bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of age of onset on disease characteristics in non‐segmental vitiligo
Authors: Solak Berna , Dikicier Bahar Sevimli , Cosansu Nur C. , Erdem Teoman 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn patients with vitiligo, the clinical and laboratory features of the disease may vary according to time of onset. This is addressed in the literature by only a few studies with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic and clinical features of patients with non‐segmental vitiligo and to establish the association between vitiligo and autoimmune diseases with a focus on time of disease onset. A total of 224 vitiligo patients for whom complete medical records were available were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic data, scores on the Vitiligo Area Score Index (VASI), clinical features, vitiligo disease activity, repigmentation status, presence of any accompanying autoimmune disease, antinuclear antibody (ANA) titers, serum levels of glucose, thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4) hormone, anti‐thyroid peroxidase (anti‐TPO), and anti‐thyroglobulin (anti‐TG) were recorded. The prevalence of halo nevi was significantly higher (P < 0.001) among children than in other patient groups. The prevalence of leukotrichia was higher in adults with adult‐onset disease than in either pediatric patients or adults with childhood‐onset disease (P = 0.002). Both anti‐TG and anti‐TPO levels were significantly higher in adults with adult‐onset disease than in pediatric patients and adult patients with childhood‐onset disease. The prevalence of autoimmune disease was 22.2%. Anti‐TG levels were significantly higher in patients with treatment‐related repigmentation than in those without repigmentation. This study shows that clinical features and associations with autoimmune disease may vary according to the age of onset of vitiligo.
Demographic, health behavioral, and self‐management abilities associated with disease severity among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An exploratory study
Authors: Wang Lan , Tao Yan‐Xia , Dong Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Qing , Zheng Hong , Zheng Ya‐Shu , Tang Xing‐Yue , Xu Jing‐Rui , Zhao Yue 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the association between demographic characteristics, health behaviors, self‐management abilities, and disease severity among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study was conducted from January to December 2015 in 4 hospitals in China. The DOSE index was assessed by grade of dyspnea (D), airflow obstruction (O), current smoking status (S), and frequency of exacerbation in the last year (E). Self‐management abilities were assessed by the COPD self‐management scale. DOSE index associations with demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and self‐management abilities were examined with multiple regression analysis. In total, 100 participants were recruited into the study. In univariate analysis, higher symptom management, lower daily life management, and lower self‐efficacy in self‐management abilities were significantly related to higher DOSE index. In multiple regression analysis, physical activity, body mass index, and gender were negatively related to DOSE index. The study highlighted the importance of physical activity, nutritional status, and gender difference in managing disease severity in COPD. Professional nurses should develop individualized intervention programs and specifically increase physical activity for men and poor nutritional status for patients with COPD.
Labour Market Limbo: The Uneven Integration of Co‐Ethnic Argentine Immigrants in Spain
Authors: García Angela S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractImmigration and citizenship laws that discriminate by race, ethnicity, and national origins are increasingly illegitimate in contemporary democracies, yet laws that grant privileged access and membership to immigrants who share natives' ethnicity persist. This enduring positive selection rests upon the assumption that co‐ethnicity fosters integration. Countering this logic, this article centers on co‐ethnics' insertion into local labour markets. It draws from a case study of Aguaviva, Spain, a depopulating village in which both co‐ethnic Argentines and Romanian immigrants reside. The analysis qualifies the trend of deracialization in immigration and citizenship policy and shows that positive preferences do not uniformly foster integration. In dual labour market systems, co‐ethnics struggle because they are not different enough for secondary sector jobs reserved for immigrant “others,” yet in the primary sector they enter into direct competition with natives.
Effect of family sense of coherence on internalized stigma and health‐related quality of life among individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: Hsiao Chiu‐Yueh , Lu Huei‐Lan , Tsai Yun‐Fang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHealth‐related quality of life is an increasingly critical outcome of mental healthcare, yet its disease‐independent attributes, particularly family‐focused resilient indicators, for individuals with schizophrenia have not been explicitly examined. The aim of this study was to explore the degree of health‐related quality of life and to examine the mediating effect of family sense of coherence on internalized stigma and health‐related quality of life in individuals with schizophrenia. A cross‐sectional and correlational study design was used. A total of 111 individuals with schizophrenia were enrolled from the in‐patient psychiatric rehabilitation services of two psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan. Face‐to‐face structured interviews were applied to collect information. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses. The results indicated that affected individuals experienced impaired health‐related quality of life. Family sense of coherence partially mediated the relationship between internalized stigma and health‐related quality of life. This study indicates that knowledge about the role of family sense of coherence in mental health rehabilitation may assist mental healthcare professionals to provide therapeutic interventions to address internalized stigma, thereby promoting health‐related quality of life in individuals living with schizophrenia.
