bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Class‐wised domain decoupling‐guided adversarial feature learning for cross‐age face recognition
Authors: Wu Yongbo , Hu Haifeng , Chen Dihu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHow to extract age‐independent identity features from face images has long been the major challenge in cross‐age face recognition task. In this letter, a class‐wised domain decoupling‐guided adversarial feature learning network to extract age‐independent face features is proposed. In this model, an adversarial feature learning module is designed to decompose identity features and age features. Considering that artificially designed age interference suppression strategies are difficult to fit the complex relationship between identity features and age features, an adversarial training strategy incorporated with an attention mechanism in the adversarial feature learning module is introduced to suppress age interference adaptively. Besides, under the idea of maximizing the distribution difference of identity feature domain and age feature domain, a class‐wised domain decoupling module is further designed to guide the model to extract age‐independent identity features. The proposed model has been validated on the well‐known public datasets CALFW and CACD‐VS, where it achieved remarkable recognition accuracy rates of 94.5% and 99.5%, respectively. This represents improvements of 4.2% and 0.1% over the state‐of‐the‐art single‐task‐based models, clearly showcasing the effectiveness of the proposed class‐wised domain decoupling‐guided adversarial feature learning model.
A spatiotemporal learning approach to safety‐oriented individualized driving risk assessment in a vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) environment
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Xuantong , Zhang Tong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdvances in real‐time basic safety message (BSM) data from sensor‐equipped vehicles have created new opportunities for driving risk assessments. This paper presents a machine learning approach using BSM data to provide fine‐grained risk assessments, focusing on safety‐critical events (SCEs) related to driving profiles, vehicle states, and road conditions. This approach formulates a bi‐level risk indicator: one level measures the observable frequency of SCEs, while the other estimates their likelihood. The coarse level calculates risk scores by classifying driving profiles as normal or risky based on SCE frequency. The fine level refines these scores by comparing normal and risky profiles using key features from a feature learning model. This combined system accounts for recent driving behaviours and road/weather conditions within a vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) environment, addressing high data dimensionality and imbalance. A comprehensive case study using 1 year of data from pilot V2X infrastructure in Tampa, Florida, demonstrates the efficacy of this approach, showing practical applications of the SCE‐based risk indicator and combinatorial feature learning while also highlighting the real‐world utility of the assessment method in providing a detailed and actionable view of driving risk based on V2X information.
Threshold voltage instability of SiC MOSFETs under very‐high temperature and wide gate bias
Authors: Chen Cong , Cai Yumeng , Sun Peng , Zhao Zhibin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThreshold voltage (VTH) instability affects the reliability of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs. In this article, the influence of gate bias (VGS) and high temperature on VTH instability is investigated under wide VGS and very‐high temperature range (150°C to 275°C). The degradation mechanism of gate oxide under coupling of different electrical and thermal stress is revealed. When the device is subjected to +VGS, the relationship between VTH shift and temperature is not monotonic and there is a temperature turning point. This is mainly related to the capture/release and generation of electron traps. However, the VTH shift increases sharply and gate oxide breakdown for the device bias at +35 V, which is related to Fowler–Nordheim (F–N) tunnelling effect. For a large −VGS, the VTH shift is very small. Moreover, when the negative VGS decreases, the VTH shift is positively correlated with temperature, which may result from the activation and charge exchange of hole traps. However, the influence of moving ions changes the temperature dependence of VTH shift for the device bias at −30 V. Finally, the devices of different manufacturers are studied and similar change patterns are found. This finding provides guidance for the further application of SiC MOSFETs under high temperatures and different voltages.
