bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Timing for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy After Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Systematic Review
Authors: Friis C. , Rothman J. P. , Burcharth J. , Rosenberg J. 
Published: December 2017

Background and Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy is often used as definitive treatment for common bile duct stones. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal time interval between endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched for studies comparing different time delays between endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials were included. Primary outcome was conversion rate from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy and secondary outcomes were complications, mortality, operating time, and length of stay. Results: A total of 14 studies with a total of 1930 patients were included. The pooled estimate revealed an increase from a 4.2% conversion rate when laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed within 24 h of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to 7.6% for 24–72 h delay to 12.3% when performed within 2 weeks, to 12.3% for 2–6 weeks, and to a 14% conversion rate when operation was delayed more than 6 weeks. Conclusion: According to this systematic review, it is preferable to perform cholecystectomy within 24 h of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to reduce conversion rate. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not increase mortality, perioperative complications, or length of stay and on the contrary it reduces the risk of reoccurrence and progression of disease in the delay between endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Digital Diabetes Management Application Improves Glycemic Outcomes in People With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Offringa Reid , Sheng Tong , Parks Linda , Clements Mark , Kerr David , Greenfield Michael S. 
Published: December 2017

Background: Diabetes is a chronic condition that requires constant self-management. As a consequence, several software platforms have been developed to facilitate the tracking of diabetes data to improve diabetes management. Our aim was to determine the real-world glycemic benefits of a mobile diabetes management platform used by individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods: Mobile platform-using (n = 899) and control (n = 900) participants meeting specific minimum data criteria were randomly selected from a database of diabetes users. All results were modeled using different mixed effect generalized linear models, assigning random intercepts for each user, and adjusting the distribution assumption for each outcome. Results: Users of the mobile platform increased their frequency of blood glucose monitoring (+8.8 tests per month, 95% CI [3.4, 14.1], P < .001) and had fewer hyperglycemic events and lower average glucose levels compared to the control group. In addition, a mobile user could expect a 3.5% drop in average BG (−6.4 mg/dL, 95% CI [−2.0, −10.7], P < .001) and a 10.7% decrease in hyperglycemia ( P < .001) after 2 months. Conclusion: Users of the mobile platform tested their BG more often and demonstrated greater improvement in blood glucose compared to users who did not use the mobile platform. This supports previous studies indicating that digital technologies can enhance diabetes care in a real-world setting.
Validation of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis in Japan
Authors: Niino Masaaki , Fukazawa Toshiyuki , Kira Jun-ichi , Okuno Tatsusada , Mori Masahiro , Sanjo Nobuo , Ohashi Takashi , Fukaura Hikoaki , Fujimori Juichi , Shimizu Yuko , Mifune Nobuhiro , Miyazaki Yusei , Takahashi Eri , Kikuchi Seiji , Langdon Dawn , HB Benedict Ralph , Matsui Makoto 
Published: December 2017

Background The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) is a practical battery for measuring cognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives We aimed to validate a Japanese version of the BICAMS in patients with MS and healthy controls. Methods The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT2) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test Revised (BVMTR) were administered to 156 patients with MS and 126 healthy controls (HCs). The BICAMS was re-administered in a subset of 27 MS patients and 30 HCs. Results The mean (±SD) raw scores in the MS and HC groups were as follows: SDMT: MS 47.9 ± 14.0, HC 61.0 ± 9.5; CVLT2: MS 48.6 ± 12.6, HC 55.7 ± 10.5; BVMTR: MS 23.5 ± 8.4, HC 28.3 ± 5.4, respectively, and significant differences were found between the two groups on all tests ( p < 0.0001). Cohen’s d values were 1.07, 0.60, and 0.67 in SDMT, CVLT2, and BVMTR, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficients for each test were as follows: SDMT: r = 0.93; CVLT2: r = 0.82; and BVMTR: r = 0.77 ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions This study provides results that support the reliability and validity of the BICAMS in Japan.
Successful outcome following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adults with primary immunodeficiency
Authors: Fox Thomas A. , Chakraverty Ronjon , Burns Siobhan , Carpenter Benjamin , Thomson Kirsty , Lowe David , Fielding Adele , Peggs Karl , Kottaridis Panagiotis , Uttenthal Benjamin , Bigley Venetia , Buckland Matthew , Grandage Victoria , Denovan Shari , Grace Sarah , Dahlstrom Julia , Workman Sarita , Symes Andrew , Mackinnon Stephen , Hough Rachael , Morris Emma 
Published: December 2017

