bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Interdisciplinary Intervention Contributes to Improved Outcomes of Adolescents Treated With Hip Preservation Surgery
Authors: Richard Heather M. , Nguyen Dylan C. , Podeszwa David A. , De La Rocha Adriana , Sucato Daniel J. 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Adolescent hip preservation surgery (HPS) candidates typically present with chronic pain, which can negatively affect psychological function and surgical outcomes. A previous study demonstrated high rates of psychological symptoms and maladaptive behaviors in this population. This study quantified psychological and functional improvements in these patients from preoperative presentation to postoperative follow-up. An integrated interdisciplinary approach is also described.

Methods:
A total of 67 patients undergoing HPS were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 year by staff psychologists. Perioperative psychological intervention consisted of education, counseling, and administration of self-report measures. Self-report measure scores were compared preoperatively and postoperatively, grouped by orthopaedic diagnoses. Frequency analysis, correlational analysis, and analysis of variance were conducted.

Results:
Psychological function improved significantly at follow-up: decreased emotional symptomatology (46.1 to 43.6, P=0.013), anxiety (49.6 to 45.8, P<0.001), school problems (46.6 to 44.7, P=0.035), internalizing problems (46.3 to 44.1, P=0.015), social stress (44.5 to 42.3, P=0.024), sense of inadequacy (49.0 to 46.0, P=0.004), and increased self-concept (51.1 to 54.1, P=0.003). Resiliency factors also significantly improved: increased mastery (50.3 to 52.9, P=0.001) and resourcefulness (49.7 to 52.0, P=0.046), decreased emotional reactivity (46.3 to 42.9, P=0.001), and vulnerability (47.7 to 44.7, P=0.011). Physical function and return to activity also significantly improved (University of California—Los Angeles: 7.1 to 8.7, P=0.017; modified Harris Hip Score: 67.3 to 83.8, P<0.001). Return to activity positively correlated with optimism and self-efficacy (P=0.041). Femoroacetabular impingement and hip dysplasia patients consistently reported feeling less depressed (P=0.036), having fewer somatic complaints (P=0.023), fewer internalized problems (P=0.037), and exhibiting fewer atypical behaviors (P=0.036) at follow-up. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients did not demonstrate improvements in psychological functioning postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Perioperative psychological education and counseling, in combination with HPS, improved postoperative psychological and physical function. Patients reported reduced anxiety, school problems, and social stress, with marked increase in resilience. Increased mobility and return to activity significantly correlated with improved optimism and self-efficacy.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—therapeutic studies—investigating the results of treatment.
Building an endoscopic ear surgery program
Authors: Golub Justin S. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
This article discusses background, operative details, and outcomes of endoscopic ear surgery. This information will be helpful for those establishing a new program.

Recent findings
Endoscopic ear surgery is growing in popularity. The ideal benefit is in totally transcanal access that would otherwise require a larger incision. The endoscope carries a number of advantages over the microscope, as well as some disadvantages. Several key maneuvers can minimize disadvantages. There is a paucity of studies directly comparing outcomes between endoscopic and microscopic approaches for the same procedure.

Summary
The endoscope is gaining acceptance as a tool for treating otologic diseases. For interested surgeons, this article can help bridge the transition from microscopic to totally transcanal endoscopic ear surgery for appropriate disease.
SMSaúde: Evaluating Mobile Phone Text Reminders to Improve Retention in HIV Care for Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Mozambique
Authors: Joseph Davey Dvora , Nhavoto José António , Augusto Orvalho , Ponce Walter , Traca Daila , Nguimfack Alexandre , Palha de Sousa Cesar 
Published: June 2016

Objective:
We evaluated whether regular mobile phone text reminders improved patients' retention in antiretroviral therapy (ART) care in Mozambique.

Design:
SMSaúde was a randomized control trial of HIV-infected patients on ART who received regular text message reminder vs. standard of care at 3 public health facilities in Maputo Province, Mozambique. The primary outcome was retention in HIV care. Between November 2011 and March 2012, 830 eligible HIV-infected patients on ART were randomized 1:1 to the text reminder intervention or standard of care.

Methods:
We used Kaplan–Meier estimators and log-rank tests to compare proportions of patients who received SMS reminders who were retained in HIV care compared to the control group who received standard of care. Post hoc analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards models stratified by urban/rural facility and when initiated ART (≤3 months vs. >3 months). Hazard ratios and confidence intervals (CIs) are reported. Analysis was with intention to treat.

Results:
Patients who received text messages had lower attrition from HIV care at 12 months, though the difference was nonsignificant (RR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.41 to 1.13). Among urban patients, text messages improved retention in HIV care (RR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.95). Intervention patients newly initiated on ART (<3 months) had lower attrition than control patients (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.91), especially urban newly initiated patients (HR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.64). Text messages had no effect on retention among rural patients.

