bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antonio Olinto et le négrisme brésilien
Authors: Silva de Oliveira Luiz Henrique 
Published: September 2017

Ce travail présente le négrisme dans trois romans d’Antonio Olinto : La Maison d’eau, Le Roi de Ketou et Trono de vidro. Le négrisme brésilien peut être caractérisé à deux niveaux : soit à partir de sa thématique littéraire, soit à partir de l’ensemble des processus mis en oeuvre. Dans cet article, le négrisme est compris comme l’ensemble des processus de représentation de l’univers des Afro-descendants. Olinto valorise l’homme noir et le représente dans sa diversité, rompant ainsi avec les stéréotypes dominants de son temps.
Le roman afro-brésilien, hier et aujourd’hui
Authors: de Assis Duarte Eduardo 
Published: September 2017

Cet article propose une incursion critique dans l’archive littéraire afro-brésilienne dans le but de présenter la production romanesque depuis le milieu du xixe siècle. Il aborde des précurseurs célèbres comme Machado de Assis et Lima Barreto, aux côtés de noms moins connus, comme Maria Firmina dos Reis et Moraes Nascimento, et des auteurs contemporains comme Nei Lopes, Paulo Lins et Ana Maria Gonçalves. Il met ainsi en évidence la force créatrice des écrivains afro-descendants dans la littérature brésilienne.
Césaire et le Brésil
Authors: Delas Daniel 
Published: September 2017

Les deux grands voyages américains de Césaire l’ont mené en Haïti en 1944 et au Brésil en 1963. Ces voyages sont connectés à l’intégration de la culture afro-américaine du Sud, en particulier du vaudou et du candomble, dans sa poétique, celle de sa poésie comme celle de son théâtre. Trois poèmes sont étudiés de ce point de vue : « Batouque », « Lettre de Bahia-de-tous-les-saints » et « Mot macumba ».
To err is human, to correct is public health: a systematic review examining poor quality testing and misdiagnosis of HIV status
Authors: Johnson Cheryl C. , Fonner Virginia , Sands Anita , Ford Nathan , Obermeyer Carla Mahklouf , Tsui Sharon , Wong Vincent , Baggaley Rachel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroduction: In accordance with global testing and treatment targets, many countries are seeking ways to reach the “90‐90‐90” goals, starting with diagnosing 90% of all people with HIV. Quality HIV testing services are needed to enable people with HIV to be diagnosed and linked to treatment as early as possible. It is essential that opportunities to reach people with undiagnosed HIV are not missed, diagnoses are correct and HIV‐negative individuals are not inadvertently initiated on life‐long treatment. We conducted this systematic review to assess the magnitude of misdiagnosis and to describe poor HIV testing practices using rapid diagnostic tests.Methods: We systematically searched peer‐reviewed articles, abstracts and grey literature published from 1 January 1990 to 19 April 2017. Studies were included if they used at least two rapid diagnostic tests and reported on HIV misdiagnosis, factors related to potential misdiagnosis or described quality issues and errors related to HIV testing.Results: Sixty‐four studies were included in this review. A small proportion of false positive (median 3.1%, interquartile range (IQR): 0.4‐5.2%) and false negative (median: 0.4%, IQR: 0‐3.9%) diagnoses were identified. Suboptimal testing strategies were the most common factor in studies reporting misdiagnoses, particularly false positive diagnoses due to using a “tiebreaker” test to resolve discrepant test results. A substantial proportion of false negative diagnoses were related to retesting among people on antiretroviral therapy.Conclusions: HIV testing errors and poor practices, particularly those resulting in false positive or false negative diagnoses, do occur but are preventable. Efforts to accelerate HIV diagnosis and linkage to treatment should be complemented by efforts to improve the quality of HIV testing services and strengthen the quality management systems, particularly the use of validated testing algorithms and strategies, retesting people diagnosed with HIV before initiating treatment and providing clear messages to people with HIV on treatment on the risk of a “false negative” test result.
