bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insight of sedimentological and geochemical characterization of siliciclastic-carbonate deposits (Alveolina Limestone Formation, Graus-Tremp basin, Spain)
Authors: Hamon Youri , Deschamps Remy , Joseph Philippe , Garcia Daniel , Chanvry Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article is a first attempt of combining sedimentological analysis and geochemical systematics of the Alveolina Limestone Formation as a tool to identify the major stratigraphic surfaces, and to improve the sequence stratigraphy interpretation. This formation is Early Eocene in age and crops out in several well-exposed cliffs in the Serraduy – Roda de Isabena area (Graus-Tremp basin, NE Spain). Within this succession, nineteen carbonate and siliciclastic facies have been identified and grouped in environmental facies associations (based on their vertical stacking and lateral relationships): 1) coastal plain; 2) clastic deltaic complex; 3) shallow carbonate inner-ramp; 4) mid-ramp; 5) outer-ramp; 6) reefal facies. The depositional architectures studied in the Serraduy area can be directly assessed on the field, and a 3D reconstruction is proposed. This enables us to build a synthetic depositional model and to identify five small-scale T/R cycles, bounded by different kinds of sedimentary discontinuities : angular unconformity, firmground, erosional surface… In parallel, geochemical analyses (C and O isotopes, major, minor and trace elements) were carried out to help at hierarchizing the cycles and the boundaries previously identified. Four of them may be considered as major stratigraphic surfaces, corresponding either to regional-scale angular unconformities, or to exposure surfaces. The latter are characterized by a selective dissolution, a slight but sharp decrease in δ13CV-PDB and in Mg, Fe and Sr contents below the surface. The absence of typical sedimentary criteria of exposure (with the exception of these geochemical signatures) may be explained by short-term exposure, an arid to semi-arid climate, and a dominant low-magnesian calcite original mineralogy, precluding the development and the preservation of widespread vadose diagenetic products. A new sequence stratigraphy model for the Alveolina Limestone Fm is finally proposed and discussed.
The Atlas-Meseta Red Beds basin (Morocco) and the Lower Ordovician rifting of NW-Gondwana
Authors: Ouanaimi Hassan , Soulaimani Abderrahmane , Hoepffner Christian , Michard André , Baidder Lahssen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe transition from the Cambrian to Ordovician in Morocco is known to be characterized by a frequent Furongian hiatus, restricted extension of the Tremadocian marine deposits, and frequent unconformities at the base of the transgressive upper Floian deposits. In the present work, we first highlight the occurrence of Fe- and mica-rich, red silty/sandy formations in the Central and Eastern High Atlas between the Middle Cambrian and Upper Floian sequences. In the Tislyt type-locality, a synsedimentary hemigraben structure is defined, within which the red beds show frequent slump folds, debris flows and internal unconformities. The correlation with several coeval series of the Meseta domain allows us to define a shallow marine, ferruginous clastic Atlas-Meseta Red Beds (AMRB) basin during the Tremadocian-early Floian. The AMRB basin extended between the Meseta coastal block and the Anti-Atlas domain, being limited by the fault zones that became the West Meseta shear zone and the South Meseta fault, respectively, in the Variscan orogen. The AMRB basin compares with the coeval rifted basins of the central Iberian and Armorican massifs. The red beds were likely sourced from the east, from both the Precambrian basement and Early Ordovician magmatic rocks, contrary to the Ordovician deposits of the Sahara platform sourced from the south. Subsidence of the AMRB and central Iberian-Armorican basins of the NW-Gondwana border aborted during the Floian, whereas the opening of the Rheic ocean went on more to the west.
Targeting and mapping expansive soils (Loiret, France): geometrical analysis of laboratory soil spectra in the short-wave infrared domain (1100–2500 nm)
Authors: Dufréchou Grégory , Hohmann Audrey , Bourguignon Anne , Grandjean Gilles 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Short-wave infrared (SWIR: 1100–2500 nm) reflectance spectra of soil samples, acquired under laboratory-controlled conditions, were used to estimate the swelling potentials of the soils and to use SWIR spectroscopy to improve a part of the swelling-risk map of France. A total of 332 samples were collected to the west of Orléans (France) in various geological formations and swelling-risk areas and along two (eastern and western) transects with different samples spacings. Comparisons between the swelling potentials of the soils and the swelling-risk areas of the map exhibit good correlation in the south of the sampling area; however, there are several inconsistencies in the north of the study area that highlight the necessity of locally redrawing the accepted swelling-risk map of France. The sampling interval (approximately 260 m) along the eastern transect was too sparse and does not appear to have effectively captured the smallest and/or isolated lithologies. The sampling interval along the western transect (approximately 50 m) revealed the presence of an unmapped swelling-potential zone, which was confirmed by several soil samples. The sample interval along the western transect appears to be more suitable for mapping the smallest lithologies. The presence of several samples in close proximity that exhibit the same swelling potential is a robust indication of the presence of a zone with constant swelling potential. A new swelling-risk map of the sampling area was produced based on the soil samples. The map produced by interpolation did not permit the representation of discrete lithological units, introduced spurious swelling-risk zones that however could be representative of tillage in agricultural zones. More samples are therefore needed to produce a reliable map on the scale of the sampling area. According to swelling potential uncertainty related to soil sampling and soil treatment, spectroscopy-based approach proposed here cannot be used to replace the existing swelling-risk map of France. This method permits however the rapid and low-cost estimation of the swell potentials of a large number of samples, which could be used at regional-scale to target areas where doubt remains or where infrastructure damages attributed to swelling behavior are known. At local scale, soil samples need to be properly and laboratory treated to accurately produce local revised and detailed swelling-risk maps.
Controlled Release Urea Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Wheat and Corn
Authors: Geng Jibiao , Chen Jianqiu , Sun Yunbao , Zheng Wenkui , Tian Xiaofei , Yang Yuechao , Li Chengliang , Zhang Min 
Published: May 2016

