bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple imputation for IPD meta‐analysis: allowing for heterogeneity and studies with missing covariates
Authors: Quartagno M. , Carpenter J. R. 
Published: December 2015

Recently, multiple imputation has been proposed as a tool for individual patient data meta‐analysis with sporadically missing observations, and it has been suggested that within‐study imputation is usually preferable. However, such within study imputation cannot handle variables that are completely missing within studies. Further, if some of the contributing studies are relatively small, it may be appropriate to share information across studies when imputing. In this paper, we develop and evaluate a joint modelling approach to multiple imputation of individual patient data in meta‐analysis, with an across‐study probability distribution for the study specific covariance matrices. This retains the flexibility to allow for between‐study heterogeneity when imputing while allowing (i) sharing information on the covariance matrix across studies when this is appropriate, and (ii) imputing variables that are wholly missing from studies. Simulation results show both equivalent performance to the within‐study imputation approach where this is valid, and good results in more general, practically relevant, scenarios with studies of very different sizes, non‐negligible between‐study heterogeneity and wholly missing variables. We illustrate our approach using data from an individual patient data meta‐analysis of hypertension trials. © 2015 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Die Ermittelung des Basizitätsverhältnisses von Samarium und Gadolinium durch quantitative Röntgenanalysen
Authors: Günther Paul , Kotowski Alfons , Lehl Herbert 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIm Gebiete der Seltenen Erden (von der Ordnungszahl 57–64) sind quantitative röntgenanalytische Bestimmungen durch Vergleichung der wahren Intensität der Lα1‐Linien gelegentlich mit großer Genauigkeit, in vielen Fällen aber ohne große Febler ausführbar, wenn die Atomkonzentrationen den Linienintensitäten proportional gesetzt werden. Die wahren Linienintensitäten müssen aus den beobachteten photographischen Schwärzungen berechnet werden. Besonders genau analysierbar sind Gemische von Praseodym und Neodym, während besonders ungunstig die Analysenergebnisse bei cerhaltigen Gemischen ausfallen.
Strukturelle Hirnfehlbildungen mit Mikrozephalie
Authors: Herbst Saskia M. , Schuierer Gerhard , Hehr Ute 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung
Hirnfehlbildungen sind ein häufiger Befund bei Mikrozephalien, ihr Nachweis erhöht die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer genetisch bedingten Grunderkrankung. Werden weitere Zusatzsymptome wie Entwicklungsverzögerung oder Epilepsie beobachtet, sollte frühzeitig eine zerebrale Bildgebung möglichst mittels MRT und neuroradiologischer Beurteilung veranlasst werden. Insbesondere Hinweise auf eine Holoprosenzephalie oder neuronale Migrationsstörungen können die Einleitung zielführender genetischer Untersuchungen bahnen. In diesem Artikel sollen für häufigere Formen syndromaler und nicht-syndromaler Mikrozephalien mit wichtigen neuroradiologischen Leitbefunden wie periventrikulären Heterotopien, Lissenzephalie, Double Cortex, Holoprosenzephalie, pontozerebelläre Hypoplasien und Agenesie oder Hypoplasie des Corpus callosum differenzialdiagnostische Überlegungen und diagnostische Algorithmen vorgestellt werden.
Clinical relevance of circulating KRAS mutated DNA in plasma from patients with advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Tjensvoll Kjersti , Lapin Morten , Buhl Tove , Oltedal Satu , Steen-Ottosen Berry Katrine , Gilje Bjørnar , Søreide Jon Arne , Javle Millind , Nordgård Oddmund , Smaaland Rune 
Published: December 2015

We used KRAS mutations to investigate the clinical relevance of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) measurements in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Fifty‐three blood samples were collected from 14 prospectively recruited patients prior to chemotherapy (gemcitabine or FOLFIRINOX) and subsequently every month during treatment. Samples were processed by density centrifugation and plasma DNA isolation. A Peptide–nucleic acid–clamp PCR was then used to detect KRAS mutations (present in >90% of pancreatic cancers) as a surrogate marker for ctDNA. Plasma samples from 29 healthy individuals were analyzed as a reference group. Results were compared to conventional monitoring measures and survival data. Median follow‐up time was 3.7 months (range 0.6–12.9 months).Ten (71%) patients had a positive KRAS status in the plasma samples obtained prior to chemotherapy, indicating the presence of ctDNA. Among the patients who were ctDNA‐positive before chemotherapy, nine (90%) experienced disease progression during follow‐up, compared to one (25%) of four ctDNA‐negative patients (P = 0.01). The pre‐therapy ctDNA level was a statistically significant predictor of both progression‐free and overall survival (P = 0.014 and 0.010, respectively). Of the 14 patients, ten had ≥2 follow‐up samples; in several of these patients, the ctDNA level changed substantially during the course of chemotherapy. Changes in ctDNA levels corresponded both with radiological follow‐up data and CA19‐9 levels for several patients.This pilot study supports the hypothesis that ctDNA may be used as a marker for monitoring treatment efficacy and disease progression in pancreatic cancer patients. Recruitment of more patients is ongoing to corroborate these findings.
