bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features, Outcomes, and Molecular Characteristics of Community- and Health Care-Associated Staphylococcus lugdunensis Infections
Authors: Yeh Chun-Fu , Chang Shih-Cheng , Cheng Chun-Wen , Lin Jung-Fu , Liu Tsui-Ping , Lu Jang-Jih 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus lugdunensisis a major cause of aggressive endocarditis, but it is also responsible for a broad spectrum of infections. The differences in clinical and molecular characteristics between community-associated (CA) and health care-associated (HA)S. lugdunensisinfections have remained unclear. We performed a retrospective study ofS. lugdunensisinfections between 2003 and 2014 to compare the clinical and molecular characteristics of CA and HA isolates. We collected 129S. lugdunensisisolates in total: 81 (62.8%) HA isolates and 48 (37.2%) CA isolates. HA infections were more frequent than CA infections in children (16.0% versus 4.2%, respectively;P= 0.041) and the elderly (38.3% versus 14.6%, respectively;P= 0.004). The CA isolates were more likely to cause skin and soft tissue infections (85.4% versus 19.8%, respectively;P< 0.001). HA isolates were more frequently responsible for bacteremia of unknown origin (34.6% versus 4.2%, respectively;P< 0.001) and for catheter-related bacteremia (12.3% versus 0%, respectively;P= 0.011) than CA isolates. Fourteen-day mortality was higher for HA infections than for CA infections (11.1% versus 0%, respectively). A higher proportion of the HA isolates than of the CA isolates were resistant to penicillin (76.5% versus 52.1%, respectively;P= 0.004) and oxacillin (32.1% versus 2.1%, respectively;P< 0.001). Two major clonal complexes (CC1 and CC3) were identified. Sequence type 41 (ST41) was the most common sequence type identified (29.5%). The proportion of ST38 isolates was higher for HA than for CA infections (33.3% versus 12.5%, respectively;P= 0.009). These isolates were of staphylococcal cassette chromosomemecelement (SCCmec)type IV, V, or Vt. HA and CAS. lugdunensisinfections differ in terms of their clinical features, outcome, antibiotic susceptibilities, and molecular characteristics.
Visualization and Sequencing of Membrane Remodeling Leading to Influenza Virus Fusion
Authors: Gui Long , Ebner Jamie L. , Mileant Alexander , Williams James A. , Lee Kelly K. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Protein-mediated membrane fusion is an essential step in many fundamental biological events, including enveloped virus infection. The nature of protein and membrane intermediates and the sequence of membrane remodeling during these essential processes remain poorly understood. Here we used cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to image the interplay between influenza virus and vesicles with a range of lipid compositions. By following the population kinetics of membrane fusion intermediates imaged by cryo-ET, we found that membrane remodeling commenced with the hemagglutinin fusion protein spikes grappling onto the target membrane, followed by localized target membrane dimpling as local clusters of hemagglutinin started to undergo conformational refolding. The local dimples then transitioned to extended, tightly apposed contact zones where the two proximal membrane leaflets were in most cases indistinguishable from each other, suggesting significant dehydration and possible intermingling of the lipid head groups. Increasing the content of fusion-enhancing cholesterol or bis-monoacylglycerophosphate in the target membrane led to an increase in extended contact zone formation. Interestingly, hemifused intermediates were found to be extremely rare in the influenza virus fusion system studied here, most likely reflecting the instability of this state and its rapid conversion to postfusion complexes, which increased in population over time. By tracking the populations of fusion complexes over time, the architecture and sequence of membrane reorganization leading to efficient enveloped virus fusion were thus resolved.

