bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Interplanetary Transport in the Event-intergrated Solar Energetic Particle Spectra
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Zhang Ming , Rassoul Hamid K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Previous investigations on the energy spectra of solar energetic particle (SEP) events revealed that the energy spectra observed at 1 au often show double power laws with break energies from one to tens of MeV/nuc. In order to determine whether the double power-law features result from the SEP source or the interplanetary transport process from the Sun to 1 au, we separately analyze the SEP spectra in the decay phase, during which the transport effect is minimum. In this paper, we reported three events observed by the Interplanetary Monitory Platform 8 spacecraft, which occurred on 1977 September 19, November 22, and 1979 March 1. For the first two events, the event-integrated spectra of protons possess double power-law profiles with break energies in a range of several MeV to tens of MeV, while the spectra integrated in the decay (reservoir) phase yield single power laws. Moreover, a general trend from a double power law at the rising phase to a single power law at the decay phase is observed. For the third event, both the event-integrated and the reservoir spectra show double power-law features. However, the difference between the low- and high-energy power-law indices is smaller for the reservoir spectrum than the event-integrated spectrum. These features were reproduced by solving the 1D diffusion equation analytically and we suggest that the transport process, especially the diffusion process, plays an important role in breaking the energy spectra.
“Dandelion” Filament Eruption and Coronal Waves Associated with a Solar Flare on 2011 February 16
Authors: Cabezas Denis P. , Martínez Lurdes M. , Buleje Yovanny J. , Ishitsuka Mutsumi , Ishitsuka José K. , Morita Satoshi , Asai Ayumi , UeNo Satoru , Ishii Takako T. , Kitai Reizaburo , Takasao Shinsuke , Yoshinaga Yusuke , Otsuji Kenichi , Shibata Kazunari 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Coronal disturbances associated with solar flares, such as Hα Moreton waves, X-ray waves, and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) coronal waves, are discussed herein in relation to magnetohydrodynamic fast-mode waves or shocks in the corona. To understand the mechanism of coronal disturbances, full-disk solar observations with high spatial and temporal resolution over multiple wavelengths are of crucial importance. We observed a filament eruption, whose shape is like a “dandelion,” associated with the M1.6 flare that occurred on 2011 February 16 in Hα images taken by the Flare Monitoring Telescope at Ica University, Peru. We derive the three-dimensional velocity field of the erupting filament. We also identify winking filaments that are located far from the flare site in the Hα images, whereas no Moreton wave is observed. By comparing the temporal evolution of the winking filaments with those of the coronal wave seen in the EUV images data taken by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and by the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory-Ahead, we confirm that the winking filaments were activated by the EUV coronal wave.
Solar Energetic Particle Acceleration by a Shock Wave Accompanying a Coronal Mass Ejection in the Solar Atmosphere
Authors: Petukhova A. S. , Petukhov I. S. , Petukhov S. I. , Ksenofontov L. T. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Solar energetic particle acceleration by a shock wave accompanying a coronal mass ejection (CME) is studied. The description of the accelerated particle spectrum evolution is based on the numerical calculation of the diffusive transport equation with a set of realistic parameters. The relation between the CME and shock speeds, which depend on the initial CME radius, is determined. Depending on the initial CME radius, its speed, and the magnetic energy of the scattering Alfvén waves, the accelerated particle spectrum is established 10–60 minutes from the beginning of CME motion. The maximum energies of particles reach 0.1–10 GeV. The CME radii of 3–5

and the shock radii of 5–10

agree with observations. The calculated particle spectra agree with the observed ones in events registered by ground-based detectors if the turbulence spectrum in the solar corona significantly differs from the Kolmogorov one.