Key Points
Allo-HSCT with RIC is safe and effective in younger adults with severe PID. Referral triggers should include severe infections, autoimmunity, malignancy, and disease progression despite conservative management.
In silico VHL Gene Mutation Analysis and Prognosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors in von Hippel–Lindau Disease
Authors: Tirosh Amit , el Lakis Mustapha , Green Patience , Nockel Pavel , Patel Dhaval , Nilubol Naris , Gara Sudheer Kumar , Keutgen Xavier M , Linehan W Marston , Kebebew Electron 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Context
Patients with von Hippel–Lindau (vHL) disease caused by a missense VHL mutation have a more severe phenotype compared with other VHL mutation types.

Objective
To define pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) aggressiveness according to VHL genotype.

Design
A prospective natural history study.

Setting
The National Institutes of Health clinical center.

Patients
Patients with vHL disease, pancreatic manifestations, and germline missense VHL gene mutations.

Intervention
In-silico prediction of VHL mutation via five computational prediction models. Patients with &gt;80% prediction for disease-causing mutations in all models [high predicted risk (HPR)] were compared with others [low predicted risk (LPR)].

Main Outcome Measure
Rates of metastases, surgical intervention, and disease progression.

Results
Sixty-nine patients were included: 2 developed metastases, 12 needed surgery, and 31 had disease progression during a median follow-up of 60 months (range 13 to 84 months). Thirteen patients were excluded for low prediction reliability. In the remaining 56 patients (45 with PNETs, 11 with pancreatic cysts), the HPR group (n = 13) had a higher rate of disease progression than the LPR group (n = 43) in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 11.9; P = 0.037). The HPR group also had a higher risk of developing metastases (P = 0.015). Among patients with codon 167 hotspot mutations (n = 26), those in the HPR group had a higher risk for disease progression (P = 0.03) than other patients.

Conclusions
Computational models for predicting the impact of missense VHL gene mutations may be used as a prognostic factor in patients with PNETs in the context of vHL disease.
Intraneural Injection of ATP Stimulates Regeneration of Primary Sensory Axons in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Wu Dongsheng , Lee Sena , Luo Juan , Xia Haijian , Gushchina Svetlana , Richardson Peter M. , Yeh John , Krügel Ute , Franke Heike , Zhang Yi , Bo Xuenong 
Published: December 2017

Injury to the peripheral axons of sensory neurons strongly enhances the regeneration of their central axons in the spinal cord. It remains unclear on what molecules that initiate such conditioning effect. Because ATP is released extracellularly by nerve and other tissue injury, we hypothesize that injection of ATP into a peripheral nerve might mimic the stimulatory effect of nerve injury on the regenerative state of the primary sensory neurons. We found that a single injection of 6 μl of 150 μmATP into female rat sciatic nerve quadrupled the number of axons growing into a lesion epicenter in spinal cord after a concomitant dorsal column transection. A second boost ATP injection 1 week after the first one markedly reinforced the stimulatory effect of a single injection. Single ATP injection increased expression of phospho-STAT3 and GAP43, two markers of regenerative activity, in sensory neurons. Double ATP injections sustained the activation of phospho-STAT3 and GAP43, which may account for the marked axonal growth across the lesion epicenter. Similar studies performed on P2X7 or P2Y2 receptor knock-out mice indicate P2Y2 receptors are involved in the activation of STAT3 after ATP injection or conditioning lesion, whereas P2X7 receptors are not. Injection of ATP at 150 μmcaused little Wallerian degeneration and behavioral tests showed no significant long-term adverse effects on sciatic nerve functions. The results in this study reveal possible mechanisms underlying the stimulation of regenerative programs and suggest a practical strategy for stimulating axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInjury of peripheral axons of sensory neurons has been known to strongly enhance the regeneration of their central axons in the spinal cord. In this study, we found that injection of ATP into a peripheral nerve can mimic the effect of peripheral nerve injury and significantly increase the number of sensory axons growing across lesion epicenter in the spinal cord. ATP injection increased expression of several markers for regenerative activity in sensory neurons, including phospho-STAT3 and GAP43. ATP injection did not cause significant long-term adverse effects on the functions of the injected nerve. These results may lead to clinically applicable strategies for enhancing neuronal responses that support regeneration of injured axons.
Conditional Deletion of Hippocampal CA2/CA3a Oxytocin Receptors Impairs the Persistence of Long-Term Social Recognition Memory in Mice
Authors: Lin Yu-Ting , Hsieh Tsan-Yu , Tsai Tsung-Chih , Chen Chien-Chung , Huang Chiung-Chun , Hsu Kuei-Sen 
Published: December 2017

