bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bending the curve of global freshwater biodiversity loss: what are the prospects?
Authors: Dudgeon David , Strayer David L. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTFreshwater biodiversity conservation has received substantial attention in the scientific literature and is finally being recognized in policy frameworks such as the Global Biodiversity Framework and its associated targets for 2030. This is important progress. Nonetheless, freshwater species continue to be confronted with high levels of imperilment and widespread ecosystem degradation. An Emergency Recovery Plan (ERP) proposed in 2020 comprises six measures intended to “bend the curve” of freshwater biodiversity loss, if they are widely adopted and adequately supported. We review evidence suggesting that the combined intensity of persistent and emerging threats to freshwater biodiversity has become so serious that current and projected efforts to preserve, protect and restore inland‐water ecosystems may be insufficient to avert substantial biodiversity losses in the coming decades. In particular, climate change, with its complex and harmful impacts, will frustrate attempts to prevent biodiversity losses from freshwater ecosystems already affected by multiple threats. Interactions among these threats will limit recovery of populations and exacerbate declines resulting in local or even global extinctions, especially among low‐viability populations in degraded or fragmented ecosystems. In addition to impediments represented by climate change, we identify several other areas where the absolute scarcity of fresh water, inadequate scientific information or predictive capacity, and a widespread failure to mitigate anthropogenic stressors, are liable to set limits on the recovery of freshwater biodiversity. Implementation of the ERP rapidly and at scale through many widely dispersed local actions focused on regions of high freshwater biodiversity and intense threat, together with an intensification of ex‐situ conservation efforts, will be necessary to preserve native freshwater biodiversity during an increasingly uncertain climatic future in which poorly understood, emergent and interacting threats have become more influential. But implementation of the ERP must be accompanied by measures that will improve water, energy and food security for humans – without further compromising the condition of freshwater ecosystems. Unfortunately, the inadequate political implementation of policies to arrest widely recognized environmental challenges such as climate change do not inspire confidence about the possible success of the ERP. In many parts of the world, the Anthropocene future seems certain to include extended periods with an absolute scarcity of uncontaminated surface runoff that will inevitably be appropriated by humans. Unless there is a step‐change in societal awareness of – and commitment to – the conservation of freshwater biodiversity, together with necessary actions to arrest climate change, implementation of established methods for protecting freshwater biodiversity may not bend the curve enough to prevent continued ecosystem degradation and species loss.
Crosstalk between GBP2 and M2 macrophage promotes the ccRCC progression
Authors: Zheng Wei , Ye Shujiang , Liu Bin , Liu Dan , Yan Ruyu , Guo Hongjuan , Yu Hongtao , Hu Xudong , Zhao Huaiming , Zhou Kecheng , Li Guangyuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents a highly heterogeneous kidney malignancy associated with the poorest prognosis. The metastatic potential of advanced ccRCC tumors is notably high, posing significant clinical challenges. There is an urgent imperative to develop novel therapeutic approaches to address ccRCC metastasis. Recent investigations indicated a potential association between GBP2 and tumor immunity. However, the precise functional role of GBP2 in the progression of ccRCC remains poorly understood. The present study revealed a strong correlation between GBP2 and M2 macrophages. Specifically, our findings demonstrated that the inhibition of GBP2 significantly impedes the migratory and invasive capabilities of ccRCC cells. We observed that the presence of M2 macrophages can reverse the effects of GBP2 knockdown on tumor cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that M2 macrophages promote the expression of the GBP2/p‐STAT3 and p‐ERK axis in tumor cells through the secretion of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), thereby substantially enhancing the migratory and invasive capacities of the tumor cells. Simultaneously, we have identified that GBP2 promotes the polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype by stimulating the secretion of interleukin‐18 (IL‐18). In summary, our investigation anticipates that the GBP2/IL‐18/M2 macrophages/IL‐10 and the TGF‐β/GBP2, p‐STAT3, p‐ERK loop plays a crucial role in ccRCC metastasis. The collective findings from our research underscore the significant role of GBP2 in tumor immunity and emphasize the potential for modulating GBP2 as a promising therapeutic strategy for targeting ccRCC metastasis.
