bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ketamine Infusion Combined With Magnesium as a Therapy for Intractable Chronic Cluster Headache: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Moisset Xavier , Clavelou Pierre , Lauxerois Michel , Dallel Radhouane , Picard Pascale 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundChronic cluster headache (CH) is a rare, highly disabling primary headache condition. As NMDA receptors are possibly overactive in CH, NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, could be of interest in patients with intractable CH.Case reportsTwo Caucasian males, 28 and 45 years‐old, with chronic intractable CH, received a single ketamine infusion (0.5 mg/kg over 2 h) combined with magnesium sulfate (3000 mg over 30 min) in an outpatient setting. This treatment led to a complete relief from symptoms (attack frequency and pain intensity) for one patient and partial relief (50%) for the other patient, for 6 weeks in both cases.ConclusionThe NMDA receptor is a potential target for the treatment of chronic CH. Randomized, placebo‐controlled studies are warranted to establish both safety and efficacy of such treatment.
The PhD conundrum in South African academia
Authors: Breier Mignonne , Herman Chaya 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSouth African universities need more academics with PhDs, from historically disadvantaged population groups in particular, but they face a conundrum. In order to have more staff with PhDs, they need to produce more PhD graduates. But in order to produce more PhD graduates, they need more staff with PhDs to supervise. This article explores this conundrum by comparing academic qualifications with national policies and targets, by developing a quantitative profile of staff without PhDs and describing government and institutional measures to improve academic qualifications. An institution's supervisory capacity is found to be closely related to institutional history. Four main factors are identified: (a) whether or not the institution was originally established as a traditional university or as a technikon; (b) whether or not it was advantaged or disadvantaged under apartheid, which was closely related to the racial group for which it was established; (c) whether or not it was merged post 2004; and if so, (d) with what type of institution it was merged.
The Environmental History of Colonial Mexico
Authors: Conway Richard 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn spite of the sizable scholarly literature on New Spain, and notwithstanding the fact that environmental history is now a highly influential field, on first glance, there seem to be surprisingly few works of environmental history for colonial Mexico. Or are there? This article suggests that as a multi‐disciplinary enterprise and as an area of history that overlaps and blends with many others, the environmental history of colonial Mexico has been far more abundant than a first glance might suggest. The blurring of the boundaries between disciplines and different kinds of history has become a hallmark of the scholarship in recent years. The adoption of methodological approaches from microhistory has become another. Together, these trends challenge our ideas about what it means to study environmental history even as they point us towards new opportunities for research.
Lack of Ikaros cripples expression of Foxo1 and its targets in naive T cells
Authors: Agnihotri Parul , Robertson Nicholas M. , Umetsu Sarah E. , Arakcheeva Ksenia , Winandy Susan 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIkaros is a transcription factor that regulates lymphocyte development from the level of the haematopoietic stem cell. Lack of Ikaros reduces the ability of progenitor cells to commit to the T‐cell lineage, resulting in reduced numbers of early thymic T‐cell progenitors and mature T cells. Mature CD4 T cells that lack Ikaros have defects in proliferation, T helper cell differentiation, cytokine expression and the ability to become anergic. A role for Ikaros in the naive T cell has not yet been identified. The receptors interleukin‐7 receptor α (IL‐7Rα) and l‐selectin are important for ensuring survival and proper homing of naive T cells, respectively. Here we show that lack of Ikaros leads to reduced expression of these receptors in naive T cells, which impacts their ability to home and survive in response to IL‐7. We define the mechanism underlying this phenotype as a requirement for Ikaros in maintenance of expression of Foxo1, a transcriptional regulator that is required for their expression. We also demonstrate that CD4 T cells lacking Ikaros are significantly crippled in their ability to become induced regulatory T cells, a phenotype also linked to reduced Foxo1 expression. Finally, we show that restoring Ikaros function to Ikaros‐deficient CD4 T cells increases levels of Foxo1 message. Together, these studies define, for the first time, a role for Ikaros in naive T cells and establish it as the first transcriptional regulator required for maintaining levels of Foxo1 gene expression in these cells.
A random arrival rule for division problems with multiple references
Authors: Borrero D.V. , Sánchez F.J. , Hinojosa M.A. , Mármol A.M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe address the problem of the division of a homogeneous, infinitely divisible good among a set of agents when several characteristics have to be taken into account. Specifically, we extend the classic random arrival rule to division problems which do not necessarily represent a bankruptcy situation, and in which several references are considered for each agent. We establish the links of the extended rule with the classic random arrival rule and we prove that the outcomes coincide with the Shapley value of an appropriate cooperative game. The results permit a complete description of the allocations that would be obtained for any value of the quantity to be divided.
