bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Phacoemulsification on Intraocular Pressure Control and Trabeculectomy Survival in Uveitic Glaucoma
Authors: Almobarak Faisal A. , Alharbi Ali H. , Morales Jose , Aljadaan Ibrahim 
Published: February 2017

Objectives:
To evaluate the influence of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) control and survival of mitomycin C (MMC)-enhanced trabeculectomy in uveitic glaucoma (UG).

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective case-control study included 54 eyes from 40 patients with UG who underwent MMC-enhanced trabeculectomy as an initial procedure to treat glaucoma at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 2002 and 2014. Eyes were divided into 2 groups: the first group included eyes that later underwent cataract surgery in the form of phacoemulsification, and the second group included eyes that did not have cataract surgery. The main outcome measures were changes in the IOP, the number of antiglaucoma medications, IOP control, and trabeculectomy survival.

Results:
There were no differences in the overall trabeculectomy survival of eyes that underwent cataract surgery and those that did not (P=0.681, log-rank) nor the final IOP [15.54 mm Hg (±6.3) in the study group and 13.34 mm Hg (±5.6) in the control group, P=0.247]. However, more antiglaucoma medications were needed to control the IOP after cataract surgery at the last follow-up [1.59 medications (±1.4) in the study group and 0.50 medications (±0.7) in the control group; P=0.009].

Conclusions:
UG eyes that underwent phacoemulsification following MMC-enhanced trabeculectomy required more medications to control the IOP than those that did not undergo cataract surgery and therefore less IOP control. Such changes in IOP control did not affect the overall trabeculectomy survival rate.
The benefit of statins in chronic hepatitis C patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Yi-Xiang , Zhou Peng-Cheng , Zhou Rong-Rong , Fan Xue-Gong 
Published: February 2017

Background and aim
Besides regulating lipid metabolism, statins have garnered considerable interest because of their antiviral and antineoplastic properties. The potential benefit of statins using in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients is not well described. This meta-analysis was carried out to quantitatively assess the efficacy of statins in improving the therapeutic effect and prognosis of patients with CHC.

Patients and methods
We searched electronic databases for relevant studies comparing the course of benefit in CHC patients with statins versus without statins. Risk estimates were pooled to assess the association of statins use with sustained virological response and the prognosis of CHC patients.

Results
Twenty-three studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of 16 homogeneous studies showed that the sustained virological response rate increased by 31% [relative risk (RR)=1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–1.39] in 12 791 CHC patients with statins as an adjuvant under the general antiviral therapy compared with those without this adjuvant therapy. Moreover, meta-analysis of seven studies suggested that statins was beneficial on several specific poor outcomes of CHC patients (RR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.42–0.56). CHC patients with statin use were found to be inversely associated with a 55% reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (RR=0.45; 95% CI: 0.36–0.57) and 53% reduced risk of cirrhosis (RR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.33–0.67) as well as 44% reduced risk of mortality (RR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.46–0.69). However, significant heterogeneity and publication bias were present in some of our analyses.

Conclusion
Beneficial effects of statins use were found in the therapy and the prognosis of CHC patients. Further prospective studies are still needed to confirm these benefits.
Valued Living and Its Relationship to Medication Adherence in Patients with Bipolar and Comorbid Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Gaudiano Brandon A. , Wenze Susan J. , Weinstock Lauren M. , Tezanos Katherine M. , Miller Ivan W. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Bipolar disorder with comorbid substance abuse is associated with high rates of treatment nonadherence. Adherence interventions developed to date have had mixed effects in this population. Valued living (i.e., the consistency between a patient’s personal values and daily actions) represents a potentially useful treatment target that may improve adherence. We investigated the relationship between valued living, medication adherence, symptoms, and functioning in a sample of 39 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and a comorbid substance use disorder. Results showed that greater values-action consistency explained a unique amount of variance (R
2 change = 15.2%) in medication adherence even after controlling for symptom severity, functional impairment, and other reported reasons for nonadherence. Drug use and treatment beliefs also predicted nonadherence. Findings suggest that valued living should be investigated further as a potentially malleable treatment target in future adherence intervention research.
Functional Outcome in the Middle Course of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Martino Diego J. , Igoa Ana , Scápola María , Marengo Eliana , Samamé Cecilia , Strejilevich Sergio A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the long-term functional outcome of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). At baseline and after a follow-up period of at least 48 months, three measures of functioning were administered: psychosocial functioning (GAF), employment status (full-time, part-time, and unemployment/disability), and a self-reported measure of functional recovery. At baseline, patients with more than five previous affective episodes exhibited poorer outcomes on all measures of functioning than patients with less than five previous episodes. However, along a mean follow-up period of 77 months, measures of functioning tended to remain stable or improved slightly. These results highlight the limitation of studies comparing measures of functioning between patients with many and few episodes to evaluate functional outcome. Likewise, these preliminary results do not support the hypothesis that functional outcome deteriorates over the course of BD.
Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes Among HIV/TB-Coinfected Children in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Network
Authors: Carlucci James G. , Blevins Peratikos Meridith , Kipp Aaron M. , Lindegren Mary L. , Du Quy T. , Renner Lorna , Reubenson Gary , Ssali John , Yotebieng Marcel , Mandalakas Anna M. , Davies Mary-Ann , Ballif Marie , Fenner Lukas , Pettit April C. ,   for the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Network
Published: February 2017

