bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Mechanical Control and Alternative Insecticides for Managing Squash Vine Borer on Summer Squash, 1996
Authors: Boucher J. , Nixon G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Multipik’ summer squash were direct seeded 28 Jun, in Storrs, Connecticut. Weed control consisted of the stale-seedbed technique, using paraquat as a preplant application, supplemented by hand and mechanical cultivation. Plots consisted of 12 plants in a single 24-ft long row, with 2-ft spacing between plants and 4 ft between rows. Four treatments were replicated four times in a RCBD. Two treatments involved application of Neemix or Ambush at weekly intervals on 12, 19, and 26 Jul and 2 Aug. The third treatment involved washing the entire plant stem above the soil surface with an ordinary face-cloth and a 0.5% solution of dish detergent (Sunlight, Lever Brother’s Co., NY, NY) on the above dates. The fourth was the unsprayed check. Insecticide applications were directed at the foliage and stems by spraying plots from the top and sides with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 50 psi with 40 gallons of water per acre. Fruit from five plants per plot were harvested, counted and weighed on 9, 12, 16 and 19 Aug. Five plants from each plot were dissected on 19 Aug and SVB larvae were counted. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (larval infestations) or GLM (yields) and Fisher’s LSD.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Transplant Drench Treatments of Admire to Bedding Trays of Tomatoes, 1996
Authors: Dively Galen P. , Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Baumann Donna , Cain Carol , Boltz Melanie 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental design was a RCB design with four replications and 8 treatments. Drenching doses were 0 (two controls per block), 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 ounces of Admire 2F per acre equivalence of bedding trays. The diluted drench was applied to individual cells of bedding trays using a pipetted volume of one ml per plant. In addition, a drench treatment of 16 fluid oz of Admire was applied in the transplant water. Plot size for each treatment combination was one row 20 feet long (20 tomato plants) with rows spaced 64 inches apart. Plots were planted 14 May. After transplanting, weekly counts were made of egg clusters, early larvae (first/second instars), late larvae (third/fourth instars), live adults, and dead adults on the ground. Percent defoliation was recorded per plant at two times. Plots were harvested and graded on 8 Aug.
Evaluation of Acaricides for Control of Spider Mites on Watermelons, 1996
Authors: Fouche Calvin , Valencia Jesus , Mullen Robert , Viss Ted 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Five treatments were evaluated in a commercial field near French Camp, CA, to determine their efficacy in controlling spider mites. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Sprays were applied with a backpack mist blower on 28 Jun and 11 Jul in 80 gpa. Infestations were monitored by removing 10 leaves per plot and counting the number of aphids and mites. For the mites, leaves were passed through a mite-brushing machine and then counting mites under a binocular dis-secting scope at 15X.
Corn Rootworm Insecticide Screening, 1996
Authors: Jarvi Keith , Echtenkamp Jerry , Witkowski John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The test plots were planted on 6 May. 7-inch banded (TB) and in-furrow (IF) treatments were applied at regular labeled and reduced (R) rates. Most treatments were applied with a cone-belt distributor mounted on a John Deere Maxe-merge equipped with incorporation tines. Regent 80 WP was applied in the seed furrow in front of the press wheel with a backpack sprayer equipped with a hand held nozzle calibrated to deliver 1.0 gpa finished spray. Smartbox (SB) planting time treatments were applied separately with the Smartbox mounted on the tractor. Cultivation treatments (C) were applied over the row on 11 Jun with the cone-belt distributor mounted on a hand-powered bicycle wheel applicator. The entire plot was cultivated immediately after application of the 11 Jun treatments by a tractor mounted cultivator. The seeding rate was 20,300 seeds/acre on 30 inch rows. Soil type was silt loam (OM &gt; 3%, pH 6.5). Previous crop was late planted corn planted as a trap crop. The field was disked twice prior to planting. Approximately 20% corn stalk residue was remaining after field preparation. The experimental design was a RCB with four replications, each treatment being a single, 45 ft long row. Five randomly selected roots from each replication were rated on the Iowa State 1-6 scale (1, no damage; 6, 3 or more nodes pruned to within VA inch of the stalk). The roots were dug and rated on 23 and 25 Jul. Topsoil and subsoil moisture was at field capacity at planting time.
