bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
01.19: Cyclic behaviour of friction materials for FREEDAM connections
Authors: Cavallaro Giovanni Ferrante , Francavilla Antonella Bianca , Latour Massimo , Piluso Vincenzo , Rizzano Gianvittorio 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTA FREE from DAMage friction connection is a connection where at the level of the lower beam flange is realized a friction damper by means of angles and plates pre‐stressed with high strength bolts. In these connections, the bending moment transferred to the column through the connection can be easily calibrated controlling the friction coefficient of the material employed to realize the friction damper and the value of the preload applied by means of high strength bolts. Therefore, in order to guarantee a correct behaviour of the friction connection both under Serviceability and Ultimate limit states (SLS, ULS), it is necessary to know with a sufficient level of accuracy the value of the static and dynamic friction coefficients and the value of the bolts' preloading.The aim of this paper is to provide a characterization of the friction coefficient of some materials appropriate for the application in the FREEDAM connections. To this scope, the results of an experimental programme consisting of 51 specimens, developed following the guidelines provided by EN 1090‐2 and EN 15129 (anti‐seismic devices), are presented. The experimental work is mainly devoted to the evaluation of the response of three different materials, applied as a coating on steel plates by means of thermal spray, investigating the influence of the bolt preloading level and of the washer's typology on their response. In particular, the possible influence of the pressure applied to the analysed interfaces is considered carrying out tests at variable values of the pre‐loading (between 40% and 100% of the standard pre‐loading value), and the influence of the washers' configuration is evaluated performing tests with flat washers and different configurations of series and parallel of Belleville disc springs. The influence of the washer's typology is considered in order to assess the effectiveness of the Belleville disc springs in the reduction of the bolts' loosening during a cyclic test.The main results of the experimental activity are represented in terms of static and kinetic friction coefficients evaluating also the bolt's force degradation, the development of heat during the test and the degradation of the effective damping. Some of the tests are realized with the aim to determine the random variability of the friction coefficient of the analysed interfaces and to provide values of the friction coefficient to be used in design for ULS and SLS.
01.20: Preloading of stainless steel bolting assemblies
Authors: Stranghöner Natalie , Jungbluth Dominik , Afzali Nariman 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIn modern steel constructions, the use of stainless steel becomes more important, especially in corrosive environments. But: the use of stainless steel bolting assemblies is restricted to non preloaded assemblies by EN 1090‐2 due to several reasons. Stainless steel tends to creep and relaxation which might result in severe preload losses in bolting assemblies. In addition, the susceptibility of stainless steel to galling respectively cold welding causes problems in bolting assemblies because of undefined coefficients of friction. Herewith, qualification procedures are necessary for every possible application scenario. Within the European RFCS‐research project “Execution and reliability of slip resistant connections for steel structures using CS and SS” (SIROCO), stainless steel components and stainless steel bolting assemblies made of austenitic, super duplex, duplex and lean duplex materials have been investigated in tightening tests according to EN ISO 16047 and EN 14399‐2. Furthermore, relaxations tests of bolted connections with bolts according to EN ISO 4014 and EN ISO 4017 have been carried out. The presented paper intends to provide an initial insight into the behaviour of stainless steel bolts based on first results achieved from SIROCO. Regarding the tightening tests, in a first step the evaluation was chosen similar to EN 14399‐2 which specifies essential properties and characteristics of carbon steel bolting assemblies for preloading which should be fulfilled for tightening. The objective of the investigations will be to define a secure preload level and a corresponding tightening procedure for preloaded stainless steel bolting assemblies. The tightening tests are compared with results of the well‐known carbon steel preloading systems HR according to EN 14399‐3 and HV according to EN 14399‐4. Within this contribution, the so far achieved results of the tightening and relaxation tests will be summarized and discussed. For now, the susceptibility to galling and the tendency to creep and relaxation can be confirmed even though galling can be significantly reduced by the use of suitable lubricants which could be determined by experimental testing. Furthermore, secure preload levels could be defined depending on the stainless steel grade and strength class.
00.01: Future challenges and developments in the design of steel structures – an Australian perspective
Authors: Rasmussen Kim J.R. , Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe paper provides an overview of recent advances towards developing the Direct Design Method (DDM) and its implementation in design standards. The DDM allows design by advanced structural analysis (GMNIA) requiring no recourse to a design standard for checking member or cross‐sectional strength. As the capability of structural analysis programs increasingly incorporate both geometric and material nonlinear effects, and as standard desktop computers have become sufficiently powerful to run GMNIA analysis, the DDM is poised to become the future method of design. The paper outlines the system reliability framework that underpins the DDM and the calibration of the Method for 2D and 3D hot‐rolled structural frames as well cold‐formed structural frames featuring cross‐sectional instability. The system reliability implications of the DDM and load and resistance factor design (LRFD) are discussed. The paper also discusses the philosophy of teaching steel structural design and argues this is most rationally and efficiently undertaken using the DDM. Lastly, the paper comments on ongoing and future developments on the DDM including the implementation of the method in design practice.
