bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
التنظيم القانوني لعقود البناء والتصاميم (دراسة في التشريع الجزائري)
Authors: لحرش دنيازاد , فريدة العربي 
Published: October 2024

يسلِطُ هذا البحث الضوء على نوع من أنواع البيوع العقارية، التي تطرح تخطيط وتنظيم مسبق للمجال الحضري العقاري، بحيث يكون هذا النوع من البيوع بداية بناءً على المخططات والتصاميم المسبقة للعقار محل البيع، وتثور إشكالية قانون التعمير في تسيير المحفظة العقارية وهذا من أجل بلوغ شروط نوعية لإنشاء مدن ذات معايير عالمية تتوفر على جل الإمكانات والوسائل العامة، وبيان الإطار المادي المحدد للتعمير وإبراز أهمية قانون التعمير الذي يحدد الإطار القانون والتنظيمي له، فهو يهدف إلى تحديد القواعد العامة من أجل تنظيم المباني وفق المتطلبات لشاغليها وهذا من أجل التوازن ما بين البناء والمتطلبات العامة للزبون، وهذا مع احترام مبادئ وأهداف السياسة الوطنية للتهيئة العمرانية. وختم الباحث جملة من النتائج وصولاً إلى توصيات للدولة في إنتاج وهيكلة المجال الحضري، وذلك بفتح آفاق جديدة لهذا النوع من البيوع وذلك بحمايتها بكل أشكال الضمان التي تحمي البائع والمشتري في آن واحد، وتزويدها بمختلف التجهيزات والمرافق الضرورية.
Mental disorders in Greenland. Past and present
Authors: Lynge Inge 
Published: October 2024

There are mental disorders in all societies, but the forms they assume and the courses they take are influenced by living conditions. The modernization of Greenland has had a profound influence on the lives of both individuals and families. The key to the understanding of many present-day phenomena is to be found in the past, or perhaps rather in the way in which traditional and modern ways of life are interwoven. For that reason, the book starts with an account of the traditional Eskimo way of life, the meeting with European culture and the social developments after the Second World War as seen from a psychiatrist's point of view.
Then follows a descriptive and analytical follow-up study of all Greenlandic patients of 15 and over who were admitted for the first time to a psychiatric hospital or ward between 1980 and 1984. These encompass 289 patients in all, 139 men and 150 women, corresponding to an annual rate of 230 men per I 00,000 and 260 women per 100,000 aged 15 years and above. There were most men in the age group 20-24 years and most women in the age group 25-34 years. The most common causes of admission to hospital were suicidal or violent behaviour. Especially the youngest patients had grown up with problematic backgrounds, and of all age groups were those showing most signs of personality disturbances.
24 men and 13 women were diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia - an annual rate of 41 men and 22 women per I 00,000 aged 15 years or more. The average age for both sexes was 22. The low age on first admission to hospital and the high ratio of men to women are similar to the situation in developing countries, while the both clinically and socially serious course taken by the condition follows the pattern in industrialized countries.
In a follow-up seven years later, the men had been in hospital for an average of 161 days and the women 98 days. 29 men and 20 women had died by the time of the follow-up study, of these 12 men and four women by suicide. Of those still alive at the time of the follow-up study, a third of the men and a quarter of the women showed no sign of mental illness. 15% of the men and I 0% of the women were chronic patients whose health was seriously undermined.
19% of the men and 6% of the women were guilty of serious crimes against the person. The forensic problems are dealt with separately.
A comparative manual of affixes for the Inuit dialects of Greenland, Canada, and Alaska
Authors: Fortescue Michael 
Published: October 2024

The information gathered in the present work is aimed at use both by students of the Eskimo languages and by Inuit speakers wishing to comprehend and communicate more directly with speakers of dialects other than their own. Productive affixes for fourteen dialect areas from East Greenland to North Alaska are presented for the first time in one place and in common orthographical form. These morphological elements, often difficult to isolate and subject to continual innovation within individual dialects, represent one of the most problematic areas for mutual comprehension.Particular emphasis has been placed on divergences from Central West Greenlandic in three other cardinal dialects, namely Tarramiut for the eastern Canadian Arctic, Copper for the western Canadian Arctic (where the author carried out field work in the summer of 1980), and North Slope Iriupiaq for Alaska. For each of these dialects comprehensive lists containing morphophonemic information and English glosses are arranged in parallel columns according to twenty-six easily comparable semantic groups. Divergences from the main lists for the remaining ten dialects are presented in alphabetical lists. The introductory sections describe the phonological correspondences between the dialects (plus important grammatical differences) and explain how the book can be used in practical terms. To this end a translation into West Greenlandic is included. Linguistic isogloss maps and examples of usage of affixes with no direct equivalent in West Greenlandic are supplied, as is a short sample text for each dialect treated (with English glosses). Further, there is included an overview of the various orthographic systems to be encountered for material in Canada and Alaska, an essay on successive affix ordering, and, for the sake of comparison, a similarly organized list of affixes for Central Alaskan Yupik.
Kalaallit inngerutaannik nipilersortarnerannillu immikkoortiterineq. Klassifikation af traditionel grønlandsk musik. Classification of traditional Greenland music
Authors: Hauser Michael , Petersen H. C. 
Published: October 2024

