bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung transplantation in patients with incidental early stage lung cancer—institutional experience of a high volume center
Authors: Klikovits Thomas , Lambers Christopher , Ghanim Bahil , Dome Balazs , Murakoezy Gabriella , Zöchbauer‐Müller Sabine , Waseda Ryuichi , Aigner Clemens , Lang Gyoergy , Taghavi Shahrokh , Klepetko Walter , Jaksch Peter , Hoda Mir Alireza 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundIncidentally discovered lung cancers in lung transplant (LuTX) recipients are rare but may affect outcome. We aim to report our single center experience with incidence, management, and survival of patients with previously unverified primary lung cancer discovered at the time of LuTX.MethodsA total of 1262 patients undergoing LuTX between 1989 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed in our prospective database.ResultsPatients identified were six men and five women with a mean age of 54.4±9.9 years. The indication for LuTX was COPD (n=9), pulmonary fibrosis (n=1), and cystic fibrosis (n=1). Histological diagnosis of the explanted lung revealed adenocarcinoma in six, squamous cell carcinoma in three, and lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma in two cases, respectively. Staging revealed stage IA (pT1a/b pN0) in eight and IB (pT2a pN0) in two cases and one patient in stage IIA (pT1b pN1). Subsequent cancer staging after LuTX revealed no metastasis. Immunosuppression was adjusted and no adjuvant chemo‐ or radiotherapy was administered. The 5‐year survival rate was 90.5% with no detection of recurrence.ConclusionIn patients with incidentally detected early stage lung cancer at the time of LuTX, rates of recurrence and survival based on this sample appear to be acceptable.
The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology classification for pulmonary specimens: an overview
Authors: Layfield L. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology has formulated guidelines for respiratory cytology which include a classification scheme. The recommended classification scheme is based on the expertise of the committee members, extensive review of the literature and feedback from presentations at national and international meetings. Each category of the classification system is closely defined and link to a known risk for malignancy. The classification contains six categories designated as: 1) Non‐diagnostic; 2) Negative for Malignancy; 3) Atypical; 4) Neoplastic (Benign and low grade cancer); 5) Suspicious for Malignancy; and 6) Malignant.
Patients with KCNJ11‐related diabetes frequently have neuropsychological impairments compared with sibling controls
Authors: Carmody D. , Pastore A. N. , Landmeier K. A. , Letourneau L. R. , Martin R. , Hwang J. L. , Naylor R. N. , Hunter S. J. , Msall M. E. , Philipson L. H. , Scott M. N. , Greeley S. A. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsKCNJ11‐related diabetes is the most common form of permanent neonatal diabetes and has been associated with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental problems. We compared neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with KCNJ11 mutations and their sibling controls.MethodsThrough our Monogenic Diabetes Registry (http://monogenicdiabetes.uchicago.edu/), we evaluated 23 patients with KCNJ11 mutations with (n = 9) and without (n = 14) global developmental delay successfully treated with sulfonylurea and 20 healthy sibling controls, using a battery of targeted neuropsychological and behavioural assessments with scaled scores that are comparable across a wide range of ages.ResultsPatients with KCNJ11‐related diabetes without global developmental delay had significant differences compared with sibling controls on a range of assessments including IQ, measures of academic achievement and executive function. KCNJ11 patients with global delay exhibited significant differences in behavioural symptoms with a tendency to avoid social contact and displayed a reduced ability to adapt to new circumstances. Parents reported more immature behaviour, gross mood swings, bizarre thoughts, other unusual and severe behaviours, and there were also significant deficits in all subdomains of daily living skills.ConclusionsThis series represents the largest and most comprehensive study of neuropsychological and behavioural dysfunction of individuals with KCNJ11 diabetes and is the first to compare outcome with sibling controls. Our data demonstrate the variety of neurodevelopmental problems seen in those with KCNJ11 mutations, even in those without recognized global developmental delays. These data can be used to counsel families and guide structured neurodevelopmental assessments and treatments based on the initial genetic diagnosis in patients with neonatal diabetes.
