bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Bentong‐Raub Suture vis‐à‐vis New Insight of the Tectonic Evolution of Malay Peninsula, South East Asia
Authors: KHAN Aftab Alam , SHUIB Mustaffa Kamal 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGenesis of the so‐called Bentong‐Raub Suture of Malay Peninsula does not fit to the model of subduction‐related collision. It has evolved from transpression tectonics resulting closure and exhumation of the inland basin which underwent extensive back‐arc extension during Triassic. Crust having similar thickness (average ∼35 km) below entire Malay Peninsula nagate collision of two separate continental blocks rather supports single continental block that collided with South China continental block during Permo‐Triassic. Westward subduction of intervening sea (Proto South China Sea) below Malay Peninsula resulted in widespread I‐ and S‐Type granitization and volcanism in the back‐arc basins during Triassic. Extensive occurrence of Permo‐Triassic Pahang volcanics of predominantly rhyolitic tuff suggest its derivation from back‐arc extension. Back‐arc extension, basin development and sedimentation of the central belt of the peninsula continued until Cretaceous. A‐Type granite of metaluminous to peraluminous character indicates their emplacement in an intraplate tectonic setting. Malay Peninsula suffered an anticlockwise rotation due to the rifting of Luconia–Dangerous Grounds from the east Asia in the Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary. Extensive ductile and brittle deformation including crustal segmentation, pull‐apart fracturing and faulting occurred during the closure and exhumation of the basins developed in the peninsula during Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary. Crustal shortening in the central belt of the peninsula has been accomodated through strike‐slip displacement, shearing and uplift.
Shared Decision Making With Vulnerable Populations in the Emergency Department
Authors: Castaneda‐Guarderas Ana , Glassberg Jeffrey , Grudzen Corita R. , Ngai Ka Ming , Samuels‐Kalow Margaret E. , Shelton Erica , Wall Stephen P. , Richardson Lynne D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe emergency department (ED) occupies a unique position within the healthcare system, serving as a safety net for vulnerable patients, regardless of their race, ethnicity, religion, country of origin, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, or medical diagnosis. Shared decision making (SDM) presents special challenges when used with vulnerable population groups. The differing circumstances, needs, and perspectives of vulnerable groups invoke issues of provider bias, disrespect, judgmental attitudes, and lack of cultural competence, as well as patient mistrust and the consequences of their social and economic disenfranchisement. A research agenda that includes community‐engaged approaches, mixed‐methods studies, and cost‐effectiveness analyses is proposed to address the following questions: 1) What are the best processes/formats for SDM among racial, ethnic, cultural, religious, linguistic, social, or otherwise vulnerable groups who experience disadvantage in the healthcare system? 2) What organizational or systemic changes are needed to support SDM in the ED whenever appropriate? 3) What competencies are needed to enable emergency providers to consider patients’ situation/context in an unbiased way? 4) How do we teach these competencies to students and residents? 5) How do we cultivate these competencies in practicing emergency physicians, nurses, and other clinical providers who lack them? The authors also identify the importance of using accurate, group‐specific data to inform risk estimates for SDM decision aids for vulnerable populations and the need for increased ED‐based care coordination and transitional care management capabilities to create additional care options that align with the needs and preferences of vulnerable populations.
Evolution of the Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine: 1979 to Present
Authors: Counselman Francis L. , Beeson Michael S. , Marco Catherine A. , Adsit Susan K. , Harvey Anne L. , Keehbauch Julia N. ,   the 2016 EM Model Review Task Force
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine (the EM Model) is a three‐dimensional representation of the clinical practice of emergency medicine. It is a product of successful collaboration involving the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM), the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM), the Emergency Medicine Residents' Association (EMRA), the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors (CORD), the Residency Review Committee for Emergency Medicine (RRC‐EM), and the American Academy of Emergency Medicine (AAEM). In 2017, the most recent update and revision of the EM Model will be published. This document will represent the culmination of nearly 40 years of evolution, from a simple listing of presenting patient complaints, clinical symptoms, and disease states into a three‐dimensional representation of the clinical practice of emergency medicine. These dimensions include conditions and components, physician tasks, and patient acuity. In addition, over the years, two other documents have been developed, the Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSAs) and the Emergency Medicine Milestones. Both serve as related and complementary educational and assessment tools. This article will review the development of the EM Model from its inception in 1979 to today.
