bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatosplenic Candidiasis Without Prior Documented Candidemia: An Underrecognized Diagnosis?
Authors: van Prehn Joffrey , Menke-van der Houven van Oordt C. Willemien , de Rooij Madelon L. , Meijer Ellen , Bomers Marije K. , van Dijk Karin 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with a history of chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation (SCT) and prolonged neutropenia are at risk for hepatic and/or splenic seeding of Candida. In our experience, hepatosplenic candidiasis (HSC) without documented candidemia often remains unrecognized.

Case presentations
We describe three cases of HSC without documented candidemia and the challenges in establishing the diagnosis and adequately treating this condition. The first patient had a history of SCT for treatment of breast cancer and was scheduled for hemihepatectomy for suspected liver metastasis. A second opinion at our institute resulted in the diagnosis of hepatic candidiasis without prior documented candidemia, for which she was treated successfully with fluconazole. The second case demonstrates the limitations of (blood and tissue) cultures and the value of molecular methods to confirm the diagnosis. Case 3 illustrates treatment challenges, with ongoing dissemination and insufficient source control despite months of antifungal therapy, eventually resulting in a splenectomy.

Literature review
A structured literature search was performed for articles describing any patient with HSC and documented blood culture results. Thirty articles were available for extraction of data on candidemia and HSC. Seventy percent (131/187) of patients with HSC did not have documented candidemia. The majority of HSC events were described in hematologic patients, although some cases were described in patients with solid tumors treated with SCT (n = 1) or chemotherapy and a history of leukopenia (n = 2). Current guidelines and practices for diagnosis and treatment are described.

Conclusion
Clinicians should be aware that HSC most often occurs without documented candidemia. In case of persistent or unexplained fever or lesions in the liver and/or spleen, a history of neutropenia should place disseminated candidiasis in the differential diagnosis. HSC is not limited to hematological patients and may occur in patients with solid tumors treated with bone marrow-suppressing chemotherapy or SCT. In the latter group, HSC as alternative diagnosis for hepatic metastasis should be considered when lesions are not typical for metastasis. This might prevent unnecessary surgery or inappropriate treatment.
Ecosystem Services and International Water Law: towards a more effective determination and implementation of Equity?
Authors: Rieu-Clarke Alistair , Spray Christopher 
Published: May 2017

Interest in an ecological- or an ecosystem-centred approach to natural resource management is not new, and in the case of water management has been very well emphasised for many decades. Recently however, a new focus has emerged around the identification and assessment of ecosystem services, and the potential to somehow use valuation of these services as a basis for more effective management of natural and human-linked systems. Despite this growing recognition, attempts to apply such an approach to transboundary watercourses are few and far between. While key principles of international water law, for example, equitable and reasonable utilisation, are not in conflict with an ecosystem services approach; significant challenges remain in its implementation. However, as the methods and tools used to identify ecosystem services improve, it is likely that such an approach will offer an important means by which to reconcile competing interests over shared watercourses in the future.
Law, the Laws of Nature and Ecosystem Energy Services: A Case of wilful Blindness
Authors: Hodas David R 
Published: May 2017

Ecosystems services include the collection, concentration, and storage of solar energy as fossil fuels (e.g., coal, petroleum, and natural gas). These concentrated forms of energy were produced by ancient ecosystem services. However, our legal and economic systems fail to recognise the value of the ecosystem service subsidies embedded in fossil fuels. This ecosystem services price subsidy causes overuse and waste of fossil fuels in the free market: fossil fuels are consumed more quickly than they can be replaced by ecosystem services and in far larger quantities than they would be if the price of fossil fuels included the cost of solar energy collection, concentration and manufacturing of raw fossil fuels. Moreover, burning fossil fuels produces enormous environmental, human health and welfare costs and damage.
Virtually no legal literature on ecosystem services, sustainable development, or sustainable energy, considers fossil fuels in this context. Without understanding stored energy as an ecosystem service, we cannot reasonably expect to manage our fossil fuel energy resources sustainably. International and domestic energy law and policy systems generally ignore this feature of fossil fuel energy, a blind spot that explains why reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels is fundamentally a political challenge. This paper will use new understandings emerging from the field of complex systems to critique existing legal decision-making models that do not adequately account for energy ecosystem services in policy design, resource allocation and project approvals. The paper proposes a new "least-social-cost" decision-making legal structure that includes ecosystem energy services.
Ordenamiento territorial como instrumento, para la zonificación ambiental a traves de la Estructura Ecologica Principal, como apoyo a la formulación de los POTs y los POMCAS en Colombia
Authors: Villegas Rodríguez Ernesto , Contreras García Diana Gabriela , Cifuentes Guerrero Julie Alejandra , Fernández Almanza Libardo 
Published: May 2017

