bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the metastability of β phase in isotactic polypropylene: experiments and numerical simulation
Authors: Sajkiewicz Paweł , Gradys Arkadiusz , Ziabicki Andrzej , Misztal-Faraj Beata 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPhase transitions in isotactic polypropylene were investigated during isothermal crystallization and heating after isothermal crystallization using various experimental techniques. The results obtained by wide angle x-ray scattering (WAXS), light depolarization technique (LDT), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy show that crystallization of isotactic polypropylene can result in simultaneous formation of two crystal modifications, α and β. There is clear experimental evidence that β phase tends to convert into α modification during crystallization as well as during subsequent heating. Experimental results are compared with numerical simulation performed according to the model of nucleation-controlled phase transitions in multiphase systems. The results of simulation show that b phase is not thermodynamically stable in any temperature range. The reason for the appearance of β phase is related to low interfacial tension of melt vs β. It has been also shown that maximum crystallinity reached in experiments does not exceed 40-50% in agreement with the concept of constrained amorphous phase.
Copolymerzation of L,L-lactide with ε-caprolactone by using novel zinc L-proline organometallic catalyst
Authors: Pandey Asutosh K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCopolyesters based on L,L-lactide (LA) and ε-caprolactone (CL) with different LA: ε-CL ratios were synthesized by ring opening polymerization using zinc (L-proline) as a catalyst. Ring opening polymerization results in random P(L, L-lactide-ε-caprolactone) copolymers of molecular weights between 9,800 to 30,000 and block copolymer up to 51,800 Da. 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis was used for calculation of monomer incorporation in the copolymer. FT-IR spectra were used to differentiate between random and block copolymer using carbonyl region splitting. 13C quantitative NMR spectroscopy analysis coupled with information from TGA and DSC allowed determination of the polymer structure. Copolymers (CP-1, CP-2 and CP-3) prepared by ROP are random copolymer (h>1), while CP-4 prepared by ROP (sequential addition of έ-caprolactone and L, L-lactide) has a multi block character (h<1). The LA number-average sequence length (LLA) decreased from 14 to 5 for LA-CL 80:20 to 50:50 copolymers prepared by ROP. The copolymer (CP-4) prepared by sequential addition showed the number-average sequence length (LLA) to be 83.0.
Modification of poly(D,L-lactic acid)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer by low energy electron beam (EB) radiation
Authors: Miao Peikai , Wu Dimeng , Zhao Chun’e , Xu Guoliang , Zeng Ke , Wang Yipeng , Fu Qiang , Yang Gang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPoly(D,L-lactic acid)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer (D,L-PLEG) synthesized by melt polycondensation was irradiated using low energy electron beam (EB) in the presence of triallyl cyanurate (TAC) and tetraallyl pentaerythritol (TAPE) as crosslinking agents. The tensile strength of D,L-PLEG/TAC and D,L-PLEG/TAPE samples increases up to 48 MPa and 28 MPa at dose of 80 kGy and 60 kGy, respectively, and decreases with further increase of dose, whereas the elongation at break decreases continuously with increasing dose. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is improved to some extent due to the formation of molecular chain network. Degradation of D,L-PLEG is retarded with introduction of cross-linked network. The results suggest that the physical properties of crosslinked D,L-PLEG can be adjusted easily by varying irradiation dose.
Effect of P(St-EGDMA)/P(MMA- St-BA-MA) core shell particles on dyeable fine polypropylene fibres
Authors: Yan Huizhi , Chen Yanmo , Zhang Yu , Wu Wenhua 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDyeable fine polypropylene (PP) fibre has remained a problem for decades. In this paper, blends of PP with P(St-EGDMA)/P(St-MMA-BA-MA) [poly(styrene-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)/poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate- butyl acrylate-methyl acrylate)] core shell particles, have been used for the preparation of dyeable fine PP fibres. Dyeing experiment showed that the incorporation of the designed core shell particles markedly enhanced the dyeability of fine PP fibres with three distinct disperse dyes and the shades of these dyed fine fibres were deep and bright. Mechanical tensile tests showed that the particles had slight effect on the mechanical properties of fine PP fibres. The designed core shell particles were relatively monodispersed with nanoscale, and were stable during the melt-spinning process. Spinning possibility of the blends and crystallinity and orientation of the dyeable fine PP fibres were also investigated. The possible reasons for the increased depth of shade were proposed.
