bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed fault‐tolerant control design for spacecraft finite‐time attitude synchronization
Authors: Zhou Ning , Xia Yuanqing 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis paper develops two distributed finite‐time fault‐tolerant control algorithms for attitude synchronization of multiple spacecraft with a dynamic virtual leader in the presence of modeling uncertainties, external disturbances, and actuator faults. The leader gives commands only to a subset of the followers, and the communication flow between followers is directed. By employing a novel distributed nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode and adaptive mechanism, a distributed finite‐time fault‐tolerant control law is proposed to guarantee all the follower spacecraft that finite‐time track a dynamic virtual leader. Then utilizing three distributed finite‐time sliding mode estimators, an estimator‐based distributed finite‐time fault‐tolerant control law is proposed using only the followers' estimates of the virtual leader. Both of them do not require online identification of the actuator faults and provide robustness, finite‐time convergence, fault‐tolerant, disturbance rejection, and high control precision. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to evaluate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Lyapunov‐based small‐gain approach on design of triggering conditions in event‐triggered control systems
Authors: Yu Hao , Hao Fei 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis paper studies a Lyapunov‐based small‐gain approach on design of triggering conditions in event‐triggered control systems. The event‐triggered control closed‐loop system is formulated as a hybrid system model. Firstly, by viewing the event‐triggered control closed‐loop system as a feedback connection of two smaller hybrid subsystems, the Lyapunov‐based small‐gain theorems for hybrid systems are applied to design triggering conditions. Then, a new class of triggering condition, the safe, adjustable‐type triggering condition, is proposed to tune the parameters of triggering conditions by practical regulations. This is conducive to break the restriction of the conservation of theoretical results and improve the practicability of event‐triggered control strategy. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the efficiency and the feasibility of the proposed results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed output feedback MPC with randomly occurring actuator saturation and packet loss
Authors: Song Yan , Wei Guoliang , Liu Shuai 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn this paper, a distributed output feedback model predictive control (OFMPC) algorithm is presented for the polytopic uncertain system subject to randomly occurring actuator saturation and packet loss. Compared with the intensively applied state feedback control in MPC, the OFMPC is more feasible to the real world because the system states are often unmeasurable. With taking both actuator saturation and packet loss into account, the presented OFMPC algorithm is more practical. Moreover, by splitting the controller inputs into two independent parts, the presented dynamic output feedback control (DOFC) strategy provides more freedom to the controller design. With the global system decomposed into some subsystems, the computation complexity is reduced, thus the online designing time can be saved. By defining the estimation error function and forming an augmented system to handle the DOFC and by transforming the nonlinear feedback law into a convex hull of linear feedback laws, the distributed controllers are obtained by solving a linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization problem. Finally, some simulation examples are employed to show the effectiveness of the techniques proposed in this paper. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐trimester screening for trisomies 18 and 13, triploidy and Turner syndrome by detailed early anomaly scan
Authors: Wagner P. , Sonek J. , Hoopmann M. , Abele H. , Kagan K. O. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the performance of first‐trimester ultrasound screening for trisomies 18 and 13, triploidy and Turner syndrome based on fetal nuchal translucency thickness (NT), additional fetal ultrasound markers including anatomy of the nasal bone (NB), blood flow across the tricuspid valve (TV) and through the ductus venosus (DV) and a detailed fetal anomaly scan at 11–13 weeks' gestation.MethodsThis was a retrospective case‐matched study involving pregnant women at 11–13 weeks' gestation. The study population consisted of fetuses with trisomy 18, trisomy 13, triploidy or Turner syndrome. For each fetus with an abnormal karyotype, 50 randomly selected euploid fetuses were added to the study population. In all cases, the crown–rump length and NT were measured. In addition NB, TV flow and DV flow were examined. The summed risk for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 was computed based on: first, maternal age (MA); second, MA and fetal NT; third, MA, NT and one of the markers NB, TV flow or DV flow; fourth, MA, NT and all these markers combined; fifth, MA, NT and fetal anomalies; and, finally, MA, NT, all markers and fetal anomalies.ResultsThe study population consisted of 4550 euploid and 91 aneuploid fetuses. Median NT was 1.8 mm in euploid fetuses and 4.8, 6.8, 1.8 and 10.0 mm in fetuses with trisomy 18, trisomy 13, triploidy and Turner syndrome, respectively. The NB, TV flow and DV flow were abnormal in 48 (1.1%), 34 (0.7%) and 99 (2.2%) euploid fetuses, respectively, and in 42 (46.2%), 31 (34.1%) and 62 (68.1%) aneuploid fetuses, respectively. At least one defect was found in 60 (1.3%) euploid and in 76 (83.5%) aneuploid fetuses. For a false‐positive rate of 3%, the detection rate for screening based on MA and fetal NT was 75.8%. It increased to 84.6–86.8% when including one of the additional ultrasound markers and it was 90.1% when all three markers were included. When screening was based on MA, fetal NT and a detailed anomaly scan, the detection rate was 94.5% and increased to 95.6% with the addition of NB, TV flow and DV flow.ConclusionA detailed anomaly scan at 11–13 weeks' gestation can identify about 95% of fetuses with trisomy 18, trisomy 13, triploidy and Turner syndrome. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Labour Regulation and Employment Patterns*
