bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penberthycroftite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]·8H2O, a second new hydrated aluminium arsenate mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, UK
Authors: Grey I. E. , Betterton J. , Kampf A. R. , Macrae C. M. , Shanks F. L. , Price J. R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPenberthycroftite, ideally [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]·8H2O, is a new secondary aluminium arsenate mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, England, UK. It occurs as tufts of white, ultrathin (sub-micrometre) rectangular laths, with lateral dimensions generally < 20 μm. The laths are flattened on {010} and elongated on [100]. The mineral is associated with arsenopyrite, bettertonite, bulachite, cassiterite, chalcopyrite, chamosite, goethite, liskeardite, pharmacoalumite–pharmacosiderite and quartz. Penberthycroftite is translucent with a white streak and a vitreous to pearly lustre. The calculated density is 2.18 g/cm3. Optically, only the lower and upper refractive indices could be measured, 1.520(1) and 1.532(1) respectively. No pleochroism was observed. Electron microprobe analyses (average of 14) with H2O obtained from thermogravimetric analysis and analyses normalized to 100% gave Al2O3 = 31.3, Fe2O3 = 0.35, As2O5 = 34.1, SO3 = 2.15 and H2O = 32.1. The empirical formula, based on nine metal atoms and 26 framework anions is [Al5.96Fe0.04(As0.97Al0.03O4)3(SO4)0.26(OH)8.30(H2O)5.44](H2O)7.8, corresponding to the ideal formula [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]·8H2O. Penberthycroftite is monoclinic, space group P21/c with unit-cell dimensions (100 K): a = 7.753(2) Å, b = 24.679(5) Å, c = 15.679(3) Å and β = 94.19(3)°. The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [dobs in Å(I) (hkl)] 13.264(46) (011); 12.402(16)(020); 9.732(100)(021); 7.420(28)(110); 5.670(8)(130); 5.423(6)(1̄31). The structure of penberthycroftite was solved using synchrotron single-crystal diffraction data and refined to wRobs = 0.059 for 1639 observed (I> 3σ(I)) reflections. Penberthycroftite has a heteropolyhedral layer structure, with the layers parallel to {010}. The layers are strongly undulating and their stacking produces large channels along [100] that are filled with water molecules. The layers are identical to those in bettertonite, but they are displaced relative to one another along [001] and [010] such that the interlayer volume is decreased markedly (by ∼10%)relative to that in bettertonite, with a corresponding reduction in the interlayer water content from 11 H2O per formula unit (pfu) in bettertonite to 8 H2O pfu in penberthycroftite.
Composition of zircons from the Cornubian Batholith of SW England and comparison with zircons from other European Variscan rare-metal granites
Authors: Breiter Karel , Müller Axel , Shail Robin , Simons Beth 
Published: December 2016

