bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JingleBells: A Repository of Immune-Related Single-Cell RNA–Sequencing Datasets
Authors: Ner-Gaon Hadas , Melchior Ariel , Golan Nili , Ben-Haim Yael , Shay Tal 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell RNA–sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology increase the understanding of immune differentiation and activation processes, as well as the heterogeneity of immune cell types. Although the number of available immune-related scRNA-seq datasets increases rapidly, their large size and various formats render them hard for the wider immunology community to use, and read-level data are practically inaccessible to the non-computational immunologist. To facilitate datasets reuse, we created the JingleBells repository for immune-related scRNA-seq datasets ready for analysis and visualization of reads at the single-cell level (http://jinglebells.bgu.ac.il/). To this end, we collected the raw data of publicly available immune-related scRNA-seq datasets, aligned the reads to the relevant genome, and saved aligned reads in a uniform format, annotated for cell of origin. We also added scripts and a step-by-step tutorial for visualizing each dataset at the single-cell level, through the commonly used Integrated Genome Viewer (www.broadinstitute.org/igv/). The uniform scRNA-seq format used in JingleBells can facilitate reuse of scRNA-seq data by computational biologists. It also enables immunologists who are interested in a specific gene to visualize the reads aligned to this gene to estimate cell-specific preferences for splicing, mutation load, or alleles. Thus JingleBells is a resource that will extend the usefulness of scRNA-seq datasets outside the programming aficionado realm.
An Effective Tri-Clustering Algorithm Combining Expression Data with Gene Regulation Information
Authors: Li Ao , Tuck David 
Published: November 2017

Motivation Bi-clustering algorithms aim to identify sets of genes sharing similar expression patterns across a subset of conditions. However direct interpretation or prediction of gene regulatory mechanisms may be difficult as only gene expression data is used. Information about gene regulators may also be available, most commonly about which transcription factors may bind to the promoter region and thus control the expression level of a gene. Thus a method to integrate gene expression and gene regulation information is desirable for clustering and analyzing. Methods By incorporating gene regulatory information with gene expression data, we define regulated expression values (REV) as indicators of how a gene is regulated by a specific factor. Existing bi-clustering methods are extended to a three dimensional data space by developing a heuristic TRI-Clustering algorithm. An additional approach named Automatic Boundary Searching algorithm (ABS) is introduced to automatically determine the boundary threshold. Results Results based on incorporating ChIP-chip data representing transcription factor-gene interactions show that the algorithms are efficient and robust for detecting tri-clusters. Detailed analysis of the tri-cluster extracted from yeast sporulation REV data shows genes in this cluster exhibited significant differences during the middle and late stages. The implicated regulatory network was then reconstructed for further study of defined regulatory mechanisms. Topological and statistical analysis of this network demonstrated evidence of significant changes of TF activities during the different stages of yeast sporulation, and suggests this approach might be a general way to study regulatory networks undergoing transformations.
Proposed Regulation of Gene Expression by Glucose in Rodent Heart
Authors: Young Martin E. , Yan Jie , Razeghi Peter , Cooksey Robert C. , Guthrie Patrick H. , Stepkowski Stanislaw M. , McClain Donald A. , Tian Rong , Taegtmeyer Heinrich 
Published: November 2017

Background During pressure overload-induced hypertrophy, unloading-induced atrophy, and diabetes mellitus, the heart induces ‘fetal’ genes (e.g. myosin heavy chain β; mhcβ). Hypothesis We propose that altered glucose homeostasis within the cardiomyocyte acts as a central mechanism for the regulation of gene expression in response to environmental stresses. The evidence is as follows. Methods and Results Forced glucose uptake both ex vivo and in vivo results in mhc isoform switching. Restricting dietary glucose prevents mhc isoform switching in hearts of both GLUT1-Tg mice and rats subjected to pressure overload-induced hypertrophy. Thus, glucose availability correlates with mhc isoform switching under all conditions investigated. A potential mechanism by which glucose affects gene expression is through O-linked glycosylation of specific transcription factors. Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) catalyzes the flux generating step in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis, the rate determining metabolite in protein glycosylation. Ascending aortic constriction increased intracellular levels of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, and the expression of gfat2, but not gfat1, in the rat heart. Conclusions Collectively, the results strongly suggest glucose-regulated gene expression in the heart, and the involvement of glucose metabolites in isoform switching of sarcomeric proteins characteristic for the fetal gene program.
Triclosan: Hazards of Overuse are not limited to Antibiotics
Authors: Bonanthaya Krishnamurthy , Uppal Nakul 
Published: November 2017

