bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prelude to a panzootic: Gene flow and immunogenetic variation in northern little brown myotis vulnerable to bat white-nose syndrome
Authors: Davy Christina M. , Donaldson Michael E. , Rico Yessica , Lausen Cori L. , Dogantzis Kathleen , Ritchie Kyle , Willis Craig K.R. , Burles Douglas W. , Jung Thomas S. , McBurney Scott , Park Allysia , McAlpine Donald F. , Vanderwolf Karen J. , Kyle Christopher J. 
Published: September 2017

The fungus that causes bat white-nose syndrome (WNS) recently leaped from eastern North America to the Pacific Coast. The pathogen’s spread is associated with the genetic population structure of a host ( Myotis lucifugus). To understand the fine-scale neutral and immunogenetic variation among northern populations of M. lucifugus, we sampled 1142 individuals across the species’ northern range. We used genotypes at 11 microsatellite loci to reveal the genetic structure of, and directional gene flow among, populations to predict the likely future spread of the pathogen in the northwest and to estimate effective population size ( Ne). We also pyrosequenced the DRB1-like exon 2 of the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in 160 individuals to explore immunogenetic selection by WNS. We identified three major neutral genetic clusters: Eastern, Montane Cordillera (and adjacent sampling areas), and Haida Gwaii, with admixture at intermediate areas and significant substructure west of the prairies. Estimates of Newere unexpectedly low (289–16 000). Haida Gwaii may provide temporary refuge from WNS, but the western mountain ranges are not barriers to its dispersal in M. lucifugus and are unlikely to slow its spread. Our major histocompatibility complex (MHC) data suggest potential selection by WNS on the MHC, but gene duplication limited the immunogenetic analyses.
Building an Extensible Open vSwitch Datapath
Authors: Tu Cheng-Chun , Stringer Joe , Pettit Justin 
Published: September 2017

The virtual switch is the cornerstone of the today's virtualized data center. As all traffic to and from virtual machines or containers must pass through a vSwitch, it is the ideal location for network configuration and policy enforcement.
The bulk of Open vSwitch functionality is platform-agnostic and portable. However the datapath, which touches every packet, is unique to each supported platform. Maintaining each datapath requires duplicated effort and the result has been inconsistent support of features across platforms. Even on a single platform, the features supported by a particular kernel version can vary. Further, datapath functionality must be broadly useful which prevents having application-specific features in the fast path.
eBPF, extended Berkeley Packet Filter, enables userspace applications to customize and extend the Linux kernel's functionality. It provides flexible platform abstractions for network functions, and is being ported to a variety of platforms. This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of an eBPF-based extensible OVS datapath. The eBPF OVS datapath delivers the equivalent functionality of the existing OVS kernel datapath, while significantly reducing development pain points around maintainability and extensibility. We demonstrate that these benefits don't necessarily have a trade off in regards to performance, with the eBPFbased datapath showing negligible overhead compared to the existing kernel datapath.
Ingens
Authors: Kwon Youngjin , Yu Hangchen , Peter Simon , Rossbach Christopher J. , Witchel Emmett 
Published: September 2017

