bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How e-readers have changed personal connections with books
Authors: Ketron Seth , Naletelich Kelly 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
Although the functional benefits of e-books have been discussed in the emerging literature on the e-reader platform, the hedonic/emotional aspects of e-book usage have not been explored. This study aims to explore the impact that e-readers have on consumers’ connections with books. Relying on self-concept theory and possessions as the extended self, the authors address the following two questions: What are the hedonic differences between e-books and printed books, and, if the functional benefits of e-books are so compelling, then why do some people still use printed books?

Design/methodology/approach
The researchers pursue a qualitative design through the use of semi-structured interviews, with a combination of base questions and follow-up questions tailored to the individual respondent.

Findings
The results reveal six primary themes: convenience, change, community, collection, connection and children. Within each, functional benefits are identified, confirming prior literature on these benefits, and hedonic/emotional themes emerge, revealing that e-readers are capable of changing consumers’ connections with books. Namely, while e-books offer functional benefits over printed books, consumers feel less connected to books read using an e-reader platform and prefer to purchase the printed versions of books that hold special meanings for them. These findings align with self-concept theory and indicate that printed books are an extension of the self, one that cannot be completely replaced by e-books.

Originality/value
This research adds to the emerging literature on e-books by demonstrating that e-readers have emotional implications for consumers as components of the self-concept/extended self. Prior literature has focused solely on the functional benefits associated with e-books but has not directly addressed the role of books in the self-concept.
ERM adoption in the insurance sector
Authors: Jabbour Mirna , Abdel-Kader Magdy 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate various institutional pressures driving the adoption and implementation of a new risk management system; enterprise risk management (ERM).Design/methodology/approachThe implementation of ERM-related practices is analysed based on an institutional framework and drawing on empirical evidence from multiple sources in ten large/medium-sized insurance companies. This paper focuses on extra-organisational pressures exerted by political, social and economic institutions on insurance companies which drove the adoption decision.FindingsIt was found that different change agents have taken part in the decision to introduce new risk management system as a part of ERM implementation process. Further, the institutional pressures, coercive, mimetic and normative, were found to differ in character and strength over different intervals of time in relation to the adoption of ERM. Companies that adopted ERM early were mostly driven by internal strategic drivers, whereas the recent adoption decision was more driven by coercive and mimetic pressures. Thus, evidence of divergence between insurance companies was found.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings have implications for policy makers, regulatory agencies and innovation developers. ERM was considered not only as a necessity but also as a value added to the insurance companies under study. Thus, regulators and innovation developers should survey main players in any specific organisational field to understand their views before issuing new compulsory regulations or developing innovations. They also need to consider exploring companies’ experiences with ERM, which can provide a basis for the development of strengthened and more informative regulatory ERM frameworks. This will support a faster and easier understanding and implementation of ERM framework hindered by the confusions companies may face when considering the complicated/changing regulatory and risk requirements.Originality/valueThis study extends the scope of institutional analysis to the risk management field, particularly ERM and to the explanation of how different institutions affect the decision to move towards ERM and modify the risk management rules applied within the organisational environment. It looks not only at convergences but also divergences associated with the period of time when ERM adoption decision was made. Thus, it develops a processual view of change.
Analysis of new additive manufacturing technology based on selective composite formation using finite element method approach
Authors: Cunico Marlon Wesley Machado , Carvalho Jonas de 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
Over the past few years, the number of related research to additive manufacturing (AM) has risen. The selective composite formation (SCF) can also be found among the new technologies that were developed. This technology was first introduced in 2013, and because of its innovative character, there are still many challenges to be overcome. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to present a finite element method which allows to investigate the processing of the material during the selective formation of a composite material based on cellulose and acrylic.

Design/methodology/approach
In the beginning, we introduced a brand new finite element method approach which is based on light transmittance network and photopolymerisation in transient state. This method is mainly characterised by internal light absorption, transversal reflectance, light transmittance coefficient and photopolymerisation kinetics. The authors defined experimentally the main model coefficients besides investigating the formation of composite material in six case studies. The main variables evaluated in those studies were the number of layers and the number of lines. By the end, the degree of polymer conversion and the preliminary evaluation of adherence between layers were identified in addition to the formation profile of composite material.

