bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prize‐collecting set multicovering with submodular pricing
Authors: Porumbel Daniel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe consider a ground set E and a submodular function acting on it. We first propose a “set multicovering” problem in which the value (price) of any is . We show that the linear program (LP) of this problem can be directly solved by applying a submodular function minimization (SFM) algorithm on the dual LP. However, the main results of this study concern prize‐collecting multicovering with submodular pricing, that is, a more general and more difficult “multicovering” problem in which elements can be left uncovered by paying a penalty. We formulate it as a large‐scale LP (with variables representing all subsets of E) that could be tackled by column generation (CG; for a CG algorithm for “set‐covering” problems with submodular pricing). However, we do not solve this large‐scale LP by CG, but we solve it in polynomial time by exploiting its integrality properties. More exactly, after appropriate restructuring, the dual LP can be transformed into an LP that has been thoroughly studied (as a primal) in the SFM theory. Solving this LP reduces to optimizing a strong map of submodular functions. For this, we use the Fleischer–Iwata framework that optimizes all these functions within the same asymptotic running time as solving a single SFM, that is, in , where and γ is the complexity of one submodular evaluation. Besides solving the problem, the proposed approach can be useful to (a) simultaneously find the best solution of up to functions under strong map relations in time, (b) perform sensitivity analysis in very short time (even at no extra cost), and (c) reveal combinatorial insight into the primal–dual optimal solutions. We present several potential applications throughout the paper, from production planning to combinatorial auctions.
The Factory: an Experimental Studio for Discovering the Other
Authors: Almaç Bihter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article discusses the idea of otherness in design education and introduces a new approach that merges the potentials of collaborative and individual design. The aim is for each individual student to discover how others design to criticise and derive their own ways of designing. Therefore, the discussion here focuses on the process of becoming aware of other designers and the importance of being with others while designing. I call this state the Field of Otherness. It is something that cannot be described or taught; it is a relative and indeterminate zone based on the existence of others. It is a set of potentials in which designers oscillate and their design aspects merge into a multiplicity. In this article I argue that by discovering others, designers encounter each other in the Field of Otherness and this enables them to design diversely. To broaden the discussion within this context, an experimental one‐day project called the Factory is explored. The main idea of the project was to introduce students to the Field of Otherness, in which they would design by continual ‘as ifs’ and oscillations to meet the other; who is precisely unfamiliar, unexpected, unknown and inexperienced. Interviews with students three months after the project are used to investigate the effects. These interviews can also be seen as fragments of the otherness experience of the students.
The Visual Differences of the Classroom Walls in Chilean Primary Schools
Authors: Errázuriz Luis , Portales Carlos 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn a world increasingly saturated with images, the visual aesthetic dimension should play a more important role in the educational processes. Furthermore, classroom walls could be considered valuable resources to introduce visual literacy among children and teachers. However, Chilean educational policies tend not to pay much attention to visual culture in the classroom. Hence, the selection of visual images displayed on classroom walls as well as the way they are exhibited should be more carefully thought through. Under the assumption that visual resources are pedagogically significant elements, the present investigation examined the images displayed on the classroom walls of the first year of primary schools in the district of Peñalolén in Santiago, Chile. We present a comparative analysis of visual environments found in different administrative types of schools (municipal, subsidised and fully private schools), using a qualitative method, as well as a quantification of the sample schools. The analysis shows that inequality between types of schools reproduces in images, favouring private schools in aspects such as the degree of planning of the visual environment, student participation in terms of production, the aesthetic quality of the images and its iconographic variety.
NGO Art Education
Authors: Kalin Nadine M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHow is art education being put to use today? To explore this provocation, I read between the lines of teaching for civic literacy through visual arts education in the United States as mandated by the Partnership for 21st Century Skills. I consider an art education of social practice's utility within this mandate. In order to accomplish this, I describe artist Rick Lowe's Trans.lation: Vickery Meadow social sculpture project and then analyse this through a service aesthetics’ lens and neoliberal motives. In the process of overlaying social practice within the Partnership for 21st Century Skills as a model for visual arts and citizenship education toward globally competent graduates, I articulate the possible limitations of such micro‐utopian ventures for art education that amount to NGO‐esque art, making the case that these efforts, while facilitating a feeling of civic engagement, only further intensify the depoliticisation of art education acting as a form of Rancière's better police in reasserting the neoliberal status quo. I sound a cautionary note about such a pragmatic turn risking the exacerbation of our collective interpassivity through aligning art education too closely to our apparent use value for late capitalism.
