bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deubiquitylating enzyme USP9x regulates hippo pathway activity by controlling angiomotin protein turnover
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Hung , Andrejeva Diana , Gupta Rajat , Choudhary Chunaram , Hong Xin , Eichhorn Pieter J A , Loya Anand C , Cohen Stephen M 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Hippo pathway has been identified as a key barrier for tumorigenesis, acting through downregulation of YAP/TAZ activity. Elevated YAP/TAZ activity has been documented in many human cancers. Ubiquitylation has been shown to play a key role in regulating YAP/TAZ activity through downregulation of a number of Hippo pathway components. Several ubiquitin ligase complexes have been implicated in this process, however, little is known about the deubiquitylating enzymes that counteract these activities to regulate YAP/TAZ. Here we identify the deubiquitylating enzyme USP9x as a regulator of YAP/TAZ activity. We demonstrate that USPx regulates ubiquitin-mediated turnover of the YAP inhibitor, Angiomotin. USP9x acts to deubiquitylate Angiomotin at lysine 496, resulting in stabilization of Angiomotin and lower YAP/TAZ activity. USP9x mRNA levels were reduced in several cancers. Clinically, USP9x mRNA levels were reduced in several cancers with low USPx expression correlating with poor prognosis in renal clear cell carcinoma. Our data indicate that USP9x may be a useful biomarker for renal clear cell carcinoma.
Interplanar coupling-dependent magnetoresistivity in high-purity layered metals
Authors: Kikugawa N. , Goswami P. , Kiswandhi A. , Choi E. S. , Graf D. , Baumbach R. E. , Brooks J. S. , Sugii K. , Iida Y. , Nishio M. , Uji S. , Terashima T. , Rourke P.M.C. , Hussey N. E. , Takatsu H. , Yonezawa S. , Maeno Y. , Balicas L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe magnetic field-induced changes in the conductivity of metals are the subject of intense interest, both for revealing new phenomena and as a valuable tool for determining their Fermi surface. Here we report a hitherto unobserved magnetoresistive effect in ultra-clean layered metals, namely a negative longitudinal magnetoresistance that is capable of overcoming their very pronounced orbital one. This effect is correlated with the interlayer coupling disappearing for fields applied along the so-called Yamaji angles where the interlayer coupling vanishes. Therefore, it is intrinsically associated with the Fermi points in the field-induced quasi-one-dimensional electronic dispersion, implying that it results from the axial anomaly among these Fermi points. In its original formulation, the anomaly is predicted to violate separate number conservation laws for left- and right-handed chiral (for example, Weyl) fermions. Its observation in PdCoO2, PtCoO2 and Sr2RuO4 suggests that the anomaly affects the transport of clean conductors, in particular near the quantum limit.
Unpredictable environments lead to the evolution of parental neglect in birds
Authors: Caro Shana M. , Griffin Ashleigh S. , Hinde Camilla A. , West Stuart A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA nest of begging chicks invites an intuitive explanation: needy chicks want to be fed and parents want to feed them. Surprisingly, however, in a quarter of species studied, parents ignore begging chicks. Furthermore, parents in some species even neglect smaller chicks that beg more, and preferentially feed the biggest chicks that beg less. This extreme variation across species, which contradicts predictions from theory, represents a major outstanding problem for the study of animal signalling. We analyse parent–offspring communication across 143 bird species, and show that this variation correlates with ecological differences. In predictable and good environments, chicks in worse condition beg more, and parents preferentially feed those chicks. In unpredictable and poor environments, parents pay less attention to begging, and instead rely on size cues or structural signals of quality. Overall, these results show how ecological variation can lead to different signalling systems being evolutionarily stable in different species.
