bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV)-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes and Evaluation of Reconstitution of KSHV-Specific Responses in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Wilkinson John , Cope Alethea , Gill Jas , Bourboulia Dimitra , Hayes Peter , Imami Nesrina , Kubo Toru , Marcelin Anne , Calvez Vincent , Weiss Robin , Gazzard Brian , Boshoff Chris , Gotch Frances 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTFollowing the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has significantly declined in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-positive (HIV-1+) individuals and clinical remission is often observed. We hypothesize that these effects are partly due to anti-KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) immune restoration. Here, 15-mer overlapping peptides from proteins K12 and K8.1 were used to identify novel KSHV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes. Three immunogenic peptides, two lytic and one latent, were subsequently used to monitor the anti-KSHV CD8+T-cell responses in a cohort of 19 HIV-1+KSHV+/−KS+/−individuals during 52 weeks of HAART. KSHV and HIV-1 loads, KSHV antibody titers, and both CD4+and CD8+T-lymphocyte counts were enumerated. Prior to HAART, the total number of spot-forming cells (SFC) for all three peptides correlated with both CD4+and CD8+T-lymphocyte counts (P≤ 0.05) in the KSHV-positive KS-positive cohort (n= 11). Following 52 weeks of HAART, significant decreases in HIV-1 and KSHV loads were associated with significant increases in CD4+T-lymphocyte counts and number of SFC for the three KSHV-specific peptides. Although these increases were modest in comparison to the number of SFC observed with the HIV-1gagpeptide SLYNTVATL, they represented a fourfold increase from the baseline, continuing an upward trend to week 52.
Exposure to electromagnetic fields and suicide among electric utility workers: a nested case-control study
Authors: van Wijngaarden Edwin , Savitz David A , Kleckner Robert C , Cai Jianwen , Loomis Dana 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVESThis nested case-control study examines mortality from suicide in relation to estimated exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in a cohort of 138 905 male electric utility workers.METHODSCase-control sampling included 536 deaths from suicide and 5348 eligible controls. Exposure was classified based on work in the most common jobs with increased exposure to magnetic fields and indices of cumulative exposure to magnetic fields based on a measurement survey.RESULTSSuicide mortality was increased relative to work in exposed jobs and with indices of exposure to magnetic fields. Increased odds ratios (ORs) were found for years of employment as an electrician (OR 2.18; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.25 to 3.80) or lineman (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.18 to 2.14), whereas a decreased OR was found for power plant operators (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.33 to 1.40). A dose response gradient with exposure to magnetic fields was found for exposure in the previous year, with a mortality OR of 1.70 (95% CI 1.00 to 2.90) in the highest exposure category. Stronger associations, with ORs in the range of 2.12–3.62, were found for men <50 years of age.CONCLUSIONThese data provide evidence for an association between occupational electromagnetic fields and suicide that warrants further evaluation. A plausible mechanism related to melatonin and depression provides a direction for additional laboratory research as well as epidemiological evaluation.
Non-fatal work related injuries in a cohort of Brazilian steelworkers
