bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Niewolnictwo w późnym Cesarstwie Rzymskim
Authors: Olszaniec Szymon 
Published: October 2024

W artykule przedstawiono główne wątki dyskusji naukowej o niewolnictwie w okresie późnego Cesarstwa Rzymskiego. Podjęto temat liczebności niewolników oraz sposobów zdobywania nowych. Niewolników pozyskiwano z zewnątrz cesarstwa, a także poprzez zniewolenie nowych osób na jego terenie. Z zasady niewolnikami były dzieci niewolnych rodziców. Bieda i popadnięcie w długi niekiedy również skutkowały wprowadzeniem w stan niewolny: sprzedawano siebie i osoby bliskie (szczególnie dzieci). Zniewalano także porzucone dzieci. W materiałach źródłowych niewolnicy są przedstawiani głównie jako wykonawcy prac domowych, w przypadku majątków wiejskich często jako administratorzy (procuratores i actores). W końcowej części artykułu przedstawiono najważniejsze zadania niewolnych administratorów majątków ziemskich.
Konfessionszwang und Kirchenzucht nach dem Augsburger Religionsfrieden von 1555
Authors: Wüst Wolfgang 
Published: October 2024

Die Religionsfreiheit nach dem Augsburger Frieden von 1555 war an den sozialen Status geknüpft und konnte vor allem von Eliten genossen werden, denen die Teilnahme an Reichstagssitzungen gestattet war. Freiheit war im Alltag der Frühen Neuzeit – als der Prozess der Konfessionalisierung für die meisten Menschen von großer Bedeutung war – verknüpft mit kirchlicher Tradition und religiöser Ausgestaltung. Ungezählte Kirchen-, Gerichts- und Policeyordnungen ließen vom 16. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert nur selten Glaubensoptionen zu. „Ordnung“ bedeutete meist, sich der einzig „seligmachenden“ Religion anzuschließen, die als „rechter“ Glaube propagiert wurde. Das Privileg, unter Konfessionen zu wählen, blieb für Gläubige die Ausnahme von der Regel.
Tätigkeit des deutschen Kinderarztes Josef Ströder im besetzten Krakau
Authors: Hapanowicz Piotr 
Published: October 2024

Josef Ströder (1912–1993) war ein Arzt aus Berufung, ein hervorragender Kinderarzt, ein Mann von großem Wissen und ein Humanist. Von 1942 bis 1944 war er kommissarischer Verwalter der Universitätskinderklinik in Krakau und der Kinderkrankenhäuser in dieser Stadt. Ströders Haltung, ein ehrlicher Mensch und Arzt, war von Erfolg gekrönt, denn er rettete Hunderte von Kindern vor dem Tod. Bei seinen polnischen Kollegen und Patienten blieb er in guter Erinnerung. Nach dem Krieg setzte er seine medizinische und wissenschaftliche Tätigkeit in Würzburg erfolgreich fort.
Comprehensive epidemiological assessment of trauma incidents at a level I trauma center
Authors: Su Zhao-Yin , Wei Hui , Wang Wei-Ning , Lin Yi-Feng , He Yu-Li , Liu Yao , Lin Ru-Bing , Liu Ya-Tao , Michael Nerich 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
The continuous development of social and economic progress and ongoing enhancement of infrastructure construction has led to drastic changes in the occurrence of trauma.
AIM
To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of trauma in Lanzhou City to provide theoretical references for improving quality of trauma care.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 16585 trauma patients treated at the First Hospital of Lanzhou University Trauma Center from November 1, 2021 to October 31, 2023 was conducted. Data including age, sex, time of trauma, cause of trauma, and major injured body parts were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 18235 patients were admitted, with complete data for 16585 cases. Of these, 9793 were male and 6792 were female (male-to-female ratio of 1.44:1). The peak times for trauma occurrence were 10 AM-12 PM and 6-10 PM, and the peak months were from May to October. The leading causes of trauma were falls (45.32%), other trauma (15.88%), road traffic accidents (15.15%), violence (10.82%), cutting/stabbing (9.41%), mechanical injuries (2.65%), winter sports injuries (0.36%), animal bites (0.22%), burns (0.09%), and electrical injuries (0.02%). The distribution of majorly injured body parts showed statistical significance, with limbs/skin being the most affected followed by the head/neck, chest/abdomen, and back.
CONCLUSION
Medical institutions and government agencies can implement preventive measures and policies based on the characteristics of trauma determined in this study to enhance the quality and level of trauma care.
Cat scratch disease in children with nocturnal fever: A case report
Authors: Yin Qi-Ling , Liu You-Qiong , Zhang Hui-Min , Zhang Ya-Le , Qi Shu-Min , Wen Jin-Quan , Zhang Wei-Hua 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Cat scratch disease (CSD) is the most common human infection caused by Bartonella henselae (B. henselae ). The main manifestation is self-limited lymphadenopathy that primarily affects adolescents, and typically resolves without treatment within 2-4 months. However, individuals with compromised immune systems or immunodeficiency require specific antibacterial therapy following diagnosis. Due to its low incidence, nonspecific clinical manifestations, and diagnostic limitations, this condition often poses challenges for clinicians in terms of missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses.
CASE SUMMARY
The child was ultimately diagnosed with CSD. The primary manifestations included nocturnal fever, enlargement of lymph nodes in the neck, axilla and groin, and suspected brucellosis; however, both brucellosis tests conducted during the course of the illness yielded negative results. Bone marrow cytology indicated stimulated proliferation. Lymph node biopsy indicated hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue in the cervical lymph nodes (right), with combined immunohistochemical findings indicating reactive hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed CD20 B (+), CD3 T (+), BCL-6 (+), and BCL-2 (). CD21 FDC networks were present and Ki67 expression in the germinal center was ~80%. Blood next-generation sequencing indicated B. henselae sequence number was 3. Serological test results demonstrated positive antibody response to B. henselae IgG (+), B. henselae IgM (+), Bartonella quintana (B. quintana ) IgG () and B. quintana IgM (), and the final diagnosis was CSD.
CONCLUSION
In patients presenting with fever at night and swollen lymph nodes of unknown origin, CSD should be considered.
Improving communication during damage control surgery: a survey of adult major trauma centres in England
Authors: Patton EN , Lisagors I , Tyrrell-Marsh I , Agarwal S , Wee LV , Darwish A , Smith SR 
Published: October 2024

