bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behind‐the‐Counter, but Over‐the‐Border? The Assessment of the Geographical Spillover Effects of Emergency Contraception on Abortions
Authors: Cintina Inna 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWashington was the first state to ease the prescription requirements making emergency contraception (EC) available behind‐the‐counter at pharmacies to women of any age in 1998. Using county‐level vital statistics data in conjunction with the pharmacy specific location data from the Not‐2‐Late Hotline database, I study whether the increased access to EC affects fertility rates within the state and beyond the borders of the state that allows it. Unlike other studies that rely on geographic variations in access, I show that increased availability of EC in Washington, measured by the distance to the closest ‘no‐prescription EC pharmacy’, is associated with a statistically significant albeit economically moderate decrease in abortion rates in Washington counties where women had access to ‘no‐prescription EC’. These effects are localized (i.e., decrease with travel distance) and robust in a number of specifications. Finally, I find some evidence in support of geographical spillover effects in Idaho, but not in Oregon. However, after accounting for the availability of abortion services, the decrease in ‘treated’ Idaho counties is rather small. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Well‐Defined Amphiphilic C60‐PEG Conjugates: Water‐Soluble and Thermoresponsive Materials
Authors: Aroua Safwan , Tiu Elisha Gabrielle V. , Ishikawa Takashi , Yamakoshi Yoko 
Published: August 2016

For the preparation of well‐defined H2O‐soluble C60 polymers, several C60‐PEG conjugates were prepared from a C60 biscarboxylic acid derivative and monodisperse NH2‐PEGs (NH2‐EGn, n = 4 – 36) via amide conjugation. When the relatively long PEGs (EGn, n ≥ 12) were employed, the C60‐PEG conjugates became completely H2O‐soluble by forming micelle‐like structure shown by the data of surface tension, DLS, and cryo‐TEM. Interestingly, these H2O‐soluble C60‐PEG conjugates (C60(EGn)2, n = 12 – 36) showed reversible thermoresponse to form larger aggregates (ca. 1 μm by DLS) at higher temperatures. The temperature for the aggregation was related to the lengths of PEGs attached to C60; 29 °C (C60(EGn)2, n = 12), 51 °C (n = 20), and 72 °C (n = 36). This thermoresponse was speculated to occur by dehydration of well‐organized PEG chains in the micelle‐type structure of monodisperse C60‐PEG caused by gauche‐to‐anti conformational change of PEG anchors. This thermoresponse of well‐defined amphiphilic C60‐PEG conjugates indicates potential applications in areas such as temperature sensors and thermoresponsive materials.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia after nivolumab treatment in Hodgkin lymphoma responsive to immunosuppressive treatment. A case report
Authors: Tardy Magalie P. , Gastaud Lauris , Boscagli Annick , Peyrade Frederic , Gallamini Andrea , Thyss Antoine 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe patients with refractory Hodgkin lymphoma have a poor prognosis. The nivolumab, an IgG4 monoclonal antibody inhibiting the program death 1 pathway has recently demonstrated its efficacy and its safety in patients with heavily pretreated refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. The side effects of this immunotherapy include autoimmune‐like syndromes.A 75‐year‐old woman with no significant comorbidities was treated by nivolumab (3 mg/kg every 2 wk) as a third‐line treatment for refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. A clinical response was observed with the first injection of nivolumab, with a reduction in superficial lymph nodes. After the second injection, the patient presented an authentic autoimmune hemolytic anemia with a profound anemia at 64 g/L and biologic characteristics of hemolysis (elevated unconjugated bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, and reticulocytes). The direct antiglobulin test was strongly positive for IgG antibodies, and the indirect antiglobulin test became positive with a very high level of autoantibodies. After 2 injections of nivolumab, the patient underwent a fluodeoxyglucose F 18 positron emission tomography‐computed tomography, showing a partial response according to modified Cheson criteria. A treatment with prednisone (2 mg/kg), initiated after transfusion of 2 units of red blood cells, permitted the complete resolution of this autoimmune reaction after 3 months of corticotherapy. The fluodeoxyglucose F 18 positron emission tomography‐computed tomography performed at the end of the corticotherapy showed a clear disease progression. Considering the very good response achieved after only 2 injections of nivolumab, the limited therapeutic resources for this old woman, and the complete resolution of the autoimmune hemolytic anemia, nivolumab was reintroduced at the same dose, with close clinical and biological monitoring. She received 6 more injections of nivolumab without recurrence of hemolysis.