Which Irish men and women immigrated to the United States during the Great Famine migration of 1846–54?
Authors: Anbinder Tyler , McCaffrey Hope 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDespite the extensive scholarly literature on both the Great Famine in Ireland and the Famine immigration to the United States, little is known about precisely which Irish men and women emigrated from Ireland in the Famine era. This article makes use of a new dataset comprised of 18,000 Famine-era emigrants (2 per cent of the total) who landed at the port of New York from 1846 to 1854 and whose ship manifests list their Irish county of origin. The data is used to estimate the number of emigrants from each county in Ireland who arrived in New York during the Famine era. Because three-quarters of all Irish immigrants intending to settle in the United States took ships to New York, this dataset provides the best means available for estimating the origins of the United States’s Famine immigrants. The authors find that while the largest number of Irish immigrants came from some of Ireland’s most populous counties, such as Cork, Galway, and Tipperary, surprisingly large numbers also originated in Counties Cavan, Meath, Dublin, and Queen’s County, places not usually associated with the highest levels of emigration. The data also indicates that the overall level of emigration in the Famine years was significantly higher than scholars have previously understood.
An act ‘soe fowle and grievous’:1 contextualizing rape in the 1641 rebellion2
Authors: Robinson Morgan T. P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study aims to critically re-evaluate existing explanations for the scale and significance of rape during the 1641 Rebellion in Ireland, using a contextual analysis of the legal testimonies of English Protestant settlers, known collectively as the ‘1641 Depositions’, analysing as far as possible the veracity of reports of rape, the circumstances in which rape occurred, and the identities of - and relationships between - victims and perpetrators. This study considers how women reported rape, comparing the Depositions to similar processes of legal testimony in early modern England. Rape perpetrated by combatants in contemporaneous conflicts is also considered, and the existence of - and adherence to - ad hoc codes of military conduct in Irish rebel ranks is investigated. Most reports of rape during the Rebellion appear highly credible, and almost all perpetrators were known to their victims as members of the same communities. There is a multiplicity of possible motivations for these crimes, with no clear pattern other than opportunism within situations where standards of ethical and military conduct were collectively ignored by rebel soldiers.
Market formation as transitive closure: The evolving pattern of trade in music
Authors: SHORE JESSE C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWhere do new markets come from? I construct a network model in which national markets are nodes and flows of recorded music between them are links and conduct a longitudinal analysis of the global pattern of trade in the period 1976–2010. I hypothesize that new export markets are developed through a process of transitive closure in the network of international trade. When two countries' markets experience the same social influences, it brings them close enough together for new homophilous ties to be formed. The implication is that consumption of foreign products helps, not hurts, home-market producers develop overseas markets, but only in those countries that have a history of consuming the same foreign products that were consumed in the home market. Selling in a market changes what is valued in that market, and new market formation is a consequence of having social influences in common.
Acerca De La Vigencia De La Argentina Agropecuaria. Estado Y Credito Al Agro Durante La Gestion Peronista (1946-1955)
Authors: Girbal-Blacha Noemi M. 
Published: December 2015

“En la NUEVA ARGENTINA, el pueblo gozará ampliamente del CREDITO para su beneficio. Los hombres de campo podrán adquirir con él su parcela, su casa y las maquinarias que requiera su labor.”(2do. Plan Quinquenal al alcance de los niños, para 5to. y 6to. grados, 1953, p. 44)La Argentina de los años 1940:“Es necesario que el país conozca francamente los serios extremos a que se aproxima su situatinón económica. […] Grandes excedentes de productos invendibles significan intenso malestar en la campaña, crisis industrial, desocupación y zozobra en las ciudades, postración general en todas las actividades del país, con repercusiones sociales de imprevisible alcance.” Así presenta, en 1940, ante el Senado Nacional su plan de reactivación económica el Ministro de Hacienda Federico Pinedo, en un intento por formular una propuesta que se anticipe a los efectos del fin de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El proyecto se esfuerza por conciliar industrialización y economía abierta, fomentando el comercio con los Estados Unidos mientras procura crear un mercado de capitales e implementa el subsidio a la producción agraria, a la que sigue considerando como “la gran rueda de la economía” argentina.
