bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Effects of Environmental Smoke Exposure on Respiratory Conditions—A Report of an Aboriginal Man Fire Hunting for Mud Turtles in the Top End, Northern Territory of Australia
Authors: Nockles Veronica , Hill Ethan , Howarth Timothy P. , Browning Samuel , Wurrawilya Shiraline , Ford Payi L. , Hickey Phil , Edwards Andrew , Heraganahally Subash S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT.
Environmental smoke has been shown to have significant associations with both causation and exacerbation of respiratory conditions. Aboriginal Australians in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia are disproportionately affected by respiratory illness in comparison with non-Aboriginal Australians. Traditionally, Aboriginal communities have utilized fire for multiple purposes, such as land management practices, cultural ceremonies, hunting, and cooking. In this report, we describe an Aboriginal man who presented with acute exacerbation of airway disease after environmental smoke exposure while being in the close vicinity of “fire hunting” for “mud turtles” from a Top End remote Aboriginal community in the NT of Australia. This report highlights the potential impact of nontobacco environmental smoke exposure contributing to the causation and exacerbation of chronic respiratory conditions among Aboriginal Australians. Hence, further research is warranted to address mitigating strategies in this population.
The 2024 Public Health Emergency of International Concern: A Global Failure to Control Mpox
Authors: Zumla Alimuddin , Rosenthal Philip J. , Sam-Agudu Nada A. , Ogoina Dimie , Mbala-Kingebeni Placide , Ntoumi Francine , Nakouné Emmanuel , Njouom Richard , Ndembi Nicaise , Mills Edward J. , Muyembe-Tamfum Jean-Jacques , Nachega Jean B. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT.
On August 14, 2024, following a regional declaration by the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization declared mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, marking the second such declaration in two years. A series of outbreaks involving the more virulent clade I virus (compared to clade II, which caused a global outbreak in 2022), has now spread in 13 African countries, exposing the inadequacies of the public health infrastructure in these settings. There was significant investment during the 2022 global outbreak, but these efforts failed to address vaccine access and treatment in the Global South. Regulatory delays, unequal access to vaccines, and a lack of compassionate use treatments for severe cases have resulted in preventable cases and deaths, especially among vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, children, and the immunocompromised. The current outbreak also underscores critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of mpox, including its transmission, pathogenesis, and viral evolution. We join intensified calls for global solidarity and action to control mpox, emphasizing immediate containment measures and long-term local and international investment in African public health systems, to prevent future epidemics.
The Effect of Implicit Bias on the OB/GYN Residency Application Process
Authors: Vorawandthanachai Thammatat , Lambert Calvin , Tavella Nicola , Gonzalez Cristina M. , Hughes Francine 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Background Medical students from racially minoritized backgrounds receive negative evaluations more frequently, possibly from implicit bias.
Objective To determine if a preference for White applicants over Asian and Black applicants exists among resident and attending reviewers of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) residency applications.
Methods In 2021, we sampled academic OB/GYN physicians from 6 academic institutions to randomly receive questionnaire form A or B, each containing 4 contrived Electronic Residency Application Service profiles stratified by United States Medical Licensing Examination scores; institutions attended; and strength of recommendation letters into top-, mid-, and low-tiers. Form A applicants were White top-tier, White mid-tier without resilience, Asian mid-tier with resilience, and White low-tier. Form B applicants were Black top-tier, Asian mid-tier without resilience, White mid-tier with resilience, and White low-tier applicants. Both questionnaires’ profiles were identical except for applicants’ names and races. The primary outcome was participants’ rankings of applicants from most to least desirable. Baseline characteristics of participants were compared with chi-square tests. Rankings were compared using generalized estimating equations to calculate the odds ratio (significance P&lt;.05).
Results One hundred and ninety-one were invited to participate; 109 participants started the questionnaire, and 103 ranked applicants (response rate 54%). Fifty-three participants completed form A, and 56 completed form B. No significant differences were found in participants’ demographics. Participants frequently ranked White applicants significantly more highly than Black applicants (-3.3, 95% CI -3.5, -3.1) and Asian applicants (-3.3, 95% CI -3.5, -3.1).
Conclusions Despite identical qualifications, a stronger preference for White applicants over Black or Asian applicants was found.
Gender Differences in Operative Autonomy Using the Surgical Autonomy Program: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Kirsch Elayna P. , Venkatraman Vishal , Deng Di , McDaniel Katherine E. , Suarez Alexander D. , Lew Sean M. , Orina Josiah , Silberstein Howard , Goldstein Ira , Gould Grahame , Gandhi Chirag D. , Patil Chirag , Dengler Bradley A. , Dharmapurikar Rajeev , Lad Shivanand P. , Haglund Michael M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Background The proportion of women surgeons is increasing, but studies show that women in surgical residency are granted less autonomy than men.
