bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Class action suits by shareholders in India
Authors: Bhomawat Dishi 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
As a part of the overhaul of the corporate governance norms, the Indian Government recently introduced class action suits for shareholders in India. This paper aims to analyze the efficacy of the existing legislation in its present form. It also examines whether the Indian law is equipped to handle the globalized markets, wherein shareholders are spread across different continents.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper relies on meta-analyses. This study analyzes the existing case laws, news reports and legislative materials.

Findings
The author, through her analyses, has concluded that the introduction of class action suits into the Indian corporate governance regime is only a half-hearted attempt. The Indian lawmakers have failed to learn from their foreign counterparts. There are no provisions to deter frivolous litigation. Furthermore, it is contentious whether the Indian law will be able to cater to transnational class action suits.

Originality/value
This paper is original. There is a scarcity of literature on Indian corporate governance norms. This paper examines the very nascent concept of class action suits in India. India has become an investment hub in the past decade. Therefore, this paper has practical implications in understanding the Indian legal setup, in comparison to its foreign counterparts.
The effect of terror incidents on the yield of developing and developed markets
Authors: Tavor Tchai 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The proliferation of terror threats in the past decades and the increasing number of terror incidents at different locations around the world have engendered a counter reaction from the members of the international community. This study aims to examine how terror incidents that happened over the past decade have affected the capital markets of the targeted countries and whether the effect was permanent or transitory.

Design/methodology/approach
To examine the incident’s effect, the study uses the TI (variable) index – a measure of pessimism with values ranging from 5 to 16 – for four days around a terrorist incident. By using this index, this study can reflect the investors’ level of pessimism resulting from the intensity of the terrorist incident. Five parameters that have a major influence on the incident’s severity have been used to construct the index.

Findings
By using the terror index, terror incidents were analyzed in four main tests. The results point at the following conclusions: There is a correlation between the yield index on the day of a terror incident and the two following work days. There is a negative correlation between the severity of the event and the yield indices. On the day of the terror incident, there is no difference in yield indices between large and small countries and between democratic and authoritarian countries. Developing countries, however, show a steeper decline than developed countries. In larger and developed countries, terror incidents are permanent, whereas in democratic countries, they are transitory.

Originality/value
This study investigates the effect of terrorism on the stock markets of different countries with relation to the country’s size, type of regime and level of development. The work is based on a unique sample of terror attacks. The study offers a quantitative index to measure the level of pessimism that contains different components of an incident, such as the location of the incident and the type of terrorism.
From philanthropy to broader social engagement
Authors: Nickerson Catherine , Goby Valerie Priscilla 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the potential effectiveness of using corporate social marketing (CSM) as part of an advertising campaign targeting local Muslim consumers in Dubai. It aims to assess whether Dubai’s local Muslim community’s construal of corporate commitment has evolved beyond philanthropy toward receptiveness to a more embedded corporate societal engagement.Design/methodology/approachThe examination is based on the framework of corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication that postulates a relationship between internal outcomes, such as the awareness of a cause, and external outcomes, such as the likelihood that a consumer will purchase a product. The authors designed a questionnaire using authentic advertisements for the same product, one with a CSM message and one without, and queried respondents’ opinions of the advertisements, their willingness to purchase the product and their perceptions of the company. Complete responses were collected from 245 Emirati women.FindingsSignificant differences in response to the CSM versus the non-CSM advertisement emerged. The product advertised via the CSM strategy engendered enhanced perceptions of the company among respondents, coupled with a heightened willingness on their part to purchase the product. This indicates that Emirati consumers have gone beyond the simple expectation of philanthropy, which is frequently associated with Muslim consumer loyalty, and value more evolved corporate social commitment.Originality/valueWhile Muslim groups have been investigated extensively from various marketing perspectives, the present study is the first to investigate the impact of incorporating CSR into an authentic advertising campaign targeted at Muslim consumers.
Forecasting patronage factors of Islamic credit card as a new e-commerce banking service
Authors: Jamshidi Dariyoush , Hussin Nazimah 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
Understanding the important patronage factors of Islamic credit card as a new e-commerce banking service is essential for bankers and users. Although some previous studies have focused on the factors that influence adoption of Islamic credit card, there are few empirical research studies that use a well-established adoption model that helps bankers and consumers to accept and use the Islamic credit card. This study aims to provide such a model to facilitate the adoption of Islamic credit card.

