bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncommon Ground: The Role of Different Place Attachments in Explaining Community Renewable Energy Projects
Authors: van Veelen Bregje , Haggett Claire 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFor rural communities, energy projects can provide a host of benefits, and yet also be a source of significant conflict. Place attachment has become an increasingly popular concept for understanding local responses to large scale renewable energy installations. However, there has been significantly less attention paid to how place attachment influences local responses to community‐led developments. This study contributes to the body of research on place attachment by examining its role in shaping opinions on two locally initiated projects. Interviews were conducted with residents in two rural communities in the Scottish Highlands, where community organisations are developing renewable energy projects. The findings show that place attachment was an important motivator for the development of these projects, but that different types of place attachment also formed a key source of disagreement. Finally, the implications of these findings for rural communities engaging in community‐led development initiatives will be discussed.
Expression of classical HLA class I molecules: regulation and clinical impacts
Authors: René C. , Lozano C. , Eliaou J.‐F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes are ubiquitously expressed, but in a tissue specific‐manner. Their expression is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level and can be modulated both positively and negatively by different stimuli. Advances in sequencing technologies led to the identification of new regulatory variants located in the untranslated regions (UTRs), which could influence the expression. After a brief description of the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of HLA class I genes expression, we will review how the expression levels of HLA class I genes could affect biological and pathological processes. Then, we will discuss on the differential expression of HLA class I genes according to the locus, allele and UTR polymorphisms and its clinical impact. This interesting field of study led to a new dimension of HLA typing, going beyond a qualitative aspect.
Impact of HLA in cord blood transplantation outcomes
Authors: Ruggeri A. , Paviglianiti A. , Gluckman E. , Rocha V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUmbilical cord blood (UCB) emerged in the last 20 years as a valid alternative source of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) in allogeneic transplantation setting, mainly in the absence of a fully human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched sibling. The probability of finding a matched unrelated donor through the registries varies from 20 to 70%, depending on the ethnicity of the patients. Therefore, patients in need may benefit of an HLA‐mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from haploidentical donors or from UCB. One of the advantages of using UCB is the lower incidence of acute graft‐versus‐host‐disease and allowance of greater HLA mismatch. Conversely, the low number of HSCs and lymphocytes and specific immunological features of T cells are associated with delayed engraftment and immune reconstitution and consequently, increased opportunistic infections. Nevertheless, retrospective studies showed similar results comparing UCB with other stem cell sources, both in pediatric and adult setting. The ability to use partially HLA‐matched UCB units allows expanding the donor pool. Many UCB banks have strategies to increase their inventory including UCB grafts that have rare haplotypes. HLA and cell dose are very important factors associated with outcomes after umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) that interact with each other. Increasing cell dose counterbalances the number of HLA disparities. Understanding those interactions, the role of HLA mismatches and other immunogenic factors, are important to allow clinicians to choose the best cord blood graft for patients. This review will describe the role of HLA in UCBT setting.
Single‐unit transfusions in the obstetric setting: a qualitative study
Authors: Mayson Eleni , Shand Antonia W. , Ford Jane B. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDThe rate of obstetric blood transfusion is increasing, and there is hospital variation in its use. Recent Australian guidelines recommend a restrictive transfusion strategy in maternity patients who are not actively bleeding and advocate single‐unit red blood cell (RBC) transfusions followed by clinical reassessment to determine the need for further transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe aim of this study was to identify factors influencing single RBC unit use when initiating transfusion in a postpartum woman with noncritical bleeding. A qualitative research study using semistructured interviews was conducted. Nine maternity hospitals were chosen to cover a range of clinical settings and obstetric transfusion rates in Australia. Interviews were conducted with the key decision makers in obstetric blood transfusion. Interviews were transcribed and coded, and themes were developed.RESULTSOne hundred twenty‐five interviews were conducted, including 61 doctors' interviews among obstetric (n = 42) and hematology (n = 19) staff. Most doctors (54%) interviewed would initiate transfusion with 2 RBC units; and, of those who started with single‐unit transfusions, most (63%) had practiced obstetrics for less than 5 years. Clinician and external factors influenced decision making. Important clinician factors included perceived utility or clinical need and education/experience. External factors included influence of colleagues, clinical context, availability of RBC units, and regulation mechanisms.CONCLUSIONThe decision to use single‐unit RBC transfusion varied between and within hospitals. Efforts to reduce exposure to blood in the obstetric setting via the number of units transfused may need to target perceptions regarding the utility of single units and lack of experience with this approach.
Hepatic encephalopathy in dogs and cats
Authors: Lidbury Jonathan A. , Cook Audrey K. , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo comparatively review the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in dogs and cats.Data SourcesThe Medline database was searched for articles related to HE in people, dogs, and cats. Articles published within the last 5 years were given special importance.Human Data SynthesisThe pathogenesis of HE is complex and incompletely understood, but ammonia appears to play a central role. Hyperammonemia leads to accumulation of glutamine in astrocytes, with subsequent astrocyte swelling and neurological dysfunction. The development of HE in patients with hepatic cirrhosis is a poor prognostic indicator. The fermentable disaccharide lactulose and the antimicrobial rifaximin are US Food and Drug Administration approved treatments for human HE. Severe protein restriction is no longer recommended for patients with this condition.Veterinary Data SynthesisHE is often associated with portosystemic shunting in dogs and cats. Ammonia plays a central role in the pathogenesis of HE in dogs and cats, but other factors such as manganese and endogenous benzodiazepines may also contribute. Recently, a soy protein‐based diet was found to be beneficial in treating canine HE. Severe dietary protein restriction is likely to be detrimental in affected animals. There have been no clinical trials of drugs routinely used in the management HE in veterinary medicine, but lactulose and antimicrobials such as metronidazole are well‐established treatments.ConclusionsHE is a potentially life‐threatening condition that is probably underdiagnosed in companion animals. Although various treatment recommendations have been proposed, there is a lack of evidence in the veterinary literature regarding optimal strategies for the management of this condition. As our understanding of the pathogenesis of HE in dogs and cats evolves, novel diagnostic tests and therapeutic agents may become available.
Exaggerated haemodynamic and neural responses to involuntary contractions induced by whole‐body vibration in normotensive obese versus lean women
Authors: Dipla Konstantina , Kousoula Dimitra , Zafeiridis Andreas , Karatrantou Konstantina , Nikolaidis Michalis G. , Kyparos Antonios , Gerodimos Vassilis , Vrabas Ioannis S. 
Published: April 2016

