bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods for a longitudinal cohort of refugee children in a regional community in Australia
Authors: Zwi Karen , Rungan Santuri , Woolfenden Susan , Williams Katrina , Woodland Lisa 
Published: August 2016

PurposeFew studies explore the long-term health and well-being of refugee children. A longitudinal cohort of refugee children was created to determine health and well-being outcomes over time. This article describes the methodology used to conduct this study, including sample characteristics and effectiveness of recruitment and retention strategies.ParticipantsNewly arrived refugee children settling in a regional part of Australia aged 6 months to 15 years were recruited between 2009 and 2013 and 85% were followed for an average of 31 months.Method and designGeneral practitioners conducted health and pathology examinations shortly after arrival. Additional follow-up assessments were conducted by the research team at an average of 13 months after arrival for the first (year 2) and 31 months for the second (year 3) assessment. Children under 5 years had developmental and children aged 4–17 years had social–emotional screening. Families were assessed for risk and protective factors using a structured interview and the Social Readjustment Ratings Scale. Parent experience of the research was explored.Findings to dateEligibility criteria were met by 158 of 228 (69%) newly arrived children, 61 of whom (39%) were enrolled. Retention was 100% (n=61) at year 2 and 85% at year 3. The study sample was younger than and had an over-representation of African refugees as compared to the eligible population. Parents reported that the research was respectful.Future plansThis study demonstrates that a longitudinal cohort study in refugee children is feasible and acceptable, and retention rates can be high. The establishment of this cohort provides the opportunity to analyse valuable data about the early settlement experience, risk and protective factors and long-term health and well-being outcomes in refugee children. These are necessary to identify refugee children in need of additional support and to guide future service delivery.
Efficient Payload Delivery by a Bispecific Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting HER2 and CD63
Authors: de Goeij Bart E.C.G. , Vink Tom , ten Napel Hendrik , Breij Esther C.W. , Satijn David , Wubbolts Richard , Miao David , Parren Paul W.H.I. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) are designed to be stable in circulation and to release potent cytotoxic drugs intracellularly following antigen-specific binding, uptake, and degradation in tumor cells. Efficient internalization and routing to lysosomes where proteolysis can take place is therefore essential. For many cell surface proteins and carbohydrate structures on tumor cells, however, the magnitude of these processes is insufficient to allow for an effective ADC approach. We hypothesized that we could overcome this limitation by enhancing lysosomal ADC delivery via a bispecific antibody (bsAb) approach, in which one binding domain would provide tumor specificity, whereas the other binding domain would facilitate targeting to the lysosomal compartment. We therefore designed a bsAb in which one binding arm specifically targeted CD63, a protein that is described to shuttle between the plasma membrane and intracellular compartments, and combined it in a bsAb with a HER2 binding arm, which was selected as model antigen for tumor-specific binding. The resulting bsHER2xCD63his demonstrated strong binding, internalization and lysosomal accumulation in HER2-positive tumor cells, and minimal internalization into HER2-negative cells. By conjugating bsHER2xCD63his to the microtubule-disrupting agent duostatin-3, we were able to demonstrate potent cytotoxicity of bsHER2xCD63his-ADC against HER2-positive tumors, which was not observed with monovalent HER2- and CD63-specific ADCs. Our data demonstrate, for the first time, that intracellular trafficking of ADCs can be improved using a bsAb approach that targets the lysosomal membrane protein CD63 and provide a rationale for the development of novel bsADCs that combine tumor-specific targeting with targeting of rapidly internalizing antigens. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2688–97. ©2016 AACR.
Clinical practice guidelines for prophylaxis of venous thomboembolism in cancer patients
Authors: Frere Corinne , Farge Dominique 
Published: August 2016

SummarySymptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs 4-7 times more frequently in cancer patients as compared to non-cancer patients. A significant number of risk factors, which can be subcategorised as patient-, cancer- or treatment-related, have been shown to influence the risk of VTE during malignancy and further incorporated in risk-assessment models. Safe and efficient thromboprophylaxis regimens allow substantial decreased in VTE rates, since VTE is most often a largely preventable disease, but thromboprophylaxis remains underused in cancer compared to non-cancer patients. If thromboprophylaxis is warranted in cancer patients undergoing surgery or hospitalised for acute medical illness or with a lower mobility in the absence of contraindications to anticoagulants, its benefit remains controversial in outpatients and may be limited to locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic or lung cancer treated with chemotherapy. The International Initiative on Thrombosis and Cancer-CME free mobile app (ios and android), based on the International Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG), facilitates their implementation and dissemination of knowledge worldwide so as to improve VTE treatment and prophylaxis in cancer patients.
