bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylparaben stimulates tumor initiating cells in ER+ breast cancer models
Authors: Lillo M. Angeles , Nichols Cydney , Perry Chanel , Runke Stephanie , Krutilina Raisa , Seagroves Tiffany N. , Miranda‐Carboni Gustavo A. , Krum Susan A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA body of epidemiological evidence implicates exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with increased susceptibility to breast cancer. To evaluate the physiological effects of a suspected EDC in vivo, we exposed MCF‐7 breast cancer cells and a patient‐derived xenograft (PDX, estrogen receptor positive) to physiological levels of methylparaben (mePB), which is commonly used in personal care products as a preservative. mePB pellets (4.4 μg per day) led to increased tumor size of MCF‐7 xenografts and ER+ PDX tumors. mePB has been thought to be a xenoestrogen; however, in vitro exposure of 10 nM mePB failed to increase MCF‐7 cell proliferation or induction of canonical estrogen‐responsive genes (pS2 and progesterone receptor), in contrast to 17β‐estradiol (E2) treatment. MCF‐7 and PDX‐derived mammospheres exhibited increased size and up‐regulation of canonical stem cell markers ALDH1, NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 when exposed to mePB; these effects were not observed for MDA‐MB‐231 (ER−) mammospheres. As tumor‐initiating cells (TICs) are also believed to be responsible for chemoresistance, mammospheres were treated with either tamoxifen or the pure anti‐estrogen fulvestrant in the presence of mePB. Blocking the estrogenic response was not sufficient to block NANOG expression in mammospheres, pointing to a non‐classic estrogen response or an ER‐independent mechanism of mePB promotion of mammosphere activity. Overall, these results suggest that mePB increases breast cancer tumor proliferation through enhanced TIC activity, in part via regulation of NANOG, and that mePB may play a direct role in chemoresistance by modulating stem cell activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Three Different Hepatitis C Virus Genotyping Methods: 5′NCR PCR‐RFLP, Core Type‐Specific PCR, and NS5b Sequencing in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Daniel Hubert D.‐J. , David Joel , Raghuraman Sukanya , Gnanamony Manu , Chandy George M. , Sridharan Gopalan , Abraham Priya 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundBased on genetic heterogeneity, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is classified into seven major genotypes and 64 subtypes. In spite of the sequence heterogeneity, all genotypes share an identical complement of colinear genes within the large open reading frame. The genetic interrelationships between these genes are consistent among genotypes. Due to this property, complete sequencing of the HCV genome is not required. HCV genotypes along with subtypes are critical for planning antiviral therapy. Certain genotypes are also associated with higher progression to liver cirrhosis.MethodsIn this study, 100 blood samples were collected from individuals who came for routine HCV genotype identification. These samples were used for the comparison of two different genotyping methods (5′NCR PCR‐RFLP and HCV core type‐specific PCR) with NS5b sequencing.ResultsOf the 100 samples genotyped using 5′NCR PCR‐RFLP and HCV core type‐specific PCR, 90% (κ = 0.913, P < 0.00) and 96% (κ = 0.794, P < 0.00) correlated with NS5b sequencing, respectively. Sixty percent and 75% of discordant samples by 5′NCR PCR‐RFLP and HCV core type‐specific PCR, respectively, belonged to genotype 6. All the HCV genotype 1 subtypes were classified accurately by both the methods.ConclusionThis study shows that the 5′NCR‐based PCR‐RFLP and the HCV core type‐specific PCR‐based assays correctly identified HCV genotypes except genotype 6 from this region. Direct sequencing of the HCV core region was able to identify all the genotype 6 from this region and serves as an alternative to NS5b sequencing.
