bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Psychotrimine: Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of 2‐(N‐Indolyl) Amides.
Authors: Watson Emma L. , Ball Anthony , Raw Steven A. , Marsden Stephen P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDepending on the reaction conditions, 2‐(N‐indolyl) amides undergo selectively either enolate arylation to give oxindoles or direct arylation to give indolo‐fused benzodiazepines.
ChemInform Abstract: Homojesterones: Vinylogous Analogues of Jesterone from Helminthosporium velutinum TS28
Authors: Arayama Miki , Uesugi Shota , Tanaka Kazuaki , Maeda Hayato , Nehira Tatsuo , Kimura Ken‐ichi , Hashimoto Masaru 
Published: May 2016

Abstractisolation and structure elucidation of trans‐ and cis‐homojesterones
ChemInform Abstract: Propargyl Vinyl Ethers and Tertiary Skipped Diynes: Two Pluripotent Molecular Platforms for Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis
Authors: Tejedor David , Lopez‐Tosco Sara , Mendez‐Abt Gabriela , Cotos Leandro , Garcia‐Tellado Fernando 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReview: 38 refs.
Building text classifiers using positive, unlabeled and ‘outdated’ examples
Authors: Han Jiayu , Zuo Wanli , Liu Lu , Xu Yuanbo , Peng Tao 
Published: May 2016

SummaryLearning from positive and unlabeled examples (PU learning) is a partially supervised classification that is frequently used in Web and text retrieval system. The merit of PU learning is that it can get good performance with less manual work. Motivated by transfer learning, this paper presents a novel method that transfers the ‘outdated data’ into the process of PU learning. We first propose a way to measure the strength of the features and select the strong features and the weak features according to the strength of the features. Then, we extract the reliable negative examples and the candidate negative examples using the strong and the weak features (Transfer‐1DNF). Finally, we construct a classifier called weighted voting iterative support vector machine (SVM) that is made up of several subclassifiers by applying SVM iteratively, and each subclassifier is assigned a weight in each iteration. We conduct the experiments on two datasets: 20 Newsgroups and Reuters‐21578, and compare our method with three baseline algorithms: positive example‐based learning, weighted voting classifier and SVM. The results show that our proposed method Transfer‐1DNF can extract more reliable negative examples with lower error rates, and our classifier outperforms the baseline algorithms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Critical Look at Entropy‐Based Gene‐Gene Interaction Measures
Authors: Lee Woojoo , Sjölander Arvid , Pawitan Yudi 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTSeveral entropy‐based measures for detecting gene‐gene interaction have been proposed recently. It has been argued that the entropy‐based measures are preferred because entropy can better capture the nonlinear relationships between genotypes and traits, so they can be useful to detect gene‐gene interactions for complex diseases. These suggested measures look reasonable at intuitive level, but so far there has been no detailed characterization of the interactions captured by them. Here we study analytically the properties of some entropy‐based measures for detecting gene‐gene interactions in detail. The relationship between interactions captured by the entropy‐based measures and those of logistic regression models is clarified. In general we find that the entropy‐based measures can suffer from a lack of specificity in terms of target parameters, i.e., they can detect uninteresting signals as interactions. Numerical studies are carried out to confirm theoretical findings.
Detecting Gene–Environment Interactions for a Quantitative Trait in a Genome‐Wide Association Study
Authors: Zhang Pingye , Lewinger Juan Pablo , Conti David , Morrison John L. , Gauderman W. James 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA genome‐wide association study (GWAS) typically is focused on detecting marginal genetic effects. However, many complex traits are likely to be the result of the interplay of genes and environmental factors. These SNPs may have a weak marginal effect and thus unlikely to be detected from a scan of marginal effects, but may be detectable in a gene–environment (G × E) interaction analysis. However, a genome‐wide interaction scan (GWIS) using a standard test of G × E interaction is known to have low power, particularly when one corrects for testing multiple SNPs. Two 2‐step methods for GWIS have been previously proposed, aimed at improving efficiency by prioritizing SNPs most likely to be involved in a G × E interaction using a screening step. For a quantitative trait, these include a method that screens on marginal effects [Kooperberg and Leblanc, 2008] and a method that screens on variance heterogeneity by genotype [Paré et al., 2010] In this paper, we show that the Paré et al. approach has an inflated false‐positive rate in the presence of an environmental marginal effect, and we propose an alternative that remains valid. We also propose a novel 2‐step approach that combines the two screening approaches, and provide simulations demonstrating that the new method can outperform other GWIS approaches. Application of this method to a G × Hispanic‐ethnicity scan for childhood lung function reveals a SNP near the MARCO locus that was not identified by previous marginal‐effect scans.
