bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular solvent‐based vortex‐mixed microextraction: Determination of chiral triazole fungicide in beer samples
Authors: Zhao Wenting , Zhao Jianzhuang , Zhao Hanqing , Cao Yueyang , Liu Weitong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA supramolecular solvent composed of decanol in tetrahydrofuran/water was utilized for the simultaneous microextraction of chiral triadimefon and triadimenol in beer samples. Supramolecular solvents are nanostructured amphiphilic liquids that contain aqueous cavities, and the size of those cavities can be adjusted by the ratio of decanol, tetrahydrofuran, and water. The target analytes were mixed into the matrix sample and extracted in the supramolecular solvent phase, which was followed by separation and quantification by chiral liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The influences of some analytical parameters and matrix components were all examined. Under the optimized conditions, the method detection limits were in the range of 0.24 to 0.98 μg L−1 (at a signal/noise of 3), with relative standard deviations between 1.6 and 5.7%. The linearities of the calibration plots were between 0.5 to 50 (triadimenol) and 1.0 to 100 μg L−1 (triadimefon). When this method was applied to a spiked beer sample, the recoveries ranged from 84 to 100%.
Enantioseparation and identification for the rationalization of the environmental impact of 4 polychlorinated biphenyls
Authors: Guo Fangjie , Tang Qiaozhi , Xie Jingqian , Zhao Lu , Liu Kai , Liu Weiping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are harmful and persistent organic pollutants that have long been used in industrial manufacturing. Their persistence leads to accumulation in the food chain causing potential toxic effects. As 19 out of 78 of the chiral congeners have stable atropisomers at ambient temperature, we studied some typical enantiomers: PCB45, PCB95, PCB136, and PCB149. The chiral stationary phases OD‐H and OJ‐H were used for separation in analytic high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), as well as for collection in semi‐preparative HPLC. The resolution was optimized with respect to n‐hexane–based mobile phases, temperature, and flow rate. All pure enantiomers were recovered from semi‐preparative HPLC within 15 minutes for practical purpose. Characterization of the absolute configurations were conducted with a combination of theoretical and experimental electronic circular dichroism measurements. The enantiomers of PCB45, PCB95, PCB136, and PCB149 proved to be eluted as R > S, S > R, R > S, and S > R, respectively. Molecular structures (eg, substituent groups) and properties (eg, bond lengths, bond angles, and dipole moments) were quantitatively analyzed to understand the toxicity effect of PCBs. In summary, we have developed a well‐established methodology of collection and configuration identification for analogous PCB derivatives.
Chiroptical properties of 2,2’‐bioxirane
Authors: Daugey N. , De Rycke N. , Brotin T. , Buffeteau T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe two enantiomers of 2,2′‐bioxirane were synthesized, and their chiroptical properties were thoroughly investigated in various solvents by polarimetry, vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), and Raman optical activity (ROA). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level revealed the presence of three conformers (G+, G−, and cis) with Gibbs populations of 51, 44, and 5% for the isolated molecule, respectively. The population ratios of the two main conformers were modified for solvents exhibiting higher dielectric constants (G− form decreases whereas G+ form increases). The behavior of the specific optical rotation values with the different solvents was correctly reproduced by time‐dependent DFT calculations using the polarizable continuum model (PCM), except for the benzene for which explicit solvent model should be necessary. Finally, VCD and ROA spectra were perfectly reproduced by the DFT/PCM calculations for the Boltzmann‐averaged G+ and G− conformers.