Gout and the Risk of Non-vertebral Fracture
Authors: Kim Seoyoung C , Paik Julie M , Liu Jun , Curhan Gary C , Solomon Daniel H 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Prior studies suggest an association between osteoporosis, systemic inflammation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6. Conflicting findings exist on the association between hyperuricemia and osteoporosis. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether gout, a common inflammatory arthritis, affects fracture risk. Using data from a US commercial health plan (2004–2013), we evaluated the risk of non-vertebral fracture (ie, forearm, wrist, hip, and pelvis) in patients with gout versus those without. Gout patients were identified with ≥2 diagnosis codes and ≥1 dispensing for a gout-related drug. Non-gout patients, identified with ≥2 visits coded for any diagnosis and ≥1 dispensing for any prescription drugs, were free of gout diagnosis and received no gout-related drugs. Hip fracture was the secondary outcome. Fractures were identified with a combination of diagnosis and procedure codes. Cox proportional hazards models compared the risk of non-vertebral fracture in gout patients versus non-gout, adjusting for more than 40 risk factors for osteoporotic fracture. Among gout patients with baseline serum uric acid (sUA) measurements available, we assessed the risk of non-vertebral fracture associated with sUA. We identified 73,202 gout and 219,606 non-gout patients, matched on age, sex, and the date of study entry. The mean age was 60 years and 82% were men. Over the mean 2-year follow-up, the incidence rate of non-vertebral fracture per 1,000 person-years was 2.92 in gout and 2.66 in non-gout. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85–1.12) for non-vertebral fracture and 0.83 (95% CI 0.65–1.07) for hip fracture in gout versus non-gout. Subgroup analysis (n = 15,079) showed no association between baseline sUA and non-vertebral fracture (HR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.93–1.15), adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity score, and number of any prescription drugs. Gout was not associated with a risk of non-vertebral fracture. Among patients with gout, sUA was not associated with the risk of non-vertebral fracture. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Combining Value‐focused Thinking and Balanced Scorecard to Improve Decision‐making in Strategic Management
Authors: Kunz Reinhard E. , Siebert Johannes , Mütterlein Joschka 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGoal orientation is key to strategic management. In this field, the Balanced Scorecard is one of the most widely used management tools. It structures a company's main objectives from different perspectives based on the strategy of the firm and uses performance indicators to measure the achievement of objectives and strategy. However, its method of creation is not theoretically sound. Value‐focused thinking is a decision‐making philosophy that fits perfectly with Balanced Scorecard creation. It provides methods and techniques for the identification and structuring of objectives that are suitable to systematically derive a scorecard from a means‐ends network. However, such a means‐ends network is often too complex for enduring use in strategic management. By adapting the network's structure to the Balanced Scorecard's layout, the profound and clear set of derived objectives and their measures serve as a reasonable basis for applying methods of multi‐criteria decision‐making in an organization.This paper aimed to outline a procedure that merges the Balanced Scorecard and value‐focused thinking by preserving each concept's strengths while eliminating their weaknesses. A six‐step process was developed theoretically and employed empirically in a case study. This process included (1) identifying objectives; (2) structuring objectives; (3) characterizing clusters of objectives; (4) formulating mission, vision, and strategy; (5) designing the scorecard; and (6) monitoring and adapting to change. On the basis of this approach, a Management Scorecard was produced that enabled strategy development and execution, put forth a clear and comprehensive means‐ends network, and visualized a company's most important objectives and their relationships structured through perspectives roughly following the Balanced Scorecard. It acts as a foundation for research to generalize and compare findings regarding goals of organizations. Our procedure demonstrates how scientific methods, such as value‐focused thinking, can yield benefits to practitioners' instruments, like the Balanced Scorecard, and how management tools can likewise improve scientific methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Definition