bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental workforce availability and dental services utilization in Appalachia: a geospatial analysis
Authors: Feng Xue , Sambamoorthi Usha , Wiener R. Constance 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesThere is considerable variation in dental services utilization across Appalachian counties, and a plausible explanation is that individuals in some geographical areas do not utilize dental care due to dental workforce shortage. We conducted an ecological study on dental workforce availability and dental services utilization in Appalachia.MethodsWe derived county‐level (n = 364) data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and dental services utilization in Appalachia from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) using person‐level data. We obtained county‐level dental workforce availability and physician‐to‐population ratio estimates from Area Health Resources File and linked them to the county‐level BRFSS data. The dependent variable was the proportion using dental services within the last year in each county (ranging from 16.6% to 91.0%). We described the association between dental workforce availability and dental services utilization using ordinary least squares regression and spatial regression techniques. Spatial analyses consisted of bivariate local indicators of spatial association (LISA) and geographically weighted regression (GWR).ResultsBivariate LISA showed that counties in the central and southern Appalachian regions had significant (P < 0.05) low–low spatial clusters (low dental workforce availability, low percent dental services utilization). GWR revealed considerable local variations in the association between dental utilization and dental workforce availability. In the multivariate GWR models, 8.5% (t‐statistics > 1.96) and 13.45% (t‐statistics > 1.96) of counties showed positive and statistically significant relationships between the dental services utilization and workforce availability of dentists and dental hygienists, respectively.ConclusionsDental workforce availability was associated with dental services utilization in the Appalachian region; however, this association was not statistically significant in all counties. The findings suggest that program and policy efforts to improve dental services utilization need to focus on factors other than increasing the dental workforce availability for many counties in Appalachia.
Incidence and risk factors of late recurrence in patients with salivary gland cancer
Authors: Park G.C. , Roh J.‐L. , Cho K.‐J. , Jin M.H. , Choi S.‐H. , Nam S.Y. , Kim S.Y. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesRecurrence in the late post‐treatment period is relatively common in salivary gland cancer (SGC), but risk factors and survival associated with late recurrence have been rarely studied. We investigated the incidence and risk factors of SGC recurrence >5 years after treatment and associated survival.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingUniversity hospital.ParticipantsA total of 240 patients with previously untreated SGC who underwent definitive treatment.Main outcome measuresLate recurrence was defined as recurrence at a time point >5 years after treatment. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to identify the association of clinicopathologic factors with recurrence‐free survival (RFS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and late recurrence.ResultsOf the 240 patients, 124 (51.7%) patients developed recurrence during a median follow‐up of 160.0 months (range 121.5–282.2 months). Sixteen (6.7%) patients developed late recurrence; the median time to late recurrence was 92.5 months (range 60.2–138.3 months) after treatment. Multivariable analysis showed that primary site, histologic grade and N classification were independent variables of both RFS and CSS (P < 0.05 each). Extraparenchymal extension was also an independent variable of CSS (P = 0.022). In addition, a non‐parotid tumour location was a significant factor for late recurrence in multivariable analysis (P = 0.017). The median overall survival after the development of late recurrence was 79.7 months (range 0.2–163.4 months), significantly longer than that after early recurrence (19.7 months) (P = 0.043).ConclusionLate recurrence occurs in some SGC patients. Long‐term close surveillance may be required for patients with non‐parotid SGC.
