bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of Functional Mesocrystals for Energy Harvesting, Storage, and Conversion
Authors: Zhang Peng , Tachikawa Takashi , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Majima Tetsuro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHigher‐ordered semiconductors have attracted extensive research interest as an adopted engineering for active solar energy harvesting, storage, and conversion. It is well‐known that the effective separation and anisotropic migration of photogenerated charges are the basic driven force required for superior efficiency. However, the morphology and stoichiometric variation of these semiconductors play essential roles in their physicochemical properties of bulk and surface, especially for efficient interparticle or interfacial charge transfer. To this point, the strategy of controlling the topotactic transformation toward superstructures with optimized functionality is preferable for a wide range of optoelectronic and catalytic engineering applications. In this Minireview, we provide an overview of the crystal orientation, synthetic engineering, functional applications, and spatial and temporal charge dynamics in TiO2 mesocrystals and others. The viewpoint of in‐depth understanding of the structure‐related kinetics would offer an opportunity for design of versatile mesocrystal semiconductors sought‐after for potential applications.
High Surface Area, Thermally Stable, Hydrophobic, Microporous, Rigid Gels Generated at Ambient from MeSi(OEt)3/(EtO)3SiCH2CH2Si(OEt)3 Mixtures by F−‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis
Authors: Furgal Joseph C. , Yamane Honami , Odykirk Timothy R. , Yi Eongyu , Chujo Yoshiki , Laine Richard M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHigh surface area materials are of considerable interest for gas storage/capture, molecular sieving, catalyst supports, as well as for slow‐release drug‐delivery systems. We report here a very simple and fast route to very high surface area, mechanically robust, hydrophobic polymer gels prepared by fluoride‐catalyzed hydrolysis of mixtures of MeSi(OEt)3 and bis‐triethoxysilylethane (BTSE) at room temperature. These materials offer specific surface areas up to 1300 m2 g−1, peak pore sizes of 0.8 nm and thermal stabilities above 200 °C. The gelation times and surface areas can be controlled by adjusting the solvent volume (dichloromethane), percent fluoride (as nBu4NF or TBAF) and the BTSE contents. Polymers with other corners and linkers were also explored. These materials will further expand the materials databank for use in vacuum insulation panels and as thermally stable release and capture media.
Standardized Qualification of Stirred Bioreactors for Microbial Biopharmaceutical Production Processes
Authors: Schirmer Cedric , Blaschczok Katharina , Husemann Ute , Leupold Marco , Zahnow Christian , Rupprecht Jens , Glöckler Rainer , Greller Gerhard , Pörtner Ralf , Eibl Regine , Eibl Dieter 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn in 2016 published DECHEMA guideline concerning process engineering characterization and a new Escherichia coli model process were utilized for the qualification of two geometrically similar stirred stainless steel bioreactors (30 L and 100 L working volume). The achieved results demonstrate that performing an additional biological model process is a valuable complement to the process engineering characterization. Optical densities of 27 (100 L) and 39 (30 L) were reached in the batch cultivation process.
The tumor genome in human immunodeficiency virus–related head and neck cancer: Exploitable targets?
Authors: Burtness Barbara 
Published: October 2017

In a small cohort of human immunodeficiency virus–related head and neck cancers, the majority are demonstrated to bear mutations in head and neck cancer–relevant genes, with some similarities to genomic profiles for human immunodeficiency virus–unrelated head and neck cancers. Although gene panels are not definitive for mutational signatures, the pattern of mutations is consistent with mutational signatures associated with the activity of the virally responsive APOBEC gene editing proteins.See also pages 84‐94.