Optimal planning of SOP in distribution network considering 5G BS collaboration
Authors: Hou Zihao , Long Chao , Qi Qi , Liu Xiangjun , Wang Kejia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe flexibility of soft open point (SOP) in spatial power regulation enhances the distribution network's (DN) integration of large‐scale renewable energy sources. However, the high cost of SOP and its limited capability for temporal power regulation impede its widespread adoption. Given the rapid expansion of 5G base stations (BSs), utilizing their energy storage to participate in DN planning and operation optimization provides a promising solution. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimal planning method of SOP in DN, considering collaborations with 5G BSs. The objective is to enhance DN’s power regulation in both temporal and spatial dimensions, while minimizing the investment cost of SOP and fully utilizing the unused capacity in base station energy storage (BSES). Firstly, the flexible regulation models of SOP and 5G BS are established, with the real‐time dispatchability of BSES formulated. Then, a bi‐level optimization model is proposed, where the planning layer aims to minimize the total cost, while the operational layer aims to decrease the average voltage deviation. Additionally, an improved Shapley value method based on interactive power is developed for benefit allocation, which enhances the engagement of 5G BSs to participate in DN regulation. The effectiveness of proposed method is validated by simulation results.
Modelling absorption and emission profiles from accretion disc winds with WINE
Authors: Luminari A. , Piconcelli E. , Tombesi F. , Nicastro F. , Fiore F. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Fast and massive winds are ubiquitously observed in the UV and X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and other accretion-powered sources. Several theoretical and observational pieces of evidence suggest they are launched at accretion disc scales, carrying significant mass and angular momentum. Thanks to such high-energy output, they may play an important role in transferring the energy released by accretion to the surrounding environment. In the case of AGNs, this process can help to set the so-called co-evolution between an AGN and its host galaxy, which mutually regulates their growth across cosmic time. To precisely assess the effective role of UV and X-ray winds at accretion disc scales, it is necessary to accurately measure their properties, including mass and energy rates. However, this is a challenging task, due to both the limited signal-to-noise ratio of available observations and the limitations of the models currently used in the spectral analysis.
Aims. We aim to maximise the scientific return of current and future observations by improving the theoretical modelling of these winds through our Winds in the Ionised Nuclear Environment (WINE) model. WINE is a spectroscopic model specifically designed for disc winds in AGNs and compact accreting sources, which couples photoionisation and radiative transfer with special relativistic effects and a three-dimensional model of the emission profiles.
Methods. We explore with WINE the main spectral features associated with the disc winds in AGNs, with a particular emphasis on the detectability of the wind emission in the total transmitted spectrum. We explore the impact of the wind ionisation, column density, velocity field, and geometry in shaping the emission profiles. We simulated observations with the X-ray microcalorimeter Resolve on board the recently launched XRISM satellite and the X-IFU on board the future Athena mission. This allows us to assess the capabilities of these telescopes in the study of disc winds in X-ray spectra of AGNs for the typical physical properties and exposure times of the sources included in the XRISM performance verification phase.
Results. The wind kinematic and geometry (together with the ionisation and column density) deeply affect both shape and strength of the wind spectral features. Thanks to this, both Resolve and, on a longer timescale, X-IFU will be able to accurately constrain the main properties of disc winds over a broad range of ionisation, column densities, and covering factors. We also investigate the impact of the spectral energy distribution (SED) on the resulting appearance of the wind. Our findings reveal a dramatic difference in the gas opacity when using a soft, Narrow Line Seyfert 1-like SED compared to a canonical powerlaw SED with a spectral index of Γ ≈ 2.
Multiwavelength identification of millisecond pulsar candidates in the Galactic bulge
Authors: Berteaud J. , Calore F. , Clavel M. , Marvil J. , Hyman S. , Schinzel F. K. , Kerr M. 
Published: October 2024

Context. The existence of a population of millisecond pulsars in the Galactic bulge is supported, along with other evidence, by the Fermi GeV excess, an anomalous γ-ray emission detected almost 15 years ago in the direction of the Galactic center. However, radio surveys searching for pulsations have not yet revealed bulge millisecond pulsars.
Aims. Identifying promising bulge millisecond pulsar candidates is key to motivating pointed radio pulsation searches. Candidates are often selected among steep-spectrum or polarized radio sources, but multiwavelength information can also be exploited: The aim of this work is to pinpoint strong candidates among the yet unidentified X-ray sources.
