bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the association between consumption of sugar‐containing beverages and excess weight gain among children under age 12
Authors: Frantsve‐Hawley Julie , Bader James D. , Welsh Jean A. , Wright J. Timothy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveA systematic review was conducted to address this clinical question: Does consumption of (non‐dairy) sugar‐containing beverages (SCBs) among children under age 12 result in excess weight gain?MethodsThe authors searched four databases for controlled trials (randomized and non‐randomized) and cohort studies published in English through March 29, 2016: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL. Initial and full‐text screening, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and in duplicate.ResultsThirty‐eight studies met inclusion criteria for this systematic review. One was a randomized controlled trial, and 37 were cohort studies. Though the results of these studies were mixed, the majority demonstrated a statistically significant positive association between SCB consumption in children under age 12 and total adiposity and central adiposity. In contrast, most studies that assessed 100 percent fruit juice consumption only with either total adiposity or central adiposity did not support an association. Among only children under age 5 at baseline, no studies examined central adiposity, but nearly all studies examining SCBs and total adiposity, and a majority examining only fruit juice consumption, demonstrated a statistically significant positive association.ConclusionOur results support a statistically significant positive association between SCBs and total and central adiposity among children under age 12. This association is most consistent for total adiposity among children <5. Our results for 100 percent fruit juice only suggest differences by age, as most studies among those < 12 were negative but most among those <5 were positive.
Effects of high amylose corn starch and microbial transglutaminase on the textural and microstructural properties of wheat flour composite gels at high temperatures
Authors: Shahsavani Mojarrad Lida , Rafe Ali , Sadeghian Alireza , Niazmand Razieh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTextural and microstructural properties of composite gels (CGs), along with wheat flour and high amylose corn starch (Hylon VII) mixed with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at different levels and temperatures were investigated. The results showed by increasing Hylon starch content, the firmness increased and adhesiveness decreased. Indeed, high level of amylose and cross‐linking formed by MTGase enhanced the gel elasticity and reduced adhesiveness. Moreover, MTGase had more effect on the firmness and provided more cross‐linked intermolecular gel structures at high temperatures. By adding MTGase to the CG, the lowest peak viscosity and final viscosity were found for 15% of Hylon starch. As the more Hylon content in the CG, the more water solubility index was particularly obtained at high temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that MTGase and Hylon starch addition enhanced the structure. The differences in SEM of CG were reflected the pasting properties of the gels. Consequently, MTGase treated gels can withstand high temperature as well as maintain the overall structure of the samples gels. Therefore, the increment of Hylon to the CG gels supplied tighter, stronger, and denser protein network which were formed by MTGase cross‐linking within the network of starch and proteins.Practical applicationsAlthough, transglutaminase was practically used in the production of noodles and pasta in Japan, but there is little academic and industrial knowledge concerning its utilization in the pasta or noodles. Moreover, long shelf‐life noodle/pasta products have become popular in the Japanese market and in the emergency conditions like as floods or earthquake, but they can be stored for at least 5 months by applying heat treatment at 95C. Here, high amylose corn starch as a resistant starch, wheat flour, and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were selected as the main components in the composite gel (CG) systems to elucidate the effects of MTGase and Hylon on the texture, microstructure, and pasting behavior of CGs at high temperatures to produce long‐life noodle/pasta products (about 2 years) through retort processing.
