bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal rainfall and temperature trends throughout the Brazilian Legal Amazon, 1973–2013
Authors: Almeida C. T. , Oliveira‐Júnior J. F. , Delgado R. C. , Cubo P. , Ramos M. C. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis study analyzes the spatiotemporal variability of rainfall and temperature (minimum, maximum and average) trends at 47 stations throughout the Brazilian Legal Amazon for the period 1973–2013. Annual, wet season and dry season trends were quantified by Sen's slope for each station and the entire region. The Mann–Kendall test was used to determine the statistical significance of the trends. For the whole region, minimum, maximum and average annual temperatures showed increasing trend of approximately 0.04 °C per year. The rainfall showed an insignificant trend for most stations for annual and seasonal series. Nevertheless, some stations showed significant increasing trends in the annual and wet season rainfalls while a few stations showed decreasing trends for the dry season rainfall. A positive trend of the annual range between wet and dry season rainfall was found in some stations, caused mainly by an increasing trend in wet season rainfall.
Recent applications of NMR in food and dietary studies
Authors: Ramakrishnan Venkatesh , Luthria Devanand L 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOver the last decade, a wide variety of new foods have been introduced into the global marketplace, many with health benefits that exceed those of traditional foods. Simultaneously, a wide range of analytical technologies has evolved that allow greater capability for the determination of food composition. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), traditionally a research tool used for structural elucidation, is now being used frequently for metabolomics and chemical fingerprinting. Its stability and inherent ease of quantification have been exploited extensively to identify and quantify bioactive components in foods and dietary supplements. In addition, NMR fingerprints have been used to differentiate cultivars, evaluate sensory properties of food and investigate the influence of growing conditions on food crops. Here we review the latest applications of NMR in food analysis. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Colloidal and Supported TiO2: Toward Nonextractable and Recyclable Photocatalysts for Radical Polymerizations in Aqueous Dispersed Media
Authors: Lobry Emeline , BT Bah Abdoul Salam , Vidal Loïc , Oliveros Esther , Braun André M. , Criqui Adrien , Chemtob Abraham 
Published: July 2016

Two high surface area titania forms, dispersed as stable nanoparticles or coated on fused silica microfiber, are used as nonleachable photocatalysts for the radical photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate miniemulsion in water. At low loading (0.17 wt%/wtmonomer), both nanoscale TiO2 yield ≈50% conversion after 10 min UV irradiation, compared to 63% with a conventional type I photoinitiatior (hydroxyacetophenone). High‐molecular‐weight values (>180 kDa) and a polydispersity index of about 1.5 are achieved, indicating that undesirable degradation is negligible. In the proposed mechanism, a surface initiation takes place through the generation of hydroxyl radicals from H2O oxidation. It is shown that irradiance and TiO2 content are two key parameters for controlling molecular weight and conversion values. The supported TiO2 form can be easily recovered and reused up to four times, despite a gradual reduction in conversion. Deposited on the wall of the annular photochemical reactor, it enables reaction scaling‐up.
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Transient bifurcation condition of partially saturated porous media at finite strain
Authors: Song Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBifurcation of unsaturated soils into a localized shear band is a ubiquitous failure mode of partially saturated soils. The density and degree of saturation have major impacts on the inception of localized deformations in unsaturated soils. Unsaturated fluid flow may dramatically change the density and degree of fluid saturation of unsaturated soils. Therefore, the unsaturated fluid flow is a potential trigger for shear banding in such materials. In this paper, we derive a simplified bifurcation condition of localized deformation in unsaturated soils under the local transient condition at finite strain. This transient bifurcation condition is implemented into a nonlinear finite element code to study the inception of localized deformation in unsaturated soil specimens. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the impact of soil fabrics of density, a ‘bonding’ variable, and intrinsic permeability on the inception of localized failures via the transient bifurcation criterion. Mesh sensitivity analysis is performed to demonstrate the viscosity effect of unsaturated fluid flow on the localized deformation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the transient bifurcation condition can detect the localized deformation triggered by the internal unsaturated fluid flow process in unsaturated soils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biophysical characterization of the domain association between cytosolic A and B domains of the mannitol transporter enzymes IIMtl in the presence and absence of a connecting linker
Authors: Lee Ko On , Kim Eun‐Hee , Kim Gowoon , Jung Jea Yeon , Katayama Shigeru , Nakamura Soichiro , Suh Jeong‐Yong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe mannitol transporter enzyme IIMtl of the bacterial phosphotransferase system is a multi‐domain protein that catalyzes mannitol uptake and phosphorylation. Here we investigated the domain association between cytosolic A and B domains of enzyme IIMtl, which are natively connected in Escherichia coli, but separated in Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis. NMR backbone assignment and residual dipolar couplings indicated that backbone folds were well conserved between the homologous domains. The equilibrium binding of separately expressed domains, however, exhibited ∼28‐fold higher affinity compared to the natively linked ones. Phosphorylation of the active site loop significantly contributed to the binding by reducing conformational dynamics at the binding interface, and a few key mutations at the interface were critical to further stabilize the complex by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The affinity increase implicated that domain associations in cell could be maintained at an optimal level regardless of the linker.
Framing program comprehension as fault localization
Authors: Perez Alexandre , Abreu Rui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractProgram comprehension is a time‐consuming task performed during the process of reusing, reengineering, and enhancing existing systems. There are tools to assist comprehension by means of dynamic analysis, but most cannot identify the topology and the interactions of certain functionality in need of change. We propose an approach, coined Spectrum‐based Feature Comprehension (SFC), that borrows techniques from software‐fault localization that were proven to be effective even when debugging large applications. SFC analyses the program by exploiting run‐time information from test case executions to identify the components that are important for a given feature, helping software engineers to understand how a program is structured and each of the functionality's dependencies are. We present a toolset, coined PANGOLIN, that implements SFC and displays its report to the user using an intuitive visualization. A user study presented demonstrating PANGOLIN's efficiency in locating components that should be inspected when changing a certain functionality. Participants using SFC spent a median of 50 min locating the feature with greater accuracy, whereas participants using coverage tools took 60 min. Finally, we also detail the Participatory Feature Detection approach, where user interactions with the system are captured; removing the hindrance of requiring pre‐existing automated tests. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Proyecto Costa Escondida: Recent interdisciplinary research in search of freshwater along the North Coast of Quintana Roo, Mexico
Authors: Beddows Patricia A. , Glover Jeffrey B. , Rissolo Dominique , Carter Alice M. , Jaijel Roy , Smith Derek M. , Goodman‐Tchernov Beverly 
Published: July 2016

