bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a New Method for the Estimation of Valsartan (VST) in Pharmaceutical Dosage Samples by Using Diazotization and Coupling Reactions Spectrophotometrically
Authors: Pasha Chand 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
A new method for valsartan (VST) estimation in pharmaceutical dosage samples by spectrophotometry was developed.

Method:
The method was based on the formation of coloured dye by the diazotization reaction of 3-amino-2-naphthol with sodium nitrite in an acidic medium to form diazonium compounds, which were then coupled with VST in a basic medium.

Results:
The drug sample showed linearity in the range 4.6 - 24.2 μgmL-1, and the λmax was found at 432nm. Sandell’s sensitivity (9.950×10-3), Molar absorbtivity (Ɛ= 4.377×104), regression equa-tion (y= 0.0775x + 0.0041), correlation coefficient (r2= 0.968), detection limit (DL= 0.668) and quantitation limit (QL= 2.024) were evaluated.

Conclusion:
The percentage recovery of the drug samples was found to be 100%. This method successfully determined VST in Pharmaceutical dosage samples.
Development of an Educational Website for Patients With Cancer and Preexisting Autoimmune Diseases Considering Immune Checkpoint Blockers: Usability and Acceptability Study
Authors: Lopez-Olivo Maria A , Suarez-Almazor Maria E , Duhon Gabrielle F , Cherry McKenna , Lu Huifang , Calabrese Cassandra , Altan Mehmet , Tawbi Hussain , Meara Alexa , Bingham Clifton O , Diab Adi , Leal Viola B , Volk Robert J 
Published: October 2024

Background
Patients with cancer and an underlying autoimmune disease who are considering immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) need to know about the benefits and risks of severe immune-related adverse events and flares of the autoimmune condition.

Objective
This study aims to develop and alpha test an educational website for patients with cancer.

Methods
Learning topics, images, and website architecture (including flow and requirements) were developed and iteratively reviewed by members of a community scientist program, a patient advisory group, and content experts. Alpha testing was performed, measuring the site’s usability using the Suitability Assessment of Materials and its acceptability using the Ottawa Acceptability Measure.

Results
The website included a home page; general information about ICBs; comprehensive modules on the benefits and risks of ICBs for patients with cancer and preexisting autoimmune diseases; general wellness information; and features such as a quiz, additional resources, and a glossary. For the alpha testing, 9 users assessed the newly developed website. Patient reviewers (n=5) had rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, Sjogren syndrome, or vasculitis. Health care provider reviewers (n=4) were medical oncologists or rheumatologists. The median Suitability Assessment of Materials rating was 75 (IQR 70-79; range 0-100) for patients versus 66 (IQR 57-72; range 0-100) for providers (scores ≥70 indicate no substantial changes needed). Recommendations for improvement, mostly involving navigation and accessibility, were addressed. All participants expressed that the website was acceptable and balanced in terms of discussion of benefits and harms. Because half (2/4, 50%) of the providers suggested we increase the amount of information, we extended the content on the impact of having an autoimmune disease when considering ICB treatment, the probability of flares, and the management of flares in this context.

Conclusions
The feedback led to minor revisions to enhance readability, navigation, and accessibility, ensuring the website’s suitability as a decision-making aid. The newly developed website could become a supporting tool to facilitate patient-physician discussion regarding ICBs.
Beyond Reliance: Internal Auditors’ Perceptions of Their Relationships with External Auditors
Authors: Hermanson Susan , Parlier Jenny , Popova Velina 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARY
Based on a survey of 67 internal audit professionals, we examine the interactions between internal and external auditors and the experience internal auditors have working with external auditors. Specifically, we investigate perceptions of collaboration, interaction, contribution, and confidence with respect to internal-external auditor relationships. In general, we find a positive relationship between internal and external auditors. However, our results suggest that internal auditors see a lot of room for growth in the internal-external audit relationship and are looking for more opportunities to collaborate with external auditors. We discuss implications for both internal and external auditors in practice.
JEL Classifications: M42.
On-Site or Remote? Impact of Remote Audits and Self-Monitoring of Expressive Behavior on External Auditors’ Job Satisfaction
Authors: Li Yueqi , Goel Sanjay 
Published: October 2024

