bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential‐Flow Synthesis of Donepezil: A Green and Sustainable Strategy Featuring Heterogeneous Catalysis and Hydrogenation
Authors: Ishitani Haruro , Sogo Hideyuki , Furiya Yuichi , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn atom‐economical sequential‐flow synthesis of donepezil, a widely prescribed drug for Alzheimer's disease, was accomplished using inexpensive, commercially available precursors. This achievement was made possible by reconfiguring the synthetic route to include only heterogeneous catalytic addition and condensation reactions, with a particular emphasis on skeletal transformation and bond formation through hydrogenation processes. Notably, water was the sole byproduct in this synthesis. A crucial aspect of this work was the development of appropriate continuous‐flow processes to achieve a one‐flow synthesis. This was accomplished by implementing in‐line treatments of the main reaction stream to eliminate inhibitory factors that could affect catalyst performance in the hydrogenation steps.
Isonitrile Photochemistry: A Functional Group Class Coming in from the Cold
Authors: Giustiniano Mariateresa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStarting from a historical background that acknowledges isonitriles as a neglected class of compounds due to their unpleasant smell and hardly controlled reaction conditions with open shell species, the present concept article aims at highlighting the seeds of the modern isonitrile photochemistry. Representative essential transformations achieved via either UV light irradiation or radical initiators at high temperatures are brought into play to draw a parallel with the current literature relying on the exploitation of visible light photochemical methods. Such a comparison points out the potential of this enabling technology to further expand the scope of isonitrile chemistry and the unmet challenges which makes it a very stimulating field.
C−H Activation and Hydrogen Isotope Exchange of Aryl Carbamates Using Iridium(I) Complexes Bearing Chelating NHC‐Phosphine Ligands
Authors: Zorzatto Renan , Mulrainey Paul T. , Reid Marc , Tuttle Tell , Lindsay David M. , Kerr William J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) via C−H activation constitutes an efficient method for the synthesis of isotopically‐enriched compounds, which are crucial components of the drug discovery process and are extensively employed in mechanistic studies. A series of iridium(I) complexes, bearing a chelating phosphine‐N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, was designed and synthesized for application in the catalytic HIE of challenging N‐ and O‐aryl carbamates. A broad range of substrates were labeled efficiently, and applicability to biologically‐relevant systems was demonstrated by labeling an ʟ‐tyrosine‐derived carbamate with excellent levels of deuterium incorporation. Combined theoretical and experimental studies unveiled intriguing mechanistic features within this process, in comparison to C−H activation and hydrogen isotope exchange catalyzed by monodentate Ir(I) NHC/phosphine complexes.
Effect of the main components in gasification wastewater on the surface properties of coal water slurry
Authors: Li Dedi , Feng Biao , Luo Yuanlin , Wang Jianbin , Lai Xinjie , Zhao Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCoal water slurry is an advanced and efficient clean coal technology; using gasification wastewater to prepare coal water slurry can recycle wastewater and improve energy utilization efficiency. As the complex substances in wastewater have a great influence on the slurry properties, the effects of organic matter, metal ions, and ammonia nitrogen in gasification wastewater on the surface properties of coal water slurry are studied in this paper in order to provide new ideas for slurry mechanism of coal water slurry prepared from wastewater. Results show the following: (a) Compared with ordinary coal water slurry, the concentration of coal water slurry prepared from wastewater with high organic content increased by 2.9%, while the concentration of coal water slurry prepared from wastewater with high ammonia nitrogen content decreased by 2.1%. (b) The contact angles of coal water slurry prepared with phenols, alcohols, and urethane are reduced by 2.8°, 6.3°, and 1.5°, respectively, so organic matter can change the hydrophilicity of coal particles and affect slurryability. (c) Mg2+ and Ca2+ have basically no effect on slurry. Fe3+ reduces the absolute value of Zeta potential by 33.1, and Cu3+ increases that by 22.8, as they affect the slurryability by changing the surface potential of coal particles and the absorption of additives. (d) Ammonia nitrogen influences the slurryability by changing the pH value of the slurry. The conclusion of the influence mechanism of organic matter, metal ions, and ammonia nitrogen in wastewater on slurryability can provide a technical reference for the selection of suitable wastewater to prepare coal water slurry.
