bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manganese oxide affects nitrification and N2O emissions in a subtropical paddy soil with variable water regimes
Authors: Xin X. P. , Wright A. L. , He Z. L. , Jiang X. J. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryCrop management‐induced redox cycles lead to the formation of distinct soil layers that characterize manganese (Mn) distribution or redistribution in rice (Oryza sativa L.) based ecosystems. We studied the effect of Mn oxides on soil nitrification and N2O emissions to validate the hypothesis that Mn oxides affect the soil's nitrification and denitrification processes. Subtropical paddy soil with three different water regimes (50, 100 and 200% of soil water‐holding capacity (WHC)) was treated with 3% birnessite (Mn oxide) or left untreated. The nitrification process was simulated with zero‐ or first‐order kinetic models and N2O emissions were also measured. The maximum net rates of soil nitrification (Va1) decreased significantly with increasing soil moisture contents (F = 184.8; P < 0.001), and so did the average net rates of soil nitrification (Va2) (F = 6.96; P = 0.008). Manganese oxide significantly decreased Va1 (F = 474.7; P < 0.001), whereas it had no significant effects on Va2 (F = 0.26; P = 0.62). Manganese oxide changed the best fitting nitrification kinetic model from first‐ to zero‐order for both 50 and 200% WHC, but it had no effect at 100% WHC. The maximum rates of emission of N2O significantly increased with increasing soil water contents (F = 15 007; P < 0.001). Manganese oxide retarded the maximum rate of N2O emission at 100% WHC, whereas it depressed the rate from 1084 to 225 μg N kg−1 day−1 at 200% WHC (F = 7494; P < 0.001). The results indicate that the effects of Mn oxide on regulating nitrification and N2O emissions are associated with water regime‐dictated redox potential, and might have important implications for regulating N cycling in rice‐based ecosystems.Highlights

Effect of manganese oxide on nitrification and denitrification in a paddy soil.
Mn oxide retarded nitrification in oxic conditions and enhanced it in anoxic conditions.
Mn oxide decreased rate of emission of nitrous oxide in anoxic conditions.
Manganese oxide might be able to regulate N cycling in rice paddy soil.
Pedotransfer functions for predicting organic carbon in subsurface horizons ofEuropean soils
Authors: Fernández‐Ugalde O. , Tóth G. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThere is an increasing demand for information on organic carbon (OC) in subsurface horizons, because subsurface horizons down to the bedrock can contribute to more than half of soil carbon stocks. In this study, we developed pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for predictingOCcontent in subsurface horizons ofEuropean soils. We used a dataset with a wide geographical coverage inEurope. The dataset was stratified sequentially into land‐cover and soil categories. For each category,PTFs were developed by multiple linear regression with the main soil and climatic factors of soilOCstorage as predictor variables:OCin topsoil (0–20 cm), depth of subsurface horizons, texture and bulk density (BD) in subsurface horizons, and mean annual temperature and precipitation. Three land‐cover categories were separated: woodland, a combined category of grassland and non‐permanent arable land, and permanent arable land. For the combined land‐cover category, two soil categories were identified: (i) soils with clay‐rich subsoil and soils with little horizon development and (ii) organic‐rich soils and soils rich inFe andAl compounds. The adjustedR2of allPTFs was above 0.62. WhenPTFs were applied to independent data, the adjustedR2was above 0.51 for all of them. ThePTFs showed good prediction ability, with root mean square error (RMSE) values between 2.43 and 13.82 g C kg−1soil. The adjustedR2andRMSEofPTFs were better whenBDwas used as a predictor variable. ThePTFs could be implemented easily for applications at the continental scale inEurope.HighlightsA methodology to fitPTFs for predictingOCin subsurface horizons ofEuropean soils.PTFs were fitted byMLRAwithOCin topsoil, depth, texture,BDand climatic data.Our method validated grouping soil profiles in land cover and soil categories to developPTFs.Bulk density improved the quality of fit and prediction ability of thePTFs of each category.
