bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Has the Sudden Unexpected Infant Death and Sudden Death in the Young Case Registry Learned About Consenting Families for DNA Banking and/or Genomic Research?
Authors: MacLeod Heather , Buczkowski Erik , Faulkner Meghan , Felzke Krisha , Burns Kristin M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Since 2015, the Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) and Sudden Death in the Young (SDY) Case Registry has characterized sudden and unexpected deaths among young people (0–20 years). Families may provide informed consent to save biospecimens for banking and/or genomic research. We reviewed all consent-eligible cases to describe the frequency, time from death to consent, type (paper, phone, or electronic), and staffing method (Medical Examiner Office–based bereavement counselor vs outsourced genetic counselor). Of 5438 cases from January 2015 to January 2022, 3498 (64%) were eligible for consent and 391 (11%) were successfully consented. Half (54%) were obtained within 60 days of the death, 39% within 48 hours. Most were paper based (73%); 23% were obtained by phone, and 4% electronically. Consent rates varied by site from 3% to 66%. Higher consent rates were achieved within a Medical Examiner Office by a social worker or death investigator. Only 3% of consents attempted by a contracted genetic counselor were successful. Identified barriers include lack of available contact information, inability to reach family using the collected information, and lack of response when contacted. Consent rates were highest shortly after death when families were contacted by the Medical Examiner Office as part of bereavement outreach.
Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Diversity in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Krivanek Taylor J. , Quick Joseph D. , Brahmbhatt Haley , Powell Lauren , Ozed-Williams Bethel , Nguyen Minh-Doan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Women and racial and ethnic minorities have historically been underrepresented in medicine, making up a minority of all physicians and a smaller subset of plastic surgeons. Furthermore, these groups represent an even smaller fraction of plastic surgeons in research and leadership roles. Parallel to the general recognition of the importance of increasing diversity in the medical field, there has been a surge in the literature detailing current issues and highlighting potential areas for intervention within plastic surgery. Various initiatives have been piloted to address the underrepresentation of certain demographic groups in the field. These have largely targeted the medical student level, with a focus on increasing mentorship, targeted recruitment, exposure to the field, and scholarly opportunities. With the growing body of research conducted in this realm, this review seeks to synthesize our understanding of the modern landscape of gender, racial, and ethnic diversity within plastic surgery, with an emphasis on identifying successful initiatives that have positively impacted representation and inclusivity.
Postoperative Otoplasty Care With ChatGPT-4: A Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Assisted Patient Concern and Education
Authors: Albehairi Sahar A. , Alsahli Ohoud M. , Bander Leen F. , Albilasi Thamer M. , Aljardan Eyad S. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Otoplasty is a cosmetic surgery that is performed to alter the size, shape, or position of the ear by using permanent stitches. Its main purpose is to correct protruding ears, a condition known as prominauris. After the surgery, it is crucial to provide proper care to ensure successful recovery. However, obtaining timely medical advice can be difficult, especially in remote areas or places with limited resources. To address this issue, incorporating advanced artificial intelligence (AI) tools like Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT)-4 into postsurgical care could help fill the gap in patient education and support.

Aim:
This study aims to assess whether ChatGPT4 can be a reliable, accurate, and effective method for answering the most common patient questions and concerns post-otoplasty. The main objective was to assess the AI chatbot’s capacity to deliver precise, concise, and pertinent information, especially in situations where health care professionals are limited in availability.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, over 50 patients were engaged, and ChatGPT4 was employed to present the same 5 common postoperative questions post-otoplasty surgery care. The AI chatbot’s responses were analyzed for accuracy, response time, clarity, and relevance.

Results:
The chatbot could potentially provide timely assistance, answer questions, and address concerns related to postsurgical care in otoplasty. The responses exhibited a perfect accuracy rate of 100%, closely corresponding to existing medical guidelines.

Conclusion:
This study explores the potential of AI-driven solutions to enhance patient education and support, especially in areas where access to health care professionals may be limited. However, professional medical advice is crucial in postoperative care and cannot be replaced by ChatGPT-4. By leveraging AI tools like chatbots, individuals in remote or resource-limited settings can potentially receive valuable information and guidance, contributing to successful rehabilitation and overall health care outcomes. Ethical considerations around the use of AI in health care must also be carefully addressed to ensure patient privacy, data security, and appropriate clinical oversight.
The Stress Effects of Mandibular Movements on the Temporomandibular Joint With Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy
Authors: Turgut Altay Hilal , Ertem Sinan Yasin 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) with finite element analysis (FEA).

Material and Methods:
5 and 10 mm mandibular setback and advancement were applied to models by using SSRO and a control model without osteotomy evaluated. The articular disc was modeled as superelastic, and the stresses on the articular fossa, disc, and condyle were evaluated.

