bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Prosper peer-led peer support network: a participatory, coproduced evaluation
Authors: Gillard Steve , Foster Rhiannon , Turner Kati 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– A range of one-to-one, group and online approaches to peer support are increasingly complementing formal mental health service delivery. Evidence is emerging of the potential benefits and challenges of peer support for individuals, communities and organisations. There is more limited evidence describing peer-led peer support networks. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– In an evaluation of Prosper, a peer-led, peer support network and social movement, members of the network played a participatory role in the design, conduct and interpretative work of the evaluation. An online survey, one-to-one interviews and group discussions were used.

Findings
– The evaluation describes an evolving network with planning and development meetings constituting core activity for many members alongside a monthly training programme supporting people to set up their own activities. There were strong shared values, and consensus that Prosper could strengthen social networks, improve individual well-being and impact on the way people used mental health services. Challenges were identified around feelings of uncertainty and vulnerability in relation to involvement in the network.

Research limitations/implications
– The participatory nature of the evaluation adds value to the learning offered. This was a descriptive evaluation; potential is indicated for the more formal modelling and testing of peer-led network and social movement initiatives.

Practical implications
– Clarity is needed on the relationship of the network to statutory mental health services – specifically around taking on a “service provider” role – and on the advantages and challenges of a “hybrid” organisational model that combines traditional, hierarchical and new distributed forms of leadership and structure.

Social implications
– Prosper demonstrated potential to create a sense of common culture based on sharing lived experience and mutual peer support, providing an alternative to the traditional culture of mental health services.

Originality/value
– This paper offers wider learning derived from evaluation of a highly original initiative in peer leadership, network structure and interface with statutory mental health services.
Molecular typing using polymorphisms of the polyketide synthase gene (PKS1) of strains in Japan morphologically identified as Fonsecaea pedrosoi
Authors: Ushigami Tsuyoshi , Anzawa Kazushi , Mochizuki Takashi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFonsecaea pedrosoi sensu lato is a major causative agent of dematiaceous fungal infection in Japan. Recent sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal RNA gene has shown that this species can be separated into three species: F. pedrosoi sensu stricto, F. monophora and F. nubica. The cell walls of dematiaceous fungi including the genus Fonsecaea contain melanin, which is important for their virulence. Polyketide synthase (PKS1) is an enzyme required for melanin synthesis. This study analyzed the phylogeny of strains of F. pedrosoi sensu lato isolated in Japan by sequencing the PKS1 gene and ITS regions and identifying molecular polymorphism. Sixty strains morphologically identified as F. pedrosoi isolated worldwide, including 37 strains isolated in Japan, were analyzed. ITS regions of the ribosomal RNA gene and part of the PKS1 gene region were amplified, yielding sequences of approximately 600 and 450 bp, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced, and cluster analysis was performed. The proposed phylogenetic tree based on PKS1 sequences closely matched that based on the ITS regions. Sequencing of both regions showed that the isolates from Japan belonged to the clade of F. monophora. Molecular variations of these Japanese strains were evaluated by assessing both ITS and PKS1 sequences. The 37 isolates could be divided into at least seven molecular subtypes. The combination of these two molecular markers provides a most robust method for intraspecies subtyping and further epidemiological study of F. monophora.
Habitat mapping of coastal wetlands using expert knowledge and Earth observation data
Authors: Adamo Maria , Tarantino Cristina , Tomaselli Valeria , Veronico Giuseppe , Nagendra Harini , Blonda Palma 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Long‐term habitat mapping and change detection are essential for the management of coastal wetlands as well as for evaluating the impact of conservation policies. Earth observation (EO) data and techniques are a valuable resource for long‐term habitat mapping. Although the use of EO data is well developed for the automatic production of land cover (LC) maps, this is not the same for habitat maps, which are highly related to biodiversity.

In a previous paper, we used the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) environmental attributes (e.g. water quality, lithology, soil surface aspect) for LC‐to‐habitat class translation. However, these environmental attributes are often not openly available, not updated or are missing.

