bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADMEProcesses in Vaccines andPK/PDApproaches for Vaccination Optimization
Authors: Gómez‐Mantilla José David , Trocóniz Iñaki F. , Garrido María J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn order to present the current knowledge on vaccine absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and vaccine modeling, this chapter briefly summarizes how vaccines are developed, what type of vaccines are available, and how much it is known about their mechanisms of action. It also summarizes the current knowledge on the impact of administration routes, dosing schedules, and formulation on vaccine ADME processes, focusing on the vaccine properties that can be altered without modifying the antigens (Ag). The chapter then describes the influence of biopharmaceutics properties on vaccine pharmacokinetic (PK) processes such as absorption and distribution. Mathematical models may be used to optimize vaccination in cancer treatment. There is an urgent need to perform studies based on PK, pharmacodynamics, and systems biology principles, to get the longitudinal information required, that once analyzed under the model‐based framework, can be linked to the biopharmaceutical characteristics of the vaccine formulation.
Drug Development Strategies for Therapeutic Biologics: Industry Perspectives
Authors: Yuraszeck Theresa , Gibbs Megan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThere are a variety of considerations unique to biologics development owing to the inherent differences in their properties and characteristics. These differences dictate different approaches to both preclinical and clinical development, and many of the studies conducted for small molecules are not necessary for biologics. This chapter discusses the properties that differentiate biologics from small molecules, and the impact they have on the preclinical and clinical development strategy for biologics. Species selection is an important factor for preclinical phamacokinetics, phamacodynamics, and toxicokinetic studies and can impact the fidelity with which the clinical efficacy and safety outcomes are predicted by the preclinical data. The clinical development of biologics typically takes more than 7 years, with an additional year required for regulatory review and approval. Comparability studies must be conducted to demonstrate that there are no clinically meaningful differences between the biosimilar and the innovator product.
Microwave‐assisted polymerization: Superabsorbent polymer with improved properties
Authors: Azad Michael M. , Sandros Marinella G. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTMicrowave‐assisted polymerization was used as a promising technique to synthesize superabsorbent polymers. A small amount of thermal initiator was used to initiate the reaction, and the polymer's properties were evaluated at acid levels of 31–50% and degrees of neutralization of 68–75 mol %. The polymers were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, and properties such as the capacity and absorbency under a load were measured in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. In addition, the extractable and residual acrylic acid contents were measured to determine the reaction's efficiency. In conclusion, the synthesis of the superabsorbent polymer via microwave heating reduced the time and cost of production and improved the physical properties of the polymer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43325.
Controlled release of protein from magnetite–chitosan nanoparticles exposed to an alternating magnetic field
Authors: Honarmand Dariush , Ghoreishi Seyyed M. , Habibi Neda , Nicknejad Ehsan Tayerani 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn this research, the controlled release of proteins from magnetite (Fe3O4)–chitosan (CS) nanoparticles exposed to an alternating magnetic field is reported. Fe3O4–CS nanoparticles were synthesized with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) molecules as a crosslinking reagent. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model protein, and its controlled release studied through the variation of the frequency of an alternating magnetic field. The results show the successful coating of CS and BSA on the Fe3O4 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 50 nm. Intermolecular interactions of TPP with CS and BSA were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The application of low‐frequency alternating magnetic fields to such magnetic CS nanoparticles enhanced the protein release properties, in which the external magnetic fields could switch on the unloading of these nanoparticles. We concluded that enhanced BSA release from nanoparticles exposed to an alternating magnetic field is a promising method for achieving both the targeted delivery and controlled release of proteins. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43335.
