bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel bronchoscope method (saline injection method) for complete extraction of ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst
Authors: Hejazi Mohammad Esmaeil , Tekantapeh Sepideh Tahsini , Hasani Sabah 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionEchinococcus granulosus is an important public health problem in the Mediterranean area. Today's surgery is the principal therapeutic approach for chronic ruptured hydatid cyst removal.ObjectivesIn this paper, a new bronchoscopic method using saline injection is explained as a safe method to remove ruptured pulmonary hydatid cysts. This non‐invasive method has no complications and no need to anesthesia and admission. We hope that this novel bronchoscopic method can be a starting point for future advances in the field of pulmonary hydatid cyst treatment methods.MethodsSaline injection method by bronchoscopy (M. E. Hejazi Method)ResultsWe extracted the entire hydatid cysts of both patients by fiber optic bronchoscopy using saline injection method (M. E. Hejazi Method) for the detachment of underlying membrane from cavity wall.ConclusionsThis bronchoscopic method is minimally invasive, without surgery, anesthesia and hospital admission, the least complication and morbidity as well as is cost benefit in comparison with surgery.
How Popular Music is Exhibited by Museums in Portugal at the Beginning of the Twenty‐First Century: A Case Study
Authors: Cortez Alcina 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPopular music is deeply embedded in the dynamics of the contemporary world by means of its capacity to engender modes of privacy and publicness, to communicate emotion, and to enable us to create connections—and so to work within communities. Museums have traditionally addressed art‐music through the exhibition of musical instruments. But now that the exhibition of popular music has presented new challenges and opportunities worldwide for museum professionals, examining popular music discourses in museums is of the utmost importance in order for it to be meaningfully celebrated as instances of heritage. This paper expands on the representation of Popular Music in museums in Portugal at the beginning of the twenty‐first century by discussing a case study: the exhibition No Tempo do Gira‐Discos: Um Percurso Pela Produção Fonográfica Portuguesa at Museu Nacional da Música, Lisbon, Portugal, in 2007. Two methods of analysis are deployed: interviews with the curators, which revealed insights on their understanding of popular music, and analysis of the exhibition through discourse analysis, specifically through the lens of the analytical concepts genre and register. Although the curators had themselves previously developed insightful and innovative concepts with regard to popular music, discourse analysis reveals how, in this instance, the museum practices were primarily inherited from past traditions, and so failed to convey the meanings previously envisioned by the curators. In order for genuine public engagement with museum exhibitions about music, a collaboration is required between the music studies and museum studies professionals. Only through such a collaboration can it be ensured that those contemporary dynamics are present and meaningful.
Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus sitagliptin, both in combination with metformin, in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 26‐week, open‐label, randomized, active comparator clinical trial
Authors: Zang L. , Liu Y. , Geng J. , Luo Y. , Bian F. , Lv X. , Yang J. , Liu J. , Peng Y. , Li Y. , Sun Y. , Bosch‐Traberg H. , Mu Y. 
Published: April 2016

AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus sitagliptin as add‐on to metformin after 26 weeks of treatment in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis 26‐week open‐label, active comparator trial (NCT02008682) randomized patients (aged 18–80 years) with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin [glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7.0–10.0% (53–86 mmol/mol)] 1 : 1 to once‐daily subcutaneously administered liraglutide 1.8 mg (n = 184) or once‐daily oral sitagliptin 100 mg (n = 184), both as add‐on to metformin. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c from baseline to week 26.ResultsLiraglutide was superior to sitagliptin in reducing HbA1c from baseline [8.1% (65 mmol/mol)] to 26 weeks, as evidenced by estimated mean HbA1c change of −1.65% (−18.07 mmol/mol) versus −0.98% (−10.72 mmol/mol), respectively [estimated treatment difference for liraglutide vs sitagliptin of −0.67% (95% CI −0.86, −0.48) or −7.35 mmol/mol (95% CI −9.43; −5.26); p < 0.0001]. More patients receiving liraglutide (76.5%) than sitagliptin (52.6%) achieved the HbA1c target of <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) at week 26 [odds ratio 3.65 (95% CI 2.18, 6.12); p < 0.0001]. Reductions in fasting plasma glucose, 7‐point self‐measured plasma glucose and body weight were greater with liraglutide than with sitagliptin (p < 0.0001 for all). More patients experienced nausea (14.8% vs 0.5%), diarrhoea (8.2% vs 2.2%) and decreased appetite (10.9% vs 0.5%) with liraglutide than sitagliptin. Two hypoglycaemic episodes were confirmed for liraglutide and one for sitagliptin; none were severe or nocturnal.ConclusionsLiraglutide provided better glycaemic control and greater body weight reduction than sitagliptin when administered as add‐on to metformin. More patients had nausea, diarrhoea and decreased appetite with liraglutide versus sitagliptin.