Introduction:
Management of tuberculosis (TB) is challenging in HIV/TB-coinfected children. The World Health Organization recommends nucleic acid amplification tests for TB diagnosis, a 4-drug regimen including ethambutol during intensive phase (IP) of treatment, and initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) within 8 weeks of TB diagnosis. We investigated TB treatment outcomes by diagnostic modality, IP regimen, and ART status.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study among HIV/TB-coinfected children enrolled at the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS treatment sites from 2012 to 2014. We modeled TB outcome using multivariable logistic regression including diagnostic modality, IP regimen, and ART status.

Results:
Among the 386 HIV-infected children diagnosed with TB, 20% had microbiologic confirmation of TB, and 20% had unfavorable TB outcomes. During IP, 78% were treated with a 4-drug regimen. Thirty-one percent were receiving ART at the time of TB diagnosis, and 32% were started on ART within 8 weeks of TB diagnosis. Incidence of ART initiation within 8 weeks of TB diagnosis was higher for those with favorable TB outcomes (64%) compared with those with unfavorable outcomes (40%) (P = 0.04). Neither diagnostic modality (odds ratio 1.77; 95% confidence interval: 0.86 to 3.65) nor IP regimen (odds ratio 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.43 to 1.80) was associated with TB outcome.

Discussion:
In this multinational study of HIV/TB-coinfected children, many were not managed as per World Health Organization guidelines. Children with favorable TB outcomes initiated ART sooner than children with unfavorable outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of early ART for children with HIV/TB coinfection, and reinforce the need for implementation research to improve pediatric TB management.
MetaCherchant - an algorithm for analyzing genomic environment of antibiotic resistance gene in gut microbiota
Authors: Olekhnovich Evgenii I. , Vasilyev Artem T. , Ulyantsev Vladimir I. , Tyakht Alexander V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is an important global public health problem. Human gut human microbiota is an accumulator of resistance genes potentially providing them to pathogens. It is important to develop tools for identifying the mechanisms of how resistance is transmitted between gut microbial species and pathogens. We developed MetaCherchant - an algorithm for extracting the genomic environment of antibiotic resistance genes from metagenomic data in the form of a graph. The algorithm was validated on simulated datasets and applied to new "shotgun" metagenomes of gut microbiota from patients withHelicobacter pyloriwho underwent antibiotic therapy. Genomic context was reconstructed for several dominant resistance genes; taxonomic annotation of the context showed the species carrying the genes. Application of MetaCherchant in differential mode produced specific graph structures suggesting the evidence of possible resistance gene transmission within a mobile element that occurred as a result of the antibiotic therapy. MetaCherchant is a promising tool giving researchers an opportunity to get an insight into dynamics of resistance transmission in vivo based on metagenomic data.
Foreground-background segmentation revealed during natural image viewing
Authors: Papale Paolo , Leo Andrea , Cecchetti Luca , Handjaras Giacomo , Kay Kendrick , Pietrini Pietro , Ricciardi Emiliano 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOne of the major challenges in visual neuroscience is represented by foreground-background segmentation. Data from nonhuman primates show that segmentation leads to two distinct, but associated processes: the enhancement of neural activity during figure processing (i.e., foreground enhancement) and the suppression of background-related activity (i.e., background suppression). To study foreground-background segmentation in ecological conditions, we introduce a novel method based on parametric modulation of low-level image properties followed by application of simple computational image-processing models. By correlating the outcome of this procedure with human fMRI activity measured during passive viewing of 334 natural images, we reconstruct easily interpretable “neural images” from seven visual areas: V1, V2, V3, V3A, V3B, V4 and LOC. Results show evidence of foreground enhancement for all tested regions, while background suppression specifically occurs in V4 and LOC. “Neural images” reconstructed from V4 and LOC revealed a preserved spatial resolution of foreground textures, indicating a richer representation of the salient part of natural images, rather than a simplistic model of object shape. Our results indicate that scene segmentation is an automatic process that occurs during natural viewing, even when individuals are not required to perform any particular task.
Observation of histone nuclear import in living cells: implications in the processing of newly synthesised H3.1 & H4
Authors: Smith Michael James , Bowman Andrew James 
Published: February 2017

