bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TNF Signaling in Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells: Pivotal Role of CflipL
Authors: Lüdemann Willie M. , Heide Danijela , Kihm Lars , Zeier Martin , Scheurich Peter , Schwenger Vedat , Ranzinger Julia 
Published: January 2017

Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD) coincides with high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in the peritoneal cavity. During treatment, chronic inflammatory processes lead to damage of the peritoneal membrane and a subsequent ultrafiltration failure. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) play a central role as mediators and targets of PD-related inflammatory changes. Although TNF Receptor 1 (TNFR1) is expressed in high numbers on the cells, TNF-induced apoptosis is inhibited. Here, the underlying molecular mechanisms of TNFR1 signaling in HPMCs are investigated. Methods Human peritoneal mesothelial cells were isolated from the omentum of healthy donors and the dialysis solution of PD patients. Flow cytometry was applied to determine cell surface expression of TNFR1 on HPMCS from healthy donors in absence or presence of TNF or PD fluid (PDF) and were compared to TNFR1 expression on cells from PD patients. To investigate TNFR1- mediated signaling, HPMCs were treated with PDF or TNF, and expression patterns of proteins involved in the TNFR1 signaling pathway were assessed by western blot. Results Incubation with PDF led to a significant up-regulation of TNFR1 on the cell surface correlating with elevated TNFR1 numbers on HPMCs from PD patients. Investigations of under-lying molecular mechanisms of TNFR1 signaling showed that PDF affects TNFR1 signaling at the proapoptotic signaling pathway by upregulation of IκBα and downregulation of cFLIPL. In contrast, TNF exclusively induces the activation of NFκB by an increase of phosphorylated IκBα. Conclusions Novel and relevant insights into the mechanisms of TNFR1-mediated signaling in HPMCs with an impact on our understanding of PD-associated damage of the peritoneal membrane are shown.
Improved Outcome of Enteric Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Aged 50 Years and Older with Temporary Discontinuation of Peritoneal Dialysis and Intravenous Meropenem
Authors: Abrahams Alferso C. , Rüger Wim , ter Wee Pieter M. , van Ittersum Frans J. , Boer Walther H. 
Published: January 2017

Background Peritonitis is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and technique failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, especially when caused by enteric microorganisms (EM). We have implemented a treatment protocol specifically aimed at improving the outcome in EM peritonitis. The adapted protocol was applied in all PD patients 50 years and older presenting with peritonitis who were considered to be at risk of EM peritonitis and involves 3 interventions: 1) temporary discontinuation of PD without removing the catheter (peritoneal rest), 2) intravenous meropenem, and 3) meropenem intracatheter as lock (Mero-PerRest protocol). Methods In this observational study, we compared the outcome of 203 peritonitis episodes in 71 patients treated with the Mero-PerRest protocol, with 217 episodes in 104 patients treated with a more traditional intraperitoneal gentamicin-rifampicin-based regimen. Results In EM peritonitis episodes, the Mero-PerRest protocol resulted in a higher primary cure rate (90.0% vs 65.3%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46 – 14.15]) and better technique survival (90.0% vs 69.4%, adjusted OR 3.41 [95% CI 1.07 – 10.87]). This effect was most distinct in patients with polymicrobial EM peritonitis (cure rate 87.5% vs 34.8%, p = 0.0003). Interestingly, primary cure rate (95.6% vs 84.7%, adjusted OR 3.92 [95% CI 1.37 – 11.19]) and technique survival (95.6% vs 85.6%, adjusted OR 3.60 [95% CI 1.25 – 10.32]) were also excellent in non-EM peritonitis episodes. Patient survival did not differ significantly. Conclusion The poor outcome of peritonitis caused by EM in PD patients aged 50 years and older could be improved by applying a treatment protocol involving temporary discontinuation of PD without catheter removal and intravenous and intracatheter meropenem.
