bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapiemonitoring beim metastasierten kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Hinz Stefan 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungFür die Behandlung des metastasierten kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinoms (mCRPC) stehen aktuell als Therapieoptionen Abirateronacetat, Enzalutamid, Docetaxel, Cabazitaxel und Radium-223 zur Verfügung, wobei die optimale Abfolge in der Therapiesequenz noch unklar ist. Es existieren auch noch keine verlässlichen prädiktiven Biomarker zur Vorhersage des Therapieansprechens und damit zur besseren Patientenselektion. Für das Gesamtüberleben ist entscheidend, dass jeder Patient möglichst alle verfügbaren Therapieoptionen erhält. Dies setzt ein frühzeitiges Erkennen einer Progression als Indikation für einen Therapiewechsel voraus. In diesem Zusammenhang ist die Durchführung eines strukturierten Therapiemonitorings im klinischen Alltag wichtig.
Beeinflussung der Lebensqualität beim metastasierten kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinom – eine Übersicht
Authors: Miller Kurt 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungMit dem Auftreten von Metastasen verschlechtert sich zusehends auch die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität von Karzinom-Patienten. Vor allem Fatigue, Schlafstörungen, Knochenschmerzen, Obstipation und andere krankheitsassoziierte Symptome belasten die Betroffenen sehr. Infolge der verbesserten Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und längeren Überlebenszeiten stellen auch Symptomkontrolle und Verbesserung der Lebensqualität wichtige Ziele der Tumortherapie dar. Bei Patienten mit metastasiertem kastrationsresistentem Prostatakarzinom (mCRPC) konnte für Abirateronacetat und Enzalutamid neben der signifikanten Überlebensverlängerung auch ein signifikanter Nutzen hinsichtlich mehrerer Parameter der Lebensqualität gezeigt werden.
Semimembranosus Muscle Injuries In Sport. A Practical MRI use for Prognosis
Authors: Balius Ramon , Bossy Mireia , Pedret Carles , Capdevila Lluís , Alomar Xavier , Heiderscheit Bryan , Rodas Gil 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study semimembranosus musculotendinous injuries (SMMTI) and return to play (RTP). The hypothesis is that some related anatomic variables of the SM could contribute to the prognosis of RTP. The retrospective study was done with 19 athletes who suffered SMMTI from 2010 to 2013 and in whose cases a 3.0T MRI was performed. We evaluated the A, B, C SM regions damaged and calculated the relative length and percentage of cross-sectional area (CSA) affected. We found the correlation of these variables with RTP. The data was regrouped in those cases where the part C of the injury was of interest and those in which the C region was unscathed (pooled parts). We used the Mann-Whitney U test and there was a higher RTP when the injury involved the C part of SM (49.1 days; 95% CI [27.6– 70.6]) compared to non-C-part involvement (27.8 days; 95% CI [19.5–36.0]). The SMMTI with longer RTP typically involves the C part with or without participation of the B part. In daily practice, the appearance on MRI of an altered proximal tendon of the SM indicates that the injury affects the C region and therefore has a longer RTP.
Endocuff-assisted vs. standard colonoscopy in the fecal occult blood test-based UK Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (E-cap study): a randomized trial
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rupam , Chedgy Fergus , Kandiah Kesavan , Fogg Carole , Higgins Bernard , Haysom-Newport Ben , Gadeke Lisa , Thursby-Pelham Fergus , Ellis Richard , Goggin Patrick , Longcroft-Wheaton Gaius , Bhandari Pradeep 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Up to 25 % colorectal adenomas are missed during colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the endocuff could improve polyp detection in an organized bowel cancer screening program (BCSP).
Patients and methods This parallel group, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial included patients with positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT) who were attending for BCSP colonoscopy. The primary outcome was the number of polyps per patient. Secondary outcomes included the number of adenomas per patient, adenoma and polyp detection rates, and withdrawal times.
