bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MaNAP1-MaMADS1 transcription factor module mediates ethylene-regulated peel softening and ripening in banana
Authors: Li Hua , Chen Zhuo , Zhu Wenjun , Ni Xueting , Wang Junru , Fu Lufeng , Chen Jialin , Li Tianpu , Tang Lingxian , Yang Yingjie , Zhang Fukun , Wang Jiashui , Zhou Biyan , Chen Faxing , Lü Peitao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The banana (Musa spp.) peel undergoes rapid softening during ripening, leading to finger drop and a shortened shelf life. The regulatory mechanism behind this process remains to be elucidated. In this study, we confirmed the role of peel softening in banana finger drop and uncovered the underlying transcriptional regulatory network. Cell wall-related (CWR) genes were substantially upregulated in both the peel and finger drop zone during ethylene-induced ripening. Transcriptome analysis and genome-wide profiling of chromatin accessibility and transcription factor (TF) binding revealed that two key regulators of fruit ripening, Musa acuminata NAC-like, Activated by apetala3/Pistillata1 (MaNAP1) and MaMADS1, regulate CWR genes by directly binding to their promoters or by targeting other ripening-related TFs to form a hierarchical regulatory network. Notably, MaNAP1 and MaMADS1 were directly targeted by ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (MaEIN3), and MaNAP1 and MaMADS1 associated with tissue-specific histone modifications, enabling them to integrate MaEIN3-mediated ethylene signaling and undergo epigenetic regulation. Overexpression of MaNAP1, MaMADS1, or other identified regulatory TFs upregulated CWR genes and promoted peel softening. Our findings unveil a MaNAP1–MaMADS1-centered regulatory cascade governing banana peel softening and finger drop, offering potential targets for enhancing banana texture and shelf life.
Discovery of Neutron-Rich Silicon Isotopes 45,46Si
Authors: Yoshimoto Masahiro , Suzuki Hiroshi , Fukuda Naoki , Takeda Hiroyuki , Shimizu Yohei , Yanagisawa Yoshiyuki , Sato Hiromi , Kusaka Kensuke , Ohtake Masao , Yoshida Koichi , Michimasa Shin’ichiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
New isotopes $^{45,46}$Si, which extend beyond the most neutron-rich Si isotopes confirmed thus far, have been discovered at the RI Beam Factory at the RIKEN Nishina Center. The isotopes were produced by the in-flight fragmentation reactions of $^{70}$Zn at 345 MeV/nucleon on a Be target. All the projectile fragments were analyzed and identified using the large-acceptance two-stage separator BigRIPS. Consequently, six $^{45}$Si events and one $^{46}$Si event were confirmed. The neutron-bound nature of odd-N$^{45}$Si may have a significant impact on the nuclear stability of neutron-rich proton $sd$-shell nuclei at approximately $N=40$.
Effectiveness of an Exercise and Educational-Based Prehabilitation Program in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (PREOptimize) on Functional Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Casanovas-Álvarez Anabel , Estanyol Blanca , Ciendones Magda , Padròs Josep , Cuartero Jordi , Barnadas Agustí , García-Valdecasas Bárbara , González-Colom Rubèn , Sebio-García Raquel , Masià Jaume 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The study objective was to determine the effectiveness of a prehabilitation program to decrease postoperative musculoskeletal impairments in patients who have breast cancer and are receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT).

Methods
Patients who had breast cancer and were receiving NAT before surgery were invited to participate in this randomized controlled trial. Patients randomized to the intervention group participated in a group-based prehabilitation program consisting of Nordic walking, resistance training, and therapeutic education from month 4 of NAT until before surgery. Patients in the control group received usual care (no prehabilitation). The main outcome was arm function measured with the short version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire 1 month after surgery. Other measures included pain, range of motion, functional capacity, cancer-related fatigue, handgrip strength, physical activity, and arm circumferences.

