bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between hepatitis B self‐awareness and depression: Exploring the modifying effects of socio‐economic factors
Authors: Liu Y. , Tang K. , Long J. , Zhao C. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryChina has a high prevalence of HBV. Despite previous studies, uncertainty remains about the association of HBV with depression. This study explores the strength of the association and the modifying effects of participants' self‐awareness of the disease and their socio‐economic status. Data from the baseline of a Chinese cohort study of approximately 500 000 adults were analysed. Depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Inventory. Blood spot tests were conducted to detect hepatitis B surface antigen. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between depression and HBV adjusting for demographic, socio‐economic and lifestyle factors of major depression. To understand the effect modifications of disease self‐awareness and socio‐economic factors, a series of stratified analyses were undertaken. The overall prevalence of HBV is 3.2%, with 2.8% screen‐detected and 0.3% self‐reported cases. There was an 84% increased odds of depression among self‐reported HBV patients (OR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.16‐2.90), but no association was found in the screen‐detected group (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.79‐1.23). Male (OR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.30‐3.98), younger age (OR=3.57, 95% CI: 1.82‐7.00), rural resident (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.36‐3.94), lower household income (OR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.34‐4.25) and agricultural worker (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.63‐5.77) were found having greater odds of depression in the HBV self‐aware group, compared to those without HBV. A strong association between hepatitis B self‐awareness and depression was found. Lower socio‐economic status could modify the association between hepatitis B status and depression. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying psychosocial mechanisms of the association.
A large potentiation effect of serum on the in vitro potency of tulathromycin against Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Lees P. , Illambas J. , Potter T. J. , Pelligand L. , Rycroft A. , Toutain P.‐L. 
Published: November 2016

The antimicrobial properties of tulathromycin were investigated for M. haemolytica and P. multocida. Three in vitro indices of antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time‐kill curves, were established for six isolates of each organism. Each index was measured in two growth media: Mueller–Hinton broth (MHB) and calf serum. It was shown that MICs and MBCs were markedly lower in serum than in MHB. MHB:serum ratios for MIC were 47:1 (M. haemolytica) and 53:1 (P. multocida). For both serum and MHB, adjustment of pH led to greater potency at alkaline compared to acid pH. Tulathromycin MIC was influenced by size of inoculum count, being 4.0‐ to 7.7‐fold greater for high compared to low initial counts. It was concluded that for the purpose of determining dosages for therapeutic use, pharmacodynamic data for tulathromycin should be derived in biological fluids such as serum. It is hypothesized that in vitro measurement of MIC in broth, conducted according to internationally recommended standards, may be misleading as a basis for estimating the in vivo potency of tulathromycin.
Pharmacokinetics of new high‐concentration and long‐acting praziquantel oily suspensions after intramuscular administration in cattle
Authors: Qian M. , Wei L. , Hao L. , Tang S. 
Published: December 2016

