bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stressed skin? – a molecular psychosomatic update on stress‐causes and effects in dermatologic diseases
Authors: Peters Eva M.J. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryA pathogenetically relevant link between stress, in terms of psychosocial stress, and disease was first described in the 1970s, when it was proven that viral diseases of mucous membranes (such as rhinovirus and Coxsackie virus infections) develop faster and more severe after stress exposure. Since then, there has been an annual increase in the number of publications which investigate this relationship and break it down to the molecular level. Nevertheless, the evidences for the impact of psychosocial stress on chronic inflammatory skin diseases and skin tumors are hardly known. In the present review, we outline current insights into epidemiology, psychoneuroimmunology, and molecular psychosomatics which demonstrate the manifold disease‐relevant interactions between the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. The focus is on stress‐induced shifts in immune balance in exemplary disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and malignant melanoma. The objective of this article is to convey basic psychosomatic knowledge with respect to etiology, symptomatology, and therapeutic options for chronic skin diseases. Particular attention is directed towards the underlying molecular relationships, both from a somatic to mental as well as a mental to somatic perspective.
Feeding behavior of Simulium vittatum larvae in response to various suspended materials: implications for control using biological larvicides
Authors: Iburg Joseph P. , Gray Elmer W. , Noblet Raymond 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBiologically based larvicides used to suppress nuisance populations of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) require that the larvae ingest the larvicide for mortality to occur. Materials present in the habitat that alter larval feeding behavior may reduce the effectiveness of the larvicide. This study was conducted to determine the effects that commonly occurring materials in larval habitats have on Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt feeding behavior. Larvae were exposed to 50 p.p.m. of kaolinite clay and 4 p.p.m. of purified diatom frustules. Larvae were also exposed to 10 000 cells or colonies per ml of viable green algae, Chlorella vulgaris Pratt and Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp) Bréb, and the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing to determine the effects that these materials have on larval feeding behavior. Individual larvae were recorded using a digital camcorder to determine the average number of times the larvae extended and retracted their cephalic fans per min (flick rate) in each medium. Following exposure to the selected material, neon red particles (NRP) (DayGlo) were added to the larval medium for 20 min. A spectrophotometric analysis was conducted to determine the average quantity of NRP consumed by larvae per min in each medium. The flick rate and quantity of NRP consumed by larvae was not significantly affected by clay material or viable Chlorella cells. When Scenedesmus colonies or Cyclotella cells were present in the larval medium, larval flick rate and NRP ingestion was significantly reduced. The presence of diatom frustules in the medium resulted in the most severe reduction in larval flick rate and NRP ingestion. The results suggest that larval flick rate can change depending on environmental conditions, and that suppression programs using biologically based larvicides may benefit from investigating the potential correlation between algal counts and treatment efficacy.
Autonomy, Vote Buying, and Constraining Options
Authors: Taylor James Stacey 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA common argument used to defend markets in ‘contested commodities’ is based on the value of personal autonomy. (1) Autonomy is of great moral value; (2) removing options from a person's choice set would compromise her ability to exercise her autonomy; (3) hence, there should be a prima facie presumption against removing options from persons’ choice sets; (4) thus, the burden of proof lies with those who wish to prohibit markets in certain goods. Christopher Freiman has developed a version of this argument to defend markets in votes. I argue that Freiman's argument fails, and that its failure illustrates the falsity of the widespread claim that the more options a person has available to her the better able she will be to exercise her autonomy. In Part 1, I outline Freiman's argument from ‘the presumption of voter liberty’ for legalising markets in votes. In Part 2, I argue that the option to sell one's vote in a legal market for them would be a ‘constraining option’ – an option which, if chosen, would be likely to lead to a diminution in a person's future ability to exercise her autonomy. In Part 3, I respond to objections to my arguments.
