bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gradual development of constructional complexity in German spatial language
Authors: Madlener Karin , Skoruppa Katrin , Behrens Heike 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we assess the developmental trajectories by which children approach adult levels of complexity and informativeness in the linguistically and conceptually challenging domain of spatial language. To this end, we look at three types of spatial relations (localization, spontaneous and caused motion) in spontaneous German child speech (age 2;6 to 2;11 and 4;6 to 4;11), and in elicited
Analysis of Operating Conditions on Osmotic Dehydration of Plums (Prunus Domestica L.) and 3D-Numerical Determination of Effective Diffusion Coefficients
Authors: Rodríguez María M. , Arballo Javier R. , Campañone Laura A. , Mascheroni Rodolfo H. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The objective of this work was to analyze the relevant process conditions on osmotic dehydration of plums and to determine the diffusion coefficients related to this process. The influence of solution (type and concentration of solute, temperature, fruit/solution ratio) and process time on water loss, water content and solutes gain were studied. Process analysis was performed experimentally by means of a set of 16 duplicate tests and numerically by mathematical modeling of the unsteady-state mass transfer phenomena. Experiments were carried out with glucose and sorbitol solutions (40–60 % w/w), dehydrating plum pieces during 2 h at temperatures of 25 and 40ºC, with fruit/solution ratios of 1/4 and 1/10. For calculating effective diffusion coefficients, a novelty inverse-method was applied, the approximate shape of food-pieces was considered using Finite Elements Method. Calculated diffusion coefficients ranged from 1.13 × 10−09 to 4.71 × 10−09 m2 s−1 and 0.44 × 10−09 to 3.46 × 10−09 m2 s−1, for water and solutes, respectively.
Review of Economic Success of Chinese Merchants in Southeast Asia: Identity, Ethnic Cooperation and Conflict. Integrating the Social Science with Evolutionary Biology
Authors: Eggertsson Thráinn 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Janet Landa interprets informal economic network of traders or middlemen as an institution for lowering transaction costs in communities that have not developed reliable legal infrastructure for enforcing contracts. In economics, Landa has pioneered the study of trust in trade networks and her new book reveals the intellectual development of an original scholar over a period of thirty years. Of the 14 essays in the book, 5 have not been published before. The story begins on the ground in Singapore and West Malaysia in 1969 when a young doctoral student wonders why Chinese middlemen, belonging the Hokkien dialect group, dominate the marketing of rubber made by small-scale Malay producers. The student herself is part of the Chinese diaspora but studies at a Canadian university.
Das reformierte Recht der Gesellschafterdarlehen – eine Zwischenbilanz*
Authors: Kleindiek Detlef 
Published: October 2017

Mit Wirkung zum 1. November 2008 hatte der deutsche Gesetzgeber das Recht der Gesellschafterdarlehen in haftungsbeschränkten Gesellschaftsformen grundlegend reformiert. An die Stelle des früheren „Zwei-Säulen-Modells“ mit sowohl gesellschaftsrechtlich als auch insolvenzrechtlich ausgerichteten Regelungen sind ausschließlich insolvenzrechtlich konzipierte Sondervorschriften getreten. Sie begründen den Nachrang der erfassten Gesellschafterforderungen in der Insolvenz der Gesellschaft, abgesichert durch eine Haftung aus Insolvenzanfechtung für bestimmte gläubigerbenachteiligende Handlungen innerhalb abgegrenzter Fristen. Der Beitrag analysiert – im Sinne einer Zwischenbilanz – Entwicklung und Stand der Erkenntnis auf zwei zentralen Themenfeldern: dem Normzweck des neuen Rechts und den Rechtsfolgen vorinsolvenzlicher Forderungsabtretung und Anteilsübertragung. Ergänzend werden einige weitere Grundsatzentscheidungen des Bundesgerichtshofs zum reformierten Recht der Gesellschafterdarlehen in den Blick genommen, um erste Rechtsprechungstendenzen aufzuzeigen.With effect as of the 1st of November 2008, the German legislator has fundamentally reformed the law concerning shareholder loans in regards to limited liability companies. The former so-called “two-pillar model”, which was based on company law as well as on insolvency law regulations, has been replaced by special provisions solely regarding insolvency law. The German legislator justifies the subordination of the requirments of shareholders regarding the insolvency of the company by securing the possibility of, within a specific time period, creating a liability resulting from contesting the insolvency for certain actions that put creditors at a disadvantage. For the purposes of an interim balance, the following article analysis the development and state of knowledge on two important thematic fields: the ratio legis of the new law and the legal consequences in regards to a pre-insolvency assignment of claims and the transfer of shares. Additionally, some other fundamental decisions by the Federal Court of Justice in regards to the reformed company law based on insolvency will be looked at, in order to indicate primary jurisdiction tendencies.