Oxytocin (OXT) receptors (OXTRs) are prominently expressed in hippocampal CA2 and CA3 pyramidal neurons, but little is known about its physiological function. As the functional necessity of hippocampal CA2 for social memory processing, we tested whether CA2 OXTRs may contribute to long-term social recognition memory (SRM) formation. Here, we found that conditional deletion ofOxtrfrom forebrain (Oxtr−/−) or CA2/CA3a-restricted excitatory neurons in adult male mice impaired the persistence of long-term SRM but had no effect on sociability and preference for social novelty. Conditional deletion of CA2/CA3aOxtrshowed no changes in anxiety-like behavior assessed using the open-field, elevated plus maze and novelty-suppressed feeding tests. Application of a highly selective OXTR agonist [Thr4,Gly7]-OXT to hippocampal slices resulted in an acute and lasting potentiation of excitatory synaptic responses in CA2 pyramidal neurons that relied onN-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activation and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity. In addition,Oxtr−/−mice displayed a defect in the induction of long-term potentiation, but not long-term depression, at the synapses between the entorhinal cortex and CA2 pyramidal neurons. Furthermore,Oxtrdeletion led to a reduced complexity of basal dendritic arbors of CA2 pyramidal neurons, but caused no alteration in the density of apical dendritic spines. Considering that the methodologies we have used to deleteOxtrdo not rule out targeting the neighboring CA3a region, these findings suggest that OXTR signaling in the CA2/CA3a is crucial for the persistence of long-term SRM.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOxytocin receptors (OXTRs) are abundantly expressed in hippocampal CA2 and CA3 regions, but there are little known about their physiological function. Taking advantage of the conditionalOxtrknock-out mice, the present study highlights the importance of OXTR signaling in the induction of long-term potentiation at the synapses between the entorhinal cortex and CA2 pyramidal neurons and the persistence of long-term social recognition memory. Thus, OXTRs in the CA2/CA3a may provide a new target for therapeutic approaches to the treatment of social cognition deficits, which are often observed in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders.
Proliferating NG2-Cell-Dependent Angiogenesis and Scar Formation Alter Axon Growth and Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury in Mice
Authors: Hesp Zoe C. , Yoseph Rim Y. , Suzuki Ryusuke , Jukkola Peter , Wilson Claire , Nishiyama Akiko , McTigue Dana M. 
Published: December 2017

Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces a centralized fibrotic scar surrounded by a reactive glial scar at the lesion site. The origin of these scars is thought to be perivascular cells entering lesions on ingrowing blood vessels and reactive astrocytes, respectively. However, two NG2-expressing cell populations, pericytes and glia, may also influence scar formation. In the periphery, new blood vessel growth requires proliferating NG2+pericytes; if this were also true in the CNS, then the fibrotic scar would depend on dividing NG2+pericytes. NG2+glial cells (also called oligodendrocyte progenitors or polydendrocytes) also proliferate after SCI and accumulate in large numbers among astrocytes in the glial scar. Their effect there, if any, is unknown. We show that proliferating NG2+pericytes and glia largely segregate into the fibrotic and glial scars, respectively; therefore, we used a thymidine kinase/ganciclovir paradigm to ablate both dividing NG2+cell populations to determine whether either scar was altered. Results reveal that loss of proliferating NG2+pericytes in the lesion prevented intralesion angiogenesis and completely abolished the fibrotic scar. The glial scar was also altered in the absence of acutely dividing NG2+cells, displaying discontinuous borders and significantly reduced GFAP density. Collectively, these changes enhanced edema, prolonged hemorrhage, and impaired forelimb functional recovery. Interestingly, after halting GCV at 14 d postinjury, scar elements and vessels entered the lesions over the next 7 d, as did large numbers of axons that were not present in controls. Collectively, these data reveal that acutely dividing NG2+pericytes and glia play fundamental roles in post-SCI tissue remodeling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by formation of astrocytic and fibrotic scars, both of which are necessary for lesion repair. NG2+cells may influence both scar-forming processes. This study used a novel transgenic mouse paradigm to ablate proliferating NG2+cells after SCI to better understand their role in repair. For the first time, our data show that dividing NG2+pericytes are required for post-SCI angiogenesis, which in turn is needed for fibrotic scar formation. Moreover, loss of cycling NG2+glia and pericytes caused significant multicellular tissue changes, including altered astrocyte responses and impaired functional recovery. This work reveals previously unknown ways in which proliferating NG2+cells contribute to endogenous repair after SCI.
The Hidden Genomic and Transcriptomic Plasticity of Giant Marker Chromosomes in Cancer
Authors: Macchia Gemma , Severgnini Marco , Purgato Stefania , Tolomeo Doron , Casciaro Hilen , Cifola Ingrid , L’Abbate Alberto , Loverro Anna , Palumbo Orazio , Carella Massimo , Bianchini Laurence , Perini Giovanni , De Bellis Gianluca , Mertens Fredrik , Rocchi Mariano , Storlazzi Clelia Tiziana 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNeocentromeres contribute to cancer progression by mitotically stabilizing acentric chromosomes containing amplified oncogenes. Macchia et al. show that...Genome amplification in the form of rings or giant rod-shaped marker chromosomes (RGMs) is a common genetic alteration in soft tissue tumors. The mitotic stability of these structures is often rescued by perfectly functioning analphoid neocentromeres, which therefore significantly contribute to cancer progression. Here, we disentangled the genomic architecture of many neocentromeres stabilizing marker chromosomes in well-differentiated liposarcoma and lung sarcomatoid carcinoma samples. In cells carrying heavily rearranged RGMs, these structures were assembled as patchworks of multiple short amplified sequences, disclosing an extremely high level of complexity and definitely ruling out the existence of regions prone to neocentromere seeding. Moreover, by studying two well-differentiated liposarcoma samples derived from the onset and the recurrence of the same tumor, we documented an expansion of the neocentromeric domain that occurred during tumor progression, which reflects a strong selective pressure acting toward the improvement of the neocentromeric functionality in cancer. In lung sarcomatoid carcinoma cells we documented, extensive “centromere sliding” phenomena giving rise to multiple, closely mapping neocentromeric epialleles on separate coexisting markers occur, likely due to the instability of neocentromeres arising in cancer cells. Finally, by investigating the transcriptional activity of neocentromeres, we came across a burst of chimeric transcripts, both by extremely complex genomic rearrangements, and cis/trans-splicing events. Post-transcriptional editing events have been reported to expand and variegate the genetic repertoire of higher eukaryotes, so they might have a determining role in cancer. The increased incidence of fusion transcripts, might act as a driving force for the genomic amplification process, together with the increased transcription of oncogenes.
Epidemiology, incidence and mortality of oral cavity and lips cancer and their relationship with the human development index in the world
Authors: Siakholak Fariba Ramezani , Ghoncheh Mahshid , Pakzad Reza , Gandomani Hamidreza Sadeghi , Ghorat Fereshteh , Salehiniya Hamid 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: According to the importance of knowledge about incidence and mortality of oral cavity and lip cancer in health planning, this study was performed with the aim of investigating the incidence and mortality rate of oral cavity and lip cancer and its relation with the Human Development Index in the world in 2012.
Methods: The study was conducted based on data from the world data of cancer and the World Bank (including the HDI and its components). Data about the age-specific incidence and mortality rate (ASR) for every country in 2012 were getting from the global cancer project. To analyze data, correlation tests between incidence and death rates, and HDI and its components were employed with a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS software.
Results: In 2012, 300373 cases of oral cavity and lip cancer and 145353 cases of death from it have occurred in the world. A positive correlation of 0.221 was seen between the standardized incidence rate of oral cavity and lip cancer and HDI but this correlation was not statistically significant (p=0.114). On the other side, a correlation of 0.295 was seen between the standardized mortality rate of oral cavity and lip cancer with HDI that this correlation was statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The incidence and mortality of oral cavity cancer is high in the Asian countries especially south eastern of Asia. Performing preventive plans in high incidence and mortality rate regions and also obtaining etiological studies in these regions is recommended for diagnosing the causes of high incidence and mortality rates.
Lactobacillus reuteri to Treat Infant Colic: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Sung Valerie , D’Amico Frank , Cabana Michael D. , Chau Kim , Koren Gideon , Savino Francesco , Szajewska Hania , Deshpande Girish , Dupont Christophe , Indrio Flavia , Mentula Silja , Partty Anna , Tancredi Daniel 
Published: December 2017

