bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening and identification of α‐glucosidase inhibitors from Shenqi Jiangtang Granule by ultrafiltration liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhang Xiaojing , Jiang Huijie , Xu Cong , Tong Shengqiang , Yan Jizhong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractShenqi Jiangtang Granule, a well‐known traditional Chinese herbal preparation, has been widely used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. In this work, an ultrafiltration liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method was proposed for the rapid identification of bioactive ingredients from Shenqi Jiangtang Granule using α‐glucosidase as an example. First, the chemical profile of this preparation was clarified, including 37 saponins, 17 flavonoids, 37 lignans, and seven other compounds. After incubation with α‐glucosidase in vitro, the methanol extract with an IC50 value of 0.19 mg/mL exhibited significant inhibitory activity. Then, 18 specific binding peaks were screened, and 15 peaks were identified. Among these, ten compounds were reported to have potential α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity for the first time. Subsequently, the inhibitory activities of these active compounds were evaluated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry with p‐nitrophenyl α‐d‐glucopyranoside as a substrate. As a result, gomisin J and gomisin D exhibited stronger α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities than other active compounds with IC50 values of 77.69 and 133.85 μM, respectively. The results demonstrated that the integrated ultrafiltration liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry method was an effective and powerful tool for the discovery of active ingredients in Shenqi Jiangtang Granule.
Healthcare disparities in pediatric otolaryngology: A systematic review
Authors: Jabbour Jad , Robey Thomas , Cunningham Michael J. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesMultiple studies have reported healthcare disparities in particular settings and conditions within pediatric otolaryngology, but a systematic examination of the breadth of the problem within the field is lacking. This study's objectives are to synthesize the available evidence regarding healthcare disparities in pediatric otolaryngology, highlight recurrent themes with respect to etiologies and manifestations, and demonstrate potential impacts from patient and provider standpoints.MethodsA qualitative systematic review of the PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases for articles focusing on racial, ethnic, or socioeconomic disparities related to pediatric otolaryngology conditions or settings was conducted. United States‐based studies of any design or publication date with analysis of children 0 to 18 years old were included.ResultsOf 711 abstracts identified, 39 met inclusion criteria. Manual review of references from these articles yielded 22 additional studies, for a total of 61. Disparities were identified in nearly every subspecialty within pediatric otolaryngology, with otologic conditions the most frequently studied (33 of 61). The most commonly cited disparities involved low socioeconomic status (25 of 61), inadequate insurance (23 of 61), nonwhite race (21 of 61), and barriers to accessing care (21 of 61). Only six articles found no disparities regarding the condition examined in their study.ConclusionThrough a variety of study topics, designs, and settings, a growing body of literature documents disparities across the spectrum of pediatric otolaryngology care. The etiologies and manifestations of such disparities are myriad. This evidence suggests the need for interventions to address these disparities at various professional and institutional levels, ideally with methodological rigor to assess the effectiveness of such interventions. Laryngoscope, 128:1699–1713, 2018
Effect of topical nasal anesthetic on swallowing in healthy adults: A double‐blind, high‐resolution manometry study
Authors: Guiu Hernandez Esther , Gozdzikowska Kristin , Apperley Olivia , Huckabee Maggie‐Lee 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTopical nasal anesthetic (TNA) is used when evaluating pharyngeal swallowing with high‐resolution manometry (HRM). It is unclear if desensitizing the nasal mucosa improves procedure tolerability or affects pharyngeal pressure. This study evaluated the effects of TNA on comfort and pharyngeal pressure using HRM.MethodsA double‐blinded study was conducted with 20 healthy participants (