IMPORTANCE
Enveloped viruses employ specialized surface proteins to mediate fusion of cellular and viral membranes that results in the formation of pores through which the viral genetic material is delivered to the cell. For influenza virus, the trimeric hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein spike mediates host cell attachment and membrane fusion. While structures of a subset of conformations and parts of the fusion machinery have been characterized, the nature and sequence of membrane deformations during fusion have largely eluded characterization. Building upon studies that focused on early stages of HA-mediated membrane remodeling, here cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) was used to image the three-dimensional organization of intact influenza virions at different stages of fusion with liposomes, leading all the way to completion of the fusion reaction. By monitoring the evolution of fusion intermediate populations over the course of acid-induced fusion, we identified the progression of membrane reorganization that leads to efficient fusion by an enveloped virus.
HIV-1-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptors Based on Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
Authors: Ali Ayub , Kitchen Scott G. , Chen Irvin S. Y. , Ng Hwee L. , Zack Jerome A. , Yang Otto O. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough the use of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) based on single-chain antibodies for gene immunotherapy of cancers is increasing due to promising recent results, the earliest CAR therapeutic trials were done for HIV-1 infection in the late 1990s. This approach utilized a CAR based on human CD4 as a binding domain and was abandoned for a lack of efficacy. The growing number of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs) offers the opportunity to generate novel CARs that may be more active and revisit this modality for HIV-1 immunotherapy. We used sequences from seven well-defined BNAbs varying in binding sites and generated single-chain-antibody-based CARs. These CARs included 10E8, 3BNC117, PG9, PGT126, PGT128, VRC01, and X5. Each novel CAR exhibited conformationally relevant expression on the surface of transduced cells, mediated specific proliferation and killing in response to HIV-1-infected cells, and conferred potent antiviral activity (reduction of viral replication in log10units) to transduced CD8+T lymphocytes. The antiviral activity of these CARs was reproducible but varied according to the strain of virus. These findings indicated that BNAbs are excellent candidates for developing novel CARs to consider for the immunotherapeutic treatment of HIV-1.IMPORTANCEWhile chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) using single-chain antibodies as binding domains are growing in popularity for gene immunotherapy of cancers, the earliest human trials of CARs were done for HIV-1 infection. However, those trials failed, and the approach was abandoned for HIV-1. The only tested CAR against HIV-1 was based on the use of CD4 as the binding domain. The growing availability of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs) affords the opportunity to revisit gene immunotherapy for HIV-1 using novel CARs based on single-chain antibodies. Here we construct and test a panel of seven novel CARs based on diverse BNAb types and show that all these CARs are functional against HIV-1.
Direct costs in impaired glucose regulation: results from the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study
Authors: Bächle C , Claessen H , Andrich S , Brüne M , Dintsios C M , Slomiany U , Roggenbuck U , Jöckel K H , Moebus S , Icks A 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveFor the first time, this population-based study sought to analyze healthcare utilization and associated costs in people with normal fasting glycemia (NFG), impaired fasting glycemia (IFG), as well as previously undetected diabetes and previously diagnosed diabetes linking data from the prospective German Heinz Nixdorf Recall (HNR) study with individual claims data from German statutory health insurances.Research design and methodsA total of 1709 participants of the HNR 5-year follow-up (mean age (SD) 64.9 (7.5) years, 44.5% men) were included in the study. Age-standardized and sex-standardized healthcare utilization and associated costs (reported as € for the year 2008, perspective of the statutory health insurance) were stratified by diabetes stage defined by the participants' self-report and fasting plasma glucose values. Cost ratios (CRs) were estimated using two-part regression models, adjusting for age, sex, sociodemographic variables and comorbidity.ResultsThe mean total direct healthcare costs for previously diagnosed diabetes, previously undetected diabetes, IFG, and NFG were €2761 (95% CI 2378 to 3268), €2210 (1483 to 4279), €2035 (1732 to 2486) and €1810 (1634 to 2035), respectively. Corresponding age-adjusted and sex-adjusted CRs were 1.53 (1.30 to 1.80), 1.16 (0.91 to 1.47), and 1.09 (0.95 to 1.25) (reference: NFG). Inpatient, outpatient and medication costs varied in order between people with IFG and those with previously undetected diabetes.ConclusionsThe study provides claims-based detailed cost data in well-defined glucose metabolism subgroups. CRs of individuals with IFG and previously undetected diabetes were surprisingly low. Data are important for the model-based evaluation of screening programs and interventions that are aimed either to prevent diabetes onset or to improve diabetes therapy as well.
Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase (MELK) as a Novel Mediator and Biomarker of Radioresistance in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Speers Corey , Zhao Shuang G. , Kothari Vishal , Santola Alyssa , Liu Meilan , Wilder-Romans Kari , Evans Joseph , Batra Nidhi , Bartelink Harry , Hayes Daniel F. , Lawrence Theodore S. , Brown Powel H. , Pierce Lori J. , Feng Felix Y. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Purpose: While effective targeted therapies exist for estrogen receptor–positive and HER2-positive breast cancer, no such effective therapies exist for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); thus, it is clear that additional targets for radiosensitization and treatment are critically needed.
Experimental Design: Expression microarrays, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were used to assess MELK RNA and protein expression levels. Clonogenic survival assays were used to quantitate the radiosensitivity of cell lines at baseline and after MELK inhibition. The effect of MELK knockdown on DNA damage repair kinetics was determined using γH2AX staining. The in vivo effect of MELK knockdown on radiosensitivity was performed using mouse xenograft models. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate local control and survival information, and a Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to identify potential factors impacting local recurrence-free survival.
Results: MELK expression is significantly elevated in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissue as well as in TNBC compared with non-TNBC. MELK RNA and protein expression is significantly correlated with radioresistance in breast cancer cell lines. Inhibition of MELK (genetically and pharmacologically) induces radiation sensitivity in vitro and significantly delayed tumor growth in vivo in multiple models. Kaplan–Meier survival and multivariable analyses identify increasing MELK expression as being the strongest predictor of radioresistance and increased local recurrence in multiple independent datasets.
Conclusions: Here, we identify MELK as a potential biomarker of radioresistance and target for radiosensitization in TNBC. Our results support the rationale for developing clinical strategies to inhibit MELK as a novel target in TNBC. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5864–75. ©2016 AACR.
Macrophage-Mediated Trogocytosis Leads to Death of Antibody-Opsonized Tumor Cells
Authors: Velmurugan Ramraj , Challa Dilip K. , Ram Sripad , Ober Raimund J. , Ward E. Sally 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Understanding the complex behavior of effector cells such as monocytes or macrophages in regulating cancerous growth is of central importance for cancer immunotherapy. Earlier studies using CD20-specific antibodies have demonstrated that the Fcγ receptor (FcγR)–mediated transfer of the targeted receptors from tumor cells to these effector cells through trogocytosis can enable escape from antibody therapy, leading to the viewpoint that this process is protumorigenic. In the current study, we demonstrate that persistent trogocytic attack results in the killing of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Further, antibody engineering to increase FcγR interactions enhances this tumoricidal activity. These studies extend the complex repertoire of activities of macrophages to trogocytic-mediated cell death of HER2-overexpressing target cells and have implications for the development of effective antibody-based therapies. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1879–89. ©2016 AACR.
Notes on the occurrence of Chitoria sordida sordida (Moore, 1866) (Nymphalidae: Apaturinae) in Tsirang District, Bhutan
Authors: Irungbam Jatishwor Singh , Chib Mennakshi Singh , Fric Zdenek Faltynek 
Published: May 2016

Observations on the distribution of Nymphalid butterfly, Sordid Emperor (Chitoria sordida sordida (Moore, 1866) in southern Bhutan are presented in this paper. The confirmation is based on four years of observation of species in the warm broadleaf forest of Tsirang during July to October. The species is legally protected under Schedule II of the Indian (Wildlife) Protection Act, 1997.
