bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing an Inpatient Pediatric Prospective Audit and Feedback Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Within a Larger Medical Center
Authors: Lighter-Fisher Jennifer , Desai Sonya , Stachel Anna , Pham Vinh Philip , Klejmont Liana , Dubrovskaya Yanina 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:
Pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) within larger institutions have unique opportunities to develop programs specialized to the needs of the pediatric program. In January 2013, our institution established a formalized pediatric ASP utilizing the prospective audit and feedback process. In an effort to standardize therapy and improve quality of care, members of the ASP developed evidence-based guidelines for management of common inpatient pediatric infections. ASP members met periodically with faculty and house staff to discuss guidelines and ways to improve prescribing.

METHODS:
Provider adherence with clinical inpatient practice guidelines, frequency of interventions suggested by ASP, and acceptance of interventions by providers were elements used to measure process change. We measured outcome data by analyzing antimicrobial utilization (defined as days of therapy) and length of therapy.

RESULTS:
Over a period of 2 years, institutional ASP guidelines were applicable to nearly half (44%) of all antimicrobial orders. Interventions were performed on 30% of all antimicrobial orders, of which 89% were accepted. Total antimicrobial days of therapy and length of therapy decreased significantly when comparing pre- and post-ASP. Overall, the susceptibility profiles of common bacterial pathogens to antibiotics remained stable.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pediatric ASPs within larger institutions have opportunities to create programs specific to the needs of the population they serve. We observed high rates of adherence by providers and a subsequent reduction in antibiotic utilization when implementing an audit feedback-based process.
Implementation of a Communication Bundle for High-Risk Patients
Authors: Parker Michelle W. , Carroll Matthew , Bolser Benjamin , Ballinger Janelle , Brewington John , Campanella Suzanne , Davis-Sandfoss Andrew , Tucker Karen , Brady Patrick W. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:
Interventions that facilitate early identification and management of hospitalized pediatric patients who are at risk for deterioration are associated with decreased mortality. In our large pediatric hospital with a history of success in decreasing unrecognized deterioration, patients at higher risk of deterioration are termed “watchers.” Because communication errors often contribute to unrecognized deterioration, clear and timely communication of watcher status to all team members and contingency planning was desired.

OBJECTIVES:
Increase the percentage of eligible watchers with a complete communication, teamwork, and planning bundle within 2 hours of identification from 28% to 80%.

METHODS:
Watchers admitted to Hospital Medicine on 2 targeted units were eligible. Stakeholders were educated to facilitate ownership. Daily data analysis enabled real-time failure identification. Automated physician notification provided reminders for timely communication.

RESULTS:
The percentage of watchers with a complete situation awareness bundle within 2 hours increased from 28% to 81% and was sustained for more than 2 years. There was no change in rates of rapid response team calls or ICU transfers on our intervention units, but these both increased throughout the hospital. Education facilitated modest improvement, with marked improvements and sustainment through use of technology.

CONCLUSIONS:
A novel bundle that included contingency planning and communication expectations was created to improve situation awareness for watchers. Multidisciplinary engagement and use of automated technology facilitated by an electronic health record helped implement and sustain bundle adherence.
Detection of Acute Gastroenteritis Etiology in Hospitalized Young Children: Associated Factors and Outcomes
Authors: Pinto Jamie M. , Petrova Anna 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:
The decision to test for the etiology of diarrhea is a challenging question for practicing pediatricians.

METHODS:
The main goal of this retrospective cohort study was to identify factors associated with testing for and diagnosis of rotavirus, Clostridium difficile, or other bacterial infections, as well as the length of stay (LOS) for children with acute gastroenteritis who were hospitalized at a single institution. Patients aged 6 to 60 months with acute diarrhea (&lt;14 days) and no underlying gastrointestinal conditions were included. Data were analyzed by using multivariate logistic and linear regression models.

