bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memoria Histórica Militar en Colombia = Military historical memory in Colombia
Authors: Castillo Castañeda Alberto 
Published: January 2018

Resumen: El siguiente trabajo intenta abordar de manera descriptiva la Memoria Histórica Militar en Colombia con el objetivo de poder determinar cuál será su conformación y llegar a establecer una posible categorización de la misma por medio del análisis crítico de entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas logrando identificar los lugares comunes que podrían establecer límites y alcances tanto de la temporalidad como del espacio social. En este sentido, en primer lugar, se hace una aproximación conceptual y teórica a la memoria histórica para introducir los niveles de memoria. Posteriormente, en segundo lugar, se hace un análisis de las herramientas jurídicas nacionales e internacionales del Derecho a la Memoria y especialmente, se hace énfasis en el Deber de Memoria de las Fuerzas Militares como organismo público. Finalmente, a partir de una posible categorización se intentará determinar los niveles de la memoria institucional, con sus potencialidades y limitaciones, para responder qué memoria histórica militar se está construyendo en Colombia para preservar su identidad e integridad. Abstract: The next paper tries to approach in a descriptive way the Military Historical Memory in Colombia so it can determine which will be its' conformation and establishes a possible categorization of the same by using critical in-depth and semi-structured interview analysis, getting to identify common places that could establish bounds and scopes both temporality and social space. In this sense, in first place, it made a conceptual and theorist approximation to the historical memory to introduce the memory levels. Later, in a second place, it made an analysis of the national and international legal tools of the Right to Memory and especially, it puts emphasis on the Military Forces Duty of Memory as a public organism. Finally, from a possible categorization it will be tried to determine the institutional memory levels, with its' potentialities and limitations, to answer what military historical memory is being built in Colombia to preserve its' identity and integrity.
De la route à la fabrique de la rue dans les zones d’habitat urbain nouvelles (ZHUN) : l’exemple de la Plaine Ouest – Annaba (Algérie)
Authors: ROUAIBIA Naouel , ZEGHICHE Anissa 
Published: January 2018

En Algérie, l’urbanisme moderne s’est matérialisé, au lendemain de l’indépendance, par la réalisation de zones d’habitat urbain nouvelles (ZHUN), une conception qui tranche avec les tissus anciens (médina et quartiers coloniaux). La fonction résidentielle est prééminente ; la rue s’en détache, se réduit à la seule fonction de circulation, alors qu’elle devrait assurer la mise en relation des lieux, des fonctions et des groupes sociaux. En contribuant au morcellement du tissu urbain et à la dissociation des espaces, cette manière de faire produit plus d’évitement que de rencontre. Dans la ZHUN Plaine Ouest – Annaba, cette situation a incité les différents acteurs à « fabriquer » les rues pour créer le lien social. Pour dévoiler les mécanismes d’appropriation et de coexistence de différents acteurs qui s’établissent, s’adaptent et se recomposent à travers le temps pour produire la rue, nous avons adopté une méthodologie alliant analyse morphologique de la ZHUN, application de la méthode de l’installation urbaine et enquête par questionnaire.
L’environnement à l’épreuve du droit des biens
Authors: Gidrol-Mistral Gaële 
Published: January 2018

La propriété privée peut-elle être mise au service de la protection de l’environnement? Le droit des biens et le droit des obligations mettent-ils en place des techniques permettant de construire un droit de l’environnement plus efficace? L’État québécois, depuis quelques années, n’a plus le monopole de la protection et de la conservation des espaces naturels. Au contraire, il appelle de ses voeux les initiatives citoyennes, notamment par le biais de campagnes de sensibilisation et d’incitatifs fiscaux. L’intendance privée est ainsi apparue nécessaire dans les schémas contemporains de protection environnementale. Mais les impératifs environnementaux ne coïncident pas toujours avec ceux du droit des biens. Trois instruments sont principalement utilisés au Québec en raison de leur capacité à protéger de manière durable les espaces naturels québécois : la fiducie d’utilité sociale, la servitude de conservation et la copropriété indivise. Ces trois techniques juridiques, développées par le législateur, la pratique ou la doctrine, méritent d’être examinés sous la loupe du droit des biens afin de vérifier la compatibilité des exigences environnementales et juridiques.