Environmental enrichment for Killer whales Orcinus orca at zoological institutions: untried and untested
Authors: Law G. , Kitchener A. C. 
Published: January 2017

Despite a history in zoological institutions stretching back more than 50 years, with associated improvements in husbandry and breeding, the keeping of Killer whales Orcinus orca in zoos and aquariums has become highly controversial. The recent decision to stop the current breeding programme in the USA does not obviate the need to continue to improve husbandry as the whales in zoological institutions today will survive for decades to come. In this paper we outline several novel ideas for enriching the lives of Killer whales through provision of intergroup communication, and enhancement of feeding methods, health and fitness, and the ambient environment, all of which are aimed at eliciting natural behaviours seen in the wild. The enrichments proposed here may require adaptation for use with Killer whales and many could be modified for use with other cetacean species. We believe that by providing species‐appropriate enrichment, both the welfare and educational value of Killer whales and other cetaceans can be greatly enhanced in the future.
Complex phenomena understanding in electricity through dynamically linked concrete and abstract representations
Authors: Taramopoulos A. , Psillos D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe present study investigates the impact of utilizing virtual laboratory environments combining dynamically linked concrete and abstract representations in investigative activities on the ability of students to comprehend simple and complex phenomena in the field of electric circuits. Forty‐two 16‐ to 17‐year‐old high school students participated in a guided‐inquiry‐based teaching intervention utilizing a virtual laboratory environment and were assigned to three conditions: functional dynamically linked concrete and abstract representations of objects (CA approach), functional concrete representations of objects alone (C approach) and functional abstract representations of objects alone (A approach). All conditions used the same instructor, instructional method and materials. A pretest–post‐test scheme was used to assess the students' conceptual evolution. A repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance of the results indicates that after instruction all groups show a similar significant improvement in comprehending simple phenomena in electric circuits. However, for complex phenomena, the CA approach significantly outperforms the other two. It seems, therefore, that in the field of electric circuits, investigative activities utilizing virtual laboratory environments with dynamically linked concrete and abstract representations of objects may foster enhanced understanding of phenomena with a high degree of complexity for high school students.
Aphid specialization on different summer hosts is associated with strong genetic differentiation and unequal symbiont communities despite a common mating habitat
Authors: Vorburger C. , Herzog J. , Rouchet R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSpecialization on different host plants can promote evolutionary diversification of herbivorous insects. Work on pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) has contributed significantly to the understanding of this process, demonstrating that populations associated with different host plants exhibit performance trade‐offs across hosts, show adaptive host choice and genetic differentiation and possess different communities of bacterial endosymbionts. Populations specialized on different secondary host plants during the parthenogenetic summer generations are also described for the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae complex) and are usually treated as different (morphologically cryptic) subspecies. In contrast to pea aphids, however, host choice and mate choice are decoupled in black bean aphids, because populations from different summer hosts return to the same primary host plant to mate and lay overwintering eggs. This could counteract evolutionary divergence, and it is currently unknown to what extent black bean aphids using different summer hosts are indeed differentiated. We addressed this question by microsatellite genotyping and endosymbiont screening of black bean aphids collected in summer from the goosefoot Chenopodium album (subspecies A. f. fabae) and from thistles of the genus Cirsium (subspecies A. f. cirsiiacanthoides) across numerous sites in Switzerland and France. Our results show clearly that aphids from Cirsium and Chenopodium exhibit strong and geographically consistent genetic differentiation and that they differ in their frequencies of infection with particular endosymbionts. The dependence on a joint winter host has thus not prevented the evolutionary divergence into summer host‐adapted populations that appear to have evolved mechanisms of reproductive isolation within a common mating habitat.
Stand By Your Man: Wives' Emotion Work During Men's Unemployment
Authors: Rao Aliya Hamid 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecent research on unemployment has not sufficiently acknowledged how unemployment reverberates within families, particularly emotionally. This article uses data from more than 50 in‐depth interviews to illuminate the emotional demands that men's unemployment makes beyond the unemployed individual. It shows that wives of unemployed men do two types of emotion work—self‐focused and other‐focused—and both are aimed toward facilitating husbands' success in the emotionally arduous white‐collar job‐search process. This article extends research on emotion work by suggesting that participants perceive wives' emotion work as a resource with potential economic benefits in the form of unemployed men's reemployment. The findings furthermore suggest that as a resource, wives' emotion work is shaped by the demands of the labor market that their husbands encounter.
