bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Finescale Forecasting Reveals Weather Conditions with Unprecedented Detail
Authors: Ronda R. J. , Steeneveld G. J. , Heusinkveld B. G. , Attema J. J. , Holtslag A. A. M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUrban landscapes impact the lives of urban dwellers by influencing local weather conditions. However, weather forecasting down to the street and neighborhood scale has been beyond the capabilities of numerical weather prediction (NWP) despite the fact that observational systems are now able to monitor urban climate at these scales. In this study, weather forecasts at intra-urban scales were achieved by exploiting recent advances in topographic element mapping and aerial photography as well as looking at detailed mappings of soil characteristics and urban morphological properties, which were subsequently incorporated into a specifically adapted Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The urban weather forecasting system (UFS) was applied to the Amsterdam, Netherlands, metropolitan area during the summer of 2015, where it produced forecasts for the city down to the neighborhood level (a few hundred meters). Comparing these forecasts to the dense network of urban weather station observations within the Amsterdam metropolitan region showed that the forecasting system successfully determined the impact of urban morphological characteristics and urban spatial structure on local temperatures, including the cooling effect of large water bodies on local urban temperatures. The forecasting system has important practical applications for end users such as public health agencies, local governments, and energy companies. It appears that the forecasting system enables forecasts of events on a neighborhood level where human thermal comfort indices exceeded risk thresholds during warm weather episodes. These results prove that worldwide urban weather forecasting is within reach of NWP, provided that appropriate data and computing resources become available to ensure timely and efficient forecasts.
The Role of Traditional Knowledge in Building Adaptive Capacity for Climate Change: Perspectives from Vanuatu
Authors: Granderson Ainka A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
There is increasing recognition of traditional knowledge as an important store of information and practices for building adaptive capacity for climate change in the Pacific. However, empirical research and documentation of how Pacific Islanders experience climate change, identify relevant adaptation options, and mobilize their adaptive capacity, including traditional knowledge, remains limited. Given this context, indigenous islander perspectives on traditional knowledge and its role in building their adaptive capacity are examined in this article. The author draws on research with the Nakanamanga-speaking peoples of Tongoa Island, Vanuatu. This research documents traditional knowledge relating to weather and climate observations; resource use and management; social networks; local leadership; and values and beliefs in these indigenous communities and reveals differing perspectives about its potential to enhance local adaptive capacity. It highlights indigenous concerns about self-reliance, cultural continuity, and how the transition to a cash economy, the valorization of Western education and lifestyles, and rural–urban migration have had adverse implications for traditional knowledge and its retention. It further reveals potential trade-offs for indigenous communities on Tongoa Island, where traditional governance, tenure systems, and values enable flexibility and collective action that build adaptive capacity but can also promote conservative attitudes and limit uptake of new information and practices.
The Role of Gender in Suicidal Ideation among Long-term Opioid Users
Authors: Marchand Kirsten , Palis Heather , Fikowski Jill , Harrison Scott , Spittal Patricia , Schechter Martin T. , Oviedo-Joekes Eugenia 
Published: May 2017

Objective: This study aims to examine factors associated with suicidal ideation among people with opioid dependence and to explore whether these factors are gender-specific. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected among long-term opioid-dependent individuals ( n = 176; 46.0% women). Lifetime histories of suicidal ideation were measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and additional data were collected regarding sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, health, and adverse life events. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the relationships between these variables and suicidal ideation for the full study sample and separately for women and men to explore the potential role of gender. Results: A total of 43.8% ( n = 77) of participants reported a lifetime history of suicidal ideation. Among those with suicidal ideation, 49.3% were women and the overall average age of first ideation was 19.82 years (SD, 11.66 years). Results from multivariable analyses showed that a history of depression, anxiety, and childhood emotional neglect and the number of lifetime traumatic events were significantly associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation. The gender-based analysis suggested that histories of depression and anxiety remained independently associated with lifetime suicidal ideation among women, whereas for men, childhood emotional neglect and the number of lifetime potentially traumatic events were independently associated with lifetime suicidal ideation. Conclusions: This study offers a critical first step to understanding factors associated with suicidal ideation among long-term opioid-dependent men and women and the potential importance of gender-sensitive approaches for suicidal behavior interventions. These data inform further research and clinical opportunities aiming to better respond to the psychological health needs of this population.
Spinal cord atrophy as a primary outcome measure in phase II trials of progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cawley Niamh , Tur Carmen , Prados Ferran , Plantone Domenico , Kearney Hugh , Abdel-Aziz Khaled , Ourselin Sebastian , Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia AM Gandini , Miller David H , Thompson Alan J , Ciccarelli Olga 
Published: May 2017

