bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal edema in four horses treated with a superficial keratectomy and Gundersen inlay flap
Authors: Scherrer Nicole M. , Lassaline Mary , Miller William W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of four horses with severe corneal edema caused by suspected endothelial disease treated with a superficial keratectomy and Gundersen inlay flap and to determine whether this procedure (i) reduces corneal edema, (ii) reduces ocular pain, (iii) eliminates recurrent corneal ulceration, and (iv) improves vision in these horses.Animals studiedFour horses met inclusion criterion of (i) diagnosis with endothelial disease by a board‐certified veterinary ophthalmologist and (ii) surgical treatment with a superficial keratectomy and Gundersen inlay flap.ProcedureRetrospective medical record review of included horses was used to determine breed, age and sex of included horses, as well as details of medical and surgical therapy, and visual outcome.ResultsFour horses were presented with a complaint of focal corneal edema that progressed to diffuse corneal edema. Epithelial bullae and ulceration were present in all cases. The disease process was unresponsive to standard medical treatment with a hyperosmotic agent and topical and systemic anti‐inflammatories. However, treatment with a superficial keratectomy and Gundersen inlay flap performed under general anesthesia was associated with (i) a significant decrease in corneal edema, (ii) increased comfort, (iii) elimination of corneal ulceration, and (iv) retention of vision postoperatively with little to no need for medical therapy. Follow‐up time was 15, 12, 6, and 3 months.ConclusionsThe superficial keratectomy and Gundersen inlay flap may provide a surgical alternative to chronic medical treatment of severe corneal edema in horses.
Uveal cysts in domestic cats: a retrospective evaluation of thirty‐six cases
Authors: Blacklock Benjamin T. , Grundon Rachael A. , Meehan Melissa , Tetas Pont Roser , Hartley Claudia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this retrospective study was to investigate uveal cysts in domestic cats by identifying prevalence, predispositions, location, presumed etiologies, and sequelae.Animals studiedThe clinical databases of two referral hospitals (The Animal Health Trust in theUKand Animal Eye Care in Australia) were searched to identify cats that had been diagnosed with uveal cysts, either as an incidental finding or as the reason for referral. Thirty‐six cases were found.ProceduresThe signalment of the patients was recorded, along with any relevant previous clinical history, treatment, follow‐up, and sequela. The data were compared with the unaffected feline populations examined by ophthalmologists in the two hospitals over the same 10‐year time period.ResultsThirty‐six cats were affected, from a total examined population of 5017 (prevalence 0.72%). Twenty‐one of the 36 cats were Burmese. The two centers examined 516 Burmese cats in the same time period, giving an incidence in Burmese cats of 4.1%. The mean age of affected cats at presentation was 10.25 years (SD= 4.12 years), and female cats accounted for 23 of 36 of the cases. Only 2 of 36 cats had concurrent intraocular disease.ConclusionsUveal cysts in domestic cats are rare ophthalmic findings, and in most cases, they do not cause any clinical problems The Burmese breed is overrepresented in the data, with a relatively high prevalence of uveal cysts.
Assessment of a smartphone‐based camera for fundus imaging in animals
Authors: Balland Olivier , Russo Andrea , Isard Pierre‐François , Mathieson Iona , Semeraro Francesco , Dulaurent Thomas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the use of an optical device (D‐EYE; Si14 S.p.A.) attached to a modern smartphone (iPhone 5; Apple Inc.) for imaging the fundus in small animals.Animals studiedFive dogs, five cats, and five rabbits with clear media were imaged using a prototype of the D‐EYE.ProcedureThe optical device was composed of lenses, polarizing filters, a beam splitter, a diaphragm, and mirrors, attached to a smartphone via a metal shell. Images were obtained 20 min after pupil dilation with topical 0.5% tropicamide in a darkened room, to ensure maximum pupillary dilation. Focus was set to the infinite when the autofocus was overwhelmed. Light intensity was adapted to each animal via the application (minimum light intensity for imaging the tapetal region, maximum light intensity for imaging the nontapetal region). Both still images and video sequences were recorded for each animal.ResultsPosterior segment structures were visible in all animals: optic nerve head, tapetum lucidum (when present), nontapetal region, retinal vessels, and choroidal vessels (when the retinal pigment epithelium and the choroidal pigmentation were discreet). Focal light artifacts were common when photographing the tapetum lucidum. Recording videos allowed the visualization of dynamic phenomena.ConclusionsThe D‐EYE assessed appears to be an easy means of obtaining images of the posterior segment structures.
Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis E in Selected Population Groups in Croatia: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Vilibic‐Cavlek T. , Vilibic M. , Kolaric B. , Jemersic L. , Kucinar J. , Barbic L. , Bagaric A. , Stevanovic V. , Tabain I. , Sviben M. , Jukic V. , Mlinaric‐Galinovic G. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryHepatitis E has become an emerging infection in many European countries. We analysed the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in selected population groups in Croatia. Overall HEV IgG seropositivity was 5.6%, while 1.9% participants showed IgM antibodies suggestive of recent infection. No IgM‐positive sample was positive for HEV RNA. HEV IgG antibodies were most prevalent in alcohol abusers (8.9%) and war veterans (8.6%), compared with 6.1% among injecting drug users and 2.7% in healthcare professionals. No individual with high‐risk sexual behaviour tested HEV seropositive. HEV IgG positivity increased significantly with age from 1.8% to 2.3% in individuals younger than 40 years to 11.3% in individuals older than 50 years (P = 0.023). The mean age of HEV‐positive participants was significantly higher than that of HEV‐negative participants (50.9 ± 11.8 years versus 41.2 ± 11.8 years, P = 0.008). Seroprevalence rates were significantly higher in residents of suburban and rural areas compared with residents of urban areas (14.5% versus 2.5%, P = 0.003). Additionally, an increasing prevalence of HEV IgG antibodies was observed from 1.8% in participants living in families with two household members to 12.1% in those living with more than four members (P = 0.046). Gender, marital status, educational level, sexual orientation, source of drinking water, history of blood transfusions, surgical procedures, tattooing and travelling were not associated with HEV seroprevalence. Logistic regression showed that living in suburban/rural areas was the main risk factor for HEV seropositivity (OR = 6.67; 95%CI = 1.89–25.0; AOR = 7.14, 95%CI = 1.89–25.0).
The molecular actions of oestrogen in the regulation of vascular health
Authors: Usselman Charlotte W. , Stachenfeld Nina S. , Bender Jeffrey R. 
Published: January 2016

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
This review summarizes the beneficial actions of oestrogen on the vasculature, highlighting both molecular mechanisms and functional outcomes.

What advances does it highlight?
The net effect of oestrogen on the vascular health of women continues to be debated. Recent advances have provided strong evidence for the role of membrane‐bound oestrogen receptors in the maintenance of normal endothelial function. On a broader scale, functional outcomes of oestrogen actions on the vasculature may mediate the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women.

The conflicting implications of the large‐scale clinical menopausal hormone therapy trials in humans versus the findings of studies on experimental animals underscore the limitations within our understanding of the molecular actions of oestrogen. However, recent research has provided improved insight into the actions of oestrogen on the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. This review outlines the actions of oestrogen as it contributes to vascular structure, function and health.
The Effect of Cycling Intensity on Cycling Economy During Seated and Standing Cycling
Authors: Arkesteijn Marco , Jobson Simon , Hopker James , Passfield Louis 
Published: January 2016

Background:Previous research has shown that cycling in a standing position reduces cycling economy compared with seated cycling. It is unknown whether the cycling intensity moderates the reduction in cycling economy while standing.Purpose:The aim was to determine whether the negative effect of standing on cycling economy would be decreased at a higher intensity.Methods:Ten cyclists cycled in 8 different conditions. Each condition was either at an intensity of 50% or 70% of maximal aerobic power at a gradient of 4% or 8% and in the seated or standing cycling position. Cycling economy and muscle activation level of 8 leg muscles were recorded.Results:There was an interaction between cycling intensity and position for cycling economy (P = .03), the overall activation of the leg muscles (P = .02), and the activation of the lower leg muscles (P = .05). The interaction showed decreased cycling economy when standing compared with seated cycling, but the difference was reduced at higher intensity. The overall activation of the leg muscles and the lower leg muscles, respectively, increased and decreased, but the differences between standing and seated cycling were reduced at higher intensity.Conclusions:Cycling economy was lower during standing cycling than seated cycling, but the difference in economy diminishes when cycling intensity increases. Activation of the lower leg muscles did not explain the lower cycling economy while standing. The increased overall activation, therefore, suggests that increased activation of the upper leg muscles explains part of the lower cycling economy while standing.
