bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of approaches for testing concurrent programs
Authors: Arora Vinay , Bhatia Rajesh , Singh Maninder 
Published: December 2015

SummaryConcurrent programs are replacing the sequential programs as they utilize the true capabilities of multicore architecture. The extensive use of multicore systems and multithreaded paradigms warrants more attention to the testing of the concurrent programs. The testing concurrent program is not a new field as it has been more than 40 years because the first problem related to the testing concurrent program was addressed by the researchers. The field covers various domains, which include concurrency problems, testing approaches, techniques, graphical representations, tools, and subject systems. This paper aims at providing an overview of research in the domain of testing concurrent programs by classifying it into eight categories: (a) reachability testing, (b) structural testing, (c) model‐based testing, (d) mutation‐based testing, (e) slicing‐based testing, (f) formal methods, (g) random testing, and (h) search‐based testing. The survey is focused on the techniques applied, methodologies followed, and tools used in these aforementioned approaches. Furthermore, the gaps are also identified in different approaches. The paper concludes with the consolidation of various testing parameters along with the future directions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Task‐based FMM for heterogeneous architectures
Authors: Agullo Emmanuel , Bramas Berenger , Coulaud Olivier , Darve Eric , Messner Matthias , Takahashi Toru 
Published: December 2015

SummaryHigh performance fast multipole method is crucial for the numerical simulation of many physical problems. In a previous study, we have shown that task‐based fast multipole method provides the flexibility required to process a wide spectrum of particle distributions efficiently on multicore architectures. In this paper, we now show how such an approach can be extended to fully exploit heterogeneous platforms. For that, we design highly tuned graphics processing unit (GPU) versions of the two dominant operators P2P and M2L) as well as a scheduling strategy that dynamically decides which proportion of subsequent tasks is processed on regular CPU cores and on GPU accelerators. We assess our method with the StarPU runtime system for executing the resulting task flow on an Intel X5650 Nehalem multicore processor possibly enhanced with one, two, or three Nvidia Fermi M2070 or M2090 GPUs (Santa Clara, CA, USA). A detailed experimental study on two 30 million particle distributions (a cube and an ellipsoid) shows that the resulting software consistently achieves high performance across architectures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐Dimensional Self Assembly of Semiconducting Colloidal Nanocrystals: From Fundamental Forces to Collective Optical Properties
Authors: Abécassis Benjamin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSelf‐assembly of colloidal nanoparticles into higher order superstructures is becoming an important topic in current research in nanoscience. More and more research efforts are being dedicated to the controlled processing of nanoparticle dispersions to yield complex architectures from these simple building blocks. This is due to the fact that collective effects can emerge from an assembly of organized nanoparticles. Semiconducting colloidal nanocrystals such as quantum dots are promising materials for a wide range of applications in optoelectronic photovoltaics. The fundamental interactions that dictate the self‐assembly of semiconducting colloidal nanocrystals in apolar solvents are reviewed with a focus on 3D structures and basic shapes (spheres, rods, and platelets). Emergent collective properties and the effect of the self‐assembly on the optical properties of the particles are also discussed.
Rumination, Entrapment and Suicide Ideation: A Mediational Model
Authors: Teismann Tobias , Forkmann Thomas 
Published: December 2015

Rumination has been shown to be positively associated with suicide ideation. Yet, only few studies have attempted to explain potential mediators of this association. Perceptions of entrapment are a core component of recent psychological models of suicidality and might mediate the relationship between rumination and suicide ideation. Possible mediator effects were investigated in an online sample (n = 142) and a clinical sample (n = 226) of adults receiving outpatient psychotherapy. Results demonstrated that perceptions of entrapment fully mediated the association between ruminative thinking and suicide ideation. However, the reverse relationship, where the association between entrapment and suicide ideation is mediated by ruminative thinking, was not supported. These findings suggest that the relationship between rumination and suicide ideation is explained by perceptions of entrapment. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Ruminative thinking and perceptions of entrapment are associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior.
Perceptions of entrapment fully mediate the association between ruminative thinking and suicide ideation.
Clinically, it could be useful to incorporate perceptions of entrapment into the psychosocial risk assessment of persons contemplating suicide.
