bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A coupled plasma-thermal model for hollow cathode power decomposition and parametric analysis
Authors: Luo Zihao , Ren Junxue , Cao Lehui , Zhang Guangchuan , Wang Yibai , Zhang Zun , Wang Weizong , Tang Haibin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A 2D axisymmetric transient coupled plasma-thermal model is developed to simulate the plasma behavior during the self-sustained discharge of hollow cathodes, which presents a complete hollow cathode structure and energy transfer processes in multiphysics fields. The model has been validated by quantitative agreement between the simulation results and experimental data on the plasma and emitter temperature at the NSTAR cathode. The effects of thermal protection design, operating conditions, and geometric design on the cathode performance are analysed through electric and thermal power decomposition. The parametric analysis shows that the optimal thermal protection design is to use a 1/3 thickness cathode tube with 4 layers of radiation shielding close to the tube, which reduces 43.7% conductive and 61.1% radiative heat dissipation, respectively. Increasing the inlet flow rate counter-intuitively reduces the emitter temperature due to the potential reversal in the diffusion electric field dominated region, revealing that the flow rate can be traded for the dual optimisation of lifetime and power consumption. Under high current conditions, the IAT effect dominates the plume resistance to increase the discharge voltage after an inflexion point, which is the main factor limiting the cathode performance. A large internal radius gives a uniform low emission and helps to prolong life, while the orifice length should be avoided to be longer than 4 times the orifice radius due to the significantly enhanced Joule heating in the narrow orifice. The orifice radius determines the power deposition due to electron and ion bombardment through potential penetration. For high-current discharger cathodes dominated by electron bombardment, large or through-orifice designs are preferred, while for low-current neutralizer cathodes dominated by electron bombardment, small-orifice designs are recommended.
Berezinsky hidden sources: an emergent tension in the high-energy neutrino sky?
Authors: Ambrosone Antonio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The IceCube Collaboration has recently reported compelling evidence of high-energy neutrino emission from NGC 1068, and also mild excesses for NGC 4151 and CGCG420-015, local Seyfert galaxies. This has increased the interest along neutrino emission from hot-corona surrounding the super massive black holes of Seyfert Galaxies. In this paper, we revisit phenomenological constraints on the neutrino emission from hot-coronae of Seyfert galaxies, using an assumption of sub-equipartition between cosmic-rays and magnetic energy densities. We show that not only these sources are consistent with such an assumption but also that the data point towards low values for the ratio between thermal and magnetic pressure, the so called beta plasma parameters inside Seyfert galaxies. We exploit this finding to constrain the Seyfert diffuse neutrino flux and we obtain that, in order not to overproduce neutrinos, not all the sources can be efficient neutrino emitters. In our approach (along with previous findings), Seyfert galaxies provide a negligible contribution to the diffuse neutrino spectrum above ∼ 100 TeV, allowing space for other astrophysical sources. However, future data from high-energy neutrino telescopes will be crucial to shed more light onto the contribution of this source class to the cosmic neutrino background.
Interacting ultralight dark matter and dark energy and fits to cosmological data in a field theory approach
Authors: Aboubrahim Amin , Nath Pran 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The description of dark matter as a pressure-less fluid and of dark energy as a cosmological constant, both minimally coupled to gravity, constitutes the basis of the concordance
ΛCDM model. However, the concordance model is based on using equations of motion directly for the fluids with constraints placed on their sources, and
lacks an underlying Lagrangian. In this work, we propose a Lagrangian model of two spin zero fields describing dark energy and dark matter with an interaction term between the two along with self-interactions. We study the background evolution of the fields as well as their linear perturbations, suggesting an alternative to ΛCDM with dark matter and dark energy being fundamental dynamical fields. The parameters of the model are extracted using a Bayesian inference tool based on multiple cosmological data sets which include those of Planck (with lensing), BAO, Pantheon, SH0ES, and WiggleZ. Using these data, we set constraints on the dark matter mass and the interaction strengths. Furthermore, we find that the model is able to alleviate the Hubble tension for some data sets while also resolving the S
8 tension.
