bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflicting Interpretations in the Biography of a Modern Artist of African Descent
Authors: Ottenberg Simon 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The author explores the uncertain history of the modern artist Suzanna Ogunjami Wilson, whose birth and death details are uncertain. She acquired a bachelor’s and a master’s in art education in 1928 and 1929, respectively, from Teacher’s College, Columbia University, and from 1928 to 1934 she exhibited in the eastern United States, often with African Americans. If born in Nigeria of Igbo parentage, as all published accounts to the present attest, she would be the first African to exhibit modern art in the United States. If born in Jamaica, as U.S. Census records suggest, she would be the first Jamaican to do so. No actual birth records are available from either country. The author follows her marriage to a Sierra Leone Krio in New York City and their movement to that country, where she was the first person of African descent to exhibit modern art, and where she founded two children’s art schools. Regardless of her birthplace, her remarkable record is important to African and African-American art historians and other scholars.
Of Kola Nuts, Taboos, Leadership, Women’s Rights, and Freedom: New Challenges from Chinua Achebe’s There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra
Authors: Amadiume Ifi 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Focusing on traditional ritual items and objects of power with a practice of gender exclusion, marginalization, and oppression of categories of women in Igbo societies, this article argues that such practices are rights issues and consequently a challenge to contemporary women. This insight derives from Chinua Achebe’s 2012 autobiography in which he seems to suggest that there are matters still outstanding in the fight for women’s liberation. Given imperialist circumstances in the social history of Igbo encounters with a hegemonic colonialism and Christian mission impositions, I argue a need for the use of internal logic to examine traditional practices of gender and to argue from within. In the face of what I refer to as empty spaces, or knowledge gaps, interdisciplinarity becomes a useful analytical tool, while oral traditions and the richness of an indigenous library of knowledge systems in sayings and proverbs can provide an invaluable comparative resource. Invariably, in spite of internal contradictions in Igbo traditional practices of gender empowerment and sociocultural pragmatism, achievements in women’s rights and freedom are not attributable to the postcolonial or simply the “modern,” as there remain deep and continuous traditional histories at play in these encounters.
Measuring multiple neuromuscular activation using EMG – a generalizability analysis
Authors: Pourmoghaddam Amir , Dettmer Marius , O’Connor Daniel P. , Paloski William H. , Layne Charles S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAnalysis of electromyography (EMG) data has been shown to be valuable in biomedical and clinical research. However, most analysis tools do not consider the non-linearity of EMG data or the synergistic effects of multiple neuromuscular activities. The SYNERGOS algorithm was developed to assess a single index based on non-linear analysis of multiple neuromuscular activation (MNA) of different muscles. This index has shown promising results in Parkinsonian gait, but it was yet to be explored whether the SYNERGOS index is generalizable. In this study, we evaluated generalizability of the SYNERGOS index over the course of several trials and over separate days with different walking speeds. Ten healthy adults aged from 18 to 40 years walked on a treadmill on two different days, while EMG data was collected from the upper and lower right leg. SYNERGOS indices were obtained and a generalizability analysis was conducted. The algorithm detected changes in MNA in response to altering gait speed and depicted a high generalizability coefficient (
Monsoonal Droughts In India – A Recent Assessment
Authors: Tyalagadi Manjunatha S. , Gadgil Alaka , Krishnakumar Gaddam 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDrought frequencies during the years 1901–2010 were investigated over three spatial units – All India, 5 Homogeneous Regions (HR) and 36 Meteorological subdivisions (MSs). The All-India rainfall trend is in fact indicative of no trend, while the Northeast HR (NER) shows a significant decrease. Furthermore, a significant decrease in rainfallis to be observed over Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and the Southern Peninsular region, and a significant increase over West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana, Coastal Karnataka, North Interior Karnataka and Rayalaseema.There have been 21 All-India drought years during the last century, of which 13 were linked to El Niño. When compared with HRs, the WCR is highly prone to El Niño while the NER is not affected by this global tele-connection. Western Uttar Pradesh, Eastern Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Vidharbha and Telangana shared 11–10 drought occasions with El Niño.Maximum frequencies of droughts (21) were reported for East Madhya Pradesh within the WCR and Orissa within the Central Northeast Region (CNER), while Andaman, Nicobar and Rayalaseema experienced minimum drought episodes (12) over the last century.Sixty percent of the MSs in the West Central Region (WCR) and the Northwest Region (NWR) were coherent with All-India droughts. During the years 1918, 1972 and 2002, the majority of HRs (except NER) witnessed normal or below-normal rainfall. Western Madhya Pradesh within the WCR saw maximum drought events (13). The highest degree of simultaneous occurrence of drought years between the MSs and all-India concern Eastern Rajasthan, Western Madhya Pradesh, East and West Uttar Pradesh. The study also found that the MSs in HRs highly affected are East Rajasthan (NWR), West Madhya Pradesh (WCR), West and East Uttar Pradesh (CNER), NER and Coastal Karnataka (Peninsular Region). Western Uttar Pradesh, Eastern Rajasthan, Vidarbha and Telangana had 10–11 occasions when El Niño and Drought years occurred.
