bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen and Helium Detection for Drilling a Lower-Cost Well
Authors: Keller Rachael J. , Rowe Mathew D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Hydrogen and helium detection can benefit drilling operations when combined with methane-through-pentane gas chromatography. The addition of hydrogen and helium analysis to surface detection can lead to lower-cost wells and possibly increased production.
In the oil industry, hydrogen has five sources, three of which are geological and two are manmade. The geological sources are basement rock, fractures, and liquid hydrocarbons, and the manmade sources are drill bit metamorphism (DBM) and mud motor failure. Helium has two geological sources—basement rock and faults. When hydrogen and helium detection are combined with gas chromatography, the source of the hydrogen and helium increases can be determined.
During geological analysis, hydrogen and helium spikes, where helium is present in much higher concentrations, without the presence of ethane, are indicative that a fault has been encountered. Porosity and/or permeability increases indicate a sustained increase in hydrogen and helium with an increase in methane. When liquid hydrocarbons are present, increased hydrogen concentrations with methane are detected, and the increase in hydrogen relative to helium is significant. Where drilling applications result in DBM and mud motor failure, hydrogen increases without a corresponding increase in methane or helium. Ethane and propane concentrations also increase with hydrogen during these events. Using this knowledge, changes in reservoir properties can be determined without relying on costly downhole tools while drilling. In addition, this information can be used in extended reach wells to identify faults and help geosteer the well. From a drilling perspective, such information provides confidence regarding identification of mud motor failure and bit drilling efficiently to help prevent costly bit trips.
Hydrogen and helium detection provides a low-cost alternative to costly downhole tools for providing real-time detection of faults, drilling inefficiencies, and relative porosity and permeability. This technology also provides a low-cost solution for well placement.
Development of an Empirical Equation to Predict Hydraulic Fracture Closure Pressure from the Initial Shut-in Pressure after Treatment
Authors: Kholy S. M. , Mohamed I. M. , Loloi M.. , Abou-Sayed O.. , Abou-Sayed A.. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
During hydraulic fracturing operations, conventional pressure fall-off analyses (G-Function, Square Root of Time, and Diagnostic Plots) are the main methods for predicting fracture closure pressure. However, there are situations when it is not practical to determine the fracture closure pressure using these analyses. These conditions occur when closure time is long, such as in mini-frac tests in very tight formations, or waste fluid injection in reservoirs where there is low native permeability or where there is significant near wellbore damage. In these situations, it can take several days for the shut-in pressure to stabilize enough for conventional pressure fall-off tests analyses to be used. Thus, the objective of the present study is to attempt to correlate the fracture closure pressure to the early time fall off data using the field-measured Initial Shut-in Pressure (ISIP), rock properties and pumped / injection volumes.
A study of the injection pressure history of many injection wells with multiple hydraulic fractures in a variety of rock lithologies shows an interesting relationship between the fracture closure pressure and the initial shut-in pressure. An empirical equation has been created to calculate the fracture closure pressure as a function of the instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP) and the injection formation rock properties. Such rock properties include formation permeability, formation porosity, reservoir pressure, overburden pressure, Poisson's ratio, and Young's modulus. An empirical equation was developed using the injected volumes combined with data obtained from geomechancial models and core analysis of a wide range of injection horizons in terms of lithology type: Sandstone, Carbonate, and Shale.
The empirical equation was validated using different case studies by comparing the predicted fracture closure pressure calculated using the developed empirical equation to the measured fracture closure pressure value. The reported correlation predicted the fracture closure pressure with a relative error of less than 6%. Also, the empirical equation was used to predict the fracture closure pressure in a shale formation with less than 3% error.
The new empirical equation predicts the fracture closure pressure using a single point of falloff pressure data, the ISIP, without the need to conduct a conventional fracture closure analysis. This allows the operator to avoid having to collect pressure data between shut-in and until the actual fracture closure point which can take several days in highly damaged, very tight, and/or shale formations. Moreover, in operations with multiple batch injection events into the same interval / perforations, as is often found cuttings / slurry injection operations, the trends in closure pressure evolution can be tracked even if the fracture is never allowed to close.
A Unified and Integrated Approach for Reservoir and Fluid Characterization Using Minimal Production and Well Data for the Mississippian Meramec Interval Within the STACK Play of Oklahoma
Authors: Cronk B. R. , Gogri M. P. , Ortiz J. E. , Kalra S.. , Cullen A.. , Pranter M. J. , Reza Z. A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The Mississippian-age Meramec Series is one of the primary producing intervals of the Sooner Trend in the Anadarko Basin of Canadian and Kingfisher (STACK) counties, Oklahoma and is currently among the most sought-after hydrocarbon plays in the US. It is a low permeability and low porosity play; therefore, understanding reservoir limits, fluid characterization, and petrophysical characterization are critical to development planning of these reservoirs.