SYNOPSIS
This study examines how remote work affects external auditors’ job satisfaction. We survey 308 external auditors and measure their job satisfaction to understand how remote work frequency, self-monitoring of expressive behavior (SMEB), personality traits, technology adoption, job position, and remote onboarding experiences impact auditors’ job satisfaction in the post-COVID-19 era. Results reveal that frequent remote work is associated with high job satisfaction. Auditors who report high SMEB levels have high job satisfaction. However, the positive association between SMEB and job satisfaction decreases as auditors’ remote work frequency increases. Engagement team leaders may wish to encourage high self-monitoring auditors to continue to perform on-site work while encouraging low self-monitoring auditors to work remotely when on-site work is not necessary. We also suggest that audit firms build better supervisory relationships, provide sufficient resources for junior auditors, and continue to provide technology training to increase auditor job satisfaction.
Data Availability: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the first author upon request.
The Effect of State Minimum Wage Increases on CEO Compensation: Evidence of Labor Donation in Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Balsam Steven , Mao Connie X. , Xu Min , Zhang Yinge 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we test the “labor donation” hypothesis, which posits that intrinsically motivated individuals willingly accept lower compensation to work in nonprofit organizations (NPOs). We do so by examining the response of NPO CEO compensation to exogeneous increases in labor costs resulting from state-level minimum wage hikes, finding these increases are followed by declines in CEO compensation. Consistent with the labor donation hypothesis, we find the declines in compensation are larger for CEOs who we expect to have greater intrinsic motivation, i.e., those whose NPOs are headquartered in counties with higher levels of religiosity, in counties with greater levels of social capital, and those who work for a local NPO as opposed to a national NPO. In contrast to the decline in compensation we observe for NPO CEOs, we do not find an impact on for-profit CEO compensation.
JEL Classifications: G3; J33; J38; L3; L3.
Sentiment Analysis for Sumber Gempong Rice Field-Based Tourism Destination using Long Short-Term Memory
Authors: Benarkah Njoto , Prasetyo Vincentius Riandaru , Soetiyono Jehuda Rivaldo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract—Sumber Gempong is a rice field-based tourist destination located in Ketapanrame Village, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province. It is managed by a village-owned company (BUMDesa Mutiara Welirang). BUMDesa evaluates tourist satisfaction manually by reviewing online comments and it consumes time and labor works. Data used in this research automatically collected from Google Maps Review. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) method analyze data of two sentiment labels, positive or negative, based on four categories: facilities, services, culinary, and attractions. The collected dataset has 674 comments consist of 420 positive sentiments and 254 negative sentiments with 320 facilities, 61 services, 125 culinary, and 192 attractions comments. Five LSTM models were trained on each of four categories and an overall category. The trained models of overall, facilities, services, culinary, and attractions categories achieved, respectively, 91.2%, 86.8%, 94.1%, 89.7%, and 95.6% of accuracies. The average result accuracy is 91.48%. The manager of BUMDesa Mutiara Welirang satisfied with the results of the system and the sentiment results can be used as evaluation material for Sumber Gempong.
Keywords: sentiment anaylsis, LSTM, deep learning, social media, tourism