Endodontics and forensic personal identification: An update
Authors: Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDental identification of a deceased individual is a core task in forensic odontology. The accurate recording of clinical dental procedures has become more important over time because of the increasing trend of lawsuits worldwide. Previous reports have discussed the practical usefulness of endodontic evidence for human identification. Advances in endodontic imaging, root and root canal anatomy, and biomaterials have been consistently emerging in endodontic research and practice. This article provides an update on the interrelationship between endodontics and forensic personal identification.
Assessment of maxillary labial frenum morphology in primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions in Wardha district
Authors: Thosar Nilima , Murarka Priti , Baliga Sudhindra , Rathi Nilesh 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Background: Frenal attachments are folds of mucous membrane enclosed with muscle fibers that attach the lips to the alveolar mucosa and underlying periosteum. They mostly go unnoticed by the dentist during the oral examination of the patient. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate maxillary labial frenum morphology in primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions among schoolchildren in Wardha district. Materials and Methods: Thousand healthy school children between 3 and 14 years of age were included in this study. The maxillary labial frenum was examined using direct visual method and classified according to Sewerin′s typology. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using Chi-square test. Results: Simple frenum (88.3%) was found to be the most common maxillary labial frenum. No sex-wise or dentition-wise differences were found in frenum morphology. Statistically significant difference was seen with persistent tectolabial labial frenum (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Simple frenum was found to be the most prevalent maxillary labial frenum morphology. Dentists should give due importance for frenum assessment during oral examination of children.
Pattern of tooth discoloration and care-seeking behavior among adolescents in an underserved rural community in Nigeria
Authors: Ibiyemi Olushola , Ibiyemi Titilola Sarah , Taiwo Juliana Obontu 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the pattern of tooth discoloration and care-seeking behavior among adolescents in a Nigerian community. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was carried out among 384 adolescents in Idere, Southwestern Nigeria. The questionnaire comprised questions on sociodemographic data, presence of tooth discoloration, and care-seeking behavior. Two calibrated examiners examined the labial and buccal surfaces of the teeth for the presence of tooth discoloration. Frequencies and bar charts were generated, and Chi-square test was used to test the association between categorical variables at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 14.7 ± 2.3 years, comprising 222 (57.8%) and 162 (42.2%) in junior and senior secondary schools, respectively. Intraoral examination revealed 167 (43.9%) had discolored teeth while 127 (33.1%) perceived that they had discolored teeth. Extrinsic stains were the major cause of tooth discoloration in both anterior and posterior teeth (18%-84%) except in upper anterior teeth where enamel hypoplasia was the major cause (20%-30%). Among participants who perceived that they had tooth discoloration, 81.9% mentioned that they did not know that the discoloration can be treated. Older participants had more discolored teeth than their counterparts (P = 0.01). Age group, sex, and class of participants were associated with frequency of tooth brushing (P < 0.05). Participants who had anterior or intrinsic tooth discoloration sought care more often than those with posterior or extrinsic tooth discoloration (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Extrinsic staining was the major cause of tooth discoloration. Many adolescents did not know that the discoloration can be treated.
The Oseen Type Finite Element Iterative Method for the Stationary Incompressible Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Dong Xiaojing , He Yinnian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this article, by applying the Stokes projection and an orthogonal projection with respect to curl and div operators, some new error estimates of finite element method (FEM) for the stationary incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) are obtained. To our knowledge, it is the first time to establish the error bounds which are explicitly dependent on the Reynolds numbers, coupling number and mesh size. On the other hand, The uniform stability and convergence of an Oseen type finite element iterative method for MHD with respect to high hydrodynamic Reynolds numberReand magnetic Reynolds numberRm, or smallδ=1–σwith(C0,C1are constants depending only on Ω andFis related to the source terms of equations) are analyzed under the condition that. Finally, some numerical tests are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm.
Structure-Preserving Wavelet Algorithms for the Nonlinear Dirac Model
Authors: Qian Xu , Fu Hao , Song Songhe 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe nonlinear Dirac equation is an important model in quantum physics with a set of conservation laws and a multi-symplectic formulation. In this paper, we propose energy-preserving and multi-symplectic wavelet algorithms for this model. Meanwhile, we evidently improve the efficiency of these algorithms in computations via splitting technique and explicit strategy. Numerical experiments are conducted during long-term simulations to show the excellent performances of the proposed algorithms and verify our theoretical analysis.