How to cite this article
Uppal N, Bonanthaya K. Triclosan: Hazards of Overuse are not limited to Antibiotics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):989-990.
Dissolution of Enamel on Exposure to Various Commercial Beverages Available in India
Authors: Dash Kailash C , Panda Abikshyeet , Bhuyan Lipsa , Ghosh Bikramaditya , Pal Imon 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The study was aimed to estimate the pH of the commonly available soft drinks in the Indian market and to assess the detrimental effects of the juices and beverages on the tooth surface by measuring the weight loss of the tooth sample.

Materials and methods
The study was done with eight different types of commercially available carbonated drink and fruit juices available in the Indian market among which six were carbonated drinks and two were juices. Carbonated drinks experimented were Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Fanta, Mirinda, 7Up and Sprite, and two fruit juices were Tropicana orange juice and real orange juice. Ten different bottles from each category were obtained, and the pH was estimated. Each of the beverages was divided into batch of 10 containers containing the tooth sample. Weight of all samples was measured at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours with subsequently changing each solution at an interval of 24 hours.

Results
The mean pH of the beverages was found ranging from 2.13 ± 0.02 in Pepsi to 3.41 ± 0.02 in Tropicana on opening. The mean pH of water was found to be 6.98 ± 0.01. Among carbonated drinks, the mean weight loss after 24 hours was highest in Coca-Cola and least in 7Up. Tropicana fruit juice had a higher tooth loss than real orange juices. When compared with water, the tooth loss was significantly higher in Coca-Cola after all specified time (hours).

Conclusion
The pH of both carbonated drinks and fruit juices was below the critical pH. The weight loss was also seen after every 24 hours in all the carbonated drinks and beverages. The study showed that these commercial beverages are harmful to the tooth structures, and hence, the health professionals a major role in educating the population about its effects and advising them to use these products precisely.

Clinical significance
The change in lifestyle has increased the demand of soft drinks and artificial juice in Indian market. The use of these carbonated drinks and fruit juices causes damage to the tooth structure in all ages, especially in young mass. Our study provides an idea about the deleterious effects of these commercial drinks on dental hard tissues.

How to cite this article
Panda A, Ghosh B, Pal I, Kumar V, Bhuyan L, Dash KC. Dissolution of Enamel on Exposure to Various Commercial Beverages Available in India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1009-1013.
Histological Evaluation of the Effect of Platelet-rich Plasma on Pulp Regeneration in Nonvital Open Apex Teeth: An Animal Study
Authors: Forghani Maryam , Jafarzadeh Hamid , Ghoddusi Jamileh , Maghsudlu Amir , Jafarian Amirhossein 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which is a concentration of growth factors found in platelets, may be a suitable material for pulp regeneration. The aim of this animal study was a histological evaluation of PRP on pulp regeneration in nonvital teeth with immature apices.

Materials and methods
A total of 40 premolar dogs’ teeth were chosen for this study. After general anesthesia, the teeth were exposed, and subsequently, pulps were removed and the cavities were opened to the oral cavity. After 2 weeks, root canals were irrigated and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite with noninstrumentation technique, and triple antibiotic paste was placed inside the canals. Cavities were sealed with a temporary restoration. About 4 weeks later, canals were irrigated again and the teeth were randomly divided into three groups. Bleeding was evoked with overinstrumentation, then experimental materials for each group [PRP, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and parafilm respectively] were placed over the bleeding, and orifices were sealed with MTA and glass ionomer. After 3 months, dogs were sacrificed and the teeth were separated from the jaws and sections prepared for histological evaluation.