Synergistic effect of alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulphate and copper foam on methane hydrate formation
Authors: Wang Hao , Ma Guiyang , Wang Zhongsheng , Yu Jinping , Jiang Xiangchun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNatural gas is the cleanest fossil energy source and its consumption is increasing rapidly, so an efficient natural gas way of storing and transporting is urgently needed. Solidified natural gas (SNG) technology is gaining traction because of its higher safety, lower cost, and flexible storage and transportation modes. To improve the methane uptake rate in SNG technology, this work investigated the growth of methane hydrate in fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulphate (AES) solution with the addition of three different pores per inch (PPI) of copper foam (CF). The results showed that the addition of AES caused the hydrate to grow upwards along the wall, and the methane uptake in the 300 ppm AES solution was increased by 623% compared to pure water. CF not only provided more nucleation sites for hydrate but also transferred the heat generated during hydration. Moreover, there was a synergistic effect between AES and CF and the solution could continuously transport upward along the continuous metal skeleton to increase the gas–liquid contact area. Thus, the formation rate and induction time of methane hydrate improve. Hydrate had the highest methane uptake in the 20 PPI CF system and the lower the pressure, the greater the ability of CF to promote hydrate formation. The methane uptake improved by 27.6% and the induction time was reduced by 59.7% compared to the pure AES system at 6 MPa. This work is aimed at advancing SNG technology (especially at low pressure) and informs the theoretical foundation.
Eutypetides A—E, Structurally Intriguing Polyketides Formed by Intramolecular [4+2] Cycloaddition from Marine‐Derived Fungus Eutypella sp. F0219
Authors: Jiang Zhong‐Ping , Chen Meng‐Ting , Xiang Xiao , Xu Cong‐Jun , Rao Yong , Du Hong‐Zhi , Li Wan‐Shan , Huang Ling 
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive SummaryFour polycyclic ten‐membered lactones possessing unprecedented 10/6/5 tricyclic ring skeleton, named eutypetides A—D (1—4), and an intriguing polyketide containing a hexahydroisobenzofuran‐1(3H)‐one motif, named eutypetide E (5) were isolated from the marine‐derived fungus Eutypella sp. F0219, together with three new related biosynthetic polyketides eutypetides F—H (6—8). The absolute configurations of 1—5 were unequivocally determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses (Cu Kα), modified Mosher's method and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Eutypetides G (7) showed remarkable anti‐inflammatory activity and could reduce the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and iNOS induced by LPS. Most notably, compounds 1—4 were formed biogenetically from 6—7 via the key intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition, while compound 5 could be constructed biogenetically from 8 through the intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition. All the above eight polyketides are proposed to originate from a C10 and a C6 fatty acid.
Bacterial Secondary Metabolites Embedded in Producer Cell Membranes and Antibiotics Targeting Their Biosynthesis
Authors: Xia Zhao , Xiang Hao , Shi Yi‐Ming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe bacterial cell membrane primarily houses lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins forming a barrier and interface that maintains cellular integrity, supports homeostasis, and senses environmental changes. Compared to lipid components and excreted secondary metabolites, compounds embedded in the producer cell membrane are often overlooked due to their low abundance and niche‐specific functions. The accumulation of findings has led to an increased appreciation of their crucial roles in bacterial cell biochemistry, physiology, and ecology, as well as their impact on mutualistic and pathogenic bacteria‐eukaryote interactions. This review highlights the structures, biosynthesis, regulation, and ecological functions of membrane‐embedded secondary metabolites. It also discusses antibiotics that target their biosynthetic pathways, aiming to inspire the development of antibiotics specific to pathogenic bacteria without harming human cells.
