bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limbic grey matter changes in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Li Xingfeng , Xing Yue , Schwarz Stefan T , Auer Dorothee P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate local and network‐related changes of limbic grey matter in early Parkinson's disease (PD) and their inter‐relation with non‐motor symptom severity. We applied voxel‐based morphometric methods in 538 T1 MRI images retrieved from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative website. Grey matter densities and cross‐sectional estimates of age‐related grey matter change were compared between subjects with early PD (n = 366) and age‐matched healthy controls (n = 172) within a regression model, and associations of grey matter density with symptoms were investigated. Structural brain networks were obtained using covariance analysis seeded in regions showing grey matter abnormalities in PD subject group. Patients displayed focally reduced grey matter density in the right amygdala, which was present from the earliest stages of the disease without further advance in mild‐moderate disease stages. Right amygdala grey matter density showed negative correlation with autonomic dysfunction and positive with cognitive performance in patients, but no significant interrelations were found with anxiety scores. Patients with PD also demonstrated right amygdala structural disconnection with less structural connectivity of the right amygdala with the cerebellum and thalamus but increased covariance with bilateral temporal cortices compared with controls. Age‐related grey matter change was also increased in PD preferentially in the limbic system. In conclusion, detailed brain morphometry in a large group of early PD highlights predominant limbic grey matter deficits with stronger age associations compared with controls and associated altered structural connectivity pattern. This provides in vivo evidence for early limbic grey matter pathology and structural network changes that may reflect extranigral disease spread in PD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3566–3578, 2017. © 2017 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative comparison of 3D third harmonic generation and fluorescence microscopy images
Authors: Zhang Zhiqing , Kuzmin Nikolay V. , Groot Marie Louise , de Munck Jan C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThird harmonic generation (THG) microscopy is a label‐free imaging technique that shows great potential for rapid pathology of brain tissue during brain tumor surgery. However, the interpretation of THG brain images should be quantitatively linked to images of more standard imaging techniques, which so far has been done qualitatively only. We establish here such a quantitative link between THG images of mouse brain tissue and all‐nuclei‐highlighted fluorescence images, acquired simultaneously from the same tissue area. For quantitative comparison of a substantial pair of images, we present here a segmentation workflow that is applicable for both THG and fluorescence images, with a precision of 91.3 % and 95.8 % achieved respectively. We find that the correspondence between the main features of the two imaging modalities amounts to 88.9 %, providing quantitative evidence of the interpretation of dark holes as brain cells. Moreover, 80 % bright objects in THG images overlap with nuclei highlighted in the fluorescence images, and they are 2 times smaller than the dark holes, showing that cells of different morphologies can be recognized in THG images. We expect that the described quantitative comparison is applicable to other types of brain tissue and with more specific staining experiments for cell type identification.magnified image
Optical assessment of changes in mechanical and chemical properties of adipose tissue in diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Troyanova‐Wood Maria , Gobbell Cassidy , Meng Zhaokai , Gashev Anatoliy A. , Yakovlev Vladislav V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObesity is becoming a leading cause of health problems world‐wide. Obesity and overweight are associated with the structural and chemical changes in tissues; however, few methods exist that allow for concurrent measurement of these changes. Using Brillouin and Raman microspectroscopy, both the mechanical and chemical differences can be assessed simultaneously. We hypothesized that Brillouin spectroscopy can measure the adipose tissues’ stiffness, which increases in obesity. Samples of brown and white adipose tissues obtained from control and diet‐induced obese adult rats were analyzed. The results show that both adipose tissues of the obese group exhibit a greater high‐frequency longitudinal elastic modulus than the control samples, and that the brown fat is generally stiffer than white adipose. The Raman spectra indicate that the lipids’ accumulation in adipose tissue outpaces the fibrosis, and that the high‐fat diet has a greater effect on the brown adipose than the white fat. Overall, the powerful combination of Brillouin and Raman microspectroscopies successfully assessed both the mechanical properties and chemical composition of adipose tissue simultaneously for the first time. The results indicate that the adipose tissue experiences an obesity‐induced increase in stiffness and lipid content, with the brown adipose tissue undergoing a more pronounced change compared to white adipose.
