bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced tofu quality through calcium sulfate and transglutaminase treatment: physicochemical properties and digestibility analysis
Authors: Liu Jia , Yang Siran , Tang Ruyi , Yang Wenjing , Xing Guangliang 
Published: September 2024

SummaryTofu, a traditional soy‐based food, is widely consumed globally and serves as a significant source of plant protein. The quality of tofu can vary greatly depending on the coagulation process and the type of coagulants used. This study investigated the impact of a compound coagulant, consisting of transglutaminase (TGase) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4), on tofu quality, specifically focusing on pH, yield, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, protein content, and in vitro digestibility. Soymilk was pre‐crosslinked with TGase for different durations (0, 1, 2, and 3 h) before the addition of CaSO4. Results indicated that TGase pre‐treatment significantly improved tofu yield and WHC, with optimal outcomes at 3 and 2 h, respectively. Cooking loss decreased with TGase treatment but increased at the 3‐h mark, suggesting over‐crosslinking. Electrophoresis revealed substantial protein crosslinking with TGase treatment, while in vitro digestion showed enhanced protein digestibility and higher peptide content in TGase‐treated samples. These findings underscore the potential of TGase treatment to enhance tofu's structural integrity and digestibility, offering valuable insights for optimising plant‐based protein processing to improve nutritional quality.
Sourcing algorithms: Rethinking fairness in hiring in the era of algorithmic recruitment
Authors: Alexander Leo , Song Q. Chelsea , Hickman Louis , Shin Hyun Joo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSourcing algorithms are technologies used in online platforms to identify, screen, and inform potential applicants about job openings. The popularity of such technologies is rapidly increasing due to their pervasiveness in online advertising and beliefs that sourcing algorithms can decrease time to hire while improving the quality of new hires. What is little known, however, are their potential risks: sourcing algorithms could (intentionally or unintentionally) encode or exacerbate occupational demographic disparities, thereby hindering organizational diversity and/or decreasing the effectiveness of online hiring practices. Because sourcing algorithms identify and screen potential job applicants before they are made aware of employment opportunities, methods for evaluating discrimination in hiring which focus solely on job applicants (e.g., adverse impact ratio), may fail to detect the effects of discriminatory sourcing algorithms. Thus, we propose an expanded model of the employee hiring process to take into account the role of sourcing algorithms. Based on empirical approximations, we conducted a Monte Carlo simulation study to examine the magnitude and nature of sourcing algorithms' influence on hiring outcomes. Our findings suggest that sourcing algorithms could hinder the diversity of new hires while misleadingly suggesting positive diversity outcomes in personnel selection. We provide practical guidance for the use of sourcing algorithms and call for a systematic re‐examination of how to evaluate selection system fairness in the era of algorithmic recruitment.
Prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 Antibodies in Kosovo‐Wide Population‐Based Seroepidemiological Study
Authors: Ramadani Naser , Hoxha‐Gashi Sanije , Gexha‐Bunjaku Dafina , Kalaveshi Arijana , Jakupi Xhevat , Humolli Isme , Vaughan Aisling , Pebody Richard , Kacaniku‐Gunga Pranvera , Jashari Violeta 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSeroprevalence studies have proven to be an important tool in tracking the progression of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to measure the seroprevalence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in the general population of Kosovo by gender, age group and region and among asymptomatic people.MethodThe Institute of Public Health of Kosovo conducted a cross‐sectional population‐based survey, aligned with the protocols of the WHO Unity Studies, from the beginning of May to the end of June 2021.ResultsThe survey covered a total of 2204 people with a response rate of 91.8% (41.9% [923] males and 51.2% [1281] females). In May to June 2021, the prevalence of antibodies in the overall population (IgG antibodies ≥ 1.1) was 37.0%. Seroprevalence was 34.4% in men and 38.9% in women (p < 0.05), with the highest percentage (48.7%) found in the 60–69 years' age group. The overall prevalence of acute IgM antibodies (IgM ≥ 1.1) was 1% (95% CI: 0.7%–1.5%), with no significant difference between genders and the highest prevalence among participants of 60–69 years of age (1.6%; 95% CI: 0.7%–3.6%).ConclusionA high prevalence of antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 was found in Kosovo before the start of the vaccination campaign. However, the results of the survey suggested that, by the end of June 2021, a desirable level of protection from the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus had not been reached.
