bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing Comparability Between Retrospective Life History Data and Prospective Birth Cohort Study Data
Authors: Jivraj Stephen , Goodman Alissa , Ploubidis George B , de Oliveira Cesar 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objectives
To determine whether comparable prospective and retrospective data present the same association between childhood and life course exposures and mid-life wellbeing.

Method
Prospective data is taken from the 1958 UK National Child Development Study at age 50 in 2008 and earlier sweeps (n = 8,033). Retrospective data is taken from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing at ages 50–55 from a life history interview in 2007 (n = 921).

Results
There is a high degree of similarity in the direction of association between childhood exposures that have been prospectively collected in National Child Development Study and retrospectively collected in English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and wellbeing outcomes in mid-life. However, the magnitude of these associations is attenuated substantially by the inclusion of measurements, which are difficult or impossible to capture retrospectively, and are only available in prospective data, such as childhood poverty, cognitive ability, and indices of social and emotional adjustment.

Discussion
The findings on the one hand provide some reassurance to the growing literature using life history data to determine life course associations with later life wellbeing. On the other hand, the findings show an overestimation in the retrospective data, in part, arising from the absence in life history data of childhood measures that are not well suited to retrospective collection.
Mitochondrial replacement in an iPSC model of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy
Authors: Wong Raymond C.B. , Lim Shiang Y. , Hung Sandy S.C. , Jackson Stacey , Khan Shahnaz , Van Bergen Nicole J. , De Smit Elisabeth , Liang Helena H. , Kearns Lisa S , Clarke Linda , Mackey David A. , Hewitt Alex W. , Trounce Ian A. , Pébay Alice 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCybrid technology was used to replace Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) causing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations from patient-specific fibroblasts with wildtype mtDNA, and mutation-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated subsequently. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation demonstrates increased cell death in LHON-RGCs and can be rescued in cybrid corrected RGCs.
Individual heterogeneity and capture-recapture models: what, why and how?
Authors: Gimenez Olivier , Cam Emmanuelle , Gaillard Jean-Michel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractVariation between and within individuals in life history traits is ubiquitous in natural populations. When affecting fitness-related traits such as survival or reproduction, individual heterogeneity plays a key role in population dynamics and life history evolution. However, it is only recently that properly accounting for individual heterogeneity when studying population dynamics of free-ranging populations has been made possible through the development of appropriate statistical models. We aim here to review case studies of individual heterogeneity in the context of capture-recapture models for the estimation of population size and demographic parameters with imperfect detection. First, we define what individual heterogeneity means and clarify the terminology used in the literature. Second, we review the literature and illustrate why individual heterogeneity is used in capture-recapture studies by focusing on the detection of life-history trade-offs, including senescence. Third, we explain how to model individual heterogeneity in capture-recapture models and provide the code to fit these models (https://github.com/oliviergimenez/indhet_in_CRmodels). The distinction is made between situations in which heterogeneity is actually measured and situations in which part of the heterogeneity remains unobserved. Regarding the latter, we outline recent developments of random-effect models and finite-mixture models. Finally, we discuss several avenues for future research.
Replication defective viral genomes exploit a cellular pro-survival mechanism to establish paramyxovirus persistence
Authors: Xu Jie , Sun Yan , Li Yize , Ruthel Gordon , Weiss Susan R. , Raj Arjun , Beiting Daniel , López Carolina B. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTReplication defective viral genomes (DVGs) generated during virus replication are the primary triggers of antiviral immunity in many RNA virus infections. However, DVGs can also facilitate viral persistence. Why and how these two opposing functions of DVGs are achieved remain unknown. Here we report that during Sendai and respiratory syncytial virus infections DVGs selectively protect a subpopulation of cells from death and promote the establishment of persistent infections. We find that during Sendai virus infection this phenotype results from DVGs stimulating a MAVS-mediated TNF response that drives apoptosis of highly infected cells while extending the survival of cells enriched in DVGs. The pro-survival effect of TNF depends on the activity of the TNFR2/TRAF1 pathway that is regulated by MAVS signaling. These results identify TNF as a pivotal factor in determining cell fate during a viral infection and delineate a MAVS/TNFR2-mediated mechanism that drives the persistence of otherwise acute viruses.
Genome Wide Association Analyses Based on Broadly Different Specifications for Prior Distributions, Genomic Windows, and Estimation Methods