First Evidence of Running Cosmic Vacuum: Challenging the Concordance Model
Authors: Solà Joan , Gómez-Valent Adrià , Pérez Javier de Cruz 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Despite the fact that a rigid

-term is a fundamental building block of the concordance ΛCDM model, we show that a large class of cosmological scenarios with dynamical vacuum energy density

together with a dynamical gravitational coupling G or a possible non‐conservation of matter, are capable of seriously challenging the traditional phenomenological success of the ΛCDM. In this paper, we discuss these “running vacuum models” (RVMs), in which

consists of a nonvanishing constant term and a series of powers of the Hubble rate. Such generic structure is potentially linked to the quantum field theoretical description of the expanding universe. By performing an overall fit to the cosmological observables SN Ia+BAO+H(z)+LSS+BBN+CMB (in which the WMAP9, Planck 2013, and Planck 2015 data are taken into account), we find that the class of RVMs appears significantly more favored than the ΛCDM, namely, at an unprecedented level of

. Furthermore, the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria confirm that the dynamical RVMs are strongly preferred compared to the conventional rigid

-picture of the cosmic evolution.
Hall Effect–Mediated Magnetic Flux Transport in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Bai Xue-Ning , Stone James M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The global evolution of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) has recently been shown to be largely controlled by the amount of poloidal magnetic flux threading the disk. The amount of magnetic flux must also coevolve with the disk, as a result of magnetic flux transport, a process that is poorly understood. In weakly ionized gas as in PPDs, magnetic flux is largely frozen in the electron fluid, except when resistivity is large. When the disk is largely laminar, we show that the relative drift between the electrons and ions (the Hall drift), and the ions and neutral fluids (ambipolar drift) can play a dominant role on the transport of magnetic flux. Using two-dimensional simulations that incorporate the Hall effect and ambipolar diffusion (AD) with prescribed diffusivities, we show that when large-scale poloidal field is aligned with disk rotation, the Hall effect rapidly drags magnetic flux inward at the midplane region, while it slowly pushes flux outward above/below the midplane. This leads to a highly radially elongated field configuration as a global manifestation of the Hall-shear instability. This field configuration further promotes rapid outward flux transport by AD at the midplane, leading to instability saturation. In quasi-steady state, magnetic flux is transported outward at approximately the same rate at all heights, and the rate is comparable to the Hall-free case. For anti-aligned field polarity, the Hall effect consistently transports magnetic flux outward, leading to a largely vertical field configuration in the midplane region. The field lines in the upper layer first bend radially inward and then outward to launch a disk wind. Overall, the net rate of outward flux transport is about twice as fast as that of the aligned case. In addition, the rate of flux transport increases with increasing disk magnetization. The absolute rate of transport is sensitive to disk microphysics, which remains to be explored in future studies.
A Sharp Bound on RIC in Generalized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit
Authors: Chen Wengu , Ge Huanmin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe generalized orthogonal matching pursuit (gOMP) algorithm has received much attention in recent years as a natural extension of the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP). It is used to recover sparse signals in compressive sensing. In this paper, a new bound is obtained for the exact reconstruction of every K-sparse signal via the gOMP algorithm in the noiseless case. That is, if the restricted isometry constant (RIC) δNK+1 of the sensing matrix A satisfiesthen the gOMP can perfectly recover every K-sparse signal x from y = Ax. Furthermore, the bound is proved to be sharp. In the noisy case, the above bound on RIC combining with an extra condition on the minimum magnitude of the nonzero components of K-sparse signals can guarantee that the gOMP selects all of the support indices of the K-sparse signals.
