bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion imaging of cerebral diaschisis in childhood arterial ischemic stroke
Authors: Kirton Adam , Williams Elizabeth , Dowling Michael , Mah Sarah , Hodge Jacquie , Carlson Helen , Wei Xing-Chang , Ichord Rebecca ,   the PedNIHSS Investigators
Published: August 2016

Background Diffusion-weighted imaging magnetic resonance imaging may detect changes in brain structures remote but connected to stroke consistent with neuropathological descriptions of diaschisis. Early diffusion-weighted imaging demonstrates restriction in corticospinal pathways after arterial ischemic stroke of all ages that correlates with motor outcome. Aim/hypothesis We hypothesized that cerebral diaschisis is measurable in childhood arterial ischemic stroke and explored associations with outcome. Methods This sub-study of the validation of the Pediatric NIH Stroke Scale study prospectively enrolled children with acute arterial ischemic stroke and both acute and early follow-up (5–14 days) diffusion-weighted imaging. Inclusion criteria were (1) unilateral middle cerebral artery arterial ischemic stroke, (2) acute and subacute diffusion-weighted imaging ( b = 1000), and (3) 12 month neurological follow-up (Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure). A validated method using ImageJ software quantified diffusion-weighted imaging diaschisis in anatomically connected structures. Diaschisis measures were corrected for infarct volume, compared to age, imaging timing, and outcomes (Chi square/Fisher, Mann–Whitney test). Results Nineteen children (53% male, median 8.1 years) had magnetic resonance imaging at medians of 21 and 168 h post-stroke onset. Diaschisis was common and evolved over time, observed in one (5%) on acute but eight (42%) by follow-up diffusion-weighted imaging. Thalamic and callosal diaschisis were most common (5, 26%). Estimates of perilesional diaschisis varied (54 ± 18% of infarct volume). Children with diaschisis tended to be younger (7.02 ± 5.4 vs. 11.82 ± 4.3 years, p = 0.08). Total diaschisis score was associated with poor cognitive outcomes ( p = 0.03). Corticospinal tract diaschisis was associated with motor outcome ( p = 0.004). Method reliability was excellent. Conclusions Diffusion-weighted imaging diaschisis occurs in childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Mistaking diaschisis for new areas of infarction carries important clinical implications. Improved recognition and study are required to establish clinical relevance.
Accuracy of SWI sequences compared to T2*-weighted gradient echo sequences in the detection of cerebral cavernous malformations in the familial form
Authors: Sparacia Gianvincenzo , Speciale Claudia , Banco Aurelia , Bencivinni Francesco , Midiri Massimo 
Published: August 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), compared with T2*-weighted gradient echo (GRE) imaging in assessing cerebral cavernous malformations. Materials and methods We retrospectively evaluated 21 patients with a familial form of cavernous malformation. Magnetic resonance (MR) protocol included non-enhanced and contrast-enhanced fast-spin echo (FSE) T1-weighted sequences, FSE T2-weighted sequences, fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR), GRE T2*-weighted and SWI sequences. Images were reviewed in consensus by two expert neuroradiologists to assess the location, number, size and conspicuity of the lesions on T2*-weighted GRE and SWI sequences. Statistical differences in the number, size and conspicuity of the lesions seen on the SWI images and the T2*-weighted GRE images were assessed with the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results The number of cavernous malformations was significantly higher ( p < .001) on the SWI images ( n = 152) than on T2*-weighted GRE images ( n = 56). Lesion size was significantly higher ( p < .001) on SWI images (mean: 0.4 cm, SD ± 0.55) than on T2*-weighted GRE sequences (mean: 0.2 cm, SD ± 0.51) and the differences were statistically significant ( p < .001). Lesion conspicuity was significant higher ( p < .001) on SWI than on T2*-weighted GRE images. In one patient who underwent a 2-month follow-up for the onset of neurologic symptoms related to cerebral hemorrhage, a cerebral hematoma was identified at the site of a cerebral cavernous malformation that was demonstrated only on the SWI images in the previous MR examination. Conclusions The SWI sequence, being more sensitive to substances which distort the local magnetic field than the GRE T2*W sequence, showed a higher sensitivity in identifying cerebral cavernous malformations. Thus, routine clinical neuroimaging protocol should contain SWI sequences to evaluate patients with (or suspected) cerebral cavernous malformations.
Accuracy of Suture Passage During Arthroscopic Remplissage—What Anatomic Landmarks Can Improve It?
Authors: Garcia Grant H. , Degen Ryan M. , Liu Joseph N. , Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Dines Joshua S. 
Published: August 2016