Rapid, label‐free identification of cerebellar structures using multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Wang Shu , Chen Xiuqiang , Wu Weilin , Chen Zhida , Du Huiping , Wang Xingfu , Fu Yu Vincent , Hu Liwen , Chen Jianxin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe cerebellum is the prominent laminar structure of the mammalian brain that has been implicated in various psychiatric and neurological diseases. Although clinical brain imaging techniques have provided precise anatomic images of cerebellar structures, a definitive diagnosis still requires adequate resolution to identify individual layers in cerebellar cortex, the extent of tumor, even requires the histological tissue examination during surgical procedures. In this study, multiphoton microscopy (MPM), based on second harmonic generation (SHG) and two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), was perform on the rat cerebellar structures and pathology with the combination of image analysis methods. Results show that MPM can reveal the cerebellar vermis, hemispheres, medulla, and ventricle, as well as axon bundles, Purkinje cells, capillaries, and the pia mater of the cerebellum. Together with custom‐developed image processing algorithms, MPM could further differentiate between the gray and white matter, as well as evaluate the Purkinje cell layer, identify the cerebellar tumor boundary, and distinguish between the tumor core and peritumor regions. Our results establish a direct visualization and rapid assessment approach for the cerebellar structures, as well as suggest the feasibility of in vivo multiphoton microendoscopes and fiberscopes as clinical tools for neuropathological diagnoses.
Optofluidic organization and transport of cell chain
Authors: Liu Xiaoshuai , Huang Jianbin , Li Yuchao , Zhang Yao , Li Baojun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractControllable organization and transport of cell chain in a fluid, which is of great importance in biological and medical fields, have attracted increasing attentions in recent years. Here we demonstrate an optofluidic strategy, by implanting the microfluidic technique with a large‐tapered‐angle fiber probe (LTAP), to organize and transport a cell chain in a noncontact and noninvasive manner. After a laser beam at 980‐nm wavelength launched into LTAP, the E. coli cells were continuously trapped and then arranged into a cell chain one after another. The chain can be transported by adjusting the magnitudes of optical force and flow drag force. The proposed technique can also be applied for the eukaryotic cells (e. g., yeast cell) and human red blood cells (RBCs). Experiment results were interpreted by the numerical simulation, and the stiffness of cell chain was also discussed.
Alzheimer mouse brain tissue measured by time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy using single‐ and multi‐photon excitation of label free native molecules
Authors: Das Bidyut , Shi Lingyan , Budansky Yury , Rodriguez‐Contreras Adrian , Alfano Robert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTime resolved spectroscopic measurements with single‐photon and multi‐photon excitation of native molecules were performed ex vivo on brain tissues from an Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a wild type (WT) mouse model using a streak camera. The fluorescence decay times of native NADH and FAD show a longer relaxation time in AD than in WT tissue, suggesting less non‐radiative processes in AD. The longer emission time of AD may be attributed to the coupling of the key native building block molecules to the amyloid‐tau and/or to the caging of the native fluorophores by the deposition of amyloid‐beta or tau plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that affect the local non‐radiative interactions.magnified image
Photobiomodulation leads to enhanced radiosensitivity through induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human cervical cancer cells
Authors: Djavid Gholamreza Esmaeeli , Bigdeli Bahareh , Goliaei Bahram , Nikoofar Alireza , Hamblin Michael R 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe radiomodulatory effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) has recently been studied in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate cellular mechanisms involved in the X‐ray radiosensitivity of HeLa cells pre‐exposed to PBM. HeLa cells were irradiated with 685 nm laser at different energy densities prior to X‐ray ionizing radiation. After irradiation, clonogenic cell survival, cell death due to apoptosis and autophagy were determined. Levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage and, cell cycle distribution after PBM were measured. PBM at different energy densities (5–20 J/cm2) was not cytotoxic. However, HeLa cells pre‐exposed to 20 J/cm2 showed enhanced inhibition of colony formation following ionizing radiation. Enhanced radiosensitivity was due to increased oxidative stress, DNA damage, and radiation‐induced apoptosis and autophagy. These results suggest that 685 nm PBM at a higher energy density could possibly be a promising radiosensitizing agent in cervical cancer, to decrease the radiation dose delivered, and therefore prevent the side‐effects that are associated with cancer radiotherapy.
