bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Nanocapsules via Elongated Liposome Templated Polymerization (ELTP) Mediated by RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Xiao Yunxin , Jackson Alexander W. , Tan Angel , Quinn John F. , Crawford Simon , Boyd Ben J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Polymeric nanocapsules comprised of hydrophobic shells and hollow aqueous interiors are an extremely useful class of nanomaterial, particularly in the encapsulation and controlled delivery of hydrophilic cargo. Generally prepared via droplet or latex templation approaches, polymeric nanocapsules are mostly spherical. Controlling the morphology of hollow nanocapsules is an intriguing design challenge. Non-spherical, or elongated, templates are often inorganic materials which do not directly impart a hollow interior, and their post-polymerization removal is not straightforward. This study outlines a novel strategy for the preparation of elongated nanocapsules, wherein elongated liposomes are deployed as hollow templates. Initially, ciprofloxacin drug nanocrystals were utilized to facilitate the formation of elongated liposomes, followed by adsorption of reversible addition − fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) oligomers. Subsequent chain-extension polymerization furnished the desired elongated nanocapsule morphology. This proof-of-concept study contributes towards the goal of elongated nanocapsule synthesis, a morphology which can impart improved circulation times in the field of drug delivery.
Capturing acute and chronic myocardial infarction by MRI rotating frame relaxation times in mice in and ex vivo
Authors: Ylä-Herttuala Elias , Khan Muhammad Arsalan , Laidinen Svetlana , Heikura Tommi , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Liimatainen Timo , Laakso Hanne 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide due to population growth and aging. Myocardial infarction is one of the most crucial cardiovascular diseases. Acute myocardial infarction is conventionally imaged with T2 mapping due to its sensitivity related to the correlation times of edema and free-water molecules. Chronic myocardial infarction, which contains fibrosis and scar tissue, is conventionally imaged with MRI with T1 weighting using contrast agents involved in late gadolinium enhancement and extracellular volume since contrast agent wash out from fibrosis and scar tissue is delayed compared to myocardium. So far, imaging acute myocardial infarcts is related to T2 mapping, and imaging of scar tissue and fibrosis has been limited to techniques with contrast agent injection. Rotating frame relaxation times T1ρ and T2ρ mapping were developed to provide robust measurements with relatively wide B1 and B0 range for these quantities. Since rotating frame methods have different correlation times than T2 and T1, these methods can be used to sensitively and specifically characterize both acute and chronic myocardial infarctions. In this study, acute (2 hours) and chronic (7 days after occlusion) myocardial infarcts in and ex vivo mouse models were imaged with rotating frame relaxation time mapping without the use of contrast agents.
Methods
In vivo imaging protocol contained adiabatic T1ρ and adiabatic T2ρ, both with two different HSn pulses, continuous wave T1ρ and conventional T2, together with cine imaging. Mice were imaged 2 hours and 7 days after myocardial infarction. Mice were sacrificed at the 2-hour or at the 7-day time point. Ex vivo measurements contained adiabatic T1ρ and adiabatic T2ρ with two different HSn pulses, continuous wave T1ρ, T1 and T2. After MRI studies, mouse hearts were fixed, and myocardial infarcts were verified using dystrophin and hematoxylin and eosin histology stainings.
Results
A clear difference between infarcted and normal myocardium was visible at the 2-hour time point in rotating frame relaxation time mapping. Relative relaxation time difference in adiabatic T2ρ with HS4 pulse might be sensitive to both acute edema reaction and chronic infarction. Also, in vivo and ex vivo results of adiabatic T1ρ with both HSn pulses and continuous wave T1ρ measurements showed relative relaxation time, the difference between infarcted and normal myocardium at 2 hours after the occlusion, and the difference increased at the 7-day time point.
Conclusion
This study showed that rotating frame relaxation time methods have the potential to be a non-invasive MR diagnostic marker for acute and chronic myocardial infarcts.
