bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le motif légitime en droit administratif
Authors: Colin Frédéric 
Published: September 2024

L’obligation de motiver les décisions administratives ne cesse de se renforcer, et le juge administratif examine avec précision quels sont les motifs fondant l’action de l’administration publique. Parmi ces motifs, certains sont de nature objective, d’autres sont de nature plus subjective, renvoyant à une appréciation du décisionnaire. Dans cette perspective, celui-ci va se référer, souvent, à un « motif légitime ». Cependant, la définition de ce motif n’existe pas dans les textes, en tout cas de façon explicite. C’est donc la jurisprudence qui permet d’en dessiner les contours et aussi d’en identifier les effets. Le motif légitime contribue à rendre plus équitable la décision administrative, dans la mesure où il permet de standardiser les références décisionnelles, et à améliorer les justifications de l’action administrative. Au-delà de la pure légalité, il rend la décision plus juste, sous le contrôle du juge administratif.
Quatre problèmes courants qui affectent la Cour interamericaine dans son avis consultatif n° 24
Authors: Paúl Álvaro 
Published: September 2024

L’avis consultatif n° 24 de la Cour interaméricaine affirme que la Convention américaine relative aux droits de l’homme impose aux États de disposer de procédures expéditives, qui permettent aux personnes qui se considèrent comme transgenres de modifier leur nom, leur sexe ou leur sexe d’enregistrement, se basant sur la seule volonté exprimée par ces personnes. La Cour prévoit également que les États doivent autoriser les couples de même sexe à accéder à tous les cas de figure juridiques auxquels les couples hétérosexuels peuvent prétendre, y compris le mariage. Le présent commentaire décrit, dans les grandes lignes, le résultat de l’avis consultatif de la Cour, pour ensuite se référer à quatre problèmes qui l’affectent, ainsi que le processus décisionnel de la Cour interaméricaine en général. Ces problèmes sont : essayer d’imposer une vision unique en matière de droits de l’homme ; accorder à ses propres interprétations une valeur supérieure à celle qu’elles ont ; dédaigner sa propre jurisprudence procédurale antérieure et citer d’innombrables documents légaux qui ne sont pas juridiquement applicables au cas en question.
Libre propos sur les techniques normatives modernes de régulation des conduites en entreprise
Authors: Emane Meyo Martin 
Published: September 2024

Comment le législateur gère-t-il la crise sanitaire actuelle dans l’entreprise ? Le protocole national pour assurer la santé et la sécurité des salariés en entreprise face à l’épidémie de COVID-19, qui a cessé de produire effet à compter du 14 mars dernier constituait l’un des dispositifs expressément créés à cet effet. À travers cet instrument, la technique employée était clairement affichée : Gérer la crise par les méthodes modernes de la normativité juridique.
Le contentieux constitutionnel au Gabon
Authors: Ondo Télesphore 
Published: September 2024

Le contentieux constitutionnel au Gabon est structurellement organisé autour de la Cour constitutionnelle. Il se présente sous deux catégories : un contentieux des textes juridiques et un contentieux du pouvoir. Son objectif est non seulement la garantie de l’État de droit, mais aussi la consolidation de la démocratie pluraliste. Toutefois, ce rôle de la Cour constitutionnelle dans le contentieux constitutionnel ne doit pas être surévalué et sa portée surestimée. En effet, l’opérationnalité de cette « machine juridictionnelle » s’avère manifestement contingente au regard de ses effets mitigés, lesquels mettent en exergue le verrouillage l’alternance démocratique et la fragilisation de l’État de droit.
Émergence de la justice para-constitutionnelle en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Sobze Serge François 
Published: September 2024

Tout comme le principe de laïcité qui progressivement sent de l’encens, l’État en Afrique dégage la fumée des coups d’État, propulsant résolument son destin entre le charybde et le scylla. Il se crée en effet, un mouvement balancier faisant de l’ordre étatique un véritable champ de guerre où les sirènes des putschistes ont remplacé les gyrophares des campagnes électorales et les motivations savantes des juges constitutionnels, substituées par les déclarations des généraux d’armées. Cette révolution à rebours ou mieux cette catastrophe constitutionnelle oblige à repenser l’état de l’État de droit en Afrique ou à donner un contenu démocratique à la justice para-constitutionnelle qui progressivement fait sa mue ; cette justice qui bien que n’ayant pas un ancrage constitutionnel, se déploie dans l’environnement de la Constitution avec pour objet d’assurer l’organisation des pouvoirs publics en période de crise.
Les algorithmes rêvent-ils d’un droit factualisé ?
Authors: Bordere Camille 
Published: September 2024

