bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Traffic Statics and Dynamics in Signalized Networks: A Poincaré Map Approach
Authors: Gan Qi-Jian , Jin Wen-Long , Gayah Vikash V. 
Published: May 2017

An understanding of traffic statics and dynamics is critical for developing effective and efficient control strategies for a signalized road network with turning movements, especially under oversaturated conditions. In this study, we first describe traffic dynamics in a signalized double-ring network with the link queue model, which is a space-continuous approximation of the network kinematic wave model, and rewrite it as a switched affine system, assuming a triangular traffic flow fundamental diagram. Then we define periodic density evolution orbits as stationary states in the network and introduce a Poincaré map in densities, whose fixed points correspond to stationary states. With short cycle lengths and identical green times and retaining ratios in both rings, we are able to derive the closed form of the Poincaré map, from which we can analytically solve stationary states and study their stability properties; it is found that a stationary state can be asymptotically stable, Lyapunov stable, or unstable. By defining the network flow-density relation in stationary states as the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD), we analytically derive an approximate closed-form formula for MFD with green ratios and retaining ratios as parameters. We confirm that in stationary states the network flow rate may not be uniquely defined, and the network can reach a gridlock state at relatively low densities. We also analyze the convergence patterns to asymptotically stable gridlock states with different retaining ratios and initial densities. With more general signal settings and retaining ratios, we develop a secant method to numerically solve the fixed points of the Poincaré maps and plot the corresponding MFDs. Furthermore, numerical simulations are used to study traffic statics in a homogeneous signalized grid network; simulation results reveal a high level of similarity in traffic patterns between the signalized double-ring and grid networks and validate analytical insights obtained from the former. This study provides a springboard for future analytical and numerical studies on traffic statics and dynamics in more general signalized road networks. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0740
Cardiac Papillary Fibroelastoma with Coronary Artery Anomaly: A Case Report
Authors: Xu Hongfei , Chen Liangwei , Ye Chengmeng , Owusu-Ansah Kwabena Gyabaah , Ni Yiming , Li Weidong 
Published: May 2017

Primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare with occurrence range of about 0.0017-0.28%. Papillary fibroelastoma is a benign cardiac neoplasms. Improvement in the early diagnosis has been made possible with the help of high-resolution imaging technology, such as transesophageal echocardiography, combined with ischemic or embolic complications which patients typically present with clinically. We herein present a 51-year-old female patient with a papillary fibroelastoma on the aortic cusp, with its origin from the left coronary sinus. Her only clinical manifestation was angina-like chest pain and syncope. Surgical resection with aortic valve replacement due to the defect as a result of the resected tumor was performed with the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged. A 2-year follow-up showed an intact valve without tumor recurrence.
Forceful arrests: an overview of section 49 of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 and its recent amendments
Authors: Botha Rinda , Visser Jo-Mari 
Published: May 2017

The debate concerning the use of violence by the police force is an endless one. Section 49 of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 serves as a framework for the use of violence by police officers during arrests in South Africa. While some hold the opinion that the powers of the police in this respect should be restricted, others see the 2003 redefined section 49 as a legislative guarantee of a suspect’s right to flee. Against this background this article has as its focus a critical discussion of the historical development of section 49 as well as the recent amendments of the same. The current legal position in South Africa is also compared with that in the United States of America as well as in the United Kingdom. Finally, certain conclusions and recommendations are made in order to enhance more favourable regulation of the employment of force in effecting arrests.
Making water flow in Bengaluru: planning for the resilience of water supply in a semi-arid city
Authors: Unnikrishnana Hita , Mundoli Seema , Nagendra Harini 
Published: May 2017

