bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Elaboration of Aminodiols Towards Small Ring α‐ and β‐Amino Acid Derivatives that Incorporate an Aziridine, Azetidine, or Epoxide Scaffold.
Authors: Semina Elena , Zukauskaite Asta , Sackus Algirdas , De Kimpe Norbert , Mangelinckx Sven 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe osmium‐catalyzed dihydroxylation of aminomethylacrylates (I) affords functionalized diols of type (II) which are elaborated to yield 2‐(aminomethyl)oxirane‐2‐carboxylates, aziridine‐2‐carboxylates, and azetidine‐3‐carboxylates.
Entwicklung eines skalierbaren Brenners zum Betrieb mit reinem Wasserstoff
Authors: Peña Jorge Luis Juárez , Dischinger Norbert , Keim Ernst , te Nijenhuis Jan Willen , Volkert Jochen , Müller Karsten 
Published: July 2016

AbstractVerschiedene vormischende Brenner wurden für den Betrieb mit reinem Wasserstoff theoretisch und experimentell untersucht. Für die Auslegung wurden Berechnungen der Péclet‐Zahl durchgeführt. Die untersuchten Austrittsquerschnitte bei unterschiedlichen Vorwärmungstemperaturen des Gasgemischs und stöchiometrischer Mischung erwiesen sich als unterkritisch. Es konnte ein flammenrückschlagsfreier Betrieb des Brenners für eine Anströmgeschwindigkeit der Gasmischung von größer 12 m s−1 nachgewiesen werden. Der vormischende Brenner für reinen Wasserstoff zeigte eine stabile Verbrennung im Betrieb.
5‐hydroxymethylcytosine marks postmitotic neural cells in the adult and developing vertebrate central nervous system
Authors: Diotel Nicolas , Mérot Yohann , Coumailleau Pascal , Gueguen Marie‐Madeleine , Sérandour Aurélien A. , Salbert Gilles , Kah Olivier 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe epigenetic mark 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a cytosine modification that is abundant in the central nervous system of mammals and which results from 5‐methylcytosine oxidation by TET enzymes. Such a mark is suggested to play key roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. However, its precise functions still remain poorly understood and information about its distribution in non‐mammalian species is still lacking. Here, the distribution of 5hmC was investigated in the brain of adult zebrafish, African claw frog, and mouse in a comparative manner. We show that zebrafish neurons are endowed with high levels of 5hmC, whereas quiescent or proliferative neural progenitors show low to undetectable levels of the modified cytosine. In the brain of larval and juvenile Xenopus, 5hmC is also detected in neurons, while ventricular proliferative cells do not display this epigenetic mark. Similarly, 5hmC is enriched in neurons compared to neural progenitors of the ventricular zone in the mouse developing cortex. Interestingly, 5hmC colocalized with the methylated DNA binding protein MeCP2 and with the active chromatin histone modification H3K4me2 in mouse neurons. Taken together, our results show an evolutionarily conserved cerebral distribution of 5hmC between fish and tetrapods and reinforce the idea that 5hmC fulfills major functions in the control of chromatin activity in vertebrate neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:478–497, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of Interfacial Charge‐Transfer Photoexcitation of Polychromium‐Oxo‐Electrodeposited TiO2 as an Earth‐Abundant Photoanode for Water Oxidation Driven by Visible Light
Authors: Chandra Debraj , Tsuriya Ryougen , Sato Tsubasa , Takama Daisuke , Abe Naoto , Kajita Masashi , Li Dong , Togashi Takanari , Kurihara Masato , Saito Kenji , Yui Tatsuto , Yagi Masayuki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPolychromium‐oxo‐deposited TiO2 (CrIIIxOy/TiO2) electrodes were fabricated by a simple electrochemical technique by using different TiO2 basal electrodes (anatase, rutile, and mixed polymorphic phases P25) as earth‐abundant photoanodes for visible‐light‐driven water oxidation. