bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utility of Expanded Carrier Screening: Reproductive Behaviors of At‐Risk Couples
Authors: Ghiossi Caroline E. , Goldberg James D. , Haque Imran S. , Lazarin Gabriel A. , Wong Kenny K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractExpanded carrier screening (ECS) analyzes dozens or hundreds of recessive genes to determine reproductive risk. Data on the clinical utility of screening conditions beyond professional guidelines are scarce. Individuals underwent ECS for up to 110 genes. Five‐hundred thirty‐seven at‐risk couples (ARC), those in which both partners carry the same recessive disease, were invited to participate in a retrospective IRB‐approved survey of their reproductive decision making after receiving ECS results. Sixty‐four eligible ARC completed the survey. Of 45 respondents screened preconceptionally, 62% (n = 28) planned IVF with PGD or prenatal diagnosis (PNDx) in future pregnancies. Twenty‐nine percent (n = 13) were not planning to alter reproductive decisions. The remaining 9% (n = 4) of responses were unclear. Of 19 pregnant respondents, 42% (n = 8) elected PNDx, 11% (n = 2) planned amniocentesis but miscarried, and 47% (n = 9) considered the condition insufficiently severe to warrant invasive testing. Of the 8 pregnancies that underwent PNDx, 5 were unaffected and 3 were affected. Two of 3 affected pregnancies were terminated. Disease severity was found to have significant association (p = 0.000145) with changes in decision making, whereas guideline status of diseases, controlled for severity, was not (p = 0.284). Most ARC altered reproductive planning, demonstrating the clinical utility of ECS. Severity of conditions factored into decision making.
Progressive sampling-based Bayesian optimization for efficient and automatic machine learning model selection
Authors: Zeng Xueqiang , Luo Gang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeMachine learning is broadly used for clinical data analysis. Before training a model, a machine learning algorithm must be selected. Also, the values of one or more model parameters termed hyper-parameters must be set. Selecting algorithms and hyper-parameter values requires advanced machine learning knowledge and many labor-intensive manual iterations. To lower the bar to machine learning, miscellaneous automatic selection methods for algorithms and/or hyper-parameter values have been proposed. Existing automatic selection methods are inefficient on large data sets. This poses a challenge for using machine learning in the clinical big data era.MethodsTo address the challenge, this paper presents progressive sampling-based Bayesian optimization, an efficient and automatic selection method for both algorithms and hyper-parameter values.ResultsWe report an implementation of the method. We show that compared to a state of the art automatic selection method, our method can significantly reduce search time, classification error rate, and standard deviation of error rate due to randomization.ConclusionsThis is major progress towards enabling fast turnaround in identifying high-quality solutions required by many machine learning-based clinical data analysis tasks.
Structuring Particularist Publics: Logistics, Language, and Early Modern Wales
Authors: Bowen Lloyd 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article examines how early modern publics were shaped partly by dynamics of linguistic difference and physical distance. Taking Wales as its focus, it argues that barriers to communication have yet to be considered sufficiently in a literature which presents English language metropolitan discourses as normative. Particularist publics that drew upon different cultural heritages and employed different communicative practices to those prevailing in and around London deserve greater attention. This is illustrated principally by the vernacularizing impulses of Protestant reform in sixteenth-century Wales and the responses these elicited from Catholic interests, and also the attempts to construct political publics in Wales during the 1640s and 1650s. Early modern Welsh public culture was characterized by a degree of isolation from the genres and sites of critical opinion (such as newsbooks and coffeehouses); print production was underdeveloped; and there were logistical barriers to the spread of news. Conceptualizing early modern Wales as a “particularist public” can help enrich our understanding of center-locality relationships in other parts of the English (and subsequently British) realm.
