bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder organizations in the European higher education area: exploring transnational policy dynamic
Authors: Vukasovic Martina 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The study focuses on multi-level and multi-actor characteristics of European governance, concentrating on six European stakeholder organizations in the area of higher education (HE) and research. It analyses how policy positions change over time and how such changes can be accounted for, juxtaposing (1) environmental influence linked to structuration of the European HE policy arena as an organizational field and (2) internal organizational dynamic. Policy positions are seen to comprise three elements – policy issues, policy preferences and normative basis. Theoretically, the study is grounded in policy analysis, interest groups and neo-institutionalism. The empirical material consists of policy documents, subjected to both quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The study identifies changes in policy positions of stakeholder organizations, resulting in both differences and similarities, though the latter do not emerge over time in a way that suggests straightforward convergence. Thus, further research into specificities of policy-making processes within these organizations is necessary.
U.S. state higher education appropriations: assessing the relationships between agency politicization, centralization, and volatility
Authors: Lacy T Austin , Fowles Jacob , Tandberg David A , Hu Shouping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractResearch into state appropriations across the United States frequently examines the influence of socio-demographic characteristics and political characteristics on particular levels of funding. We extend this literature to examine the year-to-year volatility of funding in order to test hypotheses surrounding the interlocks among multiple actors in the political stage. Our findings suggest that, when state higher education leaders are politically close to governors and have no formal budgetary power they capture more revenue volatility.
Policy learning, motivated scepticism, and the politics of shale gas development in British Columbia and Quebec
Authors: Montpetit Éric , Lachapelle Erick 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
What is policy learning and how do we know when we observe it? This article develops an original way of operationalizing policy learning at the individual and subsystem level. First, it juxtaposes four types of opinion change at the individual level – opinion shifting; opinion softening; position-taking and opinion hardening. This last change, we argue is indicative of motivated scepticism, a non-learning process that we borrow from public opinion studies. Second, we identify factors associated with opinion change and argue that some of them indicate policy learning, while others point to motivated scepticism. Lastly, we examine learning and motivated scepticism against patterns of opinion convergence (the expected outcome of learning) and polarization (the expected outcome of motivated scepticism) at the subsystem level. We illustrate the use of this approach to study policy learning with the case of shale gas development in two Canadian provinces, British Columbia and Quebec. While, we find clear signs of individual learning and motivated scepticism in both provinces, we find that policy learning is more prevalent in Quebec than in British Columbia at the subsystem level.
Cognition and policy change: the consistency of policy learning in the advocacy coalition framework
Authors: Moyson Stéphane 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPolicy actors involved in decision-making processes interact and gradually accumulate evidence about policy problems and solutions. As a result, they update their policy beliefs and preferences over time. This process of policy learning is consistent if policy preferences are aligned with any adaptations in beliefs about policy outcomes – a crucial condition of learning-induced policy changes. This article examines whether and when policy learning is consistent based on regression analyses conducted on data from a 2012 survey of 293 Belgian actors involved in the European liberalization policy process for the rail and electricity sectors. In line with the advocacy coalition framework, existing research has suggested that motivated modes of reasoning, such as selective exposure and biased assimilation, influence policy actors’ attitudes and behaviours. This study isolates the effect of biased assimilation on policy learning by demonstrating that when policy actors adapt their beliefs about policy outcomes, they do not necessarily align their policy preferences with those adaptations. Furthermore, biased assimilation is higher among politically curious actors, but their degree of commitment to the policy process does not appear to play a role. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Policy learning and policy change: theorizing their relations from different perspectives
Authors: Moyson Stéphane , Scholten Peter , Weible Christopher M 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
All politics and policy issues involve the accumulation of data about problems and solutions in context of social interactions. Drawing on these data, policy actors acquire, translate, and disseminate new information and knowledge toward achieving political endeavors and for revising or strengthening their policy-related beliefs over time. ‘Policy learning’ is a concept that refers to this cognitive and social dynamic. Articles in this special issue examine the relationship between policy learning and policy change from different theoretical perspectives. In this introduction to the special issue, we describe the current approaches that structure the field and gaps in knowledge separating policy learning and policy change. We introduce a refined conceptual framework to outline and compare the articles in the issue. These articles point to several facets of the learning phenomenon. First, the articles focus on the nature and consequences of learning by specific groups of society, such as advocacy coalitions, epistemic communities, citizens, street-level bureaucrats, and policy brokers. Second, they present learning processes in which information and experience are used to acquire new knowledge on policy objectives to substantiate and legitimize them or to change or form beliefs. Third, they identify several cognitive and social processes to strengthen the connection between policy learning and policy change. Finally, the articles point to several psychological, social, and institutional factors fostering or impeding these cognitive and social processes. This introduction concludes with avenues for future research.
