bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the EarthSHAB Stratospheric Solar Hot Air Balloon Flight Prediction Model Using Balloon Trajectory Data
Authors: Lien Jessica M. , Wheeler Lauren B. , Bowman Daniel C. , Schuler Tristan K. , Hough Emalee E. , Yap Zachary H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The heliotrope is a solar balloon design which is constructed out of painter’s plastic, and the exterior is coated in charcoal powder. Darkening the plastic gives the balloon a high solar absorptance, which allows it to ascend into the lower stratosphere and float for hours at a time. The balloons have previously been used to lift scientific instruments into the stratosphere to study chemical explosions, earthquakes, and stratospheric aerosols. They have also been proposed as a platform for planetary exploration. Flight predictions are crucial to preflight planning to reduce safety risks and meet flight objectives. However, there exists a wide range of possible flight paths due to varying environmental conditions and solar balloon configurations. EarthSHAB is one such software that was designed to support flight planning using the weather forecasts and balloon properties to predict the flight path of a solar balloon. We compare EarthSHAB-simulated flight paths to a set of observed flight paths for the 3.5-m diameter heliotrope design called the “Cloudskimmer.” Using the criteria that the modeled paths must fall within 5% of the observations to be considered successful, we found that EarthSHAB successfully predicted the Cloudskimmer ascent rate and average float altitude 10% and 90% of the time, respectively. We also found that the average difference in the observed and predicted landing locations was 97 km and landing times were 54 ± 38 min. Significant deviations between the observed and predicted ascent rates and excursions at float were found to be associated with heavy payloads and convective cloud development, respectively.

Significance Statement
Solar balloons are used to lift scientific instruments into the lower stratosphere for hours at a time to study chemical explosions, earthquakes, stratospheric aerosols, and more. The flight paths of solar balloons can be difficult to predict due to variability in their design and surrounding environment. We evaluate the accuracy of EarthSHAB, a software that predicts the altitude profile and horizontal trajectory of a solar balloon using inputs such as the weather, balloon size, and balloon mass. Our results suggest that for the balloon design used in this study, EarthSHAB is best suited for modeling the behavior of balloons with lightweight payloads that do not fly within or directly above clouds.
Evaluation of critical process parameter on the production of sustainable bead foams based on polylactic acid
Authors: Brütting Christian , Klotz Sarah , Ruckdäschel Holger 
Published: October 2024

A commercial grade of polylactic acid (PLA) was foamed without using modifiers to obtain expanded polylactic acid bead foams (EPLA). Typically, the foaming process is influenced by both melt properties and crystallization behavior. While factors like water temperature, die structure, and die temperature are known to have effects on bead foam processing, these aspects have not been thoroughly explored in the context of PLA bead foam production. To address this gap, a comprehensive investigation was undertaken, varying water temperature, die structure, and die temperature to discern their impact on PLA processing behavior. Results revealed that water temperature significantly influenced foaming behavior, particularly at elevated temperatures near the glass transition of PLA. Additionally, the study demonstrated that die size wielded a notable influence on all foam properties, dictating process limits. With the selection of an appropriate die size, the die temperature could be manipulated within the range of 190°C to 160°C, revealing a substantial impact on the overall process. Remarkably, the lowest densities achieved were 63 kg/m3 with an average cell size of 36 µm and a cell density of 1.1*107 cells per cm3.
Effects of positive mGlu5 modulation on D2 signaling and nicotine-conditioned place preference: Mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance in a transgenerational model of drug abuse vulnerability in psychosis
Authors: Peeters Loren D , Wills Liza J , Cuozzo Anthony M , Ahmed Cristal D , Massey Samuel R , Chen Wanqiu , Chen Zhong , Wang Charles , Gass Justin T , Brown Russell W 
Published: October 2024