Influence of working model angle on the formation of a pressure‐formed mouthguard
Authors: Mizuhashi Fumi , Koide Kaoru , Mizuhashi Ryo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground/AimCustom‐made mouthguards are fabricated on working models. However, the influence of the working model to the mouthguard characteristics has not been clearly established. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the angle of the working model on the formation of a pressure‐formed mouthguard.Materials and methodsMouthguard sheets of 3.8 mm ethylene vinyl acetate were pressure‐formed onto working models. The angle of the working model formed by the labial surface of the central incisor and the base of the working model was set at 85°, 90°, and 95°. The thickness of the mouthguard was measured at the labial surface of the central incisor, and the buccal and occlusal surfaces of the first molar. Differences in the thickness of the mouthguards were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance.ResultsMouthguard thickness varied among the measured regions of the central incisors and first molars (P < 0.01). The thickness at the labial surface of the central incisor and buccal surface of the first molar was greatest for mouthguards formed using the working model with the angle set at 85° (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe angle of the working model at the labial surface of the central incisor and the base of the working model should be maintained at an acute angle (e.g., 85°) to control the thickness at the central incisors and the first molars of pressure‐formed mouthguards.
Obesity, physical activity and traumatic dental injuries in adolescents from East London
Authors: Aswathikutty Aswathikutty , Marcenes Wagner , Stansfeld Stephen A. , Bernabé Eduardo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground/AimsEvidence on the interplay between obesity, physical activity and traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) is still inconclusive and heavily based on cross‐sectional studies. The aim of this study was to explore the interrelationship of obesity and physical activity at age 11–12 years with TDI at age 15–16‐years among schoolchildren from East London.Materials and methodData were analysed regarding 598 adolescents who participated in phases I and III of the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS), a longitudinal, school‐based study of adolescents in East London. Participants reported their level of physical activity and their height and weight were measured to estimate body mass index Z‐scores (according to the UK growth reference) when they were 11–12 years old. Oral clinical examinations were conducted to assess TDI, overjet and lip coverage when participants were 15–16 years old. The associations of obesity and physical activity with TDI were evaluated in crude and adjusted models using binary logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 22.6% of adolescents were obese and 7.2% exercised for 7 h or more a week at baseline, while 18.1% of adolescents had experienced TDI by age 15–16 years. Physical activity (7+ hours per week) was significantly associated with TDI (odds ratio: 2.19; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–4.43) in the crude model. However, no significant associations were found between obesity and TDI (1.18; 95% CI: 0.72–1.93) or physical activity and TDI (1.96; 95% CI: 0.94–4.07) in adjusted models.ConclusionThis study found no evidence of any associations of obesity and physical activity with TDI among adolescents from East London.
Shape change in mouthguard sheets during thermoforming – part 2: effect of the anteroposterior position of the model on mouthguard thickness
Authors: Takahashi Mutsumi , Araie Yoshiaki , Satoh Yoshihide , Iwasaki Shin‐ichi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground/AimMouthguards can reduce the risk of sports‐related injuries, but the sheet material and thickness have a large effect on their efficacy and safety. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of model position in the molding machine on the reduction in mouthguard thickness.Materials and methodsEthylene vinyl acetate sheets and olefin copolymer sheets were used for thermoforming by a pressure‐ or a vacuum‐forming machine. The working model was trimmed to the height of 25 mm at the maxillary central incisor and 20 mm at maxillary first molar. For both pressure forming and vacuum forming, the model was placed with the anterior rim of the model positioned 40, 30, 25, 20, or 10 mm from the front of the sheet frame. An additional test was carried out at 50 mm for vacuum forming. The sheet thickness after fabrication was determined for the incisal edge, labial surface, and buccal surface using a specialized caliper. The difference of the model position on the reduction in thickness in each forming device and sheet material was analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests.ResultThe reductions in thickness at the incisal edge and labial surface were about −60% and −50%, respectively, for the distance of 25 mm from the front of forming table. That position was the same as the height of the anterior part of the model for each molding machine and sheet material. The anterior thickness after molding became greater as the distance between the model and the sheet frame became smaller.ConclusionThe results showed that the thickness reduction was large when the distance from the model to the frame was small. This demonstrates the importance of centering the sheet and the model to achieve the most stable molding when positioning the model in the forming unit.
