bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Designing Cluster-Randomized Trials in Sub-Saharan Africa Education
Authors: Kelcey Ben , Shen Zuchao , Spybrook Jessaca 
Published: October 2016

Objective: Over the past two decades, the lack of reliable empirical evidence concerning the effectiveness of educational interventions has motivated a new wave of research in education in sub-Saharan Africa (and across most of the world) that focuses on impact evaluation through rigorous research designs such as experiments. Often these experiments draw on the random assignment of entire clusters, such as schools, to accommodate the multilevel structure of schooling and the theory of action underlying many school-based interventions. Planning effective and efficient school randomized studies, however, requires plausible values of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the variance explained by covariates during the design stage. The purpose of this study was to improve the planning of two-level school-randomized studies in sub-Saharan Africa by providing empirical estimates of the ICC and the variance explained by covariates for education outcomes in 15 countries. Method: Our investigation drew on large-scale representative samples of sixth-grade students in 15 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and includes over 60,000 students across 2,500 schools. We examined two core education outcomes: standardized achievement in reading and mathematics. We estimated a series of two-level hierarchical linear models with students nested within schools to inform the design of two-level school-randomized trials. Results: The analyses suggested that outcomes were substantially clustered within schools but that the magnitude of the clustering varied considerably across countries. Similarly, the results indicated that covariance adjustment generally reduced clustering but that the prognostic value of such adjustment varied across countries.
Effects on vessel measurement accuracy and subsequent occlusion after calcium channel blocker infusion during treatment of cerebral aneurysms with the Pipeline embolization device
Authors: Alexander MD , Nicholson AD , Darflinger RJ , Settecase F , Cooke DL , Dowd CF , Amans MR , Higashida RT , Hetts SW , Halbach VV 
Published: October 2016

Introduction/Purpose To achieve aneurysm occlusion, flow diverters (FDs) must be accurately sized to maximize coverage over the neck and induce thrombosis. Catheterization for diagnostic angiography can cause vasospasm that may affect vessel measurements. This study evaluates impacts of intra-arterial infusion of a calcium channel blocker (CCB) on angiographic measurements in patients treated with FDs to determine effects on final diameter of the FD and subsequent occlusion. Materials and methods Pre-treatment measurements were recorded for diameter of the distal and proximal landing zones and maximum and minimum diameters between these segments. Post-treatment measurements of the stent following deployment were recorded at these locations. When CCB was infused, post-infusion pre-treatment measurements were recorded. Rates of occlusion were noted for all patients. T-tests were performed to assess for differences in pre- and post-treatment measurements and rates of occlusion between groups with and without CCB infusion. Results Twenty-eight FDs were deployed to treat 25 aneurysms in 24 patients. CCB infusion was performed prior to deployment of 12 (42.9%) devices. No significant difference was noted between groups for pre- and post-treatment measurement changes. Confirmed aneurysm occlusion was more likely to occur in the CCB infusion group (88.9% vs. 36.4%, p = 0.009). Conclusion Optimization of device sizing is important to increase FD density over the aneurysm neck and promote thrombosis. To improve measurement accuracy, CCB infusion can reduce effects of mild vasospasm. Subsequent aneurysm occlusion was more likely to occur following FD treatment when device size selection was based on measurements performed following CCB infusion.
The impact of salicylic acid on some physiological responses of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. under in vitro drought stress
Authors: ABBASPOUR Jalil , EHSANPOUR Aliakbar 
Published: October 2016

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant regulator which is involved in growth, development, and response to stress. This study was aimed to evaluate some physiological and biochemical responses of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. under drought stress after exogenous SA treatment. Experiment was performed in vitro. Polyethylene glycol (PEG/6000) with 0, 2 and 4 % (w/v) was used in MS medium to simulate drought stress and different concentrations of SA (0, 0.01 and 0.1mM) were added. After four weeks, SA alleviated the negative effects of PEG on dry and fresh mass as well as chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Under drought stress, application of SA decreased storage polysaccharides and increased soluble carbohydrates respectively. Although PEG had no significant effect on flavonoid content, it increased significantly anthocyanin and total phenol content, total antioxidant capacity, PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) and TAL (tyrosine ammonia-lyase) activity and SA treatment improved these parameters significantly. According to the current data, it was concluded that SA increased drought tolerance of Artemisia aucheri by increasing biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, improvement of TAL and PAL activity as well as also by increased content of soluble carbohydrates.