Three competing interpretations of policy problems: tame and wicked problems through the lenses of population aging
Authors: Marier Patrik , Van Pevenage Isabelle 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis contribution presents competing lenses of population aging as policy problems and it compares their impact on the treatment of policy problems. Three lenses are analysed: intergenerational, biomedical and social gerontological. The intergenerational lens treats population aging as a new form of class conflict along age groups. The social gerontological lens claims that population aging is first and foremost a social issue and it stands in opposition to the dominance of biomedical approaches that treat aging as a pathology. The presence of these three alternative conceptions of the policy problem is indicative of the complexity surrounding population aging and the importance of having divergent definitions of policy problems. Via an analysis of informal care giving in the Canadian context, this contribution also presents a comparison of the three lenses with a focus on the roots of these conceptualisations in various disciplines, their prevalence in various public organisations, and the policy consequences of their strength or weakness.
Radio emission from the X-ray pulsar Her X-1: a jet launched by a strong magnetic field neutron star?
Authors: van den Eijnden J , Degenaar N , Russell T D , Miller-Jones J C A , Wijnands R , Miller J M , King A L , Rupen M P 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Her X-1 is an accreting neutron star (NS) in an intermediate-mass X-ray binary. Like low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), it accretes via Roche lobe overflow, but similar to many high-mass X-ray binaries containing a NS; Her X-1 has a strong magnetic field and slow spin. Here, we present the discovery of radio emission from Her X-1 with the Very Large Array. During the radio observation, the central X-ray source was partially obscured by a warped disc. We measure a radio flux density of 38.7 ± 4.8 μJy at 9 GHz but cannot constrain the spectral shape. We discuss possible origins of the radio emission, and conclude that coherent emission, a stellar wind, shocks and a propeller outflow are all unlikely explanations. A jet, as seen in LMXBs, is consistent with the observed radio properties. We consider the implications of the presence of a jet in Her X-1 on jet formation mechanisms and on the launching of jets by NSs with strong magnetic fields.
Predictors of Program Completion and NCLEX-RN Success in an Associate Degree Nursing Program
Authors: Robert Nicole 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Unsuccessful nursing students have a great impact on nursing programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among preadmission HESI A2® (Health Education Systems, Incorporated Admission Assessment) score, science and math course grades, program completion, and NCLEX-RN® success in an associate degree nursing program using a retrospective, correlational research design. A statistically significant relationship was found between preadmission examination scores and successful NCLEX-RN passage on first attempt. Program completion had a positive correlation with preadmission science grades and HESI A2 scores.
Nongonococcal and Nonmeningococcal Neisseria Infection in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Chandra Vinodh , Nanjappa Sowmya , Castro-Borobio Manuel , Greene John N. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Neisseria, of the family Neisseriacea, are gram-negative, nonmotile, and non–spore-forming bacteria. The pathogens Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis have been extensively studied and have long been recognized as human-specific pathogenic bacteria. Other members of the Neisseria genus, are nonpathogenic and are normal inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract. However, recent reports suggest that these normally nonpathogenic bacteria have the potential to produce infection. Cases of Neisseria species causing bacteremia, endocarditis, and pneumonia have been documented, as well as infection in immune-compromised hosts. Currently, there is a paucity of data regarding Neisseria species infection in patients with cancer. We report a case series of nongonococcal and nonmeningococcal Neisseria infection in patients with underlying malignancy to add to this limited body of knowledge and to provide further evidence of the opportunistic potential of these species in immune-compromised hosts.
Disseminated Adenovirus Disease Presenting as Septic Shock in an Immunocompetent Pubertal Girl
Authors: Jeong Esther , Maslyanskaya Sofya , Coupey Susan M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Adenovirus is a common cause of respiratory illness in childhood and is associated with approximately 5% to 15% of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Immunocompetent individuals usually have a mild and self-limited disease course, with syndromes typically including pharyngitis, bronchiolitis, keratoconjunctivitis, otitis media, and gastroenteritis. Neurologic manifestations in immunocompetent children are less common and include aseptic meningitis, myelitis, subacute focal encephalitis, seizures, paralysis, and Reye-like syndrome. Disseminated adenovirus disease is rare in immunocompetent children, occurring in approximately 1% to 1.5% of all cases of adenovirus infection compared with a 12.5% occurrence rate in immunocompromised children. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, disseminated adenovirus disease causing a severe sepsis–like picture in an immunocompetent child has only been described in 1 published report. Here, we present a case of a previously healthy pubertal girl who presented in severe hypotensive shock and who subsequently had adenovirus DNA detected from the cerebrospinal fluid and no other etiology identified.
Primary Peritonitis Due to Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Moftakhar Bahar , Patel Yesha S. , Poblete Jose E. , Myers Joseph P. 
Published: November 2017

