bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onion Maggot Control, 1993
Authors: Davis M. , Grafius E. , McDaniel J. , Kolarik P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Onions ‘Golden Cascade’ were seeded at the Brink Farm near Grant Michigan on 4 May in single rows using a vee-belt seeder with a 1-inch wide shoe. Plots were 15 ft long, replicated five times in a randomized complete block arrangement, 12 inches between rows, with untreated buffer rows between each plot. Plots were seeded at 12 seeds per foot, for a total of 180 seeds per plot. There were four seed treatments with Trigard plus three in-furrow insecticide treatments and associated control treatments. Trigard treatments were: a previously tested pellet formulation containing sand, a new pellet containing diatomaceous earth, and a seed coat held on the seed with a thin film coat. Pelleted seed included the fungicide Progrow. Seed film coat treatment and untreated seed included thiram. Lorsban, Dyfonate, and Admire treatments were applied in furrow at planting with thiram-treated seed. Three weeks post-planting, 100 plant sections in each replicate (or the entire replicate if 100 plants were not present) were marked. The number of damaged plants in each 100 plant section were counted weekly from 8 Jun-8 Jul. Final stand counts were made at the end of the season.
Colorado Potato Beetle and European Corn Borer Control with Insecticides, Pasquotank Co., Nc, 1993
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Wade Holloway C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Atlantic’ potatoes were planted in early Mar for Tests 1 and 2 near Elizabeth City, N.C. on 42 inch centers. Plots in Test 1 were 14 ft long and in Test 2 20 ft long, with single row spacing replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates within rows. Treatments in Test 1 and Test 2 were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle (18X) operated at 60 psi to deliver 54.5 gal/acre. In Test 1 all treatments were applied on 5, 11 and 18 May. All treatments were applied to Test 2 on 5 May, with the exception of the 1/6 lb rate of Trigard 75WP in combination with Trigard 75WP at 1/3 lb rate which received the combination low rate (1/6 lb) 6 days later. On 11 May applications were applied to all treatments except for Trigard 75WP at the 1/3 lb, 2/3 lb (egg only) and Trigard 75WP 1/3 lb (egg only) plus Trigard 75WP at the 1/6 lb rate. At this time the low rate of the combination Trigard 75WP 1/6 lb rate was applied. Imidan 50WP at 2 lbs and Imidan 50WP at 2 lbs plus Butacide 8EC at 0.5 lbs was applied on 5, 11 and 18 May. Test 1 and Test 2 counts of CPB on 3/hill plots were made 11 and 18 May. Small larvae were assumed to be first and second instar, and large larvae, third and fourth instar. Visual CPB damage ratings were made 18 May and 15 Jun. Visual ECB ratings were made and potatoes harvested and yields recorded 15 Jun.
Use of Neem-Based and Bacillus Thuringiensis Foliar Sprays to Control Colorado Potato Beetle on Potatoes, 1993
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 15 Apr at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a 25 ft row bordered on each side by an untreated guard row, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plant spacing was 10 inches between plants with 36 inches between rows. Sprays to control CPB were applied on the dates indicated in the table. On 15 and 22 Jun, the Novodor treatment was sprayed with Asana XL (0.04 lb AI) due to the presence of CPB large larvae and Fl adults. From 15 Jun on, Cygon 400 (0.25 lb AI) was added to the ATI 720 treatments to control potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae). Sprays were applied with a propane compressed gas backpack sprayer using a 3 nozzle hollow cone (D4—5) boom and delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi.
Use of Furadan 4F at Planting in an IPM Program to Control Colorado Potato Beetle, 1993
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 15 Apr at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 4 rows 30 ft. long, planted on a 3 ft. row spacing. Plots were replicated 4 times in a split strip design. Furadan 4F was applied, in furrow at planting, using a custom delivery system (CDS) manufactured by FMC Corporation, to the plots indicated in the tables. Foliar treatments were applied on the dates and at the rates indicated 3 on an as needed basis using the following CPB thresholds: 40 small larvae, 15 large larvae, or 5 adults per 10 stems and/or greater than 20% defoliation prebloom. Weekly counts of CPB were taken on 10 randomly chosen stems/plot to determine these thresholds, and percent defoliation was rated on the dates indicated. Foliar sprays were applied in 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi with a 3 hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer.
