bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Wellbore Liquid-Content in Liquid Loading Gas Wells Using the Concept of Characteristic Velocity
Authors: Gaol A. H. , Valkó P. P. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The standard models of liquid loading in gas wells relate the "onset of liquid loading" to the concept of "critical gas velocity". As a mechanistic multiphase-flow concept, the critical gas velocity would be the smallest velocity of the upward flowing gas still providing enough drag to rule out liquid accumulation in the wellbore. The richness of the related phenomena in the gas field, however, comes from the interaction of multiphase-flow in the well and in the reservoir. The concept of critical gas velocity (or rate) is in fact misleading, because steady state upward flow of a gas-liquid mixture can happen at arbitrary low gas velocities, if the inlet boundary condition is constant-rate type. In addition, the actual transient liquid accumulation processes are virtually impossible to reproduce under laboratory conditions. Therefore, transforming laboratory observations directly into onset prediction models – however often it is done – has not lead to major breakthrough in comparison to what the pioneering "critical gas rate" models could already offer. In contrast, our work focuses on improvements in determining the overall liquid-content in the wellbore, and in assessing the strongly related flowing bottomhole pressure. Since in typical gas wells we still have to rely on observations at the wellhead, we look for a method which is capable to detect the gradual increase of the overall liquid-content in the wellbore, way before the actual liquid loading phenomena become obvious. The approach presented here relies on an empirical correlation that was originally developed to predict the liquid hold-up for multiphase upward flow affected by partial flow reversal in long vertical pipes. In general, the correlation can be used as an alternative method for calculating the gravitational component of the pressure difference between wellhead and bottomhole. Regarding the other components (friction and acceleration related) we rely on accepted industry standards. We show that our method provides better accuracy for bottomhole pressure calculation, using published data for 78 vertical gas wells. Then we make some recommendations for applying the method for deviated well sections.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Core Aging on Fluid Distribution in Middle Bakken Cores
Authors: Karimi Somayeh , Saidian Milad , Kazemi Hossein 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Formation wettability is a critical parameter when designing enhanced oil recovery (EOR) for field applications both in conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In this study, we focused on one unconventional resource only—the Bakken. Specifically, we conducted laboratory experiments in five clean Middle Bakken cores having different initial fluid saturations to determine (1) where the fluids reside within the pores, and (2) the effect of aging on wettability change.
The experimental protocol included measuring porosity and permeability of five clean Middle Bakken cores. We saturated three cores with Bakken oil only, aged the cores at 180°F and 2,500 psi pressure for four weeks, and stored them in crude oil for one year at ambient laboratory conditions. Next, we used synthetic brine to produce oil from the aged cores by spontaneous imbibition in Amott cell; then, we produced additional oil with high-speed centrifuge.
For the remaining two cores, we saturated them with synthetic brine, displaced the brine with crude oil using centrifuge, and stored the cores in crude oil at ambient laboratory conditions for four months; then, we measured oil production from the cores by imbibition in Amott cell. For all the cores, we conducted NMR measurements after each fluid saturation/desaturation experiment to determine the effect of aging time and temperature on the core wettability and fluid distribution in the pores.
The experimental results indicated that Bakken crude, in absence of formation brine, did not alter the wettability of cores to oil-wet. NMR measurements indicated that brine resides in smaller pores and as a brine film on grains regardless of aging time, and the core fluids redistributed with time indicating a strong rock-fluid interaction. Finally, the analysis of oil production indicated the preponderance of chemical osmosis over imbibition as the mechanism of oil displacement.
Comparison of the humoral response between sheep vaccinated with a killed-virus vaccine and those vaccinated with a modified-live virus vaccine against bluetongue virus serotype 17
Authors: Speiser Kelsie L. , Schumaker Brant A. , Cook Walter E. , Cornish Todd E. , Cammack Kristi M. , Miller Myrna M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the humoral response between sheep vaccinated with a killed-virus (KV) vaccine and those vaccinated with a modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine against bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 17.
DESIGN Randomized clinical trial followed by a field trial.
ANIMALS 30 yearling crossbred ewes (phase 1) and 344 sheep from 7 Wyoming farms (phase 2).
PROCEDURES In phase 1, ewes seronegative for anti-BTV antibodies received sterile diluent (control group; n = 10) or an MLV (10) or KV (10) vaccine against BTV-17 on day 0. Ewes in the KV group received a second dose of the vaccine on day 21. Ewes were bred 5 months after vaccination and allowed to lamb. Anti-BTV antibodies were measured in ewes at predetermined times after vaccination and in their lambs once at 5 to 10 days after birth. In phase 2, 248 commercial sheep were screened for anti-BTV antibodies and vaccinated with a KV vaccine against BTV-17 on day 0. Sheep seronegative for anti-BTV antibodies on day 0 (n = 90) underwent follow-up serologic testing on day 365 along with 96 unvaccinated cohorts (controls).
RESULTS In phase 1, all vaccinated ewes developed anti-BTV antibodies by 14 days after vaccination and remained seropositive for 1 year; all of their lambs were also seropositive. All control ewes and lambs were seronegative. In phase 2, the prevalence of vaccinated sheep with anti-BTV antibodies 1 year after vaccination was 93% and 76% as determined by a serum neutralization assay and competitive ELISA, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both vaccines induced antibodies against BTV-17 that persisted for at least 1 year and provided passive immunity for lambs and may be a viable option to protect sheep against disease.
Investigating organic multilayers by spectroscopic ellipsometry: specific and non-specific interactions of polyhistidine with NTA self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Solano Ilaria , Parisse Pietro , Cavalleri Ornella , Gramazio Federico , Casalis Loredana , Canepa Maurizio 
Published: April 2016

