bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in brain metabolic connectivity underlie autistic-like social deficits in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Cho Hojin , Kim Chul Hoon , Knight Elizabeth Quattrocki , Oh Hye Won , Park Bumhee , Kim Dong Goo , Park Hae-Jeong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe neurobiological basis of social dysfunction and the high male prevalence in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain poorly understood. Although network alterations presumably underlie the development of autistic-like behaviors, a clear pattern of connectivity differences specific to ASD has not yet emerged. Because the heterogeneous nature of ASD hinders investigations in human subjects, we explored brain connectivity in an etiologically homogenous rat model of ASD induced by exposure to valproic acid (VPA)in utero. We performed partial correlation analysis of cross-sectional resting-state18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans from VPA-exposed and control rats to estimate metabolic connectivity and conducted canonical correlation analysis of metabolic activity and behavior scores. VPA-treated rats exhibited impairments in social behaviors, and this difference was more pronounced in male than female rats. Similarly, current analyses revealed sex-specific changes in network connectivity and identified distinct alterations in the distributed metabolic activity patterns associated with autistic-like social deficits. Specifically, diminished activity in the salience network and enhanced activity in a cortico-cerebellar circuit correlated with the severity of social behavioral deficits. Such metabolic connectivity features may represent neurobiological substrates of autistic-like behavior, particularly in males, and may serve as a pathognomonic sign in the VPA rat model of ASD.
Encrypted Antimicrobial Peptides from Plant Proteins
Authors: Ramada M. H. S. , Brand G. D. , Abrão F. Y. , Oliveira M. , Filho J. L. Cardozo , Galbieri R. , Gramacho K. P. , Prates M. V. , Bloch C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExamples of bioactive peptides derived from internal sequences of proteins are known for decades. The great majority of these findings appear to be fortuitous rather than the result of a deliberate and methodological-based enterprise. In the present work, we describe the identification and the biological activities of novel antimicrobial peptides unveiled as internal fragments of various plant proteins founded on our hypothesis-driven search strategy. All putative encrypted antimicrobial peptides were selected based upon their physicochemical properties that were iteratively selected by an in-house computer program named Kamal. The selected peptides were chemically synthesized and evaluated for their interaction with model membranes. Sixteen of these peptides showed antimicrobial activity against human and/or plant pathogens, some with a wide spectrum of activity presenting similar or superior inhibition efficacy when compared to classical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These original and previously unforeseen molecules constitute a broader and undisputable set of evidences produced by our group that illustrate how the intragenic concept is a workable reality and should be carefully explored not only for microbicidal agents but also for many other biological functions.
Decrypting Strong and Weak Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Interactions with Mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels Using Molecular Docking and Perturbation Theory
Authors: González-Durruthy Michael , Werhli Adriano V. , Seus Vinicius , Machado Karina S. , Pazos Alejandro , Munteanu Cristian R. , González-Díaz Humberto , Monserrat José M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe current molecular docking study provided the Free Energy of Binding (FEB) for the interaction (nanotoxicity) between VDAC mitochondrial channels of three species (VDAC1-Mus musculus, VDAC1-Homo sapiens, VDAC2-Danio rerio) with SWCNT-H, SWCNT-OH, SWCNT-COOH carbon nanotubes. The general results showed that the FEB values were statistically more negative (p < 0.05) in the following order: (SWCNT-VDAC2-Danio rerio) > (SWCNT-VDAC1-Mus musculus) > (SWCNT-VDAC1-Homo sapiens) > (ATP-VDAC). More negative FEB values for SWCNT-COOH and OH were found in VDAC2-Danio reriowhen compared with VDAC1-Mus musculusand VDAC1-Homo sapiens(p < 0.05). In addition,asignificant correlation (0.66 > r2 > 0.97) was observed betweenn-Hamada index and VDAC nanotoxicity (or FEB) for the zigzag topologies of SWCNT-COOH and SWCNT-OH. Predictive Nanoparticles-Quantitative-Structure Binding-Relationship models (nano-QSBR) for strong and weak SWCNT-VDAC docking interactions were performed using Perturbation Theory, regression and classification models. Thus, 405 SWCNT-VDAC interactions were predicted using a nano-PT-QSBR classifications model with high accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity (73–98%) in training and validation series, and a maximum AUROC value of 0.978. In addition, the best regression model was obtained with Random Forest (R2of 0.833, RMSE of 0.0844), suggesting an excellent potential to predict SWCNT-VDAC channel nanotoxicity. All study data are available athttps://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4802320.v2.