Objective We utilized the Surgical Autonomy Program (SAP), an educational framework, to evaluate gender differences in self-reported autonomy, attending-reported autonomy, and operative feedback among US neurosurgical residents.
Methods The SAP tracks resident progression and guides teaching in neurosurgery. Surgeries are divided into zones of proximal development (opening, exposure, critical portion, and closure). Postoperatively, resident autonomy is rated on a 4-point scale by the resident and the attending for each part of the case, or zone. We utilized data from July 2017 to February 2024 from 8 institutions. Ordinal regression was used to evaluate the odds of self- and attending-evaluated autonomy, accounting for gender, training year, case difficulty, and institution. Differences between attending assessment and self-assessment were calculated across time. Chi-square analyses were used to measure any differences in feedback given to men and women.
Results From 128 residents (32 women, 25%), 11894 cases were included. Women were granted less autonomy (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.74-0.89; P&lt;.001) and self-evaluated as having less autonomy (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.67-0.80; P&lt;.001). The odds of women operating at higher autonomy were similar to the odds of operating on a hard case compared to average difficulty (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.71-0.84; P&lt;.001). Men’s and women’s self-assessment became closer to attending assessment over time, with women improving more quickly for the critical portions of surgeries. Women residents received meaningful postoperative feedback on fewer cases (women: 74.2%, men: 80.5%; X2=31.929; P&lt;.001).
Conclusions Women operated with lower autonomy by both attending and self-assessment, but the assessment gap between genders decreased over time. Women also received less feedback from their attendings.
Interventions to Support Resident and Fellow Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ibrahim Halah , Abdel-Razig Sawsan , Konopasek Lyuba , Silverberg Jillian , Philibert Ingrid 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to rapid and wide-scale changes in graduate medical education and impacted the well-being of frontline physicians, including residents and fellows. While institutions and programs implemented initiatives to support the unique needs of trainees during the pandemic, there remains a gap in the literature in examining the approaches used, the domains of well-being addressed, and the effectiveness of these efforts.
Objective To review the literature on interventions designed to promote resident and fellow well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods The authors conducted a scoping review of the literature published between January 1, 2020, and November 30, 2023, in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC to identify interventions to promote the well-being of trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results Eighteen articles met inclusion criteria, mainly studies conducted in the United States (14 of 18, 77.8%). Most interventions targeted psychological well-being (16 of 18, 88.9%), with only a few studies that included interventions in the physical or social domains. Interventions entailed redeployment, schedule modifications, communication strategies, and expanded mental health support. Most interventions were limited to a few weeks’ duration in the first surge phase of the pandemic. Only 11 studies (61%) reported outcome measures, and only 2 (11%) used instruments with validity evidence. Most studies did not report sufficient data to evaluate study quality.
Conclusions While longer-term outcome data were often lacking, studies described a range of interventions to support resident well-being. Future research should focus on the effectiveness of well-being interventions and include cohorts from more diverse clinical settings.
Formal Parental Leave Policies and Trainee Well-Being in US Graduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Corbisiero Michaele Francesco , Stellern Jordan J. , Kyllo Hannah M. , Burnet George , DeSanto Kristen , Christian Nicole , Acker Shannon N. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground Variability in parental leave policies across graduate medical education (GME) programs in the United States complicates efforts to support resident wellness and identify best practices for resident well-being.Objective This review aims to assess how formal parental leave policies affect trainees’ well-being, professional satisfaction, and performance during training.Methods A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines was conducted and registered on PROSPERO in May 2023. Databases searched included MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central. Studies that evaluated parental leave policies of US-based GME programs and their direct impact on residents and/or fellows were included. Studies were screened for inclusion by 2 independent reviewers, and any conflicts were resolved by a third author.Results Of 1068 articles screened, 43 articles met inclusion criteria. These studies highlighted that leave durations of less than 6 weeks were associated with higher rates of burnout and postpartum depression among trainees. There was no evidence that taking parental leave increased program attrition rate; however, 3 studies reported more than one-third of trainees extended training as a result of taking leave. Trainees who had more than 8 weeks of parental leave reported more successful breastfeeding 6 months out from delivery than those with less than 8 weeks of leave.Conclusions Extended parental leave, notably beyond 6 weeks, improved trainee well-being and professional satisfaction. Based on trainees’ perspectives, ideal parental leave policies offer a minimum of 6 to 8 weeks of leave, with a formal and clearly written policy available.
