bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In gratitude for grace: praise, worship and the sanctified life
Authors: Greggs Tom 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article seeks to offer a theological account of gratitude from a Protestant perspective by arguing that the Christian life is one marked by a covenant of grace and gratitude in which the creature's response of gratitude to divine grace is a participating in that grace, and, as such, is a full recognition of the ways of grace which flow from the divine life to creation. The first section of this article examines this theme in relation to creation from nothing. The second establishes God's electing will as the foundation of God's willing to be for another in creation. The third section examines justification by grace as the soteriological form of God's gracious turning towards the creature in divine mercy. The fourth section sketches the forms of gratitude that one might find in the Christian life as these are brought together in the sacraments of baptism and the eucharist.
Conflict management in western Europe: the case of the Portuguese merchants in England, Flanders and Normandy, 1250–1500
Authors: MIRANDA FLÁVIO 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTRecent historiography argues that the legal autonomy of municipal governments created the necessary conditions for successful commercial transactions and economic growth in certain parts of Europe in the later Middle Ages, and that these features attracted foreign merchants. This article uses empirical data from England, Flanders and Normandy to test the following questions: were there significant differences in rules, laws and institutions between one place and another in late medieval western Europe? Were the Portuguese merchants drawn to markets that hypothetically had more effective institutions? The findings demonstrate that legal institutions and conflict management were very similar across western Europe, and that there is no evidence that the Portuguese opted for trading in a certain market because of its effective institutions. Moreover, the article claims that the merchants seemed to prioritise protection and privilege while trading abroad, and it highlights the role of commercial diplomacy in conflict management.
Association of cognitive function and liability to addiction with childhood herpesvirus infections: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Vanyukov Michael M. , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L. , Kirisci Levent , Kirillova Galina P. , Reynolds Maureen D. , Prasad Konasale , Tarter Ralph E. , Yolken Robert H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLiability to substance use disorder (SUD) is largely nonspecific to particular drugs and is related to behavior dysregulation, including reduced cognitive control. Recent data suggest that cognitive mechanisms may be influenced by exposure to neurotropic infections, such as human herpesviruses. In this study, serological evidence of exposure to human herpesvirus Herpes simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) as well as Toxoplasma gondii was determined in childhood (age ~11 years) in 395 sons and 174 daughters of fathers with or without SUD. Its relationships with a cognitive characteristic (IQ) in childhood and with risk for SUD in adulthood were examined using correlation, regression, survival, and path analyses. Exposure to HSV-1, EBV, and T. gondii in males and females, and CMV in males, was associated with lower IQ. Independent of that relationship, EBV in females and possibly in males, and CMV and possibly HSV-1 in females were associated with elevated risk for SUD. Therefore, childhood neurotropic infections may influence cognitive development and risk for behavior disorders such as SUD. The results may point to new avenues for alleviating cognitive impairment and SUD risk.
Environmental standards, trade and innovation: evidence from a natural experiment
Authors: Chakraborty Pavel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractExploiting a natural experiment involving the imposition of a technical regulation by Germany on Indian leather and textile industries in 1994, a firm-level data set is used to study the trade, adaptation and discontinuity effects and how they vary by firm size. It is found that: (a) regulation significantly increases the export revenues of a firm through use of new technology and high-quality imported raw materials – indicating a possible signalling effect; (b) this gain is concentrated only on the upper half of the firm size distribution, i.e., in the 3rd and 4th quartiles; (c) use of imported raw materials significantly explains low exit probabilities of a firm; and (d) there is evidence of a sorting effect – regulation significantly affecting the operation of small firms.
