bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in anthropogenic carbon storage in the Northeast Pacific in the last decade
Authors: Chu Sophie N. , Wang Zhaohui Aleck , Doney Scott C. , Lawson Gareth L. , Hoering Katherine A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn order to understand the ocean's role as a sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), it is important to quantify changes in the amount of anthropogenic CO2 stored in the ocean interior over time. From August to September 2012, an ocean acidification cruise was conducted along a portion of the P17N transect (50°N 150°W to 33.5°N 135°W) in the Northeast Pacific. These measurements are compared with data from the previous occupation of this transect in 2001 to estimate the change in the anthropogenic CO2 inventory in the Northeast Pacific using an extended multiple linear regression (eMLR) approach. Maximum increases in the surface waters were 11 µmol kg−1 over 11 years near 50°N. Here, the penetration depth of anthropogenic CO2 only reached ∼300 m depth, whereas at 33.5°N, penetration depth reached ∼600 m. The average increase of the depth‐integrated anthropogenic carbon inventory was 0.41 ± 0.12 mol m−2 yr−1 across the transect. Lower values down to 0.20 mol m−2 yr−1 were observed in the northern part of the transect near 50°N and increased up to 0.55 mol m−2 yr−1 toward 33.5°N. This increase in anthropogenic carbon in the upper ocean resulted in an average pH decrease of 0.002 ± 0.0003 pH units yr−1 and a 1.8 ± 0.4 m yr−1 shoaling rate of the aragonite saturation horizon. An average increase in apparent oxygen utilization of 13.4 ± 15.5 µmol kg−1 centered on isopycnal surface 26.6 kg m−3 from 2001 to 2012 was also observed.
Sea spray aerosol in the Great Barrier Reef and the presence of nonvolatile organics
Authors: Mallet Marc , Cravigan Luke , Miljevic Branka , Vaattovaara Petri , Deschaseaux Elisabeth , Swan Hilton , Jones Graham , Ristovski Zoran 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSea spray aerosol (SSA) particles produced from the ocean surface in regions of biological activity can vary greatly in size, number and composition, and in their influence on cloud formation. Algal species such as phytoplankton can alter the SSA composition. Numerous studies have investigated nascent SSA properties, but all of these have focused on aerosol particles produced by seawater from noncoral related phytoplankton and in coastal regions. Bubble chamber experiments were performed with seawater samples taken from the reef flat around Heron Island in the Great Barrier Reef during winter 2011. Here we show that the SSA from these samples was composed of an internal mixture of varying fractions of sea salt, semivolatile organics, as well as nonvolatile (below 550°C) organics. A relatively constant volume fraction of semivolatile organics of 10%–13% was observed, while nonvolatile organic volume fractions varied from 29% to 49% for 60 nm SSA. SSA organic fractions were estimated to reduce the activation ratios of SSA to cloud condensation nuclei by up to 14% when compared with artificial sea salt. Additionally, a sea‐salt calibration was applied so that a compact time‐of‐flight aerosol mass spectrometer could be used to quantify the contribution of sea salt to submicron SSA, which yielded organic volume fractions of 3%–6%. Overall, these results indicate a high fraction of organics associated with wintertime Aitken mode SSA generated from Great Barrier Reef seawater. Further work is required to fully distinguish any differences coral reefs have on SSA composition when compared to open oceans.
The Role of Temporal and Spatial Information Cues in Locating Missing Persons
Authors: Moore Kara N. , Lampinen James M. , Provenzano Andrew C. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryProspective person memory refers to the search for a missing or wanted person. Performance on prospective person memory tasks has been found to be poor in field‐based experiments. Prior research suggests that the size of the search space may influence success on prospective person memory tasks. In the present research, we gave participants randomly assigned temporal and spatial cues about a mock missing person's whereabouts. Participants were offered a monetary reward for accurately reporting seeing the missing person. Participants who were told the missing person would appear in the building, where they were, had higher expectations of encountering the missing person and made more sightings than participants told the missing person would appear on the university campus. Expectations of encounter predicted participants' intent to look for the missing person, which predicted actual looking behavior, which ultimately predicted accurate sightings.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iminiumkatalyse in einer selbstorganisierten supramolekularen Kapsel: Modulation des Enantiomerenüberschusses
Authors: Bräuer Thomas M. , Zhang Qi , Tiefenbacher Konrad 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDie nichtkovalente Kombination eines supramolekularen Wirts mit Iminium‐Organokatalyse wird beschrieben. Aufgrund von Kation‐π‐Wechselwirkungen wird die reaktive Iminiumspezies im Wirt eingeschlossen und reagiert in dieser begrenzten Umgebung. Die gebildeten Produkte unterscheiden sich um bis zu 92 % ee von den Kontrollversuchen ohne zugegebenen Wirt. Ein Modell, das die beobachteten Unterschiede erklärt, wird vorgestellt.
