bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortical blindness induced by hepatic encephalopathy: case report and review of published case reports
Authors: Cheng‐Tagome Shaohua , Yamamoto Akitaka , Suzuki Kei , Katayama Naoyuki , Imai Hiroshi 
Published: July 2016

CaseCortical blindness induced by hepatic encephalopathy is an extremely rare complication and its epidemiology has not been studied in great detail. We report a 63‐year‐old man with liver cirrhosis who developed sudden bilateral visual impairment.OutcomeOn arrival at hospital, the patient had orientation disturbance, slurred speech, and mild disturbance of consciousness with impaired vision (light sense). He had no focal neurological deficits except for bilateral blindness. Cerebral stroke was suspected, but imaging and ophthalmological examination did not reveal major abnormalities. An increased concentration of ammonia in blood suggested hepatic encephalopathy; a diagnosis of cortical blindness was proposed. His vision returned gradually with relief of hepatic encephalopathy.ConclusionCortical blindness can be an initial symptom of hepatic encephalopathy without severe disturbance of consciousness, and can be misdiagnosed as cerebral stroke. Cortical blindness induced by hepatic encephalopathy has been reported in only 10 cases, including our patient, and merits further evaluation.
Perovskite SrCo0.9Nb0.1O3−δ as an Anion‐Intercalated Electrode Material for Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Volumetric Energy Density
Authors: Zhu Liang , Liu Yu , Su Chao , Zhou Wei , Liu Meilin , Shao Zongping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe have synthesized and characterized perovskite‐type SrCo0.9Nb0.1O3−δ (SCN) as a novel anion‐intercalated electrode material for supercapacitors in an aqueous KOH electrolyte, demonstrating a very high volumetric capacitance of about 2034.6 F cm−3 (and gravimetric capacitance of ca. 773.6 F g−1) at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 while maintaining excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 95.7 % after 3000 cycles. When coupled with an activated carbon (AC) electrode, the SCN/AC asymmetric supercapacitor delivered a specific energy density as high as 37.6 Wh kg−1 with robust long‐term stability.
The Natural History Supplement: Furthering Natural History Amongst Ecologists and Evolutionary Biologists
Authors: LoPresti Eric F. , Karban Richard , Robinson Moria , Grof‐Tisza Patrick , Wetzel William 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMost ecologists and evolutionary biologists practice natural history, whether in the lab, field or greenhouse. This information generally does not get disseminated, especially in the short form journals that are increasing in popularity. We propose that papers include a natural history supplement to present data and observations which would otherwise remain in field notebooks, photographs or memory that have the potential to inform future investigations. The time for this small addition is upon us: we now have practically free publication space, statistical methods to integrate data across studies (meta‐analyses), and tools to rigorously analyze media files. With a minimum expenditure of effort, we can archive and make available this useful information and perhaps, in a small way, incentivize natural history to present and future generations of ecologists.
Facile Construction of Random Gene Mutagenesis Library for Directed Evolution Without the Use of Restriction Enzyme in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kim Jae‐Eung , Huang Rui , Chen Hui , You Chun , Zhang Y.‐H. Percival 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA foolproof protocol was developed for the construction of mutant DNA library for directed protein evolution. First, a library of linear mutant gene was generated by error‐prone PCR or molecular shuffling, and a linear vector backbone was prepared by high‐fidelity PCR. Second, the amplified insert and vector fragments were assembled by overlap‐extension PCR with a pair of 5'‐phosphorylated primers. Third, full‐length linear plasmids with phosphorylated 5'‐ends were self‐ligated with T4 ligase, yielding circular plasmids encoding mutant variants suitable for high‐efficiency transformation. Self‐made competent Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) showed a transformation efficiency of 2.4 × 105 cfu/µg of the self‐ligated circular plasmid. Using this method, three mutants of mCherry fluorescent protein were found to alter their colors and fluorescent intensities under visible and UV lights, respectively. Also, one mutant of 6‐phosphorogluconate dehydrogenase from a thermophilic bacterium Moorella thermoacetica was found to show the 3.5‐fold improved catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) on NAD+ as compared to the wild‐type. This protocol is DNA‐sequence independent, and does not require restriction enzymes, special E. coli host, or labor‐intensive optimization. In addition, this protocol can be used for subcloning the relatively long DNA sequences into any position of plasmids.
Impact of age on adjuvant chemotherapy after radical resection in patients with non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhai Xiaoyu , Yang Lu , Chen Sipeng , Zheng Qiwen , Wang Ziping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAdjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) after radical surgery is known to improve the survival of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there are few studies reporting the impact of age on the efficacy of ACT in NSCLC patients. All patients who received postoperative ACT in the Cancer Hospital, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, between 2001 and 2013 with complete records in the database of the hospital and met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study for analysis. The primary end point was disease‐free survival (DFS) in terms of age. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier estimates, log‐rank tests, and Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used, survival analysis and subgroup analysis of the match data were carried out. Of 1095 patients with stage IB to stage IIIA NSCLC who underwent radical resection, 865 cases who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Of them, 156 (18.0%) patients were 65 years old or older, and the remaining 709 (82.0%) patients were younger than 65. The DFS between the younger group and the elderly group was not significantly different neither before PSM (100.714 weeks [95% CI: 84.421, 117.007] vs. 99.571 weeks [95% CI: 82.621, 116.522]; P = 0.555) nor after PSM (104.857 weeks [95% CI: 81.495, 128.220] vs. 97.429 weeks [95% CI: 81.743, 113.114]; P = 0.328) using the Kaplan–Meier method.The results suggest that the benefit on DFS was similar regardless of age of NSCLC patients. ACT should not be withheld from elderly patients. However, these conclusions are limited by the nature of this retrospective study, and therefore prospective trials are required for further verification.
Engineering Large Animal Species to Model Human Diseases
Authors: Rogers Christopher S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAnimal models are an important resource for studying human diseases. Genetically engineered mice are the most commonly used species and have made significant contributions to our understanding of basic biology, disease mechanisms, and drug development. However, they often fail to recreate important aspects of human diseases and thus can have limited utility as translational research tools. Developing disease models in species more similar to humans may provide a better setting in which to study disease pathogenesis and test new treatments. This unit provides an overview of the history of genetically engineered large animals and the techniques that have made their development possible. Factors to consider when planning a large animal model, including choice of species, type of modification and methodology, characterization, production methods, and regulatory compliance, are also covered. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Depletion of Ribosomal RNA Sequences from Single‐Cell RNA‐Sequencing Library
Authors: Fang Nan , Akinci‐Tolun Rumeysa 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent advances in single‐cell RNA sequencing technologies have revealed high heterogeneity of gene expression profiles in individual cells. However, most current single‐cell RNA‐seq methods use oligo‐dT priming in the reverse transcription steps and detect only polyA‐positive for more accuracy, since there are also polyA‐positive non‐coding RNAs transcripts, not other important RNA species, such as polyA‐negative noncoding RNA. Reverse transcription using random oligos enables detection of not only the noncoding RNA species without polyA tails, but also ribosomal RNA (rRNA). rRNA comprises more than 90% of the total RNA and should be depleted from the RNA‐seq library to ensure efficient usage of the sequencing capacity. Commonly used hybridization‐based rRNA depletion methods can preserve noncoding RNA in the standard RNA‐seq library. However, such rRNA depletion methods require high input amounts of total RNA and do not work at the single‐cell level or with limited input DNA. This unit describes a novel procedure for RNA‐seq library construction from single cells or a minimal amount of RNA. A thermostable duplex‐specific nuclease is used in this method to effectively remove ribosomal RNA sequences following whole‐transcriptome amplification and sequencing library construction. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction to Gene Editing and Manipulation Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology
Authors: Newman Martin , Ausubel Frederick M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUntil very recently, the prospect of introducing mutations or exogenous DNA sequences at precise locations in the genomes of plants and animals was difficult, if not impossible. This rapidly changed with the demonstration that the type II CRISPR‐Cas complex, a bacterial anti‐viral surveillance system, could be engineered into a simple and robust platform for introducing double‐stranded DNA breaks at nearly any position of plant and animal genomes. The prospect of efficiently creating tailored changes to a gene of interest is revolutionizing biomedical research, allowing exciting new questions to be asked. This overview introduces CRISPR‐Cas technology as a tool for molecular biology and briefly discusses the advantages of this method over earlier techniques, as well as unique opportunities to create new avenues of research. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
New Horizons for Perovskite Solar Cells Employing DNA‐CTMA as the Hole‐Transporting Material
Authors: Yusoff Abd. Rashid bin Mohd , Kim Jeongmo , Jang Jin , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover are the groups at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and Kyung Hee University, who successfully applied DNA as the hole‐transporting layer in a perovskite solar cell. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201600288.
Early weaning impairs a social contagion of pain‐related stretching behavior in mice
Authors: Kikusui Takefumi , Ishio Yukino , Nagasawa Miho , Mogil Jeffrey S. , Mogi Kazutaka 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPain sensitivity in mice can be modulated through exposure to familiar individuals. This phenomenon is considered a form of emotional contagion, thought to be an evolutionary precursor of empathy in mammals. In particular, mother–infant interactions early in life can considerably alter empathy development. Here, we demonstrated that pairs of mice that were simultaneously administered with a noxious stimulus (acetic acid) exhibited more pain‐related behaviors than when one of the pair was treated with a noxious stimulus. However, these differences disappeared when mice were separated from the dam 1 week earlier than the typical weaning age. Even when mice were alone, when treated with acetic acid, early weaning decreased their pain response. These results suggested that the disruption of mother–infant bonding through early weaning impairs pain contagion and modulates sensitivity to pain.