Demultiplexing and barcode-specific adaptive sampling for nanopore direct RNA sequencing
Authors: von Kleist Max , Toorn Wiep van der , Liu-Wei Wang , Bohn Patrick , Smyth Redmond , Olguin-Nava Marco 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (dRNA-seq) enables unique insights into (epi-)transcriptomics. However, applications are currently limited by the lack of accurate and cost-effective sample multiplexing. We introduce WarpDemuX, an ultra-fast and highly accurate adapter-barcoding and demultiplexing approach. WarpDemuX enhances speed and accuracy by fast processing of the raw nanopore signal, use of a light-weight machine-learning algorithm and design of optimized barcode sets. We demonstrate its utility by performing a rapid phenotypic profiling of different SARS-CoV-2 viruses, crucial for pandemic prevention and response, through multiplexed sequencing of longitudinal samples on a single flowcell. This identifies systematic differences in transcript abundance and poly(A) tail lengths during infection. Additionally, integrating WarpDemuX into sequencing control software enables real-time enrichment of target molecules through barcode-specific adaptive sampling, which we demonstrate by enriching low abundance viral RNA. In summary, WarpDemuX is a broadly applicable, high-performance, and economical multiplexing solution for nanopore dRNA-seq, facilitating advanced (epi-)transcriptomic research.
Clinical Application of Suture anchors Surgery and Plate Internal Fixation Surgery in Sternoclavicular Joint Dislocation
Authors: Xie Hao , Zhang Qiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This retrospective study evaluates the effectiveness of plate internal fixation versus suture anchors and cable internal fixation in managing sternoclavicular dislocations.
Methods
Clinical data from 24 patients with sternoclavicular joint dislocations admitted to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital between May 2013 and May 2022 were analyzed. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the surgical intervention received: plate internal fixation and suture anchors and cable internal fixation. Constant-Murley(C-M) scores before surgery and at 1 and 4 weeks postoperatively were compared using independent sample t-tests.
Results
Among the patients, 45.8% sustained posterior dislocations, predominantly due to car accidents (n=12). All had previously unsuccessful closed reductions. Fourteen patients underwent incisional internal fixation, including six with plate internal fixation and eight with anchor nail fixation surgery; one patient received fixation via fiber wire drilled octagonal technique. The anchor nail fixation group demonstrated the most significant improvement compared to both the closed reduction failure group and the plate internal fixation group. 37.5% of patients experienced additional traumatic injuries, with two instances of postoperative plate fractures and one wound hematoma reported. No patients suffered from neurovascular injuries or long-term functional impairments.
Conclusion
Suture anchors internal fixation appears to be a highly effective method for treating sternoclavicular joint dislocations. This technique is simple, effective, and facilitates rapid recovery of joint function, thus offering a superior option for patients with this condition.
Level of Evidence: Level III, Retrospective Study.
Fire activity and drought increases ozone-plant damage to the Amazon rainforest.
Authors: Brown Flossie , Sitch Stephen , Folberth Gerd , Cheesman Alexander , Mercado Lina , Barningham Scott 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Human activity is exposing the Amazon rainforest to increasing stressors including plant damage due to elevated ozone (O3) pollution. O3-plant damage reduces plant photosynthesis and the land carbon sink thus increasing atmospheric CO2. Factors that control O3-plant damage in the Amazon have not been characterised so damage may be exacerbated by recurrent extreme drought and fires. We identify drivers of interannual variability in O3-plant damage using a land surface model validated against satellite products. We find that O3-plant damage increases with fire activity, with additional interactive effects during major droughts. The indirect increase in atmospheric CO2 from fire-driven O3-plant damage is ~50% the magnitude of direct CO2 emissions from fires in non-drought years, suggesting the negative impact of fires on the Amazon carbon budget is severely underestimated. During droughts, leaves close their stomata, which reduces O3 uptake and should protect against O3 damage. However, due to higher fire activity, and elevated O3 concentrations, O3-plant damage during droughts is up to 77 Tg-C (or over 2 times) greater than average. As droughts are set to become more frequent, our results demonstrate that high fire activity associated with drought increases the O3-plant damage risk to the rainforest, especially in remote areas.
