bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembly and operation optimization of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer for performance enhancement
Authors: Ke Shengjin , Jiang Xuhui , Zhang Xi , Wang Song 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) for hydrogen production possesses wide-ranging and rapid dynamic response capabilities, offering promising applications in the consumption of new energy sources and the dynamic balancing of power grids with a high proportion of renewable energy. The assembly and operating conditions of PEMWE significantly affect its performance. Therefore, thoroughly studying and understanding the influence of PEMWE’s assembly and operating conditions on water electrolysis performance are crucial for enhancing PEMWE’s performance and promoting its applications. In this research, the influence of installation preload torque, feedwater flow rate, and operating temperature on the performance of the electrolyzer, including the electrochemical active specific surface area (ECSA), high-frequency resistance (HFR) and various types of polarizations (including activation polarization, ohmic polarization, and mass transfer polarization) during the operation of the electrolyzer, were detailedly investigated. The results showed that the optimal preload torque and operating temperature for the electrolyzer were 3 Nm and 80°C. Under these conditions, an optimized PEMWE performance would be achieved by ensuring that the feedwater flow rate exceeded the water consumption during electrolysis.
Modelling of planetary accretion and core-mantle structure formation
Authors: Roubíček Tomáš , Stefanelli Ulisse 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We advance a thermodynamically consistent model of self-gravitational accretion and differentiation in planets. The system is modeled in actual variables as a compressible thermoviscoelastic fluid in a fixed, sufficiently large domain. The supply of material to the accreting and differentiating system is described as a bulk source of mass, volume, impulse, and energy localized in some border region of the domain. Mass, momentum, and energy conservation, along with constitutive relations, result in an extended compressible Navier–Stokes-Fourier-Poisson system. The centrifugal and Coriolis forces are also considered. After studying some single-component setting, we consider a two-component situation, where metals and silicates mix and differentiate under gravity, eventually forming a core-mantle structure. The energetics of the models are elucidated. Moreover, we prove that the models are stable, in that self-gravitational collapse is excluded. Eventually, we comment on the prospects of devising a rigorous mathematical approximation and existence theory.
Contribution to the knowledge of the Amphipoda (stygobionts) collected from the Meknes aquifer, Morocco
Authors: Moustaine Radouane El , Abdelmonaim Maliki , Abderrazzaq Boudellah , Mhamed Khaffou , Abdelkader Chahlaoui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGroundwater in the Saïss Basin is an important resource economic and social for the region. They are also the reservoir of an original biological diversity. The subterranean aquatic fauna is to date largely unknown in the Meknes region. It, therefore, represents both a significant part of the national natural heritage and an essential part of the regional natural heritage to be taken into account when conservation measures are considered. Eight wells and two springs were investigated between February 2013 and February 2014. The study was conducted in three localities in the surroundings of Meknes (Meknes, El Hajeb, and Agouray). In fact, Amphipod distribution data is based on unpublished data from my thesis work. Most hypogean taxa are crustaceans, principally the Amphipoda. This research work is a contribution to the knowledge of Amphipoda (stygobionts) collected from the Meknes aquifer. Among the subterranean Amphipoda, species belonging to the generaMetacrangonyxandPseudoniphargus, which have never been described previously, are limited to a single locality (Agouray), typically found in Wells W4 and W5. In addition, the first record of (Metacrangonyxsp, andPseudoniphargussp1 and sp2.) for the stygofauna of the Meknes aquifer was also recorded. These results represent an important contribution to regional biodiversity and finally to complete the inventory of the stygofauna of Morocco.
Recent variations of water area in the Tabular Middle Atlas lakes, Morocco
Authors: El-Bouhali A , Amyay M , El Ouazani Ech-Chahdi Kh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The shrinkage of the lake’s water area is considered an indicator of change in climatic parameters and anthropogenic impact on landscapes through changes in land use practices. The present study focuses on utilizing remote sensing data to track the evolution of the water area in three lakes (Aoua, Afourgagh, and Ifrah) located in the Tabular Middle Atlas. The processing of Landsat satellite images between August 1984 and August 2022 reveals a significant shrinkage of the lakes, with drying periods in recent years. The concerning situation of the lakes is attributed to the increased rainfall deficit since the 1980s and the extension of irrigated areas in intramountain depressions. In three decades, the area of irrigated lands has extended by more than 540 %. The results obtained in this study indicate significant variations in the Tabular Middle Atlas lakes and reflect the dramatic situation of water resources.
