bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Moisture Variations with Land Use along the Precipitation Gradient in the North–South Transect of the Loess Plateau
Authors: Wang Cong , Wang Shuai , Fu Bojie , Yang Lei , Li Zongshan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractKnowledge of soil moisture spatial variation with land use along the precipitation gradient is necessary to improve land management and guide restoration practice in the water‐limited Chinese Loess Plateau. This study selected 45 sampling points at 11 sites across the north–south transect of the Loess Plateau based on the precipitation gradient and land use. Results showed that the vertical profiles of soil moisture revealed large variations with the precipitation gradient changing, especially in the surface layer (0–100 cm). Significant linear correlation existed between the average soil moisture of the profile and the mean annual precipitation (MAP) for each land use type (p < 0·05). Hereinto, the soil moisture under the grassland was affected more greatly by precipitation. The soil moisture under each land use commonly revealed the trend as farmland > grassland > shrubland > woodland, while it might be higher under the woodland than the shrubland in the surface layer in regions with MAP <500 mm. The soil moisture of woodland or shrubland at the selected points was below or approximate to the permanent wilting point in regions with MAP <520 mm. Covariance analysis confirmed the effects of land use and MAP on the soil moisture in depth of 100–300 cm, and it showed land use did not pose significant effects in the surface layer. In addition, our study indicated that it is necessary to reconsider and re‐evaluate the current vegetation restoration strategy in the perspective of vegetation sustainability and soil water availability, in which woodland and shrubland were selected on a large scale in the arid and semi‐arid regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Korrosionsverhalten von austenitischen und ferritisch‐austenitischen Gußwerkstoffen in Gaswaschwässern
Authors: Ziegler H. , Schröupfer J. , Pieger B. , Tischner H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEs wurde die Korrosionsbeständigkeit einiger im Pumpenbau verwendeter hochlegierter nichtrostender Stahlgußsorten in Gaswaschwässern untersucht, deren charakteristische Komponenten NH3/CO2/H2S und HCN sind. Vorversuche zeigten, daß Blausäure in diesen Medien auch in Abwesenheit korrodierender Metalloberflächen nicht stabil ist und über mehrere voneinander unabhängige Reaktionen abgebaut wird.Die Korrosionsuntersuchungen wurden sowohl in Modellösungen durchgeführt, als auch in originalen Betriebswässern einer Pilotanlage zur Gaswasseraufbereitung eines Anlagenbauers.Die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit der eingesetzten Werkstoffe ist jeweils eine Funktion des CN−‐Gehaltes der Lösung, jedoch sind die in den Betriebswässern gemessenen Abtragsraten höher, da der CN−‐Gehalt konstant war. In Lösungen ohne CN− sind alle Werkstoffe beständig.Mit steigender CN−‐Konzentration ist zunächst nur der ferritisch‐austenitische Sonderstahlguß NORIDUR® 9.4460 mit hohem Cr‐Gehalt beständig. Bei sehr hohen CN−‐Konzentrationen kann keiner der Werkstoffe Verwendung finden.
Effect of Different Low‐Molar Mass Electrolytes on the Viscometric Behaviour of Sodium Polystyrenesulfonate in Methanol–Water Mixed Solvent Media
Authors: Bhattarai Ajaya , Das Bijan 
Published: August 2016

SummaryPrecise measurements on the viscosities of sodium polystyrenesulfonate (NaPSS) in water as well as in methanol–water mixed solvent media have been reported in presence of NaCl, KCl, NaBr and KBr having concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mol.L−1 at 308.15 K with the polyelectrolyte concentrations in the range ∼ 0.001 to ∼ 0.012 eqv L−1. The reduced viscosities of the polyelectrolyte solutions vary linearly with polymer concentration for all the systems investigated which enabled us to determine the intrinsic viscosities of sodium polystyrenesulfonate in methanol–water mixtures using the Huggins equation. The coiling of the polyion chains are found to increase in the order: NaPSS‐NaCl < NaPSS‐NaBr < NaPSS‐KCl < NaPSS‐KBr. The solvodynamic dimensions of the polyion coils are found to be reduced as the relative permittivity of the medium decreases. The present study also indicates that the polyion structures become more compact with increasing salt concentration in the medium.