Abstrak—Wisata Sawah Sumber Gempong berada di Desa Ketapanrame, Kecamatan Trawas, Kabupaten Mojokerto dan merupakan tempat wisata alam yang dikelola oleh BUMDesa Mutiara Welirang. Evaluasi terhadap tempat wisata ini dilakukan dengan membaca secara manual ulasan-ulasan yang ditulis di media sosial dan pengamatan pribadi. Banyaknya jumlah ulasan yang ada menjadi kendala dalam melakukan evaluasi karena membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama. Penelitian ini mengambil data ulasan secara otomatis dari media sosial yang diberi label positif atau negatif berdasarkan empat kategori, yaitu fasilitas, pelayanan, kuliner, dan wahana. Metode Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) dipakai sebagai alat untuk melakukan analisis sentimen. Pengambilan data secara otomatis mendapatkan 674 ulasan yang dibagi menjadi 420 ulasan positif dan 254 ulasan negatif, dengan 320 ulasan fasilitas, 61 ulasan pelayanan, 125 ulasan kuliner , dan 192 ulasan wahana. Lima buah model dilatih berdasar tiap kategorinya dan kategori secara keseluruhan. Model yang telah dilatih mendapatkan nilai akurasi sebesar 91,2%, 86,8%, 94,1%, 89,7%, dan 95,6% berturut-turut untuk keseluruhan kategori, kategori fasilitas, layanan, kuliner, dan wahana. Rata-rata akurasi mencapai 91,48%. Hasil dari sistem telah diujicobakan kepada manajer BUMDesa Mutiara Welirang dan bisa dipakai sebagai bahan evalusi untuk peningkatan kualitas di Sumber Gempong.
Kata kunci: analisis sentimen, LSTM, deep learning, media sosial, wisata
Os mercados das cooperativas da agricultura familiar no estado da Bahia: desafios ao enfrentamento da pandemia
Authors: Lopes Marcio Rodrigo Caetano de Azevedo , Carneiro Etiene Santiago , Martins Marcia Eliana , Pereira Geusa da Purificação 
Published: October 2024

A pandemia da Covid-19 provocou inúmeras mudanças nas organizações cooperativas, impondo um conjunto de novas realidades junto aos mercados, haja vista que muitas organizações se encontravam dependentes de determinados canais de comercialização, os quais foram afetados pela crise sanitária. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a atuação de cooperativas da agricultura familiar do estado da Bahia junto aos mercados no período da pandemia. Para tanto, este trabalho apoiou-se em uma pesquisa com 14 cooperativas dispersas em oito Territórios de Identidade do estado e distribuídas em 11 municípios, tendo ocorrido em duas etapas: aplicação de questionário e “Rodas de Diálogo Virtuais” com os dirigentes das cooperativas. Os resultados demonstram que as cooperativas foram afetadas pela pandemia, mas, em alguma medida, buscaram criar e adaptar estratégias econômicas, sociais e tecnológicas à superação dos desafios impostos pelo fechamento de muitos canais de comercialização.
Palavras-chave: cooperativas; Covid-19; mercados agroalimentares; agricultura familiar.
Longer preoperative fluid resuscitation decreased anesthetic fluid interventions in 297 dogs undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction
Authors: Sliman Michael P. , Risselada Marije , Moore George E. , Rahn Alexander P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The objectives were to (1) compare the impact of preoperative fluid resuscitation on anesthetic parameters and interventions and (2) assess the impact of preoperative resuscitation duration on the integrity of intestinal tissue and postoperative complications in dogs with gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction.

METHODS
Medical records from 1 academic hospital were reviewed for 297 client-owned dogs that underwent gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction surgery between May 2017 and August 2022. Data collected included the following: signalment, preoperative fluid resuscitation, surgical findings, anesthetic parameters and interventions, postoperative complications, and timing of the first meal. Variables for preoperative length of fluid resuscitation (hours), total preoperative fluid bolus (mL/kg), and preoperative fluid rate (mL/kg/d) were changed to categorical variables. Associations between anesthetic interventions, postoperative outcomes, preoperative fluid resuscitation length, and total fluid bolus were assessed with ordered logistic regression.

RESULTS
Shorter preoperative fluid resuscitation length was associated with higher anesthetic fluid rates (P = .033) and fluid boluses performed (P = .023). Increased total volume of preoperative fluid boluses was associated with anesthetic synthetic colloid use (P = .028). There was insufficient evidence to claim an association between the impact of preoperative fluid resuscitation length and intestinal wall compromise (perforation, P = .912; enterectomy performed, P = .711).

