bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CCL2 is Modulated by Cytokines and PPAR-γ in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Ferrari Silvia Martina , Elia Giusy , Piaggi Simona , Baldini Enke , Ulisse Salvatore , Miccoli Mario , Materazzi Gabriele , Antonelli Alessandro , Fallahi Poupak 
Published: July 2017

Background and Objective:
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2, the prototype Th2 chemokine, is
secreted by tumor cells, and has growth promoting effects. Whether CCL2 protumorigenic activities will be
validated, then CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 may be therapeutic targets in cancer.

Methods:
We tested in “primary human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells” (ANA) versus “normal thyroid
follicular cells” (TFC): a) CCL2 secretion basally, after IFN-γ and/or TNF-α stimulation; b) PPARγ activation
by thiazolidinediones (TZDs), rosiglitazone or pioglitazone, on CCL2 secretion, and on proliferation and
apoptosis in ANA.

Results:
ANA produced basally CCL2, at a higher level versus TFC. IFN-γ or TNF-α dose-dependently induced
the CCL2 release in 3/6 or 5/6 ANA, respectively, but in all TFC. IFN-γ+TNF-α induced a synergistic release of
CCL2 in all TFC, but only in 1/6 ATC. TZDs exerted an inhibition of CCL2 release in 3/6 ANA, while had no
effect in TFC. Pioglitazone inhibition of ANA proliferation was not associated with the effect on CCL2; NF-κB
and ERK1/2 were basally activated in ANA, increased by IFN-γ+TNF-α, and pioglitazone inhibited IFN-
γ+TNF-α activation. CCL2 serum levels were higher in 6 ATC patients than in 5 controls (813±345 versus
345±212, pg/mL; respectively; P<0.01, ANOVA).

Conclusion:
ANA produce CCL2 basally and after cytokines stimulation, with an extremely variable pattern of
modulation, suggesting different types of deregulation in the chemokine modulation. Serum CCL2 is increased
in ATC patients. Further studies will be necessary to evaluate if CCL2 might be used as a marker in the followup
of ATC patients.
Use of Nasal Non-Invasive Ventilation with a RAM Cannula in the Outpatient Home Setting
Authors: De Jesus Rojas Wilfredo , Samuels Cheryl L. , Gonzales Traci R. , McBeth Katrina E. , Yadav Aravind , Stark James M. , Jon Cindy , Mosquera Ricardo A. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Nasal non-invasive-ventilation (Nasal NIV) is a mode of ventilatory support providing positive pressure to patients via a nasal interface. The RAM Cannula is an oxygen delivery device that can be used as an alternative approach to deliver positive pressure. Together they have been successfully used to provide respiratory support in neonatal in-patient settings.

Objective:
To describe the outpatient use of Nasal NIV/RAM Cannula as a feasible alternative for home respiratory support in children with chronic respiratory failure.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective case series of 18 children (4 months to 19 years old) using the Nasal NIV/RAM Cannula in the Pediatric Pulmonary Clinic at the McGovern Medical School, UTHealth (2014-16). Consideration for Nasal NIV/RAM Cannula utilization included: inability to wean-off in-patient respiratory support, comfort for dyspnea, intolerability of conventional mask interfaces and tracheostomy avoidance.

Results:
Average age was 7 years. 50% were Caucasian, 38% African-American and 11% Hispanics. Pulmonary disorders included: chest wall weakness (38%), central control abnormalities (33%), obstructive lung disease (16%) and restrictive lung disease (11%). Indications for Nasal NIV/RAM Cannula initiation included: CPAP/BPAP masks intolerability (11%), dyspnea secondary to chest wall weakness (38%) and tracheostomy avoidance (50%). Average length of use of Nasal NIV/RAM Cannula was 8.4 months. Successful implementation of Nasal NIV/Ram Cannula was 94%. One patient required a tracheostomy following the use of Nasal NIV/RAM Cannula. Significant decrease in arterial PaCO2 pre and post Nasal NIV/RAM cannula initiation was notable (p=0.001).

