bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutralizing antibody titers against dengue virus correlate with protection from symptomatic infection in a longitudinal cohort
Authors: Katzelnick Leah C. , Montoya Magelda , Gresh Lionel , Balmaseda Angel , Harris Eva 
Published: January 2016

Significance
The four dengue virus serotypes (DENV1–4) are the most prevalent arboviruses worldwide and cause outcomes ranging from inapparent infection to severe disease. Neutralizing antibodies are believed to be critical for protection and therefore for dengue vaccines, but the titers required to prevent symptomatic DENV infection have not been well established. Here, we show that higher preinfection neutralizing antibody titers correlate with lower probability of symptomatic infection in children in a longitudinal cohort study in Nicaragua. Further, we find evidence that levels of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies are maintained over time, possibly due to reexposure. These findings provide insight into the determinants of DENV infection outcome and long-term immunity in an endemic setting and are relevant for dengue vaccine development.
On the dynamical nature of the active center in a single-site photocatalyst visualized by 4D ultrafast electron microscopy
Authors: Yoo Byung-Kuk , Su Zixue , Thomas John Meurig , Zewail Ahmed H. 
Published: January 2016

Significance
The nature of the active site in (photo) catalysis is fundamental to our understanding of the processes involved, and to their control. Four-dimensional ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM) provides a dynamic probe for catalytic active site in photocatalytic materials thanks to its unprecedented resolution both in time (femtosecond) and space (angstrom). In this contribution, we visualize the femtosecond atomic movement at the titanium active center in a single-site photocatalyst. UEM allows us to investigate the structural dynamics of the radiation sensitive specimen by measuring time-resolved diffraction intensities from different lattice planes. These findings contribute fundamental insights for developing advanced photocatalysts and suggest broad ranges of applications.
Effects of Omeprazole and Aluminum Hydroxide/Magnesium Hydroxide on Riociguat Absorption
Authors: Becker Corina , Frey Reiner , Unger Sigrun , Artmeier‐Brandt Ulrike , Weimann Gerrit , Mück Wolfgang 
Published: January 2016

Riociguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, is a novel therapy for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Riociguat bioavailability is reduced in neutral versus acidic conditions and therefore may be affected by concomitant use of medications that increase gastric pH. The effect of coadministration of the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole or the antacid AlOH/MgOH on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of riociguat 2.5 mg was characterized in two open‐label, randomized, crossover studies in healthy males. In study 1, subjects pretreated for 4 days with omeprazole 40 mg received cotreatment with omeprazole plus riociguat or riociguat alone (no pretreatment) on day 5 (n = 12). In study 2, subjects received cotreatment with 10 mL AlOH/MgOH plus riociguat or riociguat alone (n = 12). Pre‐ and cotreatment with omeprazole decreased riociguat bioavailability (mean decreases in area under the plasma concentration‐time curve [AUC] and maximum concentration in plasma [Cmax] were 26% and 35%, respectively). Cotreatment with AlOH/MgOH resulted in greater decreases in riociguat bioavailability (mean decreases in AUC and Cmax were 34% and 56%, respectively). In both studies, most adverse events (AEs) were of mild intensity, and no serious AEs were reported. No additional safety signals were identified. Treatment with riociguat, with or without omeprazole or AlOH/MgOH, was well tolerated, with a good safety profile. Owing to the resulting increase of gastric pH, riociguat bioavailability is reduced by coadministration with AlOH/MgOH and, to a lesser extent, by coadministration with omeprazole. Thus, antacids should not be administered within an hour of receiving riociguat, but no dose adjustment is required for coadministration of proton pump inhibitors.
Acute Kidney Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Tujjar Omar , Belloni Ilaria , Hougardy Jean-Michel , Scolletta Sabino , Vincent Jean-Louis , Creteur Jacques , Taccone Fabio S. 
Published: January 2016

Background:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients and may contribute to poor outcome. Few data are available on the incidence and impact of AKI in patients suffering from nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods:
We reviewed all patients admitted to our Department of Intensive Care with SAH over a 3-year period. Exclusion criteria were time from SAH symptoms to intensive care unit (ICU) admission >96 hours and ICU stay <48 hours. AKI was defined as sustained oligoanuria (urine output <0.5 mL/kg/h for 24 h) or an increase in plasma creatinine (≥0.3 mg/dL or a 1.5-fold increase from baseline level within 48 h). Neurological status was assessed at day 28 using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) (from 1=death to 5=good recovery; favorable outcome=GOS 4 to 5).