Evaluation of Alert 2 Sc Against Corn Thrips, 1996
Authors: Mau R. F. L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Oyama R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Com thrips is an important pest of the com seed industry in Hawaii. If the insect is not controlled, the pest causes direct feeding injury that results in plant stunting or death of young com plants. At these injury levels, economic reductions in seed yield of 70 to 100% have occurred.
Field Corn, Wireworm Larval Control, 1996
Authors: Oleson J. D. , McNutt J. J. , Tollefson J. J. , Wang X. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Planting-time soil insecticides and seed-treatments were evaluated for wireworm control in a silty clay loam field near Garner, I A. The field was replanted due to severe wireworm damage. Remaining corn seedlings in the field’s wire-worm “hot spot” area were disked out and the test plot was planted on 10 Jun in a RCBD design with four replications. Treatments were applied to single, 50-ft length rows with 30-inch row spacing. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units that had been laboratory-calibrated to accurately deliver material at a speed of 4 mph. The applicators were mounted on a 4-row John Deere Max-Emerge 7100 integral planter. Liquid formulations were applied with a compressed-air delivery system built directly into the planter. Regent 80WG treatments were applied at 1.0 gpa using a #15 disk orifice placed in-line and 16psi. A steady stream of dilution was delivered in-furrow through a tube placed between the seed-furrow, disk-openers. Planter-mounted drag chains were used for incorporation. Seed treatments were assigned to extra, individual seed hoppers. On 1 Jun, stand counts were taken from 1/1000 acre per treatment. Seeds/seedlings were then carefully extracted from two, 1-m sections of each treatment row, inspected for wire-worm feeding damage, and rated on the following 1 to 4 damage scale: 1 = seed/seedling undamaged; 2 = seed/seedling damaged by plant established; 3 = seed/seedling damaged, plant showing some signs of stress; 4 = seed/seedling damaged, no plant or questionable establishment. Insecticide efficacy was analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated with Ryan’s Q test (REGWQ).
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Cotton Aphids on Bt Cotton, 1996
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides against cotton aphids in non-irrigated Bt cotton planted 1 May. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. No insecticides had been previously applied to the test areas. Treatments were applied to Test 1 on 19 Jun, Test 2 on 24 Jun and Test 3 on 25 Jun, respectively. In Test 1, insecticides were applied with a tractor-mounted boom and compressed air system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet 80015 flat fan nozzles (2/row) at 34 psi. In Tests 2 and 3 insecticides were applied with a hand-boom and compressed air system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet 80015 flat fan nozzles (2/row) at 24 psi. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by sampling ten plant terminals (all apical shoot growth above and including the first fully expanded leaf) from each plot. Treatments were evaluated in Test 1 on 21 (2 DAT) and 26 Jun (7 DAT), Test 2 on 27 Jun (3 DAT) and 1 Jul (7 DAT), and Test 3 on 28 Jun (3 DAT) and 2 Jul (7 DAT). Cotton aphids were washed from the plant foliage onto 300 mesh wire sieves, backwashed onto ruled filter paper (7 cm), and counted using a binocular dissecting scope. These plots received 0.30, 0.87, 0.03 and 0.08 inch rainfall on 19, 20, 22, and 24 Jun, respectively. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Aphid Control (Trial 1), 1996
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Howell Michael S. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of insecticides for control of cotton aphids in Mississippi. Plots were 4 rows wide and 50 ft long with four untreated rows or a 10 ft planted buffer between plots. Plants in each plot were sampled on a three to four day interval early in the growing season for cotton aphids by selecting ten random plants in each plot. One leaf from the terminal and one leaf four nodes below the terminal (mid level) were sampled on each plant. The total number of aphids on the top leaves and mid leaves was recorded. Treatment was initiated when population levels were rapidly increasing. Insecticide applications were applied on 23 Jun and 10 Jul with a high clearance spray tractor equipped with two TX4 hollow cone nozzles per row traveling 4 mph and delivering 5 gpa. Plots within a replicate were sprayed sequentially to maintain true replicate integrity. Yield was estimated by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot.
