bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatty Acid Profiles of Garuga floribunda, Ipomoea pes‐caprae, Melanolepis multiglandulosa and Premna odorata Seed Oils
Authors: Knothe Gerhard , Razon Luis F. , Madulid Domingo A. , Agoo Esperanza Maribel G. , de Castro Maria Ellenita G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe fatty acid profiles of the seed oils of four species from four plant families for which no or only sparse information on the fatty acid profiles is available are reported. The four seed oils are Garuga floribunda of the Burseraceae family, Ipomoea pes‐caprae, of the Convolvulaceae family, Melanolepis multiglandulosa of the Euphorbiaceae family, and Premna odorata of the Labiatae (Lamiaceae) family. Linoleic acid is the most abundant in three seed oils, except I. pes‐caprae in which oleic acid is most abundant. These two acids are overall the most abundant in all four seed oils studied. Of the four seed oils investigated, only G. floribunda contains minor amounts of a cyclic fatty acid (dihydrosterculic acid).
Morphine exposure during early life alters thermal and mechanical thresholds in rats
Authors: Nunes Ellen A. , Medeiros Liciane Fernandes , de Freitas Joice Soares , Macedo Isabel Cristina , Kuo Jonnsin , de Souza Andressa , Rozisky Joanna Rippol , Caumo Wolnei , Torres Iraci L.S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundMorphine is an opioid analgesic used to relieve moderate‐to‐severe pain, including pain in neonates at the intensive care unit. In our previous study, we showed that repeated morphine exposure during early life could trigger long‐lasting implications on the developing nervous system, such as long‐term neurochemical and behavioral alterations in adult rats.AimsThe aim of our study was to determine the short‐, intermediate‐, and long‐term effects of repeated morphine administration during early life on the thermal and mechanical thresholds and on the central levels (cerebral cortex and brainstem) of neurotrophins (brain‐derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and nerve growth factor [NGF]) and cytokines (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6] and IL‐10).MethodsMale Wistar rats were administered morphine (5 μg/day, s.c.) or saline for 7 days from postnatal day 8 (P8) until P14. The nociceptive effect was assessed by evaluating the thermal response using the hot plate test (HPT) and the mechanical response by Von Frey (VFT) and Randall‐Selitto (RST) tests at P16, P30, and P60. BDNF, NGF, IL‐6, and IL‐10 levels were measured in the cerebral cortex and brainstem.ResultsIn HPT, no difference in latency was observed at P16; however, at P30 and P60, the morphine‐treated group exhibited a less increase in the nociceptive threshold compared to the saline group. VFT and RST demonstrated an interaction between group and age, where the morphine group showed a less pronounced increase in latency with age, which is indicative of allodynia. In the cerebral cortex, an association between BDNF and NGF levels and age was observed, where neurotrophin level increased with age in the saline group, and decreased with age in the morphine group. In addition, IL‐10 levels decreased with age in both groups; however, there was no significant difference in IL‐6 levels. In the brainstem, BDNF, NGF, IL‐6, and IL‐10 levels increased with age.DiscussionRepeated morphine exposure during neonatal life triggered alterations in the nociceptive behavior, including thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, as well as decreased levels of BDNF and NGF in the cerebral cortex. Our study highlights the importance of extensive comprehension of the pharmacological interventions during CNS maturation.
Influence of hot electrons on the spectra of iron plasma irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses with 1021 W/cm2 intensities
Authors: Stafford A. , Safronova A.S. , Faenov A.Ya. , Pikuz T.A. , Kodama R. , Kantsyrev V.L. , Shrestha I. , Shlyaptseva V.V. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe use of laboratory experiments as plasma creating sources is a valuable tool for understanding astrophysical observations. Recently plasma created through irradiation by lasers with relativistic intensities has been used to study effects of hot electrons and X-ray pumping on X-ray formation of multiply charged ions spectra. This paper discusses the formation of K-shell Fe spectra recorded from a plasma irradiated by 35 fs pulses with intensities of 1021 W/cm2. Modeling of the spectra suggests three different regions of plasma radiation including a cold ~10 eV region, a mild ~700 eV region, and a hot ~3500 eV region. The influence of hot electrons and X-ray pumping is discussed and a comparison with K-shell Fe spectra from a 1 MA X-pinch experiment is included to highlight the differences due to the shorter time frame of the laser–plasma interaction experiment.
