bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bile acid receptor TGR5, NADPH Oxidase NOX5-S and CREB Mediate Bile Acid-Induced DNA Damage In Barrett’s Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Li Dan , Cao Weibiao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe mechanisms whereby bile acid reflux may accelerate the progression from Barrett’s esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) are not fully understood. In this study we found that bile acid taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) significantly increased the tail moment (TM) and histone H2AX phosphorylation in FLO-1 EA cells, an increase which was significantly decreased by knockdown of TGR5. Overexpression of TGR5 significantly increased TDCA-induced TM increase and H2AX phosphorylation. In addition, NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium significantly inhibited the TDCA-induced increase in TM and H2AX phosphorylation. TDCA-induced increase in TM and H2AX phosphorylation was significantly decreased by knockdown of NOX5-S and overexpression of NOX5-S significantly increased TDCA-induced increase in the tail moment and H2AX phosphorylation. Furthermore, TDCA significantly increased cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in FLO-1 cells. Knockdown of CREB significantly decreased TDCA-induced increase in NOX5-S mRNA and the tail moment. Conversely, overexpression of CREB significantly increased TDCA-induced TM increase. We conclude that TDCA-induced DNA damage may depend on the activation of TGR5, CREB and NOX5-S. It is possible that in Barrett’s patients bile acids may activate NOX5-S and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via activation of TGR5 and CREB. NOX5-S-derived ROS may cause DNA damage, thereby contributing to the progression from BE to EA.
Physiological and pathophysiological functions of Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 in the nervous system
Authors: Mielenz Dirk , Gunn-Moore Frank 
Published: August 2016

Synaptic dysfunction and dysregulation of Ca2+ are linked to neurodegenerative processes and behavioural disorders. Our understanding of the causes and factors involved in behavioural disorders and neurodegeneration, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), a tau-related disease, is on the one hand limited and on the other hand controversial. Here, we review recent data about the links between the Ca2+-binding EF-hand-containing cytoskeletal protein Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 and neurodegeneration. Specifically, we summarize the functional biochemical data obtained in vitro with the use of recombinant EFhd2 protein, and integrated them with in vivo data in order to interpret the emerging role of EFhd2 in synaptic plasticity and in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly involving the tauopathies. We also discuss its functions in actin remodelling through cofilin and small GTPases, thereby linking EFhd2, synapses and the actin cytoskeleton. Expression data and functional experiments in mice and in humans have led to the hypothesis that down-regulation of EFhd2, especially in the cortex, is involved in dementia.
Adipose-specific inactivation of JNK alleviates atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice
Authors: Kwok Kelvin H.M. , Cheng Kenneth K.Y. , Hoo Ruby L.C. , Ye Dewei , Xu Aimin , Lam Karen S.L. 
Published: August 2016

