bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of enamel matrix derivative on healing of root surfaces after bonding treatment and intentional replantation of vertically fractured roots
Authors: Sugaya Tsutomu , Tomita Mahito , Motoki Youji , Miyaji Hirofumi , Kawamami Masamitsu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground/AimThe objectives of this study were to histopathologically evaluate cementum regeneration on root surfaces when an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) was used to bond a vertically fractured root and to evaluate the effectiveness of EMD in inhibiting root resorption.Material and methodsA total of 40 roots from 24 maxillary premolars in beagles were used. The root was vertically fractured using a chisel and mallet. Super‐Bond was then used to bond the fractured root. In the experimental group, the root surface was treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and an EMD. The control group received no treatment. The root was then replanted in its original location. Histopathological observation and measurement using image‐analyzing software were carried out after 8 weeks.ResultsIn the experimental group, shallow resorption cavities developed on the root planed surfaces with new acellular cementum appearing over them. In the control group, no new cementum was seen on the planed surfaces, and there was connective tissue joining the roots. In some of the samples, resorption and multinucleated giant cells were seen. The experimental group showed a significantly larger volume of cementum formation (P < 0.001), and the volume of root resorption was significantly smaller (P = 0.004).ConclusionWhen bonding and replanting tooth roots after a vertical fracture, the application of EMD was effective in regenerating cementum on root surfaces from which periodontal ligament had been lost in the area around the fracture line and in reducing the incidence of root resorption.
First report of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum on fig trees in China
Authors: Jiang Y. , Li B. , Liu P. , Liao F. , Weng Q. , Chen Q. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis article presents the first report of bacterial wilt on fig (Ficus carica) trees in China. In 2014, fig trees with typical bacterial wilt symptoms were observed for the first time in China. The causal pathogen was determined to be Ralstonia solanacearum. Identification was based on symptomatology, morphology, BioLog carbohydrate utilization, 16S rDNA sequence analyses and phylotype‐specific multiplex‐PCR assays.
Neocortical gamma oscillations in idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Benedek Krisztina , Berényi Antal , Gombkötő Péter , Piilgaard Henning , Lauritzen Martin 
Published: March 2016

SummaryObjectiveAbsence seizures in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) may in part be explained by a decrease in phasic GABAA (type‐A γ‐aminobutyric acid) receptor function, but the mechanisms are only partly understood. Here we studied the relation between ictal and interictal spike‐wave discharges (SWDs) and electroencephalography (EEG) gamma oscillatory activity (30–60 Hz) in patients with IGE.MethodsEEG recordings were obtained of 14 children with IGE (mean age, 8.5 ± 5 years) and 14 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Time‐frequency analysis of each seizure and seizure‐free control epochs was performed and cross‐coherences of neocortical gamma oscillations were calculated to describe interictal and ictal characteristics of generalized seizures.ResultsSWDs were characterized with an abrupt increase of oscillatory activity of 3–4 and 13–60 Hz, peaking at 3–4 and 30–60 Hz, and with a simultaneous decrease in the 8–12 Hz frequency band. The rise in EEG gamma oscillations was short‐lasting and decreased before activity declined at lower frequency ranges. Compared to control patients, patients with epilepsy also showed higher interictal values of mean coherence of gamma activity, but this interictal increase was not significant after post hoc analysis.SignificanceOur data support the hypothesis that gamma oscillatory activity increase concomitantly with rises in activity of lower EEG frequencies during absence seizures and that the activity starts to cease earlier than lower EEG frequencies. The data did not support a change in gamma activity preceding the 3–4 Hz SWDs. SWDs are hypothetically generated by the synchronous interaction between the thalamus and the cortex, whereas the production of gamma activity is the result of activity in local inhibitory networks. Thus, the modification of SWD by gamma activity may be understood in terms of the cellular and synaptic mechanisms involved.
A prospective, multicentre study on the use of epidermal grafts to optimise outpatient wound management
Authors: Hachach‐Haram Nadine , Bystrzonowski Nicola , Kanapathy Muholan , Smith Oliver , Harding Keith , Mosahebi Ash , Richards Toby 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTCurrent wound management through the use of a split‐thickness skin graft often requires hospital admission, a period of immobility, attentive donor site wound care and pain management. This study evaluates the feasibility of using a novel epidermal graft‐harvesting device (CelluTome) that allows pain‐free epidermal skin grafting in the outpatient clinic setting. A prospective series of 35 patients was performed in 2 centres, involving 10 acute and 25 chronic wounds. All patients were subjected to epidermal grafting in the outpatient specialist clinic, without the use of anaesthesia, and allowed to return home after the procedure. Completely healed wounds were noted in 22 patients (62·9%). The overall mean time for 50% and 100% reduction in wound size was 3·31 ± 2·33 and 5·91 ± 3·48 weeks, respectively. There was no significant difference in healing times between the acute and chronic wounds (50% reduction in wound size; acute 2·20 ± 0·91 weeks versus chronic 3·73 ± 2·63 weeks, P = 0·171. Hundred percent reduction in wound size; acute 4·80 ± 1·61 weeks versus chronic 6·83 ± 4·47 weeks, P = 0·183). The mean time for donor site healing was 5·49 ± 1·48 days. The mean pain score during graft harvest was 1·42 ± 0·95, and the donor site Vancouver Scar Scale was 0 for all cases at 6 weeks. This automated device offers autologous skin harvesting in the outpatient setting with minimal or no pain and a scar free donor site, equally benefiting both the acute and chronic wounds. It has the potential to save NHS resources by eliminating the need for theatre space and a hospital bed while at the same time benefiting patient care.
