bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Dimensional Visualization of Human Cardiac Conduction Tissue in Whole Heart Specimens by High-Resolution Phase-Contrast CT Imaging Using Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Shinohara Gen , Morita Kiyozo , Hoshino Masato , Ko Yoshihiro , Tsukube Takuro , Kaneko Yukihiro , Morishita Hiroyuki , Oshima Yoshihiro , Matsuhisa Hironori , Iwaki Ryuma , Takahashi Masashi , Matsuyama Takaaki , Hashimoto Kazuhiro , Yagi Naoto 
Published: November 2016

Background: The feasibility of synchrotron radiation-based phase-contrast computed tomography (PCCT) for visualization of the atrioventricular (AV) conduction axis in human whole heart specimens was tested using four postmortem structurally normal newborn hearts obtained at autopsy. Methods: A PCCT imaging system at the beamline BL20B2 in a SPring-8 synchrotron radiation facility was used. The PCCT imaging of the conduction system was performed with “virtual” slicing of the three-dimensional reconstructed images. For histological verification, specimens were cut into planes similar to the PCCT images, then cut into 5-μm serial sections and stained with Masson’s trichrome. Results: In PCCT images of all four of the whole hearts of newborns, the AV conduction axis was distinguished as a low-density structure, which was serially traceable from the compact node to the penetrating bundle within the central fibrous body, and to the branching bundle into the left and right bundle branches. This was verified by histological serial sectioning. Conclusion: This is the first demonstration that visualization of the AV conduction axis within human whole heart specimens is feasible with PCCT.
Principles for discharging patients from acute care: a scoping review of policy
Authors: Lees-Deutsch Liz , Yorke Janelle , Caress Ann-Louise 
Published: November 2016

Background: Acute medicine units (AMUs) are part of acute hospital care, where length of patient stay is short and turnover is high. Expediting patient discharge safely is a major function of AMUs, which need up-to-date bespoke guidance. Aim: To carry out a scoping review of UK discharge policy to critically consider, compare and contrast the relevant discharge policies and guidance that underpin the assessment of acute patient discharge. Objectives: To inform the production of bespoke patient discharge guidance for AMUs. Design and stages: Identify the review questions; identify relevant studies; select the studies; chart the data; collate, summarise and report the results. Findings: 28 patient discharge policy guidelines were identified that had no specific guidance for patient discharge from AMUs. New bespoke principles for AMUs were created through a pragmatic interpretation of current relevant policies. Conclusion: There is a gap in specific patient discharge guidance for AMUs. New guidance should contribute in practice to improve patient discharge.
Measuring the effect of femoral malrotation on knee joint biomechanics for total knee arthroplasty using computational simulation
Authors: Kang K-T. , Koh Y-G. , Son J. , Kwon O-R. , Baek C. , Jung S. H. , Park K. K. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesMalrotation of the femoral component can result in post-operative complications in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), including patellar maltracking. Therefore, we used computational simulation to investigate the influence of femoral malrotation on contact stresses on the polyethylene (PE) insert and on the patellar button as well as on the forces on the collateral ligaments.Materials and MethodsValidated finite element (FE) models, for internal and external malrotations from 0° to 10° with regard to the neutral position, were developed to evaluate the effect of malrotation on the femoral component in TKA. Femoral malrotation in TKA on the knee joint was simulated in walking stance-phase gait and squat loading conditions.ResultsContact stress on the medial side of the PE insert increased with internal femoral malrotation and decreased with external femoral malrotation in both stance-phase gait and squat loading conditions. There was an opposite trend in the lateral side of the PE insert case. Contact stress on the patellar button increased with internal femoral malrotation and decreased with external femoral malrotation in both stance-phase gait and squat loading conditions. In particular, contact stress on the patellar button increased by 98% with internal malrotation of 10° in the squat loading condition. The force on the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) increased with internal and external femoral malrotations, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings provide support for orthopaedic surgeons to determine a more accurate femoral component alignment in order to reduce post-operative PE problems. Cite this article: K-T. Kang, Y-G. Koh, J. Son, O-R. Kwon, C. Baek, S. H. Jung, K. K. Park. Measuring the effect of femoral malrotation on knee joint biomechanics for total knee arthroplasty using computational simulation. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:552–559. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.511.BJR-2016-0107.R1.
Rule-In and Rule-Out of Myocardial Infarction Using Cardiac Troponin and Glycemic Biomarkers in Patients with Symptoms Suggestive of Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Shortt Colleen , Ma Jinhui , Clayton Natasha , Sherbino Jonathan , Whitlock Richard , Pare Guillaume , Hill Stephen A , McQueen Matthew , Mehta Shamir R , Devereaux P J , Worster Andrew , Kavsak Peter A 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Early rule-in/rule-out of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) is important for patient care and resource allocation. Given that dysglycemia is a strong risk factor for MI, we sought to explore and compare different combinations of cardiac troponin (cTn) cutoffs with glycemic markers for the early rule-in/rule-out of MI.