Insecticidal effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles and Beauveria bassiana TS11 on Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood, 1856) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: KHOOSHE-BAST Zahra , Sahebzadeh Najmeh , GHAFFARI-MOGHADDAM Mansour , MIRSHEKAR Ali 
Published: October 2016

Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum is a major pest of horticultural and ornamental plants and is usually controlled with insecticides or biological control agents. In the current study, we examined the effects of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and Beauveria bassiana TS11 on T. vaporariorum adults. ZnO NPs were synthesized by precipitation method. Field emission scanning electron microscope images indicated that ZnO NPs were non-compacted uniformly. X-ray diffraction results confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO NPs. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed an intense absorption peak at a range of 434-555 cm-1 related to Zn-O bond. In bioassays, adults were exposed to different concentrations of ZnO NPs (3, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg l-1) and fungi (104, 105, 106, 107, 108 spores ml-1). LC50 values for ZnO NPs and fungi were 7.35 mg l-1and 3.28×105 spores ml-1, respectively. Mortality rates obtained with ZnO NPs and fungi at the highest concentration were 91.6 % and 88.8 %, respectively. The results indicate a positive effect of ZnO NPs and B. bassiana TS11on adults. The current study was conducted under laboratory conditions, therefore, more studies are needed in field.
Agronomic quantitative assessment of substrates based on spents of Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Picornell Buendía Mª Raquel , Pardo Giménez Arturo , De Juan Valero† José Arturo 
Published: October 2016

In this work the agronomic viability of substrates based on spents of Agaricus bisporus (J.E.Lange) Imbach) (SAS) and Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. (SPS) was studied. In addition to the commercial substrate used as reference, six different treatments were considered. In this experiment, SPS and SAS were mixed in different ratios (from 6,000 g and 0 g, respectively, up to 3,000 g and 3,000 g, respectively). SAS was subjected to a heat treatment in a growing room ("cook out") and then to a maturation treatment which consisted of a controlled recomposting process in growing rooms. SPS was subjected to a pasteurizing heat treatment (60 °C - 65 °C, 8 h) and progressive decrease for at least 15 h to a "spawning" temperature (25 °C).SPS (5,400 g) + SAS (600 g) and SPS (4,800 g) + SAS (1,200 g) were prepared substrates with biological efficiencies (BE) of 35.98 % and 39.68 % respectively, lower than the control (46.18 %) and acceptable yields. The average unit mass of fruiting body harvested was low.
Bioefficacy of some biorational insecticides for the control of Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877, (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on greenhouse grown cucumber
Authors: Emami Mohammad Saeed 
Published: October 2016

Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 is a serious pest of cucumber in greenhouse plantings. Biorational insecticides are an alternative of broad spectrum insecticides for aphid suppression in greenhouse. In this regards, the efficiency of some biorational insecticides including soap based on coconut oil, surfactant based on sodium sulfosuccinate and antifeeding based on potassium nicotinate were assayed on A. gossypii in the cucumber greenhouse. The trials were set up in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Samplings were carried out one day before spraying and 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after spraying. The data were submitted to ANOVA and the means comparison was performed using Duncan’s test. The results indicated that the highest mortality in insecticidal soap, surfactant and antifeeding treatments occurred after 3 days, with 78.47 %, 67.16 % and 60.48 % mortality, respectively. The results of the trials are discussed in terms of improving management of the populations of A. gossypii.
The delayed strengthening of synaptic connectivity in the amygdala depends on NMDA receptor activation during acute stress
Authors: Yasmin Farhana , Saxena Kapil , McEwen Bruce S. , Chattarji Sumantra 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThere is growing evidence that stress leads to contrasting patterns of structural plasticity in the hippocampus and amygdala, two brain areas implicated in the cognitive and affective symptoms of stress‐related psychiatric disorders. Acute stress has been shown to trigger a delayed increase in the density of dendritic spines in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) of rodents. However, the physiological correlates of this delayed spinogenesis in the BLA remain unexplored. Furthermore, NMDA receptors (NMDARs) have been known to underlie chronic stress‐induced structural plasticity in the hippocampus, but nothing is known about the role of these receptors in the delayed spinogenesis, and its physiological consequences, in the BLA following acute stress. Here, using whole‐cell recordings in rat brain slices, we find that a single exposure to 2‐h immobilization stress enhances the frequency, but not amplitude, of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) recorded from principal neurons in the BLA 10 days later. This was also accompanied by faster use‐dependent block of NMDA receptor currents during repeated stimulation of thalamic inputs to the BLA, which is indicative of higher presynaptic release probability at these inputs 10 days later. Furthermore, targeted in vivo infusion of the NMDAR‐antagonist APV into the BLA during the acute stress prevents the increase in mEPSC frequency and spine density 10 days later. Together, these results identify a role for NMDARs during acute stress in both the physiological and morphological strengthening of synaptic connectivity in the BLA in a delayed fashion. These findings also raise the possibility that activation of NMDA receptors during stress may serve as a common molecular mechanism despite the divergent patterns of plasticity that eventually emerge after stress in the amygdala and hippocampus.
