bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of the p38–MNK–eIF4E Signaling Axis in TNF Production Downstream of the NOD1 Receptor
Authors: Pashenkov Mikhail V. , Balyasova Lyudmila S. , Dagil Yulia A. , Pinegin Boris V. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) 1 and NOD2 by muropeptides triggers a complex transcriptional program in innate immune cells. However, little is known about posttranscriptional regulation of NOD1- and NOD2-dependent responses. When stimulated with a prototypic NOD1 agonist, N-acetylglucosaminyl–N-acetylmuramyl–l-alanyl-d-isoglutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (GM-triDAP), human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) produced an order of magnitude more TNF, IL-6, and pro–IL-1β than did monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC), despite similar NOD1 expression, similar cytokine mRNA kinetics, and comparable responses to LPS. TNF production by GM-triDAP–activated MDM was independent of autocrine IL-1. However, GM-triDAP–activated MDM translated TNF mRNA more efficiently than did MDDC. As an underlying mechanism, NOD1 triggering in MDM caused a more potent and long-lasting activation of the signaling axis involving p38 MAPK, MAPK-interacting kinase (MNK), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, which is a critical regulator of translation. Furthermore, MNK controlled TNF mRNA abundance in MDDC and MDM upon NOD1 triggering. NOD1-dependent responses were more sensitive to MNK inhibition than were TLR4-dependent responses. These results demonstrate the importance of the p38–MNK–eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E axis in TNF production downstream of NOD1.
Convergence of Monotone Schemes for Conservation Laws with Zero-Flux Boundary Conditions
Authors: Karlsen K. H. , Towers J. D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe consider a scalar conservation law with zero-flux boundary conditions imposed on the boundary of a rectangular multidimensional domain. We study monotone schemes applied to this problem. For the Godunov version of the scheme, we simply set the boundary flux equal to zero. For other monotone schemes, we additionally apply a simple modification to the numerical flux. We show that the approximate solutions produced by these schemes converge to the unique entropy solution, in the sense of [7], of the conservation law. Our convergence result relies on a BV bound on the approximate numerical solution. In addition, we show that a certain functional that is closely related to the total variation is nonincreasing from one time level to the next. We extend our scheme to handle degenerate convection-diffusion equations and for the one-dimensional case we prove convergence to the unique entropy solution.
Numerical Investigation of the Coherent Structures and Sound Properties in Sonic Coaxial Jets
Authors: Shi Haitao , Chen Dawei , Wang Pei , Liu Nansheng , Lu Xiyun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNumerical investigation of the underexpanded sonic coaxial jets is carried out using large eddy simulation for three typical inner nozzle lip-thicknesses. Various fundamental mechanisms dictating the flow phenomena including shock structure, shear layer evolution and sound production are investigated. It is found that the inner nozzle lip induces a recirculation zone between inner and outer jets, which significantly influences the behaviors of shock structures and shear layers. The sound properties of the coaxial jets are further analyzed in detail. As the inner lip-thickness increases, the helical screech mode switches to an axisymmetric one and high-frequency screech also occurs with an oscillation frequency of recirculation zone. Based on the temporal Fourier transform and correlation analysis, the primary sources of low- and high-frequency screeches are associated with the downstream shock cells in the jet column and the secondary shock structures in the outer annular jet, respectively. The proper orthogonal decomposition analysis reveals that the dominant structures constructed by the most energetic modes shift from the downstream shock cells region to the upstream secondary shock region as the lip-thickness increases. The results obtained in this study provide physical insight into the understanding of the mechanisms relevant to the coherent structures and sound properties in sonic coaxial jets.
An alternative derivation of the Dirac operator generating intrinsic Lagrangian local gauge invariance
Authors: Wolk Brian Jonathan 
Published: January 2017

This paper introduces an alternative formalism for deriving the Dirac operator and equation. The use of this formalism concomitantly generates a separate operator coupled to the Dirac operator. When operating on a Clifford field, this coupled operator produces field components which are formally equivalent to the field components of Maxwell's electromagnetic field tensor. Consequently, the Lagrangian of the associated coupled field exhibits internal local gauge symmetry. The coupled field Lagrangian is seen to be equivalent to the Lagrangian of Quantum Electrodynamics.
