bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aeromagnetic anomalies reveal the link between magmatism and tectonics during the early formation of the Canary Islands
Authors: Blanco-Montenegro Isabel , Montesinos Fuensanta G. , Arnoso José 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe 3-D inverse modelling of a magnetic anomaly measured over the NW submarine edifice of the volcanic island of Gran Canaria revealed a large, reversely-magnetized, elongated structure following an ENE-WSW direction, which we interpreted as a sill-like magmatic intrusion emplaced during the submarine growth of this volcanic island, with a volume that could represent up to about 20% of the whole island. The elongated shape of this body suggests the existence of a major crustal fracture in the central part of the Canary Archipelago which would have favoured the rapid ascent and emplacement of magmas during a time span from 0.5 to 1.9 My during a reverse polarity chron of the Earth’s magnetic field prior to 16 Ma. The agreement of our results with those of previous gravimetric, seismological and geodynamical studies strongly supports the idea that the genesis of the Canary Islands was conditioned by a strike-slip tectonic framework probably related to Atlas tectonic features in Africa. These results do not contradict the hotspot theory for the origin of the Canary magmatism, but they do introduce the essential role of regional crustal tectonics to explain where and how those magmas both reached the surface and built the volcanic edifices.
Basics of Fluid Construction Grammar
Authors: Steels Luc 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFluid Construction Grammar (FCG) is a fully operational computational platform for developing grammars from a constructional perspective. It contains mechanisms for representing grammars and for using them in computational experiments and applications in language understanding, production and learning. FCG can be used by grammar writers who want to test whether their grammar fragments are complete and coherent for the domain they are investigating (for example verb phrases) or who are working in a team and have to share grammar fragments with others. It can be used by computational linguists implementing practical language processing systems or exploring how machine learning algorithms can acquire grammars. This paper introduces some of the basic mechanisms of FCG, illustrated with examples.
How a Construction Grammar account solves the auxiliary
controversy
Authors: van Trijp Remi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The English auxiliaries have been a matter of dispute for decades with two
opposing views: one analysis treats them as main verbs that take a VP
complement; the other considers them as feature carriers. Proponents of both
approaches have convincingly pointed out each other’s weaknesses without however
settling the debate and without accounting for the fact that the English VP is
still evolving today. The goal of this paper is to show that Construction
Grammar offers a way out of the current status quo. This claim is substantiated
by a computational formalization of the English verb phrase in Fluid
Construction Grammar that includes a bi-directional processing model for
formulation and comprehension available for online testing.
An open-ended computational construction grammar for Spanish verb
conjugation
Authors: Beuls Katrien 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The Spanish verb phrase can take on many forms, depending on the temporal,
aspectual and modal interpretation that a speaker wants to convey. At least half
a dozen constructions work together to build or analyze even the simplest verb
form such as hablo ‘I speak’. This paper documents how the
complete Spanish verb conjugation system can be operationalized in a
computational construction grammar formalism, namely Fluid Construction Grammar.
Moreover, it shows how starting from a seed grammar that handles regular
morphology and grammar one can create a productive grammar that captures
systematicity in Spanish verb conjugation and can expand its construction
inventory when new verbs are encountered.
Russian verbs of motion and their aspectual partners in Fluid Construction Grammar
Authors: Beuls Katrien , Knight Yana , Spranger Michael 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRussian boasts a highly complex aspectual system which can appear irregular and difficult to learn. It has recently been suggested that motion verbs, which are normally seen as exceptional in their nature, may in fact be at the core of this system, motivating aspectual behavior based on stem directionality. This suggests that analyzing motion verbs may help understand the Russian aspectual system as a whole. The present work demonstrates how Russian motion verbs and their aspectual partners can be implemented and processed successfully with Fluid Constructional Grammar. The study presents an example of language processing in both production and comprehension in operation and highlights the flexibility and power of this formalism, despite the challenges that this complex aspectual system poses.
Regional languages on Twitter
Authors: Jongbloed-Faber Lysbeth , van Loo Jolie , Cornips Leonie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper addressed the question how the use of Dutch and the regional languages Frisian or Limburgish differ on Twitter and which patterns in language choice can be identified. Previous quantitative studies (Jongbloed-Faber, Van de Velde, Van der Meer & Klinkenberg, 2016;Nguyen, Trieschnigg & Cornips, 2015;Trieschnigg, 2015) have already shown that people in the Dutch provinces of Friesland and Limburg tweet in Frisian or Limburgish respectively, but most often in Dutch interspersed with some English. In this qualitative study, we compared the tweets from twenty twitterers in Friesland and Limburg who use both Dutch and Frisian or Limburgish regularly in order to get insight into their language use patterns. The following patterns in language use were identified: when a twitterer aims to maximise his/her audience, Dutch is regularly employed. However, as soon as an interpersonal, addressed tweet is formulated, Frisian or Limburgish is often used. General tweets in Dutch may therefore very well get a Frisian or Limburgish continuation. Another mechanism frequently found in responding tweets is following the language used in the original tweet, notwithstanding such a tweet was in Dutch or in a regional language. Finally, the data show that, although Twitter is a global medium which can be accessed at any time and any place provided that one has access to the needed technical equipment and Internet connection, twitterers sometimes construct localness i.e. what is perceived as local culture through using Frisian or Limburgish exclusively.
