bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary and social consequences of introgression of nontransgenic herbicide resistance from rice to weedy rice in Brazil
Authors: Merotto Aldo , Goulart Ives C. G. R. , Nunes Anderson L. , Kalsing Augusto , Markus Catarine , Menezes Valmir G. , Wander Alcido E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSeveral studies have expressed concerns about the effects of gene flow from transgenic herbicide‐resistant crops to their wild relatives, but no major problems have been observed. This review describes a case study in which what has been feared in transgenics regarding gene flow has actually changed biodiversity and people's lives. Nontransgenic imidazolinone‐resistant rice (IMI‐rice) cultivars increased the rice grain yield by 50% in southern Brazil. This increase was beneficial for life quality of the farmers and also improved the regional economy. However, weedy rice resistant to imidazolinone herbicides started to evolve three years after the first use of IMI‐rice cultivars. Population genetic studies indicate that the herbicide‐resistant weedy rice was mainly originated from gene flow from resistant cultivars and distributed by seed migration. The problems related with herbicide‐resistant weedy rice increased the production costs of rice that forced farmers to sell or rent their land. Gene flow from cultivated rice to weedy rice has proven to be a large agricultural, economic, and social constraint in the use of herbicide‐resistant technologies in rice. This problem must be taken into account for the development of new transgenic or nontransgenic rice technologies.
City of sojourners versus city of settlers: transnationalism, location and identity among Taiwanese professionals in London and Toronto
Authors: MOORE FIONA 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this article I explore the impact of location on transnational identities through an ethnographic case study of Taiwanese professionals in London and Toronto. I argue, first, that both groups use their transnational identities not just to bridge two cultures, but also as a strategic resource for building connections with many different groups. Second, I argue that the expression of transnational identity is different in each local context, as it is framed through London's identity as a ‘global city of sojourners’, and Toronto's as a ‘global city of settlers’. Finally, I argue that this, combined with the strategic use of identity in each location, influences each group's transnational connections and affects their ability to construct networks.
Social embeddedness in a harmonized Europe: the social networks of European migrants with a native partner in Belgium and the Netherlands
Authors: KOELET SUZANA , VAN MOL CHRISTOF , DE VALK HELGA A. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough intra‐European migration is often considered relatively easy to realize given European citizens' right to freedom of movement, settlement in another European country can still be experienced as socially disruptive. Insights in the insertion processes of European migrants, nevertheless, remain rather scarce. In this study, we analyse the social networks of European nationals with a native partner in Belgium and the Netherlands. The analysis is based on survey data from the EUMARR project (n = 576). First, we study the size and composition of European migrants' local family and friendship networks, and the frequency of contact with these networks. Second, we connect intra‐EU movers' insertion routes to investments in transnational networks in their home country. The results reveal how size, composition and contact with the local and transnational network change over time. Children help to maintain contact with both the local and transnational family network and form a bridge for parents to meet own friends in the host country. Moreover, having own friends and own family around matters for contact frequency with the local networks.
Inverting the boomerang: examining the legitimacy of North–South–North campaigns in transnational advocacy
Authors: PALLAS CHRISTOPHER L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe boomerang model is typically used to describe campaigns in which international NGOs respond to requests from local activists, often from marginalized populations, for assistance in addressing local needs. Such campaigns are perceived to represent local interests and have some accountability to local actors. However, while the local–international–local pattern is often accurate, it does not capture the full spectrum of campaign development. This article theorizes an international–local–international or ‘inverse’ boomerang, in which international NGOs facing an international policy blockage initiate a transnational campaign, recruiting local activists to assist in the international advocacy effort. The article demonstrates the theory's plausibility using several cases of Northern‐initiated advocacy. It then examines the implications of the model for campaign legitimacy. It finds that inverse boomerang campaigns benefit from the same presumptions of legitimacy as traditional boomerang campaigns, but that representivity and accountability are substantially weaker, potentially disempowering the campaigns' claimed stakeholders.
Nothing is in the Air
Authors: Fitjar Rune Dahl , Rodríguez‐Pose Andrés 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt has often been argued that “there is something in the air” which makes firms in high‐density environments—such as cities or clusters—more innovative. The co‐location of firms facilitates the emergence of serendipity and casual encounters which promote innovation in firms. We assess this hypothesis using data from a survey of Norwegian firms engaged in innovation partnerships. The results indicate that there may be “much less in the air” than is generally assumed in the literature. The relationships conducive to innovation by Norwegian firms emerged as a consequence of purpose‐built searches and had little to do with chance, serendipity, or “being there.”
