bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Decision Forest Models for Prediction of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Humans Using A Large Set of FDA-approved Drugs
Authors: Hong Huixiao , Thakkar Shraddha , Chen Minjun , Tong Weida 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDrug-induced liver injury (DILI) presents a significant challenge to drug development and regulatory science. The FDA’s Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base (LTKB) evaluated >1000 drugs for their likelihood of causing DILI in humans, of which >700 drugs were classified into three categories (most-DILI, less-DILI, and no-DILI). Based on this dataset, we developed and compared 2-class and 3-class DILI prediction models using the machine learning algorithm of Decision Forest (DF) with Mold2 structural descriptors. The models were evaluated through 1000 iterations of 5-fold cross-validations, 1000 bootstrapping validations and 1000 permutation tests (that assessed the chance correlation). Furthermore, prediction confidence analysis was conducted, which provides an additional parameter for proper interpretation of prediction results. We revealed that the 3-class model not only had a higher resolution to estimate DILI risk but also showed an improved capability to differentiate most-DILI drugs from no-DILI drugs in comparison with the 2-class DILI model. We demonstrated the utility of the models for drug ingredients with warnings very recently issued by the FDA. Moreover, we identified informative molecular features important for assessing DILI risk. Our results suggested that the 3-class model presents a better option than the binary model (which most publications are focused on) for drug safety evaluation.
Near-Infrared Plasmonic Assemblies of Gold Nanoparticles with Multimodal Function for Targeted Cancer Theragnosis
Authors: Kim Seong-Eun , Lee Bo-Ram , Lee Hohyeon , Jo Sung Duk , Kim Hyuncheol , Won You-Yeon , Lee Jeewon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHere we report a novel assembly structure of near-infrared plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), possessing both photoacoustic (PA) and photothermal (PT) properties. The template for the plasmonic AuNP assembly is a bioconjugate between short double-strand DNA (sh-dsDNA) and human methyl binding domain protein 1 (MBD1). MBD1 binds to methylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (mCGs) within the sequence of sh-dsDNA. Hexahistidine peptides on the engineered MBD1 function as a nucleation site for AuNP synthesis, allowing the construction of hybrid conjugates, sh-dsDNA-MBD1-AuNPs (named DMAs). By varying the length of sh-dsDNA backbone and the spacer between two adjacent mCGs, we synthesized three different DMAs (DMA_5mCG, DMA_9mCG, and DMA_21mCG), among which DMA_21mCG exhibited a comparable photothermal and surprisingly a higher photoacoustic signals, compared to a plasmonic gold nanorod. Further, epidermal growth factor receptor I (EGFR)-binding peptides are genetically attached to the MBD1 of DMA_21mCG, enabling its efficient endocytosis into EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells. Notably, the denaturation of MBD1 disassembled the DMA and accordingly released the individual small AuNPs (<5 nm) that can be easily cleared from the body through renal excretion without causing accumulation/toxicity problems. This DMA-based novel approach offers a promising platform for targeted cancer theragnosis based on simultaneous PA imaging and PT therapy.
Pairing sound with vagus nerve stimulation modulates cortical synchrony and phase coherence in tinnitus: An exploratory retrospective study
Authors: Vanneste Sven , Martin Jeffrey , Rennaker Robert L. , Kilgard Michael P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecent research has shown that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with tones or with rehabilitative training can help patients to achieve reductions in tinnitus perception or to expedite motor rehabilitation after suffering an ischemic stroke. The rationale behind this treatment is that VNS paired with experience can drive neural plasticity in a controlled and therapeutic direction. Since previous studies observed that gamma activity in the auditory cortex is correlated with tinnitus loudness, we assessed resting-state source-localized EEG before and after one to three months of VNS-tone pairing in chronic tinnitus patients. VNS-tone pairing reduced gamma band activity in left auditory cortex. VNS-tone pairing also reduced the phase coherence between the auditory cortex and areas associated with tinnitus distress, including the cingulate cortex. These results support the hypothesis that VNS-tone pairing can direct therapeutic neural plasticity. Targeted plasticity therapy might also be adapted to treat other conditions characterized by hypersynchronous neural activity.
Long-term monitoring of coral reef fish assemblages in the Western central pacific
Authors: Heenan Adel , Williams Ivor D. , Acoba Tomoko , DesRochers Annette , Kosaki Randall K. , Kanemura Troy , Nadon Marc O. , Brainard Russell E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThroughout the tropics, coral reef ecosystems, which are critically important to people, have been greatly altered by humans. Differentiating human impacts from natural drivers of ecosystem state is essential to effective management. Here we present a dataset from a large-scale monitoring program that surveys coral reef fish assemblages and habitats encompassing the bulk of the US-affiliated tropical Pacific, and spanning wide gradients in both natural drivers and human impact. Currently, this includes >5,500 surveys from 39 islands and atolls in Hawaii (including the main and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands) and affiliated geo-political regions of American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the Pacific Remote Islands Areas. The dataset spans 2010–2017, during which time, each region was visited at least every three years, and ~500–1,000 surveys performed annually. This standardised dataset is a powerful resource that can be used to understand how human, environmental and oceanographic conditions influence coral reef fish community structure and function, providing a basis for research to support effective management outcomes.
Factors Associated With Depression in Patients With Tinnitus and Hyperacusis
Authors: Aazh Hashir , Moore Brian C. J. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with depression for patients with tinnitus and hyperacusis.

