bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporomandibular disorders and dental occlusion. A systematic review of association studies: end of an era?
Authors: Manfredini D. , Lombardo L. , Siciliani G. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryTo answer a clinical research question: ‘is there any association between features of dental occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?’ A systematic literature review was performed. Inclusion was based on: (i) the type of study, viz., clinical studies on adults assessing the association between TMD (e.g., signs, symptoms, specific diagnoses) and features of dental occlusion by means of single or multiple variable analysis, and (ii) their internal validity, viz., use of clinical assessment approaches to TMD diagnosis. The search accounted for 25 papers included in the review, 10 of which with multiple variable analysis. Quality assessment showed some possible shortcomings, mainly related with the unspecified representativeness of study populations. Seventeen (N = 17) articles compared TMD patients with non‐TMD individuals, whilst eight papers compared the features of dental occlusion in individuals with TMD signs/symptoms and healthy subjects in non‐patient populations. Findings are quite consistent towards a lack of clinically relevant association between TMD and dental occlusion. Only two (i.e., centric relation [CR]‐maximum intercuspation [MI] slide and mediotrusive interferences) of the almost forty occlusion features evaluated in the various studies were associated with TMD in the majority (e.g., at least 50%) of single variable analyses in patient populations. Only mediotrusive interferences are associated with TMD in the majority of multiple variable analyses. Such association does not imply a causal relationship and may even have opposite implications than commonly believed (i.e., interferences being the result, and not the cause, of TMD). Findings support the absence of a disease‐specific association. Based on that, there seems to lack ground to further hypothesise a role for dental occlusion in the pathophysiology of TMD. Clinicians are encouraged to abandon the old gnathological paradigm in TMD practice.
Neutral zone or conventional mandibular complete dentures: a randomised crossover trial comparing oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Geerts G. A. V. M. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThere is widespread consensus that the neutral zone (NZ) concept contributes to improved stability for mandibular complete dentures (CDs). However, little is known about its impact on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of edentulous patients compared to conventionally (CV) manufactured dentures. In this prospective crossover trial, performed at the Oral Health Centre of the University of the Western Cape, CV and NZ mandibular dentures were made for each patient. Scores from the 20‐item oral health impact profile (OHIP‐20) for both types of dentures were compared with pre‐treatment scores using paired t‐tests. Treatment effect size (ES) was established. Associations of OHIP‐20 scores and several patient variables (age, gender, period of edentulousness, quality of the denture‐bearing tissue, denture dimensions, preference) were performed using the generalised linear model. Significance was set at P = 0·05. Records of thirty‐five participants were included in the study (mean age of 62·3 years, range 47–85 years). There were highly significant differences between pre‐treatment and both post‐treatment OHIP‐20 scores with t = 6·470 for CV and t = 6·713 for NZ. Treatment ES was large for both types of dentures (>0·8). Difference of ES between NZ and CV dentures was small (ES < 0·2). None of the patient variables showed significant associations with OHIP‐20 scores of the two types of dentures, except for preference and NZ OHIP‐20 scores. For this group of patients, both treatment methods improved OHRQoL significantly and patient‐related factors did not influence impact on OHRQoL differently for both interventions.
Exploring approaches for classifying ornamental garden plant purchasers
Authors: Grygorczyk Alexandra , Jenkins Amy , Bowen Amy J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInvolvement scales have been widely used to measure the extent to which a product is associated with an individual's self‐concept, and the hedonic pleasure evoked by the activity or product. A number of studies have linked involvement with higher overall spending on a product. This study aimed to determine whether gardening involvement predicted increased garden plant purchasing behavior in Canada and to understand the implications of high gardening involvement by comparison with other measures, both subjective (self‐assessed expertise) and objective (hours spent gardening, objective gardening knowledge). Gardening involvement did not predict purchasing behavior nor did self‐assessed gardening expertise. However, objective measures (hours spent gardening and objective gardening knowledge) were found to predict plant purchasing. It is suggested that the involvement scale be used in combination with objective measures to distinguish between consumers with high product interest but low present use and those with high interest and high product use.Practical applicationsAlthough involvement was not found to predict garden plant‐purchasing behavior, by measuring involvement it is possible to identify individuals who have a high level of interest in a product or activity. In doing so, involvement helps to identify all potential users, some of whom may not be captured with questions around current product purchasing behavior. These users can be subdivided with objective measures according to those that are presently high product users and those that are low product users. Low product users with high involvement may require an additional incentive to engage with the product/activity due to barriers such as lack of knowledge or time. By combining the involvement scale with product usage information, it is possible to identify two sub‐groups of high product involvement individuals who can be targeted with customized advertising or versions of a product in order to attract a broader audience.
Neonatal surgery in a developing country: Outcome of co‐ordinated interdisciplinary collaboration
Authors: Ekenze Sebastian O , Modekwe Victor O , Ajuzieogu Obinna V , Asinobi Isaac O , Sanusi Jubril 
Published: June 2017