Navigating Life With Parkinson's Disease: A Focus Group Study on Coping Strategies and Considerations for Self‐Management Support
Authors: Daemen Maud M. J. , De Bruijn‐Heijligers Bouke A. A. G. , Van Der Heijden Colin , Boots Lizzy M. M. , Oosterloo Mayke , De Vugt Marjolein E. , Duits Annelien A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo investigate the experiences of people with Parkinson's disease in coping with and adapting to their disease and to identify considerations for a tailored self‐management support program.DesignA descriptive phenomenological focus group study.MethodsFive semi‐structured focus groups were conducted between April 2023 and June 2023 in the Netherlands, with 12 people with Parkinson's disease. Two researchers independently performed an inductive content analysis.ResultsThree principal categories emerged: (1) Rational realisation versus emotional experience: the coping strategy transition. This category includes three main coping strategies: denial or avoidance coping, acknowledging with less active coping and proactive and task‐oriented coping. (2) Factors that influence coping, including mindset and skills, social circles and communication and access to support and care. (3) Considerations for successful self‐management of Parkinson's disease, highlighting key areas such as psycho‐emotional guidance, nutrition and lifestyle, peer support and maintaining autonomy and sense of identity.ConclusionCoping and adaptation strategies are individual and dynamic processes, with multiple key or turning points during the transition between strategies. Tailored self‐management support can enhance coping abilities during these transitions, fostering adaptation to a life with Parkinson's disease.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareA patient‐focused version of an existing blended self‐management support program for family caregivers will be developed, which will be delivered by healthcare professionals.ImpactThis study can help healthcare professionals tailor support for people with Parkinson's disease, emphasising their role in facilitating coping and adaptation. Enhancing self‐management can improve self‐efficacy, quality of life and potentially reduce healthcare utilisation in people with Parkinson's disease.Reporting MethodFindings are reported according to the COREQ guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionPatients and Parkinson's disease experts participated in the preparation and implications of the findings. All participants could contribute to the self‐management support program, either through video interviews or content feedback.
Calibrating acceleration transmitters to quantify the seasonal energetic costs of activity in lake trout
Authors: Reeve Connor , Smith Kurtis A. , Bzonek Paul A. , Cooke Steven J. , Blanchfield Paul J. , Brownscombe Jacob W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBioenergetics models are powerful tools used to address a range of questions in fish biology. However, these models are rarely informed by free‐swimming activity data, introducing error. To quantify the costs of activity in free‐swimming fish, calibrations produced from standardized laboratory trials can be applied to estimate energy expenditure from sensor data for specific tags and species. Using swim tunnel respirometry, we calibrated acceleration sensor‐equipped transmitting tags to estimate the aerobic metabolic rates (ṀO2) of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) at three environmentally relevant temperatures. Aerobic and swim performance were also assessed. Like other calibrations, we found strong relationships between ṀO2 and acceleration or swimming speed, and jackknife validations and data simulations suggest that our models accurately predict metabolic costs of activity in adult lake trout (~5% algebraic error and ~20% absolute error). Aerobic and swim performance metrics were similar to those reported in other studies, but their critical swimming speed was lower than expected. Additionally, lake trout exhibited a wide aerobic scope, suggesting that the avoidance of waters ≥15°C may be related to selection for optimal growing temperatures. The ability to quantify the free‐swimming energetic costs of activity will advance our understanding of lake trout ecology and may yield improvements to bioenergetics model.
Possible determinants of physical fitness in Japanese school children: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yoshikawa Aya , Asakura Keiko , Mori Sachie , Fujiwara Aya , Sasaki Satoshi , Nishiwaki Yuji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhysical fitness is one of the most important health indicators in children. Although appropriate body composition or certain lifestyle factors such as frequent physical activity are thought to improve physical fitness, results of previous studies are inconsistent, and most studies were from Western countries.ObjectivesWe investigated associations of body composition and modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical activity, screen time, diet and sleep duration with physical fitness in Japanese primary school children.Methods2308 children (age 10–12 years old) in 12 primary schools were analysed in this cross‐sectional study. Physical fitness was evaluated by sports battery tests conducted routinely and annually at schools. The total score of sports battery tests, 20‐m shuttle run (laps) and grip strength (kg) were selected as outcomes. Information about lifestyle factors was collected by two questionnaires. Associations between lifestyle factors and physical fitness were assessed by multivariable linear mixed models by sex.ResultsFrequent exercise was related to better overall physical fitness. Regarding the 20‐m shuttle run, many unfavourable lifestyle factors such as higher BMI in boys (β −7.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] −8.39, −6.35) and girls (β −3.54, 95% CI −4.50, −2.58), longer screen time (β −4.31, 95% CI −7.29, −1.34) in boys and girls (β −5.65, 95% CI −9.01, −2.30); shortest (reference) versus longest, breakfast skipping in boys (β −5.24, 95% CI −8.71, −1.77) and girls (β −3.57, 95% CI −6.84, −0.30); consumers (reference) versus skippers were associated with worse performance. Better quality of diet was associated with better results in the 20‐m shuttle run only in girls (β 2.58, 95% CI 0.24, 4.93); lowest (reference) versus highest.ConclusionsFrequent exercise was related to better physical fitness. Higher BMI and unfavourable lifestyle factors such as longer screen time and breakfast skipping were associated with worse results of the 20‐m shuttle run.