Propagation characteristics of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian laser beam in a rippled density plasmas
Authors: Kaur S. , Kaur M. , Kaur R. , Gill T.S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn the present research work, the authors have investigated the self-focusing and defocusing of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian laser (HChG) beam in an inhomogeneous rippled density plasmas. By taking the relativistic non-linearity into account, an equation for envelope is set up and solved using Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin and the paraxial ray approximation. An ordinary non-linear differential equation governing the beam width parameter as a function of propagation distance is set up for different mode structures of the beam. Further, a numerical study of this differential equation is carried for suitable set of plasma and laser parameters. The beam undergoes periodic self-focusing/defocusing due to relativistic non-linearity. We also report the comparison between self-focusing/defocusing of HChG beam in the absence and presence of density ripple. Presence of ripple does not only leads to substantial increase in self-focusing length, but also results in oscillatory character with decreasing f. In a relativistic case, strong oscillatory self-focusing and defocusing is observed. Further, self-focusing is enhanced with increased value of decentered parameter.
Bringing African Voices into the Undergraduate African Politics Classroom
Authors: Hershey Megan 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Many African politics courses rely heavily on readings authored by North American and European scholars. Scholarly and primary sources written or created by Africans are often underrepresented, and a similar problem persists across regionally focused politics courses. Yet a diversity of sources and perspectives are essential to providing students with a well-rounded understanding of African politics. This article offers a brief argument for the pedagogical benefits of increasing the number of African-authored materials in African politics courses and provides a list of suggested resources for instructors eager to diversify their own courses.
Portuguese validation of the Prolonged Grief Disorder Questionnaire–Predeath (PG–12): Psychometric properties and correlates
Authors: Coelho Alexandra , Silva Cláudia , Barbosa António 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:This study aimed to contribute to the validation of the Portuguese version of the Prolonged Grief Disorder Questionnaire–Predeath (PG–12), examining its psychometric properties, including factorial, discriminant, and predictive validity. The prevalence of predeath prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and its psychosocial correlates were also analyzed.Method:The PG–12 was assessed in a sample of family caregivers (FCs) of oncological patients in palliative care. The factorial and discriminant validity of the PG–12 were evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis. The prevalence of predeath PGD was calculated and correlated with sociodemographic characteristics, perception of illness, intensity of care, coping, and caregiver burden. Prospective data were used to assess predictive validity.Results:The sample was composed of 94 FCs, mostly female (78.8%) and daughters (61.3%), with a mean age of 52.02 (SD = 12.87). The PG–12 has been shown to be reliable, to have high internal consistency, to be monofactorial in structure, and to be independent from depression, anxiety, and burden, although predeath grief influences these symptoms. In our sample, 33% met the criteria for predeath PGD. The circumstances and coping mechanisms are also correlated with predeath grief. The PG–12 has also been shown to be predictive of postdeath outcome.Significance of results:The PG–12 can be a useful screening tool for early identification of risk for maladjustment to loss among family caregivers.
Pavel Groisman Receives 2016 Edward A. Flinn III Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: January 2017

Pavel Groisman received the 2016 Edward A. Flinn III Award at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 14 December 2016 in San Francisco, Calif. The award honors an "individual or small group who personifies the Union's motto 'unselfish cooperation in research' through their facilitating, coordinating, and implementing activities."
