bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quark and lepton mass matrices described by charged lepton masses
Authors: Koide Yoshio , Nishiura Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2016

Recently, we proposed a unified mass matrix model for quarks and leptons, in which, mass ratios and mixings of the quarks and neutrinos are described by using only the observed charged lepton mass values as family-number-dependent parameters and only six family-number-independent free parameters. In spite of quite few parameters, the model gives remarkable agreement with observed data (i.e. Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) mixing, Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata (PMNS) mixing and mass ratios). Taking this phenomenological success seriously, we give a formulation of the so-called Yukawaon model in detail from a theoretical aspect, especially for the construction of superpotentials and R charge assignments of fields. The model is considerably modified from the previous one, while the phenomenological success is kept unchanged.
Entity Centric Information Retrieval
Authors: Liu Xitong 
Published: June 2016

In the past decade, the prosperity of the World Wide Web has led to fast explosion of information, and there is a long-standing demand on how to access such a huge volume of information effectively and efficiently. Information Retrieval (IR) aims to tackle the challenge by exploring approaches to obtain relevant information items (e.g., documents) relevant to a given information need (e.g., query) from a huge collection of textual data (e.g., the Web). Named entity (e.g., person, location, product, event, organization) is a type of term compound widely existing in textual data. Recent advances in Information Extraction make it possible to extract entities from large volume of free text efficiently, and the research community are actively exploring whether entities would contribute to the retrieval effectiveness.
In this thesis, we investigate how to leverage entities to improve retrieval in several directions. We start with finding entities with certain semantic relation, which aims at retrieving entities and their associated attributes to meet user's information need directly. This is different from traditional search paradigm in which only documents are retrieved. Entity retrieval is performed by first retrieving a list of documents and then extracting entities from those documents. We propose a novel probabilistic framework which leverages supporting documents as bridge to model the relevance between query and entities and rank entities accordingly.
On the other side, we also explore how to leverage entities to improve effectiveness of ad hoc document retrieval in two directions. The first direction is entity-centric query expansion. We find related entities of query, and perform query expansion using the names and relations of related entities. Significant improvements over several state-of-the-art feedback models could be observed on multiple data collections. Besides, we explore another direction: entity-centric relevance modeling. We propose a novel retrieval approach, i.e., Latent Entity Space (LES), which models the relevance by leveraging entity profiles to represent semantic content of documents and queries. Experimental results over several TREC collections show that LES is effective on capturing latent semantic content and can significantly improve the search accuracy of several state-of-the-art retrieval models for entity-bearing queries.
This thesis presents a series of research efforts on entity centric information retrieval in several directions, and reveals promising potential of entities on improving the retrieval effectiveness. With the fast curation of high-quality knowledge base, more information about entities could be easily accessed and integrated into retrieval models. We hope our work could serve as guideline for future work on leveraging entities to improve information retrieval in more applications.
Stability of Baroclinic Vortices on the β Plane and Implications for Transport
Authors: Rudko M. V. , Kamenkovich I. V. , Nolan D. S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper explores stability of and transport by baroclinic vortices on the β plane using a two-layer, quasigeostrophic model. The study adapts a wave–mean flow formalism and examines interactions between the axisymmetric flow (“the vortex”) and residuals (“the waves”). Unlike baroclinically unstable vortices on the f plane, such vortices on the β plane can be also vulnerable to barotropic instability as revealed by the globally integrated energy balance analysis. The spatial structure of energy fluxes shows the energy leakage inside the vortex core when its breakdown occurs. Mixing by stable and unstable vortical flows is quantified through the computation of finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) maps. Depending on the strength of wave radiation, the upper-layer FTLE maps of stable vortices show either an annulus or volute ring of vigorous mixing inside the vortex interior. This ring region is disrupted when the vortex becomes unstable. Both stable and unstable vortices show the wavy patterns of FTLE in the near and far fields. Despite the fact that the initial vortex resides in the top layer only, significant FTLE patterns are observed in the deep layer at later times. Lagrangian analysis of the vortex-induced change of large-scale tracer gradient demonstrates significant effects of vortex instability in the top layer and the importance of the wavelike anomalies in the bottom layer.
Development and Assessment of the Systematically Merged Pacific Ocean Regional Temperature and Salinity (SPORTS) Climatology for Ocean Heat Content Estimations
Authors: McCaskill Claire , Shay Lynn K. , Brewster Jodi K. , Meyers Patrick C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA Systematically Merged Pacific Ocean Regional Temperature and Salinity (SPORTS) climatology was created to estimate ocean heat content (OHC) for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecasting and other applications. A technique similar to the creation of the Systematically Merged Atlantic Regional Temperature and Salinity (SMARTS) climatology was used to blend temperature and salinity fields from the Generalized Digital Environment Model and World Ocean Atlas 2001 at a 0.25° resolution. The weights for the blending of these two climatologies were estimated by minimizing residual covariances across the basin. Drift velocities associated with eddy variability were accounted for using a series of 3-yr sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) to ensure continuity between the periods of different altimeters. In addition to producing daily estimates of the 20° and 26°C isotherm depths, mixed-layer depth, and OHC, the model produces mapping errors from the optimal interpolation of the SSHA due to gaps in altimeter track coverage and sensor uncertainties.Using SPORTS with satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) and SSHA fields from radar altimetry, daily OHC was estimated from 2000 to 2011 using a 2.5-layer model approach. Argo profiling floats, expendable probes from ships and aircraft, long-term Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) moorings, and drifters provide more than 267 000 quality controlled in situ thermal profiles to assess uncertainty in estimates from SPORTS. This carefully constructed climatology creates an accurate estimation of OHC from satellite-based measurements, which can then be used in TC intensity forecasts in the North Pacific Ocean and analysis of ocean thermodynamics. The SPORTS time and space series extends from 1998 to 2016, forming a 19-yr dataset by the end of 2016.
Using Convection-Allowing Ensembles to Understand the Predictability of an Extreme Rainfall Event
Authors: Nielsen Erik R. , Schumacher Russ S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis research uses convection-allowing ensemble forecasts to address aspects of the predictability of an extreme rainfall event that occurred in south-central Texas on 25 May 2013, which was poorly predicted by operational and experimental numerical models and caused a flash flood in San Antonio that resulted in three fatalities. Most members of the ensemble had large errors in the location and magnitude of the heavy rainfall, but one member approximately reproduced the observed rainfall distribution. On a regional scale a flow-dependent diurnal cycle in ensemble spread growth is observed with large growth associated with afternoon convection, but the growth rate then reduced after convection dissipates the next morning rather than continuing to grow. Experiments that vary the magnitude of the perturbations to the initial and lateral boundary conditions reveal flow dependencies on the scales responsible for the ensemble growth and the degree to which practical (i.e., deficiencies in observing systems and numerical models) and intrinsic predictability limits (i.e., moist convective dynamic error growth) affect a particular convective event. Specifically, it was found that large-scale atmospheric forcing tends to dominate the ensemble spread evolution, but small-scale error growth can be of near-equal importance in certain convective scenarios where interaction across scales is prevalent and essential to the local precipitation processes. In a similar manner, aspects of the “upscale error growth” and “downscale error cascade” conceptual models are seen in the experiments, but neither completely explains the spread characteristics seen in the simulations.
A fixed point theorem for weakly inward A-proper maps and application to a Picard boundary value problem
Authors: Cremins Casey T 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA fixed point theorem for weakly inward A-proper maps defined on cones in Banach spaces is established using a fixed point index for such maps. The result generalizes a theorem in Deimling (Nonlinear Functional Analysis, 1985) for weakly inward maps defined on a cone in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$

