bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived employability and reemployment: Do job search strategies and psychological distress matter?
Authors: De Battisti Francesca , Gilardi Silvia , Guglielmetti Chiara , Siletti Elena 
Published: September 2016

Employability perceptions have been suggested to protect well‐being in times of job insecurity. Perceived employability (PE) refers to an individual's perception of his/her possibilities of obtaining employment. Some scholars showed that PE is also associated with the length of unemployment. However, it is not clear how employability perceptions can facilitate the reemployment process. Our research aim was to investigate the relationships among PE, job search strategies, psychological distress (PD), and reemployment. The two‐wave study (a questionnaire administered during the initial contact with employment agencies and objective data on reemployment after 12 months) involved 136 unemployed people. Results of the structural equation model analysis (partial least‐squares path analysis [SEM‐PLS]) showed that PE led to focused job search strategy (FJSS) and the focused strategy increased the likelihood of reemployment. The hypothesized negative correlation between PE and PD was not confirmed. Higher levels of distress attributed to job loss were positively associated with a haphazard job search strategy and negatively with a FJSS. The study makes an original contribution to both the research and the practice, highlighting the role of PE as a protective resource for the unemployed.Practitioner points

Perceived employability (PE) can be considered as a personal protective resource during unemployment because can spur the unemployed to adopt a focused job search strategy (FJSS), even if it cannot reduce the job‐loss triggered psychological distress (PD).

Evidence that a FJSS facilitates reemployment suggests that behavioural training programmes need to be extended beyond the confines of job search intensity.

Both PE and PD should be considered to understand how unemployed individuals choose job search strategies.

Labour policies should support reemployment programmes that help the unemployed reframe their employability beliefs.
Compassion interventions: The programmes, the evidence, and implications for research and practice
Authors: Kirby James N. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeOver the last 10–15 years, there has been a substantive increase in compassion‐based interventions aiming to improve psychological functioning and well‐being.MethodsThis study provides an overview and synthesis of the currently available compassion‐based interventions. What do these programmes looks like, what are their aims, and what is the state of evidence underpinning each of them?ResultsThis overview has found at least eight different compassion‐based interventions (e.g., Compassion‐Focused Therapy, Mindful Self‐Compassion, Cultivating Compassion Training, Cognitively Based Compassion Training), with six having been evaluated in randomized controlled trials, and with a recent meta‐analysis finding that compassion‐based interventions produce moderate effect sizes for suffering and improved life satisfaction.ConclusionsAlthough further research is warranted, the current state of evidence highlights the potential benefits of compassion‐based interventions on a range of outcomes that clinicians can use in clinical practice with clients.Practitioner points

There are eight established compassion intervention programmes with six having RCT evidence.

The most evaluated intervention to date is compassion‐focused therapy.

Further RCTs are needed in clinical populations for all compassion interventions.

Ten recommendations are provided to improve the evidence‐base of compassion interventions.
Identification and characterization of a fusarium head blight resistance gene TaACT in wheat QTL‐2DL
Authors: Kage Udaykumar , Karre Shailesh , Kushalappa Ajjamada C. , McCartney Curt 
Published: September 2016

SummaryFusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in wheat is considered to be polygenic in nature. Cell wall fortification is one of the best resistance mechanisms in wheat against Fusarium graminearum which causes FHB. Metabolomics approach in our study led to the identification of a wide array of resistance‐related (RR) metabolites, among which hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs), such as coumaroylagmatine and coumaroylputrescine, were the highest fold change RR metabolites in the rachis of a resistant near‐isogenic line (NIL‐R) upon F. graminearum infection. Placement of these metabolites in the secondary metabolic pathway led to the identification of a gene encoding agmatine coumaroyl transferase, herein referred to as TaACT, as a candidate gene. Based on wheat survey sequence, TaACT was located within a FHB quantitative trait loci on chromosome 2DL (FHB QTL‐2DL) between the flanking markers WMC245 and GWM608. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that TaACT shared closest phylogenetic relationship with an ACT ortholog in barley. Sequence analysis of TaACT in resistant and susceptible NILs, with contrasting levels of resistance to FHB, led to the identification of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two inversions that may be important for gene function. Further, a role for TaACT in FHB resistance was functionally validated by virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) in wheat NIL‐R and based on complementation studies in Arabidopsis with act mutant background. The disease severity, fungal biomass and RR metabolite analysis confirmed TaACT as an important gene in wheat FHB QTL‐2DL, conferring resistance to F. graminearum.
Autologous intrauterine transfusion in a case of anti‐U
Authors: Adam Sumaiya , Lombaard Hennie 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDMinor red blood cell antibodies are becoming a more common cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Anti‐U are a rare alloantibody found almost exclusively in people of black descent. There is limited experience to guide the management of pregnancies complicated by anti‐U. Furthermore, there is often no suitable cross‐matched blood available for transfusion of a patient with anti‐U.CASE REPORTA 21‐year‐old P0G1 presented at 25 weeks' gestation with D– disease in pregnancy. She had a significant indirect antiglobulin test titer of 512. Anti‐U were identified and no suitable cross‐matched blood was available. Maternal blood was prepared for autologous intrauterine fetal transfusion. Two such transfusions were performed.RESULTSA healthy fetus delivered at 32 weeks that did not require phototherapy or an exchange transfusion.CONCLUSIONAutologous transfusion of prepared maternal blood provides a safe option for intrauterine fetal therapy in pregnancies complicated by rare alloantibodies.
The contribution of unsafe blood transfusion to human immunodeficiency virus incidence in sub‐Saharan Africa: reexamination of the 5% to 10% convention
Authors: Morar Malika M. , Pitman John P. , McFarland Willi , Bloch Evan M. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDHistorical estimates have attributed 5% to 10% of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) to unsafe blood transfusions. Although frequently cited, the validity of this statistic is uncertain or outdated. Recent estimates suggest blood transfusion's contribution to new HIV infections in the region may be much lower.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe searched the peer‐reviewed and gray literature for quantitative estimates of the specific contribution of unsafe blood transfusion to the proportion of new HIV infections occurring in SSA. The sources and methods used to generate attribution estimates were evaluated against published country‐specific HIV prevalence data.RESULTSDespite multiple secondary citations, a primary published source attributing 5% to 10% of new HIV infections to blood transfusions in SSA could not be established for the current era. The United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) modes of transmission (MOT) reports representing 15 countries suggest that between 0 and 1.1% of new HIV infections per year (median, 0.2% or approx. two out of 1000 new infections each year) may be attributable to blood transfusions.CONCLUSIONRecent modeled estimates suggest that blood transfusions account for a very low proportion of new HIV infections in SSA, likely an order of magnitude lower than 5% to 10%. Direct quantification of risk is challenging given the paucity of data on the variables that impact transfusion‐associated HIV. Specifically, data on HIV incidence in blood donors, blood bank laboratory test performance, and posttransfusion surveillance are lacking. Findings suggest an urgent need for improved surveillance and modeling of transfusion‐associated HIV transmission in the region.
Mice engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells support a human myeloid cell inflammatory response in vivo
Authors: Baird Andrew , Deng Chenliang , Eliceiri Matthew H. , Haghi Fatima , Dang Xitong , Coimbra Raul , Costantini Todd W. , Torbett Bruce E. , Eliceiri Brian P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMice engrafted with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CD34+‐HSPCs) have been used to study human infection, diabetes, sepsis, and burn, suggesting that they could be highly amenable to characterizing the human inflammatory response to injury. To this end, human leukocytes infiltrating subcutaneous implants of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges were analyzed in immunodeficient NSG mice reconstituted with CD34+‐HSPCs. It was reported that human CD45+ (hCD45+) leukocytes were present in PVA sponges 3 and 7 days postimplantation and could be localized within the sponges by immunohistochemistry. The different CD45+ subtypes were characterized by flow cytometry and the profile of human cytokines they secreted into PVA wound fluid was assessed using a human‐specific multiplex bead analyses of human IL‐12p70, TNFα, IL‐10, IL‐6, IL1β, and IL‐8. This enabled tracking the functional contributions of HLA‐DR+, CD33+, CD19+, CD62L+, CD11b+, or CX3CR1+ hCD45+ infiltrating inflammatory leukocytes. PCR of cDNA prepared from these cells enabled the assessment and differentiation of human, mouse, and uniquely human genes. These findings support the hypothesis that mice engrafted with CD34+‐HSPCs can be deployed as precision avatars to study the human inflammatory response to injury.
Production and Characterization of Neutralizing Antibodies against Bungarus multicinctus Snake Venom
Authors: Lee Chi-Hsin , Lee Yu-Ching , Leu Sy-Jye , Lin Liang-Tzung , Chiang Jen-Ron , Hsu Wei-Jane , Yang Yi-Yuan 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

