bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐gastric bypass hypoglycaemia: a review
Authors: Shantavasinkul Prapimporn C. , Torquati Alfonso , Corsino Leonor 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBariatric surgery is a highly effective treatment for severe obesity, resulting in substantial weight loss and normalizing obesity‐related comorbidities. However, long‐term consequences can occur, such as postbariatric surgery hypoglycaemia. This is a challenging medical problem, and the number of patients presenting with it has been increasing. Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most popular bariatric procedure, and it is the surgery most commonly associated with the development of postbariatric surgery hypoglycaemia. To date, the pathogenesis of this condition has not been completely established. However, various factors – particularly increased postprandial glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 secretion – have been considered as crucial mediator. The mechanisms responsible for diabetic remission after bariatric surgery may be responsible for the development of hypoglycaemia, which typically occurs 1–3 h after a meal and is concurrent with inappropriate hyperinsulinaemia. Carbohydrate‐rich foods usually provoke hypoglycaemic symptoms, which can typically be alleviated by strict dietary modifications, including carbohydrate restriction and avoidance of high glycaemic index foods and simple sugars. Few patients require further medical intervention, such as medications, but some patients have required a pancreatectomy. Because this option is not always successful, it is no longer routinely recommended. Clinical trials are needed to further determine the pathophysiology of this condition as well as the best diagnostic and treatment approaches for these patients.
Evaluation of growth hormone stimulation testing in children
Authors: Chesover Alexander D. , Dattani Mehul T. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the use and interpretation of growth hormone (GH) stimulation tests used across the UK for diagnosing GH deficiency.BackgroundPrevious studies show poor consensus on the use of GH stimulation tests. Sex steroid priming and retesting in the transition period are areas not previously surveyed.DesignData were collected from tertiary paediatric endocrinologists, paediatricians with a specialist interest in endocrinology and biochemists across the UK over 6 months through distributing electronic surveys.ResultsAt least three different GH stimulation tests were used by 33% of departments. Glucagon and insulin doses varied most, and sampling frequency varied most using insulin. All laboratories use a recommended chemiluminescence immunoassay with an acceptable coefficient of variability. The GH peak for diagnosing GH deficiency varied from 6 to 8 μg/l. A wide range of clinical scenarios prompted retesting in the transition period, suggesting nonstandardized current practice. Seventy‐five per cent of departments use sex steroid priming, but follow criteria variously combining bone age, chronological age and pubertal stage, together with variations in steroid type and dose.ConclusionsAlthough a contentious diagnostic test, GH stimulation tests remain the gold standard for diagnosing GH deficiency. Our data suggest that together with variation in indication, protocol and interpretation, there is considerable variation in current practices pertaining to priming and retesting in transition. Given the current financial climate and the need for careful resource management, this study emphasizes the considerable need for consensus in the investigation, diagnosis and long‐term follow‐up of these children, at least nationally if not internationally.
Physiological oxygen tension modulates soluble growth factor profile after crosstalk between chondrocytes and osteoblasts
Authors: Zhang Tao , Xie Jing , Sun Ke , Fu Na , Deng Shuwen , Lin Shiyu , Shi Sirong , Zhong Juan , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesPhysiological oxygen tension plays a critical role in homoeostatic maintenance and development of endochondral bone. Based on the proximity between uncalcified cartilage and subchondral bone, and microchannels that serve as a message delivery network between them, we aimed to explore the influence of low oxygen tension on soluble factor secretion in both chondrocytes and osteoblasts, after co‐culture.Materials and methodsContact co‐culture was achieved for morphological observation using red fluorescent protein (RFP)‐labelled chondrocytes and green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐labelled osteoblasts, and non‐contact co‐culture achieved by transwell chambers. This was used to screen genetic variation of growth factors in hypoxia, including respective phenotypic markers, factors involving hypoxia and angiogenesis relationships, bone morphogenetic family proteins, and other general factors.ResultsWe observed a significant increase in chondrocyte size following co‐culture, in both normoxia and hypoxia, but not of osteoblasts. Expression of Aggrecan in chondrocytes and alkaline phosphatase in osteoblasts was down‐regulated under hypoxia following co‐culture. Under hypoxia, we found that expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, vascular endothelial growth factor‐A/B, VE‐cadherin, bone morphogenetic protein‐2, and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in chondrocytes, increased, but HIF‐1α, platelet‐derived growth factor, BMP‐5/‐6 and fibroblast growth factor‐1 in osteoblasts, decreased.ConclusionsThese results not only indicate the importance of crosstalk between chondrocytes and osteoblasts but also improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying homoeostatic maintenance of endochondral bone.
