bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Operative Findings Correlation in 229 Fistula‐in‐Ano Patients
Authors: Garg Pankaj , Singh Pratiksha , Kaur Baljit 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo correlate the operative findings of patients with fistula‐in‐ano with preoperative MRI and quantify the information added with MRI.MethodsAll consecutive fistula‐in‐ano patients operated between July 2013 and May 2015 were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative MRI was done in every patient. The details of tracts, internal opening and “complex parameters” (additional tract or additional internal opening, horseshoe tract, associated abscess and supralevator extension) found at surgery were compared to the findings determined by MRI.ResultsA total of 229 patients (424 tracts) with mean age—49.0 ± 11.3 years were included. M/F 198/31. James hospital classification: Type I 58, II 20, III 49, IV 86 and V 16. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI in diagnosing fistula tracts were 98.8 and 99.7%, respectively, and in identifying internal opening were 97.7 and 98.6%, respectively. MRI added significant information in 46.7% (107/229) patients which was presence of additional tracts in 71 (66.3%), horseshoe tract in 63 (58.8%), supralevator extension in 16 (14.9%), unsuspected abscess in 11 (10.3%) and multiple internal openings in one patient (1%). The proportion of simple/complex fistula (based on history and clinical examination alone) was 32.8/67.2% which changed to 21.4/78.6% after the MRI scan. MRI added significant information about unsuspecting complex parameters which were missed on history and clinical examination in more than one‐third (26/75: 34.6%) of simple fistulae and more than half (81/154: 52.5%) of already known complex fistulae.ConclusionsMRI is highly accurate in diagnosing fistula‐in‐ano and added significant information about unsuspected complex parameters in over one‐third (34.6%) of simple and in half (52.5%) of complex fistula‐in‐ano.
748 K (475 °C) Embrittlement of Duplex Stainless Steel: Effect on Microstructure and Fracture Behavior
Authors: Örnek Cem , Burke M. G. , Hashimoto T. , Engelberg D. L. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
22Cr-5Ni duplex stainless steel (DSS) was aged at 748 K (475 °C) and the microstructure development correlated to changes in mechanical properties and fracture behavior. Tensile testing of aged microstructures confirmed the occurrence of 748 K (475 °C) embrittlement, which was accompanied by an increase of strength and hardness and loss of toughness. Aging caused spinodal decomposition of the ferrite phase, consisting of Cr-enriched α″ and Fe-rich α′ and the formation of a large number of R-phase precipitates, with sizes between 50 and 400 nm. Fracture surface analyses revealed a gradual change of the fracture mode from ductile to brittle delamination fracture, associated with slip incompatibility between ferrite and austenite. Ferrite became highly brittle after 255 hours of aging, mainly due to the presence of precipitates, while austenite was ductile and accommodated most plastic strain. The fracture mechanism as a function of 748 K (475 °C) embrittlement is discussed in light of microstructure development.
Glucose Uptake and Triacylglycerol Synthesis Are Increased in Barth Syndrome Lymphoblasts
Authors: Mejia Edgard M. , Zinko James C. , Hauff Kristin D. , Xu Fred Y. , Ravandi Amir , Hatch Grant M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBarth syndrome (BTHS) is an X‐linked genetic disease resulting in loss of cardiolipin (Ptd2Gro). Patients may be predisposed to hypoglycemia and exhibit increases in whole‐body glucose disposal rates and a higher fat mass percentage. We examined the reasons for this in BTHS lymphoblasts. BTHS lymphoblasts exhibited a 60% increase (p < 0.004) in 2‐[1,2‐3H(N)]deoxy‐d‐glucose uptake, a 40% increase (p < 0.01) in glucose transporter‐3 protein expression, an increase in phosphorylated‐adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) and a 58% increase (p < 0.001) in the phosphorylated‐AMPK/AMPK ratio compared to controls. In addition, BTHS lymphoblasts exhibited a 90% (p < 0.001) increase in d‐[U‐14C]glucose incorporated into 1,2,3‐triacyl‐sn‐glycerol (TAG) and a 29% increase (p < 0.025) in 1,2‐diacyl‐sn‐glycerol acyltransferase‐2 activity compared to controls. Thus, BTHS lymphoblasts exhibit increased glucose transport and increased glucose utilization for TAG synthesis. These results may, in part, explain why BTHS patients exhibit an increase in whole‐body glucose disposal rates, may be predisposed to hypoglycemia and exhibit a higher fat mass percentage.
