bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding the PKI needles in the Internet haystack
Authors: Pala Massimiliano , Smith Sean W. 
Published: May 2016

Public key cryptography can uniquely enable trust within distributed settings. Employing it usually requires deploying a set of tools and services collectively known as a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). PKIs have become a central asset for many organizations, due to distributed IT and users. Even though the usage of PKIs in closed and controlled environments is quite common, interoperability and usability problems arise when shifting to a broader, open environment. To make an effective trust judgment about a public key certificate, a PKI user needs more than just knowledge of that certificate: she also needs to be able to locate critical parameters such as the certificate repositories and certificate validation servers relevant to that certificate – and all the others the trust path she builds for it. Surprisingly, locating these resources and services remains a largely unsolved problem in real-world X.509 PKI deployment. This issue impacts especially on the usability of this technology and the interoperability of PKIs in open environments such as the Internet. In this paper, we present the design and prototype of a new and flexible solution for automatic discovery of the services and data repositories made available by a Certificate Service Provider (CSP). This contribution will take real-world PKI one step closer to enhancing usability of digital certificates and interoperability between PKIs.
Automatic analysis of malware behavior using machine learning
Authors: Rieck Konrad , Trinius Philipp , Willems Carsten , Holz Thorsten 
Published: May 2016

Malicious software – so called malware – poses a major threat to the security of computer systems. The amount and diversity of its variants render classic security defenses ineffective, such that millions of hosts in the Internet are infected with malware in the form of computer viruses, Internet worms and Trojan horses. While obfuscation and polymorphism employed by malware largely impede detection at file level, the dynamic analysis of malware binaries during run-time provides an instrument for characterizing and defending against the threat of malicious software. In this article, we propose a framework for the automatic analysis of malware behavior using machine learning. The framework allows for automatically identifying novel classes of malware with similar behavior (clustering) and assigning unknown malware to these discovered classes (classification). Based on both, clustering and classification, we propose an incremental approach for behavior-based analysis, capable of processing the behavior of thousands of malware binaries on a daily basis. The incremental analysis significantly reduces the run-time overhead of current analysis methods, while providing accurate discovery and discrimination of novel malware variants.
Metallosis with pseudotumour formation: Long-term complication following cementless total hip replacement in a dog
Authors: Volstad Nicola , Schaefer Susan , Snyder Laura , Meinen Jeffrey , Sample Susannah 
Published: May 2016

SummaryCase description: A 10-year-old female Belgian Teruven dog was presented to our clinic for total hip revision following a diagnosis of implant (cup) failure with metallosis and abdominal pseudotumour formation. The patient had a cementless metal-on-polyethylene total hip replacement performed nine years prior to presentation.Clinical findings: The clinical findings, including pseudotumour formation locally and at sites distant from the implant and pain associated with the joint replacement, were similar to those described in human patients with this condition. Histopathological, surgical, and radiographic findings additionally supported the diagnosis of metallosis and pseudotumour formation.Treatment and outcome: Distant site pseudo -tumours were surgically removed and the total hip replacement was explanted due to poor bone quality. The patient recovered uneventfully and has since resumed normal activity.Conclusion: In veterinary patients with metal-on-polyethylene total hip implants, cup failure leading to metallosis and pseudo-tumour formation should be considered as a potential cause of ipsilateral hindlimb lameness, intra-pelvic abdominal tumours, or a combination of both. These clinical findings may occur years after total hip replacement surgery.
MCG+08-22-082: A DOUBLE CORE AND BOXY APPEARANCE DWARF LENTICULAR GALAXY SUSPECTED TO BE A MERGER REMNANT
Authors: Pak Mina , Paudel Sanjaya , Lee Youngdae , Kim Sang Chul 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a study on the dwarf lenticular galaxy MCG+08-22-082 (U141), located in the Ursa Major cluster, blue-centered, double-cored, and having a boxy appearance. Using publicly available data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we perform an analysis of the structural and stellar population properties of the galaxy and the cores. We find that the light profile of U141 follows an exponential law. U141 has a brightness of