Agronomic and morpho‐physiological response of Andean genotypes of common bean to terminal drought
Authors: Hamabwe Swivia M. , Otieno Nicholas A. , Odhiambo Judith A. , Parker Travis , Kamfwa Kelvin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDrought is a major production constraint of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the agronomic and morpho‐physiological response of Andean genotypes to terminal drought, and (ii) identify Andean genotypes with an ideal combination of agronomic and morpho‐physiological traits for enhanced drought tolerance. Twenty Andean genotypes and seven checks were evaluated for drought tolerance in three field trials conducted in three locations. Agronomic and morpho‐physiological traits including seed yield, seed weight, shoot dry weight, pod number, pod harvest index, harvest index, and carbon isotope discrimination (CID) were measured. Strong positive correlations were observed between seed yield, and partitioning efficiency metrics and CID (r = 0.57***) under drought, which suggested the important role of assimilate partitioning and water use efficiency in the observed drought tolerance. The heritability estimates for pod harvest index (H2 = 0.88) and harvest index (H2 = 0.87) were higher than for seed yield (H2 = 0.43) and other morpho‐physiological traits, thus they can be used to indirectly select for drought tolerance. Based on the relationship between seed yield and CID under drought stress, 12 genotypes were identified as drought tolerant with high water use efficiency. Among these, three were classified as water savers, while nine as water spenders. Genotypes with an ideal combination of superior shoot dry weight, partition efficiency, water use efficiency, and superior seed yield under both drought stress and non‐stress conditions were identified. The identified genotypes can be used for genetic improvement of drought tolerance in the Andean gene pool of common bean.
Parasites disrupt a keystone mutualism that underpins the structure, functioning, and resilience of a coastal ecosystem
Authors: Morton Joseph P. , Davis Brian P. , Walker Taylor A. , Haber India H. , Adelson Eve H. , Silliman Brian R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractParasites can alter the traits or densities of mutualistic partners, potentially destabilizing mutualistic associations that underpin the structure, functioning, and stability of entire ecosystems. Despite the potentially wide‐ranging consequences of such disruptions, no studies have directly manipulated parasite prevalence and/or intensity in a mutualistic partner, nor quantified the resulting community‐level effects. Here, we investigated the effects of a common trematode parasite (Cercaria opaca) on the strength of a keystone facultative mutualism in western Atlantic salt marshes between the foundational marsh cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, and the ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa. Cordgrass increases mussel survivorship and growth through shading, while mussels enhance cordgrass growth by producing nutrient‐rich biodeposits. This mutualistic association also creates conditions that enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and mediates the ability of foundational plants to resist and recover from extreme drought. We used lab and field assays to show how increasing infection with trematode metacercariae negatively influenced mussel biodeposit production, as well as the strength of mussel shells and byssal attachments. By conducting a field manipulation using experimentally infected mussels, we demonstrated that the mutualistic benefits of mussels to cordgrass growth decreased with increasing trematode infection intensity—a pattern likely generated by reduced mussel biodeposition and enhanced mortality. Additionally, increasing parasite loads in mussels led to predictable decreases in the abundances of benthic invertebrates, as well as in key ecosystem characteristics and process rates (i.e., redox potential and sediment accretion). Finally, a survey of five North Carolina salt marshes demonstrated that infection with C. opaca was most common in mussels in areas experiencing cordgrass die‐off due to drought, and that infection intensity decreased with distance from die‐off areas. Because the mussel–cordgrass mutualism underpins marsh ecosystem resilience to drought‐associated die‐off, our results suggest that parasitism may depress recovery from these disturbances. Although this is the first experimental demonstration of parasites indirectly altering community structure and functioning by undermining an ecologically influential mutualism, this type of relationship could be common in nature, given that parasites frequently infect influential mutualists.
