bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Effectiveness of 6.5‐mm‐Long Implants to Support Two‐Implant Fixed Prostheses in Premolar‐Molar Region: The Influence of Immediate Loading and the Length of Splinting Implant
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Flores Carlos , Flores Javier , Alkhraisat Mohammad Hamdan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to assess the influence of immediate loading and lengths of splinted implants on the clinical effectiveness of 6.5‐mm‐long implants supporting two‐implant fixed prostheses in the premolar‐molar regions.Materials and MethodsA clinical database was reviewed in a private dental center to select those patients who had 6.5‐mm‐long implants placed to support two‐implant fixed partial prostheses in the premolar‐molar regions of the maxilla and the mandible. All implants were immediately loaded. The study groups were defined according to the lengths of the implants. Two groups were identified: the short‐short splinted group, when both implants had 6.5 mm lengths, and the short‐long splinted group, when one implant was longer than 6.5 mm. A total of 48 dental implants were placed in 16 patients to support 24 two‐implant fixed prostheses. The mean follow‐up time was 14 ± 5 months. The short‐short splinted group included 8 patients with 16 implants; the short‐long splinted group included 16 patients with 32 implants. The main variable was implant survival, and secondary outcomes were marginal bone stability and prosthesis survival.ResultsThe statistical analyses indicated an absence of significant differences between the two groups in terms of implant and prosthesis survival (100% for both groups and both variables); however, distal bone loss around the splinted implants was significantly higher in the short‐long splinted group. Bone loss was 0.37 ± 0.55 mm in the short‐short splinted group and 0.94 ± 0.66 mm in the short‐long splinted group.ConclusionsImmediate loading of short (6.5‐mm‐long) implants in the premolar‐molar regions did not jeopardize their survival. Two‐implant supported prostheses had the same clinical effectiveness, whether extra‐short implants were splinted to another extra‐short implant or to a longer one.
Dental therapists linked to improved dental outcomes for Alaska Native communities in the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta
Authors: Chi Donald L. , Lenaker Dane , Mancl Lloyd , Dunbar Matthew , Babb Michael 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesDental Health Aide Therapists (DHATs) have been part of the dental workforce in Alaska's Yukon‐Kuskokwim (YK) Delta since 2006. They are trained to provide preventive and restorative care such as filling and extractions. In this study, we evaluated community‐level dental outcomes associated with DHATs.MethodsThis was a secondary data analysis of Alaska Medicaid and electronic health record data for individuals in Alaska's YK Delta (2006‐2015). The independent variable was the number of DHAT treatment days in each community. Child outcomes were preventive care, extractions, and general anesthesia. Adult outcomes were preventive care and extractions. We estimated Spearman partial correlation coefficients to test our hypotheses that increased DHAT treatment days would be associated with larger proportions utilizing preventive care and smaller proportions receiving extractions at the community‐level.ResultsDHAT treatment days were positively associated with preventive care utilization and negatively associated with extractions for children and adults (P < 0.0001). DHAT treatment days were not associated with increased dental treatment under general anesthesia for children.ConclusionsDental therapists are associated with more preventive care and fewer extractions. State‐level policies should consider dental therapists as part of a comprehensive solution to meet the dental care needs of individuals in underserved communities and help achieve health equity and social justice.
Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence, seroincidence and seroreversion in the German adult population
Authors: Faber M. , Willrich N. , Schemmerer M. , Rauh C. , Kuhnert R. , Stark K. , Wenzel J. J. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryA steep rise in Hepatitis E diagnoses is currently being observed in Germany and other European countries. The objective of this study was (i) to assess whether this trend mirrors an increase in infection pressure or is caused by increased attention and testing and (ii) estimate individual and population‐based Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) seroconversion and seroreversion rates for Germany. We measured anti‐HEV IgG prevalence in 10 407 adults participating in two linked, population‐representative serosurveys (total n = 12 971) conducted in 1998 and 2010. In this period, we found a moderate but statistically significant decline of overall anti‐HEV IgG prevalence from 18.6% to 15.3%. At both time points, seroprevalence increased with age and peaked in persons born between 1935 and 1959 suggesting a past period of increased infection pressure. Paired samples of individuals participating in 1998 and 2010 (n = 2564) revealed respective seroconversion and seroreversion rates of 6.2% and 22.6% among seronegative and seropositive individuals during 12 years, or 5.2 and 2.9 per 1000 inhabitants per year. This corresponds to a total of 417 242 [95%CI: 344 363‐495 971] new seroconversions per year in the German population. While anti‐HEV seroprevalence has decreased in the last decade, infection pressure and seroincidence remains high in Germany. Continuously rising numbers of Hepatitis E diagnoses in Europe are likely due to an increased awareness of clinicians and indicate that still there is a gap between incident and diagnosed cases. Studies on the true burden of the disease, specific risk factors and sources of autochthonous infections as well as targeted prevention measures are urgently needed.