The aim of the study was to develop praziquantel (PZQ) oily suspensions with 30% PZQ high concentration for intramuscular injection and investigate their pharmacokinetics in cattle. Two optimized formulations containing 30% PZQ were developed in this study, and their quality met the technical standards set by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. After intramuscular administrations of the suspensions (30 mg/kg), no significant differences were observed between the two oily suspensions. However, compared with the market available PZQ tablet after oral administration (150 mg/kg), our injections revealed longer plasma elimination half‐life (26.23, 22.16 h vs 6.35 h) and mean residence time (27.10, 25.88 h vs 9.16 h), indicating the antiparasitic efficacy of our suspensions may be prolonged, and further clinical efficacy investigation is needed. In addition, the relative bioavailability of our formulated suspensions was improved up to 441.32% and 425.60% compared with the oral reference product. Therefore, the injectable suspensions have the potential to become antiparasitic agents for the treatment of cattle schistosomiasis.
Remote sensing of terrestrial impact craters: The TanDEM‐X digital elevation model
Authors: Gottwald Manfred , Fritz Thomas , Breit Helko , Schättler Birgit , Harris Alan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWith the TanDEM‐X digital elevation model (DEM), the terrestrial solid surface is globally mapped with unprecedented accuracy. TanDEM‐X is a German X‐band radar mission whose two identical satellites have been operated in single‐pass interferometer configuration over several years. The acquired data are processed to yield a global DEM with 12 m independent posting and relative vertical accuracies of better than 2 m and 4 m in moderate and mountainous terrain, respectively. This DEM provides new opportunities for space‐borne remote‐sensing studies of the entire sample of terrestrial impact craters. In addition, it represents an interesting repository to aid in the search for new impact crater candidates. We have used the TanDEM‐X DEM to investigate the current set of confirmed impact structures. For a subsample of the craters, including small, midsized, and large structures, we compared the results with those from other DEMs. This quantitative analysis demonstrates the excellent quality of the TanDEM‐X elevation data. Our findings help to estimate what can be gained by using the TanDEM‐X DEM in impact crater studies. They may also be beneficial in identifying the regions and morphologies where the search for currently unknown impact structures might be most promising.
A roadmap for improving the representation of photosynthesis in Earth system models
Authors: Rogers Alistair , Medlyn Belinda E. , Dukes Jeffrey S. , Bonan Gordon , von Caemmerer Susanne , Dietze Michael C. , Kattge Jens , Leakey Andrew D. B. , Mercado Lina M. , Niinemets Ülo , Prentice I. Colin , Serbin Shawn P. , Sitch Stephen , Way Danielle A. , Zaehle Sönke 
Published: November 2016

SummaryAccurate representation of photosynthesis in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) is essential for robust projections of global change. However, current representations vary markedly between TBMs, contributing uncertainty to projections of global carbon fluxes. Here we compared the representation of photosynthesis in seven TBMs by examining leaf and canopy level responses of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (A) to key environmental variables: light, temperature, CO2 concentration, vapor pressure deficit and soil water content. We identified research areas where limited process knowledge prevents inclusion of physiological phenomena in current TBMs and research areas where data are urgently needed for model parameterization or evaluation. We provide a roadmap for new science needed to improve the representation of photosynthesis in the next generation of terrestrial biosphere and Earth system models.
CO2 studies remain key to understanding a future world
Authors: Becklin Katie M. , Walker S. Michael , Way Danielle A. , Ward Joy K. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryCharacterizing plant responses to past, present and future changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) is critical for understanding and predicting the consequences of global change over evolutionary and ecological timescales. Previous CO2 studies have provided great insights into the effects of rising [CO2] on leaf‐level gas exchange, carbohydrate dynamics and plant growth. However, scaling CO2 effects across biological levels, especially in field settings, has proved challenging. Moreover, many questions remain about the fundamental molecular mechanisms driving plant responses to [CO2] and other global change factors. Here we discuss three examples of topics in which significant questions in CO2 research remain unresolved: (1) mechanisms of CO2 effects on plant developmental transitions; (2) implications of rising [CO2] for integrated plant–water dynamics and drought tolerance; and (3) CO2 effects on symbiotic interactions and eco‐evolutionary feedbacks. Addressing these and other key questions in CO2 research will require collaborations across scientific disciplines and new approaches that link molecular mechanisms to complex physiological and ecological interactions across spatiotemporal scales.

