bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Reference Network eUROGEN Guidelines on the Management of Anorectal Malformations, Part II: Treatment
Authors: Aubert Ophelia , Irvine Willemijn F. E. , Aminoff Dalia , de Blaauw Ivo , Cascio Salvatore , Cretolle Célia , Iacobelli Barbara Daniela , Mantzios Konstantinos , Midrio Paola , Miserez Marc , Sarnacki Sabine , Schmiedeke Eberhard , Schwarzer Nicole , Sloots Cornelius , Stenström Pernilla , Lacher Martin , Gosemann Jan-Hendrik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are rare birth defects affecting the anorectum and oftentimes the genitourinary region. The management of ARM patients is complex and requires highly specialized surgical and medical care. The European Reference Network eUROGEN for rare and complex urogenital conditions aimed to develop comprehensive guidelines for the management of ARM applicable on a European level.
Methods The Dutch Quality Standard for ARM served as the basis for the development of guidelines. Literature was searched in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane. The ADAPTE method was utilized to incorporate the newest available evidence. A panel of 15 experts from seven European countries assessed currency, acceptability, and applicability of recommendations. Recommendations from the Dutch Quality Standard were adapted, adopted, or rejected and recommendations were formed considering the current evidence, expert opinion, and the European context.
Results Surgical and medical treatment of ARM, postoperative instructions, toilet training, and management of fecal and urinary incontinence were addressed. Seven new studies were identified. The panel adapted 23 recommendations, adopted 3, and developed 8 de novo. The overall level of newly found evidence was considered low.
Conclusion Treatment of ARM patients requires a multidisciplinary team and expertise about anatomical and surgical aspects of the disease, as well as long-term follow-up. This guideline offers recommendations for surgical and medical treatment of ARM and associated complications, according to the best available evidence and applicable on a European level.
Compact laser wakefield acceleration toward high energy with micro-plasma parabola
Authors: Geng Xuesong , Xu Tongjun , Zhang Lingang , Kostyukov Igor , Pukhov Alexander , Shen Baifei , Ji Liangliang 
Published: September 2024

Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) promises compact accelerators toward the high-energy frontier. However, the approach to the 100 GeV milestone faces the obstacle of the long focal length required for optimal acceleration with high-power lasers, which reaches hundreds of meters for 10–100 PW lasers. The long focal length originates from optimal laser intensity required to avoid nonlinear effects and hence large spot size and Rayleigh length. We propose a “telescope” geometry in which a micro-plasma parabola (MPP) is coupled with a short-focal-length off-axis parabola, minimizing the focal length to the meter range for LWFA under optimized conditions driven by lasers beyond 1 PW. Full-dimensional kinetic simulations demonstrate the generation of a 9 GeV electron bunch within only 1 m optical length—only one-tenth of that required with the conventional approach with the same performance. The proposed MPP provides a basis for the construction of compact LWFAs toward single-stage 100 GeV acceleration with 100 PW class lasers.
Energy harvesting and human motion sensing of a 2D piezoelectric hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite
Authors: Ji Li-Jun , Zhao Chen , Yang Tian-Yi , Yang Hai-Run , Azeem Muhammad , Li Zi-Ying , Feng Rui , Feng Guo-Qiang , Li Sha , Li Wei 
Published: September 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have garnered plentiful attention as a result of their exceptional structural flexibility and multiple applications. In this study, we present a 2D HOIP (CHA)2PbBr4 (CHA = cyclohexylamine), for its potential applications in piezoelectricity, such as strain energy sensing and harvesting. Flexible composite films of (CHA)2PbBr4/PDMS (PDMS = polydimethylsiloxane) with a sequence of weight ratios (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 wt %) of (CHA)2PbBr4 were fabricated to analyze the energy harvesting properties. Experimental results demonstrated that a device with 15% composition exhibited the most optimized performance in energy harvesting, producing a peak magnitude of output voltage of 11.6 V, a short-circuit current of 0.38 µA, and a power density of 6.77 µW/cm2, along with notable stability exceeding 4000 cycles. Furthermore, this device exhibited high sensitivity in monitoring many varieties of human movements, such as finger bending and tapping, elbow bending, and gentle foot stamping. The findings of this study indicate that this 2D HOIP holds significant potential for use in flexible sensing and intelligent wearable devices.