Using Active Learning to Identify Health Information Technology Related Patient Safety Events
Authors: Fong Allan , Howe Jessica , Adams Katharine , Ratwani Raj 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe widespread adoption of health information technology (HIT) has led to new patient safety hazards that are often difficult to identify. Patient safety event reports, which are self-reported descriptions of safety hazards, provide one view of potential HIT-related safety events. However, identifying HIT-related reports can be challenging as they are often categorized under other more predominate clinical categories. This challenge of identifying HIT-related reports is exacerbated by the increasing number and complexity of reports which pose challenges to human annotators that must manually review reports. In this paper, we apply active learning techniques to support classification of patient safety event reports as HIT-related. We evaluated different strategies and demonstrated a 30% increase in average precision of a confirmatory sampling strategy over a baseline no active learning approach after 10 learning iterations.
Retroperitoneal Spread of Fournier's Gangrene: A Rare but Fatal Presentation
Authors: Goel Apoorv , Bansal Roli 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Fournier's gangrene is severe infective necrotizing fasciitis of the external genitalia predominantly in elderly males. It is usually associated with septic shock and multiorgan failure. A 55-yearold male presented with scrotal edema, pain, and redness over lower abdominal wall and both flanks with features of sepsis and ileus. Intraoperative findings were suggestive of extensive necrotizing fasciitis of scrotum spreading to both inguinal region, right lateral parietal wall, and right psoas muscle.

How to cite this article
Goel A, Bansal R. Retroperitoneal Spread of Fournier's Gangrene: A Rare but Fatal Presentation. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(3):166-168.
Tropical temperature variability and Kelvin-wave activity in the UTLS from GPS RO measurements
Authors: Scherllin-Pirscher Barbara , Randel William J. , Kim Joowan 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Tropical temperature variability over 10–30 km and associated Kelvin-wave activity are investigated using GPS radio occultation (RO) data from January 2002 to December 2014. RO data are a powerful tool for quantifying tropical temperature oscillations with short vertical wavelengths due to their high vertical resolution and high accuracy and precision. Gridded temperatures from GPS RO show the strongest variability in the tropical tropopause region (on average 3 K2). Large-scale zonal variability is dominated by transient sub-seasonal waves (2 K2), and about half of sub-seasonal variance is explained by eastward-traveling Kelvin waves with periods of 4 to 30 days (1 K2). Quasi-stationary waves associated with the annual cycle and interannual variability contribute about a third (1 K2) to total resolved zonal variance. Sub-seasonal waves, including Kelvin waves, are highly transient in time. Above 20 km, Kelvin waves are strongly modulated by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in stratospheric zonal winds, with enhanced wave activity during the westerly shear phase of the QBO. In the tropical tropopause region, however, peaks of Kelvin-wave activity are irregularly distributed in time. Several peaks coincide with maxima of zonal variance in tropospheric deep convection, but other episodes are not evidently related. Further investigations of convective forcing and atmospheric background conditions are needed to better understand variability near the tropopause.
The Impact of Using Edmodo on Saudi University EFL Students' Motivation and Teacher-Student Communication
Authors: Alshawi Shatha Turki , Alhomoud Faisal Abdullah 
Published: January 2017

Edmodo is a free educational networking site that provides a secure online learning platformfor both teachers and students. The current research explored the impact that Edmodo has onstudents' engagement in EFL learning as well as their motivation towards learning thatlanguage. The research was conducted on 255 female students at Princess Nourah bintAbdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia. The participants were involved in daily interactionswith their peers as well as their teachers via Edmodo features and applications, e.g. posingquestions, submitting assignments, discussions, and teachers' feedback. The present paperposed two research questions: 1. What is the impact of the educational networking siteEdmodo on students' motivation? 2. What is the impact of the educational networking siteEdmodo on teacher-student's communication? In order to explore the possible answers, a40-item questionnaire was administered to the participants. The first 21 items weredesignated to explore students' motivation for learning EFL through Edmodo, while theremaining items explored students' beliefs about the impact that Edmodo has on theircommunication with their teachers. All items were answered using a 4-point Likertscale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The results indicated statisticallysignificant motivation towards language learning due to the use of Edmodo. It also showedthat the teacher-student's interaction is highly significant via Edmodo. Furthermore, studentsmainly preferred quizzes and assignments on Edmodo when they are designed effectively. Theresults of this study may encourage teachers to integrate educational networks to create effective online learning classes for their students.
