bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of rock mass permeability using relaxation time and P‐wave velocity
Authors: Song Zhicheng , Nie Lichao , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Shilei , Deng Zhaoyang , Li Yuancheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to the inherent unpredictability of geological conditions, tunnelling operations are often at risk of encountering water inrushes. Such incidents can lead to construction delays, impose financial strains and pose significant safety threats to the workers involved. Water‐bearing geological formations are the main triggers for such incidents, with factors such as the positioning, water quantity and permeability distribution of these formations being key to predicting the occurrence and severity of water inrush disasters. By leveraging the complex interplay among relaxation time, P‐wave velocity and permeability within the rock's physical properties, a series of indoor tests were conducted on 40 artificial reef limestone cores to extract the necessary parameters. Through the analysis of the data, the comprehensive permeability prediction model was established, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9420 between the model's predictions and actual measurements. At the same time, through theoretical and mechanism analysis, the relationship between permeability and relaxation time and the relationship between permeability and P‐wave velocity were analysed. Finally, 10 natural reef limestone samples were used to verify the accuracy of the model. The prediction model enables an accurate evaluation of tunnel permeability, thus providing a scientific basis for the mitigation of tunnel water inrush hazards.
Temperature effects on the electrical conductivity of K‐feldspar
Authors: Sadhukhan Supti , Dutta Tapati 
Published: September 2024

AbstractK‐feldspar, which constitutes about 60 of the Earth's crust, is crucial for understanding electrical conductivity in porous rocks. Its electrical properties are vital for applications in ceramics, electrical insulation and conductive polymers. In this work, we study the time evolution of electrical conductivity of K‐feldspar‐rich rocks with varying temperatures, at high and low pH, which has been studied through simulation using time domain random walk. Random walkers, mimicking ions in transport, move in accordance with appropriate hydrodynamic equations, dissolution and precipitation kinetics. Electrical conductivity has been calculated considering variations in the parameters of temperature, fluid pH and the abundance of K‐feldspar in rocks. Electrical conductivity is found to increase with temperature up to a critical value, after which it decreases. The sharpness of the rise and fall in electrical conductivity is quantified through a measure defined as the conductivity quality factor . We find that increases with a decrease in the availability of K‐feldspar mineral. Our simulated results of electrical conductivity show a good match with the experimental trends reported.
The role of wild red deer on soil physical properties in a Mediterranean ecosystem: insights from a Portuguese mountain
Authors: GARCIA Fernanda , ALVES DA SILVA António , SOUSA José Paulo , ALVES Joana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study we aimed to assess the role of wild red deer, along with other ungulates such as roe deer and wild boar, in the soil's physical properties, namely soil penetration resistance and depth (used as a proxy for soil compaction), hydraulic conductivity (a proxy for water infiltration), and the proportion of soil stable aggregates. Results showed that, at the density level found in our study area, red deer have a neutral effect at the soil level, not causing significant soil compaction or significantly influencing measured soil functions.
sabinaNSDM: An R package for spatially nested hierarchical species distribution modelling
Authors: Mateo Rubén G. , Morales‐Barbero Jennifer , Zarzo‐Arias Alejandra , Lima Herlander , Gómez‐Rubio Virgilio , Goicolea Teresa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Species distribution models have evolved to combine species‐environment interactions across multiple scales. Spatially nested hierarchical models (NSDMs) offer a promising avenue by integrating datasets and predictive models from broad to fine scales. But a user‐friendly tool to execute these models remains an important ongoing challenge.

To address this gap, we introduce the sabinaNSDM R package that provides a straightforward approach to develop NSDMs. This package merges global scale models, capturing extensive ecological niches, with regional scale models featuring high‐resolution covariates, to form a unified hierarchical modelling framework. This toolkit is designed to facilitate the implementation of NSDMs for ecologists, conservationists and researchers aiming to produce more reliable species distribution predictions.

sabinaNSDM streamlines the data preparation, calibration, integration and projection of models across two scales. It automates (if necessary) the generation of background points, spatial thinning of species occurrence and absence (if available) data, covariate selection and the generation of NSDMs.

This paper outlines the workflow and functions integrated into the sabinaNSDM package, complemented by an applied case study involving a pool of 76 tree species. Consistent with previous publications, the generated NSDMs facilitated precise predictions (mean AUC value through independent evaluation higher than 0.88) of species distributions under current and future environmental scenarios.
