bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposition of brown algae in the ocean by microbiota: biological insights for recycling blue carbon
Authors: Katsuhiro Natsuko , Sato Kanomi , Takase Ryuichi , Kawai Shigeyuki , Ogura Kohei , Hashimoto Wataru 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Brown algae are one of the most abundant biomasses on Earth. To recycle them as blue carbon sources, an effective decomposition system is necessary. This study focused on microorganisms present in seawater that decompose brown algae which contain laminarin and alginate. Where Undaria and Sargassum spp. were present, genera Psychromonas, Psychrobacter, and Pseudoalteromonas were predominant in seawater, while genera Arcobacter and Fusobacterium increased in abundance during the process of decomposition. The inoculation of Undaria samples into laminarin-minimal media led to a predominance of Pseudoalteromonas species. A Pseudoalteromonas isolate, identified as Pseudoalteromonas distincta, possesses genes encoding a putative laminarinase, polysaccharide lyase family 6 (PL6) alginate lyases, and a PL7 alginate lyase. The culture media of P. distincta contained no monosaccharides, suggesting the rapid conversion of polysaccharides to metabolites. These findings indicated that Pseudoalteromonas species play a major role in the decomposition of brown algae and affect the microbiota associated with them.
Gender and contemporary risk of adverse events in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Champsi Asgher , Mobley Alastair R , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Wang Xiaoxia , Shukla David , Bunting Karina V , Molgaard Inge , Dwight Jeremy , Arroyo Ruben Casado , Crijns Harry J G M , Guasti Luigina , Lettino Maddalena , Lumbers R Thomas , Maesen Bart , Rienstra Michiel , Svennberg Emma , Țica Otilia , Traykov Vassil , Tzeis Stylianos , van Gelder Isabelle , Kotecha Dipak 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The role of gender in decision-making for oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial.

Methods
The population cohort study used electronic healthcare records of 16 587 749 patients from UK primary care (2005–2020). Primary (composite of all-cause mortality, ischaemic stroke, or arterial thromboembolism) and secondary outcomes were analysed using Cox hazard ratios (HR), adjusted for age, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities.

Results
78 852 patients were included with AF, aged 40–75 years, no prior stroke, and no prescription of oral anticoagulants. 28 590 (36.3%) were women, and 50 262 (63.7%) men. Median age was 65.7 years (interquartile range 58.5–70.9), with women being older and having other differences in comorbidities. During a total follow-up of 431 086 patient-years, women had a lower adjusted primary outcome rate with HR 0.89 vs. men (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–0.92; P &lt; .001) and HR 0.87 after censoring for oral anticoagulation (95% CI 0.83–0.91; P &lt; .001). This was driven by lower mortality in women (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.83–0.89; P &lt; .001). No difference was identified between women and men for the secondary outcomes of ischaemic stroke or arterial thromboembolism (adjusted HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.94–1.07; P = .87), any stroke or any thromboembolism (adjusted HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.96–1.07; P = .58), and incident vascular dementia (adjusted HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.97–1.32; P = .11). Clinical risk scores were only modest predictors of outcomes, with CHA2DS2-VA (ignoring gender) superior to CHA2DS2-VASc for primary outcomes in this population (receiver operating characteristic curve area 0.651 vs. 0.639; P &lt; .001) and no interaction with gender (P = .45).

Conclusions
Removal of gender from clinical risk scoring could simplify the approach to which patients with AF should be offered oral anticoagulation.
Acoustic-based rule-out of stable coronary artery disease: the FILTER-SCAD trial
Authors: Bjerking Louise Hougesen , Skak-Hansen Kim Wadt , Heitmann Merete , Hove Jens Dahlgaard , Haahr-Pedersen Sune Ammentorp , Engblom Henrik , Erlinge David , Räder Sune Bernd Emil Werner , Brønnum-Schou Jens , Biering-Sørensen Tor , Kjærgaard Camilla Lyngby , Strange Søren , Galatius Søren , Prescott Eva Irene Bossano 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Overtesting of low-risk patients with suspect chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is widespread. The acoustic-based coronary artery disease (CAD)-score has superior rule-out capabilities when added to pre-test probability (PTP). FILTER-SCAD tested whether providing a CAD-score and PTP to cardiologists was superior to PTP alone in limiting testing.

