bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FDTD simulation of beamforming shape of a woolly horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus luctus)
Authors: Zhang H Y , Wu J , Li Y F , Yin S X , Guo C T , Zhuang Q 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The practicality of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method is employed to calculate the bat biosonar beamforming shape obtained from the three dimensional (3D) digital model of a woolly horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus luctus), as well as to acquire the nearfield sound pressure distribution of the transient sound field. The multiple sound pressure amplitude can be obtained by Fourier transform of the instantaneous sound pressure in the nearfield FDTD region. According to Kirchhoff integral, the far field normalized directivity pattern is obtained. The single point source is positioned at the center of the computational region, which is surrounded by four different number of perfectly matched layer (PML). The FDTD method is utilized to calculate the absorption of waves by the PML. The trustworthiness of the algorithm is authenticated by the outcomes. It demonstrates that FDTD can produce satisfactory outcomes for biosonar calculations on the woolly horseshoe bat.
Study on the effect of the excited area on the vibration characteristics of a thin circular plate
Authors: Han Mingliang , Zhang Guangbin , Zhang Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the vibration modes and radiated directivity of a thin circular plate excited by a sandwich longitudinal vibration transducer are studied. The finite element model is set up to study the effect of the contact area between the transducer and the circular radiation plate on the vibration modes and the radiation characteristics. The first six vibration modes of the thin vibration plate are analyzed, and the results show that the vibration modes of the area-excited thin circular plate are different from those of the free vibration thin circular plate and the point-excited thin circular plate. Simulation results show that under different contact areas, the thin circular plate vibrates in different modes. With the increase of the excitation area, the frequencies of each mode of the circular plate gradually increase. Moreover, the excited area also affects the radiative directivity. With the increase of the excited area, the main lobe width of the radiative directivity becomes narrower.
EC-QCL-based photoacoustic spectroscopy for simultaneous detection of SF6 and SO2F2
Authors: Wei Qianhe , Li Bincheng , Zhao Binxing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In recent years, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) have been widely used as gas insulating medium and fumigant, respectively, leading to an increase in their emissions. Additionally, SF6 will decompose into SO2F2 in gas-insulated equipment due to overheating and discharge faults. Considering the hazards of SF6 and SO2F2 to the atmosphere and human health, it is essential to develop an accurate measurement system capable of simultaneously monitoring trace amounts of SF6 and SO2F2 in the ambient air at the application site. In the present work, a photoacoustic (PA) system combining an external-cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL) and a differential Helmholtz resonator has been used to realize the detection of SF6 and SO2F2. When the characteristic absorption wavenumbers of SF6 and SO2F2 were 1256.9 cm−1 and 1270.9 cm−1, respectively, the minimum detection limits of 2.3 ppm and 6.3 ppb were achieved. Based on the Allan deviation analysis, the stability of the PA system was evaluated and the detection sensitivity of both SF6 and SO2F2 was improved under the optimal integration time. An analysis of four different mixtures of SF6 and SO2F2 in N2 demonstrated the ability of the PAS apparatus to measure both gases simultaneously.
Characteristic analysis of the vortex excited using the photoacoustic transducer with a spiral light absorption surface
Authors: Yan Shuo , Tang AnQi , Hu JiaKang , Yang Zeru 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
It is proved that the vortex acoustic field can be excited with laser by designing the photoacoustic transducer with a spiral light absorption surface. The generated acoustic field has a spiral phase wavefront, and the pressure on the central axis along its propagation direction is zero. The orbital angular momentum that can be used for positioning and manipulation of particles is formed by the vortex. The characteristics of the generated acoustic vortex at different frequency and detection position are analyzed for 1-5 topological charge. And the influence of the geometric configurations such as the width and size of logarithmic spiral slot are also studied for the achieving the desired vortex field with focused intensity.
