bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-Resolved Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Roles for Candidate Phyla and Other Microbial Community Members in Biogeochemical Transformations in Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Hu Ping , Tom Lauren , Singh Andrea , Thomas Brian C. , Baker Brett J. , Piceno Yvette M. , Andersen Gary L. , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Oil reservoirs are major sites of methane production and carbon turnover, processes with significant impacts on energy resources and global biogeochemical cycles. We applied a cultivation-independent genomic approach to define microbial community membership and predict roles for specific organisms in biogeochemical transformations in Alaska North Slope oil fields. Produced water samples were collected from six locations between 1,128 m (24 to 27°C) and 2,743 m (80 to 83°C) below the surface. Microbial community complexity decreased with increasing temperature, and the potential to degrade hydrocarbon compounds was most prevalent in the lower-temperature reservoirs. Sulfate availability, rather than sulfate reduction potential, seems to be the limiting factor for sulfide production in some of the reservoirs under investigation. Most microorganisms in the intermediate- and higher-temperature samples were related to previously studied methanogenic and nonmethanogenic archaea and thermophilic bacteria, but one candidate phylum bacterium, a member of the
Acetothermia
(OP1), was present in Kuparuk sample K3. The greatest numbers of candidate phyla were recovered from the mesothermic reservoir samples SB1 and SB2. We reconstructed a nearly complete genome for an organism from the candidate phylum
Parcubacteria
(OD1) that was abundant in sample SB1. Consistent with prior findings for members of this lineage, the OD1 genome is small, and metabolic predictions support an obligately anaerobic, fermentation-based lifestyle. At moderate abundance in samples SB1 and SB2 were members of bacteria from other candidate phyla, including
Microgenomates
(OP11),
Atribacteria
(OP9), candidate phyla TA06 and WS6, and
Marinimicrobia
(SAR406). The results presented here elucidate potential roles of organisms in oil reservoir biological processes.

IMPORTANCE
The activities of microorganisms in oil reservoirs impact petroleum resource quality and the global carbon cycle. We show that bacteria belonging to candidate phyla are present in some oil reservoirs and provide the first insights into their potential roles in biogeochemical processes based on several nearly complete genomes.
Age Dependence and Isotype Specificity of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Stalk-Reactive Antibodies in Humans
Authors: Nachbagauer Raffael , Choi Angela , Izikson Ruvim , Cox Manon M. , Palese Peter , Krammer Florian 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Influenza remains a major global health burden. Seasonal vaccines offer protection but can be rendered less effective when the virus undergoes extensive antigenic drift. Antibodies that target the highly conserved hemagglutinin stalk can protect against drifted viruses, and vaccine constructs designed to induce such antibodies form the basis for a universal influenza virus vaccine approach. In this study, we analyzed baseline and postvaccination serum samples of children (6 to 59 months), adults (18 to 49 years), and elderly individuals (≥65 years) who participated in clinical trials with a recombinant hemagglutinin-based vaccine. We found that baseline IgG and IgA antibodies against the H1 stalk domain correlated with the ages of patients. Children generally had very low baseline titers and did not respond well to the vaccine in terms of making stalk-specific antibodies. Adults showed the highest induction of stalk-specific antibodies, but the elderly had the highest absolute antibody titers against the stalk. Importantly, the stalk antibodies measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed neutralizing activity in neutralization assays and protected mice in a passive-transfer model in a stalk titer-dependent manner. Finally, we found similar patterns of stalk-specific antibodies directed against the H3 and influenza B virus hemagglutinins, albeit at lower levels than those measured against the H1 stalk. The relatively high levels of stalk-specific antibodies in the elderly patients may explain the previously reported low influenza virus infection rates in this age group. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00336453, NCT00539981, and NCT00395174.)

