bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of infliximab with adalimumab in 827 biologic‐naïve patients with Crohn's disease: a population‐based Danish cohort study
Authors: Singh S. , Andersen N. N. , Andersson M. , Loftus E. V. , Jess T. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundThere are conflicting data on comparative effectiveness of adalimumab and infliximab in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).AimsTo compare the effectiveness and safety of adalimumab and infliximab in biologic‐naïve patients with CD, in a nationwide register‐based propensity score‐matched cohort study in Denmark.MethodsA total of 2908 Danish adults with CD had been treated with adalimumab or infliximab as their first biologic agent between 2005‐2014. By Cox regression, we compared rates of all‐cause hospitalisation, CD‐related hospitalisation, major abdominal surgery and serious infections after variable 2:1 propensity score matching, accounting for baseline disease characteristics, healthcare utilisation and use of CD‐related medications.ResultsAfter propensity‐score matching, we included 315 adalimumab‐ (34.9 ± 12.9 years, 41.9% males) and 512 infliximab‐treated (33.6 ± 12.6 years, 40.8% males) patients, with median disease duration 4.0 years; 36.9% had prior abdominal surgery. Over a median follow‐up 2.3 years after starting biological therapy, there were no significant differences in rate of CD‐related hospitalisation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.81 [95% CI, 0.55‐1.20]) or major abdominal surgery (HR, 1.24 [0.66‐2.33]) between adalimumab‐ and infliximab‐treated patients, though rate of all‐cause hospitalisation was lower in adalimumab‐treated patients (HR, 0.74 [0.56‐0.97]). There was no significant difference in incidence of serious infections requiring hospitalisation (HR, 1.06 [0.26‐4.21]). These results were stable in patients treated with biological monotherapy (all‐cause hospitalisation: HR, 0.75 [0.53‐1.05]; CD‐related hospitalisation: HR, 0.82 [0.51‐1.32], abdominal surgery: HR, 1.47 [0.63‐3.47]) or in combination with immunomodulators (all‐cause hospitalisation: HR, 0.70 [0.44‐1.11]; CD‐related hospitalisation: HR, 0.80 [0.42‐1.52], abdominal surgery: HR, 1.02 [0.39‐2.64]).ConclusionsIn this population‐based, propensity score matched, real‐life cohort study using administrative claims, there was no significant difference in effectiveness and safety of adalimumab and infliximab in biologic‐naïve patients with CD.
Solar irradiance as the proximate cue for flowering in a tropical moist forest
Authors: Wright S. Joseph , Calderón Osvaldo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe compared flowering times predicted by six possible proximate cues involving seasonal changes in rainfall and irradiance and flowering times observed over 30 years of weekly censuses for 19 tree and liana species from Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. Hypotheses concerning variation in the timing and intensity of rainfall failed to predict flowering times in any species. In contrast, 10 to 12 weeks of consistent high levels of irradiance predicted flowering times well for eight species, and six or seven weeks of rapidly increasing levels of irradiance predicted flowering times well for two species. None of the six possible proximate cues predicted flowering times adequately for the nine remaining species. We conclude that high and increasing levels of irradiance are the proximate cues for flowering in many BCI species. The seasonal movements of the Intertropical Convergence Zone cause strong seasonal changes in cloud cover, atmospheric transmissivity, and irradiance reaching the BCI forest. Inter‐annual variation in the timing of movements of the Intertropical Convergence Zone is the most likely cause of inter‐annual variation in the timing of flowering in these species. Much work remains to be done as the physiological mechanisms linking flowering and irradiance are unknown and the proximate cues for flowering remain to be identified for many other BCI species.
Cognition in childhood dystonia: a systematic review
Authors: Coenen Maraike A , Eggink Hendriekje , Tijssen Marina A , Spikman Jacoba M 
Published: December 2017