METHODS
We included ED patients (n = 1137) with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who had cTnI, high-sensitivity cTnI (hs-cTnI), hs-cTnT, glucose, and hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) measurements. We derived rule-in/rule-out algorithms using different combinations of ROC-derived and literature cutoffs for rule-in and rule-out of MI within 7 days after presentation. These algorithms were then tested for MI/cardiovascular death and ACS/cardiovascular death at 7 days. ROC curves, sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and CIs were determined for various biomarker combinations.

RESULTS
MI was diagnosed in 133 patients (11.7%; 95% CI, 9.8–13.8). The algorithms that included cTn and glucose produced the greatest number of patients ruled out/ruled in for MI and yielded sensitivity ≥99%, NPV ≥99.5%, specificity ≥99%, and PPV ≥80%. This diagnostic performance was maintained for MI/cardiovascular death but not for ACS/cardiovascular death. The addition of hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) (≥6.5%) to these algorithms did not change these estimates; however, 50 patients with previously unknown diabetes may have been identified if Hb A1c was measured.

CONCLUSIONS
Algorithms incorporating glucose with cTn may lead to an earlier MI diagnosis and rule-out for MI/cardiovascular death. Addition of Hb A1c into these algorithms allows for identification of diabetes. Future studies extending these findings are needed for ACS/cardiovascular death. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01994577
Evaluating the Impact of a HIV Low-Risk Express Care Task-Shifting Program: A Case Study of the Targeted Learning Roadmap
Authors: Tran Linh , Yiannoutsos Constantin T. , Musick Beverly S. , Wools-Kaloustian Kara K. , Siika Abraham , Kimaiyo Sylvester , van der Laan Mark J. , Petersen Maya 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In conducting studies on an exposure of interest, a systematic roadmap should be applied for translating causal questions into statistical analyses and interpreting the results. In this paper we describe an application of one such roadmap applied to estimating the joint effect of both time to availability of a nurse-based triage system (low risk express care (LREC)) and individual enrollment in the program among HIV patients in East Africa. Our study population is comprised of 16,513 subjects found eligible for this task-shifting program within 15 clinics in Kenya between 2006 and 2009, with each clinic starting the LREC program between 2007 and 2008. After discretizing follow-up into 90-day time intervals, we targeted the population mean counterfactual outcome (i. e. counterfactual probability of either dying or being lost to follow up) at up to 450 days after initial LREC eligibility under three fixed treatment interventions. These were (i) under no program availability during the entire follow-up, (ii) under immediate program availability at initial eligibility, but non-enrollment during the entire follow-up, and (iii) under immediate program availability and enrollment at initial eligibility. We further estimated the controlled direct effect of immediate program availability compared to no program availability, under a hypothetical intervention to prevent individual enrollment in the program. Targeted minimum loss-based estimation was used to estimate the mean outcome, while Super Learning was implemented to estimate the required nuisance parameters. Analyses were conducted with the ltmle R package; analysis code is available at an online repository as an R package. Results showed that at 450 days, the probability of in-care survival for subjects with immediate availability and enrollment was 0.93 (95 % CI: 0.91, 0.95) and 0.87 (95 % CI: 0.86, 0.87) for subjects with immediate availability never enrolling. For subjects without LREC availability, it was 0.91 (95 % CI: 0.90, 0.92). Immediate program availability without individual enrollment, compared to no program availability, was estimated to slightly albeit significantly decrease survival by 4 % (95 % CI 0.03,0.06, p < 0.01). Immediately availability and enrollment resulted in a 7 % higher in-care survival compared to immediate availability with non-enrollment after 450 days (95 % CI –0.08,–0.05, p < 0.01). The results are consistent with a fairly small impact of both availability and enrollment in the LREC program on in-care survival.
Effect of corrective feedback for learning verb second
Authors: Penning de Vries Bart , Cucchiarini Catia , Bodnar Stephen , Strik Helmer , van Hout Roeland 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a detailed study on the role of corrective feedback (CF) in the development of second language (L2) oral proficiency. Learners practiced speaking with a computer-assisted language learning (CALL) system that employs automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology to provide CF. The system tracks learner behaviour by logging the system-user interactions. Two language learning conditions are compared. In the CF condition learners received immediate, automatic CF on the grammaticality of their spoken output. In theOCF condition, learners practiced speaking with the option to self-correct. The target structure under investigation is Dutch verb second (V2) in the main clause. The results show that learner proficiency improved in both conditions. The CF condition shows an additional benefit for learning that is related to the learner’s initial knowledge of the target structure (which we call V2 proficiency). Learners at a lower V2 proficiency level benefitted more from practice with CF than learners in the NOCF condition. Learner evaluations are in line with these results: both the CF and the NOCF groups positively evaluated practice with the system, but the CF condition was preferred by learners starting at a lower V2 proficiency level. For more information on these outcome measures, we investigated the learners’ behaviour during practice. The two groups were found to receive equal amounts of input, but learners in the CF condition produced more (grammatically correct) output during treatment. We found that the CF group repaired their errors in fewer attempts as they progressed through practice. Learners in the NOCF condition generally did not (attempt to) repair their errors. However, the learners answered correctly more often as they progressed in the training. The log data, therefore, shows learning of the target structure in both conditions. We discuss these results and how learning outcome is related to learner behaviour.
A recursive-operational approach with applications to linear differential systems
Authors: Bengochea Gabriel , Ortigueira Manuel 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this paper, an operational method for solving linear and nonlinear systems described by ordinary differential equations is presented. The construction is based on the generalized derivative in the sense of distribution theory. The approach allows the response computation without needing the use of any integral transform as in the Mikusiński operational calculus. A general description of the algorithm is done and some illustrating examples are presented. The algorithm is recursive allowing to add and remove any pole or zero contribution. The extension to nonlinear systems is done by means of the Adomian polynomials.
Neurotransmitter Release Can Be Stabilized by a Mechanism That Prevents Voltage Changes Near the End of Action Potentials from Affecting Calcium Currents
Authors: Clarke Stephen G. , Scarnati Matthew S. , Paradiso Kenneth G. 
Published: November 2016