Authors: Schoemaker Minouk J , Barreto Sandhi M , Swerdlow Anthony J , Higgins Craig D , Carpenter Robert G 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVESWorkers in the steel industry are exposed to various severe hazards. This study investigated risk factors for non-fatal injury occurring in the workplace and during travel to and from work in steelworkers in Brazil.METHODSNon-fatal work related injuries during employment from January 1977 to September 1992 were analysed in a cohort of 21 732 male workers in the steel plant of USIMINAS, Brazil.RESULTSThere were 14 972 non-fatal injuries during follow up, with 10 891 injuries in the workplace and 4081 during travel to and from work (travel to work injury). The rate of injury in the workplace was 5.6/100 person-years and that of travel to work injury was 2.1/100 person-years. The most common injuries were to hands, arms, and eyes, with 90% of the eye injuries caused by a foreign body. Both rates of workplace and travel to work injury increased significantly with the number of injuries previously experienced, and decreased with number of years in employment and calendar period. The rates of travel to work injury also seemed to decrease with age, but age was not an independent predictor of workplace injury when we controlled for duration of employment. The rate of workplace injury was increased eightfold for workers who had experienced more than six previous injuries compared with those with no previous workplace injuries after adjusting for duration of employment and calendar period. Labourers were most at risk of workplace injury, with about eight injuries per 100 person-years. Travel to work injury was most common among support workers, with nearly half of the travel to work injuries affecting the eyes.CONCLUSIONThe rate of injury was high in these steelworks, both for workplace and travel to work injuries. Characteristics of the work areas and the employees can identify high risk groups; protective measures, safety, health training, and injury programmes should concentrate particularly on these groups. Prevention of eye injury needs special attention in steelworks.
Cross sectional and longitudinal study on selenium, glutathione peroxidase, smoking, and occupational exposure in coal miners
Authors: Nadif R , Oryszczyn M-P , Fradier-Dusch M , Hellier G , Bertrand J-P , Pham Q-T , Kauffmann F 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVESTo understand the variations of selenium (Se) concentration relative to changes in occupational exposure to coal dust, taking into account age and changes in smoking habits in miners surveyed twice, in 1990 and 1994. To better understand the relation of Se concentration with glutathione peroxidase activities (GSH-Px) in these miners.METHODSIn 1994, blood samples were obtained from active (n=131) and retired (n=40) miners without coal worker's pneumoconiosis, in whom Se concentration was available at both surveys and in whom International Labour Organisation (ILO) profusion grade had not been changed. Active miners were exposed to high dust concentrations (n=48) or low dust concentrations (n=83). Miners were classified into three subgroups according to their estimated cumulative exposure to dust, and into three subgroups according to their smoking habits.RESULTSSelenium concentration and GSH-Px activities were significantly lower in active than in retired miners (Se adjusted means: 62.6v72.2 ng/ml p=0.01). Moreover, Se concentration was lower in miners exposed to high compared with those exposed to low dust concentrations (adjusted means: 59.4v65.8). In miners exposed to high dust concentrations, Se concentration was significantly lower whereas erythrocyte GSH-Px activity was significantly higher in the subgroup with estimated cumulative exposure >68 mg/m3.y. In all miners, plasma GSH-Px activity was correlated with Se concentration (r=0.22, p<0.005). The 4 year Se changes were negatively related to exposure to high dust concentrations and positively related to change in exposure from high to retirement and to change from smoker to ex-smoker (p=0.01).CONCLUSIONThe variations of Se concentration in relation to changes in occupational exposure to coal dust and in smoking habits, and the close correlation found between plasma Se concentration and GSH-Px activity suggest that both are required in antioxidant defence. These results agree well with the hypothesis that the decrease in Se concentration reflects its use against reactive oxygen species generated by exposure to coal mine dust and by smoking.
Effects of air pollution on general practitioner consultations for upper respiratory diseases in London
Authors: Hajat S , Anderson H R , Atkinson R W , Haines A 
Published: July 2002