Method
Data were gathered from the records of 620 consecutive patients who sought help concerning their tinnitus or hyperacusis from an audiology clinic in the United Kingdom.

Results
One third of the patients had borderline abnormal or abnormal scores on the Depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). Linear regression models showed that HADS-D scores were related to scores for tinnitus handicap, tinnitus loudness, and uncomfortable loudness levels. Mediation analyses showed that (a) the influence of tinnitus handicap scores on HADS-D scores was mainly mediated via the effects of insomnia, hyperacusis, and anxiety; (b) the influence of tinnitus loudness scores on HADS-D scores was fully mediated via the effects of tinnitus handicap, insomnia, hyperacusis handicap, and anxiety; (c) and the small influence of uncomfortable loudness levels on HADS-D scores was fully mediated by hyperacusis handicap and anxiety.

Conclusion
Those involved in the management of patients with tinnitus and/or hyperacusis should use a wide range of instruments to assess the full impact of tinnitus on a patient's life and should be prepared to refer a patient for treatment for depression, especially when the patient has anxiety, hyperacusis, and/or insomnia.
The First Step to Early Intervention Following Diagnosis: Communication in Pediatric Hearing Aid Orientation Sessions
Authors: Watermeyer Jennifer , Kanji Amisha , Sarvan Safiyyah 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This preliminary study aimed to explore communication processes and information exchange in pediatric hearing aid orientation (HAO) sessions. Effective information exchange in such sessions is crucial to support appropriate hearing aid use.

Method
Using a qualitative sociolinguistic framework, we recorded and analyzed 5 HAO sessions between 2 audiologists and 5 caregivers of children who had just been fitted with hearing aids. We also conducted semistructured interviews with the audiologists and caregivers and analyzed these using content analysis.

Results
By necessity, audiologists provide a significant amount of information about hearing aids to caregivers in HAO sessions. Although caregivers in our study recalled and understood certain points such as the importance of not getting the hearing aids wet, crucial information about insertion and cleaning was often not recalled. Some caregivers misunderstood how the hearing aids would assist their child.

