bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconciling Legal-Institutional and Behavioral Perspectives on Voter Turnout: Theory and Evidence from Pennsylvania, 1876–1948
Authors: Neiheisel Jacob R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFoundational studies in political science endeavored to explain the dynamics of voter turnout in America over time. Two theories, one focused on legal-institutional factors and the other on behavioral elements such as party mobilization strategies, were born from the need to account for temporal fluctuations in aggregate voter turnout. A comprehensive test of these competing theories has been hindered by the fact that reliable measures of the behavioral factors driving turnout have proven elusive. In this article, I develop and test an interactive theory of voter turnout that focuses on the impact of legal-institutional barriers to the franchise conditional on party organizational strength and mobilization efforts. To this end, I use data on the circulation of party-sponsored newspapers, coupled with information on the spread of voter registration requirements, to capture the effects of both behavioral and legal-institutional factors in Pennsylvania between 1876 and 1948. My results offer modest empirical support for an interactive theory of aggregate voter turnout. In isolation, however, the effects of behavioral factors are quite limited. On the contrary, legal-institutional variables exert a sizable impact on voter turnout in the state. Contrary to other recent work on the subject, careful analysis of the Pennsylvania case therefore provides a great deal of evidence in favor of legal-institutional accounts of the changes in aggregate voter turnout that were witnessed at the beginning of the twentieth century while demonstrating that behavioral factors, such as the decline of the partisan press, served to enhance the deleterious effects of legal reforms on turnout.
Tong Luo Jiu Nao, a Chinese Medicine Formula, Reduces Inflammatory Stress in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Gao Ai-She , Du Huan , Gao Qing , Wang Yi-Jing , Wang Xie-Yan , Liu Jian-Wei , Lu Bin 
Published: March 2016

Aim: The aim of this study is to extend the molecular mechanism of Tong Luo Jiu Nao (TLJN) for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is a modern Chinese formula that has been used to treat AD. Methods: The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain (SAMP8) is one of the most appropriate models to study the mechanism that underlies AD. The levels of plasma amyloid β (Aβ) and the Aβ deposits were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. Immunoblotting was used to observe the effect of TLJN on inflammatory mediator expression in an senescence-accelerated mouse model of AD. Results: Our data showed that the TLJN-treated groups exhibited a reduction in plasma Aβ levels and reduced Aβ expression. Moreover, TLJN effectively attenuated Aβ-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinases and blocked changes in inflammatory mediator expression. Conclusion: These data suggest that TLJN might have protective effects and could potentially act to attenuate inflammatory stress in the pathogenesis of AD.
Radial forces of stents used in thoracic endovascular aortic repair and bare self-expanding nitinol stents measured ex vivo – Rapid rescue for obstruction of the innominate artery using bare self-expanding nitinol stents
Authors: Matsumoto Takuya , Inoue Kentaro , Tanaka Shinichi , Aoyagi Yukihiko , Matsubara Yutaka , Matsuda Daisuke , Yoshiya Keiji , Yoshiga Ryosuke , Ohkusa Tomoko , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2016

Purpose Our objective was to compare the radial forces of several stents ex vivo to identify stents suitable for rescue of the unexpected coverage of aortic arch branches in thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Methods We measured the radial forces of two types of self-expanding bare nitinol stents (E-luminexx and Epic) used singly or as double-walled pairs, and of three endoprostheses used in thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR, Gore c-TAG, Relay, and Valiant) by compressing the stent using an MTS Instron universal testing machine (model #5582). We also examined the compressive effects of the TEVAR endoprostheses and the bare nitinol stents on each other. Results The radial force was greater in the center than at the edge of each stent. In all stents tested, the radial force decreased incrementally with increasing stent diameter. The radial force at the center was two times greater when using two stents than with a single stent. In the compression test, only E-luminexx used as a pair was not compressed after compressing a Relay endoprosthesis by 12 mm. Conclusion Two E-luminexx stents are appropriate to restore the blood flow if a TEVAR endoprosthesis covers the innominate artery following innominate–carotid–left subclavian arterial bypass.
FEEDING EFFECT OF INULIN DERIVED FROM DAHLIA TUBER COMBINED WITH Lactobacillus sp. ON MEAT PROTEIN MASS OF CROSSBRED KAMPONG CHICKEN
Authors: Abdurrahman Z. H. , Pramono Y. B. , Suthama N. 
Published: March 2016