Do children with cystic fibrosis receiving outreach care have poorer clinical outcomes than those treated at a specialist cystic fibrosis centre?
Authors: Weber Heinrich C. , Robinson Philip F. , Saxby Nicole , Beggs Sean A. , Els Ingrid , Ehrlich Rodney I. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionAlthough cystic fibrosis (CF) centre care is generally considered ideal, children living in regional Australia receive outreach care supported by the academic CF centres.MethodsThis is a retrospective database review of children with CF treated at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne and its outreach clinics in Albury (Victoria), and Tasmania. The aim was to compare the outcomes of children with CF managed at an academic centre with that of outreach care, using lung function, nutritional status and Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation. Three models of care, namely CF centre care, Shared care and predominantly Local care, were compared, based on the level of involvement of CF centre multidisciplinary team. In our analyses, we controlled for potential confounders, such as socio‐economic status and the degree of remoteness, to determine its effect on the outcome measures.ResultsThere was no difference in lung function, i.e. forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation or nutritional status (body mass index (BMI)) between those receiving CF centre care and various modes of outreach care. Neither socio‐economic status, measured by the Socio‐Economic Index for Area (SEIFA) for disadvantage, nor distance from an urban centre (Australian Standard for Geographical Classification (ASGC)) were associated with lung function and nutritional outcome measures. There was however an association between increased Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation and poorer socio‐economic status.ConclusionOutcomes in children with CF in regional and remote areas receiving outreach care supported by an academic CF centre were no different from children receiving CF centre care.
Micro‐endoscopy of the human vas deferens: a feasibility study of a novel device in several ex vivo models
Authors: Trottmann M. , Sroka R. , Braun C. , Liedl B. , Schaaf H. , Graw M. , Becker A. J. , Stief C. G. , Khoder W. Y. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to show limitation as well as potential of micro‐endoscopy techniques as an innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approach in andrology. Two kinds of custom‐made micro‐endoscopes (ME) were tested in ex vivo vas deferens specimen and in post‐mortem whole body. The semi‐rigid ME included a micro‐optic (0.9 mm outer diameter [OD], 10.000 pixels, 120° vision angle [VE], 3–20 mm field depth [FD]) and an integrated fibre‐optic light source. The flexible ME was composed of a micro‐optic (OD = 0.6 mm, 6.000 pixels, 120° VE, 3–20 mm FD). The ex vivo study included retrograde investigation of the vas deferens (surgical specimen n = 9, radical prostatectomy n = 3). The post‐mortem investigation (n = 4) included the inspection of the vas deferens via both approaches. The results showed that antegrade and retrograde rigid endoscopy of the vas deferens were achieved as a diagnostic tool. The working channel enabled therapeutic use including biopsies or baskets. Using the flexible ME, the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts were identified. In vivo cadaveric retrograde cannulation of the orifices was successful. Post‐mortem changes of verumontanum hindered the examinations beyond. Orifices were identified shaded behind a thin transparent membrane. Antegrade vasoscopy using flexible ME was possible up to the internal inguinal ring. Further advancement was impossible because of anatomical angle and lack adequate vision guidance. The vas deferens interior was clearly visible and was documented by pictures and movies. Altogether, the described ME techniques were feasible and effective, offering the potential of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for use in the genital tract. Several innovative indications could be expected.
Spatial clustering of high‐tech manufacturing and knowledge‐intensive service firms in the Greater Toronto Area
Authors: López Fernando A. , Páez Antonio 
Published: November 2016

Key MessagesScan statistic is a useful tool to identify and delimit geographically spatial clustering of economic activity.Spatial clusters of high‐tech and knowledge‐intensive firms in the Greater Toronto Area in Canada are identified.A logit model of cluster membership is used to confirm that proximity to major transportation infrastructure, accessibility to skilled labour, and proximity to downtown are significant factors to explain the agglomeration of firms.