The environmental heterogeneity of sediment determines Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) distribution in lotic and lentic habitats in a tropical floodplain
Authors: Júnior Sidnei Pressinatte , Perbiche‐Neves Gilmar , Takeda Alice Michiyo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Several limnological variables including sediments affect community structure in lotic and lentic environments. In general, Chironomidae larvae are dominant in macroinvertebrate communities both in abundance and in species richness in floodplains. Using granulometric texture as a surrogate for heterogeneity, we hypothesised that the diversity and distribution of Chironomidae larvae is higher in more heterogeneous environments. For this study, samples were collected quarterly from February to December 2008 at 12 stations in a tropical floodplain including both lotic and lentic stations in the Paraná River.

We recorded 66 morphospecies belonging to three subfamilies. Density, species richness and alpha diversity were greater in lotic versus lentic environments. Granulometric data were more diverse in lotic environments according to the Shannon–Wiener index. Different species dominated each environment, and these taxonomic differences were demonstrated by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). The link between granulometric characteristics and chironomid assemblages were further established by a significant correlation between granulometric variables and one or both of the DCA axes.

Thus, the results support our hypothesis and suggest that the diversity and distribution pattern of Chironomidae larvae can be related to sediment heterogeneity due to the higher values of the assemblage attributes found in the lotic environments.
Pitfalls of the self‐regulation of advertisements directed at children on Mexican television
Authors: Théodore F. L. , Tolentino‐Mayo L. , Hernández‐Zenil E. , Bahena L. , Velasco A. , Popkin B. , Rivera J. A. , Barquera S. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundThere are no academic studies that characterize advertisements directed at children from the companies that signed the self‐regulation.ObjectiveThe aim of this paper was to assess the extent and nature of food advertisements and the persuasive techniques used to market unhealthy food and beverages (UFB) to children, by signatory companies of self‐regulation.MethodsFrom December 2012 to April 2013, 600 h of programming were recorded on the four broadcast public television channels in Mexico with the highest rating nationwide. Marketing aimed at children directly (broadcast on children's programmes or advertisements with a specific appeal to children) or indirectly (aimed at other target audiences with messages or scenes that link children to the product) were considered.ResultsAbout 74.9% (2148) of the total food and beverage advertisements tried to influence children directly and indirectly. Companies, which had signed the self‐regulation, focused 92.7% of their advertisements on UFB. Of the total number, 23.9% were aimed at children, 7.1% at adolescents, 12.5% at parents and 56.2% at the general public. Most of these advertisements were broadcast on movies (29.8%), cartoons (18%), soap operas (17.6%), entertainment shows (17.2%) and sports programs (6.4%).ConclusionDespite the self‐regulation of television marketing, children were surrounded by UFB advertisements. Signatory companies influence children indirectly by targeting other audiences and by marketing during family television programs, which are also watched by children.
Maternal weight prior and during pregnancy and offspring's BMI and adiposity at 5–6 years in the EDEN mother–child cohort
Authors: Jacota M. , Forhan A. , Saldanha‐Gomes C. , Charles M. A. , Heude B. ,   for the EDEN Mother–Child Cohort Study Group
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundBeyond pre‐pregnancy BMI, maternal weight change before and during pregnancy may also affect offspring adiposity.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between maternal weight history before and during pregnancy with children's adiposity at 5–6 years.MethodsIn 1069 mother–child dyads from the EDEN Cohort, we examined by linear regression the associations of children's BMI, fat mass and abdominal adiposity at 5–6 years with maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, pre‐pregnancy average yearly weight change from age 20 and gestational weight gain. The shapes of relationships were investigated using splines and polynomial functions were tested.ResultsChildren's BMI and adiposity parameters were positively associated with maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, but these relationships were mainly seen in thin mothers, with no substantial variation for maternal BMI ranging from 22 to 35 kg/m2. Gestational weight gain was positively associated with children's BMI Z‐score, but again more so in thin mothers. We found no association with pre‐pregnancy weight change.ConclusionsBefore the adiposity rebound, maternal pre‐pregnancy thinness explains most of the relationship with children's BMI. The relationship may emerge at older ages in children of overweight and obese mothers, and this latency may be an obstacle to early prevention.