Effect of ingredients on rheological, physico‐sensory, and nutritional characteristics of omega‐3‐fatty acid enriched eggless cake
Authors: Abhay Kumar N. , Prasada Rao U.J.S. , Jeyarani T. , Indrani D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe effect of defatted soya flour (DS), flax seed powder (FS) in combination (DSFS) with emulsifiers such as glycerol monostearate, GMS (DSFSG) and sodium stearoyl‐2‐lactylate, SSL (DSFSS) on the rheological, physico‐sensory, protein subunit composition by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), fatty acid profile, and nutritional characteristics of eggless cake was studied. Use of DSFS, DSFSG, and DSFSS increased the amylograph peak viscosity, hot and cold paste viscosities similar to the egg. Addition of DSFS, DSFSG, and DSFSS increased viscosity of eggless cake batter; cake volume and the overall quality score (OQS) of eggless cake. Among these, highest improvement in OQS was brought about by DSFSG. According to SDS‐PAGE results, the improvement by DSFSG is due to crosslinking of wheat‐soya‐flax proteins similar to wheat‐egg proteins crosslinking. The eggless cake with DSFSG was found to be rich in omega‐3‐fatty acid as it contained 0.6% of linolenic acid compared to 0.1% each of cake with egg and eggless cake.Practical applicationsAs eggs are significant source of cholesterol, there has been an increased interest in search of ingredients that can replace egg in cakes. Hence, recent trend in the baking industry is to produce eggless cake using a combination of different ingredients and additives. However, there is no scientific information on the interaction of non‐egg protein with wheat protein in building up the structure and also to improve the nutritional quality with respect to protein and fatty acids profiles of eggless cake. The information generated on the use of combination of defatted soya flour and flax seed along with emulsifiers will be helpful for the commercial manufacture of omega‐3‐fatty acid rich eggless cake with desired quality attributes.
Degenerative Valvular Disease in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: Results of theUKBreed Scheme 1991–2010
Authors: Swift S. , Baldin A. , Cripps P. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundCavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCSs) are predisposed to degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) and studies have indicated a genetic cause.AnimalsA total of 8,860 CKCSs were examined at shows or private clinics from 1991 to 2010.ObjectivesTo analyze the effects of a breed scheme for CKCS on the age at which a murmur consistent with DMVD was first detected.MethodsThe presence or absence of a murmur consistent with mitral regurgitation was noted and age a murmur was first detected recorded.ResultsA total of 16,887 examinations were performed on 8,860 dogs. The median age dogs developed a murmur were slightly younger in male than female dogs (7.8 versus 8.3 years, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.4–8.1 versus 8.0–8.4,P< .001) and cardiologists detected murmurs in younger dogs than did general practitioner (GP) veterinary surgeons (7.2 versus 8.6 years, 95%CI7.0–7.4 versus 8.3–8.7P< .001). In bitches examined byGPvets during the study, there was a significantly increased age of detection of murmurs over time (8.6–9.2 years, 95%CI8.3–9.1 and 8.5–10.9,P= .001) but not for male dogs examined byGPvets or dogs of either sex examined by cardiologists.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study suggests that the age incidence of murmurs associated with DMVD might be increased by application of breeding guidelines based on auscultation alone. This benefit was only seen in a subgroup and compliance of breeders with this voluntary scheme was poor.
Empirical Evidence on the Effectiveness of Social Public Procurement Policy: The Case of the Swiss Apprenticeship Training System
Authors: Leiser Mirjam Strupler , Wolter Stefan C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we assess the effectiveness of a social public procurement policy in Switzerland that gives firms that train apprentices a preferential treatment. We estimate the effectiveness of this social procurement policy on a firm's training participation, training intensity, and training quality using information from a representative and large firm survey. The results show that the policy increases the number of training firms, and does not affect training quality negatively. However, the effect is limited in size, as only small firms and firms operating in sectors where public procurement represents a large share of the business, are affected positively.
Wouldn't it be Nice? Moral Rules and Distant Worlds
Authors: Podgorski Abelard 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTraditional rule consequentialism faces a problem sometimes called the ideal world objection—the worry that by looking only at the consequences in worlds where rules are universally adhered to, the theory fails to account for problems that arise because adherence to rules in the real world is inevitably imperfect. In response, recent theorists have defended sophisticated versions of rule consequentialism which are sensitive to the consequences in worlds with less utopian levels of adherence. In this paper, I argue that these attempts underestimate the problem they are designed to avoid—the worry about ideal worlds is only one manifestation of a deeper and more general problem, the distant world objection, which threatens not only the sophisticated revisions of rule consequentialism, but any view which determines what we ought to do by evaluating worlds that differ from ours in more than what is up to us.
