bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Acute Pancreatitis in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Abu‐El‐Haija Maisam , Kumar Soma , Quiros Jose Antonio , Balakrishnan Keshawadhana , Barth Bradley , Bitton Samuel , Eisses John F. , Foglio Elsie Jazmin , Fox Victor , Francis Denease , Freeman Alvin Jay , Gonska Tanja , Grover Amit S. , Husain Sohail Z. , Kumar Rakesh , Lapsia Sameer , Lin Tom , Liu Quin Y. , Maqbool Asim , Sellers Zachary M. , Szabo Flora , Uc Aliye , Werlin Steven L. , Morinville Veronique D. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBackground:Although the incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) in children is increasing, management recommendations rely on adult published guidelines. Pediatric‐specific recommendations are needed.Methods:The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Pancreas committee performed a MEDLINE review using several preselected key terms relating to management considerations in adult and pediatric AP. The literature was summarized, quality of evidence reviewed, and statements of recommendations developed. The authorship met to discuss the evidence, statements, and voted on recommendations. A consensus of at least 75% was required to approve a recommendation.Results:The diagnosis of pediatric AP should follow the published INternational Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a CuRE definitions (by meeting at least 2 out of 3 criteria: (1) abdominal pain compatible with AP, (2) serum amylase and/or lipase values ≥3 times upper limits of normal, (3) imaging findings consistent with AP). Adequate fluid resuscitation with crystalloid appears key especially within the first 24 hours. Analgesia may include opioid medications when opioid‐sparing measures are inadequate. Pulmonary, cardiovascular, and renal status should be closely monitored particularly within the first 48 hours. Enteral nutrition should be started as early as tolerated, whether through oral, gastric, or jejunal route. Little evidence supports the use of prophylactic antibiotics, antioxidants, probiotics, and protease inhibitors. Esophago‐gastro‐duodenoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic ultrasonography have limited roles in diagnosis and management. Children should be carefully followed for development of early or late complications and recurrent attacks of AP.Conclusions:This clinical report represents the first English‐language recommendations for the management of pediatric AP. Future aims should include prospective multicenter pediatric studies to further validate these recommendations and optimize care for children with AP.
Analysis of Tractor-Associated Fatalities
Authors: Türkoğlu Abdurrahim , Sehlikoğlu Kerem , Tokdemir Mehmet 
Published: September 2017

Introduction and Objective
Tractor is regarded as a key equipment in agriculture, and it is also used for transportation and transfer purposes in addition to its agricultural use. Accidents resulting in death in farmlands are frequently encountered. Tractor-related fatalities are the most common ones among the deaths after farm accidents. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of tractor-related deaths and to discuss the measures that could be taken to prevent these deaths.

Methods
In this study, 42 cases who underwent postmortem examination and/or autopsy because of tractor fatalities in the province of Elazig between January 2005 and December 2016 were examined retrospectively with such variables as sex, age, month and season of incident, cause of incident, location of incident, position of case, and injured region.

Results
Of the cases, 36 (85.7%) were male, and 6 (14.3%) were female. The youngest case was 2 years old, and the oldest case was 83 years old; the mean age was 43.3 ± 25.0 years. Examining the deaths regarding the cause of incident showed that tractor rollover was the most common cause (42.9%). This was followed by being run over by the tractor (19.0%). Of the cases, 24 (57.1%) were drivers, 10 (23.8%) were passengers, and 8 (19.0%) were pedestrians.