Design/methodology/approach
In response, a conceptual model was developed that combines the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with perceived religiosity (a new developed construct in this study) and trust to explain usage intention of this new banking product. Accordingly, the data were collected from 327 bank customers, and the results supported the applicability of TAM to describe usage behavior of Islamic credit card. Besides, the newly developed construct (perceived religiosity) increased the TAM power regarding explaining adoption of a new e-commerce banking service.

Findings
Theoretically, the results of this study advocate that perceived religiosity increase the TAM predictive power to clarify intention to use. While, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and attitude explained low level of the variance regarding intention to use, by adding perceived religiosity to TAM, these constructs contributed to an increase in the described variance, therefore offering a better explanatory power. In addition, the proposed joint TAM, perceived religiosity and trust explained 57.1 per cent of usage behavior variance. These results are of prime importance, as, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that proves the applicability of TAM for explaining adoption and usage of the Islamic credit card.

Originality/value
The findings of the current study showed that perceived usefulness is an important factor effecting people’s intention to use the Islamic credit card. Consequently, managers need to first ensure that the Islamic credit card and its services are technically sound and work in an appropriate manner. The focus should be on promoting speed, efficiency and effectiveness of this new product. In financial part, there is a need to reduce the interest rate in the long run to encourage potential users to consider the usage of the Islamic credit card and its offered services.
From bureaucratic machines to inter-organizational networks
Authors: Gil-Garcia J. Ramon , Pardo Theresa A. , Sayogo Djoko Sigit 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to argue that the structure of the response to the World Trade Center (WTC) crisis can be characterized as an inter-organizational network and the majority of the activities can be identified as network management.Design/methodology/approachUsing a mixed-method research strategy encompassing in-depth interviews and a sociometric survey, the authors characterize the response as an inter-organizational network and describe significant factors that facilitate the effective functioning and management of an emergency response.FindingsThe results provide empirical support for the claim that the management of the WTC response was very different from normal government operations in many respects. However, it was also found that complete detachment of the network-form of organization from bureaucratic hierarchy is not always possible in an emergency response, particularly in terms of leadership and the availability of resources.Originality/valueThe authors argue that bureaucratic leadership exists in political layers and is sometimes needed to provide social value to the general public and promote their engagement. Finally, the authors found evidence that the effectiveness of networks in an emergency response is influenced by certain enabling conditions, such as the severity of events, and suggest some implications for government operations.
Use levels of electronic government services among German citizens
Authors: Gerpott Torsten J. , Ahmadi Nima 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
To better understand the use intensity of e-government service offerings among citizens, a considerable number of studies have examined correlations between various attitudinal constructs related to such offerings and citizens’ service adoption (intentions). This investigational paper aims to take a different angle by exploring associations between a set of 11 objectively identifiable household and individual behavioral and socio-demographic characteristics on the one side and three levels of e-government services use on the other.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical analysis is based on survey responses of a random sample of 17,012 individuals residing in Germany.

Findings
Ordinal logistic regression analysis suggests that citizens with low use levels of public e-service offerings are most likely younger male persons with low levels of computer literacy, internet affinity and education, who have a migration background and live in small mid-level-income households located in rural communities.

Practical implications
The findings imply that public institutions may find it difficult to rapidly raise e-government acceptance by distributing only “technocratic” information explaining various service options. Public authorities should consider supplementing “pure” information programs by measures which ensure that the software of e-government service platforms is designed in a way guaranteeing a very high level of “usability”. Furthermore, they should analyze whether the benefits of providing e-government services in specific foreign languages outweigh the costs of such a service extension. If this is the case, an easy-to-use software menu item should be introduced which enables citizens to switch to another common foreign language.

