bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyadenylation in Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus:
cis
-Acting Signals and Regulation
Authors: Rothnie Helen M. , Chen Gang , Fütterer Johannes , Hohn Thomas 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

The polyadenylation signal of rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) was characterized by mutational and deletion analysis. The
cis
-acting signals required to direct polyadenylation conformed to what is known for plant poly(A) signals in general and were very similar to those of the related cauliflower mosaic virus. Processing was directed by a canonical AAUAAA poly(A) signal, an upstream UG-rich region considerably enhanced processing efficiency, and sequences downstream of the cleavage site were not required. When present at the end of a transcription unit, the
cis
-acting signals for 3′-end processing were highly efficient in both monocot (rice) and dicot (
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia
) protoplasts. In a promoter-proximal position, as in the viral genome, the signal was also efficiently processed in rice protoplasts, giving rise to an abundant “short-stop” (SS-) RNA. The proportion of SS-RNA was considerably lower in
N. plumbaginifolia
protoplasts. In infected plants, SS-RNA was hardly detectable, suggesting either that SS-RNA is unstable in infected plants or that read-through of the promoter-proximal poly(A) site is very efficient. SS-RNA is readily detectable in transgenic rice plants (A. Klöti, C. Henrich, S. Bieri, X. He, G. Chen, P. K. Burkhardt, J. Wünn, P. Lucca, T. Hohn, I. Potrylus, and J. Fütterer, 1999.
Plant Mol. Biol
. 40:249–266), thus the absence of SS-RNA in infected plants can be attributed to poly(A) site bypass in the viral context to ensure production of the full-length pregenomic viral RNA. RTBV poly(A) site suppression thus depends both on context and the expression system; our results suggest that the circular viral minichromosome directs assembly of a transcription-processing complex with specific properties to effect read-through of the promoter-proximal poly(A) signal.
Adsorption of Butyl Acetate on Mercury Electrode and Its Effect on Electroreduction of Zn Cations
Authors: Gugała Dorota , Sieńko Dorota , Saba Jadwiga 
Published: July 2002

Adsorption of butyl acetate on the mercury electrode in 1 M, 0.5 M or 0.1 M NaClO4 is described. Differential capacity curves obtained in these solutions for various butyl acetate concentrations point to the strongest decrease in capacity in 0.1 M NaClO4 for the smallest concentration of the ester tested. At the same time the heights of desorption peaks in the solutions tested decrease in the following order: 1 M > 0.5 M > 0.1 M NaClO4. The obtained results show dynamic competitive adsorption in the ClO4--H2O-ester system. In all the systems studied the zero charge potential values determined with a streaming electrode are shifted towards positive potential with increasing ester concentration. These results suggest that the polar molecule of the ester adsorbs on the mercury electrode with its hydrophobic end while hydrophilic ester group is directed towards the solution. The values of the relative surface excess obtained in the range of potentials where the strong adsorption occurs, virtually do not depend on the base electrolyte concentration. The values of the Gibbs energy of adsorption ∆G0 determined from the Frumkin isotherm have also similar values at base concentrations of the electrolyte tested. The values of interaction constant A are radically different: the adsorbed molecules undergo repulsive force in 1 M NaClO4, whereas in 0.5 M and 0.1 M NaClO4 they are under weak attraction. In the range of more negative potentials, the adsorption layer was investigated following the kinetics of the reduction of Zn++ as a pilot ion. It was stated that the concentration of the base electrolyte fundamentally affects the process: the inhibition of butyl acetate decreases in the order 1 M > 0.5 M > 0.1 M NaClO4.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Jivan S , Bahal V 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a relatively rare and poorly understood condition in which mucus accumulates within the peritoneal cavity. The presence of cells in the mucin, either inflammatory or neoplastic, distinguishes it from simple acellular mucus ascites caused by mucinous spillage. There is widespread seeding of the peritoneal and omental surfaces with a heavy cancerous glaze. This is principally a complication of borderline or malignant neoplasm of the ovary and/or appendix.
This paper describes two cases of previously healthy women who both presented with an acute abdomen, and were diagnosed postoperatively with pseudomyxoma peritonei. In addition, literature on the clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, and treatment options has been briefly reviewed.
ENTROPY DENSITIES FOR GIBBS STATES OF QUANTUM SPIN SYSTEMS
Authors: HIAI FUMIO , PETZ DÉNES 
Published: July 2002

