bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gingerenone A, a polyphenol present in ginger, suppresses obesity and adipose tissue inflammation in high‐fat diet‐fed mice
Authors: Suk Sujin , Kwon Gyoo Taik , Lee Eunjung , Jang Woo Jung , Yang Hee , Kim Jong Hun , Thimmegowda N. R. , Chung Min‐Yu , Kwon Jung Yeon , Yang Seunghee , Kim Jason K. , Park Jung Han Yoon , Lee Ki Won 
Published: May 2017

ScopeGinger exerts protective effects on obesity and its complications. Our objectives here are to identify bioactive compounds that inhibit adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in vitro, elucidate the anti‐obesity effect of gingerenone A (GA) in diet‐induced obesity (DIO), and investigate whether GA affects adipose tissue inflammation (ATI).Methods and resultsOil red O staining showed that GA had the most potent inhibitory effect on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 cells among ginger components tested at a single concentration (40 μM). Consistent with in vitro data, GA attenuates DIO by reducing fat mass in mice. This was accompanied by a modulation of fatty acid metabolism via activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, GA suppressed ATI by inhibiting macrophage recruitment and downregulating pro‐inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionThese results suggest that GA may be used as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of obesity and its complications by suppressing adipose expansion and inflammation.
Computerized detection of leukocytes in microscopic leukorrhea images
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhong Ya , Wang Xiangzhou , Ni Guangming , Du Xiaohui , Liu Juanxiu , Liu Lin , Liu Yong 
Published: May 2017

PurposeDetection of leukocytes is critical for the routine leukorrhea exam, which is widely used in gynecological examinations. An elevated vaginal leukocyte count in women with bacterial vaginosis is a strong predictor of vaginal or cervical infections. In the routine leukorrhea exam, the counting of leukocytes is primarily performed by manual techniques. However, the viewing and counting of leukocytes from multiple high‐power viewing fields on a glass slide under a microscope leads to subjectivity, low efficiency, and low accuracy. To date, many biological cells in stool, blood, and breast cancer have been studied to realize computerized detection; however, the detection of leukocytes in microscopic leukorrhea images has not been studied. Thus, there is an increasing need for computerized detection of leukocytes.MethodsThere are two key processes in the computerized detection of leukocytes in digital image processing. One is segmentation; the other is intelligent classification. In this paper, we propose a combined ensemble to detect leukocytes in the microscopic leukorrhea image. After image segmentation and selecting likely leukocyte subimages, we obtain the leukocyte candidates. Then, for intelligent classification, we adopt two methods: feature extraction and classification by a support vector machine (SVM); applying a modified convolutional neural network (CNN) to the larger subimages. If different methods classify a candidate in the same category, the process is finished. If not, the outputs of the methods are provided to a classifier to further classify the candidate.ResultsAfter acquiring leukocyte candidates, we attempted three methods to perform classification. The first approach using features and SVM achieved 88% sensitivity, 97% specificity, and 92.5% accuracy. The second method using CNN achieved 95% sensitivity, 84% specificity, and 89.5% accuracy. Then, in the combination approach, we achieved 92% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 93.5% accuracy. Finally, the images with marked and counted leukocytes were obtained.ConclusionA novel computerized detection system was developed for automated detection of leukocytes in microscopic images. Different methods resulted in comparable overall qualities by enabling computerized detection of leukocytes. The proposed approach further improved the performance. This preliminary study proves the feasibility of computerized detection of leukocytes in clinical use.
