bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Leadership in Mental Health course for Pacific Island Nation delegates
Authors: Charlson Fiona , Redman-MacLaren Michelle , Hunter Ernest 
Published: December 2015

Objective: We report the background to and preliminary evaluation of the Leadership in Mental Health: Island Nations course, run for the first time in Cairns in conjunction with Creating Futures 2015. Conclusion: The course was well attended and well received, with increased confidence in key areas demonstrated and concerns regarding local application identified. In addition to positive comments, content and delivery issues were raised. Future opportunities for expanding upon this initial course are discussed.
‘Forgotten’: a personal comment and communiqué on West Papuan refugees
Authors: Taime Trix 
Published: December 2015

Objective: To raise awareness of the ongoing human rights violations of the Indigenous residents of West Papua and their mental health consequences. Method: The author, herself a refugee from West Papua, provides a summary comment from a presentation to the Leadership in Mental Health: Island Nations course, based on personal experience in West Papua and Papua New Guinea, and a telephone survey of West Papuan refugees resident in Australia. Result: A communiqué in solidarity from all course delegates was produced and is included. Conclusion: Human rights violations continue in West Papua, and the plight of its indigenous residents and West Papuan refugees in Papua New Guinea and Australia are dire and should not be ‘forgotten’.
One-year results of needle fasciotomy and collagenase injection in treatment of Dupuytren’s contracture: A two-centre prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Scherman P. , Jenmalm P. , Dahlin L.B. 
Published: December 2015

The objective of this study was to compare early and 1 year outcome of needle fasciotomy and collagenase injection for Dupuytren′s disease. Inclusion criteria were primary Dupuytren’s contracture excluding the thumb with a palpable cord and a total extension deficit, i.e. a fixed flexion from 30° to 135° with less than 60° in the proximal interphalangeal joint. The most affected ray was randomized to either treatment at two centres. Passive extension deficits for each joint before and after treatment, and at 3 and 12 months, were recorded together with complications. A total of 96 rays in 93 patients were included. The average total extension deficits before treatment were 60° or more in both groups, and were largely made up of contractures at the metacarpophalangeal joints. The deficits were reduced by 75% in both groups at 3 months and by 70% in both groups at 12 months. Four patients in the needle fasciotomy group and eight patients in the collagenase group had skin ruptures. At 3 months and 1 year, the outcomes of needle fasciotomy and collagenase injection are the same in Dupuytren’s disease with predominantly metacarpophalangeal joint involvement. Level of evidence: 2.
Two sides of the coin: A qualitative study of patient and provider perspectives on colorectal, breast and cervical cancer screening in a low-income Asian community
Authors: Wee Liang En , Lim Li Yan , Koh Gerald Choon-Huat 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: Patient and provider barriers to cancer screening in disadvantaged Asian populations are understudied. We conducted a qualitative study of attitudes to screening for colorectal, cervical and breast cancer within low-income communities in Singapore. Methods: Interviewers elicited perceptions of barriers/enablers to cancer screening amongst patients eligible for fecal occult blood test (FOBT)/Pap smear/mammograms, and providers serving these low-income communities. Interview transcripts were analyzed thematically using established qualitative methodology. Results: Twenty patients and nine providers were interviewed. Patient and provider comments were grouped into seven content areas: primary care characteristics (PCC), procedural issues, knowledge, costs, priorities, attitudes, and information sources. For FOBT, the most frequently mentioned content areas were knowledge (61.2%) and attitudes (16.9%) for patients, and knowledge (19.5%) and PCC (18.6%) for providers. For Pap smears, it was knowledge (23.6%) and costs (20.5%) for patients, and PCC (33.8%) and knowledge (19.1%) for providers. For mammograms, it was knowledge (41.4%) and sources of information (15.9%) for patients, and knowledge (28.8%) and procedural issues (19.2%) for providers. Conclusion: While PCC, knowledge and costs were the main contributors as perceived by physicians, knowledge and attitudes were the biggest barriers from patients’ perspectives. Differences in perceptions of cancer screening exist between low-income patients and providers serving them.
Adrenocortical tumor in a cat secreting more than one type of corticosteroid
Authors: Guerios Simone Domit , Souza Carlos Henrique de Melo , Bacon Nicholas J 
Published: December 2015

Case summary A 14-year-old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of a right adrenal mass. The referring veterinarian had started treatment for hypokalemia and systemic arterial hypertension. During the initial evaluation the cat was alert and responsive, and serum potassium concentration was within the reference range. Serum concentrations of aldosterone and progesterone were increased. Atrophy of the contralateral adrenal and an exaggerated response of cortisol to stimulation with adrenocorticotropic hormone suggested hypersecretion of cortisol. Unilateral adrenalectomy was performed and recovery was uneventful. Histologic examination of the mass revealed an adrenocortical tumor. After surgery, clinical signs of hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism and hyperprogesteronism were no longer observed, and neither potassium supplementation nor antihypertensive treatment were needed. Relevance and novel information In cases with an adrenocortical tumor, clinicians should investigate whether the tumor hypersecretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sex steroids or combinations of these. Hypersecretion of more than one adrenal hormone may occur in a cat with an adrenocortical tumor.