This paper is a contribution to the general theory of quantum spin systems. We deal with a general theory in the sense that no concrete interaction shows up but an arbitrary relatively short-range interaction is chosen. It is well known that the mean entropy plays an important role in the thermodynamics of quantum spin systems: it is one of the ingredients of the Lanford–Ruelle–Robinson variational principle. We show that in the background of the existence of the mean entropy, there is an operator convergence which resembles the McMillan theorem from information theory. Asymptotic equipartition property and several entropy densities are investigated, in particular, the relation of the Gibbs condition to relative entropies. Although this paper is not intended to be a review, we try to give an overview of the theory of quantum Gibbs states in the mathematical sense. The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 provides an introduction and further sections contain our new results. Each section is closed with a short discussion on sources and references.
HPF LIBRARY AND COMPILER SUPPORT FOR HALOS IN DATA PARALLEL IRREGULAR COMPUTATIONS
Authors: BRANDES THOMAS 
Published: July 2002

On distributed memory architectures data parallel compilers emulate the global address space by distributing the data onto the processors according to the mapping directives of the user and by generating automatically explicit inter-processor communication. A shadow is additionally allocated local memory to keep on one processor also non-local values of the data that is accessed or defined by this processor. While shadow edges are already well studied for structured grids, this paper focuses on its use for applications with unstructured grids where updates on the shadow edges involve unstructured communication with complex communication schedules. The use of shadow edges is considered for High Performance Fortran (HPF) as the de facto standard language for writing data parallel programs in Fortran. A library with a HPF binding provides the explicit control of unstructured shadows and their communication schedules, also called halos. This halo library allows writing HPF programs with a performance close to hand-coded message-passing versions but where the user is freed of the burden to calculate shadow sizes and communication schedules and to do the exchanging of data with explicit message passing commands. In certain situations, the HPF compiler can create and use halos automatically. This paper shows the advantages and also the limits of this approach. The halo library and an automatic support of halos have been implemented within the ADAPTOR HPF compilation system. The performance results verify the effectiveness of the chosen approach.
ROSE: COMPILER SUPPORT FOR OBJECT-ORIENTED FRAMEWORKS
Authors: QUINLAN DAN 
Published: July 2002

ROSE is a preprocessor generation tool for the support of compile time performance optimizations of general object-oriented frameworks. Within this work ROSE is being applied first to Overture, a serial/parallel object-oriented framework for solving partial differential equations in two and three space dimensions. The optimization of the interactions between objects within Overture is of particular interest since the Overture applications can be computationally large (many millions of mesh points and iterating over thousands of time-steps). Unfortunately, optimizations that might be obvious to the framework developer or application developer (e.g. cache based optimizations), due to the precise semantics of the framework's abstractions, are often lost through the C++ compiler's inability to recognize or leverage such semantics. Preprocessing steps can be used to introduce transformations using the semantics of a framework's abstractions, but the development of such a preprocessor tool is particularly complicated for a general object-oriented language such as C++. This paper shows how such framework specific preprocessors can be automatically generated. In this paper we briefly present Overture with some examples, and present our approach toward optimizing the performance for Overture and the A++P++ array class abstractions upon which Overture depends. The results we present show that the semantics of the abstractions represented within Overture and the A++P++ array class library can be used to generate a preprocessor using ROSE. The results demonstrate the performance of an Overture application with and without such a preprocessing step, the final performance with preprocessing is equivalent to that of optimized C and Fortran 77. By design, ROSE is general in its application to any object-oriented framework or application and is in no way specific to Overture.
THE SETS OF POINTS WITH BOUNDED ORBITS FOR GENERALIZED CHEBYSHEV MAPPINGS
Authors: UCHIMURA KEISUKE 
Published: July 2002