Gluteus Maximus and Hamstring Activation During Selected Weight-Bearing Resistance Exercises
Authors: McCurdy Kevin , Walker John , Yuen Derrick 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
McCurdy, K, Walker, J, and Yuen, D. Gluteus maximus and hamstring activation during selected weight-bearing resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 594–601, 2018—The purpose of this study was to compare the gluteus maximus (GM) and hamstring group (HG) electromyographic (EMG) activation levels among selected weight-bearing resistance exercises. Eighteen young adult females with previous resistance training experience completed the study. Strength was assessed on the bilateral squat (BS) (3 repetition maximum [RM]), modified single-leg squat (MSLS) (3RM), and stiff-leg deadlift (SLDL) (8RM) to determine an 8RM load for all lifts. Surface EMG was collected after 48 hours of rest using wireless Trigno IM Sensors using EMMA software (Delsys), which also collected and synchronized 3D hip and knee motion. A maximum voluntary isometric contraction was determined for the GM and HG to normalize the EMG data. During EMG data collection, 3 repetitions were completed using an 8RM load on all 3 exercises. Gluteus maximus EMG was significantly greater than HG EMG on the BS (40.3 vs. 24.4%, p < 0.001), MSLS (65.6 vs. 40.1 %, p < 0.012), and SLDL (40.5 vs. 29.9 %, p < 0.047). The MSLS produced significantly greater HG EMG (p = 0.001) compared with the SLDL, whereas the SLDL was significantly greater (p = 0.004) than the BS. The MSLS GM EMG was also significantly greater (p < 0.001) than the SLDL and BS, whereas no difference was found between the SLDL and BS. Comparing the activation of the 2 muscle groups in all exercises, the GM seems to be the primary muscle recruited whereas the MSLS seems to produce greater GM and HG activation. The data indicate that it would be most beneficial to include the MSLS during GM and HG training.
Effects of a 15-Day Low Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet in Resistance-Trained Men
Authors: Waldman Hunter S. , Krings Ben M. , Basham Steven A. , Smith John Eric W. , Fountain Brent J. , McAllister Matthew J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Waldman, HS, Krings, BM, Basham, SA, Smith, JW, Fountain, BJ, and McAllister, MJ. Effects of a 15-day low carbohydrate, high-fat diet in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3103–3111, 2018—This study examined the effects of a 15-day isocaloric low carbohydrate (<25% E), high-fat (>50% E) (LCHF) diet on physiological and metabolic alterations in resistance-trained (RT) men. College-aged RT men (n = 11) completed 4 V̇o
2max tests using treadmill every 5 days during the 15-day trial. Blood was drawn intravenously pre-exercise across each experimental trial for insulin, cortisol, and glucose. Pulmonary data were collected and substrate oxidation (OXI) was calculated during exercise. Body mass decreased (p < 0.04) with no further changes in anthropometric measures. Time to exhaustion was not affected across each day. Insulin dropped below baseline values (p < 0.0005). Cortisol increased from baseline to day 5 (p < 0.004) but returned back to near baseline at day 10, whereas glucose remained within normal range throughout the duration of the study. Carbohydrate (CHO) OXI dropped (p < 0.001) from baseline to day 5, and fat OXI increased from baseline to day 5 (p < 0.0001). Heart rate decreased from baseline to day 5 (p < 0.001) and again from day 10 to 15 (p < 0.02). Oxygen uptake (V̇o
2) decreased from day 5 to 10 (p < 0.0001). A nonketo LCHF diet appears to favor RT men by altering metabolic markers without decrements in aerobic performance and be a potential diet intervention used by coaches. However, the reported cardiorespiratory responses should be interpreted reasonably because of the possibility the subjects running economy improved over experimental trials.