R
n

. We then apply the theorem to a Picard boundary value problem and obtain the existence of a positive solution.
3D reconstruction of biological structures: automated procedures for alignment and reconstruction of multiple tilt series in electron tomography
Authors: Phan Sébastien , Boassa Daniela , Nguyen Phuong , Wan Xiaohua , Lanman Jason , Lawrence Albert , Ellisman Mark H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy allows the collection of multiple views of specimens and their computerized three-dimensional reconstruction and analysis with electron tomography. Here we describe development of methods for automated multi-tilt data acquisition, tilt-series processing, and alignment which allow assembly of electron tomographic data from a greater number of tilt series, yielding enhanced data quality and increasing contrast associated with weakly stained structures. This scheme facilitates visualization of nanometer scale details of fine structure in volumes taken from plastic-embedded samples of biological specimens in all dimensions. As heavy metal-contrasted plastic-embedded samples are less sensitive to the overall dose rather than the electron dose rate, an optimal resampling of the reconstruction space can be achieved by accumulating lower dose electron micrographs of the same area over a wider range of specimen orientations. The computerized multiple tilt series collection scheme is implemented together with automated advanced procedures making collection, image alignment, and processing of multi-tilt tomography data a seamless process. We demonstrate high-quality reconstructions from samples of well-described biological structures. These include the giant Mimivirus and clathrin-coated vesicles, imaged in situ in their normal intracellular contexts. Examples are provided from samples of cultured cells prepared by high-pressure freezing and freeze-substitution as well as by chemical fixation before epoxy resin embedding.
Discussions and Communications
Authors: LAMB GEORGE R. 
Published: June 2016