Comparison of strength and adulteration between illicit drugs obtained from cryptomarkets versus off‐line
Authors: Coney Leigh , Peacock Amy , van der Gouwe Daan , Smit‐Rigter Laura , Hutten Nadia , Ventura Mireia , Quesada Adrià , Barratt Monica J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsDrugs sold on cryptomarkets are thought to have lower levels of adulteration and higher strength compared with those sourced off‐line. The present study aimed to determine whether cryptomarket and off‐line‐sourced 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐N‐methamphetamine (MDMA), cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) differed in adulteration and strength.Design and settingA between‐groups design was used to compare cryptomarket versus off‐line‐sourced drugs. Regression analyses controlling for year and service were conducted. Drug‐checking services were conducted in Spain (Energy Control) and the Netherlands (Drugs Information and Monitoring System).CasesThe cases comprised drug samples that underwent drug checking between 2016 and 2021 and were expected to contain MDMA (tablets; n = 36 065; powder: n = 6179), cocaine (n = 11 419), amphetamine (n = 6823), methamphetamine (n = 293) and LSD (n = 1817).MeasurementsDrugs were measured for (1) matching the advertised substance (i.e. containing any amount of the expected substance); (2) strength; (3) presence of adulteration; and (4) number of adulterants.FindingsThe expected drug was more likely to be identified when sourced from cryptomarkets versus off‐line for MDMA tablets [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28–3.43], MDMA powder (AOR = 2.64, CI = 1.55–4.51), cocaine (AOR = 3.65, CI = 1.98–6.71) and LSD (AOR = 1.75, CI = 1.13–2.72). Cryptomarket‐sourced MDMA powder (β = 0.03, P = 0.012), cocaine (β = 0.08, P < 0.001) and methamphetamine (β = 0.15, P = 0.028) were statistically significantly higher in strength than substances from off‐line sources. Conversely, MDMA tablets (β = −0.01, P = 0.043) and amphetamine (β = −0.07, P < 0.001) from cryptomarkets were statistically significantly lower in strength than from off‐line sources. MDMA powder (AOR = 0.53, CI = 0.33–0.86) and cocaine (AOR = 0.66, CI = 0.55–0.79) were statistically significantly less likely to be adulterated if sourced from cryptomarkets. However, amphetamine (AOR = 1.54, CI = 1.25–1.90) and LSD (AOR = 1.31, CI = 1.00–1.71) were found to be more likely to be adulterated when purchased from cryptomarkets. Cocaine from cryptomarkets exhibited fewer adulterants (incidence rate ratio = 0.71, CI = 0.60–0.85).ConclusionThe relationship between on‐line drug market‐places and substance quality varies depending on both the specific substance and the dynamics of the cryptomarket.
Microvascular flow imaging of fibroids: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Frijlingh Marissa , Stoelinga Barbara , de Leeuw Robert A. , Hehenkamp Wouter J. K. , Twisk Jos W. R. , van den Bosch Thierry , Juffermans Lynda J. M. , Huirne Judith A. F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionImaging fibroid vascularity may predict fibroid growth and aid to determine most appropriate therapy. Microvascular (MV) flow imaging is relatively new and is able to detect slow flow in small vessels. Data on feasibility, reproducibility, and reliability of MV‐flow imaging in fibroids is lacking. The purpose of our study was to determine the reproducibility of MV‐flow imaging and to explore this technique for clinical practice for assessing blood flow in fibroids.Material and MethodsThirty patients with one or multiple fibroids (diameter 1.5–12.0 cm) were prospectively included. Transvaginal ultrasound scanning was performed in B‐mode, 2D MV‐Flow™, 2D and 3D power Doppler mode (HERA W10, Samsung) by two experienced gynecologists at a tertiary care clinic from February to December 2021. The primary outcome was intra‐ and interobserver agreement of the vascular index (VI) and color score (CS). The following parameters: ‘2D MV‐flow VI’, ‘3DPD VI’, ‘2D MV‐flow CS’ and ‘2DPD CS’ were measured offline in the center, pseudocapsule, and entire fibroid. Secondary offline outcomes for exploring 2D MV‐flow for clinical practice, included (1) ability to discern vascular structures, (2) assessing the degree of vascularity via CS and calculating a VI, and (3) determining penetration depth of the ultrasound signal in both power Doppler and MV‐flow imaging.ResultsAll scans of the 30 included patients were of sufficient quality to analyze. Inter‐ and intra‐observer correlations of all studied parameters were good to excellent, both for 2D MV‐flow and 2D power Doppler (intercorrelation coefficient 0.992–0.996). Using 2D MV‐flow different vascular structures were visible in detail, in contrary to using 2D and 3D power Doppler. In significantly more fibroids central flow could be visualized using 2D MV‐flow (63%) than with 2D power Doppler (13%, p = 0.001). Finally, penetration of the ultrasound signal was deeper using 2D MV‐flow (3.92 cm) than with 2D power Doppler (2.95 cm, p = 0.001).ConclusionsUsing 2D MV‐flow imaging for determining vascularity is highly reproducible. It has potential added value for clinical practice as it depicts detailed vascular structures and the degree of vascularity, especially in the center of the fibroid.
