bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Ants with Talstar and Amdro, 1996
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Carney Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted on a fairway at Indian Mound Country Club, Ossipee, NH. The initial count of ant hills was taken on 28 Jun, prior to treatment applications. The layout was an RCB design, using 15 X 7 ft plots allowing 1-ft buffers between plots. Talstar F (0.2 lb) and Talstar G (0.2 lb) were re-treated 14 DAT. Liquid formulations were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle-type CO2 boom sprayer equipped with 4 spray heads fitted with a 50-mesh strainer and an 8004 fan-type nozzle. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/1000ft2 delivered at 40 psi. Granular formulations were evenly distributed over the plots using large plastic salt shakers. All granular treatments were irrigated with 1/2 inch of water; no liquid treatments were watered in. Weather conditions at time of initial application were as follows: air temp, 74°F; sky, mostly sunny; wind, light breeze. Weather conditions at time of reapplication were as follows: air temp, 60°F; sky, partly cloudy. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 68°F; at 1-inch depth, 65°F; at 2-inch depth, 65°F; texture, loam; sand, 40%; silt, 43%, clay, 17%; soil pH, 5.3; dry matter, 72%; moisture, 28%; organic matter, 9%. Ant hill counts were taken every week for 6 consecutive weeks.
Control of Japanese Beetle and Masked Chafer Grubs with Halofenozide (RH-0345), 1995
Authors: Held D. , Potter D. A. , Williamson C. , Keathley C. , Kunkel B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was con ducted in turf-type tall fescue at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Farm, near Lexington. The turf was on a Maury silt loam soil (pH = 6.4) with negligible thatch. Plots (4X6 ft; 2 ft untreated borders) were arranged in a RCB, with 4 replications. The turf was treated on 27 Jul, during flight of JB. The soil population consisted mostly of eggs, with some 1st instars. Granular formulations were preweighed, mixed with dry sand, and applied by gloved hand. Liquid applications were applied at 50 gal/acre using a low volume, CO2 sprayer equipped with 4 Spraying System 8004 Tee Jet nozzles that delivered 2109 g pressure per cm2. Each plot was syringed with about 1/8 inch of water within 5 min after application, and the whole site received 3/4 inch irrigation as soon as the last treatment was applied. Conditions during application were 88°F with winds &lt; 10 mph. There was 0.23 inch of rainfall on 26 Jul. the day before the test. There was no additional rain until 5 Aug, when 1.78 inch fell. Plots were sampled on 12 Sep by cutting a 3 X 1.5 foot strip, aboul 3 inches deep, from the center of each plot with a motorized sod cutter. Sod was rolled back, broken apart, and examined for grubs which were counted and identified.
Aphid Control, 1996
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Bergen J.R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two systemic insecticides were evaluated against the potato aphid and Rhodobium porosum (2:1 respective abundance) on greenhouse grown miniature roses planted in 1-gal containers. The miniature roses were planted in equal parts sphagnum peat and pumice and fertilized weekly with 20-20-20 fertilizer. Plants were arranged in a RCB design replicated 4 times with 5 plants/replicate. Pinpoint 15G and Merit 0.5G were manually applied to their respective pots on 2 Jul. Three 1.5 inch growing tips or buds were removed from each plant and individually placed in labeled jars filled with 25 ml of 70% ETOH. The aphids were aliquoted onto a filter paper-lined Petri dish and counted with a stereoscopic microscope.
Control of Spruce Spider Mite with Foliar-Applied Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Sclar Casey , Gerace Dan , Cranshaw Whitney S. , Tupy Andrea , Al-Doghairi Mohammed 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A commercial nursery located in Weld County CO, was used as the site of the experiment. Plots were established on 5 Jul utilizing infested trees which were approximately 3 inch dbh and 6-8 ft tall. Experimental units were individual trees growing in furrow-irrigated rows. All treatments were applied using a hand-held compressed air sprayer to the point of run-off. A CR design with 5 replications was used. Plots were sampled on three subsequent dates by beat sampling. A white piece of 8 1/2 X 11 inch paper was held under the branch while each branch was struck 5 times with a short wooden stake. The number of mites dislodged and collected from the branches during sampling were subsequently counted. Four branches per tree (1 sample from each cardinal point) were taken on each date. Numbers presented represent the total number of mites per tree.
