bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The positive correlation between trunk, leg, and shoulder strength and linear bat velocity at different ball locations during the baseball swing in adult baseball hitters
Authors: Chu Yungchien , Keenan Karen , Allison Katelyn , Lephart Scott , Sell Timothy 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: Strength of body segments and bat velocity during the baseball swing have been described as positively related, but the relative importance of each body segment's strength and the effect of ball location in the strike zone have not been examined. OBJECTIVE: To identify the correlation between the strength of different body segments along the kinetic chain and bat velocity with the ball placed at different locations within the strike zone, and to determine which segment's strength best predicts bat velocity. METHODS: Nineteen adult baseball hitters were assessed for bat velocity at five ball locations and tested for isokinetic trunk, shoulder, and knee strength. Strength variables significantly correlated to bat velocity were used in backward stepping linear regression. RESULTS: Trunk rotation strength was significantly correlated to bat velocity for all ball locations. Knee strength was significant for all locations except for high inside. Shoulder strength was significant only with the ball outside. Based on regression analysis, trunk rotation strength was the only significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Significant correlations between chosen strength variables and bat velocity were identified. Only trunk rotation strength was a significant predictor of bat velocity. Baseball hitters seeking greater bat velocity may benefit from targeting trunk rotation strength.
Dynamics of changes in power output, heart rate, and disorders of acid-base balance during interval training in mountain cyclists
Authors: Hebisz Paulina , Hebisz Rafal , Zatoń Marek , Borkowski Jacek 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: While interval training is considered an effective modality for improving physical performance, it is still unclear how to monitor and determine optimal training load. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to identify differences in power, heart rate, and acid-base balance in response to a single interval training session in cyclists. METHODS: The research involved 21 mountain cyclists experienced and inexperienced with interval training. The interval training test consisted of several sets (4-6, until exhaustion) of maximal intensity exercise on a cycle-ergometer. Each set comprised four 30-s repetitions interspersed with 90-s recovery periods. Peak power, work output, heart rate, hydrogen and lactate ion concentrations were measured. RESULTS: The cyclists experienced with interval training performed significantly more (p< 0.01) sets than inexperienced cyclists (5.6 ± 1.0 vs. 4.5 ± 0.8 sets, respectively). Power and work output decreased in the last completed set only in the inexperienced group (660.5 ± 53.6 vs. 659.9 ± 71.3 W and 666.6 ± 63.3 vs. 633.7 ± 86.8 W in the first and last sets for the experienced and inexperienced cyclists, respectively). The experienced group showed a decrease in hydrogen ion accumulation in the fourth set; in the inexperienced group this occurred in the second set. The experienced group showed lower heart-rate recovery times after the last set. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclists experienced with interval training could perform more repeated bouts of exercise with a disrupted acid-base balance at a similar performance level than inexperienced cyclists.
Ultrasonography for the assessment of the structural properties of the Achilles tendon in asymptomatic individuals: An intra-rater reproducibility study
Authors: Intziegianni Konstantina , Cassel Michael , König Niklas , Müller Steffen , Fröhlich Katja , Mayer Frank 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: Reproducible measurements of tendon structural properties are a prerequisite for accurate diagnosis of tendon disorders and for determination of their mechanical properties. Despite the widely used application of Ultrasonography (US) in musculoskeletal assessment, its operator dependency and lack of standardization influences the consistency of the measurement. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intra-rater reproducibility of a standardized US method assessing the structural properties of the Achilles tendon (AT). METHODS: Sixteen asymptomatic participants were positioned prone on an isokinetic dynamometer with the knee extended and ankle at 90° flexion. US was used to assess AT-length, cross-sectional area(CSA), and AT-elongation during isometric plantarflexion contraction. The intra-rater reproducibility was assessed by ICC (2.1), Test-Retest Variability (TRV, %), Bland-Altman analyses (Bias ± LoA [1.96*SD]), and Standard-Error of Measurement (SEM). RESULTS: Measurements of AT-length demonstrated an ICC of 0.93, TRV of 4.5 ± 3.9%, Bias ± LoA of -2.8 ± 25.0 mm and SEM of 6.6 mm. AT-CSA showed an ICC of 0.79, TRV of 8.7 ± 9.6%, Bias ± LoA of 1.7 ± 19.4 mm2 and SEM of 5.3 mm2. AT-elongation revealed an ICC of 0.92, TRV of 12.9 ± 8.9%, Bias ± LoA of 0.3 ± 5.7 mm and SEM of 1.5 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The presented methodology allows a reproducible assessment of Achilles tendon structural properties when performed by a single rater.
