bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐ and short‐term responses to climate change in body and appendage size of diverse Australian birds
Authors: Ryding Sara , McQueen Alexandra , Klaassen Marcel , Tattersall Glenn J. , Symonds Matthew R. E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChanges to body size and shape have been identified as potential adaptive responses to climate change, but the pervasiveness of these responses has been questioned. To address this, we measured body and appendage size from 5013 museum bird skins of 78 ecologically and evolutionary diverse Australian species. We found that morphological change is a shared response to climate change across birds. Birds increased relative bill surface area, tarsus length, and relative wing length through time, consistent with expectations of increasing appendage size as climates warm. Furthermore, birds decreased in absolute wing length, consistent with the expectation of decreasing body size in warmer climates. Interestingly, these trends were generally consistent across different diets and migratory and thermoregulatory behaviors. Shorter term responses to higher temperatures were contrary to long‐term effects for appendages, wherein relative appendage size decreased after hotter years, indicating the complex selective pressures acting on birds as temperatures rise with climate change. Overall, our findings support the notion that morphological adaptation is a widespread response to climate change in birds that is independent of other ecological traits.
The lncRNA TPTEP1 suppresses PI3K/AKT signalling and inhibits ovarian cancer progression by interacting with PTBP1
Authors: Feng Yifan , Zhang Zhe , Yang Huijun , Miao Fulu , Li Yuyang , Zhang Minmin , Cao Yunxia , Li Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe expression of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) TPTE pseudogene 1 (TPTEP1) is significantly downregulated in ovarian cancer (OC). However, the function and mechanism of the lncRNA TPTEP1 in OC have not been identified. To investigate the expression of the lncRNA TPTEP1, we analysed a publicly available dataset and 20 pairs of OC and normal ovarian samples tissue from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Functional assays were used to determine the role of the lncRNA TPTEP1 in OC progression. Furthermore, Western blot, FISH, RNA pull‐down, mass spectrometry and RNA immunoprecipitation approaches were used to determine the mechanism by which the lncRNA TPTEP1 affects OC progression. Animal experiments were used to determine the role of the lncRNA TPTEP1 in ovarian tumorigenicity in vivo. The expression of the lncRNA TPTEP1 in OC tissues was significantly lower than that in normal tissues and low expression of the lncRNA TPTEP1 was significantly correlated with advanced FIGO stage and the presence of malignant ascites in OC patients. In vitro and in vivo, regulation of the expression of the lncRNA TPTEP1 caused changes in OC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Mechanistically, we found that TPTEP1 directly binds to the polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein 1 (PTBP1) protein and inhibits PI3K/AKT signalling. The lncRNA TPTEP1 inhibits PI3K/AKT signalling by directly binding PTBP1, possibly indicating the molecular mechanism underlying its biological function. With further research, these findings may aid in the development of clinically useful strategies for the treatment of OC.
Intestinal inflammation, oxidative damage, and pathogenesis of intestinal Cryptosporidium in juvenile Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Jantrakajorn Sasibha , Keawchana Narissara , Sornying Peerapon , Khirilak Pokphon , Suyapoh Watcharapol 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPiscine intestinal Cryptosporidium infection is a known cause of severe illness and mortality in juvenile Asian sea bass, with inflammation playing a central role. This inflammation triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to irreversible DNA damage and activation of apoptosis pathways. However, the specific impact of inflammation on ROS production, DNA damage, and apoptosis in this context remains unclear. This study investigated the pathogenic role of inflammation and ROS in causing DNA damage and cell apoptosis in piscine intestinal cryptosporidiosis. Forty‐four intestinal samples from 60‐ and 90‐day juvenile Asian sea bass were divided into four groups based on Cryptosporidium infection status. Histopathological evaluation and immunofluorescent analysis were conducted to assess ROS production, DNA damage, and cellular apoptosis markers. Results showed significantly higher inflammatory cell infiltration, intracellular ROS production, DNA damage, and cellular apoptosis in 60‐day infected fish compared to 90‐day infected fish. These findings underscore distinct responses in juvenile Asian sea bass to piscine intestinal cryptosporidiosis, highlighting severe inflammation, oxidative DNA damage, and cellular apoptosis, particularly in younger fish.