The legitimizing role of accent on discrimination against immigrants
Authors: de Souza Luana Elayne Cunha , Pereira Cicero Roberto , Camino Leoncio , de Lima Tiago Jessé Souza , Torres Ana Raquel Rosas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article analyses the influence of accent on discrimination against immigrants by examining the hypothesis that accent leads to discrimination only in more prejudiced individuals, merely because people speaking with a native accent are perceived to be better qualified than those whose accent is non‐standard. In Study 1 (N = 71), we found that only prejudiced individuals use accent to discriminate against immigrants. In Study 2 (N = 124), we replicated this effect and found that the influence of accent on discrimination is mediated by the perceived quality of the accent. Study 3 (N = 105) replicated the previous results even after controlling for the effect of stereotyping. These results are the first experimental illustration of the hypothesis that accent triggers intergroup discrimination only among prejudiced individuals because they evaluate native accents as being qualitatively better than accents of immigrants, thereby legitimizing ingroup bias.
Effects of temperature and equivalence ratio on mass balance and energy analysis in loblolly pine oxygen gasification
Authors: Abdoulmoumine Nourredine , Kulkarni Avanti , Adhikari Sushil 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of temperature and equivalence ratios (ERs) on the distribution of products (primary gases carbon monoxide [CO], H2, CH4, CO2), gas phase contaminants (tar, NH3, HCN, H2S, HCl), char, carbon, and inorganics), and energy flows on an oxygen‐blown bubbling fluidized bed gasifier system using loblolly pine. The goal and value of this study was to provide quantitative and qualitative performance analysis and data for process engineering and optimization of these fledgling biomass conversion systems. As temperature and ER increased, mass balance closures also increased from 94.73% to 96.72% for temperature and 89.82–96.93% for ER. In addition, the carbon closures ranged from 80.77% to 92.29% and from 79.09% to 87.13% as temperature and ER increased, respectively. Carbon conversion efficiency to gas product ranged from 72.26% to 84.32% as temperature increased and from 72.26% to 84.66% as ER increased. Carbon flow analysis showed that the char product streams retained 10.26–6.94% and 8.82–2.13% of the carbon fed to the gasifier as temperature and ER increased, respectively. The carbon content in the liquid condensate was minimal compared to the carbon in other product streams and accounted for less than 0.1% of the carbon input to the gasifier at all conditions. The cold and hot gas efficiencies increased from 56.12% to 67.45% and from 67.51% to 83.83% as temperature increased due to higher production of CO and hydrogen (H2). In contrast, cold and hot gas efficiencies decreased from 63.85% to 52.84% and from 78.06% to 73.00% as ER increased, respectively, due to enhanced oxidation of gas products resulting in a net decrease in heating value.
Leakage currents precede short circuits in PVC‐insulated cable when exposed to external radiant heat
Authors: Iwashita Tomoyasu , Keller Michael R. , Hagimoto Yasuaki , Sugawa Osami 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe mechanism of how and when an arcing short or a physical short occurs on a polyvinyl chloride (PVC)‐insulated cable when exposed to radiant heat flux has been found experimentally. How this mechanism acts on the size of the resulting arc beads is also considered. As a physical short usually changes into an arcing short in an instant, it is difficult to determine which type of short circuit occurs as the first phenomenon. To solve this difficulty, a short circuit current was limited to the order of an ampere, which is large enough to trigger an arcing short, and short circuit tests were conducted with a PVC‐insulated cable. Before an arcing short, a small amount of leakage current in the order of milliamperes was observed flowing through PVC insulation, which gradually increased and finally turned into an arc. On the other hand, no leakage current was observed before a physical short. These results indicate the following mechanism: When PVC insulation between conductors in a cable melts when a heat flux is applied, conductors often come close to and into contact with each other. In this case, the leakage current is unrecognizably small because the PVC insulation is not yet carbonized and still has a high resistivity. Meanwhile, when conductors do not come into contact with each other, PVC insulation is gradually carbonized and the leakage current increases until an arcing‐through‐char occurs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Following Inspiration: A Conversation With Former First Lady Rosalynn Carter
Authors: Parham William D. , Clauss‐Ehlers Caroline S. 