IMPORTANCE
The present study provides evidence that titers of broadly neutralizing hemagglutinin stalk-reactive antibodies increase with age, possibly due to repeated exposure to divergent influenza viruses. These relatively high levels of antistalk titers may be responsible for lower circulation rates of influenza viruses in older individuals. Our findings suggest that the level of antistalk antibodies is a good surrogate marker for protection against influenza virus infection. In addition, the levels of antistalk antibodies might determine the breadth of protection against different drifted strains.
Asthma medication prescribing before, during and after pregnancy: a study in seven European regions
Authors: Charlton Rachel A , Pierini Anna , Klungsøyr Kari , Neville Amanda J , Jordan Susan , de Jong-van den Berg Lolkje T W , Thayer Daniel , Bos H Jens , Puccini Aurora , Hansen Anne V , Gini Rosa , Engeland Anders , Nybo Andersen Anne-Marie , Dolk Helen , Garne Ester 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo explore utilisation patterns of asthma medication before, during and after pregnancy as recorded in seven European population-based databases.DesignA descriptive drug utilisation study.Setting7 electronic healthcare databases in Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Italy (Emilia Romagna and Tuscany), Wales, and the Clinical Practice Research Datalink representing the rest of the UK.ParticipantsAll women with a pregnancy ending in a delivery that started and ended between 2004 and 2010, who had been present in the database for the year before, throughout and the year following pregnancy.Main outcome measuresThe percentage of deliveries where the woman received an asthma medicine prescription, based on prescriptions issued (UK) or dispensed (non-UK), during the year before, throughout or during the year following pregnancy. Asthma medicine prescribing patterns were described for 3-month time periods and the choice of asthma medicine and changes in prescribing over the study period were evaluated in each database.ResultsIn total, 1 165 435 deliveries were identified. The prevalence of asthma medication prescribing during pregnancy was highest in the UK and Wales databases (9.4% (CI959.3% to 9.6%) and 9.4% (CI959.1% to 9.6%), respectively) and lowest in the Norwegian database (3.7% (CI953.7% to 3.8%)). In the year before pregnancy, the prevalence of asthma medication prescribing remained constant in all regions. Prescribing levels peaked during the second trimester of pregnancy and were at their lowest during the 3-month period following delivery. A decline was observed, in all regions except the UK, in the prescribing of long-acting β-2-agonists during pregnancy. During the 7-year study period, there were only small changes in prescribing patterns.ConclusionsDifferences were found in the prevalence of prescribing of asthma medications during and surrounding pregnancy in Europe. Inhaled β-2 agonists and inhaled corticosteroids were, however, the most popular therapeutic regimens in all databases.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety in top-level male and female football players
Authors: Junge Astrid , Feddermann-Demont Nina 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundScientific studies on the prevalence of mental health problems in elite athletes are rare, and most have had considerable methodological limitations, such as low response rate and heterogeneous samples.AimsTo evaluate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in top-level football players in comparison to the general population, and to analyse potential risk factors.MethodsPlayers of all first league (FL) and of four U-21 football teams in Switzerland were asked to answer a questionnaire on player's characteristics, the Centre of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale.ResultsAll 10 women's FL teams, 9 of 10 men's FL teams and 4 male U-21 teams (n=471 football players) took part in the study. The CES-D score indicated a mild to moderate depression in 33 (7.6%) players and a major depression in 13 (3.0%) players. The GAD-7 score indicated an at least moderate anxiety disorder in 6 (1.4%) players. Compared to the general population, the prevalence of depression was similar and the prevalence of anxiety disorders was significantly (χ2=16.7; p<0.001) lower in football players. Significant differences were observed with regard to player characteristics, such as age, gender, player position, level of play and current injury.ConclusionsSwiss FL football players had the same prevalence of depression as the general population, while male U-21 players had a higher prevalence of depression. It is important to raise awareness and knowledge of athletes’ mental health problems in coaches and team physicians, and to provide adequate treatment to athletes.