AbstractZircon from 14 representative granite samples of the late-Variscan Cornubian Batholith in SW England was analysed for W, P, As, Nb, Ta, Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, U, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, Al, Sc, Bi, Mn, Fe, Ca, Pb, Cu, S and F using electron probe microanalyses. Zircons from the biotite and tourmaline granites are poor in minor and trace elements, usually containing 1.0–1.5 wt.% HfO2, <0.5 wt.% UO2 and P2O5, <0.25 wt.% Y2O3, <0.2 wt.% Sc2O3 and Bi2O3 and <0.1 wt.% ThO2. Zircon from topaz granites from the St. Austell Pluton, Meldon Aplite and Megiliggar Rocks are slightly enriched in Hf (up to 4 wt.% HfO2), U (1– 3.5 wt.% UO2) and Sc (0.5–1 wt.% Sc2O3). Scarce metamictized zircon grains are somewhat enriched in Al, Ca, Fe and Mn. The decrease of the zircon Zr/Hf ratio, a reliable magma fractionation index, from 110–60 in the biotite granites to 30–10 in the most evolved topaz granites (Meldon Aplite and Megiliggar Rocks), supports a comagmatic origin of the biotite and topaz granites via long-lasting fractionation of common peraluminous crustal magma. In comparison with other European rare-metal provinces, the overall contents of trace elements in Cornubian zircons are low and the Zr/Hf and U/Th ratios show lower degrees of fractionation of the parental melt.
Splicing factor gene mutations in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Saez Borja , Walter Matthew J. , Graubert Timothy A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Alternative splicing generates a diversity of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts from a single mRNA precursor and contributes to the complexity of our proteome. Splicing is perturbed by a variety of mechanisms in cancer. Recurrent mutations in splicing factors have emerged as a hallmark of several hematologic malignancies. Splicing factor mutations tend to occur in the founding clone of myeloid cancers, and these mutations have recently been identified in blood cells from normal, healthy elderly individuals with clonal hematopoiesis who are at increased risk of subsequently developing a hematopoietic malignancy, suggesting that these mutations contribute to disease initiation. Splicing factor mutations change the pattern of splicing in primary patient and mouse hematopoietic cells and alter hematopoietic differentiation and maturation in animal models. Recent developments in this field are reviewed here, with an emphasis on the clinical consequences of splicing factor mutations, mechanistic insights from animal models, and implications for development of novel therapies targeting the precursor mRNA splicing pathway.
A systematic review of randomised controlled trials examining the therapeutic effects of adult bone marrow-derived stem cells for non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lu Yi , Wang Yiqin , Lin Menglu , Zhou Jiale , Wang Zi , Jiang Meng , He Ben 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Certain early-phase clinical trials have suggested that bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation might improve left ventricular function in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM), whereas others trials have revealed no benefit from this approach. We sought to evaluate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy on NIDCM.

Methods
We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases (through February 2016) for randomised controlled clinical trials that reported on bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation for patients with NIDCM with a follow-up period ≥12 months. The co-primary endpoints were changes in mortality rate and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); the secondary endpoints were changes in the 6-minute-walk test (6MWT) and left ventricular chamber size. Seven trials involving bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy that included 482 patients satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results
Subjects who received bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy exhibited a significant reduction in mortality rate (19.7% in the cell group vs. 27.1% in the control group; 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.16 to –0.00, I2 = 52%, p = 0.04). Bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy tended to produce LVEF improvement within 6 months (1.83% increase; 95% CI –0.27 to 3.94, I2 = 74%, p = 0.09) and significantly improved LVEF after mid-term (6–12 months) follow-up (3.53% increase; 95% CI 0.76 to 6.29, I2 = 88%, p = 0.01). However, this therapy produced no significant benefit in the 6MWT (p = 0.18). Finally, the transplantation of increased numbers of stem cells resulted in no observable additional benefit with respect to LVEF.

Conclusions
Bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy might have improved prognoses and appeared to provide moderate benefits in cardiac systolic function at mid-term follow-up. However, this therapy produced no observed improvement in exercise tolerance.
Comparison Between Retrograde and Antegrade Peripheral Venous Cannulation in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Assessment of Thrombus Formation
Authors: Abdelaal Ahmed Mahmoud Ahmed , El-Shafei Hassan Ismail , Yassin Hany Mahmoud , Elramely Mohamed Adly , Abdelhaq Mohamed Mohamed , El Kady Hany Wafiq , Awada Wael Nabil Fahemy 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND:
Antegrade cannulation of peripheral veins is the usual practice. Blood stasis between a catheter and the wall of the vein or at its tip in addition to catheter-induced phlebitis may initiate a thrombosis. The use of retrograde ventriculojugular shunts against the direction of the blood flow with resultant decrease in the incidence of venous thrombosis encouraged us to compare retrograde versus conventional antegrade peripheral venous cannulation.

METHODS:
Monocentric, nonblinded, prospective observational cohort of 40 intensive care unit patients receiving 2 peripheral venous catheters in upper limbs, 1 inserted in the direction of blood flow (antegrade cannula) and the other inserted in an opposite direction to blood flow (retrograde cannula). Daily ultrasound assessment of the angle between the catheter and the vascular wall was done to detect onset and progression of thrombus formation.