Originality/value
The contribution of this paper results from the analysis of a set of objective predictors of e-government service use in a large random sample of citizens residing in Germany, whereas most prior studies are based on surveys of small convenience samples in other countries.
Overview of Food Safety Hazards in the European Dairy Supply Chain
Authors: van Asselt E. D. , van der Fels‐Klerx H.J. , Marvin H.J.P. , van Bokhorst‐van de Veen H. , Groot M. Nierop 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMonitoring of dairy products should preferably focus on the most relevant food safety hazards in the dairy supply chain. For this purpose, the possible presence of microbiological, chemical, and physical hazards as well as trends in the dairy supply chain that may affect their presence were assessed. A literature review was combined with available data from EFSA, RASFF, and the Dutch monitoring program on chemical hazards as well as expert information. This study revealed that microbiological hazards are encountered more frequently in dairy products than chemical and physical hazards. Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and human pathogenic Escherichia coli were identified as the most important microbiological hazards in dairy products. Soft and semisoft cheeses are most frequently associated with L. monocytogenes and S. aureus enterotoxins, whereas raw milk is most frequently associated with human pathogenic E. coli and Campylobacter spp., Cronobacter spp., and Salmonella spp. are the microbiological hazards of most concern in powdered infant formula. Based on literature, monitoring, and RASFF data, the most relevant chemical hazards in dairy products are aflatoxin M1, dioxins, and dioxin‐like compounds and residues of veterinary drugs. Chemical hazards primarily occur at the dairy farm and may accumulate during further processing. The most relevant physical hazards are metal, glass, and plastic particles introduced during processing. Analysis of trends in the near future revealed that increased milk production is seen as most relevant in relation to food safety. Other trends affecting food safety are climate change and changes at the farm level, which aim to improve animal welfare and environmental sustainability.
Historical Trends in Graduate Research and Training of Diplomates of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology
Authors: Bethard Jonathan D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe history of forensic anthropology has been documented by numerous scholars. These contributions have described the work of early pioneers in the field and have described important milestones, such as the founding of the Physical Anthropology Section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) in 1972 and the American Board of Forensic Anthropology (ABFA) in 1977. This paper contributes to the growing literature on the history of forensic anthropology by documenting the academic training of all individuals who have been granted diplomate status by the ABFA (n = 115). Doctoral dissertation titles were queried to discern broad patterns of research foci. A total of 39 doctoral granting institutions have trained diplomates and 77.3% of board‐certified forensic anthropologists wrote dissertations involving skeletal biology, bioarchaeology, or forensic anthropology. Board‐certified forensic anthropologists are a broadly trained group of professionals with far‐reaching anthropological interests and expertise.
A Kinetic Study of Furan Formation in Wheat Flour‐Based Model Systems during Frying
Authors: Mariotti‐Celis María S. , Zúñiga Rommy N. , Cortés Pablo , Pedreschi Franco 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFuran is a possible human carcinogen, which is formed in worldwide highly consumed fried starchy foods. In order to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for its occurrence in this food category and propose techniques for its mitigation, the kinetics of furan formation, oil absorption, lipid oxidation, and color change were studied in wheat flour‐based model systems during frying at 160, 170, 180, and 190 °C up to 13 min and data were fitted to mathematical models. Additionally, an Arrhenius‐type dependency with temperature was evaluated for all studied responses. More drastic frying conditions increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the furan content of fried samples. Furan formation followed a sigmoid trend with frying time only for frying temperature of 190 °C (RMS190°C: 7.6%). At lower temperatures, furan generation did not reach the asymptotic concentration level. Color change, lipid oxidation, and oil absorption increased with frying temperature and followed asymptotic relationships with frying time. For all evaluated temperatures, color change (RMS: 4.4% to 12.5%) and polar compound generation (RMS: 2.6% to 7.4%) presented good fit to a first‐order kinetic model. Oil absorption was successfully fit to a mass balance‐based model (RMS: 10.0% to 19.8%). Under the experimental conditions studied, only color change (EA: 15.47 kJ/mol), lipid oxidation (EA: 6.67 kJ/mol), and oil absorption (EA: 76.98 kJ/mol) presented good fit (RMS: 0.7% to 6.3%) to an Arrhenius‐type equation. Based on our results, the keeping of frying temperature below 180 °C and the reduction of the frying time would contribute to reduce not only the final furan occurrence in fried foods but also their oil content.
Acceptability and Preference Drivers of Freshly Roasted Peanuts