Granzyme B inhibition reduces autoantibody‐induced dermal–epidermal separation in an ex vivo model of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Authors: Emtenani Shirin , Lebhar Hélène , Marquis Christopher P. , Ludwig Ralf J. , Schmidt Enno 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe pemphigoid disease epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease characterized by autoantibodies against type VII collagen (COL7), immune cell infiltrates at the dermal–epidermal junction and subepidermal blistering. Proteases, particularly granzyme B (GzmB), have been established as therapeutic targets for the treatment of EBA and other pemphigoid diseases. We investigated the impact of the novel GzmB inhibitor SNT‐6935 on anti‐COL7 IgG‐induced subepidermal blistering in a well‐established EBA ex vivo model. Our findings demonstrate that pharmacological targeting of GzmB with its selective inhibitor SNT‐6935 significantly reduced autoantibody‐induced dermal–epidermal separation in human skin cryosections. Interestingly, treatment of skin cryosections with recombinant human GzmB alone did not cause dermal–epidermal separation, suggesting that additional mechanisms alongside GzmB are required for tissue damage in EBA. In conclusion, our study highlights the significant contribution of GzmB to the pathogenesis of EBA and supports the notion of GzmB as a therapeutic target in EBA and other pemphigoid diseases.
Deep learning‐based gesture recognition for surgical applications: A data augmentation approach
Authors: Santiago Sofía Sorbet , Cifuentes Jenny Alexandra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHand gesture recognition and classification play a pivotal role in automating Human‐Computer Interaction (HCI) and have garnered substantial attention in research. In this study, the focus is placed on the application of gesture recognition in surgical settings to provide valuable feedback during medical training. A tool gesture classification system based on Deep Learning (DL) techniques is proposed, specifically employing a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)‐based model with an attention mechanism. The research is structured in three key stages: data pre‐processing to eliminate outliers and smooth trajectories, addressing noise from surgical instrument data acquisition; data augmentation to overcome data scarcity by generating new trajectories through controlled spatial transformations; and the implementation and evaluation of the DL‐based classification strategy. The dataset used includes recordings from ten participants with varying surgical experience, covering three types of trajectories and involving both right and left arms. The proposed classifier, combined with the data augmentation strategy, is assessed for its effectiveness in classifying all acquired gestures. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated against other DL‐based methodologies commonly employed in surgical gesture classification. The results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms these benchmark methods, achieving higher classification accuracy and robustness in distinguishing diverse surgical gestures.
Parametric characterization of the Christopher–James–Patterson model for crack propagation in welded zone of A7N01 Aluminum alloys
Authors: Liu Xi , Lu Yaohui , Wang Qiushi , Lu Chuan , James Neil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAluminum alloy is a widely used material in railway vehicle structures. In order to accurately analyze the crack propagation mechanism of Aluminum alloy welding structures and predict their crack propagation life, this study focuses on the A7N01 Aluminum alloy and proposes a full‐field strain solution method based on the least‐squares method. For the first time, digital image correlation (DIC) experimental measurements are combined with the finite element analysis method to determine the shape and size of the plastic zone at the crack tip of the compact tension (CT) specimen. And it also calculates the crack propagation driving force parameters of the Christopher–James–Patterson (CJP) model using traditional crack propagation driving parameters. The research results revealed that the plastic zone at the crack tip captured by DIC experiments is in good agreement with the finite element simulation results. Additionally, the crack growth rate curve of the A7N01 Aluminum alloy, fitted based on the CJP model, is insensitive to the stress ratio. The results offer an effective approach to utilizing the da/dN‐∆KCJP curve in analyzing A7N01 Aluminum alloy and welded structural failures, broadening the scope of engineering applications for the CJP model.
Eicosapentaenoic acid versus placebo as adjunctive therapy in chronic migraine: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mohammadnezhad Ghader , Assarzadegan Farhad , Koosha Mohsen , Esmaily Hadi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess the efficacy of daily 2000 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation in individuals with chronic migraine.BackgroundChronic migraine is characterized by a minimum of 15 headache days/month, necessitating a focus on preventive treatment strategies. EPA, a polyunsaturated fatty acid recognized for its anti‐inflammatory properties, is examined for its potential effectiveness in chronic migraine management.MethodsA randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled trial of eligible participants with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic migraine were enrolled. The intervention group received 1000 mg of EPA twice daily for 8 weeks, while the control group received two placebo softgels. Symptoms were recorded at 4 and 8 weeks. The primary outcome was assessed using the Headache Impact Test‐6 to evaluate changes in patients. Secondary outcomes encompassed migraine headache days, headache severity measured via a visual analog scale, and the number of consumed painkillers. Descriptive analyses were reported in mean (± standard deviation [SD]).ResultsA total of 60 patients were included in the study and finally, 56 patients completed the study according to the protocol, including 47 (84%) females. The data comparison at baseline did not show any significant difference between the two groups except in the number of patients using valproic acid as prophylaxis (21 patients in the EPA group, and 13 in the placebo group; p = 0.037). The results showed after 8 weeks, a mean (SD) difference of Headache Impact Test‐6 in the EPA and placebo groups was −6.96 (3.34) and −4.43 (5.24), respectively (p = 0.084). Regarding migraine headache days, participants reported a mean (SD) −9.76 (4.15) and −4.60 (4.87) decline in days with headache, respectively (p < 0.001). The number of attacks per month after 8 weeks was 3.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0–4.0) and 4.0 (95% CI 3.0–6.0), respectively (p < 0.001). Regarding severity, there was no significant difference between the two groups (mean [SD] difference: −0.76 [1.13] and –0.73 [1.04], respectively; p = 0.906). In terms of adverse events, two patients in the EPA group reported intolerable nausea and vomiting, and one patient in the placebo group reported dizziness.ConclusionsThis study's findings support the potential of a daily 2000 mg EPA as a prophylactic pharmacotherapy in chronic migraine management, specifically in mitigating migraine attacks, migraine headache days, and overall quality of life.
