bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute phase response in the primiparous dairy cows after repeated percutaneous liver biopsy during the transition period
Authors: Jawor P. , Brzozowska A. , Słoniewski K. , Kowalski Z.M. , Stefaniak T. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute phase response of dairy cows to repeated liver biopsy in order to estimate the safety of this procedure during the transition period. Liver biopsies (up to 1000 mg of liver tissue) were conducted twice a day, 7 days before expected parturition and 3 days after calving. The number of needle insertions for each biopsy was recorded and was dependent on the amount of obtained tissue. Blood samples were taken on day 7 before expected parturition, then on days 3, 4, 7 and 14 after calving. Body temperature was measured daily in all 30 cows from day 3 until day 14 after calving. The concentrations of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and interleukin-6 were determined in serum and plasma. In 16.7% of cows, the rectal body temperature rose by ≥ 0.5°C on the day after liver biopsy. Although the concentrations of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and fibrinogen increased significantly after calving (p<0.01), there was no influence of the number of biopsies on the acute phase reaction and repeated biopsy during the transition period had no effect on body temperature. Therefore, the procedure may be regarded as safe for cows during the transition period.
Escherichia coli strains from ostriches and their sensitivity to antimicrobial substances
Authors: Ščerbová J. , Lauková A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOstriches are bred especially for their high-quality meat. There is a lack of knowledge concerning the ostrich’s microflora.Escherichia coliis a commensal microorganism of the poultry intestine, ostriches included. However, some strains may become pathogenic. This study was therefore undertaken to detect coliform bacteria in ostrich faeces and to test their antibiotic profile and sensitivity to enterocins. Faeces (n=54, 18 mixture samples from 3 different age groups of 140 ostriches) were sampled to isolate coliform bacteria. The counts of coliform bacteria varied from 5.69 ± 2.4 log10 CFU/g to 5.73 ± 2.4 CFU/g. Pure colonies were identified using MALDI-TOF MS mass spectrometry and confirmed by phenotypization. Seventy-one strains were allotted to the speciesE. coli. Sixty-four of those 71 strains caused hemolysis. They were mostly polyresistant to antibiotics. Thirty-two poly-resistant strains ofE. coliwere sensitive to enterocins. These strains were most sensitive to Ent 9296 (26 strains). Moreover, Ent EM41 produced byE. faeciumEM41 (isolated from ostrich faeces) inhibited the growth of 20 strains, reaching activity of 100 AU/ml. Our results indicate the possibility of enterocins being used for prevention/reduction of coliforms. Of course,in vivostudies are also being processed.
Secretory function of adipose tissue
Authors: Kuryszko J. , Sławuta P. , Sapikowski G. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
There are two kinds of adipose tissue in mammals: white adipose tissue – WAT and brown adipose tissue – BAT. The main function of WAT is accumulation of triacylglycerols whereas the function of BAT is heat generation. At present, WAT is also considered to be an endocrine gland that produces bioactive adipokines, which take part in glucose and lipid metabolism. Considering its endocrine function, the adipose tissue is not a homogeneous gland but a group of a few glands which act differently. Studies on the secretory function of WAT began in 1994 after discovery of leptin known as the satiation hormone, which regulates body energy homeostasis and maintainence of body mass. Apart from leptin, the following belong to adipokines: adiponectin, resistin, apelin, visfatin and cytokines: TNF and IL 6. Adiponectin is a polypeptide hormone of antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic activity. It plays a key role in carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Resistin exerts a counter effect compared to adiponectin and its physiological role is to maintain fasting glycaemia. Visfatin stimulates insulin secretion and increases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by muscle cells and adipocytes. Apelin probably increases the insulin sensitivity of tissues. TNF evokes insulin resistance by blocking insulin receptors and inhibits insulin secretion. Approximately 30% of circulating IL 6 comes from adipose tissue. It causes insulin resistance by decreasing the expression of insulin receptors, decreases adipogenesis and adiponectin and visfatin secretion, and stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis. In 2004, Bays introduced the notion of adiposopathy, defined as dysfunction of the adipose tissue, whose main feature is insulin and leptin resistance as well as the production of inflammatory cytokines: TNF and IL 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein. This means that excess of adipose tissue, especially visceral adipose tissue, leads to the development of a chronic subclinical inflammatory condition, which favours the development of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Obesity is a systemic illness caused by energy transformation homeostasis disorder which results in an increase in the amount of body fat mass. It effects approximately 40% of dogs and 20% of cats. Illnesses which accompany obesity result, to a great extent, from the secretive role of adipose tissue, which is still little known, which should be included when planning treatment of an obese animal.