<p>El presente artículo da a conocer los resultados obtenidos luego de una revisión teórica acerca de la necesaria relación que existe entre la zonificación ambiental, y la Estructura Ecológica Principal en el Ordenamiento del Territorio en los diferentes escenarios físicos, con el objetivo de caracterizar la importancia de estos dos factores como mecanismos fundamentales en la formulación de Planes de Desarrollo (PD), y los Planes de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT). Los resultados arrojan que la planificación y ordenamiento del territorio en términos de eficiencia, igualdad, equidad, participación, sostenibilidad, competitividad y bajo el marco de una democracia participativa e incluyentes, representa un reto para las ciudades actuales, donde el crecimiento poblacional, el aumento de las actividades económicas y las crecientes necesidades humanas, ejercen una presión cada vez mayor sobre los recursos naturales, por lo que incluir la zonificación ambiental y la Estructura Ecológica Principal resulta la base para la construcción de los POT, en función de las Unidades Especiales de Funcionamiento (UEF), para la formulación de una nueva visión de instrumentos denominados de “segunda generación” de PD y POT bajo la visión de afrontar nuevos marcos legales para la incorporación del ordenamiento territorial e inversiones bajo la figura del postconflicto.</p><p>Abstract</p><p>This article discloses the results obtained after a theoretical revision regarding the necessary relationship between environmental zoning, and the National Ecological Land Use Planning in different physical settings, in order to characterize the importance of these two factors as key mechanisms in the formulation of Development Plans (PD), and the Land Management Plans (POT). The results show that planning and land use planning in terms of efficiency, equality, equity, participation, sustainability and competitiveness within the framework of a participatory and inclusive democracy represents a challenge for current cities, where population growth, increasing of economic activities and growing human needs, exert increasing pressure on natural resources, which include environmental zoning and the National Ecological Network is the basis for the construction of the POT, according to the Special Units operation (UEF), to formulate a new vision of instruments called “second generation” of PD and low vision POT face new legal framework for the incorporation of territorial planning and investment under the guise of post-conflict</p><p> </p>
Evaluation of Potential Spanish Text Markers on Social Posts as Features for Polarity Classification
Authors: Leoni de León Jorge Antonio , Casasola Murillo Edgar , Marín Raventós Gabriela 
Published: May 2017

Abstract:
This work describes the identification and evaluation process of potential text markers for sentiment analysis. Evaluation of the markers and its use as part of the feature extraction process from plain text that is needed for sentiment analysis is presented. Evaluation of text marker obtained as a result of systematic analysis from a corpus over a second one allowed us to identify that emphasized positive words are strong indicators for positive text. The second corpus allowed us to evaluate the relation between the polarity of emphasized words and the text they appear in. Evaluation of the markers for polarity detection task in combination with a polarized dictionary produced polarity classification average precision of 56% using only three markers.This are promising results compared to the top 69% obtained using more features and specialized dictionaries for the same task.
Spanish Abstract:
Este trabajo describe el proceso de identificación y evaluación de posibles marcadores de texto para análisis de sentimiento. Se presenta la evaluación de los marcadores y su uso como parte del proceso de extracción de características para análisis de sentimiento.La evaluación de los marcadores de texto que obtenidos como resultado del análisis sistemático de un corpus sobre un segundo corpus permitió identificar que las palabras positivas con énfasis son fuertes indicadores para identificación de texto positivo. El segundo corpus nos permitió evaluar la relación existente entre la polaridad de las palabras con énfasis y el texto en que aparecen. La evaluación de los marcadores en combinación con un diccionario de polaridad permitieron obtener una precisión del 56%usando solo tres marcadores. Este es un resultado prometedor si se compara con el 69% que se logra obtener para la misma tarea con un número mayor de características y varios diccionarios especializados.
Outbreak of contagious ecthyma in camels (<em>Camelus dromedarius</em> and <em>Camelus bactrianus</em>) in Southwest Iran
Authors: Gharib Mombeni E. , Gharib Mombeini M. , Varshovi H. R. , Khalaj M. , Kenarkohi M. , Goudarzi M. , Mousavi Nasab S. M. 
Published: May 2017

