bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicium bald auch in der Batterie
Authors: Tempel Hermann , Hausen Florian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMetallluftbatterien gibt es seit Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts. Bisher kommt kommerziell aber nur die Zinkluftbatterie zum Einsatz, und zwar in Hörgeräten. Dafür sind Metallluftbatterien ideal, da sie über lange Zeit geringe konstante Ströme liefern. Derzeit suchen Wissenschaftler nach Elektrolyten, um ein wiederaufladbares Siliciumluftbatteriesystem herzustellen.
Vom Entdecken des kleinsten Atoms
Authors: Niese Siegfried 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDer österreichische Physiker Martin Deutsch studierte zunächst in Wien und dann am Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mit dem von deutschen Kollegen entwickelten Szintillationsverfahren wies er das kleinste Atom nach, das Positronium, und bestimmte dessen Lebensdauer.
Eine coole Technik: Kryoelektronenmikroskopie
Authors: Raunser Stefan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDer Nobelpreis für Chemie geht in diesem Jahr an Joachim Frank, Jacques Dubochet und Richard Henderson. Sie haben die Grundlage geschaffen, um Strukturen von Biomolekülen hochaufgelöst mit Kryoelektronenmikroskopie zu bestimmen.
Mutig und enthusiastisch gründen
Authors: Nagler Peter 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIm Jahr 1867 gründete sich die Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft, die ältere der beiden Vorgängerorganisationen der GDCh. Die Chemische Gesellschaft entstand in einer Zeit, als in der chemischen Industrie eine Aufbruch‐ und Gründerstimmung herrschte. Kann es heute wieder so weit sein?
Outcome of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma with hypersensitivity to pegaspargase treated with PEGylated Erwinia asparaginase, pegcrisantaspase: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Rau Rachel E. , Dreyer ZoAnn , Choi Mi Rim , Liang Wei , Skowronski Roman , Allamneni Krishna P. , Devidas Meenakshi , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Adamson Peter C. , Blaney Susan M. , Loh Mignon L. , Hunger Stephen P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundErwinia asparaginase is a Food and Drug Administration approved agent for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) for patients who develop hypersensitivity to Escherichia coli derived asparaginases. Erwinia asparaginase is efficacious, but has a short half‐life, requiring six doses to replace one dose of the most commonly used first‐line asparaginase, pegaspargase, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated E. coli asparaginase. Pegcristantaspase, a recombinant PEGylated Erwinia asparaginase with improved pharmacokinetics, was developed for patients with hypersensitivity to pegaspargase. Here, we report a series of patients treated on a pediatric phase 2 trial of pegcrisantaspase.ProcedurePediatric patients with ALL or lymphoblastic lymphoma and hypersensitivity to pegaspargase enrolled on Children's Oncology Group trial AALL1421 (Jazz 13‐011) and received intravenous pegcrisantaspase. Serum asparaginase activity (SAA) was monitored before and after dosing; immunogenicity assays were performed for antiasparaginase and anti‐PEG antibodies and complement activation was evaluated.ResultsThree of the four treated patients experienced hypersensitivity to pegcrisantaspase manifested as clinical hypersensitivity reactions or rapid clearance of SAA. Immunogenicity assays demonstrated the presence of anti‐PEG immunoglobulin G antibodies in all three hypersensitive patients, indicating a PEG‐mediated immune response.ConclusionsThis small series of patients, nonetheless, provides data, suggesting preexisting immunogenicity against the PEG moiety of pegaspargase and poses the question as to whether PEGylation may be an effective strategy to optimize Erwinia asparaginase administration. Further study of larger cohorts is needed to determine the incidence of preexisting antibodies against PEG‐mediated hypersensitivity to pegaspargase.