A comparison of the lubrication behavior of whey protein model foods using tribology in linear and elliptical movement
Authors: Campbell Caroline L. , Foegeding E. Allen , van de Velde Fred 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLubrication is an important factor in the sensory evaluation of food products. Tribology provides a theoretical framework and instrumental methods for evaluating frictional properties between two moving surfaces and the lubrication behavior of products between these surfaces. Relating frictional measurements to sensory properties detected during oral processing requires careful and pertinent choices in surface materials and testing conditions. The aims of this study were to investigate: (a) differences in lubrication behavior of a range of food textures and (b) the differences between linear and elliptical movement and added saliva to understand the contribution of food structure to friction. Six whey protein model food samples, ranging in texture from fluid to semisolid to soft solid, were analyzed using a pin on disk tribometer to determine the coefficient of friction (COF) across a range of sliding speeds. The samples were analyzed in their initial form and post‐oral processing (n = 4) in both linear and elliptical movements. Elliptical movement slightly decreased coefficients of friction and extended the shape of the friction curve. Increases in test food viscosity decreased the COF but differences in viscosity were not apparent when test foods were mixed with saliva. Data correction for viscosity shifted the friction curves horizontally, indicating that lubrication had a greater impact upon friction than viscosity. This study provides initial insights for further comparison of linear and elliptical movement with a variety of sample compositions.Practical applicationsSensory perception of smoothness and creaminess are often major contributors to overall hedonic food liking and are a major reason why products high in fat and sugar are more highly preferred over other foods. These parameters are influenced by friction and lubrication between the tongue, palate, teeth, food products, and saliva during oral processing. Tribology provides an instrumental method to evaluate friction between moving surfaces that mimic oral surfaces and the lubrication behavior of foods. Trends in frictional measurements can be correlated with sensory ratings of the same foods to better understand why preferences exist for certain foods or food compositions and how to effectively improve the acceptability and enjoyment of healthier foods.
A Multilevel Analysis of Unemployment in Egypt
Authors: Bertoni Eleonora , Ricchiuti Giorgio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDespite its recent economic development, Egypt's employment inequalities among gender and different age cohorts are still an unresolved issue. In this work we apply a Multilevel Generalized Linear Mixed Model to the Egyptian Labor Market Panel Survey 2006 (ELMPS 2006) and 2012 (ELMPS 2012). By exploiting the hierarchical structure of the survey data, we investigate how the interplay between individual characteristics and regional context affects Egyptians’ individual probability of being unemployed. Moreover, we attempt to identify if and how these same characteristics have changed between 2006 and 2012 as a consequence of the major changes that re‐shaped Egyptian demographics, labor market structure, and young cohorts’ educational achievements.
Selection of sites for establishing aquaculture parks, and estimation of fish production carrying capacity, for a tropical reservoir in South America
Authors: Canzi Carla , Roubach Rodrigo , Benassi Simone F. , Matos Flávia T. , Motter Irineu , Bueno Guilherme W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractActions facilitating the reconciliation of multiple uses of a reservoir with electric power generation should be implemented so as to avoid conflicts and support the best development of the water resource. In view of the fish production potential existing in Itaipu Reservoir, the objective of this study was to select areas considered adequate for establishing aquaculture parks by means of integrated and ordered planning that respect the carrying capacity of the environment. This study was carried out in the branches of the São Francisco Falso, São Francisco Verdadeiro and Ocoí rivers in the Paraná Basin draining to Itaipu Reservoir. Using the Dillon and Rigler eutrophication model, the carrying capacity and estimated production were 2537, 2554 and 1569 t yr−1 in the respective branches. The percentages of occupation of each aquaculture park, taking into consideration the maximum area of dilution and safety level for the reservoir operation, were 0.46%, 0.48% and 0.09% for the three branches, respectively. It was concluded that the aquaculture activity could be promoted in a sustainable manner under constant monitoring of water quality and production parameters in accordance with a management programme, combined with planning of these aquaculture areas in a manner that ensured the application of physical limits for the carrying capacity established in this study.
