bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The beer and biofuels laboratory: A report on implementing and supporting a large, interdisciplinary, yeast‐focused course‐based undergraduate research experience
Authors: Pedwell Rhianna K. , Fraser James A. , Wang Jack T. H. , Clegg Jack K. , Chartres Jy D. , Rowland Susan L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCourse‐integrated Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) involve large numbers of students in real research. We describe a late‐year microbiology CURE in which students use yeast to address a research question around beer brewing or synthesizing biofuel; the interdisciplinary student‐designed project incorporates genetics, bioinformatics, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and microbiology. Students perceived significant learning gains around multiple technical and “becoming a scientist” aspects of the project. The project is demanding for both the students and the academic implementers. We examine the rich landscape of support and interaction that this CURE both encourages and requires while also considering how we can support the exercise better and more sustainably. The findings from this study provide a picture of a CURE implementation that has begun to reach the limits of both the students' and the academics' capacities to complete it. © 2018 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(3):213–222, 2018.
Development of a software tool for teaching real‐time state simulation of water distribution networks
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhou Xue , Wang Luobin , Wang Kai , Wang Wendong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn educational software tool was developed for teaching the real‐time state simulation of water distribution networks (WDNs) to municipal engineering students. The weighted‐least‐square model and Davidon–Fletcher–Powell (DFP) algorithm were used to calculate the state variable values with real‐time measurements. The software tool was composed of three modules, including network loading, state simulation, and data management. The program and the relevant graphical user interface were coded using Delphi 7.0. The performance of the software tool was proved to be effective in teaching and learning by two evaluation approaches. Moreover, the positive results also encouraged software developers and lecturers to produce or at least use computer‐aided tools for educational purposes.
Rational Syntheses and Serendipity: Complexes [LSnPtCl2(SMe2)]2, [{LSnPtCl(SMe2)}2SnCl2], [(LSn)3(PtCl2)(PtClSnCl){LSn(Cl)OH}], and [O(SnCl)2(SnL)2] with L=MeN(CH2CMe2O)2
Authors: Zöller Thomas , Dietz Christina , Winter Florian , Pöttgen Rainer , Gorelsky Serge I. , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja , Jurkschat Klaus 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSyntheses and molecular structures of the dimeric tin–platinum complex [LSnPtCl2(SMe2)]2 (2), the tin–platinum clusters [{LSnPtCl(SMe2)}2SnCl2)] (3) and [(LSn)3(PtCl2)(PtClSnCl)(LSnOHCl)] (6) (L=MeN(CH2CMe2O−)2), and of the unprecedented tin(II) aminoalkoxide–tin oxide chloride complex [O(SnCl)2⋅(SnL)2] (5) are reported. The compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 119Sn, 195Pt), 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy (1–3, 6), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, elemental analyses, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses (2⋅CH2Cl2, 3⋅2 C4H8O, 5, 6⋅3CH2Cl2). The tin(II) aminoalkoxide [MeN(CH2CMe2O)2Sn]2 (1) behaves like a neutral ligand, inserts into a Pt−Cl bond, or is involved in rearrangement reactions with the different behavior occurring even within one compound (3, 6). DFT calculations show that the tin–platinum compounds behave like electronic chameleons.
A Zwitterionic Ligand‐Based Cationic Metal‐Organic Framework for Rapidly Selective Dye Capture and Highly Efficient Cr2O72− Removal
Authors: Zhang Chenghui , Liu Yuchuan , Sun Libo , Shi Huaizhong , Shi Chao , Liang Zhiqiang , Li Jiyang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA cationic metal–organic framework (MOF), [Cu2L(H2O)2]⋅(NO3)2⋅5.5 H2O (1) has been successfully synthesized from a zwitterionic ligand 1,1′‐bis(3,5‐dicarboxyphenyl)‐4,4′‐bipyridinium chlorine ([H4L]Cl2). The framework of compound 1 contains classical {Cu2(O2C)4} paddlewheels, and possesses typical nbo‐type topology and two types of channels with sizes of 5.0 and 15.54 Å. Benefitting from the 3D cationic framework and high pore volume, compound 1 shows interesting selective adsorption ability for anionic dyes. Such material can be successfully employed in a chromatographic column to efficiently separate mixed dyes of Fluorescein Sodium and Methylene Blue. In addition, compound 1 exhibits excellent Cr2O72− removal capacity with maximum adsorption amount of 222.5 mg g−1, which ranks among the higher Cr2O72− adsorption amounts of MOF materials ever reported, based on ion‐exchange. The strategy to construct cationic MOFs based on zwitterionic ligands will promote the development of functional porous materials for the capture and removal of anionic pollutant species from contaminated liquid.
