bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Translation of PEDOT:PSS Microelectrodes for Intraoperative Monitoring
Authors: Ganji Mehran , Kaestner Erik , Hermiz John , Rogers Nick , Tanaka Atsunori , Cleary Daniel , Lee Sang Heon , Snider Jospeh , Halgren Mila , Cosgrove Garth Rees , Carter Bob S. , Barba David , Uguz Ilke , Malliaras George G. , Cash Sydney S. , Gilja Vikash , Halgren Eric , Dayeh Shadi A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecording neural activity during neurosurgical interventions is an invaluable tool for both improving patient outcomes and advancing our understanding of neural mechanisms and organization. However, increasing clinical electrodes' signal‐to‐noise and spatial specificity requires overcoming substantial physical barriers due to the compromised metal electrochemical interface properties. The electrochemical properties of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) based interfaces surpass those of current clinical electrocorticography electrodes. Here, robust fabrication process of PEDOT:PSS microelectrode arrays is demonstrated for safe and high fidelity intraoperative monitoring of human brain. PEDOT:PSS microelectrodes measure significant differential neural modulation under various clinically relevant conditions. This study reports the first evoked (stimulus‐locked) cognitive activity with changes in amplitude across pial surface distances as small as 400 µm, potentially enabling basic neurophysiology studies at the scale of neural micro‐circuitry.
Differential investment in body girths by sex: Evidence from 3D photonic scanning in a Thai cohort
Authors: Shirley Meghan K. , Cole Tim J. , Charoensiriwath Supiya , Treleaven Philip , Wells Jonathan C.K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesLife history trade‐offs may manifest between competing organs and tissues in the body. Sexual dimorphism in tissue investment is well‐established in humans, with sex‐associated body shape differences linked to natural and sexual selection. This study uses three‐dimensional (3D) photonic scanning to test whether males and females differentially invest energy in various body regions in relation to two independent proxies of growth.Materials and methodsBody shape data (multiple girths) came from a Thai cohort (n = 11,610; 53% female; age range 21‐88 years). Weight was considered a proxy for recent energy acquisition. Stature represented completed growth, a proxy for energy acquisition earlier in life. The data were analyzed using growth‐proxy by sex interaction log‐log regression models adjusting for age, salary and number of children.ResultsFor a given percentage increase in weight, females showed greater percentage increases than males in girths of the arm, chest, hip, thigh, knee and calf (p < 0.001), whilst males exceeded females in head and waist girths (alsop < 0.001). For a given percentage increase in height, weight and all girths showed greater proportional changes in males than females (p < 0.001).DiscussionThese results indicate sex‐specific life history strategies wherein the direction and timing of energy investment in girths varies between the sexes. The results add to literature suggesting that sexual dimorphism in body morphology is not a fixed trait; rather, differential energy allocation to specific body regions appears to be a plastic strategy adjusted in relation to energy acquisition across the life course.
Deviant burials and social identity in a postmedieval Polish cemetery: An analysis of stable oxygen and carbon isotopes from the “vampires” of Drawsko
Authors: Gregoricka Lesley A. , Scott Amy B. , Betsinger Tracy K. , Polcyn Marek 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesDeviant burials can reveal important information about both social and individual identity, particularly when the mortuary record is supplemented by an examination of skeletal remains. At the postmedieval (17th to 18th c. AD) cemetery of Drawsko (Site 1), Poland, six individuals (ofn = 285) received deviant, anti‐vampiristic mortuary treatment. A previous study using radiogenic strontium isotope ratios (= 0.7112 ± 0.0006, 1σ,n = 60) found that these “vampires” were in fact locals, not migrants to the region targeted for deviant burial due to their status as immigrant outsiders. However, considerable geologic overlap in strontium isotope ratios across the North European Plain may have masked the identification of at least some nonlocal individuals. This study further contextualizes strontium isotope ratios using additional biogeochemical data to test the hypothesis that additional nonlocals were present in the Drawsko cemetery.MethodsStable oxygen and carbon isotopes from the dental enamel of 58 individuals interred in both normative and atypical burials at Drawsko were analyzed.ResultsBothδ18Oc(VPDB)(= −4.5 ± 0.7‰) andδ13Capisotope values (= −13.6 ± 0.8‰) displayed little variability and were not significantly different between vampire and normative burials, supporting prior strontium results of a largely local population. Nevertheless, homogeneity in oxygen isotope values across other northern European sites makes it difficult to speculate about isotopic regional diversity, leaving open the possibility that additional migrants to the region remain undetected. Additionally, carbon isotope values point to a locally sourced diet dominated by C3resources but with some supplementation by C4goods that likely included millet, fitting with historic descriptions of postmedieval diet in Poland.ConclusionsThose interred as vampires appear local to the region and thus likely underwent deviant funerary treatment due to some other social stigma not apparent from the skeleton.
