bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Falls and Related Injuries in Hospitalized Patients With Cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Li-Yun , Campbell Malcolm , Chen Ching-Ju , Hsieh Ruey-Kuen , Chien Hui-Hsien , Tsai Jung-Mei 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Falls and fall-related injuries are important indicators for quality of nursing care in institutions. Few studies have been conducted specifically on this topic for hospitalized patients with cancer in Taiwan.

Purpose:
The aims of this study were to understand falls and levels of injury; to identify associations among fall-related injuries, demographics, and causes of falling; and to predict fall-related injuries in hospitalized patients with cancer.

Methods:
A retrospective survey design was used. Data were retrieved from the Taiwan Patient-Safety Reporting system query fall incidences for persons hospitalized with cancer at a medical center in northern Taiwan from 2010 to 2012. Data were encoded and analyzed with descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics version 18.0.

Results:
One hundred fifty-six (85%) of the 184 hospitalized patients with cancer had fall-related injuries. Falling tended to be more frequent in men without a history of falls and more prevalentat night. The results of regression analysis showed that the variables being with companions at the time of a fall (OR = 5.411, 95% CI [1.619, 18.081]), lower limb weakness (OR = 0.284, 95% CI [0.097, 0.832]), postural hypotension (OR = 0.101, 95% CI [0.014, 0.733]), total score of fall risk factors (OR = 1.688, 95% CI [1.071, 2.660]), and a fall occurring at the bedside (OR = 3.493, 95% CI [1.119, 10.903]) were all positively associated with fall-related injuries, with a Nagelkerke R
2 of 42.8%.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
The risk factors for falls that affect hospitalized patients with cancer are complex. Nursing staff must evaluate the risk factors and treatment methods for each patient and facilitate fall prevention measures to achieve safety-centered quality of care. This study provides an example for nursing staff when assessing factors associated with falls and working to reduce fall-related injuries among patients with cancer.
Professional Reimbursement by Medicaid for Cochlear Implants and Related Services
Authors: Conduff Joseph H. , Coelho Daniel H. 
Published: May 2017

Hypothesis:
Medicaid reimbursement rates for cochlear implants and related services fall short of the federal benchmark set by Medicare.

Background:
The financial hardships of cochlear implant centers around the United States may be a repercussion of poor Medicaid reimbursement. In time, these reimbursement discrepancies could force additional Otolaryngologists and cochlear implant centers to not provide these crucial services due to financial limitations.

Methods:
Based on Medicare (MCR) claims data, current procedural terminology (CPT) codes used for cochlear implantation and related services were selected. Medicaid (MCD) and Medicare (MCR) payment schemes were queried for the same services in 49 states and Washington, D.C. The difference in MCD and MCR payment in dollars and percent was determined and reimbursement per relative value of work (RVU) calculated. MCD reimbursement differences (by dollar amount and by percentage) were qualified as a shortfall or excess as compared with the MCR benchmark.

Results:
Marked differences in MCD and MCR reimbursement exist for all cochlear implant related services, most commonly as a substantial shortfall. The MCD shortfall varied in amount between states and great variability in reimbursement exists within and between audiology, surgery, and speech services. Shortfalls and excesses were not consistent between procedures or states.

Conclusions:
The variation in MCD payment models reflects marked differences in the value of the same work provided, which in many cases is far less than federal benchmarks. These results question the fairness of the MCD reimbursement scheme in cochlear implantation with potential serious implications on access to care for this underserved patient population.
Masseteric to buccal branch nerve transfer
Authors: Bayrak Sinehan B. , Kriet J. David , Humphrey Clinton D. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
To review recent literature pertaining to the use of masseteric–facial nerve neurorrhaphy (MFNN) for facial reanimation in patients with facial paralysis.

Recent findings
First, MFNN effectively restores some midface tone and function, including the ability to smile. Second, use of the masseteric nerve minimizes synkinesis, dysarthria, and dysphagia that frequently occur after hypoglossal-facial nerve neurorrhaphy. Third, concurrent cable grafting to the zygomatic branch from an intact proximal facial nerve remnant – when available – can restore dynamic eye closure.

Summary
Masseteric nerve transfer is an alternative to hypoglossal nerve transfer that improves midface appearance and function for properly selected patients with facial paralysis.
Disenfranchised Grief in the PICU: Crying for Attention
Authors: Crowe Suzanne 
Published: May 2017

Theme:
The death of any child is distressing to parents, family, friends, and healthcare staff alike. However, the close family circle is accorded the right to grieve by society, as the nature of the relationship with the child is acknowledged and socially validated. The relationship between the child and the staff caring for the child is not acknowledged to the same extent, and this may cause difficulties for staff who grieve following the death of the child. This experience is repeated many times when working in the PICU.