Background: Recent data suggest that inaccurate suture passage during remplissage may contribute to a loss of external rotation, with the potential to cause posterior shoulder pain because of the proximity to the musculotendinous junction. Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of suture passage during remplissage and identify surface landmarks to improve accuracy. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Arthroscopic remplissage was performed on 6 cadaveric shoulder specimens. Two single-loaded suture anchors were used for each remplissage. After suture passage, position was recorded in reference to the posterolateral acromion (PLA), with entry perpendicular to the humeral surface. After these measurements, the location of posterior cuff penetration was identified by careful surgical dissection. Results: Twenty-four sutures were passed in 6 specimens: 6 sutures (25.0%) were correctly passed through the infraspinatus tendon, 12 (50%) were through the infraspinatus muscle or musculotendinous junction (MTJ), and 6 (25%) were through the teres minor. Suture passage through the infraspinatus were on average 25 ± 5.4 mm inferior to the PLA, while sutures passing through the teres minor were on average 35.8 ± 5.7 mm inferior to the PLA. There was an odds ratio of 25 (95% CI, 2.1-298.3; P < .001) that the suture would be through the infraspinatus if the passes were less than 3 cm inferior to the PLA. Sutures passing through muscle and the MTJ were significantly more medial than those passing through tendon, measuring on average 8.1 ± 5.1 mm lateral to the PLA compared with 14.5 ± 5.5 mm ( P < .02). If suture passes were greater than 1 cm lateral to the PLA, it was significantly more likely to be in tendon ( P = .013). Conclusion: We found remplissage suture passage was inaccurate, with only 25% of sutures penetrating the infraspinatus tendon. Passing sutures 1 cm lateral and within 3 cm inferior of the PLA improves the odds of successful infraspinatus tenodesis. We recommend this “safe zone” to improve the odds of infraspinatus tenodesis during remplissage. These results may help improve remplissage techniques and prevent previously reported complications, including external rotation loss and pain from myodesis.
Matching for the nonconventional MHC-I MICA gene significantly reduces the incidence of acute and chronic GVHD
Authors: Carapito Raphael , Jung Nicolas , Kwemou Marius , Untrau Meiggie , Michel Sandra , Pichot Angélique , Giacometti Gaëlle , Macquin Cécile , Ilias Wassila , Morlon Aurore , Kotova Irina , Apostolova Petya , Schmitt-Graeff Annette , Cesbron Anne , Gagne Katia , Oudshoorn Machteld , van der Holt Bronno , Labalette Myriam , Spierings Eric , Picard Christophe , Loiseau Pascale , Tamouza Ryad , Toubert Antoine , Parissiadis Anne , Dubois Valérie , Lafarge Xavier , Maumy-Bertrand Myriam , Bertrand Frédéric , Vago Luca , Ciceri Fabio , Paillard Catherine , Querol Sergi , Sierra Jorge , Fleischhauer Katharina , Nagler Arnon , Labopin Myriam , Inoko Hidetoshi , von dem Borne Peter A. , Kuball Jürgen , Ota Masao , Katsuyama Yoshihiko , Michallet Mauricette , Lioure Bruno , Peffault de Latour Régis , Blaise Didier , Cornelissen Jan J. , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Claas Frans , Moreau Philippe , Milpied Noël , Charron Dominique , Mohty Mohamad , Zeiser Robert , Socié Gérard , Bahram Seiamak 
Published: August 2016