Conclusions
Tractor-related fatalities due to tractor rollover are most often seen. To reduce the deaths caused by this reason, drivers should have special training and technical support, use helmets and seatbelts in the tractor, and have a health check at certain intervals (especially the drivers at advanced age).
A Histological Analysis of Visceral Organs to Evaluate the Effect of Duration of Heating From Refrigeration to Core Body Temperature for Ballistics Investigations
Authors: Humphrey Caitlin , Kumaratilake Jaliya 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Animal organs have been used in ballistics research to investigate the effects on human organs. Such organs are refrigerated until the investigation to minimize autolytic degradation and at times have been reheated to the human core body temperature to simulate the in situ environment. The aim of this investigation was to study the microstructural changes that may occur in fresh chilled visceral organs of the thorax and abdomen (ie, heart, lung, liver, and kidney) during the period of reheating to 37°C. Fifty-millimeter cubes of porcine heart, lung, liver, and kidney were taken rapidly after slaughter, chilled overnight, and the next morning were reheated to core body temperature (37°C). Histological changes occurring in the tissues during the reheating phase were investigated. The findings indicated that no cytoplasmic or nuclear changes occurred in any of the tissues during the period of reheating. Therefore, reheating of animal organs to the human core body temperature is not necessary, if the organs are refrigerated.
Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Acute Setting
Authors: Corwin Daniel J. , Grady Matthew F. , Joffe Mark D. , Zonfrillo Mark R. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Pediatric mild traumatic brain injuries, most of which are concussions, are an increasingly common reason for presentation to emergency departments. The diagnosis of concussion has increased dramatically over the past decade, necessitating the acute care provider to have up-to-date knowledge of the definition, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, physical examination findings, and acute management of pediatric concussion. This article also addresses populations most vulnerable to prolonged recovery from pediatric concussion and referral recommendations.
The Association of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Clinic and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Healthy Adults
Authors: Edmondson Donald , Sumner Jennifer A. , Kronish Ian M. , Burg Matthew M. , Oyesiku Linda , Schwartz Joseph E. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with incident cardiovascular risk. We tested the association of PTSD with clinic and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in a sample of healthy participants and tested ABP reactivity to anxiety as a mechanism by which PTSD may influence blood pressure (BP).MethodsParticipants were originally enrolled during workplace BP screenings at three sites; approximately 6 years (standard deviation = 1.0) later, they completed nine clinic BP assessments within three visits, 1 week apart. Before the third visit, participants were screened for PTSD (≥33 on the PTSD Checklist–Civilian) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory) and then completed 24-hour ABP monitoring with electronic diary assessment of anxiety (0–100) at each awake reading.ResultsOf 440 participants, 92 (21%) screened positive for PTSD. In regression models adjusted for depression and demographic and clinical variables, PTSD was associated with greater mean systolic BP (3.8 mm Hg clinic [95% confidence interval {CI}] = 1.1–6.5,p= .006), 3.0 mm Hg awake ABP [95% CI = 0.1–5.9,p= .04], and a nonsignificant 2.1 mm Hg ABP during sleep [95% CI = −1.0 to 5.1,p= .18]). PTSD was associated with greater 24-hour median anxiety (p< .001), and changes in anxiety were positively associated with concurrent systolic ABP (p< .001). ABP reactivity to anxiety was greater in participants with PTSD, which partially explained the association of PTSD with ABP.ConclusionsPTSD is associated with greater systolic BP, partly because of greater anxiety, and systolic BP reactivity to anxiety throughout the day. Daily anxiety and related BP reactivity may be targets for interventions to reduce the cardiovascular risk associated with PTSD.
Partner Loss in Monogamous Rodents: Modulation of Pain and Emotional Behavior in Male Prairie Voles
Authors: Osako Yoji , Nobuhara Reiko , Arai Young-Chang P. , Tanaka Kenjiro , Young Larry J. , Nishihara Makoto , Mitsui Shinichi , Yuri Kazunari 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
Pain is modulated by psychosocial factors, and social stress–induced hyperalgesia is a common clinical symptom in pain disorders. To provide a new animal model for studying social modulation of pain, we examined pain behaviors in monogamous prairie voles experiencing partner loss.

Methods
After cohabitation with novel females, males (n = 79) were divided into two groups on the basis of preference test scores. Half of the males of each group were separated from their partner (loss group), whereas the other half remained paired (paired group). Thus, males from both groups experienced social isolation. Open field tests, plantar tests, and formalin tests were then conducted on males to assess anxiety and pain-related behaviors.