Determinants of Heparin Dosing and Complications in Patients Undergoing Left Atrial Ablation on Uninterrupted Rivaroxaban
Authors: ENRIQUEZ ALAN D. , CHURCHILL TIMOTHY , GAUTAM SANDEEP , CHINITZ JASON S. , BARBHAIYA CHIRAG R. , KUMAR SAURABH , JOHN ROY M. , TEDROW USHA B. , KOPLAN BRUCE A. , STEVENSON WILLIAM G. , MICHAUD GREGORY F. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundPatients on rivaroxaban have variable international normalized ratios (INRs) but it is uncertain if INR impacts procedural heparin requirement during left atrial ablation. We sought to examine the determinants of heparin dosing in this patient population.MethodsWe reviewed consecutive patients who received rivaroxaban within 24 hours of left atrial ablation and compared them to patients on uninterrupted warfarin. The determinants of heparin requirement were evaluated using regression analysis. We then tested a weight‐based heparin dose prospectively in rivaroxaban patients.ResultsThere were 258 patients on rivaroxaban and 213 on warfarin. The mean INR was 1.4 in the rivaroxaban group and 2.3 in the warfarin group (P < 0.01). To achieve an activated clotting time (ACT) >350 seconds, rivaroxaban patients required significantly more heparin (166.9 vs. 78.3 units/kg, P < 0.001). In the rivaroxaban group, body weight was the strongest predictor of heparin dose (r = 0.52), while INR was weakly correlated (r = −0.21). In the prospective group, 25 patients were given an initial heparin dose of 120 units/kg with 22/25 (88%) achieving an ACT > 300 seconds. There were seven and three cases of pericardial effusion in rivaroxaban and warfarin patients, respectively (P = 0.41). The average volume drained in the rivaroxaban group was elevated (988.6 vs. 275.0 mL, P = 0.21).ConclusionsBody weight is the strongest predictor of procedural heparin requirement during left atrial ablation in patients on uninterrupted rivaroxaban, even in those with an elevated INR. A heparin dose of 120 units/kg achieves an ACT > 300 seconds in the majority of patients. In cases of pericardial effusion, bleeding may be prolonged.
Mapping for Acute Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Stimulation Study (MAPS Study)
Authors: DEKKER LUKAS R.C. , GERRITSE BART , SCHEINER AVRAM , KORNET LILIAN 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundCentral sleep apnea syndrome, correlated with the occurrence of heart failure, is characterized by periods of insufficient ventilation during sleep. This acute study in 15 patients aims to map the venous system and determine if diaphragmatic movement can be achieved by phrenic nerve stimulation at various locations within the venous system.MethodsSubjects underwent a scheduled catheter ablation procedure. During the procedural waiting time, one multielectrode electrophysiology catheter was subsequently placed at the superior and inferior vena cava and the junctions of the left jugular and left brachiocephalic vein and right jugular and right brachiocephalic vein, for phrenic nerve stimulation (1–2 seconds ON/2–3 seconds OFF, 40 Hz, pulse width 210 μs). Diaphragmatic movement was assessed manually and by a breathing mask. During a follow‐up assessment between 2 and 4 weeks postprocedure, occurrence of adverse events was assessed.ResultsIn all patients diaphragmatic movement was induced at one or more locations using a median threshold of at least 2 V and maximally 7.5 V (i.e., e 3.3 mA, 14.2 mA). The lowest median current to obtain diaphragmatic stimulation without discomfort was found for the right brachiocephalic vein (4.7 mA). In 12/15 patients diaphragmatic movement could be induced without any discomfort, but in three patients hiccups occurred.ConclusionDiaphragmatic stimulation from the brachiocephalic and caval veins is feasible. Potential side effects should be eliminated by adapting the stimulation pattern. This information could be used to design a catheter, combining cardiac pacing with enhancing diaphragm movement during a sleep apnea episode.
Drought coping strategies in cotton: increased crop per drop
Authors: Ullah Abid , Sun Heng , Yang Xiyan , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe growth and yield of many crops, including cotton, are affected by water deficit. Cotton has evolved drought specific as well as general morpho‐physiological, biochemical and molecular responses to drought stress, which are discussed in this review. The key physiological responses against drought stress in cotton, including stomata closing, root development, cellular adaptations, photosynthesis, abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, have been identified by researchers. Drought stress induces the expression of stress‐related transcription factors and genes, such as ROS scavenging, ABA or mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling genes, which activate various drought‐related pathways to induce tolerance in the plant. It is crucial to elucidate and induce drought‐tolerant traits via quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, transgenic approaches and exogenous application of substances. The current review article highlights the natural as well as engineered drought tolerance strategies in cotton.