Key Points
Matching for MICA significantly reduces the incidence of acute and chronic GVHD in otherwise HLA 10/10-matched unrelated-donor HCT. Our results formally define MICA as a novel major histocompatibility complex-encoded human transplantation antigen.
Biomarkers defining the metabolic age of red blood cells during cold storage
Authors: Paglia Giuseppe , D’Alessandro Angelo , Rolfsson Óttar , Sigurjónsson Ólafur E. , Bordbar Aarash , Palsson Sirus , Nemkov Travis , Hansen Kirk C. , Gudmundsson Sveinn , Palsson Bernhard O. 
Published: August 2016

Key Points
Eight extracellular biomarkers define the metabolic age of stored RBCs. Metabolomics defines a universal signature of RBC storage lesion.
Does temporal and locational flexibility of work increase the supply of working hours? Evidence from the Netherlands
Authors: Possenriede Daniel , Hassink Wolter H.J. , Plantenga Janneke 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In recent years, many employees have gained more control over temporal and locational aspects of their work via a variety of flexible work arrangements, such as flexi-time and telehomework. This temporal and locational flexibility of work (TLF) is often seen as a means to facilitate the combination of work and private life. As such it has been recommended as a policy to increase the average number of working hours of part-time workers. To the best of our knowledge, the effectiveness of this policy instrument has not been tested empirically yet. We therefore analyse whether flexi-time and telehomework arrangements increase the number of actual, contracted, and preferred working hours. Based on Dutch household panel data, our results indicate that the link between TLF and working hours is quite weak. Telehomework is associated with moderate increases in actual hours, but not in contracted or preferred hours. Flexi-time generally does not seem to be associated with an increase in hours worked. Despite positive effects on job satisfaction and working time fit, we do not find any convincing evidence of a positive effect of TLF on labour supply.

JEL classification: J22, J32, M52, M54
High quality draft genome sequence of the type strain of Pseudomonas lutea OK2T, a phosphate-solubilizing rhizospheric bacterium
Authors: Kwak Yunyoung , Park Gun-Seok , Shin Jae-Ho 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPseudomonas lutea OK2T (=LMG 21974T, CECT 5822T) is the type strain of the species and was isolated from the rhizosphere of grass growing in Spain in 2003 based on its phosphate-solubilizing capacity. In order to identify the functional significance of phosphate solubilization in Pseudomonas Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, we describe here the phenotypic characteristics of strain OK2T along with its high-quality draft genome sequence, its annotation, and analysis. The genome is comprised of 5,647,497 bp with 60.15 % G + C content. The sequence includes 4,846 protein-coding genes and 95 RNA genes.
Definitive Management of Primary Bladder Tumors in the Context of Metastatic Disease: Who, How, When, and Why?
Authors: Galsky Matthew D. , Domingo-Domenech Josep , Sfakianos John P. , Ferket Bart S. 
Published: August 2016

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. A 70-year-old man with urothelial cancer of the bladder (UBC) metastatic to the pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes was treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin, but after two cycles neutropenic sepsis developed, which required a prolonged intensive care unit admission. Upon recovery, repeat imaging studies revealed progressive pelvic and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, and the patient enrolled in a clinical trial that evaluated treatment with an anti-PD-L1 antibody. The patient achieved a complete radiographic response to immune checkpoint blockade, which continued for 18 months after initiating therapy ( Fig 1 ). However, at that time, a cystoscopy of his primary tumor and a transurethral resection revealed residual muscle-invasive UBC. The patient asked whether there is any role for definitive local therapy of his primary bladder tumor with radical cystectomy or radiation.
Assessment of the Interrater Reliability of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons Microanastomosis Assessment Scale
Authors: Pines Andrew R. , Alghoul Mohammed S. , Hamade Youssef J. , Sattur Mithun G. , Aoun Rami James N. , Halasa Tariq K. , Krishna Chandan , Zammar Samer G. , El Tecle Najib E. , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y. , Aoun Salah G. , Byrne Richard W. , Harrop James S. , Ragel Brian T. , Resnick Daniel K. , Lonser Russell R. , Selden Nathan R. , Bendok Bernard R. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The potential for simulation-based learning in neurosurgical training has led the Congress of Neurosurgical Surgeons to develop a series of simulation modules. The Northwestern Objective Microanastomosis Assessment Tool (NOMAT) was created as the corresponding assessment tool for the Congress of Neurosurgical Surgeons Microanastomosis Module. The face and construct validity of the NOMAT have been previously established.

