bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Return of neonatal CPAP resistance – the Medijet device family examined using in vitro flow simulations
Authors: Falk Markus , Donaldsson Snorri , Jonsson Baldvin , Drevhammar Thomas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimMedijet nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) generators are a family of devices developed from the Benveniste valve. Previous studies have shown that the in vitro performance of the Medijet disposable generator was similar to the Neopuff resistor system. We hypothesised that resistance would be the main mechanism of CPAP generation in the Medijet disposable generator.MethodsThe in vitro performance of the Medijet reusable and disposable systems, the Neopuff resistor system and the Benveniste and Infant Flow nonresistor systems were investigated using static and dynamic bench tests.ResultsLarge differences in performance were found between the different systems. The disposable Medijet demonstrated high resistance, low pressure stability and high imposed work of breathing. The results also showed that encapsulating the Benveniste valve changed it into a resistor system.ConclusionThe main mechanism of CPAP generation for the disposable Medijet generator was resistance. The Medijet device family showed increasing resistance with each design generation. The high resistance of the Medijet disposable generator could be of great value when examining the clinical importance of pressure stability. Our results suggest that this device should be used cautiously in patients where pressure‐stable CPAP is believed to be clinically important.
Lithium in drinking water and the incidence of bipolar disorder: A nation‐wide population‐based study
Authors: Kessing Lars V , Gerds Thomas A , Knudsen Nikoline N , Jørgensen Lisbeth F , Kristiansen Søren M , Voutchkova Denitza , Ernstsen Vibeke , Schullehner Jörg , Hansen Birgitte , Andersen Per K , Ersbøll Annette K 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveAnimal data suggest that subtherapeutic doses, including micro doses, of lithium may influence mood, and lithium levels in drinking water have been found to correlate with the rate of suicide. It has never been investigated whether consumption of lithium may prevent the development of bipolar disorder (primary prophylaxis). In a nation‐wide population‐based study, we investigated whether long‐term exposure to micro levels of lithium in drinking water correlates with the incidence of bipolar disorder in the general population, hypothesizing an inverse association in which higher long‐term lithium exposure is associated with lower incidences of bipolar disorder.MethodsWe included longitudinal individual geographical data on municipality of residence, data from drinking water lithium measurements and time‐specific data from all cases with a hospital contact with a diagnosis of mania/bipolar disorder from 1995 to 2013 (N=14 820) and 10 age‐ and gender‐matched controls from the Danish population (N= 140 311). Average drinking water lithium exposure was estimated for all study individuals.ResultsThe median of the average lithium exposure did not differ between cases with a diagnosis of mania/bipolar disorder (12.7 μg/L; interquartile range [IQR]: 7.9‐15.5 μg/L) and controls (12.5 μg/L; IQR: 7.6‐15.7 μg/L; P=.2). Further, the incidence rate ratio of mania/bipolar disorder did not decrease with higher long‐term lithium exposure, overall, or within age categories (0‐40, 41‐60 and 61‐100 years of age).ConclusionHigher long‐term lithium exposure from drinking water was not associated with a lower incidence of bipolar disorder. The association should be investigated in areas with higher lithium levels than in Denmark.
Factors influencing ocelot occupancy in Brazilian Atlantic Forest reserves
Authors: L. Massara Rodrigo , Paschoal Ana Maria de Oliveira , L. Bailey Larissa , F. Doherty Paul , Hirsch André , G. Chiarello Adriano 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOver 80% of Atlantic Forest remnants are <50 ha and protected areas are embedded in a matrix dominated by human activities, undermining the long‐term persistence of carnivores. The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is an opportunistic species, but little is known about its tolerance to habitat alterations and the influence of other species on its occupancy in Atlantic Forest remnants. We used camera traps to assess ocelot occupancy in protected areas of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. We found a positive correlation between the occupancy of ocelots and top predators (jaguars, Panthera onca, and pumas, Puma concolor), and a weaker negative effect between the number of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) detected and ocelot occupancy. Ocelot detection was higher at sites with more eucalyptus, suggesting that ocelots frequently use these areas. Better‐protected areas surrounded by permeable matrices may be critical to the persistence of ocelots in the fragmented Atlantic Forest.