Methods
At six Danish and Swedish outpatient clinics, patients with suspected new-onset CCS were randomized to either standard diagnostic examination (SDE) with PTP, or SDE plus CAD-score, and cardiologists provided with corresponding recommended diagnostic flowcharts. The primary endpoint was cumulative number of diagnostic tests at one year and key safety endpoint major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Results
In total, 2008 patients (46% male, median age 63 years) were randomized from October 2019 to September 2022. When randomized to CAD-score (n = 1002), it was successfully measured in 94.5%. Overall, 13.5% had PTP ≤ 5%, and 39.5% had CAD-score ≤ 20. Testing was deferred in 22% with no differences in diagnostic tests between groups (P for superiority = .56). In the PTP ≤ 5% subgroup, the proportion with deferred testing increased from 28% to 52% (P &lt; .001). Overall MACE was 2.4 per 100 person-years. Non-inferiority regarding safety was established, absolute risk difference 0.49% (95% confidence interval −1.96–0.97) (P for non-inferiority = .003). No differences were seen in angina-related health status or quality of life.

Conclusions
The implementation strategy of providing cardiologists with a CAD-score alongside SDE did not reduce testing overall but indicated a possible role in patients with low CCS likelihood. Further strategies are warranted to address resistance to modifying diagnostic pathways in this patient population.
Prediction of incident atrial fibrillation using deep learning, clinical models, and polygenic scores
Authors: Jabbour Gilbert , Nolin-Lapalme Alexis , Tastet Olivier , Corbin Denis , Jordà Paloma , Sowa Achille , Delfrate Jacques , Busseuil David , Hussin Julie G , Dubé Marie-Pierre , Tardif Jean-Claude , Rivard Léna , Macle Laurent , Cadrin-Tourigny Julia , Khairy Paul , Avram Robert , Tadros Rafik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Deep learning applied to electrocardiograms (ECG-AI) is an emerging approach for predicting atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF). This study introduces an ECG-AI model developed and tested at a tertiary cardiac centre, comparing its performance with clinical models and AF polygenic score (PGS).

Methods
Electrocardiograms in sinus rhythm from the Montreal Heart Institute were analysed, excluding those from patients with pre-existing AF. The primary outcome was incident AF at 5 years. An ECG-AI model was developed by splitting patients into non-overlapping data sets: 70% for training, 10% for validation, and 20% for testing. The performance of ECG-AI, clinical models, and PGS was assessed in the test data set. The ECG-AI model was externally validated in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) hospital data set.

Results
A total of 669 782 ECGs from 145 323 patients were included. Mean age was 61 ± 15 years, and 58% were male. The primary outcome was observed in 15% of patients, and the ECG-AI model showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) curve of .78. In time-to-event analysis including the first ECG, ECG-AI inference of high risk identified 26% of the population with a 4.3-fold increased risk of incident AF (95% confidence interval: 4.02–4.57). In a subgroup analysis of 2301 patients, ECG-AI outperformed CHARGE-AF (AUC-ROC = .62) and PGS (AUC-ROC = .59). Adding PGS and CHARGE-AF to ECG-AI improved goodness of fit (likelihood ratio test P &lt; .001), with minimal changes to the AUC-ROC (.76–.77). In the external validation cohort (mean age 59 ± 18 years, 47% male, median follow-up 1.1 year), ECG-AI model performance remained consistent (AUC-ROC = .77).

Conclusions
ECG-AI provides an accurate tool to predict new-onset AF in a tertiary cardiac centre, surpassing clinical and PGS.
Microvascular resistance reserve: impact on health status and myocardial perfusion after revascularization in chronic coronary syndrome
Authors: Rasmussen Laust Dupont , Westra Jelmer , Karim Salma Raghad , Dahl Jonathan Nørtoft , Søby Jacob Hartmann , Ejlersen June Anita , Gormsen Lars Christian , Eftekhari Ashkan , Christiansen Evald Høj , Bøttcher Morten , Winther Simon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) is a novel invasive index of the microcirculation, which is independent of epicardial stenoses, and has both diagnostic and prognostic implications. This study investigates whether MRR is associated with health status outcomes by revascularization in patients with moderate coronary stenoses.

