bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative adverse events associated with extremely preterm cesarean deliveries
Authors: Bertholdt Charline , Menard Sophie , Delorme Pierre , Lamau Marie‐Charlotte , Goffinet François , Le Ray Camille 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionAt the same time as survival is increasing among premature babies born before 26 weeks of gestation, the rates of cesarean deliveries before 26 weeks is also rising. Our purpose was to compare the frequency of intraoperative adverse events during cesarean deliveries in two gestational age groups: 24–25 weeks and 26–27 weeks.Material and methodsThis single‐center retrospective cohort study included all women with cesarean deliveries performed before 28+0 weeks from 2007 through 2015. It compared the frequency of intraoperative adverse events between two groups: those at 24–25 weeks of gestation and at 26–27 weeks. Intraoperative adverse events were a classical incision, transplacental incision, difficulty in fetal extraction (explicitly mentioned in the surgical report), postpartum hemorrhage (≥500 mL of blood loss), and injury to internal organs. A composite outcome including at least one of these events enabled us to analyze the risk factors for intraoperative adverse events with univariate and multivariable analysis. Stratified analyses by the indication for the cesarean were performed.ResultsWe compared 74 cesarean deliveries at 24–25 weeks of gestation and 214 at 26–27 weeks. Intraoperative adverse events occurred at higher rates in the 24–25‐week group (63.5 vs. 30.8%, p < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, this group remained at significantly higher risk of intraoperative adverse events [adjusted odds ratio 5.04 (2.67–9.50)], even after stratification by indication for the cesarean.ConclusionThese results should help obstetricians and women making decisions about cesarean deliveries at these extremely low gestational ages.
Low semen quality and experiences of masculinity and family building
Authors: Sylvest Randi , Fürbringer Jeanette K. , Pinborg Anja , Koert Emily , Bogstad Jeanette , Loessl Kristine , Praetorius Lisbeth , Schmidt Lone 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionInfertility is a concern for men and women. There is limited knowledge on how male factor infertility affects the couple in fertility treatment. The aim of this study was to explore how severe male factor infertility affects men's sense of masculinity, the couple's relationship and intentions about family formation.Material and methodsSemi‐structured qualitative interview study at the Fertility Clinic at Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark. Ten men with very poor semen quality initiating fertility treatment were interviewed between November 2014 and May 2015. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified: “Threatened masculinity”, “Being the strong one: impact on the couple” and “Consideration of family building options: a chapter not willing to start”. The men felt that they could not fulfill their role as a man. Some couples had conflicts and discussions because the women in general wanted to talk more about infertility than the men. The men focused on having a biological child. They wanted to focus on achieving biological parenthood and postpone consideration of other family building options such as adoption or the use of semen donation in order to become a parent.ConclusionsThe consequence of severe male factor infertility was a threatened sense of masculinity. Fertility specialists and nurses should recognize the impact of male infertility and create space to give their patients an opportunity to verbalize their concerns and questions related to male factor infertility and the different challenges that the couple faces during the fertility treatment.
The Legacy of Early Abuse and Neglect for Social and Academic Competence From Childhood to Adulthood
Authors: Raby K. Lee , Roisman Glenn I. , Labella Madelyn H. , Martin Jodi , Fraley R. Chris , Simpson Jeffry A. 
Published: January 2018

This study used data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (N = 267) to investigate whether abuse and neglect experiences during the first 5 years of life have fading or enduring consequences for social and academic competence over the next 3 decades of life. Experiencing early abuse and neglect was consistently associated with more interpersonal problems and lower academic achievement from childhood through adulthood (32–34 years). The predictive significance of early abuse and neglect was not attributable to the stability of developmental competence over time, nor to abuse and neglect occurring later in childhood. Early abuse and neglect had enduring associations with social (but not academic) competence after controlling for potential demographic confounds and early sensitive caregiving.
