bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitability Properties of Circumbinary Planets
Authors: Shevchenko Ivan I. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
It is shown that several habitability conditions (in fact, at least seven such conditions) appear to be fulfilled automatically by circumbinary planets of main-sequence stars (CBP-MS), whereas on Earth, these conditions are fulfilled only by chance. Therefore, it looks natural that most of the production of replicating biopolymers in the Galaxy is concentrated on particular classes of CBP-MS, and life on Earth is an outlier, in this sense. In this scenario, Lathe’s mechanism for the tidal “chain reaction” abiogenesis on Earth is favored as generic for CBP-MS, due to photo-tidal synchronization inherent to them. Problems with this scenario are discussed in detail.
Decreasing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in the Neurological Intensive Care Unit: One Unit’s Success
Authors: Richards Brenda , Sebastian Bindhu , Sullivan Hillary , Reyes Rosemarie , D’Agostino John F. , Hagerty Thomas 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDCatheter-associated urinary tract infections are preventable adverse outcomes that increase hospital morbidity, mortality, and costs. These infections are particularly prevalent in intensive care units.OBJECTIVESTo describe the success of an 18-bed neurological intensive care unit in using several nurse-implemented strategies that reduced the number of catheter-associated urinary tract infections.METHODSA prospective, interventional design with application of evidence-based practices to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections was used.RESULTSBefore implementation of the strategies, 40 catheter-associated urinary tract infections were reported for 2012 and 38 for 2013. The standardized infection ratio was 2.04 for 2012 (95% CI, 1.456–2.775) and 2.34 (95% CI, 1.522–3.312) for 2013. After implementation of the strategies, significantly fewer catheter-associated urinary tract infections were reported. In 2014, a total of 15 infections were reported, and the standardized infection ratio was less than 1.0 (95% CI, 0.685–1.900).CONCLUSIONSApplication of current evidence-based practices resulted in a substantial decrease in the number of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and a lower standardized infection ratio. These findings support current recommendations for “bundling” to maximize outcomes.
Safety of the surgeon: ‘Double-gloving’ during surgical procedures
Authors: Arowolo O. A. , Agbakwuru E. A. , Obonna G. C. , Onyia C. U. , Akinkuolie A. A. , Olaogun J. G. 
Published: June 2017

Background. In the face of increasing HIV/AIDS prevalence in subSaharan Africa, we evaluate the effectiveness of ‘double-gloving’ during surgery as a means of protecting the surgeon operating on patients with a known or unknown HIV status.Methods. A prospective study was conducted to determine the rate of glove puncture and intraoperative injury in categories of patients with known positive, known negative or unknown HIV status.Results. The surgeon and the first assistant double-gloved in all the 1 050 procedures performed between 2009 and 2013, and a total of 8 400 surgical gloves were used. Sixty-nine patients (6.6%) were HIV-positive, 29 patients (2.8%) were HIV-negative, and the HIV status was unknown for the remaining 952 patients (90.7%). The overall glove puncture rate in the study was 14.5%. The glove puncture rate was 0%, 31% and 15% for HIV-positive, HIV-negative and HIV status unknown, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant. The mean operating time in the group with glove punctures was 148 min (95% confidence interval (CI) 135 - 161), while mean operating time in the group without glove puncture was 88 min (95% CI 84 - 92). Conclusion. Double-gloving offers protection against intraoperative injury. Knowing the HIV status of the patient offers additional protection to the operating surgeon. While we recommend routine double-gloving for surgeons working in HIV-prevalent patient populations, we also advocate for the routine screening for HIV in all surgical patients.
Statistical results of an analysis of the physiotherapy departments in the Johannesburg hospital
Authors: Steenkamp H. , Warren D. , Kruger P. , Boghosi G. , Semple F. 
Published: June 2017

The health services environment in South Africa has changeddramatically during the past five years especially for state-funded hospitals in the public sector. At the Johannesburg Hospital the admission of chronic patients has increased considerably over the past five years, thus increasing the workload for the physiotherapists. In spite of the increased workload of physiotherapists the staff complement of the Physiotherapy Department has decreased from forty-one to eighteen staff members due to severe budget constraints. The radical cuts to the staffing structure prompted this investigation. This article describes the results obtained from statistical analyses of time sheets completed by the staff over a six-month period to determine whether the staff complement was adequate.The approach followed with the statistical analysis was to use confidence intervals to compare the standard treatment times with the actual treatment times. Hypothesis testing was used to determine whether it would be possible to standardise treatment times for similar treatments in different treatment areas. The required capacity was calculated based on the amount of time spent on direct patient care by the physiotherapists during the six-month period.
Are physiotherapy graduates adequately prepared to to manage hiv/aids patients
Authors: Puckree T. , Chetty B. J. , Govender V. , Ramparsad S. , Lin J. 
Published: June 2017

