bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental assessment of bio‐based chemicals in early‐stage development: a review of methods and indicators
Authors: Broeren Martijn L.M. , Zijp Michiel C. , Waaijers‐van der Loop Susanne L. , Heugens Evelyn H.W. , Posthuma Leo , Worrell Ernst , Shen Li 
Published: May 2017

AbstractClimate change and fossil resource depletion are driving a transition to a bio‐based economy, for which novel bio‐based chemical processes need to be developed. The environmental performance of the novel bio‐based chemicals should be assessed during their development, when the production process can still be adapted, although data availability is limited. Many environmental assessment methods applicable during product development (‘early‐stage methods’) exist in the literature. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of these early‐stage methods and to evaluate to what extent they are suitable for assessing bio‐based chemicals in their early‐stage development. The paper first describes the characteristics of early‐stage chemical design and the environmental impacts of bio‐based products based on published life cycle assessments. Low data requirements, the inclusion of climate change and energy indicators, and the inclusion of environmental impacts from biomass feedstock production are identified as three good‐practice principles for early‐stage assessment of bio‐based chemicals. In the second step, 27 early‐stage assessment methods are reviewed and categorized based on their scope and environmental indicators used. Finally, the reviewed methods are evaluated using the good‐practice principles. A perfect early‐stage method does not exist. However, choosing the most suitable method(s) based on the goal of an assessment and using complementary indicators leads to the most effective assessment for novel bio‐based chemicals in development. © 2017 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schneidenlagerung von Eisenbahnbrücken
Authors: Troger Manuel , Menge Moritz , Nguyen Viet Tue , Nguyen Duc Tung , Petraschek Thomas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBaumaßnahmen von Bahninfrastrukturbetreibern konzentrieren sich heutzutage im Wesentlichen auf die Erneuerung und Instandsetzung bestehender Anlagen. Insbesondere Brückenbauten werden heute immer häufiger als Ersatzneubau im Zuge einer bestehenden Strecke geplant. Die Errichtung bzw. Erneuerung von Eisenbahnüberführungen im bestehenden Netz stellt meist einen größeren Eingriff in den betrieblichen Ablauf des Bahnverkehrs dar, was vor allem gesamtwirtschaftlich hohe Folgekosten mit sich bringen kann. Folglich ist eine immer wiederkehrende Herausforderung bei der Planung und Umsetzung solcher Ersatzneubauten, den Bahnbetrieb möglichst kurz einzuschränken bzw. zu unterbrechen.Mit Unterstützung der ÖBB Infrastruktur AG wurde eine in diesem Einsatzgebiet alternative Herangehensweise von Schimetta Consult ZT GmbH in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Institut für Betonbau an der TU Graz untersucht. Es handelt sich dabei um Stahlbetonüberbauten, die auf Spundwandunterbauten gelagert sind. Die Untersuchungen beschränken sich auf die Machbarkeitsstudie für kurze Eisenbahnbrücken, die mittels Schneidenlagerung auf Spundwänden gelagert sind.