High‐Performing Polycarbazole Derivatives for Efficient Solution‐Processing of Organic Solar Cells in Air
Authors: Burgués‐Ceballos Ignasi , Hermerschmidt Felix , Akkuratov Alexander V. , Susarova Diana K. , Troshin Pavel A. , Choulis Stelios A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe application of conjugated materials in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is usually demonstrated in lab‐scale spin‐coated devices that are processed under controlled inert conditions. Although this is a necessary step to prove high efficiency, testing of promising materials in air should be done in the early stages of research to validate their real potential for low‐cost, solution‐processed, and large‐scale OPVs. Also relevant for approaching commercialization needs is the use of printing techniques that are compatible with upscaling. Here, solution processing of organic solar cells based on three new poly(2,7‐carbazole) derivatives is efficiently transferred, without significant losses, to air conditions and to several deposition methods using a simple device architecture. High efficiencies in the range between 5.0 % and 6.3 % are obtained in (rigid) spin‐coated, doctor‐bladed, and (flexible) slot‐die‐coated devices, which surpass the reference devices based on poly[N‐9′‐heptadecanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT). In contrast, inkjet printing does not provide reliable results with the presented polymers, which is attributed to their high molecular weight. When the device area in the best‐performing system is increased from 9 mm2 to 0.7 cm2, the efficiency drops from 6.2 % to 5.0 %. Photocurrent mapping reveals inhomogeneous current generation derived from changes in the thickness of the active layer.
ZDHHC16 modulates FGF/ERK dependent proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells in the zebrafish telencephalon
Authors: Shi Wei , Chen Xueran , Wang Fen , Gao Ming , Yang Yang , Du Zhaoxia , Wang Chen , Yao Yao , He Kun , Hao Aijun 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn vertebrates, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) maintenance is critical for nervous system development and homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of NSPCs have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that zebrafish ZDHHC16, a DHHC encoding protein, which was related to protein palmitoylation after translation, was expressed in the developing forebrain, and especially in the telencephalon. Loss‐ and gain‐of‐function studies showed that ZDHHC16 played a crucial role in the regualtion of NSPCs proliferation during zebrafish telencephalic development, via a mechanism dependent on its palmitoyltransferase activity. Further analyses showed that the inhibition of ZDHHC16 led to inactivation of the FGF/ERK signaling pathway during telencephalic NSPCs proliferation and maintenance. Taken together, our results suggest that ZDHHC16 activity is essential for early NSPCs proliferation where it acts to activate the FGF/ERK network, allowing for the initiation of proliferation –regulated gene expression programs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1014–1028, 2016
A systematic review of approaches to refeeding in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Garber Andrea K. , Sawyer Susan M. , Golden Neville H. , Guarda Angela S. , Katzman Debra K. , Kohn Michael R. , Le Grange Daniel , Madden Sloane , Whitelaw Melissa , Redgrave Graham W. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveGiven the importance of weight restoration for recovery in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), we examined approaches to refeeding in adolescents and adults across treatment settings.MethodsSystematic review of PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Clinical Trials databases (1960–2015) using terms refeeding, weight restoration, hypophosphatemia, anorexia nervosa, anorexia, and anorexic.ResultsOf 948 screened abstracts, 27 met these inclusion criteria: participants had AN; reproducible refeeding approach; weight gain, hypophosphatemia or cognitive/behavioral outcomes. Twenty‐six studies (96%) were observational/prospective or retrospective and performed in hospital. Twelve studies published since 2010 examined approaches starting with higher calories than currently recommended (≥1400 kcal/d). The evidence supports 8 conclusions: 1) In mildly and moderately malnourished patients, lower calorie refeeding is too conservative; 2) Both meal‐based approaches or combined nasogastric+meals can administer higher calories; 3) Higher calorie refeeding has not been associated with increased risk for the refeeding syndrome under close medical monitoring with electrolyte correction; 4) In severely malnourished inpatients, there is insufficient evidence to change the current standard of care; 5) Parenteral nutrition is not recommended; 6) Nutrient compositions within recommended ranges are appropriate; 7) More research is needed in non‐hospital settings; 8) The long‐term impact of different approaches is unknown;DiscussionFindings support higher calorie approaches to refeeding in mildly and moderately malnourished patients under close medical monitoring, however the safety, long‐term outcomes, and feasibility outside of hospital have not been established. Further research is also needed on refeeding approaches in severely malnourished patients, methods of delivery, nutrient compositions and treatment settings.