Both atherosclerosis and obesity, an independent atherosclerotic risk factor, are associated with enhanced systemic inflammation. Obesity is also characterized by increased adipose tissue inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the accelerated atherosclerosis in obesity remains unclear. In obesity, activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) contributes to adipose tissue inflammation. The present study investigated whether the suppression of fat inflammation through adipose-specific JNK inactivation could protect against atherosclerosis in mice. ApoE−/− mice were cross-bred with transgenic mice with adipose-specific expression of a dominant negative form of JNK (dnJNK) to generate apoE−/−/dnJNK (ADJ) mice. ADJ mice treated with a high-fat–high-cholesterol diet exhibited significant attenuations of visceral fat and systemic inflammation without changes in lipid or glucose metabolism, and were protected against atherosclerosis, when compared with apoE−/− mice. Lean apoE−/− mice that received transplantation of visceral fat from obese wild-type donor mice for 4 weeks showed exacerbated systemic inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Conversely, apoE−/− recipients carrying a visceral fat graft from obese dnJNK donors were protected against enhanced systemic inflammation and atherogenesis. The beneficial effects of adipose-specific JNK inactivation on atherogenesis in apoE−/− recipients were significantly compromised by continuous infusion of recombinant adipocyte–fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), previously shown to interact with JNK via a positive feedback loop to modulate inflammatory responses. Together these data suggested that enhanced atherosclerosis in obesity can be attributed, at least in part, to a distant cross-talk between visceral fat and the vasculature, mediated by the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as A-FABP, from the inflamed visceral adipose tissue with JNK activation.
Spontaneous eyelid closures link vigilance fluctuation with fMRI dynamic connectivity states
Authors: Wang Chenhao , Ong Ju Lynn , Patanaik Amiya , Zhou Juan , Chee Michael W. L. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Functionally connected brain networks exhibit recurring connectivity fluctuations. Although such dynamic connectivity states (DCS) can be expected to have behavioral correlates, linking fluctuating connectivity with behavioral state is hampered by the use of mental probes that themselves perturb observed behavior. Using the degree of eyelid closure as a proxy for vigilance state, we were able to continuously assay behavior and constrain the myriad of possible DCS to two relevant states denoting arousal in sleep-deprived persons. Intriguingly, these two DCS had counterparts in task-based data that predicted interindividual differences in the frequency of behavioral lapsing and intraindividual fluctuations in response speed. The replication of these findings in an independent dataset should encourage further investigations into the network dynamics of mental states.
Scaling ansatz for the jamming transition
Authors: Goodrich Carl P. , Liu Andrea J. , Sethna James P. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Central to the theory of phase transitions is the fact that the free energy can be written in a scale-invariant form that captures scaling exponent relations. Our work shows that, for the jamming transition, the elastic energy is the relevant free energy and can be expressed in a scale-invariant form consistent with known exponent relations. This result places jamming in the context of the theory of critical phenomena, suggesting the potential for a theoretical description of jamming on par with that of Ising criticality. It also provides powerful support for the idea that the observed commonality in the mechanical and thermal responses of disordered solids can be understood as a manifestation of universality associated with the critical jamming transition.
Recent Incarceration and Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment Outcomes among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Patients
Authors: Riggins Daniel P. , Cunningham Chinazo O. , Ning Yuming , Fox Aaron D. 
Published: August 2016