Parenting stress in infancy was associated with neurodevelopment in 24‐month‐old children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Lepage Charles , Bayard Jade , Gaudet Isabelle , Paquette Natacha , Simard Marie‐Noëlle , Gallagher Anne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimHaving a child with congenital heart disease (CHD) is stressful for parents, but research on the impact this stress can have on child development has been lacking. We investigated the associations between parenting stress when children were infants and neurodevelopmental outcomes in toddlers with CHD.MethodsThis study was carried out at the Neurocardiac Clinic at the Sainte‐Justine University Hospital in Montréal, Canada. Patients born from 2012 to 2019 and followed up to 24 months of age were recruited. Parenting stress levels were measured when the child was 4–6 months and 24 months and the child's neurodevelopment was assessed at 24 months. Multiple linear regressions analyses were carried out.ResultsWe studied 100 children (56% boys) with CHD. Most of the parenting stress scores were below the clinical threshold. However, they accounted for a significant part of the variance in the children's cognitive (15%–16%), receptive language (14%–15%) and gross motor outcomes (15%–18%). They had no impact on the children's expressive language or fine motor outcomes.ConclusionHigher parenting stress was associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in toddlers with CHD. Early screening of parenting stress in CHD clinics is necessary to provide individualised intervention for parents and optimise neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.
A gender perspective on diet, microbiome, and sex hormone interplay in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Jovanovic Nina , Zach Veronika , Crocini Claudia , Bahr Lina Samira , Forslund‐Startceva Sofia Kirke , Franz Kristina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA unique interplay between body and environment embeds and reflects host–microbiome interactions that contribute to sex‐differential disease susceptibility, symptomatology, and treatment outcomes. These differences derive from individual biological factors, such as sex hormone action, sex‐divergent immune processes, X‐linked gene dosage effects, and epigenetics, as well as from their interaction across the lifespan. The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a moderator of several body systems that are thus impacted by its function and composition. In humans, biological sex components further interact with gender‐specific exposures such as dietary preferences, stressors, and life experiences to form a complex whole, requiring innovative methodologies to disentangle. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the interactions among sex hormones, gut microbiota, immune system, and vascular health and their relevance for sex‐differential epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases. We outline clinical implications, identify knowledge gaps, and place emphasis on required future studies to address these gaps. In addition, we provide an overview of the caveats associated with conducting cardiovascular research that require consideration of sex/gender differences. While previous work has inspected several of these components separately, here we call attention to further translational utility of a combined perspective from cardiovascular translational research, gender medicine, and microbiome systems biology.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia triggers cardiac fibrosis: Role of epididymal white adipose tissue senescent remodeling?
Authors: Naushad Suzain , Gaucher Jonathan , Mezdari Zaineb , Détrait Maximin , Belaidi Elise , Zhang Yanyan , Vial Guillaume , Bouyon Sophie , Czibik Gabor , Pini Maria , Aldekwer Sahar , Liang Hao , Pelloux Véronique , Aron‐Wisnewsky Judith , Tamisier Renaud , Pépin Jean‐Louis , Derumeaux Geneviève , Sawaki Daigo , Arnaud Claire 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a growing health problem affecting nearly 1 billion people worldwide. The landmark feature of OSA is chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), accounting for multiple organ damage, including heart disease. CIH profoundly alters both visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) and heart structure and function, but little is known regarding inter‐organ interaction in the context of CIH. We recently showed that visceral WAT senescence drives myocardial alterations in aged mice without CIH. Here, we aimed at investigating whether CIH induces a premature visceral WAT senescent phenotype, triggering subsequent cardiac remodeling.MethodsIn a first experiment, 10‐week‐old C57bl6J male mice (n = 10/group) were exposed to 14 days of CIH (8 h daily, 5%–21% cyclic inspired oxygen fraction, 60 s per cycle). In a second series, mice were submitted to either epididymal WAT surgical lipectomy or sham surgery before CIH exposure. Finally, we used p53 deficient mice or Wild‐type (WT) littermates, also exposed to the same CIH protocol. Epididymal WAT was assessed for fibrosis, DNA damages, oxidative stress, markers of senescence (p16, p21, and p53), and inflammation by RT‐qPCR and histology, and myocardium was assessed for fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.ResultsCIH‐induced epididymal WAT remodeling characterized by increased fibrosis, oxidative stress, DNA damage response, inflammation, and increased expression of senescent markers. CIH‐induced epididymal WAT remodeling was associated with subtle and early myocardial interstitial fibrosis. Both epididymal WAT surgical lipectomy and p53 deletion prevented CIH‐induced myocardial fibrosis.ConclusionShort‐term exposure to CIH induces epididymal WAT senescent remodeling and cardiac interstitial fibrosis, the latter being prevented by lipectomy. This finding strongly suggests visceral WAT senescence as a new target to mitigate OSA‐related cardiac disorders.