Bacteria isolated from lung modulate asthma susceptibility in mice
Authors: Remot Aude , Descamps Delphyne , Noordine Marie-Louise , Boukadiri Abdelhak , Mathieu Elliot , Robert Véronique , Riffault Sabine , Lambrecht Bart , Langella Philippe , Hammad Hamida , Thomas Muriel 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Asthma is a chronic, non-curable, multifactorial disease with increasing incidence in industrial countries. This study evaluates the direct contribution of lung microbial components in allergic asthma in mice. Germ-Free and Specific-Pathogen-Free mice display similar susceptibilities to House Dust Mice-induced allergic asthma, indicating that the absence of bacteria confers no protection or increased risk to aeroallergens. In early life, allergic asthma changes the pattern of lung microbiota, and lung bacteria reciprocally modulate aeroallergen responsiveness. Primo-colonizing cultivable strains were screened for their immunoregulatory properties following their isolation from neonatal lungs. Intranasal inoculation of lung bacteria influenced the outcome of allergic asthma development: the strain CNCM I 4970 exacerbated some asthma features whereas the pro-Th1 strain CNCM I 4969 had protective effects. Thus, we confirm that appropriate bacterial lung stimuli during early life are critical for susceptibility to allergic asthma in young adults.
Lasing in dark and bright modes of a finite-sized plasmonic lattice
Authors: Hakala T. K. , Rekola H. T. , Väkeväinen A. I. , Martikainen J.-P. , Nečada M. , Moilanen A. J. , Törmä P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLasing at the nanometre scale promises strong light-matter interactions and ultrafast operation. Plasmonic resonances supported by metallic nanoparticles have extremely small mode volumes and high field enhancements, making them an ideal platform for studying nanoscale lasing. At visible frequencies, however, the applicability of plasmon resonances is limited due to strong ohmic and radiative losses. Intriguingly, plasmonic nanoparticle arrays support non-radiative dark modes that offer longer life-times but are inaccessible to far-field radiation. Here, we show lasing both in dark and bright modes of an array of silver nanoparticles combined with optically pumped dye molecules. Linewidths of 0.2 nm at visible wavelengths and room temperature are observed. Access to the dark modes is provided by a coherent out-coupling mechanism based on the finite size of the array. The results open a route to utilize all modes of plasmonic lattices, also the high-Q ones, for studies of strong light-matter interactions, condensation and photon fluids.
Observation of photonic anomalous Floquet topological insulators
Authors: Maczewsky Lukas J. , Zeuner Julia M. , Nolte Stefan , Szameit Alexander 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTopological insulators are a new class of materials that exhibit robust and scatter-free transport along their edges — independently of the fine details of the system and of the edge — due to topological protection. To classify the topological character of two-dimensional systems without additional symmetries, one commonly uses Chern numbers, as their sum computed from all bands below a specific bandgap is equal to the net number of chiral edge modes traversing this gap. However, this is strictly valid only in settings with static Hamiltonians. The Chern numbers do not give a full characterization of the topological properties of periodically driven systems. In our work, we implement a system where chiral edge modes exist although the Chern numbers of all bands are zero. We employ periodically driven photonic waveguide lattices and demonstrate topologically protected scatter-free edge transport in such anomalous Floquet topological insulators.
PAXX promotes KU accumulation at DNA breaks and is essential for end-joining in XLF-deficient mice
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Shao Zhengping , Jiang Wenxia , Lee Brian J. , Zha Shan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNon-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) is the most prominent DNA double strand break (DSB) repair pathway in mammalian cells. PAXX is the newest NHEJ factor, which shares structural similarity with known NHEJ factors—XRCC4 and XLF. Here we report that PAXX is dispensable for physiological NHEJ in otherwise wild-type mice. Yet Paxx−/− mice require XLF and Xlf−/− mice require PAXX for end-ligation. As such, Xlf−/−Paxx−/− mice display severe genomic instability and neuronal apoptosis, which eventually lead to embryonic lethality. Despite their structural similarities, only Xlf−/− cells, but not Paxx−/− cells require ATM/DNA-PK kinase activity for end-ligation. Mechanistically, PAXX promotes the accumulation of KU at DSBs, while XLF enhances LIG4 recruitment without affecting KU dynamics at DNA breaks in vivo. Together these findings identify the molecular functions of PAXX in KU accumulation at DNA ends and reveal distinct, yet critically complementary functions of PAXX and XLF during NHEJ.
