bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of Impingement Location of Liquid Jet Poured from a Tilting Ladle with Lip Spout
Authors: Castilla R. , Gamez-Montero P. J. , Raush G. , Khamashta M. , Codina E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A new approach for simulating liquid poured from a tilting lip spout is presented, using neither a dynamic mesh nor the moving solid solution method. In this case only the tilting ladle is moving, so we propose to rotate the gravitational acceleration at an angular velocity prescribed by a geometrical and dynamical calculation to keep the poured flow rate constant. This angular velocity is applied to modify the orientation of the gravity vector in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using the OpenFOAM® toolbox. Also, fictitious forces are considered. The modified solver is used to calculate the impingement location for six spout geometries and compare the jet dispersion there. This method could offer an inexpensive tool to calculate optimal spout geometries to reduce sprue size in the metal casting industry.
Facile Formation of Medium‐Chain‐Length Poly‐3‐Hydroxyalkanoates (mcl‐PHA)‐Incorporated Nanoparticle Using Combination of Non‐Ionic Surfactants
Authors: Ishak K. A. , Annuar M. Suffian M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe assembly of nanoparticles incorporating bacterial medium‐chain‐length poly‐3‐hydroxyalkanoates (mcl‐PHA) via phase inversion emulsification (PIE) was investigated. Sequential addition of water into an agitated mixture of carrier oil (jojoba oil), nonionic surfactants (Cremophor EL and Span 80) and melted mcl‐PHA triggered phase inversion of water‐in‐oil (W/O) to oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion. The emulsion inversion point (EIP) at 30% w/w of water content was determined by abrupt changes in viscosity and conductivity of the suspension. Concurrently, infrared transmittance of the O–H group of water, the C–O–C group of surfactants and the C–H group of alkane chain were practically identical while Small Angle X‐ray Scattering indicated the presence of a bi‐continuous/lamellar structure. The morphology of the emulsion changed, with increasing water content, from W/O to bi‐continuous/lamellar structure and finally to O/W. mcl‐PHA appears to form a bridging polymeric network, covering the nanoparticle with a protective layer for enhanced protection of the encapsulated compound. A hypothetical mechanism for the mcl‐PHA‐based nanoparticle assembly is also proposed.
La sociedad casa como modelo explicativo de la organización social, identidad y política entre los mayas del periodo clásico. Evidencias y reflexiones
Authors: Pool Cab Marcos Noé 
Published: February 2017

El presente trabajo explora las bases teóricas y metodológicas del constructo casa como modelo operativo que explica la organización social maya prehispánica del periodo Clásico a través de los datos arqueológicos y epigráficos, contrastados con la información etnográfica. Este ensayo ofrece diferentes evidencias mediante la revisión bibliográfica de autores que, si bien no tratan el tema, aportan información útil para la propuesta.El modelo de sociedades tipo casa fue introducido a los estudios antropológicos a finales de la década de 1970 por el antropólogo francés Lévi-Strauss. En la arqueología maya no ha recibido la atención suficiente, aun cuando investigadores como Armando Anaya (1996) y Susan Gillespie (2000, 2011), entre otros, han expuesto las bondades académicas del modelo para explicar las relaciones sociales y de poder, símbolos y prácticas en la estructura social prehispánica. Aunque el presente artículo sigue la línea de los autores mencionados, no pretende hacer una recapitulación de sus trabajos, sino reflexionar a partir sobre esta propuesta estructuralista como modelo de interpretación.
Flora, usos y algunas causales de cambio en quince huertos familiares en el municipio de José María Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
Authors: Pulido-Salas María Teresa , Ordóñez Díaz María de Jesús , Cálix de Dios Héctor 
Published: February 2017

