bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a general practitioner‐led cardiometabolic clinic: Physical health profile and treatment outcomes for clients on clozapine
Authors: Coates Dominiek , Woodford Patricia , Higgins Oliver , Grover Deborah 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe present study is a review of a cardiometabolic clinic for consumers taking clozapine. This clinic was recently established and co‐located with the clozapine clinic at a regional hospital in New South Wales, Australia, to enhance engagement and improve the physical health outcomes of consumers taking antipsychotic medication. A descriptive analysis of clients’ (n = 73) information collected during routine care for the first 6 months of the clinic's operation, from January 2016 to July 2016, was conducted. First‐visit data were analysed to establish a client profile, consisting of weight, height, blood pressure, pulse, a range of blood measurements, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and eating and exercise habits. Data collected for clients who had three or more visits with the general practitioner (n = 40) were analysed separately for outcomes. Two case studies are used to depict the service received and client profile. At the first appointment, the majority of clients had metabolic syndrome that was mostly left untreated; many of these clients were commenced on metformin. The outcomes are positive, and show that the majority of clients lost weight (82.5%) and had a reduction in body mass index (84.6%); nearly half (44.4%) had a reduction in waist circumference. The majority of clients self‐reported increased physical activity (72.5%, n = 29) and positive dietary changes (77.5%, n = 31) since their first appointment. The model trialled by the cardiometabolic clinic integrated a specialist mental health and primary care service, and demonstrates success in engaging clients with severe mental illness in physical health care. Co‐location is conceptualized as critical for positive patient outcomes and high levels of engagement.
Service Lifetime, Storage Time, and Disposal Pathways of Electronic Equipment: A Swiss Case Study
Authors: Thiébaud (‐Müller) Esther , Hilty Lorenz M. , Schluep Mathias , Widmer Rolf , Faulstich Martin 
Published: February 2017

SummaryProduct lifetime is an essential aspect of dynamic material flow analyses and has been modeled using lifetime distribution functions, mostly average lifetimes. Existing data regarding the lifetime of electronic equipment (EE) are based on diverging definitions of lifetime as well as different temporal and regional scopes. After its active use, EE is often not disposed of immediately, but remains in storage for some time. Specific data on the share of EE that is stored and the time they remain in storage are scarce. This article investigates the service lifetime, storage time, and disposal pathways of ten electronic device types, based on data from an online survey complemented by structured interviews. We distinguish between new and secondhand devices and compute histograms, averages, and medians of the different lifetimes and their change over time. The average service lifetime varies from 3.3 years for mobile phones to 10.8 years for large loudspeakers, the average storage time from 0.8 years for flat panel display televisions to 3.6 years for large loudspeakers. Most service lifetime histograms are positively skewed and show substantial differences among device types. The storage time histograms, being more similar to one another, indicate that the storage behavior is similar for most device types. The data on disposal pathways show that a large proportion of devices are stored and reused before they reach the collection scheme.
A Metric for Quantifying Product‐Level Circularity
Authors: Linder Marcus , Sarasini Steven , van Loon Patricia 
Published: February 2017