of Camptocormia in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Margraf Nils G. , Granert Oliver , Hampel Julia , Wrede Arne , Schulz‐Schaeffer Walter J. , Deuschl Günther 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundClinical key aspects of camptocormia in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) await further definition.MethodsBased on a self‐assessment of PD patients, we performed an observational study, asking patients with subjectively felt involuntary forward bending to return a questionnaire and provide photographs showing their axial disorder. Forty‐two matched PD patients without subjective signs of camptocormia were recruited as controls.ResultsThe stooped posture of patients with advanced PD without camptocormia is characterized by a forward bending angle of always less than 30 degrees. Of the 145 camptocormia patients in our study, 70% had an angle ≥30 degrees. The patients with a more‐severe forward bending angle were more severely affected in daily life than those with an angle of less than 30 degrees. Back pain was more frequent (81% vs. 43%) and more severe in PD patients with camptocormia than in controls. Back diseases in camptocormia PD patients were also significantly more frequent than in the PD control patients (55% vs. 26%). Camptocormia is a relevant burden in everyday life. Seventy‐seven percent of patients needed walking aids and 85% reported specific disabilities attributed to camptocormia (e.g. increased risk of falling, dyspnea, problems in eating or swallowing).ConclusionsCamptocormia cannot be clinically defined based on the forward bending angle alone, but an angle larger than 30 degrees is only found in camptocormia. Back pain is an essential aspect of camptocormia in PD. Back diseases can be seen as a risk factor in these patients.
Feasibility and validity of mobile cognitive testing in the investigation of age‐related cognitive decline
Authors: Schweitzer Pierre , Husky Mathilde , Allard Michèle , Amieva Hélène , Pérès Karine , Foubert‐Samier Alexandra , Dartigues Jean‐François , Swendsen Joel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMobile cognitive testing may be used to help characterize subtle deficits at the earliest stages of cognitive decline. Despite growing interest in this approach, comprehensive information concerning its feasibility and validity has been lacking in elderly samples. Over a one‐week period, this study applied mobile cognitive tests of semantic memory, episodic memory and executive functioning in a cohort of 114 elderly non‐demented community residents. While the study acceptance rate was moderate (66%), the majority of recruited individuals met minimal compliance thresholds and responded to an average of 82% of the repeated daily assessments. Missing data did not increase over the course of the study, but practice effects were observed for several test scores. However, even when controlling for practice effects, traditional neuropsychological tests were significantly associated with mobile cognitive test scores. In particular, the Isaacs Set Test was associated with mobile assessments of semantic memory (γ = 0.084, t = 5.598, p < 0.001), the Grober and Buschke with mobile assessments of episodic memory (γ = 0.069, t = 3.156, p < 0.01, and the Weschler symbol coding with mobile assessments of executive functioning (γ = 0.168, t = 4.562, p < 0.001). Mobile cognitive testing in the elderly may provide complementary and potentially more sensitive data relative to traditional neuropsychological assessment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributions of imidacloprid, imidacloprid‐olefin and imidacloprid‐urea in green plant tissues and roots of rapeseed (Brassica napus) from artificially contaminated potting soil
Authors: Seifrtova Marcela , Halesova Tatana , Sulcova Klara , Riddellova Katerina , Erban Tomas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDImidacloprid‐urea is the primary imidacloprid soil metabolite, whereas imidacloprid‐olefin is the main plant‐relevant metabolite and is more toxic to insects than imidacloprid. We artificially contaminated potting soil and used quantitative UHPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS to determine the imidacloprid, imidacloprid‐olefin and imidacloprid‐urea distributions in rapeseed green plant tissues and roots after 4 weeks of exposure.RESULTSIn soil, the imidacloprid/imidacloprid‐urea molar ratios decreased similarly after the 250 and 2500 µg kg−1 imidacloprid treatments. The imidacloprid/imidacloprid‐urea molar ratios in the root and soil were similar, whereas in the green plant tissue, imidacloprid‐urea increased more than twofold compared with the root. Although imidacloprid‐olefin was prevalent in the