The effect of foot support on trunk strength assessment using isokinetic dynamometry
Authors: Porto Jaqueline Mello , Marques Nise Ribeiro , Junior Renato Campos Freire , Abreu Daniela Cristina Carvalho de 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: The standardization of trunk-muscle strength assessment is important for clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To compare trunk muscle strength and electromyographic(EMG) activation of the trunk and lower limb muscles during testing with and without foot support using an isokinetic dynamometer. METHODS: Trunk flexion and extension strength was evaluated in 34 young individuals using isometric and isokinetic contractions, with and without foot support. Concomitantly, EMG signals from the trunk and dominant lower limb muscles were recorded. RESULTS: With foot support, the muscle strength generated during isokinetic and isometric extension contractions was greater than that without foot support (p < 0.001). The use of foot support enhanced the activation of trunk muscles (lumbar iliocostalis and longissimus dorsi) only during isometric extension contractions, whereas increased isokinetic extension contractions were associated with greater medial and lateral gastrocnemius activation. CONCLUSIONS: Testing trunk extension strength with foot support is recommended because it results in a higher peak moment under isometric conditions, possibly due to greater EMG activation of the trunk muscles. During isokinetic conditions, the use of foot support promoted increased extensor strength without increased EMG activation of the trunk muscles. By contrast, testing of trunk flexion strength may be conducted with or without foot support.
Net energy costs from resistive exercise done on flywheel-based hardware
Authors: Parmar Prashant , Perry Rachel , Martin Jake , Vickers Samantha , Baptista Rachel , Edwards Roman , McArtor Jon , Mitchell Lacey , Caruso John 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: To limit physiological changes incurred with space flight, exercise hardware should impart sufficient mechanical loads with minimal energy costs. OBJECTIVE: Assess net energy costs from exercise done on flywheel-based hardware. METHODS: Subjects (17 men, 19 women) performed the following leg press workouts in a randomized sequence: two sets of concentric-only (CO2) actions, two sets with both concentric and eccentric (CE2) activity, and four sets of concentric-only (CO4) actions. Workouts entailed 8-repetition sets with 90-second rest periods. O2 was measured before, during and after workouts to calculate net energy costs. Total work (TW) was derived from flywheel rotation rates as follows: TW = (1/2)(J)(ω 2) whereby J = rotation inertia and ω = angular velocity. TW and net energy costs were assessed with 2(gender) × 3(workout) ANOVAs with repeated measures for workout. RESULTS: TW had significant differences by gender (men > women) and workout (CE2, CO4 > CO2). Net energy costs also yielded significant differences by gender (men > women) and workout (CO4 > CE2, CO2). CONCLUSIONS: For the CE2 workout ∼ 50% of the TW occurred through muscle lengthening. Eccentric actions should be part of workouts done on this hardware, as they impart large mechanical loads with little net energy cost.
Anthropometry and high-speed resistive exercise performance by male athletes
Authors: Mitchell Lacey N. , Perry Rachel A. , Martin Jake L. , Vickers Samantha D. , Baptista Rachel A. , Clark Ashley N. , McArtor Jon D. , Caruso John F. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: High-speed exercise is an essential training component to prepare athletes for competition. To date correlations between anthropometry and high-speed exercise performance are mixed. OBJECTIVE: To assess anthropometry as a correlate to performance from workouts comprised exclusively of tonic or phasic repetitions done on a high-speed resistive exercise device (Impulse Training Systems; Newnan, GA). METHODS: Male athletes (n = 31) did two workouts that involved performance of a standing unilateral rowing motion with their left arm for two 60-second sets. Each workout was comprised solely of tonic or phasic repetitions. Anthropometric measurements included: height, mass, body fat percentage, shoulder width, upper and lower arm lengths as well as torso length. Mean force and total work values from each type of workout served as criterion variables. RESULTS: Anthropometry predicted significant amounts of variance for both mean force and total work values (r2 ∼ 0.21) from tonic workouts. However anthropometry failed to predict a significant amount of performance variance from phasic workouts. CONCLUSIONS: Anthropometry acts as a better correlate to high-speed resistive exercise performance for repetitions that do not terminate with impact forces and are inherently less ballistic, as the latter likely utilizes less momentum.
Clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment of marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)
Authors: Raderer Markus , Kiesewetter Barbara , Ferreri Andrés J. M. 
Published: November 2015

