bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the Principles of Green Chemistry Changed the Way Organic Chemistry Labs Are Taught at the University of Detroit Mercy
Authors: Mio Matthew J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMany logistic and instructional changes followed the incorporation of the 12 principles of green chemistry into organic chemistry laboratory courses at the University of Detroit Mercy. Over the last decade, institutional limitations have been turned into green chemical strengths in many areas, including integration of atom economy metrics into learning outcomes, replacing overly toxic equipment and reagents, and modifying matters of reaction scale and type.
Synthesis and Use of Reactive Molecular Precursors for the Preparation of Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Schulte Bjoern , Schrettl Stephen , Frauenrath Holger 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe use of reactive molecular carbon precursors is required if the preparation of carbon nanostructures and nanomaterials is to be achieved under conditions that are sufficiently benign to control their nanoscopic morphology and tailor their chemical functionalization. Recently, oligoyne precursors have been explored for this purpose, as they are sufficiently stable to be available in tangible quantities but readily rearrange in reactions that yield other forms of carbon. In this chapter, we briefly discuss available synthetic routes toward higher oligoynes that mostly rely on transition metal-mediated coupling reactions. Thereafter, a comprehensive overview of the use of oligoyne derivatives as precursors for carbon nanostructures and nanomaterials is given. While the non-templated conversion of simple oligoynes into carbonaceous matter exemplifies their potential as metastable carbon precursors, the more recent attempts to use functionalized oligoynes in host–guest complexes, self-assembled aggregates, thin films, colloids or other types of supramolecular structures have paved the way toward a new generation of carbon nanomaterials with predictable nanoscopic morphology and chemical functionalization.
Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, an early biomarker for diagnosis of acute kidney injury after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Choudhry Nakhshab , Ihsan Amna , Mahmood Sadia , Haq Fahim Ul , Gondal Aamir Jamal 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objectives
This study was designed to find the reliability of serum NGAL as an early and better diagnostic biomarker than that of serum creatinine for acute kidney injury after percutaneous coronary intervention in Pakistani population.

Materials and methods
One hundred and fifty-one patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention were included and demographic data were recorded. Blood was drawn by venipuncture in clot activator vacutainers and serum was separated and stored at 4°C. Sample was drawn before the percutaneous procedure and subsequently sampling was done serially for 5 days.

Results
The mean±SD serum NGAL pre-PCI (39.92± 10.35 μg/L) and 4 h post-PCI (100.42±26.07 μg/L) showed highly significant difference (p<0.001). The mean±SD serum creatinine pre-PCI (70.1±11.8 μmol/L) and post-PCI (71.2±11.6 μmol/L) showed significant difference (p=0.005) on day 2 onwards but mean microalbumin showed insignificant results (p=0.533). The serum NGAL predicted CI-AKI with sensitivity of 95.8% and specificity of 97.6% for a cut off value of 118 μg/L.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that NGAL is an excellent early diagnostic biomarker for acute kidney injury in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention.
Reading Romans 1 on Homosexuality in the Light of Biblical/Jewish and Greco-Roman Perspectives of its Time
Authors: Loader William 
Published: February 2017

Abstract:In seeking common ground with his readers Paul uses same sex relations to depict human depravity. In doing so he uses many of the arguments familiar from ethical discourse in the Greco-Roman world of his time, but employs them within a Jewish frame of reference. Thus the perverted mind, attitudes and actions are produced by perverted responses to God. The shame of making males passive is ultimately the shame of contravening what God created them to be. Exceptionally he relates the unnatural not to denying procreation, but to denying the created order of (only) male and female and implies the Leviticus prohibitions apply to both. Strong passion is problematic when wrongly directed. Paul’s argument is typically theological and psychological.
Neural Representations of Observed Actions Generalize across Static and Dynamic Visual Input
Authors: Hafri Alon , Trueswell John C. , Epstein Russell A. 
Published: February 2017