Optimization, Validation and Application of UV-Vis Spectrophotometric-Colorimetric Methods for Determination of Trimethoprim in Different Medicinal Products
Authors: Stojković Goran , Dimitrieska-Stojković Elizabeta , Soklevska Marija , Velev Romel 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Two simple, sensitive, selective, precise, and accurate methods for determination of trimethoprim in different sulfonamide formulations intended for use in human and veterinary medicine were optimized and validated. The methods are based on the trimethoprim reaction with bromcresol green (BCG) and 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB). As extraction solvents we used 10 % N,N-dimethylacetamide in methanol and acetone for both methods, respectively. The colored products are quantified applying visible spectrophotometry at their corresponding absorption maxima. The methods were validated for linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. We tested the method applicability on four different medicinal products in tablet and powder forms containing sulfametrole and sulfamethoxazole in combination with trimethoprim. The results revealed that both methods are equally accurate with recoveries within the range 95-105 %. The obtained between-day precision for both methods, when applied on four different medicinal products, was within in the range 1.08-3.20 %. By applying the F-statistical test (P<0.05), it was concluded that for three medicinal products tested both methods are applicable with statistically insignificant difference in precision. The optimized and validated BCG and DNFB methods could find application in routine quality control of trimethoprim in various formulation forms, at different concentration levels, and in combination with different sulfonamides.
An Etymological Proposition: Old Germanic Gōd-Spōd ‘Good Fortune’ As Source Of Old Church Slavonic Gospodь ‘Lord, Master’
Authors: Poruciuc Adrian , Poruciuc Norbert 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A thorough checking of the data provided by three etymological dictionaries, namely Georgiev et al. 1971 (s.v. gospod), Vasmer 1986 (s.v. gospod’) and Derksen 2008 (s.v. *gospodь), would be enough to raise serious doubts about the application of the label “inherited” to *gospodь and its large Slavic family. Vasmer (1986, s.v. Russian gospod’ ‘the Lord, God’), states that the putative origin of the Russian word under discussion is a Proto-Slavic compound *gostьpodь; but it is also Vasmer who mentions that some outstanding linguists (including Antoine Meillet) objected to the mainstream etymological interpretation of gospod’. More recently, Derksen has stated that there is “no convincing explanation” for at least one element of the Proto-Slavic reconstruction *gospodь. By starting from such doubts and uncertainties, the authors of the present article will propound an etymology according to which *gospodъ and its derivatives – to be found in Slavic languages as well as in Romanian – actually reflect a very early borrowing of the Old Germanic compound which is still visible in English godspeed.
Suceava On Camera: The County Council And Local Self-Identification In 21st Century Romania
Authors: Colăcel Onoriu 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In post-communist Romania, regional self-identification has undergone significant change. Particularly, a paradigm shift occurred in relation to 20th century Romanian historiography (I have in mind the national communist as well as inter-war historic narratives). The literature and the promotional films of Suceava County Council (i.e., the local government branch) are a case in point. They are designed to advertise tourism products in travel marts and various media outlets. Next to the story of a multi-faith/ethnic community, particular images and symbols are employed in order to craft the public identity of the county. A regional iconography gradually emerges on screen as more video content about Suceava is being produced. Capturing the essence of Romanian Bucovina on camera is a challenge steeped both in the history of the Habsburg Duchy and in that of the Moldavian principality (whose northernmost part was incorporated into the Habsburg Empire in 1775). Next comes the attempt to ‘touristify’ natural sites of environmental interest. History and nature are narrative tropes that amount to a coherent story delivered to natives and visitors alike. Despite the industrial scarring of the landscape well known to the natives, areas of woodland and countryside are on display. City life is largely ignored for the sake of a multicultural history of Bukovina mainly located in a rural setting. Screening