bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of blood metabolites in mediating the effect of gut microbiota on chronic gastritis
Authors: Liu Tianying , Chen Zhian , Sun Li , Xiong Lihui 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Exploring the link between gut microbiota and chronic gastritis (CG), and assessing the potential mediating influence of blood metabolites. Using aggregated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the genetic links between gut microbiota (412 types) and CG (623,822 cases). Furthermore, we utilized a two-step MR approach to measure the extent to which blood metabolites (1,400 types) mediate the impact of gut microbiota on CG. Through MR, we identified that three genetically predicted gut microbiota increased the risk of CG: the ubiquinol-8 biosynthesis pathway (OR 1.149, 95%CI 1.022–1.291),
Odoribacter
from the Porphyromonadaceae family (OR 1.260, 95%CI 1.044–1.523), and
Coprococcus
from the Lachnospiraceae family (OR 1.125, 95%CI 1.010–1.253). Currently, there is no evidence to suggest that genetically predicted CG affects the risk of gut microbiota. Four blood metabolites mediated the proportionate changes in genetically predicted gut microbiota: levels of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate levels by 14.9% (95% CI −0.559%, 30.3%), palmitoleate (16:1n7) levels, and the phosphate to alanine ratio together mediated the same microbiota by 6.97% (95% CI −1.61%, 15.6%) and 7.91% (95% CI −1.67%, 17.5%), while the phosphate to alanine ratio and X-12839 levels together mediated the same microbiota by 8.48% (95% CI −2.87%, 19.8%) and 10.7% (95% CI 0.353%, 21.1%). In conclusion, our research has confirmed a causal link between gut microbiota, blood metabolites, and CG. Metabolites such as 4-hydroxyphenylacetate levels, palmitoleate (16:1n7) levels, the phosphate to alanine ratio, and X-12839 levels have relatively significant mediating roles between gut microbiota and CG. These metabolites may influence the occurrence and development of CG by regulating inflammatory responses, energy metabolism, and gut barrier function. However, the majority of the influence of gut microbiota on CG remains unclear, necessitating further research into other potential mediating risk factors. Clinically, it is crucial to focus on patients suffering from CG who exhibit dysbiosis of gut microbiota.

IMPORTANCE
The results indicate that interactions between particular gut microbiota and blood metabolites may significantly contribute to the onset and progression of CG. These findings offer new insights and potential targets for early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and prevention of CG.
Hidden deep sulfide cumulates beneath the Jinchuan Ni–Cu–platinum-group element deposit (China) inferredfrom Ni–Cu isotopes
Authors: Zhao Yun , Wang Shui-Jiong , Xue Chunji , Brzozowski Matthew J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The mechanisms that concentrated metals in the world’s single largest nickel–copper–platinum-group element (Ni–Cu–PGE) sulfide deposit, the Jinchuan deposit in northwestern China, remain enigmatic. Nickel and Cu isotopes are novel isotopic systems that may fill this knowledge gap as they are major constituents of sulfide melt, the main carrier of economically important metals. Sulfide ores in the Jinchuan deposit are characterized by systematically high δ60/58Ni and δ65Cu values, which are positively correlated (r2 = 0.84), and show well-defined correlations with PGEs, S, Ni, and Cu contents, and Ni/Pd, Cu/Pd, and Pd/Ir ratios. The isotopic signatures can be best explained by the early segregation of sulfide melt at depth prior to ascent of the parental magmas, storing isotopically light Ni and Cu in deep magma chambers. Subsequent sulfide melt segregation and fractionation in shallow portions of the magmatic conduit generated the currently explored sulfide ores, with heavy and positively correlated Ni–Cu isotopic signatures. Therefore, hidden deep orebodies are promising targets for further exploration beneath the Jinchuan deposit.
Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean and the rise of Scandinavian mountains
Authors: Makushkina Anna , Tauzin Benoit , Miller Meghan S. , Tkalčić Hrvoje , Thybo Hans 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Large-scale topography is usually associated with tectonic plate boundaries, but the Scandinavian mountains (Scandes) are located far from any active tectonic setting, and their origin is unknown. We demonstrate that the Precambrian lithospheric structure of Fennoscandia controlled both the Cenozoic ocean opening and mountain rise in the North Atlantic region. Our new seismic receiver function analysis reveals a block of thick continental crust formed by Proterozoic crustal stacking. We propose that this block created a wide continental shelf bounded by two transform fault systems during continental breakup. This geometry resulted in the formation of lithospheric steps at the continental margin on both sides of the stacked crustal structure, coinciding with the highest Southern and Northern Scandes. We propose that edge-driven convection at these steps caused the mountain rise. This study presents a general model for the formation of high elevation behind passive margins.
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and uptake in a national cohort of English children and young people with life-limiting neurodisability
Authors: Cruz Joana , Harwood Rachel , Kenny Simon , Clark Matthew , Davis Peter J , Draper Elizabeth S , Hargreaves Dougal , Ladhani Shamez N , Luyt Karen , Turner Stephen W , Whittaker Elizabeth , Hardelid Pia , Fraser Lorna K , Viner Russell M , Ward Joseph Lloyd 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate SARS-CoV-2 vaccine uptake and effectiveness in children and young people (CYP) with life-limiting neurodisability.DesignWe undertook a retrospective cohort study using national hospital data in England from 21 December 2020 to 2 September 2022 to describe SARS-CoV-2 vaccination uptake, and then examined COVID-19 hospitalisation, paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and death following SARS-CoV-2 infection by vaccination status using Cox regression models.PatientsCYP aged 5–17 with life-limiting neurodisability.ResultsWe identified 38 067 CYP with life-limiting neurodisability; 13 311 (35.0%) received at least one SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, with uptake higher among older, white CYP, from less deprived neighbourhoods. Of 8134 CYP followed up after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, 1547 (19%) were vaccinated. Within 28 days of infection, 309 (4.7%) unvaccinated CYP were hospitalised with COVID-19 compared with 75 (4.8%) vaccinated CYP. 46 (0.7%) unvaccinated CYP were admitted to PICU compared with 10 (0.6%) vaccinated CYP. 20 CYP died within 28 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which 13 were unvaccinated. Overall, adjusted hazard of hospitalisation for COVID-19 or admission to PICU did not vary by vaccination status. When the Alpha-Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants were dominant, hazard of hospitalisation with COVID-19 was significantly lower among vaccinated CYP (HR 0.26 (0.09 to 0.74)), with no difference seen during Omicron (HR 1.16 (0.74 to 1.81)).ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 vaccination was protective of COVID-19 hospitalisation among CYP with life-limiting neurodisability during Alpha-Delta, but not for other SARS-CoV-2 variants. Vaccine uptake was low and varied by ethnicity and deprivation.
Intermittent sigh breaths during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in preterm infants: a randomised crossover study
Authors: Hough Judith Leigh , Jardine Luke , Hough Matthew James , Steele Michael , Greisen Gorm , Heiring Christian 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo determine if combining high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) with additional sigh breaths would improve end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) and oxygenation in preterm infants.DesignProspective interventional crossover study.SettingNeonatal intensive care unit.PatientsVentilated preterm infants <36 weeks corrected gestational age receiving HFOV.InterventionsInfants were randomly assigned to receive HFOV with sigh breaths followed by HFOV-only (or vice versa) for four alternating periods. Sigh breaths were delivered with an inspiratory time of 1 s, peak inspiratory pressure of 30 cmH20 and frequency of three breaths/min.Main outcome measuresElectrical impedance tomography measured the effect of sigh breaths on EELV and ventilation distribution. Physiological variables were recorded to monitor oxygenation. Measurements were taken at 30 and 60 min postchange of HFOV mode and compared with baseline.ResultsSixteen infants (10 males, 6 females) with a median (range) gestational age at birth of 25.5 weeks (23–31), study weight of 950 g (660–1920) and a postnatal age of 25 days (3–49) were included in the study. The addition of sigh breaths resulted in a significantly higher global EELV (mean difference±95% CI) (0.06±0.05; p=0.04), with increased ventilation occurring in the posterior (dependent) and left lung segments, and improved oxygen saturations (3.31±2.10; p<0.01).ConclusionIntermittent sigh breaths during HFOV were associated in the short-term with an increased EELV in the posterior and left lungs, and improved oxygen saturations in preterm infants.