Measuring Kinase Activity—A Global Challenge
Authors: Cann Marissa L. , McDonald Ian M. , East Michael P. , Johnson Gary L. , Graves Lee M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe kinase enzymes within a cell, known collectively as the kinome, play crucial roles in many signaling pathways, including survival, motility, differentiation, stress response, and many more. Aberrant signaling through kinase pathways is often linked to cancer, among other diseases. A major area of scientific research involves understanding the relationships between kinases, their targets, and how the kinome adapts to perturbations of the cellular system. This review will discuss many of the current and developing methods for studying kinase activity, and evaluate their applications, advantages, and disadvantages. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3595–3606, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cellular Migration Ability Is Modulated by Extracellular Purines in Ovarian Carcinoma SKOV‐3 Cells
Authors: Martínez‐Ramírez A.S. , Díaz‐Muñoz M. , Battastini A.M. , Campos‐Contreras A. , Olvera A. , Bergamin L. , Glaser T. , Jacintho Moritz C.E. , Ulrich H. , Vázquez‐Cuevas F.G. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTExtracellular nucleotides and nucleosides have emerged as important elements regulating tissue homeostasis. Acting through specific receptors, have the ability to control gene expression patterns to direct cellular fate. We observed that SKOV‐3 cells express the ectonucleotidases: ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase 1 (ENPP1), ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase (NT5E), and liver alkaline phosphatase (ALPL). Strikingly, in pulse and chase experiments supplemented with ATP, SKOV‐3 cells exhibited low catabolic efficiency in the conversion of ADP into AMP, but they were efficient in converting AMP into adenosine. Since these cells release ATP, we proposed that the conversion of ADP into AMP is a regulatory node associated with the migratory ability and the mesenchymal characteristics shown by SKOV‐3 cells under basal conditions. The landscape of gene expression profiles of SKOV‐3 cell cultures treated with apyrase or adenosine demonstrated similarities (e.g., decrease FGF16 transcript) and differences (e.g., the negative regulation of Wnt 2, and 10B by adenosine). Thus, in SKOV‐3 we analyzed the migratory ability and the expression of epithelium to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in response to apyrase. Apyrase‐treatment favored the epithelial‐like phenotype, as revealed by the re‐location of E‐cadherin to the cell to cell junctions. Pharmacological approaches strongly suggested that the effect of Apyrase involved the accumulation of extracellular adenosine; this notion was strengthened when the incubation of the SKOV‐3 cell with α,β‐methylene ADP (CD73 inhibitor) or adenosine deaminase was sufficient to abolish the effect of apyrase on cell migration. Overall, adenosine signaling is a fine tune mechanism in the control of cell phenotype in cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4468–4478, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Picroside II Inhibits RANKL‐Mediated Osteoclastogenesis by Attenuating the NF‐κB and MAPKs Signaling Pathway In Vitro and Prevents Bone Loss in Lipopolysaccharide Treatment Mice
Authors: Yang Xiaobin , Gao Wenjie , Wang Biao , Wang Xiaodong , Guo Hua , Xiao Yuan , Kong Lingbo , Hao Dingjun 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTPicroside II, one of the major components isolated from the seed of natural plant picrorhiza, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The present study was performed to define effects of picroside II on nuclear factor‐kappaB ligand (RANKL)‐stimulated osteoclast differentiation in vitro and on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced bone loss in vivo. The bone marrow cells (BMMs) were harvested and induced with RANKL followed by treatment with picroside II at several doses, and the differentiation of osteoclasts from these cells was evaluated by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and resorption pit formation assay. The effects of picroside II on osteoclastogenesis were studied by examining RANKL‐induced osteoclast F‐actin ring formation and osteoclast bone resorption. Moreover, we explored the mechanisms of these downregulation effects by performed Western blotting and quantitative RT‐PCR examination. Results demonstrated picroside II strongly inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation when added during the early stage of BMMs cultures, suggesting that it acts on osteoclast precursors to inhibit RANKL/RANK signaling. Moreover, picroside II markedly decreased the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, JNK, p65, and I‐κB degradation, and significantly suppressed c‐Fos and nuclear factor of activated T‐cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), both the key transcription factors during osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, in vivo studies verified the bone protection effects of picroside II. These results collectively suggested that picroside II acted as an anti‐resorption agent by blocking osteoclast activation. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4479–4486, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reducing the mortality rate of hepatitis and liver cancer in Japan
Authors: Iwane Shinji , Oeda Satoshi , Eguchi Yuichiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Basic Act on Hepatitis Countermeasures issued in 2009 states the comprehensive measures that can be taken against viral hepatitis as well as the responsibility that the national government, local governments, health insurance provides, physicians, and citizens should take in these measures, thereby organically facilitating the construction of a hepatitis management system in Japan. In addition, the Committee for the Clinical Management of Hepatitis has established branches in each prefecture to create a hepatitis management network for public hepatitis screening facilities, primary care physicians, medical institutions specializing in hepatitis, and primary hospitals for cooperative medical care of liver diseases to address regional hepatitis‐related issues.
The comprehensive role of general physicians is very important in the chronic phase of a disaster area: Beyond and after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Hata Toshihiko 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Great East Japan Earthquake was a major earthquake, one of the largest (Magnitude 9.0) in Japan since 1900. 18 997 human lives were lost in the subsequent tsunami around the Sanriku coast of eastern Japan. Ishinomaki City, which was close to the epicenter, is one of the greatest locations that experienced of the greatest loss of human life: 3819 people. The Ishinomaki Red Cross Hospital (IRCH), which is the main trunk hospital of the Ishinomaki medical sphere, moved to a hill away from the Pacific Ocean in order to avoid future tsunami 5 years prior to the Great East Japan Earthquake. IRCH was therefore nearly intact and its functions were maintained after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Other neighboring medical facilities were in a catastrophic state; for emergency, patients were all concentrated at the IRCH, and the medical staff of IRCH became exhausted. In response, the Japanese Red Cross Society collected and transported physicians, nurses, pharmacists, medical engineers, and medical clerks, to IRCH from Red Cross hospitals across the country during the period of April to August 2011. The dispatched medical personnel operated a makeshift clinic on a rotating basis autonomously in the hospital to support the IRCH. In this temporary clinic, the primary and secondary emergency staff conducted the center's general practice.