Findings
The presented method evidence that the SCF resulted in a profile of polymerisation which is different from profiles found in vat polymerisation processes. It was shown that the light diffraction increases polymerisation area to outside of laser limits and reduces the penetration depth. It was also exposed that the selective formation of composite material on the top layer interferes with the polymerisation of previous layers and might increase the polymerised area in about 25 per cent per layer. By the end, adherence between layers was evidenced because of a high-pass filter that limited polymer conversion to over 60 per cent. In this case, the adherence between the top layers was provided by the interface between layers, while the deeper layers resulted in a solid formed by composite.

Originality/value
This paper presents research results related to a very new AM technology and also proposes a new method to characterise this concept. Because of this new analytic approach, the process planning can be simulated and optimised, in addition to being a useful tool for other researches related to photocurable polymers and AM technologies.
Assessing patterns in introduction pathways of alien species by linking major invasion data bases
Authors: Saul Wolf‐Christian , Roy Helen E. , Booy Olaf , Carnevali Lucilla , Chen Hsuan‐Ju , Genovesi Piero , Harrower Colin A. , Hulme Philip E. , Pagad Shyama , Pergl Jan , Jeschke Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2016

Summary

Preventing the arrival of invasive alien species (IAS) is a major priority in managing biological invasions. However, information on introduction pathways is currently scattered across many data bases that often use different categorisations to describe similar pathways. This hampers the identification and prioritisation of pathways to meet the main targets of recent environmental policies.

Therefore, we integrate pathway information from two major IAS data bases, IUCN's Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) and the DAISIE European Invasive Alien Species Gateway, applying the new standard categorisation scheme recently adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). We describe the process of mapping pathways from the individual data bases to the CBD scheme and provide, for the first time, detailed descriptions of the standard pathway categories. The combined data set includes pathway information for 8323 species across major taxonomic groups (plants, vertebrates, invertebrates, algae, fungi, other) and environments (terrestrial, freshwater, marine).

We analyse the data for major patterns in the introduction pathways, highlighting that the specific research question and context determines whether the combined or an individual data set is the better information source for such analyses. While the combined data set provides an improved basis for direction‐setting in invasion management policies on the global level, individual data sets often better reflect regional idiosyncrasies. The combined data set should thus be considered in addition to, rather than replacing, existing individual data sets.

Pathway patterns derived from the combined and individual data sets show that the intentional pathways ‘Escape’ and ‘Release’ are most important for plants and vertebrates, while for invertebrates, algae, fungi and micro‐organisms unintentional transport pathways prevail. Differences in pathway proportions among marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments are much less pronounced. The results also show that IAS with highest impacts in Europe are on average associated with a greater number of pathways than other alien species and are more frequently introduced both intentionally and unintentionally.

Synthesis and applications. Linking data bases on invasive alien species by harmonising and consolidating their pathway information is essential to turn dispersed data into useful knowledge. The standard pathway categorisation scheme recently adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity may be crucial to facilitate this process. Our study demonstrates the value of integrating major invasion data bases to help managers and policymakers reach robust conclusions about patterns in introduction pathways and thus aid effective prevention and prioritisation in invasion management.
Dung beetles reduce livestock gastrointestinal parasite availability on pasture
Authors: Sands Bryony , Wall Richard 
Published: October 2016

Summary

Anthelmintics are widely used to control gastrointestinal parasites of livestock. However, the residues of these compounds, particularly the macrocyclic lactones, are excreted largely unmetabolised in faeces, where they may have toxic effects on dung‐colonising insects. Impoverishment of the coprophagous beetle community impairs the process of dung recycling and, as a result, may enhance the persistence of dung‐dwelling helminth parasitic stages.

To test this possibility, a large‐scale field trial was conducted in south‐west England. The availability of infective parasite helminth larvae (L3) was investigated on the herbage around 240 artificial 1‐kg dung pats that had been constructed from the faeces of beef cattle with naturally acquired strongyle infections. Herbage up to 15 cm surrounding each pat was sampled at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after deposition. Pats were subject to enhanced, natural or no dung beetle colonisation and uncontrolled or enhanced rainfall.

Under uncontrolled rainfall conditions, 2 weeks after pat deposition, significantly more L3 were recovered from around pats that were exposed to beetle colonisation than from pats that were not colonised. However, by week 8, significantly fewer L3 were recovered from around pats that were exposed to beetle colonisation compared to uncolonised pats.

Under conditions of enhanced rainfall, pats yielded significantly more L3 than under uncontrolled rainfall conditions, and there were no differences in recovery from herbage around pats with enhanced, natural or no beetle colonisation.

