bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver stiffness‐based score in hepatoma risk assessment for chronic hepatitis C patients after successful antiviral therapy
Authors: Wang Jing‐Houng , Yen Yi‐Hao , Yao Chih‐Chien , Hung Chao‐Hung , Chen Chien‐Hung , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Lee Chuan‐Mo , Lu Sheng‐Nan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsPatients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) after successful antiviral therapy remain at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was to determine whether liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was useful in HCC risk assessment and to develop a risk‐score system for clinical use.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled patients with CHC achieving sustained virological response (SVR) after interferon‐based therapy with LSM at/after SVR determination. The demographics, clinical characteristics and HCC development were obtained from medical chart reviews. The diagnosis of HCC was based on recommended criteria.ResultsA total of 376 (M/F: 185/191, mean age: 54.1 years) patients, including 278 with pretreatment liver biopsy specimens, with a median follow‐up period of 7.6 years were enrolled. Twenty‐one patients developed HCC. The 5‐ and 10‐year cumulative HCC incidences were 1.4% and 7.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis, diabetes and LSM were associated with HCC developments with odds ratio (OR) of 12.38, 2.80 and 1.01, respectively. For LSM in HCC prediction, the performance and cut‐off were 0.783 and 12 kilopascal (kPa), respectively. For 278 patients with pretreatment biopsy, a risk‐score system (score 0–4) combining advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis, diabetes and LSM >12 kPa was developed. With the low‐risk group as a reference, patients in intermediate‐ (OR: 12.57) and high‐risk (OR: 197.33) groups carried higher risk of HCC development.ConclusionsFor patients with CHC achieving SVR, liver stiffness value at/after SVR determination was associated with HCC development independently. Patients with pretreatment advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis, diabetes and LSM >12 kPa after SVR were at high risk of HCC development.
Bilingual Youth: Spanish‐speakers at the Beginning of the 21st Century
Authors: Potowski Kim 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSpanish is spoken by approximately 406 million people, making it the second most commonly spoken language in the world. A fair estimate is that approximately one‐third of this population is bilingual. This article focuses on Spanish‐speaking bilingual youth in a variety of sociolinguistic situations around the world, summarizing a sample of research in four broad areas – linguistic structure, family language policy, education, and identity – and points out areas for future research.
What Can Neuroimaging Research Tell Us About Inference Generation during Text Comprehension?
Authors: Virtue Sandra , Sundermeier Brian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDuring text comprehension, individuals often need to represent information that is not explicitly stated in a text by generating inferences. To understand what cognitive processes and corresponding neural substrates are involved when individuals generate inferences, researchers have utilized neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Although relatively few fMRI studies have explicitly investigated inference making, we discuss several neuroimaging findings that we think make unique contributions to the field. Next, we discuss some issues with fMRI that make it challenging for researchers to draw conclusions. Finally, we propose several ideas that researchers could incorporate into future fMRI studies to enhance our understanding of inference generation during text comprehension.
High‐pressure phases in shock‐induced melt of the unique highly shocked LL6 chondrite Northwest Africa 757
Authors: Hu Jinping , Sharp Thomas G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNorthwest Africa 757 is unique in the LL chondrite group because of its abundant shock‐induced melt and high‐pressure minerals. Olivine fragments entrained in the melt transform partially and completely into ringwoodite. Plagioclase and Ca‐phosphate transform to maskelynite, lingunite, and tuite. Two distinct shock‐melt crystallization assemblages were studied by FIB‐TEM analysis. The first melt assemblage, which includes majoritic garnet, ringwoodite plus magnetite‐magnesiowüstite, crystallized at pressures of 20–25 GPa. The other melt assemblage, which consists of clinopyroxene and wadsleyite, solidified at ~15 GPa, suggesting a second veining event under lower pressure conditions. These shock features are similar to those in S6 L chondrites and indicate that NWA 757 experienced an intense impact event, comparable to the impact event that disrupted the L chondrite parent body at 470 Ma.
