bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ciliary Muscle Electrostimulation to Restore Accommodation in Patients With Early Presbyopia: Preliminary Results
Authors: Gualdi Luca , Gualdi Federica , Rusciano Dario , Ambrósio Renato , Salomão Marcella Q. , Lopes Bernardo , Cappello Veronica , Fintina Tatiana , Gualdi Massimo 
Published: September 2017

PURPOSE:
To report short-term results of pulsed ciliary muscle electrostimulation to improve near vision, likely through restoring accommodation in patients with emmetropic presbyopia.

METHODS:
In a prospective non-randomized trial, 27 patients from 40 to 51 years old were treated and 13 age- and refraction-matched individuals served as untreated controls. All patients had emmetropia and needed near sphere add between +0.75 and +1.50 diopters. The protocol included four sessions (one every 2 weeks within a 2-month period) of bilateral pulsed (2 sec on; 6 sec off) micro-electrostimulation with 26 mA for 8 minutes, using a commercially available medical device. The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) (logMAR) for each eye, uncorrected near (40 cm) visual acuity in each eye (UNVA) and with both eyes (UNVA OU) (logMAR), and reading speed (number of words read per minute at 40 cm) were measured preoperatively and 2 weeks after each session. Overall satisfaction (0 to 4 scale) was assessed 2 weeks after the last session.

RESULTS:

UDVA did not change and no adverse events were noted in either group. Bilateral and monocular UNVA and reading speed were stable in the control group, whereas they continuously improved in the treated group (Friedman,
P
< .00001). Post-hoc significant differences were found for monocular and binocular UNVA after the second treatment and after the first treatment considering words read per minute (
P
< .001). One patient (3.7%) was not satisfied and 18 patients (66.7%) were very satisfied (score of 4). Average satisfaction score was 3 (satisfied).

CONCLUSIONS:
Ciliary muscle contraction to restore accommodation was safe and improved the short-term accommodative ability of patients with early emmetropic presbyopia.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(9):578–583.]
Comparison of Corneal Dynamic and Tomographic Analysis in Normal, Forme Fruste Keratoconic, and Keratoconic Eyes
Authors: Wang Yu Meng , Chan Tommy C.Y. , Yu Marco , Jhanji Vishal 
Published: September 2017

PURPOSE:
To investigate and compare the diagnostic ability of corneal tomography and dynamic corneal response to differentiate between normal eyes and those with forme fruste keratoconus and keratoconus.

METHODS:
Corneal tomography was performed using Pentacam (Pentacam HR; Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany). Corneal deformation response was captured via Corvis ST (Optikgeräte) using a beta version of Corvis software. Classification analysis between normal eyes and eyes with forme fruste keratoconus and between normal and keratoconic eyes was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) and partial AUC (pAUC) for each classifying parameter were compared.

RESULTS:

Twenty-one patients with forme fruste keratoconus in one eye and clinically evident keratoconus in the fellow eye and 38 normal individuals were recruited. Overall, 21 eyes with forme fruste keratoconus and 18 eyes with keratoconus were compared with 73 normal eyes. The mean age of the participants was comparable between groups. Comparative analysis between Pentacam and Corvis ST parameters showed significantly lower AUC and pAUC for Corvis ST parameters in differentiating keratoconic from normal eyes (
P
≥ .049). However, comparable AUC and pAUC was observed between the Corvis Biomechanical Index (AUC = 0.785; pAUC = 0.079) and D value of the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display (AUC = 0.757; pAUC = 0.068) (
P
≥ .477) for detection of forme fruste keratoconus with sensitivities of 63.2% and 52.6%, given a common specificity of 80.3%.

CONCLUSIONS:
The current study showed the feasibility of use of non-tomographical parameters obtained from the Corvis ST for differentiating normal eyes and those with forme fruste keratoconus and keratoconus. The diagnostic ability of the Corvis ST was comparable to that of the Pentacam for differentiating normal eyes and eyes with forme fruste keratoconus.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(9):632–638.]
Primal-Dual Active Set Method for American Lookback Put Option Pricing
Authors: Song Haiming , Wang Xiaoshen , Zhang Kai , Zhang Qi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe pricing model for American lookback options can be characterised as a two-dimensional free boundary problem. The main challenge in this problem is the free boundary, which is also the main concern for financial investors. We use a standard technique to reduce the pricing model to a one-dimensional linear complementarity problem on a bounded domain and obtain a corresponding variational inequality. The inequality is discretised by finite differences and finite elements in the temporal and spatial directions, respectively. By enforcing inequality constraints related to the options using Lagrange multipliers, the discretised variational inequality is reformulated as a set of semi-smooth equations, which are solved by a primal-dual active set method. One of the major advantages of our algorithm is that we can obtain the option values and the free boundary simultaneously, and numerical simulations show that our approach is as efficient as some other methods.
The Demos as a Plural Subject
Authors: Leijssenaar Bas 
Published: September 2017

