bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dapagliflozin reduces albuminuria in patients with diabetes and hypertension receiving renin‐angiotensin blockers
Authors: Heerspink H. J. L. , Johnsson E. , Gause‐Nilsson I. , Cain V. A. , Sjöström C. D. 
Published: March 2016

AimsTo characterize the effect of dapagliflozin on albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and to determine whether effects on albuminuria were mediated through changes in glycated haemoblogin (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), body weight or eGFR.MethodsWe conducted a post hoc analysis of data pooled from two phase III clinical trials in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on stable angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy, randomly assigned to dapagliflozin 10 mg/day or matched placebo. This analysis included only patients with microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria at baseline.ResultsPatients were randomized to receive dapagliflozin 10 mg (n = 167) or placebo (n = 189). Dapagliflozin resulted in greater 12‐week reductions in albuminuria compared with placebo: −33.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) −45.4, −18.2]. The reduction in albuminuria was also present after adjusting for age, sex and changes in HbA1c, SBP, body weight and eGFR: −23.5% (95% CI −37.6, −6.3). There was a decrease in eGFR with dapagliflozin versus placebo that was readily reversed 1 week after last dose. No serious renal‐related adverse events were observed in any group.ConclusionsDapagliflozin was effective in lowering albuminuria in patients with T2DM and hypertension using renin‐angiotensin system blockade therapy. Reductions in albuminuria were still present after adjusting for changes in HbA1c, SBP, body weight and eGFR. Dapagliflozin‐induced improvements in glycaemic control and reductions in SBP, coupled with other potentially beneficial renal effects, may lead to a reduced long‐term renal and cardiovascular risk.
Acquisition of genomic events leading to lymphoblastic transformation in a rare case of myeloproliferative neoplasm with BCR–JAK2 fusion transcript
Authors: Duployez Nicolas , Nibourel Olivier , Ducourneau Benoît , Grardel Nathalie , Boyer Thomas , Bories Claire , Darre Stéphane , Coiteux Valérie , Berthon Céline , Preudhomme Claude , Roche‐Lestienne Catherine 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe report a case of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) with an atypical t(9;22;15)(p24;q11;q21) translocation, leading to a BCR–JAK2 fusion, associated with a trisomy of chromosome 8 in clonal evolution at karyotype. Patient's evolution was marked by an aggressive clinical course with rapid progression to blast phase within the first year after diagnosis. Examination of matched chronic phase and blast crisis samples by SNP‐array karyotyping identified secondary acquired cryptic genetic events at the time of lymphoblastic transformation, including biallelic IKZF1 alteration and EBF1 and CDKN2A/B codeletions. This case is the first report describing acquisition of secondary genetic events leading to acute lymphoblastic progression in a rare MPN with BCR–JAK2 fusion.
Cyclic behaviour of 12% Cr ferritic‐martensitic steel upon long‐term on‐site service in power plants
Authors: Zhang Z. , Hu Z. F. , Schmauder S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe strain‐controlled and stress‐controlled low‐cycle fatigue behaviour of served 12% Cr ferritic–martensitic steel is conducted at room temperature. Continuous softening is observed at both control modes, and the fitting results show that the fatigue properties of 12% Cr steel are not reduced significantly after 230 000 h service at 550 °C/13.7 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy has been employed to investigate the microstructure evolution after long‐term service. It is proved that the decomposition of martensite laths structure and the coarsening of carbides at grain/lath boundaries are the main reasons why the pipe bursts after 180 000 h service at 550 °C/17.1 MPa. The fracture under both control modes has been observed by using scanning electron microscopy, and it indicates coarse carbides along grain/lath boundaries are favourable sites for micro‐crack nucleation and the secondary cracks along the fatigue striations are formed by the connection of micro‐cracks nucleated during fatigue behaviour.
Assembling Urban Regeneration? Resourcing Critical Generative Accounts of Urban Regeneration through Assemblage.
