bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MR feature tracking in patients with MRI‐conditional pacing systems: The impact of pacing
Authors: van der Graaf A.W. Maurits , Bhagirath Pranav , Scheffer Mike G. , de Medina Ramon Robles , Götte Marco J.W. 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo develop feature tracking (FT) software to perform strain analysis on conventional (nontagged) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) function images. With the advent of MRI‐conditional pacemaker systems, effects of cardiac pacing on myocardial strain can be studied using MR. In this study the impact of pacing on left ventricular (LV) strain was investigated using MR‐FT in patients with an MRI‐conditional cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED).Materials and MethodsFT was performed on 32 1.5T MR studies (16 patients with an MRI‐conditional CIED and 16 control patients with normal scans). Short‐ and long‐axis steady state free precession (SSFP) cines were used for the FT analysis. Strain was assessed using CVI42 software (Circle Cardiovascular Imaging, Alberta, Canada). In addition, the intra‐ and interobserver variability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient.ResultsOf the 16 patients with an MRI‐conditional CIED, five patients were paced during the MRI exam. Despite the occasional presence of susceptibility artifacts induced by the CIED, radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain parameters could be derived for all patients. Peak radial strain and peak circumferential strain were reduced during pacing when compared to the control group; for radial strain: 20.1 ± 4.7% vs. 33.1 ± 6.9%, P < 0.001, and for circumferential strain –7.5 ± 3.5% vs. –14.9 ± 3.2%, P < 0.05. Peak strain parameters were reproducible on an intra‐ and interobserver level.ConclusionMR‐FT is feasible in patients with an MRI‐conditional CIED and can be used to quantify regional wall motion. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:964–971.
Multiparametric whole‐body anatomic, functional, and metabolic imaging characteristics of peripheral lesions in patients with schwannomatosis
Authors: Ahlawat Shivani , Baig Asad , Blakeley Jaishri O. , Jacobs Michael A. , Fayad Laura M. 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo describe the anatomic, functional, and metabolic characteristics of peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) in patients with schwannomatosis (SWN) on whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (WB‐MRI) (anatomic and functional imaging) and fluorine‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography / computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT) (metabolic imaging).Materials and MethodsWB‐MRIs at 1.5T and 3.0T performed in 13 SWN subjects using short tau inversion recovery (STIR), T1‐weighted (T1W), contrast‐enhanced T1W, and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping and FDG‐PET/CT were retrospectively reviewed. Two readers reviewed all imaging for the presence and character of peripheral lesions (size, imaging features, ADC values, and standardized uptake values [SUVmax]) and ancillary findings. Descriptive statistics are reported.ResultsIn all, 153 index lesions were characterized in 13 patients on WB‐MRI. Lesions were characterized as tumors (97% [149/153]) or cysts (3% [4/153]); 96% (143/149) PNSTs were solitary while 4% (6/149) were plexiform. The median size was 2.3 cm (range 1–24.3 cm). On T1W, 99% (148/149) tumors were homogeneously isointense; on STIR, 81% (121/149) tumors were heterogeneously hyperintense; on postcontrast T1W, 81% (100/123) tumors enhanced heterogeneously; on DWI, tumor ADC values (×10‐3mm2/s) were variable (minimum ADC range 0.3–2.2, average ADC range 0.9–2.9). The median SUVmax was 6 (range 2.1–11.7) and 10 (2.7–15.3) on early and delayed imaging, respectively. Malignant degeneration was detected in 1% (1/149) with suspicious anatomic, functional, and metabolic characteristics. Ancillary findings included nerve root thickening (23% [3/13]) and spinal canal lesions (15% [2/13]).ConclusionAlthough the majority of the PNSTs in SWN are benign and solitary, PNSTs can be plexiform, enlarge over time, and, rarely, undergo malignant degeneration. Due to the high metabolic activity in benign PNSTs by FDG‐PET/CT in SWN, WB‐MRI with functional sequences maybe a more suitable technique for the assessment of disease burden, tumor characterization, and surveillance. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:794–803.
