bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Effects of Different Warm-up Protocols on Repeated Sprints-Induced Muscle Damage
Authors: Chen Che-Hsiu , Ye Xin , Wang Yi-Tse , Chen Yung-Sheng , Tseng Wei-Chin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Chen, CH, Ye, X, Wang, YT, Chen, YS, and Tseng, WC. Differential effects of different warm-up protocols on repeated sprints-induced muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3276–3284, 2018—The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether adding a set of hamstring resistance exercise or dynamic stretching to a regular running-based warm-up before a bout of repeated sprints provides protective effects against the sprinting-induced muscle damage. Twelve elite tennis players participated in this study. After the familiarization, subjects completed 3 separate randomly sequenced experimental visits, during which 3 different warm-up interventions were performed before the muscle-damaging protocol (12 sets of 30-m maximal repeated sprints): 5 minutes of running (control); control with single leg slide curl (SLC); and control with active hamstring stretching (AHS). Before, immediately (POST0), 1 day (POST1), and 2 days after (POST2) the sprints, hip flexion passive range of motion, hamstring muscle thickness and pennation angle, muscle stiffness, and knee flexion concentric peak torque were measured. Repeated sprints have induced muscle damage in all 3 visits. For AHS, the muscle thickness and stiffness values at POST2 were significantly lower than those of other 2 protocols. In addition, the decrements of concentric strength at POST0, POST1, and POST2 for AHS were also significantly less than those of control and SLC. Therefore, adding a set of dynamic hamstrings stretching to a regular warm-up protocol before repeated sprints has protective effect on the sprinting-induced muscle damage. Athletes whose competitions are densely scheduled (e.g., tennis player in a tournament) may take advantage of this strategy to facilitate muscle recovery from the potential muscle damage, thus, to get maximal recovery for the subsequent competitions.
Muscle Twitch Torque During Two Different in Volume Isometric Exercise Protocols: Fatigue Effects on Postactivation Potentiation
Authors: Xenofondos Anthi , Bassa Eleni , Vrabas Ioannis S. , Kotzamanidis Christos , Patikas Dimitrios A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Xenofondos, A, Bassa, E, Vrabas, IS, Kotzamanidis, C, and Patikas, D. Muscle twitch torque during two different in volume isometric exercise protocols: fatigue effects on postactivation potentiation. J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 578–586, 2018—The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of the contraction duration of 2 isometric exercise protocols on the postactivation potentiation of 14 well-trained men (age: 22.6 ± 2.8 years, height: 180.3 ± 5.9 cm, and body mass: 72.3 ± 37.9 kg). The protocols consisted of 4 × 6 maximal plantar flexions, of 3-second (P3) or 6-second (P6) duration, performed in random order, with a 2-minute and 15-second intervals between the sets and repetitions, respectively. The torque during maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC), the peak twitch torque (TT), and the rate of torque development (RTD) after each MIVC were analyzed for the first and the last trial of each set, the