Hybrid structure of white layer in high carbon steel – Formation mechanism and its properties
Authors: Hossain Rumana , Pahlevani Farshid , Witteveen Evelien , Banerjee Amborish , Joe Bill , Prusty B. Gangadhara , Dippenaar Rian , Sahajwalla Veena 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study identifies for the first time, the hybrid structure of the white layer in high carbon steel and describes its formation mechanism and properties. The so-called ‘white layer’ in steel forms during high strain rate deformation and appears featureless under optical microscopy. While many researchers have investigated the formation of the white layer, there has been no definitive study, nor is there sufficient evidence to fully explain the formation, structure and properties of the layer. In this study, the formation, morphology and mechanical properties of the white layer was determined following impact testing, using a combination of optical and SE- microscopy, HR-EBSD, TKD and TEM as well as nano-indentation hardness measurements and FE modelling. The phase transformation and recrystallization within and near the white layer was also investigated. The microstructure of the steel in the white layer consisted of nano-sized grains of martensite. A very thin layer of austenite with nano sized grains was identified within the white layer by HR-EBSD techniques, the presence of which is attributed to a thermally-induced reverse phase transformation. Overall, the combination of phase transformations, strain hardening and grain refinement led to a hybrid structure and an increase in hardness of the white layer.
Correlation of Plasma EGF with Striatal Dopamine Transporter Availability in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Pak Kyoungjune , Shin Seunghyeon , Kim So Jung , Kim Keunyoung , Kim Bum Soo , Kim Seong Jang , Kim In Joo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the association between plasma epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the availability of dopamine transporter (DAT) measured from 123I-FP-CIT single-photon emission computed tomography in healthy controls in this study. Volume of interest template was applied to measure specific binding ratios (SBRs) of caudate nucleus, putamen, and striatum representing DAT availability as follows; SBR = (target– cerebellum)/cerebellum. Plasma EGF was negatively correlated with the availabilities of both caudate nucleus (r = −0.261, p = 0.019), and putamen (r = −0.341, p = 0.002). After dividing subjects according to Apo E genotyping, DAT availability of caudate nucleus of Apo e4 non-carriers (n = 60) showed the positive correlation with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-synuclein (r = 0.264, p = 0.042). Plasma EGF was negatively correlated with DAT availabilities of Apo e4 non-carriers. Further studies are needed to clarify underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon.
Cryptogamic stem covers may contribute to nitrous oxide consumption by mature beech trees
Authors: Machacova Katerina , Maier Martin , Svobodova Katerina , Lang Friederike , Urban Otmar 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNaturally produced by microbial processes in soil, nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas contributing to climate change. Accordingly, there is a need to accurately quantify the capability of forest ecosystems to exchange N2O with the atmosphere. While N2O emissions from soils have been well studied, trees have so far been overlooked in N2O inventories. Here, we show that stems of mature beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) may act as a substantial sink of N2O from the atmosphere under conditions of soils consuming N2O. Consistent consumption of N2O by all stems investigated (ranging between −2.4 and −3.8 µg m−2 h−1) is a novel finding in contrast to current studies presenting trees as N2O emitters. To understand these fluxes, N2O exchange of photoautotrophic organisms associated with beech bark (lichens, mosses and algae) was quantified under laboratory conditions. All these organisms were net N2O sinks at full rehydration and temperature of 25 °C. The consumption rates were comparable to stem consumption rates measured under field conditions. Cryptogamic stem covers could be a relevant sink of N2O in European beech forests.
