bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Happy Wife, Happy Life: Food Choices in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Hasford Jonathan , Kidwell Blair , Lopez-Kidwell Virginie 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The authors extend research on dyadic decision making by examining how relationship partners influence consumer eating patterns. Using research from relationship science and evolutionary psychology, the authors find that romantic relationship motives of formation and maintenance influence eating behaviors. Specifically, females are influenced by the eating patterns (i.e., healthiness/unhealthiness) of males when relationship formation motives are active, while males are influenced by the eating patterns of females when relationship maintenance motives are active. Furthermore, perceptions of relational influence differ between relationship formation and maintenance, which underlies these observed effects. This research contributes to the consumer behavior literature by revealing the powerful influence of relationships on food consumption.
Featured Article: Community Crime Exposure and Risk for Obesity in Preschool Children: Moderation by the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal-Axis Response
Authors: Gartstein Maria A , Seamon Erich , Thompson Stephanie F , Lengua Liliana J 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objective
Identification of early risk factors related to obesity is critical to preventative public health efforts. In this study, we investigated links between the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA)-axis activity (diurnal cortisol pattern), geospatially operationalized exposure to neighborhood crime, and body mass index (BMI) for a sample of 5-year-old children. Greater community crime exposure and lower HPA-axis activity were hypothesized to contribute to higher BMI, with child HPA-axis moderating the association between crime exposure and BMI.

Method
Families residing within the boundaries of the City of Seattle (N = 114) provided information concerning demographic/psychosocial risk factors, used to calculate a Cumulative Risk Index, indicating the number of contextual adversities present. Child BMI and diurnal cortisol pattern (derived from assays of saliva samples) were examined, along with neighborhood crime indices computed with publically available information, based on participants’ locations.

Results
Hierarchical multiple regression analyses, adjusted for covariates (cumulative risk, age, and sex), indicated that crime proximity made a unique contribution to child BMI, in the direction signaling an increase in the risk for obesity. Consistent with our hypothesis, a significant interaction was observed, indicative of moderation by diurnal cortisol pattern. Follow-up simple slope analyses demonstrated that crime exposure was significantly related to higher BMI for children with low-flat (blunted) diurnal cortisol patterns, where community crime and BMI were not significantly associated at higher levels of cortisol.

Conclusion
Community crime exposure contributes to higher BMI as early as the preschool period, and blunted diurnal cortisol patterns may place children experiencing neighborhood adversity at greater risk for obesity.
Risk of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease for Health Care Workers: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Uden Lydia , Barber Ella , Ford Nathan , Cooke Graham S 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major challenge to global health. Healthcare workers (HCWs) appear to be at increased risk of TB compared with the general population, despite efforts to scale up infection control and reduce nosocomial TB transmission. This review aims to provide an updated estimate of the occupational risk of latent TB infection (LTBI) and active TB among HCWs compared with the general population.

Methods
A systematic review was performed to identify studies published over the last 10 years reporting TB prevalence or incidence among HCWs and a control group. Pooled effect estimates were calculated to determine the risk of infection.

Results
Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, providing data on 30961 HCWs across 16 countries. Prevalence of LTBI among HCWs was 37%, and mean incidence rate of active TB was 97/100000 per year. Compared with the general population, the risk of LTBI was greater for HCWs (odds ratio [OR], 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.61–3.20), and the incidence rate ratio for active TB was 2.94 (95% CI, 1.67–5.19). Comparing tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay, OR for LTBI was found to be 1.72 and 5.61, respectively.

Conclusions
The overall risk of both LTBI and TB to HCWs continues to be significantly higher than that of the general population, consistent with previous findings. This study highlights the continuing need for improvements in infection control and HCW screening programs.
Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy associated with statins: history and recent developments
Authors: Tiniakou Eleni , Christopher-Stine Lisa 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of reviewThe use of statins has increased exponentially over the last 2 decades. Consequently, side effects have also increased, with muscle-related side effects commonly reported.Recent findingsAlthough once thought to be only associated with self-limited direct myotoxicity, statins have recently been described in association with an autoimmune myopathy in association with antibodies directed against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis and the pharmacologic target of statins. Since this discovery, various cohorts have been identified worldwide and highlight both similarities and differences among them.SummaryRecent studies from different fields have revealed diverse aspects of anti-HMGCR-associated immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). HMGCR IMNM is a unique autoimmune disease characterized by a well defined environmental trigger (statins) and a strong association with a genetic risk factor (Human leukocyte antigen D related B 1∗11 : 01). New diagnostic modalities have been established to confirm the presence of anti-HMGCR antibody and confirm the diagnosis of HMGCR IMNM. Clinical studies have shown that disease severity, as measured by muscle strength, as well as the rate of response to treatment have been associated with age at disease onset. Furthermore, a case series supported that intravenous immunoglobulin administration, perhaps even as monotherapy, may be a beneficial therapeutic intervention for selected patients.
Poorer Fusion Outcomes in Diabetic Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Patients Undergoing Single-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Does Not Compromise Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life
Authors: Liow Ming Han Lincoln , Lee Merrill , Goh Graham Seow-Hng , Chen Li Tat John , Yue Wai-Mun , Guo Chang Ming , Tan Seang Beng 
Published: August 2017

Study Design.
Retrospective matched pair cohort study using prospectively collected registry data.

