bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Methods of Updating Training Data in Long-Term Genomewide Selection
Authors: Neyhart Jeffrey L , Tiede Tyler , Lorenz Aaron J , Smith Kevin P 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Genomewide selection is hailed for its ability to facilitate greater genetic gains per unit time. Over breeding cycles, the requisite linkage disequilibrium (LD) between quantitative trait loci and markers is expected to change as a result of recombination, selection, and drift, leading to a decay in prediction accuracy. Previous research has identified the need to update the training population using data that may capture new LD generated over breeding cycles; however, optimal methods of updating have not been explored. In a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding simulation experiment, we examined prediction accuracy and response to selection when updating the training population each cycle with the best predicted lines, the worst predicted lines, both the best and worst predicted lines, random lines, criterion-selected lines, or no lines. In the short term, we found that updating with the best predicted lines or the best and worst predicted lines resulted in high prediction accuracy and genetic gain, but in the long term, all methods (besides not updating) performed similarly. We also examined the impact of including all data in the training population or only the most recent data. Though patterns among update methods were similar, using a smaller but more recent training population provided a slight advantage in prediction accuracy and genetic gain. In an actual breeding program, a breeder might desire to gather phenotypic data on lines predicted to be the best, perhaps to evaluate possible cultivars. Therefore, our results suggest that an optimal method of updating the training population is also very practical.
Paternal Induction of Hybrid Dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster Is Weakly Correlated with Both P-Element and hobo Element Dosage
Authors: Srivastav Satyam P , Kelleher Erin S 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are virtually ubiquitous components of genomes, yet they often impose significant fitness consequences on their hosts. In addition to producing specific deleterious mutations by insertional inactivation, TEs also impose general fitness costs by inducing DNA damage and participating in ectopic recombination. These latter fitness costs are often assumed to be dosage-dependent, with stronger effects occurring in the presence of higher TE copy numbers. We test this assumption in Drosophila melanogaster by considering the relationship between the copy number of two active DNA transposons, P-element and hobo element, and the incidence of hybrid dysgenesis, a sterility syndrome associated with transposon activity in the germline. By harnessing a subset of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), a group of fully-sequenced D. melanogaster strains, we describe quantitative and structural variation in P-elements and hobo elements among wild-derived genomes and associate these factors with hybrid dysgenesis. We find that the incidence of hybrid dysgenesis is associated with both P-element and hobo element copy number in a dosage-dependent manner. However, the relationship is weak for both TEs, suggesting that dosage alone explains only a small part of TE-associated fitness costs.
Spatial layout of the functions in Kulla
Authors: Sylejmani Mimoza , Medvegy Gabriella , Beqiri Lulzim 
Published: March 2017

The paper deals with the analysis of the fortified dwellings - Kulla, which were constructed in Kosovo since XVIII–XIX century. As a case study, one took the Kulla, which were constructed in the Plain of Dukagjin. These types of dwellings were not constructed solely in Kosovo, but also in other countries of the region, that is: Northern Albania, Macedonia, and Montenegro. In Kosovo, the major parts of these buildings were constructed in the Plain of Dukagjin. Usually these buildings were constructed in two and three floors.
Characteristic feature of these buildings is the division of functions in vertical direction.
The research is based on the literature, analysis of the buildings, the research that was done up to now, including the interviewing of the persons-owners of the Kullas.
The aim was to get an understanding on the purpose of constructing the Kulla in vertical manner.
Kulla was analyzed in functional, architectural, constructive and condition aspect, which it offers to its inhabitants. There are a lot of factors that influenced on the construction of these buildings, one of them being the climate. Kosovo is characterized by a harsh climate during cold season of the year, which influenced on the relatively low height of the floors. Another feature is limited lighting in the ground floor, which increases steadily going further up to the last floor, as well as through the embrasures used for fire arms.
A védőnői méhnyakszűrési pilot program értékelése
Authors: Vajda Réka , Árváné Egri Csilla , Kovács Attila , Budai András , Döbrőssy Lajos , Koiss Róbert , Kívés Zsuzsanna , Boncz Imre 
Published: March 2017