Μια πρόταση για τη διαλεκτική μεθοδολογία εμπειρικής έρευνας: Το παράδειγμα των Εστιασμένων Ομάδων για την κοινωνική και εργασιακή ένταξη των νέων
Authors: Χτούρης Σωτήρης , Ζήση Αναστασία , Ρενταρή Μάλαμα 
Published: August 2016

<p><em>Το παρόν άρθρο παρουσιάζει τη μεθοδολογία που εφαρμόστηκε στο ερευνητικό έργο ΑΡΙΣΤΕΙΑ (Ι) In4Youth εστιάζοντας στην τεχνική των εστιασμένων ομάδων και στην ανάπτυξη μιας διαλεκτικής μεθοδολογίας ποιοτικής έρευνας. Στη μεθοδολογία αυτή εντάσσονται διάφορες παραδόσεις της ποιοτικής έρευνας με στόχο τη δημιουργία ενός δόκιμου εργαλείου καταγραφής και ανάλυσης κοινωνικών δεδομένων που θα στηρίζεται στην διάδραση των συμμετεχόντων των Εστιασμένων Ομάδων αλλά και στη δυναμική και διαλεκτική ανάδειξη των κοινωνικών φαινομένων. Η έρευνα In4Youth αποτελεί μια σημαντική ευκαιρία μελέτης της δυναμικής της κοινωνικής ένταξης ή του αποκλεισμού των νέων από την αγορά εργασίας μέσω των Εστιασμένων Ομάδων (Focus Group), διότι η μέθοδος καταγράφει διαλεκτικά την επισφάλεια και την αμφιθυμία των συμμετεχόντων στις διαδρομές τους ανάμεσα στην εκπαίδευση, την προσωρινή εργασία και τις καταστάσεις ανεργίας. </em></p>
Are scientific abstracts written in poetic verse an effective representation of the underlying research?
Authors: Illingworth Sam 
Published: August 2016

The central purpose of science is to explain (Purtill, 1970). However, who is that explanation for, and how is this explanation communicated once it has been deduced?Scientific research is typically communicated via papers in journals, with an abstract presented as a summary of that explanation. However, in many instances they may be written in a manner which is non-communicatory to a lay reader (Halliday & Martin, 2003). This study begins to investigate if poetry could be used as an alternative form of communication, by first assessing if poetic verse is an effective form of communication to other scientists. In order to assess this suitability, a survey was conducted in which two different groups of participants were asked questions based on a scientific abstract. One group of participants was given the original scientific abstract, whilst the second group was instead given a poem written about the scientific study. Quantitative analysis found that whilst a scientific audience found a poetic interpretation of a scientific abstract to be no less interesting or inspiring than the original prose, they did find it to be less accessible. However, further qualitative analysis suggested that the poem did a good job in conveying a similar meaning to that presented in the original abstract. The results of this study indicate that whilst for a scientific audience poetry should not replace the prose abstract, it could be used alongside the original format to inspire the reader to find out more about the topic. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of this approach for a non-expert audience.Alternative version:Are scientific papers understood,By anyone from outside of the field;And is an abstract really any good,If jargon means its secrets aren’t revealed?Could poetry present a different way,Of summing up research in a nutshell; Presented in a language for the lay,Yet still useful for scientists as well?This study aimed to find if it was true,That poems could be a way to convey fact;By splitting sample researchers in two:And giving each a different abstract.The findings showed that whilst prose was preferred,Related meanings from both were inferred.
Steroids and sweets: can liquorice make high-dose steroids more palatable in treating MS relapses?
