bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Controversial Orientation of Adenine on Gold and Silver
Authors: Harroun Scott G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn which orientation does adenine adsorb on gold and silver surfaces? This question has been a matter of debate for over 30 years. Since the dawn of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); it and other techniques such as tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), density functional theory (DFT) simulations, and more, have been used in many attempts to answer this seemingly straightforward, yet controversial, question. Herein, the timeline and recent advances on this topic are explored, and the frequently contradictory findings are put into context and discussed.
Room Temperature Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets
Authors: Mandal Peetam , Naik M. Jaya Prakash , Saha Mitali 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe domain of graphene's application is highly multifaceted in the recent years but developing quintessential quality of graphene is quite challenging for industrial sectors via facile route. In this article, an indigenous one step production of graphene from graphite powder by mere stirring and using eco‐friendly aqueous solvent is reported. This fabrication process also bypass the conventional multistep involved previously. The role of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant and the effect of stirring at different time intervals are studied, which clearly indicates that the surfactant facilitates the dispersion of the precursor in water at room temperature and the prolonged stirring helps to break the labile van der Waals forces within the graphitic structure.
Invincible AODV to detect black hole and gray hole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Sandhya Venu Vasantha , Avula Damodaram 
Published: January 2018

SummaryToday's communication world is majorly driven by mobile nodes that demand wireless systems for their data relay. One such network is mobile ad hoc network, which is a purely wireless network with which communication is feasible instantly without any aid of preexisting infrastructure; due to this magnificent feature, it has a wide variety of applications. Mobile ad hoc network hinges on cooperative nature of the mobile nodes for relaying data. But at the same time, nodes relaying data for others may compromise, leading to various security attacks. Two main security attacks that drastically bring down the performance of mobile ad hoc network are black hole and gray hole attacks. In this paper, we propose 2 versions of invincible Ad hoc On‐Demand Distance Vector protocol to detect black hole and gray hole nodes that have bypassed preventive mechanism during route discovery process. First is the basic version, which is based on node‐to‐node frame check sequence tracking mechanism, and second is the enhanced version, which is based on signed frame check sequence tracking mechanism. They create a deterrent environment addressing all kinds of black and gray hole attacks. They also provide reliable data transmission to all the nonmalicious nodes in the network by using end‐to‐end authentication mechanism. Simulation results show better performance in packet delivery ratio when compared with other contemporary solutions while addressing all kinds of black and gray hole attacks. It shows significant improvement in end‐to‐end delay and normalized routing load over Ad hoc On‐Demand Distance Vector under black hole or gray hole attacks and also shows better throughput and packet delivery ratio than the existing solution.
Temporal heterogeneity increases with spatial heterogeneity in ecological communities
Authors: Collins Scott L. , Avolio Meghan L. , Gries Corinna , Hallett Lauren M. , Koerner Sally E. , La Pierre Kimberly J. , Rypel Andrew L. , Sokol Eric R. , Fey Samuel B. , Flynn Dan F. B. , Jones Sydney K. , Ladwig Laura M. , Ripplinger Julie , Jones Matt B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHeterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a foundational characteristic of ecological systems. Under global change, understanding temporal community heterogeneity is necessary for predicting the stability of ecosystem functions and services. Indeed, spatial heterogeneity is commonly used in alternative stable state theory as a predictor of temporal heterogeneity and therefore an early indicator of regime shifts. To evaluate whether spatial heterogeneity in species composition is predictive of temporal heterogeneity in ecological communities, we analyzed 68 community data sets spanning freshwater and terrestrial systems where measures of species abundance were replicated over space and time. Of the 68 data sets, 55 (81%) had a weak to strongly positive relationship between spatial and temporal heterogeneity, while in the remaining communities the relationship was weak to strongly negative (19%). Based on a mixed model analysis, we found a significant but weak overall positive relationship between spatial and temporal heterogeneity across all data sets combined, and within aquatic and terrestrial data sets separately. In addition, lifespan and successional stage were negatively and positively related to temporal heterogeneity, respectively. We conclude that spatial heterogeneity may be a predictor of temporal heterogeneity in ecological communities, and that this relationship may be a general property of many terrestrial and aquatic communities.
