bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender and number polarity in Modern Standard Arabic numeral phrases
Authors: Alqassas Ahmad 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNumeral phrases in Standard Arabic are known for gender and number mismatches1between the numeral and the enumerated noun. This article reduces these mismatches to two morphological deletion rules. The first deletes the feminine morpheme of the numeral when the enumerated noun is feminine, and the second deletes the plural morpheme of the enumerated noun when the numeral carries a plural morpheme. The first rule is further restricted to deleting only feminine morphemes that are underlyingly part of the numeral, and not inherited via agreement with a feminine enumerated noun via a syntactic agreement process. The analysis in this article is consistent with Sadiqi's (2006) claim that the feminine form in Arabic is the basic one from which the masculine was derived historically by reducing the feminine form. The deletion analysis here also finds support from Chomsky's approach of deriving the masculine from the feminine as theoretically less costly and more explanatorily adequate.
Subgrouping of Coahuitlán Totonac
Authors: Moore Devin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCoahuitlán Totonac is spoken in Veracruz, Mexico, and has been variously ascribed to two different branches of the Totonacan family tree. While recent work has begun to bring empirical evidence to the internal structure of this family tree, there remain several important areas of disagreement, in addition to the disputed affiliation of Coahuitlán. This article informs the family tree and demonstrates that Coahuitlán belongs to the Northern branch using shared innovations and two computational methods. The comparative method seeks sets of shared innovations for evidence of subgrouping. This article presents proposed shared innovations in phonology, morphology, and lexicon, which fall into two sets, one belonging to the Sierra and Lowland branches, and the other belonging to the Northern. Coahuitlán Totonac overwhelmingly shares innovations found in Northern languages and lacks innovations found in Sierra. Two quantitative methods are also used to show that Coahuitlán groups groups closely with other Northern languages.
Sex differences in adolescents’ glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to high and low glycaemic index breakfasts: a randomised control trial
Authors: Cooper Simon B. , Dring Karah J. , Morris John G. , Cousins Ben E. W. , Nute Maria L. , Nevill Mary E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDuring puberty young people undergo significant hormonal changes which affect metabolism and, subsequently, health. Evidence suggests there is a period of transient pubertal insulin resistance, with this effect greater in girls than boys. However, the response to everyday high and low glycaemic index (GI) meals remains unknown. Following ethical approval, forty adolescents consumed a high GI or low GI breakfast, in a randomised cross-over design. Capillary blood samples were taken during a 2-h postprandial period, examining the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses. Maturity offset and homoeostatic model assessment (HOMA) were also calculated. The glycaemic response to the breakfasts was similar between boys and girls, as shown by similar peak blood glucose concentrations and incremental AUC (IAUC) following both high and low GI breakfasts (all P>0·05). Girls exhibited a higher peak plasma insulin concentration 30 min post-breakfast following both high GI (P=0·043, g=0·69) and low GI (P=0·010, g=0·84) breakfasts, as well as a greater IAUC following high GI (P=0·041, g=0·66) and low GI (P=0·041, g=0·66) breakfasts. HOMA was positively correlated with the insulinaemic responses (all P<0·0005) and maturity offset (P=0·037). The findings of the present study suggest that pubertal insulin resistance affects the postprandial insulinaemic responses to both high and low GI meals. Specifically, girls exhibit a greater insulinaemic response than boys to both meals, despite similar glycaemic responses. This study is the first to report the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to everyday meals in boys and girls, supporting the recommendation for young people to base their diet on low GI carbohydrates.
TO CONTROL OR NOT TO CONTROL: HOW DO WE LEARN MORE ABOUT HOW AGRONOMIC INNOVATIONS PERFORM ON FARMS?