Hormonally active agents in the environment: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Anwer Faizan , Chaurasia Savita , Khan Abid Ali 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
After the Second World War, infatuation with modern products has exponentially widened the spectrum of chemicals used. Some of them are capable of hijacking the endocrine system by blocking or imitating a hormone and are referred to as hormonally active chemicals or endocrine disruptors. These are chemicals that the body was not designed for evolutionarily and they are present in every matrix of the environment. We are living in a chemical world where the exposures are ubiquitous and take place in combinations that can interact with the endocrine system and some other metabolic activities in unexpected ways. The complexity of interaction of these compounds can be understood by the fact that they interfere with gene expression at extremely low levels, consequently harming an individual life form, its offspring or population. As the endocrine system plays a critical role in many biological or physiological functions, by interfering body’s endocrine system, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have various adverse effects on human health, starting from birth defects to developmental disorders, deadly deseases like cancer and even immunological disorders. Most of these compounds have not been tested yet for safety and their effects cannot be assessed by the available techniques. The establishment of proper exposure measurement techniques and integrating correlation is yet to be achieved to completely understand the impacts at various levels of the endocrine axis.
Impact of geography and culture on spatial relations
Authors: Naïm Samia , Pilot-Raichoor Christiane 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCommunicating about spatial relations is a day-to-day task throughout our life. We accomplish it so spontaneously and easily that it was thought for long that our own way of transmitting spatial information was universal. However, when anthropologists and linguists started to carry on detailed studies on ‘exotic’ cultures, they found that the verbal expression of even basic spatial relations may differ significantly from language to language. This article contributes to this line of research and focuses on the local factors, notably cultural and geographic, which interfere with the linguistic expression and the precise transmission of spatial information in a few Arabic and Dravidian languages.
Typological analysis of Ilami Kurdish verbs of motion
Authors: Karimipour Amir , Rezai Vali 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper attempts to assess motion events in Ilami Kurdish through Talmy’s binary typology (1985. Lexicalization patterns: Semantic structure in lexical forms. In Timothy Shopen (ed.),Language typology and lexical descriptions: Vol. 3. Grammatical categories and the lexicon, 36–149. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000a.Toward a cognitive semantics. Vol. 1: Concept structuring system. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2000b.Toward a cognitive semantics. Vol. 2: Typology and process in concept structuring. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) according to which, languages could be classified as “Satellite-framed” or “Verb-framed”. Following Berman and Slobin’s approach (1994.Relating events in narrative: A crosslinguistic developmental study. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum) in using “The Frog Story”, which paved the way for evaluating numerous languages in terms of their motion verbs, we used this elicitation tool for gathering Kurdish data. Results reveal that Ilami tends towards Satellite-framed languages as the concept of Path is often expressed by the use of satellites. As far as analysis of Path in Kurdish is taken into account, this concept has been analyzed with the help of different criteria proposed by Ibarretxe-Antuñano (2008. Path salience in motion events. In Jiansheng Gu, Elena Lieven, Nancy Budwig, Susan Ervin Tripp, Keiko Nakamura & Şeyda Özçalışkan (eds.),Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin, 403–414. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum) and typologically compared with other languages too. It seems that in addition to the oral nature of Ilami and its contact with Persian language, “the syntactic sensitivity of satellites” as a new motivation, also affects the amount of details accompanying the Path concept in this dialect.
Language contact in the German-Danish border area in the twenty-first century
Authors: Fredsted Elin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a qualitative linguistic analysis of data from bi- and multilingual persons who grew up in the German-Danish border region. The present paper will present language practices on social network sites and compare them to informal oral data from the same groups of bi- and multilingual friends. The core part of this article presents a subset of the written and oral data, i. e. a case study of two micro-groups of on- and off-line friends whose linguistic practices index a specific stand towards the macro community (two autochthone national minority groups) to which the speakers/writers belong.