Additive opportunistic capture explains group hunting benefits in African wild dogs
Authors: Hubel Tatjana Y. , Myatt Julia P. , Jordan Neil R. , Dewhirst Oliver P. , McNutt J. Weldon , Wilson Alan M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAfrican wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) are described as highly collaborative endurance pursuit hunters based on observations derived primarily from the grass plains of East Africa. However, the remaining population of this endangered species mainly occupies mixed woodland savannah where hunting strategies appear to differ from those previously described. We used high-resolution GPS and inertial technology to record fine-scale movement of all members of a single pack of six adult African wild dogs in northern Botswana. The dogs used multiple short-distance hunting attempts with a low individual kill rate (15.5%), but high group feeding rate due to the sharing of prey. Use of high-level cooperative chase strategies (coordination and collaboration) was not recorded. In the mixed woodland habitats typical of their current range, simultaneous, opportunistic, short-distance chasing by dogs pursuing multiple prey (rather than long collaborative pursuits of single prey by multiple individuals) could be the key to their relative success in these habitats.
Energy cost and return for hunting in African wild dogs and cheetahs
Authors: Hubel Tatjana Y. , Myatt Julia P. , Jordan Neil R. , Dewhirst Oliver P. , McNutt J. Weldon , Wilson Alan M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAfrican wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) are reported to hunt with energetically costly long chase distances. We used high-resolution GPS and inertial technology to record 1,119 high-speed chases of all members of a pack of six adult African wild dogs in northern Botswana. Dogs performed multiple short, high-speed, mostly unsuccessful chases to capture prey, while cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) undertook even shorter, higher-speed hunts. We used an energy balance model to show that the energy return from group hunting and feeding substantially outweighs the cost of multiple short chases, which indicates that African wild dogs are more energetically robust than previously believed. Comparison with cheetah illustrates the trade-off between sheer athleticism and high individual kill rate characteristic of cheetahs, and the energetic robustness of frequent opportunistic group hunting and feeding by African wild dogs.
Defects in TRPM7 channel function deregulate thrombopoiesis through altered cellular Mg2+ homeostasis and cytoskeletal architecture
Authors: Stritt Simon , Nurden Paquita , Favier Remi , Favier Marie , Ferioli Silvia , Gotru Sanjeev K. , van Eeuwijk Judith M M. , Schulze Harald , Nurden Alan T. , Lambert Michele P. , Turro Ernest , Burger-Stritt Stephanie , Matsushita Masayuki , Mittermeier Lorenz , Ballerini Paola , Zierler Susanna , Laffan Michael A. , Chubanov Vladimir , Gudermann Thomas , Nieswandt Bernhard , Braun Attila 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMg2+ plays a vital role in platelet function, but despite implications for life-threatening conditions such as stroke or myocardial infarction, the mechanisms controlling [Mg2+]i in megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets are largely unknown. Transient receptor potential melastatin-like 7 channel (TRPM7) is a ubiquitous, constitutively active cation channel with a cytosolic α-kinase domain that is critical for embryonic development and cell survival. Here we report that impaired channel function of TRPM7 in MKs causes macrothrombocytopenia in mice (Trpm7fl/fl-Pf4Cre) and likely in several members of a human pedigree that, in addition, suffer from atrial fibrillation. The defect in platelet biogenesis is mainly caused by cytoskeletal alterations resulting in impaired proplatelet formation by Trpm7fl/fl-Pf4Cre MKs, which is rescued by Mg2+ supplementation or chemical inhibition of non-muscle myosin IIA heavy chain activity. Collectively, our findings reveal that TRPM7 dysfunction may cause macrothrombocytopenia in humans and mice.
Structure of the full-length TRPV2 channel by cryo-EM
Authors: Huynh Kevin W. , Cohen Matthew R. , Jiang Jiansen , Samanta Amrita , Lodowski David T. , Zhou Z. Hong , Moiseenkova-Bell Vera Y. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTransient receptor potential (TRP) proteins form a superfamily Ca2+-permeable cation channels regulated by a range of chemical and physical stimuli. Structural analysis of a ‘minimal’ TRP vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) elucidated a mechanism of channel activation by agonists through changes in its outer pore region. Though homologous to TRPV1, other TRPV channels (TRPV2–6) are insensitive to TRPV1 activators including heat and vanilloids. To further understand the structural basis of TRPV channel function, we determined the structure of full-length TRPV2 at ∼5 Å resolution by cryo-electron microscopy. Like TRPV1, TRPV2 contains two constrictions, one each in the pore-forming upper and lower gates. The agonist-free full-length TRPV2 has wider upper and lower gates compared with closed and agonist-activated TRPV1. We propose these newly revealed TRPV2 structural features contribute to diversity of TRPV channels.
