bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity in the Plasmodium falciparum next-generation blood stage vaccine candidate antigen PfCyRPA in Senegal
Authors: Ba Aboubacar , Thiam Laty Gaye , Pouye Mariama Nicole , Guo Yicheng , Patel Saurabh D. , Sene Seynabou Diouf , Diallo Fatoumata , Li Rebecca , Cisse Awa , Guerra Noemi , Laqqa Safia , Mangou Khadidjatou , Moore Adam J. , Sadio Bacary Djilocalisse , Ndiaye Jean Louis Abdourahim , Mbengue Alassane , Sheng Zizhang , Shapiro Lawrence , Bei Amy K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThePlasmodium falciparumcysteine-rich protective antigen (PfCyRPA) is a promising target as a next-generation blood-stage malaria vaccine and together with PCRCR complex members, the reticulocyte binding-like homologous protein 5 (PfRh5) and the Rh5-interacting protein (PfRipr), are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. PfCyRPA is essential for merozoite invasion and appears to be highly conserved within theP. falciparumparasite populations. Here, we used a targeted deep amplicon next-generation sequencing approach to assess the breadth of PfCyRPA genetic diversity in 95P. falciparumclinical isolates from Kédougou, an area with a high seasonal malaria transmission in Senegal. Our data show the dominant prevalence of PfCyRPA wild type reference allele, while we also identify a total of 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Of these, only five have previously been reported, while the majority of the SNPs were present as singletons within our sampled population. Moreover, the variant read frequency of the identified SNPs varied from 2.6 to 100%, while the majority of the SNPs were present at frequencies greater than 25% in polygenomic samples. We also applied a structure-based modelling approach to thread these SNPs onto PfCyRPA crystal structures and showed that these polymorphisms have different predicted functional impacts on the interactions with binding partner PfRH5 or neutralizing antibodies. Our prediction revealed that the majority of these SNPs have minor effects on PfCyRPA antibodies, while others alter its structure, stability, or interaction with PfRH5. Altogether, our present findings reveal conserved PfCyRPA epitopes which will inform downstream investigations on next-generation structure-guided malaria vaccine design.
Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Gynecological Cancers: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Yue , Yang Jun-Ping , Li Bing-Shu , Cheng Li-Wei , Wei Shu-Jian , Chen Yu-Guo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe survival rate of gynecological cancers (GCs) has improved significantly in recent decades. Patients with GCs did not necessarily succumb to the primary cancer. Cardiovascular health might be a critical determinant of long-term survival. This study aimed to investigate the mortality rate and risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) death in patients with GCs.MethodsA total of 399,399 cases of GCs diagnosed between 2000 and 2020 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included in this study. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for CVD mortality was estimated. Prognostic factors for CVD death were assessed using cause-specific hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals within a competing risk model, considering non-cardiovascular death as a competing risk.ResultsOf the 399,399 patients with GCs, 117,551 (29%) died from GCs, and 16,371 (4.1%) died from CVD. Of the CVD deaths, 73.2% were attributed to heart disease. The SMR of CVD mortality was highest in survivors diagnosed before age 45 years, and the risk of CVD mortality remained elevated throughout the follow-up period compared to the general United States (US) population. In recent years, the SMRs for CVD mortality risk increased steadily in all subtypes of GCs, except for vulvar cancer. Older age, black race, localized stage, unmarried/single/divorced, vaginal and vulvar cancers, and radiation therapy were associated with a higher risk of CVD mortality. A nomogram was developed and validated using these variables to predict CVD death risk in patients with GCs.ConclusionsThe risk of CVD mortality in patients with GCs was increased and was significantly higher compared with the general US population. A nomogram was constructed and validated to forecast the risk of CVD mortality in individuals with GCs. More attention should be paid to cardiovascular health during diagnosis to improve survival rates.HIGHLIGHTS⇒29% of patients with gynecological cancers died from cancer, while 4.1% died from CVD, with 73.2% of CVD deaths attributed to heart disease.⇒In recent years, SMRs for CVD mortality increased steadily across all GC subtypes, except vulvar cancer.⇒Higher CVD mortality was linked to older age, black race, localized disease stage, unmarried/single/divorced status, and prior radiation therapy, especially in vaginal and vulvar cancers.⇒We developed and validated a nomogram to predict CVD death risk in GC patients, aiding personalized patient management.
Rural Roads to Cognitive Resilience (RRR): A prospective cohort study protocol
Authors: Besser Lilah M. , Wiese Lisa , Cook Diane , Holt Janet , Magzamen Sheryl , Minor Bryan , Mitsova Diana , Park Juyoung , Sablan Olivia , Tourelle Madeleine , Williams Christine 
Published: October 2024

