bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proliferation and Survival of Embryonic Sympathetic Neuroblasts by MYCN and Activated ALK Signaling
Authors: Kramer Marco , Ribeiro Diogo , Arsenian-Henriksson Marie , Deller Thomas , Rohrer Hermann 
Published: October 2016

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood tumor that arises from the sympathoadrenal lineage.MYCNamplification is the most reliable marker for poor prognosis andMYCNoverexpression in embryonic mouse sympathetic ganglia results in NB-like tumors. MYCN cooperates with mutational activation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), which promotes progression to NB, but the role of MYCN and ALK in tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. Here, we use chick sympathetic neuroblasts to examine the normal function ofMYCNandMYCin the control of neuroblast proliferation, as well as effects of overexpression ofMYCN,MYC, and activated ALK, alone and in combination. We demonstrate thatMYCis more strongly expressed thanMYCNduring neurogenesis and is important forin vitroneuroblast proliferation.MYCandMYCNoverexpression elicits increased proliferation but does not sustain neuroblast survival. Unexpectedly, long-term expression of activatedALKF1174Lleads to cell-cycle arrest and promotes differentiation and survival of postmitotic neurons.ALKF1174LinducesNEFM,RET, andVACHTand results in decreased expression of proapototic (BMF, BIM), adrenergic (TH), and cell-cycle genes (e.g.,CDC25A, CDK1). In contrast, neuroblast proliferation is maintained whenMYCNandALKF1174Lare coexpressed. ProliferatingMYCN/ALKF1174Lneuroblasts display a differentiated phenotype but differ fromALK-expressing neurons by the upregulation ofSKP2,CCNA2,E2F8, andDKC1. Inhibition of the ubiquitin ligase SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2), which targets the CDK inhibitor p27 for degradation, reduces neuroblast proliferation, implicating SKP2 in the maintained proliferation ofMYCN/ALKF1174Lneuroblasts. Together, our results characterize MYCN/ALK cooperation leading to neuroblast proliferation and survival that may represent initial steps toward NB development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMYCN overexpression combined with activated anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is sufficient to induce neuroblastoma (NB) in mouse sympathoadrenal cells. To address cellular and molecular effects elicited by MYCN/ALK cooperation, we used cultures of chick sympathetic neuroblasts. We demonstrate thatMYCNincreases proliferation but not survival, whereas long-term expression ofALKF1174Lelicits cell-cycle exit, differentiation, and survival of postmitotic neurons. CombinedMYCN/ALKF1174Lexpression allows long-term proliferation and survival of neuroblasts with differentiated characteristics. In the presence ofALKF1174Lsignaling,MYCNinduces the expression of the ubiquitin ligase SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2), which targets p27 for degradation and is also upregulated in high-risk NB. SKP2 inhibition supports a function for SKP2 in the maintained neuroblast proliferation downstream of MYCN/ALK, which may represent an early step toward tumorigenesis.
Disruption of Protein Processing in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of DYT1Knock-inMice Implicates Novel Pathways in Dystonia Pathogenesis
Authors: Beauvais Genevieve , Bode Nicole M. , Watson Jaime L. , Wen Hsiang , Glenn Kevin A. , Kawano Hiroyuki , Harata N. Charles , Ehrlich Michelle E. , Gonzalez-Alegre Pedro 
Published: October 2016

Dystonia type 1 (DYT1) is a dominantly inherited neurological disease caused by mutations inTOR1A, the gene encoding the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein torsinA. Previous work mostly completed in cell-based systems suggests that mutant torsinA alters protein processing in the secretory pathway. We hypothesized that inducing ER stress in the mammalian brainin vivowould trigger or exacerbate mutant torsinA-induced dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, we crossed DYT1knock-inwith p58(IPK)-null mice. The ER co-chaperone p58(IPK) interacts with BiP and assists in protein maturation by helping to fold ER cargo. Its deletion increases the cellular sensitivity to ER stress. We found a lower generation of DYT1knock-in/p58knock-outmice than expected from this cross, suggesting a developmental interaction that influences viability. However, surviving animals did not exhibit abnormal motor function. Analysis of brain tissue uncovered dysregulation of eiF2α and Akt/mTOR translational control pathways in the DYT1 brain, a finding confirmed in a second rodent model and in human brain. Finally, an unbiased proteomic analysis identified relevant changes in the neuronal protein landscape suggesting abnormal ER protein metabolism and calcium dysregulation. Functional studies confirmed the interaction between the DYT1 genotype and neuronal calcium dynamics. Overall, these findings advance our knowledge on dystonia, linking translational control pathways and calcium physiology to dystonia pathogenesis and identifying potential new pharmacological targets.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDystonia type 1 (DYT1) is one of the different forms of inherited dystonia, a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, disabling movements. DYT1 is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein torsinA. How mutant torsinA causes neuronal dysfunction remains unknown. Here, we show the behavioral and molecular consequences of stressing the ER in DYT1 mice by increasing the amount of misfolded proteins. This resulted in the generation of a reduced number of animals, evidence of abnormal ER protein processing and dysregulation of translational control pathways. The work described here proposes a shared mechanism for different forms of dystonia, links for the first time known biological pathways to dystonia pathogenesis, and uncovers potential pharmacological targets for its treatment.
Basal Ganglia Output Controls Active Avoidance Behavior
Authors: Hormigo Sebastian , Vega-Flores German , Castro-Alamancos Manuel A. 
Published: October 2016