This classification of traditional Greenland music is based on a copious source material and on the authors' dealing with the subject for many years. The classification includes eleven main groups and their subdivisions into various categories. Ten of the groups deal with traditional Greenland music, and one group concerns acquired Euro-American music. The most religious-ritual groups and categories have been placed first. For each category brief information is given about usage and performance.
The introduction brings a survey of the history of traditional Greenland music, and its past and present importance to the society. An elaborate bibliography has been included. The classification is presented trilingually, in Greenlandic, Danish, and English.
Pedagogical education of parents in the USSR (ser. 1950s - 1980s): author's approaches and party work
Authors: Chik Sergey 
Published: October 2024

The subject of the research is the study of the pedagogical education of parents in the USSR (ser. 1950s – 1980s). It is argued that the author's approaches and party work coexisted in the pedagogical education of parents. The author's approaches were based on a humanistic attitude towards parents and partial independence from the state and ideology. Party work with parents was dictated by the state and determined by communist ideology. Historical and pedagogical analysis makes it possible to detect positive and negative moments of the past, to identify significant aspects for modern practices. The author's approaches and party work are analyzed in detail. The author's works are represented by the activities of the parent university at Moscow State University (V.N. Ivanov, D.B. Elkonin, N.F. Talyzina and others), the works of L.V. Pisareva, V.A. Sukhomlinsky, S.A. Amonashvili, B.P. and L.A. Nikitins, S.L. Soloveitchik, V.E. Khrapov. Party work includes: staff training at Parents' universities, the main areas of work (the parents' committee at school and the council for family and school assistance at work). The main research methods are the study and analysis of normative legal acts in the field of education, upbringing, development of family relations, the works of teachers, psychologists, the magazine for parents "Family and School". The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the holistic practices of educating parents in the USSR are described. The liberalization of all aspects of the country's life has raised hopes, including for improving the life of the family. The pedagogical education of parents was seen as a solution to the problems of family problems. Author's approaches to educating parents appeared, while party work with parents developed at the same time. It is shown that the author's approaches address various aspects of education related to the needs and interests of parents; that the party work was conducted centrally and ignored the opinion of parents. It was characterized by formalism, boredom, petty control, alienation of parents from the education system, and devaluation of author's approaches. The professional activity of teachers was replaced by public influence, family assistance and understanding of the causes of problematic behavior of parents – public condemnation, repressive measures against parents and children.
Vectors of development of educational activities in general education institutions on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region
Authors: Glebova Lyubov' Nikolaevna 
Published: October 2024

The article considers a modern approach to the organization of educational activities in educational institutions on the example of the organization of such activities in the Nizhny Novgorod region of the Volga region. A feature of the modern education system is a high level of sensitivity to changes in the educational process: the content, forms and methods, assessing the relevance of events, responding to what is happening in the experience of actions, the evolution of teaching teams, those communities that deal with children outside school, are engaged in achieving effective educational activities. The urgency of the problem is associated with significant changes in the activities of all specialists and employees of educational institutions in Russia who participate in the educational process in one way or another. There is an urgent demand in Russian educational institutions for competent personnel in the field of education of the younger generation, which is due to the request of the state, becomes a prerequisite and one of the criteria for the effectiveness of the educational organization. The experience of training the personnel potential of the Nizhny Novgorod region (Volga Federal District, Russia) confirms the expediency of creating platforms for the exchange of experience in different areas where educational work programs are successfully implemented in the format of project educational intensive courses for specialists in the field of education and the organization of forum platforms for advisers to the director of education, classroom teachers, heads of children's public organizations and specialists of educational authorities in charge of education issues in the educational space of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The experience of training the personnel potential of the Nizhny Novgorod region (Volga Federal District, Russia) confirms the expediency of creating platforms for the exchange of experience in different areas, where educational work programs are successfully implemented in the format of project educational intensive courses for specialists in the field of education and the organization of forum sites for advisers to the director of education, classroom teachers, heads of children's public organizations and management specialists educational institutions responsible for issues of education in the educational space of the Nizhny Novgorod region.
Geo-Hydrobiology and Geoinformatics Mapping of Ethnobotany in the Gandhamardan Hills, Odisha, India
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Bohidar Sushamaraini , Padhi Sonali , Sethi K. C. , Manna Shuvamjeet , Pattnayak Sanjeeb Ku. 
Published: October 2024