We study the dynamical systems given by generalized Chebyshev mappings [Formula: see text] and show that (1) the set of points with bounded orbits of Fc(z) is connected and its complement in C∪{∞} is simply connected if and only if -4 ≤ c ≤ 2; (2) if c > 2, then the set of points with bounded orbits of Fc(z) is Cantor set. These results are the analogue of the theory of filled Julia sets of quadratic polynomials in one complex variable. We show that the mapping Fc(z) has relation to an important holomorphic map on the complex projective space P2.
Transaction processing monitors
Authors: Bernstein Philip A. 
Published: July 2002

A transaction processing (TP) application is a program that performs an administrative function by accessing a shared database on behalf of an on-line user. A TP system is an integrated set of products that supports TP applications. These products include both hardware, such as processors, memories, disks and communications controllers, and software such as operating systems (Oss), database management systems (DBMSs), computer networks and TP monitors. Much of the integration of these products is provided by TP monitors which coordinate the flow of transaction request between terminals that issue requests and TP applications that can process them.
Today, TP represents over 25 percent of the computer systems market and is one of the growing segments of the computer business. TP applications appear in most sectors of large-scale enterprises such as airline reservation, electronic banking, securities trading, inventory and production control, communications switching, videotex, sales management, military command and control and government services.
ESTIMATING THE COMPLEXITY OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR: HOW MOUNTAIN GORILLAS EAT THISTLES
Authors: Byrne Richard , Corp Nadia , Byrne Jennifer 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Mountain gorillas use elaborate, multi-stage procedures for dealing with plant defences. This paper investigates the use of mathematically-inspired, informational measures to gauge the complexity of one of these tasks, eating thistle Carduus nyassanus, from field observations of 38 adults and juveniles. Behaviour was analysed at two levels, a detailed, movementbased description of the form of actions, and an organizational description of techniques that were composed of a series of many actions. Complexity, as measured by counting the sizes of behavioural repertoires, correlated at the two levels. Repertoires were shown to be incomplete, but the rates of cumulative increase in actions differed between tasks. Thistle eating was the most complex, and apparently involved many more actions than even chimpanzee tool-use. Techniques were highly selective arrangements of actions, so that their organization (sequence, bimanual coordination, hierarchical structure) reflected cognitive capacity. Although ideally it would preferable to estimate complexity of task organization, this may seldom be feasible, and was not in this case. Instead, the length of a regularly occurring sequence of actions may be the best practical estimate of an underlying complexity of mental process. Confidence in this measure will be increased if it broadly agrees with other, independent estimates of task complexity; in the case of gorilla plant processing, both the size of repertoire of functionally distinct actions and the degree of lateral specialization were, like sequence length, greater for thistle processing than for other tasks studied to date.
Expression of GATA family of transcription factors in T-cells, monocytes and bronchial biopsies
Authors: Caramori G. , Lim S. , Ito K. , Tomita K. , Oates T. , Jazrawi E. , Chung K.F. , Barnes P.J. , Adcock I.M. 
Published: July 2002

GATA-binding proteins are a subfamily of zinc finger transcription factors with six members (GATA-1-6) that interact with the GATA deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence. This sequence is found in the regulatory regions of many genes including those encoding T-helper 2 (Th2)-like cytokines, receptors, adhesion molecules and enzymes, which may be important in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.The expression of GATA-3, -4 and -6 was investigated in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes and monocytes and bronchial biopsies from 11 normal subjects and 10 steroid-naïve asthmatic patients.Using Western blot analysis, T-cells from asthmatic subjects expressed 5 times the level of GATA-3 compared to that in normals. Confocal microscopy indicated that GATA-3 expression was both nuclear and cytoplasmic. GATA DNA binding complex containing GATA-3 was elevated in Th2 cells as determined by electrophorectic mobility shift assay. In contrast, monocytes from normal and asthmatic subjects expressed GATA-4 and -6 in equal amounts, but no GATA-3 was found. Using immunohistochemistry in bronchial biopsies, epithelial cells expressed high levels of GATA-3, GATA-4 and GATA-6 proteins. Comparison of Western blots of bronchial biopsies showed no significant differences between normal and asthmatic subjects.In conclusion, the increased expression of GATA-3 in asthmatic T-cells may underlie augmented T-helper 2-like cytokines in this disease. However, the unaltered GATA-3 expression in epithelial cells suggests a distinct role for GATA-3 in these cells unrelated to T-helper 2-like cytokine release. Finally, no evidence was found for an increased expression of GATA-4 and GATA-6 in asthma.
Role of p53 as a prognostic factor for survival in lung cancer: a systematic review of the literature with a meta-analysis
Authors: Steels E. , Paesmans M. , Berghmans T. , Branle F. , Lemaitre F. , Mascaux C. , Meert A.P. , Vallot F. , Lafitte J.J. , Sculier J.P. 
Published: July 2002