Positioning of centrioles is a conserved readout of Frizzled planar cell polarity signalling
Authors: Carvajal-Gonzalez Jose Maria , Roman Angel-Carlos , Mlodzik Marek 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPlanar cell polarity (PCP) signalling is a well-conserved developmental pathway regulating cellular orientation during development. An evolutionarily conserved pathway readout is not established and, moreover, it is thought that PCP mediated cellular responses are tissue-specific. A key PCP function in vertebrates is to regulate coordinated centriole/cilia positioning, a function that has not been associated with PCP in Drosophila. Here we report instructive input of Frizzled-PCP (Fz/PCP) signalling into polarized centriole positioning in Drosophila wings. We show that centrioles are polarized in pupal wing cells as a readout of PCP signalling, with both gain and loss-of-function Fz/PCP signalling affecting centriole polarization. Importantly, loss or gain of centrioles does not affect Fz/PCP establishment, implicating centriolar positioning as a conserved PCP-readout, likely downstream of PCP-regulated actin polymerization. Together with vertebrate data, these results suggest a unifying model of centriole/cilia positioning as a common downstream effect of PCP signalling from flies to mammals.
Dental MRI using wireless intraoral coils
Authors: Ludwig Ute , Eisenbeiss Anne-Katrin , Scheifele Christian , Nelson Katja , Bock Michael , Hennig Jürgen , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Herdt Olga , Flügge Tabea , Hövener Jan-Bernd 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCurrently, the gold standard for dental imaging is projection radiography or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). These methods are fast and cost-efficient, but exhibit poor soft tissue contrast and expose the patient to ionizing radiation (X-rays). The need for an alternative imaging modality e.g. for soft tissue management has stimulated a rising interest in dental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which provides superior soft tissue contrast. Compared to X-ray imaging, however, so far the spatial resolution of MRI is lower and the scan time is longer. In this contribution, we describe wireless, inductively-coupled intraoral coils whose local sensitivity enables high resolution MRI of dental soft tissue. In comparison to CBCT, a similar image quality with complementary contrast was obtained ex vivo. In-vivo, a voxel size of the order of 250∙250∙500 μm3 was achieved in 4 min only. Compared to dental MRI acquired with clinical equipment, the quality of the images was superior in the sensitive volume of the coils and is expected to improve the planning of interventions and monitoring thereafter. This method may enable a more accurate dental diagnosis and avoid unnecessary interventions, improving patient welfare and bringing MRI a step closer to becoming a radiation-free alternative for dental imaging.
Transcriptome profile of the early stages of breast cancer tumoral spheroids
Authors: Pacheco-Marín Rosario , Melendez-Zajgla Jorge , Castillo-Rojas Gonzalo , Mandujano-Tinoco Edna , Garcia-Venzor Alfredo , Uribe-Carvajal Salvador , Cabrera-Orefice Alfredo , Gonzalez-Torres Carolina , Gaytan-Cervantes Javier , Mitre-Aguilar Irma B. , Maldonado Vilma 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOxygen or nutrient deprivation of early stage tumoral spheroids can be used to reliably mimic the initial growth of primary and metastatic cancer cells. However, cancer cell growth during the initial stages has not been fully explored using a genome-wide approach. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the transcriptome of breast cancer cells during the initial stages of tumoral growth using RNAseq in a model of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids (MTS). Network analyses showed that a metastatic signature was enriched as several adhesion molecules were deregulated, including EPCAM, E-cadherin, integrins and syndecans, which were further supported by an increase in cell migration. Interestingly, we also found that the cancer cells at this stage of growth exhibited a paradoxical hyperactivation of oxidative mitochondrial metabolism. In addition, we found a large number of regulated (long non coding RNA) lncRNAs, several of which were co-regulated with neighboring genes. The regulatory role of some of these lncRNAs on mRNA expression was demonstrated with gain of function assays. This is the first report of an early-stage MTS transcriptome, which not only reveals a complex expression landscape, but points toward an important contribution of long non-coding RNAs in the final phenotype of three-dimensional cellular models.