Unpacking the complexity of planning with persons with cognitive disability and complex support needs
Authors: Collings Susan , Dew Angela , Dowse Leanne 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundPlanners will engage with people with cognitive disability and complex support needs in the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme, but the specific skills needed to build sustainable plans with this group are not yet known.MethodA qualitative study was conducted to explore the barriers and facilitators to planning with people with cognitive disability and complex support needs. Focus groups were held with 99 planning practitioners across metropolitan and regional locations in New South Wales, Australia.ResultsThematic analysis showed planners need to build a partnership based on mutual trust and respect with a person with complex support needs and harness a range of skills to respond to individual support needs, learning capacity, systemic hurdles and life challenges.ConclusionsPlanner skills can be used to address barriers to planning for people with cognitive disability and complex support needs. Gaining skills took professional support and personal commitment.
Explaining the relationship between temperament and symptoms of psychiatric disorders from preschool to middle childhood: hybrid fixed and random effects models of Norwegian and Spanish children
Authors: Wichstrøm Lars , Penelo Eva , Rensvik Viddal Kristine , de la Osa Nuria , Ezpeleta Lourdes 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundFour explanations for the concurrent and prospective associations between temperament and psychopathology in children have been suggested: predisposition, complication/scar, common cause/continuity, and pathoplasty/exacerbation. Because the confounding effects of common causes have not been ruled out in prior work, the support for the various explanations is uncertain.MethodsScreen‐stratified community samples of 4‐year olds in Trondheim, Norway (n = 1,042), and 3‐year olds in Barcelona, Spain (n = 622), were assessed biennially for symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD), oppositional defiant (ODD), conduct (CD), anxiety, and depressive disorders through interviewer‐based psychiatric interviews across four waves of data collection. The parents completed child temperament ratings. The data were analyzed with random and fixed effects regression adjusted for all time‐invariant unmeasured confounders (e.g., genetics, common methods bias, item overlap).ResultsIn both Norway and Spain and across ages, negative affect predisposed children to symptoms of all disorders except CD, low effortful control predisposed children to ADHD and ODD‐symptoms, and surgency predisposed children to increased ADHD‐symptoms. Complication effects were observed in the Spanish children for ADHD‐symptoms, which increased surgency and diminished effortful control, and for ODD‐symptoms, which decreased surgency. The common cause and pathoplasty/exacerbation explanations were not supported.ConclusionsThe present results are consistent with the view that temperament plays a causal role in the development of symptoms of psychiatric disorders in children. Because temperament is malleable, interventions targeting the affective, attentional, and behavioral regulatory components of temperament may reduce psychopathology in children.
Effects of different direction of temperature jump treatment on cucumbers
Authors: Zhao Songsong , Yang Zhao , Zhang Lei , Luo Na , Wang Chao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA novel method of uninterrupted temperature jump treatment was proposed. Effects of different directions of temperature jump were studied. Cucumbers were first put into ice‐water for 40 min (CST) and then immersed into hot water (40 °C) for 20 min uninterruptedly (CHT); and reversely, cucumbers immersed into hot water (HST) for 20 min and then ice‐water for 40 min (HCT). The results showed that the decay incidence of CHT was 24.0 and 49.3% lower than that of CST and HST respectively. And the CAT activity of CHT was also obviously higher than that of CST and HST. However, the HCT displayed negative results except CAT and POD activity. The results demonstrate that temperature jump treatment of appropriate direction (CHT) integrates respective advantages of cold and heat shock to further improve resistance abilities. With the temperature jump treatment of negative direction (HCT), the damage of thermal stress could produce harmful effects on preservation quality.Practical applicationsTo provide the circulating water of constant temperature, the equipment of temperature shock treatment for fruit and vegetable is designed. This equipment can meet the requirement of different direction of temperature jump treatment. The results reveal that the temperature, time and direction of jump treatment have an important influence on the sensory quality and antioxidant enzymes. In terms of storage quality of the cucumber, CHT, temperature jump from low to high, shows better results than single temperature treatment (CST and HST). However, HCT, temperature jump from high to low, causes the damage from thermal stress. The optimal treatment intensity is not determined by simple combination of some treatment parameters. The direction of temperature jump has a significant influence on physicochemical properties. This article provides an experimental basis for acquiring the best control of three factors (T‐T‐D) to improve preservation quality of fruit and vegetable maximally.
