bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aliénation et appartenance dans l’écriture de Mongo Beti après son retour au Cameroun
Authors: Taoua Phyllis 
Published: May 2017

Dans cet essai, je considère le retour de Mongo Beti au Cameroun après son exil en France comme une expérience d’aliénation que l’auteur cherche à surmonter en raison de son besoin d’appartenance à sa communauté d’origine. Si les conséquences de son éloignement et la souffrance de se sentir marginalisé dans une société soumise à la dictature sont bien compréhensibles, il faut cependant reconnaître que l’aliénation est aussi une source de motivation, un dilemme à dépasser et une interpellation à laquelle répondre. La volonté de dépassement de Mongo Beti est justement liée à sa croyance d’appartenir à un projet plus vaste que sa personne : celui d’une véritable libération nationale, d’une lutte pour la démocratie et l’avènement de la justice sociale.
A public dataset of running biomechanics and the effects of running speed on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics
Authors: Fukuchi Reginaldo K. , Fukuchi Claudiane A. , Duarte Marcos 
Published: May 2017

Background
The goals of this study were (1) to present the set of data evaluating running biomechanics (kinematics and kinetics), including data on running habits, demographics, and levels of muscle strength and flexibility made available at Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4543435); and (2) to examine the effect of running speed on selected gait-biomechanics variables related to both running injuries and running economy.

Methods
The lower-extremity kinematics and kinetics data of 28 regular runners were collected using a three-dimensional (3D) motion-capture system and an instrumented treadmill while the subjects ran at 2.5 m/s, 3.5 m/s, and 4.5 m/s wearing standard neutral shoes.

Results
A dataset comprising raw and processed kinematics and kinetics signals pertaining to this experiment is available in various file formats. In addition, a file of metadata, including demographics, running characteristics, foot-strike patterns, and muscle strength and flexibility measurements is provided. Overall, there was an effect of running speed on most of the gait-biomechanics variables selected for this study. However, the foot-strike patterns were not affected by running speed.

Discussion
Several applications of this dataset can be anticipated, including testing new methods of data reduction and variable selection; for educational purposes; and answering specific research questions. This last application was exemplified in the study’s second objective.
Hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas Oil with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 as Double Promoted Catalyst
Authors: Marlinda Lenny , Al-Muttaqii Muhammad , Gunardi Ignatius , Roesyadi Achmad , Prajitno Danawati Hari 
Published: May 2017

The effect of various reaction temperature on the hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas oil to produce a paraffin-rich mixture of hydrocarbons with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 as doubled promoted catalyst were studied. The Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst with various metal loading and metal ratio was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, AAS, and N2 adsorption-desorption. Surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume of catalysts decreased with the increasing of metals loading. The hydrocracking process was conducted under hydrogen initial pressure in batch reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer. The reaction was carried out at a temperature of 300-375 oC for 2 h. Depending on the experimental condition, the reaction pressure changed between 10 bar and 15 bar. Several parameters were used to evaluate biofuel produced, including oxygen removal, hydrocarbon composition and gasoline/kerosene/diesel yields. Biofuel was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The composition of hydrocarbon compounds in liquid products was similar to the compounds in the gasoil sold in unit of Pertamina Gas Stations, namely pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, and nonadecane with different amounts for each biofuel produced at different reaction temperatures. However, isoparaffin compounds were not formed at all operating conditions. Pentadecane (n-C15) and heptadecane (n-C17) were the most abundant composition in gasoil when Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was used. Cerbera Manghas oil can be recommended as the source of non-edible vegetable oil to produce gasoil as an environmentally friendly transportation fuel.
Partial Oxidation of Propylene over as Prepared and Acid Enriched Bi2Mo1-xWxO6 System
Authors: Parab Shambhu Sakharam , Naik S.J. , Salker A.V. 
Published: May 2017