Conclusions:
Text messages did not improve retention in HIV care for all patients on ART but improved retention in care of urban patients and those who recently started ART and received text reminders compared with standard of care.
Novel Partitivirus Infection of Bat White-nose Syndrome (WNS) Fungal PathogenPseudogymnoascus destructansLinks Eurasian and North American Isolates
Authors: Ren Ping , Rajkumar Sunanda S. , Sui Haixin , Masters Paul S. , Martinkova Natalia , Kubátová Alena , Pikula Jiri , Chaturvedi Sudha , Chaturvedi Vishnu 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBat White-nose Syndrome (WNS) fungusPseudogymnoascus destructanshad caused mass mortality in the North American bats. A single clone of the pathogen (Hap_1) was likely introduced in the United States while Eurasian population comprised of several haplotypes. The origin and spread ofP. destructansremain enigmatic due in part to a lack of precise population markers. We searched forP. destructansmycoviruses as they are highly host-specific, and their spread could provide a window on the origin of the host fungus. We discovered aP. destructansbipartite virus PdPV-1 with two double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments - LS (1,683 bp) and SS (1,524 bp) with motifs similar to viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and putative capsid proteins (CPs), respectively. Both LS and SS ORFs were embedded only in the positive strand of each dsRNA segment. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis suggested that both segments constitute the genome of a new virus similar to the mycoviruses in the familyPartitiviridaegenusGammapartitivirus.Purified viral particles appeared as isometric virions with approximately 33 nm diameters typical of partitiviruses. A newly developed RT-PCR assay revealed that all US isolates and only a few Eurasian isolates were infected with PdPV-1. PdPV-1 wasP. destructans- specific as closely related non-pathogenic fungiP. appendiculatusandP. roseustested negative. Thus, PdPV-1 establishes a link between the Eurasian and North AmericanP. destructans.PdPV-1 could be used as an experimental tool to further investigate fungal biogeography, and the host - pathogen interactions.
Accelerated cryo-EM structure determination with parallelisation using GPUs in RELION-2
Authors: Kimanius Dari , Forsberg Björn O , Scheres Sjors HW , Lindahl Erik 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBy reaching near-atomic resolution for a wide range of specimens, single-particle cryo-EM structure determination is transforming structural biology. However, the necessary calculations come at increased computational costs, introducing a bottleneck that is currently limiting throughput and the development of new methods. Here, we present an implementation of theRELIONimage processing software that uses graphics processors (GPUs) to address the most computationally intensive steps of its cryo-EM structure determination workflow. Both image classification and high-resolution refinement have been accelerated up to 40-fold, and template-based particle selection has been accelerated almost 1000-fold on desktop hardware. Memory requirements on GPUs have been reduced to fit widely available hard-ware, and we show that the use of single precision arithmetic does not adversely affect results. This enables high-resolution cryo-EM structure determination in a matter of days on a single workstation.
Voodoo Machine Learning for Clinical Predictions
Authors: Saeb Sohrab , Lonini Luca , Jayaraman Arun , Mohr David C. , Kording Konrad P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe availability of smartphone and wearable sensor technology is leading to a rapid accumulation of human subject data, and machine learning is emerging as a technique to map that data into clinical predictions. As machine learning algorithms are increasingly used to support clinical decision making, it is important to reliably quantify their prediction accuracy. Cross-validation is the standard approach for evaluating the accuracy of such algorithms; however, several cross-validations methods exist and only some of them are statistically meaningful. Here we compared two popular cross-validation methods: record-wise and subject-wise. Using both a publicly available dataset and a simulation, we found that record-wise cross-validation often massively overestimates the prediction accuracy of the algorithms. We also found that this erroneous method is used by almost half of the retrieved studies that used accelerometers, wearable sensors, or smartphones to predict clinical outcomes. As we move towards an era of machine learning based diagnosis and treatment, using proper methods to evaluate their accuracy is crucial, as erroneous results can mislead both clinicians and data scientists.
The Precision Medicine Knowledge Base: an online application for collaborative editing, maintenance and sharing of structured clinical-grade cancer mutations interpretations