= 27 years). Participants performed five saliva and five 10‐mL swallows during two exams with ManoScan HRM ESO catheter (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) randomized under placebo (nonanesthetic lubricant) and anesthetized (0.4 mL of 2% viscous lidocaine hydrochloride) conditions. Comfort was rated using a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS). Pharyngeal HRM amplitude and timing were analyzed.ResultsVAS ratings were similar under placebo (mean = 38.4, standard deviation [SD] = 19.92) and TNA conditions (mean = 33.78, SD = 18.9), with no significant differences between placebo and anesthetized conditions (t[19] = 1.23, P = 0.23) or tolerability at first and second procedure (t[19] = 1.38, P = 0.18). Lower maximum and mean pharyngeal pressure were found for the TNA condition when compared to placebo (dry: maximum [−15.45 mmHg, standard error (SE) = 5.06 mmHg, P = 0.021]; mean [−5.22 mmHg, SE = 1.58 mmHg, P = 0.005]), and (liquid: maximum [−14.79 mmHg, SE = 5.01 mmHg, P = 0.010]; mean [−2.79 mmHg, SE = 1.99 mmHg, P = 0.008]).ConclusionThis double‐blind, randomized study is the first to investigate effects of TNA on tolerability and pharyngeal pressure using HRM. Results indicate TNA offered no significant difference in procedure comfort while affecting the magnitude of pharyngeal swallowing.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1335–1339, 2018
First bite syndrome following transcervical arterial ligation after transoral robotic surgery
Authors: Topf Michael C. , Moritz Ethan , Gleysteen John , Curry Joseph M. , Cognetti David M. , Luginbuhl Adam J. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the incidence of first bite syndrome (FBS) in transoral robotic surgical (TORS) patients undergoing transcervical arterial ligation.MethodsRetrospective case series of all patients diagnosed with FBS following prophylactic transcervical arterial ligation of branches of the external carotid system between March 2010 and December 2016 at a single academic center.ResultsSix patients with FBS after TORS with transcervical arterial ligation were evaluated, representing 7% of all patients who underwent neck dissection with concomitant transcervical arterial ligation (6 of 83). Median presentation of FBS was 63 days, with an average duration of 66 days. Treatment ranged from observation to botulinum toxin injection.ConclusionPatients who undergo transcervical arterial ligation to minimize bleeding complications following TORS are at risk of developing first bite syndrome.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1589–1593, 2018
Exclusive Synthesis of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) with an Ethynyl Group at Only One End for Effective Block Copolymerization
Authors: Zhang Geng , Ohta Yoshihiro , Yokozawa Tsutomu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWell‐controlled synthesis of ethynyl‐functionalized poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is crucial for preparation of block copolymers containing the P3HT segment by means of click coupling reaction. A well‐known chain end modification method, in which Kumada–Tamao catalyst‐transfer polymerization is quenched with ethynylmagnesium chloride, under various conditions is re‐examined, but in all cases not only P3HT with an ethynyl group at one end but also P3HT di‐ethynylated at both ends is obtained. Accordingly, Sonogashira coupling reaction of P3HT having H/Br ends with trimethylsilylacetylene is tried, followed by removal of the trimethylsilyl group, and it is found that this protocol affords exclusively P3HT with an ethynyl group at one end. This post end‐modification method is applied to the synthesis of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer of P3HT and poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOx) by means of click reaction between ethynylated P3HT and PEtOx with an azide group at one end, and the product is confirmed to be free from contamination with triblock copolymer. Micellization of this block copolymer is confirmed in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/water and THF/methanol mixtures.
3D dynamic response of a transversely isotropic multilayered medium subjected to a moving load
Authors: Ai Zhi Yong , Mu Jin Jing , Ren Guang Peng 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe dynamic problem of a transversely isotropic multilayered medium is reducible to quasi‐static problem by introducing a moving system that travels synchronously with the load. Based on the governing equations in the moving system, the ordinary differential equations in the Fourier transformed domain are deduced. An extended precise integration method is adopted to solve the ordinary differential equations, and the solution in the physical domain is recovered by the inverse Fourier transform. Numerical examples are performed to verify the accuracy of the presented method and to analyze the influence of material properties and the load characteristic.