Direct Asymmetric Alkylation of Ketones: Still Unconquered
Authors: Cano Rafael , Zakarian Armen , McGlacken Gerard P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe alkylation of ketones is taught at basic undergraduate level. In many cases this transformation leads to the formation of a new stereogenic center. However, the apparent simplicity of the transformation is belied by a number of problems. So much so, that a general method for the direct asymmetric alkylation of ketones remains an unmet target. Despite the advancement of organocatalysis and transition‐metal catalysis, neither field has provided an adequate solution. Indeed, even use of an efficient and general stoichiometric chiral reagent has yet to be reported. Herein we describe the state‐of‐the‐art in terms of direct alkylation reactions of some carbonyl groups. We outline the limited progress that has been made with ketones, and potential routes towards ultimately achieving a widely applicable methodology for the asymmetric alkylation of ketones.
Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 by Nitrogen‐Doped Nanoporous Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Membranes: A Step Towards the Electrochemical CO2 Refinery
Authors: Wang Hong , Jia Jia , Song Pengfei , Wang Qiang , Li Debao , Min Shixiong , Qian Chenxi , Wang Lu , Li Young Feng , Ma Chun , Wu Tom , Yuan Jiayin , Antonietti Markus , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHerein we introduce a straightforward, low cost, scalable, and technologically relevant method to manufacture an all‐carbon, electroactive, nitrogen‐doped nanoporous‐carbon/carbon‐nanotube composite membrane, dubbed “HNCM/CNT”. The membrane is demonstrated to function as a binder‐free, high‐performance gas diffusion electrode for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate. The Faradaic efficiency (FE) for the production of formate is 81 %. Furthermore, the robust structural and electrochemical properties of the membrane endow it with excellent long‐term stability.
Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels–Alder Reactions: Principles and Applications
Authors: Png Zhuang Mao , Zeng Huining , Ye Qun , Xu Jianwei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder (iEDDA) reactions are an intriguing class of cycloaddition reactions that have attracted increasing attention for their application in bioorthogonal chemistry, the total synthesis of natural products, and materials science. In many cases, the application of the iEDDA reaction has been demonstrated as an innovative approach to achieve target structures. The theoretical aspects of this class of reactions are of particular interest for scientists as a means to understand the various factors, such as steric strain and electron density of the attached groups, that govern the reaction and thus to elucidate the reaction mechanism. This review aims to summarize both theoretical investigations and application‐driven research work on the iEDDA reaction. First, the historical aspects and the theoretical basis of the reaction, especially recent advances in time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations, as well as catalysis strategies will be highlighted and discussed. Second, the applications of this novel reaction in the context of materials science, bioorthogonal chemistry, and total synthesis of natural products will be elaborated with selected recent examples. The challenges and opportunities of the iEDDA reaction will be highlighted to give more insight into its potential applications in many other research areas.
