bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumption of dissolved organic carbon by Caribbean reef sponges
Authors: Hoer Daniel R. , Gibson Patrick J. , Tommerdahl Jake P. , Lindquist Niels L. , Martens Christopher S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSponges are conspicuous and abundant within the benthic fauna on Caribbean reefs. The ability of these organisms to efficiently capture carbon from particulate sources is well known and the importance of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) uptake has been recognized for several species. We surveyed DOC ingestion by seven sponge species common to Florida Keys reefs using nondisruptive sampling methods on undisturbed individuals. Three of the seven species exhibited significant DOC removal ranging from 13% to 24% of ambient concentrations. The tested species that removed DOC host large microbial consortia within their tissues, while the converse was observed for those that did not. This divergent behavior may suggest an important role for sponge associated microbes in the utilization of DOC by these species. The feeding behaviors of individuals of Xestospongia muta were then monitored over time to investigate its respiratory consumption of particulate and DOC. The uptake rates of dissolved oxygen (DO) and organic carbon by two undisturbed individuals revealed that DOC represented 96% of removed C, and that the tested individuals removed approximately equal quantities of C and DO. This demonstrates that X. muta largely satisfies its respiration demands through DOC consumption, and that DOC likely represents the dominant C source for biomass production and cell overturn in this species. These results further illustrate the metabolic importance of DOC to sponges, and suggest that these organisms are an important pathway for remineralizing organic matter on Caribbean reefs.
Hydroquinone Based Sulfonated Copolytriazoles with Enhanced Proton Conductivity
Authors: Singh Asheesh , Bisoi Soumendu , Banerjee Susanta , Komber Hartmut , Voit Brigitte 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA series of new fluorinated sulfonated copolytriazoles (PTHQSH‐XX) with ion exchange capacity (IECw) values ranging from 1.66 to 2.82 meq g−1 are prepared via cuprous ion catalyzed azide‐alkyne click polymerization reaction between 1,4‐bis(prop‐2‐ynyloxy)benzene, 4,4′‐diazido‐2,2′‐stilbene disulfonic acid disodium salt (SA), and 4,4‐bis[3′‐trifluoromethyl‐4′(4‐azidobenzoxy) benzyl] biphenyl (QAZ). The degree of sulfonation of the copolytriazoles is adjusted between 60% and 90% by varying the molar ratio of sulfonated monomer (SA) to the nonsulfonated monomer (QAZ). The structure of the copolytriazoles is characterized by Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy. The solution‐cast membranes of these copolymers exhibit high thermal, mechanical, oxidative and hydrolytic stability, and high proton conductivity (19–142 mS cm−1 at 80 °C and 22–157 mS cm−1 at 90 °C). Transmission electron microscopy confirms the formation of good phase separated morphology with ionic clusters in the range of 15–145 nm.
Minimal energy problems for strongly singular Riesz kernels
Authors: Harbrecht Helmut , Wendland Wolfgang L. , Zorii Natalia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe study minimal energy problems for strongly singular Riesz kernels , where and , considered for compact ‐dimensional ‐manifolds Γ immersed into . Based on the spatial energy of harmonic double layer potentials, we are motivated to formulate the natural regularization of such minimization problems by switching to Hadamard's partie finie integral operator which defines a strongly elliptic pseudodifferential operator of order on Γ. The measures with finite energy are shown to be elements from the Sobolev space , , and the corresponding minimal energy problem admits a unique solution. We relate our continuous approach also to the discrete one, which has been worked out earlier by D. P. Hardin and E. B. Saff.
A note on Torelli‐type theorems for Gorenstein curves
Authors: Rizzi Luca , Zucconi Francesco 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUsing the notion of generalized divisors introduced by Hartshorne (see ), we adapt the theory of adjoint forms to the case of Gorenstein curves. We show an infinitesimal Torelli‐type theorem for line bundles on Gorenstein curves. We also construct explicit counterexamples to the infinitesimal Torelli claim in the case of a reduced reducible Gorenstein curve.
