bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Post-heat Treatment on the Microstructures of Single Crystal DD6 Superalloy
Authors: Li Dongfan , Gao Hangshan , Wen Zhixun , Li Zhenwei , Yue Zhufeng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractVarious thermal cycles at the end of solution heat treatment and their influences on microstructure of single crystal superalloy DD6 were studied by experiments. During various thermal cycles, the qualitative and quantitative microstructure of samples quenched of the transformations is microscopically characterized. This completely includes the large changes in volume fraction, size distribution and morphology of gamma prime precipitate experienced in the upper temperature transformation. Noticeable deviation from the equilibrium volume fraction of γ’ phase is detected in both the dissolution and precipitation processes above 1,120°C for both moderate cooling and heating rate; differences were mainly attributed to the unsteady nature of the turbulent flow. The growth and alignment of the γ’ precipitates are deeply influenced by several factors, e.g. ageing time, cooling rate and quenching temperature. In addition, interesting findings such as “labyrinth” and “cluster” morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscope. During precipitation processes, the complicated microstructure evolution is illustrated by considering the consecutive equilibrium shapes of a coherent precipitate, which grows under the interaction with its neighbors and the coherency of the precipitates improves their potential to resist dissolution.
Formation of Ti5Si3 by Combustion Synthesis in a Self-Propagating Mode: Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Yeh C. L. , Chou C. C. , Hwang P. W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTitanium silicide (Ti5Si3) was fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) from the elemental powder compact. With the increase of sample density from 50 to 60% TMD, experiments showed that the flame-front velocity increased from 28 to 50 mm/s and combustion temperature from 1,580 to 1,700°C. Based on their dependence, the activation energy of the synthesis reaction,Ea=193 kJ/mol, was deduced. By numerical simulation of combustion wave kinetics, the Arrhenius factor of the rate function,K0=3×109s−1, was determined for the 5Ti + 3Si reaction system. The effect of sample compaction density on the SHS process was correlated to the variation of the effective thermal conductivity (keff) of the powder compact. The ratio ofkeff/kbulk=0.02–0.05 was numerically obtained for the 5Ti + 3Si samples with 50–60% TMD and well validated by the experimental data.
Daily life experiences of families determine the service delivery needs of children with disabilities; views of parents and service providers from three districts in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sumanasena Samanmali P. , Arulmoli K. , Sampan S.R. , Wickenden M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractParents and service providers are the key care providers for children with disabilities (CWD) and understand their living circumstances best. These children are often invisible and face many challenges to full participation within their own communities. A qualitative phenomenological action research was carried out in three districts of Sri Lanka to explore the perspectives of parents and the service providers on the needs of CWD and how those were met by the present services. This qualitative study included interviews with families, and focus group discussions with service providers. Data was analyzed using a manual thematic analysis. The parents and service providers identified the needs under three main themes. The need for activity and participation, education and rehabilitation. The parents related the needs to the practical daily experiences of families while service providers identified these based on their experiences and knowledge about the medical conditions. Parents identified the public health midwife as the best first contact primary health care worker to coordinate services. The families from Sri Lanka defined initiatives to accomplish a service delivery model which would enable better inclusion of the children in community life.
Garengeot’s hernia: two case reports with CT diagnosis and literature review
Authors: Garcia-Amador Cristina , De la Plaza Roberto , Arteaga Vladimir , Lopez-Marcano Aylhin , Ramia Jose 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Garengeot’s hernia (GH) is defined as the presence of the appendix inside a femoral hernia. It occurs in 0.9% of femoral hernias and is usually an incidental finding during surgery. Its treatment is controversial and the aim of this article is to review the diagnostic methods and surgical considerations.
We report two cases diagnosed preoperatively by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and discuss the treatment options based on a review of the literature published in PubMed updated on 1 December, 2015.
Fifty articles reporting 64 patients (50 women, mean age 70 years) with GH were included in the analysis. Diagnosis was performed by preoperative CT in only 24 cases, including our two. The treatment of GH is emergency surgery. Several options are available laparoscopic or open approach: insertion of a mesh or simple herniorrhaphy, with or without appendectomy.

