bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Étude de l’utilisation d’un environnement numérique de formation : méthode de remise en situation à l’aide de traces numériques de l’activité
Authors: Flandin Simon , Auby Marine , Ria Luc 
Published: October 2016

Cet article est une contribution empirique au domaine de la formation instrumentée par le numérique mais aussi — et surtout — une contribution méthodologique à l’analyse des activités produites dans ce domaine. Il rend compte d’une étude pilote menée dans le cadre d’une recherche doctorale et qui a consisté à décrire, analyser et modéliser l’activité d’un enseignant stagiaire en situation d’utilisation autonome d’un environnement numérique de formation (ENF) basé sur des extraits vidéo. Un soin particulier est apporté à la description de la méthode. Deux types de données ont été recueillis et traités selon l’approche du programme « cours d’action » : (i) des données d’observation de l’activité (capture dynamique d’écran) et (ii) des données d’entretien de remise en situation à l’aide des traces numériques de cette activité. Les résultats (i) valident la pertinence de la méthode vis-à-vis de l’objet et de la question de recherche ; (ii) montrent des structures de différents niveaux dans l’organisation de l’activité en situation d’utilisation ; (iii) révèlent quatre registres de préoccupations (ou engagements-type) orientant l’utilisation de l’ENF. Nous concluons dans une perspective de technologie de la formation, en discutant la façon dont ces résultats informent, à certaines conditions et selon différentes temporalités, un processus de conception continuée de l’ENF.
Le développement de l’activité des salariés âgés : l’environnement sociotechnique comme ressource au métier d’agent de circulation
Authors: Cros Florence , Bobillier Chaumon Marc-Éric , Cuvillier Bruno 
Published: October 2016

La compréhension des conditions favorisant l’intégration des TIC dans l’activité professionnelle des salariés âgés représente un enjeu sociétal important. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons, à partir de l’étude de l’activité des agents de circulation ferroviaire, d’appréhender les ressources psychosociales que mobilisent ces salariés pour faire face et s’approprier de nouveaux environnements technologiques de travail. Cette recherche s’appuie sur les fondements théoriques élaborés autour d’une approche à la fois développementale et systémique de l’activité, à l’image de celle fournie par le système d’activité (Engeström, 1987). Nous cherchons à saisir le rapport du salarié âgé aux TIC, mais également à comprendre comment il construit et développe ses pratiques professionnelles en situation réelle de travail, à la fois par et avec les dispositifs technologiques, mais également en interaction avec autrui. Il s’agit alors de prendre en compte l’environnement sociotechnique au sein duquel le salarié âgé évolue. La démarche de recueil de données a été construite en procédant par triangulation méthodologique, et ce afin d’appréhender les activités médiatisées de six agents de circulation appartenant à deux gares différentes. Les résultats révèlent qu’il n’y a pas de différence dans l’utilisation et l’acceptation des dispositifs techniques entre les « jeunes » et seniors bien que les logiques et/ou les stratégies d’usages diffèrent. Ainsi, nous avons pu identifier différentes façons de faire le métier qui sont collectivement élaborées et qui apparaissent être des éléments influençant le développement de l’activité médiatisée par les outils technologiques dont disposent les agents de circulation.
Comment concevoir des référentiels de diplômes professionnels sans renoncer au travail réel ?
Authors: Balas Stéphane 
Published: October 2016

L’objet de ce texte est de montrer que la conception des référentiels pour les diplômes, telle qu’elle est conduite aujourd’hui, en prenant peu en compte le travail réel, met ses acteurs dans des situations complexes. Les contradictions vécues laissent des traces dans les documents produits. Nous avons tenté de saisir ces traces à partir d’exemples de référentiels de diplômes. Une proposition alternative permet de produire un résultat utile à la réflexion mais aussi d’envisager une activité de conception plus cohérente.
Les affects et leur destin dans l’intervention
Authors: Bonnefond Jean-Yves , Clot Yves 
Published: October 2016