Negative Aerosol‐Cloud re Relationship From Aircraft Observations Over Hebei, China
Authors: Zhao Chuanfeng , Qiu Yanmei , Dong Xiaobo , Wang Zhien , Peng Yiran , Li Baodong , Wu Zhihui , Wang Yang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUsing six flights observations in September 2015 over Hebei, China, this study shows a robust negative aerosol‐cloud droplet effective radius (re) relationship for liquid clouds, which is different from previous studies that found positive aerosol‐cloud re relationship over East China using satellite observations. A total of 27 cloud samples was analyzed with the classification of clean and polluted conditions using lower and upper 1/3 aerosol concentration at 200 m below the cloud bases. By normalizing the profiles of cloud droplet re, we found significant smaller values under polluted than under clean condition at most heights. Moreover, the averaged profiles of cloud liquid water content (LWC) show larger values under polluted than clean conditions, indicating even stronger negative aerosol‐cloud re relationship if LWC is kept constant. The droplet size distributions further demonstrate that more droplets concentrate within smaller size ranges under polluted conditions. Quantitatively, the aerosol‐cloud interaction is found around 0.10–0.19 for the study region.
Investigating Gravity Waves in Polar Mesospheric Clouds Using Tomographic Reconstructions of AIM Satellite Imagery
Authors: Hart V. P. , Taylor M. J. , Doyle T. E. , Zhao Y. , Pautet P.‐D. , Carruth B. L. , Rusch D. W. , Russell J. M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis research presents the first application of tomographic techniques for investigating gravity wave structures in polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) imaged by the Cloud Imaging and Particle Size instrument on the NASA AIM satellite. Albedo data comprising consecutive PMC scenes were used to tomographically reconstruct a 3‐D layer using the Partially Constrained Algebraic Reconstruction Technique algorithm and a previously developed “fanning” technique. For this pilot study, a large region (760 × 148 km) of the PMC layer (altitude ~83 km) was sampled with a ~2 km horizontal resolution, and an intensity weighted centroid technique was developed to create novel 2‐D surface maps, characterizing the individual gravity waves as well as their altitude variability. Spectral analysis of seven selected wave events observed during the Northern Hemisphere 2007 PMC season exhibited dominant horizontal wavelengths of ~60–90 km, consistent with previous studies. These tomographic analyses have enabled a broad range of new investigations. For example, a clear spatial anticorrelation was observed between the PMC albedo and wave‐induced altitude changes, with higher‐albedo structures aligning well with wave troughs, while low‐intensity regions aligned with wave crests. This result appears to be consistent with current theories of PMC development in the mesopause region. This new tomographic imaging technique also provides valuable wave amplitude information enabling further mesospheric gravity wave investigations, including quantitative analysis of their hemispheric and interannual characteristics and variations.
Ionospheric Trend Over Wuhan During 1947–2017: Comparison Between Simulation and Observation
Authors: Yue Xinan , Hu Lianhuan , Wei Yong , Wan Weixing , Ning Baiqi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSince Roble and Dickinson (1989), who drew the community's attention about the greenhouse gas effect on the ionosphere, huge efforts have been implemented on ionospheric climate study. However, direct comparison between observations and simulations is still rare. Recently, the Wuhan ionosonde observations were digitized and standardized through unified method back to 1947. In this study, the NCAR‐TIEGCM was driven by Mauna Loa Observatory observed CO2 level and International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) geomagnetic field to simulate their effects on ionospheric long‐term trend over Wuhan. Only March equinox was considered in both data analysis and simulation. Simulation results show that the CO2 and geomagnetic field have comparable effect on hmF2 trend, while geomagnetic field effect is stronger than CO2 on foF2 trend over Wuhan. Both factors result in obvious but different diurnal variations of foF2/hmF2 long‐term trends. The geomagnetic field effect is nonlinear versus years since the long‐term variation of geomagnetic field intensity and orientation is complex. Mean value of foF2 and hmF2 trend is (−0.0021 MHz/yr, −0.106 km/yr) and (−0.0022 MHz/yr, −0.0763 km/yr) for observation and simulation, respectively. Regarding the diurnal variation of the trend, the simulation accords well with that of observation except hmF2 results around 12 UT. Overall, good agreement between observation and simulation illustrates the good quality of Wuhan ionosonde long‐term data and the validity of ancient ionosphere reconstruction based on realistic indices driving simulation.