In this study, we establish an integrated workflow for multi-component fluid characterization, stimulation-region limits and hydraulic-fracture-dimension estimation, and apply the workflow to a study area of the Meramec interval in the STACK play of Oklahoma. First, rate transient analysis (RTA) is used to characterize porosity, permeability, fracture dimensions and drainage areas. Subsequently, an Equation-of-State (EOS) model is established for the study area spanning the liquids-rich zone to high Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR) region. The EOS model is refined via compositional reservoir simulation by matching initial producing GORs field-wide and imposing compositional variations that would be observed due to thermal maturity. Reservoir parameters are then refined using the enhanced fluid model, and the integrated workflow is repeated until convergence.
This approach has yielded an initial integrated fluid and petrophysical characterization and completion evaluation across an area of 1,000 mi2 within the STACK play. We have used production data from 2014 to 2017 for 20 wells in this area. A 15-component EOS model with 4 plus-fraction components is calibrated for the study area. Compositional gradients for methane and the first plus-fraction component are found to be 0.082 and 0.037 mole-fraction per 1,000 ft, respectively. Initial pressure gradient ranged within 0.42-0.65 psi/ft. GOR varied from 0.8 MSCF/STB in the liquids-rich zone to 1,500 MSCF/STB in gas zone. Formation volume factors of oil vary between 1.35-6.50 RB/STB. With regards to stimulated-region characterization, fracture half-length, fracture height, and drainage area ranged from 540-900 ft, 200-300 ft, and 315-505 acres, respectively. Integration of the various data allows for representative in-place volume estimates, as well as aiding in planning of optimal development and completion strategies.
A New, Slickline Accessible Artificial Lift Technology to Optimize the Production Strategy in the Permian Basin
Authors: Wilkes Greg , Kimery Dave , Saponja Jeff , Jensen Camille 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Plunger lift is a popular low operating and capital cost lift method for high gas-liquid ratio (GLR) wells that cannot unload naturally, particularly in deep, liquids-rich gas, horizontal plays common today. Plunger lift is challenged by lengthy plunger travel time, greatly increased GLR requirements, and liquid loading effects in the build section of the well.
This paper explores the implementation of an artificial lift technology designed to enhance the performance of artificial lifts systems and for cost-effective artificial lift transitions over the life of a well. It will extrapolate upon the challenges associated with developing a total life-cycle artificial lift strategy for today's unconventional plays in the Permian Basin.
Discussion begins with an overview of the theoretical challenges of designing a life cycle artificial lift strategy with a conventional system in the face of sluggy flow and high decline rates from the horizontal. The paper then proposes an artificial lift approach to suit this challenge.
The paper then presents an overview of plunger lift optimization challenges experienced in horizontal well production strategy from frac-flowback to abandonment. It explores the characteristics unique to plunger lift and demonstrates the connection between slug flow mitigation and improved plunger lift efficiency. The result is a discussion of a new, slickline swappable, artificial lift technology for plunger lift systems that mitigates slug flow, thereby enabling efficient plunger lifting at considerably lower GLRs, through the life of the well.
Case studies and field trials in the Permian field illustrate implementation and results of the artificial lift technology to cost effectively transition from natural flow to plunger lift and on to rod pumping, with optionality to provide low cost and safe frac-hit protection from offsetting wells. Results demonstrate production increases with reduced CAPEX and OPEX.