Expansion strategies for human mesenchymal stromal cells culture under xeno‐free conditions
Authors: Tozetti Patrícia Aparecida , Caruso Samia Rigotto , Mizukami Amanda , Fernandes Taisa Risque , da Silva Fernanda Borges , Traina Fabiola , Covas Dimas Tadeu , Orellana Maristela Delgado , Swiech Kamilla 
Published: May 2017

Choosing the culture system and culture medium used to produce cells are key steps toward a safe, scalable, and cost‐effective expansion bioprocess for cell therapy purposes. The use of AB human serum (AB HS) as an alternative xeno‐free supplement for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) cultivation has increasingly gained relevance due to safety and efficiency aspects. Here we have evaluated different scalable culture systems to produce a meaningful number of umbilical cord matrix‐derived MSC (UCM MSC) using AB HS for culture medium supplementation during expansion and cryopreservation to enable a xeno‐free bioprocess. UCM MSC were cultured in a scalable planar (compact 10‐layer flasks and roller bottles) and 3‐D microcarrier‐based culture systems (spinner flasks and stirred tank bioreactor). Ten layer flasks and roller bottles enabled the production of 2.6 ± 0.6 × 104 and 1.4 ± 0.3 × 104 cells/cm2. UCM MSC‐based microcarrier expansion in the stirred conditions has enabled the production of higher cell densities (5.5–23.0 × 104 cells/cm2) when compared to planar systems. Nevertheless, due to the moderate harvesting efficiency attained, (80% for spinner flasks and 46.6% for bioreactor) the total cell number recovered was lower than expected. Cells maintained the functional properties after expansion in all the culture systems evaluated. The cryopreservation of cells (using AB HS) was also successfully carried out. Establishing scalable xeno‐free expansion processes represents an important step toward a GMP compliant large‐scale production platform for MSC‐based clinical applications. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1358–1367, 2017
1,2,4‐Triazine‐Modified 2′‐Deoxyuridine Triphosphate for Efficient Bioorthogonal Fluorescent Labeling of DNA
Authors: Peewasan Krisana , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn order to establish the Diels–Alder reaction with inverse electron demand for postsynthetic DNA modification, a 1,2,4‐triazine‐modified 2′‐deoxyuridine triphosphate was synthesized. The bioorthogonally reactive 1,2,4‐triazine group was attached at the 5‐position of 2′‐deoxyuridine by a flexible alkyl linker to facilitate its acceptance by DNA polymerases. The screening of four DNA polymerases showed successful primer extensions, using a mixture of dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and the modified 2′‐deoxyuridine triphosphate, by using KOD XL or Vent polymerase. The triazine moiety was stable under the conditions of primer extension, which was evidenced by labeling with a BCN‐modified rhodamine at room temperature in yields of up to 82 %. Two or three modified bases could be incorporated in quantitative yields when the modification sites were separated by three base pairs. These results establish the 1,2,4‐triazene group as a bioorthogonally reactive moiety in DNA, thereby replacing the problematic 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine for postsynthetic labeling by the Diels–Alder reaction with inverse electron demand.
3D Ordered Macroporous Carbon Encapsulated ZnO Nanoparticles as a High‐Performance Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chengwei , Zhang Zheng , Yin Fuxing , Zhang Yongguang , Mentbayeva Almagul , Babaa Moulay‐Rachid , Molkenova Anara , Bakenov Zhumabay 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA one‐step template‐based technique for the fabrication of three dimensionally ordered macroporous carbon (3DOMC) was developed. 3DOMC, prepared using silica crystal as a template and soluble resol as a carbon source, possesses ordered macropores with mesoporous walls. ZnO nanoparticles were deposited on as‐prepared 3DOMC via a simple in situ growth process to form a ZnO/3DOMC anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. In the composite, the ZnO nanoparticles (≈3.9 nm) were well‐dispersed on the walls of 3DOMC. The ZnO/3DOMC anode exhibited an enhanced performance in a lithium battery delivering a specific capacity of 673 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 C (0.1 C=97.8 mA g−1) after 300 cycles. This superior performance was ascribed to the ordered interconnected macropores of 3DOMC which could provide rapid diffusion paths for lithium‐ion diffusion and the electrolyte penetration, and buffer the volume changes of the ZnO nanoparticles upon cycling. Furthermore, the mesoporous structure of the 3DOMC walls could enhance the wettability of the ZnO‐based electrode, further improving its electrochemical performance.
Proteasome as a New Target for Bio‐Inspired Benzo[k,l]xanthene Lignans
Authors: Capolupo Angela , Tosco Alessandra , Mozzicafreddo Matteo , Tringali Corrado , Cardullo Nunzio , Monti Maria Chiara , Casapullo Agostino 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMass spectrometry‐based chemical proteomics is a powerful tool for the target discovery of small molecules. Here, the application of this approach is presented to define the target profile of bio‐inspired synthetic benzo[k,l]xanthene lignans endowed with interesting biological properties. Proteasome has been identified as a new main interactor for this class of compounds. A combination of molecular docking with in vitro and in cell fluorescence assays gave insights on the molecular mechanism of the interaction, highlighting the tendency of these lignans to inhibit the proteasome.