Cost Management in the Public Sector: Legitimation Behaviour and Relevant Decision Making
Authors: Mättö Toni , Sippola Kari 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a case study where a cost management project was implemented using action research methodology at two Finnish organizations working in a purchaser–provider relationship. While the study demonstrates the efficiency‐seeking motive behind the implementation of the management accounting tool, subsequent investigation found that tool remained partly unused despite showing its potential relevance for practice through user involvement. However, this does not necessarily signal legitimation‐seeking behaviour. Reasons for not using some parts of the tool point to an overestimation of the functionality and an underestimation of implementation problems during the design process. The case also highlights the relationship between relevance and decision making.
On the fatigue behaviour of quenched and tempered at 300 and 600 °C SAE 1045 steel in an environment of sugar cane juice
Authors: Muñoz Cubillos J. , Rodríguez S.A. , Coronado J.J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSAE 1045 steel is widely used for manufacturing shafts in the sugar cane mills of the sugar industry. These shafts are designed with an expectation of a long lifetime. However, fatigue failures occur frequently. The sugar cane juice processed in these mills has corrosive properties that can alter the fatigue life of these shafts. In this research, the fatigue strength of SAE 1045 steel between 1 × 104and 2 × 105cycles in air and in sugar cane juice, with two different microstructures (tempered martensite at 300 °C and tempered martensite at 600 °C), was determined in rotating bending. The microstructure of the materials was characterized using optical microscopy, and the fracture surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the fatigue strength at 2 × 105cycles for the tempered condition at 600 °C decreases 7% because of the sugar cane juice effect, and for the tempered condition at 300 °C, the fatigue strength decreases 15%.
Vascular refilling is independent of volume overload in hemodialysis with moderate ultrafiltration requirements
Authors: Kron Susanne , Schneditz Daniel , Leimbach Til , Aign Sabine , Kron Joachim 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroduction Blood volume changes and vascular refilling during hemodialysis (HD) and ultrafiltration (UF) have been assumed to depend on volume overload (Vo). It was the aim to study the magnitude of vascular refilling in stable HD patients with moderate volume expansion in everyday dialysis using novel technical approaches. Methods Patients were studied during routine dialysis and UF based on clinical dry weight assessment. Pre‐dialysis Vo was independently measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy. Vascular refilling volume (Vref) was calculated as: Vref = Vuf − ΔV, where ΔV is the absolute blood volume change determined by on‐line dialysate dilution using a commercial on‐line hemodiafiltration machine incorporating a relative blood volume monitor, and where Vuf is the prescribed UF volume. Findings Thirty patients (dry weight: 81.0 ± 17.8 kg) were studied. Pre‐dialysis Vo was 2.46 ± 1.45 L. Vuf was 2.27 ± 0.71 L, specific UF rate was 6.45 ± 2.43 mL/kg/h, and since ΔV was 0.66 ± 0.31 L, Vref was determined as 1.61 ± 0.58 L, corresponding to a constant refilling fraction (Fref) of 70.6 ± 10.6%. Vref strongly correlated with Vuf (r2 = 0.82) but was independent of Vo and other volumes. Fref was also independent of Vo and other volumes normalized for various measures of body size. Discussion While vascular refilling and Fref is independent of Vo in treatments with moderate UF requirements, intravascular volume depletion increases with increasing UF requirements. The relationship between blood volume and Vo needs to be more closely examined in further studies to optimize volume control in everyday dialysis.