Direct Intracochlear Acoustic Stimulation Using a PZT Microactuator
Authors: Luo Chuan , Omelchenko Irina , Manson Robert , Robbins Carol , Oesterle Elizabeth C. , Cao Guo Zhong , Shen I.Y. , Hume Clifford R. 
Published: December 2015

Combined electric and acoustic stimulation has proven to be an effective strategy to improve hearing in some cochlear implant users. We describe an acoustic microactuator to directly deliver stimuli to the perilymph in the scala tympani. The 800 µm by 800 µm actuator has a silicon diaphragm driven by a piezoelectric thin film (e.g., lead-zirconium-titanium oxide or PZT). This device could also be used as a component of a bimodal acoustic-electric electrode array. In the current study, we established a guinea pig model to test the actuator for its ability to deliver auditory signals to the cochlea in vivo. The actuator was placed through the round window of the cochlea. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds, peak latencies, and amplitude growth were calculated for an ear canal speaker versus the intracochlear actuator for tone burst stimuli at 4, 8, 16, and 24 kHz. An ABR was obtained after removal of the probe to assess loss of hearing related to the procedure. In some animals, the temporal bone was harvested for histologic analysis of cochlear damage. We show that the device is capable of stimulating ABRs in vivo with latencies and growth functions comparable to stimulation in the ear canal. Further experiments will be necessary to evaluate the efficiency and safety of this modality in long-term auditory stimulation and its ability to be integrated with conventional cochlear implant arrays.
Population structure and genetic diversity in the nannandrous moss Homalothecium lutescens: does the dwarf male system facilitate gene flow?
Authors: Rosengren Frida , Hansson Bengt , Cronberg Nils 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundNannandry is a sexual system where males (”dwarf males”) are much smaller than the conspecific females. Dwarf males occur in a wide range of unrelated organisms but the evolutionary advantages of this condition are poorly understood. The dwarf male sexual system results in differences in the mode of dispersal and establishment as well as the life span between males and females. Such differences must have profound effects on the population dynamics and genetic structures. We have studied four populations of the nannandrous mossHomalothecium lutescensin southern Sweden. We genotyped dwarf males and female shoots with the aim of describing the genetic diversity and structure of the populations.ResultsDwarf males were most related to their host shoot, then their colony (within 0.5 m2) and then the rest of the population, which suggests restricted spore dispersal. However, a few dwarf males in each population appeared to originate from other colonies and sometimes even other populations. Genetic diversity of dwarf males was generally high but showed no tendency to be consistently higher or lower than female genetic diversity within the four populations.ConclusionsAlthough most dwarf males have local origin, sporadic dispersal events occur. The ability of the dwarf males to establish in high numbers in mature colonies facilitates gene flow between populations as well as increases the potential to accumulate genetic diversity within populations.
Phylogenetic relationships of †Luisiella feruglioi (Bordas) and the recognition of a new clade of freshwater teleosts from the Jurassic of Gondwana
Authors: Sferco Emilia , López-Arbarello Adriana , Báez Ana María 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundTeleosts constitute more than 99 % of living actinopterygian fishes and fossil teleosts have been studied for about two centuries. However, a general consensus on the definition of Teleostei and the relationships among the major teleostean clades has not been achieved. Our current ideas on the origin and early diversification of teleosts are mainly based on well-known Mesozoic marine taxa, whereas the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of many Jurassic continental teleosts are still poorly understood despite their importance to shed light on the early evolutionary history of this group. Here, we explore the phylogenetic relationships of the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian – Tithonian) freshwater †Luisiella feruglioifrom Patagonia, in a comprehensive parsimony analysis after a thorough revision of characters from previous phylogenetic studies on Mesozoic teleosts.ResultsWe retrieved †Luisiella feruglioias the sister taxon of the Late Jurassic †Cavenderichthys talbragarensis, both taxa in turn forming a monophyletic group with the Early Cretaceous †Leptolepis koonwarri. This new so far exclusively Gondwanan freshwater teleost clade,named †Luisiellidae fam. nov. herein, is placed outside crown Teleostei, as a member of the stem-group immediately above the level of †Leptolepis coryphaenoides. In addition, we did not retrieve the Late Jurassic †Varasichthyidae as a member of †Crossognathiformes. The position of †Crossognathiformes within Teleocephala is confirmed whereas †Varasichthyidae is placed on the stem.ConclusionsThe general morphology of luisiellids is that of basal, stem Teleocephala; however, most of their synapomorphies have evolved independently in teleocephalans. Similarly, the resemblance between varasichthyids and crossognathiforms might be due to parallel evolution. In accordance to most teleostean phylogenies, our analysis shows that a major morphological change occurred along the stem line and are currently recorded at the level of †Leptolepis coryphaenoides. A stem-based total clade Teleostei has been accepted for this work.