Received: 8 November 2016, Accepted: 4 January 2017; Edited by: D. Gomez Dumm; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.090002
Cite as: B J Wolk, Papers in Physics 9, 090002 (2017)
This paper, by B J Wolk, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.
De responsabilisering van burgers van verzorgingsstaat tot participatiesamenleving
Authors: Brok Ermy 
Published: January 2017

The making-responsible of citizens from welfare state to participation society. Discourse analysis of Dutch speeches from the throne and government statements since the 1960s.
Central concern of this article is tracing back how the making-responsible of citizens takes shape within Dutch speeches from the throne, government statements and reports of the Dutch Social and Cultural Research Institute (SCP) ever since the 1960s. The Dutch participation society, a term much discussed ever since mentioned in the 2013 speech of the throne, is often associated with a withdrawing government and a coming to end of the welfare state. At the same time, according to several authors, the notion of a withdrawing government that operates within a network of multiple equal actors has brought along the need for a widening of the government’s repertoire of action. This has been characterized as making-responsible citizens on conditions of the state. It has raised doubts about true government-withdrawal and authors have related it to the dominance of neo-liberal thinking ever since the 1990s. Applying an analysis framework derived from discourse analysis, it is made tangible in this article how within political discourse beginnings of the making-responsible of citizens can be traced to the 1960s, more than thirty years earlier than expected. It is argued that this longer history makes a plea for encouraging the political dimension of citizenship all the more important.
Aanpassingsstoornis
Authors: Noordhof Arjen 
Published: January 2017

De Blinde Vlek
The most relevant part of a discussion is not what is discussed but what cannot be spoken of. The real taboos are those for which it is taboo to call them taboos. The status quo defines itself as non-ideological while denouncing any challenge to itself as radical. Therefore the column ‘De Blinde Vlek’ frames the framers, politicizes the status quo and articulates what is not heard of.
Bemiddeling door de politie bij eergerelateerd geweld
Authors: Janssen Janine , Sanberg Ruth 
Published: January 2017

Mediation by the police in case of honour related violence
Tackling honour related violence is part of the Dutch policy on domestic violence. On the police level a centre of expertise was installed, the LEC EGG. Next to strategies with regard to detection, the LEC EGG has put forward instructions with regard to the application of police mediation in cases of honour related violence. These rules, the ‘7 golden W’s’, are presented and discussed, paying attention to the institutional role of the police.
Bismuth doping effect on crystal structure and photodegradation
activity of Bi–TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Ming-Chung , Chang Yin-Hsuan , Lin Ting-Han 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The bismuth precursor is adopted as dopant to synthesize bismuth doped titanium
dioxide nanoparticles (Bi–TiO2 NPs) with sol–gel method
following by the thermal annealing treatment. We systematically developed a
series of Bi–TiO2 NPs at several calcination temperatures and
discovered the corresponding crystal structure by varying the bismuth doping
concentration. At a certain 650 °C calcination temperature, the crystal
structure of bismuth titanate (Bi2Ti2O7) is
formed when the bismuth doping concentration is as high as 10.0 mol %. The
photocatalytic activity of Bi–TiO2 NPs is increased by varying
the doping concentration at the particular calcination temperature. By the
definition X-ray diffraction (XRD) structural identification, a phase diagram of
Bi–TiO2 NPs in doping concentration versus calcination
temperature is provided. It can be useful for further study in the crystal
structure engineering and the development of photocatalyst.
