bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New hope for the Eastern barred bandicoot Perameles gunnii after 27 years of recovery effort
Authors: Parrott M. L. , Coetsee A. L. , Hartnett C. M. , Magrath M. J. L. 
Published: May 2017

The Eastern barred bandicoot Perameles gunnii (mainland unnamed subspecies) is classified as ‘extinct in the wild’ and has been the focus of a 27 year captive‐breeding and recovery programme. To date, the programme has successfully prevented the complete loss of this species, through the use of captive insurance populations and predator‐barrier fences, but has not yet delivered recovery in the wild. The key threats to this bandicoot are habitat loss and introduced predators; both difficult to mitigate. An active multi‐agency Recovery Team operates to conserve the Eastern barred bandicoot, manage recovery actions, and promote awareness and advocacy. The captive‐breeding programme has produced 920 offspring, 551 of which have been released to free‐ranging sites. Despite a slight but steady decline in genetic diversity over the duration of the programme, there does not appear to have been a significant loss of genetic fitness in the population, based on breeding rates, litter size and longevity. Animals have been released at a total of nine sites, with Eastern barred bandicoots currently present and breeding at four fox‐free locations. An ambitious plan is under way to more than double the current population to over 2500 individuals across several large self‐sustaining populations. This plan includes assisted colonization to fox‐free islands outside the natural range of the bandicoot and trialling the use of guardian dogs to protect unfenced, free‐ranging populations. Implementation of this Recovery Plan over the next 4 years will involve an array of conservation partners, and aims to down list the conservation status of the species and secure its future in the wild.
Randomized controlled trial of Functional Family Therapy for offending and antisocial behavior in UK youth
Authors: Humayun Sajid , Herlitz Lauren , Chesnokov Melanie , Doolan Moira , Landau Sabine , Scott Stephen 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundYouth offending and antisocial behavior (ASB) are associated with low quality mental health and relationships and usually lead to poor adult functioning; they are very costly for society. Family interventions are effective in children but there are few reliably effective and inexpensive interventions for adolescents. Functional Family Therapy (FFT) is an evidence‐based intervention but seldom tested outside the United States.MethodsOne hundred and eleven adolescents (10–17 years of age, M = 15.0, SD = 1.63) and their families were randomized to FFT + Management As Usual (MAU) (n = 65) or to MAU (n = 46). Assessments were made at baseline 6, and 18 months after randomization and included interviews and questionnaires of parenting behaviors, conduct disorders (CDs) and offending. Parent–child interaction was directly observed and police records obtained. Trial registration: ISRCTN27650478.ResultsEighty‐nine (80%) were followed‐up. In both groups, there were large reductions over time in all measures of offending and antisocial behavior (e.g. primary outcome p < 0.001), but no significant changes over time in parenting behavior or the parent–child relationship. However, there were no differences between intervention and control groups at 6 or 18 months on self‐reported delinquency, police records of offending, symptoms or diagnoses of CDs, parental monitoring or supervision, directly observed child negative behavior, or parental positive or negative behavior. Against predictions, the intervention group showed lower levels of directly observed child positive behavior at 18 months compared to controls.ConclusionsIn contrast to most previous trials of FFT, FFT+MAU did not lead to greater reductions in youth ASB and offending compared to MAU alone, and did not lead to improvements in parenting or the parent–child relationship. This may be because the trial was more rigorously conducted than prior studies; equally, the possibility that MAU was effective requires further research.