SummaryCircularity metrics are useful for empirically assessing the effects of a circular economy in terms of profitability, job creation, and environmental impacts. At present, however, there is no standardized method for measuring the circularity of products. We start by reviewing existing product‐level metrics in terms of validity and reliability, taking note of theoretically justified principles for aggregating different types of material flows and cycles into a single value. We then argue that the economic value of product parts may constitute a useful basis for such aggregation; describe a set of principles for using economic value as a basis for measuring product circularity; and outline a metric that utilizes this approach. Our recommendation is to use the ratio of recirculated economic value to total product value as a circularity metric, using value chain costs as an estimator. In order to protect value chain actors’ sensitive financial data and facilitate neutrality regarding outsourcing or insourcing, we suggest a means to calculate product‐level circularity based on sequential approximations of adding one product part and activity at a time. We conclude by suggesting potential avenues for further research, including ways in which the proposed metric can be used in wider assessments of the circular economy, and ways in which it may be further refined.
Influence of Core‐Veneer Thickness Ratio on the Fracture Load and Failure Mode of Zirconia Crowns
Authors: Soares Luciana Mara , Soares Cristiano , Miranda Milton Edson , Basting Roberta Tarkany 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the influence of different core‐veneer thickness (CVT) ratios on fracture loads and failure modes of zirconia crowns with or without thermomechanical cycling (TC).Materials and MethodsForty yttrium‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y‐TZP) cores were veneered with a pressable ceramic and divided into four groups (n = 10): group 1 ‐ 1:3 CVT ratio (0.5‐mm core, 1.5‐mm veneer); group 2 ‐ 1:1 CVT ratio (1.0‐mm core, 1.0‐mm veneer); groups 3 and 4 ‐ identical to groups 1 and 2, respectively, except that they underwent TC (1,000,000 cycles with an 84‐N load applied at a 4‐Hz frequency, temperature cycling at 4°C, 37°C, and 55°C – 30 seconds each). Loads were applied axially to the central fossa of the crowns with a 1 mm/min crosshead speed at 200 N until failure.ResultsTwo‐way ANOVA showed that the crowns with a 1:3 CVT ratio had a lower mean fracture load than crowns with a 1:1 CVT ratio (group 1 = 1666.4 ± 466.4 N; group 2 = 2156.6 ± 472.3 N). TC had no effect on the fracture load for crowns with the same CVT ratio. The failures observed for the crowns in groups 1, 3, and 4 were fractures within the veneering ceramic, which exposed the core. The failure severity of fractures for group 2 was less extensive, characterized by chipping within the ceramic veneer.ConclusionCrowns with a 1:1 CVT ratio had higher fracture load values and more conservative failures. TC had no effect on the fracture load of the ceramic crowns.
High prevalence of dental caries among HIV‐infected children in West Africa compared to uninfected siblings
Authors: Rajonson Noëlla , Meless David , Ba Boubacar , Faye Malick , Diby Jean‐Serge , N'zore Serge , Datté Sébastien , Diecket Lucrèce , N'Diaye Clémentine , Aka Edmond Addi , Kouakou Kouadio , Ba Abou , Ekouévi Didier Koumavi , Dabis François , Shiboski Caroline , Arrivé Elise 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe objectives of this study were to investigate the association between HIV infection and dental caries among children in West Africa, and to identify factors associated with dental caries among HIV‐infected children.MethodsWe conducted a multi‐center cross‐sectional study in Mali, Senegal and Côte d'Ivoire with a random sample of HIV‐infected children aged 5‐15 years on antiretroviral therapy and their uninfected siblings. A standardized examination was performed by calibrated dentists. The association between the number of decayed, missing or filled permanent and primary teeth surfaces (DMFdefS) and HIV status was investigated by fitting multivariable zero‐inflated negative binomial models, for each age group (<12 and ≥12 years). Factors associated with dental caries could be investigated only for HIV‐infected children <12 years old.ResultsThe sample included 420 HIV‐infected children and 418 non‐infected siblings. The median DMFdefS was 7 for the HIV‐infected children and 2 for the uninfected siblings. The proportion of children with DMFdefS ≥1 was significantly higher among the HIV‐infected children than uninfected children (86.0 percent versus 64.4 percent, P < 0.001). The HIV‐infected children were less likely to be caries‐free than the uninfected siblings in both age groups. We found a higher degree of caries experience among HIV‐infected children < 12 years old, in whom it was associated with sweet drink consumption, history of night bottle use, immunosuppression, and younger age at study entry.ConclusionsAlthough preventable, the burden of dental disease was high in children from families affected by HIV in West Africa and was associated with HIV infection and immunosuppression.
Disentangling the effects of compositional and structural diversity on forest productivity
Authors: Silva Pedro Mariana , Rammer Werner , Seidl Rupert 
Published: February 2017