Infrazygomatico‐coronoid fixation in a segmental mandibular reconstruction with a free vascularized flap: A simple and correct repositioning method without interfering with reconstructive and microsurgical procedures
Authors: Yoshimura Hitoshi , Ohba Seigo , Yasuta Masato , Nakai Kunihiro , Fujieda Shigeharu , Sano Kazuo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn a segmental mandibular reconstruction with a free vascularized flap, reproducing the optimal relationship between the condyle and glenoid fossa, and maintaining correct occlusion are important. We examined the practicality of a repositioning technique that combined bone plate fixation of the infrazygomatic crest and the coronoid process (infrazygomatico‐coronoid fixation [IZCF]) with maxillo‐mandibular fixation (MMF).MethodsEight patients were treated with this method. To investigate masticatory function, the status of the dental and temporomandibular joints were examined, and a food scale questionnaire was administered.ResultsIZCF and MMF resulted in correct repositioning of the segmented mandibles and enabled accurate reconstructions. Most patients recovered to be able to ingest the same preoperative food in scale with stable occlusion.ConclusionThis method is a simple and correct repositioning method without interfering with reconstructive and microsurgical procedures. We propose this technique as a reliable method for obtaining a functional outcome in mandibular reconstruction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
Effect of underlap length variation on DC/RF performance of dual material cylindrical MOS
Authors: Jena B. , Dash S. , Mishra G.P. 
Published: May 2016

SummarySignificant down‐scaling of device dimension has made cylindrical gate MOSFET (CG‐MOS), a cutting edge device for low power applications. But in order to sustain the competition for real‐time devices, it should have improved RF performances as well. In this paper, an analytical model of dual material cylindrical gate MOSFET (DMCG‐MOS) with underlap engineering has been developed using the solution of 2‐D Poisson's equation. The electrical parameters such as surface potential, threshold voltage and drain current are determined and compared with that of conventional CG‐MOS. The effect of the variation of underlap length on the DC/RF performance of the model has been extensively discussed. The results show improvement in the performance of threshold voltage, leakage current and transconductance generation factor (TGF) with the introduction of underlap at the drain end. On the contrary, the model with source underlap exhibits better drain current and higher cut‐off frequency. The analytical results are validated using Sentaurus TCAD device simulator. The improvement in DC and RF performance of this model would address emerging challenges posed by high frequency and low power applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Earlier effect of alendronate in mouse metaphyseal versus diaphyseal bone healing
Authors: Sandberg Olof , Bernhardsson Magnus , Aspenberg Per 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTHealing of injured cancellous bone is characterized by a transient stage of rapid bone formation throughout the traumatized bone volume, often followed by similarly rapid resorption. This is different from the slower diaphyseal healing via an external callus. We, therefore, hypothesized that antiresorptive treatment might have an earlier positive effect in cancellous bone healing than in diaphyseal fractures. One hundred and twenty‐three male C57bl6 mice received either an internally stabilized diaphyseal osteotomy of the femur or a screw inserted into the tibial metaphysis. The mice were randomized to daily alendronate injections (200 μg/kg/day), or control injections, and killed for mechanical testing after 14, 21, or 28 days. The hypothesis was tested by a three‐way Anova (time, site, and drug). The ultimate force was increased by bisphosphonate treatment in both models. There was a significant interaction between time, site, and drug (p < 0.001) so that the full positive effect of alendronate was evident in the metaphysis at 14 days, but first after 28 days in the diaphysis. While the early effect in the metaphysis might be translated into earlier healing, the late effect in the diaphysis was due to delayed remodeling of the callus, which might have less clinical importance. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:793–799, 2017.