Predictors of awareness of standard drink labelling and drinking guidelines to reduce negative health effects among Australian drinkers
Authors: Coomber Kerri , Jones Sandra C. , Martino Florentine , Miller Peter G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThis study examined rates of awareness of standard drink labelling and drinking guidelines among Australian adult drinkers. Demographic predictors of these two outcomes were also explored.Design and MethodsOnline survey panel participants aged 18–45 years(n = 1061; mean age = 33.2 years) completed an online survey assessing demographics, alcohol consumption patterns, awareness of standard drink labels and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) guidelines, and support for more detailed labels.ResultsThe majority (80%) of participants had seen standard drink labels on alcohol products; with younger drinkers, those from a regional/rural location and high‐risk drinkers significantly more likely to have seen such labelling. Most respondents estimated at or below the maximum number of drinks stipulated in the NHMRC guidelines. However, their estimates of the levels for male drinkers were significantly higher than for female drinkers. High‐risk drinkers were significantly less likely to provide accurate estimates, while those who had seen the standard drink logo were significantly more likely to provide accurate estimates of drinking levels to reduce the risk of long‐term harms only. Just under three‐quarters of respondents supported the inclusion of more information on labels regarding guidelines to reduce negative health effects.Discussion and ConclusionsThe current standard drink labelling approach fails to address high‐risk drinkers. The inclusion of information about NHMRC guidelines on alcohol labels, and placing standard drink labelling on the front of products could improve awareness of what constitutes a standard drink and safe levels of consumption among Australian drinkers.[Kerri Coomber, Sandra C. Jones, Florentine Martino, Peter G. Miller. Predictors of awareness of standard drink labelling and drinking guidelines to reduce negative health effects among Australian drinkers. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:200–209]
Implicit expectations influence target detection in children and adults
Authors: Ruhnau Philipp , Schröger Erich , Sussman Elyse S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWhen a sound occurs at a predictable time, it gets processed more efficiently. Predictability of the temporal structure of acoustic inflow has been found to influence the P3b of event‐related potentials in young adults, such that highly predictable compared to less predictable input leads to earlier P3b peak latencies. In our study, we wanted to investigate the influence of predictability on target processing indexed by the P3b in children (10–12 years old) and young adults. To do that, we used an oddball paradigm with two conditions of predictability (high and low). In the High‐predictability condition, a high‐pitched target tone occurred most of the time in the fifth position of a five‐tone pattern (after four low‐pitched non‐target sounds), whereas in the Low‐predictability condition, no such rule was implemented. The target tone occurred randomly following 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 non‐target tones. In both age groups, reaction time to predictable targets was faster than to non‐predictable targets. Remarkably, this effect was largest in children. Consistent with the behavioral responses, the onset latency of the P3b response elicited by targets in both groups was earlier in the predictable than the unpredictable conditions. However, only the children had significantly earlier peak latency responses for predictable targets. Our results demonstrate that target stimulus predictability increases processing speed in children and adults even when predictability was only implicitly derived by the stimulus statistics. Children did have larger effects of predictability, seeming to benefit more from predictability for target detection.
Effects of levosimendan on isolated human internal mammary artery and saphenous vein: concurrent use with conventional vasodilators
Authors: Ertuna Elif , Turkseven Saadet , Amanvermez Dilsad , Ayik Fatih , Yagdi Tahir , Yasa Mukadder 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGraft spasm is a common problem in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In this study, we aimed to investigate the interaction of levosimendan, a novel inodilator, with vasodilator agents that are clinically used for the treatment of graft spasm and with endogenous vasoconstrictors that are thought to play a role in graft vasospasm, in human internal mammary artery (IMA) and saphenous vein (SV). Isolated human IMA and SV segments derived from patients undergoing CABG were suspended in an organ bath. Responses to cumulative concentrations of noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5‐HT), papaverine, nitroglycerin (NG), and diltiazem were recorded before and after 10−5 m levosimendan incubation (30 min). In addition, cumulative levosimendan responses were taken in vessels precontracted with NA or 5‐HT. 10−5 m levosimendan reduced NA Emax and sensitivity in IMA and SV, and 5‐HT Emax responses in IMA. Moreover, levosimendan caused concentration‐dependent relaxation in both grafts. Papaverine Emax or sensitivity was not altered by levosimendan neither in IMA nor in SV. Levosimendan diminished NG sensitivity in IMA and Emax responses in SV and decreased diltiazem Emax responses both in IMA and SV. Our results suggest that levosimendan may be used alone for prevention or treatment of graft spasm in IMA or in combination with papaverine in IMA and SV grafts. However, as concurrent administration with diltiazem or NG causes a reduction in relaxation in vitro, we suggest caution should be exercised when using levosimendan in combination with these agents.