Congenital cutaneous candidiasis and candidemia in a preterm infant: A case report
Authors: Oberhauser Sarah , Böhm Sebastian , Niederer Anita , Rogdo Bjarte 
Published: January 2017

We report a case of congenital cutaneous candidiasis (CCC) progressing to candidemia in an extremely low birth weight infant. A high level of suspicion concerning candida sepsis as well as timely diagnostic work-up and treatment can be lifesaving when a preterm infant presents with lesions suggestive of congential cutaneous candidiasis.
Analyzing Exclusion in Global Worker Health Policy
Authors: Hilgert Jeffrey 
Published: January 2017

This article examines the development of the ILO’sGlobal Strategy on Occupational Safety and Healththrough the lens of social exclusion. Social exclusion is a transversal concept across the social sciences. The article integrates the study of exclusion as an essential element of institutional analysis in industrial relations. After discussing the treatment of the study of exclusion in labour and employment relations scholarship, it presents an analytic frame using four mechanisms of exclusion taken from sociology: 1- encoding; 2- framing pathways; 3- non-decision making; and 4- mining actualities.Observations are presented from a qualitative study of 125 preparatory and legal texts created through the development of theGlobal Strategybetween 2000 and 2015. The method of analysis is a socio-historic interpretation following the principles of analysis of primary source documents outlined by Marc Trachtenberg in his bookThe Craft of International History: A Guide to Method. Exclusionary dynamics are observed in three areas: 1- managing the meaning of OSH policy integration; 2- shaping the role of collective labour rights in OSH policy; and 3- sidestepping the development of specific OSH hazard protections. Comparisons are made at key points with recent normative work by UN human rights bodies, including the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and theirGeneral Comment No. 23on the human right to just and favourable conditions of work. The result is aGlobal OSH Strategywith promotional strengths, but also neoliberal values interwoven in its policy framework.
Room Temperature Carbonylation of (Hetero) Aryl Pentafluorobenzenesulfonates and Triflates using Palladium‐Cobalt Bimetallic Catalyst: Dual Role of Cobalt Carbonyl
Authors: Joseph Jayan T. , Sajith Ayyiliath M. , Ningegowda Revanna C. , Shashikanth Sheena 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn efficient method for the carbonylation of (hetero) aryl pentafluorobenzenesulfonates and triflates under exceptionally mild conditions using palladium/dicobalt octacarbonyl [Pd/Co2(CO)8] has been developed. Besides acting as carbon monoxide (CO) source, Co2(CO)8 enhances the reaction rate by accelerating the CO insertion through an in situ generated bimetallic palladium cobalt tetracarbonyl [Pd‐Co(CO)4] complex. Under the optimized reaction condition, carbonylation of a wide range of activated and deactivated, as well as sterically hindered and heteroaromatic, substrates proceeded efficiently at room temperature. The high chemoselectivity and improved synthesis of biologically relevant Isoguvacine and Lazabemide intermediates highlights its scope as a valuable synthetic method. The generality of this protocol was further extended to other electrophiles (bromides, chlorides and tosylates).magnified image
(Diacyloxyiodo)benzenes‐Driven Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclizations of Unsaturated N‐Sulfonylamides: Opportunities of Path Selection
Authors: Borelli Tea , Brenna Stefano , Broggini Gianluigi , Oble Julie , Poli Giovanni 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA study of the palladium(II)‐catalyzed cyclization of unsaturated N‐sulfonylamides was undertaken, using (diacyloxyiodo)benzenes as terminal oxidizing agents. Different reactivities were observed as a function of the nature of the unsaturation (terminal vs. internal), or of the hypervalent iodine compound used (diacetoxyiodobenzene vs. bistrifluoroacetoxyiodobenzene). Proper parameter selection allows the direction of the cyclization to be chosen towards either a global aminoacetoxylation, an allylic amination via aminopalladation, or an allylic amination via allylic C–H activation.magnified image