Utility of an allograft tendon for scoliosis correction via the costo‐transverse foreman
Authors: Sun Dong , McCarthy Michael , Dooley Adam C. , Ramakrishnaiah Raghu H. , Shelton R. Shane , McLaren Sandra G. , Skinner Robert A. , Suva Larry J. , McCarthy Richard E. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTCurrent convex tethering techniques for treatment of scoliosis have centered on anterior convex staples or polypropylene tethers. We hypothesized that an allograft tendon tether inserted via the costo‐transverse foramen would correct an established spinal deformity. In the pilot study, six 8‐week‐old pigs underwent allograft tendon tethering via the costo‐transverse foreman or sham to test the strength of the transplanted tendon to retard spine growth. After 4 months, spinal deformity in three planes was induced in all animals with allograft tendons. In the treatment study, the allograft tendon tether was used to treat established scoliosis in 11 8‐week‐old pigs (spinal deformity > 50°). Once the deformity was observed (4 months) animals were assigned to either no treatment group or allograft tendon tether group and progression assessed by monthly radiographs. At final follow‐up, coronal Cobb angle and maximum vertebral axial rotation of the treatment group was significantly smaller than the non‐treatment group, whereas sagittal kyphosis of the treatment group was significantly larger than the non‐treatment group. In sum, a significant correction was achieved using a unilateral allograft tendon spinal tether, suggesting that an allograft tendon tethering approach may represent a novel fusion‐less procedure to correct idiopathic scoliosis. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:183–192, 2017.
High‐resolution stimulated Raman spectroscopy and analysis of line positions and assignments for the ν2 and ν3 bands of 13C2H4
Authors: Alkadrou A. , Rotger M. , Bermejo D. , Doménech J. L. , Boudon V. 
Published: March 2016

High‐resolution stimulated Raman spectra of13C2H4 in the regions of the ν2 and ν3 Raman active modes have been recorded at two temperatures (145 and 296 K) based on the quasi continuous‐wave (cw) stimulated Raman spectrometer at Instituto de Estructura de la Materia IEM‐CSIC in Madrid. A tensorial formalism adapted to X2Y4 planar asymmetric tops with D2h symmetry (developed in Dijon) and a program suite called D2hTDS (now part of the XTDS/SPVIEW spectroscopic software) were proposed to analyze and calculate the high‐resolution spectra. A total of 103 and 51 lines corresponding to ν2 and ν3 Raman active modes have been assigned and fitted in wavenumber with a global root mean square deviation of 0.54 × 10−3 and 0.36 × 10−3 cm−1, respectively. Due to the fact that the Raman scattering effect is weak, we did not perform in this contribution the line intensities analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Actein protects against methylglyoxal‐induced oxidative damage in osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells
Authors: Suh Kwang Sik , Chon Suk , Choi Eun Mi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethylglyoxal (MG) is an endogenous product of glucose metabolism known to be toxic to cells and to be present in elevated concentrations under certain pathophysiological conditions. In the present study the effect of actein isolated from black cohosh on MG‐induced cytotoxicity was investigated in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells.RESULTSTreatment of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells with actein prevented MG‐induced cell death and the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial superoxide, inflammatory cytokines and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end‐products (sRAGE). In addition, actein increased the activity of glyoxalase I and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). These findings suggest that actein protects against MG‐induced cell damage by reducing oxidative stress and increasing MG detoxification. Treatment with actein prior to MG exposure reduced MG‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction by preventing mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) loss. Additionally, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC‐1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF‐1) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were significantly increased by actein, suggesting that actein may induce mitochondrial biogenesis.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that actein reduces MG‐induced damage in osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells by enhancing antioxidant defenses, the glyoxalase system and mitochondrial biogenesis. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Valorisation of untreated cane molasses for enhanced phytase production by Bacillus subtilis K46b and its potential role in dephytinisation