Respiratory muscle strength in patients with pulmonary hypertension: The relationship with exercise capacity, physical activity level, and quality of life
Authors: Aslan Goksen Kuran , Akinci Buket , Yeldan Ipek , Okumus Gulfer 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by exertional dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, and syncope. Physical activity, peripheral, and respiratory muscle strength reduces in pateints with PH. Little is known about respiratory muscle weakness and related outcomes.ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to determine respiratory muscle strength and to investigate the relationship between respiratory muscle strength and spirometric measurements, exercise capacity, physical activity level, quality of life, and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with PH.MethodsIn total, 33 patients aged 25‐80 years who were diagnosed as having PH and 24 healthy volunteers were included in the study. To measure respiratory function, spirometry, maximal inspiratory (MIP), and expiratory pressures (MEP) were used. Physical activity level was determined with activity monitoring (SenseWear Armband) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire‐Short Form. Exercise capacity was determined using the 6‐minute walk test. Quality of life was evaluated with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ).ResultsMaximal inspiratory pressure and MEP values of the patients with PH were significantly lower than the age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (P < .0001). Significant relationships were found between the MIP and six MWD (r = .40, P = .02), vigorous physical activity (r = .38, P = .03), moderate physical activity (r = 61, P < .001), and arm band‐average metabolic equivalent (r = .39, P = .02).ConclusionThe relationship between maximum inspiratory pressure, exercise capacity, and physical activity level showed that a decrease in exercise capacity or physical activity level may be a predictor for decreased MIP.
Recovery of cathepsins from marinating brine waste
Authors: Szymczak Mariusz 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIn the fish industry, brine left after herring marinating is discarded to waste. This study presents laboratory‐scale findings regarding recovery of aspartyl (D + E) and cysteine cathepsins (B + L) from waste brine. Ultrafiltration enabled cathepsin recovery from both the soluble and lysosomal fraction of the marinating brine. Retentate 10 kDa had the highest cathepsin activity 140% compared to crude brine. The amount of recovered cathepsins using membranes 30 and 100 kDa was less than 10 kDa, because part of cathepsins passes to permeate. In turn, the salting‐out with ammonium sulphate enabled activity recovery of only 80%, but ensured over twofold higher purity of the enzymes than ultrafiltration. The highest precipitation of D + E cathepsins was noted at salt concentration of 40–60%, whereas that of B + L cathepsins at 50–80%. It is recommended to dissolve the salted‐out aspartyl cathepsins at pH 4.0 or 8.0, whereas the cysteine ones at pH 5.0. The appropriate selection of parameters enables controlling the aspartyl to cysteine cathepsins ratio in the preparation in the range from 1:2 to 2:1. The new cathepsin preparations showed high activity in a wide range of pH values and ionic strength and can be used in food production.
Allitol: production, properties and applications
Authors: Hassanin Hinawi A. M. , Mu Wanmeng , Koko Marwa Y. F. , Zhang Tao , Masamba Kingsley , Jiang Bo 
Published: November 2016

SummaryAllitol is a rare alcohol monosaccharide sweetener containing six carbons atoms. It is a major product of the d‐psicose reduction pathway that exerts various physiological effects, for example laxative effects for the treatment of constipation and anti‐obesity effects by suppressing lipid accumulation. Allitol can be also used as an anticrystallisation agent. In addition, allitol cross‐links d‐ and l‐hexoses, thus contributing to production of l‐psicose. This is a review of the recent studies on the sources, properties, physiological functions and applications of allitol. In addition, the biochemical properties of ribitol dehydrogenase enzymes and the biotechnological production of allitol via microbial and enzymatic synthesis from d‐psicose and directly from d‐fructose are reviewed.