Conclusions
Caregivers need time to practice and absorb the information given, particularly given the emotional aspects associated with the diagnosis and “switch-on.” There is a need to revisit approaches to information giving, which align with the ongoing early intervention process. We offer some suggestions for improving HAO sessions and information giving about hearing aids.
Sentence-Level Movements in Parkinson's Disease: Loud, Clear, and Slow Speech
Authors: Kearney Elaine , Giles Renuka , Haworth Brandon , Faloutsos Petros , Baljko Melanie , Yunusova Yana 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
To further understand the effect of Parkinson's disease (PD) on articulatory movements in speech and to expand our knowledge of therapeutic treatment strategies, this study examined movements of the jaw, tongue blade, and tongue dorsum during sentence production with respect to speech intelligibility and compared the effect of varying speaking styles on these articulatory movements.

Method
Twenty-one speakers with PD and 20 healthy controls produced 3 sentences under normal, loud, clear, and slow speaking conditions. Speech intelligibility was rated for each speaker. A 3-dimensional electromagnetic articulograph tracked movements of the articulators. Measures included articulatory working spaces, ranges along the first principal component, average speeds, and sentence durations.

Results
Speakers with PD demonstrated significantly smaller jaw movements as well as shorter than normal sentence durations. Between-speaker variation in movement size of the jaw, tongue blade, and tongue dorsum was associated with speech intelligibility. Analysis of speaking conditions revealed similar patterns of change in movement measures across groups and articulators: larger than normal movement sizes and faster speeds for loud speech, increased movement sizes for clear speech, and larger than normal movement sizes and slower speeds for slow speech.

Conclusions
Sentence-level measures of articulatory movements are sensitive to both disease-related changes in PD and speaking-style manipulations.
PAM‐4 VCSEL driver with selective falling‐edge pre‐emphasis
Authors: Soenen W. , Lambrecht J. , Yin X. , Spiga S. , Amann M.‐C. , Van Steenberge G. , Bakopoulos P. , Bauwelinck J. 
Published: December 2017

Data centre optical links are migrating to four‐level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM‐4) as a method to extend the data rate while covering longer distances. Vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) enable the integration of low‐power transmitters, but their non‐linear and bias‐dependent behaviour makes conventional feed‐forward equalisation less effective. This Letter presents a SiGe BiCMOS PAM‐4 driver that boosts the falling‐edge to the bottom level through a selective pre‐emphasis technique. Experiments at 25 GBd (50 Gb/s) reveal that adding selective pre‐emphasis to a 4‐tap equalised current driving a 20.6 GHz VCSEL, relaxes the critical PAM‐4 link budget requirements by >1 dB at the KP4 forward error correction threshold of . The potential of PAM‐4 VCSEL transmitters can be significantly enhanced by including selective pre‐emphasis to the equalisation topology while requiring minimal overhead.
Simple wideband FPD with sharp passband selectivity and nice UWB isolation
Authors: Zhang Gang , Yang Jiquan , Zhao Yang 
Published: December 2017

A simple wideband filtering‐response power divider (FPD) with sharp passband selectivity and good UWB isolation is presented. By ingeniously integrating multimode resonators and stub attached coupled‐line isolation network, the FPD is initially built. Compared to those in the literatures, the presented wideband FPD features its simple structure and good wideband performance. For demonstration, a prototype FPD with a central frequency of 2.46 GHz and 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 22.8% is implemented. Final results indicate that this FPD possesses not only sharp frequency selectivity and wide stopband attributing to six created transmission zeros, but also an isolation better than 16 dB over an UW isolated frequency band (from DC to 2.67f0).
Ultraviolet differential spectroscopy quantitative analysis of SF6 decomposition component SO2
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxing , Xiao Hanyan , Li Xin , Zhang Jun 
Published: December 2017