Case Studies:
This article describes two cases that illustrate the unrecognized nature of disenfranchised grief for pediatric healthcare staff.

Discussion:
Addressing the cumulative effects of bereavement on the staff in the PICU through formal and informal systems of support may reduce emotional exhaustion, improve staff retention, and enhance the care of children and families.
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Wall Jessica J. , Iyer Ramesh V. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is a rare cause of exercise-induced arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in the pediatric patient. This arrhythmia is difficult to diagnose in the emergency department, given the range of presentations; thus, a familiarity with and high index of suspicion for this pathology are crucial. Furthermore, recognition of the characteristic electrocardiogram findings and knowledge of the management of the symptomatic patient are necessary, given the risk of arrhythmia recurrence and cardiac arrest. In this review, we discuss the presentation, differential diagnosis, and management of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia for the emergency care provider.
Surgically Induced Changes in Gut Microbiome and Hedonic Eating as Related to Weight Loss: Preliminary Findings in Obese Women Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Sanmiguel Claudia P. , Jacobs Jonathan , Gupta Arpana , Ju Tiffany , Stains Jean , Coveleskie Kristen , Lagishetty Venu , Balioukova Anna , Chen Yijun , Dutson Erik , Mayer Emeran A. , Labus Jennifer S. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
Weight loss surgery results in significant changes in the anatomy, function, and intraluminal environment of the gastrointestinal tract affecting the gut microbiome. Although bariatric surgery results in sustained weight loss, decreased appetite, and hedonic eating, it is unknown whether the surgery-induced alterations in gut microbiota play a role in the observed changes in hedonic eating. We explored the following hypotheses: (1) laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) results in changes in gut microbial composition; (2) alterations in gut microbiota are related to weight loss; (3) alterations in gut microbiome are associated with changes in appetite and hedonic eating.

Methods
Eight obese women underwent LSG. Their body mass index, body fat mass, food intake, hunger, hedonic eating scores, and stool samples were obtained at baseline and 1-month postsurgery. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed on stool samples. DESeq2 changes in microbial abundance. Multilevel-sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis was applied to genus-level abundance for discriminative microbial signatures.

Results
LSG resulted in significant reductions in body mass index, food intake, and hedonic eating. A microbial signature composed of five bacterial genera discriminated between pre- and postsurgery status. Several bacterial genera were significantly associated with weight loss (Bilophila, q = 3E-05; Faecalibacterium q = 4E-05), lower appetite (Enterococcus, q = 3E-05), and reduced hedonic eating (Akkermansia, q = .037) after surgery.

Conclusions
In this preliminary analysis, changes in gut microbial abundance discriminated between pre- and postoperative status. Alterations in gut microbiome were significantly associated with weight loss and with reduced hedonic eating after surgery; however, a larger sample is needed to confirm these findings.
Brief Report: Selection of HIV-1 Variants With Higher Transmission Potential by 1% Tenofovir Gel Microbicide
Authors: Ngandu Nobubelo K. , Carlson Jonathan M. , Chopera Denis R. , Ndabambi Nonkululeko , Abdool Karim Quarraisha , Abdool Karim Salim , Williamson Carolyn 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Women in the CAPRISA 004 trial assigned to use 1% tenofovir (TFV) microbicide gel, who became HIV-1 infected, had higher viral load set-point and slower antibody avidity maturation compared with placebo participants. We investigated whether TFV gel was selected for viruses with altered genetic characteristics.

Setting:
The participants of the CAPRISA 004 trial (n = 28 TFV and 43 placebo) were from KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa and were infected with HIV-1 subtype C. After HIV-1 diagnosis, they were recruited into the CAPRISA 002 cohort.

Methods:
We analyzed gag sequences from the earliest time point post infection (within 3 months of estimated time of infection). Transmission index was measured using a model which predicts the likelihood of an amino acid to be transmitted. Phylogenetic distance from a regional consensus sequence was calculated from a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree.

Results:
Transmission index and distance from the most common (consensus) sequence have been shown to be markers of transmission fitness. We found that viruses infecting TFV gel recipients were closer to the consensus sequence of regional strains (P = 0.003) and had higher transmission index (P = 0.01). The transmission index was weakly correlated with concomitant viral load (Spearman r = 0.22, P = 0.06).

Conclusion:
Decreased acquisition risk may have increased the barrier to infection therefore selecting for fitter, more consensus-like viruses. Such virus fitness effects will need to be considered for future pre-exposure prophylaxis and vaccine trials.
Substance Use and HIV Risk Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sandfort Theodorus G. M. , Knox Justin R. , Alcala Carolina , El-Bassel Nabila , Kuo Irene , Smith Laramie R. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Substance use and its relation to HIV risk among men who have sex in Africa, a population at high risk for HIV, has received little attention.

Methods:
This systematic review summarizes and discusses findings from 68 empirical studies, published between 1980 and 2016 that included data about substance use in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Africa.