Mixed‐layer carbon cycling at the Kuroshio Extension Observatory
Authors: Fassbender Andrea J. , Sabine Christopher L. , Cronin Meghan F. , Sutton Adrienne J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSeven years of data from the NOAA Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) surface mooring, located in the North Pacific Ocean carbon sink region, were used to evaluate drivers of mixed‐layer carbon cycling. A time‐dependent mass balance approach relying on two carbon tracers was used to diagnostically evaluate how surface ocean processes influence mixed‐layer carbon concentrations over the annual cycle. Results indicate that the annual physical carbon input is predominantly balanced by biological carbon uptake during the intense spring bloom. Net annual gas exchange that adds carbon to the mixed layer and the opposing influence of net precipitation that dilutes carbon concentrations make up smaller contributions to the annual mixed‐layer carbon budget. Decomposing the biological term into annual net community production (aNCP) and calcium carbonate production (aCaCO3) yields 7 ± 3 mol C m−2 yr−1 aNCP and 0.5 ± 0.3 mol C m−2 yr−1 aCaCO3, giving an annually integrated particulate inorganic carbon to particulate organic carbon production ratio of 0.07 ± 0.05, as a lower limit. Although we find that vertical physical processes dominate carbon input to the mixed layer at KEO, it remains unclear how horizontal features, such as eddies, influence carbon production and export by altering nutrient supply as well as the depth of winter ventilation. Further research evaluating linkages between Kuroshio Extension jet instabilities, eddy activity, and nutrient supply mechanisms is needed to adequately characterize the drivers and sensitivities of carbon cycling near KEO.
Surface imprint of toroidal flow at retreating slab edges: The first geodetic evidence in the Calabrian subduction system
Authors: Palano M. , Piromallo C. , Chiarabba C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDense GPS observations can help Earth scientists to capture the surface imprint of mantle toroidal flow at slab edges. We document this process in the Calabrian subduction system, where the Ionian slab rollback took place during the past 30 Ma, following a stepwise process driven by migration of lithospheric tearing. We found rotation rates of ~1.29°/Ma (counterclockwise) and ~1.74°/Ma (clockwise), for poles located close to the northern and southern slab edges, respectively. These small‐scale, opposite rotations occur along complex sets of active faults representing the present‐day lithospheric expression of the tearing processes affecting the southeastward retreating Ionian slab at both edges. The observed rotations are likely still young and the process more immature at the northern tear, where it is unable to reorient mantle fabric and therefore is unseen by SKS splitting.
The history and future trends of ocean warming‐induced gas hydrate dissociation in the SW Barents Sea
Authors: Vadakkepuliyambatta Sunil , Chand Shyam , Bünz Stefan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Barents Sea is a major part of the Arctic where the Gulf Stream mixes with the cold Arctic waters. Late Cenozoic uplift and glacial erosion have resulted in hydrocarbon leakage from reservoirs, evolution of fluid flow systems, shallow gas accumulations, and hydrate formation throughout the Barents Sea. Here we integrate seismic data observations of gas hydrate accumulations along with gas hydrate stability modeling to analyze the impact of warming ocean waters in the recent past and future (1960–2060). Seismic observations of bottom‐simulating reflectors (BSRs) indicate significant thermogenic gas input into the hydrate stability zone throughout the SW Barents Sea. The distribution of BSR is controlled primarily by fluid flow focusing features, such as gas chimneys and faults. Warming ocean bottom temperatures over the recent past and in future (1960–2060) can result in hydrate dissociation over an area covering 0.03–38% of the SW Barents Sea.