Methods
Consecutive patients with stable chest pain and moderate (30%–90% diameter) stenoses on invasive coronary angiography (n = 222) underwent invasive physiology assessment. Revascularization was performed according to guideline recommendations. At baseline and follow-up, health status and myocardial perfusion were assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) and positron emission tomography. The primary endpoint was freedom from angina at follow-up with secondary endpoints including changes in health status by SAQ domains and myocardial perfusion by MRR and revascularization status. Low MRR was defined as ≤3.0.

Results
Freedom from angina occurred in 38/173 patients. In multivariate analyses, MRR was associated with freedom from angina at follow-up (odds ratio 0.860, 95% confidence interval 0.740–0.987). By MRR and revascularization groups, patients with normal MRR who did not undergo revascularization, and patients with abnormal MRR who underwent revascularization, had improved health status of angina frequency [mean difference SAQ angina frequency score 8.5 (3.07–13.11) and 13.5 (2.82–23.16), respectively]. For both groups, health status of physical limitation [mean difference in SAQ physical limitation score 9.7 (4.79–11.93) and 8.7 (0.53–13.88), respectively] and general health status [mean difference in SAQ summary score 9.3 (5.18–12.50) and 10.8 (2.51–17.28), respectively] also improved. Only patients with abnormal MRR who underwent revascularization had improved myocardial perfusion.

Conclusions
In patients with moderate coronary stenoses, MRR seems to predict the symptomatic and perfusion benefit of revascularization.

Clinical trial identifiers
NCT03481712 and NCT04707859.
A phase unwrapping approach in measuring surface wave phase velocities from ambient noise
Authors: Xie Yanan , Luo Yinhe , Yang Yingjie 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY
In the past two decades or so, ambient noise tomography (ANT) has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating high-resolution crustal and upper-mantle structures. A crucial step in the ANT involves extracting phase velocities from cross-correlation functions (CCFs). However, obtaining precise phase velocities can be a formidable challenge, particularly when significant lateral velocity variations exist in shallow subsurface imaging that relies on short-period surface waves from ambient noise. To address this challenge, we propose an unwrapping correction method that enables the accurate extraction of short-period dispersion curves. Our method relies on the examination of the continuity of phase velocities extracted from CCFs between a common station and other neighbouring stations along a linear array. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by applying our method to both synthetic and field data. Both applications suggest our unwrapping correction method can identify and correct unwrapping errors in phase velocity measurements, ensuring the extraction of accurate and reliable dispersion curves at short periods from ambient noise, which is essential for subsequent inversion for subsurface structures.
Quantitative evaluation of mantle flow traction on overlying tectonic plate: linear versus power-law mantle rheology
Authors: Cui Fengyuan , Li Zhong-Hai , Fu Hui-Ying 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY
Sub-plate mantle flow traction (MFT) has been considered as a major driving force for plate motion; however, the force acting on the overlying plate is difficult to constrain. One of the reasons lies in the variable rheological flow laws of mantle rocks, for example, linear versus power-law rheology, applied in previous studies. Here, systematic numerical models are conducted to evaluate MFT under variable rheological, geometrical and kinematic conditions. The results indicate that MFT with power-law rheology is much lower than that with linear rheology under the same mantle/plate velocity contrast. In addition, existence of a lithospheric root in the overlying plate could enhance MFT, where integrated normal force acting on the walls of lithospheric root is much lower than the shear force in a large-scale domain. In the acting domain of several thousand kilometres, MFT with power-law rheology is comparable to the ridge push of about 3×1012 N m−1, whereas that with linear rheology is comparable to the slab pull of about 3×1013 N m−1. The roles of MFT in driving plate motion are further analysed for the Tethyan evolution. It indicates that MFT with power-law rheology could partially support the Wilson cycles experienced in the Tethyan system, whereas that with linear rheology could easily dominate any kinds of plate tectonic evolutions. The quantitative evaluation of MFT in this study clarifies the roles of rheological flow laws on MFT and could help us to better understand the contrasting results in previous numerical studies.
The effectiveness of community dance in people with cancer: a
mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nelson Eimear , Kelly Dervla , Ni Bhriain Orfhlaith , Garry Fran , Clifford Amanda M , Allardyce Joanna M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There is a need for both feasible and enjoyable physical activity programmes for people on a cancer journey. Emerging evidence suggests that dance can have a positive effect on health and well-being in this cohort. We aimed to synthesize the quantitative and qualitative literature exploring the effectiveness and impact of community dance interventions in people with all types and stages of cancer. A systematic search was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in Pubmed, EMBASE, Medline Ovid, CINAHL and PEDro databases. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted and synthesized using a convergent segregated approach. The numeric data were analysed using descriptive statistics, narrative synthesis and meta-analysis where possible. The qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. The Downs and Black critical appraisal tool and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme were used to assess the quality of the quantitative and qualitative literature, respectively. Eighteen studies were included in this mixed-methods review with seven trials included in the meta-analysis. Statistically significant improvements were found in favour of community dance for functional capacity, fatigue, quality-of-life and depression in comparison to no intervention. Evidence suggests dance is a safe and feasible form of physical activity both during and after cancer treatment. Participants reported good social support, education regarding physical activity and local access as key facilitators to participation. We concluded that dance is a feasible and enjoyable intervention for many people with various forms of cancer. Community dance programmes can improve both physical and psychological outcomes in people on a cancer journey.
GluN2B on Adult-Born Granule Cells Modulates (R,S)-Ketamine’s Rapid-Acting Effects in Mice
Authors: Bulthuis Nicholas E , McGowan Josephine C , Ladner Liliana R , LaGamma Christina T , Lim Sean C , Shubeck Claire X , Brachman Rebecca A , Sydnor Ezra , Pavlova Ina P , Seo Dong-oh , Drew Michael R , Denny Christine A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Standard antidepressant treatments often take weeks to reach efficacy and are ineffective for many patients. (R,S)-ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has been shown to be a rapid-acting antidepressant and to decrease depressive symptoms within hours of administration. While previous studies have shown the importance of the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor on interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex, no study to our knowledge has investigated the influence of GluN2B-expressing adult-born granule cells.