Results
Loss males showing partner preferences (n = 20) displayed a significant increase in anxiety-related behavior in the open-field test (central area/total distance: 13.65% [1.58%] for paired versus 6.45% [0.87%] for loss; p < .001), a low threshold of thermal stimulus in the plantar test (withdrawal latencies: 9.69 [0.98] seconds for paired versus 6.15 [0.75] seconds for loss; p = .037), and exacerbated pain behaviors in the formalin test (total number of lifts: 40.33 [4.46] for paired versus 54.42 [1.91] for loss; p = .042) as compared with paired males (n = 20). Thermal thresholds in the plantar test significantly correlated with anxiety-related behavior in the open-field test (r = 0.64). No such differences were observed in the males that did not display partner preferences (r = 0.15).

Conclusions
Results indicate that social bonds and their disruption, but not social housing without bonding followed by isolation, modulate pain and emotion in male prairie voles. The prairie vole is a useful model for exploring the neural mechanisms by which social relationships contribute to pain and nociceptive processing in humans.
Soft Tissue Response on 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT in Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With 223Ra-Dichloride
Authors: Kwee Sandi A. , Lim John , Coel Marc N. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Two patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer and symptomatic skeletal metastases underwent 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT prior to treatment with 223Ra-dichloride to reveal additional active lesions in the prostate gland and lymph nodes. Subsequent scans performed at the midpoint and end of 223Ra-dichloride therapy showed resolution of this soft tissue activity alongside declining bone lesion activity. Concomitant increases in plasma interleukin 6 were detected, suggesting that immune system activation may have mediated the soft tissue response. Abscopal effects usually encountered with external beam radiotherapy may also be occurring with 223Ra-dichloride therapy.
FDG PET/CT in 2 Cases of Renal Metastasis From Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Qian , Dong Aisheng , Yang Bo , Wang Yang , Zuo Changjing 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Clinically, renal metastasis from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is uncommon. We present 2 cases of renal metastasis from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with enhanced CT and FDG PET/CT findings. In the first case, right kidney and right renal hilum were the only known metastatic sites. In the second case, bilateral kidneys were the only known metastatic sites. All the renal metastatic tumors appeared as hypovascular and hypoattenuating masses involving both the renal cortex and medulla on enhanced CT and intense FDG uptake on FDG PET/CT.
89Zr-Trastuzumab PET/CT for Detection of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Metastases in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Ulaner Gary A. , Hyman David M. , Lyashchenko Serge K. , Lewis Jason S. , Carrasquillo Jorge A. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine if imaging with 89Zr-trastuzumab, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–targeting PET tracer, can detect HER2-positive metastases in patients with HER2-negative primary breast cancer.

Methods
As part of an institutional review board–approved, prospective clinical trial of 89Zr-trastuzumab PET/CT (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02286843), a second group of 11 patients with HER2-negative primary breast cancer and known metastatic disease were recruited. Patients with confirmed HER2-negative primary breast cancer underwent 89Zr-trastuzumab PET/CT to screen for 89Zr-trastuzumab–avid lesions suggestive of unsuspected HER2-positive metastases. 89Zr-trastuzumab–avid lesions on PET/CT were biopsied and pathologically examined to determine HER2 status.

Results
All 11 patients had confirmed HER2-negative primary breast cancer. Four patients demonstrated suspicious foci on 89Zr-trastuzumab PET/CT. Of these 4 patients, 1 patient had biopsy-proven HER2-positive metastases. The other 3 patients with suspicious 89Zr-trastuzumab–avid foci had biopsy demonstrating a metastasis that was HER2-negative and were considered false-positive 89Zr-trastuzumab PET foci. Combined with a published report of the first 9 patients, there have been a total of 20 HER2-negative primary breast cancer patients, with 3 patients (15%) having pathologically confirmed HER2-positive distant metastases and 6 (30%) with suspicious 89Zr-trastuzumab–avid foci that were HER2-negative on pathology, which were thus considered false-positive 89Zr-trastuzumab findings.