Authors: Low Samantha , Porter Bernadette , Chataway Jeremy 
Published: August 2016

Introduction: High-dose corticosteroids are often used to treat acute relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS). A common side effect of this treatment is an unpleasant metallic taste. There was anecdotal evidence from patients that liquorice reduced this. Methods: An interventional study in patients attending an MS acute relapse clinic at a tertiary referral centre was performed. On day one, patients received treatment but were not given liquorice first; on day two, they were given liquorice to eat before treatment. They completed a questionnaire and scored the severity of the metallic taste on each day. Results: Thirty-seven patients were analysed. The mean pre-intervention and post-intervention severity scores, where higher scores equalled more unpleasant tastes, were 6.0±2.4 and 2.9±2.2 respectively, demonstrating an absolute reduction of 3.1±2.1 points (p<0.001) and a relative reduction of 51.5%. This benefit was seen in more than 90% of participants. Conclusion: In the majority of participants, administration of liquorice before steroid therapy reduced the severity of the metallic taste by half.
Avaliação do uso da cromatografia gasosa para detecção de hidrocarbonetos monoaromáticos na água subterrânea na região norte do município de Fortaleza (CE)
Authors: Costa de Freitas Evla Vívia , De Sá Barreto Francisco Maurício , Da Franca Alencar Neto Mariano , Martins Cavalcante Rivelino 
Published: August 2016

A contaminação das águas subterrâneas por derivados do petróleo, como a gasolina é um dos principais impactos causados pela atividade comercial varejista de revenda de combustíveis automotivos. Uma das formas de se detectar esse tipo de impacto é realizar a caracterização da qualidade das águas subterrâneas próximas a esses locais quanto à presença de hidrocarbonetos monoaromáticos, como benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e os isômeros do xileno (BTEX). Nesse sentido, buscou-se caracterizar a qualidade da água subterrânea quanto à presença de BTEX na região norte do município de Fortaleza - CE, área de estudo desta pesquisa. Para isso, foi implantada a metodologia analítica de detecção dos BTEX por cromatografia gasosa, acoplada aos detectores PID (fotoionização) e FID (ionização em chama), antecedida da técnica de pré-concentração da amostra headspace estático. O método foi validado através da avaliação dos parâmetros seletividade, linearidade, precisão (repetibilidade), exatidão (recuperação), limite de detecção (LD) e limite de quantificação (LQ). A amostragem da água subterrânea foi realizada pelo método de baixa-vazão, conforme a norma ABNT NBR 15847/2010, com o auxílio de um sistema de amostragem automatizado - Low-Flow Sampling, em 11 poços de monitoramento. O método analítico mostrou-se bastante seletivo, repetitivo, linear, apresentou boa recuperação (70 a 110%) e baixos limites de detecção (0,01 a 0,08 µg/L) e limite de quantificação (0,04 a 0,32 µg/L). Os compostos BTEX foram detectados em todos os poços monitorados, entretanto as concentrações medidas ficaram muito a baixo dos valores máximos estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA 396/2008, que é de 5 µg.L-1, 170 µg.L-1, 200 µg.L-1 e 300µg.L-1, para o benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos, respectivamente.
Micronuclei and Nuclear Abnormalities in Erythrocytes from Barbel Barbus peloponnesius Revealing Genotoxic Pollution of the River Bregalnica
Authors: Ivanova Lozenka , Popovska-Percinic Florina , Slavevska-Stamenkovic Valentina , Jordanova Maja , Rebok Katerina 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The strong negative anthropogenic pressure on the River Bregalnica resulted in the increase of pollution in the river ecosystem. The aim of this study was to evaluate if aquatic pollutants generate genotoxic effects in barbel (Barbus peloponnesius). Thirty individuals were collected from three localities along the river: one control site and two locations in the middle and lower course of the river with the presence of different pollution sources. Blood smears were stained with May-Grünwald/Giemsa method and the frequency of micronuclei, vacuolated nuclei, binuclei, blebbed nuclei and notched nuclei expressed in per mill was recorded. In fish collected from the control site, the investigated erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities revealed lowest values compared to polluted sites. In general, significantly higher values for erythrocyte deformations, including micronuclei, were noted in the middle and lower part of the river. Significantly higher values of vacuolated and blebbed nuclei were detected in fish from the middle course of the river, while at the lower course the frequencies of occurrence of micronuclei and notched nuclei were significant compared with control site. The middle course of the River Bregalnica has more diverse pollutants compared to the lower course, and consequently the highest frequency of all nuclear deformations was found in barbel from the middle course of the river. Obtained results suggest that pollutants draining into the Bregalnica river ecosystem display a genotoxic effect on the local barbel population.
