bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limestone Addition Effect on Phase Composition of Red Mud Reduction Roasting Products
Authors: M.A. Mikheenkov , O.Yu. Sheshukov , D.A. Lobanov , I.V. Nerkasov , D.K. Egiazaryan , L.A. Ovchinnikova 
Published: September 2017

<p>There are millions of tons of solid waste residues accumulated in present-day alumina industry. Those solid waste residues contain red mud and belit mud. The creation of sludge depository, its keeping and taking environmental protection measures cost up to $8-12 million a year. However, red mud is a valuable raw material. The extraction of some useful elements from red mud makes it possible to obtain such valuable products as pig iron, iron-bearing concentrate, rare-earth elements, alumina concrete, constructional materials, etc. </p>
Autoclave Precipitation Of Iron From Zinc Sulfate Solutions
Authors: Karimov K.A. , Kritskii A.V. , Naboichenko S.S. , Kolmachikhina O.B. , Rogozhnikov D.A. 
Published: September 2017

<p>Zinc concentrates processing technology that includes high-temperature roasting – leaching of cinder – purification of leached liquor – electrowinning is the most widely used technology. Purified solution, which is fed to the electrowinning stage, has a high sensitivity to such an impurity as iron. The presence of iron in the zinc electrolyte has a negative influence both on the current efficiency and the quality of the cathode zinc. </p><p>The application of autoclave equipment for iron removal from zinc sulfate solutions, obtained after the leaching stage of zinc cinder, is described in this article. All experiments were carried out with a model solution of following composition, g/L: 10-33 H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 1.5 Cu, 5 Mn, 110 Zn, 2.5 Fe. Neutralization and purification of the solution was implemented during low-temperature pressure leaching of the zinc cinder. </p><p>The optimum conditions for iron precipitation from zinc solution are following: molar flow rate Zn(cinder) / H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> = 1.3, t = 80 °C, τ = 1 hour, P<sub>O2</sub> = 0.2 MPa. It was found, that the concentration of iron can be reduced up to 1-2 mg/L, whereas 83.5% of Zn and 52.1% of Cu being recovered into the solution from zinc cinder.</p>
Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Penguapan Terhadap Kinerja Membran Selulosa Asetat pada Proses Ultrafiltrasi
Authors: Amiyati Dewi Rara , Indarti Dwi , Muflihah Yeni Maulidah 
Published: September 2017

Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh variasi waktu penguapan terhadap kinerja membran selulosa asetat. Pada proses ultrafiltrasi, selulosa asetat dibuat dengan menambahkan polietilen glikol (PEG) sebagai agen pembentuk pori membran dan meningkatkan nilai fluks membran. Pembuatan membran selulosa asetat dilakukan dengan metode inversi fasa. Variasi waktu penguapan yang digunakan selama 0, 1, 3, dan 5 menit. Membran selulosa asetat yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi meliputi uji porositas, fluks dan rejeksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu penguapan selama 5 menit menghasilkan membran yang lebih rapat. Hasil pengukuran porositas, fluks dan rejeksi terhadap dekstran 500 kDa berturut-turut sebagai berikut: 53,35%; 4,078 (L/jam.m2) dan 92,917%.
Kata Kunci: Porositas, Selulosa Asetat,Waktu Penguapan.
Penerapan Algoritma Winnowing Pada Sistem Rekomendasi Penentuan Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi (Studi Kasus Program Studi Sistem Informasi)
Authors: Jarwati J. , Prihandoko Antonius Cahya , Yulia R Windy Eka 
Published: September 2017