green plant tissues, with imidacloprid/imidacloprid‐olefin molar ratios of 2.24 and 1.47 for the 250 and 2500 µg kg−1 treatments respectively, it was not detected in the root. However, imidacloprid‐olefin was detected in the soil after the 2500 µg kg−1 imidacloprid treatment.CONCLUSIONSignificant proportions of imidacloprid‐olefin and imidacloprid‐urea in green plant tissues were demonstrated. The greater imidacloprid supply increased the imidacloprid‐olefin/imidacloprid molar ratio in the green plant tissues. The absence of imidacloprid‐olefin in the root excluded its retransport from leaves. The similar imidacloprid/imidacloprid‐urea ratios in the soil and root indicated that the root serves primarily for transporting these substances. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A calorimetric investigation of RbFe2As2 single crystals
Authors: Khim Seunghyun , Aswartham Saicharan , Grinenko Vadim , Efremov Dmitry , Blum Christian G. F. , Steckel Frank , Gruner Daniel , Wolter Anja U. B. , Drechsler Stefan‐Ludwig , Heß Christian , Wurmehl Sabine , Büchner Bernd 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe present properties of single crystals of the iron pnictide superconductor RbFe2As2 grown using a self‐flux method. A bulk superconducting transition at 2.6 K was consistently observed in resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements. While the resistivity behaves like a conventional metal at low T, the magnetic susceptibility shows an unusual broad maximum around 80 K in the normal state. A large Sommerfeld coefficient, , was observed seemingly a common feature of heavily hole‐doped “122” compounds. In the superconducting state, we analyzed our specific heat data based on the s‐ and d‐wave two‐gap models. The presence of the small gap with 2/ was discussed to account for the large specific heat contribution remaining to low T far below . The large anisotropy ratio, = / 7 near indicates that the large gap would occupy a highly two‐dimensional Fermi surface.
Structure of protonated tryptophan dimer in the gas phase investigated by IRPD spectroscopy and theoretical calculations
Authors: Feng Ruxia , Yin Hong , Kong Xianglei 
Published: August 2016

RationalIn addition to proton affinity (PA), side chains may also have an effect on the structures of amino acid complex ions in the gas phase. A previous study showed that the most stable isomer of Pro2H+ favored a salt‐bridged structure. Tryptophan has a PA close to that of proline, but a quite different side chain. Thus, it will be interesting to discover whether the salt‐bridged or charge‐solvated conformation is energetically more favorable for Trp2H+ in the gas phase.MethodsThe infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectrum of Trp2H+ was obtained using a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer equipped with a tunable OPO laser. The non‐covalent cluster ions were generated by electrospray ionization. Structural optimization and frequency calculation of the selected isomers were performed at the M062X/6–311++G(d,p) level.ResultsThe experimental IRPD spectrum of Trp2H+ was reported in the region of 2700–3750 cm−1. Theoretical calculations show that the most stable isomer has a charge‐solvated structure. Its energy was found to be 9 kcal/mol lower than that of the most stable salt‐bridged isomer. The experimental spectrum is consistent with the predicted spectra of the most stable charge‐solvated structures. Temperature effect on the stability of isomers was also evaluated and it was revealed that the contribution from salt‐bridged isomers can be neglected at a temperature of 300 K.ConclusionsCombining the method of IRPD spectroscopy with theoretical calculations, the structures of Trp2H+ were investigated. It is shown that the structures of Trp2H+ are dominated by charge‐solvated forms. The results also indicate that the side chain may considerably affect the stability of the zwitterionic forms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile synthesis of carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for selective enrichment of glycopeptides
Authors: Song Peipei , Huang Peiwu , Huang Tengjun , Li Hua , Chen Wendong , Lin Lin , Feng Shun , Tian Ruijun 
Published: August 2016