Thermogenic adipocytes promote HDL turnover and reverse cholesterol transport
Authors: Bartelt Alexander , John Clara , Schaltenberg Nicola , Berbée Jimmy F. P. , Worthmann Anna , Cherradi M. Lisa , Schlein Christian , Piepenburg Julia , Boon Mariëtte R. , Rinninger Franz , Heine Markus , Toedter Klaus , Niemeier Andreas , Nilsson Stefan K. , Fischer Markus , Wijers Sander L. , van Marken Lichtenbelt Wouter , Scheja Ludger , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Heeren Joerg 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBrown and beige adipocytes combust nutrients for thermogenesis and through their metabolic activity decrease pro-atherogenic remnant lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic mice. However, whether the activation of thermogenic adipocytes affects the metabolism and anti-atherogenic properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is unknown. Here, we report a reduction in atherosclerosis in response to pharmacological stimulation of thermogenesis linked to increased HDL levels in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. Both cold-induced and pharmacological thermogenic activation enhances HDL remodelling, which is associated with specific lipidomic changes in mouse and human HDL. Furthermore, thermogenic stimulation promotes HDL-cholesterol clearance and increases macrophage-to-faeces reverse cholesterol transport in mice. Mechanistically, we show that intravascular lipolysis by adipocyte lipoprotein lipase and hepatic uptake of HDL by scavenger receptor B-I are the driving forces of HDL-cholesterol disposal in liver. Our findings corroborate the notion that high metabolic activity of thermogenic adipocytes confers atheroprotective properties via increased systemic cholesterol flux through the HDL compartment.
Impact of hormone receptor status and distant recurrence-free interval on survival benefits from trastuzumab in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Yang Hai-Yuan , Ma Ding , Liu Yi-Rong , Hu Xin , Zhang Jian , Wang Zhong-Hua , Di Gen-Hong , Hu Xi-Chun , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe sought to investigate the impact of hormone receptor (HR) status and distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) on the degree of overall survival (OS) benefit from palliative trastuzumab-containing treatment in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Here, we retrospectively identified 588 eligible HER2-positive patients with postoperative distant recurrence. DRFI of HR+HER2+ MBC patients (median: 30.7 months, IQR: 18.5–45.9, P < 0.001) was significant longer compared with HR−HER2+ patients. Patients were categorized into four subgroups based on HR status and palliative trastuzumab (trast+) received. The most superior outcome was observed in the HR+HER2+trast+ subgroup, with a median OS of 48.3 months. Moreover, DRFI > 24 months is an independent favourable prognostic factor for both HR−HER2+ patients (Hazard Ratio (HzR) = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39–0.76, P < 0.001) and HR+HER2+ patients (HzR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.32–0.64, P < 0.001). Upon further analysis of the interaction between trastuzumab and DRFI, the degree of trastuzumab benefits in HR−HER2+ MBC patients remained basically unchanged regardless of DRFI length. Unlikely, the degree in HR+HER2+ MBC patients decreased gradually along with DRFI extending, indicating that trastuzumab failed to translate into an OS benefit for late recurrent (DRFI > 5years) HR+HER2+ MBC patients.
Lsh/HELLS regulates self-renewal/proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Han Yixing , Ren Jianke , Lee Eunice , Xu Xiaoping , Yu Weishi , Muegge Kathrin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms are known to exert control over gene expression and determine cell fate. Genetic mutations in epigenetic regulators are responsible for several neurologic disorders. Mutations of the chromatin remodeling protein Lsh/HELLS can cause the human Immunodeficiency, Centromere instability and Facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome, which is associated with neurologic deficiencies. We report here a critical role for Lsh in murine neural development. Lsh depleted neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) display reduced growth, increases in apoptosis and impaired ability of self-renewal. RNA-seq analysis demonstrates differential gene expression in Lsh−/− NSPCs and suggests multiple aberrant pathways. Concentrating on specific genomic targets, we show that ablation of Lsh alters epigenetic states at specific enhancer regions of the key cell cycle regulator Cdkn1a and the stem cell regulator Bmp4 in NSPCs and alters their expression. These results suggest that Lsh exerts epigenetic regulation at key regulators of neural stem cell fate ensuring adequate NSPCs self-renewal and maintenance during development.
