bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of tryptophan depletion on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-remitted patients with obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Hood Sean D , Broyd Annabel , Robinson Hayley , Lee Jessica , Hudaib Abdul-Rahman , Hince Dana A 
Published: November 2017

Background: Serotonergic antidepressants are first-line medication therapies for obsessive-compulsive disorder, however it is not known if synaptic serotonin availability is important for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor efficacy. The present study tested the hypothesis that temporary reduction in central serotonin transmission, through acute tryptophan depletion, would result in an increase in anxiety in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-remitted obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. Methods: Eight patients (four males) with obsessive-compulsive disorder who showed sustained clinical improvement with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment underwent acute tryptophan depletion in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design, over two days one week apart. Five hours after consumption of the depleting/sham drink the participants performed a personalized obsessive-compulsive disorder symptom exposure task. Psychological responses were measured using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Visual Analogue Scales. Results: Free plasma tryptophan to large neutral amino acid ratio decreased by 93% on the depletion day and decreased by 1% on the sham day, as anticipated. Psychological rating scores as measured by Visual Analogue Scale showed a significant decrease in perceived control and increase in interfering thoughts at the time of provocation on the depletion day but not on the sham day. A measure of convergent validity, namely Visual Analogue Scale Similar to past, was significantly higher at the time of provocation on both the depletion and sham days. Both the depletion and time of provocation scores for Visual Analogue Scale Anxiety, Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and blood pressure were not significant. Conclusions: Acute tryptophan depletion caused a significant decrease in perceived control and increase in interfering thoughts at the time of provocation. Acute tryptophan depletion had no effect on the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory or Visual Analogue Scale Anxiety measures, which suggests that the mechanism of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be different to that seen in panic, social anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Successful selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder may involve the ability of serotonin to switch habitual responding to goal-directed behaviour.
Effect of Anemia on Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Gadre Shruti K. , Jhand Aravdeep Singh , Abuqayyas Sami , Wang Xiaofeng , Guzman Jorge , Duggal Abhijit 
Published: November 2017

Rationale: The effect of anemia on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure is unknown. Objectives: To examine the association between anemia (hemoglobin <12 g/dL) and 90-day and overall mortality in patients with COPD having acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: Retrospective study of patients admitted to a quaternary referral medical intensive care unit (ICU) between October 2007 and December 2012 with a diagnosis of COPD and requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure of any cause. Results: We identified 1107 patients with COPD who required invasive mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Mean age was 64.2 ± 12.7 years; 563 (50.9%) were females. The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score at ICU admission was 80.5 ± 29.3. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 35.7 hours (interquartile range: 20.0-54.0). In all, 885 (79.9%) patients were anemic (Hb < 12g/dL) on ICU admission, and 312 patients (28.2%) received blood transfusion during their ICU stay. A total of 351 inhospital deaths were recorded, the majority (n = 320) occurring in the ICU. The 90-day mortality, though lower in the nonanemic patients compared to the patients with anemia, was not statistically significant (35.6% vs 44.9%; hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval; CI] = 1.16 [0.91 -1.48], P = .22). The overall mortality was lower in the nonanemic patients compared to patients with anemia (HR [95% CI] = 0.68 [0.55-0.83], P < .001). There was a 5% decrease in risk of death for every unit increase in hemoglobin ( P = .01). There was no difference in terms of both 90-day and overall mortality in patients who received blood transfusions compared to patients who did not receive any transfusion. Conclusions: Critically ill patients with COPD requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure without anemia on admission had a better overall survival when compared to those with anemia. No difference was noted in the 90-day mortality. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of the trajectory of hemoglobin on mortality.
Current European guidelines for management of cardiovascular disease: Is medical treatment in nearly half a population realistic?
Authors: Vinther Johan L , Jacobsen Rikke K , Jørgensen Torben 
Published: November 2017