AimNeonatal surgery in low‐income and middle‐income countries has a poorer outcome when compared with high‐income countries. This study evaluated the management challenges and outcomes of neonatal surgery before and after the introduction of focused interdisciplinary team management in 2013.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed neonatal surgery undertaken at two referral hospitals in Enugu, south‐eastern Nigeria from January 2011 to November 2015. Cases managed prior to July 2013 (group A) were compared with those managed from July 2013 (group B).ResultsThere were 91 cases (group A, 47; group B, 44). The common neonatal conditions were oesophageal atresia (21), anorectal malformation (18) and intestinal atresia (18). The surgical conditions, birthweight, age at presentation and associated anomalies did not differ in the two groups. The treatment was also similar except in oesophageal atresia, where cardiac banding was added to the temporary gastrostomy in late presenting cases with undernutrition in group B. Postoperative complications occurred in 43 (47.3%) cases (group A, 55.3%; group B, 38.6%; P > 0.05), and the overall mortality was 33 (35.3%: group A, 48.9%; group B, 22.7%: P < 0.05). Causes of mortality were unremitting sepsis (group A, 11; group B, 5), anaesthesia complications (group A, 5; group B, 0) and respiratory complication (group A, 7; group B, 5). Delayed presentation, inadequate facilities and defective health insurance scheme were challenges in the two groups.ConclusionDespite the persisting challenges, co‐ordinated team management may result in the modest improvement of outcomes of neonatal surgery in our setting. Addressing these challenges may further improve outcomes.
Differences in parasitism of Meloidogyne incognita and two genotypes of M. arenaria on Solanum torvum in Japan
Authors: Uehara Taketo , Tateishi Yasushi , Kadota Yasuhiro , Iwahori Hideaki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTwo genotypes of root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria (A2‐O and A2‐J), are found in Japan. They were distinguished from each other based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. The primer set (C2F3/1108) amplified a 1.7‐kb fragment from A2‐J, whereas a 1.1‐kb fragment was amplified from A2‐O. M. arenaria (A2‐O) was detected in local regions of southern Japan, whereas M. arenaria (A2‐J) was widespread from the Kyushu region to the Tohoku region. The distribution of M. arenaria (A2‐J) overlaps with the cultivation area of eggplant. Solanum torvum is used worldwide as a rootstock for eggplant cultivation, and it is resistant to Meloidogyne spp. In particular, it is reported that S. torvum is resistant to M. arenaria outside Japan. In this study, we inoculated S. torvum rootstock cultivars with M. arenaria (A2‐J), M. arenaria (A2‐O) and Meloidogyne incognita populations. Although M. incognita and M. arenaria (A2‐O) produced only a few egg masses on S. torvum, thereby confirming its resistance, the four geographical populations of M. arenaria (A2‐J) produced large numbers of egg masses on S. torvum. This study confirmed that S. torvum is resistant to M. incognita and M. arenaria (A2‐O) populations, but susceptible to populations of M. arenaria (A2‐J) in the eggplant production area of Japan.
A scoping review of epidemiologic risk factors for pediatric obesity: Implications for future childhood obesity and dental caries prevention research
Authors: Chi Donald L. , Luu Monique , Chu Frances 
Published: June 2017