Effects of 6% Tetrastarch and Lactated Ringer's Solution on Extravascular Lung Water and Markers of Acute Renal Injury in Hemorrhaged, Isoflurane‐Anesthetized Healthy Dogs
Authors: Diniz M.S. , Teixeira‐Neto F.J. , Celeita‐Rodríguez N. , Girotto C.H. , Fonseca M.W. , Oliveira‐Garcia A.C. , López‐Castañeda B. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundTetrastarch can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans with sepsis, but less likely to result in tissue edema than lactated Ringer's solution (LRS).ObjectivesCompare effects of volume replacement (VR) with LRS and 6% tetrastarch solution (TS) on extravascular lung water (EVLW) and markers of AKI in hemorrhaged dogs.AnimalsSix healthy English Pointer dogs (19.7–35.3 kg).MethodsProspective crossover study. Animals underwent anesthesia without hemorrhage (Control). Two weeks later, dogs hemorrhaged under anesthesia on 2 occasions (8‐week washout intervals) and randomly received VR with LRS or TS at 3 : 1 or 1 : 1 of shed blood, respectively. Anesthesia was maintained until 4 hour after VR for EVLW measurements derived from transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output. Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) and creatinine concentrations in plasma and urine were measured until 72 hour after VR.ResultsThe EVLW index (mL/kg) was lower at 1 hour after TS (10.0 ± 1.9) in comparison with controls (11.9 ± 3.4, P = 0.04), and at 4 hour after TS (9.7 ± 1.9) in comparison with LRS (11.8 ± 2.7, P = 0.03). Arterial oxygen partial pressure‐to‐inspired oxygen fraction ratio did not differ among treatments from 0.5 to 4 hour after VR. Urine NGAL/creatinine ratio did not differ among treatments and remained below threshold for AKI (120,000 pg/mg).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlthough TS causes less EVLW accumulation than LRS, neither fluid produced evidence of lung edema (impaired oxygenation). Both fluids appear not to cause AKI when used for VR after hemorrhage in healthy nonseptic dogs.
Quantifying the role of intra‐specific trait variation for allocation and organ‐level traits in tropical seedling communities
Authors: Umaña María Natalia , Zhang Caicai , Cao Min , Lin Luxiang , Swenson Nathan G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractQuestionsCommunity structure is the outcome of individual‐level interactions. Recent work has shown that disaggregating trait information from the species to the individual level can elucidate ecological processes. We aim to integrate trait dispersion analyses across different aggregation levels including a broad range of traits that allow assessment of patterns of variation among co‐occurring and non‐co‐occurring individuals. We ask the following questions: (1) what is the role of intra‐ and inter‐specific dissimilarity within neighbourhoods vs. across neighbourhoods in promoting trait dispersion; (2) how is trait variation partitioned across all individuals in each study system; and (3) are the results consistent across traits and forests?LocationPuerto Rico and China.MethodsWe measured allocation and organ‐level (e.g. specific leaf area) traits on every individual in two seedling censuses in two tropical rain forests. Then, we partitioned trait variation within and across species, considering its impact on patterns of trait dispersion, and quantifying how these outcomes vary depending on whether allocation‐related or organ‐level traits are considered.ResultsWe found an increase in trait dispersion when individual‐level traits are considered, reflecting conspecific differentiation for allocation of traits. Organ‐level traits, however, do not necessarily promote strong phenotypic displacement within conspecifics. Consistent with this, we found that the majority of variation in allocation of traits was between conspecifics, while most of the variation in organ‐level traits was found between species.ConclusionsOverall, trait displacement occurs within and across neighbourhoods, reflecting differentiation at inter‐ and intra‐specific levels. Also, we identify two major phenotypic groups of variation, allocation and organ‐level traits, that constitute two contrasting strategies for response to biotic and abiotic contexts: one highlights ecological differences among individuals, while the other highlights differences among species.
Geospatial technology applied to spatiotemporal assessment of Harike Wetland, Punjab
Authors: Bhardwaj Akanksha , Najar Gh Nabi , Pandey Puneeta 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Harike Wetland situated in Punjab is a Ramsar site and a wetland of national importance. The present study was undertaken to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of the wetland on the basis of geospatial technology and ground‐based studies. Landsat images for the years 2002 and 2014 were acquired from the United States Geological Survey and classified digitally to generate landuse/land cover maps involving four classes (water, grassland (including water hyacinth), agriculture, built‐up (settlement), barren land). The total area of the Harike Wetland was found to be 8023.68 ha. Water sampling at eleven sites was carried out and evaluated for physicochemical parameters. The water quality at several sampling points was found to be severely degraded. Change detection analysis revealed the submerged area (area under water) and grassland (including water hyacinth) had decreased over the past 12 years, whereas that area under agriculture and built‐up land has increased, indicating a shrinkage in the total wetland area. The present study also indicated that the near‐infrared band is a good indicator of water quality parameters, as indicated by the significant positive correlation between the near‐infrared band and relevant water parameters. Because the wetland is important from both an ecological perspective and economic perspective, regular monitoring is recommended, for which geospatial technology has proven to be very useful.