Results:
Substance use has rarely been the primary focus of studies in African MSM. In general, measurement of substance use was suboptimal. Whereas prevalence of alcohol use varied across studies, partly resulting from variety in assessment strategies, it seemed higher than in the general male population across countries. Alcohol use was associated with sexual risk practices, but not with HIV infection. The most frequently reported drug used by African MSM was cannabis. The use of other drugs, such as cocaine and heroin seemed relatively rare, although injection drug use was exceptionally high in a few studies. As alcohol, drugs were regularly used in conjunction with sex. Both alcohol and drug use were often associated with other risk factors for HIV infection, including violence and transactional sex. No interventions were found addressing substance use among African MSM.

Conclusions:
Given high HIV risk and prevalence in this population, substance use should be studied more in-depth, taking into account the specific social and cultural context. Assessment of substance use practices in this population has to be improved. The available information suggests, though, that there is an urgent need for interventions addressing substance use tailored to the needs of this critical population.
CHA2DS2-VASc Score, Warfarin Use, and Risk for Thromboembolic Events Among HIV-Infected Persons With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Chau Katherine Hsin-Yu , Scherzer Rebecca , Grunfeld Carl , Hsue Priscilla Ying , Shlipak Michael G. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the HIV-infected population is growing, but the ability of the CHA2DS2-VASc score to predict thromboembolic (TE) risk is unknown in this population.

Setting:
Within the Veterans Affairs HIV Clinical Case Registry, 914 patients had an atrial fibrillation diagnosis between 1997 and 2011 and no previous TE events.

Methods:
We compared TE incidence by CHA2DS2-VASc scores and stratified by warfarin use. Using Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for competing risks, we modeled associations of CHA2DS2-VASc scores and warfarin use with TE risk.

Results:
At baseline, the distribution of CHA2DS2-VASc scores was 0 (n = 208), 1 (n = 285), and 2+ (n = 421); 34 patients developed 38 TE events during a median of 3.8 years follow-up. Event rates by CHA2DS2-VASc scores of 0, 1, and 2+ were 5.4, 9.3, and 8.1 per 1000 person years, respectively; multivariate-adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) were 1.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.65 to 4.45) for CHA2DS2-VASc score 1 (P = 0.28) and HR = 1.34 (0.51, 3.48) for score 2+ versus 0 (P = 0.55). Baseline warfarin use was associated with increased TE risk, although not statistically significant [HR 2.06 (0.86, 4.93), P = 0.11] with similar results when modeled as time-updated use and duration of use.

Conclusion:
In this national registry of HIV-infected veterans with atrial fibrillation, CHA2DS2-VASc scores were only weakly associated with TE risk. Furthermore, warfarin did not seem to be effective at preventing TE events. These results should raise concerns about the optimal strategy for TE prevention among HIV-infected persons with atrial fibrillation.
Indinavir Plus Methylprednisolone Ameliorates Experimental Acute Lung Injury In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Ji Yunxia , Zhang Guanghua , Zhu Haibo , Li Defang , Jiang Wanglin 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
An abnormal HMGB1 activation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ALI.

Methods:
In this study, the effects of Indinavir plus methylprednisolone on the LPS-mediated activation in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs), on the injury of AT I in vitro, and on rats with LPS-induced two-hit model with or without methylprednisolone were investigated.

Results:
Indinavir treatment resulted in a reduction of HMGB1, its receptor TLR-4, and HMGB1's downstream p-NF-κB, attenuating a decrease of VE-cadherin in LPS-stimulated HPMECs. Apoptosis of AT I was attenuated with an increase of RAGE and aquaporin 5. Compared to methylprednisolone alone, methylprednisolone plus Indinavir attenuated the decrease of GRα and IκB-α in cytoplasm and avoid GRα deficiency in LPS-stimulated HPMECs for 96 h, attenuated the increase of p-NF-κB in nucleus. Indinavir ameliorated histopathological changes of two-hit ALI model of rats with reductions in microvascular permeability, lower HMGB1, TLR4, p-NF-κB, and MPO expression, whereas higher RAGE, aquaporin 5, and VE-cadherin in LPS-instilled lungs. Compared to methylprednisolone alone, methylprednisolone plus Indinavir attenuated the decrease of GRα and IκB-α in cytoplasm, decreased p-NF-κB in nucleus of lung tissue of two-hit ALI rats, and enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect of methylprednisolone for avoiding GRα deficiency.