Engrained avoidance behavior is highly adaptive when it keeps away harmful events and can be highly maladaptive when individuals elude harmless situations in anxiety disorders, but the neural circuits that mediate avoidance are poorly understood. Using DREADDs and optogenetics in mice, we show that the output of the basal ganglia through the substantia nigrapars reticulata(SNr) controls active avoidance. SNr excitation blocks avoidance to a conditioned sensory stimulus while preserving the ability to escape the harmful event. Conversely, SNr inhibition facilitates avoidance to the conditioned stimulus and suffices to drive avoidance without any conditioned sensory stimulus. The results highlight a midbrain circuit that gates avoidance responses, which can be targeted to ameliorate maladaptive avoidance in psychiatric disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn many circumstances, subjects respond to fearful situations with avoidance. This is a useful coping strategy in situations in which there is impending danger. However, avoidance responses can also be maladaptive, as in anxiety disorders such as phobias (e.g., avoiding air transportation) and social anxiety (e.g., avoiding social situations). Despite the obvious clinical relevance, little is known about the neural circuits that mediate active avoidance. Using chemogenetics and optogenetics, we show that the output of the basal ganglia fully controls active avoidance behavior.
Functional Subdomains within Scene-Selective Cortex: Parahippocampal Place Area, Retrosplenial Complex, and Occipital Place Area
Authors: Çukur Tolga , Huth Alexander G. , Nishimoto Shinji , Gallant Jack L. 
Published: October 2016

Functional MRI studies suggest that at least three brain regions in human visual cortex—the parahippocampal place area (PPA), retrosplenial complex (RSC), and occipital place area (OPA; often called the transverse occipital sulcus)—represent large-scale information in natural scenes. Tuning of voxels within each region is often assumed to be functionally homogeneous. To test this assumption, we recorded blood oxygenation level-dependent responses during passive viewing of complex natural movies. We then used a voxelwise modeling framework to estimate voxelwise category tuning profiles within each scene-selective region. In all three regions, cluster analysis of the voxelwise tuning profiles reveals two functional subdomains that differ primarily in their responses to animals, man-made objects, social communication, and movement. Thus, the conventional functional definitions of the PPA, RSC, and OPA appear to be too coarse. One attractive hypothesis is that this consistent functional subdivision of scene-selective regions is a reflection of an underlying anatomical organization into two separate processing streams, one selectively biased toward static stimuli and one biased toward dynamic stimuli.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual scene perception is a critical ability to survive in the real world. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the human brain contains neural circuitry selective for visual scenes. Here we show that responses in three scene-selective areas—identified in previous studies—carry information about many object and action categories encountered in daily life. We identify two subregions in each area: one that is selective for categories of man-made objects, and another that is selective for vehicles and locomotion-related action categories that appear in dynamic scenes. This consistent functional subdivision may reflect an anatomical organization into two processing streams, one biased toward static stimuli and one biased toward dynamic stimuli.
TERAPI BAKTERIOFAGA: BISAKAH SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGGANTI ANTIBIOTIKA PADA AKUAKULTUR?
Authors: Lusiastuti Angela Mariana 
Published: October 2016

Kemoterapi merupakan metode efektif dan cepat untuk mengobati dan mencegah infeksi bakterial, tetapi penggunaan yang terlalu sering dapat menyebabkan munculnya strain bakteri yang resisten terhadap antibiotika. Bakteriofaga dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat agen terapi untuk infeksi bakterial. Bagaimana efek protektif faga melawan infeksi bakterial dan bagaimana potensinya sebagai phage therapy pada akuakultur dibahas di sini.
BUDIDAYA IKAN HIAS SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL PERIKANAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Kusrini Eni 
Published: October 2016