Local Error Analysis and Comparison of the Swept- and Intersection-Based Remapping Methods
Authors: Klima Matej , Kucharik Milan , Shashkov Mikhail 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the numerical error of two widely used methods for remapping of discrete quantities from one computational mesh to another is investigated. We compare the intuitive, but resource intensive method utilizing intersections of computational cells with the faster and simpler swept-region-based method. Both algorithms are formally second order accurate, however, they are known to produce slightly different quantity profiles in practical applications. The second-order estimate of the error formula is constructed algebraically for both algorithms so that their local accuracy can be evaluated. This general estimate is then used to assess the dependence of the performance of both methods on parameters such as the second derivatives of the remapped distribution, mesh geometry or mesh movement. Due to the complexity of such analysis, it is performed on a set of simplified elementary mesh patterns such as cell corner expansion, rotation or shear. On selected numerical tests it is demonstrated that the swept-based method can distort a symmetric quantity distribution more substantially than the intersection-based approach when the computational mesh moves in an unsuitable direction.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Steady Flow in a Semi-Elliptical Cavity
Authors: Ren Junjie , Guo Ping 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe lattice Boltzmann method is employed to simulate the steady flow in a two-dimensional lid-driven semi-elliptical cavity. Reynolds number (Re) and vertical-to-horizontal semi-axis ratio (D) are in the range of 500-5000 and 0.1-4, respectively. The effects of Re and D on the vortex structure and pressure field are investigated, and the evolutionary features of the vortex structure with Re and D are analyzed in detail. Simulation results show that the vortex structure and its evolutionary features significantly depend on Re and D. The steady flow is characterized by one vortex in the semi-elliptical cavity when both Re and D are small. As Re increases, the appearance of the vortex structure becomes more complex. When D is less than 1, increasing D makes the large vortexes more round, and the evolution of the vortexes with D becomes more complex with increasing Re. When D is greater than 1, the steady flow consists of a series of large vortexes which superimpose on each other. As Re and D increase, the number of the large vortexes increases. Additionally, a small vortex in the upper-left corner of the semi-elliptical cavity appears at a large Re and its size increases slowly as Re increases. The highest pressures appear in the upper-right corner and the pressure changes drastically in the upper-right region of the cavity. The total pressure differences in the semi-elliptical cavity with a fixed D decrease with increasing Re. In the region of themain vortex, the pressure contours nearly coincide with the streamlines, especially for the cavity flow with a large Re.
REINFORCEMENT OF NATURAL RUBBER BY SILICA/SILANE IN DEPENDENCE OF DIFFERENT AMINE TYPES
Authors: Hayichelaeh C. , Reuvekamp L. A. E. M. , Dierkes W. K. , Blume A. , Noordermeer J. W. M. , Sahakaro K. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Diphenyl guanidine (DPG) is the most commonly used secondary accelerator in silica-reinforced rubber compounds because of its additional positive effect on the silanization reaction and deactivation of free silanol groups that are left over after the silanization. However, because of health and safety concerns about the use of DPG, which decomposes to give highly toxic aniline during high processing temperature, safe alternatives are required. This work investigates the effect of various types of aliphatic amines having alkyl or cyclic structures and similar pKa (i.e., hexylamine [HEX], decylamine [DEC], octadecylamine [OCT], cyclohexylamine [CYC], dicyclohexylamine [DIC], and quinuclidine [QUI]) on the properties of silica-reinforced natural rubber (NR) compounds by taking the ones with DPG and without amine as references. When compared with the compound without amine, the use of all amine types reduces filler–filler interaction (i.e., the Payne effect) and enhances filler–rubber interaction, as indicated by bound rubber content and decreased heat capacity increment. The amines with alkyl chains can reduce the Payne effect and enhance cure rate to a greater extent compared with the amines with cyclic rings as a result of better accessibility toward the silica surface and a shielding effect because of less steric hindrance. The longer carbon tails on linear aliphatic amines ranging from HEX, DEC, to OCT lead to a lower Payne effect, lower heat capacity increment, higher bound rubber content, and higher modulus as well as tensile strength. Overall, the use of OCT provides silica-reinforced NR compounds with properties closest to the reference one with DPG and can act as a potential alternative for DPG.
Turning Listening Inside Out: Brian Eno'sAmbient 1: Music for Airports
Authors: Lysaker John 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBrian Eno's Ambient 1: Music for Airports is a seminal album in the history of electronic music. Using Deleuze and Guattari's notion of the assemblage, I explore the album's compositional structure as well as its ambient function, by attending to specific tracks and locating the album in musical history, particularly relative to the work of John Cage, La Monte Young, and Steve Reich. In an extended discussion of its ambient function, I argue that the LP offers music for reverie that is capable of initiating processes of potential self-transformation.