Print Culture, State Formation, and an Anglo-Scottish Public, 1640–1648
Authors: Peacey Jason 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBased upon the idea that debates regarding the “public sphere” have paid insufficient attention to the notion of multiple publics and the movement of texts across state borders, this article explores how print culture provided ways of promoting transterritorial publics. It does so by revisiting the vexed notion of the “British problem” in the seventeenth century and relations between Scottish Covenanters and English parliamentarians, and by emphasizing the need to consider print culture in tandem with state formation. It demonstrates that a significant volume of printed material––produced both in England and Scotland, and sometimes collaboratively––reflected and promoted cross-border cooperation, thereby fostering a nascent Anglo-Scottish public. It also emphasizes that the practices involved were intimately linked to attempts to establish federal political institutions that both responded to the existence of a “British” public and necessitated its further development. Ultimately, however, the need to address and maintain such a public led to printed texts being used to navigate tensions between Covenanters and parliamentarians, to the point where Anglo-Scottish interests gave way to national interests, where resistance grew to the legitimacy of using print as a cross-border device, and where print helped to undermine cross-border cooperation.
The Lepcitanian territory: cultural heritage in danger in war and peace
Authors: Munzi Massimiliano , Zocchi Andrea 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSince 1995 the Archaeological Mission to Libya of Roma Tre University has carried out several surveys in the territory and suburbs of Lepcis Magna. Besides the survey of the archaeological and historical sites, the Roma Tre team has also had the opportunity to observe and record the development of the landscape through periods of war and peace.In this article, the issues related to the cultural heritage in the area of the modern city of Khoms and in the Lepcis hinterland are analysed and particular consideration is given to the damage and destruction that has occurred since the Italian occupation (1911) until the present day. The Lepcitanian/Khoms territory is an interesting case study in which the cultural heritage has been, and still is, at risk due to ‘civilian’ and ‘conflict’ causes. Besides the damage that occurred during the Italo-Turkish War and – to a minor extent – during WWII, the main damage seems to have occurred in the last sixty years due to the expansion of Khoms and to the ongoing unstable political situation in which the lack of central government control is playing an important role. In particular, since 2011, Islamic fundamentalists have demolished in these areas several ancient marabouts, destroying one of the most characteristic aspects of the Tripolitanian/Libyan cultural landscape.
Quand observations et interprétations diffèrent : le cas de l'arc de triomphe de Tripoli dans les sources arabes
Authors: Mkacher Anis 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe only building which has been preserved from the ancient urban fabric of Tripoli, Oea in antiquity, is the Triumphal Arch. By considering Arab sources, we may shed new light on its evolution, the place it had been in the past and the way it was considered during those times. If we compare two excerpts from Arab-Muslim historiography, written by local travellers, with Western testimonies, we see that the monument was reinterpreted in the light of the new culture which was established in the region and of the local history of the city.
Abraham Kuyper among the Nations
Authors: Joustra Robert J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAbraham Kuyper, Dutch Prime Minister (1901–1905) and modern Calvinist, was a controversial figure, not least in his foreign affairs. Yet while Kuyper's legacy has been felt in the world of religious, especially Christian, political, and social theory, very little has been made of Kuyper's actual record as a foreign policy maker and a Prime Minister. So, what was Kuyper's “Christian” perspective and policy on foreign affairs? Using newly available English translations, this article outlines Kuyper's “overseas manifesto” made most plain in Our Program, and compares it against Kuyper's commentary and policy in three major foreign crises: the Boer Cause, in South Africa; the “pacification” of Aceh, in modern-day Indonesia; and finally, the calamity of the Great War in Europe. From these I will paint an introductory, if general, picture of a serious, religious foreign policy maker, and a commentator on world affairs; a complex picture of religiously inflected policy in the early 20th century, with lessons and warnings for scholars of religion and foreign policy today.