Background: A versatile strategy for protein–surface coupling in biochips exploits the affinity for polyhistidine of the nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) group loaded with Ni(II). Methods based on optical reflectivity measurements such as spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) allow for label-free, non-invasive monitoring of molecule adsorption/desorption at surfaces.Results: This paper describes a SE study about the interaction of hexahistidine (His6) on gold substrates functionalized with a thiolate self-assembled monolayer bearing the NTA end group. By systematically applying the difference spectra method, which emphasizes the small changes of the ellipsometry spectral response upon the nanoscale thickening/thinning of the molecular film, we characterized different steps of the process such as the NTA-functionalization of Au, the adsorption of the His6 layer and its eventual displacement after reaction with competitive ligands. The films were investigated in liquid, and ex situ in ambient air. The SE investigation has been complemented by AFM measurements based on nanolithography methods (nanografting mode).Conclusion: Our approach to the SE data, exploiting the full spectroscopic potential of the method and basic optical models, was able to provide a picture of the variation of the film thickness along the process. The combination of δΔi+1,i(λ), δΨi+1,i(λ) (layer-addition mode) and δΔ†i',i+1(λ), δΨ†i',i+1(λ) (layer-removal mode) difference spectra allowed us to clearly disentangle the adsorption of His6 on the Ni-free NTA layer, due to non specific interactions, from the formation of a neatly thicker His6 film induced by the Ni(II)-loading of the NTA SAM.
Cancer en phase avancée et obstination déraisonnable
Authors: Misset Jean-Louis 
Published: April 2016

Avec le développement des thérapeutiques médicales, la maladie cancéreuse parvenue au stade d’incurabilité évolue de plus en plus souvent selon un mode chronique, avec des épisodes de progression de la maladie séparés par des périodes de rémission, et ce sur plusieurs années. Au stade terminal, le patient est le plus souvent conscient, parfois valide et pourvu d’une certaine autonomie. Ces diverses caractéristiques rendent très difficile la détermination de la « fin de vie » et la mise en œuvre du concept d’« obstination déraisonnable » défini par la loi Leonetti.
Découverte d’une malformation de membre
Authors: Brennetot Naïma 
Published: April 2016