What social workers talk about when they talk about child care proceedings in the District Court in Ireland
Authors: Burns Kenneth , O'Mahony Conor , Shore Caroline , Parkes Aisling 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCourt proceedings are a fundamental and increasingly time‐consuming aspect of social work practice. However, to date, there is a relatively modest body of literature considering the experiences of social workers in instituting child care proceedings and giving evidence in court. This paper draws on data gathered as part of an in‐depth qualitative study of professional experiences of District Court child care proceedings in Ireland and presents findings regarding the experiences of social workers in bringing court applications for child protection orders. It seeks to answer 2 key questions: First, how do child protection and welfare social workers experience the adversarial nature of child care proceedings in the District Court? Second, what are the views of child protection and welfare social workers on the strengths and weaknesses of child care proceedings as a decision‐making model for children and young people? The main findings are that social workers expressed significant reservations about the predominantly adversarial model that currently operates in Irish child care proceedings and about the level of respect that social workers are afforded within the operation of the system.
The logical basis for coding ontologically dependent characters
Authors: Vogt Lars 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe coding of dependent morphological characters represents a major methodological problem in phylogenetics. Based on a distinction of semantic and ontological logical character dependency, I suggest how inapplicables can be treated properly and introduce rules of mutually dependent character states, which specify how character states of one character determine character states in its ontologically dependent characters. Using various examples, I discuss a set of general rules that applies independently of whether the ontological dependency results from property instantiation, parthood or subsumption. When implemented in a matrix editor, these rules would significantly facilitate the coding procedure, speed up coding of large matrices and increase overall consistency. If implemented in algorithms for tree reconstruction, the rules would prevent inconsistent reconstructions of ancestral states, which is a common problem with inapplicables. In the second part of the paper I set out to explore the potential of using a semantic framework and semantic techniques for automatically detecting instances of ontological dependency and specific cases of semantic dependency and how they can be applied for automatically coding character state values for ontologically dependent characters using the general rules discussed in the first part of the paper. This approach utilizes graph‐based semantic representations of instance anatomy, which represent ontology‐based descriptions of the anatomical organization of individual organisms.
Classroom biographies: Teaching and learning in evolving material landscapes (c. 1960‐2015)
Authors: Tondeur Jo , Herman Frederik , De Buck Maud , Triquet Karen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDespite growing interest in redesigning the material landscape of education, relatively little is known about the impact of these evolving classrooms. This study aimed to gain insight into the physical learning environment and the potential pedagogical impacts thereof. A ‘biographical approach’ (c.1963‐2015) was used to explore the long‐term socio‐material landscapes where teachers and pupils, classroom material and spatiality, and teaching practices were entangled. Stimulated recall interviews were conducted in Flanders (Belgium) with primary school teachers. Teacher‐generated floorplans detailing their material classroom over time, transcribed oral accounts elaborating on these, and supportive data sources were aggregated and analysed by theme. The resulting identification of six key themes shed light on the evolving architectural and infrastructural developments, as well as triggers and teaching impacts thereof amongst the interviewed teachers. Findings show that negative school evaluations urging school intervention, and teachers’ proactive engagement within their classrooms, were the main catalysts of change. Moreover, evolving classroom layouts, in addition to the affordances of upgraded equipment, can be associated to changes in teachers’ practices. It can be concluded that the classroom is becoming an action context as the result of the inextricable mediating agencies identified.