The Evolutionary Origin of Female Orgasm
Authors: PAVLIČEV MIHAELA , WAGNER GÜNTER 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe evolutionary explanation of female orgasm has been difficult to come by. The orgasm in women does not obviously contribute to the reproductive success, and surprisingly unreliably accompanies heterosexual intercourse. Two types of explanations have been proposed: one insisting on extant adaptive roles in reproduction, another explaining female orgasm as a byproduct of selection on male orgasm, which is crucial for sperm transfer. We emphasize that these explanations tend to focus on evidence from human biology and thus address the modification of a trait rather than its evolutionary origin. To trace the trait through evolution requires identifying its homologue in other species, which may have limited similarity with the human trait. Human female orgasm is associated with an endocrine surge similar to the copulatory surges in species with induced ovulation. We suggest that the homolog of human orgasm is the reflex that, ancestrally, induced ovulation. This reflex became superfluous with the evolution of spontaneous ovulation, potentially freeing female orgasm for other roles. This is supported by phylogenetic evidence showing that induced ovulation is ancestral, while spontaneous ovulation is derived within eutherians. In addition, the comparative anatomy of female reproductive tract shows that evolution of spontaneous ovulation is correlated with increasing distance of clitoris from the copulatory canal. In summary, we suggest that the female orgasm‐like trait may have been adaptive, however for a different role, namely for inducing ovulation. With the evolution of spontaneous ovulation, orgasm was freed to gain secondary roles, which may explain its maintenance, but not its origin.
Effect of inhibition of μ‐calpain on the myofibril structure and myofibrillar protein degradation in postmortem ovine muscle
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Xin , Gao Xing , Du Manting , Zhang Dequan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDTenderness is considered to be one of the most important attributes of meat quality. Myofibrillar protein degradation contributes to meat tenderization during postmortem ageing. In this process, calpain is the primary enzyme catalyzing the proteolysis. To further understand the action of calpain in meat tenderization, a μ‐calpain inhibitor, MDL‐28170, was used and its effects on sarcomere structure and myofibrillar protein degradation were determined.RESULTSThe results of the present study showed that inhibition of μ‐calpain significantly reduced muscle myofibrillar fragmentation compared to the group without μ‐calpain inhibitor. Meanwhile, the sarcomere structure of the μ‐calpain inhibited muscle was only slightly broken and largely remained integral 48 h postmortem. Myosin heavy chain, actin, desmin, troponin T and troponin I were identified to be substrates of μ‐calpain by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrocopy and western blotting, and were detected with a higher degradation degree in the control group compared to the μ‐calpain inhibition group.CONCLUSIONComparatively, myosin heavy chain and actin were found to be less sensitive to μ‐calpain compared to desmin, troponin T and troponin I. These findings provide a better understanding of the contribution of μ‐calpain to the myofibril structure and myofibrillar protein degradation of ovine muscle. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Toward high‐resolution, inkjet‐printed, quantum dot light‐emitting diodes for next‐generation displays
Authors: Han Jongseok , Ko Donghyun , Park Myeongjin , Roh Jeongkyun , Jung Heeyoung , Lee Yeonkyung , Kwon Yongwon , Sohn Jiho , Bae Wan Ki , Chin Byung Doo , Lee Changhee 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe have investigated the possibility of fabricating quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) using inkjet printing technology, which is the most attractive method for the full‐color patterning of QLED displays. By controlling the quantum dot (QD) ink formulation and inkjet printing condition, we successfully patterned QLED pixels in the 60‐in ultrahigh definition TV format, which has a resolution of 73 pixels per inch. The inkjet‐printed QLEDs exhibited a maximum luminance of 2500 cd/m2. Although the performance of inkjet‐printed QLEDs is low compared with that of QLEDs fabricated using the spin‐coating process, our results clearly indicate that the inkjet printing technology is suitable for patterning QD emissive layers to realize high‐resolution, full‐color QLED displays.
