bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral endoscopic volume reduction in a woman with severe emphysema
Authors: Hillerdal Gunnar 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn selected patients with severe heterogenous emphysema lung volume reduction can be performed by using endobronchial valves. So far, only unilateral procedures have been published. Here is described a patient where a right‐sided closure of the right upper lobe resulted in an increase of FEV1sec of more than 50%, and some years later the procedure was repeated on the left side with further considerable improvement. A tracheal bronchus to the apical segment of the right upper lobe made measuring the collateral flow at bronchoscopy impossible, but clearly visible fissures were used as a substitute. In conclusion, valve treatment in suitable patients can give substantial improvement in lung function and quality of life and can be repeated on the other side if warranted some years later.
Ex vivo lung perfusion
Authors: Reeb Jeremie , Cypel Marcelo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLung transplantation is an established life‐saving therapy for patients with end‐stage lung disease. Unfortunately, greater success in lung transplantation is hindered by a shortage of lung donors and the relatively poor early‐, mid‐, and long‐term outcomes associated with severe primary graft dysfunction. Ex vivo lung perfusion has emerged as a modern preservation technique that allows for a more accurate lung assessment and improvement in lung quality. This review outlines the: (i) rationale behind the method; (ii) techniques and protocols; (iii) Toronto ex vivo lung perfusion method; (iv) devices available; and (v) clinical experience worldwide. We also highlight the potential of ex vivo lung perfusion in leading a new era of lung preservation.
The significance of pre‐operative coronary interventions on outcome after pancreas transplantation
Authors: Laurence Jerome M. , Barbas Andrew S. , Sapisochin Gonzalo , Marquez Max A. , Bazerbachi Fateh , Selzner Markus , Norgate Andrea , McGilvray Ian D. , Schiff Jeffrey , Ross Heather , Cattral Mark S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPancreas transplant candidates are at very high risk of coronary vascular disease. We hypothesized that the requirement for pre‐operative coronary intervention (PCI) may be associated with an adverse impact on short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Retrospective analysis of 366 consecutive primary pancreas transplants was undertaken. Outcomes were compared between recipients who had undergone PCI (n = 48) and those who had not (n = 318). In 48% (23/48) of instances, the PCI was initiated by the transplant cardiology evaluation. The recipients undergoing PCI were older than those not undergoing PCI (47.6 yr vs. 41.9 yr, respectively, p < 0.0001). Although not statistically significant, there was a higher rate of post‐operative major cardiovascular events (MCVE) in the PCI group (10.4%) compared with those not undergoing PCI (4.7%) (RR [95% CI]: 2.0 [0.90–4.5]; p = 0.17). In the long term, there were no differences in the rate of death with graft function (p = 0.77) or rejection (p = 0.17). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to patient (p = 0.54), kidney (p = 0.76), or pancreas (p = 0.63) graft survival. PCI is not a risk factor for short‐term perioperative events, and long‐term transplant outcomes are equivalent to patients not requiring PCI. PCI, by itself, should not be considered a contraindication for pancreas transplantation, but should raise awareness of perioperative risk.
The dynamic and clinical significance of autoantibodies and immunoglobulins in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Stanca Carmen M. , Aloman Costica , Fiel Maria Isabel , Raja Kaiser , Uskudar Oguz , Florman Sander , Schiano Thomas D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLittle is known about autoantibody pattern in liver transplantation (LT). The aim of the study was to examine autoantibodies (AAB) and immunoglobulins in patients with end‐stage liver disease before and after LT. Patients with LT who underwent post‐LT biopsies between 10/2008 and 8/2011 were enrolled. AAB were assessed at the time of LT and liver biopsy. Demographics, serum immunoglobulins, AAB, and liver histology (explant, post‐LT biopsies) were analyzed. Two hundred and twenty patients (M/F 143/77; age at LT 54 (19–73)) were included; AAB and immunoglobulins were evaluated in 76 patients. Length of follow‐up from LT was 285 (30–1462) days. Sixty‐one percent of patients had hepatitis C (HCV); 83% developed recurrent HCV. A significant decrease in IgG, IgA, IgM (p < 0.001 each), anticardiolipin antibodies IgG and IgM (p = 0.02), and beta‐2 microglobulin (p = 0.004) was observed post‐LT. HCV patients had higher IgG (p = 0.005), rheumatoid factor (p = 0.044) before LT; elevated IgM was associated with increased inflammation in the explant (p = 0.007). Lower IgG levels and antismooth muscle antibodies were present before LT in a higher percentage in patients who would develop recurrent HCV (p = 0.004, p = 0.077, respectively). In conclusion, AAB change significantly after LT and have a different pattern in HCV. Some immunological markers are associated with HCV recurrence and advanced inflammation on explant.