The purpose of metaphysics: Apology of excess
Authors: Yatsenko Olena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article consistently elaborates the extra‐contextual nature of metaphysical knowledge. Metaphysicsis seen as a semantic construction of culture that produces a certain type of thinking, memory, and identification: that is, subjectivity, and sociality as an ethical and axiological model of interaction with the world and the Other. The paper argues that metaphysics is a kind of orientation in space and that culture is a semiotic way of world orientation, or collection of spaces into an intelligible structure, a specific characteristic of human existence in the universe. Indeed, metaphysics through the space of culture allows one to experience the universe empirically as unity, to assume the presence of meaning. Based on the analysis, the paper summarizes the definition of the phenomenon of culture as a specifically human way of mastering space and controlling time, consciousness as a topology of reflective practices, and virtual reality technology as a space of pure metaphysics.
Patient follow‐up after discharge from the paediatric intensive care unit: A scoping review
Authors: Micaëlli Delphine , Naudin Jérôme , Dauger Stéphane , Levy Michaël , Kerever Sébastien 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMost children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) now survive because of improvements in care. Many studies have identified the psychological, functional, cognitive and social impact of PICU admission on a child and their family. However, expert recommendations on follow‐up are lacking.AimTo identify the strategies of clinical follow‐up after PICU discharge performed from 2001 to 2021.Study designThis scoping review was undertaken between January and April 2021 using three databases: PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL. The search strategy consisted of a combination of keywords, including PICU, post‐PICU discharge and follow‐up in articles published between 2001 and 2021. The results are reported according to PRISMA‐ScR guidelines.ResultsSix‐hundred and fifty‐two articles were identified and 68 were analysed. Median age was 4.5 years and the two main reasons for PICU admission were cardiorespiratory failure and sepsis. Median length of PICU stay was 8 days. Most follow‐up was carried out by research units (88%), while 6% of studies reported follow‐up by a multidisciplinary PICU team. The most common follow‐up schedule included an assessment at PICU discharge, and then at 3, 6 and 12 months. Follow‐up for >1 year was reported in 20% of studies. One third of studies focused on follow‐up quality of life and neurological outcomes. Parental emotional impact was assessed in 7% of studies.ConclusionFollow‐up after PICU discharge was highly heterogeneous regarding timing, health care professionals involved and assessment methods. There is an urgent need for standardization and coordination of PICU follow‐up because of the increasing number of patients impacted by a PICU stay.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAlthough most patients admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) now survive; they may develop paediatric post‐intensive care syndrome (PICS‐P). To our knowledge, there are currently no clinical guidelines regarding follow‐up after PICU discharge. This review summarizes current approaches to follow‐up after PICU discharge, including how it is carried out, who is involved and what the main aims of assessment are.
Short-range C-signaling restricts cheating behavior during
Myxococcus xanthus
development
Authors: Hoang Y. , Franklin Joshua , Dufour Yann S. , Kroos Lee 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Myxococcus xanthus
uses short-range C-signaling to coordinate multicellular mound formation with sporulation during fruiting body development. A
csgA
mutant deficient in C-signaling can cheat on wild type (WT) in mixtures and form spores disproportionately, but our understanding of cheating behavior is incomplete. We subjected mixtures of WT and
csgA
cells at different ratios to co-development and used confocal microscopy and image analysis to quantify the arrangement and morphology of cells. At a ratio of one WT to four
csgA
cells (1:4), mounds failed to form. At 1:2, only a few mounds and spores formed. At 1:1, mounds formed with a similar number and arrangement of WT and
csgA
rods early in development, but later the number of
csgA
spores near the bottom of these nascent fruiting bodies (NFBs) exceeded that of WT. This cheating after mound formation involved
csgA
forming spores at a greater rate, while WT disappeared at a greater rate, either lysing or exiting NFBs. At 2:1 and 4:1,
csgA
rods were more abundant than expected throughout the biofilm both before and during mound formation, and cheating continued after mound formation. We conclude that C-signaling restricts cheating behavior by requiring sufficient WT cells in mixtures. Excess cheaters may interfere with positive feedback loops that depend on the cellular arrangement to enhance C-signaling during mound building. Since long-range signaling could not likewise communicate the cellular arrangement, we propose that C-signaling was favored evolutionarily and that other short-range signaling mechanisms provided selective advantages in bacterial biofilm and multicellular animal development.