Contents

Summary
34

I.
Introduction
34

II.
CO2 effects on plant development and phenology
36

III.
CO2 effects on plant–water dynamics
37

IV.
CO2 effects on plant–microbe interactions
37

V.
The way forward
38

Acknowledgements
38

References
38
Assortative mating for Dark Triad: Evidence of positive, initial, and active assortment
Authors: KARDUM IGOR , HUDEK‐KNEZEVIC JASNA , SCHMITT DAVID P. , COVIC MELANE 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHypotheses regarding positive versus negative assortment, initial assortment versus convergence, and active assortment versus social homogamy were tested on a sample of 100 heterosexual dating couples using variable‐ and couple‐centered approaches. A modest to moderate degree of positive assortment was found for all Dark Triad measures, the highest for Machiavellianism, followed by psychopathy and narcissism. Structural modeling also showed a moderate degree of positive assortment for men's and women's latent Dark Triad constructs. Results supported the initial assortment hypothesis, meaning that couples were already similar in the Dark Triad traits at the beginning of the relationship and did not converge over time. Additionally, similarity was not due to background variables such as age and education (i.e., social homogamy), thus supporting the active assortment hypothesis.
Rehospitalization after pediatric heart transplantation: Incidence, indications, and outcomes
Authors: Hollander Seth A. , McElhinney Doff B. , Almond Christopher S. , McDonald Nancy , Chen Sharon , Kaufman Beth D. , Bernstein Daniel , Rosenthal David N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report the patterns of rehospitalization after pediatric heart transplant (Htx) at a single center. Retrospective review of 107 consecutive pediatric Htx recipients between January 22, 2007, and August 28, 2014, who survived their initial transplant hospitalization. The frequency, duration, and indications for all hospitalizations between transplant hospitalization discharge and September 30, 2015, were analyzed. A total of 444 hospitalization episodes occurred in 90 of 107 (84%) patients. The median time to first rehospitalization was 59.5 (range 1‐1526) days, and the median length of stay was 2.5 (range 0‐81) days. There were an average of two hospitalizations per patient in the first year following transplant hospitalization, declining to about 0.8 per patient per year starting at 3 years post‐transplant. Admissions for viral infections were most common, occurring in 93 of 386 (24%), followed by rule out sepsis in 61 of 386 (16%). Admissions for suspected or confirmed rejection were less frequent, accounting for 41 of 386 (11%) and 31 of 386 (8%) of all admissions, respectively. Survival to discharge after rehospitalization was 97%. Hospitalization is common after pediatric Htx, particularly in the first post‐transplant year, with the most frequent indications for hospitalization being viral illness and rule out sepsis. After the first post‐transplant year, the risk for readmission falls significantly but remains constant for several years.
Theory of Custom, Dogmatics of Custom, Policy of Custom: On the Threefold Approach of Polish‐Russian Legal Realism
Authors: Fittipaldi Edoardo , Timoshina Elena 
Published: November 2016

AbstractProceeding from the insights of Petrażycki, Polish‐Russian legal realists (PRRs) distinguished legal theory, legal dogmatics, and legal policy. Legal theory describes legal phenomena in a value‐free way and formulates causal laws concerning those phenomena. Legal dogmatics and legal policy are, by contrast, value‐laden sciences involving the subject's—i.e., the scientist's—own attitudes toward existing or imagined phenomena: Dogmatics evaluates behaviors based on the subject's adoption of given normative sources (NSs) as binding, while legal policy evaluates the effects produced by given NSs based on causal laws and on the subject's goals (for Petrażycki, these goals come down to that of fostering love, or benevolence). PRRs then conceptualize custom as a representation of people behaving in a certain way (Rc): We have a custom on the threefold condition that (a) Rc is believed true by a given X, (b) Rc causes the existence of a given normative psychical experience (NPE) in X, and (c) X expressly refers to—or would refer—to Rc in justifying an NPE. PRRs use the term customary law to refer to legal experiences (i.e., NPEs involving a sense of entitlement) caused and justified by an Rc. From a theoretical perspective, both the subject's adoption of custom as a binding NS and its truth are irrelevant. It is only the presence of a customary NPE in the X under study that matters. From a dogmatic perspective, by contrast, what matters is (a) whether the dogmatician—qua subject—adopts custom as a binding NS, (b) whether it is true that people behave in a given way bw, and (c) whether bw resembles the behavior that is deontically qualified in the norm under dogmatic evaluation. Finally, from a legal‐political viewpoint, PRRs hold that customary law in modern societies, owing to its conservative nature, should be eradicated for the goal of removing inequalities and fostering benevolence.
Temporal changes in serum luteinizing hormone following ovariohysterectomy and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone vaccination in domestic cats
Authors: Bateman HL , Vansandt LM , Newsom J , Swanson WF 
Published: December 2016