average of all trials of each set, and the trials within each set that had the highest peak TT. The MIVC had an overall greater reduction during P6 compared with P3 (P3: −4.6 ± 2.3 vs. P6: −16.0 ± 1.9%). P6 showed higher potentiation in TT during the initial repetitions of the first 2 sets (p < 0.05) in contrast to the P3, which revealed a lower potentiation but for a longer period along the exercise session. However, both protocols had on average the same potential for potentiation (P3: 81.6 ± 6.1 vs. P6: 79.8 ± 6.3%). The twitch RTD presented no systematic difference between the 2 protocols (p > 0.05). These data demonstrate the dependence of the TT potentiation on the conditioning stimulus and verify the cumulative effect of potentiation, suggesting the implementation of longer contractions to achieve maximal but temporal TT potentiation and shorter contractions for less variable but prolonged potentiation.
Reliability and Sensitivity of the Power Push-up Test for Upper-Body Strength and Power in 6–15-Year-Old Male Athletes
Authors: Gillen Zachary M. , Miramonti Amelia A. , McKay Brianna D. , Jenkins Nathaniel D.M. , Leutzinger Todd J. , Cramer Joel T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGillen, ZM, Miramonti, AA, McKay, BD, Jenkins, NDM, Leutzinger, TJ, and Cramer, JT. Reliability and sensitivity of the power push-up test for upper-body strength and power in 6–15-year-old male athletes.J Strength Cond Res32(1): 83–96, 2018—The power push-up (PPU) test is an explosive upper-body test performed on a force plate and is currently being used in high school football combines throughout the United States. The purpose of this study was to quantify the reliability of the PPU test based on age and starting position (knees vs. toes) in young athletes. Sixty-eight boys (mean ±SD; age = 10.8 ± 2.0 years) were tested twice over 5 days. Boys were separated by age as 6–9 years (n= 16), 10–11 years (n= 26), and 12–15 years (n= 26). The PPU test was performed on a force plate while rotating from the knees vs. the toes. Measurements were peak force (PF, N), peak rate of force development (pRFD, N·s−1), average power (AP, W), and peak power (PP, W). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1),SEMs, coefficients of variation (CVs), and minimum detectable changes (MDCs) were calculated to quantify reliability and sensitivity. Peak force from the knees in 10–15-year-olds, PF from the toes in 12–15-year-olds, and pRFD from the knees and toes in 12–15-year-olds were comparably reliable (ICC ≥ 0.84). Neither power measurements (AP or PP) for any age group, nor any measurements (PF, pRFD, AP, or PP) for the 6–9-year-olds were comparably reliable (ICC ≤ 0.74). When considering the reliable variables, PF was greater in the 12–15-year-olds than in 10–11-year-olds (p≤ 0.05). In addition, in 12–15-year-olds, PF and pRFD were greater from the knees than from the toes (p≤ 0.05). For reasons largely attributable to growth and development, the PPU test may be a reliable (ICC ≥ 0.80) and sensitive (CV ≤ 19%) measure of upper-body strength (PF), whereas pRFD was also reliable (ICC ≥ 0.80), but less sensitive (CV = 30–38%) in 10–15-year-old male athletes.
PENSAR LA PAZ Y LA RECONCILIACIÓN EN COLOMBIA DESDE LA EXPERIENCIA DE PERÚ: LECCIONES A PARTIR DEL ANÁLISIS DE LA COMISIÓN DE LA VERDAD Y RECONCILIACIÓN
Authors: Barreto Henriques Miguel 
Published: October 2017