Introduction Deficiencies in non-technical skills can severely impede the functioning of teams in high-intensity scenarios, such as in damage control surgery for the critically injured trauma patient. Truncated preoperative checklists, modified from the standard World Health Organization preoperative checklist, and situational reporting at intervals during surgery are long-established practices in the military, and are recommended in the National Health Service guidelines on major incidents. These tools allow the multiprofessional team to create a shared mental model of the anaesthetic and operative plan, thereby improving team efficiency. Our aim was to establish whether adult major trauma centres in England are using truncated preoperative checklists and situational reporting for damage control surgery. Methods An online survey was devised and distributed via the national programme of care for trauma in November 2020. Results Responses were received from all 23 adult major trauma centres in England. Nine centres (39.1%) reported using a truncated preoperative checklist for damage control surgery albeit in a variety of formats. Common components were blood products received and/or available, presence of allergies, tranexamic acid and antibiotic administration, availability of viscoelastic tests, equipment required, availability of cell saver, role allocation and reference to other personnel needed, and discussion of the plan. Twelve centres (52.2%) have formal policies in place for situational reporting. Again, these were in multiple formats but all focused on patient physiology to direct surgical planning. Conclusions We have identified key components to advanced communication aids for damage control surgery, providing a foundation on which other major trauma centres can build their own versions of these potentially lifesaving tools.
Could resistance training prevent or improve work-related musculoskeletal disorders among surgeons?
Authors: Vijay A , Brennan PA , Fagbohun M , Oeppen RS , Parry D 
Published: October 2024

