bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial Association of Granulocyte‐Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor Autoantibodies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Wright Sandra S. , Trauernicht Anna , Bonkowski Erin , McCall Courtney A. , Maier Elizabeth A. , Bezold Ramona , Lake Kathleen , Chalk Claudia , Trapnell Bruce C. , Kim Mi‐Ok , Kugathasan Subra , Denson Lee A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:Elevated granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor auto‐antibodies (GM‐CSF Ab) are associated with increased intestinal permeability and stricturing behavior in Crohn disease (CD). We tested for familial association of serum GM‐CSF Ab level in CD and ulcerative colitis (UC) families.Methods:Serum GM‐CSF Ab concentration was determined in 230 pediatric CD probands and 404 of their unaffected parents and siblings, and 45 UC probands and 71 of their unaffected parents and siblings. A linear mixed effects model was used to test for familial association. The intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine the degree of association of the serum GM‐CSF Ab level within families in comparison with the degree of association among families.Results:The median (IQR) serum GM‐CSF Ab concentration was higher in CD probands than in UC probands (1.5 [0.5,5.4] μg/mL vs 0.7 [0.3, 1.6] μg/mL, P = 0.0002). The frequency of elevated serum GM‐CSF Ab concentration ≥1.6 μg/mL was increased in unaffected siblings of CD probands with elevated GM‐CSF Ab, compared with unaffected siblings of CD probands without elevated GM‐CSF Ab (33% vs 13%, respectively, P = 0.04). A similar result was observed within UC families. In families of CD patients, the mean (95th CI) ICC was equal to 0.153 (0.036, 0.275), P = 0.001, whereas in families of UC patients, the mean (95th CI) ICC was equal to 0.27 (0.24, 0.31), P = 0.047.Conclusions:These data confirmed familial association of serum GM‐CSF Ab levels. This could be accounted for by either genetic or environmental factors shared within the family.
Yield of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Children and Adolescent With Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis
Authors: Singh Sumit Kumar , Srivastava Anshu , Rai Praveer , Yachha Surender K. , Poddar Ujjal 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an established tool for evaluation of adults with acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) whereas data in pediatrics is limited. Our study assessed the role of EUS in identifying etiology including changes of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in children and adolescents with ARP.Methods:Children with ARP (≥2 episodes of acute pancreatitis [AP]) were prospectively evaluated with a detailed clinical proforma and EUS. Subjects with known etiology of ARP or CP on ultrasonography/computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP, Cambridge grade ≥3) were excluded. Parenchymal and ductal changes on EUS as per minimal standards terminology (MST) features were noted.Results:Thirty‐two children (22 boys, age 14 [8–18] years) with ARP (median of 3 [2–5] episodes of AP) were enrolled. EUS was safe and technically successful in all. Gall bladder sludge was found in 1 (3%) case and none had other pancreatobiliary structural abnormalities. EUS diagnosis of CP (≥4 features) was made in 10/32 (31%) cases. Subjects with CP on EUS had a longer disease duration than those without CP (45 [10–97] vs 22 [8–78] months; P = ns). MRCP was normal in 28 and showed pancreas divisum in 1 case. Three cases had equivocal (Cambridge II) changes at initial MRCP and 2 of them had repeat MRCP, which showed definite (Cambridge IV) CP. All these 3 cases had CP on EUS.Conclusions:EUS diagnosed CP (≥4 features) in 31% and biliary abnormality in 3% children with ARP. EUS is safe, sensitive, and useful for early diagnosis of CP in children with ARP.
Interdisciplinary Guidelines for Care of Women Presenting to the Emergency Department With Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Catlin Anita 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In April 2016, the National Perinatal Association and Kaiser Permanente Northern California Nursing Research Community Benefits Grant sponsored an interdisciplinary summit to explore the needs of women who present with actual or potential pregnancy loss to the emergency department (ED). Thirty-two experts in the field of pregnancy loss, 17 of whom represented their professional organizations, participated. These experts, which included nurses, physicians, social workers, counselors, authors, and parents, worked together to create guidelines for care of women with a pregnancy loss in the ED. Recommendations for ED healthcare providers are included. Emergency department personnel agreed that improvements in care could be offered and were willing to endorse education for their staff. The guidelines delineate how to better provide physical, emotional, and bereavement support at any stage of gestational loss. Administrative support for policies in the ED is essential to ensure the delivery of family-centered, culturally sensitive practices when a pregnancy ends.
Higher Levels of a Cytotoxic Protein, Vaginolysin, in Lactobacillus-Deficient Community State Types at the Vaginal Mucosa
Authors: Nowak Rebecca G. , Randis Tara M. , Desai Purnahamsi , He Xin , Robinson Courtney K. , Rath Jessica M. , Glover Elbert D. , Ratner Adam J. , Ravel Jacques , Brotman Rebecca M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Vaginolysin (VLY), a cytotoxic protein produced by Gardnerella vaginalis, may contribute to bacterial vaginosis. We observed that women with G. vaginalis, low levels of lactobacilli, history of vaginal douching, higher Nugent scores, and higher vaginal pH had increased VLY. Inflammatory markers were not highly expressed with increasing VLY. Vaginolysin's role in bacterial vaginosis warrants further evaluation.
Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Pediatric Cardiac Population: In Search of a Standard of Care*
Authors: Lasa Javier J. , Jain Parag , Raymond Tia T. , Minard Charles G. , Topjian Alexis , Nadkarni Vinay , Gaies Michael , Bembea Melania , Checchia Paul A. , Shekerdemian Lara S. , Thiagarajan Ravi 
Published: December 2017