Background Health checks of the general population are widely used to prevent cardiovascular diseases, but are the current clinical guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) suitable for screening the general population? Design A cross-sectional, population-based study of 978 men and women aged 40–65 years examined in 2010–2011 was used to estimate the proportion of the general Danish population fulfilling the criteria from the clinical guidelines from the ESC on medical treatment and lifestyle intervention to prevent cardiovascular disease. Methods The ESC criteria for medical treatment and lifestyle intervention were applied to a general population using information on previous cardiovascular diseases, known diabetes, urinalbumin, smoking, total cholesterol, systolic and diabolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a multifactor risk score (SCORE). Results A total of 12.5% fulfilled the criteria for immediate medical treatment to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, 30.4% are recommended for medical treatment if an initial lifestyle intervention fails summing to 42.9% eligible for medical treatment. The majority (79%) of persons aged 60–65 years are eligible for medical treatment, while close to half (44.9%) of all persons aged 50–59 years are recommended for medical treatment. Conclusion If ESC’s guidelines were followed in Denmark, a conservative estimate shows that medical preventive treatment would involve nearly half the general population aged 40–65 years. The use of these guidelines in screening of the general population can be questioned as realistic and suitable.
Obesity and risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and progression to multiple myeloma: a population-based study
Authors: Thordardottir Marianna , Lindqvist Ebba K. , Lund Sigrun H. , Costello Rene , Burton Debra , Korde Neha , Mailankody Sham , Eiriksdottir Gudny , Launer Lenore J. , Gudnason Vilmundur , Harris Tamara B. , Landgren Ola , Kristinsson Sigurdur Y. 
Published: November 2017

Key PointsObesity is not associated with MGUS or LC-MGUS. High body mass index during midlife is associated with increased risk of progressing from MGUS and LC-MGUS to MM and other LP diseases.
Comparison of in vivo antibacterial and antithrombotic activities of two types of pulmonary artery catheters in pig
Authors: Han Jung Wook , Shin Yeon Soo , Kim Jung Ju , Son Ho Sung 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
During pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) implantation, inaccurate measurements of hemodynamic parameters due to infection or thrombosis of PAC can result in severe complications.

Method
In order to develop a new PAC material, we evaluated the antibacterial and antithrombotic activities of the two types of PAC (Swan Ganz catheter and prototype catheter) in 14 pigs.

Results
In the 3-day group, bacterial infection rate was not different between the two types of PAC. In the 7-day group, bacterial infection rate of the prototype catheter was twice as elevated as that of the Swan-Ganz catheter. In the 3-day group, thrombus formation rate of the prototype catheter was twice as elevated as that of the Swan-Ganz catheter. In the 7-day group, thrombus formation rate was the same for the two types of PAC.

Conclusion
Here, we report an experimental pig model that confirms differences in antibacterial and antithrombotic activities.
Application of Policy Deployment and Daily Management in service sector
Authors: Sachdev Anil , Agrawal Jitendra 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background
Policy Deployment and Daily Management are two critical vehicles of Total Quality Management implementation in a company. Integration of these two vehicles has been discussed and adequately addressed in a few companies that have been practicing Total Quality Management for a long time. However, most companies often face challenges and difficulties in ensuring smooth and seamless transfer of Policy Deployment plans into Daily Management activities.

Case description
The challenge is even bigger in service sector which embarked on the Total Quality Management journey barely 5–6 years ago. The service sector has traditionally used Balanced Scorecard which has relatively weaker emphasis on the means to achieve the targets. The authors of this report have found a customized and unique model whose success has been demonstrated through deployment in two customer-facing processes in a large life insurance company in India. The traditional approach used in manufacturing industry has been simplified and customized for the effective application in the service sector.

Discussions & Evaluation
The traditional approach used in manufacturing industry has been simplified and customised for the effective application in the service sector. A survey was done to identify the issues and the approach was modified and implemented in couple of key customer-facing processes.

Conclusion
The phenomenal results have led to a big ‘pull’ from other process owners to replicate this approach across all operational and support processes. Initial ‘reluctant participants’ of the process have now become the ‘champions’ and truly the ‘change catalysts’ for this approach. The process is now being replicated in several other processes across several Industrial sectors.
Sensitive periods for the effect of childhood interpersonal violence on psychiatric disorder onset among adolescents
Authors: Dunn Erin C. , Wang Yan , Tse Jenny , McLaughlin Katie A. , Fitzmaurice Garrett , Gilman Stephen E. , Susser Ezra S. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundAlthough childhood adversity is a strong determinant of psychopathology, it remains unclear whether there are ‘sensitive periods’ when a first episode of adversity is most harmful.AimsTo examine whether variation in the developmental timing of a first episode of interpersonal violence (up to age 18) associates with risk for psychopathology.MethodUsing cross-sectional data, we examined the association between age at first exposure to four types of interpersonal violence (physical abuse by parents, physical abuse by others, rape, and sexual assault/molestation) and onset of four classes of DSM-IV disorders (distress, fear, behaviour, substance use) (n=9984). Age at exposure was defined as: early childhood (ages 0–5), middle childhood (ages 6–10) and adolescence (ages 11–18).ResultsExposure to interpersonal violence at any age period about doubled the risk of a psychiatric disorder (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.51–2.52). However, few differences in risk were observed based on the timing of first exposure. After conducting 20 tests of association, only three significant differences in risk were observed based on the timing of exposure; these results suggested an elevated risk of behaviour disorder among youth first exposed to any type of interpersonal violence during adolescence (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.69–3.34), especially being beaten by another person (OR = 2.44; 95% CI 1.57–3.79), and an elevated risk of substance use disorder among youth beaten by someone during adolescence (OR=2.77, 95% CI 1.94–3.96).ConclusionsChildren exposed to interpersonal violence had an elevated risk of psychiatric disorder. However, age at first episode of exposure was largely unassociated with psychopathology risk.
Linking Reminders and Physician Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations: Results From a National Survey
Authors: Siembida Elizabeth J. , Radhakrishnan Archana , Nowak Sarah A. , Parker Andrew M. , Pollack Craig Evan 
Published: November 2017