People interact with entities in the environment in distinct and categorizable ways (e.g.,kickingismaking contact with foot). We can recognize these action categories across variations in actors, objects, and settings; moreover, we can recognize them from both dynamic and static visual input. However, the neural systems that support action recognition across these perceptual differences are unclear. Here, we used multivoxel pattern analysis of fMRI data to identify brain regions that support visual action categorization in a format-independent way. Human participants were scanned while viewing eight categories of interactions (e.g.,pulling) depicted in two visual formats: (1) visually controlled videos of two interacting actors and (2) visually varied photographs selected from the internet involving different actors, objects, and settings. Action category was decodable across visual formats in bilateral inferior parietal, bilateral occipitotemporal, left premotor, and left middle frontal cortex. In most of these regions, the representational similarity of action categories was consistent across subjects and visual formats, a property that can contribute to a common understanding of actions among individuals. These results suggest that the identified brain regions support action category codes that are important for action recognition and action understanding.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans tend to interpret the observed actions of others in terms of categories that are invariant to incidental features: whether a girl pushes a boy or a button and whether we see it in real-time or in a single snapshot, it is stillpushing. Here, we investigated the brain systems that facilitate the visual recognition of these action categories across such differences. Using fMRI, we identified several areas of parietal, occipitotemporal, and frontal cortex that exhibit action category codes that are similar across viewing of dynamic videos and still photographs. Our results provide strong evidence for the involvement of these brain regions in recognizing the way that people interact physically with objects and other people.
Pejvakin, a Candidate Stereociliary Rootlet Protein, Regulates Hair Cell Function in a Cell-Autonomous Manner
Authors: Kazmierczak Marcin , Kazmierczak Piotr , Peng Anthony W. , Harris Suzan L. , Shah Prahar , Puel Jean-Luc , Lenoir Marc , Franco Santos J. , Schwander Martin 
Published: February 2017

Mutations in thePejvakin(PJVK) gene are thought to cause auditory neuropathy and hearing loss of cochlear origin by affecting noise-induced peroxisome proliferation in auditory hair cells and neurons. Here we demonstrate that loss of pejvakin in hair cells, but not in neurons, causes profound hearing loss and outer hair cell degeneration in mice. Pejvakin binds to and colocalizes with the rootlet component TRIOBP at the base of stereocilia in injectoporated hair cells, a pattern that is disrupted by deafness-associatedPJVKmutations. Hair cells of pejvakin-deficient mice develop normal rootlets, but hair bundle morphology and mechanotransduction are affected before the onset of hearing. Some mechanotransducing shorter row stereocilia are missing, whereas the remaining ones exhibit overextended tips and a greater variability in height and width. Unlike previous studies ofPjvkalleles with neuronal dysfunction, our findings reveal a cell-autonomous role of pejvakin in maintaining stereocilia architecture that is critical for hair cell function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTwo missense mutations in thePejvakin(PJVKorDFNB59) gene were first identified in patients with audiological hallmarks of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, whereas all otherPJVKalleles cause hearing loss of cochlear origin. These findings suggest that complex pathogenetic mechanisms underlie human deafness DFNB59. In contrast to recent studies, we demonstrate that pejvakin in auditory neurons is not essential for normal hearing in mice. Moreover, pejvakin localizes to stereociliary rootlets in hair cells and is required for stereocilia maintenance and mechanosensory function of the hair bundle. Delineating the site of the lesion and the mechanisms underlying DFNB59 will allow clinicians to predict the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches, such as determining compatibility for cochlear implants.
GABA Cells in the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala Promote Cataplexy
Authors: Snow Matthew B. , Fraigne Jimmy J. , Thibault-Messier Gabrielle , Chuen Victoria L. , Thomasian Aren , Horner Richard L. , Peever John 
Published: February 2017

Cataplexy is a hallmark of narcolepsy characterized by the sudden uncontrollable onset of muscle weakness or paralysis during wakefulness. It can occur spontaneously, but is typically triggered by positive emotions such as laughter. Although cataplexy was identified >130 years ago, its neural mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that a newly identified GABA circuit within the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) promotes cataplexy. We used behavioral, electrophysiological, immunohistochemical, and chemogenetic strategies to target and manipulate CeA activity selectively in narcoleptic (orexin−/−) mice to determine its functional role in controlling cataplexy. First, we show that chemogenetic activation of the entire CeA produces a marked increase in cataplexy attacks. Then, we show that GABA cells within the CeA are responsible for mediating this effect. To manipulate GABA cells specifically, we developed a new mouse line that enables genetic targeting of GABA cells inorexin−/−mice. We found that chemogenetic activation of GABA CeA cells triggered a 253% increase in the number of cataplexy attacks without affecting their duration, suggesting that GABA cells play a functional role in initiating but not maintaining cataplexy. We show that GABA cell activation only promotes cataplexy attacks associated with emotionally rewarding stimuli, not those occurring spontaneously. However, we found that chemogenetic inhibition of GABA CeA cells does not prevent cataplexy, suggesting these cells are not required for initiating cataplexy attacks. Our results indicate that the CeA promotes cataplexy onset and that emotionally rewarding stimuli may trigger cataplexy by activating GABA cells in the CeA.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough cataplexy has been closely linked to positive emotions for >130 years, the neural circuitry that underlies this relationship is poorly understood. Recent work suggests that the amygdala, a brain area important for processing emotion, may be part of this circuit. This study provides the first functional evidence to implicate GABA cells in the amygdala as regulators of cataplexy triggered by positive emotions and identifies the amygdala as the brain region important more for gating the entrance into rather than the exit from cataplexy. We also generated a new mouse model for studying GABA neurons in narcoleptic mice, which could serve as a useful tool for studying the neurobiological underpinnings of narcolepsy.
Efficacy and Safety of FOLFIRI Regimen in Elderly Versus Nonelderly Patients with Metastatic Colorectal or Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kim Ji-Won , Lee Keun-Wook , Kim Kyu-Pyo , Lee Ju Hyun , Hong Yong Sang , Kim Jeong-Eun , Kim Sun Young , Park Sook Ryun , Nam Byung-Ho , Cho Sang-Hee , Chung Ik-Joo , Park Young Suk , Oh Ho-Suk , Lee Myung-Ah , Kang Hye Jin , Park Young Iee , Song Eun-Kee , Han Hye Sook , Lee Kyu Taeg , Shin Dong Bok , Kang Jung Hun , Zang Dae Young , Kim Jee Hyun , Kim Tae Won 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Irinotecan-based chemotherapy is a standard backbone of therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) or gastric cancer (GC). However, there is still a paucity of information concerning the efficacy and safety of irinotecan-based regimens in elderly patients.