Background: Ambient air pollution, detrimental built and social environments, social isolation (SI), low socioeconomic status (SES), and rural (versus urban) residence have been associated with cognitive decline and risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Research is needed to investigate the influence of ambient air pollution and built and social environments on SI and cognitive decline among rural, disadvantaged, ethnic minority communities. To address this gap, this cohort study will recruit an ethnoracially diverse, rural Florida sample in geographic proximity to seasonal agricultural burning. We will (1) examine contributions of smoke-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures to SI and cognitive function; (2) determine effects of built and social environments on SI and cognitive function; and (3) contextualize SI and cognitive function among residents from different ethnoracial groups during burn and non-burn seasons. Methods: We will recruit 1,087 community-dwelling, dementia-free, >=45-year-olds from five communities in Florida’s Lake Okeechobee region. Over 36 months, participants will complete baseline visits to collect demographics, health history, and health measurements (e.g., blood pressure, body mass index) and 6-month follow-ups assessing cognitive function and social isolation at each visit. A subsample of 120 participants representative of each community will wear smartwatches to collect sensor data (e.g., heart rate) and daily routine and predefined activities (e.g., GPS-captured travel, frequent destinations) over two months. Ecological momentary assessments (EMA) (e.g., whether smoke has bothered participant in last 30 minutes) will occur over two months during agricultural burning and non-burning months. PurpleAir monitors (36 total) will be installed in each community to continuously monitor outdoor PM2.5 levels. Ethics and expected impact: This study received Florida Atlantic University’s Institutional Review Board approval and will require participant informed consent. We expect to identify individual- and community-level factors that increase the risk for SI and cognitive decline in a vulnerable rural population.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training as a Brief Intervention for Cigarette Smoking by Patients with Cancer: A Scoping Review and Narrative Synthesis of Related Literature
Authors: McCall Marcia H. , Boyd Charlotte T. , Kerr Nicole D. , Daniel Stephanie S. , Sutfin Erin L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveNovel behavioral interventions are needed for patients with cancer who smoke cigarettes. Standard tobacco treatment may not effectively address the psychological distress and/or emotion dysregulation that makes quitting smoking difficult for many patients. Dialectical Behavior Therapy – Skills Training (DBT-ST) has demonstrated efficacy as a brief intervention for managing emotions and stress across varied populations, but has not been adapted for patients with cancer who smoke. To determine its suitability for this population, we conducted a scoping review of brief DBT-ST with similar populations: people with substance use, breast cancer, or emotion dysregulation.MethodsWe followed PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Studies were restricted to English-language publications of DBT-ST as a brief intervention of 20 or fewer sessions. We found 26 publications representing 23 research studies, extracted study details, and narratively synthesized the results.ResultsThe 23 studies included 12 quasi-experimental designs, seven pilot randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and four RCTs. All studies found at least one improvement in a main outcome following DBT-ST intervention, with results maintained at follow-up. Qualitative outcomes indicated high satisfaction with DBT-ST and good retention. Studies recruited diverse participants, with some far exceeding population averages. Over half of studies included only females or males. We found considerable heterogeneity across studies in intervention design, testing, and measurement.ConclusionDBT-ST as a brief intervention for people with substance use, cancer, or emotion dysregulation demonstrates sufficient positive outcomes to adapt this approach for patients with cancer who smoke cigarettes.
A biophysically-detailed model of inter-areal interactions in cortical sensory processing
Authors: Bolaños-Puchet Sirio , Reimann Michael W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMechanisms of top-down modulation in sensory perception and their relation to underlying connectivity are not completely understood. We present here a biophysically-detailed computational model of two interconnected cortical areas, representing the first steps in a cortical processing hierarchy, as a tool for potential discovery. The model integrates a large body of data from rodent primary somatosensory cortex and reproduces biological features across multiple scales: from a handful of ion channels defining a diversity of electrical types in hundreds of thousands of morphologically detailed neurons, to local and long-range networks mediated by hundreds of millions of synapses. Notably, long-range connectivity in the model incorporates target lamination patterns associated with feed-forward and feedback pathways. We use the model to study the impact of inter-areal interactions on sensory processing. First, we exhibit a cortico-cortical loop between the two model areas (X and Y), wherein sensory input to area X produces a response with two components in time, the first driven by the stimulus and the second by feedback from area Y. We perform a structural and functional characterization of this loop, finding a differential impact of layer-specific pathways in the feed-forward and feedback directions. Second, we explore stimulus discrimination by presenting four different spatially-segregate stimulus patterns. We observe well-defined temporal sequences of functional cell assembly activation, with stimulus specificity in early but not late assemblies in area X, i.e., in the stimulus-driven component of the response but not in the feedback-driven component. We also find the earliest assembly in area Y to be specific to pairs of patterns, consistent with the topography of connections. Finally, we examine the integration of bottom-up and top-down signals. When presenting a second stimulus coincident with the feedback-driven component, we observe an approximate linear superposition of responses. The implied lack of interaction is consistent with the stochastic and hence naive connectivity in the model, but provides a useful foundation for plasticity mechanisms to learn top-down influences. This work represents a first step in the study of inter-areal interactions with biophysically-detailed simulations.
HIV-2 evolved ZAP resistance despite increased CpG levels