Flame volume prediction and validation for lean blow-out of gas turbine combustor
Authors: Ahmed E. , Huang Y. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTLean Blow-Out (LBO) limits are critically important in the operation of aero engines. Previously, Lefebvre's LBO empirical correlation has been extended to the flame volume concept by the authors. Flame volume takes into account the effects of geometric configuration, spatial interaction of mixing jets, turbulence, heat transfer and combustion processes inside the gas turbine combustion chamber. For these reasons, LBO predictions based on flame volume are more accurate. Although LBO prediction accuracy has improved, it poses a challenge associated with Vfestimation in real gas turbine combustors. This work extends the approach of flame volume prediction based on fuel iterative approximation with cold flow simulations to reactive flow simulations. Flame volume for 11 combustor configurations were simulated and validated against experimental data. To make prediction methodology robust, as required in preliminary design stage, reactive flow simulations were carried out with the combination of presumed Probability Density Function (PDF) and discrete phase model (DPM) in Fluent 15.0 The criterion for flame identification was defined. Two important parameters—critical injection diameter (Dp,crit) and critical temperature (Tcrit)—were identified and their influence on reactive flow simulation was studied for Vfestimation. Results exhibit ±15% error in Vf estimation with experimental data.
Pregnant Women’s Awareness of Social Capital in the Great East Japan Earthquake-Affected Areas of Miyagi Prefecture: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Nishigori Hidekazu , Nishigori Toshie , Sakurai Kasumi , Mizuno Satoshi , Obara Taku , Metoki Hirohito , Watanabe Zen , Iwama Noriyuki , Ishikuro Mami , Tatsuta Nozomi , Nishijima Ichiko , Sugawara Junichi , Kuriyama Shinichi , Fujiwara Ikuma , Arima Takahiro , Nakai Kunihiko , Takahashi Fumiaki , Yaegashi Nobuo ,   the Japan Environment & Children’s Study Group
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to clarify the correlation between the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and pregnant women’s awareness of social capital 3 to 9 months after the tsunami disaster.MethodsWe analyzed data on responses to a questionnaire by 7451 pregnant women in their second to third trimesters. The proportions of social capital–related items were calculated in the north and south coastal areas of Miyagi Prefecture and were compared with national samples. The factors associated with social capital were estimated by use of multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe proportion of women feeling that they had helpful neighbors was higher (69.0% vs 56.7%,P=0.0005), the proportion of women regarding their communities as safe and secure was lower (51.7% vs 62.4%,P=0.002), and the proportion of women feeling that most people were trustworthy was lower (23.7% vs 32.9%,P=0.006) in the north coastal area than nationwide. Such differences were not observed in the less severely affected south coastal area. Age of 35 years or older, extended family, college or university graduation, and being multiparous were associated with the feeling of having helpful neighbors.ConclusionThe current status of pregnant women’s awareness of social capital in disaster-affected areas was revealed. Continuous monitoring and support may be necessary to address this issue.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:355–364)
Moral Struggles in Markets
Authors: Balsiger Philip 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPractices within markets are widely regulated and sometimes contested on the basis of moral judgments. Moral entrepreneurs challenge markets and market practices while firms and industry actors defend them, leading to moral struggles opposing different orders of worth. Based on an historical case study, this paper develops a theoretical framework to study moral struggles in markets as social and political processes around commensurability. It identifies three core arenas in which moral struggles play out: ideas, where the morality of specific practices itself is contested and actors ground their moral claims in different institutional orders for legitimation; the economy, where the market viability of changing moral standards is at stake; and politics, where commensuration reflects political power struggles. Through a socio-historical analysis of the fight against battery cages in Swiss egg production in the 1970s and 1980s, the study fleshes out how this moral struggle played out along these dimensions, focusing on the competing discourses, strategies, and tactics of the main moral entrepreneurs and industry associations.