Patients and Methods
Using the patient cohort (n = 1,545) from the UGT1A1 genotype study, we compared the efficacy and safety between elderly and nonelderly patients with metastatic CRC (n = 934) or GC (n = 611) who received first- or second-line FOLFIRI (irinotecan, leucovorin, and 5-fluorouracil) chemotherapy.

Results
Despite lower relative dose intensity in elderly patients, progression-free survival and overall survival were similar between elderly (age ≥70 years) and nonelderly (&lt;70 years) patients in the CRC cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 1.117; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.927–1.345; p = .244, and HR, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.774–1.264; p = .931, respectively) and the GC cohort (HR, 1.093; 95% CI, 0.854–1.400; p = .479, and HR, 1.188; 95% CI, 0.891–1.585; p = .241, respectively). In both cohorts, febrile neutropenia (22.1% vs. 14.6% in CRC cohort and 35.2% vs. 22.5% in GC cohort) and asthenia (grade 3: 8.4% vs. 1.7% in CRC cohort and 5.5% vs. 2.9% in GC cohort) were more frequent in elderly patients. In the CRC cohort, mucositis and anorexia were more frequent in elderly patients. In the GC cohort, nausea and vomiting were less frequent in elderly patients.

Conclusion
The efficacy of the FOLFIRI regimen was similar between elderly and nonelderly patients in both the CRC and the GC cohorts. However, special attention should be paid to elderly patients because of increased risk for febrile neutropenia and asthenia.
The Use of Hyperbaric Oxygen for the Prevention and Management of Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw: A Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center Multidisciplinary Guideline
Authors: Sultan Ahmed , Hanna Glenn J. , Margalit Danielle N. , Chau Nicole , Goguen Laura A. , Marty Francisco M. , Rabinowits Guilherme , Schoenfeld Jonathan D. , Sonis Stephen T. , Thomas Tom , Tishler Roy B. , Treister Nathaniel S. , Villa Alessandro , Woo Sook-Bin , Haddad Robert , Mawardi Hani 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORN) is an infrequent yet potentially devastating complication of radiation therapy to the head and neck region. Treatment options include antimicrobial therapy, local sequestrectomy, resection, and the use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). Published data on ORN are difficult to compare because of the lack of a universally accepted classification and staging system, and the literature on the use of HBO to either prevent or successfully manage ORN is controversial and inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to establish a standard approach for using HBO at our institution.

Materials and Methods
A literature search was conducted of articles published in the English language between January 1980 and January 2016. Retrieved articles were evaluated by two independent reviewers. Isolated case reports, abstracts, case series, review articles, and cohort studies without a control group were excluded; summary data were extracted from the remaining studies. A panel of experts from Head and Neck Oncology and Oral Medicine from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital reviewed the summary data and established multidisciplinary guidelines on the use of HBO for the prevention and management of ORN.

Results
Seven studies were evaluated and reviewed by the multidisciplinary panel. There was no consistent evidence in support of HBO for either the prevention or management of ORN.