3D bioprinted in vitro epilepsy models for pharmacological evaluation in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Chen Wei , Gai Ke , Luo Xiao , Wu Bing , Wang Xiu , Shi Wei , Zhang Kai , Lin Feng , Sun Wei , Song Yu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study introduces a novel in vitro model for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) utilizing 3D bioprinting technology, aiming to replicate the complex neurobiological characteristics of TLE more accurately. Primary neural cell constructs were fabricated and subjected to epileptiform-inducing conditions, fostering synaptic proliferation and neuronal loss. Systematically electrophysiological and immunofluorescent analyses indicated that significant synaptic connectivity and sustained epileptiform activities within the constructs akin to those observed in human epilepsy models. Notably, the model responded to treatments with phenytoin and tetrodotoxin, illustrating its potential utility in drug response kinetics studies. Furthermore, we performed drug permeability simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics to analyze the diffusion characteristics of these drugs within the constructs. These results confirm that our 3D bioprinted neural model provides a physiologically relevant and ethically sustainable platform, which is beneficial for studying TLE mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies with high accuracy and clinical relevance.
Radar signal modulation identification using global context vision transformer
Authors: Ghayour Bhatti Sidra , Ullah Mohsin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The accurate identification of phase-coded radar waveforms is critical in electronic warfare (EW) systems, particularly with the increasing use of low probability of intercept (LPI) radars. However, current methods struggle to reliably recognize these waveforms at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). To address this challenge, we propose an AI-based Global Context Vision Transformer (GC-ViT) model that leverages short-time Fourier transform (STFT) phase spectrum for feature extraction. The GC-ViT model enhances recognition accuracy by incorporating both local and global self-attention mechanisms, enabling more effective identification of phase-coded signals in noisy environments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves approximately 80% recognition accuracy at an SNR of −12 dB, which significantly outperforms existing techniques. This advancement in radar waveform recognition enhances the situational awareness and decision-making capability of EW systems in complex electromagnetic environments.
China, the European Union, and the United States
Authors: Prontera Andrea 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents a structured, focused comparison of the three green superpowers. First, it highlights the historical trajectories, the transformations—from minor adjustments to major changes—and the current statuses of their green foreign energy policies and green power strategies. Then, it elucidates the main differences and similarities among China, the EU, and the US. These variations—in terms of issue areas, geographical reach, modes of engagement, tools mixes, and overall green external approach—are explained by looking at the patterns of state–market relations in each case, at their preferences and capabilities, and at their internal and external environments. Finally, this chapter discusses the effectiveness of the green power strategies of China, the EU, and the US in terms of limitations and potentials, considering both their capabilities and weaknesses and the constraints and opportunities offered by an evolving international landscape.
Conclusions
Authors: Prontera Andrea 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter briefly reassesses the main contributions of the book and discusses the wider implications of the Chinese, EU, and US policies and strategies for the emerging green world order. First, the chapter returns to two of the key themes of the book: evolving state–market relations in the area of renewables and low-carbon technologies and the internal–external nexus in green foreign energy policies and green power strategies. Although the strategies of China, the European Union, and the United States exhibit commonalities, they diverge in several aspects. The chapter further discusses these differences and their implications in a context in which, simultaneously, the pressure for the global energy transition has become more intense because of the mounting climate crisis and competition for renewables and low-carbon technologies has increased. Finally, the chapter offers insights into possible future scenarios.
Digital, Social Micro-Interventions to Promote Physical Activity Among Midlife Adults With Elevated Cardiovascular Risk: An Ambulatory Feasibility Study With Momentary Randomization
Authors: Arigo Danielle , Schumacher Leah M , Baga Kiri , Mogle Jacqueline A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Although regular physical activity (PA) mitigates the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) during midlife, existing PA interventions are minimally effective. Harnessing social influences in daily life shows promise: digital micro-interventions could effectively engage these influences on PA and require testing.