Early effect of Medicare Shared Savings Program accountable care organization participation on prostate cancer care
Authors: Borza Tudor , Kaufman Samuel R. , Yan Phyllis , Herrel Lindsey A. , Luckenbaugh Amy N. , Miller David C. , Skolarus Ted A. , Jacobs Bruce L. , Hollingsworth John M. , Norton Edward C. , Shahinian Vahakn B. , Hollenbeck Brent K. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDAccountable care organizations (ACOs) can improve prostate cancer care by decreasing treatment variations (ie, avoidance of treatment in low‐value settings). Herein, the authors performed a study to understand the effect of Medicare Shared Savings Program ACOs on prostate cancer care.METHODSUsing a 20% Medicare sample, the authors identified men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer from 2010 through 2013. Rates of treatment, potential overtreatment (ie, treatment in men with a ≥75% chance of 10‐year mortality from competing risks), and Medicare payments were measured using regression models. The impact of ACO participation was assessed using difference‐in‐differences analyses.RESULTSBefore implementation of ACOs, the treatment rate was 71.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 70.2%‐73.3%) for ACO‐aligned beneficiaries and 72.3% (95% CI, 71.7%‐73.0% [P = .51]) for non‐ACO‐aligned beneficiaries. After implementation, this rate declined to 68.4% (95% CI, 66.1%‐70.7% [P = .017]) for ACO‐aligned beneficiaries and 69.3% (95% CI, 68.5%‐70.1% [P<.001]) for non‐ACO‐aligned beneficiaries. There was no differential effect noted for ACO participation. The rate of potential overtreatment decreased from 48.2% (95% CI, 43.1%‐53.3%) to 40.2% (95% CI, 32.4%‐48.0% [P = .087]) for ACO‐aligned beneficiaries and increased from 44.3% (95% CI, 42.1%‐46.5%) to 47.0% (95% CI, 44.5%‐49.5% [P = .11]) for non‐ACO‐aligned beneficiaries. These changes resulted in a significant relative decrease in overtreatment of 17% for ACO‐aligned beneficiaries (difference‐in‐differences, 10.8%; P = .031). Payments were not found to be differentially affected by ACO alignment.CONCLUSIONSThe treatment of prostate cancer and annual payments decreased significantly between 2010 and 2013, but ACO participation did not appear to impact these trends. Among men least likely to benefit, Medicare Shared Savings Program ACO alignment was associated with a significant decline in prostate cancer treatment. Cancer 2018;124:563‐70. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
“Suspicious” salivary gland FNA: Risk of malignancy and interinstitutional variability
Authors: Maleki Zahra , Miller James Adam , Arab Seyedeh Elham , Fadda Guido , Bo Ping , Wise Olga , Rossi Esther Diana , Jhala Nirag , Ashish Chandra , Ali Syed Z. , Wang He 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is well accepted as a safe, reliable, minimally invasive, and cost‐effective method for the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Salivary gland neoplasms are often difficult to diagnose because of morphologic heterogeneity and a variety of epithelial metaplastic changes. Hence, a number of salivary gland FNA specimens yield indeterminate results. For indeterminate FNA specimens, the suspicious‐for‐malignancy (SFM) category is used when a specific neoplasm falls short in quantity or quality for the criteria for malignancy. Therefore, the findings are not sufficient for a conclusive diagnosis of malignancy.METHODSThis study was designed to evaluate the risk of malignancy (ROM) for the SFM group at 5 tertiary medical centers worldwide with the aforementioned criteria. Among 12,606 salivary gland FNA cases between 1997 and 2014, 276 (2.2%) were reported to be SFN. Specifically, 114 suspicious cases (41%) had histological follow‐up.RESULTSHistological follow‐up of the 114 suspicious cases showed 95 malignant tumors indicating a risk of malignancy (ROM) of 83.3%. The ROM varied between 74% and 88% for the 5 participating institutions, and a Fisher's exact test with significance set to p<.05 showed no significant difference in ROM among the institutions (p = .78).CONCLUSIONSOverall, 83.3% of SFM salivary gland FNA specimens turned out to be malignant; there was no significant interinstitutional variability in the ROMs. The SFM category for salivary gland FNA is very homogeneous, and the ROMs are quite similar worldwide. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:94‐100. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Another Look on Wulff Construction
Authors: Peev Nikolay Slavev 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Wulff construction is relation which links the size of the crystal and its anisotropy, given by the surface tensions of the different crystal faces. The crystal size is presented by the perpendicular from point O inside the crystal (the Wulff‐point) to the crystal face. This relation allows to be constructed the equilibrium shape of the crystal, which is the subject of many investigations. In this paper are presented relations allowing the broadening of the use of Wulff construction.