Conclusion:
It demonstrated that Indinavir prevented experimental ALI model of rats by modulating the HMGB1/TLR-4 pathway to resolve systemic inflammation response in a greater degree with methylprednisolone, reduced the use time and dose of methylprednisolone, and avoided GRα deficiency in ALI and ARDS.
Exercise medicine for advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Hart Nicolas H. , Galvão Daniel A. , Newton Robert U. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
Exercise is a provocative medicine, known for its preventive, complimentary and rehabilitative role in the management of cancer. Impressively, exercise is also emerging as a synergistic and targeted medicine to enhance symptom control, modulate tumour biology and delay disease progression, with the potential to increase overall survival. Given the complex clinical presentation of advanced prostate cancer patients and their omnipresent comorbidities, this review describes the current and potential role of exercise medicine in advanced prostate cancer.

Recent findings
Exercise has been shown to be safe, feasible and effective for advanced prostate cancer patients, inclusive of patients with bone metastases; a previously excluded population due to patient and clinician fear of adverse events. Preclinical data provide insight into the ability of exercise to modulate cancer-specific outcomes, may synergistically increase the potency of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and may endogenously and/or mechanically suppress tumour formation, growth and invasion in visceral and skeletal tissue. Epidemiological studies have also shown an association between physical activity and increased survival.

Summary
Exercise oncology is rapidly evolving, with impressive possibilities that may directly improve patient outcomes in advanced prostate cancer. Research must focus on translating preclinical trials into human clinical trials and investigate the direct effect of exercise on overall survival.
Respiratory involvement in neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Boentert Matthias , Wenninger Stephan , Sansone Valeria A. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
In numerous neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), respiratory muscle weakness is present, and acute or chronic respiratory failure may evolve. Very often, respiratory involvement substantially adds to the burden of disease, impairs quality of life, or reduces life expectancy. This article summarizes new aspects of both diagnosis and management of respiratory muscle weakness in patients with NMDs.

Recent findings
Drugs like deflazacort, ataluren, eteplirsen, and nusinersen are now approved treatments for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Spinal Muscular Atrophy, and others are on their way in NMDs. Although observing how innovative drugs will change the natural history of these diseases, including respiratory function over time, adequate symptomatic treatment remains meaningful and is strongly recommended. Physicians should systematically take respiratory involvement into account to improve patients’ quality of life and prognosis.

Summary
First, it is outlined in which subtypes of NMD respiratory muscle dysfunction is particularly relevant. Second, new developments regarding diagnostic procedures, including respiratory muscle strength testing, spirometry, and sleep studies, are covered. Third, this article gives an overview on current concepts of ventilatory support and management of secretions in patients with NMD.
Unsupervised clustering and epigenetic classification of single cells
Authors: Zamanighomi Mahdi , Lin Zhixiang , Daley Timothy , Chen Xi , Duren Zhana , Schep Alicia , Greenleaf William J , Wong Wing Hung 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCharacterizing epigenetic heterogeneity at the cellular level is a critical problem in the modern genomics era. Assays such as single cell ATAC-seq (scATAC-seq) offer an opportunity to interrogate cellular level epigenetic heterogeneity through patterns of variability in open chromatin. However, these assays exhibit technical variability that complicates clear classification and cell type identification in heterogeneous populations. We presentscABC,an R package for the unsupervised clustering of single cell epigenetic data, to classify scATAC-seq data and discover regions of open chromatin specific to cell identity.
Untargeted metabolomics suffers from incomplete data analysis
Authors: Baran Richard 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionUntargeted metabolomics is a powerful tool for biological discoveries. Significant advances in computational approaches to analyzing the complex raw data have been made, yet it is not clear how exhaustive and reliable are the data analysis results.ObjectivesAssessment of the quality of data analysis results in untargeted metabolomics.MethodsFive published untargeted metabolomics studies acquired using instruments from different manufacturers were reanalyzed.ResultsOmissions of at least 50 relevant compounds from original results as well as examples of representative mistakes are reported for each study.ConclusionIncomplete data analysis shows unexplored potential of current and legacy data.
Complete Transcriptome Profiling of Normal and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Eye Tissues Reveals Changes in Regulation of Non-Coding RNA and Extreme Disregulation of Anti-Sense Transcription
Authors: Kim Eun Ji , Grant Gregory G. , Bowman Anita S. , Haider Naqi , Gudiseva Harini V. , Chavali Venkata Ramana Murthy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStrand specific RNA sequencing of retina and RPE-Choroid-Scleara (RCS) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and matched normal controls reveals striking impact on anti-sense transcription and changes in the regulation of non-coding RNA that has not previously been reported. Hundreds of genes, which do not express anti-sense transcripts in normal retina and RCS, demonstrate extreme anti-sense expression in AMD. And conversely anti-sense transcription is completely abrogated in many genes which express a high level of anti-sense transcripts in normal retina and RCS. Several pathways are very highly enriched in the upregulated anti-sense transcripts - in particular the EIF2 signaling pathway. These results call for a deeper investigation into anti-sense and noncoding RNA regulation in AMD and their potential as therapeutic targets.