bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working With Anxiety and Depression from a Buddhism Framework
Authors: Allen A. 
Published: June 2017

Buddhism as a spiritual discipline is concerned with freedom from suffering, conceptualizing suffering as originating in false views about the nature of self and reality. Buddhist psychology conceptualizes emotions and mental habits as being wholesome or unwholesome based on the tendency of these habits to promote or hinder the quest for enlightenment, and contains a rich diversity of methods to transform unwholesome emotional tendencies. Many of these emotions, such as anger, fear, and despair, are commonly dealt with in clinical or therapy settings. Buddhist ideas about the genesis and cessation of suffering can be used as an overarching model to organize a diversity of therapeutic techniques, bridge different therapy models, and select particular techniques at particular times in the treatment of emotional disorders. Learning objectives: after this session, participants will be able to use the Buddhist Yogacara model of mind and karma as a model of how negative emotions are transformed. After this session, participants will be able to describe indirect methods (evoking wholesome feelings) in order to transform negative emotional tendencies and how this overlaps with current therapy models such as supportive and compassion-focused therapy. After the session, participants will be able to conceptualize how Buddhist “direct methods” of mindful awareness and contemplating right view overlaps with methods used in cognitive behavioural therapy, marital therapy, or acceptance and commitment therapy. Self-assessment questions: according to Buddhist psychology, what is the primary cause of negative emotions? Broadly speaking, what are 3 types of techniques for transforming emotional habits?Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
The Time Perception in Contemporary
Authors: Burgese D.F. , Bassitt D.P. , Ceron-Litvoc D. , Liberali G.B. 
Published: June 2017

With the advent of new technologies, the man begins to experience a significant change in the perception of the other, time and space. The acceleration of time promoted by new technology does not allow the exercise of affection for the consolidation of ties, relations take narcissists hues seeking immediate gratification and the other is understood as a continuation of the self, the pursuit of pleasure. It is the acceleration of time, again, which leads man to present the need for immediate, always looking for the new – not new – in an attempt to fill an inner space that is emptied. The retention of concepts and pre-stressing of temporality are liquefied, become fleeting. We learn to live in the world and the relationship with the other in a frivolous and superficial way. The psychic structure, facing new phenomena experienced, loses temporalize capacity and expand its spatiality, it becomes pathological. Post-modern inability to retain the past, to analyze the information received and reflect, is one of the responsible for the mental illness of today's society. From a temporality range of proper functioning, the relationship processes with you and your peers will have the necessary support to become viable and healthy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Leonardo da Vinci: A Neuropsychological Enigma or an Aberration?
Authors: Kumar S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIt has been universally regarded that Leonardo da Vinci was one of the all-time geniuses in terms of his contribution to art and sciences. A number of theories have been proposed to explain his genius that range from neurological, psychological uniqueness, and enhanced functional intelligence.AimThe primary aim is to explore these theories in detail and register their pros and cons alongside contextualizing their credibility and weightage against the extant evidence in science.MethodA detailed literature search has been undertaken to identify variety of models and theories either:– dealing with neurological, psychological or neuro-philosophical explanations;– have been proposed by psychiatrist or psychologist and neurologists pertaining to Leonardo's brain or mind;– theories around occult and religion have been excluded.DiscussionThe results are synthesized and presented in a tabular form. The discussion expand son the various theories and the relevance of Leonardo da Vinci to the merging unified field of neurology, psychology, technology and philosophy (consciousness studies).Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Alexithymia in War Veterans with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Becirovic E. , Avdibegovic E. , Softic R. , Mirkovic-Hajdukov M. , Becirovic A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAlexithymia consider a cluster of cognitive and affective characteristics that include: inability of recognizing and describing emotions, difficulties in distinguishing feelings and physical sensations during emotional arousal, narrowed capacity for imagination and externally oriented cognitive style. Several studies links alexithymia with increased risk for physical and mental damage. Symptoms of alexithymia are documented in persons who develop PTSD in response to different types of traumatic events.ObjectivesTo examine alexithymia in war veterans.AimsTo determine whether alexithymia is significantly more present in war veterans with PTSD.MethodsCross-sectional study of 205 war veterans tested by Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and by Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20).ResultsOut of 205 war veterans 89 (43.4%) of them have alexithymia. Significantly more veterans with PTSD (78 or 75%) than without PTSD (11 or 10.9%) has alexithymia (Chi2 = 88.955, P < 0.001) was found a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the total score of alexithymia (t-test = −10.676, P < 0.001) statistically significant difference was found in all three domains of alexithymia.ConclusionsAlexithymia is significantly often in war veterans with than without PTSD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Residual Sleep Disturbance in Tunisian Military Patients with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Belhadj H. , Krir W. , Elkefi H. , Oumaya A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSleep disorders such as nightmares and insomnia are among the most frequently reported symptoms in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of residual sleep disorders in military personnel with PTSD.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted and included 25 military consultants meeting the criteria of DSM-5 for PTSD. Sleep disorders were assessed using the insomnia severity index (ISI).ResultsThe mean score of the ISI was 14. Fourteen percent of the participants (n = 21) reported difficulty falling asleep. All patients reported difficulties staying asleep. Nightmares were reported by 48% of the sample (n = 12). All patients were under hydroxyzine at dosages ranging from 25 to 50 mg per day. More than half of the sample (n = 18) was under a combination of benzodiazepine and hydroxyzine. Seventy-one percent of patients (n = 15) considered that their sleep difficulties significantly disrupted their daily lives.ConclusionInsomnia is one of the most frequent and persistent symptoms in PTSD patients. These sleep disorders can impede remission and may be due in part to co-morbid depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Post-traumatic Stress and Subthreshold Autism Spectrum Among Divers of the Italian Navy Employed in Search and Rescue Activities
Authors: Carmassi C. , Isabella P. , Bertelloni C.A. , Corsi M. , Massimetti G. , Conversano C. , Dell’Osso L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRescue emergency personnel is at high risk to develop PTSD due to possible extreme and repetitive exposition to “cruel details of traumatic events”.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore posttraumatic stress and subthreshold autism symptomatology and their impact on social and working functioning level among sub mariner of Italian Navy, who were employed in the Costa Concordia and Genova tower rescue operation.MethodsEighty-five subjects were enrolled and investigated by the following instruments: Trauma and Loss Spectrum Self-Report (TALS-SR), Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum) and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS).ResultsThe response rate was about 50%. Ninety-five percent of the subjects were employed in recovering corpses and 80% reported at least one rescue operation in the last three years. Full and partial DSM-5 PTSD rates were 8% and 27.5%, respectively. A strong correlation emerged between several TALS-SR and ADAS domain. Furthermore, TALS-SR domain scores were related to WSAS domain.ConclusionThis data showed rescue personnel to be at risk for post-traumatic stress spectrum and related work and social impairment. Further studies are needed to better investigate possible risk and resilience factors associated to PTSD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Deaths and Symbolic Use of Language: Semiotics and Thanatological Reading of the Film Nell
Authors: Färber S. , Färber M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPsychiatric disorders may become more severe when the subject is exposed to a hostile environment. Symptoms of mental malaise are expressed by the senses, including speech and language.MethodsThe method is used of semiotic analysis and thanatological movie.ObjectiveTo investigate the limit and death as a trigger of a singular mode of use of the spoken language. The problem presented in this paper is the linguistic system created by Nell.ResultsPartial results show that spoken language in this particular cut, becomes an instrument for dealing with the losses accumulated throughout his life. The life of isolation, restrictions on maternal vocalization, her mother's death and mourning acted as an inhibitor of language.ConclusionThe spoken language works like kaleidoscope of interactions of the individual with their group, with the medium in which it is inserted, with the set of beliefs that nourishes and with the world that she wants there, even if only in your intimate venue. Thus, demonstrating the sociolinguistic approach inalienable role in speech performance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Augmentation Effects of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Intervention in Pharmacotherapy-resistant PTSD
Authors: Park J.E. , Kim D. , Bae H. , Kim W.H. , Roh D. , Kim W. 
