bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postmarketing cases of eluxadoline‐associated pancreatitis in patients with or without a gallbladder
Authors: Harinstein L. , Wu E. , Brinker A. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundCases of pancreatitis were identified in the eluxadoline clinical development program, reflected in initial product labelling, and the subject of postmarketing reports.AimTo analyse postmarketing cases of eluxadoline‐associated pancreatitis.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed all US adverse event reports of pancreatitis associated with eluxadoline reported to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from May 27, 2015 through February 15, 2017.ResultsThe analysis included 119 cases of pancreatitis associated with eluxadoline; one resulted in death and 75 in hospitalisation. Sixty‐seven cases reported the presence (n = 12) or absence (n = 55) of the patient's gallbladder. The eluxadoline dose received in the 55 cases of patients without gallbladders was 75 mg (n = 43), 100 mg (n = 5), or not reported (n = 7). Of the 119 cases, 37 reported the patient did not abuse alcohol and 82 did not report the alcohol abuse status. The single fatal case occurred in a patient without a gallbladder who received eluxadoline 75 mg and did not abuse alcohol. Forty‐seven cases reported development of pancreatitis within the first or second dose of eluxadoline initiation. The median time to onset for the development of pancreatitis (n = 83) was 1 day, ranging from 1 to 56 days of continued use of eluxadoline.ConclusionThe FAERS cases suggest that patients with or without a gallbladder receiving eluxadoline are at risk for the development of pancreatitis. However, patients without a gallbladder, despite receiving the recommended lower dose of eluxadoline 75 mg and screening for alcohol abuse, appear to be overrepresented among patients who developed eluxadoline‐associated pancreatitis.
Parental supervision for their children's toothbrushing: Mediating effects of planning, self‐efficacy, and action control
Authors: Hamilton Kyra , Cornish Stephen , Kirkpatrick Aaron , Kroon Jeroen , Schwarzer Ralf 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesWith 60–90% of children worldwide reportedly experiencing dental caries, poor oral health in the younger years is a major public health issue. As parents are important to children's oral hygiene practices, we examined the key self‐regulatory behaviours of parents for supervising their children's toothbrushing using the health action process approach.Design and methodParticipants (N = 281, 197 mothers) comprised Australian parents of 2‐ to 5‐year‐olds. A longitudinal design was used to investigate the sequential mediation chain for the effect of intention (Time 1) on parental supervision for their youngest child's toothbrushing (Time 3), via self‐efficacy and planning (Time 2), and action control (Time 3).ResultsA latent‐variable structural equation model, controlling for baseline behaviour and habit, revealed significant indirect effects from intention via self‐efficacy and action control and intention via planning and action control, on parental supervision behaviour. The model was a good fit to the data, explaining 74% of the variance in parents’ supervising behaviour for their children's toothbrushing.ConclusionWhile national recommendations are provided to guide parents in promoting good oral hygiene practices with their children, current results show the importance of going beyond simple knowledge transmission to support parents’ intentions to supervise their children's toothbrushing actually materialize. Current findings make a significant contribution to the cumulative empirical evidence regarding self‐regulatory components in health behaviour change and can inform intervention development to increase parents’ participation in childhood oral hygiene practices, thus helping to curb rising oral health conditions and diseases.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Self‐regulatory skills are important to translate intentions into behaviour.

Self‐efficacy, planning, and action control are key self‐regulatory skills for behaviour change.

What does this study add?

Self‐regulatory skills are needed for parents to supervise their children's toothbrushings.

Self‐efficacy, planning, and action control are important self‐regulatory skills in this context.