Purpose
This feasibility study employed ecological momentary assessment with embedded micro-randomization to activate two types of social influences (i.e., comparison, support; NCT04711512).

Methods
Midlife adults (N = 30, MAge = 51, MBMI = 31.5 kg/m2, 43% racial/ethnic minority) with ≥1 CVD risk conditions completed four mobile surveys per day for 7 days while wearing PA monitors. After 3 days of observation, participants were randomized at each survey to receive 1 of 3 comparison micro-interventions (days 4–5) or 1 of 3 support micro-interventions (days 6–7). Outcomes were indicators of feasibility (e.g., completion rate), acceptability (e.g., narrative feedback), and potential micro-intervention effects (on motivation and steps within-person).

Results
Feasibility and acceptability targets were met (e.g., 93% completion); ratings of micro-intervention helpfulness varied by intervention type and predicted PA motivation and behavior within-person (srs=0.16, 0.27). Participants liked the approach and were open to ongoing micro-intervention exposure. Within-person, PA motivation and behavior increased from baseline in response to specific micro-interventions (srs=0.23, 0.13), though responses were variable.

Conclusions
Experimental manipulation of social influences in daily life is feasible and acceptable to midlife adults and shows potential effects on PA motivation and behavior. Findings support larger-scale testing of this approach to inform a digital, socially focused PA intervention for midlife adults.
Evaluation and redesign of an internal medicine pharmacy practice model at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Brant Alexandra , Boyd Ramone , Lewis Dan , Milnes Bob 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Clinical pharmacists are embedded into the care for patients admitted to internal medicine floors at Cleveland Clinic. The existing practice model utilized by the internal medicine pharmacy team had an uneven distribution of clinical activities among the various pharmacist roles. A study was completed to evaluate a potential adjustment to the pharmacy practice model. The objective of this study was to assess the type and quantity of clinical activities performed by each pharmacist role. These data were then utilized to evaluate the need for redistribution of care activities among the pharmacist roles and to determine the need for additional pharmacist full-time equivalents.

Methods
From January to February 2023, data pertaining to the amount and type of clinical activities completed by the 9 internal medicine pharmacist roles was either manually collected or extracted from the electronic medical record. The data were then utilized to calculate a responsibility score for each role. Descriptive statistics were also calculated to assess the results.

Results
Each pharmacist role cared for an average of 34.4 patients (minimum, 24.4; maximum, 57.7) during the study period. The average responsibility score for each pharmacist role was 309.8 (minimum, 237.5; maximum, 447.8).

Conclusion
On the basis of the data collected during the 4-week study period, a new pharmacy practice model was developed that incorporated 2 additional full-time equivalents. This model balanced patient care responsibilities among the pharmacist roles and moved the practice model from a location-based to a team-based coverage model.
Pharmacotherapy of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and the pharmacist’s role, part 2: Complications, postrevascularization care, and quality improvement
Authors: Hyland Sara J , Max Marion E , Eaton Rachael E , Wong Stephanie A , Egbert Susan B , Blais Danielle M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Key pharmacotherapeutic modalities and considerations for the patient with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) across the later phases of inpatient care are reviewed.