Imidazolium‐ and Triazine‐Based Porous Organic Polymers for Heterogeneous Catalytic Conversion of CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Zhong Hong , Su Yanqing , Chen Xingwei , Li Xiaoju , Wang Ruihu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCO2 adsorption and concomitant catalytic conversion into useful chemicals are promising approaches to alleviate the energy crisis and effects of global warming. This is highly desirable for developing new types of heterogeneous catalytic materials containing CO2‐philic groups and catalytic active sites for CO2 chemical transformation. Here, we present an imidazolium‐ and triazine‐based porous organic polymer with counter chloride anion (IT‐POP‐1). The porosity and CO2 affinity of IT‐POP‐1 may be modulated at the molecular level through a facile anion‐exchange strategy. Compared with the post‐modified polymers with iodide and hexafluorophosphate anions, IT‐POP‐1 possesses the highest surface area and the best CO2 uptake capacity with excellent adsorption selectivity over N2. The roles of the task‐specific components such as triazine, imidazolium, hydroxyl, and counter anions in CO2 absorption and catalytic performance were illustrated. IT‐POP‐1 exhibits the highest catalytic activity and excellent recyclability in solvent‐ and additive‐free cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with epoxides.
Harmonic balance method to analyze bifurcations in memristor oscillatory circuits
Authors: Di Marco Mauro , Forti Mauro , Innocenti Giacomo , Tesi Alberto 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe paper studies nonlinear dynamics and bifurcations of a class of memristor oscillatory circuits obtained by replacing the nonlinear resistor of a Chua's oscillator with a flux‐controlled memristor. A recently developed technique, named flux‐charge analysis method, has shown that the state space of such circuits can be decomposed in invariant manifolds, where each manifold is characterized by a different dynamics and different attractors. Goal of the paper is to investigate the use of the harmonic balance method in combination with flux‐charge analysis method in order to study the different kinds of bifurcations generated by changing the circuit parameters on a fixed manifold, changing manifold for a fixed parameter set (bifurcations without parameters), or changing simultaneously circuit parameters and manifolds. The main result is that the harmonic balance method is quite simple to apply in this rich bifurcation context and is effective to detect Hopf and to accurately predict period‐doubling bifurcations of all these different kinds. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limited polymorphism of the functional MHC class II B gene in the black‐spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) identified by locus‐specific genotyping
Authors: Liu Hong‐Yi , Xue Fei , Gong Jie , Wan Qiu‐Hong , Fang Sheng‐Guo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAmphibians can be more vulnerable to environmental changes and diseases than other species because of their complex life cycle and physiological requirements. Therefore, understanding the adaptation of amphibians to environmental changes is crucial for their conservation. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presents an excellent tool for the investigation of adaptive variations and the assessment of adaptive potential because it can be under strong diversifying selection. Here, we isolated the MHC class II B (MHCIIB) gene from cDNA sequences of the black‐spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus), a widespread amphibian species in China, and designed locus‐specific primers to characterize adaptive variability of this amphibian. Ten alleles were identified from 67 individual frogs of three populations and no more than two alleles were present in each individual animal. Furthermore, none of the sequences had indels or/and stop codons, which is in good agreement with locus‐specific amplification of a functional gene. However, we found low polymorphism at both nucleotide and amino acid levels, even in the antigen‐binding region. Purifying selection acting at this locus was supported by the findings that the dN/dS ratio across all alleles was below 1 and that negatively selected sites were detected by different methods. Allele frequency distributions were significantly different among geographic populations, indicating that physiographic factors may have strong effect on the genetic structure of the black‐spotted frog. This study revealed limited polymorphism of three adjacent black‐spotted frog populations at the functional MHCIIB locus, which may be attributed to region‐specific differences. The locus‐specific genotyping technique developed in this study would provide a foundation for future studies on adaptive divergence among different frog populations.