Grade repetition and parents' perception of hearing loss: An analysis of data from children in the United States
Authors: Gilani Sapideh , Roditi Rachel , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: September 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine whether parent‐perceived hearing problems are associated with grade repetition among children in the United States.Study DesignRetrospective cohort analysis of a contemporary national database.MethodsThe National Survey of Children's Health 2011 to 2012 was analyzed. Hearing loss, as perceived and reported by parents, was categorized as: no hearing problem, history of a hearing problem, or current hearing problem. Children never repeating a grade versus repeating one or more grades (kindergarten–high school) were identified. Univariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyzed the association of hearing problems with grade repetition. Patients with mental retardation, autism, and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder were excluded from the analysis. After adjusting for race, sex, and poverty level, odds ratios for grade repetition were computed.ResultsAmong 66.1 million (average age, 8.3 years, 49.0% male) children, 97.3% never had a hearing problem, 1.7% had a history of a hearing problem, and 1.0% had a current hearing problem. Overall, 7.1% repeated a grade. Grade repetition was reported in 6.9% of children without a hearing problem versus 9.4% with a history of a hearing problem and 19.3% with a current hearing problem (P < 0.001). After adjustment for race, poverty level, and sex, a history of a hearing problem demonstrated an odds ratio of 1.9 (95% confidence interval 0.82–4.13) for grade repetition, whereas a current hearing problem demonstrated an odds ratio of 3.0 (1.90–4.80).ConclusionParents' perception of children's hearing problems is strongly associated with grade repetition. This trend is noticed in elementary school more than in high school.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:741–745, 2017
Augmentation pharyngoplasty for treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency in children: Results with injectable dextranomer and hyaluronic acid copolymer
Authors: Cofer Shelagh A. , Baas Becky , Strand Edythe , Cockerill Cara C. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the effectiveness, durability, and safety of a tissue filler (dextranomer and hyaluronic acid copolymer) when injected submucosally in the nasopharynx to treat velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in pediatric patients.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsCharts were reviewed for all patients treated with injectable filler at a tertiary children's center for VPI from April 2010 through September 2013. Main outcome measures included perceptual speech assessments before and after the procedure, velopharyngeal gap size on nasendoscopy, and nasalance. Length of follow‐up, length of surgery, hospital admission, and complications were also identified.ResultsAfter injection augmentation pharyngoplasty, 93% of patients had no or mild hypernasality, 83% had resolution of nasal grimace, and 96% had resolution of audible nasal emission. Complications were minor and included mucosal infection, neck pain, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea.ConclusionsUse of injectable filler to augment the nasopharynx is an effective, minimally invasive therapy for small or moderate‐sized velopharyngeal gaps, with shorter procedural times, easier recovery, and acceptable durability.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:S5–S13, 2016
Dynamics of Agrarian Systems and Land Use Change in North Vietnam
Authors: Hanh Han Quang , Azadi Hossein , Dogot Thomas , Ton Vu Dinh , Lebailly Philippe 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDuring the period of socio‐economic transformation initiated in the late 1980s by the political reform (Doi Moi) in Vietnam, the agrarian systems evolved considerably. In the region around the capital, where the process of industrialization, urbanization, and international integration has been accelerating, a number of questions about the sustainability of those agrarian systems have been raised. By diagnosing and analysing the dynamics of the agricultural systems in Vietnam from 1980 to 2010, this study aims to provide decision‐makers with some sectorial and territorial policy options that are able to authorize the sustainable development of agriculture and rural society in the new socio‐economic context. By applying a systematic approach, including the historical and adaptive approaches, this study shows how well farmers in the Hai Duong province have adapted to socio‐economic and institutional changes, notably by transforming part of their paddy farms into other agricultural land use purposes, such as fish ponds, animal buildings, vegetable fields, and fruit orchards. These rapid changes, however, do not move in a direction that improves the sustainability of agrarian systems. The results revealed that farm holders are now facing many technical and economic contradictions, whereas issues that arise from the land no longer are only related to agricultural purposes. Competition for different functions of land use are now emerging, along with the fragmentation of plots, an imperfect land market, and rising property values ​​are all emerging. The prospect of the sustainability of agricultural systems was also analysed under different scenarios, highlighting the complexity of policy options. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous Prediction of four ATP‐binding Cassette Transporters’ Substrates Using Multi‐label QSAR
Authors: Aniceto Natália , Freitas Alex A. , Bender Andreas , Ghafourian Taravat 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEfflux by the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters affects the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs and it has been implicated in drug‐drug interactions as well as its major role in multi‐drug resistance in cancer. It is therefore important for the pharmaceutical industry to be able to understand what phenomena rule ABC substrate recognition. Considering a high degree of substrate overlap between various members of ABC transporter family, it is advantageous to employ a multi‐label classification approach where predictions made for one transporter can be used for modeling of the other ABC transporters. Here, we present decision tree‐based QSAR classification models able to simultaneously predict substrates and non‐substrates for BCRP1, P‐gp/MDR1 and MRP1 and MRP2, using a dataset of 1493 compounds. To this end, two multi‐label classification QSAR modelling approaches were adopted: Binary Relevance (BR) and Classifier Chain (CC). Even though both multi‐label models yielded similar predictive performances in terms of overall accuracies (close to 70 %), the CC model overcame the problem of skewed performance towards identifying substrates compared with non‐substrates, which is a common problem in the literature. The models were thoroughly validated by using external testing, applicability domain and activity cliffs characterization. In conclusion, a multi‐label classification approach is an appropriate alternative for the prediction of ABC efflux.