Genomic affinities between Brassica napus and Raphanus raphanistrum as revealed by meiotic GISH
Authors: Singh Satinder , Kaur Gurpreet , Gupta Mehak , Banga Shashi , Banga S. S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn intergeneric hybrid between Brassica napus (AC, n = 19) and Raphanus raphanistrum (Rr, n = 9) was developed using the sequential ovary–ovule culture. Morphological, molecular, cytological studies and fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization were conducted to establish the hybridity and genomic relatedness. F1 hybrid plants were male sterile and morphologically intermediate between the two parents. Cytological analysis of the hybrid plants revealed 10II + 8I as the predominant meiotic configuration with the mean bivalent frequency of 8.83. A maximum of 13II were observed in 8.24% of the pollen mother cells (PMCs). GISH studies facilitated the identification of two allopairs, confirming homoeologous pairing between A/C and Rr genomes. This may have significant implications in terms of transgene flow and possible introgression into R. raphanistrum, which is a common canola weed in Canada and Australia. The intergeneric hybrid B. napus × R. raphanistrum so produced also has the potential to be used as a bridging species for the transfer of desirable genes to amphiploid crop Brassica species carrying A/C genomes.
Detection of additive and additive×environment interaction effects of QTLs for yield‐component traits of rice using single‐segment substitution lines (SSSLs)
Authors: Zhao Fangming , Zhu Haitao , Zeng Ruizhen , Zhang Guiquan , Xu Shizhong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAdditive effects (A) and additive‐by‐environment interactions (A×E) for five rice yield components were analysed using 20 SSSLs under mixed linear model methodology. Thirty‐one QTLs were detected. Different yield components have different QTL‐by‐environment (Q×E) interaction patterns. No A×E interaction effects were detected for the four QTLs for panicle number (PN). Four QTLs detected for spikelets per panicle (SPP) had A×E interactions. Five of seven QTLs detected for grains per panicle (GPP), two of 10 QTLs detected for 1000‐grains weight (GWT) and three of six QTLs detected for seed set ratio (SSR) showed significant A×E interaction. Most of these QTLs were distributed in clusters across the genome. The complexity of linkage and pleiotropy of these QTLs plus environmental effect may result in the diversity of the yield phenotype in the SSSLs. Only S19 exhibited a significant increase in yield with a predicted gain by 281.58 kg ha−1. The results may be useful to design a better breeding strategy that takes advantage of QTL‐by‐environment interaction effects in each of the SSSLs.
Improved overall survival for pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – A comparison of the last two decades
Authors: Svenberg Petter , Remberger Mats , Uzunel Mehmet , Mattsson Jonas , Gustafsson Britt , Fjaertoft Gustav , Sundin Mikael , Winiarski Jacek , Ringdén Olle 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPediatric protocols for allogeneic hematopoietic SCT have been altered during the last two decades. To compare the outcomes in children (<18 yr old), who underwent SCT at our center during 1992–2002 (P1) and 2003–2013 (P2). We retrospectively analyzed 188 patients in P1 and 201 patients in P2. The most significant protocol changes during P2 compared with P1 were a decrease in MAC protocols, particularly those containing TBI, an increase in RIC protocols, and altered GvHD prophylaxis. In addition, P2 had more patients with nonmalignant diagnoses (p = 0.002), more mismatched (MM) donors (p = 0.01), and more umbilical CB grafts (p = 0.03). Mesenchymal or DSCs were used for severe acute GvHD during P2. Three‐yr OS in P1 was 58%, and in P2, it was 78% (p < 0.001). Improved OS was seen in both malignant disorders (51% vs. 68%; p = 0.05) and nonmalignant disorders (77% vs. 87%; p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis showed that SCT during P2 was associated with reduced mortality (HR = 0.57; p = 0.005), reduced TRM (HR = 0.57; p = 0.03), unchanged relapse rate, similar rate of GF, less chronic GvHD (HR = 0.49; p = 0.01), and more acute GvHD (HR = 1.77, p = 0.007). During recent years, OS has improved at our center, possibly reflecting the introduction of less toxic conditioning regimens and a number of other methodological developments in SCT.