The south Indian city of Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore) has a long history of human occupation. Today as one of the fastest growing cities in the world, Bengaluru is unusual in the fact that it is an old city, located at a distance from perennial sources of fresh water. While in the precolonial past, it depended upon an interconnected system of rainwater harvesting via lakes and wells, today it relies on water that is pumped from a river at a distance of over a hundred kilometres.This paper traces the evolution of Bengaluru’s water supply infrastructure from the precolonial past into the present day. We posit that the shift of the city’s dependence on water from local to distant sources, with the advent of technology and the introduction of centralized piped water, has weakened local residents’ and policy makers’ awareness of the importance of conservation of local ecosystems. The resulting degradation and conversion of the city’s water bodies has reduced the resilience of Bengaluru to flooding and drought, especially affecting the poorest and most vulnerable of its residents. The disruption of the links between water and other forms of commons, including grazing lands, fishing areas and wooded groves, has further fragmented the once-organic connection between the city and its ecosystems, with widespread construction on wetlands leading to flooding and water scarcity in different seasons. In an era of increasing climate change, cities in semi-arid environments such as Bengaluru will be hit by problems of water scarcity. We stress the need to develop an integrated perspective that considers the importance of local ecosystems as commons for increased urban resilience.
Enhancing Bengaluru’s public transport network: approaches and challenges
Authors: Mukherjee Aloke , Toshniwal Roshan , Mulukutla Pawan 
Published: May 2017

In recent decades, Bengaluru as a metropolis has witnessed explosive growth – both in terms of population, which has doubled since 2001, and growth in vehicles, which have more than quadrupled in the same period (RTO 2016). This has significantly stressed the city’s road infrastructure, leading to congestion and increases in pollution. Economic losses due to congestion for two of the city’s Information Technology corridors alone are estimated at INR227.7 billion annually (Bharadwaj 2015), without taking into account the health costs of increased emissions due to a surge in the number of vehicles plying in the city. ‘Conventional’ solutions addressing congestion within the city — such as road widening, creating one ways and building grade separators such as flyovers and underpasses — have failed to address the issue, and at the current rate of increasing vehicular volumes, the city’s roads are forecast to be completely saturated by 2025.This paper’s premise is that public transport serves as the sole sustainable solution to Bengaluru’s chronic congestion; only a large mode-shift towards public transport by 2025 can help reduce congestion on the city’s roads. The paper advocates the Avoid-Shift-Improve strategy to achieve this, focusing on transport-specific improvements required to incentivise commuters to shift to public transport and identifies institutional and financial changes in the way of enhancing public transport in the city. The paper also forewarns against neglecting the city’s conventional bus system in favour of other, capital-intensive modes of mass-transit, forecasting that buses will continue to meet over 75% of the city’s public transport demand even after the completion of Phase I and II of the city’s metro and the introduction of a functional commuter rail system.
Instrumenty ekonomiczne gospodarki wodnej w świetle projektu ustawy prawo wodne z czerwca 2016
Authors: Godyń Izabela 
Published: May 2017

W tekście przedstawiono planowane zmiany w systemie opłat środowiskowych wynikających z rządowego projektu ustawy wodnej z dnia 23 czerwca 2016 r. Porównanie istniejących i proponowanych instrumentów ekonomicznych jest wykonane na podstawie przepisów projektowanej ustawy oraz przepisów obowiązujących. Zostały przeprowadzone analizy stawek opłat za usługi wodne oraz wpływu ich zmian na ceny niektórych produktów i usług.
Degeneraciones periféricas de retina y su relación con estados refractivos
Authors: Rojas Bocanegra Alberto 
Published: May 2017

El objetivo de éste estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de degeneraciones periféricas de retina y su relación con estados refractivos. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal con exploración de asociación mediante análisis de casos y controles. Se calculó un tamaño de muestra de 671 ojos para examen en el Instituto de Investigaciones Optométricas (IIO) de la Universidad de La Salle y en el Instituto de Córnea. El estado refractivo se determinó mediante la técnica estática y el estado retinal mediante oftalmoscopia indirecta con indentación escleral. El 12,2% de los ojos tenían degeneración retinal periférica y 4,3% ruptura retinal. Se encontró asociación entre miopía y degeneración retinal. La prevalencia de degeneraciones periféricas de retina fue de 12,2%, las más frecuentes fueron lattice y blanco sin presión, la miopía tiene asociación con las degeneraciones periféricas retinales y estas con rupturas retinales.
A Pragmatic Approach to CSR Evaluation: A Comprehensive Framework
Authors: Rahate Vaishali , Shaikh Parvin 
Published: May 2017

