bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic Analysis of Stable and Unstable Vitiligo: A Study of 66 Cases
Authors: Yadav Amit Kumar , Singh Priyanka , Khunger Niti 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
Vitiligo is an acquired skin disorder characterized by milky-white macules and absence of functioning melanocytes. The cornerstone of its management is the correct categorization of a case into its 2 broad types—stable and unstable vitiligo. This distinction is at present based mainly on clinical criteria because the histopathological features are not fully established. This study was thus undertaken to examine histopathological features of vitiligo and to come up with a reliable and systematic approach toward this diagnostic challenge. All patients presenting with clinical features of vitiligo at our institution were included in the study. A 3-mm punch biopsy was taken from 3 sites—lesional, perilesional, and normal skin. Histopathological examination was primarily focused on evaluating 5 histopathological variables—spongiosis, epidermal lymphocytes, basal cell vacuolation, dermal lymphocytes, and melanophages. A total number of 66 patients were included in the study. There were 30 patients in stable and 36 in unstable vitiligo groups. It was observed that all 5 histopathological pattens were associated with unstable vitiligo. All the cases were then scored using a scoring system devised by the authors and the scores obtained were correlated with clinical categorization. It was observed that while there is a definite overlap in histological findings in the 2 groups, adoption of a systematic reporting system brings more consistency and objectivity in the diagnosis. The authors have recommended diagnoses that should be reported for the various scores. This in turn will help us to more reliably and confidently manage these patients.
Blue Nevus–Like Metastasis of a Cutaneous Melanoma Identified by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Campa Molly , Patel Mahir , Aubert Pamela , Hosler Gregory , Witheiler Daniel 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
A blue nevus–like melanoma is a rare melanoma variant arising from or histologically similar to a blue nevus. It can be challenging to distinguish a cellular blue nevus from a blue nevus–like melanoma, particularly in cases of blue nevus–like melanoma lacking a transition from a clearly benign component. We present a case of a 78-year-old man who refused treatment for a previously existing melanoma and subsequently developed a gray nodule near the site of the previous melanoma. After fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed copy number gains in RREB1, this was diagnosed as a blue nevus–like metastatic melanoma. Blue nevus–like metastatic melanoma is most commonly seen near the site of the primary cutaneous melanoma. This entity should be considered in a patient with a history of melanoma and a new blue nevus–like lesion.
MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION OF A CHOROIDAL NEVUS IN AN EYE TREATED FOR CHOROIDAL MELANOMA
Authors: Fabian Ido D. , Arora Amit K. , Cohen Victoria M. L. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose:
To report a case of a choroidal melanoma and a discrete choroidal nevus that has transformed into a malignant melanoma 5 years after initial diagnosis.

Methods:
Retrospective case report.

Results:
A diffuse macular choroidal melanoma and a discrete choroidal nevus located superonasal to the optic disk were diagnosed in the right eye of a 63-year-old woman in 2009. The patient was treated by ruthenium plaque radiotherapy for the choroidal melanoma, which consequently flattened and scarred. On a routine eye check in 2014, the nevus was found to have been transformed into a choroidal melanoma. It was treated with ruthenium plaque radiotherapy.

Conclusion:
Although extremely rare, patients with a uveal melanoma can develop an additional discrete uveal melanoma. This case highlights the importance of monitoring benign choroidal nevi in patients with a history of choroidal melanoma.
Branded app implementation at the London Symphony Orchestra
Authors: Gosling Victoria , Crawford Garry , Bagnall Gaynor , Light Ben 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to consider the key findings of a yearlong collaborative research project focusing on the London Symphony Orchestra’s development, implementation and testing of a branded smartphone app. This app was designed to primarily sell discounted tickets, engage and inform a student audience.Design/methodology/approach– A mixed-method approach including an analysis of the technology, focus groups and interviews was used.Findings– Though the aims of app developers and marketers are often to provide customers with more choice and interactivity, this research suggests that though the app proved a useful mechanism for selling discounted tickets, it indicates that existing customers were mostly enroled and mobilised via a limited and focused functionality for the app.Originality/value– This paper is significant as mobile phone use remains comparatively under-researched, in particular there is still a relatively small literature on the growing phenomena of apps, and even less on their use in brand marketing. Also importantly, though this paper offers a consideration of one case, the app has since been expanded to include the ticketing for ten major orchestras in London, and moreover, many of the lessons learnt from this study will be of relevance to other arts organisations.
eWOM in the performing arts: exploratory insights for the marketing of theaters
Authors: Hausmann Andrea , Poellmann Lorenz 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– Word of mouth (WOM) plays an important role for the decision process of customers. This is especially interesting for service-dominant organizations like theaters where quality is more difficult to evaluate. In times of social media, third party recommendations can be given much more quickly, effectively and in greater detail. However, up to now not much has been researched on electronic word of mouth (eWOM) in a performing arts marketing context. The purpose of this paper is to provide some first exploratory insights into this research area.