This paper offers an alternative, knowledge‐based solution to automatic habitat mapping. When only expert rules and EO data are used, the final overall map accuracy, which is obtained by comparing reference ground truth patches to the ones depicted in the output map, is lower (75·1%) than the accuracy obtained using environmental attributes alone (97·0%). Some ambiguities that still remain in habitat discrimination are resolved by integrating the use of LCCS environmental attributes (if available) and expert rules.

In this paper, we use very high‐resolution (VHR) satellite data and LIDAR data. LC classes are labelled according to the LCCS taxonomy, which offers a framework to integrate EO data with in situ and ancillary data. Output habitat classes are labelled according to the European Habitats Directive (92/43 EEC Directive) Annex I habitat types and Eunis habitat classification. Two Natura 2000 coastal wetland sites in southern Italy are considered.

Synthesis and applications. In this paper, we study the exploitation of ecological rules on vegetation pattern, plant phenology and habitat geometric properties for automatic translation of land cover (LC) maps to habitat maps in coastal wetlands. The methodology is useful for relatively inaccessible sites (e.g. wetlands) as it does not require in‐field campaigns (generally costly) but only the elicitation of ecological expert rules. This can support site (e.g. Natura 2000) managers in long‐term automatic habitat mapping. Habitat changes can be automatically detected by comparing map pairs, and trends can be quantified. This is particularly useful to satisfy the commitments of the European Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), which requires Member States to take measures to maintain as, or restore to, favourable conservation status those natural habitat types and species of community interest that are listed in the Annexes to the Directive.
Cytoprotective effects of endothelin‐1 on mesenchymal stem cells: an in vitro study
Authors: Pourjafar Mona , Saidijam Massoud , Mansouri Kamran , Malih Sara , Ranjbar Nejad Tayebeh , Shabab Nooshin , Najafi Rezvan 
Published: May 2016

