bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refining the role of presurgical PET/4D‐CT in a large series of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing [18F]Fluorocholine PET/CT
Authors: Kaseb Ashjan , Benider Houda , Treglia Giorgio , Cusumano Caterina , Bessac Darejan , Trimboli Pierpaolo , Vix Michel , Piccardo Arnoldo , Latgé Adrien , Imperiale Alessio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground4D‐CT has garnered attention as complementary imaging for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Herein we evaluated a diagnostic strategy using [18F]Fluorocholine Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT), followed by 4D‐CT integrated into PET/4D‐CT after negative/inconclusive PET/CT results in a single‐center retrospective cohort of 166 pHPT patients who underwent parathyroidectomy after [18F]Fluorocholine PET/4D‐CT.MethodsPET/CT and 4D‐CT images were interpreted by three nuclear medicine physicians and one expert radiologist. Pathological findings were documented, and concordance rates were assessed. PET/CT results were categorized as positive/negative, with positive cases rated on a 3‐level certitude scale: low, moderate, high. Inconclusive cases included low/moderate positivity. The added value of PET/4D‐CT was assessed for negative/inconclusive cases through joint reading.ResultsPET/CT lesion‐based analysis showed almost perfect interobserver concordance (Cohen's kappa >.8). Across the cohort, PET/CT had a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 97%, PPV of 90% and NPV of 94%. For 4D‐CT, these values were sensitivity: 53%, specificity: 84%, PPV: 56% and NPV: 82%. PET/CT was significantly more accurate than 4D‐CT. Among 44 patients with negative/inconclusive results, PET/CT had sensitivity: 60%, specificity: 91%, PPV: 71% and NPV: 86%. In the same patients, sensitivity and specificity of the sequential diagnostic algorithm increased to 80% and 97%, showing significantly better global accuracy (92% vs. 83%) than standard PET/CT.ConclusionsWe support a personalized imaging algorithm for pHPT, placing [18F]Fluorocholine PET/CT at the forefront, followed by 4D‐CT integrated into PET/4D‐CT in the same imaging session for negative/inconclusive results. When PET/CT results are clearly positive, the additional sensitivity benefit of 4D‐CT is minimal.
Sustainable Growth of Learner Engagement and Well‐Being Through Social (Teacher and Peer) Support: The Mediator Role of Self‐Efficacy
Authors: Song Yang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe facilitation of learners' achievement may be enhanced by considering the role of different constructs of positive psychology (PP) such as well‐being and engagement. Besides, there is a widespread belief that self‐efficacy has become an important psychological construct that can affect learners' academic performance. Additionally, the interpersonal connections that learners have with their teachers and peers within the educational setting play a pivotal role in their intellectual development. Several studies have confirmed that both peers and teachers have a significant role in shaping the academic performance of learners. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of empirical research examining the potential relationship between peer and teacher support and its impact on learner engagement (LE), and well‐being with the mediator role of self‐efficacy. Therefore, this research was designed to examine it among 640 students in China. The package of five questionnaires, namely the teacher and peer support, LE, well‐being, and self‐efficacy was administered to collect the data. The results obtained from the structural equation model (SEM) indicated that students who receive higher levels of support from their educators and classmates were engaged more and had high well‐being. Moreover, regression analysis indicated that social (teacher and peer) support was a predictor of both well‐being (β = 0.436, p < 0.01) and engagement (β = 0.666, p < 0.01). Furthermore, social (teacher and peer) support was a strong predictor of efficacy (β = 0.768, p < 0.01). Indeed, self‐efficacy could predict both well‐being (β = 0.446, p < 0.01) and engagement (β = 0.183, p < 0.01). As a result, some suggestions are recommended for teachers, students, teacher educators and other members of the academic community.