Cet article étudie le rapport entre affectivité et activité dans les interventions en psychologie du travail, en l’occurrence sous les modalités de la clinique de l’activité. L’affect, que nous distinguons des émotions, est défini comme un conflit de l’activité avec elle-même, un rapport de force qui met en balance les attendus et les inattendus de l’activité, dont le devenir ‑ imprédictible ‑ oscille entre deux orientations, plutôt active ou passive. À partir d’un exemple tiré d’une intervention dans l’industrie automobile, nous montrons que l’affectivité est mise au travail dans l’intervention et qu’en se développant, passivité et activité peuvent s’inverser, l’une peut prendre le visage de l’autre. En effet, le cadre clinique dialogique est la source du développement possible de l’affect pour un devenir actif à une condition : quand l’affect fait l’objet d’une reprise dans un autre contexte où sa répétition est non seulement admise, mais sollicitée par l’intervention. Celle-ci peut alors, en alimentant le mouvement des affects, le régénérer en le « rechargeant » de son énergie dialogique pour étendre le pouvoir d’agir.
A review of pharmacological therapy for glaucoma
Authors: Mathebula S.D. 
Published: October 2016

Glaucoma is a chronic or acute disease in which optic nerve damage occurs in a characteristic way. In primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), the manifestations of the optic nerve damage include visible excavation that develops in the optic nerve head and regions of the retina lose ability to detect all the elements that go into the total sensory prod-uct called vision.1, 2 When these regions worsen and enlarge to coalesce, the result is blindness.The intraocular pressure (IOP) has a causative role in producing the damage. All eyes have an in-ternal pressure to keep them inﬂated, perhaps 17 mmHg on the average, ± 5 mmHg standard devia-tion. In at least two thirds of the eyes that suffer glaucomatous damage, the intraocular pressure is high, at least a bit above the pressure found in 95% of the non-glaucomatous population. The cut-off is in the region of 20 to 22 mmHg used by most deﬁnitions.2 However, a normal or even low intra-ocular pressure can be harmful to some eyes, and when it is, the person has normal or low tension glaucoma. The traditional treatment of glaucoma has logically been to lower the intraocular pres-sure, to prevent further damage to the optic nerve, though previous damage is not undone.
A practical logMAR near reference table for low vision practitioners: Design and applications
Authors: Oduntan Alabi O. 
Published: October 2016

LogMAR charts are particularly useful for visual acuity (VA) measurement for low vision patients as they simplify conversion of non-standard viewing distance visual acuities to standard values. Also, the process of predicting various quantities involved in the prescrip-tion of optical devices for patients are greatly facilitated. However, the processes involved in the use of this logMAR principle require series of multiplication and division by the logMAR ratio of 1.2589. A table computed and pre-sented in this article provides easy reference for the conversions and predictions needed for the various quantities at near. The table (Table 1) is computed using the logMAR scale of 1.2589 in logMAR, M and N notations. The table con-tains VA values between logMAR 1.4 (10M or 80 point) and logMAR 0.18 (1.3M or10 point) in steps of 1.2589 for reduced (non-standard) viewing distances ranging from 31.8 cm (0.32 m) to 3.2 cm (0.03M). The table contains values which can be used to convert visual acuity values measured at reduced near view-ing distances to standard visual acuity values. The values also can be used to represent any of the quantities involved in the prescription of optical devices for low vision patients. The use of the table for converting reduced distance VA values to standard values and for predict-ing optical powers and visual performance of low vision patients are discussed with relevant examples. Like all principles based on the log-MAR principles, the table is quite versatile in VA conversion and prediction of the various quantities such as print size that can be read by the low vision patient when factors such as viewing distance or power are varied.
The development of protocols and norms for sports vision evaluations
Authors: Buys J. H. C. , Ferreira J. T. 
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study was to find the most appropriate protocol to establish norms for the most important visual skills required by elite athletes in sports performance. One hundred and fifty eight elite athletes were tested and their visual skills categorized as being: superior, above average, average, ineffective or needs immediate attention. Two methods namely, the percentage method and the mean and standard deviation method were employed to find the most applicable way to establish these categories. The results indicate that elite athletes perform very well for all the visual skills tested and that the norms thus established suggest the importance of these visual skills in sports performance.
Perceived effects of coloured overlays on reading material in persons with albinism
Authors: Makgaba N. T. , Oduntan O. A. 
Published: October 2016

