bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronized Chiral Induction between [5]Helicene–Spermine Ligand and B–Z DNA Transition
Authors: Kawara Kensuke , Tsuji Genichiro , Taniguchi Yosuke , Sasaki Shigeki 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe 2,13‐dimethoxy[5]helicene–spermine ligand 8 b possesses an axial chirality. The racemic 8 b was bound to B‐DNA by the accompanying induction of its (P)‐chirality together with the B‐to‐Z helicity change of the duplex DNA, [(dC‐dG)3]2. The (P)‐chirality of the bound 8 b, in turn, transitioned to the (M)‐chirality according to the Z‐helicity of the DNA. These results illustrate the chirality synchronization between the DNA and the ligand.
Thermal Methane Activation by the Metal‐Free Cluster Cation [Si2O4].+
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Zhou Shaodong , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe thermal reaction of methane with the metal‐free cluster cation [Si2O4].+ has been examined by using Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometry. In addition to generating a methyl radical via hydrogen‐atom abstraction, [Si2O4].+ can selectively oxidize methane to formaldehyde. The mechanisms of these rather efficient reactions have been elucidated by high‐level quantum‐chemical calculations.
Experimental characterization of new wire gauze with high capacity structured packing
Authors: Amini Younes , Karimi‐Sabet Javad , Nasr Esfahany Mohsen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper, experimental studies are conducted to introduce a new high capacity structured packing (PACK‐2100) for the separation of mixtures with low separation factor. To improve the performance of this packing, extensive consideration is given to the construction of a new wire gauze structure packing through various hydrodynamic and mass transfer analyses. The surface area and porosity of new structured packing (PACK‐2100) are increased to enhance the pressure drop and the separation efficiency. In addition, comprehensive parametric studies are performed to evaluate the dry/wet pressure drop and mass transfer efficiency in different operating conditions of the presented packing. Our findings show that this new structured packing reduces dry and wet pressure drops more than 25 % compared to the traditional packing that is used for difficult separations such as Dixon 1/8, with the same specific surface area. In addition, the achieved Height Equivalent Theoretical Plate (HETP) of PACK‐2100 is significantly lower (about 20 %) than other conventional packings. Thus, the PACK‐2100 is highly recommended for the separation of stable isotopes such as 18O and 13C in the distillation process.
Mechanistic Insights into the Unique Role of Copper in CO2 Electroreduction Reactions
Authors: Liu Shan Ping , Zhao Ming , Gao Wang , Jiang Qing 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCu demonstrates a unique capability towards CO2 electroreduction that can close the anthropogenic carbon cycle; however, its reaction mechanism remains elusive, owing to the obscurity of the solid–liquid interface on Cu surfaces where electrochemical reactions occur. Using a genetic algorithm method in addition to density functional theory, we explicitly identify the configuration of a water bilayer on Cu(2 1 1) and build electrochemical models. These enable us to reveal a mechanistic picture for CO2 electroreduction, finding the key intermediates CCO* for the C2H4 pathway and CH* for the CH4 pathway, which rationalize a series of experimental observations. Furthermore, we find that the interplay between the Cu surfaces, carbon monomers, and water network (but not the binding of CO*) essentially determine the unique capability of Cu towards CO2 electroreduction, proposing a new and effective descriptor for exploiting optimal catalysts.
Controlling Heat Release from a Close‐Packed Bisazobenzene–Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide Assembly Film for High‐Energy Solid‐State Photothermal Fuels
Authors: Zhao Xiaoze , Feng Yiyu , Qin Chengqun , Yang Weixiang , Si Qianyu , Feng Wei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA closed‐cycle system for light‐harvesting, storage, and heat release is important for utilizing and managing renewable energy. However, combining a high‐energy, stable photochromic material with a controllable trigger for solid‐state heat release remains a great challenge for developing photothermal fuels (PTFs). This paper presents a uniform PTF film fabricated by the assembly of close‐packed bisazobenzene (bisAzo) grafted onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The assembled rGO–bisAzo template exhibited a high energy density of 131 Wh kg−1 and a long half‐life of 37 days owing to inter‐ or intramolecular H‐bonding and steric hindrance. The rGO–bisAzo PTF film released and accumulated heat to realize a maximum temperature difference (DT) of 15 °C and a DT of over 10 °C for 30 min when the temperature difference of the environment was greater than100 °C. Controlling heat release in the solid‐state assembly paves the way to develop highly efficient and high‐energy PTFs for a multitude of applications.
Evaluation of nicotine in tobacco‐free‐nicotine commercial products
Authors: Hellinghausen Garrett , Lee Jauh T. , Weatherly Choyce A. , Lopez Diego A. , Armstrong Daniel W. 
