bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐targets cleavage of BmNPV genome through genome‐wide repeat sequence using CRISPR/Cas9 antiviral system
Authors: Liu Yujia , Yang Xu , Wu Ping , Guo Xijie , Liu Zulian , Huang Yongping , Xu Xia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe escalating severity of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) infections poses significant challenges to the silkworm industry, especially when massive production shifts occur from the eastern regions to western regions with lower labor costs. Education and experience levels are different and disease control is badly needed. To solve the problems, we have developed an innovative CRISPR/Cas9 system specifically targeting BmNPV to enhance viral resistance. For the system, we selected BmNPV genes linked to virus replication and proliferation as targets, designing 2 sites for each gene. Mutating the target sequence renders the system incapable of efficiently cleaving the virus genome, hence decreasing cleavage efficiency. We conducted a search for “NGG” or “CCN” target sequences in the BmNPV genome, excluding non‐recurring and potential targets in the B. mori genome. We successfully identified 2 distinct target sequences in the BmNPV genome—one being repeated 12 times and the other three times. These sequences lead to fragmentation of virus genome into multiple large segments that are difficult to repair. Transgenic silkworms demonstrate robust resistance to viruses, significantly boosting their survival rates compared with wild‐type silkworms under various virus infection concentrations. Our system efficiently targets dozens of viral genomes with just 2 sequences, minimizing transposable elements while ensuring cutting effectiveness. This marks a pioneering advancement by using repetitive elements within the virus genome for targeted CRISPR cleavage, aiming for antiviral effects through genome fragmentation rather than disrupting essential viral genes. Our research introduces innovative concepts to CRISPR antiviral investigations and shows promise for the practical application of gene editing in industrial silkworm strains.
Obstructive sleep apnoea, sleep bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux – mutually interacting conditions? A literature review
Authors: Thomas Davis C. , Colonna Anna , Manfredini Daniele 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe purpose of the present manuscript is to provide an overview for researchers and clinicians summarizing the knowledge concerning the relationship between some of the main sleep‐related conditions of dental interest: sleep bruxism (SB), obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Starting with the discussion of the evolving current knowledge on SB, the interconnections are discussed. Most of the available literature focused on the possible relationship between OSA and SB, but a clear pathophysiological connection or temporal relationship has not been identified. Despite the paucity of data on the possible commonalities, SB, OSA and GERD constitute a complex network of conditions that may affect the clinical and research dental practice, and they are rarely found in isolation. In this scenario, the key role of dental practitioners as sentinel in the case of these sleep‐related conditions is important, thanks to their ability and the knowledge to identify signs, symptoms and risk factors that are signs of ongoing sleep‐related conditions. Thus, dental practitioners are recommended to view bruxism as a potential gateway to medicine.
Relationship of incidence of radix entomolaris and C‐shaped canal in mandibular molars using CBCT: A multi‐centre study
Authors: Mohamed Khazin Sobrina , Omar Siti Hajar , Kamaruzaman Marlena , Abd Ghani Huwaina , Deepthi Mandava , Kamarudin Diyana , Baharin Safura Anita , Chakravarthy Vinayak Pishipati Kalyan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the relationship of incidence between radix entomolaris (RE) in permanent mandibular first molars (FM) with C‐shaped canal (CSC) in permanent mandibular second molars (SM). A total of 1015 cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of permanent mandibular molars from Malaysian patients were collected retrospectively and analysed by researchers from seven dental schools in Malaysia trained in CBCT technology. The presence and absence of RE and CSC were scored as ‘yes’ or ‘no’. The prevalence of FM with RE was 21.2% and SM with CSC was 37.9%. The co‐occurrence of RE and CSC in the same quadrant was 6.5% (OR = 1.497, p = 0.014). Female, Chinese and samples from Eastern Peninsular Malaysia were associated with CSC in SM (p < 0.05). The increased appearance of CSC in SM when RE is present in FM makes it imperative for clinicians to be vigilant during examination and diagnosis to prevent potential endodontic mishaps.
