bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of age‐related hearing loss, including sex differences, in older adults in a large cohort study
Authors: Homans Nienke C. , Metselaar R. Mick , Dingemanse J. Gertjan , van der Schroeff Marc P. , Brocaar Michael P. , Wieringa Marjan H. , Baatenburg de Jong Rob J. , Hofman Albert , Goedegebure André 
Published: July 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo obtain actual status of age‐related hearing loss in a general unscreened population of older Dutch adults and to investigate whether the prevalence or degree has changed over time.Study DesignTo investigate the prevalence and degree of hearing loss, we conducted a large prospective cohort study of older adults between February 2011 and July 2015.MethodsPure‐tone air‐ and bone‐conduction thresholds were measured for 4,743 participants. Results were compared to previous cohort studies.ResultsAs expected, hearing loss increased with age. We found a correlation of R2 = 0.317 for men and R2 = 0.354 for women (right ears). A prevalence of hearing loss greater than 35 dB hearing level the average of 0.5/1/2/4 kHz in the better ear, was found in 33% of the male and almost 29% of the female participants aged 65 years and older. Compared with previous studies, men had less hearing loss at the frequencies of 2 kHz and above. Hearing thresholds in women were significantly higher at 4 and 8 kHz. The difference in hearing loss between men and women is significantly less than in earlier studies.ConclusionsOur study confirms that hearing loss is highly prevalent in the general unscreened population of older adults. However, the difference in hearing between sexes was considerably less than previously reported. This is probably due to changing lifestyle and environmental circumstances,Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 127:725–730, 2017
Investigation of the mechanic behaviours in hollow composite shafts having different fiber reinforcement and orientation angles
Authors: Yıldırım H. , Pıhtılı H. 
Published: July 2016

This study experimentally investigates the mechanical properties and behaviors of the hollow circular composite shafts, which are widely used in the industry and operated under a variety of environmental influences. Within the context of this study, glass, carbon and kevlar fibers were utilized as fiber materials and epoxy resins were preferred as the matrix material for hollow circular composite shafts. Composite shafts having 80 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm length and different internal diameters were used for three‐point bending tests. Composite hollow shafts were manufactured by utilizing filament winding method at different orientation angles (θ = 45°, 60°, 75°, 80°, 88°). The bending behaviors of the hollow circular composite shafts manufactured were repeated separately for each sample in three‐point bending tests. The results obtained were evaluated inter se, displayed in graphics and necessary considerations were addressed.
C‐axis transport of pnictide superconductors
Authors: Müller Paul , Koval Yuri , Lazareva Irina , Steiner Christian , Wurmehl Sabine , Büchner Bernd , Stürzer Tobias , Johrendt Dirk 
Published: July 2016

The generic structure of most high Tc superconductors is a stacking sequence of superconducting planes separated by so‐called charge reservoir layers. It is well known that carrier doping of these materials is achieved either by substitution of atoms or by nonstoichiometry in the charge reservoir layer. The alternating type of stacking causes yet another two important consequences. First, the transport anisotropy of these materials can be so high, that in the superconducting state the c‐axis transport is governed by the intrinsic Josephson effect. Whereas the anisotropy of our investigated LaO1–xFxFeAs samples was not sufficient, optimum‐doped Ca10(FeAs)10Pt4As8 showed hysteretic c‐axis current–voltage characteristics. Together with the Ambegaokar–Baratoff like temperature dependence of the critical current, this is a strong indication of intrinsic Josephson effects. Second, it is possible to deposit in the charge reservoir layers a substantial amount of charge only by injecting large c‐axis currents. By charge compensation, this decreases the concentration of mobile electrons in the conducting layers of electron‐doped materials. We were able to verify this in all details by c‐axis transport measurements of LaO1−xFxFeAs single crystals and pure and Pt doped (CaFe1–xPtxAs)10Pt4As8 single crystals. After current injection, we observed a decrease of Tc for doping levels at or below the Tc maximum, and a Tc increase for doping levels beyond the maximum. In all cases, the resistivity of the samples increased significantly. In both material classes, heavily overdoped samples showed a spectacular Tc increase by more than 10 K only accomplished by carrier injection.Generic stacking sequence of layered superconductors and crystal structure of the pnictide LaOFeAs.