Retrospective study of primary reconstruction of facial traumatic events
Authors: Chen Baoguo , Song Huifeng , Gao Quanwen , Xu Minghuo , Chai Jiake 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFacial traumatic events are commonly encountered in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Primary reconstruction is a reliable procedure with function and aesthetic considerations. We conduct a retrospective study of the experience of reconstructing facial traumatic defects in the first stage. One hundred and thirty‐two cases (aged 18–65) with facial traumatic events were recruited in the study from 2008 to 2014. Facial traumatic events included injured soft tissue, maxillofacial fractures and facial nerve rupture, which were repaired primarily. After primary reconstruction, encouraging functional and aesthetic outcomes were attained. Ten cases were re‐operated to reconstruct partial nasal defect. Four patients who had trouble with disabled occluding relations sought help from dentists. Inconspicuous scar and function restoration were presented. Facial wounds should be reconstructed in the first stage as far as possible. Then, satisfactory functional and aesthetic results can be achieved. However, combined injury should be carefully considered in those traumatic cases before we carry out the reconstructive surgery on the face.
Investigating the effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on postoperative pain intensity in adolescents undergoing surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Maroufi Mohsen , Zamani Shahla , Izadikhah Zahra , Marofi Maryam , O'Connor Peter 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing for postoperative pain management in adolescents.BackgroundEye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is an inexpensive, non‐pharmacological intervention that has successfully been used to treat chronic pain. It holds promise in the treatment of acute, postsurgical pain based on its purported effects on the brain and nervous system.DesignA randomized controlled trial was used.MethodsFifty‐six adolescent surgical patients aged between 12‐18 years were allocated to gender‐balanced Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (treatment) or non‐Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (control) groups. Pain was measured using the Wong‐Baker FACES® Pain Rating Scale (WBFS) before and after the intervention (or non‐intervention for the control group).FindingsA Wilcoxon signed‐rank test demonstrated that the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing group experienced a significant reduction in pain intensity after treatment intervention, whereas the control group did not. Additionally, a Mann–Whitney U‐test showed that, while there was no significant difference between the two groups at time 1, there was a significant difference in pain intensity between the two groups at time 2, with the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing group experiencing lower levels of pain.ConclusionThese results suggest that Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing may be an effective treatment modality for postoperative pain.
Fox–Fordyce Disease: An under‐diagnosed adverse event of laser hair removal?
Authors: Sammour R. , Nasser S. , Debahy N. , El Habr C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundFox–Fordyce Disease (FFD) is a rare chronic inflammatory skin disease of the apocrine glands, mainly affecting post‐pubertal women. It involves apocrine gland‐bearing areas including the axilla, areola, anogenital area and umbilicus. FFD induced by laser hair removal is a newly reported entity of unknown pathogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, there are only four reported cases in the literature describing a total of four patients.ObjectivesWe are reporting the first case series of laser‐induced FFD with a histopathological and clinical evaluation of the reported cases.MethodsA review of the available literature to date about laser‐induced FFD was performed. Clinical and histopathological features were reviewed.ResultsIn our case series, the clinical and histological appearance of FFD following laser hair removal is similar to that of classic FFD. Exacerbating factors were present in two patients, and were similar to that of classic FFD. The main histopathological features included dilatation of the follicular infundibulum, follicular hyperkeratosis, dyskeratosis in the follicular infundibulum, periductal lymphohistiocytic infiltrate and perifollicular fibrosis. Two of the four reported cases as well as one of our patients had no perifollicular xanthomatous inflammation, a hallmark feature of classic FFD. Mast cells were absent in all reported cases, as well as in our patients.Conclusion: We believe that laser‐induced FFD is under‐diagnosed as a newly reported adverse event of laser hair removal. It is clinically and histopathologically similar to classic FFD.
The Hidradenitis suppurativa patient journey in Italy: current status, unmet needs and opportunities
Authors: Bettoli V. , Pasquinucci S. , Caracciolo S. , Piccolo D. , Cazzaniga S. , Fantini F. , Binello L. , Pintori G. , Naldi L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory, debilitating, follicular disease of the skin with a reported incidence of less than 1% in the general population. Diagnosis of HS may typically be delayed for years, and even when diagnosed, is challenging to treat. Thus, HS has considerable negative impact on patient quality of life.ObjectivesTo describe the HS patient journey in Italy, identify unmet needs and provide a proposal for integrated patient care.MethodsA multidisciplinary panel of leading Italian experts met to evaluate routine clinical practice and patient experience, and analyse the available scientific evidence on HS.ResultsA comprehensive map of the journey of the HS patient in Italy was built based on integrated data obtained from clinical practice and patient experience. The journey is non‐linear and can be grouped into four broad stages that are somewhat overlapping and intersecting: (i) onset to diagnosis; (ii) circle of visits; (iii) circle of treatments; (iv) living with HS. Several unmet needs were identified that included greater awareness of disease by both healthcare practitioners and patients.ConclusionImproved disease awareness can be addressed through continuing medical education for physicians and development of educational materials for patients, in addition to greater utilization of social networks. Moreover, the development of integrated treatment centres was considered a worthwhile goal, and would offer patients the possibility to receive multidisciplinary care, ideally with dermatologists coordinating treatment, along with surgeons, psychologists, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, pain specialists, gynaecologists and paediatricians as needed. Lastly, standardized management protocols for HS are also needed.