Objectives:
Although clinical and pharmacologic guidelines exist for the practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children (Pediatric Advanced Life Support), the practice of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pediatric cardiac patients remains without universally accepted standards. We aim to explore variation in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures by surveying clinicians who care for this high-risk patient population.

Design:
A 28-item cross-sectional survey was distributed via a web-based platform to clinicians focusing on cardiopulmonary resuscitation practices and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation team dynamics immediately prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation.

Settings:
Pediatric hospitals providing extracorporeal mechanical support services to patients with congenital and/or acquired heart disease.

Subjects:
Critical care/cardiology specialist physicians, cardiothoracic surgeons, advanced practice nurse practitioners, respiratory therapists, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation specialists.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Survey web links were distributed over a 2-month period with critical care and/or cardiology physicians comprising the majority of respondents (75%). Nearly all respondents practice at academic/teaching institutions (97%), 89% were from U.S./Canadian institutions and 56% reported less than 10 years of clinical experience. During extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a majority of respondents reported adherence to guideline recommendations for epinephrine bolus dosing (64%). Conversely, 19% reported using only one to three epinephrine bolus doses regardless of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration. Inotropic support is held after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation “most of the time” by 58% of respondents and 94% report using afterload reducing/antihypertensive agents “some” to “most of the time” after achieving full extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Interruptions in chest compressions are common during active cannulation according to 77% of respondents.

Conclusions:
The results of this survey identify wide variability in resuscitative practices during extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the pediatric cardiac population. The deviations from established Pediatric Advanced Life Support CPR guidelines support a call for further inquiry into the pharmacologic and logistical care surrounding extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Immediate Effects of Simultaneous Application of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Ultrasound Phonophoresis on Active Myofascial Trigger Points
Authors: Takla Mary Kamal Nassif , Rezk-Allah Soheir Shethata 
Published: December 2017

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of phonophoresis with combined therapy on active myofascial trigger points.

Participants
One hundred participants with acute mechanical neck pain and at least one active myofascial trigger point in the upper trapezius were randomly assigned into four equal groups.

Intervention
Groups consisted of diclofenac phonophoresis with combined therapy, diclofenac phonophoresis, ultrasound (US) with coupling gel, and sham US and applied for 10 mins over myofascial trigger points.