Effect of valve design and anticoagulation strategy on 30‐day clinical outcomes in transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Results from the BRAVO 3 randomized trial
Authors: Linke Axel , Chandrasekhar Jaya , Sartori Samantha , Lefevre Thierry , van Belle Eric , Schaefer Ulrich , Tchetche Didier , Sardella Gennaro , Webb John , Colombo Antonio , Windecker Stephan , Vogel Birgit , Farhan Serdar , Sorrentino Sabato , Sharma Madhav , Snyder Clayton , Asgar Anita , Dumonteil Nicolas , Tamburino Corrado , Hink Ulrich , Violini Roberto , Stella Pieter , Bernstein Debra , Deliargyris Efthymios , Hengstenberg Christian , Baber Usman , Mehran Roxana , Anthopoulos Prodromos , Dangas George ,   for the BRAVO‐3 Investigators
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundSelection of valve type and procedural anticoagulant may impact bleeding and vascular complications in transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). We sought to compare outcomes by valve [balloon expandable (BE) or non‐BE] and anticoagulant [bivalirudin vs. unfractionated heparin (UFH)] type from the BRAVO‐3 trial.MethodsBRAVO‐3 was a randomized multicenter trial including 500 BE‐TAVR and 282 non‐BE TAVR patients, randomized to bivalirudin versus UFH. Selection of valve type was at the discretion of the operator but randomization was stratified according to valve type. Total follow up was to 30 days. We examined the incidence of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type ≥3b bleeding, major vascular complications and all ischemic outcomes at 30‐days. Outcomes were adjusted using logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf the trial cohort, 63.9% were treated with BE valves (n = 251 bivalirudin vs. n = 249 UFH) and 36.1% with non‐BE valves (n = 140 bivalirudin vs. n = 142 UFH). Patients treated with non‐BE valves were older, with higher euroSCORE I. At 30 days, there were nonsignificant differences between the two valve types for adjusted risk of all‐cause death (HR 2.07, 95% CI 0.91–4.70, P = 0.084) and major vascular complications (HR 1.78, 95% CI 0.97–3.26, P = 0.062) with non‐BE compared with BE valves, but all other outcomes were similar. A significant interaction was observed between valve and anticoagulant type, with lower risk of major vascular complications with bivalirudin compared with UFH in non‐BE TAVR (P‐interaction = 0.039).ConclusionsMajority of patients in the BRAVO 3 trial received BE valves. At 30‐days, adjusted risk of clinical outcomes was similar with non‐BE vs. BE valves. A significant interaction was observed between valve type and procedural anticoagulant for lower risk of major vascular complications with bivalirudin versus UFH in non‐BE TAVR.
Radiation‐induced tongue myokymia with hypoglossal nerve damage, mimicker of motor neuron disease
Authors: Memon Anza B. , Playfoot Kimberly A. 
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical MessageThis teaching case of tongue myokymia offers clear electromyographic findings of myokymic discharges on two different sweeps. Radiation‐induced tongue myokymia should be considered in the differential diagnosis for motor neuron disease (MND).
Platinum Complexes Bearing Bulky N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands as Efficient Catalysts for the Fully Selective Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Żak Patrycja , Bołt Małgorzata , Lorkowski Jan , Kubicki Maciej , Pietraszuk Cezary 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNew platinum(0) complexes of the general formula [(NHC)Pt(dvtms)] (dvtms=1,3‐divinyltetramethyldisiloxane) containing bulky N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands were prepared, characterized, and found to be catalytically active in the fully regio‐ and stereoselective dimerization of terminal acetylenes.
A Robust Ru/ZSM‐5 Hydrogenation Catalyst: Insights into the Resistances to Ruthenium Aggregation and Carbon Deposition
Authors: Zhang Bin , Wu Qifan , Zhang Chao , Su Xinluona , Shi Ruhui , Lin Weiwei , Li Yan , Zhao Fengyu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA long‐life topic in the field of heterogeneous catalysis has been to develop supported catalysts that are stable against the aggregation of active metal and carbon deposition. Herein, we report a highly stable Ru/ZSM‐5 catalyst for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid in water, which can be recycled at least 10 times without apparent loss of activity (conv. >95 %, yield >85 %). The influences of types of Al species, structure of support, Ru sizes, Ru leaching, and carbon deposition, etc. on activity and stability were discussed in detail. It was confirmed that the tetrahedral‐coordinated framework Al in ZSM‐5 contributed to the favorable metal–support interaction, and thus suppressed the aggregation and leaching of ruthenium during recycling. Besides, the suitable pore volume and channel network connectivity successfully prevent from deposition of carbonaceous residues.