Authors: MGuirk Pauline M. , Mee Kathy J. , Ruming Kristian J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn critical urban studies, managed urban regeneration has been linked to trajectories of neo‐liberalising urban policy and urban entrepreneurialism. While the insights arising from this work have been many and valuable, significant gaps remain particularly in terms of the foci of analysis and the conception of politics. In this paper, we aim to address these gaps and to reposition the conceptualization of regeneration as a performed and emergent consequence of ‘relatedness’ and as subject to a range of relational effects and determinations. To do so we work through four capacities of assemblage thinking that are particularly productive for this task: (i) revealing the relational, multiple and processual nature of urban trajectories; (ii) revealing the multi‐scalar labouring involved in configuring the (socio‐material) assemblages that constitute regeneration; (iii) identifying openings for multiple possible trajectories of regeneration; (iv) providing critical insights into how regeneration trajectories are constrained. We conclude with reflections on what assemblage thinking offers in terms of critically and generatively rethinking urban regeneration.
Freezing and melting behaviors of H2O‐NaCl‐CaCl2 solutions in fused silica capillaries and glass‐sandwiched films: implications for fluid inclusion studies
Authors: Chu H. , Chi G. , Chou I‐M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFluid inclusions of the H2O‐NaCl‐CaCl2 system are notorious for their metastable behavior during cooling and heating processes, which can render microthermometric measurement impossible or difficult and interpretation of the results ambiguous. This study addresses these problems through detailed microscopic examination of synthetic solutions during cooling and warming runs, development of methods to enhance nucleation of hydrates, and comparison of microthermometric results with different degrees of metastability with values predicted for stable conditions. Synthetic H2O‐NaCl‐CaCl2 solutions with different NaCl/(NaCl + CaCl2) ratios were prepared and loaded in fused silica capillaries and glass‐sandwiched films for microthermometric studies; pure solutions were used with the capillaries to simulate fluid inclusions, whereas alumina powder was added in the solutions to facilitate ice and hydrate crystallization in the sandwiched samples. The phase changes observed and the microthermometric data obtained in this study have led to the following conclusions that have important implications for fluid inclusion studies: (i) most H2O‐NaCl‐CaCl2 inclusions that appear to be completely frozen in the first cooling run to −185°C actually contain large amounts of residual solution, as also reported in some previous studies; (ii) inability of H2O‐NaCl‐CaCl2 inclusions to freeze completely may be related to their composition (low NaCl/(NaCl + CaCl2) ratios) and lack of solid particles; (iii) crystallization of hydrates, which is important for cryogenic Raman spectroscopic studies of fluid inclusion composition, can be greatly enhanced by finding an optimum combination of cooling and warming rates and temperatures; and (iv) even if an inclusion is not completely frozen, the melting temperatures of hydrohalite and ice are still valid for estimating the fluid composition.
The Warehouse Wellington Zoofari: school visits to Wellington Zoo for conservation‐based learning programmes – an example of effective collaboration between zoos and business
Authors: Hughes A. , Allan L. 
Published: March 2016

Over the last 2 years, more than 3500 students have participated in The Warehouse Wellington Zoofari (Zoofari), a partnership between Wellington Zoo and The Warehouse, a retailer and iconic New Zealand brand. Zoofari enables children from schools from low socio‐economic areas, who may not otherwise be able to visit, to attend Wellington Zoo for conservation‐based learning sessions. During their visit, the children engage with and learn about the world around them, in order to inspire a long‐term love for nature. This programme has increased the number of Māori and Pasifika children experiencing learning sessions at the Zoo, making it possible to engage further with these underserved ethnic groups. The programme provides the opportunity to connect to the wider community around these students, both through in‐store fundraising in their local communities and with a high level of engagement from parents on the trips to the Zoo. Zoofari is a successful example of an effective collaboration and partnership between zoos and business. Wellington Zoo and The Warehouse are both passionate about making a difference, and Zoofari helps us to connect our local communities with conservation learning and the environment.