AbstractResearch QuestionsWhat are the non‐modifiable (socioeconomic, genetic) and modifiable factors (physical activity, dietary behaviors) related to childhood (under age 12) obesity? How can this knowledge be applied to oral health professionals' efforts to prevent or manage dental caries in children?ObjectivesStudies have identified risk factors for childhood obesity. The purpose of this scoping review was to develop a conceptual model to identify non‐modifiable and modifiable risk factors for childhood obesity and to illustrate how these findings are relevant in developing interventions aimed at preventing obesity and dental caries in children.MethodsThe authors searched PubMed and Embase and limited the study to English‐language publications. A total of 2,572 studies were identified. After de‐duplication, 2,479 studies remained and were downloaded into a citation‐management tool. Two authors screened the titles and abstracts for relevance. Two hundred and sixty studies remained and were retrieved for a full‐text review, and 80 studies were excluded, resulting in 180 studies included in the scoping review. An inductive content analytic methods was used to organize all statistically significant obesity risk factors into seven domains, which were classified as non‐modifiable or modifiable; then a conceptual model of common risk factors associated with childhood obesity and dental caries was developed.ResultsNon‐modifiable obesity risk factors include biological and developmental (e.g., genes, developmental conditions, puberty), sociodemographic and household (e.g., race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, parent education, unemployment), cultural (e.g., degree of acculturation), and community (e.g., neighborhood composition). Modifiable risk factors included behavioral (e.g., diet, physical activity, weight), psychosocial (e.g., maternal stress, family functioning, parenting practices, child temperament), and medical (e.g., parent smoking, maternal health, child health).ConclusionsIdentifying common risk factors has important implications for future oral health research aimed at preventing childhood obesity and dental caries. Epidemiologic knowledge gleaned from the literature can be used to develop rigorous interventions and programs aimed at preventing these highly prevalent diseases and improving health outcomes for children.
Adaptive evolution of coagulation and blood properties in hypoxia tolerantSpalaxin Israel
Authors: Danial‐Farran N. , Nasser N. J. , Beiles A. , Brenner B. , Sarig G. , Nevo E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe subterranean blind mole rat (Spalax) is adapted to underground life stresses genomically, proteomically, and phenomically. It has been studied multidisciplinarily as an evolutionary model, and a potential medical therapy resource. The four parapatric species in Israel, are climatically adapted. Here, we examine coagulation, and blood properties of one population in each of the fourspecies. Our results show thatSpalax galilipossesses the shortest average bleeding time compared to the otherSpalaxspecies (P < 0.04). Likewise,Spalax galilipossesses the shortest average activated partial thromboplastin time. Prothrombin time is 16.34 ± 4.25, 23.3 ± 8.99, 15.71 ± 4.24, and 17.37 ± 6.02 s inSpalax galili,Spalax golani,Spalax carmeliandSpalax judaei, respectively, with significant differences betweenSpalax galiliandSpalax golani, and betweenSpalax golaniandSpalax carmelipopulations (P < 0.05). Blood hemoglobin is higher inSpalax galiliandSpalax golanicompared toSpalax carmeliandSpalax judaeipopulations. Bleeding time, coagulation profiles, and blood properties differ partly between the examined populations. These differences appear adaptive, associated with climatic variation, population density, and the risk of injury during digging, fighting and preying. The population under the highest injury risk displayed the shortest bleeding time.
Higher maternal vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer leukocyte telomeres in newborns
Authors: Kim Jung‐Ha , Kim Gwang Jun , Lee Donghee , Ko Jae‐Hong , Lim Inja , Bang Hyoweon , Koes Bart W. , Seong Byeongchan , Lee Duk‐Chul 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGestational vitamin D insufficiency is related with increased risks of various diseases and poor health outcomes later in life. Telomere length at birth or early in life is known to be a predictor of individual health. Both vitamin D and telomere length are related with various health conditions, and vitamin D concentrations are associated with leukocyte telomere lengths in women. We investigated the association between maternal vitamin D concentrations and newborn leukocyte telomere lengths. This cross‐sectional study included 106 healthy pregnant women without adverse obstetric outcomes and their offspring. We examined the maternal age, weight before pregnancy, health behaviours, and nutritional intakes, along with each newborn's sex and birthweight, and we measured maternal height, telomere length, total white blood cell count, and glycosylated haemoglobin as covariates. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the relationship between the baseline variables and newborn leukocyte telomere lengths. To confirm that there was an independent association between newborn leukocyte telomere lengths and maternal vitamin D concentrations, we performed a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Newborn leukocyte telomere lengths correlated positively with maternal leukocyte telomere lengths (r = .76,p < .01), maternal 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (r = .72,p < .01), maternal energy intakes (r = .22,p = .03), and newborn body weights (r = .51,p < .01). In the multivariate model, newborn leukocyte telomere lengths were associated with maternal vitamin D concentrations (β = .33,p < .01). These findings suggest that the maternal vitamin D concentration during pregnancy may be a significant determinant of the offspring's telomere length.
Rosa rugosa flavonoids alleviate myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in mice by suppressing JNK and p38 MAPK
