bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute and long‐term administration of palmitoylcarnitine induces muscle‐specific insulin resistance in mice
Authors: Liepinsh Edgars , Makrecka‐Kuka Marina , Makarova Elina , Volska Kristine , Vilks Karlis , Sevostjanovs Eduards , Antone Unigunde , Kuka Janis , Vilskersts Reinis , Lola Daina , Loza Einars , Grinberga Solveiga , Dambrova Maija 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAcylcarnitine accumulation has been linked to perturbations in energy metabolism pathways. In this study, we demonstrate that long‐chain (LC) acylcarnitines are active metabolites involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism in vivo. Single‐dose administration of palmitoylcarnitine (PC) in fed mice induced marked insulin insensitivity, decreased glucose uptake in muscles, and elevated blood glucose levels. Increase in the content of LC acylcarnitine induced insulin resistance by impairing Akt phosphorylation at Ser473. The long‐term administration of PC using slow‐release osmotic minipumps induced marked hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance, suggesting that the permanent accumulation of LC acylcarnitines can accelerate the progression of insulin resistance. The decrease of acylcarnitine content significantly improved glucose tolerance in a mouse model of diet‐induced glucose intolerance. In conclusion, we show that the physiological increase in content of acylcarnitines ensures the transition from a fed to fasted state in order to limit glucose metabolism in the fasted state. In the fed state, the inability of insulin to inhibit LC acylcarnitine production induces disturbances in glucose uptake and metabolism. The reduction of acylcarnitine content could be an effective strategy to improve insulin sensitivity. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(5):718–730, 2017
31P NMR of the pyruvate kinase reaction: An undergraduate experiment in enzyme kinetics
Authors: Werner R. Marshall , Johnson Austin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how to perform an enzyme assay is a critical learning skill in the undergraduate biochemistry curriculum. Students in biochemistry typically have been exposed to the use of NMR spectroscopy as a tool to determine chemical structure, but rarely are they exposed to the utility of NMR to evaluate enzyme kinetics. Furthermore, coverage of NMR experiments utilizing “alternative nuclei”, such as 15N, 19F, and 31P may be neglected. Herein we report a simple 31P NMR tube experiment that allows students to examine the enzyme kinetics and equilibrium constant of the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate kinase. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(6):509–514, 2017.
Pyrrolysine Amber Stop‐Codon Suppression: Development and Applications
Authors: Brabham Robin , Fascione Martin A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe pyrrolysine tRNA synthetase‐tRNA pair is probably one of the most promiscuous tRNA–synthetase pairs found in nature, capable of genetically encoding a plethora of noncanonical amino acids through stop codon reassignment. Proteins containing reactive handles, post‐translational modification mimics or both can be produced in practical quantities, allowing inter alia the probing of biological pathways, generating antibody–drug conjugates and enhancing protein function. This Minireview summarises the development of pyrrolysine amber stop‐codon suppression, presents some of the considerations required to utilise this technique to its greatest potential, and showcases the creative ways in which this technique has led to a better understanding of biological systems.
What is the cause of this synchronous palpable abdominal mass in a woman recently diagnosed with lung cancer as demonstrated in Figure 1?
Authors: Feeney Gerard , O'Connell Emer , Flood Mike , Rooney Cyril , Bennani Fadel , Barry Kevin 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageColonic metastases from lung cancer are rare [1, 2]. Presentation of an abdominal mass in the setting of a new lung cancer diagnosis should prompt complete evaluation including endoscopic and CT imaging. This case also highlights the need for immunohistochemical analysis of unusual tumor deposits facilitating appropriate treatment.
Management of a patient with Opalski's syndrome in intensive care unit
Authors: Aynaci Ozer , Gok Funda , Yosunkaya Alper 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageOpalski syndrome is a rare vascular brainstem syndrome which is accepted as a variant of Wallenberg syndrome. Opalski syndrome should be considered in acute conditions in which typical symptoms of lateral medullary infarct are accompanied by ipsilateral hemiparesis. Other brain stem syndromes are distinguished from Opalski syndrome by the presence of contralateral hemiparesis.