Sistem rekomendasi penentuan dosen pembimbing tugas akhir menggunakan algoritma winnowing merupakan sistem yang bertujuan untuk membantu komisi bimbingan menentukan dosen pembimbing. Rekomendasi yang dihasilkan berupa nama dosen yang memenuhi syarat untuk menjadi dosen pembimbing sesuai dengan aturan yang ada pada Program Studi Sistem Informasi. Sistem ini berisikan daftar dosen program studi sistem informasi dan kata kunci penelitian yang pernah dilakukan dosen. Algoritma winnowing digunakan untuk mencari dan menghitung jumlah kata yang sama dalam setiap kata kunci yang dibandingkan. Setiap rekomendasi yang dihasilkan berdasar pada jumlah kesamaan antara kata kunci yang dibandingkan dalam bentuk persentase yang diurutkan dari persentase tertinggi sampai dengan terendah. Sistem rekomendasi ini dibangun berbasis website agar dapat digunakan dengan mudah oleh komisi bimbingan, akademik dan dosen. Algoritma winnowing dipilih karena memiliki keunggulan yakni dapat menangani permasalahan pencocokan string yang bervariasi serta waktu komputasi yang cepat. Pembuatan sistem ini dibangun mengadopsi dari model Waterfall. Sistem rekomendasi penentuan dosen pembimbing ini dirancang dan dibangun dengan 3 (tiga) hak akses, yaitu akademik dan komisi bimbingan dan dosen dengan berbagai fitur yang dapat memudahkan penggunanya. Hasil dari penelitian ini, sistem mampu mengimplementasikan algoritma winnowing untuk membantu komisi bimbingan menentukan dosenpembimbing skripsi sesuai dengan aturan dan kompetensi yang dimiliki dosen.
Kata Kunci: Algoritma Winnowing, Sistem Rekomendasi, Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi
Penerapan Metode Certainty Factor Untuk Sistem Pakar Diagnosis Hama Dan Penyakit Pada Tanaman Tembakau
Authors: Arifin Mohammad , Slamin S. , Retnani Windi Eka Yulia 
Published: September 2017

Proses budidaya tanaman tembakau dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah faktor hama dan penyakit. Umumnya, masalah petani membedakan antara hama dan penyakit, hal ini karena sebagian besar petani kekurangan informasi dan masih mengandalkan pengalaman petani lain untuk mengatasi masalah hama dan penyakit yang ada. Sering terjadi kesalahan dalam membedakan antara hama dan penyakit, seperti hama diberantas dengan obat untuk penyakit (fungisida), sebaliknya, penyakit diberantas dengan obat hama (insektisida). Sebagai hasil dari hama dan penyakit yang tidak terkontrol dan terus menyerang tanaman, sehingga merugikan banyak biaya dan usaha. Pada penanganan hama dan penyakit, dibutuhkan konsultan pertanian yang mampu mendiagnosa hama dan penyakit pada tanaman tembakau. Dalam penelitian ini, sistem pakar diagnosis hama dan penyakit pada tanaman tembakau dibangun untuk membantu mendiagnosa jenis hama atau penyakit yang menyerang tanaman tembakau, serta memberikan berbagai solusi untuk hama atau penyakit. Metode yang digunakan pada sistem pakar ini adalah metode Certainty Factor. Metode Certainty Factor dipilih karena metode ini cocok dalam proses penentuan identifikasi hama dan penyakit, dan hasil dari penerapan metode ini adalah persentase. Persentase sistem disini merupakan tingkat akurasi penentuan penyakit atau hama yang menjangkiti tanaman tembakau. Penentuan persentase dipengaruhi oleh nilai MB yang didapat dari sistem dan nilai MD yang didapat dari penilaian seorang pakar. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, penentuan hama atau penyakit yang menyerang tanaman tembakau dipengaruhi oleh pemilihan gejala. Persentase pada konsultasi sistem pakar diambil dari hasil tertinggi pertama dan kedua, sebagai alternatif hama lain atau penyakit yang menyerang tanaman tembakau.
Kata Kunci: Hama dan Penyakit, Sistem Pakar, Certainty Factor, Tembakau
Caminhar na Trilha Norte-Sul: infraestrutura verde entre o Parque da Água Branca e o Horto Florestal em São Paulo [SP]
Authors: Maruyama Cíntia Miua , Franco Maria Assunção Ribeiro 
Published: September 2017