Objectives: To measure the development of spinal cord (SC) atrophy over 1 year in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) and determine the sample sizes required to demonstrate a reduction in spinal cord cross-sectional area (SC-CSA) as an outcome measure in clinical trials. Methods: In total, 44 PMS patients (26 primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), 18 secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS)) and 29 healthy controls (HCs) were studied at baseline and 12 months. SC-CSA was measured using the three-dimensional (3D) fast field echo sequences acquired at 3T and the active surface model. Multiple linear regressions were used to investigate changes in imaging measurements. Results: PPMS patients had shorter disease duration, lower Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and larger SC-CSA than SPMS patients. All patients together showed a significantly greater decrease in percentage SC-CSA change than HCs, which was driven by the PPMS. All patients deteriorated over 1 year, but no association was found between percentage SC-CSA change and clinical changes. The sample size per arm required to detect a 50% treatment effect over 1 year, at 80% power, was 57 for PPMS and 546 for SPMS. Conclusion: SC-CSA may become an outcome measure in trials of PPMS patients, when they are at an early stage of the disease, have moderate disability and modest SC atrophy.
Treatment Strategies for Paradoxical Hypertension Following Surgical Correction of Coarctation of the Aorta in Children
Authors: Roeleveld Peter P. , Zwijsen Eline G. 
Published: May 2017

Background: Paradoxical hypertension after repair of coarctation of the aorta is a well-known phenomenon. The pathogenesis involves the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (first phase) and renin–angiotensin system (second phase). Only a limited number of different treatment strategies have been published in the literature, without any comparative studies. Methods: Our aim was to describe the current international practice variation surrounding pharmacological treatment currently being employed to treat paradoxical hypertension following the repair of coarctation of the aorta in children. We performed an online survey among 197 members of the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society. We also conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding the treatment of paradoxical hypertension. Results: Eighty-eight people (45%), from 62 different centers, responded and answered the questions regarding blood pressure control. Nitroprusside is the first drug of choice for initial blood pressure control in 66% of respondents, esmolol in 11%, labetalol in 11%, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are used by 3% of respondents. For oral blood pressure control after discharge from the pediatric intensive care unit, 75% of respondents use ACEIs, 18% use labetalol, and 12% use other beta-blockers (propranolol, carvedilol, atenolol, metoprolol). The systematic review identified 14 articles reporting pharmacological treatment of direct postoperative hypertension following coarctation repair. Conclusion: There is wide practice variability, due to the lack of sufficient compelling evidence. The majority (66%) of caregivers use nitroprusside to control blood pressure in the acute postoperative phase. The ACEIs are the drug of choice for chronic blood pressure control.
Outcomes and Prognostic Factors for Adult Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Primary or Reoperative Systemic Atrioventricular Valve Surgery
Authors: Stephens Elizabeth H. , Han Jiho , Ginns Jonathan , Rosenbaum Marlon , Chai Paul , Bacha Emile , Kalfa David 
Published: May 2017