Effect of infusion of monoclonal antibodies to tumour necrosis factor‐receptor super family 25 on graft rejection in allo‐immune mice receiving autologous marrow transplantation
Authors: Gorczynski Reginald M. , Sadozai Hassan , Zhu Fang , Khatri Ismat 
Published: November 2016

SummarySignificant barriers to transplantation exist for individuals who are pre‐sensitized to donor antigen and have high titres of donor‐reactive antibody. We report the effect of autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMTx) after myeloablation in pre‐sensitized mice along with the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to tumour necrosis factor‐receptor super family 25 (TNFRSF25), expressed on regulatory T (Treg) cells. C57BL/6 mice, which had been sensitized earlier with BALB/c skin allografts, received secondary BALB/c grafts after the primary grafts had been rejected. Subsequently, recipient mice underwent myeloablation with cyclophosphamide and busulphan and were injected with T‐cell‐depleted bone marrow from CD45.1 congenic donors (BMTx). Recipient mice underwent immunosuppressive treatment with rapamycin. A subgroup of mice was also treated with mAbs to TNFRSF25. Control mice were pre‐sensitized mice that received cyclophosphamide and busulphan followed by rapamycin. BMTx‐treated mice had significantly prolonged skin graft survival versus control mice. These mice also showed attenuated donor‐specific mixed lymphocyte co‐culture responses relative to controls, increased splenic Treg cells and markedly diminished serum anti‐donor IgG. Infusion of anti‐TNFRSF25 mAbs further augmented graft survival and increased graft‐infiltrating Treg cells. These mAbs also expanded murine and human Treg cells in vitro with the capacity to attenuate mixed lymphocyte co‐cultures using fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Overall, this study delineates the roles of autologous BMTx and anti‐TNFRSF25 mAbs in expanding Treg cells and attenuating alloimmune responses in pre‐sensitized mice.
Cytochrome P450 26A1 modulates natural killer cells in mouse early pregnancy
Authors: Meng Chao‐Yang , Li Zhong‐Yin , Fang Wen‐Ning , Song Zhi‐Hui , Yang Dan‐Dan , Li Dan‐Dan , Yang Ying , Peng Jing‐Pian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCytochrome P450 26A1 (CYP26A1) has a spatiotemporal expression pattern in the uterus, with a significant increase in mRNA and protein levels during peri‐implantation. Inhibiting the function or expression of CYP26A1 can cause pregnancy failure, suggesting an important regulatory role of CYP26A1 in the maintenance of pregnancy. However, little is known about the exact mechanism involved. In this study, using a pCR3.1‐cyp26a1 plasmid immunization mouse model and a Cyp26a1‐MO (Cyp26a1‐specific antisense oligos) knockdown mouse model, we report that the number of Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) lectin‐positive uterine natural killer (uNK) cells was reduced in pCR3.1‐cyp26a1 plasmid immunized and Cyp26a1‐MO‐treated mice. In contrast, the percentage of CD3− CD49b+ NK cells in the uteri from the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group in both models. Similarly, significantly up‐regulated expression of CD49b (a pan‐NK cell marker), interferon gamma, CCL2, CCR2 (CCL2 receptor) and CCL3 were detected in the uteri of pCR3.1‐cyp26a1‐ and Cyp26a1‐MO‐treated mice. Transcriptome analysis suggested that CYP26A1 might regulate NK cells through chemokines. In conclusion, the present data suggest that silencing CYP26A1 expression/function can decrease the number of uNK cells and significantly increase the percentage of CD3− CD49b+ NK cells in the uteri of pregnant mice. These findings provide a new line of evidence correlating the deleterious effects of blocking CYP26A1 in pregnancy with the aberrant regulation of NK cells in the uterus.
Decent Incomes for the Poor: Which Role for Europe?
Authors: Cantillon Bea , Marchal Sarah , Luigjes Chris 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEU social policy has generally been limited to the definition of non‐binding social outcome targets, a governance model known as ‘second order output governance’. However, many EU Member States have failed to make progress in fighting poverty. This begs the question of whether a more performant EU‐level involvement in the field of social policy is conceivable. In this paper, we argue that European minimum standards are the place to start, including principles for minimum social security and minimum wages, as i) the European social objectives cannot be attained without guaranteeing adequate incomes to those in and out of work, and ii) social co‐ordination should thus go beyond broad outcome goals such as the reduction of the number of households at risk of poverty or social exclusion. We propose to include policy indicators regarding minimum income protection in the recently revised EU monitoring process of the European Semester.