Authors: Chen Chunyu , Steibel Juan P. , Tempelman Robert J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA popular strategy (EMMAX) for genome wide association (GWA) analysis fits all marker effects as classical random effects (i.e., Gaussian prior) by which association for the specific marker of interest is inferred by treating its effect as fixed. It seems more statistically coherent to specify all markers as sharing the same prior distribution, whether it is Gaussian, heavy-tailed (BayesA), or has variable selection specifications based on a mixture of, say, two Gaussian distributions (SSVS). Furthermore, all such GWA inference should be formally based on posterior probabilities or test statistics as we present here, rather than merely being based on point estimates. We compared these three broad categories of priors within a simulation study to investigate the effects of different degrees of skewness for quantitative trait loci (QTL) effects and numbers of QTL using 43,266 SNP marker genotypes from 922 Duroc-Pietrain F2 cross pigs. Genomic regions were based either on single SNP associations, on non-overlapping windows of various fixed sizes (0.5 to 3 Mb) or on adaptively determined windows that cluster the genome into blocks based on linkage disequilibrium (LD). We found that SSVS and BayesA lead to the best receiver operating curve properties in almost all cases. We also evaluated approximate marginal a posteriori (MAP) approaches to BayesA and SSVS as potential computationally feasible alternatives; however, MAP inferences were not promising, particularly due to their sensitivity to starting values. We determined that it is advantageous to use variable selection specifications based on adaptively constructed genomic window lengths for GWA studies.SUMMARYGenome wide association (GWA) analyses strategies have been improved by simultaneously fitting all marker effects when inferring upon any single marker effect, with the most popular distributional assumption being normality. Using data generated from 43,266 genotypes on 922 Duroc-Pietrain F2 cross pigs, we demonstrate that GWA studies could particularly benefit from more flexible heavy-tailed or variable selection distributional assumptions. Furthermore, these associations should not just be based on single markers or even genomic windows of markers of fixed physical distances (0.5 − 3.0 Mb) but based on adaptively determined genomic windows using linkage disequilibrium information.
Anatomical and functional organization of the human substantia nigra and its connections
Authors: Zhang Yu , Larcher Kevin , Misic Bratislav , Dagher Alain 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe investigated the anatomical and functional organization of the human substantia nigra (SN) using diffusion and functional MRI data from the Human Connectome Project. We identified a tripartite connectivity-based parcellation of SN with a limbic, cognitive and motor arrangement. The medial SN connects with limbic striatal and cortical regions and encodes value (greater response to monetary wins than losses during fMRI), while the ventral SN connects with associative regions of cortex and striatum and encodes salience (equal response to wins and losses). The lateral SN connects with somatomotor regions of striatum and cortex and also encodes salience. Connectivity within the value-coding medial SN network was associated with a measure of decisional impulsivity, while the salience-coding ventral SN network was associated with motor impulsivity. In sum, there is anatomical and functional heterogeneity of human SN, and separate SN networks underpin value versus salience coding, and impulsive choice versus impulsive action.
Polygenicity and epistasis underlie fitness-proximal traits in theCaenorhabditis elegansmultiparental experimental evolution (CeMEE) panel
Authors: Noble Luke M. , Chelo Ivo , Guzella Thiago , Afonso Bruno , Riccardi David D. , Ammerman Patrick , Dayarian Adel , Carvalho Sara , Crist Anna , Pino-Querido Ania , Shraiman Boris , Rockman Matthew V. , Teotónio Henrique 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the genetic basis of complex traits remains a major challenge in biology. Polygenicity, phenotypic plasticity and epistasis contribute to phenotypic variance in ways that are rarely clear. This uncertainty is problematic for estimating heritability, for predicting individual phenotypes from genomic data, and for parameterizing models of phenotypic evolution. Here we report a recombinant inbred line (RIL) quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping panel for the hermaphroditic nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans, theC. elegansmultiparental experimental evolution (CeMEE) panel. The CeMEE panel, comprising 507 RILs, was created by hybridization of 16 wild isolates, experimental evolution at moderate population sizes and predominant outcrossing for 140-190 generations, and inbreeding by selfing for 13-16 generations. The panel contains 22% of single nucleotide polymorphisms known to segregate in natural populations, and complements existing mapping resources forC. elegansby providing high nucleotide diversity across >95% of the genome. We apply it to study the genetic basis of two fitness components, fertility and hermaphrodite body size at time of reproduction, with high broad sense heritability in the CeMEE. While simulations show we should detect common alleles with additive effects as small as 5%, at gene-level resolution, the genetic architectures of these traits does not feature such alleles. We instead find that a significant fraction of trait variance, particularly for fertility, can be explained by sign epistasis with weak main effects. In congruence, phenotype prediction, while generally poor (r2< 10%), requires modeling epistasis for optimal accuracy, with most variance attributed to the highly recombinant, rapidly evolving chromosome arms.
Has Sarbanes-Oxley standardized audit quality?
Authors: Hoag Matthew , Myring Mark , Schroeder Joe 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the institutional changes accompanying the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) have standardized the audit’s role in the overall financial reporting process, thereby reducing the impact of auditor characteristics on financial reporting quality.