Antioxidant properties of Rosa pisiformis and its protective effect against isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress in rats / Rosa pisiformis’in antioksidant özellikleri ve izoproterenol ile ratlarda oluşturulan okdidatif strese karşı koruyucu etkisi
Authors: Bayramoğlu Mahire , Ekin Suat , Kızıltaş Hatice , Oto Gökhan , Susen Ebru Altındal , Özgökçe Fevzi 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Objective: In this study, Rosa pisiformis was evaluated for its antioxidant activity, vitamin (A, E, C), trace element (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Se) and mineral (Ca, K, Mg, Na) levels, in addition to its cardioprotective effects on cardiac tissue antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, SOD, CAT) during isoproterenol (ISO) - induced oxidative stress.
Methods: In the study, vitamin and mineral analysis was carried out using HPLC and ICP-MS method, R. P. antioxidant and antiradical properties were determined using spectrophotometer. Forty wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control (0.9% NaCl), ISO (100 mg/kg), ISO (100 mg/kg) + R. P. (300 mg/kg) and R. P. (300 mg/ kg). ISO was injected subcutaneously into rats twice at an interval of 24 h for two consecutive days (on 28th and 29th day). R. P. fruit administered daily. The experimental period was continued for 30 days.
Results: The results of the study indicated that R. P. fruit and leaves contain high levels of minerals and vitamins and possess antioxidant and antiradical activity and its fruits have positive effects on cardiac tissues. The results are supported with significant changes in antioxidant enzyme levels and histopathological examination.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that R. P. fruits in particular can be used to treat and prevent cardiac diseases.
Hepatic Arginase - Nitric oxide imbalance: Impact of carcinogenesis and therapeutic effect of sodium channel blockage in an in vivo rat model
Authors: Batçıoğlu Kadir , Yıldırım Battal , Satılmış Basri , Uyumlu Ayşe Burçin , Genç Metin Fikret , Bentli Recep , Djamgoz Mustafa B. A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Objective: Nitric oxide synthase and arginase are frequently antagonistic and interactive, although both use L-arginine as common substrate. Their balance is of potential functional importance. How the balance changes in cancer is unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that progression of carcinomas involves functional voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) activity.
Methods: The present study extended this study to liver and aimed to determine whether (i) DMBA carcinogenesis would affect the activities of arginase and NOS and (ii) treatment with Na-channel blocker RS100642 would ameliorate the impact of the carcinogen on the arginase-NOS balance.
Results: DMBA application significantly increased arginase activity and, correspondingly, the level of L-ornithine by 25-33%. In contrast, NOS activity decreased by 11%. Importantly, RS100642 treatment completely suppressed the effect on arginase.
Conclusion: It is concluded (i) that DMBA carcinogenesis changes the hepatic arginase-NOS balance, increasing the overall dominance of arginase and (ii) that VGSC inhibition has a protective effect on liver.
The moderating role of overcommitment in the relationship between psychological contract breach and employee mental health
Authors: Reimann Mareike 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesThis study investigated whether the association between perceived psychological contract breach (PCB) and employee mental health is moderated by the cognitive‐motivational pattern of overcommitment (OC) . Linking the psychological contract approach to the effort‐reward imbalance model, this study examines PCB as an imbalance in employment relationships that acts as a psychosocial stressor in the work environment and is associated with stress reactions that in turn negatively affect mental health.MethodsThe analyses were based on a sample of 3,667 employees who participated in a longitudinal linked employer‐employee survey representative of large organizations (with at least 500 employees who are subject so social security contributions) in Germany. Fixed‐effects regression models, including PCB and OC, were estimated for employee mental health, and interaction effects between PCB and OC were assessed.ResultsThe multivariate fixed‐effects regression analyses showed a significant negative association between PCB and employee mental health. The results also confirmed that OC does indeed significantly increase the negative effect of PCB on mental health and that OC itself has a significant and negative effect on mental health.ConclusionsThe results suggest that employees characterized by the cognitive‐motivational pattern of OC are at an increased risk of developing poor mental health if they experience PCB compared with employees who are not overly committed to their work. The results of this study support the assumption that psychosocial work stressors play an important role in employee mental health.