Delayed initial radioiodine therapy related to incomplete response in low‐ to intermediate‐risk differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Ying‐qiang , Wang Chen , Zhang Xin , Li Xin , Lin Yan‐song 
Published: January 2018

SummaryObjectiveWhether the initiating time of radioiodine (RAI) therapy will affect the clinical outcome in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) remains controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of RAI therapy initiating time on response to initial therapy in low‐ to intermediate‐risk DTC.MethodsA total of 235 consecutive patients with low‐ to intermediate‐risk DTC were retrospectively reviewed. According to the time interval between thyroidectomy and RAI therapy, patients were divided into Group 1 (interval < 3 months, n = 187) and Group 2 (interval ≥ 3 months, n = 48). Response to RAI therapy was evaluated as excellent, indeterminate, biochemical incomplete or structural incomplete response (ER, IDR, BIR or SIR) with a median follow‐up of 780 days. The univariate and multivariate analyses were further conducted to identify factors associated with incomplete response (IR, including BIR and SIR).ResultsResponse to initial therapy was significantly different between 2 groups (P < .05), after excluding the impact of other risk factors (age, gender, histological type, status of T and N, RAI dose, thyrotropin, stimulated thyroglobulin and follow‐up time). A significantly higher IR rate (18.8% vs 4.3%, P = .001) and a lower ER proportion (62.5% vs 78.1%, P = .027) were observed in Group 2. By univariate analysis, both T status and N status, stimulated thyroglobulin and time interval were significant risk factors for IR (P < .05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the time interval was an independent risk factor for IR (P = .008).ConclusionsDelayed initial RAI therapy (≥3 months after thyroidectomy) related to incomplete response in low‐ to intermediate‐risk DTC.
Incidence and predictors of sudden cardiac death after heart transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alba Ana C. , Foroutan Farid , Ng Fat Hing Nicholas Kwet Vong , Fan Chun‐Po S. , Manlhiot Cedric , Ross Heather J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeSudden cardiac death (SCD) is an important post‐transplant problem being responsible for ~10% of deaths. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate incidence and predictors of post‐heart transplant SCD and the use of implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD).MethodsCitations were identified in electronic databases and references of included studies. Observational studies on adults reporting on incidence and predictors of post‐transplant SCD and ICD use were selected. We meta‐analyzed SCD in person‐years using random effects models. We qualitatively summarized predictors.ResultsThis study includes 55 studies encompassing 47 901 recipients. The pooled incidence rate of SCD was 1.30 per 100 person‐years (95% CI: 1.08‐1.52). Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) was associated with higher SCD risk (2.40 per 100 patient‐years, 95% CI: 1.46‐3.34). Independent predictors of SCD identified by two moderate‐quality studies were older donor age, younger recipient age, non‐Caucasian race, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, rejection, infection, and cancer. Authors rarely reported on ICD use.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis found that post‐transplant SCD risk in heart transplant recipients is higher than that in the general population. CAV was associated with increased SCD risk. Observational studies reporting on absolute risk of SCD are needed to better identify populations at a clinically significant increased risk.
A Preclinical Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Anti‐CD20/CD3 T‐Cell‐Dependent Bispecific Antibodies
Authors: Ferl Gregory Z. , Reyes Arthur , Sun Liping L. , Cheu Melissa , Oldendorp Amy , Ramanujan Saroja , Stefanich Eric G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCD20 is a cell‐surface receptor expressed by healthy and neoplastic B cells and is a well‐established target for biologics used to treat B‐cell malignancies. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data for the anti‐CD20/CD3 T‐cell‐dependent bispecific antibody BTCT4465A were collected in transgenic mouse and nonhuman primate (NHP) studies. Pronounced nonlinearity in drug elimination was observed in the murine studies, and time‐varying, nonlinear PK was observed in NHPs, where three empirical drug elimination terms were identified using a mixed‐effects modeling approach: i) a constant nonsaturable linear clearance term (7 mL/day/kg); ii) a rapidly decaying time‐varying, linear clearance term (t½ = 1.6 h); and iii) a slowly decaying time‐varying, nonlinear clearance term (t½ = 4.8 days). The two time‐varying drug elimination terms approximately track with time scales of B‐cell depletion and T‐cell migration/expansion within the central blood compartment. The mixed‐effects NHP model was scaled to human and prospective clinical simulations were generated.
Late Cretaceous marine arthropods relied on terrestrial organic matter as a food source: Geochemical evidence from the Coon Creek Lagerstätte in the Mississippi Embayment
Authors: Vrazo M. B. , Diefendorf A. F. , Crowley B. E. , Czaja A. D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Upper Cretaceous Coon Creek Lagerstätte of Tennessee, USA, is known for its extremely well‐preserved mollusks and decapod crustaceans. However, the depositional environment of this unit, particularly its distance to the shoreline, has long been equivocal. To better constrain the coastal proximity of the Coon Creek Formation, we carried out a multiproxy geochemical analysis of fossil decapod (crab, mud shrimp) cuticle and associated sediment from the type section. Elemental analysis and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of kerogenized carbon in the crabs and mud shrimp; carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of bulk decapod cuticle yielded similar mean δ13C values for both taxa (−25.1‰ and −26‰, respectively). Sedimentary biomarkers were composed of n‐alkanes from C16 to C36, with the short‐chain n‐alkanes dominating, as well as other biomarkers (pristane, phytane, hopanes). Raman spectra and biomarker thermal maturity indices suggest that the Coon Creek Formation sediments are immature, which supports retention of unaltered, biogenic isotopic signals in the fossil organic carbon remains. Using our isotopic results and published calcium carbonate δ13C values, we modeled carbon isotope values of carbon sources in the Coon Creek Formation, including potential marine (phytoplankton) and terrestrial (plant) dietary sources. Coon Creek Formation decapod δ13C values fall closer to those estimated for terrigenous plants than marine phytoplankton, indicating that these organisms were feeding primarily on terrigenous organic matter. From this model, we infer that the Coon Creek Formation experienced significant terrigenous organic matter input via a freshwater source and thus was deposited in a shallow, nearshore marine environment proximal to the shoreline. This study helps refine the paleoecology of nearshore settings in the Mississippi Embayment during the global climatic shift in the late Campanian–early Maastrichtian and demonstrates for the first time that organic δ13C signatures in exceptionally preserved fossil marine arthropods are a viable proxy for use in paleoenvironmental reconstructions.