Background: Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) undergoing systemic atrioventricular valve (SAVV) surgery are a complex, understudied population. We assessed midterm outcomes and prognostic factors in ACHD undergoing SAVV surgery. Methods: We performed retrospective evaluation of ACHD undergoing SAVV surgery from January 2005 to February 2016: 14 (33%) patients with congenital mitral valve stenosis/regurgitation, 15 (35%) with atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), and 14 (33%) with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) with systemic tricuspid valve regurgitation. Adverse events were defined as mortality, reoperation on SAVV, and late more-than-moderate (> moderate) SAVV regurgitation. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test and one-way analysis of variance as well as univariate and multivariate risk factor analysis. Results: Fifteen (35%) patients had preoperative systemic ventricular dysfunction, including 13 patients with ccTGA (93%, P < .001). Twenty-three (54%) patients underwent valve repair, 20 (47%) patients underwent replacement, and 20 (47%) patients underwent an associated procedure. Replacement was higher in patients with ccTGA (86%) than the other groups ( P < 0.01). Thirty-seven patients (91% of survivors) were free of significant SAVV regurgitation at last follow-up, with patients with AVSD having greater regurgitation grades compared to the other groups ( P < 0.01). In-hospital mortality, late mortality, late > moderate SAVV regurgitation, and SAVV reoperation rates were 5% (n = 2), 2% (n = 1), 9% (n = 3), and 7% (n = 3), respectively. On multivariate analysis, predischarge SAVV regurgitation grade was the only significant predictor of adverse events (odds ratio = 8.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-63.8, P = .045). Conclusion: Overall outcomes in this challenging population are good. The single factor associated with adverse events was predischarge SAVV regurgitation grade.
An interpersonal sketch of the biblical Hebrew clause
Authors: Racher Eric T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to describe the Biblical Hebrew clause as a locus of interpersonal meanings from a systemic functional perspective. Although systemic functional linguistics has been applied to the description of an increasing number of languages in recent years, systemic functional accounts of Semitic languages remain limited in number. This paper brings together work on the English MOOD system and systemic functional typological literature, applying them to the development of a partial description of one aspect of the lexicogrammar of Biblical Hebrew. In this paper the realization of interpersonal meanings is explored through analysis of dialogic interaction in the Biblical text, showing how the MOOD system realizes speech functions and outlining a preliminary system network for Biblical Hebrew MOOD, with particular emphasis on the systemic potential of MOOD TYPE. The mood structure is also analyzed from below, and the elements salient to the negotiation of meanings in interaction are presented individually and their relevance to the realization of interpersonal meanings is explored.
Can common finishing treatments used in chef jacket fabrics improve protection against scald injury?
Authors: Devarajan Sushmitha , McQueen Rachel H. , Wen ShuQin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChefs and other food preparation workers are at a high risk of scald injuries from hot liquids. Chefs’ clothing has the potential to act as a protective barrier between the skin and the thermal hazard. Although, impermeable barriers coupled with an insulating layer of fabric tend to offer the greatest protection against hot liquid penetration, the potential for heat strain and discomfort to workers may make them impractical in the kitchen environment. This study examined the effects of common finishing treatments used in chef jacket fabrics and the impact of layers on the protection offered against hot water burn injuries. The Teflon®treated fabrics offering combined stain and water repellency, provided the greatest protection with the lowest absorbed energy and longest times to second degree burn injury compared with the other finishes (i.e., regular, water repellent and soil release). Findings also showed that in most cases, increasing the number of layers improved protection provided by the fabric systems, with the Teflon®finished fabrics providing the highest protection against scald injuries as fabric layers increased.
Detection of Chromosomal Translocation in Hematologic Malignancies by a Novel DNA-Based Looped Ligation Assay (LOLA)
Authors: Harada Shuko , Sizzle Emily , Lin Ming-Tseh , Gocke Christopher D 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDisease-defining chromosomal translocations are seen in various neoplasms, especially in lymphomas and leukemias. Translocation detection at the DNA level is often complicated by chromosomal breakpoints that are distributed over very large regions. We have developed a ligation-based assay [the looped ligation assay (LOLA)] to detect translocations from diseases with multiple widely spaced breakpoint hot spots.METHODSOligonucleotide sets that probe breakpoints of IGH-BCL2 (immunoglobulin heavy–apoptosis regulator) in follicular lymphoma (FL), MYC-IGH (MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor–immunoglobulin heavy) in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and BCR-ABL1 (RhoGEF and GTPase activating protein–ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase) in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were designed. DNA from cell lines with these translocations was mixed with oligonucleotides in a single-step ligation reaction followed by PCR amplification. Detection was by capillary electrophoresis. We also tested peripheral blood from 16 CML patients and frozen tissue from 17 FL cases, and the results were compared to reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (CML) or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and δ-PCR (FL).RESULTSLOLA produced signals of the expected sizes for the cell lines. Normal control DNA yielded no signals. A dilution series yielded translocation-specific peaks at dilutions as low as 1%. Signal intensity was log linear to the DNA concentration (R2 = 0.94). Furthermore, we were able to detect a LOLA peak in DNA from 53.3% of FL patients and 87.5% of CML patients. The concordance between LOLA, FISH, and δ-PCR in FL was also excellent.CONCLUSIONSOur results indicate that LOLA is a simple method that is useful for DNA-based detection of translocations in challenging situations, particularly where the breakpoints are not tightly clustered. The assay also has the added benefit of permitting rapid mapping of the breakpoints.
An Initiative to Improve the Quality of Care of Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Grossman Matthew R. , Berkwitt Adam K. , Osborn Rachel R. , Xu Yaqing , Esserman Denise A. , Shapiro Eugene D. , Bizzarro Matthew J. 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), a constellation of neurologic, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal disturbances associated with opioid withdrawal, has increased dramatically and is associated with long hospital stays. At our institution, the average length of stay (ALOS) for infants exposed to methadone in utero was 22.4 days before the start of our project. We aimed to reduce ALOS for infants with NAS by 50%.

METHODS:
In 2010, a multidisciplinary team began several plan-do-study-act cycles at Yale New Haven Children’s Hospital. Key interventions included standardization of nonpharmacologic care coupled with an empowering message to parents, development of a novel approach to assessment, administration of morphine on an as-needed basis, and transfer of infants directly to the inpatient unit, bypassing the NICU. The outcome measures included ALOS, morphine use, and hospital costs using statistical process control charts.