Soil Building and Capillary Barrier–Enhanced Water Availability Help Explain Pisonia grandis and Other Atoll Native's Tolerance for Variable Precipitation Regimes
Authors: Engels Mary , Heinse Robert , Young Hillary 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPisonia grandis, now threatened, is an important source of soil organic matter on atoll islands and historically composed the dominant canopy of many atoll ecosystems across the Pacific. How the tree manages water to exist across wide precipitation gradients is poorly understood. This study tests the hypotheses that P. grandis is using organic‐rich soils that develop under their canopy and soil layering where organic soils contact carbonate sands as part of their water management strategy. We analysed the chemical and physical properties of soils from two atolls in the central Pacific Ocean, one wet (Palmyra, USA) and one dry (Nikumaroro, Kiribati). Additionally, we used HYDRUS‐1D to simulate vadose zone water dynamics under a range of organic cap thicknesses (0, 14, 30 and 50 cm), precipitation intensities (1, 5 and 10 cm/h) and average precipitation amounts (50, 100, 200 and 400 cm/yr). Laboratory results indicate organic soils are strongly, though not exclusively, associated with P. grandis. Water holding capacity increases with soil organic carbon up to about 10% but not beyond that amount. Modelling results indicate significant water retained in organic soils where they overlie coarse carbonate sediments suggesting a capillary barrier development as the plant‐mediated organic soil accumulates. Retained soil water extends modelled dry‐down times of root‐accessible soil by more than 3 weeks. This indicates that capillary barrier‐enhanced water availability can help explain how P. grandis and other soil‐building atoll species can exist across variable precipitation regimes. To our knowledge, this work is the first description of plant‐mediated capillary barrier development as a water management strategy.
FRUGIVORY CAMTRAP: A dataset of plant–animal interactions recorded with camera traps
Authors: Villalva Pablo , Arroyo‐Correa Blanca , Calvo Gemma , Homet Pablo , Isla Jorge , Mendoza Irene , Moracho Eva , Quintero Elena , Rodríguez‐Sánchez Francisco , Jordano Pedro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEcological interactions are a key component of biodiversity, essential for understanding ecosystem services and functioning. Recording and quantifying ecological interactions is challenging, frequently requiring complex logistics and substantial effort in the field. Camera traps are routinely used in ecology for various applications, and have proven to be an excellent method for passive and non‐invasive sampling of plant–animal interactions. We implemented a standardized camera trap protocol to document vertebrate frugivores‐fleshy fruited plants interactions in Doñana National Park, SW Spain, with the central objective of inventorying the diversity of plant–animal ecological interactions providing seed dispersal services. From 2018 to 2023 we recorded pairwise interactions from which we obtained qualitative (presence‐absence) and quantitative (frequency of visits) information. Each record in the dataset contains information of a visit by an individual animal to an individual plant, resulting in any form of fleshy‐fruit use and provides information on visitation phenology, visit length, and feeding behavior. The dataset presented here includes 10,659 frugivory interaction events for 59 vertebrate species (46 birds, 13 mammals) recorded on 339 plant individuals from 13 different plant species which dominate the fleshy‐fruited plant assemblage in the Doñana National Park. The most recorded animal species consuming fruits and playing a legitimate seed dispersal role was Curruca melanocephala (1678 records) among birds and Vulpes vulpes among mammals (751 records). Cervus elaphus, a fruit consumer with a marginal role as legitimate seed disperser, was the most recorded mammal species (1508 records). Avian frugivores, particularly those from the Sylviidae and Turdidae families, are widespread in the region and play a crucial role in maintaining the dispersal service for the fleshy‐fruited plant populations in the area. The dataset offers highly versatile quantitative information that can be used to investigate frugivory from the highest resolution scale, the interaction event between pairs of individuals. In addition, other information that can be extracted includes the timing of interactions of animals and plants (their phenological couplings), activity periods of the animals, behavior during the events and preferences for individual plants within populations. There are no copyright restrictions on the data. When using the data from this data paper in publications, we kindly request that you cite the paper accordingly. Additionally, we encourage researchers and educators to inform us about how they are using this data, as we value feedback and would like to be aware of its various applications.