Cone Penetration Testing: A Sound Method for Urban Archaeological Prospection
Authors: Koster Kay 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCone Penetration Testing (CPT) is a geotechnical in situ site investigation method and is widely applied in urbanized areas of the Netherlands. Approximately 20,000 CPTs are conducted in the Netherlands each year. The frequency of such testing, and the presence of archaeological deposits within the subsurface, results in a relatively high probability that archaeological deposits could be encountered during sounding. A significant amount of the results of these CPTs are freely available and are easily accessible in a national database. This combination of frequency and accessibility suggests that CPT could potentially be a very attractive tool for archaeological prospection. However, in practice, the integration of CPT in archaeology is poor. This is largely the result of the lack of a general overview of characteristics concerning the recognition of archaeological deposits in CPT data.This study explores the potential of CPTs for archaeological prospection in urbanized areas by characterizing archaeological deposits in CPT log data, with a special focus on the historical city centre of Amsterdam. In total, seven CPTs conducted at two archaeological sites in Amsterdam were analysed. A characterization based on the examined CPTs was subsequently used to identify archaeological deposits in 407 CPTs conducted in Amsterdam, deriving from the national database. This resulted in a map depicting the spatial distribution and thickness of archaeological deposits in the city centre of Amsterdam, solely based on CPTs. The map was validated using data from previously published archaeological reports. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental Upgrading of Developing Country Firms in Global Value Chains
Authors: Achabou Mohamed Akli , Dekhili Sihem , Hamdoun Mohamed 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWhile the strategic management literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) is abundant, it tends to consider the context of developed countries, with a focus on certain specific issues such as the strategic behaviour of firms with regard to sustainable development and the economic benefits of CSR practices. The present study examines the influence of western organizations on responsible corporate behaviour in developing countries, an issue that has been somewhat neglected in the existing academic literature. In particular, it explores the environmental upgrading of developing country firms in global value chains.This research, conducted with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, involves 24 Tunisian olive oil companies. The findings indicate that exporting companies have indeed benefited from environmental upgrading, but, because of the cooperation strategy adopted by leading western firms (imposition of standards) and the absence of financial and technical assistance, the extent of environmental upgrading remains limited. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A retrospective analysis of treatment‐related hospitalization costs of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kaul Sapna , Korgenski Ernest Kent , Ying Jian , Ng Christi F. , Smits‐Seemann Rochelle R. , Nelson Richard E. , Andrews Seth , Raetz Elizabeth , Fluchel Mark , Lemons Richard , Kirchhoff Anne C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis retrospective study examined the longitudinal hospital outcomes (costs adjusted for inflation, hospital days, and admissions) associated with the treatment of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Patients between one and 26 years of age with newly diagnosed ALL, who were treated at Primary Children's Hospital (PCH) in Salt Lake City, Utah were included. Treatment and hospitalization data were retrieved from system‐wide cancer registry and enterprise data warehouse. PCH is a member of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) and patients were treated on, or according to, active COG protocols. Treatment‐related hospital costs of ALL were examined by computing the average annual growth rates (AAGR). Longitudinal regressions identified patient characteristics associated with costs. A total of 505 patients (46.9% female) were included. The majority of patients had B‐cell lineage ALL, 6.7% had T‐ALL, and the median age at diagnosis was 4 years. Per‐patient, first‐year ALL hospitalization costs at PCH rose from $24,197 in 1998 to $37,924 in 2012. The AAGRs were 6.1, 13.0, and 7.6% for total, pharmacy, and room and care costs, respectively. Average days (AAGR = 5.2%) and admissions (AAGR = 3.8%) also demonstrated an increasing trend. High‐risk patients had 47% higher costs per 6‐month period in the first 5 years from diagnosis than standard‐risk patients (P < 0.001). Similarly, relapsed ALL and stem cell transplantations were associated with significantly higher costs than nonrelapsed and no transplantations, respectively (P < 0.001). Increasing treatment‐related costs of ALL demonstrate an area for further investigation. Value‐based interventions such as identifying low‐risk fever and neutropenia patients and managing them in outpatient settings should be evaluated for reducing the hospital burden of ALL.