En la zona maya de la Península de Yucatán han surgido cambios en las prioridades cotidianas, que incluyen el manejo del huerto familiar tradicional —llamado localmente solar—. Mediante entrevistas a los dueños y recorridos por las unidades domésticas, se realizó un registro de especies vegetales y su uso, y se documentaron las razones para modificar las prioridades en el huerto, llamado localmente “solar”. En tres poblados del municipio José María Morelos, en Quintana Roo, seleccionamos 15 huertos por su evidente diversidad vegetal. Registramos 72 especies de 40 familias botánicas y 10 categorías de uso. Encontramos dos razones principales que inciden en las prioridades para el manejo del “solar”: la edad de los propietarios y el surgimiento de nuevas fuentes de ingresos monetarios para la familia. Los huertos estudiados están cambiando, sobreviven como Unidad Productiva Familiar (UPF) y como Unidad de Adaptación Social (UAS) manteniendo su función principal de proveedor de alimentos.
On variational approach to photometric stereo
Authors: Chabrowski Jan , Kewei Zhang 
Published: February 2017

In this article we discuss a variational aspect of a system of two equations arising in photometric stereo. Assuming that this system has two distinct solutions, we construct a minimizing sequence for any function lying on a segment joining these two solutions. In general, the system in question may have one, two, four or more than four solutions.

Résumé
Dans cet article, nous étudions l’aspect variationnel d’un système de deux équations intervenant en « vision stéréo ». Sous l’hypothèse que le système a deux solutions distinctes, nous construisons une suite minimisante approchant toutes les fonctions appartenant au segment joignant ces deux solutions. En général, le système étudié peut posséder une, deux, quatre (ou plus) solutions.
Vladimir J. Fewkes
Authors: Mason J. Alden 
Published: February 2017

Relief from several years of pain came to Vladimir J. Fewkes in the University Hospital, Philadelphia, December 11, 1941. His outstanding personality is missed by his colleagues and associates who, however, rejoice that his sufferings are over. He is survived by his widow, Berenice B. Fewkes of Philadelphia.Dr. Fewkes was born in Nymburk, Czechoslovakia, March 23, 1901. His family was old and prominent in Bohemia; his father was a member of the first Senate of the Czech republic and a close friend of Masaryk. After four years of service in the first World War, Dr. Fewkes came, as a practically penniless immigrant, speaking no English, in 1921, to Philadelphia. His great adaptability is evidenced by the fact that those who met him first a few years later seldom suspected his foreign birth; he had no trace of an accent and was in all respects typically American.
Double identity in Orissa's Golden Triangle
Authors: James N. 
Published: February 2017

The Medieval Hindu temples of Puri, Rhubaneswar and Konark are promoted as Orissa's version of northern India's ‘Golden Triangle’ of Agra, Fatehpur Sikri and Jaipur. One of the less affluent States in India, Orissa stands to benefit from tourism (FIGURE 1). The promotion seeks to appeal to all Indians and foreigners and also to prompt an image of Orissa as a distinct region. Such duality is typical among the diversity of community, ethnic, communal, federalist and national values at issue in India (Chatterjee 1993: 75).Cultivation of the temples is nothing new. Whatever the original purposes of icons, significance is ascribed, not simply inherent. It depends on economic or political interest and context (Cohen 1985). Harrison (1999) has argued that images of ethnicity tend to be defended as if at risk of pollution or theft by outsiders. Under the influence of European ideology, the commonest symbol for ethnic or nationalist aspiration is language but religion and other markers of culture have been used too (Smith 1981). Other than religion, one of the criteria for invoking the temples is the discipline of archaeology. However, archaeology too is a Western conceptual idiom (Cohn 1983: 209). Although literacy — including in the ‘English medium’ — is spreading, archaeology is not appreciated by everyone in Orissa. Partly for that reason, there have been various views as to how the temples should be presented and to whom.
Archaeology and identity in colonial India
Authors: Lahiri Nayanjot 
Published: February 2017

‘How is it that your countrymen steal our gods?’ asked a Brahmin of the Baptist missionary, John Chamberlain who noted the details of this conversation in his diary on 20 November 1817 (Davis 1997: 164):‘Sir, a gentleman whose name I do not remember, came to me to let him take the image of Lukshinee away, which stood on the point where the river and rivulet meet; and he said he would give me a sum of money if I could consent to it. I told him that I could not take any money for it; that she was worshipped by all the people around, and that several times a year the people assembled from the country at a distance to see the goddess, and to bathe: at which time much was offered to her’. The gentleman persisted. He returned four or five times, offered ample remuneration and even took the brahmin by boat to see the assemblage of gods in his Calcutta house, but still the brahmin refused to sell. Finally, the gentleman ‘got his people together, and took away the goddess by night. There the tree stands, Sir, but the goddess is gone!’
The Experimental Earthworks revisited
Authors: Ashbee Paul , Jewell Peter 
Published: February 2017

