bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species‐dependent microarchitectural traits of iridescent scales in the triad taxa of Ornithoptera birdwing butterflies
Authors: Kazama Makoto , Ichinei Mai , Endo Saori , Iwata Masaki , Hino Akiya , Otaki Joji M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOrnithoptera birdwing butterflies have blue, green, or orange iridescent scales in different species or subspecies. To understand the species‐ or subspecies‐dependent scale color differences, we performed comparative morphometric analyses of iridescent scales from three closely related taxa: O. priamus priamus (green), O. priamus urvillianus (blue), and O. croesus (orange). The three types of Ornithoptera wings exhibited reversible color changes to longer wavelengths with different kinetics upon immersion in methanol, suggesting that their color differences are at least partly based on differences in the size of air cavities made by nanostructures. Cover scales of all three color types were visually semi‐transparent glass scales that exhibited color when placed on a dark background. The dorsoventral differences in coloration were observed in single scales, suggesting the optical importance of scale surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy of cover scales in cross section revealed that all color types exhibited finely sculpted tapered ridges and thick, irregular basal multilayers containing tandemly clustered granular objects and air cavities. Scale thickness, ridge height, and multilayer thickness were significantly different among the three color types, and granular object size was significantly different between orange scales and blue and green scales. We conclude that each of the three taxa of Ornithoptera butterflies possesses unique quantitative size values on tapered ridges and irregular multilayers with granular objects and air cavities to express unique structural color. These species‐ or subspecies‐dependent structural colors might have evolved via quantitative shifts in these microarchitectural traits rather than via changes in the basic developmental or architectural plan for color expression.
Rapid evolution leads to differential population dynamics and top‐down control in resurrectedDaphniapopulations
Authors: Goitom Eyerusalem , Kilsdonk Laurens J. , Brans Kristien , Jansen Mieke , Lemmens Pieter , De Meester Luc 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThere is growing evidence of rapid genetic adaptation of natural populations to environmental change, opening the perspective that evolutionary trait change may subsequently impact ecological processes such as population dynamics, community composition, and ecosystem functioning. To study such eco‐evolutionary feedbacks in natural populations, however, requires samples across time. Here, we capitalize on a resurrection ecology study that documented rapid and adaptive evolution in a natural population of the water fleaDaphnia magnain response to strong changes in predation pressure by fish, and carry out a follow‐up mesocosm experiment to test whether the observed genetic changes influence population dynamics and top‐down control of phytoplankton. We inoculated populations of the water fleaD. magnaderived from three time periods of the same natural population known to have genetically adapted to changes in predation pressure in replicate mesocosms and monitored bothDaphniapopulation densities and phytoplankton biomass in the presence and absence of fish. Our results revealed differences in population dynamics and top‐down control of algae between mesocosms harboring populations from the time period before, during, and after a peak in fish predation pressure caused by human fish stocking. The differences, however, deviated from our a priori expectations. An S‐map approach on time series revealed that the interactions between adults and juveniles strongly impacted the dynamics of populations and their top‐down control on algae in the mesocosms, and that the strength of these interactions was modulated by rapid evolution as it occurred in nature. Our study provides an example of an evolutionary response that fundamentally alters the processes structuring population dynamics and impacts ecosystem features.
Evolutionary rescue in a host–pathogen system results in coexistence not clearance
Authors: Christie Mark Redpath , Searle Catherine Laura 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe evolutionary rescue of host populations may prevent extinction from novel pathogens. However, the conditions that facilitate rapid evolution of hosts, in particular the population variation in host susceptibility, and the effects of host evolution in response to pathogens on population outcomes remain largely unknown. We constructed an individual‐based model to determine the relationships between genetic variation in host susceptibility and population persistence in an amphibian‐fungal pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) system. We found that host populations can rapidly evolve reduced susceptibility to a novel pathogen and that this rapid evolution led to a 71‐fold increase in the likelihood of host–pathogen coexistence. However, the increased rates of coexistence came at a cost to host populations; fewer populations cleared infection, population sizes were depressed, and neutral genetic diversity was lost. Larger adult host population sizes and greater adaptive genetic variation prior to the onset of pathogen introduction led to substantially reduced rates of extinction, suggesting that populations with these characteristics should be prioritized for conservation when species are threatened by novel infectious diseases.