Results
Regeneration was shown in 44.7% of the samples. About 47.3% of the samples in the MTA group and 42.1% of the samples in the PRP group showed regeneration; however, no regeneration was observed in the parafilm group. Chi-square test showed no significant difference between groups I and II. The soft regenerative tissue included pulp-like tissue and vessels. Mineralized regenerative tissue included cementumlike, periodontal ligament-like, and bone-like tissues. No normal pulp and nerve tissue were observed.

Conclusion
Both PRP and MTA may be ideal scaffolds to accelerate the regeneration process.

Clinical significance
Pulp repair in immature permanent teeth with weak roots has a better outcome than replacement of the pulp with gutta-percha or biomaterials.

How to cite this article
Ghoddusi J, Maghsudlu A, Jafarzadeh H, Jafarian A, Forghani M. Histological Evaluation of the Effect of Platelet-rich Plasma on Pulp Regeneration in Nonvital Open Apex Teeth: An Animal Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1045-1050.
Effects of the Ratio between Pigment and Bleaching Gel on the Fracture Resistance and Dentin Microhardness of endodontically treated Teeth
Authors: Bandeca Matheus Coelho , Kuga Milton C , Jordão-Basso Keren CF , Tonetto Mateus R , Galloza Marina OG , Costa Samuel O , Tirintan Fabio C , Keine Kátia C 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bleaching gel using 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), associated with red carmine pigment (RC), in the 3:1 or 1:1 ratio, on fracture resistance and dentin microhardness of endodontically treated teeth.

Materials and methods
A total of 40 lower incisors were endodontically treated and divided into four groups (n = 10), according to the bleaching protocol: G1 (HP3), 35% HP + RC (3:1); G2 (HP1), 35% HP + RC (1:1); G3 (positive), 38% HP; and G4 (negative), unbleached. Four dental bleaching sessions were performed. The dental crowns were restored after the last session and submitted to the fracture resistance test. Totally, 60 specimens from the endodontically treated lower incisor crowns were prepared to evaluate the effects on dentin microhardness. The analysis was measured (in Knoop) prior to and after the last dental bleaching session using similar bleaching protocols.

Results
G2 presented the lowest fracture resistance (p < 0.05). The other groups were similar to each other (p > 0.05). No difference was observed in the reduction of dentin microhardness among the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
A 1:1 ratio (bleaching gel:pigment) caused a significant fracture resistance reduction in relation to the other protocols. No effect on the dentin microhardness reduction was observed.

Clinical significance
The pigment addition to the bleaching agent accelerates the bleaching chemical reaction. However, no studies have evaluated the ideal proportion to optimize tooth bleaching.

