bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of sol‐gel CuO‐ZnO‐Al2O3 catalysts in the methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production
Authors: Fornari Arielle Cristina , Menechini Neto Raphael , Lenzi Giane Gonçalves , dos Santos Onélia Aparecida Andreo , de Matos Jorge Luiz Mario 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this work five CuO‐ZnO‐Al2O3 catalysts were synthesized using the sol‐gel method, with different Cu percentages, for use in the methanol steam reforming reaction, at 300 °C, aiming to generate hydrogen for PEM (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane) fuel cells. The specific area and total pore volume of the materials decreased with increasing Cu content and consequently reduced the alumina content. Also, the area decreased with increasing the calcination temperature, due to the sintering and coalescence of Cu crystals. The metal dispersion decreased (from 32 to 4 %) with increasing the Cu amount (from 8.9 to 48.4 %). For this reaction, the catalyst with the second highest Cu concentration (40.6 %) was the most active and had the higher Cu area (34.8 m2Cu/gcat). Meanwhile, the catalyst with the lowest Cu content (8.9 %) had its active sites better used, presenting the highest turnover frequency, specific area, and metal dispersion. The experimental results indicated that there was an optimum composition for the catalyst, which would provide the best area and dispersion for the reaction, with a view to industrial application. This composition was statistically calculated to be 33 % (g/g) of Cu.
Distribution of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) receptor binding in the mouse brain using a new, high‐affinity radioligand, [125I]‐PD‐Sauvagine
Authors: Tan Laura A. , Vaughan Joan M. , Perrin Marilyn H. , Rivier Jean E. , Sawchenko Paul E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides includes CRF and three urocortins, which signal through two distinct G‐protein coupled receptors, CRF1 and CRF2. Although the cellular distribution of CRF receptor expression has been well characterized at the mRNA level, the localization of receptor protein, and, by inference, of functional receptors, has been limited by a lack of reliable immunohistochemical evidence. Recently, a CRF‐related peptide, termed PD‐sauvagine, was isolated from the skin of the frog, Pachymedusa dacnicolor, and validated as a high‐affinity ligand for CRF receptor studies. A radiolabeled analog, [125I]‐PD‐sauvagine, with high signal‐to‐noise ratio, was used in autoradiographic studies to map the distribution of CRF receptor binding sites in the mouse brain. Through the use of receptor‐deficient mice and subtype‐specific antagonists, CRF1 and CRF2 binding sites were isolated, and found to be readily reconcilable with regional patterns of mRNA expression. Binding site distributions within a given structure sometimes differed from mRNA patterns, however, particularly in laminated structures of the isocortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, presumably reflecting the trafficking of receptors to their operational homes on neuronal (mostly dendritic) processes. Binding patterns of [125I]‐PD‐sauvagine provided independent assessments of controversial receptor localizations, failing to provide support for CRF1 expression in central autonomic components of the limbic forebrain, the locus coeruleus and cerebellar Purkinje cells, or for CRF2 in any aspect of the cerebellar cortex. Though lacking in ideal resolution, in vitro binding of the PD‐sauvagine radioligand currently provides the most sensitive and accurate available tool for localizing CRF receptors in rodent brain.
A map of sensilla and neurons in the taste system of drosophila larvae
Authors: Rist Anna , Thum Andreas S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn Drosophila melanogaster larvae, the prime site of external taste reception is the terminal organ (TO). Though investigation on the TO's implications in taste perception has been expanding rapidly, the sensilla of the TO have been essentially unexplored. In this study, we performed a systematic anatomical and molecular analysis of the TO. We precisely define morphological types of TO sensilla taking advantage of volume electron microscopy and 3D image analysis. We corroborate the presence of five external types of sensilla: papilla, pit, spot, knob, and modified papilla. Detailed 3D analysis of their structural organization allowed a finer discrimination into subtypes. We classify three subtypes of papilla and pit sensilla, respectively, and two subtypes of knob sensilla. Further, we determine the repertoire of receptor genes for each sensillum by analyzing GAL4 driver lines of Ir, Gr, Ppk, and Trp receptor genes. We construct a map of the TO, in which the receptor genes are mapped to neurons of individual sensilla. While modified papillum and spot sensilla are not labeled by any GAL4 driver, neurons of the pit, papilla, and knob type are labeled by partially overlapping but different subsets of GAL4 driver lines of the Ir, Gr, and Ppk gene family. The results suggest that pit, papilla and knob sensilla act in contact chemosensation. However, they likely do these employing different stimulus transduction mechanisms to sense the diverse chemicals of their environment.
