bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase of circulating cholesterol in vitamin D deficiency is linked to reduced vitamin D receptor activity via the Insig‐2/SREBP‐2 pathway
Authors: Li Songtao , He Yujie , Lin Song , Hao Liuyi , Ye Yaxin , Lv Lin , Sun Zongxiang , Fan Huiru , Shi Zhiping , Li Jie , Feng Rennan , Na Lixin , Wang Yanwen , Li Ying , Sun Changhao 
Published: December 2015

ScopeIndividuals deficient in vitamin D are more likely to have higher circulating cholesterol levels and cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear.Methods and resultsA cross‐sectional survey, animal study, and in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effect and mechanisms of vitamin D deficiency on endogenous cholesterol metabolism. We demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency was positively associated with an increase of total serum cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in northern Chinese individuals. The vitamin D deficiency‐induced increase of cholesterol concentration was mainly due to enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis rather than reduced catabolism. Under vitamin D deficiency, the transcriptional activity of vitamin D receptor (VDR) was decreased, leading to the downregulation of insulin‐induced gene‐2 (Insig‐2) expression and thus its inhibitory role on sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 2 activation; 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase expression was accordingly increased. Vitamin D3 was protective against vitamin D deficiency‐induced cholesterol increase by maintaining the transcriptional activity of VDR and Insig‐2 expression.ConclusionVitamin D deficiency is associated with the increase of circulating cholesterol in the people of northern China by enhancing hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, which was linked to the reduction of transcriptional activity of VDR.
Partner Abuse of Mothers Compromises Children's Behavioral Functioning Through Maternal Mental Health Dysfunction: Analysis of 300 Mother‐Child Pairs
Authors: Maddoux John A. , Liu Fuqin , Symes Lene , McFarlane Judith , Paulson Rene , Binder Brenda K. , Fredland Nina , Nava Angeles , Gilroy Heidi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPartner violence is associated with numerous negative consequences for victims, especially poor mental health. Children who are exposed to partner violence are more likely to have behavior problems. Nevertheless, research on the relationship between severity of abuse, maternal mental health functioning following partner violence, and child behavior problems is limited. We explored the direct and indirect effects on the child's behavioral functioning of severity of maternal abuse and maternal mental health functioning following abuse. A sample of 300 mothers was recruited when they sought assistance for abuse for the first time at shelters for abused women or at the district attorney's office. Severity of abuse, mothers’ mental health functioning, and child behavioral functioning were measured by maternal self‐report at entry into the study and 4 months later. In SEM analysis, at both entry and 4 months, severity of abuse had a direct effect on maternal mental health functioning, which in turn had a direct effect on child behavioral functioning. The path from severity of abuse to child behavioral functioning also was significant but became non‐ significant once maternal mental health functioning was added to the equation, indicating that the path from severity of abuse to child behavioral functioning was indirect and occurred as a result of the mother's mental health functioning, which remained directly linked to child behavioral problems. Intergenerational interventions are needed to address both maternal mental health and child behavioral functioning when a mother reports partner violence and is experiencing mental health problems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adipose tissue attenuation as a marker of adipose tissue quality: Associations with six‐year changes in body weight
Authors: Therkelsen Kate E. , Pedley Alison , Rosenquist Klara J. , Hoffmann Udo , Massaro Joseph M. , Murabito Joanne M. , Fox Caroline S. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveWeight gain is associated with fat volume increases, but associations with fat quality are less well characterized The associations of weight change with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume and attenuation were investigated.MethodsComputed tomography abdominal scans were acquired on a Framingham Heart Study subset (N = 836; 40.2% women; mean age 45.7 years), a mean of 6.1 years apart. Fat attenuation estimated fat quality.ResultsMean weight change was +2.0 (SD 6.8; IQR −0.7, 5.0) kg in women and +2.7 (SD 6.0; IQR −0.5, 5.4) kg in men. Per 2.5 kg weight increase in women, VAT volume increased 126 cm3 (95% CI, 112–140, p < 0.0001), SAT volume increased 258 cm3 (95% CI, 239–278, p < 0.0001), and fat attenuation decreased (i.e., fat quality worsened) in VAT and SAT (p < 0.0001). Increasing VAT volume was associated with decreasing fat attenuation even after accounting for weight change. Relative to weight‐stable women (n = 129), women who lost >2.5 kg (n = 58) had smaller SAT attenuation decreases (p < 0.0001). Similar patterns were seen in men.ConclusionsWeight gain was associated with decreases in fat attenuation independent of VAT and SAT volume changes. These findings highlighted the associations of weight gain and worsening fat attenuation, suggesting fat attenuation may be dynamic.