At chemical synapses, presynaptic action potentials (APs) activate voltage-gated calcium channels, allowing calcium to enter and trigger neurotransmitter release. The duration, peak amplitude, and shape of the AP falling phase alter calcium entry, which can affect neurotransmitter release significantly. In many neurons, APs do not immediately return to the resting potential, but instead exhibit a period of depolarization or hyperpolarization referred to as an afterpotential. We hypothesized that presynaptic afterpotentials should alter neurotransmitter release by affecting the electrical driving force for calcium entry and calcium channel gating. In support of this, presynaptic calcium entry is affected by afterpotentials after standard instant voltage jumps. Here, we used the mouse calyx of Held synapse, which allows simultaneous presynaptic and postsynaptic patch-clamp recording, to show that the postsynaptic response is affected significantly by presynaptic afterpotentials after voltage jumps. We therefore tested the effects of presynaptic afterpotentials using simultaneous presynaptic and postsynaptic recordings and AP waveforms or real APs. Surprisingly, presynaptic afterpotentials after AP stimuli did not alter calcium channel responses or neurotransmitter release appreciably. We show that the AP repolarization time course causes afterpotential-induced changes in calcium driving force and changes in calcium channel gating to effectively cancel each other out. This mechanism, in which electrical driving force is balanced by channel gating, prevents changes in calcium influx from occurring at the end of the AP and therefore acts to stabilize synaptic transmission. In addition, this mechanism can act to stabilize neurotransmitter release when the presynaptic resting potential changes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe shape of presynaptic action potentials (APs), particularly the falling phase, affects calcium entry and small changes in calcium influx can produce large changes in postsynaptic responses. We hypothesized that afterpotentials, which often follow APs, affect calcium entry and neurotransmitter release. We tested this in calyx of Held nerve terminals, which allow simultaneous recording of presynaptic calcium currents and postsynaptic responses. Surprisingly, presynaptic afterpotentials did not alter calcium current or neurotransmitter release. We show that the AP falling phase causes afterpotential-induced changes in electrical driving force and calcium channel gating to cancel each other out. This mechanism regulates calcium entry at the end of APs and therefore stabilizes synaptic transmission. This also stabilizes responses when the presynaptic resting potential changes.
Local and Use-Dependent Effects of β-Amyloid Oligomers on NMDA Receptor Function Revealed by Optical Quantal Analysis
Authors: Sinnen Brooke L. , Bowen Aaron B. , Gibson Emily S. , Kennedy Matthew J. 
Published: November 2016