SO2 is a symbolic gas that can indicate the insulation status of SF6 insulation electrical equipment. Its accurate quantitative measurement is of the great significance for the judgement of the type and severity of faults inside the insulation equipment. For this reason, a detection system of trace SO2 based on ultraviolet (UV) spectrometry was presented. The measured UV absorption spectra of SO2 were processed using the wavelet analysis to remove useless spectra information and get the UV differential absorption spectra of SO2. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) was used to analyse UV differential spectra in the band of 190–230 and 290–310 nm and extract the feature information. The results show that there is a good linear relationship between the FFT characteristic peak value and the concentration of trace SO2 in the two wave bands. The detection limit in the band of 190–230 nm was even lower than that in the band of 290–310 nm. Besides, the differential absorption cross section of SO2 decreases with the increase of temperature. The study has laid a foundation for the application of the UV differential absorption spectroscopy in the online monitoring and fault diagnosis of SF6 insulation electrical equipment.
New massive members of Cygnus OB2
Authors: Berlanas S. R. , Herrero A. , Comerón F. , Pasquali A. , Bertelli Motta C. , Sota A. 
Published: December 2017

Context.The Cygnus complex is one of the most powerful star forming regions at a close distance from the Sun (~1.4 kpc). Its richest OB association Cygnus OB2 is known to harbor many tens of O-type stars and hundreds of B-type stars, providing a large homogeneous population of OB stars that can be analyzed. Many studies of its massive population have been developed in the last decades, although the total number of OB stars is still incomplete.Aim.Our aim is to increase the sample of O and B members of Cygnus OB2 and its surroundings by spectroscopically classifying 61 candidates as possible OB-type members of Cygnus OB2, using new intermediate resolution spectroscopy.Methods.We have obtained intermediate resolution (R ~ 5000) spectra for all of the OB-type candidates between 2013 and 2017. We thus performed a spectral classification of the sample using HeI-II and metal lines rates, as well as the Marxist Ghost Buster (MGB) software for O-type stars and the IACOB standards catalog for B-type stars.Results.From the whole sample of 61 candidates, we have classified 42 stars as new massive OB-type stars, earlier than B3, in Cygnus OB2 and surroundings, including 11 O-type stars. The other candidates are discarded as they display later spectral types inconsistent with membership in the association. We have also obtained visual extinctions for all the new confirmed massive OB members, placing them in a Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram using calibrations forTeffand luminosity. Finally, we have studied the age and extinction distribution of our sample within the region.Conclusions.We have obtained new blue intermediate-resolution spectra suitable for spectral classification of 61 OB candidates in Cygnus OB2 and surroundings. The confirmation of 42 new OB massive stars (earlier than B3) in the region allows us to increase the young massive population known in the field. We have also confirmed the correlation between age and Galactic longitude previously found in the region. We conclude that many O and early B stars atB> 16 mag are still undiscovered in Cygnus.
Imaging for Epilepsy Surgery
Authors: Cosgrove G. , Chavakula Vamsidhar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSuccessful epilepsy surgery requires accurate localization of the zone of seizure onset and its complete removal without causing any permanent neurological deficits. While clinical semiology, ictal EEG recordings, and neuropsychological testing are all useful in defining the seizure focus, advanced neuroimaging has emerged as the most important localizing tool. Structural and metabolic imaging can now identify subtle cortical abnormalities that if consistent with other presurgical evaluation investigations, can improve surgical outcomes. Functional imaging can also be helpful in defining eloquent cortex and its relationship to planned surgical resection sites to reduce the risk of neurological impairment. This article explores several advanced neuroimaging techniques and their role in the surgical treatment of epilepsy.
Neuroimaging of Brain Tumors: Pseudoprogression, Pseudoresponse, and Delayed Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiation
Authors: Winter Sebastian , Klein Joshua , Dietrich Jörg 
Published: December 2017