Structure‐function relationships of brazzein variants with altered interactions with the human sweet taste receptor
Authors: Singarapu Kiran K. , Tonelli Marco , Markley John L. , Assadi‐Porter Fariba M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBrazzein (Brz) is a small (54 amino acid residue) sweet tasting protein with physical and taste properties superior to other non‐carbohydrate sweeteners. In an investigation of sequence‐dependent functional properties of the protein, we used NMR spectroscopy to determine the three‐dimensional structures and dynamic properties of two Brz variants: one with a single‐site substitution (D40K), which is three‐fold sweeter than wild‐type Brz, and one with a two‐residue insertion between residues 18 and 19 (ins18RI19), which is devoid of sweetness. Although the three‐dimensional folds of the two variants were very similar to wild‐type Brz, they exhibited local conformational and dynamic differences. The D40K substitution abolished the strong inter‐stand H‐bond between the side chains of residues Gln46 and Asp40 present in wild‐type Brz and increased the flexibility of the protein especially at the mutation site. This increased flexibility presumably allows this site to interact more strongly with the G‐protein coupled human sweet receptor. On the other hand, the Arg‐Ile insertion within Loop9–19 leads to distortion of this loop and stiffening of the adjacent site whose flexibility appears to be required for productive interaction with the sweet receptor.
Japanese encephalitis virus invasion of cell: allies and alleys
Authors: Nain Minu , Abdin Malik Z. , Kalia Manjula , Vrati Sudhanshu 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe mosquito‐borne flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), is the leading cause of virus‐induced encephalitis globally and a major public health concern of several countries in Southeast Asia, with the potential to become a global pathogen. The virus is neurotropic, and the disease ranges from mild fever to severe hemorrhagic and encephalitic manifestations and death. The early steps of the virus life cycle, binding, and entry into the cell are crucial determinants of infection and are potential targets for the development of antiviral therapies. JEV can infect multiple cell types; however, the key receptor molecule(s) still remains elusive. JEV also has the capacity to utilize multiple endocytic pathways for entry into cells of different lineages. This review not only gives a comprehensive update on what is known about the virus attachment and receptor system (allies) and the endocytic pathways (alleys) exploited by the virus to gain entry into the cell and establish infection but also discusses crucial unresolved issues. We also highlight common themes and key differences between JEV and other flaviviruses in these contexts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experience with linking greenhouse gas emissions trading systems
Authors: Haites Erik 
Published: December 2015

Two emissions trading systems (ETS) are linked if a participant in one system can use an allowance or a credit issued by either system for compliance. Linking ETS offers a number of potential benefits including, lower overall compliance cost, price protection, greater liquidity in the allowance market, and reduced emissions leakage. It is useful to distinguish: (a) A unilateral link—one ETS accepts the allowances of another ETS for compliance purposes, but not vice versa. Any link to an offset system, such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), is a unilateral link for the ETS that accepts those credits. (b) A bilateral link—each ETS accepts the allowances of the other ETS for compliance purposes. Another way to implement a bilateral link is to adopt a common compliance instrument. The European Union ETS (EU ETS) has a single compliance instrument—the EU allowance—that is used in all 31 participating countries. Several national and subnational jurisdictions have established an ETS for one or more greenhouse gases (GHGs). Some of these ETS also issue offset credits for GHG emission reductions achieved by specified sources. In addition, the international CDM and Joint Implementation (JI) mechanisms issue offset credits for GHG emission reductions. Most ETS have established unilateral links, mainly to the CDM and JI, but also to other ETS. Apart from the systems that are part of the EU ETS and Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) only one bilateral link, between the California and Quebec ETS, has been established. This study summarizes the experience with linking GHG ETS. WIREs Energy Environ 2016, 5:246–260. doi: 10.1002/wene.191This article is categorized under:

Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
Energy and Climate > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Policy and Planning > Climate and Environment
Las preguntas de investigación en educación médica: ¿Recetas de cocina o jazz científico?