Group based trajectory modeling identifies distinct patterns of sympathetic hyperactivity following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Chowdhury Sancharee Hom , Chen Lujie Karen , Hu Peter , Badjatia Neeraj , Podell Jamie Erin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity (PSH) occurs with high prevalence among critically ill Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) patients and is associated with worse outcomes. The PSH-Assessment Measure (PSH-AM) consists of a Clinical Features Scale (CFS) and a Diagnosis Likelihood Tool (DLT), intended to quantify the severity of sympathetically-mediated symptoms and likelihood that they are due to PSH, respectively, on a daily basis. Here, we aim to identify and explore the value of dynamic trends in the evolution of sympathetic hyperactivity following acute TBI using elements of the PSH-AM.Methods We performed an observational cohort study of 221 acute critically ill TBI patients for whom daily PSH-AM scores were calculated over the first 14 days of hospitalization. A principled group-based trajectory modeling approach using unsupervised K-means clustering was used to identify distinct patterns of CFS evolution within the cohort. We also evaluated the relationships between trajectory group membership and PSH diagnosis, as well as PSH DLT score, hospital discharge GCS, ICU and hospital length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Baseline clinical and demographic features predictive of trajectory group membership were analyzed using univariate screening and multivariate multinomial logistic regression.Results We identified four distinct trajectory groups. Trajectory group membership was significantly associated with clinical outcomes including PSH diagnosis and DLT score, ICU length of stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation. Baseline features independently predictive of trajectory group membership included age and post-resuscitation motor GCS.Conclusions This study adds to the sparse research characterizing the heterogeneous temporal trends of sympathetic nervous system activation during the acute phase following TBI. This may open avenues for early identification of at-risk patients to receive tailored interventions to limit secondary brain injury associated with autonomic dysfunction and thereby improve TBI patient outcomes.
Storms regulate Southern Ocean summer warming
Authors: du Plessis Marcel , Nicholson Sarah-Anne , Giddy Isabelle , Monteiro Pedro , Prend Channing , Swart Sebastiaan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Sea surface temperature (SST) in the Southern Ocean is the fingerprint of ocean heat uptake1,2 and critical for air-sea interactions. However, Southern Ocean SST is biased warm in climate models, reflecting our limited understanding of the mechanisms that set its magnitude and variability3,4. An important factor driving SST variability is synoptic-scale weather systems, such as storms3,5, yet their impacts are difficult to directly observe. Using in-situ observations from underwater and surface robotic vehicles in the subpolar Southern Ocean, we show evidence that storms regulate the summer evolution of SST through altering the mixed layer effective heat capacity and entraining colder water from below. Through these mechanisms, we determine that interannual variations in Southern Ocean SST reflect changes in storm intensity and prevalence, which, in turn, are driven by the Southern Annular Mode. Our results demonstrate a causal link between storm forcing and SST variability, which has implications for addressing warming biases in climate models.
Assessing Burden Among Caregivers of Pediatric Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Borsheim Brianna , Krissberg Jill , Matossian Debora , Verghese Priya S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
While the increased burden on the caregivers of children and adolescents with kidney disease is described, the full scope of this burden remains unrecognized and unquantified. The Pediatric Renal Caregiver Burden Scale (PR-CBS) is a validated tool that evaluates caregiver burden in this population.
Objective
To assess caregiver burden in pediatric kidney failure at a tertiary center pediatric hospital pre-kidney transplant (KT) on dialysis, early post-KT (30 days to 364 days), and late post-KT (> 1 year). We also aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of a translated PR-CBS among Spanish-speaking caregivers.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, caregivers were approached during routine clinic visits to complete a hard copy of the PR-CBS independently. Total PR-CBS scores (ranging 51 to 255) and mean domain scores (ranging 1 to 5) were calculated with higher scores reflecting increased burden. Descriptive statistics and T-tests were performed to assess differences between caregivers of children on dialysis versus caregivers of children who received a transplant.