Summary
Published descriptions and validation of clinical pharmacist roles specific to the acute management of STEMI are limited. This high-risk period from presentation through revascularization, stabilization, and hospital discharge involves complex pharmacotherapeutic decision points, many operational medication needs, and multiple layers of quality oversight. A companion article reviewed STEMI pharmacotherapy from emergency department presentation through revascularization. Herein we complete the pharmacotherapy review for the STEMI patient across the inpatient phases of care, including the management of peri-infarction complications with vasoactive and antiarrhythmic agents, considerations for post-revascularization antithrombotics, and assessments of supportive therapies and secondary prevention. Key guideline recommendations and literature developments are summarized from the clinical pharmacist’s perspective alongside suggested pharmacist roles and responsibilities. Considerations for successful hospital discharge after STEMI and pharmacist involvement in associated institutional quality improvement efforts are also provided. We aim to support inpatient pharmacy departments in advancing clinical services for this critical patient population and call for further research delineating pharmacists’ impact on patient and institutional STEMI outcomes.
Desorption efficiency and holding capacity of acid-treated filters for nicotine sampling in vape shops
Authors: Oni Toluwanimi M , Gamagedara Sanjeewa , Floyd Evan L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Efficient sampling materials are essential for assessing nicotine levels in vape shops and other settings where nicotine exposures may exist. Two different treatments of Whatman glass fiber type A (GF/A) filters (sodium bisulfate treated and citric acid treated) were evaluated for nicotine capture, desorption efficiency, and holding capacity using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). The Filters were treated with 0.8 mL of 0.1 M sodium bisulfate or citric acid solution and oven-dried (80 °C) for 30 min. Nicotine was desorbed off the filters using a modified analytical method. The average nicotine desorption efficiency for sodium bisulfate-treated GF/A filters (98.4%) was significantly higher than that of citric acid-treated GF/A filters (60.9%) over a range of 1–100 µg nicotine. Sodium bisulfate-treated and citric acid-treated GF/A filters experienced a 10% nicotine breakthrough after being dosed with about 550 and 2,750 µg of nicotine, respectively compared to 75 µg for untreated GF/A filters. Citric acid-treated GF/A filters had a much greater nicotine-holding capacity, but nicotine desorption from citric acid-treated GF/A filters was below the recommended criteria. Therefore, we recommend that sodium bisulfate-treated GF/A filters are employed for sample of nicotine with the GC–MS method.
A robust statistical approach for finding informative spatially associated pathways
Authors: Tian Leqi , Xiao Jiashun , Yu Tianwei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics offers deep insights into cellular functional localization and communication by mapping gene expression to spatial locations. Traditional approaches that focus on selecting spatially variable genes often overlook the complexity of biological pathways and the interactions among genes. Here, we introduce a novel framework that shifts the focus towards directly identifying functional pathways associated with spatial variability by adapting the Brownian distance covariance test in an innovative manner to explore the heterogeneity of biological functions over space. Unlike most other methods, this statistical testing approach is free of gene selection and parameter selection and allows nonlinear and complex dependencies. It allows for a deeper understanding of how cells coordinate their activities across different spatial domains through biological pathways. By analyzing real human and mouse datasets, the method found significant pathways that were associated with spatial variation, as well as different pathway patterns among inner- and edge-cancer regions. This innovative framework offers a new perspective on analyzing spatial transcriptomic data, contributing to our understanding of tissue architecture and disease pathology. The implementation is publicly available at https://github.com/tianlq-prog/STpathway.
Optimized patient-specific immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies for cancer treatment based on tumor immune microenvironment modeling
Authors: Yao Yao , Chen Youhua Frank , Zhang Qingpeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Enhancing patient response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is crucial in cancer immunotherapy. We aim to create a data-driven mathematical model of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and utilize deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to optimize patient-specific ICI therapy combined with chemotherapy (ICC). Using patients’ genomic and transcriptomic data, we develop an ordinary differential equations (ODEs)–based TIME dynamic evolutionary model to characterize interactions among chemotherapy, ICIs, immune cells, and tumor cells. A DRL agent is trained to determine the personalized optimal ICC therapy. Numerical experiments with real-world data demonstrate that the proposed TIME model can predict ICI therapy response. The DRL-derived personalized ICC therapy outperforms predefined fixed schedules. For tumors with extremely low CD8 + T cell infiltration (‘extremely cold tumors’), the DRL agent recommends high-dosage chemotherapy alone. For tumors with higher CD8 + T cell infiltration (‘cold’ and ‘hot tumors’), an appropriate chemotherapy dosage induces CD8 + T cell proliferation, enhancing ICI therapy outcomes. Specifically, for ‘hot tumors’, chemotherapy and ICI are administered simultaneously, while for ‘cold tumors’, a mid-dosage of chemotherapy makes the TIME ‘hotter’ before ICI administration. However, in several ‘cold tumors’ with rapid resistant tumor cell growth, ICC eventually fails. This study highlights the potential of utilizing real-world clinical data and DRL algorithm to develop personalized optimal ICC by understanding the complex biological dynamics of a patient’s TIME. Our ODE–based TIME dynamic evolutionary model offers a theoretical framework for determining the best use of ICI, and the proposed DRL agent may guide personalized ICC schedules.
Clinical adoption of deep learning target auto-segmentation for radiation therapy: challenges, clinical risks, and mitigation strategies
Authors: De Biase Alessia , Sijtsema Nanna Maria , Janssen Tomas , Hurkmans Coen , Brouwer Charlotte , van Ooijen Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Radiation therapy is a localized cancer treatment that relies on precise delineation of the target to be treated and healthy tissues to guarantee optimal treatment effect. This step, known as contouring or segmentation, involves identifying both target volumes and organs at risk on imaging modalities like CT, PET, and MRI to guide radiation delivery. Manual segmentation, however, is time-consuming and highly subjective, despite the presence of contouring guidelines. In recent years, automated segmentation methods, particularly deep learning models, have shown promise in addressing this task. However, challenges persist in their clinical use, including the need for robust quality assurance (QA) processes and addressing clinical risks associated with the use of the models. This review examines the challenges and considerations of the clinical adoption of deep learning target auto-segmentation in radiotherapy, focused on the target volume. We discuss potential clinical risks (eg, over- and under-segmentation, automation bias, and appropriate trust), mitigation strategies (eg, human oversight, uncertainty quantification, and education of clinical professionals), and we highlight the importance of expanding QA to include geometric, dose-volume, and outcome-based performance monitoring. While deep learning target auto-segmentation offers significant potential benefits, careful attention to clinical risks and rigorous QA measures are essential for its successful integration in clinical practice.