bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Contribution of Parental Perceptions to Childhood Anxiety
Authors: Esbjørn Barbara H. , Caspersen Ida D. , Sømhovd Mikael J. , Breinholst Sonja , Reinholdt-Dunne Marie Louise 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Parental rearing practices such as over-involvement are associated with childhood anxiety; however, little is known about the contribution of parental perceptions to child anxiety. This study explores the relationship between maternal and paternal perceptions of parenting and childhood anxiety. The perceived rearing behaviors and parental sense of competence (i.e., satisfaction and efficacy) of the parents of anxious children (n = 59) were compared with those of a non-clinical control sample (n = 44). In line with the findings from the literature that addresses externalizing disorders, parental sense of competence was significantly associated with childhood outcomes. Logistical regression suggested that paternal efficacy beliefs, acceptance, and maternal satisfaction were associated with an absence of clinical anxiety and lower levels of anxiety symptoms in children. Parental perceptions may thus provide an important area for understanding childhood anxiety.
Early-Onset Schizophrenia: Exploring the Contribution of the Thought Disorder Index to Clinical Assessment
Authors: Andersen Dorte Bundgaard , Vernal Ditte Lammers , Bilenberg Niels , Væver Mette Skovgaard , Stenstrøm Anne Dorte 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background:
Differentiating diagnostically between schizophrenia and emotional and personality disorders with psychotic or psychotic-like symptoms is a challenging task. It is especially difficult when working with adolescent patients, because their symptoms tend to manifest at lower levels as compared with adult patients. Thought disorder is a core symptom of schizophrenia, and the Rorschach Inkblot Method is widely used for the assessment of formal thought disorder.

Objective:
In this study, which is situated within ongoing clinical practice, we investigated whether the Rorschach test is helpful for assessing early-onset schizophrenia due to its ability to detect thought disorder. We also wanted to examine whether the Thought Disorder Index (TDI) is superior to the Comprehensive System (CS) for differentiating between patients with early-onset schizophrenia and non-psychotic patients experiencing auditory and visual hallucinations. An additional aim was to examine whether the TDI correlated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

Methods:
Twenty-three subjects between the ages of 12 and 18 years were examined with the use of the Rorschach test, and the protocols were scored according to both the TDI and the CS. All subjects were also assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The sample included 14 subjects who fulfilled the criteria for schizophrenia and 9 subjects who were experiencing hallucinations that emanated from severe emotional and relational problems but who had different non-psychotic disorders.

Results:
Although the two groups could not be distinguished with regard to their total scores for thought disorder, the identification of specific thought disorder types proved useful for differential diagnosis. Verbalizations that were categorized by the TDI as “absurd responses,” “fluidity,” “contamination,” “autistic logic,” and “word-finding difficulty” were only given by patients who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia. When patients’ responses were scored with the use of the CS, the “contamination” score was the only one found to be specific to schizophrenia.

Conclusions:
Although the sample size limits the conclusions that can be drawn, the results indicate that the TDI may be superior to the CS for the identification of thought disorder specific to—but not always present in—adolescents with schizophrenia. In other words, the absence of severe thought disorder is not synonymous with the absence of severe psychopathology, but the presence of the most severe thought disorder types (i.e., “absurd responses,” “fluidity,” “incoherence,” “contamination,” and “autistic logic”) seems to be a strong indicator of schizophrenic psychopathology.
The Growing Trend of Prescribing Antipsychotics for Young People in Finland, 2000 to 2010
Authors: Haapasalo-Pesu Kirsi-Maria , Karukivi Max , Saarijärvi Simo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background:
According to previous reports from many countries (e.g., the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom), the use of antipsychotic drugs has increased among young people. Antipsychotics have also increasingly been prescribed for non-psychotic disorders.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to estimate the rate at which antipsychotics were prescribed for young people in the age groups of 10 to 14 years, 15 to 19 years, and 20 to 24 years in Finland in the years 2000, 2005, and 2010.