Health care disparities among octogenarians and nonagenarians with stage III lung cancer
Authors: Cassidy Richard J. , Zhang Xinyan , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Patel Pretesh R. , Shelton Joseph W. , Tian Sibo , Nanda Ronica H. , Steuer Conor E. , Pillai Rathi N. , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Fernandez Felix G. , Force Seth D. , Gillespie Theresa W. , Curran Walter J. , Higgins Kristin A. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, the practice patterns for patients aged more than 80 years with stage III non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not well known. The purpose of the current study was to investigate factors predictive of and the impact on overall survival (OS) after concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) among patients aged ≥80 years with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III NSCLC in the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB).METHODSIn the NCDB, patients aged ≥80 years who were diagnosed with stage III NSCLC from 2004 to 2013 with complete treatment records were identified. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were generated and propensity score‐matched analysis was used.RESULTSA total of 12,641 patients met the entry criteria: 6018 (47.6%) had stage IIIA disease and 6623 (52.4%) had stage IIIB disease. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 83.0 years (range, 80‐91 years). A total of 7921 patients (62.7%) received no therapy. Black race (odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.06‐1.43) and living in a lower educated census tract of residence (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.40) were found to be associated with not receiving care, whereas treatment at an academic center (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70‐0.92) was associated with receiving cancer‐directed therapy. Receipt of no treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 2.69; 95% CI, 2.57‐2.82) or definitive radiation alone (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.24) compared with CRT was associated with worse OS. On propensity score matching, not receiving CRT was found to be associated with worse OS (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.44‐1.72).CONCLUSIONSIn this NCDB analysis, approximately 62.7% of patients aged ≥80 years with stage III NSCLC received no cancer‐directed care. Black race and living in a lower educated census tract were associated with not receiving cancer‐directed care. OS was found to be improved in patients receiving CRT. Cancer 2018;124:775‐84. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Projections of three subcortical visual centers to marmoset lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Zeater Natalie , Buzás Péter , Dreher Bogdan , Grünert Ulrike , Martin Paul R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus receives projections from visuotopically organized subcortical nuclei, in addition to inputs from the retina, visual cortices, and the thalamic reticular nucleus. Here, we study subcortical projections to the geniculate from the superior colliculus (SC) and parabigeminal nucleus (PBG) in the midbrain, and the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) in the pretectum of marmosets. Marmosets are New World diurnal foveate monkeys, and are an increasingly popular model for studying the primate visual system. Furthermore, the koniocellular geniculate layers in marmosets, unlike those in the geniculate of commonly studied diurnal Old World monkeys, are well differentiated from the parvocellular and magnocellular layers. Thus, in the present study, we have made small iontophoretic injections of the retrograde tracer microruby, targeted to the koniocellular layers in the geniculates of four marmosets. We found direct projections from the ipsilateral SC, PBG, and NOT to the koniocellular geniculate layers. The distribution of retrogradely labeled cells in the superficial, visual layers of SC is consistent with the idea that projections from the SC to the koniocellular layers are visuotopically organized. A little over 20 years ago, Vivien Casagrande () introduced the idea that koniocellular geniculate layers (rather than the parvocellular and magnocellular layers) are principal targets of visuotopically organized subcortical nuclei. Our results add to subsequent evidence assembled by Casagrande and others in favor of this hypothesis.
An adaptive hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin approach for cardiac electrophysiology
Authors: Hoermann Julia M. , Bertoglio Cristóbal , Kronbichler Martin , Pfaller Martin R. , Chabiniok Radomir , Wall Wolfgang A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCardiac electrophysiology simulations are numerically challenging because of the propagation of a steep electrochemical wave front and thus require discretizations with small mesh sizes to obtain accurate results. In this work, we present an approach based on the hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method (HDG), which allows an efficient implementation of high‐order discretizations into a computational framework. In particular, using the advantage of the discontinuous function space, we present an efficient p‐adaptive strategy for accurately tracking the wave front. The HDG allows to reduce the overall degrees of freedom in the final linear system to those only on the element interfaces. Additionally, we propose a rule for a suitable integration accuracy for the ionic current term depending on the polynomial order and the cell model to handle high‐order polynomials. Our results show that for the same number of degrees of freedom, coarse high‐order elements provide more accurate results than fine low‐order elements. Introducing p‐adaptivity further reduces computational costs while maintaining accuracy by restricting the use of high‐order elements to resolve the wave front. For a patient‐specific simulation of a cardiac cycle, p‐adaptivity reduces the average number of degrees of freedom by 95% compared to the nonadaptive model. In addition to reducing computational costs, using coarse meshes with our p‐adaptive high‐order HDG method also simplifies practical aspects of mesh generation and postprocessing.