Make, Buy, or Both: The Innovation Sourcing Strategy Dilemma after M&A
Authors: Cefis Elena , Triguero Ángela 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) on corporate research and development (R&D) strategies using firm‐level data on the Spanish manufacturing sector. The focus of the study is to determine whether M&A affects R&D portfolios by increasing or decreasing innovation input, such as in‐house R&D, external R&D or both. The results show that M&A has a negative and significant impact on R&D intensity, decreasing in‐house R&D and external technological sourcing. M&A enables the rationalization of R&D capacity, implying a decrease in R&D efforts. M&A negatively affects both types of R&D, but, on average, the effect is more negative on external R&D.
Implication of aortic calcification on persistent hypertension after laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Fujita Naoki , Hatakeyama Shingo , Yamamoto Hayato , Tobisawa Yuki , Yoneyama Tohru , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Koie Takuya , Nigawara Takeshi , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo identify risk factors, including aortic calcification, for persistent hypertension in primary aldosteronism patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy.MethodsBetween October 2000 and October 2015, we carried out 101 consecutive laparoscopic adrenalectomies for unilateral primary aldosteronism. Of these, 95 cases with at least 1 year of postoperative follow up were included. These were divided into two study groups based on whether they had normal blood pressure without antihypertensive medications (resolved group) or still required medications (unresolved group) at 1 year after surgery. Variables included age, sex, body mass index, history of hypertension, dosage of antihypertensive medication score, presence of type 2 diabetes, subclinical Cushing syndrome, preoperative renal function, aldosteronoma resolution score and abdominal calcification index. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess independent risk factors for persistent hypertension 1 year after surgery.ResultsThe complete resolution of hypertension without antihypertensive medication 1 year after adrenalectomy was 36 out of 95 (38%). The preoperative antihypertensive medication score, systolic blood pressure and abdominal calcification index were significantly higher, and the aldosteronoma resolution score were significantly lower in the unresolved group than in the resolved group. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors significantly correlating with persistent hypertension 1 year after surgery were aldosteronoma resolution score and abdominal calcification index.ConclusionsLaparoscopic adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism is effective in improving blood pressure and reducing the need for antihypertensive medications. Aldosteronoma resolution score and abdominal calcification index represent potential independent risk factors for persistent hypertension 1 year after surgery.
Clinical features of acute obstructive suppurative pancreatic ductitis: A retrospective review of 20 cases
Authors: Kondo Hiromu , Naitoh Itaru , Okumura Fumihiro , Nakazawa Takahiro , Hayashi Kazuki , Miyabe Katsuyuki , Shimizu Shuya , Nishi Yuji , Yoshida Michihiro , Umemura Shuichiro , Hori Yasuki , Kato Akihisa , Ohara Hirotaka , Joh Takashi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground and Aims:The clinical features of acute obstructive suppurative pancreatic ductitis (AOSPD) have not been elucidated. We aimed to clarify the clinical features of AOSPD.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features of 20 patients with AOSPD at two tertiary referral centers between 1993 and 2012. We compared 17 AOSPD patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and 42 patients with acute‐on‐CP in terms of clinical characteristics, presentation, and laboratory and imaging findings.Results:The etiology of AOSPD involved CP in 17 (85%) patients, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in 2 (10%), and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm in 1 (5%). Endoscopic pancreatic drainage was effective in 19 (95%) patients. Body temperature was significantly higher in AOSPD with CP than acute‐on‐CP patients (median: 38.2 vs 36.9 °C; P < 0.001). Serum amylase levels at onset were significantly lower (median: 133 vs 364.5 U/L; P = 0.009), and C‐reactive protein was significantly higher (median: 9.42 vs 1.06 mg/dL; P < 0.001) in AOSPD with CP patients. Enlargement of the pancreatic parenchyma (18 vs 93%; P < 0.001) and stranding of the surrounding fat (12 vs 93%; P < 0.001) on computed tomography were observed less frequently in patients with AOSPD with CP patients. The diameter of the main pancreatic duct was significantly greater in AOSPD with CP than acute‐on‐CP patients (median: 7 vs 5 mm; P = 0.006).Conclusions:The major etiology of AOSPD involved CP, and endoscopic pancreatic drainage was effective. The clinical features differ between AOSPD with CP and acute‐on‐CP.