Compositional characteristics and geodynamic significance of late Miocene volcanic rocks associated with the Chah Zard epithermal gold–silver deposit, southwest Yazd, Iran
Authors: Kouhestani Hossein , Ghaderi Majid , Emami Mohammad Hashem , Meffre Sebastien , Kamenetsky Vadim , McPhie Jocelyn , Zaw Khin , Nasiri Bezenjani Rasoul 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhole‐rock geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic data are presented for late Miocene volcanic rocks associated with the Chah Zard epithermal Au–Ag deposit in the Urumieh‐Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA), Iran, to investigate the magma source, petrogenesis and the geodynamic evolution of the study area. The Chah Zard andesitic to rhyolitic volcanic rocks are characterized by significant Large Ion Lithophile Element (LILE) and Light Rare Earth Element (LREE) enrichment coupled with High Field Strength Element (HFSE) depletion. Our geochemical data indicate an adakitic‐like signature for the volcanic rocks (e.g. SiO2 > 62 wt%, Al2O3 > 15 wt%, MgO < 1.5 wt%, Sr/Y > 70, La/Yb > 35, Yb < 1 ppm, and Y < 18 ppm, and no significant Eu anomalies), distinguishing them from the other volcanic rocks of the UDMA. The Chah Zard volcanic rocks have similar Sr and Nd isotopic compositions; the 87Sr/86Sr(i) ratios range from 0.704 902 to 0.705 093 and the εNd(i) values are from +2.33 to +2.70. However, the rhyolite porphyry represents the final stage of magmatism in the area and has a relatively high 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.705 811). Our data suggest that the andesitic magmas are from a heterogeneous source and likely to result from partial melting of a metasomatized mantle wedge associated with a mixture of subducted oceanic crust and sediment. These melts subsequently underwent fractional crystallization along with minor amounts of crustal assimilation. Our study is consistent with the model that the volcanic host rocks to epithermal gold mineralization in the UDMA are genetically related to late Miocene Neo‐Tethyan slab break‐off beneath Central Iran.
Prescribed patch burnings increase thrips species richness and body size in grassland communities
Authors: Podgaiski Luciana Regina , Cavalleri Adriano , Ferrando Claire Pauline Röpke , Pillar Valério D. , Mendonça Milton de Souza 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPrescribed patch burning is a well‐known tool for grassland and savanna management that has been recognised as a suitable strategy to enhance biodiversity at landscape‐level scales. Nevertheless, effective monitoring of the biota responses to fire is an essential step towards biodiversity conservation.We investigated fire effects on thrips communities (Thysanoptera) – a group of minute and diverse insect in grasslands. We performed a replicated small‐scale fire experiment in South BrazilianCampos,and tested for fire effects on total abundance, species richness of different feeding guilds (e.g. leaf, flower and fungal feeders) and thrips species body size in the short (1 month) and long‐term (1 year).We found positive fire effects on leaf herbivore richness in recently burned patches where the resprouted vegetation had enhanced nutritional quality, and also later on following the diversification of plant communities. The richness of fungivorous thrips was also benefited by resource heterogeneity in burned patches 1 year after fire. A positive fire effect on thrips community body size was also found at this time, possibly indicating that larger species had an advantage in dispersal to the spatially distributed burned patches across the unburned grassland matrix. Effects on total abundances were not detected.Our study emphasises the role of prescribed patch burnings in producing high quality resource‐rich habitat spots for Thysanoptera communities at local scales.