Evaluation of Analysis Conditions for Laser-Pulsed Atom Probe Tomography: Example of Cemented Tungsten Carbide
Authors: Peng Zirong , Choi Pyuck-Pa , Gault Baptiste , Raabe Dierk 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCemented tungsten carbide has been analyzed using laser-pulsed atom probe tomography (APT). The influence of experimental parameters, including laser pulse energy, pulse repetition rate, and specimen base temperature, on the acquired data were evaluated from different aspects, such as mass spectrum, chemical composition, noise-to-signal ratio, and multiple events. Within all the applied analysis conditions, only 1 MHz pulse repetition rate led to a strong detector saturation effect, resulting in a largely biased chemical composition. A comparative study of the laser energy settings showed that an ~12 times higher energy was required for the less focused green laser of the LEAPTM 3000X HR system to achieve a similar evaporation field as the finer spot ultraviolet laser of the LEAPTM 5000 XS system.
Targeted DNA sequencing and in situ mutation analysis using mobile phone microscopy
Authors: Kühnemund Malte , Wei Qingshan , Darai Evangelia , Wang Yingjie , Hernández-Neuta Iván , Yang Zhao , Tseng Derek , Ahlford Annika , Mathot Lucy , Sjöblom Tobias , Ozcan Aydogan , Nilsson Mats 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMolecular diagnostics is typically outsourced to well-equipped centralized laboratories, often far from the patient. We developed molecular assays and portable optical imaging designs that permit on-site diagnostics with a cost-effective mobile-phone-based multimodal microscope. We demonstrate that targeted next-generation DNA sequencing reactions and in situ point mutation detection assays in preserved tumour samples can be imaged and analysed using mobile phone microscopy, achieving a new milestone for tele-medicine technologies.
Creating stable Floquet–Weyl semimetals by laser-driving of 3D Dirac materials
Authors: Hübener Hannes , Sentef Michael A. , De Giovannini Umberto , Kemper Alexander F. , Rubio Angel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTuning and stabilizing topological states, such as Weyl semimetals, Dirac semimetals or topological insulators, is emerging as one of the major topics in materials science. Periodic driving of many-body systems offers a platform to design Floquet states of matter with tunable electronic properties on ultrafast timescales. Here we show by first principles calculations how femtosecond laser pulses with circularly polarized light can be used to switch between Weyl semimetal, Dirac semimetal and topological insulator states in a prototypical three-dimensional (3D) Dirac material, Na3Bi. Our findings are general and apply to any 3D Dirac semimetal. We discuss the concept of time-dependent bands and steering of Floquet–Weyl points and demonstrate how light can enhance topological protection against lattice perturbations. This work has potential practical implications for the ultrafast switching of materials properties, such as optical band gaps or anomalous magnetoresistance.
Mate choice in fruit flies is rational and adaptive
Authors: Arbuthnott Devin , Fedina Tatyana Y. , Pletcher Scott D. , Promislow Daniel E. L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAccording to rational choice theory, beneficial preferences should lead individuals to sort available options into linear, transitive hierarchies, although the extent to which non-human animals behave rationally is unclear. Here we demonstrate that mate choice in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster results in the linear sorting of a set of diverse isogenic female lines, unambiguously demonstrating the hallmark of rational behaviour, transitivity. These rational choices are associated with direct benefits, enabling males to maximize offspring production. Furthermore, we demonstrate that female behaviours and cues act redundantly in mate detection and assessment, as rational mate choice largely persists when visual or chemical sensory modalities are impaired, but not when both are impaired. Transitivity in mate choice demonstrates that the quality of potential mates varies significantly among genotypes, and that males and females behave in such a way as to facilitate adaptive mate choice.