Authors: Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor 
Published: December 2015

Las comunidades de profesores y académicos que tienen como campo de acción y de estudio la educación en ciencias de la salud se enfrentan (como en cualquier otra área del conocimiento) al complejo reto de hacer preguntas de investigación adecuadas y pertinentes para generar resultados originales que contribuyan de manera formal al acervo de conocimientos en las ciencias médicas y sociales.
The Development of Statistical Models for Predicting Surgical Site Infections in Japan: Toward a Statistical Model–Based Standardized Infection Ratio
Authors: Fukuda Haruhisa , Kuroki Manabu 
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVETo develop and internally validate a surgical site infection (SSI) prediction model for Japan.DESIGNRetrospective observational cohort study.METHODSWe analyzed surveillance data submitted to the Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system for patients who had undergone target surgical procedures from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2012. Logistic regression analyses were used to develop statistical models for predicting SSIs. An SSI prediction model was constructed for each of the procedure categories by statistically selecting the appropriate risk factors from among the collected surveillance data and determining their optimal categorization. Standard bootstrapping techniques were applied to assess potential overfitting. The C-index was used to compare the predictive performances of the new statistical models with those of models based on conventional risk index variables.RESULTSThe study sample comprised 349,987 cases from 428 participant hospitals throughout Japan, and the overall SSI incidence was 7.0%. The C-indices of the new statistical models were significantly higher than those of the conventional risk index models in 21 (67.7%) of the 31 procedure categories (P<.05). No significant overfitting was detected.CONCLUSIONSJapan-specific SSI prediction models were shown to generally have higher accuracy than conventional risk index models. These new models may have applications in assessing hospital performance and identifying high-risk patients in specific procedure categories.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(3):260–271
The Paleobiology Database application programming interface
Authors: Peters Shanan E. , McClennen Michael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Paleobiology Database (PBDB; https://paleobiodb.org) consists of geographically and temporally explicit, taxonomically identified fossil occurrence data. The taxonomy utilized by the PBDB is not static, but is instead dynamically generated using an algorithm applied to separately managed taxonomic authority and opinion data. The PBDB owes its existence to many individuals, some of whom have entered more than 1.26 million fossil occurrences and over 570,000 taxonomic opinions, and some of whom have developed and maintained supporting infrastructure and analysis tools. Here, we provide an overview of the data model currently used by the PBDB and then briefly describe how this model is exposed via an Application Programming Interface (API). Our objective is to outline how PBDB data can now be accessed within individual scientific workflows, used to develop independently managed educational and scientific applications, and accessed to forge dynamic, near real-time connections to other data resources.
Strontium isotopes and the long-term residency of thalattosuchians in the freshwater environment
Authors: Martin Jeremy E. , Deesri Uthumporn , Liard Romain , Wattanapituksakul Athiwat , Suteethorn Suravech , Lauprasert Komsorn , Tong Haiyan , Buffetaut Eric , Suteethorn Varavudh , Suan Guillaume , Telouk Philippe , Balter Vincent 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThalattosuchians are crocodylomorphs mainly known from marine strata of Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age. They represent the earliest crocodylomorph radiation to an aquatic habitat and their evolutionary history offers very few records from freshwater settings. Here, we report several exquisitely preserved thalattosuchian skulls attributed to a derived teleosaurid from a pedogenic horizon located at the base of a fluvial series of alternating silts and sandstones of the Phu Kradung Formation (Upper Jurassic) of northeastern Thailand. Using laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) on tooth enamel and dentine, we measured isotopic ratios of strontium (87Sr/86Sr) to test the habitat of these teleosaurids. In addition, Sr concentrations of the dental tissues were estimated from the calibrated signal intensities of the Sr isotope measurements. The dataset includes bioapatite (teeth or scales) of eight terrestrial and five aquatic vertebrates. Theropods exhibit lower Sr concentrations both in enamel and dentine compared to others groups, a pattern in accordance with the calcium biopurification process, which predicts that Sr concentrations in the body of vertebrates decrease up the trophic chain. It also excludes the possibility that diagenesis has completely overprinted the Sr isotope compositions of the fossil assemblage, which exhibits a homogeneous87Sr/86Sr signature above the Late Jurassic seawater value. Values for teleosaurid teeth are in the range of other values for vertebrates in the continental assemblage and imply that these crocodylomorphs did not migrate between freshwater and marine habitats at least in the time constraint of the mineralizing tooth. This result represents the first demonstration that a population of teleosaurids was established for a prolonged time in a freshwater environment. Whether the ability of teleosaurids to inhabit freshwater habitats is a secondary adaptation or whether it is plesiomorphic and inherited from freshwater ancestors is discussed.