What Matters in PhD Students' Creativity? The Roles of Academic Psychological Capital and Academic Engagement
Authors: Cao Fei , Li Mengting , Zhang Li‐fang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDrawing on the job demands–resources theory, this study pioneered the investigation of the influence of academic psychological capital (including self‐efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism) on PhD students' creativity (including novelty and usefulness). It further explored the mediating role of academic engagement (including vigour, dedication, and absorption) in this relationship. A sample of 376 PhD students at two comprehensive universities in Jiangsu province, mainland China, responded to an online survey. Results showed that: (1) PhD students' self‐efficacy, resilience, and optimism positively predicted novelty, and all four dimensions of academic psychological capital positively predicted the usefulness dimension of creativity; and (2) dedication mediated the effects of hope and optimism on both novelty and usefulness; however, vigour and absorption did not mediate the association between academic psychological capital and creativity. The findings highlight the significance of academic psychological capital and academic engagement, especially dedication, in optimising PhD students' creativity.
Individual Education Plan Priorities: Insights From the Autistic Community and Educators Supporting Autistic Learners
Authors: Gormley Laura , Ramey Devon , Grennan Carrie , Koka Nathalie 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIndividual education plan (IEP) quality is a strong predictor of student outcomes and progress towards their goals. In the Republic of Ireland, unlike many other jurisdictions, IEPs are not compulsory, regulated or assessed. Therefore, the aim of our co‐produced, mixed‐methods study was to identify and understand the IEP priorities of the autistic community as well as educators supporting autistic students in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. In total, 109 participants completed the survey. Sixty‐five of the participants were non‐autistic educators, 34 were autistic non‐educators, and 10 were autistic educators. Social inclusion, independence and communication were IEP goals prioritised by all participant groups. Promotion of autistic well‐being was the primary reason for these priorities. The impact of these findings, particularly as they relate to Initial Teacher Education, is discussed.
Biological Findings and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated With R‐CHOP Plus High‐Dose Methotrexate as First‐Line Therapy in Large B‐Cell Lymphoma With Testis Involvement
Authors: Liévin R. , Burroni B. , Balducci E. , Palmic P. , Decroocq J. , Deau‐Fischer B. , Franchi P. , Vignon M. , Zerbit J. , Cottereau A. S. , Touzart A. , Villarese P. , Kaltenbach S. , Lhermitte L. , Asnafi V. , Bouscary D. , Willems L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPrimary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a rare occurrence of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that accounts for 1%–2% of all cases. Nodal DLBCL with testis involvement (DLBCL‐T) and PTL are associated with poor prognosis, with high incidence of central nervous system relapse. Fifteen patients (median age 60 years) with PTL (n = 5) or DLBCL‐T (n = 10) received high‐dose methotrexate + R‐CHOP. Overall, complete response (CR) rate was 73% and overall response rate 86%. With a 3.9‐year median follow‐up, 100% of patients with PTL had CR and none relapsed. On the contrary, 55% of DLBCL‐T patients achieved CR among which only one was still in remission at the end of follow‐up. Molecular parallels between PTL and Primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL) suggest shared origins, urging further research for tailored treatments and enhanced understanding of these lymphomas' biology.
Pallidal neuronal activity in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and dystonic patients: A comparative study
Authors: Lamothe Hugues , Karachi Carine , Lehongre Katia , Buot Anne , Grabli David , Thobois Stephane , Burguière Eric , Giordana Caroline , Houeto Jean‐Luc , Mallet Luc , Vidailhet Marie , Welter Marie‐Laure 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and dystonia (DYS) are both hyperkinetic movement disorders effectively treated by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal part of the globus pallidus (GPi). In this study, we compared single‐neuron activity in the GPi between 18 GTS patients (with an average of 41 cells per patient) and 17 DYS patients (with an average of 54 cells per patient), all of whom underwent bilateral pallidal stimulation surgery, under general anesthesia or while awake at rest. We found no significant differences in GPi neuronal activity characteristics between patients operated on under general anesthesia versus those who were awake, irrespective of their diagnosis (GTS or DYS). We found higher firing rates, firing rate in bursts, pause duration and interspike interval coefficient of variation in GTS patients compared to DYS patients. On the opposite, we found higher number of pauses and bursts frequency in DYS patients. Lastly, we found a higher proportion of GPi oscillatory activities in DYS compared to GTS patients, with predominant activity within the low‐frequency band (theta/alpha) in both patient groups. These findings underscore the complex relationship between the different neuronal discharge characteristic such as oscillatory or bursting activity within the GPi in shaping the clinical phenotypes of hyperkinetic disorders. Further research is warranted to deepen our understanding of how neuronal patterns are transmitted within deep brain structures and to develop strategies aimed at normalizing these pathological activities, by refining DBS techniques to enhance treatment efficacy and individual outcomes.