Authors: Wang Shangci , Adhikari Koushik , Hung Yen‐Con 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine and compare the sensory perceptions and aroma volatiles of 6 freshly roasted peanut samples and to explore the drivers of consumer acceptability. Normal‐oleic Georgia 06G kernels (06G), high‐oleic Georgia 13M kernels (13M), Georgia runner (mixed) in‐shell (InR) & kernels (R), and Virginia (mixed) in‐shell (InVA) & kernels (VA) were roasted to medium doneness for consumers, descriptive, and gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) tests. For Virginia variety, InVA was preferred over VA. High‐oleic 13M was preferred over normal‐oleic 06G in overall liking, aroma liking, flavor liking, sweet liking and roasted peanut flavor liking, and so on. Descriptive tests showed that 06G was highest in bitter taste. Cluster analysis divided consumers into 3 segments. Consumer overall liking was positively correlated with attributes related to fresh products and negatively correlated with the attributes that gave consumer the impression of oxidation and overroast. Consumer in cluster 3 had more light eaters and paid less attention to textural aspects. GC‐MS data identified benzene derivatives and pyrazines as the principal volatiles. 06G had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher concentration of alcohols and aldehydes with the lowest concentration of pyrazines. As the major pyrazine, 2,5‐dimethyl‐pyrazine had the strongest correlation with roasted peanutty flavor, while octanal, nonanal, hexanal, and 2‐pentyl pyridine showed closer correlation with overall oxidized flavor.
Effect of Different Aloe Fractions on the Growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Chiodelli Giulia , Pellizzoni Marco , Ruzickova Gabriela , Lucini Luigi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSeveral foods on the market, such as yogurt and fermented milk, include mixtures of prebiotics and probiotic microorganisms effective in promoting the proliferation and equilibrium of intestinal bacteria, thus improving gut health. Particularly, researchers and the public have shown increasing interest in the combination of probiotics with natural substances that promote health or that can act as substrates to promote bacterial growth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of different extracts of Aloe barbadensis and Aloe arborescens in fermented milk, taking into account both the prebiotic effect of aloe polysaccharides and the antimicrobial activity of several secondary metabolites. The results demonstrate a beneficial effect of 5% aloe inner gel on Lactobacillus growth and confirm the antimicrobial activity of the phenolic compounds peculiar of green rind extracts.
Evaluation of the Effects of Cucumis sativus Seed Extract on Serum Lipids in Adult Hyperlipidemic Patients: A Randomized Double‐Blind Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Soltani Rasool , Hashemi Mohammad , Farazmand Alimohammad , Asghari Gholamreza , Heshmat‐Ghahdarijani Kiyan , Kharazmkia Ali , Ghanadian Syed Mustafa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHyperlipidemia is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis; therefore, control of this risk factor is very important in preventing atherosclerosis. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seed is used traditionally as a lipid‐lowering nutritional supplement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cucumber seed extract on serum lipid profile in adult patients with mild hyperlipidemia. In a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial, hyperlipidemic patients with inclusion criteria were randomly and equally assigned to either Cucumis or placebo groups and used one medicinal or placebo capsule, respectively, once daily with food for 6 wk. Body mass index (BMI) as well as fasting serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL‐C), and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL‐C) were measured for all patients pre‐ and post‐intervention and finally the changes were compared between the groups. Twenty‐four patients in Cucumis group and 23 patients in placebo group completed the study. Cucumis seed extract resulted in significant reduction of total cholesterol (P = 0.016), LDL‐C (P < 0.001), TG (P < 0.001), and BMI (P < 0.001) as well as significant increase of HDL‐C (P = 0.012) compared to placebo. In conclusion, the consumption of C. sativus seed extract with daily dose of 500 mg results in desirable effects on serum lipid profile in adult hyperlipidemic patients. Therefore, cucumber seed could be considered as a food supplement for treatment of dyslipidemia.
Essential role of K+ uptake permease (Kup) for resistance to sucrose‐induced stress in Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAl 5
Authors: de Oliveira Marcos V. V. , Intorne Aline C. , Vespoli Luciano de S. , Andrade Leandro F. , Pereira Leandro de M. , Rangel Patrícia L. , de Souza Filho Gonçalo A. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryMicroorganisms are constantly challenged by stressful conditions, such as sugar‐rich environments. Such environments can cause an imbalance of biochemical activities and compromise cell multiplication. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAl 5 is among the most sugar‐tolerant bacteria, capable of growing in the presence of up to 876 mM sucrose. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in its response to high sucrose remain unknown. The present work aimed to identify sucrose‐induced stress resistance genes in G. diazotrophicus PAl 5. Screening of a Tn5 transposon insertion library identified a mutant that was severely compromised in its resistance to high sucrose concentrations. Molecular characterization revealed that the mutation affected the kupA gene, which encodes a K+ uptake transporter (KupA). Functional complementation of the mutant with the wild type kupA gene recovered the sucrose‐induced stress resistance phenotype. High sucrose resistance assay, under different potassium concentrations, revealed that KupA acts as a high‐affinity K+ transporter, which is essential for resistance to sucrose‐induced stress, when extracellular potassium levels are low. This study is the first to show the essential role of the KupA protein for resistance to sucrose‐induced stress in bacteria by acting as a high‐affinity potassium transporter in G. diazotrophicus PAl 5.