Objectives.
The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with DM have poorer patient-reported outcomes and poorer fusion rates after undergoing a single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for cervical myelopathy.

Summary of Background Data.
ACDF remains the most common procedure in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM); however, there is a paucity of literature with regards to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) scores, and fusion rates post-ACDF in diabetic patients with CSM.

Methods.
From 2002 to 2012, 29 diabetic patients were matched with 29 nondiabetic controls. Patient demographics, perioperative data, and validated spine-specific scores including the Numerical Pain Rating Scale on Neck Pain and Upper Limb Pain, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) neck pain and disability scores, AAOS Neurogenic Symptoms Score, Neck Disability Index, Japanese Orthopaedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Score, and Short Form 36 Physical/Mental Component Summaries were recorded. Fusion rates based on Bridwell grading were assessed at 2 years.

Results.
After matching, there were no significant preoperative differences in patient demographics, clinical outcomes, PROMs or HRQoL measures between the DM and control group (P > 0.05). There was no difference in either length of hospital stay (P = 0.92) or length of surgery (P = 0.92) between the two groups. At 2 years postoperatively, there were no significant differences between validated spine-specific scores, PROMs, HRQoL scores, satisfaction rates, or fulfilment of expectations between the two groups. Significant poorer Bridwell fusion grades were noted in the DM group at 2 years postoperatively (P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis within the DM group demonstrated that glycated hemoglobin levels had no impact on functional outcomes, fulfilment of expectations, or patient satisfaction at 2 years (P > 0.05).

Conclusion.
Despite poorer fusion outcomes following single-level ACDF for symptomatic CSM, there was no significant difference in validated spine outcome scores, PROMs, HRQoL measures, or satisfaction levels when compared to nondiabetic controls at short-term follow-up.

Level of Evidence: 3
Heparin-Free Prolonged Intermittent Hemodialysis Using Calcium-Free Citrate Dialysate in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Faguer Stanislas , Saint-Cricq Morgane , Nogier Marie-Béatrice , Labadens Isabelle , Lavayssiere Laurence , Kamar Nassim , Cointault Olivier 
Published: August 2017

Objectives:
Critically ill patients who have a high risk of bleeding but require prolonged intermittent dialysis need a heparin-free easy-to-use alternative type of anticoagulation within the dialysis circuit. We assessed the safety and efficiency of heparin-free regional citrate anticoagulation of the dialysis circuit using a calcium-free citrate-containing dialysate, with calcium reinjected according to ionic dialysance.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Critical care units.

Patients:
Critically ill patients who required renal replacement therapy.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
A total of 101 dialysis sessions were performed in 35 patients (mechanical ventilation n = 78; norepinephrine n = 13). Median duration of dialysis was 294 minutes (interquartile range, 240–300), and median ultrafiltration volume was 2.3 L (1–2.8). Urea and β2-microglobulin reduction rates were 64.5% ± 0.4% and 48% ± 0.13%, respectively. Postfilter ionized calcium was 0.35 ± 0.17 and 0.38 ± 0.14 mmol/L at 1 and 3 hours, respectively, within the extracorporeal circuit. A major clotting event that led to premature termination of the session occurred in only three of 101 sessions. In these three cases, major catheter dysfunction occurred before clotting within the circuit. Prefilter ionized calcium remained within narrow ranges (before/after change +0.07 ± 0.006 mmol/L), and total-to-ionized calcium ratio, a surrogate marker for citratemia, was unchanged.

Conclusions:
Dialysis anticoagulation with calcium-free citrate-containing dialysate and calcium reinjection according to ionic dialysance is an easy-to-use, efficient, and inexpensive form of heparin-free regional anticoagulation. It allows prolonged hemodialysis sessions in critically ill patients without the need to systemically monitor ionized calcium. Furthermore, sessions can be safely extended according to the hemodynamic tolerance to ensure an adequate dose of dialysis and a negative water balance, a major point in patients with severe acute kidney disease.
Visibility of Optic Nerve Head Structures With Spectral-domain and Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Loureiro Mónica M. , Vianna Jayme R. , Danthurebandara Vishva M. , Sharpe Glen P. , Hutchison Donna M. , Nicolela Marcelo T. , Chauhan Balwantray C. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To compare the visibility of deep optic nerve head (ONH) structures and the visible area of the anterior surface of the lamina cribrosa (ASLC) with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and swept-source OCT (SS-OCT).