Predicting and Prioritising Community Assembly: Learning Outcomes via Experiments
Authors: Blonder Benjamin W. , Lim Michael H. , Godoy Oscar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCommunity assembly provides the foundation for applications in biodiversity conservation, climate change, invasion, restoration and synthetic ecology. However, predicting and prioritising assembly outcomes remains difficult. We address this challenge via a mechanism‐free approach useful when little data or knowledge exist (LOVE; Learning Outcomes Via Experiments). We carry out assembly experiments (‘actions’, here, random combinations of species additions) potentially in multiple environments, wait, and measure abundance outcomes. We then train a model to predict outcomes of novel actions or prioritise actions that would yield the most desirable outcomes. Across 10 single‐ and multi‐environment datasets, when trained on 89 randomly selected actions, LOVE predicts outcomes with 0.5%–3.4% mean error, and prioritises actions for maximising richness, maximising abundance, or removing unwanted species, with 94%–99% mean true positive rate and 10%–84% mean true negative rate across tasks. LOVE complements existing mechanism‐first approaches for community ecology and may help address numerous applied challenges.
Differential Selection for Survival and for Growth in Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Experiments With Benzalkonium Chloride
Authors: Schmidt Selina B. I. , Täschner Tom , Nordholt Niclas , Schreiber Frank 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBiocides are used to control microorganisms across different applications, but emerging resistance may pose risks for those applications. Resistance to biocides has commonly been studied using adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments with growth at subinhibitory concentrations linked to serial subculturing. It has been shown recently that Escherichia coli adapts to repeated lethal stress imposed by the biocide benzalkonium chloride (BAC) by increased survival (i.e., tolerance) and not by evolving the ability to grow at increased concentrations (i.e., resistance). Here, we investigate the contributions of evolution for tolerance as opposed to resistance for the outcome of ALE experiments with E. coli exposed to BAC. We find that BAC concentrations close to the half maximal effective concentration (EC50, 4.36 μg mL−1) show initial killing (~40%) before the population resumes growth. This indicates that cells face a two‐fold selection pressure: for increased survival and for increased growth. To disentangle the effects of both selection pressures, we conducted two ALE experiments: (i) one with initial killing and continued stress close to the EC50 during growth and (ii) another with initial killing and no stress during growth. Phenotypic characterization of adapted populations showed that growth at higher BAC concentrations was only selected for when BAC was present during growth. Whole genome sequencing revealed distinct differences in mutated genes across treatments. Treatments selecting for survival‐only led to mutations in genes for metabolic regulation (cyaA) and cellular structure (flagella fliJ), while treatments selecting for growth and survival led to mutations in genes related to stress response (hslO and tufA). Our results demonstrate that serial subculture ALE experiments with an antimicrobial at subinhibitory concentrations can select for increased growth and survival. This finding has implications for the design of ALE experiments to assess resistance risks of antimicrobials in different scenarios such as disinfection, preservation, and environmental pollution.