TNF, TNF inducers, and TNFR2 agonists: A new path to type 1 diabetes treatment
Authors: Faustman Denise L. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn the past decade, interest in the century‐old tuberculosis vaccine, bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG), has been revived for potential new therapeutic uses in type 1 diabetes and other forms of autoimmunity. Diverse clinical trials are now proving the value of BCG in prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes, in the treatment of new onset multiple sclerosis and other immune conditions. BCG contains the avirulent tuberculosis strain Mycobacterium bovis, a vaccine originally developed for tuberculosis prevention. BCG induces a host response that is driven in part by tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Induction of TNF through BCG vaccination or through selective agonism of TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) has 2 desired cellular immune effects: (1) selective death of autoreactive T cells and (2) expansion of beneficial regulatory T cells (Tregs). In human clinical trials in both type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis, administration of the BCG vaccine to diseased adults has shown great promise. In a Phase I trial in advanced type 1 diabetes (mean duration of diabetes 15 years), 2 BCG vaccinations spaced 4 weeks apart selectively eliminated autoreactive T cells, induced beneficial Tregs, and allowed for a transient and small restoration of insulin production. The advancing global clinical trials using BCG combined with mechanistic data on BCGs induction of Tregs suggest value in this generic agent and possible immune reversal of the type 1 diabetic autoimmune process.
To mdivi‐1 or not to mdivi‐1: Is that the question?
Authors: Smith George , Gallo Gianluca 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe fission/division and fusion of mitochondria are fundamental aspects of mitochondrial biology. The balance of fission and fusion sets the length of mitochondria in cells to serve their physiological requirements. The fission of mitochondria is markedly induced in many disease states and in response to cellular injury, resulting in the fragmentation of mitochondria into dysfunctional units. The mechanism that drives fission is dependent on the dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) GTPase. mdivi‐1 is a quinazolinone originally described as a selective inhibitor of Drp1, over other dynamin family members, and reported to inhibit mitochondrial fission. A recent study has challenged the activity of mdivi‐1 as an inhibitor of Drp1. This study raises serious issues regarding the interpretation of data addressing the effects of mdivi‐1 as reflective of the inhibition of Drp1 and thus fission. This commentary considers the evidence for and against mdivi‐1 as an inhibitor of Drp1 and presents the following considerations; (1) the activity of mdivi‐1 toward Drp1 GTPase activity requires further biochemical investigation, (2) as there is a large body of literature using mdivi‐1 in vitro with effects as predicted for inhibition of Drp1 and mitochondrial fission, reviewed herein, the evidence is in favor of mdivi‐1's originally described bioactivity, and (3) until the issue is resolved, experimental interpretations for the effects of mdivi‐1 on inhibition of fission in cell and tissue experiments warrants stringent positive controls directly addressing the effects of mdivi‐1 on fission. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1260–1268, 2017
Steroid profile and IRMS analysis of musk administration for doping control
Authors: Wang Jingzhu , He Yi , Liu Xin , Yang Zhiyong , Yang Wenning 
Published: August 2017

Musk, the dried secretion of the musk pod (sac) of adult male musk deer, has been used as traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China and south‐east Asian countries for thousands of years. Due to the anabolic steroid component in this TCM, musk preparations have been included in the list of medical products containing prohibited substances employed for doping by the State Food and Drug Administration of China. The application of musk pod formulation was claimed to be responsible for some adverse analytical findings (AAFs) in the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup. Our preliminary study has suggested that musk ingestion did not lead to AAFs of doping control with the single dosage of 100 mg. However, the influences of musk administration in large and multi dosage are still unclear. The aim of this study is to further investigate the influences of musk administration for doping control. Wild and domestic deer musk samples were collected. The concentrations and δ13C‐values of steroids in musk were analyzed. In an excretion study, 200 and 100 mg of wild and domestic deer musk samples were administrated by 29 subjects, respectively. Fluctuations in steroid profile could be observed, and the ratio of 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol to 5β‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol was more sensitive than other parameters. In the IRMS test, the ∆Δδ13C‐value between endogenous reference compound and etiocholanolone was a sensitive parameter, and AAFs were obtained. It is the first time to confirm with excretion study that musk administration could lead to positive result of doping control. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sudden gains in the outpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa: A process‐outcome study
Authors: Cartwright Anna , Cheng Yat Ping , Schmidt Ulrike , Landau Sabine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveSudden gains (SGs), broadly defined as sudden symptom reductions occurring between two consecutive treatment sessions, have been associated with improved treatment outcomes in anxiety and depression. The present study is the first to formally define SGs in anorexia nervosa and explore the characteristics, demographic and baseline clinical predictors, and clinical impact of SGs in anorexia nervosa.MethodThis is a secondary analysis of data from 89 outpatients with broadly defined anorexia nervosa who received one of two psychotherapeutic interventions as part of the MOSAIC trial (Schmidt et al., 2015). SGs were defined using session‐by‐session body mass index (BMI) measures. This study investigated whether SGs were associated with changes in BMI, eating disorder symptomology, general psychopathology, and psychosocial impairment between baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months follow‐up.ResultsSGs, experienced by 61.8% of patients, mostly occurred during the early and middle phases of treatment. A larger proportion of SGs predicted larger increases in BMI between baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months follow‐up. Amongst those experiencing at least one SG, fewer days between baseline and a patient's first SG predicted a larger increase in BMI between baseline and both 6 and 12 months follow‐up. The proportion and timing of SGs did not predict changes in other outcome measures.DiscussionSGs in BMI during the outpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa are clinically useful predictors of longer‐term weight outcomes.
