bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Challenges and Considerations for Floating LNG Terminals
Authors: MOIGNE Sebastien LE , Chow (Michael) KEI Chee , Tin WONG Goke , Soo-Hong YANG , Wing (Keith) YEO Kee 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Technical challenges and considerations for different aspects of floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) terminals are explained and solutions are compared. This paper considers design aspects of ship hull, LNG storage, safety, cargo transfer and station-keeping of the terminals. Drawing on experience from projects for LNG carriers (LNGCs), floating production, storage and offloading installations (FPSOs) and floating storage and regasification units (FSRUs), design considerations, analysis methods and standards of compliance are discussed. Engineering solutions are examined using published limits of operations or qualitative comparison of different technologies. The technical information presented in this analysis can be used at the early stages of an FLNG project to familiarize owners and operators with FLNG design concepts and to consider the field conditions.
The Deployment of the World's First Subsea Multiphase Compression System - Enabling Increased Recovery
Authors: Hjelmeland Mads , Torkildsen Bernt Helge 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Subsea multiphase boosting and metering represent technologies which have been proven to provide increased recovery factors from subsea fields, and improved field development economics of projects. The experience from successful operation of subsea multiphase boosting system on a global scale has driven the next technology step - subsea multiphase compression. This paper describes the development, qualification and delivery of the world's first subsea multiphase gas compression system.
The development and qualification of the world's first subsea multiphase compressor system with no requirements for an upstream separation facility or an anti- surge system will be described. The compressor is a contra- rotating machine specifically designed for pressure boosting of unprocessed well stream. This unique configuration, developed in collaboration with several oil companies, allows for a compact and robust design that is easy to install by use of light intervention vessels, and is based on the well- proven design developed for subsea booster pumps.
The multiphase compressor is capable of handling high liquid contents without mechanical issues, with gas volume fractions typically in the range of 95%-100%. The application of a multiphase compressor in a subsea environment simplifies a subsea compression system significantly as there is no need for preprocessing. This enables deployment of simplified subsea systems at lower capital expenditure and field development costs. Another feature of the subsea multiphase compression system that will be described is the development of a high performance subsea process cooler. The cooler design is based on free convection to fulfill the design requirements to have a simple and robust system, as the cooler module is installed in a location with limited access for inspection, maintenance and repair.
The main driver in the development of the multiphase compressor was to increase recovery rates in subsea gas fields. The Gullfaks field, operated by Statoil, located in the North Sea, sees the first deployment in the world for subsea multiphase compression. Currently the recovery rate for Gullfaks South Brent is at 62%; however, it is foreseen that the recovery rate will increase to 74%, or by 22 million barrels of oil equivalent, by using the multiphase compression system and combined with low pressure production.
Developing New-Generation Disintegrable Material to Improve Efficiency of Multistage Fracturing Treatment in Cased-Hole Completions
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Xu Zhiyue , Xu Yingqing , Allen Ryan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Plug-and-perf is the most commonly used method for multistage hydraulic fracturing treatments in North America Shale. To execute and finish a plug-and-perf job, coiled tubing, or stick pipe, is deployed into the wellbore to drill out the composite plugs to open the wellbore for production. The drillout operation carries a burden of planning and oversight, as well as the risk of stuck pipe. In an effort to eliminate those burdens and risks, scientists have developed revolutionary materials that could alter the plug-and-perf landscape. These materials, when exposed in the right environments, can predictably disintegrate providing for a simple, yet dependable solution to eliminate the drillout phase of plug-and-perf completions.
The implementation of a completely disintegrating plug represents a tremendous challenge to both design engineering and material development. The goal of the technology is to be a complete replacement product for composite plugs while still maintaining their primary benefits: flexible stage placement and full production potential through the inside diameter (ID) of the casing.
