bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Well Do Physicians, Pharmacists, and Psychologists Assess Tardive Dyskinesia Movements?
Authors: Kalachnik John E. , Sprague Robert L. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare the tardive dyskinesia assessment ability of physicians, pharmacists, and psychologists prior to and after formal training. METHOD: One hundred twenty-two physicians, 82 pharmacists, and 78 psychologists participated in assessment training with the Dyskinesia Identification System Condensed User Scale (DISCUS). Participants were shown one of three videotapes as a pretest before training and as a posttest after training. Inter- and intraprofessional comparisons were made on total score, body area scores, and individual item scores. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. If significant differences were found, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted. To identify where significant effects occurred, the Tukey test was used. RESULTS: The group as a whole improved from a pretest total point difference from criteria of 6.3 ± 5.7 SD to a posttest difference of 2.8 ± 2.8 SD (df=2, f=84.32, p<0.001). This training effect occurred for six of the seven videotape testing sequences used. Physicians, pharmacists, and psychologists did not significantly differ from each other before or after training. All three professions significantly improved as a result of training. A subgroup of 39 psychiatrists within the physician group showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Untrained raters, regardless of profession, are not necessarily accurate in quantifying dyskinetic movements. Brief but formal training significantly improves accuracy.
Intravenous Magnesium Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hampton Edward M. , Whang David D. , Whang Robert 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To review the methods and summarize the findings of clinical trials evaluating the use of intravenous magnesium (Mg2+) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI); to discuss serum Mg2+ in AMI and the potential mechanisms by which intravenous Mg2+ may be effective. Tables are used extensively to provide detailed information about the various trials. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was used to identify pertinent literature. Additional references were obtained from the articles retrieved from that search. STUDY SELECTION: Studies randomized and/or placebo-controlled were selected for review. Additional relevant citations were used in the introductory material and discussion. DATA EXTRACTION: There were surprisingly few large, placebo-controlled trials. All clinical trials available at the time of publication were reviewed. Only eight trials enrolled sufficient numbers of patients and/or were of adequate design to make meaningful interpretations. The description of the methods and results of these articles are the basis of this review. Although additional controlled studies with more subjects are needed, the results to date form a foundation from which to make inferences regarding the utility of this therapeutic modality. DATA SYNTHESIS: Intravenous Mg2+ has been demonstrated, albeit inconclusively, to reduce immediate and long-term morbidity and mortality when given in the immediate postinfarction period. Six of the eight controlled trials discussed report a decrease in the overall incidence of arrhythmia or in the frequency of arrhythmia requiring treatment. Four of the eight reported statistical significance. Five of the six trials evaluating mortality reported a decrease in the mortality rate from intravenous Mg2+ administered post-MI. Four of the five reported statistical significance. The favorable effect of intravenous Mg2+ on the mortality rate appears to occur in the first 30 days post-MI and is maintained through at least one year. The effects appear to be independent of concurrent therapy and do not appeart to relate to baseline serum Mg2+ concentrations. Intravenous Mg2+ appears to be safe and well tolerated. Flushing, hypotension, and atrioventricular (AV) node conduction abnormalities occur on occasion and seem related to the rate of administration. The exact dosage in this setting remains to be determined. CONCLUSIONS: Additional, well-designed, multicenter, controlled trials evaluating intravenous Mg2+ in AMI are needed. The pending Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival, with an anticipated 400 000 subjects, should clarify a number of unresolved issues regarding this therapy. Based on the information available to date, however, intravenous Mg2+ as a significant therapeutic modality for AMI shows promise. Pending further investigation, however, it should be avoided in patients with significant sinoatrial or AV conduction disturbances.