Authors: Huang Linda , Fernandes Helen , Zia Hamid , Tavassoli Peyman , Rennert Hanna , Pisapia David , Imielinski Marcin , Sboner Andrea , Rubin Mark A. , Kluk Michael , Elemento Olivier 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis paper describes the Precision Medicine Knowledge Base (PMKB;https://pmkb.weill.cornell.edu), an interactive online application for collaborative editing, maintenance and sharing of structured clinical-grade cancer mutations interpretations.Materials and MethodsPMKB was built using the Ruby on Rails Web application framework. Leveraging existing standards such as Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) variant description format, we implemented a data model that links variants to tumor-specific and tissue-specific interpretations. Key features of PMKB include support for all major variant types, standardized authentication, distinct user roles including high-level approvers, detailed activity history. A REpresentational State Transfer (REST) application-programming interface (API) was implemented to query the PMKB programmatically.ResultsAt the time of writing, PMKB contains 457 variant descriptions with 281 clinical-grade interpretations. The EGFR, BRAF, KRAS, and KIT genes are associated with the largest numbers of interpretable variants. The PMKB’s interpretations have been used in over 1,500 AmpliSeq tests and 750 whole exome sequencing tests. The interpretations are accessed either directly via the Web interface or programmatically via the existing API.DiscussionAn accurate and up-to-date knowledge base of genomic alterations of clinical significance is critical to the success of precision medicine programs. The open-access, programmatically accessible PMKB represents an important attempt at creating such a resource in the field of oncology.ConclusionThe PMKB was designed to help collect and maintain clinical-grade mutation interpretations and facilitates reporting for clinical cancer genomic testing. The PMKB was also designed to enable the creation of clinical cancer genomics automated reporting pipelines via an API.
Interplay of cis and trans mechanisms driving transcription factor binding and gene expression evolution
Authors: Wong Emily S , Schmitt Bianca M , Kazachenka Anastasiya , Thybert David , Redmond Aisling , Connor Frances , Rayner Tim F. , Feig Christine , Ferguson-Smith Anne C. , Marioni John C , Odom Duncan T , Flicek Paul 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNoncoding regulatory variants play a central role in the genetics of human diseases and in evolution. Here we measure allele-specific transcription factor binding occupancy of three liver-specific transcription factors between crosses of two inbred mouse strains to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying transcription factor binding variations in mammals. Our results highlight the pre-eminence of cis-acting variants on transcription factor occupancy divergence. Transcription factor binding differences linked to cis-acting variants generally exhibit additive inheritance, while those linked to trans-acting variants are most often dominantly inherited. Cis-acting variants lead to local coordination of transcription factor occupancies that decay with distance; distal coordination is also observed and may be modulated by long-range chromatin contacts. Our results reveal the regulatory mechanisms that interplay to drive transcription factor occupancy, chromatin state, and gene expression in complex mammalian cell states.
Toward a framework of improving horizontal and social accountability mechanisms
Authors: Ankamah Samuel S. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for improving the interaction between horizontal and social accountability mechanisms for enhanced accountability outcomes.Design/methodology/approach– This is a conceptual paper drawing on six published anti-corruption cases in the Asian region and in theory to develop a framework for understanding and improving the interaction between horizontal and social accountability mechanisms.Findings– The paper proposes that to have more improved interactions between horizontal and social accountability mechanisms, any or all of the following eight conditions must be met. These include, independence and capacity of horizontal accountability agencies; legal backing for horizontal and social accountability interaction; vibrant and independent media; strong partnership of civil society with the media for information dissemination; organisation of civil society into groups; credibility of horizontal and social accountability mechanisms; capacity of civil society (including human and financial capacity); horizontal accountability mechanisms to support and motivate social mechanism to “blow the alarm”.Originality/value– The conceptual framework developed in this paper makes a significant contribution to the accountability literature. In terms of policy, this framework can serve as a tool for governments, especially in Asia, seeking good governance through enhanced accountability outcomes.
US policy toward Taiwan
Authors: Bush Richard Clarence 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore how the USA seeks to promote its interests in peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait in the context of Taiwan’s unique political status and its democratic system.