L’annonce d’une malformation de membre chez le fœtus arrive comme une effraction violente dans l’imaginaire des futurs parents. Face à l’angoisse qu’elle suscite, la consultation anténatale propose un accompagnement pluridisciplinaire, organisé de manière à favoriser les échanges dans un climat de confiance. Ce qui s’y joue a valeur d’action préventive à part entière : pour le couple bien sûr, mais aussi pour les professionnels, voire pour l’enfant à venir.
Sémantique distributionnelle en linguistique de corpus
Authors: Heylen Kris , Bertels Ann 
Published: April 2016

Dans le domaine du Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles (TALN), les modèles sémantiques distributionnels sont les piliers pour modéliser la sémantique lexicale à grande échelle (Turney & Pantel 2010). Ils sont fondés sur le calcul de la proximité sémantique entre mots sur la base des contextes partagés. La modélisation distributionnelle permet aux linguistes d’appuyer leurs analyses sur de grandes quantités de données authentiques et d’élargir la base empirique, pour ainsi détecter des motifs sémantiques intéressants (Geeraerts, 2010 : 165-178). Dans cet article, nous procédons à une présentation non technique de la modélisation sémantique distributionnelle et nous discutons une application lexicologique pour l’analyse de la polysémie. Finalement, nous présentons une méthode de visualisation qui permet aux experts humains d’interpréter les structures sémantiques cernées par les modèles distributionnels.
La traduction comme partage d’une instabilité originaire
Authors: Van Rooden Aukje 
Published: April 2016

Dans cet article, l’auteur se concentre sur le raisonnement donné par Blanchot dans l’essai « Traduire » consacré au texte célèbre « La tâche du traducteur » de Benjamin. Elle montre que la conception de la traduction développée par Blanchot a motivé ses efforts pour l’édition de la Revue Internationale . L’auteur avance que cette revue était une tentative de penser et de construire autrement la communauté, non pas dans le giron d’une seule langue partagée, mais entre les langues.
Décorum migratoire pour fable sociale
Authors: Damont Nicolas , Pégard Olivier 
Published: April 2016

Le lien entre football et immigration ne se résume pas à l’accueil des footballeurs étrangers, mais renvoie à la société française dans son ensemble dès lors que des joueurs « issus de l’immigration » entrent en scène. Et quand une crise éclate au sein d’une équipe qu’on a rêvé en couleur, l’attachement des joueurs à la France est interrogé et la couleur de la peau fait problème. Ces questions traversent aussi les centres de formation, voie d’entrée obligatoire pour des jeunes qui visent le terrain professionnel.
Bleus et beurs ?
Authors: Blanchard Emmanuel 
Published: April 2016

Le sport, et le football en particulier, sont généralement érigés en exemples quand il s’agit d’insister sur les vertus « intégratrices » de certaines activités et institutions. L’équipe de France de football est ainsi considérée comme la vitrine d’un « creuset français » au sein duquel se seraient successivement fondus les descendants des principales composantes de l’immigration ouvrière. Au-delà des exemples constamment brandis, une analyse des effectifs de l’équipe de France montre que les descendants d’Algériens ont été bien peu nombreux à être appelés chez les « Bleus ». Les rares élus ont d’ailleurs régulièrement vu la sincérité de leur patriotisme mise en cause.
Protection des mineurs ou discrimination ?
Authors: Daadouch Christophe 
Published: April 2016

En 2009, à la demande d’un club de football amateur parisien, la Ligue des droits de l’Homme alertait différentes autorités sur les pratiques discriminatoires à l’égard de joueurs mineurs étrangers sous couvert d’une législation protectrice édictée par les instances internationales du football. Si les abus dont sont victimes des milliers de jeunes étrangers rêvant de jouer dans des clubs européens sont réels, peut-on pour autant pénaliser les pratiques amateurs ?
Graft Copolymerization of Methlymethacrylate on Lignin Produced from Agricultural Wastes
Authors: Omotoso Mopelola Abeke , Ajagun Samuel Oluwatosin 
Published: April 2016

