bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental Pathologic Associations With Morbidly Adherent Placenta
Authors: Ernst Linda M , Linn Rebecca L , Minturn Lucy , Miller Emily S 
Published: August 2017

Background The pathology that underlies morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to describe the placental pathology, especially implantation site pathology, associated with MAP. Methods This was a single institution, retrospective case-control study design examining placentas of patients who delivered between January 2008 and September 2013. MAP cases were defined by the need for clinical intervention at delivery beyond spontaneous placental delivery or simple manual extraction of the placenta. Controls consisted of patients with placentas sent for examination due to a history of maternal malignancy with no clinical suspicion of accreta. Placental pathologic findings of maternal vascular underperfusion (MVU), acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, fetal vascular obstruction, and hemorrhage were recorded and compared using bivariable and multivariable analyses. Results Three categories of pathologic changes were seen more commonly in MAP placentas (N = 101) than control placentas (N = 110): chronic basal inflammation, villous changes of MVU, and retromembranous and subchorionic/intervillous hemorrhage. In multivariable analyses adjusted for confounders, basal chronic villitis (aOR 5.6, 1.73–18.18), plasma cell deciduitis (aOR 2.63, 1.08–6.39), increased syncytial knots (aOR 3.92, 1.57–9.75), villous agglutination (aOR 24.85, 2.78–221.75), increased perivillous fibrin (aOR 5.08, 1.49–17.34), and the presence of subchorionic/intervillous thrombi (aOR 4.01, 1.63–9.86) remained associated with MAP. Conclusions MAP is highly associated with evidence of intraparenchymal placental hemorrhage, villous changes of MVU, and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate at the implantation site. The contribution of this basal chronic inflammatory infiltrate to MAP requires further investigation.
Modifiable risk factors associated with bronchiolitis
Authors: Nenna Raffaella , Cutrera Renato , Frassanito Antonella , Alessandroni Claudia , Nicolai Ambra , Cangiano Giulia , Petrarca Laura , Arima Serena , Caggiano Serena , Ullmann Nicola , Papoff Paola , Bonci Enea , Moretti Corrado , Midulla Fabio 
Published: August 2017

Background: We sought to clarify possibly modifiable risk factors related to pollution responsible for acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants. Methods: For this observational study, we recruited 213 consecutive infants with bronchiolitis (cases: median age: 2 months; age range: 0.5–12 months; boys: 55.4%) and 213 children aged <3 years (controls: median age: 12 months; age range: 0.5–36 months; boys: 54.5%) with a negative medical history for lower respiratory tract diseases hospitalized at ‘Sapienza’ University Rome and IRCCS Bambino Gesù Hospital. Infants’ parents completed a standardized 53-item questionnaire seeking information on social-demographic and clinical characteristics, indoor pollution, eating habits and outdoor air pollution. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were run to assess the independent effect of risk factors, accounting for confounders and effect modifiers. Results: In the 213 hospitalized infants the questionnaire identified the following risk factors for acute bronchiolitis: breastfeeding ⩾3 months (OR: 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–3.6), presence of older siblings (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.7–4.7), ⩾4 cohabitants (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–2.1), and using seed oil for cooking (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.6). Having renovated their home in the past 12 months and concurrently being exposed daily to smoking, involving more than 11 cigarettes and two or more smoking cohabitants, were more frequent factors in cases than in controls ( p = 0.021 and 0.05), whereas self-estimated proximity to road and traffic was similar in the two groups. Conclusions: We identified several risk factors for acute bronchiolitis related to indoor and outdoor pollution, including inhaling cooking oil fumes. Having this information would help public health authorities draw up effective preventive measures – for example, teach mothers to avoid handling their child when they have a cold and eliminate exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke.