Few archaeological projects set out with the intention of running for decades. The committee of the Experimental Earthwork project, however, developed an elaborate programme from 1960 until well into the 3rd millennium AD, designed to study the long-term processes of earthwork construction and change. Paul Ashbee and the late Peter Jewell present their personal view of the aims, experiences and some results of this project.Sadly Peter Jewell died on 23 May 1998, and this paper is a fitting tribute to his major role in the enterprise.
The Tupi: explaining origin and expansions in terms of archaeology and of historical linguistics
Authors: Noelli Francisco Silva 
Published: February 2017

Interest in explaining scientifically the enormous territorial expansion of the Tupi has been an issue since 1838, now with a consensus: a common centre of origin existed, from which the Tupi fanned out, differentiating through distinct historic and cultural processes whilst keeping several common cultural features. But there is no consensus as to where the centre was located and where passed the routes of expansion.Scholars have often asserted this hypothesis, but contributed very little scientific proof. Since 1960, archaeological (site location, radiocarbon and thermoluminescent dating) and linguistic data (glottochronology, relationships among languages) have been brought to the scene.
Notes on new advancements and revelations in the agricultural archaeology of early rice domestication in the Dongting Lake region
Authors: Anping Pei 
Published: February 2017

The Liyang plain, located in the northwest of Hunan province, is part of the plain on the north of Dongting Lake. It is situated at longitude 111°22′30″E to 111°51′30″E, and latitude 29°35′31″N to 29°47′30″N. It is made up of the Li River, its tributaries and the alluvial plain, and occupies about 600 sq. km in area (FIGURE 1).The plain is saucer-shaped and surrounded by small hills on three sides, joined at the eastern part to the plain north of Dongting Lake. The area is a classic ‘plate-basin’ structure. Inside its boundaries, the land is broad and flat, with small streams winding in different directions, and lakes and ponds dotting the landscape. It is 32–45 m above sea level, with an incline of 2° to 3°.
Radiocarbon dating: avoiding errors by avoiding mixed samples
Authors: Ashmore P. J. 
Published: February 2017

Chronology and its refinement continues to be important, especially in the methods by which the dates are actually achieved. Here, the question of whether single object/bone samples provide more accurate dates than mixed samples is debated, and applied to samples from prehistoric Scotland.In an appendix, the recent radiocarbon dating of samples from within the Calanais stone circle on the Isle of Lewis, Scotland, opens up further debate on phasing and occupation.
SOME SPHERE THEOREMS FOR SUBMANIFOLDS WITH POSITIVE BIORTHOGONAL CURVATURE
Authors: RUFINO ELZIMAR 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate sphere theorems for submanifolds with positive biorthogonal (sectional) curvature. We provide some upper bounds for the full norm of the second fundamental form under which a compact submanifold must be diffeomorphic to a sphere.
Suggestions for Notation and Printing
Authors: Bryan G.H. 
Published: February 2017

The list of suggestions issued by the London Mathematical Society is open to several amendments and possibly improvements.1. The use of small fractions in the midst of letterpress is often open to the objection that such fractions are difficult to read, and, moreover, very often do not come out clearly in printing. It is especially difficult to distinguish 1/3 from 1/8, and the latter sometimes prints exactly like the former if the type does not ink properly or is slightly uneven. For this reason it would be better to confine the use of these fractions to such common forms as ¼, ½, ¾, 1/3 and to use the notation 18/22 for other fractions ; at any rate small fractions should not be used for both thirds and eighths, and as thirds are usually commoner, it would be well to restrict their use to these.
Obituary
Authors: Pendry F M. A. 
Published: February 2017