Background: The metabotropic glutamate type 5 (mGlu5) receptor has emerged as a potential target for the treatment of psychosis that is suggested to have greater efficacy than antipsychotic medications that are currently utilized. Aims: This study sought to elucidate mechanisms of therapeutic action associated with the modulation of the mGlu5 receptor in a disordered system marked by dopamine dysfunction. We further explored epigenetic mechanisms contributing to heritable transmission of a psychosis-like phenotype in a novel heritable model of drug abuse vulnerability in psychosis. Methods: F1 generation male and female Sprague-Dawley rats that were the offspring of two neonatal quinpirole-treated (QQ) or two saline-treated (SS) animals were tested on nicotine-conditioned place preference (CPP). Regulators of G protein signaling 9 (RGS9) and β-arrestin 2 (βA2), which mediate dopamine (DA) D2 signaling, were measured in the nucleus accumbens shell, prelimbic and infralimbic cortices. Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) was used to analyze the cytosine methylation in these brain regions. Results: Pretreatment with the mGlu5-positive allosteric modulator 3-Cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (CDPPB) 20 min prior to conditioning trials blocked enhanced nicotine CPP and mitigated aberrant G protein-dependent and -independent signaling in QQ animals. RRBS analysis revealed region-specific changes in several pathways, including nicotine addiction, dopamine synapses, and neural connectivity. Conclusions: These results reveal an important region-specific mechanism of action for CDPPB in a system marked by enhanced DAD2 receptor signaling. Results additionally reveal DNA methylation as an epigenetic mechanism of heritability, further validating the current model as a useful tool for the study of psychosis and comorbid nicotine use.
Relationships between depression level and serum inflammatory factors and thyroxine levels in patients with malignant bone tumors associated with depression
Authors: Ao Man , Yang Xin , Wang Shuping , Li Min , Zhang Wenru , Ou Qihui , Xu Kun , Sun Dongxue 
Published: October 2024

Objective To elucidate the relationships between depression level and serum inflammatory factors and thyroxine levels in patients with malignant bone tumors associated with depression. Methods The depression ( n = 28) and non-depression groups ( n = 35) were established. Another 35 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The severity of depression was assessed, and the depression group received the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant sertraline for 4 weeks. Serum levels of inflammatory factors and thyroxine, and the correlation between inflammatory factors, thyroxine, and HAMD-17 score were analyzed. Results The IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-21 levels were lower and TGF-β1, IL-10, and IL-27 were higher in the depression group after treatment than before treatment. After treatment, T3 levels were higher and T4 levels were lower in the depression group. T4 levels were higher in patients with major depression than those with mild depression. IL-1β and IL-21 levels were elevated in moderately depressed patients [(11.13 ± 1.49) ng/L、(9.71 ± 1.26) ng/L], and IL-1β levels were elevated in severely depressed patients [(11.26 ± 1.95) ng/L], compared to mildly depressed patients [(9.36 ± 1.25) ng/L, (7.95 ± 1.31) ng/L] (all p < 0.05). Serum IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-21 were positively correlated with the total HAMD-17 score, and TGF-β1 and IL-10 were negatively correlated with the total HAMD-17 score. Conclusion Depression degree in patients with malignant bone tumors correlates with serum inflammatory factors and thyroxine levels. Measurement of serum inflammatory factors and thyroxine levels can assess the progression and prognosis of depressed patients.
Elevation and distraction of the Tibial periosteum in the management of chronic ischemic lower limb diseases
Authors: Gan Meng , Xia Xiqin , You Yi , Xu Wei , Peng Xinyu , Xu Jinjun , Wu Wengao , Tang Yinkui , Chen Qiong , Wu Yun , Zeng Naxin 
Published: October 2024