Does it ‘feel’ non-native?
Authors: van Hilten Myrte , van Vuuren Sanne 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPrevious studies on information-structural transfer in texts produced by Dutch advanced learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) have found that one of the defining features in learners’ writing is a marked use of initial adverbials. The present study investigates the effect of this hypothesized L1 interference on native speakers’ perceptions. In line withRosén (2006), it was hypothesized that the frequency and contextual use of clause-initial place adverbials in L1 Dutch EFL writing would lead native speakers of English to judge texts to be less coherent, continuous, and native-like than texts written by native speakers. Our qualitative and quantitative empirical study demonstrates that native speakers are not necessarily aware of initial adverbials and are more concerned with other elements of the text that influence cohesion and flow. This new perspective on information-structural transfer forms a starting point for further research into the communicative effect of interlanguage features.1
Anders, of toch niet?
Authors: Urbanek Lukas , Poarch Greg , Schimke Sarah , Fanta Johanna , De Vogelaer Gunther 
Published: December 2017

Samenvatting
Both in Dutch and to a lesser extent in German, pronouns can agree with a noun’s lexical gender or be chosen on semantic grounds. It is well-known that for non-human antecedents, Dutch seems to be shifting towards a more semantic system, via a process labelled ‘hersemantisering’, in which gender marking on the pronoun increasingly depends on the degree of individuation of the antecedent. This article presents a psycholinguistic investigation on how German learners of Dutch as a foreign language (NVT), who distinguish between three nominal genders in their native language, handle the Dutch gender system, which has largely lost its three-way nominal gender, and in which resemanticisation has progressed significantly. More specifically, a speeded grammaticality judgement task (GJ) was used in conjunction with a sentence completion task to examine the German NVT-learners’ perception as well as the production of pronominal gender in the L2 (in this case Dutch). It was found that German learners of Dutch judge more combinations of pronouns and their antecedents to be grammatical than they actually use. However, unlike in Flanders and the Netherlands, grammatical gender still trumps semantic gender, which we explain as a L1 transfer effect. In addition, the role of participants’ proficiency in Dutch is discussed.
Sprachkompetenz und Sprachförderkompetenz frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte
Authors: Ofner Daniela 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Studies have shown positive relationships between teachers’ language proficiency and children’s language development as well as between educators language-related knowledge and skills (language support competence) and children’s language development. This study is the first to investigate the relation between language proficiency and language support competences for the professional group of educators. It is hypothesized that language support competence increases with language proficiency in L1. In a cross-sectional study language-related knowledge, pedagogic skills and language proficiency of 42 educators in Germany were assessed with standardized tests. Correlation and regression analyses revealed a positive relationship between knowledge, language proficiency and educational factors, whereas pedagogic skills were explained to some extent by knowledge and the amount of professional education, but not by language proficiency. Results are discussed with respect to language support practices in early childhood education and current efforts to qualify educators lacking explicit linguistic knowledge and pedagogic skills for this task.
Academic language in elementary school mathematics
Authors: Dokter N. , Aarts R. , Kurvers J. , Ros A. , Kroon S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Students who are proficient academic language (AL) users, achieve better in school. To develop students’ AL register teachers’ AL input is necessary. The goal of this study was to investigate the extent of AL features in the language input first and second grade teachers give their students in whole class mathematics instruction. Five key features could be distinguished: lexical diversity, lexical complexity, lexical specificity, syntactic complexity and textual complexity. Teachers used all features, but the amount in which they used them varied. While all teachers used lexical specific language when teaching mathematics, they did not use very complex language input. The academicness of teachers’ input was significantly higher in grade 2 than in grade 1 with respect to lexical diversity and lexical specificity. The input during explanation and discussion only differed with regard to textual complexity, which was higher during explanation.