The conservation status of Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. var. saharanpurensis (Thoth.) Thoth. (Fabaceae), a climber endemic to Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Malik Vijai 
Published: May 2016

This paper presents observations on the population size and conservation status of Derris scandens var. saharanpurensis (Fabaceae), a woody climber endemic to Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The surveys were made in Saharanpur forest division, which forms the type locality of this variety. On the basis of field observations this taxon is recommended for IUCN criteria of Critically Endangered [CR B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v)+2c(iv); C2a(i); D].
Popau, Pop, or an “American Way of Living”? An
Introduction to Aracy Amaral's “From the Stamps to the
Bubble”
Authors: Gotti Sofia 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The introductory text foregrounds the article “From the Stamps to the Bubble” (1968) by Brazilian historian and curator Aracy A. Amaral. It seeks to locate the primary document within a broader historiography of Brazilian art in the second half of the 1960s, and examine the ways in which the military dictatorship, along with certain cultural exchanges facilitated by Brazil's economic development in this period affected artistic production. Placing particular attention on the multiple terminologies that were in use when the article was written, the introduction focuses on the contiguities of Pop Art in the Brazilian cultural milieu. It argues that Pop was present inasmuch as it inspired artists to initiate a process of radical experimentation, which empowered them to depart from an avant-garde tradition founded on geometric abstraction.
L’évaluation en ergothérapie pour contribuer à documenter l’aptitude : étude de cas
Authors: Blanchet Marie , Huynh Tammy , Giroux Dominique , Bottari Carolina 
Published: May 2016

Description Plusieurs ergothérapeutes contribuent à l’évaluation de l’aptitude à prendre soin de sa personne et à gérer ses biens, mais peu de balises encadrent cette pratique auprès d’adultes ayant subi un traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC). But Cette étude explorait la contribution du Profil des activités instrumentales (PAI) à la documentation de l’aptitude suite à un TCC. Méthodologie La réalisation des tâches du PAI par un homme de 46 ans (ML) ayant été déclaré inapte suite à un TCC sévère a été comparée à celle de huit participants témoins (âge moyen 49,3 ± 4,2 ans). Les scores au PAI, les comportements observables, et les verbalisations ont été comparés en utilisant des statistiques descriptives (moyennes et écarts-types) et des analyses qualitatives. Résultats Le niveau d’indépendance de ML est inférieur à celui des témoins pour sept des huit tâches du PAI ( p < 0,05), notamment pour préparer un repas chaud et faire un budget. ML se distingue par la généralisation de ses difficultés à plusieurs tâches et de la difficulté à critiquer les résultats obtenus. Conséquences Le PAI pourrait être utilisé lors d’une évaluation fonctionnelle visant à documenter l’aptitude.
Lifestyle knowledge and preferences in preschool children: Evaluation of the Get up and Grow healthy lifestyle education programme
Authors: Wiseman Nicola , Harris Neil , Lee Patricia 
Published: May 2016

Objective: Early childhood is considered a window of opportunity for lifestyle interventions, as this is a critical life-stage at which children accumulate knowledge and skills around behaviours such as eating and physical activity. This study examined how exposure to a settings-based healthy lifestyle programme influences knowledge and preference of food and physical play in preschool children. Design: Quasi-experimental, pre–post intervention design. Methods: Pre- and post-impact evaluation of a healthy lifestyle intervention using an innovative computerised photo-pair food and exercise questionnaire and an age-appropriate test of executive function. The study included 82 children aged 3–5 years and was structured with an intervention and a control group. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS v22. Results: For the intervention group, there was a significant improvement in overall knowledge of healthy lifestyle behaviours post-intervention, particularly in the identification of healthy and unhealthy food choices. There was no associated change in behavioural preferences. Conclusion: The study highlighted that age-appropriate lifestyle interventions with preschool-aged children can lead to improved knowledge of healthy lifestyle choices. However, improvement in knowledge of healthy lifestyle behaviours does not necessarily lead to positive changes in food and activity preferences that inform choices.