Immediate Genetic Augmentation and Enhanced Habitat Connectivity Are Required to Secure the Future of an Iconic Endangered Freshwater Fish Population
Authors: Pavlova Alexandra , Pearce Luke , Sturgiss Felicity , Lake Erin , Sunnucks Paul , Lintermans Mark 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGenetic diversity is rapidly lost from small, isolated populations by genetic drift. Measuring the level of genetic drift using effective population size (Ne) is highly useful for management. Single‐cohort genetic Ne estimators approximate the number of breeders in one season (Nb): a value < 100 signals likely inbreeding depression. Per‐generation Ne < 1000 estimated from multiple cohort signals reduced adaptive potential. Natural populations rarely meet assumptions of Ne‐estimation, so interpreting estimates is challenging. Macquarie perch is an endangered Australian freshwater fish threatened by severely reduced range, habitat loss, and fragmentation. To counteract low Ne, augmented gene flow is being implemented in several populations. In the Murrumbidgee River, unknown effects of water management on among‐site connectivity impede the design of effective interventions. Using DArT SNPs for 328 Murrumbidgee individuals sampled across several sites and years with different flow conditions, we assessed population structure, site isolation, heterozygosity, inbreeding, and Ne. We tested for inbreeding depression, assessed genetic diversity and dispersal, and evaluated whether individuals translocated from Cataract Reservoir to the Murrumbidgee River bred, and interbred with local fish. We found strong genetic structure, indicating complete or partial isolation of river fragments. This structure violates assumptions of Ne estimation, resulting in strongly downwardly biased Nb estimates unless assessed per‐site, highlighting the necessity to account for population structure while estimating Ne. Inbreeding depression was not detected, but with low Nb at each site, inbreeding and inbreeding depression are likely. These results flagged the necessity to address within‐river population connectivity through flow management and genetic mixing through translocations among sites and from other populations. Three detected genetically diverse offspring of a translocated Cataract fish and a local parent indicated that genetic mixing is in progress. Including admixed individuals in estimates yielded lower Ne but higher heterozygosity, suggesting heterozygosity is a preferable indicator of genetic augmentation.
Fretting Fatigue Life Model Under Combined Loading
Authors: Salehi Erfan , Polycarpou Andreas A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper evaluates the capability of the theory of critical distances (TCD) coupled with the Fatemi–Socie (FS), Smith–Watson–Topper (SWT), and normal stress range (S‐N) criteria for the lifetime estimation of combined fretting fatigue, that is, the combination of bending and axial loading modes, for 316L stainless steel along with the effect of increasing the grain size of the material. After evaluating the stress field, the point, line, area, and volume methods have been implemented to estimate the lifetimes of fretting fatigue experiments based on the dependency of the critical distance on the number of cycles to failure. Whereas the area and volume methods were overestimating the lifetimes, the point and line methods were more accurate. FS and SWT criteria were proper in lifetime estimation, but the normal stress range (S‐N) criterion was not a safe criterion. At the same time, increasing the grain size of the material leads the TCD to be more conservative.
A Hybrid Mechanism and Data‐Driven Approach for Predicting Fatigue Life of MEMS Devices by Physics‐Informed Neural Networks
Authors: Cheng Jiaxing , Lu Junxi , Liu Bangjian , An Jing , Shen Anping 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTOur research group has focused on the long‐term performance degradation of micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS) devices under mechanical, thermal, and electrical stresses. We previously used physics‐based models for performance prediction, but the diverse materials, structures, and environmental conditions of MEMS devices affect their long‐term stability. Traditional physics‐based models struggle to account for these factors, limiting practical application. To address this, we employ data‐driven methods to include more variables. This paper introduces a hybrid approach combining physical principles with data‐driven techniques, specifically physics‐informed neural networks (PINN), to model and analyze performance degradation in MEMS resonators. We compare this method with previous physics‐based and data‐driven approaches (support vector machine and random forest) under identical conditions. The hybrid method not only provides accurate predictions but also considers more operating conditions, enhancing practical application.