Published: December 2016

Recently, a variety of new tobacco‐free‐nicotine, TFN, products have been commercialized as e‐liquids. Tobacco‐derived nicotine contains predominantly (S)‐(−)‐nicotine, whereas TFN products may not. The TFN products are said to be cleaner, purer substances, devoid of toxic components that come from the tobacco extraction process. A variety of commercial tobacco and TFN products were analyzed to identify the presence and composition of each nicotine enantiomer. A rapid and effective enantiomeric separation of nicotine has been developed using a modified macrocyclic glycopeptide bonded to superficially porous particles. The enantiomeric assay can be completed in <2 min with high resolution and accuracy using high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The results of this study suggest the need for pharmacological studies of (R)‐(+)‐nicotine, which is present in much greater quantities in commercial TFN products compared to commercial tobacco‐derived products. Such studies are required by the FDA for new enantiomeric pharmacological products. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Legacy or colonization? Posteruption establishment of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) on a volcanically active subarctic island
Authors: Sonsthagen Sarah A. , Williams Jeffrey C. , Drew Gary S. , White Clayton M. , Sage George K. , Talbot Sandra L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHow populations and communities reassemble following disturbances are affected by a number of factors, with the arrival order of founding populations often having a profound influence on later populations and community structure. Kasatochi Island is a small volcano located in the central Aleutian archipelago that erupted violently August 8, 2008, sterilizing the island of avian biodiversity. Prior to the eruption, Kasatochi was the center of abundance for breeding seabirds in the central Aleutian Islands and supported several breeding pairs of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus). We examined the reestablishment of peregrine falcons on Kasatochi by evaluating the genetic relatedness among legacy samples collected in 2006 to those collected posteruption and to other falcons breeding along the archipelago. No genotypes found in posteruption samples were identical to genotypes collected from pre‐eruption samples. However, genetic analyses suggest that individuals closely related to peregrine falcons occupying pre‐eruption Kasatochi returned following the eruption and successfully fledged young; thus, a genetic legacy of pre‐eruption falcons was present on posteruption Kasatochi Island. We hypothesize that the rapid reestablishment of peregrine falcons on Kasatochi was likely facilitated by behavioral characteristics of peregrine falcons breeding in the Aleutian Islands, such as year‐round residency and breeding site fidelity, the presence of an abundant food source (seabirds), and limited vegetation requirements by seabirds and falcons.
Decisions at Street Level: Assessing and explaining the implementation of the European water framework directive in Sweden
Authors: Sevä Mikael , Sandström Annica 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study addresses the role of street‐level bureaucrats in water management and examines what factors influence the implementation of the programme of measures that are part of the European Water Framework Directive. The impact of two factors – the bureaucrats' policy understandings and their implementation resources – on implementation is examined through a qualitative case study at sub‐national level in Sweden. The results verify the critical role of these bureaucrats as only one‐third make decisions, or take action, based on the programme of measures. The results further suggest that the bureaucrats’ understandings of how coherent the policies are, and whom they consult in cases of uncertainty, are important. The implementing bureaucrats perceive policy as coherent and have rich networks of advice, including responsible government authorities, while the non‐implementing bureaucrats experience significant policy incoherencies and have sparse advice networks. Thus, policy‐makers can support implementation by adjusting policy and by improving existing, and organizing new, resources to provide these bureaucrats with guidance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Contemporary Challenges in Environmental Governance: Technology, governance and the social licence
Authors: Cullen‐Knox Coco , Eccleston Richard , Haward Marcus , Lester Elizabeth , Vince Joanna 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe process through which societal actors can exert direct influence on the behaviour of organizations has gained increasing attention over the past two decades and is increasingly referred to as ‘social licence’ or ‘social licence to operate’. This paper documents the rise of social licence and analyses the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT), governance and the social licence. We argue that contemporary social licence and the increasingly prominent role societal actors have in private governance has been facilitated by technological innovation in the fields of media and communications, allowing interest groups to have a far greater reach, and direct interaction and engagement with the public, other interest groups and the industries concerned. Now, a larger population can rapidly contest traditional practices regardless of national borders, the issue concerned or the actors involved. The unpredictable, dynamic and subjective nature of social licence has prompted concerns regarding legitimacy of stakeholders, the information they disseminate and outcomes they promote. Subsequently, in an attempt to maintain political and corporate legitimacy, business interests are demanding more adaptable regulatory regimes. These political dynamics are resulting in the proliferation of network style governance that can adapt and cope with changing information, attitudes, values and beliefs. As a result a new era of experimentation and trialling alternative governance regimes has been born. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Systematic assessment of the performance of Illumina's MiSeq FGx™ forensic genomics system
Authors: Almalki Nouran , Chow Hoi Yan , Sharma Vishakha , Hart Katie , Siegel Donald , Wurmbach Elisa 
Published: December 2016

This study assesses the performance of Illumina's MiSeq FGx System for forensic genomics by systematically analyzing single source samples, evaluating concordance, sensitivity and repeatability, as well as describing the quality of the reported outcomes. DNA from 16 individuals (9 males/7 females) in nine separate runs showed consistent STR profiles at DNA input ≥400 pg, and two full profiles were obtained with 50 pg DNA input. However, this study revealed that the outcome of a single sample does not merely depend on its DNA input but is also influenced by the total amount of DNA loaded onto the flow cell from all samples. Stutter and sequence or amplification errors can make the identification of true alleles difficult, particularly for heterozygous loci that show allele imbalance. Sequencing of 16 individuals’ STRs revealed genetic variations at 14 loci at frequencies suggesting improvement of mixture deconvolution. The STR loci D1S1656 and DXS10103 were most susceptible to drop outs, and D22S1045 and DYS385a‐b showed heterozygote imbalance. Most stutters were typed at TH01 and DYS385a‐b, while amplification or sequencing errors were observed mostly at D7S820 and D19S433. Overall, Illumina's MiSeq FGx System produced reliable and repeatable results. aSTRs showed fewer drop outs than the Y‐ and X‐STRs.