Published: June 2017

AimBoth trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy and antidepressant medication are regarded as the first line treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about sequential or combined efficacy of these two different treatment options. This prospective study examined the add-on efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy among adult civilians with PTSD who continued to be symptomatic after antidepressant treatment.MethodAdult patients with PTSD at a specialized trauma clinic who received treatment doses of antidepressants for more than 12 weeks were recruited; definition of symptomatic PTSD was a total score > 40 on the Clinician-administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). The CAPS and the global improvement from Clinical Global Impression (CGI) were rated prior to EMDR, after termination and six months follow-up.ResultsA total of 15 patients underwent an average of six sessions of EMDR and 7 (47%) of 15 no longer met the criteria for PTSD and 10 (67%) were given status of very much or much improved. The CAPS scores and significantly decreased after EMDR therapy (paired t = 7.38, df = 14, P < 0.0001).ConclusionThese results indicate that EMDR or trauma-focused CBT can be successfully added to those who failed to improve after initial pharmacotherapy for PTSD. Further studies are needed to explore the best sequence or components of therapies in the treatment of PTSD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychiatric Risk Assessment Scale (PRAS)
Authors: Shoka A. , Lazzari C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe aim of psychiatry is the prediction of risks.ObjectivesCreation of the Psychiatric Risk Assessment Scale (PRAS) (Table 1).AimsTo assess psychiatric inpatients for risk to self and others.MethodsThe PRAS comprises 20 risk items that rate five probabilities of occurrence: 0% (nil), 25% (low), 50% (moderate), 75% (high) and 100% (severe). Cut-off score indicates “moderate” risk = 50. The mathematical formulas for the risks are as follows:– severity of risk (SR) = average for the whole table multiplied by %;– number of significant risk events (NSRE) = count of risks scored from 50% to 100% divided by 20 (items);– probability of occurrence of risks (POR = NSRE%);– range probability of death (RPD) = range score of (overdose + suicide + reckless activities)%.Two raters assessed independently n = 8 patients. Kappa inter-rater statistic was used by dichotomous results (above-below cut-off score).ResultsInter-rater Kappa = 0.60 indicates a moderate inter-rater agreement. In the sample, only 2 patients scored above the cut-off score of 50, indicating a level of moderate-to-severe risk. For the other patients, the average SR = 36%, indicating low-to-moderate risk.ConclusionsPRAS is constantly used to assess the likelihood that the care provided to patients admitted to hospital is sufficient or whether major remedial action is required.Table 1Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The impact of emotional acknowledgement and self-esteem on resilience to family dysfunction
Authors: Fontaine C. , Connor C. , Channa S. , Palmer C. , Birchwood M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionFamily dysfunction can test the resilience of adolescents, specifically those from single parent families and those attending schools in more socio-economically challenged areas.ObjectivesTo determine what factors are associated with resilience for those from single parent families or attend schools in more socio-economically challenged areas.AimsTo examine the role of emotional regulation and self-esteem as putative resilience factors in the context of single parents status and socioeconomic disadvantage.MethodsSecondary school pupils from single and dual parent families aged 13 to 15 answered questionnaires at three time points on: emotional regulation, self-esteem, depression and anxiety. A total of 434 pupils took part at time 1, 574 at time 2, and 467 at time 3. The secondary schools were categorised into more and less disadvantaged schools.ResultsPositive self-esteem [F(1.205) = 54.568, P = 0.000; F(1.157) = 35.582, P = 0.000] and emotional regulation [F(1.205) = 46.925, P = 0.000; F(1.157) = 16.583, P = 0.000] were both associated with resilience against depression in adolescents from single parent families. Positive self-esteem [F(1,75) = 102.629, P = 0.000; F(1.355) = 60.555, P = 0.000] and emotional regulation [F(1.60) = 34.813, P = 0.000; F(1.73) = 36.891, P = 0.000] were both associated with resilience against depression in adolescents attending more socio-economically challenged areas.ConclusionsThis research suggests that adolescent resilience against depression may be promoted by improving self-esteem and emotional regulation. Therefore, future interventions could focus on boosting these resilience factors. Further resilience research could include emotional regulation and self-esteem as protective factors for resilience in adolescent mental health. As these variables have been identified, they can help find more pieces to the complex puzzle of resilience.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Promotion of mental health literacy and mental well-being in a Portuguese unemployed population sample: Effectiveness assessment of a capacity building community-based intersectoral intervention
Authors: Heitor dos Santos M.J. , Moreira S. , Dinis A. , Virgolino A. , Carreiras J. , Rosa R. , Ambrósio S. , Lopes E. , Fernandes T. , Santos O. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEconomic crises have consequences on labor market, with impacts on mental health (MH) and psychological well-being (PWB). We describe the effectiveness of an intervention among unemployed, performed within EEA Grants Healthy Employment project.ObjectivesEvaluate the effectiveness of an intervention for MH literacy, PWB and resilience among unemployed.AimsMH and PWB promotion, common mental disorders prevention and inequalities reduction linked to unemployment.MethodsA five modules intervention (life-work balance; impact of unemployment on PWB and MH; stigma; depression and anxiety; health promotion) distributed by 20 hours was developed based on literature reviews and a Delphi panel. It was delivered to unemployees from two public employment centers (PECs). Inclusion criteria: 18–65 years old; registration in PEC for less than a year; minimum of nine years of formal education. Control groups from the same PECs received the care-as-usual. Measures of psychological WB, MH self-reported symptoms, life satisfaction, resilience and mental health literacy were collected through an online survey before and one week after intervention.ResultsOverall, 87 unemployed participated, 48% allocated to the intervention group (IG); 56% women (21–64 years old), average education was 15 years. Mixed measures ANOVA showed that the interaction between time and group was significant for PWB and MH literacy measures. The IG showed better self-reported PWB and improved MH literacy after intervention, compared to controls. No significant interactions were found for MH symptoms, life satisfaction and resilience.ConclusionsThis study shows the contribution of short-term community-based interventions in increasing MH literacy and PWB among unemployed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Bridging the gap between clinical practice and research: The association for research in psychiatry
Authors: Mattei G. , Bursi S. , Bursi R. , Colantoni A. 