Authors: COE RIC , NJOLOMA JOYCE , SINCLAIR FERGUS 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYOur paper ‘Loading the dice in favour of the farmer: reducing the risk of adopting agronomic innovations’ revealed mean increases but also large variation in the impact of four agroforestry practises on maize yield, as experienced by farmers in Malawi. This prompted a response from Sileshi and Akinnifesi that was critical of the data and methods used. Their main concern was that farmers did not necessarily manage crops identically in plots with and those without trees, so the yield differences that we measured may be partly caused by these differences in crop management. We argue here that it is valid and useful to look at the actual effect on crop yield of farmers having trees intercropped with maize, rather than controlling for how the crop is managed, because this is what happens in the real world. Farmers respond to having trees in their field by treating their crop differently, so this is part of the system response to having trees in fields. Attempts to eliminate this will result in measuring an artefact rather than the real impact of trees on crop yield. By doing this, we revealed important variation in the impact of trees on crop yield amongst farmers, and we argue that it is important to explore, assess and communicate to farmers and development actors the extent and implications of this variation. Understanding the contextual factors that determine who is likely to benefit most from an innovation and for whom it is less suitable can then be incorporated in scaling up, so that targeting of innovations and the appropriateness of messages given to farmers are continuously refined.
Laurentian origin of solutan echinoderms: new evidence from the Guzhangian (Cambrian Series 3) Weeks Formation of Utah, USA
Authors: LEFEBVRE BERTRAND , LEROSEY-AUBRIL RUDY 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA new solutan echinoderm,Pahvanticystis utahensis gen. et sp. nov. is described from the upper part of the Weeks Formation (Guzhangian). The Cambrian (Series 3) succession of the central House Range in western Utah documents the early diversification of the class Soluta, which is characterized by a major ecological transition from sessile, ‘pelmatozoan’ primitive taxa (Coleicarpus, Wheeler Formation), to more and more vagile, temporarily attached (Castericystis, Marjum Formation), to mostly unattached, ‘homalozoan’ derived forms (Pahvanticystis, Weeks Formation). The morphology ofPahvanticystisis remarkably intermediate between those ofCastericystisandMinervaecystis. Its twisted, flattened dististele possibly represents an adaptation for a more efficient crawling atop soft substrates. This morphological feature also questions the phylogenetic relationships between syringocrinid and dendrocystitid solutans, and the possible evolution of the latter from basal,Pahvanticystis- orMinervaecystis-like syringocrinids by paedomorphosis.
FROM COMPLETE TO PARTIAL FLAGS IN GEOMETRIC EXTENSION ALGEBRAS
Authors: SAUTER JULIA 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA geometric extension algebra is an extension algebra of a semi-simple perverse sheaf (allowing shifts), e.g., a push-forward of the constant sheaf under a projective map. Particular nice situations arise for collapsings of homogeneous vector bundles over homogeneous spaces. In this paper, we study the relationship between partial flag and complete flag cases. Our main result is that the locally finite modules over the geometric extension algebras are related by a recollement. As examples, we investigate parabolic affine nil Hecke algebras, geometric extension algebras associated with parabolic Springer maps and an example of Reineke of a parabolic quiver-graded Hecke algebra.
POLYCYCLIC, METABELIAN OR SOLUBLE OF TYPE (FP)∞ GROUPS WITH BOOLEAN ALGEBRA OF RATIONAL SETS AND BIAUTOMATIC SOLUBLE GROUPS ARE VIRTUALLY ABELIAN
Authors: ROMAN'KOV VITALY 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLet G be a polycyclic, metabelian or soluble of type (FP)∞ group such that the class Rat(G) of all rational subsets of G is a Boolean algebra. Then, G is virtually abelian. Every soluble biautomatic group is virtually abelian.
Can fictionalists have faith?
Authors: MALCOLM FINLAY 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAccording to non-doxastic theories of propositional faith, belief that p is not necessary for faith that p. Rather, propositional faith merely requires a ‘positive cognitive attitude’. This broad condition, however, can be satisfied by several pragmatic approaches to a domain, including fictionalism. This article shows precisely how fictionalists can have faith given non-doxastic theory, and explains why this is problematic. It then explores one means of separating the two theories, in virtue of the fact that the truth of the propositions in a discourse is of little consequence for fictionalists, whereas their truth matters deeply for the faithful. Although promising, this approach incurs several theoretical costs, hence providing a compelling reason to favour a purely doxastic account of faith.