Fire safety assessment of Open Wide Gangway underground trains in tunnels using coupled fire and evacuation simulation
Authors: Galea E.R. , Wang Z. , Jia F. , Lawrence P.J. , Ewer J. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryA new type of train configuration, known as Open Wide Gangway (OWG) is becoming popular, particularly in underground environments. Previous fire modelling analysis demonstrated that the OWG configuration was considered safe as or safer than conventional configurations as it reduced the likelihood of flashover. However, these studies have ignored the impact on evacuation of the spread of fire effluent to non‐fire cars. Here we explore the fire safety offered by conventional and OWG configurations using coupled fire and evacuation modelling techniques. Two tunnel train situations are considered: one in which the car side doors are available for evacuation (train in a wide tunnel) and the other in which only the end cab doors are available (train in a narrow tunnel). Two population configurations are considered, fully and half loaded. Two ignition sources are also considered, one representing an accidental fire and the other an arson fire. The analysis demonstrates that while the OWG configuration may produce improved fire performance in the car of fire origin compared to the conventional configuration, if the interaction of the fire effluent with the evacuating passengers is considered, the OWG configuration results in a significantly greater number of casualties in virtually all the scenarios considered. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An international survey and full‐scale evacuation trial demonstrating the effectiveness of the active dynamic signage system concept
Authors: Galea E.R. , Xie H. , Deere S. , Cooney D. , Filippidis L. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryRapid evacuation from large buildings is challenging because of their complex layout making wayfinding difficult. While emergency signage is widely used to aid wayfinding, recent research demonstrates that only 38% of people perceive conventional exit signs. Furthermore, conventional signage only conveys single and passive information and so cannot adapt to changing conditions. The EU FP7 GETAWAY project addresses this problem through the development of a unique and innovative Intelligent Active Dynamic Signage System (IADSS), which routes occupants to their optimal exits during an evolving incident. This paper presents two key steps in the development of the IADSS concept. First, a novel negated signage concept identifying that an exit route is no longer viable was devised and tested using an international survey. The results demonstrate that the negation concept can be clearly understood by over 90% of the sample. The second step involved two full‐scale evacuation trials in a rail station that demonstrated that it was possible to direct over 60% of the participants to the targeted exit through the use of the Active Dynamic Signage System (ADSS). The ADSS makes use of the negated signage concept and a development involving a green flashing arrow within the standard emergency exit sign. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the reaction to fire of cables by a new bench‐scale method
Authors: Gallo E. , Stöcklein W. , Klack P. , Schartel B. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe recently approved EU Construction Products Regulation (CPR) applies to cables as construction products. The difficulty of predicting the fire performance of cables with respect to propagation of flame and contribution to fire hazards is well known. The new standard EN 50399 describes a full‐scale test method for the classification of vertically mounted bunched cables according to CPR. Consideration of the material, time, and thus cost requires an alternative bench‐scale fire test, which finds strong demand for screening and development purposes. The development of such a bench‐scale fire test to assess the fire performance of multiple vertically mounted cables is described. A practical module for the cone calorimeter is proposed, simulating the fire scenario of the EN 50399 on the bench scale. The efficacy of this module in predicting full‐scale CPR test results is shown for a set of 20 different optical cables. Key properties such as peak heat release rate (PHRR), fire growth rate (FIGRA), and flame spread are linked to each other by factors of around 5. In a case study, the bench‐scale test designed was used to investigate the influence of the main components on the fire behaviour of a complex optical cable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal exposure to selenium may protect against wheezing in children by the age of 3
Authors: Baïz Nour , Chastang Julie , Ibanez Gladys , Annesi‐Maesano Isabella 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionIt has been suggested that human in utero exposure to heavy metals such as selenium can reduce the prevalence of childhood asthma and allergic diseases. However, data on this topic are scarce. The objective of the present study was to assess the putative associations between maternal selenium level during pregnancy and the risk of asthma, wheezing, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in children from the EDEN birth cohort by the age of 1 and 3 years.MethodsPlasma selenium concentrations were measured in maternal blood during mid‐pregnancy (24–28 weeks of gestation) in 861 mothers. Cohort children were followed up from birth to 3 years using health questionnaires filled out by the parents for asthma, wheezing, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Maternal plasma selenium was related to the childhood outcomes by the age of 1 and 3 years.ResultsOur results showed a significant negative association between a high maternal plasma selenium level during pregnancy and the risk of wheezing in the child by the age of 1 and 3 years. However, maternal plasma selenium during pregnancy was not associated with the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the level of fetal exposure to maternal selenium could have an influence on the risk of wheezing in infancy and potentially on the risk of developing asthma later in life.