Experimental evidence that density dependence strongly influences plant invasions through fragmented landscapes
Authors: Williams Jennifer L. , Levine Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPopulations of range expanding species encounter patches of both favorable and unfavorable habitat as they spread across landscapes. Theory shows that increasing patchiness slows the spread of populations modeled with continuously varying population density when dispersal is not influence by the environment or individual behavior. However, as is found in uniformly favorable landscapes, spread remains driven by fecundity and dispersal from low density individuals at the invasion front. In contrast, when modeled populations are composed of discrete individuals, patchiness causes populations to build up to high density before dispersing past unsuitable habitat, introducing an important influence of density dependence on spread velocity. To test the hypothesized interaction between habitat patchiness and density dependence, we simultaneously manipulated these factors in a greenhouse system of annual plants spreading through replicated experimental landscapes. We found that increasing the size of gaps and amplifying the strength of density dependence both slowed spread velocity, but contrary to predictions, the effect of amplified density dependence was similar across all landscape types. Our results demonstrate that the discrete nature of individuals in spreading populations has a strong influence on how both landscape patchiness and density dependence influence spread through demographic and dispersal stochasticity. Both finiteness and landscape structure should be critical components to theoretical predictions of future spread for range expanding native species or invasive species colonizing new habitat.
Quantitative analysis of sesquiterpenes and comparison of three Curcuma wenyujin herbal medicines by micro matrix solid phase dispersion coupled with MEEKC
Authors: Wei Mengmeng , Chu Chu , Wang Shan , Yan Jizhong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA simple, efficient and environmental friendly method was proposed for determining five sesquiterpenoids of Curcuma wenyujin by MSPD extraction coupled with MEEKC separation. Molecular sieve was applied as a solid support for extraction of sesquiterpenoids for the first time. Various parameters affecting extraction and separation efficiency were investigated. The optimized conditions involved dispersing sample (200 mg) with 200 mg of TS‐1 for 150 s and using 1000 μL of methanol to elute five target analytes. Finally, they were well separated by using a running buffer containing 1.3% SDS, 5.0% 1‐butanol, 0.5% ethyl acetate and 10% acetonitrile in 10 mM borate buffer at pH 9.0. Consequently, the developed method was fully validated and successfully applied to determine the five sesquiterpenoids including curdine, curcumenol, germacrone, furanodiene and β‐elemene in Curcuma wenyujin origin's Chinese herbal medicines. Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analysis was performed based on the contents of target compounds for distinguishing steamed and non‐steamed drugs. The present study provided a promising method for fast investigation and discrimination of chemical difference in steam & non‐steamed Chinese medicines from Curcuma wenyujin origin.
Modern separation techniques coupled to high performance mass spectrometry for glycolipid analysis
Authors: Sarbu Mirela , Zamfir Alina Diana 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGlycolipids (GLs), involved in biological processes and pathologies, such as viral, neurodegenerative and oncogenic transformations are in the focus of research related to method development for structural analysis. This review highlights modern separation techniques coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) for the investigation of GLs from various biological matrices. First section is dedicated to methods, which, although provide the separation in a non‐liquid phase, are able to supply important data on the composition of complex mixtures. While classical thin layer chromatography (TLC) is useful for MS analyses of the fractionated samples, ultramodern ion mobility (IMS) characterized by high reproducibility facilitates to discover minor species and to apply low sample amounts, in addition to providing conformational separation with isomer discrimination. Second section highlights the advantages, applications and limitations of liquid‐based separation techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in direct or indirect coupling to MS for glycolipidomics surveys. The on‐ and off‐line capillary electrophoresis (CE) MS, offering a remarkable separation efficiency of GLs is also presented and critically assessed from the technical and application perspective in the final part of the review.
Time to push the age limit: Epilepsy surgery in patients 60 years or older
Authors: Punia Vineet , Abdelkader Ahmed , Busch Robyn M. , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge , Bingaman William , Najm Imad , Stojic Andrey 
Published: January 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo summarize the existing literature on resective epilepsy surgery (RES) in older adults (≥60 years old) and examine seizure and neuropsychological outcomes in a single‐center large cohort of older adults undergoing RES and their comparison to a consecutive, younger (25‐ to45‐year‐old) adult population who underwent RES in routine clinical practice.MethodsFirst, a comprehensive literature review was performed. Then, we identified older adults who underwent RES at our center (2000–2015). Outcome analysis was performed on patients who had ≥1 year of clinical follow‐up. A younger cohort of patients who underwent RES during the same period was selected for comparison. The 2 groups were compared with respect to demographic and disease variables as well as key clinical outcomes.ResultsSeizure outcomes on 58 older patients were reported in existing literature; 72% achieved Engel class I outcome ≥1 year postoperatively. Sixty‐four older adults underwent RES at our center, accounting for 2.8% of all RES during the study period. A total of 51 older adults (Mage = 65) among them had ≥1‐year clinical follow‐up; 80% achieved Engel I outcome after a mean follow‐up of 3.2 years. This was comparable to the 68% Engel class I outcome among 50 consecutive younger adults, despite later age of onset, longer epilepsy duration, and more comorbidities (all p < 0.001) among older adults. The majority (86%) of older adults were referred to our center after years of suffering from drug‐resistant epilepsy. There were no group differences in surgical complications. However, 1 older adult passed away post‐RES. There was no difference in post‐RES neuropsychological outcomes compared to younger adults, except significantly higher number of older adults showed a decline in confrontational naming.SignificanceRES in well‐selected older adults is a safe and effective therapy, and advanced age should not preclude consideration of surgical therapy in older adults with pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