Therapeutic roles of telocytes in OVA‐induced acute asthma in mice
Authors: Ye Ling , Song Dongli , Jin Meiling , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTelocytes (TCs) newly discovered as the mesenchyme‐derived interstitial cells were found to have supportive effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The present study aimed at investigating effects of TCs or TCs gathered with MSCs on experimental airway inflammation and hyper‐responsiveness. The TCs were isolated from the lung tissue of the female BALB/c mice. The ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced asthma model was established. TCs (1 × 106/2 × 106) and/or MSCs (1 × 106) were injected through mice tail vein for consecutive three days before OVA excited the mice. This study at first demonstrated that the transplantation of TCs could improve allergen‐induced asthma by obviously inhibiting airway inflammation and airway hyper‐responsiveness preclinically, with the down‐regulation of Th2‐related cytokine IL‐4, transcription factor GATA‐3 and Th2 cell differentiation, while up‐regulation of Th1‐related cytokine IFN‐γ, transcription factor T‐bet and Th1 cells proliferation in asthma, just like MSCs. Co‐transplantation of TCs with MSCs showed better therapeutic effects on experimental asthma, even though the therapeutic effects of TCs alone were similar to those of MSCs alone. TCs and the combination of TCs with MSCs could improve the airway inflammation and airway hyper‐responsiveness and can be a new alternative for asthma therapy.
Getting Out to Get Ahead? Perspectives on Schooling and Social and Geographic Mobility in Southern Mexico
Authors: Howell Jayne 
Published: May 2017

ResumenLa educación para la movilidad social aparecen en estudios antropológicos de la urbanización y el desarrollo. La escolarización es constantemente ligado al progreso nacional, el aumento de los ingresos individuales, y una mejor calidad de vida en términos de nutrición, salud, y la alfabetización. México ha alcanzado cerca de la asistencia universal en los grados obligatorias. Sin embargo, el acceso desigual a la educación está determinada pr el nivel socioeconómico, sexo y lugar de residencia (Ornelas 2004). En el estado de Oaxaca, una distribución urbancentric de las escuelas significa que los estudiantes rurales deben “salir” de sus pueblos para “salir adelante.” Esta análisis etnográfico explora las percepciones de los individuos sobre el valor de la educación en un estado notorio por bajos niveles de escolaridad y alfabetización, junto con un mercado laboral saturado. Conclusiones examinan en el contexto global la discordia entre las aspiraciones y el creciente desempleo.
Developmental regulation and localization of carnitine palmitoyltransferases (CPTs) in rat brain
Authors: Jernberg Jennifer N. , Bowman Caitlyn E. , Wolfgang Michael J. , Scafidi Susanna 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhile the brain's high energy demands are largely met by glucose, brain is also equipped with the ability to oxidize fatty acids for energy and metabolism. The brain expresses the carnitine palmitoyltransferases (CPTs) that mediate carnitine‐dependent entry of long‐chain acyl‐CoAs into the mitochondrial matrix for β‐oxidation – CPT1a and CPT2 located on the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, respectively. Their developmental profile, regional distribution and activity as well as cell type expression remain unknown. We determined that brain CPT1a RNA and total protein expression were unchanged throughout post‐natal development (PND0, PND7, PND14, PND21 and PND50); however, CPT2 RNA peaked at PND 21 and remained unchanged through PND50 in all regions studied (cortex, hippocampus, midbrain, and cerebellum). Both long‐chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase and medium acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase showed a similar developmental profile to CPT2. Acylcarnitines, generated as a result of CPT1a activity, significantly increased with age and peaked at PND21 in all brain regions, concurrent with the increased expression of enzymes involved in mitochondrial β‐oxidation. The CPT system is highly enriched in vivo in hippocampus and cerebellum, relative to cortex and midbrain, and is exclusively present in astrocytes and neural progenitor cells, while absent in neurons, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Using radiolabeled oleate, we demonstrate regional differences in brain fatty acid oxidation that may be blocked by the irreversible CPT1a inhibitor etomoxir. This study contributes to the field of knowledge in brain cell‐specific metabolic pathways, which are important for understanding normal brain development and aging, as well as pathophysiology of neurological diseases.Read the Editorial Comment for this article on page 347.
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Experiences of xerostomia after radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhao Yue , Jansson Henrik , Chen Xiaocen , Mårtensson Jan 
Published: May 2017

Aims and objectivesTo describe the experiences of radiation‐induced xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer.BackgroundXerostomia is the most commonly occurring complication during and following radiotherapy. It can persist for several months or years and can have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life.DesignThis was a qualitative descriptive study.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 20 participants. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.ResultsAnalysis of the manifest content identified five categories: communication problems, physical problems, psychosocial problems, treatment problems and relief strategies. The latent content was formulated into a theme: due to lack of information from professionals, the patients had to find their own solutions for their problems.ConclusionsXerostomia is not only a biophysical symptom but also has a profound effect on the emotional, intellectual and sociocultural dimensions of life. The majority of patients continued to suffer from xerostomia and its associated symptoms after radiotherapy, in part, because of a lack of professional support, including the inability of nurses to provide oral health care.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses need to be knowledgeable about the effects of radiotherapy on oral mucosa and about appropriate interventions. The healthcare system requires a symptom management platform for radiation‐induced complications, to help patients, their families and healthcare professionals obtain information about self‐care, treatments and relief strategies.