Measurement of morphological and physiological skin properties in aged care residents: a test–retest reliability pilot study
Authors: Rayner Robyn , Carville Keryln , Leslie Gavin , Dhaliwal Satvinder S. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis test–retest pilot study investigated the intra‐rater reliability and reproducibility of non‐invasive technologies to objectively quantify morphological (colour, thickness and elasticity) and physiological (transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, sebum and pH) skin properties in an aged care population. Three consecutive measurements were taken from five anatomical skin sites, with the mean of each measurement calculated. The intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM) were used to examine the intra‐rater reliability and reproducibility of measurements. Non‐invasive technologies in this study showed almost perfect reliability for ultrasound measurements of the subepidermal low echogenicity band (SLEB) (ρ = 0·95–0·99) and skin thickness (ρ = 0·95–0·99) across all sites. The ICC was substantial to almost perfect for pH (ρ = 0·76–0·88) and viscoelasticity (ρ = 0·67–0·91) across all sites. Hydration (ρ = 0·53–0·85) and skin retraction (ρ = 0·57–0·99) measurements ranged from moderate to almost perfect across all sites. TEWL and elasticity were substantial to almost perfect across four sites. Casual sebum levels and most colour parameters showed poor ICC. The use of non‐invasive technologies in this study provided an objective and reliable means for quantifying ageing skin and may offer future studies a valuable option for assessing skin tear risk.
Structural and Physical Properties of Mixed‐Layer Aurivillius‐Type Multiferroics
Authors: Sun Shujie , Liu Changhui , Wang Guopeng , Chen Zezhi , Chen Tong , Peng Ranran , Lu Yalin 
Published: May 2016

Different from the homogeneous layer structure of famous Bin+1Fen−3Ti3O3n+3 compounds with integer n values, the mixed‐layer structure of the compounds with fractional n values and their related physics have been rarely reported in recent years. In this work, the mixed‐layer compound Bi11Fe3Ti6O33 (n = 4.5) was synthesized by the modified Pechini method, and its structure was characterized as an inhomogeneous phase generating from the disordered intergrowths of the n = 4 and 5 perovskite slabs. Multiferroic properties of this compound were discussed in detail, compared with two adjacent homologous Aurivillius phases Bi5FeTi3O15 (n = 4) and Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 (n = 5). Significantly, the ferroelectric polarization of the mixed‐layer sample at room temperature is higher than that of the adjacent homologous phases with integer n, mainly arising from the intrinsic mixed‐layer structure. The ferroelectric Curie temperature (~992 K) and a magnetic transition temperature (~7 K) of the 4.5‐layer phase of Bi11Fe3Ti6O33 fall in between those of the homogeneous 4‐ and 5‐layer phases, conforming to the change trends of such oxides with integer n. These results provide important contributions to understand the Aurivillius‐type materials and open up a new avenue to enhance multiferroic properties in single‐phase multiferroics.
A concept analysis of undergraduate nursing students speaking up for patient safety in the patient care environment
Authors: Fagan Anthea , Parker Vicki , Jackson Debra 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimAn analysis of the concept of nursing students speaking up for patient safety in the workplace.Background‘Speaking up’ is assertive communication in clinical situations that requires action through questions or statements of opinion or information with appropriate persistence and is linked to patient safety. Previously, the concept of speaking up has focused on the registered or experienced practitioners, there is minimal discussion relating to student nurses. Analysis of the elements of students speaking up will identify the key elements that will give understanding to their position and experiences.DesignA concept analysis.DataLiterature included publications between 1970–2015 from,MEDLINE,CINHAL,PUBMEDandSCOPUS. Search terms included patient safetyANDspeaking up;ANDpre‐registration/undergraduate nursing students, patient advocate, error reporting, organizational silence, whistleblowing and clinical placement/practicum.MethodsThe Walker and Avant concept analysis model was modified and used to examine the literature.ResultsNursing students speaking up behaviour is influenced by individual and contextual factors that differ from those influencing more experienced colleagues. Motivators and barriers to voicing concerns include moral and ethical beliefs, willingness and confidence to speak up in the workplace. Students’ subordinate and often vulnerable position creates additional tensions and challenges that impact their decisions and actions.ConclusionThis concept analysis provides a clear definition of ‘speaking up’ in relation to nursing students. The analysis will facilitate understanding and operationalization of the concept applied to learning and teaching, practice and research.