L‐carnitine prevents metabolic steatohepatitis in obese diabetic KK‐Ay mice
Authors: Kon Kazuyoshi , Ikejima Kenichi , Morinaga Maki , Kusama Hiromi , Arai Kumiko , Aoyama Tomonori , Uchiyama Akira , Yamashina Shunhei , Watanabe Sumio 
Published: April 2016

AimPharmacological treatment for metabolic syndrome‐related non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis has not been established. We investigated the effect of L‐carnitine, an essential substance for β‐oxidation, on metabolic steatohepatitis in mice.MethodsMale KK‐Ay mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, with supplementation of L‐carnitine (1.25 mg/mL) in drinking water for the latter 4 weeks.ResultsSerum total carnitine levels were decreased following HFD feeding, whereas the levels were reversed almost completely by L‐carnitine supplementation. In mice given L‐carnitine, exacerbation of hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte apoptosis was markedly prevented even though HFD feeding was continued. Body weight gain, as well as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia, following HFD feeding were also significantly prevented in mice given L‐carnitine. High‐fat diet feeding elevated hepatic expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A mRNA; however, production of β‐hydroxybutyrate in the liver was not affected by HFD alone. In contrast, L‐carnitine treatment significantly increased hepatic β‐hydroxybutyrate contents in HFD‐fed mice. L‐carnitine also blunted HFD induction in sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c mRNA in the liver. Furthermore, L‐carnitine inhibited HFD‐induced serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate‐1 in the liver. L‐carnitine decreased hepatic free fatty acid content in 1 week, with morphological improvement of swollen mitochondria in hepatocytes, and increases in hepatic adenosine 5’‐triphosphate content.ConclusionsL‐carnitine ameliorates steatohepatitis in KK‐Ay mice fed an HFD, most likely through facilitating mitochondrial β‐oxidation, normalizing insulin signals, and inhibiting de novo lipogenesis in the liver. It is therefore postulated that supplementation of L‐carnitine is a promising approach for prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome‐related non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Seasonal variations in dermatologic and dermatopathologic diagnoses: a retrospective 15‐year analysis of dermatopathologic data
Authors: Harvell Jeff D. , Selig Daniel J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundCertain dermatologic conditions are known to show seasonal variations in frequency, the reasons for which are unclear but in some cases may be attributable to changes in ambient weather conditions.ObjectivesThe current study was conducted to determine whether seasonal trends might exist for dermatologic conditions including erythema multiforme, guttate psoriasis, erythema dyschromicum perstans (ashy dermatosis), pityriasis lichenoides, and pityriasis rosea.MethodsData were derived from a 15‐year retrospective review of electronic records from a large dermatopathology laboratory located in the mid‐Atlantic region of theUSA. Numbers of diagnoses per month and “per season” were determined. Pairwise comparisons of seasonal data were made using two‐samplet‐tests with significance set atP≤ 0.05.ResultsPerniosis (chilblains) was significantly more common in winter and spring (P= 0.001). Hand, foot, and mouth disease was statistically more prevalent in summer and autumn (P= 0.028). Erythema multiforme was most common in spring and summer (P= 0.004). Grover's disease was most common in winter and spring (P= 0.000039). Guttate psoriasis was non‐significantly more common in winter and spring (P= 0.076). No statistically significant seasonal variation was found for erythema dyschromicum perstans (P= 0.899), pityriasis rosea (P= 0.727), or pityriasis lichenoides (P= 0.366).ConclusionsThis study found statistically significant seasonal trends for several dermatologic conditions. The study was primarily epidemiologic and was not intended to address histopathologic differences that might underlie the seasonal variations observed. However, further investigation of seasonal differences in the histopathology of erythema multiforme may prove interesting.
Contextualizing Migrants' Strategies of Seeking Medical Care in Russia*
Authors: Demintseva Ekaterina , Kashnitsky Daniel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRussia is an important destination for labour migrants from the former Soviet Union republics especially Central Asian low‐income countries: Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The life of migrants from Central Asia is characterized in Russia by scarce resources and social exclusion. Limited access to healthcare is aggravated by the negative attitudes and discrimination that migrants face when visiting state hospitals and clinics. In our study, we aim to describe the medical infrastructure available to migrants in Moscow. We investigate how migrants use formal and informal strategies to overcome the barriers to their receiving medical care in the urban environment. The study is based on the analysis of qualitative interviews with 60 labour migrants from Central Asian countries and 23 caregivers working in Moscow‐based medical facilities such as state hospitals, outpatient clinics, ambulance stations, and private medical centres including the so‐called Kyrgyz clinics.
