bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHA2DS2‐VASc score and adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and sinus rhythm
Authors: Ye Siqin , Qian Min , Zhao Bo , Buchsbaum Richard , Sacco Ralph L. , Levin Bruce , Di Tullio Marco R. , Mann Douglas L. , Pullicino Patrick M. , Freudenberger Ronald S. , Teerlink John R. , Mohr J.P. , Graham Susan , Labovitz Arthur J. , Estol Conrado J. , Lok Dirk J. , Ponikowski Piotr , Anker Stefan D. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Thompson John L.P. , Homma Shunichi ,   on behalf of the WARCEF Investigators
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine whether the CHA2DS2‐VASc score can predict adverse outcomes such as death, ischaemic stroke, and major haemorrhage, in patients with systolic heart failure in sinus rhythm.Methods and resultsCHA2DS2‐VASc scores were calculated for 1101 patients randomized to warfarin and 1123 patients randomized to aspirin. Adverse outcomes were defined as death or ischaemic stroke, death alone, ischaemic stroke alone, and major haemorrhage. Using proportional hazards models, we found that each 1‐point increase in the CHA2DS2‐VASc score was associated with increased hazard of death or ischaemic stroke events [hazard ratio (HR) for the warfarin arm = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.30, P < 0.001; for aspirin, HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.11–1.29, P < 0.001]. Similar increased hazards for higher CHA2DS2‐VASc scores were observed for death alone, ischaemic stroke alone, and major haemorrhage. Overall performance of the CHA2DS2‐VASc score was assessed using c‐statistics for full models containing the risk score, treatment assignment, and score–treatment interaction, with the c‐statistics for the full models ranging from 0.57 for death to 0.68 for major haemorrhage.ConclusionsThe CHA2DS2‐VASc score predicted adverse outcomes in patients with systolic heart failure in sinus rhythm, with modest prediction accuracy.
Profiling substrate specificity of Lecitase Ultra to different kinds of phospholipids using monolayer technology
Authors: Wang Fanghua , Zhang Hui , Liu Yanhua , Khan Faez Iqbal , Yang Bo , Wang Yonghua 
Published: July 2016

Substrate specificity is a crucial parameter while characterizing an enzyme, which is directly related to the potential of its application. The commercial Lecitase Ultra has been widely used in the oil degumming process to specifically hydrolyze the phospholipids present in the crude oil, but its specificity for various phospholipids still remains elusive. In the present study, selectivity of Lecitase Ultra to different kinds of phospholipids was characterized under different surface pressure condition by using monolayer technology. Hydrolytic activity of Lecitase Ultra on various phospholipids was highly dependent on the surface pressure of monolayer film. Under the same surface pressure of 25 mN m−1 applied on the liquid condensed state of all the phospholipids’ monolayer films, the preference order of Lecitase Ultra to different monomolecular phospholipid film was PE > CL > PS > PI > PC. No hydrolytic activity was observed for sphingomyelin within the range of surface pressure tested. The present study provides basic information on the order of selective preference of Lecitase Ultra for various phospholipids which was not known previously, and provides additional information for better utilization of this enzyme in the oil industry.Practical applications: To the best of our knowledge, we have reported the application of monolayer technology to study the substrate selectivity of Lecitase Ultra to various natural phospholipids. This study contributes directly to applications of this enzyme in industries. Further, we try to prove that monolayer technology is very effective and simple for evaluating the enzymatic activity to some natural substrates, and should make greater contribution in the interfacial enzyme engineering field.Characterization on interfacial catalytic properties of Lecitase Ultra to different kinds of phospholipids using monolayer technique.
New bio‐based epoxy materials and foams from microalgal oil
Authors: Negrell Claire , Cornille Adrien , de Andrade Nascimento Patricia , Robin Jean‐Jacques , Caillol Sylvain 
Published: July 2016

Microalgae are a potential source of renewable energy but could also interesting lead to a platform for oleochemicals. Hence, the oil obtained from Schizochytrium microalgae, with a high content in unsaturations, was dedicated to the synthesis of polymer materials. After the determination of its structure, algal oil was epoxidized in presence of exchange cation resin to reach a high functionality of ten epoxy functions per molecule. Then, fully bio‐based epoxy networks were synthesized with priamine® (oleic acid dimer‐derived amine) as hardener. These new algal epoxy materials were characterized and compared with vegetable oils derived epoxy networks (linseed or soybean oils). Epoxy co‐monomers were added to the formulation in order to improve the material properties. We added both trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, a classical crosslinking agent, and triepoxided phloroglucinol, derived from algal phlorotannins. The addition epoxy co‐monomers allowed to obtain materials with various properties. The thermal and mechanical properties highlighted the interesting superiority of algal oils with their high content in reactive functions. Finally, the addition of a blowing agent (MH15 polysiloxane) led to the synthesis of algal oils derived foams with interesting properties. Thus, algal oil demonstrated interesting potential as a viable starting material for fully bio‐based thermosetting materials and foams.Practical applications: The main reactant described in this article, that is, epoxidized algal oil (EAO), provides bio‐based aliphatic building blocks for further epoxy foams syntheses by reaction with vegetable oil derived amines and another aromatic epoxy co‐monomer. The obtained epoxy materials and foams are bio‐based with various rigidities and high cross‐linking ratio. Materials may be used in electronics and electrical systems or for high‐performance adhesives. Foams may be applied as thermal and vibration isolation and for the production of lightweight materials or the transportation industry such as aircraft‐interior panels and crash pads. For the more flexible foams, medical applications could be considered.