Background Opioid use disorder is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT) is an effective means of therapy, but patients with recent criminal justice involvement may need more support during BMT than other patients. The authors hypothesized that recently incarcerated BMT patients who initiated treatment in primary care would have poorer treatment outcomes than those who were not recently incarcerated. Methods Investigators analyzed data from a multisite cohort study of BMT integrated into HIV care. Patients were stratified by self-reported incarceration in the 30 days before initiation of BMT. The outcomes of interest were 6- and 12-month treatment retention and self-reported opioid use. Investigators used multivariable logistic regression and hierarchical linear model, respectively, to evaluate the association between recent incarceration and these outcomes while adjusting for potential confounding variables. Results Among 305 BMT patients living with HIV/AIDS, 39 (13%) reported recent incarceration. Patients with recent incarceration (vs. without) were more likely to be homeless, unemployed, and previously diagnosed with mental illness. Recent incarceration was not significantly associated with differences in 6-month (odds ratio [OR] = 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46–1.98) and 12-month (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.27–1.18) treatment retention or in self-reported opioid use (OR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.51–1.92) after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Conclusions Those with incarceration in the 30 days prior to BMT initiation were more likely to be homeless, unemployed, and previously diagnosed with mental illness than those without recent incarceration. However, no significant difference in self-reported opioid use or 6-month or 12-month retention in treatment was detected between those with and without recent incarceration. Future studies should confirm these findings with larger sample sizes. Encouraging formerly incarcerated individuals with opioid use disorder to initiate evidence-based treatments, including BMT, should be part of efforts to confront the opioid addiction epidemic in the United States.
Oxide segregation and melting behavior of transient heat load exposed beryllium
Authors: Spilker B. , Linke J. , Pintsuk G. , Wirtz M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In the experimental fusion reactor ITER, beryllium will be applied as first wall armor material. However, the ITER-like wall project at JET already experienced that the relatively low melting temperature of beryllium can easily be exceeded during plasma operation. Therefore, a detailed study was carried out on S-65 beryllium under various transient, ITER-relevant heat loads that were simulated in the electron beam facility JUDITH 1. Hereby, the absorbed power densities were in the range of 0.15–1.0 GW m−2 in combination with pulse durations of 1–10 ms and pulse numbers of 1–1000.
In metallographic cross sections, the emergence of a transition region in a depth of ~70–120 µm was revealed. This transition region was characterized by a strong segregation of oxygen at the grain boundaries, determined with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy element mappings. The oxide segregation strongly depended on the maximum temperature reached at the end of the transient heat pulse in combination with the pulse duration. A threshold for this process was found at 936 °C for a pulse duration of 10 ms. Further transient heat pulses applied to specimens that had already formed this transition region resulted in the overheating and melting of the material. The latter occurred between the surface and the transition region and was associated with a strong decrease of the thermal conductivity due to the weakly bound grains across the transition region. Additionally, the transition region caused a partial separation of the melt layer from the bulk material, which could ultimately result in a full detachment of the solidified beryllium layers from the bulk armor. Furthermore, solidified beryllium filaments evolved in several locations of the loaded area and are related to the thermally induced crack formation. However, these filaments are not expected to account for an increase of the beryllium net erosion.
Poloidal rotation driven by nonlinear momentum transport in strong electrostatic turbulence
Authors: Wang Lu , Wen Tiliang , Diamond P.H. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Virtually, all existing theoretical works on turbulent poloidal momentum transport are based on quasilinear theory. Nonlinear poloidal momentum flux—