Objective This study investigates the effectiveness of tibia periosteum distraction (TPD) applied to the tibial periosteum, an innovative approach grounded in Ilizarov’s tension-stress theory, for the treatment of ischemic diabetic foot and vasculitic foot conditions. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 33 patients (36 limbs) who underwent TPD between June 2019 and May 2022. The study comprised 21 males (23 limbs) and 12 females (13 limbs), aged 41 to 80 years (mean age: 63.4 years). Diabetic foot accounted for 27 cases, thromboangiitis obliterans for 2 cases, and arterial occlusive disease for 4 cases. The distribution of affected limbs included 15 left feet and 21 right feet. Periosteum traction commenced on the third postoperative day at a rate of approximately 0.75 mm/day, adjusted biweekly. The traction device was removed after two weeks. Evaluation included capillary refill and wound healing assessment, along with pre- and postoperative analysis of foot skin temperature, ankle-brachial index (ABI), visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, and peripheral blood oxygen saturation. CT angiography (CTA) was utilized to assess vascular conditions in both lower limbs. Results All 33 patients were successfully followed up for a duration ranging from 4 to 24 weeks (mean: 11.03 weeks). VAS pain scores significantly decreased from preoperative (5.09 ± 1.70, range: 2-8) to postoperative two weeks (2.24 ± 0.90, range: 1-4) (t = 9.44, p < .001). Oxygen saturation levels increased from 83.88% ± 11.82% (range: 58%-97%) preoperatively to 91.36% ± 5.69% (range: 76%-98%) at two weeks postoperatively (t = −4.21, p < .001). Foot skin temperature also showed a significant increase (t = −3.98, p < .001). Capillary refill test at two weeks postoperatively demonstrated notable improvement. CTA revealed evident neovascularization in the operated limbs compared to preoperative conditions. Wound improvement was significant in all 33 patients within two months postoperatively. Conclusion TPD emerges as a promising technique for chronic ischemic lower limb diseases, demonstrating favorable preliminary outcomes in wound healing promotion and amputation rate reduction. Nevertheless, large-scale randomized controlled trials are essential to further validate its efficacy.
The relationship between post-anastomosis brachial artery flow rate and brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula access maturity in end-stage kidney disease patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pratama Dedy , Wasisto Octavianus , Kekalih Aria , Suhartono Raden , Muradi Akhmadu , Ferian Muhammad F , Akbar Avicenna 
Published: October 2024

Background: From previous studies, evaluation of post-anastomosis draining-vein volume flow rate with Doppler ultrasound can be a predictor for arteriovenous fistula maturation. Due to the high variation in measurements by the effect of probe pressure in draining vein, measuring volume flow rate based on post-anastomosis feeding-artery may be an early alternative predictor of arteriovenous fistula maturation. This study aims to investigate the correlation of post-creation brachial artery volume flow rate on maturity of brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula access in patients with end-stage kidney disease with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on end-stage kidney disease patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula creation at three hospitals from July 2019 to March 2020. Doppler ultrasound examination of the brachial artery and draining vein volume flow rate was conducted at pre-operative, post-creation, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks post-creation. Maturity was evaluated at 6 weeks post-anastomosis. Results: A total of 71 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 44 (62%) achieving maturation within 6 weeks. There was a correlation between post-anastomosis brachial artery (p < 0.001) and draining vein volume flow rate (p < 0.001) with arteriovenous fistula maturity after 6 weeks post-operatively. Brachial artery volume flow rate of ⩾350 mL/min can predict AVF maturity with a sensitivity of 95.45% (95% confidence interval = 84.86–98.74) and a specificity of 85.19% (95% confidence interval = 67.52–94.08). Conclusion: Post-anastomosis brachial artery flow volume can be a valuable parameter to predict brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula maturity. It is a potential alternative to draining vein volume flow, which is technically a difficult examination.
Twelve-Month Real-World Use of an Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System Versus Previous Therapy in a Dutch Center For Specialized Type 1 Diabetes Care
Authors: Dekker Pim , van den Heuvel Tim , Arrieta Arcelia , Castañeda Javier , Mul Dick , Veeze Henk , Cohen Ohad , Aanstoot Henk-Jan 
Published: October 2024