A note on soliton solutions of Klein-Gordon-Zakharov equation by variational approach
Authors: Khan Najeeb Alam , Riaz Fatima , Ara Asmat 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this paper, an investigation has been made to validate the variational approach to obtain soliton solutions of the Klein-Gordon-Zakharov (KGZ) equations. It is evident that to resolve the non-linear partial differential equations are quite complex and difficult. The presented approach is capable of achieving the condition for continuation of the solitary solution of KGZ equation as well as the initial solutions selected in soliton form including various unknown parameters can be resolute in the solution course of action. The procedure of attaining the solution reveals that the scheme is simple and straightforward.
The Scottish Constitutional Tradition: A Very British Radicalism?
Authors: Bulmer W. Elliot 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper discusses recent developments in Scottish nationalist constitutional thought during the period of 2002 to 2014, showing how the Scottish constitutional conversation has diverged from, but continues to be influenced by, the UK-wide constitutional conversation at Westminster. It presents Scottish nationalist constitutional thought as a ‘very British radicalism’, which is characterised by certain constitutional forms and ideas that are radical in a British context (such as popular sovereignty, proportional representation, a written constitution, and a commitment to covenantal socio-economic and environmental provisions) while at the same time retaining a persistent ‘Britishness’ in terms of specific institutional proposals and ambivalence towards the principles of constitutional government. Finally, I will discuss possible designs of a future constitutional settlement in Scotland and the United Kingdom. Notably, I will explore how far the Scottish constitutional tradition might impact on the constitutional shape of the United Kingdom.
Animal models of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: optimal choices for the best outcomes
Authors: Huang Lan , Zhao Fengyan , Qu Yi , Zhang Li , Wang Yan , Mu Dezhi 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a serious disease leading to neonatal death, is becoming a key area of pediatric neurological research. Despite remarkable advances in the understanding of HIE, the explicit pathogenesis of HIE is unclear, and well-established treatments are absent. Animal models are usually considered as the first step in the exploration of the underlying disease and in evaluating promising therapeutic interventions. Various animal models of HIE have been developed with distinct characteristics, and it is important to choose an appropriate animal model according to the experimental objectives. Generally, small animal models may be more suitable for exploring the mechanisms of HIE, whereas large animal models are better for translational studies. This review focuses on the features of commonly used HIE animal models with respect to their modeling strategies, merits, and shortcomings, and associated neuropathological changes, providing a comprehensive reference for improving existing animal models and developing new animal models.
Glucocorticoids Mediate Short-Term High-Fat Diet Induction of Neuroinflammatory Priming, the NLRP3 Inflammasome, and the Danger Signal HMGB1
Authors: Sobesky Julia L. , D’Angelo Heather M. , Weber Michael D. , Anderson Nathan D. , Frank Matthew G. , Watkins Linda R. , Maier Steven F. , Barrientos Ruth M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe impact of the foods we eat on metabolism and cardiac physiology has been studied for decades, yet less is known about the effects of foods on the CNS, or the behavioral manifestations that may result from these effects. Previous studies have shown that long-term consumption of high-fat foods leading to diet-induced obesity sensitizes the inflammatory response of the brain to subsequent challenging stimuli, causing deficits in the formation of long-term memories. The new findings reported here demonstrate that short-term consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) produces the same outcomes, thus allowing the examination of mechanisms involved in this process long before obesity and associated comorbidities occur. Rats fed an HFD for 3 d exhibited increases in corticosterone, the inflammasome-associated protein NLRP3 (nod-like receptor protein 3), and the endogenous danger signal HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) in the hippocampus. A low-dose (10 μg/kg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immune challenge potentiated the neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus of rats fed the HFD, and caused a deficit in the formation of long-term memory, effects not observed in rats fed regular chow. The blockade of corticosterone action with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone prevented the NLRP3 and HMGB1 increases in unchallenged animals, normalized the proinflammatory response to LPS, and prevented the memory impairment. These data suggest that short-term HFD consumption increases vulnerability to memory disruptions caused by an immune challenge by upregulating important neuroinflammatory priming and danger signals in the hippocampus, and that these effects are mediated by increases in hippocampal corticosterone.