Fast Magnetosonic Waves Observed by Van Allen Probes: Testing Local Wave Excitation Mechanism
Authors: Min Kyungguk , Liu Kaijun , Wang Xueyi , Chen Lunjin , Denton Richard E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLinear Vlasov theory and particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulations for electromagnetic fluctuations in a homogeneous, magnetized, and collisionless plasma are used to investigate a fast magnetosonic wave event observed by the Van Allen Probes. The fluctuating magnetic field observed exhibits a series of spectral peaks at harmonics of the proton cyclotron frequency Ωp and has a dominant compressional component, which can be classified as fast magnetosonic waves. Furthermore, the simultaneously observed proton phase space density exhibits positive slopes in the perpendicular velocity space, ∂fp/∂v⊥>0, which can be a source for these waves. Linear theory analyses and PIC simulations use plasma and field parameters measured in situ except that the modeled proton distribution is modified to have larger ∂fp/∂v⊥ under the assumption that the observed distribution corresponds to a marginally stable state when the distribution has already been scattered by the excited waves. The results show that the positive slope is the source of the proton cyclotron harmonic waves at propagation quasi‐perpendicular to the background magnetic field, and as a result of interactions with the excited waves the evolving proton distribution progresses approximately toward the observed distribution.
Interplanetary Parameters Leading to Relativistic Electron Enhancement and Persistent Depletion Events at Geosynchronous Orbit and Potential for Prediction
Authors: Pinto Victor A. , Kim Hee‐Jeong , Lyons Larry R. , Bortnik Jacob 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe have identified 61 relativistic electron enhancement events and 21 relativistic electron persistent depletion events during 1996 to 2006 from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 8 and 10 using data from the Energetic Particle Sensor (EPS) >2 MeV fluxes. We then performed a superposed epoch time analysis of the events to find the characteristic solar wind parameters that determine the occurrence of such events, using the OMNI database. We found that there are clear differences between the enhancement events and the persistent depletion events, and we used these to establish a set of threshold values in solar wind speed, proton density and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz that can potentially be useful to predict sudden increases in flux. Persistent depletion events are characterized by a low solar wind speed, a sudden increase in proton density that remains elevated for a few days, and a northward turning of IMF Bz shortly after the depletion starts. We have also found that all relativistic electron enhancement or persistent depletion events occur when some geomagnetic disturbance is present, either a coronal mass ejection or a corotational interaction region; however, the storm index, SYM‐H, does not show a strong connection with relativistic electron enhancement events or persistent depletion events. We have tested a simple threshold method for predictability of relativistic electron enhancement events using data from GOES 11 for the years 2007–2010 and found that around 90% of large increases in electron fluxes can be identified with this method.