Memory capacity and demand have grown hand in hand in recent years. However, overheads for memory virtualization, in particular for address translation, grow with memory capacity as well, motivating hardware manufacturers to provide TLBs with thousands of entries for larger pages, or huge pages. Current OSes and hypervisors support huge pages with a hodge-podge of best-effort algorithms and spot fixes that make less and less sense as architectural support for huge pages matures. The time has come for a more fundamental redesign.
Ingens is a framework for providing transparent huge page support in a coordinated way. Ingens manages contiguity as a first-class resource, and tracks utilization and access frequency of memory pages, enabling it to eliminate pathologies that plague current systems. Experiments with a Linux/KVM-based prototype show improved fairness and performance, and reduced tail latency and memory bloat for important applications such as Web services and Redis. We report early experiences with our in-progress port of Ingens to the ESX Hypervisor.
Galectin-3, a Druggable Vulnerability for KRAS-Addicted Cancers
Authors: Seguin Laetitia , Camargo Maria F. , Wettersten Hiromi I. , Kato Shumei , Desgrosellier Jay S. , von Schalscha Tami , Elliott Kathryn C. , Cosset Erika , Lesperance Jacqueline , Weis Sara M. , Cheresh David A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Identifying the molecular basis for cancer cell dependence on oncogenes such as KRAS can provide new opportunities to target these addictions. Here, we identify a novel role for the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-3 as a lynchpin for KRAS dependence. By directly binding to the cell surface receptor integrin αvβ3, galectin-3 gives rise to KRAS addiction by enabling multiple functions of KRAS in anchorage-independent cells, including formation of macropinosomes that facilitate nutrient uptake and ability to maintain redox balance. Disrupting αvβ3/galectin-3 binding with a clinically active drug prevents their association with mutant KRAS, thereby suppressing macropinocytosis while increasing reactive oxygen species to eradicate αvβ3-expressing KRAS-mutant lung and pancreatic cancer patient–derived xenografts and spontaneous tumors in mice. Our work reveals galectin-3 as a druggable target for KRAS-addicted lung and pancreas cancers, and indicates integrin αvβ3 as a biomarker to identify susceptible tumors.
Significance: There is a significant unmet need for therapies targeting KRAS-mutant cancers. Here, we identify integrin αvβ3 as a biomarker to identify mutant KRAS–addicted tumors that are highly sensitive to inhibition of galectin-3, a glycoprotein that binds to integrin αvβ3 to promote KRAS-mediated activation of AKT. Cancer Discov; 7(12); 1464–79. ©2017 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1355
Prevalence of Cerebral Microbleeds in Patients With Continuous‐Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Yoshioka Daisuke , Okazaki Shuhei , Toda Koichi , Murase Sho , Saito Shunsuke , Domae Keitaro , Miyagawa Shigeru , Yoshikawa Yasushi , Daimon Takashi , Sakaguchi Manabu , Sawa Yoshiki 
Published: September 2017

Background

The prevalence of cerebral microbleeds (
CMB
s) in gradient echo T2*‐weighted brain
MRI
has a positive correlation with hemorrhagic stroke incidence. However, the prevalence of
CMB
s in patients with left ventricular assist devices (
LVADs
) has not been evaluated. We evaluated the prevalence of
CMB
s and the relationship with hemorrhagic stroke incidence in patients with LVADs.

Method and Results

We analyzed results from brain
MRI
in prospective examinations of 35 consecutive patients who had undergone
LVAD
explantation for heart transplantation or recovery since 2011. The number and distribution of
CMB
s were counted, then the relationship between baseline characteristics and adverse events during
LVAD
support were analyzed. The mean age was 37.7±12.4 years and the mean
LVAD
duration was 2.43±1.08 years. Thirty‐four (97%) patients had at least one
CMB
. Nine (26%) developed hemorrhagic stroke during
LVAD
support, and patients with hemorrhagic stroke had a significantly greater number of
CMB
s compared with patients without hemorrhagic stroke (5 [interquartile range (
IQR
), 4–7] versus 9 [
IQR
, 5–23]; odds ratio 1.14 [95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.02–1.32],
P
=0.05). There was no significant relationship between age,
LVAD
support duration, or systolic blood pressure during
LVAD
. However, patients who had at least one episode of bacteremia (9 [
IQR
, 4–16] versus 5 [
IQR
, 3–7],
P
=0.06) and pump pocket infection (14 [
IQR
, 4–27] versus 5 [
IQR
, 3–7],
P
=0.08) showed a trend toward a greater number of
CMB
s than patients without bacteremia.

