bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry in Jaundiced Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: van den Esker-Jonker Bernice , den Boer Lieve , Pepping Rianne M.C. , Bekhof Jolita 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:
For evaluation of jaundiced neonates, serum bilirubin (SB) or transcutaneous bilirubinometry (TcB) is used. Few data are available on the quantitative reduction of blood sampling by using TcB.

METHODS:
We conducted a randomized controlled trial in hospitalized jaundiced neonates ≥32 weeks’ gestational age. In the intervention group, TcB was used and in the control group the decision to obtain a blood sample for SB was based on visual and clinical assessment. Outcome measure was the number of blood samples before phototherapy. When TcB was &lt;50 µmol/L below the threshold for phototherapy, SB was obtained. The decision to start treatment was always based on an SB value.

RESULTS:
A total of 430 were randomized and included in the intention-to-treat analysis: 213 in the TcB group and 217 in the control group. In the TcB group, 104 (48.4%) had at least 1 blood sample taken for SB, versus 172 (79.3%) in the control group (difference 30.5%, 95% confidence interval 21.5–38.7, P &lt; .001). The number of blood draws was significantly reduced by 38.5% (0.9 ± 1.1 vs 1.3 ± 1.0, difference –0.5, 95% confidence interval –0.7 to –0.3, P &lt; .001). Peak of bilirubin value, indications for phototherapy, or exchange transfusion and hospitalization length were not different between groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of TcB in jaundiced neonates is feasible and safe, resulting in a reduction of more than one-third in blood draws.
Deposition Conditions for Laser Formation Processes with Filler Wire
Authors: Seto Naoki ,   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sato Hiroshi ,   ,
Published: November 2016

Recently, studies on three-dimensional (3D) formation technology, which is capable of forming components directly, have become increasingly popular as a part of additive manufacturing technologies. However, a very limited amount of information has been published about its processing conditions or settings. In this study, we have prototyped a wire-feeding type 3D laser deposition equipment to publish information about adjusting the deposition conditions and examining the deposition characteristics, which can be used as a reference by engineers who carry out 3D formations. We hope that this study can contribute significantly to the progress in additive manufacturing technologies.Using the proposed equipment, we determined the deposition conditions under which the melting of a specimen can be limited to a shallow depth, while making depositions of sufficient height on the specimen. These deposition conditions are a laser power of 2.0 kW, a laser traveling speed of 1.5 m/min, and a wire-feeding speed of 7.7 m/min. Further, we confirmed that slight tuning of these deposition conditions even allows for 10-layer depositions and depositions containing curved lines.
Chondrocyte Viability 3.5 Years Following a Vascularized Medial Femoral Trochlea Osteocartilaginous Free Flap
Authors: Zimmerman Ryan M. , Allen Elizabeth A. , Higgins James P. 
Published: November 2016

Case:
A 30-year-old woman underwent arthroscopy for wrist pain 3.5 years following a medial femoral trochlea (MFT) osteocartilaginous free flap for Kienböck disease, which provided the opportunity to examine the transferred cartilage in vivo. Arthroscopy revealed no evidence of chondrolysis, and histologic examination revealed uniformly viable chondrocytes within a matrix consistent with fibrocartilage.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, the long-term viability of chondrocytes following an MFT free flap has not been previously documented. This case provides early evidence that free tissue transfer based on the descending genicular artery can provide a durable solution for osteocartilaginous defects.
Management of a Combined Femoral Head and Neck Fracture
Authors: Snoap Tyler , Freyder Jeffrey , Roberts Jason 
Published: November 2016

Case:
A 19-year-old woman sustained a traumatic hip injury with dislocation and fractures of the femoral head and neck. A modified Gibson approach with trochanteric flip osteotomy was performed. We describe the management technique used to reduce and stabilize the femoral head and neck fractures during surgical hip dislocation. The stabilization of the femoral head to the femoral neck was performed primarily in a retrograde manner.

Conclusion:
Retrograde fixation of combined femoral head and neck fractures can be safely performed during surgical hip dislocation with satisfactory results.
Improving Shale Production Through Flowback Analysis
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: November 2016

