bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sandy Soil Microaggregates: Rethinking Our Understanding of Hydraulic Function
Authors: Paradiś Ashley , Brueck Christopher , Meisenheimer Douglas , Wanzek Thomas , Dragila Maria Ines 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
Sandy soil microaggregates are comprised of a solid sand core encrusted with fines.
Thick films control a significant proportion of water retention in coarse sandy soil.
Three water pools drain sequentially: capillary water, thick films, and adsorptive films.
Film seepage rates should be considered when irrigating sandy soil.
This study investigated the peculiar structure of microaggregates in coarse sandy soils that exhibit only external porosity and investigated their control on soil hydrology. The microstructure underpins a hydrologic existence that differs from finer textured soils where aggregates have internal porosity. Understanding the impact of these microaggregates on soil hydrology will permit improved agricultural irrigation management and estimates associated with ecosystem capacity and resiliency. Microstructure was investigated using a digital microscope, and aspects of the structure were quantified by sedimentation and computed microtomography. Sandy soil microaggregates were observed to be comprised of a solid sand‐grain core that is coated with fines, presumably cemented by organic media. This microstructure leads to three distinct water pools during drainage: capillary water, followed by thick films (1–20 μm) enveloping the outer surfaces of the crusted microaggregates, followed by adsorbed thin films (<1 μm). The characteristics of the thick films were investigated using an analytical model. These films may provide as much as 10 to 40% saturation in the range of plant‐available water. Using lubrication theory, it was predicted that thick film drainage follows a power law function with an exponent of 2. Thick films may also have a role in the geochemical evolution of soils and in ecosystem function because they provide contiguous water and gas phases at relatively high moisture contents. And, because the rough outer crust of these microaggregates can provide good niches for microbial activity, biofilm physics will dominate thick film processes, and consequently hydrologic, biologic, and geochemical functions for coarse sandy soils.
Spatial Distribution of Organic Matter Compounds at Intact Macropore Surfaces Predicted by DRIFT Spectroscopy
Authors: Leue Martin , Eckhardt Kai-Uwe , Gerke Horst H. , Ellerbrock Ruth H. , Leinweber Peter 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
Clay coatings in Bt horizons are enriched in heterocyclic organic matter compounds.
The enrichment results from preferential transport in the soil macropore network.
These compounds probably originate from long‐term humification and biomass combustion.
Py‐FIMS and DRIFT spectroscopy approach enables millimeter‐scale spatial characterization.
The illuvial Bt horizon of Luvisols is characterized by coatings of clay and organic matter (OM) at the surfaces of cracks and biopore walls. The occurrence and distribution of OM compounds such as heterocyclic N compounds (NCOMP) and benzonitrile and naphthalene (BN+NA) in macropore coatings could have important effects on preferential transport processes in structured soil. The objective of this study was to estimate the millimeter‐scale distribution of NCOMP and BN+NA at intact surfaces of coated and uncoated cracks, pinholes, and burrow walls. The proportions of NCOMP and BN+NA in OM were determined by pyrolysis–field ionization mass spectrometry (Py‐FIMS) from disturbed material that was manually separated from the intact sample surfaces. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode (DRIFT) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) between DRIFT signals and Py‐FIMS data were used to generate millimeter‐scale maps of predicted NCOMP and BN+NA proportions at intact macropore surfaces. The NCOMP and BN+NA proportions were linearly related to C=O and C=C groups from OM and to O–H groups from clay minerals in DRIFT spectra. The millimeter‐scale distribution of NCOMP and BN+NA at intact macropore surfaces could be predicted in terms of relative differences among the macropore types. Increased NCOMP and BN+NA proportions corresponded to the spatial distribution of crack coatings and pinholes. The relative enrichment suggested that pyrogenic OM has been preferentially transported in cracks rather than in biopores and that it was stabilized by clay minerals and prevented from decomposition. The results indicated that preferential transport affects OM turnover processes in the subsoil.