Intensive demographic and genetic management through European Endangered Species Programmes (EEPs) can make a difference: Cherry‐crowned mangabey Cercocebus torquatus European studbook and White‐naped mangabey Cercocebus atys lunulatus EEP results
Authors: Jara S. F. , Abelló MA. T. , Oliva F. , Teijeiro J. D. R. 
Published: March 2016

Many species of wildlife are threatened by destruction of their natural habitat and overhunting. Breeding programmes at zoological facilities can be used to prevent the extinction of some of these species, while contributing to the maintenance of an ex situ gene pool. Two species of primates of the family Cercopithecidae, the Cherry‐crowned mangabey Cercocebus torquatus and the White‐naped mangabey Cercocebus atys lunulatus, are at risk of disappearing in their natural habitat. Populations of both species are maintained at European zoos and have been managed as European studbooks since 1994. In the case of C. a. lunulatus, a European Endangered Species Programme (EEP) was established in 2000 to provide more intensive management. A series of demographic and genetic analyses have been carried out for both European populations using data as at the end of 2012. The results of the present study show that both populations are growing slowly. However, the Cherry‐crowned mangabey population shows high inbreeding and low genetic diversity, while the White‐naped mangabey population has better genetic health that could retain 90% of genetic diversity over the next 100 years, which is one of the main goals of breeding programmes carried out by zoological facilities.
Tobacco and Alcohol Use in People With Mild/Moderate Intellectual Disabilities: Giving Voice to Their Health Promotion Needs
Authors: Kerr Susan , Lawrence Maggie , Middleton Alan R. , Fitzsimmons Lorna , Darbyshire Christopher 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundConcerns have been raised about the use/misuse of tobacco and alcohol by people with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities. Aiming to address an identified gap in the current evidence base, this study sought to gain an understanding of the tobacco‐ and alcohol‐related health promotion needs of this client group.MethodsInformed by the principles of social cognitive theory, data were collected using focus group and telephone interviews. Participants were 16 people with intellectual disabilities, two family carers and 15 health and social care professionals. Data were analysed using the Framework approach.FindingsFour themes were described: being like others; social and emotional influences; understandings, misunderstandings and learning from experience; and choices and challenges. Reasons for smoking and drinking alcohol echoed those of the general population; however, health promotion needs were more complex (e.g. linked to problems with consequential thinking; low levels of self‐efficacy).ConclusionThis article provides insight into the tobacco‐ and alcohol‐related health promotion needs of people with intellectual disabilities. There is a need for integrated service provision that addresses both personal and environmental influences on behaviour.
Don't judge a living book by its cover: effectiveness of the living library intervention in reducing prejudice toward Roma and LGBT people
Authors: Orosz Gábor , Bánki Erzsébet , Bőthe Beáta , Tóth‐Király István , Tropp Linda R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn Hungary, prejudices toward Roma and the LGBT community are highly salient and explicit in public opinion, the media, and in the political discourse. The present study examined the effectiveness of the Living Library prejudice reduction intervention—in which participants as “Readers” have engaging contact with living “Books” who are trained volunteers from the Roma and LGBT communities. In a pre‐post intervention study with high school students (N = 105), results suggest that the Living Library intervention reduced participants’ scores on multiple measures of prejudice. The Living Library intervention appeared to be effective among both those participants whose friends endorsed prejudice or more tolerant attitudes toward Roma and LGBT people. In sum, Living Library appears to be a useful method for reducing prejudice in contexts which are characterized by strong negative attitudes toward these different groups.