Conclusion:
Outpatient use of Nasal NIV/RAM Cannula may prove to be a feasible and save treatment alternative for children with chronic respiratory failure, chest wall weakness, dyspnea and traditional nasal/face mask intolerance to avoid tracheostomy.
Combined Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant And Micropulse Yellow Laser For Treatment Of Anti-VEGF Resistant Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Elhamid Ahmed Hosni Abd 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:To report the efficacy and safety of combined intravitreal dexamethasone implant and micropulse laser for anti-VEGF resistant diabetic macular edema.Patients and Methods:Prospective, non-controlled study that was conducted for twenty eyes with center-involved diabetic macular edema not responding to anti-VEGF therapy. Ozurdex intravitreal implant was injected to all eyes with subsequent micropulse yellow laser one month after the injection. All eyes were followed up after one, three, four, six, nine and twelve months. The primary outcome measure is the change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after one year and secondary outcome measures are central macular thickness (CMT) change and safety of both dexamethasone implant and micropulse laser. Reinjection was done for those eyes with recurrent edema.Results:The mean age was 58.8 ±7.94 years. The mean BCVA was 0.6± 0.14, 0.57 ±0.12, 0.51±0.15, 0.59±0.12, 0.6± 0.12 and 0.59±0.14 after one, three, four, six, nine and twelve months in comparison to 0.45± 0.14 as initial BCVA [SS,P<0.05]. The CMT was 302.5±30.01, 330.6±20.24, 357.6±32.15, 285.4±19.95, 292.9±25.07 and 285.2±14.99µm after one ,three, four ,six , nine and twelve months in comparison to initial CMT of 420.7 ±38.74µm [HS, P<0.01]. Cataract occurred in 6 eyes from 14 phakic eyes (42.8%). Transient ocular hypertension occurred in 6 eyes (30%). Reinjection was done for eight eyes (40%).Conclusion:Intravitreal dexamethasone implant and micropulse laser are both effective and safe treatment options for anti-VEGF resistant diabetic macular edema.
Rat Running Wheel Behavior Reflects Inflammatory, Orofacial Pain
Authors: Farrow Patrick , Rowland Kevin 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Our objective was to establish a novel, unbiased metric of inflammatory, orofacial pain.

Method:
Rats were placed individually into cages equipped with running wheels, and allowed an acclimation period of 17 days. Diurnal and nocturnal voluntary running behaviors were recorded. After day 17, rats were deeply anesthetized and divided into mustard oil, vehicle (mineral oil) and drug (ibuprofen) groups. Injections of mustard oil or mineral oil were made into the vestibule superior to the maxillary molar. Running wheel behavior was recorded for three days following the procedure.

Results:
After acclimation, the average percentage of running behavior that occurred at night was 94% +/-1% SE. Mustard oil injections caused externally observable, unilateral inflammation. On average, mustard oil injections significantly reduced nocturnal running on the first and second nocturnal periods post-injection. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, ibuprofen, significantly improved running behavior during the second nocturnal period, which was abolished when removed during the third nocturnal period.

Conclusions:
We conclude that unilateral injections of algogens in the vestibule coupled with analysis of nocturnal running behavior is an effective method to measure acute inflammatory pain for three days that mirrors many painful clinical situations. The model could be used as inexpensive, quantitative method to evaluate putative pain relieving therapeutics.
PENGARUH LAMA MASSAGE DAN LAMA MILK FLOW RATE TERHADAP LAJU PANCARAN PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN DI PT GREENFIELDS INDONESIA
Authors: Surjowardojo Puguh , Trisunuwati Pratiwi , Khikma Suratul 
Published: July 2017