Dynamics of chromatin accessibility during TGF-β-induced EMT of Ras-transformed mammary gland epithelial cells
Authors: Arase Mayu , Tamura Yusuke , Kawasaki Natsumi , Isogaya Kazunobu , Nakaki Ryo , Mizutani Anna , Tsutsumi Shuichi , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Miyazono Kohei , Koinuma Daizo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and facilitates tumor progression. We here performed global mapping of accessible chromatin in the mouse mammary gland epithelial EpH4 cell line and its Ras-transformed derivative (EpRas) using formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory element (FAIRE)-sequencing. TGF-β and Ras altered chromatin accessibility either cooperatively or independently, and AP1, ETS, and RUNX binding motifs were enriched in the accessible chromatin regions of EpH4 and EpRas cells. Etv4, an ETS family oncogenic transcription factor, was strongly expressed and bound to more than one-third of the accessible chromatin regions in EpRas cells treated with TGF-β. While knockdown of Etv4 and another ETS family member Etv5 showed limited effects on the decrease in the E-cadherin abundance and stress fiber formation by TGF-β, gene ontology analysis showed that genes encoding extracellular proteins were most strongly down-regulated by Etv4 and Etv5 siRNAs. Accordingly, TGF-β-induced expression of Mmp13 and cell invasiveness were suppressed by Etv4 and Etv5 siRNAs, which were accompanied by the reduced chromatin accessibility at an enhancer region of Mmp13 gene. These findings suggest a mechanism of transcriptional regulation during Ras- and TGF-β-induced EMT that involves alterations of accessible chromatin, which are partly regulated by Etv4 and Etv5.
Double-stranded DNA induces a prothrombotic phenotype in the vascular endothelium
Authors: Gaitzsch Erik , Czermak Thomas , Ribeiro Andrea , Heun Yvonn , Bohmer Monica , Merkle Monika , Mannell Hanna , Schulz Christian , Wörnle Markus , Pircher Joachim 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDouble-stranded DNA (dsDNA) constitutes a potent activator of innate immunity, given its ability to bind intracellular pattern recognition receptors during viral infections or sterile tissue damage. While effects of dsDNA in immune cells have been extensively studied, dsDNA signalling and its pathophysiological implications in non-immune cells, such as the vascular endothelium, remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize prothrombotic effects of dsDNA in vascular endothelial cells. Transfection of cultured human endothelial cells with the synthetic dsDNA poly(dA:dT) induced upregulation of the prothrombotic molecules tissue factor and PAI-1, resulting in accelerated blood clotting in vitro, which was partly dependent on RIG-I signalling. Prothrombotic effects were also observed upon transfection of endothelial cells with hepatitis B virus DNA-containing immunoprecipitates as well human genomic DNA. In addition, dsDNA led to surface expression of von Willebrand factor resulting in increased platelet-endothelium-interactions under flow. Eventually, intrascrotal injection of dsDNA resulted in accelerated thrombus formation upon light/dye-induced endothelial injury in mouse cremaster arterioles and venules in vivo. In conclusion, we show that viral or endogenous dsDNA induces a prothrombotic phenotype in the vascular endothelium. These findings represent a novel link between pathogen- and danger-associated patterns within innate immunity and thrombosis.
Direct Formation of Structural Components Using a Martian Soil Simulant
Authors: Chow Brian J. , Chen Tzehan , Zhong Ying , Qiao Yu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMartian habitats are ideally constructed using only locally available soils; extant attempts to process structural materials on Mars, however, generally require additives or calcination. In this work we demonstrate that Martian soil simulant Mars-1a can be directly compressed at ambient into a strong solid without additives, highlighting a possible aspect of complete Martian in-situ resource utilization. Flexural strength of the compact is not only determined by the compaction pressure but also significantly influenced by the lateral boundary condition of processing loading. The compression loading can be applied either quasi-statically or through impact. Nanoparticulate iron oxide (npOx), commonly detected in Martian regolith, is identified as the bonding agent. Gas permeability of compacted samples was measured to be on the order of 10−16 m2, close to that of solid rocks. The compaction procedure is adaptive to additive manufacturing.