Materials and Methods:
In total, 33 glaucoma patients were imaged with SD-OCT (Spectralis, 24 radial B-scans centered on the ONH) and SS-OCT (Atlantis, 12 radial and a horizontal and vertical raster scan pattern containing 5 lines each, centered on the ONH). One of the SS-OCT horizontal and vertical scans that was best matching with the horizontal and vertical scan lines with those of SD-OCT was selected. All B-scans were then exported and deidentified. An independent observer determined whether the posterior choroid, border tissue, anterior scleral canal opening, and LC insertion into the sclera were detectable in the matched scan lines. Bruch membrane opening (BMO) and ASLC were segmented manually in radial scans. The segmented points were combined into a single plane and a linear interpolation was used to define BMO and ASLC areas.

Results:
The posterior choroid, border tissue, and anterior scleral canal opening were detectable in most patients (94% to 100%, 88% to 100%, and 76% to 100%, respectively) and were not different between SD-OCT and SS-OCT. The LC insertion detection rate was nonstatistically higher for SS-OCT compared with SD-OCT (58% to 85% vs. 42% to 73%; P>0.10). The mean (SD) ASLC visible area (percentage of the respective BMO area) was 124 (30%) with SD-OCT and 135 (32%) with SS-OCT (P<0.01).

Conclusion:
SD-OCT and SS-OCT had comparable detection rates of deep ONH structures; however, a larger area of ASLC was visible with SS-OCT.
Posterior Surgical Revision of Failed Fornix-based Trabeculectomy
Authors: Sobeih Doaa H. , Cotran Paul R. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate outcomes after revision of failed fornix-based trabeculectomy using a posterior conjunctival incision and mitomycin C.

Methods:
Cases were identified using Current Procedural Terminology codes. Information from clinical records was analyzed retrospectively. Complete success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤16 mm Hg with no glaucoma medications and IOP reduction of >20% from preoperative levels. Qualified success was defined as IOP≤16 with or without medications and IOP reduction of >20%. Secondary outcomes included IOP, number of glaucoma medications used, visual acuity, and complications.

Results:
Sixty eyes of 56 patients underwent surgical revision of failed trabeculectomy. The complete success rate at 1 year was 43.7%, declining to 41.7% at 2 years and all time points up to 5 years; qualified success rates were 68.9% at 1 year and at all subsequent time points. Mean IOP declined from 21.2±7.7 (SD) mm Hg preoperatively to 10.9±4.3 mm Hg at 1 year, to 10.5±3.8 mm Hg at 2 years, and to 9.9±4.6 mm Hg at 3 years. The mean number of glaucoma medications used fell from 2.5±0.5 preoperatively to 1.0±0.4 at 1 year, 0.9±0.4 at 2 years, and 0.9±0.4 at 3 years. Complications included bleb leak in 3 eyes (5.0%), hypotony with choroidal detachment in 3 eyes (5.0%) and hyphema in 1 eye (1.7%). Eight eyes required additional glaucoma surgery.

Conclusions:
Surgical bleb revision with mitomycin C using a posterior incision in cases of failed fornix-based trabeculectomy can provide effective control of IOP. This conjunctiva-sparing procedure should be considered as a viable alternative to a tube shunt or repeat trabeculectomy.
Cost-effectiveness of Phacoemulsification Versus Combined Phacotrabeculectomy for Treating Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Chan Poemen P. , Li Emmy Y. , Tsoi Kelvin K.F. , Kwong Yolanda Y. , Tham Clement C. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to compare the cost effectiveness of phacoemulsification and combined phacotrabeculectomy for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes with coexisting cataract.

Methods:
Real-life data of 2 previous randomized control trials that involved 51 medically uncontrolled PACG eyes and 72 medically controlled PACG eyes were utilized to calculate the direct cost of treatment. They were followed-up for 2 years. Cost of preoperative assessments, surgical interventions, additional procedures for managing complications and maintenance of filtration, postoperative follow-up, and cost of medications were considered. Cost data of 3 different regions (The United States, People’s Republic of China, and Hong Kong) were used for comparison.