Assessing the causal effect of inflammation‐related genes on myocarditis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xiao Huazhen , Chen Hongkui , Liang Wenjia , Liu Yucheng , Lin Kaiyang , Guo Yansong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsPrior evidence has shown a significant link between inflammation and the development of myocarditis. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between inflammation‐related genes (IRGs) and myocarditis.Methods and resultsIn this study, the causal relationship between 167 IRGs and myocarditis were investigated using datasets from the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Integrative Epidemiology Unit open genome‐wide association study (IEU OpenGWAS) databases. The GWAS data (finn‐b‐I9 MYOCARD) contained single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data from 117 755 myocarditis samples (16 379 455 SNPs, 829 cases vs. 116 926 controls). Five algorithms [MR‐Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW), simple mode, and weighted mode regression] were employed for the MR analysis, with IVW as the primary method, and sensitivity analysis was conducted. Subcellular localization and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed for selected biomarkers. Results were verified in ebi‐a‐GCST90018882 (24 180 570 SNPs, 633 cases vs. 427 278 controls) and finn‐b‐I9 MYOCARD EXNONE (16 380 466 SNPs, 829 cases vs. 217 963 controls) to enhance reliability.ResultsIRF7 and ADORA2B were shown to be two exposure factors after screening. Univariable MR (UVMR) analysis revealed that IRF7 was a risk factor for myocarditis [IVW: odd ratio (OR) = 1.041, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.018–1.955, P = 0.039], while ADORA2B was a protective factors for myocarditis (IVW: OR = 0.799, 95% CI = 0.640–0.997, P = 0.047). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings. Multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis further demonstrated a direct causal role of ADORA2B in preventing myocarditis. Subcellular localization analysis indicated predominant cytoplasmic expression and limited mitochondrial expression for both genes. The results of PPI analysis showed that 20 genes were predicted to be associated with IRF7 function, such as response to type I interferon, pattern recognition receptor signalling pathway, and toll‐like receptor signalling pathway. The results in finn‐b‐I9 MYOCARD EXNONE were consistent with MR analysis.ConclusionsThe findings indicated there was a causal connection between IRGs (IRF7 and ADORA2B) and myocarditis, which offered a crucial point of reference and guidance for future studies and myocarditis treatment.
Langerhans cells orchestrate apoptosis of DNA‐damaged keratinocytes upon high‐dose UVB skin exposure
Authors: Ortner Daniela , Strandt Helen , Tripp Christoph H. , Spoeck Sarah , Seretis Athanasios , Hornsteiner Florian , Dieckmann Sophie , Schmuth Matthias , Stoitzner Patrizia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) irradiation of the skin causes mutations that can promote the development of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. High‐dose UVB exposure triggers a vigorous skin reaction characterized by inflammation resulting in acute sunburn. This response includes the formation of sunburn cells and keratinocytes (KC) undergoing programmed cell death (apoptosis) when repair mechanisms of DNA damage are inadequate. The primary objective of this research was to clarify the involvement of Langerhans cells (LC) in the development of acute sunburn following intense UVB skin irradiation. To address this, we subjected the dorsal skin of mice to a single high‐dose UVB exposure and analyzed the immediate immune response occurring within the skin tissue. Acute sunburn triggered an activation of LC, coinciding with a rapid influx of neutrophils that produced TNF‐α. Furthermore, our investigation unveiled a marked increase in DNA‐damaged KC and the subsequent induction of apoptosis in these cells. Importantly, we demonstrate a crucial link between the inflammatory cascade, the initiation of apoptosis in DNA‐damaged KC, and the presence of LC in the skin. LC were observed to modulate the chemokine response in the skin following exposure to UVB, thereby affecting the trafficking of neutrophils. Skin lacking LC revealed diminished inflammation, contained fewer TNF‐α‐producing neutrophils, and due to the prevention of apoptosis induction, a lingering population of DNA‐damaged KC, presumably carrying the risk of enduring genomic alterations. In summary, our results underscore the pivotal role of LC in preserving the homeostasis of UVB‐irradiated skin. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying acute sunburn responses and their implications for UV‐induced skin cancer.