Online decoupling of the time-varying longitudinal feedback loops for improved performance in Advanced Virgo Plus*
Authors: van Dael Mathyn , Witvoet Gert , Swinkels Bas , Pinto Manuel , Bersanetti Diego , Casanueva Julia , Ruggi Paolo , Mantovani Maddalena , Spinicelli Piernicola , de Rossi Camilla , Boldrini Mattia , Oomen Tom 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Gravitational Wave detectors require low-noise sensors combined with high-performance feedback loops to maximize the detector sensitivity in the low-frequency detection range. Some feedback loops in the detector are strongly coupled and their coupling varies over time, which is inherent to the optical configuration and the optical readout scheme used to obtain error signals for the feedback loops. This paper presents a control-based approach to deal with the time-varying interaction among three of the longitudinal degrees of freedom in the Advanced Virgo Plus detector, using the pre-existing infrastructure of the detector. An intuitive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output stability criterion is presented that illustrates how the time-varying coupling affects the stability of the feedback loops, as well as a method that identifies the coupling online and updates a decoupling matrix accordingly. Experiment results of the proposed method on the Advanced Virgo Plus detector illustrate continuous minimization of the coupling over time. Using the derived stability criterion, it is furthermore shown that the coupling is sufficiently minimized such that the interaction terms can be neglected in the control design, resulting in an improved controller performance.
Finiteness of 3D higher spin gravity Landscape
Authors: Sammani Rajae , Boujakhrout Youssra , Saidi El Hassan , Ahl Laamara Rachid , Drissi Lalla Btissam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We give Swampland constraints on the three dimensional Landscape of Anti-de Sitter higher spin gravity in the Chern–Simons formulation with connection valued in various split real forms of Lie algebras. We derive the finiteness conjecture by computing the upper bound on the rank of possible gauge groups then we refine it using the AdS distance conjecture. We discuss the implications of this Swampland constraint on the spectrum of higher spin gravity theories and we compare it with the gravitational exclusion principle required from BTZ black hole consideration to excerpt a constraint on the Chern–Simons level k.
Amplified squeezed states: analyzing loss and phase noise
Authors: Kwan K M , Yap M J , Qin J , Gould D W , Chua S S Y , Junker J , Adya V B , McRae T G , Slagmolen B J J , McClelland D E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Phase-sensitive amplification of squeezed states is a technique to mitigate high detection loss, which is especially attractive at 2 µm wavelengths. We derived an analytical model proving that amplified squeezed states can mitigate phase noise significantly. Our model discloses two practical parameters: the effective measurable squeezing and the effective detection efficiency of amplified squeezed states. A realistic case study includes the dynamics of the gain-dependent impedance matching conditions of the amplifier. Our results recommend operating the optical parametric amplifier at high gains because of the signal-to-noise ratio’s robustness to phase noise. Amplified squeezed states are relevant in proposed gravitational wave detectors and interesting for applications in quantum systems degraded by the output coupling loss in optical waveguides.
Symmetries in particle physics: from nuclear isospin to the quark model
Authors: Berganholi Bruno , Dorsch Gláuber C , Sena Beatriz M D , do Valle Giovanna F 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a concise pedagogic introduction to group representation theory motivated by the historical developments surrounding the advent of the Eightfold Way. Abstract definitions of groups and representations are avoided in favour of the physical intuition of symmetries of the nuclear interaction. The concept of nuclear isospin is used as a physical motivation to introduce SU(2) and discuss the main techniques of representation theory. The discovery of strange particles motivates extending the symmetry group to SU(3), at first in the context of the Sakata model. We highlight the successes in fitting mesons in the SU(3) octet, discuss the drawbacks of the Sakata model for baryonic classifications, and how the Eightfold Way finally led to the quark model. This approach has two major advantages: (i) the main concepts of the theory of Lie groups are introduced and discussed without ever losing touch with its applications in particle physics; (ii) it allows the beginner to study group theory while also becoming acquainted with the historical developments of particle physics that led to the concept of quarks. In particular, in this pedagogical path the quarks appear as yet another class of particles predicted from symmetry principles, rather than being introduced ad hoc for postulating an SU(3) symmetry, as usually done in the literature.