Persons with albinism often complain of glare when reading. They may therefore benefit from coloured filter overlays just as they benefit from tinted lenses. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectof coloured overlays on print perception in persons with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). Fifty subjects were included in this study, their ages ranged from 12 to 31 years with a mean of 16.12 years (SD = ± 4.56 years). Following refraction and subsequent compensation for refractive errors, subjective perception of print was examined with the subject looking at the Wilkins® reading rate test chart with and without colored filter overlay/s. The subjects were asked to respond to questions previously used in a questionnaire by Wilkins (2001). The percentage frequencies of positive (beneficial) responses were used to decide whether or not a particular overlay would enhance reading performance. McNemar’s test was used to establish significant differences between responses to questions without and with overlays. All single overlays gave greater percentages of positive responses (92.0-97.2%) than without overlay (85.2%). The single overlay that provided the highest positive responses was blue (97.2%) and the least was purple (92.0%). All double overlays, except grey/grey (82.0%) gave greater positive responses than without overlay (85.2%). Aqua/blue gave the greatest positive responses (possible benefits) (97.2%), followed by rose/rose (96.8%). Comparing the responses without overlay with single and double overlays, the difference in responses to the five questions was only significant (p < 0.05) with regard to brightness of the surface. The results suggest that overlays provided a more glare-free reading surface than without an overlay. It was, therefore concluded that the best advantage of the coloured overlays was in glare reduction. Although this study showed that there were more subjects who preferred single blue and aqua/blue double overlays, inter-subject preference for overlays varied, therefore the best overlay should be established for every patient for whom overlay is to be prescribed.
A comparison of two methods of logMAR visual acuity data scoring for statistical analysis
Authors: Oduntan O. A. , Mashige K. P. , Raliavhegwa-Makhado M. 
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare two methods of logMAR visual acuity (VA) scoring. The two methods are referred to as letter scoring (method 1) and line scoring (method 2). The two methods were applied to VA data obtained from one hundred and forty (N=140) children with oculocutaneous albinism. Descriptive, correlation andregression statistics were then used to analyze the data. Also, where applicable, the Bland and Altman analysis was used to compare sets of data from the two methods. The right and left eyes data were included in the study, but because the findings were similar in both eyes, only the results for the right eyes are presented in this paper. For method 1, the mean unaided VA (mean UAOD1) = 0.39 ±0.15 logMAR. The mean aided (mean ADOD1) VA = 0.50 ± 0.16 logMAR. For method 2, the mean unaided (mean UAOD2) VA = 0.71 ± 0.15 logMAR, while the mean aided VA (mean ADOD2) = 0.60 ± 0.16 logMAR. The range and mean values of the improvement in VA for both methods were the same. The unaided VAs (UAOD1, UAOD2) and aided (ADOD1, ADOD2) for methods 1 and 2 correlated negatively (Unaided, r = –1, p<0.05), (Aided, r = –1, p<0.05). The improvement in VA (differences between the unaided and aided VA values) (DOD1 and DOD2) were positively correlated (r = +1, p <0.05). The Bland and Altman analyses showed that the VA improvement (unaided – aided VA values) (DOD1 and DOD2) were similar for the two methods. Findings indicated that only the improvement in VA could be compared when different scoring methods are used. Therefore the scoring method used in any VA research project should be stated in the publication so that appropriate comparisons could be made by other researchers.
Eye protection practices and symptoms among welders in the Limpopo Province of South Africa+
Authors: Sithole H. L. , Oduntan O. A. , Oriowo M. O. 
Published: October 2016