Physiotherapy learners treat patients with Human Immuno-deficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). There is no available published research on physiotherapy learners' opinions about how the South Afican physiotherapy undergraduate program is helping them cope with HIV/AIDS patients. This study determines whether the physiotherapy degree offered at South African Universities, adequately prepares learners to cope with HIV/AIDS patients. Differences in knowledge and attitudes of physiotherapy learners regarding HIV/AIDS, amongst universities is also explored. Two hundred and two senior physiotherapy learners from eight South African universities returned their questionnaires and 55% of these were viable for analysis. A large portion (79%) of learners indicated that the physiotherapy undergraduate degree did not adequately prepare them to cope with HIV/AIDS patients. Learners' knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS differed significantly (41% to 73%) amongst universities. Formal lectures on HIV/AIDS significantly affected knowledge (0% -100%) but not attitude towards patients. The role of the physiotherapist, precautions, transmission modes, syndrome stages, counseling and clinical skills were considered critical in the management of HIV/AIDS patients.
The use of portfolios for continuing assessment of physiotherapy students in clinical practice settings
Authors: Naidoo N. 
Published: June 2017

Many and varied methods of assessment are used to evaluate undergraduate physiotherapy students. Different modes of assessment occur as a result of contrasting educational theories and because the purpose of assessment is variable. In this era of performance assessment related to the students’ mastery of the core curriculum, portfolios can enhance the assessment process by revealing a range of skills and understandings. This fits snugly into the physiotherapy curriculum for undergraduate continuous assessment purposes. Portfolio assessment can facilitate more reflection on students’ learning, more ownership of learning and more awareness of self-development. This supports the South African Qualifications Authority’s objective for higher education of reflection and life-long learning in our students. This article presents discussion on the use of portfolios in physiotherapy student learning and assessment in clinical practice.
Intergrating injury screening with measurement and monitoring: a conceptual approach using a patient global assessment of the body and limbs scale
Authors: Gabel P. , Bardin L. , Burkett B. , Neller A. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: To develop a conceptual model for patients withmusculoskeletal injuries that relates Injury Screening to Measurement and Monitoring (ISMAM). Screening scores would predict quantifiable outcomes on a proposed Global Assessment of Body And Limbs (GABAL) composite scale. The scale would define status as a percentage of pre-injury capacity using quantitative and qualitative self report outcome measures combined with work and life status data. Background: Screening questionnaires use psychosocial yellow flags and activity limitation to identify potential chronic patients. Outcome measures provide clinical evidence by establishing patient status and assessing intervening change. Independently developed,definitive statistical links between these established concepts are yet to be determined. Description: The ISMAM components are integrated using a graph of time versus score on the GABAL-scale with initial screening predicting recovery time to a designated pre-injury percentage level. Actual status would be assessed through initial then subsequent sequential measurements with GABAL-scale scores enabling trendline analysis to verify if the rate of actual recovery coincides with that predicted by screening. Observations: Face and content validity are apparent because validated screening tools are available and the requiredcomponents for the GABAL-scale would be existing validated outcome measures and quantifiable data.Conclusions: This model should provide a practical method of integrating screening and global measurement thatfacilitates communication across agencies and professions. A clinical research trial to validate the ISMAM concepthas been initiated.
Health education needs among individuals with low back pain
Authors: Nyagah Julius Ng'uurah 
Published: June 2017

Lack of positive results from many of the health-education programmes for patients with low-back pain (LBP) is possibly due to the type of health information that may have been presented and the method that had been used. The present study sought to explore health-education needs among individuals with LBP. A qualitative approach that utilised in-depth interviews and a focus-group discussion was used. Data was drawn from ten participants attending physiotherapy treatment due to a non-specific LBP at the Nairobi Hospital Rehabilitation Unit, using purposive sampling. A thematic analysis procedure was used to analyse the data. The study found the participants’ health education needs to be incongruent with the medical professionals’ assumptions of what the patients’ health education needs were. Deficiencies in explanation of the cause, diagnosis, prognosis, and the appropriate use of health services were found. The findings suggest that a more encompassing model of health education was believed to be more fitting. Since the findings indicate that the individuals with LBP require health education on various aspects, a Rehabilitative Model of health education was probably more pertinent to the individuals. That way, a more encompassing, all-inclusive model of health education would cover on the aspects that were currently neglected.
The The abdominal muscles – a functional review
Authors: Puckree T. 
Published: June 2017