Results:
Of 243 patients admitted for SAH during the study period, 202 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria (median age 56 y, 78 male). Twenty-five patients (12%) developed AKI, a median of 8 (4 to 10) days after admission. Independent predictors of AKI were development of clinical vasospasm, and treatment with vancomycin. AKI was more frequent in ICU nonsurvivors than in survivors (11/50 vs. 14/152, P=0.03), and in patients with an unfavorable neurological outcome than in other patients (17/93 vs. 8/109, P=0.03). Nevertheless, in multivariable regression analysis, AKI was not an independent predictor of outcome.

Conclusions:
AKI occurred in >10% of patients after SAH. These patients had more severe neurological impairment and needed more aggressive ICU therapy; AKI did not significantly influence outcome.
Proteomic indicators of oxidation and hydration state in colorectal cancer
Authors: Dick Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTNew integrative approaches are needed to harness the potential of rapidly growing datasets of protein expression and microbial community composition in colorectal cancer (CRC). Chemical and thermodynamic models offer theoretical tools to describe populations of biomacromolecules and their relative potential for formation in different microenvironmental conditions. The average oxidation state of carbon (ZC) can be calculated as an elemental ratio from the chemical formulas of proteins, and water demand per residue is computed by writing the overall formation reactions of proteins from basis species. Using reported results from clinical proteomic studies and microbial community profiling, many datasets exhibit higher mean ZC or of proteins in carcinoma or adenoma compared to normal tissue. Microbial protein compositions have lower ZC in bacteria enriched in fecal samples from cancer patients. In thermodynamic calculations, the potential for formation of the cancer-related proteins is energetically favored by changes in the chemical activity of H2O and fugacity of O2 that reflect the compositional differences. The compositional analysis suggests that a systematic shift in chemical composition is an essential feature of the cancer proteome, and the thermodynamic descriptions show that the observed proteomic transformations could be promoted by microenvironments shifted toward more oxidizing conditions and increased hydration levels.
Genome Sequences ofPopulus tremulaChloroplast and Mitochondrion: Implications for Holistic Poplar Breeding
Authors: Kersten Birgit , Rampant Patricia Faivre , Mader Malte , Le Paslier Marie-Christine , Bounon Rémi , Berard Aurélie , Vettori Cristina , Schroeder Hilke , Leplé Jean-Charles , Fladung Matthias 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCompletePopulusgenome sequences are available for the nucleus (P. trichocarpa;sectionTacamahaca) and for chloroplasts (seven species), but not for mitochondria. Here, we provide the complete genome sequences of the chloroplast and the mitochondrion for the clonesP. tremulaW52 andP. tremulaxP. alba717–1B4 (sectionPopulus). The organization of the chloroplast genomes of bothPopulusclones is described. A phylogenetic tree constructed from all available complete chloroplast DNA sequences ofPopuluswas not congruent with the assignment of the related species to differentPopulussections. In total, 3,024 variable nucleotide positions were identified among all comparedPopuluschloroplast DNA sequences. The 5-prime part of the LSC fromtrnHtoatpAshowed the highest frequency of variations. The variable positions included 163 positions with SNPs allowing for differentiating the two clones withP. tremulachloroplast genomes (W52 717–1B4) from the other sevenPopulusindividuals. These potentialP. tremula-specific SNPs were displayed as a whole-plastome barcode on theP. tremulaW52 chloroplast DNA sequence. Three of these SNPs and one InDel in thetrnH-psbAlinker were successfully validated by Sanger sequencing in an extended set ofPopulusindividuals. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence ofP. tremulais the first in the family ofSalicaceae. The mitochondrial genomes of the two clones are 783,442 bp (W52) and 783,513 bp (717–1B4) in size, structurally very similar and organized as single circles. DNA sequence regions with high similarity to the W52 chloroplast sequence account for about 2% of the W52 mitochondrial genome. The mean SNP frequency was found to be nearly six fold higher in the chloroplast than in the mitochondrial genome when comparing 717–1B4 with W52. The availability of the genomic information of all three DNA-containing cell organelles will allow a holistic approach in poplar molecular breeding in the future.
Functional Analysis of Cellulose and Xyloglucan in the Walls of Stomatal Guard Cells of Arabidopsis
Authors: Rui Yue , Anderson Charles T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractStomatal guard cells are pairs of specialized epidermal cells that control water and CO2 exchange between the plant and the environment. To fulfill the functions of stomatal opening and closure that are driven by changes in turgor pressure, guard cell walls must be both strong and flexible, but how the structure and dynamics of guard cell walls enable stomatal function remains poorly understood. To address this question, we applied cell biological and genetic analyses to investigate guard cell walls and their relationship to stomatal function in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Using live-cell spinning disk confocal microscopy, we measured the motility of cellulose synthase (CESA)-containing complexes labeled by green fluorescent protein (GFP)-CESA3 and observed a reduced proportion of GFP-CESA3 particles colocalizing with microtubules upon stomatal closure. Imaging cellulose organization in guard cells revealed a relatively uniform distribution of cellulose in the open state and a more fibrillar pattern in the closed state, indicating that cellulose microfibrils undergo dynamic reorganization during stomatal movements. In cesa3je5 mutants defective in cellulose synthesis and xxt1 xxt2 mutants lacking the hemicellulose xyloglucan, stomatal apertures, changes in guard cell length, and cellulose reorganization were aberrant during fusicoccin-induced stomatal opening or abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure, indicating that sufficient cellulose and xyloglucan are required for normal guard cell dynamics. Together, these results provide new insights into how guard cell walls allow stomata to function as responsive mediators of gas exchange at the plant surface.