Anodic Desorption Monitored by Voltammetric and Gravimetric Measurements for Fast Estimation of Surface Coverage of Complex Organic Molecules on Au Electrodes
Authors: Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. , Williams Rhodri , Plumeré Nicolas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA methodology for fast determination of surface coverage of molecules or nanostructures assembled in monolayers at the surface of gold electrodes has been developed. The approach is based on anodic oxidative desorption of the molecules which is controlled by synchronized electrochemical gravimetric and voltammetric measurements. Successive anodic scans induce degradation and oxidative desorption of the assembled molecules resulting in a decrease in electrode mass. The completion of desorption is accurately controlled by the charge associated with adsorption of hydroxyl and oxygen species at the bare gold surface. The proposed method can be used to (i) complement the classical approaches or (ii) to estimate the surface coverage for nanostructures whose adsorption requirements, such as long‐time assembling, ex‐situ chemical treatment and other ex‐situ or in‐situ multistage procedures, complicate utilization of common approaches. Adsorbed nanostructures composed of poly(amido) amine dendrimers terminated with thiol functionalized viologen head groups were used as the model objects to evaluate the proposed methodology.
Preparation, Characterization and Electrochemical Application of Graphene‐metallic Nanocomposites
Authors: Tepeli Yudum , Anik Ulku 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThree different Graphene‐Metallic (Graphene‐Me) nanocomposites – Graphene‐Silver (Graphene‐Ag), Graphene‐Gold (Graphene‐Au) and Graphene‐Platinum (Graphene‐Pt) nanocomposites – were prepared and characterized. The electrochemical performances of these nanocomposites were tested by incorporating them with glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE) and used them in biofuel cells (BFC) and as amperometric xanthine biosensor transducers. Present work contains the first application of Graphene‐Au and Graphene‐Ag nanocomposite in BFCs and also first application of these Graphene‐Me nanocomposites in xanthine biosensors. Considering BFC, power and current densities were calculated as 2.03 µW cm−2 and 167.46 µA cm−2 for the plain BFC, 3.39 µW cm−2 and 182.53 µA cm−2 for Graphene‐Ag, 4.43 µW cm−2 and 230.15 µA cm−2 for Grapehene‐Au and 6.23 µW cm−2 and 295.23 µA cm−2 for Graphene‐Pt nanocomposite included BFCs respectively. For the amperometric xanthine biosensor linear ranges were obtained in the concentration range between 5 µM and 50 µM with the RSD (n=3 for 30 µM xanthine) value of 4.28 % for plain xanthine biosensor, 3 µM and 50 µM with the RSD (n=3 for 30 µM xanthine) value of 9.37 % for Graphene‐Ag, 5 µM to 20 µM with the RSD (n=3 for 5 µM xanthine) value of 9.00 % and 30 µM to 70 µM with the RSD (n=3 for 30 µM xanthine) value of 8.80 % for Grapehene‐Au and 1 µM and 70 with the the RSD (n=3 for 30 µM xanthine) value of 2.59 % for Grapehene‐Pt based xanthine biosensors respectively.
Study on Electrolyte Stability and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Mechanisms in the Presence of Manganese Oxide Catalysts for Aprotic Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Fenske Daniela , Parisi Jürgen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe impact of different manganese oxide electrocatalysts on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in aprotic media was investigated. In the absence of a catalyst on pure carbon powder, the ORR was found to proceed partially by O2 dissociation before reduction. The O adatoms generated during this process have been reported previously to promote the decomposition of aprotic electrolytes. The extent to which this mechanism takes place depends strongly on the potential scan rate applied during the cyclic voltammetry measurements. The presence of manganese oxides has different effects on the reaction mechanism: whereas Mn3O4 and Mn5O8 nanoparticles promote chemical O2 dissociation, mesoporous α‐Mn2O3 particles suppress this mechanism in favor of the direct reduction of O2, thus forming the desired final product Li2O2. These results lead to a better understanding of the morphological and structural properties, which ideal catalysts for an application in aprotic Li–air batteries should exhibit.