Abstract: Introduction: Within the tender (6.1.3.A-13/1-2013-0001) supported by the European Union, we wished to involve health visitors into the organized cervical cancer screening program. Aim: The aim of our survey was to assess the satisfaction of health visitors, instructors, and that of the teaching aids. Furthermore, we wished to assess whether the teaching materials met the expectations. Method: Satisfaction of the health visitors was assessed by a survey, in four groups of questions. These involved the assessment of the instructors, the teaching aids, evaluation of the further training day, and the compliance with the knowledge of training. Period for completion of the questionnaires lasted from October to December in 2014. We used descriptive statistics for data evaluation. Results: Data of 2148 health visitors was evaluated. They rated the performance of gynecologist-obstetricians 4.65, that of health visitors 4.61, that of public health professionals 4.56, and that of IT specialists 4.52. 98% of the teaching aids were useful for them and the acquired knowledge was appropriate with their expectations. Conclusion: The health visitors were satisfied with the theoretical instruction within the pilot program. The professionally well prepared health visitors may contribute to the success of the cervical cancer screening program. Orv. Hetil, 2017, 158(12), 461–467.
Военно-политические аспекты субрегиональной интеграции в Европе
Authors: Надточей Юрий Иванович 
Published: March 2017

<p>В европейской политике с каждым годом играют все более важную роль субрегиональные объединения. Они включают в себя территориально близко расположенные и тесно связанные в историческом, экономическом и культурном отношении страны Европы. Этим продиктована необходимость их более глубокого и всестороннего исследования. Одной из важных и недостаточно изученных сфер деятельности субрегиональных объединений стран зарубежной Европы является область безопасности и обороны. В исследовании описывается панорамная картина деятельности подобных объединений в условиях меняющейся геополитической ситуации в Европе, дается характеристика конкретных форм субрегионального сотрудничества в отдельных ее частях. При этом взаимодействие государств внутри описываемых субрегиональных группировок рассматривается в более широких масштабах европейской и евроатлантической интеграции.</p><p>Выделяются новые тенденции в развитии субрегионального сотрудничества на фоне усиливающихся центробежных тенденций внутри Европейского союза. Все более отчетливые очертания обретает процесс постепенного группирования государств, ставящих целью решение общих для них проблем в области безопасности, обороны, военно-политического и военно-технического сотрудничества. Такие группировки и входящие в них страны формируют особую субрегиональную оборонную идентичность, которая развивается параллельно интеграционным процессам на уровне панъевропейских организаций. Автор отмечает, что данный процесс не приведет к вытеснению на периферию европейской системы безопасности ни ЕС, ни НАТО.</p><p>С точки зрения обеспечения интересов России в области ее безопасности представляется целесообразным учитывать фактор субрегионального военно-политического сотрудничества в Европе в процессе реализации Россией своего внешнеполитического курса на европейском направлении.</p>
Возможности использования семантических информационных сервисов в музейном деле (на примере Музея истории ПетрГУ)
Authors: Яловицына Светлана Эрккиевна , Волохова Валентина Владимировна , Корзун Дмитрий Жоржевич , Варфоломеев Алексей Геннадьевич 
Published: March 2017