Institution building and institutional voids
Authors: Puffer Sheila M. , McCarthy Daniel J , Jaeger Alfred M 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of institutions and institutional voids in Russia, Brazil, and Poland over the decades of the 1980s through to 2015. The paper asserts that Russia and Brazil could learn much from Poland regarding formal institution building and formal institutional voids that cause problems like corruption and limit economic growth.Design/methodology/approach– A comparative case study approach is utilized to assess the relative success of the three emerging market countries in transitioning to a market economy, viewed through the lens of institutional theory.Findings– Poland’s experience in building successful formal institutions and mitigating major institutional voids can be instructive for Russia and Brazil which have shown far less success, and correspondingly less sustained economic growth.Research limitations/implications– This paper demonstrates the value of applying institutional theory to analyze the progress of emerging economies in transitioning to a market economy.Practical implications– This country comparison can prove valuable to other emerging economies seeking a successful transition to a market economy.Social implications– Since institutions are the fabric of any society, the emphasis on institutions in this paper can have positive implications for society in emerging markets.Originality/value– This paper is an original comparison of two BRIC countries with a smaller emerging economy, utilizing institutional theory. Factors contributing to Poland’s success are compared to Russia and Brazil to assess how those countries might be positively informed by Poland’s experience in building and strengthening sustainable formal institutions as well as avoiding institutional voids and their associated problems.
Informal institutions and technology use by entrepreneurs
Authors: Pathak Saurav , Laplume Andre O. , Xavier-Oliveira Emanuel 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– Given the increasing relevance of emerging economies in the global economy and the neoclassical argument that technological progress is the main driver of economic growth, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the under-researched role of informal institutions on the likelihood that individuals will enter into technology entrepreneurship in emerging markets.Design/methodology/approach– Since the authors combined individual-level and country-level observations, data were analyzed employing hierarchical linear modeling methods and random-effect logistic regressions to estimate the influence of country-level factors on the likelihood of individuals’ entry into techno-entrepreneurship. The data set comprised 10,280 observations for 18 emerging countries during the 2002-2008 period.Findings– The selected informal institutions relate to techno-entrepreneurship as follows: the size of the shadow economy has aU-shaped relationship; ethnic diversity is positively associated; and ethnic polarization is negatively associated, though the latter is not significant.Research limitations/implications– The authors did not theorize on cross-level mechanisms through which these informal institutions could influence individual-level attitudes, nor did the authors assess the role of such institutions on general entrepreneurship. However, this paper provides a base for more fine-grained studies.Originality/value– The authors disseminate novel insights into the particularities of emerging economies since all informal institutions studied here have been negatively associated with the overall economic experiences of developing and least developed countries. In addition, the authors provide a unique contribution by identifying a potentialU-shaped relationship between the size of the shadow economy and the likelihood of individuals engaging in techno-entrepreneurship.
Institutions and emerging markets: effects and implications for multinational corporations
Authors: Rottig Daniel 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of institutions in emerging markets by sketching out the unique institutional features of these markets and their implications for multinational corporations (MNCs).Design/methodology/approach– The study is conceptual in nature and provides an examination and interrelation of some of the key developments of institution-based research in the context of emerging market studies.Findings– This paper examines several idiosyncratic institutional features of emerging markets, including institutional voids, the relative importance of informal compared to formal institutions, institutional pressures by local governments, as well as institutional change and transitions.Practical implications– The paper discusses key effects and implications of the unique institutional environments of emerging markets for managers of MNCs, such as the relevance and importance of context, political, economic and social adaptability, as well as institutional arbitrage.Social implications– The paper discusses institutional legitimacy pressures in emerging markets for MNCs’ social performance, the relevance and importance of social institutions in these markets, as well as the need for social adaptation in order to successfully do business in emerging markets.Originality/value– This paper provides a current and relevant discussion of the key formal and informal institutional idiosyncrasies of emerging markets compared to developed markets and forwards a number or practical prescriptions for how to navigate these different and unique institutional environments.
Studies on anticorrosion properties of polyaniline-TiO2 blended with acrylic-silicone coating using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Mohd Jamari Siti Khumaira , Kasi Ramesh , Ismail Leeana , Mat Nor Nur  Amirah , Subramanian Ramis Rau , Subramaniam T. Ramesh , Balakrishnan Vengadaesvaran , Mohd Arof Abdul   Kariem 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the performance of coatings for corrosion protection. In this research, different compositions of polyaniline (PANI) were added in a pigmented acrylic polyol-silicone coating. The important performance property is corrosion protection. The coatings must be evaluated under corrosive environment. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is the suitable method to investigate the effect of the addition of PANI in the binder mixture.