The Demos as a Plural Subject
Existing conceptualizations of the demos fail to treat issues of composition and performativity consistently. Recent literature suggests that both aspects are required in a satisfactory account of the demos. An analysis of this literature suggests several desiderata that such an account must meet. I approach the definition of demos with a conceptual framework derived from Margaret Gilbert’s plural subject theory of social groups. I propose an account of demos as a plural subject, constituted by joint commitment. This account offers an improved and consistent understanding of normativity, composition, agency, and cohesion of demos.
Lower-Leg and Foot Contributions to Turnout in University-Level Female Ballet Dancers
Authors: Carter Sarah L. , Bryant Alan R. , Hopper Luke S. 
Published: September 2017

Background:Turnout in ballet is produced through summation of the joint structure characteristics and ranges of motion at the hip, knee, ankle, and foot. Contributions of the hip joint to functional turnout in dancers have received extensive examination, whereas little is known about contributions from the knee, ankle, and foot. The aim of this study was to explore the nonhip components of turnout to dancers' functional turnout in first position by assessing passive external tibiofemoral rotation and active measures of foot pronation, ie, navicular drop and Foot Posture Index.Methods:Nineteen female university-level dance students aged 16 to 19 years participated in this descriptive correlational study. External tibiofemoral rotation, navicular drop, Foot Posture Index, and functional turnout were measured for the participants' right and left legs.Results:Regression analyses revealed a weak relationship between passive external tibiofemoral rotation and functional turnout. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate negative relationship between passive tibiofemoral external rotation and the Foot Posture Index in functional turnout.Conclusions:These findings suggest that the lower leg does contribute to dancers' overall position of functional turnout. However, current methods are not useful in predicting a dancer's lower-leg contribution and alignment in functional turnout in first position.
Foot Pain in Relation to Ipsilateral and Contralateral Lower-Extremity Pain in a Population-Based Study
Authors: Dufour Alyssa B. , Halpern Brian , Positano Rock G. , Hillstrom Howard J. , Hannan Marian T. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Clinical observations note that foot pain can be linked to contralateral pain at the knee or hip, yet we are unaware of any community-based studies that have investigated the sidedness of pain. Because clinic-based patient samples are often different from the general population, the purpose of this study was to determine whether knee or hip pain is more prevalent with contralateral foot pain than with ipsilateral foot pain in a population-based cohort.

Methods:
Framingham Foot Study participants (2002–2008) with information on foot, knee, and hip pain were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Foot pain was queried as pain, aching, or stiffness on most days. Using a manikin diagram, participants indicated whether they had experienced pain, aching, or stiffness at the hip or knee and specified the side of any reported pain. Sex-specific multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for the association of foot pain with knee and hip pain, adjusting for age and body mass index.

Results:
In the 2,181 participants, the mean ± SD age was 64 ± 9 years; 56% were women, and the mean body mass index was 28.6. For men and women, bilateral foot pain was associated with increased odds of knee pain on any side (ORs = 2–3; P &lt; .02). Men with foot pain were more likely to have ipsilateral hip pain (ORs = 2–4; P&lt;.03), whereas women with bilateral foot pain were more likely to have hip pain on any side (OR = 2–3; P &lt; .02).