The venom of the banded krait (
Bungarus multicinctus
), one of the major venomous species in Taiwan, contains neurotoxic venom proteins (
B. multicinctus
proteins) that pose a serious medical problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Even though horse-derived serum is an efficient therapy against snake venom, it is associated with a high cost and side effects. Therefore, developing a more cost-effective alternative treatment option is highly envisaged. In this study, chickens were immunized with
B. multicinctus
proteins, and polyclonal immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies were purified from eggs. IgY showed a binding activity to
B. multicinctus
proteins that was similar to horse antivenin, and its titer in chickens lasted for at least 6 months. We constructed two antibody libraries by phage display antibody technology, which contain 1.0 × 10
7
and 2.9 × 10
8
transformants, respectively. After biopanning, a phage-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that specific clones were enriched. Thirty randomly selected clones expressing monoclonal single-chain variable-fragment (scFv) antibodies were classified into four groups with a short linker and two with a long linker. These selected scFv antibodies showed specific binding activities to
B. multicinctus
proteins but not to the venomous proteins of other snakes. Most importantly, polyclonal IgY demonstrated a similar neutralization efficiency as did horse-derived antivenin in mice that were injected with a minimum lethal dosage (MLD) of venom proteins. A mixture of several monoclonal anti-
B. multicinctus
scFv antibodies was also able to partially inhibit the lethal effect on mice. We profoundly believe that IgY and scFv antibodies can be applied in developing diagnostic agents for wound exudates and as an alternative treatment for snakebite envenomation in the future.

IMPORTANCE
Snake envenomation is one of the global medical issues of concern. Horse-derived antivenin is an effective way to treat snakebites, but it is costly and occasionally causes severe side effects. In this study, we first generated and characterized IgY antibodies with neutralization activity in chickens. Subsequently, we generated a panel of monoclonal scFv antibodies using phage display antibody technology. A mixture of scFv antibodies was able to partially inhibit the lethal effect in mice that were injected with lethal dosages of venom proteins and prolong their survival time. We believe that chicken-derived IgY and scFv antibodies have great potential for the development of diagnostic agents for wound exudates and therapeutic agents against snake envenomation in the future.
Functions and Unique Diversity of Genes and Microorganisms Involved in Arsenite Oxidation from the Tailings of a Realgar Mine
Authors: Zeng Xian-Chun , E Guoji , Wang Jianing , Wang Nian , Chen Xiaoming , Mu Yao , Li Hao , Yang Ye , Liu Yichen , Wang Yanxin 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The tailings of the Shimen realgar mine have unique geochemical features. Arsenite oxidation is one of the major biogeochemical processes that occurs in the tailings. However, little is known about the functional and molecular aspects of the microbial community involved in arsenite oxidation. Here, we fully explored the functional and molecular features of the microbial communities from the tailings of the Shimen realgar mine. We collected six samples of tailings from sites A, B, C, D, E, and F. Microcosm assays indicated that all of the six sites contain both chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic arsenite-oxidizing microorganisms; their activities differed considerably from each other. The microbial arsenite-oxidizing activities show a positive correlation with soluble arsenic concentrations. The microbial communities of the six sites contain 40 phyla of bacteria and 2 phyla of archaea that show extremely high diversity. Soluble arsenic, sulfate, pH, and total organic carbon (TOC) are the key environmental factors that shape the microbial communities. We further identified 114 unique arsenite oxidase genes from the samples; all of them code for new or new-type arsenite oxidases. We also isolated 10 novel arsenite oxidizers from the samples, of which 4 are chemoautotrophic and 6 are heterotrophic. These data highlight the unique diversities of the arsenite-oxidizing microorganisms and their oxidase genes from the tailings of the Shimen realgar mine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the functional and molecular features of microbial communities from the tailings of a realgar mine.

