bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Characterization of Indium Tin Oxide Films
Authors: Her Shiuh-Chuan , Chang Chun-Fu 
Published: April 2017

Background Transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films are of particular interest in the field of optoelectronics, due to the requirement for transparent electrodes in applications such as organic light-emitting diodes, solar cells and so on. The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the effects of preparation temperature on indium tin oxide (ITO) films, to improve their performance for optoelectronic applications. Methods ITO films were deposited on glass substrate at different temperatures, using direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. The influence of substrate temperature on the microstructure and electrical and optical properties was studied. The surface topography and microstructure of the films were analyzed by atomic force microscopy. The electrical resistivity and optical transmittance of the films were measured using the Hall effect measurement and spectrometer, respectively. Results The results showed that both the surface roughness and film thickness increased as the substrate temperature increased. Transmittance increased from 78% to 80% in the visible wavelength region, while resistivity decreased from 6.05 × 10−4 to 3.27 × 10−4 Ω-cm as the substrate temperature increased from 25°C to 275°C. Conclusions High-quality ITO films with low resistivity and high transmittance can be achieved by increasing the deposition temperature.
Cloaked in Invisibility: Dropout-Recovery Narratives of Girls of Color after Re-enrollment
Authors: Hines-Datiri Dorothy 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
There is limited research that explores the dropout and re-enrollment experiences of girls of color in urban schools despite these students having higher rates of early school withdrawal than their racial counterparts. Girls of color that dropout often have to navigate racial and gender stereotypes within a larger heteronormative system of oppression that challenges their identity as young women. Drawing from Role-Identity and Social Stress Theory, this qualitative study examined the intersection of race, gender, and space in structuring how female students of color negotiated their status as former “dropouts” to returners. Their narratives illustrate how dropout stigmas of girls of color are mediated by the context in which they experienced racial microstressors, and how they negotiated parent relationships in their pursuit of a high school diploma.
Implementation of Whole Slide Imaging for Clinical Purposes: Issues to Consider From the Perspective of Early Adopters
Authors: Evans Andrew J. , Salama Mohamed E. , Henricks Walter H. , Pantanowitz Liron 
Published: April 2017

Context.—
There is growing interest in the use of digital pathology, especially whole slide imaging, for diagnostic purposes. Many issues need to be considered when incorporating this technology into a clinical laboratory. The College of American Pathologists (CAP) established a Digital Pathology Committee to support the development of CAP programs related to digital pathology. One of its many initiatives was a panel discussion entitled “Implementing Whole-Slide Imaging for Clinical Use: What to Do and What to Avoid,” given for 3 years at the CAP annual meetings starting in 2014.

Objectives.—
To review major issues to consider when implementing whole slide imaging for clinical purposes as covered during the panel discussion.

Design.—
The views expressed and recommendations given are based primarily on the personal experience of the authors as early adopters of this technology. It is not intended to be an exhaustive review of digital pathology.

Results.—
Implementation is best approached in phases. Early efforts are directed toward identifying initial clinical applications and assembling an implementation team. Scanner selection should be based on intended use and budget. Recognizing pathologist concerns over the use of digital pathology for diagnostic purposes, ensuring adequate training, and performing appropriate validation studies will enhance adoption. Once implemented, the transition period from glass slide to image-based diagnostics will be associated with challenges, especially those related to a hybrid glass slide–digital slide workflow.

Conclusions.—
With appropriate preparation, planning, and stepwise implementation, whole slide imaging can be used safely and reliably for frozen sections, consultation, quality assurance, and primary diagnosis.
Testicular cancer in two brothers of a quadruplet: a case report and a review of literature
Authors: Ulytė Agnė , Ulys Albertas , Sužiedėlis Kęstutis , Patašius Aušvydas , Smailytė Giedrė 
Published: April 2017

Introduction. Testicular cancer and a multiple birth are both rare events, and the risk of testicular cancer is increased in twins. In Lithuania, only five quadruplets have been recorded since the middle of the 20th century. In this report, we present two rare events in one family: testicular cancer in two brothers of a quadruplet (three brothers and a sister).