Selective Effects of Training Against Weight and Inertia on Muscle Mechanical Properties
Authors: Djuric Sasa , Cuk Ivan , Sreckovic Sreten , Mirkov Dragan , Nedeljkovic Aleksandar , Jaric Slobodan 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:To explore the effects of training against mechanically different types of loads on muscle force (F), velocity (V), and power (P) outputs.Methods:Subjects practiced maximum bench throws over 8 wk against a bar predominantly loaded by approximately constant external force (weight), weight plates (weight plus inertia), or weight plates whose weight was compensated by a constant external force pulling upward (inertia). Instead of a typically applied single trial performed against a selected load, the pretest and posttest consisted of the same task performed against 8 different loads ranging from 30% to 79% of the subject’s maximum strength applied by adding weight plates to the bar. That provided a range of F and V data for subsequent modeling by linear F–V regression revealing the maximum F (F-intercept), V (V-intercept), and P (P = FV/4).Results:Although all 3 training conditions resulted in increased P, the inertia type of the training load could be somewhat more effective than weight. An even more important finding was that the P increase could be almost exclusively based on a gain in F, V, or both when weight, inertia, or weight-plus-inertia training load were applied, respectively.Conclusions:The inertia training load is more effective than weight in increasing P and weight and inertia may be applied for selective gains in F and V, respectively, whereas the linear F–V model obtained from loaded trials could be used for discerning among muscle F, V, and P.
Effects of Long-Haul Transmeridian Travel on Subjective Jet-Lag and Self-Reported Sleep and Upper Respiratory Symptoms in Professional Rugby League Players
Authors: Fowler Peter M. , Duffield Rob , Lu Donna , Hickmans Jeremy A. , Scott Tannath J. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:To examine the effects of 24-h travel west across 11 time zones on subjective jet-lag and wellness responses together with self-reported sleep and upper respiratory symptoms in 18 professional rugby league players.Methods:Measures were obtained 1 or 2 d before (pretravel) and 2, 6, and 8 d after travel (post-2, post-6, and post-8) from Australia to the United Kingdom (UK) for the 2015 World Club Series.Results:Compared with pretravel, subjective jet-lag remained significantly elevated on post-8 (3.1 ± 2.3, P < .05, d > 0.90), although it was greatest on post-2 (4.1 ± 1.4). Self-reported sleep-onset times were significantly earlier on post-2 than at all other time points (P < .05, d > 0.90), and large effect sizes suggested that wake times were earlier on post-2 than on post-6 and post-8 (d > 0.90). Although significantly more upper respiratory symptoms were reported on post-6 than at pretravel (P < .05, d ˃ 0.90), no incidence of injury and negligible changes in wellness and muscle strength and range of motion (P > .05, d < 0.90) were evident after travel.Conclusions:Results suggest that westward long-haul travel between Australia and the UK exacerbates subjective jet-lag and sleep responses, along with upper respiratory symptoms, in professional rugby league players. Of note, the increase in self-reported upper respiratory symptoms is a reminder that the demands of long-haul travel may be an additional concern in jet-lag for traveling athletes. However, due to the lack of sport-specific performance measures, it is still unclear whether international travel interferes with training to the extent that subsequent competition performance is impaired.