Measurements
Measurements included pressure pain threshold and active cervical lateral flexion.

Results
There were statistically significant improvements in postintervention pressure pain threshold and range of motion values in treatment groups (P < 0.0001). As for the sham US, no significant difference was found between the preintervention and postintervention values (P > 0.05). Bonferroni correction test revealed that there was a significant difference between all the four groups in pressure pain threshold values (P < 0.0001); however, it was nonsignificant (P > 0.05) for range of motion.

Conclusions
Diclofenac phonophoresis with combined therapy, phonophoresis, and US were all effective in increasing pressure pain threshold values and range of motion. In addition, phonophoresis with combined therapy was shown to be superior over phonophoresis, and phonophoresis was superior over US in terms of reducing pain sensitivity. However, none of the treatment groups were found to be superior over the other in increasing range of motion.
Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of coma and acute kidney injury complicating falciparum malaria
Authors: Plewes Katherine , Turner Gareth D.H. , Dondorp Arjen M. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review
Cerebral impairment and acute kidney injury (AKI) are independent predictors of mortality in both adults and children with severe falciparum malaria. In this review, we present recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of these complications of severe malaria, and discuss future areas of research.

Recent findings
Cerebral malaria and AKI are serious and well recognized complications of severe malaria. Common pathophysiological pathways include impaired microcirculation, due to sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes, systemic inflammatory responses, and endothelial activation. Recent MRI studies show significant brain swelling in both adults and children with evidence of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome-like syndrome although targeted interventions including mannitol and dexamethasone are not beneficial. Recent work shows association of cell-free hemoglobin oxidation stress involved in the pathophysiology of AKI in both adults and children. Paracetamol protected renal function likely by inhibiting cell-free-mediated oxidative stress. It is unclear if heme-mediated endothelial activation or oxidative stress is involved in cerebral malaria.

Summary
The direct causes of cerebral and kidney dysfunction remain incompletely understood. Optimal treatment involves prompt diagnosis and effective antimalarial treatment with artesunate. Renal replacement therapy reduces mortality in AKI but delayed diagnosis is an issue.
Metal Artifact–Free and Dose-Efficient Computed Tomography Imaging of a Cardiac Prosthetic Valve Using Spectral Shaping of the X-ray Beam: A Case Report
Authors: Schabel Christoph , Sekaran Nishant K. , Wang Andrew , Hurwitz Lynne 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Bioprosthetic valve (BPV) thrombosis can be challenging to diagnose with cardiac computed tomography owing to metal artifacts of the BPV. In this case report, an optimized metal artifact reduction protocol using a third-generation dual-source multidetector computed tomographic scanner with high kVp (Sn150kVp) and tin (Sn) filtration and high temporal resolution yielded high-quality, artifact-free, dynamic images of a thrombosed mitral BPV.
SUV as a Possible Predictor of Disease Extent and Therapy Duration in Complex Tuberculosis
Authors: Lang David , Huber Helmut , Kaiser Bernhard , Virgolini Irene , Lamprecht Bernd , Gabriel Michael 
Published: December 2017

Objective

18F-FDG PET/CT provides information on disease extension and activity in neoplastic and inflammatory conditions. So far, little is known about whether SUVmax of a reference lesion can allow a prognosis to be given regarding patient-specific outcome parameters in complex cases of tuberculosis (TB).

Methods
We retrospectively identified 37 patients (21 men, 16 women; mean age, 50.4 years) who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for the evaluation of active TB before treatment initiation. The aims were to examine whether the reference lesion SUVmax differed between patients with standard (≤9 months) and long-term (>9 months) therapy and to define an SUVmax cutoff distinguishing those groups. In addition, we analyzed the prognostic value of SUVmax with regard to estimation of initial disease extent and lesion distribution pattern.