Prevalence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in the community: A systematic review of studies in unselected samples of subjects
Authors: Zagari Rocco Maurizio , Eusebi Leonardo Henry , Rabitti Stefano , Cristoferi Laura , Vestito Amanda , Pagano Nico , Bazzoli Franco 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground and AimUpper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings, such as esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, peptic ulcer, and malignancy, represent a public health problem. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in the community.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PUBMED and EMBASE to May 2015. Studies were eligible if they reported the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in unselected samples of the community.ResultsTwelve articles were eligible, nine reported data from three endoscopic surveys (n = 3063 subjects), and three from national screening programs (n = 84 153). The overall prevalence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in the community was 30% in the Kalixanda study (Sweden), 24.9% in the Loiano–Monghidoro study (Italy), and 68.9% in the Systematic Investigation of Gastrointestinal Diseases study (China). The pooled prevalence of esophagitis, endoscopically suspected esophageal metaplasia (ESEM), peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer in all studies was 11.2, 5.1, 6.8, and 0.33%, respectively. The most frequent finding was esophagitis in Europe, with a prevalence of 15.5% in Sweden and 11.8% in Italy, and peptic ulcer in China (17.1%), both in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was positively associated with the prevalence of peptic ulcer (r = 0.91) but negatively associated with the prevalence of both esophagitis (r = −0.99) and ESEM (r = −0.95).ConclusionsUpper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings are present in at least a quarter of subjects in the community with different patterns in Western and Eastern countries, both in asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects. H. pylori prevalence negatively impacts on the prevalence of reflux‐related esophageal findings.
Antifibrotic effect of Centella asiatica Linn and asiatic acid on arecoline‐induced fibrosis in human buccal fibroblasts
Authors: Adtani Pooja Narain , Narasimhan Malathi , Punnoose Alan M. , Kambalachenu Himavanth Reddy 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro antifibrogenic effects of Centella asiatica Linn (CA) and its bioactive triterpene aglycone asiatic acid (AA) on arecoline‐induced fibrosis in primary human buccal fibroblasts (HBF).MethodsAn ethanolic extract of CA was prepared, and AA was purchased commercially. High‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) was performed to quantify AA in the CA extract; colorimetric assay (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was performed to determine an half‐maximal inhibitory concentration. HBF were cultured and stimulated with arecoline. The inhibitory effects of CA and AA at different concentrations were assessed using gene‐expression studies on fibrosis‐related markers: transforming growth factor‐β1, collagen 1 type 2, and collagen 3 type 1. The stimulatory effect of arecoline and the inhibitory effect of AA on fibroblast morphology and extracellular matrix were assessed qualitatively using Masson trichrome stain.ResultsThe HPTLC analysis determined 1.2% AA per 100 g of CA extract. Arecoline produced a concentration‐dependent increase in the fibrotic markers, treatment with CA significantly downregulated fibrotic markers at higher concentrations, and AA downregulated at lower concentrations. Arecoline altered fibroblast morphology and stained strongly positive for collagen, and AA treatment regained fibroblast morphology with faint collagen staining.ConclusionCA and AA can be used as antifibrotic agents.
A Data Characterization Framework for Material Flow Analysis
Authors: Schwab Oliver , Zoboli Ottavia , Rechberger Helmut 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe validity of material flow analyses (MFAs) depends on the available information base, that is, the quality and quantity of available data. MFA data are cross‐disciplinary, can have varying formats and qualities, and originate from heterogeneous sources, such as official statistics, scientific models, or expert estimations. Statistical methods for data evaluation are most often inadequate, because MFA data are typically isolated values rather than extensive data sets. In consideration of the properties of MFA data, a data characterization framework for MFA is presented. It consists of an MFA data terminology, a data characterization matrix, and a procedure for database analysis. The framework facilitates systematic data characterization by cell‐level tagging of data with data attributes. Data attributes represent data characteristics and metainformation regarding statistical properties, meaning, origination, and application of the data. The data characterization framework is illustrated in a case study of a national phosphorus budget. This work furthers understanding of the information basis of material flow systems, promotes the transparent documentation and precise communication of MFA input data, and can be the foundation for better data interpretation and comprehensive data quality evaluation.