Effects of imaging gradients in sequences with varying longitudinal storage time—Case of diffusion exchange imaging
Authors: Lasič Samo , Lundell Henrik , Topgaard Daniel , Dyrby Tim B. 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTo illustrate the potential bias caused by imaging gradients in correlation MRI sequences using longitudinal magnetization storage (LS) and examine the case of filter exchange imaging (FEXI) yielding maps of the apparent exchange rate (AXR).MethodsThe effects of imaging gradients in FEXI were observed on yeast cells. To analyze the AXR bias, signal evolution was calculated by applying matrix exponential operators.ResultsA sharp threshold for the slice thickness was identified, below which the AXR is increasingly underestimated. The bias can be understood in terms of an extended low‐pass diffusion filtering during the LS interval, which is more pronounced at lower exchange rates. For a total exchange rate constant larger than 1 s−1, the AXR bias is expected to be negligible when slices thicker than 2.5 mm are used.ConclusionIn correlation experiments like FEXI, relying on LS with variable duration, imaging gradients may cause disrupting effects that cannot be easily mitigated and should be carefully considered for unbiased results. In typical clinical applications of FEXI, the imaging gradients are expected to cause a negligible AXR bias. However, the AXR bias may be significant in preclinical settings or whenever thin imaging slices are used. Magn Reson Med 79:2228–2235, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Criterion‐related validity of two curriculum‐based measures of mathematical skill in relation to reading comprehension in secondary students
Authors: Anselmo Giancarlo A. , Yarbrough Jamie L. , Kovaleski Joseph F. , Tran Vi N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study analyzed the relationship between benchmark scores from two curriculum‐based measurement probes in mathematics (M‐CBM) and student performance on a state‐mandated high‐stakes test. Participants were 298 students enrolled in grades 7 and 8 in a rural southeastern school. Specifically, we calculated the criterion‐related and predictive validity of benchmark scores from CBM probes measuring math computation and math reasoning skills. Results of this study suggest that math reasoning probes have strong concurrent and predictive validity. The study also provides evidence that calculation skills, while important, do not have strong predictive strength at the secondary level when a state math assessment is the criterion. When reading comprehension skill is taken into account, math reasoning scores explained the greatest amount of variance in the criterion measure. Computation scores explained less than 5% of the variance in the high‐stakes test, suggesting that it may have limitations as a universal screening measure for secondary students.
Analyses of surface relief gratings inscription in epoxy‐azo linear and crosslinked polymers
Authors: Orofino Antonela B. , Galante María J. , Oyanguren Patricia A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThis work evaluates the inscription of surface relief gratings (SRG) in a series of epoxy‐azo prepolymers and networks, both based on the same azo chromophore. Variables such as matrix structure (thermoplastic/thermoset), film thickness, exposure time, power of the incident laser beam, and content of azobenzene were analyzed on the final modulation depth of the gratings. The main goal of the article is to achieve the efficient formation of SRGs on crosslinked azopolymer films in a single step, in a reasonable time, and to a significant extent. The progressive erasure of the obtained structures with increasing temperature showed that part of the photoinduced information remained encoded in the material: as the relief partially relaxed above the glass transition temperature of the bulk material (116 °C) and up to 200 °C, its modulation remained in about one third of the initial height, and did not completely disappear. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1542–1552
Crowd sourcing difficult problems in protein science*
Authors: Alexander Nathan S. , Palczewski Krzysztof 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDedicated computing resources are expensive to develop, maintain, and administrate. Frequently, research groups require bursts of computing power, during which progress is still limited by available computing resources. One way to alleviate this bottleneck would be to use additional computing resources. Today, many computing devices remain idle most of the time. Passive volunteer computing exploits this unemployed reserve of computing power by allowing device‐owners to donate computing time on their own devices. Another complementary way to alleviate bottlenecks in computing resources is to use more efficient algorithms. Engaging volunteer computing employs human intuition to help solve challenging problems for which efficient algorithms are difficult to develop or unavailable. Designing engaging volunteer computing projects is challenging but can result in high‐quality solutions. Here, we highlight four examples.
