bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence of surgical site dehiscence following full‐thickness gastrointestinal biopsy in dogs and cats and associated risk factors
Authors: Swinbourne F. , Jeffery N. , Tivers M.S. , Artingstall R. , Bird F. , Charlesworth T. , Doran I. , Freeman A. , Hall J. , Hattersley R. , Henken J. , Hughes J. , de la Puerta B. , Rutherford L. , Ryan T. , Williams H. , Woods S. , Nicholson I. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to: (1) document the incidence of surgical site dehiscence after full‐thickness gastrointestinal biopsy in dogs and cats and (2) identify potential risk factors.MethodsData relating to dogs and cats undergoing full‐thickness gastrointestinal biopsy were reviewed retrospectively following submission of a completed questionnaire by 12 referral institutions. Outcome measures were definite dehiscence, possible dehiscence (clinical records suggestive of dehiscence but not confirmed), suspected dehiscence (definite and possible combined) and death within 14 days. Logistic regression was planned for analysis of association of dehiscence with low preoperative serum albumin, biopsy through neoplastic tissue, biopsy alongside another major abdominal surgical procedure and biopsy of the colon.ResultsOf 172 cats, two (1·2%) had definite dehiscence, and four (2·3%) had possible dehiscence. Low preoperative serum albumin was significantly associated with definite dehiscence in univariable analysis and with suspected dehiscence and death within 14 days in univariable analysis, but all odds ratios had wide 95% confidence intervals. A histopathological diagnosis of neoplasia was significantly associated with death within 14 days in univariable analysis. Of 195 dogs, two (1·0%) had definite dehiscence, and three (1·5%) had possible dehiscence. In dogs, there was no association between any outcome measure and the putative risk factors.Clinical SignificanceIncidence of dehiscence following full‐thickness gastrointestinal biopsy was low in this study. When determining the appropriateness of biopsy in individual cases, this information should be balanced against the potentially life‐threatening consequences of dehiscence.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence and Overactive Bladder in Japanese Women
Authors: NINOMIYA Sanae , NAITO Kiyoko , NAKANISHI Kyoko , OKAYAMA Hisayo 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesThe prevalence of storage symptoms, including stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and overactive bladder (OAB), is high in women worldwide. In Japan, there have been few large‐scale epidemiological surveys of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and the risk factors for these symptoms are unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors of storage symptoms in Japanese women.MethodsA cross‐sectional Internet survey was conducted in Japan. Five thousand women aged 20–79 years were selected to answer demographic questionnaires, Japanese version of International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Short Form, and the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) pertaining to their symptoms in the previous month. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the prevalence of storage symptoms. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors for SUI and OAB.ResultsThe answers from 4804 women (average age, 40.4 years) were analyzed. The prevalence of SUI was 16.7% (SUI, 13.0%; mixed urinary incontinence, 3.7%). The prevalence of OAB diagnosed on OABSS was 8.1%. The prevalence of SUI and OAB symptoms increased with age, and 68.0% of women had one or more storage symptoms. Age ≥40 years, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, and constipation were common risk factors for SUI and OAB. Childbirth was an additional risk factor for SUI.ConclusionsThe prevalence of storage symptoms in Japanese women was high, and risk factors associated with these symptoms were similar to those reported in studies in other countries.
Factors influencing parenting efficacy of Asian immigrant, first‐time mothers: A cross‐sectional, correlational survey
Authors: Roh Eun Ha , Ahn Jeong‐Ah , Park Somi , Song Ju‐Eun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this study, we determined the factors influencing parenting efficacy of Asian immigrant, first‐time mothers. The research design was a cross‐sectional, correlational study. The study included 125 first‐time mothers who immigrated and married Korean men, and were living in Korea. Data were collected using translated questionnaires, and analyzed for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The major finding was that the parenting efficacy of immigrant women was influenced by childcare support from their husbands, maternal identity, and original nationality. The findings suggest that customized programs be developed and used to enhance parenting efficacy for Asian immigrant, first‐time mothers. In developing such programs, the advantages of maternal identity, social support from the husband, and women's cultural context should be considered.