Symptoms across the phases of the migraine cycle from the patient's perspective: Results of the MiCOAS qualitative study
Authors: McGinley James S. , Mangrum Rikki , Gerstein Maya T. , McCarrier Kelly P. , Houts Carrie R. , Buse Dawn C. , Bryant Alexandra L. , Wirth R. J. , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo better understand the breadth and frequency of symptoms across the phases of the migraine cycle using data captured from qualitative patient interviews conducted through the Migraine Clinical Outcome Assessment System (MiCOAS) project.BackgroundPeople living with migraine experience a range of symptoms across the pre‐headache, headache, post‐headache, and interictal phases of the migraine cycle. Although clinical diagnostic criteria and clinical trial endpoints focus largely on cardinal symptoms or monthly migraine days, migraine symptom profiles are far more complex. As a part of the MiCOAS project, semi‐structured qualitative interviews were undertaken to better understand the migraine‐related symptomology from the patient's viewpoint.MethodsThis concept elicitation study used iterative purposeful sampling to select 40 people with self‐reported medical diagnosis of migraine for interviews that were conducted via audio‐only web conferencing. Key topics related to migraine symptoms, including mood/emotion symptoms, were identified using content analysis. Interview transcripts were also coded to reflect the phase of migraine under discussion, so that patient experiences could be compared by phase.ResultsForty participants (50%, n = 20 episodic migraine; 50%, n = 20 chronic migraine), aged from 21 to 70 years old reported a total of 60 unique symptoms, which were categorized into 30 broader symptom categories. Participants reported between 7 and 22 unique symptom categories across all phases. During pre‐headache and headache, participants reported a median of 7.5 (interquartile range [IQR] = 5.5) and 8 (IQR = 4.0) different symptom categories compared to 4 (IQR = 3.0) and 1.5 (IQR = 2.5) for the post‐headache and interictal periods, respectively. Head pain during the headache phase was the only universally reported symptom (100%, n = 40). Pooling across all phases, the next most reported symptoms were light sensitivity (93%, n = 37), nausea (88%, n = 35), irritability/impatience (83%, n = 24), sound sensitivity (80%, n = 32), and fatigue/exhaustion (80%, n = 32). One or more interictal symptoms were reported by 73% (n = 29) of participants and included mood/emotion symptoms, such as anxiety (30%, n = 12), depression (18%, n = 7), and anger (15%, n = 6), as well as cardinal symptoms, such as light sensitivity (13%, n = 5) and nausea (13%, n = 5).ConclusionsPatients experience a range of symptoms across the phases of the migraine cycle. Results often aligned with clinical expectations, but non‐cardinal migraine‐related symptoms were reported both inside and outside the headache phase, including between attacks. These discoveries highlight the importance of assessing a range of symptoms and timing when developing patient‐reported outcome measures for migraine clinical trials.
Trajectories of CD4 T‐cell count, CD8 T‐cell count, and CD4/CD8 ratio in patients with HIV and long‐term virological suppression based on Yunnan HIV cohort
Authors: Shu Yuanlu , Zhang Mi , Li Jianjian , Deng Xuemei , Liu Jiafa , Yang Cuixian , Dong Xingqi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate the trajectory of immunology in patients with HIV with different baseline CD4 T‐cell count strata after antiretroviral therapy (ART) under long‐term viral suppression.MethodsThis was a sub‐analysis focused on patients with virological suppression for at least 5 years after ART. Data were obtained from the Yunnan HIV cohort in China. Patients were categorized according to prespecified baseline CD4 T‐cell counts. The trajectories of CD4 T‐cell count, CD8 T‐cell count, and CD4/CD8 ratio changing over time were fitted using a B‐spline regression model. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association of baseline CD4 T‐cell count with the risk of both immunological responder (IR) and CD4/CD8 ratio normalization.ResultsA total of 2618 patients with a median follow‐up of 7.25 years (interquartile range [IQR] 5.92–8.75) were included. Over a period of 12 years, the mean CD4 T‐cell count remained above 500 cells/μL in all groups. The mean CD4/CD8 ratio was solely normalized in patients whose baseline CD4 T‐cell counts were above 350 cells/μL. Patients with higher baseline CD4 T‐cell counts showed higher risks of both IR and CD4/CD8 ratio normalization than those with the lowest (all p trend <0.001). A higher baseline CD4 T‐cell count predicted a shorter time for both IR and CD4/CD8 ratio normalization.ConclusionsLong‐term, sustained viral suppression may not be able to fully normalize immunological functions in patients with HIV. A high baseline CD4 T‐cell count benefits IR and CD4/CD8 ratio normalization.