Mexico, Gilberto Bosques and the Refugees
Authors: Katz Friedrich 
Published: December 2015

In the eyes of many North Americans, Mexico is above all a country of immigration from which hundreds of thousands hope to pass across the border to find the promised land in the United States. What these North Americans do not realize is that for thousands of Latin Americans and for many U.S. intellectuals, Mexico after the revolution of 1910-1920 constituted the promised land. People persecuted for their political or religious beliefs—radicals, revolutionaries but liberals as well—could find refuge in Mexico when repressive regimes took over their country.In the 1920s such radical leaders as Víctor Raúl Haya De La Torre, César Augusto Sandino and Julio Antonio Mella found refuge in Mexico. This policy continued for many years even after the Mexican government turned to the right. Thousands of refugees from Latin American military dictatorships in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay fled to Mexico. The history of that policy of the Mexican government has not yet been written.
WHAT HAS ALEXANDRIA TO DO WITH JERUSALEM? WRITING THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Authors: GOLDHILL SIMON 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTHistories of the Jews are a fundamental and polemical aspect of Christian and especially Protestant historiography in the nineteenth century. This article considers, in their context, the five most popular and influential multi-volume histories published in Britain, namely those of Henry Hart Milman, Heinrich Ewald, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, Ernest Renan (the one significant – lapsed – Catholic historian in the tradition), and Emil Schürer. It shows how each of these major historians constructs an opposition between Alexandrian Judaism and Palestinian Judaism, a hierarchical opposition which denigrated Alexandrian Judaism as a betrayal or corruption of true religion because it depended on an assimilation of Jewishness and Greekness. The opposition of Greek and Jew was fundamental to nineteenth-century thought for a high intellectual tradition (most famously embodied in Matthew Arnold's categories of Hebraism and Hellenism). The Alexandrian Jews become for these historians an icon of a dangerous hybridity – despite the fact that the Septuagint, the Alexandrian Greek Bible, was the Bible of early Christianity. The article considers the different strategies adopted by these historians in response to this constructed opposition of Jerusalem and Alexandria, and its continuing implications for the historiography of the Hellenistic world.
Differences in cannabis-related experiences between patients with a first episode of psychosis and controls
Authors: Bianconi F. , Bonomo M. , Marconi A. , Kolliakou A. , Stilo S. A. , Iyegbe C. , Gurillo Muñoz P. , Homayoun S. , Mondelli V. , Luzi S. , Dazzan P. , Prata D. , La Cascia C. , O'Connor J. , David A. , Morgan C. , Murray R. M. , Lynskey M. , Di Forti M. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundMany studies have reported that cannabis use increases the risk of a first episode of psychosis (FEP). However, only a few studies have investigated the nature of cannabis-related experiences in FEP patients, and none has examined whether these experiences are similar in FEP and general populations. The aim of this study was to explore differences in self-reported cannabis experiences between FEP and non-psychotic populations.MethodA total of 252 subjects, who met International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria for FEP, and 217 controls who reported cannabis use were selected from the Genetics and Psychosis (GAP) study. The Medical Research Council Social Schedule and the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire were used to collect sociodemographic data and cannabis use information, respectively.ResultsBoth ‘bad’ and ‘enjoyable’ experiences were more commonly reported by FEP subjects than controls. Principal components factor analysis identified four components which explained 62.3% of the variance. Linear regression analysis on the whole sample showed that the type of cannabis used and beliefs about the effect of cannabis on health all contributed to determining the intensity and frequency of experiences. Linear regression analysis on FEP subjects showed that the duration of cannabis use and amount of money spent on cannabis were strongly related to the intensity and frequency of enjoyable experiences in this population.ConclusionsThese results suggest a higher sensitivity to cannabis effects among people who have suffered their first psychotic episode; this hypersensitivity results in them reporting both more ‘bad’ and ‘enjoyable’ experiences. The greater enjoyment experienced may provide an explanation of why FEP patients are more likely to use cannabis and to continue to use it despite experiencing an exacerbation of their psychotic symptoms.
ASSESSMENT OF MAST IN EUROPEAN PATIENT-CENTERED TELEMEDICINE PILOTS
Authors: Ekeland Anne Granstrøm , Grøttland Astrid 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: Model for ASsessment of Telemedicine Applications (MAST) is a health technology assessment (HTA) inspired framework for assessing the effectiveness and contribution to quality of telemedicine applications based on rigorous, scientific data. This study reports from a study of how it was used and perceived in twenty-one pilots of the European project RENEWING HEALTH (RH). The objectives of RH were to implement large-scale, real-life test beds for the validation and subsequent evaluation of innovative patient-centered telemedicine services. The study is a contribution to the appraisal of HTA methods.Methods: A questionnaire was administered for project leaders of the pilots. It included questions about use and usefulness of MAST for (i) preceding considerations, (ii) evaluation of outcomes within seven domains, and (iii) considerations of transferability. Free text spaces allowed for proposals of improvement. The responses covered all pilots. A quantitative summary of use and a qualitative analysis of usefulness were performed.Results: MAST was used and considered useful for pilot evaluations. Challenges included problems to scientifically determine alternative service options and outcome within the seven domains. Proposals for improvement included process studies and adding domains of technological usability, responsible innovation, health literacy, behavior change, caregiver perspectives and motivational issues of professionals.Conclusions: MAST was used according to its structure. Its usefulness in patient centered pilots can be improved by adding new stakeholder groups. Interdependencies between scientific rigor, resources and timeliness should be addressed. Operational options for improvements include process studies, literature reviews and sequential mini-HTAs for identification of areas for more elaborate investigations.