Dietary iron concentration influences serum concentrations of manganese in rats consuming organic or inorganic sources of manganese
Authors: Zhang Huaiyong , Gilbert Elizabeth R. , Pan Shuqin , Zhang Keying , Ding Xuemei , Wang Jianping , Zeng Qiufeng , Bai Shiping 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTo determine the effects of dietary Fe concentration on Mn bioavailability in rats fed inorganic or organic Mn sources, fifty-four 22-d-old male rats were randomly assigned and fed a basal diet (2·63 mg Fe/kg) supplemented with 0 (low Fe (L-Fe)), 35 (adequate Fe (A-Fe)) or 175 (high Fe (H-Fe)) mg Fe/kg with 10 mg Mn/kg from MnSO4 or Mn–lysine chelate (MnLys). Tissues were harvested after 21 d of feeding. Serum Mn was greater (P<0·05) in MnLys rats than in MnSO4 rats, and in L-Fe rats than in A-Fe or H-Fe rats. Duodenal divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) mRNA was lower (P<0·05) in H-Fe rats than in A-Fe rats for the MnSO4 treatment; however, no significant difference was observed between them for MnLys. Liver DMT1 mRNA abundance was greater (P<0·05) in MnSO4 than in the MnLys group for H-Fe rats. The DMT1 protein in duodenum and liver and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) protein in liver was greater (P<0·05) in the MnSO4 group than in the MnLys group, and in L-Fe rats than in H-Fe rats. Duodenal FPN1 protein was greater (P<0·05) in L-Fe rats than in A-Fe rats for the MnLys treatment, but it was not different between them for the MnSO4 treatment. Results suggest that MnLys increased serum Mn concentration as compared with MnSO4 in rats irrespective of dietary Fe concentration, which was not because of the difference in DMT1 and FPN1 expression in the intestine and liver.
Is there a mismatch between who gets iron supplementation and who needs it? A cross-sectional study of iron supplements, iron deficiency anaemia and socio-economic status in Australia
Authors: Callander Emily J. , Schofield Deborah J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFe deficiency anaemia (IDA) is more prevalent in lower socio-economic groups; however, little is known about who actually receives Fe supplements. This paper aims to determine whether the groups most likely to have IDA are the most likely to be taking Fe supplements. Logistic regression analysis was conducted using the cross-sectional, nationally representative National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey and National Health Measures Survey. After adjusting for other factors, those whose main language spoken at home was not English had twice the odds of having IDA compared with those whose main language spoken at home was English (95 % CI 1·00, 4·32). Those who were not in the labour force also had twice the odds of having IDA as those who were employed (95 % CI 1·16, 3·41). Those in income quintile 1 had 3·7 times the odds of having IDA compared with those in income quintile 5 (95 % CI 1·42, 9·63). Those whose main language spoken at home was not English were significantly less likely to take Fe supplements (P=0·002) than those whose main language spoken at home was English. There was no significant difference in the likelihood of taking Fe supplements between those who were not in the labour force and those who were employed (P=0·618); between those who were in income quintile 1 and in higher income quintiles; and between males and females (P=0·854), after adjusting for other factors. There is a mismatch between those who are most in need of Fe supplements and those who currently receive them.