Authors: Kmiec Dorota , Nchioua Rayhane , Erdemci-Evin Sümeyye , Lapp Stacey , Carnathan Diane , Bosinger Steven , Kirchhoff Frank 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSimian immunodeficiency viruses infecting sooty mangabeys (SIVsmm) have been transmitted to humans on multiple occasions, giving rise to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) groups A to I. However, only groups A and B spread significantly in humans causing an epidemic in West Africa. The reasons for this are poorly understood. Here, we show that genetically diverse SIVsmm strains efficiently infect primary human T cells. However, they are highly sensitive to type I IFN, indicating that interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) pose a barrier to successful spread of SIVsmm in humans. One well-known ISG is the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP), which specifically targets CpG dinucleotides in viral RNAs. To evade ZAP restriction, many viruses including HIV-1 suppress their CpG content. Unexpectedly, we found that HIV-2 is less sensitive to restriction by ZAP than HIV-1 and SIVsmm despite significantly higher CpG content. Analyses of chimeric HIV-2/SIVsmm constructs revealed that the determinants of ZAP resistance map to the U3 region of the 3’ LTR that overlaps with thenefgene. Our results indicate that ZAP poses a barrier for efficient spread of SIVsmm in humans and that epidemic HIV-2 evolved an unique mechanism to evade it.
Amyloid-beta, alpha-synuclein and tau aggregated co-pathologies enhance neuropathology and neuroinflammation
Authors: Webster Jhodi M. , Stone William J. , Yang Ya-Ting , Miller Aidan T. , Childers Gabrielle M. , Corbin-Stein Nicole J. , Mudium Nikhita , Molina Jeremy , Won Woong-Jai , Sandoval Ivette M. , Tyrrell Daniel J. , Manfredsson Frederic P. , Kordower Jeffrey H. , Harms Ashley S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLewy pathology due to alpha-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions is one of the major hallmarks of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). β-Amyloid (Aβ) and phosphorylated-tau, pathologies usually found in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), have also been implicated in PD, with over 50% of patients exhibited the co-expression of these proteins (co-pathologies). In both AD and PD postmortem tissue, neuroinflammation – the activation of microglia and resident macrophages and the infiltration of immune cells from the periphery, including T cells and monocytes–are drivers of neurodegeneration. However, how the co-expression of these pathologies contribute to the inflammatory response and overall neurodegenerative disease phenotype remains unknown. To understand how the co-expression of pathologies drives neuropathology, we developed a novel co-pathology model by stereotaxically injecting α-syn pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum, and AAV-doublemuttau virus into the entorhinal cortex, of 3-month-old J20 transgenic mice with Aβ pathology. We analyzed immune cell populations in the brain and periphery at 3 months post-induction (3MPI). At 6MPI, neuronal loss in the hippocampus and substantia nigra pars compacta were assessed along with pathological protein deposition. At 3MPI, the co-pathology mouse model begins to exhibit enhanced pathology load in the cortex and hippocampus. There was a robust neuroinflammatory response in interconnected brain regions, including increased microglial cell number, changes in microglial activation markers, and infiltration of T cells. This was synergistic in the co-pathology model, compared to the individual models, supporting the hypothesis that these collectively may drive the progression of disease.
Caging of membrane-to-cortex attachment proteins can trigger cellular symmetry breaking
Authors: Dar Srishti , Moreno Rubén Tesoro , Palaia Ivan , Gopalan Anusha B. , Sun Zachary Gao , Strauss Léanne , Sprenger Richard R. , Belmonte Julio M. , Foster Sarah K. , Murrell Michael , Ejsing Christer S. , Šarić Anđela , Leptin Maria , Diz-Muñoz Alba 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYTo migrate, divide, and change shape, cells must regulate the mechanics of their periphery. The cell surface is a complex structure that consists of a thin, contractile cortical actin network tethered to the plasma membrane by specialized membrane-to-cortex attachment (MCA) proteins. This active and constantly fluctuating system maintains a delicate mechanochemical state which permits spontaneous polarization and shape change when needed. Combiningin silico,in vitro, andin vivoexperiments we show how membrane viscosity and MCA protein length regulate cortical dynamics. We reveal a novel mechanism whereby caging of linker proteins in the actin cortex allows for the amplification of small changes in these key parameters, leading to major alterations of cortical contractility. In cells, this mechanism alone gives rise to symmetry breaking phenomena, suggesting that local changes in lipid composition, in combination with the choice of MCA proteins, contribute to the regulation of cellular morphogenesis and function.
Legacies and impacts of major sporting events for communities and individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds: a systematic review
Authors: Liang Xiao , Quinton Mary , Veldhuijzen van Zanten Jet , Duan Zhaoyu , Zoob Carter Barnaby , Heyes Andrew , Lee Mark , Alharbi Abdullah , Chen Shushu 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThe global hosting of major events is garnering increasing attention from governments. As this phenomenon expands into emerging states, where arguably the most severe inequalities exist, the question of who truly benefits from these events has not been systematically scrutinised, particularly from an Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) perspective. Therefore, adopting a nuanced segmentation approach is increasingly vital to assess the diverse impacts of hosting major sporting events on varied populations. This systematic review offers a broad and exploratory investigation into how major sporting events affect communities and individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds (CIDBs).Design/methodology/approachIn alignment with the PRISMA guidelines, four academic databases were searched to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English-language journals from 2000 to 2023. A total of 95 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, culminating in a final sample of 14 articles in the review.FindingsThe selected articles showed moderate quality and primarily used qualitative methods. The urban theories or event leverage frameworks are frequently employed. There are four legacy/impact themes that emerged: social, economic, sport and infrastructure. The prevailing conclusion is that CIDBs tend to experience negative legacies from these events.Research limitations/implicationsThis research underscores the pressing need for more socially responsible and equitable approaches to event hosting. Failing to tackle these crucial issues may intensify existing inequalities and provoke significant public dissatisfaction, thereby jeopardising the overarching goals these major events strive to accomplish.Originality/valueThis review marks the first of its kind, offering a thorough and comprehensive synthesis of evidence concerning the legacies of major events for CIDBs.
MHD double diffusive convective squeezing ternary nanofluid flow between parallel plates with activation energy and viscous dissipation
Authors: Sivanandam Sivasankaran , Thangaraj Chandrapushpam , Bhuvaneswari M. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This study aims to present the consequences of activation energy and the chemical reactions on the unsteady MHD squeezing flow of an incompressible ternary hybrid nanofluid (THN) comprising magnetite (FE3O4), multiwalled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNT) and copper (Cu) along with water (H2O) as the base fluid. This investigation is performed within the framework of two moving parallel plates under the influence of magnetic field and viscous dissipation.