This paper outlines the research, design, and testing of the first 100-ksi rated material combined with a corrosion rate above 100 mg/cm2/hr. The mechanical properties and corrosion rates were characterized from room temperature to 300°F. The material functionality was investigated using Finite Elemental Analysis (FEA) models and stringently tested in laboratory configurations to determine its downhole performance. The results showed that the configuration gripped the ID of the casing without slipping or material degradation at 10,000-psi pressure rating. The benefits and considerations of introducing this advanced material are discussed for multistage fracturing in cased-holed applications.
Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Tension Leg Platform (TLP) and Semisubmersible in Close Proximity
Authors: Maimun Adi , Ismail Zulhusni Razin , Tofa M. Mobassher , Abyn Hassan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Motion analysis of offshore structures in close vicinity is critical for safe and effective operation. The objective of this article is to study the hydrodynamic motion of TLP and semisubmersible in close vicinity both experimentally and numerically. For experimental study, model tests have been conducted in UTM towing tank. In the experiment, it is quite difficult to model the mooring lines, so, springs have been used to provide the stiffness for the two floating models. The springs are attached diagonally to the bodies. Each model will be taut with a spring at each corner diagonally at 45 degree angle. The stiffness of each spring is equal, representing the stiffness for the horizontal plane motion. For numerical analysis, ANSYS-AQWA will be used. The same configuration of the model test will be replicated in the numerical analysis. The analysis will be done in time domain. Airy wave theory will be used for studying the effect of regular waves. The effects of wind and current will be ignored. In this article, the effect of TLP motion on the semisubmersible's hydrodynamic characteristics will be observed. The observation will be done by comparing the results of the interfacing effect with the hydrodynamic characteristics of single semisubmersible. Also, in this article, a noble truncation method will be proposed for more accurate model test that is going to be conducted in near future
Flow Induced Vibration for Design and Operation of Subsea Systems - State of the Art, Limitations and Potential Developments
Authors: Gharaibah Emad , Barri Mustafa , Tungen Rune 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Mechanical vibration in Subsea Production Systems (SPS) can be induced by internal or external fluid structure interaction (FSI) through a complex process driven by numerous factors such as the piping geometry, flow conditions and fluid properties. The mechanical response of the SPS piping and components can lead to production interruption or fatigue failures, which have in turn significant economical and possibly environmental implications [3]. The existing data of failures and fatigue issues due to Flow Induced Vibration (FIV) in subsea installations is limited compared to topside. However, there have been a number of incidents with high level FIV recorded which resulted in production rate limitations and/or costly hardware solutions [6]. Subsequently, FIV has become a key requirement in the subsea design process in recent years – this is also driven by the increase of the production flow rates and the push towards SPS designs with reduced weight, size and cost.
Dedicated predictive models and tools for FIV are essential to enable a more sophisticated understanding of the production system mechanical response in advance of the actual product design and manifacturing. In the early phase of the SPS design, the FIV analysis includes screening and characterizing of potential vibration sources in the system and calculating the expected range of excitation frequency and source strengths. The characteristics of the sources will be used to ultimately predict the mechanical response associated with the flow induced excitation if the screening indicates FIV risks.
The screening approach used for subsea is based on the Guidelines for the Avoidance of Vibration Induced Fatigue Failure in Process Pipework (AVIFF) [1], which was initially developed for topside applications. This approach is conservative and in most cases it indicates high FIV risks and recommends a time consuming and costly Mechanical Response Analysis (MRA) to verify the risk. However, at present, there are no dedicated FIV standards for subsea installations apart from AVIFF.
The objective of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art for flow induced vibrations in subsea systems. The paper provides an overview of the basic physics of typical FIV sources, describes the screening and Likelihood Of Failure (LOF) approachs, and discusses the industrial standards used for SPS as well as the limitations of the existing analysis methodologies.
Note that the intention of this paper is neither to provide a best practice guide line for FIV risk assessment nor to provide an analysis methodology. Rather, it shall raise awareness of FIV in SPS installations, with the focus on the importance of developing tools and models to enable accurate evaluations and assessments of the risks with the goal of SPS CAPEX and OPEX reduction.