Lingual leiomyomatous hamartoma with bifid tip of tongue and ankyloglossia in an infant
Authors: Dhua A.K. , Kumar K. , Nagendla M.K. , Bhatnagar V. , Mridha A.R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLingual leiomyomatous hamartoma (LLH) is a rare cause of midline tongue swelling. LLH with bifid tongue and ankyloglossia is still rarer, and so far only one case report in an adult exists in the literature. Here, we report a 5 months old male infant with a 1.5 cm × 0.5 cm LLH with bifid tongue and ankyloglossia.
BIS(BIPYRIDYL)-RU(II)-1-BENZOYL-3-(PYRIDINE-2-YL)-1H-PYRAZOLE AS POTENTIAL PHOTOSENSITISER: EXPERIMENTAL AND DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY STUDY
Authors: Mark-Lee Wun-Fui , Rusydi Febdian , Minggu Lorna Jeffery , Kubo Takashi , Kassim Mohammad 
Published: August 2017

Ru(II) complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(m-R-L)](PF6)2 where bpy = 2,2’-bipyridyl and m-R-L= 1-(meta-R)-benzoyl-3-(pyridine-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole derivatives (R = H, CH3 and Cl) abbreviated as RuL, Ru(m-CH3-L) and Ru(m-Cl-L) complexes, respectively, were synthesized and characterized with spectroscopic techniques namely, infrared, UV-Vis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), photoluminescence and mass spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD) DFT calculations were carried out to study the structural and electronic features of the molecules. These Ru(II) complexes exhibit photo-electronic properties required for a photosensitiser in a TiO2-catalysed photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell. In-depth understanding of the R-L fragment functionality is important to tune the photo-electronic properties of the Ru(II) complex. The highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is mainly localized at the Ru(II) centre, while the LUMO is dominantly spread across the R-L ligand. The Ru(II) complexes showed favourable metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) energy levels, which are comparably higher than the conduction band of TiO2 to facilitate electron injection process. Among the Ru(II) complexes, Ru(m-Cl-L) comparatively possesses the highest photoluminescence quantum yield and has the potential to be applied as photosensitiser in PEC systems.
Influence of lung volume on the interaction between cardiac output and cerebrovascular regulation during extreme apnoea
Authors: Stembridge Mike , Hoiland Ryan L. , Bain Anthony R. , Barak Otto F. , Drvis Ivan , MacLeod David B. , MacLeod Douglas M. , Madden Dennis , Batinic Tonci , O'Donoghue Peter , Shave Rob , Dujic Zeljko , Ainslie Philip N. 
Published: August 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does the reduction in cardiac output observed during extreme voluntary apnoea, secondary to high lung volume, result in a reduction in cerebral blood flow, perfusion pressure and oxygen delivery in a group of elite free divers?

What is the main finding and its importance?
High lung volumes reduce cardiac output and ventricular filling during extreme apnoea, but changes in cerebral blood flow are observed only transiently during the early stages of apnoea. This reveals that whilst cardiac output is important in regulating cerebral haemodynamics, the role of mean arterial pressure in restoring cerebral perfusion pressure is of greater significance to the regulation of cerebral blood flow.

We investigated the role of lung volume‐induced changes in cardiac output () on cerebrovascular regulation during prolonged apnoea. Fifteen elite apnoea divers (one female; 185 ± 7 cm, 82 ± 12 kg, 29 ± 7 years old) attended the laboratory on two separate occasions and completed maximal breath‐holds at total lung capacity (TLC) and functional residual capacity (FRC) to elicit disparate cardiovascular responses. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), internal jugular venous pressure and arterial blood gases were measured via cannulation. Global cerebral blood flow was quantified by ultrasound and cardiac output was quantified by via photoplethysmography. At FRC, stroke volume and did not change from baseline (P > 0.05). In contrast, during the TLC trial stroke volume and were decreased until 80 and 40% of apnoea, respectively (P < 0.05). During the TLC trial, global cerebral blood flow was significantly lower at 20%, but subsequently increased so that cerebral oxygen delivery was comparable to that during the FRC trial. Internal jugular venous pressure was significantly higher throughout the TLC trial in comparison to FRC. The MAP increased progressively in both trials but to a greater extent at TLC, resulting in a comparable cerebral perfusion pressure between trials by the end of apnoea. In summary, although lung volume has a profound effect on during prolonged breath‐holding, these changes do not translate to the cerebrovasculature owing to the greater sensitivity of cerebral blood flow to arterial blood gases and MAP; regulatory mechanisms that facilitate the maintenance of cerebral oxygen delivery.