Diapause induction in Trichogramma telengai: the dynamics of maternal thermosensitivity
Authors: Reznik Sergey Ya. , Voinovich Natalia D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTransferring Trichogramma telengai Sorokina (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from 17 to 30 °C or vice versa at different stages of pre‐imaginal development shows that the pupa (particularly late pupa) is a sensitive stage of the maternal thermal response. During this period, even a relatively short period (1–2 days) of cold or heat exposure results, correspondingly, in a marked increase or decrease in the percentage of diapausing progeny. Thus, the maternal thermal response has the same features of sensitivity as those of the previously investigated maternal photoperiodic response, suggesting that photoperiodic and thermal responses share the same mechanism. For the practice of rearing and storage Trichogramma as a biocontrol agent, it is important to note that even relatively short‐term environmental heating (i.e. for one to several days) immediately before adult emergence can drastically decrease the percentage of diapausing progeny.
Amor Fatias Practice: How to Love Fate
Authors: Elgat Guy 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTOn the basis of an interpretation of key passages inThe Gay Science, this paper examines Nietzsche's idea ofamor fati—love of fate. Nietzsche's idea ofamor fatiinvolves the wish to be able to learn how to see things as beautiful. This gives the impression thatamor, love, is supposed to play some role in the beautification of fate. But Nietzsche also explainsamor fatiin relation to his desire to be a devoted “Yes‐sayer.” This pulls the interpretation ofamorin a different direction; for now it seems as if the love Nietzsche wants to cultivate is supposed to be expressed in a positive, affirmative attitude toward one's fate. How to think this duality under the single idea ofamor fati? I develop a novel reading ofamor fatias a form of practice, as something that we can do, and explain in its light how the two moments of love are to be brought together. The relation ofamor fatito the “Eternal Recurrence of the Same” is also addressed: mastering the practice ofamor fatican enable one to pass successfully the test of the Eternal Recurrence of the Same.
The Importance of Pleasure in the Moral for Kant's Ethics
Authors: Holberg Erica A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTI argue for a new reading of Kant's claim that respect is the moral incentive; this reading accommodates the central insights of the affectivist and intellectualist readings of respect, while avoiding shortcomings of each. I show that within Kant's ethical system, the feeling of respect should be understood as paradigmatic of a kind of pleasure, pleasure in the moral. The motivational power of respect arises from its nature as pleasurable feeling, but the feeling does not directly motivate individual dutiful actions. Rather, the feeling is motivational in the sense that, after an agent has acted in a morally good way, the pleasure that results from that action contributes to the cultivation of virtue in the agent and, consequently, morally good actions in the future. Understanding the feeling of respect to be moral pleasure not only gives us insight into how finite rational beings develop virtue, but also a new way of understanding respect as an incentive.
Resisting Assimilation and Other Forms of Integration
Authors: Garcia Jesus A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper discusses a de‐centered and critical examination of race‐relations cycle theory and studies. This assessment of minority integration argues that theorists and researchers continue to estimate the degree of individual and group assimilation in terms of unidirectional conclusions established by the canons of assimilation. From these foundations and into 21st century studies, immigrant and native‐born minority integration are still primarily contextualized as unidirectional despite the reality of modern diversity and the lack of full assimilation among native‐born non‐White minorities. Thus, new subcultural descriptions and discussions for contemporary process of social integration should be developed and grounded in the contemporary empirical experiences of minorities.