Decreased bed rest post‐percutaneous coronary intervention with a 7‐French arterial sheath and its effects on vascular complications
Authors: Wentworth Laura J , Bechtum Elizabeth L , Hoffman Jessica G , Kramer Robert R , Bartel David C , Slusser Joshua P , Tilbury Ralph Thomas 
Published: May 2017

Aims and objectivesTo compare the incidence of femoral access puncture site complications in the control group, who underwent 6 hr of bed rest, with patients in the case group, who underwent 4 hr of bed rest.BackgroundThe ideal bed rest length after percutaneous coronary intervention with a 7‐French arterial sheath has been investigated by nursing practice. However, in this larger‐sheath‐size group, best practices have not been determined, and bed rest time continues to vary markedly among institutions.DesignRetrospective study.MethodsData were retrieved from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry and electronic health records in this retrospective study. Sample size was 401 patients: 152 case patients with 4‐hr bed rest and 249 controls with 6‐hr bed rest. Case group data were obtained from 20 May 2013–31 December 2014; and control group data, 15 June 2011–20 May 2013.ResultsNational Cardiovascular Data Registry event rates were generally low in both groups: Only three patients in each group had a bleeding event within 72 hr (2% vs. 1%) and no patient and only two controls had arteriovenous fistula (0% vs. 1%). Complications documented in the electronic health records with institutional femoral access puncture site complication definitions identified bleeding at the access site in eight case patients (5%) and nine controls (4%). Haematoma at the access site occurred in 21 case patients (14%) and 25 controls (10%).ConclusionsThe practice change of decreasing bed rest from 6–4 hr for patients with 7‐French arterial sheaths post‐percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with no significant change in femoral access puncture site complications in either National Cardiovascular Data Registry data or institutional electronic health records data.Relevance to clinical practiceThis introduces expanded evidence of safety in decreasing bed rest length in larger (7‐French) arterial sheaths post‐percutaneous coronary intervention.
Anticipatory vigilance: A grounded theory study of minimising risk within the perioperative setting
Authors: O'Brien Brid , Andrews Tom , Savage Eileen 
Published: May 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore and explain how nurses minimise risk in the perioperative setting.BackgroundPerioperative nurses care for patients who are having surgery or other invasive explorative procedures. Perioperative care is increasingly focused on how to improve patient safety. Safety and risk management is a global priority for health services in reducing risk. Many studies have explored safety within the healthcare settings. However, little is known about how nurses minimise risk in the perioperative setting.DesignClassic grounded theory.MethodsEthical approval was granted for all aspects of the study. Thirty‐seven nurses working in 11 different perioperative settings in Ireland were interviewed and 33 hr of nonparticipant observation was undertaken. Concurrent data collection and analysis was undertaken using theoretical sampling. Constant comparative method, coding and memoing and were used to analyse the data.ResultsParticipants’ main concern was how to minimise risk. Participants resolved this through engaging in anticipatory vigilance (core category). This strategy consisted of orchestrating, routinising and momentary adapting.ConclusionUnderstanding the strategies of anticipatory vigilance extends and provides an in‐depth explanation of how nurses’ behaviour ensures that risk is minimised in a complex high‐risk perioperative setting. This is the first theory situated in the perioperative area for nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceThis theory provides a guide and understanding for nurses working in the perioperative setting on how to minimise risk. It makes perioperative nursing visible enabling positive patient outcomes. This research suggests the need for training and education in maintaining safety and minimising risk in the perioperative setting.
A panel of microRNAs can be used to determine oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Prasad Gareema , Seers Christine , Reynolds Eric , McCullough Michael J. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundSubjective histopathology is currently used to diagnose oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We tested if abundances of a panel of microRNA could be an objective OSCC indicator.MethodLiterature review enabled identification of 10 microRNAs associated with oral and head and neck malignancies. We extracted RNA from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded biopsies; 20 each with OSCC, dysplasia, or histologically normal epithelium (HNE) and 10 with oral lichen planus (OLP). Relative abundances of microRNAs in HNE and OSCC were determined using reverse transcription and then real‐time PCR with global mean normalization. MicroRNAs differentially expressed (test microRNA, T‐miR) and non‐differentially expressed (normalization microRNA, N‐miR) were identified. The raw microRNA Cq data were incorporated in a developed algorithm that output a T‐miR expression value (T‐miREV) score. Raw Cq data from HNE, OSCC, dysplasia, and OLP samples were then used to test the algorithm scoring and OSCC classification.ResultsFour test and normalization microRNAs were identified. Algorithm output of T‐mirEV >1 or <−1 indicated high and low OSCC probability score, respectively, and gave 88.9% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 93.5% accuracy. Grouping high and intermediate T‐mirEV scores (T‐miREV ≥−1) resulted in sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 65%, and accuracy of 77.5% in OSCC classification. All 20 dysplasias and eight of 10 OLP had T‐miREV ≥−1 indicating intermediate to high probability of malignant changes.ConclusionA microRNA panel combined with our algorithm can identify tissue with probable oncogenic changes.ImpactThe developed algorithm serves as a baseline for prospective trials, which may result in potential clinical utility.