〈

v
∼

r

n
∼

v
∼

θ

〉

is universally neglected. However, in the strong turbulence regime where relative fluctuation amplitude is no longer small, quasilinear theory is invalid. This is true at the all-important plasma edge. In this work, nonlinear poloidal momentum flux

〈

v
∼

r

n
∼

v
∼

θ

〉

in strong electrostatic turbulence is calculated using the Hasegawa–Mima equation, and is compared with quasilinear poloidal Reynolds stress. A novel property is that symmetry breaking in fluctuation spectrum is not necessary for a nonlinear poloidal momentum flux. This is fundamentally different from the quasilinear Reynold stress. Furthermore, the comparison implies that the poloidal rotation drive from the radial gradient of nonlinear momentum flux is comparable to that from the quasilinear Reynolds force. Nonlinear poloidal momentum transport in strong electrostatic turbulence is thus not negligible for poloidal rotation drive, and so may be significant to transport barrier formation.
On the search for the chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals: the negative longitudinal magnetoresistance
Authors: Reis R D dos , Ajeesh M O , Kumar N , Arnold F , Shekhar C , Naumann M , Schmidt M , Nicklas M , Hassinger E 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Recently, the existence of massless chiral (Weyl) fermions has been postulated in a class of semi-metals with a non-trivial energy dispersion. These materials are now commonly dubbed Weyl semi-metals (WSM). One predicted property of Weyl fermions is the chiral or Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly, a chirality imbalance in the presence of parallel magnetic and electric fields. In WSM, it is expected to induce a negative longitudinal magnetoresistance (MR). Here, we present experimental evidence that the observation of the chiral anomaly can be hindered by an effect called ‘current jetting’. This effect also leads to a strong apparent negative longitudinal MR, but it is characterized by a highly non-uniform current distribution inside the sample. It appears in materials possessing a large field-induced anisotropy of the resistivity tensor, such as almost compensated high-mobility semimetals due to the orbital effect. In case of a non-homogeneous current injection, the potential distribution is strongly distorted in the sample. As a consequence, an experimentally measured potential difference is not proportional to the intrinsic resistance. Our results on the MR of the Weyl semimetal candidate materials NbP, NbAs, TaAs, and TaP exhibit distinct signatures of an inhomogeneous current distribution, such as a field-induced ‘zero resistance’ and a strong dependence of the ‘measured resistance’ on the position, shape, and type of the voltage and current contacts on the sample. A misalignment between the current and the magnetic-field directions can even induce a ‘negative resistance’. Finite-element simulations of the potential distribution inside the sample, using typical resistance anisotropies, are in good agreement with the experimental findings. Our study demonstrates that great care must be taken before interpreting measurements of a negative longitudinal MR as evidence for the chiral anomaly in putative Weyl semimetals.
Invasive Aspergillosis Associated With Severe Influenza Infections
Authors: Crum-Cianflone Nancy F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground.  Invasive aspergillosis may occur in the setting of severe influenza infections due to viral-induced respiratory epithelium disruption and impaired immune effects, but data are limited.Methods.  A retrospective study was conducted among severe influenza cases requiring medical intensive care unit (ICU) admission at an academic center during the 2015–2016 season. Data collected included respiratory cultures, medical conditions and immunosuppressants, laboratory and radiographic data, and outcomes. A systematic literature review of published cases in the English language of aspergillosis complicating influenza was conducted.Results.  Six (75%) of 8 ICU influenza cases had Aspergillus isolated; 5 were classified as invasive disease. No ICU patient testing negative for influenza infection developed aspergillosis during the study period. Among cases with invasive aspergillosis, influenza infection was type A (H1N1) (n = 2) and influenza B (n = 3). Published and current cases yielded n = 57 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group criteria: 37% proven, 25% probable, and 39% possible cases). An increasing number of cases were reported since 2010. Sixty-five percent of cases lacked classic underlying conditions at admission for aspergillosis, 86% had lymphopenia, and 46% died.Conclusions.  Aspergillosis may occur in the setting of severe influenza infections even among immunocompetent hosts. Risks may include influenza A (H1N1) or B infections and viral-induced lymphopenia, although further studies are needed. Prompt diagnosis and antifungal therapy are recommended given high mortality rates.
Parallax of a Mira variable R Ursae Majoris studied with astrometric VLBI
Authors: Nakagawa Akiharu , Kurayama Tomoharu , Matsui Makoto , Omodaka Toshihiro , Honma Mareki , Shibata Katsunori M. , Sato Katsuhisa , Jike Takaaki 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We have measured an annual parallax of the Mira variable R Ursae Majoris (R UMa) with the VLBI Exploration for Radio Astronomy (VERA). From the monitoring VLBI observations over a span of about two years, we detected H2O maser spots in the LSR velocity range from 37 to 42 km s−1. We derived an annual parallax of 1.97 ± 0.05 mas, and this gives a corresponding distance of 508 ± 13 pc. The VLBI maps revealed 72 maser spots distributed in an ∼110 au area around the expected stellar position. Circumstellar kinematics of the maser spots were also revealed by subtracting a systemic motion in the Hipparcos catalog from proper motions of each maser spot derived from our VLBI observations. Infrared photometry was also conducted to measure a K-band apparent magnitude, and we obtained a mean magnitude of mK = 1.19 ± 0.02 mag. Using the trigonometric distance, mK is converted to a K-band absolute magnitude of MK = −7.34 ± 0.06 mag. This result gives a much more accurate absolute magnitude for R UMa than previously provided. We solved a zero-point of the MK–log P relation for the Galactic Mira variables and obtained a relation of MK = −3.52 log P + (1.09  ±  0.14). Other long-period variables, including red supergiants, whose distances were determined with astrometric VLBI, were also compiled to explore the different sequences of the MK–log P relation.
Self-reported Chronic Pain in Young Adults With a Low Birth Weight
Authors: Iversen Johanne M. , Indredavik Marit S. , Evensen Kari A.I. , Romundstad Pål R. , Rygg Marite 
Published: August 2016

Objective:
To investigate self-reported pain in young adults with a low birth weight.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a part of a long-term follow-up study of preterm very low birth weight (VLBW; birth weight ≤1500 g), term small for gestational age (SGA; birth weight <10th percentile adjusted for sex and parity), and control young adults born during 1986 to 1988. Of the 300 individuals invited, 216 (62 VLBW, 67 term SGA, and 87 controls) completed a pain questionnaire. Of these, 151 (70%) had answered a pain severity question at 19 years. Chronic pain was defined as pain lasting for >6 months and being moderate, severe, or very severe during the past 4 weeks.