M

r

=
−
16.01

mag, and an effective radius of

R

e

=
1.7

kpc

. The boxiness parameter

a

4

/

a

is mostly between 0 and −0.05 in the inner parts, reaching an extreme of about −0.1. Double cores are seen at the center of U141; each of these cores has a stellar mass of ∼106
M
☉ and the separation between them is ∼300 pc. Optical spectroscopy of these cores shows prominent emission in Hα, suggesting ongoing star-forming activities. We interpret these morphological properties and speculate that U141 is a merger remnant of two disk galaxies. Thus, we might have discovered an intermediate stage of merging, providing possible evidence of double cores in the center of the galaxy.
REACTIVITY OF OH AND CH3OH BETWEEN 22 AND 64 K: MODELING THE GAS PHASE PRODUCTION OF CH3O IN BARNARD 1b
Authors: Antiñolo M. , Agúndez M. , Jiménez E. , Ballesteros B. , Canosa A. , Dib G. El , Albaladejo J. , Cernicharo J. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
In recent years, ultra-low temperature chemical kinetic experiments have demonstrated that some gas-phase reactions are much faster than was previously thought. One example is the reaction between OH and CH3OH, which has recently been found to be accelerated at low temperatures yielding CH3O as its main product. This finding raised the question of whether or not the CH3O observed in the dense core Barnard 1b could be formed by the gas-phase reaction of CH3OH and OH. Several chemical models including this reaction and grain-surface processes have been developed to explain the observed abundance of CH3O, but they have met with little success. Here, we report for the first time the rate coefficients for the gas-phase reaction of OH and CH3OH down to a temperature of 22 K, which is very close to the temperature in cold interstellar clouds. Two independent experimental set-ups based on the supersonic gas expansion technique coupled to the pulsed laser photolysis laser-induced fluorescence technique were used to determine the rate coefficients in the temperature range 22–64 K. The temperature dependence obtained in this work can be expressed as k(22–64 K) =

(
3.6
±
0.1
)
×

10

−
12

(
T

/

300

K
)

−
(
1.0
±
0.2
)

cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Implementing this expression in a chemical model of a cold, dense cloud results in CH3O/CH3OH abundance ratios similar to or slightly lower than the value of ∼3 × 10−3 observed in Barnard 1b. This finding confirms that the gas-phase reaction between OH and CH3OH is an important contributor to the formation of interstellar CH3O. The role of grain-surface processes in the formation of CH3O, although it cannot be fully neglected, remains controversial.
High chlorophyll a concentration in a low nutrient context: discussions in a subtropical lake dominated by Cyanobacteria
Authors: Hennemann Mariana C. , Petrucio Mauricio M. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Temporal variability in some water quality parameters can play an important role in determining the presence and abundance of primary producers, and consequently in the trophic state and other characteristics and uses of lake ecosystems. In this sense, the present study aimed at understanding temporal dynamics of some trophic relevant water quality parameters in different time scales and their correlation and influence in phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll <em>a</em>) in a shallow subtropical coastal lake. Peri Lake is located in Florianópolis island in Southern Brazil and samples were taken monthly between March 2007 and February 2013. The lake showed low dissolved nutrients concentration, especially phosphorus (P) (median dissolved P: 2.0 µg.l<sup>-1</sup>) and high chlorophyll <em>a</em> (median: 20.8 µg.l<sup>-1</sup>) concentration. Total nitrogen (TN) concentration varied broadly, with a median of 672.8 µg L<sup>-1</sup>, and total P (TP) concentration was low (median: 13.5 µg L<sup>-1</sup>). A seasonal pattern of variation concerning dissolved and total P and chlorophyll a concentration was observed, associated mainly with temperature and wind speeds, but no clear pattern was observed for nitrogen (N) fractions. Significant differences were observed in different years for some parameters, with higher chlorophyll a and lower N concentration in the last three years sampled. The lake was considered potentially P limited during the majority of the study period and a positive correlation was found between chlorophyll <em>a</em> and total and dissolved P concentration. Phytoplankton biomass (as chlorophyll <em>a</em>) was apparently controlled by water temperature and P availability (TN:TP ratio and dissolved P). Water transparency (as Secchi depth) was strongly and negatively influenced by chlorophyll <em>a</em> concentration. <em>Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii</em> abilities to compete for P and light seem to be important factors determining its success and dominance in this low P coastal ecosystem. The fluctuating P supply, probably associated to sediment resuspension by wind in this shallow waterbody, is an advantageous factor for cyanobacteria and has an important role in chlorophyll <em>a</em> dynamics. Thus, high chlorophyll <em>a</em> concentration in this subtropical lake seems to be related to the P-limited condition, shallowness and low water column transparency, which are probably favouring the dominance of <em>C. raciborskii</em>, especially in higher summer temperatures, and leading to high chlorophyll <em>a</em> concentration even in a low dissolved nutrient environment.</p>
Differences in cell wall of thin and thick filaments of cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon gracile SAG 31.79 and their implications for different resistance to Daphnia grazing
Authors: Wejnerowski Lukasz , Cerbin Slawek , Wojciechowicz Maria K. , Dziuba Marcin K. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Recent studies have shown that the filamentous cyanobacterium <em>Aphanizomenon gracile</em> Lemmermann, strain SAG 31.79, consists of two types of filaments that differ in thickness. These two types are known to vary in resistance to <em>Daphnia</em> <em>magna</em> grazing: thin filaments (&lt;2.5 µm) are more vulnerable to grazing than the thick ones (&gt;2.5 µm). In this study, we investigated whether the difference in the vulnerability to grazing of thin and thick filaments is a result of different thickness of their cell walls, a filament stiffness determinant. We expected thick filaments to have thicker cell walls than the thin ones. Additionally, we analysed whether cell wall thickness correlates with filament thickness regardless of the filament type. A morphometric analysis of cell walls was performed using transmission electron micrographs of ultra-thin sections of the batch-cultured cyanobacterial material. Our study revealed that the thin type of filaments had thinner cell walls than the thick filaments. Moreover, cell wall thickness was positively correlated with filament thickness. TEM (transmission electron microscopy) observations also revealed that the thin type of filaments was often at different stages of autocatalytic cell destruction, which was mainly manifested in the increase in cell vacuolization and degradation of the cytoplasm content. Based on our findings, we assume that previously reported higher resistance of thick filaments to <em>Daphnia</em> grazing results from greater stiffness and excellent physiological conditions of thick filaments. </p>
CNAPS VII - CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS IN PLASMA AND SERUM
Authors: Damián García-Olmo, Spain Guest Editor: 
Published: May 2016

<p class="Estilo1">On behalf of The 7th International Conference on Circulating Nucleic Acids in Plasma and Serum (CNAPS VII) Organizing Committee, it is my great pleasure to extend a warm invitation to you to participate in the CNAPS VII, scheduled to be held the first time in Madrid, Spain, 24th and 25th October 2011, at the La Paz University Hospital. After the great success of the CNAPS VI at Hong Kong, we are honored with the opportunity to host the CNAPS VII in our city of Madrid. To keep up with our bourgeoning field of science, an outstanding array of international experts on this field have agreed to share their latest results and experiences with us during this meeting, with elating debates, lectures and networking sessions. As in previous conferences, poster and oral presentation sessions will provide all participants with the opportunity to discuss their results with other experts in the field. Aside from the opportunities afforded by the conference´s working sessions, you will also have the chance to experience a myriad of Spanish tourist and cultural attractions. From classic visits to our famous museums, historical buildings and monuments, to a great variety of cultural activities and tours; from our delicious gastronomy to fabulous shopping bargains, there is plenty that will leave you with fond memories of Madrid and its warm and welcoming people.</p>
Assessing commercially available personal health records for home health
Authors: Choi Yong , Demiris George , Kneale Laura 
Published: May 2016