Results:
The stresses on the cartilage were 1.150 MPa on the 5 mm advancement model and 1.506 MPa on the 10 mm advancement model. The stresses on the disc were 11.56 MPa on the 5 mm advancement model, 7.94 MPa on the 10 mm advancement model and the amount were significantly higher than other models. The stress, especially in the cartilage, increased with the amount of advancement. In the setback models, the stresses on the condylar cartilage and the disc were higher than in the control model, and the stress in the condylar cartilage increased with the amount of setback.

Conclusion:
SSRO increases the stresses in the TMJ components and stresses increase depending on the amount of advancement and setback and may cause the development of joint problems.
Crista Galli Morphology in Fetuses
Authors: Çalişir Ebru Sena , Öztürk Cansu , Şencan Zeynep , İnce Rümeysa , Cihan Ömer Faruk , Alpergin Baran Can , Beger Orhan 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
To determine alterations in the crista galli (CG) size in fetuses with advancing weeks.

Methods:
Skull bases of 32 fetuses (11 males/21 females) aged 17 to 32 weeks in utero were included in the study. The width (width of CG), height (height of CG), and length (length of CG) of CG were measured, and also olfactory fossa depth (OFD) was measured to determine the relation of CG with OFD.

Results:
Width of CG, height of CG, length of CG, and OFD were measured as 1.77 ± 0.59 mm, 5.10 ± 1.70 mm, 12.32 ± 2.25 mm, and 1.56 ± 0.56 mm, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the measurements in terms of sex and side (P> 0.05). Apart from OFD, the parameters were greater in the third-trimester fetuses than in the second-trimester fetuses (P< 0.001). Olfactory fossa depth was similar in both trimester fetuses (P= 0.798). Olfactory fossa depth did not alter with advancing gestational weeks (P= 0.077), but the others increased (P< 0.01). Only one configuration regarding Keros types was observed. Type 1 was detected in all fetuses (100%). A linear function was calculated as y=1.442+0.455×age for the length of CG, y=−2.566+0.321×age for the height of CG, y=0.641+0.039×age for OFD, and y=−1.088+0.119×age for the width of CG.

Conclusions:
Crista galli size increased with advancing fetal weeks. The authors detected Keros type 1 in all fetuses. The authors' linear functions representing the growth pattern of CG and OFD in fetuses may be useful in estimating their dimensions.
A Low Prognostic Nutritional Index Level, an Independent Predictor for Postoperative Intra-abdominal Abscess After Laparoscopic Appendectomy
Authors: Yuan Yijian , Tang Yanhua , Liu Yubin , Ren Pengcheng 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) is a very common postoperative complication after laparoscopic appendectomy and is associated with poor prognosis.

Materials and Methods:
This study retrospectively analyzed elderly patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy from 2015 to 2024, examining demographic, clinical, and laboratory data to identify IAA risk factors. Independent risk factors for IAA were screened and finally identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:
A total of 37 patients developed IAA within postoperative 30 days, with an incidence of 9.6% (37/385). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated white blood cell (cut-off value: 13.35, sensitivity: 54.60%, specificity: 70.27%, P=0.003) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) (cut-off value: 41.95, sensitivity: 72.41%, specificity: 59.46%, P<0.0001) were 2 predictors for IAA with an area under the curve of 0.649 and 0.727, respectively. Based on the multivariate analysis, perforated appendicitis (odds ratio: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.15-5.32, P=0.021) and a lower PNI score (odds ratio: 3.44, 95% CI: 1.49-7.58, P=0.002) were 2 independent risk factors for IAA in elderly patients after laparoscopic appendectomy.