Objective: The Gandhamardan Hills (GMH)range is a group of small mountains in Peninsular India in Balangir district in Odisha state in India. There is uniqueness in geology, geography, geomorphology, climatology, Hydrology, petrology, and lithology. The lithology, soil, water, geomorphology, and traditional use of plants in Ayurveda (India) have holistic medicinal/surgery. origin. Geo-hydro-biological amalgamation through Geological Information Systems (GIS) and chemical analysis is still being explored, and the present research emphasises such studies.
Methods: Data about geo-hydro-biology through grapy, geology, geomorphology, hydrology, and traditional medicinal practices are implored from literature sources, using TOPO and Q-GIS maps and ERDAS software; their analytical interpretations were reported. The chemical analysis was conducted using X-ray fluorescence spectrometric studies of the water and soil of GMH, and the exuberance of ethnobotanical species in GMH was correlated.
Results
Laboratory analysis, literature studies, and interaction with Ayurvedic and Kaviraj practitioners, 154 popular species databases with their pharmacological applications reported for ordinary people. Many species have multidimensional applications that can transform Ayurveda into Materia medica.
Conclusion: This ethnobotanical study documented the use of plants by the local community. The natural medicinal plants are cheap for the rural communities. The information gathered can be used for further scientific investigation to develop new commercial plant-based medicines as they will be safer than synthetic drugs. SDGs 1 to 3 and 12, 13, and 15 will be satisfied if we can conserve and adequately manage the hub of medicinal plants in GMH.
Low‐Altitude Emission of Energetic Neutral Atoms: Multiple Interactions and Energy Loss
Authors: LLera K. , Goldstein J. , McComas D. J. , Valek P. W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLow‐altitude emissions (LAEs) are the energetic neutral atom (ENA) signature of ring current ions precipitating along the magnetic field to an altitude of 200–800 km. This altitude region is considered to be “optically thick” because ring current ions undergo multiple charge changing interactions (MCCIs) with Earth's dense oxygen exosphere. While each interaction involves an energy loss of ~36 eV, no prior study has determined the accumulated energy lost by 1–100 keV H+ emerging as LAEs. We have developed a 2‐D model with a geomagnetic dipole that captures the net effects in energy loss and pitch angle evolution as a result of MCCIs without the computational requirements of a full Monte Carlo simulation. Dependent on the amount of latitudinal migration, the energy loss is greater than 20% for ions below 60 keV for equatorward moving particles (30 keV for poleward). Since the ENA travels ballistically across a geomagnetic dipole, upon reionization, ion velocity along the local field increases (antiparallel in the northern hemisphere). Redirecting the particle upward through MCCIs is most effective during poleward ENA motion. The net effect is to redirect precipitating ions (below 2,500 km) to eventually emerge from the optically thick region either as an ion or ENA. Precipitation is a joint ion‐neutral process, affecting both the energy and pitch angle distribution through the transverse motion of ENA segments in a converging field. For particles that enter the MCCI regime, the energy loss and evolution of the pitch angle distribution must be considered within a realistic magnetic field.
TanDEM‐X Time Series Analysis Reveals Lava Flow Volume and Effusion Rates of the 2012–2013 Tolbachik, Kamchatka Fissure Eruption
Authors: Kubanek Julia , Westerhaus Malte , Heck Bernhard 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAssessing eruption volumes is one of the major challenges in volcano research but provides valuable insights into the dynamics of an eruption and the associated hazard. One way to estimate this important parameter is the generation and differencing of digital elevation models (DEMs) acquired before, during, and after an eruption. The satellite mission TanDEM‐X enables generation of time series of DEMs using synthetic aperture radar satellite imagery. We use these data to study the 2012–2013 eruption of Tolbachik in Kamchatka. We developed a processing scheme for generation of 18 DEMs from TanDEM‐X imagery that relies on the generation of a preeruption DEM which is used to process the syneruption and posteruption data pairs. Differencing each DEM with the preeruption DEM enables mapping the lava flows and measuring lava flow volume over time and to estimate lava extrusion rates. We find a final lava flow volume of 0.53 km3 covering an area of 36 km2 by the end of the eruption. An uncertainty analysis is performed while analyzing the DEM differences in areas where no topographic change is expected, leading to an error of ±0.01 km3 for the final lava flow volume. The lava effusion was with 247.92 m3/s very high in the first days of the eruption and rapidly decayed toward its end. While many basaltic eruptions follow an exponentially decaying flow model, the extrusion rates at Tolbachik are more compatible with a 1/t model. This special characteristic might be useful to gain further insight into the eruption process at Tolbachik.
Dynamics of Surface Deformation Induced by Dikes and Cone Sheets in a Cohesive Coulomb Brittle Crust