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of feeding Lactobacillus species (Lactobacillus sp.) and inulin derived from dahlia tuber powder on antioxidant activity, calcium mass, and protein mass of crossbred kampong chicken meat. A total of 168 birds of 21 days old crossbred kampong chickens were randomly allocated into 6 treatments with four replications per treatment. The present experiment was assigned in a completely randomized design with 2 x 3 factorial scheme. The first factor was levels of dahlia tuber powder, namely 0.8% (A1) and 1.2% (A2), and the second factor was levels of Lactobacillus sp., namely none (B0), 1.2 mL (108 cfu/mL/B1) and 2.4 mL (108 cfu/mL/B2). The parameters measured were antioxidant activity, meat calcium and protein mass. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and followed by Duncan multiple range test (P
Identity in Discourse: The Translation of Article-Headlines in National Geographic
Authors: Antoniou Maria 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAnalysing a corpus of article-headlines selected from forty issues of National Geographic in its French electronic version contrasted to its Greek one, this paper examines the constrains (cognitive, cultural and social) observed in both versions in terms of characteristics of identity and of politeness. Findings demonstrate that cross-cultural differences emerge along with linguistics parameters and that translators attend target group’s enactment of pragmatic features. The degree of the enunciator’s involvement in his/her utterance varies in both versions, process that implies a differentiation in the preferences/characteristics of the specific audiences; characteristics to which both of the working languages seem to stay attached, reflecting a general attitude of each linguistic community.
Translation of Hyperbole and Understatement for Ideology Manipulation in the Press
Authors: Osękowska-Sandecka Jolanta 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe article begins with the assumption that that translators use hyperbole and understatement to manipulate ideology. The explication of it is embedded in the pragma-linguistic framework and supported with the discussion of the role of context perceived as the three-dimensional understanding of text production. The focus of this paper is on the negative application of these two ideologically loaded language tools in the context of the press. Accordingly, press translators need to be aware of the negative application of hyperboles and understatements for ideology purposes in the source text in relation to the surrounding context (textual, institutional, and social) and, next, be able to translate them adequately to the needs of the target text ideology in the target context. The purpose of this article is to verify this assumption and gain insight into such operations. In order to investigate it, a sample of articles from the British quality press and their translations published in Polish newspapers is used. The results show that hyperboles and understatements, indeed, possess ideological potential that contributes to the projected textual ideology. They are manipulated in translation, however, not invariably through alterations of these two devices themselves. Sometimes the manipulation occurs through omission or manipulation of of of the context in which they are employed while the hyperbole and understatements are translated rather literally. Independently of what technical decision the translator makes in reference to the devices as such, it is invariably performed in relation to the ideological demands of the target text.
Conceptualizing Events in Ukraine: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Online News Reports
Authors: Šeškauskienė Inesa , Ostanina-Olszewska Julia Ostanina-Olszewska 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe paper sets out to examine the metaphoricity of mediatized political discourse, particularly, news reports dealing with the conflict between Ukraine and Russia in its initial stage, from November 2013 to February 2014, as reflected in Lithuanian and Polish online press. The methodology of research relies on the principles of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Metaphor Identification Procedure (see Steen et al. 2010) and metaphorical patterns (Stefanowitsch 2004). Metaphorical expressions were identified in contexts surrounding three main content words identified with the AntConc (Anthony 2014) programme in Lithuanian and Polish corpus: Kyiv, Ukraine and Maidan. The results suggest that in the mediatized political discourse, these place-names are usually conceptualized as an animal or, more frequently, as a person, experiencing difficulties, suffering, feeling lost, angry, also ready to fight and able to make decisions and act independently. Another image is that of a traveller to Europe, an almost mythical destination, which is reflected in metaphorical expressions and the newly emerging compound Euromaidan. Another, slightly less numerously represented, tendency is concerned with Kyiv, Ukraine and Maidan conceptualized as objects and institutions. They include containers for (hot) fluid, a chiming bell, a toy, garbage, theatre, school, etc. Most metaphors employed in the texts are evaluative. Culture-specific features in conceptualizing events in Ukraine are mostly connected with some deeply entrenched images, like furrows and rural life in Lithuanian, and positing Poland as Ukraine’s ally and friend in Polish.