Methods
Here, we examined whether (R,S)-ketamine’s efficacy depends on adult-born hippocampal neurons using a genetic strategy to selectively ablate the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor from Nestin+ cells in male and female mice, tested across an array of standard behavioral assays.

Results
We report that in male mice, GluN2B expression on 6-week-old adult-born neurons is necessary for (R,S)-ketamine’s effects on behavioral despair in the forced swim test and on hyponeophagia in the novelty suppressed feeding paradigm, as well on fear behavior following contextual fear conditioning. In female mice, GluN2B expression is necessary for effects on hyponeophagia in novelty suppressed feeding. These effects were not replicated when ablating GluN2B from 2-week-old adult-born neurons. We also find that ablating neurogenesis increases fear expression in contextual fear conditioning, which is buffered by (R,S)-ketamine administration.

Conclusions
In line with previous studies, these results suggest that 6-week-old adult-born hippocampal neurons expressing GluN2B partially modulate (R,S)-ketamine’s rapid-acting effects. Future work targeting these 6-week-old adult-born neurons may prove beneficial for increasing the efficacy of (R,S)-ketamine.
Transient Electromagnetic Field Response Analysis Considering Dam Boundary Conditions
Authors: Zhang Shenghang , Tang Lei , Li Po , Ming Pan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The transient electromagnetic (TEM) method has outstanding advantages in detecting depth and response information and can be used to detect anomalies hidden deep inside dams. However, the current data analysis method based on geological exploration is inapplicable to the interpretation of dam detection data, the main reason being the lack of consideration of the influence of dam boundary conditions on the diffusion of the TEM field. In this work, by establishing a numerical model of a dam for TEM detection, the effects of the dam slope ratio, upstream water body, overburden, and other dam boundary conditions on the TEM field were studied. The results showed that the slope ratio made the propagating TEM field to exhibit a constraining behavior, and a negative deviation could be seen in the attenuation curve, indicating a false high-resistance anomaly. The upstream water body distorted the diffusion of the electromagnetic field, and the low-resistance covering layer caused a low-retardation retention phenomenon in the magnetic field, leading to a positive deviation in the attenuation curve, indicating a false low-resistance anomaly. The influence of the boundary conditions was present throughout the entire observation window in which the detection was performed, and the sensitivity of the magnetic field to these boundary conditions was significantly higher than that of the change rate of the magnetic field. With the increase in the observation time, the main influencing factors were the slope ratio, overburden layer, and upstream water body.
The 3D Lyman-α forest power spectrum from eBOSS DR16
Authors: de Belsunce Roger , Philcox Oliver H E , Iršič Vid , McDonald Patrick , Guy Julien , Palanque-Delabrouille Nathalie 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We measure the three-dimensional power spectrum (P3D) of the transmitted flux in the Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly $\alpha$) forest using the complete extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey data release 16 (eBOSS DR16). This sample consists of $\sim$205 000 quasar spectra in the redshift range $2\le z \le 4$ at an effective redshift $z=2.334$. We propose a pair-count spectral estimator in configuration space, weighting each pair by $\exp (i\mathbf {k}\cdot \mathbf {r})$, for wave vector $\mathbf {k}$ and pixel pair separation $\mathbf {r}$, effectively measuring the anisotropic power spectrum without the need for fast Fourier transforms. This accounts for the window matrix in a tractable way, avoiding artefacts found in Fourier-transform based power spectrum estimators due to the sparse sampling transverse to the line of sight of Ly $\alpha$ skewers. We extensively test our pipeline on two sets of mocks: (i) idealized Gaussian random fields with a sparse sampling of Ly $\alpha$ skewers, and (ii) log-normal LyaCoLoRe mocks including realistic noise levels, the eBOSS survey geometry and contaminants. On eBOSS DR16 data, the Kaiser formula with a non-linear correction term obtained from hydrodynamic simulations yields a good fit to the power spectrum data in the range $(0.02 \le k \le 0.35)\, h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}\,$ at the 1–2σ level with a covariance matrix derived from LyaCoLoRe mocks. We demonstrate a promising new approach for full-shape cosmological analyses of Ly $\alpha$ forest data from cosmological surveys such as eBOSS, the currently observing Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument and future surveys such as the Prime Focus Spectrograph, WEAVE-QSO, and 4MOST.
The cosmic rate of pair-instability supernovae
Authors: Gabrielli Francesco , Lapi Andrea , Boco Lumen , Ugolini Cristiano , Costa Guglielmo , Sgalletta Cecilia , Shepherd Kendall , Di Carlo Ugo N , Bressan Alessandro , Limongi Marco , Spera Mario 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Pair-instability supernovae (PISNe) have crucial implications for many astrophysical topics, including the search for very massive stars, the black hole mass spectrum, and galaxy chemical enrichment. To this end, we need to understand where PISNe are across cosmic time, and what are their favourable galactic environments. We present a new determination of the PISN rate as a function of redshift, obtained by combining up-to-date stellar evolution tracks from the parsec and franec codes, with an up-to-date semi-empirical determination of the star formation rate and metallicity evolution of star-forming galaxies throughout cosmic history. We find the PISN rate to exhibit a huge dependence on the model assumptions, including the criterion to identify stars unstable to pair production, and the upper limit of the stellar initial mass function. Remarkably, the interplay between the maximum metallicity at which stars explode as PISNe, and the dispersion of the galaxy metallicity distribution, dominates the uncertainties, causing a ∼ seven-orders-of-magnitude PISN rate range. Furthermore, we show a comparison with the core-collapse supernova rate, and study the properties of the favourable PISN host galaxies. According to our results, the main contribution to the PISN rate comes from metallicities between $\sim 10^{-3}$ and $10^{-2}$, against the common assumption that views very low metallicity, Population III stars as exclusive or dominant PISN progenitors. The strong dependencies we find offer the opportunity to constrain stellar and galaxy evolution models based on possible future (or the lack of) PISN observations.