The limbic and neocortical contribution of α‐synuclein, tau, and amyloid β to disease duration in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Ferman Tanis J. , Aoki Naoya , Crook Julia E. , Murray Melissa E. , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , van Gerpen Jay A. , Uitti Ryan J. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Pedraza Otto , Kantarci Kejal , Boeve Bradley F. , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionWe sought to assess the individual and combined contribution of limbic and neocortical α‐synuclein, tau, and amyloid β (Aβ) to duration of illness in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).MethodsQuantitative digital pathology of limbic and neocortical α‐synuclein, tau, and Aβ was assessed in 49 patients with clinically probable DLB. Regression modeling examined the unique and shared contribution of each pathology to the variance of illness duration.ResultsPatients with diffuse Lewy body disease had more severe pathology of each type and a shorter duration of illness than individuals with transitional Lewy body disease. The three pathologies accounted for 25% of the total variance of duration of illness, with 19% accounted for by α‐synuclein alone or in combination with tau and Aβ. When the diffuse Lewy body disease group was examined separately, α‐synuclein deposition significantly exceeded that of tau and Aβ. In this model, 20% of 24% total variance in the model for duration of illness was accounted for independently by α‐synuclein.DiscussionIn DLB, α‐synuclein is an important predictor of disease duration, both independently and synergistically with tau and Aβ.
Reconsidering NATO expansion: a counterfactual analysis of Russia and the West in the 1990s
Authors: Marten Kimberly 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article re-examines the history of NATO’s original post-Cold War enlargement to include the Visegrad states of Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic. It uses both published materials and the author’s new interviews with key US and Russian policymakers, and employs robust qualitative counterfactual methods to ask two questions: whether there were any realistic alternatives to NATO enlargement, and whether NATO enlargement was responsible for the downturn in Russian relations with the West. It concludes that domestic politics were the dominant factors explaining policy directions on both the US and Russian sides; that NATO enlargement was probably inevitable given US domestic political factors and West European acquiescence; that Russia’s turn against the West preceded the NATO expansion discussion in the US; that the tenor of the Russian turn is explained by status concerns rather than military threat perceptions, and that it was aggravated most by Western unilateral airstrikes rather than NATO’s geographical enlargement; and that the one policy initiative that might have realistically slowed NATO enlargement if it had been adopted differently, Partnership for Peace, did not affect those Russian status concerns and thus could not have redirected the relationship.
REFLECTIONS ON THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF THE IRISH REVOLUTION
Authors: Bourke Richard 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTExamining the political thought of the Irish Revolution poses two distinct problems. First, we need to establish how we should date the Revolution for the purposes of intellectual history. There is no doubting that the 1916 Easter Rising was an event in British and Irish politics, but it was also an event in the world of ideas. Any serious consideration of this episode and its aftermath therefore needs to trace its origins to patterns of thought as well as shifts in affairs, and the two processes do not necessarily coincide. The second requirement for understanding the role of political thought in the Revolution is to reconstruct carefully the actual doctrines articulated and deployed. Irish historians have been reluctant to engage in this process of interpretation. Yet a more searching account of political ideas in the period has the potential to change our approach to the Revolution as a whole.
Odor-evoked inhibition of olfactory sensory neurons drives olfactory perception in Drosophila
Authors: Cao Li-Hui , Yang Dong , Wu Wei , Zeng Xiankun , Jing Bi-Yang , Li Meng-Tong , Qin Shanshan , Tang Chao , Tu Yuhai , Luo Dong-Gen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInhibitory response occurs throughout the nervous system, including the peripheral olfactory system. While odor-evoked excitation in peripheral olfactory cells is known to encode odor information, the molecular mechanism and functional roles of odor-evoked inhibition remain largely unknown. Here, we examined Drosophila olfactory sensory neurons and found that inhibitory odors triggered outward receptor currents by reducing the constitutive activities of odorant receptors, inhibiting the basal spike firing in olfactory sensory neurons. Remarkably, this odor-evoked inhibition of olfactory sensory neurons elicited by itself a full range of olfactory behaviors from attraction to avoidance, as did odor-evoked olfactory sensory neuron excitation. These results indicated that peripheral inhibition is comparable to excitation in encoding sensory signals rather than merely regulating excitation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a bidirectional code with both odor-evoked inhibition and excitation in single olfactory sensory neurons increases the odor-coding capacity, providing a means of efficient sensory encoding.