Once a horizontal well is hydraulically fractured, the next step is to clean up the well by flowing it back to remove water and loosen proppant from the wellbore.
Most shale producers in North America have given little thought to this flowback stage and see it merely as a prelude to the cash-flow generating production stage. However, a few companies have come to realize it represents a valuable opportunity to learn more about their wells in a week or two than their competitors are learning after several months of production.
Essentially, flowback data is a bridge between what happened during a completion and what will happen as hydrocarbons are produced. An important driver shared by all the interested producers is that for the most part, they are already required to record the flowback stage per US and Canadian regulations.
“So arguably, the cost of collecting this data is nil,” said James Crafton, president of consultancy firm Performance Sciences, who has been working with service companies and shale producers on different flowback issues for more than 15 years.
Crafton and others involved in this area have long been trying to convince the shale business that how a well is flowed back is often as important as the completion itself and that by ignoring this maxim, they are leaving money on the table. “It is that simple,” he said. “The frustration for me is that the data is there. We have the data, but nobody has the time or perceives the value to interpret the data.”
But there are a few outliers crunching the numbers. Companies including Devon Energy are using the early production and flowing pressure data of flowback fluids to establish their production benchmarks. Nexen Energy is among those also using flowback data to quickly screen the effective size of fracture designs, determine key reservoir properties, and to predict long-term production. Ongoing flowback research is looking at the chemical makeup of flowback fluids to see what else can be learned about shale reservoir behavior.
Salty Flowback Research May Explain Fluid Movement in Shale
Letting It Soak In: Delaying Flowback Delivers Unique Results
Following Flowback With Chemical Tracers
The Role of Family Variables in the Length of Stay of Psychiatric In-patients
Authors: Yoneyama Satoko , Makita Yudo , Miyazu Keiko , Katsukawa Kazuhiko , Yoneyama Eiichi , Masuda Shinji , Nakajima Yukiko , Kawasaki Yasuhiro , Miyazu Kenji 
Published: November 2016

Background:In Japan, the number of beds and average length of stay in a psychiatric ward are greater than in other developed countries.Objective:The present study aimed to investigate the association between family variables and the length of stay of patients with mental and behavioural disorders in a private psychiatric hospital in Japan.Methods:The medical records of patients discharged during a one-year period (n=56: men 50.0% excepting 27 patients discharged due to death were re-examined regarding age, laundry type (self-washing of clothes, family washing or supplier washing), number of family visits per one month while hospitalised, and family structure prior to hospitalisation. A length of stay greater than six months was considered the cut-off point for a long hospital stay. Bivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors independently associated with the length of stay, adjusted for sex, age, and mental and/or behavioural disorders according to the criteria of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.Results:The bivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) for in-patients hospitalised for more than six months was 0.08 (0.01, 0.48) for those who used family washing (p= 0.006) compared with those who used supplier washing. The number of visits per month and family structures before hospitalisation were not significantly associated.Conclusion:These results suggest that within a private psychiatric hospital in Japan, family washing is associated with shortened stays and frequency of family visits, while family structure is not associated with these factors.
Evaluation of 9 Rapid Agglutination Tests for the Diagnosis of Typhoid and Parathyphoid Fever in Côte D'ivoire
Authors: Inwoley André , Affi-Aboli Roseline , Kabran Matthieu , Adiko Aimé Césaire , Abiyou Nadège-Audrey , Amani Franck Stéphane , Seka Jean-Claude , Dembele Bamory 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:In Africa, the Widal test is done in the majority of laboratories by rapid tests whose performances are poorly documented. We evaluate the performance of 9 commercial rapid tests used in Côte d'Ivoire for the serodiagnosis of typhoid and paratyphoid fever.Methods:we used a panel of 170 samples collected from subjects suspected of typhoid or paratyphoid fever in Abidjan to determine the sensitivity, the specificity and operational characteristics of 9 plate agglutination tests (BIOREX®, BIOTEC®, CHRONOLAB®, CROMATEST®, FORTRESS®, PLASMATEC®, CYPRESS®, SPINREACT®and TYDAL®) compared to the reference technique SALMONELLA SEROLOGY®of BIORAD (tube agglutination).Results:Among the 9 evaluated tests, only BIOTEC®presented good performances (96% sensitivity and 97% specificity). Others gave sensitivities below 80%. Their characteristics were improved with the semi-quantitative plate agglutination test. All tests had good operational characteristics.Conclusion:In our context, the majority of tests evaluated should not be used to carry out the Widal test.
Exploring the Neurocircuitry Underpinning Predictability of Threat in Soldiers with PTSD Compared to Deployment Exposed Controls
Authors: Dretsch Michael N. , Wood Kimberly H. , Daniel Thomas A. , Katz Jeffrey S. , Deshpande Gopikrishna , Goodman Adam M. , Wheelock Muriah D. , Wood Kayli B. , Denney Jr. Thomas S. , Traynham Stephanie , Knight David C. 
Published: November 2016