A Study of an FDTD‐Based Frequency‐Dependent Line Model for Electromagnetic Transient Simulations
Authors: NODA TAKU 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYElectromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations of power systems require accurate representation of models in a wide range of frequencies. This of course applies to the representation of transmission lines, and the phase‐domain frequency‐dependent line model is often used to this end. The phase‐domain line model does not require modal transformation in EMT simulations but requires modal decomposition at its model identification stage, and there are cases where it fails to fix switchovers of propagation modes with respect to frequency. Thus, a frequency‐dependent line model which essentially avoids modal decomposition is desired. This paper studies the possibility of a frequency‐dependent line model based on the FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) method as a candidate which satisfies the above‐mentioned requirements. First, improvements regarding computational efficiency and numerical stability are made to Kordi's FDTD‐based frequency‐dependent line model. Then, the following points are clarified using the developed model: (i) Waveform deformations due to propagation modes with different velocities can be reproduced completely without modal decomposition; (ii) As the time step size becomes larger, waveforms obtained by the developed model become less accurate due to the embedded filter for numerical stability. These points assure, if the error due to the embedded filter is reduced, that the developed model can become a useful frequency‐dependent line model without model identification problems.
An Approach to Assess Learning Conditions, Effects and Outcomes in Environmental Governance
Authors: Armitage Derek , Dzyundzyak Angela , Baird Julia , Bodin Örjan , Plummer Ryan , Schultz Lisen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe empirically examine relationships among the conditions that enable learning, learning effects and sustainability outcomes based on experiences in four biosphere reserves in Canada and Sweden. In doing so, we provide a novel approach to measure learning and address an important methodological and empirical challenge in assessments of learning processes in decision‐making contexts. Findings from this study highlight the effectiveness of different measures of learning, and how to differentiate the factors that foster learning with the outcomes of learning. Our approach provides a useful reference point for future empirical studies of learning in different environment, resource and sustainability settings. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Policy and Governance published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Square Wave Voltammetry Measurements of Low Concentrations of Nitrate Using Au/AgNPs Electrode in Chloride Solutions
Authors: Chen Legrand D. , Barus C. , Garçon V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim of this work is to highlight the potential of using a modified gold electrode with controlled quantity of silver nanoparticles as a working electrode to detect low concentrations of nitrate in chloride solutions. Optimal charge for silver deposition has been determined to obtain the highest signal for the nitrate reduction as the electrocatalytic properties of the bimetallic electrode were directly influenced by its composition. According to the Volcano plot obtained the charge chosen was −52 μC for a 3 mm diameter electrode, corresponding to 4.6×1015 Ag atoms cm−2. It has been shown that dioxygen did not participate to the nitrate reduction mechanism. In order to decrease the limit of quantification, square wave voltammetry was preferred to less sensitive cyclic voltammetry. Nitrate was quantified in chloride solutions in the concentration range found in the open ocean, i. e. 0.39–50 μmol L−1 with a good linear regression (R2=0.9969). The stability of the bimetallic Au−Ag systems has been evaluated and showed almost no difference on the signal recorded over a 26 days period which is suitable to consider an in situ sensor development for marine applications.
Applicability of Thermophotovoltaic Technologies in the Iron and Steel Sectors
Authors: Utlu Zafer , Paralı Ufuk , Gültekin Çağrı 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe theoretical potential for converting excess heat from the iron and steel sectors in Turkey into electricity by the use of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems is investigated and analyzed. The TPV usage in this industry is numerically investigated because this sector is in the leading position in terms of energy consumption in industrial sectors. Using the iron and steel industry waste heat energy data, it is shown that the energy conversion efficiencies of the TPV systems with the photovoltaic (PV) cell modules of In0.2Ga0.8As0.18Sb0.82 and GaSb are 7.31 % and 2.04 %, respectively. When using TPV systems in the Turkish iron and steel sectors for waste heat energy potential, it is calculated that 29.88 MJ per year can be generated with GaSb cells, and 1.076 PJ per year can be generated with In0.2Ga0.8As0.18Sb0.82 cells. Based on the results obtained from the numerical model in this study, some specific advice for the applicability and the development of the high efficiency TPV conversion systems is proposed.
Provenance and tectonic setting of Early Eocene Sohnari Member of Laki Formation from southern Indus Basin of Pakistan
Authors: Hakro Asghar A.A.D. , Xiao Wenjiao , Yan Zhen , Mastoi Abdul S. 