To the Editor: In his paper in the April and July 1942 issues of GEOPHYSICS, Dr. Sharpe gives a very enlightening analytic solution to the problem of the wave motion generated in an elastic medium by application of a pressure of arbitrary form to the interior surface of a spherical cavity. It is very encouraging to find that deductions regarding the relation of the amplitude and frequency of the generated wave to the physicai characteristics of the medium agree so well with empirical operation. A thorough understanding of the explosion process and its accompanying wave phenomena is a prerequisite to the final refinement of the seismograph as a tool of Exploration Geophysics. It is to be hoped that Dr. Sharpe and his colleagues, as well as others, will continue the combined analytic and experimental attack.
Comprehensive Audiometric Analysis of Hearing Impairment and Tinnitus After Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Survivors of Adult-Onset Cancer
Authors: Frisina Robert D. , Wheeler Heather E. , Fossa Sophie D. , Kerns Sarah L. , Fung Chunkit , Sesso Howard D. , Monahan Patrick O. , Feldman Darren R. , Hamilton Robert , Vaughn David J. , Beard Clair J. , Budnick Amy , Johnson Eileen M. , Ardeshir-Rouhani-Fard Shirin , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Lipshultz Steven E. , Dolan M. Eileen , Travis Lois B. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeCisplatin is widely used but highly ototoxic. Effects of cumulative cisplatin dose on hearing loss have not been comprehensively evaluated in survivors of adult-onset cancer.Patients and MethodsComprehensive audiological measures were conducted on 488 North American male germ cell tumor (GCT) survivors in relation to cumulative cisplatin dose, including audiograms (0.25 to 12 kHz), tests of middle ear function, and tinnitus. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association criteria defined hearing loss severity. The geometric mean of hearing thresholds (0.25 to 12 kHz) summarized overall hearing status consistent with audiometric guidelines. Patients were sorted into quartiles of hearing thresholds of age- and sex-matched controls.ResultsIncreasing cumulative cisplatin dose (median, 400 mg/m2; range, 200 to 800 mg/m2) was significantly related to hearing loss at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 kHz (P trends, .021 to < .001): every 100 mg/m2increase resulted in a 3.2-dB impairment in age-adjusted overall hearing threshold (4 to 12 kHz; P < .001). Cumulative cisplatin doses > 300 mg/m2were associated with greater American Speech-Language-Hearing Association–defined hearing loss severity (odds ratio, 1.59; P = .0066) and worse normative-matched quartiles (odds ratio, 1.33; P = .093) compared with smaller doses. Almost one in five (18%) patients had severe to profound hearing loss. Tinnitus (40% patients) was significantly correlated with reduced hearing at each frequency (P < .001). Noise-induced damage (10% patients) was unaffected by cisplatin dose (P = .59). Hypertension was significantly related (P = .0066) to overall hearing threshold (4 to 12 kHz) in age- and cisplatin dose–adjusted analyses. Middle ear deficits occurred in 22.3% of patients but, as expected, were not related to cytotoxic drug dosage.ConclusionFollow-up of adult-onset cancer survivors given cisplatin should include routine inquiry for hearing status and tinnitus, referral to audiologists as clinically indicated, and hypertension control. Patients should be urged to avoid noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, and other factors that further damage hearing.
Simulation-based Education for Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy: A Comparison Between Virtual and Physical Training Models
Authors: Breimer Gerben E. , Haji Faizal A. , Bodani Vivek , Cunningham Melissa S. , Lopez-Rios Adriana-Lucia , Okrainec Allan , Drake James M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The relative educational benefits of virtual reality (VR) and physical simulation models for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) have not been evaluated “head to head.”

OBJECTIVE: To compare and identify the relative utility of a physical and VR ETV simulation model for use in neurosurgical training.

METHODS: Twenty-three neurosurgical residents and 3 fellows performed an ETV on both a physical and VR simulation model. Trainees rated the models using 5-point Likert scales evaluating the domains of anatomy, instrument handling, procedural content, and the overall fidelity of the simulation. Paired t tests were performed for each domain's mean overall score and individual items.