ContentsMeasurement of circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations in cats and temporal changes following ovariohysterectomy (OHE) or possibly GnRH vaccination may be informative for assessing their fertility, contraception or sterilization status. In this study, serum LH concentrations were measured in domestic cats (n = 6) immediately prior to and up to 120 days post‐OHE. Basal LH concentrations of females previously subjected to OHE (n = 4; ~1.5 years post‐OHE) were compared pre‐ and post‐vaccination with a GnRH immunocontraceptive, and to LH concentrations in intact females. Basal serum LH concentrations (2.67 ± 0.43 ng/ml; mean ± SEM) in intact females increased (p < .01) by 30 days post‐OHE (5.65 ± 0.87 ng/ml) but then declined (p < .05) to pre‐OHE levels (mean range, 3.26–3.62 ng/ml) at days 60–120 post‐OHE. Serum LH (3.84 ± 0.51 ng/ml) in four females ~1.5 years after OHE tended to be higher (p = .10) than those of intact females prior to OHE. Three months following first or second GnRH immunocontraceptive vaccine treatment, serum LH values in females previously subjected to OHE decreased (p < .05) to concentrations similar to those observed in intact females. Our preliminary results suggest that OHE of domestic cats causes a marked increase in basal LH levels within the first few weeks after ovariohysterectomy followed by a return to pre‐OHE basal values over the next several months. Reduced LH concentrations after GnRH vaccine may indicate the effectiveness of the immunocontraceptive in reducing the circulating levels of GnRH, thereby reducing secretion of LH.
A structural experimental technique to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of concrete under restrained deformations
Authors: Faria R. , Leitão L. , Teixeira L. , Azenha M. , Cusson D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn innovative variable restraint frame is proposed to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of concrete under tensile stresses induced by restraints to shrinkage deformations (mainly due to drying). Two concrete specimens with the same cross section are used, subjected to equal thermal and moisture conditions: one is made of plain concrete, to assess the “free” deformations due to shrinkage and temperature; the other is reinforced with two steel threaded rods, which induce a manually controlled axial restraint to shrinkage. The restrained specimen is installed on a reaction frame, being stretched in force control mode. The concrete and the rods are instrumented with strain gauges and temperature sensors, which allow separation of the different components of concrete strains with the aid of equations based on equilibrium and compatibility conditions. This permits identifying the elastic and tensile creep concrete strains, as well as the concrete tensile stresses induced by the restrained shrinkage. The device also allows assessing the concrete modulus of elasticity during the test and remains operational even upon concrete cracking, features of great interest for the intended material characterization.
Subconjunctival antimicrobial poloxamer gel for treatment of corneal ulceration in stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)
Authors: Simeone Claire A. , Colitz Carmen M. H. , Colegrove Kathleen M. , Field Cara L. , Rios Carlos , Chandler Heather L. , Johnson Shawn P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveCorneal ulcers are commonly encountered in pinnipeds. Prolonged oral antibiotics and topical ophthalmic solutions may not be practical to administer, and novel treatment techniques are desired. Thermodynamic gels are a potential solution because they hold antimicrobials at the site of injection, slowly releasing drug. This study investigated the clinical efficacy of antibiotic‐impregnated poloxamer gel in management of corneal ulceration.Animal studiedTwenty‐six California sea lions undergoing rehabilitation at The Marine Mammal Center.ProceduresA poloxamer gel mixed with 2% enrofloxacin was subconjunctivally injected in the treatment group. Control animals received oral doxycycline. Systemic anti‐inflammatories and analgesics were administered as needed. Corneal examinations under general anesthesia were repeated weekly, and included sampling for bacterial culture and corneal cytology, collection of high‐quality corneal images, and treatment administration until the ulcers were healed.ResultsThere was no gross or histologic evidence of a localized tissue reaction to the gel administration in the conjunctiva, and no evidence of systemic reaction to therapy in animals that died due to unrelated causes during the study period (n = 17). In animals that experienced a superficial corneal ulcer involving only epithelium or superficial stroma (n = 12), all lesions resolved completely, in both treatment and control groups. Of those animals with deeper or more complex ulcers involving keratomalacia or descemetoceles (n = 15), four demonstrated complete lesion resolution (all four received gel treatment).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that subconjunctival antibiotic poloxamer gel administration is a safe and effective alternative therapeutic option to traditional treatments for superficial corneal ulceration in pinnipeds.