Indonesia diharapkan menjadi Negara Penghasil Produk Kelautan dan Perikanan Terbesar Tahun 2015. Sektor kelautan dan perikanan sebagai salah satu penggerak utama (prime mover) perekonomian, perlu terus ditingkatkan produksinya sehingga akan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat kelautan dan perikanan. Ikan hias yang diperdagangkan di dunia mencapai 1.600 jenis, di mana 750 jenis di antaranya adalah ikan air tawar. Pada tahun 2010, Indonesia menargetkan ekspor ikan hias akan meningkat sebesar 10%. Upaya dalam mendorong pengembangan kawasan perikanan budidaya di daerah-daerah dalam rangka meningkatkan pertumbuhan perekonomian, maka dilakukan program minapolitan. Dukungan penelitian terhadap program minapolitan khususnya budidaya ikan hias antara lain dalam pengembangan ikan hias yang bersifat konvensional (maskoki, guppy, cupang hias); pemanfaatan sumberdaya genetik baru dari alam yang dapat didomestikasi (rainbow), peningkatan produksi ikan hias dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi/mahal (arwana, botia), dan tren (tigerfish) baik berupa paket teknologi maupun penerapan di masyarakat secara langsung. Dalam tulisan ini dikemukakan prospek dan peluang serta program pengembangan dan dukungan penelitian bagi pengembangan budidaya ikan hias.
JENIS DAN DOSIS AKTIVATOR PADA PEMBUATAN KOMPOS BERBAHAN BAKU MAKROALGA
Authors: Susianingsih Endang , Nurbaya Nurbaya 
Published: October 2016

Kompos (pupuk organik) merupakan salah satu bahan yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah karena dapat meningkatkan retensi/ketersediaan hara di dalam tanah sebagai upaya untuk memperbaiki sifat kimia, fisika, dan biologi tanah. Salah satu material organik yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan kompos adalah makroalga dari jenis rumput laut terutama dari jenis yang kurang memiliki nilai ekonomis (fluktuasi harga) dan dari jenis yang pertumbuhannya cepat karena dapat menjadi limbah dalam perairan. Teknologi pengomposan sangat beragam, di antaranya dengan penggunaan aktivator yang bertujuan untuk mempercepat proses pengomposan. Beberapa aktivator komersil telah banyak beredar di pasaran sesuai dengan peruntukan dan keunggulannya masing-masing. Akan tetapi aktivator yang diperoleh dari bahan baku yang akan dijadikan kompos atau pupuk organik belum banyak dilakukan begitu pula mengenai dosis penggunaannya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan dosis aktivator komersil dan aktivator hasil isolasi yang sesuai dan dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan kompos berbahan baku makroalga. Sebanyak 3 jenis makroalga yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku yaitu: Sargassum sp., E. spinosum, dan Gracilaria sp., menggunakan 2 (dua) jenis aktivator yaitu aktivator hasil isolasi dari bahan baku dan EM 4 sebagai aktivator pembanding dengan 3 tingkatan dosis aktivator 104, 106, dan 108 CFU/mL. Peubah yang diamati meliputi perubahan kompos yang terjadi secara morfologi pada akhir penelitian, suhu, kadar C-organik, N-total, P, dan K. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Sargassum dengan aktivator hasil isolasi pada dosis 108 CFU/mL menghasilkan kompos dengan mutu yang lebih baik.
POLIKULTUR RUMPUT LAUT (Gracilaria verrucosa) DENGAN BANDENG DI KABUPATEN BREBES, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Priono Bambang , Andriyanto Septyan , Insan Irsyaphiani 
Published: October 2016