Authors: Rocky‐Salimi Karim , Hashemi Maryam , Safari Mohammad , Mousivand Maryam 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe high cost of phytase production is the most limiting factor in its application in animal feeds. The present study aimed to develop a low‐cost medium for production of a novel phytase in submerged fermentation using inexpensive agro‐industrial by‐products. The applicability of phytase in dephytinisation of commonly used food/feed ingredients, i.e. soybean meal and wheat bran, was also investigated.RESULTSUsing a one‐factor‐at‐a‐time approach, soybean meal and cane molasses were identified as significant agro‐industrial by‐products and these factors were subsequently optimised using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design was employed to further enhance phytase yield. Under optimum conditions of soybean meal 22.3 g L−1, cane molasses 100 g L−1 and 39 h fermentation, phytase production increased to 56.562 U mL−1, indicating more than 28‐fold enhancement. The enzyme efficiently dephytinised wheat bran and soybean meal after 24 h incubation at 56.5 °C and increased inorganic phosphate content by 240% and 155%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSoybean meal and cane molasses were successfully used for enhancement of phytase production as economical carbon, nitrogen and phytic acid sources using RSM. The phytase showed a good capability to dephytinise wheat bran and soybean meal, demonstrating that the enzyme can be considered as a potential candidate for industrial food and feed applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Recent developments in identifying and quantifying emotions during food consumption
Authors: Kenney Erica , Adhikari Koushik 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEmotions and the consumption of food and beverages are inextricably intertwined. As the fields of sensory and consumer science seek to better conceptualize the consumer experience, interest in emotion measurement is growing. Emotions can provide key information to differentiate between products and predict consumer choice as well as give more detail about product perception. There are several emotion measurement instruments, including physiological methods and facial recognition, self‐reported verbal emotion measurement and self‐reported visual emotion measurement. This review discusses the purpose of measuring emotions, what is the definition of an emotion, what different instruments are available, and touches upon some promising research to deepen the connection between food and emotions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma: A systematic review
Authors: Cheng Hao , Miura John T. , Lalehzari Mona , Rajeev Rahul , Donahue Amy E. , Bedi Meena , Gamblin T. Clark , Turaga Kiran K. , Johnston Fabian M. 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectivesThe multi‐modal treatment of retroperitoneal sarcoma has seen increased use of neoadjuvant radiation. However, its effect on local recurrence and survival remain controversial. We aimed to synthesize and evaluate the literature.MethodsThe review was conducted according the recommendation of the Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group with pre‐specified inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsOf 8,701 citations collected, 15 articles reported on 464 patients. The median age was 56 years (45–64). The predominant histological subtypes were liposarcoma (51.54%) and leiomyosarcoma (23.26%). Tumor differentiation composed of 37.1% well‐, 12.8% moderate‐, 46.0% poorly‐, and 4.1% undifferentiated. Most studies featured external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) treatment regimen with some who included patients treated with IMRT instead. Median follow‐up averaged 41.4 months (19–106 months). Median 5‐year OS, PFS, and LRR rates were 58%, 71.5%, and 25%. Using the NCI CTCAE, toxicities from Grade 1 (Mild) through Grade 5 (death) were experienced by 18.8%, 10.2%, 16.3%, 0.7%, and 1.6% of patients.ConclusionsNART is a safe to use for RPS, but its effect toward survival and local control remains unclear. Without randomized control trials, common reporting criteria for pro‐ and retrospective studies are needed to allow comparison between studies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:628–634. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rehabilitation and post‐release monitoring of two wolves with severe injuries
Authors: Rio‐Maior Helena , Beja Pedro , Nakamura Mónia , Santos Nuno , Brandão Ricardo , Sargo Roberto , Dias Isabel , Silva Filipe , Álvares Francisco 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTInjured free‐ranging wolves (Canis lupus) are often rehabilitated and released into the wild, but there is limited data on their post‐release survival and behavior. We used global positioning system telemetry to document movements and spatial overlap with resident packs of 2 wolves in northern Portugal that were released following rehabilitation from severe traumatic injuries and were kept in captivity for 10–12 weeks in 2012. A yearling female, with a complex fracture on the thoracic limb, traveled 2,709 km over about 643 km2, during the 12 months post‐release before being illegally shot. During the first 8 months, it was located frequently around 3 different pack territories, but afterwards its movements were restricted to a single pack territory. We tracked a yearling male with an amputated hind limb for 5 months and it traveled 922 km over about 574 km2before dying in a road casualty. It visited 4 different pack territories in succession but also spent time outside known territory boundaries. Our findings suggest that rehabilitated wolves can recover their locomotor activity and survive in the wild for several months, even after suffering severe injuries and spending ≤3 months in captivity. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Three‐dimensional manometry of the upper esophageal sphincter in swallowing and nonswallowing tasks