Authors: Fenwick Colin , Martinsson Sara , Pignatti Clemente , Rusconi Giuditta 
Published: November 2015

Chapter 4 reviews changes in employment regulation in 63 countries over the past two decades, focusing on changes in the regulation of different forms of employment (in particular agency, fixed‐term, and part‐time work) and employment protection law (EPL).The most distinct changes, globally and especially in Europe, have been the increases in the relative strength of labour regulation that requires equal treatment for workers in agency, fixed‐term and part‐time work. Since the crisis, however, the relative strength of EPL fell in both developing countries and the EU. In the EU, decreases were driven largely by changes to notice periods for dismissal, and to the calculation of redundancy compensation. In the same period, on average, other advanced and emerging economies continued to slightly increase their overall level of EPL.The chapter also analyses the effects of labour regulation and changes in regulation on key labour market indicators including the unemployment rate, the labour force participation rate and the employment to population ratio. The analysis presented in the chapter highlights that there are no negative effects from increased labour regulation. This also confirms the findings of previous studies that showed there was no statistically significant effect between the strength of labour regulation and employment levels.
Dynamics of the mammalian cell cycle in physiological and pathological conditions
Authors: Gérard Claude , Goldbeter Albert 
Published: November 2015

A network of cyclin‐dependent kinases (Cdks) controls progression along the successive phases G1, S, G2, and M of the mammalian cell cycle. Deregulations in the expression of molecular components in this network often lead to abusive cell proliferation and cancer. Given the complex nature of the Cdk network, it is fruitful to resort to computational models to grasp its dynamical properties. Investigated by means of bifurcation diagrams, a detailed computational model for the Cdk network shows how the balance between quiescence and proliferation is affected by activators (oncogenes) and inhibitors (tumor suppressors) of cell cycle progression, as well as by growth factors and other external factors such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell contact inhibition. Suprathreshold changes in all these factors can trigger a switch in the dynamical behavior of the network corresponding to a bifurcation between a stable steady state, associated with cell cycle arrest, and sustained oscillations of the various cyclin/Cdk complexes, corresponding to cell proliferation. The model for the Cdk network accounts for the dependence or independence of cell proliferation on serum and/or cell anchorage to the ECM. Such computational approach provides an integrated view of the control of cell proliferation in physiological or pathological conditions. Whether the balance is tilted toward cell cycle arrest or cell proliferation depends on the direction in which the threshold associated with the bifurcation is passed once the cell integrates the multiple signals, internal or external to the Cdk network, that promote or impede progression in the cell cycle. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:140–156. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1325This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Alkali Metal and Alkaline Earth Metal Complexes with the Bis(borane‐diphenylphosphanyl)amido Ligand – Synthesis, Structures, and Catalysis for Ring‐Opening Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactone
Authors: Bhattacharjee Jayeeta , Das Suman , Reddy T. Dhileep N. , Nayek Hari Pada , Mallik Bhabani S. , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe syntheses of lithium and alkaline earth metal complexes with the bis(borane‐diphenylphosphanyl)amido ligand (1‐H) of molecular formulas [{κ2‐N(PPh2(BH3))2}Li(THF)2] (2) and [{κ3‐N(PPh2(BH3))2}2M(THF)2] [(M = Ca (3), Sr (4), Ba (5)] are reported. The lithium complex 2 was obtained by treatment of bis(borane‐diphenylphosphanyl)amine (1‐H) with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in a 1:1 molar ratio via the silylamine elimination method. The corresponding homoleptic alkaline earth metal complexes 3–5 were prepared by two synthetic routes – first, the treatment of metal bis(trimethylsilyl)amide and protio ligand 1‐H via the elimination of silylamine, and second, through salt metathesis reaction involving respective metal diiodides and lithium salt 2. The molecular structures of lithium complex 2 and barium complex 5 were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. In the solid‐state structure of 2, the lithium ion is ligated by amido nitrogen atoms and hydrogen atoms of the BH3 group in κ2‐coordination of the ligand 1 resulting in a distorted tetrahedral geometry around the lithium ion. However, in complex 5, κ3‐coordination of the ligand 1 was observed, and the barium ion adopted a distorted octahedral arrangement. The metal complex 5 was tested as catalyst for the ring opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone. High activity for the barium complex 5 towards ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ϵ‐caprolactone with a narrow polydispersity index was observed. Additionally, first‐principle calculations to investigate the structure and coordination properties of alkaline earth metal complexes 3–5 as a comparative study between the experimental and theoretical findings were described.