Analytical leapfrogging? A conference presentation about ‘caring on the move’
Authors: Middleton Jennie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses the idea of ‘analytical leapfrogging’ by considering how and why we can sometimes be tempted to jump over or ignore a more formal analytical phase in our research. It does this by discussing a vignette presented in a conference session relating to preliminary research on everyday mobilities, care and children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). The paper offers some critical reflections on the implications of refracting early project ideas through our own lived experiences and the significance of our analytical histories in shaping the work that we do.
Short‐term surgical outcomes of open, laparoscopic, and robot‐assisted pancreatoduodenectomy: A comparative, single‐center, retrospective study
Authors: Kuriyama Naohisa , Fujii Takehiro , Kaluba Benson , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Komatsubara Haruna , Noguchi Daisuke , Ito Takahiro , Hayasaki Aoi , Iizawa Yusuke , Murata Yasuhiro , Tanemura Akihiro , Kishiwada Masashi , Mizuno Shugo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeAlthough laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) and robot‐assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) are gradually gaining popularity, their advantages over open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) remain controversial. This study aimed to compare the short‐term outcomes of OPD, LPD, and RPD to elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 16 LPD, 43 RPD, and 36 OPD procedures performed at a single center between April 2020 and May 2024. Clinical data, including operative time, estimated blood loss, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization costs, were retrospectively collected and analyzed.ResultsRPD demonstrated a significantly longer operative time (553 min) than OPD (446 min) and LPD (453 min) but a significantly lower estimated blood loss than OPD (150 mL vs. 400 mL, p < .001). Postoperative complication rates (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥3) were lower for RPD (24.4%) than those for OPD (50.0%) and LPD (68.8%). RPD also showed a significantly lower rate of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (14.6% vs. 38.9% for OPD and 43.8% for LPD) and a shorter duration of hospitalization (11 vs. 28 days for OPD and 21 days for LPD, p < .001). Hospitalization costs were higher for RPD (20 109 USD) than for OPD (18 487 USD, p < .001), with LPD (20 496 USD) and RPD costs being similar.ConclusionsRPD appears to offer advantages in terms of reduced blood loss and postoperative complications and shortened hospital stay despite longer operative times and higher hospitalization costs. Therefore, RPD may be a more beneficial approach than OPD or LPD in pancreatic surgery.
Perturbation graphs, invariant causal prediction and causal relations in psychology
Authors: Waldorp Lourens , Kossakowski Jolanda , van der Maas Han L. J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNetworks (graphs) in psychology are often restricted to settings without interventions. Here we consider a framework borrowed from biology that involves multiple interventions from different contexts (observations and experiments) in a single analysis. The method is called perturbation graphs. In gene regulatory networks, the induced change in one gene is measured on all other genes in the analysis, thereby assessing possible causal relations. This is repeated for each gene in the analysis. A perturbation graph leads to the correct set of causes (not nec‐essarily direct causes). Subsequent pruning of paths in the graph (called transitive reduction) should reveal direct causes. We show that transitive reduction will not in general lead to the correct underlying graph. We also show that invariant causal prediction is a generalisation of the perturbation graph method and does reveal direct causes, thereby replacing transitive re‐duction. We conclude that perturbation graphs provide a promising new tool for experimental designs in psychology, and combined with invariant causal prediction make it possible to re‐veal direct causes instead of causal paths. As an illustration we apply these ideas to a data set about attitudes on meat consumption and to a time series of a patient diagnosed with major depression disorder.