Impairment of Sprint Mechanical Properties in an Actual Soccer Match: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nagahara Ryu , Morin Jean-Benoit , Koido Masaaki 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:To assess soccer-specific impairment of mechanical properties in accelerated sprinting and its relation with activity profiles during an actual match.Methods:Thirteen male field players completed 4 sprint measurements, wherein running speed was obtained using a laser distance-measurement system, before and after the 2 halves of 2 soccer matches. Macroscopic mechanical properties (theoretical maximal horizontal force [F0], maximal horizontal sprinting power [Pmax], and theoretical maximal sprinting velocity [V0]) during the 35-m sprint acceleration were calculated from speed–time data. Players’ activity profiles during the matches were collected using global positioning system units.Results:After the match, although F0 and Pmax did not significantly change, V0 was reduced (P = .038), and the magnitude of this reduction correlated with distance (positive) and number (negative) of high-speed running, number of running (negative), and other low-intensity activity distance (negative) during the match. Moreover, Pmax decreased immediately before the second half (P = .014).Conclusions:The results suggest that soccer-specific fatigue probably impairs players’ maximal velocity capabilities more than their maximal horizontal force-production abilities at initial acceleration. Furthermore, long-distance running, especially at high speed, during the match may induce relatively large impairment of maximal velocity capabilities. In addition, the capability of producing maximal horizontal power during sprinting is presumably impaired during halftime of a soccer match with passive recovery. These findings could be useful for players and coaches aiming to train effectively to maintain sprinting performance throughout a soccer match when planning a training program.
The Work Endurance Recovery Method for Quantifying Training Loads in Judo
Authors: Morales Jose , Franchini Emerson , Garcia-Massó Xavier , Solana-Tramunt Mónica , Buscà Bernat , González Luis-Millán 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:To adapt the work endurance recovery (WER) method based on randori maximal time to exhaustion (RMTE) for combat situations in judo.Methods:Eleven international-standard judo athletes (7 men and 4 women; mean age 20.73 ± 2.49 y, height 1.72 ± 0.11 m, body mass 67.36 ± 10.67 kg) were recruited to take part in the study. All participants performed a maximal incremental test (MIT), a Wingate test (WIN), a Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT), and 2 RMTE tests. They then took part in a session at an international training camp in Barcelona, Spain, in which 4 methods of load quantification were implemented: the WER method, the Stagno method, the Lucia method, and the session rating of perceived exertion (RPEsession).Results:RMTE demonstrated a very high test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .91), and correlations of the performance tests ranged from moderate to high: RMTE and MIT (r = .66), RMTE and WIN variables (r = .38–.53), RMTE and SJFT variables (r = .74–.77). The correlation between the WER method, which considers time to exhaustion, and the other systems for quantifying training load was high: WER and RPEsession (r = .87), WER and Stagno (r = .77), WER and Lucia (r = .73). A comparative repeated-measures analysis of variance of the normalized values of the quantification did not yield statistically significant differences.Conclusions:The WER method using RMTE is highly adaptable to quantify randori judo sessions and enables one to plan a priori individualized training loads.
Lack of Effect of Ankle Position During the Nordic Curl on Muscle Activity of the Biceps Femoris and Medial Gastrocnemius
Authors: Comfort Paul , Regan Amy , Herrington Lee , Thomas Chris , McMahon John , Jones Paul 
Published: January 2016

Context:Regular performance (~2×/wk) of Nordic curls has been shown to increase hamstring strength and reduce the risk of hamstring strain injury, although no consensus on ankle position has been provided.Objective:To compare the effects of performing Nordic curls, with the ankle in a dorsiflexed (DF) or plantar-flexed (PF) position, on muscle activity of the biceps femoris (BF) and medial gastrocnemius (MG).Participants:15 male college athletes (age 22.6 ± 2.1 y, height 1.78 ± 0.06 m, body mass 88.75 ± 8.95 kg).Design:A repeated-measures design was used, with participants performing 2 sets of 3 repetitions of both variations of Nordic curls, while muscle activity was assessed via surface electromyography (EMG) of the BF and MG. Comparisons of muscle activity were made by examining the normalized EMG data as the percentage of their maximum voluntary isometric contraction.Results:Paired-samples t test revealed no significant difference in normalized muscle activity of the BF (124.5% ± 6.2% vs 128.1 ± 5.0%, P > .05, Cohen d = 0.64, power = .996) or MG (82.1% ± 3.9% vs 83.5 ± 4.8%, P > .05, Cohen d = 0.32, power = .947) during the Nordic curls in a PF or DF position, respectively.Conclusion:Ankle position does not influence muscle activity during the Nordic curl; however, performance of Nordic curls with the ankle in a DF position may be preferential, as this replicates the ankle position during terminal leg swing during running, which tends to be the point at which hamstring strains have been reported.