Case description. Both patients were diagnosed at 21 years of age and died within two years from the diagnosis despite treatment. The third symptomless brother did not have testicular pathology. We also review the risk factors associated with testicular cancer, and the proposed hypotheses how a multiple birth results in an increased risk. The most consistent risk factors for testicular cancer are cryptorchidism, prior history of testicular cancer, and a positive familial history. According to different studies, the risk of testicular cancer in twins is higher from 22% to 30%, compared to the general population.
Conclusions. To our knowledge, we have presented the first case of testicular teratoblastoma in brothers of a quadruplet.
A proposed novel framework for monitoring and evaluation of the cascade of HIV‐associated TB care at the health facility level
Authors: Hanrahan Colleen F. , van Rie Annelies 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroduction: The rapid and accurate diagnosis of HIV‐associated tuberculosis (TB), timely initiation of curative or preventative treatment and assurance of favourable treatment outcomes is a complex process. The current system of monitoring and reporting TB diagnosis and treatment does not include several key aspects of the care cascade, and may obscure systematic bottlenecks, inefficiencies or sources of sub‐optimal care.Methods: We critically reviewed the current World Health Organizations recommended system of monitoring and reporting, and identified the following key deficiencies that could limit the ability of healthcare workers to identify structural problems in the provision of TB/HIV care.Results: We identified the following key deficiencies in the current monitoring and evaluation system: (1) an emphasis on national‐level reporting and programmatic analysis results in a loss of granularity; (2) the absence of a general framework to anchor indicators in relation to one another as well as the overall goals for TB/HIV collaborative activities; (3) de‐linking of TB treatment indicators from those for screening and diagnosis; (4) few indicators are tied to suggested times for completion of an activity. We defined three distinct stages comprising the cascade of HIV‐associated TB diagnosis and treatment: (1) Screening & Diagnosis, (2) Treatment and (3) Preventive Therapy. We detailed major steps within each stage, described potential sources of variability, and proposed data elements, process indicators, main outcomes, and retention calculations for each stage.Conclusions: This proposed framework of monitoring is novel in its focus on a cohort experience through the entire scope of the care cascade from screening and TB diagnosis through curative or preventive treatment. This approach can be applied to all settings at clinic, district or national level, and used to identify crucial areas for improvement in order to maximize health outcomes for all those affected by the dual epidemics of TB and HIV.
Octahedral ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes as antimicrobial agents against mycobacterium
Authors: Liao Guojian , Ye Zhengyuan , Liu Yunlu , Fu Bin , Fu Chen 
Published: April 2017

Tuberculosis is one of the world’s deadliest infectious disease with 1.5 millions deaths annually. It is imperative to discover novel compounds with potent activity against M. tuberculosis. In this study, susceptibilities of M. smegmatis to the octahedral ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes, 1 {[(bpy)3Ru] (PF6)2 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine)}, 2 {[(phen)2Ru(dppz)](PF6)2 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, dppz = dipyridophenazine)} and 3 {[(phen)3Ru](PF6)2} were measured by broth microdilution and reported as the MIC values. Toxicities of complex 3 to LO2 and hepG2 cell lines were also measured. Complex 2 inhibited the growth of M. smegmatis with MIC value of 2 µg/mL, while complex 3 was bactericidal with MIC value of 26 µg/mL. Furthermore, the bactericidal activity of complex 3 was dependent on reactive oxygen species production. Complex 3 showed no cytotoxicity against LO2 and hepG2 cell lines at concentration as high as 64 µg/mL, paving the way for further optimization and development as a novel antibacterial agent for the treatment of M. tuberculosis infection.