<em>Post Globalization Indian companies started making CSR a part of their Business strategy rather than merely restricting it to charity or philanthropy. The most significant breakthrough in CSR took place in 2013 with the introduction of idea of ‘mandatory CSR’. With an enormous increase in the scope of CSR, the companies are struggling to align their organizational objectives with CSR goals. The companies are focusing on Stakeholder engagement, identifying implementation partners, capacity building, and effective project implementation. What is amiss is impetus on monitoring and evaluation of CSR activities. A number of CSR rating agencies have come up with their own indices, but they lack in adequate transparency on evaluation criteria and methodology. There is also inter-agency divergence with respect to company’s evaluation and ranking. This paper proposes a comprehensive and realistic framework which can be implemented in the Indian context for evaluating the CSR activities.<br /> <br /> </em>
Sterile Abscess with Subsequent Iatrogenic Draining Sinus Tract Formation 3 Years After FiberWire and ENDOBUTTON Distal Biceps Brachii Tendon Repair
Authors: Bernstein Derek T. , Sochacki Kyle R. , Jafarnia Kourosh K. 
Published: May 2017

Case:
We report a case of a sterile abscess with subsequent sinus tract formation mimicking infection 3 years after uncomplicated distal biceps brachii tendon repair with FiberWire suture in a 42-year-old man. The preoperative workup for infection was unremarkable. Intraoperative culture specimens confirmed the absence of infection. Excision of the sinus tract and FiberWire-ENDOBUTTON construct was curative. At the 1-year follow-up, there had been no recurrence of symptoms.

Conclusion:
Foreign-body inflammatory reactions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with apparent infection with a history of FiberWire suture fixation and negative serologic workup.
An Experimental Study of Gas Influx in Oil-Based Drilling Fluids for Improved Modeling of High-Pressure, High-Temperature Wells
Authors: Torsvik Anja , Skogestad Jan Ole , Linga Harald 
Published: May 2017