Highlights-Small-molecule-gated tether-and-release system for rapid pulse-chase of nuclear proteins-Tracking nuclear import of histone H3.1 and H4 and their incorporation at sites of active replication-Tethered H3.1 and H4 are monomeric and do not associate with ASF1, NASP, RbAp46 or HAT1 in the cytosol-Importin-β proteins as cytosolic binders of monomeric histonesSummaryWe present here a cytosolic tether-and-release system to study the import and dynamics of newly synthesised nuclear proteins. Release is gated by rapamycin-induced recruitment and activation of a viral protease, with cleavage of a peptide linker releasing the tethered cargo. We use this system to investigate nucleo-cytoplasmic divisions in the histone H3.1 & H4 deposition pathway, revealing that, contrary to previous analyses, H3.1 and H4 are predominantly monomeric in the cytosol, and only associate with the core histone chaperoning machinery after translocation to the nucleus. Whilst we do not detect interaction with known H3-H4 chaperones in the cytosol we do detect interaction with a number of importin-β proteins, that may serve a dual import and chaperoning function, preventing aggregation of histones until they are handed-off to the core histone chaperoning machinery in the nucleus.
A practical guide for inferring reliable dominance hierarchies and estimating their uncertainty
Authors: Sánchez-Tójar Alfredo , Schroeder Julia , Farine Damien R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMany animal social structures are organized hierarchically, with dominant individuals monopolizing resources. Dominance hierarchies have received great attention from behavioural and evolutionary ecologists. As a result, there are many methods for inferring hierarchies from social interactions. Yet, there are no clear guidelines about how many observed dominance interactions (i.e. sampling effort) are necessary for inferring reliable dominance hierarchies, nor are there any established tools for quantifying their uncertainty. In this study, we simulated interactions (winners and losers) in scenarios of varying steepness (the probability that a dominant defeats a subordinate based on their difference in rank). Using these data, we (1) quantify how the number of interactions recorded and hierarchy steepness affect the performance of three methods, (2) propose an amendment that improves the performance of a popular method, and (3) suggest two easy procedures to measure uncertainty in the inferred hierarchy. First, we found that the ratio of interactions to individuals required to infer reliable hierarchies is surprisingly low, but depends on the hierarchy steepness and method used. We then show that David’s score and our novel randomized Elo-rating are the two best methods, whereas the original Elo-rating and the recently described ADAGIO perform less well. Finally, we propose two simple methods to estimate uncertainty at the individual and group level. These uncertainty measures further allow to differentiate non-existent, very flat and highly uncertain hierarchies from intermediate, steep and certain hierarchies. Overall, we find that the methods for inferring dominance hierarchies are relatively robust, even when the ratio of observed interactions to individuals is as low as 10 to 20. However, we suggest that implementing simple procedures for estimating uncertainty will benefit researchers, and quantifying the shape of the dominance hierarchies will provide new insights into the study organisms.HighlightsDavid’s score and the randomized Elo-rating perform best.Method performance depends on hierarchy steepness and sampling effort.Generally, inferring dominance hierarchies requires relatively few observations.The R package “aniDom” allows easy estimation of hierarchy uncertainty.Hierarchy uncertainty provides insights into the shape of the dominance hierarchy.
Real-time chromatin dynamics at the single gene level during transcription activation
Authors: Germier Thomas , Kocanova Silvia , Walther Nike , Bancaud Aurélien , Shaban Haitham Ahmed , Sellou Hafida , Politi Antonio Zaccaria , Ellenberg Jan , Gallardo Franck , Bystricky Kerstin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGenome dynamics relate to regulation of gene expression, the most fundamental process in biology. Yet we still do not know whether the very process of transcription drives spatial organization and chromatin conformation at specific gene loci. To address this issue, we have optimized the ANCHOR/ParB DNA labeling system for real-time imaging and quantitative analysis of the dynamics of a single-copy transgene in human cells. Transcription of the transgene under the control of the endogenous Cyclin D1 promoter was induced by addition of 17β-estradiol. Motion of the ANCHOR3-tagged DNA locus was recorded in the same cell prior to and during appearance of nascent mRNA visualized using the MS2 system. We found that transcription initiation resulted in rapid confinement of the mRNA-producing gene. The confinement was maintained even upon inhibition of pol2 elongation. It did not occur when recruitment of pol2 or transcription initiation was blocked by anti-estrogens or Triptolide. These results suggest that preinitiation complex formation and concomitant reorganization of the chromatin domain constrains freedom of movement of an induced gene’s promoter within minutes. Confined diffusion reflects assembly of functional protein hubs and DNA processing during the rate-limiting steps of transcription.
How does transformational leadership influence proactive customer service behavior of frontline service employees? Examining the mediating roles of psychological empowerment and affective commitment
Authors: Jauhari Hemang , Singh Shailendra , Kumar Manish 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating roles of two variables of psychological empowerment and affective commitment of frontline service employees (FSEs) in the relationship between transformational leadership (TFL) and proactive customer service behavior (PCSB) of FSEs.Design/methodology/approachIn a rigorous research design, the authors obtained data from 225 FSE-supervisor dyads working in a large Indian IT services organization. Analysis was done using structural equation modeling approach in LISREL 8.72.FindingsAs expected, affective commitment and psychological empowerment of FSEs fully mediated the positive relationship between TFL and PCSB of FSEs, even after controlling for age and tenure. The specified model explained 24 percent of the variance in PCSB of FSEs.Research limitations/implicationsAs FSEs act as the face of a service organization, therefore their proactive behavior plays an important role in customer satisfaction. Enactment of TFL by supervisors fosters PCSB of FSEs. Therefore, organizations must develop TFL skills in their managers to psychologically empower FSEs and get them committed to a superior service delivery through PCSB.Originality/valueThe study is one amongst the few studies to explore the relationship between TFL and proactive behavior in the customer service domain. Additionally, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the explanatory mechanisms through which transformational leaders foster PCSB of FSEs.
Exploring mobile government from the service quality perspective
Authors: Al-Hubaishi Hajar Saeed , Ahmad Syed Zamberi , Hussain Matloub 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify service quality dimensions and their sub-dimensions for mobile government services. Despite studies conducted on mobile services, there is lack of a comprehensive framework of mobile government service quality. Researchers and practitioners must outline a taxonomy of mobile government service quality before they can begin to test their effects empirically. It cannot be assumed that e-government is the same as m-government. Therefore, it is important to understand the dimensions that affect mobile government service quality.