Electrically tunable organic–inorganic hybrid polaritons with monolayer WS2
Authors: Flatten Lucas C. , Coles David M. , He Zhengyu , Lidzey David G. , Taylor Robert A. , Warner Jamie H. , Smith Jason M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractExciton-polaritons are quasiparticles consisting of a linear superposition of photonic and excitonic states, offering potential for nonlinear optical devices. The excitonic component of the polariton provides a finite Coulomb scattering cross section, such that the different types of exciton found in organic materials (Frenkel) and inorganic materials (Wannier-Mott) produce polaritons with different interparticle interaction strength. A hybrid polariton state with distinct excitons provides a potential technological route towards in situ control of nonlinear behaviour. Here we demonstrate a device in which hybrid polaritons are displayed at ambient temperatures, the excitonic component of which is part Frenkel and part Wannier-Mott, and in which the dominant exciton type can be switched with an applied voltage. The device consists of an open microcavity containing both organic dye and a monolayer of the transition metal dichalcogenide WS2. Our findings offer a perspective for electrically controlled nonlinear polariton devices at room temperature.
Cymbiola nobilis shell: Toughening mechanisms in a crossed-lamellar structure
Authors: Ji Hongmei , Li Xiaowu , Chen Daolun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNatural structural materials with intricate hierarchical architectures over several length scales exhibit excellent combinations of strength and toughness. Here we report the mechanical response of a crossed-lamellar structure in Cymbiola nobilis shell via stepwise compression tests, focusing on toughening mechanisms. At the lower loads microcracking is developed in the stacked direction, and channel cracking along with uncracked-ligament bridging and aragonite fiber bridging occurs in the tiled direction. At the higher loads the main mechanisms involve cracking deflection in the bridging lamellae in the tiled direction alongside step-like cracking in the stacked direction. A distinctive crack deflection in the form of “convex” paths occurs in alternative lamellae with respect to the channel cracks in the tiled direction. Furthermore, a barb-like interlocking mechanism along with the uneven interfaces in the 1st-order aragonite lamellae is also observed. The unique arrangement of the crossed-lamellar structure provides multiple interfaces which result in a complicated stress field ahead of the crack tip, hence increasing the toughness of shell.
Sulfated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides markedly attenuates inflammation and oxidative damage in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophage cells and mice
Authors: Wang Zhijun , Xie Jianhua , Yang Yujiao , Zhang Fan , Wang Shengnan , Wu Ting , Shen Mingyue , Xie Mingyong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNatural polysaccharides and their modified derivatives are crucial supplements to the prevention of inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sulfated modification on the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides (CP). A sulfated CP, S-CP1–4 was obtained using chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. The chemical components and FT-IR spectrum confirmed that sulfated group was synthesized to the polysaccharide chains successfully. S-CP1–4 was found to inhibit nitric oxide production, phagocytic activity and the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophage cells, RAW 264.7. S-CP1–4 significantly decreased the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α and the thymus and spleen indexes, and increased the production of IL-10 in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. S-CP1–4 could better protect the liver by inhibiting the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde level while increasing the superoxide dismutase activity and total anti-oxidative capacity. These results suggested that S-CP1–4 may be an effective anti-inflammatory agent, and sulfated modification may be a reliable method for the development of food supplements.
Folivory elicits a strong defense reaction in Catharanthus roseus: metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal distinct local and systemic responses
Authors: Dugé de Bernonville Thomas , Carqueijeiro Inês , Lanoue Arnaud , Lafontaine Florent , Sánchez Bel Paloma , Liesecke Franziska , Musset Karine , Oudin Audrey , Glévarec Gaëlle , Pichon Olivier , Besseau Sébastien , Clastre Marc , St-Pierre Benoit , Flors Victor , Maury Stéphane , Huguet Elisabeth , O’Connor Sarah E. , Courdavault Vincent 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPlants deploy distinct secondary metabolisms to cope with environment pressure and to face bio-aggressors notably through the production of biologically active alkaloids. This metabolism-type is particularly elaborated inCatharanthus roseusthat synthesizes more than a hundred different monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs). While the characterization of their biosynthetic pathway now reaches completion, still little is known about the role of MIAs during biotic attacks. As a consequence, we developed a new plant/herbivore interaction system by challengingC. roseusleaves withManduca sextalarvae. Transcriptomic and metabolic analyses demonstrated thatC. roseusrespond to folivory by both local and systemic processes relying on the activation of specific gene sets and biosynthesis of distinct MIAs following jasmonate production. While a huge local accumulation of strictosidine was monitored in attacked leaves that could repel caterpillars through its protein reticulation properties, newly developed leaves displayed an increased biosynthesis of the toxic strictosidine-derived MIAs, vindoline and catharanthine, produced by up-regulation of MIA biosynthetic genes. In this context, leaf consumption resulted in a rapid death of caterpillars that could be linked to the MIA dimerization observed in intestinal tracts. Furthermore, this study also highlights the overall transcriptomic control of the plant defense processes occurring during herbivory.