Conclusions

Thirty‐four (97%) patients with continuous‐flow
LVAD
had at least one
CMB
, and the number of
CMB
s were more prevalent in patients with hemorrhagic stroke and in patients with
LVAD
‐related infection.
PEA‐15 (Phosphoprotein Enriched in Astrocytes 15) Is a Protective Mediator in the Vasculature and Is Regulated During Neointimal Hyperplasia
Authors: Greig Fiona H. , Kennedy Simon , Gibson George , Ramos Joe W. , Nixon Graeme F. 
Published: September 2017

Background

Neointimal hyperplasia following angioplasty occurs via vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. The mechanisms involved are not fully understood but include mitogen‐activated protein kinases ERK1/2 (extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1 and 2). We recently identified the intracellular mediator PEA‐15 (phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15) in vascular smooth muscle cells as a regulator of
ERK
1/2‐dependent proliferation in vitro.
PEA
‐15 acts as a cytoplasmic anchor for
ERK
1/2, preventing nuclear localization and thereby reducing
ERK
1/2‐dependent gene expression. The aim of the current study was to examine the role of
PEA
‐15 in neointimal hyperplasia in vivo.

Method and Results

Mice deficient in
PEA
‐15 or wild‐type mice were subjected to wire injury of the carotid artery. In uninjured arteries from PEA‐15–deficient mice,
ERK
1/2 had increased nuclear translocation and increased basal
ERK
1/2‐dependent transcription. Following wire injury, arteries from PEA‐15–deficient mice developed neointimal hyperplasia at an increased rate compared with wild‐type mice. This occurred in parallel with an increase in a proliferative marker and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. In wild‐type mice,
PEA
‐15 expression was decreased in vascular smooth muscle cells at an early stage before any increase in intima:media ratio. This regulation of
PEA
‐15 expression following injury was also observed in an ex vivo human model of hyperplasia.

Conclusions

These results indicate, for the first time, a novel protective role for
PEA
‐15 against inappropriate vascular proliferation.
PEA
‐15 expression may also be repressed during vascular injury, suggesting that maintenance of
PEA
‐15 expression is a novel therapeutic target in vascular disease.
A new species of the genus Mongolotettix Rehn, 1928 from Inner Mongolia, China (Acrididae, Acridoidea, Orthoptera)
Authors: SHI JIAN-PING , DANG YAN , YIN ZHAN 
Published: September 2017