Dynamic PSS and commercial networks spectrum sharing in the time domain
Authors: Bartoli Giulio , Fantacci Romano , Gei Francesco , Marabissi Dania , Micciullo Luigia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt is widely recognised that the possibility for public safety and security (PSS) operators of using a wide range of data‐centric services improves their coordination and responses to emergency. Therefore, there is great consensus in the evolution of existing PSS mobile communication systems towards broadband, with the exploitation of long‐term evolution technology, commonly used in commercial networks. Having a unique technology allows synergies between commercial and PSS worlds; in particular, we are interested in an efficient spectrum sharing between the two networks. Indeed, a portion of spectrum dedicated to PSS, large enough to satisfy emergency situations, may result unused most of the time, with a consequent waste of precious resources. We propose a spectrum sharing policy based on dynamic subframe allocation. Differently from previous approaches, we consider some resource portions exclusively dedicated to one of the two networks and other portions simultaneously accessed. Therefore, the goal of the proposed scheme is to find suitable resource partitioning and users allocation. Users are allocated depending on the level of received interference, with the aim of a fair behaviour in different portions of the frame. Moreover, the algorithm takes into account different priorities that can be given to the two systems depending on the operative scenario. Effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed scheme are proven by a comparison with other benchmark methods and with the optimal solution of the resource partitioning problem, in terms of unsatisfied data rate requests. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The bendamustine plus rituximab regimen is active against primary nodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Laribi Kamel , Tempescul Adrien , Ghnaya Habib , Denizon Nathalie , Besançon Anne , Anghel Andreea , Farhi Jonathan , Truong Catherine , Lemaire Pierre , Poulain Stephanie , Bolle Delphine , Ianotto Jean Christophe , Baugier de Materre Alix 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPrimary nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) is a rare disease. There is no current consensus on how to treat it. The bendamustine plus rituximab (BR) regimen is effective for the treatment of follicular and other indolent lymphomas, but its efficacy in NMZL is not known. We analyzed the outcome of 14 patients diagnosed with NMZL (median age 67 years) who were treated with 375 mg/m2 of rituximab on day 1 and 90 mg/m2 of bendamustine on days 1 and 2. The overall and complete response rates were 93% and 71%, respectively. Major toxicity (grade 3/4 neutropenia) occurred in 5% of treatment courses. After a median follow‐up of 22 months (range: 18‐55), the overall survival and the free survival rates were 100% and 93%, respectively. None of the patients showing a complete or partial response developed secondary myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia. Bendamustine plus rituximab was found to be an active and well‐tolerated regimen leading to the rapid control of disease.
The C. elegans model in toxicity testing
Authors: Hunt Piper Reid 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans is a small nematode that can be maintained at low cost and handled using standard in vitro techniques. Unlike toxicity testing using cell cultures, C. elegans toxicity assays provide data from a whole animal with intact and metabolically active digestive, reproductive, endocrine, sensory and neuromuscular systems. Toxicity ranking screens in C. elegans have repeatedly been shown to be as predictive of rat LD50 ranking as mouse LD50 ranking. Additionally, many instances of conservation of mode of toxic action have been noted between C. elegans and mammals. These consistent correlations make the case for inclusion of C. elegans assays in early safety testing and as one component in tiered or integrated toxicity testing strategies, but do not indicate that nematodes alone can replace data from mammals for hazard evaluation. As with cell cultures, good C. elegans culture practice (GCeCP) is essential for reliable results. This article reviews C. elegans use in various toxicity assays, the C. elegans model's strengths and limitations for use in predictive toxicology, and GCeCP. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Journal of Applied Toxicology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Injectable and biodegradable composite bone filler composed of poly(propylene fumarate) and calcium phosphate ceramic for vertebral augmentation procedure: An in vivo porcine study
Authors: Wu Chang‐Chin , Hsu Li‐Ho , Sumi Shoichiro , Yang Kai‐Chiang , Yang Shu‐Hua 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDespite its common usage in vertebral augmentation procedures (VAPs), shortcomings of commercial polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) still remain. Accordingly, injectable and biodegradable composite cements, which are composed of poly(propylene fumarate)/α‐tricalcium/hydroxyapatite (PPF/α‐TCP/HAP) and PPF/tetracalcium phosphate/dicalcium phosphate (PPF/TtCP/DCP), were developed. A porcine model was used and cylindrical holes in critical size were created at the center of the lateral cortex of vertebral bodies of the lumbar spine. A fixed volume of testing materials and PMMA were randomly injected into the defects. Results showed that both composite groups had a comparable radiolucency as PMMA but a significantly lower setting temperature. Histological inspections revealed new bone formation and remodeling along the border of the two composite cements. New bone substitution and irregular sclerotic bone mantles were found along the composite cements but not in the PMMA group. Radiological and histological changes were observed in the two composite groups and these modifications were diminished along the block boundaries. These findings imply gradual substitution of decomposed composite by new bone formation, which could not be found around the PMMA block. Comparing PPF/α‐TCP/HAP with the PPF/TtCP/DCP cement block, smaller particles that were spreading out were observed in the TtCP/DCP group, which represents rapid degradability. In conclusion, the composite cements have advantages such as a low setting temperature, radio‐opacity, biodegradability, and osteoconductivity. The injectable PPF/calcium phosphate ceramic composite has the potential to be used in VAPs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2232–2243, 2017.
