bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A training model for revitalization procedures
Authors: Widbiller M. , Ducke S. , Eidt A. , Buchalla W. , Galler K. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo develop an inexpensive simulation model for training of revitalization procedures.MethodologyA replica of an immature maxillary central incisor was equipped with a mock blood reservoir at the root apex and embedded in a plaster model. Mock blood consisted of water supplemented with red pigments and fibrinogen, whilst thrombin was inserted into the root canal to allow for clot formation.ResultsA true‐to‐life training model for revitalization procedures was established, where the induction of bleeding and formation of a blood clot can be mimicked. The model can be fastened to a patient mannequin and thus closely simulate the clinical setting.ConclusionsThe newly developed model can be used for training purposes, both for dental students and for practitioners, to perform the treatment steps of a revitalization procedure.
Applying the community health worker model in dermatology: a curriculum for skin cancer prevention education training
Authors: Jacobsen Audrey A. , Maisonet Jezabel , Kirsner Robert S. , Strasswimmer John 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundIncidence of skin cancer is rising in Hispanic populations and minorities often have more advanced disease and experience higher mortality rates. Community health worker (CHW) programs to promote primary and secondary prevention show promise for many diseases, but an adequate training program in skin cancer prevention is not documented. We present a model for CHW specialty certification in skin cancer prevention for underserved, Hispanic communities.MethodsWe designed a culturally appropriate CHW training program according to an empowerment model of education for skin cancer prevention and detection in underserved Hispanic communities. We partnered with a large nonprofit clinic in South Florida.ResultsNineteen CHWs completed the 2‐h training course. After the course, 82.4% (n = 14) strongly agreed with the statement “I feel confident I can educate others on the warning signs of melanoma.” Eighty‐eight percent (88.2%, n = 15) strongly agreed that they felt confident that they could educate others on the importance of sun safety. One hundred percent (n = 19) answered each question about how the sun affects the skin correctly while 84.2% (n = 16) were able to identify the “ABCDEs” of melanoma. Nearly 90% strongly agreed with “I plan to change my personal sun safety behaviors based on what I learned today”.DiscussionOur results indicate successful transfer of information and empowerment to CHWs with high levels of confidence. Disease specific “specialty certifications” are a component of effective CHW policies. An appropriate training tool for skin cancer education is an important addition to a growing list of CHW specialty certifications.
Porphyria cutanea tarda: an intriguing genetic disease and marker
Authors: Handler Nancy S. , Handler Marc Z. , Stephany Matthew P. , Handler Glenn A. , Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPorphyrias are a group of intriguing genetic diseases of the heme pathway, of which porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is the most common. Resulting from a defect in enzymes in the porphyria pathway, PCT has been linked to several conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated a change in thinking regarding the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and development of PCT. The exacerbation of PCT with contraction of HIV is now believed to result from coinfection from the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Blistering of sun‐exposed skin, a classic presenting sign of PCT, is not exclusive to the condition. Cutaneous findings must also trigger physicians to consider additional types of porphyrias, such as variegate porphyria. The diagnosis of pseudoporphyria, which does not result from enzymatic absence, must be considered in patients with photosensitivity and cutaneous bullae. Recent health food trends, such as chlorophyll, have been linked to pseudoporphyria. PCT is a serious condition in which accurate diagnosis is necessary for appropriate management.
Two cases of alopecia areata treated with ruxolitinib: a discussion of ideal dosing and laboratory monitoring