Welding is associated with several ocular and systemic hazards especially where adequate protective measures are not taken. The purpose of this project was to study the eye protection practices and symptoms among welders in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Questionnaires designed to investigate eye protection practices and symptoms experienced were completed byone hundred and fifty (150) welders. The types of welding done were shielded metal arc (84%), oxyacetylene gas (4%) and silver brazing (12%). The number of years spent in the welding industry ranged from one to 10 years with a mean of 5 ± 3.1 years and the number of hours of welding per day ranged from one to 10 hours with a mean of 6 ± 2.1 hours. A large percentage of the welders (89%) reported wearing protective devices when welding and the most common protective devices used by the welders were: helmets (57%), goggles(22%), and face shields (15%). Six percent used inefficient protective devices such as sunglasses. Sixty one percent reported occasional exposure to welding flashes when not wearing any eye protection. Welding-related eye symptoms reported included foreign body sensation (18%), persistent after-images (31%), and watery eyes (50%). Al-though the majority of the welders wore protective devices while welding, a few did not always use such devices while others used sunglasses for protection. Moreover, many of the welders were occasionally, and only a few were always, exposed to welding flashes when protective devices were not used. Therefore, we concluded that eye protectionpractices amongst the welders appeared to be inadequate to avoid hazards associated with welding. It is recommended that an eye protection educational campaign for welders should form part of the SouthAfrican Government’s workplace safety program.
Sensitivity of the corneal-plane refractive compen- sation to change in power and axial position of an intraocular lens
Authors: Gool W. F. , Van Gool R. D. 
Published: October 2016

If an intraocular lens is displaced or if its power is changed what are the consequences for the refractive compensation of the eye? Gaussian optics is used to obtain explicit formulae for the sensitivityof the corneal-plane refractive compensation (also called the refraction, refractive state, etc) to change in power and axial displacement of a thin intraocular lens implanted in a simple eye. In particular, for a pseudophakic Gullstrand simplified eye withintraocular lens placed 5 mm behind the cornea the sensitivity to errors in the power of the intraocular lens is about 71 . 0 − 71 for an intraocular lens of power for an intraocular lens of power 20 D, that is, the refractive compensation decreases by about 0.71 dioptres per dioptre increase in the power of the intraocular lens. More generally the sensitivity is approximately ( ) I m 0037 . 0 63 . 0 F − − 0.63 ( 003 . 0 63 . 0 − − (0.0037m)FIwhere FI is the power of the intraocular lens. Also for Gullstrand’s simplified eye the sensitivity of refractive compensation to axial displacement of the intraocular lens is approximately linear in FI , about (64D) FI, in fact. That is, for each dioptre of the power of the intraocular lens the refractive compensation increases by about 0.064 dioptres per millimetre of axial displacement towards the retina.
A study of the suitability of disposable coloured contact lenses for a South African clinic based population
Authors: Moodley V. R. 
Published: October 2016