Pharmacists as Members of the Healthcare Team in Israel: Sectoral Differences
Authors: Lustig Ahuva , Zusman Shlomo P. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To examine the sectoral differences among Israeli pharmacists regarding their perception of actual versus desired contact with other members of the healthcare team, and measures necessary to achieve a closer working relationship among members. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pharmacists from private, community, and hospital sectors (n=145) completed a survey that assessed their respective views of the current and future roles of the pharmacist as a member of the healthcare team. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Common to pharmacists in all three sectors is their aspiration for greater cooperation among members of the healthcare team, especially with physicians. Intersectoral differences were found in their attitude toward their role in the healthcare team: hospital phannacists would like a better relationship with patients, private pharmacists would like closer ties with physicians, and community pharmacists would like better teamwork with the nurse. No sectoral differences were seen in how pharmacists see themselves as members of the clinical healthcare team. Only 12 percent believe they have adequate knowledge to advise on clinical pharmacotherapy. To perform this function, they indicated that more training in pharmacotherapy would be needed (98.6 percent of respondents), as well as joint courses with medical students (84.2 percent), and a modification of their internship period requiring them to work in each of the different practice sectors (73.4 percent). No sectoral differences were observed regarding the benefits of a more active role of the pharmacist in the healthcare team. CONCLUSIONS: One possible explanation for Israeli pharmacists' low professional self-image, despite the rewards of the profession, is that they lack the necessary clinical knowledge that would enable them to take a more active role in the healthcare team. Pharmacists' job satisfaction may improve if a more active advisory role in the healthcare team can be achieved.
Oral Rivaroxaban for the Treatment of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism in 400 Patients With Active Cancer: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Pignataro Bruno Soriano , Nishinari Kenji , Cavalcante Rafael Noronha , Centofanti Guilherme , Yazbek Guilherme , Krutman Mariana , Bomfim Guilherme Andre Zotelle , Fonseca Igor Yoshio Imagawa , Teivelis Marcelo Passos , Wolosker Nelson , Sanches Solange Moraes , Ramacciotti Eduardo 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: To study the safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban—a direct oral anticoagulant—use in patients with active cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Patients and Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 400 patients with active cancer and associated VTE, defined as deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. This single-center study was carried out from January 2012 to June 2015. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety, using the incidence of recurrent symptomatic VTE and major bleeding, respectively, throughout the treatment with rivaroxaban. Results: Of the 400 patients enrolled, 223 (55.8%) were female. A total of 362 (90.5%) patients had solid tumors and 244 (61%) had metastatic disease. A total of 302 (75.5%) received initial parenteral therapy with enoxaparin (median: 3, mean: 5.6, standard deviation [SD]: 6.4 days) followed by rivaroxaban. Ninety-eight patients (24.5%) were treated with on label rivaroxaban treatment. Recurrence rates were 3.25% with major bleeding occurring in 5.5% during the anticoagulant therapy (median: 118, mean: 163.9, SD: 159.9 days). Conclusion: Rivaroxaban can be an attractive alternative for the treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis.
Feasibility, acceptability and clinical utility of the Cultural Formulation Interview: Mixed-methods results from the DSM-5 international field trial
Authors: Lewis-Fernández Roberto , Aggarwal Neil Krishan , Lam Peter C. , Galfalvy Hanga , Weiss Mitchell G. , Kirmayer Laurence J. , Paralikar Vasudeo , Deshpande Smita N. , Díaz Esperanza , Nicasio Andel V. , Boiler Marit , Alarcón Renato D. , Rohlof Hans , Groen Simon , van Dijk Rob C. J. , Jadhav Sushrut , Sarmukaddam Sanjeev , Ndetei David , Scalco Monica Z. , Bassiri Kavoos , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio , Ton Hendry , Westermeyer Joseph , Vega-Dienstmaier Johann M. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThere is a need for clinical tools to identify cultural issues in diagnostic assessment.AimsTo assess the feasibility, acceptability and clinical utility of the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) in routine clinical practice.MethodMixed-methods evaluation of field trial data from six countries. The CFI was administered to diagnostically diverse psychiatric out-patients during a diagnostic interview. In post-evaluation sessions, patients and clinicians completed debriefing qualitative interviews and Likert-scale questionnaires. The duration of CFI administration and the full diagnostic session were monitored.ResultsMixed-methods data from 318 patients and 75 clinicians found the CFI feasible, acceptable and useful. Clinician feasibility ratings were significantly lower than patient ratings and other clinician-assessed outcomes. After administering one CFI, however, clinician feasibility ratings improved significantly and subsequent interviews required less time.ConclusionsThe CFI was included in DSM-5 as a feasible, acceptable and useful cultural assessment tool.