Misdiagnosed HIV infection in pregnant women initiating universal ART in South Africa
Authors: Hsiao Nei‐Yuan , Zerbe Allison , Phillips Tamsin K. , Myer Landon , Abrams Elaine J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the primary diagnostic tools for HIV used in resource‐constrained settings. Without a proper confirmation algorithm, there is concern that false‐positive (FP) RDTs could result in misdiagnosis of HIV infection and inappropriate antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation, but programmatic data on FP are few.Methods: We examined the accuracy of RDT diagnosis among HIV‐infected pregnant women attending public sector antenatal services in Cape Town, South Africa. We describe the proportion of women found to have started on ART erroneously due to FP RDT results based on pre‐ART viral load (VL) testing and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: We analysed 952 consecutively enrolled pregnant women diagnosed as HIV infected based on two RDTs per local guideline and found 4.5% (43/952) of pre‐ART VL results to be <50 copies/ml. After excluding 6 women who had detectable virus on subsequent VL measurements, ELISA was performed on the 37 remaining women. Of these, 3/952 (0.3%) HIV RDT diagnoses were found to be FP. We estimate that using ELISA to confirm all positive RDTs would cost $1110 (uncertainty interval $381–$5382) to identify one patient erroneously initiated on ART, while it costs $3912 for a lifetime of antiretrovirals with VL monitoring for one person.Conclusions: Compared to the cost of confirming the RDT‐based diagnoses, the cost of HIV misdiagnosis is high. While testing programmes based on RDT should strive for constant quality improvement, where resources permit, laboratory confirmation algorithms can play an important role in strengthening the quality of HIV diagnosis in the era of universal ART.
The Delayed Time Response of Geomagnetic Activity to the Solar Wind
Authors: Maggiolo R. , Hamrin M. , De Keyser J. , Pitkänen T. , Cessateur G. , Gunell H. , Maes L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe investigate the lagged correlation between a selection of geomagnetic indices and solar wind parameters for a complete solar cycle, from 2000 to 2011. We first discuss the mathematical assumptions required for such a correlation analysis. The solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices have inherent timescales that smooth the variations of the correlation coefficients with time lag. Furthermore, the solar wind structure associated with corotating interaction regions and coronal mass ejections, and the compression regions ahead of them, strongly impacts the lagged correlation analysis results. This work shows that such bias must be taken into account in a correct interpretation of correlations. We then evidence that the magnetospheric response time to solar wind parameters involves multiple timescales. The simultaneous and quick response of the PC and AE indices to solar wind dynamic pressure with a delay of ~5 min suggests that magnetospheric compression by solar wind can trigger substorm activity. We find that the PC and AE indices respond to interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) BZ with a response time of respectively ~20 and ~35 min. The response of the SYM‐H index takes longer (~80 min) and is less sharp, SYM‐H being statistically significantly correlated to the IMF BZ observed up to more than ~10 h before. Our results suggest that the solar wind velocity's dominant impact on geomagnetic activity is caused by the compression regions at the interface of fast/slow solar wind regimes, which are very geo‐effective as they are associated with high solar wind pressure and strong interplanetary magnetic field.
Impact Characteristics of Different Rocks in a Pulsed Laser Irradiation Experiment: Simulation of Micrometeorite Bombardment on the Moon
Authors: Wu Yanxue , Li Xiongyao , Yao Wenqing , Wang Shijie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWithout the protection of the atmosphere, the soils on lunar surfaces undergo a series of optical, physical, and chemical changes during micrometeorite bombardment. To simulate the micrometeorite bombardment process and analyze the impact characteristics, four types of rocks, including terrestrial basalt and anorthosite supposed to represent lunar rock, an H‐type chondrite (the Huaxi ordinary chondrite), and an iron meteorite (the Gebel Kamil iron meteorite) supposed to represent micrometeorite impactors, are irradiated by a nanosecond pulse laser in a high vacuum chamber. Based on laser irradiation experiments, the laser pits are found to be of different shapes and sizes which vary with the rock type. Many melt and vapor deposits are found on the mineral surfaces of all the samples, and nanophase iron (npFe) or Fe‐Ni alloy particles are typically distributed on the surfaces of ilmenite, kamacite, or other minerals near kamacite. By analyzing the focused ion beam ultrathin slices of laser pits with a transmission electron microscope, the results show that the subsurface structures can be divided into three classes and that npFe can be easily found in Fe‐bearing minerals. These differences in impact characteristics will help determine the source material of npFe and infer the type of micrometeorite impactors. During micrometeorite bombardment, in the mare regions, the npFe are probably produced simultaneously from lunar basalt and micrometeorites with iron‐rich minerals, while the npFe in the highlands regions mainly come from micrometeorites.