RESULTS:
Stool testing was performed in 73.1% of the 331 patients studied. The majority were tested for multiple pathogens, including rotavirus (65.9%), C difficile (30.8%), and other bacteria (63.4%), with recovery rates of 33.0%, 9.8%, and 6.7%, respectively. Rotavirus was more often identified in older patients with dehydration and vomiting. Although testing for C difficile was more likely with prolonged diarrhea, no vomiting, and recent antibiotic use, no factors were associated with C difficile recovery. Patients who were diagnosed with C difficile were more likely to receive probiotics than those who received negative test results. LOS was not associated with stool testing or recovery of any tested pathogens.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although children with acute gastroenteritis underwent frequent stool testing for diarrheal etiology, detection of a pathogen was uncommon and not associated with a change in LOS. Experimental research will be needed to make additional conclusions about the efficacy of testing for diarrheal etiology in the inpatient practice of acute pediatric diarrhea.
Association of BMI With Propofol Dosing and Adverse Events in Children With Cancer Undergoing Procedural Sedation
Authors: Rogerson Colin M. , Abulebda Kamal , Hobson Michael J. 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVES:
Obesity increases the risk of complications during pediatric procedural sedation. The risk of being underweight has not been evaluated in this arena. We therefore investigated the association of BMI with sedation dosing and adverse events in children across a range of BMIs.

METHODS:
A total of 1976 patients ages 2 to 21 years old with oncologic diagnoses underwent lumbar punctures and/or bone marrow aspirations. All children received a standard adjunctive dose of ketamine before sedation with propofol. Weight categories were stratified by BMI percentile: underweight &lt;5%, normal weight 5% to 85%, overweight &gt;85%, and obese &gt;95%. Dosing and adverse events (hypoxia, apnea, bradycardia, or hypotension) were reviewed.

RESULTS:
There were no differences in propofol dosing for procedural sedation between patients who were normal weight and underweight. However, children who were overweight and those who were obese used less propofol compared with children who were normal weight (P &lt; .01). Children who were underweight had a higher proportion of adverse events overall relative to those children of normal weight (P &lt; .001). In contrast, there was not an increase in adverse events for patients who were overweight and obese.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children who are overweight and children with obesity who require deep sedation can undergo successful sedation with lower propofol dosing relative to children of a normal weight. This dosing strategy may help to mitigate the risks associated with sedating patients who are obese. Notably, children who were underweight had an increased rate of complications despite receiving an equal amount of sedation compared with patients who were normal weight. This should alert the clinicians to the risks associated with sedating children who are underweight.
Resultados brasileiros no PISA e seus (des)usos
Authors: Santos Araújo Maria de Lourdes Haywanon , Tenório Robinson Moreira 
Published: September 2017

<p>O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em analisar como foram utilizados os resultados do Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes (PISA) no contexto educacional brasileiro. A revisão de literatura permitiu apontar a avaliação como um fator fundamental para a qualificação da educação, elaborar um panorama das pesquisas sobre o PISA no Brasil, além de propiciar discussões sobre a necessidade do uso dos resultados das avaliações em larga escala. A partir da análise documental e de entrevistas semiestruturadas, foi possível não apenas apresentar um estudo sobre o uso dos resultados do PISA no país, mas também estabelecer categorias de usos como o Uso Indevido ou Não Uso, apresentando as possibilidades e dificuldades dessa utilização e o papel dos gestores nesse processo.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Pisa; Uso de Resultados; Avaliação Educacional; Políticas Públicas.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Resultados brasileños en el PISA y sus (des)usos</em></strong></p><p><em>El objetivo de este estudio consistió en analizar cómo se utilizaron los resultados del Programa Internacional de Evaluación de Estudiantes (PISA) en el marco educacional brasileño. La revisión de literatura permitió que la evaluación se considerase como un factor fundamental para la cualificación de la educación y se elaborase un panorama de las investigaciones sobre PISA en Brasil, además de propiciar discusiones sobre la necesidad del uso de los resultados de las evaluaciones en gran escala. A partir del análisis documental y de entrevistas semiestructuradas, se hizo posible no solo presentar un estudio sobre el uso de los resultados de PISA en el país, sino también establecer categorías de usos, como el Uso Indebido o No Uso, presentando las posibilidades y dificultades de dicha utilización y el papel de los gestores en este proceso.</em></p><p><em><strong>Palabras-clave:</strong> PISA; Uso de Resultados; Evaluación Educacional; Políticas Públicas.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Brazilian results in PISA and its (mis)uses</em></strong></p><p><em>The objective of this study was to analyze how the results of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) were used in the Brazilian educational context. The literature review showed that assessment is a fundamental factor for the qualification of education, for elaborating an overview of the PISA studies in Brazil, as well as for promoting discussions about the need to use the results of evaluations on a large scale. Based on the documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews, it was possible not only to present a study on the use of the PISA results in the country but also to establish categories of uses, such as Improper Usage or Lack of Usage, showing the possibilities and difficulties of such use and the administrators’ role in this process.</em></p><p><em><strong>Keywords:</strong> PISA; Use of Results; Educational Assessment; Public Policies.</em></p>
A área de ciências nas avaliações internacionais de larga escala
Authors: Medeiros Lenice , Jaloto Alexandre , Santos André Vitor Fernades dos 
Published: September 2017

