bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-chain alkanes and fatty acids fromLudwigia octovalvisweed leaf surface waxes as short-range attractant and ovipositional stimulant toAltica cyanea(Weber) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Mitra S. , Sarkar N. , Barik A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe importance of leaf surface wax compounds from the rice-field weedLudwigia octovalvis(Jacq.) Raven (Onagraceae) was determined in the flea beetleAltica cyanea(Weber) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Extraction, thin layer chromatography and GC-MS and GC-FID analyses of surface waxes of young, mature and senescent leaves revealed 20, 19 and 19n-alkanes betweenn-C15andn-C35, respectively; whereas 14, 14 and 12 free fatty acids between C12:0 and C22:0 fatty acids were identified in young, mature and senescent leaves, respectively. Tricosane was predominantn-alkane in young and mature leaves, whilst eicosane predominated in senescent leaves. Heneicosanoic acid, palmitic acid and docosanoic acid were the most abundant free fatty acids in young, mature and senescent leaves, respectively.A. cyaneafemales showed attraction to 0.25 mature leaf equivalent surface waxes compared with young or senescent leaves in a short glass Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. The insects were attracted to a synthetic blend of 0.90, 1.86, 1.83, 1.95, 0.50 and 0.18 µg ml−1petroleum ether of hexadecane, octadecane, eicosane, tricosane, palmitic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, respectively, comparable with the proportions as present in 0.25 mature leaf equivalent surface waxes.A. cyaneaalso laid eggs on a filter paper moistened with 0.25 mature leaf equivalent surface waxes or a synthetic blend of 0.90, 1.86, 1.83, 1.95, 0.50 and 0.18 µg ml−1petroleum ether of hexadecane, octadecane, eicosane, tricosane, palmitic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, respectively. This finding could provide a basis for monitoring of the potential biocontrol agent in the field.
Finding the Harm in Hate Speech: An Argument against Censorship
Authors: Newman Stephen L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe liberal justification for censorship equates the harm in hate speech with the sort of tangible injury that would justify state intervention under J.S. Mill's harm principle. Recently, Jeremy Waldron has suggested that the real harm perpetuated by hate speech is less tangible, taking it to be a variety of moral pollution which undermines both the public good of inclusiveness and the minority's assurance of personal dignity. This paper scrutinizes Waldron's conception of the harm in hate speech, arguing that it lacks the specificity and gravity Mill's principle requires in order to justify censorship. The paper also questions the categorical distinction between hate speech and speech that is “merely offensive,” arguing that Waldron's reasons for censoring the one also apply to the other. The result is a censorship regime that liberals ought not to accept.
On the Universal SL2-Representation Rings of Free Groups
Authors: Satoh Takao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we give an explicit realization of the universal SL2-representation rings of free groups by using ‘the ring of component functions’ of SL(2, ℂ)-representations of free groups. We introduce a descending filtration of the ring, and determine the structure of its graded quotients. Then we study the natural action of the automorphism group of a free group on the graded quotients, and introduce a generalized Johnson homomorphism. In the latter part of this paper, we investigate some properties of these homomorphisms from a viewpoint of twisted cohomologies of the automorphism group of a free group.
GRIN3B missense mutation as an inherited risk factor for schizophrenia: whole-exome sequencing in a family with a familiar history of psychotic disorders
Authors: HORNIG TOBIAS , GRÜNING BJÖRN , KUNDU KOUSIK , HOUWAART TORSTEN , BACKOFEN ROLF , BIBER KNUT , NORMANN CLAUS 
Published: January 2017

SummaryGlutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a glutamate-gated ionotropic cation channel that is composed of several subunits and modulated by a glycine binding site. Many forms of synaptic plasticity depend on the influx of calcium ions through NMDA receptors, and NMDA receptor dysfunction has been linked to a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in a family with a strong history of psychotic disorders over three generations. We used an iterative strategy to obtain condense and meaningful variants. In this highly affected family, we found a frameshift mutation (rs10666583) in the GRIN3B gene, which codes for the GluN3B subunit of the NMDA receptor in all family members with a psychotic disorder, but not in the healthy relatives. Matsuno et al., also reported this null variant as a risk factor for schizophrenia in 2015. In a broader sample of 22 patients with psychosis, the allele frequency of the rs10666583 mutation variant was increased compared to those of healthy population samples and unaffected relatives. Compared to the 1000 Genomes Project population, we found a significant increase of this variant with a large effect size among patients. The amino acid shift degrades the S1/S2 glycine binding domain of the dominant modulatory GluN3B subunit of the NMDA receptor, which subsequently affects the permeability of the channel pore to calcium ions. A decreased glycine affinity for the GluN3B subunit might cause impaired functional capability of the NMDA receptor and could be an important risk factor for the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders.