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) observation illustrated that an CrIIIxOy layer with approximately 2–3 nm thickness was formed on the surface of the crystalline TiO2 particles. Upon visible‐light irradiation of the electrodes, the photoanodic current based on water oxidation was generated at the CrIIIxOy/TiO2 electrodes. However, the wavelength (below 620 nm) for photocurrent generation at CrIIIxOy/TiO2‐rutile was longer than that (below 560 nm) at CrIIIxOy/TiO2‐P25 by 60 nm, which is in agreement with the difference (0.2 eV) in the conduction band (CB) edge energy between rutile and anatase TiO2. This gives a quantitative account for the photocurrent generation based on interfacial charge transfer (IFCT) from Cr 3d of the deposited CrIIIxOy layer to the TiO2 CB. The photocurrent generated for CrIIIxOy/TiO2‐rutile was higher than that for CrIIIxOy/TiO2‐anatase, which is ascribed to 1) more effective CrIIIxOy deposition on the rutile particles, 2) a larger electrolyte/CrIIIxOy interface for water oxidation as a result of smaller rutile particles (ca. 30–40 nm) compared with larger P25 particles (ca. 40–80 nm), and 3) more effective use of visible light owing to the low energy IFCT transition of rutile.
Low Cytotoxic Metal–Organic Frameworks as Temperature‐Responsive Drug Carriers
Authors: Lin Wenxin , Hu Quan , Yu Jiancan , Jiang Ke , Yang Yanyu , Xiang Shengchang , Cui Yuanjing , Yang Yu , Wang Zhiyu , Qian Guodong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Guodong Qian from Zhejiang University, China. The cover picture shows low cytotoxic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) used as drug carriers, whose drug release behavior can be tuned by controlling the temperature. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201600142.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Cross‐Linking Strategy of a Quercetin‐Based Epoxidized Monomer as a Naturally‐Derived Replacement for BPA in Epoxy Resins
Authors: Kristufek Samantha L. , Yang Guozhen , Link Lauren A. , Rohde Brian J. , Robertson Megan L. , Wooley Karen L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe natural polyphenolic compound quercetin was functionalized and cross‐linked to afford a robust epoxy network. Quercetin was selectively methylated and functionalized with glycidyl ether moieties using a microwave‐assisted reaction on a gram scale to afford the desired monomer (Q). This quercetin‐derived monomer was treated with nadic methyl anhydride (NMA) to obtain a cross‐linked network (Q‐NMA). The thermal and mechanical properties of this naturally derived network were compared to those of a conventional diglycidyl ether bisphenol A‐derived counterpart (DGEBA‐NMA). Q‐NMA had similar thermal properties [i.e., glass transition (Tg) and decomposition (Td) temperatures] and comparable mechanical properties (i.e., Young's Modulus, storage modulus) to that of DGEBA‐NMA. However, it had a lower tensile strength and higher flexural modulus at elevated temperatures. The application of naturally derived, sustainable compounds for the replacement of commercially available petrochemical‐based epoxies is of great interest to reduce the environmental impact of these materials. Q‐NMA is an attractive candidate for the replacement of bisphenol A‐based epoxies in various specialty engineering applications.
A Method of Peculiarity Factor Approximation Using Vector Quantization Model
Authors: SAITOH FUMIAKI , ISHIZU SYOHEI 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe purpose of this research is to reduce the computational complexity of the peculiarity factor (PF). Recently, PF has been adopted as the index for anomaly data detection, and it is widely used in various mining scenes. The fact that PF has become a powerful mining tool is positive because its calculation method is extremely simple and the results of the calculation are easy to understand visually. One of the most important problems for using PF for large‐scale data is the rapidly increasing computational complexity required when the data volume increases. The computational complexity of PF is in the polynomial order because the PF of each data is calculated distantly over all the data. In this study, we propose an approximation methodology for PF for computational reduction and for enhanced robustness using the vector quantization model. Approximate values of PF are calculated by replacing the actual data with the nodes of vector quantization model. By calculating PF based on the vector quantization node vectors, we achieve restraint in the increasing computational complexity.