Background: Complexity of glucose regulation in persons with type 1 diabetes (PWDs) necessitates increased automation of insulin delivery (AID). This study aimed to analyze real-world data over 12 months from PWDs who started using the MiniMed 780G (MM780G) advanced hybrid closed-loop (aHCL) AID system at the Diabeter clinic, focusing on glucometrics and clinical outcomes. Methods: Persons with type 1 diabetes switching to the MM780G system were included. Clinical data (e.g. HbA1c, previous modality) was collected from Diabeter’s electronic health records and glucometrics (time in range [TIR], time in tight range [TITR], time above range [TAR], time below range [TBR], glucose management indicator [GMI]) from CareLink Personal for a 12-month post-initiation period of the MM780G system. Outcomes were age-stratified, and the MM780G system was compared with previous use of older systems (MM640G and MM670G). Longitudinal changes in glucometrics were also evaluated. Results: A total of 481 PWDs were included, with 219 having prior pump/sensor system data and 334 having monthly longitudinal data. After MM780G initiation, HbA1c decreased from 7.6 to 7.1% ( P < .0001) and the percentage of PWDs with HbA1c <7% increased from 30% to 50%. Glucose management indicator and TIR remained stable with mean GMI of 6.9% and TIR >70% over 12 months. Age-stratified analysis showed consistent improvements of glycemic control across all age groups, with older participants achieving better outcomes. Participants using recommended system settings achieved better glycemic outcomes, reaching TIR up to 77% and TTIR up to 55%. Conclusions: Use of MM780G system results in significant and sustained glycemic improvements, consistent across age groups and irrespective of previous treatment modalities.
Real-world efficacy of chidamide plus R-CHOP in newly diagnosed double-expressor diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Chen Xi , Xie Li , Zhu JunMin , Liang Lijie , Zou Bingwen , Zou Liqun 
Published: October 2024

Background: Approximately 20%–30% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases are classified as double-expressor lymphoma (DEL), characterized by the co-expression of the MYC and BCL2 proteins. However, the most effective therapeutic strategy for DEL remains unidentified. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, chidamide, in combination with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CR-CHOP) in the treatment of DEL. Design: This was a retrospective study. Methods: This study included 62 DEL patients from December 2016 to December 2020. All patients were administered a first-line treatment with CR-CHOP. The short-term efficacy, survival status, and adverse reactions in this population were observed, and the prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: The median age was 53.9 years (range, 19–77). All patients received a median of six cycles (range, 1–8) of treatment, with 79.0% achieving complete response (CR) and an overall response rate of 88.7%. With a median follow-up of 45.5 months (range, 1–82), the median progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS) had not yet been reached. However, the 3-year PFS rate was 71% (95% CI: 61–83), the 3-year OS rate was 87% (95% CI: 79–96), the 5-year PFS rate was 67% (95% CI: 55–80), and the 5-year OS rate was 85% (95% CI: 77–95). Age and autologous stem cell transplantation after CR or partial response were independent prognostic factors for PFS, while various clinical factors were not associated with OS outcomes. The most common grades 3–4 hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity were leukopenia (46.7%) and infection (21%), respectively. Conclusion: This long-term follow-up study indicates that CR-CHOP in untreated DLBCL with the DEL phenotype demonstrates high short-term efficacy and safety as well as promising survival outcomes.
Preliminary Findings From a Pilot Professional Coaching Program on the Components of Burnout in a Diverse Group of Physician Leaders
Authors: Calderón Vanessa , Mogul Wyman Ashley , Miller Gregg 
Published: October 2024