Access to potable water has always been a major concern for human settlement, and this is particularly acute in coastal areas where freshwater can be compromised by saline marine waters. The northeast portion of Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula has a massive freshwater aquifer that today supports the international tourist destinations of Cancun and the Riviera Maya. However, access to this aquifer in pre‐Columbian times was restricted to natural features, such as cenotes (limestone sinkholes), aguadas (freshwater ponds), and coastal springs, or cultural features like wells, the viability of which is directly linked to sea level, which has risen over 2 m in the past 3000 years. In addition, ancient Maya inhabitants of the Yucatan collected rainwater in reservoirs, smaller‐scale cisterns called chultunes, or in ceramic pots. At the coastal site of Vista Alegre, located on the north coast of the Peninsula, there is limited evidence of potable water collection strategies, which has led members of the Proyecto Costa Escondida to critically examine how the freshwater access at the site changed over the past three millennia. To do this, the interdisciplinary research team has conducted (1) a physico‐chemical characterization of accessible surface and groundwater using a calibrated multiparameter probe, (2) a multiproxy study (i.e., micropaleontology, oxygen isotopic analysis) from 12 manual push cores taken in the waters surrounding Vista Alegre, and (3) an archaeological investigation. We hope our project serves as a model for future projects that strive to understand the complex and dynamic relationships between past peoples and their coastlines. WIREs Water 2016, 3:749–761. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1161This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Human Water > Water Governance
On the performance of interference cancelation in D2D‐enabled cellular networks
Authors: Ma Chuan , Wu Weijie , Cui Ying , Wang Xinbing 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDevice‐to‐device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular networks is a promising technology to improve network resource utilization. In D2D‐enabled cellular networks, interference among spectrum‐sharing links is severer than that in traditional cellular networks, which motivates the adoption of interference cancelation (IC) techniques at the receivers. However, to date, how IC can affect the performance of D2D‐enabled cellular networks is still unknown. In this paper, we present an analytical framework for studying the performance of two IC methods, that is, unconditional IC and successive IC, in large‐scale D2D‐enabled cellular networks using the tools from stochastic geometry. To facilitate the interference analysis, we propose an approach of stochastic equivalence of the interference, which converts the two‐tier interference (interference from the cellular tier and D2D tier) to an equivalent single‐tier interference. Based on the proposed stochastic equivalence models, we derive the general expressions for the successful transmission probabilities of both cellular uplinks and D2D links in the networks where unconditional IC and successive IC are respectively applied. We demonstrate how these IC methods affect the network performance using both analytical and numerical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive channel selection and slot length configuration in cognitive radio
Authors: Fan Rongfei , An Jianping , Jiang Hai , Bu Xiangyuan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the channel selection and slot time configuration in a cognitive radio network with a number of potential channels. Each channel alternates between ON state (i.e., the primary user is using the channel) and OFF state (i.e., the primary user does not use the channel), and the state evolution process is modeled as a continuous‐time Markov process. The traffic parameters (the transition rates) of the Markov process also evolve with time, modeled as a discrete‐time Markov process. A secondary user adopts a slotted structure with dynamic slot length. At each slot, the secondary user needs to determine which channel to sense and, if the channel is sensed idle, how long the slot length should be. Considering both the amount of data that the secondary user can transmit and the duration when the secondary user interferes with primary activities, a reward definition is given. Based on the reward definition, an adaptive channel selection and slot length configuration method is proposed, which includes a reward maximization procedure to maximize the achieved reward and an update procedure for the channel state belief vector and traffic parameter state belief vector. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and features of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipid Composition and Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation in Tilapia Fillets Supplemented with a Blend of Oils and Vitamin E