Fasciola hepatica infection in humans: overcoming problems for the diagnosis
Authors: Carnevale Silvana , Malandrini Jorge Bruno , Pantano María Laura , Sawicki Mirna , Soria Claudia Cecilia , Kuo Lein Hung , Kamenetzky Laura , Astudillo Osvaldo Germán , Velásquez Jorge Néstor 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFascioliasis is a zoonosis actually considered as a foodborne trematode disease priority by the World Health Organization. Our study presents three cases of
Why Should We Prevent a Global Anglo-American Life-World? A Democratic-Deliberative Answer
Authors: Morales-Gálvez Sergi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Should English be promoted as a worldwide lingua franca for justice-related reasons? Philippe Van Parijs answers affirmatively in order to promote global distributive justice. In contrast, I argue that a rapid expansion of English could lead to one undesirable consequence that ought to be prevented: the globalization of an Anglo-American life-world that impoverishes democratic-deliberative debates. Inspired by John Stuart Mill, I will defend the idea that the more dominant the Anglo-American life-world is, the less diversity of life-worlds and, therefore, the less diversity of substantial voices in the global democratic-deliberative process there will be. It might be that more voices could be heard (because of the lingua franca), but with less substantial diversity of opinions. In that sense, the life-worlds (and language as an access key to them) have an instrumental value that enables plurality and better deliberative discussion. For that reason, I contend that there is a pro tanto reason to prevent the expansion of English as a lingua franca.
Linguistic Justice Requires an Artificial Language: a Comment on van Parijs
Authors: Maat Jaap 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In advocating the use of a global auxiliary language, Van Parijs forms part of a tradition that stretches back to the seventeenth century. However, he differs from this tradition in promoting the use of English rather than an artificial language of some sort. This paper examines the theoretical situation that van Parijs proposes as the most fair, in which English functions worldwide as the preferred auxiliary language and in which certain measures have been taken to counterbalance injustices of three types. I draw attention to injustices of each of these types done to speakers of English in that situation. This leads to the conclusion that proposals to use an artificial language as a global lingua franca that were made in the seventeenth and later centuries have a stronger case than van Parijs has argued.
Linguistic Justice and English as a Lingua Franca from a Minority Perspective
Authors: Csata Zsombor 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The article is a brief evaluation of the regulatory environment of language use in Transylvania, Romania based on Van Parijs’ conceptual toolkit presented in his 2011 book Linguistic Justice for Europe and for the World. This linguistic regime is a coercive hybrid regulation containing elements stemming from both the categorical regime (personality principle) and territoriality. In municipalities or counties where the official use of minority languages is permitted, it is typically present in a conjunctive manner, but its enforcement is weak and inconsistent. The principle of territorially coercive linguistic subdivision – proposed by Van Parijs as an optimal solution for a greater linguistic justice – is not accommodated in any of the fields of official communication and under present political circumstances it has no further plausibility. A hypothetical alternative for the territorially coercive regime would be the introduction of English as a lingua franca in interethnic communication. We argued that this latter option would be fair only if English could entirely replace the official languages currently in use or it would receive a fully equivalent status at least in those regions where a considerable number of linguistic minorities live.
Natural Gas Consumption Reducing in Aluminum Melting Furnaces by Heat Recovery of Flue
Authors: Bratu Vasile , Gaba Aurel , Stoian Elena Valentina , Anghelina Florina Violeta 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article presents different solutions to reduce natural gas consumptions of the aluminum melting furnaces, through recovery of the heat from flue gases. In order to be able to analyze the recovery solutions, a mathematical model for energy balance of these furnaces was adapted. This mathematical model allows drawing up energy balances together with the main working technique and economical parameters of these types of furnaces, in actual conditions, and the same, under optimizing conditions, by applying recovery solutions.
The mathematical model which can elaborate energy balances for aluminum melting furnaces, was transposed in M. Excel based software, where the quantification of different solutions for natural gas consumption saving is possible. One of the applications of this computer software for an aluminum melting furnace, either for actual working conditions or per upgraded furnace by use an air pre-heater, materials pre-heater, or a regenerative burner system, is presented in this article.
Vapour Pressure of Ethanol and 1-Propanol Binary Mixtures
Authors: Talibov Misirkhan , Safarov Javid 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The vapour pressure of binary mixtures containing ethanol and 1-propanol were investigated at temperatures ranging from 274.15 to 443.15 K using two different setups with static methods. The measured values were fitted to a Clausius-Clapeyron type relationship. The heat of evaporation of mixtures was determined from the vapour-liquid equilibria data.