A infraestrutura verde propõe uma visão alternativa para as cidades com urbanização cinza tradicional. Dentre os diversos benefícios propiciados por esta abordagem estão a amenização dos efeitos das ilhas de calor urbanas, o manejo sustentável das águas da chuva e a melhoria dos transportes não motorizados. Por outro lado, calçadas dotadas de arborização e com dimensões adequadas fornecem condições de conforto urbano ao pedestre. O presente artigo faz parte do Projeto FAPESP Nº 2015/10597-0 Infraestrutura Verde para a Resiliência Urbana às Mudanças Climáticas da Cidade de São Paulo, sob responsabilidade de Maria de Assunção Ribeiro Franco. Neste artigo, investiga-se a suposição de que bons passeios públicos possam estimular a prática da caminhada, pois exercícios físicos regulares são importantes para a saúde da população e, dentre as diversas modalidades possíveis, a caminhar é uma forma econômica de se exercitar e ao alcance da maioria das pessoas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: analisar as condições das calçadas e os hábitos relativos ao hábito da caminhada, assim como os locais onde isto é efetivado; os costumes referentes ao uso das praças e parques; avaliar os efeitos das ilhas de calor no trecho em estudo. A metodologia envolveu a análise da adequação física e da arborização urbana das calçadas, num trecho entre o Parque da Água Branca e a região do Horto Florestal em São Paulo/SP. Por meio da aplicação de questionários foi verificada a percepção dos usuários em relação aos assuntos mencionados. De forma geral, os resultados da pesquisa com usuários indicaram que 35% dos entrevistados não se sente bem no ato de caminhar e a principal alegação apresentada foi a inadequação das calçadas. Por outro lado, 80% dos usuários sinalizaram haver mais disposição para caminhar se houver mais arborização nas vias. Os resultados da pesquisa confirmaram a hipótese em determinados trechos e há a necessidade de realizar melhorias a fim de adequar as calçadas e a arborização para incentivo das caminhadas. Também foi detectada a necessidade de aumentar a segurança das praças da área de estudo, bem como criar mais opções de lazer e esporte para a população. Por fim, foram observadas ilhas de calor na área de estudo, as quais coincidiram com os locais onde a arborização foi avaliada como crítica. Possibilidades de mitigação dos efeitos destas ilhas de calor dentro de uma infraestrutura verde incluem plantio maciço de árvores e outros estratos de vegetação, adoção de tetos verdes e pavimentos brandos nas vias.
Complicated Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Patient with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome
Authors: Joseph Elias G. , Ernest Emily P. , Dietz Matthew J. 
Published: September 2017

Case:
A 66-year-old Caucasian man with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS) presented with chronic changes related to the KTWS, along with worsening pain and motion associated with residual damage from an episode of spontaneous septic arthritis that occurred 1 year prior. He underwent total joint arthroplasty with a rotating hinged knee implant.

Conclusion:
Arthroplasty is a treatment option for patients with KTWS; however, there are risks that must be considered. This case report outlines the management of a patient with KTWS and a history of septic arthritis.
Guest Editorial: We Need To Celebrate Our Successes if We Want the Next Generation To Be Part of Our Future
Authors: Geddes Alistair 
Published: September 2017

Guest editorial
The prolonged downturn in commodity prices that started in the summer of 2014 has seen more than 350,000 people globally lose their jobs in the oil and gas industry to date. However, as BP’s mantra “lower for longer” evolves into Shell’s phrase “lower forever” and we adapt to the reality of working with an oil price around $50/bbl, signs of recovery are beginning to occur.
The US shale sector, with its relatively low operational expenditure costs and rapid rig up time, has led that revival, and it is anticipated that deepwater projects, which have also experienced cost reductions over the past 3 years, will follow in time.
However, in line with every other time this cyclical sector has come out of a downturn, the anticipated increase in activity is matched by concerns over how and where the industry will find the recruits required to fuel a resurgence, either through attracting former employees back or encouraging new, young people to join.
Attempts to attract new employees can be hampered by negative perceptions of oil and gas in some parts of the world. This challenge was reinforced recently by a poll from Ernst & Young (EY) among 1,200 consumers and 100 industry executives in the US. Held in the first quarter of this year, the US Oil and Gas Perception poll found that only 26% of Generation Z (aged 16–19) and 45% of millennials (aged 20–35) without a set career path found jobs in the industry appealing. A surprising 39% of teenagers actually ranked it as “very unappealing.” Two out of three believed the industry causes problems rather than solves them and just 36% thought it had a positive effect on local and global communities. Furthermore, the majority from the younger generation perceived oil and gas jobs to be blue collar, dangerous, and physically demanding, and just 39% thought it provided long-term financial stability.
Such assumptions do not extend to every corner of the world (there is generally considerable interest and enthusiasm in Africa and Asia, for example), but one could argue that a perception challenge toward the benefits of working in oil and gas does exist within societies in Western Europe and North America.
As an industry, our efforts to promote the positive and exciting aspects of our job have often fallen short of convincing the wider public of the crucial role oil and gas plays in sustaining the global economy and modern life. As a result, compared with other industries, we do have to work harder to recruit for some roles. Maybe we take for granted the technical achievements that many companies make to overcome ever-more-complex challenges and that often astound the outside world when it hears of them?
Finding Your Next Sweet Spot Using Dirty DNA
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: September 2017