Conclusions
This second group of patients confirms the proof of concept that 89Zr-trastuzumab PET/CT detects unsuspected HER2-positive metastases in a subset of patients with HER2-negtive primary breast cancer. False-positive 89Zr-trastuzumab–avid foci present a challenge to using this tracer.
Methionine PET Might Be Reliable for the Detection of Low M-Protein–Producing Myelomas
Authors: Imataki Osamu , Uchida Shumpei , Yokokura Shigeyuki , Uemura Makiko , Kadowaki Norimitsu 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

11C-methionine (MET) positron emission tomography (PET) is more sensitive than 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)–PET for detecting myeloma lesion. Many clinical studies support this evidence mainly for multiple myeloma cases of IgG or IgA subtypes. However, this is not confirmed for low monoclonal protein-producing myelomas, such as IgD, IgE, and nonsecretory type. We encountered a 71-year-old man with IgD λ-type myeloma. In this patient, FDG-PET did not reveal any abnormal uptake lesions, whereas MET-PET revealed diffuse bone marrow uptake that relieved after initial chemotherapy. We speculate that the determinants for high serological activity of protein metabolism are transporter system activity or proliferation index.
Advantages of a Beveled Osteotomy on the Zygomatic Arch During Reduction Malarplasty
Authors: Lee Tae Sung , Park Sanghoon 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
During a conventional reduction malarplasty procedure, a dual approach including intraoral incisions and preauricular incisions is made to reduce both the zygomatic body and arch. As the preauricular approach is performed to cut the zygomatic arch, there are several remarkable advantages that can be achieved by simply beveling the osteotomy anteriorly on the zygomatic arch. This has the benefits of enhancing bone union by the increase in cross-sectional area for bone contact, decreasing palpability on the osteotomy site, placing the osteotomy more posteriorly, preventing depression in the anterior malar region, and reducing the need for metal fixtures.
A Rare Cause of Dyspnea: Cervicothoracic Cystic Lymphangioma
Authors: Jo Min Seop , Jeong Jin Yong 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
I read with great interest the article reported by Efe et al in Journal of Cranofacial Surgery (2016;27:1802-1803), presenting the excellent result obtained by the use of sclerotherapy with single-dose OK-432 in a growing cervical lymphangioma. Cervicothoracic lymphangioma is a rare congenital anomaly that is mostly asymptomatic. We would like to share our experience of a rare cause of dyspnea by lymphangioma. In our case, the patient presented with dyspnea and paroxysmal cough caused by cervicothoracic lymphangioma and sclerotherapy alleviated tracheal compression and relieved the dyspneic symptoms.
Massive Intradural Dermoid Cyst Without Sinus Tract
Authors: Abouhassan William , Chao John An Kuang , Lehman James A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Dermoid cysts can present as a rare, benign, congenital intracranial tumor of neuroectoderm origin trapped during embryogenesis. Past clinical reports have reported lesions in the posterior fossa, at the midline, and in the intradural region all in conjunction with a superficial sinus tract. The authors present a unique patient of a completely intracranial, intradural, dermoid tumor of the midline cerebellum devoid of any evidence of sinus tract. The histological characteristics, radiological features, and management of this unusual patient are described.
Cryo-electron tomography reveals that dynactin recruits a team of dyneins for processive motility
Authors: Grotjahn Danielle A. , Chowdhury Saikat , Xu Yiru , McKenney Richard J. , Schroer Trina A. , Lander Gabriel C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA key player in the intracellular trafficking network is cytoplasmic dynein, a protein complex that transports molecular cargo along microtubule tracks. It has been shown that vertebrate dynein’s movement becomes strikingly enhanced upon interacting with a cofactor named dynactin and one of several cargo-adapters, such as BicaudalD2. However, the mechanisms responsible for this increase in transport efficiency are not well understood, largely due to a lack of structural information. We used cryo-electron tomography to visualize the first 3-dimensional structure of the intact dynein-dynactin complex bound to microtubules. Our structure reveals that the dynactin-cargo-adapter complex recruits and binds to two dimeric cytoplasmic dyneins. Interestingly, the dynein motor organization closely resembles that of axonemal dynein, suggesting that cytoplasmic dynein and axonemal dyneins may utilize similar mechanisms to coordinate multiple motors. We propose that grouping dyneins onto a single dynactin scaffold promotes collective force production as well as unidirectional processive motility. These findings provide a structural platform that facilitates a deeper biochemical and biophysical understanding of dynein regulation and cellular transport.
Neurexin and Neuroligin-based adhesion complexes drive axonal arborisation growth independent of synaptic activity