Objectives: Few published studies have examined the effect of air pollution on upper respiratory conditions. Furthermore, most epidemiological studies on air pollution focus on mortality or hospital admissions as the main health outcomes, but very rarely consider the effect in primary care. If pollution effects do exist then the public health impact could be considerable because of the many patient contacts involved. We investigated the relation between air pollution and upper respiratory disease as reflected in number of consultations made at family practices in London.Methods: The study used non-parametric methods of analysis of time series data, adjusting for seasonal factors, day of the week, holiday effects, influenza, weather, pollen concentrations, and serial correlation.Results: It was estimated that a 10–90th percentile change (13–31 μg/m3) in sulphur dioxide (SO2) measures resulted in a small increase in numbers of childhood consultation: 3.5% (95% confidence interval (95% CI 1.4% to 5.8%). Stronger associations were found in the case of a 10–90th percentile change (16–47 μg/m3) in fine particles (PM10) in adults aged 15–64 5.7% (2.9% to 8.6%), and in adults aged 65 and over: 10.2% (5.3% to 15.3%). In general, associations were strongest in elderly people, weakest in the children, and were largely found in the winter months for these two age groups, and in the summer months for adults aged 15–64. An apparent decrease in consultations was associated with ozone concentrations but this was most pronounced in colder months when ozone concentrations were at their lowest.Conclusions: The results suggest an adverse effect of air pollution on consultations for upper respiratory symptoms, in particular in the case of PM10and SO2. The effects are relatively small; however, due to the many consultations made in primary care, the impact on demand for services could be considerable.
Sri Lankan health care provision and medical education: a discussion
Authors: Paskins Z 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
My elective was spent at a teaching hospital in Galle, in Sri Lanka. My time was spent shadowing final year students in the specialties of general medicine and paediatrics. This period provided me with much food for thought in comparing and contrasting the health service in Sri Lanka with that of the UK and also considering the differences in the style of medical education. In addition, during my stay, I was able to gain some appreciation of the political and organisational problems faced by a country in the midst of a civil war.
In this report, I have attempted to integrate an account of my observations with a discussion of the thoughts and emotions that I experienced while working in a developing country. Studying in Sri Lanka facilitated my appreciation of facets of British health care and medical education that I had not previously considered. However, fewer resources do not necessarily mean poorer patient care: could Britain have something to learn from the Sri Lankan Health Service?
Adenosine provokes diastolic dysfunction in microvascular angina
Authors: Vinereanu D , Fraser A G , Robinson M , Lee A , Tweddel A 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Adenosine stress echocardiography was performed in nine patients (58 (±3) years, eight women) with documented microvascular angina. Global ventricular function was assessed by Tc99m blood pool imaging and Doppler, whereas longitudinal ventricular function was assessed by simultaneous tissue Doppler echocardiography of the lateral mitral annulus. Adenosine was infused incrementally to onset of chest pain in all patients. There was no significant change in global or longitudinal systolic function. Adenosine induced global diastolic dysfunction, demonstrated by blood pool imaging and by Doppler of the transmitral flow. All patients had long axis diastolic dysfunction at peak adenosine, revealed by a ratio of early to late diastolic velocity of lateral mitral annulus &lt;1, which was absent at rest. Adenosine, as a stress agent, provokes regional and global diastolic dysfunction in microvascular angina, which may be a consequence of subendocardial ischaemia. Long axis diastolic dysfunction can be easily revealed by tissue Doppler of the lateral annular motion.
AN ARCHITECTURE OF FUSING COMMUNICATION AND EXECUTION FOR GLOBAL DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
Authors: AMAMIYA MAKOTO , TANIGUCHI HIDEO , MATSUZAKI TAKANORI 
Published: July 2002