Results
A total of 64 patients were randomized during the study period, and 61 completed all assessments. A significant difference in the main outcome (a short version of the DASH questionnaire) was found before surgery as patients in the control group experienced worsening in arm function (mean difference = −9.84, 95% CI = −17.7 to −2). In addition, they also showed increased symptom frequency/severity according to the combined scale of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30) (mean difference = +6.7 points, 95% CI = 0.1 to 13.4) compared to the intervention group. Prehabilitation also improved functional capacity (mean difference = 67.6 m, 95% CI = 37.4 to 97.7) and physical activity levels and decreased cancer-related fatigue (mean difference = −1.3, 95% CI = −2.4 to −0.29) compared to the control group but had no effect on other secondary outcomes. After surgery, patients receiving prehabilitation also exhibited greater functional capacity at both 1 and 3 months. No other difference was observed.

Conclusion
A prehabilitation program was able to maintain arm function and increase functional capacity while decreasing fatigue in patients with breast cancer receiving NAT.

Impact
Prehabilitation programs should be offered to patients with breast cancer to maintain functionality and enhance physical performance before surgery.

Lay Summary
An exercise program combined with therapeutic education in patients with breast cancer who receive NAT before surgery can improve functional capacity and prevent declines of arm mobility and function.
How can we make ‘research quality’ a theoretical concept?
Authors: Gläser Jochen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Studies on research quality criteria and their application have largely not defined the concept of ‘research quality’. This reluctance to define and theoretically position the concept of research quality consigns empirical research to remain descriptive and makes methodological decisions more difficult. This paper aims to propose a theoretical approach to research quality by presenting a definition, grounding it in social theory, illustrating its applicability and exploring its methodological consequences for empirically investigating notions of research quality held by members of scientific communities.
Association of neuroimaging measures with facial emotional processing in healthy adults: a task fMRI study
Authors: Huang Gantian , Qiu Chen , Liao Meng , Gong Qiyong , Liu Longqian , Jiang Ping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Investigating the neural processing of emotion-related neural circuits underlying emotional facial processing may help in understanding mental disorders. We used two subscales of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) to assess the emotional cognitive of 25 healthy participants. A higher score indicates greater difficulty in emotional perception. In addition, participants completed a n-back task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Psychophysiological interaction analysis was used to explore the functional connectivity (FC) of neural circuits. Next, we used elastic-net regression analysis for feature selection and conducted correlation analysis between the neuroimaging measures and questionnaire scores. Following a 3-fold cross-validation, five neuroimaging measures emerged as significant features. Results of correlation analysis demonstrated that participants with higher TAS scores exhibited increased FC between the amygdala and occipital face area during facial stimulus processing, but decreased connectivity during emotional processing. These findings suggested that individuals with poor emotional recognition exhibited increased connectivity among face-related brain regions during facial processing. However, during emotional processing, decreasing neural synchronization among neural circuits involved in emotional processing affects facial expression processing. These findings suggest potential neural marker related to subjective emotional perception, which may contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of emotional dysregulation in individuals with psychiatric conditions.
Clinician-Reported Negative Symptom Scales: A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties
Authors: Weigel Lucia , Wehr Sophia , Galderisi Silvana , Mucci Armida , Davis John M , Leucht Stefan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are correlated with reduction of normal function and lower quality of life. They were newly defined by the NIMH-MATRICS Consensus in 2005, dividing the rating tools to assess them into first-generation scales, developed before the Consensus, and second-generation scales, based on the recently introduced definitions.

Methods
The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instrument (COSMIN) guidelines for systematic reviews were used to evaluate the quality of psychometric data of the first-generation scales that cover the 5 negative symptom domains of the NIMHS Consensus: the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), the High Royds Evaluation of Negativity Scale (HEN), and the Negative Symptom Assessment-16 (NSA-16).