Experimental observation of anomalous topological edge modes in a slowly driven photonic lattice
Authors: Mukherjee Sebabrata , Spracklen Alexander , Valiente Manuel , Andersson Erika , Öhberg Patrik , Goldman Nathan , Thomson Robert R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTopological quantum matter can be realized by subjecting engineered systems to time-periodic modulations. In analogy with static systems, periodically driven quantum matter can be topologically classified by topological invariants, whose non-zero value guarantees the presence of robust edge modes. In the high-frequency limit of the drive, topology is described by standard topological invariants, such as Chern numbers. Away from this limit, these topological numbers become irrelevant, and novel topological invariants must be introduced to capture topological edge transport. The corresponding edge modes were coined anomalous topological edge modes, to highlight their intriguing origin. Here we demonstrate the experimental observation of these topological edge modes in a 2D photonic lattice, where these propagating edge states are shown to coexist with a quasi-localized bulk. Our work opens an exciting route for the exploration of topological physics in time-modulated systems operating away from the high-frequency regime.
3D nitrogen-doped graphene foam with encapsulated germanium/nitrogen-doped graphene yolk-shell nanoarchitecture for high-performance flexible Li-ion battery
Authors: Mo Runwei , Rooney David , Sun Kening , Yang Hui Ying 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFlexible electrochemical energy storage devices have attracted extensive attention as promising power sources for the ever-growing field of flexible and wearable electronic products. However, the rational design of a novel electrode structure with a good flexibility, high capacity, fast charge–discharge rate and long cycling lifetimes remains a long-standing challenge for developing next-generation flexible energy-storage materials. Herein, we develop a facile and general approach to three-dimensional (3D) interconnected porous nitrogen-doped graphene foam with encapsulated Ge quantum dot/nitrogen-doped graphene yolk-shell nano architecture for high specific reversible capacity (1,220 mAh g−1), long cycling capability (over 96% reversible capacity retention from the second to 1,000 cycles) and ultra-high rate performance (over 800 mAh g−1 at 40 C). This work paves a way to develop the 3D interconnected graphene-based high-capacity electrode material systems, particularly those that suffer from huge volume expansion, for the future development of high-performance flexible energy storage systems.
Cxcl14 depletion accelerates skeletal myogenesis by promoting cell cycle withdrawal
Authors: Waldemer-Streyer Rachel J , Reyes-Ordoñez Adriana , Kim Dongwook , Zhang Rongping , Singh Nilmani , Chen Jie 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSkeletal muscle in adults retains a robust ability to regenerate after injury, which progressively declines with age. Many of the regulators of skeletal myogenesis are unknown or incompletely understood. Intriguingly, muscle cells secrete a wide variety of factors, such as cytokines, which can influence muscle development and regeneration in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Here we describe chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (Cxcl14) as a novel negative regulator of skeletal myogenesis. We found that Cxcl14 expression in myoblasts prevented cell cycle withdrawal, thereby inhibiting subsequent differentiation. Knockdown of Cxcl14 in vitro enhanced myogenic differentiation through promoting cell cycle withdrawal in an ERK1/2-dependent manner. Recapitulating these in vitro observations, the process of muscle regeneration following injury in young adult mice was accelerated by Cxcl14 depletion, accompanied by reduced cell proliferation. Furthermore, impaired capacity for muscle regeneration in aging mice was fully restored by Cxcl14 depletion. Our results indicate that Cxcl14 may be a promising target for development of therapeutics to treat muscle disease, especially aging-related muscle wasting.