IMPORTANCE
This study focused on the functional and molecular characterizations of microbial communities from the tailings of the Shimen realgar mine. We fully explored, for the first time, the arsenite-oxidizing activities and the functional gene diversities of microorganisms from the tailings, as well as the correlation of the microbial activities/diversities with environmental factors. The findings of this study help us to better understand the diversities of the arsenite-oxidizing bacteria and the geochemical cycle of arsenic in the tailings of the Shimen realgar mine and gain insights into the microbial mechanisms by which the secondary minerals of the tailings were formed. This work also offers a set of unique arsenite-oxidizing bacteria for basic research of the molecular regulation of arsenite oxidation in bacterial cells and for the environmentally friendly bioremediation of arsenic-contaminated groundwater.
Two Outer Membrane Proteins Contribute to Caulobacter crescentus Cellular Fitness by Preventing Intracellular S-Layer Protein Accumulation
Authors: Overton K. Wesley , Park Dan M. , Yung Mimi C. , Dohnalkova Alice C. , Smit John , Jiao Yongqin 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Surface layers, or S-layers, are two-dimensional protein arrays that form the outermost layer of many bacteria and archaea. They serve several functions, including physical protection of the cell from environmental threats. The high abundance of S-layer proteins necessitates a highly efficient export mechanism to transport the S-layer protein from the cytoplasm to the cell exterior.
Caulobacter crescentus
is unique in that it has two homologous, seemingly redundant outer membrane proteins, RsaF
a
and RsaF
b
, which together with other components form a type I protein translocation pathway for S-layer export. These proteins have homology to
Escherichia coli
TolC, the outer membrane channel of multidrug efflux pumps. Here we provide evidence that, unlike TolC, RsaF
a
and RsaF
b
are not involved in either the maintenance of membrane stability or the active export of antimicrobial compounds. Rather, RsaF
a
and RsaF
b
are required to prevent intracellular accumulation and aggregation of the S-layer protein RsaA; deletion of RsaF
a
and RsaF
b
led to a general growth defect and lowered cellular fitness. Using Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), we show that loss of both RsaF
a
and RsaF
b
led to accumulation of insoluble RsaA in the cytoplasm, which in turn caused upregulation of a number of genes involved in protein misfolding and degradation pathways. These findings provide new insight into the requirement for RsaF
a
and RsaF
b
in cellular fitness and tolerance to antimicrobial agents and further our understanding of the S-layer export mechanism on both the transcriptional and translational levels in
C. crescentus
.