Design/methodology/approach
To test this hypothesis, the association between audit quality characteristics (auditor size and industry expertise) and measures of financial reporting quality (analyst earning forecast dispersion and accuracy) are estimated using regression analysis. Results of this analysis are compared across the pre- and post-SOX periods.

Findings
The results of the study document a significant relationship between auditor size (Big N vs non-Big N) and financial reporting quality (as proxied by analyst earnings forecast properties) during the pre-SOX period but not in the post-SOX period. Auditor industry expertise is significantly associated with financial reporting quality throughout the entire sample period. Thus, financial reporting quality continues to be dependent on the degree of specialization of an audit firm in both the pre- and post-SOX periods; however, the impact of auditor size as a surrogate for quality has diminished.

Originality/value
The SOX Act of 2002 represented one of the most significant changes in the regulation of audits. This paper adds to the literature by examining the Act’s effects on financial professionals’ perception of the impact of audit firm characteristics on their client’s financial reporting quality.
When will firms share information and collaborate to achieve innovation?
Authors: Li Mo , Nguyen Bang 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to provide academics and practitioners working with collaboration of technology information and innovation with a review of key interfirm-collaboration topics, such as the determinants of innovation activity, innovation, imitation, the impact of competition, collaboration versus competition and a review of game theoretic approaches.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a comprehensive review of extant literature, conducted and analyzed systematically.FindingsThis paper highlights that when firms absorb collaboration opportunities that involves information, there are critical elements for success, which need to be considered, including economies of scale, knowledge sharing, market size and volatility, strategic partner selection, intellectual property rights, spillover effects, collaboration costs, trust and commitment, opportunism and overall collaboration strategy.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to existing information literature by emphasizing various game theoretic approaches, which highlight how collaboration costs are shared when collaboration occurs. In conclusion, ten managerial implications are offered about collaboration of information technological innovation.
Performance implications of board size, composition and activity: empirical evidence from the Indian banking sector
Authors: Mayur Manas , Saravanan Palanisamy 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the performance implications of board size, composition and frequency of board meetings on the performance of banks.Design/methodology/approachThe performance of banks is assessed on various parameters such as return on assets (ROA), Tobin’s Q, non-performing asset ratio (NPA ratio) and the net write-off ratio (NWO ratio). The effects of changes in board size and composition and frequency of meetings on the performance of banks are investigated using feasible generalized least square (FGLS) estimation of panel data covering a time span of five years concerning 40 banks incorporated in India. Frequency of board meetings is taken as a proxy for board activity and involvement. The authors have also tested for endogeneity issues in the model.FindingsA curvilinear relationship was found between the board size and performance of banks. The authors have modelled a cubic form of the relationship for Indian banks. The authors’ findings indicate that an increase in board size is associated with better bank performance within both low and high board size ranges. Alternatively, increased board size is negatively associated with bank performance in the intermediate board size range. The study did not find any significant relationship between performance and frequency of board meetings and board composition.Research limitations/implicationsThe behavioural variables reflecting the involvement of the board have not been incorporated in the model to determine the impact of board involvement on the performance of banks owing to the availability of data. It is hoped that this paper will be useful for major regulatory bodies such as the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Company Law Board (CLB) and stock exchanges in India and other emerging economies in devising listing norms and other governance-related aspects.Originality/valueNon-linear relationships between the board size and performance are not normally prevalent in emerging economies, especially in the banking sector. However, such a relationship exists among the Indian banks. This paper is the first of its kind to identify and address the same.
The relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and IFRS 7 compliance: evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Agyei-Mensah Ben Kwame 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate compliance with risk disclosure requirements under International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS 7) by firms listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) over a three-year period. Specifically, the paper examines the extent, quality and determinants of risk disclosure compliance with IFRS 7.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses 90 firm-year observations for the period 2011-2013 for firms listed on the GSE. Each annual report was individually examined and coded to obtain the extent and quality of corporate risk disclosure index. Descriptive analysis was performed to provide the background statistics of the variables examined. This was followed by regression analysis, which forms the main data analysis.