Conclusions:
Elderly patients with perforated appendicitis and a PNI score <41.95 have higher risks for IAA after laparoscopic appendectomy.
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Authors: Newton Jamie M. , Edwards William JS , Thompson Gary S. , Gentekaki Eleni , Tsaousis Anastasios D. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Blastocystis, the most prevalent microbial eukaryote in humans, has a global distribution. Studies have linked its presence with distinct gut microbiome and metabolome profiles compared to those where the organism is absent. However, the interplay of antibiotics administration, Blastocystis and the surrounding gut microbiome remains understudied. This case study aimed to explore antibiotic consumption and the presence of Blastocystis with subsequent changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome of an individual diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: Stool samples from an IBS patient, collected at 12 time points, were tested for Blastocystis presence using RT-PCR targeting the SSUrRNA gene, followed by sequencing of positive samples. Illumina sequencing determined the gut microbiome composition, while one-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy was used to analyse the metabolome composition. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify relationships between antibiotic consumption, bacterial diversity, metabolome composition, and Blastocystis presence. Results: Antibiotics significantly impacted the gut microbiome, with diversity declining early in the antibiotic course, then recovering later and post-course. Blastocystis was detected early, late, and post-course but not mid-course, coinciding with the decline in bacterial diversity. Significant differences were observed between Blastocystis-positive and Blastocystis-negative samples with bacterial composition significantly changing between samples collected before, early, and after the antibiotic course compared to those collected mid-course. Metabolite groups, including short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, and succinate, exhibited changes throughout the antibiotic course, indicating that gut metabolite composition is affected by antibiotic consumption. Discussion/Conclusion: While antibiotics did not significantly impact Blastocystis colonisation, they did cause a mid-course decline in microbial diversity and Blastocystis presence. The study also revealed significant alterations in important metabolites such as SCFAs and amino acids throughout the antibiotic course, with an altered metabolome observed post-course. This case study underscores the complex interactions between antibiotics, gut microbiota, and metabolites, highlighting the resilience of Blastocystis in the gut ecosystem.
Multiple stressors in river networks: local and downstream effects on freshwater macroinvertebrates
Authors: Burgazzi Gemma , Juvigny-Khenafou Noël P.D. , Schreiner Verena C. , Manfrin Alessandro , Jupke Jonathan , Piggott Jeremy , Harvey Eric , Terui Akira , Leese Florian , Schäfer Ralf B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRiver networks are complex ecosystems characterized by a continuous exchange of material and energy through longitudinal gradients. These ecosystems are threatened by various human-induced stressors, which frequently co-occur and may interact in complex ways, potentially triggering cascading effects in the river network. Aiming at assessing single and combined effects of flow intermittency and light pollution on macroinvertebrate communities, we performed a multiple stressors experiment in 18 flow-through mesocosms. Each mesocosm was designed to mimic a simplified river network, with two upstream tributaries merging downstream, to assess both local and cascading effects. The experiment was performed in Summer 2021 for seven weeks (26 days of colonization, 23 days of treatment), applying the stressors either separately or combined in the upstream sections, in a randomized block design. Flow intermittency was simulated as the ponded phase of the drying process, whereas light pollution was applied with LED strips (set at 10 lux) that automatically turned on at sunset and off at sunrise. Drifting macroinvertebrates were sampled weekly during the treatment phase, and benthic macroinvertebrates at the end of the treatment phase. Both stressors individually applied had negative effects on the benthos, whereas drift decreased with flow intermittency and increased with light pollution. When combined upstream, stressors showed dominant effects of flow intermittency on the benthos and interactive effects on the drift. The effects of the single stressors and their interactions propagated along the river network, with stronger downstream effects when stressors co-occurred upstream. These findings showed that the spatial distribution of multiple stressors along the river network can affect their resultant downstream effects, highlighting the importance of framing multiple stressors research in a spatial context. Considering the pressing needs of the growing human population, our results represent a step forward in anticipating cumulative stressors effects, informing efficient conservation strategies for protecting freshwater ecosystems.
Understanding the Challenges of Medicine Optimisation Among Older People from Ethnic Minority Communities (Aged 60 Years and Above) With Polypharmacy in Primary Care: A Realist Review Protocol
Authors: Hamed Nesrein , Bates Clare , Khan Muhammed Umair , Maidment Ian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe number of older adults from ethnic minority communities (EMCs) in England and Wales particularly those aged 60 and above is increasing. This demographic change, which is usually coupled with the prevalence of polypharmacy among these populations presents unique challenges in the context of medicine optimisation. Failure in this context can lead to exacerbated health disparities, non-adherence, and inappropriate prescribing (whether over or under).This review builds on the MEMORABLE study which was also a realist study that explored medication management in older people. This study aims to understand the complexities of medicine optimisation and what works and does not work, when and under what circumstances for older adults from EMCs. Key possible areas include cultural backgrounds, traditional beliefs, and systemic barriers that may influence health-seeking behaviours and medicine optimisation.MethodsThe review follows the five-step approach. Firstly, we will establish initial program theories to highlight the expected context, mechanisms, and outcomes. Following this, a formal search for evidence will be conducted. The third step involves the selection and appraisal of studies, studies will be screened by title, abstract/keywords and full text against inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the fourth stage, data from these studies will be extracted, recorded, and coded. The final step will synthesise this information, to test, refine, and expand our initial programme theories to understand how medicine optimisation works or does not work in these populations.DiscussionThis review will be conducted in line with the RAMESES reporting standards. This will include publishing the review in a scientific journal and submitting abstracts for presentation at both national and international primary care and pharmacy practice conferences. Once we improve the understanding of how medicine optimisation works for these populations with polypharmacy in primary care effective interventions can be developed.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO registration number CRD42023432204