SummaryHome health nurses and clients experience unmet information needs when transitioning from hospital to home health. Personal health records (PHRs) support consumer-centered information management activities. Previous work has assessed PHRs associated with healthcare providers, but these systems leave home health nurses unable to access necessary information.To evaluate the ability of publically available PHRs to accept, manage, and share information from a home health case study.Two researchers accessed the publically available PHRs on myPHR.com, and attempted to enter, manage, and share the case study data. We qualitatively described the PHR features, and identified gaps between the case study information and PHR functionality.Eighteen PHRs were identified in our initial search. Seven systems met our inclusion criteria, and are included in this review. The PHRs were able to accept basic medical information. Gaps occurred when entering, managing, and/or sharing data from the acute care and home health episodes. The PHRs that were reviewed were unable to effectively manage the case study information. Therefore, increasing consumer health literacy through these systems may be difficult. The PHRs that we reviewed were also unable to electronically share their data.The gap between the existing functionality and the information needs from the case study may make these PHRs difficult to use for home health environments. Additional work is needed to increase the functionality of the PHR systems to better fit the data needs of home health clients.
Evidence of use of road drainage culverts by Timon lepidus (Daudin, 1802) in Western Andalusia
Authors: Delgado Juan Domingo , Gómez María de los Ángeles 
Published: May 2016

El uso de estructuras de drenaje viario y otros pasos inferiores potenciales para reptiles se encuentra escasamente estudiado. En esta nota presentamos una evidencia fotográfica de lagartos ocelados (Timon lepidus) usando un conducto estrecho lineal de drenaje bajo una carretera de tráfico intenso en Andalucía occidental (Sevilla). Nuestros datos sugieren que los lagartos podrían estar usando esta alternativa de desplazamiento contribuyendo a movimientos entre hábitats de esta especie amenazada, disminuyendo el riesgo de atropellos y mitigando los efectos de la fragmentación del hábitat.Use of road drainage structures and other potential underpasses such as culverts by reptiles is scarcely studied. We present photographic evidence of Ocellated lizards (Timon lepidus) using a narrow, linear road drainage under an intense-traffic road in western Andalusia (Seville). Our finding suggests that lizards could benefit of using these alternative routes diminishing risks of road killing, and that even narrow culverts could be contributing to an inter-habitat displacement in this threatened lizard species by mitigating habitat fragmentation effects.
Surface Raman spectroscopy with and without reverse Kretschmann configuration: Effect of evanescent-wave-coupled emission
Authors: Chen Chen , Lu Dan-Feng , Gao Ran , Cheng Jin , Qi Zhi-Mei 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Evanescent-wave-coupled emission has been used for reverse Kretschmann fluorescence and Raman spectroscopies with high collection efficiency. However, it has a negative effect on the common surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy without the reverse Kretschmann configuration because the coupling of a large fraction of light power into the substrate impairs the Raman signal backscattered in air. A rough core layer can significantly weaken evanescent-wave-coupled emission, which is conducive to enhancing the backscattered Raman signal. In this work, we theoretically investigate the surface-plasmon-coupled emission and its effects on surface Raman spectroscopy.
Highly efficient picosecond degenerate four-wave mixing in a tellurite microstructured optical fiber
Authors: Zhang Lei , Tuan Tong Hoang , Kawamura Harutaka , Nagasaka Kenshiro , Suzuki Takenobu , Ohishi Yasutake 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Wavelength-tunable picosecond degenerate four-wave mixing was demonstrated in a tellurite microstructured optical fiber (TMOF). The zero-dispersion wavelength of the TMOF was shifted to 1570 nm by introducing a single ring of air holes in the cladding. The anti-Stokes signal sideband can be generated from 1490 to 1500 nm, and the Stokes idler sideband can emit from 1595 to 1645 nm. Because of the high nonlinearity of the TMOF and the large peak power of the picosecond pump, a maximal signal gain of 31.2 dB and an idler conversion efficiency of +35 dB were achieved.
Effect of pH and chemical mechanical planarization process conditions on the copper–benzotriazole complex formation
Authors: Cho Byoung-Jun , Kim Jin-Yong , Hamada Satomi , Shima Shohei , Park Jin-Goo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBenzotriazole (BTA) has been used to protect copper (Cu) from corrosion during Cu chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) processes. However, an undesirable Cu–BTA complex is deposited after Cu CMP processes and it should be completely removed at post-Cu CMP cleaning for next fabrication process. Therefore, it is very important to understand of Cu–BTA complex formation behavior for its applications such as Cu CMP and post-Cu CMP cleaning. The present study investigated the effect of pH and polisher conditions on the formation of Cu–BTA complex layers using electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and the surface contact angle. The wettability was not a significant factor for the polishing interface, as no difference in the contact angles was observed for these processes. Both electrochemical techniques revealed that BTA had a unique advantage of long-term protection for Cu corrosion in an acidic condition (pH 3).
Biopsychological structure of Yin-Yang using Cloninger’s Temperament model and Carver and White’s BIS/BAS scale
Authors: Lee Soo Jin , Park Soo Hyun , Chae Han 
Published: May 2016