Dysferlin mediates membrane tubulation and links T-tubule biogenesis to muscular dystrophy
Authors: Hofhuis Julia , Bersch Kristina , Büssenschütt Ronja , Drzymalski Marzena , Liebetanz David , Nikolaev Viacheslav O. , Wagner Stefan , Maier Lars S. , Gärtner Jutta , Klinge Lars , Thoms Sven 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
The multi-C2 domain protein dysferlin localizes to the plasma membrane and the T-tubule system in skeletal muscle; however, its physiological mode of action is unknown. Mutations in the DYSF gene lead to autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B and Miyoshi myopathy. Here, we show that dysferlin has membrane tubulating capacity and that it shapes the T-tubule system. Dysferlin tubulates liposomes, generates a T-tubule-like membrane system in non-muscle cells, and links the recruitment of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the biogenesis of the T-tubule system. Pathogenic mutant forms interfere with all of these functions, indicating that muscular wasting and dystrophy are caused by the dysferlin mutants' inability to form a functional T-tubule membrane system.
IFT57 stabilizes the assembled intraflagellar transport complex and mediates transport of motility-related flagellar cargo
Authors: Jiang Xue , Hernandez Daniel , Hernandez Catherine , Ding Zhaolan , Nan Beiyan , Aufderheide Karl , Qin Hongmin 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is essential for the assembly and maintenance of flagella and cilia. Recent biochemical studies have shown that IFT complex B (IFT-B) is comprised of two subcomplexes, IFT-B1 and IFT-B2. The IFT-B2 subunit IFT57 lies at the interface between IFT-B1 and IFT-B2. Here, using a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant for IFT57, we tested whether IFT57 is required for IFT-B complex assembly by bridging IFT-B1 and IFT-B2 together. In the ift57-1 mutant, levels of IFT57 and other IFT-B proteins were greatly reduced at the whole-cell level. However, strikingly, in the protease-free flagellar compartment, while the level of IFT57 was reduced, the levels of other IFT particle proteins were not concomitantly reduced but were present at the wild-type level. The IFT movement of the IFT57-deficient IFT particles was also unchanged. Moreover, IFT57 depletion disrupted the flagellar waveform, leading to cell swimming defects. Analysis of the mutant flagellar protein composition showed that certain axonemal proteins were altered. Taken together, these findings suggest that IFT57 does not play an essential structural role in the IFT particle complex but rather functions to prevent it from degradation. Additionally, IFT57 is involved in transporting specific motility-related proteins.
Evaluation of 99mTc-MIBI in thyroid gland imaging for the diagnosis of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Wang Junqi , Zhang Ruiguo 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is caused by amiodarone as a side effect of cardiovascular disease treatment. Based on the differences in their pathological and physiological mechanisms, many methods have been developed so far to differentiate AIT subtypes such as colour flow Doppler sonography (CFDS) and 24-h radioiodine uptake (RAIU). However, these methods suffer from inadequate accuracy in distinguishing different types of AITs and sometimes lead to misdiagnosis and delayed treatments. Therefore, there is an unmet demand for an efficient method for accurate classification of AIT.

Methods:
Technetium-99 methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) thyroid imaging was performed on 15 patients for AIT classification, and the results were compared with other conventional methods such as CFDS, RAIU and 99mTcO4 imaging.

Results:
High uptake and retention of MIBI in thyroid tissue is characteristic in Type I AIT, while in sharp contrast, low uptake of MIBI in the thyroid tissue was observed in Type II AIT. Mixed-type AIT shows uptake value between Types I and II. MIBI imaging outperforms other methods with a lower misdiagnosis rate.