Prevalence of clinically elevated depressive symptoms in college athletes and differences by gender and sport
Authors: Wolanin Andrew , Hong Eugene , Marks Donald , Panchoo Kelly , Gross Michael 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThere are approximately 400 000 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student athletes and 5–7 million high school student athletes competing each year. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, the depression prevalence rate for young adults, which ranges from 10% to 85% across studies, is higher than that of other age groups. Given the relatively high prevalence of depression in individuals of collegiate age in the general population, the prevalence of depression among athletes in this age group warrants further study. This multiyear study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms in college athletes, as well as demographic factors related to increased or decreased rates of depressive symptoms by gender and sport.ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of depression symptoms among NCAA division I student athletes at a single institution over 3 consecutive years.MethodParticipants (n=465) completed a battery of measures during their yearly spring sports medicine physical across 3 consecutive years. The battery included the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and a demographic questionnaire, administered during the course of routine sports medicine physical examinations. Differences in depressive symptoms prevalence and relative risk ratios were calculated by gender and sport.ResultsThe prevalence rate for a clinically relevant level of depressive symptoms, as measured on the CES-D (CES-D ≥16), was 23.7%. A moderate to severe level of depressive symptoms was reported by 6.3%. There was a significant gender difference in prevalence of depressive symptoms, χ2(1)=7.459, p=0.006, with female athletes exhibiting 1.844 times the risk of male athletes for endorsing clinically relevant symptoms.ConclusionsThe CES-D identified clinically relevant levels of depressive symptoms in nearly one-quarter of college student athletes in this large cross-sectional sample. Female college athletes reported significantly more depressive symptoms than males. Findings suggest that depression prevalence among college athletes is comparable to that found in the general college population. In light of these findings, sports medicine personnel may wish to implement depression screening and assessment of depressive symptoms across sports to identify at-risk athletes. Risk factors related to depression in college athletes warrant additional study.
Entropy spectrum of the apparent horizon of Vaidya black holes via adiabatic invariance
Authors: Chen Ge-Rui , Huang Yong-Chang 
Published: January 2016

The spectroscopy of the apparent horizon of Vaidya black holes is investigated via adiabatic invariance. We obtain an equally spaced entropy spectrum with its quantum equal to the one given by Bekenstein [J. D. Bekenstein, Phys. Rev. D 7, 2333 (1973)]. We demonstrate that the quantization of entropy and area is a generic property of horizon, not only for stationary black holes, and the results also exit in a dynamical black hole. Our work also shows that the quantization of black hole is closely related to the tunneling formalism for deriving the Hawking effect, which is interesting.
APLICAÇÃO DA FITORREMEDIAÇÃO EM FUNÇÃO DE TIPOLOGIAS DE INFRAESTRUTURA VERDE EM MICROBACIAS URBANAS DA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Pinheiro Maitê Bueno 
Published: January 2016

Este artigo investiga a aplicação da fitorremediação em função de tipologias de Infraestrutura Verde (IV) em microbacias urbanas da cidade de São Paulo. Para esta investigação utilizou-se o reconhecimento das tipologias de Infraestrutura Verde para sua aplicação em uma microbacia densamente urbanizada da cidade, realizado no recente trabalho de Bonzi (2015). Este estudo é parte integrante de pesquisa mestrado em andamento que, em seus resultados preliminares, apresenta a tipologia biovaleta como sendo bastante indicada à tecnologia de fitorremediação. A fitorremediação é uma tecnologia emergente que utiliza os mecanismos naturais das plantas e suas interações com a microbiota associada para a degradação, contenção, imobilização e extração de poluentes orgânicos e inorgânicos, e pode ser aplicada para o tratamento da poluição das águas urbanas em função das tipologias paisagísticas de Infraestrutura Verde. A Infraestrutura Verde é uma rede de áreas paisagisticamente interconectadas que pode ser compreendida como uma ferramenta para o reconhecimento e aproveitamento de serviços ecossistêmicos no ambiente urbano. A IV tem sido considerada na literatura especializada como uma ferramenta capaz de atender às demandas das questões ambientais das cidades, especialmente no que diz respeito ao manejo quantitativo e qualitativo das águas.