The compounds Bi2Mo1-xWxO6 (x = 0.0, 0.2, and 0.4) were obtained through a Citrate sol-gel process. Thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques were used for characterization. Reitveld refinement of the XRD data confirmed the crystal structure of all the compositions to be orthorhombic, having Pca21 space group. XPS studies indicated the presence of +6 as well as +4 oxidation state for Mo. Surface acid enrichment of all the catalysts was done and monitored by NH3-TPD studies. Partial oxidation of propylene was studied over all the compounds. The W doping was found to increase the catalytic activity. Moreover, as-prepared catalysts and acid enriched catalysts were compared for their catalytic activity wherein, acid-enriched catalysts showed the improved conversion of propylene without hampering the product selectivity profile.
Synthesis of SrO.SiO2 Catalyst and Its Application in the Transesterification Reactions of Soybean Oil
Authors: Widiarti Nuni , Suryana Lisa Amalia , Wijayati Nanik , Rahayu Endah Fitriani , Harjito Harjito , Wardhana Samuel Budi , Prasetyoko Didik , Suprapto Suprapto 
Published: May 2017

The synthesis and characterization of SrO.SiO2 were carried out. The rice hull ash was utilized as a source for SiO2. The SrO.SiO2 was prepared by sol-gel technique, and the ratios of SrO:SiO2 were varied as 0:1, 1:0, 3:2, 2:4, and 2:7. The sol-gel was calcined at 800 oC for 4 hours. The result was characterized using XRD and FTIR. The diffraction pattern shows that the diffraction angle was shifted, and the intensity of the main peaks was increased. This research indicated that the crystallinity of SrO was improved at the higher SiO content. Further, a new peak was observed in the IR spectra at a wavenumber of 900 cm-1 indicating the appearance of new functional groups of the SrO.SiO2. The catalytic activity of SrO.SiO2 on transesterification reaction was optimized. The optimum condition was obtained at SrO.SiO2 of 2:7, reaction time of 30 minutes, reaction temperature of 65 oC, the amount of catalyst of 1 % w/v of reactants, and the biodiesel yield of 96.66 %.
Biodiesel Production from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) Oil using Ionic Liquid as A Catalyst and Microwave Heating System
Authors: Handayani Prima Astuti , Abdullah Abdullah , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto 
Published: May 2017

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) is a typical Indonesian plant. Its seed contains abundant inedible oil, and therefore it is potential for biodiesel feedstock. The current issues of biodiesel are longer reaction time of oil to biodiesel through transesterification reaction and lower biodiesel yield due to ineffective use of a homogenous catalyst. This work was aimed to use an ionic liquid as a catalyst and equipped with microwave heating as the heating system in order to increase the biodiesel yield and accelerate the process. Effects of the catalyst concentration and power of microwave irradiation to the biodiesel yield were studied. The ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (BMIMHSO4) was used as a catalyst. The results showed that the highest biodiesel yield was achieved of 92.81% which was catalyzed by IL0.5NaOH0.5 (0.5 wt.% (BMIMHSO4) + 0.5 wt.% NaOH) with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9, a reaction time of 6 minutes, and the microwave temperature was 60 °C.
Kinetics of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sweet Cassava Starch and Bitter Cassava Flour and Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) Flour at Low Temperature
Authors: Hargono Hargono , Jos Bakti , Kumoro Andri Cahyo 
Published: May 2017

Starch is a potential substrate for this purpose, but the extra cost is needed to hydrolyze it into reducing sugar. As an alternative to the expensive and energy demanding conventional hydrolysis process, the low-temperature hydrolysis is being studied. Granular Starch Hydrolysing Enzyme (GSHE) was used in the process to degrade starch into reducing sugar at 30°C and pH 4. The substrates included bitter cassava flour, sweet cassava starch, and gadung flour. Starch concentrations studied were 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 g/L, respectively, while concentration of enzyme was 1.5 % (w/w). The optimum condition of the process was hydrolysis using 200 g/L of substrate concentration and enzyme concentration of 1.5% for 12 h. It was found that the reducing sugar was 49.3 g/L and the productivity of reducing sugar (Qrs) was 4.11 (gL-1 h-1). Lineweaver-Burk plot of Michaelis-Menten equation was used to study the inhibition kinetics. The Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) for these three substrates were determined as 141.64 g/L, 137,64 g/L and 140.84 g/L for bitter cassava flour, sweet cassava starch, and gadung flour, respectively. The value of Vm/Km, which denotes the affinity of the enzyme to the substrate, were determined and compared, and the result showed that the affinity (Vm) to the enzyme to this substrate followed the order of sweet cassava starch˃ bitter cassava flour˃ gadung flour, and all are non-competitive inhibitor, while the Ki value was 0.022 h -1.
Panitumumab interaction with TAS‐102 leads to combinational anticancer effects via blocking of EGFR‐mediated tumor response to trifluridine
Authors: Baba Yuji , Tamura Toshiya , Satoh Yoshihiko , Gotou Masamitsu , Sawada Hiroshi , Ebara Shunsuke , Shibuya Kazunori , Soeda Jumpei , Nakamura Kazuhide 
Published: May 2017

