bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellulose Nanofibers as a Modifier for Rheology, Curing and Mechanical Performance of Oil Well Cement
Authors: Sun Xiuxuan , Wu Qinglin , Lee Sunyoung , Qing Yan , Wu Yiqiang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe influence of nanocellulose on oil well cement (OWC) properties is not known in detail, despite recent advances in nanocellulose technology and its related composite materials. The effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) on flow, hydration, morphology, and strength of OWC was investigated using a range of spectroscopic methods coupled with rheological modelling and strength analysis. The Vom-Berg model showed the best fitting result of the rheology data. The addition of CNFs increased the yield stress of OWC slurry and degree of hydration value of hydrated CNF-OWC composites. The flexural strength of hydrated OWC samples was increased by 20.7% at the CNF/OWC ratio of 0.04 wt%. Excessive addition of CNFs into OWC matrix had a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of hydrated CNF-OWC composites. This phenomenon was attributed to the aggregation of CNFs as observed through coupled morphological and elemental analysis. This study demonstrates a sustainable reinforcing nano-material for use in cement-based formulations.
Tailoring particle translocation via dielectrophoresis in pore channels
Authors: Tanaka Shoji , Tsutsui Makusu , Theodore Hu , Yuhui He , Arima Akihide , Tsuji Tetsuro , Doi Kentaro , Kawano Satoyuki , Taniguchi Masateru , Kawai Tomoji 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUnderstanding and controlling electrophoretic motions of nanoscopic objects in fluidic channels are a central challenge in developing nanopore technology for molecular analyses. Although progress has been made in slowing the translocation velocity to meet the requirement for electrical detections of analytes via picoampere current measurements, there exists no method useful for regulating particle flows in the transverse directions. Here, we report the use of dielectrophoresis to manipulate the single-particle passage through a solid-state pore. We created a trap field by applying AC voltage between electrodes embedded in a low-aspect-ratio micropore. We demonstrated a traffic control of particles to go through center or near side surface via the voltage frequency. We also found enhanced capture efficiency along with faster escaping speed of particles by virtue of the AC-mediated electroosmosis. This method is compatible with nanopore sensing and would be widely applied for reducing off-axis effects to achieve single-molecule identification.
GalaxyRefineComplex: Refinement of protein-protein complex model structures driven by interface repacking
Authors: Heo Lim , Lee Hasup , Seok Chaok 
Published: August 2016

AbstractProtein-protein docking methods have been widely used to gain an atomic-level understanding of protein interactions. However, docking methods that employ low-resolution energy functions are popular because of computational efficiency. Low-resolution docking tends to generate protein complex structures that are not fully optimized. GalaxyRefineComplex takes such low-resolution docking structures and refines them to improve model accuracy in terms of both interface contact and inter-protein orientation. This refinement method allows flexibility at the protein interface and in the overall docking structure to capture conformational changes that occur upon binding. Symmetric refinement is also provided for symmetric homo-complexes. This method was validated by refining models produced by available docking programs, including ZDOCK and M-ZDOCK, and was successfully applied to CAPRI targets in a blind fashion. An example of using the refinement method with an existing docking method for ligand binding mode prediction of a drug target is also presented. A web server that implements the method is freely available at http://galaxy.seoklab.org/refinecomplex.
Procedure-Related Complications and Survival Following Fetoscopic Endotracheal Occlusion (FETO) for Severe Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in the FETO Era
Authors: Tonni Gabriele , Martins Wellington , Ruano Rodrigo , Araujo Júnior Edward 
Published: August 2016

Introduction This study aims to assess the procedure-related complications and survival following fetoscopic endotracheal occlusion (FETO) for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
Materials and Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of PubMed and Scopus database searching for FETO procedure in severe CDH (lung-to-head ratio [LHR] < 1.0 and/or observed/expected LHR < 0.26 and > 1/3 liver herniation) were performed. The relative risk was assessed and 95% confidence interval (CI) calculated. Procedure complications and survival were compared between FETO and randomized controlled trial (RCT) as well as observational case–control studies.
Results A total of 4,807 records were retrieved based on the title and abstracts, and 18 studies were eligible for statistical analysis (1 RCT and 17 observational case–control studies). Relative risk (95% CI) comparing FETO and controls for premature rupture of membrane, preterm birth < 32 weeks, preterm birth < 37 weeks, survival at 30 days, and survival at 6 months were 1.7 (0.8–2.4), 7.3 (0.4–134), 1.8 (0.8–3.9), 5.8 (1.5–22.9), and 10.5 (1.5–74.7), respectively. Mean difference (95% CI) for gestational age at delivery comparing FETO and controls was 1.8 (−3.1 to −0.5). All these outcomes showed a low level of evidence.