Answer questions and earn CME/CNEExtranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) accounts for 7% to 8% of newly diagnosed lymphomas. Because of its association with infectious causes, such as Helicobacter pylori (HP) or Chlamydophila psittaci (CP), and autoimmune diseases, it has become the paradigm of an antigen‐driven malignancy. MALT lymphoma usually displays an indolent course, and watch‐and‐wait strategies are justified initially in a certain percentage of patients. In patients with gastric MALT lymphoma or ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma, antibiotic therapy against HP or CP, respectively, is the first‐line management of choice, resulting in lymphoma response rates from 75% to 80% after HP eradication and from 33% to 65% after antibiotic therapy for CP. In patients who have localized disease that is refractory to antibiotics, radiation is widely applied in various centers with excellent local control, whereas systemic therapies are increasingly being applied, at least in Europe, because of the potentially systemic nature of the disease. Therefore, the objective of this review is to briefly summarize the clinicopathologic characteristics of this distinct type of lymphoma along with current data on management strategies. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:152–171. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Une épée de l'époque Viking au musée de Denain.
Authors: Leman Pierre , Delattre Bernard , Hantute Gaston 
Published: November 2015

Petersen).
La deuxième hypothèse a la préférence des auteurs qui par ailleurs établissent des comparaisons avec l'épée de Donnybrook (Irlande). Les analyses chimique et métallographique ont mis en évidence la structure (épée non damassée, à lame aux bords rapportés par soudure) et le procédé de fabrication et de trempe, en progrès par rapport à l'époque mérovingienne.
La fortification de l'oppidum à Etrun pour Louis III en amont de Denain, en 881 s'inscrit peut-être dans le contexte historique de cette découverte, qui eut lieu à Denain même en 1918. Elle doit, à présent, compléter les répertoires d'épées Scandinaves dressés par Haakon Shetelig et Holger Arbman.
La fête au cœur. Une approche de la sociabilité septentrionale du XIVe au XXe siècle.
Authors: Muchembled Robert 
Published: November 2015

The feast lies deep in the heart of man. A compound of symbols and realities, it goes much further than the entertainment it offers. It is indeed a language of sociability. It can then only be understood with a reference to the precise, dated and sociologically defined environment in which it appears and whose values it expresses. It also establishes itself as a dialogue between the local communities and the encompassing authorities, or between the individual and sacredness.
This global historical phenomenon makes it possible to approach the original sociability of the cultural area marked by patronal feasts, kermesses and urban belfries : the north of France, Belgium and today's Netherlands. A program of research is defined outlining the most important features of the subject, from the end of the Middle Ages to the XXth century. Then there comes an introduction to the twelve articles presented in this issue of the Revue du Nord : in spite of the differences in style or methodology, they all combine to show the wealth of the theme surveyed and the originality of this northern civilization who has had for centuries the feast at heart.
Quelques œuvres du Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lille évoquant des fêtes et jeux traditionnels.
Authors: Oursel Hervé 
Published: November 2015