Dislocation Interactions in Olivine Revealed by HR‐EBSD
Authors: Wallis David , Hansen Lars N. , Britton T. Ben , Wilkinson Angus J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInteractions between dislocations potentially provide a control on strain rates produced by dislocation motion during creep of rocks at high temperatures. However, it has been difficult to establish the dominant types of interactions and their influence on the rheological properties of creeping rocks due to a lack of suitable observational techniques. We apply high‐angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction to map geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density, elastic strain, and residual stress in experimentally deformed single crystals of olivine. Short‐range interactions are revealed by cross correlation of GND density maps. Spatial correlations between dislocation types indicate that noncollinear interactions may impede motion of proximal dislocations at temperatures of 1000°C and 1200°C. Long‐range interactions are revealed by autocorrelation of GND density maps. These analyses reveal periodic variations in GND density and sign, with characteristic length scales on the order of 1–10 μm. These structures are spatially associated with variations in elastic strain and residual stress on the order of 10−3 and 100 MPa, respectively. Therefore, short‐range interactions generate local accumulations of dislocations, leading to heterogeneous internal stress fields that influence dislocation motion over longer length scales. The impacts of these short‐ and/or long‐range interactions on dislocation velocities may therefore influence the strain rate of the bulk material and are an important consideration for future models of dislocation‐mediated deformation mechanisms in olivine. Establishing the types and impacts of dislocation interactions that occur across a range of laboratory and natural deformation conditions will help to establish the reliability of extrapolating laboratory‐derived flow laws to real Earth conditions.
Simulated Diurnal Cycles and Seasonal Variability of Low‐Level Jets in the Boundary Layer over Complex Terrain on the Coast of Southeast China
Authors: Shao Min , Wang Qin Geng , Xu Jianjun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe thermal and dynamical causes of boundary layer low‐level jets (LLJs) over the southeast coast of China (a very complex terrain) are explored using a very high resolution diagnostic model California Meteorological (CALMET) along with the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF‐ARW) model, combined with observations. Both diurnal and seasonal variations in LLJs are investigated using simulations during two observational periods and four months in 2011. Two configurations, with different vertical and horizontal resolutions, are compared. The results show that the use of higher vertical and horizontal resolutions (including land cover/use) in the diagnostic model CALMET leads to large improvements in simulating boundary layer LLJs over complex terrain as compared with using lower vertical and horizontal resolutions in both WRF‐ARW and CALMET models. The simulations using the diagnostic model CALMET better reproduced the observations, in that both LLJ events occur in the night (nocturnal LLJs) and in the afternoon (afternoon LLJs) are noticed. Compared to the nocturnal LLJs, the afternoon LLJs have larger wind speeds and occur at lower heights. The afternoon LLJ characteristics are closely associated with local thermodynamic circulations including the mountain‐valley breeze and land‐ocean breeze, which are regulated by the thermal contrasts between the ocean and mountains, and diurnal cycle of boundary layer friction. A comprehensive analysis of an afternoon LLJ and nocturnal LLJ indicates that there are large differences in wind field, vertical motions, and water vapor distributions between them. The local thermodynamic circulations also strongly affect vertical motions; even under a relatively stable atmosphere, the vertical motions during LLJs are stronger than the monthly average. Afternoon LLJ events, associated with the southeasterly land‐ocean breeze in summer, occur more frequently than in winter; in contrast, nocturnal LLJ events occur in summer less frequently than in winter. The seasonal variation analysis shows that land‐ocean breezes have significant effects on the wind speed, wind direction, and heights of the afternoon LLJs; local thermal contrast forcing is believed to be the main factor that affects the LLJs during the daytime especially in warm seasons.