Conclusion:
Among the methods evaluated, MIBI imaging enables an accurate identification of Type I, II and mixed-type AITs by showing distinct images for different types of AITs. The results obtained from our selected subjects revealed that MIBI imaging is a reliable method for diagnosis and classification of AITs and MIBI imaging has potential in the treatment of thyroid diseases.

Advances in knowledge:
99mTc-MIBI imaging is a useful method for the diagnosis of AIT. It can distinguish different types of AITs especially for mixed-type AIT, which is usually difficult to treat. 99mTc-MIBI has potential advantages over conventional methods in the efficient treatment of AIT.
Candida antifungal drug resistance in sub-Saharan African populations: A systematic review
Authors: Africa Charlene Wilma Joyce , Abrantes Pedro Miguel dos Santos 
Published: January 2017

Background:Candidainfections are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality rates in at-risk patients, especially in developing countries where there is limited access to antifungal drugs and a high burden of HIV co-infection. Objectives:This study aimed to identify antifungal drug resistance patterns within the subcontinent of Africa. Methods: A literature search was conducted on published studies that employed antifungal susceptibility testing on clinicalCandidaisolates from sub-Saharan African countries using Pubmed and Google Scholar. Results: A total of 21 studies from 8 countries constituted this review. Only studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa and employing antifungal drug susceptibility testing were included. Regional differences inCandidaspecies prevalence and resistance patterns were identified. Discussion: The outcomes of this review highlight the need for a revision of antifungal therapy guidelines in regions most affected byCandidadrug resistance. Better controls in antimicrobial drug distribution and the implementation of regional antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance programmes are required in order to reduce the highCandidadrug resistance levels seen to be emerging in sub-Saharan Africa.
A unified homogeneity criterion for rear lamps
Authors: Pfullmann Nils , Studeny Christian , Richter Beatrice 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a novel homogeneity criterion based on a just noticeable difference (JND) estimation model. An extensive study is presented to validate the proposed criterion exhibiting an unprecedented agreement between data and methodology. Current criteria are reviewed and compared to the proposed criterion.
Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate naphthoate with good ultraviolet and chemical resistance
Authors: Song Jun , Liu Mei , Yang Zhanping , Xu Songwei , Cheng Bowen , Fei Pengfei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCommercial cellulose diacetate with a degree of substitution (DS) of 2.45 was partly deacetylated to cellulose acetate (CA) with different DSs by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and then reacted with 1-naphthoyl chloride (NpCl) to synthesize CA naphthoate (CANp). Fourier transform infrared and 1H-NMR were used to characterize the chemical structure of CANp. The DS of naphthoate moiety (DSCANp) could be varied from 0.18 to 0.98 by adjusting the molar ratio of –OH in CA unit to NpCl, the DS of CA (DSCA), and the reaction time and temperature. When DSCA was 2.01 and the molar ratio was 1:6, the maximum DSCANp of the product was achieved after a reaction at 80°C for 2 h. With the increase of DSCANp, the thermal stability decreased slightly whereas the anti-ultraviolet property was enhanced. Moreover, the obtained films containing CANp exhibited good ultraviolet resistance as well as chemical resistance.