Effect of neurostimulation on cognition and mood in refractory epilepsy
Authors: Chan Alvin Y. , Rolston John D. , Rao Vikram R. , Chang Edward F. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryEpilepsy is a common, debilitating neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Mood disorders and cognitive deficits are common comorbidities in epilepsy that, like seizures, profoundly influence quality of life and can be difficult to treat. For patients with refractory epilepsy who are not candidates for resection, neurostimulation, the electrical modulation of epileptogenic brain tissue, is an emerging treatment alternative. Several forms of neurostimulation are currently available, and therapy selection hinges on relative efficacy for seizure control and amelioration of neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Here, we review the current evidence for how invasive and noninvasive neurostimulation therapies affect mood and cognition in persons with epilepsy. Invasive therapies include vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and responsive neurostimulation (RNS). Noninvasive therapies include trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Overall, current evidence supports stable cognition and mood with all neurostimulation therapies, although there is some evidence that cognition and mood may improve with invasive forms of neurostimulation. More research is required to optimize the effects of neurostimulation for improvements in cognition and mood.
Assessment of soil factors controlling ephemeral gully erosion on agricultural fields
Authors: Ollobarren Del Barrio Paul , Campo‐Bescós Miguel A. , Giménez Rafael , Casalí Javier 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe soil factor is crucial in controlling and properly modeling the initiation and development of ephemeral gullies (EGs). Usually, EG initiation has been related to various soil properties (i.e. sealing, critical shear stress, moisture, texture, etc.); meanwhile, the total growth of each EG (erosion rate) has been linked with proper soil erodibility. But, despite the studies to determine the influence of soil erodibility on (ephemeral) gully erosion, a universal approach is still lacking. This is due to the complex relationship and interactions between soil properties and the erosive process. A feasible soil characterization of EG erosion prediction on a large scale should be based on simple, quick and inexpensive tests to perform. The objective of this study was to identify and assess the soil properties – easily and quickly to determine – which best reflect soil erodibility on EG erosion. Forty‐nine different physical–chemical soil properties that may participate in establishing soil erodibility were determined on agricultural soils affected by the formation of EGs in Spain and Italy. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and in the field (in the vicinity of the erosion paths). Because of its importance in controlling EG erosion, five variables related to antecedent moisture prior to the event that generated the gullies and two properties related to landscape topography were obtained for each situation. The most relevant variables were detected using multivariate analysis. The results defined 13 key variables: water content before the initiation of EGs, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, relative sealing index, two granulometric and organic matter indices, seal permeability, aggregates stability (three index), crust penetration resistance, shear strength and an erodibility index obtained from the Jet Test erosion apparatus. The latter is proposed as a useful technique to evaluate and predict soil loss caused by EG erosion. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid machine learning algorithms for fault detection in android smartphones
Authors: Jogarah Keshav K. , Soopaul Keshav , Beeharry Yogesh , Hurbungs Visham 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe newest trends with smart devices and the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is that of big data and analytics. More recently, the concept of mobile cloud computing has emerged with advances in terms of hardware and communication speeds. However, there are serious implications on the normal lifetime of the battery‐powered smart devices being used for these different applications. Most sensors deployed for different smart IoT applications are already available in smart phones and used by the majority of individuals on a daily basis. With the recent explosions of the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 smartphones, safety of individuals has climbed the priority list in the IoT field. Along this line, it is important to address fault detection and prediction of smartphones, which are being used in fields such as mobile health. In this paper, a cloud‐based open‐source framework for capturing and processing real‐time streaming information (eg, screen brightness, CPU usage, battery level, voltage, device temperature, and Wi‐Fi signal strength) about different android‐based smartphones has been set up. A NoSQL Cassandra database is used and a Spark distributed computing Scala‐based framework accesses the data for further processing. Classification machine learning algorithms (Naïve‐Bayes (NB), decision tree (DT), and random forest) are used to obtain trained models for predicting symptoms of faulty behaviors in smartphones. The performance of a hybrid 2‐staged machine learning mechanism is proposed whereby cascaded classification algorithms are used. Results show that when using DT algorithm (Level 1) and NB algorithm (Level 2), a slight increase in percentage accuracy is observed. This demonstrates that there is the possibility for further improving the NB model for classification and fault detection when using a combined training model with DT algorithm (Level 1) and NB algorithm (Level 2). The results for the cascaded model show that the percentage accuracy of most hybrid models in this case are slightly inferior to the standalone models themselves. The hybrid models using the DT algorithm at both levels and DT algorithm followed by RF algorithm do not improve the percentage accuracy. However, this demonstrates that the robustness of the classification algorithm can be maintained with this type of hybrid classification algorithm and leaves room for further research of possible techniques and ways to improve the accuracy.