OBJECTIVE: To further validate the NOMAT by determining its interrater reliability (IRR) between raters of varying levels of microsurgical expertise.

METHODS: The NOMAT was used to assess residents’ performance in a microanastomosis simulation module in 2 settings: Northwestern University and the Society of Neurological Surgeons 2014 Boot Camp at the University of Indiana. At Northwestern University, participants were scored by 2 experienced microsurgeons. At the University of Indiana, participants were scored by 2 postdoctoral fellows and an experienced microsurgeon. The IRR of NOMAT was estimated by computing the intraclass correlation coefficient using SPSS v22.0 (IBM, Armonk, New York).

RESULTS: A total of 75 residents were assessed. At Northwestern University, 21 residents each performed microanastomosis on 2 model vessels of different sizes, one 3 mm and one 1 mm. At the University of Indiana, 54 residents performed a single microanastomosis procedure on 3-mm vessels. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the total NOMAT scores was 0.88 at Northwestern University and 0.78 at the University of Indiana.

CONCLUSION: This study indicates high IRR for the NOMAT. These results suggest that the use of raters with varying levels of expertise does not compromise the precision or validity of the scale. This allows for a wider adoption of the scale and, hence, a greater potential educational impact.
Collective migration and cell jamming in asthma, cancer and development
Authors: Park Jin-Ah , Atia Lior , Mitchel Jennifer A. , Fredberg Jeffrey J. , Butler James P. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Collective cellular migration within the epithelial layer impacts upon development, wound healing and cancer invasion, but remains poorly understood. Prevailing conceptual frameworks tend to focus on the isolated role of each particular underlying factor – taken one at a time or at most a few at a time – and thus might not be tailored to describe a cellular collective that embodies a wide palette of physical and molecular interactions that are both strong and complex. To bridge this gap, we shift the spotlight to the emerging concept of cell jamming, which points to only a small set of parameters that govern when a cellular collective might jam and rigidify like a solid, or instead unjam and flow like a fluid. As gateways to cellular migration, the unjamming transition (UJT) and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) share certain superficial similarities, but their congruence – or lack thereof – remains unclear. In this Commentary, we discuss aspects of cell jamming, its established role in human epithelial cell layers derived from the airways of non-asthmatic and asthmatic donors, and its speculative but emerging roles in development and cancer cell invasion.
Deciduosis of the appendix: diagnostic dilemma continues despite MRI evidence
Authors: Chai D , Wijesuriya R 
Published: August 2016