Differential activation of neuronal and glial STAT3 in the spinal cord of the SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Ohgomori Tomohiro , Yamasaki Ryo , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Kadomatsu Kenji , Kira Jun‐ichi , Jinno Shozo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSignal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are activated by phosphorylation in the spinal cord of patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The major scope of our study is a comprehensive histological characterization of the mechanisms underlying neuronal and glial STAT3 activation in the pathogenesis of ALS using SOD1G93A mice. We calculated the fold changes (FCs, ratios vs. appropriate controls) of the numerical densities of the following phosphorylated STAT3‐positive (pSTAT3)+ cells – choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)+ α‐motoneurons, ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1)+ microglia, and S100β+ astrocytes in SOD1G93A mice. The FCs of pSTAT3+ microglia and pSTAT3+ astrocytes were increased from 9 to 15 weeks of age and then plateaued until 21 weeks. In contrast, the FCs of pSTAT3+ α‐motoneurons peaked at 9 weeks and then decreased until 21 weeks. The immunoreactivity for nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein (SMI‐32), a marker of axonal impairment, was decreased in pSTAT3+ α‐motoneurons compared with pSTAT3− α‐motoneurons at 9 weeks of age. We then compared the following pharmacological models – the chronic administration of 3,3′‐iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), which models axonal impairment, and the acute administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a model of neuroinflammation. The FCs of pSTAT3+ α‐motoneurons were increased in IDPN‐treated mice, while those of pSTAT3+ microglia were increased in LPS‐treated mice. The FCs of pSTAT3+ astrocytes were higher in SOD1G93A mice at 9 weeks compared with IDPN‐ and LPS‐treated mice. Our results indicate that axonopathy and neuroinflammation may trigger the respective activation of neuronal and glial STAT3, which is observed during ALS pathogenesis.
Drosophila mutants lacking octopamine exhibit impairment in aversive olfactory associative learning
Authors: Iliadi Konstantin G. , Iliadi Natalia , Boulianne Gabrielle L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOctopamine is a biogenic amine in invertebrates that is considered a functional homolog of vertebrate norepinephrine, acting as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator and neurohormone. Octopamine regulates many physiological processes such as metabolism, reproduction and different types of behaviour including learning and memory. Previous studies in insects led to the notion that acquisition of an olfactory memory depends on the octopaminergic system during appetitive (reward‐based) learning, but not in the case of aversive (punishment‐based) learning. Here, we provide several lines of evidence demonstrating that aversive associative olfactory learning in Drosophila is also dependent on octopamine signalling. Specifically, we used Drosophila Tβh (tyramine‐β‐hydroxylase) mutants, which lack octopamine and are female sterile, to determine whether octopamine plays a role in aversive learning. We show that Tβh mutant flies exhibit a significant reduction in learning compared to control lines that is independent of either genetic background or the methods used to induce aversive olfactory memory. We also show that the learning deficits observed in Tβh mutants are not due to defects in sensorimotor behaviours. Finally, to unambiguously demonstrate that octopamine synthesis plays a role in aversive olfactory learning, we performed rescue experiments using the Gal4/UAS system. We show that expression of UAS‐Tβh in octopamine/tyraminergic neurons using Tdc2‐Gal4 in Tβh null mutant flies fully rescued both the aversive learning defects and female sterility observed in Tβh mutants.
Looking for laws in all the wrong spaces: Kant on laws, the understanding, and space
Authors: Messina James Anthony 
Published: July 2017

AbstractProlegomena §38 is intended to elucidate the claim that the understanding legislates a priori laws to nature (the ‘Legislation Thesis’). Kant cites various laws of geometry as examples and discusses a derivation of the inverse‐square law from such laws. I address 4 key interpretive questions about this cryptic text that have not yet received satisfying answers: (a) How exactly are Kant's examples of laws supposed to elucidate the Legislation Thesis? (b) What is Kant's view of the epistemic status of the inverse‐square law and, relatedly, of the legitimacy of the geometric derivation of that law? (c) Whose account of laws, the understanding, and space is Kant critiquing in the passage? (d) What positive account of the relationship between laws, the understanding, and space is Kant offering in the passage? My answer to (d) depends crucially on my answers to (a)–(c). As I interpret Kant, he holds that a wide range of a priori laws—including geometric laws, the inverse‐square law, and the universal laws discussed in the Analytic of Principles—are ‘grounded’ (a technical term defined in the paper) in categorial syntheses rather than the intrinsic nature of the space given to us in pure intuition.