Yeast one-hybrid screening the potential regulator of CYP6B6 overexpression ofHelicoverpa armigeraunder 2-tridecanone stress
Authors: Zhao J. , Liu X.N. , Li F. , Zhuang S.Z. , Huang L.N. , Ma J. , Gao X.W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn insect, the cytochrome P450 plays a pivotal role in detoxification to toxic allelochemicals.Helicoverpa armigeracan tolerate and survive in 2-tridecanone treatment owing to theCYP6B6responsive expression, which is controlled by some regulatory DNA sequences and transcription regulators. Therefore, the 2-tridecanone responsive region and transcription regulators of theCYP6B6are responsible for detoxification of cotton bollworm. In this study, we used yeast one-hybrid to screen two potential transcription regulators of theCYP6B6fromH. armigerathat respond to the plant secondary toxicant 2-tridecanone, which were named Prey1 and Prey2, respectively. According to the NCBI database blast, Prey1 is the homology with FK506 binding protein (FKBP) ofManduca sextaandBombyx morithat belongs to the FKBP-C superfamily, while Prey2 may be a homology of an unknown protein ofPapilioor the fcaL24 protein homology ofB. mori. The electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that the FKBP of prokaryotic expression could specifically bind to the active region of theCYP6B6promoter. After the 6th instar larvae ofH. armigerareared on 2-tridecanone artificial diet, we found there were similar patterns ofCYP6B6andFKBPexpression of the cotton bollworm treated with 10 mg g−12-tridecanone for 48 h, which correlation coefficient was the highest (0.923). Thus, the FKBP is identified as a strong candidate for regulation of the CYP6B6 expression, when the cotton bollworm is treated with 2-tridecanone. This may lead us to a better understanding of transcriptional mechanism ofCYP6B6and provide very useful information for the pest control.
Population dynamics and management of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) in China: the relative contributions of climate, natural enemies and cropping patterns
Authors: Li Z. , Zalucki M.P. , Yonow T. , Kriticos D.J. , Bao H. , Chen H. , Hu Z. , Feng X. , Furlong M.J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDiamondback moth or DBM is the major pest of Brassica vegetable production worldwide. Control has relied on insecticides, and DBM resistance to these compounds has evolved rapidly. We review and summarize data on DBM population dynamics across a large latitudinal gradient from southwest to northeast China: DBM is, on average, more common in southern locations than in northern locations. The species' phenology is consistent: in southern and central locations there is a decline during hot summer months, while in the north, the species can only exist in the summer following migrations from the south. A cohort-based discrete-time model, driven by daily maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall, which was built using the DYMEX modelling software, captures the age-structured population dynamics of DBM at representative locations, with year round cropping and threshold-based insecticide applications. The scale of the simulated pest problem varies with cropping practices. Local production breaks and strict post-harvest crop hygiene are associated with lower DBM populations. Biological control appears to improve the management of DBM. Of the management strategies explored, non-threshold based applications of insecticides with reduced spray efficacy (due to poor application or resistance) appear the least effective. The model simulates the phenology and abundance patterns in the population dynamics across the climatic gradient in China reasonably well. With planned improvements, and backed by a system of field sampling and weather inputs, it should serve well as a platform for a local pest forecast system, spanning the range of DBM in China, and perhaps elsewhere.
Informational Content of Options Trading on Acquirer Announcement Return
Authors: Chan Konan , Ge Li , Lin Tse-Chun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study examines the informational content of options trading on acquirer announcement returns. We show that implied volatility spread predicts positively on the cumulative abnormal return (CAR), and implied volatility skew predicts negatively on the CAR. The predictability is much stronger around actual merger and acquisition (M&A) announcement days, as compared with pseudo-event days. The prediction is weaker if pre-M&A stock price has incorporated part of the information, but stronger if the acquirer’s options trading is more liquid. Finally, we find that a higher relative trading volume of options to stock predicts higher absolute CARs. The relation also exists among the target firms.