Deciduosis (ectopic or extrauterine decidua) is a phenomenon seen in the ovary and cervix and on serosal surfaces of abdominal and pelvic organs. It is thought to be the result of progesterone effects on extrauterine mesenchymal cells during pregnancy. Although deposits are typically asymptomatic and incidentally found in surgically removed tissues on microscopy, deciduosis has also been known to cause pain and intraperitoneal haemorrhage. We sourced all cases of appendiceal deciduosis that have occurred in Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and Bunbury Hospital between the years 2006 and 2014. Clinical information was obtained from patients’ medical records. Four cases of ectopic decidua of the appendix, all of which were incidentally found in pregnant patients presenting with features highly suggestive of appendicitis, were reviewed. These patients underwent appendicectomy and subsequent histopathology findings showed deciduosis with no evidence of appendicitis. Deciduosis of the appendix can mimic acute appendicitis in pregnancy. At present, it is difficult to confidently differentiate one from the other either by way of clinical presentation or with current imaging modalities.
Trends in urgent referrals for suspected colorectal cancer: an increase in quantity, but not in quality
Authors: Vulliamy P , McCluney S , Raouf S , Banerjee S 
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION An understanding of the volume of incoming referrals to a colorectal cancer (CRC) service is essential for adequate delivery of service. We hypothesised that the number of 2-week-wait (2WW) referrals has increased over recent years, with a concomitant increase in demand for endoscopic and imaging investigations. METHODS A retrospective review of all referrals from primary care with suspected malignancy to Barking, Havering and Redbridge NHS Trust (BHRNHST, London, UK) from 2009 to 2014 was undertaken. Annual numbers of CRC diagnoses, colonoscopies and CT scans among these patients were reviewed. Linear regression models were used to determine the significance of observed trends. RESULTS Annual number of 2WW referrals for all cancers increased steadily from 14,031 to 19,983 during the study period (p<0.01). Referrals for suspected CRC increased from 1,706 to 2,874 (p=0.02). Number of colonoscopies and CT scans carried out in 2WW patients also increased significantly. Proportion of patients referred as a 2WW diagnosed with CRC decreased from 7.9% in 2009 to 4.7% in 2014 (p=0.02). DISCUSSION Number of referrals for suspected cancer from primary care to BHRNHST is increasing steadily, which has implications for service provision. Prevalence of cancer diagnoses from these referrals is decreasing. CONCLUSIONS There has been a sustained and substantial increase in the number of urgent referrals for suspected CRC at BHRNHST over recent years, without an increase in the number of resulting cancer diagnoses.
The effect of surgical experience on the amount of radiation exposure from fluoroscopy during dynamic hip screw fixation
Authors: Quah C , Mehta R , Shivji FS , Hassan S , Chandrasenan J , Moran CG , Forward DP 
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION Dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation for proximal femur fractures is one of the most common procedures in trauma that requires the use of fluoroscopy. Emphasis is often placed on producing the ‘perfect picture’, which may lead to excessive use of fluoroscopy, without added patient benefit. This study, the largest of its kind, aimed to determine the effect of surgical experience on the amount of radiation exposure from fluoroscopy during DHS fixation. METHODS All hospital admissions for extracapsular proximal femur fractures to our institution between 2007 and 2012 were analysed. Patient demographics, fracture configuration, grade of surgeon and the total radiation dose after fixation were recorded. Analysis of variance was performed to assess differences in radiation levels between different grades of surgeon. RESULTS A total of 1,203 patients with a mean age of 81.3 years (range: 21–105 years) were included in the study. The majority of the fractures were three-part (33.3%), followed by two-part (32.2%), four-part (25.7%) and basicervical (8.9%). Registrars (ST3–ST8) used a significantly higher radiation dose than consultants for all fracture types (p=0.009). When analysed separately by trainee group, the most junior registrars (ST3–ST4) and the most senior registrars (ST7–ST8) were found to use significantly higher radiation levels than consultants (p=0.037 and p<0.001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The level of surgical experience does influence the amount of radiation exposure from fluoroscopy during DHS fixation. Surgical trainees should not ignore the potential harmful effects of radiation and should be equipped with the knowledge of how to keep the radiation exposure as low as possible.
Short fiction in a transnational digital age
Authors: Ryan-Sautour Michelle 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Given the state of communication and publication today, it would be impossible to discuss ‘Short fiction in a transnational digital age’ without engaging in some way with digital media. The World Wide Web is an international phenomenon that is exerting influence upon culture and literature in ways we cannot yet fully understand. Short fiction’s involvement with digital media within this network can be linked to changing habits and perceptions on both the individual and societal level. In these evolving spaces, short fiction might still be approached in a traditional manner, as a unique, stable aesthetic unit, but it also requires that we take into consideration its position in a complex network of devices and processes. Certainly, many forms of literature are being significantly affected by the development of digital media. However, given its associations with experimentation and its generic elasticity, short fiction, in its many forms, appears well adapted for negotiating the evolving paradigms of digital reading and writing in their interconnection with literary networks and communities. In this article I will address some of the changes in the reading and writing of short fiction occurring through digital media and will suggest how short fiction might propose a space to explore the impact of these developments on a transnational level.