Spider Mite Control on Cotton, 1996
Authors: Studebaker Glenn 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of selected miticides against TSM was evaluated. Test plots consisted of four 48-inch rows 40 ft. long. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 12 Jul with a hand-held boom calibrated to deliver 15.8 gpa through two TX-6 hollow-cone nozzles per row at 60 psi. Treatments were evaluated at 3, 6, 14 and 28 DAT by counting the number of TSM on 10 leaves per plot.
Apple, Preliminary Insecticide Testing, 1996
Authors: Reissig H. , Dunham D. H. , Smith C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Dilute sprays were applied with a hand sprayer (450 psi) at tight cluster (7 May), pink (13 May), petal fall (30 May), and as cover sprays on 11 Jun, 26 Jun, 8 Jul, 23 Jul, 7 Aug, and 19 Aug. Treatments of the standard compound, Guthion, were applied at petal fall and during the lst-6th cover (1C-6C) sprays. Treatments of CM-002X and CM-007 were applied at pink, petal fall, and during the lst-6th cover sprays. CGA-59205 was applied at petal fall and 21 days later (20 Jun). Several different schedules of Knack 0.86 EC and Knack 40 WP, (10 g AI/100 gal) in a control program were compared with either Confirm 70WP or Guthion 3F. Treatments were replicated 3 times on single tree plots (2 ‘McIntosh’ trees and 1 ‘Cortland’) and arranged in a RCB design.
Effects of Insecticides on Thrips Populations, Peanut Injury, Growth and Yield, 1995
Authors: Mulder P.G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated for tobacco thrips control and for effects on growth and yield of Okrun runner type peanut in Ft. Cobb, Oklahoma. Peanuts were planted on 36-inch rows on 13 Jun. Granular insecticides were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at planting with a tractor-mounted John Deere granular applicator. The hopperbox Orthene treatment was planted last, to avoid planter box contamination. Preweighed amounts of Orthene 75S were added evenly over the seed, alternating one-third seed then one-third chemical until the boxes were filled. Post-emergence foliar treatments were applied using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 30 psi through one 8004E flat fan nozzle per row. Post-emergence spray treatments were applied 15 days after planting (28 Jun). A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows wide by 40 ft long. Treatments were evaluated by comparing: plant stand counts per l/1000th of an acre and injury ratings based on a 0 to 6 scale where 0 = no thrips injured leaves and 6 = 100 percent injured leaves. In addition, thrips control was evaluated by collecting 5 unopened quadrifoliate leaves per plot on 20 Jun, 3 Jul, 7 Jul, 17 Jul and 27 Jul. Only the initial three samplings are reported. Unopened leaves were placed in vials of alcohol and returned to the laboratory where adult and larval thrips were separated and counted under a dissecting microscope. Yields were based on digging, combining, drying and weighing peanuts from 2 rows of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Insecticide Evaluation, 1996
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in 3 miniblocks, each 1/3 acre, of 18-yr-old trees on MM 111 rootstock. Trees measured 15 ft. in height and 14 ft. in width and were planted at a spacing of 20 x 20 ft. The experimental design consisted of 6 single-tree replications per treatment, with 2 replications per mini-block in a randomized block design. Each replicate was surrounded by 1 unsprayed tree on each side. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the trees with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa. Dates of application were 25 Apr [pink (P)], 13 May [petal fall (PF)], 30 May [first cover (1C)], 13 Jun [second cover (2C)], 26 Jun [third cover (3C)], 11 Jul [fourth cover (4C)], 25 Jul [fifth cover (5C)], 7 Aug [sixth cover (6C)], 21 Aug [seventh cover (7C)], and 5 Sep [eighth cover (8C)]. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Agri-Mycin, COCS, Dithane, Nova, Penncozeb, Rubigan, and Ziram. Treatment effect was determined by counting insects on the periphery of test trees periodically during the season. RAA control was determined by counting colonies per tree. Control of SA was evaluated by counting aphids on the most infested leaf on each of 10 terminals per tree. Effect of treatments against ERM was determined by sampling 20 leaves/tree (5 replications), removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. Control of STLM was determined by counting all tissue-feeding mines during a 5 minute period per tree.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Redlegged Grasshopper on Mature Soybean Adjacent to Mustard Greens, 1995
Authors: McLeod Paul 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Mature soybeans were sprayed with different insecticides to prevent the redlegged grasshoppers from moving into adjacent mustard greens. The study was located in a commercial soybean field in Webbers Falls, OK. Soybean pods were mature and plants were bare of foliage at treatment application. Insecticides were applied with a bicycle sprayer equipped with 10 Tee Jet 80015 nozzles calibrated to deliver 8.8 gpa at 2.7 mph. Treatments were applied 19 Oct in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plot size was 16 ft X 75 ft and 2 untreated rows separated plots. Adult redlegged grasshoppers were counted just prior to treatment and at 2 and 6 DAT. On each observation date one count of flying grasshoppers was made by each of 2 observers while walking through each plot.