Conditions for Sublimating Water Ice to Supply Ceres' Exosphere
Authors: Landis M. E. , Byrne S. , Schörghofer N. , Schmidt B. E. , Hayne P. O. , Castillo‐Rogez J. , Sykes M. V. , Combe J.‐P. , Ermakov A. I. , Prettyman T. H. , Raymond C. A. , Russell C. T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObservations of a water vapor exosphere around Ceres suggest that the dwarf planet may be episodically outgassing at a rate of ~6 kg s−1 from unknown sources. With data from the Dawn mission as constraints, we use a coupled thermal and vapor diffusion model to explore three different configurations of water ice (global buried pore‐filling ice, global buried excess ice, and local exposed surface ice) that could be present on Ceres. We conclude that a buried ice table cannot alone explain the vapor production rates previously measured, but newly exposed surface ice, given the right conditions, can exceed that vapor production rate. Sublimation lag deposits form that bury and darken this surface ice over a large range of timescales (from <1 year to approximately hundreds of kyr) that depend on latitude and ice regolith content. Sublimating water vapor can loft regolith particles from the surface of exposed ice, possibly prolonging the visible lifespan of those areas. We find that this process is only effective for regolith grains smaller than approximately ones of microns.
SPRINTS: A Framework for Solar‐Driven Event Forecasting and Research
Authors: Engell A. J. , Falconer D. A. , Schuh M. , Loomis J. , Bissett D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCapabilities to predict onset and time profiles of solar‐driven events, including solar X‐ray flares; solar energetic particles (SEP); coronal mass ejections; and high‐speed streams, are critical in mitigating their potential impacts. We introduce the Space Radiation Intelligence System (SPRINTS). This NASA‐invested technology integrates preeruptive metadata and forecasts from the MAG4 system with posteruptive metadata in order to produce high fidelity and preeruptive to posteruptive transitional forecasts for solar‐driven events. To catalog start and end times of the four solar‐driven events, SPRINTS is capable of generating posteruptive forecasts based on automatic detections employed on 30+ years of GOES X‐ray and particle data as well as 20+ years of ACE and DSCOVR solar wind data. The prediction results for 1986–2016 presented here are from the SPRINTS posteruptive capability for forecasting SEPs leveraging GOES X‐ray metadata. We present onset, peak flux, and time profile SEP forecast metrics and results based on expert‐guided, statistical, and machine‐learned decision tree models. Operating on data from a 20 year period, a machine‐learned decision tree model provided the best results for predicting an S1 event (on the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center Solar Radiation Scale): 86% probability of detection and 37% false alarm rate. Five flare‐related metadata sets were leveraged in the decision tree modeling. Consistently, flare‐integrated flux, flare heliolongitude, and flare decay‐phase duration were found to be the top three forecasting parameters, while flare magnitude and flare latitude had little to no impact on the SEP forecast model. For the solar‐driven events of March 2012, we demonstrate SPRINTS abilities to forecast solar flares, SEP onset, and SEP evolution.
Critical Time Intervention for Homeless People Making the Transition to Community Living: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: de Vet Renée , Beijersbergen Mariëlle D. , Jonker Irene E. , Lako Danielle A.M. , van Hemert Albert M. , Herman Daniel B. , Wolf Judith R.L.M. 
Published: September 2017

Highlights

This study contributes to a European evidence base for effective interventions for homeless people.

It is the first RCT conducted in Dutch shelter services; this is uncommon outside the United States.

In this sample, recurrent homelessness was rare 9 months after moving from a shelter to housing.

Beneficial effects of CTI on mental health seem to be independent of health care system or context.
Comparison of hand use and forelimb posture during vertical climbing in mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Neufuss Johanna , Robbins Martha M. , Baeumer Jana , Humle Tatyana , Kivell Tracy L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesStudies on grasping and limb posture during arboreal locomotion in great apes in their natural environment are scarce and thus, attempts to correlate behavioral and habitat differences with variation in morphology are limited. The aim of this study is to compare hand use and forelimb posture during vertical climbing in wild, habituated mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) and semi‐free‐ranging chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to assess differences in the climbing styles that may relate to variation in hand or forelimb morphology and body size.Materials and methodsWe investigated hand use and forelimb posture during both ascent and descent vertical climbing in 15 wild mountain gorillas and eight semi‐free‐ranging chimpanzees, using video records obtained ad libitum.ResultsIn both apes, forelimb posture was correlated with substrate size during both ascent and descent climbing. While climbing, both apes used power grips and diagonal power grips, including three different thumb postures. Mountain gorillas showed greater ulnar deviation of the wrist during vertical descent than chimpanzees, and the thumb played an important supportive role when gorillas vertically descended lianas.DiscussionWe found that both apes generally had the same grip preferences and used similar forelimb postures on supports of a similar size, which is consistent with their overall similarity in hard and soft tissue morphology of the hand and forelimb. However, some species‐specific differences in morphology appear to elicit slightly different grasping strategies during vertical climbing between mountain gorillas and chimpanzees.