Fluoride and nitrate adsorption from water by Fe(III)-doped scoria: optimizing using response surface modeling, kinetic and equilibrium study
Authors: Pirsaheb Meghdad , Mohammadi Heshmat , Sharafi Kiomars , Asadi Anvar 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The Fe(III)-doped Scoria was prepared to examine its potential use as an efficient sorbent for removal of fluoride and nitrate from water. Structure and morphology of raw scoria (RS) and Fe(III)-doped scoria (FeS) were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A four-factor central composite design combined with response surface modeling (RSM) was employed for maximizing fluoride and nitrate removal based on 30 different experimental data obtained in a batch system. At optimum condition, the maximum removal of fluoride and nitrate were 78.36% and 81.4%, respectively. The kinetic of fluoride and nitrate adsorption onto RS and FeS were followed the pseudo-first-order with high determination coefficient values (R2 &gt; 0.997). The isotherm data of fluoride was fitted with the Freundlich model, whereas equilibrium data of nitrate are better fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities of Fe(III)-doped scoria for fluoride and nitrate were 0.317 and 11.3 mg/g, respectively. In conclusion, Fe(III)-doped scoria is recommended as an economic and efficient sorbent for nitrate and fluoride removal from contaminated water.
Determinación de propiedades fisicoquímicas de propóleos provenientes de cinco especies de abejas sin aguijón de Norte de Santander-Colombia
Authors: Silva Rojas Milena , Torres Alexandra , Hoffmann Wolfgang 
Published: September 2017

En el presente trabajo se realizó la determinación de las propiedades fisicoquímicas a muestras de propóleo recolectado por cinco especies de abejas sin aguijón: Melipona favosa favosa, Melipona fuscipes, Trigona (Frieseomelitta) nigra paupera, Trigona (Tetragosnisca) angustula, Scaptrotrigona sp. y la especie Apis mellifera, presentes en el Departamento de Norte de Santander- Colombia. Los análisis realizados son algunos de los establecidos en la norma rusa RST-RSFSR-317-77, la AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), y la Reglamentación del Ministerio de Agricultura de Brasil (Reglamento Técnico para fijar la identidad y calidad de propóleos). Las propiedades determinadas para el propóleo como materia prima fueron porcentaje de cera, índice de oxidación, determinación cualitativa de flavonoides, porcentaje de impurezas mecánicas, compuestos fenólicos, índice de yodo, cenizas, humedad, y solubilidad en etanol. El análisis del propóleo en solución se realizó para EEP (extracto de propóleo en etanol). Para la identificación de compuestos flavonoides se preparó un extracto hidroalcohólico. Los resultados mostraron que los propóleos producidos en esta región son de buena calidad y por tanto pueden ser comercializadas y distribuidos, presentando las siguientes variaciones respecto a cada parámetro analizado: a) propóleo como materia prima: porcentaje de cera (1-43,8%), índice de oxidación (14,7–97 segundos), determinación cualitativa de flavonoides (positiva), porcentaje de impurezas mecánicas (1,83–14,48%), compuestos fenólicos (37,12–60,73%), índice de yodo (49,39–79,31%), cenizas (0,14–17,40%), humedad (0,72–10,78%), y solubilidad en etanol (0,41–5,80%). b) propóleo en solución: para EEP: índice de oxidación (1–5 segundos). Se confirmó la presencia de flavonoides y compuestos fenólicos en los extractos hidroalcohólicos. Palabras clave: propóleo, abejas sin aguijón, propiedades fisicoquímicas.
Use of Software and Collaboration Tools to Integrate AIS and MIS Curricula
Authors: Etnyre Vance , Lehmann Constance 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
This paper discusses the collaboration our university has developed between the AIS and MIS programs. We include learning objectives for the overall learning objectives of our integrated program, suggestions for collaboration, and the courses addressing the identified objectives. The authors have found that using software tools can improve collaboration across departments can add to the learning experience in both the accounting and MIS programs. AIS instructors can use software tools to demonstrate how control requirements are implemented within information systems. MIS instructors can use software tools to provide explanations and examples of program structures and data structures used in information systems. Instructors with training in ERP systems can use software tools to add valuable perspective in discussions of scalability, multiple currencies, conversion of measuring units, and automation of business processes.