The data suggest that over the duration of a summer grazing season, temperate habitat dung‐colonising insect communities, which include mainly small endocoprid dung beetles of the genus Aphodius, can reduce the development and survival of livestock gastrointestinal parasites on pastures, but that this can be overridden by the effect of high rainfall.

Synthesis and applications. The work demonstrates that conservation of dung beetle populations in temperate climates is important in livestock management, not only for their essential role in dung degradation and nutrient cycling, but because their activity can also reduce the survival and availability of gastrointestinal parasites on pastures.
Changes in physicochemical and functional properties of whey protein concentrate upon succinylation
Authors: Shilpashree Bosayya Govindaraju , Arora Sumit , Sharma Vivek , Chawla Prince , Vakkalagadda Ravikumar 
Published: October 2016

The highest degree of succinylation was achieved at the level of 6 moles of succinic anhydride/mole of lysine in whey protein concentrate (WPC). Structural modification of protein or the presence of a high negative charge on the surface of protein upon succinylation exposed buried hydrophobic sites. The solubility of succinylated protein derivatives increased at alkaline pH but decreased at acidic pH values as compared to native WPC. The physicochemical properties of succinylated protein derivatives, such as water– and oil– binding capacity, viscosity and emulsion properties increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to native WPC, whereas, foaming stability reduced significantly (P < 0.05) and there was no change in the foaming capacity.
deBInfer: Bayesian inference for dynamical models of biological systems in R
Authors: Boersch‐Supan Philipp H. , Ryan Sadie J. , Johnson Leah R. 
Published: October 2016

Summary

Understanding the mechanisms underlying biological systems, and ultimately, predicting their behaviours in a changing environment, requires overcoming the gap between mathematical models and experimental or observational data. Differential equations (DEs) are commonly used to model the temporal evolution of biological systems, but statistical methods for comparing DE models to data and for parameter inference are relatively poorly developed. This is especially problematic in the context of biological systems where observations are often noisy and only a small number of time points may be available.

The Bayesian approach offers a coherent framework for parameter inference that can account for multiple sources of uncertainty, while making use of prior information. It offers a rigorous methodology for parameter inference, as well as modelling the link between unobservable model states and parameters, and observable quantities.

We present deBInfer, a package for the statistical computing environment R, implementing a Bayesian framework for parameter inference in DEs. deBInfer provides templates for the DE model, the observation model and data likelihood, and the model parameters and their prior distributions. A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedure processes these inputs to estimate the posterior distributions of the parameters and any derived quantities, including the model trajectories. Further functionality is provided to facilitate MCMC diagnostics, the visualization of the posterior distributions of model parameters and trajectories, and the use of compiled DE models for improved computational performance.

The templating approach makes deBInfer applicable to a wide range of DE models. We demonstrate its application to ordinary and delay DE models for population ecology.
An Observational Study of Dyspnea in Emergency Departments: The Asia, Australia, and New Zealand Dyspnea in Emergency Departments Study (AANZDEM)
Authors: Kelly Anne Maree , Keijzers Gerben , Klim Sharon , Graham Colin A. , Craig Simon , Kuan Win Sen , Jones Peter , Holdgate Anna , Lawoko Charles , Laribi Said ,   the AANZDEM Study Group
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to describe the epidemiology of dyspnea presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in the Asia‐Pacific region, to understand how it is investigated and treated and its outcome.MethodsProspective interrupted time series cohort study conducted at three time points in EDs in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Malaysia of adult patients presenting to the ED with dyspnea as a main symptom. Data were collected over three 72‐hour periods and included demographics, comorbidities, mode of arrival, usual medications, prehospital treatment, initial assessment, ED investigations, treatment in the ED, ED diagnosis, disposition from ED, in‐hospital outcome, and final hospital diagnosis. The primary outcomes of interest are the epidemiology, investigation, treatment, and outcome of patients presenting to ED with dyspnea.ResultsA total of 3,044 patients were studied. Patients with dyspnea made up 5.2% (3,105/60,059, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.0% to 5.4%) of ED presentations, 11.4% of ward admissions (1,956/17,184, 95% CI = 10.9% to 11.9%), and 19.9% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (104/523, 95% CI = 16.7% to 23.5%). The most common diagnoses were lower respiratory tract infection (20.2%), heart failure (14.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (13.6%), and asthma (12.7%). Hospital ward admission was required for 64% of patients (95% CI = 62% to 66%) with 3.3% (95% CI = 2.8% to 4.1%) requiring ICU admission. In‐hospital mortality was 6% (95% CI = 5.0% to 7.2%).ConclusionDyspnea is a common symptom in ED patients contributing substantially to ED, hospital, and ICU workload. It is also associated with significant mortality. There are a wide variety of causes however chronic disease accounts for a large proportion.
A case of dengue‐related osteonecrosis of the maxillary dentoalveolar bone
Authors: Al‐Namnam NM , Nambiar P , Shanmuhasuntharam P , Harris M 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDengue is a mosquito transmitted flaviviral infection which can give rise to severe haemorrhage (dengue haemorrhagic fever) and with capillary leakage induces hypovolaemic shock (dengue shock syndrome). Although dengue symptoms and complications have been known for many decades, there has only been one documented case of osteonecrosis of the maxilla which was treated by excision of the necrotic bone. In this case of dengue infection, extensive maxillary osteonecrosis and minimal root resorption appeared to follow factitious injury with a toothpick but resolved with non‐surgical management.
“Just one bad high:” Considering synthetic cannabinoid outcome expectancies in adolescents
Authors: Mathai David S. , Verrico Christopher D. , Shorter Daryl , Coverdale John H. , Kosten Thomas R. 
Published: October 2016