SummaryStem cell‐based therapies is a promising approach for regenerative therapy in various diseases. Some obstacles remain to be solved before clinical application of the cell therapy is realized, including increasing the survival of transplanted stem cells, reducing loss of transplanted cells, and maintaining adequate vascular supply. Recently, stem cell preconditioning with chemical and pharmacological agents has been shown to increase therapeutic efficacy. The present study investigated the effect of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) on survival, angiogenesis, and migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in vitro. MSCs were treated with various concentrations of ET‐1 and the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1), C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), C‐C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2), angiopoietin‐4 (Ang‐4) and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) were examined. Caspase 3 activity and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined by ELISA assay. MSCs migration and tube formation potential were assessed using scratch test and three dimensional vessel formation assay. ET‐1 enhanced the MSCs viability. In ET‐1‐ treated MSCs, expression of COX‐2, HIF‐1, CXCR4, CCR2, VEGF, Ang‐2, Ang‐4 and MMP‐2 were increased compared to control groups. Elevation of all these genes were reversed by celecoxib (50 μmol/L), a selective COX‐2 inhibitor. PGE2 generation, MSCs migration and tube formation were enhanced by ET‐1 conditioning, whereas caspase‐3 activity was reduced in these cells, compared to the control group. The results presented here reveal that preconditioning of MSCs with ET‐1 has strong cytoprotective effects through activation of survival signalling molecules and trophic factors.
Report of the Editor‐in‐Chief
Authors: Harvey David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSubmissions to the Journal continue to increase steadily, with a strong international pattern, while our response times are also improving. The JAE's citation impact factor has recovered to 1.3 in 2014. Current indications are that 2015's score will be similar. Wiley‐Blackwell continue to provide a strong publishing platform with our full archive generating a continuing increase in the number of downloads.
Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis and its impact on Chinese clinical practice
Authors: Chen Qi , Lu Hong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gastritis has had a great effect on the field of H. pylori studies worldwide. For the first time H. pylori gastritis was defined entirely as an infectious disease and H. pylori‐associated dyspepsia as a new category of organic dyspepsia apart from functional dyspepsia, together with a proposed diagnostic algorithm. Accordingly, the report states that the eradication of H. pylori should be regarded as the first‐line treatment for dyspepsia. Moreover, H. pylori eradication before the development of pre‐neoplastic changes is recommended to reduce the risk of more serious complications of H. pylori gastritis. Despite the recommendations of this new global consensus, the task of transforming them into feasible and practical recommendations for individual countries will require them to become region‐specific, which requires further discussion.
Adjunctive targeted contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography for the work‐up of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 3 and 4 lesions
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Ling , Guan Jian , Li Mei‐Zhi , Liu Ming‐Juan , Guo Yan , Zheng Yan‐Ling , Yang Zheng , Yang Jian‐Yong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe assessment and management of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 3 and 4 lesions (BI‐RADS 3 and 4 lesions respectively) present numerous challenges for breast radiologists and physicians due to the ambiguity in the classification guidelines. Different imaging modalities have been investigated for their ability to provide additional aid in classification and management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of targeted contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) as an adjunctive modality to mammography plus conventional ultrasound (MG + US) in the decision of whether further diagnostic work‐up is needed for BI‐RADS 3 and 4 lesions.MethodsA total of 37 MG + US‐detected BI‐RADS 3 lesions and 60 MG + US‐detected BI‐RADS 4 lesions were analysed by targeted CEUS and biopsied. The effectiveness of CEUS in distinguishing benign from malignant entities among the breast lesions was evaluated by using the histological results of biopsied samples as the gold standard.ResultsTwo BI‐RADS 3 and 14 BI‐RADS 4 lesions were diagnosed as true‐positive findings by targeted CEUS, with negative predictive values (NPVs) of 100% and 89.2% respectively.ConclusionsOwing to the high NPV of targeted CEUS, a negative diagnosis of MG + US‐detected BI‐RADS 3 lesions by targeted CEUS can be helpful in avoiding unnecessary biopsies. However, targeted CEUS cannot be used to exclude patients with BI‐RADS 4 lesions from further diagnostic work‐up.
Systemic‐pulmonary artery shunt: A rare cause of false‐positive filling defect in the pulmonary arteries
Authors: Chawla Ashish , Bosco Jerome , Lim Tze Chwan , Gaikwad Vishal , Chung Raymond 
Published: May 2016