Nitrogen fertilizer is important for improving wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) yields, but inappropriate application methods and excessive amounts lead to low N use efficiency and high N losses through leaching. To investigate the effects of controlled‐release urea (CRU) on crop yield and soil fertility, a field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2014 in China. The 100% (180 kg ha−1) and 70% (126 kg ha−1) of the local practice N rates with CRU and urea were used. The results revealed that the release curves of CRU in the natural field corresponded well to the N requirements of wheat and corn plants, and a positive linear correlation was observed between release rates and days after buried in soil. Consequently, the CRU treatments achieved significantly higher wheat and corn yield by 8 to 12% and 9 to 11%, respectively, compared with urea treatments at the same N rate. Reducing N rate of CRU by 30% produced the same yield as with the 100% N rate of urea. The agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was significantly increased and the leaching of soil N was reduced by CRU. The acidification rates and leaching of exchangeable Ca2+, K+, Na+ contents were reduced, base saturation and available P improved by application of CRU compared with urea. Therefore, the results suggested that a 30% decrease of CRU in the recommended application rate of N, can be an effective measure to save consumption input of N fertilizer.Core Ideas

Nitrogen release rates of controlled‐release urea in field condition corresponded well to the N uptake of crop plants.
A 30% decrease in the application rate of N is possible with controlled‐release urea compared to urea.
The application of controlled‐release urea increased crop yield, N use efficiency, net farm profit, and soil fertility.
Climate and Management Factors Influence Soybean Yield Potential in a Subtropical Environment
Authors: Zanon Alencar Junior , Streck Nereu Augusto , Grassini Patricio 
Published: May 2016

The interactive influence of climate and management factors on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield potential has not been investigated in subtropical production environments. Such information can help fine tune current soybean management practices to increase yield and resource‐use efficiency and to minimize risk. The objective of this study was to identify key biophysical and management factors governing variation in soybean yield potential in southern Brazil. To accomplish that objective, we used a large database on soybean yield and phenology collected from a combination of on‐farm and research‐station experiments conducted during four crop growing seasons (2011–2015) in Rio Grande do Sul (southern Brazil). The database portrayed a wide range of weather conditions, soil types, water regimes, sowing dates, and cultivar maturity groups (MGs). Water supply and photothermal quotient explained most of yield variation across site‐years. A boundary function was derived for the relationship between soybean yield and water supply, and an attainable water productivity of 9.1 kg grain ha−1 mm−1. A seasonal water supply of ∼800 mm appeared sufficient to maximize seed yield, and most late‐sown crops fell short of this value. Late‐sown crops were also exposed to a lower photothermal quotient during reproductive stages, and this explained the yield penalty of 26 kg ha−1 d−1 of sowing delay after 4 November observed for non‐water‐limited crops. Sowing date, accompanied by proper selection of cultivar MG and determination of soil water status at sowing time, appear to be the most cost‐effective management practices to ensure a high photothermal quotient and low risk of water deficit during reproductive stages and, therefore, a high yield potential in the subtropical environment of southern Brazil.Core Ideas

Water supply and photothermal quotient explained most yield variation across site‐years.
A seasonal water supply of ∼800 mm appeared sufficient to maximize seed yield.
Sowing delay after 4 Nov. decreased yield potential by 26 kg ha−1 d−1.
Nutritional and Environmental Effects on Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Cattle Housing: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Bougouin Adeline , Leytem April , Dijkstra Jan , Dungan Robert S. , Kebreab Ermias 
Published: May 2016