Conclusion FETO procedure increased the neonatal survival at 30 days and 6 months; however, it presented a higher rate of premature rupture of membrane, preterm birth < 37 weeks, and decreased the gestational age at delivery by 2 weeks. Nonetheless, the level of evidence is low for all these outcomes. We suggested a large international multicenter RCT to prove the real benefits of FETO.
The relationship between space and mutual interaction: Kant contra Newton and Leibniz
Authors: Messina James 
Published: August 2016

AbstractKant claims that we cannot cognize the mutual interaction of substances without their being in space; he also claims that we cannot cognize a ‘spatial community’ among substances without their being in mutual interaction. I situate these theses in their historical context and consider Kant’s reasons for accepting them. I argue that they rest on commitments regarding the metaphysical grounding of, first, the possibility of mutual interaction among substances-as-appearances and, second, the actuality of specific distance-relations among such substances. By illuminating these commitments, I shed light on Kant’s metaphysics of space and its relation to Newton and Leibniz’s views.
The Role of Emotional Language in Briefs before the US Supreme Court
Authors: Black Ryan C. , Hall Matthew E. K. , Owens Ryan J. , Ringsmuth Eve M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe legal brief is a primary vehicle by which lawyers seek to persuade appellate judges. Despite wide acceptance that briefs are important, empirical scholarship has yet to establish their influence on the Supreme Court or fully explore justices’ preferences regarding them. We argue that emotional language conveys a lack of credibility to justices and thereby diminishes the party’s likelihood of garnering justices’ votes. The data concur. Using an automated textual analysis program, we find that parties who employ less emotional language in their briefs are more likely to win a justice’s vote, a result that holds even after controlling for other features correlated with success, such as case quality. These findings suggest that advocates seeking to influence judges can enhance their credibility and attract justices’ votes by employing measured, objective language.
Identify Potential Solutions
Authors: Chevallier Arnaud 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The fifth chapter, “Identify potential solutions,” shows how to start the active search for a solution. Building on the diagnosis, it explains how to frame the solution phase, develop a solution key question, and capture it in a how card. The chapter also demonstrates how to use a solution map to identify and organize potential solutions. It describes how to promote divergent thinking in finding solutions through looking for alternative ways to answer the key question, rather than focusing on the sequential steps needed to implement one solution. The chapter also provides additional suggestions for following the four rules of issue maps, including ideas to work effectively in groups, to leverage teams made up of people with different expertise, and to identify when a map is sufficiently explicit. It also describes three dynamics to help groups be creative—brainstorming, brainwriting, and using the Delphi method—and explains when each approach is useful.
Phenomena and Theory
Authors: Lewis Peter J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The distinctively quantum mechanical phenomena of interference and entanglement are explained. The theory of quantum mechanics that accounts for these phenomena is presented in its two forms: matrix mechanics and wave mechanics. It is argued that while these accounts have some of the superficial trappings of scientific explanation, they fail to provide an explanation in the sense of a description of the entities or properties responsible for the phenomena. In fact, the theory is remarkably silent regarding the physical states represented by the theory. The need for an interpretation of the quantum formalism—a way of understanding it as descriptive of the world—is defended.
Primate abundance and distribution: background concepts and methods
Authors: Campbell Genevieve , Head Josephine , Junker Jessica , Nekaris K.A.I. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Primate distribution, abundance, as well as their spatial and temporal population trends, are important data to collect in the aim of gaining knowledge on ecosystem functioning, but can also form the basis for management decisions and offer a means by which to evaluate the effectiveness of different conservation strategies. However, estimates of species distribution, population size, and trends may vary considerably in quality depending on the choice of survey design and the methods used. In this chapter, details are provided on the different steps involved in the planning of a primate survey, and three case studies are used to illustrate the variety of options available according to study species and survey objectives. When carefully designed, a primate survey can yield precise and accurate estimates of population distribution, abundance and trends, and thus provide an information source which supports researchers, wildlife managers and local government in decision-making processes.
Industrial Policy in Senegal
Authors: Cisse Fatou , Choi Ji Eun , Maurel Mathilde 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Senegal is the fourth largest economy in West Africa, with a real GDP and GDP per capita estimated respectively at US$760 and US$11.26 billion. The economy underwent prolonged decline until 1995, but has since recovered steadily. As a result per capita GDP has more or less stagnated since independence. The country’s economy is driven mainly by the service sector, which since 1980 contributed over 55 per cent of GDP, while agriculture and industry accounted for less than 20 per cent each. There has been noticeable improvement in industry’s share in the composition of GDP since 1990, exceeding that of agriculture. Unlike its resource-rich neighbours, Senegal’s economy is driven largely by public investment and private consumption, with share of exports remaining unchanged over the years. It is not surprising that policy makers in Senegal strived to nurture the manufacturing sector in the decades following independence.