Far field operator splitting and completion in inverse medium scattering
Authors: Griesmaier Roland , Schätzle Lisa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study scattering of time-harmonic plane waves by compactly supported inhomogeneous objects in a homogeneous background medium. The far field operator associated to a fixed scatterer describes multi-static remote observations of scattered fields corresponding to arbitrary superpositions of plane wave incident fields at a single frequency. In this work we consider far field operators for systems of two well-separated scattering objects, and we discuss the nonlinear inverse problem to recover the far field operators associated to each of these two scatterers individually. This is closely related to the question whether the two components of the scatterer can be distinguished by means of inverse medium scattering in a stable way. We also study the restoration of missing or inaccurate components of an observed far field operator and comment on the benefits of far field operator splitting in this context. Both problems are ill-posed without further assumptions, but we give sufficient conditions on the diameter of the supports of the scatterers, the distance between them, and the size of the missing or corrupted data component to guarantee stable recovery whenever sufficient a priori information on the location of the unknown scatterers is available. We provide algorithms, error estimates, a stability analysis, and we demonstrate our theoretical predictions by numerical examples.
Microstructural evolution and formation of defect complexes in diamond films by nitrogen-containing plasma
Authors: Raj Rahul , Chatterjee Subhajit , Pradeep K G , Ramachandra Rao M S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The morphology and crystalline quality of polycrystalline diamond samples were studied by systematically varying the flowrate of nitrogen gas in the microwave plasma. A slight improvement in both crystallite size and crystalline quality is observed for a low concentration of 0.5 sccm nitrogen. With a further increase in nitrogen concentration, diamond switches from micro-crystalline to nanocrystalline (NCD) with a nitrogen flow of 2.5 sccm (10% of methane concentration). The surface roughness of the sample is found to depend strongly on the crystallite size of the sample. Extensive spectroscopic studies have been done to understand the presence and formation of different defect complexes in diamond. XPS and Raman analysis of the films reveal the variation of graphitic content as a function of nitrogen addition. The presence of nitrogen-containing defect complexes has been studied thoroughly and their concentration has been found to be limited by the solubility limit rather than the availability of reactants in the gas environment. In contrast, the effect these complexes have on the strain of the diamond film is found to be negligible. Optical emission spectroscopy of the plasma reveals the presence of C2 dimers as well as C-N radicals. However, they have little role in modifying diamond grain morphology or crystalline quality.
Study on the vibration characteristics of angular contact ball bearing cage under rolling-sliding compound motion
Authors: Yang Fang , Xia Zhongbing , Ma Xiqiang , Guo Nan , Zhong Zhidan , Ye Jun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cage fracture has become the main form of bearing failure, the study of factors affecting the operating condition of the cage has an important impact on the operating performance and life of bearings. This study takes the angular contact ball bearing H7006C as the object of study and extracts the bearing inner ring and cage speed to analyse the bearing slip rate law. Extract cage vibration data and analyse cage vibration frequency characteristics using the variational mode decomposition method. The effects of load and speed induced bearing slippage on the vibration characteristics of cages are investigated by varying the induced bearing slippage factors. The effects of load and speed induced bearing slip on the vibration characteristics of cages are investigated separately by varying the induced bearing slip factors. The study found that, at a fixed rotational speed, the bearing slip rate decreases as the axial load increases from 0 to 350 N, and then stabilizes beyond 350 N. Under fixed load conditions, the bearing slip rate increases with the rotational speed ranging from 1000 to 9000 rpm. At a constant speed, the axial load is varied within 50–100 N, resulting in vibration frequency increases of 72 Hz, 43.5 Hz, and 24 Hz at 1000 rpm, 5000 rpm, and 9000 rpm, respectively. The characteristic frequency of cage vibration rises with increasing load, contributing to smoother cage operation. Nonetheless, as the rotational speed increases, the influence of axial load-induced slippage on the vibration characteristics of the cage diminishes gradually. At a set load of 500 N, the amplitudes of the cage vibration eigenfrequencies at 1000 rpm, 3000 rpm, and 7000 rpm are 0.0317, 0.0288, and 0.0174, respectively, decreasing with rotational speed. This indicates that the cage does not operate smoothly. The findings of this study serve as a theoretical foundation for detecting and diagnosing bearing slip and vibration issues in rotating machinery.