Tools which are used to support instruction can also be used to enable collaboration between faculty members. When group projects are used to teach information system development, additional collaboration tools can be included to give students experience in working within a workgroup environment. The authors discuss their experience in the use of software packages and collaboration tools to better prepare our students to succeed in the challenging business environment of audit and IT professionals.
A Posteriori Error Estimator for a Weak Galerkin Finite Element Solution of the Stokes Problem
Authors: Zheng Xiaobo , Xie Xiaoping 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA robust residual-based a posteriori error estimator is proposed for a weak Galerkin finite element method for the Stokes problem in two and three dimensions. The estimator consists of two terms, where the first term characterises the difference between the L2-projection of the velocity approximation on the element interfaces and the corresponding numerical trace, and the second is related to the jump of the velocity approximation between the adjacent elements. We show that the estimator is reliable and efficient through two estimates of global upper and global lower bounds, up to two data oscillation terms caused by the source term and the nonhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition. The estimator is also robust in the sense that the constant factors in the upper and lower bounds are independent of the viscosity coefficient. Numerical results are provided to verify the theoretical results.
Attribution of recent ozone changes in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes using statistical analysis and chemistry–climate model simulations
Authors: Zeng Guang , Morgenstern Olaf , Shiona Hisako , Thomas Alan J. , Querel Richard R. , Nichol Sylvia E. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Ozone (O3) trends and variability from a 28-year (1987–2014) ozonesonde record at Lauder, New Zealand, have been analysed and interpreted using a statistical model and a global chemistry–climate model (CCM). Lauder is a clean rural measurement site often representative of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid-latitude background atmosphere. O3 trends over this period at this location are characterised by a significant positive trend below 6 km, a significant negative trend in the tropopause region and the lower stratosphere between 9 and 15 km, and no significant trend in the free troposphere (6–9 km) and the stratosphere above 15 km. We find that significant positive trends in lower tropospheric ozone are correlated with increasing temperature and decreasing relative humidity at the surface over this period, whereas significant negative trends in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere appear to be strongly linked to an upward trend of the tropopause height. Relative humidity and the tropopause height also dominate O3 variability at Lauder in the lower troposphere and the tropopause region, respectively. We perform an attribution of these trends to anthropogenic forcings including O3 precursors, greenhouse gases (GHGs), and O3-depleting substances (ODSs), using CCM simulations. Results indicate that changes in anthropogenic O3 precursors contribute significantly to stratospheric O3 reduction, changes in ODSs contribute significantly to tropospheric O3 reduction, and increased GHGs contribute significantly to stratospheric O3 increases at Lauder. Methane (CH4) likely contributes positively to O3 trends in both the troposphere and the stratosphere, but the contribution is not significant at the 95 % confidence level over this period. An extended analysis of CCM results covering 1960–2010 (i.e. starting well before the observations) reveals significant contributions from all forcings to O3 trends at Lauder – i.e. increases in GHGs and the increase in CH4 alone all contribute significantly to O3 increases, net increases in ODSs lead to O3 reduction, and increases in non-methane O3 precursors cause O3 increases in the troposphere and reductions in the stratosphere. This study suggests that a long-term ozonesonde record obtained at a SH mid-latitude background site (corroborated by a surface O3 record at a nearby SH mid-latitude site, Baring Head, which also shows a significant positive trend) is a useful indicator for detecting atmospheric composition and climate change associated with human activities.