Photochromic Crystalline Systems Mimicking Bio‐Functions
Authors: Uchida Kingo , Nishimura Ryo , Hatano Eri , Mayama Hiroyuki , Yokojima Satoshi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhotoresponsive crystalline systems mimicking bio‐functions are prepared using photochromic diarylethenes. Upon UV irradiation of the diarylethene crystal, the photogenerated closed‐ring isomers self‐aggregate to form needle‐shaped crystals on the surface. The rough surface shows the superhydrophobic lotus effect. In addition, the rose‐petal effects of wetting, the anti‐reflective moth‐eye effect, and a double‐roughness structure mimicking the surface of a lotus leaf are observed by controlling the heating procedures, UV irradiation processes, and molecular structural modification. By changing the molecular structure, a superhydrophilic surface mimicking a snail shell can be generated. We also find the crystal of a diarylethene derivative that shows a photosalient effect. The effect is observed partly due to the hollow structure of the crystal. It is demonstrated that a photo‐response similar to the response of impatiens plant to stimulation is observed by packing small beads in the hollow. These photoresponsive functions are unique, and they demonstrate a macroscopic response by means of microscopic molecular movement induced by light. In the future, such a molecular assembly system will be a promising candidate for fabricating photoresponsive architectures and soft robots.
Entropy‐Driven Reversible Agglomeration of Crown Ether Capped Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Hill Alexander P. , Kunstmann‐Olsen Casper , Grzelczak Marcin P. , Brust Mathias 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt is shown that plasmonic gold nanoparticles functionalised with a thiolated 18‐crown‐6 ligand shell agglomerate spontaneously from aqueous dispersion at elevated temperatures. This process takes place over a narrow temperature range, is accompanied by a colour change from red to purple‐blue and is fully reversible. Moreover, the temperature at which it occurs can be adjusted by the degree of complexation of the crown ether moiety with appropriate cations. More complexation leads to higher transition temperatures. The process has been studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. A thermodynamic rationale is provided to suggest an entropy‐driven endothermic agglomeration process based on attractive hydrophobic interactions of the complexed crowns that are competing against electrostatic repulsion of the charged ligand shells.
Characteristics of CO2 adsorption on biochar derived from biomass pyrolysis in molten salt
Authors: Guo Tianxiang , Ma Nan , Pan Yuanfeng , Bedane Alemayehu H. , Xiao Huining , Eić Mladen , Du Yarong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis work focused on the preparation and characterization of a promising biochar as a novel solid adsorbent towards CO2. The biochar was prepared by catalytic pyrolysis of waste roasted peanut shell in molten salt; it was characterized by means of SEM‐EDS, BET, FTIR, and TGA, followed by determining the adsorption characteristics, such as adsorption capacity, isosteric heat of adsorption, uptake rate, and selectivity via adsorption temperature and gas pressure. The results indicated that the as‐prepared biochar had a rich microporous structure with a peak pore size in the range of 0.69–1.3 nm, and exhibited a good performance of CO2 adsorption with a capacity of 3.8 mmol/g at 273 K and 100 kPa. Moreover, the adsorption selectivity of CO2 over N2, O2, CO, and CH4 was found to be above 12, 11, 8, and 7, respectively. In addition, an interesting phenomenon of an initial increase and then a decrease in the selectivity of CO2/N2 adsorption with increasing gas pressure was experimentally revealed.