IMPORTANCE
Decreased growth rate and reduced cell fitness are common side effects of protein production in overexpression systems. Inclusion bodies typically form inside the cell, largely due to a lack of sufficient export machinery to transport the overexpressed proteins to the extracellular environment. This phenomenon can conceivably also occur in natural systems. As one example of a system evolved to prevent intracellular protein accumulation, our study demonstrates that
Caulobacter crescentus
has two homologous outer membrane transporter proteins that are involved in S-layer export. This is an interesting case study that demonstrates how bacteria can evolve redundancy to ensure adequate protein export functionality and maintain high cellular fitness. Moreover, we provide evidence that these two outer membrane proteins, although being the closest
C. crescentus
homologs to TolC in
E. coli
, do not process TolC functionality in
C. crescentus
.
Destruction of the Wyoming craton: Seismic evidence and geodynamic processes
Authors: Dave Riddhi , Li Aibing 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Cratons are old and strong continental cores where the lithosphere is thick and remains largely undeformed for 2–3 b.y. Unlike typical cratons, the Wyoming craton underwent pervasive deformation ca. 80–55 Ma during the Laramide orogeny in the west-central United States, and has been subsequently encroached upon by the Yellowstone hotspot since 2.0 Ma. However, the mechanism for the deformation and the craton-hotspot interaction are not well understood. We present here a three-dimensional shear wave velocity model beneath the Wyoming craton constrained from Rayleigh wave data, which reveal new details about the cratonic lithosphere. The average lithosphere thickness beneath the craton is ∼150 km, significantly thinner than a normal cratonic root (&gt;200 km). Continuous low velocities are observed beneath the Yellowstone hotspot and the Cheyenne belt. A low-velocity column is also present in the central-eastern craton at depths of 115–250 km. These low velocities can be explained by hot temperature and partial melting, implying mantle upwelling. A high-velocity anomaly with a dripping shape in central Wyoming extends to 200–250 km depth, indicating mantle downwelling and lithosphere erosion. Our model provides the first seismic evidence for complex small-scale mantle convection beneath the Wyoming craton. The convection probably developed during the subduction of the Farallon plate and has been reinforced by the Yellowstone hotspot. We propose that the combination of flat-slab subduction, small-scale convection, and hotspot activity can lead to massive destruction of a cratonic lithosphere.
Long-term cardiovascular outcome following fetal anaemia and intrauterine transfusion: a cohort study
Authors: Wallace Alexandra H , Dalziel Stuart R , Cowan Brett R , Young Alistair A , Thornburg Kent L , Harding Jane E 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo compare long-term cardiovascular outcomes in survivors of fetal anaemia and intrauterine transfusion with those of non-anaemic siblings.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAuckland, New Zealand.ParticipantsAdults who received intrauterine transfusion for anaemia due to rhesus disease (exposed) and their unexposed sibling(s).ExposureFetal anaemia requiring intrauterine transfusion.Main outcome measuresAnthropometry, blood pressure, lipids, heart rate variability and cardiac MRI, including myocardial perfusion.ResultsExposed participants (n=95) were younger than unexposed (n=92, mean±SD 33.7±9.3 vs 40.1±10.9 years) and born at earlier gestation (34.3±1.7 vs 39.5±2.1 weeks). Exposed participants had smaller left ventricular volumes (end-diastolic volume/body surface area, difference between adjusted means −6.1, 95% CI −9.7 to −2.4 mL/m2), increased relative left ventricular wall thickness (difference between adjusted means 0.007, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.012 mm.m2/mL) and decreased myocardial perfusion at rest (ratio of geometric means 0.86, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.94). Exposed participants also had increased low frequency-to-high frequency ratio on assessment of heart rate variability (ratio of geometric means 1.53, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.25) and reduced high-density lipoprotein concentration (difference between adjusted means −0.12, 95% CI −0.24 to 0.00 mmol/L).ConclusionsThis study provides the first evidence in humans that cardiovascular development is altered following exposure to fetal anaemia and intrauterine transfusion, with persistence of these changes into adulthood potentially indicating increased risk of cardiovascular disease. These findings are relevant to the long-term health of intrauterine transfusion recipients, and may potentially also have implications for adults born preterm who were exposed to anaemia at a similar postconceptual age.