<p>O artigo procura abordar os aspectos pedagógicos das avaliações internacionais que contam com a área de Ciências, focalizando especialmente a última edição do Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes (PISA) e o Terceiro Estudo Regional Comparativo e Explicativo (TERCE). São apresentados e discutidos os alicerces conceituais e procedimentais desses estudos e alguns resultados relativos ao desempenho dos estudantes brasileiros. Nesse sentido, problematizam-se os limites e as possibilidades de uso desses dados para a formulação de políticas educacionais que impactam o ensino de Ciências, tais como a Base Nacional Curricular Comum (BNCC) e as avaliações previstas no Plano Nacional da Educação (PNE).</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Avaliação em Larga Escala; Ensino de Ciências; Pisa; Terce.</p><p> </p><p><strong>El área de ciencias en las evaluaciones internacionales de gran escala</strong></p><p>El artículo pretende abordar los aspectos pedagógicos de las evaluaciones internacionales que cuentan con el área de Ciencias, enfocando especialmente la última edición del Programa Internacional de Evaluación de Estudiantes (PISA) y el Tercer Estudio Regional Comparativo y Explicativo (TERCE). Se presentan y discuten las bases conceptuales y procedimentales de estos estudios y algunos resultados relativos al desempeño de los estudiantes brasileños. En este sentido se problematizan los límites y las posibilidades de uso de estos datos para la formulación de políticas educacionales que impactan la enseñanza de Ciencias, como la Base Nacional Curricular Común (BNCC) y las evaluaciones previstas en el Plan Nacional de la Educación (PNE).</p><p><strong>Palabras-clave:</strong> Evaluación en Gran Escala; Enseñanza de Ciencias; Pisa; Terce.</p><p> </p><p><strong>The science field in international large-scale assessments</strong></p><p>This article aims to address the pedagogical aspects of international assessments that include the Science field, focusing especially on the last edition of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Third Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (TERCE). The procedural and conceptual foundations of these studies and some results concerning the performance of Brazilian students are presented and discussed here. Therefore, the limits and the possibilities of using these data for the formulation of educational policies that impact the teaching of sciences, such as the Common National Curricular Base (BNCC) and the assessments provided for in the National Education Plan (PNE) are discussed.</p><p><strong>keywords:</strong> Large-Scale Assessment; Science Education; Pisa; Terce</p>
TOXICITY EFFECTS AND CHALKBROOD INCIDENCE IN HONEY BEE1 COLONIES FED CONTROLLED DOSES OF FUNGICIDES2,3
Authors: Stoner A. , Wilson W. T. 
Published: September 2017