Perbandingan Hasil Belajar Teknik Dasar Pukulan Pada Permainan Tenis Meja Antara Yang Langsung Mengunakan Net Dengan Tanpa Menggunakan Net Terlebih Dahulu
Authors: Safari Indra 
Published: August 2016

<p>Abstrak </p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji antara hasil belajar langsung menggunakan net dengan yang tanpa menggunakan net terlebih dahulu terhadap peningkatan penguasaan teknik dasar pukulan pada permainan tenis meja bagi pemula.Untuk memecahkan permasalahan tersebut penulis menggunakan metode eksperimen, sedangkan data yang diperoleh adalah melalui eksperimen lapangan. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SDN Muhammadiyah III Bandung, sedangkan untuk sampelnya yaitu siswa kelas 4 s/d 6 (putera dan yang termasuk dalam kategori umur pemula. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa walaupun secara perhitungan statistic kedua cara pembelajaran tersebut tidak ada perbedaan yang berarti (signifikan), tetapi secara fakta di lapangan dengan frekuensi tiga kali dalam seminggu dengan cara pembelajaran tanpa menggunakan net terlebih dahulu memberikan perbedaan dalam perbedaan mean, yaitu yang langsung menggunakan net (0 – 89,0) sedangkan yang tanpa menggunakan net terlebih dahulu (0 – 93,0) dengan taraf nyata 0,05. Kata Kunci: teknik dasar, menggunakan net dan tanpa menggunakan net</p>
Pembaharuan Pendidikan Islam Di Sekolah Dasar Menuju Masyarakat Madani
Authors: - Jenuri 
Published: August 2016

<p>Abstrak </p><p>Masyarakat madani merupakan suatu ujud masyarakat yang memiliki kemandirian aktivitas dengan ciri: universalitas, supermasi, keabadian, pemerataan kekuatan, kebaikan dari dan untuk bersama, meraih kebajikan umum, piranti eksternal, bukan berinteraksi pada keuntungan, dan kesempatan yang sama dan merata kepada setiap warganya. ciri masyarakat ini merupakan masyarakat yang ideal dalam kehidupan. Untuk Pemerintah pada era reformasi ini, akan mengarakan semua potensi bangsa berupa pendidikan, ekonomi, politik, hukum, sosial budaya, militer, kerah masyarakat madani yang dicita‐citakan. Sejalan dengan konsep tersebut, agar dasar pendidikan Islam relevan dengan kepentingan umat Islam dan relevan dengan disain masyarakat madani, penerapan konsep dasar filsafat dan teori pendidikan harus memperhatikan konteks suprasistem bagi kepentingan komunitas "masyarakat madani" yang dicita‐citakan bangsa ini.</p><p>Kata Kunci: masyarakat madani; pembaharuan pendidikan Islam</p>
Pengembangan (Guru Pendidikan Jasmani) Sebagai Suatu Profesi Keolahragaan Di Indonesia
Authors: M. Arifin Robandi Roni 
Published: August 2016

<p>Abstrak </p><p>Tujuan dari makalah ini untuk mengetahui (1) Apakah profesionalisme dapat meningkatkan pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup yang layak, (2) Apakah Pengaruh jenjang pendidikan terhadap kemampuan menerapkan profesionalisme (3) Apakah kode etik profesi guru pendidikan jasmani dapat diterapkan (4) Apakahada keterkaitan interaksi jenjang pendidikan dan kode etik? Melalui pembahasan, hakikat profesionalisme, guru pendidikan jasmani sebagai suatu profesi keolahragaan, ruang lingkup tugas guru pendidikan jasmani, ilmu yang harus diemban, serta pengembangan. Hasil pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) jika profesionalisme dan kode etik serta undang‐undang guru dilaksanakan secara professional, maka penghasilan guru pendidikan jasmani dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup yang layak. (2) Setandarisasi kualivikasi ijasah, merupakan syarat untuk menentukan standar tunjangan profesionalisme. (3) Kode etik profesi guru pendidikan jasmani di Indonesia bisa diterapkan jika semua unsur telah menyadari. (4) Standar kualifikasi pendidikan dan kode etik mempunyai keterkaitan dalam menunjang sikap profesionalisme.</p><p>Kata Kunci: pengembangan, guru pendidikan jasmani, dan profesi keolahragaan</p>
Pembelajaran IPS Di Sekolah Dasar Berbasis pembelajaran Tematik
Authors: Saputra Targana Adi 