Screening approach for identifying candidate drugs and drug‐drug interactions related to hip fracture risk in persons with Alzheimer disease
Authors: Tolppanen Anna‐Maija , Taipale Heidi , Koponen Marjaana , Tanskanen Antti , Lavikainen Piia , Paananen Jussi , Tiihonen Jari , Hartikainen Sirpa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeTo assess whether a “drugome‐wide” screen with case‐crossover design is a feasible approach for identifying candidate drugs and drug‐drug interactions.MethodsAll community‐dwelling residents of Finland who received a clinically verified Alzheimer disease diagnosis in 2005 to 2011 and experienced incident hip fracture (HF) afterwards (N = 4851). Three scenarios were used to test the sensitivity of this approach (1) hazard period 0 to 30 and control period 31 to 61 days before HF, (2) hazard period 0 to 30 and control period 336 to 366 days before HF, and (3) hazard period 0 to 14 and control period 16 to 30 days before HF.ResultsNine, 44, and 5 drugs were associated with increased HF risk and 8, 23, and 4 with decreased risk in scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Six drugs were identified with scenario 1 only and 54 and 1 with scenarios 2 and 3, respectively. Only six drugs (metoprolol, simvastatin, trimethoprim, codeine combinations, fentanyl, and paracetamol) were associated with HF in all scenarios, four with 1 and 2 (cefalexin, buprenorphine, olanzapine, and memantine), and one with 1 and 3 (enalapril) or 2 and 3 (ciprofloxacin). The direction of associations was the same in all/both scenarios. The interaction results were equally versatile, with hydroxocobalamin*oxazepam being the only interaction observed in all scenarios.ConclusionsCase‐crossover analysis is a potential approach for identifying candidate drugs and drug‐drug interactions associated with adverse events as it implicitly controls for fixed confounders. The results are highly dependent on applied hazard and control periods, but the choice of periods can help in targeting the analyses to different phases of drug use.
Parent–adolescent concordance on the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB‐R) and the Childhood Interview for Borderline Personality Disorder (CI‐BPD)
Authors: Wall K. , Sharp C. , Ahmed Y. , Goodman M. , Zanarini M.C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhile the degree of concordance between parent and adolescent self‐report of internalizing and externalizing pathology is well studied, virtually nothing is known about concordance in borderline pathology and the implication of parent–adolescent discrepancies for outcomes. The present study aimed to (1) examine discrepancies between parents and adolescents on two interview‐based measures of borderline personality disorder (BPD)—the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB‐R22) and the Childhood Interview for Borderline Personality Disorder (CI‐BPD23); and (2) investigate the implications of discrepancies for clinical outcomes. Diagnostic concordance on the DIB‐R and CI‐BPD showed rates of 82% and 94% respectively, with lower concordance demonstrated for dimensionally scored variables. Standardized difference scores between adolescent and parent reports on both borderline measures were significantly correlated with few interview‐based axis I diagnoses as reported by parents, but not adolescents themselves. Implications regarding the use of each measure for the assessment and diagnosis of borderline personality disorder are discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence rates of borderline symptoms reported by adolescent inpatients with BPD, psychiatrically healthy adolescents and adult inpatients with BPD
Authors: Zanarini Mary C. , Temes Christina M. , Magni Laura R. , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Aguirre Blaise A. , Goodman Marianne 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe validity of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in children and adolescents has not been studied in a rigorous manner reflecting the criteria of Robins and Guze first detailed in 1970. This paper and the others in this series address some aspects of this multifaceted validation paradigm, which requires that a disorder has a known clinical presentation, can be delimited from other disorders, ‘runs’ in families, and something of its aetiology, treatment response and course is known.MethodsThree groups of subjects were studied: 104 adolescent inpatients meeting the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines and DSM‐IV criteria for BPD, 60 psychiatrically healthy adolescents and 290 adult inpatients meeting the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines and DSM‐III‐R criteria for BPD.ResultsAdolescents with BPD had significantly higher prevalence rates of 22 of the 24 symptoms studied than psychiatrically healthy adolescents. Only rates of serious treatment regressions and countertransference problems failed to reach the Bonferroni‐corrected level of 0.002. Adolescents and adults with BPD had only four symptomatic differences that reached this level of significance, with adolescents with BPD reporting significantly lower levels of quasi‐psychotic thought, dependency/masochism, devaluation/manipulation/sadism and countertransference problems than adults with BPD.ConclusionsTaken together, the results of this study suggest that adolescents report BPD as severe as that reported by adults. They also suggest that BPD in adolescents is not a tumultuous phase of normal adolescence. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Increases in Permafrost Thaw Rates and Areal Loss of Palsas in the Western Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Mamet Steven D. , Chun Kwok P. , Kershaw Geoffrey G. L. , Loranty Michael M. , Peter Kershaw G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDecay of palsas can indicate permafrost status, particularly in regions where air temperatures have increased rapidly in recent decades. Using weather data, annual surveys of active‐layer thickness, and analyses of high‐resolution aerial imagery from the eastern Selwyn/western Mackenzie Mountains, NT, Canada, we show that permafrost temperatures have increased, active layers have deepened, and palsa areal extents have decreased considerably since the 1940s. High‐altitude palsas thawed quickly from the 1940s to the 1980s, although some low‐altitude palsas have recently decreased rapidly in areal extent due to peat‐block calving. The linear rate of increasing active‐layer thickness may not be congruent with the non‐linear rate of areal loss of palsas. The rapid and episodic collapse of palsas at some sites highlights the necessity to consider hydrology, vegetation cover, landscape position, and morphology in palsa dynamics in addition to a warming climate. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Iron Coating on Thermal Properties of Aluminum‐Lithium Alloy Powder
Authors: Zhang Dongmei , Zou Hui , Cai Shuizhou 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAluminum‐lithium alloys are widely studied to improve performance in energetic materials. However, their high reactivity causes severe surface oxidation over micro‐Al particles in storage, resulting in significant deterioration in the overall performance. This study deals with the effect of iron coating on thermal properties and aging stability of aluminum‐lithium alloy powder. Gas atomized Al‐3Li (3 wt. %) alloy powder was prepared and then successfully coated with nano‐sized iron film by modified chemical liquid deposition method. The morphology, thermal properties and combustion enthalpies were characterized by SEM/EDX, TG/DTA and oxygen bomb calorimeter. The results showed that Fe/Al‐3Li composite powder presented obvious core‐shell structure and the outer iron film was very uniform and compact. Significantly enhanced thermal reactivities of Al‐3Li alloy powder and Fe/Al‐3Li composite powder were achieved compared with pure Al. In addition, aging studies indicated that, after coating, the reactivity decay rates of alloy powder decreased significantly, and the mass combustion enthalpies remained basically stable, which demonstrated that iron coating indeed prevented pre‐oxidation of the alloy powder and improved its aging stability.
Modeling, Simulation and Characterization of Complex Shaped Solid Propellant Combustion
Authors: Wurster Sebastian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA model to simulate propellant combustion in a closed bomb and a method for burn rate measurement are presented. The model incorporates the 2D ICT‐Cellular‐Combustion‐Algorithm which numerically simulates the 2D form function of an arbitrary shaped propellant cross section. With the help of preprocessing algorithms to calculate initial surface and volume and a lumped parameter model, which also takes into account pressure dependent thermochemistry, pressure vs. time curves and the dynamic vivacity can be simulated. The model is then coupled with different optimization algorithms to minimize an objective function for burn rate measurement with either pressure or vivacity data. Four different optimization algorithms are compared in detail using synthetic pressure‐time and dynamic vivacity data of a 7 perforated propellant with and without white noise. The testing shows that the so called Nelder‐Mead‐Downhill‐Simplex algorithm with a vivacity based objective function allows the most precise, robust and computationally cost effective burn rate measurement. Experimental results for 7 perforated JA2 propellant from a 306 cm3 closed bomb are used to determine Vieille′s parameters α and β. The determined values of α=0,9520±0,006319 and β=0,1522±0,007592 mm/s are in good agreement with previously reported values of α=0.9517 and β=0.1467 mm/s. With the presented model and burn rate measurement method it is possible to determine the burning rates of solid propellants with a high degree of accuracy.