02.07: A numerical approach to the rotational stiffness of stake welds
Authors: Nilsson Peter , Al‐Emrani Mohammad , Atashipour Seyed Rasoul 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTStake welds of two parallel plates enable the production of several different types of all‐steel sandwich panels. One example is laser‐welded corrugated core all‐steel sandwich panels. The normal stresses close to the welds and in the welds of corrugated core steel sandwich panels with dual weld lines through subjected to shear has been shown to be affected by the rotational stiffness of the weld region. This paper presents an approximate closed‐form solution for the weld region rotational stiffness as a function of the geometric properties. The solution is based on linear and non‐linear regression analysis using the results of 4000 finite element analyses (FEA). All FEA are executed with linear constitutive relations. The presented solution is shown to have a high accuracy within the investigated range. The study ranges over plate thicknesses between 4 and 16mm, gap between the plates between 0.1 and 1.0mm and weld widths from 1 to 4mm. It was shown that the maximum possible error of 7% between the closed‐form solution and FEA within the investigated range has a negligible effect on the transverse shear stiffness of corrugated core steel sandwich panels.
03.01: Bonded steel joints under cyclic loading: Study on structural behaviour und fatigue
Authors: Ciupack Yvonne , Ledecký Lukáš , Pasternak Hartmut , Fischer Vitali , Stammen Elisabeth , Dilger Klaus 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBonding technology can be seen as an alternative to classical bonding methods in steel construction, because fundamental problems such as residual stresses can be prevented. Yet, doubts remain concerning this innovative bonding technology, due to a lack of knowledge regarding the durability. This is the focus of an ongoing experimental study, which addresses the prediction of the service life of adhesive bonded façade connections, concentrating on the connection of a trapezoidal façade profile. This innovative connection provides mechanical and aesthetic benefits. But in comparison to classical steel bonding, the performance of adhesive bonds must be regarded as time and environment dependent. Because the studied façade connection is mainly stressed by temperature and wind loads, the first aim is to derive a representative experimental process based on actual measured environmental data. Cyclic small sized and model component experiments allow a comprehensive consideration of the effects mentioned. Three different adhesive systems are examined, which are well suited for cyclic loading. The results of the experiments form the foundation for developing design rules for adhesive steel bonds in façade construction. Particular focus lies on the low cycle fatigue domain, which has not been examined for adhesive bonds before. By means of the described method, the aim is to enhance the integration of adhesive bonding in steel construction, strengthen the confidence of engineers regarding the novel adhesive technology and further increase the innovation ability of construction engineering.
03.02: Structural assessment of a column splice with opened slotted holes: Finger Connection
Authors: Andrade Pedro , Lagerqvist Ove , Simões Rui , Veljkovic Milan 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a novel joint based on a friction connection designed for column‐splices. The joint was developed within the scope of modular construction to improve the fast assembly of prefabricated frames and to accommodate eventual misalignments. Gaps at the connection are considered on the joint horizontal and vertical axis to accommodate misalignments whether they are rotations and/or displacements and so to allow for the easy fit of the columns. The efficiency of the joint resistance based on different connection gaps subjected to uniform compression is assessed.
03.13: Experimental study on cyclic plastic behaviour of steel joint components
Authors: Budaházy Viktor , Dunai László 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTCivil engineering structures are subjected to enormous cyclic forces during a seismic event. Designing structures with dissipative zones provides an efficient solution to withstand these seismic forces. The zones, which dissipate energy through plastification, can be designated parts of the structural skeleton, or special, sacrificable elements that built into the structure. An economical way to increase the dissipative capacity of a structure is to utilize the cyclic plasticity of the connections. The local ductility of these structural connections is sensitive to their arrangement and requires a careful design.The large number of available connection types prohibits any comprehensive treatment of dissipate zones on the connection level; however, it is feasible to make generalizable observations on the component level, which can support engineers to design connections with sufficient plastic capacity.As part of an ongoing research program, an extended cyclic experimental campaign is completed on 51 specimens, related to three important joint components: (i) T‐butt weld and T‐fillet weld; (ii) single and double‐sided lap joints; (iii) bolted T‐stub. These components are subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading by increasing and constant load amplitudes. In the T‐butt weld and T‐fillet weld tests the effect of the load direction and throat thickness are analysed. The lap joint and bolted T‐stub experiments are focused on the effect of cyclic plasticity and cyclic degradation types of failure modes. The low‐cyclic fatigue response of the investigated components are evaluated, and the critical mechanisms, which influence the energy dissipation, are identified. Based on the experimental study design recommendations can be developed which can be used to increase the local ductility of the investigated joints.