Background/ObjectivesCertain medical consequences seem unique to synthetic cannabinoid (SC) and not cannabis use. We report the case of an adolescent, whose drug expectancies appear to minimize the severity of SC‐related adverse events.Methods/ResultsAn 18‐year‐old male presented with altered mental status and seizure, complicated by respiratory failure. He was stabilized and on discharge, despite counseling on the harms of SC usage, the patient planned to resume use, insisting that the hospitalization was “just one bad high”.Discussion/Conclusions/Scientific SignificanceDiminished negative expectancies related to SC use among adolescents may reflect generalizations from cannabis. Effective interventions should counter cannabis‐related expectancies of minimal harm. (Am J Addict 2016;25:620–622)
Adaptive skills are useful for evaluating the effect of pharmacological treatment in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Lindblad Ida , Nasic Salmir , Landgren Magnus , Svensson Leif , Gillberg Christopher , Fernell Elisabeth 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThere are few long‐term studies of adaptive functions as an outcome measure of pharmacological treatment in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study assessed the adaptive abilities of children with ADHD before and after several years of pharmacological treatment.MethodWe studied 12 children with a mean age of 15 years – seven boys and five girls – who had continued pharmacological treatment for ADHD for more than four years. The Adaptive Behaviour Assessment Scales – Second Edition ratings by their teachers were compared before and after they had received treatment for ADHD.ResultsOn a group level, the conceptual, practical and general adaptive composite domains improved significantly between the baseline and follow‐up study. There were clear individual variations: more than half of the group increased from an adaptive level far below average to average, a minority displayed no major changes, and one individual deteriorated. The girls tended to have better outcomes than the boys.ConclusionThis study was nonrandomised and only analysed within‐group changes in a small number of participants. However, the findings suggest that four to five years of stimulant treatment had markedly positive effects on adaptive functioning in more than half of the school‐age children with ADHD.
Respiratory reactance in children aged three to five years with postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans is higher than in those with asthma
Authors: Lee Eun , Yoon Jisun , Cho Hyun‐Ju , Hong Soo‐Jong , Yu Jinho 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimWe investigated airway function in preschoolers with postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) using impulse oscillometry (IOS).MethodsThis study enrolled 182 children aged three to five years: 12 with PIBO, 135 with asthma and 35 nonatopic controls. Respiratory resistance and reactance were assessed using IOS.ResultsThe percentage predicted (% predicted) of prebronchodilator respiratory resistance at 5 Hz was significantly higher in children with PIBO (177.9 ± 118.4%) than the asthma (126.1 ± 30.5%, p = 0.013) or control (121.1 ± 21.8%, p = 0.014) groups. After bronchodilator use, children with PIBO did not reach the values of Rrs5% predicted in the asthma and control groups. Respiratory reactance (Xrs5% predicted) in children with PIBO (337.1 ± 478.5%) was significantly higher than both asthma (130.0 ± 80.0%, p = 0.004) and control (105.1 ± 30.8%, p < 0.001) groups before bronchodilator use and significantly higher than the two groups after bronchodilator use (p = 0.010 and p = 0.004, respectively). The changes in Rrs5 and Xrs5 were not significantly different between the children with PIBO and asthma.ConclusionMeasuring Rrs5 and Xrs5 before and after bronchodilator use may help to discriminate PIBO from asthma in children aged three to five years with chronic or recurrent respiratory symptoms.