Results
Median therapy duration was 10 months (interquartile range, 3.25 months), and median SUVmax was 8 (interquartile range, 8.54). SUVmax was significantly (P = 0.036) higher in patients treated longer than 9 months (10.1 vs 5.5). When applying a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, an SUVmax cutoff value of 10 differentiated the standard and the long-term therapy group with a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 78.6% (P = 0.087). Higher SUVmax corresponded with a larger number of affected organ systems (P = 0.012 for ≤/>1). Patients with extrathoracic involvement showed significantly higher SUVmax than did patients with limited intrathoracic disease (P = 0.024) and received significantly longer antimycobacterial therapy (P = 0.011).

Conclusions
Reference lesion SUVmax from pretherapy 18F-FDG PET/CT may have prognostic properties in complicated cases of TB, especially regarding therapy duration and disease extent.
Unexpected Detection of Urethral Stone on 18F-NaF PET/CT
Authors: Shao Fuqiang , Chen Li , Wang Yu , Zhang Shumao , Chen Yue 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A 48-year-old man was referred for an 18F-NaF PET/CT to examine his lower back pain. The images did not identify any osseous lesion. Unexpectedly, the images showed elevated activity in a urethral stone. The patient received urinary surgery for stone removal.
Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis: Algorithm of Treatment
Authors: Fariña Rodrigo , Canto Loreto , Gunckel Renato , Alister Juan Pablo , Uribe Francisca 
Published: December 2017

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis, according to age of onset, causes severe functional and morphological disorders, as well as stunted craniofacial growth and development.
The primary goal of treatment is to resolve the functional and morphological disorders.

Method:
Pre- and posttreatment clinical and cephalometric registries were conducted in 15 patients with temporomandibular joint ankylosis over a 10-year period (2002–2012). All the patients underwent complete removal of the ankylotic block, gap arthroplasty, and ipsilateral coronoidectomy. Distraction osteogenesis was performed on 12 patients.

Results:
Fifteen patients, 8 female and 7 male, ranging from 3 to 30 years of age, were included in this study. The posttreatment follow-up period ranged from 3 to 13 years.
The mean preoperative maximum mouth opening was 3 ± 1.7 mm, and the mean postoperative maximum mouth opening was 36 ± 6.5 mm. The labial inclination with respect to the true horizontal decreased considerably (6.2° ± 2.3° preoperative to 1° ± 1.6° postoperative). A correction of the mandibular deviation was measured at the symphysis with respect to the facial midline (8° ± 2° preoperative to 2° postoperative). Finally, the height ratio of both mandibular rami (the healthy side and the affected side) decreased considerably (1.27 ± 0.05 preoperative to 1.07 ± 0.06 postoperative).
Reankylosis only occurred in 2 patients, who were then successfully treated by means of gap arthroplasty.

Conclusions:
The therapeutic algorithm proposed in the present work provides favorable functional and morphological results. Early and aggressive functional physiotherapy is essential to minimize the risk of reankylosis.
Opioid Use After Discharge in Postoperative Patients
Authors: Feinberg Adina E. , Chesney Tyler R. , Srikandarajah Sanjho , Acuna Sergio A. , McLeod Robin S. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Over the past 2 decades, there has been an increase in opioid use and subsequently, opioid deaths. The amount of opioid prescribed to surgical patients has also increased. The aim of this systematic review was to determine postdischarge opioid consumption in surgical patients compared with the amount of opioid prescribed. Secondary outcomes included adequacy of pain control and disposal methods for unused opioids.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to characterize postdischarge opioid consumption and prescription patterns in surgical patients.

Methods:
A systematic search in MEDLINE and EMBASE identified 11 patient survey studies reporting on postdischarge opioid use in 3525 surgical patients.