Conslusion
The preoperative diagnosis with CT can guide the choice of treatment. Appendectomy and hernioplasty should be performed via inguinotomy, if there is no perforation or abscess formation.
Natural Theology, Philosophical Theology
and Illustrative Argumentation
Authors: Shokhin Vladimir K. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
I will attempt to define what we understand as “narrative argumentation” or “narrative
arguments” through an appeal to a discussion of intercultural rational theology. In this context I offer a
distinction between two concepts, which are considered usually as synonymous. Philosophical theology
is regarded from the historical point of view as the whole repertoire of attempts at rational justification
of the faith in God along with analysis of His attributes and actions within different religious traditions
(both ancient and modern, Western and Eastern), whereas Natural Theology is regarded as a philosophical
preparation for the theology of Revelation in traditional Christianity. Varieties of the teleological
argument, which have been developed in the history of thought as the argument from analogy, i.e., from
vivid examples aiming at persuasion of an opponent and audience in the dialectical controversy, are
classified into two species of short-cut illustrative examples and the species of full-fledged theological
parables, i.e., narratives in the strict sense. I conclude this discussion with an invitation to investigate
other main theological arguments from a similar point of view.
Phraseologie und Diskurslinguistik – Schnittstellen, Fallbeispiele und Forschungsperspektiven
Authors: Stumpf Sören , Kreuz Christian D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe following article illustrates connections between the two linguistic subareas of phraseology and linguistic discourse studies. First, it will be shown how phrasemes have been analyzed in linguistic discourse studies and how discourse linguistics approaches have been presented in phraseology so far. Second, the commonalities between these two fields of research will be discussed. And third, the potential of phrasemes within discourse will be demonstrated by way of giving authentic examples from different so called domains (such as sports, religion, society, and politics).
Dialogische Textkompetenz – Routinisiertes Schreiben in studentischer Online-Teamarbeit
Authors: Lindemann Katrin , Ruoss Emanuel , Weinzinger Caroline 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCurrent concepts in writing research primarily focus on monological texts, by which we mean texts that do not demand a reply. But nowadays, dialogical writing – the exchange of messages via e.g. e-mail, text message or internet forum – is increasingly prevalent in private, educational and professional life. We therefore argue that concepts of writing research should also be made applicable to dialogical writing. Based on empirical data from two university e-learning classes, we show how students use communicative routines in order to manage a specific (writing) task: During their group work students face the challenge of initiating new steps and mobilising other group members to proceed with the project. Our study shows that texts accomplishing this task usually follow a three-part structure: They give reasons why writing to the group becomes necessary (“account”), they request the start or continuation of working (“projection”) and they present a personal contribution to the task (“achievement/input”). In cooperative online work, appropriate dialogical writing is a crucial skill. This “dialogical text competence”, as we call it, cannot be taken for granted; indeed it must be taught and practiced as it differs from competences necessary in face-to-face interaction or for writing texts in non-dialogical contexts. We therefore close our paper with a discussion of our results under the aspect of learning and facilitating dialogical text competence in contexts that offer practical experience.
Evaluación de la concentración de los aldehídos en el aire en la Reserva Biológica Monteverde y en la ciudad de Heredia, Costa Rica
Authors: Salazar-López Brenda , Sibaja-Brenes José Pablo , Valdés-González Juan , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Gerardo 
Published: September 2016

Se determinó la concentración de seis aldehídos en muestras de aire, durante abril-junio de 2015, en la Reserva Biológica Monteverde (RBM) y en Heredia, Costa Rica. El formaldehído, el acetaldehído, el propanal, el butanal, el hexanal y el heptanal se tomaron con cartuchos de adsorción recubiertos con una disolución de la 2,4-dinitrofenilhidrazina (2,4-DNFH) y se analizaron por HPLC con un detector ultravioleta visible. Las concentraciones promedio de cada aldehído en Heredia se encontraron entre 12,78 µg/m3 y 72,57 µg/m3 durante la época seca y entre 7,95 µg/m3y 62,30 µg/m3 durante la transición a la época lluviosa; mientras que en la RBM las concentraciones encontradas estuvieron entre 1,93 µg/m3 y 22,62 µg/m3 durante la época seca y entre 0,26 µg/m3 y 4,68 µg/m3 durante la transición a la época lluviosa. La concentración total de los carbonilos en Heredia fue de 241,08 µg/m3 en la época seca y de 172,95 µg/m3 en la transición a la época lluviosa; esto, debido al efecto de dilución de contaminantes que hacen las lluvias y que la actividad fotoquímica es mayor en la época seca que en la transición a la época lluviosa. La concentración total de los carbonilos en la RBM fue de 42,07 µg/m3 en la época seca y de 13,47 µg/m3 en la transición a la época lluviosa.
Feohifomicosis nasal por Exophiala dermatidis
Authors: Solís Rojas Natalia , Muñóz Hernández Enrique , Villalobos Zúñiga Manuel Antonio 
Published: September 2016