IMPORTANCE

Bacteria communicate using both long- and short-range signals. Signaling affects community composition, structure, and function. Adherent communities called biofilms impact medicine, agriculture, industry, and the environment. To facilitate the manipulation of biofilms for societal benefits, a better understanding of short-range signaling is necessary. We investigated the susceptibility of short-range C-signaling to cheating during
Myxococcus xanthus
biofilm development. A mutant deficient in C-signaling fails to form mounds containing spores (i.e., fruiting bodies) but cheats on C-signaling by wild type in starved cell mixtures and forms spores disproportionately. We found that cheating requires sufficient wild-type cells in the initial mix and can occur both before mound formation and later during the sporulation stage of development. By restricting cheating behavior, short-range C-signaling may have been favored evolutionarily rather than long-range diffusible signaling. Cheating restrictions imposed by short-range signaling may have likewise driven the evolution of multicellularity broadly.
A review of virus host factor discovery using CRISPR screening
Authors: See Wayne Ren , Yousefi Meisam , Ooi Yaw Shin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

The emergence of genome-scale forward genetic screening techniques, such as Haploid Genetic screen and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) knockout screen has opened new horizons in our understanding of virus infection biology. CRISPR screening has become a popular tool for the discovery of novel host factors for several viruses due to its specificity and efficiency in genome editing. Here, we review how CRISPR screening has revolutionized our understanding of virus-host interactions from scientific and technological viewpoints. A summary of the published screens conducted thus far to uncover virus host factors is presented, highlighting their experimental design and significant findings. We will outline relevant methods for customizing the CRISPR screening process to answer more specific hypotheses and compile a glossary of conducted CRISPR screens to show their design aspects. Furthermore, using flaviviruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as examples, we hope to offer a broad-based perspective on the capabilities of CRISPR screening to serve as a reference point to guide future unbiased discovery of virus host factors.
Effect of weight-maintaining ketogenic diet on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in obese T2D subjects
Authors: Merovci Aurora , Finley Brittany , Hansis-Diarte Andrea , Neppala Sivaram , Abdul-Ghani Muhammad A , Cersosimo Eugenio , Triplitt Curtis , DeFronzo Ralph A 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionLow carbohydrate ketogenic diets have received renewed interest for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These diets promote weight loss, improve glycemic control, and reduce insulin resistance. However, whether the improvements in glycemic control and insulin sensitivity are secondary to the weight loss or result from a direct effect of hyperketonemia is controversial.Research design and methods29 overweight obese subjects were randomized to one of three dietary interventions for 10 days: (1) Weight-maintaining standard diet; (2) Weight-maintaining ketogenic diet; (3) Weight-maintaining ketogenic diet plus supplementation with the ketone ester of beta-hydroxybutyrate (β-OH-B), 8 g every 8 hours. At baseline, all subjects had oral glucose tolerance test, 2-step euglycemic insulin clamp (20 mU/m2.min and 60 mU/m2.min) with titrated glucose and indirect calorimetry.ResultsBody weight, fat content, and per cent body fat (DEXA) remained constant over the 10-day dietary intervention period in all three groups. Plasma β-OH-B concentration increased twofold, while carbohydrate oxidation decreased, and lipid oxidation increased demonstrating the expected shifts in substrate metabolism with institution of the ketogenic diet. Glucose tolerance either decreased slightly or remained unchanged in the two ketogenic diet groups. Whole body (muscle), liver, and adipose tissue sensitivity to insulin remained unchanged in all 3 groups, as did the plasma lipid profile and blood pressure.ConclusionIn the absence of weight loss, a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet has no beneficial effect on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, or other metabolic parameters.