Photoinduced Ethylene Polymerization on Titania Nanoparticles
Authors: Barzan Caterina , Mino Lorenzo , Morra Elena , Groppo Elena , Chiesa Mario , Spoto Giuseppe 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHerein, we report on the ability of H2‐photoreduced TiO2 nanoparticles to catalyze the polymerization of ethylene without the use of an alkylating agent. Even more, we demonstrate that the same reaction occurs directly on stoichiometric TiO2 in the presence of ethylene under UV‐light irradiation at room temperature and, thus, without any prereduction step. The synergic use of electron paramagnetic resonance and diffuse reflectance UV/Vis‐near‐IR spectroscopy allowed us to identify and correlate different Ti3+ EPR signals and UV/Vis‐NIR bands, whereas transmission FTIR spectroscopy (applied under in situ UV‐light irradiation) was fundamental to prove ethylene polymerization and to observe ethylene oxidation byproducts. The possibility to polymerize ethylene easily in a one‐step procedure can be a promising approach to increase the compatibility of TiO2 as an inorganic additive for polyethylene blends.
Synthesis of Adenine Nucleosides by Transglycosylation using Two Sequential Nucleoside Phosphorylase‐Based Bioreactors with On‐Line Reaction Monitoring by using HPLC
Authors: Cattaneo Giulia , Rabuffetti Marco , Speranza Giovanna , Kupfer Tom , Peters Benjamin , Massolini Gabriella , Ubiali Daniela , Calleri Enrica 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUridine phosphorylase from Clostridium perfringens (CpUP, EC 2.4.2.3) was immobilized covalently in an aminopropylsilica monolithic column (25 mm×4.6 mm) upon functionalization with glutaraldehyde. Imino bonds that result from the reaction between the enzyme and the support were reduced chemically to afford a 66 % yield (13 mg) determined spectrophotometrically. The CpUP immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) was connected to a silica particle‐based IMER that contained a purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Aeromonas hydrophila (AhPNP, EC 2.4.2.1), which was developed previously and used successfully for the fast synthesis of some purine ribonucleosides by a “one‐enzyme” transglycosylation. CpUP‐IMER and AhPNP‐IMER were connected to a HPLC system by a six‐way switching valve. In this set‐up, the synthesis of 2′‐deoxyadenosine (dAdo, 8), adenosine (Ado, 9), and arabinosyladenine (araA, 10) by a “two‐enzyme” transglycosylation is coupled directly to on‐line reaction monitoring. Under the optimized transglycosylation conditions (2:1 ratio sugar donor/base acceptor; 10 mm phosphate buffer; pH 7.25; temperature 37 °C, flow rate 0.1 mL min−1), defined by a 2(5‐2)III experimental design, the conversion of dAdo and Ado was approximately 90 %, and araA was synthesized in 20 % yield.
Transition Metal Catalyzed, Regioselective B(4)‐Halogenation and B(4,5)‐Diiodination of Cage B−H Bonds in o‐Carboranes
Authors: Lyu Hairong , Quan Yangjian , Xie Zuowei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTransition metal catalyzed, regioselective carborane‐cage B(4)−H iodination, bromination, and chlorination as well as B(4,5)−H diiodination were achieved by using NXS (X=I, Br), FeCl3, or IOAc as the halogenating agent, respectively. A series of previously inaccessible B(4)‐halogenated o‐carboranes were synthesized in a simple one‐pot process, and proved to be valuable synthons for the functionalization of carboranes. Mono‐ and di‐selectivity can be controlled by in situ removal of the carboxy directing group. The resultant 4‐I‐o‐C2B10H11 can serve as a versatile feedstock for the construction of cage B−C(sp2), B−C(sp), B−O, and B−N bonds.
Luminescent Zinc Fingers: Zn‐Responsive Neodymium Near‐Infrared Emission in Water
Authors: Isaac Manon , Raibaut Laurent , Cepeda Céline , Roux Amandine , Boturyn Didier , Eliseeva Svetlana V. , Petoud Stéphane , Sénèque Olivier 
Published: July 2017

AbstractResponsive luminescent probes emitting in the near‐infrared (NIR) are in high demand today for biological applications as they allow for the easy and unambiguous discrimination of autofluorescence. Due to their luminescence properties, lanthanide ions offer an interesting alternative to classical organic fluorescent dyes. This has stimulated the development of lanthanide‐based responsive probes. Nevertheless, responsive probes that can operate in water with NIR‐emitting lanthanide ions are scarce. In this communication, zinc fingers are shown to be versatile scaffolds to elaborate a variety of Zn2+‐responsive probes based on lanthanide emission and featuring desirable properties for the selective detection of Zn2+ in experimental conditions close to cellular. Of special interest is a NIR‐emitting probe relying on Nd3+ emission.
