bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of water vapour D-excess to land–atmosphere interactions in a semi-arid environment
Authors: Parkes Stephen D. , McCabe Matthew F. , Griffiths Alan D. , Wang Lixin , Chambers Scott , Ershadi Ali , Williams Alastair G. , Strauss Josiah , Element Adrian 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The stable isotopic composition of water vapour provides information about moisture sources and processes difficult to obtain with traditional measurement techniques. Recently, it has been proposed that the D-excess of water vapour (dv  =  δ2H − 8  ×  δ18O) can provide a diagnostic tracer of continental moisture recycling. However, D-excess exhibits a diurnal cycle that has been observed across a variety of ecosystems and may be influenced by a range of processes beyond regional-scale moisture recycling, including local evaporation (ET) fluxes. There is a lack of measurements of D-excess in evaporation (ET) fluxes, which has made it difficult to assess how ET fluxes modify the D-excess in water vapour (dv). With this in mind, we employed a chamber-based approach to directly measure D-excess in ET (dET) fluxes. We show that ET fluxes imposed a negative forcing on the ambient vapour and could not explain the higher daytime dv values. The low dET observed here was sourced from a soil water pool that had undergone an extended drying period, leading to low D-excess in the soil moisture pool. A strong correlation between daytime dv and locally measured relative humidity was consistent with an oceanic moisture source, suggesting that remote hydrological processes were the major contributor to daytime dv variability. During the early evening, ET fluxes into a shallow nocturnal inversion layer caused a lowering of dv values near the surface. In addition, transient mixing of vapour with a higher D-excess from above the nocturnal inversion modified these values, causing large variability during the night. These results indicate d
Simulating the evolution of Hardangerjøkulen ice cap in southern Norway since the mid-Holocene and its sensitivity to climate change
Authors: Åkesson Henning , Nisancioglu Kerim H. , Giesen Rianne H. , Morlighem Mathieu 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Understanding of long-term dynamics of glaciers and ice caps is vital to assess their recent and future changes, yet few long-term reconstructions using ice flow models exist. Here we present simulations of the maritime Hardangerjøkulen ice cap in Norway from the mid-Holocene through the Little Ice Age (LIA) to the present day, using a numerical ice flow model combined with glacier and climate reconstructions. In our simulation, under a linear climate forcing, we find that Hardangerjøkulen grows from ice-free conditions in the mid-Holocene to its maximum extent during the LIA in a nonlinear, spatially asynchronous fashion. During its fastest stage of growth (2300–1300 BP), the ice cap triples its volume in less than 1000 years. The modeled ice cap extent and outlet glacier length changes from the LIA until today agree well with available observations. Volume and area for Hardangerjøkulen and several of its outlet glaciers vary out-of-phase for several centuries during the Holocene. This volume–area disequilibrium varies in time and from one outlet glacier to the next, illustrating that linear relations between ice extent, volume and glacier proxy records, as generally used in paleoclimatic reconstructions, have only limited validity. We also show that the present-day ice cap is highly sensitive to surface mass balance changes and that the effect of the ice cap hypsometry on the mass balance–altitude feedback is essential to this sensitivity. A mass balance shift by +0.5 m w.e. relative to the mass balance from the last decades almost doubles ice volume, while a decrease of 0.2 m w.e. or more induces a strong mass balance–altitude feedback and makes Hardangerjøkulen disappear entirely. Furthermore, once disappeared, an additional +0.1 m w.e. relative to the present mass balance is needed to regrow the ice cap to its present-day extent. We expect that other ice caps with comparable geometry in, for example, Norway, Iceland, Patagonia and peripheral Greenland may behave similarly, making them particularly vulnerable to climate change.
Assessing Quality of Care and Elder Abuse in Nursing Homes via Google Reviews
Authors: Mowery Jared , Hohman Elizabeth Leeds , Jian Jing , Andrei Amanda , Ward Megan E. 