<p>В статье представлен авторский подход к развитию Музея истории Петрозаводского государственного университета на основе такого вида цифровых услуг для посетителей и музейных работников, как семантические информационные сервисы. Мотивом к реализации семантических сервисов в деятельности музея стала необходимость контекстного поиска информации в музейном фонде, а также использования потенциала посетителей в пополнении фонда ранее не задействованной в экспозиции информацией и новыми экспонатами, в том числе в электронном виде. </p><p>Предложены сценарии использования сервисов, показывающие, какую информационную поддержку можно обеспечить в музее для: 1) отбора экспонатов для новых экспозиций, 2) персонализированного предоставления информации об экспонатах посетителю, 3) получения от посетителей музея новой информации о хранимых музейных экспонатах, 4) пополнения фонда музея за счет новых экспонатов в электронном виде, полученных от посетителей.</p><p>Основой предлагаемых сервисов является создаваемая в музее семантическая сеть, объединяющая как сами экспонаты музейного фонда, так и иные информационные объекты, связанные с конкретными экспонатами и историей университета и образования в целом. Особым вниманием при создании онтологии семантической сети пользуются у авторов информационные объекты, связанные с повседневной жизнью университетского сообщества.</p><p>Представленный подход может быть интересен не только музейным работникам, но и профессиональным исследователям, заинтересованным в получении и изучении новых фактов из истории повседневной жизни образовательно-научной организации. <strong></strong></p>
Существует ли информация в неживой природе?
Authors: Плешкевич Евгений Александрович 
Published: March 2017

<p>Известным отечественным ученым К. К. Колиным в 2000-х годах была разработана материально-информационная концепция реальности, обосновывающая существование определенного промежуточного мира между природой и человеком, в котором еще нет жизни, но уже есть идеальное, а значит, и информация. В качестве доказательства он предлагает провести мыслительный эксперимент со столкновением двух шаров разной плотности. В результате столкновения на одном из шаров образуется вмятина, которая отражает геометрическую форму второго шара. Эта вмятина, по мнению Колина, является идеальным и реальным объектом одновременно и фактом своего существования доказывает существование информации в неживой природе. Данная концепция призвана подтвердить атрибутивный взгляд на природу информации.</p><p>В результате повторного проведения данного мыслительного эксперимента по столкновению шаров мы получили другие результаты. В частности взаимодействие шаров носило исключительно материально-энергетический характер, а его результаты стали отображением физических свойств объектов. Иными словами, идеально-реальные объекты в эксперименте не обнаружены. Таким образом, существование информации в неживой природе продолжает оставаться не доказанным. </p>
Early detection with renal Doppler resistive index measurements of hemorrhagic shock in polytrauma patients
Authors: Yeslawath Nitishkumar Dhanajirao 
Published: March 2017

Background: Poly trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. The aim was to investigate whether renal Doppler RI changes occur early with posttraumatic bleeding and whether the renal Doppler RI may enable accurate prediction of occult hypoperfusion and thus be predictive of the development of hemorrhagic shock in polytrauma patients.Methods: It was a prospective study involving patients admitted in the causality and evaluated by radiology department. Study was done in a period of 6 months from June 2016-December 2016. Renal Doppler RI was measured in 48 hemodynamically stable adult patients admitted in emergency because of polytrauma.Results: 26 patients developed hemorrhagic shock, and 22 did not. Hemorrhagic shock group, as compared with the nonhemorrhagic shock group, had higher renal Doppler RI (mean, 0.79±0.11 [standard deviation] vs 0.61±0.2; P<0.01), injury severity score (mean, 33±12 vs 25±9; P<0.01), and standard base excess (mean, -4.0mEq/L±4 vs 1mEq/L±3; P≤0.05) values. At logistic regression analysis, a renal Doppler RI greater than 0.9 was the only independent risk factor for progression to hemorrhagic shock (P<0.001).Conclusions: Renal Doppler RI measurement may represent a clinically useful non-invasive method for the early detection of occult hemorrhagic shock.
Significance of a change in dividend payment frequency
Authors: Kambeu Edson 
Published: March 2017