Postremission sequential monitoring of minimal residual disease by WT1 Q‐PCR and multiparametric flow cytometry assessment predicts relapse and may help to address risk‐adapted therapy in acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Malagola Michele , Skert Cristina , Borlenghi Erika , Chiarini Marco , Cattaneo Chiara , Morello Enrico , Cancelli Valeria , Cattina Federica , Cerqui Elisa , Pagani Chiara , Passi Angela , Ribolla Rossella , Bernardi Simona , Giustini Viviana , Lamorgese Cinzia , Ruggeri Giuseppina , Imberti Luisa , Caimi Luigi , Russo Domenico , Rossi Giuseppe 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRisk stratification in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients using prognostic parameters at diagnosis is effective, but may be significantly improved by the use of on treatment parameters which better define the actual sensitivity to therapy in the single patient. Minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring has been demonstrated crucial for the identification of AML patients at high risk of relapse, but the best method and timing of MRD detection are still discussed. Thus, we retrospectively analyzed 104 newly diagnosed AML patients, consecutively treated and monitored by quantitative polymerase chain reactions (Q‐PCR) on WT1 and by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) on leukemia‐associated immunophenotypes (LAIPs) at baseline, after induction, after 1st consolidation and after 1st intensification. By multivariate analysis, the factors independently associated with adverse relapse‐free survival (RFS) were: bone marrow (BM)‐WT1 ≥ 121/104 ABL copies (P = 0.02) and LAIP ≥ 0.2% (P = 0.0001) (after 1st consolidation) (RFS at the median follow up of 12.5 months: 51% vs. 82% [P < 0.0001] and 57% vs. 81%, respectively [P = 0.0003]) and PB‐WT1 ≥ 16/104 ABL copies (P = 0.0001) (after 1st intensification) (RFS 43% vs. 95% [P < 0.0001]) Our data confirm the benefits of sequential MRD monitoring with both Q‐PCR and MFC. If confirmed by further prospective trials, they may significantly improve the possibility of a risk‐adapted, postinduction therapy of AML.
Two decades of external peer review of cancer care in general hospitals; the Dutch experience
Authors: Kilsdonk Melvin J. , Siesling Sabine , Otter Rene , van Harten Wim H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractExternal peer review was introduced in general hospitals in the Netherlands in 1994 to assess and improve the multidisciplinary team approach in cancer care. This paper aims to explore the value, perceived impact, and (future) role of external peer review in cancer care. Semistructured interviews were held with clinicians, oncology nurses, and managers from fifteen general hospitals that participated in three rounds of peer review over a period of 16 years. Interviewees reflected on the goals and expectations, experiences, perceived impact, and future role of external peer review. Transcriptions of the interviews were coded to discover recurrent themes. Improving clinical care and organization were the main motives for participation. Positive impact was perceived on multiple aspects of care such as shared responsibilities, internal prioritization of cancer care, improved communication, and a clear structure and position of cancer care within general hospitals. Establishing a direct relationship between the external peer review and organizational or clinical impact proved to be difficult. Criticism was raised on the content of the program being too theoretical and organization‐focussed after three rounds. According to most stakeholders, external peer review can improve multidisciplinary team work in cancer care; however, the acceptance is threatened by a perceived disbalance between effort and visible clinical impact. Leaner and more clinically focused programs are needed to keep repeated peer reviews challenging and worthwhile.
Chemical Genetic Approaches for the Investigation of Neutral Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Doler Carina , Schweiger Martina , Zimmermann Robert , Breinbauer Rolf 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe coordinated processes of lipid synthesis, degradation, and transport are mediated by enzymes, cofactors, and transport proteins. Accordingly, lipid‐metabolizing enzymes represent logical targets for the treatment of dyslipidemia, a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and other disorders. Small‐molecule tool compounds, modulating the functions of such proteins, can substantially facilitate the characterization of target proteins. Such molecules complement genetic studies, and allow time‐ and dose‐dependent control of protein activity in biological systems. This can improve our understanding of physiological processes, give insights into the druggability of target proteins, and might finally result in the development of therapeutic compounds. In this review we summarize the current state of available inhibitors targeting key proteins in neutral lipid metabolism, with a focus on metabolic lipases, acyltransferases, and fatty‐acid‐binding proteins.
