bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFICACY OF TWO DIFFERENT COMPOSITE LINERS IN PREVENTING MICROLEAKAGE IN DEEP CLASS II GLASS-CERAMIC MICROHYBRITE COMPOSITE RESTORATION ; (IN VITRO STUDY)
Authors: A. Rahman Miwan , Faris Tavga 
Published: July 2017

Background
Potential liner materials include resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) and flowable liners have been suggested by some studies to inhibit the occlusal and gingival microleakage in Class II composite restorations, which may act as a flexible intermediate layer, relieving the stresses of polymerization shrinkage and subsequently decreasing the microleakage.
Objectives
The purpose of this study is to determine the microleakage prevention effect of two different liners (Resin- modified glass ionomer and Flowable composite liner) on the occlusal and gingival cavosurface margin of deep class II cavity restorations using glass-ceramic microhybrid composite.
Materials and Methods
Class II cavities were made on both mesial and distal proximal sides of twenty three extracted permanent molars (n= 45 cavities); the gingival margins were placed (1 mm) apical to the cemento enamel junction, and they were randomly assigned to three groups (n=15 cavities). All the cavities were filled with microhybrid resin composite using centripetal placement technique. In group A, no liner was used under the composite, in group B, RMGI liner was used and in group C, flowable liner was used. The specimens were kept in distilled water for 1 week and then they were thermocycled. In order to evaluate the marginal microleakage, the teeth surfaces were isolated with nail varnish then immersed in a 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours. The specimens were then carefully sectioned mesially/distally at the center and were studied under a stereomicroscope. Then scoring was done.
Results
The results of this study show that in all of the groups the microleakage at the gingival margin was more than at the occlusal margin; in group A (p < 0.01), and in group B and C (p > 0.05). At the occlusal margin, group A showed higher microleakage than group B (p < 0.01), and group C (p > 0.05). At the gingival margin, group A also showed higher microleakage than group B and C (p < 0.01). At the occlusal and gingival margins, group B showed less microleakage than group C (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
The microleakage at the gingival margin was higher than at the occlusal margin in deep class II microhybrid resin composite restorations. More microleakage was seen in the group in which no liner was used. Therefore, it is imperative to use liner under microhybrid composite in deep class II cavity restorations. Resin Modified glass ionomer liner has the ability to reduce occlusal and gingival microleakage more than flowable liner but statistically the difference was not significant. None of the tested liners were able to prevent occlusal and gingival microleakage completely.
ENTERIC FEVER IN SULAIMANI PEDIATRIC TEACHING HOSPITAL: RISK FACTORS, PRESENTATION, AND DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed , Omer Sherko , Rashid Bakir , Hamawandi Adnan 
Published: July 2017

Background
Enteric fever is a severe systemic illness characterized by fever and abdominal pain that is caused by dissemination of typhoid Salmonella serovar, Typhi and Paratyphi. These organisms have no known hosts other than humans. Most commonly, foodborne or waterborne transmission occurs as a result of faecal contamination by ill or asymptomatic chronic carriers.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors, clinical features in paediatric enteric fever infections along with the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the causative agents.
Patients and methods
This is a prospective-hospital based study, done in Sulaimani Paediatric Teaching Hospital. During the study period 250 cases suspected to have typhoid fever were admitted over a period of 3 month from 1st May-1st Augusts 2008; 95 cases with positive blood culture for typhoid were studied for clinical presentation, risk factors and drug susceptibility of isolates in comparison with a control group. Salmonella strains were identified based on their biochemical properties and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined with Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion method.
Results
Out of 250 clinically suspected cases of enteric fever, only 95 (38%) were culture positive for Salmonella. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolate showed that more than 97% of the isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole. Significant risk factors were eating food outside home (P=0.001, OR, 10.788; 95%, CI: 4.292 -27.112), low socioeconomic status (P=0.017, OR 0.437, 95%, CI: 0.229 -0.832), and household contact (P=0.001, OR=15.864, 95% CI: 6.648 -37.854).
Conclusion
Enteric fever remains one of the endemic febrile illnesses among paediatric age in our community and mainly caused by multi drug resistant Salmonella sereovar Typhi. The most common symptoms indicating infection were fever, headache, vomiting and abdominal pain. Risk factors were eating food outside home, low socioeconomic status and household contact with index cases.
PERINATAL OUTCOME OF BREECH PRESENTATION AT THE MATERNITY TEACHING HOSPITAL IN ERBIL CITY
Authors: Abdulla Shilan , Al-Hadithi Tariq 
Published: July 2017