Polar Frontal Migration in the Warm Late Pliocene: Diatom Evidence From the Wilkes Land Margin, East Antarctica
Authors: Taylor‐Silva B. I. , Riesselman C. R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe late Pliocene is the most recent interval in Earth's history to sustain global temperatures within the range of warming predicted for the 21st century, providing an appealing analog for the changes we might encounter in the coming century. Published global reconstructions and climate models find an average +2° summer sea surface temperature anomaly relative to modern during the 3.3–3.0 Ma interval of the late Pliocene, when atmospheric CO2concentrations last reached 400 ppm. Here we present a new diatom‐based reconstruction of Pliocene interglacial sea surface conditions from IODP Site U1361, on the East Antarctic continental rise. We find that open ocean conditions in the mid‐Pliocene became increasingly influenced by sea ice from 3.6–3.2 Ma, prior to the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. This cooling trend was interrupted by a temporary southward migration of the Antarctic Polar Front, bathing U1361 in subantarctic waters during a single interglacial—marine isotope stage KM3 (3.17–3.15 Ma)—after which sea ice returned. Building on the identification of this single outlier interglacial, we have revisited earlier reconstructions to explore the response of the Southern Ocean/cryosphere system to peak late Pliocene warmth. By applying a modern chronostratigraphic framework to those low‐resolution reconstructions, we identify the same frontal migration in four other cores in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, documenting a major migration of the polar front during a key interval of warm climate. These new results suggest that KM3 is a crucial interval to test ice sheet stability in the context of anthropogenic warming.
Goal (dis)engagement, emotions, and cognitions in an exam situation: A longitudinal study
Authors: Bermeitinger Christina , Hellweg Clara , Andree Christoph , Roick Julia , Ringeisen Tobias 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAlthough a number of studies have addressed the interplay of achievement goals, cognitions, and emotions in academic settings, it remains largely unknown how the two latter change when students become aware that a performance goal was (un)accomplished. The current study used questionnaires assessing test‐related cognitions (perceived importance, interest, and attributions) and emotions before, during, and after an oral examination in order to investigate how students cope with a blocked academic goal. Students with blocked/unachieved goals devalued the importance of the examination, reported a decline in interest, and attributed the result more to external than internal reasons. Students who achieved their goal attributed the result equally to external and internal reasons and reported more gain‐related and less loss‐related emotions than unsuccessful students. The results indicate that students apply a goal disengagement strategy in order to cope with an unachieved goal as indicated by changes in cognitive and emotional processes alike.
Structure–Property Relations in Carbon Nanotube Fibers by Downscaling Solution Processing
Authors: Headrick Robert J. , Tsentalovich Dmitri E. , Berdegué Julián , Bengio Elie Amram , Liberman Lucy , Kleinerman Olga , Lucas Matthew S. , Talmon Yeshayahu , Pasquali Matteo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAt the microscopic scale, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) combine impressive tensile strength and electrical conductivity; however, their macroscopic counterparts have not met expectations. The reasons are variously attributed to inherent CNT sample properties (diameter and helicity polydispersity, high defect density, insufficient length) and manufacturing shortcomings (inadequate ordering and packing), which can lead to poor transmission of stress and current. To efficiently investigate the disparity between microscopic and macroscopic properties, a new method is introduced for processing microgram quantities of CNTs into highly oriented and well‐packed fibers. CNTs are dissolved into chlorosulfonic acid and processed into aligned films; each film can be peeled and twisted into multiple discrete fibers. Fibers fabricated by this method and solution‐spinning are directly compared to determine the impact of alignment, twist, packing density, and length. Surprisingly, these discrete fibers can be twice as strong as their solution‐spun counterparts despite a lower degree of alignment. Strength appears to be more sensitive to internal twist and packing density, while fiber conductivity is essentially equivalent among the two sets of samples. Importantly, this rapid fiber manufacturing method uses three orders of magnitude less material than solution spinning, expanding the experimental parameter space and enabling the exploration of unique CNT sources.
Superamphiphobic Coatings with Low Sliding Angles from Attapulgite/Carbon Composites
Authors: Dong Shuantao , Li Bucheng , Zhang Junping , Wang Aiqin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPreparation of superamphiphobic coatings with low sliding angles (SAs) for liquids of low surface tension is challenging. Here, a simple and sustainable approach for preparation of superamphiphobic coatings with low SAs from attapulgite/carbon (APT/C) composites is reported. The coatings are prepared by hydrolytic condensation of 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane with the APT/C composites followed by spray‐coating onto substrates. The APT/C composites are prepared by pyrolysis of spent bleaching earth containing APT. The influences of pyrolysis temperature of spent bleaching earth and the APT/C concentration on superamphiphobicity and surface morphology of the coatings are studied. Carbon nanoparticles are formed on the APT nanorods in the pyrolysis process. The APT/C nanorods are wrapped and linked together by a layer of fluorinated polysiloxane (fluoroPOS). The coatings exhibit excellent superamphiphobicity with high contact angles (CAs) and low SAs even for n‐decane (CAn‐decane = 154.2°, SAn‐decane = 11.3°). This is because the new three‐tier micro‐/nano‐/nanostructure is constructed by the combination of APT nanorods, carbon nanoparticles, and fluoroPOS. Also, the superamphiphobic coatings show very good chemical and thermal stability. It is believed that this study will shed light on preparation of superamphiphobic coatings with low SAs via a simple, cost‐effective, and sustainable approach.