Radio Frequency Field Dependence of Microwave‐Assisted Switching Behaviors of Co/Pt Nanodots
Authors: FURUTA MASAKI , OKAMOTO SATOSHI , KIKUCHI NOBUAKI , KITAKAMI OSAMU , SHIMATSU TAKEHITO 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYMicrowave‐assisted magnetization switching (MAS) has been expected as one of the prominent future ultra‐high‐density magnetic recording technologies. In this paper, we have studied the radio frequency (RF) field dependence of the switching behavior of Co/Pt nanodot arrays with various dot diameters. While the critical frequency increases and the minimum switching field decreases with increasing the RF field, MAS behavior critically depends on the dot size. For small dots less than 130 nm in diameter, the critical frequency and the minimum switching field exhibit linear variation with the RF field. On the other hand, for the larger dots (dot diameter ≥ 230 nm), they exhibit not only profound MAS effect but also obvious change in the behavior at a certain RF field. These changes of MAS behaviors are explained as a consequence of the change of magnetization precession mode. On the other hand, the dispersions of MAS effect exhibit no remarkable variation on the RF field.
Electrical Cable‐based Copper Disk Electrodes as Oxidase Biosensor Platforms with Cathodic H2O2 Readout
Authors: Jaikaew Wajee , Patanakul Rungrueang , Schulte Albert 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report the first utilization of copper disk electrodes as suitable cathodic transducer platforms for glucose biosensors. Simple and cheap Cu disk electrodes were fabricated from ordinary electrical cable by cementing into a glass tube with epoxy resin and subsequent polishing to expose the active area. Glucose oxidase was immobilized on the electrode tips by entrapment in dropped and dried polymeric Nafion deposits. At a H2O2 detection potential of −0.15 V vs. a reference electrode, the linear response range of fabricated cable Cu glucose biosensors was 20–1500 µM, with a sensitivity of about 700 nA µM−1 cm−2. Quantitative analysis of glucose‐supplemented buffer solutions showed a recovery of 106±4 % (n=3). The principal advantage of the glucose biosensors described in this study, compared to other options, is the simplicity of the cathodic H2O2 readout, which exploits cheap and readily available electrical cable, without any extra surface modification with catalytically active micro‐ or nanomaterials. The analytical performance of the biosensor is competitive and suggests potential applications in routine glucose testing, in particular in academic teaching and research laboratories. The work is also a starting point for transfer of the methodology from simple cable Cu electrodes to arrays of miniaturized Cu sensors, using a combination of microlithography, electroforming and molding (LIGA).
Self‐adjustment in rivers: Evidence for least action as the primary control of alluvial‐channel form and process
Authors: Nanson Gerald C. , Huang He Qing 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLeast action principle (LAP) in rivers is demonstrated by maximum flow efficiency (MFE) and is the foundation of variational mechanics based on energy and work rather than Newtonian force and momentum. Empirical evidence shows it to be the primary control for the adjustment of alluvial channels. Because most rivers flow with imposed water and sediment loads down valley gradients they have largely inherited, they self‐regulate energy expenditure to match the work they are required to do to remain stable. Overpowered systems develop a variety of channel patterns to expend excess energy and remain stable. Australia offers an opportunity to study low‐energy rivers closely adjusted to very low continental gradients. The anabranching Marshall and single‐thread Plenty Rivers flow down nearly straight channels with average H numbers [ratio between excess bed shear and width/depth (W/D) ratio] close to the optimum of 0.3 for stationary equilibrium. Ridge‐form divisions of the original channel width create anabranches that radically alter W/D ratios relative to bed shear, the same being true for short‐wide islands on the large low‐gradient Yangtze River in China. In contrast, Mount Chambers Creek in Australia's tectonically more active Flinders Ranges is accreting an alluvial fan with unstable distributary channels exhibiting H numbers well below the optimum. LAP also explains profound biases in Earth's stratigraphic record. Because meandering is an energy‐shedding mechanism, sinuous rivers sequester relatively little sediment resulting in all sequences being just a few tens of metres thick. In contrast, low‐energy braided disequilibrium systems can sequester sediment piles over a kilometre in thickness and tens of kilometres wide. LAP provides a new paradigm for river research by identifying the attractor state controlling river channel evolution. It links advances in theoretical physics to fluvial geomorphology, stratigraphy and hydraulic engineering and opens opportunities for diverse investigations in Earth system science. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implications of fluoroquinolone contamination for the aquatic environment—A review