Nitrogen excreted in dairy manure can be potentially transformed and emitted as NH3, which can create livestock and human respiratory problems and be an indirect source of N2O. The objectives of this study were to: (i) investigate environmental factors influencing NH3 emissions from dairy housing; and (ii) identify key explanatory variables in the NH3 emissions prediction from dairy housing using a meta‐analytical approach. Data from 25 studies were used for the preliminary analysis, and data from 10 studies reporting 87 treatment means were used for the meta‐analysis. Season and flooring type significantly affected NH3 emissions. For nutritional effect analysis, the between‐study variability (heterogeneity) of mean NH3 emission was estimated using random‐effect models and had a significant effect (P < 0.01). Therefore, random‐effect models were extended to mixed‐effect models to explain heterogeneity regarding the available dietary and animal variables. The final mixed‐effect model included milk yield, dietary crude protein, and dry matter intake separately, explaining 45.5% of NH3 emissions heterogeneity. A unit increase in milk yield (kg d−1) resulted in a 4.9 g cow−1 d−1 reduction in NH3 emissions, and a unit increase in dietary crude protein content (%) and dry matter intake (kg d−1) resulted in 10.2 and 16.3 g cow−1 d−1 increases in NH3 emissions, respectively, in the scope of this study. These results can be further used to help identify mitigation strategies to reduce NH3 emissions from dairy housing by developing predictive models that could determine variables with strong association with NH3 emissions.Core Ideas
Season and flooring type significantly affected NH3 emission rates.
Open lots had the highest emissions in this study but the lowest by USEPA.
Crude protein and dry matter intake had positive impacts on NH3 emissions.
Milk yield had negative impacts on NH3 emissions.
Microbial Community and Chemical Characteristics of Swine Manure during Maturation
Authors: Trabue Steven L. , Kerr Brian J. , Bearson Bradley L. , Hur Manhoi , Parkin Timothy , Wurtele Eve S. , Ziemer Cherrie J. 
Published: May 2016

Swine diet formulations have the potential to lower animal emissions, including odor and ammonia (NH3). The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of manure storage duration on manure chemical and microbial properties in swine feeding trials. Three groups of 12 pigs were fed a standard corn–soybean meal diet over a 13‐wk period. Urine and feces were collected at each feeding and transferred to 12 manure storage tanks. Manure chemical characteristics and headspace gas concentrations were monitored for NH3, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), volatile fatty acids, phenols, and indoles. Microbial analysis of the stored manure included plate counts, community structure (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis), and metabolic function (Biolog). All odorants in manure and headspace gas concentrations were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated for length of storage using quadratic equations, peaking after Week 5 for all headspace gases and most manure chemical characteristics. Microbial community structure and metabolic utilization patterns showed continued change throughout the 13‐wk trial. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis species diversity patterns declined significantly (p < 0.01) with time as substrate utilization declined for sugars and certain amino acids, but functionality increased in the utilization of short chain fatty acids as levels of these compounds increased in manure. Studies to assess the effect of swine diet formulations on manure emissions for odor need to be conducted for a minimum of 5 wk. Efforts to determine the impact of diets on greenhouse gas emissions will require longer periods of study (>13 wk).Core Ideas
Emissions of odorants from manure stabilized after 5 wk in a swine feeding trial.
Microbial numbers and species diversity declined significantly with manure storage.
Manure chemical properties influence the microbial community metabolic functions.
Emissions of GHG from manure never stabilized throughout the 13‐wk feeding trial.
Using the Provenance of Sediment and Bioavailable Phosphorus to Help Mitigate Water Quality Impact in an Agricultural Catchment
Authors: McDowell R. W. , Norris M. , Cox N. 
Published: May 2016