Physical contact interactions with scleractinian corals in hard substrate communities
Authors: Grillo Ana Carolina , Bonaldo Roberta Martini , Segal Bárbara 
Published: January 2018

AbstractShallow reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems, and their substrate is densely occupied by sessile organisms that frequently contact physically and interact mutually. Nevertheless, the relative importance of species abundance in shaping physical contacts in these ecosystems remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate physical contact interactions, by using tools derived from the complex network theory, between hard corals and other benthic organisms in four areas along the Brazilian coast comprising coral reefs and rocky shores with different physical and biotic structures. It was also investigated whether interactions with corals occurred as expected by the abundance of the benthic organisms in each area, and whether corals belonging to families known as more aggressive interacted less with other organisms. In all areas, the abundance of both corals and contacting organisms directly influenced the abundance of interactions between benthic organisms, regardless of the physical or biological characteristics of the habitat and of the interacting organisms. In addition, coral species interacted more with the most abundant benthic group, the epilithic algal matrix, in all areas. Nevertheless, some evidence was found about biological mechanisms helping to explain the structure of the studied interactions, although to a lesser extent. The obtained networks presented high nestedness and connectance, but low modularity. These patterns indicate the low specificity of the studied interactions and reinforce the role of abundance as an important driver of contacts between sessile organisms in shallow hard bottom ecosystems.
Martian cratering 12. Utilizing primary crater clusters to study crater populations and meteoroid properties
Authors: Hartmann William K. , Daubar Ingrid J. , Popova Olga , Joseph Emily C. S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractImages from Mars Global Surveyor and later images from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal that roughly half of the meteoroids striking Mars (at meter to few decameter crater diameters) fragment in the Martian atmosphere, producing small clusters of primary impact craters. Statistics of these “primary clusters” yield valuable information about important Martian phenomena and properties of interplanetary bodies, including meteoroid behavior in the Martian atmosphere, bulk strengths of bodies striking Mars, and the fraction of Martian “field secondary” craters, a datum that would improve crater count chronometry. Many Martian impactors fragment at altitudes significantly higher than 18 km above the mean surface of Mars, and we find that most bodies striking Mars and Earth have low bulk strengths, consistent with crumbly or highly fractured objects. Applying statistics of primary clusters at various elevations and independent diameter bins, we describe a technique to estimate the percentage of semirandomly scattered “field secondary” craters. Our provisional estimate of this percentage, in the diameter range ~250 m down to ~22 m, is ~40% to ~80% of the total impacts, with the higher percentages at smaller diameters. Our data argue against earlier suggestions of overwhelming dominance by either primaries or secondaries in this diameter range.
Hydrothermal evolution of the morphology, molecular composition, and distribution of organic matter in CR (Renazzo‐type) chondrites
Authors: Changela Hitesh G. , Le Guillou Corentin , Bernard Sylvain , Brearley Adrian J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe morphology, molecular composition, and distribution of organic matter (OM) were investigated in a suite of CR chondrites to better constrain its hydrothermal evolution. Multiple focused ion beam sections were extracted from the matrices of seven CR chondrites. Scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveal OM ubiquitously distributed across the CR matrices. OM mainly occurs as either discrete submicron rounded or irregularly shaped vein‐like particles. Two spectral populations of organic particles were identified by carbon K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES): the most abundant one, similar to insoluble organic matter (IOM) residues, contains aromatic, carbonyl, and carboxylic groups. The second population is more aromatic‐rich and lacks a distinctive carbonyl peak. An additional, ubiquitous organic component occurs associated with amorphous silicates and phyllosilicates. Less aromatic but aliphatic‐ and carboxylic‐rich, this diffuse OM is interpreted as the result of the redistribution of organic compounds by aqueous fluids. The most altered CR1 GRO 95577 contains a more mature OM and highly aliphatic‐ and carboxylic‐rich diffuse OM. This evolution, from the CR2s to the CR1, is comparable to that of terrestrial gas shale maturation involving cracking reactions, releasing bitumen‐like, aliphatic‐, and carboxylic‐rich compounds, and aromatic residues. Our observations support the accretion of soluble OM and its later polymerization to IOM, as well as the maturation of IOM and its partial oxidation, releasing mobile compounds. The differences in GRO 95577 are clearly attributable to the hydrothermal episode(s), but the relative role of water and temperature on the evolution of OM remains elusive.