Specialisation versus special interest ‐ the Australian podiatry experience
Authors: Davies Ainslie , Bennett Paul , Nancarrow Susan , Cuesta‐Vargas Antonio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundEnsuring efficient and effective delivery of health care to an ageing population has been a major driver for a review of the health workforce in Australia. As part of this process a National Registration and Accreditation Scheme (NRAS) has evolved with one goal being to improve workforce flexibility within a nationally consistent model of governance. In addition to increased flexibility, there have been discussions about maintaining standards and the role of specialisation. This study aims to explore the association between practitioners' self‐perceptions about their special interest in musculoskeletal, diabetes related and podopaediatric foot care and the actual podiatry services they deliver in Australia.MethodsA cross sectional on‐line survey was administered on behalf of the Australasian Podiatry Council and its' state based member associations. Self‐reported data were collected over a 3‐week interval and captured information about the practitioners by gender, years of clinical experience, area of work by state, work setting, and location. For those participants that identified with an area of special interest or specialty, further questions were asked regarding support for the area of special interest through education, and activities performed in treating patients in the week prior to survey completion. Queensland University of Technology Human Research Ethics approval was sought and confirmed exemption from review.Results218 podiatrists participated in the survey. Participants were predominately female and worked in private practices.The largest area of personal interest by the podiatrists was related to the field of musculoskeletal podiatry (n = 65), followed closely by diabetes foot care (n = 61), and a third area identified was in the management of podopaediatric conditions (n = 26).ConclusionsHealth workforce reform in Australia is in part being managed by the federal government with a goal to meet the health care needs of Australians into the future. The recognition of a specialty registration of podiatric surgery and endorsement for scheduled medicines was established with this workforce reform in mind. Addition of new subspecialties may be indicated based on professional development, to maintain high standards and meet community expectations.
Image findings of cranial nerve pathology on [18F]-2- deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography with computerized tomography (PET/CT): a pictorial essay
Authors: Raslan Osama A. , Muzaffar Razi , Shetty Vilaas , Osman Medhat M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article aims to increase awareness about the utility of 18F -FDG-PET/CT in the evaluation of cranial nerve (CN) pathology. We discuss the clinical implication of detecting perineural tumor spread, emphasize the primary and secondary 18F -FDG-PET/CT findings of CN pathology, and illustrate the individual 18F -FDG-PET/CT CN anatomy and pathology of 11 of the 12 CNs.
Comparison of antidepressant classes and the risk and time
course of suicide attempts in adults: propensity matched, retrospective
cohort study
Authors: Valuck Robert J. , Libby Anne M. , Anderson Heather D. , Allen Richard R. , Strombom Indiana , Marangell Lauren B. , Perahia David 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundPlacebo-controlled clinical trials have led to concern over possible
increased risk of suicide-related events in some populations exposed to
antidepressants.AimsTo evaluate the risk of suicide attempts by antidepressant drug class and
the presence or absence of depression.MethodA retrospective propensity-matched new-user cohort study was used to
compare participants with incident depression classified by
antidepressant treatment with each other and with the general
population.ResultsAmong the treated group, the suicide attempt rate peaked in the month
prior to diagnosis then decreased steadily over the next 6 months. Among
the pharmacologically untreated group, the highest rate was seen in the
second month after diagnosis. Cohorts with depression had significantly
higher suicide attempt risk than the general population, but the treated
group did not differ significantly from the untreated group.ConclusionsPatients on antidepressants did not have significantly higher risk
compared with untreated patients. No significant differences were
observed for patients treated with individual serotonin–noradrenaline
reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs) or by class (SSRI v. SNRI cohorts).