Caspofungin-Mediated Growth Inhibition and Paradoxical Growth in Aspergillus fumigatus Involve Fungicidal Hyphal Tip Lysis Coupled with Regenerative Intrahyphal Growth and Dynamic Changes in β-1,3-Glucan Synthase Localization
Authors: Moreno-Velásquez Sergio D. , Seidel Constanze , Juvvadi Praveen R. , Steinbach William J. , Read Nick D. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTCaspofungin targets cell wall β-1,3-glucan synthesis and is the international consensus guideline-recommended salvage therapy for invasive aspergillosis. Although caspofungin is inhibitory at low concentrations, it exhibits a paradoxical effect (reversal of growth inhibition) at high concentrations by an undetermined mechanism. Treatment with caspofungin at either the growth-inhibitory concentration (0.5 μg/ml) or paradoxical growth-inducing concentration (4 μg/ml) for 24 h caused similar abnormalities, including wider, hyperbranched hyphae, increased septation, and repeated hyphal tip lysis, followed by regenerative intrahyphal growth. By 48 h, only hyphae at the colony periphery treated with the high caspofungin concentration displayed paradoxical growth. A similar high concentration of caspofungin also induced the paradoxical growth ofAspergillus fumigatusduring human A549 alveolar cell invasion. Localization of the β-1,3-glucan synthase complex (Fks1 and Rho1) revealed significant differences between cells exposed to the growth-inhibitory and paradoxical growth-inducing concentrations of caspofungin. At both concentrations, Fks1 initially mislocalized from the hyphal tips to vacuoles. However, only continuous exposure to 4 μg/ml of caspofungin for 48 h led to recovery of the normal hyphal morphology with renewed localization of Fks1 to hyphal tips. Rho1 remained at the hyphal tip after treatment with both caspofungin concentrations but was required for paradoxical growth. Farnesol blocked paradoxical growth and relocalized Fks1 and Rho1 to vacuoles. Our results highlight the importance of regenerative intrahyphal growth as a rapid adaptation to the fungicidal lytic effects of caspofungin on hyphal tips and the dynamic localization of Fks1 as part of the mechanism for the caspofungin-mediated paradoxical response inA. fumigatus.
Population Pharmacokinetics of High-Dose Continuous-Infusion Meropenem and Considerations for Use in the Treatment of Infections Due to KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Cojutti Piergiorgio , Sartor Assunta , Righi Elda , Scarparo Claudio , Bassetti Matteo , Pea Federico 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

We assessed the population pharmacokinetics of high-dose continuous-infusion (HDCI) meropenem in a cohort of patients with
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC)-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(KPC-Kp) infections. Monte Carlo simulations were used to define the permissible HDCI meropenem regimens that could be safely considered for the treatment of KPC-Kp infections due to meropenem-resistant strains. Permissible doses were arbitrarily defined as those associated with a ≤10% to 15% likelihood of meropenem steady-state concentrations (
C
ss
) of >100 mg/liter. Probabilities of target attainment (PTA) of four incremental pharmacodynamic determinants for meropenem efficacy (100% T
>1×MIC
, 100% T
>2×MIC
, 100% T
>3×MIC
, and 100% T
>4×MIC
, where “T
>MIC
” represents the time during which the plasma concentration of this time-dependent antibacterial agent is maintained above the MIC for the pathogen) in relation to different classes of renal function were calculated. The cumulative fractions of response (CFR) for the permissible HDCI meropenem regimens were calculated against the MIC distribution of the KPC-Kp clinical isolates that were collected routinely at our University Hospital between 2013 and 2016 (
n
= 169). Ninety-seven meropenem
C
ss
were included in the analysis. The final model included creatinine clearance (CrCL) as a covariate and explained 94% of the population variability. Monte Carlo simulations based on licensed dosages of up to 6 g/day predicted an acceptable PTA (>80%) of 100% T
>1×MIC
against KPC-Kp with a meropenem MIC of ≤32 mg/liter in patients with a CrCL level of <130 ml/min. Dosages of 8 g/day were needed for achieving the same target in patients with CrCL at levels of 130 to 200 ml/min. In dealing with pathogens with a meropenem MIC of 64 mg/liter, HDCI regimens using meropenem at higher than licensed levels should be considered. In these cases, real-time therapeutic drug monitoring could be a useful adjunct for optimized care. The predicted CFR were >75% in all of the classes of renal function.