Sequestration of PRMT1 and Nd1-L mRNA into ALS-linked FUS mutant R521C-positive aggregates contributes to neurite degeneration upon oxidative stress
Authors: Jun Mi-Hee , Ryu Hyun-Hee , Jun Yong-Woo , Liu Tongtong , Li Yan , Lim Chae-Seok , Lee Yong-Seok , Kaang Bong-Kiun , Jang Deok-Jin , Lee Jin-A 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMutations in fused in sarcoma (FUS), a DNA/RNA binding protein, are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, little is known about how ALS-causing mutations alter protein-protein and protein-RNA complexes and contribute to neurodegeneration. In this study, we identified protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) as a protein that more avidly associates with ALS-linked FUS-R521C than with FUS-WT (wild type) or FUS-P525L using co-immunoprecipitation and LC-MS analysis. Abnormal association between FUS-R521C and PRMT1 requires RNA, but not methyltransferase activity. PRMT1 was sequestered into cytosolic FUS-R521C-positive stress granule aggregates. Overexpression of PRMT1 rescued neurite degeneration caused by FUS-R521C upon oxidative stress, while loss of PRMT1 further accumulated FUS-positive aggregates and enhanced neurite degeneration. Furthermore, the mRNA of Nd1-L, an actin-stabilizing protein, was sequestered into the FUS-R521C/PRMT1 complex. Nd1-L overexpression rescued neurite shortening caused by FUS-R521C upon oxidative stress, while loss of Nd1-L further exacerbated neurite shortening. Altogether, these data suggest that the abnormal stable complex of FUS-R521C/PRMT1/Nd1-L mRNA could contribute to neurodegeneration upon oxidative stress. Overall, our study provides a novel pathogenic mechanism of the FUS mutation associated with abnormal protein-RNA complexes upon oxidative stress in ALS and provides insight into possible therapeutic targets for this pathology.
Glatiramer acetate attenuates the activation of CD4+ T cells by modulating STAT1 and −3 signaling in glia
Authors: Ahn Ye-Hyeon , Jeon Sae-Bom , Chang Chi Young , Goh Eun-Ah , Kim Sang Soo , Kim Ho Jin , Song Jaewhan , Park Eun Jung 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInteractions between immune effector cells of the central nervous system appear to directly or indirectly influence the progress/regression of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we report that glial STAT1 and −3 are distinctively phosphorylated following the interaction of activated lymphocytes and glia, and this effect is significantly inhibited by glatiramer acetate (GA), a disease-modifying drug for MS. GA also reduces the activations of STAT1 and −3 by MS-associated stimuli such as IFNγ or LPS in primary glia, but not neurons. Experiments in IFNγ- and IFNγ receptor-deficient mice revealed that GA-induced inhibitions of STAT signaling are independent of IFNγ and its receptor. Interestingly, GA induces the expression levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 and −3, representative negative regulators of STAT signaling in glia. We further found that GA attenuates the LPS-triggered enhancement of IL-2, a highly produced cytokine in patients with active MS, in CD4+ T cells co-cultured with glia, but not in CD4+ T cells alone. Collectively, these results provide that activation of glial STATs is an essential event in the interaction between glia and T cells, which is a possible underlying mechanism of GA action in MS. These findings provide an insight for the development of targeted therapies against MS.