El objetivo fundamental de este artículo será identificar lecciones aprendidas para la reconciliación y la paz en Colombia en un escenario de posconflicto armado, a partir del análisis de la experiencia de Perú y de su Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación (CVR). Se tendrá en cuenta las buenas prácticas y los errores cometidos en la concepción, desarrollo e implementación de la CVR de Perú como base para evaluar y proyectar el potencial y limitaciones de la “Comisión para el esclarecimiento de la verdad, la convivencia y la no repetición” en Colombia, en cuanto instrumento de reconciliación.
Desenvolvimento motor, cognição e linguagem em lactentes que frequentam creches
Authors: Machado Donesca , Valentini Nadia Cristina , Müller Alessandra Bombarda , Pereira Keila Ruttnig Guidony 
Published: October 2017

***Motor development, cognition and language in infants who attend day care centers*** AIMS: To evaluate the acquisition of motor milestones in the first two years of life and the relationship between gross motor function and manipulation, cognition and language in infants who attend day care centers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample of infants attending public and private day care centers in a city in southern Brazil. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development were used to assess the motor performance of each child. Descriptive statistics were used for the characterization of the sample and simple linear regression in three different age groups (group 1: between six and nine months; group 2: between 10 and 12 months; group 3: between 13 and 16 months) for the analysis of relationships between the variables gross and fine motor skills, cognition and language. RESULTS: We studied 63 infants between six and 16 months of age who did not present statistically significant differences in their biological and sociodemographic characteristics when the three stratified groups were compared. Most children did not acquire the developmental milestones in the period expected for their age group. There was correlation between the developmental scores, and the gross motor function was able to explain a large part of the variability in the fine motor function, cognition and language scores (R2ajust>0.5) over the first two years of life. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluated motor skills occurred generally late in the sample. The delay in the acquisition of gross motor milestones had an impact on the overall developmental skills, corroborating the influence of gross motor function in the other domains of development.
A Cost Effective Two Stage Biogas Process for Organic Waste Treatment
Authors: Bergland Wenche , Haugen Finn , Bakke Rune 
Published: October 2017

Effective energy recovery systems are required to handle organic waste produced at individual farms and industrial plants. High rate anaerobic digestion (AD) reactors (e.g. UASB) are efficient but they require low particle content in the feed, whereas manure and other relevant feeds contain a variety of particles.
A two stage biogas process consisting of a storage tank (ST) and a high rate AD reactor can meet the above challenges. The ST serves three purposes: Store the waste in a submerged suspension, disintegration and hydrolysis of the waste to produce dissolved substrate and separate a liquid without large particles as AD feed. A pilot system consisting of a 20 L hybrid AD reactor together with a 200 L ST was constructed to test the two stage concept. The ST contained a filter system to extract only the liquid phase of the organic waste, which was solid waste from apple juice production. The AD liquid effluent was returned to the ST to maintain the systems liquid balance. A hydrogen sensor on the produced biogas was used to monitor the AD and thereby automatically control AD feeding for safe operation. Hydrogen set points of 20-40 ppm were tested.
The apple waste first underwent a natural conservation in the ST by production of organic acids and alcohol. The liquid feed to the AD extracted from the ST had a pH of 4.5 and a total organic concentration of 0-50 g COD/L through the months of operation reported. The temperature in the system was ambient; 18-23 ºC. The production of biogas was 10-25 litres per day, and the biogas methane content was maintained at ≈ 70 (v/v %). The hydrogen based AD feeding control operated well but with some limitations.
Phytoremediation Potential of Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus) in Soil Contaminated with Used Lubricating Oil
Authors: Abioye O.P. , Agamuthu P. , Abdul Aziz A. 
Published: October 2017

Soil and groundwater contamination incidences with petroleum and petrochemical based products are growing in frequency and quantity. One example is used lubricating oil from machineries. There is a growing demand to remediate the contaminated soil with in-situ phytoremediation. Therefore in this work, Hibiscus cannabinus was investigated for its potential to remove hydrocarbon and heavy metals from soil contaminated with 2.5% and 1% used lubricating oil and amended with organic wastes [banana skin (BS), brewery spent grain (BSG) and spent mushroom compost(SMC)] for a period of 90 days. Loss of 86.4% and 91.8% used lubricating oil was recorded in soil contaminated with 2.5% and 1% oil and amended with organic wastes respectively at the end of 90 days. However, 52.5% and 58.9% oil loss was recorded in unamended soil contaminated with 2.5% and 1% oil, respectively. The plant did not accumulate hydrocarbon from the soil but shows appreciable accumulation of Fe and Zn in the root and stem. 47.0 mg/kg and 2.37 mg/kg of Fe accumulated in the root and stem while 1.5 mg/kg and 1.64 mg/kg of Zn accumulated in roots and stems of H. cannabinus respectively at the end of the experiment. The results of this study suggest that H. cannabinus has high potential for remediation of hydrocarbon and heavy metal contaminated soil.
Web Usability Evaluation to Promote Public Responsibility for Municipal Waste and Resource-Efficiency
Authors: Sultana Norin , Ibrahim Muhammad Asim , Hogland William 
Published: October 2017