Time‐dependent effects of tongue cleaning with mouthwash or mouth moisturising gel on the number of microbes on the tongue surface of elders with care needs
Authors: Tajima Sayaka , Ryu Masahiro , Ogami Koichiro , Ueda Takayuki , Sakurai Kaoru 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate time‐dependent change in the number of microbes on the tongue surface after tongue cleaning using a mouthwash or mouth moisturising gel for elders fed with a feeding tube and with care needs.Materials and methodsTwelve elders fed through a feeding tube and with care needs participated in this prospective crossover study. There were four kinds of tongue cleaning modes as follows: (i) tongue cleaning with a mouthwash; (ii) tongue cleaning with a mouth moisturising gel; (iii) tongue cleaning with water; (iv) no tongue cleaning as a negative control. The total number of microbes on the tongue surface was measured using a rapid oral bacteria detection device at baseline, immediately after cleaning, and at 1, 3 and 5 hours after cleaning to evaluate the time‐dependent change for each tongue cleaning mode.ResultsThere were no significant differences regarding microbial count on every measurement in negative control and tongue cleaning with water. There were significant decreases immediately after cleaning, and at 1, 3 and 5 hours after cleaning compared to baseline when the tongue was cleaned with a mouthwash. There was a significant decrease between baseline and immediately after cleaning when the tongue was cleaned with a mouth moisturising gel.ConclusionTongue cleaning with mouth moisturising gel decreased the number of microbes on the tongue surface immediately after cleaning, and tongue cleaning with mouthwash decreased it for 5 hours.
A pilot study on the feasibility of training nurses to formulate multicomponent oral health interventions in a residential aged care facility
Authors: Deutsch Alan , Siegel Emma , Cations Monica , Wright Clive , Naganathan Vasi , Brodaty Henry 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesThis 10 weeks feasibility study investigated whether residential care nurses with 12 hours advanced oral health training in assessments and saliva testing could formulate, implement and monitor individualised oral care plans of early dementia residents.MethodFour trained lead advocate nurses using SXI‐D, OHIP14, oral health assessment tool (OHAT) assessments and a modified saliva test formulated nurse scheduled comprehensive oral care plans (NSCOCPs) by selecting and scheduling preventive products and procedures multiple times throughout the day to alkalise the mouth of 8 residents as an adjunct to assisted brushing and high‐fluoride toothpaste.ResultsNurse assessments, saliva tests and care plans were validated against oral health therapist (OHT) findings. Care plan agreement between Nurse and OHT intervention selection and scheduling was high (75%‐88%). Untrained nurse compliance was very high, 86%‐99% for the 4930 scheduled interventions. Untrained nurses delivered multiple scheduled interventions by following NSCOCPs despite initially not understanding the reason for each of 9 interventions categories. NSCOCPs could track and monitor whether a recommended intervention had been completed by general nursing staff over 3 nursing shifts.ConclusionThe role of nurses may have to be expanded beyond traditional roles to meet the growth and changes in oral health needs in residential facilities. Intensive training of a few lead advocate nurses to assess risk and formulate individualised NSCOCPs provides a method to transfer knowledge to untrained staff and deliver multicomponent preventive interventions soon after entry into residential care where timely visits by dental professionals to examine residents and prescribe preventive interventions are infrequent or unlikely.