Therapeutic approaches targeting aging and cellular senescence in Huntington's disease
Authors: Bhat Asif Ahmad , Moglad Ehssan , Afzal Muhammad , Thapa Riya , Almalki Waleed Hassan , Kazmi Imran , Alzarea Sami I. , Ali Haider , Pant Kumud , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Dureja Harish , Singh Sachin Kumar , Dua Kamal , Gupta Gaurav , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is manifested by a gradual loss of physical, cognitive, and mental abilities. As the disease advances, age has a major impact on the pathogenic signature of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein aggregation. This review aims to explore the intricate relationship between aging, mHTT toxicity, and cellular senescence in HD. Scientific data on the interplay between aging, mHTT, and cellular senescence in HD were collected from several academic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Google, and ScienceDirect. The search terms employed were “AGING,” “HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE,” “MUTANT HUNTINGTIN,” and “CELLULAR SENESCENCE.” Additionally, to gather information on the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets, the search was extended to include relevant terms such as “DNA DAMAGE,” “OXIDATIVE STRESS,” and “AUTOPHAGY.” According to research, aging leads to worsening HD pathophysiology through some processes. As a result of the mHTT accumulation, cellular senescence is promoted, which causes DNA damage, oxidative stress, decreased autophagy, and increased inflammatory responses. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines and other substances are released by senescent cells, which may worsen the neuronal damage and the course of the disease. It has been shown that treatments directed at these pathways reduce some of the HD symptoms and enhance longevity in experimental animals, pointing to a new possibility of treating the condition. Through their amplification of the harmful effects of mHTT, aging and cellular senescence play crucial roles in the development of HD. Comprehending these interplays creates novel opportunities for therapeutic measures targeted at alleviating cellular aging and enhancing HD patients’ quality of life.
Cerebellar haemorrhage and atrophy in infants born extremely preterm with intraventricular haemorrhage
Authors: Buchmayer Julia , Fuiko Renate , Kienast Patric , Stummer Sophie , Kasprian Gregor , Berger Angelika , Goeral Katharina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the impact of cerebellar haemorrhage (CBH) and atrophy in infants born extremely preterm with intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) on neurodevelopment at 2 years of age.MethodThis retrospective case–control study included infants born at less than 28 weeks' gestation with IVH over a 10‐year period. CBH, along with the assessment of cerebellar size, using magnetic resonance imaging, were studied. The impact of injuries on neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years' corrected age was conducted, using multivariable regression analysis for comprehensive evaluation.ResultsIn a cohort of 103 patients, 69 (67.0%) showed CBH with a median grade of 1 (interquartile range = 0–3). At the corrected age of 2 years, CBH was significantly associated with impaired cognitive and motor outcome. CBH emerged as an independent predictor of poor cognitive and motor development, as well as cerebral palsy. Cerebellar atrophy, affecting 30 (29.1%) infants, was linked to a significantly worse outcome across all domains. Conversely, an increase in cerebellar size was correlated with improved motor development.InterpretationInfants born extremely preterm with IVH and concomitant CBH exhibited significant cognitive and motor impairment. The severity of developmental delay correlated with the grade of CBH. These findings hold potential to support the prediction of long‐term outcome and parental counselling.
Characterizing body composition modifying effects of a glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor‐based agonist: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Jiao Ruoyang , Lin Chu , Cai Xiaoling , Wang Jingxuan , Wang Yuan , Lv Fang , Yang Wenjia , Ji Linong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimDiabetes is an independent risk factor for muscle mass loss, with possible mechanisms including impaired insulin signalling and chronic inflammation. The use of a glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) receptor‐based agonist could lead to weight reduction, which might result from the loss of both fat and skeletal muscle. However, the body composition‐modifying effects of GLP‐1 receptor‐based agonists have not been systematically characterized.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials for Studies and Clinicaltrial.gov were searched from inception to October 2023. Randomized controlled trials of GLP‐1 receptor agonist or glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/GLP‐1 receptor dual agonist, which reported the changes of body composition, were included. The results were computed as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in a random‐effects model.ResultsIn all, 19 randomized controlled trials were included. When compared with controls, substantial reductions in fat body mass were observed in patients using GLP‐1 receptor‐based agonist treatment (WMD = −2.25 kg, 95% CI −3.40 to −1.10 kg), with decrease in areas of both subcutaneous fat (WMD = −38.35 cm2, 95% CI, −54.75 to −21.95 cm2) and visceral fat (WMD = −14.61 cm2, 95% CI, −23.77 to −5.44 cm2). Moreover, greater reductions in lean body mass were also observed in GLP‐1 receptor‐based agonist users compared with non‐users (WMD = −1.02 kg, 95% CI, −1.46 to −0.57 kg), while the changes in lean mass percentage were comparable between GLP‐1 receptor‐based agonist users and non‐users.ConclusionCompared with the controls, GLP‐1 receptor‐based agonist users experienced greater reductions in fat body mass, with body shaping effects in terms of both subcutaneous fat mass and visceral fat mass. Although greater reductions in lean body mass were also observed in GLP‐1 receptor‐based agonist users, the changes in lean mass percentage were comparable between the users and non‐users.