Suceava has everything to do with identity-building. The rhetoric of regional self-designation seems to rank high on the local political agenda. The cosmopolitan Austro-Hungarian Bukovinian identity is obviously at odds with the ethno-national legacy celebrated in the so-called ‘Northern monasteries’ of Moldavia or in the Suceava fortress of Stephen the Great (who was built into an icon of Romanian historiography). The recreational opportunities of Suceava County are marketed to tourist boards, hotel chains, etc. as the retention of a Mitteleuropean distinctiveness. Explicitly, it is ‘something’ that has stayed with the indigenous population ever since the Austrian state set out to instruct the natives in the arts of life. There is a video side effect to the story. The mountainous countryside of Suceava is sold to the public as being peopled by men and women in national dress, a community dramatically different from all other surrounding areas of 21st century Romania.
Canon, Classics, Tradition: Demarcation Of The Terms
Authors: Gavryliuk Nadiya 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The canon is a concept with a long history. The religious canon was eventually re-established on secular grounds, where it was comprehended in the categories of official literary (general) and personal (individual) canons, educational canon (reading lists) being correlated to the concept of tradition (canon as selective tradition) and the classics (canon as synchronicity, the classics as diachronicity). These aspects have different features in each national literature, particularly in Ukrainian literature. The necessity of standards and hierarchical classifications remains important after postmodernism, when new concepts, such as corps, collection, postcanon, succeed or keep up with the concept of the canon.
The structural studies of aluminosilicate gels and thin films synthesized by the sol-gel method using different Al2O3 and SiO2 precursors
Authors: Adamczyk Anna 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAluminosilicate materials were obtained by sol-gel method, using different Al2O3 and SiO2 precursors in order to prepare sols based on water and organic solvents. As SiO2 precursors, Aerosil 200TM and tetraethoxysilane TEOS: Si(OC2H5)4 were applied, while DisperalTM and aluminium secondary butoxide ATSB: Al(OC4H9)3 were used for Al2O3 ones. Bulk samples were obtained by heating gels at 500 °C, 850 °C and at 1150 °C in air, while thin films were synthesized on carbon, steel and alundum (representing porous ceramics) substrates by the dip coating method. Thin films were annealed in air (steel and alundum) and in argon (carbon) at different temperatures, depending on the substrate type. The samples were synthesized as gels and coatings of the composition corresponding the that of 3Al2O3·2SiO2 mullite because of the specific valuable properties of this material. The structure of the annealed bulk samples and coatings was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy and XRD method (in standard and GID configurations). Additionally, the electron microscopy (SEM) together with EDS microanalysis were applied to describe the morphology and the chemical composition of thin films. The analysis of FT-IR spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns of bulk samples revealed the presence of γ-Al2O3 and δ-Al2O3 phases, together with the small amount of SiO2 in the particulate samples. This observation was confirmed by the bands due to vibrations of Al–O bonds occurring in γ-Al2O3 and δ-Al2O3 structures, in the range of 400 to 900 cm−1. The same phases (γ-Al2O3 and δ-Al2O) were observed in the deposited coatings, but the presence of particulate ones strongly depended on the type of Al2O3 and SiO2 precursor and on the heat treatment temperature. All thin films contained considerable amounts of amorphous phase.
A DFT study of the effects of Sc doping on electronic and optical properties of CdS nanoparticles
Authors: Ur Rehman Shafiq , Majid Abdul , Hassan Najmal , Shakoor Abdul , Murtaza G. , Khan Salah-Din 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn the present work a systematic study was carried out to understand the influence of Sc doping on electronic and optical properties of CdS nanoparticles. The geometry optimization and symmetry computation for CdS and Sc doped CdS nanoparticles using Density Functional Theory (DFT) on B3LYP level with the QZ4P for Cd and DZ2P for sulphur and Sc were performed by Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF). The results show that HOMO-LUMO gap as well as electronic and optical properties of CdS clusters vary with Sc doping. The HOMO-LUMO gap is affected by the dopant and its value decreases to 0.6 eV. Through considering the numerical integration scheme in the ADF package, we investigated different vibrational modes and our calculated Raman and IR spectra are consistent with the reported result. The calculated IR and Raman peaks of CdS and Sc doped CdS clusters were in the range of 100 to 289 cm−1, 60 cm−1 to 350 cm−1 and 99 cm−1 to 282 cm−1, 60 cm−1 to 350 cm−1, respectively, which was also confirmed by experiment as well as a blue shift occurrence. Subsequently, for deeper research of pure and doped CdS clusters, their absorption spectra were calculated using time-dependent DFT method.
Artes y humanidades en la época de la globalización. Una mirada desde J. J. Brunner
Authors: Barreto Édgar Arturo Ramírez 
Published: December 2015

