bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiply Antibiotic Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in a Long Term Care Facility A Case Control Study of Patient rick Factors and Prior Antibiotic Use
Authors: Muder Robert R , Brennen Carole , Drenning Stephanie D. , Stout Janet E. , Wagener Marilyn M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjective:To determine the relation between prior exposure to specific antimicrobials and acquisition of gram-negative bacilli resistant to multiple ß-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics among long-term-care patients.Design:Case-control study. Cases were patients from whom multiply resistantEnterobacteriaceaeorPseudomonas aeruginosawere isolated; controls were patients from whom nonresistant bacteria of the same species were isolated. Prospectively defined risk factors included underlying illness, activity level, presence of decu-bitus ulcers, presence of indwelling devices, and prior exposure to specific antimicrobial agents. Resistant and control isolates ofP aeruginosawere compared using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of genomic DNA after digestion withXbaI.Setting:390-bed long-term Veterans' Affairs facility.Results:We identified 35 patients with multiply resistantEnterobacteriaceaeand 24 patients with multiply resistantP aeruginosa. Of the resistantEnterobacteriaceae, 87% of isolates were resistant to piperacillin, 55% to ceftazidime, and 90% to gentamicin. Acquisition of multiply resistantEnterobacteriaceaewas associated with presence of decubitus ulcers (odds ratio [OR], 12.2; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 3.3-44.2;P=.0002) and prior receipt of ampicillm (OR, 13.7; CI95, 2.2-84;P=.005). Of resistant isolates ofP aeruginosa, 88% were resistant to piperacillin, 25% to ceftazidime, 42% to imipenem, and 67% to ciprofloxacin. Isolation of a multiply resistantP aeruginosawas associated with total days of antimicrobial exposure (OR, 1.07; CI95, 1.01-1.12;P=.011) and not with prior receipt of any individual agent. Eleven multiply resistant isolates shared a common PFGE pattern.Conclusions:In our long-term-care facility, acquisition of multiply resistantEnterobacteriaceaewas associated with the presence of decubitus ulcers and prior exposure to ampicillin. Acquisition of resistantP aeruginosawas associated with total antibiotic exposure. Molecular typing ofP aeruginosaisolates implicated patient-to-patient transmission of a limited number of resistant strains.
Seed-dispersal ecology of tropical montane forests
Authors: Chapman Hazel , Cordeiro Norbert J. , Dutton Paul , Wenny Dan , Kitamura Shumpei , Kaplin Beth , Melo Felipe P. L. , Lawes Michael J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract:Seed-dispersal ecology in tropical montane forests (TMF) differs in some predictable ways from tropical lowland forests (TLF). Environmental, biogeographic and biotic factors together shape dispersal syndromes which in turn influence forest structure and community composition. Data on diaspore traits along five elevational gradients from forests in Thailand, the Philippines, Tanzania, Malawi and Nigeria showed that diaspore size decreases with increasing altitude, fleshy fruits remain the most common fruit type but the relative proportion of wind-dispersed diaspores increases with altitude. Probably corresponding to diaspore size decreasing with increasing elevation, we also provide evidence that avian body size and gape width decrease with increasing altitude. Among other notable changes in the frugivorous fauna across elevational gradients, we found quantitative evidence illustrating that the proportion of bird versus mammalian frugivores increases with altitude, while TMF primates decrease in diversity and density, and switch diets to include less fruit and more leaf proportionately. A paucity of studies on dispersal distance and seed shadows, the dispersal/predation balance and density-dependent mortality thwart much-needed conclusive comparisons of seed dispersal ecology between TMF and TLF, especially from understudied Asian forests. We examine the available evidence, reveal knowledge gaps and recommend research to enhance our understanding of seed dispersal ecology in tropical forests. This review demonstrates that seed dispersal is a more deterministic and important process in tropical montane forests than has been previously appreciated.
Spirit of Place
Authors: Lee Christopher 
Published: August 2016

No other town in Queensland is so well favoured by nature for combining these rare advantages. We have the healthiness of climate, the coolness of a fine English summer, the pure and rarefied air of a moderate elevation, which dwellers along the hot and humid coast so much desire. We have beauty of scenery in picturesque variety, with a panorama of rolling Downs and far-reaching plain … ours is the first town on the elevated Downs after rising from the close and exhausting atmosphere of the ‘littoral’ country.