Design/methodology/approach
Due to the complementary benefits of nanoparticles, THN is used to augment the heat transmit fluid’s efficacy. The flow situation is expressed as a system of dimensionless, nonlinear partial differential equations, which are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by suitable similarity substitutions. These transformed ODEs are then solved through a semianalytical technique called differential transform method (DTM). The effects of several changing physical parameters on the flow, temperature, concentration and the substantial measures of interest have been deliberated through graphs. This study verifies the reliability of the results by performing a comparison analysis with prior researches.

Findings
The enhanced activation energy results in improved concentration distribution and declined Sherwood number. Enhancement in chemical reaction parameter causes disparities in concentration of the ternary nanofluid. When the Hartmann number is zero, value of skin friction is high, but Nusselt and Sherwood numbers values are small. Rising nanoparticles concentrations correspond to a boost in overall thermal conductivity, causing reduced temperature profile.

Research limitations/implications
Due to its firm and simple nature, its implications are in various fields like chemical industry and medical industry for designing practical problems into mathematical models and experimental analysis.

Practical implications
Deployment of the squeezed flow of ternary nanofluid with activation energy has significant consideration in nuclear reactors, vehicles, manufacturing facilities and engineering environments.

Social implications
This study would be contributing significantly in the field of medical technology for treating cancer through hyperthermia treatment, and in industrial processes like water desalination and purification.

Originality/value
In this problem, a semianalytical approach called DTM is adopted to explore the consequences of activation energy and chemical reactions on the squeezing flow of ternary nanofluid.