Esophagus‐Related Complications During Second‐Generation Cryoballoon Ablation—Insight from Simultaneous Esophageal Temperature Monitoring from 2 Esophageal Probes
Authors: MIYAZAKI SHINSUKE , NAKAMURA HIROAKI , TANIGUCHI HIROSHI , TAKAGI TAKAMITSU , IWASAWA JIN , WATANABE TOMONORI , HACHIYA HITOSHI , HIRAO KENZO , IESAKA YOSHITO 
Published: May 2016

Esophagus‐Related Complications After CryoablationBackgroundMonitoring luminal esophageal temperatures (LETs) helps predict esophageal thermal lesions (ETLs) after catheter ablation. This study aimed to evaluate esophagus‐related complications after second‐generation cryoballoon ablation under simultaneous LETs monitoring from 2 esophageal probes.MethodsForty consecutive paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients undergoing second‐generation cryoballoon ablation under conscious sedation followed by esophagogastroscopy were prospectively included. Two temperature probes inserted bi‐nasally (both non‐deflectable in 13, non‐deflectable and deflectable in 27 patients) were used for LET monitoring. Pulmonary vein isolation was performed with one 28‐mm balloon using single 3‐minute freeze techniques.ResultsThe lowest LETs significantly correlated between different probes; however, deflectable probe showed significantly lower nadir LETs than non‐deflectable probes (14.6 ± 9.2 vs. 20.0 ± 10.6 ℃, P<0.0001). Esophagogastroscopy post‐ablation demonstrated ETLs and gastroparesis in 8 (20%) and 7 (17.5%) patients (total 13 [32.5%]), respectively. The optimal cutoff for the lowest LET measured on any probe for predicting no ETLs was 12.8 ℃ (sensitivity 78.1%, specificity 100%). When using deflectable and non‐deflectable catheters, the optimal cutoff point for the lowest LET for predicting no ETLs was 11.4 ℃ (sensitivity 70.0%, specificity 100%) and 19.4 ℃ (sensitivity 63.6%, specificity 100%), respectively. No ETLs were detected in 12 (30%) patients with the esophagus located between the left atrium and spine. All esophagus‐related complications were asymptomatic and had healed on repeat esophagogastroscopy by a mean of 53 ± 25 days after the procedure.ConclusionsThe lowest LET highly depended on the temperature probe location. However, if a different cutoff value was applied, LET monitoring, regardless of the probe type, and anatomical information might help predict ETLs during second‐generation cryoballoon ablation.
Caffeine exposure alters adenosine system and neurochemical markers during retinal development
Authors: Brito Rafael , Pereira‐Figueiredo Danniel , Socodato Renato , Paes‐de‐Carvalho Roberto , Calaza Karin C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEvidence points to beneficial properties of caffeine in the adult central nervous system, but teratogenic effects have also been reported. Caffeine exerts most of its effects by antagonizing adenosine receptors, especially A1 and A2A subtypes. In this study, we evaluated the role of caffeine on the expression of components of the adenosinergic system in the developing avian retina and the impact of caffeine exposure upon specific markers for classical neurotransmitter systems. Caffeine exposure (5–30 mg/kg by in ovo injection) to 14‐day‐old chick embryos increased the expression of A1 receptors and concomitantly decreased A2A adenosine receptors expression after 48 h. Accordingly, caffeine (30 mg/kg) increased [3H]‐8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine (A1 antagonist) binding and reduced [3H]‐ZM241385 (A2A antagonist) binding. The caffeine time‐response curve demonstrated a reduction in A1 receptors 6 h after injection, but an increase after 18 and 24 h. In contrast, caffeine exposure increased the expression of A2A receptors from 18 and 24 h. Kinetic assays of [3H]‐S‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)‐6‐thioinosine binding to the equilibrative adenosine transporter ENT1 revealed an increase in Bmax with no changes in Kd, an effect accompanied by an increase in adenosine uptake. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a decrease in retinal content of tyrosine hydroxylase, calbindin and choline acetyltransferase, but not Brn3a, after 48 h of caffeine injection. Furthermore, retinas exposed to caffeine had increased levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and cAMP‐response element binding protein. Overall, we show an in vivo regulation of the adenosine system, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and cAMP‐response element binding protein function and protein expression of specific neurotransmitter systems by caffeine in the developing retina.