Summary
Oilfield exploration in extreme areas represents additional requirements for drilling-fluid performance and hydraulic models for well control. In general, there is little knowledge about the drilling-fluid properties at high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) conditions, and kick models are based on extrapolation of fluid properties from moderate pressures and temperatures. To verify the validity of extrapolation to downhole HP/HT conditions, increased knowledge about the drilling-fluid behavior under these conditions is required.
In this work, we have experimentally determined the effect of gas absorption on saturation pressure, density, and viscosity at temperatures up to 200°C and at 1,000 bar. We provide accurate measurements of methane solubility in two oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs), which both have the same composition except for the type of base oil (BO). One is based on a refined normal mineral oil, and the other is based on a linear paraffin. For various CH4/OBDF combinations, density and viscosity are measured at pressures and temperatures ranging from standard conditions to HP/HT. The two OBDFs reveal similar flow behavior, but the one that is based on a linear paraffin oil has a stronger gel structure and a stronger shear-thinning effect. This fluid enters the dense-phase region at a lower pressure, and is accordingly able to absorb more gas at a lower pressure than the fluid with a normal mineral oil. Results have been used to validate computational predictions. It is shown that the experimental results form an important basis for tuning the software model to fit the thermodynamic properties of gas-loaded drilling fluid at HP/HT conditions.
Improvement of Soybean Resilience to Drought through Deep Root System in Brazil
Authors: Battisti Rafael , Sentelhas Paulo C. 
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas
A process‐based crop model was used to evaluate yield gain for root system profiles.
Deeper root system reduced yield gap by water deficit.
Soybean yield gain was a function of the interaction of climate and root profile.
Deeper root system is a strategy to mitigate drought effect on soybean crop.
Water deficit is the major source of yield gap for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Brazil, which can be mitigated through physiological soybean traits or soil crop management. Considering these two aspects, the aim of this study was to evaluate the soybean yield gain associated with deeper roots, based on different root profiles observed along soybean production areas in Brazil. The effect of root depth was evaluated for 55 growing seasons in 24 locations in the country. The soybean yield simulations were performed with the CSM‐CROPGRO‐Soybean crop model calibrated for Brazilian conditions. The model's soil root growth factor was changed to create five root distribution profiles in the soil. The deepest root system reached 200 cm, while the shallowest root system was limited to 60 cm. The interaction between root system distribution and climate resulted in different soybean yield levels in the assessed locations. Soybean yield gain increased gradually from shallower to the deeper root systems, ranging between 500 and 2500 kg ha−1. The yield gain tended to be lower when yield was higher (wet growing season) and higher when yield was lower (dry growing season). Under higher water deficit, the yield gain was reduced for all root systems. The results of this study proved that a better root profile distribution increases average soybean yield and reduces yield inter‐annual variability, mainly where water deficit is a problem. Root profile distribution should be considered for improving soybean resilience to water deficit and adapt the crop for a changing climate.
Aerial Interseeded Cover Crop and Corn Residue Harvest: Soil and Crop Impacts
Authors: Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Sindelar Michael , Wortmann Charles S. , Kreikemeier Gary 
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas
Harvesting 71% of corn residue can increase wind erosion potential of a sandy loam soil.
Corn residue harvest did not affect soil fertility and corn yields.
Aerially interseeded winter rye cover crop tended to reduce wind erosion potential.
Residue harvest can increase erosion potential but interseeded cover crop could partly offset this effect.
Corn (Zea mays L.) residue is a forage source and a biofuel feedstock. Excessive residue harvest may, however, result in increased soil erosion risks and degraded soil properties. Aerial interseeding of a cover crop (CC) before harvesting corn may offset adverse effects of residue harvest. We studied the impacts of harvesting 71% of corn residue with and without aerially interseeded winter rye (Secale cereale L.) CC on wind and water erosion potential, soil organic carbon (SOC), nutrients, soil water content, and corn yields in a farmer's field under irrigated strip till continuous corn on a sandy loam in the western Corn Belt from 2013 to 2016. Interseeded CC biomass yield ranged from 0.2 to 3.4 Mg ha−1. Corn residue harvest reduced geometric mean diameter of dry soil aggregates and increased wind erodible fraction (<0.84 mm aggregates) by 0, 27, and 37% in the first, second, and third year, respectively, indicating that residue harvest increased the soil's susceptibility to wind erosion. Cover crop had no effect on geometric mean diameter and erodible fraction. Residue harvest reduced near‐surface water content but CC had no effect. Treatments did not affect fertility properties and corn yield. In spring, surface cover was 24.7% in residue‐harvested plots without CC and 65.3% in residue‐harvested plots with CC, indicating that CC provided soil protective cover. Overall. interseeded grass CC may not rapidly improve soil properties, but the added soil cover provided by the interseeded CC could partly offset the effect of residue harvest on wind erosion potential in sandy loam soils.
Ações Afirmativas nos Governos FHC e Lula: um Balanço
Authors: Dos Santos Sales Augusto 
Published: May 2017

Neste artigo, buscaremos demonstrar que tanto para a administração Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC), de orientação pró-mercado ou neoliberal, quanto para a administração Lula, de orientação pró-políticas sociais, a questão racial e/ou as desigualdades raciais (que afetam expressivamente a população negra), assim como as propostas de combate ao racismo, não foram prioridade em suas agendas.
2012: Ponto de Chegada, Ponto de Partida
Authors: Beraldo Antonio Fernando de C. A. , Magrone Eduardo , Ventura Tailiny Paula 
Published: May 2017

As universidades públicas federais se movimentam para atender à Lei das Cotas, ou para consolidar as políticas de inclusão já adotadas pela maioria delas. A convergência, em 2012, de dois importantes vetores nas políticas públicas do ensino superior - apressão do movimento negro pela implantação de políticas afirmativas, e a expansão das universidades promovida pelo REUNI,após anos de medidas restritivas do governo FHC-, foi eficaz na inclusão dos menos favorecidos, porém, ao mesmo tempo, acentuou as imensas deficiências do ensino básico. Isto faz com que uma parcela dos alunos que ingressaram pelas cotas tenha um rendimento acadêmico muito abaixo dos demais. Há muito que fazer, não só em termos de amparo material, mas, principalmente, de medidas pedagógicas que diminuam a evasão e façam valer o investimento que a sociedade faz, inserindo bons profissionais no mercado de trabalho.
A mulher no serviço operacional da Polícia Militar de Sergipe: relações de poder e produção de sentido no cotidiano
Authors: Damasceno Braga Élida 
Published: May 2017