The role of p53, as a prognostic factor for survival in lung cancer, is controversial and the purpose of the present systematic review of the literature is to determine this effect.Published studies were identified with the objective to aggregate the available survival results after a methodological assessment using a scale specifically designed by the European Lung Cancer Working Party (ELCWP). To be eligible, a study had to deal with p53 assessment in lung cancer (primary site) only, and to provide a survival comparison according to the p53 status.Among the 74 eligible papers, 30 identified p53 abnormalities as a univariate statistically significant poor prognostic factor and 56 provided sufficient data to allow survival results aggregation. There was no significant difference between the trials that either showed or did not show a prognostic effect of p53 according to the methodological score or to the laboratory technique used. The studies were categorized by histology, disease stage, treatment and laboratory technique. Combined hazard ratios suggested that an abnormal p53 status had an unfavourable impact on survival: in any stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) the mean (95% confidence interval) was 1.44 (1.20–1.72) (number of studies included in the subgroup was 11), 1.50 (1.32–1.70) in stages I–II NSCLC (n=19), 1.68 (1.23–2.29) in stages I–IIIB NSCLC (n=5), 1.68 (1.30–2.18) in stages III–IV NSCLC (n=9), 1.48 (1.29–1.70) in surgically resected NSCLC (n=20), 1.37 (1.02–1.85) in squamous cell carcinoma (n=9), 2.24 (1.70–2.95) in adenocarcinoma (n=9), 1.57 (1.28–1.91) for a positive immunohistochemistry with antibody 1801 (n=8), 1.25 (1.09–1.43) for a positive immunohistochemistry with antibody DO-;7 (n=16), and 1.65 (1.35–2.00) for an abnormal molecular biology test (n=13). Data were insufficient to determine the prognostic value of p53 in small cell lung cancer.In each subgroup of nonsmall cell lung cancer, p53 abnormal status was shown to be associated with a poorer survival prognosis.
Efficacy of daytime continuous positive airway pressure titration in severe obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Rudkowski J.C. , Verschelden P. , Kimoff R.J. 
Published: July 2002

The aim of this study was to evaluate manual nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) titration during daytime polysomnography compared with conventional overnight titration for patients with severe obstructive sleep apnoea.Thirty-two patients who underwent daytime titration were retrospectively matched (for age, sex, body mass index and apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI)) to a group titrated overnight during the same period. Successful titration was defined as the identification of the nCPAP level (effective nCPAP (Peff)) required to eliminate respiratory events during all sleep stages. After 3 months of therapy on nCPAP atPeff, nCPAP utilization history was obtained and a group of patients underwent a repeat polysomnogram (PSG) and completed a follow-up Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score.Initial titration was successful in 91% of daytime patients and 91% of overnight patients. The success of daytime titration was not related to diagnostic AHI or ESS score. Subjective nCPAP utilization was statistically similar in both groups. On the follow-up PSG, there were no significant differences between daytime (n=11) and overnight (n=11) patients in measures of sleep quality or respiratory disturbance. Both groups demonstrated similar and significant improvements in ESS score.These findings suggest that the effective nasal continuous positive airway pressure can be accurately established during daytime titration in a substantial proportion of severe, symptomatic obstructive sleep apnoea patients.
Memory for symptoms in COPD patients: how accurate are their reports?
Authors: Meek P.M. , Lareau S.C. , Anderson D. 
Published: July 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of self-reports of symptom intensity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and factors that might influence recall of that intensity.Thirty COPD (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 36±17% predicted) subjects recorded their dyspnoea and fatigue intensity scores on a 0–10 scale for 14 consecutive days. On the fourteenth day, subjects recalled their average, greatest and least symptom intensity for the previous 14 days. General cognitive function, spirometry, and oxygenation were also measured.No significant differences were found between actual and recalled scores for dyspnoea or fatigue. General cognitive function, measured by the Mini Mental State Exam, correlated with the greatest and least dyspnoea and average fatigue difference scores (recall-actual) and contributed to the variance in the average and least dyspnoea recalled scores. The greatest contributor to the variance in the recall scores of both symptoms was the symptom intensity level on the day of recall.These results highlight the importance of current levels of symptom intensity and cognitive function when appraising symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
The anti-IgE antibody omalizumab reduces exacerbations and steroid requirement in allergic asthmatics
Authors: Solèr M. , Matz J. , Townley R. , Buhl R. , O'Brien J. , Fox H. , Thirlwell J. , Gupta N. , Della Cioppa G. 
Published: July 2002