The main elements of any communication process are source, message and recipient. In order to promote public responsibility for municipal solid waste and resource efficiency, national municipal waste management (MWM) association being reputed and trustworthy source of information could play a central role to educate recipients (general public). The internet technology can be employed as an effective source for mentoring due to its; tremendous growth rate, popularity, cost effectiveness and flexibility to divulge information in multiple forms such as videos, blogs, pictures etc. In this study websites of 4 national MWM associations of Nordic countries were studied. These associations were member of Municipal Waste Europe (MWE), a non-profit organization with prime objective to promote public responsibility for resource efficiency.
The purpose of the study was to perform the real time scenario-based usability testing of the above mentioned website, especially for the Nordic countries in order to determine the ease with which people are able to find the information on these websites.
The features of National MWM association of Finland, to promote public responsibility, were found to be most promising compared to that of other Nordic MWM organization. The study has also highlighted promising examples of use of the internet technology employed by various MWM associations that others can follow to develop sustainable societies.
Mathematical Models for Regional Solid Waste Management Development
Authors: Teibe Inara , Bendere Ruta , Perova Larisa , Arina Dace 
Published: October 2017

The mathematical methods of waste management assessment and software for various life cycle applications are widely used as one of the decision-making support tools in waste policy. This comparatively new approach to waste management planning offers an option for investigating the life cycle impact of solid waste management processes which generate anthropogenic impact on the environment, of which the most unfavorable is greenhouse gas emission.
In the research a software application called WAMPS (waste management planning system) developed by the IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute within the Reco Baltic 21 Tech project has been used to create a better understanding about waste management processes and their produced impact on climate change. It is the first time when WAMPS software is applied for regional domestic waste management planning for the next seven-year period in the Baltic states, in this particular case for the Piejura region, which is one of the ten waste management planning regions in Latvia. The Piejura region includes one city of national level and nine districts, with the total area of about 5,300 sq. km and the number of inhabitants 153,899. In accordance with national legislation, responsibility for waste management organization has been delegated to local municipalities.
In this study the solutions for elaboration of the Piejura region waste management strategy are based on those waste management processes which will produce the best environmental options. The main results of the research were obtained comparing various waste management scenarios in WAMPS: the existent situation in regional waste management, where more than 94% of domestic waste is landfilled; European Union framework demands according to Waste and Landfill directives; and the best technological solutions for the Piejura region based on local circumstances. The next phase of research will draw attention to the implementation and integration of the chosen technological solutions on the basis of economical solutions.
A study on methane degradation layer extracted from landfill mining
Authors: Pehme Kaur-Mikk , Tamm Toomas , Orupõld Kaja , Kriipsalu Mait 
Published: October 2017

Due to the harmful effect on the environment, landfill gas has to be collected and processed. One possible solution would be covering the landfill with a bioactive layer, where methane gas is oxidized.
The aim of this research is to study the possibilities of extracting material for the methane degradation layer from the landfill itself by means of Landfill Mining (LFM). Chemical and biological properties as well as hydrophysical properties like hydraulic conductivity and saturated volumetric water content of the fine fraction were measured to verify whether the material meets the requirements.
As the result of the study it appeared that the fine fraction sieved out during Landfill Mining was suitable as a methane degradation layer when mixed with amendments. The best ratio of components was found 60 % fine fraction from LFM, 20 % soil, and 20 % matured sludge compost.
The installation of the methane degradation layer has been finished. The research continues to closely observe the result of methane degradation in full scale. While applying the knowledge obtained in this study to any other landfill it has to be kept in mind that the properties of the covering layer and the ratio of components directly depend on the properties of the fine fraction, amendments, and the parameters of the landfill.
Institutional approaches to the development of solid waste treatment and its staffing in the Russian Federation
Authors: Rud Vasiliy , Trukhachev Serguey 
Published: October 2017