Studies have demonstrated the negative impact that work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have on surgeons. These are also likely to affect some allied healthcare professionals such as interventional radiologists. Problems from WMSDs include pain, diminished technical and cognitive performance, and work absence. These could contribute to burnout, to which surgeons are already vulnerable owing to other working practices such as shift patterns and long hours. WMSDs could negatively affect working performance, and lead to poorer surgical outcomes and patient care. Surgeons are at risk of WMSDs of the neck and back that result from fixed and damaging postures while operating. Some have reduced their operation numbers and working days as result of WMSDs. Theatre ergonomics (e.g. table positioning, operating stools and monitors), intraoperative breaks and stretching may improve WMSDs for some. Strength/resistance training (RT) may be used to prevent or mitigate WMSDs. RT can also enhance general health and concentration, and combat intraoperative fatigue. Low engagement times of moderate-intensity RT of 20 minutes, twice a week, improve neck and back pain from WMSDs. Moreover, RT has been shown to reduce all-cause mortality by up to 15%, increase bone density, improve proprioception and reduce the fear of movement due to pain. Alongside ergonomic improvement and stretching, we recommend RT as an activity to improve general health and WMSDs.
Ghrelin is involved in regulating the progression of Echinococcus Granulosus-infected liver lesions through suppression of immunoinflammation and fibrosis
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Zhao Hongqiong , Aierken Aili , Zhou Tanfang , Menggen Meng , Gao Huijing , He Rongdong , Aimulajiang Kalibixiati , Wen Hao 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundCysticEchinococcosis(CE) is a zoonotic disease causing fibrosis and necrosis of diseased livers caused by infection withEchinococcus granulosus(E.g). There is evidence thatE.gis susceptible to immune escape and tolerance when host expression of immunoinflammation and fibrosis is suppressed, accelerating the progression of CE. Ghrelin has the effect of suppressing immunoinflammation and fibrosis, and whether it is involved in regulating the progression ofE.g-infected liver lesions is not clear.MethodsSerum and hepatic Ghrelin levels were observed inE.g-infected mice (4, 12 and 36 weeks) and compared with healthy control groups. Co-localization analysis is performed between protein expression of Ghrelin in and around the hepatic lesions ofE.g-infected 12-week mice and protein expression of different hepatic histiocytes by mIHC. HepG2 cells and protoscoleces (PSCs) protein were co-cultured in vitro, as well as PSCs were alone in vitro, followed by exogenously administered of Ghrelin and its receptor blocker, [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, to assess their regulatory effects on immunoinflammation, fibrosis and survival rate of PSCs.ResultsSerum Ghrelin levels were increased inE.g-infected 4- and 12-week mice, and reduced in 36-week mice.E.g-infected mice consistently recruited Ghrelin in and around the hepatic lesions, which was extremely strongly co-localized with the protein expression of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), T cells and the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. The secretion of Ghrelin was increased with increasing concentrations of PSCs protein in HepG2 cells culture medium. Moreover, Ghrelin could significantly inhibit the secretion of IL-2, INF-γ and TNF-α, as well as the expression of Myd88/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway protein, and promoted the secretion of IL-4 and IL-10. Blocking Ghrelin receptor could significantly inhibit PSCs growth inin vitroexperiment.ConclusionGhrelin is highly expressed in the early stages of hepaticE.ginfection and may be involved in regulating the progression of liver lesions by suppression immunoinflammation and fibrosis.
Development and validation of a cardiovascular risk prediction model for Sri Lankans using machine learning
Authors: Mettananda Chamila , Sanjeewa Isuru , Benthota Arachchi Tinul , Wijesooriya Avishka , Chandrasena Chiranjaya , Weerasinghe Tolani , Solangaarachchige Maheeka , Ranasinghe Achila , Elpitiya Isuru , Sammandapperuma Rashmi , Kurukulasooriya Sujeewani , Ranawaka Udaya , Pathmeswaran Arunasalam , Kasturiratne Anuradhini , Kato Nei , Wickramasinghe Rajitha , Haddela Prasanna , de Silva Janaka 
Published: October 2024

Introduction and objectives
Sri Lankans do not have a specific cardiovascular (CV) risk prediction model and therefore, World Health Organization(WHO) risk charts developed for the Southeast Asia Region are being used. We aimed to develop a CV risk prediction model specific for Sri Lankans using machine learning (ML) of data of a population-based, randomly selected cohort of Sri Lankans followed up for 10 years and to validate it in an external cohort.

Material and methods
The cohort consisted of 2596 individuals between 40–65 years of age in 2007, who were followed up for 10 years. Of them, 179 developed hard CV diseases (CVD) by 2017. We developed three CV risk prediction models named model 1, 2 and 3 using ML. We compared predictive performances between models and the WHO risk charts using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). The most predictive and practical model for use in primary care, model 3 was named “SLCVD score” which used age, sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total cholesterol level in the calculation. We developed an online platform to calculate the SLCVD score. Predictions of SLCVD score were validated in an external hospital-based cohort.

Results
Model 1, 2, SLCVD score and the WHO risk charts predicted 173, 162, 169 and 10 of 179 observed events and the area under the ROC (AUC) were 0.98, 0.98, 0.98 and 0.52 respectively. During external validation, the SLCVD score and WHO risk charts predicted 56 and 18 respectively of 119 total events and AUCs were 0.64 and 0.54 respectively.