Field Efficacy of Two Ixodicide Collars, 1995
Authors: Estrada-Pefia A. , Ascher F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Ixodicidal activity of two collars against the brown dog tick was verified by a field test in northeast Spain, following the tick load on dogs over a 4-month period. Collars were a 9% Amitraz (AMZ) (Preventic®, Virbac) and a Propoxur + Flumethrin (PPX) (Kiltix®, Bayer) formulation. For this field test, we used 30 adult Beagle dogs, in 2 groups of 10 each, with each collar, and a third group of 10 dogs with only placebo collar to serve as the check. After collar fitting, and every week, dogs were allowed to walk freely across a periurban area, heavily infested with ticks. Counts of ticks were done 3 days after each natural infestation. Natural infestations were carried out while the mean number of ticks/check dog was equal to or higher than 10, allowing a total of 8 infestations. Ticks were counted as alive unfed females, alive feeding females, dead unfed females, and dead feeding females.
Efficacy Tests of FMC 5268 on L. Trifolii Larvae
Authors: Kund G.S. , Trumble J.T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy tests were performed on first instar leafminer larvae reared on lima bean plants at the University of California, Riverside, in the laboratory. The leafminer colony was started from field collected samples in Orange County, CA.
Laboratory Evaluation of Two IGR Insecticides Against DBM Larvae, 1995
Authors: Mau R.F.L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were evaluated using the leaf dip method. Head cabbage was seeded in community pots. Each pot containing approximately 10 cabbage plants in the 5-7 true leaf seedling stage was inverted and dipped in a solution of the test materials for about 30 sees for complete coverage. The dipped plants were allowed to air dry. For each dip, 1 liter solution of the test material was prepared based on field rate concentrations of 100 gal/acre. Leaves from treated plants were detached and placed in a ventilated plastic petri dish. DBM larvae from a laboratory colony that originated from individuals collected from a cabbage field at Kula, Hawaii and Kamuela, Hawaii were used. Ten 2nd instars were placed on each leaf. Each treatment was replicated 10 times. Xentari was used as the treated check. The number of dead larvae was counted at 24-hour intervals. Larvae were recorded as dead when there was no movement when probed. Leaves were changed every other day with fresh leaves from the previously treated pots.
Effects of Adjuvants on the Activity of Tracer™ 480SC on Cotton in the Laboratory, 1996
Authors: Larson L. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Many commercially available adjuvants were tested for their effects against the tobacco budworm (Heliocoverpa virescens (F.) with a view to using them in 1996 E.UP for Tracer™ (NAF-85) in cotton.
Laboratory Evaluations of Insecticides Against Crb Adults, 1996
Authors: Mau R. F. L. , Minuto L.R.Gusukuma , McLean Mike , Pearson Jay 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Field collected adults of CRB were held in a ventilated cage with an adequate food supply for two days prior to beginning the bioassay. Water based mixtures of each treatment were prepared in glass beakers based on field-rate concentrations at 100 gpa. Silwett L-77 at 8.0 oz./lOO gal solution was added to each solution to facilitate wetting and each mixture was mixed thoroughly. Treatments were evaluated using the leaf dip method. Taro (Colocasia esculenta) leaves were field collected and held in the refrigerator until they were ready to use. Three leaves were completely immersed in each of the spray mixtures and allowed to air dry. The treated leaves were cut into 5 cm2 pieces and placed into ventilated plastic petri dishes. Five adult CRB were introduced into the dish. Each treatment was replicated 10 times. Mortality was assessed at 24-hour intervals. At each assessment, leaf pieces were changed with a fresh leaf piece cut from the remaining treated leaves to assure a fresh food supply.