Migrant Identities in a New Immigration Destination: Revealing the Limitations of the ‘Hard working’ Migrant Identity
Authors: McAreavey Ruth 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMigrant labour has transformed local economies in many places, often helping to reverse long‐term decline. The emergence of new immigration destinations (NID) globally brings mixed opportunities for the individuals involved. This paper uses empirical evidence, focusing on the workplace, to show the performance, construction, and significance of migrant identity. By using social identity theory to examine what it means to be a ‘migrant’, it follows from Goffman's overarching concern with social interactions and his promotion of microanalysis as analytical lenses.The paper reveals the ambiguity of the label ‘migrant’. It shows how the external application or internal enactment of migrant identities bestows particular status that represents an asset or an obstacle to integration. It can mean ‘hard‐working’, ‘less deserving’, and ‘exploitable’, and it also denotes ‘lazy’ individuals. While some individuals assume the hard‐working and ‘exploitable’ migrant identity in certain circumstances because of the benefits that it brings, this status can also cause high levels of dissatisfaction and distress among migrants. The research shows how the creation of a migrant identity limits the structures and networks from which migrants may draw resources and in so doing curtails the possibilities for social change due to migration. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiation‐induced interstitial carbon atom in silicon: Effect of charge state on annealing characteristics
Authors: Lastovskii Stanislau B. , Gusakov Vasilii E. , Markevich Vladimir P. , Peaker Anthony R. , Yakushevich Hanna S. , Korshunov Fedor P. , Murin Leonid I. 
Published: May 2017

We present experimental and theoretical results showing that the migration of interstitial carbon atom (Ci) in silicon depends on its charge state. The experimental results were obtained from the analysis of changes in concentrations of the Ci defect, which were determined from deep level transient spectra, in n+‐p diodes subjected to irradiation with 4–6 MeV electrons or α‐particles at T ≤ 273 K and subsequent heat‐treatments in the temperature range 280–330 K with applied reverse bias voltage and without it. It has been found that in the positive charge state the Ci migration energy is 0.88 ± 0.02 eV, while in the neutral charge state it is reduced to 0.73–0.74 eV.First‐principles density‐functional calculations of the structure of Ci in different charge states (z = 0, +1, −1) and diffusion coefficient parameters (activation barrier ΔEa and pre‐exponential factor D0) have been performed. It has been found that a split‐ configuration with C2v symmetry is the most stable one for Ci in all the charge states. The following ΔEa and D0 values have been derived from the calculations: ΔEa = 0.74 eV and D0 = 0.06 cm2 s−1 for Ci0, and ΔEa = 0.89 eV for Ci+.
Precision and accuracy of imageless navigation versus freehand implantation of total hip arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Snijders Thom , van Gaalen S.M. , de Gast A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) is named the most successful surgical procedure of the twentieth century. To remain a success in the twenty‐first century THA should meet the higher demands of patients and society with regard to technical and functional outcome, costs and implant survival. To meet these demands optimal acetabular cup positioning is necessary. An imageless navigation system (NAV) might prevent malpositioning of the acetabular cup in THA. The aim of this study has been to compare the precision and accuracy of the anteversion and inclination of the acetabular cup position after NAV implantation and after freehand implantation of THA.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the precision (variance) and accuracy (deviation from the target) from all available high‐quality randomised control trials to date.ResultsSix out of seven studies concluded a statistically significant difference in precision in anteversion between the NAV group and the freehand group. Five out of seven studies concluded a statistically significant difference in precision in inclination. There is a significantly better accuracy for the NAV group than for the freehand group for anteversion (p = 0.002) and for inclination (p = 0.01).ConclusionThis study showed that NAV placement is more precise and has an improved accuracy for anteversion and inclination than freehand placement of the acetabular cup. However, there is a lack of evidence to support an improved functional outcome and a reduction of complications and revisions.