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
In obesity, the exaggerated blood pressure response to voluntary exercise is linked to hypertension, yet the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. We examined whether involuntary contractions elicit greater haemodynamic responses and altered neural control of blood pressure in normotensive obese versus lean women.

What is the main finding and its importance?
During involuntary contractions induced by whole‐body vibration, there were augmented blood pressure and spontaneous baroreflex responses in obese compared with lean women. This finding is suggestive of an overactive mechanoreflex in the exercise‐induced hypertensive response in obesity. Passive contractions did not elicit differential heart rate responses in obese compared with lean women, implying other mechanisms for the blunted heart rate response reported during voluntary exercise in obesity.

In obesity, the exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response to exercise is linked to hypertension, yet the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this study, we examined whether involuntary mechanical oscillations, induced by whole‐body vibration (WBV), elicit greater haemodynamic responses and altered neural control of BP in obese versus lean women. Twenty‐two normotensive, premenopausal women (12 lean and 10 obese) randomly underwent a passive WBV (25 Hz) and a control protocol (similar posture without WVB). Beat‐by‐beat BP, heart rate, stroke volume, systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output, parasympathetic output (evaluated by heart rate variability) and spontaneous baroreceptor sensitivity (sBRS) were assessed. We found that during WBV, obese women exhibited an augmented systolic BP response compared with lean women that was correlated with body fat percentage (r = 0.77; P < 0.05). The exaggerated BP rise was driven mainly by the greater increase in cardiac output index in obese versus lean women, associated with a greater stroke volume index in obese women. Involuntary contractions did not elicit a differential magnitude of responses in heart rate, heart rate variability indices and systemic vascular resistance in obese versus lean women; however, they did result in greater sBRS responses (P < 0.05) in obese women. In conclusion, involuntary contractions elicited an augmented BP and sBRS response in normotensive obese versus lean women. The greater elevations in circulatory haemodynamics in obese women are suggestive of an overactive mechanoreflex in the exercise‐induced hypertensive response in obesity.
Humanin prevents brain mitochondrial dysfunction in a cardiac ischaemia–reperfusion injury model
Authors: Kumfu Sirinart , Charununtakorn Savitree T. , Jaiwongkam Thidarat , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. 
Published: April 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury causes interference in the systemic circulation and damages not only the heart but also several vital organs, including the brain. Recently, a novel peptide called humanin has been shown to exert potent neuroprotective effects. However, the effect of humanin on the brain during cardiac I/R injury has not yet been investigated.

