bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anharmonicity and Fermi resonance in the vibrational spectra of a CO2 molecule and CO2 molecular crystal: Similarity and distinctions
Authors: Nosenko Valentyna V. , Rudko Galyna Yu. , Yaremko Anatoliy M. , Yukhymchuk Volodymyr O. , Hreshchuk Olexandr M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe vibrational spectra of a molecule and related molecular crystal are systematically analyzed theoretically with the account of the influence of anharmonic interactions between the vibrations. The specific anharmonism‐induced features in the spectra of a molecule and crystal are revealed, and spectral lineshapes at varied strength of anharmonic interaction are simulated. The proposed general theoretical approach is used for fitting the experimental vibrational spectra of CO2 substance in gas and molecular crystal phases. Pretty good coincidence of experimental data with theoretical results is demonstrated, and the constants of anharmonic interaction are obtained. The proposed theoretical approach can be used to interpret the bands in the Raman and infrared absorption spectra of various complex molecules and crystals.
Effects of a capital gains tax on asset pricing
Authors: Krause Marko Volker 
Published: December 2017

AbstractI extend and generalize the work of Kruschwitz and Löffler (BuR—Business Research 2(2):171–178, 2009). I find that, with a zero risk-free rate, the implicit price of capital gains tax payments is zero. I provide conditions in stochastic discount factor language when a capital gains tax has no effect on asset prices for the case of a zero risk-free rate. A sufficient condition for price equality with a zero risk-fee rate is that agents consume the same in any state with and without taxes. Equilibria exist that guarantee equal consumptions, and they imply the same portfolio rules that Kruschwitz and Löffler (BuR—Business Research 2(2):171–178, 2009) find for the CAPM. Furthermore, for an exogenous non-zero risk-free rate, I show that exponential utility with multivariate normal payoffs, as well as linear marginal utility leave prices unchanged. Equilibrium prices are independent of capital gains taxes in those cases. However, total wealth of agents is different between the tax and the no-tax economy.
Using Porcelain Replicas for Precision Control in Flintknapping Experiments
Authors: Speer Charles A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe experimental replication of lithic artifacts occasionally encounters issues of standardization and control. Two major issues are how to accurately create a large sample population and how to sample from specific stages over the flaking process. Knappable stone is unpredictable due to inclusions, cracks, and differences in size, texture, and fracture toughness. While this aspect of stone is critical to understanding some aspects of human behavior, decision-making, and skill assessment, in some experimental studies it may hinder other areas. Research for a large study assessing the failure of Folsom preforms during the fluting stage required many knappable facsimiles. The process outlined here uses porcelain as a medium for tackling these requirements. The new method presented here illustrates how a 3-D scanner and printer can be used to record and produce a copy of the artifact form. It then describes how to create a plaster mold of the printed artifact form and, finally, how to cast and fire the artifact replica in porcelain.
PRODUCTS OF HUREWICZ SPACES IN THE LAVER MODEL
Authors: REPOVŠ DUŠAN , ZDOMSKYY LYUBOMYR 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article is devoted to the interplay between forcing with fusion and combinatorial covering properties. We illustrate this interplay by proving that in the Laver model for the consistency of the Borel’s conjecture, the product of any two metrizable spaces with the Hurewicz property has the Menger property.
Nonlocal Dynamic Stability of DWCNTs Containing Pulsating Viscous Fluid Including Surface Stress and Thermal Effects Based on Sinusoidal Higher Order Shear Deformation Shell Theory
Authors: Mirafzal A. , Fereidoon A. , Andalib E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, the dynamic stability of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) conveying pulsating viscous fluid located on visco-Pasternak medium is investigated. The effects of small scale are considered using Eringen's non-local theory. The surrounding medium of DWCNT is anticipated as a visco-Pasternak foundation including the normal, shear, and damping forces. The van der Waals (vdWs) force is considered among the inner and outer layers of DWCNT. Three types of temperature changes, i.e. uniform, linear and sinusoidal temperature rise, through the thickness are studied. The equations of motion are obtained using higher order sinusoidal shear deformation shell theory (SSDT), in which the surface effects are included. Dynamical equations of DWCNT are extracted using the energy method and Hamilton's principle. Due to orthogonal conditions, the governing equations are solved based on Bolotin method. The effects of different parameters such as surface stress, non-local parameter, fluid velocity, Knudsen's number, fluid density, dimensions ratio and various temperature loadings on the dynamic stability regions of DWCNTs are discussed.