Conclusion
Based on the available evidence and expert opinion, routine use of HBO for the prevention or management of ORN is not recommended and is rarely used at our institution.
Effect of partial replacement of cement with slag on the early-age strength of concrete
Authors: Tang Kangkang , Khatib Jamal , Beattie Greg 
Published: February 2017

Concrete structures are popularly used to provide open space areas that are often incorporated into the design of sports, social and industrial structures. One of the concerns with concrete structures, especially long-span concrete structures, is early-age thermal expansion and subsequent contraction as a result of the exothermic cement hydration reaction. Thermal contraction, externally restrained by vertical structural elements such as columns and shear walls, may cause thermal cracking if it exceeds the tensile strength of the concrete. The early-age thermal loading of cast-in-place concrete can be estimated through isothermal calorimetry, semi-adiabatic calorimetry and finite-element modelling. This paper discusses the efficiency of using finite-element modelling, based on the isothermal calorimetry results, for predicting early-age temperature development of in situ concrete. In addition, this work quantifies the beneficial effect of using ground granulated blast-furnace slag as a partial replacement of cement in structural concrete. The simulation results, validated via semi-adiabatic calorimetry, indicate reduced thermal loading due to the presence of slag. This can be taken as an advantage of using such slag in structural concrete.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS ATTITUDE TO HEALTH EDUCATION AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT BY LEARNING OUTCOMES OF HEALTH EDUCATION IN THE FIFTH DEGREE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Sumantri Mohamad Syarif 
Published: February 2017

Abstract .The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between students attitude to health education and learning environment by learning outcomes of health education .This study by using methods of survey correlation. The study is done in public primary schools in Bogor with n = 40. The sample used a technique of random sampling. The results of the study showed: (1) there is a positive correlation between the attitude of the student with learning out comes health education (2) there is a positive relationship between learning environment with learning outcomes health education (3) there is a positive attitude of students to health education and learning environment of the learning outcome of health education. Based on the research showed that health education can be more optimal by raising the students attitude of education health and the environment to study for students properly.Keywords: student attitude, learning environment, learning outcomes of health education.Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara sikap siswa terhadap pendidikan kesehatan dan lingkungan belajar dengan hasil belajar pendidikan kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey yang mengimplementasikan teknik korelasi ganda. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Bogor dengan n = 40 dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan: (1) ada korelasi positif antara sikap siswa dengan hasil belajar pendidikan kesehatan (2) ada hubungan positif antara lingkungan belajar dengan hasil belajar pendidikan kesehatan (3) ada hubungan yang positif antara sikap siswa terhadap pendidikan kesehatan dan lingkungan belajar secara bersama-sama terhadap hasil belajar pendidikan kesehatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan hasil belajar pendidikan kesehatan dapat ditingkatkan dengan meningkatkan sikap siswa terhadap pendidikan kesehatan dan lingkungan belajar siswa yang baik.Kata Kunci: Sikap siswa, lingkungan belajar, hasil belajar pendidikan kesehatan.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUPPORTING TOOL APPLICATION SOFTWARE FOR PROCESSING STATISTICAL DATA BASED ON VISUAL BASIC APPLICATION (VBA)
Authors: Mariyana Rita 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. This study aims to develop to improve the quality of learning by making statistical data processing tools are easy to understand, easy to use by following the flow and statistical methods so that students can quickly perform data processing in both subjects for task completion and the completion of an essay, a thesis or a dissertation. To describe the results of a study to improve the quality of learning with this statistical tool research uses descriptive method, the purposive sampling technique to students taking statistics courses in early childhood teacher education study program Indonesia University of Education. Data from the study, questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentary studies analyzed by quantitative and qualitative techniques. The final product of this study is to improve the quality of products tools of statistical data processing and statistical are quickly understood and easily used not only for Early Childhood Education students but for students taking a statistics course.Keywords : Tools, Learning Media, Process, Statistics Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pengembangan untuk meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran dengan membuat alat bantu olahdata Statistik yang mudah dipahami, mudah digunakan dengan mengikuti alur dan metode Statistik sehingga mahasiswa dapat dengan cepat dan mudah dalam melakukan pengolahan data baik itu untuk penyelesaian tugas mata kuliah maupun penyelesaian skripsi, tesis, ataupun disertasi. Untuk mendeskripsikan hasil penelitian dari peningkatan mutu pembelajaran dengan alat bantu Statistik ini penelitian menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen, dengan teknik purposive sampling pada mahasiswa yang mengikuti mata kuliah Statistik pada Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Produk akhir penelitian peningkatan mutu pembelajaran ini adalah produk aplikasi alat bantu olahdata Statistik untuk mata kuliah statistik yang cepat dipahami dan mudah digunakan untuk semua mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah Statistik serta untuk pengolahan data penelitian. Kata Kunci : Alat Bantu, Olahdata, Statistik