The challenge of mapping the human connectome based on diffusion tractography
Authors: Maier-Hein Klaus H. , Neher Peter F. , Houde Jean-Christophe , Côté Marc-Alexandre , Garyfallidis Eleftherios , Zhong Jidan , Chamberland Maxime , Yeh Fang-Cheng , Lin Ying-Chia , Ji Qing , Reddick Wilburn E. , Glass John O. , Chen David Qixiang , Feng Yuanjing , Gao Chengfeng , Wu Ye , Ma Jieyan , He Renjie , Li Qiang , Westin Carl-Fredrik , Deslauriers-Gauthier Samuel , González J. Omar Ocegueda , Paquette Michael , St-Jean Samuel , Girard Gabriel , Rheault François , Sidhu Jasmeen , Tax Chantal M. W. , Guo Fenghua , Mesri Hamed Y. , Dávid Szabolcs , Froeling Martijn , Heemskerk Anneriet M. , Leemans Alexander , Boré Arnaud , Pinsard Basile , Bedetti Christophe , Desrosiers Matthieu , Brambati Simona , Doyon Julien , Sarica Alessia , Vasta Roberta , Cerasa Antonio , Quattrone Aldo , Yeatman Jason , Khan Ali R. , Hodges Wes , Alexander Simon , Romascano David , Barakovic Muhamed , Auría Anna , Esteban Oscar , Lemkaddem Alia , Thiran Jean-Philippe , Cetingul H. Ertan , Odry Benjamin L. , Mailhe Boris , Nadar Mariappan S. , Pizzagalli Fabrizio , Prasad Gautam , Villalon-Reina Julio E. , Galvis Justin , Thompson Paul M. , Requejo Francisco De Santiago , Laguna Pedro Luque , Lacerda Luis Miguel , Barrett Rachel , Dell’Acqua Flavio , Catani Marco , Petit Laurent , Caruyer Emmanuel , Daducci Alessandro , Dyrby Tim B. , Holland-Letz Tim , Hilgetag Claus C. , Stieltjes Bram , Descoteaux Maxime 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTractography based on non-invasive diffusion imaging is central to the study of human brain connectivity. To date, the approach has not been systematically validated in ground truth studies. Based on a simulated human brain data set with ground truth tracts, we organized an open international tractography challenge, which resulted in 96 distinct submissions from 20 research groups. Here, we report the encouraging finding that most state-of-the-art algorithms produce tractograms containing 90% of the ground truth bundles (to at least some extent). However, the same tractograms contain many more invalid than valid bundles, and half of these invalid bundles occur systematically across research groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate and confirm fundamental ambiguities inherent in tract reconstruction based on orientation information alone, which need to be considered when interpreting tractography and connectivity results. Our approach provides a novel framework for estimating reliability of tractography and encourages innovation to address its current limitations.
Resistance to TGFβ suppression and improved anti-tumor responses in CD8+ T cells lacking PTPN22
Authors: Brownlie Rebecca J. , Garcia Celine , Ravasz Mate , Zehn Dietmar , Salmond Robert J. , Zamoyska Rose 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTransforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is important in maintaining self-tolerance and inhibits T cell reactivity. We show that CD8+ T cells that lack the tyrosine phosphatase Ptpn22, a major predisposing gene for autoimmune disease, are resistant to the suppressive effects of TGFβ. Resistance to TGFβ suppression, while disadvantageous in autoimmunity, helps Ptpn22
−/−
T cells to be intrinsically superior at clearing established tumors that secrete TGFβ. Mechanistically, loss of Ptpn22 increases the capacity of T cells to produce IL-2, which overcomes TGFβ-mediated suppression. These data suggest that a viable strategy to improve anti-tumor adoptive cell therapy may be to engineer tumor-restricted T cells with mutations identified as risk factors for autoimmunity.