Le discours doctrinal portant sur les bases de données jurisprudentielles à vocation exhaustive et les outils de justice prédictive développe, au renfort de son argumentaire de rejet, un argument très particulier : celui selon lequel ces outils contribueraient à une « factualisation » du droit. À l’étude, cependant, le « droit » qui serait factualisé est bien moins le droit qu’il s’applique et bien plus le droit tel qu’il est pensé . Cette « factualisation » de la compréhension du droit est alors un argument à rebours par lequel le discours doctrinal s’inquiète bien plus pour lui-même que pour son droit et cherche à se prémunir des effets potentiels que ces outils pourraient avoir sur son office, sa production, sa structuration et sa raison d’être. Cet axe discursif apparaît donc à l’analyse comme un démarche d’auto-défense d’un discours doctrinal face à une menace perçue , à défaut d’être, à ce stade, démontrée .
Le Semestre européen sauvera-t-il l’État de droit ?
Authors: Fromont Louise , Van Waeyenberge Arnaud 
Published: September 2024

En raison de l’insuffisance de l’Article 7 TUE et de la voie judiciaire pour enrayer le recul de l’État de droit au sein de plusieurs États membre de l’Union européenne, la Commission européenne développe, depuis plusieurs années, une nouvelle stratégie qui repose sur la création de nouveaux instruments d’action publique de type techno-managérial. La présente contribution tend à analyser, au moyen d’une approche pragmatique du droit couplée à une approche par les instruments, l’un de ces outils techno-managériaux : le Semestre européen. Cette analyse entend démontrer la place de plus en plus centrale qu’occupe le Semestre afin de lutter contre les violations de l’État de droit mais également identifier les conséquences qu’emporte l’utilisation de cet instrument pour l’ordre juridique européen.
Réflexions sur la perturbation de l’égalité par la responsabilité
Authors: Lefebvre Jean 
Published: September 2024

Une analyse croisée du droit de la responsabilité et de l’approche économique de la contrepartie montre que la responsabilité, loin d’être neutre, peut perturber le principe d’égalité. La responsabilité peut se dérégler et échouer à fournir dans tous les cas une contrepartie parfaite, qui viendrait compenser intégralement le dommage subi. Cette perturbation, et la rupture d’égalité qu’elle induit, est révélée par une modulation de la contrepartie à rebours de toute justice corrective ou distributive et incohérente à l’égard de l’exposition au risque. D’une part, la responsabilité affecte la réparation dévolue à la victime en restant, dans certains cas, indifférente à son exposition involontaire au risque. D’autre part, la responsabilité prend en compte la « préférence » de certains responsables ou de certaines victimes pour sanctionner leur décision de s’exposer volontairement au risque.
Le droit et les besoins
Authors: Mella Élisabeth 
Published: September 2024