Sediment microbial communities rely on different dissolved organic matter sources along a Mediterranean river continuum
Authors: Freixa A. , Ejarque E. , Crognale S. , Amalfitano S. , Fazi S. , Butturini A. , Romaní A. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHeterotrophic bacteria play a key role in the degradation of organic matter and carbon cycling in river sediments. These bacterial communities are directly influenced by environmental variables that differ spatially and temporally in rivers. Here, we studied the longitudinal patterns of sediment bacterial community composition and dissolved organic matter utilization under base flow and drought conditions in a Mediterranean river. Our results indicated that sediment microbial communities were affected by dissolved organic matter quality and origin along the river continuum. In headwaters the potential degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose was greater (i.e., higher β‐glucosidase and β‐xylosidase activities), suggesting higher microbial utilization of allochthonous detritus from terrestrial origin. Conversely, the accumulation and transport of more recalcitrant compounds (i.e., decrease in the recalcitrant index) became potentially relevant downstream. Furthermore, discharge fluctuations had clear effects on bacterial community composition and dissolved organic matter use. The hydrological fragmentation of the river continuum during drought period generated sediment microhabitats dominated by gamma and delta‐Proteobacteria, with a greater potential capacity to degrade a wide range of compounds, particularly nitrogen containing moieties. During base flow conditions, we observed a higher occurrence of alpha‐Proteobacteria and a greater potential use of more recalcitrant carbon compounds, mostly of terrestrial origin. Overall, our findings suggest an upstream‐downstream longitudinal transition of sediment microbial communities that rely on allochthonous to autochthonous dissolved organic matter, and a shift toward autochthonous dissolved organic matter reliance during drought.
Organic alkalinity produced by phytoplankton and its effect on the computation of ocean carbon parameters
Authors: Ko Young Ho , Lee Kitack , Eom Ki Hyuk , Han In‐Seong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn seawater dissolved organic acids produced by phytoplankton dissociate into conjugate bases and an amount of hydrogen ions that maintain electroneutrality, leaving the seawater alkalinity (AT) unchanged. However, the resulting conjugate bases react with protons during seawater titration and thereby contribute to the titration alkalinity (AT−ORG) whereas the contributions of other species (e.g.,
,
) to AT are proportionally lowered. Production of such dissolved organic acids was confirmed in each of six phytoplankton cultures and in a coastal environment. In phytoplankton monocultures with initial concentrations of ∼70 μM nitrate and ∼5 μM phosphate, the contribution of organic acids to the seawater alkalinity (AT−ORG) was found to be 15−40 μmol kg−1 on the complete consumption of added nutrients, with the magnitude of AT−ORG depending on the phytoplankton species involved. In the coastal environment the contribution of AT−ORG was as high as 15 μmol kg−1. Analysis of back titration data of culture and coastal samples further enabled identification of the functional groups responsible, which included two distinct charge groups (pKa1 = 4.4−4.9; pKa2 = 6.1−6.9). Thus, if the effect of organic acids on seawater AT is not accounted for, the concentrations of inorganic carbon components calculated from pairs of carbon parameters, including AT, will be inaccurate in culture studies and in studies of productive coastal environments.