So rhapsodised the editorial in the Toowoomba Chronicle on 14 June, 1890. From the nineteenth century the drop in temperature which greeted the traveller's ascent to the elevated tablelands of the Darling Downs was greeted as a sign of a more vitalising and health-giving climate than the sub-tropical humidity of the Brisbane coastal plain. Katie Hume in 1866 felt Toowoomba's air 'cool and English like … after the heat of Brisbane’, while the consumptive Walter Coote argued in 1887 that the Downs possessed ‘a climate as healthful and even invigorating as that of any place in the World’ (Hume 160, Coote 201). The Social-Darwinist connection between the moral character of a people and the temperature of their climate was a frequent theme of nineteenth century culture. The imperial triumphs of European civilisation were often explained by Europe's temperate climate, for the cooler the climate the more ‘civil’ the people are deemed to be (Spurr); and Europe's temperate climate was also an acknowledged cause of the reasoned moral restraint of the civilised colonial settler. Thus the celebration of Toowoomba's ‘European’ climate served to familiarise an alien Australian space as a place which would support European settlement.
The Function of 'the tragic' in Henry Reynolds' Narratives of Contact History
Authors: Butt Beckett Louise 
Published: August 2016

This paper discusses the ways in which ideas of ‘the tragic’ function in recent narratives of contact history in Australia. ‘Contact history’ is used here to refer to first and second generation contact between Aboriginal people and the European invaders in Australia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and I shall be primarily concerned with those historical narratives which attempt to ‘re-write’ history to include Aboriginal responses during this period. Within Australian historiography this project is said to have commenced in the 1970s, prompted by wider events in the Australian community such as the Aboriginal land rights movement (Curthoys 1983, 99). One of the best-known contributors to this project of inclusion has been Henry Reynolds, now the author of eight books dedicated to it. I shall be examining two of Reynolds' most recent contributions to this area: With the White People (1990) and The Fate of a Free People (1995). At the same time that Reynolds and other professional historians have engaged in this project, there has been an increasing body of work by Aboriginal writers — much of it classified as fiction rather than academic historiography — examining these same themes of initial contact and resistance to invasion. In order to clarify some of my arguments about the function of the tragic mode in Reynolds' work, I shall also discuss a recently published short story by the Aboriginal writer, Gerry Bostock.
A Liberal Revival in Brisbane?
Authors: Reynolds Paul 
Published: August 2016

The paper takes as its point of departure the proposition that for the Liberals to return as a significant electoral force in Queensland state politics they need to be far more successful in metropolitan electorates than in the 1983–92 period.
The extent of the electoral advancement in the greater metropolitan area in 1995 is examined by a classification of seat types and by voting patterns in the recent past. It is found that such success was variable, heavily dependent upon the legacy of the National urban vote (1989–92) and the propensity of erstwhile ALP voters to opt for Others, rather than the Liberals when registering their primary vote.
The Australian Stockman's Hall of Fame and the Australian Legend
Authors: Trotter Robin 
Published: August 2016

On the fortieth anniversary of the publication of Russell Ward's Australian Legend, it is timely to evaluate the strength of the bush legend in contemporary Australia. One way of doing this is to consider how elements of the legend have been taken up in tourist products and this study, which takes up on an earlier study undertaken in 1988 (Trotter, 1992), looks at the impacts the Australian Stockman's Hall of Fame and Outback Cultural Centre in Longreach (the Hall) has had on the town, the region, and broader spheres. Also celebrating an anniversary in April — its tenth — the Hall has, over the decade, become a significant outback tourist site; and the journey there has acquired almost pilgrimage status. It has put Longreach ‘on the map’; and it has also provided a model for towns and regions aspiring to a ‘heritage-led’ economic recovery.
'The Cane Toad Times' Queensland — Warts and All
Authors: Stocks Simon 
Published: August 2016