Authors: Vandiver Amy , Girardi Nicholas , Alhariri Jihad , Garza Luis A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata is a relatively common condition affecting patients seen in community dermatology clinics. A 2014 study implicated the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib in short‐term treatment of alopecia, however little information exists about the long‐term use in otherwise healthy individuals in the community setting.MethodsA patient with chronic alopecia areata and a patient with acute onset alopecia universalis were treated with oral ruxolitinib for over a year.ResultsBoth patients experienced sustained, near‐complete regrowth without hematologic or other complications after one year of treatment. Oral ruxolitinib effectively and safely treated alopecia in two women.ConclusionsRuxolitinib should be considered for cases of unresponsive alopecia in the community.
The Health and Economic Well‐Being of US Mothers with Intellectual Impairments
Authors: Powell Robyn M. , Parish Susan L. , Akobirshoev Ilhom 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundWhile the United States has seen increased attention by policymakers on the rights of parents with disabilities, there is limited understanding of the health and economic well‐being of parents with intellectual impairments. This study compares the health and economic well‐being of mothers with and without intellectual impairments.MethodsThis descriptive, exploratory study is a secondary analysis of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. This study includes a subsample of mothers of three‐year‐old children (n = 1561), including mothers with intellectual impairments (n = 263) and without intellectual impairments (n = 1298).ResultsUS Mothers with intellectual impairments are more likely to report serious health conditions, have less instrumental support, live in poverty, receive public benefits and experience certain material hardships.ConclusionFindings from this study indicate the need for policies and programmes to support parents with intellectual impairments by addressing their health and economic needs.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Color Stability of Two Different At‐Home Bleaching Systems on Teeth of Different Shades: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Aka Betül , Celik Esra Uzer 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis randomized controlled clinical trial compared the bleaching efficacy of two different at‐home bleaching systems on teeth of different shades and their color stability after a 6‐month follow‐up.Materials and MethodsNinety‐two patients (777 teeth) were randomly divided into three groups: (a) negative control, (b) patients treated with a custom‐made tray containing 10% carbamide peroxide (10% CP/PF) (Opalescence PF), and (c) patients treated with a pre‐loaded tray containing 6% hydrogen peroxide (6% HP/Go) (Opalescence Go). Teeth in all groups were divided into three sub‐groups according to the VITA Classic Shade Guide: light (A1–C1), medium dark (C2–B3), and dark (A3.5–C4). Bleaching systems were performed in accordance with manufacturers' instructions for 14 days. The color values were measured at the baseline, 10 days and 14 days of bleaching, 2 weeks, and 6 months after bleaching. Three‐way ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05).ResultsIrrespective of original shade, both bleaching groups showed significantly higher ΔE* values than the control groups, and the ΔE* values were significantly higher in the 10% CP/PF groups than those in the 6% HP/Go groups (p < 0.05). In both bleaching systems, the dark teeth showed higher ΔE* values than the light teeth (p < 0.05). The ΔE* values decreased significantly only in the 10% CP/PF groups after 6 months (p < 0.05).ConclusionsBoth bleaching agents produced a bleaching effect, but 10% CP/PF was more effective.Clinical SignificanceA pre‐loaded tray system may be used for dental bleaching, but it is still less effective than conventional a 10% carbamide peroxide system, irrespective of the initial shade. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:325–338, 2017)
Effect of stage‐based education provided by dedicated dietitians on hyperphosphataemic haemodialysis patients: results from the Nutrition Education for Management of Osteodystrophy randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rizk R. , Karavetian M. , Hiligsmann M. , Evers S. M. A. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Nutrition Education for Management of Osteodystrophy trial showed that stage‐based nutrition education by dedicated dietitians surpasses existing practices in Lebanon with respect to lowering serum phosphorus among general haemodialysis patients. The present study explores the effect of nutrition education specifically on hyperphosphataemic patients from this trial.MethodsHyperphosphataemic haemodialysis patients were allocated to a dedicated dietitian (DD), a trained hospital dietitian (THD) and existing practice (EP) protocols. From time‐point (t)‐0 until t‐1 (6 months), the DD group (n = 47) received 15 min of biweekly nutrition education by dedicated dietitians trained on renal nutrition; the THD group (n = 89) received the usual care from trained hospital dietitians; and the EP group (n = 42) received the usual care from untrained hospital dietitians. Patients were followed‐up from t‐1 until t‐2 (6 months). Analyses used two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance and Cohen's effect sizes (d).ResultsAt t‐1, phosphataemia significantly decreased in all groups (DD:−0.27 mmol L−1; EP:−0.15 mmol L−1; THD:−0.12 mmol L−1; P < 0.05); the DD protocol had the greatest effect relative to EP (d = −0.35) and THD (d = −0.50). Only the DD group showed more readiness to adhere to a low phosphorus diet at t‐1; although, at t‐2, this regressed to baseline levels. The malnutrition inflammation score remained stable only in the DD group, whereas the EP and THD groups exhibited a significant increase (DD: 6.74, 6.97 and 7.91; EP: 5.82, 8.69 and 8.13; THD: 5.33, 7.92 and 9.42, at t‐0, t‐1 and t‐2, respectively).ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that the DD protocol decreases serum phosphorus compared to EP and THD, at the same time as maintaining the nutritional status of hyperphosphataemic haemodialysis patients. Assessing the cost‐effectiveness of the DD protocol is recommended.
Clinical and microbiological efficacy of 4% Garcinia mangostana L. pericarp gel as local drug delivery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mahendra Jaideep , Mahendra Little , Svedha Priyadharshini , Cherukuri Sandhya , Romanos Georgios E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to assess the periodontal status of individuals and the presence of red complex microorganisms (RCM), such as Treponema denticola (Td), Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia in the subgingival tissues of periodontitis patients before and after the application of 4% mangostana gel (Garcinia mangostana [MGA]) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP).MethodsTwenty‐five patients (MGA group) were treated with SRP, and the subgingival application of mangostana gel was used as local drug delivery. Twenty‐five patients (placebo group) were treated with SRP and placebo gel. Clinical parameters were recorded, and the presence of RCM was assessed at baseline and at the third month.ResultsClinical parameters, such as probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding index, plaque index, and Td, were significantly reduced in the MGA group compared to the placebo group from baseline to the third month.ConclusionThere was a significant improvement in the periodontal status with a reduction in Td with the application of mangostana gel in periodontal pockets. In the near future, 4% mangostana gel can be used as an adjunct to SRP to provide a new dimension to periodontal therapy.
Post‐dilation in transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Nelson , Lal Sean 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to perform a meta‐analysis to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing TAVR with and without balloon post‐dilation (PD).BackgroundPD is a commonly used technique in TAVR to minimize paravalvular regurgitation (PVR), albeit supported by little evidence.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis of 6 studies comparing 889 patients who had PD compared to 4118 patients without PD.ResultsPatients undergoing PD were more likely male (OR 1.92; 95% CI, 1.41‐2.61; P < 0.001) and to have coronary artery disease (OR 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.68; P = 0.03) than those patients not requiring PD. There were no significant differences in 30‐day mortality (OR 1.24; 95% CI, 0.88‐1.74; P = 0.22) and myocardial infarction (OR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.46‐1.90; P = 0.85). Patients undergoing TAVR did not have higher 1‐year mortality rates (OR 0.98; 95% CI, 0.61‐1.56; P = 0.92). The incidence of stroke was significantly greater in patients with PD (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.10‐2.66). PD was able to reduce the incidence of moderate‐severe PVR by 15 fold (OR 15.0; 95% CI, 4.2‐54.5; P < 0.001), although rates of moderate‐severe PVR were still higher after PD than patients who did not require PD (OR 3.64; 95% CI, 1.96‐6.75; P < 0.001).ConclusionsPD significantly improves rates of PVR, however careful patient selection is needed to minimize increased risk of strokes.
Practitioners' experiences of adolescent suicidal behaviour in peer groups
Authors: Briggs S. , Slater T. , Bowley J. 
Published: March 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Group suicidal behaviour can be devastating for all concerned.