漢語詞形韻律結構的變化與上古君王人名長度的演進
Authors: Jiang Di 
Published: December 2017

抽象
文章提出一種重新看待早期漢語詞形韻律結構的新觀點並採納新的方法加以分析。與漢語從上古單音節詞伊始演變而來觀點不同，我們認為，承繼甲骨文語言而來的早期漢語實際是從遠古多音節詞語言發展而來，至商周乃至春秋戰國時代已經轉變為單音節詞為詞彙主體的語言。商周詞形韻律結構有 SS，CS，SC，MS，BW（雙音節、弱首音節、重首音節、單音節、雙詞音節）五類。MS是主體，BW初萌發，餘三類是遠古遺存，也是本文分析重點。我們嘗試用輕重韻律說明為什麼早期君王名難以釋讀，輕重韻律如何影響詞形結構變化以及對君王名的制約。
Three Korean transcription systems for Mandarin loanwords
Authors: Qian Youyong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the factors involved in the adaptation of loanwords and how these factors influence each other through a case study of three systems of transcription for Mandarin loanwords in Korean. The result of this study demonstrates that perception, phonology, and source-language orthography are all important factors in the three systems of transcription. This study provides empirical evidence to what causes speakers of the same native language – in our case, Korean – to propose different adapted forms for the same source input and argues that variation in adaption patterns can be viewed as results of different constraints and different rankings of the same constraints. Last, this study invites researchers to pay more attention to the role of borrowers in the hope of building a more robust model of loanword adaptation.
Mandarin associative plural -menand NPs with -men
Authors: Jiang Li Julie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper discusses the syntax and semantics of-menand four types of phrases containing-menin Mandarin. I defend the view that-menshould be analyzed as a plural morpheme as first argued inLi (1999)but argue against the analysis of positing-menin the D position or treating it as a definite determiner. It will be shown that definiteness is not inherent to-menand that-menis compatible with numerals and classifiers and should be in a position local to nouns. I propose an analysis of-menas an associative plural and explain the properties of the four types of expressions containing-menwithin a Neocarlsonian account of bare nominals. The formal account of the syntax and semantics of phrases containing-menadvanced in this paper shows that it is not necessary to assume a functional category D that is always invisible in the grammar of Mandarin in order to account for the behaviors of its nominal arguments and argues for the lack of DP projections in Mandarin.
From pitch contour variation to tone change
Authors: Huang Karen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study illustrates how three level tones might have developed diachronically by comparing two synchronic Mandarin dialects. In Standard Mandarin (SM), the four lexical tones are denoted as /H, LH, L, HL/ or /H, R, L, F/ phonologically. However, based on evidence from two acoustic experiments, this study proposes that the four lexical tones in Taiwan Mandarin (TM) should be analyzed as /H, M, L, HM/, with /H, HM/ in a high register and /M, L/ in a low register. The proposed tonal structure can account for all the tone sandhi in TM using the framework of Optimality theory, and the register difference plays an important role in the analyses. Also, the new TM tonal representation has an advantage in explaining the absence of the SM Tone 2 Sandhi. The new tonal representations illuminate how pitch contour differences might have developed into structural tone changes.
The emergence ofe5 khuan2个款 as a sensory evidential marker in TSM
Authors: Lien Chinfa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper takes the stringe5khuan2个款 (EK for short) as an ambiguous case to show the emergence of a grammatical function out of a lexical category. It examines the ambiguity of EK in conjunction with the analysis of its syntactic structure. It explores the collocates of EK including a range of matrix predicates and sentence-final particles. It pins down EK as a sensory evidential marker in semantic interpretation. Finally, it teases out the unique syntactic and semantic properties of EK in terms of the layered structure of sentence-final particles.
Just testing
Authors: Deygers Bart 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Justice has been the topic of comparatively few papers in the fields of applied linguistics or language assessment. This may be due to the lack of a clear and agreed-upon definition on the one hand, or to the difficulty of operationalizing justice for test development on the other. This paper aims to remedy both problems by discussing prior conceptualizations of justice and by introducing six justice principles, which are based on theories of distributive justice that focus on human rights, fairness, equal opportunity, and dignity. The overarching aim of this paper is to advance the debate on justice, and to provide a consistent way of considering ethical and moral dilemmas that language testers face today.
Morphological variability in L2 Italian
Authors: Romano Francesco Bryan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractKey accounts of morphological variability in L2 acquisition posit either deficits in the representation of abstract morphosyntactic features or the mapping between morpho-phonological forms and syntactic features due to computational limitations. This study extends previous research to L2 Italian, a richly inflected language. The production and grammatical intuitions of suppletive and affixal verb inflection were elicited from a cross-section of instructed adult L2 learners with L1 Spanish and L1 English. Although a clear production-intuition gap was found, supporting computational views, a strong regularity in the degree of variability across test conditions, L1s, and proficiency levels was also attested, supporting representational accounts. The findings suggest morphological development in L2 Italian is consistent with structure-building models that assume no L1 transfer of functional features. Imperative verb forms in L2 Italian are proposed as defaults equivalent to the bare verb forms of L2 English and non-finite defaults of L2 French and German.