CONTEXT:
Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17938 has shown promise in managing colic, but conflicting study results have prevented a consensus on whether it is truly effective.

OBJECTIVE:
Through an individual participant data meta-analysis, we sought to definitively determine if L reuteri DSM17938 effectively reduces crying and/or fussing time in infants with colic and whether effects vary by feeding type.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched online databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Cochrane), e-abstracts, and clinical trial registries.

STUDY SELECTION:
These were double-blind randomized controlled trials (published by June 2017) of L reuteri DSM17398 versus a placebo, delivered orally to infants with colic, with outcomes of infant crying and/or fussing duration and treatment success at 21 days.

DATA EXTRACTION:
We collected individual participant raw data from included studies modeled simultaneously in multilevel generalized linear mixed-effects regression models.

RESULTS:
Four double-blind trials involving 345 infants with colic (174 probiotic and 171 placebo) were included. The probiotic group averaged less crying and/or fussing time than the placebo group at all time points (day 21 adjusted mean difference in change from baseline [minutes] −25.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): −47.3 to −3.5]). The probiotic group was almost twice as likely as the placebo group to experience treatment success at all time points (day 21 adjusted incidence ratio 1.7 [95% CI: 1.4 to 2.2]). Intervention effects were dramatic in breastfed infants (number needed to treat for day 21 success 2.6 [95% CI: 2.0 to 3.6]) but were insignificant in formula-fed infants.

LIMITATIONS:
There were insufficient data to make conclusions for formula-fed infants with colic.

CONCLUSIONS:
L reuteri DSM17938 is effective and can be recommended for breastfed infants with colic. Its role in formula-fed infants with colic needs further research.
The influence of aging on the effectiveness of heat stress in preventing disuse muscle atrophy
Authors: Kataoka H , Nakano J , Kondo Y , Honda Y , Sakamoto J , Origuchi T , Okita M 
Published: December 2017

This study examined the aging effect on disuse muscle atrophy prevention using heat stress. Wistar rats aged 7 and 60 weeks were divided into three groups as follows: control, immobilized (Im), and immobilized and heat stressed (ImH). Heat stress was given by immersing the hindlimbs in hot water (42 °C) for 60 min, once in every 3 days and the gastrocnemius (GAS) and soleus (SOL) muscles were extracted after 14 days. Muscle-fiber types were classified using ATPase staining. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was assessed through Western blotting. In GAS muscle of both groups and SOL muscle of 7-week-old rats, the fiber diameter of each muscle type in the ImH group significantly increased compared with that in the Im group. However, this could not be observed in the SOL muscle of the 60-week-old rats. The increased percentage of type-I fibers and variability of types I and II muscle-fiber diameter were evident in the SOL muscle of the 60-week rats. HSP70 was significantly elevated in the ImH group compared with in the Im group in both muscle types of both age groups. Thus, effectiveness of heat stress in the prevention of disuse muscle atrophy appears unsatisfactory in aging muscle fibers.