Produksi susu sapi perah dipengaruhi oleh manajemen pemerahan. Lama massage dan milk flow rate merupakan bagian dari manajemen pemerahan yang dapat mempengaruhi laju pancaran produksi susu sapi perah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari sampai April 2016 di PT Greenfields Indonesia.Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui adanya pengaruh interaksi lama massage dan lama milk flow rate yang berbeda pada sapi FH (Friesian Holstein) terhadap laju pancaran produksi susu. Materi penelitian menggunakan sapi FH periode laktasi sebanyak 64 ekor dengan bulan laktasi 3.Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen yang dilakukan 8 pengulangan.Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola Faktorial, dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam/Analysis of Variant (ANOVA), dan apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata maka untuk mengetahui perlakuan yang optimal menggunakan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi lama massagedenganlama milk flow rate yaitu memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap laju pancaran produksi susu.Â Perlakuan terbaik yaitu pada perlakuan M4 MFR2 (lama massage 4 detik dengan lama milk flow rate 60-120 detik) dengan rata-rata laju pancaran produksi susu 9,64Â±0,38liter/ekor/milk flow rate. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh yang nyata interaksi lama massage, lama milk flow rate terhadap laju pancaran produksi susu. Berdasarkan dari hasil rata-rata laju pancaran produksi susu pada perlakuan dapat diketahui bahwa semakin lama waktu massage dan lama milk flow rate akan meningkatkan laju pancaran produksi susu.Â Kata kunci: lama massage, milk flow rate, laju pancaran produksiÂ susu dan sapi perah FH.
THE ROLE OF LEAF WATER CLOVER (Marsilia crenata) SQUEEZE TOWARDS ESTROGEN BLOOD LEVEL AND UTERINE HISTOLOGY IN RATS (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Trisunuwati Pratiwi 
Published: July 2017

Water clover (Marsilea crenata) is contained with isoflavones, shown to mimic the role of the female hormone estrogen. Isoflavones binding to estrogen receptors that produce beneficial effects. However, research on the optimal dose of water clover use is still not much studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of leaf squeeze water cloverÂ towards estrogen and how affect the histology of uterine. This study used 30 female Wistar Rats (Ratus norvegicus) divided into six groups. P1 as a negative control group, P2 as a positive control group. P4, P5 and P6 were given squeeze water cloverleaf Â concentrations given as follow (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%). The results was analized with one way ANOVA showed significant (p< 0.05) between groups, among Â group P3, P4, P5 and P6 increase the blood Â estrogen mostly Â higher than the negative control (P1) and a positive control (P2). Histological features of the uterus in the positive control group showed endometrial lining thicker than the negative control group. Histology of the uterus in the treatment group P4, P5 and P6 are also seen endometrium thickening as in group P3. This research has proved that water clover extract consumption show a promising supporting phytoestrogen hormone theraphy in the future both in animal and human. However there was needed a much futher research in order to found a proper dose for as a prospective pytotherapy.Â Keyword: Water Clover (Marsilia crenata), estrogen, uterine histology
Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Discharged Home from an Emergency Department with AKI
Authors: Acedillo Rey R. , Wald Ron , McArthur Eric , Nash Danielle Marie , Silver Samuel A. , James Matthew T. , Schull Michael J. , Siew Edward D. , Matheny Michael E. , House Andrew A. , Garg Amit X. 
Published: July 2017

Background and objectives
Patients discharged home from an emergency department with AKI are not well described. This study describes their characteristics and outcomes and compares these outcomes to two referent groups.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada from 2003 to 2012 of 6346 patients aged ≥40 years who were discharged from the emergency department with AKI (defined using serum creatinine values). We analyzed the risk of all-cause mortality, receipt of acute dialysis, and hospitalization within 30 days after discharge. We used propensity score methods to compare all-cause mortality to two referent groups. We matched 4379 discharged patients to 4379 patients who were hospitalized from the emergency department with similar AKI stage. We also matched 6188 discharged patients to 6188 patients who were discharged home from the emergency department with no AKI.

Results
There were 6346 emergency department discharges with AKI. The mean age was 69 years and 6012 (95%) had stage 1, 290 (5%) had stage 2, and 44 (0.7%) had stage 3 AKI. Within 30 days, 149 (2%) (AKI stage 1: 127 [2%]; stage 2: 15 [5%]; stage 3: seven [16%]) died, 22 (0.3%) received acute dialysis, and 1032 (16%) were hospitalized. An emergency department discharge versus hospitalization with AKI was associated with lower mortality (3% versus 12%; relative risk, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.2 to 0.3). An emergency department discharge with AKI versus no AKI was associated with higher mortality (2% versus 1%; relative risk, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.0).