Biodentify is a Netherlands-based startup that wants to help oil and gas explorers zero in on sweet spots using microbial DNA. Unlike another new DNA analytical method, which uses drill cuttings as samples to learn about unconventional productivity drivers, the approach this firm is focused on uses soil samples taken just a foot below the surface to search for good drilling locations.
The company’s technology is borrowed from a still emerging medical science breakthrough that uses saliva to test for tumors as opposed to a much more invasive biopsy. In looking for alternative uses, it was thought the same process could be used to predict oil and gas deposits based on microbial reactions to micro-seepages of gas molecules.
Through oxidation, certain microbes will thrive on gas seepages, while others will find the rising gases to be toxic and die. Either outcome provides a usable signal that a machine learning model can turn into an easy-to-interpret prediction map.
“Many say it’s too good to be true—what’s the link between the surface and what’s down there,” said Chris Te Stroet, the director of technology and operations at Biodentify. “The causal link is that you have a hydrocarbon accumulation—the sweet spots—and a highly mobile area, probably because of a good natural fracture network.”
Te Stroet, who has led commercialization efforts of new oil and gas technologies since the mid-1990s, said a single sample may contain as many as 300,000 microbial species—most of which are newly discovered. But Biodentify has found that only 50 to 200 of them serve as key indicators of a positive or negative signal.
With hundreds of samples in hand a map is then produced to help explorers derisk potential drilling locations. The company says its analytical method is 70–90% accurate; the high end of that range is achievable if information can be gleaned from existing wells in the target area.
Validation Study Hits Close to the Mark
Despite a limited track record, the company is confident in its accuracy thanks in part to a blind study it performed with an unconventional operator in the Haynesville Shale of western Louisiana. The work was done in a producing field and was 72% accurate in predicting sweet spots.
When actual production data were included in a final modeling exercise, that figure jumped to 86% and 31 “virtual” drilling locations were identified within a sweet spot where the operator had drilled 27 high-producing wells.
Adding the Human Touch to Oilfield Apps
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: September 2017

As time goes by, an increasing number of new processes that oil and gas companies want to push to their workforce will come in the form of an app. This is true for field technicians as well as production engineers.
But just as with anytime change is introduced, the improvements these apps are intended to deliver may not be lasting—or realized at all—without strong internal acceptance.
ChaiOne is a Houston-based app developer that has built its business around this conundrum. In its 9 years, the company has worked for several of the upstream industry’s most recognizable names including ExxonMobil and Schlumberger.
Chief Executive Officer Gaurav Khandelwal said the company’s success lies in its bottoms-up strategy, which begins with the end user and “understanding their problems, stresses, frustrations, and emotions.”
This work relies on teams of behavioral psychologists, anthropologists, and software interaction engineers who are tasked with figuring out new ways for workers to save time and money for their companies. Like others who promise efficiency improvements to the oil and gas business, a lot of ChaiOne’s efforts are centered around reducing how much time is spent on regular working hours and overtime.
“When we take the user-experience-driven approach, and send people into the field to study a process, often we find tremendous amounts of waste in the way things are being done,” explained Khandelwal, adding that, “In 4 to 6 weeks, we can find millions of dollars in savings in these companies.”
Smarter Field Repair
Many of the software products that ChaiOne has created cannot be discussed thanks to the industry’s penchant for nondisclosure agreements. But among those that it can speak freely about is CygNet, which was developed for inter-national service company Weatherford.
This iPhone app connects with oilfield SCADA systems to show engineers production trends or to relay important alarms. Khandelwal said operators who use the app—12 of which supplied input to steer its development—are now using fewer field technicians to deal with routine oilfield problems.
When a worker is on his way back from a repair job, it is not unusual for another problem to arise at a wellsite just 10 minutes away. In the past, Khandelwal said that the technician would likely be unaware of a nearby failure, and because dispatch did not know they were close by, an additional crew would be sent out. With the CygNet app, the reverse is now true for its users. When a repair team is out on location and a nearby well sets off an alarm, CygNet sends a geo-targeted notification. And just as important, the app can also help them decide if the issue needs to be attended to at all.
Multiwell, Multiphase Flowing Material Balance
Authors: Shahamat M. S. , Clarkson C. R. 
Published: September 2017