Published: August 2016

<p>Abstrak</p><p>Pendekatan pembelajaran tematik dalam IPS sering disebut dengan pendekatan interdisipliner. Model pembelajaran tematik pada hakikatnya merupakan suatu sistem pembelajaran yang memungkinkan peserta didik baik secara individual maupun kelompok aktif mencari, menggali, dan menemukan konsep serta prinsip‐prinsip secara holistik dan otentik. Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) merupakan integrasi dari berbagai cabang ilmu‐ilmu sosial seperti: sosiologi, sejarah, geografi, ekonomi, politik, hukum, dan budaya. Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial dirumuskan atas dasar realitas dan fenomena sosial yang mewujudkan satu pendekatan interdisipliner dari aspek dan cabang‐cabang ilmu‐ilmu sosial (sosiologi, sejarah, geografi, ekonomi, politik, hukum, dan budaya). IPS atau studi sosial itu merupakan bagian dari kurikulum sekolah yang diturunkan dari isi materi cabang‐cabang ilmu‐ilmu sosial: sosiologi, sejarah, geografi, ekonomi, politik, antropologi, filsafat, dan psikologi sosial. Sejalan dengan konsep tersebut, pembelajaran tematik dalam IPS adalah model pembelajaran yang pengembangannya dimulai dengan menentukan topik tertentu sebagai tema atau topik sentral, setelah tema ditetapkan maka selanjutnya tema itu dijadikan dasar untuk menentukan dasar sub‐sub tema dari bidang studi lain yang terkait.</p><p>Kata Kunci : Pembelajaran Tematik , IPS</p>
Penilaian Otentik Sebagai Sarana Utama Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Di Sekolah
Authors: Abidin Yunus 
Published: August 2016

<p>ABSTRAK </p><p>Upaya untuk meningkatkan kinerja pendidikan dalam mencetak sumber daya manusia yang unggul dan berkarakter saat ini sedang gencar-gencarnya dilakukan. Salah satu upaya ini adalah dengan mengembangkan satu program pendidikan yang dikenal dengan istilah pendidikan budaya dan karakter bangsa.Pendidikan karakter bertujuan agar siswa mampu menjadi orang yang berkarakter mulia. Usaha pengembangan karakter ini harus dilakukan secara bekesinambungan dalam proses pembelajaran. Secara praktisnya, pembentukan dan pengembangna karakter ini bersifat integratif dengan aktivitas belajar yang dilakukan siswa. Oleh sebab itu, untuk mampu mengukur perkembangan karakter siswa diperlukan sebuah alat yang secara otomatis mampu mengukur aktivitas dan sekaligus menunjukkan karakter siswa. Alat itu adalah penilaian otentik.Penilaian otentik merupakan sebuah bentuk penilaian yang mengukur kinerja nyata yang dimiliki siswa. Kinerja yang dimaksud adalah aktivitas dan hasil aktivitas yang diperoleh siswa selama proses pembelajaran. Berdasarkan pemahaman ini penilaian otentik pada prinsipnya mengukur aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh siswa selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Karakter, Penilaian Otentik, Penilaian Karakter</p>
Interaksi Antara Faktor Tkam Dan Pembelajaran Terhadap Kemampuan Penalaran Deduktif Matematis Mahasiswa Calon Guru SD Beserta Kinerjanya
Authors: Suarma Dina Mayadiana , Kusumah Yaya S 
Published: August 2016

<p>Abstrak </p><p>Penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan disain kontrol pre dan post tes pada mata kuliah Bilangan terhadap 67 mahasiswa calon guru SD di suatu universitas di Bandung Tahun Akademik 2010/2011. Kelompok eksperimen mendapatkan perlakuan berupa pembelajaran dengan pendekatan induktif. Instrumen yang digunakan terdiri dari: Tes Kemampuan Awal Matematis (KAM), Tes Kemampuan Penalaran Deduktif Matematis (KPDM), pedoman observasi, kamera photo, dan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA dua Jalur. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa: (1) Tidak terdapat interaksi antara faktor TKAM dan pembelajaran terhadap KPDM dan (2) Kemampuan Induksi Matematis tergolong rendah.</p><p>Kata kunci: Pembelajaran dengan Pendekatan Induktif, Penalaran Deduktif Matematis, Kemampuan Induksi Matematis, dan Mahasiswa calon guru SD.</p>