Case–control study of milk curd obstruction in newborn infants in a tertiary surgical neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Walsh Orla , Anthony Ross , Wang Zeke , Cormack Barbara Elizabeth , Bloomfield Frank Harry 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundMilk curd obstruction (MCO), in which milk becomes inspissated, is a rare, serious, complication of preterm birth. Case reports implicate male sex and bovine-derived human milk fortifier (HMF) use as predisposing factors. We investigated this through a case–control study.MethodsMCO cases in the Starship Child Health neonatal database between 2008 and 2020 were matched with controls in a 1:2 ratio based on gestational age (±1 week), birth weight (±200 g) and date of birth (±1 month). Data were analysed using the Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test or χ² test as appropriate. Data are median (IQR) or n (%).ResultsOf 20 MCO cases, gestation was 26.1 (24.5–28.1) weeks, birth weight was 822 (713–961) g, 15 (75%) were male. 40 controls were well-matched for gestation (26.1 (24.8–27.9) weeks) and birth weight (849 (690–1066) g) but only 18 (45%) were male (p=0.05). MCO occurred at 21 (15–33) days; 6 (30%) cases died compared with 3 (7.5%) controls (p=0.06). HMF was commenced at 243 (150–309) hours in cases and 224 (172–321) hours in controls (p=0.95); full-fortification (manufacturer’s recommended dose) was achieved in 8 (40%) cases and 27 (68%) controls (p=0.08). In cases, MCO occurred 10 (7–17) days after commencing HMF. Medically/surgically-managed gut pathology occurred in 7 (35%) cases prior to MCO but in no controls (p<0.001).ConclusionsOur data support male sex but not HMF use as a predisposition to MCO. Evidence of prior medical/surgical gut pathology may be a premonition for MCO; however, further research is required to confirm this.
Association of polymorphisms in theHTRA1gene with myopia
Authors: Chen Shu Ying , Xu You Mei , Tam Pancy O S , Pang Chi Pui , Tham Clement C , Yam Jason C , Chen Li Jia 
Published: October 2024

PurposeTo evaluate the associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in thehigh-temperature requirement protease A 1(HTRA1)gene with myopia.Methods25 SNPs inHTRA1were selected, including 23 haplotype-tagging SNPs, SNP rs2142308 from a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) of myopia and rs11200638, a SNP strongly associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). All SNPs were genotyped in a Hong Kong Chinese cohort of 533 myopia subjects (including 175 high myopia, 189 moderate myopia and 189 mild myopia) and 280 non-myopic controls. The association of individual SNPs were evaluated in overall myopia and different subgroups of myopia using logistic regression.ResultsA tagging SNP, rs11200647, was significantly associated with myopia (p=2.17×10-4, OR=0.67). Nominal associations were detected for the AMD-associated SNP rs11200638 (p=0.0042, OR=1.37) and tagging SNPs rs12266322 (p=0.0048, OR=0.59) and rs17103569 (p=0.047, OR=1.34). The association of rs11200647 with myopia remained significant after adjusting for rs11200638, rs12266322 and rs17103569. In sub-group analysis, two tagging SNPs, rs11200647 (p=2.24×10-4, OR=0.58) and rs12266322 (p=8.31×10-4, OR=0.39), showed significant association with moderate myopia. In haplotype association analysis, haplotypes AT (p=1.00×10-4, OR=1.77) and haplotype GT (p=0.0019, OR=0.64), defined by rs11200647 and rs66884382, were significantly associated with myopia.ConclusionsThis study provided new evidence to supportHTRA1as an associated gene for myopia, especially moderate myopia. The findings suggested that myopia and AMD may have shared genetic components.