Ultracompact on-chip photothermal power monitor based on silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguides
Authors: Wu Hao , Ma Ke , Shi Yaocheng , Wosinski Lech , Dai Daoxin 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We propose and demonstrate an ultracompact on-chip photothermal power monitor based on a silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPWG), which consists of a metal strip, a silicon core, and a silicon oxide (SiO2) insulator layer between them. When light injected to an HPWG is absorbed by the metal strip, the temperature increases and the resistance of the metal strip changes accordingly due to the photothermal and thermal resistance effects of the metal. Therefore, the optical power variation can be monitored by measuring the resistance of the metal strip on the HPWG. To obtain the electrical signal for the resistance measurement conveniently, a Wheatstone bridge circuit is monolithically integrated with the HPWG on the same chip. As the HPWG has nanoscale light confinement, the present power monitor is as short as ~3 μm, which is the smallest photothermal power monitor reported until now. The compactness helps to improve the thermal efficiency and the response speed. For the present power monitor fabricated with simple fabrication processes, the measured responsivity is as high as about 17.7 mV/mW at a bias voltage of 2 V and the power dynamic range is as large as 35 dB.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-butane-1,4-diyl-bis(pyridine-3-carboxylato-κN))silver(I)] tetrafluoroborate, C16H16AgN2O4BF4
Authors: Brito Iván , Cárdenas Alejandro , Bolte Michael , Llanos Jaime , Cataldo Fernando 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
C16H16AgN2O4BF4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 17.416(2) Å, b = 13.1378(14) Å, c = 7.8246(10) Å, β = 96.566(10)°, V = 1778.6(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.025, wR
ref(F2) = 0.065, T = 173(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-2-oxoacetic acid, C16H15NO5
Authors: El-Hiti Gamal A. , Smith Keith , Alamri Mesfer , Morris Ceri A. , Kariuki Benson M. , Kille Peter 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
C16H15NO5, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 6.7689(5) Å, b = 45.219(3) Å, c = 10.1102(6) Å, β = 101.360(7)°, V = 3033.9(4) Å3, T = 298(2) K.
Organogels for the cleaning of artifacts
Authors: Pianorsi Maria Diletta , Raudino Martina , Bonelli Nicole , Chelazzi David , Giorgi Rodorico , Fratini Emiliano , Baglioni Piero 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The cleaning of artifacts must not alter the original properties of the objects. While the use of free solvents is risky, their confinement into polymeric networks can allow the safe removal of unwanted layers from artifacts. Recently, a methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate (MMA)-based organogel was formulated as loaded with butan-2-one (MEK), and used to remove aged varnishes from canvas paintings. However, this formulation is not enough retentive to allow its use on paper, where higher retentiveness is needed to avoid the uncontrolled spreading of MEK and dissolved materials. Here, a new PMMA-MEK gel was designed to overcome this limitation. The amount of cross-linker and monomer used in the synthesis of the gel were tuned to achieve optimal retentiveness. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermogravimetry (DTG), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) provided information on the solvent content, release rate, and mesoporosity of the gel as compared to the previous system. The lower solvent release rate of the new formulation allowed the safe removal of wax that jeopardized a 19th century paper document. The removal was confirmed through optical microscopy and ATR-FTIR, which also highlighted the absence of gel residues on the treated surface.
Synthesis of p-methoxyphenyl sulfated β-GalNAc derivatives with inhibitory activity against Japanese encephalitis virus
Authors: Sakuragi Miho , Suzuki Ryoko , Hidari Kazuya I.P.J. , Yamanaka Takashi , Nakano Hirofumi 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue is one of the units of chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E) which has been reported to have inhibitory activity against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Herein, we describe the synthesis of a series of p-methoxyphenyl β-GalNAc derivatives with a sulfate group at 3-, 4-, and/or 6-positions using an efficient route through a common synthetic intermediate. By measuring the inhibition activity of these compounds that bear different numbers and positions of sulfate groups, the effect of position specificity for interaction with the virus was determined. From these results, GalNAc6S and GalNAc4S6S derivatives inhibited JEV infections well; we suggest the 6-O-sulfate group is necessary for selective recognition by the virus.
Functional polyketones for the removal of calcium and magnesium from water (part I): synthesis and chemical characterization
Authors: Figaroa Patrick A. , Miedema Henk , Euverink Gert-Jan , Picchioni Francesco 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to design and synthesize a new class of compounds for the softening of hard water, i.e. for the removal of the divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+. To that end, a class of alternating aliphatic polyketones (copolymers of ethylene and propylene with carbon monoxide, PK30) was functionalized with a variety of amines employing the Paal-Knorr reaction, a relatively straightforward reaction-route to synthesize functional polyketones. The amino groups included aliphatic and aromatic structures with a molecular weight ranging from 74.1 to 129.2 g/mol. Elemental analysis was used to establish the degree of functionalization, whereas 1H-NMR spectroscopy was used to identify the molecular structure of the prepared polymers. Model compounds were used as reference for guiding structure determination and for studying the (relative) reaction kinetics.