Hand Contamination, Cross‐Transmission, and Risk‐Associated Behaviors: An Observational Study of Team Members in ORs
Authors: Megeus Veronika , Nilsson Kerstin , Karlsson Jón , Eriksson Bengt I. , Andersson Annette Erichsen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTeam members in ORs have frequent hand contact with many surfaces and sites during high workload, thus increasing the risk for microorganism cross‐transmission. This study aimed at identifying risks for hand contamination and microorganism cross‐transmission during invasive procedures in ORs. We carried out observations during 22 daytime sessions and analyzed data using qualitative content analysis. The results revealed that clinicians’ hands may be contaminated by self‐contamination, via objects, or by touching the patient. Contamination may occur before, during, or directly after performing an invasive procedure requiring the use of aseptic technique, which risks cross‐transmitting microorganisms. The results of the study contribute detailed knowledge about risk‐associated activities and behaviors in relation to performing invasive procedures in the OR. This knowledge provides clinicians, managers, and educators with specific information that can be used in nursing and medical education and in quality improvement projects aimed at improving hand hygiene routines and enhancing aseptic technique.
Clinical Issues‐December 2015
Authors: Ogg Mary J. , Burlingame Byron L. , Chambers Kerrie 
Published: November 2015

This MonthComplementary care interventions for pediatric patientsKey words: pediatric, complementary care, music, hypnosis, acupressure, play therapy, pain, anxiety.Cleaning personal eyewearKey words: personal eyewear, eye protection, cleaning, bloodborne pathogen exposure.Education requirements for advanced practice RN (APRN) first assistantsKey words: advanced practice registered nurse, APRN, registered nurse first assistant, RNFA.Degree requirements for entrance to an RN first assistant (RNFA) programKey words: registered nurse first assistant, RNFA, first assistant.Wearing an arm cast in the perioperative settingKey words: arm cast, workplace safety, work restrictions, hand hygiene.
Ghost Surgery: A Frank Look at the Issue and How to Address It
Authors: Dunn Debra 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGhost surgery occurs when a physician assistant, a surgical assistant, an RN first assistant, a resident, or another surgeon assists on or performs an operative or other invasive procedure without the patient's knowledge, regardless of whether the surgeon who obtained the consent was scrubbed in or not. This practice denies patients important information, eliminates their ability to provide informed consent, and represents an ethical issue that nurses must deal with when working with peers and patients. The American Nurses Association developed the Code of Ethics for Nurses to help guide nursing practice, and the provisions within the code embody the ethical issues that should guide nurses’ practice in advocating for patients.
Quality and Patient Safety Teams in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Serino Michele Fusco 
Published: November 2015

AbstractQuality and patient safety teams in the perioperative setting can provide perioperative personnel with a safety net to prevent avoidable errors, which is a necessity in today's complex surgical world. The primary goal of the quality and patient safety team should be to develop and implement a perioperative quality and patient safety strategic plan. The mission of the plan can be developed by surveying facility employees, choosing a quality methodology, and using an evidence‐based approach to develop and implement quality programs and processes. To create and sustain a quality and patient safety team, it is important to select a heterogeneous group; define team roles; identify day‐to‐day, weekly, and monthly team responsibilities; actively participate in facility committees, meetings, and new employee orientation; conduct audits; and schedule project time.