Results:
The prevalence of chronic pain at 26 years was 16% in the VLBW group, 21% in the term SGA group, and 7% in the control group. The VLBW and the term SGA groups had higher odds ratios for chronic pain (crude OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 0.9-7.6 for the VLBW group and crude OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3-9.9 for the term SGA group vs. controls). The main results remained after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Some attenuation was observed when adjusting for anxiety and depressive problems. Moderate to very severe pain increased from 16% to 41% in the term SGA group from 19 to 26 years, whereas less changes were seen in the VLBW and the control groups.

Discussion:
Results of our study imply that pain should be in focus when conducting long-term follow-up programs of individuals with a low birth weight.
Pain and Function in Home Care
Authors: Murtaugh Christopher M. , Beissner Katherine L. , Barrón Yolanda , Trachtenberg Melissa A. , Bach Eileen , Henderson Charles R. , Sridharan Sridevi , Reid Manny C. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives:
To describe racial/ethnic group differences in pain presentation and the prevalence of psychosocial factors among patients admitted to home health care, and to determine the extent of racial/ethnic group differences in the association of psychosocial factors with pain intensity and pain-related disability.

Methods:
We analyzed cross-sectional data on 588 patients with activity-limiting pain admitted to home care for physical therapy. Three psychosocial factors were assessed: depressive symptoms, pain self-efficacy, and health literacy. Statistical methods included estimation of general linear models of pain intensity and pain-related disability.

Results:
Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks report a greater number of pain sites, worse pain intensity, and higher levels of pain-related disability than non-Hispanic whites and others. Racial/ethnic minority group patients also have a higher prevalence of adverse psychosocial factors than others, with evidence that race/ethnicity interacts with pain self-efficacy and depressive symptoms in their association with mean pain intensity and pain-related disability, respectively.

Discussion:
The substantial racial/ethnic difference in the psychosocial profiles of older adults with activity-limiting pain highlights the importance of screening for these modifiable risk factors and tailoring interventions accordingly. Direct attention to the psychosocial needs of patients could help to address racial/ethnic disparities in pain outcomes.
Exercise-induced Hypoalgesia in People With Knee Osteoarthritis With Normal and Abnormal Conditioned Pain Modulation
Authors: Fingleton Caitríona , Smart Keith M. , Doody Catherine M. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives:
Normal efficiency of exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) has been demonstrated in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA), while recent evidence suggests that EIH may be associated with features of pain sensitization such as abnormal conditioned pain modulation (CPM). The aim of this study was to investigate whether people with knee OA with abnormal CPM have dysfunctional EIH compared with those with normal CPM and pain-free controls.

Methods:
Forty peoples with knee OA were subdivided into groups with abnormal and normal CPM, as determined by a decrease/increase in pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) following the cold pressor test. Abnormal CPM (n=19), normal CPM (n=21), and control participants (n=20) underwent PPT testing before, during, and after aerobic and isometric exercise protocols. Between-group differences were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and within-group differences were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

Results:
Significant differences were demonstrated between groups for changes in PPTs postaerobic (F
2,55=4.860; P=0.011) and isometric (F
2,57=4.727; P=0.013) exercise, with significant decreases in PPTs demonstrated during and postexercise in the abnormal CPM group (P<0.05), and significant increases in PPTs shown during and postexercise in the normal CPM and control groups (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Results are suggestive of dysfunctional EIH in response to aerobic and isometric exercise in knee OA patients with abnormal CPM, and normal function of EIH in knee OA patients with an efficient CPM response. Identification of people with knee OA with inefficient endogenous pain modulation may allow for a more individualized and graded approach to exercises in these individuals.