A Series of Bimetallic Ammonium AlNa Formates
Authors: Yu Yao , Shang Ran , Chen Sa , Wang Bing‐Wu , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Gao Song 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA series of AlNa bimetallic ammonium metal formate frameworks (AlNa AMFFs) have been prepared by employing various ammoniums from NH4+ to large linear polyammoniums. The series consists of six perovskites of (412⋅63) topology for mono‐ammoniums, two chiral (49⋅66) frameworks incorporating polyethylene ammoniums, two niccolites with (412⋅63)(49⋅66) topology containing diammoniums, and two layered compounds made of 2D (4,4) AlNa formate sheets intercalated by small diammoniums. The first ten compounds present the structural hierarchy of (412⋅63)m(49⋅66)n framework topologies for (m, n)=(1, 0), (0, 1), and (1, 1), respectively, in parallel to the homometallic AMFFs for divalent metals. The symmetry lowering, asymmetric formate bridges, and different hydrogen‐bonding strengths appeared in the bimetallic structures owing to the different charge and size of Al3+ and Na+ seemingly inhibits the occurrence of phase transitions for more than half the AlNa AMFFs within the series, and the bimetallic members undergoing phase transitions show different transition behaviors and dielectric properties compared with the homometallic analogs. Anisotropic/negative/zero thermal expansions of the materials could be rationally attributed to the librational motion, or flip movement between different sites, of the ammonium cations, and the coupled change of AlNa formate frameworks. The thermal and IR spectroscopic properties have also been investigated.
Layered Double Hydroxides Derived ZnO‐Al2O3 Supported Pd‐Ag Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of Acetylene
Authors: Gao Xiaoping , Zhou Yanan , Jing Fangli , Luo Jingjie , Huang Qingsong , Chu Wei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractZnO‐Al2O3 derived from layered double hydroxides (ZnAl‐LDH) was successfully applied for dispersion of Pd‐Ag bimetallic catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene and the Pd‐Ag/ZnO‐Al2O3 catalyst showed the best catalytic performance among the prepared samples. It was found that the catalyst carrier of ZnO‐Al2O3 metal‐oxides derived form ZnAl‐LDH could significantly suppress the over‐hydrogenation of acetylene to obtain the relatively higher selectivity of ethylene. The introduction of Ag restricted efficiently the formation of coke because of the oligomerization reaction, which was further evidenced by thermal gravimetric analysis. The selectivity towards ethylene was in the order of Pd‐Ag/ZnO‐Al2O3>Pd/ZnO‐Al2O3>Pd‐Ag/Al2O3>Pd/Al2O3 at a high conversion level. As the thermal gravimetric and differential temperature analysis (TG‐DTA) revealed, Pd‐Ag intermetallic catalyst on the ZnO‐Al2O3 support showed less coke formation.
