bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural-Urban Disparities in the Uptake of New Diabetes Medications
Authors: Zhu Benjamin , Ding Dong , Luo Jing , Glied Sherry 
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE
This study assessed rural-urban differences in the uptake and use of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors among U.S. adults with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We calculated person-level annual total and out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures for new, other, and all diabetes medications in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We defined newer diabetes medications as GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors. The primary outcome was whether a person received a new diabetes medication during the year, and secondary outcomes were medication expenditures. The key independent variable was metropolitan statistical area (MSA) status. Logistic regression was used to estimate use rates of new diabetes medications by MSA status, and a two-part model was used to estimate individual-level annual total and OOP expenditures on new, other, and all diabetes medications.

RESULTS
We observed no significant difference (adjusted odds ratio 0.943, P = 0.37) in newer diabetes medication use. Individuals with diabetes in non-MSAs were more likely to have spending (probit coefficient 0.058, P = 0.06) and to spend more on other diabetes medications (combined marginal effect $103.13, P = 0.09), although this result was not statistically significant. This imbalance increased from $81.33 (P = 0.09) in 2003–2006 to $136.66 (P = 0.08) in 2017–2020.

CONCLUSIONS
Rural-urban diabetes outcome disparities are not likely to be the result of differences in the uptake of GLP-1 receptor agonist, DPP-4 inhibitor, and SGLT2 inhibitor medications.
Identification and Management of Dental Anxiety by New Zealand Dentists
Authors: Veerasamy Arthi , Morse Zac , Thomson William Murray 
Published: September 2024

Objective
More than 1 in 8 New Zealand (NZ) adults are dentally anxious, which can lead to avoiding dental care and a higher risk of poor oral health. However, little is known about how dentally anxious patients are identified and managed by NZ general dentists. This survey aimed to investigate how NZ dentists identify and manage dentally anxious patients.

Methods
We conducted an email survey of NZ dentists in 2022, obtaining 212 responses. Along with demographic information, respondents were queried about whether they ask patients about past/current dental fears and their likely origin, how they assessed those fears, their usual management of dentally anxious patients, and how the management of dentally anxious patients could be improved.

Results
Almost three-quarters reported personally asking patients about past and/or current dental fears, and half enquired about bad life experiences that had led to those fears. Only 6 respondents (2.8%) reported using a formal dental anxiety/phobia assessment tool prior to treatment. For managing severely anxious adult dental patients, all dentists used at least 1 pharmacologic or psychological technique or referral to a colleague.

Conclusion
The study identified several weaknesses among NZ dentists in identifying and managing dental anxiety patients. The use of formal dental anxiety/phobia assessment tools prior to treatment needs improvement. Addressing dental anxiety is a complex issue that requires a multipronged approach involving improved education, the development and implementation of better assessment tools, and a greater understanding of how dentists’ current assessment and management of dental anxiety can be improved.
Efficacy of QuickSleeper Intraosseous Injection of 4% Articaine in Mandibular First Molars With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vatankhah Mohammadreza , Dianat Omid , Zargar Nazanin , Bejestani Saeid Gharibian , Baghban Alireza Akbarzadeh , Shojaeian Shiva 
Published: September 2024

Objective
To evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine via primary intraosseous (IO) injection with the QuickSleeper device vs inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) for mandibular first molars diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP).

Methods
Sixty-four patients with a first mandibular molar with SIP were randomly divided into 2 groups: IO (n = 32) and IANB (n = 32). Each received either an IO injection with the 5th generation QuickSleeper device or a conventional IANB with 1.7 mL 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Success was defined as no/mild pain upon the access cavity preparation and initial filing. Injection pain, anesthetic onset, heart rate (HR) change, HR recovery time, and duration of anesthesia were also recorded and analyzed.

Results
The success rates were 40.6% for IANB and 81.2% for IO (P < .001). IO exhibited a significantly lower injection pain (P = .027), a shorter onset of action (P < .001), a greater heart rate increase (P < .001), a faster heart rate recovery time (P < .001), and a shorter duration of action (P < .001) vs IANB.

Conclusion
Primary IO anesthesia using the fifth generation of the QuickSleeper device was more successful than IANB when using 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine to anesthetize mandibular first molars with SIP. The QuickSleeper device appeared to be a viable alternative to IANB for mandibular anesthesia.
Media Accordion Book pada Muatan IPA Topik Mengenal Proses Fotosintesis untuk Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ni Nyoman Indah Artadiningsih  , I Gede Margunayasa  
Published: September 2024