Regulation of hepatic lipid deposition by phospholipid in large yellow croaker
Authors: Cai Zuonan , Mai Kangsen , Ai Qinghui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDietary phospholipid (PL) supplementation has been shown to reduce lipid accumulation in the tissues of farmed fish; however, the mechanisms underlying this effect are largely unknown. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential impacts of PL on hepatic lipid metabolism bothin vivoandin vitro. Forin vivostudy, four experimental diets – low lipid and low PL diet, as control diet (LL-LP diet, containing 12 % lipid and 1·5 % PL), low-lipid and high-PL diet (containing 12 % lipid and 8 % PL), high-lipid and low-PL diet (HL-LP diet, containing 20 % lipid and 1·5 % PL) and high-lipid and high-PL diet (HL-HP diet, containing 20 % lipid and 8 % PL) – were randomly allocated to four groups of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) (three cages per group) with similar initial body weight (approximately 8 g). Forin vitrostudy, primary hepatocytes isolated from large yellow croaker were incubated either with graded levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (0–250 μm) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) for CTP: choline phosphate cytidylyltranferaseα(CCTα) (siRNA-CCTα). Results showed that survival was independent of dietary treatments (P>0·05). Weight gain and feed efficiency in the HL-HP group were significantly higher than in the LL-LP and HL-LP groups (P<0·05). High level of dietary PL could markedly reduce abnormal hepatic lipid accumulation induced by the HL-LP diet (P<0·05). Similarly, compared with the corresponding controls, a significant decrease/increase in lipid content was observed in primary hepatocytes incubated with PC/siRNA-CCTα(P<0·05). High level of dietary PL reversed the HL-LP diet-induced increased levels of mRNA of fatty acid uptake and lipid synthesis related genes (P<0·05). In addition, High level of dietary PL markedly down-regulated the transcript levels of fatty acid oxidation-related genes and enhanced the transcript levels of VLDL assembly-related genes regardless of dietary lipid levels (P<0·05). Compared with corresponding controls, primary hepatocytes treated with PC showed significantly higher mRNA expression of lipid synthesis and VLDL assembly-related genes and lower mRNA expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes, with hepatocytes treated with siRNA-CCTαexhibiting the opposite trend (P<0·05). In summary, these results demonstrated that high level of dietary PL might reverse the HL-LP diet-induced abnormal lipid accumulation in the liver through inhibiting fatty acid uptake and lipid synthesis, together with promoting the lipid export at the transcriptional level. Lipid export-promoting effect of PC was confirmed byin vitrostudies. The present study showed for the first time that PL or PC could influence various metabolic pathways to regulate hepatic lipid deposition in fish at least at the transcriptional level.
Clustering of energy balance-related behaviours and parental education in European preschool children: the ToyBox study
Authors: Miguel-Berges María L. , Zachari Konstantina , Santaliestra-Pasias Alba M. , Mouratidou Theodora , Androutsos Odysseas , Iotova Violeta , Galcheva Sonya , De Craemer Marieke , Cardon Greet , Koletzko Berthold , Kulaga Zbigniew , Manios Yannis , Moreno Luis A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEnergy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) are established in childhood and seem to persist through to adulthood. A lower parental educational level was associated with unhealthy behavioural patterns. The aim of the study is to identify clusters of EBRB and examine their association with preschool children’s BMI and maternal, paternal and parental education. A subsample of the ToyBox study (n5387) conducted in six European countries was used. Six behavioural clusters (‘healthy diet and low activity’, ‘active’, ‘healthy lifestyle’, ‘high water and screen time; low fruits and vegetables (F&V) and physical activity (PA)’, ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ and ‘high F&V consumers’) emerged. The healthiest group characterised by high water and F&V consumption and high PAzscores (‘healthy lifestyle’) was more prevalent among preschool children with at least one medium- or higher-educated parent and showed markedly healthier trends for all the included EBRB. In the opposite, the ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ cluster (characterised by high soft drinks and screen timezscores, and low water, F&V and PAzscores) was more prevalent among children with lower parental, paternal and maternal education levels. OR identified that children with lower maternal, paternal and parental education levels were less likely to be allocated in the ‘healthy lifestyle’ cluster and more likely to be allocated in the ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ cluster. The ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ cluster was more prevalent among children with parents in lower parental educational levels and children who were obese. Therefore, parental educational level is one of the key factors that should be considered when developing childhood obesity prevention interventions.