Rumput laut merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan yang memiliki potensi besar untuk dikembangkan. Hampir seluruh perairan pantai Indonesia dapat ditanami rumput laut, termasuk jenis Gracilaria verrucosa yang banyak dibudidayakan di tambak-tambak rakyat yang kurang produktif. Beberapa faktor penyebab produktivitas belum optimal adalah paket teknologi budidayanya yang belum tersosialisasikan dengan baik. Sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai polikultur rumput laut dengan bandeng di tambak untuk mengetahui performan bibit terbaik dari beberapa kultivar berdasarkan lokasi sumber bibit. Penelitian dilakukan di tambak pembudidaya di Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah seluas 6 ha dan masing-masing berukuran 0,5-1 ha/petak. Persiapan yang dilakukan meliputi perbaikan saluran inlet, outlet, pematang, pintu air dan pelataran, pemberantasan hama dan biota liar, pemupukkan, serta pengisian air (ketinggian 60 cm). Pada setiap petak dibuat 3 petak pengamatan berbentuk segi empat berukuran 1 m2 (sebagai ulangan). Bibit rumput laut yang ditanam sebanyak 2.200 kg/ha, sedangkan pada petak pengamatan ditanam sebanyak 1 kg/petak. Guna meminimalkan pertumbuhan klekap dan lumut maka pada setiap petak tambak ditebari gelondongan bandeng sebanyak 2.500 ekor/ha. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa rumput laut yang ditanam dapat tumbuh mencapai lebih dari 375% selama lebih dari 2 bulan pemeliharaan dan menunjukkan bahwa rumput laut Gracilaria verrucosa dapat dipelihara bersama dengan bandeng.
BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN INDUSTRIALISASI PERIKANAN
Authors: Priono Bambang 
Published: October 2016

Rumput laut (seaweed) merupakan salah satu komoditas potensial dan dapat dijadikan andalan bagi upaya pengembangan usaha skala kecil dan menengah yang sering disebut sebagai Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM). Ini terjadi karena rumput laut sangat banyak manfaatnya, baik melalui pengolahan sederhana yang langsung dapat dikonsumsi maupun melalui pengolahan yang lebih kompleks, seperti produk farmasi, kosmetik, dan pangan, serta produk lainnya. Perairan Indonesia yang luasnya sekitar 70% dari wilayah Nusantara mempunyai potensi untuk usaha budidaya laut, termasuk di antaranya budidaya rumput laut. Jenis rumput laut yang mempunyai potensi untuk dibudidayakan adalah Eucheuma sp. dan Gracilaria sp. Upaya mengembangkan budidaya rumput laut jenis ini perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitasnya, khususnya dalam rangka memenuhi permintaan industri. Tulisan ini membahas mengenai budidaya rumput laut yang sangat erat kaitannya dengan industri pengolahannya menjadi barang setengah jadi, yaitu tepung rumput laut atau biasa disebut “karaginan”, sebagai bahan baku industri produk farmasi dan lain sebagainya.
PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS BUDIDAYA IKAN DI LAHAN GAMBUT Gleni Hasan Huwoyon dan Rudhy Gustiano
Authors: Huwoyon Gleni Hasan , Gustiano Rudhy 
Published: October 2016

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kawasan gambut tropika terluas di dunia, berkisar antara 13,5-26,5 juta ha (rata-rata 20 juta ha). Luas area gambut tersebut merupakan 50% gambut tropika dunia. Untuk mengoptimalkan potensi lahan gambut melalui perikanan diperlukan suatu strategi untuk menanggulangi masalah pH rendah. Pilihan strategi yang dapat diterapkan melalui pendekatan biologis adalah dengan memanfaatkan secara optimal ikan lokal yang telah beradaptasi dengan lingkungan tersebut selain itu, strategi pendekatan secara biologis lainnya adalah dengan melakukan introduksi ikan-ikan dari luar dan hasil rekayasa yang tahan terhadap perairan gambut. Beberapa jenis ikan yang telah diintroduksi dan mulai dikembangkan di perairan gambut adalah ikan patin siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), lele dumbo (Clarias gariepienus), dan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) strain BEST (Bogor Enhanched Strain Tilapia). Untuk mendukung pengembangan budidaya yang berkelanjutan diperlukan adanya pemahaman pengelolaan lingkungan yang benar di perairan gambut. Untuk mengoptimalkan potensi yang ada perlu adanya transfer teknologi dalam pengembangan ikan-ikan yang berpotensi untuk dibudidayakan di perairan gambut agar kesejahteraan dan pembangunan daerah khususnya berbasis perikanan dapat tercapai.
Outcome of Intra Uterine Insemination for HIV Serodiscordant Couple
Authors: Halim Binarwan 
Published: October 2016