Calcium Coordination Solids for pH‐Triggered Release of Olsalazine
Authors: Levine Dana J. , Gonzalez Miguel I. , Legendre Christina M. , Runčevski Tomče , Oktawiec Julia , Colwell Kristen A. , Long Jeffrey R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCalcium coordination solids were synthesized and evaluated for delivery of olsalazine (H4olz), an anti‐inflammatory compound used for treatment of ulcerative colitis. The materials include one‐dimensional Ca(H2olz)⋅4 H2O chains, two‐dimensional Ca(H2olz)⋅2 H2O sheets, and a three‐dimensional metal‐organic framework Ca(H2olz)⋅2DMF (DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide). The framework undergoes structural changes in response to solvent, forming a dense Ca(H2olz) phase when exposed to aqueous HCl. The compounds Ca(H2olz)⋅x H2O (x=0, 2, 4) were each pressed into pellets and exposed to simulated gastrointestinal fluids to mimic the passage of a pill from the acidic stomach to the pH‐neutral intestines. All three calcium materials exhibited a delayed release of olsalazine relative to Na2(H2olz), the commercial formulation, illustrating how formulation of a drug within an extended coordination solid can serve to tune its solubility and performance.
Outcomes in adolescents and young adults with Hodgkin lymphoma treated on US cooperative group protocols: An adult intergroup (E2496) and Children's Oncology Group (COG AHOD0031) comparative analysis
Authors: Henderson Tara O. , Parsons Susan K. , Wroblewski Kristen E. , Chen Lu , Hong Fangxin , Smith Sonali M. , McNeer Jennifer L. , Advani Ranjana H. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Constine Louis S. , Horning Sandra , Bartlett Nancy L. , Shah Bijal , Connors Joseph M. , Leonard John I. , Kahl Brad S. , Kelly Kara M. , Schwartz Cindy L. , Li Hongli , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Friedman Debra L. , Gordon Leo I. , Evens Andrew M. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDThere is no clear consensus between pediatric and adult providers about the treatment of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).METHODSFailure‐free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between 114 patients ages 17 to 21 years with HL who were treated on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group‐American College of Radiology Imaging Network Intergroup adult E2496 study and 391 similarly patients ages 17 to 21 years with HL who were treated on the pediatric Children's Oncology Group (COG) AHOD0031 study.RESULTSComparing AYAs from the COG and E2496 studies, there were no significant differences in extralymphatic disease, anemia, or hypoalbuminemia. More AYAs in the E2496 trial had stage III and IV disease (63% vs 29%; P < .001) and B symptoms (63% vs 27%; P < .001), and fewer had bulk disease (33% vs 77%; P < .001). More AYAs on the COG trial received radiotherapy (76% vs 66%; P = .03), although in smaller doses. E2496 AYA The 5‐year FFS and OS rates were 68% and 89%, respectively in the E2496 AYAs and 81% and 97%, respectively, in the COG AYAs, indicating a statistically superior compared in the COG AYAs (P = .001). In stratified multivariable analyses, E2496 AYAs had worse FFS than COG AYAs in all strata except patients who had stage I and II HL without anemia. Propensity score analysis (based on stage, anemia, and bulk disease) confirmed inferior FFS for E2496 AYAs compared with COG AYAs (P = .004). On the E2496 study, FFS was significantly divergent across age groups (P = .005), with inferior outcomes for those ages 17 to 21 years versus 22‐44 years. There was no difference across age on the COG study.CONCLUSIONSYounger AYA patients with HL appear to have better outcomes when treated on a pediatric trial than patients of similar age on an adult trial. Prospective studies examining these differences are warranted. Cancer 2018;124:136‐44. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Finding Homologs in Amino Acid Sequences Using Network BLAST Searches
Authors: Ladunga Istvan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBLAST, the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, is used more frequently than any other biosequence database search program. We show how to run searches on the Web, and demonstrate how to increase performance by fine‐tuning arguments for a specific research project. We offer guidance for interpreting results, statistical significance and biological relevance issues, and suggest complementary analyses. This unit covers both protein‐to‐protein (blastp) searches and translated searches (blastx, tblastn, tfastx). blastx conceptually translates the query sequence and tblastn translates all nucleotide sequences in a database, while tblastx translates both the query and the database sequences into amino acid sequences. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of Silyl Ether‐functinoalized Dimethoxydimethylsilane on Electrochemical Performance of a Ni‐rich NCM Cathode
Authors: Jang Seol Heui , Yim Taeeun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDimethoxydimethylsilane (DODSi) is used as an interface stabilizing additive through a selective HF scavenging reaction for layered Ni‐rich oxide cathodes. Ex situ NMR analyses demonstrated that DODSi effectively removes HF from the electrolyte based on the matched chemical reactivity of Si with F− and O with H+. The cells employing DODSi exhibit higher specific capacity with retention than those cycled with a DODSi‐free electrolyte even under in situ HF generating conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS) analyses indicate that DODSi effectively protects the Ni‐rich oxide cathodes against HF corrosion, resulting in improved surface stability of Ni‐rich cathodes.