Pre‐transplant wasting (as measured by muscle index) is a novel prognostic indicator in lung transplantation
Authors: Kelm Diana J. , Bonnes Sara L. , Jensen Michael D. , Eiken Patrick W. , Hathcock Matthew A. , Kremers Walter K. , Kennedy Cassie C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundFrailty in non‐transplant populations increases morbidity and mortality. Muscle wasting is an important frailty characteristic. Low body mass index is used to measure wasting, but can over‐ or underestimate muscle mass. Computed tomography (CT) software can directly measure muscle mass. It is unknown if muscle wasting is important in lung transplantation.Aim and MethodsThe aim of this single‐center, retrospective cohort study was to determine whether pre‐transplant low muscle mass (as measured by CT using Slice‐O‐matic software at L2–L3 interspace) was associated with post‐transplantation mortality, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), duration of mechanical ventilation, or primary graft dysfunction. Lung transplant recipients from 2000 to 2012 with a CT scan less than six months prior to transplant were included. Univariate, multivariate, and Kaplan–Meier analyses were conducted.ResultsThirty‐six patients were included. Those with low muscle index (lower 25th percentile) had a worse survival (hazard ratio = 3.83; 95% confidence interval 1.42–10.3; p = 0.007) and longer hospital LOS by an estimated 7.2 d (p = 0.01) when adjusted for age and sex as compared to those with higher muscle index.ConclusionLow muscle index at lung transplantation is associated with worse survival and increased hospital LOS.
Cytomegalovirus disease is associated with higher all‐cause mortality after lung transplantation despite extended antiviral prophylaxis
Authors: Beam E. , Lesnick T. , Kremers W. , Kennedy C.C. , Razonable R.R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe duration of anticytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis after lung transplantation (LT) varies among transplant centers.MethodsA retrospective review of CMV donor‐seropositive/recipient‐seronegative (D+/R−) and CMV recipient‐seropositive (R+) LT patients between January 2005 and September 2012 was performed. Starting January 2007, valganciclovir prophylaxis was given for at least 12 months (often lifelong) for CMV D+/R− and extended from three to six months for R+ LT patients. Risks of CMV infection and CMV disease, and mortality after LT, were assessed.ResultsA total of 88 LT patients were studied, including 32 CMV D+/R−, and 56 R+ patients. During the follow‐up period, 11 (12.5%) patients had asymptomatic CMV infection, and nine (10.3%) developed CMV disease. CMV disease (HR, 4.189; 95% CI: 1.672–10.495; p = 0.002) and CMV infection and disease (HR, 3.775; 95% CI: 1.729–8.240; p = 0.001) were significant risk factors for mortality. Overall, no significant difference was observed in rates of CMV infection or disease among LT recipients who received shorter vs. extended CMV prophylaxis.ConclusionsDespite extended prophylaxis, LT patients remain at risk of CMV infection and disease. CMV remains associated with increased mortality after transplantation.
Archiving the Source: Pasts and Futures of the Humanities
Authors: Davis Robert A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this essay Robert Davis provides a critical roadmap, which is also a genealogy, for understanding and examining the history of both the humanities and education in them. It relates appraisal of the so‐called “crisis” in contemporary teaching of the humanities to a deeper understanding of crisis as a condition for periodic reassessment and renewal of the humanities that has recurred at a number of key historical conjunctures since the early modern period, most notably at the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648 and at the coming of industrialization and mass education more than a century later. Davis focuses on the traditionalist defense of the humanities as a route to the humane while also acknowledging the power of the poststructuralist critique of this agenda and its complicity with the moral failures of Western society and imperialism. He concludes the essay by advocating a position “beyond critique” where the humanities and education in them can attain a new universalism and material relevance.