Effects of wheat gluten hydrolysates fractionated by different methods on the growth and fermentation performances of brewer's yeast under high gravity fermentation
Authors: Zhou Yongjing , Yang Huirong , Zong Xuyan , Cui Chun , Mu Lixia , Zhao Haifeng 
Published: October 2017

SummaryWheat gluten hydrolysates (WGH) were fractionated through ultrafiltration membrane with molecular weight (Mw) cut‐off of 3 kDa and ethanol precipitation, respectively. WGH and their fractions were used to examine their effects on the growth and fermentation performances of brewer's yeast under high gravity fermentation. Results showed that WGH and their fractions exhibited significant differences in biomass accumulation, viability, ethanol yield, free amino nitrogen and sugar consumptions under high gravity fermentation. Compared to WGH, the fractions with Mw < 3 kDa and the supernatant of WGH treated with ethanol precipitation showed better fermentation performance for brewer's yeast. The relatively lower molecular weight and the higher levels of Leu, Lys, His and Arg in these two fractions might be responsible for their bioactivity for brewer's yeast. Thus, both ultrafiltration and ethanol precipitation could be used as efficient methods for enriching peptides with significant growth‐ and fermentation‐promoting activity for brewer's yeast under high gravity fermentation.
Medications That Cause Dry Mouth As an Adverse Effect in Older People: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Tan Edwin C. K. , Lexomboon Duangjai , Sandborgh‐Englund Gunilla , Haasum Ylva , Johnell Kristina 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo assess and quantify the risk of drug‐induced dry mouth as a side effect in older people.DesignSystematic review and metaanalysis.SettingA search of the literature was undertaken using Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and PubMed from 1990 to 2016.ParticipantsOlder people (aged ≥60) who participated in intervention or observational studies investigating drug use as an exposure and xerostomia or salivary gland hypofunction as adverse drug outcomes.MeasurementsTwo pairs of authors screened titles and abstracts of studies for relevance. Two authors independently extracted data, including study characteristics, definitions of exposure and outcome, and methodological quality. For the metaanalyses, random‐effects models were used for pooling the data and I2 statistics for exploring heterogeneity.ResultsOf 1,544 potentially relevant studies, 52 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the final review and 26 in metaanalyses. The majority of studies were of moderate methodological quality. In the intervention studies, urological medications (odds ratio (OR) = 5.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.04–8.63; I2 = 62%), antidepressants (OR = 4.74, 95% CI = 2.69–8.32, I2 = 21%), and psycholeptics (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.79–3.95, I2 = 0%) were significantly associated with dry mouth. In the observational studies, numbers of medications and several medication classes were significantly associated with xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction.ConclusionMedication use was significantly associated with xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction in older adults. The risk of dry mouth was greatest for drugs used for urinary incontinence. Future research should develop a risk score for medication‐induced dry mouth to assist with prescribing and medication management.
Men Lacking a Caregiver Have Greater Risk of Long‐Term Nursing Home Placement After Stroke
Authors: Blackburn Justin , Albright Karen C. , Haley William E. , Howard Virginia J. , Roth David L. , Safford Monika M. , Kilgore Meredith L. 
Published: October 2017

Background/ObjectivesSocial support can prevent or delay long‐term nursing home placement (NHP). The purpose of our study was to understand how the availability of a caregiver can affect NHP after ischemic stroke and how this affects different subgroups differently.DesignNested cohort study.SettingNationally based REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.ParticipantsStroke survivors aged 65 to 100 (256 men, 304 women).MeasurementsData were from Medicare claims from January 2003 to December 2013 and REGARDS baseline interviews conducted from January 2003 to October 2007. Caregiver support was measured by asking, “If you had a serious illness or became disabled, do you have someone who would be able to provide care for you on an on‐going basis?” Diagnosis of ischemic stroke was derived from inpatient claims. NHP was determined using a validated claims algorithm for stays of 100 days and longer. Risk was estimated using Cox regression.ResultsWithin 5 years of stroke, 119 (21.3%) participants had been placed in a nursing home. Risk of NHP was greater in those lacking available caregivers (log‐rank P = .006). After adjustment for covariates, lacking an available caregiver increased the risk of NHP after stroke within 1 year by 70% (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.97–2.99) and within 5 years by 68% (HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.10–2.58). The effect of caregiver availability on NHP within 5 years was limited to men (HR = 3.15, 95% CI = 1.49–6.67).ConclusionIn men aged 65 and older who have survived an ischemic stroke, the lack of an available caregiver is associated with triple the risk of NHP within 5 years.