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The beneficial or maleficent effects of caffeine have been demonstrated by the work of different studies. It is known that during animal development, caffeine can exert harmful effects, impairing the correct formation of CNS structures. In this study, we demonstrated cellular and tissue effects of caffeine's administration on developing chick embryo retinas. Those effects include modulation of adenosine receptors (A1, A2) content, increasing in cAMP response element‐binding protein (pCREB) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase phosphorylation (pERK), augment of adenosine equilibrative transporter content/activity, and a reduction of some specific cell subpopulations. ENT1, Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1.
Investigating affective dispositions as moderators of relationships between weekend activities and recovery experiences
Authors: Ragsdale Jennifer M. , Hoover Coty S. , Wood Kaylen 
Published: May 2016

Recovery experiences achieved during a weekend are presumed to be outcomes of weekend activities. However, results examining relationships between them are mixed. In line with models of differential stress responses, we posited that these differences may be accounted for by affective dispositions. We examined three‐way interactions between weekend activities (low‐effort and work‐related) and both positive trait affect (PA) and negative trait affect (NA) on recovery experiences (psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery). Employees from various work sectors (N = 183) responded to online surveys about their weekend. The results demonstrated that recovery experiences, specifically psychological detachment and mastery, depended on interactions between weekend activities and affective dispositions. When PA was high, NA had a detrimental impact on the relationship between both weekend activities and mastery experiences. When PA was low, NA had a detrimental impact on the relationship between low‐effort activities and psychological detachment. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.Practitioner points

Positive and negative affective dispositions need to be considered in combination to understand when certain recovery activities will be related to recovery experiences or not.

When PA was high, NA had a detrimental impact on the relationship between both weekend activities and mastery experiences.

When PA was low, NA had a detrimental impact on the relationship between low‐effort activities and psychological detachment.
Optimal Enterprise Risk Management and Decision Making With Shared and Dependent Risks
Authors: Ai Jing , Brockett Patrick L. , Wang Tianyang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDynamic enterprise risk management (ERM) entails holistic decision making for critical corporate functions such as capital budgeting and risk management. The interplay across business divisions, however, is complicated due to their natural interactions through risk exposures that are shared and dependent across an intricate corporate structure. This article develops an integrated optimization framework via a copula‐based decision tree interface to facilitate ERM decision making to meet the specified enterprise goal in a multiperiod setting. We illustrate our model and provide managerial insights with a case study for a financial services company engaged in both banking and insurance businesses.
Occurrence and Characterization of the Bacterial Spot Pathogen Xanthomonas euvesicatoria on Pepper in Iran
Authors: Osdaghi Ebrahim , Taghavi S. Mohsen , Hamzehzarghani Habiballah , Lamichhane Jay Ram 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe report in this study for the first time the occurrence of bacterial spot of pepper in Iran and both phenotypic and genetic characterization of its causal agent, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. Pepper plants grown in 15 of 30 surveyed private gardens and commercial fields were infected by the pathogen in Marand County, East Azerbaijan Province, north‐western Iran. The obtained strains of X. euvesicatoria had different amylolytic and pectolytic activities compared with those reported for this species elsewhere. Pathogenicity tests showed that strains isolated from diseased pepper are able to infect tomato, in addition to pepper. Host range of the pathogen was assessed on eight annual plant species including crops and weeds by measuring the population dynamics. The host range assessment showed that in addition to pepper and tomato, known hosts of X. euvesicatoria, the Iranian strains were able to colonize a number of new hosts such as nightshade and common bean. In contrast, none of them were able to build up their population on cowpea, eggplant, bindweed and zucchini. All X. euvesicatoria strains obtained in this study were sensitive to copper sulphate and streptomycin at concentrations higher than 20 and 50 mg/l, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of the strains using the sequences of gyrB and hrpB genes confirmed their species as X. euvesicatoria. Given a direct commercial trade of fresh solanaceous vegetables between Iran and Turkey, it is hypothesized that the pathogen entered north‐western Iran from eastern parts of Turkey through infected plant materials. Finally, the role of prevention – based on the use of healthy planting materials and resistant and/or tolerant plant varieties – to contain the potential disease epidemics is discussed.