Research , the results of which will be discussed in the present report were obtained in the framework of the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation for Modernization and Technological Development of Russia's Economy.Key issues affecting the management of the flow of all types of waste in Russia are:

A huge number of unsorted household waste and unprocessed
Extremely high yield landfill business and its criminal
Lack of waste treatment business
Possibility of selling the energy received from the recycling can not be considered as anincentive for the development of business
Building regulations do not provide for the installation of systems for separate collection ofhousehold waste

Public services and private investors are not able to effectively solve the problem of eliminating the effects of pollution of waste production and consumption with the formation of an efficient, cost-effective and environmentally sound waste management industry.
It is necessary to pay more attention to not direct support projects on waste recycling, and introduce restrictive measures for the development of businesses not harmless to the garbage. We need to develop a "roadmap" of joint actions of government and business to create a national market for emissions trading of greenhouse gas emissions on the basis of voluntary commitments by companies to reduce them. As a result of the work done has been formulated for a number of assignments signed by the President of the Russian Federation .
Comprensión del sujeto desde los medios de comunicación: análisis desde la propuesta epistemológica de Marshall McLuhan
Authors: Jiménez Medina Jenny Alexandra , González Hernández Dory Luz 
Published: October 2017

La configuración de las colectividades implica la consonancia entre progreso tecnológico y transformación social, una premisa que ya estaba presente en la obra de Marshall McLuhan, quien asegura que la articulación entre la tecnología y la forma de adquisición de conocimiento posee una connotación histórica y sensorial. Lo cual implica que “las técnicas complejas modelan al hombre, y […] este, a su vez, las transforma y las redefine en un movimiento bidireccional perennemente inacabado” (LABCOM, 2010 p.480). Así, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo revisar la forma como McLuhan configura dicha conexión en el contexto de la denominada Galaxia Gutenberg, la cual servirá de punto de partida para comprender otras circunstancias históricas, en la que el sujeto y la tecnología se integran en implosión. Se apreciará cómo McLuhan concibió que cada nuevo medio de comunicación (la imprenta, por ejemplo) altera la forma como el ser humano tiende a crear y a comunicarse, de forma que se modifica también al sistema de medios de comunicación que operan en el ambiente cultural vigente. Con este análisis se clarifica el uso del paradigma de la estructura visual, (que se refuerza con la imprenta, el libro como medio de comunicación que es la extensión del ojo), en detrimento de la cultura acústica. Asimismo, en este apartado se analiza la forma como McLuhan realizó un estudio sobre la interiorización de la tecnología de la imprenta y sus efectos en la configuración de una nueva especie de hombre. Igualmente se establecen algunas condiciones en las que el sujeto produce en la actualidad subjetividades y se constituye como tal en la era digital, interpretando los sentidos de la Galaxia de Gutember.
La regla o el principio de la selección objetiva en la contratación pública colombiana
Authors: Miranda Medina Milton Jojani 
Published: October 2017

En la legislación colombiana, la selección objetiva es tratada como principio de la contratación estatal, o como principio orientador de los procesos de selección, pero al mismo tiempo, es concebida como un deber -regla de conducta- en la actividad contractual. Mientras que para la jurisprudencia la selección objetiva, es una regla de conducta de la actividad contractual y un principio que orienta los procesos licitatorios, que permiten la escogencia de la oferta más ventajosa para los intereses colectivos perseguidos con la contratación.
A pesar que la doctrina y la jurisprudencia aceptan indistintamente la dualidad de la selección objetiva, se considera que para que pueda existir un fundamento legal, ésta debe sustentarse primero, en una relación contractual y dos, en los preceptos legales. Es decir, que para poder hacer imputaciones de responsabilidad penal, fiscal o disciplinaria por la acción o la omisión del servidor público, es necesario concebir la selección objetiva como un mandato legal establecido para una relación contractual determinada, contrario sensu, no es posible tal imputación debido al carácter abstracto e indeterminado del principio.