A simulation study on visual preview control of vehicle magnetorheological suspension
Authors: Xie Lei , Wang Pengsai , Zhou Wei , Liao Changrong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
At present, the boom in intelligent vehicles, especially automotives, has brought magnetorheological (MR hereinafter) suspensions into further focus. Generally, traditional MR suspensions work with acceleration sensors to respond with a non-negligible time delay issue due to the inductive property of MR damper (MRD hereinafter), which hinders their full performance especially at high-speed driving with a powerless ‘blind zone’. To address this issue, this study proposes a simulation study on visual preview control for vehicle MR suspension based on model predictive control, since the road preview is able to compensate the time delay due to the future road information perceived in advance. First, a camera with a computer vision algorithm is employed to preview road information of target type, target size and distance to wheels. Besides, the error correction of radial and tangential distortions of camera lens are investigated, and the trajectory of wheels are predicted by a cycloid model because MR suspension only needs to respond to the road targets that the wheels will pass over. Further, the area in front of the vehicle is divided into a recognition zone and action zone, and the road targets within action zone (<1.5 m) are calculated more precisely for a prepared immediate response from the MR suspension. Then, the performance of a simulating vehicle MR suspension is investigated through a joint simulation by the automotive simulation software CarSim and the model-solving Simulink. The evident results show that the MR suspension with visual preview control performs the best in ride comfort (mean square values of sprung mass acceleration is 82% and 52% lower compared to a passive suspension and a MR suspension with skyhook control, respectively). Therefore, the visual preview control strategy of MR suspension is able to enhance the performance on the discrete road conditions.
CORC® wires allowing bending to 20 mm radius with 97.5% retention in critical current and having an engineering current density of 530 A mm−2 at 20 T
Authors: van der Laan Danko , Weiss Jeremy , Radcliff Kyle , Abraimov Dmytro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Low-inductance, high-field insert solenoid magnets and 20 T dipole magnets for particle accelerators require flexible cables, wound from high-temperature superconductors (HTS) such as RE-Ba2Cu3O7−
δ (REBCO) coated conductors, that allow bending to a 20 mm radius without significant degradation in performance. They require an operating current of at least 5 kA and a high engineering current density (J
e) exceeding 500 A mm−2 at 20 T. HTS cable technologies that target such demanding magnet applications so far have not been able to meet the combination of these requirements. Here we present the development of the next generation of Conductor on Round Core (CORC®) wires that are produced with an optimized manufacturing process that improves their bending flexibility by factor of more than 2 compared to previous generation CORC® wires. CORC® wires now allow for a bending radius of 20 mm with only 2%–3% performance degradation. They allow bending to a radius of 15 mm with a performance retention of 83.5%. The performance of 30-tape CORC® wires wound from 2 mm wide REBCO tapes from SuperPower Inc, SuperOx and shanghai superconductor technologies was measured at magnetic fields up to 12 T. The overall performance at high magnetic fields of the next generation of CORC® wires improved by a factor of 1.5–1.8, depending on the REBCO tape manufacturer. CORC® wires wound from production REBCO tapes achieved a new record J
e of 751 A mm−2 at a current of 8.3 kA at 12 T, and a J
e of 530 A mm−2 at a current of 5.8 kA when extrapolated to 20 T. The next generation of CORC® wires present the first HTS cable technology that simultaneously meet the requirements on bending flexibility, engineering current density and critical current at 20 T for use in low-inductance, high-field particle accelerator magnets. They now enable a more expedited development of prototype low-inductance solenoid magnets that target fields exceeding 25 T and of accelerator magnets that generate a dipole field exceeding 20 T.