Le droit public des affaires peut être l’occasion d’identifier des mouvements de transformation radicale de l’action publique mais aussi leurs limites. L’étude des besoins de la personne publique en ce domaine en est une illustration. L’identification des besoins de la personne publique en droit public des affaires a montré sur le terrain des faits, et au-delà de leur diversité la possibilité, d’en dresser une typologie. Sur le terrain du droit, cette identification met en lumière un mouvement d’objectivisation et de rationalisation. De son côté, la satisfaction des besoins de la personne publique en droit public des affaires renvoie à une multitude de contraintes de coût et de qualité. Cependant, ces contraintes s’appliquent d’abord aux moyens de satisfaction des besoins et non aux modèles de satisfaction de ces besoins. Ces derniers renvoient au contraire à la liberté de la personne publique. Surtout, et dans tous les cas, un besoin fondamental de la personne publique est ici en jeu : celui d’agir librement.
Chemokine Receptor CCR2 Is Protective toward Outer Hair Cells in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Schiel Viktoria , Bhattacharya Ritwija , Eftekharian Kourosh , Xia Anping , Santa Maria Peter L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a neglected disease that afflicts 330 million people worldwide and is the most common cause of permanent hearing loss among children in the developing world. Previously, we discovered that outer hair cell (OHC) loss occurred in the basal turn of the cochlea and that macrophages are the major immune cells associated with OHC loss in CSOM. Macrophage-associated cytokines are upregulated. Specifically, CCL-2, an important member of the MCP family, is elevated over time following middle ear infection. CCR2 is a common receptor of the MCP family and the unique receptor of CCL2. CCR2 knockout mice (CCR2−/−) have been used extensively in studies of monocyte activation in neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CCR2 deletion on the cochlear immune response and OHC survival in CSOM. The OHC survival rate was 84 ± 12.5% in the basal turn of CCR2+/+ CSOM cochleae, compared with was 63 ± 19.9% in the basal turn of CCR2−/− CSOM cochleae (p ≤ 0.05). Macrophage numbers were significantly reduced in CCR2−/− CSOM cochleae compared with CCR2+/+ CSOM cochleae (p ≤ 0.001). In addition, CCL7 was upregulated, whereas IL-33 was downregulated, in CCR2−/− CSOM cochleae. Finally, the permeability of the blood–labyrinth barrier in the stria vascularis remained unchanged in CCR2−/− CSOM compared with CCR2+/+ CSOM. Taken together, the data suggest that CCR2 plays a protective role through cochlear macrophages in the CSOM cochlea.
The current era of AyurGenomics and AyurProteomics
Authors: Saini Heena , Tripathi Richa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Ayurveda, traditionally known as “The Science of Life,” has been practiced in India for centuries, focusing on holistic well-being. Despite its longstanding application, Ayurveda has faced challenges in gaining scientific acceptance globally, primarily due to the absence of standardized drug testing and certification.

Objective:
This study explores the recent initiatives by the Indian government to globalize Ayurveda by integrating modern molecular biology techniques and high-throughput technologies to provide a scientific foundation for Ayurvedic practices.

Methods:
The research examines the integration of genomics and proteomics with Ayurveda, giving rise to Ayurgenomics and Ayurproteomics. These emerging fields aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Ayurvedic practices, leveraging contemporary scientific tools.

Results:
The interdisciplinary approach seeks to generate evidence-based data for Ayurvedic diagnostics and therapeutics, explore pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and ensure the safety and efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines. Additionally, the study highlights the need for scientific validation, ethical guidelines, and collaboration between traditional practitioners and modern scientists.

Conclusion:
Integrating Ayurveda with modern scientific fields like genomics and proteomics has the potential to validate traditional practices and lead to the development of personalized medicine. Overcoming the challenges of scientific validation and promoting collaborative research are key to the success of Ayurgenomics and Ayurproteomics in modern healthcare.
Navigation-assisted occipitocervical fixation and decompression in a patient with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Nagashima Yoshitaka , Nishimura Yusuke , Abe Takashi , Saito Ryuta 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare skeletal disorder characterized by the replacement of normal bone with fibrous connective tissue, leading to abnormal bone formation. This case report details the successful treatment of a 61-year-old woman with FD at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). The patient, who had a history of intracranial meningioma and had already been diagnosed with FD, experienced worsening gait disturbance and muscle weakness following a fall. Imaging studies revealed extensive polyostotic FD lesions in the skull and cervical spine, along with a C2 odontoid fracture causing spinal cord compression. The patient underwent occipitocervical fixation and decompression surgery. Intraoperative O-arm navigation was used to ensure accurate screw placement and effective decompression. This procedure allowed for proper positioning of the C2 and C3 pedicle screws, resection of the hyperplastic occipital bone and C1 posterior arch, and placement of the occipital plate with avoiding the cyst components. At a 2-year follow-up, there were no signs of screw loosening, and the patient showed marked clinical improvement. This case emphasizes the importance of tailored surgical strategies and the use of advanced navigational technologies in managing complex FD cases, particularly those involving the CVJ. It also highlights the challenges of treating polyostotic FD, where complete resection is often unfeasible. The successful outcome in this case supports the use of decompressive surgery combined with stabilization to relieve symptoms and prevent further complications.
Impact of physical exercise (strength and stretching) on repairing craniovertebral and reducing neck pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nazwar Tommy Alfandy , Bal’afif Farhad , Wardhana Donny Wisnu , Mustofa Mustofa 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The craniovertebral (CV) junction is crucial for head support, mobility, and protecting the upper spinal cord and vital nerve structures. Disorders in this area can cause severe symptoms such as neck pain, restricted movement, and neurological issues such as headaches and balance problems. Exercise and physical activity improves muscle strength, flexibility, joint stability, reducing pain, and enhancing joint function, while specifically for the CV junction, exercise can relieve muscle tension, boost blood flow, and improve posture, although the specific impact on CV junction health remains underexplored.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases MEDLINE, Cochrane, Lilacs, and ScienceDirect, alongside manual searches through reference lists. The review focuses on exercise and CV junction issues and includes randomized controlled trials, cohort or case–control studies, and systematic reviews. Primary outcomes include pain levels, joint mobility, function, and quality of life.