Rumination Moderates the Association Between Resting High-Frequency	Heart Rate Variability and Perceived Ethnic Discrimination
Authors: Williams DeWayne P. , Pandya Kinjal D. , Hill LaBarron K. , Kemp Andrew H. , Way Baldwin M. , Thayer Julian F. , Koenig Julian 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Ethnic discrimination (ED) is both an unfortunate and uncontrollable phenomenon that uniquely impacts African Americans (AAs) and other individuals of ethnic minority status. Perceived ethnic discrimination (PED), defined as the degree to which an individual consciously perceives a negative event as discriminatory and threatening, largely determines the impact that ED can have on target individuals. However, research has not yet considered how individual differences in both emotion regulation abilities, as indexed by resting high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), and rumination, a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy, may predict PED in AAs. The following investigation examined this relationship in a sample of 101 college-aged students (45 AAs and 56 Caucasian Americans). Resting HF-HRV was assessed via electrocardiogram during a 5-minute-resting period. Rumination was assessed using the ruminative responses scale and everyday PED was assessed using the perceived ethnic discrimination questionnaire. Results showed a significant negative relationship between resting HF-HRV and PED in AAs only. Rumination significantly moderated this relationship, such that lower HF-HRV was related to higher PED only in AAs who reported moderate to higher, β = 0.417 (0.125), p < .01, levels of trait rumination. These results suggest that greater HF-HRV and lesser ruminative tendencies are key factors in reducing PED and therefore possibly, negative consequences associated with ED.
Enhanced thermal stability of organic solar cells comprising ternary D-D-A bulk-heterojunctions
Authors: Landerer Dominik , Mertens Adrian , Freis Dieter , Droll Robert , Leonhard Tobias , Schulz Alexander Deniz , Bahro Daniel , Colsmann Alexander 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTernary absorber blends have recently been identified as promising concepts to spectrally broaden the absorption of organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells and hence to improve their power conversion efficiencies. In this work, we demonstrate that D-D-A ternary blends comprising two donor polymers and the acceptor PC61BM can also significantly enhance the thermal stability of the solar cell. Upon harsh thermal stress at 120 °C for 2 h, the ternary solar cells show only a minor relative deterioration of 10%. Whereas the polymer/fullerene blend PTB7-Th:PC61BM is rather unstable under these conditions, its degradation was efficiently suppressed by incorporating the near infrared-absorbing polymer PDTP–DFBT. Spectroscopic ellipsometry investigations and an effective medium analysis of the ternary absorber blend revealed that the domain conformation in presence of PDTP–DFBT remains stable whereas the domain conformation changes in its absence. The ternary PTB7-Th:PDTP–DFBT:PC61BM solar cells yield thermally stable power conversion efficiencies of up to 6%.
Solution-based polycrystalline silicon transistors produced on a paper substrate
Authors: Trifunovic Miki , Sberna Paolo Maria , Shimoda Tatsuya , Ishihara Ryoichi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPrinting of electronics is pursued as a low-cost alternative to conventional manufacturing processes. In addition, owing to relatively low process temperatures, flexible substrates can be used enabling novel applications. Among flexible substrates, paper was found to be a particularly interesting candidate, since it has an order of magnitude lower price than low-cost polymer alternatives, and is biodegradable. As ink materials, organic and metal-oxide semiconductors are thoroughly being investigated; however, they lack in electric performance compared to silicon in terms of device mobility, reliability, and energy efficiency. In recent years, liquid precursors for silicon were found and used to create polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si). However, fabrication of transistors on top of low-cost flexible substrates such as paper has remained an outstanding challenge. Here we demonstrate both p-channel and n-channel poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated directly on top of paper with field-effect mobilities of 6.2 and 2.0 cm2/V s, respectively. Many fabrication challenges have been overcome by limiting the maximum process temperature to approximately 100 °C, and avoiding liquid chemicals commonly used for etching and cleaning. Patterning of poly-Si has been achieved by additive selective crystallization of the precursor film using an excimer laser. This work serves as a proof of concept, and has the potential to further improve device performance. Owing to the low-cost, biodegradable nature of paper, and the high performance, reliability, and energy efficiency of poly-Si TFTs, this work opens a pathway toward truly low-cost, low-power, recyclable applications including smart packages, biodegradable health monitoring units, flexible displays, and disposable sensor nodes.