Hatching plasticity in the tropical gastropodNerita scabricosta
Authors: Collin Rachel , Roof Karah Erin , Spangler Abby 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHatching plasticity has been documented in diverse terrestrial and freshwater taxa, but in few marine invertebrates. Anecdotal observations over the last 80 years have suggested that intertidal neritid snails may produce encapsulated embryos able to significantly delay hatching. The cause for delays and the cues that trigger hatching are unknown, but temperature, salinity, and wave action have been suggested to play a role. We followed individual egg capsules ofNerita scabricostain 16 tide pools to document the variation in natural time to hatching and to determine if large delays in hatching occur in the field. Hatching occurred after about 30 d and varied significantly among tide pools in the field. Average time to hatching in each pool was not correlated with presence of potential predators, temperature, salinity, or pool size. We also compared hatching time between egg capsules in the field to those kept in the laboratory at a constant temperature in motionless water, and to those kept in the laboratory with sudden daily water motion and temperature changes. There was no significant difference in the hatching rate between the two laboratory treatments, but capsules took, on average, twice as long to hatch in the laboratory as in the field. Observations of developing embryos showed that embryos in the field develop slowly and continuously until hatching, but embryos in the laboratory reach the hatching stage during the first month of development and remain in stasis after that. Instances of hatching plasticity in benthic marine invertebrates, like the one inN. scabricosta, could greatly enhance our ability to investigate the costs and benefits of benthic versus planktonic development, a long‐standing area of interest for invertebrate larval biologists.
Evidence on the validity and reliability of the German, French and Italian nursing home version of the Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care instrument
Authors: Zúñiga Franziska , Schubert Maria , Hamers Jan P.H. , Simon Michael , Schwendimann René , Engberg Sandra , Ausserhofer Dietmar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimTo develop and test psychometrically the Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care for Nursing Homes instrument, providing initial evidence on the validity and reliability of the German, French and Italian‐language versions.BackgroundIn the hospital setting, implicit rationing of nursing care is defined as the withholding of nursing activities due to lack of resources, such as staffing or time. No instrument existed to measure this concept in nursing homes.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsWe developed the instrument in three phases: (1) adaption and translation; (2) content validity testing; and (3) initial validity and reliability testing. For phase 3, we analysed survey data from 4748 care workers collected between May 2012–April 2013 from a randomly selected sample of 162 nursing homes in the German‐, French‐ and Italian‐speaking regions of Switzerland to provide evidence from response processes (e.g. missing), internal structure (exploratory factor analysis), inter‐item inconsistencies (e.g. Cronbach's alpha) and interscorer differences (e.g. within‐group agreement).ResultsExploratory factor analysis revealed a four‐factor structure with good fit statistics. Rationing of nursing care was structured in four domains: (1) activities of daily living; (2) caring, rehabilitation and monitoring; (3) documentation; and (4) social care. Items of the social care subscale showed lower content validity and more missing values than items of other subscales.ConclusionFirst evidence indicates that the new instrument can be recommended for research and practice to measure implicit rationing of nursing care in nursing homes. Further refinements of single items are needed.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment and Atrial Fibrillation: A Need for Definitive Evidence
Authors: NALLIAH CHRISHAN J. , SANDERS PRASHANTHAN , KALMAN JONATHAN M. 
Published: April 2016

Obstructive Sleep Apnea TreatmentPrevalence rates of atrial fibrillation (AF) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are rising on a global scale. Epidemiological data have consistently demonstrated an independent association between the 2 conditions. Investigators pose that pathophysiologic features of OSA enable progression of the AF substrate; these features include abnormalities of gas exchange, autonomic remodeling, atrial stretch, and inflammation. Furthermore, many of the mechanistic perturbations that impact the AF substrate in OSA can be substantially attenuated by effective treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Clear associations of OSA treatment and improved AF control have been observed across multiple clinical contexts. However, the precision and generalizability of these findings are unclear in view of the data's observational nature. Although risk factor management has emerged as a critical component of AF treatment, effective control of many AF risk factors can be challenging in the longer term. In view of the efficacy and sustainability of CPAP therapy, OSA raises its profile as a prime candidate for intervention. However, translation of this strategy to the broader framework for AF management requires robust data from randomized controlled trials.