Published: January 2017

Background: It is challenging to assess the quality of care and detect elder abuse in nursing homes, since patients may be incapable of reporting quality issues or abuse themselves, and resources for sending inspectors are limited.Objective: This study correlates Google reviews of nursing homes with Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) inspection results in the Nursing Home Compare (NHC) data set, to quantify the extent to which the reviews reflect the quality of care and the presence of elder abuse. Methods: A total of 16,160 reviews were collected, spanning 7,170 nursing homes. Two approaches were tested: using the average rating as an overall estimate of the quality of care at a nursing home, and using the average scores from a maximum entropy classifier trained to recognize indications of elder abuse. Results: The classifier achieved an F-measure of 0.81, with precision 0.74 and recall 0.89. The correlation for the classifier is weak but statistically significant: = 0.13, P < .001, and 95% confidence interval (0.10, 0.16). The correlation for the ratings exhibits a slightly higher correlation: = 0.15, P < .001. Both the classifier and rating correlations approach approximately 0.65 when the effective average number of reviews per provider is increased by aggregating similar providers.Conclusions: These results indicate that an analysis of Google reviews of nursing homes can be used to detect indications of elder abuse with high precision and to assess the quality of care, but only when a sufficient number of reviews are available.
Managing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Data for Public Health Research
Authors: Van Gaans Deborah , Ahmed Sarah , D'Onise Katina , Taylor Sean Matthew , McDermott R 
Published: January 2017

Good quality data on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are needed to assess the effectiveness of programs and interventions, and to evaluate policies that are designed to improve the status of, and service delivery to, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Due to the lack of longitudinal data it is difficult to gain knowledge on the specific causes or consequences of changes in indigenous outcomes. Variables such as name, date of birth and address variables for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders may be subject to more variation and be less consistently reported among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians than among other Australians. Improving the collection and management of key identifying variables for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders are key to providing more quality information on this population group.
Factors Influencing Non-Performing Loans in Commercial Banks: The Case of Banks in Selangor
Authors: Murthy Uma , Mohammed Kamil Naail , Anthony Mariadas Paul , Devi Dilashenyi 
Published: January 2017

Non-performing loans (NPL) is a worldwide issue that affects financial markets stability in general and banking industry viability in particular. The net non-performing loan (NPL) ratio in the banking system since the Asian financial crisis has gradually been in decline from 13.6% in December 1998 to 2.8% in May 2008. Government intervention to non-performing loan recovery strategies have contributed significantly in the decline. The Malaysian government and banks have succeeded in removing the non-performing loans (NPL) from banks Balance Sheet. This study examines the factors influencing non-performing loans in commercial banks in Selangor. A quantitative research approach is employed in this research following the positivist assumption with a realist ontology and objectivist epistemology. Data was collected using a probabilistic sampling method, particularly a stratified random sampling technique. The adapted survey questionnaire employed in this study and distributed 150 questionnaires and successfully received 130 questionnaires. Overall, the researcher has discussed about the findings of the analysis that was conucted using the SPSS software. Descriptive approach, correlation and multiple regression analysiss had been shown during the analysis. The descriptive approach displayed direct results while the correlation displayed the relationship between the dependent variable (non-performing loan) and the independent variables (standard of living, consumer income, economy of the country, bank interest rate). In this research, found three factors that influencing non-performing loan in Malaysia which are consumers’ income, the economy of the country and bank interest rate. The bank will found that the bank interest rate affect the rate of non-performing loan increase. For the future researchers, this research will benefit them as well. If they are doing their researches which are related to this topic, they can gather everything they want easily. Besides that, it will benefit the researcher who is going to do this research study in Malaysia. This is because the information in Malaysia is limited.
Propulsion Systems of Motor-Sail Yachts — Problems of Diagnosing
Authors: Grządziela Andrzej 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The paper presents operational problems in diagnosing the propulsion system of motor-sail yachts. The advantages and operational problems are presented in the paper and the specificity of use of the propulsion systems. It is shown here solutions to meet the requirements of the marine environment. There are shown exemplary damages resulting from operational errors of crew use. It is proposed program of sea trials, which further operation would be an indispensable diagnostic tool supporting the reliability and safety of the yacht at sea.