Classification of Monovarietal Sardinian Extra Virgin Olive Oils by 1H NMR Metabolomic
Authors: Culeddu Nicola , Chessa Matilde , Bandino Giovanni , Sedda Piergiorgio , Zurru Roberto , Anedda Roberto , Motroni Andrea , Molinu Maria Giovanna , Dettori Sandro , Santona Mario 
Published: August 2017

The chemical composition affects the sensory properties and quality of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO). In addition, its knowledge can supply valuable information about the cultivar and its geographical origin. The goal of this study is to obtain a protocol in order to be able to recognize the composition of various Sardinian oils and to consequently correlate them with their production areas. High‐resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to analyze 100 (82 training + 18 test sets) samples of EVOO from the Bosana cultivar, collected from different growing areas in Sardinia (Italy). Growth areas were classified on the basis of FAO‐UNEP aridity index. NMR data were processed with multivariate statistical analysis. NMR profiling presents a connection between environmental factors of Sardinian cultivation areas and the chemical composition of EVOO. An NMR‐based metabolomic approach that uses six “one‐to‐one” OPLS‐DA models allowed us to discriminate the different influence of evapotranspiration, solar exposure, and altitude on the chemical composition of Bosana EVOO. Practical Applications: Detailed knowledge of NMR spectra pattern variations could have a potential impact on olive oil market. The application of the 1H NMR metabolomic, based on chemometric models, can be a useful tool in order to certificate the geographical origin of EVOO.An NMR‐based metabolomic approach,using “one‐to‐one” OPLS‐DA models, allows to identify biomarkers of different production zones in “Bosana” Sardinian EVOO.
Development of high‐throughput and high sensitivity capillary gel electrophoresis platform method for Western, Eastern, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (WEVEE) virus like particles (VLPs) purity determination and characterization
Authors: Gollapudi Deepika , Wycuff Diane L , Schwartz Richard M , Cooper Jonathan W , Cheng KC 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we describe development of a high‐throughput, highly sensitive method based on Lab Chip CGE‐SDS platform for purity determination and characterization of virus‐like particle (VLP) vaccines. A capillary gel electrophoresis approach requiring about 41 s per sample for analysis and demonstrating sensitivity to protein initial concentrations as low as 20 μg/mL, this method has been used previously to evaluate monoclonal antibodies, but this application for lot release assay of VLPs using this platform is unique. The method was qualified and shown to be accurate for the quantitation of VLP purity. Assay repeatability was confirmed to be less than 2% relative standard deviation of the mean (% RSD) with interday precision less than 2% RSD. The assay can evaluate purified VLPs in a concentration range of 20–249 μg/mL for VEE and 20–250 μg/mL for EEE and WEE VLPs.
Ultrasensitive SPR detection of miRNA‐93 using antibody‐enhanced and enzymatic signal amplification
Authors: Schmieder Stefan , Weißpflog Janek , Danz Norbert , Hübner Max , Kreth Simone , Klotzbach Udo , Sonntag Frank 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMiRNAs are endogenous noncoding RNA molecules. They play important gene‐regulatory roles by binding to the mRNA of target genes thereby leading to either transcript degradation or translational repression. In virtually all diseases, distinct alterations of miRNA expression profiles have been found thus suggesting miRNAs as interesting biomarkers. Here, we present an SPR biosensor that utilizes disposable, injection‐molded sensor chip/microfluidic hybrids combined with a lateral imaging optical system for parallel analysis of three one‐dimensional spot arrays to detect miRNA‐93. To increase the sensitivity of the biosensor we used two different amplification strategies. By adding an RNA‐DNA‐hybrid antibody for primary signal amplification, a limit of detection of 10 pmol/L was achieved. Based on that method we demonstrate the detection of miRNA‐93 in total RNA lysate from HEK‐293 cells. Utilizing an enzymatic signal amplification with Poly(A) polymerase, the sensitivity could be increased even further leading to a limit of detection of 1 fmol/L.