The Role of the Mining Industry in a Circular Economy: A Framework for Resource Management at the Mine Site Level
Authors: Lèbre Éléonore , Corder Glen , Golev Artem 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe circular economy (CE) concept advocates drastically reduced primary resource extraction in favor of secondary material flowing through internal loops. However, it is unreasonable to think that society will not need any resources, for example, metals, from mining activities in the short, medium, or longer term. This article explores the role of the mining industry in transitioning to the CE and shows that mines can make significant progress if they apply the CE principles at the mine site level. Circular flows within the economy aim at keeping resources in use for as long as possible and limit final waste disposal. Likewise, operating mines for as long as minerals can be extracted at acceptable environmental costs, thus minimizing the loss of a nonrenewable resource, can be viewed as a contribution of the mining industry to CE objectives. To test this idea, we propose a framework where the conservation of nonrenewable resources is a core concern. The first part establishes a set of material flow indicators relevant to a mine project. The second part considers the entire mine's life cycle, in particular, the consequences of interruptions in activities on material losses. The framework is then illustrated by a case study of the Mount Morgan mine in Australia, where three distinct extractive strategies were applied throughout its history. The results from applying the framework show that proactive and preventive management of mining waste provides significant environmental benefits and generates value from mine waste. These outcomes illustrate that the concept of the CE can be applied in a practical manner to a mining operation.
Recent developments in structural studies on acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Silman Israel , Sussman Joel L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis review focuses on several recent developments concerning structure–function relationships in vertebrate acetylcholinesterase. These include studies on high‐resolution structures of human acetylcholinesterase and its complexes; the first crystal structure of a snake venom acetylcholinesterase, in which open and closed states of the ‘back door’ are visualized; a powerful algorithm for redesigning proteins for enhanced expression in prokaryotic systems, as applied to human acetylcholinesterase, which has hitherto been an intractable target; in situ implementation of ‘click chemistry’ in crystalline acetylcholinesterase, which yields novel insights into the steric and dynamic changes involved in the reaction within the active‐site gorge; and a study that demonstrates the effect of crystallization conditions on ligand alignment within a protein complex, in this case the methylene blue–Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase complex, which highlights the relevance of the precipitant employed to structure‐based drug design.This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
image
Incubatory environment of the scalp impacts pre‐emergent hair to affect post‐emergent hair cuticle integrity
Authors: Schwartz James R. , Henry James P. , Kerr Kathy M. , Flagler Michael J. , Page Steve H. , Redman‐Furey Nancy 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectivesTo determine whether the oxidative stress transmitted to newly grown hair from an unhealthy scalp has physical consequences to the cuticular condition and function.MethodsA uniquely designed 24‐week clinical study included 8 weeks of pretreatment with a cosmetic shampoo and 16 weeks of treatment with either a potentiated zinc pyrithione (ZPT) antidandruff shampoo or a placebo cosmetic shampoo. This clinical design allowed the growth and acquisition of hair samples under conditions of varying but known scalp health as a result of treating a dandruff/seborrheic dermatitis (D/SD) population. Two complementary methods were used to characterize the integrity of the cuticular surface. Hair surface hydrophobicity was assessed by quantifying water wetting force using a Wilhelmy balance method. Surface structure and porosity were assessed using dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) to gravimetrically quantify water sorption.ResultsChemical oxidative stress to pre‐emergent hair has been shown to have negative consequences to hair surface structure. Compared to a placebo shampoo control, use of a potentiated ZPT shampoo improved scalp health and significantly improved the following attributes associated with healthy hair: hair surface hydrophobicity (surface energy) and cuticular moisture barrier effectiveness (dynamic vapor sorption).ConclusionsPre‐emergent hair can be negatively impacted by the oxidative stress that occurs with an unhealthy scalp, possibly due to metabolic activity of resident microbes. Manifestations of the oxidative stress include altered cuticle surface properties that are responsible for its protective function; these effects are similar in type to those observed by bleaching post‐emergent hair. These alterations have the potential to make the hair, once emerged from the scalp, more susceptible to the cumulative physical and chemical insults responsible for hair feel and look, fiber integrity, and overall retention.
Do Cash Flows of Growth Stocks Really Grow Faster?
Authors: CHEN HUAFENG (JASON) 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTContrary to conventional wisdom, growth stocks (i.e., low book‐to‐market stocks) do not have substantially higher future cash‐flow growth rates than value stocks, in both rebalanced and buy‐and‐hold portfolios. Efficiency growth, survivorship and look‐back biases, and the rebalancing effect help explain the results. These findings suggest that duration alone is unlikely to explain the value premium.