Authors: Guldstrand F. , Burchardt S. , Hallot E. , Galland O. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe analysis of surface deformation associated with intruding magma has become an established method to study subsurface processes and intrusion architecture. Active subsurface magmatism induces deformation that is commonly modeled using static elastic models. To what extent, Coulomb failure of the crust affects surface deformation remains, so far, largely unexplored. In this contribution we present quantitative laboratory results of surface deformation induced by the emplacement of simulated dikes and cone sheets in a cohesive Coulomb material. The analysis of the experimental surface deformation shows that these intrusion types produce distinct and characteristic surface deformation signatures, which reflect the evolution of the intrusion at depth. Generally, dikes show a two‐phase evolution while cone sheets develop gradually. In comparison, cone sheets induce larger uplifted areas and volumes than dikes relative to the depth of the injection source. Dike formation is, in turn, is likely accommodated, to a larger degree than cone sheets, by lateral opening of the host consistent with our current understanding of dike emplacement mechanics. Notably, only surface uplifts develop above the experimental dikes, consistent with aviscous indenterpropagation mechanism, that is, a dike pushing ahead. The measured surface deformation patterns associated with dikes starkly contrast with established static, elastic models that predict local subsidence above the tip of a dike. This suggests that Coulomb failure of crustal rocks may considerably affect surface deformation induced by propagating igneous intrusions. This is especially relevant when a relatively high viscosity magma intrudes a weak host, such as unconsolidated sedimentary and volcaniclastic rocks.
On the Influence of Air Mass Origin on Low‐Cloud Properties in the Southeast Atlantic
Authors: Fuchs Julia , Cermak Jan , Andersen Hendrik , Hollmann Rainer , Schwarz Katharina 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of air mass origin and dynamics on cloud property changes in the Southeast Atlantic (SEA) during the biomass burning season. The understanding of clouds and their determinants at different scales is important for constraining the Earth's radiative budget and thus prominent in climate system research. In this study, the thermodynamically stable SEA stratocumulus cover is observed not only as the result of local environmental conditions but also as connected to large‐scale meteorology by the often neglected but important role of spatial origins of air masses entering this region. In order to assess to what extent cloud properties are impacted by aerosol concentration, air mass history, and meteorology, a Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory cluster analysis is conducted linking satellite observations of cloud properties (Spinning‐Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager), information on aerosol species (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate), and meteorological context (ERA‐Interim reanalysis) to air mass clusters. It is found that a characteristic pattern of air mass origins connected to distinct synoptical conditions leads to marked cloud property changes in the southern part of the study area. Long‐distance air masses are related to midlatitude weather disturbances that affect the cloud microphysics, especially in the southwestern subdomain of the study area. Changes in cloud effective radius are consistent with a boundary layer deepening and changes in lower tropospheric stability (LTS). In the southeastern subdomain cloud cover is controlled by a generally higher LTS, while air mass origin plays a minor role. This study leads to a better understanding of the dynamical drivers behind observed stratocumulus cloud properties in the SEA and frames potentially interesting conditions for aerosol‐cloud interactions.
Vertical Resolution Refinement in an Aqua‐Planet and Its Effect on the ITCZ
Authors: Retsch M. H. , Hohenegger C. , Stevens B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe General Circulation Model ECHAM is used to study the effects of three refined vertical resolutions on convection in the tropics and on the structure of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Additional vertical resolutions have 76, 134, or 192 levels, which is over four times the default resolution of 47 levels. New levels are placed in the troposphere only. The simulations are conducted on an aqua‐planet with equator symmetrical, time and zonal independent sea surface temperature, and without a yearly solar cycle. Whereas the default vertical resolution shows a double ITCZ, refining the vertical resolution yields an equatorward shift of the ITCZ. The ITCZ converges to its equatorial position with 134 levels. The sensitivity of the ITCZ to the vertical resolution is traced back first and foremost to the mixing formulation in the convection scheme. Here a higher number of vertical levels leads to a stronger mixing between the updraft and its environment by design, which favors an equatorward position of the ITCZ. Differences in the relative humidity profiles explain the remaining differences in the ITCZ location. These differences can mostly be eliminated by making clouds transparent.