Convenient iron-catalyzed reductive aminations without hydrogen for selective synthesis of N-methylamines
Authors: Natte Kishore , Neumann Helfried , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V. , Beller Matthias 
Published: November 2017

AbstractN-Methylated amines play an important role in regulating the biological and pharmaceutical properties of all kinds of life science molecules. In general, this class of compounds is synthesizedviareductive amination reactions using high pressure of molecular hydrogen. Thus, on laboratory scale especially in drug discovery, activated (toxic) methyl compounds such as methyl iodide and dimethyl sulfate are still employed, which also generate significant amounts of waste. Therefore, the development of more convenient and operationally simple processes for the synthesis of advancedN-methylamines is highly desired. Herein, we report the synthesis of functionalized and structurally diverseN-methylamines directly from nitroarenes and paraformaldehyde, in which the latter acts as both methylation and reducing agent in the presence of reusable iron oxide catalyst. The general applicability of this protocol is demonstrated by the synthesis of >50 importantN-methylamines including highly selective reductiveN-methylations of life science molecules and actual drugs, namely hordenine, venlafaxine, imipramine and amitriptyline.
Atomically dispersed hybrid nickel-iridium sites for photoelectrocatalysis
Authors: Cui Chunhua , Heggen Marc , Zabka Wolf-Dietrich , Cui Wei , Osterwalder Jürg , Probst Benjamin , Alberto Roger 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAtomically dispersed supported catalysts can maximize atom efficiency and minimize cost. In spite of much progress in gas-phase catalysis, applying such catalysts in the field of renewable energy coupled with electrochemistry remains a challenge due to their limited durability in electrolyte. Here, we report a robust and atomically dispersed hybrid catalyst formed in situ on a hematite semiconductor support during photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution by electrostatic adsorption of soluble monomeric [Ir(OH)6]2− coupled to positively charged NiOx sites. The alkali-stable [Ir(OH)6]2− features synergistically enhanced activity toward water oxidation through NiOx that acts as a “movable bridge” of charge transfer from the hematite surface to the single iridium center. This hybrid catalyst sustains high performance and stability in alkaline electrolyte for >80 h of operation. Our findings provide a promising path for soluble catalysts that are weakly and reversibly bound to semiconductor-supported hole-accumulation inorganic materials under catalytic reaction conditions as hybrid active sites for photoelectrocatalysis.
Leucine repeat adaptor protein 1 interacts with Dishevelled to regulate gastrulation cell movements in zebrafish
Authors: Cheng Xiao-Ning , Shao Ming , Li Ji-Tong , Wang Yan-Fei , Qi Jing , Xu Zhi-Gang , Shi De-Li 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGastrulation is a fundamental morphogenetic event that requires polarised cell behaviours for coordinated asymmetric cell movements. Wnt/PCP signalling plays a critical role in this process. Dishevelled is an important conserved scaffold protein that relays Wnt/PCP signals from membrane receptors to the modulation of cytoskeleton organisation. However, it remains unclear how its activity is regulated for the activation of downstream effectors. Here, we report that Lurap1 is a Dishevelled-interacting protein that regulates Wnt/PCP signalling in convergence and extension movements during vertebrate gastrulation. Its loss-of-function leads to enhanced Dishevelled membrane localisation and increased JNK activity. In maternal-zygotic lurap1 mutant zebrafish embryos, cell polarity and directional movement are disrupted. Time-lapse analyses indicate that Lurap1, Dishevelled, and JNK functionally interact to orchestrate polarised cellular protrusive activity, and Lurap1 is required for coordinated centriole/MTOC positioning in movement cells. These findings demonstrate that Lurap1 functions to regulate cellular polarisation and motile behaviours during gastrulation movements.
Transcriptomics-driven lipidomics (TDL) identifies the microbiome-regulated targets of ileal lipid metabolism
Authors: Chakrabarti Anirikh , Membrez Mathieu , Morin-Rivron Delphine , Siddharth Jay , Chou Chieh Jason , Henry Hugues , Bruce Stephen , Metairon Sylviane , Raymond Frederic , Betrisey Bertrand , Loyer Carole , Parkinson Scott J. , Masoodi Mojgan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe gut microbiome and lipid metabolism are both recognized as essential components in the maintenance of metabolic health. The mechanisms involved are multifactorial and (especially for microbiome) poorly defined. A strategic approach to investigate the complexity of the microbial influence on lipid metabolism would facilitate determination of relevant molecular mechanisms for microbiome-targeted therapeutics. E. coli is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome and we used this association in conjunction with gnotobiotic models to investigate the impact of E. coli on lipid metabolism. To address the complexities of the integration of the microbiome and lipid metabolism, we developed transcriptomics-driven lipidomics (TDL) to predict the impact of E. coli colonization on lipid metabolism and established mediators of inflammation and insulin resistance including arachidonic acid metabolism, alterations in bile acids and dietary lipid absorption. A microbiome-related therapeutic approach targeting these mechanisms may therefore provide a therapeutic avenue supporting maintenance of metabolic health.