Methods
This was a nationwide register study using data from the databases of Statistics Finland and the Finnish National Prescription Register. Statistics Finland’s databases provided background information, including the total number of young people and the Finnish National Prescription Register keeps record of all drug orders reimbursed by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland.

Results
The prescription of antipsychotics grew 6.8-, 4.6-, and 2.6-fold over the study period for these three age groups, respectively. For the youngest age group, use was more common among males than females in all three periods studied. During the course of the study period, the use of antipsychotics became more common among females: in 2010, antipsychotics were more commonly used among females than males in both the 15- to 19-year-old age group and the 20- to 24-year-old age group. The younger the patient, the higher the probability that the indication for medication was a non-psychotic disorder.

Conclusions
In Finland, the trends involved in the prescription of antipsychotic medications resemble those seen in many Western countries. Therefore, it is important that the safety and effectiveness of these pharmaceuticals be investigated among young people as well.
A Danish study of One-session Treatment for Specific Phobias in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Nielsen Mette Djernes , Andreasen Christina Linddahl , Thastum Mikael 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background:
One-session treatment (OST) is a short-term massed exposure therapy for the treatment of specific phobias in children and adults. Systematic reviews have demonstrated the effectiveness of the treatment for children and adolescents across countries and age groups.

Objective
A single-group open trial design was used to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of OST for youths with specific phobias in a Danish context.

Method
At the Anxiety Clinic of Aarhus University, 10 youths between the ages of 7 and 17 years who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for specific phobias were treated in accordance with the OST manual. The participants were assessed via semi-structured diagnostic interviews, clinician severity ratings, a behavioral approach test, and self- and parent report measures. Feasibility was assessed with the use of patient- and parent-report measures. Assessments were completed at before and after treatment and at the 3-month follow-up appointment.

Results
All outcome measures changed significantly from the pretreatment period to the 3-month follow-up assessment. Four (40%) of the participants were free of the targeted specific phobia after treatment, and eight (80%) were free of the phobia at the 3-month follow-up. The families were moderately satisfied with the treatment, and no patients dropped out of the study.

Conclusion
On the basis of the results of this pilot study, it may be tentatively concluded that OST could be useful for the treatment of youths with specific phobias in Denmark.
A Sustainable Rural Food–Energy–Water Nexus Framework for the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Sieverding Heidi L. , Clay David E. , Khan Eakalak , Sivaguru Jayaraman , Pattabiraman Mahesh , Koodali Ranjit T. , Ndiva‐Mongoh Mafany , Stone James J. 
Published: June 2016

Core Ideas
Rural food–energy–water nexus sustainability is a wicked problem with no easy solution.
Rural areas are net exporters of products.
Sustainability must begin at the source of the supply chain—the farm, ranch, mine, or well.
Rural areas have strengths, critical vulnerabilities, opportunities, and threats.
Regional threshold indicators can be used to prevent tipping points and avoid system collapse.
The expected worldwide demand for agriculture, energy, and manufactured products will result in a supply chain that is increasingly dependent on exported rural products (e.g., livestock, cereal grains, fossil fuel, and biofuel). Rural areas such as the northern Great Plains are net exporters of food and energy, essentially “mining” valuable water and nutrient resources to do so. Rural areas are the foundation of supply chains; thus, to achieve sustainability, one must begin focusing at the source of the supply chain– with the farm, ranch, mine, or well. There are many knowledge gaps within the food–energy–water nexus in rural areas that shroud regional sustainability thresholds. Research and legislation are needed to address these critical issues.
Effects of Throughfall Exclusion, Soil Texture and Spatial Continuity on Soil Water Repellency in Fichtel Mountains, Germany
Authors: Fishkis Olga , Müller Karoly , Hable Robert , Huwe Bernd 
Published: June 2016