An Assortative Adoption Marketplace: Foster Care, Domestic, and Transnational Adoptions
Authors: Raleigh Elizabeth 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAmong sociologists of the family, there has been relatively little attention paid to child adoption. When it is mentioned, many characterize the process as a universal family form. The goal of this review is to complicate this subject by disaggregating adoption into three different market segments: foster care, domestic, and transnational. Specifically, the paper argues that adoption is an assortative process that stratifies parents and children. Of the members of the adoption triad (e.g. the birthmother, adoptive parent(s), and adopted child), prospective adoptive parents possess the greatest degree of choice when deciding which market segment to pursue. However, their options are often tempered by strict eligibility requirements and financial restraints. Drawing broadly on the extant sociological and child welfare literature, the bulk of the review is devoted to identifying and analyzing how these social forces funnel parents and children into forever families. I pay particular attention to the demographic profiles of children and adoptive parents, including how transracial adoption factors into foster care, domestic, and intercountry adoptions.
The Impact of Anti‐Gay Politics on the LGBTQ Movement
Authors: Stone Amy L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSince the late 1970s, the Religious Right has mobilized to oppose the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) movement in the United States. Sociologists have studied the relationship between these two movements as a classic movement‐countermovement dynamic, in which the strategies, actions, and framing of one movement impact the other. I analyze the way Religious Right reactive and proactive opposition to gay rights has affected the LGBTQ movement. First, I provide an overview of the literature on the negative impacts of the Religious Right, including the diversion of movement goals, transformation of frames, and marginalization of queer politics. Second, I examine the way Religious Right activism may increase mobilization.
Rethinking Activism and Expertise within Environmental Health Conflicts
Authors: Arancibia Florencia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis review presents the contributions of research on the intersection of science and social movements, its theoretical and methodological limitations, and potential solutions for its further development. Three different types of relationships between activism and knowledge have been identified within environmental health conflicts: (i) lay – activists requesting help from sympathetic scientists in order to conduct independent studies; (ii) expert – activists promoting new research agendas and sub‐fields within established scientific disciplines; and (iii) expert – activists acting beyond the limits of the academic community and partnering with social movements. In this review, I argue that much of the existing literature considers expertise as “something” possessed by individuals, and heavily emphasizes the difference between “lay” and “expert” activists. This entails two main theoretical reductionisms: (i) reification of knowledge; and (ii) overlooking the contribution of activism to expertise and vice versa. I propose considering expertise as the property of a network and focusing future research within environmental health conflicts on the co‐emergence and construction of a network of expertise (Eyal 2013) or ethno‐epistemic assemblage (Irwin & Michael 2003) and social movements. Through this symmetrical network approach, we will be able to develop a more consistent theory of the co‐production of activism and expertise, as well as its political implication to fight environmental health injustice.
Policy and Precinct: Citizen Evaluations and Electoral Confidence*
Authors: King Bridgett A. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveThe objective of this research is to evaluate the role of state policy and election precinct evaluations on citizen confidence in individual and nationwide electoral outcomes.MethodsUtilizing the 2012 Survey and Performance of American Elections (SPAE) and data from the National Conference of State Legislatures, a series of ordered logistic regression models and probability estimates are presented.ResultsEvaluations of voting precincts, specifically poll workers, polling locations, and voting machines have an effect on electoral confidence. Confidence, however, is not consistent. Racial identification and partisan affiliation continue to shape citizen confidence in American elections. Voter identification requirements, outside of racial considerations, do not affect confidence in individual or nationwide ballot outcomes.ConclusionsThe administration of American elections effects citizen confidence in electoral outcomes. Reforms in this area have the capacity to improve citizen confidence, trust, and potentially political participation.