Les œuvres conservées dans un musée des Beaux-Arts n'ont pas seulement une valeur esthétique. Leur étude iconographique peut apporter de précieux renseignements sur des aspects divers de la vie d'autrefois et c'est ainsi que tableaux et objets des collections du Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lille évoquent des fêtes et jeux traditionnels. La céramique régionale s'est souvent inspirée de ces festivités pour des décors aux panneaux de carreaux de faïence ou dans des assiettes notamment.
Les références ludiques sont plus importantes encore dans le domaine de la peinture et l'on en trouve des témoignages dans la peinture flamande, la peinture hollandaise et la peinture française. Fêtes populaires (Tilborgh, Van Apshoven), cortèges traditionnels (Van Bredael), jeux variés (Dirk Hals, Ryckaert, Boilly) ou camelots (Louis Watteau) permettent autant de représentations pittoresques pour le plus grand plaisir des spectateurs.
Clinical Experience With the First Commercially Available Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography System
Authors: Pfau Maximilian , Michels Stephan , Binder Susanne , Becker Matthias D. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
A retrospective, single-center case-series was initiated to evaluate initial clinical experience with the first commercially available intraoperative optical coherence tomography system (iOCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The Rescan 700 iOCT (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), a spectral-domain OCT system integrated into a surgical microscope, was used in 40 consecutive cases. A standardized review was used to assess whether iOCT imaging resulted in additional information and/or altered decision-making.

RESULTS:
The iOCT system was usable in conjunction with common chromovitrectomy dyes and tamponades. The surgeons reported that iOCT imaging provided additional information in 74.1% of the posterior and combined surgical cases, which resulted in altered decision-making in 41.9% of the cases. The iOCT imaging time, on average, amounted to 167 seconds. In anterior procedures, the surgeons reported gaining additional information in 22.2% of all cases, but no cases of altered decision-making were reported. Hereby, the iOCT imaging time amounted to 117 seconds, on average.

CONCLUSION:
The demonstrated results suggest iOCT has the potential to improve the quality of posterior and anterior segment surgery.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:1001–1008.]
Quantitative Assessment of Retinal Degeneration in Birdshot Chorioretinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Symes Richard , Young Mei , Forooghian Farzin 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Retinal degeneration in birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) has been assessed qualitatively using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The purpose of this study was to determine whether these changes could be quantified.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The charts of 22 eyes of 11 patients with BSCR and 22 eyes of 22 controls were reviewed. SD-OCT was used to determine the photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) volume and choroidal thickness.

RESULTS:

PROS volume in patients with BSCR was lower than in controls (
P
< .003). Furthermore, the PROS volume in BSCR patients with abnormalities on electroretinography (ERG) was lower than the PROS volume in BSCR patients with normal ERGs (
P
< .02). There was no correlation between PROS volume and choroidal thickness (r = 0.27;
P
= .22).

CONCLUSION:
SD-OCT can be used to quantitate retinal degeneration in BSCR. The retinal and choroidal degeneration in BSCR are not correlated, suggesting that the inflammatory pathophysiology affecting these two structures may be different.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:1009–1012.]
Effect of a Strict ‘No-Talking’ Policy During Intravitreal Injection on Post-Injection Endophthalmitis
Authors: Garg Sunir J. , Dollin Michael , Hsu Jason , Storey Philip , Vander James F. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To report the effect of a “no-talking” policy during intravitreal injection (IVI) on post-injection endophthalmitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective, comparative, consecutive case series of patients receiving IVI between Jan. 1, 2009, and Dec. 31, 2012. A 24-month “usual care” period was compared to a 24-month no-talking period, during which a strategy to further minimize speech during IVI was implemented.

RESULTS:

During the usual care period, 47,155 IVIs were performed, with nine culture-positive cases (0.019%), including seven due to oral pathogens (0.015%). During the no-talking period, 82,658 IVIs were performed, with eight culture-positive cases (0.010%), including two due to oral pathogens (0.002%). The no-talking policy was associated with a decreased endophthalmitis risk (
P
= .004), including oral pathogen-associated endophthalmitis (
P
= .02).