The expression of miRNAs is associated with tumour genome instability and predicts the outcome of ovarian cancer patients treated with platinum agents
Authors: Wang Tianzhen , Wang Guangyu , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wu Di , Yang Lei , Wang Guangyou , Hao Dapeng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractmiRNAs, a class of short but stable noncoding RNA molecules, have been revealed to play important roles in the DNA damage response (DDR). However, their functions in cancer genome instability and the consequent clinical effect as the response to chemotherapy have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we utilized multidimensional TCGA data and the known miRNAs involved in DDR to identify a miRNA-regulatory network that responds to DNA damage. Additionally, based on the expression of ten miRNAs in this network, we developed a 10-miRNA-score that predicts defects in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway and genome instability in ovarian cancer. Importantly, consistent with the association between HR defects and improved response to chemotherapeutic agents, the 10-miRNA-score predicts the outcome of ovarian cancer patients treated with platinum agents, with a surprisingly better performance than the indexes of DNA damage. Therefore, our study demonstrates the implication of miRNA expression on cancer genome instability and provides an alternative method to identify DDR defects in patients who show the best effect with platinum drug treatment.
Cardiovascular consequences of myocardial bridging: A meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Hostiuc Sorin , Rusu Mugurel Constantin , Hostiuc Mihaela , Negoi Ruxandra Irina , Negoi Ionuț 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMyocardial bridging, a congenital abnormality in which a coronary artery tunnels through the myocardial fibres was usually considered a benign condition. Many studies suggested a potential hemodynamic significance of myocardial bridging and some, usually case reports, implied a possible correlation between it and various cardiovascular pathologies like acute myocardial infarction, ventricular rupture, life-threatening arrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, apical ballooning syndrome or sudden death. The main objective of this article is to evaluate whether myocardial bridging may be associated with significant cardiac effects or if it is strictly a benign anatomical variation. To this purpose, we performed a meta-analysis (performed using the inverse variance heterogeneity model) and meta-regression, on scientific articles selected from three main databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed). The study included 21 articles. MB was associated with major adverse cardiac events - OR = 1.52 (1.01–2.30), and myocardial ischemia OR = 3.00 (1.02–8.82) but not with acute myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, ischemia identified using imaging techniques, or positive exercise stress testing. Overall, myocardial bridging may have significant cardiovascular consequences (MACE, myocardial ischemia). More studies are needed to reveal/refute a clear association with MI, sudden death or other cardiovascular pathologies.
On-chip Microscopy Using Random Phase Mask Scheme
Authors: Hussain Anwar , Li Yicheng , Liu Diyi , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, a simple and novel phase-retrieval scheme is implemented using multi-angle illumination to enhance the resolution of lensless microscopy. A random-phase mask (from 0 to 2π) precedes the sample to encode the information at the sensor plane. The sample is illuminated with multiple angles that are symmetrical along the optical axis of the system. The system is initially calibrated while recording the images without any sample at the corresponding multi angles. The two types of image are mutually subtracted, and the resultant images are summed at the sensor plane and backpropagated to the sample plane. The final image is free of the twin-image effect, and has a high signal-to-noise ratio owing to the multi angles of the illumination scheme. This scheme gives a resolution of ~4 micron for a large field-of-view (~15 mm2). The scheme is useful for robust imaging owing to the fast phase-retrieval method, and it enables a straightforward analytical reconstruction instead of using complicated iterative algorithms in a lensless microscopic setup.