Suppression of Adult Sweetpotato Whitefly (SPWF) and Spread of Tomato Mottle Geminivirus (TMOV) in Staked Tomato, Spring, 1993
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Greenhouse grown seedlings were transplanted into sandy soil on 8 Mar into single rows on raised beds 36 inches wide on 6 ft centers and subsurface irrigated. Beds were fertilized with a bottom mix of 5-16-8 at 508 lb/acre and top mix of 19-0-30 in 2 bands 9 inches from centerline at 952 lbs/acre, fumigated with 300 lb/acre of 66% methyl bromide and 33% chloropicrin and covered with white-faced polyethylene mulch. Crop was sprayed weekly with Manzate 200 Df at 24 oz/acre and Kocide 100 DF at 3 lb/acre for disease control. Experimental design was randomized complete block with 4 replications, each 3 rows wide by 240 ft long, divided into 10 plots 24 ft long for 9 treatments and an unsprayed check. Spray applications from 6 Apr to 21 May were made with a tractor-mounted hydraulic boom sprayer driven by a diaphragm pump and fitted with four drop lines. Albuz ATR Lilac nozzles were used for the application of JMS Stylet oil at 400 psi (2 times per week) and Albuz ATR Red nozzles at 200 psi for all other treatments (once per week except for New Day detergent at 2 times per week). TMoV-symptomatic greenhouse raised tomato plants that had been exposed to infected whitefly were interplanted into each row of each plot on 12 Mar. An adjacent field of fall-planted collards provided additional whiteflies. Whiteflies were sampled by placing an oil/detergent coated black 10 × 13 inch aluminum pie pan under the plant and striking the plant to dislodge the whiteflies. Nine plants were sampled weekly 24 h after each spray in each plot (3 in each row) through 28 Apr and 3 plants per plot (1 per row) were sampled subsequently.
Insect Control on Staked Tomato, 1993
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Five-wk-old transplants were set on 30 Jun at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Fletcher, NC. Plants were set 2 ft apart within 20 ft long rows, and rows were on 10 ft centers. Single-row plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Insecticide applications were initiated at first fruiting, and applied on 28 Jul, 4, 11, 18 and 25 Aug and 1, 7 and 16 Sep. All applications were made with a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 50 psi and delivering 50-100 gal/acre (volume increased as plants grew) through 6 hollowcone nozzles per row. Each row was sprayed on both sides with three nozzles spaced 12 inches apart on the spray wand. Rainfall was sparse throughout the trial period, with a total of 3.44, 5.44 and 1.95 inches in Jul, Aug and Sep, respectively. PA populations were monitored by observing 10 leaves (3 most recently expanded leaf) per treatment (40 total per 4 reps) and recording number infested with &gt;1 apterous aphids. In addition, on 3 Sep, each of 10 leaves per treatment were rated on a scale of 0 to 3 (0 = no aphids, 1 = 1-10 aphids/leaf, 2 = 10-20 aphids/leaf, and 3 = &gt;20 aphids/leaf). Thrips were sampled on 16 and 26 Aug by counting total thrips in each of 10 flowers per treatment (40 total per 4 reps). Fruit were harvested as mature greens on 17 and 24 Sep, and those damaged by SB, thrips, and lepidopterous pests (TFW, CL and YSAW) were recorded.
First Generation European Corn Borer Control Using Insecticide Rescue Treatments, 1993
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Boetel M. A. , Jenson J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A cornfield near Estelline, SD, was chosen to evaluate 39 insecticides for control of first-brood ECB larvae. Preapplication counts indicated a uniform infestation of 3rd-or late 2nd instar larvae in &gt;85% of stalks sampled. Three untreated controls were used to compare 19 granular and 20 liquid insecticide treatments arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Individual treatment plots consisted of single 22.9 m rows spaced 0.9 m apart. Granules were directed into corn plant whorls using a Gandy 3.5-hp pneumatic applicator mounted on a highboy. Noble metering units attached to a modified 12-volt chaindriven apparatus regulated the amount of granules released into the applicator. Metering units were calibrated on the apparatus prior to insecticide applications. Liquids were applied using a 3-gal CO2 backpack sprayer unit with a single Teejet 8002 nozzle that delivered 20 gpa at 39 psi while travelling 3 mph. Insecticide treatments were applied on 21 and 22 Jul ca. 1 wk prior to tasselling.