Future interventions should map these self‐regulatory predictors onto behaviour change techniques.
Peri‐implant conditions and levels of advanced glycation end products among patients with different glycemic control
Authors: Al‐Sowygh Zeyad H. , Ghani Siti Mariam Ab , Sergis Konstantinos , Vohra Fahim , Akram Zohaib 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundA close relationship between poor glycemic control and peri‐implant break down has been demonstrated. It is hypothesized that levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) are higher with increased glycemic levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.PurposeIn the present study, we examined the clinical and radiographic peri‐implant parameters and levels of AGEs among different glycemic levels in diabetic patients and assessed whether the levels of AGEs correlate with clinical peri‐implant parameters.Materials and MethodsNinety‐three patients who participated in this study were divided into four groups; Group‐1: HbA1c 6.1%‐8%; Group‐2: HbA1c 8.1%‐10%; Group‐3: HbA1c > 10%; Group‐4: non‐diabetic individuals with HbA1c < 6%. Peri‐implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and crestal bone loss (CBL) were recorded. Levels of AGEs in PISF were quantified using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Between‐group comparison of means was verified with Kruskal–Wallis test and Pearson correlation coefficient for correlations of AGE levels with peri‐implant parameters.ResultsPeri‐implant PI, BOP, PD, and CBL were significantly higher in group‐1, −2, and −3 as compared to non‐diabetic patients (P < .05). These parameters were significantly higher in group‐2 and group‐3 versus group‐1 (P < .01). Mean PI, BOP, PD, and CBL were comparable between group‐2 and group‐3 patients (P > .05). Mean levels of AGEs in PISF were significantly higher in relation to higher levels of HbA1c levels. Significant positive correlations were found between AGEs and PD (P = .0221) and CBL (P = .0425); and significant negative correlation was found for PI (P = .0376) in patients with HbA1c levels >10%, respectively.ConclusionsClinical and radiographic peri‐implant parameters were poor and levels of AGEs were significantly high in patients with high glycemic levels. These findings suggest that AGEs may be considered as potential marker of inflammation in diabetic individuals with peri‐implantitis.
Shades of Awareness on the Mechanisms Underlying the Quality of Conscious Representations: A Commentary to Fazekas and Overgaard ()
Authors: Anzulewicz Anna , Wierzchoń Michał 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFazekas and Overgaard () present a novel, multidimensional model that explains different ways in which conscious representations can be degraded. Moreover, the authors discuss possible mechanisms that underlie different kinds of degradation, primarily those related to attentional processing. In this letter, we argue that the proposed mechanisms are not sufficient. We propose that (1) attentional mechanisms work differently at various processing stages; and (2) factors that are independent of attentional ones, such as expectation, previous experience, and context, should be accounted for if we are aiming to construct a comprehensive model of conscious visual perception.
Inferring origins of migrating insects using isoscapes: a case study using the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta, in North America
Authors: HOBSON KEITH A. , DOWARD KYLE , KARDYNAL KEVIN J. , MCNEIL JEREMY N. 
Published: January 2018