Miniature low profile UWB antenna: New techniques for bandwidth enhancement and radiation pattern stability
Authors: Addaci R. , Fortaki T. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA miniature (30 × 10 mm2) efficient planar monopole antenna with stable radiation pattern for UWB applications (3.1–10.6 GHz) is proposed in this paper. These characteristics, wide bandwidth and radiation stability, are achieved by using original design solutions with maintaining a small size and good efficiency of the system. Based on modified ground plane and loop feeding structure, the first design solution consist to propose a simple technique which not requires any discrete additional elements or circuits and does not affect the overall dimensions of the basic structure. This technique enhances the (−6 dB) bandwidth of the planar monopole antenna by approximately 50% compared to the basic structure while maintaining the same dimension (30 × 10 mm2). The optimized proposed antenna presents a large bandwidth, good radiation stability, total efficiency higher than 70% over the entire band and small size (30 × 10 mm2) which will enable to use it in different UWB applications. In the second step, two L slots are added in the printed circuit board of the proposed UWB antenna to reach a good stability of the radiation pattern on the overall desired band. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1808–1813, 2016
The design and application of the tripole array metamaterial unitary cell
Authors: Guelber E. F. , Silva M. W. B. , Capovilla C. E. , Araujo H. X. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTPeriodic structures are widely used in order to provide different behavior on devices that operate in high frequencies. Some of them, are capable to change the constitutive parameters ε and µ, so that, the incident wave can assume a different behavior. Therefore, in this work, the tripole array is presented as an alternative tool to improve the performance of microwave systems, in terms of bandwidth, gain and resonance frequency. The equivalent circuit method in conjunction with the full‐wave simulation method was used in order to characterize the tripole array topology, for normal and oblique incidence. Measurements and simulated results are compared. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1786–1790, 2016
Uncertainty analysis for material measurements using the vector network analyzer
Authors: Shoaib Nosherwan , Sellone Marco , Brunetti Luciano , Oberto Luca 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis article presents the characterization measurements and related uncertainty evaluation of a non‐magnetic material using the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) at microwave frequencies. The permittivity of the material under test is computed from the scattering parameters (S‐parameters). The aim of the work is to highlight the different uncertainty contributions affecting the permittivity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1841–1844, 2016
A broadband perpendicular E‐plane waveguide‐to‐suspended stripline transition
Authors: Nikravan M. A. , Kwon D.‐H. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA perpendicular E‐plane transition between rectangular waveguide (WG) and suspended stripline (SSL) in the Ku‐band is presented. The topology of coupling network is studied and design guidelines are provided. A 10‐dB return loss bandwidth (BW) of 12% was obtained using a patch resonator on a double‐sided single‐layer dielectric substrate combined with a cavity behind the resonator of a very shallow depth as low as 1 mm for a compact design. An insertion loss of 0.18 dB at 13.8 GHz was achieved in the measurement of a back‐to‐back SSL–WG–SSL transition. Comparison of the measured performances with the state‐of‐the‐art WG transitions to SSL shows a 1.5 times improvement in frequency bandwidth and a three times reduction in electrical dimensions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1831–1834, 2016
A 60‐GHz multi‐beam antenna array design by using MHMICs technology
Authors: Erfani Elham , Moldovan Emilia , Tatu Serioja 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe integration feasibility of two technologies including Miniaturized Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuit (MHMIC) and Printed Circuit Board (PCB) are experimentally demonstrated at millimeter wave frequencies through the design of a switched beam antenna array. A 1 × 4 array of aperture coupled patch antennas etched on a RO5880 substrate is fed by a 4 × 4 butler matrix etched on a piece of high permittivity ceramic substrate. By using the proposed combined fabrication technologies, the feeding part on the ceramic substrate can be easily integrated with MMIC active component, while the radiation part is individually improved. Comparison of simulated and measured results show that the proposed switched beam antenna offers a −10 dB matching bandwidth of 6 GHz ranging from 58 GHz to 64 GHz and a multi beam radiation pattern which is focused in 45°, 15°, −15°, −45° directions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1844–1847, 2016
Investigations of triple band artificial magnetic conductor back plane with UWB antenna
