bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work, employment and engagement conditions in a female‐dominated public service occupation after restructuring/outsourcing
Authors: Kirton Gill , Guillaume Cécile 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMost research on the phenomenon of public service restructuring/outsourcing focuses on lower skilled work in peripheral activities and typically provides an overview of effects on work, employment and employment relations. Through an in‐depth case study of probation, the intention of this article is to explore professional worker experiences of the restructuring/outsourcing of a core public service activity where the workforce is female dominated. The article highlights three dimensions of job quality that all suffered deterioration—work, employment and engagement. The case of probation adds to evidence demonstrating that employees experience adverse effects even though transfer regulations and union agreements supposedly protect workers. Probation also stands as an exemplar of impoverishment processes in a female‐dominated occupation which reinforces the view that public services can no longer be relied upon to provide high‐quality jobs for highly qualified women.
The ‘Singapore scenario’: the uncertain prospects for labour standards in post‐Brexit Britain
Authors: Woolfson Charles 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Conservative government of Theresa May asserted that labour standards would be preserved post‐Brexit. The Labour Party also privileged labour standards in its anti‐austerity programme. The threat remains however that Brexit will provide an incentive to erode labour standards in a global ‘race to the bottom’ in a ‘Singapore scenario’.
Mobile health technology adoption across generations: Narrowing the digital divide
Authors: Fox Grace , Connolly Regina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMobile health (m‐health) technologies offer many benefits to individuals, organizations, and health professionals alike. Indeed, the utilization of m‐health by older adults can foster the development of proactive patients, while also reducing financial burden and resource pressures on health systems. However, the potentially transformative influence of m‐health is limited, as many older adults resist adoption leading to the emergence of an age‐based digital divide. This study leverages protection motivation theory and social cognitive theory to explore the factors driving resistance among older adults. This mixed methods study integrates survey findings with insights from qualitative interviews to highlight that the m‐health digital divide is deepening due to older adults' perceived inability to adopt and their unwillingness to adopt stemming from mistrust, high risk perceptions, and strong desire for privacy. The paper contributes to the privacy and social inclusion literature by demonstrating that while many older adults have access to m‐health, they are currently excluded and require careful consideration by technology organizations and researchers. The study provides recommendations for narrowing the m‐health digital divide through inclusive design and educational efforts to improve self‐efficacy, develop privacy literacy, and build trust, thereby ensuring that older citizens are both capable and willing to adopt.
Knowledge boundaries in enterprise software platform development: Antecedents and consequences for platform governance
Authors: Foerderer Jens , Kude Thomas , Schuetz Sebastian Walter , Heinzl Armin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe widespread uptake of platform strategies turns many vendors of enterprise software into curators of an ecosystem of firms that collaboratively develop and commercialize a shared technology. As a platform owner's effectiveness in integrating knowledge across ecosystem participants will distinguish it from its competitors, we investigate the management of development‐related knowledge across firm boundaries. Our exploratory, multiple‐case study of 4 platforms illustrates how “knowledge boundaries” emerge between platform owners and complementors. We observe that knowledge boundaries are influenced by a platform's functional extent, interface design, and evolutionary dynamics, which create differences, dependencies, and novelty of development knowledge, resulting in qualitatively distinct types of knowledge boundaries. To overcome knowledge boundaries, platform owners provide various resources at the boundary, including information portals, documentation, helpdesks, and alignment workshops. We observe that in shaping these resources, platform owners face a trade‐off between providing knowledge at the right scope, while allowing for the scalability of knowledge resources for the entire ecosystem. Depending on their scope and scale, we classify knowledge boundary resources as broadcasting, brokering, and bridging, each representing qualitatively distinct patterns in managing knowledge in platform ecosystems. We conclude with implications for researchers and managers.