Systems biology reveals uncoupling beyond UCP1 in human white fat-derived beige adipocytes
Authors: Nyman Elin , Bartesaghi Stefano , Melin Rydfalk Rebecka , Eng Sandra , Pollard Charlotte , Gennemark Peter , Peng Xiao-Rong , Cedersund Gunnar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPharmaceutical induction of metabolically active beige adipocytes in the normally energy storing white adipose tissue has potential to reduce obesity. Mitochondrial uncoupling in beige adipocytes, as in brown adipocytes, has been reported to occur via the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). However, several previous in vitro characterizations of human beige adipocytes have only measured UCP1 mRNA fold increase, and assumed a direct correlation with metabolic activity. Here, we provide an example of pharmaceutical induction of beige adipocytes, where increased mRNA levels of UCP1 are not translated into increased protein levels, and perform a thorough analysis of this example. We incorporate mRNA and protein levels of UCP1, time-resolved mitochondrial characterizations, and numerous perturbations, and analyze all data with a new fit-for-purpose mathematical model. The systematic analysis challenges the seemingly obvious experimental conclusion, i.e., that UCP1 is not active in the induced cells, and shows that hypothesis testing with iterative modeling and experimental work is needed to sort out the role of UCP1. The analyses demonstrate, for the first time, that the uncoupling capability of human beige adipocytes can be obtained without UCP1 activity. This finding thus opens the door to a new direction in drug discovery that targets obesity and its associated comorbidities. Furthermore, the analysis advances our understanding of how to evaluate UCP1-independent thermogenesis in human beige adipocytes.
Chondroitin Sulfate Is Required for Onset and Offset of Critical Period Plasticity in Visual Cortex
Authors: Hou Xubin , Yoshioka Nozomu , Tsukano Hiroaki , Sakai Akiko , Miyata Shinji , Watanabe Yumi , Yanagawa Yuchio , Sakimura Kenji , Takeuchi Kosei , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Hensch Takao K. , Shibuki Katsuei , Igarashi Michihiro , Sugiyama Sayaka 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOcular dominance plasticity is easily observed during the critical period in early postnatal life. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the most abundant component in extracellular structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs), which surround parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-cells). CS accumulates in PNNs at the critical period, but its function in earlier life is unclear. Here, we show that initiation of ocular dominance plasticity was impaired with reduced CS, using mice lacking a key CS-synthesizing enzyme, CSGalNAcT1. Two-photon in vivo imaging showed a weaker visual response of PV-cells with reduced CS compared to wild-type mice. Plasticity onset was restored by a homeoprotein Otx2, which binds the major CS-proteoglycan aggrecan and promotes its further expression. Continuous CS accumulation together with Otx2 contributed bidirectionally to both onset and offset of plasticity, and was substituted by diazepam, which enhances GABA function. Therefore, CS and Otx2 may act as common inducers of both onset and offset of the critical period by promoting PV-cell function throughout the lifetime.
Fine population structure analysis method for genomes of many
Authors: Pan Xuedong , Wang Yi , Wong Emily H. M. , Telenti Amalio , Venter J. Craig , Jin Li 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFine population structure can be examined through the clustering of individuals into subpopulations. The clustering of individuals in large sequence datasets into subpopulations makes the calculation of subpopulation specific allele frequency possible, which may shed light on selection of candidate variants for rare diseases. However, as the magnitude of the data increases, computational burden becomes a challenge in fine population structure analysis. To address this issue, we propose fine population structure analysis (FIPSA), which is an individual-based non-parametric method for dissecting fine population structure. FIPSA maximizes the likelihood ratio of the contingency table of the allele counts multiplied by the group. We demonstrated that its speed and accuracy were superior to existing non-parametric methods when the simulated sample size was up to 5,000 individuals. When applied to real data, the method showed high resolution on the Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) East Asian dataset. FIPSA was independently validated on 11,257 human genomes. The group assignment given by FIPSA was 99.1% similar to those assigned based on supervised learning. Thus, FIPSA provides high resolution and is compatible with a real dataset of more than ten thousand individuals.