RESULTS: The VR model has relative benefits compared with the physical model with respect to realistic representation of intraventricular anatomy at the foramen of Monro (4.5, standard deviation [SD] = 0.7 vs 4.1, SD = 0.6; P = .04) and the third ventricle floor (4.4, SD = 0.6 vs 4.0, SD = 0.9; P = .03), although the overall anatomy score was similar (4.2, SD = 0.6 vs 4.0, SD = 0.6; P = .11). For overall instrument handling and procedural content, the physical simulator outperformed the VR model (3.7, SD = 0.8 vs 4.5; SD = 0.5, P < .001 and 3.9; SD = 0.8 vs 4.2, SD = 0.6; P = .02, respectively). Overall task fidelity across the 2 simulators was not perceived as significantly different.

CONCLUSION: Simulation model selection should be based on educational objectives. Training focused on learning anatomy or decision-making for anatomic cues may be aided with the VR simulation model. A focus on developing manual dexterity and technical skills using endoscopic equipment in the operating room may be better learned on the physical simulation model.
Assessment of the Minimum Clinically Important Difference in the Timed Up and Go Test After Surgery for Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease
Authors: Gautschi Oliver P. , Stienen Martin N. , Corniola Marco V. , Joswig Holger , Schaller Karl , Hildebrandt Gerhard , Smoll Nicolas R. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG Test) has previously been described as a reliable tool to evaluate objective functional impairment in patients with degenerative disc disease.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) of the TUG Test.

METHODS: The TUG Test (measured in seconds) was correlated with validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) of pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale for back and leg pain), functional impairment (Oswestry Disability Index, Roland Morris Disability Index), and health-related quality of life measures (Short Form-12 and EuroQol 5D). Three established methods were used to establish anchor-based MCID values using responders of the following PROs (Visual Analog Scale back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index, Roland Morris Disability Index, EuroQol 5D index, and Short Form-12 Physical Component Summary) as anchors: (1) average change, (2) minimum detectable change, and (3) change difference approach.

RESULTS: One hundred patients with a mean ± SD age of 56.2 ± 16.1 years, 57 (57%) male, 45 patients undergoing microdiscectomy, 35 undergoing lumbar decompression, and 20 undergoing fusion surgery were studied. The 3 MCID computation methods revealed a range of MCID values according to the PRO used from 0.9 s (Oswestry Disability Index based on the change difference approach) to 6.0 s (EuroQol 5D index based on the minimum detectable change approach), with a mean MCID of 3.4 s for all measured PROs.

CONCLUSION: The MCID for the TUG Test time is highly variable depending on the computation technique used. The average TUG Test MCID was 3.4 s using all 3 methods and all anchors.
Υλοποίηση σχεδίων εργασίας με χρήση τoυ διαδικτύου: Η συμβολή τους στα κίνητρα για μάθηση της Αγγλικής ως ξένης γλώσσας
Authors: ΦΡΑΓΚΟΥΛΗΣ Ιωσήφ , ΤΣΙΠΛΑΚΙΔΗΣ Ιάκωβος 
Published: June 2016

Ενώ σε θεωρητικό επίπεδο υπάρχει πλούσια βιβλιογραφία σχετικά με τη χρήση των σχεδίων εργασίας με τη χρήση του διαδικτύου στη διδασκαλία της αγγλικής ως ξένης γλώσσας, λίγες είναι οι εμπειρικές έρευνες που εστιάζονται σε πρακτικό επίπεδο. Ο σκοπός της εργασίας είναι να γεφυρώσει αυτό το ερευνητικό κενό, εξετάζοντας σε θεωρητικό και κυρίως σε πρακτικό επίπεδο τη συμβολή των σχεδίων εργασίας με χρήση του διαδικτύου σε σχέση με: α) με τα κίνητρα μάθησης μαθητών με χαμηλές επιδόσεις, και β) την επίδοσή τους στο μάθημα της αγγλικής γλώσσας. Υποστηρίζουμε ότι η εκπαιδευτική θεωρία και πράξη πρέπει να συμβαδίζουν, και ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί χρειάζεται να κάνουν χρήση σύγχρονων μεθόδων και τεχνικών διδασκαλίας. Μια τέτοια προσέγγιση έχει θετικά αποτελέσματα στην επαγγελματική ανάπτυξη των εκπαιδευτικών, στην αποτελεσματική αξιοποίηση σύγχρονων διδακτικών μεθόδων και εκπαιδευτικών εργαλείων, στα κίνητρα των μαθητών, και συνεπώς στην επίδοσή τους στο μάθημα της ξένης γλώσσας.
The development of a “virtual patient” case for the continuing professional education of dentists
Authors: Μπάκας Άγγελος , Ε. Κοσιώνη Αναστασία 
Published: June 2016