Defect engineering on phase structure and temperature stability of KNN‐based ceramics sintered in different atmospheres
Authors: Cen Zhenyong , Wang Xiaohui , Huan Yu , Zhen Yichao , Feng Wei , Li Longtu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLead‐free MnO‐doped 0.955K0.5Na0.5NbO3‐0.045Bi0.5Na0.5ZrO3 (Abbreviated as KNN‐0.045BNZ) ceramics have been prepared by the conventional solid‐state sintering method in reducing atmosphere ( = 1 × 10−10 atm) and air. For ceramics sintered in reducing atmosphere, only Mn2+ ions exist in ceramics who preferentially occupy the cation vacancies in A‐site at x = 0.2‐0.4, whereas Mn2+ ions substitute for Zr4+ ions in B‐site to form defects () at x > 0.4. For ceramics sintered in air, mixed Mn2+, Mn3+, and Mn4+ ions coexist here. The Mn2+ ions preferentially occupy the cation vacancies in A‐site at x = 0.2‐0.4 and then Mn2+ ions substitute for Zr4+ ions in B‐site at x > 0.4. Meanwhile, the Mn3+ ions and Mn4+ ions substitute for Nb5+ ions in B‐site to form defects () at x = 0.2‐0.8. The (, , and ) dipolar defects show a positive dipolar defect contribution (DDC) to the , whereas the dipolar defects () show a negative DDC to the . The dipolar defects ( ‐ and ) can help improve the temperature stability of . The 0.4% MnO‐doped KNN‐0.045BNZ ceramics sintered in reducing atmosphere show excellent piezoelectric constant d33 = 300 pC/N and 0.2% MnO‐doped KNN‐0.045BNZ ceramics sintered in air possess optimal piezoelectric constant d33 = 290 pC/N.
Process modeling of the low‐temperature evolution and yield of polycarbosilanes for ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Key Thomas S. , Wilks Garth B. , Parthasarathy Triplicane A. , King Derek S. , Apostolov Zlatomir D. , Cinibulk Michael K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe volatilization of polycarbosilanes is important to the processing and performance of polymer infiltration and pyrolysis‐based ceramic matrix composites. Low molecular weight (MW) polycarbosilane is often present in preceramic polymers and enhances viscosity for the purpose of composite infiltration. Due to the volatility of low MW chains, a model was developed to semi‐empirically determine the MW distribution and then predict the mass yield and evolution of the MW distribution as a function of temperature and time for StarPCS™ SMP‐10. The enthalpy of vaporization, the temperature dependence of the enthalpy of vaporization, the temperature dependence of the normal boiling point and a representation of the molecular weight distribution were fit using a series of thermogravimetric measurements, involving isothermal holds on a particular batch of SMP‐10. Once calibrated for SMP‐10 in this fashion, the molecular weight distribution of different batches of SMP‐10 could be fit using a thermogravimetric measurement involving a reduced temperature‐time series. The model was then predictive of mass loss over time for temperatures below the onset of curing (>90°C). Understanding this volatilization enables improved SiC yield, reduced processing time and minimizing void/bubble formation.
Comprehension and navigation of networked hypertexts
Authors: Blom Helen , Segers Eliane , Knoors Harry , Hermans Daan , Verhoeven Ludo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study aims to investigate secondary school students' reading comprehension and navigation of networked hypertexts with and without a graphic overview compared to linear digital texts. Additionally, it was studied whether prior knowledge, vocabulary, verbal, and visual working memory moderated the relation between text design and comprehension. Therefore, 80 first‐year secondary school students read both a linear text and a networked hypertext with and without a graphical overview. Logfiles registered their navigation. After reading the text, students answered textbased multiple choice questions and drew mindmaps to assess their structural knowledge of each text content. It was found that both textbased and structural knowledge were lower after reading a networked hypertext than a linear text, especially in students with lower levels of vocabulary. Students took generally more time to read the hypertext than the linear text. We concluded that networked hypertexts are more challenging to read than linear texts and that students may benefit from explicit training on how to read hypertexts.