Methods. We investigated the multiwavelength counterparts of sources detected by the Chandra X-ray observatory that have spectral properties expected for millisecond pulsars in the Galactic bulge. We considered that ultraviolet, optical, and strong infrared counterparts indicate that an X-ray source is not a bulge pulsar, while a radio or a faint infrared counterpart makes it a promising candidate.
Results. We identify a large population of more than a thousand X-ray sources without optical, ultraviolet, or strong infrared counterparts. Among them, five are seen for the first time in unpublished radio imaging data from the Very Large Array. We provide the list of promising candidates, for most of which follow-up pulsation searches are ongoing.
[CII] line intensity mapping the epoch of reionization with the Prime-Cam on FYST
Authors: Karoumpis C. , Magnelli B. , Romano-Díaz E. , Garcia K. , Dev A. , Clarke J. , Wang T.-M. , Bădescu T. , Riechers D. , Bertoldi F. 
Published: October 2024

Context. The Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope (FYST) line intensity mapping (LIM) survey will measure the power spectrum (PS) of the singly ionized carbon 158 μm fine-structure line, [CII], to trace the appearance of the first galaxies that emerged during and right after the epoch of reionization (EoR, 6 <  z <  9).
Aims. We aim to quantify the contamination of the (post-)EoR [CII] LIM signal by foreground carbon monoxide (CO) line emission (3 <  Jup <  12) and assess the efficiency to retrieve this [CII] LIM signal by the targeted masking of bright CO emitters.
Methods. Using the IllustrisTNG300 simulation, we produced mock CO intensity tomographies based on empirical star formation rate-to-CO luminosity relations. Combining these predictions with the [CII] PS predictions of the first paper of this series, we evaluated a masking technique where the interlopers are identified and masked using an external catalog whose properties are equivalent to those of a deep Euclid survey.
Results. Prior to masking, our [CII] PS forecast is an order of magnitude lower than the predicted CO contamination in the 225 GHz ([CII] emitted at z = 6.8 − 8.3) band of the FYST LIM survey, at the same level in its 280 GHz ([CII] emitted at z = 5.3 − 6.3) and 350 GHz ([CII] emitted at z = 4.1 − 4.8) bands, and an order of magnitude higher in its 410 GHz ([CII] emitted at z = 3.4 − 3.9) band. For our fiducial model, the optimal masking depth is reached when less than 10% of the survey volume is masked at 350 and 410 GHz but around 40% at 280 GHz and 60% at 225 GHz. At these masking depths we anticipate a detection of the [CII] PS at 350 and 410 GHz, a tentative detection at 280 GHz, whereas at 225 GHz the CO signal still dominates our model. In the last case, alternative decontamination techniques will be needed.
Observation of suppression of heavy-ion fusion by slow quasifission
Authors: Bezzina L. T. , Simpson E. C. , Hinde D. J. , Dasgupta M. 
Published: October 2024

The formation of superheavy elements (SHEs) by nuclear fusion can be conceptually divided into two steps: capture, and compound nucleus formation. Once captured, the two nuclei may reseparate before fusing to form a compact compound nucleus. This outcome is called quasifission.
Fusion-fission, in many cases, leads to reactions outcomes inseparable from quasifission. Evaporation residue (ER) measurements are therefore the most reliable, direct experimental signature of fusion. ER cross section measurements forming the same compound nucleus, 220Th, using 16O, 40Ar, 48Ca, 82Se and 124Sn-induced reactions [1–4] revealed [1] that fusion was severely suppressed for the more symmetric reactions relative to the 16O-induced reaction.
Here two new reactions forming 220Th using 28Si, 34S projectiles provide conclusive evidence that the ER cross section is exponentially suppressed as a function of ZpZt. The fission characteristics show no mass-angle correlation, demonstrating that here ER cross sections are suppressed by slow quasifission.