Water‐Mediated Structural Transformations of CuII 5‐Halonicotinates Coordination Networks with Distinct Mechanisms
Authors: Li Cheng‐Peng , Zhou Hang , Ju Yue , Du Miao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Miao Du at Tianjin Normal University. The image depicts the structural transformation of a dynamic coordination network. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201702405.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Domino Arylation/Semipinacol Rearrangement of Allylic Alcohols with Diaryliodonium Salts
Authors: Wu Hua , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed enantioselective arylative semipinacol rearrangement of allylic alcohols was developed. In the presence of a catalytic amount of an in situ generated chiral copper‐bisoxazoline complex, reaction of allylic alcohols with diaryliodonium salts afforded spirocycloalkanones in high yields with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. A two‐point binding model engaging the carbon–carbon double bond and the proximal hydroxyl group was proposed to be responsible for the highly efficient chirality transfer.
Probing the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in gliomas: A phase 2 study of everolimus for recurrent adult low‐grade gliomas
Authors: Wahl Michael , Chang Susan M. , Phillips Joanna J. , Molinaro Annette M. , Costello Joseph F. , Mazor Tali , Alexandrescu Sanda , Lupo Janine M. , Nelson Sarah J. , Berger Mitchel , Prados Michael , Taylor Jennie W. , Butowski Nicholas , Clarke Jennifer L. , Haas‐Kogan Daphne 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDActivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is common in patients with low‐grade gliomas (LGGs), but agents that inhibit this pathway, including mTOR inhibitors, have not been studied in this population.METHODSFifty‐eight patients with pathologic evidence of recurrence after they had initially been diagnosed with World Health Organization (WHO) grade II gliomas were enrolled into a prospective phase 2 clinical trial and received daily everolimus (RAD001) for 1 year or until progression. Tissue at the time of enrollment was analyzed for markers of PI3K/mTOR pathway activation. Thirty‐eight patients underwent serial multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, with the tumor volume and the perfusion metrics (the fractional blood volume [fBV] for capillary density and the transfer coefficient [Kps] for vascular permeability) measured during treatment. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival at 6 months (PFS‐6) in patients with WHO II disease at enrollment.RESULTSFor patients with WHO II gliomas at enrollment, the PFS‐6 rate was 84%, and this met the primary endpoint (P < .001 for an improvement from the historical rate of 17%). Evidence of PI3K/mTOR activation by immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated ribosomal S6Ser240/244 (p‐S6Ser240/244) was associated with worse progression‐free survival (PFS; hazard ratio [HR], 3.03; P = .004) and overall survival (HR, 12.7; P = .01). Tumor perfusion decreased after 6 months (median decrease in fBV, 15%; P = .03; median decrease in Kps, 12%; P = .09), with greater decreases associated with improved PFS (HR for each 10% fBV decrease, 0.71; P = .01; HR for each 10% Kps decrease, 0.82; P = .04).CONCLUSIONSPatients with recurrent LGGs demonstrated a high degree of disease stability during treatment with everolimus. PI3K/mTOR activation, as measured by immunohistochemistry for p‐S6, was associated with a worse prognosis. Tumor vascular changes were observed that were consistent with the antiangiogenic effects of mTOR inhibitors. These results support further study of everolimus for LGGs. Cancer 2017;123:4631‐4639. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Contribution of solid organ transplant recipients to the pediatric non‐hodgkin lymphoma burden in the United States
Authors: Yanik Elizabeth L. , Shiels Meredith S. , Smith Jodi M. , Clarke Christina A. , Lynch Charles F. , Kahn Amy R. , Koch Lori , Pawlish Karen S. , Engels Eric A. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDPediatric solid organ transplant recipients have a 100 to 200 times higher risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) than the general pediatric population. Consequently, transplant‐related NHL may contribute considerably to the pediatric NHL burden in the United States.METHODSA cohort study using a linkage between the US transplant registry and 16 cancer registries was conducted. Cancer incidence rates were calculated for people less than 20 years old in the transplant and general populations. Rates were applied to transplant registry and US census data to estimate pediatric NHL counts for transplant recipients and the general population.RESULTSDuring 1990‐2012, an estimated 22,270 NHLs were diagnosed in US children and adolescents; they included 628 cases diagnosed in transplant recipients. Thus, 2.82% of