Efficacy and safety of an oral device to reduce food intake and promote weight loss
Authors: Ryan D. H. , Parkin C. G. , Longley W. , Dixon J. , Apovian C. , Bode B. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjectiveMinimal risk weight loss tools are needed. This study's objective was to confirm Food and Drug Administration submissions of the SmartByte™ System's safety and efficacy.MethodsThis 16‐week, prospective, single‐arm, four‐centre, observational study assessed the oral device in combination with a video‐delivered lifestyle programme in adults aged 18–49 years with body mass index 27 to <35 kg m−2.ResultsSeventy‐six subjects received the device and video lifestyle instruction. The prespecified per protocol (PP) population (N = 40) required sensor‐verified use of the device ≥7 times per week for 14 of 16 weeks, overall device usage rate of ≥33% and study completion. At week 16, 12 (30%) achieved ≥5% weight loss, 16 (40%) achieved ≥4% and 21 (52.5%) achieved ≥3%. Week 16 mean loss for the PP population was 2.93%, and among 36 participants who did not meet PP criteria, it was 1.45%. Among 76 intent‐to‐treat subjects, two subjects reported three mild to moderate device‐related adverse events, resolving spontaneously (one hard palate abrasion and two tongue lacerations).ConclusionThe System, a minimal risk tool, can help individuals achieve meaningful weight loss, when used with a lifestyle video. More frequent device use was associated with more weight loss, on average, and greater chance of achieving ≥4% or ≥5% weight loss.
Observational safety study of specific outcomes after trivalent cell culture seasonal influenza vaccination (Optaflu®) among adults in THIN database of electronic UK primary healthcare records
Authors: Hall Gillian C. , Davies Paul T.G. , Karim M. Yousuf , Haag Mendel D.M. , O'Leary Caroline 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the safety of trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (TIVc) (Optaflu®), the first cell culture seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine available in Europe.MethodsCodes and unstructured text in adult electronic healthcare records (The Health Improvement Network) were searched for a TIVc brand name or batch number and possible outcomes within a 3 month pre‐ to 6 month post‐TIVc exposure study period (2012‐2015). The outcomes were severe allergic reactions, Bell's palsy, convulsions, demyelination, paresthesia, noninfectious encephalitis, neuritis (optic and brachial), vasculitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and thrombocytopenia. Risk periods were defined based on biologically plausible time frame postvaccination when an outcome caused by the vaccine might be expected to occur. Possible outcomes were adjudicated against outcome specific case definitions and a date of onset assigned by using electronic and other medical records. Observed (risk period) to expected (outside risk and preexposure periods) rate ratios, postexposure incidence, and plots of time from exposure to outcome were reported.ResultsSixteen of 1011 events from 4578 exposures fulfilled a primary case definition and had a date of onset during the study period. Three were in observed time. The observed‐to‐expected rate ratios were (3.3, 95% CI 0.3, 31.7) for convulsions and (1.5, 95% CI 0.2, 14.9) for thrombocytopenia with 1 outcome each in observed time. There was 1 incident inflammatory bowel disease in observed, but none in expected, time.ConclusionThe small sample size restricts interpretation; however, no hypothesis of an increased risk of a study outcome was generated. Adjudication of events against case definitions to reduce misclassification of onset and outcomes allowed use of precise risk periods.KEY POINTS

This observational study did not generate a hypothesis of an association between the first cell‐culture seasonal influenza vaccination available in the European Union and any of the study outcomes (severe allergic reactions, Bell's palsy, convulsions, demyelination, paresthesia, noninfectious encephalitis, neuritis [optic and brachial], vasculitis, inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], and thrombocytopenia). The small sample size limits interpretation of the results.
The review of each possible outcome identified from electronic healthcare records against case definitions was included to minimize misclassification of time and outcomes and allow the use of precise risk‐periods in an observed‐to‐expected within cohort analysis. Plots of time from exposure to outcome were included to assess the risk windows.