Published: October 2017

The current study is carried out the bulk mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the Early Eocene Sohnari coal‐bearing sedimentary rocks from the southern Indus Basin in Pakistan. The sediments of the Sohnari Member of Laki Formation are composed of shale and sandstone. Their provenance and tectonic setting can well constrain the evolution of the Indus Basin and help solve the controversy regarding the timing of the India–Eurasia collision. X‐ray diffraction results confirm the existence of abundant quartz, zircon, and hematite. The assemblages of hematite, calcite, halite, and gypsum indicate the depositional history of Early Eocene time of southern Indus Basin had with dry, low temperature, and high salinity conditions. The geochemical results demonstrate that the Sohnari sediments are dominated by mature sublitharenites derived predominantly from quartz sedimentary and felsic rocks with minor arc‐related mafic inputs. The chemical index of alteration and plagioclase index of alteration of the Sohnari Member indicate the sediments experienced low to high weathering conditions in the southern Indus Basin during Early Eocene time. The provenance characteristics suggest that the Early Eocene sediments were deposited in a passive margin, instead of a foreland basin. Therefore, we propose that India might still have not collided with Eurasia in the Ypresian of Early Eocene (56–47.8 Ma).
Crustal structure and rifting of the northern South China Sea margin: Evidence from shoreline‐crossing seismic investigations
Authors: Zhu Junjiang , Xu Huilong , Qiu Xuelin , Ye Chunming , Li Sanzhong 
Published: October 2017

Seismic reflection and refraction data acquired from both onshore and offshore in the South China area and on the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea passive margin provide new constraints on the P‐wave velocity structure beneath the continental shelf and contribute to constructing a continental rift evolution model. Based on the crustal thicknesses and P‐wave velocities derived from the velocity structure of the seismic profile OBS2010‐2 across the continental shelf, two distinct domains are identified: (a) the thinned/extended continental crust and (b) the transitional crust. The thinned continental crust has a thickness of 25–27 km across the Hainan Rise, decreasing to 21–23 km further south in the rift and faulted depression zone. The transitional crust is characterized by a thickness of 20–21 km. High‐velocity values (>7.0 km/s) in the lower crust of the transitional domain may indicate possible magmatic underplating during rifting. Our results show that the Cathaysia Block extends from onshore South China to offshore into the South China Sea and is bounded by the transitional crust of the continental shelf. The initial rifting of the continental margin occurred in the rift and faulted depression zone and might be explained by the upwelling of the lithosphere based on a depth‐dependent extension mechanism during the late Cretaceous or Paleocene rifting.
Frequent expression of CD30 in extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma: Potential therapeutic target for anti‐CD30 antibody‐based therapy
Authors: Kawamoto Keisuke , Miyoshi Hiroaki , Suzuki Takaharu , Sasaki Yuya , Yamada Kyohei , Yanagida Eriko , Muto Reiji , Kiryu Maiko , Sone Hirohito , Seto Masao , Ohshima Koichi , Takizawa Jun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExtranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) is a subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with a poor prognosis. Although first‐line treatments for patients with localized ENKTL have been established, there is no gold standard treatment for patients with advanced ENKTL and refractory and/or relapsed disease. Anti‐CD30 antibody‐based therapy, including brentuximab vedotin (BV), has been shown to target malignant lymphomas with CD30 expression. In particular, this therapeutic agent has recently been suggested to be effective for Hodgkin lymphoma and mature T‐cell lymphoma. However, the efficacy of BV toward ENKTL has not yet been established. Therefore, we investigated the expression of CD30 in a large cohort to evaluate BV as a potential treatment for ENKTL. In this study, 97 Japanese patients with newly diagnosed ENKTL between January 2007 and December 2015 were enrolled. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were performed for the evaluation of CD30 expression. If the cut‐off value of CD30 expression is 1% or more, there were 55 positive cases (56.5%). According to the localization of lesion, the frequency of CD30 expression was significantly higher in the non‐nasal type than in the nasal type (P = .0394). No differences were observed in almost all clinical characteristics between CD30‐positive cases and CD30‐negative cases. In addition, the expression of CD30 was not a prognostic factor for either overall survival or progression‐free survival. In conclusion, frequent expression of CD30 in ENKTL suggests anti‐CD30 antibody‐based therapy may be an effective treatment.