Effect of lake size, isolation and top predator presence on nested fish community structure
Authors: Braoudakis Georgina V. , Jackson Donald A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimPredator–prey interactions are important determinants of community composition in freshwater habitats but have rarely been examined as a potential cause of nested community structure. In nested communities, species present in small assemblages are proper subsets of those present in larger assemblages. The goal of our study was to determine whether fish communities in the lakes of two regions were significantly nested, and if so, whether lake size, isolation and piscivorous fish (top predator) presence contributed to the nested pattern.LocationWe used fish community data from two regions in Ontario, Canada that differ in terms of range in lake size and lake isolation. The Black and Hollow Rivers and Manitoulin Island data sets contain fish community data from 52 and 49 lakes respectively.MethodsUsing two metrics, we tested whether fish assemblages were significantly nested. We evaluated the impact of lake size, isolation and top predator presence on both lake nested rank order and species richness. We then assessed idiosyncratic species that did not conform to the nested pattern.ResultsFish assemblages in both regions were significantly nested. There was a significant positive correlation between lake size and nestedness of fish assemblages in both data sets. One measure of lake isolation explained some residual variation in species richness in both regions. Top predator presence was a significant predictor of richness of other fishes in one region. Examination of idiosyncratic species suggested that top predators may have affected community structure in both regions.Main conclusionsLake size was the strongest predictor of fish community nestedness in these regions. Although we found mixed results with respect to the effect of top predator presence, our study demonstrates that it can affect assemblage nestedness, and that spatial variables may influence the importance of predation as a causal mechanism.
Coupled extrusion of sub‐arc lithospheric mantle and lower crust during orogen collapse: a case study from Fiordland, New Zealand
Authors: Czertowicz T. A. , Scott J. M. , Piazolo S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Anita Peridotite is a ~20 km long by 1 km wide exhumed fragment of spinel facies sub‐arc lithospheric mantle that is enclosed entirely within the ≤4 km wide ductile Anita Shear Zone, and bounded by quartzofeldspathic lower crustal gneisses in Fiordland, south‐western New Zealand. Deformation textures, grain growth calculations and thermodynamic modelling results indicate the mylonitic peridotite fabric formed during rapid cooling, and therefore likely during extrusion. However, insights into the exhumation process are gained through examination of aluminous garnet‐bearing meta‐sedimentary gneisses also enclosed within the shear zone. P–T calculations indicate that prior to mylonitization the gneisses enclosing the peridotite equilibrated at 675–746 °C in the sillimanite stability field (stage I), before being buried to near the base of thickened arc crust (stage II; ~686 ± 26 °C and 10.7 ± 0.8 kbar). From this point on, the peridotite unit and the quartzofeldspathic rocks share a deformation history involving extensive recrystallization (stage III) within the Anita Shear Zone. Coupled exhumation of these portions of lower crust and upper mantle occurred during regional thinning of over‐thickened lithosphere at c. 104 Ma (U–Pb zircon). Our favoured model for the exhumation process involves heterogeneous transpressive deformation within the translithospheric Anita Shear Zone, which provided a conduit for ductile extrusion through the crust.
The autophagy‐related gene BcATG1 is involved in fungal development and pathogenesis in Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Ren Weichao , Zhang Zhihui , Shao Wenyong , Yang Yalan , Zhou Mingguo , Chen Changjun 
Published: March 2016

SummaryAutophagy, a ubiquitous intracellular degradation process, is conserved from yeasts to humans. It serves as a major survival function during nutrient depletion stress and is crucial for correct growth and differentiation. In this study, we characterized an atg1 orthologue Bcatg1 in the necrotrophic plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) assays showed that the expression of BcATG1 was up‐regulated under carbon or nitrogen starvation conditions. BcATG1 could functionally restore the survival defects of the yeast ATG1 mutant during nitrogen starvation. Deletion of BcATG1 (ΔBcatg1) inhibited autophagosome accumulation in the vacuoles of nitrogen‐starved cells. ΔBcatg1 was dramatically impaired in vegetative growth, conidiation and sclerotial formation. In addition, most conidia of ΔBcatg1 lost the capacity to form the appressorium infection structure and failed to penetrate onion epidermis. Pathogenicity assays showed that the virulence of ΔBcatg1 on different host plant tissues was drastically impaired, which was consistent with its inability to form an appressorium. Moreover, lipid droplet accumulation was significantly reduced in the conidia of ΔBcatg1, but the glycerol content was increased. All of the defects of ΔBcatg1 were complemented by re‐introduction of an intact copy of the wild‐type BcATG1 into the mutant. These results indicate that BcATG1 plays a critical role in numerous developmental processes and is essential to the pathogenesis of B. cinerea.