Design/methodology/approach
Mobile government service quality dimensions were extracted from the literature on m-government from its development and transition from e-government to service models being used. This helps understand what service quality dimensions are necessary when creating more efficient, reliable, and responsible forms of m-government. The dimensions are demonstrated within a holistic framework of m-government service quality, presented for both academic and practitioner appreciation.

Findings
This paper identifies 20 mobile government service quality sub-dimensions classified within six dimensions.

Originality/value
The literature on mobile government service quality is scarce. With the expectation of mobile subscriptions worldwide reaching 8 billion by 2016, it is the most lucrative time to be researching how the design of mobile government affects service quality. This paper is the first to provide information on m-government service quality dimensions available for assessment.
Burnout during early career: lived experiences of the knowledge workers in India
Authors: Packirisamy Premalatha , Meenakshy Manju , Jagannathan Srinath 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of burnout during early career among knowledge workers in information technology (IT) services industry in India.Design/methodology/approachThe grounded theory research design was used to explore the research phenomenon. The study was based on the analysis of 43 in-depth interviews from the employees, managers and human resource professionals in IT services industry in India. Purposeful and theoretical sampling designs were used to locate the participants for the study. Grounded theory analytical procedures – open, axial and selective coding – were used to analyze and interpret the interview narratives. Atlas ti version 5.0. was used for qualitative data analysis.FindingsThe analysis of the interviews with the young knowledge workers reveal the following as the reasons for their burnout during early career: poor integration with the job and the organization at large, underemployment, stressful job and exhausting work environment, fear and insecurity of replacement of talent and downsizing. Strategies are discussed to deal with burnout situations among the young knowledge workers for individual and organizational well-being.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of the study are applicable to organizations such as the IT services industry and thus the research outcome cannot be generalized. The study includes lived experiences of employees only during their early career.Practical implicationsThe findings are relevant and useful in the practice domain as they are grounded in field reality. It provides directions for managerial and organizational practices in preventing burnout in early career among knowledge workers.Originality/valueThe paper is original and the present study is among the first attempts to investigate the nature of burnout through qualitative inquiry.
Exploring differentiation of self and organizational commitment
Authors: Sloan David , Buckham Robert , Lee Youngsu 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether an employee’s level of organizational commitment is influenced by his or her level of differentiation of self.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a survey questionnaire among fully employed workers in the USA. Data were analyzed using a structural equation model (n=547).FindingsThe results of this study showed a positive direct relationship between differentiation of self and affective and normative types of commitment. Differentiation of self also showed a direct negative relationship with continuance commitment.Practical implicationsThe results of this study suggest that managers may be able to look to differentiation of self to facilitate commitment to the organization. Managers who screen applicants at the recruitment stage or train current employees in self-differentiation may be able to increase overall commitment levels among employees of the organization.Originality/valueThis research empirically extends family systems theory to workplace settings. It also expands the understanding of organizational commitment through the perspectives of psychological and relational functioning.