Autoxidation/Aldol Tandem Reaction of 2‐Oxindoles with Ketones: A Green Approach for the Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐Oxindoles
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Bao , Jia Wen‐Liang , Ban Yong‐Liang , Zheng Yong , Liu Qiang , Wu Li‐Zhu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride and molecular sieves (MS) 4 Å in DMF, an efficient autoxidation reaction of 2‐oxindoles with ketones under air at room temperature has been developed. This approach may provide a green, practical, and metal‐free protocol for a wide range of biologically important 3‐hydroxy‐3‐(2‐oxo‐alkyl)‐2‐oxindoles.
New RuII Complex for Dual Activity: Photoinduced Ligand Release and 1O2 Production
Authors: Loftus Lauren M. , White Jessica K. , Albani Bryan A. , Kohler Lars , Kodanko Jeremy J. , Thummel Randolph P. , Dunbar Kim R. , Turro Claudia 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe new complex [Ru(pydppn)(biq)(py)]2+ (1) undergoes both py photodissociation in CH3CN with Φ500=0.0070(4) and 1O2 production with ΦΔ=0.75(7) in CH3OH from a long‐lived 3ππ* state centered on the pydppn ligand (pydppn=3‐(pyrid‐2‐yl)benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine; biq = 2,2′‐biquinoline; py=pyridine). This represents an order of magnitude decrease in the Φ500 compared to the previously reported model compound [Ru(tpy)(biq)(py)]2+ (3) (tpy=2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine) that undergoes only ligand exchange. The effect on the quantum yields by the addition of a second deactivation pathway through the low‐lying 3ππ* state necessary for dual reactivity was investigated using ultrafast and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, revealing a significantly shorter 3MLCT lifetime in 1 relative to that of the model complex 3. Due to the structural similarities between the two compounds, the lower values of Φ500 and ΦΔ compared to that of [Ru(pydppn)(bpy)(py)]2+ (2) (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) are attributed to a competitive excited state population between the 3LF states involved in ligand dissociation and the long‐lived 3ππ* state in 1. Complex 1 represents a model compound for dual activity that may be applied to photochemotherapy.
Evolutionary origin of Tbr2‐expressing precursor cells and the subventricular zone in the developing cortex
Authors: Martínez‐Cerdeño Verónica , Cunningham Christopher L. , Camacho Jasmin , Keiter Janet A. , Ariza Jeanelle , Lovern Matthew , Noctor Stephen C. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe subventricular zone (SVZ) is greatly expanded in primates with gyrencephalic cortices and is thought to be absent from vertebrates with three‐layered, lissencephalic cortices, such as the turtle. Recent work in rodents has shown that Tbr2‐expressing neural precursor cells in the SVZ produce excitatory neurons for each cortical layer in the neocortex. Many excitatory neurons are generated through a two‐step process in which Pax6‐expressing radial glial cells divide in the VZ to produce Tbr2‐expressing intermediate progenitor cells, which divide in the SVZ to produce cortical neurons. We investigated the evolutionary origin of SVZ neural precursor cells in the prenatal cerebral cortex by testing for the presence and distribution of Tbr2‐expressing cells in the prenatal cortex of reptilian and avian species. We found that mitotic Tbr2+ cells are present in the prenatal cortex of lizard, turtle, chicken, and dove. Furthermore, Tbr2+ cells are organized into a distinct SVZ in the dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) of turtle forebrain and in the cortices of chicken and dove. Our results are consistent with the concept that Tbr2+ neural precursor cells were present in the common ancestor of mammals and reptiles. Our data also suggest that the organizing principle guiding the assembly of Tbr2+ cells into an anatomically distinct SVZ, both developmentally and evolutionarily, may be shared across vertebrates. Finally, our results indicate that Tbr2 expression can be used to test for the presence of a distinct SVZ and to define the boundaries of the SVZ in developing cortices. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:433–447, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Phosphine Oxide Functional Group Based [2]Rotaxane That Operates as a Multistable Molecular Shuttle
Authors: Cheng Ming , Liu Li , Cao Yihan , Jiang Juli , Wang Leyong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA switchable [2]rotaxane based on a pyridinediamide crown ether macrocycle and a thread bearing phosphine oxide, urea, and dibenzylammonium functional groups was successfully developed and characterized by 1H NMR and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal analysis. The three recognition sites in the [2]rotaxane were sorted from strong to weak, according to their bonding abilities, so that the macrocycle could move along the thread from one side to the other in a directional way, operating as a multistable molecular shuttle.