Effects of Insecticides on Non-Target Insects in Sugarcane, 1996
Authors: Woolwine A.E. , Rodriguez L. M. , Ostheimer E. A. , Reagan T.E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The impact of 5 different insecticide treatments (generally used to control SCB) against non-target insects was evaluated in a RCB design with 4 replications except Baythroid which had 3 replications. Treatments were randomly assigned to sugarcane field plots (ca. 1.03 to 2.12 acres each). Plots were treated on 15 Aug and 4 Sep with chemicals applied in water using an Ag Cat B aircraft with swaths of 54 ft delivering 2 gpa finished formulation. Non-target arthropods were monitored continuously using 3 pitfall traps (pt jars filled with 150 ml 70% ethanol and 60 ml mineral oil) embedded in the soil surface in the center of each plot and spaced 20 m apart. Traps were sheltered by a 22 cm diam disc supported on a tripod 4 cm above the soil surface. Traps were first installed on 19 Aug, collected and replaced on 9 Sep and the last set removed on 30 Sep.
Wheat Stem Sawfly Control on Winter Wheat, 1996
Authors: Blodgett Sue L. , Goosey Hayes , Waters Deb , Tharp Cecil , Johnson Greg 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three insecticide treatments were evaluated for WSS control on a commercial farm near Dutton, MT. Winter wheat was treated on 19 Jun in 40 X 7 ft plots oriented along the edge of the wheat strip, adjacent to fallow where WSS activity is greater. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticide applications were made using a backpack, CO2-pressured sprayer equipped with TeeJet XR8002VS nozzles, calibrated to deliver 8.2 gpa at 30 psi. WSS adults were sampled by taking 10 consecutive sweeps using a standard (15-inch diam) sweep net and larvae were sampled by splitting 20 stems per plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and separating means using Tukey.
Control of Black Cutworm Larvae on a Bentgrass Fairway, 1996
Authors: Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted on a golf course fairwa; of Columbia Hills Country Club at Columbia Station in Lorain Co., OH. Insecticides were applied the evening of 30 Jul to plots 6 X 20 ft (1.8 x 6.1 m arranged in a RCB replicated four times. Treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer and Teejet™ XR8006VS nozzles at 29 psi (2.04 kg/cm2) pressurt that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2 (407 liter/ha). The experimental area received no post-treatment irrigation between applications and data acqui sition. Environmental conditons at time of treatment were as follows: BCW - approximately 6/yd2, various instars; turf-level, dry, 1/2 inch (13 mm) ht 100% creeping bentgrass, ¼ inch (6 mm) thatch depth; soil-moist, 78°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 79°F at 3 inch (7.6 cm); weather-mostly cloudy, 80°F 0-10 mph (0-16 km/h). Counts of the BCW carcasses present on surface of each plot were recorded the morning following treatment approximately 11 hours after treatment. Evaluation was done on the morning of 1 Aug, approximately 36 hours after treatment, by recording the number of BCW live lar vae flushed to the surface using a soap irritant drench of 30 ml Joy dishwashing detergent per 2 gal (7.6 liter) water in two 1 yd2 (0.9 X 0.9 m) areas ii each plot.