At‐home monitoring after surgery/anaesthesia – a challenge
Authors: Warren‐Stomberg Margareta , Jacobsson Jan , Brattwall Metha , Jildenstål Pether 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesDay surgery is evolving, with a majority of recoveries occurring at home. There is, in parallel, an evolution in telemedical technology. The aim of the present project was to identify patients’ willingness to use predefined follow‐up techniques and to clinically test preferred techniques at home using a two‐step study.┅MethodsIn Part I, a paper‐based questionnaire study of identified patients’ attitudes with three follow‐up techniques was used. In Part II, a feasibility test of a mobile (smart‐phone) application for follow‐up at home was used.ResultsPart I showed overall positive attitudes to telemedical follow‐ups. Part II showed the preference for a follow‐up technique with a mobile application was not fully consistent with the clinical study of the smart‐phone app, where there was a large non‐response. The application provided safe transfer of data to the hospital and helped make it easy to retrieve and analyse patient self‐assessment of recovery. This application is one‐way directed, and no feedback to the patient was given, which may have influenced the non‐response.ConclusionBringing telemedicine into follow‐up after surgery/anaesthesia is requested, and furthermore, the feasibility study on day surgery presented here shows that it is technically easy to perform and will provide robust information. It should be noted that further studies are needed in order to find better patient cooperation.
Effects of acute change in salinity and moulting on the infection of white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) with white spot syndrome virus upon immersion challenge
Authors: Van Thuong K , Van Tuan V , Li W , Sorgeloos P , Bossier P , Nauwynck H 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the field, moulting and salinity drop in the water due to excessive rainfall have been mentioned to be risk factors for WSSV outbreaks. Therefore, in this study, the effect of an acute change in environmental salinity and shedding of the old cuticle shell on the susceptibility of Penaeus vannamei to WSSV was evaluated by immersion challenge. For testing the effect of abrupt salinity stress, early premoult shrimp that were acclimated to 35 g L−1 were subjected to salinities of 50 g L−1, 35 g L−1, 20 g L−1, 10 g L−1 and 7 g L−1 or 5 g L−1 and simultaneously exposed to 105.5 SID50 mL−1 of WSSV for 5 h, after which the salinity was brought back to 35 g L−1. Shrimp that were transferred from 35 g L−1 to 50 g L−1, 35 g L−1 and 20 g L−1 did not become infected with WSSV. Shrimp became infected with WSSV after an acute salinity drop from 35 g L−1 to 10 g L−1 and lower. The mortality in shrimp, subjected to a salinity change to 10 g L−1, 7 g L−1 and 5 g L−1, was 6.7%, 46.7% and 53.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). For testing the effect of moulting, shrimp in early premoult, moulting and post‐moult were immersed in sea water containing 105.5 SID50 mL−1 of WSSV. The resulting mortality due to WSSV infection in shrimp inoculated during early premoult (0%), ecdysis (53.3%) and post‐moult (26.72%) demonstrated that a significant difference exists in susceptibility of shrimp during the short moulting process (P < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that during a drop in environmental salinity lower than 10 g L−1 and ecdysis, shrimp are at risk for a WSSV infection. These findings have important implications for WSSV control measures.
Characterization of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) immune response under a natural lymphocystis disease virus outbreak
Authors: Cordero H , Cuesta A , Meseguer J , Esteban M A 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLymphocystis or lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) is distributed worldwide and affects many fresh and marine water fish species. LCDV is commonly found in aquaria fish species but also in farmed fish species, among them the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). The immune status of gilthead seabream (S. aurata) specimens under a natural outbreak of LCDV was studied. The replication of the virus was demonstrated in infected fish, but not in control fish. The results showed decreased total serum IgM levels and increased innate cellular immune response (peroxidase and respiratory burst activities) of head kidney leucocytes in LCDV‐infected fish, compared to the values obtained in uninfected specimens. In addition, transcription of antiviral genes (ifn and irf3) was down‐regulated in the skin of LCDV‐positive fish as well as genes involved in cellular immunity (csf1r, mhc2a, tcra and ighm) that were down‐regulated in skin and head kidney of infected fish. By contrast, the transcription of nccrp1 was up‐regulated in head kidney after LCDV infection. These present results show that head kidney leucocytes are activated to encounter the virus at the sites of replication.