RationaleSelective enrichment of glycopeptides prior to mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is essential due to the low abundance of the modified glycopeptides in complex samples, ion suppression effects during MS ionization and detection caused by the co‐presence of non‐glycosylated peptides, etc. Among different enrichment approaches, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)‐based magnetic separation has become one of the most popular methods in recent years, due to its high efficiency and selectivity for glycopeptide enrichment.MethodsHerein, novel carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (CMCD)‐modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized via a carbodiimide activation method. CMCD was covalently bonded with the –OH group on the surface of MNPs through carbodiimide, and the proposed procedure provides a rapid and efficient alternative for glycopeptide enrichment due to its stable interaction, time‐saving, and easy operation.ResultsThe prepared absorbents with a mean diameter of 15 nm demonstrated a strong magnetic response to an externally applied magnetic field. The results of thermogravimetric analysis showed the content of bound CMCD was 3 wt%. The outer CMCD layer conjugated on the Fe3O4 core showed high hydrophilic surface property. In the analysis of a complex mouse liver sample, a total of 666 unique N‐glycosylation sites corresponding to 494 glycosylated proteins were identified successfully.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated an easy‐to‐use CMCD‐modified MNPs‐based approach with high selectivity and high capacity in the enrichment of low‐abundance glycopeptides from complex biological samples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitive determination of cholesterol and its metabolic steroid hormones by UHPLC–MS/MS via derivatization coupled with dual ultrasonic‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
Authors: Zhao Xian‐En , Yan Ping , Wang Renjun , Zhu Shuyun , You Jinmao , Bai Yu , Liu Huwei 
Published: August 2016

RationaleQuantitative analysis of cholesterol and its metabolic steroid hormones plays a vital role in diagnosing endocrine disorders and understanding disease progression, as well as in clinical medicine studies. Because of their extremely low abundance in body fluids, it remains a challenging task to develop a sensitive detection method.MethodsA hyphenated technique of dual ultrasonic‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (dual‐UADLLME) coupled with microwave‐assisted derivatization (MAD) was proposed for cleansing, enrichment and sensitivity enhancement. 4′‐Carboxy‐substituted rosamine (CSR) was synthesized and used as derivatization reagent. An ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method was developed for determination of cholesterol and its metabolic steroid hormones in the multiple reaction monitoring mode.ResultsParameters of dual‐UADLLME, MAD and UHPLC–MS/MS were all optimized. Satisfactory linearity, recovery, repeatability, accuracy and precision, absence of matrix effect and extremely low limits of detection (LODs, 0.08–0.15 pg mL−1) were achieved.ConclusionsThrough the combination of dual‐UADLLME and MAD, a determination method for cholesterol and its metabolic steroid hormones in human plasma, serum and urine samples was developed and validated with high sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy and perfect matrix effect results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A microwave plasma torch quadrupole mass spectrometer for monitoring trace levels of lead and cadmium in water
Authors: Zhu Zhiqiang , Jiang Tao , Xiong Xiaohong , Zou Wei 
Published: August 2016

RationaleThe microwave plasma torch (MPT) is a low power‐consumption and easily operated plasma generator. As an ambient ion source, the MPT can be coupled with various mass spectrometers and applied in real‐time analysis of metal elements in water for the demands of environmental control and water quality inspection.MethodsWe constructed a quadrupole mass spectrometer with an MPT as the ion source to detect directly trace levels of lead and cadmium in water. Without any pretreatments,water samples were first pneumatically nebulized with a desolvation unit, then flowed through the central tube of the MPT and finally entered the plasma. After that, the metal ions produced were introduced into the mass spectrometer to be analyzed via an atmospheric inlet of a stainless steel capillary tube.ResultsThe MPT mass spectra of lead and cadmium ions were characterized with clear unit isotopic resolution. The sensitivity reached levels of 20 ng/L for lead and 72.7 ng/L for cadmium in water, respectively. The linear response range covered at least 2 orders of magnitude. Moreover, a single aqueous sample could be completely analyzed within 3 minutes, providing reasonably relative standard deviation values.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that this MPT mass spectrometer is a useful tool for the monitoring of lead and cadmium ions in water, which makes it a potential alternative to ICP‐MS, to be used in the fields of environmental control and water quality and foodstuff safety inspection. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.