A General Method for Resampling Autocorrelated Spatial Data
Authors: Arthur Rudy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractComparing spatial data sets is a ubiquitous task in data analysis, however the presence of spatial autocorrelation means that standard estimates of variance will be wrong and tend to over‐estimate the statistical significance of correlations and other observations. While there are a number of existing approaches to this problem, none are ideal, requiring detailed analytical calculations, which are hard to generalize or detailed modeling of the data generating process, which may not be straightforward. In this work we propose an approach based on permuting or resampling at fixed spatial autocorrelation, measured by Moran's I, in order to generate a null model that accounts for spatial dependence. Testing on real and synthetic data, we find that, as long as the spatial autocorrelation is not too strong, this approach works just as well as if we knew the data generating process exactly and allows us to compute P‐values with the correct Type‐I error rate.
Dental teachers' perceptions about the status of geriatric dentistry in the dental curriculum: A qualitative exploration in the Indian context
Authors: Shigli Kamal , Nayak Sushma , Lagali‐Jirge Vasanti , Nerali Jayashri Tamanna , Vadavi Deepti , Oginni Fadekemi Olufunmilayo , Kusurkar Rashmi A. 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe increasing geriatric population in India needs special attention from the oral health workforce. This study explores dental teachers' perceptions of the status of geriatric dentistry in the dental curriculum and the challenges of implementing geriatric dentistry curriculum in the present dental training sector in India from the trainers' (teachers) perspective.MethodsWe utilised a qualitative approach, and four focus group discussions were conducted with/among various levels of academic teachers—Heads of Departments (n = 8), Board of Study members (n = 7), Deans (n = 5), Lecturers and Associate professors (n = 8). All discussions were audio‐taped and transcribed. Data was analysed thematically, and coding was done using an inductive approach. Consensus on themes was achieved through deliberations.ResultsThree themes were identified—Unique challenges in managing geriatric patients (bordering on Dental care, Attitude, Awareness, Social issues and dependency on family); Current issues with provision of geriatric care (Curricular concerns—Teachers' training, Students' training, Instructional content, timing of delivery; Students' and trainers' attitudes; Infrastructural issues) and Strategies for advancement (Sensitisation of policymakers, Collaboration with other agencies, Modification in course design, Improved educational strategies and Shift in patient care delivery).ConclusionTrainers perceived a strong need to develop geriatric competencies among dental students. A geriatric dentistry curriculum based on local needs could ensure the success and sustenance of change. Introducing specialisation in geriatric dentistry would ensure quality oral care for the rising geriatric population. Innovative teaching strategies, interdisciplinary training and the use of newer technologies could aid in improved teaching of geriatric dentistry.