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on time to treatment, treatment patterns and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dewi Pramitha Esha Nirmala , Youngkong Sitaporn , Sunantiwat Montaya , Nathisuwan Surakit , Thavorncharoensap Montarat 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia with respect to time to treatment, treatment pattern and treatment outcome.DesignThis is a retrospective cohort study in which medical records of hospitalised patients with ACS were reviewed.SettingThree hospitals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.ParticipantsPatients hospitalised with ACS during two pandemic periods (first pandemic period: March–August 2020; second pandemic period: March–August 2021) and prepandemic period (March–August 2019).Outcome measuresTime to treatment, treatment pattern and treatment outcome.ResultsA total of 598 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 615 with non-ST-elevation ACS were identified. Of these, 313, 484 and 416 were identified during the prepandemic period, first pandemic period and second pandemic period, respectively. For STEMI, the proportion of patients with a delay from symptom onset to first medical contact (FMC) was significantly higher during the second pandemic period as compared with the prepandemic period (47.7% vs 32.0%, OR=1.84, 95% CI 1.18, 2.85). The proportion of patients with STEMI with delayed door-to-balloon (D2B) time was significantly higher during the second pandemic period as compared with the prepandemic period (99.4% vs 92.9%, OR=13.08, 95% CI 1.57, 108.73). Significantly longer mean total ischaemic time (45.85 hours vs 30.29 hours, mean difference=14.56, 95% CI 1.85, 27.28) was observed among patients with STEMI during the second year of the pandemic as compared with the prepandemic period. No significant differences between the prepandemic period and the first pandemic period were found in terms of proportion of patients with STEMI with a delay in time from symptom onset to FMC, delayed D2B time and total ischaemic time. Only Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score (OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.03, 1.05) was a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThis study suggests a significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on time to treatment among patients with ACS. Health systems need to be well prepared to support effective and timely treatment of patients with ACS during future crisis.
Artificial intelligence-based CT-free quantitative thyroid SPECT for thyrotoxicosis: study protocol of a multicentre, prospective, non-inferiority study
Authors: Oh Dongkyu , Ryoo Hyun Gee , Chung Hyun Woo , Cho Sang-Geon , Kwon Kyounghyoun , Kim Ji Hye , So Young , Moon Jae Hoon , Ahn Soyeon , Lee Won Woo 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionTechnetium thyroid uptake (TcTU) measured by single-photon emission CT/CT (SPECT/CT) is an important diagnostic tool for the differential diagnosis of Graves’ disease and destructive thyroiditis. Artificial intelligence (AI) may reduce CT-induced radiation exposure by substituting the role of CT in attenuation correction (AC) and thyroid segmentation, thus realising CT-free SPECT. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy for the differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis between CT-free SPECT and SPECT/CT.Methods and analysisThe AI-based CT-free SPECT is a single-blind, multicentre, prospective, non-inferiority, clinical trial with a paired design conducted in the Republic of Korea. Eligible participants are adult (≥19 years old) thyrotoxicosis patients without a previous history of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Approximately 160 subjects will be screened for quantitative thyroid SPECT/CT using Tc-99m pertechnetate. CT-free thyroid SPECT will be realised using only SPECT data by the trained convolutional neural networks. TcTU will be calculated by SPECT/CT and CT-free SPECT in each subject. The primary endpoint is the accuracy of diagnosing Graves’ disease using TcTU. The trial will continue until 152 completed datasets have been enrolled to assess whether the 95% (two-sided) lower confidence limit of the accuracy difference (CT-free SPECT accuracy—SPECT/CT accuracy) for Graves’ disease is greater than −0.1. The secondary endpoints include the accuracy of diagnosing destructive thyroiditis and predicting the need for antithyroid drug prescription within 1 month of the SPECT/CT.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the institutional review board of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (IRB No. B-2304-824-301), Konkuk University Medical Center (IRB No. 2023-05-022-006) and Chonnam National University Hospital (IRB No. CNUH-2023-108). Findings will be disseminated as reports, presentations and peer-reviewed journal articles.Trial registration numberKCT0008387, Clinical Research Information Service of the Republic of Korea (CRIS).