A GPU Algorithm for Solving the Positions of New Pulsars
Authors: Fang 方 Ziyao 子瑶 , Zhu 朱 Weiwei 炜玮 , Miao 缪 Chenchen 晨晨 , Zhou 周 Yukai 宇凯 , Zhou 周 Dejiang 德江 , Chen 陈 Tianlu 天禄 , Fu 付 Qiuyang 秋阳 , Meng 孟 Lingqi 令祺 , Miao 缪 Xueli 雪丽 , Niu 牛 Jiarui 佳瑞 , Xue 薛 Mengyao 梦瑶 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Timing newly discovered pulsars requires gradually building up a timing model that connects observations taken days to months apart. This sometimes can be challenging when our initial knowledge of the pulsar’s position is arcminutes off from its true position. Such a position error leads to significant arrival time shifts as a result of the Earth’s orbital motion. Traditional down-hill fitting timing algorithms become ineffective when our model predicts the wrong pulse rotations for our next observation. For some pulsars whose model prediction is not too far off, the correct rotation number could be found by trial-and-error methods. For the remaining challenging pulsars, a more generalized method is called for. This paper proposes a GPU-based algorithm that could exhaustively search a large area of trail positions for probable timing solutions. This could help find phase-connected timing solutions for new pulsars using brute force.
I-mode plasma confinement improvement by real-time lithium injection and its classification on EAST tokamak
Authors: Zhong X.M. , Zou X.L. , Liu A.D. , Song Y.T. , Zhuang G. , Liu H.Q. , Xu L.Q. , Li E.Z. , Zhang B. , Zuo G.Z. , Wang Z. , Zhou C. , Zhang J. , Shi W.X. , Gao L.T. , Wang S.F. , Gao W. , Jia T.Q. , Zang Q. , Zhao H.L. , Wang M. , Xu H.D. , Wang X.J. , Gao X. , Lin X.D. , Li J.G. ,   EAST I-mode Working Group,   the EAST Team
Published: September 2024

Abstract
I-mode is a promising regime for future fusion reactors due to the high energy confinement and the moderate particle confinement. However, the effect of lithium, which has been widely applied for particle recycling and impurity control, on I-mode plasma is still unclear. Recently, experiments of real-time lithium powder injection on I-mode plasma have been carried out in EAST Tokamak. It was found that the confinement performance of the I-mode can be improved by the lithium powder injection, which can strongly reduce electron turbulence (ET) and then trigger ion turbulence (IT). And it was observed that the ET intensity is inversely proportional to the velocity shear, which suggests that the injection of lithium powder leads to a gradual enhancement of the shear flow, whereby the turbulence is reduced and consequently the confinement is improved. Four different regimes of I-mode have been identified in EAST. The Type I I-mode plasma is characterized by the weakly coherent mode (WCM) and the geodesic-acoustic mode (GAM). The Type II I-mode is featured as the WCM and the edge temperature ring oscillation (ETRO). The Type III I-mode corresponds to the plasma with the co-existence of ETRO, GAM, and WCM. The Type IV I-mode denotes the plasma with only WCM but without ETRO and GAM. It was observed that the WCM intensity is increased with lithium powder injection by the confinement improvement/pedestal temperature increase. EAST experiments demonstrate that lithium powder injection is an effective tool for real-time control and confinement improvement of I-mode plasma.