Background and Objectives
Increased perinatal mortality and morbidity with breech presentation is recognized. The objective of this study was to determine the perinatal outcome of breech presentation in Erbil Maternity Teaching Hospital.
Patients and Methods
This is a case-control study, conducted from the 1st of April 2010 to the 1st of April 2011. The sample size was 238 singleton breech deliveries (cases) and compared with 238 singleton cephalic deliveries. Main outcome measures were neonatal mortality and morbidity including admission to NICU and 5 minutes APGAR scores.
Results
A signi cantly higher overall perinatal mortality was documented among breech than cephalic deliveries 7.5% versus 2.5%. Low birth weight was signi cantly (P=0.001) higher among breech than cephalic deliveries. Five minutes APGAR score and neonatal intensive care unit admissions were signi cantly higher among breech than cephalic babies(P=0.026 and 0.001 respectively).
Conclusion
Breech babies had signi cantly higher overall perinatal mortality and a lower APGAR score at ve minutes and admitted more frequently to NICU than cephalic babies.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN INTERFERON-Α AND INTERLEUKIN-6 WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS DISEASE ACTIVITY
Authors: Tofiq Dana , Mirza Raouf , Hussain Ali , Mohammed Zaid 
Published: July 2017

Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting many organ systems with diverse clinical manifestations in association with autoantibodies to components of the cell nucleus. Cytokines, like interferon-α and interleukin-6, are important components of immune response regulation and their imbalance play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Objectives
To compare the serum levels of interferon-α and interleukin-6 in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and the apparently healthy subjects, and to find out the correlation between the serum levels of the two cytokines and the disease activity according to systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index.
Methods
A cross-sectional analytic study conducted on 37 systemic lupus erythematosus patients. The patients were investigated for the serum level of the two cytokines, and the results were compared with those of 31 apparently healthy subjects. Then, the disease activity was measured in the patients according to systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index and arranged into groups of different disease activity, and their corresponding cytokine levels were compared.
Results
The serum levels of interferon-α and interleukin-6, in systemic lupus erythematosus patients were signi cantly higher than those of the healthy subjects (37.26 ± 27.58 IU/ml), (18.09 ± 21.02 pg/ml) respectively in the patients, and (13.29 ± 23.63 IU/ml), (7.10 ± 19.80 pg/ml) respectively in the healthy subjects, with p-values of (< 0.001) and (0.031) respectively. Eight (21.6%) of systemic lupus erythematosus patients had inactive disease, 9 (24.3%) had mild to moderately active disease, and 20 (54.1%) had highly active disease. There were a signi cant positive correlation between the serum levels of interleukin-6 and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity, with p-value of (0.016), while there were no signi cant correlation between the serum levels of interferon-α and disease activity, with p-value of (0.734).
Conclusions
The serum levels of both cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus patients are signi cantly higher than their levels in the serum of healthy subjects, and interleukin-6 is significantly correlated with the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity.
MAST CELLS AND APOPTOTIC BODIES IN SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN UVB INDUCED SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS IN MICE AND SPORADIC CASES IN HUMANS
Authors: Salmo Nabil , Saeed Azad , Hassan Snur , Khudeir Hasanaein 
Published: July 2017