AbstractQuestionsTree species diversity is widely reported to positively influence forest productivity. Yet, a consistent attribution of productivity effects is complicated by the fact that compositional and structural diversity are often related in forest ecosystems. Here, our objective was to disentangle the effects of diversity in species and structures on forest productivity. We further assessed whether the influence of structure and composition on productivity changes over the course of forest development.LocationHainich National Park, central Germany.MethodsWe conducted a factorial simulation experiment in which 63 unique combinations of six different tree species were studied over 500 yr of forest development. The model used wasiLand, a process‐based simulator operating at individual tree resolution. The indicators of compositional diversity considered included species richness, entropy, evenness and identity, while structural diversity was characterized by indicators describing vertical and horizontal stand structure. Net primary production (NPP) was studied as the response variable, and random forest analysis was used to synthesize simulation output.ResultsWe found positive effects of both compositional and structural diversity on productivity, but their influence changed distinctly over the course of forest development. In early‐seral stages, diversity effects onNPPwere dominated by aspects of tree species composition, and displayed a strong positive selection effect for European beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.). In later stages of forest development, diversity effects onNPPwere dominated by structural diversity, with productivity increasing with increased variation in tree diameter and canopy complexity.ConclusionTo better understand the effects of diversity on ecosystem functioning, both the compositional and structural dimensions of diversity in forest ecosystems (and their changes over time) need to be considered. In the context of ecosystem management our results suggest that the reduction in productivity associated with the loss of a canopy tree species (e.g. due to the invasion of an alien pest species) can to some degree be compensated through increased structural diversity. Fostering both compositional and structural diversity are important means to increase the robustness of forest ecosystem functioning.
PIK3CA‐mutated melanoma cells rely on cooperative signaling through mTORC1/2 for sustained proliferation
Authors: Silva Jillian M. , Deuker Marian M. , Baguley Bruce C. , McMahon Martin 
Published: February 2017

SummaryMalignant conversion of BRAF‐ or NRAS‐mutated melanocytes into melanoma cells can be promoted by PI3′‐lipid signaling. However, the mechanism by which PI3′‐lipid signaling cooperates with mutationally activated BRAF or NRAS has not been adequately explored. Using human NRAS‐ or BRAF‐mutated melanoma cells that co‐express mutationally activated PIK3CA, we explored the contribution of PI3′‐lipid signaling to cell proliferation. Despite mutational activation of PIK3CA, melanoma cells were more sensitive to the biochemical and antiproliferative effects of broader spectrum PI3K inhibitors than to an α‐selective PI3K inhibitor. Combined pharmacological inhibition of MEK1/2 and PI3K signaling elicited more potent antiproliferative effects and greater inhibition of the cell division cycle compared to single‐agent inhibition of either pathway alone. Analysis of signaling downstream of MEK1/2 or PI3K revealed that these pathways cooperate to regulate cell proliferation through mTORC1‐mediated effects on ribosomal protein S6 and 4E‐BP1 phosphorylation in an AKT‐dependent manner. Although PI3K inhibition resulted in cytostatic effects on xenografted NRASQ61H/PIK3CAH1047R melanoma, combined inhibition of MEK1/2 plus PI3K elicited significant melanoma regression. This study provides insights as to how mutationally activated PIK3CA acts in concert with MEK1/2 signaling to cooperatively regulate mTORC1/2 to sustain PIK3CA‐mutated melanoma proliferation.
Walking the walk, talking the talk: Love languages, self‐regulation, and relationship satisfaction
Authors: BUNT SELENA , HAZELWOOD ZOE J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMuch clinical work has utilized G. Chapman's (1995) “love languages” model to promote relationship satisfaction, yet the model remains untested. This study addressed this issue by testing the hypothesis that couples with aligned love languages would report higher relationship satisfaction; we also explored the role that self‐regulation played in promoting satisfaction. A total of 67 heterosexual couples were assessed on love language preference, self‐regulation, and relationship satisfaction. Results provided limited evidence that love language alignment promotes satisfaction; self‐regulation contributed greater variance in satisfaction. Dyadic analyses identified that female self‐regulation positively impacted both male and female relationship satisfaction when couples had dissimilar primary love languages, although significant actor effects were also important predictors for both genders. The outcomes of this study suggest that the effectiveness of Chapman's model may be dependent on both spouses exhibiting appropriate self‐regulatory behaviors and that female self‐regulation plays an important role in predicting relationship satisfaction for both partners when they have different preferred love languages.
Simultaneously Modelling Clustered Marginal Counts and Multinomial Proportions with Zero Inflation with Application to Analysis of Osteoporotic Fractures Data
Authors: Hasan M. Tariqul , Sneddon Gary , Ma Renjun 
Published: February 2017