Aerial Application of Insecticides for Control of Second Generation European Corn Borer, 1991
Authors: Rice Marlin E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were aerially applied to 2 fields near Indianola, IA, using a Cessna 188 Ag-Truck. Treatments were replicated 3 times in each field in a RCB. On 25 Jul, field counts indicated 60 egg masses per 100 plants in Field 1 and 9 egg masses per 100 plants in Field 2. Insecticides were applied on 29 Jul; the 2nd application for the split Penncap M treatment was made on 9 Aug. Ten consecutive stalks in each plot were split on 29 Aug and the number of live larvae counted. Yields from each plot were taken from Field 1 by collecting corn ears from 35 ft of row (2 adjacent rows of 17.5 ft near the original 10 split stalks) on 19 Sep. Because of the unevenness of the plant population, ear yield per plant served as the basis for yield estimation. Ears were weighed, adjusted to 15.5% moisture, and extrapolated to bu/acre based on 22,000 plants per acre. Yields in Field 2 were taken with a combine on 30 Oct. The center 4 rows of each plot (approximately 0.55 acre) were harvested, weighed, and adjusted to 15.5% moisture. Yields were converted to bu/acre based on field measurements taken with a measuring wheel. Data were analyzed by using PROC ANOVA or PROC GLM procedures of SAS. Mean separation was accomplished using Fisher’s protected LSD procedure.
Aerial Application of Insecticides for Second Generation European Corn Borer Control, 1993
Authors: Rice Marlin E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were aerially applied to natural ECB populations in 2 fields near Pleasantville, IA, using an Ag-Cat airplane. Treatments were replicated 3 times in each field in a randomized complete block design. Liquid formulations were applied in one gallon of water per acre. Pretreatment counts of egg masses on 12 Aug indicated 7 egg masses per 50 plants in Field 1 and 23 egg masses per 50 plants in Field 2. Plant stage on this date was brown silk (Field 1) and green silk (Field 2). Insecticides were applied on 19 Aug; the 2nd application for the split Penncap M treatment was made 31 Aug. Treatments were evaluated on 2 and 4 Oct by splitting stalks, ear shanks, and removing the husks from 10 plants in the center row of each plot (center of the spray swath) and counting live larvae. Yields were taken on 4 Oct from the center six rows (Field 1) and on 14 Oct from the center 4 rows (Field 2) of each plot with a combine. Yields were measured with a weigh wagon, adjusted to 15.5% moisture and number 2 corn, and converted to bu/acre. Yield plot sizes were 0.35 acre (Field 1) and 0.52 acre (Field 2). Data were analyzed by using PROC ANOVA or PROC GLM procedures of SAS. Mean separation was accomplished using Fisher’s protected LSD procedure (P = 0.10).
Evaluation of Liquid Carbofuran as a Rescue Treatment for Corn Root Aphids, 1993
Authors: Rice Marlin E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Field corn was planted on 10 May near Rockford, IA, in a field that was corn the previous year and a grass-alfalfa mixture 4 yr before that. No soil insecticide was applied at planting. The field was rotary hoed 3 times between the time of corn emergence and 22 Jun. Pretreatment counts were taken on 22 Jun. The plant population was highly variable and ranged from 0 to 17,000 plants per acre based on 1/1,000 acre counts. Plants were in the V2-V4 stages of growth. Fifteen randomly-selected plants were pulled from the soil and roots were examined for colonies of aphids. All 15 plants were infested with corn root aphids. Ant mounds of the symbiotic cornfield ant, Lasius alienus (Foerster), were abundant around the plants but densities were not determined. Plots 50 ft long were marked with flags and inside these plots 1/1,000 acre (17.4 ft) were staked off for the section of row to be evaluated. Live plant counts were taken in the 1 /1,000 acre plots prior to treatment. Treatments consisted of an untreated check and a rescue application of 1.0 qt of Furadan 4F (1.0 lb [AI]/acre) broadcast in 10.0 gal of water with a tractor-mounted sprayer. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a RCBD. The Furadan 4F was not cultivated into the soil. Approximately 0.2 inches of rain fell on the field 2 DAT and a total of 3.2 inches occurred between the treatment date on 22 Jun and the evaluation date on 7 Jul. Plots were evaluated 15 DAT. Live plant counts were taken within the staked 1/1,000 acre plots. Five plants, consisting of every 2nd or 3rd plant (depending on plant population), in each plot were pulled from the soil and examined for colonies of corn root aphids.