Findings
The results indicate that over the three years, the extent of compliance with IFRS 7 is, on average, 53 per cent, which is very low; the quality of the disclosures is, on average, 33 per cent, which is also very low. The regression results suggest that proportion of non-executive director (PNED) is significantly and positively associated with the extent of risk disclosure compliance under IFRS 7. Board size was found to be significantly and positively associated with quality of risks disclosure compliance.

Originality/value
This is the first study in Ghana that considered the impact of corporate governance factors on the extent and quality of IFRS 7 risk disclosure compliance. The findings of this study will help market regulators in Ghana in evaluating the adequacy of the risk disclosures by listed firms.
Ownership structure and financial performance in European football
Authors: Acero Isabel , Serrano Raúl , Dimitropoulos Panagiotis 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the relationship between ownership structure and financial performance in the five major European football leagues from 2007-2008 to 2012-2013 and examine the impact of the financial fair play (FFP) regulation.Design/methodology/approachThe sample used comprises 94 teams that participated in the major European competitions: German Bundesliga, Ligue 1 of France, Spanish Liga, English Premier League and the Italian Serie A. The estimation technique used is panel-corrected standard errors.FindingsThe results confirm an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between ownership structure and financial performance as a consequence of both monitoring and expropriation effects. Moreover, the results show that after FFP regulation, the monitoring effect disappears and only the expropriation effect remains.Research limitations/implicationsThe lack of transparency of the information provided by some teams has limited the sample size.Practical implicationsOne of the main issues that the various regulating bodies of the industry should address is the introduction of a code of good practice, not only for aspects related to the transparency of financial information but also to require greater transparency in the information concerning corporate governance.Social implicationsRegulating bodies could also consider other additional control instruments based on corporate governance, such as for example, corporate governance practices, corporate governance codes, greater transparency, control of the boards of directors, etc.Originality/valueThis study tries to provide direct evidence of the impact of large majority investors in the clubs and FFP regulation on the financial performance of football clubs.
The concept of managerial discretion in corporate governance – better off without it?
Authors: Andersen Jon Aarum 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to assess the concept of managerial discretion with respect to its theoretical and empirical usefulness for corporate governance research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper scrutinises applied theoretical claims, definitions and methods, as well as a number of empirical studies on managerial discretion.FindingsTo date, no empirical definition of the concept has been presented and no measurement has been developed and tested for reliability and validity that contains all three factors of the managerial discretion concept, as proposed by Hambrick and Finkelstein (1987).Practical implicationsResearch on managerial discretion does not provide owners and directors of boards with any advice on granting top managers a high or low degree of discretion.Originality/valueThis paper concludes that corporate governance scholarship will improve if it abandons the concept of managerial discretion.
You see Froot, you think fruit: examining the effectiveness of pseudohomophone priming
Authors: Baxter Stacey , Ilicic Jasmina , Kulczynski Alicia 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce pseudohomophone phonological priming effects (non-words that sound like real words with a single semantic representation, such as Whyte primes white) on consumers’ product attribute and benefit-based judgments.Design/methodology/approachFour studies were conducted. Study 1 examines whether pseudohomophone brand names (e.g. Whyte) prime associative meaning (i.e. the perception of light bread; target: white). Study 2 investigates the pseudohomophone priming process. In Study 3, the authors examine the influence of brand knowledge of pseudohomophone priming effects.FindingsThe findings indicate that pseudohomophone brand names prime associative meaning, due to retrieval of phonology (sound) of the word during processing. Pseudohomophone priming effects for a semantically (meaningful) incongruent brand name manifest only when consumers do not have knowledge of the brand, with cognitive capacity constraints rendering consumers with strong brand knowledge unable to mitigate the pseudohomophone priming effect.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has implications for brand managers considering the creation of a name for a new brand that connotes product attributes and benefits. However, this research is limited, as it only examines pseudohomophone brand names with a single semantic representation.Originality/valueThis research shows that sounds activated by pseudohomophones in brand names can influence product judgments. This research also identifies limitations of the applicability of pseudohomophone brand names by identifying a condition under which priming effects are attenuated.