AimCognitive impairments have been established as part of the non‐motor phenomenology of adult dystonia. In childhood dystonia, the extent of cognitive impairments is less clear. This systematic review aims to present an overview of the existing literature to elucidate the cognitive profile of primary and secondary childhood dystonia.MethodStudies focusing on cognition in childhood dystonia were searched in MEDLINE and PsychInfo up to October 2017. We included studies on idiopathic and genetic forms of dystonia as well as dystonia secondary to cerebral palsy and inborn errors of metabolism.ResultsThirty‐four studies of the initial 527 were included. Studies for primary dystonia showed intact cognition and IQ, but mild working memory and processing speed deficits. Studies on secondary dystonia showed more pronounced cognitive deficits and lower IQ scores with frequent intellectual disability. Data are missing for attention, language, and executive functioning.InterpretationThis systematic review shows possible cognitive impairments in childhood dystonia. The severity of cognitive impairment seems to intensify with increasing neurological abnormalities. However, the available data on cognition in childhood dystonia are very limited and not all domains have been investigated yet. This underlines the need for future research using standardized neuropsychological procedures in this group.What this paper adds

There is limited data on cognition in childhood dystonia.

Primary dystonia showed intact cognition and IQ, but mild working memory and processing speed deficits.

Secondary dystonia showed more pronounced deficits and lower IQ, with frequent intellectual disability.

There is a strong need for case‐control studies assessing cognition using standardized neuropsychological tests.
Case management in early psychosis intervention programme: Perspectives of clients and caregivers
Authors: Wong Horng Hien , Yong Yee Huei , Shahwan Shazana , Cetty Laxman , Vaingankar Janhavi , Hon Charlene , Lee Helen , Loh Christopher , Abdin Edimansyah , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: December 2017

AimThis qualitative study explored the perspectives of clients and caregivers on case management provided by the Singapore Early Psychosis Intervention Programme (EPIP), with the intent to understand the salient aspects of case management from their perspective.MethodsClients and their caregivers were recruited from the EPIP outpatient clinics. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted at a community centre outside the hospital with 47 clients and 19 caregivers. Facilitators were experienced researchers who were not involved in the care of the clients and trained in qualitative research methodologies. All FGDs were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim with all participants' identifiers omitted to protect confidentiality. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis.ResultsThere were 11 themes that emerged from the FGDs: therapeutic alliance, holistic monitoring, collaborative role with other care providers, counselling and guidance, crisis management, bridging role, client‐centred care, client empowerment and strength building, psychoeducation/education on illness, support and problem solving. “Problem solving” surfaced only from the client FGDs; the remaining themes were common to both groups.ConclusionsThe voices of clients and caregivers are important to EPIP case management service. This study has provided insights into their perspectives, understandings and lived experiences of case management and its impact on clients and caregivers.
Crystal structure of native β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase isolated from Aspergillus oryzae sheds light onto its substrate specificity, high stability, and regulation by propeptide
Authors: Škerlová Jana , Bláha Jan , Pachl Petr , Hofbauerová Kateřina , Kukačka Zdeněk , Man Petr , Pompach Petr , Novák Petr , Otwinowski Zbyszek , Brynda Jiří , Vaněk Ondřej , Řezáčová Pavlína 
Published: December 2017

β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase from the fungus Aspergillus oryzae is a secreted extracellular enzyme that cleaves chitobiose into constituent monosaccharides. It belongs to the GH 20 glycoside hydrolase family and consists of two N‐glycosylated catalytic cores noncovalently associated with two 10‐kDa O‐glycosylated propeptides. We used X‐ray diffraction and mass spectrometry to determine the structure of A. oryzae β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase isolated from its natural source. The three‐dimensional structure determined and refined to a resolution of 2.3 Å revealed that this enzyme is active as a uniquely tight dimeric assembly further stabilized by N‐ and O‐glycosylation. The propeptide from one subunit forms extensive noncovalent interactions with the catalytic core of the second subunit in the dimer, and this chain swap suggests the distinctive structural mechanism of the enzyme's activation. Unique structural features of β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase from A. oryzae define a very stable and robust framework suitable for biotechnological applications. The crystal structure reported here provides structural insights into the enzyme architecture as well as the detailed configuration of the active site. These insights can be applied to rational enzyme engineering.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB database under the accession number 5OAR.Enzymeβ‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52).
Genomic origin and nuclear localization of TERRA telomeric repeat‐containing RNA: from Darkness to Dawn
Authors: Diman Aurélie , Decottignies Anabelle 
Published: December 2017