Design/methodology/approach
– A narrative analysis examines the recent history of Taiwan’s democratic development and USA responses to it.

Findings
– The USA has responded in various ways to the dilemma of respecting the outcomes of elections in friendly democracies while protecting its own interests in peace and security. This was easy during the Ma Ying-jeou administration (2008-2016) but it is likely to become more difficult following Taiwan’s presidential election in January 2016.

Originality/value
– This study draws on personal experience and an in-depth understanding of Taiwan politics and US diplomacy.
Building management system for sustainable built environment in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kumara W.H.C.D , Waidyasekara K.G.A.S. , Weerasinghe R.P.N.P. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of building management system (BMS) towards a sustainable built environment.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is based on the findings of a comprehensive literature survey, preliminary survey and a structured questionnaire survey. Quantitative data were analysed using a relative importance index. Content analysis was used for the qualitative data analysis.

Findings
– The results show that identifying user requirements, identifying BMS features, designing BMS, installation and commissioning, and operation and maintenance are the key steps in the BMS implementation process. High cost, lack of knowledge on BMS, unavailability of service and maintenance, and inadequate performance of BMS vendors were highlighted as barriers when adopting a BMS. Energy efficiency, reduction of operation and maintenance cost, occupant satisfaction, productivity, fault diagnosis, thermal comfort, indoor air quality, emergency response and level of controllability of building systems are some of the significant BMS functions that accomplish economic, environment and social sustainability pillars.

Practical implications
– This study increases the awareness on functionality of a BMS and its potential contribution towards a sustainable built environment.

Originality/value
– The study develops strong ties between BMS contribution and sustainability where built environment professionals could use the developed decision support model towards a sustainable built environment through the application of BMS.
Task-based defect management: anatomical classification
Authors: Almusharraf Abdullah , Whyte Andrew 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– Studies on the construction defects and quality deviations have been commissioned and published in many countries, showing the global status of the issues related with construction defects. Therefore, the quality of the adapted practices in construction projects can be improved if the pattern of the sub-task, specifically the quality deviations and construction defects from the requirements and specifications is identified and understood. The purpose of this paper is to improve understanding of the behavior and pattern of the more sensitivity sub-task requirements (STRs) through the anatomy process of a particular task.

Design/methodology/approach
– Six criteria have been classified for the levels of the estimated STRs quality deviations. The proposed study classifications were examined through the 3,030 cases of 17 STRs from compression concrete members (i.e. column).

Findings
– Most of the STRs were found to be prone to deviations and the sensitivities of the STRs toward deviations and defects are varied across all STRs. The study reveals that three of the 17 STRs were observed as perfect works, ten STRs as acceptable works and four STRs as defective works.

Originality/value
– The study found that the sub-task deviation patterns cannot be generalized and must be individually studied to recommend the appropriate proactive measures.
Delivering sustainable communities: a case study in China
Authors: Xia Bo , Wu Tian , Skitmore Martin , Chen Qing , Li Mei , Zuo Jian 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– China’s accelerated urbanisation leads directly to pressure on the urban environment. The purpose of this paper is to identify best practices involved in a real sustainable community projects for the experience to be replicated in future.

Design/methodology/approach
– To explore the practical development experiences and technological applications, a case study was conducted, involving both document analysis and semi-structured interviews.

Findings
– The findings identify the green technologies and strategies used in the project planning and design process. The social considerations of the project development are also recognised in providing comfort, convenience and safety for their residents. Furthermore, the research highlights the fact that sustainable communities can incur less operational costs compared with traditional ones and therefore provide a feasible option for clients with a greater capability for upfront investment.

Originality/value
– The results of the research provide valuable references for developers in the development of sustainable communities in both China and other countries.
Change management framework to enable sustainable outsourcing of facilities management services
Authors: Sridarran Pournima , Fernando Nirodha Gayani 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– In this present globalised era, outsourcing has become a very popular and much sought after procurement strategy for facilities management (FM). Generally, a sustainable procurement system should be capable enough to deliver the services free of disruptions. However, outsourcing can bring about changes in working patterns, organisational culture and management styles which can possibly disrupt the activities of an organisation. In order to avoid such disruptions, organisations need to adopt a measured approach towards this change. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of change management to enable sustainable outsourcing of FM services.

Design/methodology/approach
– Within commercial building context, the questions of “why change is not managed during outsourcing of FM services” and “how can it be managed” are investigated through case studies.

Findings
– Organisations encountered various disagreements due to inadequate management of change during outsourcing. If the changes emanating from outsourcing are not managed satisfactorily, it would result in possible disruptions. However, to make changes happen successfully is one of the most challenging tasks faced by the leadership and corporate management of the organisations.

Originality/value
– In order to facilitate the practitioners in the industry, this paper finally offers a framework for change management during outsourcing based on the findings.
Impact of political, guanxi ties on corporate value
Authors: Shi Yidan , Cheng Ming 
Published: June 2016

PurposeGuanxi is an influential factor of doing business in China. This research focuses on a specific guanxi type, political connection and studies the impact of political connection on corporate value. Moreover, in the technology innovation studies, few studies have examined the impact of politics on technology innovation of firm. This paper aims to examine the relations among political connection, technology innovation and corporate value by an empirical study.Design/methodology/approachA sample of listed technology-intensive firms in China is used. This research examines the impact of political connection and technology innovation on corporate value with two dimensions, namely, the owner type of firm and the political connection level of firm.FindingsBased on an empirical study, this research has four main findings. First, technology innovation has positive impact on corporate value. Second, compared to non-connected firms, politically connected firms value more. Third, political connection to a government of higher administrative level contributes more to corporate value. Finally, the relations among political connection, technology innovation and corporate value differ by the owner type of firm.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the study of guanxi by considering the specific guanxi type, political connection, as well as to the study of technology innovation by considering the impact of politics.