<p>El propósito del presente texto es el de examinar el sentido de la enseñanza de las artes y humanidades dentro de una de las actuales proyecciones de la educación universitaria en Latinoamérica. Me refiero a la propuesta educativa de José Joaquín Brunner que, en principio, se podría sintetizar como hecha para responder a los nuevos retos sociales que exige la globalización en nuestro hemisferio.</p>
Los aportes de la fenomenología de Husserl a la metafísica de Zubiri: una reflexión sobre la conciencia intencional y la impresión
Authors: Martínez Alexánder Ávila 
Published: December 2015

<p>El presente texto intenta realizar una mirada al pensamiento de Zubiri, con el propósito de identificar la influencia de la fenomenología de Husserl en el pensamiento zubiriano. Específicamente se trabajan los conceptos de conciencia intencional e impresión. El texto también quiere mostrar la forma en que Zubiri encontró, a partir de la fenomenología, su camino propio para la construcción de su perspectiva metafísica y el análisis de la realidad.</p>
Editorial
Authors: Santiago Franco Didier 
Published: December 2015

<p>Filosofía para Niños (FpN) es un proyecto que nació a fiales de la década de 1970 en Estados Unidos a manos de Matthew Lipman, cuyo fin es ayudar a los niños y niñas a pensar por sí mismos a través de un programa para el desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento basado en la introducción del diálogo filosófico en la escuela primaria. Lipman y su grupo de colaboradores proponían convertir las aulas de clase en comunidades de indagación filosófica, es decir, en espacios privilegiados para la educación del pensamiento.</p>
Use of a Checklist and Clinical Decision Support Tool Reduces Laboratory Use and Improves Cost
Authors: Algaze Claudia A. , Wood Matthew , Pageler Natalie M. , Sharek Paul J. , Longhurst Christopher A. , Shin Andrew Y. 
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE:
We hypothesized that a daily rounding checklist and a computerized order entry (CPOE) rule that limited the scheduling of complete blood cell counts and chemistry and coagulation panels to a 24-hour interval would reduce laboratory utilization and associated costs.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective analysis of these initiatives in a pediatric cardiovascular ICU (CVICU) that included all patients with congenital or acquired heart disease admitted to the cardiovascular ICU from September 1, 2008, until April 1, 2011. Our primary outcomes were the number of laboratory orders and cost of laboratory orders. Our secondary outcomes were mortality and CVICU and hospital length of stay.

