bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of exposure to thiazolidinediones on the development of head-and-neck cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Govindarajan Rangaswamy , Siegel Eric R 
Published: November 2017

Background: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) ligands with a variety of metabolic activities approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to being potent hypoglycemic agents, they are recognized through in-vitro studies as having antiproliferative activity. This study was conducted to explore the impact of TZD exposures on the development of head-and-neck cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on subjects attending 10 Veterans Affairs medical centers comprising Veterans Integrated Services Network 16 (VISN-16). Data were collected from the VISN-16 database created from the electronic patient charts. Male diabetics who were eligible to be prescribed TZDs were followed for the development of head-and-neck cancer. Head-and-neck cancers were identified by International Statistical Classification of Diseases 9 (ICD 9) codes; exposures to TZDs and other antidiabetic agents were determined from pharmacy dispensing records. Results: A total of 130,406 subjects who met the study criteria were followed for a total of 571,237 person-years, during which time 911 head-and-neck cancers developed. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of head-and-neck cancers among subjects exposed to TZDs after adjusting for other antidiabetic agents, race, age, body mass index (BMI), and glycosylated hemoglobin [hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C)] (hazard ratio 0.43, confidence interval 0.21–0.89; p = 0.023). Conclusion: A statistically significant reduction was noted in the incidence of head-and-neck cancers among male diabetic veterans exposed to TZDs. These data warrant further investigation.
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes: considerations pre- and posttransplant
Authors: Alter Blanche P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPatients with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes are usually identified when they develop hematologic complications such as severe bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome, or acute myeloid leukemia. They often have specific birth defects or other physical abnormalities that suggest a syndrome, and sequencing of specific genes or next-generation sequencing can determine or confirm the particular syndrome. The 4 most frequent syndromes are Fanconi anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, Diamond Blackfan anemia, and Shwachman Diamond syndrome. This review discusses the major complications that develop as the patients with these syndromes age, as well as additional late effects following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The most common complications are iron overload in transfused patients and syndrome-specific malignancies in untransplanted patients, which may occur earlier and with higher risks in those who have received transplants.
Adsorption Behavior of Arsenic to an Isolated Ferric Ion Combined on Chelate Resin
Authors: Aacharya Sabita , Gaowa Naren , Ohashi Hironori , Kawamoto Daisuke , Honma Tetsuo , Okaue Yoshihiro , Yokoyama Takushi 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Adsorption behavior of As(V) and As(III) to an isolated ferric ion combined with Chelex 100 suggested that an isolated ferric ion combined with organic substances plays an important role in the uptake of arsenic in the pedosphere in addition to ferric hydrous oxides (Fe2O3·nH2O) which are ubiquitous inorganic polymers.
Monocytes isolated by positive and negative magnetic sorting techniques show different molecular characteristics and immunophenotypic behaviour
Authors: Bhattacharjee Jashdeep , Das Barun , Mishra Alaknanda , Sahay Preeti , Upadhyay Pramod 
Published: November 2017

Background: Magnetic sorting of cells, based on microbead conjugated antibodies (Abs), employs positive as well as negative immunomagnetic separation methods, for isolation of a specific cell population. These microbeads are suggested to be nontoxic, biodegradable carriers conjugated to various antibodies. Isolation of cells through positive selection involves the attachment of antibody conjugated microbeads to the cells of interest, followed by their isolation in the presence of a strong magnetic field to obtain higher purity. Negative selection involves attachment of microbead conjugated antibodies to all other cell populations except the cells of interest, which remain untagged. In the present study, we compared the two methods for their effect on functional and immunophenotypic behavior of isolated CD14+ monocytes.Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood collected from healthy volunteers by density gradient centrifugation. Human blood derived monocytes were isolated through positive selection and negative selection, making use of the appropriate monocyte isolation kit. Monocytes were then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and their activation and proliferation capacity were examined. The degradation or dissociation of cell-bound microbeads was also investigated.Results: We observed an impaired LPS sensitivity as well as poor activation and proliferation capacity upon stimulation by LPS in positively sorted CD14+ monocytes as compared to negatively sorted CD14+ monocytes. The attached microbeads did not degrade and remained attached to the cells even after 6 days of culture.Conclusions: Our results suggest that positively sorted CD14+ cells exhibit hampered functionality and may result in inaccurate analysis and observations in downstream applications. However, these cells can be used for immediate analytical procedures.
High-dependency care: experiences of the psychosocial work environment
Authors: Rahman Hanif Abdul , Naing Lin , Abdul-Mumin Khadizah 
Published: November 2017