Design/methodology/approach
– To do so, a literature review is conducted to clarify the concept of eWOM and the relevance of recommendations in the performing arts. Then, parts of the results of an online survey on Facebook with 16 German theaters and their fans will be presented. Finally, the implications of the study results for theater marketing are considered and ideas for future research are discussed.

Findings
– The study results confirm that recommendations have a high relevance for theatergoers and are very relevant in a social media context. They also show that the trustworthiness of eWOM on social media depends on the familiarity between the message sender and receiver. However, the results are limited with regard to the research design. Therefore, this paper concludes with ideas for further research.

Originality/value
– All in all, though the study’s focus is narrow, this paper fills a research gap in the performing arts. In doing so, the understanding of the phenomenon and its importance for arts marketing will be enhanced.
How are arts organizations responding to critique in the digital age?
Authors: Wiggins Johnson Jennifer , Preece Stephen B. , Song Chanho 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– Online communications have made critical reviews widely accessible, enabled a broader range of opinions to be heard, and led to increased critical dialogue among audiences. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how arts organisations’ strategies for engaging with critique have evolved in the digital age.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper uses a content analysis of the online presence of 45 organisations. Based on the results, the organisations are classified into three different strategic approaches. The organisations’ publicly available financial data are analysed to explain differences in the choice of strategic approach, and specific cases are used to better understand their strategic execution.

Findings
– Organisations are engaging in three primary strategic responses: ignoring outside critique, presenting only positive reviews and ignoring or “spinning” negative reviews, and presenting all critique regardless of source or valence. The financial analysis suggests that the choice of strategic response varies across organisations of different sizes and approaches to advertising. Case analyses suggest that the strategy of presenting all critique has the potential to deepen audience engagement and value.

Originality/value
– Previous research on critical reviews has focused on traditional media and the importance of the professional critic. This paper is the first to examine strategies for coping with the complex, multiple-voiced nature of critique in the current online environment. The findings suggest questions for future research and provide initial guidelines for organisations in determining a strategic approach to responding to critique.
Routing algorithm with QoS constraints for real time multicast communications using particle swarm optimization and genetic meta-optimizer
Authors: CAMARGO YEISON JULIAN , Ramirez Leonardo Juan , Martinez Ana Karina 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The current work shows an approach to solve the QoS multicast routing problem by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).

The problem of finding a route from a source node to multiple destination nodes (multicast) at a minimum cost is an NP-Complete problem (Steiner tree problem) and is even greater if Quality of Service -QoS- constraints are taken into account. Thus, approximation algorithms are necessary to
solve this problem. This work presents a routing algorithm with two QoS constraints (delay and delay variation) for solving the routing problem based on a modified version of particle swarm optimization.

Design/methodology/approach
This work involved the following methodology:
1. Literature Review
2. Routing algorithm design
3. Implementation of the designed routing algorithm by java programming.
4. Simulations and results.

Findings
In this work we compared our routing algorithm against the exhaustive search approach. The results showed that our algorithm improves the execution times in about 40% with different topologies.

Research limitations/implications
The algorithm was tested in three different topologies with 30, 40 and 50 nodes with and a dense graph topology.

Originality/value
Our algorithm implements a novel technique for fine tuning the parameters of the implemented bio-inspired model (Particles Swarm Optimization) by using a Genetic Meta-Optimizer. We also present a simple and multi implementation approach by using an encoding system that fits multiple bio-inspired models.
A computational and experimental study for the optimum reinforcement layout design of an RC frame
Authors: ÖZKAL Fatih Mehmet , UYSAL Habib 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Compared with conventional design methods, strut-and-tie modeling is a more suitable and even a superior method for the reinforcement layout design of structural members with uncommon geometrical shapes and/or regions essentially subject to shear effects. Because the determination of the optimum strut-and-tie model for each of the members is an important task, the implementation of a topology optimization method could be useful before the detailing stage.