Panitumumab is a monoclonal antibody developed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). TAS‐102 is a novel chemotherapeutic agent containing trifluridine (FTD) as the active cytotoxic component. Both panitumumab and TAS‐102 have been approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. In this study, we revealed the mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of panitumumab/TAS‐102 combination using preclinical models. Panitumumab/FTD cotreatment showed additive antiproliferative effects in LIM1215 and synergistic antiproliferative effects in SW48 colon cancer cells. Consistent with the in vitro effects, panitumumab/TAS‐102 combination caused tumor regression in LIM1215 and COL‐01‐JCK colon cancer patient‐derived xenograft models. In LIM1215 cells, FTD induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/protein kinase B (AKT)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and subsequent serine/threonine phosphorylation of EGFR, while it had no effects on EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. Panitumumab and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib reduced the basal level of EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation and reversed FTD‐induced ERK/AKT/STAT3 and EGFR serine/threonine phosphorylation. These results suggested that FTD in combination with the basal activity of EGFR tyrosine kinase induced downstream prosurvival signaling through ERK/AKT/STAT3 phosphorylation. Collectively, we propose that panitumumab interacts with FTD by targeting EGFR‐mediated adaptive responses, thereby exerting anticancer effects when used in combination with TAS‐102. These preclinical findings provide a compelling rationale for evaluating the combination of anti‐EGFR antibodies with TAS‐102 against metastatic colorectal cancer.
Relativistic electron's butterfly pitch angle distribution modulated by localized background magnetic field perturbation driven by hot ring current ions
Authors: Xiong Ying , Chen Lunjin , Xie Lun , Fu Suiyan , Xia Zhiyang , Pu Zuyin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDayside modulated relativistic electron's butterfly pitch angle distributions (PADs) from ∼200 keV to 2.6 MeV were observed by Van Allen Probe B at L = 5.3 on 15 November 2013. They were associated with localized magnetic dip driven by hot ring current ion (60–100 keV proton and 60–200 keV helium and oxygen) injections. We reproduce the electron's butterfly PADs at satellite's location using test particle simulation. The simulation results illustrate that a negative radial flux gradient contributes primarily to the formation of the modulated electron's butterfly PADs through inward transport due to the inductive electric field, while deceleration due to the inductive electric field and pitch angle change also makes in part contribution. We suggest that localized magnetic field perturbation, which is a frequent phenomenon in the magnetosphere during magnetic disturbances, is of great importance for creating electron's butterfly PADs in the Earth's radiation belts.
New suprathermal proton population around the Moon: Observation by SARA on Chandrayaan‐1
Authors: Dhanya M. B. , Bhardwaj Anil , Futaana Yoshifumi , Barabash Stas , Wieser Martin , Holmström Mats , Wurz Peter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report a new population of suprathermal H+ (∼1.5–3 times the solar wind energy) around the Moon observed by Solar Wind Monitor (SWIM)/Sub‐keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer (SARA) on Chandrayaan‐1. These ions have large initial velocity (>100 km s−1) and are observed on the dayside, near the terminator, and in the near‐wake region (100–200 km above the surface), when the Moon is located outside Earth's bow shock. Backtracing suggests that the source is located >500 km above the dayside lunar surface. Possible sources considered for these ions are ionization of backscattered lunar energetic neutral hydrogen atoms, ionization of lunar exospheric hydrogen, inner source pickup ions, interstellar pickup ions, ionization of neutral solar wind, and solar wind H+ reflected from Earth's bow shock. The comparison of the observed flux (density) with that expected from these sources and the velocity distribution suggests that an additional source is required to explain the population.
Fine particle pH during severe haze episodes in northern China