Aim: to explore high-dependency care nurses' experiences of their psychosocial work environment. Methods: four focus groups were conducted with 23 emergency and critical care hospital nurses in Brunei. All sessions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive-approach thematic analysis. Findings: three major themes were identified. ‘Specialisation/specific skills’ explained a fundamental requirement for the high-dependency care nurses to work effectively and efficiently in their workplace. ‘Task completion’ narrated the pressure they experienced to complete their tasks within time constraints exacerbated by a reduced number of staff. ‘Acknowledgement’ signified their need for fair and adequate reward for their hard work through career progression and promotion. Conclusion: this study facilitates the design of future interventions and policies that promote a healthy psychosocial work environment by ensuring nurses working in these areas have the required specialisation skills, there is a balance of workload and nurse-to-patient ratios, and they are offered fairness and equity in career progression and promotion.
Mapping Soil Particle-Size Fractions Using Additive Log-Ratio (ALR) and Isometric Log-Ratio (ILR) Transformations and Proximally Sensed Ancillary Data
Authors: Muzzamal Muddassar , Huang Jingyi , Nielson Rod , Sefton Michael , Triantafilis John 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTogether, the three particle size fractions (PSFs) of clay, silt, and sand are the most fundamental soil properties because the relative abundance influences the physical, chemical, and biological activities in soil. Unfortunately, determining PSFs requires a laboratory method which is time-consuming. One way to add value is to use digital soil mapping, which relies on empirical models, such as multiple linear regression (MLR), to couple ancillary data to PSFs. This approach does not account for the special requirements of compositional data. Here, ancillary data were coupled, via MLR modelling, to additive log-ratio (ALR) or isometric log-ratio (ILR) transformations of the PSFs to meet these requirements. These three approaches (MLR vs. ALR-MLR and ILR-MLR) were evaluated along with the use of different ancillary data that included proximally sensed gamma-ray spectrometry, electromagnetic induction, and elevation data. In addition, how the prediction might be improved was examined using ancillary data that was measured on transects and was compared to data interpolated from transects spaced far apart. Although the ALR-MLR approach did not produce significantly better results, it predicted soil PSFs that summed to 100 and had the advantage of interpreting the ancillary data relative to the original coordinates (i.e. clay, silt, and sand). For the prediction of PSFs at various depths, all ancillary data were useful. Elevation and gamma-ray data were slightly better for topsoil and elevation and electromagnetic (EM) data were better for subsoil prediction. In addition, a smaller transect spacing (26 m) and number of samples (9–16) might be adopted for mapping soil PSFs and soil texture across the study field. The ALR-MLR approach can be applied elsewhere to map the spatial distribution of clay minerals.
The politics of ebooks
Authors: Sang Yoonmo 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Ebooks have emerged as one of the popular means of reading, but little is known about how ebook usage by the general public and the ability of public lending libraries to serve their patrons are being constrained by various sociocultural factors such as restrictive licensing agreements that publishers demand. This study identifies the various constraints through the lens of Lessig’s four modalities to better understand how the ecosystem of ebooks that includes legal and economic conditions is affected by the modalities. In doing so, this study examines the shift towards the licensing of ebooks and the proprietary schemes of digital rights management with a particular focus on the diminishing capability of public lending libraries to advance the public interest in a democratic society. In the age of licensing, the mission of public libraries as ‘equalizing institutions’ should be upheld to the fullest.
A review of the applications of the Block-chain technology in smart devices and dis-tributed renewable energy grids
Authors: Kushch Sergii , Prieto Castrillo Francisco 
Published: November 2017

In this paper we make a critical review of the existing technology in the smart cities and smart grid paradigms from the security perspective. First we summarize the findings about the evolution of renewable technology over time and in particular the benefits of a Cost reduction potential for solar and wind power in the period 2015-2025. Then we build from existing sources to highlight different ways for efficiency improvement in solar panel solutions during 1975-2015. Next we analyze growth of the smart metering and smart grid technology in the world. Also, the existing Blockchain solutions are critically reviewed in regard to cyber infrastructure security. From these findings we conclude that there is an increasing need for developing new Blockchain solutions in the smart grids ecosystem.
The New Silk Road, Old Concepts of Globalization, and New Questions
Authors: Nobis Adam 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
New Silk Roads and their economic, political and cultural aspects are new components of our modernity. As such, they raise questions and call for new studies. They are best addressed within interdisciplinary approaches exploring a wide range of subjects across a variety of geographical and historical settings. The cultural facets of the new developments (meanings, values, norms and their multiculturalism) cannot be examined out of their economic and political contexts. To make sense of the New Silk Road(s) phenomenon, connections among different geographical locations must be studied alongside the links between the past and the present. For this reason, I consider my manuscript to be suitable for publication in Open Cultural Studies. New Silk Roads can also be seen as a species of globalisation, and I hope that my contribution will propel academic discussions in the field of global studies, seeking to provide answers to such queries as: Are we witnessing the rise of a new globalisation and a new global order? How can they be related to the present and past ones? Do we need new global theories to grasp them or are the existing frameworks still adequate?
Using the Internet to access health-related information: results from a nationally representative sample of New Zealand secondary school students
Authors: Utter Jennifer , Lucassen Mathijs , Denny Simon , Fleming Terry , Peiris-John Roshini , Clark Terryann 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objective
To determine if secondary school students in New Zealand who report greater health concerns (e.g. significant depressive symptoms) are more likely to use the Internet to access health-related information.