There is an absence of research on adolescent suicidal group behaviour.

The perspectives of practitioners’ experiences of these groups are largely lacking from research literature.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Practitioners work regularly with suicidal behaviour in adolescent peer groups.

Practitioners identify peer relationships in groups as complex, including elements that are both suicide encouraging and preventing.

Practitioners identify a range of ways in which young people become involved in suicidal behaviour in groups, including indirectly through risk taking and care‐seeking as well as directly suicidal or self‐harming.

What are the implications for practice?

Assessments of young people should routinely include a focus on the qualities of peer relations, including those in the online/digital realm.

Assessments and interventions need to consider the complexity of group relationships and roles, and the multiplicity of factors that can contribute to suicidal behaviour in groups.

Interventions that sustain therapeutic connectedness are helpful for taking dynamic/fluctuating risks into account.

AbstractIntroductionGroup suicidal behaviour by young people can have harmful effects; it may be increasing, influenced by online media and reported increasing self‐harm rates; new knowledge and understanding to inform interventions is required.AimTo explore how practitioners experience group suicidal behaviour amongst adolescents, how they assess risks/needs, and how these insights inform understanding about these groups.MethodTen practitioners, including Mental Health Nurses, were interviewed in one multidisciplinary CAMHS, in England. Data analysis was by Thematic Analysis (Braun & Clarke 2006).ResultsParticipants described frequently working with suicidal groups. Roles in groups include suicide encouraging and preventing. Practitioners identify risky and protective connections between young people, online and offline. Clinical tensions include living with suicidal risks, emotional and positional challenges, and getting to grips with digital media.DiscussionPeer groups appear to have a larger role in adolescent suicide than recognized to date. Practitioners need to assess young people's roles in groups, their diverse motivations and to understand constantly changing digital media.Implications for practiceAssessments of suicide risk for young people should routinely include focus on peer relations including the online/digital realm. Maintaining relationships with vulnerable young people facilitates managing fluctuating risks and understanding different group dynamics.
Multilayered control of peroxisomal activity upon salt stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Manzanares‐Estreder Sara , Espí‐Bardisa Joan , Alarcón Benito , Pascual‐Ahuir Amparo , Proft Markus 
Published: March 2017

SummaryPeroxisomes are dynamic organelles and the sole location for fatty acid β‐oxidation in yeast cells. Here, we report that peroxisomal function is crucial for the adaptation to salt stress, especially upon sugar limitation. Upon stress, multiple layers of control regulate the activity and the number of peroxisomes. Activated Hog1 MAP kinase triggers the induction of genes encoding enzymes for fatty acid activation, peroxisomal import and β‐oxidation through the Adr1 transcriptional activator, which transiently associates with genes encoding fatty acid metabolic enzymes in a stress‐ and Hog1‐dependent manner. Moreover, Na+ and Li+ stress increases the number of peroxisomes per cell in a Hog1‐independent manner, which depends instead of the retrograde pathway and the dynamin related GTPases Dnm1 and Vps1. The strong activation of the Faa1 fatty acyl‐CoA synthetase, which specifically localizes to lipid particles and peroxisomes, indicates that adaptation to salt stress requires the enhanced mobilization of fatty acids from internal lipid stores. Furthermore, the activation of mitochondrial respiration during stress depends on peroxisomes, mitochondrial acetyl‐carnitine uptake is essential for salt resistance and the number of peroxisomes attached to the mitochondrial network increases during salt adaptation, which altogether indicates that stress‐induced peroxisomal β‐oxidation triggers enhanced respiration upon salt shock.
FcRav2, a gene with a ROGDI domain involved in Fusarium head blight and crown rot on durum wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum
Authors: Spanu Francesca , Scherm Barbara , Camboni Irene , Balmas Virgilio , Pani Giovanna , Oufensou Safa , Macciotta Nicolo’ , Pasquali Matias , Migheli Quirico 
Published: March 2017