The role of the abdominal muscles in human function as wellas their physiological mechanisms for these has been the subject of an increasing volume of reported research for more than 20 years. The abdominal muscles participate in a wide range of diverse functional tasks.These include breathing, postural stability, expulsive maneuvers and speech control. To perform these functions effectively and often concurrently, based on demand, the muscles are anatomically, physiologically and biochemical suited. The idea that the abdominal muscles function as a unit has been dispelled by many scientific reports. It is now known that they function differentially as individual muscles and also differentially at the motor unit level. Regional differences in the activation patterns of these muscles are also known. In addition the motor units within muscles are functionally organized to either subserve a specific function or more than one function. Knowledge of the functional organization of the abdominal muscles is critical to any rehabilitation process especially since rehabilitation is holistic and strives to achieve functional goals. This functional review is based on current scientific evidence for the multi functionality of all abdominal muscles. Literature based on animal studies has been excluded as far as is possible.
Effect of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) on hormones profile in subjects with primary dysmenorrhoea - a preliminary study
Authors: Akinbo S. R. A. , Tella B. A. , Olisah A. J. , Ajayi G. O. , Alamu D. , Oshundiya B. 
Published: June 2017

Background & Objective: Primary dysmenorrhoea (PD) is definedas the occurrence of painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin which occurs in the absence of any underlying disease. The pathogenesis is unclear, but uterine hyperactivity, elevated prostaglandin and leukotrienes levels, and hormonal level fluctuations have all been implicated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TENS on the hormones cortisol and prolactin in individuals with PD.Methods: Plasma levels of cortisol and prolactin were studied in twenty-one (21) subjects with PD by obtaining blood samples from each subject pre-and post-TENS therapy on the first day of menstruation. The mean age of subjects was 23 (+ 2) years. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess the pre-and post-treatment pain intensity. The TENS unit was applied for a duration of 30 minutes.Results: A paired t-test showed that there was an overall reduction in the mean cortisol and prolactin from pre treatment values of 28.45µg/dl ((5.27) and 56.81ng/ml ((31.86) to post treatment values of 27.33µg/dl ((5.13) and 53.23ng/ml ((37.63) respectively. However, these differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Pain intensity was significantly reduced comparing pre and post treatment VAS scores (P = 0.001).Conclusion: The probable mechanism by which TENS effected alterations in cortisol and prolactin levels and pain reduction in subjects with PD might be through the opioid-modulating analgesia system, which releases B-endorphins and other endogenous opiates in response to pain. This is because there is a close relationship between B-endorphin, cortisol and neurons, which secrete dopamine into the hypothalamic-pituitary-portal system.
High prevalence of urinary incontinence and poor knowledge of pelvic floor exercises among women in a health district in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Madombwe J.P. , Knight S.E. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and health seeking behaviour of women with urinary incontinence andtheir knowledge of pelvic floor exercises, in a health district in KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study design was used. BetweenSeptember 2005 and November 2005, a questionnaire was administered to 99 womenaged 21 – 76 years at randomly selected from. Results: The study found that the prevalence of the urinary incontinence was 35% (95% Confidence Interval, 26 to 45). The most common type of incontinencewas stress urinary incontinence, 63% (95% CI, 46 to 79). Of the 99 women, 32%(95% CI, 23 to 42) had heard of pelvic floor muscle exercises, while only 18% (95%CI, 11 – 26) had actually carried out the intervention. Of the 35 women with urinary incontinence, 26% had soughtprofessional help, the most common reason for seeking help being a worsening in condition.Conclusion: The prevalence of urinary incontinence in KwaZulu-Natal is high, knowledge of urinary incontinenceas a disease and its management, among both women and health service providers is poor.
How compliant are beverage employees to occupational health and safety regulations?
Authors: Chetty L. , Jelsma J. , Maart S. 
Published: June 2017

This observational study was undertaken to identify thehealth and safety violations of employees at a specific beverage manufac-turing company. A site inspection and observation of all employees employedat this specific beverage company was conducted by the researcher over 2 days. Employees were observed for 12 hours per day with the morningshift on Day 1 and the afternoon shift on Day 2. A sample of conveniencewas used in that every employee who was present on those days was included. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data set. There were a total of 212 employees and 332 behaviours observed during thisstudy period. Unsafe handling and behaviour was observed in 55% of observations. Incorrect manual lifting techniques was the most frequent health and safety violation observed. In the 48 manual lifting behaviours observed, correct practice was observed in only three cases. It is clear thatmore healthcare education and practical training is required in the area of manual lifting techniques. It is clear that more practical training is required in the area of manual handling.
The profile of people reporting with low back pain to a resource poor clinic in Cape Town
Authors: Yates D.L. , Jelsma J.M. , Parker R.E. 
Published: June 2017