Methods
A nationally representative health and wellbeing survey was undertaken in 2012 (n = 8500). Multiple regression models were used to examine the associations between students’ use of the Internet to access health-related information and selected outcomes or indicators.

Results
Over 90% of students used the Internet on a daily basis, with 15.4% of students reporting that they had used the Internet to access health-related information. Students experiencing household poverty were more likely to report not using the Internet daily (17.4% compared to 4.2%). Odds ratios (ORs) for accessing the Internet for this sort of information were highest for students who reported self-harm [OR 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3–3.3], disordered eating (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.4–3.2), or a suicide attempt (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.9–3.3).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that Internet-based health interventions may be a viable way to reach young people with high health needs, but consideration needs to be given to those with limited Internet access.
Assessment of anxiety in adolescents involved in a study abroad program: a prospective study
Authors: Roitblat Yulia , Cleminson Ryan , Kavin Aaron , Schonberger Edan , Shterenshis Michael 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to measure the effects on levels of anxiety in healthy teenagers caused by a temporary change of country and school during a study abroad program.

Methods
In a prospective study we gathered the data from six anxiety level related tests on high school participants in a study abroad program (age 15–17, n = 364, M 172, F 192). These volunteer participants were divided into two separate groups: with self-reported elevated levels of anxiety (n = 111; YES-group) and with self-reported normal levels of anxiety (n = 253; NO-group). Two control groups of schoolchildren drawn from two local schools were used for comparison (n = 100 each). Three tests were subjective, i.e. self-fill-out tests. The next three tests were objective psychological or neurophysiological tests designed to estimate reflex control, concentration and a feeling for the passage of time.

Results
The initial mean anxiety level score among the 364 participants was 41.5 ± 16.7 (min 16, max 80) on 5–110 scale. For the YES-group the score was 56.5 ± 15.9, and for the NO-group the score was 34.7 ± 17.4 (p = 0.05). The retesting after they had been in the same place for 7 weeks revealed that the mean anxiety level score of the participants decreased to 37.4 ± 16.9 (min 15, max 72). For the YES-group the score significantly decreased to 39.3 ± 15.5, and for the NO-group the score slightly elevated to 36.7 ± 16.4 producing similar results for both groups (p = 0.81).

Conclusion
A temporary change of country and school at first results in a rise in anxiety levels in about one third of participants. However, after an extended stay it falls to normal levels.
A comparison of positive youth development against depression and suicidal ideation in youth from Hong Kong and the Netherlands
Authors: Leung Cyrus L.K. , Bender Michael , Kwok Sylvia Y.C.L. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
This study tests the buffering effects of positive youth development (PYD) factors against depression and suicidal ideation across Hong Kong and Dutch students.

Methods
We collected data on depression, suicidal ideation, history of childhood maltreatment, and PYD from 565 Dutch and Hong Kong undergraduates. The three PYD factors, prosocial attributes, positive identity, and cognitive-behavioral competence, were examined for their moderating role in the relationship among childhood maltreatment, depression, and suicidal ideation in path analysis.

Results
Direct protective effects are found for all PYD factors in both cultures, except for cognitive-behavioral competence in the Dutch sample. A buffering effect of the PYD factors is observed in the maltreatment-depression relationship in Dutch, but not in Hong Kong students. Only behavioral competence buffers against suicidal ideation in Dutch students, while other PYD factors show no buffering effect in both groups of participants.