Ketersediaan media pembelajaran yang ada di sekolah dasar kurang mencukupi khususnya pada muatan IPA topik mengenal proses fotosintesis siswa kelas IV SD. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk membuktikan kepraktisan media accordion book pada muatan IPA topik mengenal proses fotosintesis untuk siswa kelas IV SD yang teruji validitasnya. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan model ADDIE yang terdiri dari lima tahapan yaitu analisis, perancangan, pengembangan, implementasi, evaluasi. Penelitian ini hanya sampai pada tahap pengembangan. Subjek penelitian yakni para ahli, guru dan siswa yang berjumlah 10 orang. Metode serta instrumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pengembangan media accordion book mendapat kualifikasi sangat baik dari ahli, respon guru dan siswa. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa media accordion book pada muatan IPA topik mengenal proses fotosintesis untuk siswa kelas IV SD valid serta dapat diaplikasikan dalam kegiatan belajar-mengajar sebagai sumber belajar. Implikasi penelitian ini diharapkan membantu guru dalam menyediakan media interaktif pada mata pelajaran IPA.
Nitrogen Requirement and Nitrogen Form Preference by Radermachera hainanensis and R. sinica Plug Seedlings
Authors: Wang Tsung-Cheng , Wei Tzu-Yao , Yeh Der-Ming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Radermachera hainanensis Merr. and R. sinica Hemsl. are popular foliage plants raised from seeds. Nitrogen fertilizer can significantly influence medium pH and EC, plug seedling growth, and photosynthesis. Plug seedlings of both species, each with one pair of leaves, were subjected weekly to nutrient solutions with nitrogen (N) concentrations ranging from 0 to 32 mM. Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibited the lowest leaf area, SPAD-502 value, and shoot dry weight but the highest root-to-shoot ratio. Leaf area, SPAD-502 value, and root and shoot dry weights increased with increasing N concentration up to 12-16 mM, and gradually decreased thereafter. Well-grown plants with 12-16 mM N exhibited peak maximal fluorescence (Fm), photochemical quenching (qP) and the lowest minimal fluorescence (Fo) and non-photochemical quenching (qN). Seedlings received nutrient solutions with varying proportions of NH4-N: NO3-N (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0, in percentages) at 16 mM N. Both species exhibited reduced leaf area, SPAD-502 value, and plant dry weights when supplied with only NO3-N or NH4-N. Maximum growth was achieved at a 50% NH4-N: 50% NO3-N ratio.
Species used in this study: Golden jasmine tree, Radermachera hainanensis Merr.; China Doll, Radermachera sinica Hemsl.
Chemicals used in this study: ammonium nitrate; sodium dihydrogen phosphate; potassium sulphate; potassium nitrate; magnesium sulfate heptahydrate; calcium sulfate dihydrate; calcium nitrate tetrahydrate; ammonium sulfate; boric acid anhydrous; potassium chloride; ferrous sulfate heptahydrate; disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dihydrate; copper sulfate pentahydrate; zinc sulfate heptahydrate; molybdic acid; manganese sulfate monohydrate; nickel sulfate hexahydrate; sodium hydroxide.
How Productivity, Capital Investment, Employment, Human Capital and Energy Are Affecting Economic Growth in Morocco? An ARDL, FMOLS, DOLS and CCR Approaches
Authors: El Asli Hamdi , Azeroual Mohamed , Mekkaoui Youssef , Jamil Youssef 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to scrutinize the effects of; productivity, capital investment, human capital, employment and energy intensity; on economic growth in Morocco under the Energy-augmented Cobb Douglas production function (CDPF) framework, using extended data from 1965 to 2022. The ADF unit root test confirmed the existence of cointegration among variables, then, the ARDL BTA/ECM model proved the presence of long-term relationship within, in which the explanatory variables progress all together positively and proportionally to generate economic growth, just as stipulate the standard CDPF. The outputs reliability was validated by FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR tests. Results implies that an additional unit in GDP corresponds, in terms of units to, 1.87 in productivity level, 0.12 in capital investment, 4.19 in of human capital, 0.98 in labor force and 2.52 in energy intensity, that Moroccan economy is human capital intensive unlike when it comes to physical capital. In the light of this findings, we think that Morocco should accelerate its industrial transition, proceed to a large modernization and mechanisation of its agriculture in order to inspire more productivity to its entire economy, keep acting in the sense of more structural reforms to improve the business environment, share out the public spending equitably following two dimensions, physical by upgrading local infrastructure to attract more investments, human by promoting human capital through education and social protection.
Regulation of crop load and quality in sweet cherry cv. ‘Sweet Heart’ using blossom thinning
Authors: Parveze Mir Uzma , Mir Mohammad Maqbool , Rehman Munib Ur , Iqbal Umar , Khan Saba Q. , Khan F. A. , Khan Imran , Qayoom Sameera , Mushtaq Irtiqa , Shah Hamiyah K. , Gaafar Abdel-Rhman Z. , Kaushik Prashant 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Self-fertile cultivars of sweet cherry (Prunus avium) produce heavy crop load that is often associated with small and poor-quality fruits. Therefore, a crop load-management strategy is required to improve the quality of the fruit. In this study, the effect of blossom thinners on fruit set, yield and quality of the fruits was evaluated. Three types of blossom thinners were used at three different concentrations viz., ammonium thiosulphate (ATS) (1, 1.5 and 2%), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (20, 40 and 60 ppm) and corn oil emulsion (1, 2 and 3%). These were sprayed at 80% of the bloom stage. The vegetative, flowering, fruit set and yield parameters were observed and recorded. Fruit quality was evaluated by measuring the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits at the harvest stage. Negative correlation was found between fruit set and quality of fruit. The reduction in the crop load was associated with enhanced vegetative growth, including higher leaf:fruit ratio, higher supply and availability of photosynthates to the remaining fruitlets and reduced fruit firmness and titratable acidity. Fruit size, weight, volume, hue value, chroma value, soluble solid content (SSC), total sugars, SSC/acid ratio, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid content were enhanced as a result of thinning. The foliar spray of ATS at 2% and NAA at 60 ppm, at 80% bloom proved to be the most effective in reducing crop load and enhancing the fruit quality.
Antecedents of Purchase Intention For Cruelty Free Cosmetics
Authors: Curth Marcelo , Falcão Roberto Flores , Dantas Ítalo José de Medeiros , Monticelli Jefferson Marlon 
Published: September 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the antecedents of consumers’ intention to buy cosmetics, focusing on how environmental consciousness, perceived effectiveness, social norms, and price sensitivity influence purchasing decisions.