Digital Image Correlation and Noise‐filtering Approach for the Cracking Assessment of Massive Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Ruocci G. , Rospars C. , Moreau G. , Bisch P. , Erlicher S. , Delaplace A. , Henault J.‐M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper describes the use of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques for the cracking assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) massive beams and walls. DIC is known to provide accurate and detailed information on displacement and strain fields. Non‐contact measurements can be used to evaluate concrete cracking of destructive tests carried out on a wide range of specimen scales. When applied to large RC structures tested outdoors or in difficultly controllable conditions, DIC‐based methods may lead to erroneous results. In this study a post‐processing procedure is presented to cope with noisy full‐field measurements. The proposed cracking assessment approach is validated on a large experimental campaign. Four points bending tests are carried out on RC beams: firstly on full‐scale rectangular beams and then on mock‐ups scaled down by 1/3. In addition, fours RC walls are tested under in‐plane cyclic shear up to failure. Digital images taken throughout the tests are processed by DIC techniques to provide in‐plane displacement and strain fields. Full‐field measurements are post‐processed by the noise‐filtering technique and the cracks patterns are identified. Crack widths are measured and compared with measurements obtained from conventional point‐based sensors (linear variable differential transformer LVDT and fibre‐optic FO transducers). The proposed DIC‐based post‐processing provides accurate estimation of cracks width for most of the tests. The analyses carried out on the two groups of RC beams show a scale‐effect on the cracks width.
External Asymmetries in the Euro Area and the Role of Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Christodoulakis Nicos , Sarantides Vassilis 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSoon after the introduction of the common currency, a divide emerged between two groups in the Euro area: one comprised of the North European countries achieving external surpluses and the other of the South European countries with large external deficits. This paper shows that different patterns of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows across the Euro area countries contributed to this divergence. Our theoretical framework shows that if the economy is relatively capital‐intensive in the production of traded (non‐traded) output, FDI will be channelled in greater proportions to the traded (non‐traded) sector, thus improving (deteriorating) the trade balance. Focusing on ten Euro area countries over the period 1980 to 2009, we establish a positive (negative) long‐run effect of FDI inflows on the trade balance in the North (South). In the North, the positive effect stems from the traded sector FDI inflows that were significantly higher in comparison with the South, both before and after the EMU. In contrast, in the South, the increased FDI inflows in the post‐EMU era were dominated by investments in the non‐traded sector. When industry‐level data are employed, a positive (negative) long‐run effect of manufacturing (non‐manufacturing) FDI inflows on the trade balance in the North (South) is further established.
Gross, histologic, and computed tomographic characterization of nonpathological intrascleral cartilage and bone in the domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus)
Authors: Tusler Charlotte A. , Good Kathryn L. , Maggs David J. , Zwingenberger Allison L. , Reilly Christopher M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize grossly, histologically, and via computed tomography (CT) the appearance of intrascleral cartilage, bone, or both in domestic goats with otherwise normal eyes and to correlate this with age, sex, and breed.Animals studiedSixty‐eight domestic goats (89 eyes).ProceduresForty‐nine formalin‐fixed globes from 38 goats underwent high‐resolution CT, and gross and light microscopic examination. An additional 40 eyes from 30 goats underwent light microscopy only. Age, breed, and sex of affected goats were retrieved from medical records.ResultsConsidering all methods of evaluation collectively, cartilage was detected in 42% of eyes (44% of goats) and bone in 11% of eyes (12% of goats); bone was never seen without cartilage. Goats in which bone, cartilage, or both were detected ranged from 0.25 to 13 (median = 3.5) years of age, represented 11 of 12 breeds of the study population, and had a male:female ratio of 11:19. Bone was detected in the eyes of significantly more males (n = 8) than females (n = 2). No sex predilection was noted for cartilage alone. Histology revealed intrascleral chondrocyte‐like cells, hyaline cartilage, and islands of lamellar bone. Some regions of bone had central, adipose‐rich, marrow‐like cavities. CT localized mineralized tissue as adjacent to or partially surrounding the optic nerve head.ConclusionsThis is the first report of intrascleral bone or cartilage in a normal goat and of intrascleral bone in an otherwise normal mammal. The high prevalence of intrascleral cartilage and bone in this study suggests that this finding is normal and likely represents an adaptation in goats.