Introduction
Primary peritonitis (PP) is peritonitis occurring in patients without underlying causes such as perforated viscus, preexisting ascites, or nephrosis. We report 2 cases of primary Streptococcus pyogenes peritonitis and review the literature on this subject since January 1, 2000.

Case Reports
Patient 1 was a 45-year-old woman who presented to hospital with fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Examination revealed fever, hypotension, epigastric tenderness, and guarding. Computed tomography (CT) scan was negative for signs of perforated viscus. Workup included blood cultures, parenteral antibiotics, and surgical consult. She underwent emergent operative intervention, which revealed generalized peritonitis, cloudy peritoneal fluid, and no evidence of perforated viscus. Blood cultures revealed S. pyogenes. She underwent an unremarkable recovery on parenteral ceftriaxone followed by oral ampicillin. Patient 2 was a 47-year-old woman who presented to hospital with fever, chills, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Physical examination showed fever, hypotension, tachycardia, and diffuse abdominal tenderness but no rebound tenderness. Abdominal CT scan revealed fluid but no free air. Paracentesis revealed purulent fluid, which on Gram-stained smear showed gram-positive cocci in pairs and chains. Blood and peritoneal fluid cultures were positive for S. pyogenes. Exploratory laparotomy by surgical consultant showed purulent fluid and fibrinous exudate with multiple interloop abscesses and no perforated viscus. Postoperatively, she received parenteral penicillin G, transient hemodialysis, and ventilator support with eventual full recovery.

Review of Literature
We reviewed the medical literature from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2016, and found 36 patients with diagnosis of S. pyogenes PP. Despite most of these case reports stating that the occurrence of S. pyogenes PP is “rare,” it seems that it is more common than previously thought. All but 3 patients underwent surgical intervention. All 38 patients presented with physical findings of an acute abdomen. There was no evidence of free air on CT scanning or ultrasound of the 33 patients who underwent one of these imaging techniques. Septic shock was common, and all but 1 patient survived.