Scattering of elastic waves by a cluster of cylindrical inclusions: multiple scattering analysis and equivalent scatterer modeling
Authors: Ito Naoki , Biwa Shiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The two-dimensional scattering of elastic waves by a cluster of aligned circular cylindrical elastic inclusions embedded in a circular cylindrical domain of an infinitely extended elastic medium is analysed numerically. The analysis is based on a semi-analytical method where the scattered waves are expressed as the eigenfunction expansions of the time-harmonic displacement potentials and the expansion coefficients are determined by a numerical collocation technique. The wave fields within and around the cluster are demonstrated for different spatial arrangements of inclusions in the cluster. It is also examined if the scattering characteristics of the cluster can be simulated by a single equivalent scatterer which has the effective homogenized properties of the matrix/inclusion composite. As a result, it is shown that for sufficiently small inclusion radius-wavelength ratios, the scattering characteristics of the cluster are relatively insensitive to the spatial inclusion arrangements therein, and can be reasonably simulated by those of the equivalent scatterer.
Sound Field Visualization of Specified Frequency by Combining Scanning System with Lock-in Amplifier
Authors: Yang Jiahao , Li Pan , Yin Guanjun , Nie Shibo , Tian Ye , Guo Jianzhong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Sound field visualization of specified frequency is an essential method for acoustic studies, especially in nonlinear acoustics. In this paper, we designed a sound field visualization system of specified frequency (SVSF). By combining the traditional sound field scanning system with the lock-in amplifier (LIA), the SVSF can visualize the amplitude distribution of multiple arbitrary specified frequencies with only one-time sound field scanning. Further, depending on the SVSF, we analysed the nonlinear acoustic effects around the focus of a spherical coronal ultrasonic transducer array. The excitation signal is a sinusoidal signal at 40 kHz. The results show that the acoustic waves at the focus contain fundamental frequencies at 40 kHz and harmonic frequencies at 80 kHz, 120 kHz, and 160 kHz. Comparing the amplitude distribution of those frequencies, we found that higher harmonics own smaller focus areas as well as lower amplitude, which conforms to the nonlinear acoustic theory. The system is convenient for those similar studies involving the multi-frequency amplitude field comparison.
Characterizing and communicating uncertainty: lessons from NASA’s Carbon Monitoring System
Authors: Kennedy Robert E , Serbin Shawn P , Dietze Michael C , Andersen Hans-Erik , Babcock Chad , Baker David F , Brown Molly E , Davis Kenneth J , Duncanson Laura , Feng Sha , Hudak Andrew T , Liu Junjie , Patterson Paul L , Raczka Brett , Cochrane Mark A , Sepúlveda Carlo Edil A , Vargas Rodrigo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Navigating uncertainty is a critical challenge in all fields of science, especially when translating knowledge into real-world policies or management decisions. However, the wide variance in concepts and definitions of uncertainty across scientific fields hinders effective communication. As a microcosm of diverse fields within Earth Science, NASA’s Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) provides a useful crucible in which to identify cross-cutting concepts of uncertainty. The CMS convened the Uncertainty Working Group (UWG), a group of specialists across disciplines, to evaluate and synthesize efforts to characterize uncertainty in CMS projects. This paper represents efforts by the UWG to build a heuristic framework designed to evaluate data products and communicate uncertainty to both scientific and non-scientific end users. We consider four pillars of uncertainty: origins, severity, stochasticity versus incomplete knowledge, and spatial and temporal autocorrelation. Using a common vocabulary and a generalized workflow, the framework introduces a graphical heuristic accompanied by a narrative, exemplified through contrasting case studies. Envisioned as a versatile tool, this framework provides clarity in reporting uncertainty, guiding users and tempering expectations. Beyond CMS, it stands as a simple yet powerful means to communicate uncertainty across diverse scientific communities.