Results
Of the 30 caregivers approached, 26 consented: 5 of children receiving dialysis and 21 post-transplant. Participant survey completion was 100%. Total burden score was higher for caregivers of children on dialysis than after transplant, but not significantly (160 vs 117, P = 0.09). The mean score for every domain in the PR-CBS was higher for caregivers of children on dialysis with significant differences in family life and caregiver identity (respectively, p = 0.04 and p = 0.03). PR-CBS scores did not differ across demographics. Four surveys were completed in Spanish; no significant difference was found between those completed in Spanish and English.
Conclusion
Caregivers of children with kidney failure experience high levels of burden. While a small sample size limited our ability to achieve significance, there was a trend for higher burden scores among caregivers of children on dialysis compared to those caring for children after transplant. This study highlights an oft-ignored need for targeted interventions to enhance quality of life for children with kidney failure and their families. Further, a larger, multi-center, adequately powered study is needed to further assess the degree of burden in this population.
Effect of different placental attachment of placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a 5-year retrospective study
Authors: Kong hongfang , Lu Yong , Li Haiyan , Wang Fang , Su Yuan , Li Xia , Xin Hong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Placenta previa (PP) with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a common hemorrhagic disease in obstetrics; however, there are limited data on maternal and neonatal outcomes with regards to the different placental attachments seen in PP with PAS. This study aimed to analyze the effects of placental attachment sites on pregnancy outcomes in patients with complete PP and PAS.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of clinical-surgical and/or pathologically confirmed placenta accreta spectrum deliveries between January 2018 and August 2022. Maternal, pregnancy, and delivery characteristics were compared between different groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to calculate the odds ratios to determine the distance from the posterior placental attachment to the anterior wall for PP with PAS disorders to evaluate the effect of the placental attachment site on adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Results
Different placental attachments in PP with PAS resulted in different pregnancy outcomes. There were increased adverse pregnancy outcomes with different placental attachments, particularly with anterior wall placentas, compared with that in posterior wall placentas. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the MNS and non-MNS groups in terms of the distance from the posterior placental turnover to the anterior wall. We found that attachment of the placenta to the posterior wall and its crossing of the anterior wall at a distance greater than 4.46 cm would elevate the incidence of critical pregnancy.
Conclusions
We found that when combined with ultrasound examination, an increased distance between the posterior wall of the uterus and the placental attachment to the anterior wall was associated with a higher incidence of critical maternal illness. Especially, the main placenta is attached to the posterior wall, ultrasound assessment of the placenta turning forward beyond 3.71cm increases the risk of adverse outcomes.
Understanding the Impact of He Ion Irradiation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Srivast Amit P , Saini Sanjay , Menon Ranjini , Sharma S. K. , Nabhiraj P. Y. , Neogy Suman , Srivas Amit P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The impact of helium ion irradiation on the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ni-45%Cr-1.4%Mo (wt.%) alloy has been investigated. Analysis via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of a pristine sample revealed an uneven distribution of alpha-Cr phase precipitates along with a few isolated planar arrangements of dislocations within the fcc γ-Ni matrix phase. A detailed study of irradiated samples established the presence of radiation-induced defect clusters, dislocation loops, network dislocations and He-stabilized voids as perceptible irradiation effects. Furthermore, examination of the irradiated sample revealed nearly complete dissolution of the native alpha-Cr precipitates, accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the Cr and Mo content of the matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) studies also confirmed lattice swelling as an effect of irradiation in this alloy, likely caused by helium-stabilized voids. A line profile analysis method which takes into account of planar defects, was employed on GIXRD (Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction) data to analyze changes in microstructural parameters such as domain size, microstrain, dislocation density, and lattice parameter as a function of irradiation dose. All of these irradiation-damage manifestations led to the increase in the hardness of the alloy in nano-indentation experiment. Overall, the findings of this work provide significant insights into the radiation-induced microstructural changes and their effect on the hardening behavior of the studied Ni-Cr-Mo alloy.