Design/methodology/approach
Optimum reinforcement layout of a concrete frame was designed by an integrated approach, which consists of the topology optimization and strut-and-tie modeling methods. Subsequently, an experimental comparison of the new model with the conventional model was performed based on their structural behaviors.

Findings
Depending on the experimental results, it was concluded that the new integrated design method presents more successful results than does the conventional method for the design of reinforced concrete (RC) members.

Originality/value
The preference of the new method will facilitate the design process by eliminating the experience required of design engineers.
Design of energy efficient RAL system using evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Nilakantan Mukund J , Ponnambalam S G , N Jawahar 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Manufacturing industries these days gives importance to reduce the energy consumption due to the increase in energy prices and to create an environmental friendly industry. Robotic assembly lines (RALs) are used in an industry for assembling different types of products in an assembly line due to the flexibility it offers to the production system. Since different types of robots are available with different specialization and capabilities, there is a requirement of efficiently balancing the assembly line by allocating equal amount of tasks to the workstations and allocate the best fit robot to perform the allocated tasks. The goal of this paper is to maximize the line efficiency by minimizing the total energy consumption in a U-shaped robotic assembly line.

Design/methodology/approach
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Differential evolution (DE) are the two evolutionary algorithms used as the optimization tool to solve this problem. Performance of these proposed algorithm are tested on a set of randomly generated problems which are generated using the benchmark problems available in the open literature and the results are reported.

Findings
The proposed algorithm are found to be useful to reduce the total energy consumption on an assembly line which maximizes the line efficiency. It is found that DE algorithm could improve the line efficiency than PSO algorithm. Computational time taken by the two algorithm are also reported.

Originality/value
Till date, no research has been reported on optimizing the line efficiency by minimizing the total energy consumption in a U-shaped robotic assembly line systems. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Differential evolution (DE) are the two evolutionary algorithms used as the optimization tool to solve this problem.
Trust-region reflective optimisation to obtain soil visco-plastic properties
Authors: Le Thu Minh , Fatahi Behzad 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
A non-linear creep function embedded in an elastic visco-plastic (EVP) model can simulate the decrease of creep compression rate with time. It overcomes the limitation of a linear logarithmic creep function, by which creep continuously increases to infinite value as time approaches infinity. However, the determination of the creep model parameters is a challenging task to apply the EVP model. Therefore, this paper presents a new numerical solution to determine the EVP model parameters applying trust-region reflective least square optimisation algorithm and the finite difference scheme to simulate stress-strain behaviour of soft soil.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the developed method is verified against the field case study of Väsby test fill. A set of EVP model parameters is obtained by applying the developed method to the available laboratory consolidation results of Väsby clay. Then, the predictions of settlement and the excess pore water pressure at different depths are compared to the available field measurement.

Findings
The analysis results show the developed method is a reliable tool to evaluate the long-term performance of soft soils under embankments.

Practical implications
Practicing engineers can use the proposed optimisation algorithm to increase the accuracy of the soil visco-plastic model parameters by utilising all laboratory results of several loading stages during and after the dissipation of the excess pore water pressure.