Effects of Short‐Chain Inulin on Quality of Chinese Steamed Bread
Authors: Liu Juan , Luo Denglin , Chen Ruihong , Xu Baocheng , Liu Jianxue 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEffects of short‐chain inulin on apparent characteristics, textural and aging properties of Chinese steamed bread (CSB) were investigated. Specific volume, ratio of height to diameter and sensory assessment scores increased initially with increasing inulin substitution and then started decreasing as inulin substitution increased further, and reached the highest value with 5.0% inulin substitution. CSB with inulin (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0% w/w) were all much whiter based on L*a*b* assessment. The substitution of inulin improved textural properties of fresh CSB but accelerated the aging rate. It was found that moisture migration was an important factor affecting the aging rate of CSB. It indicated that appropriate amount of short‐chain inulin could improve the quality of CSB. The results could provide a theoretical basis for the practical application of inulin to CSB.Practical ApplicationsInulin has a potential for developing a novel Chinese steamed bread (CSB) with better functionality and more nutritional benefit. The optimal substitution proportion is 5.0% with the consideration of improving the quality of CSB, such as the volume, color, and texture. The research provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of inulin to CSB and possesses a board market prospect.
“Who Are You Calling Exploitative?” Defensive Motherhood, Child Labor, and Urban Poverty in Lima, Peru
Authors: Campoamor Leigh 
Published: March 2016

ResumenEste artículo examina la relación imaginada entre la maternidad y el trabajo infantil. Sobre la base de un estudio con familias de niños que trabajan en las calles limeñas como malabaristas, vendedores de caramelos y limpiavidrios, sostengo que la campaña contra el trabajo infantil, incorporando la retórica neoliberal de derechos y desarrollo, y discursos históricos civilizadores, representa a las madres pobres y mestizas como las explotadoras principales de sus hijos. Frente a las intervenciones moralizantes y criminalizadoras del Estado en sus vidas cotidianas, madres e hijos practican lo que denomino “maternidad defensiva.” Al contrario de las presuposiciones de que el trabajo infantil es principalmente una manera de satisfacer necesidades económicas inmediatas y/o una tradición cultural retrógada que puede reformarse mediante la educación, demuestro que las madres, profundamente concientes de su mortalidad bajo un sistema estatal que no las cuida, enseñan a sus hijos el valor del trabajo como manera de invertir en su futuro. [clase, género, trabajo infantil, Perú, maternidad, urbano]
A META‐ANALYSIS OF FDI AND PRODUCTIVITY SPILLOVERS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Demena Binyam A. , van Bergeijk Peter A. G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis meta‐analysis reviews the intrasector heterogeneity of productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) in 31 developing countries through a larger more comprehensive data set. We investigate how the inconsistencies in the reported spillover findings are affected by publication bias, characteristics of the data, estimation techniques, and empirical specification, analyzing 1450 spillover estimates from 69 empirical studies published in 1986–2013. Our findings suggest that reported FDI spillover estimates are affected by publication bias. In combination with model misspecification of the primary studies, the bias overstates the genuine underlying meta‐effect, but the meta‐effect remains economically and statistically significant. Our results emphasize that spillovers and their sign largely depend systematically on specification characteristics of the primary studies and publication bias. Publication bias is not caused by “best practice” choices. Future research needs to cover more developing countries and to investigate not only whether spillovers occur, but also to explore inside the black box of how spillovers actually emerge.
Small effective population sizes of bee social parasites compared to their hosts raise important questions for evolutionary arms race
Authors: Shokri Bousjein N. , Gardner M. G. , Schwarz M. P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSocial parasitism in insects has raised major questions in evolutionary biology, firstly in terms of adaptations that parasites use to circumvent host defenses and, secondly, in terms of whether social parasites have arisen via allopatric or sympatric speciation. Here, we raise a third and major evolutionary issue: a priori considerations suggest that social parasites have much smaller effective population sizes (Ne) than their hosts, and should therefore have much slower rates of evolution than their hosts. The evolutionary arms race should therefore be weighted in favor of host species, raising the question of how social parasites have been able to persist over evolutionary time? Very few studies, however, have actually estimated the relative sizes of Ne for social insects and their social parasites, and therefore the dimensions of unequal host–parasite evolutionary rates are unknown. Here, we use extensive samples of allodapine bee host species and their inquilines from two localities over multiple years to gage their relative Nes. We show that inquiline species have Nes that are about an order of magnitude lower than their hosts, so explaining the evolutionary persistence of social parasitism poses a major puzzle for evolutionary biology. We propose several hypotheses that may be able to address this puzzle and discuss how they could be evaluated.