The regulatory effect of choice in Situation Selection reduces experiential, exocrine and respiratory arousal for negative emotional stimulations
Authors: Thuillard Simon , Dan-Glauser Elise S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSituation selectionis a seldom studied emotion regulation strategy that entails choosing an upcoming emotional situation. Two mechanisms may drive its regulatory effect on emotional responses. One relates to the evaluation of the chosen option, people generally selecting the most positive. The other one implies thathaving the choiceregarding the upcoming emotional situation is already regulatory, independently of what we choose. This research aimed at investigating this latter hypothesis. In a within-subject design, we compared emotional responses of 65 participants when they viewed negative and positive images they could select (use ofSituation selection) vs. when they were imposed theexact same images(Situation selectionnot used). Results show that having the choice in negative contexts decreased negative experience, skin conductance, and respiration reactivity, while enhancing expressivity and cardiovascular reactivity. In positive contexts, choosing generally reinforced the image calming effect. Thus, contrary to other strategies that are efficient for negative but usually impair positive reactions (e.g., distraction),Situation selectionmay be used widely to reduce negative experience, while avoiding depletion of positive responses. This is particularly notable in emotion experience. Remarkably, these effects are not driven by the content of the situations, but by the act of choosing itself.
Targeting the alternative sigma factor RpoN to combat virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Lloyd Megan G. , Lundgren Benjamin R. , Hall Clayton W. , Gagnon Luke B.-P. , Mah Thien-Fah , Moffat Jennifer F. , Nomura Christopher T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that infects immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients. Treatment is difficult due to antibiotic resistance, and new antimicrobials are needed to treat infections. The alternative sigma factor 54 (σ54, RpoN), regulates many virulence-associated genes. Thus, we evaluated inhibition of virulence in P. aeruginosa by a designed peptide (RpoN molecular roadblock, RpoN*) which binds specifically to RpoN consensus promoters. We expected that RpoN* binding to its consensus promoter sites would repress gene expression and thus virulence by blocking RpoN and/or other transcription factors. RpoN* reduced transcription of approximately 700 genes as determined by microarray analysis, including genes related to virulence. RpoN* expression significantly reduced motility, protease secretion, pyocyanin and pyoverdine production, rhamnolipid production, and biofilm formation. Given the effectiveness of RpoN* in vitro, we explored its effects in a Caenorhabditis elegans–P. aeruginosa infection model. Expression of RpoN* protected C. elegans in a paralytic killing assay, whereas worms succumbed to paralysis and death in its absence. In a slow killing assay, which mimics establishment and proliferation of an infection, C. elegans survival was prolonged when RpoN* was expressed. Thus, blocking RpoN consensus promoter sites is an effective strategy for abrogation of P. aeruginosa virulence.
Robust, high brightness, degenerate entangled photon source at room temperature
Authors: Jabir M. V. , Samanta G. K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report on a compact, simple and robust high brightness entangled photon source at room temperature. Based on a 30-mm-long periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal, the source produces non-collinear, type-0, phase-matched, degenerate photons at 810 nm with spectral brightness as high as ~0.41 ± 0.02 (~0.025 ± 0.02) MHz/mW/nm for multi (single) mode fiber coupling. So far, this is the highest number of degenerate photons generated using a continuous-wave laser pumped bulk crystal and detected using multimode fiber. We have studied the dependence of pump focusing on the brightness of the generated photons collected using both multimode, and single mode fibers. For a fixed pump power and crystal parameters, the SPDC source has an optimum pump waist radius producing maximum number of paired photons. Combining the crystal in a novel system architecture comprised with Sagnac interferometer and polarizing optical elements, the source produces polarization entangled photon states with high spectral brightness. Even in the absence of any phase compensation, the entangled photon states detected using single mode fiber have a Bell’s parameter, S = 2.63 ± 0.02, violating the Bell’s inequality by nearly 32 standard deviations and fidelity of 0.975. The compact footprint, robust design, and room temperature operation, make our source ideal for various quantum communication experiments.