PARADIGMA PEMIKIRAN TAWASSUL DAN TABARRUK SAYYID AHMAD BIN ZAINI DAHLAN DITENGAH MAYORITAS TEOLOGI MADZHAB WAHABY
Authors: Farih Amin 
Published: August 2017

According to Sayyid Ahmad ibn Zaini Dahlan that the essence of Tawassul is part of the method of praying, and part of the methodology turn towards Allah swt, tawassul no meaning to humans or creatures ask when praying. But the essence of tawassul goal is to ask Allah swt. Tawassul not act or something ḍarūri/must be implemented so that no tawassul then his prayers are not accepted, but tawassul is as a medium, the method pray to Allah SWT. No one was Muslims who reject the validity tawassul with deeds. Whoever fasts, prayer, reading the Qur'an or charity means he has tawassul with fasting, prayers, readings, and donations. While the Tabarruk is part of the model tawassul to Allah SWT through atsar of mutabarrak (people taken his blessing) is considered to have the blessing because the mutabarrak to Allah SWT and because mutabarrak loved by Allah SWT like the prophets and servants who are pious. So the essence of tabarruk goal is to ask Allah SWT through his beloved servant. As tabarruk with shaleh people so because they believe in the primacy and closeness to Allah SWT to continue to believe their inability to give the goodness or badness refused except by permission of Allah SWT.Menurut Sayyid Ahmad bin Zaini Dahlan bahwa hakekat tawassul adalah bagian dari metode berdoa, dan bagian dari metodologi menghadap kepada Allah swt, tawassul tidak mempunyai arti meminta kepada manusia atau makhluk ketika berdoa. Namun hakekat tujuan dari tawassul adalah memohon kepada Allah swt. Tawassul tidaklah perbuatan atau sesuatu yang ḍarūri/wajib dilaksanakan sehingga kalau tidak tawassul maka doanya tidak diterima, namun tawassul adalah sebagai media, metode berdoa kepada Allah SWT. Tidak ada seorang pun kaum muslimin yang menolak keabsahan tawassul dengan amal shalih. Barangsiapa yang berpuasa, sholat, membaca Al-Qur'an atau bersedekah berarti ia telah bertawassul dengan puasa, sholat, bacaan, dan sedekahnya. Sedang Tabarruk adalah bagian dari model tawassul kepada Allah SWT melalui atsar dari mutabarrak (orang yang dialap berkahnya) dianggap memiliki keberkahan karena ke­dekatan mutabarrak kepada Allah SWT dan karena mutabarrak dicintai oleh Allah SWT seperti para Nabi dan Hamba-hamba yang sholeh. Maka hakekat tujuan dari tabarruk adalah memohon kepada Allah SWT lewat hamba yang dicintaiNYA. Adapun tabarruk dengan orang-orang maka karena meyakini keutamaan dan kedekatan mereka kepada Allah dengan tetap meyakini ketidakmampuan mereka memberi kebaikan atau menolak keburukan kecuali atas izin Allah SWT.
KRITIK ATAS CORAK PEMIKIRAN TEOLOGI ISLAM KH. SIRADJUDDIN ABAS
Authors: Baharudin M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract: The article aims to elaborate patterns of theological thought of KH Siradjuddin Abbas (1905-1980). In the midst of mainstream theological schools established in the Islamic world: traditionalists (Sunni) and rationalists (Mu'tazila), Abbas turns out consistently defend traditional theology. In theological thinking, Abbas positioned parallel to al-Ash'arite classical theology (Ahl al-Sunnah wa ’l-Jamā’ah). He stressed all a round of God, revelation paced and use the reason is very little. He put God as absolute ruler, do as His Will. Therefore, theology of Siradjuddin Abbas is very strong hold on revelation and theocentric pattern, and everything begins and centered on God, good or bad all determined by God. Thus theology Siradjuddin Abbas less in line with modern thinking, which is progressive and forward the reason. In other words, theology of Siradjuddin Abbas less actual and contextual for the purposes of contemporary social reality if that expected from such thinking is an applicative conceptual thinking.Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan mengelaborasi corak pemikiran teologi K.H. Siradjuddin Abbas (1905-1980). Di tengah mainstream aliran teologi yang sudah mapan di dunia Islam: tradisionalis (Sunni) dan rasionalis (Mu’tazilah), Abbas ternyata konsisten membela teologi tradisional. Dalam pemikiran teologinya, Siradjuddin Abbas sejalan dengan pemikiran teologi klasik al-Asy’ariyah (Ahl al-Sunnah wa ’l-Jamā’ah). Ia menekankan segala suatu serba Tuhan, serba wahyu dan sangat sedikit menggunakan akal pikiran. Ia menempatkan Tuhan sebagai berkuasa mutlak semutlak-mutlaknya, berbuat sehendak-Nya. Karena itu, teologi Siradjuddin Abbas sangat kuat berpegang pada wahyu dan bercorak teosentris, dan segalanya bermula dan memusat pada Tuhan, baik atau buruk semua ditentukan oleh Tuhan. Dengan demikian teologi Siradjuddin Abbas yang ber­corak tradisional ini kurang sejalan dengan pemikiran modern, yang bersifat progresif dan lebih mengedepankan akal. Dengan kata lain, teologi Siradjuddin Abbas yang bercorak tradisional kurang aktual dan kontekstual untuk keperluan realitas sosial kontemporer jika yang diharapkan dari pemikiran tersebut adalah sebuah pemikiran yang bersifat konseptual aplikatif.