Dark current in FTO/CZTS interface: a comprehensive comparison of practical Vs theoretical approach using SCAPS-1D
Authors: Chavan Kalyan B , Desarada Sachin V , Chaure Shweta , Chaure Nandu B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the deposition of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and soda-lime glass (SLG) substrates using radio frequency (RF) sputtering at varying temperatures. A comprehensive characterization employing multiple analytical techniques was conducted. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the amorphous nature of CZTS films being deposited up to 200 °C, while higher temperatures promoted increased crystallinity, with the presence of (112) and (220) planes observed at 300 °C and 400 °C. Rietveld refinement using Profex software revealed an increase in crystallite size with deposition temperature for films grown at 300 °C and 400 °C. Optical characterization through UV–vis spectroscopy unveiled a decrease in band gap energy with increasing deposition temperature, while the Urbach energy, associated with defects and imperfections, exhibited an inverse relationship with band gap and temperature. Experimental current–voltage (I-V) measurements using a Keithley source meter showed variations in the ideality factor with deposition temperature. SCAPS-1D simulations were performed to model the FTO/CZTS interface, incorporating experimental parameters. The simulated I-V behavior demonstrated a transition from recombination to diffusion-dominated current above 1.3 V forward bias. Simulations yielded higher ideality factors due to increased contributions from recombination and diffusion currents. Overall, this study provides insights into the growth, structural, optical, and electrical properties of CZTS thin films deposited by RF sputtering, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the FTO/CZTS heterojunction characteristics and their dependence on deposition temperature.
Wavelength tunable single-frequency ring cavity fiber laser utilizing external injection locking signal
Authors: Chen Xuening , Tian Chuan , Wang Meng , Bai Xiaolei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The ring cavity fiber laser with saturable absorption fibers is a simple and practical technical way of achieving single-frequency laser output. However, this structure cannot obtain wavelength-tunable laser output. In this work, an external injection locking signal launched by tunable LD is used to optimize the tunability in single-frequency ring cavity fiber lasers. By aligning the external injection signal, tunable laser output ranging from 1544.13 to 1546.51 nm is achieved. The maximum output is 16.5 mW and the linewidth is less than 6.15 kHz. The operation process and the linewidth compression effect of external Injection signals are investigated. The results indicate that there is a correlation between the output signal-to-noise ratio and the output linewidth, and this wavelength-tuning structure has the potential for rapid tuning. This work provides a technical solution for achieving a tunable single-frequency laser in the ring cavity structure.
Barrow holographic dark energy: reconstruction within Saez-Ballester theory in Kantowski-Sachs universe
Authors: Chokyi Khandro K , Chattopadhyay Surajit , Tawfik Abdel Nasser 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Within the framework of the Saez-Ballester theory, the Barrow Holographic Dark Energy (BHDE) has been reconstructed. This reconstruction was carried out in a homogeneous and anisotropic KS universe that was filled with BHDE. The study examined both non-interacting and interacting scenarios, with the future event horizon serving as the IR cut-off. The analysis focused on the evolution of the equation of State parameter for both cases, as well as the trajectories of

w

DE

−
w

′

DE

. Additionally, the study investigated the inflation of the Universe filled with BHDE by plotting the slow-roll parameters. Furthermore, a connection between the canonical scalar field and BHDE was explored, as the presence of a scalar field is often associated with inflation. Finally, the tensor-to-scalar ratio r is plotted which seems to lie within the acceptable range.