N‐Substituted Dicyanomethylphenyl Radicals: Dynamic Covalent Properties and Formation of Stimuli‐Responsive Cyclophanes by Self‐Assembly
Authors: Kobashi Toshiyuki , Sakamaki Daisuke , Seki Shu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDynamic covalent bonds and their chemistry have been of particular interest both from a fundamental and materials science aspect. Demonstrated herein is that triphenylamine (TPA) and carbazole (Cz), substituted with a dicyanomethyl radical, are useful motifs for dynamic covalent chemistry as they have the appropriate bond strength between monomer units as well as high stability and synthetic simplicity. TPA and Cz units substituted by two dicyanomethyl radicals formed macrocyclic oligomers classified as novel types of azacyclophanes, and in particular, the TPA‐based diradical gave a cyclic dimer in almost quantitative yield. The cyclic oligomers exhibited thermo‐ and mechanochromic behavior resulting from the generation of radical species by intermonomer C−C bond cleavage.
Iminium Catalysis inside a Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Capsule: Modulation of Enantiomeric Excess
Authors: Bräuer Thomas M. , Zhang Qi , Tiefenbacher Konrad 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe noncovalent combination of a supramolecular host with iminium organocatalysis is described. Due to cation–π interactions the reactive iminium species is held inside the host and reacts in this confined environment. The products formed differ up to 92 % ee from the control experiments without added host. A model rationalizing the observed difference is presented.
Cyclic Guanidine Compounds from Toxic Newts Support the Hypothesis that Tetrodotoxin is Derived from a Monoterpene
Authors: Kudo Yuta , Yasumoto Takeshi , Mebs Dietrich , Cho Yuko , Konoki Keiichi , Yotsu‐Yamashita Mari 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe biosynthesis of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a potent neurotoxin consisting of a 2,4‐dioxaadamantane skeleton and a guanidine moiety, is an unsolved problem in natural product chemistry. Recently, the first C5–C10 directly bonded TTX analogue, 4,9‐anhydro‐10‐hemiketal‐5‐deoxyTTX, was obtained from toxic newts and its carbon skeleton suggested a possible monoterpene origin. On the basis of this hypothesis, screening of predicted biosynthetic intermediates of TTX was performed using two MS‐guided methods. Herein, five novel cyclic guanidine compounds from toxic newts are reported which commonly contain a cis‐fused bicyclic structure including a six‐membered cyclic guanidine. These structures could be biosynthetically derived from geranyl guanidine through oxidation, cyclization, and/or isomerization steps. LC–MS analysis confirmed the widespread distribution of the five novel compounds in toxic newt species. These results support the hypothesis that TTX is derived from a monoterpene.
Fabrication and characterization of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene membranes with high antifouling properties
Authors: Jahanbakhshi Nader , Mousavi Seyyed Abbas , Farhadi Fathollah 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene microporous flat‐sheet membranes were prepared via a thermally induced phase separation method with a mixture of dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate as a diluent. The effects of the polymer composition and coagulation bath temperature on the morphology and performance of the fabricated membranes were investigated. The hydrophilicity results of the membranes demonstrated that membrane modification reduced the water contact angle by about 45°, whereas the pure water flux was enhanced about four times. The antifouling behavior of the fabricated membranes was also investigated in a membrane bioreactor. The results show that the pure water flux, membrane pore size, and porosity decreased, whereas the antifouling performance was improved with increasing polymer concentration and decreasing bath temperature. Finally, the results reveal that the removal efficiency of contaminates was independent on the membrane characterization and was done exclusively through biological removal. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43857.