Chelation‐promoted Efficient C−H/N−H Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling between Picolinamides and Simple Ethers under Copper Catalysis
Authors: Yue Qiang , Xiao Zhen , Kuang Zhengkun , Su Zhengding , Zhang Qian , Li Dong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA highly efficient copper‐catalyzed C−H/N−H cross dehydrogenative coupling between picolinamides and simple ethers was developed. The reaction was promoted by the chelation assistance of removable picolinyl group and exhibited excellent TON and TOF number. This method was applicable to both N‐aryl and alkyl picolinamides as well as various cyclic and acyclic ethers with good functional group compatibility. It also possessed the merit of air and moisture tolerance and easy operation.magnified image
First‐Principle‐Based Phonon Transport Properties of Nanoscale Graphene Grain Boundaries
Authors: Sandonas Leonardo Medrano , Sevinçli Hâldun , Gutierrez Rafael , Cuniberti Gianaurelio 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe integrity of phonon transport properties of large graphene (linear and curved) grain boundaries (GBs) is investigated under the influence of structural and dynamical disorder. To do this, density functional tight‐binding (DFTB) method is combined with atomistic Green's function technique. The results show that curved GBs have lower thermal conductance than linear GBs. Its magnitude depends on the length of the curvature and out‐of‐plane structural distortions at the boundary, having stronger influence the latter one. Moreover, it is found that by increasing the defects at the boundary, the transport properties can strongly be reduced in comparison to the effect produced by heating up the boundary region. This is due to the large reduction of the phonon transmission for in‐plane and out‐of‐plane vibrational modes after increasing the structural disorder in the GBs.
Blood‐Capillary‐Inspired, Free‐Standing, Flexible, and Low‐Cost Super‐Hydrophobic N‐CNTs@SS Cathodes for High‐Capacity, High‐Rate, and Stable Li‐Air Batteries
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Yang , Xu Ji‐Jing , Chang Zhi‐Wen , Bao Di , Yin Yan‐Bin , Liu Tong , Yan Jun‐Min , Liu Da‐Peng , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xin‐Bo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWith the rising demand for flexible and wearable electronic devices, flexible power sources with high energy densities are required to provide a sustainable energy supply. Theoretically, rechargeable, flexible Li‐O2/air batteries can provide extremely high specific energy densities; however, the high costs, complex synthetic methods, and inferior mechanical properties of the available flexible cathodes severely limit their practical applications. Herein, inspired by the structure of human blood capillary tissue, this study demonstrates for the first time the in situ growth of interpenetrative hierarchical N‐doped carbon nanotubes on the surface of stainless‐steel mesh (N‐CNTs@SS) for the fabrication of a self‐supporting, flexible electrode with excellent physicochemical properties via a facile and scalable one‐step strategy. Benefitting from the synergistic effects of the high electronic conductivity and stable 3D interconnected conductive network structure, the Li‐O2 batteries obtained with the N‐CNTs@SS cathode exhibit superior electrochemical performance, including a high specific capacity (9299 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1), an excellent rate capability, and an exceptional cycle stability (up to 232 cycles). Furthermore, as‐fabricated flexible Li‐air batteries containing the as‐prepared flexible super‐hydrophobic cathode show excellent mechanical properties, stable electrochemical performance, and superior H2O resistibility, which enhance their potential to power flexible and wearable electronic devices.