bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration quantum steering, nonlocality and entanglement of two-qubit X-state in structured reservoirs
Authors: Sun Wen-Yang , Wang Dong , Shi Jia-Dong , Ye Liu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this work, there are two parties, Alice on Earth and Bob on the satellite, which initially share an entangled state, and some open problems, which emerge during quantum steering that Alice remotely steers Bob, are investigated. Our analytical results indicate that all entangled pure states and maximally entangled evolution states (EESs) are steerable, and not every entangled evolution state is steerable and some steerable states are only locally correlated. Besides, quantum steering from Alice to Bob experiences a “sudden death” with increasing decoherence strength. However, shortly after that, quantum steering experiences a recovery with the increase of decoherence strength in bit flip (BF) and phase flip (PF) channels. Interestingly, while they initially share an entangled pure state, all EESs are steerable and obey Bell nonlocality in PF and phase damping channels. In BF channels, all steerable states can violate Bell-CHSH inequality, but some EESs are unable to be employed to realize steering. However, when they initially share an entangled mixed state, the outcome is different from that of the pure state. Furthermore, the steerability of entangled mixed states is weaker than that of entangled pure states. Thereby, decoherence can induce the degradation of quantum steering, and the steerability of state is associated with the interaction between quantum systems and reservoirs.
Chloroplastic biosynthesis of melatonin and its involvement in protection of plants from salt stress
Authors: Zheng Xiaodong , Tan Dun X. , Allan Andrew C. , Zuo Bixiao , Zhao Yu , Reiter Russel J. , Wang Lin , Wang Zhi , Guo Yan , Zhou Jingzhe , Shan Dongqian , Li Qingtian , Han Zhenhai , Kong Jin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWithin the chloroplasts reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during photosynthesis and stressful conditions. Excessive ROS damages chloroplasts and reduces photosynthesis if not properly detoxified. In this current study, we document that chloroplasts produce melatonin, a recently-discovered plant antioxidant molecule. When N-acetylserotonin, a substrate for melatonin synthesis, was fed to purified chloroplasts, they produced melatonin in a dose-response manner. To further confirm this function of chloroplasts, the terminal enzyme for melatonin synthesis, N-acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase (ASMT), was cloned from apple rootstock, Malus zumi. The in vivo fluorescence observations and Western blots confirmed MzASMT9 was localized in the chloroplasts. A study of enzyme kinetics revealed that the Km and Vmax of the purified recombinant MzASMT9 protein for melatonin synthesis were 500 μM and 12 pmol/min·mg protein, respectively. Arabidopsis ectopically-expressing MzASMT9 possessed improved melatonin level. Importantly, the MzASMT9 gene was found to be upregulated by high light intensity and salt stress. Increased melatonin due to the highly-expressed MzASMT9 resulted in Arabidopsis lines with enhanced salt tolerance than wild type plants, as indicated by reduced ROS, lowered lipid peroxidation and enhanced photosynthesis. These findings have agricultural applications for the genetic enhancement of melatonin-enriched plants for increasing crop production under a variety of unfavorable environmental conditions.
Improving polygenic risk prediction from summary statistics by an empirical Bayes approach
Authors: So Hon-Cheong , Sham Pak C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRS) from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are increasingly used to predict disease risks. However some included variants could be false positives and the raw estimates of effect sizes from them may be subject to selection bias. In addition, the standard PRS approach requires testing over a range ofp-value thresholds, which are often chosen arbitrarily. The prediction error estimated from the optimized threshold may also be subject to an optimistic bias. To improve genomic risk prediction, we proposed new empirical Bayes approaches to recover the underlying effect sizes and used them as weights to construct PRS. We applied the new PRS to twelve cardio-metabolic traits in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort and demonstrated improvements in predictive power (inR2) when compared to standard PRS at the bestp-value threshold. Importantly, for eleven out of the twelve traits studied, the predictive performance from theentireset of genome-wide markers outperformed the bestR2from standard PRS at optimalp-value thresholds. Our proposed methodology essentially enables an automatic PRS weighting scheme without the need of choosing tuning parameters. The new method also performed satisfactorily in simulations. It is computationally simple and does not require assumptions on the effect size distributions.