Body Image Models among Low‐income African American Mothers and Daughters in the Southeast United States
Authors: Thomas Martina , DeCaro Jason A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObesity among low‐income African American women has been studied using the concepts of both satisfaction and acceptance. The satisfaction frame suggests greater satisfaction with their bodies than their white counterparts, irrespective of size. The acceptance frame suggests that alternative aesthetics serve as resistance against intersectional marginalization. Yet, while these women accept their body size in defiance of thinness ideals, they may not be satisfied. We describe cultural models of body image among mothers and daughters in Alabama. We found that respectability, material consumption, and parental support were important factors determining positive body image, exceeding descriptions of physical features. We further found that those expressing greater body dissatisfaction emphasized respectability, whereas those with less dissatisfaction assigned importance to consumerism and physical form. These findings suggest divergences between biomedical messaging and lived experience. They also challenge uncritical or universalist applications of these frames when interpreting African American women's perceptions of their own bodies.
Early Middle Ordovician scolecodonts from north‐western Argentina and the emergence of labidognath polychaete jaw apparatuses
Authors: Hints Olle , Tonarová Petra , Eriksson Mats E. , Rubinstein Claudia V. , de la Puente G. Susana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractScolecodonts provide fossil evidence of the evolution and diversification of jaw‐bearing polychaetes from the latest Cambrian onwards. However, their record before the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) is scarce worldwide, which limits our understanding of key evolutionary events. One such event is the emergence of taxa possessing the asymmetrical labidognath‐type jaw apparatus architecture, which became common in the Middle Ordovician and is often dominant throughout the Palaeozoic. Here, we document a small collection of Dapingian scolecodonts from the Capillas section, Sierras Subandinas, north‐western Argentina. The isolated elements recovered allowed us to reconstruct the distinctive jaw apparatus, and to introduce a new taxon, Andiprion paxtonae gen. et sp. nov. The maxillary apparatus of Andiprion is intermediate between the symmetrognath type of the Early Ordovician Kadriorgaspis and the labidognath type that is present in polychaetaspids and related taxa. The apparatus architecture of Andiprion corresponds best to the labidognath type, but the morphology of the individual jaws suggests that it may be the most primitive representative of this lineage currently known. We propose that Andiprion‐like forms were ancestral to polychaetaspids, polychaeturids and ramphoprionids. The Capillas collection provides supporting evidence for the evolutionary homology of the ‘basal plate’ and the left first maxilla. Thus the labidognath‐type asymmetry, with an unpaired left maxilla III, developed as a result of gradual reduction in size of the first right jaw (‘basal plate’) in front of the carriers, instead of loss or fusion of anterior maxillae.
Evidence for Central Sensitization in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: La Touche Roy , Paris‐Alemany Alba , Hidalgo‐Pérez Amanda , López‐de‐Uralde‐Villanueva Ibai , Angulo‐Diaz‐Parreño Santiago , Muñoz‐García Daniel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesSeveral authors have evaluated different pain measurements, including quantitative sensory testing (QST), temporal summation (TS), and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in order to determine the presence of central sensitization (CS) and its influence on patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Since there are no convincing studies about this topic, the purpose of this study was to conduct a review of the studies involving CS‐related measures in TMD patients.MethodsA meta‐analysis of case‐control and cohort/cross sectional studies was conducted. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for relevant QST outcomes and pooled in a meta‐analysis using the random effects model. Twenty‐two studies (eleven case‐control and eleven cross sectional studies) met the inclusion criteria; eight were included in the meta‐analysis (five cross‐sectional and three case‐control). Patients with TMD had decreased pressure pain thresholds in both trigeminal (five studies; n = 1,985; SMD = −1.55, 95% CI −2.23 to −0.77; P < 0.01) and remote areas (five studies; n = 1,985; SMD = −1.92, 95% CI −2.95 to −0.89; P < 0.01). When analyzing for thermal hyperalgesia (hot and cold pain thresholds), differences were not found in trigeminal areas or remote areas in patients with TMD. The TS qualitative analysis showed strong evidence of spinal hyperexcitability for mechanically evoked pain.ConclusionThese meta‐analyses support the existence of differences in widespread pressure pain sensitivity in patients with TMD when compared with asymptomatic subjects. Spinal and central hyperexcitability can be found in TMD patients as shown by an increase in mechanical TS.