Simultaneous toughening and strengthening of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐a using epoxy‐ended hyperbranched polymers obtained from thiol‐ene click reaction
Authors: Zhang Junheng , Liu Chunhai , Cheng Juan , Miao Menghe , Zhang Daohong 
Published: November 2017

Epoxy‐ended hyperbranched polymers (EHBP) has become a class of additives for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA), but it is tedious processes retards wide application. Here, we prepared EHBP by a thiol‐ene click reaction between thiol‐terminated hyperbranched polyesters and allyl glycidyl ether and modified DGEBA. The incorporation of EHBP significantly enhanced the toughness and strength of DGEBA. The mechanical properties of EHBP/DGEBA composite increased remarkably with the increasing EHBP molecular weight initially, and then decreased with further increase of EHBP molecular weight. The maximum increase of mechanical properties was observed in EHBP‐12/DGEBA composites. With increasing EHBPE‐12 content, the mechanical performance of the EHBP‐12/DGEBA composites increased firstly and plateaued at 9 wt% EHBP‐2. At 9 wt% EHBP‐12 content, the tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength increased to 74.46 MPa, 143.58 MPa, and 39.09 kJ m−2, respectively. When loading was increased from 12 to 15 wt%, the mechanical performance started to decrease. The use of EHBP slightly decreased the thermal stability and the glass transition temperature. Protonema observed in the fracture surface can be used to explain the significant improvement in mechanical properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1703–1709, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
The Philosophy of Practice for Comprehensive Medication Management: Evaluating Its Meaning and Application by Practitioners
Authors: Pestka Deborah L. , Sorge Lindsay A. , McClurg Mary Roth , Sorensen Todd D. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivePhilosophy of practice is the foundation of any patient care practice because it provides a set of professional values and beliefs that guide actions and decisions in practice. Study objectives were to understand how pharmacists providing comprehensive medication management (CMM) describe their philosophy of practice and compare how participants’ philosophies align with predefined tenets of a CMM philosophy of practice.MethodsAn instrument with closed and open‐ended items was developed and administered online to the lead pharmacist at 36 clinics participating in a large CMM study. Participants were asked to describe their philosophy of practice, rate how well their current practice activities align with five predefined CMM philosophy of practice tenets, and provide examples of how they carry out each tenet and how they could improve. Responses were coded, and descriptive analysis was used to calculate participants’ practice alignment with the five philosophy of practice tenets.ResultsThirty pharmacists completed the instrument. Twelve codes emerged that participants used to describe their philosophy of practice. These codes were mapped to five predefined tenets of a philosophy of practice. Only 3 (10%) participants included all five tenets in their philosophy of practice, 8 (26.7%) included four, 8 (26.7%) included three, 6 (20%) included two, and 5 (16.7%) included one tenet. Overall, participants rated their alignment with the five tenets highly. “Embracing a patient‐centered approach” received the highest mean score of 9.17/10; “Meeting a societal need” had the lowest mean score of 8.37/10.ConclusionParticipants described their philosophy of practice with significant variability. CMM requires a single and consistently applied philosophy of practice to guide practice and the role of the practitioner. We propose five core tenets that resulted from this assessment to be embraced by pharmacists providing CMM and included in their philosophy of practice.
Impact of heat‐light soaking on potassium fluoride treated CIGS solar cells with CdS buffer layer
Authors: Khatri Ishwor , Shudo Kosuke , Matsuura Junpei , Sugiyama Mutsumi , Nakada Tokio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, the effects of light‐soaking (LS), heat‐soaking (HS), and combined LS and HS, that is, heat‐light soaking (HLS) on potassium fluoride (KF)‐treated and KF‐free copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells with CBD‐CdS buffer layer were investigated. LS and HS did not change the basic solar cell parameters of CIGS solar cells when they were performed separately. In contrast, HLS improved cell efficiency with increased open‐circuit‐voltage for KF‐treated CIGS solar cells, whereas it reduced cell performance for KF‐free CIGS cells. Capacitance‐voltage measurements confirmed a significantly increased carrier concentration in KF‐treated CIGS solar cells, as compared to KF‐free cells by HLS. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement revealed that the HLS did not change the atomic concentration of Cd, S, and O in CBD‐CdS buffer layer. However, the concentration of Na atoms slightly increased at the CIGS surface region, as confirmed from SIMS measurement. It implies a possible reason for increased carrier concentration in KF‐treated CIGS solar cells after HLS. Temperature‐dependent current‐voltage measurements suggests that HLS modify a K‐containing new layer and affects cell performance.