Camel contagious ecthyma (CCE) is a highly infectious viral skin disease of sheep, goats, and camels caused by a Parapoxvirus. This study reports an outbreak of CCE in a herd of 34 camels/dromedaries, with 24 infected animals. The infected animals exhibited severe papules on the lips and legs, increase in body temperature, profuse salivation, foul mouth smell, and facial edema. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in some samples. The morbidity and mortality rates were 70.6 and 6%, respectively. A supportive treatment was administered to the infected camels. Most of the camels recovered within three weeks. Skin analysis by the polymerase chain reaction revealed the pre- sence of the B2L gene of the CE Kerman/2000 strain. This is the second report on the presence of CCE in Iran. As there is no vaccination program for camels against contagious ecthyma virus in Iran, this study may form the basis for establishing such a program
Transmission concomitante de trypanosomose humaine et animale : le foyer de Mandoul au Tchad
Authors: Mallaye Peka , Kohagne Tongué L. , Ndeledje N. , Louis F. J. , Mahamat Hassane H. 
Published: May 2017

La trypanosomose est une maladie qui affecte à la fois l’homme et les animaux. Elle est provoquée par Trypanosoma sp. et cycliquement transmise par un vecteur, la glossine. Bien que cette maladie soit essentiellement endémique dans l’aire de distribution de son vecteur, les zones endémiques qui présentent une transmission active des deux types de la maladie ont rarement été décrites. Dans la présente étude, des enquêtes épidémiologique et entomologique ont été menées, puis les échantillons obtenus ont été analysés par la technique d’amplification en chaîne par polymérase (PCR). Au total, 13 410 personnes ont été examinées et 132 cas diagnostiqués. L’examen de 144 bovins par PCR a révélé l’infection de 33 d’entre eux, soit par Trypanosoma brucei (39 p. 100 des infections), soit par T. vivax (55 p. 100 des infections), soit par une coïnfection (deux animaux). Trois familles d’insectes (Glossinidae, Stomoxyinae et Tabanidae) ont été capturées à des densités variables. Glossina fuscipes fuscipes a été capturée uniquement dans la partie sud du foyer et la plus forte densité apparente (DAP = 0,56 glossine/piège/jour) a été observée dans la forêt galerie bordant les villages où a été diagnostiqué le plus grand nombre de malades. Les Tabanidae ont été présentes dans toutes les zones prospectées mais la plus forte densité (DAP = 15,55 tabanidés/piège/jour) a été observée dans la partie nord du foyer. Les stomoxes ont été absents de la zone prospectée la plus éloignée de la rivière. L’identification des trypanosomes chez l’homme et le bétail, et la présence du vecteur cyclique et des vecteurs mécaniques potentiels ont confirmé l’endémie de trypanosomose animale et humaine dans ce foyer. Seule une stratégie globale d’élimination permettrait de la contrôler durablement.
Effets de la substitution des graines torréfiées de soja (<em>Glycine max</em>) par celles de niébé (<em>Vigna unguiculata</em>) et du niveau de protéines alimentaires sur les performances zootechniques et la rentabilité économique de l’élevage de poulets
Authors: Ouattara S. , Bougouma-Yameogo V. M.C. , Nianogo A. J. , Ouedraogo H. 
Published: May 2017