Retrospective Evaluation of Whole Body Computed Tomography for Tumor Staging in Dogs with Primary Appendicular Osteosarcoma
Authors: Talbott Jessica L. , Boston Sarah E. , Milner Rowan J. , Lejeune Amandine , Souza Carlos H. de M. , Kow Kelvin , Bacon Nicholas J. , Hernandez Jorge A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whole body computed tomography (CT) for staging canine appendicular osteosarcoma.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma (n=39).MethodsMedical records for client‐owned dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma from August 2008 to July 2014 were reviewed. Dogs were included if they had a confirmed diagnosis of appendicular osteosarcoma and were staged using whole body CT. Data collected included signalment, body weight, primary tumor location, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, findings on 3‐view thoracic radiographs, cytologic or histologic results, and findings on CT.ResultsThirty‐nine dogs (median age 8.5 years; median body weight 37 kg) had osteosarcoma of the distal radius (n=17), proximal humerus (11) and other sites. Serum ALP activity was elevated in 14 dogs. Bone metastasis was not detected in any dog on whole body CT. Pulmonary metastasis was considered definitive on CT based on board certified radiologist assessment in 2/39 dogs (5%). Two additional dogs (2/39, 5%) had soft tissue masses diagnosed on CT, consistent with concurrent, non‐metastatic malignancies.ConclusionBone metastases were not identified in any dog with whole body CT. Thoracic and abdominal CT detected lung lesions and concurrent neoplasia in dogs with primary appendicular osteosarcoma. Whole body CT may be a useful adjunct to other screening tests for disseminated malignancy.
Lead removal from groundwater by granular mixtures of pumice, perlite and lime using permeable reactive barriers
Authors: Ranjbar Ehsan , Ghiassi Reza , Akbary Zahra 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPermeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) is an in situ technology for remediation of contaminated groundwater. This article presents results of studies on three granular mixtures were used for remediation of lead (Pb2+) contaminated groundwater using PRBs. The mixtures were composed of pumice, perlite and lime in different proportions. Several column experiments were conducted for evaluation of performance of the mixtures for lead removal. The experiments were carried out for over 50 days to evaluate the long‐term performance of the PRBs. It was found out that pumice‐perlite mixture with a weight proportion of 1 : 1 and pumice‐lime‐perlite mixture with a weight proportion of 2 : 2 : 1 can be used as effective reactive media for lead removal. The removal efficiency of the proposed mixtures was 99.9%. The permeability of the reactive media was relatively constant over 53 days continuous experiments and the results demonstrated that the mentioned mixtures have acceptable performance to maintain hydraulic conductivity of PRBs.
Investigation of energy dissipation and flow regime over various forms of stepped spillways
Authors: Mero Shimal , Mitchell Steve 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe efficient operation of reservoirs relies on the effective release of water during flooding, requiring a good understanding of spillways and their hydraulics. A series of experiments was conducted in a laboratory flume on a stepped spillway model with moderate slope (26.6°) for discharges up to 0.0121 m3/s. Using regular uniform horizontal steps of 5 cm height, then several new step configurations including inclined and horizontal curved steps with and without reflector blocks, the flow patterns were investigated. The energy losses over a horizontal stepped spillway were compared with those obtained in a number of similar, previous studies, and with the results obtained for the new step configurations. Good agreement was shown with previous results for horizontal steps, and the inclined and horizontal curved steps dissipated about twice as much energy as the horizontal steps. The results highlight the importance of considering a variety of step forms in spillway design where flows are unpredictable and energy dissipation is important.