The Rhetoric of Othering in the Greek Parliament: Representations of the Troika and the Self/Other Dichotomy
Authors: Sosoni Vilemini 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCornelius Castoriadis (1987: 147) argues that all societies have a central imaginary in order to consider basic questions about their identity. Imaginary specifications provide an answer to these questions, while they assemble, adjust, fabricate and construct a society. In all this, language plays a crucial role. As Castoriadis points out, it is through language that these social imaginary significations become manifest and do their constitutive work. In the spirit of these claims and the assumption that identities are constructed discursively (Tekin 2010: 4), the present article uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to investigate the construction of the identity of the Troika – the common support mechanism for Greece in the wake of its sovereign debt crisis and threat of a disorderly default in 2010 consisting of the IMF, the European Central Bank and the European Commission. The aim is to determine how the different political parties construct the identity of the troika. Since identity necessarily concerns a relation to the Self and the Other, and othering is an important activity in the construction of identity, the paper studies the strategies of othering used in the Greek Parliament by the different political parties across all political affiliations during the parliamentary debate preceding the vote on the second bailout loan on 12 February, 2012. The paper also seeks to identify the social imaginary of Greek society and determine whether it is one of social division and dissimulation or one of unity and accord.
Crystal structure of bis(8-ethyl-5-oxo-2-(piperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylato-κ2
O,O′)copper(II) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate dihydrate, C36H42CuN10O12
Authors: Zhu Ling , Zhou Tian 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
C36H42CuN10O12, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 5.2227(1) Å, b = 10.9412(1) Å, c = 16.7603(2) Å, α = 96.292(1)°, β = 95.972(1)°, γ = 100.010(1)°, V = 930.02(2) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt
(F) = 0.0494, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1543, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 1,6-ditosyl-1,6-diazecane, C22H30N2O4S2
Authors: Li Guo Qiang , Meng Jiang Ping , Zhou Xia , Wang Qing , Xu Qiang 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
C22H30N2O4S2, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 13.6316(5) Å, b = 5.7462(2) Å, c = 14.1562(5) Å, β = 91.758(4)°, V = 1108.33(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0464, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1249, T = 293 K.
A Pharmacogenetic Discovery: Cystamine Protects Against Haloperidol-Induced Toxicity and Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Zhang Haili , Zheng Ming , Wu Manhong , Xu Dan , Nishimura Toshihiko , Nishimura Yuki , Giffard Rona , Xiong Xiaoxing , Xu Li Jun , Clark J David , Sahbaie Peyman , Dill David L , Peltz Gary 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHaloperidol is an effective antipsychotic agent, but it causes Parkinsonian-like extrapyramidal symptoms in the majority of treated subjects. To address this treatment-limiting toxicity, we analyzed a murine genetic model of haloperidol-induced toxicity (HIT). Analysis of a panel of consomic strains indicated that a genetic factor on chromosome 10 had a significant effect on susceptibility to HIT. We analyzed a whole-genome SNP database to identify allelic variants that were uniquely present on chromosome 10 in the strain that was previously shown to exhibit the highest level of susceptibility to HIT. This analysis implicated allelic variation within pantetheinase genes (Vnn1 and Vnn3), which we propose impaired the biosynthesis of cysteamine, could affect susceptibility to HIT. We demonstrate that administration of cystamine, which is rapidly metabolized to cysteamine, could completely prevent HIT in the murine model. Many of the haloperidol-induced gene expression changes in the striatum of the susceptible strain were reversed by cystamine coadministration. Since cystamine administration has previously been shown to have other neuroprotective actions, we investigated whether cystamine administration could have a broader neuroprotective effect. Cystamine administration caused a 23% reduction in infarct volume after experimentally induced cerebral ischemia. Characterization of this novel pharmacogenetic factor for HIT has identified a new approach for preventing the treatment-limiting toxicity of an antipsychotic agent, which could also be used to reduce the extent of brain damage after stroke.
Students, Faculty, And Administrators Perception Of Students Evaluations Of Faculty In Higher Education Business Schools
Authors: Gaillard Franklin D. , Mitchell Sonja P. , Kavota Vahwere 
Published: March 2016