Identification of hub genes contributed to the negative correlation between the incidence of Alzheimer's disease and colorectal cancer via integrated bioinformatics analysis and machine learning
Authors: Wang Wanchang , Yang Qianqian , Zhang Menglan , Xu Yuxuan , Yang Yanhong , Jiang Siyu , Zhao Lu , Li Bingxin , Gao Zhaoyu , Zhao Na , Zhang Rui , Xu Shunjiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are two kind of age-related diseases with a negative correlation in risk of prevalence. In this study, we aimed to identify the hub genes and immune-associated biomarkers contributing to the inverse relationship between AD and CRC. The gene expression data from public repositories and the bioinformatics techniques, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and machine learning algorithms, were integrated to screen the hub genes that are inversely expressed in AD and CRC. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was performed to validate the identified hub genes in the cancer tissues from CRC patients or brain tissues from 5×FAD mice. We have identified 6 hub genes, including EBNA1BP2, PPA1, CCT4, SLC39A10, RAN, and PPA1, which potentially play critical roles in the negative correlation between AD and CRC and might provide valuable insights for the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of AD or CRC. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted the immune system's crucial roles in connecting AD and CRC processes. Moreover, the percent of immune cell infiltration in brain or colorectal tissues were different in patients with AD or CRC, offering insights for targeted immunotherapies. Finally, the expression of EBNA1BP2, PPA1 and SLC39A10 were validated to be downregulated in AD, but upregulated in CRC. In conclusion, these results suggested that some hub genes, such as EBNA1BP2, PPA1 and SLC39A10, might contribute to the inverse relationship between AD and CRC, which lay a foundation for further investigating the underlying mechanism, as well as for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this two diseases.
Establishment of electronic patient-reported-outcome symptom monitoring- alerting-intervening (ePRO-SMAI) pathway with metastatic cancer: a protocol for a mixed-design longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Tang Li , Yu Hongfan , Miao Da , Zhang Jingyu , Lei Cheng , Ma Pan , Li Shizhu , Zhou Wen , Li Na , Zhan Qinbo , Xu Huiliang , Shi Qiuling 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Patient-reported outcome (PRO)-based symptom assessment and evaluation of oncological treatment recovery are becoming increasingly important in clinical practice. Although electronic PRO systems are promising, their proactive integration into clinical practice for symptom management remains challenging. Our research aims to establish and explore an electronic PRO-based Symptom Monitoring-Alert-Intervening (ePRO-SMAI) system by emphasizing the importance of comprehensive symptom monitoring in cancer care.
Methods and analysis:
This mixed-method study integrates qualitative patient input with quantitative data to enhance the ePRO-SMAI pathway for symptom management in patients with metastatic cancer. The study follows a 3-step process: Phase 1 involves a bidirectional cohort study to describe symptom management and assess current models using patient input and expert panels from a hospital in China. This cohort study will enroll 168 patients with pathologically or clinically confirmed advanced malignant tumors. The primary outcome is the symptom burden using PROs and pre-designed at baseline (before treatment of the screen period), then once a week during the first month (weeks 1–4), and once semimonthly after 1 month until admission to the hospital for the next cycle of treatment. Phase 2 focuses on designing, developing, and optimizing a tailored ePRO platform for symptom management. Phase 3 explores the clinical pathways of the ePRO-SMAI system to improve patient care outcomes.
Ethics and dissemination:
The Ethics Committee of Shaoxing Second Hospital approved this study on August 28, 2023 (No. Shao Er Yi Lun Shen 2023 Yan Di 038), and all methods will carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The manuscript is based on the latest protocol, version 3.0, published on August 15, 2023. Any modification to the protocol will be submitted for subsequent review and approval.
Trial registration number
ChiCTR2300075430
Trial registration
The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (trial number ChiCTR2300075430) was registered on September 05, 2023 (https//www.chictr.org.cn/).