He Saw What Was Going to Happen in the World and Put It on Stage
Authors: Magada-Ward Mary 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
The choreographer George Balanchine famously declared that “I don't create or invent anything, I assemble.” I take the import of this pronouncement to be that he conceived his artistic mission to be that of articulating (in movement) those liberatory tendencies that, without his work, might very well have remained inchoate for his audience, and I illustrate this reading through an examination of his 1957 masterpiece Agon, a ballet whose central pas de deux is a symbolic violation of the laws against miscegenation.
A Validated HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Perindopril Arginine, Amlodipine, and Indapamide: Application in Bulk and in Different Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: El-Bagary Ramzia I , Elkady Ehab F , Mowaka Shereen , Attallah Maria A 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A simple, accurate, and precise LC method with a reversed stationary phase was developed and validated for the determination of perindopril (PER) arginine, amlodipine (AML), and indapamide (IND) alone and in binary mixtures (PER arginine is found in two dosage forms, i.e., with either AML or IND). Chromatographic separation was carried out on a BDS Hypersil® C18 column (100 × 3 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase, consisting of 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.6)–methanol (50 + 50, v/v), was pumped through the column whose temperature was maintained at 50°C at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min using isocratic elution, and UV detection at 215 nm was performed. Acceptable values of linearity, accuracy, and precision of the method were found over the concentration ranges of 5–80 μg/mL PER, 2.5–80 μg/mL AML, and 0.5–20 μg/mL IND. The proposed chromatographic method was statistically compared to that of reference methods using one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the methods. The developed method proved reliable for use in accurate QC of the drugs in their pharmaceutical preparations.
The undatables: Quantifying uncertainty in a highly expanded Late Glacial‐Holocene sediment sequence recovered from the deepest Baltic Sea basin—IODP Site M0063
Authors: Obrochta S. P. , Andrén T. , Fazekas S. Z. , Lougheed B. C. , Snowball I. , Yokoyama Y. , Miyairi Y. , Kondo R. , Kotilainen A. T. , Hyttinen O. , Fehr A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLaminated, organic‐rich silts and clays with high dissolved gas content characterize sediments at IODP Site M0063 in the Landsort Deep, which at 459 m is the deepest basin in the Baltic Sea. Cores recovered from Hole M0063A experienced significant expansion as gas was released during the recovery process, resulting in high sediment loss. Therefore, during operations at subsequent holes, penetration was reduced to 2 m per 3.3 m core, permitting expansion into 1.3 m of initially empty liner. Fully filled liners were recovered from Holes B through E, indicating that the length of recovered intervals exceeded the penetrated distance by a factor of >1.5. A typical down‐core logarithmic trend in gamma density profiles, with anomalously low‐density values within the upper ∼1 m of each core, suggests that expansion primarily occurred in this upper interval. Thus, we suggest that a simple linear correction is inappropriate. This interpretation is supported by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data that indicate vertical stretching in the upper ∼1.5 m of expanded cores. Based on the mean gamma density profiles of cores from Holes M0063C and D, we obtain an expansion function that is used to adjust the depth of each core to conform to its known penetration. The variance in these profiles allows for quantification of uncertainty in the adjusted depth scale. Using a number of bulk 14C dates, we explore how the presence of multiple carbon source pathways leads to poorly constrained radiocarbon reservoir age variability that significantly affects age and sedimentation rate calculations.