Synthesis and properties of hyperbranched polyurethane elastomers based on dimer fatty acid-ethylene glycol polyester diol
Authors: Meng Jingjing , Yao Cheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU) elastomers were synthesized from dimer fatty acid-ethylene glycol polyester diol (DFA-EG), toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and glycerol (GLY) by a two-step, solvent-free process. The effect of glycerol on phase separation was studied by Fourier transforminfrared (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal and viscoelastic properties of the HBPU were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. The transparent HBPU elastomers presented a typical amorphous morphology, with a single glass transition temperature (Tg) about -25 °C. All TGA curves showed two distinct stages of degradation with the onset decomposition temperature at 275 °C. It was found that the increasing content of GLY resulted in a decrease in the thermal stability between 295 °C and 445 °C. The results for DMA revealed that HBPU crosslinked with GLY had high elasticity up to 5.12 MPa at 100 °C. The best mechanical and viscoelastic properties were achieved at the nNCO(TDI)/nOH(DFA-EG+GLY) of 0.95, with its hardness and tensile strength values of 83 A and 13.2 MPa, respectively and the storage modulus value of 32.8 MPa. In addition, the lowest water absorptivity was 0.24% when the nNCO(TDI)/nOH(DFA-EG+GLY) equalled 1.05.
Fire retardancy effect of aluminium phosphinate and melamine polyphosphate in glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6
Authors: Braun Ulrike , Bahr Horst , Schartel Bernhard 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe fire retardancy mechanism of aluminium diethyl phosphinate (AlPi) and AlPi in combination with melamine polyphosphate (MPP) was investigated in glass-fibre reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6/GF) by analysing the pyrolysis, flammability and fire behaviour. AlPi in PA6/GF-AlPi partly vaporises as AlPi and partly decomposes to volatile diethylphosphinic acid (subsequently called phosphinic acid) and aluminium phosphate residue. In fire a predominant gasphase action was observed, but the material did not reach a V-0 classification for the moderate additive content used. For the combination of both AlPi and MPP in PA6/GF-AlPi-MPP a synergistic effect occurred, because of the reaction of MPP with AlPi. Aluminium phosphate is formed in the residue and melamine and phosphinic acid are released in the gas phase. The aluminium phosphate acts as a barrier for fuel and heat transport, whereas the melamine release results in fuel dilution and the phosphinic acid formation in flame inhibition. The higher amount of aluminium phosphate in PA6/GF-AlPi-MPP stabilised the residue in flammability tests in comparison to PA6/GF-AlPi, so that this material achieved a V-0 classification in the UL 94 test.
Post-irradiation effects on Nylon-fibers reinforced concretes
Authors: Martínez-Barrera Gonzalo , Menchaca-Campos Carmina , Vigueras- Santiago Enrique , Brostow Witold 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFiber-reinforced concretes (FRCs) have a wider application range than ordinary concretes. Properties of FRCs necessarily depend on the characteristics of the aggregates used. We have studied first effects of gamma radiation on mechanical properties of hydraulic concretes containing Portland cement, silica sand, marble, water and Nylon fibers. Compressive strength and dynamic elasticity modulus are of particular importance. In the second stage we have analyzed the changes in these mechanical properties after storage of our concretes for three years. The long storage results in a 97 % of increment in the compressive strength and simultaneous lowering by 35 % of the dynamic elastic modulus. We find a larger influence of the Nylon fibers than those of silica sand and marble on mechanical properties of the concretes.