SummaryOsteoporotic fractures are known to be highly recurring. We investigate bone-dependent and bone-independent risk factors of osteoporotic fracture frequency and relative proportions at various body locations by using the data from the osteoporotic fracture study that was conducted by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2008. We propose a new zero-inflated baseline category multinomial mixed model to characterize the clustered count responses and multinomial proportions by subject simultaneously while taking account of zero inflation and randomness of cluster sizes. Our approach gives additional insights into the risk factors of osteoporotic fracture frequencies at various body locations. This joint modelling of fracture frequency also allows us to characterize relative proportion patterns at various body locations by subject between men and women across age. These findings have clear policy relevance to appropriate osteoporotic fracture prevention and resource allocation.
Features and prognostic impact of distant metastases in 45 dogs with de novo stage IV cutaneous mast cell tumours: A prospective study
Authors: Pizzoni S. , Sabattini S. , Stefanello D. , Dentini A. , Ferrari R. , Dacasto M. , Giantin M. , Laganga P. , Amati M. , Tortorella G. , Marconato L. 
Published: February 2017

Background
Distant metastases in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCT) are rare and incurable. The aims of this prospective study were to clarify the clinico‐pathological features of stage IV cMCTs and to identify possible prognostic factors for progression‐free interval (PFI) and survival time (ST).
Material and methodsDogs were eligible for recruitment if they had a previously untreated, histologically confirmed cMCT and if they underwent complete staging demonstrating stage IV disease. Dogs were uniformly followed‐up, whereas treatment was not standardized and included no therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, tyrosine‐kinase inhibitors or a combination of these.Results45 dogs with stage IV cMCT were enrolled. All dogs had distant metastatic disease, and 41 (91.1%) dogs had also metastasis in the regional lymph node. Histopathological grade and mutational status greatly varied among dogs. Median ST was 110 days. Notably, PFI and ST were independent of well‐known prognostic factors, including anatomic site, histological grade, and mutational status. Conversely, tumor diameter >3 cm, more than 2 metastatic sites, bone marrow infiltration, and lack of tumor control at the primary site were confirmed to be negative prognostic factors by multivariate analysis.ConclusionCurrently, there is no satisfactory treatment for stage IV cMCT. Asymptomatic dogs with tumor diameter <3 cm and a low tumor burden, without bone marrow infiltration may be candidates for multimodal treatment. Stage IV dogs without lymph node metastasis may enjoy a surprisingly prolonged survival. The achievement of local tumor control seems to predict a better outcome in dogs with stage IV cMCT.
Prospective Science Teachers' Perception Related to Formative Assessment Approaches in Turkey
Authors: Yaşar M. Diyaddin 
Published: February 2017

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the perceptions and competences of prospective science teachers about formative assessment approaches. Qualitative case study methodology was used in the study. Research group consisted of 17 senior students of science education. As a data collection tool, a semi-structured "Formative Assessment Perception Interview Form" was used which was developed by the researcher. The data were collected by conducting a total of ten in-depth interviews, 8 with focus groups and another 2 as face -to-face. Collected data were subjected to content analysis. Study findings revealed that perceptions and competences of prospective science teachers on formative assessment approaches are very low and not sufficient. In particular, it was found out in this study that prospective science teachers are familiar with the definition and function of formative assessment approaches (12%) at a low extent albeit; however, they are seriously deficient about for what purpose (7% competence) they will use and choose them, how to prepare such approaches (3% competence), how to interpret and score effects of the results for the learning-teaching process (2% competence). Science teacher training curricula need to be revised in a way to give prospective teachers a training and preparation in practical, long-term and real learning-teaching environments for formative assessment approaches.
Variations in body morphology explain sex differences in thermoeffector function during compensable heat stress
Authors: Notley Sean R. , Park Joonhee , Tagami Kyoko , Ohnishi Norikazu , Taylor Nigel A. S. 
Published: February 2017