Paciente masculino de 74 años, vecino de Turrubares, domador de caballos, con antecedentes personales patológicos de gastrectomía total, EPOC y osteoporosis. Consulta por tumoración violácea de 6 meses de evolución en fosa nasal izquierda, de crecimiento lentamente progresivo, asociado a epistaxis leve, y rinorrea fétida. Mediante examen físico, cultivo y biopsia se diagnostica feohifomicosis por Exophialadermatidis. Tras dos meses de resección quirúrgica, se documenta recurrencia de la lesión, por lo que se decide hospitalizar para tratamiento antifúngico endovenoso con anfotericina B deoxicolato e itraconazol por seis meses. Sin embargo, tras dos meses de tratamiento con itraconazol, amerita nueva hospitalización por recaída clínica, realizándose escisión quirúrgica completa y cambiando tratamiento a posaconazol, cursando el paciente posteriormente asintomatico, sin necesidad de nuevas intervenciones terapéuticas
Femenina de 30 años con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico y Mielitis Transversa Longitudinalmente Extendida
Authors: Sánchez Benavides Marvin , Vásquez Cespedes Johanna 
Published: September 2016

Paciente femenina de 30 años, con antecedente de depresión crónica y diagnóstico reciente de Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES), consulta por cuadro de dos días de evolución caracterizado por debilidad en miembros inferiores, que posteriormente asocia parestesias, paraplejía flácida, retención urinaria e incontinencia fecal. Al examen físico se documenta VI par derecho con nistagmo horizontal, arreflexia en miembros inferiores, globo vesical y nivel sensitivo T6. Ante la sospecha de mielitis transversa, se inicia inmunosupresión con esteroides intravenosos más ciclofosfamida mensual y aféresis, tras lo cual se evidencia una paulatina mejoría clínica. Se realizó una resonancia magnética del cordón espinal que evidenció lesiones difusas hiperintensas en la secuencia T2 con compromiso longitudinal desde el tercio distal espinal hasta el cono medular compatible con Mielitis Transversam Longitudinalmente Extendida (MTLE). Se egresa de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos con mejoría clínica y se continúa manejo con ciclofosfamida mensual. Actualmente persiste con discreta hipoestesia en silla de montar y deambula sin dificultad con bastón. Se reporta un caso de MTLE en LES, a la fecha se han reportado menos de 30 casos en la literatura mundial.
Frecuencia de malformaciones congénitas detectadas en la Sección de Gineco-obstetricia y Neonatología del Hospital San Juan de Dios durante el periodo comprendido entre enero a diciembre del año 2014
Authors: Zambrano García Amy Carolina , Bustillos Villavicencio Joaquín , Parra Ramírez Pablo , Saborío López Veronica , Calderón Solano Eugenio , Mora Sandí Jorge Arturo 
Published: September 2016