GERAKAN PEMIKIRAN DAN PERAN TIGA ULAMA NU (K.H. HASYIM ASY’ARI, K.H.R. ASNAWI KUDUS, K. H. WAHHAB HASBULLAH) DALAM MENEGAKKAN AHL Al-SUNNAH WAL-JAMA’AH ANNAHDLIYAH DI JAWA TAHUN 1926 – 1971
Authors: Solikhin Mat 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe role of the ulama founder of Nahdlatul Ulama with the historical development of NU is closely, like currency side. The pattern of the development of the mind with the organization cannot be removed from the thinking of the founding. K.H. Hasyim Ash'ari, K.H. Abdul Wahhab Hasbullah and K.H.R. Asnawi Kudus is three great figures that have a very important role in upholding the teachings and values of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah in Java through both pesantren, ideas and the books written by them. This research aims to know the role of the leaders of the third phase of the development of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah in Java and movements done by the three prominent figures in upholding the values of Ahl al Sunnah wa al- Jama’ah.Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah what is meant here is in the context of the NU s, where Ahl al- Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah be owned claims NU. Since it was established in 1926. The existence of the Hijaz Committee initiated by the K.H. Abdul Wahhab Hasbullah does not remove from several factors, one factor among others: international factors, religious ideologies and nationalities. With the formation of the Committee of the Hijaz was born Jam’iyah Nahdlatul Ulama as container and vehicle to preserve the values of Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama’ah al-Nahdliyah. The values of the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah spread through boarding schools and books of the yellow and the results of the third ideas community.
IDEOLOGI, KEYAKINAN, DOKTRIN DAN BID’AH KHAWARIJ: Kajian Teologi Khawarij Zaman Modern
Authors: Sukring Sukring 
Published: August 2017

Islam is a religion of balance and moderation, Muslim are supposedly the people of the middle or the neutral people. But in fact, this word means not to be excessive (moderate). Its modesty appears in doctrine and morals. That is the main characteristic of Islam. Those who are far away from moderation have indeed moved away from the spirit of Islam. Throughout ages there have been always extreme groups. Consequently, they will be shunned by people, although they outwardly practice good deeds and are devout. In this case, the most obviously extreme group was the Khawarij. Killing Muslims deemed valid by the Khawarij. Even today Khawarij still uses the name of Islam and raised slogans to establish a divine order. However, all of their actions and steps actually violate the teachings of Islam. Khawarij passed through indelible traces in the history. Nevertheless, Nowadays, there are groups showing up again in the world and in the new paradigm of Khawarij by murder,rebellion in a legitimate government, and terrorism. The scholars indicate they are modern Khawarij.Islam adalah agama seimbang dan moderat, sebagai umat pertengahan, perantara, atau bangsa yang netral. Namun faktanya, kata ini bermakna tidak berlebih-lebihan (moderat). Kesederhanannya tampak dalam doktrin dan akhlak. Itulah ciri utama dari Islam. Mereka yang menjauhkan diri dari sikap moderat telah menjauh dari semangat Islam yang sebernarnya. Sepanjang zaman akan selalu muncu kelompok-kelompok yang berhaluan ekstrim. Sebagai konsekwensi, mereka akan dijauhi umat, meski secara lahiriah me­nampilkan amalan Islam dan taat dalam beragama. Dalam hal ini kelompok yang paling kentara adalah Khawarij. Membunuh orang Muslim dianggap sah oleh Khawarij. Bahkan hari ini Khawarij menggunakan nama Islam dan mengangkat slogan-slogan untuk membangun tatanan Ilahi. Akan tetapi, semua tindakan dan langkah mereka sejatinya merupakan pelanggaran terhadap ajaran Islam. Ketika para pendukung Khawarij tidak memiliki dalil yang sah untuk tindakan mereka. Aliran Khawarij telah berlalu dengan jejak yang tak terhapuskan dalam sejarah. Namun dalam perkembangan zaman, kelompok ini mulai kembali dalam pentas dunia, dalam paradigma baru dengan melakukan pembunuhan, pem­berontakan pada pemerintah yang sah, dan terorisme. Para ulama meng­indikasikan mereka adalah kelompok Khawarij zaman modern
A comunicação do MST:
Authors: Barbosa Alexandre 
Published: August 2017

Este artigo mostra como o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) estruturou a comunicação com o objetivo não só de informar a base, mas também de contribuir para sua formação política e ideológica. Pode-se afirmar que os veículos de comunicação, do jornal impresso ao muralismo, passando pela Internet, atuam como organizador coletivo e também como instrumento de formação. O texto é adaptado da tese de doutorado defendida na ECA-USP, em 2013 que analisou, a partir dos conceitos de Lenin, Gramsci e Mário Kaplún, os meios de comunicação deste movimento social.