Mechanical and Metabolic Responses to Traditional and Cluster Set Configurations in the Bench Press Exercise
Authors: García-Ramos Amador , González-Hernández Jorge M. , Baños-Pelegrín Ezequiel , Castaño-Zambudio Adrián , Capelo-Ramírez Fernando , Boullosa Daniel , Haff G. Gregory , Jiménez-Reyes Pedro 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
García-Ramos, A, González-Hernández, JM, Baños-Pelegrín, E, Castaño-Zambudio, A, Capelo-Ramírez, F, Boullosa, D, Haff, GG, and Jiménez-Reyes, P. Mechanical and metabolic responses to traditional and cluster set configurations in the bench press exercise. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 663–670, 2020—This study aimed to compare mechanical and metabolic responses between traditional (TR) and cluster (CL) set configurations in the bench press exercise. In a counterbalanced randomized order, 10 men were tested with the following protocols (sets × repetitions [inter-repetition rest]): TR1: 3 × 10 (0-second), TR2: 6 × 5 (0-second), CL5: 3 × 10 (5-second), CL10: 3 × 10 (10-second), and CL15: 3 × 10 (15-second). The number of repetitions (30), interset rest (5 minutes), and resistance applied (10 repetition maximum) were the same for all set configurations. Movement velocity and blood lactate concentration were used to assess the mechanical and metabolic responses, respectively. The comparison of the first and last set of the training session revealed a significant decrease in movement velocity for TR1 (Effect size [ES]: −0.92), CL10 (ES: −0.85), and CL15 (ES: −1.08) (but not for TR2 [ES: −0.38] and CL5 [ES: −0.37]); while blood lactate concentration was significantly increased for TR1 (ES: 1.11), TR2 (ES: 0.90), and CL5 (ES: 1.12) (but not for CL10 [ES: 0.03] and CL15 [ES: −0.43]). Based on velocity loss, set configurations were ranked as follows: TR1 (−39.3 ± 7.3%) > CL5 (−20.2 ± 14.7%) > CL10 (−12.9 ± 4.9%), TR2 (−10.3 ± 5.3%), and CL15 (−10.0 ± 2.3%). The set configurations were ranked as follows based on the lactate concentration: TR1 (7.9 ± 1.1 mmol·L−1) > CL5 (5.8 ± 0.9 mmol·L−1) > TR2 (4.2 ± 0.7 mmol·L−1) > CL10 (3.5 ± 0.4 mmol·L−1) and CL15 (3.4 ± 0.7 mmol·L−1). These results support the use of TR2, CL10, and CL15 for the maintenance of high mechanical outputs, while CL10 and CL15 produce less metabolic stress than TR2.
PENDAYAGUNAAN REAKTOR TRIGA 2000 BANDUNG UNTUK IRADIASI TELURIUM OKSIDA DALAM PEMBUATAN RADIOIODIDA-131 (131I) BEBAS PENGEMBAN BERDASARKAN KOLOM RESIN AMBERLIT
Authors: Alfathia Dara , Hastiawan Iwan , Setiawan Duyeh 
Published: October 2017

Saat ini metode yang sering digunakan dalam pembuatan radioiodida-131 (131I) bebas pengemban (carrier-free) yaitu radioisotop tanpa tambahan pengemban (non-carrier-added radioisotopes) adalah menggunakan metode pemisahan distilasi basah atau distilasi kering. Kelemahan metode distilasi diantaranya membutuhkan peralatan yang rumit dan kemungkinan besar terjadi kontaminasi akibat penguapan serta pelepasan 131I. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan metode distilasi dan supaya pengerjaannya sederhana, dikembangkan pemisahan berbasis kolom berisi resin penukar ion (Amberlit). Metode teknik pengocokan terhadap perilaku pertukaran radioiodida-131 dan telurium-130 dalam resin penukar ion di media larutan asam dan basa serta parameter-parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap proses pemisahan seperti kapsitas tukar ion, koefisien distribusi (Kd), waktu kontak dan massa resin Amberlit akan dipelajari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai kapasitas tukar ion 1,15 meq/gram berat basah resin, Kd 130Te dan 131I pada pelarut NaOH 2 M dengan waktu kontak 20 menit adalah 47 mL/g dan 113 mL/g. Persen yield pemisahan 131I diperoleh sebesar 60,70 ± 0,09 % dengan menggunakan resin amberlit sebanyak 2 gram. Radioisotop dalam bentuk kimia Na131I memiliki kemurnian radiokimia sebesar 95,27 ± 0,06 % dan kemurnian radionuklida sebesar 99,5 ± 0,02 %. Hasil uji kualitas Na131I berupa larutan jernih, pH 7, kadar Pb<40 ppm, kadar Te<10 µg/mL, kadar reduktor 0,2844 mg/0,1 mL Na131I.