Purpose Physician reminders have successfully increased rates of mammography. However, considering recent changes to breast cancer screening guidelines that disagree on the optimal age to start and stop mammography screening, we sought to examine the extent to which reminders have been deployed for breast cancer screening targeting younger and older patients. Methods A mailed survey was sent to a national sample of 2,000 primary care physicians between May and September 2016. Physicians were asked whether they received reminders to screen women in various age groups (40 to 44, 45 to 49, and ≥ 75 years), the organizational screening guidelines they trusted most, and whether they recommended routine breast cancer screening to average-risk women in the different age groups. Using regression models, we assessed the association between reminders and physician screening recommendations, controlling for physician and practice characteristics, and evaluated whether the association varied by the guidelines they trusted. Results A total of 871 physicians responded (adjusted response rate, 52.3%). Overall, 28.9% of physicians reported receiving reminders for patient ages 40 to 44 years, 32.5% for patient ages 45 to 49 years, and 16.5% for patient ages ≥ 75 years. Receiving reminders significantly increased the likelihood of physicians recommending mammography screening. In adjusted analyses, 84% (95% CI, 77% to 90%) of physicians who received reminders recommended screening for women ages ≥ 75 versus 65% (95% CI, 62% to 69%) of those who did not receive reminders. The associations between reminders and screening recommendations remained consistent regardless of which guidelines physicians reported trusting. Conclusion Reminders were significantly associated with increases in physician screening recommendations for mammography, underscoring the need for careful implementation in scenarios where guidelines are discordant.
TMPRSS2-ERG Fusions Unexpectedly Identified in Men Initially Diagnosed With Nonprostatic Malignancies
Authors: Lara Primo N. , Heilmann Andreas M. , Elvin Julia A. , Parikh Mamta , de Vere White Ralph , Gandour-Edwards Regina , Evans Christopher P. , Pan Chong-Xian , Schrock Alexa B. , Erlich Rachel , Ross Jeffrey S. , Stephens Philip J. , McPherson John , Miller Vincent A. , Ali Siraj M. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions are frequently found in prostate cancer and are pathognomonic for prostatic origin. In a series of cancer cases assayed with comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) in the course of clinical care, we reviewed the frequency of TMPRSS2-ERG fusions in patient tumors of various histologic subtypes. Methods Frequency of TMPRSS2-ERG fusions was determined in CGPs from 64,263 cancer cases submitted to Foundation Medicine to assess genomic alterations suggesting benefit from targeted therapy. Genomic results are presented from an index case of prostate cancer that underwent evolution from adenocarcinoma to pure squamous cell carcinoma. Results TMPRSS2-ERG fusions were identified for 0.86% of male patients (250 of 29,030) and not found for female patients (none of 35,233). TMPRSS2-ERG fusions were detected in six tumors classified as squamous carcinoma, five of which were of unknown primary site. The index case is a patient with a large, left retrovesical mass diagnosed as squamous carcinoma by morphologic examination and a history of Gleason score 9 prostate cancer with prior prostatectomy and salvage radiation therapy. TMPRSS2-ERG was detected by genomic profiling in the squamous cell tumor, the primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate, and in a metachronous prostatic adenocarcinoma metastasis. On the basis of these results, the patient received androgen deprivation therapy. A phylogenetic tree demonstrating clonal and histopathologic evolution of prostate cancer in the index patient was constructed. Conclusion In this large CGP dataset, TMPRSS2-ERG fusion was seen in approximately 30% of prostate cancers regardless of histologic type; on occasion, the fusion was detected in advanced cancers not initially carrying a diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. CGP of advanced cancers in men may reveal prostatic origin by detection of the pathognomonic TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene.
Giantin-knockout models reveal a feedback loop between Golgi function and glycosyltransferase expression
Authors: Stevenson Nicola L. , Bergen Dylan J. M. , Skinner Roderick E. H. , Kague Erika , Martin-Silverstone Elizabeth , Robson Brown Kate A. , Hammond Chrissy L. , Stephens David J. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
The Golgi is the cellular hub for complex glycosylation, controlling accurate processing of complex proteoglycans, receptors, ligands and glycolipids. Its structure and organisation are dependent on golgins, which tether cisternal membranes and incoming transport vesicles. Here, we show that knockout of the largest golgin, giantin, leads to substantial changes in gene expression but only limited effects on Golgi structure. Notably, 22 Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases, but not glycan-processing enzymes or the ER glycosylation machinery, are differentially expressed following giantin ablation. This includes near-complete loss of function of GALNT3 in both mammalian cell and zebrafish models. Giantin-knockout zebrafish exhibit hyperostosis and ectopic calcium deposits, recapitulating phenotypes of hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis, a disease caused by mutations in GALNT3. These data reveal a new feature of Golgi homeostasis: the ability to regulate glycosyltransferase expression to generate a functional proteoglycome.
Clinical protocol for the registration of individual translucent zones of frontal teeth
Authors: Todorov Rangel , Todorov Georgi , Zlatev Stefan 
Published: November 2017