Inorganic Molybdenum Clusters as Light‐Harvester in All Inorganic Solar Cells: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Renaud Adèle , Grasset Fabien , Dierre Benjamin , Uchikoshi Tetsuo , Ohashi Naoki , Takei Toshiaki , Planchat Aurélien , Cario Laurent , Jobic Stéphane , Odobel Fabrice , Cordier Stéphane 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe first step of the integration of molybdenum clusters as new absorbers in all inorganic solar cells inspired from perovskite cells have been investigated via the fabrication of first cluster sensitized solar cells. The latter have been realized from the photoelectrodes obtained by chemisorption of the clusters on TiO2 and NiO films (respectively named photoanodes and photocathodes). Photovoltaic characteristics reveal that photoinduced electron or hole transfers can occur from the cluster units to the n‐ or p‐type semiconductors respectively. These first photovoltaic performances highlight the interest in using this inorganic cluster as new absorber for photo‐electronical systems.
Concise Total Synthesis of Isospongian Diterpenoid (±)‐Polyrhaphin D
Authors: Wang Zemin , Xing Zhimin , Liu Lin , Zhang Hao , Zhong Zhuliang , Xie Dr Xingang , She Xuegong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe first total synthesis of isospongian diterpenoid (±)‐polyrhaphin D has been accomplished in 9 steps with 19 % overall yield starting from the Wieland–Miescher ketone derivative. The key features of our synthesis include a sequential reduction/Michael addition/aldol condenzation to assemble the A ring and an intramolecular dehydrative cyclization/olefin isomerization reaction to install the γ‐butenolide D ring.
Involvement of EGF receptor signaling and NLRP12 inflammasome in fine particulate matter‐induced lung inflammation in mice
Authors: Jin Yuefei , Wu Weidong , Zhang Weiguo , Zhao Yang , Wu Yongjun , Ge Guoyin , Ba Yue , Guo Qiang , Gao Tianyu , Chi Xuejing , Hao Huiyun , Wang Jing , Feng Feifei 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTEpidemiological studies have shown that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with respiratory diseases. Lung inflammation is a central feature of many pulmonary diseases, which can be induced by PM2.5 exposure. However, the mechanisms underlying PM2.5‐induced lung inflammation remain unclear. To characterize the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and inflammasome in PM2.5‐induced lung inflammation in mice, 30 BALB/c mice were intrabroncheally instilled with saline and PM2.5 suspension (4.0 mg/kg b.w.) for 5 consecutive days, respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was conducted and BAL fluid (BALF) was collected. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), epidermal growth factor (EGF), CXCL1, interleukin (IL)−1β, and IL‐18 in BALF were determined using ELISA. mRNA levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐18, CXCL1, IL‐10, NLRP3, Caspase‐1, and NLRP12 in lung tissues were determined by RT‐PCR. Phospho‐EGFR (Tyr1068) and phospho‐Akt (Thr308) in lung tissues were examined using immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting, respectively. Protein levels of Caspase‐1, NLRP3, NF‐κB‐p52/p100, and NF‐κB‐p65 in bronchial epithelium were examined using immunohistochemical staining. It was shown that PM2.5 exposure induced lung inflammation. Levels of total protein, ROS, iNOS, EGF, and CXCL1 and cell number in the BALF of mice exposed to PM2.5 were markedly elevated relative to the control. mRNA levels of CXCL1, IL‐1β, and IL‐18 in lung tissues of PM2.5‐exposed mice were increased in comparison with the control. However, level of NLRP12 mRNA in lung tissues of PM2.5‐exposed mice was reduced. Phospho‐EGFR (Tyr1068) and phospho‐Akt (Thr308) levels in the lungs of PM2.5‐instilled mice were higher than those in the lungs of the control. The protein levels of NF‐κB‐p52/p100 and NF‐κB‐p65 in bronchial epithelium of PM2.5‐exposed mice were also increased compared with the control. This study suggests that EGF‐EGFR‐Akt‐NF‐κB signaling and NLRP12 inflammasome may be associated with PM2.5‐induced lung inflammation in mice. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1121–1134, 2017.