Spatio-temporal patterns of the effects of precipitation variability and land use/cover changes on long-term changes in sediment yield in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Gao Guangyao , Zhang Jianjun , Liu Yu , Ning Zheng , Fu Bojie , Sivapalan Murugesu 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Within China's Loess Plateau there have been concerted revegetation efforts and engineering measures since the 1950s aimed at reducing soil erosion and land degradation. As a result, annual streamflow, sediment yield, and sediment concentration have all decreased considerably. Human-induced land use/cover change (LUCC) was the dominant factor, contributing over 70 % of the sediment load reduction, whereas the contribution of precipitation was less than 30 %. In this study, we use 50-year time series data (1961–2011), showing decreasing trends in the annual sediment loads of 15 catchments, to generate spatio-temporal patterns in the effects of LUCC and precipitation variability on sediment yield. The space–time variability of sediment yield was expressed notionally as a product of two factors representing (i) the effect of precipitation and (ii) the fraction of treated land surface area. Under minimal LUCC, the square root of annual sediment yield varied linearly with precipitation, with the precipitation–sediment load relationship showing coherent spatial patterns amongst the catchments. As the LUCC increased and took effect, the changes in sediment yield pattern depended more on engineering measures and vegetation restoration campaign, and the within-year rainfall patterns (especially storm events) also played an important role. The effect of LUCC is expressed in terms of a sediment coefficient, i.e., the ratio of annual sediment yield to annual precipitation. Sediment coefficients showed a steady decrease over the study period, following a linear decreasing function of the fraction of treated land surface area. In this way, the study has brought out the separate roles of precipitation variability and LUCC in controlling spatio-temporal patterns of sediment yield at catchment scale.
Annual Irrigation Dynamics in the U.S. Northern High Plains Derived from Landsat Satellite Data
Authors: Deines Jillian M. , Kendall Anthony D. , Hyndman David W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSustainable management of agricultural water resources requires improved understanding of irrigation patterns in space and time. We produced annual, high‐resolution (30 m) irrigation maps for 1999–2016 by combining all available Landsat satellite imagery with climate and soil covariables in Google Earth Engine. Random forest classification had accuracies from 92 to 100% and generally agreed with county statistics (r2 = 0.88–0.96). Two novel indices that integrate plant greenness and moisture information show promise for improving satellite classification of irrigation. We found considerable interannual variability in irrigation location and extent, including a near doubling between 2002 and 2016. Statistical modeling suggested that precipitation and commodity price influenced irrigated extent through time. High prices incentivized expansion to increase crop yield and profit, but dry years required greater irrigation intensity, thus reducing area in this supply‐limited region. Data sets produced with this approach can improve water sustainability by providing consistent, spatially explicit tracking of irrigation dynamics over time.
Arylation of Aniline C(sp3)−H Bonds with Phenols via an In Situ Activation Strategy
Authors: Gui Yong‐Yuan , Wang Zi‐Xiao , Zhou Wen‐Jun , Liao Li‐Li , Song Lei , Yin Zhu‐Bao , Li Jing , Yu Da‐Gang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHerein, a general and efficient arylation of aniline C(sp3)−H bonds with phenols by an in situ activation strategy via visible‐light photoredox/nickel dual catalysis is reported. The direct use of phenols as proelectrophiles features high step efficiency, time economy, and environmental impact. This protocol tolerates a wide array of phenols and anilines to afford benzylic amines in high yields with good functional‐group tolerance under low catalyst loading.
Effects of low‐to‐moderate alcohol supplementation on urinary estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women in a controlled feeding study
Authors: Mahabir Somdat , Pfeiffer Ruth , Xu Xia , Baer David J. , Taylor Philip R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHeavy alcohol drinking is associated with increased breast cancer risk, but associations with low‐to‐moderate alcohol consumption are less clear and the biological mechanisms are not well defined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 8 weeks of low (15 g/d) and moderate (30 g/d) alcohol ingestion on concentrations of 15 urinary estrogen metabolites (EMs) in postmenopausal women (n = 51) in a controlled feeding study with a randomized crossover design. Compared to no alcohol, 15 g/day for 8 weeks had no effect on urinary EMs. However, compared to no alcohol, 30 g/day for 8 weeks decreased urinary 2‐hydroestrone (2‐OHE1) by 3.3% (P = 0.055) and increased 16‐epiestriol (16‐EpiE3) by 26.6% (P = 0.037). Trends for reduced urinary 2‐OHE1 (P = 0.045), reduced ratio of 2‐OH:16OH pathways (P = 0.008), and increased 16‐EpiE3 (P = 0.035) were observed as alcohol ingestion increased from 0 g to 15 g to 30 g/d. Moderate alcohol consumption for 8 weeks had modest effects on urinary concentrations of 2‐OHE1 and 16‐EpiE3 among postmenopausal women in a carefully controlled feeding study.