SummaryFusarium culmorum is a soil‐borne fungal pathogen which causes foot and root rot and Fusarium head blight on small‐grain cereals, in particular wheat and barley. It causes significant yield and quality losses and results in the contamination of kernels with type B trichothecene mycotoxins. Our knowledge of the pathogenicity factors of this fungus is still limited. A transposon tagging approach based on the mimp1/impala double‐component system has allowed us to select a mutant altered in multiple metabolic and morphological processes, trichothecene production and virulence. The flanking regions of mimp1 were used to seek homologies in the F. culmorum genome, and revealed that mimp1 had reinserted within the last exon of a gene encoding a hypothetical protein of 318 amino acids which contains a ROGDI‐like leucine zipper domain, supposedly playing a protein–protein interaction or regulatory role. By functional complementation and bioinformatic analysis, we characterized the gene as the yeast Rav2 homologue, confirming the high level of divergence in multicellular fungi. Deletion of FcRav2 or its orthologous gene in F. graminearum highlighted its ability to influence a number of functions, including virulence, trichothecene type B biosynthesis, resistance to azoles and resistance to osmotic and oxidative stress. Our results indicate that the FcRav2 protein (and possibly the RAVE complex as a whole) may become a suitable target for new antifungal drug development or the plant‐mediated resistance response in filamentous fungi of agricultural interest.
Metatropic dysplasia—a skeletal dysplasia with challenging airway and other anesthetic concerns
Authors: Theroux Mary C. , Lopez Martha , Olszewsky Patricia J. , DiCindio Sabina , Arai Lynda , Ditro Colleen , Bober Michael B. , Olla Olubukola Opeyemi , Uejima Tetsu , West David W. , Mackenzie William G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundMetatropic dysplasia is a rare form of skeletal dysplasia requiring multiple anesthetics for surgical and imaging procedures, most of which are orthopedic procedures. We provide centralized care to patients with skeletal dysplasia at our tertiary care pediatric hospital, and we were able to collect the largest number of metatropic dysplasia patients reported to date.AimThe aim of this retrospective study was to describe and characterize the anesthetic difficulties in this high‐risk population.MethodsMedical charts of all patients with metatropic dysplasia were reviewed to collect data, including anesthetics performed, difficulties, and complications related to the anesthetic care, co‐morbid conditions, and related events.ResultsTwenty‐three patients with metatropic dysplasia underwent 188 anesthetics with 61% of the anesthetics having been administered for orthopedic procedures. Fourteen of 23 (60.8%) progressively became difficult to intubate over the course of their care, with 12 out of 14 having undergone cervical spine fusion. These 14 patients had a total of 133 procedures. Sixty procedures (45.1%) had an airway described as difficult. Glidescope was the difficult airway tool most commonly used (68%) with flexible fiberoptic scope used 12% and Miller or Macintosh blade used 18% of the time. In addition to the airway difficulties, spinal canal narrowing or stenosis was widely prevalent, and no neuraxial anesthetic was performed in any of our patients.ConclusionDifficult airway is the most common co‐morbid condition present in patients with metatropic dysplasia, especially if their cervical spine has been fused. Familiarity with the difficulties involving the airway and its management is critical in safe and successful management of anesthesia in this high‐risk population.
Intimate partner support: A comparison of gay, lesbian, and heterosexual relationships
Authors: ELLIS LILLIAN , DAVIS MARK 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this investigation, intimate partner support, relationship satisfaction, and separation proneness were assessed for four types of people: men in a relationship with a woman (MRW), men in a relationship with a man (MRM), women in a relationship with a man (WRM), and women in a relationship with a woman (WRW). Men and women in same‐sex relationships received more support, were more satisfied, and reported fewer thoughts of separating than their counterparts in opposite‐sex relationships. The effect of relationship type on satisfaction was not significant once the amount of received support was controlled. The implications of these findings for understanding the support process in same‐sex relationships are discussed.