Water and nutrient discharge to a high‐value terrace–floodplain fen: resilience and risk
Authors: Schilling Keith E. , Jacobson Peter J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWhile fens provide a host of ecosystem services, those located at the base of river terraces are under threat from upgradient agricultural activities. We investigated a fen located along the boundary of the highly agricultural terrace and modern floodplain of the Cedar River in southeast Iowa using a transect of groundwater and surface water monitoring points. During the three‐year monitoring period, the water table level in the terrace fluctuated 55 cm in the terrace, but hydraulic head in the fen varied only 18 cm during a severe drought that occurred in the region. Fen water table levels were significantly related to those measured in the adjacent terrace but groundwater flow to the fen from regional aquifer sources appeared to provide resilience against large fluctuations in fen water table levels. Terrace groundwater discharging into the fen from a spring at the terrace base had NO3–N concentrations as high as 16 mg/l, averaging approximately 8 mg/l during the study. Concentrations were significantly lower in fen groundwater, likely due in part to denitrification occurring in the organic‐rich fen deposits. PO4–P concentrations were less variable (ranging from 0.04 to 0.1 mg/l) but were significantly higher (1.2 mg/l) in the low‐redox fen groundwater. Conservation of these unique and high‐value terrace–fen ecosystems should be made a priority through additional hydrologic investigation and local land management. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total Synthesis of the Resveratrol Oligomers (±)‐Ampelopsin B and (±)‐ϵ‐Viniferin
Authors: Lindgren Anders E. G. , Öberg Christopher T. , Hillgren J. Mikael , Elofsson Mikael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe total synthesis of the resveratrol dimers (±)‐ampelopsin B and (±)‐ϵ‐viniferin is reported. Highlights of the approach include the use of cyclopropylmethyl groups to protect aromatic alcohols. This group allows an acid promoted three‐step, one‐pot deprotection–epimerization–cyclization of an advanced intermediate to give (±)‐ampelopsin B. An important advantage with our strategy is the possibility of synthesizing analogs to these natural products to further study the chemistry and biology of resveratrol oligomers.
Methodological Trends in Research on Evaluation
Authors: Galport Matt , Galport Nicole 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe wide array of methodologies and analysis techniques available to evaluators presents both an opportunity and a challenge. Whereas practicing evaluators have an ever‐growing collection of methodologies from which to choose, those seeking to take stock of recent research on the set of evaluation methodologies appropriate for a given situation are faced with a daunting task. Although a number of empirical research on evaluation studies have proposed innovative methodologies, relatively few studies offer comparisons of the relative utility of these methods. Moreover, a systematic review of the empirical research on evaluation methodology has not been published. Using a general inductive approach, this chapter systematically examines 65 peer‐reviewed articles published in the American Journal of Evaluation to uncover themes and trends in research on evaluation methodologies and techniques. The present chapter provides a description of the reviewed literature, identifies the methodological themes addressed by the articles in this sample, and addresses the gaps in the current literature.
Using Action Design Research to Research and Develop Evaluation Practice
Authors: Smith Nick L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAlthough much research on evaluation (RoE) is intended to eventually improve practice, little of it embeds the research in ongoing evaluations so that immediate improvements can be made at the local practitioner level in real time. Action Design Research is an approach to develop and improve practice as part of the ongoing process of conducting an evaluation. After identifying limitations in current approaches to RoE, I discuss the need for a case‐based view of practice that emphasizes practical as well as technical reasoning and then discuss the use of Action Design Research to develop and test alternative evaluation practices to both improve ongoing practice and contribute to general knowledge about the professional practice of evaluation.
Prestimulus default mode activity influences depth of processing and recognition in an emotional memory task
Authors: Soravia Leila M. , Witmer Joëlle S. , Schwab Simon , Nakataki Masahito , Dierks Thomas , Wiest Roland , Henke Katharina , Federspiel Andrea , Jann Kay 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLow self‐referential thoughts are associated with better concentration, which leads to deeper encoding and increases learning and subsequent retrieval. There is evidence that being engaged in externally rather than internally focused tasks is related to low neural activity in the default mode network (DMN) promoting open mind and the deep elaboration of new information. Thus, reduced DMN activity should lead to enhanced concentration, comprehensive stimulus evaluation including emotional categorization, deeper stimulus processing, and better long‐term retention over one whole week. In this fMRI study, we investigated brain activation preceding and during incidental encoding of emotional pictures and on subsequent recognition performance. During fMRI, 24 subjects were exposed to 80 pictures of different emotional valence and subsequently asked to complete an online recognition task one week later. Results indicate that neural activity within the medial temporal lobes during encoding predicts subsequent memory performance. Moreover, a low activity of the default mode network preceding incidental encoding leads to slightly better recognition performance independent of the emotional perception of a picture. The findings indicate that the suppression of internally‐oriented thoughts leads to a more comprehensive and thorough evaluation of a stimulus and its emotional valence. Reduced activation of the DMN prior to stimulus onset is associated with deeper encoding and enhanced consolidation and retrieval performance even one week later. Even small prestimulus lapses of attention influence consolidation and subsequent recognition performance. Hum Brain Mapp 37:924–932, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tests of pattern separation and pattern completion in humans—A systematic review
