bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain development in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A neuroimaging perspective review
Authors: Pereira V. , de Castro-Manglano P. , Soutullo Esperon C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a challenge in child and adolescent psychiatry. In the recent decades many studies with longitudinal designs have used neuroimaging with ADHD patients, suggesting its neurodevelopmental origin.ObjectivesStudy the findings of neuroimaging (MRI, fMRI, DTI, PET) techniques on ADHD patients from a longitudinal point of view, looking also for the potential influence of treatments and other predictors (i.e. genetics).AimsTo provide a global perspective of all the recent findings on ADHD patients with the neuroimaging technics, focusing on longitudinal measurements of the changes in brain development.MethodsWe conducted a review of the literature in the databases Pubmed and ScienceDirect (terms ADHD, neuroimaging, MRI, fMRI, DTI, PET, functional connectivity, metilphenidate and cortical thickness). We focused on studies using neuroimaging techniques with ADHD patients, looking at their populations, methodologies and results.ResultsThe studies found abnormalities in the structure of grey matter, activity and brain connectivity in many neural networks, with particular involvement of the fronto-parietal and Default Mode Network. There is also convergent evidence for white matter pathology and disrupted anatomical connectivity in ADHD. In addition, dysfunctional connectivity during rest and during cognitive tasks has been demonstrated.ConclusionsThis evidence describe ADHD as a brain development disorder, with delays and disruptions in the global development of the central nervous system that compromises grey and white matters, most evident in the prefrontal cortex, parietal and posterior cingulate cortices, as well as basal ganglia, damaging activity and structural and functional connectivity of various brain networks, especially the fronto-striato-parietal and default mode network.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical manifestations in patients with acute and transient psychosis
Authors: López Díaz Á. , Soler Iborte A. , Galiano Rus S. , Fernández González J.L. , Aznarte López J.I. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe term, acute and transient psychosis, is comprehended as a heterogeneous group of disorders, which share, as a common feature, the abrupt and brief deployment of typical psychotic behaviour, either polymorph, delusional, or schizophreniform. This diversity of symptoms may also be present in other psychotic disorders, for which, some authors question its reliability.ObjetiveTo analyse the clinical manifestations present in acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPD), and determine the differences between its different subcategories.MethodRetrospective chart review study of adult patients admitted in our psychiatric unit between 2011 and 2015, with a mean diagnosis of ATPD at hospital discharge. Diagnostic criteria was according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Symptoms were divided under operative procedures, as set out in psychopatologic descriptions. For methodological reasons, statistical analysis was conducted between polymorphic features group (PM) and nonpolymorphic group (NPM). Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test (as appropriate) were performed, using MedCalc software.ResultsThirty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Acute polymorphic psychotic disorder with and without symptoms of schizophrenia (39%), acute schizophrenia-like psychotic disorder (20%), acute predominantly delusional psychotic disorder (23%), other and NOS (18%). There were statistically significant differences between PM and NPM groups in emotional turmoil (>PM, P = 0.0006), grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behaviour (>PM, P = 0.0038), and type of onset (sudden >PM, P = 0.0145).ConclusionCurrently, the same concept encompasses two categories (PM and NPM) to be differentiated. The ATPD construct is under review, due its long-term instability.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Olfactory reference syndrome
Authors: Sanahuja C. , Espinosa A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe term “olfactory reference syndrome” (ORS), introduced by Pryse-Phillips in 1971, is a persistent false belief and preoccupation with body odor accompanied by significant distress and functional impairment. Nowadays, it is not a distinct syndrome and it is currently classified as a delusional or obsessive-compulsive disorder.Objectives and aimsReview the history of ORSs classification and discuss why it should be considered as a separate diagnostic in the current health care classification systems.MethodsDescription of a clinical case of a 36-year-old man and review the published articles on ORS by using PubMed database with the keywords: “olfactory reference syndrome”, “chronic olfactory paranoid syndrome”, “hallucinations of smell”, “chronic olfactory paranoid syndrome”, “delusions of bromosis” and “taijin kyofusho”.ResultsThe published literature on ORS spans more than a century and provides consistent descriptions of its clinical features but nowadays is not explicitly mentioned in current classification systems as Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD). ORS is overlap with different diagnostics such as delusional disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and hypochondriasis.ConclusionsRight now, it is not clear how the ORSs should best be classified so we consider interesting to include it as a separate diagnosis in our set classifications, since we understand that an adjusted diagnosis is important in order to help patients and therapists to work on a treatment and to establish a more accurate prognosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy and effectiveness of overcoming stress behavior