Background
Exposure to ultraviolet type B (UVB) radiation induces a number of pathologic changes in skin, including erythema, edema, epidermal hyperplasia, sunburn cell formation, immune suppression and eventually leads to cancer development.
Objective
To elucidate the differences in histological appearances of mast cells and apoptotic bodies between the two species (mice and human) among hyperkeratotic and acanthotic types of seborrheic keratosis (SK).
Materials and Methods
Thirty paraffin blocks were used in this study; fifteen histologically con rmed acanthotic and hyperkeratotic SK cases in human (9 acanthotic and 6 hyperkeratotic) and fifteen blocks from both types acanthotic and hyperkeratotic SK cases in mice induced by UVB light (9 acanthotic and 6 hyperkeratotic).
Results
Our results revealed that there was a signi cant correlation between mast cells and apoptotic bodies for both groups according to Pearson Correlation test. In human cases mast cells counting ranged between 2-10 with a mean number of 5.2/1HPF, while the total number of apoptotic bodies ranged from 1-4 with a mean number of 2.6/10HPF. When compared to mice cases, the number of mast cells were increased with a range of 12-23 and with a mean number of 19.067/1HPF, while apoptotic bodies were decreased with a range of 3-20/10HPF and with a mean number of 9.4/10HPF.
Conclusion
Dermal mast cells in ltration were remarkably increased in mice skin specimens which were exposed to UVB. The number of apoptotic bodies in UVB induced cases were more than in human sporadic cases.
IDENTIFICATION OF GLANDULAR DIFFERENTIATION IN APPENDICEAL CARCINOID TUMOR- A STUDY IN SULAIMANIA CITY
Authors: Abdullah Asmaa , Yasseen Hadeel , Khudier Hassanain , Ibrahim Ali 
Published: July 2017

Background
Carcinoid tumor of appendix is the most common appendiceal tumor. Both the classical and mixed carcinoid tumor could be identified using the routine H&E stain. Using additional stains such as Periodic Schiff stain, Alcian blue and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) stain have been used to detect these appendiceal mixed (glandular) carcinoid tumors.
Objective
To identify glandular differentiation and mucin production in appendiceal carcinoid tumors by using special stains and immunohistochemistry.
Patients and Methods
This retrospective case-control study was carried out in research laboratory of Pathology Department/School of Medicine. All pathological reports of patients with appendiceal carcinoid tumor were collected from the laboratory of pathology-Sulaimani Teaching Hospital over the period of six years (from the 1st of January 2006 to the 31st of December 2011), patient’s age, sex and histopathological diagnosis were documented. Fifteen cases (out of 10533 appendectomies) were divided into 2 groups: classical (insular) and mixed (insular with mucinous differentiation). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, 4- micrometer- thick sections were immunostained with CK20 using HIER-LSAB method. All cases were stained with Alcian blue stain for acidic mucin detection, and PAS stain for neutral mucin detection within the carcinoid tumor. Then the results of H&E stain, immunostain for epithelial differentiation and the special stains for mucin production were evaluated together and compared with similar studies.
Results
The carcinoid tumor is more common in females with a peak age range of 21-30 years, mean incidence 0.14% for fifteen cases of carcinoid tumors. Carcinoid tumor in patients above 50 years is usually mixed type. PAS and Alcian blue stains are of no statistically significant correlation with glandular differentiation, while CK20 has statistically significant correlation with glandular differentiation but staining intensity is variable.
Conclusion
H&E is the main method for the identification of glandular differentiation of carcinoid tumor, however CK20 has important value to assist the diagnosis, while mucin stains have limited value in the identification of glandular differentiation of carcinoid tumor.
MATERNAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOME OF TERM PREGNANCIES PRESENTED WITH REDUCED FETAL MOVEMENT
Authors: Kellow Sundus , Adnan Hala 
Published: July 2017