A probabilistic forecast for multi-year ENSO using Bayesian convolutional neural network
Authors: Sreeraj P , Balaji B , Paul Arya , Francis P A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A robust El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction is essential for monitoring the global climate, regional monsoons, and weather extremes. Despite dedicated efforts spanning decades, the precise prediction of ENSO events through numerical modeling beyond a couple of seasonal lead times remains a daunting challenge. The advent of deep learning-based approaches marks a transformative era in climate and weather prediction. However, many machine learning-based studies attempting ENSO prediction are confined to singular estimates, lacking adequate quantification of uncertainty in learned parameters and overlooking the crucial need for a nuanced understanding of ENSO prediction confidence. Here, we introduce a deep learning-based Bayesian convolutional neural network model that provides robust probabilistic predictions for ENSO with a lead time of up to 9–10 months across all seasons. The Bayesian layers within the convolutional neural network maintain the capability to predict a distribution of learned parameters. Augmented with bias correction, our model reproduces the amplitude of the Niño 3.4 index with fidelity for lead up to 9–10 months. The inherent capacity for uncertainty modeling enhances the reliability of bayesian neural networks (BNNs), making them particularly valuable in operational services. This research holds substantial socio-economic implications as it enhances our forecasting capabilities and rigorously quantifies forecast uncertainties, providing valuable insights for planning and policymaking.
Land covers associated with forest expansion hot spots in the Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Budhathoki Karuna , Jamaludin Johanness , Schmidt-Vogt Dietrich , Webb Edward 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many regions of the Himalaya are experiencing forest expansion, signifying a widespread forest transition across this fragile mountain system. In the Nepal Himalaya, forest expansion is increasingly attributed to the narrative of cropland abandonment driven by rural outmigration. Understanding forest change dynamics as consequences of land use changes is critical in the context of rural mountain societies such as Nepal, which exhibit complex interactions between forest, agriculture, and livelihoods. We analysed forest gain in Nepal from 2000–2019 to inquire where and when forests have expanded and what land covers transitioned into forests. We integrated spatiotemporal analysis of national land cover maps and photointerpretation of very high resolution (VHR) imagery to improve analytical estimates. The Middle Mountain physiographic region experienced the strongest hot spots of forest gains relative to the high mountains or lowlands. Visual interpretation of VHR showed that 68.8% of forest gains since 2000 occurred on shrubland, and 26.5% on cropland. The dominance of shrubland-forest transitions implied that shrubland is an intermediate stage in a multi-decadal succession process, or a semi-permanent state such as arrested succession. Notably however, we also detected cropland-forest transitions occurring as fast as 6–10 years, indicating the potential for rapid forest succession if biophysical conditions permit. Thus, variations in land cover transitions to forests in the hills implicated multiple pathways of forest regeneration, reflecting a variety of spatiotemporally explicit drivers. Our results differ from previous studies because VHR image analysis accounted for land cover classification errors and improved land cover quantification. Further research on spatially explicit mechanisms and drivers of forest gain are needed to understand the synergies of forest, agriculture, and livelihoods to inform land use land cover policies that could be leveraged to enhance rural mountain livelihoods.
Forging Friendships
Authors: Rembis Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Asylum life could be harrowing and relentlessly monotonous. Yet the asylum was also a dynamic space where inmates worked and formed valued relationships with one another. Although not all inmates got along and prejudices common in the outside world continued to shape life within the institution, nearly all mad writers recounted the strong ties that bound them to their fellow inmates. Relationships forged through common experiences of distress and the trauma of institutional life and founded upon both formal and informal exchanges of labor created a widely understood sense of trust and reciprocity among inmates, which in turn enabled them to share the most intimate details of their lives with one another. Sometimes inmate friendships flowered into groups and clubs, which could be sanctioned by asylum staff but more often existed away from the watchful eyes of attendants, nurses, and physicians. Inmates helped one another survive, and when they could not, they mourned the loss of their friends. White, mostly middle-class, former inmates who wrote about their experiences worked to convey the complexities of institutional life and at the same time make sense of their experiences, while also forming a community of ex-inmates and affirming the humanity of the growing inmate population.