Al revisar los casos registrados de malformaciones fetales durante el año 2014, nos brinda una perspectiva de cuáles tipos de dismorfismos estamos detectando en nuestro medio y su frecuencia. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de forma retrospectivo en el Hospital San Juan de Dios, San José, Costa Rica, con un total de 54 nacidos vivos durante el período de mEnero a Diciembre del año 2014, a los cuales se les diagnosticó al nacimiento determinada malformación congénita, simple o múltiple y que hubiesen nacido ya sea por parto o cesárea. El criterio de inclusión son los productos que nacieron con una o más malformaciones congénitas durante el período Enero a Diciembre de 2014, en el Hospital San Juan de Dios. Se excluyeron pacientes que no presentaban datos completos en la boleta de notificación del Hospital San Juan de Dios.Se reportaron en dicho periodo 5004 nacimientos, de los cuales 4960 fueron nacidosvivos, y de éstos 54 presentaron malformaciones congénitas. Las malformaciones congénitas fueron clasificadas por sistema, se obtuvo como resultado que las de mayor incidencia fueron las del sistema nervioso central, 14 casos para un 22.9%, le siguen las del sistema genitourinario y músculo esqueléticas con 10 casos, 16.3% respectivamente. Del sistema gastrointestinal se presentaron 9 casos para un 14.7%, dentro de los síndromes se presentaron 9 casos, siendo el de mayor incidencia síndrome de Down (trisomía 21), 6 casos, además síndrome de Edward, Patau y Peters Plus, las de menor incidencia fueron las cardiovasculares, 5 casos (8.1%), craneofaciales 3 casos (4.9%) y del sistema respiratorio 1 caso.En nuestro estudio, la incidencia de malformaciones congénitas en el año 2014 fue 1.7%, siendo las más frecuentes las del sistema nervioso central, luego las músculo esqueléticas y genitourinarias. Las del sistema cardiovascular representaron una baja incidencia 8.1% del total y el área de mayor procedencia de madres con productos con malformaciones congénitas fue Santa Ana en la provincia de San José.
Corticoesteroides en shock séptico: ¿Cuándo utilizarlos?
Authors: Villalobos Zuñiga Manuel Antonio , Salazar Arias Nazaret , Valverde Zuñiga Adrian , Arroyo Sánchez Gloriana 
Published: September 2016

El shock séptico (SS) es muy prevalente en la actualidad, situándose entre las principales 10 causas de muerte a nivel mundial. Por su perfil farmacológico, se ha propuesto en diversas ocasiones que el uso de esteroides en SS puede asociar un efecto benéfico en la sobrevida de los pacientes. Numerosos estudios se han realizado con el fin de demostrar el papel de los mismos, considerando tanto la farmacodinamia y farmacocinética de los corticoesteroides (CS), así como sus efectos finales a nivel de mortalidad, reversibilidad del estado de shock, y posibles efectos adversos. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir basado en la evidencia actual, el papel de estos fármacos en dicha patología con el fin de definir los distintos escenarios en los que el paciente puede beneficiarse de los mismos.
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF RHODAMINE B USING Ag NANO DOPED TiO2 PREPARED BY -IRRADIATION METHOD
Authors: Nhu Vo Thi Thu , Duy Nguyen Ngoc , Tuan Huynh Nguyen Anh , Ngan Nguyen Pham Tu , Minh Do Quang , Hien Nguyen Quoc 
Published: September 2016

Ag nano deposited on TiO2 (Degussa P25) (Ag nano/TiO2) photo-catalyst has been synthesized by g-irradiation method. The characteristics of Ag nano/TiO2 material has been investigated by BET surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The photo-catalytic properties of Ag nano/TiO2 for degradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution under visible light have been studied. Results indicated that Ag nano/TiO2 photo-catalyst exhibited better photo-catalytic activity compared to that of TiO2 under the same reaction condition. The higher activity of Ag nano/TiO2 is due the enhancement of electron–hole separation effect on the surface of the catalyst. At 1.5% Ag doping content, the Ag nano/ TiO2 photo-catalyst exhibited the highest photo-catalytic activity under visible light.
COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF OTD AND CTC BLACK TEAS (Camellia sinensis) FOR THE VOLATILE PROFILE DIFFERENTIATION BY HS-SPME/GC-MS
Authors: Tuan Hoang Quoc , Thinh Nguyen Duy , Minh Tu Nguyen Thi 
Published: September 2016

A total of fourteen different commercial brands of black teas including Orthodox (OTD) teas and Crush Tear Curl (CTC) teas were collected at different markets with origin from 07 countries, and their volatile flavour compounds (VFC) were compared by analyses, using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Among the 60 volatiles identified, terpenes (10.28%-59.88% PAR), ketones (1.85%-22.02% PAR) and esters (3.13%-418% PAR) represented the most abundant compounds. The result showed that the number of volatile compounds detected in the aromas of CTC teas were lower than in orthodox tea. Furthermore, the low contents of aldehydes and alcohols in the volatile profile of CTC tea in comparison with OTD tea, while the content of esters in the CTC teas is higher than those of OTD teas were found. Both teas, Orthodox tea and CTC tea, could be classified base on volatile profiles analysis by carrying out principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The data presented in this studied also suggest that, for geographical origin of teas, Terpene Index can be used as a means of discrimination.
Using Young Adult (YA) Literature in a Classroom: How Does YA Literature Impact Writing Literacies
Authors: Hays Alice 
Published: September 2016