SummaryComputed tomographic (CT) pulmonary angiography is widely used for evaluation of pulmonary embolism. Intraluminal filling defects in the contrast enhanced pulmonary arteries are considered diagnostic of pulmonary emboli. We report a false‐positive case where filling defects in the pulmonary artery were due to mixing of blood from a complex shunt or vascular malformation between the systemic arteries and pulmonary artery.
Importance of traditional protected areas for the collection of medicinal plants, Kongo‐Central (DRC)
Authors: Flavien Nzuki Bakwaye , Vanhove Wouter , Termote Céline , Van Damme Patrick 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Mbanza‐Ngungu region (Kongo‐Central province, DRC) currently faces continued forest deterioration. Many of these forests were traditionally protected areas of which to date, only traces are left. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the importance of forest remnants and other components of the landscape for the collection of medicinal plants in the Mbanza‐Ngungu Region, DRC. Between February 2009 and May 2012, semi‐structured interviews and participatory observations were conducted in this region with 51 traditional healers selected by means of the ‘snowball method’. Local importance of medicinal plants was determined by the medicinal Use Value parameter. Statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS 20.0 and based on chi‐square test, analysis of variance and post hoc comparison of means. Our results show that the forest remnants remain the main medicinal species provider: 68 species against 62 for agro‐ecosystems. However, the total number of citations for medicinal species uses is higher for agro‐ecosystems (293) than for forest remnants (233), and this difference is significant (P < 0·05). This could be explained, among others, by the fact that some forest remnants are respected or protected by the villagers for religious and ritual purposes (Sangi). This also points to the importance of agro‐ecosystems and secondary vegetation as provider of medicinal plants around rural villages, as seen elsewhere in the tropics.
New scoring system improves inter‐rater reliability of the Neonatal Oral‐Motor Assessment Scale
Authors: da Costa Saakje P. , Hübl Nicole , Kaufman Nicole , Bos Arend F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThe Neonatal Oral‐Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) is a standardised tool to assess sucking patterns in infants to 48 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA). In the Netherlands, the interpretation of specific NOMAS items has evolved, leading to a new scoring system. Recent research using the NOMAS describes a way of clustering the most frequent items, and the aim of this study was to determine whether those changes improved the inter‐rater reliability.MethodsThe inter‐rater reliability was tested by two NOMAS‐certified therapists who scored 120 video recordings of 40 preterm infants, admitted to the University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Germany, at 34, 37 and 44 weeks PMA, for normal, disorganised and dysfunctional diagnosis. The NOMAS comprised 28 items and five clusters of items.ResultsThe therapists agreed on the level of diagnoses for 116 of 120 recordings (Cohen's Κ 0.90), on an item level for 107 of 120 recordings (Cohen's Κ 0.78) and on a cluster level for 108 of 120 recordings (Cohen's K 0.90).ConclusionThe new scoring system improved the inter‐rater reliability of the NOMAS on all levels, highlighting the importance of NOMAS user having a clear understanding on how to interpret and score each item.
Supportive care utilization and treatment toxicity in children with Down syndrome and acute lymphoid leukaemia at free‐standing paediatric hospitals in the United States
Authors: Salazar Elizabeth G. , Li Yimei , Fisher Brian T. , Rheingold Susan R. , Fitzgerald Julie , Seif Alix E. , Huang Yuan‐Shung , Bagatell Rochelle , Aplenc Richard 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAlthough inferior outcomes of children with Down syndrome (DS) and acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) are established, national supportive care patterns for these patients are unknown. A validated retrospective cohort of paediatric patients diagnosed with ALL from 1999 to 2011 was assembled from the US Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to examine organ toxicity, sepsis, and resource utilization in children with and without DS. Among 10699 ALL patients, 298 had DS‐ALL (2·8%). In a multivariate model, DS was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular (odds ratio [OR] 2·0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1·6–2·7), respiratory (OR 2·1, 95% CI: 1·6–2·9), neurologic (OR 3·4, 95% CI 1·9–6·2), and hepatic (OR 1·4, 95% CI 1·0–1·9) dysfunction and sepsis (OR 1·8, 95% CI: 1·4–2·4). Children with DS‐ALL used significantly more respiratory support, insulin, and anti‐infectives, including broad‐spectrum Gram‐positive agents, quinolones, and azoles. They used significantly fewer analgesics and antiemetics compared to non‐DS‐ALL children. Ultimately, this study confirms the increased risk of infectious and end‐organ toxicity in children with DS‐ALL and quantifies important differences in resource utilization between children with DS and non‐DS ALL. These findings highlight the importance of investigating the impact of these care variations and developing specific supportive care guidelines for this population.