Echo intensity and muscle thickness as predictors Of athleticism and isometric strength in middle‐school boys
Authors: Stock Matt S. , Mota Jacob A. , Hernandez Jennah M. , Thompson Brennan J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroductionWe examined correlations among echo intensity and muscle thickness versus measures of athleticism and isometric strength in healthy children.MethodsB‐mode ultrasonography was used to examine the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) in 28 boys (mean age = 12 years). Tests of athleticism included jump height and peak velocity, sprint speed, and agility. Peak torque and the rate of torque development (RTD) at 100 and 200 ms from torque onset were assessed.ResultsSeveral significant correlations existed after controlling for age and mass. RF thickness showed the strongest correlations with the dependent variables. Both RTD time intervals, but not peak torque, correlated with VL thickness. Peak torque was greatly influenced by age and mass. Echo intensity and muscle thickness correlated highly with agility performance.ConclusionsVL and RF echo intensity and muscle thickness may help predict athleticism, and to a lesser extent, RTD, in boys. Muscle Nerve 55: 685–692, 2017
Improvement of severe baseline lower urinary tract symptoms following robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy
Authors: Jazayeri Seyed Behzad , Sebrow Dov , Lavery Hugh , Hobbs Adele , Levinson Adam , Samadi David B. 
Published: September 2016

AimsThis study was designed to assess lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) following robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.MethodsIn a single surgeon series, 938 patients underwent robotic prostatectomy and completed International Prostate Symptom Score surveys at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up. Patients preoperative LUTS were categorized as mild, moderate, or severe according to the original International Prostate Symptom Score validation. Patient demographics, in addition to clinical and pathologic outcomes were obtained from an Institutional Review Board‐approved database.ResultsPreoperatively, 55.8% of patients presented with mild, 36.4% with moderate, and 7.8% with severe LUTS. Increased prostate size trended with increased LUTS severity (P < 0.001). Patients who had severe preoperative LUTS witnessed a 57% reduction in International Prostate Symptom Score (from 24.1 to 10.7, P < 0.001). Men with moderate preoperative LUTS also witnessed a significant decrease in postoperative LUTS (from 12.1 to 8.3, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe majority of patients with moderate or severe LUTS improved significantly following robotic prostatectomy, with the largest improvements seen in the severe group. Prostate cancer patients with severe LUTS should be counseled on the beneficial role of robotic prostatectomy in an effort to improve their voiding dysfunction and as a viable cancer treatment.
Safety and efficacy of new oral anticoagulants and low‐molecular‐weight heparins compared with aspirin in patients undergoing total knee and hip replacements
Authors: Nielen Johannes T. H. , Dagnelie Pieter C. , Emans Pieter J. , Veldhorst‐Janssen Nicole , Lalmohamed Arief , van Staa Tjeerd‐Pieter , Boonen Annelies E. R. C. H. , van den Bemt Bart J. F. , de Vries Frank 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere has been much debate recently on the best type of thromboprophylaxis following elective total joint replacement surgery.ObjectiveThis study aims to compare rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE), gastro‐intestinal (GI) bleeding and mortality events, with use of new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) or low‐molecular‐weight heparins (LMWHs) compared with aspirin in patients undergoing total joint replacement.MethodsA population‐based retrospective cohort study was performed using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Patients ≥18 years of age who had undergone total knee (n = 3261) or hip replacement (THR (n = 4016)) between 2008 and 2012 were included. Within this population, three cohorts were selected, based on their first prescription within the 35‐day period after surgery: use of NOACs only, LMWHs only and aspirin only. Incidence rates were calculated, and Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to estimate the risk of VTE, GI bleeding and all‐cause mortality with the use of