Agouti Related Peptide Secreted Via Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Upregulates Proteasome Activity in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model
Authors: Lee Na Kyung , Park Sang Eon , Kwon Soo Jin , Shim Sangmi , Byeon Yeji , Kim Jong-Hwa , Na Duk L. , Chang Jong Wook 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe activity of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is downregulated in aggregation diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the Agouti-related peptide (AgRP), which is secreted by human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in terms of its effect on the regulation of proteasome activity in AD. When SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were co-cultured with MSCs isolated from human Wharton’s Jelly (WJ-MSC), their proteasome activity was significantly upregulated. Further analysis of the conditioned media after co-culture allowed us to identify significant concentrations of a neuropeptide, called AgRP. The stereotactic delivery of either WJ-MSCs or AgRP into the hippocampi of C57BL6/J and 5XFAD mice induced a significant increase of proteasome activity and suppressed the accumulation of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. Collectively, these findings suggest strong therapeutic potential for WJ-MSCs and AgRP to enhance proteasome activity, thereby potentially reducing abnormal protein aggregation and delaying the clinical progression of various neurodegenerative diseases.
A new structure-property connection in the skeletal elements of the marine sponge Tethya aurantia that guards against buckling instability
Authors: Monn Michael A. , Kesari Haneesh 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe identify a new structure-property connection in the skeletal elements of the marine sponge Tethya aurantia. The skeletal elements, known as spicules, are millimeter-long, axisymmetric, silica rods that are tapered along their lengths. Mechanical designs in other structural biomaterials, such as nacre and bone, have been studied primarily for their benefits to toughness properties. The structure-property connection we identify, however, falls in the entirely new category of buckling resistance. We use computational mechanics calculations and information about the spicules’ arrangement within the sponge to develop a structural mechanics model for the spicules. We use our structural mechanics model along with measurements of the spicules’ shape to estimate the load they can transmit before buckling. Compared to a cylinder with the same length and volume, we predict that the spicules’ shape enhances this critical load by up to 30%. We also find that the spicules’ shape is close to the shape of the column that is optimized to transmit the largest load before buckling. In man-made structures, many strategies are used to prevent buckling. We find, however, that the spicules use a completely new strategy. We hope our discussion will generate a greater appreciation for nature’s ability to produce beneficial designs.
RNA synthesis is associated with multiple TBP-chromatin binding events
Authors: Zaidi Hussain A. , Auble David T. , Bekiranov Stefan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCompetition ChIP is an experimental method that allows transcription factor (TF) chromatin turnover dynamics to be measured across a genome. We develop and apply a physical model of TF-chromatin competitive binding using chemical reaction rate theory and are able to derive the physical half-life or residence time for TATA-binding protein (TBP) across the yeast genome from competition ChIP data. Using our physical modeling approach where we explicitly include the induction profile of the competitor in the model, we are able to estimate yeast TBP-chromatin residence times as short as 1.3 minutes, demonstrating that competition ChIP is a relatively high temporal-resolution approach. Strikingly, we find a median value of ~5 TBP-chromatin binding events associated with the synthesis of one RNA molecule across Pol II genes, suggesting multiple rounds of pre-initiation complex assembly and disassembly before productive elongation of Pol II is achieved at most genes in the yeast genome.
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type is associated with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Rodgers Kyla R. , Gui Jiang , Dinulos Mary Beth P. , Chou Richard C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe retrospectively analyzed electronic medical records of patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome hypermobility type (HEDS), including demographic information, workup, rheumatological diagnoses in order to determine its association with rheumatological conditions. HEDS Patients were stratified according to level of workup received (no additional work (physical exam only) = NWU, limited workup = LWU, comprehensive workup = CWU)). HEDS patients were predominantly female (21:4, F:M). The percentage of patients with at least one rheumatological condition was significantly correlated with level of workup (NWU, 9.2%; LWU, 33.3%, CWU, 67.1%; p-value < 0.0001). The HLA-B27 antigen was more prevalent (p-value < 2.2 × 10–8) in the CWU HEDS patients (23.9%) than in the general population of the United States (6.1%). HEDS with CWU were associated with more rheumatological conditions (i.e. psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia) than those with NWU or LWU. In conclusion, HEDS is associated with complicated rheumatological conditions, which are uncovered by comprehensive workup. These conditions require different clinical management strategies than HEDS, and left untreated could contribute to the pain or even physical disability (i.e. joint erosions) in HEDS patients. While the mechanisms underlying these associations are unknown, it is important that all HEDS patients receive adequate workup to ensure a complete clinical understanding for the best care strategy possible.