Results
The search strategy resulted in the inclusion of a total of 13 articles, 7 for the SANS, 4 for the NSA-16, and 2 for the HEN. For the SANS and the NSA-16, the overall results of the scales’ measurement properties are mostly insufficient or indeterminate. The quality of evidence for the HEN is poor, due to a small number of validation studies/included patients.

Conclusions
After applying the COSMIN guidelines, we do not recommend the usage of these first-generation scales to rate negative symptoms. At the minimum they require further validation.
Impact of age on antimicrobial prescriptions in hospitalized children at three academic centres in South Africa: a point prevalence survey
Authors: Pillay Ashendri , Chetty Terusha , Moore David P , Waggie Zainab , Nakwa Firdose L , van Kwawegen Alison , Thomas Reenu , Karsas Maria , Cloete Jeané , Balakrishna Yusentha , Reddy Tarylee , Archary Moherndran , Goga Ameena , Jeena Prakash 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat in children, and the emergence of multi-drug-resistant organisms is of concern. This secondary analysis of an antimicrobial point prevalence survey (PPS) in children evaluates the impact of age on antimicrobial use. The mean antimicrobial prescriptions were assessed in neonates, infants, young children (1–5 years), school-going children (6–12 years), and adolescents (13–15 years) from a cross-sectional PPS at three academic hospitals between September 2021 and January 2022. Primary and secondary diagnoses, antibiotic type (World Health Organization AWaRe and Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classifications), and the incidence of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) were evaluated per age category. Multiple regression models were used to analyse age-related risk factors for HAI. The number of antimicrobials per child (1.7–1.9 per patient) was higher in neonates and infants compared to children 6–12 years old (1.4 per patient). Watch antibiotics, especially carbapenems, were commonly prescribed in neonates (32.5%) and infants (42.2%). Reserve antimicrobial use was notable in neonates (4.7%) and infants (4.1%). The incidence risk ratio (IRR) of HAI was higher in neonates and infants (IRR 2.13; 95% CI 1.23–3.70, IRR 2.20; 95% CI 1.40–3.45, respectively) compared to 6- to 12-year-olds. On multivariate analysis of participants according to age, being HIV infected, length of stay &gt;6 days, high McCabe severity score, having surgery and receipt of blood transfusion were associated with an increased risk of HAI (P &lt; .001 for all) while on univariate analysis only, being premature and/or underweight was associated with an increased risk of HAI in infants (P &lt; .001 for both). Infants with risk factors for HAI significantly influenced antimicrobial prescribing, underscoring the necessity for tailored antimicrobial stewardship and enhanced surveillance. The increased use of Watch antibiotics, particularly carbapenems, in infants warrants closer scrutiny. Further research is required to identify inappropriate antimicrobial use in high-risk hospitalized young children.
Unionization of Graduate Medical Education Trainees: Perspectives From Designated Institutional Officials
Authors: Co John Patrick T. , Katznelson Laurence , Guralnick Susan , Berns Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Labor unions represent an increasing number of graduate medical education (GME) trainees in the United States. Most GME and other leaders at academic medical centers lack familiarity with resident/fellow unions, including what to expect, what decisions need to be made, and the processes involved in a unionization effort. It is important for designated institutional officials (DIOs), GME program directors, teaching faculty, and other institutional leaders to understand the drivers of resident/fellow unionization, the union organizing campaign and election process, and what follows a vote to unionize, including collective bargaining. Careful consideration of the role of educational and other institutional leaders during the unionization process is important to prevent any loss of trust between residents/fellows and those they view as their advocates. In this Commentary, the authors describe these considerations from their perspective as DIOs and GME leaders.
The role of human factors engineering in patient safety
Authors: Fermin Lilibeth , Lobaugh Lauren , Parr K. Gage , Currie Morgan 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
To explore the collaboration between human factors (HFs) experts and clinicians in order to improve perioperative patient safety

Recent findings
Recent recommendations to integrate human factors into anesthesia in the United Kingdom emphasizes the value of applying disciplines outside of medicine to optimize the patient experience.

