bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of the number of report and time‐to‐onset of the reported adverse event between the biosimilars and the originator of filgrastim
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsu , Kamada Izumi , Komura Junko , Toyoshima Satoshi , Ishii‐Watabe Akiko 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study is to specify the most reported adverse events as preferred terms (PTs) and to compare the reported adverse events about some properties including the number of report and time‐to‐onset (TTO) distribution of the originator of filgrastim Neupogen® and its biosimilars in Europe, using VigiBase®.MethodsWe identified the biosimilar which was reported as the suspected drug in more than 100 individual case safety reports in Europe. Then, we specified the top ranking 10 PTs in the cases reported with Neupogen® or each biosimilar as the suspected drug. We also compared the TTO of the most reported PTs using the data about the onset date of the PT and the start date of filgrastim. We used Kolmogorov–Smirnov method to detect significant difference.ResultsThe total ICSR numbers with Neupogen® and 3 biosimilars, Zarzio®, Nivestim®, and Tevagrastim® were 1,301, 295, 156, and 127, respectively, in Europe. The most reported PTs with Neupogen® were bone pain, pyrexia, and dyspnoea. The TTO of bone pain and pyrexia with Zarzio® (N: 22 and 16, median: 1 and 0.5 days) were significantly shorter than those with Neupogen® (P < 0.01, N: 72 and 33, median: 3.5 and 3 days), respectively. The most reported PTs with biosimilars were drug ineffective and neutropenia.ConclusionThe difference in the TTO was identified between originator filgrastim Neupogen and its biosimilar regarding some PTs, which may suggest the difference in their safety profile. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raising the list of SirT7 targets to a new level
Authors: Simonet Nicolas G. , Vaquero Alejandro 
Published: June 2017

Sirtuins are crucial proteins involved in sensing and coordinating the response to different forms of stress, mainly through NAD+‐dependent deacetylation of proteins. For that reason, sirtuins are directly involved in many human pathologies including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. SirT7, one of the less well‐understood sirtuins, has been associated with ribosome biogenesis, gene expression, metabolism and cancer. Despite the wide range of these functions, only a handful of targets for SirT7 have so far been described. In this issue, Zhang et al. report the first proteomic screening of SirT7 substrates. Using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry, they have identified a comprehensive list of candidates involved in a variety of functions, ranging from maintenance of chromatin architecture to gene silencing and metabolism. A selected group of these candidates has been validated by in vitro co‐immunoprecipitation and deacetylation experiments. Predictive tools have identified additional candidates. The identification of these novel targets not only suggests new ways of understanding the physiological role of SirT7, but also provides new evidence to add to our existing knowledge of the global impact of sirtuins in cell homeostasis.
A survey on theoretical advances of community detection in networks
Authors: Zhao Yunpeng 
Published: June 2017

Real‐world networks usually have community structure, that is, nodes are grouped into densely connected communities. Community detection is one of the most popular and best‐studied research topics in network science and has attracted attention in many different fields, including computer science, statistics, social sciences, among others. Numerous approaches for community detection have been proposed in literature, from ad hoc algorithms to systematic model‐based approaches. The large number of available methods leads to a fundamental question: whether a certain method can provide consistent estimates of community labels. The stochastic blockmodel (SBM) and its variants provide a convenient framework for the study of such problems. This article is a survey on the recent theoretical advances of community detection. The authors review a number of community detection methods and their theoretical properties, including graph cut methods, profile likelihoods, the pseudo‐likelihood method, the variational method, belief propagation, spectral clustering, and semidefinite relaxations of the SBM. The authors also briefly discuss other research topics in community detection such as robust community detection, community detection with nodal covariates and model selection, as well as suggest a few possible directions for future research. WIREs Comput Stat 2017, 9:e1403. doi: 10.1002/wics.1403This article is categorized under:

Data: Types and Structure > Graph and Network Data
Die StreetScooter-Entwicklungsstory
Authors: Kampker Achim , Gerdes Jürgen , Schuh Günther 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungNein, Design stand nie wirklich im Mittelpunkt der Entwicklung. Trotzdem ist der StreetScooter eine durchaus emotionale Kiste. Jedenfalls für die, die von Anfang an den Erfolg für möglich hielten.