Sexual plasticity: A fishy tale
Authors: Liu Hui , Todd Erica V. , Lokman P. Mark , Lamm Melissa S. , Godwin John R. , Gemmell Neil J. 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYTeleost fish exhibit remarkably diverse and plastic patterns of sexual development. One of the most fascinating modes of plasticity is functional sex change, which is widespread in marine fish including species of commercial importance; however, the regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we explore such sexual plasticity in fish, using the bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum) as the primary model. Synthesizing current knowledge, we propose that cortisol and key neurochemicals modulate gonadotropin releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone signaling to promote socially controlled sex change in protogynous fish. Future large‐scale genomic analyses and systematic comparisons among species, combined with manipulation studies, will likely uncover the common and unique pathways governing this astonishing transformation. Revealing the molecular and neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying sex change in fish will greatly enhance our understanding of vertebrate sex determination and differentiation as well as phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental influences. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 171–194, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve relevant to clinical findings in meralgia paresthetica
Authors: Lee Shin‐hyo , Shin Kang‐jae , Gil Young‐chun , Ha Tae‐jun , Koh Ki‐seok , Song Wu‐chul 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN), known as meralgia paresthetica (MP), is common. We investigated the topographic anatomy of the LFCN focusing on the inguinal ligament and adjacent structures. Methods: Distances from various bony and soft‐tissue landmarks to the LFCN were investigated in 33 formalin‐embalmed cadavers. Results: The mean distance from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the LFCN was 8.8 mm. In approximately 90% of cases, the LFCN lay <2 cm from the medial tip of the ASIS, whereas, in 76% of cases, it was <1 cm away. The mean angle between the inguinal ligament and LFCN was 83.3°. Conclusions: We determined the variability of the location of the LFCN at the boundary between the pelvic and femoral portions. The reported results will be helpful for diagnosis and treatment of MP. Muscle Nerve 55: 646–650, 2017
An implantable system for In Vivo chronic electromyographic study in the larynx
Authors: Li Yike , Huang Shan , Zealear David 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Electromyography (EMG) plays an important role in exploring the mechanisms of selective reinnervation. An implantable system can help provide chronological information regarding reinnervation of laryngeal muscles. This study was designed to develop an implantable system for repeated recordings of spontaneous and evoked EMG from laryngeal muscles. Methods: This implantable system has 4 bipolar stimulus cuffs for bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) and superior laryngeal nerves (SLNs), and 4 EMG recording electrodes for bilateral vocal fold adductors (thyroarytenoid–lateral cricoarytenoid, TA‐LCA) and abductor (posterior cricoarytenoid, PCA) muscles. The system was implanted in 8 canines for up to 41 weeks. Results: The system showed good compatibility. Consistent EMG signals were recorded from both PCA and TA‐LCA muscles. Conclusion: We developed a long‐term implantable EMG system that is simple and capable of obtaining stable EMG recordings from canine laryngeal muscles with minimal risk of device breakage, trauma, or infection. Muscle Nerve 55: 706–714, 2017
Reproducibility assessment of brain responses to visual food stimuli in adults with overweight and obesity
Authors: Drew Sayer R. , Tamer Gregory G. , Chen Ningning , Tregellas Jason R. , Cornier Marc‐Andre , Kareken David A. , Talavage Thomas M. , McCrory Megan A. , Campbell Wayne W. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveThe brain's reward system influences ingestive behavior and subsequently obesity risk. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a common method for investigating brain reward function. This study sought to assess the reproducibility of fasting‐state brain responses to visual food stimuli using BOLD fMRI.MethodsA priori brain regions of interest included bilateral insula, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, caudate, and putamen. Fasting‐state fMRI and appetite assessments were completed by 28 women (n = 16) and men (n = 12) with overweight or obesity on 2 days. Reproducibility was assessed by comparing mean fasting‐state brain responses and measuring test‐retest reliability of these responses on the two testing days.ResultsMean fasting‐state brain responses on day 2 were reduced compared with day 1 in the left insula and right amygdala, but mean day 1 and day 2 responses were not different in the other regions of interest. With the exception of the left orbitofrontal cortex response (fair reliability), test‐retest reliabilities of brain responses were poor or unreliable.ConclusionsfMRI‐measured responses to visual food cues in adults with overweight or obesity show relatively good mean‐level reproducibility but considerable within‐subject variability. Poor test‐retest reliability reduces the likelihood of observing true correlations and increases the necessary sample sizes for studies.