It is with very deep regret that we record the death of Miss F. M. A. Pendry in August last.She was one of the keenest members of the Mathematical Association. She served as a committee member of the London Branch for many years, being chairman for the three years 1950-1952 and vice chairman for the four previous years. She was a member of the Associated Examining Board and helped in the formation of a Syllabus for a Certificate Examination for Technical Students and she was greatly interested in this new approach to the subject. She was also a co-opted member of the Mathematical Sub-Committee at the Institute of Education, for several years up to the time of her death.
The Unification of Algebra in Schools
Authors: Neville E. H. , Broadbent T. A. A. 
Published: February 2017

My function in this discussion is the humble one of attempting to supply a rough scaffolding into which the durable parts of the edifice will be fitted by the other three speakers.The teaching of algebra has never been dominated by a single work in the way in which Euclid for so long a time dominated the teaching of geometry For that reason, perhaps, the revolts in geometry have corresponded to quiet reforms in algebra, and the problems involved, though equally important, have never received the same amount of attention. On the teaching of the subject in schools, excellent books exist; there is Sir Percy Nunn’s classic, and more recently, a book by Durell, and much relevant matter in Godfrey and Siddons, Teaching of Elementary Mathematics.
Let's get fISSical: fastin silicosynchronization as a new tool for cell division cycle analysis
Authors: MORRISWOOD BROOKE , ENGSTLER MARKUS 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYCell cycle progression is a question of fundamental biological interest. The coordinated duplication and segregation of all cellular structures and organelles is however an extremely complex process, and one which remains only partially understood even in the most intensively researched model organisms. Trypanosomes are in an unusual position in this respect – they are both outstanding model systems for fundamental questions in eukaryotic cell biology, and pathogens that are the causative agents of three of the neglected tropical diseases. As a failure to successfully complete cell division will be deleterious or lethal, analysis of the cell division cycle is of relevance both to basic biology and drug design efforts. Cell division cycle analysis is however experimentally challenging, as the analysis of phenotypes associated with it remains hypothesis-driven and therefore biased. Current methods of analysis are extremely labour-intensive, and cell synchronization remains difficult and unreliable. Consequently, there exists a need – both in basic and applied trypanosome biology – for a global, unbiased, standardized and high-throughput analysis of cell division cycle progression. In this review, the requirements – both practical and computational – for such a system are considered and compared with existing techniques for cell cycle analysis.
Association between alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit substance abuse and risk of developing schizophrenia: a nationwide population based register study
Authors: Nielsen S. M. , Toftdahl N. G. , Nordentoft M. , Hjorthøj C. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundSeveral studies have examined whether use of substances can cause schizophrenia. However, due to methodological limitations in the existing literature (e.g. selection bias and lack of adjustment of co-abuse) uncertainties still remain. We aimed to investigate whether substance abuse increases the risk of developing schizophrenia, addressing some of these limitations.MethodThe longitudinal, nationwide Danish registers were linked to establish a cohort of 3 133 968 individuals (105 178 673 person-years at risk), identifying 204 505 individuals diagnosed with substance abuse and 21 305 diagnosed with schizophrenia. Information regarding substance abuse was extracted from several registers and did not include psychotic symptoms caused by substance abuse in the definition. This resulted in a large, generalizable sample of exposed individuals. The data was analysed using Cox regression analyses, and adjusted for calendar year, gender, urbanicity, co-abuse, other psychiatric diagnosis, parental substance abuse, psychiatric history, immigration and socioeconomic status.ResultsA diagnosis of substance abuse increased the overall risk of developing schizophrenia [hazard ratio (HR) 6.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.84–6.26]. Cannabis (HR 5.20, 95% CI 4.86–5.57) and alcohol (HR 3.38, 95% CI 3.24–3.53) presented the strongest associations. Abuse of hallucinogens (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.43–2.41), sedatives (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.49–1.90), and other substances (HR 2.85, 95% CI 2.58–3.15) also increased the risk significantly. The risk was found to be significant even 10–15 years subsequent to a diagnosis of substance abuse.ConclusionOur results illustrate robust associations between almost any type of substance abuse and an increased risk of developing schizophrenia later in life.
The Soviet Nationalities Collection at Columbia University
Authors: Summer Susan Cook 
Published: February 2017