Nocturnal seizures are associated with more severe hypoxemia and increased risk of postictal generalized EEG suppression
Authors: Latreille Véronique , Abdennadher Myriam , Dworetzky Barbara A. , Ramel Judith , White David , Katz Eliot , Zarowski Marcin , Kothare Sanjeev , Pavlova Milena 
Published: July 2017

SummaryPatients with epilepsy have 20‐fold risk of sudden death when compared to the general population. Uncontrolled seizures is the most consistent risk factor, and death often occurs at night or in relation to sleep. We examined seizure‐related respiratory disturbances in sleep versus wakefulness, focusing on periictal oxygen saturation. Respiratory measures were examined in 48 recorded seizures (sleep, n = 23, wake, n = 25) from 20 adult patients with epilepsy. Seizures from sleep were associated with lower saturation, as compared to seizures from wakefulness, both during ictal (sleep median = 90.8, wake median = 95.5; p < 0.01) and postictal periods (sleep median = 94.3, wake median = 96.9; p = 0.05). Compared to wake‐related seizures, seizures from sleep were also associated with a larger desaturation drop (sleep median = −4.2, wake median = −1.2; p = 0.01). Postictal generalized electroencephalography (EEG) suppression (PGES) occurred more frequently after seizures from sleep (39%), as compared to wake‐related seizures (8%, p = 0.01). Our findings suggest that nocturnal seizures may entail a higher sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) severity burden, as they are associated with more severe and longer hypoxemia events, and more frequently followed by PGES, both factors implicated in sudden death.
Altered metabolomic–genomic signature: A potential noninvasive biomarker of epilepsy
Authors: Wu Helen C. , Dachet Fabien , Ghoddoussi Farhad , Bagla Shruti , Fuerst Darren , Stanley Jeffrey A. , Galloway Matthew P. , Loeb Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryObjectiveThis study aimed to identify noninvasive biomarkers of human epilepsy that can reliably detect and localize epileptic brain regions. Having noninvasive biomarkers would greatly enhance patient diagnosis, patient monitoring, and novel therapy development. At the present time, only surgically invasive, direct brain recordings are capable of detecting these regions with precision, which severely limits the pace and scope of both clinical management and research progress in epilepsy.MethodsWe compared high versus low or nonspiking regions in nine medically intractable epilepsy surgery patients by performing integrated metabolomic–genomic–histological analyses of electrically mapped human cortical regions using high‐resolution magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cDNA microarrays, and histological analysis.ResultsWe found a highly consistent and predictive metabolite logistic regression model with reduced lactate and increased creatine plus phosphocreatine and choline, suggestive of a chronically altered metabolic state in epileptic brain regions. Linking gene expression, cellular, and histological differences to these key metabolites using a hierarchical clustering approach predicted altered metabolic vascular coupling in the affected regions. Consistently, these predictions were validated histologically, showing both neovascularization and newly discovered, millimeter‐sized microlesions.SignificanceUsing a systems biology approach on electrically mapped human cortex provides new evidence for spatially segregated, metabolic derangements in both neurovascular and synaptic architecture in human epileptic brain regions that could be a noninvasively detectable biomarker of epilepsy. These findings both highlight the immense power of a systems biology approach and identify a potentially important role that magnetic resonance spectroscopy can play in the research and clinical management of epilepsy.