We are pursuing the FUCE architecture project at Kyushu University. FUCE means FUsion of Communication and Execution. The main objective of our research is, as the name shows, to develop a new architecture that truly fuses communication and computation. The FUCE project develops a new on-chip-multi-processor and kernel software on it. We name the processor FUCE processor, and the kernel software as CEFOS (Communication and Execution Fusion OS). The FUCE processor is designed as a network node processor to perform mainly switching/transmitting of messages/transaction and handling its contents. FUCE processor architecture is designed as a multiprocessor-on-chip to support the fine-grain multi-threading. The kernel software CEFOS is also developed on the concept of multithreading. User and system processes are constructed as a set of threads, which are executed concurrently according to thread dependences.
COMPARISON OF DENSITY FUNCTIONAL APPROXIMATIONS IN THE JELLIUM MODEL FOR METAL CLUSTERS
Authors: FIOLHAIS CARLOS , ALMEIDA L. M. 
Published: July 2002

We calculated the exchange, correlation and total energies of clusters of alkali metals with N=1-150 atoms in the spherical jellium model. The calculations were made using the Kohn-Sham method with exchange and correlation energies evaluated in the meta-generalized gradient approximation (MGGA), proposed by J. P. Perdew, S. Kurth, A. Zupan and P. Blaha, in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of J. P. Perdew, K. Burke and M. Ernzerhof, and in the Local Density Approximation (LDA). We evaluated the relative deviations of MGGA and GGA energies with respect to LDA. Exchange energies of MGGA and GGA are more negative than the LDA exchange energy and become closer to this as the cluster size increases. On the other hand, the GGA and MGGA correlation energies, which are almost identical, are less negative than LDA. The deviations of GGA and MGGA exchange-correlation energies with respect to LDA are smaller than those of the exchange and correlation energies separately. For clusters with 18 and 20 atoms we have compared our jellium results with Variational and Diffusion Monte-Carlo results. Errors of LDA for exchange and correlation tend to cancel so that the total exchange-correlation energy is close to the Monte-Carlo results. Similar cancellations occur with GGA and MGGA. We also examined the validity of the liquid drop model.
Characteristics of Hg-Based Superconductors Prepared at 0.2 GPa by Hip
Authors: Celotti G. , Tampieri A. , Rinaldi D. 
Published: July 2002

The preparation of Hg(Pb)BCCO (1201) and (1223) phases was performed by hot-isostatic-pressing (HIP) using simple oxides as precursors canned in silver tube. In the case of Hg 0.8 Pb 0.2 Ba 2 CuO 4+δ the preparation, carried out at 800 °C and 0.2 GPa for 5 hrs, yielded a single phase bulk sample. On the other hand the preparation of Hg 0.8 Pb 0.2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 8+δ at 820 °C and 0.2 Gpa for 5 hrs allowed the attainment of a high volume fraction of 1223 phase. Magnetic susceptibility of 1201 phase showed a granular transition around 90 K; in the case of 1223 the value was ≈128 K followed by a broadened intergranular transition. These results show the feasibility of 1201 phase synthesis with high purity and of 1223 phase in large amount (>80%). The possibility to obtain the samples directly in form of dense bulks (with density ≥ 85%) stresses the importance of this technique in relation to the intrinsic low thermal stability of the superconducting phases.
MIDDLEWARE FOR BUILDING ADAPTIVE MIGRATORY CONTINUOUS MEDIA APPLICATIONS
Authors: NAKAJIMA TATSUO , AIZU HIROYUKI 
Published: July 2002

In this paper, we propose a middleware system for building adaptive migratory continuous media applications. In future computing environments, a variety of objects at home and in offices will embed computers, and various applications will be moved among these computers according to the user's locations. For example, a computer that executes an application may be changed to another computer according to the location of the application's user for monitoring his behavior. However, since the computers may have dramatically different hardware and software configurations, the application cannot be moved without taking into account the configurations of the computers that the application is migrated. Therefore, migratory applications should be aware of environments where they are executed. The paper focuses on middleware for building adaptive migratory continuous media applications that are one of the most important classes of migratory applications. Our middleware consists of three components. The first component is an environment server that monitors computing environments that applications run, and it notifies the changes of the environments to the applications. The second component is a continuous media toolkit that enables us to build adaptive migratory continuous media applications easily. The toolkit enables us to build continuous media applications in a highly configurable way. This makes applications to be adapted to every computing environment by changing their configurations. The third component is a migration manager that makes applications migratory. We also show an example of a migratory application, and describe some experiences with building the application.
CONGENITAL TRUE COMPLETE SYMPHALANGISM OF ALL PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS OF HANDS WITH CARPAL ANOMALIES: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Tuncay Ibrahim , Akpinar Fuat , Tosun Nihat 
Published: July 2002