Discrimination Against Ethnic Minorities in Activation Programme? Evidence from a Vignette Experiment
Authors: TERUM LARS INGE , TORSVIK GAUTE , ØVERBYE EINAR 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe conducted a vignette experiment involving 470 Norwegian front-line workers to investigate whether their decisions to sanction non-compliance of activation requirements varied with the ethnicity of the welfare claimant. This is the first vignette experiment on ethnic discrimination in the administration of activation programmes in Europe. The study shows that front-line workers did not sanction claimants with a North African name more often than claimants with a native Norwegian name. However, among front-line workers who had experience with the relevant activation programme, a male claimant with a North African name was sanctioned less often than a male claimant with a native Norwegian name. Thus, we find some degree of reverse discrimination on the part of experienced front-line workers. This finding is contrary to a similar US vignette experiment that detected discrimination (not reverse discrimination) with regard to claimants with an ethnic minority name. The most likely explanation for the difference concerns the different institutional-cultural contexts within which Norwegian and US social policy programmes operate.
Tunable terahertz radiation generation by nonlinear photomixing of cosh-Gaussian laser pulses in corrugated magnetized plasma
Authors: Varshney P. , Sajal V. , Upadhyay A. , Chakera J. A. , Kumar R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a scheme of THz generation by nonlinear photomixing of two cosh-Gaussian lasers pulses having different frequencies (ω1, ω2) and wave numbers $(\vec k_1, \vec k_2 )$ and same electrical field amplitude in a corrugated plasma embedded with transverse static magnetic field. Cosh-Gaussian laser pulses have steep gradient in intensity profile along with wider cross-section, which exerts a stronger nonlinear ponderomotive force at ω1 − ω2 and $\vec k_1 - \vec k_2 $ on plasma electrons imparting a nonlinear oscillatory velocity to plasma electrons. Oscillatory plasma electrons couple with the density ripple n′ = nα0eiαx to produce a nonlinear current, which is responsible for resonant THz radiation at frequency $\sim\left( {{\rm \omega} _{\rm c}^2 + {\rm \omega} _{\rm p}^2} \right)^{1/2} $. The amplitude, efficiency and beam quality of THz radiation can be optimized by choosing proper corrugation factor (α of the plasma), applied magnetic field (ωc), decentered parameter (b), and beam width parameter a0 of cosh-Gaussian lasers. An efficiency of $\sim\!10^{ - 2} - 10^{ - 1} $ is achieved for laser electric field E = 3.2 × 109 V/cm.
THE FITTING-ATTITUDE ANALYSIS OF VALUE RELATIONS AND THE PREFERENCES VS. VALUE JUDGEMENTS OBJECTION
Authors: Rossi Mauro 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:According to Wlodek Rabinowicz's (2008) fitting-attitude analysis of value relations, two items are on a par if and only if it is both permissible to strictly prefer one to the other and permissible to have the opposite strict preference. Rabinowicz's account is subject, however, to one important objection: if strict preferences involve betterness judgements, then his analysis contrasts with the intuitive understanding of parity. In this paper, I examine Rabinowicz's three responses to this objection and argue that they do not succeed. I then propose an alternative solution. I argue that the objection can be avoided if we ‘relativize’ Rabinowicz's account and define parity in terms of opposite strict preferences between two items that are only relatively permissible, rather than permissible simpliciter. I argue that this account of parity can be defended if we take seriously the distinction between sufficient and decisive reason for a preference relation. I also show that, on the basis of this distinction, we can arrive at a more extensive taxonomy of value relations than the one proposed by Rabinowicz.
How can island communities deal with environmental hazards and hazard drivers, including climate change?
Authors: KELMAN ILAN 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYThis paper provides a critiquing overview of how island communities deal with environmental hazards and hazard drivers, including climate change. The key activity is disaster risk reduction including climate change adaptation, for which many concepts and techniques have emerged from island studies. Although these concepts and techniques are not exclusive to island contexts, this paper focuses on island communities in order to illustrate the importance of human actions in causing and dealing with disasters involving environmental hazards. This point is demonstrated by examining key human and physical geography characteristics representing ‘islandness’: population, area, geomorphology and connectedness. The characteristics are not mutually exclusive, but island stereotypes emerge as small and static populations, small resource areas, highly volatile and changing geomorphology and limited connectedness. In exploring exceptions and diversities amongst islands, stereotypes are sometimes seen and sometimes not seen in reality. Advantages and disadvantages are demonstrated for different island settings dealing with environmental hazards and hazard drivers.