Results of prosthetic rehabilitation on managing transtibial vascular amputation with silicone liner after wound closure
Authors: Chin Takaaki , Toda Mitsunori 
Published: May 2016

Objective To investigate the effect of a standardized silicone liner programme on the duration of prosthetic rehabilitation in patients who underwent transtibial amputation as a result of peripheral arterial disease. Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent transtibial amputation followed by one of two stump management programmes at the same rehabilitation centre over a period of 14 years. The study compared the duration of rehabilitation following a standardized silicone liner programme compared with that following a conventional soft dressing programme. Results This study included 16 patients who underwent the silicone liner programme and 11 patients who underwent the soft dressing programme. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, sex, interval between amputation and admission to the rehabilitation centre and stump length. The duration required for the completion of the rehabilitation programme was significantly shorter for the silicone liner programme compared with the soft dressing programme (mean ± SD: 77.3 days ± 13.4 versus 125.4 days ± 66.4 days, respectively). Conclusion A standardized silicone liner programme reduced the duration of rehabilitation and could be a valuable replacement for soft dressing-based stump management.
Physical disabilities in Asia: A meta-synthesis of qualitative literature written in English
Authors: Jane Shamrock H , Gray Marion , Cameron Melainie , Oprescu Florin 
Published: May 2016

Introduction Research shows that occupational therapists and occupational therapy students are increasingly taking up positions in cross-cultural contexts where occupational form, social values and understanding of occupation are different to Western norms. It may be difficult for the occupational therapist to identify the implication of cultural differences. Method This meta-synthesis investigated lived experience of physical disability in East and Southeast Asia with the aim of identifying local understandings of disability, using the technique of meta-ethnography as described by Noblit and Hare. Findings Fourteen articles met the selection criteria and six overarching themes were identified concerning disability in Asia: theme (1), the influence of disability on relationships within primary groups; theme (2), journeys in resilience vary among individuals; theme (3), managing poor health makes disability difficult; theme (4), education is important and difficult for people with disabilities to achieve; theme (5), financial hardship is closely linked to disability; and theme (6), values and beliefs are enmeshed in the experiences of living with disabilities. Conclusion There is a wide range of experiences of disability. Occupational therapy services and research may be more effective for people with disabilities in cross-cultural settings, when these factors are investigated and incorporated into practice.
Ṭhakkura
Authors: Upadhyaya Rashmi 
Published: May 2016

This article intends to provide an extensive study of ṭhakkura, whose emergence as feudatory chief in early medieval northern India is well attested from sources. Based on the evidence of Sanskrit literary texts and inscriptions, it focuses upon the obligations of this class of landholders towards the state and overlord. In return of the services rendered by him, a ṭhakkura was provided with the grants of land and villages either by the king or the respective overlord. His position as sub-vassal under important Rajput clans in northern India is also established from contemporary inscriptional records. The Brahman ṭhakkuras, who are mentioned in the inscriptions with their gotras and pravaras, received unconditional grants of land and villages for the acquisition of spiritual merit on special occasions and holy dates ( tithis). The functions of ṭhakkura chiefs as holders of villages or land are also being highlighted in the present paper. The local village assembly consisting of panchkula or mahājans maintained the account of the activities of ṭhakkuras and also imposed some restrictions on them. Besides serving as military chief, which was the foremost duty of a ṭhakkura, he was also appointed on various official and unofficial posts. The conferment of the title ṭhakkura in some cases to the persons who already held the titles like rānaka, rājputra and rāuta naturally strengthened the position of ṭhakkura title holders in the feudal hierarchy. The evidence regarding their role as traders in Gujarat is however scarce. On account of the significant position held by a ṭhakkura, his sons and grandsons often inherited his rank and office. With the liquidation of feudal order, many of these ṭhakkuras lost their earlier holdings. They were confined as petty bhomiās in most parts of western Marwar in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.