Die StreetScooter-Produktions-Story
Authors: Kampker Achim , Gerdes Jürgen , Schuh Günther 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Mobilitätswende ist ein Megathema unserer Zeit. Der Wandel vom konventionellen zum elektrischen Antriebsstrang betrifft die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette von Automobilherstellern über Komponentenlieferanten bis hin zum Maschinen- und Anlagenbauer. Innovative Produktionsprozesse und Fahrzeugkonzepte spielen dabei eine zentrale Rolle.
Practical risk score for 5‐, 10‐, and 20‐year prediction of dementia in elderly persons: Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Li Jinlei , Ogrodnik Matthew , Devine Sherral , Auerbach Sanford , Wolf Philip A. , Au Rhoda 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionWith a rapidly aging population, general practitioners are confronting the challenge of how to determine those who are at greatest risk for dementia and potentially need more specialized follow‐up to mitigate symptoms early in its course. We created a practical dementia risk score and provided individualized estimates of future dementia risk.MethodsUsing the Framingham Heart Study data, we built our prediction model using Cox proportional hazard models and developed a point system for the risk score and risk estimates.ResultsThe score system used total points ranging from −1 to 31 and stratifies individuals into different levels of risk. We estimated 5‐, 10‐, and 20‐year dementia risk prediction and incorporated these into the points system.DiscussionThis risk score system provides a practical tool because all included predictors are easy to assess by practitioners. It can be used to estimate future probabilities of dementia for individuals.
What Is the Applicability of a Novel Surveillance Concept of Ventilator-Associated Events?
Authors: Jansson Miia , Ala-Kokko Tero , Ahvenjärvi Lauri , Karhu Jaana , Ohtonen Pasi , Syrjälä Hannu 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDIn 2013, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a novel surveillance concept called the “ventilator-associated event,” which focused surveillance on objective measures of complications among patients that underwent invasive ventilations.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the concordance and possible differences in efficacy (ie, disease severity and outcomes) between 2 surveillance paradigms: (1) infection-related ventilator-associated complications (iVAC) and (2) on conventional ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).DESIGNProspective, observational, single-center cohort study.PATIENTSThis study included 85 adult patients that received invasive ventilation for at least 2 consecutive calendar days in a 22-bed, adult, mixed medical-surgical intensive care unit in Finland between October 2014 and June 2015.RESULTSAmong these patients, 9 (10.1 per 1,000 days of mechanical ventilation) developed iVAC (10.6%) and 20 (22.4 per 1,000 days of mechanical ventilation) developed conventional VAP (23.5%). The iVAC indicators were most often caused by atelectasis and fluid overload. Compared with patients with conventional VAP, patients with iVAC had significantly worse respiratory status but no other differences in disease severity or outcomes.CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of conventional VAP was >2-fold that of iVAC, and the surveillance paradigms for VAP and iVAC capture different patterns of disease. Our results suggest that this novel surveillance concept, although based on objective measures of declining oxygenation, actually identified deteriorations of oxygenation due to noninfectious causes.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:983–988
Radiocarbon Data from the Vicinity of Four South Korean Nuclear Power Plants in 2013–2014
Authors: Lee J H , Kim C H , Kang J , Song S , Yun M H , Kim J C 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRadiocarbon (14C) is a radionuclide generated mainly through neutron-induced reactions in all types of nuclear reactors. Since most of the 14C released into the environment is in the form of gaseous emissions (CO2 and hydrocarbons), terrestrial plants are the primary indicators of increased 14C levels near nuclear power plants (NPPs). In 2013–2014, we collected samples of silver grasses (including common reed) and pine needles within 3 km of four South Korean NPP centers and measured 14C activities using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at Seoul National University. The highest 14C activities were observed, respectively, in Wolsong>Hanul>Kori>Hanbit [220, 143, 127, and 123% modern carbon (pMC)].