Authors: Constance William D , Mukherjee Amrita , Fisher Yvette E , Pop Sînziana , Blanc Eric , Toyama Yusuke , Williams Darren W 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBuilding arborisations of the right size and shape is fundamental for neural network function. Live imaging studies in vertebrate brains strongly suggest that nascent synapses are critical for branch growth during the development of axonal and dendritic arborisations. The molecular mechanisms underlying such ‘synaptotropic’ events are largely unknown.Here we present a novel system inDrosophilafor studying the development of complex axonal arborisations live,in vivoduring metamorphosis. In these growing axonal arborisations we see a relationship between the punctate localisations of presynaptic components and branch dynamics that is very similar to synaptotropic growth described in fish and frogs. These presynaptic components however do not appear to represent functional presynaptic release sites and are not paired with clusters of neurotransmitter receptors. Pharmacological and genetic knockdowns of evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission do not impact the outgrowth of these neurons. Instead, we find that axonal branch growth is regulated by the dynamic focal localisations of synaptic adhesion proteins Neurexin and Neuroligin. These adhesion complexes provide selective stability for filopodia by a ‘stick and grow’-based mechanism wholly independent of synaptic activity.
Minor spliceosome inactivation in the developing mouse cortex causes self-amplifying radial glial cell death and microcephaly
Authors: Baumgartner Marybeth , Olthof Anouk M. , Hyatt Katery C. , Lemoine Christopher , Drake Kyle , Sturrock Nikita , Nguyen Nhut , Al Seesi Sahar , Kanadia Rahul N. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInactivation of the minor spliceosome has been linked tomicrocephalicosteodysplasticprimordialdwarfism type1(MOPD1). To interrogate how minor intron splicing regulates cortical development, we employedEmx1-Cre to ablateRnu11, which encodes the minor spliceosome-specific U11 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), in the developing cortex (pallium).Rnu11cKO mice were born with microcephaly, caused by death of self-amplifying radial glial cells (RGCs). However, both intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) and neurons were produced in the U11-null pallium. RNAseq of the pallium revealed elevatedminor intron retention in the mutant, particularly in genes regulating cell cycle. Moreover, the only downregulated minor intron-containing gene (MIG) wasSpc24, which regulates kinetochore assembly. These findings were consistent with the observation of fewer RGCs entering cytokinesis prior to RGC loss, underscoring the requirement of minor splicing for cell cycle progression in RGCs. Overall, we provide a potential explanation of how disruption of minor splicing might cause microcephaly in MOPD1.Summary StatementHere we report the first mammalian model to investigate the role of the minor spliceosome in cortical development and microcephaly.List of abbreviations usedMOPD1=microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1; snRNA=small nuclear RNA; cKO=conditional knockout; NPC=neural progenitor cell; RGC=radial glial cell; IPC=intermediate progenitor cell; MIG=minor intron-containing gene
SpliceVec: distributed feature representations for splice junction prediction
Authors: Dutta Aparajita , Dubey Tushar , Singh Kusum Kumari , Anand Ashish 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIdentification of intron boundaries, called splice junctions, is an important part of delineating gene structure and functions. This also provides valuable in-sights into the role of alternative splicing in increasing functional diversity of genes. Identification of splice junctions through RNA-seq is by mapping short reads to the reference genome which is prone to errors due to random sequence matches. This encourages identification of splicing junctions through computa-tional methods based on machine learning. Existing models are dependent on feature extraction and selection for capturing splicing signals lying in vicinity of splice junctions. But such manually extracted features are not exhaustive. We introduce distributed feature representation,SpliceVec, to avoid explicit and biased feature extraction generally adopted for such tasks. SpliceVec is based on two widely used distributed representation models in natural language processing. Learned feature representation in form of SpliceVec is fed to multi-layer perceptron for splice junction classification task. An intrinsic evaluation of SpliceVec indicates that it is able to group true and false sites distinctly. Our study on optimal context to be considered for feature extraction indicates inclusion of entire intronic sequence to be better than flanking upstream and downstream region around splice junctions. Further, SpliceVec is invariant to canonical and non-canonical splice junction detection. The proposed model is consistent in its performance even with reduced dataset and class-imbalanced dataset. SpliceVec is computationally efficient and can be trained with user defined data as well.