Greek nationhood and ‘Greek love’: sexualizing the nation and multiple readings of the glorious Greek past
Authors: Apostolidou Anna 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe paper addresses the ways in which the idea of homosexuality has been expelled from local dominant narrations about the Modern Greek nation and seeks to culturally frame this historical erasure. The ancient past and Ottoman rule are viewed as the two key moments of negotiating (and repeatedly placing in oblivion) any link between ‘Greekness’ and homoeroticism. Placing this institutional silence in juxtaposition to multiple Western readings of ‘Greek love’, the study provides ethnographic instances that reveal the appropriations of the Western gaze and moments of breaking the silence about Greek homosexuality. Selected individuals and cultural locales serve as terrains of negotiating the present‐day Greek state's façade as cosmopolitan, Western and post‐modern. On the one hand, Greece is perpetually re‐constituted as atopos, appropriate(d) for projections of varying versions of history‐telling from Western and local agents alike; on the other hand, homoeroticism is being negotiated through consecutive articulations of Greekness in past and present tense.
General anesthesia for dental care management of a patient with epidermolysis bullosa: 24‐month follow‐up
Authors: Mello Bianca Zeponi Fernandes , Neto Natalino Lourenço , Kobayashi Tatiana Yuriko , Mello Marina Barbosa Almeida , Ambrosio Eloá Cristina Passucci , Yaedú Renato Yassutaka Faria , Machado Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira , Oliveira Thais Marchini 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTEpidermolysis bullosa comprises a group of uncommon skin‐related diseases, characterized by the formation of blisters on mucocutaneous regions occurring spontaneously, following a trauma, exposure to heat, or as a result of minimal mechanical trauma. The dental treatment of the patient with epidermolysis bullosa raises many questions and discussions, due to the difficulty of carrying out the procedures. This report aimed to detail the clinical considerations of the treatment under general anesthesia of a patient with epidermolysis bullosa. The extraction of all deciduous teeth under general anesthesia was recommended based on the clinical and radiographic examinations. At 24‐month follow‐up, the patient had great improvement in oral hygiene without new caries lesions. The patient has been followed‐up at every month for caries lesion prevention and permanent tooth development. The treatment under general anesthesia provided the ideal safe conditions and was beneficial for the patient.
What We Can Intend: Recognition and Collective Intentionality
Authors: Arruda Caroline T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe concept of recognition has played a role in two debates. In political philosophy, it is part of a communitarian response to liberal theories of distributive justice. It describes what it means to respect others’ right to self‐determination. In ethics, Stephen Darwall argues that it comprises our judgment that we owe others moral consideration. I present a competing account of recognition on the grounds that most accounts answer the question of why others deserve recognition without answering the question of what is involved in recognizing them. This paper answers the latter. I argue that, in general, recognition is something that we do to others rather than something that we think about others. In particular, recognition is an intentional action to treat another individual as a legitimate, self‐determining agent. I then show that recognition's realizability requires that agents understand their intentions as dependent on others for their satisfaction. Thus, relations of recognition are instances of collective intentionality.
On the (In)Validity of Tests of Simple Mediation: Threats and Solutions
Authors: Pek Jolynn , Hoyle Rick H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMediation analysis is a popular framework for identifying underlying mechanisms in social psychology. In the context of simple mediation, we review and discuss the implications of three facets of mediation analysis: (a) conceptualization of the relations between the variables, (b) statistical approaches, and (c) relevant elements of design. We also highlight the issue of equivalent models that are inherent in simple mediation. The extent to which results are meaningful stem directly from choices regarding these three facets of mediation analysis. We conclude by discussing how mediation analysis can be better applied to examine causal processes, highlight the limits of simple mediation, and make recommendations for better practice.