Sample Preparation at the Jena 14C Laboratory
Authors: Steinhof A , Altenburg M , Machts H 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe different categories of samples and their treatments at the radiocarbon (14C) laboratory in Jena, Germany, are described. The Jena 14C laboratory is dedicated to studying the global carbon cycle through the analysis of soil, plant, gas, charcoal, and wood samples. The respective preparation procedures for different samples types are presented, including wet-chemistry pretreatments for soil decalcification, charcoal purification using an acid–base–oxidation procedure (ABOx), and α-cellulose extraction from wood and leaves. In particular, investigations of the background corrections for each sample type are emphasized. Furthermore, an investigation of the contamination resulting from the storage of graphite is presented. Four storage conditions are investigated for storage times up to 30 months.
Identification of quantitative trait loci underlying lutein content in soybean seeds across multiple environments
Authors: TENG W. L. , FENG W. J. , ZHANG J. Y. , XIA N. , GUO J. , LI W. , WU D. P. , ZHAO X. , HAN Y. P. , LI W. B. 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYLutein benefits human health significantly, including that of the eyes, skin and heart. Therefore, increasing lutein content in soybean seeds is an important objective for breeding programmes. However, no information about soybean lutein-related quantitative trait loci (QTL) has been reported, as of 2016. The aim of the present study was to identify QTLs underlying the lutein content in soybean seeds. A population including 129 recombinant inbred lines was developed from the cross between ‘Dongnong46’ (lutein 13·10 µg/g) and ‘L-100’ (lutein 23·96 µg/g), which significantly differed in seed lutein contents. This population was grown in ten environments including Harbin in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015; Hulan in 2013, 2014 and 2015; and Acheng in 2013, 2014 and 2015. A total of 213 simple sequence repeat markers were used to construct the genetic linkage map, which covered approximately 3623·39 cM, with an average distance of 17·01 cM between markers. In the present study, eight QTLs associated with lutein content were found initially, which could explain 1·01–19·66% of the observed phenotypic variation in ten different tested environments. The phenotypic contribution of qLU-1 (located near BARC-Satt588 on chromosome 9 (Chr 9; linkage group (LG) K)) was >10% across seven tested environments, while qLU-2 (located near Satt192 of Chr 12 (LG H)) and qLU-3 (located near Satt353 of Chr12 (LGH)) could explain 5–10% of the observed phenotypic variation in more than seven environments, respectively. qLU-5, qLU-6, qLU-7 and qLU-8 could be detected in more than four environments. These eight QTLs were novel, and have considerable potential value for marker-assistant selection of higher lutein content in soybean lines.
ADAM SMITH ON JUSTICE, SOCIAL JUSTICE, AND ULTIMATE JUSTICE
Authors: Otteson James R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:Adam Smith argues that virtue falls into two broad categories: “justice,” which he calls a “negative” virtue because it principally comprises restraint from harming or injuring others; and “beneficence,” which he calls “positive” because it comprises the actions we ought to take to improve others’ situations. Smith’s conception of justice is thus quite “thin,” and some critics argue that it is indeed too thin, since it fails to incorporate substantive concerns for the well-being of others. In this essay, I lay out Smith’s conception of justice and offer a way to understand it that attempts to comprehend the various things he says about it. I then offer a cluster of objections drawing on criticisms that might fall under the heading of “social justice.” Finally, I suggest how Smith might respond to the criticisms by outlining a Smithian conception of what I call “ultimate justice.”