pediatric NHL diagnoses in the general population (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.45%‐3.19%) occurred in transplant recipients. Among transplant recipients, the most common subtypes were diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL; 64.5% of cases) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL; 8.6%). For DLBCL and BL, transplant recipients contributed 7.62% (95% CI, 6.35%‐8.88%) and 0.87% (95% CI, 0.51%‐1.23%) of diagnoses, respectively. The proportion of NHLs that occurred in transplant recipients was highest among children less than 5 years old (4.46%; 95% CI, 3.24%‐5.69%) and in more recent calendar years (3.73% in 2010‐2012; 95% CI, 2.07%‐5.39%). DLBCL patterns were similar, with transplant recipients contributing 19.78% of cases among children less than 5 years old (95% CI, 12.89%‐26.66%) and 11.4% of cases in 2010‐2012 (95% CI, 5.54%‐17.28%).CONCLUSIONSAmong children and adolescents, solid organ transplant recipients contribute a substantial fraction of NHL diagnoses, particularly DLBCL diagnoses. This fraction has increased over time. Prevention efforts targeted toward this group could reduce the overall pediatric NHL burden. Cancer 2017;123:4663‐4671. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Slicing Diamond for More sp3 Group 14 Allotropes Ranging from Direct Bandgaps to Poor Metals
Authors: Jantke Laura‐Alice , Karttunen Antti J. , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Dr. Thomas F. Fässler, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on New Materials at the Technical University of Munich, Germany, and Prof. Dr. Antti J. Karttunen, Aalto University, Finland. The image shows the basic idea of the computational study mainly deriving novel silicon structures by simply using reconstructed atoms slabs derived from slices of silicon with its standard diamond structure. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201700290.
Multimodality assessment of left ventricular dysfunction in Takayasu arteritis and familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Okada Atsushi , Takahama Hiroyuki , Ogura Masatsune , Morita Yoshiaki , Konma Junichi , Yoshida Shuzo , Makino Shigeki , Takashio Seiji , Amaki Makoto , Ohara Takahiro , Hasegawa Takuya , Sugano Yasuo , Kanzaki Hideaki , Harada‐Shiba Mariko , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue , Yasuda Satoshi , Hanafusa Toshiaki , Anzai Toshihisa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in patients suffering from Takayasu arteritis (TA) has been reported, little is known regarding the development of heart failure in these patients. We report a novel finding of active TA and familial hypercholesterolaemia presenting with severe LV dysfunction through multimodality assessments of LV systolic dysfunction.
Fear of Pain Questionnaire‐9: Brief assessment of pain‐related fear and anxiety
Authors: McNeil D.W. , Kennedy S.G. , Randall C.L. , Addicks S.H. , Wright C.D. , Hursey K.G. , Vaglienti R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundFear and anxiety are important considerations in both acute and chronic pain. Effectively and efficiently measuring fear and anxiety associated with pain in healthcare settings is critical for identifying vulnerable patients. The length and administration time of current measures of pain‐related fear and anxiety inhibit their routine use, as screening tools and otherwise, suggesting the need for a shorter, more efficient instrument.MethodsA 9‐item shortened version of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire –III(FPQ‐III), the Fear of Pain Questionnaire‐9 (FPQ‐9), was developed based upon statistical analyses of archival data from 275 outpatients with chronic pain and 275 undergraduates. Additionally, new data were collected from 100 outpatients with chronic pain and 190 undergraduates to directly compare the standard and short forms. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and other psychometric analyses, were conducted to examine and establish theFPQ‐9 as a reliable and valid instrument.ResultsThe original three‐factor structure of theFPQ‐IIIwas retained in the shortened version; a confirmatory factor analysis produced good model fit (RMSEA = 0.00,CFI = 1.00,TLI = 1.00,SRMR = 0.03). Results suggested a high degree of correlation between the originalFPQ‐IIIand the newFPQ‐9 (r = 0.77,p < 0.001). Measures of internal consistency forFPQ‐9 subscales were high; correlations with other pain and anxiety instruments suggested concurrent, convergent and divergent validity.ConclusionsTheFPQ‐9 is a psychometrically sound alternative to longer instruments assessing fear and anxiety associated with pain, for use in both clinical and research situations that only allow brief screening.SignificanceTheFPQ‐9 has considerable potential for dissemination and utility for routine, brief screening, given its length (completion time ~2 min; scoring time ~1 min), reading level and psychometric properties.