Clinical study of matrix vascular component gel combined with vacuum sealing drainage technique in chronic wounds
Authors: Wu Zeyong , Huang Haiyan , Shi Yucang , Li Jin , Liao Simu , Xu Shuhao , Xian Jiajie , Cai Xiaofen , Zhang Peihua , Wu Zhiyuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the efficacy of the combination of extracellular matrix/stromal
vascular fraction gel (ECM/SVF-gel) and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) on chronic wounds. From February 2021 to February 2022, 20 patients with chronic wounds were recruited and were divided into experimental and control groups, with 10 patients in each group. Following debridement, we applied various treatments to all cases for 2 weeks. Subsequently, we
observed the changes in the wound area and calculated the rate of wound healing. Simultaneously, the wound margin tissues were collected for histological analysis, and the inflammatory cell infiltration within the wound was assessed using HE staining. Masson staining was used to observe the collagen deposition on the wound surface, and CD31 immunohistochemistry was used to count the number of microvessels to evaluate the angiogenesis (Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR-INR-17 013 540). The therapeutic outcomes for all cases included in this study were favorable after a two-week treatment period, and the wound area was smaller than before. The experimental group exhibited a significantly higher rate of wound healing compared to the control group. As revealed by HE staining in the experimental group, there was a marked reduction in the infiltration of
inflammatory cells in the dermis. Masson staining demonstrated that the deposition of collagen fibers in the experimental group was more than the control group. CD31 immunohistochemistry showed an increased number of new blood vessels in the experimental group compared to the control group. Additionally, ECM/SVF-gel extract significantly enhanced the fibroblast proliferation and migration in vitro. The application of ECM/SVF gel combined with VSD in chronic wounds can accelerate wound healing by reducing inflammatory reaction, increasing collagen fiber deposition, and promoting angiogenesis. Therefore, the combination of ECM/SVF gel and VSD can be used as a simple, safe, and effective therapeutic method for chronic wounds.
Role of North Atlantic warming in the extremely hot summer of 2023 in North China
Authors: Feng Juan , Chen Yan , Chen Wen , Chen Shangfeng , Ding Shuoyi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A deadly heatwave hit North China in the summer of 2023, causing severe damage to human health and public infrastructure. However, the underlying physical mechanism is still unknown completely. In this study, we explore the causative role of anomalous sea surface temperatures in three oceans using observation and reanalysis data, as well as partial regression and correlation methods. This heatwave exhibited the longest maximum duration of the past 50 years. According to the probability density function, the maximum temperature also reached an unprecedented high. A long-lived anticyclone dominated North China, causing persistent downward motion and adiabatic heating, enabling the heatwave to form and continue for more than 20 d. The Indian, Pacific, and North Atlantic oceans all experienced extreme warming. However, our results indicate that North Atlantic warming played a decisive role in the occurrence of this heatwave by exciting a Rossby wave train that propagated eastward, generating the long-lived anomalous anticyclone and inducing heatwaves. In comparison, the other two oceans exhibited weak or negative contributions to the heatwave. As the North Atlantic shows an obvious warming trend with increasing global warming, more attention should be paid to its relationship with heatwaves in North China.
Radiative-conductive heat transfer dynamics in dissipative dispersive anisotropic media
Authors: Mariji Hodjat , Maslovski Stanislav 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We develop a self-consistent theoretical formalism to model the dynamics of heat transfer in dissipative, dispersive, anisotropic nanoscale media, such as metamaterials. We employ our envelope dyadic Green’s function method to solve Maxwell’s macroscopic equations for the propagation of fluctuating electromagnetic fields in these media. We assume that the photonic radiative heat transfer mechanism in these media is complemented by dynamic phononic mechanisms of heat storage and conduction, accounting for effects of local heat generation. By employing the Poynting theorem and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, we derive novel closed-form expressions for the radiative heat flux and the coupling term of photonic and phononic subsystems, which contains the heating rate and the radiative heat power contributions. We apply our formalism to the paraxial heat transfer in uniaxial media and present relevant closed-form expressions. By considering a Gaussian transverse temperature profile, we also obtain and solve a system of integro-differential heat diffusion equations to model the paraxial heat transfer in uniaxial reciprocal media. By applying the developed analytical model to radiative-conductive heat tranfer in nanolayered media constructed by layers of silica and germanium, we compute the temperature profiles for the three first orders of expansion and the total temperature profile as well. The results of this research can be of interest in areas of science and technology related to thermophotovoltaics, energy harvesting, radiative cooling, and thermal management at micro- and nanoscale.