Accessing quality apps to promote basic relational concepts acquisition among young children with autism
Authors: Mykyta Anne D. , Zhou Zheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMobile applications (apps) are increasingly being used with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to supplement their intervention packages; however, the Apps’ educational utility is not yet understood. The lack of such knowledge results in young children's inequity of accessing quality intervention. The present qualitative study addressed this gap by analyzing the content of popular apps being used with young children (ages 3–7) with ASD for the presence of basic relational concepts. After first identifying 15 target apps via surveys, the researchers analyzed the apps for the presence of the 50 basic relational concepts, according to the Boehm Test of Basic Relational Concepts—Third Edition). Results indicated that the prevalence of basic relational concepts in the analyzed apps ranged from 0 to 39 concepts. Apps that relied on community‐generated material tended to incorporate more basic relational concepts, but use methods that could be confusing or invalid. Commercially developed apps incorporated fewer basic relational concepts, but employed teaching and testing methods that have better educational utility. These findings have implications to help closing the gaps in informing parents, professionals, and app developers on the use of apps with children with ASD.
Refining Transcriptome Gene Catalogs by MS‐Validation of Expressed Proteins
Authors: Tse Sirius P.K. , Beauchemin Mathieu , Morse David , Lo Samuel C.L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractProtein sequence identification by tandem mass spectroscopy (LC‐MS/MS) identifies thousands of protein sequences even in complex mixtures, and provides valuable insight into the biological functions of different cells. For non‐model organisms, transcriptomes are generally used to allow peptide identification, an important addition to their use as a gene catalog allowing the potential metabolic activities of cells to be determined. We used LC‐MS/MS data to identify which of the six possible reading frames in the transcriptome was actually used by the cell to make protein, and asked whether this would have an impact on downstream analyses using the dataset. We combined results from several LC‐MS/MS experiments designed to identify peptide sequences in extracts from the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra using a 74 655‐sequence transcriptome. We compiled a list of 6628 translated nucleic acid sequences that contained the ensemble of peptide matches (termed MS‐validated sequences) and assessed the similarity in downstream analyses between this data set and the 6628 nucleic acid sequences from which they were derived. When compared with BLASTx analyses of the DNA sequences, the MS‐validated protein‐sequences‐analyzed using BLASTp showed differences in gene ontology, had more identified BLAST hits, and contained more KEGG pathway enzymes. The MS‐validated protein sequences also differ from datasets containing longest open reading frame (ORF) protein sequences. We also note a poor correlation between the levels of protein and mRNA abundance, a comparison not previously performed for dinoflagellates. The differences observed between analyses of MS‐validated protein sequence and nucleic acid sequence datasets suggest use of the former may provide a more accurate representation of cellular capacity than the latter. Developing MS‐validated protein sequence datasets may also speed interpretation of MS‐MS spectra in bottom up proteomics experiments.
Survey of financial burden of families in the U.S. with children using home mechanical ventilation
Authors: Edwards Jeffrey D. , Panitch Howard B. , Constantinescu Andrei , Miller Rachel L. , Stone Patricia W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimTo describe and quantify the out‐of‐pocket expenses, employment loss, and other financial impact related to caring for a child using home mechanical ventilation (HMV).MethodWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of U.S. families with children who used HMV. Eligible participants were invited to complete a questionnaire addressing household and child characteristics, out‐of‐pocket expenses, employment loss/reduction, and financial stress. Participants were recruited with the help of three national patient registries.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐six participants from 32 states (152 with children who used invasive ventilation and 74 with children who used noninvasive ventilation) completed the questionnaire. Participants’ median reported yearly household income was $90 000 (IQR 70 000‐150 000). The median amount paid in out‐of‐pocket expenses in the previous 3 months to care for their child using HMV totaled $3899 (IQR $2900‐4550). Reported levels of financial stress decreased as income increased; 37‐60% of participants, depending on income quintile, reported moderate financial stress with “some” of that stress due to their out‐of‐pocket expenses. A substantial majority reported one or more household members stopped or reduced work and took unpaid weeks off of work to care for their child.ConclusionThe financial impact of caring for a child using HMV is considerable for some families. Providers need to understand these financial burdens and should inform families of them to help families anticipate and plan for them.