Results A total of 534 BCSP patients were randomized to endocuff-assisted or standard colonoscopy. The mean age was 67 years and the male to female ratio was 1.8:1. We detected no significant difference in the number of polyps per patient (standard 1.8, endocuff 1.6; P = 0.44), adenomas per patient (standard 1.4, endocuff 1.3; P = 0.54), polyp detection rate (standard 69.8 %, endocuff 70.3 %; P = 0.93), adenoma detection rate (standard 63.0 %, endocuff 60.9 %; P = 0.85), advanced adenoma detection rate (standard 18.5 %, endocuff 16.9 %; P = 0.81), and cancer detection rate (standard 5.7 %, endocuff 5.3 %; P = 0.85). The mean withdrawal time was significantly shorter among patients in the endocuff group compared with the standard colonoscopy group (16.9 vs. 19.5 minutes; P < 0.005). The endocuff had to be removed in 17/266 patients (6.4 %) because of inability to pass through the sigmoid colon.
Conclusions This study did not find improved polyp or adenoma detection with endocuff-assisted colonoscopy in the FOBT-positive BCSP population. A shorter withdrawal time with endocuff may reflect improved views and stability provided by the endocuff.Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02529007).
Primary Isolation and Characterization of Tenacibaculum maritimum from Chilean Atlantic Salmon Mortalities Associated with a Pseudochattonella spp. Algal Bloom
Authors: Apablaza Patricia , Frisch Kathleen , Brevik Øyvind Jakobsen , Småge Sverre Bang , Vallestad Camilla , Duesund Henrik , Mendoza Julio , Nylund Are 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study presents the first isolation of Tenacibaculum maritimum from farmed Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar in Chile. The isolate, designated T. maritimum Ch-2402, was isolated from gills of Atlantic Salmon at a farm located in region X, Los Lagos, Chile, during the harmful algal bloom caused by Pseudochattonella spp. in February 2016. The algal bloom is reported to have caused 40,000 metric tons of mortality in this salmon farming area. The bacterium T. maritimum, which causes tenacibaculosis, is recognized as an important pathogen of marine fish worldwide. Genetic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characterizations were used to describe the T. maritimum Ch-2402 isolate. The isolate was similar to the type strain of T. maritimum but was genetically unique. Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi isolates were also recovered during sampling from the same farm. Based on the fact that T. maritimum has been shown to cause disease in Atlantic Salmon in other regions, the presence of this bacterium poses a potential risk of disease to fish in the Chilean aquaculture industry.
Received November 6, 2016; accepted May 29, 2017 Published online July 26, 2017
Low active loading of cargo into engineered extracellular vesicles results in inefficient miRNA mimic delivery
Authors: Sutaria Dhruvitkumar S. , Jiang Jinmai , Elgamal Ola A. , Pomeroy Steven M. , Badawi Mohamed , Zhu Xiaohua , Pavlovicz Ryan , Azevedo‐Pouly Ana Clara P. , Chalmers Jeffrey , Li Chenglong , Phelps Mitch A. , Schmittgen Thomas D. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great potential as novel systems for nucleic acid delivery due to their natural composition. Our goal was to load EVs with microRNA that are synthesized by the cells that produce the EVs. HEK293T cells were engineered to produce EVs expressing a lysosomal associated membrane, Lamp2a fusion protein. The gene encoding pre‐miR‐199a was inserted into an artificial intron of the Lamp2a fusion protein. The TAT peptide/HIV‐1 transactivation response (TAR) RNA interacting peptide was exploited to enhance the EV loading of the pre‐miR‐199a containing a modified TAR RNA loop. Computational modeling demonstrated a stable interaction between the modified pre‐miR‐199a loop and TAT peptide. EMSA gel shift, recombinant Dicer processing and luciferase binding assays confirmed the binding, processing and functionality of the modified pre‐miR‐199a. The TAT‐TAR interaction enhanced the loading of the miR‐199a into EVs by 65‐fold. Endogenously loaded EVs were ineffective at delivering active miR‐199a‐3p therapeutic to recipient SK‐Hep1 cells. While the low degree of miRNA loading into EVs through this approach resulted in inefficient distribution of RNA cargo into recipient cells, the TAT TAR strategy to load miRNA into EVs may be valuable in other drug delivery approaches involving miRNA mimics or other hairpin containing RNAs.