How well does wind speed predict air‐sea gas transfer in the sea ice zone? A synthesis of radon deficit profiles in the upper water column of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Loose B. , Kelly R. P. , Bigdeli A. , Williams W. , Krishfield R. , Rutgers van der Loeff M. , Moran S. B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present 34 profiles of radon‐deficit from the ice‐ocean boundary layer of the Beaufort Sea. Including these 34, there are presently 58 published radon‐deficit estimates of air‐sea gas transfer velocity (k) in the Arctic Ocean; 52 of these estimates were derived from water covered by 10% sea ice or more. The average value of k collected since 2011 is 4.0 ± 1.2 m d−1. This exceeds the quadratic wind speed prediction of weighted kws = 2.85 m d−1 with mean‐weighted wind speed of 6.4 m s−1. We show how ice cover changes the mixed‐layer radon budget, and yields an “effective gas transfer velocity.” We use these 58 estimates to statistically evaluate the suitability of a wind speed parameterization for k, when the ocean surface is ice covered. Whereas the six profiles taken from the open ocean indicate a statistically good fit to wind speed parameterizations, the same parameterizations could not reproduce k from the sea ice zone. We conclude that techniques for estimating k in the open ocean cannot be similarly applied to determine k in the presence of sea ice. The magnitude of k through gaps in the ice may reach high values as ice cover increases, possibly as a result of focused turbulence dissipation at openings in the free surface. These 58 profiles are presently the most complete set of estimates of k across seasons and variable ice cover; as dissolved tracer budgets they reflect air‐sea gas exchange with no impact from air‐ice gas exchange.
Green Organocatalytic Synthesis of Indolines and Pyrrolidines from Alkenes
Authors: Theodorou Alexis , Kokotos Christoforos G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEmploying a green and efficient 2,2,2‐trifluoroacetophenone‐catalyzed oxidation of alkenes, which utilizes H2O2 as the green oxidant, a novel and sustainable synthesis of indolines and pyrrolidines was developed. This constitutes a cheap, general and environmentally‐friendly protocol for the synthesis of substituted nitrogen‐containing heterocycles. A variety of substitution patterns, both aromatic and aliphatic moieties, are well tolerated leading to the desired nitrogen heterocycles in good to excellent yields.magnified image
One‐Pot Assembly of Highly Functionalized Cyclopenta[b]pyrroles via a Calcium(II)‐ and Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Reaction Sequence
Authors: Marin Lucile , Gandon Vincent , Schulz Emmanuelle , Lebœuf David 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA user‐friendly, calcium(II)‐ and copper(II)‐catalyzed one‐pot reaction sequence to furnish cyclopenta[b]pyrroles with a high level of complexity is depicted. The reaction involves the following sequential transformations: (i) an aza‐Piancatelli cyclization, (ii) a hydroamination/isomerization process and (iii) a subsequent Friedel–Crafts‐type reaction to afford the desired compounds from readily available 2‐furylcarbinols, anilines and secondary alcohols with a minimum of precautions.magnified image
Bioelectrical impedance vector reference values for assessing body composition in a Spanish child and adolescent population
Authors: Redondo‐del‐Río María Paz , Camina‐Martín María Alicia , Marugán‐de‐Miguelsanz Josí‐Manuel , de‐Mateo‐Silleras Beatriz 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesReference values of the bioelectrical impedance vector for the Spanish child and adolescent population are needed for assessing body composition and hydration status in this population. The aim of this study is to provide reference values of the bioelectrical impedance vector in Spanish children and adolescents aged 4‐18 years from Castilla y León.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional descriptive study conducted in 4401 Spanish healthy children and adolescents aged 4‐18 years (2265 boys and 2136 girls). Resistance and reactance were measured with a single‐frequency impedance analyzer at 50 kHz (tetrapolar analysis). The values of resistance and reactance normalized by height were used to plot the bivariate 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles of the population by age group. Mean impedance vectors were compared with Hotelling's T2 test for vector analysis (differences being considered significant if p < .05).ResultsTolerance ellipses were drawn for the Spanish child and adolescent population studied. The mean impedance vector showed displacement across all age groups except for (1) girls aged 12–13 years, (2) girls aged 15–18 years, and (3) boys aged 16–18 years. There were sex‐related differences in the mean impedance vector in all age ranges, even in prepubertal children. Among adolescents, the patterns of the vector displacement were consistent with the timing of normal growth and development in all groups and are attributable to the maturation process.ConclusionsNew tolerance ellipses have been constructed for Spanish children and adolescents by sex and age. These ellipses reflect the timing of normal childhood growth and development.