Chemical, microbial and antibiotic susceptibility analyses of groundwater after a major flood event in Chennai
Authors: Gowrisankar Ganesan , Chelliah Ramachandran , Ramakrishnan Sudha Rani , Elumalai Vetrimurugan , Dhanamadhavan Saravanan , Brindha Karthikeyan , Antony Usha , Elango Lakshmanan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDuring floods, human exposure to pathogens through contaminated water leads to the outbreak of epidemic diseases. This research presents the first extensive assessment of surface and groundwater samples collected immediately after a flood (December 2015) and post-flood (April 2016) from the Adyar River of Chennai, a major city in India, for major ions, trace metals, bacterial population, and pathogens. Severe rains in a short period of time resulted in flooding which inundated the wells, allowing the entry of sewage contaminated river water into the groundwater zone. This has led to bacterial counts and chemical ions exceeding Bureau of Indian Standard’s recommended limits in most flood affected areas. Pathogens isolated from the groundwater showed resistance to antibiotics, namely ceftriaxone, doxycycline and nalidixic acid. However, they were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline. Determining the antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens will help in the treatment of humans affected by contaminated water through an appropriate selection of prescribed medication.
A multilayer network dataset of interaction and influence spreading in a virtual world
Authors: Jankowski Jarosław , Michalski Radosław , Bródka Piotr 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPresented data contains the record of five spreading campaigns that occurred in a virtual world platform. Users distributed avatars between each other during the campaigns. The processes varied in time and range and were either incentivized or not incentivized. Campaign data is accompanied by events. The data can be used to build a multilayer network to place the campaigns in a wider context. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is the first publicly available dataset containing a complete real multilayer social network together, along with five complete spreading processes in it.
Building a locally diploid genome and transcriptome of the diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus
Authors: Paajanen Pirita , Strauss Jan , van Oosterhout Cock , McMullan Mark , Clark Matthew D. , Mock Thomas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe genome of the cold-adapted diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus is characterized by highly diverged haplotypes that intersperse its homozygous genome. Here, we describe how a combination of PacBio DNA and Illumina RNA sequencing can be used to resolve this complex genomic landscape locally into the highly diverged haplotypes, and how to map various environmentally controlled transcripts onto individual haplotypes. We assembled PacBio sequence data with the FALCON assembler and created a haplotype resolved annotation of the assembly using annotations of a Sanger sequenced F. cylindrus genome. RNA-seq datasets from six different growth conditions were used to resolve allele-specifc gene expression in F. cylindrus. This approach enables to study differential expression of alleles in a complex genomic landscape and provides a useful tool to study how diverged haplotypes in diploid organisms are used for adaptation and evolution to highly variable environments.
2 × 3.2 Gb/s single‐ended IO transmitter with low‐power dynamic FIR driver for the LPDDR4 standard
Authors: Kim S. , Oh T. 
Published: October 2017

A novel FIR driver that can be applied to a low power mode in the (Low Power Double Data Rate 4) LPDDR4 standard has been developed. The proto‐type transmitter architecture is implemented in 45 nm CMOS process and occupies 0.009 mm2 area. The pre‐emphasis tap weighting improves the eye opening by 27.9% vertically and 27% horizontally, respectively, and the transmitter consumes only 2.25 mW at 3.2 Gb/s.
Structure of sunspot light bridges in the chromosphere and transition region
Authors: Rezaei R. 
Published: October 2017

Context. Light bridges (LBs) are elongated structures with enhanced intensity embedded in sunspot umbra and pores.
Aims. We studied the properties of a sample of 60 LBs observed with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS).
Methods. Using IRIS near- and far-ultraviolet spectra, we measured the line intensity, width, and Doppler shift; followed traces of LBs in the chromosphere and transition region (TR); and compared LB parameters with umbra and quiet Sun.