Structural basis of selectivity and neutralizing activity of a TGFα/epiregulin specific antibody
Authors: Boyles Jeffrey S. , Atwell Shane , Druzina Zhanna , Heuer Josef G. , Witcher Derrick R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecent studies have implicated a role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway in kidney disease. Skin toxicity associated with therapeutics which completely block the EGFR pathway precludes their use in chronic dosing. Therefore, we developed antibodies which specifically neutralize the EGFR ligands TGFα (transforming growth factor‐alpha) and epiregulin but not EGF (epidermal growth factor), amphiregulin, betacellulin, HB‐EGF (heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor), or epigen. The epitope of one such neutralizing antibody, LY3016859, was characterized in detail to elucidate the structural basis for ligand specificity. Here we report a crystal structure of the LY3016859 Fab fragment in complex with soluble human TGFα. Our data demonstrate a conformational epitope located primarily within the C‐terminal subdomain of the ligand. In addition, point mutagenesis experiments were used to highlight specific amino acids which are critical for both antigen binding and neutralization, most notably Ala41, Glu44, and His45. These results illustrate the structural basis for the ligand specificity/selectivity of LY3016859 and could also provide insight into further engineering to alter specificity and/or affinity of LY3016859.
Proteins and their modifications in a medieval mummy
Authors: Mikšík Ivan , Sedláková Pavla , Pataridis Statis , Bortolotti Federica , Gottardo Rossella 
Published: August 2016

AbstractProteins and their modifications of the natural mummy of Cangrande della Scala (Prince of Verona, Northern Italy, 1291–1329) were studied. The nano‐LC‐Q‐TOF analysis of samples of rib bone and muscle from the mummy showed the presence of different proteins including Types I, III, IV, V, and XI collagen, hemoglobin (subunits alpha and beta), ferritin, biglycan, vitronectin, prothrombin, and osteocalcin. The structure of Type I and Type III collagen was deeply studied to evaluate the occurrence of modifications in comparison with Type I and Type III collagen coming from tissues of recently died people. This analysis showed high percentage of asparaginyl and glutaminyl deamidation, carbamylation and carboxymethylation of lysine, as well as oxidation and dioxidation of methionine. The most common reaction during the natural mummification process was oxidation—the majority of lysine and proline of collagen Type I was hydroxylated whereas methionine was oxidated (oxidated or dioxidated). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which reports the protein profile of a natural mummified human tissue and the first one which describes the carbamylation and carboxymethylation of lysine in mummified tissues.
A ZnCl2‐Catalyzed Knoevenagel Condensation/1,5‐Hydride Shift/Cyclization Sequence: Synthesis of Novel Spiroisoxazol‐5‐one Tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Zhao Tuan , Zhang Huanrui , Cui Longchen , Wang Changxue , Qu Jingping , Wang Baomin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA concise synthesis of novel spiroisoxazol‐5‐one tetrahydroquinoline derivatives has been developed by an efficient ZnCl2‐catalyzed stereoselective Knoevenagel Condensation/1,5‐hydride shift/cyclization sequence. The reactions are broad in scope and the products could be obtained in good to high yields (up to 97 % yield) with good to excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >95:5 dr). In addition, these products may be converted into novel 5‐hydroxy‐spiroisoxazolines and spiropyrazolones.
Silver‐Sulphur Oxido‐Vanadium Cluster: A Newly Born Catalyst for Direct Reduction of Aryl Carboxylic Acids to Aldehydes via Mars and van Krevelen Mechanism
Authors: Das Biraj , Sharma Mukesh , Satyanarayana Lanka. , Karunakar Galla. V. , Bania Kusum. K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNow no more harsh condition and expensive catalyst or reducing agent would probably be required to directly convert aromatic acids to its corresponding aldehydes. Herein, we report for a cheap and recyclable solid catalyst consist of silver (Ag), sulphur (S) and vandium (V) having a structural unit of [Ag2SCH2V2(O)2(COO)2]n. This catalyst can directly reduce aromatic carboxylic acids to aldehydes with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). High chemoselectivity and selectivity was achieved specially with ‐NO2 substituted benzoic acids. Catalytic conversion was found to be excellent in THF and methanol except the pyridine carboxylates. At room temperature and under refluxing condition no catalytic conversion was observed. However, after subjecting to microwave (MW) irradiation followed by magnetic stirring under refluxing condition gave nitro‐benzaldehydes upto 90 % yield. Catalytic activity of the catalyst was found to retained upto 4th consecutive cycles. The catalytic reaction was believed to proceed via Mars and van Krevelen mechanism.