Augmented Lagrangian Pattern Search Based Multi‐Agent Model Predictive Control of Rhine‐Meuse Delta
Authors: Sharafi Narjes , Safavi Ali Akbar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn Large Scale Systems the concept of centrality fails due to the lack of centralized computing capability. The control of such systems has to be performed using multiple control agents. In this case, the matter of interactions among neighboring subsystems needs to be considered. In this paper, a water control system in the Netherlands is studied as a real large scale system. A multi‐agent scheme is applied to control the flow through the system which is decomposed into two interconnected subsystems. Each agent employs a model‐based predictive control (MPC) technique. The model of this large scale system is nonlinear and nonconvex. Therefore, an augmented Lagrangian pattern search optimization algorithm is used to implement multi‐agent MPC for this system. This proposed algorithm is applied by each control agent to solve its own interconnected optimization problem, at each subsystem of whole the water system. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Thrombocytopenia‐associated multiorgan failure occurring in an infant at the onset of type 1 diabetes successfully treated with fresh frozen plasma
Authors: Kumar Revati , McSharry Brent , Bradbeer Peter , Wiltshire Esko , Jefferies Craig 
Published: June 2016

Key Clinical MessageTAMOF is a devastating microangiopathy that can occur in association with the new onset of T1DM, and should be considered with the onset of thrombocytopenia, renal failure, and raised LDH. Treatment with fresh frozen plasma should be considered as a first‐line option in such cases prior to plasma exchange.
Spontaneous bilateral patellar tendon rupture: case report and review of fluoroquinolone‐induced tendinopathy
Authors: Rosa Bárbara , Campos Pedro , Barros André , Karmali Samir , Gonçalves Ricardo 
Published: June 2016

Key Clinical MessageThe present case emphasizes the importance of adhering to strict indications when prescribing fluoroquinolones. Although rare, drug‐induced tendinopathy is not confined to fluoroquinolones. The patient's and physician's awareness should be increased to reduce fluoroquinolones‐associated morbidity, particularly in patients with previously described risk factors.
Model‐Based Optimization of a Photocatalytic Reactor with Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Khodadadian Fatemeh , Poursaeidesfahani Ali , Li Zonghan , van Ommen J. Ruud , Stankiewicz Andrzej I. , Lakerveld Richard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe complicated interplay between mass and photon transfer within a photocatalytic reactor calls for an integrated design approach. A model‐based optimization approach for LED‐based photocatalytic reactors is presented. First, a model that describes the distribution of reactants and photons within a photocatalytic reactor is developed. Then, several design variables related to the reactor dimensions and light sources are optimized simultaneously using the photocatalytic degradation of toluene as a model system. The results demonstrate how different formulations of the problem can be used to either minimize the reactor cost or to obtain a specified concentration profile within the reactor.
Mixed Boron(III) and Phosphorous(V) Complexes of meso‐Triaryl 25‐Oxasmaragdyrins
Authors: Ganapathi Emandi , Kalita Hemanta , Theophall Gregory G. , Lakshmi K. V. , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTwo unprecedented mixed BIII/PV complexes of meso‐triaryl 25‐oxasmaragdyrins were synthesized in appreciable yields under mild reaction conditions. These unusual 25‐oxasmaragdyrin complexes containing one or two seven‐membered heterocyclic rings comprised of five different atoms (B, C, N, O, and P) were prepared by reacting B(OH)(Ph)‐smaragdyrin and B(OH)2‐smaragdyrin complexes, respectively, with POCl3 in toluene at reflux temperature. The products were characterized by HRMS and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. X‐ray crystallography of one of the mixed BIII/PV smaragdyrin complexes indicated that the macrocycle is significantly distorted and contains a stable seven‐membered heterocyclic ring within the macrocycle. The bands in the absorption and emission spectra were bathochromically shifted with reduced quantum yields and singlet‐state lifetimes relative to the free base, meso‐triaryl 25‐oxasmaragdyrin. The mixed BIII/PV complexes were difficult to oxidize but easier to reduce than the free base. The DFT‐optimized structure of the 25‐oxasmaragdyrin complex with two seven‐membered heterocycles indicated that it was a bicyclic spiro compound with two half‐chair‐like conformers. This was in contrast to the chair‐like conformation of the complex with a single seven‐membered heterocyclic ring. Moreover, incorporation of a second phosphate group in the former case stabilized the bonding geometry and resulted in higher stability, which was reflected in the bathochromic shift of the absorption spectra, more‐positive oxidation potential, and less‐negative reduction potential.