Enhanced performance of the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana remotely induced by the plant growth-promoting bacteria Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus
Authors: Amavizca Edgar , Bashan Yoav , Ryu Choong-Min , Farag Mohamed A. , Bebout Brad M. , de-Bashan Luz E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRemote effects (occurring without physical contact) of two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) Azospirillum brasilense Cd and Bacilus pumilus ES4 on growth of the green microalga Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 2714 were studied. The two PGPB remotely enhanced the growth of the microalga, up to six-fold, and its cell volume by about three-fold. In addition to phenotypic changes, both bacteria remotely induced increases in the amounts of total lipids, total carbohydrates, and chlorophyll a in the cells of the microalga, indicating an alteration of the microalga’s physiology. The two bacteria produced large amounts of volatile compounds, including CO2, and the known plant growth-promoting volatile 2,3-butanediol and acetoin. Several other volatiles having biological functions in other organisms, as well as numerous volatile compounds with undefined biological roles, were detected. Together, these bacteria-derived volatiles can positively affect growth and metabolic parameters in green microalgae without physical attachment of the bacteria to the microalgae. This is a new paradigm on how PGPB promote growth of microalgae which may serve to improve performance of Chlorella spp. for biotechnological applications.
Neural Correlates of Sexual Orientation in Heterosexual, Bisexual, and Homosexual Men
Authors: Safron Adam , Sylva David , Klimaj Victoria , Rosenthal A. M. , Li Meng , Walter Martin , Bailey J. Michael 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStudies of subjective and genital sexual arousal in monosexual (i.e. heterosexual and homosexual) men have repeatedly found that erotic stimuli depicting men’s preferred sex produce strong responses, whereas erotic stimuli depicting the other sex produce much weaker responses. Inconsistent results have previously been obtained in bisexual men, who have sometimes demonstrated distinctly bisexual responses, but other times demonstrated patterns more similar to those observed in monosexual men. We used fMRI to investigate neural correlates of responses to erotic pictures and videos in heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual men, ages 25–50. Sixty participants were included in video analyses, and 62 were included in picture analyses. We focused on the ventral striatum (VS), due to its association with incentive motivation. Patterns were consistent with sexual orientation, with heterosexual and homosexual men showing female-favoring and male-favoring responses, respectively. Bisexual men tended to show less differentiation between male and female stimuli. Consistent patterns were observed in the whole brain, including the VS, and also in additional regions such as occipitotemporal, anterior cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortices. This study extends previous findings of gender-specific neural responses in monosexual men, and provides initial evidence for distinct brain activity patterns in bisexual men.
Improving the diagnostic accuracy of acute myocardial infarction with the use of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T in different chronic kidney disease stages
Authors: Yang Hongliu , Liu Jing , Luo Han , Zeng Xiaoxi , Tang Xi , Ma Liang , Mai Hongxia , Gou Shenju , Liu Fang , Fu Ping 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHigh-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-TnT) is a critical biomarker in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, CKD individuals usually have elevated hs-TnT even in the absence of AMI. Our study aimed to explore the optimal cutoff-value of hs-TnT and further to improve diagnostic accuracy of AMI in CKD patients. Clinical data of 489 patients were collected from the maintained database between September 2010 and June 2014. CKD patients with AMI were assigned to CKD+AMI group and CKD patients without AMI were assigned to CKD group. Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to derive the optimal cutoff-value. In CKD+STEMI and CKD group, hs-TnT was increased with descending eGFR. In CKD+NSTEMI group, hs-TnT showed an upward trend with increasing SYNTAX Score. In patients with CKD+STEMI, hs-TnT was significantly correlated with SYNTAX Score in CKD stage 2, stage 4 and in total. In CKD patients, the optimal cutoff-value of hs-TnT for diagnosis of AMI was 129.45 ng/l with 75.2% sensitivity and 83.2% specificity. The cutoff-value appeared to be hs-TnT level of 99.55ng/l in CKD stage 3, 129.45 ng/l in CKD stage 4, 105.50 ng/l in CKD stage 5 and 149.35 ng/l in dialysis patients, respectively. In different stages of CKD, eGFR-range-specific optimal cutoff-values should be considered.