RESULTS:
The study included 40 patients, aged 46.7 ± 10.132 years. The incidence of thrombus formation was 100% in both techniques. The onset time of thrombus formation between the catheter and the wall of a vein was significantly longer with the retrograde catheters than with the antegrade catheters with median time (interquartile range [range]) 6 days (5–6.75 [4–8]) with 95% confidence interval (CI), 5.58–6.42 vs 3 days (3–4 [2–5]) with 95% CI (2.76–3.24), respectively, with a P value <.001. The time needed by the recently detected thrombus to reach the catheter tip determined by ultrasound with or without catheter failure was significantly longer in the retrograde catheters than in the antegrade catheter with median time (interquartile range [range]) 9 days (8–9 [7–10]) with 95% CI, 8.76–9.24 vs 4 days (4–5 [3–6]) with 95% CI, 3.76–4.24, respectively, with a P value <.001.

CONCLUSIONS:
Retrograde cannulation did not decrease the incidence of thrombus formation, but significantly increased the onset time until thrombus formation and prolonged the time needed by the newly formed thrombus to reach the catheter tip compared with conventional antegrade cannulation.
Sedation of Patients With Disorders of Consciousness During Neuroimaging: Effects on Resting State Functional Brain Connectivity
Authors: Kirsch Muriëlle , Guldenmund Pieter , Ali Bahri Mohamed , Demertzi Athena , Baquero Katherine , Heine Lizette , Charland-Verville Vanessa , Vanhaudenhuyse Audrey , Bruno Marie-Aurélie , Gosseries Olivia , Di Perri Carol , Ziegler Erik , Brichant Jean-François , Soddu Andrea , Bonhomme Vincent , Laureys Steven 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND:To reduce head movement during resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, post-coma patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) are frequently sedated with propofol. However, little is known about the effects of this sedation on the brain connectivity patterns in the damaged brain essential for differential diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to assess these effects.METHODS:Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging 3T data obtained over several years of scanning patients for diagnostic and research purposes, we employed a seed-based approach to examine resting state connectivity in higher-order (default mode, bilateral external control, and salience) and lower-order (auditory, sensorimotor, and visual) resting state networks and connectivity with the thalamus, in 20 healthy unsedated controls, 8 unsedated patients with DOC, and 8 patients with DOC sedated with propofol. The DOC groups were matched for age at onset, etiology, time spent in DOC, diagnosis, standardized behavioral assessment scores, movement intensities, and pattern of structural brain injury (as assessed with T1-based voxel-based morphometry).RESULTS:DOC were associated with severely impaired resting state network connectivity in all but the visual network. Thalamic connectivity to higher-order network regions was also reduced. Propofol administration to patients was associated with minor further decreases in thalamic and insular connectivity.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings indicate that connectivity decreases associated with propofol sedation, involving the thalamus and insula, are relatively small compared with those already caused by DOC-associated structural brain injury. Nonetheless, given the known importance of the thalamus in brain arousal, its disruption could well reflect the diminished movement obtained in these patients. However, more research is needed on this topic to fully address the research question.
Prediction of Opioid Analgesic Efficacy by Measurement of Pupillary Unrest
Authors: Neice Andrew E. , Behrends Matthias , Bokoch Michael P. , Seligman Katherine M. , Conrad Nicole M. , Larson Merlin D. 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND:
Pupillary unrest under ambient light (PUAL) is the fluctuation in pupil diameter in time around a mean value. PUAL is augmented by light and diminished by administration of opioids. We hypothesized that, because pupillary unrest is a marker of opioid effect, low levels of PUAL may be associated with reduced opioid efficacy, as measured by changes in the numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores of patients in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).

METHODS:
We used an infrared pupillometer to measure PUAL in patients recovering from ambulatory surgery at 2 different institutions. At both sites, PUAL was quantified using spectral analysis of the Fourier transform of pupil diameter versus time. We measured PUAL and pain scores before and after opioid administration. Protocols for total capture time and lighting conditions varied between the 2 sites. Correlations between PUAL and change in NRS scores were examined using significance testing of Pearson correlation coefficients. Correlations between change in PUAL and change in NRS scores were also examined. Patients were divided into high and low PUAL groups, and high and low response to opioid. A Fisher exact test was used to determine whether there was a significant association between PUAL and opioid response.