Core IdeasDrought reduces soil wettability even after eliminating the effect of soil moistureSand and clay content significantly decreased, while silt content increased WDPTWDPT shows low spatial dependence on mesoscale at lags from 0.6 m to 5.2 mThe occurrence of soil water repellency (SWR) in soil is controlled by soil organic matter (SOM) composition and is strongly soil‐moisture dependent. During drying the reduction of water content in soil has been shown to induce the outward orientation of nonpolar ends of organic compounds and hence the increase in SWR. A prolonged drought can however also induce changes in SOM composition which in turn can affect SWR. In this study, we eliminate differences in water content after prolonged throughfall exclusion and a control treatment by oven‐drying of the soil samples, to test if a prolonged drought affects SWR even after excluding the direct effect of soil moisture. In addition, the relevance of soil texture variability and spatial dependence of SWR for prediction of soil wettability distribution over the study area was explored. The samples of the upper mineral soil horizon were taken from six plots in Fichtel Mountains, subjected to a throughfall exclusion or control treatments, oven‐dried and analyzed for soil texture and water drop penetration time (WDPT). A linear model with spatially correlated random effects was used to quantify the effects of soil texture and treatment on the persistence of the SWR and to simultaneously evaluate the spatial structure of the SWR. Based on estimated parameters the persistence of SWR was calculated on unsampled locations by robust kriging with external drift. The throughfall exclusion treatment significantly increased the log(WDPT) (p< 0.01) of the oven‐dried soil by 0.46. The clay content and the sand content had highly significant (p< 0.001) negative effects, while silt content had positive effects on the log(WDPT). The variogram parameter with a range of 5.2 m, a nugget of 0.25, and a sill of 0.45 indicated a rather low degree of spatial dependence of log(WDPT). The main outcome of this study is that the positive effect of throughfall exclusion on SWR cannot be fully attributed to water content reduction. Most probably the drought‐induced changes in SOM composition and microbial community were responsible for the observed increase in SWR.
A PROPÓSITO DA HIDROVIA ARAGUAIA-RIO DAS MORTES-TOCANTINS
Authors: Teixeira Neto Antônio 
Published: June 2016

Até um passado recente, sempre se considerava o Araguaia como via da redenção econômica de Goiás e Tocantins. Isolado do litoral, o território goiano-tocantinense buscava uma saída para o mar por água – Belém, no norte do país era o porto mais próximo e mais viável –, por isto a hidrovia seria o caminho mais curto e, economicamente, o mais viável. Infelizmente, fracassaram os projetos e as tentativas práticas de se fazer do grande rio uma via navegável e o caminho da riqueza econômica dos goaino-tocantinenses. Volta e meia esse assunto vem à tona nos meios empresariais, políticos e administrativos. Mas, sem muito refletir sobre o assunto, imaginam que, sem muito esforço, épossível implantar hidrovias num fechar e abrir de olhos, sem atentar para os problemas que disso decorre principalmente os de natureza social e ambiental. Mesmo diante da existência de estudos mostrando a inviabilidade do grande projeto – agora rebatizado de Hidrovia Araguaia-Tocantins-Rio das Mortes e ressuscitado pelo Senado Federal –, os nossos políticos insistem nesta obra, que pode morrer no nascedouro, e as razões são principalmente de ordem técnica e, não menos importante, sociais e ambientais, como mostraremos a seguir.
Natureza, recursos minerais e sertão goiano nas obras de Zoroastro
Authors: . Artiaga , Galvão Tavares Giovana 
Published: June 2016

Este texto expõe a trajetória de vida e a produção cultural e/ou científica de Zoroastro Artiaga (1891-1972) entre as décadas de 1930 e 1940, entendo-o enquanto divulgador que buscou, por meio de discussões sobre recursos minerais, apresentar o sertão goiano a Nação brasileira, utilizando-se dos meios de comunicação regional e nacional. Para esse fim, recorre-se à historiografia da ciência que estabelece diálogo com a História Cultural. Esse diálogo permite que objetos e personagens “escondidos”, ou seja, aqueles que anteriormente eram desconsiderados pela historiografia, entrem na pauta de discussão.
Propostas de Fontes para Mirar os Rios na Perspectiva da História Ambiental: O caso dos rios Parnaíba e São Francisco
Authors: Silvério Gandara Gercinair 
Published: June 2016