Determination of factors affecting exercise capacity in community‐dwelling elderly people
Authors: Durdu Habibe , Sahin Ulku Kezban , Karagoz Arzu Demircioglu , Kulakli Fazil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRationaleExercise capacity declines with age. However, the effect of common geriatric symptoms, that are related to physical performance, on exercise capacity is unclear.AimsThe study aimed to determine the impacts of sarcopenia, frailty, balance, and depression on both overall and abnormal exercise capacity.MethodsOne hundred and nineteen community‐dwelling older adults over 65 years of age were included in the cross‐sectional study. Sarcopenia and frailty status were determined according to the “European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People2” and “Fried frailty criteria”, respectively. Exercise capacity, balance and depression were assessed with the 6‐min walk test (6MWT), the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively.ResultsOf the participants, 5% were sarcopenic, 32.8% were frail, and 29.4% had abnormal exercise capacity (6MWT < 82% pred). According to multivariate linear regression analysis, the model consisting of sarcopenia, frailty, TUG and GDS was explained 53% of the variation in 6MWT (R = 0.73, R2 = 0.53, p < 0.001), and all variables except GDS were independent predictors of exercise capacity (p < 0.05). Sarcopenia was the strongest predictor of 6MWT (β =−79.76, p = 0.011). The model including sarcopenia, TUG, frailty, and GDS provided 29% prediction of abnormal exercise capacity (Nagelkerke R2 = 29.7, p < 0.001), while TUG was the sole significant predictor in the model (Odd Ratio:1.32, p < 0.002), according to logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsThis study indicates that changes in exercise capacity are more influenced by the presence of sarcopenia, and that poor TUG performance is the greatest risk factor for the impaired exercise capacity.
Topical Antioxidant Cocoa Polyphenol Skin Penetration
Authors: Draelos Zoe Diana , Draelos Matthew M. , Feng Sue , Madera Zydnia , Chen Mia 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCocoa powder derived from the Theobroma cacao plant is rich in polyphenols, such as catechin and epicatechin. These polyphenols are strong antioxidants when consumed orally; however, their ability to enter the stratum corneum following the topical application has never been demonstrated.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to demonstrate the deposition of catechin and epicatechin in the stratum corneum following the topical application of 6% aqueous cocoa powder 1 and 2 h after application.MethodsFive healthy female subjects aged 25–60 years were enrolled. A 6% aqueous cocoa powder solution was prepared and applied to two randomized designated spots on the left forearm. 2 cc of the solution was applied under a ¼‐inch gauze square covered with plastic wrap and held in place with a Coban dressing. The 15 d‐squame 7/8‐inch circular tape strips were applied to the predetermined area on the forearm 1 h and 2 h after application of the 6% cocoa powder solution. The tape strips were immediately placed in a −80°C freezer for storage until extraction in preparation for LC–MS evaluation for catechin and epicatechin levels.ResultsMore catechin and epicatechin were detected at 2 h than 1 h for both compounds, although the difference was not statistically significant. Higher epicatechin levels than catechin levels were detected from the cocoa powder at both time points. This is consistent with published data from food‐grade cocoa powder.SummaryIt is detected that 6% aqueous cocoa powder delivers the antioxidants catechin and epicatechin to the stratum corneum 1 h and 2 h after topical application.
Converging mothers' employment trajectories between East and West Germany? A focus on the 2008‐childcare‐reform
Authors: Fauser Sophia , Struffolino Emanuela , Levanon Asaf 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveAiming to generate evidence on how contextual conditions shape individuals' opportunities and constraints and, ultimately, life courses, we focus on a period of childcare expansion in reunified Germany. We investigate differences in employment trajectories around mothers' first childbirths to identify potential East–West convergence.BackgroundDuring Germany's division (1949–1990), universal public childcare and female full‐time employment were the norm in East Germany, while the male breadwinner model was dominant in the West. These differences, although declining, persisted even decades after reunification. In 2008, a reform aimed at expanding childcare availability to facilitate mothers' employment throughout the country.MethodsWe measure East–West differences in employment trajectories around childbirth pre‐ (1990–2007) and post‐reform (2008–2021) in terms of timing, order, and duration of events over time. We use data on 359 East and 986 West German first‐time‐mothers from the German Socio‐Economic Panel and sequence analysis tools.ResultsBefore the reform, employment trajectories between East and West German mothers differed both in timing and duration of employment states. After the reform, these differences decreased, showing a general convergence in the prevalence of post‐birth part‐time employment. Nonetheless, longer maternity leave is still more prevalent among West German mothers, while East German mothers are more likely to maintain full‐time jobs.ConclusionOur findings show how policy settings and reforms shape life courses in a context‐dependent fashion. They illustrate the importance of a methodological approach that focuses on process outcomes and supports a theoretical perspective that highlights how historical time and place shape life courses.