Born of fire: In search of volcanoes in U.S. national parks, four striking examples
Authors: Walkup Laura C. , Casadevall Thomas J. , Santucci Vincent L. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Geologic features, particularly volcanic features, have been protected by the National Park Service since its inception. Some volcanic areas were nationally protected even before the National Park Service was established. The first national park, Yellowstone National Park, is one of the most widely known geothermal and volcanic areas in the world. It contains the largest volcanic complex in North America and has experienced three eruptions which rate among the largest eruptions known to have occurred on Earth. Half of the twelve areas established as national parks before the 1916 Organic Act which created the National Park Service are centered on volcanic features. The National Park Service now manages lands that contain nearly every conceivable volcanic resource, with at least seventy-six managed lands that contain volcanoes or volcanic rocks. Given that so many lands managed by the National Park Service contain volcanoes and volcanic rocks, we cannot give an overview of the history of each one; rather we highlight four notable examples of parks that were established on account of their volcanic landscapes. These parks all helped to encourage the creation and success of the National Park Service by inspiring the imagination of the public. In addition to preserving and providing access to the nation's volcanic heritage, volcanic national parks are magnificent places to study and understand volcanoes and volcanic landscapes in general. Scientists from around the world study volcanic hazards, volcanic history, and the inner working of the Earth within U.S. national parks. Volcanic landscapes and associated biomes that have been relatively unchanged by human and economic activities provide unique natural laboratories for understanding how volcanoes work, how we might predict eruptions and hazards, and how these volcanoes affect surrounding watersheds, flora, fauna, atmosphere, and populated areas.
Effect of the combined preparation Terzhinan® on microorganisms isolated from the urogenital tract of women. In vitro experiment
Authors: Savicheva Alevtina M. , Spasibova Elena V. 
Published: October 2017

Introduction. The study is in vitro experiment, aimed to determine antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from the urogenital tract of women to the combination of substances included in the preparation Terzhinan.
Methods. In total, 516 microorganism strains isolated from the vagina of reproductive age women have been tested: Candida spp. (n = 83), bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae (n = 138), Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 72), Enterococcus spp. (n = 147), Staphylococcus spp. (n = 37), Actinomyces urogenitalis (n = 7), Gardnerella vaginalis (n = 27), Atopobium vaginae (n = 5). Suspensions of each strain in a volume of 0.5 ml (0.5 according to McFarland) were applied onto culture medium (Muller-Hinton Agar or 5% Blood Muller-Hinton Agar). Furthermore, serial dilutions of Terzhinan were applied with a calibrated loop onto three sectors. Petri dishes were then incubated at 37 °С for 24 h. The results were evaluated visually, by measuring growth inhibition zones.
Results. The majority of Candida albicans isolates were susceptible (S) to the preparation, using both undiluted and diluted (10 and 100 times) preparation. Terzhinan without dilution and in the dilution 1:10 was 100% effective against all tested bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Susceptibility of gram positive bacteria to the antibiotics included in Terzhinan, was 74.1%. All isolates of staphylococci, including Staphylococcus aureus, were susceptible. The frequency of susceptible strains of Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus spp. was 70%. All clinical isolates of Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae were susceptible to the combinations of antibiotics included in the preparation Terzhinan, which is in agreement with data on its high efficiency in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.