SOX10/keratin dual‐color immunohistochemistry: An effective first‐line test for the workup of epithelioid malignant neoplasms in FNA and small biopsy specimens
Authors: Mito Jeffrey K. , Conner James R. , Hornick Jason L. , Cibas Edmund S. , Qian Xiaohua 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDThe characterization of poorly differentiated neoplasms in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and small biopsy specimens usually requires immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a panel of markers. Because of an increasing need to preserve limited diagnostic material for tumor genotyping and a mounting demand for cost containment, the authors investigated the usefulness of dual‐color IHC with antibodies directed against broad‐spectrum keratins and SOX10, a neuroectodermal transcription factor consistently expressed in melanoma, in the workup of epithelioid malignant neoplasms.METHODSA total of 107 cases of FNA cell blocks (49 cases) and small biopsies (58 cases) were selected, including 34 melanomas, 31 epithelioid/pleomorphic sarcomas, and 42 carcinomas. IHC was performed on all specimens using a peroxidase‐based brown chromogen for SOX10 and an alkaline phosphatase‐based red chromogen for keratins AE1/AE3. The presence or absence of staining in lesional cells was scored.RESULTSThe majority of tumors demonstrated 1 of 3 distinct patterns: 1) malignant melanomas with nuclear SOX10 (sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 95%); 2) epithelioid/pleomorphic sarcomas negative for both SOX10 and AE1/AE3 (sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 88%); and 3) carcinomas with cytoplasmic AE1/AE3 (sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 98%). In addition, a fourth pattern with cytoplasmic AE1/AE3 and nuclear SOX10 was observed in a subset of carcinomas, most notably triple‐negative breast cancers.CONCLUSIONSSOX10/keratin dual‐color IHC appears to be an effective, sensitive, and specific test to distinguish between melanoma, sarcoma, and carcinoma. This approach can identify melanoma, prioritize additional studies, and limit the number of markers needed to workup an epithelioid malignant neoplasm, thereby potentially reducing costs and preserving valuable tissue for ancillary studies with which to guide therapy. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:179‐89. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
How Does the Encapsulation of Porphyrinic Photosensitizers into Polymer Matrices Affect Their Self‐Association and Dynamic Properties?
Authors: Gjuroski Ilche , Furrer Julien , Vermathen Martina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) with porphyrinic photosensitizers largely relies on efficient drug formulations to prevent porphyrin aggregation and to enhance water solubility and stability in physiologic environments. In this study, we compare two polymeric carrier systems, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and block copolymer micelles (BCMs) formed by the poloxamer Kolliphor P188 (KP), for their encapsulation efficiencies of porphyrin (xPP) and chlorin e6 (xCE) derivatives. Monomerization, loading efficiency, and dynamic properties were examined by 1H NMR spectroscopy chemical shift titration, DOSY, and T2 relaxation time measurements. Binding affinity was determined by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Both PVP and KP‐BCMs were well suited to disaggregate and encapsulate amphiphilic xCE, whereas they were less efficient for the xPP compounds. PVP exhibited higher monomerization efficiency than KP‐BCMs. Significant differences were found in the dynamic behavior of the carriers. PVP formed rather stable complexes with the porphyrinic compounds, whereas a dynamic equilibrium between free and bound porphyrins was found to exist in the presence of KP‐BCMs. This may have a considerable impact on the pharmacokinetic properties of the corresponding delivery systems.
Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to CO by Cobalt(II) Tripodal Complexes: Low Overpotentials, High Efficiency and Selectivity
Authors: Wang Jia‐Wei , Huang Hai‐Hua , Sun Jia‐Kai , Ouyang Ting , Zhong Di‐Chang , Lu Tong‐Bu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) has been considered as an approach to mitigate global warming and to provide renewable carbon‐based fuels. Rational design of efficient, selective, and inexpensive catalysts with low overpotentials is urgently desired. In this study, four cobalt(II) tripodal complexes are tested as catalysts for CO2 reduction to CO in a MeCN/H2O (4:1 v/v) solution. The replacement of pyridyl groups in the ligands with less basic quinolinyl groups greatly reduces the required overpotential for CO2‐to‐CO conversion down to 200–380 mV. Benefitting from the low overpotentials, a photocatalyst system for CO2‐to‐CO conversion is successfully constructed, with an maximum turnover number (TON) of 10 650±750, a turnover frequency (TOF) of 1150±80 h−1, and almost 100 % selectivity to CO. These outstanding catalytic performances are further elucidated by DFT calculations.