Conclusions
SLCVD score is the first and only CV risk prediction model specific for Sri Lankans. It predicts the 10-year risk of developing a hard CVD in Sri Lankans. SLCVD score was more effective in predicting Sri Lankans at high CV risk than WHO risk charts.
The use of dance to improve the health and wellbeing of older adults: A global scoping review of research trials
Authors: Waugh Martha , Youdan Gregory , Casale Courtney , Balaban Rachel , Cross Emily S. , Merom Dafna 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundDance is a promising health resource for older adults, but empirical evidence remains inconsistent. The lack of synthesised evidence regarding program design, dose, and delivery limits understanding of factors influencing participation and health outcomes. This scoping review aimed to map the scope, range, and effectiveness of dance programs for older people, and identify gaps and opportunities for future research and practice.MethodsSearches across five databases (September 2023) identified 148 studies evaluating 116 dance programs (≥4 weeks) for older adults (≥55 years, N = 8060), Dance interventions delivered to clinical groups were excluded. Intervention design and delivery were charted against the TIDieR reporting checklist. Program outcomes including adherence, safety, and positive tests were charted into established taxonomies.ResultsDemographic information, program details, and implementation were often insufficiently reported. Participant groups differed by age range, with underserved communities underrepresented. Programs varied extensively in key factors including dose, prospective ‘active ingredients’, delivery approach, facilitator expertise, and class size. While dance was physically safe, adherence rates in older adults are comparable to other community exercise programs. Less than 40% of health assessments showed positive change, with more consistent benefits to physical endurance, strength, and function, moderate impacts on psychosocial health, and limited benefits to cognitive and brain health, and falls and falls risk.ConclusionDance is a meaningful, safe, adaptable, and low-cost health resource for older adults. Key opportunities for advancing research include improved access for underserved groups, program suitability assessments, strategies to support adherence and engagement including theory-informed approaches, and incorporation of participant and practitioner insights. Identification of key ’active ingredients’ and dance program factors may improve understanding of causal pathways and mechanisms to optimise engagement and health impacts. Stronger reporting practices will facilitate comparisons across studies and more robust evidence synthesis. This review provides a critical knowledge foundation to guide future approaches in dance for health and offers reporting recommendations.
Cardiovascular responses to heat and cold exposure are altered by preterm birth in guinea pigs
Authors: Sixtus Ryan Phillip , Gray Clint , Barnes Heather , Paterson Emily Sarah Jane , Berry Mary Judith , Dyson Rebecca Maree 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdversity early in life can modify the trajectory for disease risk extending decades beyond the event. Preterm birth produces persistent cardiovascular alterations that may appear maladaptive in adulthood. We have previously hypothesized that those born preterm may exhibit cardiovascular vulnerability in the climate change context. Further, this vulnerability may be present as early as childhood. We aimed to identify the early signs of cardiovascular dysfunction at childhood‐equivalent age using our animal model of preterm birth. Using a whole‐body thermal stress test, guinea pigs aged 35‐d and 38‐d (equivalent to 8–10‐year‐old children) and born at term or preterm gestations were exposed to progressive hyper‐ (TC = 41.5°C) and hypo‐thermia (TC = 34°C; normothermia TC = 39°C). Comprehensive cardiovascular monitoring included ECG, blood pressure, microvascular perfusion, blood gas, and catecholamine profile, as well as skin and core body temperature. Preterm‐born animals exhibited attenuated vascular responses to hyperthermic stress, and a significant elevation in systolic blood pressure in response to hypothermic stress. Such responses are similar to those observed in elderly populations and indicate the presence of cardiovascular dysfunction. This is the first study to demonstrate the impact of preterm birth on the cardiovascular response to both heat and cold stress. Further, this dysfunction has been observed at an earlier age than that achievable using traditional stress testing techniques. The present findings warrant further investigation.
Definite four-manifolds with exotic smooth structures
Authors: Stipsicz András I. , Szabó Zoltán 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study smooth structures on closed, oriented four-manifolds with fundamental group

Z
/
2

⁢
Z

\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}

and definite intersection form.
We construct infinitely many irreducible, oriented, closed, definite, smooth four-manifolds with