<p>Lignin was isolated from banana pseudo stem, palm frond and coconut husk. The moisture content of the banana pseudo stem and palm frond was determined gravimetrically. The lignin was isolated by alkaline hydrolysis with NaOH followed by precipitation with 72% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. The isolated lignin was then copolymerized with methyl methacrylate via free radical mechanism. The lignin and the corresponding copolymers were characterised by FTIR analysis.</p><p>The lignin content in banana pseudo stem, palm frond and coconut husk were respectively 16%, 14% and 13% while the grafting percentage of the corresponding lignin with methlymethacrylate (MMA) are 24%, 21% and 19%. These implied that production of lignin from agricultural wastes could reduce the latter solid wastes.</p><p>The FTIR analysis of the different lignin showed important peaks such as O-H band between 3433 cm<sup>-1 </sup>and 3450 cm<sup>-1</sup>; C=C band around 1515 cm<sup>-1 </sup>was absent in palm frond lignin; and C=O band was only observed in coconut husk lignin at 1696 cm<sup>-1</sup>. There was a significant difference in the absorption band of the C-O (ether) of the lignin between 1107 cm<sup>-1</sup>and 1198 cm<sup>-1</sup>. The shift in the absorption peaks in the spectra of the isolated lignin for the different sources of the lignin and the grafting percentage corroborate the fact that the properties and composition of lignin depend on the source of the lignin. The FTIR analysis of the copolymers also showed two prominent peaks for C=O band between 1680 cm<sup>-1 </sup>and 1708 cm<sup>-1</sup>; and C-O (ester) between 1220 cm<sup>-1 </sup>and 1320 cm<sup>-1 </sup>that were absent in the lignin. <sup> </sup>These confirm the presence of the acrylate functional groups.</p>
With or without you: does partner satisfaction and partner-directed violence influence the presence of a partner on women’s Facebook cover profile photographs?
Authors: Prokop Pavol , Morvayová Natália , Fedor Peter 
Published: April 2016

<p>Social network sites (SNSs) provide new opportunities for online self-presentation of millions of users. The cover profile photograph (CPP) along with written information regarding relationship status is a central component of online self-presentation, although their associations with actual romantic relationships are not clear. We investigated relationships between the presence of a current romantic partner on the CPP and the displayed relationship status and partner satisfaction, partner-directed violence and women’s intrasexual competition with peers. A total of 28 % of the 158 women with a Facebook profile and being involved in a romantic relationship had their romantic partners on their CPP. As predicted, women with their partners on the CPP were more satisfied with their romantic relationship than others. Furthermore, women who did not have their partner on the CPP tended to conceal or lie in their displayed mating status suggesting that this may be a strategy how to attract another potential mate. The partner-directed violence and intrasexual competition hypotheses were not supported. Overall, the CPP and an honestly displayed relationship status is an expression of relationship satisfaction amongst women. </p>
Action-Emotion Style, Learning Approach and Coping Strategies, in Undergraduate University Students
Authors: De la Fuente Jesús , Martínez-Vicente José Manuel , Salmerón José Luis , Vera Manuel M. , Cardelle-Elawar María 
Published: April 2016