Intrusion detection in RFID system using computational intelligence approach for underground mines
Authors: Gautam Sunil Kumar , Om Hari 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe radio frequency identification technology (RFID) is commonly used for object tracking and monitoring. In this paper, we discuss a model for intrusion detection system based on RFID to identify the abnormal behavior of underground mines' toxic gases. This model consists of various types of sensor nodes that are integrated with RFID tag, which are deployed in the underground mines by using Zigbee protocol. It consists of coordinators, routers, and sensor nodes, according to different capabilities and the probabilities of intrusive activities that occur in underground mines. It can detect the real‐time abnormal behavior of the toxic gases viz. methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen dioxide gases, using artificial neural network middleware techniques. It increases the detection accuracy and reduces the false alarm rate, using multilayer perceptron, radial basis function network, and probabilistic and general regression neural network (PNN/GRNN) techniques. The simulations are performed on the toxic gas dataset, which has been generated in a real‐time scenario by using different gas sensors. The real‐time dataset contains intrusive and nonintrusive values of methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen dioxide gases. Experimentally, the PNN/GRNN provides higher detection accuracy as 90.153% for carbon monoxide, 86.713% for carbon dioxide, 93.752% for hydrogen sulfide, and 75.472% for nitrogen dioxide. The PNN/GRNN also provides low false alarm rate as 9.85% for carbon monoxide, 13.29% for carbon dioxide, 6.24% for hydrogen sulfide, and 24.53% for nitrogen dioxide compared with the multilayer perceptron and radial basis function networks.
Ecological differentiation, speciation, and rarity: How do they match in Tephroseris longifolia agg. (Asteraceae)?
Authors: Janišová Monika , Skokanová Katarína , Hlásny Tomáš 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTephroseris longifolia agg. is a complex group of outcrossing perennials distributed throughout Central Europe. Recent morphological study revealed six morphotypes corresponding to five previously distinguished subspecies, together with Alpine and Pannonian morphotypes of T. longifolia subsp. longifolia. The delimited morphotypes differ in relative DNA content, geographical range, and rarity. We compared ecological niches of the six morphotypes in order to assess the impact of ecological differentiation on the speciation processes within the T. longifolia agg. Further, we examined whether morphotypes with small range are more ecologically specialized than their widespread relatives. The distribution area of the aggregate includes the Alps, Apennines, Carpathians, and the Pannonian Basin. Ecological variables linked to climate, topography, soil, and vegetation were gathered from 135 circular plots recorded in 35 localities. Related variables were grouped to describe the partial ecological niches: climatic, topographic, pedological, biotic, and coenotic (based either on vascular plants or on bryophytes), each of them visualized as an envelope in the two‐dimensional nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination space. Each partial ecological niche for a given morphotype was characterized by its position (location of the envelope centroid), breadth (surface of the envelope), and overlaps with envelopes of the other morphotypes. Mantel statistics based on Spearman correlation coefficients were used to quantify differentiation of morphotypes in ecological parameters represented by the partial ecological niches. The significant niche differentiation was confirmed for climatic, topographic, pedological, and vascular plant‐based coenotic niches. Ecological niche differentiation corresponded well to morphological and partially also to karyological differentiation. Narrowly distributed morphotypes occupied more specific habitats and had narrower ecological niches than their widespread relatives. Ecological differentiation could be considered an important driver in allopatric speciation within the T. longifolia agg. Our results demonstrate that quantification of ecological divergence is helpful in assessing evolutionary history of closely related taxa.