Regulation of bone mass through pineal‐derived melatonin‐MT2 receptor pathway
Authors: Sharan Kunal , Lewis Kirsty , Furukawa Takahisa , Yadav Vijay K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTryptophan, an essential amino acid through a series of enzymatic reactions gives rise to various metabolites, viz. serotonin and melatonin, that regulate distinct biological functions. We show here that tryptophan metabolism in the pineal gland favors bone mass accrual through production of melatonin, a pineal‐derived neurohormone. Pineal gland‐specific deletion of Tph1, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the melatonin biosynthesis lead to a decrease in melatonin levels and a low bone mass due to an isolated decrease in bone formation while bone resorption parameters remained unaffected. Skeletal analysis of the mice deficient in MT1 or MT2 melatonin receptors showed a low bone mass in MT2−/− mice while MT1−/− mice had a normal bone mass compared to the WT mice. This low bone mass in the MT2−/− mice was due to an isolated decrease in osteoblast numbers and bone formation. In vitro assays of the osteoblast cultures derived from the MT1−/− and MT2−/− mice showed a cell intrinsic defect in the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization abilities of MT2−/− osteoblasts compared to WT counterparts, and the mutant cells did not respond to melatonin addition. Finally, we demonstrate that daily oral administration of melatonin can increase bone accrual during growth and can cure ovariectomy‐induced structural and functional degeneration of bone by specifically increasing bone formation. By identifying pineal‐derived melatonin as a regulator of bone mass through MT2 receptors, this study expands the role played by tryptophan derivatives in the regulation of bone mass and underscores its therapeutic relevance in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Melatonin influences the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in porcine cumulus oocyte complexes
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Jin Jun‐Xue , Taweechaipaisankul Anukul , Kim Geon A. , Ahn Curie , Lee Byeong Chun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMelatonin, which is synthesized in the pineal gland and peripheral reproductive organs, has antioxidant properties and regulates physiological processes. It is well known that melatonin affects in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and embryonic development in many species. However, beneficial effects of melatonin on IVM have been explained mainly by indirect antioxidant effects and little information is available on the underlying mechanism by which melatonin directly acts on porcine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs). Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is important for follicle development, oocyte maturation, and embryo development, and there may be a relationship between melatonin and Shh signaling. To examine this, we designed three groups: (i) control, (ii) melatonin (10−9 mol/L), and (iii) melatonin with cyclopamine (2 μmol/L; Shh signaling inhibitor). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these agents on cumulus expansion, oocyte maturation, embryo development after parthenogenetic activation (PA), gene expression in cumulus cells, oocytes and blastocysts, and protein expression in COCs. Melatonin significantly increased the proportion of COCs exhibiting complete cumulus expansion (degree 4), PA blastocyst formation rates, and total cell numbers, which were inhibited by addition of cyclopamine. Simultaneously, the expression of cumulus expansion‐related genes (Ptgs1, Ptgs2, and Has2) and Shh signaling‐related genes (Shh, Pthc1, Smo, and Gli1) and proteins (Ptch1, Smo, and Gli1) in cumulus cells was upregulated in the melatonin‐treated group, and these effects were also inhibited by cyclopamine. In conclusion, our results suggest that Shh signaling mediates effects of melatonin to improve porcine cumulus expansion and subsequent embryo development.
(Un)equal Educational Opportunities and the Labor Market: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Benegas Maurício , Corrêa Márcio Veras 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper intends to study the effects of public school quality offer on the labor market performance. With this objective in mind, we build a matching model for the labor market in two sectors: schooled and non‐schooled. The skilled segment of the economy is endogenous and composed of a continuum of workers who differ in the quality of the school attended. We show that there is a trade‐off between the quantity and the quality of education and that a reduction in schooling costs increases school enrollment rates. However, it adversely reduces the job creation dynamics in the skilled sector, due to the Composition Effect. We also verify that a first order improvement in school quality distribution may generate an increase in the schooling rate and a greater job vacancy creation in the skilled sector with no negative effects on the unskilled sector.