Current trends in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an internet-based survey
Authors: Ahmad Abd Alrahman , Alhunaidi Omar , Aziz Mohamed , Omar Mohamed , Al-Kandari Ahmed M. , El-Nahas Ahmed , El-Shazly Mohamed 
Published: August 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to report current practices of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) among endourologists. Methods: An internet survey was administered to Endourological Society members. Responders were distributed into three groups according to the number of PCNL cases per year (<50, 50–100, >100). PCNL technical details as well as opinions regarding specific clinical case scenarios were evaluated and compared between groups. Results: We received 300 responses from 47 different countries. Prone position was used in 77% of cases, while 16% used supine position and only 7% used modified lateral decubitus. Most endourologists performed their own access. There were no significant differences between the three groups regarding patient position ( p = 0.1), puncture acquisition by urologist or radiologist ( p = 0.2) and fluoroscopic puncture technique ( p = 0.2). Endourologists with high annual PCNL practice (>100) had least probability to utilize nephrostomy tube ( p = 0.0005) or use balloon dilator ( p = 0.0001). They also had the highest probability of performing mini-PERC ( p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The majority of endourologists performing PCNL obtain their own access. Prone positioning is predominant, while totally tubeless PCNL are uncommon. Mini-PERC is gaining more popularity among endourologists. Most endourologists follow the guidelines for their choice of treatment modality in different sizes and locations of upper tract calculi.
Viability and Tissue Quality of Cartilage Flaps From Patients With Femoroacetabular Hip Impingement: A Matched-Control Comparison
Authors: Rodriguez-Fontan Francisco , Payne Karin A. , Chahla Jorge , Mei-Dan Omer , Richards Abigail , Uchida Soshi , Pascual-Garrido Cecilia 
Published: August 2017

Background: Chondrolabral damage is commonly observed in patients with cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Chondral flap reattachment has recently been proposed as a possible preservation technique. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the viability and tissue quality of chondral flaps from patients with FAI at the time of arthroscopy. It was hypothesized that chondral flaps from patients with cam lesions of the hip would exhibit less viability and greater tissue degeneration than would those of a matched control group. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Patients with cam-type FAI who were treated with hip arthroscopy between 2014 and 2016 were asked to participate in this study. The cartilage lesions were localized and classified intraoperatively according to Beck classification. A chondral flap (study group) and a cartilage sample (control group) were obtained from each patient for histologic evaluation. Cellular viability and tissue quality were examined and compared in both groups. Cellular viability was determined with live/dead staining, and tissue quality was evaluated using safranin O/fast green, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and immunohistochemistry for collagen II. Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) grading was used for quality assessment, and Image J software was used to calculate the percentage of tissue viability and Col II stain. Results: A total of 10 male patients with a mean age of 38.4 years (range, 30-55 years) were enrolled. All chondral flaps were classified as Beck grade 4. The mean cellular viability of the chondral flaps was reduced (54.6% ± 25.6%), and they were found to be degenerated (OARSI grade, 4 ± 1.27). Control samples also had reduced viability (38.8% ± 30.3%) and were degenerative (OARSI grade, 3.5 ± 1.38). There was no statistically significant intergroup difference for viability ( P = .203) or OARSI grade ( P = .645), nor was there an intragroup correlation between viability and OARSI grade ( P > .05). A significant negative correlation ( r = −0.9, P = .035) was found between OARSI grade and collagen II percentage scale in 5 selected samples. Conclusion: Despite appearing normal macroscopically, the chondral flaps from patients with cam-type FAI displayed loss of viability and tissue degeneration. In addition, control samples obtained away from the injury area also displayed cartilage damage and degeneration. Careful consideration should be taken when attempting to reattach the chondral flap.
Risk Factors for Elevated Intraocular Pressure on First Day Postoperative Review Following Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Rahman Rubina , Marler Jonathan , Stephenson John , Gillibrand Warren 
Published: August 2017

Purpose: To assess the relationship between day 1 postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and patient demographic information, indication for vitrectomy, lens status, tamponade medium (air, perfluoroethane, sulfur hexafluoride), and laser treatment. Methods: A prospective observational study of all patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) by a single surgeon within 1 case study. All patients had IOP recorded 1 day after surgery. None of the patients had postoperative antiglaucoma medications. All patients undergoing PPV were previously pseudophakic or underwent combined surgery. Results: Of a final cohort of 161 patients, 6% had raised IOP (defined as >30 mm Hg). A parsimonious regression model showed no strong correlation between raised IOP and type of gas tamponade ( P = .028 for C2F6, P = .067 for SF6, air was the reference category) and a moderate association with the number of laser burns ( P = .067). Conclusion: The use of gas tamponade, in particular C2F6, does not constitute justification for pre/postoperative antiglaucoma prophylactic treatment. In addition, we postulate that careful consideration should be given to the frequency of laser burns during PPV.