Changing pattern in presentation of infective conjunctivitis during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary eye hospital in Nepal
Authors: Thinley  , Gurung Reeta , Gurung Hom Bahadur , Poudel Manish , Banjara Pradeep 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate changes in the pattern of presentation of infective conjunctivitis during COVID-19 pandemic at a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Nepal.MethodsThis was a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study that analyzed cases of infective conjunctivitis at Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Nepal from January 2018 to December 2022 using data from electronic medical records. The data from 2020 and 2021 were considered as the COVID era. Cases of corneal foreign body during the same period were used as a control.ResultsThe number of cases of infective conjunctivitis decreased by 64.86% (95% CI, -64.82% to -64.94%; p<0.001) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sharp decrease was noted after the implementation of lockdowns and preventive measures. However, in post-pandemic era, the number of cases increased by 24.6 % (95% CI, +24.57% to +24.66%; P<0.001). In contrast, the cases of corneal foreign body increased by 41.63 % (95% CI, +41.59% to +41.66%; p <0.001).ConclusionThe number of cases of infective conjunctivitis at our hospital decreased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This reduction in number and change in pattern of presentation might be attributed to the widespread implementation of preventive public health measures during the pandemic period.
Predicting Inhibitors of OATP1B1 via Heterogeneous OATP-Ligand Interaction Graph Neural Network (HOLIgraph)
Authors: Mardikoraem Mehrsa , Eaves Joelle N. , Belecciu Theodore , Pascual Nathaniel , Aljets Alexander , Hagenbuch Bruno , Shapiro Erik M. , Orlando Benjamin J. , Woldring Daniel R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are membrane transporters crucial for drug uptake and distribution in the human body. OATPs can mediate drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in which the interaction of one drug with an OATP impairs the uptake of another drug, resulting in potentially fatal pharmacological effects. Predicting OATP-mediated DDIs is challenging, due to limited information on OATP inhibition mechanisms and inconsistent experimental OATP inhibition data across different studies. This study introduces Heterogeneous OATP-Ligand Interaction Graph Neural Network (HOLIgraph), a novel computational model that integrates molecular modeling with a graph neural network to enhance the prediction of drug-induced OATP inhibition. By combining ligand (i.e., drug) molecular features with protein-ligand interaction data from rigorous docking simulations, HOLIgraph outperforms traditional DDI prediction models which rely solely on ligand molecular features. HOLIgraph achieved a median balanced accuracy of over 90 percent when predicting inhibitors for OATP1B1, significantly outperforming purely ligand-based models. Beyond improving inhibition prediction, the data used to train HOLIgraph can enable the characterization of protein residues involved in inhibitory drug-OATP interactions. We identified certain OATP1B1 residues that preferentially interact with inhibitors, including I46 and K49. We anticipate such interaction information will be valuable to future structural and mechanistic investigations of OATP1B1.Scientific ContributionHOLIgraph introduces a new paradigm for DDI prediction by incorporating protein-ligand interactions derived from docking simulations into a graph neural net framework. This approach, enabled by recent structural breakthroughs for OATP1B1, represents a significant departure from traditional models that rely only on ligand features. By achieving high predictive accuracy and uncovering mechanistic insights, HOLIgraph sets a new trajectory for computational tools in drug design and DDI prediction.
Representation of male features in the female mouse Accessory Olfactory Bulb, and their stability during the estrus cycle
Authors: Cohen Oksana , Ben-Shaul Yoram 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMost behaviors result from integration of external and internal inputs. For example, social behavior requires information about conspecifics and internal physiological states. Like many other mammals, female mice undergo a reproductive cycle during which their physiology and behavioral responses to males change dramatically: during estrus, they are more receptive to male mating attempts. A critical element in reproductive behavior is the investigative stage, which in mice, and many other species, strongly relies on chemosensation. While the initial approach mostly involves the main olfactory system (MOS), once physical contact is established, the vomeronasal system (VNS) is engaged to provide information about potential partners’ characteristics. Given the estrus-stage dependent behavioral response, we asked whether representations of male features in the first brain relay of the VNS, namely, the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), change during the cycle. To this end, we used a stimulus set comprising urine samples from males from different strains and virility levels, and from estrus and non-estrus females. The stimulus set was designed to reveal if response patterns of AOB neurons conform to ethologically relevant dimensions such as sex, strain, and particularly, male virility state. Using extracellular recordings in anesthetized female mice, we find that most ethological categories contained in our data set are not over-represented by AOB neurons, suggesting that early stages of VNS processing encode conspecific information efficiently. Then, comparing neuronal activity in estrus and non-estrus females, we found that overall, response characteristics at the single neuron and population levels remain stable during the reproductive cycle. The few changes that do occur, are not consistent with a systematic modulation of responses to male features. Our findings imply that the AOB presents a stable account of conspecific features to more advanced processing stages.