Effect of sleeping position on arousals from sleep in preterm infants
Authors: Modesto Ingrid Felix , Avelar Ariane Ferreira Machado , Pedreira Mavilde da Luz Gonçalves , Pradella‐Hallinan Marcia , Avena Marta José , Pinheiro Eliana Moreira 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the frequency of preterm infant positions during sleep, and to investigate the association among positions, arousals, sleep patterns, and time of day.Design and MethodsThis observational study was conducted in a neonatal unit with 10 preterm infants. Polysomnographic and video recordings during 24 hr identified sleep positions, arousals, sleep patterns, and time of day.ResultsPreterm infants were placed most frequently in the supine position (58.4%), followed by right side (24.9%), left side (15.5%), and prone (1.2%). The longest amount of time spent sleeping, and the most frequent number of arousals, occurred in the supine position, followed by prone, left‐side, and right‐side positions. After controlling for length of time spent in each position, the number of arousals per hour was the greatest in the supine position (13.562 ± 0.732) and least in the prone position (11.56 ± 4.754; p < .001). There were no significant differences in arousals according to position and sleep pattern (indeterminate, quiet, active sleep) or position and time of day (morning, afternoon, twilight, night).Practice ImplicationsNurses should evaluate the frequency of preterm infant arousals in each position, and use more often those positions that lead to a lower frequency of arousals and better sleep quality.
The dependence of Hyalomma aegyptium on its tortoise host Testudo graeca in Algeria
Authors: TIAR G. , TIAR‐SAADI M. , BENYACOUB S. , ROUAG R. , ŠIROKÝ P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHyalomma aegyptium (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) has recently been confirmed as a carrier of numerous pathogenic, including zoonotic, agents. Four environmentally distinct regions of Algeria, located between the humid coastal zone and the arid Saharan Atlas range, were selected in order to compare differences in tick abundance among localities, and the correlations between tick abundance and host population characteristics and other environmental conditions. Sampling was carried out during May and early June in 2010–2012. A total of 1832 H. aegyptium were removed from 201 tortoises. Adult ticks accounted for 52% of the collection. In the pre‐adult stages, larvae were dominant. Data on prevalence, intensity (mean ± standard deviation, range) and abundance of tick infestation were calculated for each locality. Locally, prevalences reached 100%. The sex ratio was biased in favour of males (4.2). Intensities of infestation differed significantly among the localities studied for all developmental stages of the tick. The intensity of infestation by adult ticks was positively correlated to the size of the tortoise and with tortoise population density in the habitat. However, findings for immature tick stages were independent of both variables. No significant correlations between infestation intensities and the climatic parameters tested were found. Immature ticks were observed to prefer the front parts of their tortoise hosts, whereas the majority of adults were attached to the rear parts.
Nation‐building and Canada's national symbolic order, 1993–2015
Authors: Nieguth Tim , Raney Tracey 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article examines the symbolic construction of Canadian national identity by the 1993–2006 Liberal governments and the 2006–2015 Conservative governments. To do so, it employs the concept of a ‘national symbolic order’, which refers to the complex set of public symbols that invoke, transport, and define claims to a shared national identity. Within Canada's national symbolic order, we focus on the state's use of national symbols across two domains: Speeches from the Throne and banknotes. Our analysis shows that Canada's recent Conservative government has used both of these domains to reshape Canadian national identity in ways that accord with neo‐conservative values and ideology, and that it has done so in a coherent, consistent, and comprehensive fashion. This analysis highlights the symbolic strategies employed by state actors in linking particular ideologies to their nation‐building projects; these strategies span multiple political and policy spaces.