Autosomal recessive VWA1-related disorder: comprehensive analysis of phenotypic variability and genetic mutations
Authors: Nagy Sara , Pagnamenta Alistair T , Cali Elisa , Braakman Hilde M H , Wijntjes Juerd , Kusters Benno , Gotkine Marc , Elpeleg Orly , Meiner Vardiella , Lenberg Jerica , Wigby Kristen , Friedman Jennifer , Perry Luke D , Rossor Alexander M , Uhrova Meszarosova Anna , Thomasova Dana , Jacob Saiju , O'Driscoll Mary , De Simone Lenika , Grange Dorothy K , Sommerville Richard , Firoozfar Zahra , Alavi Shahryar , Mazaheri Mahta , Parmar Jevin M , Lamont Phillipa J , Pini Veronica , Sarkozy Anna , Muntoni Francesco , Ravenscroft Gianina , Jones Eppie , O'Rourke Declan , Nel Melissa , Heckmann Jeannine M , Kvalsund Michelle , Kapapa Musambo M , Wa Somwe Somwe , Bearden David R , Çakar Arman , Childs Anne-Marie , Horvath Rita , Reilly Mary M , Houlden Henry , Maroofian Reza 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A newly identified subtype of hereditary axonal motor neuropathy, characterized by early proximal limb involvement, has been discovered in a cohort of 34 individuals with biallelic variants in von Willebrand factor A domain-containing 1 (VWA1). This study further delineates the disease characteristics in a cohort of 20 individuals diagnosed through genome or exome sequencing, incorporating neurophysiological, laboratory and imaging data, along with data from previously reported cases across three different studies. Newly reported clinical features include hypermobility/hyperlaxity, axial weakness, dysmorphic signs, asymmetric presentation, dystonic features and, notably, upper motor neuron signs. Foot drop, foot deformities and distal leg weakness followed by early proximal leg weakness are confirmed to be initial manifestations. Additionally, this study identified 11 novel VWA1 variants, reaffirming the 10 bp insertion-induced p.Gly25ArgfsTer74 as the most prevalent disease-causing allele, with a carrier frequency of ∼1 in 441 in the UK and Western European population. Importantly, VWA1-related pathology may mimic various neuromuscular conditions, advocating for its inclusion in diverse gene panels spanning hereditary neuropathies to muscular dystrophies. The study highlights the potential of lower quality control filters in exome analysis to enhance diagnostic yield of VWA1 disease that may account for up to 1% of unexplained hereditary neuropathies.
Anabolic steroids as the substrate for atrial fibrillation: a case report
Authors: Yebari Manal , Bouchaala Abderrahmane , Berraj Issam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequently encountered sustained arrhythmia worldwide. This supraventricular rhythm disorder is precipitated by advanced age, valvular heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, congenital heart defects, and others. However, the role of anabolic steroids (ASs) abuse in precipitating AF remains insufficiently researched and largely underreported, despite their known cardiovascular risks.

Case summary
We present the case of a 40-year-old male bodybuilder who was admitted to the emergency department with symptomatic AF. His medical history revealed the use of ASs, which was suspected to be the trigger. A thorough biological evaluation and echocardiography were performed, revealing no structural or functional cardiac abnormalities. After electrical cardioversion and discontinuation of AS use, the patient’s rhythm returned to normal, with no recurrence of arrhythmia during follow-up.

Discussion
This case highlights the potential but underexplored link between AS use and the onset of AF. Although ASs are known to affect cardiovascular health by promoting hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and endothelial dysfunction, their role in arrhythmogenesis, particularly in AF, remains unclear. In this patient, the absence of other identifiable triggers, combined with the resolution of symptoms upon steroid cessation, strongly suggests a causal relationship. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms through which ASs may contribute to the development of AF, particularly in younger, otherwise healthy individuals such as athletes and bodybuilders. This case underscores the importance of awareness among clinicians regarding the potential cardiac risks associated with AS use.
Incidental non-infectious masses on cardiac implantable electronic device leads
Authors: Fernandes S , Dias M , Conde I , Silva R , Ferreira C , Vilela F , Mane F , Marques J , Vieira C , Rocha S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Incidentally detected masses on the leads of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) present a clinical challenge, raising suspicion of infective device endocarditis. Data on the prevalence of such findings are scarce and outdated.