Authors: Korostiy V. , Gerasimov B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionToday cognitive impairment study epilepsy in children and in people taking anticonvulsants. Unfortunately, we do not know enough about neuropsychological features of mild cognitive impairment in epilepsy, clinical and pathogenetic patterns of their development, role in the development of social exclusion.AimTo study the mild cognitive impairment and their relationship with clinical features of epileptic disease forms, socio-psychological characteristics of patients.MethodsClinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostic.ResultsWe first used Addenbrooke's cognitive examination (ACE-R) in patients with epilepsy to quantify cognitive disorders in this group. The specified scale detects violations of cognitive function to mild dementia and allows us to differentiate the prevalence of certain disorders of mental processes. We revealed that the reducing the effectiveness of stress overcoming behavior through cognitive disorders in thinking and attention are one of the pathognomonic psychogenic mechanisms of affective disorders in patients with epilepsy. The complex of individual therapeutic measures for patients with epilepsy and MCI is based on the study features of cognitive disorders results. Psychotherapy and psychological correction measures for patients with epilepsy and MCI have to improve the social functioning and quality of life. We also created recommendations for the prevention of cognitive disorders in patients with epilepsy.ConclusionsThe features of cognitive disorders in patients with epilepsy, depending on the clinical form of epilepsy (symptomatic, idiopathic, cryptogenic). It should be used as additional differential diagnostic criteria forms of epilepsy (symptomatic, idiopathic, cryptogenic).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The effects of alexithymia in the recognition of dynamic emotional faces
Authors: Rocha M. , Soares S. , Silva S. , Madeira N. , Silva C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAlexithymia is a multifactorial personality trait observed in several mental disorders, especially those with poor social functioning. Although it has been proposed that difficulties in interpersonal interactions in highly alexithymic individuals may stem from their reduced ability to express and recognize facial expressions, this still remains controversial.AimIn everyday life, faces displaying emotions are dynamic, although most studies have relied on static stimuli. The aim of this study was to investigate whether individuals with high levels of alexithymia differed from a control group in the categorization of emotional faces presented in a dynamic way. Given the highly dynamic nature of facial displays in real life, we used morphed videos depicting faces varying 1% from neutral to angry, disgust or happy faces, with a video presentation of 35 seconds.MethodSixty participants (27 males and 33 females) were divided into high (HA) and low levels of alexithymia (LA) by using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Participants were instructed to watch the face change from neutral to an emotion and to press a keyboard as soon as they could categorize an emotion expressed in the face.ResultsThe results revealed an interaction between alexithymia and emotion showing that HA, compared to LA, were more inaccurate at categorizing angry faces.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The association between childhood trauma and facial emotion recognition in patients with stable schizophrenia
Authors: Mrizak J. , Arous A. , Trabelsi R. , Aissa A. , Ben Ammar H. , El Hechmi Z. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe impairment of facial emotion recognition (FER) among patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) is a significant feature of the illness. Childhood trauma (CT) is reported with a high prevalence in SCZ and is considered one of its risk factors.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between FER and CT in SCZ.MethodsFifty-eight outpatients with stable SCZ completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire retrospectively assessing five types of childhood trauma (emotional, physical and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect). They also completed a newly developed and validated FER task constructed from photographs of the face of a famous Tunisian actress and evaluating the ability to correctly identify Ekman's six basic facial emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, fear and surprise).ResultsPatients with higher scores of CT performed significantly worse in FER task. Our results suggest that the presence of sexual abuse is specifically correlated to a poor identification of anger (P = 0.02) and disgust (P = 0.03) while the presence of emotional abuse and physical neglect are correlated to a poor identification of happiness and sadness.ConclusionsCT may represent one of the causes of the FER deficits in schizophrenia. Further studies are necessary to confirm the link between specific kinds of childhood trauma and deficits in the recognition of discrete emotions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Emotional processing in panic disorder and its subtypes: An fMRI study using the emotional faces paradigm