rqt: an R package for gene-level meta-analysis
Authors: Zhbannikov Ilya Y , Arbeev Konstantin G , Yashin Anatoliy I 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMotivationDespite recent advances of modern GWAS methods, it is still remains an important problem of addressing calculation an effect size and corresponding p-value for the whole gene rather than for single variant.ResultsWe developed an R package rqt, which offers gene-level GWAS meta-analysis. The package can be easily included into bioinformatics pipeline or used stand-alone. We applied this tool to the analysis of Alzheimer’s disease data from three datasets CHS, FHS and LOADFS. Test results from meta-analysis of three Alzheimer studies show its applicability for association testing.Availability and implementationThe package rqt is freely available under the following link: https://github.com/izhbannikov/rqt.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Changes in the size structure of marine fish communities
Authors: Bell Richard J , Collie Jeremy S , Branch Trevor A , Fogarty Michael J , Minto Coilin , Ricard Daniel 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Marine ecosystems have been heavily impacted by fishing pressure, which can cause major changes in the structure of communities. Fishing directly removes biomass and causes secondary effects such as changing predatory and competitive interactions and altering energy pathways, all of which affect the functional groups and size distributions of marine ecosystems. We conducted a meta-analysis of eighteen trawl surveys from around the world to identify if there have been consistent changes in size-structure and life history groups across ecosystems. Declining biomass trends for larger fish and invertebrates were present in nine systems, all in the North Atlantic, while seven ecosystems did not exhibit consistent declining trends in larger organisms. Two systems had alternative patterns. Smaller taxa, across all ecosystems, had biomass trends with time that were typically flat or slightly increasing. Changes in the ratio of pelagic taxa to demersal taxa were variable across the surveys. Pelagic species were not uniformly increasing, but did show periods of increase in certain regions. In the western Atlantic, the pelagic-to-demersal ratio increased across a number of surveys in the 1990s and declined in the mid 2000s. The trawl survey data suggest there have been considerable structural changes over time and region, but the patterns are not consistent across all ecosystems.
The Vaccine Handbook
Authors: Tan, MD, Tina Q. , Gerbie, MD, Melvin V. , Flaherty, MD, John P. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Vaccines are an integral part of routine preventative health care for persons of all ages and play an integral role in protecting individuals against vaccine-preventable diseases. This handbook provides easy-to-understand, practical information on routinely recommended preventative vaccines for persons of all ages. It is written to be an informative, easily accessible, quick resource that addresses common vaccine issues that may be encountered by busy health-care providers in different specialties and at all different levels of training and practice. The “Did you know that” sections at the beginning of each chapter provide interesting facts on vaccines and vaccine preventable diseases. The FAQ section at the end of each chapter provides answers to commonly encountered situations in clinical practice involving vaccines. Exploring the different sections of this handbook will arm the reader with the tools needed to discuss the importance of vaccines and recommend the appropriate vaccines for their patients in order to optimally protect them against vaccine preventable diseases.
Vaccine Overview
Authors: Tan Tina Q. , Flaherty John P. , Gerbie Melvin V. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This chapter introduces commonly used vaccines in a variety of clinical settings and provides information about proper administration and dosing. Details of types of immunizations such as active vs passive and inactivated vs live-attenuated vaccines are presented. CDC recommendations are noted including “routine” vs “permissive”. It also contains practical tips for addressing vaccine hesitancy and debunks common myths about vaccines such as the misconception that they cause autism or the diseases they are intended to prevent. Multiple other misconceptions are discussed and suggestions given to how to address patient and family concerns including natural vs vaccine induced immunity, risks of vaccines, and presence of toxins. The chapter concludes with multiple tables of vaccine types, dosages, adjuvants, and other useful information.