Neocortical Sox9+ radial glia generate glutamatergic neurons for all layers, but lack discernible evidence of early laminar fate restriction
Authors: Kaplan E. S. , Ramos-Laguna K. A. , Mihalas A. B. , Daza R. A. M. , Hevner R. F. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Glutamatergic neurons in the cerebral cortex are derived from embryonic neural stem cells known as radial glial progenitors (RGPs). Early RGPs, present at the onset of cortical neurogenesis, are classically thought to produce columnar clones of glutamatergic neurons spanning the cortical layers. Recently, however, it has been reported that a subset of early RGPs may undergo early commitment to upper layer neuron fates, thus bypassing genesis of deep layer neurons. However, the latter mode of early RGP differentiation was not confirmed in some other studies, and remains controversial. To further investigate the clonal output from early RGPs, we employed genetic lineage tracing driven by Sox9, a transcription factor gene that is expressed in all early RGPs. We found that early RGPs produced columnar clones spanning all cortical layers, with no evidence of significant laminar fate restriction. These data support the classic progressive restriction model of cortical neurogenesis, and suggest that early RGPs do not undergo early commitment to only upper or lower layer fates.
Galectin-8 activates dendritic cells and stimulates antigen-specific immune response elicitation
Authors: Carabelli Julieta , Quattrocchi Valeria , D'Antuono Alejandra , Zamorano Patricia , Tribulatti María Virginia , Campetella Oscar 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a mammalian β-galactoside-binding lectin, endowed with proinflammatory properties. Given its capacity to enhance antigen-specific immune responses in vivo, we investigated whether Gal-8 was also able to promote APC activation to sustain T cell activation after priming. Both endogenous [dendritic cells (DCs)] and bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) treated with exogenous Gal-8 exhibited a mature phenotype characterized by increased MHC class II (MHCII), CD80, and CD86 surface expression. Moreover, Gal-8-treated BMDCs (Gal-8–BMDCs) stimulated antigen-specific T cells more efficiently than immature BMDCs (iBMDCs). Proinflammatory cytokines IL-3, IL-2, IL-6, TNF, MCP-1, and MCP-5, as well as growth factor G-CSF, were augmented in Gal-8–BMDC conditioned media, with IL-6 as the most prominent. Remarkably, BMDCs from Gal-8-deficient mice (Lgals8−/− BMDC) displayed reduced CD86 and IL-6 expression and an impaired ability to promote antigen-specific CD4 T cell activation. To test if Gal-8-induced activation correlates with the elicitation of an effective immune response, soluble Gal-8 was coadministrated with antigen during immunization of BALB/cJ mice in the experimental foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) model. When a single dose of Gal-8 was added to the antigen formulation, an increased specific and neutralizing humoral response was developed, sufficient to enhance animal protection upon viral challenge. IL-6 and IFN-γ, as well as lymphoproliferative responses, were also incremented in Gal-8/antigen-immunized animals only at 48 h after immunization, suggesting that Gal-8 induces the elicitation of an inflammatory response at an early stage. Taking together, these findings argue in favor of the use of Gal-8 as an immune-stimulator molecule to enhance the adaptive immune response.
Irving’s Columbus and Hemispheric American History
Authors: Wingate Jordan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMy essay traces the influence of the Spanish American revolutions (1808–26) on Washington Irving’s early nineteenth-century writings and, in particular, on his popular 1828 biography of Christopher Columbus. Irving’s conception of America as a multinational hemisphere comprised of nation-states with entangled nationalist rhetorics and narratives—including Columbus’s “discovery”—underwrites the biography’s unprecedented critiques of nationalist historiography. Examining the politics motivating this work offers new insights for discussions of the textual morphologies of nineteenth-century nationalist thought.