The objective of this paper is to analyse the significance of a change in dividend payment frequency. We initially argue that a change in dividend payment frequency is significant and relevant in the same manner as a change in dividend policy. We analyse the subject using an event study of Sechaba Holdings, a firm listed on the Botswana Exchange` that decided to change its dividend payment frequency from quarterly to bi-annual payment to examine the subject. We specifically used an event study methodology that analyses the significance of abnormal returns that occurred during the event period. The study revealed that the firm’s decision to change its dividend payment frequency did not significantly affect abnormal returns during the event period. The study therefore contradicted our initial argument that a change in dividend payment frequency is significant and relevant.
Comparison of Strong-Alkali and Weak-Alkali ASP-Flooding Field Tests in Daqing Oil Field
Authors: Guo Hu , Li Yiqiang , Wang Fuyong , Gu Yuanyuan 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding is one of the most-promising enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) technologies. Strong alkali (NaOH) was used in early field tests mainly because of its stronger emulsification ability and wider surfactant range, which can meet the requirements of ultralow interfacial tension (IFT). However, subsequent field tests indicated that the advantages of a strong alkali did not outweigh the disadvantages caused by serious scaling and production-capacity loss. Although a critical comparison of strong alkali ASP (SASP) and weak alkali ASP (WASP) on the basis of field tests is quite difficult and complex, considering the small differences in reservoir characteristics, injected fluid, and operational changes, the two completed field tests in Daqing provided us with valuable and important information.
The petrophysical features of the two field tests were similar. The well spacings and well patterns of the two field tests were critically the same, and the same screening standards and design ideas were followed. The incremental recoveries of WASP and SASP were nearly the same, while WASP had a higher peak oil production than SASP after the injection took effect. WASP was proved to have less liquid-producing-capacity loss than SASP. The emulsification effects of WASP were weaker than those of SASP, which also lowered the difficulty and cost of the treatment of the emulsified fluid. The chromatographic separation was different in the two pilot tests, in which WASP had alleviated chromatographic separation. Breakthrough of the polymer occurred before the alkali followed by the surfactant, and this occurred at 0.06 pore volumes (PV) for SASP but was delayed until 0.13 PV for the WASP flooding. The scaling of SASP was much-more severe than that of WASP, leading to a much-higher treatment cost. The economic performances of the two tests, which are of vital importance in a low-oil-price era, were quite different, and WASP had much-better performance than SASP. The input/output ratios of WASP in B-2-X and SASP in B-1-DD were 1:3.7 and 1:2.3, respectively. The returns on investment (ROIs) of WASP in B-2-X and SASP in B-1-DD were 19.1 and 12.9%, respectively, whereas the financial internal rates of return (FIRRs) after tax were 22.3 and 18.0%, respectively. The average FIRR of local oil-industry projects is 12%. Field tests indicated that WASP is both technically and economically better than SASP under the conditions in the Daqing oil field.
Development of Multiple Regression Models to Predict Sources of Fecal Pollution
Authors: Hall Kimberlee K. , Scheuerman Phillip R. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the usefulness of multivariate statistical tools to characterize watershed dynamics and prioritize streams for remediation. Three multiple regression models were developed using water quality data collected from Sinking Creek in the Watauga River watershed in Northeast Tennessee. Model 1 included all water quality parameters, model 2 included parameters identified by stepwise regression, and model 3 was developed using canonical discriminant analysis. Models were evaluated in seven creeks to determine if they correctly classified land use and level of fecal pollution. At the watershed level, the models were statistically significant (p < 0.001) but with low r2 values (Model 1 r2 = 0.02, Model 2 r2 = 0.01, Model 3 r2 = 0.35). Model 3 correctly classified land use in five of seven creeks. These results suggest this approach can be used to set priorities and identify pollution sources, but may be limited when applied across entire watersheds.
Temporal and Demographic Trends in Glomerular Disease Epidemiology in the Southeastern United States, 1986–2015
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Michelle M. , Hogan Susan L. , Poulton Caroline J. , Falk Ronald J. , Singh Harsharan K. , Nickeleit Volker , Jennette J. Charles 
Published: March 2017

Background and objectives
Large-scale, contemporary studies exploring glomerular disease epidemiology in the United States are lacking. We aimed to determine 30-year temporal and demographic trends in renal biopsy glomerular disease diagnosis frequencies in the southeastern United States.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In this cross-sectional, observational study, we identified all patients with a native kidney biopsy specimen showing one of 18 widely recognized glomerular disease diagnoses referred to the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Division of Nephropathology between 1986 and 2015. Biopsy era (1986–1995, 1996–2005, and 2006–2015) and demographics (age, sex, and race) were our primary and secondary predictors, respectively, and the relative frequency of each glomerular disease diagnosis was our primary outcome.