Impact of climate change on child outcomes: an evidence gap map review
Authors: Meherali Salima , Aynalem Yared Asmare , Nisa Saba Un , Kennedy Megan , Salami Bukola , Adjorlolo Samuel , Ali Parveen , Silva Kênia Lara , Aziato Lydia , Richter Solina , Lassi Zohra S 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundClimate change and extreme weather events significantly threaten neonatal and child health. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on the impact of climate change on child health, using the evidence gap map (EGM) to address knowledge gaps and establish a foundation for evidence-based interventions and future research.MethodFrom inception, academic databases (such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL and Scopus) and grey literature were systematically searched. We included climate change-related studies involving children aged 0–5 worldwide. Covidence facilitated a rigorous screening process, and we conducted a critical appraisal. Two independent reviewers handled screening and data extraction. Eligible studies underwent coding and extraction using Evidence for Policy and Practice Information (EPPI) reviewer software. The EGM was constructed using EPPI Mapper, and comprehensive findings were presented through live links and figures.ResultWe identified 196 studies, comprising 59.2% children and 40.8% neonates, with diverse research approaches, including 94% quantitative studies. There has been a notable increase in research publications over the past 5 years. Evidence is heavily concentrated in Asia (93 studies) and Africa (47 studies). The most frequently studied exposures are those related to extreme climate events, followed by drought and floods. However, there are gaps in the study of extreme cold and storms. The significant outcomes comprised preterm birth (55 studies), low birth weight (27 studies), malnutrition (59 studies) and diarrhoeal diseases (28 studies). Evidence on mental health problems and congenital disabilities receives relatively less attention.ConclusionThis EGM is crucial for researchers, policymakers and practitioners. It highlights knowledge gaps and guides future research to address the evolving threats of climate change to global child health.Trial registration numberINPLASY202370086
A qualitative study exploring the experiences of advanced clinical practitioner training in emergency care in the South West of England, United Kingdom
Authors: Ablard Suzanne , Kuczawski Maxine , O'Keeffe Colin , Sampson Fiona C , Mould Jedidah , Mason Suzanne M 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundAttempting to improve emergency care (EC) advanced clinical practitioner (ACP) training, Health Education England (HEE) South West (SW) implemented a pilot, whereby emergency departments (ED) were provided with enhanced funding and support to help ED consultants deliver teaching and supervision to EC ACPs to ensure more timely completion of EC ACP training compared with previous cohorts training in the region.We explored the experiences of trainee EC ACPs and consultant EC ACP leads working in EDs, which had implemented the new regional pilot.MethodsWe used a qualitative design to conduct semi-structured interviews with trainee EC ACPs and consultant EC ACP leads across five EDs that had implemented the HEE SW pilot. Interview data were analysed thematically.ResultsTwenty-five people were interviewed. We identified four themes: (1) the master’s in advanced practice could be better aligned with the Royal College of Emergency Medicine credentialling e-portfolio; (2) EC ACP training needs some flexibility to reflect the individual—‘one size does not fit all’; (3) supervision and teaching were recognised as important but requires significant staff capacity that is impacted by external pressures and (4) unclear role expectations and responsibilities hinder role transition and impact role identity.It was notable that EC ACPs primarily spoke about the development of their clinical skills both academically and within the workplace, despite there being other skills mentioned in the multiprofessional framework for advanced practice (leadership and management, education and research).ConclusionA clear supervision structure with protected time allocated for teaching and assessment of clinical skills within the ED is essential to facilitate trainee EC ACP progression. However, increasing demands on EDs make this a challenging goal to achieve. Role identity issues continue to persist despite the introduction of new guidance designed to provide more clarity around the ACP role.