While English teachers are working to incorporate various versions of the Common Core State Standards into their curriculum, they are often emphasizing canonical fiction over alternative literature that students may connect with at a higher engagement level. Young Adult (YA) literature may help teachers meet the needs of the whole student as well as local standards. The purposes of this study were (1) to explore how students engaged with reading and writing after reading YA literature, (2) to evaluate whether the YA students’ writing samples differed from the canonical group’s, (3) to determine if students see themselves as better writers after the experience, and (4) to examine the teacher’s perception of reading YA Literature. The research was conducted in a single teacher’s 9th grade classes at an urban high school in the Southwest with a primarily Hispanic population. Two groups worked with canonical literature, and two groups worked with YA literature. All students were given a modified version of the Daly Miller Writing Apprehension Survey before and after they read either a YA short story or a classic short story. They then constructed a writing sample using the same generic prompt for all groups. Several students and the teacher were interviewed after the process. Quantitative results showed that students who read the YA pieces increased their mean score on the modified Daly Miller Survey. Their writing samples had a greater mean score than the canonical group. The qualitative results also indicated greater engagement and understanding of the YA literature, while the teacher expressed enjoyment in teaching both pieces since they were both received well by the students. Finding that students improved in a quantifiable way after using YA literature indicates that there are pedagogical reasons to incorporate YA literature in the classroom, in addition to enhancing enjoyment.
Assessment of visualisation skills in biochemistry students
Authors: Mnguni Lindelani , Schönborn Konrad , Anderson Trevor 
Published: September 2016

In the field of biochemistry, the use of external representations such as static diagrams and animations has increased rapidly in recent years. However, their effectiveness as instructional tools can be hindered if students lack the visual literacy and cognitive skills necessary for processing and interpreting such representations. We aimed to identify and assess visualisation skills necessary for effective processing of external representations in biochemistry. We used a modified Bloom’s taxonomy to identify the cognitive skills essential for optimal visual literacy, and designed probes based on those skills to develop a test instrument. Student responses to the probes were scored and processed with the Rasch model. This approach enabled us to rate the degree of difficulty of each visualisation skill on a linear logit scale, and to generate a person–item map to measure biochemistry students’ level of visual literacy. The results showed that the identified visualisation skills could be measured reliably, and the Rasch model was effective both for ranking the skills according to level of difficulty and for estimating a student’s relative level of visual literacy.

Significance:

Addresses a recurring problem in biochemistry and similar fields.
Identifies relevant skills to inform teaching and learning in biochemistry.
Do African microfinance institutions need efficiency for financial stability and social outreach?
Authors: Azad Md A.K. , Munisamy Susila , Masum Abdul K.M. , Wanke Peter 
Published: September 2016

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) have the dual objective of providing social welfare and financial stability. We evaluated the financial efficiency of MFIs in sub-Saharan African countries by comparing their regional performances during the period 2004–2013. We addressed prevailing MFI heterogeneity by using the concept of ‘metafrontier’. The results showed that on an average, more than half the MFIs showed a drop in productivity. The measure of how much one country gets closer to or further away from world frontier technology is commonly known as the TGC score. In world frontier technology, East and South Asian countries have taken the lead (TGC score 1.0048) while sub-Saharan African countries lag behind (TGC score 1.0020). Most East and South Asian countries have a TGC score of 1, and most sub-Saharan African countries have a TGC score less than 1. This signifies that Asian countries lead world frontier technology and most African countries do not. The decomposition of efficiency scores showed that with regard to technical changes, African nations had progressed on average only 0.01%, and efficiency change scores had regressed by 0.59% annually.

Significance:

First efficiency study on microfinance institutions and their heterogeneity in Africa.
The results show robust discrimination among the efficiency scores.