RESULTS:
For patients with pain in the PACU, low levels of pupillary unrest before opioid therapy were associated with minimal or no reduction in pain scores after opioid administration. We noted a significant correlation at both sites between PUAL and pain score reduction with opioids (r = 0.59, P = .0053, and r = 0.57, P = .022.) The Fisher exact test confirmed that patients with PUAL levels above the mean had a more beneficial analgesic effect from opioids than those with low PUAL levels (P = .018). We also noted that change in PUAL was significantly correlated with change in pain score at both sites (r = 0.56, P = .03 and r = 0.55, P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS:
We observe that the pretreatment magnitude of PUAL is correlated with the analgesic response to opioid therapy, and that patients who exhibit higher levels of PUAL change after opioid administration have a more beneficial analgesic effect from opioids. Larger studies with uniform measurement protocols are required to confirm these preliminary results.
A carbon budget for the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica: Estimating net community production and export in a highly productive polar ecosystem
Authors: Yager PL , Sherrell RM , Stammerjohn SE , Ducklow HW , Schofield OME , Ingall ED , Wilson SE , Lowry KE , Williams CM , Riemann L , Bertilsson S , Alderkamp A-C , Dinasquet J , Logares R , Richert I , Sipler RE , Melara AJ , Mu L , Newstead RG , Post AF , Swalethorp R , van Dijken GL 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Polynyas, or recurring areas of seasonally open water surrounded by sea ice, are foci for energy and material transfer between the atmosphere and the polar ocean. They are also climate sensitive, with both sea ice extent and glacial melt influencing their productivity. The Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) is the greenest polynya in the Southern Ocean, with summertime chlorophyll a concentrations exceeding 20 µg L−1. During the Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition (ASPIRE) in austral summer 2010–11, we aimed to determine the fate of this high algal productivity. We collected water column profiles for total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nutrients, particulate and dissolved organic matter, chlorophyll a, mesozooplankton, and microbial biomass to make a carbon budget for this ecosystem. We also measured primary and secondary production, community respiration rates, vertical particle flux and fecal pellet production and grazing. With observations arranged along a gradient of increasing integrated dissolved inorganic nitrogen drawdown (ΔDIN; 0.027–0.74 mol N m−2), changes in DIC in the upper water column (ranging from 0.2 to 4.7 mol C m−2) and gas exchange (0–1.7 mol C m−2) were combined to estimate early season net community production (sNCP; 0.2–5.9 mol C m−2) and then compared to organic matter inventories to estimate export. From a phytoplankton bloom dominated by Phaeocystis antarctica, a high fraction (up to ∼60%) of sNCP was exported to sub-euphotic depths. Microbial respiration remineralized much of this export in the mid waters. Comparisons to short-term (2–3 days) drifting traps and a year-long moored sediment trap capturing the downward flux confirmed that a relatively high fraction (3–6%) of the export from ∼100 m made it through the mid waters to depth. We discuss the climate-sensitive nature of these carbon fluxes, in light of the changing sea ice cover and melting ice sheets in the region.
Letters
Authors: J. Moffatt Christine , Franks Peter J. , Stevens Julie , Horner Joe , Thomas Steve , Keachie Julia , Vowden Kathryn 
Published: December 2016

COMMUNITY CLINICS FOR LEG ULCERS COMMUNITY CLINICS IMPROVE HEALING RATES AND QUALITY OF LIFE ABSORBENCY OF PERFORATED FILM WOUND DRESSINGS CORRECT TECHNIQUE FOR ABPI MEASUREMENT
Four-layer bandaging and healing rates of venous leg ulcers
Authors: Thomson B. , Hooper P. , Powell R. , Warin A.P. 
Published: December 2016