The Cane Toad Times — Australia's Humour Magazine was published in two volumes. Volume one was published in the late 1970's and volume two between 1983 and 1990.
The first volume of The Cane Toad Times was approximately seven issues and appeared between 1977 and 1978. It was published by Planet Press in Brisbane and in the words of the editors of volume 2, it was “…a funny little folded thing filled with naughty cartoons and scribblings founded somewhere 1976ish by our foretoads…” (CIT Issue 10 1986, p.4) Matt Mawson, who supplied the cover graphic and some illustrations for the first issue described “the original prime movers (as) John Jiggens and John Reid, the Planet Press anarchists” (1997). Volume one was first issued in May 1977 and was sold locally at events such as 4ZZZ-FM market days, but “the early Toad was squashed on the road of life by a big truck with Negative Cash Flow Ink written on the side.” (#10 1986, p.4)
Comparative Perspectives on White and Indigenous Women's Political Citizenship in Queensland
Authors: Grimshaw Patricia 
Published: August 2016

The centenary of the passage in early 1905 of the Act to Amend the Elections Acts, 1885 to 1899, which extended the right to vote to white women in Queensland, marks a moment of great importance in the political and social history of Australia. The high ground of the history of women's suffrage in Australia is undoubtedly the passage of the 1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act that gave all white women in Australia political citizenship: the right to vote and to stand for parliamentary office at the federal level. Obviously this attracted the most attention internationally, given that it placed Australia on the short list of communities that had done so to date; most women in the world had to await the aftermath of the First or Second World Wars for similar rights.
Lady Parachutists and the End of Civilisation in Queensland
Authors: Metcalf Bill 
Published: August 2016

Brisbane was wiped off the face of the Earth and Queensland ceased to exist as a political entity under the combined military forces of Victoria and New South Wales during violent conflict at the end of the twentieth century. Brisbane was annihilated because of the un-Christian sins of its people, and the moral corruption of its leaders. The Queensland Defence Force was incapable of defending even itself, let alone defeating the invading troops. The pivotal event in this collapse concerned the alluring performances by a group of ‘lady parachutists’ who entertained the Queensland military forces, thereby distracting them and allowing the opposing forces to easily defeat them at the Battle of Fort Lytton.
That, at least, is the key to the plot of Dr Thomas Pennington Lucas's 1894 dystopian novel The Ruins of Brisbane in the Year 2000. The origin of this ‘lady parachutists’ myth, and the connections between this myth and the end of Queensland civilisation, led me to research a fascinating episode in Queensland's cultural history, and in particular Victorian notions of sexual propriety, ‘true manhood’ and the combined — albeit veiled — threats posed by unfettered female sexuality and male masturbation.
Colonialism and the Role of the Local Show
Authors: Edwards Rob 
Published: August 2016

Agricultural shows are important events in rural and regional Australia. For over a century, they have often been the main annual festival on any given town's calendar. This importance makes the lack of scholarly attention to rural and regional shows puzzling. Recently, Australian exhibitions and agricultural shows have come in for some very welcome scholarly attention, although very little has been written about rural and regional events. Scholars such as Kate Darian-Smith and Sara Wills, Joanne Scott and Ross Laurie, Judith McKay, and Kay Anderson have all written on exhibitions and shows – although, of this group, only Darian-Smith and Wills have written on rural shows, the rest focusing more on inter-colonial and metropolitan Australian shows. Even Richard Waterhouse's groundbreaking study of rural Australian cultural history, The Vision Splendid, provides little detail on agricultural shows and their role in rural cultural life, although the show's importance is recognised.
Holding Australia to Ransom
Authors: Saunders Malcolm , Lloyd Neil 
Published: August 2016