Results:
The corresponding average costs for treating 1 eye with newly diagnosed PACG by phacoemulsification alone and combined phacotrabeculectomy were US$3479 and US$2439 in the United States, US$1051 and US$861 in China, and US$6856 and US$12087 in Hong Kong. Surgical and medications costs were the 2 key contributors. Combined phacotrabeculectomy was more cost-effective for IOP reduction when calculating with the United States and China cost data, but was less cost-effective when calculating with the Hong Kong cost data. The cost-effectiveness was insensitive to the costs of follow-up visit and investigations, the cost of surgical operations, and the cost of postoperative procedures, but sensitive to the cost fluctuation of medications. Furthermore, for the medically uncontrolled PACG group, phacoemulsification alone became more cost-effective when the cost of medication was reduced by >75%.

Conclusions:
Combined phacotrabeculectomy is a more cost-effective option for lowering IOP in PACG eyes with coexisting cataract, over a 2-year follow-up period.
Microbial Contamination on Touch Surfaces in Sick- and Well-Child Waiting Rooms in Pediatric Outpatient Facilities
Authors: Gudakova Irina , Kim JinYoung , Meredith Jennifer F. , Webb Ginny 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Healthcare-associated infections are a significant public health burden resulting in approximately 1.7 million infections each year. Much work is done to study the contributing factors in inpatient settings; however, little has been done to study outpatient facilities and their roles in healthcare-associated infections. While many pediatric outpatient offices utilize separated waiting areas for sick and well children to decrease the spread of disease, research has not been done to determine whether this practice is of benefit. In this study, we aimed to determine whether there is a difference in microbial burden between sick- and well-child waiting areas and to identify surfaces with the highest levels of contamination.

Methods:
Touch surfaces in waiting rooms were swabbed and surveyed for total microbial growth, staphylococcal growth and Gram-negative enteric bacterial growth. Selected bacteria were identified to screen for pathogenic organisms. Surfaces sampled included seats, tables, children’s tables, children’s seats, magazines and books.

Results:
We found seats, children’s seats and children’s books to have the highest microbial burden. No conclusions can be made on the differences in microbial contamination in sick- and well-child waiting areas because of high variation. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated as were several opportunistic pathogens.

Conclusions:
This study suggests the need for better cleaning practices by pediatric outpatient facilities, to include the disinfection of additional surfaces as well as more frequent and thorough cleaning.
Advances in treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Authors: Hsu Emory , Nanes Mark 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
The aim of this study is to summarize monitoring, prevention and treatment options of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis for patients on chronic glucocorticoid therapy.

Recent findings
Recent meta-analyses highlight the efficacy of bisphosphonate use in improving bone mineral density and in reducing vertebral fractures in the setting of long-term glucocorticoid use. A new study has now shown that alendronate also reduces the risk of hip fracture in glucocorticoid use. Emerging data indicate that teriparatide and denosumab also reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

Summary
Glucocorticoid use is a leading cause of secondary osteoporosis; however, patients at risk of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis are often not evaluated or treated in a timely manner. Patients on a dose equivalent of 2.5 mg prednisone or greater for 3 months or longer duration should have their fracture risk assessed. Those at moderate or high risk should start bisphosphonate therapy, or if contraindicated, a second-line agent such as teriparatide or denosumab.
Cecal intubation time between cap-assisted water exchange and water exchange colonoscopy: a randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Tseng Chih-Wei , Koo Malcolm , Hsieh Yu-Hsi 
Published: August 2017

Background and aim
The water exchange (WE) method can decrease the discomfort of the patients undergoing colonoscopy. It also provides salvage cleansing and improves adenoma detection, but a longer intubation time is required. Cap-assisted colonoscopy leads to a significant reduction in cecal intubation time compared with traditional colonoscopy with air insufflation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether combined cap-assisted colonoscopy and water exchange (CWE) could decrease the cecal intubation time compared with WE.

Patients and methods
A total of 120 patients undergoing fully sedated colonoscopy at a regional hospital in southern Taiwan were randomized to colonoscopy with either CWE (n=59) or WE (n=61). The primary endpoint was cecal intubation time.

Results
The mean cecal intubation time was significantly shorter in CWE (12.0 min) compared with WE (14.8 min) (P=0.004). The volume of infused water during insertion was lower in CWE (840 ml) compared with WE (1044 ml) (P=0.003). The adenoma detection rate was 50.8 and 47.5% for CWE and WE, respectively (P=0.472). The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale scores were comparable in the two groups. Results from the multiple linear regression analysis indicated that WE with a cap, a higher degree of endoscopist’s experience, a higher Boston Bowel Preparation Scale score, and a lower volume of water infused during insertion, without abdominal compression, without change of position, and without chronic laxative use, were significantly associated with a shorter cecal intubation time.

Conclusion
In comparison with WE, CWE could shorten the cecal intubation time and required lower volume of water infusion during insertion without compromising the cleansing effect of WE.