Beta amyloid (Aβ) triggers the elimination of excitatory synaptic connections in the CNS, an early manifestation of Alzheimer's disease. Oligomeric assemblies of Aβ peptide associate with excitatory synapses resulting in synapse elimination through a process that requires NMDA-type glutamate receptor activation. Whether Aβ affects synaptic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function directly and acts locally at synapses to which it has bound and whether synaptic activity influences Aβ synaptic binding and synaptotoxicity have remained fundamental questions. Here, we used subcellular Ca2+imaging in rat hippocampal neurons to visualize NMDAR function at individual synapses before and after Aβ application. Aβ triggered a robust impairment of NMDAR Ca2+entry at most, but not all, synapses. NMDAR function was more severely impaired at highly active synapses and synapses with bound Aβ, but activity was not required for Aβ synapse binding. Blocking NMDARs during Aβ exposure prevented Aβ-mediated impairment. Finally, Aβ impaired NMDAR Ca2+entry at doses much lower than those required for NMDAR internalization, revealing a novel, potent mode of NMDAR regulation by Aβ.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAmyloid β (Aβ) is strongly implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Aβ triggers the elimination of excitatory synapses through a mechanism that requires NMDA receptors (NMDARs). However, little is known about how or whether Aβ influences synaptic NMDAR function. We used an imaging-based assay to investigate the relationship among Aβ binding, activity, and NMDAR function at individual synapses. Aβ triggered a robust impairment of NMDAR Ca2+entry at most, but not all, synapses. NMDAR function was more severely impaired at highly active synapses and synapses with bound Aβ. Blocking NMDARs during Aβ exposure prevented Aβ-mediated impairment. Together, our experiments reveal a novel use-dependent, potent, and local mode of Aβ-mediated NMDAR impairment.
EVALUASI BAHAN BAKU PAKAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PAKAN BUATAN UNTUK BUDIDAYA PEMBESARAN ABALON (Haliotis squamata)
Authors: Giri Nyoman Adiasmara , Marzuqi Muhammad , Astuti Ni Wayan Widya , Andriyanto Wawan , Rusdi Ibnu , Andamari Retno 
Published: November 2016

Abalon merupakan salah satu jenis moluska laut yang memiliki nilai ekonomis penting dan spesies unggulan untuk budidaya di Indonesia. Keberhasilan budidaya abalon ditentukan oleh ketersediaan benih yang memadai. Selain itu, ketersediaan pakan yang baik juga berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan abalon. Efektivitas pakan buatan untuk pembesaran abalon dipengaruhi oleh bahan baku yang digunakan. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi dasar tentang bahan baku untuk pengembangan pakan buatan dan respons pertumbuhan abalon H. squamata terhadap pakan buatan. Bahan baku pakan dikoleksi, dianalisis komposisi nutriennya yang meliputi komposisi proksimat, asam amino, dan asam lemaknya. Percobaan aplikasi pakan buatan berbahan baku rumput laut dilakukan di Laboratorium Pakan, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Laut, Gondol. Empat pakan percobaan dengan kombinasi tepung rumput laut berbeda dibuat dalam bentuk pelet kering. Sebagai pakan kontrol digunakan Gracilaria sp. segar dari tambak. Benih abalon ukuran bobot rata-rata 3,07±1,11 g dengan panjang cangkang 2,79±0,27 cm dipelihara dalam bak beton ukuran 2 m x 0,5 m x 0,5 m dengan kepadatan 400 ekor/bak. Bak dilengkapi dengan sistem air mengalir dan aerasi. Abalon diberi pakan percobaan dua kali sehari, pagi, dan sore hari. Percobaan dirancang dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan untuk setiap perlakuan. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh empat jenis rumput laut yang potensial dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pakan abalon H. squamata. Hasil uji pakan menunjukkan bahwa pakan dari campuran tepung rumput laut Gracilaria sp. tambak dengan Ulva sp. (2:1) atau campuran Gracilaria sp. tambak dengan Sargassum sp. (2,3:1) memberikan respons pertumbuhan abalon H. squamata yang baik.
SEBARAN INFEKSI TAURA SYNDROME, INFECTIOUS MYONECROSIS, DAN Penaeus vannamei NERVOUS VIRUS (TSV, IMNV, DAN PvNV) PADA BUDIDAYA UDANG Litopenaeus vannamei DI JAWA BARAT, JAWA TIMUR, DAN BALI
Authors: Koesharyani Isti , Gardenia Lila , Mufidah Tatik 
Published: November 2016