Socioeconomic Status and Major Adverse Transplant Events in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Hartje-Dunn Christina , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Bastardi Heather , Daly Kevin P. , Blume Elizabeth D. , Singh Tajinder P. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceLow socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with higher risk of rejection and graft loss in pediatric heart transplant (HT) recipients. The association of SES with other posttransplant morbidities is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess whether low SES is associated with higher risk of a major adverse transplant event (MATE) among pediatric HT recipients.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective single-center cohort study at a children’s hospital in Boston with consecutive primary HT recipients from 2006 to 2019 and follow-up through 2022. Data were analyzed from June 2023 to March 2024.ExposureVery low or low, moderate, and high or very high Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) for neighborhood (census tract) of patient residence.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcome was 3-year MATE-6 score assessed in 6-month survivors as cumulative burden of acute cellular rejection, antibody-mediated rejection, coronary vasculopathy, lymphoproliferative disease, kidney dysfunction, and infection, each as an ordinal score from 0 to 4 (24 for death or retransplant). Secondary outcomes were freedom from rejection during first 6 months, freedom from death or retransplant, MATE-3 score for events 1 to 3 (under immune suppression) and events 4 to 6 (chronic immune suppression effects), and each MATE component.ResultsOf 153 children analyzed, the median (IQR) age at HT was 7.2 (1.5-14.8) years, 99 (65%) were male, 16 (10%) were Black, 17 (11%) were Hispanic, and 106 (69%) were White. Fifty patients (33%) lived in very low or low, 17 (11%) in moderate, and 86 (56%) in high or very high COI neighborhoods. There was no significant group difference in mean (SD) 3-year MATE-6 score (very low or low COI, 3.4 [6.5]; moderate COI, 2.4 [6.3]; and high or very high COI, 4.0 [6.9]). Furthermore, there was no group difference in mean (SD) MATE-3 scores for underimmune suppression (very low or low COI, 1.9 [3.5]; moderate COI, 1.2 [3.2]; and high or very high COI, 2.2 [3.6]), chronic immune suppression effects (very low or low COI, 1.6 [3.3]; moderate COI, 1.1 [3.2]; and high or very high COI, 1.8 [3.6]), individual MATE components, rejection during the first 6 months, or death or retransplant.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study of pediatric HT recipients, there was no difference in posttransplant outcomes among recipients stratified by SES, a notable improvement from prior studies. These findings may be explained by state-level health reform, standardized posttransplant care, and early awareness of outcome disparities.
Self‐Adjuvanting Bacteria Hydrogel for SHP1 Checkpoint Inhibition in Tumor‐Draining Lymph Nodes to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Pan Xiuhua , Liu Feiyang , Kang Ruixin , Hu Zongwei , Pang Yueru , Shen Ziqi , Zhou Xiawei , Zhang Jun , Shen Qi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite recent advances in immunotherapy, its efficacy remains constrained by the absence of immune coordination. Especially, the interplay between tumor‐draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and tumors is frequently disregarded. Here, a self‐adjuvanting hydrogel capable of eliciting a powerful and sustained immune response is developed. Briefly, the engineered arabinose response bacteria (ARB) expressing IL‐15 and mannose‐modified hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with vitamin E (Man/HMPB(VE), MHV) are mixed with arabinose hydrogel (AraGel), forming the system designated as AraGel@ARB/MHV (AAM). Employing mild photothermal therapy mediated by MHV, immunogenic cell death (ICD) triggers the release of tumor‐associated antigens. Subsequently, Man‐modified NPs target TDLNs and release VE, which suppresses the checkpoint Src homology region 2 domain‐containing phosphatase‐1 (SHP1) in dendritic cells, thereby enhancing antigen presentation and T cell activation. Meanwhile, IL‐15 expression of ARB(IL‐15) induced by AraGel degradation enables ARB to serve as an enhanced adjuvant in a self‐adjuvanting manner, working synergistically with ICD and TDLN reprogramming to promote cytotoxic T lymphocytes activation. The hydrogel system efficiently suppresses tumor growth by eliciting prolonged and powerful immunotherapy in an orchestrated manner. Overall, the self‐adjuvanting hydrogel holds great potential for cancer immunotherapy.