Stability of Ochratoxin a During Bread Making Process
Authors: Milani Jafar , Heidari Sara 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOchratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by fungal species which can contaminate cereal‐based products such as bread. The objective of this study was to determine the stability of the mycotoxin during bread making. Bread was prepared on a pilot‐plant scale by using wheat flour spiked OTA. During this process, mycotoxin level was determined after the first fermentation at 30C for 90 min, after the final fermentation at 30C for 10 min with sourdough and three types of yeast (active dry yeast, instant dry yeast and compressed yeast), and after baking at 200C for 20 min. OTA was confirmed to be relatively stable in the bread making process. The high stability of OTA was observed in the first fermentation, while the lowest stability was seen during the baking stage. Compressed yeast displayed the strongest impact on the mycotoxin during the bread making process.Practical ApplicationMycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by fungi which contaminate food and feed. Severe health problems and death have been reported from mycotoxin exposure. Cereal may be contaminated by mycotoxins in the field and/or after harvesting. Contaminated cereals can represent a direct source of human exposure, by their direct intake, or an indirect source through the consumption of products derived from animals fed with contaminated feed. Cereals have a variety of uses as foods, in an assortment that contains the usage of different processing methods, industrial or traditional. Food processing can have an effect on mycotoxin levels. Interest in knowing the effects of food processing on mycotoxins has increased during the last decade. The ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most common in cereal grains and its products especially flour‐based foods. In this research, the effect of bread making process including fermentation using sourdough and three types of yeast and subsequently baking on OTA was investigated. The results showed that the compressed yeast had the most effect on mycotoxin decrease during the bread making process. The results of this research will be useful for bakery producers to lessen OTA contamination in bread. Also, it can be beneficial for other food industries which yield the fermentation products, to decontamination of food products.
Tooth enamel properties and morphology after microabrasion: an in situ study
Authors: Pini Núbia Inocencya Pavesi , Lima Débora Alves Nunes Leite , Sundfeld Renato Herman , Ambrosano Gláucia Maria Bovi , Aguiar Flavio Henrique Baggio , Lovadino José Roberto 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the effect of saliva on enamel after microabrasion with different microabrasive compounds under in situ conditions.MethodsEnamel/dentin blocks (16 mm2) from bovine incisors were divided into nine groups (n = 19): one control group (no treatment), four groups treated with microabrasion using 35% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) + pumice, and the last four groups treated with microabrasion using 6.6% hydrochloric acid (HCl) + silica. The treated groups were subdivided according to the in situ regimen: without salivary exposure, 1 h, 24 h, or 7 days of saliva exposure. Surface microhardness (SMH) and cross‐sectional microhardness (CSMH) were tested. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate enamel morphology. Microhardness data were tested by analysis of variance, and Tukey's and Dunnett's tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThe SMH analysis revealed that all the microabrasion‐treated groups presented significantly‐reduced SMH values when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Treatment with HCl + silica was more prone to the effect of saliva than H3PO4 + pumice, even for CSMH analysis, once the superficial layers reached the same microhardness of that of the control group (P > 0.05). These results were confirmed by SEM, which demonstrated the mineral recovery effect over time.ConclusionSaliva was effective in promoting the rehardening of enamel after microabrasion, mainly for the surfaces treated with HCl + silica.
Getting to know the person behind the illness – the significance of interacting with patients hospitalised in forensic psychiatric settings
Authors: Salzmann‐Erikson Martin , Rydlo Cecilia , Wiklund Gustin Lena 
Published: March 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe what nurses want to accomplish in relationships with patients who are hospitalised in forensic psychiatric settings.BackgroundRelationships between staff and patients in forensic psychiatric settings should be grounded in trust and confidence, and the patients need opportunities for emotional reconciliation. However, relationships can be challenging for nurses, who sometimes distance themselves from patients’ expressions of suffering. The role of forensic mental health nurses is nebulous, as are the prescriptives and the implementation of nursing practices.DesignQualitative descriptive design.MethodsIn‐depth interviews with five nurses who all work in forensic psychiatric settings.ResultsWe present a descriptive analysis of what nurses want to accomplish in relationships with patients who are hospitalised in forensic psychiatric settings. The results are presented in two main categories: (1) getting to know the person behind the illness and (2) making a difference.ConclusionCare in forensic psychiatry needs to shift towards a more long‐term view of the role of nursing, focusing less on the traditional and stereotypical identity of the productive nurse and more on the care given when nurses slow down and take the time to see the patients as individuals. Establishing trusting relationships with patients in forensic psychiatric settings is viewed as a less oppressive way to control patients and guide them in directions that are preferable for the nurses and for the society.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses may use simple strategies in their daily practice such as sitting on the sofa with patients to establish trust. We stress that nurses should abandon policing roles and custodial activities in favour of guiding principles that promote individual recovery, treatment and health‐promoting care.
Taking a Second Look in a Warped Crystal Ball: Explaining the Accuracy of Revised Forecasts
Authors: Bacon‐Gerasymenko Violetta , Coff Russell , Durand Rodolphe 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe fundamental questions we address are whether firms with a higher initial forecasting ability are able to accurately revise the exit forecasts of their investments; and how co‐investment partners and value‐adding commitment with their investment influence the main effect. We explore these questions with novel and unique data collected via mixed research methods on venture capital firms’ forecasts of 114 portfolio companies. We find that venture capital firms that are better at making initial forecasts are less effective in revising their forecasts. In addition, while the number of co‐investment partners positively moderate this relationship, venture capital firms’ value‐adding commitment moderates it negatively. Our findings contribute to the literature on organizational forecasting as well as inter‐organizational knowledge transfer and knowledge creation. They also provide novel insights into venture capital literature and practice.