Published: July 2016

Our distinguished guest for the 3rd installment in this inaugural Hearing our Elders series is former First Lady Rosalynn Carter. Mrs. Carter is arguably among the most active former First Ladies since she and her husband, the 39th President of the United States, James Earl “Jimmy” Carter, left the White House in 1981. The zeitgeist of the mid‐1950s through the 1970s provides the context that frames Mrs. Carter's responses to questions about her involvement in the mental health movement that continues to the present day. The historical as well as contemporary social and political environments relative to understanding and appreciating mental health and wellness in the United States, then and now, are explored and illuminated in portions of the interview with Mrs. Carter. The interview revealed 6 critical themes: really listening with an empathic ear, resilience/persistence, commitment across time, thinking like a global citizen, a quiet‐storm leadership style, and self‐discovery in service to others.Nuestra distinguida invitada en la 3ª entrega de esta serie inaugural de Escuchar a Nuestros Mayores es la ex Primera Dama Rosalynn Carter. La señora Carter es sin duda una de las ex primeras damas más activas desde que en 1981 dejó la Casa Blanca junto con su marido, el 39° Presidente de los Estados Unidos James Earl “Jimmy” Carter. El espíritu cultural del periodo entre la mitad de la década de los años 50 hasta los 70 proporciona el contexto en el que se enmarcan las respuestas de la señora Carter a preguntas sobre su implicación en el movimiento para la salud mental que continúa hasta hoy. Los entornos social y político de ayer y hoy, tanto en su perspectiva histórica como contemporánea, y cómo estos se relacionan con la comprensión y valoración de la salud y bienestar mental en los Estados Unidos se exploran e ilustran en varios segmentos de la entrevista con la señora Carter. Esta entrevista reveló 6 temas críticos: la escucha con atención y empatía, la resiliencia/persistencia, el compromiso a lo largo del tiempo, el pensamiento como ciudadanos globales, un estilo de liderazgo firme pero calmado, y el autodescubrimiento a través del servicio a otros.
Validation of a Standardized Multiple‐Choice Multicultural Competence Test: Implications for Training, Assessment, and Practice
Authors: Gillem Angela R. , Bartoli Eleonora , Bertsch Kristin N. , McCarthy Maureen A. , Constant Kerra , Marrero‐Meisky Sheila , Robbins Steven J. , Bellamy Scarlett 
Published: July 2016

The Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy Test (MCPT), a measure of multicultural counseling competence (MCC), was validated in 2 phases. In Phase 1, the authors administered 451 test items derived from multicultural guidelines in counseling and psychology to 32 multicultural experts and 30 nonexperts. In Phase 2, the authors administered the top 50 discriminative items to licensed mental health professionals (N = 227) and compared MCPT scores to external indicators of MCC. Evidence was found for the construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the MCPT.El Test de Consejería Multicultural y Psicoterapia (MCPT, por sus siglas en inglés), una medida de la competencia en consejería multicultural (MCC, por sus siglas en inglés) fue validado en dos fases. En la Fase 1, los autores administraron 451 elementos del test derivados de las pautas multiculturales en consejería y psicología a 32 expertos multiculturales y 30 no expertos. En la Fase 2, los autores administraron los 50 elementos más discriminativos a profesionales licenciados de la salud mental (N = 227) y compararon los puntajes del MCPT con indicadores externos de MCC. Se hallaron evidencias de la validez del constructo y la fiabilidad de la consistencia interna del MCPT.
Fusion angle affects intervertebral adjacent spinal segment joint forces—Model‐based analysis of patient specific alignment
Authors: Senteler Marco , Weisse Bernhard , Rothenfluh Dominique A. , Farshad Mazda T. , Snedeker Jess G. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis study addresses the hypothesis that adjacent segment intervertebral joint loads are sensitive to the degree of lordosis that is surgically imposed during vertebral fusion. Adjacent segment degeneration is often observed after lumbar fusion, but a causative mechanism is not yet clearly evident. Altered kinematics of the adjacent segments and potentially nonphysiological mechanical joint loads have been implicated in this process. However, little is known of how altered alignment and kinematics influence loading of the adjacent intervertebral joints under consideration of active muscle forces. This study investigated these effects by simulating L4/5 fusions using kinematics‐driven musculoskeletal models of one generic and eight sagittal alignment‐specific models. Models featured different spinopelvic configurations but were normalized by body height, masses, and muscle properties. Fusion of the L4/5 segment was implemented in an in situ (22°), hyperlordotic (32°), and hypolordotic (8°) fashion and kinematic input parameters were changed accordingly based on findings of an in vitro investigation. Bending motion from upright standing to 45° forward flexion and back was simulated for all models in intact and fused conditions. Joint loads at adjacent levels and moment arms of spinal muscles experienced changes after all types of fusion. Hypolordotic configuration led to an increase of adjacent segment (L3/4) shear forces of 29% on average, whereas hyperlordotic fusion reduced shear by 39%. Overall, L4/5 in situ fusion resulted in intervertebral joint forces closest to intact loading conditions. An artificial decrease in lumbar lordosis (minus 14° on average) caused by an L4/5 fusion lead to adverse loading conditions, particularly at the cranial adjacent levels, and altered muscle moment arms, in particular for muscles in the vicinity of the fusion. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:131–139, 2017.