Folpet and a combination with folpet, benomyl, citral, sodium propionate, and sorbic acid were fed or exposed to honey bee, Apis mellifera L., field colonies to: 1) determine their long-term toxic effects on the bees; and 2) to determine if chalkbrood (CB) disease, Ascosphaera apis (Maassen ex Claussen) Olive et Spiltor, is inhibited or controlled by the compounds.
When folpet was fed to honey bee colonies in sucrose syrup, the group fed the highest rate (1000 ppm) never differed significantly (P &gt; 0.05) from the control colonies. There was an equal number of adult bees, an equal amount of sealed brood, and mortality was identical. Analysis indicated significantly (P &lt; 0.05) fewer CB mummies in treatment groups fed 10 or 1000 ppm folpet, but this apparent benefit may have been due to seasonal changes of reduced CB infection that occur in late summer.
Folpet or a combination of folpet, benomyl, citral, sodium propionate, and sorbic acid (1000 ppm each, total 5000 ppm) incorporated into lipid/sucrose extender patties produced no significant (P &gt; 0.05) effect of any kind on colonies to which they were applied, including CB infection. However, when the combination of five fungicides (5000 ppm) was impregnated into beeswax foundation and exposed to honey bee colonies, only a small amount of comb was drawn on the test foundation, indicating a repellent effect. Otherwise, the test foundation had no significant (P &gt; 0.05) effect on the honey bees or the CB infection.
EVALUATION OF VARIOUS INSECTICIDES AND HOME REMEDIES FOR CONTROL OF INDIVIDUAL RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT COLONIES1,2
Authors: Lemke L. A. , Kissam J. B. 
Published: September 2017

Fast-kill drenches of Sevin 80WP, Dursban 4E and Spectracide 2E provided ca. 80 - 90% control of treated colonies for 112 days. The Orthene 75S dust application was as effective as the drenches and easier to use.
Leaded gasoline was the only home remedy tested which provided adequate control; ca. 90% control for 42 days posttreatment. However, it is an illegal application as law specifically restricts its application to soil. Of the slow-kill insecticides, Affirm W002 gave better control of singly treated RIFA colonies over a longer period than did Amdro. Colony relocation after treatment was a problem frequently encountered; the mound fumigant Cleanite caused the highest incidence of colony movement.
TRACHEAL MITE ACARAPIS WOODI (RENNIE) (ACARI: TARSONEMIDAE) INFESTATIONS IN THE HONEY BEE, APIS MELLIFERA L. (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) IN TAMAULIPAS, MEXICO
Authors: Lozano L. G. , Moffett J. O. , Campos P. B. , Guillen M. M. , Perez E. O. N. , Maki D. L. , Wilson W. T. 
Published: September 2017

In a 1986 survey taken in northeastern Mexico, 44% of the 6,200 honey bees, Apis mellifera L., examined were infested with tracheal mites, Acarapis woodi (Rennie). Mites were found in 80% of the 310 colony samples of 20 bees each. These samples were taken monthly from 10 colonies in each of three apiaries located from 130 to 230 km apart in the state of Tamaulipas.
Infestation levels varied greatly among apiaries, months, and between samples. Monthly infestations in individual bees ranged from a low of 2% in the Hidalgo apiary in August to a high of 97% in February in the Aldama apiary. The average infestation was 11% of the bees in the Hidalgo apiary, 35% in the Ciudad Mante apiary, and 71% in the Aldama apiary. Mite populations tended to decline in late spring and summer.
There was a significant correlation (r = 0.91, p &lt; 0.01) between the percentage of bees infested in the apiary and the number of mites in each infested bee. The number of mites per infested bee ranged from an average of 14 for infested bees from the four monthly apiary samples with the lowest percentage of infested bees to 44 mites/infested bee in the four samples with the highest percent of infested bees. The average number of mites per infested bee was 34.2.
The proportion of mites in each life stage varied markedly. Overall, 19% of the 92,392 mites were in the egg stage, 37% were larvae, and 44% were adults. The ratio of males to females was 1:2.43 or 29% males to 71% females.
Both right and left tracheae were equally susceptable to becoming infested, as mites were found in 2,144 right and 2,138 left trachea. Both tracheae were infested in 58% of the bees parasitized with mites. There was also a highly significant correlation (r = 0.98, P &lt; 0.01) between percentage of bees infested in each sample and percentage of infested bees with mites present in both tracheae.
ABIOTIC FACTORS AFFECTING FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF THE SHARPNOSED LEAFHOPPER, SCAPHYTOPIUS MAGDALENSIS (PROVANCHER) (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)1
Authors: Etzel Richard W. , Meyer John R. 
Published: September 2017