Teaching, Teacher Education, and the Humanities: Reconsidering Education as a Geisteswissenschaft
Authors: Biesta Gert 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this essay Gert Biesta asks what the humanities can contribute to the field of teacher education. In addressing this question he turns to the idea of education as a Geisteswissenschaft as it was developed in the German‐speaking context in the first decades of the twentieth century. In this conception, education is configured as an interested academic discipline that engages with normative questions concerning the telos of education and does so with a focus on meaningful human action rather than human behavior. Viewing education this way highlights the role of value judgments in teaching. The values that are at stake in such judgments, Biesta argues, are not to be understood as moral values but as educational values, a view that raises some important questions about the specific nature of educational normativity. In a final step Biesta discusses how the idea of education as a Geisteswissenschaft makes a difference for the field of teacher education.
Correlates of health‐related quality of life in adults with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A systematic review
Authors: Jones Becky , Reuber Markus , Norman Paul 
Published: December 2015

SummaryPsychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) often have a debilitating effect on patients’ lives. Patients, family members, and clinicians have yet to fully understand the mechanisms and treatment of this disorder. Although reviews exist about epileptic seizures, there have been no systematic reviews of studies focusing on the impact ofPNES. This review considers research on factors associated with the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients withPNES. Searches of Medline, PsycINFO,CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were conducted. Search terms identified studies that examined factors associated withHRQoL inPNES. Factors fell into three categories: (1) seizure and somatic factors, (2) psychological factors, and (3) coping strategies and family functioning. Fourteen articles were included. The majority of studies were cross‐sectional and were of weak to moderate quality. Depressive symptoms were negatively associated withHRQoL. Other factors associated with poorerHRQoL included dissociation, somatic symptoms, escape‐avoidance coping strategies, and family dysfunction. Variables such as seizure frequency and demographic factors were not significantly associated withHRQoL. Psychological and interpersonal factors, not seizure reduction, are important for theHRQoL of patients withPNES. The avoidance of emotions is proposed as a perpetuating factor in the difficulties associated with poorerHRQoL. A biopsychosocial approach has relevance for both the clinical and theoretical understanding ofPNES. Larger scale research on psychological and relational factors is needed to inform therapeutic approaches to enhanceHRQoL in patients withPNES.
Thalamic abnormalities in children with continuous spike‐wave during slow‐wave sleep: An F‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography perspective
Authors: Agarwal Rajkumar , Kumar Ajay , Tiwari Vijay N. , Chugani Harry 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveThalamic injury has been implicated in the development of continuous spike‐wave during slow‐wave sleep (CSWS) in children with epilepsy. We studied thalamic abnormalities in children with CSWS using F‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)–positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.MethodsTwenty‐three patients (12 male; mean age 9 years) with CSWS and normal thalami on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) underwent FDG‐PET. Thalamic glucose metabolism, represented by standardized uptake value normalized to whole brain (nSUV, RT for right thalamus and LT for left thalamus), and its asymmetry—absolute asymmetry index (AAI): ¦(RT‐LT)¦*100/[(RT+LT)/2]—was calculated. These values were compared with those from 10 normal healthy controls (five female; mean age 11.1 years).ResultsThalamic glucose metabolism was abnormal in 18 patients (78.3%). Thalamic nSUV was decreased (n = 6) or increased (n = 1) bilaterally in seven children without any asymmetry. Abnormal thalamic symmetry [AAI = 3.7–31.5% (0.8–3.3% in controls)] was seen in 11 children. Of these, six children had a unilateral thalamic metabolic abnormality (increased metabolism, n = 3 and decreased metabolism, n = 3), whereas 5 of 14 children had abnormal asymmetry index with bilaterally normal (n = 4) or increased (n = 1) thalamic metabolism. No clear association of thalamic metabolic abnormalities was seen with the stage of evolution of CSWS (prodromal, acute, or residual) or with the cortical FDG abnormalities.SignificanceFunctional thalamic abnormalities, both unilateral and bilateral, are frequently seen in patients with CSWS. FDG‐PET is a sensitive and quantifiable modality to detect these changes.