RESULTS:
We found a reduction in laboratory utilization frequency in the checklist intervention period and additional reduction in the CPOE intervention period [complete blood count: 31% and 44% (P &lt; .0001); comprehensive chemistry panel: 48% and 72% (P &lt; .0001); coagulation panel: 26% and 55% (P &lt; .0001); point of care blood gas: 43% and 44% (P &lt; .0001)] compared with the preintervention period. Projected yearly cost reduction was $717, 538.8. There was no change in adjusted mortality rate (odds ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.7–1.9, P = .65). CVICU and total length of stay (days) was similar in the pre- and postintervention periods.

CONCLUSIONS:
Use of a daily checklist and CPOE rule reduced laboratory resource utilization and cost without adversely affecting adjusted mortality or length of stay. CPOE has the potential to hardwire resource management interventions to augment and sustain the daily checklist.
Noninvasive Tests for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Holtman Gea A. , Lisman-van Leeuwen Yvonne , Reitsma Johannes B. , Berger Marjolein Y. 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND:
The clinical presentation of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often nonspecific and overlaps with functional gastrointestinal disorders.

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms, signs, noninvasive tests, and test combinations that can assist the clinician with the diagnosis of IBD in symptomatic children.

METHODS:
A literature search was conducted of Medline and Embase. Two reviewers independently selected studies reporting on the diagnostic accuracy of tests for IBD, with confirmation by endoscopy and histopathology or clinical follow-up, in children with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality with the QUADAS-2, an evidence-based quality assessment tool for diagnostic accuracy studies.

RESULTS:
Nineteen studies were included (N = 2806). Symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and weight loss) had pooled sensitivities ranging from 0.48 to 0.82 and specificities ranging from 0.17 to 0.78. Of all the blood markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) (9 studies) and albumin (6 studies) had the best performance, with pooled sensitivities of 0.63 (0.51–0.73) and 0.48 (0.31–0.66), respectively, and specificities of 0.88 (0.80–0.93) and 0.94 (0.86–0.98). Assessment of fecal calprotectin (FCal) (10 studies) had a pooled sensitivity of 0.99 (0.92–1.00) and a specificity of 0.65 (0.54–0.74). One limitation was that none of the studies was conducted in nonreferred children.

CONCLUSIONS:
In children whose pediatrician is considering an endoscopy, symptoms are not accurate enough to identify low-risk patients in whom an endoscopy can be avoided. FCal, CRP, and albumin findings are potentially of clinical value, given their ability to select children at low risk (negative FCal test result) or high risk (positive CRP or albumin test result) for IBD.
FILHOS DO CORAÇÃO ADOÇÃO DE CRIANÇAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA
Authors: Ferreira Silvana Dos Santos , Pimentel Sá Sumaia Midlej 
Published: December 2015

Adoção é a inserção de um novo membro em um ambiente familiar, de forma definitiva e com aquisição de vínculo jurídico. Estima-se que 22,21% das crianças disponíveis para adoção possuem problemas de saúde, sendo este um dos principais entraves no processo adotivo, pois ainda predomina-se a busca por adoções clássicas. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os fatores motivacionais que fizeram pais optarem por adotar crianças com deficiência. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de caráter descritivo que utilizou a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Empregou-se um roteiro de entrevistas semiestruturado aplicado a nove pais que adotaram crianças com deficiência provenientes do registro no Setor de Adoção da 1º Vara da Infância e Juventude, do conhecimento da pesquisadora e de grupos de apoio à adoção na internet. A motivação em adotar crianças com deficiência esteve atrelada ao desejo de realizar-se como pai/mãe e ajudar a criança, assim como foi influenciado pelo contato prévio dos pais com a deficiência, casos de adoção na família e ao estabelecimento de vínculo amoroso com a criança anterior à adoção. Os motivos que levam pais a optar por adotar crianças com deficiência relacionam-se com o desejo de ser pai/mãe e ajudar a uma criança. Outros fatores contribuem como motivadores para efetuação desse tipo de adoção: a forma como os pais percebem a deficiência, presença de casos de adoções de crianças com deficiência próximo às famílias adotivas, contato com pessoas com deficiência, vontade de adotar essas crianças desde a infância e religiosidade.