Authors: Liu Mingxu , Song Yu , Zhou Tian , Xu Zhenying , Yan Caiqing , Zheng Mei , Wu Zhijun , Hu Min , Wu Yusheng , Zhu Tong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAerosol acidity plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. China emits large amounts of SO2, NOx, and NH3 into the atmosphere, but aerosol acidity is poorly characterized. In this study, simultaneous 1 h measurements of particulate and gaseous compositions along with the ISORROPIA‐II thermodynamic equilibrium model were used to study aerosol acidity during severe haze episodes in northern China. The summed concentration of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium was 135 ± 51 μg/m3 with a maximum of 250 μg/m3, and the gas‐phase NH3 mixing ratio was 22 ± 9 ppb. Fine particles were moderately acidic, with a pH range of 3.0–4.9 and an average of 4.2, which was higher than those in the United States and Europe. Excess NH3 and high aerosol water content are responsible for the relatively lower aerosol acidity. These results suggest that the new pathways for sulfate production in China proposed by recent studies should be revisited.
Equatorial ionospheric electrodynamics during solar flares
Authors: Zhang Ruilong , Liu Libo , Le Huijun , Chen Yiding 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrevious investigations on ionospheric responses to solar flares focused mainly on the photoionization caused by the increased X‐rays and extreme ultraviolet irradiance. However, little attention was paid to the related electrodynamics. In this letter, we explored the equatorial electric field (EEF) and electrojet (EEJ) in the ionosphere at Jicamarca during flares from 1998 to 2008. It is verified that solar flares increase dayside eastward EEJ but decrease dayside eastward EEF, revealing a negative correlation between EEJ and EEF. The decreased EEF weakens the equatorial fountain effect and depresses the low‐latitude electron density. During flares, the enhancement in the Cowling conductivity may modulate ionospheric dynamo and decrease the EEF. Besides, the decreased EEF is closely related to the enhanced ASY‐H index that qualitatively reflects Region 2 field‐aligned current (R2 FAC). We speculated that solar flares may also decrease EEF through enhancing R2 FAC that leads to an overshielding‐like effect.
Imaging the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake with teleseismic P waves: A cascading rupture across multiple faults
Authors: Zhang Hao , Koper Keith D. , Pankow Kristine , Ge Zengxi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe 13 November 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake was investigated using teleseismic P waves. Backprojection of high‐frequency P waves from two regional arrays shows unilateral rupture of at least two southwest‐northeast striking faults with an average rupture speed of 1.4–1.6 km/s and total duration of ~100 s. Guided by these backprojection results, 33 globally distributed low‐frequency P waves were inverted for a finite fault model (FFM) of slip. The FFM showed evidence of several subevents; however, it lacked significant moment release near the epicenter, where a large burst of high‐frequency energy was observed. A local strong‐motion network recorded strong shaking near the epicenter; hence, for this earthquake the distribution of backprojection energy is superior to the FFM as a guide of strong shaking. For future large earthquakes that occur in regions without strong‐motion networks, initial shaking estimates could benefit from backprojection constraints.
Blue carbon oxidation revealed by radiogenic and stable isotopes in a mangrove system
Authors: Maher Damien T. , Santos Isaac R. , Schulz Kai G. , Call Mitchell , Jacobsen Geraldine E. , Sanders Christian J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMangroves are among the most carbon‐rich ecosystems on Earth and can sequester carbon in sediments over long timescales. Here we assess whether century‐old buried carbon may be remineralized and exported by measuring Δ14C in the exported dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as well as sediment Δ14C profiles in a subtropical mangrove. Pore water exchange released isotopically depleted, old DIC to surface waters. Keeling plots revealed that the source of DIC to surface waters had a δ13C‐DIC value of −29.4 ±1.9‰ and Δ14C‐DIC value of −73±9‰. The respired and exported carbon comes from an average depth of ~40 cm, equivalent to ~100 years of sediment accumulation. Therefore, century‐old sequestered carbon is still susceptible to remineralization and tidal export to the coastal ocean via pore water exchange or submarine groundwater discharge. We suggest that the timescales over which blue carbon burial is assessed should consider carbon losses via pore water exchange.
The nonlinear behavior of whistler waves at the reconnecting dayside magnetopause as observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission: A case study