Cover Image, Volume 73, Issue 9
Authors: Oppedal Frode , Samsing Francisca , Dempster Tim , Wright Daniel W , Bui Samantha , Stien Lars H 
Published: August 2017

The cover image, by Frode Oppedal et al., is based on the Research Article Sea lice infestation levels decrease with deeper ‘snorkel’ barriers in Atlantic salmon sea‐cages, DOI: 10.1002/ps.4560.
image
IgY‐binding peptide screened from a random peptide library as a ligand for IgY purification
Authors: Khan Kamrul Hasan , Himeno Arisa , Kosugi Shouhei , Nakashima Yosuke , Rafique Abdur , Imamura Ayana , Hatanaka Takaaki , Kato Dai‐Ichiro , Ito Yuji 
Published: July 2017

Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) is a functional substitute for mammalian IgG for antigen detection. Traditional IgY purification methods involve multi‐step procedures resulting in low purity and recovery of IgY. In this study, we developed a simple IgY purification system using IgY‐specific peptides identified by T7 phage display technology. From disulfide‐constrained random peptide libraries constructed on a T7 phage, we identified three specific binding clones (Y4‐4, Y5‐14, and Y5‐55) through repeated biopanning. The synthetic peptides showed high binding specificity to IgY‐Fc and moderate affinity for IgY‐Fc (Kd: Y4‐4 = 7.3 ± 0.2 μM and Y5‐55 = 4.4 ± 0.1 μM) by surface plasmon resonance analysis. To evaluate the ability to purify IgY, we performed immunoprecipitation and affinity high‐performance liquid chromatography using IgY‐binding peptides; the result indicated that these peptides can be used as affinity ligands for IgY purification. We then used a peptide‐conjugated column to purify IgY from egg yolks pre‐treated using an optimized delipidation technique. Here, we report the construction of a cost‐effective, one‐step IgY purification system, with high purity and recovery. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Peptide Science published by European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Structure of Fukui matrices
Authors: Bochicchio Roberto C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFukui matrices considered as the generalization of the concept of Fukui densities are decomposed into their pairing and unpairing contributions within the theory of the reduced density matrices. Their algebraic structure become clear from this decomposition providing their relationships with the spin density matrices and the irreducible part of the second‐order reduced density matrix cumulant, that is, the explicit contributions of the many‐body or correlation effects. The uncorrelated state function approximation is a simple way to emphasize the physical meaning of these matrices and represents the appropriate starting point for the treatment of a quasi‐analytical model to denote the occurrence of correlation effects.
Impacts of the Mississippi River spillway opening on faecal coliform concentration in Lake Pontchartrain
Authors: Adebayo S. , Amer R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study focuses on explaining the role of the periodic opening of the Bonnet Carré Spillway on the faecal coliform levels in Lake Pontchartrain. Water quality data were collected by the Lake Pontchartrain Basin Foundation to analyse the faecal coliform bacteria levels, turbidity, salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in the lake water. The results show that the faecal coliform concentrations were lower during the spillway opening than the preceding and subsequent months. Statistical analysis shows the dilution effect, characterized by an effective reduction in faecal coliform concentrations due to increase in water turbidity, coupled with decrease in water salinity and dissolved oxygen because of spillway opening. It is also indicated that the combine effect of more than one factor produces a significantly greater reduction in the faecal coliform than each factor acting independently. Periodic spikes in faecal coliform concentrations were observed at sampling points located near the outlets of streams and drainage canals with high settlement densities. A positive correlation (r = 0.78467) was found between the average faecal coliform counts and average monthly precipitations, highlighting the role of precipitation run‐offs. The results of this study indicate that the spillway opening contributed to a reduction in the faecal coliform concentration in the lake's surface water during the studied periods.
Enhancing Charge Separation and Photocatalytic Activity of Cubic SrTiO3 with Perovskite‐Type Materials MTaO3 (M=Na, K) for Environmental Remediation: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Opoku Francis , Govender Krishna Kuben , van Sittert Cornelia Gertina Catharina Elizabeth , Govender Penny Poomani 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDue to increasingly global environmental and energy crises, visible light semiconductor photocatalyst with a tunable bandgap and optical properties have received attention. This study aid in the design of bifunctional MTaO3/SrTiO3(010) (M=Na, K) heterostructure photocatalyst material for environmental remediation. In this study, the stability, electronic and optical properties of coupled MTaO3 and SrTiO3 are systematically studied using the hybrid HSE06 method. The MTaO3/SrTiO3(010) heterostructure show high photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation with good stability and reduced bandgap compared to the bulk SrTiO3. The heterostructures formed a type‐II band alignment to accelerates the interfacial charge transfer process and the photocatalytic activity. By comparing the relative ratio of effective mass, we could conclude that MTaO3/SrTiO3(010) heterostructure has not only superior mobility of charge carriers but also higher separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. The band alignment results showed that the MTaO3/SrTiO3(010) heterostructure are highly efficient for pollutants degradation and energy conversion. Significantly, the origin of the enhanced photocatalytic activity is observed from the O 2p state of SrTiO3 to the Ta 5d state of MTaO3. In summary, this study shows a key role of SrTiO3 as an electron donor to enhance the optical properties and stability of MTaO3/SrTiO3(010) heterostructure.