Z22-graded supersymmetry via superfield on minimalZ22-superspace
Authors: Aizawa N , Ito Ren , Tanaka Toshiya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA superfield formalism for the minimalZ22-graded version of supersymmetry is developed. This is done by using the recently introduced definition of integration on the minimalZ22-superspace. It is shown that one may constructZ22-supersymmetric action by the procedure similar to the standard supersymmetry. However, the Lagrangian obtained has very general interaction terms, which give rise to aZ22-graded extension of many known theories defined in two-dimensional spacetime. As an illustration, we will give aZ22-extension of the sine-Gordon model different from the one already discussed in the literature.
A compartmentalized microfluidic platform to investigate immune cells cross-talk in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Palma Cecilia , Aterini Bianca , Ferrari Erika , Mangione Marta , Romeo Martina , Nezi Luigi , Lopa Silvia , Manzo Teresa , Occhetta Paola , Rasponi Marco 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The dysregulation of the immune system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of manyfold diseases, among which we find rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation in synovial joints, leading to pain and disability. Immune cells such as pro-inflammatory macrophages and T helper 1 (Th1) cells drive the inflammatory cascade. Thus, including immune system in in vitro models is pivotal to recapitulate and better understand the complex interactions between these immune cell subsets and their secreted mediators. Here, a compartmentalized microfluidic platform is presented, for precise confinement of circulating immune cells in organs-on-chip. The integration of innovative normally-closed sieving valves allows, through minimal waste of biological material, to co-culture different immune cell types (e.g. macrophages and Th1). Moreover, the platform allows to stimulate cell subsets separately, and to assess their cross-talk at desired time points. Functional validation of the platform demonstrates its ability to create stable chemotactic gradients, allowing for induction and evaluation of Th1 cells migration. In a proof-of-concept study, the platform allowed to assess Th1 T cells migration towards pro-inflammatory macrophages, thus replicating a characteristic interaction among immune cells triggered during RA onset. These results thus support the suitability of the platform to study immune cells cross-talk and migration phenomena, being potentially applicable to a manyfold immune cell mechanisms, both involved in RA progression and in different immune-mediated pathologies.
Effective reduction of iron impurities in recycled aluminium-silicon alloy type LM-6 through sedimentation and filtration with synthesized Mn, Cr and Zr transition metal powders
Authors: P Srinath , C Bhagyanathan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In secondary aluminium recycling, impurity reduction, especially of iron, is a significant challenge as it deteriorates the material quality in the aluminium melt. Recycled aluminium alloys are widely used in various industries, including automotive, marine, and structural engineering. Specifically, LM-6 aluminium alloy is commonly used in automotive engine parts and transmission cases. This research focused on reducing the excessive iron content in LM-6 alloy scrap. Elements like manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr) and zirconium (Zr) were added to the melt in form of synthesized powders to form intermetallic compounds. These powders will also act as grain refiners, neutralizers and reducing the detrimental effects on the alloys. The powders were synthesized using the ball milling method with a ball to powder ratio of (5:1) to enhance mixing and amalgamation with the melt. The melt was held at an optimized temperature of 640 ± 10 °C to promote the formation of intermetallic sludge, encouraging the sedimentation of aluminium-iron (Al-Fe) intermetallic phases. XRD confirmed the formation of AlMn, AlCr, AlZr with other phases. After sedimentation, a glass fabric mesh with a pore size of 200 μm was used to effectively filter out β-iron during the filtration process. This technique reduced iron impurity in the melt by 50%–60%. As a result, the mechanical properties of the recycled aluminium improved significantly: hardness increased by 14%, and tensile strength increased by 36%. The wear and corrosion resistance of the material also improved due to the incorporation of the synthesized powders. SEM analysis revealed the plate-like formation of iron structures and confirmed the presence of the manganese, chromium, and zirconium powders in the metallographic analysis.