Incidental acquisition of collocations in L2
Authors: Vilkaitė Laura 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAs collocations are very numerous, at least a part of them has to be learned incidentally when acquiring a second language. There is now an increasing body of evidence showing that incidental learning of collocations seems to be possible. The present study sets out to investigate whether collocations can be learned incidentally if encountered in their nonadjacent form (with words intervening between collocates). It also looks at the role of prior vocabulary knowledge in incidental acquisition of adjacent and nonadjacent collocations. The results show that nonadjacent collocations can be learned equally well as adjacent ones, at least to the recognition level of knowledge. Also, larger prior vocabulary knowledge seems to lead to better chances of learning both adjacent and nonadjacent collocations incidentally.
Application, results and perceptions of a think-aloud study in listening comprehension of Spanish
Authors: Nogueroles López Marta 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The present article outlines the procedure and shows the outcomes of a think-aloud study intended to, first, find out what listening strategies Hong Kong students of Spanish use to comprehend a particular oral passage in the target language, second, discover what strategies the learners perceive to be the most effective, and, third, understand the participants’ perceptions of the think-aloud protocol. Such a protocol was developed during interviews in which students listened to a text in Spanish, and were asked to verbalize the processes they were using. After listening, they completed five comprehension questions, reflected on their strategic behaviour, and evaluated the protocol itself. Results reveal that problem identification and evaluation are the most used strategies; while the strategies of focusing attention, note taking, and cooperation are reported to be the most effective ones. Findings also show that students have a very positive view of the developed think-aloud protocol.
Duty, desire, and Japaneseness
Authors: Durbidge Levi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis qualitative study draws on identity theory to explore the short-term study abroad and language learning experiences of Japanese high school students from a private high school near Tokyo as they travelled to the UK and the USA. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews both before and after the program, combined with daily journals written by the students, and then subjected to thematic analysis. Several themes emerged among the students’ accounts of their experiences, including drawing on Japanese cultural identities to interpret difficult intercultural experiences, seeing English-mediated identities as a means to overcome pressure to conform to idealized notions of Japanese femininity, and feeling a sense of duty to parents as a motivator to study abroad. These findings demonstrate the diversity of experiences in high school programs and highlight a need for further research on students travelling from non-English-speaking backgrounds to study abroad.
Linguistic identity changes of Chinese international students in Germany
Authors: Maeder-Qian Jingyue 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article presents findings from a pilot study that aimed to examine Chinese international students’ linguistic identity changes in relation to their English as a lingua franca (ELF) experience and their multilingual competencies in Germany. Data were collected through two rounds of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with seven Chinese postgraduate students over a period of three to five months, with email reports as a supplementary method. A phenomenological approach was then used to interpret four students’ study-abroad experience by looking at relationships among language, identity, and context. The findings suggest that most of the ELF-users demonstrated positive transformation of linguistic identities within the university setting, but ELF also led to a role of ‘bystander’ in German society. The Chinese students’ multilingual identity development demonstrated diverse features and various reasons for this were identified, such as the context in which their social interaction took place, the perceived power relationships between speakers, and the extent of their multilingual competencies.
The American gaze east
Authors: Trentman Emma , Diao Wenhao 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The 21st century has seen an emphasis in US media and policy documents on increasing the numbers of US students studying abroad and also the amount of US students studying ‘critical’ languages. This paper examines the intersection of these discourses, or the experiences of critical language learners abroad. We analyze this intersection by using critical discourse analysis to examine US media and policy documents and data from students studying Arabic in Egypt and Mandarin in China. This analysis reveals considerable discrepancies between rhetoric and experience in terms of language and intercultural learning. We argue that a critical examination of current discourses of study abroad (SA) reveals that they in fact recreate the colonial map, mask global inequalities, and create a new global elite. We conclude that language and intercultural learning abroad will remain a source of tension until SA students and programs critically engage with these discourses.
L1-L2 speaker interaction in a study abroad setting
Authors: McMeekin Abigail 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAnalyzing approximately nine hours of video-recorded naturally-occurring conversations over eight weeks of study abroad between three L2 speakers of Japanese and their L1 speaker host family members, the present study uses conversation analysis to explore how the participants manage intersubjectivity using communication strategies in word searches. Specifically the study explores the following: (a) how participants deploy, manipulate, and respond to communication strategies as interactional resources used to co-construct meaning and progressively disambiguate the referent sought; (b) how strategies are used within the sequential organization of word searches to guide the trajectory of the search on a turn-by-turn basis; (c) how linguistic and non-linguistic resources such as intonation and eye gaze are used in conjunction with strategies to organize participant structure and relevant action in the unfolding talk; and (d) how a microanalytic, interactional approach can redefine our understanding of how strategic mechanisms are used and labeled in interaction.