Results
Among 21,374 patients (mean age =48.3±18.3 years old; 50.8% men; 56.8% white; 38.3% black; 2.8% Latino; 1.4% Asian; 0.8% other), the frequency of diabetic glomerulosclerosis in renal biopsy specimens increased dramatically over the three decades (5.5%, 11.4%, and 19.1% of diagnoses, respectively; P for trend <0.001). The frequency of FSGS initially increased but then declined (22.6%, 27.2%, and 24.7%, respectively; P for trend =0.64). The frequencies of other common glomerular disease subtypes remained stable (IgA nephropathy and ANCA/pauci-immune GN) or declined (minimal change disease, membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative GN, and lupus nephritis). These temporal trends were largely preserved within all demographic subgroups, although cross-sectional frequency distributions differed according to age, sex, and race.

Conclusions
We identified significant changes in relative renal biopsy frequencies of many glomerular disease subtypes over three decades. Temporal trends were consistently observed within all major demographic groups, although relative predominance of individual glomerular disease subtypes differed according to patient age, sex, and race. We propose that exploration of behavioral and environmental exposures that likely underlie these findings should be the focus of future hypothesis-driven research.
Beyond Browsing and Reading: The Open Work of Digital Scholarly Editions
Authors: Saklofske Jon , Bruce Jake 
Published: March 2017

INKE’s Modelling and Prototyping group is currently motivated by the following research questions: How do we model and enable context within the electronic scholarly edition? And how do we engage knowledge-building communities and capture process, dialogue and connections in and around the electronic scholarly edition? NewRadial is a prototype scholarly edition environment developed to address such queries. It argues for the unification of primary texts, secondary scholarship and related knowledge communities, and re-presents the digital scholarly edition as a social edition, an open work and shared space where users collaboratively explore, sort, group, annotate and contribute to secondary scholarship creation.
ANALISA OPTIMALISASI KEBUTUHAN DAYA KOIL PENDINGIN SISTEM PENGKONDISIAN UDARA PADA RANGKAIAN RUANG KELAS LANTAI 4 GEDUNG D UNIVERSITAS MERCU BUANA JAKARTA
Authors: Zulfikar Fikry 
Published: March 2017

Sistem pengkondisian udara sangat banyak manfaatnya dalam kehidupan sehari-sehari terutama dalam kenyamanan bekerja dan belajar dalam ruangan. Besarnya daya yang dibutuhkan koil pendingin dalam sebuah sistem pengkondisian udara adalah salah satu faktor dalam mengukur tingkat prestasi sebuah mesin pengkondisian udara. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah analisis dalam mencari optimalisasi besarnya daya yang dibutuhkan koil pendingin untuk mengukur tingkat performansi sebuah mesin pendingin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dalam mencari kebutuhan daya koil pendingin yang optimal dalam sistem pengkondisian udara di Gedung D lantai 4 Universitas Mercubuana berdasarkan faktor-faktor penelitian tertentu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah menggunakan data-data primer dan sekunder yang diolah melalui analisis. Kemudian hasil analisis tersebut dibahas untuk ditarik sebuah kesimpulan dan terdapat saran pada bagian akhir. Pada hasil analisis berdasarkan faktor-faktor penelitian dipilihlah kondisi nomor 2 dari seluruh variasi kondisi sebagai kondisi dengan kebutuhan daya koil pendingin paling optimal karena kebutuhan energinya paling hemat yakni 124.747 W.