Synthesis, third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of polystyrene containing 1,8-naphthalimide chromophores in the side chain
Authors: Zhengneng Jin , Najun Li , Jianmei Lu , Qingfeng Xu , Xuewei Xia , Jianfeng Ge , Lihua Wang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTwo novel methacrylate monomers, (4-((methacryloyloxy)-hexyloxy)- benzylidene-hydrazine)-N-(4-alkyloxy)-benzene-1,8-naphthalimide (NAOPH) and (4-((methacryloyloxy)-hexyloxy)-3,5-dimethoxy-benzylidene-hydrazine)-N-(4-alkyloxy)- benzene-1,8-naphthalimide (NA3OPH) were synthesized. The polystyrenes containing 1,8-naphthalimide chromophores were prepared by copolymerization of styrene with NAOPH or NA3OPH. The obtained copolymers were characterized by GPC, 1H-NMR and TLC. The third-order NLO properties of the monomers and copolymers were measured by Z-scan technique. Results show that both monomers and copolymers have reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and selfdefocusing effects. For monomers, NA3OPH has larger third-order NLO susceptibility χ(3) than NAOPH due to introduction of two more methoxy groups. For all copolymers, larger χ(3) is observed when content of 1,8-naphthalimide chromophores was higher.
Novel low-band-gap conjugated polymers using an alternating donor/acceptor repeat unit
Authors: Piyakulawat Phimwipha , Keawprajak Anusit , Chindaduang Anon , Helfer Anke , Asawapirom Udom 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA series of new π-conjugated donor-acceptor copolymers, based on a naphthalene-bisimide moiety as the electron-acceptor and connected to either thiophene or dialkylfluorene as the electron-donor, were synthesized. The polymers are soluble in common organic solvents. The UV-Vis spectra of the copolymers in chloroform showed two absorption maxima at higher energies (ca. 301 - 364 nm), assigned to the π-π * transition, and at a lower energy (ca. 512 - 595 nm), ascribed to the intramolecular charge transfer between donor and acceptor units. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the polymers were susceptible to both electrochemical oxidation and reduction, and they had a LUMO and HOMO levels ranging from -4.07 to -3.80 eV and -6.13 to -5.64 eV, respectively. The energy band gaps were estimated to be 1.48 - 2.06 eV. These results represent a positive step towards making novel compounds suitable for electronic applications.
Catalytic activity of V2O5 on aniline polymerization and the study of structural properties of poly(aniline)/V2O5 nano composite
Authors: Arasi A.Yelil , Jeyakumari J.Juliet Latha , Sundaresan B. , Dhanalakshmi V. , Anbarasan R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIt is a novel approach to the synthesize Poly(aniline) / V2O5 nano composite by free radical polymerization method under different experimental conditions such as variation in time, temperature and concentration of aniline and initiator. It was indicated that V2O5 itself could catalyze the oxidative polymerization of aniline. This can be attributed to the internal doping effect, which introduced flexibility to the rigid PANI backbone. TGA counseled the thermal stability of PANI. Through FTIR study, the structure of PANI was established. Comparison of polymerized aniline composite with two different initiators was done.
Synthesis and characterization of novel optically active, poly(ester-imide)s bearing calix[4]arene and amino acid moieties: ionophoric properties and extraction abilities towards alkali-metal cations
Authors: Hajipour Abdol-Reza , Habibi Sakineh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOptically active poly(ester-imide)s (PEIs) containing upper rim calix[4]arene were prepared in good yield by polycondensation reactions of distal calix[4]arene diol with some optically active diacid chlorides. Pyromellitic dianhydride (3) was reacted with chiral amino acids (4a-4e) to obtain the resulting imide-acids (6a-6e). The compounds (6a-6e) were converted into the corresponding diacid chlorides (7a-7e). The polycondensation reactions of calixarene diol with optically active compounds 7a-7e were carried out by two methods: bulk polycondensation under microwave irradiation and solution polycondensation in a system of triethyl amine (TEA)/dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). The optically active PEIs had good yield and moderate inherent viscosity ranging between 0.18-0.38 dL/g. The extraction ability measurements of PEIs towards alkali metal cations (Na+, K+, Cs+) and Ag+ showed a remarkable efficiency and selectivity toward Ag+.
Wood-cement inhibition revisited and development of new wood-cement inhibitory and compatibility indices based on twelve wood species
Authors: Hachmi M’Hamed , Guelzim Mourad , Hakam Abdelillah , Sesbou Abdessadek 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A new approach is presented in terms of the analysis of wood-cement (WC) compatibility, which is based on a similarity coefficient (CS) that reflects the degree of resemblance between the curves of the “WC hydration temperature vs. time (24 h)” based on 15 g WC mixture and that of neat cement (C). This approach classifies clearly the compatibilities of different wood species on a scale of 0–100%, on which the most incompatible species have CS-values <5% and the upper compatibility class CS data around 95%, which is close to that of C, and which cannot be exceeded. The CS-value is well suited for modelling the inhibitory behaviour of all woods. In the discussion, the CS-approach is compared with other inhibitory indices proposed in the literature.