Sustainability Innovation at the Base of the Pyramid through Multi‐Sited Rapid Ethnography
Authors: Halme Minna , Kourula Arno , Lindeman Sara , Kallio Galina , Lima‐Toivanen Maria , Korsunova Angelina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe past decade has seen a proliferation of suggestions for market‐based solutions to global poverty. While research emphasises that sustainability innovation aimed at poverty alleviation must be grounded in user needs, few studies demonstrate how to study the poor for purposes of early phase innovation in business enterprises, especially in multiple locations comparatively. This study suggests that the necessary understanding of low‐income users and their practices can be gained throughmulti‐sited rapid ethnography. We exemplify how the process moves from an understanding of the needs of the poor towards innovation and offer a general framework for evaluating the success of these types of projects. The paper describes the challenges and solutions found in a multi‐sited rapid ethnography research in urban base of the pyramid (BOP) contexts in Brazil, India, Russia, and Tanzania. It suggests businesses can learn about the poor with the help of this method and conduct sustainability innovation on the basis of the needs of the poor, rather than start with existing products. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
European Climate Change Perceptions: Public support for mitigation and adaptation policies
Authors: Hagen Bjoern , Middel Ariane , Pijawka David 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper presents results from a large multi‐country study focusing on public perceptions of climate change and relevant mitigation and adaptation policies in Spain, Netherlands, UK and Germany. The purpose of this paper is two‐fold: first, to understand the nature of public perceptions of global climate change in different countries; and secondly, to gauge the public's support of climate change measures in terms of mitigation and adaptation policies. Our analysis shows high levels of public indecisiveness regarding the danger climate change poses, which source of climate change information to trust and whether to support any mitigation or adaptation strategies. The high levels of uncertainty present an opportunity to increase policy support and foster behavioural changes in the future through well‐designed communication programmes. Therefore, this study has identified several aspects that need to be considered in future communication programmes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
External‐beam radiotherapy for differentiated thyroid cancer locoregional control: A statement of the American Head and Neck Society
Authors: Kiess Ana P. , Agrawal Nishant , Brierley James D. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Ferris Robert L. , Genden Eric , Wong Richard J. , Tuttle R. Michael , Lee Nancy Y. , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe use of external‐beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is debated because of a lack of prospective clinical data, but recent retrospective studies have reported benefits in selected patients. The Endocrine Surgery Committee of the American Head and Neck Society provides 4 recommendations regarding EBRT for locoregional control in DTC, based on review of literature and expert opinion of the authors. (1) EBRT is recommended for patients with gross residual or unresectable locoregional disease, except for patients <45 years old with limited gross disease that is radioactive iodine (RAI)‐avid. (2) EBRT should not be routinely used as adjuvant therapy after complete resection of gross disease. (3) After complete resection, EBRT may be considered in select patients >45 years old with high likelihood of microscopic residual disease and low likelihood of responding to RAI. (4) Cervical lymph node involvement alone should not be an indication for adjuvant EBRT. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 493–498, 2016