Consumer Ruthlessness and Mortgage Default during the 2007 to 2009 Housing Bust
Authors: BHUTTA NEIL , DOKKO JANE , SHAN HUI 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTFrom 2007 to 2009 U.S. house prices plunged and mortgage defaults surged. While ostensibly consistent with widespread “ruthless default,” analysis of detailed mortgage and house price data indicates that borrowers do not walk away until they are deeply underwater—far deeper than traditional models predict. The evidence suggests that lender recourse is not the major driver of this result. We argue that emotional and behavioral factors play an important role in decisions to continue paying. Borrower reluctance to walk away implies that the moral hazard cost of default as a form of social insurance may be lower than suspected.
Birthweight and cardiovascular risk factors in a Japanese general population
Authors: Katsuragi Shinji , Okamura Tomonori , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Ikeda Tomoaki , Miyamoto Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThis study was conducted to examine whether babies born small develop cardiovascular problems in later life.MethodsData were examined retrospectively for 1241 city dwellers (men 521, women 720) aged 40–69 years who received a medical examination at a single institution. Blood tests, physical measurements, and a questionnaire survey regarding birth weight (small, medium, large), medication history and lifestyle (alcohol consumption, smoking, exercise) was administered. We selected 28 persons (12 men and 16 women) from and studied the rate of conformity between the participants’ memory (small, medium, large) and the actual birth weight recorded in their maternal and child health handbook (< 2500, 2500–3500, > 3500 g).ResultsParticipants’ recall of their birth weight correlated well with the weight recorded in the maternal notebook (r = 0.73; P < 0.025). Low‐density lipoprotein (P < 0.05), and total cholesterol (P < 0.01) levels in men, and systolic (P < 0.05) and diastolic (P < 0.05) blood pressure in women were significantly inversely related to birth weight when controlling for age, body mass index, medication, and lifestyle. The percentage of women born small, medium, and large taking antidiabetic agents was 17.8%, 2.9% and 0% (P < 0.05), respectively.ConclusionA low birth weight was associated with high low‐density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels in men, and hypertension and diabetes mellitus in women aged 40–69.
Refractory thoracic endometriosis syndrome with bilateral hemothorax
Authors: Lua Lannah L. , Tran Kevin , Desai Jyoti 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES) is a rare disorder presenting with catamenial pneumothorax, hemothorax, hemoptysis or pulmonary nodules. Bilateral involvement is uncommon, and only a very few cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of bilateral catamenial hemothorax in a patient with recurrent thoracic endometriosis. Despite multiple surgical interventions, the patient continued to develop hemopneumothorax coinciding with menses. Remission was finally achieved with the addition of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist, highlighting the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant hormone therapy and supporting a combined surgical and medical approach in the treatment of TES in patients who desire future fertility.
Treatment using tadalafil for severe pre‐eclampsia with fetal growth restriction
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Kubo Michiko , Nii Masafumi , Maki Sintarou , Umekawa Takashi , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFor severe pre‐eclampsia (PE) with fetal growth restriction (FGR), the only effective treatment is early delivery of the placenta. Clinicians are often forced to end the pregnancy because of maternal indications. We report a case of severe PE with FGR in which the PE was temporarily improved and pregnancy successfully prolonged with tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor. A 35‐year‐old primigravid woman presented at 27 3/7 weeks of gestation with severe PE and FGR. After commencing tadalafil administration, biochemical and angiogenic markers improved. Thereafter, hypertension and proteinuria temporarily improved. Importantly, the pregnancy was prolonged by 14 days after the initiation of tadalafil administration. Tadalafil may be a novel treatment for severe PE with FGR to prolong pregnancy.