RESULTS:
There were 287 infants in our project, including 55 from the baseline period (January 2008 to February 2010) and 44 from the postimplementation period (May 2015 to June 2016). ALOS decreased from 22.4 to 5.9 days. Proportions of methadone-exposed infants treated with morphine decreased from 98% to 14%; costs decreased from $44 824 to $10 289. No infants were readmitted for treatment of NAS and no adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSIONS:
Interventions focused on nonpharmacologic therapies and a simplified approach to assessment for infants exposed to methadone in utero led to both substantial and sustained decreases in ALOS, the proportion of infants treated with morphine, and hospital costs with no adverse events.
La discapacidad en relación con la educación, la justicia social y la calidad de vida
Authors: Rodríguez de Salazar Nahir 
Published: May 2017

La experiencia de incluir a la educación personas con discapacidad, en especial al sistema universitario,revela un proceso bastante complejo producto de una serie de factores que, de una u otra forma, evidencian la ausencia de pensamiento, políticas y estructuras sociales dispuestas para favorecer el pleno desarrollo humano y la calidad de vida de los miembros de la sociedad. Este artículo presenta algunas ideas objeto de análisis, debate y reflexión que permita, desde otras aristas, considerar la complejidad de los procesos de los procesos de inclusión.
Cartografía de los saberes y prácticas de la educación infantil femenina en Colombia: finales del siglo XIX, comienzos del siglo XX
Authors: León Palencia Ana Cristina 
Published: May 2017

El artículo traza una cartografía de la educación de la infancia femenina en Colombia, entre finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX. En ella se definen cinco ele-mentos que combinados determinaron lo que significó ‘ser niña’ en el país: educación física, educación moral, educación intelectual, educación estética y economía doméstica. Ese paisaje fue el escenario y el producto de un conjunto de prácticas y saberes que tuvieron que ver con el gobierno de sí misma y de los otros, pues la niña sería germen de lo femenino, de la mujer que cumpliría con su papel social como madre y esposa. Palabras claveEducación femenina, gobierno, niña, infancia, saberes.
EL CONOCIMIENTO DIDÁCTICO SOBRE LA CÉLULA Y EL ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO DE LAS PROPUESTA (ORIENTACIONES) DE ENSEÑANZA DE DOS PROFESIONALES DEL ÁREA BIOLÓGICA QUE EJERCEN EN LA EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA
Authors: Yañez Oliva Ruth , Tapia Salazar Gustavo 
Published: May 2017

La enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación de la ciencia que se enseña para su aprendizaje, es, de permanente interés. De la misma forma lo es, el análisis crítico que se debiera realizar sobre el hacer dentro de un contexto y el conocimento –profesional- que declara y explicita el profesorado en la enseñanza y evaluación para el aprendizaje resultando de interés explorar, el conocimiento didáctico y su análisis crítico a la hora de intencionar y proponer u orientar la enseñanza. El objetivo de este trabajo es: Caracterizar el conocimiento didáctico, desde una mirada crítica de las orientaciones de la enseñanza de profesionales del área biológica, sin formación pedagógica, que ejercen -como profesores- en la educación secundaria través de un cuestionario CoRe aplicado a los profesores. y la propuesta (test) de razonamiento de Paul y Elder (1997). Los resultados revelan que los propósitos de enseñanza y aprendizaje que declaran estos profesores son lograr la comprensión de la célula y el desarrollo de habilidades científicas. No obstante, éstos no consideran la naturaleza evolutiva del conocimiento científico. Ni tampoco es posible identificar con exactitud los elementos del razonamiento que siguen los profesores para orientar la enseñanza.
CUANDO LOS DOCENTES SE CONVIERTEN EN AUTORES DE TEXTO
Authors: Caríssimo Maria Sol , Giordano Maria Inés 
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo relata una experiencia realizada por diferentes docentes como capacitación permanente. En el marco de "escribir textos de ciencias para el nivel terciario", se nos brindó la posibilidad de aprender a escribir ciencias, en el mas amplio sentido de la frase. Para llevar a cabo esta tarea y ver finalizada la obra, pasamos 1 año y varios meses trabajando en grupo, investigando, leyendo, escribiendo, releyéndonos y reescribiendo. El aporte de esta experiencia es inmensurable, sobre todo si de estrategias de enseñanza e investigación se trata. La producción de textos resulta sumamente rica por la cantidad de relaciones que por ella se traman, la génesis constante entre colegas, eruditos acompañantes, nivel de lectura, tipos de textos leídos (muchísimos para la enseñanza de la escritura, además de los científicos) y lo que todo esto deposita en el educador/autor. Los docentes que participamos del mismo, concluimos que la capacidad de brindar las clases específicas, su calidad, utilizando nuevos y mejores métodos de enseñanza aprendizaje es superior a las dictadas previamente; fuimos capaces de reconocer el transe en el proceso de E-A durante el periodo que llevamos a cabo la escritura; pudimos autoevaluarnos, ser críticos de nuestra propia labor, planificando un cómo mucho mejor.