Control of Western Corn Rootworm Beetles and Effect on Spider Mites in West Central Nebraska, 1992
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Various pesticides were applied to blister stage (R6 stage) hybrid field corn on 10 Aug, near North Platte, in west central NE. The treatments were applied with a CO2 charged backpack sprayer through 8001 flat fan nozzles at 206,786 Pa (30 psi), in a total volume of 196.4 liter/ha (21 gal/ acre). Each treatment was applied to 3 × 10 m plots, replicated 4 times in a RCBD. Five days before the pesticide application Banks grass mites were applied to 2 plants in the center of each plot by attaching 2 well-infested leaves with strapping tape. Four days following application the number of rootworm beetles and predatory insects were evaluated by counting all beetles on four randomly selected plants in the middle of each plot. For each artificially infested plant size of mite colonies was rated on the underside of 3 leaves below the ear, the ear leaf and 2 leaves above the ear at 9, 17, 27 and 46 DAT. Ratings were made on a 0-6 scale where 0 = no mites, 1 = individual mites, 2 = small colonies, 3 = large, individual colonies, 4 = large connected colonies but not completely covering the underside of the leaf, 6 = leaf dead due to spider mite damage. In addition to evaluation of spider mite colonies, arthropod predators were also counted.
Efficacy of Insecticide Mixtures Against Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm During Late Season, 1993
Authors: Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. , Clay P. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted in a Gigger-Gilbert silt loam on 1 Jul. Plots consisted of 3 rows on 1.02 m centers × 12.2 m. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Field preparation and plot maintenance followed conventional cultural practices. Plots were irrigated to maintain satisfactory soil moisture. All treatments were applied with a tractor mounted boom equipped with a compressed air delivery system calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters total spray/ha through TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 2.3 kg/cm2. Treatments were applied on 7 and 10 Sep and evaluated on 14 Sep (4 DAT) by visually examining 50 squares on each of 2 rows/plot for boll worm-tobacco budworm damage and live larvae. All plots were heavily infested with eggs and larvae (primarily tobacco budworm) on 7 Sep. No other insecticides were applied to the test area. The plots received 1.7 cm rainfall on 13 Sep (3 DAT).
Evaluation of Insecticide and Insecticide Combinations for Beet Armyworm Control, 1993
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Layton Blake , Jackson C. S. , Flint, Jr. Earnie 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Fifteen insecticide treatments were evaluated for efficacy on cotton located in Attala county, MS, on the Weldon Harris farm. Cotton was planted in a 2-1 skip pattern and plots were 6 rows wide × 50 ft long. A RCBD with 3 replications was used. Applications were made 24 Aug with a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air spray system with TX4 hollow cone nozzles spaced at 19 inches and positioned approximately 16 inches above the terminals. Applications were made at 4 mph with the system calibrated to give 5 gal/acre total volume in a water carrier. Two samples were taken per plot using a 3 ft drop cloth, and results were recorded as number of larvae per 3 row ft. Pretreatment and 3 DAT counts were made on alternate rows, and sites were chosen which had evidence of leaf feeding by armyworms.
Control of Twospotted Spider Mite in Peanuts, 1993
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Royals B. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A field in Martin County, NC, was selected to evaluate miticides for control of TSSM. The field was selected because it contained a wide-spread and uniform infestation making it an excellent site for evaluating these products. Each plot was 10 ft × 4 rows (36 inch centers), arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates. Plot ends were separated by a 5 ft barren strip and on each side by 2 buffer rows. Treatments were applied on 31 Jul and 2 Aug using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 25 gal/acre, operating at 40 psi and using 8002 flat fan nozzles. Conditions at time of application were sunny and 85°F. Mites were sampled on 2 and 5 Aug by collecting 25 leaflets per plot. All data were transformed (square root of X + 0.5).