Exploring the Effect of Ligand Structural Isomerism in Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Chiral Luminescent EuIII Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Galanti Agostino , Kotova Oxana , Blasco Salvador , Johnson Chloe J. , Peacock Robert D. , Mills Shaun , Boland John J. , Albrecht Martin , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHere we have investigated the influence of the antenna group position on both the formation of chiral amphiphilic EuIII‐based self‐assemblies in CH3CN solution and, on the ability to form monolayers on the surface of quartz substrates using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique, by changing from the 1‐naphthyl (2(R), 2(S)) to the 2‐naphthyl (1(R), 1(S)) position. The evaluation of binding constants of the self‐ assemblies in CH3CN solution was achieved using conventional techniques such as UV/Visible and luminescence spectroscopies along with more specific circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The binding constants obtained for EuL, EuL2 and EuL3 species in the case of 2‐naphthyl derivatives were comparable to those obtained for 1‐naphthyl derivatives. The analysis of the changes in the CD spectra of 1(R) and 1(S) upon addition of EuIII not only allowed us to evaluate the values of the binding constants but the resulting recalculated spectra may also be used as fingerprints for assignment of the chiral self‐assembly species formed in solution. The obtained monolayers were predominantly formed from EuL3 (≈85 %) with the minor species present in ≈15 % EuL2.
A New Ir‐NHC Catalyst for Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in D2O
Authors: Spannring Peter , Reile Indrek , Emondts Meike , Schleker Philipp P. M. , Hermkens Niels K. J. , van der Zwaluw Nick G. J. , van Weerdenburg Bram J. A. , Tinnemans Paul , Tessari Marco , Blümich Bernhard , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Feiters Martin C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNMR signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) has been observed for pyridine, methyl nicotinate, N‐methylnicotinamide, and nicotinamide in D2O with the new catalyst [Ir(Cl)(IDEG)(COD)] (IDEG=1,3‐bis(3,4,5‐tris(diethyleneglycol)benzyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene). During the activation and hyperpolarization steps, exclusively D2O was used, resulting in the first fully biocompatible SABRE system. Hyperpolarized 1H substrate signals were observed at 42.5 MHz upon pressurizing the solution with parahydrogen at close to the Earth's magnetic field, at concentrations yielding barely detectable thermal signals. Moreover, 42‐, 26‐, 22‐, and 9‐fold enhancements were observed for nicotinamide, pyridine, methyl nicotinate, and N‐methylnicotinamide, respectively, in conventional 300 MHz studies. This research opens up new opportunities in a field in which SABRE has hitherto primarily been conducted in CD3OD. This system uses simple hardware, leaves the substrate unaltered, and shows that SABRE is potentially suitable for clinical purposes.
Biodegradable Oxamide‐Phenylene‐Based Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles with Unprecedented Drug Payloads for Delivery in Cells
Authors: Croissant Jonas G. , Fatieiev Yevhen , Julfakyan Khachatur , Lu Jie , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Anjum Dalaver H. , Omar Haneen , Tamanoi Fuyuhiko , Zink Jeffrey I. , Khashab Niveen M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe describe biodegradable mesoporous hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of proteins and their applications for drug delivery. We synthesized oxamide phenylene‐based mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MON) in the absence of a silica source which had remarkably high organic content and high surface areas. Oxamide functions provided biodegradability in the presence of trypsin model proteins. MON displayed exceptionally high payloads of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs (up to 84 wt %), and a unique zero premature leakage without the pore capping, unlike mesoporous silica. MON were biocompatible and internalized into cancer cells for drug delivery.
Antifungal Imidazole‐Decorated Cationic Amphiphiles with Markedly Low Hemolytic Activity
Authors: Benhamou Raphael I. , Steinbuch Kfir B. , Fridman Micha 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHerein we report that an imidazole‐decorated cationic amphiphile derived from the pseudo‐disaccharide nebramine has potent antifungal activity against strains of Candida glabrata pathogens. In combination with the natural bis‐benzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine the reported antifungal cationic amphiphile demonstrated synergistic antifungal activity against Candida albicans pathogens. This unique membrane disruptor caused no detectible mammalian red blood cell hemolysis at concentrations up to more than two orders of magnitude greater than its minimal inhibitory concentrations against the tested C. glabrata strains. We provide evidence that potency against C. glabrata may be associated with differences between the drug efflux pumps of C. albicans and C. glabrata. Imidazole decorated‐cationic amphiphiles show promise for the development of less toxic membrane‐disrupting antifungal drugs and drug combinations.