Purpose
Our aim was to determine the prevalence and evaluate predisposing clinical factors of incidental non-infectious CIED lead masses during transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE).

Methods
In this retrospective single-centre study, we analysed all TOE examinations performed in patients with CIED leads between January 2010 and November 2023. Patients with suspected or confirmed infectious endocarditis were excluded from this study. Patients with and without incidental non-infectious lead masses were compared regarding clinical characteristics, anticoagulation, type of CIED, and indication for TOE.

Results
In total, 120 patients with CIED were included. Twenty-five patients (20,8%) presented with non-infectious CIED lead masses. Laboratory findings and cardiovascular risk factors, such as arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease did not differ significantly between both groups. Moreover, no association was observed between the incidence of CIED lead masses and the type of CIED implanted. Of notice, patients without therapeutic anticoagulation had significantly higher prevalence of CIED lead masses (OR 2.59, 95% CI: 1.04-6.46.; p=0.02), whereas the distribution of CHA2DS2-VASc scores did not differ significantly between both groups.

Conclusion
Non-infectious CIED lead masses in TOE is a frequent incidental finding. The absence of the oral anticoagulation seems to be the only clinical risk factor for such finding in our study, suggesting possible thrombogenic etiology.
The high prevalence of incidental non-infectious lead masses should be kept in mind in order to avoid overdiagnosis of CIED infection and unnecessary lead extraction.
The impact of intravenous agitated saline contrast echocardiography on subclinical neuronal injury determined by neuron-specific enolase
Authors: Korkmaz K , Tulunay Kaya C , Us E , Tutar D E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a congenital defect in interatrial septum with 25-30% prevelance. Diagnostic methods include transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT), but transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the primary diagnostic method. TTE involves the injection of agitated saline intravenously, and the passage of microbubbles from the right atrium to the left atrium is monitored. The reliability of this method has been questioned in various case series, with a low incidence (0.062%) of generally transient, mild clinical cerebrovascular events reported. Silent cerebral ischemia (SSI) is asymptomatic, radiographically identified acute neuronal damage. SSI is associated with an increased risk of stroke, dementia, and cognitive impairment. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) with high specificity for neural cells can be used to detect SSI. While symptomatic patients have been evaluated in reported case series, there is no study determining the relationship and reliability of intravenous agitated saline echocardiography (SCE) with SSI. This study aims to determine whether TTE, performed on patients with PFO without neurological history and a healthy control group, can cause SSI by evaluating NSE with SCE.

Materials and methods
52 patients undergoing SCE for color flow through interatrial septum or prominent interatrial septal aneurysm and are diagnosed with PFO were included. Additionally, 51 control patients without detected PFO or ASA were also included. Serum samples were taken from the patients before and 12 hours after the SCE test, and NSE levels were measured by the ELISA method.

Results
The mean baseline NSE level was 12.7 ng/mL with a median of 5.3 ng/mL in the PFO group, and in the control group, the mean was 9.1 ng/mL with a median of 6.4 ng/mL. At 12 hours, the mean NSE levels in the PFO group were 9.8 ng/mL with a median of 6.6 ng/mL, and in the control group, the mean was 12.7 ng/mL with a median of 5.8 ng/mL. The increase in NSE levels after SCE, was not statistically significant when comparing the PFO and control groups (p=0.77). No relationship was found between age, presence of interatrial septal aneurysm, presence of mitral annulus calcification, the number of bubbles passed in the SCE test, and the basal and 12-hour change in NSE levels (p=0.926). NSE level changes were found to be correlated between groups (p&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
This study is the first to evaluate whether SCE causes subclinical neuronal damage. Our study suggests that when evaluated with NSE, the SCE method is safe and does not cause subclinical neuronal damage in patients without underlying neuronal susceptibility.results