More than ‘ignorant bushbaby bullshit’
Authors: Adam Naomi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
According to the social psychologists R. D. Laing, H. Phillipson and A. R. Lee, we human beings are constantly
speculating about the view that others have upon us, thereby forming a metaperspective (Laing
et al. 1966). Yet despite the fact that literature is grounded in some of the most fundamental and
general structures of human cognitive experience (Gavins and Steen 2003: 2), proving a
rich seam to mine for metaperspectives, the concept has not yet been explored in a literary context. Accordingly, this paper
adopts an interdisciplinary approach to investigate metaperspectives within fiction for the first time. Introduced is my coinage
of the racialised metaperspective, denoting a sub-type concerned with colour, culture, and/or ethnicity. Taking
as my literary case study Marlon James’ A Brief History of Seven Killings (2014), I demonstrate that the
racialised metaperspective both contributes to the depiction of a specific social milieu within a text, and serves a
characterising function.
Code-switching in South Asian English CMC
Authors: Shakir Muhammad , Deuber Dagmar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper analyses the use of indigenous language elements including code-switching in two contrasting genres,
i.e. group chats and Twitter memes along with tweets, in the English communication of South Asian (Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani,
and Sri Lankan) internet users. The results from group chats show that one of the most common lexical indigenous elements are
tags, for example, address forms like yaar, machan, and da which all can be translated to
English as ‘dude’ or ‘buddy’. The analysis of Twitter memes along with tweets shows that despite the tweet text being in English,
the South Asian users tend to employ memes with indigenous text more often as compared to English memes for political satire.
Overall, the study finds that code-switching and indigenous resources are used to create a sense of localness in English
communication, whether it is group chats or Twitter memes and tweets.
Crazy literature
Authors: Liu Shiyu , Chen Rong , Liu Fengguang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate crazy literature, a newly emerged genre on Chinese Internet in which posters portray
themselves as being mentally instable or, simply, insane. Based on data collected from the Internet and findings from a survey of
college students, we argue that the image created by crazy literature is best captured by the notion of mock self-impoliteness.
That is, although the image of insanity is damaging to the self-face of the poster, the impolite self-image is a persona, not the
real image, motivated by transactional effectiveness. In addition, crazy literature helps the blogger to appear humorous, to
express their helplessness in vulnerable situations, and to gain a sense of belonging. Our paper, therefore, contributes to the
pragmatics literature by drawing scholars’ attention to a (possibly) hitherto non-existent type of language use, offering an
analysis of the genre that is innovative, and demonstrating a need for investigating Internet pragmatics seriously.
Trade-offs in translation effects
Authors: Pym Anthony , Hu Ke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Trade-offs are solutions to translation problems where two or more apparently incompatible values are sought at
the same time. As such, they present an alternative to theories that see translation as operating between two polarities of the
one value. Analysis of three illustrative examples suggests that receivers can activate trade-offs that are quite different from
those envisaged by translators and that different readerships may seek different kinds of trade-offs. The resulting instability
gives rise to problems concerning research methodology. It is proposed that the study of trade-offs is suited to a mixed-methods
approach that starts from receiver-produced data, that allows for more than two values, and that recognizes that not all solutions
are trade-offs. This approach can also identify situations where one kind of trade-off leads to another, creating chains of value
transformation that are informed by translation history.