Authors: Zhang Xuehui , Wang Yuhui , Shen Wanli , Ma Shangzhi , Chen Wen , Qi Rong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveAlthough Rosa rugosa has been applied for preventing coronary artery disease, the pharmacological mechanism is little explored. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of Rosa rugosa flavonoids (RRF) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) were investigated.MethodsMice were pretreated by intragastric administration of 600 mg/kg RRF for 7 days. Then MIRI was induced by 45 minutes coronary artery ligation and 3 hours reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size (MIS) and histopathology, activities of myocardial enzymes, and effects of RRF on inflammation and apoptosis were evaluated.ResultsPretreating the mice with RRF significantly reduced MIS and inhibited activity of plasma myocardial enzymes. Activity of the enzymes associated with anti‐oxidation, SOD, and TEAC, and mRNA expression of NOX2 were significantly elevated. RRF pretreatment significantly decreased the translocation of p65 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and reduced the expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, IL‐6 and IL‐1β. RRF pretreatment also significantly prevented the expression of caspase‐3 and Bax, and increased the expression of Bcl‐2. And RRF inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK.ConclusionsRRF significantly inhibited MIRI through anti‐oxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptosis effects, and mechanisms were associated with its inhibition on phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK.
Migratory preferences of humpback whales between feeding and breeding grounds in the eastern South Pacific
Authors: Acevedo Jorge , Aguayo‐Lobo Anelio , Allen Judith , Botero‐Acosta Natalia , Capella Juan , Castro Cristina , Rosa Luciano Dalla , Denkinger Judith , Félix Fernando , Flórez‐González Lilian , Garita Frank , Guzmán Héctor M. , Haase Ben , Kaufman Gregory , Llano Martha , Olavarría Carlos , Pacheco Aldo S. , Plana Jordi , Rasmussen Kristin , Scheidat Meike , Secchi Eduardo R. , Silva Sebastian , Stevick Peter T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLatitudinal preferences within the breeding range have been suggested for Breeding Stock G humpback whales that summer in different feeding areas of the eastern South Pacific. To address this hypothesis, humpback whales photo‐identified from the Antarctic Peninsula and the Fueguian Archipelago (southern Chile) were compared with whales photo‐identified from lower latitudes extending from northern Peru to Costa Rica. This comparison was performed over a time span that includes 18 austral seasons. A total of 238 whales identified from the Antarctic Peninsula and 25 whales from the Fueguian Archipelago were among those photo‐identified at the breeding grounds. Our findings showed that humpback whales from each feeding area were resighted unevenly across the breeding grounds, which suggests a degree of spatial structuring in the migratory pathway. Humpback whales that feed at the Antarctic Peninsula were more likely to migrate to the southern breeding range between northern Peru and Colombia, whereas whales that feed at the Fueguian Archipelago were more likely to be found in the northern range of the breeding ground off Panama. Further photo‐identification efforts and genetic sampling from poorly sampled or unsampled areas are recommended to confirm these reported connectivity patterns.
New roles for neuronal estrogen receptors
Authors: Lu C.‐L. , Herndon C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEstrogens encompass steroid hormones which display physiological roles not only in the female reproductive system but also in other organ systems of non‐reproductive controls, including the peripheral and central nervous systems. Traditionally, estrogen signals in neurons through a “genomic pathway”: binding to estrogen receptors (ERs) which then interact with nuclear estrogen response elements to initiate transcription. This effect is usually delayed at onset (within several hours to days) and prolonged in duration. In addition to these classical ERs, recent data suggest that other ERs function through pregenomic signaling pathways. Estrogen's pregenomic pathways cause intracellular changes within seconds to minutes and go through a novel, 7‐transmembrane spanning G protein‐coupled receptor (GPER, formerly known as GPR30). In this review, we will briefly cover the cellular and molecular mechanisms of GPER and then discuss newly discovered roles of GPER in cognition, depression, homeostasis, pain processing, and other associated neuronal functions.
An In Vitro Model for Fibroblast Photoaging Comparing Single and Repeated UVA Irradiations
Authors: Nakyai Wongnapa , Saraphanchotiwitthaya Aurasorn , Viennet Céline , Humbert Philippe , Viyoch Jarupa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe current method for efficient evaluation of antiphotoaging compounds is an in vitro skin culture model using a single ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation of fibroblasts. However, skin photoaging is caused by repeated exposure to UVA radiation. The objective of this study was to develop an appropriate model for in vitro skin photoaging by comparing the different effects of single (5 J cm−2) and repeated exposures (5 J cm−2 × 3 times) of fibroblasts to UVA irradiation. Our results demonstrated that a single and repeated exposure to UVA irradiation had different effects on fibroblasts. In the single UVA‐irradiated group, collagen lattice contraction and the protein levels of type I procollagen and matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) increased, while the levels of fibronectin and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) were unchanged, compared to levels in the non‐UVA‐irradiated group (control). In contrast, repeated UVA exposure significantly induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, reduced collagen lattice contraction and type I procollagen and fibronectin expression, and increased MMP‐1 expression. There was no difference in α‐SMA expression when comparing repeatedly irradiated and non‐UVA‐irradiated fibroblasts. Our findings clearly indicate that repeated UVA irradiation of cells induces malfunctions found in photoaged skin and is an appropriate in vitro skin model of photoaging.
Promotion, Protection, and Entrepreneurship: Stakeholder Participation and Policy Change in the 21st Century Cures Initiative
Authors: Brant Hanna K. , Myers Nathan , Runge Katherine L. 
Published: June 2017