CONCLUSIONS
Shorter preoperative fluid resuscitation was associated with increased anesthetic fluid interventions but not the need for more complex surgeries.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Longer fluid resuscitation periods are associated with fewer anesthetic interventions in dogs.
Cultural Transmission in Printed Games of Cupid: Tracing Lines of Descent
Authors: Seville Adrian , de Voogt Alex 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Game of Cupid is a simple dice-based race game derived from the Game of the Goose in about 1600. Twelve different examples, covering the period to about 1850 and drawn from France, the Low Countries and Britain, are analysed according to distinctive markers that include rules, game board configuration and decorative elements, showing that the evolution of the game can be described by a single tree of descent. The forces governing this evolution are discussed. The results may be of interest to those investigating whether different aspects of a complex cultural trait – such as a board game that has rules, a board and decorative elements – follow separate cultural transmission processes.
Intelligent systems and consumer neuroscience in the age of computational advertising
Authors: Zámečník Robert 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The main goal of this article is to provide an overview of the use and characteristics of intelligent systems and neuroscience tools applicable in the field of contemporary advertising. The newly emerging field of computational advertising is undergoing dynamic development, and this concept is now placed in the context of advanced intelligent systems, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality. According to the specified parameters, a systematic literature search of scientific publications was carried out and subsequently evaluated. The research questions are focused on the identification of intelligent systems and current consumer neuroscience tools finding application in the current trend of computational advertising. It follows from the processed systematic literature review that there are currently a number of intelligent systems and also a number of tools in the field of consumer neuroscience that can find application within the broader concept of computational advertising. These more or less intelligent systems and neuroscientific tools are already affecting all phases of the advertising life cycle. At the same time, a number of ethical issues associated with the use of both these technologies and tools have been found, which still need to be explored. The article attempts to fill the gap in the lack of literature dealing with this issue. Last but not least, the article contains a critical view of these new technological possibilities and also describes a number of new ethical challenges arising in this area.
Leveraging ChatGPT for Sustainability: A Framework for SMEs to Align with UN Sustainable Development Goals and tackle sustainable development challenges
Authors: Fonseca Luis , Oliveira Eduardo , Pereira Teresa , Sá José Carlos 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) outline a global agenda for sustainable development, but need more detailed implementation guidelines for businesses, particularly Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Given their limited resources, SMEs face significant challenges in adopting sustainability practices aligned with the SDGs. This study explores the potential of ChatGPT, a large language model, to assist SMEs in overcoming these challenges. The research introduces a ChatGPT-aided framework through a novel methodological approach to help SMEs develop sustainability roadmaps, engage stakeholders, and identify key sustainability goals, risks, opportunities, and Key Process Indicators (KPIs). The case study of an SME in the electronic measurement equipment industry is used to validate the framework. The findings, corroborated by a Focus Group with the participation of academics and SME top managers, demonstrate the framework’s potential to enhance SME sustainability practices, contributing to academic discourse and offering practical insights that will inform and empower industry stakeholders. Furthermore, several actions are presented to respond to concerns about the accuracy and reliability of AI-generated recommendations. Finally, future research should seek to validate the proposed framework across a broader range of industries and SME contexts and assess this methodology’s application with organisations other than SMEs.
Ein Streikgesetz für Deutschland
Authors: Richter Wolfram F. , Rocholl Jörg , Zimmermann Horst 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The demand for legal regulation of the right to strike has existed for a long time and has gained importance as a result of the railway strikes last winter. Against this background, the article analyzes the causes of the apparent increase in the willingness to strike in the critical infrastructure sector and how this can be countered. Legal options for the regulation of labor disputes are discussed, with a particular focus on a provision requiring the parties involved to agree to arbitration if either side so requests.
Der Reformvorschlag einer preisindexierten Dynamisierung der Rente
Authors: Sieberichs Ina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article deals with the financing problems of statutory pension insurance in Germany, which are primarily the result of demographic changes in the population. It discusses the reform proposal of a price-indexed dynamisation of pensions and highlights the economic considerations and political ideas underlying the current linking of pensions to wage trends. The advantages and disadvantages of an alternative link to price trends are discussed. Furthermore, the reform proposal of a differentiated pension adjustment is critically examined. Differentiated adjustments are usually intended to protect only particularly vulnerable pensioners from high inflation.
Agrardiesel: Replik und Erwiderung
Authors: Blum Ulrich , Wigger Berthold U. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the April 2024 issue, Wirtschaftsdienst published an article entitled ‘The abolition of tax breaks for agricultural diesel is overdue’ by Berthold U. Wigger. Ulrich Blum takes a different view in a reply, after which Wigger explains his position in a rejoinder.
Individual right to clean air including compensation for health damage – comment on JP v Ministre de la Transition écologique, C-61/21
Authors: Bazylinska-Nagler Justyna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
On the one hand, the EU member states are to manage ambient air quality in line with the Air Quality Directive (dir. 2008/50/EC) provisions that put forward local air quality targets. On the other hand, EU citizens have their right to demand that their local authorities pass ‘air quality plans’ for towns or districts where air quality standards were below the so-called limit values. In 2008, in the Janecek