Effective experimental validation of miRNA targets using an improved linker reporter assay
Authors: CHOI CHEOLWON , HAN JAMES , THAO TRAN NGUYEN THI , YOON SEULGI , KIM GOEUN , SONG SUJUNG , KIM YOUNGJO , RYU SEONGHO 
Published: January 2017

SummarymiRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in various cellular processes. Although there are several algorithms that can predict the potential candidate genes that are regulated by a miRNA, these algorithms require further experimental validation in order to demonstrate genuine targets of miRNAs. Moreover, most algorithms predict hundreds to thousands of putative target genes for each miRNA, and it is difficult to validate all candidates using the whole 3′-untranslated region (UTR) reporter assay. We report a fast, simple and efficient experimental approach to screening miRNA candidate targets using a 3′-UTR linker assay. Critically, the linker has only a short miRNA regulatory element sequence of approximately 22 base pairs in length and can provide a benefit for screening strong miRNA candidates for further validation using the whole 3′-UTR sequence. Our technique will provide a simplified platform for the high-throughput screening of miRNA target gene validation.
Chasing the Yellow Demon
Authors: Johnson Ian 
Published: January 2017

Author's note: A few years ago, I read David Johnson's Spectacle and Sacrifice: The Ritual Foundations of Village Life in North China.1 The book immediately caught my attention because it dealt with parts of China that I know well: southern Hebei and eastern Shanxi provinces, where I was conducting research for a new book. Johnson describes festivals that helped bind together communities, and in several cases had information showing that some of them had been revived after the Cultural Revolution.One, particularly, seemed noteworthy: Guyi Village in the south of Hebei Province. This is near the steel-making city of Handan and one of the most polluted parts of China. I had been there several times and was fascinated with the idea that this area could also be home to elaborate, multi-day rituals that seemed otherwise not to exist in North China. According to Johnson's informants, local scholars had visited the village in the 1990s and seen exciting performances of Zhuo Huanggui, or Chasing the Yellow Demon, an exorcistic purging ritual performed at the end of the fifteen-day Chinese New Year's festival. I contacted local officials and academics, who were unsure if the ritual would be performed again. No one, it seemed, had been out to the village in years. So in mid-February 2014, I set off to see if anything was left of these complex performances.2
Characteristics of Medical Teams in Disaster
Authors: Oldenburger David , Baumann Andrea , Banfield Laura 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDisasters present unique challenges for teams providing medical assistance to those populations impacted by the event. This scoping review focused on the characteristics of medical teams in disaster and how these characteristics are developed. The scoping review methods of Arksey and O’Malley were followed. An inductive thematic analysis of selected articles was used to identify recurrent themes. A total of 6,521 articles were reviewed from eight databases, yielding 33 articles. Four recurrent theme groups were identified: (1) adaptability, flexibility, and improvisation; (2) creativity and innovation; (3) experience and training; and (4) leadership and command structure. The study highlighted key characteristics identified by responders for effective team functioning and interdependence between the characteristics. It also identified the paucity of literature on the subject. Results from the study can help to guide future research and training development for medical teams in disaster.OldenburgerD,BaumannA,BanfieldL.Characteristics of medical teams in disaster.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(2):195–200.