Long noncoding RNAs, produced from distinct regions of the chromosomes, are emerging as new key players in several important biological processes. The long noncoding RNAs add a new layer of complexity to cellular regulatory pathways, from transcription to cellular trafficking or chromatin remodeling. More than 25 years ago, the discovery of a transcriptional activity at telomeres of protozoa ended the long‐lasting belief that telomeres were transcriptionally silent. Since then, progressively accumulating evidences established that production of TElomeric Repeat‐containing RNA (TERRA) was a general feature of eukaryotic cells. Whether TERRA molecules always originate from the telomeres or whether they can be transcribed from internal telomeric repeats as well is however still a matter of debate. Whether TERRA transcripts always localize to telomeres and play similar roles in all eukaryotic cells is also unclear. We review the studies on TERRA localization in the cell, its composition and some aspects of its transcriptional regulation to summarize the current knowledge and controversies about the genomic origin of TERRA, with a focus on human and mouse TERRA.
Sharing the Burden? Empirical Evidence on Corporate Tax Incidence
Authors: Dwenger Nadja , Steiner Viktor , Rattenhuber Pia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the direct incidence of the corporate income tax (CIT) through wage bargaining, using an industry-region level panel dataset on all corporations in Germany over the period 1998-2006. For the first time we account for employment effects which result from tax-induced wage changes. Workers share in reductions of the CIT burden; yet, the net effect of wage bargaining on the corporate wage bill, after an exogenous €1 decrease in the CIT burden, is as little as 19-28 cents. This is about half of the effect obtained in prior literature focussing on wages alone.
Co‐creating an Open Government Action Plan: The Case of Sekondi‐Takoradi Metropolitan Assembly, Ghana
Authors: Chatwin Merlin , Arku Godwin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper contributes to the limited literature on open government initiatives at the subnational level in developing countries. It examines the motivations of actors in a local government authority to utilize the capabilities of various stakeholders to overcome constraints in cocreating an action plan for open government reforms. This empirical analysis utilized qualitative fieldwork conducted in Sekondi‐Takoradi Metropolitan Assembly, Ghana's third largest local government. The findings demonstrate that a confluence of citizen demand for openness, and willingness within the governance stakeholders, are motivating the pursuit of open government reforms. Viewed through an open innovation framework, we argue that achieving good governance through information transparency, public participation, and accountability reforms is hindered by the institutional environment. Ghana's subnational governments need national level commitment to provide the resources, mandate, and authority to become truly “open.”
Analysing the factors that influence the Pareto frontier of a bi‐objective supply chain design problem
Authors: Palacio Antonio , Adenso‐Díaz Belarmino , Lozano Sebastián 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper a bi‐objective multi‐product model for the design of a production/distribution supply chain logistic network with four echelons is considered. The proposed optimization model minimizes the total cost of the network (including the fixed cost to open facilities and the transportation costs between them) and the total CO2 emissions. Five factors (network size, product complexity, cost variability, CO2 emissions generation and over‐capacity) are considered for the experimental framework. The problem is solved using the ε‐constraint method and the resulting Pareto frontiers (PF) are characterized using five new metrics specifically developed for analysing how those factors affect the resulting optimal configurations. The results show that over‐capacity and product complexity are the two most influential factors regarding the characteristics of the PF, and that their effects are in the same direction: more complexity and capacity mean a wider set of optima alternatives, some close to the ideal point, and in general with a smaller number of links used.