Infants' acceptance of phonotactically illegal word forms as object labels
Authors: VUKATANA ENA , CURTIN SUZANNE , GRAHAM SUSAN A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe investigated 16- and 20-month-olds' flexibility in mapping phonotactically illegal words to objects. Using an associative word-learning task, infants were presented with a training phase that either highlighted or did not highlight the referential status of a novel label. Infants were then habituated to two novel objects, each paired with a phonotactically illegal Czech word. When referential cues were provided, 16-, but not 20-month-olds, formed word–object mappings. In the absence of referential cues, infants of both ages failed to map the novel words. These findings illustrate the complex interplay between infants' developing sound system and their word learning abilities.
Singular moduli and the distribution of partition ranks modulo 2
Authors: MASRI RIAD 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we prove an asymptotic formula with a power saving error term for traces of weight zero weakly holomorphic modular forms of level N along Galois orbits of Heegner points on the modular curve X0(N). We use this result to study the distribution of partition ranks modulo 2. In particular, we give an asymptotic formula with a power saving error term for the number of partitions of a positive integer n with even (respectively, odd) rank. We use these results to deduce a strong quantitative form of equidistribution of partition ranks modulo 2.
Repair techniques for anomalous aortic origins of the coronary arteries
Authors: Mavroudis Constantine , Mavroudis Constantine D. , Jacobs Jeffrey P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAnomalous aortic origins of the coronary arteries comprise approximately one-third of all coronary artery anomalies and are characterised by coronary arteries with anomalies of aortic origin involving abnormal courses, stenoses, and compression that can lead to myocardial ischaemia and sudden death. Operative techniques to treat these anomalies have not been standardised yet. Moreover, the management of potential complications has not been addressed. Common and rare forms of anomalous aortic origins of the coronary arteries are reviewed and understood standard techniques for an uncomplicated unroofing procedure are illustrated. Also noted are techniques that can be applied to unexpected anatomical findings and unwanted complications that could prove to be life-threatening. Several technical recommendations are offered.
Higher programmatic volume in paediatric heart surgery is associated with better early outcomes
Authors: Kansy Andrzej , Ebels Tjark , Schreiber Christian , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Tobota Zdzislaw , Maruszewski Bohdan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivePrevious analyses have suggested an association between centre volume and in-hospital mortality, post-operative complications, and mortality in those patients who suffer from a complication. We sought to determine the nature of this association using a multicentre cohort.MethodsAll the patients, aged 18 years or younger, undergoing heart surgery at centres participating in the European Congenital Heart Surgeons Database (2003–2013) were included. Programmes were grouped as follows: small <150; medium 150–250; large 251–349; very large >350. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the differences between groups with the adjusted in-hospital mortality, onset of any and/or major complication, and in-hospital mortality in those patients with any and/or major complication. The outcomes were adjusted for patient specific risk factors and surgical risk factors.ResultsThe data set consisted of 119,345 procedures performed in 99 centres. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 4.63%; complications occurred in 23.4% of the patients. In-hospital mortality in patients with complications was 13.82%. Multivariable logistic regression showed that the risk of in-hospital death was higher in low- and medium-volume centres (p<0.001). The rate of the occurrence of any post-operative complication in small, medium, and large programmes was lower compared with very large centres (p<0.001). Low- and medium-volume centres were associated with significantly higher mortality in patients with any complication (p<0.001).ConclusionsOur analysis showed that the risk of in-hospital mortality was lower in higher-volume centres. Although the risk of complications is higher in high-volume centres, the mortality associated with complications that occurred in these centres was lower.
Echocardiographic presentation of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
Authors: Silverman Norman H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn the 1970s, diagnosing anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) was often uncertain using imaging alone; however, with the advances in high-frequency transducers, advanced image processing, and other ultrasound modalities such as Doppler colour flow imaging, tissue Doppler imaging, and speckle tracking to asses regional wall motion abnormalities, modern echocardiography now permits accurate diagnosis of ALCAPA with greater certainty. Although many consider ultrasound to be the only imaging test necessary if there is a question as to the diagnosis, other imaging modalities such as MRI, CT, and cardiac catheterisation with angiography remain valuable complementary tests, especially in older patients.