Conclusion
The differences in relationships between two samples highlights the need to consider cultural differences.
Microstructural strength of tidal soils – a rheometric approach to develop pedotransfer functions
Authors: Stoppe Nina , Horn Rainer 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Differences in soil stability, especially in visually comparable soils can occur due to microstructural processes and interactions. By investigating these microstructural processes with rheological investigations, it is possible to achieve a better understanding of soil behaviour from the mesoscale (soil aggregates) to macroscale (bulk soil). In this paper, a rheological investigation of the factors influencing microstructural stability of riparian soils was conducted. Homogenized samples of Marshland soils from the riparian zone of the Elbe River (North Germany) were analyzed with amplitude sweeps (AS) under controlled shear deformation in a modular compact rheometer MCR 300 (Anton Paar, Germany) at different matric potentials. A range physicochemical parameters were determined (texture, pH, organic matter, CaCO3 etc.) and these factors were used to parameterize pedotransfer functions. The results indicate a clear dependence of microstructural elasticity on texture and water content. Although the influence of individual physicochemical factors varies depending on texture, the relevant features were identified taking combined effects into account. Thus, stabilizing factors are: organic matter, calcium ions, CaCO3 and pedogenic iron oxides; whereas sodium ions and water content represent structurally unfavorable factors. Based on the determined statistical relationships between rheological and physicochemical parameters, pedotransfer functions (PTF) have been developed.
Design Considerations for Gan-Based Microinverter for Energy Storage Integration Into Ac Grid
Authors: Kroics K. , Zakis J. , Suzdalenko A. , Husev O. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A full bridge converter with electrolytic capacitor on the dc bus is a widely used approach for a single phase interface for renewable energy source generation or energy storage integration in the utility grid. New wide bandgap devices enable higher switching frequency, higher efficiency and higher power density. In the paper, the authors introduce the challenges associated with an increase in switching frequency of a single phase inverter and implementation of wide bandgap GaN-based transistors instead of traditional Si-based transistors. The low gate threshold voltage of GaN transistor and unique reverse conduction behaviour require different driving circuit. The design of the driver circuit and other practical issues are analysed in the paper. The paper also presents some practical results. The research results can be useful to avoid mistakes by designing GaN-based power converters as these devices become increasingly interesting for commercial applications.
Optimization of Nano-Grating Pitch Evaluation Method Based on Line Edge Roughness Analysis
Authors: Chen Jie , Liu Jie , Wang Xingrui , Zhang Longfei , Deng Xiao , Cheng Xinbin , Li Tongbao 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Pitch uncertainty and line edge roughness are among the critical quality attributes of a pitch standard and normally the analyses of these two parameters are separate. The analysis of self-traceable Cr atom lithography nano-gratings shows a positive relevance and sensitivity between LER and evaluated standard deviation of pitch. Therefore, LER can be used as an aided pre-evaluation parameter for the pitch calculation method, such as the gravity center method or the zero-crossing points method. The optimization of the nano-grating evaluation method helps to obtain the accurate pitch value with fewer measurements and provide a comprehensive characterization of pitch standards.
The Enhancement of 3D Scans Depth Resolution Obtained by Confocal Scanning of Porous Materials
Authors: Martisek Dalibor , Prochazkova Jana 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The 3D reconstruction of simple structured materials using a confocal microscope is widely used in many different areas including civil engineering. Nonetheless, scans of porous materials such as concrete or cement paste are highly problematic. The well-known problem of these scans is low depth resolution in comparison to the horizontal and vertical resolution. The degradation of the image depth resolution is caused by systematic errors and especially by different random events. Our method is focused on the elimination of such random events, mainly the additive noise. We use an averaging method based on the Lindeberg-Lévy theorem that improves the final depth resolution to a level comparable with horizontal and vertical resolution. Moreover, using the least square method, we also precisely determine the limit value of a depth resolution. Therefore, we can continuously evaluate the difference between current resolution and the optimal one. This substantially simplifies the scanning process because the operator can easily determine the required number of scans.
Leopoldina fördert die neurowissenschaftliche Kooperation auf internationaler Ebene
Authors: Nissen Jan , Narmann Ruth , Clausing Andreas 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina engagiert sich auch im Bereich der Neurowissenschaften. Insbesondere im internationalen Austausch ist dieses Fachgebiet ein gefragtes Themenfeld: Beispiele hierfür sind die regelmäßig durchgeführten bilateralen Symposien mit israelischen und indischen Partnern, die unter der gemeinsamen wissenschaftlichen Federführung von Mitgliedern der Leopoldina und der jeweiligen Partnerakademie entstehen und die im Folgenden kurz vorgestellt werden. Außerdem unterstützt die Leopoldina junge Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler bei ihrem weiteren Werdegang mit einem eigenen Stipendienprogramm, mit dem auch immer wieder Neurowissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftler gefördert werden.
Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance via Co-sensitization of Ruthenium (II)-Based Complex Sensitizers with Metal-Free Indoline Dye in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Sahu Swati , Patel Mohan , Verma Anil Kumar , Singh Surya Prakash , Tiwari Sanjay 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCo-sensitization is shown to be an effective method to improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells wherein ruthenium (ii)-based complex sensitizers (N749, N719) is co-sensitized with the metal-free indoline dye (D149), where photovoltaic efficiency of 5.40% is achieved by co-sensitized N749+D149 and efficiency of 4.94% is achieved by co-sensitized N719+D149. The assembled dye-sensitized solar cells were studied by UVvis absorption measurements of dye solutions, the absorption spectra of the dye-sensitized TiO