Ο σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει την ανάπτυξη ενός ηλεκτρονικού «εικονικού ασθενή» για τις ανάγκες της συνεχούς εκπαίδευσης των οδοντιάτρων. Η ανάγκη της συνεχιζόμενης εκπαίδευσης των Επαγγελματιών της Υγείας μετά από τη λήψη του πτυχίου είναι δεδομένη, ενώ παγκόσμια επικρατεί η τάση να θεσμοθετηθεί και ως υποχρεωτική. Η εξέλιξη της Τεχνολογίας της Επικοινωνίας και της Πληροφορίας έδωσε ώθηση στην ανάπτυξη εναλλακτικών <p>εκπαιδευτικών μεθόδων πέραν από τις συμβατικές (συμμετοχή σε συνέδρια, ανάγνωση επιστημονικών εντύπων κ.λπ.). Μία τέτοια εφαρμογή είναι και οι «εικονικοί ασθενείς». Η πιο συνηθισμένη μορφή τους είναι οι ρεαλιστικές αναπαραστάσεις κλινικών καταστάσεων σε ηλεκτρονική μορφή με τις οποίες αλληλεπιδρά ο εκπαιδευόμενος στο χρόνο και στον τόπο που αυτός επιθυμεί. Η επιλογή του περιεχομένου του συγκεκριμένου «περιστατικού» έγινε με βάση τις τρέχουσες επιστημονικές εξελίξεις ενώ το σχεδιασμό επιμελήθηκαν ειδικοί στο αντικείμενο και στην εκπαίδευση από απόσταση. Για την ανάπτυξη του περιστατικού χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τα προγράμματα Vue και OpenLabyrinth και έγινε εμπλουτισμός με κατάλληλο οπτικό υλικό. Ο εκπαιδευόμενος πλοηγείται στο περιστατικό επιλέγοντας μέσα από μία σειρά διαθέσιμων επιλογών/ κλινικών αποφάσεων. Για κάθε επιλογή του λαμβάνει άμεση ανατροφοδότηση, ενώ στο τέλος του περιστατικού λαμβάνει την τελική του αυτοαξιολόγηση με ανασκόπηση της συνολικής του πορείας. Η εφαρμογή περιλάμβανε επίσης αρχική διερευνητική αξιολόγηση, καθώς και τελική αξιολόγηση της προσπάθειας, για την καταγραφή της άποψής των εκπαιδευομένων για την εκπαιδευτική αποτελεσματικότητά του «εικονικού ασθενή».</p>
Οι κοινότητες Πρακτικής ως Υποστηρικτικό Εργαλείο στη βασική εκπαίδευση των εκπαιδευτικών
Authors: Ρουσάκη Φεβρωνία , Κώστας Απόστολος 
Published: June 2016

Στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η διερεύνηση της χρήσης των Κοινοτήτων πρακτικής στην Επαγγελματική Εξέλιξη των εκπαιδευτικών, η οποία να ορίζει τα βασικά στοιχεία ανάπτυξης μιας Διαδικτυακής Κοινότητας Πρακτικής έτσι ώστε να συμβάλλει υποστηρικτικά στη Βασική Εκπαίδευση και στην Επαγγελματική Ανάπτυξη των εκπαιδευτικώ στην Ελλάδα. Δίνεται μια βασική αποσαφήνιση όρων και εννοιών, παρουσιάζονται τα βασικά χαρακτηριστικά επιτυχίας Διαδικτυακών Κοινοτήτων πρακτικής του εξωτερικού και εν συνεχεία παρουσιάζεται η έρευνα, η οποία εστιάζεται στην παρουσίαση ενός θεωρητικού μοντέλου σε εν ενεργεία εκπαιδευτικούς και στην καταγραφή των απόψεων και προθέσεών τους ως προς την πρακτική χρήση του. Η εργασία ολοκληρώνεται με αξιολόγηση των ευρημάτων τα οποία αποτυπώνοουν με σαφήνεια την τρέχουσα πραγματικότητα και αναδεικνύουν τη δυναμική και την χρησιμότητα που τείνουν ν ααποκτήσουν οι Διαδικτυακές Κοινότητες σε μορφές άτυπης μάθησης και επιμόρφωσης εκπαιδευτικών σε περιβάλλον τεχνολογιών του Κοινωνικού Λογισμικού.