What is the main finding and its importance?
The I/R injury caused blood–brain barrier breakdown, increased brain oxidative stress and resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction. Only the humanin treatment before ischaemia attenuated brain mitochondrial dysfunction, but it did not prevent blood–brain barrier breakdown or brain oxidative stress. Humanin treatment during ischaemia and in the reperfusion period provided no neuroprotection. These findings indicate that humanin exerted neuroprotection during cardiac I/R injury via improved brain mitochondrial function.

Myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury causes interference in the systemic circulation and damages not only the heart but also several vital organs, including the brain. Nevertheless, limited information is available regarding the effect of cardiac I/R injury on the brain, including blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, brain oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Recently, a novel peptide called humanin has been shown to exert potent neuroprotective effects. However, the effect of humanin on the brain during cardiac I/R injury has not yet been investigated. Forty‐two male Wistar rats were divided into the following two groups: an I/R group, which was subjected to a 30 min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 min reperfusion (I/R group; n = 36); and a sham group (n = 6). The I/R group was divided into six subgroups. Each subgroup was given either vehicle or humanin analogue (84 μg kg−1, i.v.) at three different time points, namely before ischaemia, during ischaemia or at the onset of reperfusion. At the end of the experimental protocol, animals were killed and the brains removed for determination of mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and Western blot analyses. The I/R injury caused BBB breakdown, increased brain oxidative stress and resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction. Only the humanin treatment before ischaemia attenuated brain mitochondrial dysfunction, but it did not prevent BBB breakdown or brain oxidative stress. Humanin treatment during ischaemia and in the reperfusion period provided no neuroprotection. These findings indicate that humanin exerted neuroprotection during cardiac I/R injury via improved brain mitochondrial function.
Rac1 governs exercise‐stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle through regulation of GLUT4 translocation in mice
Authors: Sylow Lykke , Nielsen Ida L. , Kleinert Maximilian , Møller Lisbeth L. V. , Ploug Thorkil , Schjerling Peter , Bilan Philip J. , Klip Amira , Jensen Thomas E. , Richter Erik A. 
Published: April 2016

Key point
Exercise increases skeletal muscle energy turnover and one of the important substrates for the working muscle is glucose taken up from the blood.
The GTPase Rac1 can be activated by muscle contraction and has been found to be necessary for insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake, although its role in exercise‐stimulated glucose uptake is unknown.
We show that Rac1 regulates the translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in skeletal muscle during exercise.
We find that Rac1 knockout mice display significantly reduced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle during exercise.
AbstractExercise increases skeletal muscle energy turnover and one of the important substrates for the working muscle is glucose taken up from the blood. Despite extensive efforts, the signalling mechanisms vital for glucose uptake during exercise are not yet fully understood, although the GTPase Rac1 is a candidate molecule. The present study investigated the role of Rac1 in muscle glucose uptake and substrate utilization during treadmill exercise in mice in vivo. Exercise‐induced uptake of radiolabelled 2‐deoxyglucose at 65% of maximum running capacity was blocked in soleus muscle and decreased by 80% and 60% in gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles, respectively, in muscle‐specific inducible Rac1 knockout (mKO) mice compared to wild‐type littermates. By developing an assay to quantify endogenous GLUT4 translocation, we observed that GLUT4 content at the sarcolemma in response to exercise was reduced in Rac1 mKO muscle. Our findings implicate Rac1 as a regulatory element critical for controlling glucose uptake during exercise via regulation of GLUT4 translocation.
Evidence of a broad histamine footprint on the human exercise transcriptome
Authors: Romero Steven A. , Hocker Austin D. , Mangum Joshua E. , Luttrell Meredith J. , Turnbull Douglas W. , Struck Adam J. , Ely Matthew R. , Sieck Dylan C. , Dreyer Hans C. , Halliwill John R. 
Published: April 2016