Improving the Quality of Positive Datasets for the Establishment of Machine Learning Models for pre-microRNA Detection
Authors: Demirci Müşerref Duygu Saçar , Allmer Jens 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of protein abundance and thus have a great impact on the resulting phenotype. It is, therefore, no wonder that they have been implicated in many diseases ranging from virus infections to cancer. This impact on the phenotype leads to a great interest in establishing the miRNAs of an organism. Experimental methods are complicated which led to the development of computational methods for pre-miRNA detection. Such methods generally employ machine learning to establish models for the discrimination between miRNAs and other sequences. Positive training data for model establishment, for the most part, stems from miRBase, the miRNA registry. The quality of the entries in miRBase has been questioned, though. This unknown quality led to the development of filtering strategies in attempts to produce high quality positive datasets which can lead to a scarcity of positive data. To analyze the quality of filtered data we developed a machine learning model and found it is well able to establish data quality based on intrinsic measures. Additionally, we analyzed which features describing pre-miRNAs could discriminate between low and high quality data. Both models are applicable to data from miRBase and can be used for establishing high quality positive data. This will facilitate the development of better miRNA detection tools which will make the prediction of miRNAs in disease states more accurate. Finally, we applied both models to all miRBase data and provide the list of high quality hairpins.
Assessment of strain and dyssynchrony in normal fetuses using speckle tracking echocardiography – comparison of three different ultrasound probes
Authors: Rolf Daniel , Schmidt Rene , Möllers Mareike , Oelmeier de Murcia Kathrin , Braun Janina , Hammer Kerstin , Klockenbusch Walter , Schmitz Ralf 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate segmental left (LV-S) and right (RV-S) ventricular strain as well as longitudinal mechanical myocardial dyssynchrony as a time difference between peaks in strain of both ventricles in fetuses (two-chamber-dyssynchrony, 2C-DYS) using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of data acquisition on the results of STE measurement using different ultrasound probes.

Methods:
We prospectively recorded cardiac cycles of four-chamber views of 56 normal fetuses with three different ultrasound probes and analyzed them offline with speckle tracking imaging software. Furthermore, we looked at a possible influence of heartbeat variability (beat-to-beat variability).

Results:
The evaluation of the parameters was feasible with all three probes in 53 cases. There was no influence of heartbeat variability and no noticeable differences in 2C-DYS, LV-S and RV-S in all cases and for all three probes determined.

Conclusion:
Assessment of strain and dyssynchrony using STE with three different probes is comparable. Further research is needed to validate dyssynchrony as a predictor for fetal outcome.
Decision-Making of an Integrated Supply Chain with Hybrid Sales Channels to Cope with Dual Cost Disruptions
Authors: Wang Yuyan , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFor an integrated supply chain with an online direct channel and a traditional retail channel competing with each other, solutions are be identified as to the two channels’ ordering policies, product pricing strategies, and optimal product output, when product costs in the two channels are disrupted in different ways. Findings are as follows: 1) For the integrated supply chain, when unanticipated events lead to product cost increase, market size will shrink, and the system profit is harmed. In contrast, when unanticipated events lead to reduced product cost, market size will expand, and system profit increases; 2) Production strategies applicable to normal situations have certain robustness, and should be maintained when product cost disruption caused by unanticipated events is relatively small; 3) When product cost disruption caused by unanticipated events is relatively large, product sales price should be first adjusted, and aligned with the way that product cost is disrupted. Meanwhile, order quantity and product output should also be properly adjusted. That is, order quantity and output need to be reduced when product cost increases; order quantity and output need to be increased when product cost is reduced. In the end, this paper employs numerical examples to testify the findings. Research conclusions help to further enrich and extend the theoretic basis of “supply chain disruption management”, and are helpful for researchers’ further study.