Results. There is a systematic emission enhancement in LBs compared to nearby umbra from the photosphere up to the TR. Light bridges are systematically displaced toward the solar limb at higher layers: the amount of the displacement at one solar radius compares well with the typical height of the chromosphere and TR. The intensity of the LB sample compared to the umbra sample peaks at the middle/upper chromosphere where they are almost permanently bright. Spectral lines emerging from the LBs are broader than the nearby umbra. The systematic redshift of the Si iv line in the LB sample is reduced compared to the quiet Sun sample. We found a significant correlation between the line width of ions arising at temperatures from 3 × 104 to 1.5 × 105 K as there is also a strong spatial correlation among the line and continuum intensities. In addition, the intensity−line width relation holds for all spectral lines in this study. The correlations indicate that the cool and hot plasma in LBs are coupled.
Conclusions. Light bridges comprise multi-temperature and multi-disciplinary structures extending up to the TR. Diverse heating sources supply the energy and momentum to different layers, resulting in distinct dynamics in the photosphere, chromosphere, and TR.
Detailed chemical composition of classical Cepheids in the LMC cluster NGC 1866 and in the field of the SMC
Authors: Lemasle B. , Groenewegen M. A. T. , Grebel E. K. , Bono G. , Fiorentino G. , François P. , Inno L. , Kovtyukh V. V. , Matsunaga N. , Pedicelli S. , Primas F. , Pritchard J. , Romaniello M. , da Silva R. 
Published: October 2017

Context. Cepheids are excellent tracers of young stellar populations. They play a crucial role in astrophysics as standard candles. The chemistry of classical Cepheids in the Milky Way is now quite well-known, however despite a much larger sample, the chemical composition of Magellanic Cepheids has been only scarcely investigated.
Aims. For the first time, we study the chemical composition of several Cepheids located in the same populous cluster: NGC 1866, in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). To also investigate the chemical composition of Cepheids at lower metallicity, we look at four targets located in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Our sample allows us to increase the number of Cepheids with known metallicities in the LMC/SMC by 20%/25% and the number of Cepheids with detailed chemical composition in the LMC/SMC by 46%/50%.
Methods. We use canonical spectroscopic analysis to determine the chemical composition of Cepheids and provide abundances for a good number of α, iron-peak, and neutron-capture elements.
Results. We find that six Cepheids in the LMC cluster NGC 1866 have a very homogeneous chemical composition, also consistent with red giant branch (RGB) stars in the cluster. Period–age relations that include no or average rotation indicate that all the Cepheids in NGC 1866 have a similar age and therefore belong to the same stellar population. Our results are in good agreement with theoretical models accounting for luminosity and radial velocity variations. Using distances based on period-luminosity relations in the near- or mid-infrared, we investigate for the first time the metallicity distribution of the young population in the SMC in the depth direction. Preliminary results show no metallicity gradient along the SMC main body, but our sample is small and does not contain Cepheids in the inner few degrees of the SMC.
Revisiting nucleosynthesis in globular clusters
Authors: Prantzos N. , Charbonnel C. , Iliadis C. 
Published: October 2017

Context. Motivated by recent reports concerning the observation of limited enrichment in He but excess K in stars of globular clusters, we revisit the H-burning conditions that lead to the chemical properties of multiple stellar populations in these systems.
Aims. In particular, we are interested in correlations of He and K with other elements, such as O, Na, Al, Mg and Si, reported in stars of NGC 2808.
Methods. We performed calculations of nucleosynthesis at constant temperature and density, exploring the temperature range of 25 to 200 × 106 K (25 to 200 MK), using a detailed nuclear reaction network and the most up-to-date nuclear reaction rates.
Results. We find that Mg is the most sensitive “thermometer” of hydrostatic H-burning conditions, pointing to a temperature range of 70–80 MK for NGC 2808, while He is a lesser – but not negligible – constraint. Potassium can be produced at the levels reported for NGC 2808 at temperatures >180 MK and Si at T > 80 MK. However, in the former temperature range Al and Na are totally destroyed and no correlation can be obtained, in contrast to the reported observations. None of the putative polluter sources proposed so far seem to satisfy the ensemble of nucleosynthesis constraints.