Authors: Wilder F. D. , Ergun R. E. , Newman D. L. , Goodrich K. A. , Trattner K. J. , Goldman M. V. , Eriksson S. , Jaynes A. N. , Leonard T. , Malaspina D. M. , Ahmadi N. , Schwartz S. J. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Argall M. R. , Giles B. L. , Phan T. D. , Le Contel O. , Graham D. B. , Khotyaintsev Yu V. , Strangeway R. J. , Russell C. T. , Magnes W. , Plaschke F. , Lindqvist P.‐A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe show observations of whistler mode waves in both the low‐latitude boundary layer (LLBL) and on closed magnetospheric field lines during a crossing of the dayside reconnecting magnetopause by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission on 11 October 2015. The whistlers in the LLBL were on the electron edge of the magnetospheric separatrix and exhibited high propagation angles with respect to the background field, approaching 40°, with bursty and nonlinear parallel electric field signatures. The whistlers in the closed magnetosphere had Poynting flux that was more field aligned. Comparing the reduced electron distributions for each event, the magnetospheric whistlers appear to be consistent with anisotropy‐driven waves, while the distribution in the LLBL case includes anisotropic backward resonant electrons and a forward resonant beam at near half the electron‐Alfvén speed. Results are compared with the previously published observations by MMS on 19 September 2015 of LLBL whistler waves. The observations suggest that whistlers in the LLBL can be both beam and anisotropy driven, and the relative contribution of each might depend on the distance from the X line.
Short‐term variability of aragonite saturation state in the central Mid‐Atlantic Bight
Authors: Xu Yuan‐Yuan , Cai Wei‐Jun , Gao Yonghui , Wanninkhof Rik , Salisbury Joseph , Chen Baoshan , Reimer Janet J. , Gonski Stephen , Hussain Najid 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere has resulted in a decrease in seawater aragonite saturation state (Ωarag), which affects the health of carbonate‐bearing organisms and the marine ecosystem. A substantial short‐term variability of surface water Ωarag, with an increase of up to 0.32, was observed in the central Mid‐Atlantic Bight off the Delaware and the Chesapeake Bays over a short period of 10 days in summer 2015. High‐frequency underway measurements for temperature, salinity, percentage saturation of dissolved oxygen, oxygen to argon ratio, pH, fCO2, and measurements based on discrete samples for pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, and total alkalinity are used to investigate how physical and biogeochemical processes contribute to the changes of Ωarag. Quantitative analyses show that physical advection and mixing processes are the dominant forces for higher Ωarag in slope waters while biological carbon removal and CO2 degassing contribute to increased Ωarag in shelf waters.
Interferons
Authors: Ahmed Chulbul M , Johnson Howard M 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Interferons are a group of proteins defined primarily by their antiviral properties. There are three major types based on gene and protein structure, as well as receptors unique to the types. Type I interferons are composed of 15 or more members, type II of only one member and type III of four members. In addition to their defining antiviral activity, the interferons are multifunctional as immune regulators, cell function modulators and antitumor agents. Tyrosine kinases called Janus kinases (JAKs) and transcription factors called signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are key players in gene activation by interferons, but the specificity of such activation is best understood in the context of ligand and receptor along with JAKs and STATs at the response elements of genes specifically activated by interferons.

Key Concepts

Interferons are a crucial group of proteins defined by their broad‐spectrum antiviral properties.

In addition to their antiviral properties, interferons play a key role in positive and negative immune regulation.

Type I interferon, β, negatively regulates the immune system and is thus a therapeutic for multiple sclerosis.

Type I interferon, α, exacerbates the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus.

The JAK/STAT signal transduction system plays a key role in gene activation by interferons.

The non‐canonical pathway of interferon signalling provides insight into the specificity of genetic and epigenetic aspects of interferon signalling.

The interferon system is a prototype for other cytokines, growth factors and hormones that use the JAK/STAT system.