ESG pay and corporate social irresponsibility: Does culture matter?
Authors: Roszkowska‐Menkes Maria 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite the detrimental consequences of corporate social irresponsibility (CSiR), the role of monitoring and incentive‐based corporate governance (CG) mechanisms in mitigating stakeholder mismanagement has been largely neglected in the literature. At the same time, there has been growing interest in holding executives accountable for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance by linking their compensation to related targets. However, prior research provides scant and inconclusive evidence on the effectiveness of ESG pay in curbing CSiR. This study addresses these shortcomings and contributes to the emerging CSiR/CG literature by harnessing an institution‐based view on executive compensation. Specifically, it recognizes national culture as the “missing determinant” in comparative CG studies and investigates the culturally‐driven boundary conditions for the relationship between ESG pay and CSiR. The hypotheses were tested on a data set of 4066 firms from 56 countries during 2010–2020. The analysis supports a negative, though modest, effect of ESG pay on CSiR. Furthermore, the study shows that this relationship varies in statistical and economic significance across cultural contexts. Particularly, incentives prove effective for firms headquartered in nations characterized by low power distance, individualism, low uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity. Conversely, in other settings, compensation linked to ESG may either lack motivational impact or even yield counterproductive outcomes. These findings have implications for both the CSiR and CG literature, as well as for practice.
Domestic dogs and vultures feed on the same carcasses in Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India
Authors: Vishnu O. , Pandiyan J. , Balan Aswathy , Jose Clince P. , Roshnath R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVultures are essentially scavengers but their population decline is exacerbated by competition with stray dogs for carcasses. Our study, using camera traps to monitor carcass visitation, revealed dietary overlap and competition intensity are linked more to carcass size than habitat type. Addressing dog presence is critical for vulture survival.
Prevalence of actionable pharmacogenetic variants and high‐risk drug prescriptions: A Swiss hospital‐based cohort study
Authors: Hodel Flavia , De Min Maria B. , Thorball Christian Wandall , Redin Claire , Vollenweider Peter , Girardin François , Fellay Jacques 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDrug type and dosing recommendation have been designed and optimized based on average response in the general population. Yet, there is significant inter‐individual variability in drug response, which results in treatment inefficacy or adverse drug reactions in a subset of patients. This is partly due to genetic factors that typically affect drug metabolism or clearance. To verify the relevance and applicability of international pharmacogenetic guidelines in the Swiss population, we genotyped 1533 patients from a hospital‐based biobank who received at least 30 different drugs, as documented in their electronic health record. We then assessed the prevalence of clinically actionable variants in 13 high‐risk pharmacogenes. We compared the allele frequencies obtained in the hospital‐based cohort with those of a Swiss population‐based cohort of 4791 individuals. The prevalence of clinically actionable variants was comparable between the two cohorts, with most study participants (97.3%) carrying at least one actionable pharmacogenetic variant. We then assessed the frequency of high‐risk prescriptions due to actionable gene–drug interactions and observed that 31% of patients in the hospital‐based cohort were prescribed at least one drug for which they carried a high‐risk variant, and for which international guidelines recommend a change of drug or dosage. Our analysis confirms the high prevalence of actionable pharmacogenetic variants in the Swiss population. It also shows that a substantial minority of patients are exposed to drugs for which they carry potentially problematic variants. Implementing a genetically informed approach to drug prescribing could have a positive impact on the quality of healthcare delivery.
Global Reparations within Capitalism: Aspirations and Tensions in Contemporary Movements for Reparatory Justice
Authors: Sylla Ndongo Samba , Fischer Andrew M. , Kaltenbrunner Annina , Sathi Sreerekha 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe idea of global reparations has received increasing attention in recent years, not only with respect to legacies of slavery and colonialism, but also to interrelated issues such as climate change, debt crisis, or ongoing financial transfers from the Global South to the Global North. This article, which introduces and sets the Debate for the 2024 Forum issue on the political economy of 21st century global reparations, offers a critical perspective on contemporary global reparations agendas, including their macroeconomic and development implications for the Global South. It highlights the contentious, unresolved questions about how reparations movements should interact with the highly unequal structures of global capitalism. To what degree should they seek large redistributive gains within these structures, or else aim for more revolutionary standpoints which reject these structures? If the former, would this compromise any hope for reparations to be truly transformative and able to address the challenges presented by global white supremacy? The hope of reparations movements is to make progressive gains that could become the catalyst for more transformative changes on a global scale. At the same time, sympathetic critics question whether reparations are feasible or should be a primary focus of advocacy for achieving racial and climate justice on national as well as global levels. In outlining these points of debate, the article also considers the questions of how to make global reparations work for recipients, and how to finance them. It concludes by elaborating on the challenge of moving towards a more developmentalist emphasis of ‘systemic reparations’.