Originality/value
A novel numerical solution to determine the viscoplastic model parameters applying trust-region reflective least square optimisation algorithm has been developed.
How women traverse an upward journey in Indian industry: multiple case studies
Authors: Chawla Sonam , Sharma Radha R. 
Published: April 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present multiple case studies of women in leadership roles in India with a view to identifying inhibitors, facilitators and the strategies adopted by them to mitigate the challenges in their odyssey to these positions. The paper contributes to the pivotal subject of under-representation of women in apex positions, which has garnered the attention of researchers in recent years grappling with the identification of the underlying causes. Thus, with a view to narrowing the gender gap in leadership positions, a greater understanding of this phenomenon is called for.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts exploratory case study method using multiple case studies. Empirical data were gathered using in-depth semi-structured interviews and personality test (NEO FFI) from women in leadership positions. The qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsThe analysis of data has led to the identification of challenges faced by the women that were categorised as personal, professional, organisational and social issues. Further, six themes emerged as the strategies adopted by the women leaders to overcome the challenges. The paper also highlights the critical social, behavioural and organisational facilitators that played an important role in their leadership journey. The paper also includes context-specific findings of women leaders from Indian industry.Practical implicationsThe paper would have relevance for researchers and practitioners in the field of gender diversity, leadership, organisational behaviour and human resource management. The findings of this paper can be leveraged by organisations to retain and manage female talent, which is a focal area in the present dynamic business environment, when a need for gender diversity is widely acknowledged by the top management in organisations. The exploratory case studies provide vistas for gender-based context-specific and cross-cultural research on the challenges faced by women executives in their leadership journey and the strategies adopted to mitigate these.Originality/valueThough a great deal has been written about the barriers to women’s career advancement, less is known about the facilitators of women’s advancement. Also, women in the Asian context face unique challenges which present a major problem for multinational companies whose hopes for growth are pinned on emerging markets. The paper has identified new emergent themes, which have not been mentioned in the extant literature nationally or globally. The findings provide inputs to companies to adopt policies and practices to facilitate gender equality in leadership. The paper bridges the knowledge gap and makes conceptual contributions for future research.
Voter reaction to government incompetence and corruption related to the 1999 earthquakes in Turkey
Authors: Akarca Ali T. , Tansel Aysit 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– Two major earthquakes which struck Northwestern Turkey in 1999 exposed rampant corruption involving construction and zoning code violations. The government’s relief efforts were tainted by corruption as well, and exhibited a great deal of incompetence. How voters responded to these in the next election held in 2002 is investigated. The fact that different group of parties were responsible for the construction of the shoddy buildings, and for the corruption and mismanagement related to relief, provided us with a unique opportunity to determine whether and how the electorate punished the culprits for each of these. The purpose of this paper is to shed light also on the new party system which emerged in Turkey after 2002.Design/methodology/approach– Vote equations are estimated for the seven major political parties. These are fitted to cross-provincial data individually, using ordinary least squares and robust regression methods, and as a system, using seemingly unrelated regressions procedures. The same picture emerges from each of these methods.Findings– Not just those ruling at the time of the earthquakes, but also other parties which were in power when the substandard buildings, were built were held accountable by the electorate. Furthermore, the Turkish voters appear to have allocated the blame rationally, taking into consideration the division of labor in the central government, and the relative influences the parties had on local administrations. Reaction of the voters to government incompetence and corruption was one of the factors which resulted in the emergence of a new party system. In 2002, the AKP, established only a year before, captured almost all of the far-right Islamist, about half of the far-right nationalist, and more than half of the center-right votes in 2002.Originality/value– Corruption usually makes little difference in the fortunes of politicians. Some recent studies suggest that it takes more than just exposure of corruption to get the voters to react. Politicians pay a significant price only when the corruption touches all political parties across the board, is not accompanied by good governance, and competent non-corrupt alternatives are available. The results provide support for this assertion from the natural experiment that has taken place in Turkey.
Price differentiation and menu costs in credit card payments
Authors: Jorge Marcos Valli , Maldonado Wilfredo Leiva 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to model a credit card market where the retailers may charge differential prices depending on the instrument of payment used by the consumer. According to the research agenda proposed by Rochet and Wright (2010), the authors find conditions for the existence of differential prices equilibrium and analyze the effects of that price differentiation on the consumer’s welfare.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is done when the consumer has also the store credit as an alternative of payment. The equilibrium prices are computed assuming a Hotelling competition among retailers in both scenarios, when the cost of the store credit provided by the retailer is greater than that provided by the credit card and vice versa.

Findings
– From this, the authors prove that the average price under the price differentiation is lower than the single price under the no-surcharge rule; nevertheless, the retailer’s margins remain the same in both situations. Furthermore, some cross-subsidies are expunged when price differentiation is allowed. The authors also conclude that the consumers’ welfare is greater when the no-surcharge rule is abolished. Finally, if the retailers face menu costs whenever they differentiate prices, the authors provide sufficient conditions for differential prices remain as equilibrium.

Practical implications
– This is an important input for discussions among regulators and players of the credit card market.

Originality/value
– From the analysis the authors can conclude that price differentiation, according to the instrument of payment, is a welfare improving policy. The authors explicitly determine the average price in that setting and the differentiated prices even in presence of costs that arise from price differentiation. The obtained theoretical results can be used as an input for econometric modeling purposes.