Impact Resistance of Aluminium Ship Structures
Authors: Jurczak Wojciech 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In the article there are summarized author’s results of research carried out in the Department of Basics of Marine Engineering of Polish Naval Academy for the last years. The results of those tests are listed in the selected publications that generally describe the improving impact resistance of the marine aluminium alloys. Using the ballistic dividers, sharing in the same thickness or applying the ceramics state the main methods to increase the impact resistance of the tested alloys. The interlayer aluminium structures are super effective. Their impact strength in relation to the monolithic material rise 3-times. This significantly improves their resistance to piercing by the 7.62 mm missile and the fragmentation (making shrapnel) decreases during the explosion. Each aluminium alloys are protected by the ballistic ceramics of 5 mm thickness with the fire caused by the missile of E = 3kJ. The Armox 500S steel can provide an effective protection for aluminium alloys as a ballistic divider during the fire by the 7,62 mm B32 missile.
Modeling of Emissions and Dispersion of Harmful Compounds from Marine Main Propulsion Diesel Engines of Vessels Navigating in Specified Water Basins
Authors: Kniaziewicz Tomasz 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The article presents the results of the first nationwide study of a pro-ecological character, including the problem of the impact of shipping (in a particular basin) on the terrestrial human environment. Shipping in the waters of the Bay of Gdansk is taken as an example of the real system and a detailed identification of the operating conditions for the vessels has been undertaken. Data were obtained from the analysis of information gathered by surveillance systems of vessel traffic (such as Automatic Identification System - AIS) for the complete identification of parameters and characteristics of shipping traffic in the form of deterministic and statistical mathematical models. On the basis of these mathematical models of the emission of harmful exhaust emissions from marine engines have been developed. Models of the spread of exhaust gas are based on the models of Gauss, Euler and Lagrange. Their use has enabled a scientific tool to evaluate the contribution of immission of harmful compounds in the global immission of pollutants in the atmospheric air of the Tri-city agglomeration to be obtained.
Tunisian Exceptionalism Or Constitutional Timing: A Comparison Of Democratic Transitions In The Middle East
Authors: Blaisdell Max 
Published: January 2017

<p><strong><em>Abstract:</em></strong> The protest movements of the Arab Spring prompted a major reevaluation amongst policymakers and academics alike about authoritarian regime stability in the Middle East. Counter to the euphoria that greeted the protests, continued instability, sectarianism, and extreme violence in several Middle Eastern states have sparked concerns that the dictators who ruled before may have been the better of two bad options. These concerns detract from the significant political transformation that Tunisia has undergone, from one of the most repressive dictatorships in the region to its sole genuine democracy. While Tunisia’s successful democratic transition looks like an anomaly in its current regional environment, Egypt did achieve a significant historic milestone when it elected President Morsi in free and fair elections. However his tenure did not last long, and Egypt’s broader failure to democratize prompts questions as to how democratic transitions succeed after dictatorships. By comparing the democratic transition processes in Tunisia and in Egypt, we can begin to elucidate the causes of the different outcomes of the protests in these two similar states. New political actors and certain ancien régime institutions played critical roles in ousting the dictators, but the timeline of whether democratic elections took place before or after new constitutions were adopted, was paramount in determining the success of the democratic transition. This is because constitutional timing structured whether the country’s political design would be determined by dialogue and deliberation or ad-hoc by the political actor with the greatest popularity. </p>
Meeting Henry Hills: Printer To The King's Most Excellent Majesty
Authors: Caswell Violet 
Published: January 2017