Corporate Solidarity in Stalin’s USSR: Arrests and Release of NKVD Officers in the 1930s–1940s
Authors: Khlevniuk Oleg V. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurges and high‐profile political cases were constantly, though with varying degrees of intensity, brought down on Soviet functionaries in the 1920s–1950s. However, judging by the latest research, repressions did not completely stop the stabilization and formation of corporate cohesion within the nomenklatura, convincing signs of which already had appeared under Stalin. This trend, which in many ways determined the nature of the Soviet system’s development, is significant. However, its study requires considerable effort, including analyzing new sources reflecting the practices of the nomenklatura’s resistance to repressive pressure from above. This article addresses this problem through the prism of a well‐known phenomenon: the purges of NKVD officers, who themselves conducted mass repressions in 1937–38. Newly available archival documents make it possible to investigate several critical interrelated questions. First, what was the situation of convicted Chekists in the camps? Second, what were the mechanisms for the early release of former officers? Third, what were the subsequent trajectories of restoring the Chekists’ social status?
Taking Their Game to the Next Level: Why Members Support Party Digitalization
Authors: Gherghina Sergiu , Marian Claudiu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe scholarship on party digitalization discusses why, how and with what consequences parties use digitalization. Such a detailed account of the supply side contrasts sharply with the limited information we have about the demand side. We know little about party members' support for digitalization. To address this gap in the literature, our article aims to explain what drives the support for digitalization within political parties. We use individual‐level data from an original survey conducted in March–April 2023 with 2,032 members of the second largest party in Romania. The statistical analysis tests the effects of two main categories of explanations: technology winners and reinforcement hypothesis. We find that those party members who are active and informed about party activities will support party digitalization. The results hold when controlling for technology experience and skills, length of membership, position in the party and age.
Comparing 3D imaging devices for the measurement of cutaneous neurofibromas in patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Lau Jonathan C. L. , Fleming Jane , Good Martin , Lim Adrian , Saunderson Rebecca B. , Phan Tai A. , Schlub Timothy , Siow Sue‐Faye , Lacson Nanette , Romo Carlos , Blakely Jaishri , Bergqvist Christina , Berman Yemima D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) are a major cause of disfigurement in patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). However, clinical trials investigating cNF treatments lack standardised outcome measures to objectively evaluate changes in cNF size and appearance. 3D imaging has been proposed as an objective standardised outcome measure however various systems exist with different features that affect useability in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy, precision, feasibility, reliability and accessibility of three imaging systems.Materials and methodsWe compared the Vectra‐H1, LifeViz‐Micro and Cherry‐Imaging systems. A total of 58 cNFs from 13 participants with NF1 were selected for imaging and analysis. The primary endpoint was accuracy as measured by comparison of measurements between imaging systems. Secondary endpoints included reliability between two operators, precision as measured with the average coefficient of variation, feasibility as determined by time to capture and analyse an image and accessibility as determined by cost.ResultsThere was no significant difference in accuracy between the three devices for length or surface area measurements (p > 0.05), and reliability and precision were similar. Volume measurements demonstrated the most variability compared to other measurements; LifeViz‐Micro demonstrated the least measurement variability for surface area and image capture and analysis were fastest with LifeViz‐Micro. LifeViz‐Micro was better for imaging smaller number of cNFs (1–3), Vectra‐H1 better for larger areas and Cherry for uneven surfaces.ConclusionsAll systems demonstrated excellent reliability but possess distinct advantages and limitations. Surface area is the most consistent and reliable parameter for measuring cNF size in clinical trials.
Polyphenol hydroxytyrosol present olive oil improves skin wound healing of diabetic mice
Authors: Duarte Matheus Silva , Fuhro Victor Müller , de Souza Nogueira Jeane , Romana‐Souza Bruna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe imbalance in oxidant production and chronic inflammation are the main mechanisms that lead to the detrimental effects of diabetes on skin wound healing. Thus, administration of antioxidants could improve diabetic wound healing. This study aimed to understand the effects of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or hydroxytyrosol (HT) in skin wound healing under diabetic conditions. Skin wounds in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice were topically treated with HT. Some diabetic animals were fed with a diet rich in EVOO. Wounds were harvested 7 days later. In in vitro assays, fibroblasts and macrophages were treated with high levels of glucose and HT. The EVOO or HT promoted wound closure and collagen deposition in diabetic mouse wounds. The EVOO or HT reduced the number of infiltrated neutrophils, tumour necrosis factor‐α, lipid peroxidation, and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 in diabetic mouse wounds. The EVOO or HT also increased the number of macrophages with anti‐inflammatory phenotype and interleukin‐10 in diabetic mouse wounds. In the in vitro assays, HT promoted the fibroblast migration, collagen gel contraction, and switched macrophages to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype under high glucose conditions. In conclusion, the diet supplementation with EVOO or topical application of HT promotes skin wound healing under diabetic conditions and can be a possible therapeutic tool for the treatment of those lesions.