IAPP modulates cellular autophagy, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix metabolism in human intervertebral disc cells
Authors: Wu Xinghuo , Song Yu , Liu Wei , Wang Kun , Gao Yong , Li Shuai , Duan Zhenfeng , Shao Zengwu , Yang Shuhua , Yang Cao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe pathogenic process of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is characterized by imbalance in the extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells have important roles in maintaining the proper structure and tissue homeostasis of disc ECM. These cells need adequate supply of glucose and oxygen. Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) exerts its biological effects by regulating glucose metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of IAPP in degenerated IVD tissue, and IAPP modulation of ECM metabolism in human NP cells, especially the crosstalk mechanism between apoptosis and autophagy in these cells. We found that the expression of IAPP and Calcr-RAMP decreased considerably during IDD progression, along with the decrease in the expression of AG, BG, and Col2A1. Induction of IAPP in NP cells by transfection with pLV-IAPP enhanced the synthesis of aggrecan and Col2A1 and attenuated the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1. Upregulation of IAPP also affected the expression of the catabolic markers—matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 3, 9 and 13 and ADAMTS 4 and 5. Downregulation of IAPP by siRNA inhibited the expression of anabolic genes but increased the expression of catabolic genes and inflammatory factors. The expressions of autophagic and apoptotic markers in NP cells transfected with pLV-IAPP were upregulated, including BECLIN1, ATG5, ATG7, LC3 II/I and Bcl-2, while significantly increase in the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 in NP cells transfected with pLV-siIAPP. Mechanistically, PI3K/AKT-mTOR and p38/JNK MAPK signal pathways were involved. We propose that IAPP might play a pivotal role in the development of IDD, by regulating ECM metabolism and controlling the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in NP, thus potentially offering a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of IDD.
Controlled fabrication of nanoscale wrinkle structure by fluorocarbon plasma for highly transparent triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Cheng Xiaoliang , Miao Liming , Su Zongming , Chen Haotian , Song Yu , Chen Xuexian , Zhang Haixia 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we report a novel nanoscale wrinkle-structure fabrication process using fluorocarbon plasma on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and Solaris membranes. Wrinkles with wavelengths of hundreds of nanometers were obtained on these two materials, showing that the fabrication process was universally applicable. By varying the plasma-treating time, the wavelength of the wrinkle structure could be controlled. Highly transparent membranes with wrinkle patterns were obtained when the plasma-treating time was <125 s. The transmittances of these membranes were >90% in the visible region, making it difficult to distinguish them from a flat membrane. The deposited fluorocarbon polymer also dramatically reduced the surface energy, which allowed us to replicate the wrinkle pattern with high precision onto other membranes without any surfactant coating. The combined advantages of high electron affinity and high transparency enabled the fabricated membrane to improve the performance of a triboelectric nanogenerator. This nanoscale, single-step, and universal wrinkle-pattern fabrication process, with the functionality of high transparency and ultra-low surface energy, shows an attractive potential for future applications in micro- and nanodevices, especially in transparent energy harvesters.
Fully inkjet-printed microwave passive electronics
Authors: McKerricher Garret , Vaseem Mohammad , Shamim Atif 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFully inkjet-printed three-dimensional (3D) objects with integrated metal provide exciting possibilities for on-demand fabrication of radio frequency electronics such as inductors, capacitors, and filters. To date, there have been several reports of printed radio frequency components metallized via the use of plating solutions, sputtering, and low-conductivity pastes. These metallization techniques require rather complex fabrication, and do not provide an easily integrated or versatile process. This work utilizes a novel silver ink cured with a low-cost infrared lamp at only 80 °C, and achieves a high conductivity of 1×107 S m−1. By inkjet printing the infrared-cured silver together with a commercial 3D inkjet ultraviolet-cured acrylic dielectric, a multilayer process is demonstrated. By using a smoothing technique, both the conductive ink and dielectric provide surface roughness values of <500 nm. A radio frequency inductor and capacitor exhibit state-of-the-art quality factors of 8 and 20, respectively, and match well with electromagnetic simulations. These components are implemented in a lumped element radio frequency filter with an impressive insertion loss of 0.8 dB at 1 GHz, proving the utility of the process for sensitive radio frequency applications.