Theoretical Framework: The research is underpinned by theories related to consumer behavior, environmental psychology, and social influence, providing a solid basis for understanding the investigation’s context.

Method: A quantitative study design was adopted, utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM) for analysis. Data collection involved a survey of 201 cosmetic users in Brazil, with questions measuring environmental consciousness, perceived effectiveness, social norms, and price sensitivity.

Results and Discussion: The results revealed positive relationships between the constructs analyzed and the intentions to buy cosmetics, with environmental consciousness having the greatest influence. These results are contextualized considering the theoretical framework, highlighting the identified implications and relationships. Possible discrepancies and study limitations are also considered.

Research Implications: The research provides practical and theoretical insights into how results can influence practices in consumer behavior and marketing. Implications include developing marketing strategies, product development, and policymaking to promote environmentally conscious consumption.

Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by expanding the understanding of factors influencing cosmetic purchasing intentions, especially environmental consciousness. The relevance and value are shown by its potential to guide companies in developing products and marketing strategies aligning with consumer values and preferences, impacting consumer behavior and sustainability practices.
Assessment of Left Arterial Function by using 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking in Obese versus Non-Obese Diabetic Patients
Authors: Mohammed Zahraa A. , Hussein Muataz F. , Essa Samar I. 
Published: September 2024

Both obesity and diabetes are major problems for the public's health. Both are known to contribute to the development of atrial cardiomyopathy. However, the consequences of obesity on the function of the left atrium(LA) in diabetic individuals have not been determined as of yet. The aim of this study is to compare the peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) measured by two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking in obese versus non-obese diabetic Iraqi patients. For a study that was designed to be cross-sectional, the data collection period lasted for a total of ten months. In this study, the participants had to have diabetes mellitus type 2. A comparison was made between patients who were obese and patients who were not obese using 2-D speckle tracking to measure the peak left atrial longitudinal strain. Several additional factors, such as age, gender, body mass index, conventional echocardiographic parameters, and volume-derived LA function, were investigated during this study. A total of 59 patients participated in this study. The ratio of males to females was exactly 1:1.5, and the average age was (54 ± 9.4) years old. Coexistent systemic arterial hypertension was observed in 25 % of the study population. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity had ad higher E/e` ratio and lower PALS than patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without obesity, whereas all other parameters were statistically non-significant (EF, E/A, S prime, LA volume index). It was found that the peak longitudinal strain of the LA, which was measured using 2-D speckle tracking, was lower in the obese diabetic individuals. This was in contrast to diabetic people, who did not have obesity issues. An evaluation of the global strain in the left atrium can help in the early detection of remodeling and dysfunction in the left atrium if it is compared to the size of the left atrium and the filling pressures of the left ventricle, both of which are respectively determined by the E/e' ratio and the left atrial volume.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS KASUS KEBAKARAN LAPAS KELAS 1 TANGERANG DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HAK ASASI MANUSIA MENURUT UU NO. 39 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG HAS ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: MAULANA ARIF HIDAYATULLAH  , Tri Sulistyowati  
Published: September 2024