“A form of life in which art is not art”: “Life in the Iron Mills” and the Artist as Worker in the Nineteenth-Century United States
Authors: Tomc Sandra 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis essay examines early nineteenth-century US literature that fought for increased compensation and copyright protection for authors. Instead of dismissing this literature as a form of complaint, as many scholars do, I take writers’ concerns seriously, but I also look at the difficulty even professional writers faced in mounting any kind of case for themselves as paid creative personnel. Even when writers made a rational argument to explain why they should be paid more, they tended to undermine themselves, invariably intimating that writers as a group were better off impoverished. These difficulties, I argue, arose not just from the systems of industrial publishing but also from the systems of political value instituted by art in what Jacques Rancière calls the “aesthetic regime.” I pursue this hypothesis by examining contemporary texts that argue for authors’ rights alongside Rebecca Harding Davis’s tale of tragic artistic labor, “Life in the Iron Mills.”
Parasite-altered feeding behavior in insects: integrating functional and mechanistic research frontiers
Authors: Bernardo Melissa A. , Singer Michael S. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTResearch on parasite-altered feeding behavior in insects is contributing to an emerging literature that considers possible adaptive consequences of altered feeding behavior for the host or the parasite. Several recent ecoimmunological studies show that insects can adaptively alter their foraging behavior in response to parasitism. Another body of recent work shows that infection by parasites can change the behavior of insect hosts to benefit the parasite; manipulations of host feeding behavior may be part of this phenomenon. Here, we address both the functional and the underlying physiological frontiers of parasite-altered feeding behavior in order to spur research that better integrates the two. Functional categories of parasite-altered behavior that are adaptive for the host include prophylaxis, therapy and compensation, while host manipulation is adaptive for the parasite. To better understand and distinguish prophylaxis, therapy and compensation, further study of physiological feedbacks affecting host sensory systems is especially needed. For host manipulation in particular, research on mechanisms by which parasites control host feedbacks will be important to integrate with functional approaches. We see this integration as critical to advancing the field of parasite-altered feeding behavior, which may be common in insects and consequential for human and environmental health.
Determining the behavioural dose–response relationship of marine mammals to air gun noise and source proximity
Authors: Dunlop Rebecca A. , Noad Michael J. , McCauley Robert D. , Scott-Hayward Lindsay , Kniest Eric , Slade Robert , Paton David , Cato Douglas H. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
The effect of various anthropogenic sources of noise (e.g. sonar, seismic surveys) on the behaviour of marine mammals is sometimes quantified as a dose–response relationship, where the probability of an animal behaviourally ‘responding’ (e.g. avoiding the source) increases with ‘dose’ (or received level of noise). To do this, however, requires a definition of a ‘significant’ response (avoidance), which can be difficult to quantify. There is also the potential that the animal ‘avoids’ not only the source of noise but also the vessel operating the source, complicating the relationship. The proximity of the source is an important variable to consider in the response, yet difficult to account for given that received level and proximity are highly correlated. This study used the behavioural response of humpback whales to noise from two different air gun arrays (20 and 140 cubic inch air gun array) to determine whether a dose–response relationship existed. To do this, a measure of avoidance of the source was developed, and the magnitude (rather than probability) of this response was tested against dose. The proximity to the source, and the vessel itself, was included within the one-analysis model. Humpback whales were more likely to avoid the air gun arrays (but not the controls) within 3 km of the source at levels over 140 re. 1 µPa2 s−1, meaning that both the proximity and the received level were important factors and the relationship between dose (received level) and response is not a simple one.