The grasshopper genus Mongolotettix Rehn, 1928 is a median genus of family Acrididae. It contains 10 species that are distributed in Far Eastern Asian countries, including China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, and Russia (Bolívar, 1898; Uvarov, 1914; Caudell, 1921; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Chogsomzhav,1974; Li & Lian, 1994; Yin et al, 1996; Wan et al. 1998, Xie & Li 2000, Yin, Xia et al, 2003; Yin, Zhang et al, 2003; Yin et al, 2004; Kim & Kim, 2005; Huang et al, 2010; Shi et al. 2016; Storozhenko, 2016; Eades et al. 2017; Zhang et al, 2017 and Zheng et al, 2017). In the present paper, we describe a new species of the genus from Inner Mongolia, China. Type specimens are deposited in the Natural Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
Successful Placement of a BAHA Implant in a Patient With Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Brown Jason R. , Milgraum D. Micah , Riyaz Farhaad R. , Jahnke Marla N. , Thottam Prasad John 
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a spectrum of mechanobullous disorders characterized by blistering following minor trauma or traction to the skin. Hearing loss in this population is poorly described in the otolaryngology literature, and its treatment oftentimes results in external auditory canal skin irritation. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 26-year-old female with EB and mixed hearing loss unable to wear conventional hearing aids due to sequelae of the external auditory canals. An osseointegrated implant was used as other hearing aids were deemed to be too destructive of the external auditory canal skin. Management and Outcome: Our patient underwent placement of a right bone-anchored hearing aid with minimal disruption of the surrounding skin using a minimally invasive punch technique. Over 1 year of follow-up, her course was complicated by 1 simple cellulitic infection at the surgical site treated successfully with oral antibiotics. Discussion: The literature regarding the otolaryngologic manifestations of EB is sparse. The otologic sequelae are particularly overlooked in the workup and management. Based on the results of this case study, it appears that an osseointegrated implant can be safely utilized to treat significant mixed or conductive hearing loss in patients with EB.
Effectiveness of Adenotonsillectomy and Risk of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency in Children With Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Padia Reema , Muntz Harlan , Pfeffer Kathleen , Meier Jeremy 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:(1) Review effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy (T&A) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PW). (2) Examine the incidence of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) after T&A in this population. (3) Compare outcomes of T&A in PW and Trisomy 21 (T21) patients.Methods:Outcomes after T&A in a PW cohort were retrospectively reviewed and compared to those in patients with T21.Results:The study cohort included 22 PW patients. They were compared to 47 T21 patients who also underwent T&A. Eighteen percent (N = 4) of the PW patients had postoperative VPI requiring a corrective procedure, while there were no patients within the T21 cohort who had identified VPI ( P < .05). In those patients that had a postoperative polysomnogram, the mean decrease in obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) of the PW and T21 patients measured 8.4 and 4.7 points, respectively ( P = .3).Conclusions:This study demonstrated a higher rate of VPI after T&A in PW children as compared to another at-risk cohort, T21 patients. While the OAHI decreased after T&A in both groups, a significant number of children with PW or T21 had persistent OSA. Further investigation into the optimal management of OSA, while preventing treatment complications such as VPI, is needed for children with these high-risk conditions
Retrofitting existing buildings to control indoor PM2.5 concentration on smog days: Initial experience of residential buildings in China
Authors: Chu Yiyi , Xu Peng , Yang Zhiwei , Li Weilin 
Published: September 2017

Severe smog days in many parts of developing countries, such as China and India, have drawn worldwide attention. This study aims at integrating various building retrofitting methods of existing buildings to control indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentrations. Methods are such as airtightness improvement, room pressure control, recycling air filtration and combinations of the above. The study verifies the effectiveness of each control method to reduce the indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentration below 25 µg/m3 under certain outdoor conditions in building. Measurements and modelling are conducted for different outdoor particle concentration scenarios under different control strategies at an apartment in Shanghai, China. Overall, the retrofitting methods depend on outdoor smog circumstances and building structures. Therefore, it would be wise to choose appropriate control method depending on outdoor particulate matter 2.5 concentrations. This is the first time that various existing residential building retrofitting strategies are integrated jointly and the combination of different control methods are tested to ensure indoor air quality under different outdoor conditions. To validate the generality of these control strategies, a simulation model is developed and calibrated against experimental data under different scenarios. The variation of the indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentration in an extremely bad day is simulated and the influencing factors including infiltration air change rate, air volume and filter efficiency are all analyzed according to the model. The results and conclusions of this study can be used in many parts of the worlds, when building occupants have to choose proper equipment or retrofitting methods to control their indoor air quality. Practical application: The building retrofitting methods introduced in this article could be used in any residential building to control indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentrations continuously below 25 µg/m3 under different outdoor conditions.
Efficacy of Adjuvant Magnesium for Posttonsillectomy Morbidity in Children: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Cho Hye Kyung , Park In Joon , Yoon Ho Young , Hwang Se Hwan 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThe perioperative administration of magnesium is known to reduce postoperative morbidities in adults, such as pain, agitation, and laryngospasm. The objective is to assess the effects of perioperative magnesium as the adjuvant to tonsillectomy as compared with tonsillectomy in children.Data SourceFive databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane).MethodTwo authors independently searched databases up to January 2017. We compared perioperative magnesium administration (magnesium groups) with no administration of magnesium (control group). The following outcomes were measured: postoperative pain intensity, analgesics administration, or other morbidities (laryngospasm, agitation, postoperative bleeding) in the postoperative 24 hours. Additionally, to evaluate the discrepancy of effects according to different administration routes, subgroup analyses regarding effects according to systemic or local administration of magnesium were performed.ResultsNine prospective randomized controlled studies (n = 615) that evaluated the effect of magnesium in children having undergone tonsillectomy met inclusion criteria. Compared with control group, the time for first analgesic requirement was significantly delayed in magnesium groups (standardized mean difference = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.20‐1.31; P =. 0079). Laryngospasm (log odds ratio = −1.09; 95% CI,−2.11 to −0.07; P =. 0362) and agitation score (standardized mean difference = −0.67; 95% CI, −0.97 to −0.36; P <. 0001) in the recovery room also significantly decreased in magnesium groups. In subgroup analyses regarding pain and laryngospasm‐related measurements, local administration of magnesium was shown to be more effective at reducing postoperative morbidities.ConclusionsPerioperative magnesium regardless of route may offer pain, agitation, and laryngospasm relief without adverse effects in pediatric tonsillectomy. Based on the high heterogeneity of results within some parameters, further studies need to be performed to affirm these results.
The indirect costs of palliative care in end-stage cancer: A real-life longitudinal register- and questionnaire-based study
Authors: Haltia Olli , Färkkilä Niilo , Roine Risto Paavo , Sintonen Harri , Taari Kimmo , Hänninen Juha , Lehto Juho Tuomas , Saarto Tiina 
Published: September 2017