The sympathy of two pendulum clocks: beyond Huygens’ observations
Authors: Peña Ramirez Jonatan , Olvera Luis Alberto , Nijmeijer Henk , Alvarez Joaquin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper introduces a modern version of the classical Huygens’ experiment on synchronization of pendulum clocks. The version presented here consists of two monumental pendulum clocks—ad hoc designed and fabricated—which are coupled through a wooden structure. It is demonstrated that the coupled clocks exhibit ‘sympathetic’ motion, i.e. the pendula of the clocks oscillate in consonance and in the same direction. Interestingly, when the clocks are synchronized, the common oscillation frequency decreases, i.e. the clocks become slow and inaccurate. In order to rigorously explain these findings, a mathematical model for the coupled clocks is obtained by using well-established physical and mechanical laws and likewise, a theoretical analysis is conducted. Ultimately, the sympathy of two monumental pendulum clocks, interacting via a flexible coupling structure, is experimentally, numerically and analytically demonstrated.
Active control on high-order coherence and statistic characterization on random phase fluctuation of two classical point sources
Authors: Hong Peilong , Li Liming , Liu Jianji , Zhang Guoquan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractYoung’s double-slit or two-beam interference is of fundamental importance to understand various interference effects, in which the stationary phase difference between two beams plays the key role in the first-order coherence. Different from the case of first-order coherence, in the high-order optical coherence the statistic behavior of the optical phase will play the key role. In this article, by employing a fundamental interfering configuration with two classical point sources, we showed that the high- order optical coherence between two classical point sources can be actively designed by controlling the statistic behavior of the relative phase difference between two point sources. Synchronous positionNth-order subwavelength interference with an effective wavelength ofλ/Mwas demonstrated, in whichλis the wavelength of point sources andMis an integer not larger thanN. Interestingly, we found that the synchronous positionNth-order interference fringe fingerprints the statistic trace of random phase fluctuation of two classical point sources, therefore, it provides an effective way to characterize the statistic properties of phase fluctuation for incoherent light sources.
CO2-breathing and piercing polymersomes as tunable and reversible nanocarriers
Authors: Feng Anchao , Liang Jiamei , Ji Jinzhao , Dou Jinbo , Wang Shanfeng , Yuan Jinying 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDespite numerous studies on utilizing polymeric vesicles as nanocapsules, fabrication of tunable molecular pathways on transportable vesicle walls remains challenging. Traditional methods for building penetrated channels on vesicular membrane surface often involve regulating the solvent polarity or photo-cross-linking. Herein, we developed a neat, green approach of stimulation by using CO2 gas as “molecular drill” to pierce macroporous structures on the membrane of polymersomes. By simply introducing CO2/N2 gases into the aqueous solution of self-assemblies without accumulating any byproducts, we observed two processes of polymeric shape transformation: “gas breathing” and “gas piercing.” Moreover, the pathways in terms of dimension and time were found to be adjustable simply by controlling the CO2 stimulation level for different functional encapsulated molecules in accumulation, transport, and releasing. CO2-breathing and piercing of polymersomes offers a promising functionality to tune nanocapsules for encapsulating and releasing fluorescent dyes and bioactive molecules in living systems and also a unique platform to mimic the structural formation of nucleus pore complex and the breathing process in human beings and animals.
Divergent roles of autistic and alexithymic traits in utilitarian moral judgments in adults with autism
Authors: Patil Indrajeet , Melsbach Jens , Hennig-Fast Kristina , Silani Giorgia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study investigated hypothetical moral choices in adults with high-functioning autism and the role of empathy and alexithymia in such choices. We used a highly emotionally salient moral dilemma task to investigate autistics’ hypothetical moral evaluations about personally carrying out harmful utilitarian behaviours aimed at maximizing welfare. Results showed that they exhibited a normal pattern of moral judgments despite the deficits in social cognition and emotional processing. Further analyses revealed that this was due to mutually conflicting biases associated with autistic and alexithymic traits after accounting for shared variance: (a) autistic traits were associated withreducedutilitarian bias due to elevated personal distress of demanding social situations, while (b) alexithymic traits were associated withincreasedutilitarian bias on account of reduced empathic concern for the victim. Additionally, autistics relied on their non-verbal reasoning skills to rigidly abide by harm-norms. Thus, utilitarian moral judgments in autism were spared due to opposite influences of autistic and alexithymic traits and compensatory intellectual strategies. These findings demonstrate the importance of empathy and alexithymia in autistic moral cognition and have methodological implications for studying moral judgments in several other clinical populations.