1. Many important insect pests undertake seasonal migrations at continental scales in response to changes in resource quality and availability. The frequency and timing of these events could be influenced by the impact of climate change on the suitability of the different sites exploited throughout the year, yet, in many cases, little is known about the origin of seasonal populations, as tracking insect movements is extremely challenging due to their small body size.2. The use of stable isotope measurements in insect tissues combined with the development of tissue‐specific ‘isoscapes’ of modelled geographic isotope patterns presents a potentially valuable but rarely used approach for obtaining such information on important pest species. In this paper it is illustrated how stable hydrogen isotope analyses (δ2H) in wing chitin of the true armyworm (Mythimna (Psuedaletia) unipuncta Haworth), a seasonal migrant, clearly delineated between 2016 spring immigrants and later locally produced moths in southern Ontario, Canada.3. It is shown that adult moths captured in early fall in Texas were immigrants from farther north, the first direct confirmation of a southward return migration of this species. Stable carbon isotope (δ13C) measurements indicated that spring immigrants in Ontario and autumn immigrants in Texas were from exclusively C3 biomes. Stable nitrogen isotope (δ15N) measurements also provided information on the probability of individuals coming from agriculturally intensive (i.e. higher δ15N) sites. Finally, several recommendations are provided regarding future research that could improve the Bayesian assignment models and thus improve assignment accuracy.
Near‐tip stress fields of rough and frictional cracks under mixed‐mode loading
Authors: Spagnoli Andrea , Carpinteri Andrea , Terzano Michele 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe characterisation of the stress fields in proximity of crack tips is a fundamental task in fracture mechanics, providing means for the assessment of the fracture resistance or the crack growth rate. Among several methods available for the computation of the crack‐tip stress intensity factor, an extremely efficient and flexible solution strategy is obtained using the distributed dislocation technique. This method has been successfully applied to several remote loading conditions and cracked geometries and can also take into account the effect of surface friction and roughness through the inclusion of an appropriate interface model. In this paper, we make use of a non‐linear algorithm, which uses dislocations distributed along the crack, to compute the crack‐tip stress intensity factors under remote mixed‐mode stress fields. It is shown that the algorithm can be effectively applied to different geometries, notably to cases where the mode mixity originates from geometrical features, such as in the presence of notches or re‐entrant corners. In particular, the effect of dilatancy is correctly captured with the adopted method, and its consequences are discussed with regard to the onset of unstable crack propagation under monotonic loading.
Fatigue reliability assessment of turbine discs under multi‐source uncertainties
Authors: Zhu S.P. , Liu Q. , Zhou J. , Yu Z.Y. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHot section components of aircraft engines like high pressure turbine (HPT) discs usually operate under complex loadings coupled with multi‐source uncertainties. The effect of these uncertainties on structural response of HPT discs should be accounted for its fatigue life and reliability assessment. In this study, a probabilistic framework for fatigue reliability analysis is established by incorporating FE simulations with Latin hypercube sampling to quantify the influence of material variability and load variations. Particularly, variability in material response is characterized by combining the Chaboche constitutive model with Fatemi‐Socie criterion. Results from fatigue reliability and sensitivity analysis of a HPT disc indicated that dispersions of basic variablesmust be taken into account for its fatigue reliability analysis. Moreover, the proposed framework based on the strength‐damage interference provides more reasonably correlations with its field number of flights rather than the load‐life interference one.
When and Why Do Takeovers Lead to Fraud?
Authors: Byun Hee Sub , Kim Woojin , Lee Eun Jung , Park Kyung Suh 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper develops a model explaining how acquisitions of controlling block ownership can facilitate post‐takeover fraud by new managers when investor protection is poor. Based on disclosures of embezzlement or breach of fiduciary duty in Korean firms, we find that the probability of explicit looting in takeover targets is 13%, almost five times as large as a matched sample of non‐targets. Post‐takeover frauds are primarily driven by transfers of minority blocks, while the corresponding probability in majority acquisitions is statistically indistinguishable from the non‐targets. These findings may explain why minority acquisitions of controlling blocks are popular under poor investor protection.
Abrupt burial imparts persistent changes to the bacterial diversity of turbidite‐associated sediment profiles
Authors: Harrison B. K. , Myrbo A. , Flood B. E. , Bailey J. V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe emplacement of subaqueous gravity‐driven sediment flows imposes a significant physical and geochemical impact on underlying sediment and microbial communities. Although previous studies have established lasting mineralogical and biological signatures of turbidite deposition, the response of bacteria and archaea within and beneath debris flows remains poorly constrained. Both bacterial cells associated with the underlying sediment and those attached to allochthonous material must respond to substantially altered environmental conditions and selective pressures. As a consequence, turbidites and underlying sediments provide an exceptional opportunity to examine (i) the microbial community response to rapid sedimentation and (ii) the preservation and identification of displaced micro‐organisms. We collected Illumina MiSeq sequence libraries across turbidite boundaries at ~26 cm sediment depth in La Jolla Canyon off the coast of California, and at ~50 cm depth in meromictic Twin Lake, Hennepin County, MN. 16S rRNA gene signatures of relict and active bacterial populations exhibit persistent differences attributable to turbidite deposition. In particular, both the marine and lacustrine turbidite boundaries are sharply demarcated by the abundance and diversity of Chloroflexi, suggesting a characteristic sensitivity to sediment disturbance history or to differences in organic substrates across turbidite profiles. Variations in the abundance of putative dissimilatory sulfate‐reducing Deltaproteobacteria across the buried La Jolla Canyon sediment–water interface reflect turbidite‐induced changes to the geochemical environment. Species‐level distinctions within the Deltaproteobacteria clearly conform to the sedimentological boundary, suggesting a continuing impact of genetic inheritance distinguishable from broader trends attributable to selective pressure. Abrupt, <1‐cm scale changes in bacterial diversity across the Twin Lake turbidite contact are consistent with previous studies showing that relict DNA signatures attributable to sediment transport may be more easily preserved in low‐energy, anoxic environments. This work raises the possibility that deep subsurface microbial communities may inherit variations in microbial diversity from sediment flow and deformation events.
From Strategy to Action: Transforming Organizational Goals into Organizational Behavior
Authors: Gagné Marylène 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model to explain and predict how organizational goals are transformed into organizational behavior. Using the theory of action phases as the overarching framework to explain how organizations and employees commit to goals and successfully pursue them, in conjunction with self‐determination theory to explain the development of goal commitment at the individual level, a motivational model of organizational goal pursuit is proposed. This model takes into consideration mission and strategic goal development, organizational‐level implementation intentions in the form of strategic plans and dynamic capabilities, individual goal internalization, and implementation plans at the individual level. These goal phases are proposed to be affected by the attraction, selection, socialization and management of organizational members. The model can serve to develop knowledge in the area of behavioral strategy by integrating motivational considerations into strategic management models.
Organizational Goals: Antecedents, Formation Processes and Implications for Firm Behavior and Performance
Authors: Kotlar Josip , De Massis Alfredo , Wright Mike , Frattini Federico 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe existence of definite organizational goals is a longstanding and central premise in organization and management research, yet a re‐examination of this body of knowledge is timely and long overdue. Many important aspects of organizational goals have received very fragmented attention, and there has been little prior attempt to synthesize and compare the effects of these different goals on firm behavior and performance. The authors present a review of existing theoretical and empirical evidence on organizational goals, and develop an analytical framework emphasizing the variety of organizational goals, their attributes, antecedents and outcomes, the role of context and feedback loops. Drawing on this framework, the authors set out an agenda for further research aimed at advancing current understanding of organizational goals and implications for firm behavior and performance.
Community pharmacists’ views on the regulation of complementary medicines and complementary-medicines practitioners: a qualitative study in New Zealand
Authors: Barnes Joanne , Butler Rachael 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To examine community pharmacists’ perspectives on CMs regulation in New Zealand, where proposals for CMs regulations had recently been suspended and where, currently, CMs are only weakly regulated.