Hybrid Energy Storage of Ni(OH)2-coated N-doped Graphene Aerogel//N-doped Graphene Aerogel for the Replacement of NiCd and NiMH Batteries
Authors: Sirisinudomkit Pichamon , Iamprasertkun Pawin , Krittayavathananon Atiweena , Pettong Tanut , Dittanet Peerapan , Sawangphruk Montree 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlthough Nickel–Cadmium (NiCd) and Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) batteries have been widely used, their drawbacks including toxic Cd and expensive La alloy at the negative electrodes, low energy density (40–60 Wh/kg for NiCd and 140–300 Wh/L for NiMH), low power density (150 W/kg for NiCd and 1000 W/kg for NiMH), and low working potential (1.2 V) limit their applications. In this work, Cd and La alloy were replaced with N-doped reduced graphene oxide aerogel (N-rGOae) providing a hybrid energy storage (HES) having the battery and supercapacitor effects. The HES of Ni(OH)2-coated N-rGOae//N-rGOae provides 1.5 V, a specific energy of 146 Wh/kg, a maximum specific power of 7705 W/kg, and high capacity retention over 84.6% after 5000 cycles. The mass change at the positive electrode during charging/discharging is 8.5 µg cm−2 owing to the insertion/desertion of solvated OH− into the α-Ni(OH)2-coated N-rGOae. At the negative electrode, the mass change of the solvated K+, physically adsorbed/desorbed to the N-rGOae, is 7.5 μg cm−2. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) shows highly reversible redox reaction of α-Ni(OH)2. The as-fabricated device without using toxic Cd and expensive La alloy has a potential as a candidate of NiCd and NiMH.
Soret and Dufour effects on unsteady mixed convection slip flow of Casson fluid over a nonlinearly stretching sheet with convective boundary condition
Authors: Ullah Imran , Khan Ilyas , Shafie Sharidan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUnsteady mixed convection flow of Casson fluid towards a nonlinearly stretching sheet with the slip and convective boundary conditions is analyzed in this work. The effects of Soret Dufour, viscous dissipation and heat generation/absorption are also investigated. After using some suitable transformations, the unsteady nonlinear problem is solved by using Keller-box method. Numerical solutions for wall shear stress and high temperature transfer rate are calculated and compared with previously published work, an excellent arrangement is followed. It is noticed that fluid velocity reduces for both local unsteadiness and Casson parameters. It is likewise noticed that the influence of a Dufour number of dimensionless temperature is more prominent as compared to species concentration. Furthermore, the temperature was found to be increased in the case of nonlinear thermal radiation.
Pentamethylquercetin induces adipose browning and exerts beneficial effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-fed mice
Authors: Han Yi , Wu Jian-Zhao , Shen Ji-zhong , Chen Lei , He Ting , Jin Man-wen , Liu Hui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBrowning white adipocytes may be a new target in anti-obesity therapy. Pentamethylquercetin (PMQ) has been shown to have anti-obesity effects in monosodium glutamate-induced obese mice. Here, we aimed to study the anti-obesity effects of PMQ in vitro and in vivo and to determine if adipose browning is involved in the mechanism underlying the anti-obesity effects of PMQ. We evaluated the effects of PMQ on cell proliferation, cell differentiation, glucose consumption, cellular lipid metabolism, and related brown gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We also investigated the effects of PMQ in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Our results demonstrated that PMQ increased the consumption of glucose, inhibited the accumulation of cellular triglycerides (TGs), and induced the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes, such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), during the early stage of differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In HFD mice, PMQ treatment reduced waist circumference, LEE index, white adipose tissue (WAT) weight and white adipocyte size and increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) weight. Moreover, PMQ treatment induced mitochondrial biogenesis and upregulated UCP-1 expression in WAT. These findings suggest that PMQ may induce browning of adipose tissue, a phenomenon that is at least partly related to its anti-obesity effects.
Non-volatile logic gates based on planar Hall effect in magnetic films with two in-plane easy axes
Authors: Lee Sangyeop , Bac Seul-Ki , Choi Seonghoon , Lee Hakjoon , Yoo Taehee , Lee Sanghoon , Liu Xinyu , Dobrowolska M. , Furdyna Jacek K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe discuss the use of planar Hall effect (PHE) in a ferromagnetic GaMnAs film with two in-plane easy axes as a means for achieving novel logic functionalities. We show that the switching of magnetization between the easy axes in a GaMnAs film depends strongly on the magnitude of the current flowing through the film due to thermal effects that modify its magnetic anisotropy. Planar Hall resistance in a GaMnAs film with two in-plane easy axes shows well-defined maxima and minima that can serve as two binary logic states. By choosing appropriate magnitudes of the input current for the GaMnAs Hall device, magnetic logic functions can then be achieved. Specifically, non-volatile logic functionalities such as AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates can be obtained in such a device by selecting appropriate initial conditions. These results, involving a simple PHE device, hold promise for realizing programmable logic elements in magnetic electronics.
