Nanog, Notch1, Ep300, and CD133 mRNA expression. High NRBP2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells downregulated CK19 protein expression, inhibited tumorsphere formation, and tumorigenesis ability, indicating that high NRBP2 expression restrains the hepatocellular carcinoma cell stemness. Overexpression of NRBP2 reduced the IC50 of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and NRBP2 expression was negatively correlated with hepatocellular carcinoma cell resistance to the chemotherapy agents, including cisplatin and the Akt signaling inhibitor perifosine. Coimmunoprecipitation results showed that NRBP2 could bind with Annexin A2 (ANXA2) and inhibit ANXA2 expression. Coexpression of ANXA2 restored the chemoresistant ability in NRBP2-overexpressing hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Further analysis showed that NRBP2 downregulated Akt and its downstream signaling target Bad phosphorylation level. ANXA2 coexpression partially restored the Akt phosphorylation. Analysis of the expression of Bcl2 family proteins showed that NRBP2 may increase hepatocellular carcinoma cell chemosensitivity by regulating expression of survival proteins involved in the Akt and Bcl2 pathway. These results suggest that NRBP2 plays an important role in the tumor progression and chemotherapeutic resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res; 76(23); 7059–71. ©2016 AACR.
Tn-MUC1 DC Vaccination of Rhesus Macaques and a Phase I/II Trial in Patients with Nonmetastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Scheid Elizabeth , Major Pierre , Bergeron Alain , Finn Olivera J. , Salter Russell D. , Eady Robin , Yassine-Diab Bader , Favre David , Peretz Yoav , Landry Claire , Hotte Sebastien , Mukherjee Som D. , Dekaban Gregory A. , Fink Corby , Foster Paula J. , Gaudet Jeffery , Gariepy Jean , Sekaly Rafick-Pierre , Lacombe Louis , Fradet Yves , Foley Ronan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMUC1 is a glycoprotein expressed on the apical surface of ductal epithelial cells. Malignant transformation results in loss of polarization and overexpression of hypoglycosylated MUC1 carrying truncated carbohydrates known as T or Tn tumor antigens. Tumor MUC1 bearing Tn carbohydrates (Tn-MUC1) represent a potential target for immunotherapy. We evaluated the Tn-MUC1 glycopeptide in a human phase I/II clinical trial for safety that followed a preclinical study of different glycosylation forms of MUC1 in rhesus macaques, whose MUC1 is highly homologous to human MUC1. Either unglycosylated rhesus macaque MUC1 peptide (rmMUC1) or Tn-rmMUC1 glycopeptide was mixed with an adjuvant or loaded on autologous dendritic cells (DC), and responses were compared. Unglycosylated rmMUC1 peptide induced negligible humoral or cellular responses compared with the Tn-rmMUC1 glycopeptide. Tn-rmMUC1 loaded on DCs induced the highest anti-rmMUC1 T-cell responses and no clinical toxicity. In the phase I/II clinical study, 17 patients with nonmetastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) were tested with a Tn-MUC1 glycopeptide-DC vaccine. Patients were treated with multiple intradermal and intranodal doses of autologous DCs, which were loaded with the Tn-MUC1 glycopeptide (and KLH as a positive control for immune reactivity). PSA doubling time (PSADT) improved significantly in 11 of 16 evaluable patients (P = 0.037). Immune response analyses detected significant Tn-MUC1–specific CD4+ and/or CD8+ T-cell intracellular cytokine responses in 5 out of 7 patients evaluated. In conclusion, vaccination with Tn-MUC1–loaded DCs in nmCRPC patients appears to be safe, able to induce significant T-cell responses, and have biological activity as measured by the increase in PSADT following vaccination. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(10); 881–92. ©2016 AACR.