El turismo ante el reto de peligros naturales recurrentes: una visión desde Cancún
Authors: Babinger Frank 
Published: August 2017

Este artículo analiza la dualidad existente entre el desarrollo económico basado en la actividad turística y las repercusiones de su ocupación territorial a expensas de un medio ambiente que engloba unos peligros naturales determinados. La transformación de los espacios costeros al ser ocupados por el turismo, es uno de los graves problemas que no se tienen en cuenta a la hora de planificar la actividad. Cancún es un modelo paradigmático en el cual un crecimiento explosivo de turistas, habitantes y construcciones turísticas ha llevado a la masiva ocupación de un espacio costero afectado histórica y actualmente por tormentas tropicales y huracanes. De ello resulta un claro aumento de la exposición al riesgo y de la vulnerabilidad. Esta colonización espacial por el turismo y los impactos de los huracanes tienen repercusiones directas sobre los establecimientos hoteleros y las urbanizaciones turísticas que ponen en entredicho el mantenimiento de la actividad turística en un futuro.
Multidisciplinary Management of Disorders of Sex Development in Indonesia, A Prototype in Developing Country
Authors: Listyasari Nurin Aisyiyah , Santosa Ardy , Juniarto Achmad Zulfa , Faradz Sultana MH 
Published: August 2017

Background : Disorder of sex development (DSD) patients require comprehensive management to improve quality of life. A standardized management protocol for patients in Indonesia is not yet available resulting in patients infrequently received a proper diagnosis. This study reported a multidisciplinary management DSD in Indonesia based on minimal diagnostic facilities and expertise in developing country.Objectives : The purpose of the study is to review the management of DSD patients in Indonesia relates to providing appropriate gender assignment and to improving patients quality of life.Methodology : We analyzed the records of DSD patient admitted to the division of Human Genetics Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR) Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia from May 2004 - December 2015. Data were collected and analyzed for physical examination, family pedigree karyotyping, hormonal assays and psychosocial. Other examination such as ultrasonography, Xray and Cytoscopy were also recorded for selected cases. Bimonthly, Sexual Adjustment Team (SAT) meeting was recorded.Results : From the total 617 DSD cases we found 426 cases (69,04 %) with 46, XY DSD, 117 cases (18,96%) with 46,XX DSD and 74 cases (12%) with sex chromosome DSD. Most of the patients in the group of 46, XY DSD are Unknown Male Undervirilization (UMU) with 256 cases (60.09%). As the majority cases of 46, XX DSD was Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia with 81 cases (69.23%). The remaining cases were Androgen Action Disorder (AAD) with 140 cases (32.86%), 46, XY DSD Gonadal Dysgenesis with 30 cases (7.04%), Androgen Excess Disorders with 3 cases (2.56%), Defect of Mullerian Development with 19 cases (16,24%), 3 cases (2.56%) of Androgen Excess and 3 cases (2.56%) of 46, XX Gonadal Dysgenesis.Conclusion : Comprehensive management for DSD Patients help patient in diagnosis, gender assignment and support patient to improve quality of life. This multidisciplinary of DSD team is the only team in Indonesia that can be used as a model for other center in Indonesia as well as other developing countries with minimal diagnostic facilities.
A plant effector‐triggered immunity signaling sector is inhibited by pattern‐triggered immunity
Authors: Hatsugai Noriyuki , Igarashi Daisuke , Mase Keisuke , Lu You , Tsuda Yayoi , Chakravarthy Suma , Wei Hai‐Lei , Foley Joseph W , Collmer Alan , Glazebrook Jane , Katagiri Fumiaki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSince signaling machineries for two modes of plant‐induced immunity, pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) and effector‐triggered immunity (ETI), extensively overlap, PTI and ETI signaling likely interact. In an Arabidopsis quadruple mutant, in which four major sectors of the signaling network, jasmonate, ethylene, PAD4, and salicylate, are disabled, the hypersensitive response (HR) typical of ETI is abolished when the Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrRpt2 is bacterially delivered but is intact when AvrRpt2 is directly expressed in planta. These observations led us to discovery of a network‐buffered signaling mechanism that mediates HR signaling and is strongly inhibited by PTI signaling. We named this mechanism the ETI‐Mediating and PTI‐Inhibited Sector (EMPIS). The signaling kinetics of EMPIS explain apparently different plant genetic requirements for ETI triggered by different effectors without postulating different signaling machineries. The properties of EMPIS suggest that information about efficacy of the early immune response is fed back to the immune signaling network, modulating its activity and limiting the fitness cost of unnecessary immune responses.