Negative symptoms and longitudinal grey matter tissue loss in adolescents at risk of psychosis: Preliminary findings from a 6-year follow-up study
Authors: McKechanie Andrew G. , Moorhead Thomas W. J. , Stanfield Andrew C. , Whalley Heather C. , Johnstone Eve C. , Lawrie Stephen M. , Owens David G. C. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundNegative symptoms are perhaps the most disabling feature of schizophrenia. Their pathogenesis remains poorly understood and it has been difficult to assess their development over time with imaging techniques.AimsTo examine, using tensor-based structural imaging techniques, whether there are regions of progressive grey matter volume change associated with the development of negative symptoms.MethodA total of 43 adolescents at risk of psychosis were examined using magnetic resonance imaging and whole brain tensor-based morphometry at two time points, 6 years apart.ResultsWhen comparing the individuals with significant negative symptoms with the remaining participants, we identified five regions of significant grey matter tissue loss over the 6-year period. These regions included the left temporal lobe, the left cerebellum, the left posterior cingulate and the left inferior parietal sulcus.ConclusionsNegative symptoms are associated with longitudinal grey matter tissue loss. The regions identified include areas associated with psychotic symptoms more generally but also include regions uniquely associated with negative symptoms.
Stable isotope studies reveal pathways for the incorporation of non-essential amino acids in Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphids)
Authors: Haribal Meena , Jander Georg 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Plant roots incorporate inorganic nitrogen into the amino acids glutamine, glutamic acid, asparagine and aspartic acid, which together serve as the primary metabolites of nitrogen transport to other tissues. Given the preponderance of these four amino acids, phloem sap is a nutritionally unbalanced diet for phloem-feeding insects. Therefore, aphids and other phloem feeders typically rely on microbial symbionts for the synthesis of essential amino acids. To investigate the metabolism of the four main transport amino acids by the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and its Buchnera aphidicola endosymbionts, aphids were fed defined diets with stable isotope-labeled glutamine, glutamic acid, asparagine or aspartic acid (U-13C, U-15N; U-15N; α-15N; or γ-15N). The metabolic fate of the dietary 15N and 13C was traced using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nitrogen was the major contributor to the observed amino acid isotopomers with one additional unit mass (M+1). However, there was differential incorporation, with the amine nitrogen of asparagine being incorporated into other amino acids more efficiently than the amide nitrogen. Higher isotopomers (M+2, M+3 and M+4) indicated the incorporation of varying numbers of 13C atoms into essential amino acids. GC-MS assays also showed that, even with an excess of dietary labeled glutamine, glutamic acid, asparagine or aspartic acid, the overall content of these amino acids in aphid bodies was mostly the product of catabolism of dietary amino acids and subsequent re-synthesis within the aphids. Thus, these predominant dietary amino acids are not passed directly to Buchnera endosymbionts for synthesis of essential amino acids, but are rather are produced de novo, most likely by endogenous aphid enzymes.
Anticoagulant dosing in renal impairment
Authors: Harder S. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryAnticoagulants are widely used for prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in the elderly, who commonly have renal impairment and other comorbidities. Renal impairment is a risk factor for bleeding and thrombosis during anticoagulant therapy and can influence the balance between the safety and efficacy of such agents. Some anticoagulants, such as fondaparinux and the direct acting oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate are contraindicated for use in patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 ml/min). However, also the direct acting oral FXa-inhibitors rivaroxaban, edoxaban and apixaban need caution regarding dosing advice or contraindications when used in patients with renal impairment.
Variable support for ASCO recommendations for the prevention and treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism
Authors: Schwindel U. , Müller M. , Hutt H. J. , Matzdorff A. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectives: To determine the attitude of physicians towards the ASCO evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer.Methods: The ASCO guideline was published in Jan. 2015. Two specialists in in the field assembled a list of arguments for and against each of the ASCO recommendations. ASCO recommendations and pro & con arguments were presented to physicians attending 3 educational seminars on hemostasis in cancer patients. After the presentation each attendee was asked to fill out a questionnaire on how much he agreed with the recommendations and the pro & con arguments.Results: A total of 89 physicians attended the three meetings. 56 questionnaires were returned. The ASCO recommendation with the highest degree of support was that patients undergoing major cancer surgery should receive prophylaxis for 7–10 days and for four weeks after major abdominal or pelvic surgery with high-risk features (84 % Pro). The recommendation with the lowest degree of support was that anticoagulation should not be used to extend survival of patients with cancer in the absence of other indications (56 % Pro = indifference). Arguments based on A) the scientific evidence underlying each recommendation, B) on clinical practicability and patients’ preferences/adherence, C) on the desire to avoid toxicity, malpractice litigation, and cost concerns, ranked equally.Conclusion: The degree of support for ASCO guideline recommendations on prophylaxis and treatment of VTE in cancer is variable. For some key recommendations it is close to indifference. Scientific evidence for a recommendation is just one decision factor among others. Our study underscores the need to further promote educational activities on VTE prophylaxis and treatment in cancer patients particularly among all physicians caring for cancer patients.