Conclusions. In in vitro experiment, the combined preparation Terzhinan showed high activity against major groups of microorganisms isolated from the vagina including pathological conditions, such as bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginitis of different etiology.
A study of clinical and laboratory profile of febrile children presenting with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Nair Bindu T. , Sharma Kuldeep , Paimode Sandeep D. 
Published: October 2017

Background: A large number of acute febrile illnesses have an infectious aetiology and many of them are associated with thrombocytopenia. The objective was to study the clinical and laboratory profile of febrile children with thrombocytopenia, associated clinical complications and assess the relationship between platelet levels and severity of disease.Methods: The study was carried out in 180 children up to the age of 18 years, seen in Out Patient Department as well as those admitted in the wards of Department of Paediatrics of a 999 bedded hospital in North India from July 2016 to June 2017.Results: The commonest causes of thrombocytopenia in our study were Viral Fever (other than dengue and chikungunya) 27.78% (50), followed by Dengue 22.2% (40), enteric fever 12.22% (22), chikungunya 11.11% (20), malaria 8.33% (15), septicaemia 5.55% (10), ITP 5.55% (10), haematological malignancy 1.67% (03) and megaloblastic anaemia 1.11%(2). Bleeding manifestations were present in 19.45 % of patients and the commonest sites were skin and mucous membranes. Bleeding manifestations were seen most commonly in children with a platelet count less than <20,000/μl.Conclusions: Viral fevers (non-specific) followed by dengue and chikungunya were the most common causes of fever with thrombocytopenia.
Dynamization of external fixator is single stage definitive procedure for open fractures both bone leg
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Kumar Rakesh , Ranjan Rajni , Mahajan Avijit 
Published: October 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Open fracture both bone leg is a common fracture present in orthopaedic causality. Treatment consists of I. V. antibiotics, debridement and external fixator. Judicious selection of the patients on basis of Gustilio and Anderson classification leads to external fixator as a definitive and single stage procedure with dynamization. It reduces the risk of infection at time of definitive procedure and number of hospital stay and surgery.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In school of medical sciences and research, We treated 68 patients with open both bone fracture (Gustilio and Anderson type 2 and 3b) with debridement and external fixator. All patients underwent dynamization depending upon fracture pattern. Majority of our cases were road traffic accident involving male. Average duration of union was 22 to 26 weeks. There was no need for any major plastic surgery procedure. Removal of external fixator and Patellar tendon brace (PTB) was given for the period of 4 to 6 weeks at the time of clinical and radiological union.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Eighty eight percent of our cases united well. This reduces the burden of secondary definitive procedure, infection and cost of treatment. So careful selection of the patients and dynamization of external fixator hold the place for definitive surgical option for open both bone fractures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> External fixator is simple effective surgical procedure for open fractures both bone leg. Staged dynamization of external fixator add in the better union with functional outcome and cost effective. </p>
Evaluate the efficacy of teaching programme regarding self-assessment among knee osteoarthritis patients: a cross sectional study
Authors: Shihora Umang , Motwani Paras 
Published: October 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Lack of knowledge may lead to depression, anxiety and poor coping skills, which may affect the patient’s quality of life while health education is an effective intervention and can reduce pain and disability. Hence the present study was planned with the following aim to assess the knowledge regarding self-care among knee osteoarthritis patients and to develop and administer structured teaching program from knee osteoarthritis patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Data related to the study were collected from knee osteoarthritis patients attending the out patients Department at Medical Institute at Bhuj district. The period of conduction of study was approximately one year. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with knee arthritis were included in the study.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> respondents with an immediate family member with knee OA averaged a 5.5 higher knowledge score than respondents whose family members did not have the condition (p&lt;0.001). Respondents diagnosed clinically of knee OA averaged 2.06 higher knowledge score in comparison to respondents without knee OA (p=0.011).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> A higher knowledge of knee OA was found for respondents with tertiary education over those with a primary or secondary education. The results from this cross-sectional study impact important public health decisions, given that respondents over 50 years, with a family history, self-awareness, and a knee OA diagnosis, showed better knowledge of symptomatic knee OA as shown in the multivariate analysis. </p>