Modelling individual variability in growth of bull trout in the Walla Walla River Basin using a hierarchical von Bertalanffy growth model
Authors: Harris Julianne E. , Newlon Courtney , Howell Philip J. , Koch Ryan C. , Haeseker Steven L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe examined growth in length of fluvial bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Walla Walla River Basin, Washington and Oregon. Our objectives were to quantify individual variability in growth; examine growth within and among years, life history forms, life stages and sexes; and estimate von Bertalanffy growth parameters. Individual variability was evaluated by modelling asymptotic length (L∞) and the growth coefficient (k) as random variables. All models were fit with Bayesian methods and were evaluated for fit by the deviance information criterion. By incorporating individual variability, population‐level estimates ofL∞andkappeared appropriate and estimated growth trajectories for specific bull trout fit individual observed patterns in growth. Growth trajectories and positive correlation between individual estimates ofL∞andksuggest that some individuals grow at a faster rate and reach a larger maximum size than other individuals and those differences are maintained throughout life. Selected models suggest that fluvial migrants have higher estimates ofL∞andkthan residents, but there were only slight differences in parameter estimates among migrants from two adjacent spawning populations in the Walla Walla River Basin, as well as between males and females. Growth rates increased for fluvial migrants after subadult emigration. Individual variability in growth is consistent with the life history diversity assumed essential for bull trout population persistence. Quantifying this variability is important for modelling population dynamics and viability to conserve this threatened species.
Identification and characterization of GmPDIL7, a soybean ER membrane‐bound protein disulfide isomerase family protein
Authors: Okuda Aya , Matsusaki Motonori , Masuda Taro , Urade Reiko 
Published: December 2016

Most proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) possess intramolecular and intermolecular disulfide bonds, which play an important role in the conformational stability and function of proteins. Hence, eukaryotic cells contain protein disulfide bond formation pathways such as the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)‐ER oxidoreductin 1 (Ero1) system in the ER lumen. In this study, we identified soybean PDIL7 (GmPDIL7), a novel soybean ER membrane‐bound PDI family protein, and determined its enzymatic properties. GmPDIL7 has a putative N‐terminal signal sequence, a thioredoxin domain with an active center motif (CGHC), and a putative C‐terminal transmembrane region. Likewise, we demonstrated that GmPDIL7 is ubiquitously expressed in soybean tissues and is localized in the ER membrane. Furthermore, GmPDIL7 associated with other soybean PDI family proteins in vivo and GmPDIL7 mRNA was slightly upregulated under ER stress. The redox potential of recombinant GmPDIL7 expressed in Escherichia coli was −187 mV, indicating that GmPDIL7 could oxidize unfolded proteins. GmPDIL7 exhibited a dithiol oxidase activity level that was similar to other soybean PDI family proteins. However, the oxidative refolding activity of GmPDIL7 was lower than other soybean PDI family proteins. GmPDIL7 was well oxidized by GmERO1. Taken together, our results indicated that GmPDIL7 primarily plays a role as a supplier of disulfide bonds in nascent proteins for oxidative folding on the ER membrane.DatabaseThe nucleotide sequence data for the GmPDIL7 cDNA are available in the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) databases under the accession numbers LC158001.EnzymeProtein disulfide isomerase: EC 5.3.4.1
Nitrile, Latex, Neoprene and Vinyl Gloves: A Primary Source of Contamination for Trace Element and Zn Isotopic Analyses in Geological and Biological Samples
Authors: Garçon Marion , Sauzéat Lucie , Carlson Richard W. , Shirey Steven B. , Simon Mélanie , Balter Vincent , Boyet Maud 
Published: December 2016

Exogenic contamination is of primary concern for geochemical and biological clean laboratories working with sample sizes at the nanogram or even subpicogram level. Here, we determined sixty trace elements in fifteen different types of gloves from major suppliers world‐wide to evaluate whether gloves could be potential sources of contamination for routine trace element and isotope measurements. We found that all gloves contain some trace elements that can be easily mobilised in significant amounts. In weak acid at room temperature, the tested gloves released up to 17 mg of Zn, more than 1 μg of Mg, Ti, Mn, Fe, Rb, Sr, Zr, Sn, Hf and Pb and between 100 and 1000 ng of Li, Sc, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Ga, As, Se, Y, Ag, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Tl and Th. Vinyl gloves released lower quantities of biologically and geologically important elements, with the exception of In and Sn. Isotopic analyses indicate that all gloves share roughly the same Zn isotopic composition (average δ66Zn = +0.10 ± 0.32‰ (2s)). A single contact between glove and labware releases an average of ~ 6 ng of Zn and hence can significantly shift δ66Zn above the precision level when the amount of Zn determined is below 500 ng.