<p>Action-Emotion Style (AES) is an affective-motivational construct that describes the achievement motivation that is characteristic of students in their interaction with stressful situations. Using elements from the Type-A Behavior Pattern (TABP), characteristics of competitiveness and overwork occur in different combinations with emotions of impatience and hostility, leading to a classification containing five categories of action-emotion style (Type B, Impatient-hostile type, Medium type, Competitive-Overworking type and Type A). The objective of the present research is to establish how characteristics of action-emotion style relate to learning approach (deep and surface approaches) and to coping strategies (emotion-focused and problem-focused). The sample was composed of 225 students from the Psychology degree program. Pearson correlation analyses, ANOVAs and MANOVAs were used. Results showed that competitiveness-overwork characteristics have a significant positive association with the deep approach and with problem-focused strategies, while impatience-hostility is thus related to surface approach and emotion-focused strategies. The level of action-emotion style had a significant main effect. The results verified our hypotheses with reference to the relationships between action-emotion style, learning approaches and coping strategies. </p>
Homelessness and Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease and Death in Veterans With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Koyama Alain K. , Nee Robert , Yu Wei , Choudhury Devasmita , Heng Fei , Cheung Alfred K. , Cho Monique E. , Norris Keith C. , Yan Guofen 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceAdults experiencing homelessness in the US face numerous challenges, including the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The extent of a potentially greater risk of adverse health outcomes in the population with CKD experiencing homelessness has not been adequately explored.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between a history of homelessness and the risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and death among veterans with incident CKD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2017. Participants included veterans aged 18 years and older with incident stage 3 to 5 CKD utilizing the Veterans Health Administration health care network in the US. Patients were followed-up through December 31, 2018, for the occurrence of ESKD and death. Analyses were performed from September 2022 to October 2023.ExposureHistory of homelessness, based on utilization of homeless services in the Veterans Health Administration or International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes. Homelessness was measured during the 2-year baseline period prior to the index date of incident CKD.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were ESKD, based on initiation of kidney replacement therapy, and all-cause death. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated to compare veterans with a history of homelessness with those without a history of homelessness.ResultsAmong 836 361 veterans, the largest proportion were aged 65 to 74 years (274 371 veterans [32.8%]) or 75 to 84 years (270 890 veterans [32.4%]), and 809 584 (96.8%) were male. A total of 26 037 veterans (3.1%) developed ESKD, and 359 991 (43.0%) died. Compared with veterans who had not experienced homelessness, those with a history of homelessness showed a significantly greater risk of ESKD (adjusted HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10-1.20). A greater risk of all-cause death was also observed (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.46-1.50). After further adjustment for body mass index, comorbidities, and medication use, results were attenuated for all-cause death (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.07-1.11) and were no longer significant for ESKD (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.99-1.09).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of veterans with incident stage 3 to 5 CKD, a history of homelessness was significantly associated with a greater risk of ESKD and death, underscoring the role of housing as a social determinant of health.
Birth Weight, Gestational Age, and Risk of Pediatric-Onset MASLD
Authors: Ebrahimi Fahim , Yao Jialu , Hagström Hannes , Stephansson Olof , Sun Jiangwei , Bergman David , Söderling Jonas , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceMetabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and is increasingly being diagnosed at younger ages, affecting more than one-third of young people with obesity.ObjectiveTo evaluate associations between perinatal conditions and risk of MASLD and associated progressive liver disease.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide, population-based case-control study included all biopsy-confirmed cases of MASLD in Sweden. Individuals aged 25 years or younger (hereafter, young individuals) with biopsy-proven MASLD between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2016, were matched to up to 5 general population control individuals. Granular data on maternal and perinatal characteristics were retrieved from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Data were analyzed from June 2023 to June 2024.ExposuresBirth weight (low [&amp;lt;2500 g], reference [2500 to &amp;lt;4000 g], or high [≥4000 g]), gestational age (GA), and birth weight for GA (small for GA [SGA; &amp;lt;10th percentile], appropriate for GA [10th-90th percentile], or large for GA [LGA; &amp;gt;90th percentile]), compared between patients and matched controls.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was odds of biopsy-proven MASLD and MASLD-associated progressive liver disease (ie, liver fibrosis or cirrhosis) according to birth weight, GA, and birth weight for GA, adjusted for matching factors.ResultsIn total, 165 young individuals with biopsy-proven MASLD (median age at diagnosis: 12.0 years [IQR, 4.4-16.9 years]; 100 [60.6%] male) were matched with 717 controls. There was an association between low birth weight and future development of MASLD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.05; 95% CI, 1.85-8.88) but no association between high birth weight and odds of MASLD (AOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.38-1.08) compared with the reference birth weight. An association was seen for SGA (AOR, 3.36; 95% CI, 2.00-5.64) compared with appropriate size for GA (reference category) but not for LGA (AOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.27-1.20). Progressive liver disease was more common in individuals born with low birth weight (AOR, 6.03; 95% CI, 1.66-21.87) or SGA (AOR, 4.90; 95% CI, 2.15-11.14).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this nationwide study of young individuals with biopsy-proven MASLD, low birth weight and SGA were associated with development of MASLD and progressive liver disease, suggesting a need for structured screening measures to diagnose these conditions early in high-risk individuals.