Understanding the Reactivity of Ion‐Encapsulated Fullerenes
Authors: García‐Rodeja Yago , Solà Miquel , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Fernández Israel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe influence of the encapsulation of an ion inside the C60 fullerene cage on its exohedral reactivity was explored by means of DFT calculations. To this end, the Diels–Alder reaction between 1,3‐cyclohexadiene and M@C60 (M=Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+, Al3+, and Cl−) was studied and compared to the analogous process involving the parent C60 fullerene. A significant enhancement of the Diels–Alder reactivity is found for systems having an endohedral cation, whereas a clear decrease in reactivity is observed when an anion is encapsulated in the C60 cage. The origins of this reactivity trend were quantitatively analyzed in detail by using the activation strain model of reactivity in combination with energy decomposition analysis.
Investigation of the Heat Transfer in an Inductively‐Heated Fluidized Bed with Heterogeneous Composition
Authors: Idakiev Vesselin V. , Graner Sebastian , Bück Andreas , Tsotsas Evangelos , Mörl Lothar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDer induktive Energieeintrag stellt eine vielversprechende Methode zur Beheizung von Wirbelschichten dar. Jedoch ist eine direkte Messung der Partikeltemperatur aufgrund der Beeinflussung der Messtechnik durch die elektromagnetische Strahlung nicht möglich. Deshalb wird zur genaueren Beschreibung der Zustände im Reaktionsraum auf ein mathematisches Modell zurückgegriffen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, ein neues Wärmeübergangsmodell vorzustellen, das erstmals sowohl die Berechnung der Gas‐ und Wandtemperatur als auch die Berechnung der Temperatur von leitenden und nichtleitenden Partikeln ermöglicht.
Experimental Study on the Formation of Drops in Continuously Operated Rotor‐Stator‐Machinery
Authors: Clemens Philipp , Piesche Manfred 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRotor‐Stator‐Maschinen zeichnen sich im kontinuierlichen Betrieb durch einen homogenen Leistungseintrag und ein definiertes Verweilzeitspektrum aus. Der Einfluss der Maschinengestalt und die Prozessauslegung im laminaren Strömungsregime wurden bisher wenig betrachtet. Zur Schließung dieser Wissenslücke wurde das Prozessverhalten der genannten Maschinenklasse bei axialer Stromführung in dieser Arbeit systematisch experimentell untersucht, sowie eine energetische Optimierung der Maschinengestalt durchgeführt.
Resource allocation in underlay cognitive radio networks with full‐duplex cognitive base station
Authors: Xu Ding , Li Qun 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThis paper considers an underlay cognitive radio network with a full‐duplex cognitive base station and sets of half‐duplex downlink and uplink secondary users, sharing multiple channels with the primary user. The resource allocation problem to maximize the sum rate of all the secondary users is investigated subject to the transmit power constraints and the interference power constraint. The optimization problem is highly nonconvex, and we jointly use the dual optimization method and the successive convex approximation method to derive resource allocation algorithms to solve the problem. Extensive simulations are shown to verify the performance of the resource allocation algorithms. It is shown that the proposed algorithms achieve much higher sum rate than that of the optimal half‐duplex algorithms and the reference full‐duplex algorithms.
Effect of GLP‐1 and GIP on C‐peptide secretion after glucagon or mixed meal tests: Significance in assessing B‐cell function in diabetes
Authors: Guglielmi C. , Del Toro R. , Lauria A. , Maurizi A.R. , Fallucca S. , Cappelli A. , Angeletti S. , Lachin J.M. , Pozzilli P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate the different B‐cell responses after a glucagon stimulation test (GST) versus mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT).MethodsWe conducted GST and MMTT in 10 healthy people (aged 25‐40 years) and measured C‐peptide, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) at different time points after the administration of 1 mg i.v. glucagon for GST or a liquid mixed meal for MMTT.ResultsThe GST stimulated C‐peptide showed a mean increase of 147.1%, whereas the mean increase of MMTT stimulated C‐peptide was 99.82% (Δincrease = 47.2%). Maximum C‐peptide level reached with the MMTT was greater than that obtained with the GST (C‐pept max MMTT = 2.35 nmol/L vs C‐pep max GST = 1.9 nmol/L). A positive and linear correlation was found between the GST incremental area under the curve C‐peptide and the MMTT incremental area under the curve C‐peptide (r = 0.618, P = .05). After GST, there was no increment of GIP and glucagon like peptide‐1 levels compared to baseline levels. A positive and linear correlation between GIP and C‐peptide levels was observed only for the MMTT (r = 0.922, P = .008) indicating that in the GST, the C‐peptide response is independent of the incretin axis response.ConclusionsAlthough the 2 stimulation tests may elicit a similar response in C‐peptide secretion, B‐cell response to MMTT depends on a functionally normal incretin axis. These results may have implications when investigating the B‐cell response in people with diabetes and for studies in which stimulated C‐peptide secretion is used as primary or secondary outcome for response to therapy.