Dominant role of plant physiology in trend and variability of gross primary productivity in North America
Authors: Zhou Sha , Zhang Yao , Ciais Philippe , Xiao Xiangming , Luo Yiqi , Caylor Kelly K. , Huang Yuefei , Wang Guangqian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAnnual gross primary productivity (GPP) varies considerably due to climate-induced changes in plant phenology and physiology. However, the relative importance of plant phenology and physiology on annual GPP variation is not clear. In this study, a Statistical Model of Integrated Phenology and Physiology (SMIPP) was used to evaluate the relative contributions of maximum daily GPP (GPPmax) and the start and end of growing season (GSstart and GSend) to annual GPP variability, using a regional GPP product in North America during 2000–2014 and GPP data from 24 AmeriFlux sites. Climatic sensitivity of the three indicators was assessed to investigate the climate impacts on plant phenology and physiology. The SMIPP can explain 98% of inter-annual variability of GPP over mid- and high latitudes in North America. The long-term trend and inter-annual variability of GPP are dominated by GPPmax both at the ecosystem and regional scales. During warmer spring and autumn, GSstart is advanced and GSend delayed, respectively. GPPmax responds positively to summer temperature over high latitudes (40–80°N), but negatively in mid-latitudes (25–40°N). This study demonstrates that plant physiology, rather than phenology, plays a dominant role in annual GPP variability, indicating more attention should be paid to physiological change under futher climate change.
Targeted capture to assess neutral genomic variation in the narrow-leaf hopbush across a continental biodiversity refugium
Authors: Christmas Matthew J. , Biffin Ed , Breed Martin F. , Lowe Andrew J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Adelaide geosyncline, a mountainous region in central southern Australia, is purported to be an important continental refugium for Mediterranean and semi-arid Australian biota, yet few population genetic studies have been conducted to test this theory. Here, we focus on a plant species distributed widely throughout the region, the narrow-leaf hopbush, Dodonaea viscosa ssp. angustissima, and examine its genetic diversity and population structure. We used a hybrid-capture target enrichment technique to selectively sequence over 700 genes from 89 individuals across 17 sampling locations. We compared 815 single nucleotide polymorphisms among individuals and populations to investigate population genetic structure. Three distinct genetic clusters were identified; a Flinders/Gammon ranges cluster, an Eastern cluster, and a Kangaroo Island cluster. Higher genetic diversity was identified in the Flinders/Gammon Ranges cluster, indicating that this area is likely to have acted as a refugium during past climate oscillations. We discuss these findings and consider the historical range dynamics of these populations. We also provide methodological considerations for population genomics studies that aim to use novel genomic approaches (such as target capture methods) on non-model systems. The application of our findings to restoration of this species across the region are also considered.