The quality and health of surface waters can be impaired by sediment and sediment‐bound phosphorus (P). The Waituna Lagoon catchment in southern New Zealand has undergone agricultural intensification that has been linked to increases in sediment and sediment‐bound bioavailable P (BAP) in the lagoon. Time‐integrated samplers trapped suspended sediment from the water column, and their geochemical signature was compared with likely sources (stream banks, stream beds, topsoil, and subsoil) in each of the lagoon's contributing streams and rivers. The proportion of BAP, but not necessarily total P, within trapped sediment was much greater in samples from the Moffat and Carran Creeks than from the Waituna Creek, probably due to the erosion of organic‐rich soils that had little capacity to retain P compared with the more mineral soils of the Waituna Creek. Annually, most BAP and sediment came from bank erosion, and strategies such as fencing out stock should focus on minimizing this throughout the catchment. However, when considering losses in space and time relative to the impact on the Waituna Lagoon, strategies the Waituna Creek catchment should also minimize contributions from topsoil in winter‐spring, whereas in the Carran and Moffat Creek catchments strategies need to decrease P inputs (e.g., effluent) to Organic soils likely to lose much BAP in summer‐autumn when the impact on the Lagoon is quickest. This study highlighted the need to identify sources and timings of BAP and sediment loss before recommending mitigation practices, which without this information may be slow or not succeed.Core Ideas
The water quality of coastal lagoons is affected by sediment and P inputs.
Knowing the provenance of sediment and BAP can help target strategies to mitigate loss.
Organic‐rich soils lost more BAP but less sediment than mineral soils.
Mitigating erosion and P form mineral soils should focus on stream banks and topsoil.
Losses from Organic soils were from many sources; overall P inputs should be lowered.
Soil Gas Diffusivity Controls N2O and N2 Emissions and their Ratio
Authors: Balaine Nimlesh , Clough Tim J. , Beare Mike H. , Thomas Steve M , Meenken Esther D. 
Published: May 2016

Core Ideas
Relative gas diffusivity controls both N2O and N2 emissions.
Relative gas diffusivity integrates the effects of soil bulk density and matric potential.
Nitrogen use efficiency is likely to be driven by soil physics.
Knowledge of soil biological and physical interactions with respect to N2O and N2 fluxes is essential to ensure that agricultural land management is environmentally and economically sustainable. This study determined how varying soil relative gas diffusivity (Dp/Do) affected cumulative N2O and N2 fluxes under simulated ruminant urinary‐N deposition. Using repacked soil cores, the effects of varying soil bulk density (ρb; from 1.1 to 1.5 Mg m−3) and soil matric potential (ψ; −10 to −0.2 kPa) on Dp/Do were examined in a Templeton silt loam soil (Udic Haplustept) following the application of simulated ruminant urine (700 kg N ha−1). Fluxes of N2O and N2, soil inorganic N, pH, and dissolved organic C (DOC) dynamics were monitored over 35 d. Soil Dp/Do declined as soil bulk density and soil moisture increased. Soil N2O emissions increased exponentially as Dp/Do decreased until Dp/Do equaled 0.005, where upon N2O fluxes decreased rapidly due to complete denitrification, such that N2 fluxes reached a maximum of 60% of N applied at a Dp/Do of <0.005. Regression analysis showed that Dp/Do was better able to explain the variation in N2O and N2 fluxes than water‐filled pore space (WFPS) because it accounted for the interaction of soil ρb and ψ. This study demonstrates that soil Dp/Do can explain cumulative N2O and N2 emissions from agricultural soils. Under grazed pasture systems, potential exists to reduce the emissions of the greenhouse gas N2O and significant economic losses of N as N2 if soil management and irrigation can be maintained to maximize Dp/Do.
Correlation of the venous angioarchitecture of multiple cerebral cavernous malformations with familial or sporadic disease: a susceptibility-weighted imaging study with 7-Tesla MRI
Authors: Dammann Philipp , Wrede Karsten , Zhu Yuan , Matsushige Toshinori , Maderwald Stefan , Umutlu Lale , Quick Harald H. , Hehr Ute , Rath Matthias , Ladd Mark E. , Felbor Ute , Sure Ulrich 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
Multiple cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are rare lesions that occur in sporadic or familial form. Depending on the disease form, the natural history and treatment of the lesions strongly vary. Molecular analysis of an underlying germline mutation (CCM1–3) is the most sensitive screening method to distinguish between sporadic and familial cases. However, based on the different pathomechanisms that are believed to be involved in either form, significant distinctions in the CCM-associated cerebral venous angioarchitecture should be detectable. This has not been systematically studied.

METHODS
A consecutive series of 28 patients with multiple CCMs (681 total) diagnosed on 1.5-T MRI underwent genetic screening for CCM1–3 mutations and high-resolution susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) of the cerebral venous angioarchitecture with 7-T MRI. Imaging data were analyzed to examine the CCM-associated venous angioarchitecture. Results were correlated with findings of molecular analysis for CCM1–3 mutations.

RESULTS
Two different SWI patterns (sporadic and familial) were found. The presence of associated developmental venous anomalies correlated with negative screening for germline mutations (11 sporadic) in all cases. All patients with confirmed familial disease showed normal underlying venous angioarchitecture. Additionally, a very unusual case of a probable somatic mutation is presented.

CONCLUSIONS
The SWI results of the venous angioarchitecture of multiple CCMs correlate with sporadic or familial disease. These results are consistent with the theory that venous anomalies are causative for the sporadic form of multiple CCMs.