Highly dynamic wintering strategies in migratory geese: Coping with environmental change
Authors: Clausen Kevin K. , Madsen Jesper , Cottaar Fred , Kuijken Eckhart , Verscheure Christine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhen and where to move is a fundamental decision to migratory birds, and the fitness‐related costs and benefits of migratory choices make them subject to strong selective forces. Site use and migration routes are outcomes of opportunities in the surrounding landscape, and the optimal migration strategy may be conservative or explorative depending on the variability in the environment occupied by the species. This study applies 25 years of resighting data to examine development in winter migration strategy of pink‐footed geese divided among Denmark, the Netherlands and Belgium, and analyse potential drivers of strategy change as well as individuals’ likelihood to break with migratory tradition. Contrary with the general notion that geese are highly traditional in their winter site use, our results reveal that winter migration strategy is highly dynamic in this species, with an average annual probability of changing strategy of 54%. Strategy was not related to hunting pressure or winter temperature, but could be partly explained by a tracking of food resources in a landscape of rapid land use changes. The probability of individuals changing strategy from year to year varied considerably between birds, and was partly related to sex and age, with young males being the most likely to change. The annual probability of changing wintering strategy increased substantially from ≈40% to ≈60% during the study period, indicating an increasingly explorative behaviour. Our findings demonstrate that individual winter strategies are very flexible and able to change over time, suggesting that phenotypic plasticity and cultural transmission are important drivers of strategy choice in this species. Growing benefits from exploratory behaviours, including the ability to track rapid land use changes, may ultimately result in increased resilience to global change.
Leveraging symbolic capital: the use of blat networks across transnational spaces
Authors: RODGERS PETER , VERSHININA NATALIA , WILLIAMS COLIN C. , THEODORAKOPOULOS NICK 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this article, we contribute to debates on how social networks sustain migrants' entrepreneurial activities. By reporting on 31 interviews with Eastern European migrants in the UK, we provide a critical lens on the tendency to assume that migrants have ready‐made social networks in the host country embedded in co‐ethnic communities. We extend this limited perspective by demonstrating how Eastern European migrants working in the UK transform blat social networks, formulated in the cultural and political contours of Soviet society, in their everyday lived experiences. Our findings highlight not only the monetarization of such networks but also the continuing embedded nature of trust existing within these networks, which cut across transnational spaces. We show how forms of social capital based on Russian language use and legacies of a shared Soviet past, are just as important as the role of ‘co‐ethnics’ and ‘co‐migrants’ in facilitating business development. In doing so, we present a more nuanced understanding of the role that symbolic capital plays in migrant entrepreneurial journeys and its multifaceted nature.
National audit of perinatal HIV infections in the UK, 2006–2013: what lessons can be learnt?
Authors: Peters H , Thorne C , Tookey PA , Byrne L 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate circumstances surrounding perinatal transmissions of HIV (PHIVs) in the UK.MethodsThe National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood conducts comprehensive surveillance of all pregnancies in women diagnosed with HIV infection and their infants in the UK; reports of all HIV‐diagnosed children are also sought, regardless of country of birth. Children with PHIV born in 2006–2013 and reported by 2014 were included in an audit, with additional data collection via telephone interviews with clinicians involved in each case. Contributing factors for each transmission were identified, and cases described according to main likely contributing factor, by maternal diagnosis timing.ResultsA total of 108 PHIVs were identified. Of the 41 (38%) infants whose mothers were diagnosed before delivery, it is probable that most were infected in utero, around 20% intrapartum and 20% through breastfeeding. Timing of transmission was unknown for most children of undiagnosed mothers. For infants born to diagnosed women, the most common contributing factors for transmission were difficulties with engagement and/or antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in pregnancy (14 of 41) and late antenatal booking (nine of 41); for the 67 children with undiagnosed mothers, these were decline of HIV testing (28 of 67) and seroconversion (23 of 67). Adverse social circumstances around the time of pregnancy were reported for 53% of women, including uncertain immigration status, housing problems and intimate partner violence. Eight children died, all born to undiagnosed mothers.ConclusionsPriority areas requiring improvement include reducing incident infections, improving ART adherence and facilitating better engagement in care, with attention to addressing the health inequalities and adverse social situations faced by these women.