Results:
Results yield four meta-analyses with corrective exercise and conventional exercise in improving forward head posture risk difference 0.00 (−0.09, 0.09) 95% confidence interval (CI), between cervical and thoracic exercises odds ratio 1.04 (0.59, 1.84) 95% CI. Comparing exercise treatment and physiotherapy showed risk difference 0.11 (−0.10, 0.32) 95% CI and the comparative analysis between training and no treatment showed risk difference 0.09 (−0.01, 0.20) 95% CI.

Conclusion:
Exercise-based rehabilitation programs tailored to patients with CV junction problems offer robust evidence, benefiting clinical management, and prevention efforts.
Do low-density screws influence pelvic incidence in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis correction?
Authors: Sultan Ahmed Maher , El Nawawy Walid , Dawood Mohammed Ahmad , Koptan Wael Tawfik , Elmiligui Yasser , Barakat Ahmed Samir , Fawaz Khaled Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Low-density screw constructs yield significant radiographic and clinical improvements with reduced risk of neurological complications. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between coronal Cobb angle and pelvic incidence (PI) in the correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using a low-density construct, as well as the association between PI and functional outcomes.

Patients and Methods:
This prospective cohort study involved 60 posteriorly instrumented AIS patients, aged 10–16 years, with Cobb angles ranging from 45° to 90° of various Lenke types. Radiological assessments were conducted pre- and postsurgery at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Functional evaluation utilized the Scoliosis Research Society score form (SRS-30).

Results:
A positive correlation was observed between screw density and operation time, blood loss, and degree of correction with SRS change (P = 0.004). No correlation was found between screw density and hospital stay, loss of correction, correction rate, SRS change, change in PI, or Cobb angle.

Conclusions:
Correction of AIS through a posterior approach using a low-density construct can lead to satisfactory curve correction, impacting spinopelvic parameters. However, PI alone does not directly influence patient functional outcomes assessed by SRS-30. Low-density implant constructs reduce operative time, blood loss, costs, and complication risks.
Unprecedented journey to 650 transpedicular screws using freehand technique and intraoperative C-arm imaging with technical nuances
Authors: Fayaz Mohsin , Chibber Sarabjit Singh , Singh Kaushal Deep , Tyngkam Lamkordor , Hela Amir , Chaurasia Bipin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Pedicle screw placement plays a crucial role in treating various cases such as fractures, scoliosis, degenerative spine issues, and kyphosis, reinforcing all three spinal columns simultaneously. While three-dimensional navigation-assisted pedicle screw placement is considered superior, the freehand technique relies on anatomical landmarks and tactile feedback, with observed low complication rates.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective single-center study conducted over a period of 3 years. It included all patients of dorsal, lumbar, and sacral spinal instability of myriad etiology. Previously operated patients and sick obtunded patients were excluded from the study.