Serum sodium level within the normal range is associated with maximum voluntary tongue pressure against the palate among community‐dwelling older Japanese men
Authors: Shimizu Yuji , Sato Shimpei , Koyamatsu Jun , Yamanashi Hirotomo , Higashi Miho , Nagayoshi Mako , Kadota Koichiro , Kawashiri Shin‐Ya , Takamura Noboru , Maeda Takahiro 
Published: August 2017

AimRecent geriatric studies have focused on maximum voluntary tongue pressure against the palate (MTP) as a diagnostic value for dysphagia, as dysphagia causes aspiration pneumonia. Dysphagia can also cause water intake difficulties, resulting in hypernatremia by indicating the presence of hyperosmotic dehydration. However, no studies have reported on a possible association between reduced MTP and serum sodium levels.MethodsTo evaluate hyperosmotic dehydration within the normal range as an indicator of reduced MTP, we carried out a cross‐sectional study of 655 older Japanese community‐dwelling men (age ≥60 years) who undertook a general health check‐up from 2015 to 2016. As a high concentration of glucose influences serum osmolarity, which might act as a strong confounding factor on this association, the additional analysis was limited to individuals without diabetes. Reduced MTP is defined as a tongue pressure at or under the 20th percentile of the study population (≤24.0 kPa).ResultsIndependent of classical cardiovascular risk factors, the adjusted odds ratio of reduced MTP for a 1‐standard deviation increment of serum sodium (2.21 mEq/L) was 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.10–1.52). When the analysis was limited to individuals without diabetes, the association became slightly stronger, with an adjusted corresponding value of 1.59 (95% confidence interval 1.21–2.10).ConclusionsSerum sodium level within the normal range is independently associated with reduced MTP in older Japanese men. This finding suggests that measuring the MTP is clinically relevant for estimating the pathophysiological values (such as dysphagia risks and aspiration pneumonia risks) in daily clinical practice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 183–186.
Radionuclide synovectomy/synoviorthesis (RS) in patients with bleeding disorders: A review of patient and procedure demographics and functional outcomes in the ATHNdataset
Authors: McGuinn C. , Cheng D. , Aschman D. , Carpenter S. L. , Sidonio R. , Soni A. , Tarantino M. D. , Wheeler A. P. , Dunn A. L. ,   ATHN3 Working Group
Published: August 2017

IntroductionRadionuclide synovectomy/synoviorthesis (RS) to manage proliferative synovitis in persons with bleeding disorders has been utilized for decades; however, aggregate US results are limited.AimTo determine the prevalence of RS utilization, patient and procedure related demographics and functional outcomes in United States haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs). The ATHNdataset includes US patients with bleeding disorders who have authorized the sharing of their demographic and clinical information for research.MethodsWe performed a multi‐institutional, observational cohort study utilizing this dataset through 2010. Cases treated with RS procedure were compared to controls within the dataset. Standard template for data collection included patient and procedure related demographics as well as functional outcomes including range of motion (ROM) of the affected joint. Normative age‐ and sex‐matched control ROM was obtained from published data.ResultsIn the ATHNdataset there were 19 539 control‐patients and 196 case‐patients treated with RS. Patients with severe haemophilia were more likely to have had RS compared to those with mild/moderate haemophilia, although the proportion of RS performed was similar between severe HA and HB. Inhibitory antibodies, HIV and hepatitis C infection were significantly more common in cases. There were 362 RS procedures captured with 94 cases having >1 RS procedures.ConclusionsRight‐sided joint procedures were more prevalent than left‐sided procedures. Overall, case‐patients had worse joint ROM compared to control‐patients and published normative values. Geographically, there was regional variation in RS utilization, as the Southeast region had the largest percent of case‐patients.
Pension reforms in EU11 countries: An evaluation of post‐socialist pension policies
Authors: Domonkos Stefan , Simonovits András 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article evaluates the pension policy pathways of the 11 former state socialist nations that have joined the European Union since 2004. Focusing primarily on the post‐2004 period, the analysis discusses the most important measurable outcomes of these countries’ pension reforms, in terms of poverty alleviation, pension adequacy and fiscal sustainability. Going beyond the quantifiable concepts, we also investigate the quality of the 11 countries’ pension systems in terms of equity as well as efficiency, emphasizing the less conspicuous design errors present in these systems. Although these errors have received little attention to date, they may harm pension schemes along several dimensions, including their fiscal sustainability.