Há uma pluralidade de fontes de natureza técnica, literária e historiográfica. Minha pretensão aqui é apresentar e discutir as diferentes fontes condizentes com as abordagens da História Social e Ambiental, para mirar os rios tendo como exemplo desse cenário os rios Parnaíba e São Francisco objetos da pesquisa que desenvolvo no Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado. As “cidades-beira” pela importância que assumem ao longo dos rios se destacam como fontes privilegiadas e imprescindíveis. Destarte busco compreender as influências que ambos os rios e a navegação em fase promissora em seus dorsos exerceu na vida cotidiana urbana, política e administrativa das/nas cidades que lhes margeiam.
Risks and Benefits with International Technology Transfer from Brazil to Angola
Authors: Vaisman Rafael 
Published: June 2016

Thanks to the transfer of technology from Brazil, Angola is entering the sucroalcooleiro sector with multiple aims. These include creating jobs in rural areas, diversifying the energy mix and boosting exports. Angola is one of the countries that has envisioned international technology transfer as a strategy to increase participation in the global market, while decreasing its dependence on sugar imports. While the production of ethanol and sugar can bring about some benefits, technology transfer in this area is not without risks. It needs to be carefully crafted and executed, especially in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, which is by the government plan of Angola to include, rather than exclude, the rural poor. This study shows that stakeholders presented different opinions in relation to Biocom and sustainable development. The main reason is linked to the distinction between global, national and local levels. On the global level, ITT and Biocom are seen as alternative renewable sources of energy (ethanol) to fossil fuels, on the local level there is a concern with the socio-environmental issues which local communities might face, indeed ITT and Biocom are perceived as a risk in case locals lose their lands and do not receive compensation. On the national level, while there is the expectancy of employment, infrastructure development and attraction of investments in the country, there is a lack of trust in governance by Angolan civil society; which argues that Angolan government and enterprises do not encourage public participation nor allows it to happen. Technology transfer is perceived as a business and geopolitical strategy driven by private and state interests, undermining environmental and social costs. On the other hand technology transfer is seen as a key to foster economic opportunities towards sustainable development.
Cancer Patient’s Contribution to Reduce Chemotherapy Related Burden of Travel: What Would Chemotherapy Patients Agree to Do?
Authors: Groux P. , Anchisi S. , Szucs T. 
Published: June 2016

Objective:
Many patients describe travel to cancer treatment as inconvenient and a practical hardship and it may be perceived or experienced as a barrier to treatment. We investigated whether all patients who came for chemotherapy would theoretically accept an alternative solution to reduce the number of journeys. The aim was to characterize and quantify the acceptance of these alternatives and to identify groups of patients who could be interested in alternative solutions.

Method:
All patients coming in February 2012 for chemotherapy to one of the four centres of the hospital or to the unique private practice were asked to answer a survey. Eight options to reduce the number of travels were proposed to patients undergoing chemotherapy with five possible answers “Yes”, “rather yes”, “rather no”, “No” and “I don’t know”. Impact of travel time, gender, age and the number of persons living in the same household on the results was analysed.

Results:
130 patients (62%) answered all requested questions. Acceptance of offered options varies from not acceptable at all to acceptable for a small majority of patients. Distance to travel impacts the answers for some options.