Design/methodology/approach
– The coating resistance, coating capacitance, water uptake and the diffusion coefficient of the coatings were tested for each of the sample. These parameters of the coatings were tested for a period of 60 days of exposure of 3.5 weight per cent solution of sodium chloride salt. EIS results will be further verified by immersion test and salt spray test.

Findings
– Coating materials developed using 8 and 10 weight per cent of PANI exhibited better coating properties with higher coating resistance for a period 60 days immersion in corrosive environment compared to coatings with lower amount of PANI (2-6 weight per cent). The best coating system obtained the coating resistance value in the range of giga ohms even after the 60th day of exposure. The lowest capacitance value suggested that the coatings have not allowed the electrolyte to permeate to the interface. Water uptake values were found to be in the range of 5 per cent. Salt spray test results showed that the corrosion has initiated at the edges of the scratches only.

Practical implications
– The study of the effect of conducting polymers in acrylic polyol/silicone resin hybrid binder will be useful for more exploration in coating science.

Originality/value
– The development of protective hybrid coatings using conducting polymer and TiO2 particles is new. The results show high coating resistance values.
Phytochemical screening and potential of natural dye colourant from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
Authors: Mohajer S. , Taha R.M. , Azmi S.Z. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify the most dominant pigment of pomegranate explants for natural color coatings and detect the presence of phytochemical constituents and comparison of the antioxidant activities.

Design/methodology/approach
– Extracts of leaf, stem, peel and seed of in vitro and in vivo growth cultures were prepared for phytochemical constituent and antioxidant activity. The supernatant from 95 per cent methanol was mixed with 15 per cent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with the ratio of 1:1 to form a coating system.

Findings
– Although glycosides was not found in this species, tests for tannins and flavonoids were positive in all samples. The IC50 values were also comparable to commercial antioxidant ascorbic acid with 34.92 per cent inhibition. Chlorophyll a and b were detected in stem and leaf using UV-photospectrometer in 420 and 645 nm wavelengths ranges. The effects of heat and salt on the stability of natural dye colorants mixed with polyvinyl alcohol to form a basic coating system were indicated negatively in in vivo and in vitro growth cultures.

Originality/value
– The paper shows that further improvement with co-pigmentations may give a notable mixture from pomegranate extraction for the paint materials or nail varnish. It was also indicated that pomegranate contains some compounds such as polyphenolics that can donate electron/hydrogen easily.
Biomarkers in systemic sclerosis: Their potential to predict clinical courses
Authors: Hasegawa Minoru 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe concept of a biomarker was defined as “a characteristic marker that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention” by the National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Definitions Working group in 2001. Clinical features, disease progress, therapeutic response and prognosis are heterogeneous among patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Therefore, biomarkers that can predict these matters are required for the progress of clinical practice. At present, SSc‐specific autoantibodies are the most useful biomarkers for diagnosis and predicting clinical features. Otherwise, biomarkers specific only for SSc have not been identified yet. The glycoprotein krebs von den Lungen‐6, surfactant protein‐D and CCL18 are promising serum biomarkers of SSc‐related interstitial lung diseases. Serum/plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide and serum N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide have been used as biomarkers for SSc‐related pulmonary arterial hypertension. Other potential serum/plasma biomarkers for fibrosis and vascular involvement of SSc are connective tissue growth factor, interleukin‐6, CCL2, CXCL4, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1, P‐selectin, vascular endothelial growth factor, von Willebrand factor, endostatin, endoglin and endothelin‐1. In our multicenter prospective studies of Japanese early SSc, serum ICAM‐1 levels were predictive for subsequent respiratory dysfunction and serum levels of CXCL8 and P‐selectin were predictive for subsequent physical disability. Further large, multicenter, prospective, longitudinal studies will be needed to identify and validate critical biomarkers of SSc.
Psoriasis: Behind the scenes
Authors: Furue Masutaka , Kadono Takafumi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by a significant deterioration in the quality of life of affected individuals. Notably, psoriasis is significantly associated with cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome and other autoimmune disorders. Recent progress in biologic therapies has revealed the fundamental role of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐23 and the IL‐17A axis together with aberrant overproduction of epidermal IL‐36γ in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This review provides an update on the clinical, pathological and therapeutic advancements involving psoriasis.