Ti3+-self doped brookite TiO2 single-crystalline nanosheets with high solar absorption and excellent photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Xin Xiaoye , Xu Tao , Wang Lan , Wang Chuanyi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBlack brookite TiO2 single-crystalline nanosheets with outstanding photocatalytic activity toward CO2 reduction is prepared by a facile oxidation-based hydrothermal reaction method combined with post-annealing treatment. Large amount of Ti3+ defects are introduced into the bulk of brookite nanoparticles, which increases the solar energy absorption and enhances the photocatalytic activity.
Dual mechanisms regulating glutamate decarboxylases and accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves exposed to multiple stresses
Authors: Mei Xin , Chen Yiyong , Zhang Lingyun , Fu Xiumin , Wei Qing , Grierson Don , Zhou Ying , Huang Yahui , Dong Fang , Yang Ziyin 
Published: March 2016

Abstractγ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is one of the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. It has multiple positive effects on mammalian physiology and is an important bioactive component of tea (Camellia sinensis). GABA generally occurs at a very low level in plants but GABA content increases substantially after exposure to a range of stresses, especially oxygen-deficiency. During processing of tea leaves, a combination of anoxic stress and mechanical damage are essential for the high accumulation of GABA. This is believed to be initiated by a change in glutamate decarboxylase activity, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the present study we characterized factors regulating the expression and activity of three teaglutamate decarboxylasegenes (CsGAD1, 2and3) and their encoded enzymes. The results suggests that, unlike the model plantArabidopsis thaliana,there are dual mechanisms regulating the accumulation of GABA in tea leaves exposed to multiple stresses, including activation of CsGAD1 enzymatic activity by calmodulin upon the onset of the stress and accumulation of high levels ofCsGAD2mRNA induced by a combination of anoxic stress and mechanical damage.
S100A9 and ORM1 serve as predictors of therapeutic response and prognostic factors in advanced extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma patients treated with pegaspargase/gemcitabine
Authors: Zhou Zhiyuan , Li Zhaoming , Sun Zhenchang , Zhang Xudong , Lu Lisha , Wang Yingjun , Zhang Mingzhi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPegaspargase combined with gemcitabine have greatly improved the outcomes of advanced extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKL). However, patients frequently undergo recurrent disease due to chemoresistance, and few predictive parameters are available. The present study explored potential biomarkers to predict the therapeutic response of advanced ENKL treated with pegaspargase/gemcitabine and evaluate the prognostic significance. Through serum proteomic analysis, we identified 61 upregulated and 22 downregulated proteins in nonresponders compared with responders. We further validated that patients with unfavourable treatment outcomes displayed higher levels of S100A9 and ORM1 via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting refractory patients were 81.5% and 71.4% for S100A9 > 62.0 ng/ml, 85.2% and 77.1% for ORM1 > 1436 ug/ml, 100% and 57.1% for S100A9 combined with ORM1. Furthermore, in multivariate analysis elevated levels of S100A9 were associated with poor 2-year OS (40.2% vs. 76.6%, RR = 2.92, p = 0.005) and 2-year PFS (33.1% vs. 61.1%, RR = 2.61 p = 0.011). High ORM1 also predicted inferior 2-year OS (38.7% vs.76.1, RR = 2.46, p = 0.023) and 2-year PFS (18.4% vs. 73.2%, RR = 2.86, p = 0.009). Our results indicated that S100A9 and ORM1 could serve as reliable predictors of therapeutic response and independent prognostic factors of survival in advanced ENKL patients treated with pegaspargase/gemcitabine.