Authors: Carbonera Fabiana , Montanher Paula Fernandes , Figueiredo Ingrid Lima , Bonafé Elton Guntendorfer , Santos Júnior Oscar Oliveira , Sargi Sheisa Cyléia , Gonçalves Renata Menoci , Matsushita Makoto , Visentainer Jesuí Vergílio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSince the nutritional value of farm‐raised fish fillets is directly related to the diet provided, we supplemented the diet of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with a blend of chia (Salvia hispanicaL.) oil, tung (Aleurites fordii) oil, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to evaluate the effects on the fatty acid composition. Vitamin E was also added to the diet to improve the antioxidant capacity of tilapia fillets. We observed an increase in α‐linolenic acid content (from 6.56 to 19.03 mg g−1of total lipids), as well as the incorporation of CLA and conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) isomers in the fillets. The addition of vitamin E resulted in the antioxidant capacity improvement of the fillets and higher values were found after 15 feeding days (39.25 µmol TE g−1in the Ferric Reducing Ability Power assay). Supplementation proved to be an excellent tool to improve the nutritional value of fish fillets.
Health-related quality of life of medical students in a&nbsp;Brazilian student loan programme
Authors: Lins Liliane , Carvalho Fernando Martins , Menezes Marta Silva , Porto-Silva Larissa , Damasceno Hannah 
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the health-related quality of life of medical students participating in a large Brazilian government loan programme for undergraduate students in private schools.
A cross-sectional study in a stratified sample of students from a private medical school in Salvador, Brazil, evaluated their health-related quality of life by using a Brazilian Portuguese version of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36).
Students supported by the loan programme consistently presented lower mean scores in all SF-36 domains and in the physical and mental component summary scores than those who were not in the programme. Students supported by the loan programme presented systematically lower physical and mental component mean scores, after stratification by age, gender, school year, physical activity, sleepiness, headache, having a car, having a housemaid, living with family, and living in a rented house.
The loan programme has enabled less wealthy undergraduate students to attend private medical schools in Brazil. However, this support is insufficient to improve students’ health-related quality of life during medical school, as compared with students who do not participate in the programme. Because of a poorer health-related quality of life, students supported by the loan programme deserve special attention from private medical schools.
Liquid water storage in snow and ice in 86 Eastern Alpine basins and its changes from 1970–97 to 1998–2006
Authors: Kuhn Michael , Helfricht Kay , Ortner Martin , Landmann Johannes , Gurgiser Wolfgang 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe retention and release of liquid water in glacierized basins was modelled with a conceptual, semi-distributed model of the water and ice balance designed for long-term averages with monthly resolution for 100 m elevation bands. Here we present the components of the liquid water balance of 86 mostly glacierized basins on either side of the main Alpine divide between 10 and 13°E in the period 1998–2006 and compare them with the records of 30 basins monitored from 1970 to 1997. Basin average of liquid water retention has maxima in excess of 100 mm per month in May, often followed by maximum release when the retaining snow matrix melts. Glacier storage peaks in August partly due to ice melt and the ensuing filling of the englacial reservoirs and partly on account of a precipitation maximum. These two components combined to a common maximum of storage in summer in the first period 1970–97 and developed two distinct maxima in the warmer period 1998–2006. A further maximum of liquid water storage that was often found in October is most likely due to a peak in precipitation in the southern part of the study region.
Arizona Radiocarbon Dates VI
Authors: Haynes C. Vance , Damon Paul E. , Grey Donald C. 
Published: July 2016