A Case Study: Reading Strategies Training Scheme in a Hong Kong Primary School
Authors: Lee Ho Cheung 
Published: August 2016

This article describes a case study on a reading programme, named Reading Strategies Training Scheme (RSTS), for second language learning in a Hong Kong primary (elementary) school. The scheme, serving learners of English as a second language from Primary One to Six (ages 6–12), was developed by the school's English teaching team. As it was being implemented, the teachers noticed the effectiveness of teaching reading strategies explicitly and of the scheme's role in their professional growth. This article examines the impact of RSTS after its first year, discusses the significance of collaborative work among frontline educators, and gives suggestions as to how a skill‐oriented reading programme could be constructed in a teaching community.
A New Method for Assessment of Performing Mechanical Works of Energetic Compounds by the Cylinder Test
Authors: Fotouhi‐Far Farshad , Bashiri Hadis , Hamadanian Masood , Keshavarz Mohammad Hossein 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA new method is introduced for assessment of performing mechanical works of energetic compounds by cylinder wall velocities of CHNOFCl energetic compounds on the basis of the cylinder test. Four suitable decomposition paths are used to evaluate the number of moles of gaseous detonation products per gram of explosive, the average molecular weight of these gases, and the heat of detonation in calories per gram by considering different decomposition products HF, HCl, CO, N2, H2O, H2, and CO2. For CHNO and fluoro energetic compounds, the predicted cylinder wall velocities of these compounds give more reliable results than one of the best available empirical methods. The predicted root mean square (rms) deviations of cylinder wall velocities of the new model for some chloro explosives at actual radial expansions 0.6 and 1.9 mm are 0.010 and 0.062 km·s–1, which show high reliability of the new method.
Invasion Depth Measured in Millimeters is a Predictor of Survival in Patients with Distal Bile Duct Cancer: Decision Tree Approach
Authors: Min Kyueng‐Whan , Kim Dong‐Hoon , Son Byoung Kwan , Kim Eun‐Kyung , Ahn Sang Bong , Kim Seong Hwan , Jo Yun Ju , Park Young Sook , Seo Jinwon , Oh Young Ha , Oh Sukjoong , Kim Ho Young , Kwon Mi Jung , Min Soo Kee , Park Hye‐Rim , Choe Ji‐Young , Jeon Jang Yong , Ha Hong Il , Lee Jung Woo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundAJCC staging system is unreliable for predicting survival in distal bile duct (DBD) cancer patients, due to inter‐observer variation. Measured depth of invasion (DOI) is suggested to be more accurate to predict patients’ clinical outcome in extra‐hepatic cholangiocarcinomas, but its significance in DBD cancer and cutoff values are still debatable. This study aimed to identify the optimal cutoff value of DOI in relation to prognosis in DBD cancer patients.MethodsData of 179 patients with DBD adenocarcinoma treated in three institutions were investigated. Under microscopic review, DOI was measured. The relationships between the clinicopathological parameters and the groups based on DOI (≤3; 3–10; >10 mm) were evaluated, and the survival times of each group based on DOI and T classification were compared.ResultsDeeply invading tumors exhibited a greater tendency toward the infiltrative type, high histological grade, AJCC stage, and pancreatic, duodenal, lymphovascular and perineural invasion. The measured DOI was significantly correlated with worse relapse‐free and overall survival (all p < 0.05). In multivariate analyses, the DOI remained as one of the prognostic factors (all p < 0.05), while T classification was not a significant prognostic factor. The new prognostic models (low, intermediate, and high risk) that applied DOI and nodal metastasis showed significant difference in recurrence and survival rate (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsOn the basis of the proposed cutoff value, the DOI could be clear and meaningful, overcoming the vagueness of the T classification for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with DBD carcinoma.