Background
Maternal perception of fetal movements is the most common method to assess fetal wellbeing in most communities nowadays. It is regarded as unstructured screening on which most pregnant women depend.Significant reduction or sudden alteration in fetal movement is a potentially important sign of impending fetal death. Studies of fetal physiology using ultrasound have demonstrated an association between reduced fetal movement and poor perinatal outcome.
Objectives
To observe the outcome of pregnancies presented with reduced fetal movement (RFM ) at term regarding intra-partum complications, time and mode of delivery and neonatal outcome.
Methods
A prospective case –control study. The data collected at Sulaimania Maternity Teaching Hospital throughout the period from the 1st of September 2012 to the 1st of March 2013. One-hundred low risk pregnant ladies at term were included in the study; fifty of them with reduced fetal movements and the other fifty with good fetal movement. After taking full history and examination including fetal heart rate and manual non stress test(MNST), they were sent to ultrasound (US) examination for amniotic fluid index and Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetery. Then they were followed up until delivery when intrapartum complications, mode of delivery and neonatal outcome were recorded and tabulated for comparison between the two groups.
Results
Regarding the mode of delivery, although the rate of C/S for fetal distress was more among the cases (45.8%) than control (29.4%) it didn’t reach significant statistical difference. The number of stillbirth were just 2 babies in the case group. There were significant neonatal complications as birth asphyxia 24% with meconium
aspiration syndrome 16%, seizures 10% and early neonatal death 6% in the studied (case) group.
Conclusion
Reduced fetal movement is an important symptom that should be taken seriously and manage accordingly, to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality. Each maternity hospital should have a protocol to deal with every pregnant presents with reduced fetal movement.
RARE ISOLATED PARTIAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS RETURN TO CORONARY SINUS
Authors: Salih Aso , Alsaedy Talal 
Published: July 2017

Background
A 6-years-old female was referred to our clinic for evaluation of symptomatic tachypnea, exertional dyspnea and previous echo finding of unexplained right side heart enlargement. An isolated anomalous pulmonary venous return of both right pulmonary veins to the coronary sinus vein was diagnosed after echocardiographic and CT angiogram evaluation. Adequate choice of surgical approach was done.
THE IMPLICATION OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ON BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL
Authors: Amin Asso , Merza Raof , Muhammed Kosar , Omer Bahra 
Published: July 2017

Background
Rheumatoid Arthritis associates with excessive morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular events. Hypertension is considered as a major risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease. Insufficient control of blood pressure appears to be more in Rheumatoid arthritis. However, factors influence the control of blood pressure in rheumatoid arthritis is understudied.
Objectives
To determine the control of blood pressure in rheumatoid arthritis versus non rheumatoid arthritis hypertensive subjects by using ambulatory blood pressure measurement and to identify the factors associated with insufficient control of blood pressure in Rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Patients and Methods
This is a case control study performed on seventy eight patients, 40 Rheumatoid arthritis hypertensive patient and 38 non-Rheumatoid arthritis hypertensive candidates between September 2012 and March 2013. Participants were between 45 and 85 years. An ambulatory blood pressure measurement was carried out for
all patients and an abnormal blood pressure was defined as systolic of more than 140 mm Hg and or diastolic of more than 90mm Hg.
Results
Blood pressure control is significantly lower in rheumatoid arthritis hypertensive patients compared to hypertensive non Rheumatoid arthritis control subjects (p-value 0.034). Furthermore, steroid users had more insufficient control of blood pressure compared to non users (p-value 0.028).There was significant association
between methotrexate use and better control of hypertension (p-value 0.008).
Conclusion
The present study concludes that blood pressure control is lower in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared with non rheumatoid arthritis subjects; this may be of importance in the context of the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Those with co morbidity may require closer monitoring and treatment strategies.
NECESSARY INCISION IN UPPER ABDOMINAL SURGERY FEASIBILITY AND OUTCOME
Authors: Abdulkarem Kalander , Faraj Faruk , Abdullah Khalid 
Published: July 2017