The effect of tides and storms on the sediment transport across a Dutch barrier island
Authors: Wesselman Daan , de Winter Renske , Engelstad Anita , McCall Robert , van Dongeren Ap , Hoekstra Piet , Oost Albert , van der Vegt Maarten 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUnder natural conditions, barrier islands might grow vertically and migrate onshore under the influence of long‐term sea level rise. Sediment is transported onshore during storm‐induced overwash and inundation. However, on many Dutch Wadden Islands, dune openings are closed off by artificial sand‐drift dikes that prevent the influx of sediment during storms. It has been argued that creating openings in the dune row to allow regular flooding on barrier islands can have a positive effect on the sediment budget, but the dominant hydrodynamic processes and their influence on sediment transport during overwash and inundation are unknown. Here, we present an XBeach model study to investigate how sediment transport during overwash and inundation across the beach of a typical mesotidal Wadden Sea barrier island is influenced by wave, tide and storm surge conditions. Firstly, we validated the model XBeach with field data on waves and currents during island inundation. In general, the XBeach model performed well. Secondly, we studied the long‐term sediment transport across the barrier island. We distinguished six representative inundation classes, ranging from frequently occurring, low‐energy events to infrequent, high‐energy events, and simulated the hydrodynamics and sediment transport during these events. An analysis of the model simulations shows that larger storm events cause larger cross‐shore sediment transport, but the net sediment exchange during a storm levels off or even becomes smaller for the largest inundation classes because it is counteracted by larger mean water levels in the Wadden Sea that oppose or even reverse sediment transport during inundation. When taking into account the frequency of occurrence of storms we conclude that the cumulative effect of relatively mild storms on long‐term cross‐shore sediment transport is much larger than that of the large storm events. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Parsimonious sediment transport equations based on Bagnold's stream power approach
Authors: Lammers Roderick W. , Bledsoe Brian P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIt is increasingly recognized that effective river management requires a catchment scale approach. Sediment transport processes are relevant to a number of river functions but quantifying sediment fluxes at network scales is hampered by the difficulty of measuring the variables required for most sediment transport equations (e.g. shear stress, velocity, and flow depth). We develop new bedload and total load sediment transport equations based on specific stream power. These equations use data that are relatively easy to collect or estimate throughout stream networks using remote sensing and other available data: slope, discharge, channel width, and grain size. The new equations are parsimonious yet have similar accuracy to other, more established, alternatives. We further confirm previous findings that the dimensionless critical specific stream power for incipient particle motion is generally consistent across datasets, and that the uncertainty in this parameter has only a minor impact on calculated sediment transport rates. Finally, we test the new bedload transport equation by applying it in a simple channel incision model. Our model results are in close agreement to flume observations and can predict incision rates more accurately than a more complicated morphodynamic model. These new sediment transport equations are well suited for use at stream network scales, allowing quantification of this important process for river management applications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in different age groups
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Yan , Wang Dian‐Can , Su Jia‐Zeng , Jia Ling‐Fei , Peng Xin , Yu Guang‐Yan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe clinicopathological features and outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue in patients of different age groups remain debatable.MethodsMedical records of 457 patients with tongue SCC were reviewed, grouped by age, followed up, and compared.ResultsSex and TNM stage showed no intergroup differences. Tongue SCC in patients ≤30 years had the most advanced TNM classification and greatest proportion of poorly differentiation tumors. Both disease‐free survival (DFS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) showed no statistically significant difference between the youngest and the oldest groups (P = .605 and P = .520). However, there was a tendency of higher death rate caused by recurrence or metastasis in the youngest group compared with the others (91.7% vs 75.4% and 77.4%).ConclusionYoung patients had a tendency of higher death rate caused by recurrence or metastasis than middle‐age and older patients; therefore, a larger case sample is needed for further confirmation.
Characterizing the role of the hippocampus during episodic simulation and encoding
Authors: Thakral Preston P. , Benoit Roland G. , Schacter Daniel L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe hippocampus has been consistently associated with episodic simulation (i.e., the mental construction of a possible future episode). In a recent study, we identified an anterior‐posterior temporal dissociation within the hippocampus during simulation. Specifically, transient simulation‐related activity occurred in relatively posterior portions of the hippocampus and sustained activity occurred in anterior portions. In line with previous theoretical proposals of hippocampal function during simulation, the posterior hippocampal activity was interpreted as reflecting a transient retrieval process for the episodic details necessary to construct an episode. In contrast, the sustained anterior hippocampal activity was interpreted as reflecting the continual recruitment of encoding and/or relational processing associated with a simulation. In the present study, we provide a direct test of these interpretations by conducting a subsequent memory analysis of our previously published data to assess whether successful encoding during episodic simulation is associated with the anterior hippocampus. Analyses revealed a subsequent memory effect (i.e., later remembered > later forgotten simulations) in the anterior hippocampus. The subsequent memory effect was transient and not sustained. Taken together, the current findings provide further support for a component process model of hippocampal function during simulation. That is, unique regions of the hippocampus support dissociable processes during simulation, which include the transient retrieval of episodic information, the sustained binding of such information into a coherent episode, and the transient encoding of that episode for later retrieval.