The Combination of Scopolamine and Psychostimulants for the Prevention of Severe Motion Sickness
Authors: Zhang Li‐Li , Liu Hong‐Qi , Yu Xu‐Hong , Zhang Ying , Tian Jia‐Sheng , Song Xu‐Rui , Han Bing , Liu Ai‐Jun 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackground and aimsSevere motion sickness is a huge obstacle for people conducting precise aviation, marine or emergency service tasks. The combination of scopolamine and d‐amphetamine is most effective in preventing severe motion sickness. However, this combination is not included in any present pharmacopoeia due to the abuse liability of d‐amphetamine. We wanted to find a combination to replace it for the treatment of severe motion sickness.Methods and resultsWe compared the efficacy of scopolamine, diphenhydramine, and granisetron (representing three classes of drugs) with different doses, and found that scopolamine was the most effective one. We also found scopolamine inhibited central nervous system at therapeutic doses and caused anxiety. Then, we combined it with different doses of psychostimulants (d‐amphetamine, modafinil, caffeine) to find the best combination for motion sickness. The efficacy of scopolamine with modafinil (1 + 10 mg/kg) was equivalent to that of scopolamine with d‐amphetamine (1 + 1 mg/kg); This combination also excited central nervous system and abolished the anxiety caused by scopolamine.ConclusionsThe optimal dose ratio of scopolamine and modafinil is 1:10. This combination is beneficial for motion sickness and can abolish the side effects of scopolamine. So, it might be a good replacement of scopolamine and d‐amphetamine for severe motion sickness.
Advancing Conservation by Understanding and Influencing Human Behavior
Authors: Reddy Sheila M.W. , Montambault Jensen , Masuda Yuta J. , Keenan Elizabeth , Butler William , Fisher Jonathan R.B. , Asah Stanley T. , Gneezy Ayelet 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBehavioral sciences can advance conservation by systematically identifying behavioral barriers to conservation and how to best overcome them. Behavioral sciences have informed policy in many other realms (e.g., health, savings), but they are a largely untapped resource for conservation. We propose a set of guiding questions for applying behavioral insights to conservation policy. These questions help define the conservation problem as a behavior change problem, understand behavioral mechanisms and identify appropriate approaches for behavior change (awareness, incentives, nudges), and evaluate and adapt approaches based on new behavioral insights. We provide a foundation for the questions by synthesizing a wide range of behavior change models and evidence related to littering, water and energy conservation, and land management. We also discuss the methodology and data needed to answer these questions. We illustrate how these questions have been answered in practice to inform efforts to promote conservation for climate risk reduction. Although more comprehensive research programs to answer these questions are needed, some insights are emerging. Integrating two or more behavior change approaches that target multiple, context‐dependent factors may be most successful; however, caution must be taken to avoid approaches that could undermine one another (e.g., economic incentives crowding out intrinsic incentives).
Factors related to tracheostomy timing and ventilator weaning: findings from a population in Northern Taiwan
Authors: Chen Hui‐Chin , Song Lixin , Chang Hsin‐Chieh , Hsu Min‐Tao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionDetermining the optimal time for performing a tracheostomy and weaning a patient off a ventilator is typically challenging for physicians, respiratory therapists, patients and patients' families.PurposeThis study examined the factors influencing tracheostomy timing and ventilator weaning and described the transition‐care placement of patients who experience unsuccessful ventilator weaning.MethodsA retrospective design was employed, and 2 years of data were collected through a medical chart review performed at a hospital in Northern Taiwan. Sixty patients who received tracheostomies in the intensive care unit (ICU) or respiratory care center were enrolled. The data included each patient's demographic information, disease diagnosis, and Glasgow Coma Scale score and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores.ResultsFor patients on a ventilator in an ICU, the tracheostomy rate was 2.7%. Early (within 21 days) and late (>21 days) tracheostomies accounted for 36.7% and 63.3%, respectively. Of the patients who had received tracheostomies, 36.7% experienced ventilator weaning. The factors related to tracheostomy timing were disease diagnosis (P = 0.036) and days of ventilator use (P = 0.003). The factors related to ventilator weaning included disease diagnosis (P = 0.010) and tracheostomy timing (P = 0.001). Early tracheostomies were 10.9 times more likely than late tracheostomies to result in ventilator weaning (95%CI =2.5–47.7, P = 0.002).ConclusionsTracheostomy timing was strongly correlated with ventilator weaning. Early tracheostomy was higher successful ventilator weaning rates. The surgical patients were more likely to receive an early tracheostomy. However, the number of patients in Taiwan who received tracheostomies was lower than that in other countries. Further study maybe need to understand cultural variations in the acceptance of tracheostomies by patients.