Pacing Demands in Competitive Nordic Skiing
Authors: Losnegard Thomas , Kocbach Jan , Sandbakk Øyvind 
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose: Cross-country skiing, biathlon, and Nordic combined are Winter Olympics sports that involve cross-country skiing in undulating terrain, characterized by various subtechniques and repeated intensity fluctuations. The stochastic interval profile of these sports necessitates the continuous regulation of work and energy expenditure throughout training sessions and competitions, a concept known as pacing. With the advent of technological advancements that allow for the measurement of these features during training and competitions, scientific studies have broadened our understanding of the associated racing and pacing demands. We provide the current scientific overview of pacing demands in competitive cross-country skiing, biathlon, and Nordic combined and propose guidelines for how performance can be enhanced by adjusting pacing behavior. Conclusions and Practical Applications: The study of pacing in skiing has evolved from basic lap-to-lap, or segment, analyses to detailed insights into micropacing strategies. This includes analysis of speed, internal and external power, subtechnique distribution, and associated temporal patterns, combined with subjective ratings of effort. While several objective tools such as heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and speed measurements are widely used in practice, current understanding suggests that these measures should supplement, rather than replace, the use of perceived effort (eg, rating of perceived exertion) to regulate intensity during training and competition in undulating terrain. Therefore, the ability to self-regulate effort appears to be an important performance characteristic and should be developed in adolescents and systematically used to optimize and evaluate the training process and race performance throughout athletes’ careers.
Pathogenicity, phylogenomic, and comparative genomic study of
Pseudomonas syringae
sensu lato affecting sweet cherry in California
Authors: Maguvu Tawanda E. , Frias Rosa J. , Hernandez-Rosas Alejandro I. , Shipley Erin , Dardani Greta , Nouri Mohamed T. , Yaghmour Mohammad A. , Trouillas Florent P. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

To gain insights into the diversity of
Pseudomonas syringae
sensu lato affecting sweet cherry in California, we sequenced and analyzed the phylogenomic and genomic architecture of 86 fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic cherry tissues. Fifty-eight isolates were phylogenetically placed within the
P. syringae
species complex and taxonomically classified into five genomospecies:
P. syringae
pv.
syringae
,
P. syringae
,
Pseudomonas cerasi
,
Pseudomonas viridiflava
, and
A
. We annotated components of the type III secretion system and phytotoxin-encoding genes and correlated the data with pathogenicity phenotypes. Intact probable regulatory protein HrpR was annotated in the genomic sequences of all isolates of
P. syringae
pv.
syringae
,
P. syringae
,
P. cerasi
, and
A
. Isolates of
P. viridiflava
had atypical probable regulatory protein HrpR. Syringomycin and syringopeptin-encoding genes were annotated in isolates of all genomospecies except for
A
and
P. viridiflava
. All isolates of
P. syringae
pv.
syringae
caused cankers, leaf spots, and fruit lesions in the field. In contrast, all isolates of
P. syringae
and
P. cerasi
and some isolates of
P. viridiflava
caused only cankers. Isolates of genomospecies
A
could not cause any symptoms suggesting phytotoxins are essential for pathogenicity. On detached immature cherry fruit pathogenicity assays, isolates of all five genomospecies produced symptoms (black–dark brown lesions). However, symptoms of isolates of genomospecies
A
were significantly (
P
< 0.01) less severe than those of other genomospecies. We also mined for genes conferring resistance to copper and kasugamycin and correlated these data with
in vitro
antibiotic sensitivity tests.

IMPORTANCE

Comprehensive identification of phytopathogens and an in-depth understanding of their genomic architecture, particularly virulence determinants and antibiotic-resistant genes, are critical for several practical reasons. These include disease diagnosis, improved knowledge of disease epidemiology, pathogen diversity, and determination of the best possible management strategies. In this study, we provide the first report of the presence and pathogenicity of genomospecies
Pseudomonas cerasi
and
Pseudomonas viridiflava
in California sweet cherry. More importantly, we report a relatively high level of resistance to copper among the population of
Pseudomonas syringae
pv.
syringae
(47.5%). This implies copper cannot be effectively used to control bacterial blast and bacterial canker of sweet cherries. On the other hand, no isolates were resistant to kasugamycin, an indication that kasugamycin could be effectively used for the control of bacterial blast and bacterial canker. Our findings are important to improve the management of bacterial blast and bacterial canker of sweet cherries in California.