Background Burnout impacts physicians at alarming rates; physician leaders are not immune. While burnout of physician leaders is associated with decreased leadership efficacy, physician coaching has been associated with reduced burnout. Objective This study aimed to assess the effect of a physician-leader specific coaching program on the components of burnout. Methods A 10-week Wellness Coaching Program for physician medical directors was conducted and burnout was measured pre and post intervention using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). Results All subscales of the MBI-GS trended towards a decrease in the components of burnout with a statistically significant decrease in Cynicism. Conclusion Wellness coaching programs have the potential to positively impact the threat of burnout experienced by physician leaders in today’s health care workforce.
ECG-based risk factors for adverse cardiopulmonary events and treatment outcomes in COPD
Authors: Wade R. Chad , Martinez Fernando J. , Criner Gerard J. , Tombs Lee , Lipson David A. , Halpin David M.G. , Han MeiLan K. , Singh Dave , Wise Robert A. , Kalhan Ravi , Dransfield Mark T. 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundCOPD has high mortality, compounded by comorbid cardiovascular disease. We investigated two ECG markers, Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) and P pulmonale, as prognostic tools for adverse cardiopulmonary events in COPD.MethodsThis was apost hocanalysis of the IMPACT trial. Outcomes included odds (odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals) of adverse cardiopulmonary events stratified by CIIS threshold (<20versus≥20) and P pulmonale (baseline). Events included all-cause death, hospitalisation or death, cardiovascular adverse event of special interest, severe COPD exacerbations, and moderate/severe COPD exacerbations. We also assessed the effects of fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterolversusfluticasone furoate/vilanterol or umeclidinium/vilanterol based on CIIS and P pulmonale.ResultsWe included 9448 patients. Patients with CIIS ≥20 (versusCIIS <20) had greater odds of all-cause death (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.27–2.37, p<0.001), hospitalisation or death (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.17–1.50, p<0.001), cardiovascular adverse event of special interest (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08–1.48, p<0.005), severe COPD exacerbations (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.21–1.64, p<0.001) and moderate/severe COPD exacerbations (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13–1.40, p<0.001). Patients with P pulmonale (versuswithout) had greater odds of all-cause death (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.54–3.29, p<0.001), hospitalisation or death (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.28–1.79, p<0.001), severe COPD exacerbations (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.65–2.41, p<0.001) and moderate/severe COPD exacerbations (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08–1.46, p<0.001). A combined model demonstrated that patients with CIIS ≥20 and P pulmonale had increased risk of all-cause death (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.23–9.30, p=0.019), hospitalisation or death (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.14–2.22, p=0.004) and rate of severe COPD exacerbations (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.22–2.91, p=0.004) and moderate/severe COPD exacerbations (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.00–1.56, p=0.046). The risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular adverse events of special interest was reduced with fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterolversusumeclidinium/vilanterol in patients with CIIS ≥20, but not CIIS <20.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the potential clinical relevance of CIIS and P pulmonale as risk indicators for adverse cardiopulmonary events in COPD.
MECOM and the PRDM gene family in uterine endometrial cancer: bioinformatics and experimental insights into pathogenesis and therapeutic potentials
Authors: Lou Meng , Zou Lian , Zhang Liying , Lu Yongquan , Chen Jia , Zong Beige 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo elucidate the expression profiles, methylation states, and clinicopathological significance of the PRDM gene family, focusing on the MECOM gene's role in uterine endometrial cancer (UCEC) and its molecular interactions with the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Our methodology combined detailed bioinformatics analyses using UALCAN and GEPIA with in vitro assessments in HEC-1-A cells. Techniques included CRISPR-Cas9 for gene editing and various cellular assays (CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell) to evaluate the effects of MECOM on cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, alongside Western blot analysis for protein regulation in the TGF-beta pathway. MECOM was upregulated in UCEC tissues, influencing tumor cell behavior significantly. Knockout studies demonstrated reduced proliferation and migration and increased apoptosis, while overexpression showed reverse effects. Mechanistically, MECOM modulated critical proteins within the TGF-beta pathway, impacting cell cycle dynamics and apoptotic processes. The PRDM gene family, particularly MECOM, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of UCEC, suggesting its utility as a target for novel therapeutic interventions. Our findings offer valuable insights for future research and potential clinical application in managing uterine endometrial cancer.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway: proteins' roles in osteoporosis and cancer diseases and the regulatory effects of natural compounds on osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Xiaohao , Qu Zechao , Zhao Songchuan , luo Lei , Yan Liang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOsteoblasts are mainly derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow. These stem cells can differentiate into osteoblasts, which have the functions of secreting bone matrix, promoting bone formation, and participating in bone remodeling. The abnormality of osteoblasts can cause a variety of bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis, delayed fracture healing, and skeletal deformities. In recent years, with the side effects caused by the application of PTH drugs, biphosphonate drugs, and calmodulin drugs, people have carried out more in-depth research on the mechanism of osteoblast differentiation, and are actively looking for natural compounds for the treatment of osteoporosis. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is considered to be one of the important pathways of osteoblast differentiation, and has become an important target for the treatment of osteoporosis. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, whether its activation is enhanced or its expression is weakened, will cause a variety of diseases including tumors. This review will summarize the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on osteoblast differentiation and the correlation between the related proteins in the pathway and human diseases. At the same time, the latest research progress of natural compounds targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway against osteoporosis is summarized.