Patient Factors Associated with Failure of Flap Coverage Used during Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Gad Bishoy , Styron Joseph , Goergy Mark , Klika Alison , Barsoum Wael , Higuera Carlos 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRevision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) is a challenging problem in the setting of soft tissue defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients who underwent rTKA requiring flap coverage and determine patient factors that predisposed them to failure. Forty-three consecutive patients (mean follow-up, 46.5 months) who underwent rTKA requiring flap coverage were retrospectively reviewed between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010. Sixteen of 43 patients experienced failure requiring either flap revision (n = 2) or above the knee amputation (n = 14). Patients with heart failure (p = 0.008), cancer (p = 0.049), or infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae (p = 0.002) had greater rates of failure. Smoking (p = 0.287), diabetes (p = 0.631), and flap type (p = 0.634, p = 0.801) were not associated with increased failure. Mean survival was 46.4 months. Survival of patients with a history of cancer (34.3 months) was less (p = 0.033) than those without (49.2 months). Flap coverage in rTKA is a viable limb salvage option for patients with soft tissue defects; however, failure rates are much higher than in patients not requiring flap coverage.
Factors and Outcomes of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn Associated with Acute Kidney Injury in Thai Neonates
Authors: Kamolvisit Wuttichart , Jaroensri Sutthikiat , Ratchatapantanakorn Benthira , Nakwan Narongsak 
Published: October 2017

Objective This study aims to determine the risk factors and outcome of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)-associated acute kidney injury (AKI).
Study Design Infants diagnosed with PPHN at Hat Yai Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.
Results Of the 109 included PPHN infants, 28.4% (31/109) died, and AKI was found in 28.4% following neonatal KDIGO classification. Of the 31, 19 who died (61.3%) reached stage 1, 3 (9.7%) reached stage 2, and 9 (29.0%) reached stage 3. AKI (all stages combined) was significantly associated with increased mortality with an odds ratio (OR) of 8.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.37–22.49). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that male gender (adjusted OR = 8.56; 95% CI = 0.84–85.09) and urine output of < 1 mL/kg/h in 12 hours of admission (adjusted OR = 15.57; 95% CI = 2.58–93.98) were the main factors associated with an increased risk for AKI, while birth by cesarean delivery was associated with reduced risk of AKI (adjusted OR = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.16–0.68).
Conclusion The incidence of AKI in PPHN was high in this study, and this complication was also significantly associated with higher mortality. In PPHN neonates, AKI should be especially closely monitored in males and infants who have a urine output of < 1 mL/kg/h in the first 12 hours of admission.
Cataract Video Coaching: Surgical Curriculum Enhancement in a U.S. Residency Program
Authors: Tucker Steven , Jones Jeremy , Aaron Maria , Khalifa Yousuf 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the perceived utility of a video-coaching curriculum in cataract surgery training. This study took place in a conference room at the Emory University School of Medicine. This is an evaluation study using questionnaires after each resident's presentation. A curriculum was developed with a resident presenting surgical cases to a group of students, residents, and faculty. All participants filled out a survey focused on video coaching, performance, and an Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) evaluation. Thirteen presenting residents, 99 observing residents, and 35 faculty provided responses for 12 video-coaching sessions. The average OSATS score was lower for presenting residents (3.32) compared with observing residents (4.14) and faculty (4.20) (p < 0.01). All 13 presenting and 99 observing residents as well as all 35 faculty found benefit in video coaching with the subcategories of avoiding errors and overall performance rated as the most beneficial. All 13 presenting and 99 observing residents felt comfortable presenting cases with zero preferring an alternative setting. A formal surgical video-coaching curriculum in ophthalmology is a useful adjunct to traditional surgical curricula. There was a consensus that the curriculum was beneficial for cataract surgery preparation. All participants were comfortable taking part in the curriculum and none preferred an alternative curriculum.