This literature review analyzes students’ evaluations of faculty in higher education business schools. Particularly, differences in perception amongst students, faculty and administrators are examined across variables deemed significant by scholars. Each academic year students are requested to complete faculty evaluation forms for the classes they take at almost every university (Mohammad Ahmadi, Marilyn M. Helm, Farhad Raiszadeh [2001]. Numerous approaches and research related to students’ evaluations of faculty have been conducted and have led to different results and conclusions. Students’ evaluations of faculty have been used primarily for faculty promotion, salary raises, tenure, teaching efficiency, retention or faculty dismissal. Nevertheless, students, faculty and administrators have mixed feelings and perceptions about the students’ evaluations of faculty. This paper examines the views and perceptions of business major students and faculty at the School of Business at Hampton University. Business students and faculty will be asked to complete a various survey instruments. Results will be examined and presented.
The Effects Of Students Predispositions Toward Communication, Learning Styles, And Sex On Academic Achievement
Authors: Allen Jerry L. , Long Kathleen M. , O'Mara Joan , Judd Ben B. 
Published: March 2016

Females are more apprehensive when talking in class, but more nonverbally immediate, and prefer a collaborative learning style. Males prefer independent and avoidant learning styles, and report learning less than females.
Maturity Effects On Students Perceptions Of How Accounting Scandals Impact The Accounting Profession
Authors: Theuri Peter , Weickgenannt Andrea 
Published: March 2016

This study examines the impact of recent ethical scandals on business students’ perceptions of the accounting profession and related regulatory reforms, and whether such perceptions may be differentiated by maturity. Student maturity is distinguished by age, class standing, and number of accounting classes taken so far. The study results are based on a survey of student perceptions regarding their understanding of recent accounting scandals and related regulations, the adequacy of the response (from the profession as well as Congress) to these scandals, and the ensuing viability of the accounting profession. Student maturity is found to be a significant determinant of differentiation in these perceptions. Among the results presented, it is interesting to note that more mature students perceive the accounting profession as being more viable than less mature students; however, less mature students purport to have a better understanding of the ethical scandals. The findings of this study have important implications for academicians in their efforts to engage students in meaningful dialog regarding ethical and professional issues.
Relationship Between Achievement Goals, Meta-Cognition And Academic Success In Pakistan
Authors: Sarwar Muhammad , Yousuf Muhammad Imran , Hussain Shafqat , Noreen Shumaila 
Published: March 2016