A Sequential Route to Cyclopentenes from 1,6‐Enynes and Diazo Ketones through Gold and Rhodium Catalysis
Authors: Kale Balaji S. , Lee Hsin‐Fu , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis work reports the construction of cyclopentene cores from 1,6‐enynes and aryl diazo ketones through two new reaction sequences involving initial gold‐catalyzed cyclization of 1,6‐enynes with diazo species, followed by rhodium‐catalyzed skeletal rearrangement of the resulting 3‐cyclopropyl‐2‐en‐1‐ones. In most instances the rhodium‐catalyzed reactions afforded cyclopentene derivatives whereas several n‐alkyl‐ or ortho‐substituted phenyl ketones delivered seven‐membered oxacycles. A plausible mechanism provides rationales for these two distinct products.magnified image
An Atom‐Economical Route to Substituted β‐Arylethyl Ketones: Phosphomolybdic Acid‐Catalyzed Carbohydroxylation of Terminal Alkynes in Organic Carbonate
Authors: Yang Guo‐Ping , Zhang Nan , Ma Nuan‐Nuan , Yu Bing , Hu Chang‐Wen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA highly efficient and atom‐economical route for the synthesis of substituted β‐arylethyl ketones was developed by using cheap phosphomolybdic acid (H3PMo12O40) as catalyst and non‐volatile propylene carbonate (PC) as green solvent via the carbohydroxylation of terminal alkynes with benzylic alcohols under mild conditions. Various functional groups on the benzylic alcohols and terminal alkynes were tolerated, giving the corresponding substituted β‐arylethyl ketones as products in good to excellent yields (up to 95%). It is worth noting that a turnover number (TON) of up to 520 was achieved in the protocol. The mechanism investigation showed that PC might stabilize the heteropoly anion and the carbocation intermediate thus facilitating the carbohydroxylation reaction.magnified image
Effect of Socioeconomic Status Bias on Medical Student–Patient Interactions Using an Emergency Medicine Simulation
Authors: Pettit Katie E. , Turner Joseph S. , Kindrat Jason K. , Blythe Gregory J. , Hasty Greg E. , Perkins Anthony J. , Ashburn‐Nardo Leslie , Milgrom Lesley B. , Hobgood Cherri D. , Cooper Dylan D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesImplicit bias in clinical decision making has been shown to contribute to healthcare disparities and results in negative patient outcomes. Our objective was to develop a high‐fidelity simulation model for assessing the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on medical student (MS) patient care.MethodsTeams of MSs were randomly assigned to participate in a high‐fidelity simulation of acute coronary syndrome. Cases were identical with the exception of patient SES, which alternated between a low‐SES homeless man and a high‐SES executive. Students were blinded to study objectives. Cases were recorded and scored by blinded independent raters using 24 dichotomous items in the following domains: 13 communication, six information gathering, and five clinical care. In addition, quantitative data were obtained on the number of times students performed the following patient actions: acknowledged patient by name, asked about pain, generally conversed, and touching the patient. Fisher's exact test was used to test for differences between dichotomous items. For continuous measures, group differences were tested using a mixed‐effects model with a random effect for case to account for multiple observations per case.ResultsFifty‐eight teams participated in an equal number of high‐ and low‐SES cases. MSs asked about pain control more often (p = 0.04) in patients of high SES. MSs touched the low‐SES patient more frequently (p = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in clinical care or information gathering measures.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates more attention to pain control in patients with higher SES as well as a trend toward better communication. Despite the differences in interpersonal behavior, quantifiable differences in clinical care were not seen. These results may be limited by sample size, and larger cohorts will be required to identify the factors that contribute to SES bias.