Observation of suprathermal argon in the exosphere of Mars
Authors: Bhardwaj Anil , Thampi Smitha V. , Das Tirtha Pratim , Dhanya M. B. , Naik Neha , Vajja Dinakar Prasad , Pradeepkumar P. , Sreelatha P. , K. Abhishek J. , Thampi R. Satheesh , Yadav Vipin K. , Sundar B. , Nandi Amarnath , Padmanabhan G. Padma , Aliyas A. V. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe altitude profiles of argon‐40 (Ar) in the Martian exosphere are reported using Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyser aboard Indian Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) from four orbits during December 2014 (Ls = 250°–257°), when MOM's periapsis altitude was the lowest. The upper limit of Ar number density corresponding to this period is ∼5 × 105 cm−3 (∼250 km), and the typical scale height is ∼16 km, corresponding to an exospheric temperature of ∼275 K. However, on two orbits, the scale height over this altitude region is found to increase significantly making the effective temperature >400 K. Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer observations on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission also indicate that the change in slope in Ar density occurs near the upper exosphere (around 230–260 km). These observations indicate significant suprathermal CO2 and Ar populations in the Martian exosphere. Significant wave‐like perturbations are observed but only on certain days when suprathermal population is seen. Pickup ion‐induced heating is discussed as the other viable source.
The geocoronal responses to the geomagnetic disturbances
Authors: Kuwabara M. , Yoshioka K. , Murakami G. , Tsuchiya F. , Kimura T. , Yamazaki A. , Yoshikawa I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAtomic hydrogen atoms in the terrestrial exosphere resonantly scatter solar Lyman alpha (121.6 nm) radiation, observed as the hydrogen geocorona. Measurements of scattered solar photons allow us to probe time‐varying distributions of exospheric hydrogen atoms. The Hisaki satellite with the extreme ultraviolet spectrometer (EXtreme ultraviolet spectrosCope for ExosphEric Dynamics: EXCEED) was launched in September 2013. EXCEED acquires spectral images (52–148 nm) of the atmospheres/magnetospheres of planets from Earth orbit. Due to its low orbital altitude (~1000 km), the images taken by the instrument also contain the geocoronal emissions. In this context, EXCEED has provided quasi‐continuous remote sensing observations of the geocorona with high temporal resolution (~1 min) since 2013. These observations provide a unique database to determine the long‐term behavior of the exospheric density structure. In this paper, we report exospheric structural responses observed by EXCEED to geomagnetic disturbances. Several geomagnetic storms with decreases of Dst index occurred in February 2014 and the Lyman alpha column brightness on the night side of the Earth increased abruptly and temporarily by approximately 10%. Hisaki reveal that the time lag between the peaks of the magnetic activity and the changes in the Lyman alpha column brightness is found to be about 2 to 6 h during storms. In order to interpret the observational results, we evaluate quantitatively the factors causing the increase. On the basis of these results, a coupling effect via charge exchange between the exosphere and plasmasphere causes variations of the exospheric density structure.
Longitudinal structures in Mars' upper atmosphere as observed by MAVEN/NGIMS
Authors: Liu Guiping , England Scott , Lillis Robert J. , Mahaffy Paul R. , Elrod Meredith , Benna Mehdi , Jakosky Bruce 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHere we report the first comprehensive study of longitudinal structures in Mars' neutral upper atmosphere associated with atmospheric tides in composition, density and temperature using the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission/Neutral Gas Ion Mass Spectrometer observations during 2015. These are in situ measurements of number densities of atmospheric species (including CO2, Ar, N2, and CO) in the altitude range from 120 to 200 km above the areoid (corresponding to a total density range from ~108–1011 cm−3), providing a data set that is larger than all previous measurements of these waves combined. These observations span from ±70° latitude and cover a wide range of local times and solar longitudes (Ls), allowing for the study of longitudinal structures under various conditions. Furthermore, the data in May and November 2015 are at similar latitudes and local times but different Ls (~340° in May, close to northern spring equinox, and 70° in November, close to northern summer solstice and aphelion), ideal for studying the seasonal effects of tides. Our analysis shows that in each month the Ar density varies with longitude having a large wave structure. It is dominated by wave 2 and 3, accounting for 8–16% of the change of the mean density. Comparison shows that the longitudinal structures at a constant CO2 density level have different amplitudes at different seasons, although their patterns are similar. The temperature structure has a phase difference from the density variation, indicating the dissipation of tides in this altitude region. The longitudinal structure is seen in all species, including major and minor species, consistent with the tidal signatures.