Optometrists have always considered the fitting of all types of contact lenses to be an integral part of the scope of practice of their profession. However, since the introduction of disposable cosmetic coloured contact lenses into the market, the frequency of over the counter sales of contact lenses has significantly increased. Patients often present with contact lens complications at the University of Kwa-Zulu Natal clinic and local practices. It is sometimes reported that the lenses were purchased over the counter, from an optometry practice or another non-registered vendor. A common observation in these instances has been that the lenses do not fit optimally and that the incidence of complications associated with tight fitting lenses was much higher amongst the African patients as opposed to those of other race groups. A clinical observational study utilizing convenience sampling of 240 subjects was undertaken to evaluate the fitting criteria of disposable cosmetic coloured contact lenses on a South African clinic based population. All patients requesting the lenses chose their preferred colour and were fitted with Freshlook ColorBlends, Images or Expressions Colors lenses. Lenses were evaluated after 20-25 minutes and then classified into tight, ideal or loose fits according to the lower lid push-up test, lenscentration, post blink movement and version lag and upgaze lens movements. The ages of the subjects ranged from 16 to 45 years with a mean of 24.13 ± 5.66 years. Seventy (29.2%) were males and 170 (70.8%) were females. The majority (62.9%) of the lenses fitted on the subjects were rejected according to the fit criteria. The African subjects had the highest percentage of rejected fits (82.8%) whilst 75% of the White subjects had acceptable fits. The main reason for lens fits being rejected was that they displayed charac teristics of a tight fit (96%) with only 4% of the fits being rejected due to being too loose. These results highlight the need for contact lens manufacturing companies to realize that those lenses that they design and which undergo clinical trials on Caucasian eyes do not necessarily fit well on the majority of patients in this part of the world. The reasons for this may be related to differences in corneal profiles of the different population groups with some being more suitable to particular lens designs than others. It is recommended that the public and practitioners be educated about the potential dangers of over the counter sales of contact lenses and that pre-fitting evaluations consultations of all contact lenses are an essential part of contact lens care.
Amplitude, facility and accuracy of accommodation in a primary school population
Authors: Moodley V. R. 
Published: October 2016

Vision screening at an early age in children is important as it can identify aspects in the visual system that may need to be managed to enable a child to function optimally at school. The National School Vision Screening Programme was discontinued in many provinces of South Africa, often due to a lack of financial resources or adequately trained personnel. This action has resulted in the majority of children not having a visual examination during their school career. In a few instances where vision screenings are performed, these are usually limited to visual acuity (VA) evaluation alone; an endeavour that may miss many significant visual problems. The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for vision screening to be conducted in schools and for the screening protocols to include the various accommodative tests. A retrospective analysis of the amplitudes of accommodation, accommodative facility and accuracy of accommodation findingsfrom a primary school vision screening of 264 children between 6 and 13 years was undertaken in this study. Data was captured and analysed with Microsoft Excel. The ages of the children ranged from 6 to 13 years with a mean of 9.38 years (SD = 1.85). One hundred and thirty eight (52.3%) were males and 126 (47.7%) females. A significant number of the children failed the monocular accommodative amplitude tests (24%), binocular accommodative amplitude test (26%), the accommodative facility (30%) and the MEM test (27%). These results highlight the need for a more comprehensive vision screening exercise rather than VA alone as this approach would have missed more than a quarter of the children who had other visual problems that could impact on their ability to perform optimally at school.
The role of vision and visual skills in archery*
Authors: Strydom B. 
Published: October 2016

The main purpose of this study were firstly to determine the most important visual skills applicable to archery and secondly to determine the norms for these visual skills necessary for an archer to perform at an elite level. Another goal was to compare our results with previous results for elite athletes, (determined by Buys in 2002). Twenty eight archers from different archery styles such as compound bow archery, recurve bow archery and traditional bow archery were used. Their visual skill norms were categorized as Superior, Above average, Average, Ineffective and Needs immediate attention.The results indicated that visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis, eye-hand coordination, eye-body coordination and visual response time may be the most important skills in archery. Other factors such as distance judging and the choice of monocular or binocular aiming has also been tested and discussed and norms for these tests were also established. (S Afr Optom 2010 69(1) 21-28)
Transferences of Purkinje systems
Authors: Harris W. F. 
Published: October 2016

The transferences of heterocentric astigmatic Purkinje systems are special: submatrices B and C, that is, the disjugacy and the divergence of the system, are symmetric and submatrix D (the divarication) is the transpose of submatrix A (the dilation). It is the primary purpose of this paper to provide a proof. The paper also derives other relationships among the fundamental properties and compact expressions for the transference and optical axis locator of a Purkinje system. (S Afr Optom 2011 70(2) 57-60)