Postreproductive lifespans are rare in mammals
Authors: Ellis Samuel , Franks Daniel W. , Nattrass Stuart , Cant Michael A. , Bradley Destiny L. , Giles Deborah , Balcomb Kenneth C. , Croft Darren P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA species has a post‐reproductive stage if, like humans, a female entering the adult population can expect to live a substantial proportion of their life after their last reproductive event. However, it is conceptually and statistically challenging to distinguish these true post‐reproductive stages from the usual processes of senescence, which can result in females occasionally surviving past their last reproductive event. Hence, despite considerable interest, the taxonomic prevalence of post‐reproductive stages remains unclear and debated. In this study we use life tables constructed from published data on wild populations of mammals, and statistical measures of post‐reproductive lifespans, to distinguish true post‐reproductive stages from artefacts of senescence and demography in 52 species. We find post‐reproductive stages are rare in mammals and are limited to humans and a few species of toothed whales. By resolving this long‐standing debate, we hope to provide clarity for researchers in the field of evolutionary biology and a solid foundation for further studies investigating the evolution and adaptive significance of this unusual life history trait.
Characterization and Polymerization of Epoxidized Methacrylated Castor Oil
Authors: Çayli Gökhan , Gürbüz Demet , Çınarli Adem 
Published: January 2018

In this study, synthesis and polymerization of epoxidized methacrylated castor oil (EMETCO) is demonstrated. EMETCO is synthesized in two steps. Castor oil (CO) is methacrylated with methacryloyl chloride at the first step. Then the methacrylated castor oil (METCO) is epoxidized by Prilezhaev reaction. Structure of EMETCO is determined by1H NMR and IR techniques. EMETCO was copolymerized with acrylic acid (AA), styrene (ST), and methacrylic acid (MA). Thermal and mechanical properties of the synthesized polymers are evaluated. Among the polymers synthesized EMETCO‐ST‐MA polymer gives the highest storage modulus at 2.25 GPa. On the other hand, EMETCO‐AA copolymer exhibited the lowest storage modulus at 350 MPa. Moreover, EMETCO‐ST copolymer shows the lowest 5% weight loss temperature while EMETCO‐MA exhibited the highest 5% weight loss temperature at 280 °C.Practical Applications: Epoxidized Methacrylated Castor Oil is a bio‐based epoxy acrylate monomer. The low viscosity and two different functional groups make this material suitable for many polymerization reactions and applications. This compound would be used as a replacement materials for many industrial monomers such as styrene, acrylated epoxidized soybean oil, or prepolymers in the future.EMETCO is a castor oil based epoxy acrylate monomer. It is a hybrid material that contains different types of polymerizable groups. Synthesis of the monomer is not complicated and completed in two steps. Methacrylation of castor oil occurs at the first step and epoxidation follows that reaction. The resultant compounds is a transparent oil.
Nano‐amylose‐2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)‐silica hybrid sol immobilized on open tubular capillary column for capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation
Authors: Sun Yaming , Wu Qi , Shi Xiaofeng , Gao Jie , Dong Shuqing , Zhao Liang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe chiral organic‐inorganic hybrid materials can exhibit a high loading, and the chiral selector nanoparticles can create efficient stationary phases for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT‐CEC). Hence, a novel protocol for the preparation of an OT column coated with nano‐amylose‐2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) (nano‐ABDMPC)‐silica hybrid sol through in situ layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly method was developed for CEC enantioseparation. By controlling the assembly cycle number of nano‐ABDMPC‐silica hybrid sol, a homogeneous, dense and stable coating was successfully prepared, which was confirmed by SEM and elemental analysis. As the main parameter influencing the chiral separating effect, the nano‐ABDMPC bearing 3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl residues concentration was investigated. The experimental results showed that 10.0 mg/mL nano‐ABDMPC bearing 3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl residues coated OT capillary column possessed chiral recognition ability toward the six enantiomers (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, phenethyl alcohol, 1‐phenyl‐2‐propanol, and Tröger's base) at some of the different conditions tested. Additionally, the coated OT column revealed adequate repeatability concerning run‐to‐run, day‐to‐day and column‐to‐column. These results demonstrated the promising applicability of nano‐ABDMPC‐silica hybrid sol coated OT column in CEC enantioseparations.