AbstractManagement of patients with brain cancer critically depends on an accurate interpretation of imaging findings that will guide treatment decisions. Treatment with chemotherapy and radiation can affect the imaging characteristics of a tumor and therefore cause misinterpretation of treatment response. Specifically, radiotherapy or chemotherapy may result in distinctive imaging abnormalities that can be challenging to differentiate from tumor itself. Moreover, cancer therapy can be associated with unique adverse effects on the brain, which need to be appropriately recognized by the treating physician to guide patient management. Specific imaging findings, such as radiation-induced tissue necrosis, leukoencephalopathy, pseudoprogression, and pseudoresponse represent treatment-related phenomena that can complicate interpretation of imaging studies and clinical decision making. The aim of this review is to describe these phenomena and improve clinician familiarity as to how these appear on structural (MRI) and functional (perfusion, spectroscopy, PET) imaging studies.
Neuroimaging in Dementia
Authors: Staffaroni Adam , Elahi Fanny , McDermott Dana , Marton Kacey , Karageorgiou Elissaios , Sacco Simone , Paoletti Matteo , Caverzasi Eduardo , Hess Christopher , Rosen Howard , Geschwind Michael 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough the diagnosis of dementia still is primarily based on clinical criteria, neuroimaging is playing an increasingly important role. This is in large part due to advances in techniques that can assist with discriminating between different syndromes. Magnetic resonance imaging remains at the core of differential diagnosis, with specific patterns of cortical and subcortical changes having diagnostic significance. Recent developments in molecular PET imaging techniques have opened the door for not only antemortem but early, even preclinical, diagnosis of underlying pathology. This is vital, as treatment trials are underway for pharmacological agents with specific molecular targets, and numerous failed trials suggest that earlier treatment is needed. This article provides an overview of classic neuroimaging findings as well as new and cutting-edge research techniques that assist with clinical diagnosis of a range of dementia syndromes, with an emphasis on studies using pathologically proven cases.
Three lessons from evidence-based medicine and policy: increase transparency, balance inputs and understand power
Authors: Oliver Kathryn , Pearce Warren 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEvidence-based medicine is often described as the ‘template’ for evidence-based policymaking. EBM has evolved over the last 70 years, and now tends to be methodologically pluralistic, operates through specific structures to promote EBM, and is inclusive of a wide range of stakeholders. These strategies allow EBM practitioners to effectively draw on useful evidence, be transparent, and be inclusive; essentially, to share power. We identify three lessons EBP could learn from EBM. Firstly, to be more transparent about the processes and structures used to find and use evidence. Secondly, to consider how to balance evidence and other interests, and how to assemble the evidence jigsaw. Finally–and this is a lesson for EBM too–that understanding power is vital, and how it shapes how knowledge is produced and used. We suggest that advocates of evidence use, and commentators, should focus on thinking about how the type of problem faced by decision-makers should influence what evidence is produced, sought, and used.
Transverse fields to tune an Ising-nematic quantum phase transition
Authors: Maharaj Akash V. , Rosenberg Elliott W. , Hristov Alexander T. , Berg Erez , Fernandes Rafael M. , Fisher Ian R. , Kivelson Steven A. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Many interesting materials, including various high-temperature superconductors, exhibit a low-temperature “electron nematic” phase in which the electronic properties spontaneously break the rotational symmetry of the crystal. A nematic quantum critical point (QCP) marks the zero-temperature phase transition from a nematic ground state to a symmetric state as a function of a macroscopic nonthermal parameter. Here, we examine appropriate general means to tune Ising nematic systems to a QCP and in particular show that shear strain is a powerful tuning parameter. Moreover, we identify 4f ferroquadrupolar order as a realization of Ising nematic order and argue that it provides a promising platform for fundamental studies of metallic QCPs in the laboratory.
Black hole entropy in massive Type IIA
Authors: Benini Francesco , Khachatryan Hrachya , Milan Elisa 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We study the entropy of static dyonic BPS black holes in AdS4 in 4d

N

=
2

gauged supergravities with vector and hyper multiplets, and how the entropy can be reproduced with a microscopic counting of states in the AdS/CFT dual field theory. We focus on the particular example of BPS black holes in AdS

4

×

S
6

in massive Type IIA, whose dual three-dimensional boundary description is known and simple. To count the states in field theory we employ a supersymmetric topologically twisted index, which can be computed exactly with localization techniques. We find a perfect match at leading order.