Calypso's spell: accidental near‐fatal thiacloprid intoxication
Authors: Zuercher Patrick , Gerber Daniel , Schai Nadia , Nebiker Matthias , König Stefan , Schefold Joerg C. 
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical MessageAcute life‐threatening intoxications with insecticides are rare. We report a case of accidental near‐fatal thiacloprid intoxication with mass spectrometry‐based analytical confirmation. The initial clinical presentation resembled imminent brain death and/or severe postanoxic encephalopathy. Prolonged supportive treatment resulted in full recovery underlining intoxication as an important differential diagnosis in unclear coma.
Polycystic pancreatic disease associated with pineal cyst in an adolescent: a case report and literature overview
Authors: Badran Abdul‐Monem , Fotiadou Anatoli , Kayemba Kay's Simon 
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical MessagePancreatic polycystosis is one of rare causes of recurrent abdominal pain of pancreatic origin in children frequently associated with other organ's cysts which are to be searched. Association with pineal cyst is exceptional, and link between the two locations is to be elucidated. MRI is highly valuable to characterize cysts.
The Highly Efficient Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of (Hetero)aryl Chlorides and (Hetero)arylboronic Acids Catalyzed by “Bulky‐yet‐Flexible” Palladium–PEPPSI Complexes in Air
Authors: Ouyang Jia‐Sheng , Li Yan‐Fang , Huang Fei‐Dong , Lu Dong‐Dong , Liu Feng‐Shou 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA series of Pd–PEPPSI complexes were designed and synthesized. The relationship between catalyst structure and properties was systematically investigated. It was revealed that “bulky‐yet‐flexible” C3 bearing ancenaphthyl backbone was a highly efficient precatalyst and could be successfully employed in Suzuki–Miyaura reactions of (hetero)aryl chlorides with (hetero)arylboronic acids at a low palladium loading in the presence of a weak inorganic base in air.
Photoelectrochemical Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohol Derivatives on BiVO4/WO3 under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Tateno Hiroyuki , Miseki Yugo , Sayama Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe photo‐assisted electrochemical oxidation of benzylic alcohol derivatives was achieved with excellent yields up to 97 % at low applied potential under visible light irradiation (>420 nm) by using a BiVO4/WO3 photoelectrode in aprotic organic media. The faradaic efficiencies for the oxidation of 1‐phenylethyl alcohol was very high (>99 %) in 0.1 M Bu4NBF4/MeCN. The applied potentials for the oxidation of benzylic alcohols (approximately +0.7 V vs. SHE) were considerably lower than those of the Pt electrodes (approximately +1.9 V vs. SHE). The turnover number of moles of oxidation product per moles of BiVO4 was approximately 1200.
Circumventing Intrinsic Metal Reactivity: Radical Generation with Redox‐Active Ligands
Authors: Jacquet Jérémy , Cheaib Khaled , Ren Yufeng , Vezin Hervé , Orio Maylis , Blanchard Sébastien , Fensterbank Louis , Desage‐El Murr Marine 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNickel complexes have gained sustained attention as efficient catalysts in cross‐coupling reactions and co‐catalysts in dual systems due to their ability to react with radical species. Central to this reactivity is nickel's propensity to shuttle through several accessible redox states from Ni0 to NiIV. Here, we report the catalytic generation of trifluoromethyl radicals from a nickel complex bearing redox‐active iminosemiquinone ligands. This unprecedented reactivity is enabled through ligand‐based oxidation performing electron transfer to an electrophilic CF3+ source while the nickel oxidation state is preserved. Additionally, extension of this reactivity to a copper complex bearing a single redox equivalent is reported, thus providing a unified reactivity scheme. These results open new pathways in radical chemistry with redox‐active ligands.