A discrete population balance equation for binary breakage
Authors: Liao Y. , Oertel R. , Kriebitzsch S. , Schlegel F. , Lucas D. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe numerical solution of the population balance equation is frequently achieved by means of discretization, ie, by the method of classes. An important concern of discrete formulations is the preservation of 2 chosen moments of the distribution, eg, numbers and mass, while remaining flexible on the grid and kernels applied. Existing formulations for breakage are either able to perserve only one moment or restricted by the choice of grid and kernels. Two types of kernel functions for the description of breakup rate exist, ie, total breakup model and partial breakup model. The first type states the total breakup rate of a mother particle and requires a daughter size distribution function. The other type gives the breakup rate between a mother and a daughter particle directly. Existing formulations are known to work well for the former type but inefficiently for the latter one due to the need of additional numerical integrations. The particular focus of the present work lies in developing an efficient formulation for this type of kernels. A discrete formulation of the breakup terms due to binary breakage is proposed, which allows a direct implementation of both types of breakup kernels and an efficient solution of the population balance equation, making it favorable for the coupling to computational fluid dynamics codes. The results for a pure breakage process obtained by using the new formulation and various kernels are compared with those by a reference formulation as well as analytical solutions. Good agreement is achieved in all test cases, and numerical efficiency of the new formulation for partial breakup models is evidenced.
Role of dental hardware in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in the low‐risk nonsmoker nondrinker population
Authors: Yesensky Jessica A. , Hasina Rifat , Wroblewski Kristen E. , Bellairs Joseph , Gooi Zhen , Saloura Vassiliki , Cipriani Nicole A. , Vokes Everett E. , Portugal Louis G. , Seiwert Tanguy Y. , Blair Elizabeth D. , Agrawal Nishant 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundOral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in nonsmokers and nondrinkers remains poorly characterized. We hypothesized that these patients had prior exposure to metallic dental hardware.MethodsWe utilized a questionnaire querying the lifetime oral health status of 54 patients. Demographics and extensive oral health history were collected.ResultsThe majority of patients (74%) had prior exposure to metallic dental hardware. The younger population with almost exclusively oral tongue cancer had a high prevalence of metallic orthodontic braces (40%) within 15 years before diagnosis. In the 51+ year age group, 82% had crowns, dental implants, and/or dentures with metallic elements.ConclusionExposure to metallic dental hardware has increased in the past few decades given the rise of orthodontic braces and older adults retaining more teeth. Although this study does not prove a causal relationship between oral cavity SCC and dental hardware, this is a step toward identifying and investigating their role.
Multicenter assessment of exclusive endoscopic endonasal approach for the treatment of 53 olfactory neuroblastomas
Authors: de Gabory Ludovic , Verillaud Benjamin , Rumeau Cécile , Herman Philippe , Jankowski Roger , Michel Justin , de Kermadec Héloïse , Coste André , Mortuaire Geoffrey , Righini Christian , Reyt Emile , Choussy Olivier , Trévillot Vincent , Crampette Louis , Serrano Elie , Tsaranazy Anjarasoa , Bastier Pierre‐Louis , Vergez Sebastien 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundGiven the particularities of olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) and the lack of studies on the subject, a multicenter collaborative study was conducted to assess treatment strategy.MethodsFifty‐three patients with ONB were included from the French Rare Head and Neck Cancer Expert Network (REFCOR) database: 16T1, 8T2, 19T3, and 10T4. All cases were treated endoscopically with skull base removal and repair in 26 cases (49%) and without external craniotomy.ResultsThe overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) rates at 5 years were 87% and 71%, respectively, with mean follow‐up of 45.4 ± 26.5 months. The complication rate was 18.8% with 4 cases of meningitis. Pathological analysis showed positive margins in 26.8%, notably on the dura‐mater and periorbita, without impairment of OS or DFS. Forty‐eight patients received adjuvant radiotherapy on T ± N. Ten patients had a recurrence (18.9%). Six patients died of their disease. Prophylactic neck irradiation seemed to reduce the recurrence rate.ConclusionExclusively endoscopic treatment proved efficient and reliable in a large controlled series.