Group Contribution Method-based Multi-objective Evolutionary Molecular Design
Authors: Dörgő Gyula , Abonyi János 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The search for compounds exhibiting desired physical and chemical properties is an essential, yet complex problem in the chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. During the formulation of this optimization-based design problem two tasks must be taken into consideration: the automated generation of feasible molecular structures and the estimation of macroscopic properties based on the resultant structures. For this structural characteristic-based property prediction task numerous methods are available. However, the inverse problem, the design of a chemical compound exhibiting a set of desired properties from a given set of fragments is not so well studied. Since in general design problems molecular structures exhibiting several and sometimes conflicting properties should be optimized, we proposed a methodology based on the modification of the multi-objective Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The originally huge chemical search space is conveniently described by the Joback estimation method. The efficiency of the algorithm was enhanced by soft and hard structural constraints, which expedite the search for feasible molecules. These constraints are related to the number of available groups (fragments), the octet rule and the validity of the branches in the molecule. These constraints are also used to introduce a special genetic operator that improves the individuals of the populations to ensure the estimation of the properties is based on only reliable structures. The applicability of the proposed method is tested on several benchmark problems.
Plastic Deformations of Measured Object Surface in Contact with Undeformable Surface of Measuring Tool
Authors: Kowalik Marek , Rucki Mirosław , Paszta Piotr , Gołębski Rafał 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Measuring errors caused by deformation (flattening) of a measured object appear under the influence of pressure force and weight of the measured object. Plastic strain, arising at the contact of a measured object and an undeformable contact tip of a measuring device, can be calculated by applying the Hertz plastic solution and the hypothesis of plastic strain. In a small area of contact between two bodies pressing against one another with force F, there appears the so-called contact stress. It can sometime reach very high values, exceeding the yield point, even when the contact pressure is relatively small. In the present work, the authors describe a theoretical solution to the problem of plastic strain between two bodies. The derived relationships enable to calculate force F during measurements of a deformable object by means of an instrument with an undeformable, spherical measuring tip. By applying the τmax
hypothesis, a solution was obtained for the force F in an inexplicit form. The theoretical solution was verified with the digital simulation and experimental measurement. With the FEM method, the limit length gage was modeled in interaction with the measured shaft of a diameter d larger than the nominal one of Δl value.
Automatic Parameter Extraction Technique for MOS Structures by C-V Characterization Including the Effects of Interface States
Authors: Ryazantsev D. V. , Grudtsov V. P. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
An automatic MOS structure parameter extraction algorithm accounting for quantum effects has been developed and applied in the semiconductor device analyzer Agilent B1500A. Parameter extraction is based on matching the experimental C-V data with numerical modeling results. The algorithm is used to extract the parameters of test MOS structures with ultrathin gate dielectrics. The applicability of the algorithm for the determination of distribution function of DOS and finding the donor defect level in silicon is shown.
Energy composition of high-energy neutral beams on the COMPASS tokamak
Authors: Mitosinkova Klara , Stöckel Jan , Varju Jozef , Weinzettl Vladimir 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The COMPASS tokamak is equipped with two identical neutral beam injectors (NBI) for additional plasma heating. They provide a beam of deuterium atoms with a power of up to ~(2 × 300) kW. We show that the neutral beam is not monoenergetic but contains several energy components. An accurate knowledge of the neutral beam power in each individual energy component is essential for a detailed description of the beam- -plasma interaction and better understanding of the NBI heating processes in the COMPASS tokamak. This paper describes the determination of individual energy components in the neutral beam from intensities of the Doppler-shifted Dα lines, which are measured by a high-resolution spectrometer viewing the neutral beam-line at the exit of NBI. Furthermore, the divergence of beamlets escaping single aperture of the last accelerating grid is deduced from the width of the Doppler-shifted lines. Recently, one of the NBI systems was modified by the removal of the Faraday copper shield from the ion source. The comparison of the beam composition and the beamlet divergence before and after this modification is also presented.
Diagnostics of the plasma parameters based on the K X-ray line positions for various 4d and 4f metals
Authors: Szymańska Ewa , Syrocki Łukasz , Słabkowska Katarzyna , Polasik Marek 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This paper shows the theoretical predictions of the outer-shell ionization effect on the positions of Kα1,2, Kβ1,3, and K β2 X-ray lines for some 4d-transition metals (molybdenum and palladium) and 4f rare-earth elements (dysprosium and ytterbium). The ionization energy shifts have been evaluated using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method, containing Breit interaction and quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections. The presented results are important for obtaining the information about some parameters of plasma generated by different sources, especially by pulsed power machine and short-pulse lasers.
Modelling of the electric field distribution in the brain during tDCS
Authors: Ashikhmin Alexander V. , Aliev Rubin R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe simulated the electric current distribution in the brain during transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) using an anatomically accurate human head model. We estimated an effect of common electrode montages on spatial distribution of the electric field during tDCS procedure and analyzed a sensitivity of the technique to variations of electrode size and orientation. We concluded that the used electrode montages are stable with respect to minor changes in electrode size and position, while an assumption of homogeneity and isotropy of the head model results in crucial changes of the electric field distribution. We determined the electrode montages suited to deliver strong effect on hippocampus and cerebellum.