New FindingsWhat is the central question of this study?Can sex‐related differences in cutaneous vascular and sudomotor responses be explained primarily by variations in the ratio between body surface area and mass during compensable exercise that elicits equivalent heat‐loss requirements and mean body temperature changes across participants?What is the main finding and its importance?Mass‐specific surface area was a significant determinant of vasomotor and sudomotor responses in men and women, explaining 10–48% of the individual thermoeffector variance. Nonetheless, after accounting for changes in mean body temperature and morphological differences, sex explained only 5% of that inter‐individual variability. It was concluded that sex differences in thermoeffector function are morphologically dependent, but not sex dependent.Sex is sometimes thought to be an independent modulator of cutaneous vasomotor and sudomotor function during heat exposure. Nevertheless, it was hypothesized that, when assessed during compensable exercise that evoked equal heat‐loss requirements across participants, sex differences in those thermoeffectors would be explained by variations in the ratio between body surface area and mass (specific surface area). To evaluate that possibility, vasomotor and sudomotor functions were assessed in 60 individuals (36 men and 24 women) with widely varying (overlapping) specific surface areas (range, 232.3–292.7 and 241.2–303.1 cm2 kg−1, respectively). Subjects completed two trials in compensable conditions (28°C, 36% relative humidity) involving rest (20 min) and steady‐state cycling (45 min) at fixed, area‐specific metabolic heat‐production rates (light, ∼135 W m−2; moderate, ∼200 W m−2). Equivalent heat‐loss requirements and mean body temperature changes were evoked across participants. Forearm blood flow and vascular conductance were positively related to specific surface area during light work in men (r = 0.67 andr = 0.66, respectively; bothP < 0.05) and during both exercise intensities in women (light,r = 0.57 andr = 0.69; and moderate,r = 0.64 andr = 0.68; allP < 0.05). Whole‐body and local sweat rates were negatively related to that ratio (correlation coefficient range, −0.33 to −0.62; allP < 0.05) during both work rates in men and women. Those relationships accounted for 10–48% of inter‐individual thermoeffector variance (P < 0.05). Furthermore, after accounting for morphological differences, sex explained no more than 5% of that variability (P < 0.05). It was concluded that, when assessed during compensable exercise, sex differences in thermoeffector function were largely determined morphologically, rather than being sex dependent.
How a fly photoreceptor samples light information in time
Authors: Juusola Mikko , Song Zhuoyi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA photoreceptor's information capture is constrained by the structure and function of its light‐sensitive parts. Specifically, in a fly photoreceptor, this limit is set by the number of its photon sampling units (microvilli), constituting its light sensor (the rhabdomere), and the speed and recoverability of their phototransduction reactions. In this review, using an insightful constructionist viewpoint of a fly photoreceptor being an ‘imperfect’ photon counting machine, we explain how these constraints give rise to adaptive quantal information sampling in time, which maximises information in responses to salient light changes while antialiasing visual signals. Interestingly, such sampling innately determines also why photoreceptors extract more information, and more economically, from naturalistic light contrast changes than Gaussian white‐noise stimuli, and we explicate why this is so. Our main message is that stochasticity in quantal information sampling is less noise and more processing, representing an ‘evolutionary adaptation’ to generate a reliable neural estimate of the variable world.
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Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteriophage PMBT1 Isolated from Raw Sewage
Authors: Koberg Sabrina , Brinks Erik , Fiedler Gregor , Hüsing Christina , Cho Gyu-Sung , Hoeppner Marc P. , Heller Knut J. , Neve Horst , Franz Charles M. A. P. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

A bacteriophage virulent for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain 182 was isolated from sewage. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome showed high similarity to the genomes of other
Klebsiella pneumoniae
phages. It comprises 175,206 bp with a mol% G+C content of 41.9 and contains 276 putative open reading frames (ORFs) and one tRNA.