<p>What does it mean to study a book? In the early modern period, the printed book became an essential catalyst for the dissemination of information, ideas, and culture. Especially in times of conflict, the realm of the printed word provided an important space in which the dissatisfied could make their voices heard or in which rulers could quell the rumblings of rebellion. It seems obvious that to study a book is to read a book, to seek out the voice of its author.</p><p>Yet books are more than the mere words they contain. Librarians, archivists, and conservators take pains to preserve early and rare books because they are important physical objects with their own unique and often surprising stories. Behind each book is a host of individuals: patrons and printers, authors and apprentices. </p><p>The following essay began with an examination of the John J. Burns Library's 1686 copy of <em>The Life of St. Ignatius, Founder of the Society of Jesus. </em>It relates the story of Henry Hills, the wily craftsman who managed to retain his position as official printer to the crown throughout the extraordinarly different reigns of Charles II, Oliver Cromwell, James II, and Queen Anne. </p>
Preliminary Evaluation of Virtual Touch Tissue Imaging Quantification for Differential Diagnosis of Metastatic and Nonmetastatic Cervical Lymph Nodes
Authors: Zhao Yingyan , Xi Jiaying , Zhao Baozhen , Xiong Wenfeng , Jiang Dong , Yang Li , Cai Zhuhong , Liu Tianjia , Jiang Haibo , Rong Shu , Jin Xiucai 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesVirtual Touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ; Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA) is useful for assessing tissue hardness. This study aimed to investigate the value of VTIQ in differential diagnosis of cervical lymph nodes.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed conventional sonograms and VTIQ images of 85 pathologically confirmed patients with superficial lymph node lesions. Conventional sonography was first performed, with 2‐dimensional images described. Then VTIQ shear wave velocity (SWV) values of superficial lymph nodes were measured. With pathologic diagnosis as the reference standard, a receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to evaluate VTIQ efficacy in differential diagnosis of metastatic and nonmetastatic cervical lymph nodes.ResultsOf the 85 nodes, 44 and 41 were metastatic and nonmetastatic, respectively. The latter group included 24 and 17 hematologic/lymphatic system disease and reactive hyperplastic nodes, respectively. Shear wave velocity values of metastatic nodes were significantly higher than those of their nonmetastatic counterparts (P < .001). With an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.953 and SWV cutoff of 3.27 m/s, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 89.4%, 88.6%, and 90.2%, respectively, for distinguishing metastatic and nonmetastatic nodes. An AUC of 0.943 and SWV cutoff of 3.23 m/s yielded accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 88.2%, 88.6%, and 87.5% for differentiating metastatic from hematologic/lymphatic system disease nodes. Finally, an AUC of 0.968 and SWV cutoff of 3.27 m/s yielded accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 90.2%, 88.6%, and 94.1% for differentiating metastatic from reactive hyperplastic nodes.ConclusionsVirtual Touch tissue imaging quantification is efficient in differential diagnosis of metastatic and nonmetastatic cervical lymph nodes.
What factors control the trend of increasing AAOD over the United States in the last decade?
Authors: Zhang Li , Henze Daven K. , Grell Georg A. , Torres Omar , Jethva Hiren , Lamsal Lok N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe examine the spatial and temporal trends of absorbing aerosol optical depth (AAOD) in the last decade over the United States (U.S.) observed by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Monthly average OMI AAOD has increased over broad areas of the central U.S. from 2005 to 2015, by up to a factor of 4 in some grid cells (~60 km resolution). The AAOD increases in all seasons, although the percentage increases are larger in summer (June‐July‐August) than in winter (December‐January‐February) by a factor of 3. Despite enhancements in AAOD, OMI AOD exhibits insignificant trend over most of the U.S. except parts of the central and western U.S., the latter which may partly be due to decreases in precipitation. Trends in AAOD contrast with declining trends in surface concentrations of black carbon (BC) aerosol. Interannual variability of local biomass burning emissions of BC may contribute to the positive trend in AAOD over the western U.S. Changes in both dust aerosol measured at the surface (in terms of concentration and size) and dust AAOD indicate distinct enhancements, especially over the central U.S. by 50–100%, which appears to be one of the major factors that impacts positive trends in AAOD.