Authors: Pattyn T. , Schmaal L. , Filip V.D.E. , Brenda P. , Bernard S. , Dick V. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe literature on the neurobiology of emotional processing in panic disorder (PD) remains inconsistent. Clinical heterogeneity could be causing this.ObjectiveTo investigate differences in brain activity between PD and healthy controls using the emotional faces fMRI paradigm.AimsTo elucidate neurobiological mechanisms underlying emotional processing in PD and previously identified subtypes (Pattyn et al., 2015).MethodsThe main analysis compared the neural processing of different emotional facial expressions from a large group of PD patients (n = 73) versus healthy controls (n = 58) originating from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). A second analysis divided the PD group into the three previously identified subgroups: a cognitive-autonomic (n = 22), an autonomic (n = 16) and an aspecific subgroup (n = 35). The fusiform gyrus, the anterior cingulate cortex and the insula were used in a ROI approach.ResultsComparing PD patients with healthy controls, a decreased activity on angry faces was observed in the left fusiform gyrus. The subgroup analysis showed more activity in the anterior cingulate cortex on neutral faces in the cognitive-autonomic subgroup versus the autonomic subgroup and a decreased activity in the left fusiform gyrus on angry faces compared to the aspecific subgroup. Less activity was observed in the right insula on neutral faces in the autonomic subgroup versus the aspecific subgroup.ConclusionReduced activity in the left fusiform gyrus was differentiating panic disorder patients from healthy controls. In accordance with clinical subtyping, between-subtype differences are an indication that a phenomenological approach could provide more insight in underlying neurobiological mechanisms in emotional processing in PD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cognitive characteristics of unipolar (major depressive disorder) and bipolar depression
Authors: Suciu B. , Paunescu R. , Miclutia I. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionImpairment in cognitive performance is an important characteristic in many psychiatric illnesses, such as Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. Initially, cognitive dysfunctions were considered to be present only in acute depressive episodes and to improve after symptoms recovered. Reports have described persistent cognitive deficits even after significant improvement of depressive symptoms.Aims/ObjectivesWe wanted to understand the dimension of cognitive impairment in unipolar and bipolar depression and also to underline the differences between cognitive profiles of patients diagnosed within the two mentioned disorders.MethodThis review examined recent literature about unipolar and bipolar depression.ResultsBoth depressed patients presented cognitive deficits in several cognitive domains. Different aspects of attention were altered in both patients but impairment in shifting attention appeared specific to unipolar disorder while impaired sustained attention was particular for bipolar disorder. Both types of patients showed memory deficits that were associated with poor global functioning. Two recent studies described that bipolar depressed subjects were more impaired across all cognitive domains than unipolar depressed subjects on tests assessing verbal memory, verbal fluency, attention and executive functions. The most consistently deficits were displayed on measures of executive functioning – such as tasks requiring problem solving, planning, decision making – suggesting that this cognitive domain is a trait-marker for depression.ConclusionsCognitive deficits are present in both disorders during a depressive episode but they display slightly different patterns of impairment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neuropsychological rehabilitation training in residential mental health services
Authors: Vaccaro A. , Cusmai A.S. , Catania A. , Zoppellaro C. , Manfrin F. 
Published: May 2016

The neuropsychological rehabilitation in our mental health service is a central pillar of psychosocial rehabilitation. These interventions are integrated into a more complex program of psychosocial rehabilitation based on cognitive behavioral method.We devote particular attention to the empowerment of the cognitive functions: attention, memory, language, logical and abstract reasoning.The aim of this research is to evaluate efficacy of neuropsycological rehabilitation training in cognitive rehabilitation of psychotic patients.The subjects that took part to the training were psychotics patient, residents in a mental health Community. Patients were both females and males, aged between 18 and 55 years. They were divided in two experimental groups and a control group. The instrument used was a battery of neuropsycological standardized tests. Tests were managed by an eye-tracker specialist.Preliminary results seem to confirm a certain degree of improvement due to the training. Eye tracking integration during assessment appears to be a powerful tool as well, in order to define more patient-tailored strategies.The training based on the empowerment of cognitive functions (attention, memory, language, logical and abstract reasoning) seems to change significantly the cognitive functions of the psychotic patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depressive symptoms and bone mineral density in menopause and postmenopausal women: A still increasing and neglected problem
Authors: Bener A. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThe objective of current study was to investigate whether associaction exist between depression and low BMD during menopausal and post-menopausal period.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study and 1650 women aged 45–65 years were included during 1182 women agreed to participate (71.6%). Data on body mass index (BMI), clinical biochemistry variables including serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were collected. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered for depression purposes.ResultsA total of 1182 women agreed to participate and responded to the study. The mean age and SD of the menopausal age were 48.71 ± 2.96 with depressed and 50.20 ± 3.22 without depressed (P < 0.001). Also, the mean and SD of postmenopausal age were 58.55 ± 3.27 depressed and 57.78 ± 3.20 without depressed (P < 0.001). There were statistically significance differences between menopausal stages with regards to number of parity, and place of living. There were statistically significance differences between menopausal stages with regards to BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency and sheesha smoking habits. Overall, osteopenia and osteoporosis and bone loss were significantly lower in post-menopausal women than in menopausal women (P < 0.001). Similarly, T-score and z-score were lower with depressed menopause and postmenopausal women (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the depression, the mean serum vitamin D deficiency, calcium level deficiency, less physical activity, co-morbidity, number of parity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and sheesha smoking habits were considered as the main risk factors associated with bone mineral loss after adjusting for age, BMI and other variables.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Depression, anxiety and stress [DASS21] symptoms in menopausal Arab women: Shedding more light on a complex relationship
Authors: Bener A. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo determine correlation between depression, anxiety and stress in menopausal and post-menopausal women and shedding more light on a complex relationship.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was used and 1468 women aged 45–65 years were included and 1101 women agreed to participate (75.0%). Depression, anxiety and stress were measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Data on body mass index (BMI), clinical and other parameters was used.ResultsA total of 1101 women agreed to participate after informed consent was obtained. The mean age and SD of the menopausal age was 49.55 ± 3.12, the mean and SD of postmenopausal age was 58.08 ± 3.26 (P < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences between menopausal stages with regards to age, ethnicity, educational status, occupation status, and place of living. Also, there were statistically significant differences between menopausal stages with regards to BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, vitamin D deficiency, and diseases. Depression and anxiety were more common among post-menopause women. Also, there were no differences between the groups regarding the frequency of certain levels of stress among menopause and post-menopause. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that age in years, diastolic BP, consanguinity, regular exercise were predictor for depression. Meanwhile, diastolic BP, occupation and physical activity considered the main risk factors for anxiety. Furthermore, age in years, occupation and sheesha smoking habits were considered as the main risk factors associated with stress.ConclusionA large number of factors were associated with experiencing menopausal and psychosocial problems which had negative effects on the quality of life among Arabian women.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Most frequent clinic comorbibities in hospitalized patients in a psychiatric clinic
Authors: Jaber J. , Veríssimo J. , Raposo T.T. , Reys B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionBeing hospitalized in a psychiatric clinic, patients present, in addition to the diseases that determine the hospitalization, clinic comorbidities, generally decompensated.ObjectivesTo present the most frequent clinic pathologies in a population of hospitalized patients having diverse mental disorders and establish a protocol for investigation and their early treatment.AimsTo know the most frequent pathologies in a population of hospitalized psychiatric patients and establish a protocol for their assesment, in a way that contributes to the global improvement of the patient health condition.MethodsFor its mission realization, the clinic counts on a multidisciplinary team. The participants were 762 patients, seen in the referred clinic, which presented a minimum period of hospitalization of 10 days and that were submitted to thorough clinic exam and complementary routine exams. The time frame referred to the period of March of 2012 to February of 2014, totalizing 24 months.ResultsIn the patients that had medical release after periods of hospitalization of, 90-day average, were obtained, in the totality of the cases, excellent evolution, evidenced by the improvement of the laboratory parameters.ConclusionsThe results were achieved in the hospitalization system with careful medicament administration, differentiated diets established in agreement with the patients, supervised physical activities and psychological and psychiatric support.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The influence of psychopharmacological treatment in the long-term outcome in patients suffering ADH with comorbid drug use
Authors: Núñez Domínguez L.A. , Portilla Fernández A. , Reula L. , Manrique Astiz E. , Arbeo Ruiz O. , García Nicolás M. , Fernández de la Vega O. 
Published: May 2016

ADH is one of mental disease with a higher prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse. ADH is a risk factor for drug use, and that's true in the reverse sense. The mutual influence in both disorders is clear and the presence of both disorders together could be a real challenge for a clincial professional.The main objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of the psychopharmacological treatment in the longterm outcome of this sample, using a measurement drug use, adherence to the treatment and impulsivity.We make a study that includes a group of patients with both disorders. We select a sample from the Centro de Día Zuría. The patients complete a battery of scales (SCL-90, BArratt, SF-36) before and after the beginning of psychopharmacological treatment.Our results shows a better prognosis in the patients with a good adherence to treatment, with a decrease in frequency and levels of drug use and a decrease in impulsivity, with a low level of behavioral disorders and violence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.