Key points
Histamine is a primordial signalling molecule, capable of activating cells in an autocrine or paracrine fashion via specific cell surface receptors, in a variety of pathways that probably predate its more recent role in innate and adaptive immunity.
Although histamine is normally associated with pathological conditions or allergic and anaphylactic reactions, it may contribute beneficially to the normal changes that occur within skeletal muscle during the recovery from exercise.
We show that the human response to exercise includes an altered expression of thousands of protein‐coding genes, and much of this response appears to be driven by histamine.
Histamine may be an important molecular transducer contributing to many of the adaptations that accompany chronic exercise training.
AbstractHistamine is a primordial signalling molecule, capable of activating cells in an autocrine or paracrine fashion via specific cell surface receptors. In humans, aerobic exercise is followed by a post‐exercise activation of histamine H1 and H2 receptors localized to the previously exercised muscle. This could trigger a broad range of cellular adaptations in response to exercise. Thus, we exploited RNA sequencing to explore the effects of H1 and H2 receptor blockade on the exercise transcriptome in human skeletal muscle tissue harvested from the vastus lateralis. We found that exercise exerts a profound influence on the human transcriptome, causing the differential expression of more than 3000 protein‐coding genes. The influence of histamine blockade post‐exercise was notable for 795 genes that were differentially expressed between the control and blockade condition, which represents >25% of the number responding to exercise. The broad histamine footprint on the human exercise transcriptome crosses many cellular functions, including inflammation, vascular function, metabolism, and cellular maintenance.
Acceptance and Usage of an Online-based Cognitive Group Training for Older Adults
Authors: Haesner Marten , Steinert Anika , O’Sullivan Julie , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAge-related decline in cognitive capacity can lead to functional restriction in everyday life. Therefore, interventions that aim to maintain and facilitate the individual cognitive capacity are becoming increasingly important. Computer-based cognitive learning is a promising approach to combat age-related loss of functional capabilities. The publicly funded project LeVer was developed especially for older adults and consisted of an online virtual cognitive training platform that enabled older adults to train on their own and in groups. Apart from investigating how older adults interacted with the platform, acceptance towards computer-based group training and audio-video communication was also analyzed. During the 20 to 30 minutes long sessions of the group training, learning units that included memory strategies as well as everyday exercises to intensify those strategies were taught. The group training was divided into four modules. The content of each session was structured using evidence-based cognitive training methods and manuals. Of the 40 older adults who used the individual online cognitive training (IOCT), half of the participants (11♀, 9♂) took part in all of the four sessions of group training. 14 participants (9♀, 5♂) aged 62–77 years (M = 69.56; SD = 3.99) answered a proprietary evaluation questionnaire after all of the group sessions. The opinion of the participants about the content and design of the group training was rated on a 4 point Likert-scale with 43 items. Group training was generally rated as a positive experience. The online video communication was new for the majority of participants and was rated as enjoyable. The answers to the open questions in the evaluation questionnaire revealed that group size, topics covered during training and the exercises were seen mostly positive. Criticism was focused almost solely on technical problems, which occurred before or during the training sessions, such as loosing audio or video or an intermittent Internet connection. In this study online-based cognitive group training (OCGT) for older adults via video communication was confirmed by the participants to be a useful and positively received method to facilitate cognitive function. Participants that did not complete the training to the end did so due to time or technical problems. Since this type of training is rather cost effective and easily accessible and can be used at home, it is a favorable alternative to conventional face-to-face training. Training to better use these devices and technical support on hand is necessary to take care of participants during the group training.
Best Practices for Designing Electronic Healthcare Devices and Services for the Elderly
Authors: Wille Matthias , Theis Sabine , Rasche Peter , Bröhl Christina , Schlick Christopher , Mertens Alexander 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Demographic change and associated shifts in the age structure lead to major challenges in health processes. One way to address this is to increase the use of telemedicine systems and services to ensure non-local yet individualized patient care, such as in rural areas. When considering new medical technology components, we must compensate for age-related changes in perception, cognition and motor skills to achieve user-centered design and take into account psychophysical effect relationships to achieve sustainable acceptance for technology integration. This paper presents various best-practice examples for participatory investigation into influencing factors, with a focus on the different times and periods within the lifecycle of a telemedical product and associated services. In addition to giving concrete design hints derived from individual studies, the paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the paradigms used and provides recommendations for user-centric development with old and very old patients.
User Journey Mapping – A Method in User Experience Design
Authors: Endmann Anja , Keßner Daniela 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Companies are more and more interested in providing a positive user experience (UX). The aim is to offer a smooth and pleasant experience with the application at hand. As UX consultants, we often face the following basic questions at the start of user experience projects: How can we learn about the user processes in the scope of the project, that is, the activities a user needs to perform to achieve a certain goal? How can we gather the essential steps and stages of the user process and the experiences accompanying them? How do we identify where in the process user research is needed? In order to help answer these questions, we suggest the method of User Journey Mapping, which we developed and refined in the course of seven customer projects.