Providing Delayed, In-Person Collected Feedback From Residents to Teaching Faculty: Lessons Learned
Authors: Finn Kathleen M. , Healy Michael G. , Petrusa Emil R. , Borowsky Leila H. , Begin Arabella S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Background Teaching faculty request timely feedback from residents to improve their skills. Yet even with anonymous processes, this upward feedback can be difficult to obtain as residents raise concerns about identification and repercussions.
Objective To examine faculty perception of the quality and content of feedback from residents after increasing anonymity and sacrificing timeliness.
Methods Between 2011 and 2017, an associate program director at a large internal medicine residency program met briefly with each resident individually to obtain feedback about their teaching faculty shortly after their rotation. To improve anonymity, residents were promised their feedback would not be released until they graduated. In 2019, all feedback was collated and released at one time to faculty. We administered 3 timed, voluntary, anonymous, 36-item closed-ended surveys to faculty asking about the content and value, and to self-identify whether the feedback was praise, constructive, or criticism.
Results Exactly 189 faculty participated with 140 completing all 3 surveys (74.1% response rate). Faculty reported this feedback content to be of higher quality (81.0%, 81 of 100) and quantity (82.4%, 84 of 102) in contrast to prior feedback. More than 85.4% (88 of 103) of faculty agreed this feedback was more specific. Faculty identified less praise (median 35.0% vs median 50.0%, P&lt;.001) and more negative constructive feedback (median 20.0% vs median 5.0%, P&lt;.001) compared to prior feedback. More than 82% (116 of 140) of faculty reported it would change their behavior, but 3 months after receiving the feedback, only 63.6% (89 or 140) felt the same way (P&lt;.001). Faculty were divided on the necessity of a time delay, with 41.4% (58 of 140) believing it reduced the feedback’s value. Despite the delay, 32.1% (45 of 140) felt they could identify residents.
Conclusions Offering a substantial delay in feedback delivery increased anonymity and enabled residents to furnish more nuanced and constructive comments; however, faculty opinions diverged on whether this postponement was valuable.
A Resident-Led Quality Improvement Initiative to Increase End-of-Life Planning in Primary Care
Authors: Wagen Brooke , Kuye Simisola , Patel Rajvi , Vasudevan Jaya , Wang Lisi , Reister Robin , Pignone Michael , Moriates Christopher 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Background Despite many benefits of end-of-life (EOL) planning, only 1 in 3 adults has EOL documentation, with low rates in resident primary care clinics as well.
Objective To increase clinic completion of life-sustaining treatment (LST) notes and advance directives (AD) for veterans at highest risk for death.
Methods The setting was a Veterans Affairs (VA) internal medicine primary care clinic. All clinic residents in the 2021-2022 academic year and all clinic patients identified through a VA risk-stratification tool as highest risk for death were included. Baseline AD and LST completion rates were determined through manual chart review. Our interventions included 2 hours of teaching to increase resident knowledge of EOL planning and a systematic process improvement to complete EOL planning appointments. Outcomes assessed included anonymous resident pre- and post-surveys of self-assessed knowledge and comfort with EOL conversations, as well as rates of LST and AD completion determined through serial chart review.
Results In the 2021-2022 academic year, 22 residents (100%) and 54 patients were included. Post-intervention surveys (n=22, 100%) showed improved self-assessed knowledge of EOL concepts and comfort with patient discussions (median Likert increase 3 to 4). The number of residents who completed an EOL planning visit increased from 9 of 22 (41%) to 15 (68%). LST completion increased from 9 of 54 (17%) to 29 (54%), and AD completion increased from 18 of 54 (33%) to 33 (61%).
Conclusions A brief teaching intervention to prepare residents for comprehensive EOL visits combined with process improvement to offer EOL planning visits improved self-reported knowledge and comfort and completion of EOL visits.
Processo simplificado de calibração por meio de faturas de energia para um supermercado de médio porte
Authors: Rodrigues Thiago toledo viana , Carlo Joyce correna 
Published: October 2024

As pesquisas em eficiência energética, geralmente, concentram-se em abordar edifícios residenciais e de escritórios, outras tipologias como supermercados ainda são pouco abordadas, apesar do elevado consumo energético que apresentam. Conhecer o consumo típico da tipologia ajuda na tomada de decisão. Entretanto, durante o processo de simulação a necessidade de calibração pode apresentar algumas dificuldades, principalmente, quando envolve medições em edificações antigas, com quadros de energia de difícil acesso ou um sistema elétrico que já passou por diversas interferências e não é organizado por usos finais. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é identificar o potencial de um método simplificado de calibração. Este inclui um estudo prévio (com medições horárias) de outro edifício da mesma tipologia e de mesmo porte, análises de faturas de energia elétrica e dados gerados por simulação computacional, por meio do software EnergyPlus. Como resultados foram identificados os usos finais de energia para o edifício analisado: sistema de refrigeração (82%), equipamentos (11%), sistema de iluminação (6%) e AVAC (1%).