Head Transcriptomes of Two Closely Related Species of Fruit Flies of theAnastrepha fraterculusGroup Reveals Divergent Genes in Species with Extensive Gene Flow
Authors: Rezende Victor Borges , Congrains Carlos , Lima André Luís A , Campanini Emeline Boni , Nakamura Aline Minali , Oliveira Janaína Lima de , Chahad-Ehlers Samira , Junior Iderval Sobrinho , Alves de Brito Reinaldo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSeveral fruit flies species of the Anastrepha fraterculus group are of great economic importance for the damage they cause to a variety of fleshy fruits. Some species in this group have diverged recently, with evidence of introgression, showing similar morphological attributes that render their identification difficult, reinforcing the relevance of identifying new molecular markers that may differentiate species. We investigated genes expressed in head tissues from two closely related species: A. obliqua and A. fraterculus, aiming to identify fixed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and highly differentiated transcripts, which, considering that these species still experience some level of gene flow, could indicate potential candidate genes involved in their differentiation process. We generated multiple libraries from head tissues of these two species, at different reproductive stages, for both sexes. Our analyses indicate that the de novo transcriptome assemblies are fairly complete. We also produced a hybrid assembly to map each species’ reads, and identified 67,470 SNPs in A. fraterculus, 39,252 in A. obliqua, and 6386 that were common to both species. We identified 164 highly differentiated unigenes that had a mean interspecific index (D¯) of at least 0.94. We selected unigenes that had Ka/Ks higher than 0.5, or had at least three or more highly differentiated SNPs as potential candidate genes for species differentiation. Among these candidates, we identified proteases, regulators of redox homeostasis, and an odorant-binding protein (Obp99c), among other genes. The head transcriptomes described here enabled the identification of thousands of genes hitherto unavailable for these species, and generated a set of candidate genes that are potentially important to genetically identify species and understand the speciation process in the presence of gene flow of A. obliqua and A. fraterculus.
ADrosophilaLexA Enhancer-Trap Resource for Developmental Biology and Neuroendocrine Research
Authors: Kockel Lutz , Huq Lutfi M , Ayyar Anika , Herold Emma , MacAlpine Elle , Logan Madeline , Savvides Christina , Kim Grace E S , Chen Jiapei , Clark Theresa , Duong Trang , Fazel-Rezai Vahid , Havey Deanna , Han Samuel , Jagadeesan Ravi , Kim Eun Soo Jackie , Lee Diane , Lombardo Kaelina , Piyale Ida , Shi Hansen , Stahr Lydia , Tung Dana , Tayvah Uriel , Wang Flora , Wang Ja-Hon , Xiao Sarah , Topper Sydni M , Park Sangbin , Rotondo Cheryl , Rankin Anne E , Chisholm Townley W , Kim Seung K 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNovel binary gene expression tools like the LexA-LexAop system could powerfully enhance studies of metabolism, development, and neurobiology in Drosophila. However, specific LexA drivers for neuroendocrine cells and many other developmentally relevant systems remain limited. In a unique high school biology course, we generated a LexA-based enhancer trap collection by transposon mobilization. The initial collection provides a source of novel LexA-based elements that permit targeted gene expression in the corpora cardiaca, cells central for metabolic homeostasis, and other neuroendocrine cell types. The collection further contains specific LexA drivers for stem cells and other enteric cells in the gut, and other developmentally relevant tissue types. We provide detailed analysis of nearly 100 new LexA lines, including molecular mapping of insertions, description of enhancer-driven reporter expression in larval tissues, and adult neuroendocrine cells, comparison with established enhancer trap collections and tissue specific RNAseq. Generation of this open-resource LexA collection facilitates neuroendocrine and developmental biology investigations, and shows how empowering secondary school science can achieve research and educational goals.