GPS detection of ionospheric Rayleigh wave and its source following the 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake
Authors: Jin Shuanggen , Jin Rui , Li D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe processes and sources of seismo‐ionospheric disturbances are still not clear. In this paper, coseismic ionospheric disturbances (CIDs) are investigated by dual‐frequency GPS observations following the Mw = 7.8 earthquake as results of the oblique‐thrust fault in the Haida Gwaii region, Canada, on 28 October 2012. Results show that the CIDs with an amplitude of up to 0.15 total electron content units (TECU) are found with spreading out at 2.20 km/s, which agree well with the Rayleigh wave propagation speed at 2.22 km/s detected by the bottom pressure records at about 10 min after the onset. The CIDs are a result of the upward propagation acoustic waves trigged by the Rayleigh wave in sequence from near field to far field. The strong correlation is found between the CIDs and the vertical ground motion recorded by seismometers nearby the epicenter. The total electron content (TEC) series from lower‐elevation angle GPS observations have higher perturbation amplitudes. Furthermore, the simulated ionospheric disturbance following a vertical Gauss pulse on the ground based on the finite difference time domain method confirms the ionospheric Rayleigh wave signature in the near field and the vertical ground motion dependence theoretically. The vertical ground motion is the dominant source of the ionospheric Rayleigh wave and affects the CID waveform directly.
Simulating stick‐slip failure in a sheared granular layer using a physics‐based constitutive model
Authors: Lieou Charles K. C. , Daub Eric G. , Guyer Robert A. , Ecke Robert E. , Marone Chris , Johnson Paul A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe model laboratory earthquakes in a biaxial shear apparatus using the Shear‐Transformation‐Zone (STZ) theory of dense granular flow. The theory is based on the observation that slip events in a granular layer are attributed to grain rearrangement at soft spots called STZs, which can be characterized according to principles of statistical physics. We model lab data on granular shear using STZ theory and document direct connections between the STZ approach and rate‐and‐state friction. We discuss the stability transition from stable shear to stick‐slip failure and show that stick slip is predicted by STZ when the applied shear load exceeds a threshold value that is modulated by elastic stiffness and frictional rheology. We also show that STZ theory mimics fault zone dilation during the stick phase, consistent with lab observations.
Ground validation of GPM IMERG and TRMM 3B42V7 rainfall products over southern Tibetan Plateau based on a high‐density rain gauge network
Authors: Xu Ran , Tian Fuqiang , Yang Long , Hu Hongchang , Lu Hui , Hou Aizhong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study is to evaluate two satellite rainfall products Global Precipitation Measurement Integrated MultisatellitE Retrievals and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42V7 (GPM IMERG and TRMM 3B42V7) in southern Tibetan Plateau region, with special focus on the dependence of products' performance on topography and rainfall intensity. Over 500 in situ rain gauges constitute an unprecedentedly dense rain gauge network over this region and provide an exceptional resource for ground validation of satellite rainfall estimates. Our evaluation centers on the rainy season from May to October in 2014. Results indicate that (1) GPM product outperforms TRMM at all spatial scales and elevation ranges in detecting daily rainfall accumulation; (2) rainfall accumulation over the entire rainy season is negatively correlated with mean elevation for rain gauges and the two satellite rainfall products, while the performance of TRMM also significantly correlates with topographic variations; (3) in terms of the ability of rainfall detection, false alarming ratio of TRMM (21%) is larger than that of GPM (14%), while missing ratio of GPM (13%) is larger than that of TRMM (9%). GPM tends to underestimate the amount of light rain events of 0–1 mm/d, while the opposite (overestimation) is true for TRMM. GPM shows better detecting ability for light rainfall (0–5 mm/d) events but there is no detection skill for both GPM and TRMM at high‐elevation (>4500 m) regions. Our results not only highlight the superiority of GPM to TRMM in southern Tibetan Plateau region but also recommend that further improvement on the rainfall retrieval algorithm is needed by considering topographical influences for both GPM and TRMM rainfall products.