Alternative splicing associated with phenotypic plasticity in the bumble bee Bombus terrestris
Authors: Price J. , Harrison M. C. , Hammond R. L. , Adams S. , Gutierrez‐Marcos J. F. , Mallon E. B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is when one genome can produce more than one phenotype. The caste system found in many social insects is an important example of plasticity. Several studies have examined gene expression in social insect developmental and caste differences. Changes in gene expression, however, are not the only source of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we investigate the role of alternative splicing in the buff‐tailed bumble bee Bombus terrestris. We found that 5,458 genes in B. terrestris (40%) express more than one isoform. Larvae have the lowest level of splicing events, followed by adults and then pupae. We found that when an isoform is expressed in a given caste in the larval stage, it tends to be expressed in all castes at the larval stage. The same is true at the pupal stage. However, we see more complicated interactions between the adult castes with reproductive females showing different isoform expression compared to nonreproductive females and male adults showing the most distinct patterns. We found 455 isoform switching genes, that is genes, where one developmental stage, sex or caste uses a specific isoform and another type uses a different isoform. Among genes displaying isoform switching are some involved in the ecdysteriod pathway, an important system in insect behaviour.
Lipid rafts can form in the inner and outer membranes of Borrelia burgdorferi and have different properties and associated proteins
Authors: Toledo Alvaro , Huang Zhen , Coleman James L. , London Erwin , Benach Jorge L. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryLipid rafts are microdomains present in the membrane of eukaryotic organisms and bacterial pathogens. They are characterized by having tightly packed lipids and a subset of specific proteins. Lipid rafts are associated with a variety of important biological processes including signaling and lateral sorting of proteins. To determine whether lipid rafts exist in the inner membrane of Borrelia burgdorferi, we separated the inner and outer membranes and analyzed the lipid constituents present in each membrane fraction. We found that both the inner and outer membranes have cholesterol and cholesterol glycolipids. Fluorescence anisotropy and FRET showed that lipids from both membranes can form rafts but have different abilities to do so. The analysis of the biochemically defined proteome of lipid rafts from the inner membrane revealed a diverse set of proteins, different from those associated with the outer membrane, with functions in protein trafficking, chemotaxis and signaling.
A systematic review of fluconazole resistance in clinical isolates ofCryptococcusspecies
Authors: Bongomin Felix , Oladele Rita O. , Gago Sara , Moore Caroline B. , Richardson Malcolm D. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryFluconazole is the most commonly used antifungal agent for both the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis, and for prophylaxis against the disease. However, its prolonged use has the potential to exert selection pressure in favour of fluconazole‐resistant strains. We evaluated the prevalence of fluconazole resistance inCryptococcusspp. clinical isolates in 29 studies from 1988 to May 2017 included inEMBASEandMEDLINEdatabases. A total of 4995Cryptococcusisolates from 3210 patients constituted this study; 248 (5.0%) of the isolates from relapsed episodes of cryptococcosis were included in this analysis. Eleven (38%) of the studies used minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) breakpoints of ≥64 μg/mL to define fluconazole resistance, 6 (21%) used ≥32 μg/mL, 11 (38%) used ≥16 μg/mL and 1 (3%) used ≤20 μg/mL. Overall, mean prevalence of fluconazole resistance was 12.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.7‐17.6) for all isolates (n = 4995). Mean fluconazole resistance was 10.6% (95%CI: 5.5‐15.6) for the incident isolates (n = 4747) and 24.1% (95%CI: −3.1‐51.2) for the relapse isolates (n = 248). Of the 4995 isolates, 936 (18.7%) hadMICs above the ecological cut‐off value. Fluconazole resistance appears to be an issue inCryptococcusisolates from patients with relapses. It remains unclear whether relapses occur due to resistance or other factors. There is an urgent need to establish antifungal breakpoints forCryptococcusspp.
Needs assessment survey for simulation‐based training for gastrointestinal endoscopy nurses
Authors: Yu Sol , Roh Young Sook 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe optimal performance of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy nurses is required for patient safety and quality improvement. The aim of the present study was to assess the educational needs for simulation‐based training for Korean GI endoscopy nurses using importance‐performance analysis. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 238 Korean nurses from 25 endoscopy units. The educational needs of these nurses were identified using the 35 item clinical competence importance–performance scale. Exploratory factor analysis of the scale identified the following eight factors: emergency care, patient monitoring, evidence‐based practice, documentation and referral, patient safety, nursing process, patient assessment, and infection control. A significant overall mean difference was identified between importance and performance for all eight factors, with emergency care showing the largest difference. It was also ranked the highest priority for continuing education in the importance–performance analysis matrix. Therefore, simulation‐based training should focus on enhancing emergency care competence for GI endoscopy nurses to improve patient safety and quality of care.