Method and Application of Operational Architecture Modeling Based on Information Flow Analysis
Authors: Yang Yinghui , Li Jianhua , Meng Qingwei , Nan Mingli 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
To strengthen operational process analysis and normalize information requirements description in systemic operations based on information systems, a new operational architecture modeling method is proposed from the perspective of information flow analysis. An operational architecture modeling framework based on information flow analysis is established by referring to American department of defense architecture framework (DoDAF V2.0). Concepts of entities, relationships, attributes and mapping rules are defined. Operational activity model, operational nod model and information alternation model are constructed. Finally, aerial assault operation is taken as an example to demonstrate the modeling process. Simulation results show that operational process analysis is more refined and information requirement descriptions are more visible, normal and clear, which validate the feasibility and validity of the method and models.
Inventory and Pricing Decisions Under Wholesale Price Contract with Social Preferences
Authors: Liu Shuren , Chen Huina , Chen Lili 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper introduces the other-regarding preferences coefficients and studies the impact of social preferences on supply chain performance in the price-setting newsvendor setting. It is assumed that the stochastic demand is multiplicative. The manufacturer and retailer play a Stackelberg game. We analyze the impact of the decision-maker’s social preferences on the manufacturer’s optimal wholesale price, the retailer’s optimal retail price and order quantity, the supply chain member’s profits and utilities, and the supply chain system’s profits and utilities under three different cases that only the retailer, only the manufacturer and both are with social preferences. We show that a manufacturer, as a leader, should find a spiteful retailer, while a retailer, as a follower, should find a manufacturer with generous liability, to improve the entire supply chain. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate these results.
Structural and luminescent properties of Fe3+ doped PVA capped CdTe nanoparticles
Authors: Ravindranadh K. , Rao M.C. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
During recent decades, magnetic and semiconductor nanoparticles have attracted significant attention of scientists in various fields of engineering, physics, chemistry, biology and medicine. Fe3+ doped PVA capped CdTe nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, optical, EPR and PL techniques to collect the information about the crystal structure, coordination/local site symmetry of doped Fe3+ ions in the host lattice and the luminescent properties of prepared sample. Powder XRD data revealed that the crystal structure belongs to a cubic system and its lattice cell parameters were evaluated. The average crystallite size was estimated to be 8 nm. The morphology of prepared samples was analyzed by using SEM and TEM investigations. Functional groups of the prepared sample were observed in FT-IR spectra. Optical absorption and EPR studies have shown that on doping, Fe3+ ions enter the host lattice in octahedral site symmetry. PL studies of Fe3+ doped PVA capped CdTe nanoparticles revealed UV and blue emission bands. CIE chromaticity coordinates were also calculated from the emission spectrum of Fe3+ doped PVA capped CdTe nanoparticles.
The (Post-)Communist Orient: History, Self-Orientalization and Subversion by Michał Witkowski and Vladimir Sorokin
Authors: Artwińska Anna 
Published: July 2017

Summary
This article analyses two literary texts: Barbara Radziwiłłówna z Jaworzna-Szczakowej by the Polish author Michał Witkowski (2007) and Sakharnyi Kreml’ by the Russian author Vladimir Sorokin (2008) in the context of postcolonial studies. I treat the terms coined by post-colonial critique, such as orientalism, orientalization, subversion or mimicry as not only ideological categories, but also as aesthetic and narrative ones. These tools turn out to be useful in the interpretation of both these texts which, despite the differences between them, may be read as examples of post-dependence narration, which articulate issues in connection with identity-related problems of modern Polish and Russian cultures. Both Witkowski and Sorokin subversively employ auto- and heterostereotypes and avail themselves of the strategy of self-orientalization, which enables the play on foreign notions regarding, respectively, Polish and Russian culture and collective identity. The novel by Michał Witkowski ironically, perversely addresses national complexes associated with the systemic transformation of 1989 and takes the floor in the discussion on post-communism. In turn, Sakharnyi Kreml’ by Vladimir Sorokin is an example of a futuristic dystopia, in which criticism of Putin’s Russia commingles with reflections on the non-autonomous and non-independent status of own culture which, in the year 2028, continues to reproduce foreign discourses and finds it difficult to articulate its own position.