Neuroprotective effects of docosahexaenoic acid on hippocampal cell death and learning and memory impairments in a valproic acid‐induced rat autism model
Authors: Gao Jingquan , Wang Xuelai , Sun Hongli , Cao Yonggang , Liang Shuang , Wang Han , Wang Yanming , Yang Feng , Zhang Fengyu , Wu Lijie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPrenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) in rat offspring is capable of inducing experimental autism with neurobehavioral aberrations. This study investigated the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on hippocampal cell death, learning and memory alteration in an experimental rat autism model. We found that DHA supplementation (75, 150 or 300 mg/kg/day, 21 days) rescued the VPA (600 mg/kg) induced DHA reduction in plasma and hippocampus in a dose‐dependent manner, increased the levels of hippocampal p‐CaMKII and p‐CREB without affecting total protein level, and altered BDNF‐AKT‐Bcl‐2 signaling pathway, as well as inhibited the activity of caspase‐3. DHA also influenced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the VPA‐treated offspring. Consistent with the previous results, we also observed that 300 mg/kg DHA supplementation markedly increased the cell survival, decreased the cell apoptosis, and increased mature neuronal cell in the hippocampus in VPA‐treated offspring. Utilizing the Morris water maze test, we found that DHA prevented cognitive impairment in offspring of VPA‐treated rats. The data suggested that DHA may play a neuroprotective role in hippocampal neuronal cell and ameliorates dysfunctions in learning and memory in this rat autism model. Thus, DHA could be used as treatment intervention for mitigating behavioral dysfunctions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Presynaptic and postsynaptic regulation of muscle contractions in the ascarid nematodeAscaris suum: a target for drug action
Authors: Trailović S.M. , Zurovac Z. , Gruborović S. , Marjanović D.S. , Nedeljković-Trailović J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the role in contractions of postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, in the bag region ofAscaris suummuscle cells, as well as the role of synaptic receptors between interneurons and motor neurons in the dorsal and ventral nerve cord. We have measured the isometric contractions of isolated segments ofA. suum, with or without the nerve cord (dorsal or ventral). Contractions were caused by increasing concentrations of ACh or by electrical field stimulation (EFS). Based on our results, the presence of the nerve cord is essential for the contractile effects of ACh. The EC50value of ACh for innervated muscle strips was 10.88 μm. Unlike intact (innervated) preparations, there was no contraction of the muscle flaps when the nerve cord was mechanically removed. Furthermore, continuous EFS produced stable contractions of innervated muscle strips, but they are not sensitive to mecamylamine (100 μm). However, GABA (30 μm) significantly inhibited the EFS-induced contractions. EFS with the same characteristics did not cause muscle contractions of denervated muscle strips, but EFS with a wider pulse induced the increasing of tone and irregular contractions. These contractions were completely insensitive to the effect of GABA. The EC50for ACh did not differ between the dorsal and ventral segments (9.83 μmand 9.45 μm), while GABA exhibited features of competitive and non-competitive antagonists, regardless of whether it acted on the dorsal or ventral segments ofA. suum. It is obvious that drugs will be more effective if they act on both the synaptic and extrasynaptic nACh and GABA receptors.
Increased risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with depressive disorders: population-based cohort study
Authors: Lin C-S , Lin Y-S , Liu C-F , Weng S-F , Lin C , Lin B-S 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the incidence rates and risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss among patients with depressive disorders.Method:Data for 27 547 patients with newly diagnosed depressive disorders and 27 547 subjects without depressive disorders between 2001 and 2008 were yielded from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss incidence at the end of 2011 was determined. Cumulative incidence and adjusted hazard ratio were computed.Results:Sudden sensorineural hearing loss incidence was 1.45 times higher in the depressive disorders group compared to the non-depressive disorders group (p = 0.0041), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.460. A significant increased risk of developing sudden sensorineural hearing loss was noted in patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and hyperlipidaemia (p < 0.05).Conclusion:The results suggest an increased risk of developing sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with depressive disorders. Co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and hyperlipidaemia significantly aggravated the risk. Depressive disorders might be considered a risk factor for sudden sensorineural hearing loss. It remains to be seen whether control of depressive disorders can decrease the incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with depressive disorders.
Children of the postwar years: A two-generational multilevel risk assessment of child psychopathology in northern Uganda
Authors: Saile Regina , Ertl Verena , Neuner Frank , Catani Claudia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn postconflict settings risk factors at multiple levels of the social ecology, including community, family, and relationship factors, potentially affect children's mental health. In addition, intergenerational risk factors such as guardians’ history of childhood family violence, war exposure, and psychopathology may contribute to children's psychopathological symptoms. In this study, we aimed to identify risk constellations that predict child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms in the postconflict setting of northern Uganda. In a cross-sectional epidemiological study, 513 second-grade students and their female guardians were interviewed using standardized clinical questionnaires. A higher exposure to traumatic events, more witnessed or experienced violence within the family, and lower child-reported care from female guardians independently predicted psychopathological symptoms in children. While controlling for intergenerational risk factors in female guardians, serial mediation modeling revealed that the effect of trauma exposure on children's psychopathological symptoms was partially mediated by higher exposure to family violence and lower child-perceived care from female guardians. The mediation appeared to be stronger for children's depression symptoms and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems than for posttraumatic stress symptoms. The current findings support the need for targeted interventions at the individual and family system levels that are matched to children's psychopathological symptoms.