Rh‐Catalyzed Direct Amination of Unactivated C(sp3)−H bond with Anthranils Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Tang Conghui , Zou Miancheng , Liu Jianzhong , Wen Xiaojin , Sun Xiang , Zhang Yiqun , Jiao Ning 
Published: June 2016

AbstractC−N Bond formation is of great significance due to the ubiquity of nitrogen‐containing compounds. Here, a mild and efficient RhIII‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H aryl amination reaction is reported. Anthranil is employed as the nitrogen source with 100 % atom efficiency. This C−H amination reaction exhibits broad substrate scope without using any external oxidants. Mechanistic studies including rhodacycle intermediates, H–D exchange, kinetic isotope effect (KIE) experiments, and in situ IR are presented.
Organophotocatalytic Generation of N‐ and O‐Centred Radicals Enables Aerobic Oxyamination and Dioxygenation of Alkenes
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Qiang , Chen Jun , Chen Jia‐Rong , Yan Dong‐Mei , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA cooperative TEMPO and photoredox catalytic strategy was applied for the first time to the direct conversion of N−H and O−H bonds into N‐ and O‐centred radicals, enabling a general and selective oxidative radical oxyamination and dioxygenation of various β,γ‐unsaturated hydrazones and oximes. In the reaction, O2 was employed not only as a terminal oxidant but also as the oxygen source. This protocol provided efficient access to the synthesis of various synthetically and biologically important pyrazoline, pyridazine and isoxazoline derivatives under metal‐free and mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed that the cooperative organophotocatalytic system functions through two single‐electron‐transfer (SET) processes.
Using surface geopolymerization reactions to strengthen Athabasca oil sands mature fine tailings
Authors: Nusri Saeed , Tan Xiaoli , Choi Phillip , Liu Qi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper describes a novel method to address the oil sands tailings reclamation problem using surface geopolymerization reactions. Geopolymerization involves dissolution of aluminosilicate minerals and re‐solidification reactions that result in the formation of three‐dimensional inorganic polymers of significant strengths. Since the fines present in oil sands mature fine tailings (MFT) mainly consist of aluminosilicate minerals, or clay minerals, it is hypothesized that by adding appropriate reagents, the surface of the clay minerals can be activated and go through geopolymerization reaction under ambient conditions. The resulting geopolymeric species formed on the clay minerals will bind the clay particles together and strengthen the tailings even without further dewatering.Geopolymerization was tested on 0.51 g/g (51 wt%) solids centrifuged MFT and its shear strength was observed to increase from 115 to 4880 Pa in 90 days when treated with 40 kg of sodium hydroxide and 60 kg sodium silicate per tonne of dry MFT solids. Similarly, the shear strength of 0.48 g/g (48 wt%) solids polymer flocculated MFT increased from 395 to 3950 Pa 90 days after the addition of the same dosages of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Tests conducted on a geopolymerized model kaolinite sample showed that under the test conditions, the geopolymerization reaction only occurs on the surface of the kaolinite at the indicated dosages. The surface geopolymers held the kaolinite particles together, leading to an increase in its shear strength.
How do you write and present research well? 13—Set axis titles to within 1 pt of article text
Authors: Boffito Daria C. , Patience Paul A. , Patience Gregory S. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Ideally, character heights in graphs vary between 2.5 % and 5 % of the y‐axis. In presentations and graphical abstracts, 5 % of the y‐axis is better.[1] Select an ideal Arial font size for a graph that spans one column width of The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering.

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Family history matters
Authors: Wood Marie E. 
Published: June 2016

Targeting individuals at increased risk for colon cancer will ensure that those most at risk for the disease will benefit; a family history is an easily identifiable risk factor for colon cancer. The review by Lowery et al. in this issue of Cancer highlights both the importance of taking a family history for identifying those at risk for colorectal cancer and the barriers to effectively using family history information to manage individuals at risk.See also pages 2633‐45.