Background: Palliative care needs are increasing as more people are dying from incurable diseases. Healthcare costs have been reported to be highest during the last year of life, but studies on the actual costs of palliative care are scarce. Aim: To explore the resource use and costs of palliative care among end-stage breast, colorectal and prostate cancer patients after termination of life-prolonging oncological treatments, that is, during the palliative care period. Design: A real-life longitudinal register- and questionnaire-based study of cancer patients’ resource use and costs. Participants: In total, 70 patients in palliative care with no ongoing oncological treatments were recruited from the Helsinki University Hospital or from the local hospice. Healthcare costs, productivity costs and informal care costs were included. Results: The mean duration of the palliative care period was 179 days. The healthcare cost accounted for 55%, informal care for 27% and productivity costs for 18% of the total costs. The last 2 weeks of life contributed to 37% of the healthcare cost. The costs of the palliative care period were higher in patients living alone, which was mostly caused by inpatient care ( p = 0.018). Conclusion: The 45% share of indirect costs is substantial in end-of-life care. The healthcare costs increase towards death, which is especially true of patients living alone. This highlights the significant role of caregivers. More attention should be paid to home care and caregiver support to reduce inpatient care needs and control the costs of end-of-life care.
Magnetic resonance feature of “paintbrush borders” sign as a novel way to predict recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone after curettage: a pilot study
Authors: He Yifeng , Wang Jun , Zhang Ji , Du Lianjun , Lu Yong , Xu Jianqiang , Yuan Fei , Tan Yimin , Ding Xiaoyi 
Published: September 2017

Objective To identify the prognostic factors for local recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) through assessment of the preoperative imaging features of the tumor border. Methods Patients with GCTBs treated with intralesional procedures in the proximal tibia and distal femur were prospectively enrolled and then followed up for at least 2 years. The GCTBs were grouped according to their preoperative imaging features. GCTBs treated with en bloc resection were enrolled for investigation of the pathologic basis of specific imaging features. Differences between rates were evaluated by the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test; independent factors were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Fifty-three patients were enrolled and successfully followed up. Relapse occurred in 22 patients. Patients with a “paintbrush borders” sign (n = 21) had a significantly higher rate of local recurrence (71.43%) than patients without this sign (21.88%). The “paintbrush borders” sign was identified as an independent prognostic factor for local recurrence. Other imaging features were not significantly associated with recurrence. The “paintbrush borders” sign showed a correlation with local invasion of bone. Conclusion The “paintbrush borders” sign on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging is an independent prognostic factor for local recurrence of GCTB.