La présente étude a eu pour but d’évaluer les effets de la substitution des graines torréfiées de soja (Glycine max) par celles de niébé (Vigna unguiculata) et du niveau de protéines alimentaires sur les performances zootechniques et la rentabilité économique des poulets de race locale (Gallus gallus) au Burkina Faso. Trois cents poussins de race locale de 12 jours d’âge ont été répartis en 12 lots de 25 sujets chacun. Quatre régimes alimentaires incorporant des graines de niébé ou de soja et ayant des niveaux protéiques différents pour le démarrage et la croissance et finition ont été préparés. Les paramètres zootechniques (poids vif, gain pondéral, ingéré et indice de consommation), et la mortalité ont été relevés une fois toutes les deux semaines du 12e au 138e jour d’âge. Au 138e jour, quatre sujets (deux mâles et deux femelles) de chaque lot ont été abattus afin d’évaluer les caractéristiques des carcasses et des organes sélectionnés. Une évaluation de la rentabilité comparée des différents régimes a été faite. La substitution des graines torréfiées de soja par celles de niébé n’a pas eu d’effet dépressif sur les performances zootechniques ni sur les paramètres d’abattage du poulet local. De même, l’utilisation de ces graines n’a pas dégradé la rentabilité économique. Enfin, l’augmentation du taux de protéines dans les régimes a amélioré significativement (p ≤ 0,05) les gains de poids et a permis de réduire la durée d’élevage des poulets de ces régimes de deux semaines environ.
Typologie exploratoire des systèmes d’élevage laitier familiaux de la mégalopole du Grand Caire en Egypte, contraintes et opportunités
Authors: Daburon A. , Tourrand J-F. , Alary V. , Ali A. , Elsorougy M. 
Published: May 2017

Avec la croissance de la population urbaine mondiale, les rôles que pourraient jouer les agricultures urbaines dans les villes de demain posent question. L’Egypte, qui a connu une urbanisation très rapide au cours du siècle dernier, semble abriter une importante diversité d’exploitations urbaines et périurbaines. La mégalopole du Grand Caire, avec ses 20 millions d’habitants, ne fait pas exception et profite de la présence de fermes, dont une partie contribue à l’approvisionnement en lait de la ville. Relevant de l’économie informelle, la littérature est presque inexistante quant à leurs structures, fonctionnements, dynamiques et perspectives. Cet article décrit les principaux systèmes familiaux du secteur laitier informel du Caire, afin de mieux cerner leurs contraintes et leurs opportunités. Les données collectées au cours d’entretiens auprès de 73 éleveurs du Caire ont permis de réaliser une typologie de ces systèmes en se basant sur leurs caractéristiques structurelles, techniques, familiales et économiques. Deux grandes catégories ont été identifiées : les agroéleveurs intégrant agriculture et élevage, et les éleveurs hors-sol. Chacune de ces catégories a été divisée en deux types, à partir d’un gradient de la taille. Dans tous les cas, la satisfaction des besoins alimentaires familiaux a primé. Le lait de bufflonne était le lait le plus produit et la commercialisation des surplus de lait frais passait par des circuits courts. Bien que rendant des services à la ville, ces exploitations affrontaient de nombreuses contraintes (coûts élevés des intrants agricoles, pression foncière, faible disponibilité des terres agricoles, parmi d’autres) qui remettaient en question leur subsistance à moyen terme.
Epidémiologie de la theilériose tropicale bovine (infection par <em>Theileria annulata</em>) en Tunisie : une synthèse
Authors: Gharbi Mohamed , Rjeibi M. R. , Darghouth M. A. 
Published: May 2017

Le présent article est une revue bibliographique de l’épidémiologie de la theilériose tropicale bovine en Tunisie. C’est une parasitose spécifique due à la présence et à la multiplication dans les phagocytes mononucléés puis dans les érythrocytes d’un protozoaire de la famille des Theileridae, Theileria annulata. Elle est transmise de manière biologique par plusieurs espèces de tiques de la famille des Ixodidae, appartenant au genre Hyalomma. L’implication de trois acteurs très éloignés sur le plan taxonomique est à l’origine d’une maladie dont l’épidémiologie est très complexe. Cette infection évolue selon trois modes enzootiques : (a) l’enzootie stable qui résulte d’un état d’équilibre entre l’hôte et le parasite, (b) l’enzootie instable modérée qui est due à la présence d’une faible population de tiques engendrant des cas cliniques chez des animaux âgés de deux à trois ans, et (c) l’enzootie instable élevée dans laquelle la population de tiques est tellement faible que la probabilité de rencontre entre une tique infectée et un hôte sensible est minime. Le type de situation épidémiologique dans lequel se trouve l’élevage permet de planifier un programme de lutte adapté.
Anxiety, Family Functioning and Neuroendocrine Biomarkers in Obese Children
Authors: Pinto Inês , Wilkinson Simon , Virella Daniel , Alves Marta , Calhau Conceição , Coelho Rui 
Published: May 2017