A fast rank mutual information based decision tree and its implementation via Map‐Reduce
Authors: Mu Yashuang , Wang Lidong , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: January 2018

SummaryTo address the time‐consuming problem for the confirmation of splitting attributes and splitting points in classic rank mutual information based decision trees, this paper establishes a fast rank mutual information based decision tree (FRMIDT) for classification problems. First, the proposed FRMIDT algorithm improves the velocity by a max‐relevance and min‐redundancy criterion to remove the redundant attributes in each tree node building. Then, the fuzzy c‐means algorithm is employed to confirm the splitting points for further acceleration. Meanwhile, a parallel implementation is developed in the framework of Map‐Reduce (MR‐FRMIDT) for medium or large‐scale data classification. Several comparative studies are conducted on UCI benchmark data sets. In contrast to the classic rank mutual information based decision tree on 12 data sets, the proposed FRMIDT model effectively reduces the computational time on the premise of keeping testing accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed FRMIDT algorithm is comparable through comparing FRMIDT with other traditional decision tree classifiers including BFT, C4.5, LAD, NBT, and SC. Meanwhile, the comparison with 7 different popular splitting measures based monotonic decision trees on several data sets illustrates the effectiveness of FRMIDT in monotonic classification. At last, the experimental analysis on other 6 data sets shows that the proposed MR‐FRMIDT is feasible and has a good parallel performance on reducing execution time and avoiding memory restrictions.
Detection and defense of DDoS attack–based on deep learning in OpenFlow‐based SDN
Authors: Li Chuanhuang , Wu Yan , Yuan Xiaoyong , Sun Zhengjun , Wang Weiming , Li Xiaolin , Gong Liang 
Published: January 2018

SummaryDistributed denial of service (DDoS) is a special form of denial of service attack. In this paper, a DDoS detection model and defense system based on deep learning in Software‐Defined Network (SDN) environment are introduced. The model can learn patterns from sequences of network traffic and trace network attack activities in a historical manner. By using the defense system based on the model, the DDoS attack traffic can be effectively cleaned in Software‐Defined Network. The experimental results demonstrate the much better performance of our model compared with conventional machine learning ways. It also reduces the degree of dependence on environment, simplifies the real‐time update of detection system, and decreases the difficulty of upgrading or changing detection strategy.
Experimental estimation of snare detectability for robust threat monitoring
Authors: O'Kelly Hannah J. , Rowcliffe J. Marcus , Durant Sarah , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHunting with wire snares is rife within many tropical forest systems, and constitutes one of the severest threats to a wide range of vertebrate taxa. As for all threats, reliable monitoring of snaring levels is critical for assessing the relative effectiveness of management interventions. However, snares pose a particular challenge in terms of tracking spatial or temporal trends in their prevalence because they are extremely difficult to detect, and are typically spread across large, inaccessible areas. As with cryptic animal targets, any approach used to monitor snaring levels must address the issue of imperfect detection, but no standard method exists to do so. We carried out a field experiment in Keo Seima Wildlife Reserve in eastern Cambodia with the following objectives: (1) To estimate the detection probably of wire snares within a tropical forest context, and to investigate how detectability might be affected by habitat type, snare type, or observer. (2) To trial two sets of sampling protocols feasible to implement in a range of challenging field conditions. (3) To conduct a preliminary assessment of two potential analytical approaches to dealing with the resulting snare encounter data. We found that although different observers had no discernible effect on detection probability, detectability did vary between habitat type and snare type. We contend that simple repeated counts carried out at multiple sites and analyzed using binomial mixture models could represent a practical yet robust solution to the problem of monitoring snaring levels both inside and outside of protected areas. This experiment represents an important first step in developing improved methods of threat monitoring, and such methods are greatly needed in southeast Asia, as well as in as many other regions.