The clinical benefit and steroid-sparing effect of treatment with the anti-immunoglobulin-E (IgE) antibody, omalizumab, was assessed in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma.After a run-in period, 546 allergic asthmatics (aged 12–76 yrs), symptomatic despite inhaled corticosteroids (500–1,200 µg daily of beclomethasone dipropionate), were randomized to receive double-blind either placebo or omalizumab every 2 or 4 weeks (depending on body weight and serum total IgE) subcutaneously for 7 months. A constant beclomethasone dose was maintained during a 16-week stable-steroid phase and progressively reduced to the lowest dose required for asthma control over the following 8 weeks. The latter dose was maintained for the next 4 weeks. Asthma exacerbations represented the primary variable.Compared to the placebo group, the omalizumab group showed 58% fewer exacerbations per patient during the stable-steroid phase (p<0.001). During the steroid-reduction phase, there were 52% fewer exacerbations in the omalizumab groupversusthe placebo group (p<0.001) despite the greater reduction of the beclomethasone dosage on omalizumab (p<0.001). Treatment with omalizumab was well tolerated. The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups.These results indicate that omalizumab therapy safely improves asthma control in allergic asthmatics who remain symptomatic despite regular use of inhaled corticosteroids and simultaneous reduction in corticosteroid requirement.
Respiratory symptoms in relation to indoor exposure to mite and cat allergens and endotoxins
Authors: Gehring U. , Heinrich J. , Jacob B. , Richter K. , Fahlbusch B. , Schlenvoigt G. , Bischof W. , Wichmann H-E. 
Published: July 2002

The authors investigated the relationship between respiratory symptoms in adults and exposure to mite and cat allergens, the role of endotoxins in house dust, the effects of mixtures of several allergens, and interactions between allergen exposure and allergic sensitization.Within a nested case-control study, 405 subjects aged 25–50 yrs from two German cities answered a standardized questionnaire. Allergen-specific immunoglobulin-E was measured. Dust samples were taken from the subjects' homes to determine exposure to mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinusantigen 1Der p1) and (D. farinaeantigen 1Der f1) and cat (cat antigen d1Fel d1) allergen and endotoxin content in settled house dust.Exposure toDer f1 andDer p1 plusDer f1 >10 µg·g−1of mattress dust, respectively, increased the risk of wheeze and breathlessness (odds ratios (OR): 4.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.53–10.64, OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.06–7.28).Fel d1 >8 µg·g−1was positively associated with cough at night (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.22–6.17), noteworthy also in the nonsensitized subjects. Subjects exposed to elevated concentrations of more than one allergen had an up to seven-fold increase in the risk of respiratory symptoms, compared to nonexposed subjects. Sensitized subjects exposed to elevated concentrations ofDer f1 orFel d1 were found to have the highest risk of asthma attacks and respiratory symptoms. No statistically significant association was found between exposure to endotoxins and respiratory health.Indoor exposure toDermatophagoides farinaeantigen 1 and cat antigen d1 is a risk factor for respiratory symptoms in adults, and for cat antigen d 1 even in nonsensitized subjects. The risk is increased if subjects are exposed to a mixture of allergens or if they are sensitized in addition to high exposure.