Ants as ecological indicators of rainforest restoration: Community convergence and the development of an Ant Forest Indicator Index in the Australian wet tropics
Authors: Lawes Michael J. , Moore Anthony M. , Andersen Alan N. , Preece Noel D. , Franklin Donald C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEcosystem restoration can help reverse biodiversity loss, but whether faunal communities of forests undergoing restoration converge with those of primary forest over time remains contentious. There is a need to develop faunal indicators of restoration success that more comprehensively reflect changes in biodiversity and ecosystem function. Ants are an ecologically dominant faunal group and are widely advocated as ecological indicators. We examine ant species and functional group responses on a chronosequence of rainforest restoration in northern Australia, and develop a novel method for selecting and using indicator species. Four sampling techniques were used to survey ants at 48 sites, from grassland, through various ages (1–24 years) of restoration plantings, to mature forest. From principal components analysis of seven vegetation metrics, we derived a Forest Development Index (FDI) of vegetation change along the chronosequence. A novel Ant Forest Indicator Index (AFII), based on the occurrences of ten key indicator species associated with either grassland or mature forest, was used to assess ant community change with forest restoration. Grasslands and mature forests supported compositionally distinct ant communities at both species and functional levels. The AFII was strongly correlated with forest development (FDI). At forest restoration sites older than 5–10 years that had a relatively closed canopy, ant communities converged on those of mature rainforest, indicating a promising restoration trajectory for fauna as well as plants. Our findings reinforce the utility of ants as ecological indicators and emphasize the importance of restoration methods that achieve rapid closed‐canopy conditions. The novel AFII assessed restoration status from diverse and patchily distributed species, closely tracking ant community succession using comprehensive species‐level data. It has wide applicability for assessing forest restoration in a way that is relatively independent of sampling methodology and intensity, and without a need for new comparative data from reference sites.
Multiscale variation in drought controlled historical forest fire activity in the boreal forests of eastern Fennoscandia
Authors: Aakala Tuomas , Pasanen Leena , Helama Samuli , Vakkari Ville , Drobyshev Igor , Seppä Heikki , Kuuluvainen Timo , Stivrins Normunds , Wallenius Tuomo , Vasander Harri , Holmström Lasse 
Published: September 2017

AbstractForest fires are a key disturbance in boreal forests, and characteristics of fire regimes are among the most important factors explaining the variation in forest structure and species composition. The occurrence of fire is connected with climate, but earlier, mostly local‐scale studies in the northern European boreal forests have provided little insight into fire–climate relationship before the modern fire suppression period. Here, we compiled annually resolved fire history, temperature, and precipitation reconstructions from eastern Fennoscandia from the mid‐16th century to the end of the 19th century, a period of strong human influence on fires. We used synchrony of fires over the network of 25 fire history reconstructions as a measure of climatic forcing on fires. We examined the relationship between fire occurrence and climate (summer temperature, precipitation, and a drought index summarizing the influence of variability in temperature and precipitation) across temporal scales, using a scale space multiresolution correlation approach and Bayesian inference that accounts for the annually varying uncertainties in climate reconstructions. At the annual scale, fires were synchronized during summers with low precipitation, and most clearly during drought summers. A scale‐derivative analysis revealed that fire synchrony and climate varied at similar, roughly decadal scales. Climatic variables and fire synchrony showed varying correlation strength and credibility, depending on the climate variable and the time period. In particular, precipitation emerged as a credible determinant of fire synchrony also at these time scales, despite the large uncertainties in precipitation reconstruction. The findings explain why fire occurrence can be high during cold periods (such as from the mid‐17th to early‐18th century), and stresses the notion that future fire frequency will likely depend to a greater extent on changes in precipitation than temperature alone. We showed, for the first time, the importance of climate as a decadal‐scale driver of forest fires in the European boreal forests, discernible even during a period of strong human influence on fire occurrence. The fire regime responded both to anomalously dry summers, but also to decadal‐scale climate changes, demonstrating how climatic variability has shaped the disturbance regimes in the northern European boreal forests over various time scales.