A novel reconstruction tool (syngo DynaCT Head Clear) in the post-processing of DynaCT images to reduce artefacts and improve image quality
Authors: Lescher Stephanie , Reh Christina , Hoelter Maya Christina , Czeppan Katja , Porto Luciana , Blasel Stella , Berkefeld Joachim , Wagner Marlies 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundLatest generations of flat detector (FD) neuroangiography systems are able to obtain CT-like images of the brain parenchyma. Owing to the geometry of the C-arm system, cone beam artifacts are common and reduce image quality, especially at the periphery of the field of view. An advanced reconstruction algorithm (syngo DynaCT Head Clear) tackles these artifacts by using a modified interpolation-based 3D correction algorithm to improve image quality.Materials and methodsEleven volumetric datasets from FD-CT scans were reconstructed with the standard algorithm as well as with the advanced algorithm. In a two-step data analysis process, two reviewers compared dedicated regions of the skull and brain in both reconstruction modes using a 5-point scale (1, much better; 5, much worse; advanced vs standard algorithm). Both reviewers were blinded to the reconstruction mode. In a second step, two additional observers independently evaluated image quality of the 3D data (non-comparative evaluation) in dedicated regions also using a 5-point scale (1, not diagnostically evaluable; 5, good quality, perfectly usable for diagnosis) for both reconstruction algorithms.ResultsBoth in the comparative evaluation of dedicated brain regions and in the independent analysis of the FD-CT datasets the observers rated a better image quality if the advanced algorithm was used. The improvement in image quality was statistically significant at both the supraganglionic (p=0.018) and the infratentorial (p=0.002) levels.ConclusionsThe advanced reconstruction algorithm reduces typical artifacts in FD-CT images and improves image quality at the periphery of the field of view.
Dose‐dependent antinociceptive and sedative effects of epidural romifidine in cattle
Authors: Marzok M. A. , El‐khodery S. A. 
Published: January 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and sedative effects of epidural administration of romifidine in dairy cattle. Twenty‐four dairy cows, divided randomly into four groups (three experimental and one control; n=6) received one of three doses of romifidine (30, 40 or 50 μg/kg) diluted in sterile saline (0.9 per cent) to a final volume of 25 ml or an equivalent volume of sterile saline. Antinociception and its anatomical extent was assessed by applying a standard stimulus (needle pin pricks) in different areas and by applying an electrical stimulus to the flank. The antinociceptive effect of romifidine was produced not only in the tail, anus, perineum, vulva and inguinal area but extended up to the coronary band of the hindlimbs and chest areas. Epidural romifidine induced mild‐to‐moderate sedation at 30 and 40 μg/kg doses and deep sedation at the 50 μg/kg dose. The antinociceptive and sedative effect was dose‐dependent in terms of intensity and duration. Thus, epidural administration of romifidine was effective in providing antinociception and sedation in cattle, and can be used in standing flank and udder surgery in cattle.
Influence of mechanical stratigraphy on multi-layer gravity collapse structures: insights from the Orange Basin, South Africa
Authors: Dalton T. J. S. , Paton D. A. , Needham D. T. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Gravity collapse structures are common features on passive margins and typically have a tripartite configuration including an updip extensional domain, a transitional domain and a downdip compressional domain with a common detachment underlying the system. A number of studies have classified these systems, yet few document the wide variations in geometry. This study documents the gravity collapse structures of the Namibian and South African Orange Basin; these structures represent some of the best imaged examples of this important process. We first demonstrate the geometry and kinematic evolution of these systems, focusing on examples of the tripartite configuration from a typical collapse. We then highlight the significant variability in the structures of the system and describe features such as cross-cutting in margin-parallel sections, portions of the system with multiple detachments, systems with stacked synchronous detachments and the temporal evolution of faults within the system. By integrating our observations from a number of sections, we present a model explaining the spatial and temporal evolution of the system. This enables us to discuss likely causes of collapse structures and also, by placing the system into a well-constrained stratigraphic context, how the presence of both maximum flooding surfaces and early margin deltaic sequences have a fundamental control on the resulting collapse geometry.