A general patterning approach by manipulating the evolution of two-dimensional liquid foams
Authors: Huang Zhandong , Su Meng , Yang Qiang , Li Zheng , Chen Shuoran , Li Yifan , Zhou Xue , Li Fengyu , Song Yanlin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe evolution of gas-liquid foams has been an attractive topic for more than half a century. However, it remains a challenge to manipulate the evolution of foams, which restricts the development of porous materials with excellent mechanical, thermal, catalytic, electrical or acoustic properties. Here we report a strategy to manipulate the evolution of two-dimensional (2D) liquid foams with a micropatterned surface. We demonstrate that 2D liquid foams can evolve beyond Ostwald ripening (large bubbles always consuming smaller ones). By varying the arrangement of pillars on the surface, we have prepared various patterns of foams in which the size, shape and position of the bubbles can be precisely controlled. Furthermore, these patterned bubbles can serve as a template for the assembly of functional materials, such as nanoparticles and conductive polymers, into desired 2D networks with nanoscale resolution. This methodology provides new insights in controlling curvature-driven evolution and opens a general route for the assembly of functional materials.
A strong diffusive ion mode in dense ionized matter predicted by Langevin dynamics
Authors: Mabey P. , Richardson S. , White T. G. , Fletcher L. B. , Glenzer S. H. , Hartley N. J. , Vorberger J. , Gericke D. O. , Gregori G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe state and evolution of planets, brown dwarfs and neutron star crusts is determined by the properties of dense and compressed matter. Due to the inherent difficulties in modelling strongly coupled plasmas, however, current predictions of transport coefficients differ by orders of magnitude. Collective modes are a prominent feature, whose spectra may serve as an important tool to validate theoretical predictions for dense matter. With recent advances in free electron laser technology, X-rays with small enough bandwidth have become available, allowing the investigation of the low-frequency ion modes in dense matter. Here, we present numerical predictions for these ion modes and demonstrate significant changes to their strength and dispersion if dissipative processes are included by Langevin dynamics. Notably, a strong diffusive mode around zero frequency arises, which is not present, or much weaker, in standard simulations. Our results have profound consequences in the interpretation of transport coefficients in dense plasmas.
Dietary fatty acid metabolism of brown adipose tissue in cold-acclimated men
Authors: Blondin Denis P. , Tingelstad Hans C. , Noll Christophe , Frisch Frédérique , Phoenix Serge , Guérin Brigitte , Turcotte Éric E , Richard Denis , Haman François , Carpentier André C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn rodents, brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in producing heat to defend against the cold and can metabolize large amounts of dietary fatty acids (DFA). The role of BAT in DFA metabolism in humans is unknown. Here we show that mild cold stimulation (18 °C) results in a significantly greater fractional DFA extraction by BAT relative to skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue in non-cold-acclimated men given a standard liquid meal containing the long-chain fatty acid PET tracer, 14(R,S)-[18F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (18FTHA). However, the net contribution of BAT to systemic DFA clearance is comparatively small. Despite a 4-week cold acclimation increasing BAT oxidative metabolism 2.6-fold, BAT DFA uptake does not increase further. These findings show that cold-stimulated BAT can contribute to the clearance of DFA from circulation but its contribution is not as significant as the heart, liver, skeletal muscles or white adipose tissues.
Transcriptomic and anatomic parcellation of 5-HT3AR expressing cortical interneuron subtypes revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Frazer Sarah , Prados Julien , Niquille Mathieu , Cadilhac Christelle , Markopoulos Foivos , Gomez Lucia , Tomasello Ugo , Telley Ludovic , Holtmaat Anthony , Jabaudon Denis , Dayer Alexandre 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCortical GABAergic interneurons constitute a highly diverse population of inhibitory neurons that are key regulators of cortical microcircuit function. An important and heterogeneous group of cortical interneurons specifically expresses the serotonin receptor 3A (5-HT3AR) but how this diversity emerges during development is poorly understood. Here we use single-cell transcriptomics to identify gene expression patterns operating in Htr3a-GFP+ interneurons during early steps of cortical circuit assembly. We identify three main molecular types of Htr3a-GFP+ interneurons, each displaying distinct developmental dynamics of gene expression. The transcription factor Meis2 is specifically enriched in a type of Htr3a-GFP+ interneurons largely confined to the cortical white matter. These MEIS2-expressing interneurons appear to originate from a restricted region located at the embryonic pallial–subpallial boundary. Overall, this study identifies MEIS2 as a subclass-specific marker for 5-HT3AR-containing interstitial interneurons and demonstrates that the transcriptional and anatomical parcellation of cortical interneurons is developmentally coupled.