Acclimation Strategy Using Complex Volatile Fatty Acid Mixtures Increases the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Potential
Authors: Rosales‐Sierra Alejandra , Rosales‐Mendoza Sergio , Monreal‐Escalante Elizabeth , Celis Lourdes B. , Razo‐Flores Elías , Cercado Bibiana 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe start‐up of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) requires biofilm development onto electrodes and acclimation of the microbial community to specific substrates. This process is time‐consuming and shows low effectivity when complex substrates are utilized. The varying proportions and complex mixtures of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in bioprocess effluents makes it difficult to predict the power output of VFA‐based MFCs when this technology is coupled to a previous bioprocess. In this work, the effect of the degree of reduction of single VFAs on MFC potential was investigated, and a novel acclimation procedure involving the feeding of gradually more complex VFA mixtures is proposed. The power output obtained with butyric acid (6.1 ± 2 mW m−2) was higher than that obtained with propionic acid (5.0 ± 1 mW m−2), as expected based on their degree of reduction. The MFC potential generated by an acetic acid‐fed MFC reached 60 mV, but an acetic‐butyric acid mixture reduced the cell potential by one order of magnitude. The subsequent addition of propionic acid to the acetic‐butyric mixture increased the MFC potential from 1.9 ± 0.1 mV to 35 ± 10 mV in sequential feeding cycles. Consequently, the feeding sequence of acetic, acetic‐butyric, and acetic‐butyric‐propionic acids is proposed as an efficient strategy for the acclimation of MFCs to complex substrates.
Effects of Anthryl Groups on the Charge Transport and Photovoltaic Properties of Small Triarylamine‐Based Donor‐Acceptor Molecules: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Jiang Yue , Cabanetos Clément , Jungsuttiwong Siriporn , Alberga Domenico , Adamo Carlo , Roncali Jean 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe effects of replacing one of the outer phenyl rings of triphenylamine by 2‐anthryl and 9‐anthryl groups of triphenylamine (TPA) have been investigated on two small push‐pull molecules consisting of a triarylamine donor block connected to a dicyanovinyl acceptor via a thienyl spacer. UV‐Vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry and theoretical calculations show that the mode of linkage of the anthryl group has a limited influence on the electronic properties of the molecule compared to reference compound based on TPA. However experimental and theoretical results show that this simple structural modification exerts a major impact on the hole‐mobility of the resulting materials and thus on their efficiency as donor in planar heterojunction solar cells.