PLURALISM, LIBERALISM, AND THE ROLE OF OVERRIDING VALUES
Authors: Lawrence Matthew 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:While it is often thought that pluralism is best accommodated by a liberal state, John Kekes has recently argued that pluralism and liberalism involve inconsistent commitments. He maintains that liberalism is committed to the idea that one or more of the “liberal values” must override all other values, while pluralism is committed to the idea that there are no overriding values whatsoever. In this paper I challenge Kekes' position by arguing that ethical pluralism does not require an absence of overriding values, and that liberalism does not require that one or more of the liberal values must override all others.
ONE FALSE VIRTUE OF RULE CONSEQUENTIALISM, AND ONE NEW VICE
Authors: Mulgan Tim 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:A common objection to Act Consequentialism (AC) is that it makes unreasonable demands on moral agents. Rule Consequentialism (RC) is often presented as a less demanding alternative. It is argued that this alleged virtue of RC is false, as RC will not be any less demanding in practice than AC. It is then demonstrated that RC has an additional (hitherto unnoticed) vice, as it relies upon the undefended simplifying assumption that the best possible consequences would arise in a society in which everyone followed the same rules. Once this “Homogeneity Assumption” is rejected, RC is unable to provide a workable alternative to AC.
Molecular dynamics study of correlations between IR peak position and bond parameters of silica and silicate glasses: Effects of temperature and stress
Authors: Luo Jiawei , Zhou Yuxing , Milner Scott T. , Pantano Carlo G. , Kim Seong H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the IR spectra of the silica and silicate glasses, the shifts of the maximum intensity position of the νSi–O–Si,as band upon heating or applying mechanical stress could be attributed to changes in the distribution of bond parameters such as bond length and bond angle. Upon heating, isotropic expansion occurs and the density changes; upon applying mechanical stress, anisotropic strain is induced and a significant change in the Si–O–Si bond angle is observed. From molecular dynamics simulations of a silica glass, we show that the peak position shift correlates better with the asymmetric change in the Si–O bond length distribution, rather than the Si–O–Si bridge angle, the O–Si–O tetrahedral angle, or the density change. This new finding provides an insight into how and why the νSi–O–Si,as IR peak of soda lime silica (SLS) glass shifts upon chemical strengthening via ion exchange and thermal tempering.
Periodontal manifestations of Ehlers–Danlos syndromes: A systematic review
Authors: Kapferer‐Seebacher Ines , Lundberg Pernilla , Malfait Franziska , Zschocke Johannes 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimEhlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of inherited connective tissue disorders, characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue fragility. Periodontal EDS (pEDS) is a specific EDS subtype caused by heterozygous mutations in complement 1 subunit genes C1R and C1S, with early severe periodontitis as predominant clinical feature. We aimed to systematically assess the spectrum of periodontal abnormalities in all EDS subtypes.Materials and MethodsAn electronic and manual search was conducted in three databases (Medline, LIVIVO, CENTRAL). Publications of all study designs written in English/German without date restriction evaluating periodontal features in EDS were included.ResultsThirty articles on pEDS and thirteen articles on other EDS subtypes were analysed. In pEDS, early severe periodontitis (98.4%) and gingival recession (87.1%) are the predominant features. Reports on periodontal manifestations in other EDS subtypes are rare. Described were severe gingival enlargement in dermatosparaxis EDS, and localized periodontal breakdown related to teeth with shortened roots in classical EDS (n = 3, respectively).ConclusionEarly severe periodontitis is the hallmark of pEDS; there is no evidence that it is part of the clinical phenotype of other EDS subtypes. Stringent analyses of periodontal manifestations in most EDS subtypes are missing. Prospero registration number CRD42017056889.