New biofunctional effects of the flower buds of Camellia sinensis and its bioactive acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides
Authors: Matsuda Hisashi , Nakamura Seikou , Morikawa Toshio , Muraoka Osamu , Yoshikawa Masayuki 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We review the biofunctional effects of the flower buds of Camellia
sinensis and C. sinensis var. assamica, such as antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, antiobesity, and gastroprotective effects in vivo, and antiallergic, pancreatic lipase inhibitory, and amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation inhibitory activities in vitro. Although the biofunctional effects of tea leaves have been extensively studied, less attention has been given to those of the flowers and seeds of the tea plant. Our studies focused on the saponin constituents of the extracts of the flower buds of C. sinensis cultivated in Japan and China, and C. sinensis var. assamica cultivated in India, and we review their beneficial biofunctions for health promotion.
Involving Consumers: The Role of Digital Technologies in Promoting ‘Prosumption’ and User Innovation
Authors: Rayna Thierry , Striukova Ludmila 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSince the First Industrial Revolution, consumers have been mainly considered as playing a passive role with regard to production. However, the recent decades have seen a progressive growth in consumer involvement in production processes, for instance, in the form of user innovation, DIY and mass customisation. Yet, it was not until the advent of digital technologies that consumers’ input in production processes could become really significant in all dimensions of production (design, manufacturing and distribution). This increased (sometimes leading) role of consumers in production has been referred to as ‘prosumption’. While prosumption has so far been mainly significant online (where consumers have arguably taken over the creation and distribution of content), recent advances in digital technologies (mobile networks, 3D printing) have enabled prosumption to reach to world of physical objects, as illustrated by the increased importance of consumer-made goods (‘makers’ movement) and of the ‘sharing economy’. Although prosumption can be highly disruptive to markets, there has not been so far a thorough investigation of the nature of this phenomenon. Yet, understanding this nature is critical to apprehend disruptions. Furthermore, while digital technologies have been acknowledged as a key factor in the rise of prosumption, the exact role of each set of technologies has not yet been studied, which is a problem, as different technologies enable different types of prosumption. The aim of this article is to fill these two gaps. To do so, a framework of prosumption, which encompasses both inputs and outputs of consumer contribution, is introduced. This framework is then applied to multiple case studies, which enables to show how prosumption has evolved and what changes lie ahead.
Consideration of structural constraints in passive rotor blade design for improved performance
Authors: Lim J.W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis design study applied parameterisation to rotor blade for improved performance. In the design, parametric equations were used to represent blade planform changes over the existing rotor blade model. Design variables included blade twist, sweep, dihedral and the radial control point. Updates to the blade structural properties with changes in the design variables allowed accurate evaluation of performance objectives and realistic structural constraints – blade stability, steady moments (flap bending, chord bending and torsion) and the high-g manoeuvre pitch link loads. Performance improvement was demonstrated with multiple parametric designs. Using a parametric design with advanced aerofoils, the predicted power reduction was 1.0% in hover, 10.0% at μ = 0.30 and 17.0% at μ = 0.40, relative to the baseline UH-60A rotor, but these were obtained with a 35% increase in the steady chord bending moment at μ = 0.30 and a 20% increase in the half peak-to-peak pitch link load during the UH-60A UTTAS manoeuvre. Low vibration was maintained for this design. More rigorous design efforts, such as chord tapering and/or structural redesign of the blade cross section, would enlarge the feasible design space and likely provide significant performance improvement.
EARLY BOLZANO ONGROUND-CONSEQUENCEPROOFS
Authors: CENTRONE STEFANIA 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn his earlyContributions to a Better-Grounded Presentation of Mathematics(1810) Bernard Bolzano tries to characterizerigorous proofs(strenge Beweise).Rigorousis,prima facie, any proof that indicates the grounds for its conclusion. Bolzano lists a number of methodological constraints all rigorous proofs should comply with, and tests them systematically against a specific collection of elementary inference schemata that, according to him, are evidently of ground-consequence-kind. This paper intends to give a detailed and critical account of the fragmentary logic of theContributions, and to point out as well some difficulties Bolzano’s attempt runs into, notably as to his methodological ban on ‘kind crossing’.