The antibacterial activities of aditoprim and its efficacy in the treatment of swine streptococcosis
Authors: Cheng Guyue , Xu Yamei , Zhu Xudong , Xie Shuyu , Wang Liye , Huang Lingli , Hao Haihong , Liu Zhenli , Pan Yuanhu , Chen Dongmei , Wang Yulian , Yuan Zonghui 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAditoprim (ADP) has potential use as an antimicrobial agent in animals. However, its pharmacodynamic properties have not been systematically studied yet. In this study, thein vitroantibacterial activities of ADP and its main metabolites were assayed, and thein vivoantibacterial efficacy of ADP for the treatment of swine streptococcosis was evaluated. It was shown thatSalmonellaandStreptococcusfrom swine,Escherichia coliandSalmonellafrom chickens,E. coli, Streptococcus, Mannheimia, Pasteurellafrom calves,StreptococcusandMannheimiafrom sheep, andE. coli, Flavobacterium columnare, Acinetobacter baumanniiandYersinia ruckerifrom fishes were highly susceptible to ADP.Haemophilus parasuisfrom swine,Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas punctate, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus agalactiaefrom fishes, andKlebsiellafrom calves and sheep showed moderate susceptibility to ADP, whereasE. coli, Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, Pasteurella, S. aureus, Clostridium perfringensfrom swine,S. aureus, C. perfringensfrom chickens, andS. aureusfrom calves were resistant to ADP. The main metabolites of ADP showed equal activity to that of their parent compound, and the prevention and therapeutic dosages of ADP recommended for swine streptococcosis were 10 and 20~40 mg/kg b.w., respectively. This study firstly showed that ADP had strong antibacterial activity and had potential to be used as a single drug in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.
Thermo-Magneto-Electric Generator Arrays for Active Heat Recovery System
Authors: Chun Jinsung , Song Hyun-Cheol , Kang Min-Gyu , Kang Han Byul , Kishore Ravi Anant , Priya Shashank 
Published: February 2017

AbstractContinued emphasis on development of thermal cooling systems is being placed that can cycle low grade heat. Examples include solar powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and data storage servers. The power efficiency of solar module degrades at elevated temperature, thereby, necessitating the need for heat extraction system. Similarly, data centres in wireless computing system are facing increasing efficiency challenges due to high power consumption associated with managing the waste heat. We provide breakthrough in addressing these problems by developing thermo-magneto-electric generator (TMEG) arrays, composed of soft magnet and piezoelectric polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) cantilever. TMEG can serve dual role of extracting the waste heat and converting it into useable electricity. Near room temperature second-order magnetic phase transition in soft magnetic material, gadolinium, was employed to obtain mechanical vibrations on the PVDF cantilever under small thermal gradient. TMEGs were shown to achieve high vibration frequency at small temperature gradients, thereby, demonstrating effective heat transfer.
Enhanced Gas Sensing Properties of Spin-coated Na-doped ZnO Nanostructured Films
Authors: Basyooni Mohamed A. , Shaban Mohamed , El Sayed Adel M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this report, the structures, morphologies, optical, electrical and gas sensing properties of ZnO and ZnO: Na spin-coated films are studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that the films are of a single phase wurtzite ZnO with a preferential orientation along (002) direction parallel to c-axis. Na doping reduces the crystalline quality of the films. The plane surface of ZnO film turned to be wrinkle net-work structure after doping. The reflectance and the optical band gap of the ZnO film decreased after Na doping. The wrinkle net-work nanostructured Na-doped film shows an unusually sensitivity, 81.9% @ 50 sccm, for CO2 gas at room temperature compared to 1.0% for the pure ZnO film. The signals to noise ratio (SNR) and detection limit of Na-doped ZnO sensor are 0.24 and 0.42 sccm, respectively. These enhanced sensing properties are ascribed to high surface-to-volume ratio, hoping effect, and the increase of O- vacancies density according to Kroger VinK effect. The response time increased from 179 to 240 s by the incorporation of Na atoms @50 sccm. This response time increased as the CO2 concentration increased. The recovery time is increased from 122 to 472 s by the incorporation of Na atoms @50 sccm.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Use of Hearing Screening for Clients With Aphasia: Challenges, Potential Solutions, and Future Directions
Authors: Silkes JoAnn P. , Winterstein Kaitlin 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe co-occurrence of aphasia and hearing loss can lead to compounded receptive communication impairment that is significantly worse than in either disorder alone. Therefore, identifying potential hearing loss is a critical part of communication assessment for clients with neurogenic communication disorders, many of whom have aphasia. This clinical focus article explores speech language pathologists' (SLPs') hearing-screening practices with this population, identifies patterns of concern, and presents potential solutions and future research needs.MethodSLPs completed an online survey. Data were obtained from 102 SLPs who work with adults with aphasia.ResultsMost respondents indicated that they do some form of hearing screening, although few do them in a reliable, valid manner. Awareness of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association hearing-screening guidelines was low. The most common reasons given for not conducting screenings included cost and lack of proper equipment and time.ConclusionsSLPs are an important resource for identifying potential hearing loss in individuals with aphasia. These data suggest that hearing screenings are being conducted only inconsistently with this population, often using nonstandardized methods. The results demonstrate a need to develop hearing-screening tools that are affordable, easily accessible, and validated for aphasia, and to raise awareness of currently available hearing-screening protocols and tools.