NOACs and LMWHs compared with aspirin use after total knee replacement and THR. We statistically adjusted our analyses for lifestyle factors, comorbidities and concomitant drug use.ResultsTotal knee replacement and THR patients currently on LMWHs had higher risk of VTE (HR = 17.2 (6.9–43.0) and HR = 39.5 (18.0–87.0), respectively), GI bleeding (HR = 20.9 (1.9–232.3) and HR = 2.0 (0.2–17.2), respectively) and all‐cause mortality (HR = 4.3 (1.7–12.4) and HR = 4.0 (2.4–6.7), respectively). NOAC use was associated with an increased risk of GI bleeding in patients undergoing THR surgery.ConclusionsIn contrast to previous studies, we found an increased risk of VTE, GI bleeding and all‐cause mortality with the use of LMWHs compared with aspirin. Risk of GI bleeding was increased with the use of NOACs compared with aspirin use after THR surgery. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomized trial of lottery‐based incentives and reminders to improve warfarin adherence: the Warfarin Incentives (WIN2) Trial
Authors: Kimmel Stephen E. , Troxel Andrea B. , French Benjamin , Loewenstein George , Doshi Jalpa A. , Hecht Todd E. H. , Laskin Mitchell , Brensinger Colleen M. , Meussner Chris , Volpp Kevin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has suggested that daily lottery incentives could improve medication adherence. Such daily incentives include implicit reminders. However, the comparative effectiveness of reminders alone versus daily incentives has not been tested.MethodsA total of 270 patients on warfarin were enrolled in a four‐arm, multi‐center, randomized controlled trial comparing a daily lottery‐based incentive, a daily reminder, and a combination of the two against a control group (usual care).ResultsParticipants in the reminder group had the lowest percentage of time out of target international normalized ratio (INR) range, the primary outcome, with an adjusted odds of an out‐of‐range INR 36% lower than among those in the control group, 95%CI [7%, 55%]. No other group had a statistically significant improvement in anticoagulation control relative to the control group or to each other. The only group that had significant improvement in incorrect adherence was the lottery group (incorrect adherence: 12.1% compared with 23.7% in the control group, difference of −7.4% 95%CI [−14%, −0.3%]). However, there was no relationship between changes in adherence and anticoagulation control in the lottery group.ConclusionsAutomated reminders led to the largest improvements in anticoagulation control, although without impacting measured adherence. Lottery‐based reminders improved measured adherence but did not lead to improved anticoagulation control. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das kleinste Endoskop der Welt per 3D‐Druck
Authors: Giessen Harald , Gissibl Timo , Thiele Simon , Herkommer Alois 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWer schon einmal eine Darm‐ oder Magenspiegelung über sich ergehen lassen musste, kann ein Lied davon singen: Heutige Endoskope sind nach wie vor recht groß und beeinträchtigen die Patienten sehr, sofern sie nicht narkotisiert werden. Wie viel angenehmer wäre es doch, wenn man Endoskope hätte, die nur wenig dicker als ein Haar wären. Unserer Gruppe an der Universität Stuttgart ist es gelungen, in einem einfachen 3D‐Druckverfahren 100 μm kleine Optiken direkt auf Glasfasern herzustellen.
Verschränkung als Einbahnstraße
Authors: Wollmann Sabine 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDas erstmals 1935 von Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky und Nathan Rosen beschriebene Phänomen der Verschränkung liegt fundamentalen Quantenkommunikationsprotokollen wie der Teleportation zu Grunde. Hierin sind zwei oder mehr Quantenpartner über eine “spukhafte Fernwirkung”, wie Einstein sagte, miteinander verbunden. Diese Art der Verschränkung ist symmetrisch. Theoretisch gibt es aber auch die Möglichkeit, dass nur ein Partner den anderen steuert, aber nicht umgekehrt. Unserer Gruppe an der Universität von Brisbane ist kürzlich der experimentelle Beweis hierfür gelungen.
Im Schatten eines Schattens
Authors: Schlichting H. Joachim 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWenn man bei niedrig stehender Sonne in den Schatten eines hinter einem stehenden Baumes tritt, kann man eine interessante Beobachtung machen: Unser Kopfschatten wird schmaler. Ursache ist ein verblüffendes Zusammenspiel von Kern‐ und Übergangsschatten.