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological structure of Yin-Yang based on the Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) in relation to Carver and White’s Behavior Inhibition/Behavior Activation System (BIS/BAS) Scale and Cloninger’s temperament model of the West.Methods. A total of 188 university students were classified as high (30%), middle (40%), and low (30%) groups based on their SPQ score and their differences in Cloninger’s temperaments and BIS/BAS subscales were analyzed using analysis of covariance after controlling the sex. Correlation among SPQ, Cloninger’s four temperaments and BIS/BAS subscales was also examined.Results. Significant differences in BAS (F= 11.703,p< .001), Novelty-Seeking (F= 4.945,p< .01), and Harm-Avoidance (F= 10.912,p< .001) were observed between high and low SPQ score groups after controlling for sex. The SPQ showed significant correlation with BAS (r= 0.303), Novelty-Seeking (r= 0.225), and Harm-Avoidance (r= − 0.273). However, BIS showed no significant differences between SPQ groups, and did not show correlation with the SPQ.Discussion. The current study demonstrated that Yin-Yang has similarities with and disparities from the Western tradition and may be examined with objective instruments. We showed that the emotionality of the East which is defined as mobility of emotion, not emotional instability as traditionally defined in Western theories, is pivotal for understanding the nature of emotion in the East. Suggestions are made for cross-cultural psychobiological study of the East and West.
A mass balance and isostasy model: Exploring the interplay between magmatism, deformation and surface erosion in continental arcs using central Sierra Nevada as a case study
Authors: Cao Wenrong , Paterson Scott 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA one‐dimensional mass balance and isostasy model is used to explore the feedbacks between magmatism, deformation and surface erosion and how they together affect crustal thickness, elevation, and exhumation in a continental arc. The model is applied to central Sierra Nevada in California by parameterizing magma volume and deformational strain. The simulations capture the first‐order Mesozoic‐Cenozoic histories of crustal thickness, elevation and erosion including moderate Triassic crustal thickening and Jurassic crustal thinning followed by a strong Cretaceous crustal thickening, the latter resulting in a 60–70 km‐thick crust plus a 20 km‐thick arc eclogitic root, and a ∼5 km elevation in the Late Cretaceous. The contribution of contractional deformation to the crustal thickening is twice that of the magmatism. The contribution to elevation from magmatism is dampened by the formation of an eclogitic root. Erosion rate increases with the magnitude of crustal thickening (by magmatism and deformation) but its peak rate always lags behind the peak rate of thickening. We propose that thickened crust initially promotes magma generation by downward transport of materials to the magma source region, which may eventually jam the mantle wedge affecting the retro‐arc underthrusting process and reducing arc magmatism.