Travel Vaccines
Authors: Tan Tina Q. , Flaherty John P. , Gerbie Melvin V. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Vaccines for travelers visiting countries or regions in which vaccine preventable infectious disease is endemic are discussed. This chapter also discusses vaccination recommendations for health-care workers, animal handlers, veterinarians, and others who are in regular contact with bodily fluids, human waste, live animals, or animal parts. Specific illnesses such as yellow fever, typhoid fever, cholera, and rabies are discussed in detail relating to their geographic sites, clinical courses, incubation periods, transmissibilities, treatments, and vaccine prophylaxes. Typhoid fever history in the US is discussed. The need and usefulness of certified Travel Clinics are emphasized. Each illness has specific FAQs providing useful responses to patient concerns.
Epidemiology of Psychiatric Disorders Associated with HIV and AIDS
Authors: Cournos Francine , McKinnon Karen , Wainberg Milton 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This chapter presents the prevalence of common and severe mental illnesses among people with HIV infection, as well as the prevalence of HIV infection among people with severe mental illness. It begins with a look at population-based studies, which are limited in number, then discusses specific disorders studied in smaller studies with selected populations. While the chapter is largely focused on epidemiology in the United States, selected studies from other regions are cited. Taken together, studies show that people with HIV infection have high rates of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, although these disorders tend to be milder than they were before effective antiretroviral therapy. The rates of current alcohol- and drug-related disorders mirror those for the general population, but lifetime rates among people with HIV infection are higher, as are rates of depression, anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, psychosis and personality disorder. Rates of HIV infection among people with severe mental illness in the U.S. are clearly elevated in comparison to those for the general population. Despite scientific advances, the absence of a strong focus on mental disorders remains a glaring omission in progress on HIV prevention, care, and treatment.
Global Aspects of the HIV Pandemic
Authors: Letang Emilio , Cournos Francine , Prybylski Dimitri , Colby Donn , Dokubo E. Kainne , Lee Chuan-Mei , del Amo Julia , Blanch Jordi , Martínez Esteban , Noy Gaddy , Ahmad-Stout Farah , Forstein Marshall , Gorman Sara 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This chapter presents the complex and diverse nature of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on a global scale, as well as a global epidemiology of HIV. The hardest-hit region of the world is sub-Saharan Africa, where heterosexual transmission dominates. Here the overall rate of new HIV infections has decreased in 25 countries by 50% between 2001 and 2011, coupled with scale-up of antiretroviral therapy and prevention of mother-to-child transmission. The Asia-Pacific region has the second highest burden of HIV in the world and, despite a decline in the annual number of new infections, is also seeing increasing HIV prevalence in high-risk groups. In Europe there is a clear division between the epidemics in eastern and western countries. Although antiretroviral therapy has led to great advances in health in this region, late identification of illness and barriers to care for stigmatized populations are a ubiquitous problem in the European Union. In the United States, despite reasonably good access to care, the incidence of HIV has not declined significantly since the advent of effective treatment. Substantial efforts and new strategies in the United States and the Americas have been developed to meet the goals of prevention and care engagement. The chapter also identifies the work needed to address the nuanced challenges to HIV prevention and treatment in different subpopulations across the world.
AIDS Orphans and Other Children Affected by HIV
Authors: Makurumidze Getrude , Gamell Anna , Letang Emili 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the number of deaths in reproductive age groups has led to nearly 18 million children being left orphaned. Orphans are not only faced with the loss of one or both parents but may also suffer loss of property and inheritance, disruption from school, and psychosocial distress from the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS. This chapter explores the psychological, social, and cultural aspects of HIV/AIDS orphanhood. It addresses the financial and emotional support that orphans and their caregivers need, as well as key strategies shown to be effective to protect, support, and empower orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). Such strategies include providing education, psychosocial care and support, household economic strengthening, social protection, health and nutrition, child and legal protection, and capacity building. However, despite the considerable progress achieved, multiple challenges still prevent many OVC from receiving effective care and support. These aspects need to be urgently addressed in order to build evidence-based programs, respond to the needs of all AIDS-affected children, and achieve the dream of an AIDS-free generation.