<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p><p>HIV serodiscordant couple who wish to have offspring but fear of disease contagious prohibittedthem from concieved naturally. Intrauterine insemination without having direct sexual contact is one of the method to achieve this wish. This study was aimed to evaluate the outcome of intrauterine insemination in HIV serodiscordant couple.</p><p><strong>Material and methods</strong></p><p>Retrospective analytic study was done. HIV serodiscordant couple who have been treated with intrauterine insemination from January 2010 until June 2014 in Halim Fertility Centre Medan was included in this study.</p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>There were 27 cycles of intrauterine insemination from HIV serodiscordant couple. The clinical pregnancy rate were 33.3%. None of the babies or mother after deliveries have HIV positive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p>Intrauterine insemination in HIV serodiscordant couple appears to be effective and safe method to achieve pregnancy. </p>
Comparison of Time Lapse Embryo Morphokinetics Monitoring and Conventional Pronuclear Morphology Assessment to Determine Embryo Quality in Endometriosis Patients
Authors: Muharam R. 
Published: October 2016

<p><strong>Objective</strong></p><p>Endometriosis patients who underwent IVF program has poorer embryo quality, leads to low successive rate. In order to determine embryo quality, time lapse embryo monitoring and pronuclear (PN) morphology assessment were used to predict and select the most promising embryo. This research is expected to exhibit comparison the use of both methods in endometriosis patients in order to implement the most effective evaluation in future embryo implantation prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong></p><p>This cohort research was conducted to 72 embryos from 19 endometriosis patients who underwent IVF program in Yasmin Reproductive Clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. After ICSI was performed two-nucleated embryo later be monitored by its cleavage time and would be classified into categories for good quality embryo and other classes were considered poor quality embryo for time lapse monitoring. Then from time lapse monitoring, PN morphology were assessed regarding pronuclear scoring.</p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>Based on 72 embryos observation, we found that there was no significant difference between good and poor quality embryo based on PN scoring with p=0.185, and also between time-lapse morphokinetic monitoring and embryo quality with p=0.526. However, we found that there was a weak correlation between PN scoring and embryo quality with p=0.049 and r=0.233.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p>There was no significant difference found between time lapse monitoring and PN scoring in endometriosis patients in order to determine embryo quality. However, there was a weak correlation between PN scoring and embryo quality. This might be due to small number of samples taken and visual bias during observation.</p>
The role of varicocele repair in non-obstructive azoospermic men: A systematic review
Authors: Putra Donny Eka 
Published: October 2016

<p>The outcomes of varicocele repair in non-obstructive azoospermic men remain the subject of controversy. Until now, small studies with small number of patients performed make it difficult to assess the efficacy of varicocele surgery in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. This review is performed to evaluate quality of the sperm among non-obstructive azoospermic men after varicocele repair. </p>
Well Inflow Profiling Verification Using Thermo-Hydrodynamic Modeling
Authors: Nikolin I. , Dauboin P. , Shako V. , Kotlyar L. , Miklashevskiy D. , Lovell J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
During oilfield development and production stages, the zonal rate and phase allocation often enables effective well and reservoir production management in multilayer reservoirs. Production allocation is necessary to reconcile oil, gas, and water measurements at all entry and exit points at all stages of reservoir development. Model-based quantitative interpretation of field production logging data is proposed as a tool to make more-informed decisions for water horizons isolation in a multilayer well.
The conventional technique of zonal allocation from production logging data has been successfully used for decades. This approach is based mainly on the analysis of several types of logs including steady-state temperature profiles and may face difficulties related to the uniqueness of pay zone allocation profiling due to uncertainties in input data. This shortcoming makes it inapplicable in certain challenging cases. This paper focuses on one such case.
Determination of zonal contributions in multizone multiphase wells from a limited data set is often challenging due to the complex nature of fluid flow under varying dynamic conditions and uncertainties. Therefore, the integrated analysis of transient measurements, including temperature, pressure, and rate, is suggested to mitigate the impact of such uncertainties. Using comprehensive hydrodynamic and thermal models in this process enables elimination of unrealistic or ambiguous interpretation scenarios that can arise from using simplistic methods.
This paper illustrates the new workflow for joint analysis of temperature, pressure, and rate transient measurements acquired in an oil well during a multirate test in a multilayer reservoir using a production logging tool. The workflow is based on using in-house nonisothermal transient code for quantitative interpretation of the full field data. The interpreted data set includes distributed (logs) and station measurements (trends) that were used for quantitative analysis of pressure and temperature for both production and shut-in regimes. We also demonstrate how this approach enables treating challenging contradiction between spinner and other log data caused by the complex structure of the reservoir and wellbore flows. In particular, the paper addresses challenges and the value of quantitative analysis of the transient temperature profiles during shut-in with multiple crossflows.
The paper concludes how joint quantitative analysis of temperature, pressure, and rate data, enables high-confidence zonal allocation and determination of hydrodynamic model in a multilayer reservoir.