Introduction: This observational study explores potential links between obese children’s cortisol, and parental mental state, family functioning, and the children’s symptoms of anxiety and depression.Material and Methods: A non-random sample of 104 obese children (55 boys), mean age 10.9 years (standard deviation 1.76), was recruited from a childhood obesity clinic. Obesity was defined as body mass index above the 95th age- and gender-specific percentiles. Neuroendocrine biomarkers were measured. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed with self and parent-reported questionnaires (Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scales; Child Behaviour Checklist). Family functioning was assessed with parent-reported questionnaires (Family Adaptation and Cohesion Scales-III).Results: A significant, negative correlation (rs = -0.779; p = 0.003) between girls’ cortisol and their parents’ anxiety symptoms was found, limited to high functioning families. Boys scored significantly higher than girls on parent-reported internalizing symptoms but not on self-report. No association was found between cortisol in children and parental depressive symptoms.Discussion: Whether the association between cortisol levels in obese children and parental mental health is effectively restricted to girls from high functioning families or is due to study limitations, requires further research. The lack of associations between cortisol in children and parental depressive symptoms, suggests a specific association between cortisol and parental anxiety symptoms.Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of taking into account family functioning, parental mental state and gender, when investigating neuroendocrine biomarkers in obese children associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Surgical Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tears After 65 Years of Age: A Systematic Review
Authors: Silva Bruno Mota , Cartucho António , Sarmento Marco , Moura Nuno 
Published: May 2017

Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze current evidence regarding surgical management of rotator cuff tears in patients of 65 years of age and above. Our hypothesis was that surgical repair of rotator cuff tears, in patients older than 65 years, conveys good outcome scores. We have not found a similar systematic review in current literature.Material and Methods: Medline®, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were searched from January 1999 unto December 2015 for studies, regardless of language, including the words ‘rotator cuff’ and ‘65 years’ or ‘70 years’. Inclusion criteria were studies (level I to IV) that reported clinical outcomes in patients older than 65 years, having undertaken surgical repair of a symptomatic rotator cuff tears. Arthroscopic, mini open and open techniques were included. Exclusion criteria were: studies with patients younger than 65 years, studies that did not use validated outcome evaluation scores as primary assessment tools and those with follow up under one year. This work followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - PRISMA guidelines. Data abstracted included patient demographics, tear pattern, surgical procedures, clinical and repair results. Outcome scores were converted to percentages, allowing comparison of data between studies.Results: After deep analysis, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria: 11 level IV studies, 1 level III study and 2 level II studies. Seven studies found statistically significant outcome improvements between pre and postoperative evaluations. All studies reported good or excellent surgical outcomes.Discussion: Better results would probably be achieved if all studies had rigorous and homogeneous patient selection criteria, but the fact is, that even though this was not the case, the clinical scores remained favorable, and with statistically significant outcome improvement in all studies with prospectively collected data.Conclusion: Based on current literature, rotator cuff repair in patients older than 65 years imparts favorable improvement in clinical outcome scores and overall patient satisfaction.
Geração Y: um estudo sobre suas movimentações, valores e expectativas
Authors: Rudge Marina , Reis Germano Glufke , Nakata Lina , Picchiai Djair 
Published: May 2017

Os profissionais da geração Y (nascidos entre 1978 e 1990) ocupam posições importantes em organizações que operam no Brasil. O objetivo foi verificar se a geração Y permanece menos tempo no emprego na realidade brasileira, e também compreender quais expectativas e valores motivam as suas movimentações. Este estudo adotou uma abordagem metodológica mista, analisando estatisticamente 797 profissionais e conduzindo sete entrevistas em profundidade com executivos da geração Y. Observou-se permanência menor nas empresas por parte da geração Y. Nas entrevistas, verificaram-se as principais influências nas suas movimentações de carreira: oportunidades de crescimento, bom ambiente de trabalho e aspectos emocionais.