HIV Advocacy
Authors: Collins Simon , Horn Tim , Gangte Loon , Trenado Emmanuel , Dubula Vuyiseka 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Community responses to the AIDS crisis have changed traditional approaches to medicine, healthcare, health systems, and research. Earlier approaches were rooted in widespread discrimination against key affected populations who were already socially marginalized. The background of community responses, first in the United States and then in other regions, each has a special history. This chapter provides an overview of historical community responses to HIV and is written by activists from the United States, India, South Africa and Western Europe. Examples of key projects include the role of peer advocacy and treatment literacy, which have enabled people living with HIV to learn more about HIV and treatment, adherence, treatment choice, drug resistance, and pipeline research for better drugs in the future. The outcome of this advocacy is that people living with HIV have been empowered to take an active role in their healthcare. HIV advocacy also provides an example of how the international activism that has changed the face of global healthcare is rooted in similar principles developed by early HIV-positive activists and is just as relevant today.
A Biopsychosocial Approach to Psychiatric Consultation in Persons with HIV and AIDS
Authors: Ashley Kenneth , Safin Daniel , Cohen Mary Ann 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Persons with HIV and other severe and complex medical illness referred for psychiatric evaluation deserve a comprehensive and empathic psychosocial assessment. A biopsychosocial approach to care considers each individual in the context of family, community, and society. Such an evaluation may have implications regarding health, coordinated care, adherence, and risk reduction. This chapter provides a review of the elements and process of a comprehensive psychiatric consultation in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. Some elements discussed include assessment of history and current psychiatric symptoms, illness, and care; alcohol and other drug use; suicidality; childhood and later trauma and intimate partner violence; spirituality; sexuality; sexual orientation; gender identity; sexual pleasure; and sexual health promotion. A comprehensive psychosocial and psychiatric examination also includes a complete cognitive evaluation and cultural formulation interview, and history of discrimination. Also addressed is the potential role of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in an individual’s psychiatric health.
Neuropsychological Evaluation for Persons with HIV and AIDS
Authors: Oladeji Bibilola D. , Robertson Kevin R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
With recent developments in the classification and definitions for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), neuropsychological assessments have become central to the diagnostic process. The pattern and manifestation of neurocognitive dysfunction associated with HIV have changed since the introduction of effective antiretroviral medications and their increasingly widespread use. Prior to the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, severe cognitive disorder presenting as HIV-associated dementia (HAD) was a common manifestation of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. In more recent times, however, milder forms of neurocognitive impairment have become more common, often being asymptomatic and difficult to recognize without formal neuropsychological testing. Hence, recognizing individuals at most risk for cognitive decline through neuropsychological testing will offer opportunities for developing targeted interventions that could delay disease progression and improve individual functioning and quality of life.
Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder—The Special Role in HIV Transmission
Authors: Douaihy Antoine , Grubisha Melanie , Lyon Maureen , Cohen Mary Ann 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in persons with HIV is higher than in the general population. Adults with HIV are likely to have experienced traumatic events that place them at risk for developing PTSD. Among women with HIV, PTSD may be more common than depression, suicidality, and substance use. The high prevalence of PTSD is related to increased exposure to traumatic experiences such as physical violence and sexual assault, including intimate partner violence and childhood sexual abuse. The co-occurrence of PTSD and HIV creates complex challenges for both the management of HIV and treatment of PTSD. Individuals with PTSD and HIV experience more rapid illness progression and poorer health-related quality of life, with health-compromising behaviors such as substance use, high-risk sexual behavior, poor utilization of services, and low adherence to antiretroviral therapy. This chapter addresses the complexities of HIV, trauma, and PTSD and recommends trauma-informed care in the treatment of people living with HIV and AIDS.