Investment Arbitration and EU Law
Authors: KOKOTT Juliane , SOBOTTA Christoph 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInvestment arbitration is based on international agreements and operates in parallel to the EU legal and judicial system. Therefore conflicts between EU law and investment protection are possible. These may result from the substantial investment protection standards, but also from the operation of a parallel system of judicial protection. The EU law position on such conflicts will depend on whether the investment agreement was concluded between Member States, between Member States and other countries, or between the EU and other countries.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Use of Probiotics for the Prevention ofClostridium difficile–Associated Diarrhea in a Provincial Healthcare System
Authors: Leal Jenine R. , Heitman Steven J. , Conly John M. , Henderson Elizabeth A. , Manns Braden J. 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVETo conduct a full economic evaluation assessing the costs and consequences related to probiotic use for the primary prevention ofClostridium difficile–associated diarrhea (CDAD).DESIGNCost-effectiveness analysis using decision analytic modeling.METHODSA cost-effectiveness analysis was used to evaluate the risk of CDAD and the costs of receiving oral probiotics versus not over a time horizon of 30 days. The target population modeled was all adult inpatients receiving any therapeutic course of antibiotics from a publicly funded healthcare system perspective. Effectiveness estimates were based on a recent systematic review of probiotics for the primary prevention of CDAD. Additional estimates came from local data and the literature. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess how plausible changes in variables impacted the results.RESULTSTreatment with oral probiotics led to direct costs of CDN $24 per course of treatment per patient. On average, patients treated with oral probiotics had a lower overall cost compared with usual care (CDN $327 vs $845). The risk of CDAD was reduced from 5.5% in those not receiving oral probiotics to 2% in those receiving oral probiotics. These results were robust to plausible variation in all estimates.CONCLUSIONSOral probiotics as a preventive strategy for CDAD resulted in a lower risk of CDAD as well as cost-savings. The cost-savings may be greater in other healthcare systems that experience a higher incidence and cost associated with CDAD.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;37:1079–1086
Lakotacrinus brezinain. gen. n. sp., a new stalked crinoid from cold methane seeps in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Pierre Shale, South Dakota, United States
Authors: Hunter Aaron W. , Larson Neal L. , Landman Neil H. , Oji Tatsuo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDespite a rich and varied record, Mesozoic stalked crinoids are relatively rare in the Western Interior Seaway of North America compared to those found in Northern Europe. A unique example of Mesozoic stalked crinoid is described from cold methane seeps (hydrocarbon seep mounds also called “tepee buttes”) from the Upper Cretaceous (upper Campanian) of the Northern Great Plains of the United States; the first crinoids to be described from such an environment. The Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway has never before yielded any identifiable stalked crinoid remains. Nevertheless, there have been significant studies on both free living and stalked crinoids from other locations in the Upper Cretaceous of North America that provide a good basis for comparison.Lakotacrinus brezinain. gen. n. sp. is characterized by a tapering homeomorphic column with through-going tubuli, lacking any attachment disc. The arms are unbranched and pinnulate, with muscular and syzygial articulations. The unique morphology of the column justifies the establishment of Lakotacrinidae new family. A new suborder Lakotacrinina n. subord., is also proposed as there exists no corresponding taxon within the Articulata that can accommodate all the characteristics of this new genus. This new crinoid shares many features with other members of the articulates, including bathycrinids, bourgueticrinids and guillecrinids within the Order Comatulida, as currently defined in the revised Treatise of Invertebrate Paleontology. Reconstructing the entire crinoid using hundreds of semi-articulated and disarticulated (well preserved) fossils, reveals a unique paleoecology and functional morphology specifically adapted to living within this hydrocarbon seep environment.
The First Halford Lecture Frank Bernard Halford, C.B.E., Fellow 1894-1955
Authors: Brodie, John L. P. 
Published: July 2016

The Prime Purpose of this initiative Halford lecture is to speak of the man and his work.It may seem rather peculiar to preface such a lecture with an obituary but as I wrote one of them with deep feeling in my heart I make no apology for quoting parts of it to start this lecture and later, to expand on those aspects of his rich life which may be of interest.