The C14measurements reported here were made in this laboratory between November 1, 1963 and November 15, 1965. Sample descriptions are classified as follows:I.Geochemical SamplesII.Geologic-Paleoclimatic SamplesIII.Early Man-Alluvial Stratigraphy SamplesIV.Archaeologic Samples
Bern Radiocarbon Dates V
Authors: Oeschger H. , Riesen T. 
Published: July 2016

This list includes about half of the samples measured during the last year. Many studies need further investigation and the results will be published later when additional information will make better interpretations possible.The equipment and the technique is essentially the same as described earlier (Bern IV).Reliable results on CO2 samples extracted out of ice are obtained with the small counter mentioned in Bern IV.Our laboratory is financed by the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds. The authors wish to thank H. Loosli and P. Horisberger for their assistance in the measurements of part of the samples. They also thank M. Welten and H.-G. Bandi for their help in selecting and discussing the samples.
Monaco Radiocarbon Measurements II
Authors: Thommeret J. , Thommeret Y. 
Published: July 2016

This series reports some of the measurements made since publication of the previous list. Chemical preparation of samples is basically the same as described in Monaco I.The counting electronics of the proportional counter has been entirely rebuilt by J. Galliot and P. Albertinoli of C.S.M. The new device is transistorized and battery-operated. At regular intervals of time, usually 10 min, the count (anti-coincidence channel) is printed in tape. Large deviations from the mean are easily visible and can lead to rejection of the measurement if the distribution is not normal, i.e. does not fit a straight line on Gaussian paper.
National Physical Laboratory Radiocarbon Measurements IV
Authors: Callow W. J. , Baker M. J. , Hassall Geraldine I. 
Published: July 2016

The following list comprises measurements made since those reported in NPL III and is complete to the end of November 1965.Ages are relative to A.D. 1950 and are calculated using a half-life of 5568 yr. The measurements, corrected for fractionation (quoted δC13values are relative to the P.D.B. standard), are referred to 0.950 times the activity of the NBS oxalic acid as contemporary reference standard. The quoted uncertainty is one standard deviation derived from a proper combination of the parameter variances as described in detail in NPL III. These variances are those of the standard and background measurements over a rolling twenty week period, of the sample δC14and δC13measurements and of the de Vries effect (assumed to add an additional uncertainty equivalent to a standard deviation of 80 yr). Any uncertainty in the half-life has been excluded so that relative C14ages may be correctly compared. Absolute age assessments, however, should be made using the accepted best value for the half-life and the appropriate uncertainty then included. If the net sample count rate is less than 4 times the standard error of the difference between the sample and background count rates, a lower limit to the age is reported corresponding to a net sample count rate of 4 times the standard error of this difference.
University of Wisconsin Radiocarbon Dates III
Authors: Bender Margaret M. , Bryson Reid A. , Baerreis David A. 
Published: July 2016

This report summarizes the radiocarbon dates obtained at the University of Wisconsin since November, 1965; the procedures followed and equipment used have been described previously (Wisconsin II).The dates reported have been calculated on the assumption of a half-life of 5568 yr for C14, 1950 as the reference year. Samples have normally been run at 3 atm pressure for a minimum of 15,000 counts. The standard deviation quoted includes only the 1σ of the counting statistics of background, sample, and standard counts.
A Contribution to the Interpretation of 14C Groundwater Ages Considering the Example of a Partially Confined Sandstone Aquifer
Authors: Eichinger Lorenz 
Published: July 2016

Previously described models and a new model were compared to determine the initial 14C content of groundwater in a partially-confined and unconfined sandstone aquifer (Fränkisches Albvorland, Germany). Isotope and chemical data were derived from samples of water, soil-CO2, and solid carbonates. The various 14C models lead to important differences in resulting groundwater ages.From the relationship between 14C and 2H or 18O concentrations of groundwater, it must be assumed that chemical and/or physical carbon isotope exchange between the DIC and the solid carbonate has occurred provided the groundwater with lower 18O and 2H concentrations was generated during the Pleistocene. Groundwater ages deduced from 14C and 39Ar concentrations showed discrepancies which can be explained if carbon isotope exchange between DIC and solid carbonate as well as mixing of recent and fossil waters is considered.
University of Lund Radiocarbon Dates XVII
Authors: Håkansson Sören 
Published: July 2016

Most of the14C measurements reported here were made between October 1982 and October 1983. Equipment, measurement, and treatment of samples are as reported previously (R, 1968, v 10, p 36–37; 1976, v 18, p 290; 1980, v 22, p 1045).Age calculations are based on a contemporary value equal to 95% of the activity of NBS oxalic acid standard (No. 4990A) and on the conventional half-life for14C of 5568 yr. Results are reported in years before 1950 (years bp). Errors quoted with the dates are based on counting statistics alone and are equivalent to ± 1 standard deviation (±σ).