Impact of Pulmonary Vein Cryoballoon Ablation on Bronchial Injury
Authors: ARYANA ARASH , BOWERS MARK R. , HAYATDAVOUDI SA MAN , ZHANG YANHONG , AFIFY ALAA , D'AVILA ANDRÉ , O'NEILL PADRAIG GEAROID 
Published: April 2016

Pulmonary Vein Cryoablation and Bronchial InjuryIntroductionThere is a paucity of data on the mechanisms of cough and hemoptysis that sometimes ensue from cryoballoon ablation of pulmonary veins (Cryo‐PV). This study specifically examined the impact of ultra‐cold (≤−60 °C, 3 minutes), prolonged (>−55 °C, 6 minutes), and conventional (>−55 °C, 3 minutes) Cryo‐PV on lung/bronchial injury.Methods and ResultsFour healthy adult swine underwent Cryo‐PV. Each animal received Cryo‐PV to the inferior common trunk and the right superior PV. In 2 animals, 1 PV was treated with 2 ultra‐cold (Cryo‐AUltra‐cold) and the other with 2 conventional (Cryo‐AConventional) cryoapplications. In the other 2 animals, 1 PV was ablated using 2 prolonged (Cryo‐BProlonged) and the other with 2 conventional (Cryo‐BConventional) applications. The nadir cryoballoon temperatures were lower in Cryo‐AUltra‐cold versus Cryo‐AConventional (−66 ± 6 °C vs. −45 ± 5 °C; P = 0.001), but did not differ between Cryo‐BProlonged and Cryo‐BConventional (−46 ± 3 °C vs. −49 ± 3 °C; P = 0.123). Post‐ablation bronchoscopy revealed immediate mucosal edema and erythema with/without bleeding in the adjacent bronchi in 100% of Cryo‐AUltra‐cold and 50% of Cryo‐AConventional/Cryo‐BConventional and Cryo‐BProlonged. At 4 hours post‐ablation, there were marked increases in bronchoalveolar macrophages (P <0.001), lymphocytes (P = 0.035) and neutrophils (P = 0.001). Furthermore, Cryo‐AUltra‐cold yielded the largest increase in the macrophage (P = 0.005) and neutrophil (P = 0.034) cell counts. While similar trends were seen in Cryo‐BProlonged, these did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionCryo‐PV can elicit acute bronchial inflammation, bleeding, and mucosal injury. While this was further augmented by ultra‐cold cryoapplications, it was also evident to a lesser degree with prolonged and even conventional cryoapplications. The mechanism for this appears to be direct collateral injury.
The role of TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 pathway in platelet‐rich plasma in retarding intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Yang Huilin , Yuan Chenxi , Wu Chunshen , Qian Jiale , Shi Qing , Li Xuefeng , Zhu Xuesong , Zou Jun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injections are an effective way to retard intervertebral disc degeneration, but the mechanism of action is unclear. Activated platelets release some growth factors, such as transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), which positively modulate the extracellular matrix of nucleus pulposus cells. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying the PRP‐mediated inhibition of intervertebral disc degeneration. In an in vitro study, we found that the proliferation of nucleus pulposus cells was greatly enhanced with 2.5% PRP treatment. The TGF‐β1 concentration was much higher after PRP treatment. PRP administration effectively increased the collagen II, aggrecan and sox‐9 mRNA levels and decreased collagen X levels. However, Western blotting demonstrated that specifically inhibiting TGF‐β1 signalling could significantly prevent nucleus pulpous cellular expression of Smad2/3 and matrix protein. In a rabbit study, magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant recovery signal intensity in the intervertebral discs of the PRP injection group compared with the very low signal intensity in the control groups. Histologically, the PRP plus inhibitor injection group had significantly lower expression levels of Smad2/3 and collagen II than the PRP group. These results demonstrated that a high TGF‐β1 content in the platelets retarded disc degeneration in vitro and in vivo. Inhibiting the TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 pathway could prevent this recovery by inactivating Smad2/3 and down‐regulating the extracellular matrix. Therefore, the TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 pathway might play a critical role in the ability of PRP to retard intervertebral disc degeneration.