Functional recovery of stored platelets after transfusion
Authors: Bikker Angela , Bouman Esther , Sebastian Silvie , Korporaal Suzanne J.A. , Urbanus Rolf T. , Fijnheer Rob , Boven Leonie A. , Roest Mark 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDPlatelet (PLT) concentrates are prophylactically given to prevent major bleeding complications. The corrected count increment (CCI) is currently the only tool to monitor PLT transfusion efficacy. PLT function tests cannot be performed in patients with thrombocytopenia. Therefore, an optimized agonist‐induced assay was used to determine PLT function, in patients with severe thrombocytopenia before and after transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPLT reactivity toward adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thrombin receptor–activating peptide SFLLRN (TRAP), and convulxin (CVX) was assessed by flow cytometry. P‐selectin expression was measured on PLTs from 11 patients with thrombocytopenia before and 1 hour after transfusion, on stored PLTs, and on stored PLTs incubated for 1 hour in whole blood from patients ex vivo.RESULTSThe mean (±SEM) CCI after 1 hour was 11.4 (±1.5). After transfusion, maximal agonist‐induced PLT P‐selectin expression was on average 29% higher for ADP (p = 0.02), 25% higher for TRAP (p = 0.007), and 24% higher for CVX (p = 0.0008). ADP‐induced reactivity of stored PLTs increased with 46% after ex vivo incubation (p = 0.007). These PLTs also showed an overall higher P‐selectin expression compared to PLTs 1 hour after transfusion (p = 0.005). After normalization for this background expression, a similar responsiveness was observed.CONCLUSIONSOur study shows recovery of PLT function after transfusion in patients with thrombocytopenia. The majority of functional PLTs measured after transfusion most likely represents stored transfused PLTs that regained functionality in vivo. The difference in baseline P‐selectin expression in vivo versus ex vivo suggests a rapid clearance from circulation of PLTs with increased P‐selectin expression.
Use of an ophthalmic formulation of megestrol acetate for the treatment of eosinophilic keratitis in cats
Authors: Stiles Jean , Coster Martin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate a compounded ophthalmic formulation of 0.5% megestrol acetate to treat eosinophilic keratitis in cats.Study designProspective study.Animals studiedSeventeen client owned cats with eosinophilic keratitis in one or both eyes.MethodsEosinophilic keratitis was confirmed by cytology. At each visit, fluorescein staining and photography were performed. Cats were initially treated q 8–12 h with 0.5% megestrol acetate in an aqueous base. Serum glucose was measured at the first or second reexamination.ResultsFifteen of 17 (88%) cats had a positive response to treatment, with 6 of 17 (35%) having complete resolution at the first reexamination (2–4 weeks). Two of 17 (12%) cats did not respond to treatment. Most cats required a treatment frequency of once daily to once weekly to maintain remission of disease. No ocular irritation or systemic side effects were noted in any cat.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe use of an ophthalmic formulation of 0.5% megestrol acetate is a viable option for treating feline eosinophilic keratitis.
Highlights of the 8th International Conference on Vaccines for Enteric Diseases: the Scottish Encounter To Defeat Diarrheal Diseases
Authors: Tennant Sharon M. , Steele A. Duncan , Pasetti Marcela F. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Infectious diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and of mortality; the burden of disease affects individuals of all ages but particularly young children, especially those living in poor regions where the disease is endemic. It is also a health concern for international travelers to these areas. Experts on vaccines and enteric infections and advocates for global health improvement gathered in Scotland from 8 to 10 July 2015 to discuss recent advances in the assessment and understanding of the burden of enteric diseases and progress in the development and implementation of strategies to prevent these infections. Highlights of the meeting included description of advances in molecular assays to estimate pathogen-specific prevalence, methods to model epidemiologic trends, novel approaches to generate broad-spectrum vaccines, new initiatives to evaluate vaccine performance where they are most needed, renewed interest in human challenge models, immunological readouts as predictors of vaccine efficacy, maternal immunization to prevent enteric infections, and the impact of maternal immunity on the vaccine take of infants. A follow-up scientific gathering to advance
Shigella
and enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC) vaccine efforts will be held from 28 to 30 June 2016 in Washington, DC.