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly (SPWF) on Peanut, 1992
Authors: Chandler L. D. , Sumner H. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Peanut was planted in a 2-acre field on the USDA-ARS Belflower Farm near Tifton, GA, on 2 Jun. Eleven treatments and a control were replicated 4 times in a RCBD. Each plot was 4 rows wide (36-inch row spacing) and 40 ft long. Plots were separated by 2 fallow rows and 8 ft alleyways within rows. Insecticides were applied on 16 Sep and 1 Oct using a Berthoud Cannon Air Boom sprayer with 2 air outlets per row (100 mph air velocity) calibrated to apply 20 gal/acre using one Blue #2 nozzle per air outlet. SPWF populations were sampled before and after treatment by randomly selecting 10 tetrafoliate leaves/plot from the 3rd or 4th node of a lateral branch and counting the number of eggs and nymphs observed on the top and bottom of each leaf.
Seed Treatment Evaluated for Greenbug Control in Sorghum, 1993
Authors: Sloderbeck P. E. , Witt M. D. , Buschman L. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seed of 3 sorghum hybrids treated with 0, 2 or 4 oz (AI)/cwt of Gaucho were furnished by Gustafson. The hybrids used in the study were NC+ 271, a greenbug susceptible hybrid; DK 56, a biotype-E resistant hybrid; and Cargill 607E, a biotype-I resistant hybrid. All 3 hybrids were pretreated with Captan and Concept and the DK 56 was also pretreated with Apron. The seed was planted on 2 Jun in a modified Latin square design with 3 replications. Each plot was 2 rows wide (5 ft) and 22 ft long. The seed was planted at the rate of 5 g per row using a cone planter. On 15 Jun (with sorghum in 2 leaf stage), greenbug counts were made by visually searching 10 consecutive plants in each row of each plot. On 20 Jul, corn leaf aphid populations were counted by cutting the whorl from 2 plants per plot and counting the number of aphids observed as the leaves were unrolled. On 10—12 Aug, 4 plants per plot were visually examined for greenbugs. On 20 Aug, 2 plants per plot were cut off at the base and then visually examined to estimate greenbug numbers. Yield was determined by machine harvesting the plots on 5 Nov.
Apple, Season-Long Insecticide Block Treatments, 1993
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature trees at a rate of 100 gpa with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged as completely randomized units consisting of three rows by three trees (9 trees/unit), each replicated 3 times. Applications were made on 10 May (Pink), 26 May (Petal Fall), 8 Jun (1C), 22 Jun (2C), 6 Jul (3C), 19 Jul (4C), 31 Jul (5C), 11 Aug (6C), 23 Aug (7C), 5 Sep (8C), and 16 Sep (9C). Rubigan, Bayleton, Captan, Streptomycin and Nova were applied separately to all treatments. Data were taken on 9 Jul by picking 50 fruit taken randomly from the periphery of the center tree from each replicate (150 fruit per treatment). Harvest fruit finish data were taken on 21 Sep from 100 fruit taken randomly from the periphery of the center tree from each replicate (300 fruit per treatment).
Velvetbean Caterpillar Control on Louisiana Soybean, 1993
Authors: Thomas J. D. , Wier A. T. , Boyd M. L. , Lingren S. , Boethel D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of selected insecticides for control of VBC was evaluated in 3 small plot insecticide trials at the St. Gabriel Research Station near St. Gabriel, LA. Treatments in all 3 tests were applied to ‘Buckshot 723’ soybean in the R5 growth stage using a tractor and compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 93.5 1/ha at 2.66 kg/cm2 through 8002 flat fan nozzles. Plots in all tests were 5 rows wide (0.91 m row spacing) by 15.2 m, arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. At 2 and 7 DAT in each test, one 25 sweep sample was taken from each plot with a standard 38.2 cm diam sweep net. Test 1 was applied 6 Sep, Test 2 was applied 8 Sep, and Tesi 3 was applied 14 Sep.