Published: June 2017

Clinical practice and research are frequently seen as two worlds apart, in psychiatry as in the vast majority of medical specialties. In order to bridge the gap between them, economic founds and grants are required, not always easy to obtain. In this contribution we report the birth of the Association for Research in Psychiatry (ARPSY) and its main activities. ARPSY was born in May 2016 thanks to a research prize assigned to dr. Giorgio Mattei by the eight Rotary Clubs of the Province of Modena, Italy (Rotary Club Modena, Mirandola, Carpi, Sassuolo, Vignola Castelfranco Bazzano, Frignano, Modena L.A. Muratori, Castelvetro di Modena Terra dei Rangoni, that altogether make up the so-called “Ghirlandina Group”). Aim of the association is to promote mental health among students and trainees, mental health professionals, patients and their families, and among the general population by means of fund raising, in order to finance research projects, clinical interventions and educational activities.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Correlations between medical students’ specialty choice and different attitudes towards mental illness
Authors: Pascucci M. , Stella E. , La Montagna M. , Di Sabatino D. , Nicastro R. , Grandinetti P. , Testa R. , Parente P. , Janiri L. , Pozzi G. , Ventriglio A. , Bellomo A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDiscrimination and stigmatization cause an important burden for people suffering from psychiatric disorders. The medical doctors, those who should be important reference points for psychiatric patients, are instead one of the categories that contribute to their stigmatization.ObjectivesIt is extremely important to study and to know the attitudes of undergraduate medical students towards psychiatric disorders, since these individuals will be involved in the care of these patients throughout their careers.AimsThe present study analyzes the attitudes of a group of Italian medical students towards mental illness, highlighting the differences between the students who would choose surgical specialties from those who prefer medical ones.MethodsA total of 339 medical students of different medical schools, in Rome and Foggia (Italy), completed a cross-sectional survey. The Italian version of community attitude towards the mentally Ill test (CAMI) was used to evaluate the students’ attitudes.ResultsThe students that would choose medical specialties reported less stigmatizing responses in 11 CAMI items (including five items with P < 0.01), in benevolence and community mental health ideology subscales (P = 0.003) and in the total score (P = 0.003).ConclusionsIt is evident that the students that prefer the surgical specialties have more stigmatizing attitudes towards psychiatric patients. Negative feedbacks on Psychiatry from non-psychiatrist colleagues may have a fundamental role in stigmatizing mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Inflammatory markers in mild cognitive impairment and anxiety disorders in middle-aged subjects with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Piotrovskaya V. , Neznanov N. 
Published: June 2017

Anxiety disorders are increasingly being associated with metabolic and cardiovascular burden, in contrast with depression; the role of inflammation in anxiety has sparsely been discussed. A number of reports of elevated inflammatory markers in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) suggest that inflammation may be a potential early marker of the pathological cascade associated with dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible association between peripheral blood concentrations of inflammatory factors in patients with MCI and mental processes such as, cognitive impairment and anxiety in obesity.Methods and resultsThe data collected from 271 patients with MetS according IDF criteria, (aged 30–60 years) have been analyzed. Lifetime diagnoses of depression (D), anxiety (A) was self-reported. Current D and A were confirmed by psychodiagnostic interview according to the criteria of ICD-10. All patients passed through: MMSE test, Wechsler memory scale, symbol coding and category Fluency test, scales HADS, HAM-A. Inflammatory markers included CRP, IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-α. Subjects were divided into group A–with D and/or A (139) and group B–without affective disorders (132). Using Mann–Whitney test significant connection between presence of MCI and high levels of inflammation is associated with simultaneous presence affective disorders. High correlations in subjects with A/D were between IL-6, IL-1 and MCI. In-group B, there was no significant correlations between inflammatory markers and MCI.ConclusionThere is link between affective disorders and levels of inflammatory markers. Increased levels of IL-6 and IL-1 provoke co-morbidity of MCI and depression or anxiety.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.