Evaluating a tax-based subsidy approach for forest carbon sequestration
Authors: CHO SEONG-HOON , LEE JUHEE , ROBERTS ROLAND K. , ENGLISH BURTON C. , YU EDWARD T. , KIM TAEYOUNG , ARMSWORTH PAUL R. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYForest carbon sequestration plays an important role in reducing the build-up of greenhouse gases that are known to contribute to global climate change. However, private landowners will supply less carbon sequestration than would be socially desirable if they are unable to capture the economic value of sequestration. We examine the viability of offering landowners property tax subsidies for forest carbon sequestration (referred to as a ‘tax-based subsidy approach’). Waiving property taxes on forestland provides incentives for landowners to afforest non-forested land and/or sustain forests that are at risk of deforestation. We focus on 17 Tennessee counties and one Kentucky county, constituting one of 179 Bureau of Economic Analysis areas in the United States, as a case study. Higher forestland net return from waiving property taxes increases the share of forestland in the 18 counties, which in turn increases the accumulation of carbon in the forest ecosystem, suggesting that this is a viable approach. The annualized county-level cost of supplying forest carbon sequestration using a tax-based subsidy ranges between US$15.56 and US$563.58 per carbon tonne across the 18 counties. Relevant government agencies can use these estimates to target selected counties for more cost-effective adoption of the county-level tax-based subsidy approach.
Motivations for committed nature conservation action in Europe
Authors: ADMIRAAL JEROEN F. , VAN DEN BORN RIYAN J.G. , BERINGER ALMUT , BONAIUTO FLAVIA , CICERO LAVINIA , HIEDANPÄÄ JUHA , KNIGHTS PAUL , KNIPPENBERG LUUK W.J. , MOLINARIO ERICA , MUSTERS CORNELIS J.M. , NAUKKARINEN OSMA , POLAJNAR KATARINA , POPA FLORIN , SMREKAR ALES , SOININEN TIINA , PORRAS-GOMEZ CARMEN , SOETHE NATHALIE , VIVERO-POL JOSE-LUIS , DE GROOT WOUTER T. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYDespite ongoing efforts to motivate politicians and publics in Europe regarding nature conservation, biodiversity continues to decline. Monetary valuation of ecosystem services appears to be insufficient to motivate people, suggesting that non-monetary values have a crucial role to play. There is insufficient information about the motivations of actors who have been instrumental in successful conservation projects. We investigated the motivations underlying these biodiversity actors using the ranking of cards and compared the results with the rankings of motivations of a second group of actors with more socially related interests. For both groups of actors, their action relating to biodiversity was supported in general by two groups of motivations related to living a meaningful life and moral values. The non-biodiversity actors also noted that their action relating to biodiversity rested more on beauty, place attachment and intrinsic values in comparison with their main non-biodiversity interests. Our results have implications for environmental policy and biodiversity conservation in that the current tendency of focusing on the economic valuation of biodiversity fails to address the motivations of successful actors, thereby failing to motivate nature conservation on an individual level.
Using extinctions in species distribution models to evaluate and predict threats: a contribution to plant conservation planning on the island of Sardinia
Authors: FOIS MAURO , BACCHETTA GIANLUIGI , CUENA-LOMBRAÑA ALBA , COGONI DONATELLA , PINNA MARIA SILVIA , SULIS ELENA , FENU GIUSEPPE 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYRecent extinction rates suggest that humans are now causing the sixth mass extinction, and the Mediterranean islands are at the forefront of many of the environmental issues involved. This study provides an alternative approach for investigating documented local plant extinctions that occurred in Sardinia (western Mediterranean) during the last half century. A total of 190 local extinctions of 62 plant species were used to investigate the independent effects of eight ecological and anthropogenic variables and to model the areas of potential extinctions where plant conservation efforts could be focused. If all analysed plant species were considered together, ecological factors explained local extinctions more than anthropogenic factors. The independent effects of each factor considerably varied among species of different lifeforms and altitude ranges. Accordingly, distribution models of local extinctions outscored areas that are potentially rich in plant species with conservation interest, but which are particularly affected by humans. This paper suggests a reproducible, operational framework for analysing which extinction factors may play important roles in similar contexts and where they might be relevant.