Correction notice:
The original version was incorrect. Figure 9 was repeated in place of Figure 7.
Letter to a man: Nijinsky e Baryshnikov, a dança à l’envers na paisagem ótico-sonora de Robert Wilson
Authors: Ribeiro Martha 
Published: January 2016

<p>Ao analisar o espetáculo Letter to a man, de Robert Wilson, sobre os diários de Nijinsky, investiga-se a paisagem ótico-sonora do encenador e a dança fluida, sem peso, do ator e performer Mikhail Baryshnikov, a partir dos conceitos “corpo sem órgãos” e “dança às avessas” de Antonin Artaud; especialmente em relação aos seus últimos escritos, em Rodez. A cena sensorial de Wilson, que propositalmente abandona qualquer intenção comunicativa entre os canais visuais e sonoros, reflete de forma potente o pensamento artaudiano, sendo muito mais do que um teatro de imagem, como tem se referido a crítica até agora, e revela, de forma desconcertante, o parentesco entre Nijinsky e Artaud.</p>
O ALARGAMENTO DA RAZÃO NA LITERATURA DE VIAGENS DO SÉCULO XVI
Authors: Garcez Maria Helena Nery 
Published: January 2016

O TEXTO SE CONSTRÓI SOBRE DUAS LINHAS DE REFLEXÃO: DE UM LADO, AS NAVEGAÇÕES E OS DESCOBRIMENTOS ALARGARAM OS LIMITES DA RAZÃO; POR OUTRO, DILATARAMOS LIMITES DA MELANCOLIA OCIDENTAL. LUZES E SOMBRAS FICARAM DOCUMENTADAS EM: OS LUSÍADAS E PEREGRINAÇÃO. DEFENDE-SE NO TEXTO SER MAIS APROPRIADO CONSIDERAR O POEMA CAMONIANO UMA EPOPÉIA MANEIRISTA E A SELVA DE AVENTURAS DE MENDES PINTO UM RELATO OU NOVELA PICARESCA. CONCLUSÃO: SE DEPOIS DAS NAVEGAÇÕES A CIÊNCIA AVANÇOU, NA FILOSOFIA PASCAL(SÉC. XVII) INICIARÁ O PENSAMENTO TRÁGICO MODERNO.
O conto para jovens de Ricardo Ramos: Uma opção estética
Authors: Pinto Aroldo José Abreu 
Published: January 2016

As reflexões ora propostas buscam dar conta das imagens constituídas pelo narrador no conto “Herança”, de Ricardo Ramos, publicado na obra Estação primeira (São Paulo: Scipione, 1996) e indicada ao público juvenil. O intuito é demonstrar, à luz da teoria literária, que Ricardo Ramos parece sentir a necessidade de provocar uma reação, produzir um efeito no leitor com um modo de representação e um conteúdo representado que desnuda essência mesma da condição humana, sem, no entanto, abrir mão do caráter estético e, por isso mesmo, exigindo uma participação ativa do leitor no processo de interação com o texto ficcional.
Literatura, história e as primeiras obras de Terry Eagleton
Authors: Puglia Daniel 
Published: January 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar algumas das ideias presentes nos primeiros livros do ensaísta e crítico literário britânico Terry Eagleton. A contribuição de tais ideias para a análise das relações entre literatura e história serve como parâmetro para a discussão de obras importantes da recente crítica literária materialista, como por exemplo Marxism and literary criticism (1976) e Walter Benjamin, or towards a revolutionary criticism (1981).
A esperança como revide ou o maravilhoso mundo da literatura de Abdulai Sila
Authors: Cardoso Sebastião Marques 
Published: January 2016

Neste artigo, trataremos do conjunto da literatura de Abdulai Sila [1958-] e, em especial, de Dois tiros e uma gargalhada (2013), última publicação do escritor. Investigaremos como dois sistemas culturais de representação – o africano e o ocidental – apreendem a questão da História e de como esses sistemas se interagem na contemporaneidade. Para tanto, iremos discutir a figuração da identidade dos principais personagens de Sila, verificar neles redes e relações de alteridade, intersecções espaço-temporais e formas de identificação com a tradição. Suspeitamos, enfim, que há, nesse autor, um entendimento da História que recupera a magia cultural africana em contraposição à fatalidade da concepção de História posta pelo ocidente.
As línguas e as imagens do deslocamento em contos goeses e macaenses de língua portuguesa (1951-1975)
Authors: Braga Duarte Drumond 
Published: January 2016