Screening of Fungal Isolates Against Diamondback Moth Larvae, 1995
Authors: Vandenberg John D. , Ramos Mark 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Fifty-five isolates of four fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Fursarium sp.,Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin and Paecilomyces farinosus (Holm ex SF Gray) Brown & Smith, were obtained from the USDA-ARS Collection of Entomopathogenic Fungal Cultures (Ithaca, NY). Isolates were subcultured once after retrieval from liquid nitrogen storage. Cultures were maintained on Subouraud dextrose agar plus 2% yeast extract (SDAY) at 24° Cunder a photoperiod of 15:9 h (L:D) for 14 to 21 d. Conidia were scraped from the culture surface and suspended in 0.01 % Tween 80 by vortexting for 2 min. Suspensions were filtered through 16 layers of sterile cheesecloth to remove conidial clumps and hyphal fragments. Spore concentrations were estimated using a hemacytometer and then adjusted to 312,500 spores/ml. Three to 7 isolates were screened against isolate ARSEF 4543 as a standard derived from a single infected DBM larva collected in Ontario County, NY, in 1994. First instars of DBM maintained on wheat germ diet. Fifteen 2nd instars were placed 2–3 h prior to inoculation in a petri dish containing filter paper moistened with deionized water and incubated at 4° C. Dishes were assigned randomly to treatments with 4 replicates each for each isolate. Insects were inoculated at room temperature (–22° C) using a Bergergon spray tower equipped with a Spraying Systems 2850 noz-zle, calibrated to deliver 312.5 spores/cm2 using 5 ml suspension at a concentration of 312,500 spores/ml. DBM larvae treated only with the suspending medium (0.01% Tween 80) served as checks. (Mortality in the checks was minimal and no evidence of fungal infection was detected.) After spraying the insects, two discs of DBM larval diet (Bioserv Premix) were placed in each dish which was then sealed with parafilm and incubated at 25° C in darkness for 24 h. Thereafter, the insects were transferred to a sterile petri dish with fresh diet and incubated at 25° C under a photoperiod of 15:9 h (L:D). Larvae were monitored daily and diet was replaced as needed for 7 d. Dead larvae were transferred to petri dishes containing a piece of moistened filter paper. Mycosis was confirmed by observing characteristic mycelial eruption from cadavers and subsequent sporulation. To confirm viability of spore suspensions and dosage, 5 ml of each was sprayed on SDAY plates which were incubated at 25° Cunder a photoperiod of 15:9 h (L:D) for 3 d until identifiable fungal colonies were counted. To estimate the potency of each isolate relative to the standard (ARSEF 4543), the percentage mortality due to fungus infection was divided by the percentage mortality due to infection by the standard within that experiment. Average survival times were also estimated for all fungus-killed larvae for each isolate from records of the number of days from inoculation to death.
Screen Barriers To Repel Slugs From Foraging On To Greenhouse Benches, Hawaii, 1995
Authors: Hata T. Y. , Harta A. H. , Hu B. K. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Screen Barriers To Repel Slugs From Foraging On To Greenhouse Benches, Hawaii, 1995 Efficacy studies were conducted from 2 Oct through 20 Dec at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Waiakea Agricultural Research Station in Hilo, Hawaii. Greenhouse bench legs were simulated by placing a 6 X 8 X 16 inch concrete hollow tile block vertically (common bench leg used in Hawaii) in the center of a 1.5 X 2 ft plastic arena. A 1 -inch thick layer of moistened pest covered the bottom of the arena; and a 1-inch barrier of NaCl on the perimeter of the arena prevented slugs from escaping. The test screen (1.0 ft2) rested on the bench end of the block. Treatments included: 0.011 gauge, 16 mesh copper screen; 0.011 gauge, 18X16 mesh aluminum screen; 18X16 mesh fiberglass screen and a 12 X 12 X 0.13 inch paper board control. A 7.75-inch dia saucer containing moist-ened Slug and Snail AG Pelleted Bait (Hacco Inc., Madison, WI) was placed on the screen barrier as an attractant and to evaluate efficacy (slugs crossing the barrier would feed and die). One hundred field collected slugs were placed in each arena. Tests were conducted in a dark ventilated room and replicated three times with 100 slugs per replicate for both species. Efficacy was determined daily by counting the number of dead slugs in the saucer. The cumulative percentage mortality over 7 days was recorded.
Control of Insect Pests on Peach, 1996
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments consisting of experimental and registered insecticides were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of ‘Cresthaven’, 2 replicates of ‘Redhaven’, and 3 replicates of ‘Sunhigh’. The trees were planted at a spacing of 20 X 30 ft and were 12 years old. All treatments were applied with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated to deliver 75 gpa, driven at 2.4 mph. All plots received a regular maintenance schedule of fungicides (Rovral 4F, sulfur, Indar 75WSP and Topsin M 75WSP). GPA was sampled weekly by counting the number of new colonies found in a 3-min examination of each plot tree. Each new colony was tagged with ribbon and the number of leaves infested with one or more live aphids was determined. Each tagged colony, up to 10 colonies per tree, was then rated weekly for the number of live aphids using the following categorical rating system: 1 = 1 to 10 aphics, 2 = 11 to 20 aphids, 3 = 21 to 40 aphics, 4 = 41 to 80 aphids, 5 = 81 to 160 aphids, and 6 = &gt; 161 aphids. OFM shoot injury was assessed by determining the number of injured shoots per tree in a 5-min examination on 11 Jun and a 3-min examination on 12 Jul and 1 Aug. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury 75 mature peaches from each tree. The sampling date for the various cultivars was as follows: 5 Aug (‘Redhaven’), 14 Aug (‘Sunhigh’), and 4 Sep (‘Cresthaven’). Please note the fruit sampling dates as related to the various dates of application. Larvae found inside the pick samples were collected and identified. Pest pressure was moderate to high throughout the season.