High-level intra- and extra-cellular production of d-psicose 3-epimerase via a modified xylose-inducible expression system in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Chen Jingqi , Zhu Yueming , Fu Gang , Song Yafeng , Jin Zhaoxia , Sun Yuanxia , Zhang Dawei 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
d-Psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) converts d-fructose into d-psicose which exists in nature in limited quantities and has key physiological functions. In this study, RDPE (DPEase from Ruminococcus sp. 5_1_39BFAA) was successfully constitutively expressed in Bacillus subtilis, which is the first report of its kind. Three sugar-inducible promoters were compared, and the xylose-inducible promoter PxylA was proved to be the most efficient for RDPE production. Based on the analysis of the inducer concentration and RDPE expression, we surmised that there was an extremely close correlation between the intracellular RDPE expression and xylose accumulation level. Subsequently, after the metabolic pathway of xylose was blocked by deletion of xylAB, the intra- and extra-cellular RDPE expression was significantly enhanced. Meanwhile, the optimal xylose induction concentration was reduced from 4.0 to 0.5 %. Eventually, the secretion level of RDPE reached 95 U/mL and 2.6 g/L in a 7.5-L fermentor with the fed-batch fermentation, which is the highest production of DPEase by a microbe to date.
Information Topics of Greatest Interest for Return of Genome Sequencing Results among Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer at a Young Age
Authors: Seo Joann , Ivanovich Jennifer , Goodman Melody S. , Biesecker Barbara B. , Kaphingst Kimberly A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe investigated what information women diagnosed with breast cancer at a young age would want to learn when genome sequencing results are returned. We conducted 60 semi‐structured interviews with women diagnosed with breast cancer at age 40 or younger. We examined what specific information participants would want to learn across result types and for each type of result, as well as how much information they would want. Genome sequencing was not offered to participants as part of the study. Two coders independently coded interview transcripts; analysis was conducted using NVivo10. Across result types, participants wanted to learn about health implications, risk and prevalence in quantitative terms, causes of variants, and causes of diseases. Participants wanted to learn actionable information for variants affecting risk of preventable or treatable disease, medication response, and carrier status. The amount of desired information differed for variants affecting risk of unpreventable or untreatable disease, with uncertain significance, and not health‐related. Women diagnosed with breast cancer at a young age recognize the value of genome sequencing results in identifying potential causes and effective treatments and expressed interest in using the information to help relatives and to further understand their other health risks. Our findings can inform the development of effective feedback strategies for genome sequencing that meet patients’ information needs and preferences.
Interactions Between Sodium Oleate and Polyoxyethylene Ether and the Application in the Low‐Temperature Flotation of Scheelite at 283 K
Authors: Zhu Hailing , Qin Wenqing , Chen Chen , Liu Ruizeng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe poor collecting performance of fatty acids at low temperatures is a problem in mineral flotation. In this study, the floatability of scheelite at 283 K was studied using sodium oleate and binary mixtures of sodium oleate and lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (MOA‐9) as the collector, and interactions between the two surfactants at 283 K were investigated by the means of surface tension and steady state fluorescence measurements. The flotation experiment results show that the collecting performance of the mixed anonic/nonionic collector is stronger than that of single surfactant, and the best molar ratio of sodium oleate to MOA‐9 is 10:1 at pH 10. The surface tension results show that the critical micelle concentration value of sodium oleate, MOA‐9 and the binary solution is about 2 × 10−4, 2.5 × 10−4, and 1.2 × 10−4 mol/l, respectively. Compared with single surfactants, the mixture exhibits better surface activities since it is more efficient at decreasing the air–water surface tension. The steady state fluorescence results indicate that the hydrophobic parts of MOA‐9 molecules insert into the hydrophobic region of sodium oleate micelles to form larger and less compact mixed micelles. The decrease in zeta potential of scheelite treated with the mixed collector indicates the presence of MOA‐9 can enhance the chemical adsorption of sodium oleate on the scheelite surface. Therefore, the mixed anonic/nonionic collector can enhance the flotation behavior of scheelite at 283 K.