The research was the replication of the study done by Coutinho (2006) and it aimed at finding the relationship between achievement goals, meta-cognition and academic success. Achievement goals were further divided into two types: mastery and performance. The participants were 119 students enrolled in M. A. Education, Department of Education at the University of Sargodha. The questionnaire used in the original study, along with Urdu translation, was administered to the participants. The questionnaire consisted of three sections measuring mastery goals, performance goals, and meta-cognition, respectively. The academic achievement record was taken from the Office of Department of Education. Academic achievement was taken as marked and obtained at the Matric, Intermediate, Bachelors, and M.A. levels. It was concluded there is no significant correlation between mastery goals and academic achievement. Similarly, there was no significant correlation between performance goals and academic achievement at Matric, Intermediate and Bachelor levels. However, negative correlation was observed between performance goals and achievement at the masters level. The researchers found no significant relationship between meta-cognition and academic achievement at all levels and there were no significant gender differences in mastery goals, performance goals and meta-cognition.
Kinetic evaluation of nitrification performance in an immobilized cell membrane bioreactor
Authors: Güven D. , Ubay Çokgör E. , Sözen S. , Orhon D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHigh rate membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems operated at extremely low sludge ages (superfast membrane bioreactors (SFMBRs)) are inefficient to achieve nitrogen removal, due to insufficient retention time for nitrifiers. Moreover, frequent chemical cleaning is required due to high biomass flux. This study aims to satisfy the nitrification in SFMBRs by using sponge as carriers, leading to the extension of the residence time of microorganisms. In order to test the limits of nitrification, bioreactor was run under 52, 5 and 2 days of carrier residence time (CRT), with a hydraulic retention time of 6 h. Different degrees of nitrification were obtained for different CRTs. Sponge immobilized SFMBR operation with short CRT resulted in partial nitrification indicating selective dominancy of ammonia oxidizers. At higher CRT, simultaneous nitrification–denitrification was achieved when accompanying with oxygen limitation. Process kinetics was determined through evaluation of the results by a modeling study. Nitrifier partition in the reactor was also identified by model calibration.
Analyse statistique des affaires d’ententes dans l’UE (2004-2014)
Authors: Broos Sébastien , Gautier Axel , Ramos Jorge Marcos , Petit Nicolas 
Published: March 2016

À partir d’une base de données originale rassemblant toutes les ententes sanctionnées par la Commission européenne depuis mai 2004, nous présentons des résultats statistiques relatifs au « design » des ententes et aux aspects procéduraux au niveau de la Commission et du Tribunal de l’Union européenne. L’étude souligne l’importance de la clémence et de la récidive, la première étant sollicitée par plus de la moitié des entreprises et donnant lieu à une réduction d’amende de 37 % en moyenne ; la seconde étant fréquente avec 27 % des condamnations qui concernent des récidivistes sans que la majoration de l’amende soit systématique. L’étude montre aussi l’importance de l’appel devant le Tribunal et son faible taux de succès avec un taux de maintien des amendes de 63 %. Enfin, l’étude met en avant certains facteurs qui influencent le succès de l’appel, comme l’importance de l’affaire.
Rétention des demandeurs d’asile et droit à la liberté et à la sûreté : Les errements stratégiques de la Cour de justice
Authors: Peyronnet Chloé 
Published: March 2016

Si les renvois préjudiciels en appréciation de validité permettent de contrôler la conformité du droit dérivé au droit primaire, ils sont aussi l’occasion de préciser les contours de ce dernier. Dans l’affaire J. N., le Conseil d’État néerlandais interrogeait la Cour de justice sur la conformité de la rétention des demandeurs d’asile telle qu’encadrée par la directive « accueil » au droit à la liberté et à la sûreté. Y répondre impliquait de clarifier la teneur de ce droit, auquel la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne et la Convention de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales accordent une protection différenciée. Renvoyant implicitement à son avis 2/13, la Cour de justice écarte sans ambages l’article 5 de la Convention EDH pour proposer une interprétation autonome de l’article 6 de la Charte des droits fondamentaux. Cette théorie de la « Charte-écran » ne doit pas tromper : possible symptôme d’une volonté d’émancipation, elle permet surtout d’éviter la circonscription de la rétention des demandeurs d’asile aux hypothèses liées à une procédure pénale, conséquence inévitable d’un contrôle au regard de la Convention.