Authors: Kumar Pandey Gaurav , Shankar Singh Hari , Kumar Meshram Manoj 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA triple band polarization insensitive compact artificial magnetic conductor (PI‐AMC) structure is investigated as a back plane of a compact ultrawideband (UWB) antenna in low profile configuration for the performance analysis. The AMC bands observed about 4, 7.2, and 10.5 GHz. The AMC bands can be tuned independently with the help of the PI‐AMC shape parameters. With the use of the PI‐AMC as a back plane for an UWB monopole antenna, the lower operating frequency decreased compared to the PEC back plane. Further, radiation in the forward direction and gain improvement over the UWB is observed due to AMC back plane. The details of the design, simulation, and measurement of the proposed PI‐AMC structure and UWB antenna with PI‐AMC structure are presented. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1900–1906, 2016
A compact wideband filter designed on single one‐third equilateral triangular cavity
Authors: Zheng C. Y. , Xu F. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA one‐third triangular resonator with two electric walls and two virtual magnetic walls is used to realize a compact wideband bandpass filter. This structure is fulfilled by taking out an isosceles or equilateral triangular resonator of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) version and therefore, it is called one‐third‐mode substrate integrated resonator (OTMSIR). Based on one single cavity, a quadruple‐mode technique is used to design a compact filter by adding an elliptical metallic via‐hole and using detected ground structure (DGS). Finally, a 12.6 GHz bandwidth planar quadruple‐mode filter is fabricated and tested. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1993–1996, 2016
Residential Segregation from Generation to Generation: Intergenerational Association in Socio‐Spatial Context Among Visible Minorities and the Majority Population in Metropolitan Sweden
Authors: Gustafsson Björn , Katz Katarina , Österberg Torun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate to what degree young adults live in neighbourhoods that are similar, in terms of relative average household income, to the neighbourhoods in which they grew up. We use regression analysis on register data for all individuals who were born in 1974 and lived in metropolitan Sweden in both 1990 and 2006. During this period, the distribution of income in Sweden became far more unequal, unemployment rose dramatically, earlier housing policies were dismantled, the share of ‘visible minorities’ increased dramatically, and residential segregation increased very considerably. We find a correlation between average neighbourhood incomes at these two points in the sample's life cycle of 0.44, which is more than three times as high as the household income correlation. We also find that half of the children of ‘visible minorities’ grew up in the poorer quartile of neighbourhoods, and of these, almost two‐thirds remained in the poorest quartile of neighbourhoods as adults. Several measures indicate that intergenerational persistency in context is lower in metropolitan Sweden than was found in a similar study in the US. However, it appears that if visible minority individuals lived in a neighbourhood in the lowest part of the distribution in Sweden as a child, the probability that they will do so also as adults is as high as the corresponding probability for an African‐American person in the US. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Translational regulation in blood stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium spp.: systems‐wide studies pave the way
Authors: Vembar Shruthi Sridhar , Droll Dorothea , Scherf Artur 
Published: May 2016

The malaria parasite Plasmodium spp. varies the expression profile of its genes depending on the host it resides in and its developmental stage. Virtually all messenger RNA (mRNA) is expressed in a monocistronic manner, with transcriptional activation regulated at the epigenetic level and by specialized transcription factors. Furthermore, recent systems‐wide studies have identified distinct mechanisms of post‐transcriptional and translational control at various points of the parasite lifecycle. Taken together, it is evident that ‘just‐in‐time’ transcription and translation strategies coexist and coordinate protein expression during Plasmodium development, some of which we review here. In particular, we discuss global and specific mechanisms that control protein translation in blood stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, once a cytoplasmic mRNA has been generated, and its crosstalk with mRNA decay and storage. We also focus on the widespread translational delay observed during the 48‐hour blood stage lifecycle of P. falciparum—for over 30% of transcribed genes, including virulence factors required to invade erythrocytes—and its regulation by cis‐elements in the mRNA, RNA‐processing enzymes and RNA‐binding proteins; the first‐characterized amongst these are the DNA‐ and RNA‐binding Alba proteins. More generally, we conclude that translational regulation is an emerging research field in malaria parasites and propose that its elucidation will not only shed light on the complex developmental program of this parasite, but may also reveal mechanisms contributing to drug resistance and define new targets for malaria intervention strategies. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:772–792. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1365This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Regulation