Background
Minilaparotomy could offer the patient a less invasive surgical approach when compared to the standardlaparotomy; it fulfills the criteria of a minimally invasive surgery involving a very small abdominal incision. The natural progression of minimal invasive surgeries is to perform the same large-scale technical operation with minimal or no evidence of scaring. Between laparotomy and laparoscopy another possible alternative is mini-laparotomy, which serves as an interesting option due to the size and benefit of the small incisions.
Objective
The Aim of our study was to assess the feasibility of performing a major upper abdominal operation through a small incision less than 6 cm in length and recording the outcomes of the procedures.
Methods
This is a prospective study carried out in Sulaymaniyah teaching hospital from October 2010 to October 2012. The study includes thirty-one patients for whom various upper abdominal surgeries were performed.The operations were categorized in to four main groups; (Upper Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary, Spleen and combined surgical procedures). Data were collected regarding demographic aspects of each patient. After the procedures the patients were monitored for any local complications related to the incision. Shortly before discharge wound inspection was preformed, information regarding length of incision, duration of hospital stay and wound related complications were recorded.
Results
Of the thirty-one patients, 51.6 % were male and 48.4 % female, the age ranged from 6 months to 85 years, with a mean age of 38.47. The mean incision length was 4.30 cm, ranging from 2 -9 cm, with a mean hospital stay of 42.58 hours (1.77 days). There were no local complications related to the incision noted during the period of observation.
Conclusion
Mini-laparotomy is a feasible approach for upper abdominal surgeries in different age groups as well as different operative procedures.
IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY FOR CHRONIC RHINO-SINUSITIS
Authors: Aziz Muaid 
Published: July 2017

Background
Chronic Rhinosinusitis has a great impact on patient`s life quality because of its associated symptoms,were endoscopic sinus surgery widely used as treatment for it , so assessment of symptomatic outcome of this type of surgery on quality of life will be of value for otorhinolaryngology surgeons and for the patient.
Objectives
To assess the effect of endoscopic sinus surgery in improving symptoms and health aspect of quality of life for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis depending on the patient`s satisfaction.
This prospective study conducted on 60 patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis, with male predominance (33 Males: 27 Females), were underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. Sino-Nasal Assessment Questionnaire used for data collection preoperatively and six months postoperatively. Data analyzed statistically and compared.
Results
There was highly significant association between the preoperative and postoperative scores(p <0.001), no association found for the outcome with the age(p>0.05) or sex (p>0.05), nasal obstruction was the most relieved symptom and cough was the least.
Conclusion
Endoscopic sinus surgery done for patients with chronic rhinosinusitishas a positive effect on disease-specific Quality of Life after six months follow-up.
EFFECT OF AGE, GENDER, BLOOD GROUP AND SOCIAL STATE ON THE SERO-PREVALENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AMONG ASYMPTOMATIC SUBJECTS IN SULAIMANI
Authors: Ibrahim Hadeel , Al-Dhahir Hawa , Mohammed Mohammed 
Published: July 2017

Background
It is known that blood group antigens are related to the development of peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Infections due to H. pylori are most widespread among the developing regions due to poor standard of public health.
Objectives
This study sought to determine the seroprevalence of H. pylori in asymptomatic individual in Sulaimani and to correlate such prevalence with age, gender, blood group and Socioeconomic state.
Methods
This study conducted in Ali Kamal Consultation clinic, Kurdistan Teaching center of Gastroenterology & Hepatology (escorts of patients) and students from University of Sulaimani, from the 1st of January to the 20th of November 2013. Serum samples from 188 apparently healthy subjects were tested for the presence of IgG and IgA antibody to H. pylori by use of ELISA test. ABO blood grouping was also done by hemagglutination test.
Results
Of the 188 subjects, there were 92(48.9%) males and 96 (51.1%) females. The age range was 20 to 49 years. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection in our study was 68.1%. H. pylori antibodies were positive in 73(79.4%) males and 55(57.3%) females, showing no significant difference P=0.079. The overall seroprevalence was found in 57.1% subjects between 20-29 years of age, 75.8% in subjects between 40-49 years of age showing significant difference P=0.045. Distribution of ABO blood groups in H. pylori positive group were, A=70.2%, B=32.4%, AB=57.1% and O=86.1%, with a statistically significant link for blood group O (p=0.001). H. pylori sero-positivity was higher in low social state 59(93.7%), moderate social state 47(87%) then lowest in high social state 22 (31%), P = 0.032.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that H. pylori infection can be related to ABO blood group, age and social state. People of blood group O, 40-49 years of age and low social state are more prone to develop this infection.