Results:
The studies reported on a variety of surgical operations, including abdominal surgery, orthopedic procedures, tooth extraction, and dermatologic procedures. The majority of patients consumed 15 pills or less postdischarge. The proportion of used opioids ranged from 5.6% to 59.1%, with an outlier of 90.1% in pediatric spinal fusion patients. Measured pain scores of those taking opioids ranged between 2 and 5 out of 10 and the majority of patients were satisfied with their pain control. Seventy percent of patients kept the excess opioids. Where planned disposal methods were reported, between 4% and 59% of patients planned proper disposal.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that surgical patients are using substantially less opioid than prescribed. There is a lack of awareness regarding proper disposal of leftover medication, leaving excess opioid that may be used inappropriately by the patient or others. Education for providers and clinical practice guidelines that provide guidance on prescription of outpatient of opioids are required.
Comparison of Endoscopic Ultrasonography Guided Biliary Drainage and Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage in the Management of Malignant Obstructive Jaundice After Failed ERCP
Authors: Huang Ping , Zhang Hao , Zhang Xiao-Feng , Lv Wen , Lou Songmei 
Published: December 2017

Aims:
The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography guided biliary drainage and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in the management of malignant obstructive jaundice after failed ERCP.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the data of 66 consecutive patients with malignant obstructive jaundice admitted to our hospital between January 2014 and January 2016. Patients were performed endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary drainage in 36 cases (group A) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in 30 cases (group B) according to the results of the draw. Data on the following variables were compared between the 2 groups: the technical success rate, the clinical success rate, complications, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs.

Results:
There was statistically significant difference in the clinical success rate (88.89% vs. 66.67%; χ2=4.84), complications (5.56% vs. 23.33%; χ2=4.39), length of hospital stay (11.54±3.73 d vs. 15.68±6.56 d; t=8.17) and hospital costs (23.52±8.44 thousand yuan vs. 32.81±6.06 thousand yuan; t=16.28) (P<0.05) between group A and group B. The technical success rate was higher in groups A than that in group B, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (94.44% vs. 86.67%; χ2=1.20; P>0.05).

Conclusions:
In the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice, endoscopic ultrasonography guided biliary drainage is safer and more effective than percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage when performed by experienced practitioners after failed ERCP. Its more widespread use is recommended.
Palliative care needs of heart failure patients in China: putting people first
Authors: Guo Ping , Harding Richard , Higginson Irene J. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review
Recognizing the rising prevalence of heart failure in China, patients with heart failure have substantial palliative needs. This review highlights recent evidence on the epidemic of heart failure, identifies needs and potential benefit of palliative care in heart failure, and sets future strategic policy and research directions in China.

Recent findings
Epidemiological studies demonstrate the prevalence of heart failure among women is higher than men in China and increases substantially with age. However, few studies have addressed the palliative needs of Chinese heart failure patients. The main themes from this review include: Healthcare providers should be culturally sensitive whenever assessing symptoms and needs. Locally validated, brief outcome measures are called for to identify symptoms and needs of Chinese heart failure patients. Palliative care should be better integrated into the management of heart failure through increased training for healthcare providers, policy development, financial support, and cultural acceptance of palliative care.

Summary
Large-scale epidemiological studies are urgently needed to assess the current situation of heart failure in China, alongside interventional studies to drive the development of innovative palliative care services to address the needs of Chinese heart failure patients.
Heat shock protein 90: its inhibition and function
Authors: Zuehlke Abbey D. , Moses Michael A. , Neckers Len 
Published: December 2017

The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) facilitates metastable protein maturation, stabilization of aggregation-prone proteins, quality control of misfolded proteins and assists in keeping proteins in activation-competent conformations. Proteins that rely on Hsp90 for function are delivered to Hsp90 utilizing a co-chaperone–assisted cycle. Co-chaperones play a role in client transfer to Hsp90, Hsp90 ATPase regulation and stabilization of various Hsp90 conformational states. Many of the proteins chaperoned by Hsp90 (Hsp90 clients) are essential for the progression of various diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as viral and bacterial infections. Given the importance of these clients in different diseases and their dynamic interplay with the chaperone machinery, it has been suggested that targeting Hsp90 and its respective co-chaperones may be an effective method for combating a large range of illnesses.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Heat shock proteins as modulators and therapeutic targets of chronic disease: an integrated perspective’.