Summary
Flowing-material-balance (FMB) analysis is a practical method for determining original hydrocarbon volumes in place. It is attractive because it enables performing material-balance calculations without shutting in wells to obtain estimates of reservoir pressure. However, with some exceptions, its application is limited to single-phase oil and/or gas reservoirs over limited pressure ranges during depletion. In unconventional reservoirs, reservoir and/or production complexities may further restrict FMB use. Among these complexities are significant production/injection of water, production resulting in higher gas/oil ratios (GORs) and pressure drawdowns, geomechanical effects, and multiwell-production effects. As a result, application of the conventional FMB to unconventional reservoirs may lead to significant errors in hydrocarbons-in-place estimation.
This paper first discusses the application of conventional FMB to the analysis of single-phase or multiphase flow in single or multiwell scenarios, and then provides a new, comprehensive version of the FMB to address the previously mentioned complications. For the new FMB, pseudopressure is used to account for two-phase oil/gas flow. In addition, by use of a general material-balance equation, water production/injection and multiwell effects are included in the analysis. The new FMB-analysis approach is validated by comparing results with numerical simulation of multifractured horizontal wells (MFHWs). These comparisons demonstrate that, not only gas production, but also water production/injection can have a significant effect on the calculated original-in-place hydrocarbon volumes. The new FMB-analysis approach provided herein successfully accounts for all flowing phases in the reservoir, and is demonstrated to be applicable for multiwell scenarios.
The methodology presented in this paper maintains the simplicity of FMB, yet accounts for multiphase flow and multiwell complications. The developed FMB and the presented approach can be used by reservoir engineers to reasonably determine the original volumes of hydrocarbons in place in both conventional and unconventional reservoirs.
Measuring Crack Porosity using Three‐Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Authors: Ackerson Jason P. , McInnes Kevin J. , Morgan Cristine L. S. , Everett Mark E. 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
Desiccation cracks in Vertisols and shrink‐swell soils greatly alter soil hydrology
Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) may be used to measure crack porosity
ERT images were measured on a cracked Vertisol
Crack porosity was measured directly by filling cracks with cement
ERT images were well correlated with measurements of crack porosity
Desiccation cracks in Vertisols and other shrink‐swell soils greatly alter the hydrological properties of the soil by intercepting runoff and increasing evaporation. Nondestructive monitoring and measuring of soil crack volume or porosity is difficult. Typically, crack porosity is predicted from measurements of soil subsidence or shrinkage; however, these measurements require installation of permanent equipment in the field. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to monitor soil crack porosity. Electrical resistivity tomography is a noninvasive geophysical technique that generates maps or images of the subsurface electrical resistivity of a soil. We conducted ERT surveys during the seasonal drying cycle of a Vertisol in Central Texas. Crack porosity near the end of a drying cycle was measured by filling cracks with cement and photographic analysis of horizontal cross‐sections. Measured crack porosity was correlated to crack indicators on ERT images (r2 = 0.63). Total shrinkage porosity for each date of the study was predicted from soil water content loss. Measured crack porosity accounted for roughly one third of total shrinkage porosity. For dates where cracks were present, average total shrinkage porosity was well correlated with ERT indicators (r2 = 0.96). Our results suggest that ERT could be a viable, non‐invasive tool for measuring crack porosity. ERT‐based methods have several advantages over traditional shrinkage‐based methods, mainly that ERT does not require installation of permanent field equipment and can provide data on the spatial distribution of cracks over pedon‐scale areas.