Insights into the influence of additives on the thermal gradient induced migration of lubricant
Authors: Dai Qingwen , Huang Wei , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThermo‐capillary migration is a phenomenon that the thermal gradients will drive a liquid to flow from warm to cold regions. It is of great importance to prevent the lubricant migration on rubbing surfaces in the cases where the amount of lubricant is limited. In this paper, four different lubricant additives are incorporated into one base oil, and the effects of additives on the migration behaviour and surface tension coefficient are investigated. The functional mechanisms of additives are discussed. The experimental results demonstrate that the additives have remarkable influences on the migration performance of lubricant. The migration behaviour shows the relation to not only the surface tension coefficient, but also the actions between the additive and substrate. This should be considered in the designing process of an anti‐migration lubricant. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensor‐controlled bainitic transformation and microstructure formation of forgings during the cooling process
Authors: Bruchwald O. , Frąckowiak W. , Reimche W. , Maier H. J. 
Published: July 2016

Bainitic steels are increasingly employed for manufacturing high‐performance forged components because they provide several advantages over martensitically hardened and tempered steels and can obtain their desired microstructure directly from the forging heat. However, especially during the heat treatment from the forging heat, many process parameters influence the microstructure formation in the component's surface and core regions, so that reliable predictions about the transformations using continuous cooling transformation diagrams and computational simulations are challenging.Within the framework of the project “EcoForge” a measuring system was developed, that non‐destructively monitors the materials transformation as well as the phase and microstructure formation in situ during cooling from the austenite. The onset of the transformation, the current transformation level and the end of the transformation is reliably detected, so that process times can be optimised. Using characteristic signal profiles it is also possible to differentiate and classify the formation of microstructures, e.g. bainite and martensite, to regulate the cooling parameters and specifically set the component's properties. Owing to its robustness and the potential for evaluating the measured signal profiles online in real time, the testing system is also suitable for online‐quality control in industrial forging and heat treatment lines.
College students' performance in an introductory atmospheric science course: associations with spatial ability
Authors: Yoon So Yoon , Min Ki‐Hong 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductory science courses for non‐majors, taught in large lecture settings (>100 students) at public universities in the United States, face tough problems in matching the interests of the students who range from first‐year undergraduates to students in the final year with majors as diverse as liberal arts and engineering. To investigate the learning of atmospheric science by college students from various backgrounds, this study attempted to explore how the dynamics of students' learning varied by spatial ability, as defined by skills tested in a mental rotation test, gender and major (science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) vs. non‐STEM), because the literature provides evidence of the importance of spatial ability in student achievement in science courses. Statistically significant correlations existed between spatial ability, perceived ability to use weather and climate information, overall content knowledge of atmospheric science, and final course grades. Although there were no gender or academic major dependencies in the final course grades, STEM majors performed better in a content knowledge survey. However, non‐STEM majors showed greater improvement overall.
Vertical structure of summer clear‐sky atmospheric boundary layer over the hinterland and southern margin of Taklamakan Desert
Authors: Wang Min Zhong , Lu Hui , Ming Hu , Zhang Jiantao 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration carried out a scientific experiment to detect the clear‐sky atmospheric boundary layer by using a wind‐profiling radar and L‐band radar sounding system in the hinterland and southern margin of the Taklamakan Desert in the summer of 2010 and 2011. Based on wind profile and radiosonde data collected from this experiment, this paper analyses the vertical structure features of the clear‐sky daytime convective boundary layer and night‐time stable boundary layer in the hinterland and southern margin of the desert, and compared the result with the boundary layer features in the Tibetan Plateau and the Dunhuang region in Gansu. The results show that: (1) the summer clear‐sky convective boundary layers in the hinterland and southern margin of the Taklamakan Desert can develop thickly. The mixing layer can reach a maxiumum thickness of 3700 m, above which a significant entrainment layer exists with average thickness about 500 m. The maximum thickness of the convective boundary layer can exceed 4000 m. (2) A temperature inversion phenomenon is found to exist remarkably over the summer clear‐sky nights in the hinterland and southern margin of the desert. The thickness of the night stable boundary layer is about 400–600 m, but the residual layer above it generally can reach a thickness of more than 3000 m. (3) An atmospheric boundary layer with supernormal thickness under the clear summer sky is a phenomenon of arid regions in Northwest China.