MEMS Magnetic Sensor with Bridge‐Type Resonator and Magnetostrictive Thin Film
Authors: OKADA NAOKI , SASABUCHI TAKASHI , KOIKE KUNIHIRO , MINETA TAKASHI 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYThis paper reports on fabrication and characterization of resonant‐type mechanical MEMS magnetic sensors using magnetostrictive FePd sputtered film. The sensor has a thin Si resonator bridge with a PZT piezoelectric thin film element for excitation. The resonator is pulled by other bridges with the FePd film when magnetic flux is applied. The sensor was fabricated from an SOI wafer by sol‐gel PZT deposition, FePd sputtering, and Si etching processes. The completed sensor showed a resonant peak with a Q factor of 229 at 26.39 kHz. When magnetic flux was applied along the microbridges, resonant frequency drastically decreased due to relaxation of initial deflection of the resonant bridge. Magnetic flux can be detected by resonant frequency change with a sensing resolution of 0.2 G per 0.1 Hz. When excitation frequency was fixed at slightly below the resonant frequency, amplitude of the bridge vibration slightly decreased with increasing magnetic flux in low magnetic flux region. High sensitive sensing of magnetic flux was difficult by the amplitude change. It was found that the magnetic sensor showed large thermal drift.
Stand‐scale transpiration of a Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis plantation and its potential hydrological implication
Authors: Ouyang Lei , Zhao Ping , Zhou Guangsheng , Zhu Liwei , Huang Yuqing , Zhao Xiuhua , Ni Guangyan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractQuantifying tree transpiration at a stand scale is important for understanding the hydrological impact of Eucalyptus plantations on the local water yield and water balance. In this study, we aimed to explore the seasonal and monthly changes in stand transpiration, its response to climatic factors, and hydrological impacts of a 5‐year‐old Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis plantation in Guangxi Province, Southern China. Stand‐scale transpiration (Et) and potential evapotranspiration (ETo) were determined, and seasonal sensitivity of daily Et to vapour pressure deficit was analysed by using the monitored sap flux of the E. urophylla × E. grandis plantation and the associated environmental factors during a 2‐year experimental period from June 2012 to May 2014. The results showed that the monthly Et values in the wet seasons were higher than those in the dry seasons, and a temporal Et difference was observed between the 2 years of the experiment. Generally, within a whole experimental year, the highest water consumption mainly occurred from May to August, accounting for more than 40% of the annual total, and the lowest transpiration values (approximately 10 mm) mainly occurred from January to March. This monthly variation would be partly attributed to the difference of climatic factors. Clear seasonal variations were also observed for the ETo values, the Et/ETo and the Et/P (precipitation) ratios, and the dryness index (DI, ETo/P). Compared to the wet seasons, higher ETo and DI (>1) values occurred in the dry seasons. Moreover, the linear relationships between the daily stand‐scale transpiration and vapour pressure deficit for the selected months (representing spring, summer, autumn, and winter) suggest weak stomatal control of eucalypt trees. In consideration of the short rotation practices (5–7 years), the non‐conservative character of water use of eucalypt plantation, as well as the ratios of Et/ETo, Et/P, and DI, we suggested that Eucalyptus plantations in Guangxi Province might pose a potential threat to catchment water yield and management in this region. The findings of this study will assist in managing the increasing hydrological and water resource concerns related to the rapid expansion of Eucalyptus plantations in Southern China.