Conclusions

Streptococcus pyogenes PP is more common than previously reported, is associated with physical findings of acute abdomen, is usually accompanied by circulatory shock, and is almost always clinically responsive to treatment with operative and antimicrobial agent interventions.
The impact of central-local inter-governmental relations on cultural democracy’s development
Authors: Jiang Xuan , Choi Sun-hee 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe rise of cultural governance has made cultural democracy important in East Asia. South Korea and China have chosen to develop cultural democracy by means of developing community-based cultural houses. Cultural houses in Korea were first managed from the center but have now been decentralized, and those in China have been developed based on local financing and administration. Since central-local intergovernmental relations, as they relate to public culture, have gone untouched in East Asia, the purpose of this paper is to study how central-local intergovernmental relations have impacted the development of cultural democracy in this area, in order to better understand how public culture should be developed.Design/methodology/approachA comparative study of the cases of South Korea and China has been used. The materials and information collected for the study were gathered by a review and an analysis of extant literature, policy documents, data and other materials from the relevant departments of both countries. It was also based on semi-structured interviews conducted with the national cultural departments, regulatory institutions, and with officials and scholars.FindingsThis study shows that central-local intergovernmental relations can have an impact on the management of community-based cultural houses and the effectiveness of cultural democracy’s development. Only complete decentralization that directly invites democratization will provide positive local conditions for cultural democracy’s growth. In short, meaningful governmental responses to local demands and a strong civil society are critical for the advancement of cultural democracy.Practical implicationsThis study seeks to provide insights into the relationship between central-local intergovernmental relations and cultural democracy. At the micro project level, cultural project management should be improved; at the medium local level, the public must be made part of any decentralization effort; and at the macro national level, the multiple impacts caused by decentralization need to be considered.Originality/valueThis study is unique in terms of both its research questions and its research area. Central-local intergovernmental relations, as they relate to public culture, have gone comparatively untouched, especially in the context of East Asia. It is in this context that studying how central-local intergovernmental relations impact the development of cultural democracy is worthwhile, in order to better understand how public culture has developed and will be developed in future. A comparative study of the cases of South Korea and China has been used to discover the impacts of different dimensions of central-local decentralization on cultural development.
Analysis of employability for the civil aviation maintenance graduates of Turkey
Authors: Denizhan Berrin , Doğru Alperen 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
With every passing day, the center of gravity for air traffic for the Middle East and Turkey is shifting toward becoming a center for airway transport, maintenance, repair, overhaul (MRO) and transfer. The MRO sector is gaining importance because of this increase in Turkey. The purpose of this study is to examine the future employability of the graduates receiving civil aviation maintenance training in Turkey.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses past seven years’ data about maintenance personnel of Turkey. It includes all-level students, recently working personnel and retired personnel of each year. Regression analysis and Markov analysis were used to show the prediction of aviation maintenance personnel.

Findings
The paper provides quantitative results about employability of maintenance personnel under the real numbers of alumni and working and retired personnel in Turkey. The results show that the number of graduates will be greater than the number of staff members in certifying categories in 2018. Presently, Turkey meets the employment expected, but in the future, aviation maintenance personnel number is rising, and there will be an excess number of graduates left over in Turkey.

Research limitations/implications
Because of the chosen region, Turkey, the research results may lack generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to conduct analysis for other countries which have an important role in aviation.

Practical implications
The paper includes implications for the government maintenance personnel policy and educational policy for managing all types of maintenance personnel in Turkey.

Originality/value
This kind of personnel needs analysis has not been done before, and this is the originality of this paper. It will in turn lead to an analysis of planning for allocation of maintenance staff and alumni. The authors collected all official numbers about maintenance personnel from Turkish Student Selection and Placement Center of Turkey, Turkish Technic and Turkish Civil Aviation Reports.
Scale dependence of the diversity–stability relationship in a temperate grassland
Authors: Zhang Yunhai , He Nianpeng , Loreau Michel , Pan Qingmin , Han Xingguo 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

A positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability has been reported in many ecosystems; however, it has yet to be determined whether and how spatial scale affects this relationship. Here, for the first time, we assessed the effects of alpha, beta and gamma diversity on ecosystem stability and the scale dependence of the slope of the diversity–stability relationship.

By employing a long‐term (33 years) dataset from a temperate grassland, northern China, we calculated the all possible spatial scales with the complete combination from the basic 1‐m2 plots.

Species richness was positively associated with ecosystem stability through species asynchrony and overyielding at all spatial scales (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m2). Both alpha and beta diversity were positively associated with gamma stability.

Moreover, the slope of the diversity–area relationship was significantly higher than that of the stability–area relationship, resulting in a decline of the slope of the diversity–stability relationship with increasing area.

Synthesis. With the positive species diversity effect on ecosystem stability from small to large spatial scales, our findings demonstrate the need to maintain a high biodiversity and biotic heterogeneity as insurance against the risks incurred by ecosystems in the face of global environmental changes.
Non‐market Social and Political Strategies – New Integrative Approaches and Interdisciplinary Borrowings
Authors: Frynas Jedrzej George , Child John , Tarba Shlomo Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper introduces a special issue of the British Journal of Management on social and political strategies in the non‐market environment. On the one hand, it reviews the extant research on the possible forms of interaction between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategies and Corporate Political Activity (CPA): CSR‐CPA complementarity, CSR‐CPA substitution and mutual exclusion between CPA and CSR. On the other hand, the paper provides an overview of the recent contributions of non‐business disciplines – psychology, sociology, economics, politics and history – to nonmarket scholarship and, above all, the potential future scholarly contributions of these disciplines.