Using ocean models to predict spatial and temporal variation in marine carbon isotopes
Authors: Magozzi S. , Yool A. , Vander Zanden H. B. , Wunder M. B. , Trueman C. N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNatural‐abundance stable isotope ratios provide a wealth of ecological information relating to food web structure, trophic level, and location. The correct interpretation of stable isotope data requires an understanding of spatial and temporal variation in the isotopic compositions at the base of the food web. In marine pelagic environments, accurate interpretation of stable isotope data is hampered by a lack of reliable, spatio‐temporally distributed measurements of baseline isotopic compositions. In this study, we present a relatively simple, process‐based carbon isotope model that predicts the spatio‐temporal distributions of the carbon isotope composition of phytoplankton (here expressed as δ13CPLK) across the global ocean at one degree and monthly resolution. The model is driven by output from a coupled physics‐biogeochemistry model, NEMO‐MEDUSA, and operates offline; it could also be coupled to alternative underlying ocean model systems. Model validation is challenged by the same lack of spatio‐temporally explicit data that motivates model development, but predictions from our model successfully reproduce major spatial patterns in carbon isotope values observed in zooplankton, and are consistent with simulations from alternative models. Model predictions represent an initial hypothesis of spatial and temporal variation in carbon isotopic baselines in ocean areas where a few data are currently available, and provide the best currently available tool to estimate spatial and temporal variation in baseline isotopic compositions at ocean basin to global scales.
Impacts to ecosystem services from aquatic acidification: using FEGS‐CS to understand the impacts of air pollution
Authors: O'Dea Claire B. , Anderson Sarah , Sullivan Timothy , Landers Dixon , Casey C. Frank 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIncreases in anthropogenic emissions of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) have resulted in increases in the associated atmospheric deposition of acidic compounds. In sensitive watersheds, this deposition has initiated a cascade of negative environmental effects on aquatic ecosystems, resulting in a degradation or loss of valuable ecosystem goods and services. Here, we report the activities of an expert workgroup to synthesize information on acidic deposition‐induced aquatic acidification from the published literature and to link critical load exceedances with ecosystem services and beneficiaries, using the Stressor–Ecological Production function–Final Ecosystem Services (STEPS) Framework and the Final Ecosystem Goods and Services Classification System (FEGS‐CS). Experts identified and documented the sensitive aquatic ecosystem ecological endpoints valued by humans, and the environmental pathways through which these endpoints may experience degradation in response to acidification. Beneficiary groups were then identified for each sensitive ecological endpoint to clarify relationships between humans and the effects of aquatic acidification, and to lay the foundation for future research and analysis to value these FEGS.
Online monitoring of electrocatalytic reactions of alcohols at platinum and gold electrodes in acidic, neutral and alkaline media by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection (EC‐CE‐C4D)
Authors: Ferreira Santos Mauro Sérgio , Silva Lopes Fernando , Gutz Ivano Gebhardt Rolf 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn EC‐CE‐C4D flow system was applied to the investigation of electrocatalytic processes by monitoring carboxylic acids formed during the electro‐oxidation at various potentials of primary alcohols (mixture of 1 mmol/L of ethanol, n‐propanol, n‐butanol and n‐pentanol) in acidic, neutral and alkaline media. The electro‐oxidation was carried out on gold and platinum disk electrodes (3 mm of diameter) in a thin‐layer electrochemical flow cell. Products were sampled 50 μm apart from the electrode directly into the capillary. All the generated carboxylates were determined in near real time (less than 2 min) by CE‐C4D in counter‐flow mode, with Tris/HCl buffer solution (pH 8.6) as BGE. Long sequences of 5‐min experiments were run automatically, exploring the applied potential, electrolysis time and solution composition. Electro‐oxidation at 1.5 V (versus Ag/AgCl quasi‐reference) during 50 s in acidic medium was found appropriate for both Pt and Au electrodes when the determination of alcohols after derivatization is intended. A noteworthy selectivity effect was observed on the Au electrode. The signal corresponding to pentanoate is similar on both electrodes while the signal of ethanoate (acetate) is four times larger on gold than on platinum. The carboxylate signals were lower in alkaline medium (below the determination limit on Pt) than in acidic and neutral media. On gold, the formation of carboxylates was anticipated (0.85 V in alkaline medium versus 1.40 V in neutral medium). The automatic online monitoring of electrochemical processes by EC‐CE‐C4D holds great potential to investigate ionic/ionizable intermediates/products of new electrocatalysts and/or alternative fuels.