Successful treatment of recurrent Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis in a renal allograft with tonsillectomy and steroid pulse therapy
Authors: Yamakawa Takafumi , Yamamoto Izumi , Komatsuzaki Yo , Niikura Takahito , Okabayashi Yusuke , Katsumata Haruki , Kawabe Mayuko , Katsuma Ai , Mafune Aki , Nakada Yasuyuki , Kobayashi Akimitsu , Koike Yusuke , Miki Jun , Yamada Hiroki , Tanno Yudo , Ohkido Ichiro , Tsuboi Nobuo , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe report a case of recurrent Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) treated successfully with a tonsillectomy and steroid pulse therapy in a kidney transplant patient. A 29‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital for an episode biopsy; she had a serum creatinine (S‐Cr) of 1.0 mg/dL and 1.34 g/day proteinuria 26 months after kidney transplantation. Histological examination revealed increased amounts of mesangial matrix and mesangial hypercellularity with IgA deposition. Of note, one glomerulus showed focal endocapillary proliferation and tuft necrosis. We diagnosed active recurrent HSPN. Considering both the histological findings and refractory clinical course of the native kidney, she was treated for 3 consecutive days with steroid pulse therapy and a tonsillectomy. The patient's proteinuria decreased gradually to less than 150 mg/day 6 months later. A second biopsy 6 years after kidney transplantation showed an excellent response to treatment and revealed a marked reduction in both the mesangial matrix and mesangial hypercellularity, with trace IgA deposition. We conclude that a tonsillectomy and steroid pulse therapy appeared to be useful in this patient with active recurrent HSPN. This paper is the first to report a tonsillectomy and steroid pulse therapy as a therapeutic option for active recurrent HSPN. Further studies are needed to elucidate the efficacy and mechanisms of tonsillectomy with recurrent HSPN in kidney transplant patients.
Kidney transplantation from a mother with unrecognized Fabry disease to her son with low α‐galactosidase A activity: A 14‐year follow‐up without enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Odani Keiko , Okumi Masayoshi , Honda Kazuho , Ishida Hideki , Tanabe Kazunari 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe report a case of kidney transplantation from mother to son, both of whom were likely to have had an unrecognized renal variant phenotype of Fabry disease. The patient was a 54‐year‐old man, with an unknown primary cause of end stage renal disease. He had no notable past medical history, other than end stage renal disease. He underwent living‐related kidney transplantation from his mother at age 40 years. Foam cells in the glomeruli were identified on histology assessment of a 0‐hour allograft biopsy, with zebra bodies identified in the glomerular visceral epithelial cells by electron microscopy. These findings were indicative of Fabry disease in the donated kidney. As a definitive diagnosis of Fabry's disease could not be confirmed, enzyme replacement therapy was not initiated. Thirteen years after kidney transplantation, the patient underwent left nephrectomy for a left renal tumour, with pathological findings of clear cell carcinoma, foam cells and zebra bodies in the native kidney. Detailed examinations identified low α‐galactosidase A activity and mutation of the α‐Gal A gene, confirming a diagnosis of a renal variant phenotype of Fabry disease. Histology of several allograft biopsies performed over the 14 years from the time of kidney transplantation revealed only moderate interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, with no evidence of disease progression on electron microscopy, despite the presence of zebra bodies in the glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
Subclinical antibody‐mediated rejection due to anti‐human‐leukocyte‐antigen‐DR53 antibody accompanied by plasma cell‐rich acute rejection in a patient with cadaveric kidney transplantation