How to cite this article
Galloza MOG, Jordão-Basso KCF, Bandeca MC, Costa SO, Borges AH, Tonetto MR, Tirintan FC, Keine KC, Kuga MC. Effects of the Ratio between Pigment and Bleaching Gel on the Fracture Resistance and Dentin Microhardness of endodontically treated Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1051-1055.
Impact of Root Dentin Thickness on the in vitro Compressive Strength of Teeth treated with Recent Post and Core Systems
Authors: Mogla Sahil , Bhagat Amit , Mittal Litik , Kaur Tawanpreet , Dheeraj Munish , Marwah Gursimran 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionEndodontically treated teeth dry with time, and its dentin undergoes changes making the teeth brittle and friable. The main function of a post is to strengthen or reinforce a weakened root. However, doing a post and core frequently requires the removal of sound tooth tissue. Recent materials introduced in the market for post and cores have been promising.AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated extracted permanent teeth with variable remaining root dentin thickness after post space preparation.Materials and methodsA total of 270 freshly extracted permanent maxillary central incisors with fully formed apices were selected, decoronated at cementoenamel junction, and divided into three main groups according to remaining root dentin thickness, determined using a Vernier caliper into 0.5, 1, and 1.50 mm after post space preparation. Each group was further divided into three subgroups (subgroup a: Custom-made cobalt–chromium alloy post and core; subgroup b: Prefabricated glass fiber post and composite core; and subgroup c: EverStick fiber post). Each specimen was subjected to compressive load using universal testing machine. The force required to fracture was recorded and data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.ResultsAnalysis of variance revealed that compressive strength of the tooth is significantly affected by the increase in the remaining dentin thickness after post space preparation (p < 0.05). Furthermore, teeth with custom fabricated posts showed a significantly higher compressive strength (p < 0.05) than prefabricated glass fiber post and EverStick fiber post groups except the group with minimum remaining dentin thickness.ConclusionThe presentin vitrostudy revealed that compressive strength of the post and core systems is directly related to the amount of healthy remaining dentin thickness. Hence, efforts to maximize the preservation of natural dentin should be taken during post space preparation.How to cite this articleBhagat A, Mittal L, Mogla S, Kaur T, Dheeraj M, Marwah G. Impact of Root Dentin Thickness on thein vitroCompressive Strength of Teeth treated with Recent Post and Core Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1065-1070.
Potential Predictor of Tobacco Cessation among Factory Workers: A Baseline Data of Worksite Tobacco Cessation Programs in the Central Part of India
Authors: Gaikwad Rahul , Bhowate Rahul , Bajad Payal , Gondivkar Shailesh 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco use among factory workers and identify the predicting factors for quitting tobacco use.

Materials and methods
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 640 factory workers were included and divided into the quitter group and who had never quit the tobacco habit in the past. Data were collected by standardized and validated questionnaire pro forma, which comprised the demographic profile, smoking history, and Fagerström scale to check the nicotine dependence. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Chi-squares test, whereas logistic regression was used to predict the factor for quitting the tobacco habit. All tests were applied using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0.

Results
The mean age among the quitters was comparatively low than the never-quit group. Out of 640 participants, the majority of quitters and those who never quit were found to consume smokeless tobacco (232 [93.5]; 288 [73.5]). As per logistic regression analysis, gender of participants, age of starting tobacco use, and frequency of tobacco use can be considered as good predictors to quit smoking/chewing tobacco.

Conclusion
The present study found that participants in the quitter group were less dependent on tobacco, and these participants were more likely to quit smoking if behavioral support was provided at the early days of the quitting attempt.

Clinical significance
This study's result provides valuable insight into the current tobacco usage and potential predicting factors for quitting tobacco use among factory workers in India. These data can help in developing a policy for the implementation of tobacco cessation programs at the worksite.

How to cite this article
Gaikwad R, Bhowate R, Bajad P, Gadbail AR, Gondivkar S, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S. Potential Predictor of Tobacco Cessation among Factory Workers: A Baseline Data of Worksite Tobacco Cessation Programs in the Central Part of India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1071-1077.
Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Crevicular Fluid Interleukin-18 Level in Periodontal Health and Disease in Central Maharashtra (India) Population
Authors: Mahajani Monica J , Jadhao Varsha A , Wankhade Pooja S , Samson Emmanuel , Acharya Vishwas D , Tekale Pawankumar D 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAimThe incidence and progression of the periodontal disease depend on periodontal microflora and the multifaceted response of the host, and these interactions are mediated by cytokines and chemokines. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 superfamily. The aim of the present study was the assessment of the periodontal therapy in IL-18 level in periodontal disease and health.Materials and methodsBased on clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) patients were divided into three groups: Group I with healthy patients, group II with chronic periodontitis, and group III with posttreatment patients having periodontitis.ResultsMean PI, PPD, CAL, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume were significantly higher in groups II and III compared with group I. However, there were no significant differences between GI in groups I, II, and III. The total amount of IL-18 in GCF was significantly higher in group II when compared with groups I and III (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe present study confirmed that the IL-18 level in GCF was lower in healthy patients, higher in periodontally involved patients, and reduced at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.Clinical significanceThe IL-18 might be hypothetically beneficial in distinguishing health from disease and monitoring periodontal disease activity.How to cite this articleMahajani MJ, Jadhao VA, Wankhade PS, Samson E, Acharya VD, Tekale PD. Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Crevicular Fluid Interleukin-18 Level in Periodontal Health and Disease in Central Maharashtra (India) Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1085-1089.
The Challenges of Linking Pay and Promotion: Repeated Reforms of the European Commission Staff Appraisal Process
Authors: Ban Carolyn 
Published: November 2017