Conclusions:
Bilateral foot pain was associated with increased odds of knee and hip pain in men and women. For ipsilateral foot and hip pain, men had a stronger effect compared with women.
Synthesis and Microbiological Evaluation of Novel Tetracyclic Fluoroquinolones
Authors: Wagman Allan S. , Cirz Ryan , McEnroe Glenn , Aggen James , Linsell Martin S. , Goldblum Adam A. , Lopez Sara , Gomez Marcela , Miller George , Simons Lloyd J. , Belliotti Thomas R. , Harris Christina R. , Poel Toni‐Jo , Melnick Michael J. , Gaston Ricky D. , Moser Heinz E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractConformationally constrained tetracyclic fluoroquinolones (FQs) were synthesized and profiled for their microbiological spectrum. The installation of a seven‐membered ring between the pyrrolidine substituents and the C8 position on the FQ core scaffold resulted in a remarkable enhancement of microbiological potency toward both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Focused optimization of seven‐membered ring composition, stereochemistry, and amine placement led to the discovery of the two lead compounds that were selected for further progression.
Association of Incident, Clinically Undiagnosed Radiographic Vertebral Fractures With Follow-Up Back Pain Symptoms in Older Men: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study
Authors: Fink Howard A , Litwack-Harrison Stephanie , Ensrud Kristine E , Shen Jian , Schousboe John T , Cawthon Peggy M , Cauley Jane A , Lane Nancy E , Taylor Brent C , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Kado Deborah M , Cummings Steven R , Marshall Lynn M ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Prior data in women suggest that incident clinically undiagnosed radiographic vertebral fractures (VFs) often are symptomatic, but misclassification of incident clinical VF may have biased these estimates. There are no comparable data in men. To evaluate the association of incident clinically undiagnosed radiographic VF with back pain symptoms and associated activity limitations, we used data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study, a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling men aged ≥65 years. A total of 4396 men completed spine X-rays and symptom questionnaires at baseline and visit 2, about 4.6 years later. Incident clinical VFs during this interval were defined by self-reported clinical diagnosis plus community imaging showing a centrally adjudicated ≥1 increase in semiquantitative (SQ) grade in any thoracic or lumbar vertebra versus baseline study X-rays. Incident radiographic VFs (≥1 increase in SQ grade between baseline and visit 2 study X-rays) were categorized as radiographic-only (not clinically diagnosed) or radiographic plus clinical (also clinically diagnosed). Multivariable-adjusted log binomial regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Men with incident radiographic plus clinical VF were most likely to have back pain symptoms and associated activity limitation at follow-up. However, versus men without incident VF, those with incident radiographic-only VF also were significantly more likely at follow-up to report any back pain (70% versus 59%; PR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1 to 1.3]), severe back pain (8% versus 4%; PR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1 to 3.3]), bother from back pain most/all the time (22% versus 13%; PR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.3 to 2.2]), and limited usual activity from back pain (34% versus 18%; PR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.5 to 2.4]). Clinically undiagnosed, incident radiographic VFs were associated with an increased likelihood of back pain symptoms and associated activity limitation. Results suggest incident radiographic-only VFs often were symptomatic, and were associated with both new and worsening back pain. Preventing these fractures may reduce back pain and related disability in older men. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Closed‐loop one‐way‐travel‐time navigation using low‐grade odometry for autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Claus Brian , Kepper James H. , Suman Stefano , Kinsey James C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper extends the progress of single beacon one‐way‐travel‐time (OWTT) range measurements for constraining XY position for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV). Traditional navigation algorithms have used OWTT measurements to constrain an inertial navigation system aided by a Doppler Velocity Log (DVL). These methodologies limit AUV applications to where DVL bottom‐lock is available as well as the necessity for expensive strap‐down sensors, such as the DVL. Thus, deep water, mid‐water column research has mostly been left untouched, and vehicles that need expensive strap‐down sensors restrict the possibility of using multiple AUVs to explore a certain area. This work presents a solution for accurate navigation and localization using a vehicle's odometry determined by its dynamic model velocity and constrained by OWTT range measurements from a topside source beacon as well as other AUVs operating in proximity. We present a comparison of two navigation algorithms: an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and a Particle Filter(PF). Both of these algorithms also incorporate a water velocity bias estimator that further enhances the navigation accuracy and localization. Closed‐loop online field results on local waters as well as a real‐time implementation of two days field trials operating in Monterey Bay, California during the Keck Institute for Space Studies oceanographic research project prove the accuracy of this methodology with a root mean square error on the order of tens of meters compared to GPS position over a distance traveled of multiple kilometers.
Invariant density functions of random -transformations
Authors: SUZUKI SHINTARO 
Published: September 2017