Thermal inactivation of Salmonella spp. in commercial tree nut and peanut butters in finished packaging
Authors: Wright Daniel G. , Minarsich Joseph , Daeschel Mark A. , Waite‐Cusic Joy 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPeanut and tree nut butters have been implicated in Salmonella outbreaks in recent years. Previous studies investigated efficacy of thermal treatments to reduce Salmonella in multiple peanut butter formulations; however, evidence is lacking to support thermal treatment of tree nut butters. This study evaluated thermal treatments to reduce Salmonella in commercial nut butter formulations in final package. Formulations (n = 6) were inoculated with a Salmonella cocktail and packaged in glass jars before thermal treatment (boiling waterbath, holding times: 0–90 min, >90 °C). Salmonella survivors were enumerated using standard dilution and plating on Hektoen Enteric Agar (37 °C, 24–48 hr). Low levels of survivors (<1 CFU/g) were quantified using a one‐tube most probable number technique. Thermal treatments at >90 °C with a 30‐min hold time effectively reduced >5 log CFU/g of Salmonella in tree nut formulations; however, holding times >60 min were required to achieve similar reductions in peanut butter.Practical applicationsThis study was designed to provide evidence to support a reconditioning proposal for the processing of tree nut butters that were linked to an outbreak of Salmonella Paratyphi L(+)tartrate(+). There were no previous reports in the scientific literature to demonstrate the efficacy of thermal treatment to inactivate Salmonella spp. in tree nut butters, including nut butters with more complex formulations. Ideally, reconditioning of contaminated product would not require repackaging of the products; therefore, this study was designed to determine treatment parameters that could be easily achieved with the product remaining in its original packaging. This report supports thermal treatment as an option for reconditioning contaminated tree nut butter products using a thermal process that is less intense than what would be necessary to reduce Salmonella spp. in peanut butter products.
Survival of foodborne bacteria on strawberries and antibacterial activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts and chemical sanitizers on strawberries
Authors: Gómez‐Aldapa Carlos A. , Portillo‐Torres Lizbeth A. , Villagómez‐Ibarra José R. , Rangel‐Vargas Esmeralda , Téllez‐Jurado Alejandro , Cruz‐Gálvez Andrés M. , Castro‐Rosas Javier 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe potential of 13 foodborne bacteria to attach and survival on strawberries and the antimicrobial activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extracts and chemical sanitizers against foodborne bacteria on strawberries were investigated. Strawberries were inoculated with thirteen foodborne bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Typhi, S. Montevideo, Vibrio cholerae O1, and six pathotypes of Escherichia coli: O157:H7, Non‐O157:H7‐Shiga toxin‐producing, enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive, and enteroaggregative. The antibacterial effects of four roselle calyx extracts (in water, methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate), sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver, and acetic acid against all pathogenic bacteria were evaluated on contaminated strawberries. All foodborne bacteria attached and survived on strawberries at least 15 days. Acetonic and methanolic roselle calyx extracts caused a greater reduction in the concentration (until 3.8‐log10 reduction in some cases) of all foodborne bacteria than the sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver and acetic acid on contaminated strawberries.Practical applicationsThe strawberry is an important crop in United States, Spain, and Mexico. However, fresh strawberries have been associated with foodborne disease caused by E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. There is little information about the attachment and survival of foodborne bacteria on strawberries. A number of studies have shown that chemical agents used to eliminate pathogenic bacteria on fruits have a limited antimicrobial effect. Roselle calyx extracts are reported to have an antimicrobial effect. This study provides information about the attachment and survival of different foodborne bacteria on strawberries and information on the significant impact of dry roselle calyx extracts may be potentially useful in disinfection procedures of strawberries.
Determination of five macrolide antibiotic residues in milk by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with field amplified sample stacking
Authors: Hong Yue‐Qin , Guo Xin , Chen Guan‐Hua , Zhou Jia‐Wei , Zou Xue‐Mei , Liao Xue , Hou Ting 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study is to develop a new micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with field amplified sample stacking for the determination of five kinds of macrolide antibiotic residues in milk. The main factors that affect the separation and enrichment of these analytes were optimized. The optimum running buffer was composed of 60 mM phosphate, 5 mM sodium cholate, and 1.0 mM cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide at pH 7.0. The separation voltage was 20 kV and the sample was electrokinetically injected at 10 kV for 120 s. The detection wavelength was set at 195 nm. Under the optimized conditions, the enrichment factor of tilmicosin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and tylosin were 866, 565, 908, 702, and 675, respectively. The limits of detection ranged from 0.002 to 0.004 mg/kg. The method shall meet the requirement of their maximum residue limits ruled by China, the European Union, the United States, and other countries.Practical applicationsThe developed method has been applied successfully to the determination of the milk samples spiked at 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg. The recoveries ranging from 72.8 to 93.7% demonstrate that the method can be applied to the detection of tilmicosin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and tylosin residues in milk.