Platelet‐predominate gene expression and reticulated platelets in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Effect of pulmonary veins isolation
Authors: Wysokinski Waldemar E. , Tafur Alfonso , Wu Yanhong , Ammash Naser , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Gosk‐Bierska Izabela , Grill Diane E. , Slusser Joshua P. , Mruk Jozef , McBane Robert D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionReticulated platelet (RP) content is increased in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The purpose of this study was to determine if platelet content, morphology, and RP proportion are modulated by platelet genes.Methods and resultsExpression of six platelet‐predominate genes impacting platelet formation and release, platelet count, and RP content was assessed in NVAF patients before and 3–4 months after pulmonary veins isolation (PVI) and compared to normal sinus rhythm (NSR) controls. RNA from isolated platelets was reverse‐transcribed assayed against selected genes utilizing real‐time qPCR, and expressed as mean cycle threshold (ΔCt) using beta‐2‐microglobulin as endogenous control. RP content was assessed by flow cytometry. A fourfold lower expression of CFL1 gene coding for nonmuscle cofilin (7.8 ± 0.9 vs. 5.7 ± 1.6, P < 0.001) and twofold lower expression of four other genes were associated with similar platelet counts but fourfold higher (28.7+7.0 vs. 6.7+5.4, P < 0.001) RP content (%) in 97 NVAF cases compared to 51 NSR controls. Three to 4 months after PVI, RP decreased by 28%, while CFL1 gene expression increased over twofold but TUBA4A gene expression decreased almost twofold; NFE2 and MYL6 gene expression remained unchanged.ConclusionsNVAF is associated with notable downregulation of genes directing platelet production and size but increased RP content. PVI impacts the expression of many of these genes, implying a direct relationship between atrial fibrillation and platelet biogenesis.
Incidence of intracardiac thrombus formation prior to electrical cardioversion in respect to the mode of oral anticoagulation
Authors: Schaeffer Benjamin , Rüden Lea , Salzbrunn Tim , Pinnschmidt Hans O. , Akbulak Ruken Özge , Moser Julia Magdalena , Jularic Mario , Meyer Christian , Eickholt Christian , Sultan Arian , Lüker Jakob , Steven Daniel , Willems Stephan , Hoffmann Boris Alexander 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the incidence of newly diagnosed intracardiac thrombi (ICT) in respect to the mode of OAC in patients undergoing cardioversion (CV).Methods and resultsWe prospectively assessed transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and OAC therapy prior to CV in AF patients with ≥48‐hour duration scheduled for CV. A total of 60 first‐time ICT (4.7%) were diagnosed in 1,286 TEE, with highest rate in patients without OAC (9.6% vs. OAC 4.1%, P = 0.009) and an apparently lower rate in nonvitamin K antagonist anticoagulants (NOAC) therapy compared to vitamin K antagonist (VKA) (2.5% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.02). VKA therapy control 4 weeks prior to CV was overall average (time in therapeutic range 60%) and patients showed more frequently clinical characteristics and TEE parameters associated with risk for ICT. Even among patients with effective OAC therapy (uninterrupted NOAC and VKA therapy with international normalized ratio (INR) ≥2.0 for 3 weeks), ICT occurred in 2.7%, but with no difference between both groups (P = 0.22). There was no difference between different types of NOAC. Independent predictors for ICT were history of embolism, hypertension, BMI, absence of OAC, renal function, reduced atrial appendage flow, and presence of spontaneous echo contrast.ConclusionNOAC therapy seems favorable in the overall prevention of ICT, although this is likely to be caused by suboptimal VKA therapy control and differences in the overall health status between VKA and NOAC patients. ICT occurred even with effective OAC therapy suggesting individual TEE‐guided cardioversion in patients at risk.
Atopic dermatitis and alcohol use – a meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Halling‐Overgaard A.‐S. , Hamann C.R. , Holm R.P. , Linneberg A. , Silverberg J.I. , Egeberg A. , Thyssen J.P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhile several maternal exposures have been associated with an increased risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in offspring, the effect of alcohol use during pregnancy on the risk of AD in offspring is unclear. Furthermore, it is unclear whether adults with AD have an increased alcohol use, although other poor health behaviours have been associated with AD including smoking and physical inactivity as well as psychiatric disease. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, the association between alcohol use and AD was investigated in two ways: 1) whether alcohol use (drinkers versus abstainers) during pregnancy is associated with AD in offspring and 2) whether AD is associated with increased alcohol use. The medical databases PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched, and data extraction was carried out by two independent reviewers. Eighteen studies were included in the qualitative analysis (comparing alcohol drinkers to abstainers), and 12 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. There was a positive association between alcohol use during pregnancy and development of AD in offspring (pooled odds ratio [OR] 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.24). However, there was no consistent association between AD in adults and adolescents and alcohol use (pooled OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.92–1.23). There is a need for future well‐designed prospective studies to firmly establish the association between alcohol use and AD.