Terrestrial ecosystem model performance in simulating productivity and its vulnerability to climate change in the northern permafrost region
Authors: Xia Jianyang , McGuire A. David , Lawrence David , Burke Eleanor , Chen Guangsheng , Chen Xiaodong , Delire Christine , Koven Charles , MacDougall Andrew , Peng Shushi , Rinke Annette , Saito Kazuyuki , Zhang Wenxin , Alkama Ramdane , Bohn Theodore J. , Ciais Philippe , Decharme Bertrand , Gouttevin Isabelle , Hajima Tomohiro , Hayes Daniel J. , Huang Kun , Ji Duoying , Krinner Gerhard , Lettenmaier Dennis P. , Miller Paul A. , Moore John C. , Smith Benjamin , Sueyoshi Tetsuo , Shi Zheng , Yan Liming , Liang Junyi , Jiang Lifen , Zhang Qian , Luo Yiqi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRealistic projection of future climate‐carbon (C) cycle feedbacks requires better understanding and an improved representation of the C cycle in permafrost regions in the current generation of Earth system models. Here we evaluated 10 terrestrial ecosystem models for their estimates of net primary productivity (NPP) and responses to historical climate change in permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere. In comparison with the satellite estimate from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS; 246 ± 6 g C m−2 yr−1), most models produced higher NPP (309 ± 12 g C m−2 yr−1) over the permafrost region during 2000–2009. By comparing the simulated gross primary productivity (GPP) with a flux tower‐based database, we found that although mean GPP among the models was only overestimated by 10% over 1982–2009, there was a twofold discrepancy among models (380 to 800 g C m−2 yr−1), which mainly resulted from differences in simulated maximum monthly GPP (GPPmax). Most models overestimated C use efficiency (CUE) as compared to observations at both regional and site levels. Further analysis shows that model variability of GPP and CUE are nonlinearly correlated to variability in specific leaf area and the maximum rate of carboxylation by the enzyme Rubisco at 25°C (Vcmax_25), respectively. The models also varied in their sensitivities of NPP, GPP, and CUE to historical changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration. These results indicate that model predictive ability of the C cycle in permafrost regions can be improved by better representation of the processes controlling CUE and GPPmax as well as their sensitivity to climate change.
Association of Anti–3‐Hydroxy‐3‐Methylglutaryl‐Coenzyme A Reductase Autoantibodies With DRB1*07:01 and Severe Myositis in Juvenile Myositis Patients
Authors: Kishi Takayuki , Rider Lisa G. , Pak Katherine , Barillas‐Arias Lilliana , Henrickson Michael , McCarthy Paul L. , Shaham Bracha , Weiss Pamela F. , Horkayne‐Szakaly Iren , Targoff Ira N. , Miller Frederick W. , Mammen Andrew L. ,   for the Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Study Group
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveAutoantibodies recognizing 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) are associated with statin exposure, the HLA allele DRB1*11:01, and necrotizing muscle biopsies in adult myositis patients. The aim of this study was to characterize the features of juvenile anti‐HMGCR‐positive myositis patients.MethodsThe sera of 440 juvenile myositis patients were screened for anti‐HMGCR autoantibodies. Demographic and clinical features, responses to therapy, and HLA alleles were assessed. The features of anti‐HMGCR‐positive patients were compared to those of previously described adult patients with this autoantibody and to children with other myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs).ResultsFive of 440 patients (1.1%) were anti‐HMGCR‐positive; none had taken statin medications. Three patients had rashes characteristic of juvenile dermatomyositis and 2 patients had immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathies. The median highest creatine kinase (CK) level of anti‐HMGCR‐positive subjects was 17,000 IU/liter. All patients had severe proximal muscle weakness, distal weakness, muscle atrophy, joint contractures, and arthralgias, which were all more prevalent in HMGCR‐positive subjects compared to MSA‐negative patients or those with other MSAs. Anti‐HMGCR‐positive patients had only partial responses to multiple immunosuppressive medications, and their disease often took a chronic course. The DRB1*07:01 allele was present in all 5 patients, compared to 26.25% of healthy controls (corrected P = 0.01); none of the 5 juvenile patients had DRB1*11:01.ConclusionCompared to children with other MSAs, muscle disease appears to be more severe in those with anti‐HMGCR autoantibodies. Like adults, children with anti‐HMGCR autoantibodies have severe weakness and high CK levels. In contrast to adults, in anti‐HMGCR‐positive children, there is a strong association with HLA–DRB1*07:01.