Association between physicians’ maldistribution and core clinical competency of resident physicians: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Shikino Kiyoshi , Nishizaki Yuji , Kataoka Koshi , Nojima Masanori , Shimizu Taro , Yamamoto Yu , Fukui Sho , Nagasaki Kazuya , Yokokawa Daiki , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesWith physician maldistribution recognised as a global issue, Japan implemented the physician uneven distribution (PUD) index as a strategic measure. Currently, there is a lack of objective assessment of core clinical competencies in regions influenced by varying levels of physician distribution. In this study, we objectively assess the core clinical competencies in regions affected by physician maldistribution and explore the relationship between the PUD index and the clinical competencies of resident physicians.Design, setting and participantsIn this cross-sectional study, we gathered data from the January 2023 General Medicine In-Training Examination (GM-ITE) survey. Participants included postgraduate year 1 and 2 resident physicians in Japanese hospitals mandating the GM-ITE or those who voluntarily took it. The GM-ITE scores of the resident physicians were assessed. The PUD index, a Japanese policy indicator, reflects regional physician disparities. A low PUD index signals a medical supply shortage compared with local demand. The trial registration number is 23-7.ResultsThe high and low PUD index groups included 2143 and 1580 participants, respectively. After adjusting for relevant confounders, multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that the low PUD index group had significantly higher GM-ITE scores than the high PUD index group (adjusted coefficient: 1.14; 95% CI 0.62 to 1.65; p<0.001).ConclusionsThe study revealed no clinically differences in GM-ITE scores between residents in regions with disparate physician distributions, suggesting that factors beyond PUD may influence clinical competency. This finding prompts a re-evaluation of whether current assessment methodologies or educational frameworks fully support learning across varied community settings.
Exploration of patients’ and healthcare professionals’ perspectives on kidney failure risk and the use of the kidney failure risk equation in MULTIPle lOng-term condItions aNd frailTy (MULTIPOINT) study: a qualitative interview and focus group study protocol
Authors: Walker Heather , Sullivan Michael K , Jani Bhautesh Dinesh , Mark Patrick B , Gallacher Katie I 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionClinical guidelines recommend the use of the kidney failure risk equation (KFRE) to guide the referral of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to secondary kidney care services. People living with CKD frequently experience multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity) and/or frailty. This may impact patients’ or carers’ perceptions of kidney failure in the context of other health problems and associated risks and emphasises the need for shared decision-making. This paper presents the research protocol for the exploration of patients’ and healthcare professionals’ perspectives on kidney failure risk and the use of the KFRE in the MULTIPle lOng-term condItions aNd frailTy study. This study aims to investigate patient and healthcare professionals’ perspectives and expectations of the use of KFRE in individuals with CKD and multimorbidity and/or frailty, with a focus on shared decision-making.Methods and analysisAnalysis of semistructured interviews with adults who have CKD and multimorbidity and/or frailty and focus groups with healthcare professionals (who are involved in caring for patients with CKD). Framework analysis, underpinned by normalisation process theory, will be used to develop codes and explore themes from the interviews and focus groups. Patient and public involvement has been pivotal to the study conceptualisation and will continue to be embedded throughout the study.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has undergone peer review by the NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Research and Innovation team and has been granted ethical approval in August 2023 by the NHS Health Research Authority following a favourable opinion from the West of Scotland Research Ethics Committee (REC) 3 (IRAS ID: 325848, REC reference: 23WS/0119, Protocol number GN22RE559).The results of the research will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conferences, as well as to patient and public involvement groups who have been involved in the study and through knowledge exchange events.
Mapping the landscape of mental health and long COVID: a protocol for scoping review
Authors: Adeyinka Daniel A , Amah Adelaide , Husband Alicia , Miller Lukas , Hedlund Dave , Alphonsus Khrisha B , Groot Gary 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionMental health concerns are prevalent among adult patients with long COVID (LC), but the current state of knowledge regarding mental health in the context of LC is not fully understood. The objective of this scoping review is to map and summarise the existing research on mental health conditions among LC patients and highlight the knowledge gaps. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of research in the area.Methods and analysisThe concept of interest is mental health in adult LC patients. This scoping review will be guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and reported according to the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review guidelines. Using predefined search parameters, a comprehensive search of two electronic databases (Medline and APA PsycINFO) and grey literature sources identified 3104 potentially eligible articles published from 1 January 2020 to 4 April 2024. Following the removal of duplicates, 2767 articles were imported for screening in Covidence. The study selection process involves screening titles, abstracts and full text of potentially relevant articles, which will then be analysed using thematic analysis. Data will be extracted using a predefined extraction form.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required because this study does not involve human participants or primary data collection. The findings from this review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and professional networks. In addition, a summary of the results will be shared with patient partners and other relevant stakeholders.Public health implicationsThe findings from this scoping review will contribute to a better understanding of mental health issues arising in LC patients and inform future research directions and public health interventions in this area.