Control of Black Turfgrass Ataenius Adults on a Golf Course Fairway, 1995
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted on an irrigated golf course fairway at Westfield Country Club, Westfield Center, in Medina Co., OH. Insecticides were applied 15 May to plots 6 ft by the width of the fairway (&gt;65 ft) replicated four times. Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer and Teejet™ XR8006VS nozzles at 35 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2. The granular treatments were applied with a 2-ft drop spreader. After all treatments were applied, the area was irrigated with approximately ¼ inch of water. Environmental conditions at the time of treatment were as follows: BTA - ovipositing adults present; turf-level dry, % inch ht, 100% bentgrass, 1 inch of thatch; soil - moist, 60°F at 1 inch and 3 inches deep; weather - sunny, 64°F, 0-8 mph wind. Evaluation was done on 10 Jul by counting number of live BTA larvae in 10 samples 4% inches in diam from each plot. Analysis of variance was done on plot totals and means separated by DMRT at P = 0.05.
Spring Application of Conventional and Biorational Insecticides for Control of Sod Webworms, 1996
Authors: Baxendale F.P. , Weinhold A.P. , Schild J. , Merrigan T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for control of sod webworm larvae on a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the Gering Cemetery, in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska. The turf (80% Kentucky bluegrass, 20% perennial rye and tall fescue) was maintained at a mowing height of 2.5 inches. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.5 inch. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silt loam; soil organic matter, 2.3%; soil pH, 8.4. Weather conditions at the time of treatment were as follows: soil moisture 16% by wt; air temperature 70°F; soil temperature 62°F; relative humidity 29%; wind direction and velocity 157° at 11 mph. Plots were 7 x 7 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 3 replications. Treatments were applied on 6 May. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO, sprayer with a TeeJet® 8002 nozzle at 30 psi and delivering 2 gal finished spray/1000 ft2. Following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.125 inches of water. A total of 0.67 inch of rain fell during the post-treatment period. Treatments were evaluated 3,7, and 14 DAT (10, 14, and 21 May) by mixing 0.5 oz of Lemon Dawn® per gal of water and applying one gal of the dilution to each of two 6 ft sampling areas per plot (12.0 ft2 total area). Larvae that moved to the grass surface after twenty minutes, were collected and counted.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of White Grubs, 1996
Authors: Gibb T. J. , Buhler W. G. , Gerber C. K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tests were conducted on 2 X 2 ft plots at the Purdue University Agronomy Research Center in West Lafayette, IN. The plots were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 5 times. A PVC cylinder (6 inch inside diameter) was buried 4 inches into the soil and projected 1 inch above the soil in the center of each plot. Five 3rd instar JB grubs were infested within each cylinder on 1 Oct. Merit 0.5G was used as the insecticide standard treatment and was applied with a homemade salt shaker on 3 Jul. Orthene and Tame treatments were applied on 4 Oct. Dispersible formulations were applied through a TeeJet® 11003 spray tip attached to a 60-ml plastic syringe at a volume of 2 gal water / 1000 ft2. All plots received 0.5 inch of irrigation immediately after treatment. There were two untreated plots in each replicate. Thatch depth (natural) was 0.13 - 0.25 inches on a silt loam soil. Efficacy was evaluated 25 Oct by extracting the cylinders, separating the soil and grass, and recording the number of live grubs.
Summer Management of Hairy Chinch Bug with Merit 7SWP, Tempo 20WP, Merit 75WP Plus Tempo 20WP, and Experimental Formulations on Established Fescue Turfgrass, 1996
Authors: Heller P.R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 4 X 6 ft arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 182 ml of water/24 ft2 or delivering 2 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (31 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 74°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 70°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 69°F; RH, 72%; amount of thatch, 0.75 inch; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis: 34.4% sand, 48.7% silt, 16.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 24.1%; organic matter, 5.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.2; application time, mid-morning; and partly cloudy skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area received 0.1 inch of irrigation. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6 inch-diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10 min period 6 DAT (6 Aug) and 14 DAT (14 Aug). Two flotation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.