A Prospective Cohort Multicenter Study of Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogenomics of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Nine Latin American Countries
Authors: Arias Cesar A. , Reyes Jinnethe , Carvajal Lina Paola , Rincon Sandra , Diaz Lorena , Panesso Diana , Ibarra Gabriel , Rios Rafael , Munita Jose M. , Salles Mauro J. , Alvarez-Moreno Carlos , Labarca Jaime , Garcia Coralith , Luna Carlos M. , Mejia-Villatoro Carlos , Zurita Jeannete , Guzman-Blanco Manuel , Rodriguez-Noriega Eduardo , Narechania Apurva , Rojas Laura J. , Planet Paul J. , Weinstock George M. , Gotuzzo Eduardo , Seas Carlos 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is an important pathogen causing a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild skin and soft tissue infections to life-threatening conditions. Bloodstream infections are particularly important, and the treatment approach is complicated by the presence of methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) isolates. The emergence of new genetic lineages of MRSA has occurred in Latin America (LA) with the rise and dissemination of the community-associated USA300 Latin American variant (USA300-LV). Here, we prospectively characterized bloodstream MRSA recovered from selected hospitals in 9 Latin American countries. All isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 96 MRSA representatives. MRSA represented 45% of all (1,185
S. aureus
) isolates. The majority of MRSA isolates belonged to clonal cluster (CC) 5. In Colombia and Ecuador, most isolates (≥72%) belonged to the USA300-LV lineage (CC8). Phylogenetic reconstructions indicated that MRSA isolates from participating hospitals belonged to three major clades. Clade A grouped isolates with sequence type 5 (ST5), ST105, and ST1011 (mostly staphylococcal chromosomal cassette
mec
[SCC
mec
] I and II). Clade B included ST8, ST88, ST97, and ST72 strains (SCC
mec
IV, subtypes a, b, and c/E), and clade C grouped mostly Argentinian MRSA belonging to ST30. In summary, CC5 MRSA was prevalent in bloodstream infections in LA with the exception of Colombia and Ecuador, where USA300-LV is now the dominant lineage. Clonal replacement appears to be a common phenomenon, and continuous surveillance is crucial to identify changes in the molecular epidemiology of MRSA.
In Vitro
Evaluation of Biofilm Dispersal as a Therapeutic Strategy To Restore Antimicrobial Efficacy
Authors: Roizman Dan , Vidaillac Celine , Givskov Michael , Yang Liang 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

As a proof-of-concept study, the direct impact of biofilm dispersal on the
in vitro
efficacy of imipenem and tobramycin was evaluated against 3-day-old biofilms of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Arabinose induction of biofilm dispersal via activation of the phosphodiesterase YhjH in the
P. aeruginosa
engineered strain PAO1/p

BAD

-
yhjH
resulted in increased antimicrobial efficacy and synergy of the imipenem-tobramycin combination. These results support the use of biofilm dispersal to enhance antimicrobial efficacy in the treatment of biofilm-associated infections, representing a promising therapeutic strategy.