Impacto do sombreamento vizinho na iluminação natural em apartamentos em Porto Alegre-RS
Authors: Erzinger Laisa Karina , Hara Americo Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2024

A avaliação de disponibilidade anual de luz natural no interior de uma edificação pode ser estimada realizando simulações computacionais baseadas em arquivos climáticos. Este trabalho visa analisar a disponibilidade de iluminação natural de uma unidade habitacional localizada no terceiro pavimento de um edifício em Porto Alegre–RS, pior posição considerando o sombreamento da edificação vizinha. A metodologia consistiu em construir o modelo digital do apartamento e da edificação vizinha para a simulação dinâmica pelo método UDI, e, posterior comparação entre os modelos com e sem obstrução. O impacto do sombreamento sobre o aproveitamento de luz natural no interior do recinto foi analisado comparando-se o UDI-espacial dos cenários com e sem obstrução, levando-se em consideração a área correspondente de piso igual e superior a 50% de horas no intervalo de UDI entre 200 lux e 3.000 lux. Os resultados indicaram uma redução significativa de iluminação natural promovida pela edificação vizinha em média de 50% da área em todos os espaços simulados. Conclui-se que o edifício vizinho reduziu significativamente a disponibilidade anual de luz natural em todos os apartamentos.
Формирование нравственно-волевых качеств старших школьников профильных кадетских классов ФСИН России средствами физической подготовки
Authors: Селяков Ю.Л. 
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена роли физической подготовки в профильных ка­детских классах ФСИН России как инструмента формирования нравственно-во­левых качеств, необходимых для успешного поступления в ведомственные вузы. Определены основные нравственно-волевые качества обучающихся профиль­ных кадетских классов, влияющие на поведение личности, что в большей степе­ни связано с практико-ориентированным компетентностным подходом. Делается вывод, что физическая активность не только способствует здоровью, но и играет важную роль в формировании нравственно-волевых качеств, необходимых для развития гармоничной и устойчивой личности. Деятельность профильных кадет­ских классов создает оптимальные предпосылки для реализации потребностей старших школьников профильных кадетских классов в новых для них взаимодей­ствиях, отражающих специфику отношений ведомственных организаций.
The article is devoted to the role of physical training in specialized cadet classes of the Federal Penitentiary Service as a tool for the formation of moral and volitional qualities necessary for successful admission to departmental universities. The author identifies and highlights key moral and volitional qualities of students of specialized cadet classes that influence personal behavior, which is more related to a practice-oriented competence approach. It is concluded that physical activity of students of specialized cadet classes enhances the state of health and plays an important role in the formation of moral and volitional qualities necessary for the development of a harmonious and stable personality. Activities of specialized cadet classes create optimal prerequisites for realizing the needs of senior students of specialized cadet classes in new interactions, reflecting the specifics of relations of departmental organizations.
Исследование представлений взрослых женщин с высшим образованием о профессиональной деятельности психолога
Authors: Макух Н.О. , Попова И.Б. 
Published: October 2024

Изучение социальных представлений в разных социальных груп­пах позволяет расширить имеющееся практическое знание об их уровне и на ос­нове полученных результатов исследования установить, каким в целом является отношение новой исследуемой группы, в частности взрослых женщин с высшим об­разованием, к психологии и психологической помощи, выявить у представителей данной социальной группы потребность в психологическом консультировании, а также причины, побуждающих обращаться за помощью к профессионалам. В результате проведенного исследования выявлены структурно-содержательные характеристики социальных представлений о психологии и психологической по­мощи с учетом групповой принадлежности опрошенных, связанные с житейски­ми знаниями и опытом обращения к психологам. Полученные результаты могут стать основой для разработки программ психологического просвещения населе­ния по вопросам психического здоровья, а дальнейшая коррекция социальных представлений необходима для включения новой исследуемой группы в систему оказания психологической помощи в целях улучшения их психологического бла­гополучия.
The study of social representations in different social groups helps to expand available practical knowledge about their level and, based on results of the study, establish a general attitude of adult women with higher education to psychology and psychological assistance, identify the need for psychological counseling among representatives of this social group, as well as reasons encouraging people to seek professional help. The authors reveal structural and substantive characteristics of social ideas about psychology and psychological assistance related to everyday knowledge and experience of contacting psychologists with regard to the group affiliation of the respondents. The results obtained can become the basis for the development of programs for psychological education of the population on mental health issues. Further correction of social perceptions is necessary to include a new study group in the system of psychological assistance in order to improve their psychological well-being.