In contemporary dentistry, a successful restoration should not only restore the shape and function of the impaired dentition, but also contribute to the overall aesthetic appearance. In order to achieve this goal, the dental team should possess complete information about the different optical dimensions of the tooth structure. Besides the standard properties of the color, it is important to define, register and interpret the shape and position of the individual translucent zone.With the help of a device and software developed by the authors, a five step clinical protocol has been developed by the authors for individual translucent zone registration, with the help of trans-illumination. The translucent areas are then shown in a digital photograph of the teeth, analyzed and interpreted. The translucent zone is finally visualized as a ‘translucent map’, which is clearly defined, and is easily interpreted and used by the dental team.
Prevalences of inherited red blood cell disorders in pregnant women of different ethnicities living along the Thailand-Myanmar border
Authors: Bancone Germana , Gilder Mary Ellen , Chowwiwat Nongnud , Gornsawun Gornpan , Win Elsi , Cho Win Win , Moo Eh , Min Aung Myat , Charunwatthana Prakaykaew , Carrara Verena I. , White Nicholas J. , Nosten François , McGready Rose 
Published: November 2017

Background: Inherited red blood cell disorders are prevalent in populations living in malaria endemic areas; G6PD deficiency is associated with oxidant-induced haemolysis and abnormal haemoglobin variants may cause chronic anaemia. In pregnant women, microcytic anaemia caused by haemoglobinopathies mimics iron deficiency, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Anaemia during pregnancy is associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to characterise the prevalence of G6PD deficiency and haemoglobinopathies among the pregnant population living along the Thailand-Myanmar border. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in this area belong to several distinct ethnic groups. Methods: Data were available for 13,520 women attending antenatal care between July 2012 and September 2016. Screening for G6PD deficiency was done by fluorescent spot test routinely. G6PD genotyping and quantitative phenotyping by spectrophotometry were analysed in a subsample of women. Haemoglobin variants were diagnosed by HPLC or capillary electrophoresis and molecular methods. The prevalence and distribution of inherited red blood cell disorders was analysed with respect to ethnicity. Results: G6PD deficiency was common, especially in the Sgaw Karen ethnic group, in whom the G6PD Mahidol variant allele frequency was 20.7%. Quantitative G6PD phenotyping showed that 60.5% of heterozygous women had an intermediate enzymatic activity between 30% and 70% of the population median. HbE, beta-thalassaemia trait and Hb Constant Spring were found overall in 15.6% of women. Only 45.2% of women with low percentage of HbA2 were carriers of mutations on the alpha globin genes. Conclusions: Distribution of G6PD and haemoglobin variants varied among the different ethnic groups, but the prevalence was generally high throughout the cohort. These findings encourage the implementation of an extended program of information and genetic counselling to women of reproductive age and will help inform future studies and current clinical management of anaemia in the pregnant population in this region.