Symphalangism is a rare condition which manifests in either PIP or DIP joint congenital fusion. Symphalangism may be with some other skeletal deformities. In our case, all PIP joints of both hands were fused with bilateral hypoplasia of carpal bones and Minaar type III lunatotriquetral coalition congenitally. No motion was detected in PIP joints with absence of cutaneous creases over all PIP joints. Radiologically, carpal hypoplasia and lunatotriquetral coalition were seen in all fingers with the absence of PIP joints. The patient's skeletal survey revealed no other pathology. He had no complaints related to his hands. So, regular follow-up was recommended. This pathology was presented as rarely observed although clinical problem is usually not so much.
TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: MAKING A BUSINESS PROCESS PERSPECTIVE PART OF INVESTMENT APPRAISAL
Authors: LLOYD ASHLEY D. 
Published: July 2002

Investments in technology are an important focus for innovation but, like other forms of change, they also carry risk. The risk associated with a poor decision in part depends on the number of processes impacted by the technology, ranging from low with a small and reversible production line enhancement, to high with the irreversible implementation of an enterprise-wide information system. In terms of competitiveness, just as a local innovation can remove efficiency-sapping bottlenecks from a wide range of related business processes, so can the same business processes amplify any negative effects. This paper reports on an ESRC Innovation Programme funded project that has made a detailed study of investments in both the manufacturing and service sectors. Detailed maps of the business processes related to an investment have been recorded both before and after implementation to allow identification of where process versus technology benefits actually arise. These observations are used to construct a framework for investment appraisal that links local enhancements to process performance improvements experienced by the customer. In addition to providing a benchmark for future competitive enhancements of the technology/process, the standardised maps may also help the transfer of technologies across, and between, organisations.
Delivery of time-critical messages using a multiple copy approach
Authors: Ramanathan Parameswaran , Shin Kang G. 
Published: July 2002

Reliable and timely delivery of messages between processing nodes is essential in distributed real-time systems. Failure to deliver a message within its deadline usually forces the system to undertake a recovery action, which introduces some cost (or overhead) to the system. This recovery cost can be very high, especially when the recovery action fails due to lack of time or resources.
Proposed in this paper is a scheme to minimize the expected cost incurred as a result of messages failing to meet their deadlines. The scheme is intended for distributed real-time systems, especially with a point-to-point interconnection topology. The goal of minimizing the expected cost is achieved by sending multiple copies of a message through disjoint routes and thus increasing the probability of successful message delivery within the deadline. However, as the number of copies increases, the message traffic on the network increases, thereby increasing the delivery time for each of the copies. There is therefore a tradeoff between the number of copies of each message and the expected cost incurred as a result of messages missing their deadlines. The number of copies of each message to be sent is determined by optimizing this tradeoff. Simulation results for a hexagonal mesh and a hypercube topology indicate that the expected cost can be lowered substantially by the proposed scheme.
A prototype system for the electronic storage and retrieval of document images
Authors: Thoma G. R. , Suthasinekul S. , Walker F. L. , Cookson J. , Rashidian M. 
Published: July 2002

A prototype system has been implemented for electronic scanning, digitization, storage, retrieval, and display of images of biomedical documents. Paper documents are scanned and digitized at a scan density of 200 picture elements (pels) per inch by either a high-speed loose-leaf scanner with an automatic document transport or a book scanner with a manual book holder. Each scanner employs a high-resolution charge-coupled device (CCD) linear array operating at a sampling rate close to 10 MHz. The analog output signal of the CCD array is digitized into 1 bit per pixel two-tone images by means of dynamic thresholding. The digitized images are stored on magnetic disks to be processed and will eventually be transferred onto optical disks for archival storage. Existing on-line bibliographic databases developed by the National Library of Medicine are used as directories for the retrieval of document images. These images are displayed at a resolution of 200 pels/inch in both soft-copy (raster-refreshed CRT) and hard-copy forms.
This prototype system, developed as part of a research and development program, offers the opportunity to investigate the areas of document image enhancement, image compression, and omnifont text recognition and to conduct experiments designed to answer key questions on the role of electronic document storage and retrieval technology in library information processing and the preservation of library documents.