Noise‐Corrected Principal Component Analysis of fluorescence lifetime imaging data
Authors: Le Marois Alix , Labouesse Simon , Suhling Klaus , Heintzmann Rainer 
Published: December 2016

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) is an attractive microscopy method in the life sciences, yielding information on the sample otherwise unavailable through intensity‐based techniques. A novel Noise‐Corrected Principal Component Analysis (NC‐PCA) method for time‐domain FLIM data is presented here. The presence and distribution of distinct microenvironments are identified at lower photon counts than previously reported, without requiring prior knowledge of their number or of the dye's decay kinetics. A noise correction based on the Poisson statistics inherent to Time‐Correlated Single Photon Counting is incorporated. The approach is validated using simulated data, and further applied to experimental FLIM data of HeLa cells stained with membrane dye di‐4‐ANEPPDHQ. Two distinct lipid phases were resolved in the cell membranes, and the modification of the order parameters of the plasma membrane during cholesterol depletion was also detected.
Noise‐corrected Principal Component Analysis of FLIM data resolves distinct microenvironments in cell membranes of live HeLa cells.magnified imageNoise‐corrected Principal Component Analysis of FLIM data resolves distinct microenvironments in cell membranes of live HeLa cells.
The Association Between Protein Intake by Source and Osteoporotic Fracture in Older Men: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Langsetmo Lisa , Shikany James M , Cawthon Peggy M , Cauley Jane A , Taylor Brent C , Vo Tien N , Bauer Douglas C , Orwoll Eric S , Schousboe John T , Ensrud Kristine E ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Dietary protein is a potentially modifiable risk factor for fracture. Our objectives were to assess the association of protein intake with incident fracture among older men and whether these associations varied by protein source or by skeletal site. We studied a longitudinal cohort of 5875 men (mean age 73.6 ± 5.9 years) in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. At baseline, protein intake was assessed as percent of total energy intake (TEI) with mean intake from all sources = 16.1%TEI. Incident clinical fractures were confirmed by physician review of medical records. There were 612 major osteoporotic fractures, 806 low-trauma fractures, 270 hip fractures, 193 spine fractures, and 919 non-hip non-spine fractures during 15 years of follow-up. We used Cox proportional hazards models with age, race, height, clinical site, TEI, physical activity, marital status, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal surgery, smoking, oral corticosteroids use, alcohol consumption, and calcium and vitamin D supplements as covariates to compute hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), all expressed per unit (SD = 2.9%TEI) increase. Higher protein intake was associated with a decreased risk of major osteoporotic fracture (HR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.00) with a similar association found for low-trauma fracture. The association between protein and fracture varied by protein source; eg, increased dairy protein and non-dairy animal protein were associated with a decreased risk of hip fracture (HR = 0.80 [95% CI, 0.65 to 0.98] and HR = 0.84 [95% CI, 0.72 to 0.97], respectively), whereas plant-source protein was not (HR = 0.99 [95% CI, 0.78 to 1.24]). The association between protein and fracture varied by fracture site; total protein was associated with a decreased risk of hip fracture (HR = 0.84 [95% CI, 0.73 to 0.95]), but not clinical spine fracture (HR = 1.06 [95% CI, 0.92 to 1.22]). In conclusion, those with high protein intake (particularly high animal protein intake) as a percentage of TEI have a lower risk of major osteoporotic fracture. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.