Treatment with low doses of aspirin during chronic phase of experimental Chagas’ disease increases oesophageal nitrergic neuronal subpopulation in mice
Authors: Massocatto Cristina Lorena , Martins Moreira Neide , Muniz Eliane , Marques de Araújo Silvana , Pinge‐filho Phileno , Rossi Robson Marcelo , de Almeida Araújo Eduardo José , de Mello Gonçales Sant'ana Débora 
Published: January 2018

SummaryPatients with Chagas’ disease may develop dysfunctions of oesophageal and colonic motility resulting from the degeneration or loss of the myenteric neurons of the enteric nervous system. Studies have shown that the use of aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), influences the pathogenesis of the disease. However, this remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of treatment with low doses of aspirin during the chronic phase of Chagas’ disease on oesophageal function. Twenty male Swiss mice, 60 days of age, were used. The animals were infected with Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, injected intraperitoneally. Aspirin was given at a dose of 50 mg/kg to some of the infected animals, from the 55th to 63rd day after inoculation on consecutive days, and from the 65th to 75th day on alternate days. We investigated food passage of time, wall structure and nitrergic neuronal population of the distal oesophagus. Our data revealed that the use of low doses of aspirin in chronic Chagas’ disease caused an increase in the number of nitrergic neurons and partially prevented hypertrophy of the oesophagus. In addition, the aspirin administration impeded Chagas' diseases associated changes in intestinal transit time. Thus treatment with aspirin in the chronic phase of Chagas’ disease changes the natural history of the disease and raises the possibility of using it as a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of this aspect of Chagas' disease pathology.
MAIT cells and viruses
Authors: Ussher James E , Willberg Christian B , Klenerman Paul 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMucosal associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) bear a T cell receptor (TCR) that specifically targets microbially derived metabolites. Functionally, they respond to bacteria and yeasts, which possess the riboflavin pathway, essential for production of such metabolites and which are presented on MR1. Viruses cannot generate these ligands, so a priori, they should not be recognized by MAIT cells and indeed this is true when considering recognition through the TCR. However, MAIT cells are distinctive in another respect, since they respond quite sensitively to non‐TCR signals, especially in the form of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, a number of groups have shown that virus infection can be “sensed” by MAIT cells and a functional response invoked. Since MAIT cells are abundant in humans, especially in tissues such as the liver, the question has arisen as to whether this TCR‐independent MAIT cell triggering by viruses plays any role in vivo. In this review, we will discuss the evidence for this phenomenon and some common features which emerge across different recent studies in this area.
Fathers’ experiences with their preterm babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: A multi‐method study
Authors: Stefana Alberto , Padovani Ezio Maria , Biban Paolo , Lavelli Manuela 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate fathers’ emotional experiences of their infant's preterm birth and subsequent stay in neonatal intensive care unit.BackgroundWhen a baby is born preterm, there is also the premature interruption of the process of preparation for fatherhood. As a result, the impact on fathers of the preterm birth can bring negative consequences for the development of father–infant relationship.DesignA multi‐method approach was used which included ethnographic observation, semi‐structured interviews with fathers, a self‐report questionnaire and clinical information between September 2015–March 2017.MethodData were analysed using a mixed‐method: a thematic analysis of data from the interviews and quantitative analyses to detect possible clusters of fathers’ emotional experiences and associations between clusters and fathers’ and/or infants’ characteristics.ResultsTwo clusters were identified. The “fathers‐of‐preterm‐infants” touched their baby as soon as they were given the opportunity and without fear that they would harm their infant. They were struck by their baby's physical appearance. In contrast, the “preterm fathers” preferred not to touch their baby when first given the chance, for fear of breaking/damaging/infecting her/him. They were struck both by the baby's physical appearance and by the technology/equipment around her/him and were afraid that their infant would die. All the “fathers‐of‐preterm‐infants”, but only just over half of the “preterm fathers”, were actively engaged in their infant's care. Clusters were associated with the infant's gestational age.ConclusionFathers of preterm infants should receive personalized support specifically addressed to them and based on the infant's gestational age.