Conclusions
Patients discharged home from the emergency department with AKI are at risk of poor 30-day outcomes. A better understanding of care in this at-risk population is warranted, as are testing strategies to improve care.
Uso de animales en la cuenca del Vilcanota, Cusco (Perú)
Authors: Venero José Luis 
Published: July 2017

En el presente ensayo se dan a conocer los usos más tradicionales que los pobladores andinos de la cuenca del Vilcanota han dado a la fauna en el pasado y que aún persisten en la actualidad. La fauna, en general, es uno de los recursos usados por los pobladores para satisfacer los requerimientos de su vida diaria, dentro de lo que ellos consideran sus necesidades básicas. En este trabajo, esta utilidad está enfocada principalmente hacia los aspectos alimenticios, de vestuario, medicinal y ornamental, así como de “otros usos”, tratando de agrupar a las especies animales, de acuerdo a los grupos taxonómicos establecidos.ABSTRACT The traditional past and current uses of fauna between the andean people of Vilcanota’s basin is presented in the essay. In general the fauna is one of the more used resources for the people relating to their daily life basic requirements. In this work this use is principally oriented towards the nutritional, clothing, medicinal, ornamental and “other uses” utility, trying to clustering animals species according to the established taxonomics groups.
Pastores del Sur Andino. Percepción y representación del ambiente
Authors: Romo Marty Marcela Edith 
Published: July 2017

La presente investigación, realizada en la localidad de Ollagüe (II Región), tiene como objetivo describir la forma en que los pastores que allí habitan perciben su medio ambiente. Por medio de un estudio de casos en el que se combinan los métodos tradicionales de la antropología (observación participante y entrevista en profundidad), y técnicas específicas para el estudio de la percepción, se intenta una aproximación a este fenómeno, a través del análisis de los elementos de su etnogeografía, etnozoología y etnobotánica. Esta percepción es el resultado de proceso intelectual y filosófico milenario, que lleva a cada cultura a construir su propio modelo de la naturaleza, mediante el cual la estructura organiza y valora lo que en el plano de la acción orienta las formas de apropiación y utilización del entorno. En cuanto a los resultados, cabe destacar el conocimiento pormenorizado y exhaustivo de los componentes de su medio que poseen estos pastores andinos. Conocimiento que va unido a una percepción que puede ser calificada como “ecológica”, ya que todos los elementos de su medio son respetados porque “están vivos” (montañas, ríos, plantas, animales), y en una permanente y natural interacción, integrando al hombre como uno más de ellos. ABSTRACT This investigation accomplished at the Ollagüe locality (II Región), has as objective to describe the way by which shepherds that there inhabit perceive their environment. Through a study of cases in which combine the traditional methods of the anthropology (participating observation and interview), and specific techniques for the perception study, is attempted an approximation to this phenomenon, through analysis of the elements of their ethnogeography, ethnozoology and ethnobotany. This perception is the result of a intellectual and philosophical millenary process, that carries to each culture to build his own natural model through which structure, organizes and values what in the plan of the action guides forms of appropriation and utilization of the environment. Concerning the results fits to emphasize the exhaustive and itemized knowledge of the components of mean that has these Andean shepherds. Knowledge that is going united to a perception that it can be qualified of “ecological”, all the elements of their environment are respected since are live (mountains, rivers, plants, animals), and in a permanent and natural interaction, integrating to the human beings as one more of them.
¿La voz de los sin voz? Análisis crítico de la producción e interpretación de testimonios en las ciencias sociales
Authors: Vergara del Solar Jorge Iván 
Published: July 2017

El artículo analiza las condiciones de validez del testimonio en ciencias sociales. Sus potencialidades centrales son el constituir un campo de exploración e investigación de acercamiento a la subjetividad, especialmente a la de los sectores populares. Ello ha permitido incorporar sus discursos y representaciones en las ciencias sociales. Sin embargo, dicha incorporación se ha realizado bajo una perspectiva empirista, según la cual el testimonio es una representación inmediata, directa de los sujetos, lo que oculta la mediación del testimonio a través del cientista social, particularmente mediante la entrevista. Por ende, la idea del testimonio como una “voz de los sin voz” oculta el diálogo entre investigador-sujetos, que podría ser potenciado en un tipo de investigación hermeneútica en la que el investigador ya no ostentaría el monopolio de la interpretación. AbstractThis article analises the validity conditions of “testimony” as a methodological tool in the social sciences. The principal advantage of testimony is that it enables the construction of research and analysis of subjectivity, particularly with popular sectors. This has facilitated the incorporation of their discourses and representations into the social sciences. Not with standing, this incorporation has occurred with in a highly empiricist perspective, whereby testimony is an immediate representation of the individual. The mediation of the social scientist, which is particularly significant in interviews, remains hidden. The concept of testimony, therefore, as the “voice o f the voiceless” disguises the dialogue between the researcher and the individual. This dialogue could be further developed as an instrument o f hermeneutical research, whereby the researcher no longer monopolises interpretations.
Development and Measurement of 5 kN &micro;-Forming Machine
Authors: Mahmudah Aida 
Published: July 2017