A fifth subtype of Kaposi's sarcoma, classic Kaposi's sarcoma in men who have sex with men: a cohort study in Paris
Authors: Denis D. , Seta V. , Regnier‐Rosencher E. , Kramkimel N. , Chanal J. , Avril M.‐F. , Dupin N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundClassic Kaposi's sarcoma (CKS) occurs predominantly among elderly men and is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV). In low‐endemic countries, KSHV infects predominantly men having sex with men (MSM).ObjectivesTo describe a cohort of classic Kaposi sarcoma in a low‐endemic area for KSHV, to highlight the features of CKS in MSM and identify prognostic factors.MethodsRetrospective single‐centre study of CKS cases. We compared MSM to heterosexual patients. Then, we divided the patients into two subgroups, those requiring a systemic treatment and the others, and we performed univariate and multivariate analyses to determine aggressiveness of CKS.ResultsBetween 2006 and 2015, seventy‐four patients were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 68.9 years; sex ratio (M/F) was 6.4, and 28% were MSM; MSM patients were younger (P = 0.02), less often originated from endemic areas (P < 0.0001). KS was less severe (P = 0.04), required more often a local treatment than a systemic one (P = 0.03). On multivariate analysis, CD4 T‐cell count > 500/mm3 at baseline was associated with a reduced risk of severe evolution.ConclusionFirst CKS cohort in low‐endemic zone. We describe a fifth subtype of KS: KS in MSM. The CD4 T‐cell count was found to correlate with prognosis.
Management of achalasia cardia: Expert consensus statements
Authors: Ramchandani Mohan , Nageshwar Reddy D , Nabi Zaheer , Chavan Radhika , Bapaye Amol , Bhatia Shobna , Mehta Nilay , Dhawan Pankaj , Chaudhary Adarsh , Ghoshal Uday C , Philip Mathew , Neuhaus Horst , Deviere Jacques , Inoue Haruhiro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAchalasia cardia (AC) is a frequently encountered motility disorder of the esophagus resulting from an irreversible degeneration of neurons. Treatment modalities are palliative in nature, and there is no curative treatment available for AC as of now. Significant advancements have been made in the management of AC over last decade. The introduction of high resolution manometry and per‐oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has strengthened the diagnostic and therapeutic armamentarium of AC. High resolution manometry allows for the characterization of the type of achalasia, which in turn has important therapeutic implications. The endoscopic management of AC has been reinforced with the introduction of POEM that has been found to be highly effective and safe in palliating the symptoms in short‐term to mid‐term follow‐up studies. POEM is less invasive than Heller's myotomy and provides the endoscopist with the opportunity of adjusting the length and orientation of esophageal myotomy according to the type of AC. The management of achalasia needs to be tailored for each patient, and the role of pneumatic balloon dilatation, POEM, or Heller's myotomy needs to be revisited. In this review, we discuss the important aspects of diagnosis as well as management of AC. The statements presented in the manuscript reflect the cumulative efforts of an expert consensus group.
Clinical and endoscopic evaluations of sessile serrated adenoma/polyps with cytological dysplasia
Authors: Sano Wataru , Fujimori Takahiro , Ichikawa Kazuhito , Sunakawa Hironori , Utsumi Takahiro , Iwatate Mineo , Hasuike Noriaki , Hattori Santa , Kosaka Hidekazu , Sano Yasushi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/Ps) are considered to be premalignant lesions and rapidly progress to carcinomas after they develop cytological dysplasia (CD), a treatment strategy for SSA/Ps in Asian countries is still being debated and has not yet been established. The present study aimed to propose a treatment strategy for SSA/Ps.MethodsHistopathological data of patients, who underwent colonoscopy at our center between January 2011 and December 2016, were reviewed. Data of patients with ≥ 1 SSA/P were retrieved, and clinicopathological characteristics were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 281 patients with 326 SSA/Ps, including 258 patients who had 300 SSA/Ps without CD (SSA/Ps‐CD[−]) and 23 patients who had 26 SSA/Ps with CD (SSA/Ps‐CD[+]), were evaluated in this study. Although SSA/Ps‐CD(+) were often found in older female patients and in the proximal colon, there were no significant differences between SSA/Ps‐CD(−) and SSA/Ps‐CD(+). Endoscopic morphological findings, such as large or small nodules on the surface and partial protrusion of the lesions, were significantly more common in SSA/Ps‐CD(+) than in SSA/Ps‐CD(−). Although the diagnostic ability of nodule/protrusion in lesions to predict CD within SSA/Ps was very high with an accuracy of 93.9% and a negative predictive value of 95.4%, sensitivity was low at 46.2%. SSA/Ps‐CD(+) were significantly larger than SSA/Ps‐CD(−), and the rate of CD within SSA/Ps significantly increased with lesion size (≤ 5 mm, 0%; 6–9 mm, 6.0%; ≥ 10 mm, 13.6%).ConclusionThe study proposes removing all SSA/Ps ≥ 6 mm in order to remove high‐risk SSA/Ps‐CD(+), with high sensitivity.