This paper reports the healing rates of venous leg ulcers in a community setting (Exeter and District Community Health Services NHS Trust) using the Charing Cross four-layer compression system. We report on 514 venous leg ulcers and show healing rates of 40% at 12 weeks, 50% at 17 weeks, 57% at 24 weeks and 80% predicted at 2 years. Patients were treated in one of 16 community leg ulcer clinics or in their homes. Nurses were allowed to use this system only after full training by the leg ulcer management service. Nurses had to prove their competence in leg ulcer assessment, Doppler measurement and the technique of four-layer compression. Even in patients whose leg ulcers did not heal, it was felt that the four-layer compression system was comfortable, convenient and cost effective with only weekly changes of bandages being necessary.
The application of a cellulose-based fibre dressing in surgical wounds
Authors: Foster L. , Moore P. 
Published: December 2016

In this randomised prospective parallel-group controlled study, a modern cellulose-based fibre dressing was compared with a traditional ribbon gauze and proflavine dressing, used intra- and post-operatively. The study evaluates each treatment for the reduction in pain, improvement in the quality of treatment and patient satisfaction. Forty patients, with wounds left to heal by secondary intention, were studied.The results show several significant advantages for the cellulose-based fibre dressing. Pain levels on removal at the first dressing change were significantly reduced in the cellulose-based fibre dressing group (p = 0.002); the ribbon gauze patients routinely required analgesia before removal of the first dressing. At one week, a significantly greater number of patients in the cellulose-based fibre dressing group stated that they would be happy to have their first dressing change carried out at home without analgesia compared to the ribbon gauze group. This would enable patients to be discharged earlier and could represent a considerable financial saving to the hospital.
Single-layer and multilayer bandaging in the treatment of venous leg ulcers
Authors: Stockport J.C. , Groarke L. , Ellison D.A. , McCollum C. 
Published: December 2016

This study compares levels of compression achieved in the application of both multilayer compression bandage systems and single-layer bandages by practitioners who are experienced with levels achieved by those who are inexperienced. Nineteen practitioners experienced in compression bandaging (13 nurses, six doctors) and 18 inexperienced (12 nurses, six doctors) participated in the study. Both experienced and inexperienced practitioners achieved a pressure of 40mmHg more consistently when applying multilayer compression bandage systems than in the application of single-layer bandages. Compression bandaging experience does not result in significantly better sub-bandage pressures when using a multilayer system. Inexperienced practitioners are more likely to apply dangerously high levels of pressure with single-layer bandages than with a multilayer system. Single-layer compression bandages should be applied only by those health-care professionals with extensive experience of applying compression bandages.
A profile of the nurse specialist in tissue viability in the UK
Authors: Flanagan M. 
Published: December 2016

A postal survey was conducted to develop a profile of practising tissue viability clinical nurse specialists in the UK. The aims of the study were to establish baseline data on the role and conditions of employment and identify any discrepancies. A sample of 110 practitioners were identified, of whom 87 replied. Prior to appointment, respondents had between 2-36 years (mean 13 years; SE 0.754) post-registration experience; the first appointment was in 1983 and there has been a steady increase; geographical distribution is uneven tending to cluster around metropolitan areas and on the south coast. The majority of practitioners are appointed in the area of general wound management; 36% have budget responsibility for tissue viability services, mostly for the provision and supply of pressure sore preventive equipment. The appointment was a new post for 90% of respondents, highlighting the lack of available role models and the potential isolation of the position. Most practitioners are working full-time (90%) and 62% are on Grade H; 28% are graduates with a further 19% studying for a first degree; 6% already hold a master's degree while 20% are undertaking courses at this level. However, 39% have no academic qualifications and only 34% had completed ENB courses in tissue viability.
Monitoring wound healing by odour
Authors: Greenwood J.E. , Crawley B.A. , Clark S.L. , Chadwick P.R. , Ellison D.A. , Oppenheim B.A. , McCollum C.N. 
Published: December 2016

A pilot study using electronic aroma detection was performed over a six-month period to assess the aroma of chronic non-healing venous leg ulcers and the effect of appropriate antibiotic therapy on modification of the aroma. Deep infection with pathogenic organisms was found on biopsy culture in 13 out of 15 patients. Odour analysis was performed at weekly intervals on the ulcer dressings using an AromaScan instrument. Data points on the aroma maps moved from their pre-treatment presentation. Alterations in aroma data correlated well with the progress of the ulcers. Aroma analysis is shown to be a potential tool in monitoring the progress towards healing of chronic venous ulcers.