Reliability of Constant Charge Method for Molecular Dynamics Simulations on EDLCs in Nanometer and Sub‐Nanometer Spaces
Authors: Yang Jinyuan , Bo Zheng , Yang Huachao , Qi Hualei , Kong Jing , Yan Jianhua , Cen Kefa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Mr. Jinyuan Yang and Prof. Zheng Bo, Zhejiang University (Zhejiang, China). The image shows the comparison of constant charge and constant potential methods for molecular dynamics simulations on electric double layer capacitance in nano‐confined spaces. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201700447.
Population Pharmacokinetic Evaluation and Missed‐Dose Simulations for Eslicarbazepine Acetate Monotherapy in Patients With Partial‐Onset Seizures
Authors: Sunkaraneni Soujanya , Blum David , Ludwig Elizabeth , Chudasama Vaishali , Fiedler‐Kelly Jill , Marvanova Marketa , Bainbridge Jacquelyn , Phillips Luann 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGiven the potential consequences of antiepileptic therapy nonadherence, missed‐dose scenarios of 12‐ to 48‐hour dose delays (4‐hour intervals) for eslicarbazepine acetate monotherapy were evaluated using simulated plasma concentrations of a population pharmacokinetic model (representing 493 subjects). When 1600‐mg doses were delayed 12 to <16 or 36 to <44 hours, simulations showed immediate administration of 1600 mg followed by the same dose at the scheduled time maintained plasma concentrations within the target concentration range. With 16‐ to 24‐ or 44‐ to 48‐hour delays, administration of 2400 mg at the scheduled time followed by resumption of 1600 mg/day maintained plasma concentrations within the target concentration range. For exploratory purposes, the population pharmacokinetic model was refined to predict (n = 6 subjects) and also to allow for simulation of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations. Based on the plasma concentration simulations conducted herein, potential dosing recommendations were developed that suggest a missed ESL dose should be taken when remembered, and the usual dose regimen resumed. If it is remembered within 4 hours of the next dose, 1.5 times the usual dose should be taken immediately, the scheduled dose for that day should be skipped, and the usual regimen resumed the next day.
Differentiation of the Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma From Classic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Ultrasound Analysis and Complement to Fine‐Needle Aspiration Cytology
Authors: Ng Soh‐Ching , Kuo Sheng‐Fong , Hua Chung‐Ching , Huang Bie‐Yu , Chiang Kun‐Chun , Chu Yin‐Yi , Hsueh Chuen , Lin Jen‐Der 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesIt is difficult to establish a diagnosis of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) using fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Preoperative features on ultrasound (US) imaging are different between follicular PTC and classic PTC. This study developed a risk score system to differentiate follicular PTC from classic PTC and to correlate the risk score of follicular PTC with its FNAC categories and pathologic features.MethodsThe US features, FNAC results, and pathologic reports of 156 follicular PTC nodules and 152 classic PTC nodules from 296 patients with PTC along with their clinical characteristics were reviewed retrospectively. A risk score system based on US features was developed by multivariate logistic regression to differentiate classic PTC from follicular PTC nodules. The risk scores were then correlated with the FNAC category and pathologic features of the nodules.ResultsThe US risk score (5 × echogenicity + 3 × calcifications + 3 × marginal regularity) had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85 and a cutoff value of 8.0, with specificity of 87% and sensitivity of 69% for predicting a classic PTC nodule. The follicular PTC nodules with low Bethesda categorization (I–III) had a median US risk score of 6 (range, 0–11), which was higher than that of nodules with high categorization (IV–VI; median, 3; range, 0–11).ConclusionsThe US risk score may be useful in differentiating classic PTC from follicular PTC and complementary to FNAC in identifying follicular PTC.