Pada budidaya udang introduksi Litopenaeus vannamei, virus merupakan penyakit yang memberi dampak cukup merugikan dan menimbulkan kematian massal budidaya udang vaname. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran adanya infeksi virus di beberapa daerah budidaya udang L. vannamei, di Jawa Timur (Bangil, Banyuwangi, Situbondo), Bali, dan Jawa Barat (Karawang dan Mauk-Tangerang). Jenis virus yang dianalisis adalah Taura Syndrome (TSV), Infectious Myonecrosis (IMNV), dan Penaeus vannamei Nervous Virus (PvNV) dan merupakan golongan RNA virus. Sebanyak 5-10 ekor sampel diambil dari setiap daerah secara individu berupa jaringan insang, pleopod, dan daging, disimpan dalam RNAlater. Selanjutnya sampel sampel tersebut dianalisis di Laboratorium Kesehatan Ikan, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perikanan Budidaya, Jakarta. Metode analisis menggunakan Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR) dengan spesifik primer: TSV (230 bp), IMNV-1 (600 bp), PvNV-1 (339 bp). Hasil analisis RT-PCR, menunjukkan bahwa dari 56 sampel, ternyata infeksi TSV diperoleh di lokasi budidaya udang di Bangil, Banyuwangi, dan Bali. Sementara, kasus infeksi IMNV terdapat di Banyuwangi dan Bali, sedangkan infeksi PvNV yang merupakan penyakit baru tidak diperoleh dari semua sampel yang ada. Beberapa sampel uji menunjukkan multi infeksi secara alami antara TSV-IMNV yang berasal dari budidaya di Banyuwangi. Mengingat, kasus infeksi PvNV belum pernah ada di Indonesia, maka perlu aturan tata cara impor atau pengawasan tentang udang vaname agar tidak terjadi introduksi penyakit virus baru ke Indonesia.
DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL KEBUTUHAN KAPUR BERDASARKAN NILAI SPOS TANAH UNTUK TAMBAK DI KABUPATEN PANGKEP PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Mustafa Akhmad Mustafa dan , Ratnawati Erna 
Published: November 2016

Kabupaten Pangkep Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan telah ditetapkan sebagai salah satu wilayah pengembangan kawasan minapolitan di Indonesia, namun sebagian tanah tambaknya tergolong tanah bermasalah (tanah sulfat masam dan tanah gambut) yang dicirikan dengan pH tanah yang rendah sehingga menjadi faktor pembatas dalam peningkatan produktivitas tambaknya. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menentukan distribusi spasial kebutuhan kapur berdasarkan nilai SPOS tanah tambak agar produktivitas tambak dapat meningkat dan berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Pangkep. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kawasan tambak Kabupaten Pangkep dengan metode survai melalui pengukuran dan pengambilan contoh tanah pada 83 titik pengamatan di kedalaman tanah 0-0,2 m. Peubah kualitas tanah yang diukur di lapangan adalah pHF dan pHFOX, sedangkan yang dianalisis di laboratorium adalah SP, SKCl, SPOS, pirit, dan bahan organik. Kebutuhan kapur didasarkan pada nilai SPOS tanah dengan mempertimbangkan berat volume tanah. Program ArcView 3.2 digunakan untuk pembuatan peta distribusi spasial SPOS tanah, berat volume tanah, dan kebutuhan kapur dengan memanfaatkan citra ALOS AVNIR-2 akuisisi 28 Juli 2008. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanah tambak di Kabupaten Pangkep dicirikan oleh berat volume tanah yang diprediksi berdasarkan bahan organik tanah, berkisar antara 0,20 dan 1,25 g/cm3 dengan rata-rata 0,75 g/cm3 dan SPOS tanah berkisar antara 0,02% dan 3,47% dengan rata-rata 1,20%. Kebutuhan kapur setara CaCO3 untuk tanah tambak berkisar antara 0,12 dan 53,04 ton/ha dengan rata-rata 13,01 ton/ha, di mana kebutuhan kapur yang tinggi dijumpai di bagian selatan Kabupaten Pangkep (Kecamatan Minasa Te’ne, Pangkajene, Bungoro, Labakkang, dan Ma’rang).