Avian population trends inScalesiaforest on Floreana Island (2004-2013): Acoustical surveys cannot detect hybrids of Darwin’s tree finchesCamarhynchusspp.
Authors: PETERS KATHARINA J. , KLEINDORFER SONIA 
Published: March 2017

SummaryFloreana Island has the highest proportion of local land bird extinctions on the Galápagos Archipelago, and is home to the range-restricted and critically endangered Medium Tree FinchCamarhynchus pauper. We used acoustic surveys during 2004, 2008 and 2013 to compare the estimated population size ofC. pauperand other land bird species in a remnant patch ofScalesiaforest. First, we compared song inC. pauperandC. parvulusand the recently discoveredCamarhynchushybrid group to justify our use of acoustic surveys to detect population trends given contemporary hybridisation betweenC. pauperandC. parvulus. Song differed significantly betweenC. pauperversusC. parvulusand hybrid birds, but not betweenC. parvulusversus hybrid birds. Second, we compared population size estimates.Camarhynchus pauperdeclined by 52% between 2004 and 2013 (with a 10% increase since 2008);C. parvulus/hybrid increased by 45% between 2004 and 2013 (with 28% decrease since 2008). In 2013, there were ∼ 419C. paupermales in theScalesiaforest (estimate forScalesiahabitat only) and ∼ 2,537 males on Floreana Island (estimate for the entire available highland habitat). Not all species showed a pattern of decline in the highlandScalesiahabitat between 2004 and 2013:Dendroica petechia(+256%),Crotophaga ani(+254%)Geospiza fuliginosa(+23%), andMyiarchus magnirostris(+11%) increased, while the ground finchG. fortis(-76%) decreased. Understanding whyC. pauperis declining while other land bird species are increasing in the same habitat requires continued inquiry and monitoring efforts.
Fatal severe coronary artery stenosis in Williams syndrome: decision making using late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular MRI
Authors: Voges Inga , Franklin Rodney C. , Wage Ricardo , Babu-Narayan Sonya V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWilliams syndrome is a well-recognised congenital disorder characterised by cardiovascular, connective tissue, and central nervous system abnormalities. Coronary artery abnormalities are seen in patients with supravalvar aortic stenosis, but end-stage ischaemic heart disease is rare. We report a case of end-stage ischaemic heart disease due to severe coronary arterial stenosis, highlighting how cardiovascular MRI contributed to the management.
Verbal Learning and Memory Enhancement Strategies in Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Controlled Investigation
Authors: Kurtz Matthew M. , Trask Christi L. , Rosengard Rachel , Hyman Simone , Kremen Lisa , Mehta Shyle , Olfson Rachel , Rispaud Sam , Zaidman Sofia , Choi Jimmy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectives: Verbal episodic memory is a key domain of impairment in people with schizophrenia with close ties to a variety of aspects of functioning and therapeutic treatment response. A randomized, blinded trial of two mnemonic strategies for verbal episodic memory deficits for people with schizophrenia was conducted. Methods: Sixty-one people with schizophrenia were assigned to one of three experimental conditions: training in a mnemonic strategy that included both visualization and narrative structure (Story Method), a condition in which participants were trained to visualize words interacting with one another (Imagery), or a non-trained control condition in which participants received equivalent exposure to training word lists and other verbal memory assessments administered in the other two conditions, but without provision of any compensatory mnemonic strategy. Participants were assessed on improvements in recall of the word list used as part of training, as well as two, standardized verbal memory assessments which included stimuli not used as part of strategy training. Results: The Story Method produced improvements on a trained word list that generalized to a non-trained, prose memory task at a 1-week follow-up. In contrast, provision of a mnemonic strategy of simple visualization of words produced little improvement on word recall of trained words or on measures of generalization relative to the performance of participants in the control condition. Conclusions: These findings support the inclusion of enriched mnemonic strategies consisting of both visualization and narrative structure in sustained and comprehensive programs of CR for enhancement of verbal episodic memory in schizophrenia. (JINS, 2017, 23, 352–357)