O "jornalismo de guerra" na configuração da narrativa do noticiário em tempos de impeachment
Authors: Correia Eduardo Luiz 
Published: August 2017

No cenário atual de disputas políticas no Brasil, o termo "jornalismo de guerra" passou a ser utilizado para caracterizar certo tipo de cobertura da imprensa praticado por alguns veículos de referência. A proposta deste artigo é refletir sobre a pertinência do uso do termo diante de determinados acontecimentos, assim como analisar suas estratégias discursivas. Neste caso, por meio da análise da narrativa, a intenção é demonstrar como o jornal O Globo recorreu a esta modalidade de cobertura na narrativa do impeachment de Dilma Rousseff. Para tanto, foram analisadas as edições de março e abril de 2016, período preliminar à votação da aceitação da abertura do processo de impedimento da presidente. A hipótese é a de que o jornal, em momentos determinados, intensificou o noticiário negativamente contra o governo de então e seus aliados tendo a chamada Operação Lava-Jato como agente condutor da narrativa.
ENZIM AMILASE SEBAGAI KOMPONEN ANTAGONIS BACILLUS SUBTILIS B315 TERHADAP RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM KENTANG
Authors: Prihatiningsih Nur , Djatmiko Heru Adi 
Published: August 2017

Enzyme amylase as an antagonist component of Bacillus subtilis B315 against potato Ralstonia solanacearum. One of the antagonist mechanism of Bacillus subtilis B315 is that it produced secundary metabolites. Enzyme amylase is produced by B. subtilis B315 as a secondary metabolite. The aims of the research were: (1) to test mechanism of antagonistics by B. subtilis B315 against potato Ralstonia solanacearum and (2) to detect antibiosis activity of B. subtilis B315. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Protection Agriculture Faculty and Laboratory of Integrated Research of Jenderal Soedirman University from April to October 2014. The research method is an experimental with growing double layer of B. subtilis B315 in YPGA medium and Ralstonia solanacearum in water agar. This research used a Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments and 8 replications. The treatments were B. subtilis B1, B. subtilis B46 and B. subtilis B315. The activity of antibiosis was tested by amylase activity enzyme and than it was analyzed using FTIR (Fourier Transform-infra Red). Result of the research showed that B. subtilis B315 could suppress R. solanacearum growth with 14 mm inhibition zone. Antibiosis activity of B. subtilisB315 as biological agents was showed by the production of amylase enzyme by activity of 0,802 unit/ml. Analysis by FTIR was showed by the production of compound group of alkane, aldehyde, ketones, carboxylic acid, esther, amina, and amida.
Hans-Josef Niederehe, Die Sprachauffassung Alfons des Weisen. Studien zur Sprach- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Max Niemeyer, Tübingen, 1975; xii + 204 pp. (Beih. zur ZRPh, 144).
Authors: Lara Luis Fernando 
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Die Sprachauffassung Alfons des Weisen. Studien zur Sprach- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte.
Dorothy Sherman Severin, Memory in "La Celestina". Tamesis Books, London, 1970; x + 73 pp. / Adrienne Schizzano Mandel, "La Celestina" studies: A thematic survey and bibliography, 1824-1970. Scarecrow, Metuchen, N. J., 1971; 261 pp. / Fernando de Rojas, Celestine or the tragick-comedie of Calisto and Melibea. Trans. by James Mabbe. Ed. by Guadalupe Martínez Lacalle. Tamesis Books, London, 1972; xiii + 268 pp. / Gaspar Gómez de Toledo, Tercera parte de la Tragicomedia de Celestina. Critical ed., introd. and notes by M. E. Barrick. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1973; x + 597 pp. / Pierre Heugas, "La Célestine" et sa descendance directe. Inst. d'Études Ibériques et Ibero-Américaines de l'Université, Bordeaux, 1973; 612 pp.
Authors: Eisenberg Daniel 
Published: August 2017

Se reseñaron los libros: Memory in "La Celestina"; "La Celestina" studies: A thematic survey and bibliography, 1824-1970; Fernando de Rojas, Celestine or the tragick-comedie of Calisto and Melibea. Trans. by James Mabbe. Ed. by Guadalupe Martínez Lacalle; Gaspar Gómez de Toledo, Tercera parte de la Tragicomedia de Celestina. Critical ed., introd. and notes by M. E. Barrick; y "La Célestine" et sa descendance directe.