Rifaximin has minor effects on bacterial composition, inflammation, and bacterial translocation in cirrhosis: A randomized trial
Authors: Kimer Nina , Pedersen Julie S , Tavenier Juliette , Christensen Jeffrey E , Busk Troels M , Hobolth Lise , Krag Aleksander , Al‐Soud Waleed Abu , Mortensen Martin S , Sørensen Søren J , Møller Søren , Bendtsen Flemming ,   members of the CoRif study group
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and AimDecompensated cirrhosis is characterized by disturbed hemodynamics, immune dysfunction, and high risk of infections. Translocation of viable bacteria and bacterial products from the gut to the blood is considered a key driver in this process. Intestinal decontamination with rifaximin may reduce bacterial translocation (BT) and decrease inflammation. A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial investigated the effects of rifaximin on inflammation and BT in decompensated cirrhosis.MethodsFifty‐four out‐patients with cirrhosis and ascites were randomized, mean age 56 years (± 8.4), and model for end‐stage liver disease score 12 (± 3.9). Patients received rifaximin 550‐mg BD (n = 36) or placebo BD (n = 18). Blood and fecal (n = 15) sampling were conducted at baseline and after 4 weeks. Bacterial DNA in blood was determined by real‐time qPCR 16S rRNA gene quantification. Bacterial composition in feces was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsCirculating markers of inflammation, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukins 6, 10, and 18, stromal cell‐derived factor 1‐α, transforming growth factor β‐1, and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein, were unaltered by rifaximin treatment. Rifaximin altered abundance of bacterial taxa in blood marginally, only a decrease in Pseudomonadales was observed. In feces, rifaximin decreased bacterial richness, but effect on particular species was not observed. Subgroup analyses on patients with severely disturbed hemodynamics (n = 34) or activated lipopolysaccharide binding protein (n = 37) revealed no effect of rifaximin.ConclusionFour weeks of treatment with rifaximin had no impact on the inflammatory state and only minor effects on BT and intestinal bacterial composition in stable, decompensated cirrhosis (NCT01769040).
Brassica rapa hairy root extracts promote skin depigmentation by modulating melanin production and distribution
Authors: Sena Luigi Michele , Zappelli Claudia , Apone Fabio , Barbulova Ani , Tito Annalisa , Leone Antonella , Oliviero Teresa , Ferracane Rosalia , Fogliano Vincenzo , Colucci Gabriella 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundSkin whitening products, used for ages by Asian people for cultural and esthetic purposes, are very popular nowadays in Western countries as well, where the need to inhibit skin spots after sun exposure has become not only a cosmetic but also a health‐related issue. Thus, the development of effective and safe depigmenting agents derived from natural products gets continuous attention by cosmetic brands and consumers.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of two preparations, obtained from the hairy root cultures of the species Brassica rapa, on melanogenesis and the expression of the extracellular matrix proteins involved in a correct pigment distribution.MethodsThe two preparations, obtained by water‐ethanol extraction and by digestion of cell‐wall glycoproteins of the root cells, were chemically characterized and tested on skin cell cultures and on human skin explants to investigate on their dermatological activities.ResultsBoth the extracts were able to decrease melanin synthesis pathway in melanocytes and modulate the expression of genes involved in melanin distribution. One of the extracts was also effective in inducing the expression of laminin‐5 and collagen IV, involved into the maintenance of tissue integrity. The two extracts, when tested together on human skin explants, demonstrated a good synergic hypopigmenting activity.ConclusionsTaken together, the results indicate that the extracts from B. rapa root cultures can be employed as cosmetic active ingredients in skin whitening products and as potential therapeutic agents for treating pigmentation disorders.
Australian and New Zealand Committee on Resuscitation Neonatal Resuscitation guidelines 2016
Authors: Liley Helen G , Mildenhall Lindsay , Morley Peter ,   on behalf of the Australian New Zealand Committee on Resuscitation
Published: July 2017

AbstractNew Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Resuscitation guidelines reflect recent advances in neonatal resuscitation science, as critically appraised by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Substantial changes since the 2010 guidelines include: (i) updates to the Newborn Resuscitation Flowchart to include a greater emphasis on maintaining normal body temperature, and to emphasise the importance of beginning assisted ventilation by 1 min in infants who have absent or ineffective spontaneous breathing; (ii) updates to the physiology of the normal perinatal transition that resuscitation is trying to restore; (iii) recommendations for more frequent reinforcement of training, and for structured feedback for resuscitation training instructors; (iv) new guidance in relation to the timing of cord clamping for preterm newborn infants; (v) recommendation to monitor body temperature on admission to newborn units as a resuscitation quality indicator; (vi) suggestion to consider electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring (as an adjunct to oximetry) to obtain more rapid and accurate estimation of heart rate during resuscitation; (vii) removal of previous suggestions to intubate meconium‐exposed, non‐vigorous term infants to suction the trachea; and (viii) suggestion to establish vascular access to enable administration of intravenous adrenaline (epinephrine) as soon as chest compressions are deemed to be needed.