Abiotic factors that significantly influence catch of Scaphytopius magdalensis on sticky traps were identified for each leafhopper generation in North Carolina. Regression models were generated to describe these relationships and the models were validated on similar data from nearby sites.
Models generated by 1600 hr. meteorological observations and driven by the mean trap catch for the 1-week study period, exhibit the lowest variation with respect to the mean of the actual trap catch numbers. In all 3 generations, soil temperature at 7.6 cm depth is highly significant and positively correlated with leafhopper trap catch. Air temperature at 7.6 cm height and soil temperature at 2.5 cm depth are also positively correlated to trap catch, but these are significant only in the first generation. In the second generation relative humidity is highly significant; it exhibits a slight negative correlation when considered alone and a positive correlation when analyzed in conjunction with soil temperature (7.6 cm). Air temperature (7.6 cm) shows a significant negative correlation with trap catch in the third generation. In several cases, validation models exhibit more variation than that present from the observed trap catch numbers, which may be due to low leafhopper densities in the validation study sites.
MORTALITY OF FALL ARMYWORM, SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) EGGS, LARVAE AND ADULTS EXPOSED TO SEVERAL INSECTICIDES ON COTTON
Authors: Mink J. S. , Luttrell R. G. 
Published: September 2017

Mortality of eggs, first, third, and fifth instars and adults of fall army worm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), after exposure to several insecticides on cotton indicated that the FAW is susceptible to most insecticides currently used to control Heliothis spp. Most insecticides tested exhibited ovicidal activity. High mortality of first instar larvae was observed for most treatments, including the biological insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner). More variation in mortality among treatments was observed in third and fifth instars than in first instars. Pyrethroid, carbamate, and organophosphorous insecticides resulted in higher mortality than did B. thuringiensis. Diflubenzuron, an insect growth regulator, was as effective as commonly used insecticides against third and fifth instar larvae when mortality was observed at pupation.
Third instar FAW placed on plant tissue from the upper section of cotton plants sprayed in field situations suffered higher mortality than those placed on plant tissue from lower sections in the plant canopy. Inadequate deposition of insecticide in the lower portions of the cotton plant appears to be a limiting factor in control of FAW larvae on cotton.
Editorial
Authors: Fiorentini Dario , Dassie Bruno Alves 
Published: September 2017

Este é o segundo número do volume 25 da revista Zetetiké, relativo ao ano de 2017. Publicamos oito (8) artigos que foram produzidos por 10 autores brasileiros e um de Portugal. Iniciamos com três artigos sobre história da educação matemática e seguimos com dois sobre representações, um sobre práticas de ensinar e aprender estatística em sala de aula na perspectiva da modelagem e, por fim, outros dois trabalhos sobre formação de professores que ensinam matemática.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in desaturases genes – effect on docosahexaenoic acid levels in maternal and fetal tissues and early development of the child.
Authors: Malinowska Malwina Anna , Wiśniewski Oskar Wojciech , Warchoł Magdalena 
Published: September 2017

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) beneficially affect an optimal fetal growth and development right after birth. This effect is particularly significant for the growth and maturation of brain. Therefore, an appropriate maternal regimens for PUFAs supplementation, during pregnancy and lactation, may influence birth outcome and infant health. Recently, it has been shown that genetic profile is an another factor determining long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) composition in human tissues. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fatty desaturase 1 and 2 (FADS1 and FADS2) modify endogenous synthesis of PUFAs indicating that PUFAs blood concentration may depend on genetic background. What is more, a number of studies indicate that maternal FADS gene variants by their influence on LC-PUFAs synthesis are associated with child’s health right after birth as well as within first years of life. Determining individual dietary recommendations for clinical practice can be beneficial for both mother and the child.