The safety guarantee of the right to life for prisoners in correctional institutions (“lapas”) is often neglected, even though it is the responsibility of the state. One of the cases that occurred was the alleged negligence of government officials in the management of facilities and infrastructure in prison, such as the fire that occurred in Correctional Institutions Class 1 Tangerang on September 8, 2021. The problems of this article are: whether there is a violation of human rights in the case of fire in Correctional Institutions Class 1 Tangerang? This article is a normative legal research, descriptive in nature, using secondary data, and deductive inference. The Result and conclusion obtained is that there was a violation of human rights due to the negligence of several prison officers which then caused a fire and resulted in casualties. Related to the case, four prison officers were charged under Articles 359 and 188 of the Criminal Code with a prison sentence of up to five years. Improvement and revitalization of prisons are also needed so that the safety of prisoners in prison can be better guaranteed.
EFEKTIFITAS KOMBUCHA TEH BUNGA ROSELLA DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI ESHERICHIA COLI DAN SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE UNTUK MENCEGAH TERJADINYA DIARE
Authors: Fatayati Imma , Djohan Herlinda , Roofiif Sayyid Al 
Published: September 2024

One probiotic product is kombucha tea. Kombucha tea can be combined with rosella tea. Some of the bacteria that attack the digestive tract are Escherichia Coli and Shigella dysenteriae which can cause diarrhea. It has been suggested that probiotics can be used to prevent diarrhea. This research aims to determine whether there are probiotic benefits of Rosella flower kombucha fermented for 7 days and 14 days to prevent diarrhea. Review of the growth inhibitory power of Escherichia Coli and Shigella dysenteriae bacteria. This research is in the form of Quasi-experimental. The population of this study was rosella flower kombucha. The sample for this research was rosella flower kombucha with 7 days of fermentation and 14 days of fermentation. The number of repetitions for each treatment was 16 replications, with total replications was 62 replications. The results of this research showed that the inhibitory power of rosella flower kombucha against Shigella dysenteriae bacteria with an average fermentation time of 7 days was 11.31 mm (strong), for 14 days of fermentation the average was 24.72 mm (very strong). Meanwhile, the inhibitory power of rosella flower kombucha against E. Coli bacteria with a fermentation time of 7 days averaged 11.09 mm (strong), for 14-day fermentation, the average was 20.34 mm (very strong). This research concluded that the inhibitory power of rosella flower kombucha fermented for 7 days was in the strong category and 14 days in the very strong category for both the growth of Shigella dysentriae and `E. coli bacteria.
ANALISIS KONTEN EDUKASI INFLUENCER INSTAGRAM TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU GIZI SEIMBANG FOLLOWERS-NYA
Authors: Rinalda Aulia Rizki , Anwar Khoirul 
Published: September 2024

Instagram content is a source of information that can be presented by content creators or influencers who have the power to influence and lead their followers' opinions online via social media. Changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in eating habits and physical activity frequency can all have an impact on a person's nutritional status and health. The population of this cross-sectional study is followers of @dietsantuy.id who meet the inclusion criteria. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 110 respondents for this study. The instruments used were questionnaires on balanced nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, eating habits, Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ), and influencer content questionnaires via Google form. The results show that behavior has a significant relationship with @dietsantuy.id content, with a p value of 0.001 (p 0.005), whereas knowledge and attitude variables have no significant relationship with @dietsantuy.id content. The existence of a significant relationship between content and behavior demonstrates that Instagram content created by influencers can influence a person's behavior. The lack of a significant relationship between content and balanced nutrition attitudes suggests that other factors, such as age, gender, education level, income level, and other external factors, can influence a person'sÂ knowledge and attitudes
AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON EFL STUDENT’S REFLECTIVE JOURNAL WRITING ON ONLINE BLOGGING AT TARBIYA AND TEACHERS TRAINING FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA
Authors: Kurniati Eka Yuni 
Published: September 2024

<p>The aim of this study was to find out: 1) the kinds of error made by EFL<strong><em> </em></strong>student’s reflective journal writing on online blogging, 2) the process that the EFL student did in producing errors, 3) the causes of error happened on EFL student's reflective journal writing. This study was categorized into a qualitative content analysis. The data of this study were 10 reflective journal writings of EFL student on her blogging account and the data source was one of the EFL students of State Islamic University of North Sumatera. The data were observed by purposive sampling. Thus for the results of this study, the researcher found five kinds of errors that appeared on EFL student’s reflective journal writing on her online blogging. They were; error in time, omission error, insertion error, part of speech error and other errors. The errors happened unconsciously, the EFL student made errors by eliminating, adding some unnecessary word and disordering some words in arranging sentence. There were several factors behind the occurrence of errors, namely Interlingua transfer, intralingua transfer, lack of vocabulary, and the use of inappropriate translate techniques.</p><p> </p><strong>Keywords:<em> </em></strong><em>Error Analysis, Reflective Journal, Online Blogging, and Surface<strong> </strong>Strategy Taxonomy</em>