Cellular mechano-environment regulates the mammary circadian clock
Authors: Yang Nan , Williams Jack , Pekovic-Vaughan Vanja , Wang Pengbo , Olabi Safiah , McConnell James , Gossan Nicole , Hughes Alun , Cheung Julia , Streuli Charles H. , Meng Qing-Jun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCircadian clocks drive ∼24 h rhythms in tissue physiology. They rely on transcriptional/translational feedback loops driven by interacting networks of clock complexes. However, little is known about how cell-intrinsic circadian clocks sense and respond to their microenvironment. Here, we reveal that the breast epithelial clock is regulated by the mechano-chemical stiffness of the cellular microenvironment in primary cell culture. Moreover, the mammary clock is controlled by the periductal extracellular matrix in vivo, which contributes to a dampened circadian rhythm during ageing. Mechanistically, the tension sensing cell-matrix adhesion molecule, vinculin, and the Rho/ROCK pathway, which transduces signals provided by extracellular stiffness into cells, regulate the activity of the core circadian clock complex. We also show that genetic perturbation, or age-associated disruption of self-sustained clocks, compromises the self-renewal capacity of mammary epithelia. Thus, circadian clocks are mechano-sensitive, providing a potential mechanism to explain how ageing influences their amplitude and function.
Comparative genomics of two jute species and insight into fibre biogenesis
Authors: Islam Md Shahidul , Saito Jennifer A. , Emdad Emdadul Mannan , Ahmed Borhan , Islam Mohammad Moinul , Halim Abdul , Hossen Quazi Md Mosaddeque , Hossain Md Zakir , Ahmed Rasel , Hossain Md Sabbir , Kabir Shah Md Tamim , Khan Md Sarwar Alam , Khan Md Mursalin , Hasan Rajnee , Aktar Nasima , Honi Ummay , Islam Rahin , Rashid Md Mamunur , Wan Xuehua , Hou Shaobin , Haque Taslima , Azam Muhammad Shafiul , Moosa Mahdi Muhammad , Elias Sabrina M. , Hasan A. M. Mahedi , Mahmood Niaz , Shafiuddin Md , Shahid Saima , Shommu Nusrat Sharmeen , Jahan Sharmin , Roy Saroj , Chowdhury Amlan , Akhand Ashikul Islam , Nisho Golam Morshad , Uddin Khaled Salah , Rabeya Taposhi , Hoque S. M. Ekramul , Snigdha Afsana Rahman , Mortoza Sarowar , Matin Syed Abdul , Islam Md Kamrul , Lashkar M. Z. H. , Zaman Mahboob , Yuryev Anton , Uddin Md Kamal , Rahman Md Sharifur , Haque Md Samiul , Alam Md Monjurul , Khan Haseena , Alam Maqsudul 
Published: January 2017

AbstractJute (Corchorussp.) is one of the most important sources of natural fibre, covering ∼80% of global bast fibre production1. OnlyCorchorus olitoriusandCorchorus capsularisare commercially cultivated, though there are more than 100Corchorusspecies2in the Malvaceae family. Here we describe high-quality draft genomes of these two species and their comparisons at the functional genomics level to support tailor-designed breeding. The assemblies cover 91.6% and 82.2% of the estimated genome sizes forC. olitoriusandC. capsularis, respectively. In total, 37,031C. olitoriusand 30,096C. capsularisgenes are identified, and most of the genes are validated by cDNA and RNA-seq data. Analyses of clustered gene families and gene collinearity show that jute underwent shared whole-genome duplication ∼18.66 million years (Myr) ago prior to speciation. RNA expression analysis from isolated fibre cells reveals the key regulatory and structural genes involved in fibre formation. This work expands our understanding of the molecular basis of fibre formation laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of jute.