Authors: Katsuma Ai , Yamamoto Izumi , Komatsuzaki Yo , Niikura Takahito , Kawabe Mayuko , Okabayashi Yusuke , Yamakawa Takafumi , Katsumata Haruki , Nakada Yasuyuki , Kobayashi Akimitsu , Tanno Yudo , Miki Jun , Yamada Hiroki , Ohkido Ichiro , Tsuboi Nobuo , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA 56‐year‐old man who had undergone cadaveric kidney transplantation 21 months earlier was admitted to our hospital for a protocol biopsy; he had a serum creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dL and no proteinuria. Histological features showed two distinct entities: (i) inflammatory cell infiltration, in the glomerular and peritubular capillaries and (ii) focal, aggressive tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, predominantly plasma cells, with mild tubulitis (Banff 13 classification: i2, t1, g2, ptc2, v0, ci1, ct1, cg0, cv0). Immunohistological studies showed mildly positive C4d immunoreactivity in the peritubular capillaries. The patient had donor specific antibody to human‐leucocyte‐antigen‐DR53. We diagnosed him with subclinical antibody‐mediated rejection accompanied by plasma cell‐rich acute rejection. Both antibody‐mediated rejection due to anti‐ human‐leucocyte‐antigen ‐DR53 antibodies and plasma cell‐rich acute rejection are known to be refractory and have a poor prognosis. Thus, we started plasma exchange with intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab for the former and 3 days of consecutive steroid pulse therapy for the latter. Three months after treatment, a follow‐up allograft biopsy showed excellent responses to treatment for both histological features. This case report considers the importance of an early diagnosis and appropriate intervention for subclinical antibody‐mediated rejection due to donor specific antibody to human‐leucocyte‐antigen‐DR53 and plasma cell‐rich acute rejection.
Reviewing the pathogenesis of antibody‐mediated rejection and renal graft pathology after kidney transplantation
Authors: Morozumi Kunio , Takeda Asami , Otsuka Yasuhiro , Horike Keiji , Gotoh Norihiko , Narumi Shunji , Watarai Yoshihiko , Kobayashi Takaaki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe clinicopathological context of rejection after kidney transplantation was well recognized. Banff conferences greatly contributed to elucidate the pathogenesis and to establish the pathologic criteria of rejection after kidney transplantation. The most important current problem of renal transplantation is de novo donor‐specific antibody (DSA) production leading chronic rejection and graft loss. Microvascular inflammation is considered as a reliable pathological marker for antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) in the presence of DSA. Electron microscopic study allowed us to evaluate early changes in peritubular capillaries in T‐lymphocyte mediated rejection and transition to antibody‐mediated rejection. Severe endothelial injuries with edema and activated lymphocyte invaded into subendothelial space with early multi‐layering of peritubular capillary basement membrane suggest T‐lymphocyte mediated rejection induce an unbounded chain of antibody‐mediated rejection. The risk factors of AMR after ABO‐incompatible kidney transplantation are important issues. Anti‐ABO blood type antibody titre of IgG excess 32‐fold before transplant operation is the only predictable factor for acute AMR. Characteristics of chronic active antibody‐mediated rejection (CAAMR) are one of the most important problems. Light microscopic findings and C4d stain of peritubular capillary and glomerular capillary are useful diagnostic criteria of CAAMR. Microvascular inflammation, double contour of glomerular capillary and thickening of peritubular capillary basement are good predictive factors of the presence of de novo DSA. C4d stain of linear glomerular capillary is a more sensitive marker for CAAMR than positive C4d of peritubular capillary. Early and sensitive diagnostic attempts of diagnosing CAAMR are pivotal to prevent chronic graft failure.