Asset Pricing Model Uncertainty: A Tradeoff between Bias and Variance
Authors: Zhou Qing 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper draws a parallel between model combination and the mean–variance tradeoff in Modern Portfolio Theory (Markowitz 1952) and proposes a bias–variance tradeoff framework. Building on the bias–variance tradeoff framework, the paper proposes a Model Portfolio Approach (MPA) and a Global Minimum Variance(GMV) weighting scheme to mitigate asset pricing model uncertainty. Using a well‐conditioned pricing covariance estimator, the proposed approach improves out‐of‐sample pricing performance over six widely used asset pricing models, a model selection method and two most popular benchmarks in existing model combination studies, that is, the simple arithmetic average (“1/N”) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) weighting methods.
Mechanisms of Undersensing by a Noise Detection Algorithm That Utilizes Far‐Field Electrograms With Near‐Field Bandpass Filtering
Authors: KONERU JAYANTHI N. , SWERDLOW CHARLES D. , PLOUX SYLVAIN , SHARMA PARIKSHIT S. , KASZALA KAROLY , TAN ALEX Y. , HUIZAR JOSE F. , VIJAYARAMAN PUGAZHENDI , KENIGSBERG DAVID , ELLENBOGEN KENNETH A. 
Published: December 2016

Noise Detection Algorithm PitfallsBackgroundImplantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) must establish a balance between delivering appropriate shocks for ventricular tachyarrhythmias and withholding inappropriate shocks for lead‐related oversensing (“noise”). To improve the specificity of ICD therapy, manufacturers have developed proprietary algorithms that detect lead noise. The SecureSenseTM RV Lead Noise discrimination (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) algorithm is designed to differentiate oversensing due to lead failure from ventricular tachyarrhythmias and withhold therapies in the presence of sustained lead‐related oversensing.Methods and ResultsWe report 5 patients in whom appropriate ICD therapy was withheld due to the operation of the SecureSense algorithm and explain the mechanism for inhibition of therapy in each case. Limitations of algorithms designed to increase ICD therapy specificity, especially for the SecureSense algorithm, are analyzed.ConclusionThe SecureSense algorithm can withhold appropriate therapies for ventricular arrhythmias due to design and programming limitations. Electrophysiologists should have a thorough understanding of the SecureSense algorithm before routinely programming it and understand the implications for ventricular arrhythmia misclassification.
Sanguinarine inhibits growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells via regulation of the DUSP4/ERK pathway
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Ge , Zhang Peng‐Fei , Zhang Jing , Huang Yan‐Xia , Lu Yun‐Min , Da Wei , Sun Qun , Zhu Jin‐Shui 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSanguinarine, a bioactive benzophenanthridine alkaloid extracted from plants of the Papaveraceae family, has shown antitumour effects in multiple cancer cells. But the therapeutic effects and regulatory mechanisms of sanguinatine in gastric cancer (GC) remain elusive. This study was aimed to investigate the correlation of dual‐specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) expression with clinicopathologic features and overall survival in patients with GC and explore the effects of sanguinarine on tumour growth and invasion in GC cells (SGC‐7901 and HGC‐27) and underlying molecular mechanisms. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that decreased DUSP4 expression was associated with the sex, tumour size, depth of invasion and distant metastasis in patients with GC. Functional experiments including CCK‐8, Transwell and flow cytometry analysis indicated that sanguinarine or DUSP4 overexpression inhibited GC cell viability and invasive potential, and induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest in S phase, but DUSP4 knockdown attenuated the antitumour activity of sanguinarine. Further observation demonstrated that sanguinarine up‐regulated the expression of DUSP4 and Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax), but down‐regulated phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (p‐ERK), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2) and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) expression. Taken together, our findings indicate that sanguinarine inhibits growth and invasion of GC cells through regulation of the DUSP4/ERK pathway, suggesting that sanguinarine may have potential for use in GC treatment.