Summary
Human factors engineering is underutilized worldwide. Patient safety would benefit from collaboration with HF experts to design resilient systems. Healthcare organizations must consider HF to develop and implement user-centered solutions to improve safety for patients and professionals.
Best perioperative practices in the management of obstructive sleep apnea patients undergoing ambulatory surgery
Authors: Pappu Ameya , Singh Mandeep 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
This review is timely due to the increasing prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among patients undergoing ambulatory surgery, necessitating updated perioperative management strategies to improve outcomes and reduce complications.

Recent findings
Recent studies emphasize the importance of risk stratification using tools like STOP-Bang, highlighting the association between high-risk OSA and increased perioperative complications. Intraoperative management strategies, including the preference for regional anesthesia and careful monitoring of neuromuscular blockade, have been shown to mitigate risks. Postoperative protocols, particularly continuous monitoring, are crucial in preventing opioid-induced respiratory depression.

Summary
Effective management of OSA in ambulatory surgery requires a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing preoperative screening, tailored intraoperative techniques, and vigilant postoperative monitoring. Implementing guidelines and protocols can significantly enhance patient safety and outcomes.
Association Between Variables and Transitions Among No Opioid Use, Opioid Use, and Subsequent Dropout Among Participants on Methadone Treatment: A Retrospective Study Utilizing a Multistate Model
Authors: Li Boyu , Wang Chijie , Tang Xijia , Chen Zouxiang , Li Zhiyao , Zhou Wensu , Chen Wen , Ling Li 
Published: October 2024

Background
Although previous studies have reported the variables that influence opioid use or dropout among participants receiving methadone treatment, limited attention has been given to the variables related to transitions among no opioid use, opioid use, and dropout.

Methods
This retrospective study utilized data collected from June 2010 to June 2022 at 11 methadone treatment clinics in Guangdong Province, China. Two transient states (no opioid use and opioid use) and 1 absorbing state (dropout) were defined based on monthly urine morphine test results and daily methadone intake records. We used a multistate model to explore the variables associated with transitions among no opioid use, opioid use, and dropout among participants.

Results
Among 3136 participants, with an average treatment duration of 497 days, 1646 (52.49%) underwent at least 1 period of opioid use, resulting in 3283 transitions from no opioid use to opioid use. The transitions between no opioid use and opioid use were significantly associated with variables such as age, gender, employment status, marital status, living situation, travel time to the clinic, human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infection statuses, average methadone dosage, and attendance rates. The variables influencing participants’ dropout varied depending on their opioid use behaviors. Additionally, the probability of a specified opioid use state remaining unchanged or transitioning to a different state at a defined time point would change over time.

Conclusions
The opioid use behaviors of participants are dynamic. Methadone providers should offer targeted interventions based on participants’ opioid use behaviors to effectively decrease rates of opioid use and improve retention.
Consolidation of the Anteromedial Aspect of the Tibia Is Inferior to the Other Areas in the Reconstruction of Critical-Sized Bone Defect of the Tibial Shaft Using the Induced Membrane Technique: An Analysis of 111 Serial Computed Tomography of 37 Patients
Authors: Son Whee Sung , Lim Eic Ju , Kim Beom-Soo , Choi Wonseok , Cho Jae-Woo , Oh Jong-Keon 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To compare the consolidation quality between the anteromedial aspect of regenerated bone (AMRB) and the other areas of regenerated bone (TORB) following the induced membrane technique (IMT) for managing critical-sized tibial shaft bone defects, and determine the factors affecting consolidation quality in the AMRB.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective comparative study.

Setting:
Academic Level I trauma center.

Patients Selection Criteria:
Included were patients who underwent IMT with only an intramedullary nail for tibial shaft segmental defects and serial computed tomography immediately, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Comparison were made of regenerative bone volume, density, and corticalization between AMRB and TORB.