Efficacy and safety of once‐weekly oral trelagliptin switched from once‐daily dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An open‐label, phase 3 exploratory study
Authors: Inagaki Nobuya , Sano Hiroki , Seki Yoshifumi , Kuroda Shingo , Kaku Kohei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionTrelagliptin, a novel once‐weekly oral dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor, has shown favorable efficacy and safety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Trelagliptin was launched in Japan, and is expected to be initially used for switchover from a daily DPP‐4 inhibitor in the clinical setting. Thus, the present study was carried out to explore the efficacy and safety of trelagliptin after a daily DPP‐4 inhibitor was switched to it.Materials and MethodsThis was an open‐label, phase 3 exploratory study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of trelagliptin in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who had stable glycemic control on once‐daily sitagliptin therapy. Eligible patients received trelagliptin 100 mg orally before breakfast once a week for 12 weeks. The primary end‐point was blood glucose by the meal tolerance test, and additional end‐points were glycemic control (efficacy) and safety.ResultsAltogether, 14 patients received the study drug. The blood glucose did not markedly change from baseline at major assessment points in the meal tolerance test, and a decrease in blood glucose was observed at several other assessment points. Adverse events were reported in 42.9% (6/14) of patients, but all adverse events were mild or moderate in severity, and most were not related to the study drug. No cases of death, serious adverse events or hypoglycemia were reported.DiscussionIt is considered possible to switch a once‐daily DPP‐4 inhibitor to trelagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with stable glycemic control in combination with diet and exercise therapy without any major influences on glycemic control or safety.
Detection of Herpesvirus anguillae (AngHV‐1) in European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) originating from northern Poland—assessment of suitability of selected diagnostic methods
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Thuc , Jin Yeonhwa , Kiełpińska Jolanta , Bergmann Sven M. , Lenk Matthias , Panicz Remigiusz 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Community Action Plan requests EU member states to implement measures that ensure the recovery of the severely depleted European eel stocks. One of the main threats is posed by Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV‐1) leading to increased mortality in both wild and farmed eels. Following recommendations of the OIE to minimize the risk of obtaining false‐negative results, the main aim of the study was to optimize diagnostic methods for AngHV‐1 detection using conventional PCR, nested PCR and in situ hybridization assay. While 53.3% of the individual organ samples were tested positive for AngHV‐1 by PCR, the additional virus analysis via nested PCR revealed that the actual prevalence was 93.3%. In the cell cultivation passages, a cytopathic effect was hardly found in the first two rounds. In the third passage onto cell cultures, a lytic CPE was detected. The identification and confirmation of the viruses obtained from cell cultures as well as directly from the organ tissues were proceeded by PCR, nested PCR and sequencing of the PCR products. While no positive signal was detectable in the first round by PCR using samples from the third cell culture passages, the nested PCR provided weak but visible positive signals.
First description of a mortality event in adult Pacific oysters in Italy associated with infection by a Tenacibaculum soleae strain
Authors: Burioli E A V , Varello K , Trancart S , Bozzetta E , Gorla A , Prearo M , Houssin M 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSummer mortality episodes in adult Pacific oysters have been described since the 1950s in various farming areas. Starting in 2012, a recrudescence of mortalities in commercial‐sized oysters was first observed in France and then in Italy, with seasonality extension and translation later in the year. Moribund individuals collected during an event in Italy in December 2014 showed yellowish lesions of the mantle and adductor muscle. Histological examination revealed filamentous bacteria associated with necrotic areas. Quantitative PCRs targeting OsHV‐1 and Vibrio aestuarianus detected only high loads of the pathogenic bacteria in tissues of symptomatic individuals. A lower diversity of the hemolymph microbiota was also evidenced in moribund individuals, with a predominance of Vibrio and Arcobacter species. A strain of Flavobacteriaceae was isolated from all the symptomatic individuals. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene identified the strain as Tenacibaculum soleae. When strain pathogenicity was tested by injection in adult individuals, it induced mortality rates of up to 45%, even in the absence of V. aestuarianus. As mortality occurred only 11 days post‐infection, further investigation is needed to determine its effective virulence in natural conditions. This is the first description of a Tenacibaculum strain associated with bivalve mortalities.