Uncovering the structure of agreeableness from self‐report measures
Authors: Crowe Michael L. , Lynam Donald R. , Miller Joshua D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveAlthough there are several models of the lower‐order structure of Agreeableness, empirically derived descriptions of this domain are largely nonexistent. We examined the factor structure of Agreeableness items from multiple scales in order to empirically determine the facet‐level structure of the domain.MethodParticipants (N = 1,205; 73% female; 84% White; Mage = 35.5, SD = 17.26) completed 131 items from 22 scales measuring Agreeableness.ResultsA series of factor analyses was conducted on 104 items to identify factor emergence of the domain from a single factor to increasingly more specific factors. A five‐factor solution consisting of facets labeled Compassion, Morality, Trust, Affability, and Modesty was identified as most appropriate. Factors from all levels of the construct were compared to current measures of the domain as well as a number of criterion variables. The patterns of association with criterion variables at the lower level of the Agreeableness domain showed significant divergence.ConclusionsThe current results highlight how specific Agreeableness traits unfold from broader to more specific facets and how these traits are represented in existing measures of this important domain.
Consumption‐Based Asset Pricing in Insurance Markets: Yet Another Puzzle?
Authors: Braun Alexander , Luca Daliana , Schmeiser Hato 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlthough insurance is the typical textbook example for an asset that negatively correlates with consumption, the suitability of the classical consumption‐based asset pricing model with power utility to explain historical premiums and claims has not yet been tested. We fill this gap by fitting it to property–casualty market data for Australia, Italy, the Netherlands, the United States, and Germany. In doing so, we reveal yet another asset pricing anomaly. More specifically, the consumption‐based model implies even larger relative risk aversion coefficients in the insurance sectors than in the equity markets of the aforementioned countries. To solve this puzzle, we draw on the loss aversion and narrow framing approach by Barberis, Huang, and Santos (2001) as well as the second‐degree expectation dependence framework by Dionne, Li, and Okou (2015), with encouraging results.
Are we spending too much to grow? The case of Structural Funds
Authors: Cerqua Augusto , Pellegrini Guido 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe evaluate whether the impact of EU Structural and Cohesion Funds (EUF) on Member States’ regional economic growth depends on the intensity of treatment, measured by the normalized amount of funds distributed in each region. We use an original data set that covers all the main sources of EUF and extend the regression discontinuity design to the case of continuous treatment. The results suggest an average positive effect on regional growth. The estimated conditional intensity‐growth function is concave and presents a maximum value. Therefore, the exceeding funds could have been allocated to other lagging regions without reducing the effect on growth.
Standardised evaluation of medicine acceptability in paediatric population: reliability of a model
Authors: Vallet Thibault , Ruiz Fabrice , Lavarde Marc , Pensé-Lhéritier Anne-Marie , Aoussat Ameziane 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Our novel tool to standardise the evaluation of medicine acceptability was developed using observational data on medicines use measured in a paediatric population included for this purpose (0–14 years). Using this tool, any medicine may be positioned on a map and assigned to an acceptability profile. The present exploration aimed to verify its statistical reliability.

Methods
Permutation test has been used to verify the significance of the relationships among measures highlighted by the acceptability map. Bootstrapping has been used to demonstrate the accuracy of the model (map, profiles and scores of acceptability) regardless of variations in the data. Lastly, simulations of enlarged data sets (×2; ×5; ×10) have been built to study the model's consistency.