Dynamic Simulation for Berthing Problem between FSRU and LNGC in Waves
Authors: Nam B. W. , Sung H. G. , Hong S. Y. , Kim Y. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Berthing is a common marine operation frequently occuring in harbors and at open sea. It involves a moving vessel closely approaching a moored offshore structure or a pier from a far distance. During the berthing operation, the distance between the stationary structure and berthing vessel decreses continuously, resulting in increasing hydrodynamic interaction. In this study, the berthing problem between a FSRU and a LNGC was investigated by using three different numerical methods including dynamic simulation. At first, frequency-domain diffraction computations were carried out to study hydrodynamic interaction between two floaters in the berthing operation. With various relative positions, the effect of gap resonance and sheltering effect were discussed based on the frequency-domain solution. As the second numerical method, time-domain simulation using convolution integrals was used to simulate the berthing problem. The simulation results were directly compared with the model test data. The third numerical approach is dynamic simulation combined with direct fluid solver. In head sea condition, focus is made on the effect of the gap resonance on the wave forces and related motion responses during berthing operation. As for the quartering sea, the sheltering effect is mainly discussed with different berthing routes based on the dynamic simulation results.
TTR and Jumper Design Considerations for Well Bay Layout
Authors: Yen K. , Jin S. , Kiprawi F. , Teng Y. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA dry tree floating platform accommodates Top Tension Risers (TTRs) within the well bay in the center of the platform. The reservoir size dictates the number and size of TTRs required and determines the minimum well bay layout and size. In addition to the platform motions, the TTR and its connecting jumper motions, which occur due to environment loading, influence the minimum riser spacing in the well bay. An optimum well bay layout is a key component in the efficient design of a floating platform.Because the TTRs and jumpers, supported by a floating platform, experience different dynamic responses, a range of dynamic analyses is required to assess the performance of the entire system. This study considers several different environmental conditions in the Asia Pacific region and performs dynamic analyses of riser systems and jumpers to create optimized well bay layouts for several small-scale Tension Leg Platforms (TLPs). Commercial and in-house design tools have been used in this study. The in-house tool is effective for quick sizing of well bays for conceptual studies.It is observed that the TTR and jumper motions vary considerably with environmental conditions. The results from the in-house tool facilitates the dynamic analysis using commercial software. The results of this study demonstrate the influence of riser analysis for well bay layout and sizing; i.e. riser system motions should be estimated to a reasonable level of accuracy at an early design stage to facilitate effective detailed design of the topsides and floating platform.
Green Technologies for Offshore Industry
Authors: Roa Michael 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Environmental technological innovations driven by the evolving regulatory landscape have the potential to provide performance solutions for the next generation of offshore vessels. Future historians may look back at the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, Annex VI (MARPOL) requirements as one of the most important pieces of maritime legislation passed. It sets in motion a series of requirements that change the way vessels are designed and operated. For all practical purposes, the offshore industry may be revolutionized by the confluence of Annex VI requirements which limit the amount of sulfur in fuel oil, limit the amount of nitrogen oxides emitted from the engine combustion process, and reduce CO2 emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. The economics of alternative fuels such as LNG and the imperatives of operating in Emission Control Areas (ECA) are driving innovative vessel designs. Offshore vessel operators of the world can greatly benefit by adopting green technologies such as renewable energy, alternative fuels, hybrid propulsion and power generation plants, and advanced environmental systems. This paper will outline a number of emission pollutant driven and energy efficiency driven green ship technologies currently being adopted in offshore vessel design, and considers the opportunities this presents for future designs.