RESULTS:
This study enrolled 37 patients with a mean age of 47.7 years (range 20−79). Twenty-eight (75.7%) patients were men. Postoperatively, the AMRB exhibited significantly more negative volumetric change than TORB at 0–1 year (−20.01% ± 25.59% vs. −13.32% ± 22.48%, P = 0.028), less positive density change 0–6 months (+197.84 ± 107.95 vs. +290.14 ± 131.74 Hounsfield unit (HU), P < 0.001) and 0–1 year (+377.51 ± 150.71 HU vs. +455.48 ± 135.04 HU, P < 0.001), and lower corticalization rate in 1 year (49.77% ± 29.42% vs. 82.27 ± 19.73%, P < 0.001). Significant factors included fracture-related infection (FRI) (P = 0.047 and P = 0.048 at 0–6 months and 0–1 year, respectively) and longer defect length (P = 0.032 and P = 0.020) for the negative volumetric AMRB changes; older age (P = 0.004 and P = 0.016) for the AMRB negative density changes; higher percentage of mixed recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in graft material (P = 0.013 in 0–6 months) for the AMRB positive density change; FRI (P = 0.024) for the inferior corticalization rate of the AMRB; FRI (P = 0.026 in 0–1 year), longer defect length (P = 0.017 in 0–6 months), and higher mixed demineralized bone matrix percentage (P = 0.010 in 0–1 year) for the difference in density change between the AMRB and TORB; higher mixed demineralized bone matrix percentage (P = 0.023) for the difference between the AMRB and TORB in corticalization rates.

CONCLUSIONS:
The tibial shaft's anteromedial aspects demonstrated significantly inferior consolidation after IMT, especially in terms of volume at 6 months, density at 6 months and 1 year, and corticalization at 1 year postoperatively.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin prolonged the survival of a porcine kidney xenograft in a sensitized, deceased human recipient
Authors: Ma Shuaijun , Qi Ruochen , Han Shichao , Li Zhengxuan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Guohui , Liu Kepu , Xu Tong , Zhang Yang , Han Donghui , Zhang Jingliang , Wei Di , Fan Xiaozheng , Pan Dengke , Jia Yanyan , Li Jing , Wang Zhe , Zhang Xuan , Yang Zhaoxu , Tao Kaishan , Yang Xiaojian , Dou Kefeng , Qin Weijun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
The primary limitation to kidney transplantation is organ shortage. Recent progress in gene editing and immunosuppressive regimens has made xenotransplantation with porcine organs a possibility. However, evidence in pig-to-human xenotransplantation remains scarce, and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a major obstacle to clinical applications of xenotransplantation.

Methods:
We conducted a kidney xenotransplantation in a deceased human recipient using a porcine kidney with five gene edits (5GE) on March 25th, 2024 at Xijing Hospital, China. Clinical-grade immunosuppressive regimens were employed, and the observation period lasted 22 days. We collected and analyzed the xenograft function, ultrasound findings, sequential protocol biopsies, and immune surveillance of the recipient during the observation.

Results:
The combination of 5GE in the porcine kidney and clinical-grade immunosuppressive regimens prevented hyperacute rejection. The xenograft kidney underwent delayed graft function in the first week, but urine output increased later and the single xenograft kidney maintained electrolyte and pH homeostasis from postoperative day (POD) 12 to 19. We observed AMR at 24 h post-transplantation, due to the presence of pre-existing anti-porcine antibodies and cytotoxicity before transplantation; this AMR persisted throughout the observation period. Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment mitigated the AMR. We observed activation of latent porcine cytomegalovirus toward the end of the study, which might have contributed to coagulation disorder in the recipient.

Conclusions:
5GE and clinical-grade immunosuppressive regimens were sufficient to prevent hyperacute rejection during pig-to-human kidney xenotransplantation. Pre-existing anti-porcine antibodies predisposed the xenograft to AMR. Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin were safe and effective in the treatment of AMR after kidney xenotransplantation.