Preliminaries
Authors: Vaz Jayme , da Rocha Roldão 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this chapter, a review of the main concepts, examples, and results from linear algebra are presented, as these are essential for developing the subsequent ideas in this book. As the concept of vector space is fundamental throughout the text, it is discussed in detail. In particular, quadratic space and symplectic space are introduced, as are musical isomorphisms. Thereafter, the tensor product and the tensor algebra and its morphisms are introduced, with special attention to the bilinear functionals and gradient/contragradient transformations, as these are required for the subsequent definitions of exterior algebras and Clifford algebras. In addition, the notation to be used throughout the text is fixed.
Human Rights and the Contract of Employment
Authors: Collins Hugh , Mantouvalou Virginia 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The chapter considers whether the common law of employment has been and ought to be influenced by the law of human rights. Although the common law has not been influenced by the idea of human rights to the same extent as other legal systems, some basic principles, such as respect for freedom of contract and the right to work, have shaped it. Objections that a human rights framework for employment might prove too individualistic are exposed as overstated, and some potential advantages of such a framework, such as an extension of personal scope, are highlighted. The Human Rights Act 1998 has required courts to interpret statutory employment rights, such as the law of unfair dismissal, in a manner that is consistent with fundamental rights. The chapter examines finally whether the common law of implied terms and wrongful dismissal is likely to be influenced by the law of human rights.
Implied Terms in the Contract of Employment
Authors: Collins Hugh 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Having established a binary classification of implied terms, the chapter argues that terms implied in fact into contracts of employment typically are needed to prevent reliance upon a possible construction of the express terms that would permit unfair treatment, exploitation, or what might be described as a bad faith interpretation of the contract; and that terms implied by law into contracts of employment provide standard incidents of the contract that will be selected primarily on the basis of efficiency and a fair balance of obligations. The chapter considers whether the structural legal principles found in terms implied in law, such as the employee’s duty of obedience and the reciprocal duty of mutual trust and confidence or good faith, can in practice or theory be excluded by the express terms of the contract of employment.
The dialects of northern Italy
Authors: Benincà Paola , Parry Mair , Pescarini Diego 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
After a brief outline of the principal episodes in the external history, the chapter surveys the principal aspects of phonology, morphology and syntax of the dialects of northern Italy, including both Gallo-Italic (Ligurian, Piedmontese, Lombard, Emilian-Romagnol) and Venetan dialects. Topics dealt with include: characteristics of northern Italian dialects; suprasegmental phonology; segmental phonology; morphology of nouns and adjectives; verb morphology: tenses, person endings, root alternations, past participles; word formation; pronouns; articles; demonstratives; possessives; agreement in the nominal group; subject clitic pronouns; wh-movement constructions; negation; auxiliaries and double compound forms; restructuring and clitic climbing; clitic syntax.
French and northern Gallo-Romance
Authors: Smith John Charles 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
After a brief outline of the principal episodes in the External and social history and periodization, the chapter surveys the principal aspects of phonology, morphology and syntax of French and other northern Gallo-Romance dialects. It covers phonetics and phonology; segmental phonology; vowels glides; liquids; consonants; typology and diachrony of segmental phonology; prosody; phonotactics; syllable structure; sandhi phenomena; enchaînement; liaison; elision; H aspiré; inflection; noun morphology; number; gender; case; absence of morphological diminutives and augmentatives; verb conjugation; morphomic structure; tense and aspect; mood; subjectification of tense and aspect forms; determiners; numerals and quantifiers; ordering of noun and adjective; negation; word order; inversion and interrogation; clitic pronouns; subject clitics; object clitics; dislocation/detachment; complementizer deletion and preposition-stranding; second-person forms of address; oïl varieties; internal divisions; second-person forms of address; typology.
Segmental phonology
Authors: Schmid Stephan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This chapter surveys some of the principal aspects of Romance segmental phonology. It covers development and distribution of the different Romance tonic and unstressed vowel systems; nasalization; principal developments affecting consonantal systems, including phonemic and allophonic oppositions, consonantal strength ((de)gemination, lenition, and fortition). Specific topics dealt with include: inventories of stressed vowel phonemes; vowel quantity; nasal vowel phonemes and allophonic vowel nasalization; unstressed vowels; metaphony and vowel harmony; consonant inventories; retroflex consonants; palatal consonants and palatalization; rhotics and rhotacism; lenition and fortition; assimilation processes.