Methods
Qualitative, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with New Zealand practising community pharmacists are identified through purposive and convenience sampling. Data were analysed using a general inductive approach.

Key findings
Participants held mixed views regarding harmonisation of CMs regulations across Australia and NZ; some supported an NZ national regulatory framework for CMs, based on the Australian system. Participants recognised the current CMs regulatory framework in NZ as inadequate, that regulation was required to some extent, and that mandatory regulation was not necessarily required. A key reason given in support of CMs regulations was the need for greater assurances around quality of CMs. Participants also supported a regulatory framework that incorporated assessment of the safety of CMs, but were less convinced of the need for, or feasibility of, requiring evidence of efficacy from clinical trials. Participants believed that regulation of CMs practitioners, such as herbalists, and CMs retailers was important, although there were mixed views as to whether regulation should be statutory or whether self-regulation would be adequate.

Conclusions
On the basis of these findings, pharmacists would be expected to welcome proposals for national regulations for CMs in NZ: such regulations should address concerns regarding product quality, inappropriate health claims and supporting evidence, and therefore should support pharmacists in meeting their obligations under the NZ Pharmacy Council’s Code of Ethics.
Effect of multiple spawning on female reproductive output and offspring quality in a freshwater caridean shrimp with direct development
Authors: Marciano Agustina , Tropea Carolina , López Greco Laura S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe decline with age in components of fitness is variable among different taxa and includes changes in fertility and brood quality. In this study, we selected individuals of Neocaridina davidi, a freshwater shrimp with direct development, to analyze juvenile quality and female reproductive performance over successive spawnings, both of which are correlated with female age. Given the high costs of reproduction in species with direct development, we hypothesized that female reproductive performance and juvenile quality decrease in later spawns. Two experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, we evaluated the reproductive performance of females of N. davidi and the quality of juveniles (through a food restriction test) over the first six successive spawnings. In Experiment 2, we analyzed the lipid and protein contents in juveniles from the third, fourth, and fifth spawns, after feeding them daily or starving them for 8 d or 12 d after hatching. Female mortality was observed throughout Experiment 1, along with a decrease in the proportion of ovigerous females over successive spawns. However, the interval between spawnings and the number and size of newly hatched juveniles were similar among spawns. Moreover, females that spawned many times had a reproductive efficiency similar to those that spawned few times, as evidenced by a similar percentage of broods successfully hatched and a similar percentage of broods with more than 28 juveniles among all spawns. Overall, these results may indicate a partial effect of multiple spawning on female reproductive performance. Growth, survival, and biochemical composition of food‐restricted juveniles showed similar or even higher values in later spawns as compared to the first spawns. This is, to our knowledge, the first empirical demonstration in a decapod crustacean with direct development that, although the percentage of ovigerous females decreases over time, other reproductive variables and juvenile performance do not decline in successive spawnings, at least for the initial six consecutive spawns.
Cationic effect of charge compensation on the sulfide capacity of aluminosilicate slags
Authors: Choi Joon Sung , Park Youngjoo , Lee Sunghee , Min Dong Joon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe effect of CaO on the sulfide capacity of CaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 slags was studied from the viewpoint of the ionic structure of alumina in slag. The aluminum coordination number was analyzed using 27Al 500‐MHz solid nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the results were compared with those of the sulfide capacity analysis. The sulfide capacity of slag, in the peralkaline region (), exhibited a linear relationship with respect to basicity () as excess free Ca2+ formed a 4‐coordinated aluminum unit structure ([IV]Al; ) and stabilized the sulfide ions (). However, sulfide capacity in the peraluminous region () exhibited a nonlinear relationship with respect to basicity () owing to the structure of higher‐coordinated aluminum units ([V]Al, [VI]Al; Al3+) and the relative lack of Ca2+. Therefore, the sulfide capacity of high Al2O3‐bearing slags strongly depended on the basicity () and stability of sulfide ions (), which depended on the competitive behavior of Ca2+ owing to the structural changes in Al2O3. The effect of the aluminum coordination number on the sulfide capacity was discussed in detail using an analysis of the slag structure and thermodynamics model.