Prevalence and predictors of out‐of‐field teaching in the first five years
Authors: Nixon Ryan S. , Luft Julie A. , Ross Richard J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMany new science teachers are assigned to teach subjects in which they have not been prepared, a practice referred to as out‐of‐field (OOF) teaching. Teaching OOF has been shown to negatively influence instruction and constrain teachers’ development. In this study, we explored the extent to which new secondary science teachers were assigned OOF across their first 5 years. Analysis of this longitudinal data set indicated that these assignments were common. While new science teachers were assigned to teach a variety of subjects over their first 5 years of teaching, they were not assigned more or fewer OOF courses over time. Furthermore, results indicated that teachers in certain situations are more likely than others to be assigned to teach OOF. Even with federal legislation in the United States seeking to eliminate OOF teaching, a large portion of new secondary science teachers are assigned to teach science disciplines for which they are inadequately prepared. Based on the findings of this study, it is worth exploring policy avenues that eliminate OOF teaching. Policymakers, administrators, and teacher educators should seek to provide supports, such as science‐specific induction programs designed for new teachers who are assigned OOF, and science teacher educators should prepare prospective teachers to teach multiple science disciplines. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54:1197–1218, 2017
Improved recovery and biological activities of an engineered polyene NPP analogue in Pseudonocardia autotrophica
Authors: Won Hyung-Jin , Kim Hye-Jin , Jang Jin-Young , Kang Seung-Hoon , Choi Si-Sun , Kim Eung-Soo 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
NPP A1 produced by Pseudonocardia autotrophica is a unique disaccharide-containing polyene macrolide. NPP A1 was reported to have higher water solubility and lower hemolytic toxicity than nystatin A1 while retaining its antifungal activity. An engineered NPP A1 analogue, NPP A2, was generated by inactivation of the nppL gene, encoding a P450 monooxygenase in P. autotrophica. The resulting compound exhibited the corresponding chemical structure of NPP A1 but lacked a C10 hydroxyl group. In this study, newly developed crystallization recovery methods for NPP A2 purification, followed by an evaluation of in vitro antifungal activity and hemolytic activity, were performed. The crystallization methods were designed to eliminate the undesired viscous impurities encountered during the NPP A2 purification process, resulting in improved purity from 5.3 to 83.5% w/w. NPP A2 isolated from the improved purification process also exhibited two times higher antifungal activity and 1.8 times higher hemolytic toxicity than those of NPP A1. These results suggest that the minor structural modification of disaccharide-containing polyene macrolides, such as removing a C10 hydroxyl group, might require an alternative recovery process, such as crystallization, to confirm its improved biological activity.
Interpolation of the coupling-ray-theory Green function within ray cells
Authors: Klimeš Luděk , Bulant Petr 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The coupling–ray–theory tensor Green function for electromagnetic waves or elastic S waves is frequency dependent, and is usually calculated for many frequencies. This frequency dependence represents no problem in calculating the Green function, but may pose a significant challenge in storing the Green function at the nodes of dense grids, typical for applications such as the Born approximation or non–linear source determination. Storing the Green function at the nodes of dense grids for too many frequencies may be impractical or even unrealistic. We have already proposed the approximation of the coupling–ray–theory tensor Green function, in the vicinity of a given prevailing frequency, by two coupling–ray–theory dyadic Green functions described by their coupling–ray–theory travel times and their coupling–ray–theory amplitudes. The above mentioned prevailing–frequency approximation of the coupling ray theory enables us to interpolate the coupling–ray–theory dyadic Green functions within ray cells, and to calculate them at the nodes of dense grids. For the interpolation within ray cells, we need to separate the pairs of prevailing–frequency coupling–ray–theory dyadic Green functions so that both the first Green function and the second Green function are continuous along rays and within ray cells. We describe the current progress in this field and outline the basic algorithms. The proposed method is equally applicable to both electromagnetic waves and elastic S waves. We demonstrate the preliminary numerical results using the coupling–ray–theory travel times of elastic S waves.