Do mothers really know best? Complexities in testing the preference-performance hypothesis in polyphagous frugivorous fruit flies
Authors: Birke A. , Aluja M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe preference-performance hypothesis (PPH) has widely been used to explain host exploitation patterns by phytophagous insects. However, this hypothesis often fails in the case of polyphagous species when compared with specialists. One explanation, validated by the information-processing hypothesis (IPH), considers that polyphagous insects are unable to process a large array of cues, which hinders females from distinguishing between high- and low- quality hosts. Here we analyzedAnastrepha ludensfemale host preference and offspring performance, and tested if neuronal limitations could possibly play a role in the incapacity of the polyphagousA. ludensto make ‘accurate decisions’ and therefore partially explain mismatches related to PPH. Results testing the PPH by correlating female preference to six naturally occurring hosts and its offspring outcomes show thatA. ludensfemales oviposited greater proportions of eggs on fruit according to hierarchical preferences. Infestation level was low in white sapote, the preferential and seemingly putative ancestral host, likely due to sapote defence mechanisms. Pupal weight and adult size were lower whenA. ludenslarvae developed in guava (conditional host that was artificially infested) and peach, a lower ranked host compared with ‘Marsh’ grapefruit, white sapote, and ‘Manila’ mango (three preferred hosts). Larvae reared in ‘Manzano’ pepper, a low-ranked host, performed better than in peach and guava. Results testing the IPH, show that polyphagousA. ludensfemales were less accurate when discerning between a non natural host (guava) when compared with a preferred, natural host (grapefruit): error rate was significantly higher, number of oviposited fruit in a 6-h period was extremely low, time searching and ovipositing took longer, and pupae recovery was extremely low. Our findings indicate that both hypotheses tested are complementary and help better understand host use byA. ludens. However, we also discuss the complexity of polyphagy considering other factors such as plant resistance/defence mechanisms which are not fully addressed in both theories tested.
Cornicle secretions byAphis fabae(Hemiptera: Aphididae) result in age-dependent costs and improved host suitability forLysiphlebus fabarum(Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Parvizi Y. , Rasekh A. , Michaud J.P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe examined the life history consequences of cornicle secretion byAphis fabaeScopoli in second and fourth instars, and its effects on host suitability for its parasitoid,Lysiphlebus fabarum(Marshall). Cornicle secretion did not affect aphid fecundity, but secretion in the second instar enhanced life table parameters, whereas secretion in the fourth instar affected them negatively, suggesting a higher cost of secretion in later instars. Secretion in either instar improved host suitability forL. fabarum. Although control and treated aphids were parasitized at similar rates, and with similar success, wasps developed faster and emerged as larger adults in aphids that had secreted, regardless of instar. Transgenerational effects were also evident. Progeny emergence was higher when parental wasps developed in fourth instars than in seconds, whether aphids secreted or not, and progeny were larger when parental hosts secreted in the second instar, but not in the fourth. Secreting fourth instars were preferred to controls byL. fabarumfemales in choice tests, but not secreting second instars, and fourth-instar secretion improved wasp emergence. When control aphids were attacked, second instars were more likely to secrete than fourth instars, whereas the latter were more likely to kick the parasitoid. Cornicle secretion reduced the probability of subsequent secretion events and the frequency of other aphid defensive behaviors, indicating energetic tradeoffs among defensive tactics. Overall, our results revealed that cornicle secretion by immatureA. fabaeexacts both physiological and behavioral costs and results in improved host suitability for its parasitoid.
Use of electromagnetic radiation for potential forecast of earthquakes
Authors: RABINOVITCH AVINOAM , FRID VLADIMIR , BAHAT DOV 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA forecast of an earthquake should identify the first stages of earthquake development: nucleation and stick-slip. We show that a forecast cannot be achieved by seismic measurements due to their high attenuation, but can be obtained by judicial filtering of electromagnetic radiation. Results show that electromagnetic radiation emitted from fractures (FEMR) during the early stages of an earthquake is less attenuated than seismic measurements due to the high frequencies involved, but could be cluttered by external noise. Based on our previous studies, an analysis of FEMR constructed on a profile of individual pulses can remove part of the clatter.
Effects of anti-poaching patrols on the distribution of large mammals in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Kablan Yves Aka , Diarrassouba Abdoulaye , Mundry Roger , Campbell Geneviève , Normand Emmanuelle , Kühl Hjalmar S. , Koné Inza , Boesch Christophe 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe effectiveness of protected area management is a major concern. In Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, recurrent human pressure challenges the ability of law enforcement authorities to protect wildlife. During 2010–2015 we studied the implementation of law enforcement in the Park to determine (1) the potential for improvement of the protection of large mammals and (2) the minimum patrolling effort needed to obtain increases in their populations. We recorded presence of large mammals and illegal activities in two areas within the Park, the research area (210 km2) and the rest of the Park (5,150 km2), and compiled data about patrolling efforts from the Park authorities. Using a generalized linear mixed model we identified a relationship between increased patrolling effort and the relative abundance of large mammals, especially for monkey groups, pygmy hippopotamusesChoeropsis liberiensisand duikers. At low patrolling efforts duiker encounter rates remained stable, whereas rates of encounter with monkey groups and pygmy hippopotamuses decreased. ChimpanzeePan troglodytes verusencounter rates were slower to respond and remained stable at higher patrolling effort, but decreased at low patrolling effort. Our findings suggest that a minimum of 1.32 patrol days per km2over 2 years is required for chimpanzee and monkey populations to increase, whereas a patrolling effort of 0.48 days per km2over 2 years would lead to an increase in duiker and pygmy hippopotamus populations. We maintain that the patrolling effort required to ensure an increase in wildlife can be estimated relatively precisely from multi-year biomonitoring programmes.
Why does the United Kingdom (UK) have inconsistent preferences on financial regulation? The case of banking and capital markets
Authors: James Scott , Quaglia Lucia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWhat explains national preferences concerning international and regional financial regulation? This article focusses on one of the main financial jurisdictions worldwide, the United Kingdom (UK). It is puzzling that since the crisis this jurisdiction has pursued stringent harmonised regulation in certain areas (banking), but not others (capital markets). We explain this in terms of how the demands of powerful economic interests are mediated by the political process and regulatory institutions. In banking, there was strong political pressure to restore financial stability, and regulatory institutions were significantly strengthened. This enabled UK regulators to resist industry lobbying and pursue more stringent harmonised rules at the international and European Union levels (“trading up”). In the case of capital markets, by contrast, UK regulators lacked political support for tougher regulation and were institutionally much weaker. As a result, the industry was far more effective in shaping UK preferences aimed at protecting the sector’s competitiveness (“trading down”).
Management of late presentation congenital heart disease
Authors: Iyer Parvathi U. , Moreno Guillermo E. , Fernando Caneo Luiz , Faiz Tahira , Shekerdemian Lara S. , Iyer Krishna S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn many parts of the world, mostly low- and middle-income countries, timely diagnosis and repair of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) is not feasible for a variety of reasons. In these regions, economic growth has enabled the development of cardiac units that manage patients with CHD presenting later than would be ideal, often after the window for early stabilisation – transposition of the great arteries, coarctation of the aorta – or for lower-risk surgery in infancy – left-to-right shunts or cyanotic conditions. As a result, patients may have suffered organ dysfunction, manifest signs of pulmonary vascular disease, or the sequelae of profound cyanosis and polycythaemia. Late presentation poses unique clinical and ethical challenges in decision making regarding operability or surgical candidacy, surgical strategy, and perioperative intensive care management.
Fifty Years of Prefrontal Cortex Research: Impact on Assessment
Authors: Burgess Paul W. , Stuss Donald T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOur knowledge of the functions of the prefrontal cortex, often called executive, supervisory, or control, has been transformed over the past 50 years. After operationally defining terms for clarification, we review the impact of advances in functional, structural, and theoretical levels of understanding upon neuropsychological assessment practice as a means of identifying 11 principles/challenges relating to assessment of executive function. Three of these were already known 50 years ago, and 8 have been confirmed or emerged since. Key themes over this period have been the emergence of the use of naturalistic tests to address issues of “ecological validity”; discovery of the complexity of the frontal lobe control system; invention of new tests for clinical use; development of key theoretical frameworks that address the issue of the role of prefrontal cortex systems in the organization of human cognition; the move toward considering brain systems rather than brain regions; the advent of functional neuroimaging, and its emerging integration into clinical practice. Despite these huge advances, however, practicing neuropsychologists are still desperately in need of new ways of measuring executive function. We discuss pathways by which this might happen, including decoupling the two levels of explanation (information processing; brain structure) and integrating very recent technological advances into the neuropsychologist’s toolbox. (JINS, 2017,23, 755–767)
Emotions Are Rising: The Growing Field of Affect Neuropsychology
Authors: McDonald Skye 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThirty years ago, the neuropsychology of emotion started to emerge as a mainstream topic. Careful examination of individual patients showed that emotion, like memory, language, and so on, could be differentially affected by brain disorders, especially in the right hemisphere. Since then, there has been accelerating interest in uncovering the neural architecture of emotion, and the major steps in this process of discovery over the past 3 decades are detailed in this review. In the 1990s, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans provided precise delineation of lesions in the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, insula and somatosensory cortex as underpinning emotion disorders. At the same time, functional MRI revealed activation that was bilateral and also lateralized according to task demands. In the 2000s, converging evidence suggested at least two routes to emotional responses: subcortical, automatic and autonomic responses and slower, cortical responses mediating cognitive processing. The discovery of mirror neurons in the 1990s reinvigorated older views that simulation was the means to recognize emotions and empathize with others. More recently, psychophysiological research, revisiting older Russian paradigms, has contributed new insights into how autonomic and other physiological indices contribute to decision making (the somatic marker theory), emotional simulation, and social cognition. Finally, this review considers the extent to which these seismic changes in understanding emotional processes in clinical disorders have been reflected in neuropsychological practice. (JINS, 2017,23, 719–731)