Economic Evaluation of Power System Flexibility by Commercial Air Conditioner Control with Large Penetration of Photovoltaic Generation
Authors: TAKAGI KENTARO , ASANO HIROSHI , BANDO SHIGERU 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYHigh penetration of intermittent renewable energy such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind power could cause shortage of power system flexibility. Demand response is expected to help supply ancillary service instead of the conventional power plant. Commercial air conditioners are a promising responsive load for demand response because they account for a large proportion of power consumption in the power system. We calculate a system operation cost and hourly operation pattern of each power plant by using the optimal power generation model considering flexibility supply from controlling commercial air conditioner. We obtained the following results as an effect of commercial air conditioner control. (1) The power generation of oil fired power plants decreases at peak time and annual fuel cost of oil fired plant is reduced by approximately 30% at most in Kanto area. (2) The percentage of rated operation mode of LNG combined cycle plants increases. (3) Curtailed energy rate of PV decreases because a power storage amount by pumped hydropower generation increases. (4) Required battery capacity to reduce PV curtailed amount decreased by combining battery energy storage system in case of high penetration of PV.
Determination of Physical Properties and Crystallization Kinetics of Oil From Allanblackia Seeds and Shea Nuts Under Different Thermal Conditions
Authors: Badu Mercy , Awudza Johannes , Budd Peter M. , Yeates Stephen 
Published: January 2018

In this study, the fatty acid content, melting and cooling profiles, crystallization properties at different cooling rates and kinetics of crystallization of Allanblackia seed oil (ASO) and shea nut oil (SNO) are investigated. The fatty acid content is determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The melting and cooling profiles, crystallization, and crystallization kinetics are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the fat morphology is investigated using polarized light microscopy. The GC/MS results showed that ASO contains a high amount of saturated fats as compared with SNO. The DSC analysis revealed that ASO has a high melting temperature of 35.3 ± 2.1 °C and crystallizes earlier (16.8 ± 0.3 °C) in the constant rate cooling experiments. The crystallization patterns of both oils are observed to be dependent on the cooling rate. Under isothermal conditions, it is observed that both ASO and SNO shows high and low melting peaks with the low melting peak disappearing as the crystallization progressed. The Avrami model is used to estimate the crystallization kinetics of the oils under the isothermal conditions and it is inferred that ASO has a faster nucleation and subsequent crystal growth as compared with SNO. At room temperature SNO formed overlapping fat crystal particles while ASO gave distinct crystallized fat fractions during the crystallization at room temperature, as shown by the polarized light microscopy.Practical Application: The high melting temperature, the rate and the nature of crystallization of Allanblackia seed oil gives it good material functionality and desired plasticity, properties associated with possible industrial application. Additionally, the presence of high stearic acid content makes the Allanblackia seed oil a healthy choice for food, hence, it can be used as a substitute for cocoa butter in the food industry.The appearance of fat crystals during the crystallization at isothermal conditions at 16 °C of the Allanblackia seed oil.
Study of isomeric pentacyclic triterpene acids in traditional Chinese medicine of Forsythiae Fructus and their binding constants with β‐cyclodextrin by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Ren Tingjun , Xu Zhongqi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this study, a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was first developed to identify three microconstituents of isomeric pentacyclic triterpene acids (PTAs including oleanolic acid (OA), ursolic acid (UA) and betulinic acid (BA)) in Forsythiae Fructus (FF). The baseline separation of PTAs by CZE were eventually achieved in a background electrolyte (BGE) containing 50.0 mmol/L borax and 0.5 mmol/L β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) at pH 9.5 within 13.0 min. Herein, it was not only the compositions of BGE were detail investigated for rapid and good separation, but also the binding ratio and the equilibrium constants (K) for OA, UA and BA with β‐CD was estimated by double reciprocal equation to well understand the separation mechanism. The proposed method allowed the LODs of PTAs were averaged at 1.50 μg/mL with UV detection (at 200 nm). The interday RSD of migration time and peak area were around 2.0 and 4.7% (n = 5), respectively. Thus, the content of PTAs in 19 FF real samples distinguished from maturation stages and geographical areas in China was quantified with the proposed method. Depending on the amount of each PTA in FF, it was demonstrated these microconstituents might benefit to identify their harvested time even qualities.