Lysosome Targeted Nanoparticle Aggregation Reverses Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Xing Yumeng , Yang Jianhui , Peng Ao , Qian Yujing , Liu Yang , Pan Pei , Liu Qi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNanotechnology has proven its enormous application value in clinical practice. However, current research on nanomedicines mainly focuses on developing nanoparticles as delivery carriers to maximize the bioavailability of therapeutic agents, with little attention on exploring their potential to directly regulate physiological processes. In this study, inspired by the lysosomal swelling caused by excessive accumulation of undegraded substances, this work presents a lysosomal‐targeting aggregated nanoparticle (LTANP) for cancer treatment. By rationally engineering surface composition, properties, and interparticle interactions, LTANP achieves efficient tumor accumulation and selective targeted aggregation in lysosomes of cancer cells, leading to unrelievable lysosomal swelling, and ultimately inducing lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) of cancer cells. Further analysis shows that nanoparticle aggregation‐mediated LMP can effectively trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) by impairing autophagy‐lysosome pathway, evoking robust antitumor immune responses and reversing tumor immunogenicity from “cold” to “hot” in a melanoma model. Additionally, LTANP can combine with clinically approved programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) antibodies to further unleash T cell‐mediated antitumor immunity, significantly enhancing antitumor performance, inhibiting tumor recurrence and metastasis. This work demonstrates the potential of rationally engineered nanostructures in directly combating cancer and provides novel insights for the development of advanced nanoparticle‐based cancer treatment.
Microwave‐assisted Synthesis of Poly(methacrylic acid) Particles for Blood Purification
Authors: Alimohammadi Farbod , Upadhyay Astha , Gillespie Avrum , Tehrani Rouzbeh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA new method is introduced for the rapid synthesis of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) macroparticles via microwave irradiation, optimizing the ratio of monomer to crosslinker to finely tailor the particles’ characteristics. In the study, the characteristics of these particles have been analyzed extensively, and their potential efficacy in blood purification applications has been explored. They are demonstrating significant potential for cation removal from dialysate and blood. The PMAA particles with the lower crosslinker concentration exhibited superior cation removal efficiency, achieving 80.8% for calcium, 9.9% for potassium, and 9.9% for sodium ions from dialysate solution over a period of 4 h. Blood compatibility assessments, encompassing protein adsorption and clotting time, showed the particles' hemocompatibility. The exceptional physical and mechanical attributes of the PMAA particles are positioned as promising candidates for use as absorbents in dialysis and hemoperfusion processes. Furthermore, their versatility extends beyond blood purification, marking their relevance in broader applications such as water treatment.
Near‐Infrared Imaging Highly Enhanced by Pixel‐Level Integrated Plasmonic Metasurfaces on CMOS Image Sensors
Authors: Nan Xianghong , Zheng Qilin , Dong Yajin , Liu Yongjun , Pan Dahui , Chen Bojun , Wang Haiquan , He Huifan , Gong Yunyang , Wen Long , Chen Qin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) photodetection and imaging have sparked significant interests across a wide range of applications. While silicon photodiodes are commonly employed, the small light absorption coefficients of Si in NIR severely limit the performance, especially in the case of thin active Si layers. Although various light harvesting techniques are proposed to increase light absorption of Si, pixel‐level strategy for enhanced NIR imaging is still challenging in CMOS image sensors (CISs) with a pixel size in only a micron scale. In this paper, plasmonic metasurfaces are intimately integrated on top of 2.3 µm thick Si active regions of the pixels of a backside illumination (BI)‐CIS for NIR imaging for the first time. 200% improved photoresponsivity is obtained in experiments in such a planar Si layer rather than patterning the Si layer with potential damage to the active region. Numerical simulation results reveal highly enhanced light intensity in the thin active Si layer due to the presence of plasmonic metasurfaces. Significantly improved imaging brightness and signal‐to‐noise ratio of NIR imaging are demonstrated under both laser and LED illumination. This CMOS‐compatible technique is expected to hold promising potentials in applications including machine vision, iris certification, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), and optical communication in data centers.