Changes of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the colon of rats underwent to the wrap partial restraint stress
Authors: Traini C. , Evangelista S. , Girod V. , Faussone‐Pellegrini M.S. , Vannucchi M.G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundAnimal models proposed to reproduce some of the human irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms are based on the hypothesis that psychosocial stressors play a pivotal role in the IBS etio‐pathology.We investigated the wrap restraint stress (WRS) model with the aim to analyze the morphological changes of the entire colonic wall of these animals that showed some of the human IBS symptoms such as visceral hypersensitivity.MethodsMale Wistar rats were used and WRS was maintained for 2 h. Abdominal contractions (AC) were recorded in the colon‐rectum by balloon distension. Fecal pellets were quantitated. Colonic specimens were examined by routine histology, immunohistochemistry and western blot.Key ResultsWRS animals were characterized by: (i) increase in AC number and fecal pellets mean weight; (ii) clusters of mononucleated cells, increase in eosinophilic granulocytes and mast cells in the mucosa; (iii) increase in CGRP‐immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers in the lamina propria; (iv) decrease in myenteric NK1r‐IR and nNOS‐IR neurons and in submucous nNOS‐IR neurons; (v) decrease in SP‐IR nerve fibers in the muscle wall; (vi) reduction in S100β‐IR glia in the entire colonic wall; (vii) increase in CRF1r‐IR myenteric neurons; (viii) no change in ChAT‐IR neurons, smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells of Cajal.Conclusions and InferencesThe present results support the consistency of the WRS as a potential model where part of the human IBS signs and symptoms are reproduced. The changes in glial cells and in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters might represent the substrate for the dysmotility and hypersensitivity.
ESTIMATION OF TEMPERATURE AND ELECTRON DENSITY IN STAINLESS STEEL PLASMA USING LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Tan Halid Nurul Shuhada , Zainal Roslinda , Mat Daud Yaacob 
Published: March 2016

LIBS plasma produced by a 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in an atmospheric pressure was studied for the stainless steel sample. The laser output energy 150 mJ with pulse duration of 6 ns. The plasma emission spectrum was recorded by the LR1 Spectrometer connected to the fibre optic. The plasma temperature and electron density of each element were estimated by time-resolved spectroscopy of neutral atom and ion line emission. The plasma temperature was obtained from the Boltzmann plot method and their electron density was determined by using Saha-Boltzmann equation method. The preliminary qualitative LIBS analysis shows that several elements contained in the stainless steel. The element detected was Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Cr. The results shows that Mn and Fe has the highest plasma temperature of 1.2 eV, but the electron density of Mn was the highest with value 4.6x1020 cm-3, while the Cu has the lowest temperature that is 0.73 eV with the electron density 2.8x1017 cm-3. The results are discussed.
OPTICAL BIOSENSORS PROSPECTIVE BASED ON BRAGG GRATING POLYMER WAVEGUIDE
Authors: Mohd Salleh Mohd Hazimin , M.S Mohd Haziq , Abd Hadi Muhammad Salihi 
Published: March 2016

In this work, we demonstrate the potential of Bragg grating polymer waveguide as an optical biosensor. Visible wavelength region at 650 nm is used as a centre wavelength because it is commonly used in biological and chemical sensing for both label and label-free sensing. The Bragg polymer waveguide structure is simulated using RSoft optical design and analysis software. The results show that there is a transmission drop with a 3 dB bandwidth of 661.0 nm when the surrounding refractive index is 1.33. The specific wavelength (transmission drop) is shifted to 724.2 nm when we increased the surrounding medium into 1.43 to mimic the bioanalytes solution. Simulation result shows that the wavelength shift was approximately 63.2 nm for every 0.1 increasing of surrounding refractive index. The Bragg grating polymer waveguide was fabricated by using electron beam lithography. Then, the fabricated devices were easily integrated within microfluidic systems in order to validate the wavelength shift. From the experiments, the wavelength shift occurred approximately 20.3 nm over 0.1 increment of refractive index. The discrepancies were likely due to the accumulation of sucrose solution on top and sidewall of the sensing area, the insertion loss between input and output coupling of the waveguide interface that induced the noise to signal ratio. Where we know that, is impossible to happen in simulation. Thus both simulation and experimental results strongly indicate that Bragg grating polymer waveguide structure at visible wavelength region have a potential for label or label-free optical biosensing applications.