On the Growth of Small Cracks in 2024‐T3 and Boeing Space, Intelligence and Weapon Systems AM LPBF Scalmalloy®
Authors: Jones R. , Ang A. , Aston R. W. , Schoenborn N. D. , Champagne V. K. , Peng D. , Phan N. D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe desire to use additively manufactured (AM) parts to ensure the availability of military aircraft, and to build limited‐life unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), coupled with the United States Air Force (USAF) approach to the airworthiness certification of AM parts has focused attention on durability analysis/assessment, and hence on the growth of small cracks in AM parts. Previous studies have shown that laser powder fusion built (LPBF) Scalmalloy® has: i) A yield stress and an ultimate strength that are greater than that of AA2024‐T3 and comparable to that of AA7075‐T6; ii) A resistance to crack growth that is better than that of AA7075‐T6 and comparable to that of AA2024‐T3. However, since the ability to predict the durability of a part is essential for its airworthiness certification, the present paper illustrates how to perform a linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM)‐based durability assessment of Boeing Space, Intelligence and Weapon System (BSIWS) LPBF Scalmalloy®. The durability study includes specimens with both machined surfaces and surfaces left in the as‐built condition. As a result, it would appear that BISWS AM LPBF Scalmalloy® is an ideal candidate for building limited‐life AM replacement parts for fixed and rotary wing aircraft and drones.
Combining Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) and Conventional Scientific Knowledge (CSK) for Exploring Nursery Grounds and Spawning Biology of Yellowtail Catfish Pangasius pangasius in the Meghna River Estuary, Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Debasish , Mojumder Nishita , Mondal Shuvagato , Nahiduzzaman Md. , Rahman Md. Jalilur , Mamun Abdullah‐Al , Wahab Md. Abdul 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe yellowtail catfish (Pangasius pangasius) population in Bangladesh is facing imminent threats that led to endangered status. We used conventional scientific knowledge (CSK) and local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishers (n = 155) to identify nursery grounds and spawning seasons of yellowtail catfish in the Meghna river estuary. Nineteen nursery grounds were pinpointed using fishers' LEK (confluence/influent zone, current, depth, catch data, and turbidity) and later validated by CPUE data. The peak spawning season was identified in July–September based on GSI (gonadosomatic index) and LEK (58.06% of fishers identified the spawning season). Fecundity (810,980 ± 455,679) and condition factor (0.94–1.52) were quantified with CSK. Using CSK and LEK to delineate nursery grounds and spawning season underscores the value of LEK as a tool for fish population management that deserves policy recommendation and wider application.
Metabolic gatekeepers: Dynamic roles of sugar transporters in insect metabolism and physiology
Authors: Chaudhari Bhagyashri Y. , Pradhan Aditya G. , Joshi Rakesh S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSugars play multiple critical roles in insects, serving as energy sources, carbon skeletons, osmolytes and signalling molecules. The transport of sugars from source to sink via membrane proteins is essential for the uptake, distribution and utilization of sugars across various tissues. Sugar supply and distribution are crucial for insect development, flight, diapause and reproduction. Insect sugar transporters (STs) share significant structural and functional similarities with those in mammals and other higher eukaryotes. However, they exhibit unique characteristics, including differential regulation, substrate selectivity and kinetics. Here, we have discussed structural diversity, evolutionary trends, expression dynamics, mechanisms of action and functional significance of insect STs. The sequence and structural diversity of insect STs, highlighted by the analysis of conserved domains and evolutionary patterns, underpins their functional differentiation and divergence. The review emphasizes the importance of STs in insect metabolism, physiology and stress tolerance. It also discusses how variations in transporter regulation, expression, selectivity and activity contribute to functional differences. Furthermore, we have underlined the potential and necessity of studying these mechanisms and roles to gain a deeper understanding of insect glycobiology. Understanding the regulation and function of sugar transporters is vital for comprehending insect metabolism and physiological potential. This review provides valuable insights into the diverse functionalities of insect STs and their significant roles in metabolism and physiology.