Results:
In our study, we included 102 patients including 62 (60.7%) males and 40 (39.2%) females. More than half of patients were young in the age group of 20–50 years. Our study population had a varied etiology with 43.1% of patients having vertebral column instability due to trauma. The other etiologies were spondylolisthesis and lumbar canal stenosis (39.2%), Pott’s spine (11.7%), tumors (2.9%), and osteoporotic fractures (2.9%). Majority of patients (44.1%) presented with lower backache with radiculopathy. All the transpedicular screws inserted were evaluated by C-arm to assess for screw fixation. In the first year of our study, an average of 4 anteroposterior (AP) and 4 lateral C-arm X-ray shots were taken per screw placement. In the next year, an average of 3 AP and 3 lateral shots and finally in the last year of our study only 2 AP and 2 lateral C-arm X-ray shots were taken per screw placement. Out of 650 screws placed, 4 screws were identified to cause breach with maximum breaches in the lumbar spine fixation. In dorsal spine fixation, there was 1 lateral breach at D10. In lumbar spine fixation, there were 3 breaches: two medial one each at L4 and L5 and one anterior at L2 level. The various complications include wound infection, temporary and permanent neurological deficit, screw breakage, screw misplacement, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, nonunion, and spinal epidural hematoma.

Conclusions:
Our study has provided strong encouragement to persist with the freehand technique in transpedicular fixation surgeries after a certain number of cases given the minimal breaches and complications observed. There are subtle technical nuances as we increase the number of cases with less exposure of anatomical landmarks and X-rays. Success hinges on experience, adherence to technique, and thorough preoperative planning. Further research and extended follow-up periods are necessary to firmly establish this technique as the gold standard.
Demographics in the context of health-care delivery for C1 and C2 fractures
Authors: Ladehoff Lauren C , Root Kevin T. , Foreman Marco , Brown Jeffrey B. , Webb Paul Bryce , Diaz Michael J , Taneja Kamil , Patel Karan , Lucke-Wold Brandon , Wessel Robert P. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Atlas and axis fractures are the most severe cervical fractures which may result in complete paralysis or death. The purpose of the current study is to identify disparities regarding length of stay (LOS), mortality, and demographic factors in patients with the most serious cervical spine fractures utilizing a nationally representative database.

Materials and Methods:
The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample was utilized to provide a representative sample for patients with a primary diagnosis of C1 or C2 fracture presenting to emergency departments in years from October 2015 to December 2019. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate LOS for different patient demographics, including gender, race, and age.

Results:
A weighted sample of 7,262,791 patients presented to emergency rooms in the United States between 2015 and 2019. The mean age at admission was 76 years old, 52.6% of patients were female, and 83.0% identified as white. Patients between 45 and 65 and patients over 65 were significantly more likely to have an increased LOS. Women were less likely to have an increased LOS than men. Patients identifying as Black were significantly more likely to have increased LOS over white patients. In addition, patients who had an increased LOS were more likely to die in the hospital than patients with a shorter LOS.

Conclusion:
This study provides patient characteristics that help providers determine patient risk factors for increased hospital LOS and in-hospital mortality for those suffering from C1 and C2 fractures. Clinicians should be made aware of these disparities to allow equitable delivery of care.
Dysplasia Epiphysealis Hemimelica (Trevor’s Disease) of Talus Treated with Excision, Periosteal Flap, and Open Wedge Osteotomy: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Meena Devi Sahai , Saini Sanjay , Sehrawat Manisha , Yadav Vipul , Kumar Praveen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (DEH), also known as Trevor’s disease, is a rare disease which is skeletal developmental disorder characterized by asymmetrical growth of epiphyseal cartilage. It most frequently affects the ankle joint. Surgical treatment with complete resection is recommended before irreversible joint damage and deformity occurs. Multiple surgeries may be required if resected at an early age because recurrences are common until skeletal maturity. We present a case of DEH at the anteromedial aspect of a left ankle joint and a review of the literature.
Conical Washers Technique Tip
Authors: Iobst Christopher , Fragomen Austin , Rozbruch S. Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Circular external fixators often use fine transfixion wires as part of the construct. When a wire needs to be placed obliquely, standard methods of attaching the wire to the ring can cause tension in the surrounding soft tissues and the underlying bone. One method to avoid this issue is to use a long wire fixation bolt with conical washers above and below the ring. This technique is described in the following article.