Affinity capillary electrophoresis and density functional theory study of noncovalent interactions of cyclic peptide [Gly6]‐antamanide with small cations
Authors: Pangavhane Sachin , Böhm Stanislav , Makrlík Emanuel , Ruzza Paolo , Kašička Václav 
Published: May 2017

ACE and density functional theory were employed to study the noncovalent interactions of cyclic decapeptide glycine‐6‐antamanide ([Gly6]AA), synthetic derivative of native antamanide (AA) peptide from the deadly poisonous fungus Amanita phalloides, with small cations (Li+, Rb+, Cs+, NH4+, and Ca2+) in methanol. The strength of these interactions was quantified by the apparent stability constants of the appropriate complexes determined by ACE. The stability constants were calculated using the nonlinear regression analysis of the dependence of the effective electrophoretic mobility of [Gly6]AA on the concentration of the above ions in the BGE (methanolic solution of 20 mM chloroacetic acid, 10 mM Tris, pHMeOH 7.8, containing 0–70 mM concentrations of the above ions added in the form of chlorides). Prior to stability constant calculation, the effective mobilities measured at actual temperature inside the capillary and at variable ionic strength of the BGEs were corrected to the values corresponding to the reference temperature of 25°C and to the constant ionic strength of 10 mM. From the above ions, Rb+ and Cs+ cations interacted weakly with [Gly6]AA but no interactions of [Gly6]AA with univalent Li+ and NH4+ ions and divalent Ca2+ ion were observed. The apparent stability constants of [Gly6]AA‐Rb+ and [Gly6]AA‐Cs+ complexes were found to be equal to 13 ± 4 and 22 ± 3 L/mol, respectively. The structural characteristics of these complexes, such as position of the Rb+ and Cs+ ions in the cavity of the [Gly6]AA molecule and the interatomic distances within these complexes, were obtained by the density functional theory calculations.
PNES around the world: Where we are now and how we can close the diagnosis and treatment gaps—an ILAE PNES Task Force report
Authors: Kanemoto Kousuke , LaFrance W. Curt , Duncan Roderick , Gigineishvili David , Park Sung‐Pa , Tadokoro Yukari , Ikeda Hiroko , Paul Ravi , Zhou Dong , Taniguchi Go , Kerr Mike , Oshima Tomohiro , Jin Kazutaka , Reuber Markus 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAn international consensus clinical practice statement issued in 2011 ranked psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) among the top three neuropsychiatric problems. An ILAE PNES Task Force was founded and initially charged with summarizing the current state of the art in terms of diagnosis and treatment, resulting in two publications. The first described different levels of diagnostic certainty. The second summarized current knowledge of management approaches. The present paper summarizes an international workshop of the ILAE PNES Task Force that focused on the current understanding and management of PNES around the world. We initially provide a knowledge update about the etiology, epidemiology, and prognosis of PNES—in adults and in special patient groups, such as children, older adults, and those with intellectual disability. We then explore clinical management pathways and obstacles to optimal care for this disorder around the world by focusing on a number of countries with different cultural backgrounds and at very different stages of social and economic development (United Kingdom, U.S.A., Zambia, Georgia, China, and Japan). Although evidence‐based methods for the diagnosis and treatment of PNES have now been described, and much is known about the biopsychosocial underpinnings of this disorder, this paper describes gaps in care (not only in less developed countries) that result in patients with PNES not having adequate access to healthcare provisions. A range of challenges requiring solutions tailored to different healthcare systems emerges. Continued attention to PNES by the ILAE and other national and international neurologic, psychiatric, and health organizations, along with ongoing international collaboration, should ensure that patients with PNES do not lose out as healthcare services evolve around the world.