Safety and feasibility of liver resection with continued antiplatelet therapy using aspirin
Authors: Monden Kazuteru , Sadamori Hiroshi , Hioki Masayoshi , Ohno Satoshi , Saneto Hiromi , Ueki Toru , Yabushita Kazuhisa , Ono Kazumi , Sakaguchi Kousaku , Takakura Norihisa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAspirin is widely used for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and cardiovascular disease. Perioperative aspirin may decrease thrombotic morbidity, but may also increase hemorrhagic morbidity. In particular, liver resection carries risks of bleeding, leading to higher risks of hemorrhagic morbidity. Our institution has continued aspirin therapy perioperatively in patients undergoing liver resection. This study examined the safety and feasibility of liver resection while continuing aspirin.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 378 patients who underwent liver resection between January 2010 and January 2016. Patients were grouped according to preoperative aspirin prescription: patients with aspirin therapy (aspirin users, n = 31); and patients without use of aspirin (aspirin non‐users, n = 347).ResultsAspirin users were significantly older (P < 0.001), with a higher proportion of males (P < 0.001) and higher frequencies of hypertension (P  = 0.004) and diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in intraoperative parameters. Although the frequency of major morbidity tended to be higher among aspirin users than among aspirin non‐users, no significant difference was identified. No postoperative hemorrhage was seen among aspirin users.ConclusionsLiver resection can be safely performed while continuing aspirin therapy without increasing hemorrhagic morbidity. Our results suggest that interruption of aspirin therapy is unnecessary for patients undergoing liver resection.
The role of dose administration aids in medication management for older people
Authors: Etty‐Leal Mary G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhile medicine use in the older population is high, adherence to prescribed regimens is often suboptimal. Older people may be unintentionally non‐adherent due to difficulties managing and manipulating medicines. Dose administration aids are medicine packaging systems designed to reduce unintentional non‐adherence by simplifying management of oral medicines and enabling people to see if they have taken their medicines. Evidence suggests dose administration aids can improve medicine adherence but the size of this benefit is unclear and there is little evidence from controlled trials in older people or people taking multiple medicines. There is no conclusive evidence that they improve health outcomes. Use of an aid is limited to medicines suitable and stable for repackaging. Other limitations include reduced user medicine knowledge and autonomy, risk of filling discrepancies and incorrect use, and increased complexity at transitions of care. Upon consideration of a dose administration aid, a comprehensive assessment of the patient's medication management and a review of their medicines is required. Dose administration aids are best combined with other medication management strategies, such as medicine lists and education, and are most effective in people who are motivated to take their medicines and who have the required physical and cognitive capacity to use an aid.
Oncoplastic breast surgery: Achieving oncological and aesthetic outcomes
Authors: van Paridon Maaike W. , Kamali Parisa , Paul Marek A. , Wu Winona , Ibrahim Ahmed M.S. , Kansal Kari J. , Houlihan Mary Jane , Morris Donald J. , Lee Bernard T. , Lin Samuel J. , Sharma Ranjna 
Published: May 2017

Background and ObjectivesOncoplastic reconstruction allows more patients to become candidates for breast‐conserving surgery (BCS). Oncologic resection of a breast lesion is combined with plastic surgical techniques to improve aesthetic results. Choosing the best oncoplastic method is essential to optimize outcomes, improve cosmesis, and minimize postoperative complications. The aim of this study is to present a treatment algorithm incorporating oncoplastic techniques based on diagnosis, tumor size, tumor location, and breast size and shape.MethodsA retrospective pilot study of a prospectively collected database was conducted in patients undergoing immediate oncoplastic surgery from 2010 to 2015 at our institution. Oncoplastic surgical techniques were defined as complex layered closure, local tissue rearrangement, pedicled flap, mastopexy, bilateral reduction, or implant placement. Clinical, demographic, and histopathologic data were extracted from electronic patient records. Patient satisfaction was measured by the BREAST‐Q questionnaire.ResultsA total of 42 women and 46 breasts were included. An algorithm was formulated to assist in selecting an optimal oncoplastic reconstruction plan after BCS. Additionally, patient satisfaction with good aesthetic results was reported.ConclusionIn this study, the authors present a reconstructive algorithm describing various oncoplastic approaches aimed to provide a guideline in clinical practice when employing oncoplastic surgery.