Authors: Janecko Nicol , Pokludova Lucie , Blahova Jana , Svobodova Zdenka , Literak Ivan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Until recently, the behaviors of antibiotics and their ecotoxicological impact have been overlooked in the environment. The topic is broad and encompasses a wide range of organisms including microorganisms, algae, invertebrates, and vertebrates inhabiting various aquatic ecosystems. Changing the equilibrium of any 1 component in such systems disrupts the balance of the whole system. The manufacturing and frequent use of fluoroquinolones in human and animal medicine raises great concern over the increase of antibiotic resistance prevalence in microorganisms; however, in addition, the fate of antibiotic parent and metabolite compounds entering environmental ecosystems through various pathways raises environmental impact concerns. Research has focused on the concentration of antibiotics present in environmental samples and the acute toxicity to organisms by way of animal assessment models; however, it remains unclear what role low-level chronic exposure plays in ecotoxicological effects on lifeforms in aquatic environments. The aim of the present review was to assess the levels of fluorquinolone use in animal and human medicine, to determine the pathways of dissemination, and to highlight the ecotoxicological implications in freshwater environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2647–2656. © 2016 SETAC
Characterization of quality of sediments from Paranaguá Bay (Brazil) by combined in vitro bioassays and chemical analyses
Authors: Rizzi Juliane , Pérez-Albaladejo Elisabet , Fernandes Denise , Contreras Javier , Froehner Sandro , Porte Cinta 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

The present study characterizes the quality of sediments from the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (South Brazil). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in sediment samples together with a series of different in vitro bioassays. The fish hepatoma cell line (PLHC-1) was used to determine the presence of cytotoxic compounds and CYP1A- and oxidative stress-inducing agents in sediment extracts. Ovarian microsomal fractions from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were used to detect the presence of endocrine disrupters that interfered with the synthesis of estrogens (ovarian CYP19). Despite the relatively low levels of pollutants and no evidence of negative effects based on guideline levels, sediments collected close to harbors were enriched with CYP1A-inducing agents and they showed higher cytotoxicity. In contrast, sediments from internal areas inhibited CYP19 activity, which suggests the presence of endocrine disrupters at these sites. Overall, the selected bioassays and the chemistry data led to the identification of potentially impacted areas along the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex that would require further action to improve their environmental quality. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1811–1819. © 2016 SETAC
The Earthscope US transportable array 1 Hz surface pressure dataset
Authors: Jacques Alexander A. , Horel John D. , Crosman Erik T. , Vernon Frank , Tytell Jonathan 
Published: July 2016

A unique set of high temporal frequency surface atmospheric pressure observations have been collected and archived from a large‐scale field campaign in the geosciences. The Earthscope U.S. Transportable Array (USArray TA) consists of approximately 400 deployable surface platforms. Stations were deployed in a Cartesian‐like gridded fashion across a section of the contiguous United States for 1–2 year then retrieved and redeployed as new platforms further east. While primarily deployed for seismic measurements, platforms also recorded surface atmospheric pressure. These pressure data, collected and stored at a temporal frequency of 1 Hz, have been made available via the Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for the time period 1 Jan 2010–31 Dec 2015. The 6 years of observations contain data from over 1000 locations ranging from the central to eastern United States, as well as some platforms in Alaska and the northwest United States. Data were organized as annual station files with supplemental metadata and quality control summary files. Several web‐based interfaces are also available to rapidly explore the pressure archive. We describe the available dataset with several prominent atmospheric events shown as usage examples.