Background:Prior work examining emotional dysregulation observed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has primarily been limited to fear-learning processes specific to anticipation, habituation, and extinction of threat. In contrast, the response to threat itself has not been systematically evaluated.Objective:To explore potential disruption in fear conditioning neurocircuitry in service members with PTSD, specifically in response to predictableversusunpredictable threats.Method:In the current study, active-duty U.S. Army soldiers with (PTSD group;n= 38) and without PTSD (deployment-exposed controls; DEC;n= 40), participated in a fear-conditioning study in which threat predictability was manipulated by presenting an aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS) that was either preceded by a conditioned stimulus (i.e., predictable) or UCS alone (i.e., unpredictable). Threat expectation, skin conductance response (SCR), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal to predictable and unpredictable threats (i.e., UCS) were assessed.Results:Both groups showed greater threat expectancy and diminished threat-elicited SCRs to predictable compared to unpredictable threat. Significant group differences were observed within the amygdala, hippocampus, insula, and superior and middle temporal gyri. Contrary to our predictions, the PTSD group showed a diminished threat-related response within each of these brain regions during predictable compared to unpredictable threat, whereas the DEC group showed increased activation.Conclusion:Although, the PTSD group showed greater threat-related diminution, hypersensitivity to unpredictable threat cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, pre-trauma, trait-like factors may have contributed to group differences in activation of the neurocircuitry underpinning fear conditioning.
Feminism, Foucault, and the Critique of Reason: Re-reading the <i>History of Madness</i>
Authors: Allen Amy 
Published: November 2016

This paper situates Lynne Huffer’s recent queer-feminist Foucaultian critique of reason within the context of earlier feminist debates about reason and critically assesses Huffer’s work from the point of view of its faithfulness to Foucault’s work and its implications for feminism. I argue that Huffer’s characterization of Enlightenment reason as despotic not only departs from Foucault’s account of the relationship between power and reason, it also leaves her stuck in the same double binds that plagued earlier feminist critiques of reason. An appreciation of the profoundly ambivalent nature of Foucault’s critique of reason offers feminists some insights into how to navigate those double binds. What feminists should learn from the early Foucault is precisely his commitment to engage in a rational critique of reason that highlights reason’s dangerous entanglements with power while resisting the temptation to reject or refuse reason altogether.
Force and Knowledge: Foucault’s Reading of Nietzsche
Authors: Fujita Kojiro 
Published: November 2016

Building on Nietzsche’s view of power, Foucault developed an original analysis of power by making use of concepts like “disciplinary power,” “bio-power,” “governmentality,” etc.; however, existing studies have not sufficiently examined his reading of Nietzsche’s works on this topic. Therefore, in order to clarify the connection between the two, this article examines Foucault’s reading of Nietzsche in detail. Firstly, this article examines the notion of “force” which Foucault recognized is at the center of Nietzsche’s view of power, and will explicitly shows its conceptual determinations. In doing so, this paper will also clarify related notions such as “event,” “body” and “history,” and thus bring to light the general principle of force. In addition, Foucault focused on the point at which Nietzsche—using these principles—radically reinterpreted a central concept of human intellectual activity, namely knowledge. Therefore, this article secondly examines how knowledge is formed under the principle of force, and explicitly shows the general mechanism of knowledge. Finally, the article explains that Nietzsche’s view of power is understood by Foucault as the duality between force and knowledge; in other words, as an ontology of force.
Orientalism as a form of Confession
Authors: Teti Andrea 
Published: November 2016

In addition to being characterised as a ‘regime of truth’, Orientalist discourses also display the general properties of confessional discourses outlined in Foucault’s Will to Knowledge. The article argues that there is a similarity in the ‘effects of power’ made possible within these frameworks, particular regarding the legitimisation and application of discipline. Finally, the paper draws out a few implications for the analysis of power and resistance in confessional economies of power. The perspective this paper provides an insight into the internal structure of Orientalist discourse; connects this structure with Orientalism’s ‘effects of power’; affords purchase on both Orientalism’s organisational and ontogenetic properties; helps explain the persistence of Orientalism – both overt and covert – despite three decades of post-Orientalist scholarship. In this sense, a confessional perspective on Orientalism affords a broad view of the contemporary politics of truth in which Orientalism plays such as an important part. Finally, a confessional perspective affords purchase on the nature of power, the formation of subjectivities, and the possibilities of resistance within Orientalist discursive contexts, which Said’s own analysis is often said to lack.
Fixing Non-market Subjects: Governing Land and Population in the Global South
Authors: Li Tania Murray 
Published: November 2016

Expert knowledge about society and human nature is essential to governing human conduct. It figures in the formulation of the liberal and neoliberal rationalities of government that Foucault analyzed in his later work. It also figures in particular assemblages in which a governmental rationality is brought to bear on the definition of problems and the formulation of solutions. This article explores the use of expert knowledge in governmental assemblages directed towards optimizing relations between people and land in the global south. Since colonial times liberal versions of these assemblages have highlighted cultural difference, and attempted to fix particular populations into non-market niches. Elements from liberal assemblages have been grafted into neoliberal ones, producing the curious figure of homo economicus minus the market, the collectivized and arborealized subject of contemporary conservation initiatives.
The Grassroots and the Gift: Moral Authority, American Philanthropy, and Activism in Education
Authors: Mitchell Katharyne , Lizotte Chris 
Published: November 2016

Parental activism in education reform, while often portrayed as an exemplary manifestation of participatory democracy and grassroots action in response to entrenched corporate and bureaucratic interests, is in fact carefully cultivated and channeled through strategic networks of philanthropic funding and knowledge. This paper argues that these networks are characteristic of a contemporary form of neoliberal governance in which the philanthropic “gift” both obligates its recipients to participate in the ideological projects of the givers and obscures the incursion of market principles into education behind a veneer of progressive activism. Drawing on archival research as well as personal interviews with Seattle-based reform advocates, representatives of philanthropic organizations, and school administrators, the paper points to the need to critically evaluate the “roots” in grassroots movements and trace their connections to larger institutions and agendas.
Professionalism and Performance Incentives in Accounting Firms
Authors: Coram Paul J. , Robinson Matthew J. 
Published: November 2016

SYNOPSIS
This study investigates the structure of profit-sharing schemes and performance incentives within accounting firms. Accounting firms have a strong historical tradition of professionalism but they are also commercial entities. In particular, the audit function within accounting firms serves an important public interest role. Profit-sharing schemes and performance incentives play a valuable role in managing the tension between commercialism and professionalism. Interviews with partners from all Big 4 firms and four mid-tier firms were conducted to gain insights into details of the firms' profit-sharing schemes and performance incentives. We found that the Big 4 firms have established sophisticated commercial performance measurement systems in an attempt to accurately measure the contributions of individual partners, and a number of these metrics are nonfinancial in nature. The range of partner salaries within firms has increased significantly in recent years, providing a further reason for a greater focus on measuring performance. From our sample of mid-tier firms we found a trend toward similar profit-sharing and performance incentives as currently exist within the Big 4, suggesting mid-tier firms are also moving toward a more commercial business model.
Corporate Sustainability Reporting and Stakeholder Concerns: Is There a Disconnect?
Authors: Bradford Marianne , Earp Julia B. , Showalter D. Scott , Williams Paul F. 
Published: November 2016

SYNOPSIS
The number of companies reporting their corporate sustainability (CS) activities has significantly increased over the last decade. The result being a wide variability in the types of activities being reported and the ways the information is presented. An unanswered question is whether the information being reported by companies following the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) CS framework is of interest to arguably one of the primary stakeholder groups, customers. Our study seeks to fill this knowledge gap by comparing the content of CS reports to results from a large-scale consumer stakeholder survey. By performing factor analysis on stakeholder evaluation of the importance of CS activities, we find that consumers see different dimensions than those put forth by the GRI framework, thereby suggesting a disconnect between corporate sustainability reporting and stakeholder views and interests. Our results indicate that risk and compliance are dimensions of interest to customers, while the GRI economic dimension is not viewed as important. Additionally, a new dimension of social justice is the most important to consumer stakeholders. Furthermore, the study highlights particular activities within each factor that are most important to the consumer stakeholder group. This research has implications for preparers of sustainability reports and organizations, such as the GRI, that establish guidance for sustainability reporting.
Large Sample Evidence of the Determinants of Nonprofit Monitoring Costs: A Resource Dependence Framework
Authors: Webb Thomas Z. , Waymire Tammy R. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Despite the importance of audit and accounting services in nonprofit organizations, few studies have examined determinants of these monitoring costs in this setting. This study provides large sample evidence (n = 32,283 nonprofit entity-years) that reliance on external resources in the form of government grants is associated with higher monitoring costs, and that this effect is increased for large nonprofit organizations. In contrast, reliance on direct contributions, which are more likely to comprise smaller amounts from a more diverse group of resource providers, is associated with lower monitoring costs. We also find that, for larger nonprofits, reliance on internal resources (e.g., investment income) is associated with lower monitoring costs. These results are consistent with the tenets of resource dependence theory, i.e., reliance on certain external support that is hard to replace results in increased monitoring costs, and reliance on internal resources can reduce monitoring costs. These results demonstrate the implications of resource dependence on monitoring and offer practical benefit from the predictive models.
Data Availability: Data are available from sources indicated in the text.