Authors: Meyer Jacob P. , Jones Corinne A. , Walczak Chelsea C. , McCulloch Timothy M. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisHigh‐resolution manometry (HRM) is useful in identifying disordered swallowing patterns and quantifying pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) physiology. HRM is limited by unidirectional sensors and circumferential averaging of pressures, resulting in an imperfect understanding of pressure from asymmetrical pharyngeal anatomy. This study aims to evaluate UES pressures simultaneously from different axial directions.Study DesignCase series.MethodsThree‐dimensional HRM was performed on eight healthy subjects to evaluate circumferential UES pressure patterns at rest, during the Valsalva maneuver, and during water swallowing.ResultsMultivariate analysis of the variance revealed a significant main effect of circumferential direction on pressure while at rest (P < .001); pressure was greater in the anterior and posterior portions of the UES versus lateral portions. A significant main effect of direction on pressure was not found during the Valsalva maneuver. During swallowing of a 5‐mL water bolus, circumferential direction had a significant main effect on pressure immediately before UES pressure dropped (P = .001), while the UES was open (P = .01) and at UES closure (P < .001). There was also a significant main effect of sensor level along the vertical axis on pressure immediately before UES pressure dropped (P = .032) and at UES closure (P < .001). Anterior and posterior pressures were again greater than lateral pressures at all swallowing events.ConclusionsThese results confirm that UES pressures vary significantly based on their circumferential origin, with the majority of the total pressure generated in anterior and posterior regions. Improved understanding of UES pressure in a three‐dimensional space can lead to more sophisticated treatments for pharyngeal and UES dysfunction.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:2539–2545, 2016
Energy equipartition and unidirectional emission in a spaser nanolaser
Authors: Totero Gongora Juan Sebastian , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Kivshar Yuri S. , Fratalocchi Andrea 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA spaser is a nanoplasmonic counterpart of a laser, with photons replaced by surface plasmon polaritons and a resonant cavity replaced by a metallic nanostructure supporting localized plasmonic modes. By combining analytical results and first‐principle numerical simulations, we provide a comprehensive study of the ultrafast dynamics of a spaser. Due to its highly‐nonlinear nature, the spaser is characterized by a large number of interacting degrees of freedom, which sustain a rich manifold of different phases we discover, describe and analyze here. In the regime of strong interaction, the system manifests an irreversible ergodic evolution towards the configuration where energy is equally shared among all the available degrees of freedom. Under this condition, the spaser generates ultrafast vortex‐like lasing modes that are spinning on the femtosecond scale and whose direction of rotation is dictated by quantum noise. In this regime, the spaser acquires the character of a nanoparticle with an effective spin. This opens up a range of interesting possibilities for achieving unidirectional emission from a symmetric nanostructure, stimulating a broad range of applications for nanoplasmonic lasers as unidirectional couplers and random information sources.
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Surface‐plasmon wavefront and spectral shaping by near‐field holography
Authors: Epstein Itai , Tsur Yuval , Arie Ady 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSurface‐plasmon‐polariton waves are two‐dimensional electromagnetic surface waves that propagate at the interface between a metal and a dielectric. These waves exhibit unusual and attractive properties, such as high spatial confinement and enhancement of the optical field, and are widely used in a variety of applications, such as sensing and subwavelength optics. The ability to precisely control the spatial and spectral properties of the surface‐plasmon wave is required in order to support the growing interest in both research and applications of plasmonic waves, and to bring it to the next level. Here, we review the challenges and methods for shaping the wavefront and spectrum of plasmonic waves. In particular, we present the recent advances in plasmonic spatial and spectral shaping, which are based on the realization of plasmonic holograms for the optical nearfield.