Optoelectronic, thermoelectric, and elastic properties of Cu6PSe5X (X = Br, I) argyrodites using density functional theory
Authors: Zaman Tahir , Ullah Mohib , Chaudhry Aijaz Rasool , Ibrar Muhammad , Jehangir Muhammad Awais , Saeed Muhammad , Haneef Muhammad , Murtaza G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cu6PSe5X (X = Br, I) argyrodites’ structural, optoelectronic, elastic, anisotropic, and thermal properties are examined using the method of ab initio through the density functional theory. There is a significant match found between the calculated ground state structural characteristics and the available data. Based on the Birch-Murnaghan fit curve for optimization, it is found that both compounds achieve ground state. The energy bandgap of Cu6PSe5Br is 0.606 eV (indirect), while Cu6PSe5I has a band gap of 0.697 eV (direct) according to the mBJ-functional. They appear to be promising prospects for high frequency applications since the UV area contains the most notable absorption peak. The BoltzTrap package, which is incorporated into WIEN2K, has been used to determine the thermoelectric properties. Cu6PSe5Br thermal conductivity reaches a maximum of 4.6 × 1014 (W/mKs) when the temperature rises to 1000 K, whereas Cu6PSe5I has a maximum value of 5.24 × 1014 (W/mKs). At room temperature, the ZT values for Cu6PSe5Br and Cu6PSe5I are 0.803 and 0.972, respectively. The elastic constants show that the materials are mechanically stable. The estimated Poisson ratio, which ranges from 0.264 for the Br-based to 0.252 for the I-based, indicates that bonding has a significant ionic character. Compared to Cu6PSe5I, Cu6PSe5Br has a greater melting temperature. Since these materials have appropriate energy bandgaps, they can be used in several optoelectronic devices.
Energy-efficient design and CNFET implementation of GDI-based ternary prefix adders
Authors: Shanmugam Kavitha , Chandrasekaran Kumar , Manoharan Premkumar , Ravichandran Sowmya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ternary adders have produced more benefits compared to binary adders i.e., the ternary adder occupies less amount of area as well as produces less interconnect complexity. However, the CMOS implementation of the ternary adders failed to perform the process when the channel length was taken as 32 nm. At 32 nm technology, the CMOS transistors exhibit undesired effects such as Short Channel Effects (SCEs), mobility degradation, high leakage current, etc. Multi-gate devices are preferred to overcome these issues. Carbon Nano-tube Field Effect Transistors (CNFETs) are one of the technologies to work efficiently when the channel length is 32 nm. In this paper, CNFET-based ternary prefix adders are designed. Power consumption is the most critical requirement for the VLSI system, as it enhances energy efficiency and reduces heat dissipation. One way to achieve this power reduction is by minimizing the number of transistors employed in the adder circuits. This study employed a reduction technique known as Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) logic included in the proposed prefix adder design. The overall experimental investigation is done with the help of the HSPICE supporting platform. The proposed adder improved by reducing the power by up to 83%, energy by up to 83%, current by up to 78%, and delay by up to 96%. Finally, the Power Delay product (PDP) was also reduced by 84% compared to existing ternary adders. The proposed design proves to be highly effective in implementing the neuron structure, with the corresponding parameters thoroughly analysed and well-documented in this study.
Modulation of shape memory properties of trans-polyisoprene by sulfur
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhao Wenli , Cao Zerong , Liang Yurong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, TPI/S composites were prepared by a simple physical melt blending method, and the composites were hot-pressed and molded using a vulcanization system. The effect of cross-linking on the vulcanization properties, mechanical properties, crystalline properties, and shape memory properties of trans-1-4 polyisoprene (TPI) was investigated by varying the amount of sulfur (S). It was shown that with the increase of sulfur dosage, both TPI scorch time and orthoclave time were shortened and the mechanical properties decreased; The melting peak area and melting temperature of the crystalline region of TPI decreased with the increase of sulfur content, and the cross-linking density increased while the crystallinity tended to decrease and the heat resistance deteriorated; In addition, with the increase of sulfur content, the shape return rate of TPI/S composites was increasing and the shape fixation rate was decreasing. When the TPI/S composites were used as shape memory materials, the sulfur dosage of 1 phr had the best shape memory performance, at which time the shape fixation rate of the composites reached 96.9% and the shape recovery rate reached 86.2%. When the sulfur content was elevated to 2 phr, the shape memory fixation rate was significantly decreased, indicating that the shape memory properties were severely compromised. This study reveals that the quantity of sulfur exerts a significant influence on the application of TPI/S composites. An appropriate amount of sulfur can facilitate the preparation of thermoplastic elastomers for utilization in shape memory materials. Nevertheless, an excessive amount of sulfur will substantially enhance the internal cross-linked structure of the composite and deteriorate the shape memory performance.