Pressure-induced structural change in liquid GaIn eutectic alloy
Authors: Yu Q. , Ahmad A. S. , Ståhl K. , Wang X. D. , Su Y. , Glazyrin K. , Liermann H. P. , Franz H. , Cao Q. P. , Zhang D. X. , Jiang J. Z. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSynchrotron x-ray diffraction reveals a pressure induced crystallization at about 3.4 GPa and a polymorphic transition near 10.3 GPa when compressed a liquid GaIn eutectic alloy up to ~13 GPa at room temperature in a diamond anvil cell. Upon decompression, the high pressure crystalline phase remains almost unchanged until it transforms to the liquid state at around 2.3 GPa. The ab initio molecular dynamics calculations can reproduce the low pressure crystallization and give some hints on the understanding of the transition between the liquid and the crystalline phase on the atomic level. The calculated pair correlation function g(r) shows a non-uniform contraction reflected by the different compressibility between the short (1st shell) and the intermediate (2nd to 4th shells). It is concluded that the pressure-induced liquid-crystalline phase transformation likely arises from the changes in local atomic packing of the nearest neighbors as well as electronic structures at the transition pressure.
The biomarker and causal roles of homoarginine in the development of cardiometabolic diseases: an observational and Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Seppälä Ilkka , Oksala Niku , Jula Antti , Kangas Antti J. , Soininen Pasi , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , März Winfried , Meinitzer Andreas , Juonala Markus , Kähönen Mika , Raitakari Olli T. , Lehtimäki Terho 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHigh L-homoarginine (hArg) levels are directly associated with several risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases whereas low levels predict increased mortality in prospective studies. The biomarker role of hArg in young adults remains unknown. To study the predictive value of hArg in the development of cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases, we utilized data on high-pressure liquid chromatography-measured hArg, cardiovascular risk factors, ultrasound markers of preclinical atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes from the population-based Young Finns Study involving 2,106 young adults (54.6% females, aged 24–39). We used a Mendelian randomization approach involving tens to hundreds of thousands of individuals to test causal associations. In our 10-year follow-up analysis, hArg served as an independent predictor for future hyperglycaemia (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.06–1.63) and abdominal obesity (OR 1.60, 95% 1.14–2.30) in men and type 2 diabetes in women (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.02–2.41). The MR analysis revealed no evidence of causal associations between serum hArg and any of the studied cardiometabolic outcomes. In conclusion, lifetime exposure to higher levels of circulating hArg does not seem to alter cardiometabolic disease risk. Whether hArg could be used as a biomarker for identification of individuals at risk developing cardiometabolic abnormalities merits further investigation.
Design principles governing chemomechanical coupling of kinesin
Authors: Sumi Tomonari 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA systematic chemomechanical network model for the molecular motor kinesin is presented in this report. The network model is based on the nucleotide-dependent binding affinity of the heads to an microtubule (MT) and the asymmetries and similarities between the chemical transitions caused by the intramolecular strain between the front and rear heads. The network model allows for multiple chemomechanical cycles and takes into account all possible mechanical transitions between states in which one head is strongly bound and the other head is weakly bound to an MT. The results obtained from the model show the ATP-concentration dependence of the dominant forward stepping cycle and support a gated rear head mechanism in which the forward step is controlled by ATP hydrolysis and the resulting ADP-bound state of the rear head when the ATP level is saturated. When the ATP level is saturated, the energy from ATP hydrolysis is used to concentrate the chemical transition flux to a force-generating state that can produce the power stroke. In contrast, when the ATP level is low, the hydrolysis energy is consumed to avoid states in which the leading head is weakly bound to an MT and to inhibit frequent backward steps upon loading.