Quantifying the momentum correlation between two light beams by detecting one
Authors: Hochrainer Armin , Lahiri Mayukh , Lapkiewicz Radek , Lemos Gabriela Barreto , Zeilinger Anton 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Entanglement as a fundamental concept of quantum physics is manifested in correlations between particles. The correlation between two particles is usually measured by detecting both of them. Here, we present the results of an experiment based on a unique concept, where the momentum correlation between two photons is measured by detecting only one of them. This measurement is possible by exploiting the quantum mechanical complementarity between path-distinguishability and interference. Our approach can potentially be generalized to measure other higher-order correlations in lower order, which would enable experimental access to a broader class of correlated quantum systems, particularly in situations in which technical limitations make it impossible to efficiently detect one of the correlated particles.
O-GlcNAc transferase regulates excitatory synapse maturity
Authors: Lagerlöf Olof , Hart Gerald W. , Huganir Richard L. 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Neurons in the brain adapt to environmental challenges by rearranging their connections, or synapses, to other neurons. This process is called synaptic plasticity and it is unclear how synaptic plasticity is regulated. Here we show that the enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) modulates the maturity of excitatory synapses. The function of OGT depends on the metabolic status of the cell and the body. Previously, OGT has been linked to appetitive behavior, learning and memory, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Our data suggest that OGT may underlie brain function by coordinating experience-driven synaptic plasticity with nutrient availability.
Timing and Location of Spawning Based on Larval Capture and Ultrasonic Telemetry of Atlantic Sturgeon in the Saint John River, New Brunswick
Authors: Taylor Andrew D. , Litvak Matthew K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe timing and location of spawning of Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus were investigated using larval sampling and ultrasonic telemetry in 2010–2014 in the lower Saint John River, New Brunswick, Canada. Larval sampling was conducted to identify potential spawning areas using anchored D‐frame drift nets and towed bongo nets. Forty‐four adult Atlantic Sturgeon (138–213 cm) were ultrasonically tagged and passively tracked using hydrophone receivers located throughout the river. Spawning was confirmed with the first capture of Atlantic Sturgeon larvae in the river. Four Atlantic Sturgeon yolk sac larvae (13.44–14.43 mm) were captured on July 23, 2011, and one exogenous feeding larva (22.6 mm) on July 25, 2011, at river kilometer (rkm) 106 near Burton, New Brunswick. Spawning time was estimated using larval growth models and is likely to have occurred July 6–13, 2011, above rkm 106. Eleven tagged fish returned to the river in May and June after a minimum of 2 years at large: nine males, one female, and one unknown sex. Seven of the 11 returning fish migrated to potential spawning areas above rkm 100. Based on the upstream occupancy observed, annual variability in spawning time is likely. The other four fish that returned remained below the salt–fresh interface with brief upstream migrations below rkm 100, suggesting that some fish are not spawning during summer migration. The majority of fish migrated from the river in August and September. This study provides the first description of the location and timing of Atlantic Sturgeon spawning and migratory patterns in the Saint John River.Received April 3, 2016; accepted November 17, 2016 Published online February 1, 2017