Bismuth Vacancies Induced Lattice Strain in BiVO4 Photoanodes Boosting Charge Separation For Water Oxidation
Authors: Liu Boyan , Wang Xin , Zhang Yingjuan , Wan Kang , Xu Liangcheng , Ma Siqing , Zhao Ruoting , Wang Songcan , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising technology for green hydrogen production. However, severe charge recombination in the photoelectrode materials is one of the key obstacles to achieving high performance. Herein, a BiVO₄ photoanode with lattice strain (Str‐BVO) is constructed by generating Bi vacancies to promote charge separation in the bulk. The optimized Str‐BVO photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 6.20 mA cm⁻2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode under AM 1.5 G illumination, with an impressive charge separation efficiency close to 100%. Systematical experiments and density functional theory reveal that the surface Bi vacancies induced strain causes the distortion of a small number of VO4 tetrahedra, which increases the antibonding state energy of most normal VO4 tetrahedra and creates more electronic vacancy states, thereby significantly promoting electron–hole separation. By surface loading with a FeNiOx co‐catalyst, the photoanode exhibits excellent PEC water‐splitting performance and stability.
Rational design of aggregation‐induced emission‐active bisboron complexes (BOQHYs) for high‐fidelity lipid droplet imaging
Authors: Wang Sisi , Bi Xian , Zhu Hua , Ji Xiaobo , Lu Hua , Shen Zhen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic intracellular organelles that participate in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Consequently, the development of high‐selectivity and high‐resolution tools for LD detection and tracking is of paramount importance. In this study, we describe the straightforward synthesis of a series of novel BODIPY analogs, BOQHYs 3a–3e, through the condensation of 2,3‐dihydrazinylquinoline with acetone or benzophenone, followed by complexation with BF3·OEt2. Spectroscopic properties indicate that these dyes exhibited significantly larger Stokes shifts (>100 nm) than the commercial LD‐Tracker BODIPY 493/503 (≈10 nm). Additionally, the incorporation of phenyl “rotors” endows BOQHYs 3b–3e with heightened aggregation‐induced emission activity, viscosity responsiveness, and exceptional lipophilicity, enabling their selective staining of LDs in a rapid and wash‐free manner, with outstanding signal‐to‐noise ratios. Time‐resolved confocal fluorescence imaging of 3d further validates these dyes’ capability to effectively capture LD fusion and fission events, highlighting their potential applications in LD‐related cell biology and disease diagnostics.
A novel application of the Hyperflex™ tracheostomy tube for lung isolation in a patient with airway stoma after laryngectomy
Authors: Maurya P. , Gupta N. , Dhamija E. , Kumar V. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryIn patients who have undergone laryngectomy followed by permanent tracheostomy, managing the airway for one‐lung ventilation during lung surgery may present a challenge for anaesthetists. This case report discusses a 45‐year‐old man with a permanent tracheostomy after a laryngectomy performed for laryngeal carcinoma 5 years ago. He was scheduled to undergo excision of a right bronchial mass for which one‐lung ventilation was required. An adjustable Flange Hyperflex™ Tracheostomy tube (Bivona® Silicone Tracheostomy tube, Smiths Medical ASD, Inc., Gary, Indiana, USA) was used for this purpose and the tube was guided into the left main bronchus with a bronchoscope. Appropriate lung isolation was achieved using this technique, and there were no airway‐related complications during or after the surgery. This case report shows that a Hyperflex™ tracheostomy tube can be successfully utilised in challenging airway scenarios in patients with a tracheostomy, where other options may not be feasible.