Surgical management of an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a foal: A multidisciplinary problem
Authors: Woodford N. S. , Hotson Moore A. , Renfrew H. , Tulloch L. , Casey M. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryA 5‐week‐old American Miniature filly was referred due to intermittent neurological signs of 4 weeks' duration. Clinicopathological findings showed increased ammonia and bile acids in venous blood samples. Abdominal ultrasonography detailed a portosystemic shunt (PSS). The foal underwent laparotomy and operative mesenteric portovenography, which further defined the PSS as extrahepatic portocaval in configuration. The PSS was occluded and intraoperative portovenography confirmed successful shunt occlusion. The foal made a good recovery from surgery and had a successful showing career until she succumbed to colic just over 3 years after surgery.
Prioritization of knowledge‐needs to achieve best practices for bottom trawling in relation to seabed habitats
Authors: Kaiser Michel J , Hilborn Ray , Jennings Simon , Amaroso Ricky , Andersen Michael , Balliet Kris , Barratt Eric , Bergstad Odd A , Bishop Stephen , Bostrom Jodi L , Boyd Catherine , Bruce Eduardo A , Burden Merrick , Carey Chris , Clermont Jason , Collie Jeremy S , Delahunty Antony , Dixon Jacqui , Eayrs Steve , Edwards Nigel , Fujita Rod , Gauvin John , Gleason Mary , Harris Brad , He Pingguo , Hiddink Jan G , Hughes Kathryn M , Inostroza Mario , Kenny Andrew , Kritzer Jake , Kuntzsch Volker , Lasta Mario , Lopez Ivan , Loveridge Craig , Lynch Don , Masters Jim , Mazor Tessa , McConnaughey Robert A , Moenne Marcel , Francis  , Nimick Aileen M , Olsen Alex , Parker David , Parma Ana , Penney Christine , Pierce David , Pitcher Roland , Pol Michael , Richardson Ed , Rijnsdorp Adriaan D , Rilatt Simon , Rodmell Dale P , Rose Craig , Sethi Suresh A , Short Katherine , Suuronen Petri , Taylor Erin , Wallace Scott , Webb Lisa , Wickham Eric , Wilding Sam R , Wilson Ashley , Winger Paul , Sutherland William J 
Published: December 2015

AbstractManagement and technical approaches that achieve a sustainable level of fish production while at the same time minimizing or limiting the wider ecological effects caused through fishing gear contact with the seabed might be considered to be ‘best practice’. To identify future knowledge‐needs that would help to support a transition towards the adoption of best practices for trawling, a prioritization exercise was undertaken with a group of 39 practitioners from the seafood industry and management, and 13 research scientists who have an active research interest in bottom‐trawl and dredge fisheries. A list of 108 knowledge‐needs related to trawl and dredge fisheries was developed in conjunction with an ‘expert task force’. The long list was further refined through a three stage process of voting and scoring, including discussions of each knowledge‐need. The top 25 knowledge‐needs are presented, as scored separately by practitioners and scientists. There was considerable consistency in the priorities identified by these two groups. The top priority knowledge‐need to improve current understanding on the distribution and extent of different habitat types also reinforced the concomitant need for the provision and access to data on the spatial and temporal distribution of all forms of towed bottom‐fishing activities. Many of the other top 25 knowledge‐needs concerned the evaluation of different management approaches or implementation of different fishing practices, particularly those that explore trade‐offs between effects of bottom trawling on biodiversity and ecosystem services and the benefits of fish production as food.
The proximate architecture for decision‐making in fish
Authors: Andersen Bjørn Snorre , Jørgensen Christian , Eliassen Sigrunn , Giske Jarl 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEvolution has since the very beginning resulted in organisms which can sort fitness‐related information from noise, evaluate it and respond to it. In animals, the architecture for proximate control of behaviour and physiology has been gradually evolving since before the Cambrian explosion of animal phyla. It integrates many different survival circuits, for example for danger, feeding and reproduction, and operates through reflexes, instincts, homeostatic drives and precursors to human emotions. Although teleost brains differ substantially from the much better understood brains of terrestrial vertebrates, their anatomy, physiology and neurochemistry all point towards a common and malleable architectural template with strong and flexible effects on fish behaviour and elements of personality. We describe the main components of this architecture and its role in fish behaviour from the perspectives of adaptation, evolutionary history and gene pools. Much research is needed, as several of the basic assumptions for architectural control of behaviour and physiology in teleosts are not thoroughly investigated. We think the architecture for behavioural control can be used to change ecosystem models from a bottom‐up perspective to also include behaviourally mediated trophic cascades and trait‐mediated indirect effects. We also discuss the utility of modelling based on proximate architectural control for fish welfare studies.