Grading facial aging: Comparing the clinical assessments made by three dermatologists with those obtained by an AI‐based scoring system that analyses selfie pictures. A focus on Chinese subjects of both genders
Authors: Wang Wenna , Flament Frederic , Wang Hequn , Ye Chengda , Jiang Ruowei , Houghton Jeff , Liu Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess the correspondence, in live conditions, between clinical gradings of facial aging signs by three dermatologists and those afforded by an automatic AI‐based algorithm that analyses smartphones' selfie images of Chinese subjects.MethodsIn total, 125 Chinese subjects of both genders, aged 18–62y, took a selfie using their own smartphones and were immediately viewed by three dermatologists. The latter graded the severity of 15 facial signs in women and 9 in men, using the standardized values afforded by a Skin Aging Atlas referential dedicated to Asian skin. The data issued by both methodologies were then statistically compared.ResultsThe absolute gradings of the automatic system were found highly correlated with clinical assessments, with lower values in most cases. In women, large differences in absolute values were found on the gradings for size of isolated spot, cheek fold, spread macules, and texture of mouth contour women. Analysis of the Mean Absolute Errors (M.A.E) revealed that these rarely exceed 0.6 grading units in women and to a lesser extent in men.ConclusionThe present study confirmed the value of the automatic system towards an extended use towards large human cohorts as a surrogate of clinical evaluations and allowed to detect the points where improvements must be brought to the system.
Exploring the potential of cold plasma in Optimising quality and boosting antioxidant defence in fresh‐cut bamboo shoots
Authors: Liu Zhuhui , Zhang Tong , Zhou Haoyu , Xiao Gengsheng , Qin Wen , Liu Shuxiang , Liu Dongjie , Ma Lukai 
Published: September 2024

SummaryCold plasma (CP) is a promising technology for fresh‐cut fruits and vegetables. In this study, the effects of CP on postharvest senescence, especially from the perspective of oxidative response of fresh‐cut bamboo shoots were examined, including the colour, firmness, lignin content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and antioxidant enzymatic activities. CP treatments delayed the browning of bamboo shoots indicating by the increase of L* and b* values and decrease of a* value. The browning inhibition coincided with the reduction of PPO activities up to 62% by CP at 20 kV. Cellulose and lignin accumulated during storage. CP at 30 kV accelerated lignification, whereas CP at 10 and 20 kV inhibited the increase. These results were also reflected by PAL, CAD and POD activities that were enhanced by CP at 30 kV and inhibited by CP at 10 and 20 kV. The content of O2− and H2O2 was significantly increased at the first 3 days and decreased afterwards, with a similar trend of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT. As smaller increases in H2O2 and O2− production in CP treated samples than in control were probably attributed to elevated CP‐induced SOD activity. In addition, there was a delay effect observed in the internal parts of bamboo shoots compared with the surface (<5 mm thick). CP extended the shelf‐life of bamboo shoots by triggering the antioxidant defence. CP at 20 kV exhibited the best preservative effect on fresh‐cut bamboo shoots.
Extracting knowledge from customer reviews: an integrated framework for digital platform analytics
Authors: Kyriakidis Anastasios , Tsafarakis Stelios 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOnline review sites play a crucial role in shaping consumer purchasing decisions, making the analysis of customer feedback essential for businesses. Given the complexity of these reviews, often including both quantitative and qualitative data, advanced analytical frameworks are necessary. To this end, this paper introduces an integrated framework for customer feedback analysis, combining aspect‐based sentiment analysis, multicriteria decision‐making, and a fuzzy rule‐based approach. The proposed system effectively processes both textual and numerical data from online reviews, enabling the extraction of actionable insights. To demonstrate its practical utility, we apply it to a real‐world dataset from a major European airline. The results illustrate the framework's effectiveness in identifying key factors influencing customer satisfaction and pinpointing areas needing improvement. Additionally, data‐driven recommendations are provided to support business decision‐making and enable the customization of products and services to better meet customer expectations.