Profiling the immunome of little brown myotis provides a yardstick for measuring the genetic response to white‐nose syndrome
Authors: Donaldson Michael E. , Davy Christina M. , Willis Craig K. R. , McBurney Scott , Park Allysia , Kyle Christopher J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhite‐nose syndrome (WNS) has devastated populations of hibernating bats in eastern North America, leading to emergency conservation listings for several species including the previously ubiquitous little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus). However, some bat populations near the epicenter of the WNS panzootic appear to be stabilizing after initial precipitous declines, which could reflect a selective immunogenetic sweep. To investigate the hypothesis that WNS exerts significant selection on the immunome of affected bat populations, we developed a novel, high‐throughput sequence capture assay targeting 138 adaptive, intrinsic, and innate immunity genes of putative adaptive significance, as well as their respective regulatory regions (~370 kbp of genomic sequence/individual). We used the assay to explore baseline immunogenetic variation in M. lucifugus and to investigate whether particular immune genes/variants are associated with WNS susceptibility. We also used our assay to detect 1,038 putatively neutral single nucleotide polymorphisms and characterize contemporary population structure, providing context for the identification of local immunogenetic adaptation. Sequence capture provided a cost‐effective, “all‐in‐one” assay to test for neutral genetic and immunogenetic structure and revealed fine‐scale, baseline immunogenetic differentiation between sampling sites <600 km apart. We identified functional immunogenetic variants in M. lucifugus associated with WNS susceptibility. This study lays the foundations for future investigations of rangewide immunogenetic adaptation to WNS in M. lucifugus and provides a blueprint for studies of evolutionary rescue in other host–pathogen systems.
Initial experience with high dose rate brachytherapy of periorbital sarcoids in the horse
Authors: Hollis A. R. , Berlato D. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryPeriorbital sarcoids are a common condition in the horse and are difficult to treat due to their location and invasive nature. Radiotherapy is considered the gold standard treatment, and high dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB) may represent a safer and more effective method of delivering radiotherapy in the standing sedated horse. The objective of this retrospective clinical case series study was to describe the response rate and safety of HDRB for the treatment of periorbital sarcoids in the horse. Horses and ponies referred for HDRB treatment of confirmed periorbital sarcoids were eligible for inclusion in the study. Sarcoids were confirmed via clinical diagnosis and biopsy. Horses were given 2 fractions of 12.5 Gy per fraction, delivered a week apart, under standing sedation via a novel HDRB technique. Eight horses with periorbital sarcoids were treated with HDRB under standing sedation. A complete response occurred in all cases. No significant acute adverse effects were noted after treatment and the cosmetic result was excellent, with permanent epilation and leucotrichia the only long‐term sequelae. Follow‐up was available for between 10 and 12 months after treatment. The major limitation of this study is the lack of long‐term follow‐up and the small case numbers. It was concluded that HDRB appears to be an effective and safe method of treating periorbital sarcoids in the horse. Long‐term follow‐up is required to determine the risk of recurrence of treated lesions.
The facilitation of the native bluegill sunfish by the invasive bighead carp
Authors: Collins Scott F. , Nelson Kirsten A. , DeBoom Corey S. , Wahl David H. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Communities of organisms are shaped by a complex suite of positive and negative species interactions. Ecological phenomena like biological invasions typically evoke notions of negative effects on native communities. Yet, negative effects within specific food‐web components can also have positive feedbacks that manifest elsewhere within the food web.

We designed an experiment to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of invasive bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis: Cyprinidae) on planktonic and benthic invertebrates and the growth and survival of juvenile bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus: Centrarchidae).

Our experiment indicated that the presence of bighead carp indirectly facilitated bluegill growth and survival. The underlying processes driving predator–predator facilitation stemmed from a combination of indirect interactions occurring through invertebrates in planktonic and vegetated habitats. Individual bluegill consumed more cladocerans and predatory macroinvertebrates in the presence of bighead carp. The presence of bighead carp appears to have indirectly influenced interactions among cladocerans, invertebrate predators, and bluegill.

Understanding the cumulative direct and indirect effects of bigheaded carp on aquatic ecosystems requires the documentation of both negative and positive effects. Although one taxon benefitted from the presence of an invader, our findings demonstrate that this response occurred because bigheaded carp caused imbalances within the food web. We urge that future studies consider a priori how positive and negative interspecific interactions shape the structure of food webs.