Three‐year risk of high‐grade CIN for women aged 30 years or older who undergo baseline Pap cytology and HPV co‐screening
Authors: Guo Ming , Khanna Abha , Wang Jianping , Dawlett Marilyn A. , Kologinczak Teresa L. , Lyons Genevieve R. , Bassett Roland L. , Sneige Nour , Gong Yun , Bevers Therese B. 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUNDPapanicolaou (Pap) cytology and high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA cotesting for women aged ≥30 years are recommended for the prevention of cervical cancer. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of this cotesting for predicting the risk of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) during a 3‐year follow‐up period.METHODSA retrospective database search identified women aged ≥30 years who had baseline HPV and Pap cytology cotesting results in 2007 or 2008 and for whom 3‐year follow‐up results were available. The cumulative 3‐year risks of developing CIN‐3 were calculated.RESULTSThe 3‐year follow‐up data after baseline Pap/HPV cotesting were available for 1986 women (mean age, 53 years). Of the 1668 women who had a baseline Pap‐negative (Pap‐)/HPV‐ cotesting result, 1561 (93.6%) had a follow‐up Pap cytology result that was negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy. Of the 1530 women who had follow‐up Pap/HPV cotesting, 1504 (98.3%) had a Pap‐/HPV‐ result. The 3‐year cumulative risk of developing CIN‐3 was found to be highest for women with a baseline Pap‐positive (Pap+)/HPV+ cotesting result (12.5%); the risk of CIN‐3 was lower in those with a Pap‐/HPV+ result (1.5%; P = .0032) or a Pap‐/HPV‐ result (0.06%; P<.0001). The 3‐year cumulative risk of CIN‐3 was found to be significantly greater for women with an HPV+ result (4.8%) compared with those with an HPV‐ result (0.06%; P<.0001).CONCLUSIONSPap cytology and HPV cotesting are valuable for stratifying CIN‐3 risk. Pap cytology and HPV co‐screening at a 3‐year screening interval appears to carry a low risk of CIN‐3 for women who have a baseline Pap‐/HPV‐ cotesting result. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:644‐51. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
The ecology of infection between a transmissive and a dead‐end host provides clues for the treatment of a plant disease
Authors: Garbelotto Matteo , Schmidt Doug , Swain Steven , Hayden Katherine , Lione Guglielmo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn plant pathosystems in which some hosts are transmissive and some are dead‐ends, infection is mediated by multiple factors including the susceptibility of both hosts, the sporulation potential of transmissive hosts, the mobility of infectious propagules, the presence of environmental factors conducive to infection, and the variability in distribution of both host types. The factors above were studied for the California forest disease sudden oak death caused by the pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. This pathogen is exotic to California, and while it sporulates at significant levels on the leaves of California bay laurels, four susceptible oak species appear to be non‐infectious dead‐end hosts. Here, we report, for the first time, on inoculum levels necessary to successfully infect adult oaks and on the distribution of such inoculum levels through time and space thanks to a seven‐year‐long monitoring effort across a network of 128 monitoring points. Through a series of geostatistical and statistical analyses, we show that the presence of high inoculum loads is positively correlated with close proximity to bay laurels, with high rainfall levels, and with warmer temperatures. Data are consistent with splash dispersal of the pathogen and show that increased presence of tanoak corresponds to a reduced presence of bay laurels and to a lower frequency of high inoculum events. Removal of bay laurels resulted in a substantial decrease of number of events in which spore loads were high enough to infect oaks. This effect was significant when bays were removed 10 m around sampling points, thus indicating that removal of bays 10 m around oaks is a valid approach to reduce infections of oaks.
In the face of pain: The choice of visual cues in pain conditioning matters
Authors: Egorova N. , Park J. , Kong J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundVisual cue conditioning is a valuable experimental paradigm to investigate placebo and nocebo effects in pain. However, little attention has been paid to the cues themselves and potential variability of effects (their quantity and quality) stemming from the choice of stimuli. Yet, this seemingly methodological question has important implications for the interpretation of experimental findings in terms of their significance for clinical practice.MethodsWe investigated the effect of heat pain conditioning using different types of visual cues (abstract images, faces and pseudo‐words) in a group of 22 healthy volunteers. We analysed conditioning effects calculated as the difference in pain ratings to heat stimuli of identical temperature preceded by conditioned high or low pain cues with (1) subliminal and supraliminal presentation; and (2) immediately after conditioning and following extinction. Awareness manipulation and test following indirect, observational extinction allowed us to assess the strength and robustness of the conditioning effects induced with different cue types.ResultsWe observed no differences in conditioning effect magnitudes between images, faces and words when all stimuli were presented supraliminally. With subliminal presentation, only face stimuli elicited a significant effect; equally only face cue‐induced effect withstood extinction.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that face‐related associations to pain might be stronger than those elicited with other visual cues, as face cues seem to induce stronger subliminal effects and withstand mild extinction.SignificanceWe compared different types of neutral cues commonly used in conditioning paradigms and found that faces elicited a stronger, more robust nonconscious effect than abstract images or pseudo‐words.