Probably no one who has entered either federal or state Parliament in Australia departed from it as loathed and despised as Malcolm Arthur Colston. A Labor senator from Queensland between 1975 and 1996, he is remembered by that party as a 'rat' who betrayed it for the sake of personal advancement. Whereas many Labor parliamentarians - most notably Prime Minister 'Billy' Hughes in 1917 - have left the party because they strongly disagreed with it over a major policy issue or a matter of principle, in the winter of 1996 Colston unashamedly left it to secure the deputy presidency of the Senate and the status, income and several other perquisites that went with it. Labor's bitterness towards Colston stems not merely from the fact that he showed extraordinary ingratitude towards a party that had allowed him a parliamentary career but more especially because, between his defection from the party in August 1996 and his retirement from Parliament in June 1999, his vote allowed the Liberal-National Party government led by John Howard to pass legislation through the Senate that might otherwise have been rejected.
Kate Morton, 'The Forgotten Garden and Jena Woodhouse, 'Farming Ghosts'
Authors: Green Stephanie 
Published: August 2016

Kate Morton, The Forgotten Garden, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2008, ISBN 9 7817 4175 7644, 554 pp., $32.95
Jena Woodhouse, Farming Ghosts, Adelaide: Ginninderra Press, ISBN 9 7817 4027 5569, 199 pp, $25.00
Our Chains
Authors: Thornton Merle 
Published: August 2016

On 31 March 1965, Ro Bogner and I went into the public bar of the Regatta Hotel in Brisbane's Coronation Drive and tried to order a lemonade each. Because we were women, we were refused and ordered out, but we did not leave. We chained ourselves to the bar rail instead. The barman, then the publican, then police — first uniformed then plain-clothes — tried hard to get us to leave without force. When they failed, they unexpectedly left us to it. At once there followed a storm of publicity, even extending overseas, and public response ranging from passionate support to hostile opposition right through to threats of violence and even death.
Forty-one years later, in the Museum of Brisbane in the City Hall, I saw photos, press clippings and texts about this first, and subsequent, demonstrations in the campaign to admit women to public bars in Queensland. The context was the recent Taking to the Streets Exhibition, an extensive and well-researched showing of the radical movements in Brisbane in 1965–85. Looking back, how do I now view the Regatta demonstration and the subsequent campaigns for change for women in which I was involved? Where do they stand in relation to changes since? Do they still have relevance to goals for women now?
Taking It from the Streets
Authors: Rickertt Jeff 
Published: August 2016

Writing in Griffith Review 13 about ‘being political now’, Mark Bahnisch described the Museum of Brisbane's Taking to the Streets exhibition as a ‘monument to the symbolism of the '60s’. On display, he wrote, were causes and experiences that ‘symbolise a generation’. It's an interesting observation, especially in an essay concerned with debunking generational stereotypes. For it seems Bahnisch himself may have fallen for, well, a generational stereotype. Aside from apparently missing the 75 per cent of the exhibition that didn't deal with the 1960s, he also seems to have failed to notice that the people represented in the interviews, the written accounts, the grainy images, the shaky film footage and the lists of arrests were not all of one generation. Ranging from punks to pensioners, students to seafarers, communists to Christians, they were in fact an amazingly motley bunch of citizens who shared a history only because they shared a desire for a better society and a belief that protest was a legitimate and worthwhile political activity. And, despite the mythology, the issues they mobilised around — war, racism, the nuclear industry, sexism, workers' rights, civil liberties — had been around as causes well before 1965. Even that icon of late 1960s radicalism — the peace symbol — came from earlier times, as Ted D'Urso so carefully explained in his exhibition interview.
Speaking their Sex
Authors: Tait Gordon , Meredyth Denise 
Published: August 2016

In Sex Education in the Eighties, Mary Calderstone concludes her article with the most common raison d'etre for formal, school-based sex education:

We can no longer allow our young children to be see-sawed back and forth between public over-permissiveness and exploitativeness, on the one hand, and private repressiveness, punishment, shame, guilt, or total silence on the other as we see happening now … Our children are sexual: they are born that way and would not be considered normal if this were not so. It is our responsibility to help parents not to fear or repress their children's sexuality, but to help it to mature safely along with all the other wondrous endowments that are part of being a human child.
Drosophila melanogaster females restore their attractiveness after mating by removing male anti-aphrodisiac pheromones
Authors: Laturney Meghan , Billeter Jean-Christophe 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMales from many species ensure paternity by preventing their mates from copulating with other males. One mate-guarding strategy involves marking females with anti-aphrodisiac pheromones (AAPs), which reduces the females’ attractiveness and dissuades other males from courting. Since females benefit from polyandry, sexual conflict theory predicts that females should develop mechanisms to counteract AAPs to achieve additional copulations, but no such mechanisms have been documented. Here we show that during copulation Drosophila melanogaster males transfer two AAPs: cis-Vaccenyl Acetate (cVA) to the females’ reproductive tract, and 7-Tricosene (7-T) to the females’ cuticle. A few hours after copulation, females actively eject cVA from their reproductive tract, which results in increased attractiveness and re-mating. Although 7-T remains on those females, we show that it is the combination of the two chemicals that reduces attractiveness. To our knowledge, female AAP ejection provides the first example of a female mechanism that counter-acts chemical mate-guarding.
Modelling chronotaxicity of cellular energy metabolism to facilitate the identification of altered metabolic states
Authors: Lancaster Gemma , Suprunenko Yevhen F. , Jenkins Kirsten , Stefanovska Aneta 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAltered cellular energy metabolism is a hallmark of many diseases, one notable example being cancer. Here, we focus on the identification of the transition from healthy to abnormal metabolic states. To do this, we study the dynamics of energy production in a cell. Due to the thermodynamic openness of a living cell, the inability to instantaneously match fluctuating supply and demand in energy metabolism results in nonautonomous time-varying oscillatory dynamics. However, such oscillatory dynamics is often neglected and treated as stochastic. Based on experimental evidence of metabolic oscillations, we show that changes in metabolic state can be described robustly by alterations in the chronotaxicity of the corresponding metabolic oscillations, i.e. the ability of an oscillator to resist external perturbations. We also present a method for the identification of chronotaxicity, applicable to general oscillatory signals and, importantly, apply this to real experimental data. Evidence of chronotaxicity was found in glycolytic oscillations in real yeast cells, verifying that chronotaxicity could be used to study transitions between metabolic states.
Osteopontin Deficiency Alters Biliary Homeostasis and Protects against Gallstone Formation
Authors: Lin Jing , Lu Ming , Shao Wei-qing , Chen Zong-you , Zhu Wen-wei , Lu Lu , Jia Hu-liang , Cai Duan , Qin Lun-xiu , Chen Jin-hong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe precipitation of excess biliary cholesterol as solid crystals is a prerequisite for cholesterol gallstone formation, which occurs due to disturbed biliary homeostasis. Biliary homeostasis is regulated by an elaborate network of genes in hepatocytes. If unmanaged, the cholesterol crystals will aggregate, fuse and form gallstones. We have previously observed that the levels of osteopontin (OPN) in bile and gallbladder were reduced in gallstone patients. However, the role and mechanism for hepatic OPN in cholesterol gallstone formation is undetermined. In this study, we found that the expression of hepatic OPN was increased in gallstone patients compared with gallstone-free counterparts. Then, we observed that OPN-deficient mice were less vulnerable to cholesterol gallstone formation than wild type mice. Further mechanistic studies revealed that this protective effect was associated with alterations of bile composition and was caused by the increased hepatic CYP7A1 expression and the reduced expression of hepatic SHP, ATP8B1, SR-B1 and SREBP-2. Finally, the correlations between the expression of hepatic OPN and the expression of these hepatic genes were validated in gallstone patients. Taken together, our findings reveal that hepatic OPN contributes to cholesterol gallstone formation by regulating biliary metabolism and might be developed as a therapeutic target for gallstone treatments.