π
1

=

Z
/
2

⁢
Z

\pi_{1}=\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}

and

b
2

=
1

b_{2}=1

, and

b
2

=
2

b_{2}=2

.
As an application, we prove that, when the second Betti number

b
2

b_{2}

of a definite four-manifold with

π
1

=

Z
/
2

⁢
Z

\pi_{1}=\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}

is positive and it admits a smooth structure, then it admits infinitely many smooth structures.
Thalassokratie, ein Leitprinzip byzantinischer Machtpolitik (6.–11. Jahrhundert)
Authors: Kislinger Ewald 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For centuries the Byzantine empire was confronted not only with terrestrial attacks, but had to defend its territories also against enemies advancing from the sea. A central fleet with the dromon as standard type was created, based at Constantinople with its strong defences and excellent harbours, supported later by smaller provincial units. The present study depicts the development during the half millenium, when Byzantium ruled the seas (thalassocracy) and/or tried to defend its supremacy, especially against the Arabs. Due to the lack of further hostile challenge the whole system crumbled during the eleventh century and the imperial navy later on never regained its maritime strength. Especially Venice, a former outpost of Byzantium, filled the gap, successfully combining economic interests with naval strength.
Phase and microstructural characterization of swat soapstone (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2)
Authors: Ali Sajjad , Ahmad Salar , Iqbal Asif , Ullah Rizwan , Ali Ali Hasan , Ullah Ikram , Alam Mohammad Mahtab 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the comprehensive exploration of Swat soapstone, employing a range of analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. XRD was used to identify the phase and lattice parameters of the soapstone. SEM further scrutinizes the dispersed soapstone particles, revealing different structural characteristics such as a slightly elongated, cubic-like structure, a straight rod-like formation, and a rough, textured surface. EDX spectroscopy was utilized for studying the elemental composition of the soapstone. The analysis identifies talc as the primary mineral in Swat soapstone, with iron, an element, also contributing notably to its composition. This underscores the complexity of Swat soapstone’s internal structure. XRF analysis further contributes to the elemental characterization, revealing a dominant composition of silicon (Si) at 48.567 wt% and a notable contribution from iron (Fe) at 16.108 wt%. FTIR analysis confirmed the absorption of infrared radiation at the non-bridging oxygen (Si–O–) within the silicate network and the Si–O–Si bending vibration. This work investigates the chemical and morphological details of the Swat soapstone.
Erschwerte Trauer unter Pandemie-Bedingungen?
Authors: Schmid Fran , Büssing Arndt , Baumann Klaus 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: In der Corona-Pandemie war das Abschiednehmen von Sterbenden erschwert oder sogar nicht möglich. Wie wurden die Situation und Bedarfe von Trauernden und die Handlungsmöglichkeiten, darauf einzugehen, im medizinischen, psychologischen und theologischen Wissenschaftsdiskurs eingeschätzt?

Methoden: Ein Scoping Review, durchgeführt im Rahmen ihrer theologischen Abschlussarbeit von Fran Schmid, widmete sich der Frage, welche wissenschaftlich begründeten Handlungsempfehlungen zwischen März 2020 und März 2021 in Psychologie und Theologie international für die Verbesserung der Situation von Trauernden während der Coronapandemie gegeben wurden. 688 Artikel wurden in fünf Datenbanken gesichtet, 12 in das Review eingeschlossen.

Ergebnisse: 113 Handlungsempfehlungen lassen sich gruppieren in eine persönliche Ebene (16), eine institutionelle Ebene (76), eine systemische Ebene (21). Identifiziert wurden die thematischen Kategorien Kommunikation, Selbsthilfestrategien, Verbindung zwischen Zugehörigen und Sterbenden/Verstorbenen, Beratung und Informationen, Angebote und Ressourcen, Risikofaktoren, Interdisziplinäre Vernetzung, Rituale und Feiern, Modelle und Strategien. Vier Gruppen von Handlungssubjekten wurden unterschieden: Trauernde und ihr soziales Umfeld; Freiwillige und Berufsgruppen mit Kontakt zu Trauernden; Institutionen im Gesundheitswesen; Unternehmen und Staaten.

Ausblick: Spiritual Care kann Trauernden Verschiedenes bieten: direkte Begegnung, Bildungs- und Unterstützungsangebote für das soziale Umfeld, eine Verbesserung institutioneller Abläufe, Prävention- und Unterstützungsangeboten auf Ebene des Gesundheitswesens. Weitere Entwicklung verdient das Thema der interdisziplinären Vernetzung.