In order to provide targeted information regarding understanding and management of low back pain (LBP), it is necessary to understand the life situation of patients. The objective of this study was to develop a profile of patients with LBP seeking care in an under-resourced area of Cape Town.The subjects were all patients attending a community health centre with a primary diagnosis of LBP. A self-designed questionnaire was used to gather relevant information such as BMI, smoking, physical activities at home and work and potentially stressful life events. Questions about perceptions of LBP, the role of health personnel, income and employment were included. Subjects could also identify which information they would like to be given by their health care providers. Fifty subjects were interviewed, 74% were female. The mean ages were 50.7 years (SD 14.0) and 54.1 years (SD 15.1) for males and females respectively. There was a high prevalence of smoking and obesity, low levels of education, and many reported high stress levels. There were a high percentage of manual workers and the nature of their activities could put them at risk for development and exacerbation of LBP. Few people knew what to expect with regard to the likely outcome of their pain and the majority identified the need for communication about the duration, prognosis, implications and management of LBP. Conclusion: A profile developed of the typical LBP patient in this community provided valuable information, which can be utilized to develop appropriate intervention strategies.
Undergraduate physiotherapy students’ knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for education
Authors: Steyl T. 
Published: June 2017

Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern and its prevalence is escalating exponentially, with a high frequency of morbidity, premature mortality, disability and loss of productivity. Since health education has become an important part of medical care physiotherapy students are potentially well suited to assist with the combat of this disease. The study aimed to determine the knowledge of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors of undergraduate physiotherapy students in the Western Cape. The study incorporated a quantitative, cross-sectional design. Three hundred and thirty eight (338) students completed the structured, self-administered questionnaire consisting of three sections, namely socio-demographic information, diabetes mellitus risk factors and the validated 24-item diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (dKQ-24). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed and the alpha level was set at p < 0.05. overall, 60.7% of the study sample had adequate knowledge of diabetes mellitus (≥ 75% correct answers), while 32.5% and 6.8% had marginal (≥60 ≤ 74% correct answers) and inadequate knowledge (<59% correct answers) respectively. Seven of the nine diabetes mellitus risk factors could readily be identified by 89.7% of the participants. Smoking (64.8%) and high blood pressure (69.0%) were not readily identified as common diabetes mellitus risk factors. Significant associations with diabetes risk factors were found for gender and year of study. The study has reinforced the need for continuous education of physiotherapy students regarding diabetes mellitus and its risk factors, as inadequate knowledge of diabetes mellitus could influence the effectiveness of patient education and therefore have dangerous consequences for the patient diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.
Seasonal co-variability of surface downwelling longwave radiation for the 1982–2009 period in the Arctic
Authors: Boccolari Mauro , Parmiggiani Flavio 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Trends and variability of the Arctic sea ice extent depend on various physical processes, including those related to changes in radiative fluxes, which are associated with cloudiness and water vapour and, in turn, with the atmospheric moisture transport over the Arctic. Aim of this work was: (i) to extract seasonal spatial patterns of the co-variability between the sea ice concentration (SIC) and the surface downwelling longwave radiation (SDL) in the Arctic Ocean during the 1982–2009 period; and (ii) to estimate the correlation coefficients between these patterns and the indices associated to some climate oscillation modes (AO, NAO, PNA, PDO and AMO). Maximum Covariance Analysis (MCA) was the main technique used in this study. Among our results, we highlight two areas of maximum co-variability SIC/SDL centered over the Barents Sea in winter and over the Chukchi Sea in summer. In addition, some statistically significant correlations (at 95 %) between the spatial patterns of co-variability and climate oscillation indices were assessed, e.g. with PDO and AMO in November–January, with NAO and AMO in May–July, and with PNA in August–October.
A implantação da consulta de enfermagem ao paciente com insuficiência cardíaca
Authors: Cavalcanti Ana Carla Dantas , Correia Dayse Mary da Silva , Queluci Gisella De Carvalho 
Published: June 2017

Trata-se de relato de experiência do Projeto de Extensão “Consulta de Enfermagem ao Paciente com Insuficiência Cardíaca” (IC), desenvolvido com o apoio do Curso de Mestrado em Ciências Cardiovasculares e do Núcleo de Fundamentos de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal Fluminense(RJ). Tem como objetivo descrever sua implementação enquanto modalidade adequada e eficaz, para proporcionar ensino, pesquisa e assistência. O projeto é constituído das seguintes atividades: consulta de enfermagem baseada em NANDA-NIC-NOC(NNN); triagem, educação em saúde na sala de espera, desenvolvidas por docentes, enfermeiros e acadêmicos de enfermagem. O processo de cuidar permeia a identificação e compreensão das respostas dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca aos problemas de saúde reais e potenciais facilitando a escolha de intervenções de enfermagem. Assim, estimula medidas farmacológicas e não-farmacológicas que se propõem a melhorar a qualidade de vida e aderência ao tratamento através de educação em saúde.