Some Experiences of a Pioneer in the Aircraft Industry in Australia
Authors: Wackett Lawrence 
Published: July 2016

Those who have followed a career similar to mine have generally displayed an interest in things mechanical from an early age. I was true to type in this respect, and showed my liking for making things from as early as I can remember. This was not because I was taught to do so, for my father died when I was only six. However, I inherited a fine kit of tools which I had seen him use, and I taught myself to use them.As early as 1910 I constructed some balloons, one about 15 ft. in diameter which rose fully 1,000 ft. and drifted miles over the countryside. I made large kites and some model aeroplanes with elastic motors which flew short distances.
Pressure Loss Data for Crimped Metal Strip Matrices
Authors: Lindley B. C. 
Published: July 2016

Data were obtained of the pressure loss characteristics of metal strip matrices constructed by winding together alternate layers of crimped and plain metal strip. The hydraulic diameters of the passages so formed were in the range 0.023 in. to 0.060 in. with passage lengths from 1 in. to 6 in. and metal thickness from 0.002 in. to 0.006 in.The units were mounted in a 6 in. diameter duct in which air velocities of up to 200 ft./sec. were obtained. The range of passage Reynolds number was from 300 to 6,000. The majority of the experimental results were for atmospheric pressure, but some tests were carried out at sub-atmospheric pressures to test a correlation equation derived from analysis of the results.
Advantages and Limitations of Models
Authors: Sobey A. J. 
Published: July 2016

Summary:The use of models for structural test investigations in the presence of kinetic heating effects is examined. The principal features of the complex process to be represented are discussed under the classifications external air flow, internal heat transfer, elastic response. Of these the second is found to influence most model design, and an analysis of a typical structure is included to illustrate the various contributions to internal heat transfer.
A Note on the Causes of Thin Aerofoil Stall
Authors: Moore T. W. F. 
Published: July 2016

Recent Researches have led to some possible explanations for thin aerofoil stalling behaviour. Apart from the Owen Klanfer criterion these are the reverse flow breakdown hypothesis of McGregor and Wallis's turbulent separation theory.This note describes simple theoretical boundary layer calculations which indicate the feasibility of Wallis's hypothesis. In addition the results of some experiments on a thin two-dimensional aerofoil with various leading edge configurations with Reynolds number, based on model chord, of 1.8 million and 1 million support either of these hypotheses, depending on the leading edge configuration. It is concluded that thin aerofoil stall can occur broadly, through either of the suggested mechanisms, depending on conditions in the nose region.
Analysis of the complete genome sequence of black queen cell virus JL1 from infected honeybees in China
Authors: Yang Q. , Song Z.-Y. , Feng X. , Zhang J. , Zheng Y. , Wang X.-H. , Sui J.-C. , Wang Z.-G. , Sun Y. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThere are six strains of the complete genomic sequences of black queen cell virus (BQCV) published in the GenBank, including South Africa (AF183905), South Korea (JX149531), Hungary 10 (EF517515), Poland 4 (EF517519), Poland 5 (EF517520) and Poland 6 (EF517521). Based on the six BQCV strains published in the GenBank, ten pairs of primers were designed in the present study using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to obtain the first complete genome sequence of a BQCV strain in China, called the BQCV China-JL1 strain (KP119603). A phylogenetic tree was then built to analyse their genetic relationships. The BQCV China-JL1 strain showed 86–93% similarity with the six strains published in the GenBank. The BQCV China-JL1 strain consisted of 8358 nucleotides (nt). The 5′-proximal open reading frame (ORF1) initiated at nt position 546 and terminated at nt position 4676, ORF3 initiated at nt position 4891 and terminated at nt position 5433, and the 3′-proximal ORF (ORF2) was located between nt positions 5750 and 8203.
The Pressure Jet Helicopter
Authors: Stepan A. 
Published: July 2016

Before enlarging on the main subject of this paper, it will be helpful to clarify some fundamental conceptions of various rotor drive configurations.In the past the original shaft-driven helicopter presented two major problems to the designer. These were first: the necessity to choose between either some torque balancing device or a multi-rotor layout and, second: the necessity of a large reduction gear box, the weight of which seemed to become prohibitive with increasing all-up weight of the design. Big helicopters with either single rotor/tail rotor configuration or multi-rotor configuration, are flying successfully and prove that these afore-mentioned problems, although still in existence, were mastered in an admirable way. Nevertheless, in the old days the words “ tip. drive ” had a magic sound to the harassed designer.