Authors: Liu Kathy Y. , Gould Rebecca L. , Coulson Mark C. , Ward Emma V. , Howard Robert J. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTTo systematically review the characteristics, validity and outcome measures of tasks that have been described in the literature as assessing pattern separation and pattern completion in humans. Electronic databases were searched for articles. Parameters for task validity were obtained from two reviews that described optimal task design factors to evaluate pattern separation and pattern completion processes. These were that pattern separation should be tested during an encoding task using abstract, never‐before‐seen visual stimuli, and pattern completion during a retrieval task using partial cues; parametric alteration of the degree of interference of stimuli or degradation of cues should be used to generate a corresponding gradient in behavioral output; studies should explicitly identify the specific memory domain under investigation (sensory/perceptual, temporal, spatial, affect, response, or language) and account for the contribution of other potential attributes involved in performance of the task. A systematic, qualitative assessment of validity in relation to these parameters was performed, along with a review of general validity and task outcome measures. Sixty‐two studies were included. The majority of studies investigated pattern separation and most tasks were performed on young, healthy adults. Pattern separation and pattern completion were most frequently tested during a retrieval task using familiar or recognizable visual stimuli and cues. Not all studies parametrically altered the degree of stimulus interference or cue degradation, or controlled for potential confounding factors. This review found evidence that some of the parameters for task validity have been followed in some human studies of pattern separation and pattern completion, but no study was judged to have adequately met all the parameters for task validity. The contribution of these parameters and other task design factors towards an optimal behavioral paradigm is discussed and recommendations for future research are made. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TSG attenuates LPC‐induced endothelial cells inflammatory damage through notch signaling inhibition
Authors: Zhao Jing , Liang Yuan , Song Fan , Xu Shouzhu , Nian Lun , Zhou Xuanxuan , Wang Siwang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) induces inflammation in endothelial cells (ECs) but the mechanism is not fully understood. The Notch signaling pathway is involved in chronic EC inflammation, but its functions in LPC‐induced endothelial inflammatory damage and 2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside's (TSG) protective effect during LPC‐induced inflammatory damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is largely unknown. We report that Notch signaling activation contributed to LPC‐induced injury in HUVECs, and that TSG protected HUVECs from LPC‐induced injury by antagonizing Notch signaling activation by LPC. γ‐secretase inhibitor (DAPT), a specific inhibitor of the Notch signaling pathway, and Notch1 siRNA were used to inhibit Notch activity. HUVECs were exposed to LPC in the presence or absence of TSG, DAPT, and Notch1 siRNA. LPC treatment of HUVECs resulted in reduced cell viability, and Notch1 and Hes1 upregulation. Either silencing of Notch1 by siRNA or pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling by DAPT prevented the loss of cell viability, and induction of apoptosis, and enhanced expression Notch1, Hes1 and MCP‐1 by LPC in HUVECs. Similarly, TSG reduced LPC stimulation of Notch1, Hes1, and MCP‐1 expression, prevented the release of IL‐6 and CRP and rescued HUVECs from LPC‐induced cell damage. Our data indicate that the Notch signaling pathway is a crucial mediator of endothelial inflammatory damage and that TSG protects against endothelial inflammatory damage by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that targeting Notch signaling by natural products such as TSG is a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammation associated diseases, including atherosclerosis. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 68(1):37–50, 2016
Integrin‐specific hydrogels functionalized with VEGF for vascularization and bone regeneration of critical‐size bone defects
Authors: García José R. , Clark Amy Y. , García Andrés J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractVascularization of bone defects is considered a crucial component to the successful regeneration of large bone defects. Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been delivered to critical‐size bone defect models to augment blood vessel infiltration into the defect area, its potential to increase bone repair remains ambiguous. In this study, we investigated whether integrin‐specific biomaterials modulate the effects of VEGF on bone regeneration. We engineered protease‐degradable, VEGF‐loaded poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels functionalized with either a triple‐helical, α2β1integrin‐specific peptide GGYGGGP(GPP)5GFOGER(GPP)5GPC (GFOGER) or an αvβ3integrin‐targeting peptide GRGDSPC (RGD). Covalent incorporation of VEGF into the PEG hydrogel allowed for protease degradation‐dependent release of the protein while maintaining VEGF bioactivity. When applied to critical‐size segmental defects in the murine radius, GFOGER‐functionalized VEGF‐free hydrogels exhibited significantly increased vascular volume and density and resulted in a larger number of thicker blood vessels compared to RGD‐functionalized VEGF‐free hydrogels. VEGF‐loaded RGD hydrogels increased vascularization compared to VEGF‐free RGD hydrogels, but the levels of vascularization for these VEGF‐containing RGD hydrogels were similar to those of VEGF‐free GFOGER hydrogels. VEGF transiently increased bone regeneration in RGD hydrogels but had no effect at later time points. In GFOGER hydrogels, VEGF did not show an effect on bone regeneration. However, VEGF‐free GFOGER hydrogels resulted in increased bone regeneration compared to VEGF‐free RGD hydrogels. These findings demonstrate the importance of integrin‐specificity in engineering constructs for vascularization and associated bone regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 889–900, 2016.