As literaturas de língua portuguesa de Goa e Macau abundam em representações da errância e do deslocamento no período de 1951 a 1974, declínio do colonialismo português. Tendo como foco essa noção ou tema do deslocamento (a viagem, o exílio ou a diáspora) propõe-se pensar o incerto estatuto dessas literaturas, bem como a sua natureza periférica dentro do sistema literário de língua portuguesa, que se veriam figurados de forma interna aos textos enquanto interrogação da natureza dessas tradições literárias. Será também analisada a forma como a performance linguística nos textos literários abordados – envolvendo o confronto entre línguas, habitual nestes dois espaços plurilinguísticos – põe a nu as dependências do exterior e os conflitos internos e permite começar a pensar em termos sistémicos a construção destas literaturas.
Short Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Associated With Cardioembolic Stroke Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Allende Mikel , Molina Eva , González-Porras José Ramón , Toledo Estefanía , Lecumberri Ramón , Hermida José 
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—
The risk of cardioembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) cannot be accurately assessed and novel tools are needed to improve prediction. We hypothesize that telomere shortening constitutes a novel risk factor for cardioembolic stroke in patients with AF.

Methods—
The peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 187 patients with AF, 93 of them without stroke history and 94 of them having suffered 1 cardioembolic stroke. Percentiles were calculated according to LTL values in the nonstroke group to estimate the cardioembolic stroke risk associated with LTL using logistic regression models.

Results—
Short LTL values were independently and dose-dependently associated with an increased risk of cardioembolic stroke, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.93 (1.24–6.94) and 6.26 (2.01–19.52), respectively, for sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and age-adjusted models using the LTL 10th and 5th percentile cut-offs, respectively.

Conclusions—
Telomere shortening is associated with cardioembolic stroke risk in patients with AF. Prospective studies are encouraged to establish the value of LTL to improve prediction tools to categorize cardioembolic stroke risk in AF.
Does Quantile Mapping of Simulated Precipitation Correct for Biases in Transition Probabilities and Spell Lengths?
Authors: Rajczak Jan , Kotlarski Sven , Schär Christoph 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Climate impact studies constitute the basis for the formulation of adaptation strategies. Usually such assessments apply statistically postprocessed output of climate model projections to force impact models. Increasingly, time series with daily resolution are used, which require high consistency, for instance with respect to transition probabilities (TPs) between wet and dry days and spell durations. However, both climate models and commonly applied statistical tools have considerable uncertainties and drawbacks. This paper compares the ability of 1) raw regional climate model (RCM) output, 2) bias-corrected RCM output, and 3) a conventional weather generator (WG) that has been calibrated to match observed TPs to simulate the sequence of dry, wet, and very wet days at a set of long-term weather stations across Switzerland. The study finds systematic biases in TPs and spell lengths for raw RCM output, but a substantial improvement after bias correction using the deterministic quantile mapping technique. For the region considered, bias-corrected climate model output agrees well with observations in terms of TPs as well as dry and wet spell durations. For the majority of cases (models and stations) bias-corrected climate model output is similar in skill to a simple Markov chain stochastic weather generator. There is strong evidence that bias-corrected climate model simulations capture the atmospheric event sequence more realistically than a simple WG.
Impact of Strong ENSO on Regional Tropical Cyclone Activity in a High-Resolution Climate Model in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans
Authors: Krishnamurthy Lakshmi , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Msadek Rym , Murakami Hiroyuki , Wittenberg Andrew , Zeng Fanrong 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans is known to be affected by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study uses the GFDL Forecast Oriented Low Ocean Resolution Model (FLOR), which has relatively high resolution in the atmosphere, as a tool to investigate the sensitivity of TC activity to the strength of ENSO events. This study shows that TCs exhibit a nonlinear response to the strength of ENSO in the tropical eastern North Pacific (ENP) but a quasi-linear response in the tropical western North Pacific (WNP) and tropical North Atlantic. Specifically, a stronger El Niño results in disproportionate inhibition of TCs in the ENP and North Atlantic, and leads to an eastward shift in the location of TCs in the southeast of the WNP. However, the character of the response of TCs in the Pacific is insensitive to the amplitude of La Niña events. The eastward shift of TCs in the southeast of the WNP in response to a strong El Niño is due to an eastward shift of the convection and of the associated environmental conditions favorable for TCs. The inhibition of TC activity in the ENP and Atlantic during El Niño is attributed to the increase in the number of days with strong vertical wind shear during stronger El Niño events. These results are further substantiated with coupled model experiments. Understanding of the impact of strong ENSO on TC activity is important for present and future climate as the frequency of occurrence of extreme ENSO events is projected to increase in the future.