Development of microbiologically safe mung bean sprouts using combination treatment of sodium hypochlorite and gamma radiation
Authors: Nagar Vandan , Pansare Godambe Lipika , Shashidhar Ravindranath 
Published: December 2015

SummarySpecific group of people, with impaired immune system, are recommended to consume pathogen‐free foods. In this study, microbiologically safe ready‐to‐eat (RTE) mung bean sprouts were developed using combination treatment (CT) with 200 ppm sodium hypochlorite and 12 kGy dose of gamma radiation. Microbiological analysis of combination‐treated sprout samples showed complete elimination (<10 CFU g−1 of sprouts) of microbial load in these samples, even during storage at 4 °C up to 12 days. Combination treatment and storage period did not have any significant effect on the sensory qualities of RTE mung bean sprouts. However, reduction in the firmness and vitamin C content of combination‐treated sprout samples, similar to other food processing methods, was observed. These results suggest that CT is effective in sterilisation of mung bean sprouts. These sprouts can be included in the diets of special target groups and thereby improve in their quality of life.
Fructans, water‐soluble fibre and fermentable sugars in bread and pasta made with ancient and modern wheat
Authors: Gélinas Pierre , McKinnon Carole , Gagnon Fleur 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine wheat constituents in bread and pasta that might result in intestinal gas production. Fructans, water‐soluble arabinoxylans, arabinogalactan proteins and fermentable sugars were followed in bread and pasta made with ancient (Khorasan wheat; emmer) and modern wheats (common wheat; durum). After fermentation for 180 min, 80% of fructans were eliminated and higher levels of fructose than glucose accumulated in bread dough supplemented with sucrose. Whole‐grain Khorasan wheat and emmer flours inhibited yeast fermentative activity. Half of fructans, arabinogalactan proteins and sugars were washed out in cooking water for pasta. Water‐soluble wheat arabinoxylans increased in bread and cooked pasta. With very low levels (0.3–0.8%, dry basis), fructans in cooked pasta and, in particular, long‐fermentation bread prepared with modern or ancient wheat would unlikely act as major gas‐forming triggers of gastrointestinal discomfort associated with noncoeliac gluten sensitivity.
Molecular characterization of classical and nonclassicalMHCclassIgenes from the golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus)
Authors: Zeng Q.‐Q. , Zhong G.‐H. , He K. , Sun D.‐D. , Wan Q.‐H. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryClassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I allelic polymorphism is essential for competent antigen presentation. To improve the genotyping efforts in the golden pheasant, it is necessary to differentiate more accurately between classical and nonclassical class I molecules. In our study, allMHCclass I genes were isolated from one golden pheasant based on two overlappingPCRamplifications. In total, six full‐length class I nucleotide sequences (A–F) were identified, and four were novel. Two (A and C) belonged to theIA1 gene, two (B and D) were alleles derived from theIA2 gene through transgene amplification, and two (E and F) comprised a third novel locus,IA3 that was excluded from the core region of the golden pheasantMHC‐B.IA1 andIA2 exhibited the broad expression profiles characteristic of classical loci, whileIA3 showed no expression in multiple tissues and was therefore defined as a nonclassical gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the threeIAgenes in the golden pheasant share a much closer evolutionary relationship than the corresponding sequences in other galliform species. This observation was consistent with high sequence similarity among them, which likely arises from the homogenizing effect of recombination. Our careful distinction between the classical and nonclassicalMHCclass I genes in the golden pheasant lays the foundation for developing locus‐specific genotyping and establishing a good molecular marker system of classicalMHCI loci.