Impacts of T6 heat treatment on the microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties of thixoformed AA7075 alloy produced by cooling slope casting
Authors: Acar Serhat , Guler Kerem Altug 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Research into semi-solid metal forming techniques has been ongoing for an extended period with the aim of producing near-net shape products from aluminum alloys. The primary focus has traditionally been on casting alloys seeking to offer an alternative to the other processes such as high pressure die casting. Over the past twenty years, wrought aluminum alloys have also been explored for thixoforming operations as an alternative to traditional plastic deformation techniques. This research investigated the impacts of T6 heat treatment on the microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties of AA7075 alloy samples produced through cooling slope casting and subsequent thixoforming with different reheating durations. The selected alloy was chosen due to its widespread use in various industries, attributed to its excellent strength-to-density ratio achieved after T6 heat treatment. Building on optimized cooling slope casting parameters from a prior study, the standard solution treatment procedure following thixoforming with extended reheating times was found to be inadequate. Hardness and tensile tests revealed that specimens reheated for 120 min exhibited significantly reduced response to T6 treatment. Despite achieving the targeted hardness value of 154 HB with samples reheated for 20 min prior to thixoforming and T6 heat treatment, especially the elongation at break values were unsatisfactory. Potentiodynamic polarization tests indicated that corrosion primarily involved grain dissolution, with longer reheating times decreasing corrosion resistance due to increased amount of secondary phases and grain isolation. These findings highlight that while AA7075 alloy can be processed into semi-solid formable materials via cooling slope casting, issues such as hot tearing, micro-shrinkage, and physical defects post-thixoforming hinder the achievement of desired tensile properties.
The effect of surface structure on hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance of the MgAlCe-LDH film prepared on the micro-arc oxidation coating of magnesium alloy
Authors: Wang Jia , Li Junming , Zhao Ziyuan , Liu Lintao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To improve the corrosion resistance of the AZ31B magnesium alloy, a micro-arc oxidation coating (MAO) was fabricated on the magnesium alloy, and a MgAlCe-doped layered double hydroxide (LDH) film was prepared on the surface of the MAO coating using the hydrothermal method. The LDH film was composed of LDH sheets, which can not only cover the pores of the MAO coating but also form a rough surface structure. With the increase of hydrothermal temperature from 80 to 110 °C, the average diameter of LDH sheets decreased from 2.5 to 0.75 μm; the average distance between the LDH sheets decreased from 3 μm to 0.39 μm; and the coverage rate increased from 56.5 % to 99.8 %. The further increase of hydrothermal temperature led to an inverse tendency of these structural parameters. The hydrophobicity increases with the increase of roughness factor. LDH sheets with small sizes and distances have a large roughness factor and excellent hydrophobicity. The corrosion resistance increases with the increase of the LDH coverage rate. The sample with an LDH coverage rate of 99.8 % had excellent corrosion resistance, with Ecorr of −0.311 V, Icorr of 2.967 × 10−9 A·cm−2, and the

Z

0.01
H
z

of 9.76 × 105 Ω·cm2.
Effect of natural hybrid fillers reinforced vinyl ester composites on mechanical and physical properties
Authors: Babu N B Karthik , V Vignesh , Arun Balasubramanian K , S Kamatchi Devi , Khan Anish , Hashem Mohamed , Fouad Hassan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Lately, green filler has become an imperative material in polymer composites due to its usage in engineering applications and increased environmental awareness. Herein, we introduce two novel green fillers namely Rice Husk (RH) and Tamarind Seed powder (TS) and using those fillers, hybrid vinyl ester composites were made in different combinations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt%) through compression moulding. The mechanical properties of prepared green fillers vinyl ester composites are assessed using flexural, impact, tensile and water absorption (hot, cold and salt water as the medium) tests. The fractured surface morphology has been analysed by SEM analysis. The test results revealed that the hybrid filler reinforcement has properties alteration capability and some properties of the vinyl ester composite were enhanced. In addition, it was revealed that the addition of natural fillers beyond a certain level (i.e. 15 wt%) leads to agglomeration of fillers and subsequent reduction in mechanical properties. For instance, the hybrid filler-reinforced samples showed higher elongation, flexural and impact strength than the pure vinyl ester.