Sea Change Advances in Power and Automation will allow an Entire Oil and Gas Production Facility to be Built on the Seabed
Authors: Bugge Jan Ø , Storm-Johannessen Pål , Pretlove John 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
For decades, technology development in the marine oil and gas industry has focused on accessing reserves in ever more challenging locations – the Arctic, West of Shetland, in deep waters, in high pressure and high temperature reservoirs and so on. While this trend will certainly continue, economic and environmental concerns, and technology progress are driving efforts to maximize oil recovery, reduce operating and capital expenditure, simplify access and intervention, and extend field life. At the vanguard of this change are advanced subsea systems. Subsea technology has been around for a few decades, but the mission of oil companies is now to put an entire subsea "factory" on the sea floor, with no facilities topside. The technical challenges presented by this quest are formidable, but the payoff is enormous.
Title photo text: Locating oil and gas recovery and processing equipment on the seabed and eliminating topside facilities entirely has many advantages. What technology is needed to accomplish it? Shown is a concept for a subsea power hub and distribution.
La programación de contenidos propios en las radios universitarias españolas: Ondacampus, UPV Radio, Unirradio Jaén, Radio Universidad y RUAH
Authors: Peña Mónica Pérez Alaejos María , Martín-Valiente Marta , Hernández-Prieto Marina 
Published: March 2016

El objetivo de este estudio es el de analizar las parrillas de programación de las emisoras de radio universitarias en el ámbito de la educación pública española, nacidas ya en el entorno de internet, para tratar de demostrar que sus contenidos son sobre todo de carácter educativo y cultural, acordes con el objetivo que persiguen dichas instituciones. Metodología. La investigación realizó un análisis de contenido de sus programaciones con una extensa ficha de variables que ha constituido la base del análisis posterior. Resultados. Este trabajo nos permite señalar la escasa diferencia en cuanto a contenidos novedosos, de servicio público y con nuevos formatos que tienen actualmente estas emisoras y el escaso uso que hacen de los recursos que les otorgan las TIC a la hora de diseñar y crear nuevos formatos. Conclusiones. También nos permite concluir que estas emisoras deberíanumentar la oferta de contenidos educativos y formativos, para posicionarse y diferenciarse de forma más clara de las radios privadas con programaciones generalistas o temáticas.
Cine europeo en lenguas de naciones sin estado y pequeñas naciones
Authors: Ledo Andión Margarita , López Gómez Antía María , Pérez Pereiro Marta 
Published: March 2016

La reciente incorporación al dominio de la reflexión académica, de una denominación diversa: cine de pequeñas naciones, identitario, en lenguas minoritarias/minorizadas. La reconceptualización del término cine nacional, síntoma de la multiplicidad de prácticas de lenguas todavía supervivientes. Y un abordaje de la política comunitaria en dos vertientes: lingüística y cinematográfica, serán nuestros asuntos. Metodología. Esto último nos emplaza en las acciones relativas a la VO y VOS, y en la difícil transformación política de asuntos culturales, identitarios e ideológicos, fraguados en extensos períodos, que exceden la constitución de la Unión. Su abordaje político en la Carta Europea de las Lenguas Regionales o Minoritarias, o en una Comunicación de la Comisión de Cultura y Educación al Parlamento, es siempre escaso y paradójico. Resultados y Discusión. Finalmente, se acometen las condiciones de confrontación de la política comunitaria, con políticas recientes a pie de territorio, concretamente, los casos de Galicia, Gales, Finlandia.
Effect of cutting speed parameters on the surface roughness of Al5083 due to recrystallization
Authors: Rezvani Elias , Ghayour Hamid , Kasiri Masoud 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In the present study, the effect of machining parameters and recrystallization on surface quality of Al5083 has been investigated. In order to achieve minimum surface roughness of aluminum 5083 samples, statistical test design method of "full factorial" was used. In order to achieve the phenomenon of recrystallization, aluminum 5083 samples were set under 50 % cold rolling mechanical operations. Then, the rolled samples were annealed for 2.5 to 240 min at 250 °C. The stress-strain curves were obtained from tensile tests. Then, dry machining was carried out on the original and crystallized samples under the same conditions. Results of surface roughness, tensile, and microstructure tests indicated the reduction of surface roughness in the crystallized sample.