CONCLUSION:
This study demonstrates that a more stringent no-talking policy during IVI may reduce the risk of post-injection endophthalmitis.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:1028–1034.]
Obesity Correlation with Metastases Development and Response to First-Line Metastatic Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Osman Mohammed A. , Hennessy Bryan T. 
Published: November 2015

Study Objectives To compare breast cancer metastases between obese and nonobese women and to evaluate the effect of first-line metastatic chemotherapy in each group. Method A retrospective study was performed in an educational institute in Ireland. The study consisted of two parts: the first part was a comparative analysis of metastases development in obese (arm A) and nonobese patients (arm B). The second part was a comparison between both arms in relation to their response to first-line metastatic chemotherapy and their survival data. Results Between 2009 and 2014, we reviewed 118 patients with metastatic breast cancer. All the patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria. In all, 48% of patients were obese and 52% were nonobese. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. For arms A and B, the median interval between initial cancer diagnosis and distant metastases development (distant metastases-free survival) was 5.8 versus 7.6 years, respectively ( P value 0.04). Earlier visceral (liver and lung) metastases were observed in obese compared to nonobese women ( P values were 0.05 and 0.04, respectively). The most commonly used chemotherapy was weekly paclitaxel. Our treatments showed significantly better treatment response and better survival results in nonobese women than in obese ones, who were premenopausal with performance state 2, pathological grade 3, and four or more positive lymph nodes. Conclusion Obesity is linked with visceral metastases development, especially lung and liver metastases. Furthermore, first-line metastatic chemotherapy achieved better results in nonobese patients.
The Chern–Ricci Flow on Oeljeklaus–Toma Manifolds
Authors: Zheng Tao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe study the Chern-Ricci flow, an evolution equation of Hermitian metrics, on a family of Oeljeklaus–Toma (OT-) manifolds that are non-Kähler compact complex manifolds with negative Kodaira dimension. We prove that after an initial conformal change, the flow converges in the Gromov–Hausdorff sense to a torus with a flat Riemannianmetric determined by the OT-manifolds themselves.
What Determines Whether Preferential Liberalization of Barriers against Foreign Investors in Services Are Beneficial or Immizerising: Application to the Case of Kenya
Authors: Balistreri Edward J. , Jensen Jesper , Tarr David 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Despite the fact that many modern preferential trade agreements include commitments to foreign investors in imperfectly competitive services sectors, the literature has not established conditions under which these agreements are beneficial or harmful. The authors fill that void by developing a model with monopolistic competition and foreign direct investment in services with Dixit-Stiglitz endogenous productivity effects from additional varieties. They specify a numerical model, with probability distributions of all parameters. The model is executed 30,000 times, and results are reported as probability of an outcome, based on the sample distribution. In order to ground the results in reality, the authors apply the model to Kenya. They show that preferential commitments in services could be immizerising. Losses are more likely the greater the share of initial rent capture on the services barriers in the home country and the more technologically advanced are the excluded regions relative to the partner region.
Variable Mesh Size Exponential Finite Difference Method for the Numerical Solutions of Two Point Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Pandey Pramod K. , Pandey B. D. 
Published: November 2015

In this article, we presented a non-uniform mesh size high order exponential finite difference scheme for the numerical solutions of two point boundary value problems with Dirichlet's boundary conditions. Under appropriate conditions, we have discussed the local truncation error and the convergence of the proposed method. Numerical experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the use and high order computational efficiency of the present method in several model problems. Numerical results showed that the proposed method is accurate and convergent. The order of accuracy is at least cubic which is in good agreement with the theoretically established order of the method.
Sur la tour de Hilbert de certains corps
Authors: Azizi Abdelmalek , Talbi Mohammed , Talbi Mohamed 
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we determine the first Hilbert $2$-class field for some quartic cyclic number fields ${\mathrm k}$ and the Galois group of the second Hilbert $2$-class field of ${\mathrm k}$ over ${\mathrm k}$.