The P2X7 receptor–NLRP3 inflammasome complex predicts the development of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in Sjogren's syndrome: a prospective, observational, single‐centre study
Authors: Baldini C. , Santini E. , Rossi C. , Donati V. , Solini A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundP2X7 receptor (P2X7R), trigger of acute inflammatory responses via the NLRP3 inflammasome, is hyperfunctioning in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), where it stimulates IL‐18 production. Some patients with SS develop a mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (MALT‐NHL).ObjectivesTo prospectively evaluate the involvement and the putative prognostic role of this inflammatory pathway in the development of MALT‐NHL.MethodsA total of 147 women with SS have been prospectively followed for a mean of 52 months, relating the expression and function of the P2X7R–inflammasome axis in salivary glands and circulating lymphomonocytes to the prognosis and the degree of the disease.ResultsAt baseline, gene expression of P2X7R and of the inflammasome components NLRP3, caspase‐1 and IL‐18 increased according to the presence of germinative centres and was higher in autoantibody‐positive individuals and strongly higher in those developing a MALT‐NHL over the follow‐up. Glandular expression of IL‐18 was threefold higher in MALT‐NHL than in controls or in the other patients with SS. P2X7R did not colocalize with generic markers of inflammatory infiltrate, like CD20, being selectively expressed by epithelial cells. P2X4R, sharing functional characteristics with P2X7R, did not differ in SS and controls. The increased P2X7R gene and protein expression was tissue specific, no difference being observed in peripheral lymphomonocytes between SS with MALT‐NHL and SS not developing MALT‐NHL.ConclusionWe propose the P2X7R–inflammasome axis as a novel potential pathway involved in both SS exocrinopathy and lymphomagenesis, reinforcing the hypothesis of a key role of IL‐18, via its increased P2X7R‐mediated production, in the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative malignancies, and opening novel opportunities for the early diagnosis of lymphoproliferative complications and the development of potential targeted therapies.
The technological determinants of long‐run inequality
Authors: Canidio Andrea 
Published: May 2017

AbstractI explore the effect of skill‐biased technological change and unbiased technological progress on long‐run inequality using a theoretical model in which the supply of skilled and unskilled workers is endogenous. The main assumption of the model is that young agents can finance their education and become skilled workers by borrowing against their future income on an imperfect credit market. I show that whenever the rate of unbiased technological progress is sufficiently high there is no steady‐state inequality, independent of the degree of skill bias. If instead the rate of unbiased technological progress is low, then the long‐run skill premium increases with the technological skill bias. Therefore, similarly to the short run, in the long run higher technological skill bias may cause higher inequality. However, contrary to the short run, in the long run unbiased technological progress is more important than technological skill bias in determining inequality. I also discuss how the efficiency of the educational technology and the degree of financial development affect long‐run inequality.
Influence of feeding a fish oil‐containing diet to mature, overweight dogs: Effects on lipid metabolites, postprandial glycaemia and body weight
Authors: de Godoy M. R. C. , McLeod K. R. , Harmon D. L. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding a fish oil (FO)‐containing diet on lipid and protein metabolism, postprandial glycaemia and body weight (BW) of mature, overweight dogs. Seven female dogs were randomly assigned to one of two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets, control (CO) or FO (FO), in a crossover design. Experimental periods were 69 day, separated by a washout period of 30 day. At the beginning of the experiment, and at 30 and 60 day of feeding the experimental diets, the dogs were infused with D‐glucose (2 g/kg BW) through an intravenous catheter. Blood samples were collected for 3 hr to perform a glucose tolerance test. Nitrogen balance measurements began at 06:30 on d 63 of each experimental period and ended at 06:30 on d 69. On d 66 of each period, a single dose (7.5 mg/kg) of 15N‐glycine was administered orally for determination of protein turnover. Incremental area under the curve and glucose concentration at peak did not differ between treatments or among sampling days within treatment. Glucose half‐life tended to decrease (p < .10) in the FO treatment on day 30 when compared to baseline (day 0). β‐hydroxybutyrate, non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and triglycerides did not differ within or between treatments. Cholesterol decreased (p < .05) on the FO treatment on day 30, 60 and 69 when compared to day 0. High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) decreased (p < .05) in the FO treatment on day 69 when compared to day 0. Body weight, food intake, faecal excretion, DM and N digestibilities, N balance and protein turnover were not different between diets. Overall, FO‐containing diet decreases cholesterol in mature overweight dogs; however, further research is warranted to verify the effects of FO on glucose metabolism.