Walking and Talking Corporate Social Responsibility: Implications of Firm Size and Organizational Cost
Authors: Wickert Christopher , Scherer Andreas Georg , Spence Laura J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this paper we address two interrelated research gaps in the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) literature. The first results from a lack of understanding of different patterns of CSR engagement with respect to CSR talk (impression management and the creation of symbolic images and documentation) and CSR walk (substantive implementation of CSR policies, structures and procedures). Related to this, the second gap concerns limited knowledge about the influence of firm size on CSR engagement. We develop a conceptual model that explains differences in CSR talk versus walk based on organizational cost and firm size. This allows us to theorize the antecedents of what we call the large firm implementation gap (large firms tend to focus on communicating CSR symbolically but do less to implement it into their core structures and procedures) and vice versa the small firm communication gap (less active communication and more emphasis on implementation). Our model expands a new theoretical understanding of CSR engagement based on as yet underemphasized firm‐level antecedents of CSR, and opens up several new avenues for future, and in particular comparative, research.
Psychophysical Relations between Interacted Fabric Thermal‐Tactile Properties and Psychological Touch Perceptions
Authors: Liao Xiao , Li Yi , Hu Junyan , Li Quanhai , Wu XiNxing 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTouch sensation perception includes three processes – physical, neurophysiological and psychological. Psychophysical relationships that bridge physical and psychological results have varied. Meanwhile, interactive effects of thermal‐tactile physical features have seldom been investigated. Therefore, this study aims to compare various hypothesized psychophysical relations, including monomode relations between single stimuli and single sensations, as well as multimode relations between multistimuli and sensory dimensions. Potential simultaneous effects from thermal‐tactile factors and their interactions are also explored. This study uses physical data, obtained from a simultaneous measurement instrument Fabric Touch Tester, and psychological data collected from over 200 subjects. The results imply that a universal psychophysical function relation can hardly be achieved. Different neural stimulation mechanisms seem to be better presented by dissimilar function relations. It is also found that thermal and tactile physical information can simultaneously affect all defined sensory dimensions – including smoothness, softness and warmth. Interaction effects from multistimuli are also concluded to be important predictors.Practical ApplicationsStudy of the relationship between psychological touch sensations and fabric physical properties has always been an attractive field in textile sensory research. Along with the increased demands on the touch comfort of clothing, precise quantitative characterization methods are eagerly needed in industry. A number of approaches have been proposed during past studies, including psychophysical laws and stepwise‐box‐linear regression. However, these resolutions focused on tactile properties and mechanical sensations only. Although the latest neurophysiological findings have enlarged the scope of thermal‐tactile properties, there is still a lack of investigation into interactive effects of both thermal and tactile properties. This work provides comparison studies on different types of psychophysical relations and particularly explores the interactive effects of multiple physical aspects. Proposed psychophysical relations are concluded with satisfied correlation coefficients to the subjective sensations. Such interactive multimode psychophysical relations could be used to advance current prediction models with stronger connections to neurophysiological perception mechanisms.
Sexual dimorphism and physiological correlates of horn length in a South African isopod crustacean
Authors: Glazier D. S. , Clusella‐Trullas S. , Terblanche J. S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlthough isopod crustaceans frequently show sexual dimorphism in body size, sexual differences in other non‐reproductive (secondary sexual) traits have been rarely studied. Furthermore, little is known about the physiological correlates of variation in the expression of sexually dimorphic traits in animals generally. Here, we show that the unusual dorsal horns of the South African horned isopod Deto echinata exhibit significantly different allometric scaling relationships with body size in males versus females. Not only are the horns of adult males substantially longer than those of adult females but also their log–log scaling slope with body length is significantly steeper than that of females and juveniles. Furthermore, in males relative horn length is positively correlated with body condition, as estimated by body mass relative to body length, and with resting metabolic (CO2 release) rate, also adjusted to body length. However, although showing a weak positive trend, the relative horn length of males is not significantly correlated with body length adjusted active metabolic rate. It is also not significantly correlated with the relative rates of whole body or cuticular water loss rates or with two measures of activity level. We hypothesize that the sexual dimorphism of horn length in D. echinata is the result of sexual selection and that horn length is a reliable indicator of the ability of a male to acquire and process resources, which in turn may be critical to female mate choice and (or) male–male competition for mates. However, this hypothesis requires further testing based on direct observations of female mate choice and male–male behavioral interactions, which have not yet been carried out.