Judgement of the Court of Justice of 25.07.2008, C-237/07 Dieter Janecek v. Freistaat Bayern EU:C:2008:447.
case the Court of Justice of the EU (the CJEU) for the first time recognised the direct effect of Articles 13 and 23 of this directive, and in this way granted rights to individuals to challenge local air quality plans for their inefficiency.
The main point of this article is to prove that EU citizens have a subjective, justiciable right to clean and healthy air, and to examine whether this right entitles them to compensation for health damage due to air pollution, as was the subject matter of the commented case: JP v Ministre de la Transition écologique. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the three conditions of the Francovich rule for state liability established in the Brasserie du Pêcheur case: ‘1. the rule of law infringed must be intended to confer rights on individuals; 2. the breach must be sufficiently serious, 3. and there must be a direct causal link between the breach of the obligation resting on the state and the damage sustained by the injured parties’

Judgement of the Court of Justice of 5.03.1996, C-46/93 and 48/93 Brasserie du Pêcheur EU:C:1996:79.
.
Convergence and Divergence in Multilateral Initiatives of Leading Powers
Authors: Komarov I. D. , Gorbunova M. L. 
Published: October 2024

The emergence of multilateral initiative states and integration associations of the world, including the “Belt and road” of China, the “Greater Eurasian Partnership” of the Russian Federation, the “Free and Open Indo-Pacific Region” of the USA and Japan, the “Global Gateway” of the EU is an element of the rivalry between the mentioned powers. Within the system of international relations, this trend creates a complex interdependence among States with a different position in the global socio-political and economic hierarchy. Comparing multilateral initiatives represents a relatively new and promising research topic. The authors examine the convergence or divergence of separate multilateral initiatives by an assessment of the trends in income inequality among participating States. The income inequality is obtained through a calculation of cross-border Gini index for GDP per capita.The research conclusions are following. First, the presence of the authors revealed multilateral initiatives in cooperation with developing groups in all major states - development centers and details of such projects by the PRC, USA, Russian Federation, Japan and EU. Second, the elements of goal-setting and in the composition of the participants lead to a conclusion that multilateral initiatives of great powers at the same time constitutes an example of both power projection and complex interdependence typical to the periods of globalization trend in the evolution of international relations.Furthermore, the study results showed that the rising powers Russia and China, alongside Japan – a traditional power – have less inequality and better convergence rates within their multilateral initiatives. The US initiative has the highest level of inequality, but there is a convergence. The EU initiative has both a high inequality and the minimal dynamic convergence.Thus, the approach used by the authors to assess the inequality and convergence of multilateral initiatives based on the calculation of the cross-border Gini index demonstrates comparative inequality with sufficient completeness and characterizes the processes of convergence and divergence of multilateral initiative.