Flea Beetle Control, 1996
Authors: Collins J. A. , Drummond F. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Materials were applied on 6 Jun to 20 by 20 ft plots in a bearing blueberry field at Jonesport, Maine. There were 3 replications of each treatment and a minimum 5-ft untreated buffer strip around each plot. Treatments were blocked according to prespray population levels. Insecticides were applied at a rate of 25 gpa using a CO2-propelled 80-inch boom sprayer with 4, flat spray, 8OO02VS TeeJet nozzles operating at 35 psi. At treatment, plants were ca. 50% loose cluster, 50% bloom. On sample dates indicated in table, 10 sweeps with a standard 12-inch sweepnet were taken systematically through the center area of each plot, avoiding plot boundaries. The larvae were counted and then distributed back into the same plot. No unusual weather conditions were noted during this test.
Evaluation of Confirm 2F for Grape Berry Moth Control, 1996
Authors: Townsend Howard G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots consisted of 10 mature ‘catawba’ vines, with 5 replications in a RCB design. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays at a rate of 100 gpa (935 liter/ha) with a FMC DP15 airblast sprayer on 28 Jun and 31 Jul when pheromone trap catch indicated adult male GBM flight activity was at a peak. The percentage by wt of GBM damaged berries was determined from a harvest sample of 20 clusters taken at random from each plot on 18 Sep.
Root Weevil Insecticide Efficacy on Strawberry, 1996
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlain J. D. , Murray T. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were replicated 4 times in a 2-year-old ‘Totem’ strawberry field in Burlington, WA. Plots measuring 3 rows wide and 25 ft long were arranged in a RCB design. Sprays were applied on 22 Jul with a field sprayer at 100 psi delivering 83 gpa of finished spray from a hand-held boom with 3 hollow cone D4-45 TeeJet nozzles at 3 mph. Visual sampling for SRW was done on 25 and 29 Jul along two 5-ft transects along the middle row of each plot beginning at 10 PM with the aid of a flashlight.
Evaluation of Cm-006 for Citrus Red Mite Control, 1996
Authors: French J. Victor , Villarreal Santiago 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental CM-006, alone and tank-mixed with NR 435 Oil or Kinetic adjuvant, were compared with Agri-Mek + NR 435 Oil for efficacy against RdM on nursery citrus. Treatments were randomized and each replicated on 4 potted grapefruit trees (each ca. 2 ft high). Sprays were applied to foliar run-off using a TQ-40 Koke Kap CO2 handgun sprayer nozzled with a 8002 Tee-Jet tip and pressure set at 30 psi. At each count date 3 leaves per replicate tree (12/treatment) were randomly sampled and processed in the laboratory through a Leedom Mite Brushing Machine. RdM from each replicate were collected on a detergent-coated glass disc and counted under a binocular microscope at 20X.
Insecticidal Control of Citrus Leafminer on Red Grapefruit, 1995
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Fulcher G. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was conducted in a nursery block of 1.5 year old ‘Rio Red’ grapefruit rooted to Swingle citrumelo, planted in single rows, 6 inches between trees. All treatments included 1.5% Sunspray 7E oil and were applied on 2 Nov. 1995 using a hand held boom fitted with 5 Albuz ceramic hollow cone nozzles (two on each side and one over top) supplied by a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 40 psi, with a spray volume of 25 gpa. A RCB design was used with 4 replications and 11 treatments. Blocks were single rows and plots consisted of 30 trees each. Evaluations on 10 new leaf flushes per plot were taken at 3,7, 14 and 21 days after treatment (DAT) and included the number of mines on the five smallest leaves per flush starting with a one inch leaf, number of live larvae and pupae on the entire flush, and a foliage damage index (percent leaf surface damaged).