Rate heterogeneity across Squamata, misleading ancestral state reconstruction and the importance of proper null model specification
Authors: Harrington S. , Reeder T. W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe binary‐state speciation and extinction (BiSSE) model has been used in many instances to identify state‐dependent diversification and reconstruct ancestral states. However, recent studies have shown that the standard procedure of comparing the fit of the BiSSEmodel to constant‐rate birth–death models often inappropriately favours the BiSSEmodel when diversification rates vary in a state‐independent fashion. The newly developed HiSSEmodel enables researchers to identify state‐dependent diversification rates while accounting for state‐independent diversification at the same time. The HiSSEmodel also allows researchers to test state‐dependent models against appropriate state‐independent null models that have the same number of parameters as the state‐dependent models being tested. We reanalyse two data sets that originally used BiSSEto reconstruct ancestral states within squamate reptiles and reached surprising conclusions regarding the evolution of toepads within Gekkota and viviparity across Squamata. We used this new method to demonstrate that there are many shifts in diversification rates across squamates. We then fit various HiSSEsubmodels and null models to the state and phylogenetic data and reconstructed states under these models. We found that there is no single, consistent signal for state‐dependent diversification associated with toepads in gekkotans or viviparity across all squamates. Our reconstructions show limited support for the recently proposed hypotheses that toepads evolved multiple times independently in Gekkota and that transitions from viviparity to oviparity are common in Squamata. Our results highlight the importance of considering an adequate pool of models and null models when estimating diversification rate parameters and reconstructing ancestral states.
Clinical features of familial amyloid polyneuropathy carrying transthyretin mutations in four Chinese kindreds
Authors: Liu Gonglu , Ni Wang , Wang Hongxia , Li Hongfu , Zhang Yue , Wang Ning , Wu Zhiying 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTransthyretin‐related familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR‐FAP) is a rare hereditary disorder, characterized by a length‐dependent polyneuropathy and dysfunction of various organs. Wide phenotypic heterogeneity makes early diagnosis difficult. In this study, we reviewed the clinical and electrophysiological features of four unrelated Chinese families with genetically confirmed TTR‐FAP. Sequence analysis of TTR gene revealed the presence of four different mutations: Thr49Ala(p.Thr69Ala), Leu55Arg(p.Leu75Arg), Tyr116Ser(p.Tyr136Ser), and Ala36Pro(p.Ala56Pro) from six affected patients and two asymptomatic individuals. Two mutations, Thr49Ala(p.Thr69Ala) and Tyr116Ser(p.Tyr136 Ser), were detected in Chinese FAP patients for the first time. All affected patients manifested a progressive sensorimotor polyneuropathy starting in the lower limbs. The majority of the examined patients displayed cardiomyopathy and vitreous opacities. To avoid misdiagnosis, clinicians should consider screening for TTR variants in patients presenting with progressive polyneuropathy of undetermined origins.
Misplaced Gratitude and the Ethics of Oppression
Authors: May Schott Robin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis essay examines Claudia Card's notion of misplaced gratitude, which she explores in one of her last papers, “Gratitude to the Decent Rescuer.” Whereas typically philosophers have been interested in the problems of the failures to honor obligations of gratitude, Card is more interested in the opposite fault of misplaced gratitude. Her interest reflects her social indignation and her fundamental commitment to opposing oppression, exploitation, and injustice in all its forms. The phenomenon of misplaced gratitude becomes visible from this perspective, where one catches sight of what oppression does to people. The essay looks at the question, What does Card's analysis of misplaced gratitude tell us about her own philosophical methods and contributions? It discusses her engagement with both care ethics and Beauvoir's phenomenology of oppression to clarify the centrality of misplaced gratitude for Card's work in developing an ethics of oppression.
Radical Moral Imagination and Moral Luck
Authors: Biss Mavis 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo a greater extent than other theorists, Claudia Card in her analysis of moral luck considers the impact of attempts to transform moral meanings on the development of the agent's character and her responsibilities, over time and in relation to other agents. This essay argues that this wider frame of reference captures more of what is at stake in the efforts of those who resist oppression by attempting to implement radically revised meanings.