Negation
Authors: Poletto Cecilia 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The main goal of this chapter is critically to address from a comparative perspective some of the most important issues in Romance negation, covering such topics as the source of different types of negators and negative polarity items; the cyclical interaction of reanalysis and analogy in the emergence and grammaticalization of Romance negators; issues surrounding the unidirectional development of Romance negative structures inherent in Jespersen’s Cycle and the discreteness of the three proposed stages; the development and loss of negative concord and the licensing of negative polarity items; the development and specialization of different negative markers in accordance with temporal, aspectual, modal and finiteness distinctions; multiple sentential positions for negation; negative raising; pleonastic negation. Specific topics dealt with include: form(s) and position(s) of the negative marker; Jespersen’s Cycle; postverbal negators (French, northern Italian dialects, Catalan); position of postverbal negators; form of postverbal negators; new preverbal negative markers; interaction between negation and verbal forms; negation and modality; negation and aspect; N-words and negative concord; negation and focus.
SDEAP: a splice graph based differential transcript expression analysis tool for population data
Authors: Yang Ei-Wen , Jiang Tao 
Published: August 2016

Motivation: Differential transcript expression (DTE) analysis without predefined conditions is critical to biological studies. For example, it can be used to discover biomarkers to classify cancer samples into previously unknown subtypes such that better diagnosis and therapy methods can be developed for the subtypes. Although several DTE tools for population data, i.e. data without known biological conditions, have been published, these tools either assume binary conditions in the input population or require the number of conditions as a part of the input. Fixing the number of conditions to binary is unrealistic and may distort the results of a DTE analysis. Estimating the correct number of conditions in a population could also be challenging for a routine user. Moreover, the existing tools only provide differential usages of exons, which may be insufficient to interpret the patterns of alternative splicing across samples and restrains the applications of the tools from many biology studies.Results: We propose a novel DTE analysis algorithm, called SDEAP, that estimates the number of conditions directly from the input samples using a Dirichlet mixture model and discovers alternative splicing events using a new graph modular decomposition algorithm. By taking advantage of the above technical improvement, SDEAP was able to outperform the other DTE analysis methods in our extensive experiments on simulated data and real data with qPCR validation. The prediction of SDEAP also allowed us to classify the samples of cancer subtypes and cell-cycle phases more accurately.Availability and Implementation: SDEAP is publicly available for free at https://github.com/ewyang089/SDEAP/wiki.Contact: yyang027@cs.ucr.edu; jiang@cs.ucr.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Gene Slider: sequence logo interactive data-visualization for education and research
Authors: Waese Jamie , Pasha Asher , Wang Ting Ting , van Weringh Anna , Guttman David S. , Provart Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2016

Summary: Gene Slider helps visualize the conservation and entropy of orthologous DNA and protein sequences by presenting them as one long sequence logo that can be zoomed in and out of, from an overview of the entire sequence down to just a few residues at a time. A search function enables users to find motifs such as cis-elements in promoter regions by simply ‘drawing’ a sequence logo representation of the desired motif as a query. In addition to displaying user-supplied FASTA files, our demonstration version of Gene Slider loads and displays a rich database of 90 000+ conserved non-coding regions across the Brassicaceae indexed to the TAIR10 Col-0 Arabidopsis thaliana sequence. It also displays transcription factor binding sites, enabling easy identification of regions that are both conserved across multiple species and may contain transcription factor binding sites.
Availability and Implementation: Freely available on the web at: http://www.bar.utoronto.ca/GeneSlider and also as an app on http://araport.org. Website implemented in JavaScript and Processing.js with all major browsers supported. Source code available under GNU GPLv2 at SourceForge: https://sourceforge.net/projects/geneslider/.
Contact: nicholas.provart@utoronto.ca
oxBS-MLE: an efficient method to estimate 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in paired bisulfite and oxidative bisulfite treated DNA
Authors: Xu Zongli , Taylor Jack A. , Leung Yuet-Kin , Ho Shuk-Mei , Niu Liang 
Published: August 2016

Motivation: 5-Methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) are important epigenetic regulators of gene expression. 5mC and 5hmC levels can be computationally inferred at single base resolution using sequencing or array data from paired DNA samples that have undergone bisulfite and oxidative bisulfite conversion. Current estimation methods have been shown to produce irregular estimates of 5hmC level or are extremely computation intensive.
Results: We developed an efficient method oxBS-MLE based on binomial modeling of paired bisulfite and oxidative bisulfite data from sequencing or array analysis. Evaluation in several datasets showed that it outperformed alternative methods in estimate accuracy and computation speed.
Availability and Implementation: oxBS-MLE is implemented in Bioconductor package ENmix.
Contact: niulg@ucmail.uc.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.