RECONSTRUCTING RACISM: TRANSFORMING RACIAL HIERARCHY FROM “NECESSARY EVIL” INTO “POSITIVE GOOD”
Authors: Grynaviski Jeffrey D. , Munger Michael C. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:Our theoretical claim is that racism was consciously (though perhaps not intentionally) devised, and later evolved, to serve two conflicting purposes. First, racism served a legal-economic purpose, legitimating ownership and savage treatment of slaves by southern whites, preserving the value of property rights in labor. Second, racism allowed slave owners to justify, to themselves and to outsiders, how a morally "good" person could own slaves. Racism portrayed African slaves as being less than human (and therefore requiring care, as a positive duty of the slave owner, as a man cares for his children, who cannot care for themselves), or else as being other than human (and therefore being spiritually no different from cattle or horses, and therefore requiring only the same considerations for maintenance and husbandry). The interest of the historical narrative presented here is the emergence of racial chattel slavery as a coherent and fiercely defended ideal, rather than the "necessary evil" that had been the perspective of the Founders. The reason that this is important is that the ideology of racism persisted far beyond the destruction of the institution of slavery, through Reconstruction, Jim Crow, and in some ways persisting even today. This work is an example of the problems of assuming that there is a "feedback" mechanism by which moral intuitions are updated and perfected; to the contrary, as suggested by Douglass North, even socially inferior ideologies can prove extremely persistent.
REPUBLICANISM AND GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS: THREE DESIDERATA IN TENSION
Authors: Ronzoni Miriam 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:Recently, republicans have been increasingly arguing that the ideal of nondomination can ground both a more plausible account of global justice and better insights for global institutional design than liberal egalitarianism does. What kind of global institutions, however, does nondomination require? The essay argues that a global institutional blueprint based on the republican ideal of nondomination is a multifaceted endeavor. Republican institutions should aim to fulfill three different desiderata: 1) avoiding excessive concentration of power; 2) bringing informal asymmetrical power under institutional control; 3) furthering an active, vigilant citizenry. The three desiderata often pull in different directions. At the global level in particular, they do not converge on a verdict over whether we should switch to a cosmopolitan institutional order, stick to a world of states, or opt for something altogether different. As a result, there is no straightforward pathway leading from the vindication of nondomination as the central principle of global justice to a clear vision for a global institutional order. The issue is, instead, a matter of careful balancing.
THE GENERATIVE APPROACH TO SLA AND ITS PLACE IN MODERN SECOND LANGUAGE STUDIES
Authors: Rothman Jason , Slabakova Roumyana 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article has two main goals. The first is to summarize and comment on the current state of affairs of generative approaches to SLA (GenSLA), 35 years into its history. This discussion brings the readership of SSLA up to date on the questions driving GenSLA agendas and clears up misconceptions about what GenSLA does and does not endeavor to explain. We engage key questions, debates, and shifts within GenSLA such as focusing on the deterministic role of input in language acquisition, as well as expanding the inquiry to new populations and empirical methodologies and technologies used. The second goal is to highlight the place of GenSLA in the broader field of SLA. We argue that various theories of SLA are needed, showing that many existing SLA paradigms are much less mutually exclusive than commonly believed (cf. Rothman & VanPatten, 2013; Slabakova, Leal, & Liskin-Gasparro, 2014, 2015; VanPatten & Rothman, 2014)—especially considering their different foci and research questions.
Ablation-resistant carbide Zr0.8Ti0.2C0.74B0.26 for oxidizing environments up to 3,000 °C
Authors: Zeng Yi , Wang Dini , Xiong Xiang , Zhang Xun , Withers Philip J. , Sun Wei , Smith Matthew , Bai Mingwen , Xiao Ping 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUltra-high temperature ceramics are desirable for applications in the hypersonic vehicle, rockets, re-entry spacecraft and defence sectors, but few materials can currently satisfy the associated high temperature ablation requirements. Here we design and fabricate a carbide (Zr0.8Ti0.2C0.74B0.26) coating by reactive melt infiltration and pack cementation onto a C/C composite. It displays superior ablation resistance at temperatures from 2,000–3,000 °C, compared to existing ultra-high temperature ceramics (for example, a rate of material loss over 12 times better than conventional zirconium carbide at 2,500 °C). The carbide is a substitutional solid solution of Zr–Ti containing carbon vacancies that are randomly occupied by boron atoms. The sealing ability of the ceramic’s oxides, slow oxygen diffusion and a dense and gradient distribution of ceramic result in much slower loss of protective oxide layers formed during ablation than other ceramic systems, leading to the superior ablation resistance.