New algorithms for the minimum coloring cut problem
Authors: Bordini Augusto , Protti Fábio , da Silva Thiago Gouveia , de Sousa Filho Gilberto Farias 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe minimum coloring cut problem is defined as follows: given a connected graph G with colored edges, find an edge cut E' of G (a minimal set of edges whose removal renders the graph disconnected) such that the number of colors used by the edges in E' is minimum. In this work, we present two approaches based on variable neighborhood search to solve this problem. Our algorithms are able to find all the optimum solutions described in the literature.
Contractual structures and consumer misperceptions
Authors: Michel Christian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe analyze how firms can design contracts to strategically induce consumer misperceptions. A fraction of consumers is naive and underestimates the costs of claiming a warranty payment in the event of product breakdown. This leads to an inference error that makes consumers prone to overpredict product quality, which a firm can profitably exploit. The channel persists under different market structures and can reduce the quality provision to sophisticated consumers. We argue that our results apply more generally to cases in which consumers are inattentive or illiterate with respect to contract fine print, and provide supporting evidence from TV infomercials.
Optical and Mechanical Properties of Newly Developed Monolithic Multilayer Zirconia
Authors: Elsaka Shaymaa E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the optical and mechanical properties of newly introduced monolithic multilayer zirconia with two types of monolithic zirconia.Materials and MethodsThree brands of monolithic zirconia were used in this study: Ceramill Zolid FX Multilayer (CZF), Prettau Anterior (PA), and Zenostar T (ZT). Translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), flexural strength, fracture toughness, hardness, brittleness index, and microstructures were assessed. Data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. A Weibull analysis was conducted on the flexural strength data.ResultsCZF revealed significantly higher TP and lower CR compared with PA and ZT monolithic zirconia (p < 0.05). ZT showed higher flexural strength and fracture toughness compared with CZF and PA (p < 0.001). On the other hand, CZF revealed significantly higher hardness values compared with PA and ZT (p < 0.001). CZF and PA revealed higher brittleness index than ZT monolithic zirconia (p < 0.001). ZT showed small grain microstructure while CZF and PA showed larger grains. ZT had a higher characteristic strength (σ0), Weibull modulus (m), and a lower probability of failure compared with CZF and PA.ConclusionsThe optical and mechanical properties of the tested monolithic zirconia are material dependent. Fully stabilized monolithic zirconia materials (CZF and PA) are relatively more translucent than partially stabilized zirconia (ZT).
Reinforcement of Single Implant‐Retained Mandibular Overdenture with a Cobalt‐Chromium Framework before Implant Surgery
Authors: Amaral Camilla Fraga do , Pinheiro Mayara Abreu , Rodrigues Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPrevious clinical research has shown promising results in oral rehabilitation of elderly adults by a single implant‐retained mandibular overdenture; however, the high incidence of fracture in the anterior region of these overdentures is a concern for clinicians. To minimize catastrophic overdenture fracture, we propose a technique to insert an individualized metal framework in single implant‐retained overdentures prior to implant surgery.
Intestinal P-glycoprotein inhibitors, benzoxanthone analogues
Authors: Chae Song Wha , Lee Jaeok , Park Jung Hyun , Kwon Youngjoo , Na Younghwa , Lee Hwa Jeong 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Objectives
The inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) which limits an access of exogenous compounds in the luminal membrane of the intestine have been studied to enhance the intestinal P-gp-mediated absorption of anticancer drugs.