Synthetic Porcine Hepcidin Exhibits Different Roles in Escherichia coli and Salmonella Infections
Authors: Liu Dan , Gan Zhen-Shun , Ma Wan , Xiong Hai-Tao , Li Yun-Qing , Wang Yi-Zhen , Du Hua-Hua 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide, was discovered to integrate diverse signals from iron status and an infection threat and orchestrate a series of host-protective responses. Several studies have investigated the antimicrobial role of hepcidin, but the results have been controversial. Here, we aimed to examine the role of hepcidin in bacterial adherence and invasion
in vitro
. We found that porcine hepcidin could decrease the amount of the extracellular pathogen enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC) K88 that adhered to cells because it caused the aggregation of the bacteria. However, addition of hepcidin to macrophages infected with the intracellular pathogen
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium enhanced the intracellular growth of the pathogen through the degradation of ferroportin, an iron export protein, and then the sequestration of intracellular iron. Intracellular iron was unavailable by use of the iron chelator deferiprone (DFO), which reduced intracellular bacterial growth. These results demonstrate that hepcidin exhibits different functions in extracellular and intracellular bacterial infections, which suggests that different defense strategies should be taken to prevent bacterial infection.
Stability of Proteins Out of Service: the GapB Case of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Gerth Ulf , Krieger Eleonora , Zühlke Daniela , Reder Alexander , Völker Uwe , Hecker Michael 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Bacillus subtilis
possesses two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases with opposite roles, the glycolytic NAD-dependent GapA and the NADP-dependent GapB enzyme, which is exclusively required during gluconeogenesis but not active under conditions promoting glycolysis. We propose that proteins that are no longer needed will be recognized and proteolyzed by Clp proteases and thereby recycled. To test this postulation, we analyzed the stability of the glycolytic enzyme GapA and the gluconeogenetic enzyme GapB in the presence and absence of glucose. It turned out that GapA remained rather stable under both glycolytic and gluconeogenetic conditions. In contrast, the gluconeogenetic enzyme GapB was degraded after a shift from malate to glucose (i.e., from gluconeogenesis to glycolysis), displaying an estimated half-life of approximately 3 h. Comparative
in vivo
pulse-chase labeling and immunoprecipitation experiments of the wild-type strain and isogenic mutants identified the ATP-dependent ClpCP protease as the enzyme responsible for the degradation of GapB. However, arginine protein phosphorylation, which was recently described as a general tagging mechanism for protein degradation, did not seem to play a role in GapB proteolysis, because GapB was also degraded in a
mcsB
mutant, lacking arginine kinase, in the same manner as in the wild type.

IMPORTANCE
GapB, the NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphosphate dehydrogenase, is essential for
B. subtilis
under gluconeogenetic conditions. However, after a shift to glycolytic conditions, GapB loses its physiological function within the cell and becomes susceptible to degradation, in contrast to GapA, the glycolytic NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which remains stable under glycolytic and gluconeogenetic conditions. Subsequently, GapB is proteolyzed in a ClpCP-dependent manner. According to our data, the arginine kinase McsB is not involved as adaptor protein in this process. ClpCP appears to be in charge in the removal of inoperable enzymes in
B. subtilis
, which is a strictly regulated process in which the precise recognition mechanism(s) remains to be identified.
Regulation of the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement in Attaching and Effacing Pathogens
Authors: Furniss R. Christopher D. , Clements Abigail 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Attaching and effacing (AE) pathogens colonize the gut mucosa using a type three secretion system (T3SS) and a suite of effector proteins. The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) is the defining genetic feature of the AE pathogens, encoding the T3SS and the core effector proteins necessary for pathogenesis. Extensive research has revealed a complex regulatory network that senses and responds to a myriad of host- and microbiota-derived signals in the infected gut to control transcription of the LEE. These signals include microbiota-liberated sugars and metabolites in the gut lumen, molecular oxygen at the gut epithelium, and host hormones. Recent research has revealed that AE pathogens also recognize physical signals, such as attachment to the epithelium, and that the act of effector translocation remodels gene expression in infecting bacteria. In this review, we summarize our knowledge to date and present an integrated view of how chemical, geographical, and physical cues regulate the virulence program of AE pathogens during infection.