Effects of maternal treatment with β‐hydroxy‐β‐metylbutyrate and 2‐oxoglutaric acid on femur development in offspring of minks of the standard dark brown type
Authors: Tomaszewska E. , Dobrowolski P. , Świetlicka I. , Muszyński S. , Kostro K. , Jakubczak A. , Taszkun I. , Żmuda A. , Rycerz K. , Blicharski T. , Jaworska‐Adamu J. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the diet, mother type and sex of the offspring on the mechanical and geometric parameters of long bones as well as bone tissue density in minks. Primiparous and multiparous dams were supplemented with β‐hydroxy β‐methylbutyrate (a metabolite of leucine, at the daily dosage of 0.02 g/kg of body weight) and/or 2‐oxoglutaric acid (a precursor of glutamine, at the daily dosage of 0.4 g/kg of body weight) during gestation. The diet did not influence bone tissue density and the length of the humerus. An increase in the length of the femur was noted in male offspring delivered by multiparous dams. The diet resulted in an increase in the weight of the humerus in males from multiparous dams and a decrease in offspring from primiparous dams. Heavier femora were noted in male offspring delivered by both types of dams. The maximum elastic strength of the humerus was higher in the offspring delivered by multiparous than primiparous dams, irrespective of the offspring sex. The diet resulted in reduction in the ultimate strength of the femur in the male offspring delivered by primiparous dams. Only females born by multiparous dams, irrespective of the diet, showed a significant increase in the cross‐sectional area of the humerus, while a significant decline was noted in males delivered by multiparous dams and in all the offspring delivered by primiparous dams. An increase in the cross‐sectional area of the femur was noted in the offspring delivered by multiparous dams, while reduction was observed in the offspring delivered by primiparous dams. These results have shown for the first time that the presence of β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate or 2‐oxoglutaric acid in the diet of pregnant primiparous or multiparous dams unambiguously affects the geometry and mechanical properties of offspring's long bones.
Effects of space allocations and energy levels on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing and finishing pigs
Authors: Lei X. J. , Yan L. , Kim Y. M. , Kim I. H. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted to investigate effects of different space allocations and different dietary metabolizable energy (ME) levels on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing and finishing pigs. In experiment 1, a total of 84 growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an initial body weight (BW) of 27.10 ± 1.60 kg were used in a 5‐week trial. Pigs were blocked based on initial BW into a 2 × 2 factorial design with the following factors: (i) 0.60 or 0.80 m2/pig space allocations; and (ii) 3,400 or 3,550 kcal/kg ME of diets. In experiment 2, a total of 84 finishing pigs with an initial BW of 67.43 ± 1.97 kg were used in a 10‐week trial. Pigs were allotted based on initial BW into a 2 × 2 factorial design with the following factors: (i) 0.81 or 1.08 m2/pig space allocations; and (ii) 3,300 or 3,450 kcal/kg ME of diet. In experiment 1, high ME diet improved gain‐to‐feed ratio (G:F) in pigs with low space allocation but not in pigs in high space allocation (p < .05). Additionally, high ME diet increased apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nitrogen in low space allocation but decreased ATTD of nitrogen in high space allocation (p < .05). In experiment 2, high ME diet improved average daily gain (ADG) and G:F in early‐finishing pigs with low space allocation but not in pigs with high space allocation (p < .05). In conclusion, the provision of high ME diets was not enough to overcome the reduction in growth performance due to low space allocation but can improve feed efficiency in growing pigs and daily gain and feed efficiency early‐finishing pigs.