Over‐expression of mutated ZmDA1 or ZmDAR1 gene improves maize kernel yield by enhancing starch synthesis
Authors: Xie Guangning , Li Zhaoxia , Ran Qijun , Wang Hui , Zhang Juren 
Published: May 2017

SummaryGrain weight and grain number are important crop yield determinants. DA1 and DAR1 are the ubiquitin receptors that function as the negative regulators of cell proliferation during development in Arabidopsis. An arginine to lysine mutant at amino acid site 358 could lead to the da1‐1 phenotype, which results in an increased organ size and larger seeds. In this study, the mutated ZmDA1 (Zmda1) and mutated ZmDAR1 (Zmdar1) driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter were separately introduced into maize elite inbred line DH4866. The grain yield of the transgenic plants was 15% greater than that of the wild‐type in 3 years of field trials due to improvements in the grain number, weight and starch content. Interestingly, the over‐expression of Zmda1 and Zmdar1 promoted kernel development, resulting in a more developed basal endosperm transfer cell layer (BETL) than WT and enhanced expression of starch synthase genes. This study suggests that the over‐expression of the mutated ZmDA1 or ZmDAR1 genes improves the sugar imports into the sink organ and starch synthesis in maize kernels.
Long‐term outcomes of de novo autoimmune hepatitis in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Ekong Udeme D. , McKiernan Patrick , Martinez Mercedes , Lobritto Steven , Kelly Deirdre , Ng Vicky L. , Alonso Estella M. , Avitzur Yaron 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe long‐term course and outcome of DAIH is unknown. A retrospective multicenter study assessing associations and long‐term consequences of DAIH developing in a transplanted allograft is presented. Children with DAIH were followed from diagnosis until death, re‐LT, or transfer of care and for a minimum of 1 year. A total of 31 patients of 1833 (1.7%) LT were identified; 29 followed for a median of 7.1 years (range, 1.6‐15); 52% had no rejection preceding diagnosis of DAIH. Transaminases fell following treatment with steroids and antimetabolites (ALT 108 vs 39 U/L (P=.002); AST 112 vs 52 U/L (P=.003); GGT 72 vs 36 U/L (P=.03), but this was not universally sustained. Transaminases >2X ULN observed in 38% of patients at last follow‐up; commonly GGT, attributed to bile duct injury and ductopenia. Portal hypertension (PHT) was seen in four patients and associated with severe fibrosis and cirrhosis. Re‐LT occurred in two patients for chronic rejection (CR) and uncontrolled PHT with gastrointestinal bleeding, respectively. No deaths from DAIH were reported. DAIH is an uncommon complication following pediatric LT requiring prolonged and augmented immunosuppression. It is associated with continued allograft dysfunction and may lead to bile duct injury, CR, and PHT necessitating re‐LT.
Biochemical characterization and structural analysis of trypsin from Plodia interpunctella midgut: implication of determinants in extremely alkaline pH activity profile
Authors: Hemmati Seyed A. , Sajedi Reza H. , Moharramipour Saeid , Taghdir Majid , Rahmani Hossein , Etezad Seyed M. , Mehrabadi Mohammad 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the present study, trypsin from Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) is characterized to discover sequence, biochemical and structural features. This enzyme is purified by ion exchange chromatography using fast protein liquid chromatography on proteins from fifth‐instar larvae. The enzyme is optimally active at 50 °C and pH 11.0. The kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of the enzyme are 5.3 ± 0.6 µm and 31 ± 1.3 nmol min−1 mg−1, respectively (using Nα‐benzoyl‐l‐arginine ρ‐nitroanilide hydrochloride as substrate). The enzyme is inhibited by the addition of Cu2+ and Mn2+, whereas it is activated by Li+ at high concentrations. Moreover, the enzyme is almost completely inhibited in the presence of Nα‐tosyl‐l‐lysine chloromethyl ketone hydrochloride and phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride. To understand some characteristics of P. interpunctella trypsin, including active site structure and alkaline pH profile, a reliable structural model of P. interpunctella trypsin is built based on the Fusarium oxisporum (Schlecht) trypsin cystal structure (Protein Data Bank code: 1GDU). The secondary structure content of the purified trypsin from near‐ultraviolet circular dichroism data shows considerable similarities with that of P. interpunctella trypsin predicted structure. Analysis of pKa values of active site residues, a type of amino acid residue in the active site cleft and the surface charges of the model and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) trypsin structure as an insect species from different orders reveals some differences between them. These differences might effect on the microenvironment of the active site cleft and consequently shift its pH profile. The application of multiple theoretical and experimental techniques is well adapted to predict the enzyme structure with high accuracy and this could help in the design of a powerful inhibitor for trypsin with ideal properties.