Citrus Rust Mite Control with Alert (Ac 303, 630), 1996
Authors: Childers C. C. , Gainey T. , Threlkeld D. K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Alert at three rates per acre was compared with Alert at the same rates tank-mixed with FC 435-66 petroleum oil only or with petroleum oil and one of two copper formulations against CRM. Treatments were assigned to 3 X 3 (= 9 tree) plots in a RCB design, replicated 5 times on 8-10 ft tall trees with 18 X 26 ft spacing. Treatments were applied on 24 Jul using an FMC 352-S PTO airblast sprayer with speed, nozzling and pressure adjusted to deliver the designated gpa. At each evaluation date, 20 fruit were randomly selected and examined on the center tree within each replicate using a 10 X handlens. All live CRM (except eggs) were counted in two, 1 -cm2 lens field on partially shaded sides of each fruit. The two counts per fruit were combined and recorded as one observation. Data were subjected to log10 (X + 1) transformation for statistical analysis and untransformed means are presented in the table for comparison.
California Citrus Thrips Small Plot Trial, 1996
Authors: Morse J. G. , Urena A. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated spring, 1996 in Field 12 (26 year-old ‘Atwood’ navel oranges) at the University of California’s Lindcove Field Station near Exeter, CA for control of citrus thrips. Pesticides were applied with a Bean hand-sprayer at 500 psi, outside coverage, approximately 200 gpa. Field 12 was divided into 4 contiguous blocks of 88-92 trees (22-23 replicates) and 22 treatments were applied with one replicate of each treatment assigned randomly to each block except extra replicates were assigned to the untreated check: each replicate consisted of four contiguous trees (except 2 replicates which had only 3 trees). Citrus thrips fruit scarring was evaluated early November. 1995 on all fruit on the exterior of data trees from knee to eye level. Scarring was rated as: (a) none, (b) slight (any citrus thrips scarring), or (c) severe (complete ring scar or extensive surface scarring at a level that would cause downgrading of fruit in a commercial operation). Approximately 5% severe scars are normally taken as economic scarring levels.
Control of Pecan Nut Casebearer in Pecans, 1996
Authors: Mulder P. G. , Collins J. K. , Grantham R. A. , Smith M. W. , McCraw B. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three insecticides were evaluated for control of PNC on pecans. Trials were conducted at a commercial pecan orchard located near Burneyville, OK (Love Co.). A section of the pecan orchard was divided into 7 blocks of trees, with each block receiving one of the treatments. Each block was ca. one acre in size. The trial used mature native pecan trees. Pretreatment PNC infestation levels were determined on 2 Jun. Twenty nut clusters on seven trees within the treatment area were inspected for the presence of PNC eggs and damage. If an egg or damage was found on any nut within a cluster, the cluster was considered infested. Treatments were applied on 3 and 4 Jun using a FMC Model 577-CP motor driven, air-blast sprayer. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 100 gpa. Only one application was made. PNC damage was evaluated on 24 Jun by inspecting 25 nut clusters/tree on each of 7-10 trees (175-250 nut clusters per treatment), at 5 to 8 feet above the ground for casebearer entries.
Foliar Sprays to Control Bean Leaf Beetles in Fall Snap Beans, 1996
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Snap beans were planted on 12 Aug at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 2 rows 20ft long with 3 ft between-row spacing. Plots were separated from each other by an untreated guard row. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Sprays were applied on 19 Sep (full bloom) and 26 Sep (pin stage) using a backpack sprayer with a 6 flat fan nozzle boom/2 rows, delivering 46 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Evaluation criteria consisted of hand harvesting of 50 mature pods/plot on 4 Oct. The number of pods with BLB feeding damage was counted in each 50 pod sample.
Apple, Concentrate Insect Airblast Evaluation, 1996
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental and registered insecticides were applied alone or in various combinations to 3-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of ‘Golden Delicious’ and 2 replicates of ‘Yorking’ with a buffer row between plots. Trees were planted at a spacing of 20 X 30 ft and were 21 yr old. Samples were taken from the center tree in each plot. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster ‘309’ calibrated to deliver 100 GPA at 2.0 mph. The 2nd application of CGA-59205 35WP treatments and the Comply 40 WP treatment were timed for 250° degree days (base 50°F) after the first emergence of CM adults during the first brood. All applications were complete sprays. A routine schedule of fungicides (Benlate 50DF, Dithane 75DF, Nova 40WP, and Ziram 76WP) was maintained throughout the experiment.