The need of micro part become increasingly popular which make increase of the need of prodution technology with high accuracy, productivity, efficiency, and reliability.Metal forming technology offers the solution to answer the challenge. High produtivity, zero material losses, good mechanical properties of product, and tight tolerance is able to achieve by micro forming technology. This thing make metal-forming fit for mass production based on near net shape technology concept it offered.Miniaturized effect phenomena which was not simple on micro-scale manufacturing process, demand high accuracy level from all aspect of micro-manufacturing process, which are material, tool, machinery and process. Therefore, characteristic of micro-forming machine become important in defining reliability of micro-forming system. Micro-forming machine under investigation was 5 kN m-Forming Machine developed in Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia. Modification to the machine made changes on machine characteristic. Therefore, it need characterization of the machine by measuring its geometric measurement and linear movement. The research revealed that deviation caused by imperfection of geometry of assembled machine component shown good results. Testing of linear movement of machine in one cycle show the range of deviation was 0.024 mm with smallest deviation was -0.0135 mm while the biggest one was 0.0105 mm. The value of deviation was below etimated value which estimated from mathematical analisys of backlash. The results of machine linear movement also gave reccomendation of effective path of 5 kN m-Forming Machine, which is on path along 30 mm to 40 mm, from point A which had been decided before.
Global Warming Mitigation through the Local Action of Environmental Education in the Plantation Area of Palm Oil
Authors: Rushayati Siti Badriyah , Hermawan Rachmad , Meilani Resti 
Published: July 2017

Oil palm is a strategic mainstay product with a crucial role in the national economy, and it can also be carbon sink to mitigate the negative impact of global warming when managed in environmentally friendly manner. Therefore, management and surrounding community need to have an understanding of the environment, and pro-environmental attitude and behaviour. Action research, which aimed at mitigating global warming through the local action of environmental education (EE), was conducted toward oil palm plantation employee and surrounding community. The EE programme was expected to be able to shape understanding and pro-environmental attitude and behaviour in the target group. Rapid observation and interview were carried out in collecting data for EE programme development. A needs assessment was conducted in developing the EE subject; based on local environmental problems and gap of target group’s perception of the problems. Global warming-related environmental problems found in the location included air temperature increase, drought and difficulty in determining planting season. Spatial analysis based on 1989 and 2014 satellite imagery showed a decrease of the water body, tree vegetated land and open areas, and an increase in non-tree vegetated land and built land, accompanied by an increase in areas with higher temperature range. Both employees and the community had a good knowledge of the environment, but less in conservation. The environmental education provided for them had been able to increase their perception on environmental conservation. However, repetition and intensive assistance are still needed to strengthen the perception
Single phase shunt active filter with digital control
Authors: J. G. Pinto  , Pedro Neves  , Ricardo Pregitzer  , Luís F. C. Monteiro  , João L. Afonso  
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a single-phase shunt active filter designed to minimize problems related to power quality in electrical systems. The power stage of the active filter is based on a two-leg full-bridge inverter, with a single capacitor in the dc side, and a filter inductor in the ac side. The control system is based on the instantaneous power theory in the α-β-0reference frame (pq-theory), derived to be applied in single-phase systems. In essence, the shunt active filter is designed to drain, from the electric grid, harmonic and reactive components of the load currents, such that the system current will become, basically, a sinusoidal waveform, with low harmonic distortion, and in phase with the system voltage. Simulation results of the shunt active filter operating with three different loads are presented in order to verify its performance.