Restorative Treatment in Patients with Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Review
Authors: Strauch Susanne , Hahnel Sebastian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeTo summarize the contemporary scientific evidence available regarding restorative dental treatment in patients with Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI).MethodsAn electronic literature search was conducted using the search term “Amelogenesis imperfecta” and the PubMed/MEDLINE database as well as Google Scholar. Prospective and retrospective clinical studies that investigated the outcome of direct and/or indirect dental restorative treatment in patients with AI, were published in English, and had an observation time of at least 1 year were included in this review. The articles identified were screened and analyzed by two reviewers according to inclusion and exclusion criteria in three review rounds.ResultsSix prospective or retrospective clinical studies analyzing longevity and complications associated with dental restorative treatment in patients with AI met the inclusion criteria. Extracted data suggest that in patients with AI, indirect restorations feature superior predictability and longevity than direct restorations.ConclusionsAs endodontic complications were infrequently observed and periodontal parameters regularly improve with the insertion of indirect restorations, dental treatment in patients with AI should focus on indirect restorations as soon as possible. While adhesive bonding techniques to enamel surfaces in patients with AI feature merely limited predictability and longevity and as the available data is scarce, further laboratory and clinical studies should be performed to investigate the performance of minimally invasive indirect restorations bonded to enamel in patients with AI. Recommendation: Scientific evidence indicates that indirect restorations should be preferred over direct restorations in patients with AI.
Comparison of Flexural Strength of Different CAD/CAM PMMA‐Based Polymers
Authors: Alp Gülce , Murat Sema , Yilmaz Burak 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeTo compare the flexural strength of different computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) poly(methyl methacrylate)‐based (PMMA) polymers and conventional interim resin materials after thermocycling.Materials and MethodsRectangular‐shaped specimens (n = 15, for each material) (25 × 2 × 2 mm3) were fabricated from 3 CAD/CAM PMMA‐based polymers (Telio CAD [T]; M‐PM‐Disc [M]; Polident–PMMA [P]), 1 bis‐acrylate composite resin (Protemp 4 [PT]), and 1 conventional PMMA (ArtConcept Artegral Dentine [C]) according to ISO 10477:2004 Standards (Dentistry‐Polymer‐Based Crown and Bridge Materials). The specimens were subjected to 10,000 thermocycles (5 to 55°C). Three‐point flexural strength of the specimens was tested in a universal testing machine at a 1.0 mm/min crosshead speed, and the flexural strength data (σ) were calculated (MPa). The flexural strength values were statistically analyzed using 1‐way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD post‐hoc test for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05).ResultsFlexural strength values ranged between 66.1 ± 13.1 and 131.9 ± 19.8 MPa. There were significant differences among the flexural strengths of tested materials, except for between T and P CAD/CAM PMMA‐based polymers (p > 0.05). CAD/CAM PMMA‐based polymer M had the highest flexural strength and conventional PMMA had the lowest (p < 0.05). CAD/CAM PMMA‐based T and P polymers had significantly higher flexural strength than the bis‐acrylate composite resin (p < 0.05), and conventional PMMA (p < 0.0001), and significantly lower flexural strength compared to CAD/CAM PMMA‐based M (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe flexural strength of CAD/CAM PMMA‐based polymers was greater than the flexural strength of bis‐acrylate composite resin, which had a greater flexural strength compared to conventional PMMA resin.