The Energy and Commerce Committee in the U.S. House of Representatives developed the 21st Century Cures Act through a fact‐finding process that involved many different stakeholders in the biotechnology field. This effort can be viewed as an example of policy entrepreneurship in that the committee was trying to accelerate the development of new drugs and treatments. Some members of the committee were very active in this process, while others were less engaged. This article investigates what factors influenced individual legislators’ participation level in the initiative. We consider whether there is evidence that legislator characteristics and the types of groups actively involved in the initiative contributed to some important viewpoints going unaddressed. The evidence supports a contention in the literature that legislators approach biotechnology with a promotional focus as opposed to placing an emphasis on protecting the public from harm, which may have led to potentially problematic changes in areas such as informed consent.Related Articles

Harvey, Olivia. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 51‐71. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2008.00161.x/abstract

David, Charles-Phillipe. 2015. “.” Politics & Policy 43 (): 163‐195. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12106/abstract

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Related Media

Films: Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. 2017. “.” Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v = 43jnxPb0WFc

. 2015. “U.S. Senate Debates the 21st Century Cures Act.” https://www.c-span.org/video/?419543-1/us-senate-debates-21st-century-cures-act

n.d. “21st Century Cures: Hearings, Roundtables, and Forums.” https://energycommerce.house.gov/cures-events