The Soviet Nationalities Collection at Columbia University is one of the largest and most varied collections of its kind in the nation. Established in the 1960s, it now numbers more than 15,000 volumes in forty-seven different languages from the Altaic, Transcaucasian, Uralic, Paleo-Siberian, and Indo-European language groups. It grows at a rate of about 500 books a year.The collection supports instruction and research in fields including language and literature, political science, economics, history, folklore, religion and philosophy, and the arts. Although not cataloged until recently, the collection has long been used by scholars from research centers at Columbia, such as the Harriman Institute for the Advanced Study of the Soviet Union, the Center for the Study of Central Asia, the Program on Soviet Nationality Problems, and the Department of Slavic Languages. Its reputation growing by word-of-mouth, the collection has also attracted visiting scholars and requests through interlibrary loan.
Developing a system to estimate the severity of influenza infection in England: findings from a hospital-based surveillance system between 2010/2011 and 2014/2015
Authors: BODDINGTON N. L. , VERLANDER N. Q. , PEBODY R. G. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYThe UK Severe Influenza Surveillance System (USISS) was established following the 2009 influenza pandemic to monitor severe seasonal influenza. This article describes the severity of influenza observed in five post-2009 pandemic seasons in England. Two key measures were used to assess severity: impact measured through the cumulative incidence of laboratory-confirmed hospitalised influenza and case severity through the proportion of confirmed hospitalised cases admitted into intensive care units (ICU)/high dependency units (HDU). The impact of influenza varied by subtype and age group across the five seasons with the highest crude cumulative hospitalisation incidence for influenza A/H1N1pdm09 cases in 2010/2011 and in 0–4 year olds each season for all-subtypes. Case severity also varied by subtype and season with a higher hospitalisation: ICU ratio for A/H1N1pdm09 and older age groups (older than 45 years). The USISS system provides a tool for measuring severity of influenza each year. Such seasonal surveillance can provide robust baseline estimates to allow for rapid assessment of the severity of seasonal and emerging influenza viruses.
A comprehensible guide to a new unifier for CIC including universe polymorphism and overloading
Authors: ZILIANI BETA , SOZEAU MATTHIEU 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUnification is a core component of every proof assistant or programming language featuring dependent types. In many cases, it must deal with higher order problems up to conversion. Since unification in such conditions is undecidable, unification algorithms may include several heuristics to solve common problems. However, when the stack of heuristics grows large, the result and complexity of the algorithm can become unpredictable. Our contributions are twofold: (1) We present a full description of a new unification algorithm for the Calculus of Inductive Constructions (the base logic of COQ), building it up from a basic calculus to the full Calculus of Inductive Constructions as it is implemented in COQ, including universe polymorphism, canonical structures (the overloading mechanism baked into COQ's unification), and a small set of useful heuristics. (2) We implemented our algorithm, and tested it on several libraries, providing evidence that the selected set of heuristics suffices for large developments.
Isotopic Evidence for Diet at Chau Hiix, Belize: Testing Regional Models of Hierarchy and Heterarchy
Authors: Metcalfe Jessica Z. , White Christine D. , Longstaffe Fred J. , Wrobel Gabriel , Cook Della Collins , Pyburn K. Anne 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values (δ13C, δ15N) of collagen and the carbon isotope value of structural carbonate in bioapatite were measured in the bones and teeth of Early Classic to Historic period Maya buried at Chau Hiix, Belize. Diet at Chau Hiix comprised a mixture of resources but contained an unusual amount of protein from high trophic levels. There were no differences between the diets of males and females, and there were no consistent changes in diet from birth to age 12. However, children consumed more maize than adults during all time periods. Similarities in general diet and temporal changes at Chau Hiix, Lamanai, and Altun Ha suggest their participation in a regional socioeconomic system. The diets of the highest-status Early Classic individuals at Chau Hiix, Lamanai, and Altun Ha were different from one another and from those of other individuals buried at their respective sites. We suggest that elites created or attempted to create hierarchies of food consumption within sites during the Classic period and that a heterarchy existed among elites from different sites. During the Postclassic period the major protein component of the Chau Hiix diet shifted from terrestrial animal and/or freshwater resources to reef resources, which suggests increased associations with coastal sites. Temporal changes in diet at Chau Hiix closely paralleled changes at Lamanai, but diets at the two sites were distinct during all time periods.