Conclusion:
Some alternatives were acceptable for some groups of patients. Particularly the transfer of the drug intake to the practice of the family doctor or preferably at home of the patient enjoyed some acceptance. These options should be investigated in further studies.
Different wavelengths of light on GnRH mRNA, LH, steroid hormones and egg lay in the ageing hens (Gallus gallus domesticus).
Authors: Ippala* Janardhan Reddy , Mishra Ashish , S. Mondal , C. David G. , G. Ravi Kiran , Awachat Vaibhav 
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of red spectrum of light (650nm, treated n=12) and normal spectrum of light (450nm control=12) on circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2β), GnRH mRNA, pause days and egg production in birds later in the reproductive period from 92-102weeks of age. Twenty-four White Leghorn birds of same age group were divided into two groups of 12 in each as control and treated. Birds in the control group were exposed to normal spectrum of light (450nm of length) and birds in the treated group were exposed to red spectrum of light (650nm, treated n=12). Egg production and inter sequence pauses were recorded daily from both the groups. Plasma LH, E2β and P4 concentrations were estimated in blood samples collected at weekly intervals. At 97th weeks of age, blood samples from treated and control birds were obtained every 3 h for 36 h to study the surges of LH. It was found that plasma GnRH was higher (p < 0. 01) in treated birds with high concentrations of LH, its 3 h LH surges, E2β and P4 in plasma. Higher egg production, less pause days in treated birds may be the result of high GnRH associated with positively correlated responses of high concentrations of LH (with regular interval and duration of LH surges), E2β and P4 concentration required for completion of egg formation and oviposition. In conclusion, red spectrum of light enhanced GnRH mRNA (p < 0. 01), increased (p < 0. 01) steroid hormones and LH surges, for egg formation and oviposition and enabled the birds to lay more eggs even later in the productive period with the available resources under normal husbandry practices.
Flocculent Settling of Food Wastes
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Monirul Islam , Kim Mingu , Haroun Basem Mikhaeil , Nakhla George , Keleman Michael 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the flocculent settling in water and municipal wastewater (MWW) in a 10.6 ft deep column. A total of eight runs at three different testing conditions involving MWW alone, food waste (FW) alone, and FW in MWW (FW+MWW) were conducted. Total suspended solid (TSS), total BOD (TBOD), total COD (TCOD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP) removal efficiencies after 3 hours of settling were 62%, 46%, 49%, 46% and 62% for FW, and 50%, 43%, 39%, 37% and 24% for MWW. Removal efficiencies of particulate COD (PCOD) and particulate BOD (PBOD) at the lowest surface overflow rate (SOR) of 1.1 m3/m2/hr corresponding to the longest settling time of 3 hours were 59% and 64% for FW, and 65% and 70% for FW with MWW samples. On the other hand, no significant variation between FW and FW with MWW was observed for PN removal after 3 hours of settling.
Measurement Properties of Instruments for Measuring of Lymphedema: Systematic Review
Authors: Hidding Janine T. , Viehoff Peter B. , Beurskens Carien H.G. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W.M. , Nijhuis-van der Sanden Maria W.G. , van der Wees Philip J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundLymphedema is a common complication of cancer treatment, resulting in swelling and subjective symptoms. Reliable and valid measurement of this side effect of medical treatment is important.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to provide best evidence regarding which measurement instruments are most appropriate in measuring lymphedema in its different stages.Data SourcesThe PubMed and Web of Science databases were used, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.Study SelectionClinical studies on measurement instruments assessing lymphedema were reviewed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) scoring instrument for quality assessment.Data ExtractionData on reliability, concurrent validity, convergent validity, sensitivity, specificity, applicability, and costs were extracted.Data SynthesisPooled data showed good intrarater intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) (.89) for bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) in the lower extremities and high intrarater and interrater ICCs for water volumetry, tape measurement, and perometry (.98–.99) in the upper extremities. In the upper extremities, the standard error of measurement was 3.6% (σ=0.7%) for water volumetry, 5.6% (σ=2.1%) for perometry, and 6.6% (σ=2.6%) for tape measurement. Sensitivity of tape measurement in the upper extremities, using different cutoff points, varied from 0.73 to 0.90, and specificity values varied from 0.72 to 0.78.LimitationsNo uniform definition of lymphedema was available, and a gold standard as a reference test was lacking. Items concerning risk of bias were study design, patient selection, description of lymphedema, blinding of test outcomes, and number of included participants.ConclusionsMeasurement instruments with evidence for good reliability and validity were BIS, water volumetry, tape measurement, and perometry, where BIS can detect alterations in extracellular fluid in stage 1 lymphedema and the other measurement instruments can detect alterations in volume starting from stage 2. In research, water volumetry is indicated as a reference test for measuring lymphedema in the upper extremities.