Imaging dynamic fingerprints of competing E2 and SN2 reactions
Authors: Carrascosa Eduardo , Meyer Jennifer , Zhang Jiaxu , Stei Martin , Michaelsen Tim , Hase William L. , Yang Li , Wester Roland 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe competition between bimolecular nucleophilic substitution and base-induced elimination is of fundamental importance for the synthesis of pure samples in organic chemistry. Many factors that influence this competition have been identified over the years, but the underlying atomistic dynamics have remained difficult to observe. We present product velocity distributions for a series of reactive collisions of the type X− + RY with X and Y denoting the halogen atoms fluorine, chlorine and iodine. By increasing the size of the residue R from methyl to tert-butyl in several steps, we find that the dynamics drastically change from backward to dominant forward scattering of the leaving ion relative to the reactant RY velocity. This characteristic fingerprint is also confirmed by direct dynamics simulations for ethyl as residue and attributed to the dynamics of elimination reactions. This work opens the door to a detailed atomistic understanding of transformation reactions in even larger systems.
Missing magnetism in Sr4Ru3O10: Indication for Antisymmetric Exchange Interaction
Authors: Weickert Franziska , Civale Leonardo , Maiorov Boris , Jaime Marcelo , Salamon Myron B. , Carleschi Emanuela , Strydom André M. , Fittipaldi Rosalba , Granata Veronica , Vecchione Antonio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMetamagnetism occuring inside a ferromagnetic phase is peculiar. Therefore, Sr4Ru3O10, a T
C
= 105 K ferromagnet, has attracted much attention in recent years, because it develops a pronounced metamagnetic anomaly below T
C
for magnetic fields applied in the crystallographic ab-plane. The metamagnetic transition moves to higher fields for lower temperatures and splits into a double anomaly at critical fields Hc1 = 2.3 T and Hc2 = 2.8 T, respectively. Here, we report a detailed study of the different components of the magnetization vector as a function of temperature, applied magnetic field, and varying angle in Sr4Ru3O10. We discover for the first time a reduction of the magnetic moment in the plane of rotation at the metamagnetic transition. The anomaly shifts to higher fields by rotating the field from H ⊥ c to H || c. We compare our experimental findings with numerical simulations based on spin reorientation models taking into account magnetocrystalline anisotropy, Zeeman effect and antisymmetric exchange interactions. While Magnetocrystalline anisotropy combined with a Zeeman term are sufficient to explain a metamagnetic transition in Sr4Ru3O10, a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya term is crucial to account for the reduction of the magnetic moment as observed in the experiments.
DNA methylation changes in endometrium and correlation with gene expression during the transition from pre-receptive to receptive phase
Authors: Kukushkina Viktorija , Modhukur Vijayachitra , Suhorutšenko Marina , Peters Maire , Mägi Reedik , Rahmioglu Nilufer , Velthut-Meikas Agne , Altmäe Signe , Esteban Francisco J. , Vilo Jaak , Zondervan Krina , Salumets Andres , Laisk-Podar Triin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe inner uterine lining (endometrium) is a unique tissue going through remarkable changes each menstrual cycle. Endometrium has its characteristic DNA methylation profile, although not much is known about the endometrial methylome changes throughout the menstrual cycle. The impact of methylome changes on gene expression and thereby on the function of the tissue, including establishing receptivity to implanting embryo, is also unclear. Therefore, this study used genome-wide technologies to characterize the methylome and the correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression in endometrial biopsies collected from 17 healthy fertile-aged women from pre-receptive and receptive phase within one menstrual cycle. Our study showed that the overall methylome remains relatively stable during this stage of the menstrual cycle, with small-scale changes affecting 5% of the studied CpG sites (22,272 out of studied 437,022 CpGs, FDR < 0.05). Of differentially methylated CpG sites with the largest absolute changes in methylation level, approximately 30% correlated with gene expression measured by RNA sequencing, with negative correlations being more common in 5′ UTR and positive correlations in the gene ‘Body’ region. According to our results, extracellular matrix organization and immune response are the pathways most affected by methylation changes during the transition from pre-receptive to receptive phase.