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Evaluation of cell and matrix mechanics using fluorescence excitation spectroscopy: Feasibility study in collagen gels containing fibroblasts
Authors: Padilla‐Martinez Juan Pablo , Wang Ruisheng , Franco Walfre 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectiveCollagen gels containing cells are commonly used in tissue engineering, wound healing, and cancer research to investigate the interplay between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), as changes in the density and stiffness of the microenvironment are known to play a role in many diseases or pathological conditions. In these gels, the stiffness is regularly determined using destructive methods, such as indentation and tensile tests. Certain molecules native to cells and the ECM display fluorescence upon irradiation with ultraviolet light. The objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of using the endogenous, or innate, fluorescence of collagen gels containing fibroblasts as an optical marker to evaluate changes in the mechanical properties of the ECM.Materials and MethodsHuman foreskin fibroblasts cells at concentrations of 50,000 and 100,000 cells/ml were cultured in three‐dimensional gels of type I collagen for 16 days. Fibroblast cells remodeled the ECM, contracting and increasing the stiffness of the gel. During this remodeling process, changes in mechanical properties and fluorescence were measured with an indentation test and a spectrofluorometer, respectively. Force and displacement measurements from the indentation test were used to calculate the elastic modulus of the gel. Maps of fluorescence intensity, at excitation/emission of 240–520/290–530 nm, were used to identify the wavelengths of interest.ResultsFluorescence excitation/emission maps exhibited two distinct excitation/emission bands whose intensities increased as the fibroblasts remodeled and increased the stiffness of the ECM: The 290/340 nm band ascribed to tryptophan and the 330/390 nm band ascribed to cross‐links of collagen (pepsin‐digestible cross‐links). A Spearman correlation analysis, between the elastic modulus of the gel containing fibroblasts and the fluorescence of cross‐links of collagen, resulted in R = 0.95 (P < 0.05) and R = 0.77 (P = 0.12) for 50,000 and 100,000 cells/ml, respectively.ConclusionsThe endogenous fluorescence intensity ascribed to pepsin‐digestible cross‐links of collagen may serve as an optical marker to evaluate changes in the mechanical properties of the ECM; this is relevant to collagenous tissues for which pathological states are related to mechanical alterations, such as keratoconus in cornea and osteoarthritis in articular cartilage. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:377–384, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanoindentation of Films of Perfluorotridecyl, Perfluorodecyl, and Perfluoroheptyl End‐Functionalized Polystyrene at the Micron Scale
Authors: Yurdacan Merve , Franke Oliver , Hogen‐Esch Thieo 
Published: March 2016

Polystyrenes (PS) end‐functionalized with perfluorotridecyl (PFTD), perfluorodecyl (PFD), and perfluoroheptyl (PFH) groups are synthesized using the corresponding perfluoroalkyl initiators by atom transfer radical polymerization. Polymer thin films deposited on silicon wafers are studied by dynamic nanoindentation (NI). NI measurements of the 15k PFTD‐PS sample showed increases of about 80 and 300% in the storage and loss moduli, respectively, compared to the 15k PS homopolymer. Measurements made on different regions of the PFTD‐functionalized PS show a fivefold greater standard deviation compared to the 15k PS homopolymer. The effects for the PFD and PFH groups are smaller in all respects consistent with expectations.
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Copolymerization of Epichlorohydrin and CO2 Using Zinc Glutarate: An Additional Application of ZnGA in Polycarbonate Synthesis
Authors: Sudakar Padmanaban , Sivanesan Dharmalingam , Yoon Sungho 
Published: March 2016

The use of zinc glutarate (ZnGA) as a heterogeneous catalyst for the copolymerization of epichlorohydrin, an epoxide with an electron‐withdrawing substituent, and CO2 is reported. This catalyst shows the highest selectivity (98%) for polycarbonate over the cyclic carbonate in epichlorohydrin/CO2 copolymerization under mild conditions. The (epichlorohydrin‐co‐CO2) polymer exhibits a high glass transition temperature (Tg), 44 °C, which is the maximum Tg value obtained for the (epichlorohydrin‐co‐CO2) polymer to date.
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