Bias‐Corrected Estimation in Continuous Sampling Plans
Authors: Decrouez Geoffrey , Robinson Andrew 
Published: May 2017

AbstractContinuous sampling plans (CSPs) are algorithms used for monitoring and maintaining the quality of a production line. Although considerable work has been done on the development of CSPs, to our knowledge, there has been no corresponding effort in developing estimators with good statistical properties for data arising from a CSP inspection process. For example, information about the failure rate of the process will affect the management of the process, both in terms of selecting appropriate CSP parameters to keep the failure rate after inspection at a suitable level, and in terms of policy, for example, whether the process should be completely inspected, or shut down. The motivation for this exercise was developing sampling protocols for Australia's Department of Agriculture and Water Resources for monitoring the biosecurity compliance of incoming goods at international borders. In this study, we show that maximum likelihood estimation of the failure rate under a sampling scheme can be biased depending on when estimation is performed, and we provide explicit expressions for the main contribution of the bias under various CSPs. We then construct bias‐corrected estimators and confidence intervals, and evaluate their performance in a numerical study.
Incremental Sampling Methodology: Applications for Background Screening Assessments
Authors: Pooler Penelope S. , Goodrum Philip E. , Crumbling Deana , Stuchal Leah D. , Roberts Stephen M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article presents the findings from a numerical simulation study that was conducted to evaluate the performance of alternative statistical analysis methods for background screening assessments when data sets are generated with incremental sampling methods (ISMs). A wide range of background and site conditions are represented in order to test different ISM sampling designs. Both hypothesis tests and upper tolerance limit (UTL) screening methods were implemented following U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidance for specifying error rates. The simulations show that hypothesis testing using two‐sample t‐tests can meet standard performance criteria under a wide range of conditions, even with relatively small sample sizes. Key factors that affect the performance include unequal population variances and small absolute differences in population means. UTL methods are generally not recommended due to conceptual limitations in the technique when applied to ISM data sets from single decision units and due to insufficient power given standard statistical sample sizes from ISM.
Industrial Safety and Utopia: Insights from the Fukushima Daiichi Accident
Authors: Travadel Sébastien , Guarnieri Franck , Portelli Aurélien 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFeedback from industrial accidents is provided by various state or even international, institutions, and lessons learned can be controversial. However, there has been little research into organizational learning at the international level. This article helps to fill the gap through an in‐depth review of official reports of the Fukushima Daiichi accident published shortly after the event. We present a new method to analyze the arguments contained in these voluminous documents. Taking an intertextual perspective, the method focuses on the accident narratives, their rationale, and links between “facts,” “causes,” and “recommendations.” The aim is to evaluate how the findings of the various reports are consistent with (or contradict) “institutionalized knowledge,” and identify the social representations that underpin them. We find that although the scientific controversy surrounding the results of the various inquiries reflects different ethical perspectives, they are integrated into the same utopian ideal. The involvement of multiple actors in this controversy raises questions about the public construction of epistemic authority, and we highlight the special status given to the International Atomic Energy Agency in this regard.