Methods
Inhibition of the efflux pump by synthesized benzoxanthone derivatives was investigated in vitro and in vivo. MCF-7/ADR cell line was used for cytotoxicity assay and [3H]-daunomycin (DNM) accumulation/efflux study. Eight benzoxanthone analogues were tested for their effects on DNM cytotoxicity. Among them, three analogues were selected for the accumulation/efflux and P-gp ATPase studies. Paclitaxel (PTX), a P-gp substrate anticancer drug, was orally administered to rats with/without compound 1 (8,10-bis(thiiran-2-ylmethoxy)-7H-benzo[c]xanthen-7-one). The pharmacokinetic parameters of PTX in the presence/absence of compound 1 were evaluated from the plasma concentration-time profiles.

Key-findings
Compound 1 increased the DNA accumulation to 6.5-fold and decreased the DNM efflux to approximately 1/2 in the overexpressing P-gp cell line. Relative bioavailability (RB) of PTX in rats was significantly increased up to 3.2-fold by compound 1 (0.5 or 2 mg/kg).

Conclusions
Benzoxanthone analogue, compound 1 is strongly suggested to be a promising inhibitor of P-gp to improve an oral absorption of compounds for cancer therapy.
Weight status, diet quality, perceived stress, and functional health of caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Li Xiaoyin Sara , Pinto‐Martin Jennifer A. , Thompson Aleda , Chittams Jesse , Kral Tanja V.E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeCaring for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be highly demanding and can put significant strain on caregivers. To date, little is known about the extent to which caregivers of children with ASD experience increased levels of stress which may adversely affect health outcomes. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to compare caregivers of children with ASD and caregivers of typically developing children (TDC) in weight status, diet quality, perceived stress related to the parenting role, and functional health and well‐being.Design and methodsCaregivers of 25 children with ASD and 30 TDC completed the 2005 Block Food Frequency Questionnaire, the 36‐item Short Form of the Parenting Stress Index (PSI/SF), and the Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) and had their heights and weights measured during an onsite visit. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)‐2010 and its dietary components and conformance to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.ResultsASD caregivers did not differ significantly from TDC caregivers in body mass index or overweight/obesity prevalence (p ≥ .28), even when controlling for covariates. In univariate analyses, ASD caregivers consumed significantly fewer empty calories from solid fats, alcohol, and added sugars than TDC caregivers (p = .03), but they did not differ significantly in any other dietary outcomes including nutrient adequacy (p ≥ .10) and mean total HEI scores (p = .20). ASD caregivers, when compared to TDC caregivers, reported significantly greater parenting stress for the subscales difficult child and parent–child dysfunctional interaction as well as total stress (p < .001). In addition, 56% of ASD caregivers compared with 6.7% of TDC caregivers showed clinically significant levels of stress (p < .0001); a finding which remained statistically significant when controlling for covariates. ASD and TDC caregivers did not differ significantly in any SF‐36 health domains related to functional health and well‐being (p ≥ .10).Practice implicationsDespite higher reported levels of stress, ASD caregivers did not differ significantly from TDC caregivers in diet‐ and health‐related outcomes. Nurses and other health professionals should use comprehensive screening tools to assess overall caregiver stress and levels of resilience.
Cobinamide is effective for treatment of hydrogen sulfide–induced neurological sequelae in a mouse model
Authors: Anantharam Poojya , Whitley Elizabeth M. , Mahama Belinda , Kim Dong‐Suk , Sarkar Souvarish , Santana Cristina , Chan Adriano , Kanthasamy Anumantha G. , Kanthasamy Arthi , Boss Gerry R. , Rumbeiha Wilson K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a highly neurotoxic gas. Acute exposure can lead to neurological sequelae among survivors. A drug for treating neurological sequelae in survivors of acute H2S intoxication is needed. Using a novel mouse model we evaluated the efficacy of cobinamide (Cob) for increasing survival of, and reducing neurological sequalae in, mice exposed to sublethal doses of H2S. There were two objectives: (1) to determine the dose–response efficacy of Cob and (2) to determine the effective therapeutic time window of Cob. To explore objective 1, mice were injected intramuscularly with Cob at 0, 50, or 100 mg/kg at 2 min after H2S exposure. For objective 2, mice were injected intramuscularly with 100 mg/kg Cob at 2, 15, and 30 min after H2S exposure. For both objectives, mice were exposed to 765 ppm of H2S gas. Cob significantly reduced H2S‐induced lethality in a dose‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). Cob‐treated mice exhibited significantly fewer seizures and knockdowns compared with the H2S‐exposed group. Cob also reversed H2S‐induced weight loss, behavioral deficits, neurochemical changes, cytochrome c oxidase enzyme inhibition, and neurodegeneration in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner (P < 0.01). Overall, these findings show that Cob increases survival and is neuroprotective in a mouse model of H2S‐induced neurological sequelae.