Refining anti‐inflammatory therapy strategies for bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Rudloff Ina , Cho Steven X. , Bui Christine B. , McLean Catriona , Veldman Alex , Berger Philip J. , Nold Marcel F. , Nold‐Petry Claudia A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe lung disease of preterm infants, which is characterized by fewer, enlarged alveoli and increased inflammation. BPD has grave consequences for affected infants, but no effective and safe therapy exists. We previously showed that prophylactic treatment with interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) prevents murine BPD induced by perinatal inflammation and hyperoxia. Here, we used the same BPD model to assess whether an alternative anti‐inflammatory agent, protein C (PC), is as effective as IL‐1Ra against BPD. We also tested whether delayed administration or a higher dose of IL‐1Ra affects its ability to ameliorate BPD and investigated aspects of drug safety. Pups were reared in room air (21% O2) or hyperoxia (65% or 85% O2) and received daily injections with vehicle, 1200 IU/kg PC, 10 mg/kg IL‐1Ra (early or late onset) or 100 mg/kg IL‐1Ra. After 3 or 28 days, lung and brain histology were assessed and pulmonary cytokines were analysed using ELISA and cytokine arrays. We found that PC only moderately reduced the severe impact of BPD on lung structure (e.g. 18% increased alveolar number by PC versus 34% by IL‐1Ra); however, PC significantly reduced IL‐1β, IL‐1Ra, IL‐6 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐2 by up to 89%. IL‐1Ra at 10 mg/kg prevented BPD more effectively than 100 mg/kg IL‐1Ra, but only if treatment commenced at day 1 of life. We conclude that prophylactic low‐dose IL‐1Ra and PC ameliorate BPD and have potential as the first remedy for one of the most devastating diseases preterm babies face.
Vascular endothelial growth factor‐D modulates oxidant–antioxidant balance of human vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Papiewska‐Pająk Izabela , Balcerczyk Aneta , Stec‐Martyna Emilia , Koziołkiewicz Wiktor , Boncela Joanna 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor‐D (VEGF‐D) is an angiogenic and lymphangiogenic glycoprotein that facilitates tumour growth and distant organ metastasis. Our previous studies showed that VEGF‐D stimulates the expression of proteins involved in cell–matrix interactions and promoting the migration of endothelial cells. In this study, we focused on the redox homoeostasis of endothelial cells, which is significantly altered in the process of tumour angiogenesis. Our analysis revealed up‐regulated expression of proteins that form the antioxidant barrier of the cell in VEGF‐D‐treated human umbilical endothelial cells and increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in addition to a transient elevation in the total thiol group content. Despite a lack of changes in the total antioxidant capacity, modification of the antioxidant barrier induced by VEGF‐D was sufficient to protect cells against the oxidative stress caused by hypochlorite and paraquat. These results suggest that exogenous stimulation of endothelial cells with VEGF‐D induces an antioxidant response of cells that maintains the redox balance. Additionally, VEGF‐D‐induced changes in serine/threonine kinase mTOR shuttling between the cytosol and nucleus and its increased phosphorylation at Ser‐2448, lead us to the conclusion that the observed shift in redox balance is regulated via mTOR kinase signalling.