Key findings
Permutation test established the significance of the meaningful pattern identified in the data and summarised in the map. Bootstrapping attested the accuracy of the model: high RV coefficients (mean value: 0.930) verified the mapping stability, significant Adjusted Rand Indexes and Jaccard coefficients supported clustering validity (with either two or four profiles), and agreement between acceptability scores demonstrated scoring relevancy. Regarding enlarged data sets, these indicators reflected a very high consistency of the model.

Conclusions
These results highlighted the reliability of the model that will permit its use to standardise medicine acceptability assessments.
Poor performance of main‐stream capnography in newborn infants during general anesthesia
Authors: Karlsson Victoria , Sporre Bengt , Hellström‐Westas Lena , Ågren Johan 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundEndtidal (ET) measurement of carbon dioxide is well established for intraoperative respiratory monitoring of adults and children, but the method's accuracy for intraoperative use in small newborn infants has been less extensively investigated.AimsThe aim of this study was to compare carbon dioxide from ET measurements with arterialized capillary blood samples in newborn infants during general anesthesia and surgery.MethodsEndtidal carbon dioxide was continuously measured during anesthesia and surgery and compared with simultaneous blood gas analyses obtained from capillary blood samples. Fifty‐nine sample sets of ET to blood gas carbon dioxide were obtained from 23 prospectively enrolled infants with a gestational age of 23‐41 weeks and a birth weight of 670‐4110 g.ResultsEndtidal levels of carbon dioxide were considerably lower in all sample sets and only 4/23 individual ET‐blood gas sample pairs differed <7.5 mm Hg (1 kPa). Bland‐Altman analysis indicated a poor agreement with a bias of −13 ± 7 mm Hg and a precision of ±14 mm Hg. The performance of ET measurements was particularly poor in infants weighing below 2.5 kg, in infants in need of respiratory support prior to anesthesia, and when the true (blood gas) carbon dioxide level was high, above 45 mm Hg.ConclusionMain‐stream capnography during anesthesia and surgery correlated poorly to blood gas values in small and/or respiratory compromised infants. We conclude that caution should be exercised when relying solely on ET measurements to guide mechanical ventilation in the OR.
The Rollout of the Multilevel Governance System: A Source of Reworking the Contingent Valuation Method?
Authors: Bance Philippe , Chassy Angelique 
Published: October 2017

This article analyzes the impact of multilevel governance (characterized by the joint production of public goods by several government level types) on the use of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). We discuss several compelling reasons for adapting the CVM—which was conceived for a single‐level governance system—as a tool to assist public decision making where multiple levels of government are involved. We argue such adaptation of the CVM promises to allow various public decision makers to discuss the relevance of jointly producing public good, from a shared basis. However, this transferred application of the CVM also illuminates some important difficulties, due to the intrinsic complexity of the method, the highly unequal levels of expertise of actors, and the reservations that it can provoke among some of the latter. The study identifies the key opportunities and problems associated with applying the CVM to subnational education policy evaluation in two territories in Normandy, France.Related Articles

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Related MediaCIRIEC (International Centre of Research and Information on the Public, Social and Cooperative Economy). 2017. http://www.ciriec.ulg.ac.be/en/ and http://www.ciriec.ulg.ac.be/en/publications/
Similarities and Differences in the Functions of Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury (NSSI) and Sex as Self‐Injury (SASI)
Authors: Jonsson Linda Sofia , Svedin Carl Göran , Priebe Gisela , Fredlund Cecilia , Wadsby Marie , Zetterqvist Maria 
Published: October 2017

Differences and similarities were studied in the functions of two different self‐injurious behaviors (SIB): nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and sex as self‐injury (SASI). Based on type of SIB reported, adolescents were classified in one of three groups: NSSI only (n = 910), SASI only (n = 41), and both NSSI and SASI (n = 76). There was support for functional equivalence in the two forms of SIB, with automatic functions being most commonly endorsed in all three groups. There were also functional differences, with adolescents in the SASI only group reporting more social influence functions than those with NSSI only. Adolescents reporting both NSSI and SASI endorsed the highest number of functions for both behaviors. Clinical implications are discussed, emphasizing the need for emotion regulation skills.