In response to the 1999 crisis caused by the mass resignation of the European Commission, the Commission introduced a series of administrative reforms based in large part on New Public Management models. A centerpiece of those reforms was a new staff appraisal process linking numeric ratings with promotions, which was designed explicitly to change the management culture of the Commission. Of all parts of the reform, this was by far the most controversial. This paper traces the long arc of reform, as the original reform was replaced with a second version that was even more rigid and complex, leading to a third reform, in 2012, which returned the Commission in large part to the status quo ante, abandoning numeric ratings and the formal link to promotions. I analyze the reasons for the reforms and the problems and unintended consequences of each. In conclusion, I link this saga of repeated reforms to the broader literature on the effectiveness of attempts to change organizational culture through formal structural reforms.
Chinese Christianity: The Study of Indigenous Theology in Twentieth-Century China
Authors: Ng Dennis Tak Wing 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Scholars have been discovering the rich and diverse cultures in Asia and their possible contribution to the study of world Christianity today. The present article is an attempt to explore Chinese Christianity by studying two indigenous theologians in early and mid-twentieth-century China, Francis Wei and T. C. Chao. Attention is given to expounding their theologies on cultural and religious diversity and their understanding of indigenous Christianity in an Asian context. Special references are made to what they said in mid-twentieth-century China that may be traced back to the Jerusalem Conference of 1928. It is found that the work and theology of Wei and Chao are still of great relevance to our recent discussions on world Christianity, especially with regard to the interpretation of Christianity through Chinese culture, illustrating a typical example of using ethnic cultures almost a century ago.
Adaptief beleid en beleidsevaluaties
Authors: Hermans Leon 
Published: November 2017

Adaptief beleid en beleidsevaluaties
Er is de laatste tijd veel aandacht voor het omgaan met onzekerheid en dynamiek in beleid. Zo is er recent de roep om leren door doen, door een overheid die samen met de samenleving het experiment aan durft te gaan. Zo’n benadering van beleid als gezamenlijk experiment is veelbelovend, maar vergt ook passende methoden voor beleidsevaluaties. Adaptief beleid speelt hierop in. De laatste jaren is een belangrijke stap gezet in de ontwikkeling van methoden waarmee adaptief beleid ontwikkeld kan worden. Voor de evaluatie en de rol van evaluaties heeft dit belangrijke implicaties. In dit artikel wordt hierop verder ingegaan, op basis van ervaringen met adaptief beleid en beleidsevaluatie binnen het Nederlandse Deltaprogramma.
How to Define the Mean Square Amplitude of Solar Wind Fluctuations With Respect to the Local Mean Magnetic Field
Authors: Podesta John J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOver the last decade it has become popular to analyze turbulent solar wind fluctuations with respect to a coordinate system aligned with the local mean magnetic field. This useful analysis technique has provided new information and new insights about the nature of solar wind fluctuations and provided some support for phenomenological theories of MHD turbulence based on the ideas of Goldreich and Sridhar. At the same time it has drawn criticism suggesting that the use of a scale‐dependent local mean field is somehow inconsistent or irreconcilable with traditional analysis techniques based on second‐order structure functions and power spectra that, for stationary time series, are defined with respect to the constant (scale‐independent) ensemble average magnetic field. Here it is shown that for fluctuations with power law spectra, such as those observed in solar wind turbulence, it is possible to define the local mean magnetic field in a special way such that the total mean square amplitude (trace amplitude) of turbulent fluctuations is approximately the same, scale by scale, as that obtained using traditional second‐order structure functions or power spectra. This fact should dispel criticism concerning the physical validity or practical usefulness of the local mean magnetic field in these applications.