A pesquisa analisou o cotidiano das mulheres policiais que atuam no serviço operacional da Polícia Militar de Sergipe, como é o caso do Batalhão de Choque. As estratégias propostas pelas relações estabelecidas elencam possíveis situações de desrespeito, visto que o modelo de masculinidade é predominante no cotidiano policial. A problemática se deu em torno de compreender como a mulher se caracteriza no âmbito das relações de gênero e poderque ali se estabelecem. Foram realizadas nove entrevistas. A análise permitiu mostrar que a participação das mulheres nesse contexto está envolto por poderes estabelecidos, o não reconhecimento de certas ações em detrimento do modelo de masculinidade, mas também aponta para novas formas de se fazer o policiamento. As mulheres se aliam ao modelo já estabelecido, ampliando-os astuciosamente com outros atributos, utilizando-os como táticas para superar as dificuldades que enfrentam no exercício de sua função.
Sociologia da inovação técnica: da crítica à técnica ao design sócio-técnico
Authors: Josef Brüseke Franz 
Published: May 2017

O fato que a força motriz inovadora dos tempos modernos foi identificada com a racionalização dificulta até hoje uma interpretação exclusivamente positiva do conceito de inovação. Mas é possível pensar na técnica e seu futuro sem se render a uma crítica abstrata, fornecida pelo discurso ético? Ou sem se deixar levar por uma requentada filosofia do progresso, com a inovação tecnológica no seu centro? Neste momento não surpreende mais, tanto que o conceito de design começa substituir, para alguns autores, os antigos conceitos de modernização ou até de revolução. Nessa perspectiva até o conceito de inovação pode ser substituído pelo conceito do design, com a vantagem de fornecer critérios diferenciados do seu uso. Revisitar, e seja isto somente enquanto exercício da nossa imaginação como inventores e inovadores, aquilo que existia enquanto techné antes dos tempos modernos, pode eventualmente dar pistas para um redesign do dispositivo técnico contemporâneo. Redescobrir o momento estético da antiga técnica diminui, porventura, a terrível tensão entre as inovações tecnológicas e as exigências éticas contemporâneas.
A luta contra a homofobia: das condições de constituição dos movimentos homossexual e LGBTTT em Sergipe
Authors: Salvador Moura Costa Patrícia Rosalba , Ribeiro de Melo Marcos 
Published: May 2017

Este artigo objetiva pontuar algumas características que marcaram a institucionalização dos movimentos Homossexual e LGBTTT no Estado de Sergipe, buscando-se estabelecer um elo entre as pautas de luta do movimento e a construção de políticas públicas no combate a homofobia. A metodologia usada está baseada na análise teórica no campo de estudos dos gêneros e sexualidades, os dados foram aferidos através de pesquisa documental e entrevistas. Os resultados mostram que os movimentos homossexuais e LGBTTT desenvolveram importantes mobilizações no Estado sergipano em torno das causas homossexuais. Os pontos fortes de luta incluíam o combate à violência contra homossexuais, a exigência de políticas públicas de prevenção à AIDS, e a luta incessante em prol do respeito à diversidade.
Nanotecnologias e os desafios no campo alimentar: Que futuro nos espera?
Authors: Da Silva Tania Elias Magno , Engelmann Wilson , Hohendorf Raquel 
Published: May 2017

O artigo discute os possíveis impactos sociais que podem ser ge- rados frente aos avanços no campo das nanotecnologias, quan- do utilizadas na produção alimentar. Embasados no pensamen- to crítico de Morin, E; Beck, U; Baumann, Z; Giddens, A, entre outros cientistas e estudiosos que questionam as encruzilhadas que o estágio atual do desenvolvimento tecnocientífico tem nos colocado e o que o futuro pode nos reservar, partimos do prin- cípio de não dissociar modernidade de desenvolvimento e pro- gresso, este último traduzido pelos avanços do conhecimento científico e as conquistas no campo tecnológico, pois são pro- cessos imbricados um no outro e interdependentes. Outro ponto que guiou o estudo foi a estreita relação entre desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico e mercado, pois as nanotecnologias se enquadram nesta relação.