Fütter‑, Ess- und Schluckstörungen bei Säuglingen und Kindern
Authors: Schwemmle C. , Arens C. 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungEssen und Schlucken sind dynamische Prozesse, an denen mehr als 30 Muskeln in Koordination der orofazialen Muskulatur sowie der Muskulatur des Rachens, des Kehlkopfs und der Speiseröhre beteiligt sind. Saug‑, Such- und Würgreflex des Neugeborenen und des Säuglings verändern/differenzieren sich mit zunehmendem Alter, sodass der Ess‑, Kau- und Schluckvorgang beim Kleinkind differenziert und willentlich möglich sind. Ess‑, Fütter- und Schluckstörungen sind im Säuglings- und Kleinkindalter häufig schwierig zu unterscheiden. Essstörungen umfassen Nahrungsverweigerung, inadäquate Essgewohnheiten, Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei der Nahrungsaufnahme, selektive und/oder einseitige Nahrungspräferenzen. Schluckstörungen beschreiben eine Beeinträchtigung der oralen, pharyngealen sowie ösophagealen Phase; alle oder einzelne Phasen können betroffen sein. Ursachen sind Verhaltens- oder Entwicklungsstörungen, Syndrome, neurologische Erkrankungen, Erkrankungen der Atemwege und/oder Ösophagitiden (mit oder ohne gastroösophagealen Reflux, eosinophile Ösophagitis) oder anatomische Fehlbildungen der oberen Speisewege. Ess‑/Schluckbeschwerden werden bei bis zu 25 % aller Kinder beschrieben; circa 40 % der frühgeborenen Kinder, bis zu 64–78 % der entwicklungsauffälligen Kinder und bis zu 99 % der Kinder mit schweren Zerebralparesen zeigen Schluckstörungen.Die Diagnostik der Ess‑/Schluckstörung beinhaltet einen multifaktoriellen Ansatz. Die Anamnese erfasst das soziale Umfeld, die Eltern-Kind-Interaktion und die elterlichen Sorgen, die körperliche Untersuchung den aktuellen Gesundheitszustand mit Bestimmung von Gewicht, Körpergröße und Kopfumfang sowie eine ausführliche HNO-ärztliche-Diagnostik. Klinische Füttersituationen können Teil der Kindesbeobachtung sein oder Videoaufnahmen von dem Kind beim Füttern/Essen die Diagnostik ergänzen. Zur Beurteilung schluckdynamischer Prozesse sind die Videofluoroskopie und die fiberoptische Diagnostik des Schluckens (FEES) möglich. Bei sehr jungen Kindern ist die standardisierte FEES selten aussagekräftig, stattdessen sollte eine fiberoptische-endoskopische Schluckuntersuchung (FESU) mit „Leeraufnahme“ und Videoaufnahme nach dem Schluckversuch erfolgen.Die Therapie beginnt mit der Empfehlung einer angenehmen Fütterumgebung, von Hilfsmitteln (spezielle Löffel etc.) beim Essen, Kostform/Konsistenz, Körperhaltung beim Essen, alternativen/additiven Ernährungsmethoden (Gastrostomien, Nasogastralsonden) sowie orofazialen Stimulationsverfahren und Kompensationsverfahren bei kooperativen älteren Kindern.Ein interdisziplinäres Team ist die Basis für eine umfassende Diagnostik und Therapieplanung.
Discussion of “Formation of an Intermediate Layer Between Grains in Nickel-Based Superalloy Turbine Blades”*
Authors: Campbell John 
Published: August 2017

AbstractKim and Withey discuss the formation of an ‘intermediate layer’, formed between grains, which they observe in some Ni-base superalloys. This author proposes that the layer is the result of the presence of a bifilm, a double film probably of oxide or nitride, which appears to be capable of providing a coherent explanation of all the interesting observations reported by the authors.
The Impact of a Computerized Clinical Decision Support Tool on Inappropriate Clostridium difficile Testing
Authors: White Duncan R. , Hamilton Keith W. , Pegues David A. , Hanish Asaf , Umscheid Craig A. 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of a computerized clinical decision support intervention aimed at reducing inappropriate Clostridium difficile testingDESIGNRetrospective cohort studySETTINGUniversity of Pennsylvania Health System, comprised of 3 large tertiary-care hospitalsPATIENTSAll adult patients admitted over a 2-year periodINTERVENTIONProviders were required to use an order set integrated into a commercial electronic health record to order C. difficile toxin testing. The order set identified patients who had received laxatives within the previous 36 hours and displayed a message asking providers to consider stopping laxatives and reassessing in 24 hours prior to ordering C. difficile testing. Providers had the option to continue or discontinue laxatives and to proceed with or forgo testing. The primary endpoint was the change in inappropriate C. difficile testing, as measured by the number of patients who had C. difficile testing ordered while receiving laxatives.RESULTSCompared to the 1-year baseline period, the intervention resulted in a decrease in the proportion of inappropriate C. difficile testing (29.6% vs 27.3%; P=.02). The intervention was associated with an increase in the number of patients who had laxatives discontinued and did not undergo C. difficile testing (5.8% vs 46.4%; P<.01) and who had their laxatives discontinued and underwent testing (5.4% vs 35.2%; P<.01). We observed a nonsignificant increase in the proportion of patients with C. difficile related complications (5.0% vs 8.9%; P=.11).CONCLUSIONSA C. difficile order set was successful in decreasing inappropriate C. difficile testing and improving the timely discontinuation of laxatives.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1204–1208