We consider the random $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-transformation $K_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}$ introduced by Dajani and Kraaikamp [Random $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-expansions. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.23 (2003), 461–479], which is defined on $\{0,1\}^{\mathbb{N}}\times [0,[\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}]/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}-1)]$. We give an explicit formula for the density function of a unique $K_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}$-invariant probability measure absolutely continuous with respect to the product measure $m_{p}\otimes \unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}$, where $m_{p}$ is the $(1-p,p)$-Bernoulli measure on $\{0,1\}^{\mathbb{N}}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}$ is the normalized Lebesgue measure on $[0,[\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}]/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}-1)]$. We apply the explicit formula for the density function to evaluate its upper and lower bounds and to investigate its continuity as a function of the two parameters $p$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$.
A Proactive Telephone-Delivered Risk Communication Intervention for Smokers Participating in Lung Cancer Screening: A Pilot Feasibility Trial
Authors: Zeliadt Steven B. , Greene Preston A. , Krebs Paul , Klein Deborah E. , Feemster Laura C. , Au David H. , Slatore Christopher G. , Heffner Jaimee L. 
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Many barriers exist to integrating smoking cessation into delivery of lung cancer screening including limited provider time and patient misconceptions.Aims: To demonstrate that proactive outreach from a telephone counsellor outside of the patient's usual care team is feasible and acceptable to patients.Methods: Smokers undergoing lung cancer screening were approached for a telephone counselling study. Patients agreeing to participate in the intervention (n = 27) received two telephone counselling sessions. A 30-day follow-up evaluation was conducted, which also included screening participants receiving usual care (n = 56).Results/Findings: Most (89%) intervention participants reported being satisfied with the proactive calls, and 81% reported the sessions were helpful. Use of behavioural cessation support programs in the intervention group was four times higher (44%) compared to the usual care group (11%); Relative Risk (RR) = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.7 to 9.9), and seven-day abstinence in the intervention group was double (19%) compared to the usual care group (7%); RR = 2.6; 95% CI: 0.8 to 8.9).Conclusions: This practical telephone-based approach, which included risk messages clarifying continued risks of smoking in the context of screening results, suggests such messaging can boost utilisation of evidence-based tobacco treatment, self-efficacy, and potentially increase the likelihood of successful quitting.
The legislative framework for salt iodization in Asia and the Pacific and its impact on programme implementation
Authors: Codling Karen , Rudert Christiane , Bégin France , Peña-Rosas Juan Pablo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveFortification of food-grade (edible) salt with iodine is recommended as a safe, cost-effective and sustainable strategy for the prevention of iodine-deficiency disorders. The present paper examines the legislative framework for salt iodization in Asian countries.DesignWe reviewed salt iodization legislation in thirty-six countries in Asia and the Pacific. We obtained copies of existing and draft legislation for salt iodization from UNICEF country offices and the WHO’s Global Database of Implementation of Nutrition Actions. We compiled legislation details by country and report on commonalities and gaps using a standardized form. The association between type of legislation and availability of iodized salt in households was assessed.ResultsWe identified twenty-one countries with existing salt iodization legislation, of which eighteen were mandatory. A further nine countries have draft legislation. The majority of countries with draft and existing legislation used a mandatory standard or technical regulation for iodized salt under their Food Act/Law. The remainder have developed a ‘stand-alone’ Law/Act. Available national surveys indicate that the proportion of households consuming adequately iodized salt was lowest in countries with no, draft or voluntary legislation, and highest in those where the legislation was based on mandatory regulations under Food Acts/Laws.ConclusionsLegislation for salt iodization, particularly mandatory legislation under the national food law, facilitates universal salt iodization. However, additional important factors for implementation of salt iodization and maintenance of achievements include the salt industry’s structure and capacity to adequately fortify, and official commitment and capacity to enforce national legislation.
Der Zeitpunkt des Todes
Authors: Schäfer P. Klaus 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Pflege und Begleitung von Hirntoten Komapatienten gehören zur alltäglichen Arbeit auf der Intensivstation. Doch zuweilen stellt sich
die Frage, ob hier Hirntod vorliegt. Die Hirntoddiagnostik bringt es schließlich ans Licht: Hier liegt ein Hirntoter. Wie ist dann mit den
Angehörigen umzugehen? Wie soll man selbst mit dieser seltenen Situation umgehen? Was für ein Zustand ist Hirntod?
Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Assessing the Effects of Applying a Force to C5 by a Mechanically Assisted Instrument on Referred Pain to the Shoulder
Authors: Hardas George M. , Murrell George A.C. 
Published: September 2017

Study Design.
Randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Objective.
To determine the effects of applying a force to C5 of the spine by a mechanically assisted instrument (MAI) in patients with referred shoulder pain.

Summary of Background Data.
Manipulating C5 of the spine is a chiropractic treatment for referred shoulder pain; there are no clinical trials evaluating its efficacy. Outcome measures were patient ranked questionnaires and independent examiner findings. One hundred and twenty-five patients were diagnosed with referred shoulder pain of cervical origin; 65 patients were in the treatment cohort and 60 patients in the placebo cohort.

Methods.
This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the effects of applying a force to C5 by a MAI to patients with referred shoulder pain. The treatment cohort had the MAI set at the maximum setting to transmit a force into the spine; the placebo cohort had the MAI turned off. Primary outcome measures were frequency and severity of extreme shoulder pain obtained via a patient-reported questionnaire; secondary outcome measures were patient ranked pain and functional outcomes as well as examiner assessed range of motion and strength. Assessment procedures were completed at 24 weeks posttreatment and data were analyzed with intent-to-treat protocol.

Results.
There was a reduction in the frequency but not severity of extreme shoulder pain in the treatment cohort, average ranking reducing from weekly to monthly (P < 0.05). Patients treated with the MAI had 10 N (P = 0.04) better internal rotation strength after 6 months posttreatment. No differences with any other outcome measures between the two cohorts at the 24-week study period.

Conclusion.
The major effect of applying a MAI to the level of C5 of the spine in referred shoulder pain is improved shoulder strength for internal rotation in this randomized double-blinded clinical trial.

Level of Evidence: 2