Was it less painful for knights? Influence of appearance on pain perception
Authors: Weeth A. , Mühlberger A. , Shiban Y. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundPain perception is a subjective experience shaped by different factors. In this study, we investigated the influence of a visually manipulated appearance of a virtual arm on pain perception. Specifically, we investigated how pain perception and vegetative skin responses were modified by inducing a virtual protection on the right arm by a virtual armour.MethodsParticipants (n = 32) immersed in virtual reality embodied a virtual arm, which appeared in three different versions (uncovered, neutral or protected). During the virtual reality simulation, the participants received electrical stimulations of varying intensities. Skin conductance level (SCL) was analysed for the phase anticipation (from the moment the arm appeared until the electric stimulation) and perception of pain (after the electric stimulation). Pain ratings were acquired after the painful stimuli occurred.ResultsThe sense of embodiment was positive for the unprotected and neutral condition and lower for the protected than for the neutral arm. Pain ratings were significantly decreased in the protected arm condition compared with both the unprotected arm and the neutral arm conditions. The SCL measurements showed no significant differences for the three arm types.ConclusionsAccording to the pain ratings, participants felt significantly less pain in the covered arm condition compared with the unprotected and the neutral arm condition. Subjective pain perception was decreased by a virtual protection of the arm in VR. The simplicity of the manipulation suggests possible practical uses in pain therapy by strengthening the patients’ own capacities to influence their pain using simple cognitive manipulations via virtual reality.SignificanceA virtual, covered arm causes differences in reported pain ratings. Physiological measurements do not confirm the findings. Visual information about body protection can have an impact on pain perception.
Polymethacrylate‐based monoliths as stationary phases for separation of biopolymers and immobilization of enzymes
Authors: Martinović Tamara , Josić Djuro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe experiences in the production and application of polymethacrylate‐based monolithic supports, since their development almost thirty years ago, are presented. The main driving force for the development of new chromatographic supports was the necessity for the isolation and separation of physiologically active biopolymers and their use for therapeutic purposes. For this sake, a development of a method for fast separation, preventing denaturation and preserving their biological activity was necessary. Development of polysaccharide‐based supports, followed by the introduction of polymer‐based chromatographic media, is shortly described. This development was followed by the advances in monolithic media that are now used for both large‐ and small‐scale separation of biopolymers and nanoparticles. Finally, a short overview is given about the applications of monoliths for sample displacement chromatography, resulting in isolation of physiologically active biomolecules, such as proteins, protein complexes, and nucleic acid, as well as high‐throughput sample preparation for proteomic investigations.
Zinc as an Imaging Biomarker of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lo Su‐Tang , Martins André F. , Jordan Veronica Clavijo , Sherry A. Dean 
Published: July 2017

AbstractZinc has long been the focus of many biological investigations because of its essential role in biology including a catalytic role in many enzymes, a structural role in the many zinc finger proteins, and a physiological role in many secretory cell processes. Divalent zinc is known to be highly abundant in healthy prostate tissues and lower in prostate cancer (PCa). Given the need for newer diagnostic methods for detection of prostate cancer, zinc‐responsive probes of various types have been considered as imaging tools for detecting tissue levels of zinc. Among them, recent zinc‐responsive MRI probes show great promise for non‐invasive detection of zinc ion secretion from the prostate and other tissues in vivo. In this review, we summarize the need for new diagnostic tools and demonstrate how responsive zinc probes and MRI could satisfy this unmet need.