Validated Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Clorsulon and Ivermectin Employing Plackett-Burman Experimental Design for Robustness Testing
Authors: Saad Ahmed S , Ismail Nahla S , Soliman Marwa , Zaazaa Hala E 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A sensitive and highly selective stability-indicating gradient HPLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of clorsulon (CLO) and ivermectin (IVM) in the presence of their degradation products. The drugs were subjected to different stress conditions, including acid and alkaline hydrolysis, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic forced degradation. The robustness of the proposed method was assessed using the Plackett-Burman experimental design, the factors affecting system performance were defined, and nonsignificant intervals for the significant factors were determined. The separation was carried out on a ZORBAX SB phenyl analytical column (250 × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm particle size), with gradient elution utilizing 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile as mobile phase. UV detection was performed for CLO and IVM at 254 nm over a concentration range of 4–140 and 5–50 μg/mL, respectively, with mean percentage recoveries of 99.90 ± 1.30 and 98.59 ± 1.16%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to a pharmaceutical dosage form containing the investigated drugs. The results were statistically compared with the official HPLC methods, and no significant differences were found.
Telenovelaen - introduktion til en genre
Authors: Tufte Thoma 
Published: March 2016

Telenovelaen er den genre, der betyder mest for TV-seere i Brasilien og
som har det største publikum. Genren har eksisteret i TV siden 60´erne
og selvom novelaen har gennemgået en udvikling de sidste 30 år, er
grundtrækkene stadig de samme. Thomas Tufte beskriver her genrens
udvikling i retning af et hverdagsnært melodrama med historier om kær-
lighed og social opstigning og "almindelige" mennesker som hovedper-
soner. Han analyserer telenovelaens dramaturgi og diskuterer de ind-
holdselementer, der rummer en særlig fascination for det latinamerikan-
ske publikum i form af identifikationsmuligheder og genkendelighed. End-
elig beskrives genrens særlige kendetegn i forhold til de Nordamerikan-
ske soap-operas og Thomas Tufte illustrerer, hvordan kulturelle strenge,
der fører ud i den latinamerikanske politiske og sociale virkelighed, slås
an i telenovelaerne. Artiklen blev præsenteret som paper ved Nordisk
Konference for Massekommunikationsforskning i Trondheim, Norge,
august 1993.
Drømmefabrikken
Authors: Grisolli Paulo Affonso 
Published: March 2016

Som mangeårig producent af telenovelaer både i Brasilien og Portugal,
kender Grisolli alle sider af telenovelaen: Novelaen som de fattiges drøm
om rigdom og succes, novelaen som et redskab i TV-kanalernes kamp
om seerne, som exportvare, som glansbillede under det brasillianske dik-
tatur, som industriprodukt og som politisk igangsætter. I denne artikel be-
skriver Grisolli sine erfaringer med gode og dårlige sider af telenovela-
fascinationen i Latinamerika og præsenterer en ny genre, som er på vej
frem i Brasilien, mini-serien. Artiklen er Grisollis foredrag på Folkekirkens
Nødhjælps Konference om TV og Video i Latinamerika, november 1992.
Et eksempel på alternativ videoproduktion: Maxambomba i Brasilien
Authors: Ceccon Claudius 
Published: March 2016

Claudius Ceccon beskriver et konkret eksempel på alternativ video-
produktion, nemlig det brasilianske selskab CECIP, senere omdøbt
til TV Maxambomba. Han giver et rids af de sociale og politiske for-
hold i det lokalområde i Rio de Janeiro, Nova Iguacu, hvor selskabet
holder til, og vanskelighederne ved denne form for produktion. Idéen
bag de alternative videoproduktioner er at skabe en modvægt til de alt-
dominerende brasilianske TV-stationer, som efter forfatterens mening
ikke fremstiller alle sider af den brasilianske virkelighed. Artiklen er
skrevet til MedieKultur.