A perspective on interaction effects in genetic association studies
Authors: Aschard Hugues 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe identification of gene–gene and gene–environment interaction in human traits and diseases is an active area of research that generates high expectation, and most often lead to high disappointment. This is partly explained by a misunderstanding of the inherent characteristics of standard regression‐based interaction analyses. Here, I revisit and untangle major theoretical aspects of interaction tests in the special case of linear regression; in particular, I discuss variables coding scheme, interpretation of effect estimate, statistical power, and estimation of variance explained in regard of various hypothetical interaction patterns. Linking this components it appears first that the simplest biological interaction models—in which the magnitude of a genetic effect depends on a common exposure—are among the most difficult to identify. Second, I highlight the demerit of the current strategy to evaluate the contribution of interaction effects to the variance of quantitative outcomes and argue for the use of new approaches to overcome this issue. Finally, I explore the advantages and limitations of multivariate interaction models, when testing for interaction between multiple SNPs and/or multiple exposures, over univariate approaches. Together, these new insights can be leveraged for future method development and to improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of multifactorial traits.
A global test for gene‐gene interactions based on random matrix theory
Authors: Frost H. Robert , Amos Christopher I. , Moore Jason H. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTStatistical interactions between markers of genetic variation, or gene‐gene interactions, are believed to play an important role in the etiology of many multifactorial diseases and other complex phenotypes. Unfortunately, detecting gene‐gene interactions is extremely challenging due to the large number of potential interactions and ambiguity regarding marker coding and interaction scale. For many data sets, there is insufficient statistical power to evaluate all candidate gene‐gene interactions. In these cases, a global test for gene‐gene interactions may be the best option. Global tests have much greater power relative to multiple individual interaction tests and can be used on subsets of the markers as an initial filter prior to testing for specific interactions. In this paper, we describe a novel global test for gene‐gene interactions, the global epistasis test (GET), that is based on results from random matrix theory. As we show via simulation studies based on previously proposed models for common diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and breast cancer, our proposed GET method has superior performance characteristics relative to existing global gene‐gene interaction tests. A glaucoma GWAS data set is used to demonstrate the practical utility of the GET method.
Laboratory evaluation of distributed coaxial cable temperature sensors for application in CO2 sequestration well characterization
Authors: Li Yurong , Zhu Wenge , Cheng Baokai , Nygaard Runar , Xiao Hai 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDownhole monitoring plays a crucial part in a geological carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration project, especially in providing early warnings of failure. However, most downhole monitoring technologies are often low in spatial resolution and time‐consuming, or expensive and have system longevity issues. To address this issue, a robust and cost‐effective distributed coaxial cable Fabry‐Perot interferometer‐based temperature sensor is proposed for real‐time downhole monitoring. The coaxial cable sensor (CCS) was made in house and tested using a high pressure high temperature (HPHT) testing apparatus to study the sensor accuracy, sensitivity, stability, and crosstalk effect in simulated downhole conditions. The laboratory test results indicate that the sensor can work under simulated downhole conditions of pressures up to 1000 psia and temperatures up to 110°C. At 1 ATM, the sensor has an accuracy of about 1%. At 1000 psia, the hysteresis phenomenon is observed, but it is reduced and tends to stabilize after repeated heating and cooling treatments. The pressure crosstalk effect was observed on the flexible cable sensor and minimized on the rigid cable sensor. The temperature and pressure range of the distributed CCS allows long‐term in situ monitoring for a well depth up to 2500 feet, which would prove of great value in detecting temperature change associated with wellbore leakage that may lead to groundwater contamination. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd