bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nomogram and heat map based on LASSO‐Cox regression for predicting the risk of early‐stage severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients developing into critical illness at 7‐day and 14‐day
Authors: Tong Hanwen , Wang Jun , Zhu Naisheng , Li Haopeng , Zhai Yu , Shao Binxia , Li Huiying , Xia Peng , Jiang Yunfei , Jiang Chenxiao , Liu Yun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) represents an emerging infectious disease characterized by a substantial mortality risk. Early identification of patients is crucial for effective risk assessment and timely interventions. In the present study, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)‐Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify key risk factors associated with progression to critical illness at 7‐day and 14‐day. A nomogram was constructed and subsequently assessed for its predictive accuracy through evaluation and validation processes. The risk stratification of patients was performed using X‐tile software. The performance of this risk stratification system was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Additionally, a heat map was generated to visualize the results of these analyses. A total of 262 SFTS patients were included in this study, and four predictive factors were included in the nomogram, namely viral copies, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and neurological symptoms. The AUCs for 7‐day and 14‐day were 0.802 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.707–0.897] and 0.859 (95% CI: 0.794–0.925), respectively. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination among low, moderate, and high‐risk groups. The heat map effectively illustrated the relationships between risk groups and predictive factors, providing valuable insights with high predictive and practical significance.
Ensemble forecasting of Indian Ocean Dipole events generated by conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation method
Authors: Feng Rong , Duan Wansuo , Hu Lei , Liu Ting 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, we applied the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method to generate nonlinear fast‐growing initial perturbations for ensemble forecasting, aiming to assess the effectiveness of the CNOP method in improving the forecast skill of climate events. Our findings reveal a significant improvement in the forecast skill of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) within the CNOP ensemble forecast, particularly at long lead times, thereby extending the skilful forecast lead times. Notably, this improvement is more prominent for strong IOD events, with skilful forecast lead times exceeding 12 months, outperforming many current state‐of‐the‐art coupled models. The high forecast skill of the CNOP method is primarily attributed to its ability to capture the uncertainties in the wind anomaly field in the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) closely associated with IOD evolution. Consequently, CNOP ensemble members exhibit significant deviations from the control forecast, resulting in a large ensemble spread encompassing IOD evolution. Furthermore, a comparison with the climate‐relevant singular vectors (CSV) method in terms of IOD and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictions reveals the superior performance of the CNOP ensemble forecast. Despite the initial perturbations for ensemble forecasting being generated aimed at improving IOD forecast skill, the CNOP method significantly improves the forecast skill of both IOD and ENSO events, with a greater improvement for ENSO. Additionally, the CNOP ensemble forecast system provides more reliable estimates of forecast uncertainties and exhibits higher reliability with increasing lead times. In conclusion, the CNOP method effectively captures the nonlinear physical processes of climate events and improve the forecast skill.
Three‐dimensional evaluation framework of hazard–exposure–vulnerability for mapping heatwave risk and associated dominant dimensions in China
Authors: Liu Jinping , Zhang Tongchang , Ren Yanqun , Willems Patrick , Mirchi Ali , Arshad Arfan , Liu Tie , Pham Quoc Bao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the context of global warming, the frequency, intensity, and duration of heatwave events have markedly increased, bearing profound implications for both natural ecosystems and human societies. To effectively cope with this challenge, it is imperative to accurately identify and comprehensively assess the risks posed by heatwaves. This study undertakes a systematic approach and robust methodology to assess heatwave risks by leveraging a diverse array of data sources—encompassing remote sensing, statistical analyses. The methodology integrates the risk triangle theory alongside established risk assessment frameworks laid out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Employing a three‐dimensional evaluation framework encompassing hazard, exposure, and vulnerability, we unravel spatial–temporal patterns, high‐risk zones, and dominant dimensions of heatwave risks contributing to potential disasters. Results indicated that during 1999–2008, roughly 27% of the study areas were affected by high and above risk levels of heatwaves, and the areas with high and very high hazard, exposure, and vulnerability accounted for approximately 19.5%, 10%, and 32.5%, respectively. During 2009–2018, the proportion of areas with high and very high risk, hazard, and exposure increased to about 31%, 26%, and 14%, respectively, while the percentage of areas with high and very high vulnerability decreased to about 24.43%. Notably, Xinjiang and the western part of Northwestern China are characterized by hazard‐dominant conditions, while Southern China's risk profile has shifted from 1999–2008 to 2009–2018 from high hazard and vulnerability conditions to a more complex interaction involving hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Moreover, Northern China and the northern segment of Southwestern China exhibit simultaneous high‐risk rankings across hazard, exposure, and vulnerability dimensions, forming a comprehensive high‐risk zone. These findings characterize heatwave risk patterns and offer critical insights for risk management decisions, guiding effective disaster prevention and relief measures to ensure socio‐economic stability and public health.
Effects of parenteral nutrition supplemented with beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate on gut‐associated lymphoid tissue and morphology in mice
Authors: Takayama Haruka , Fukatsu Kazuhiko , Noguchi Midori , Takahashi Kazuya , Watkins Ayako , Matsumoto Nana , Narita Tomonori , Murakoshi Satoshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundParenteral nutrition (PN) without enteral nutrition (EN) leads to marked atrophy of gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), causing mucosal defense failure in both the gut and the extraintestinal mucosal system. We evaluated the effects of beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate (HMB) on GALT and gut morphology in PN‐fed mice.MethodsExperiment 1: male Institute of Cancer Research mice were assigned to the Chow (n = 12), Control (standard PN: n = 10), or H600 and H2000 (PN containing 600 mg/kg or H2000 mg/kg body weight of Ca‐HMB: n = 12 and 10, respectively) groups. After 5 days of dietary manipulation, all mice were killed and the whole small intestine was harvested. GALT lymphocyte cell numbers and phenotypes of Peyer patch (PP), intraepithelial space, and lamina propria lymphocytes were evaluated. Experiment 2: 47 mice (Chow: n = 12; Control: n = 14; H600: n = 11; and H2000: n = 10) were fed for 5 days as in experiment 1. Proliferation and apoptosis of gut immune cells and mucosa, and protein expressions (mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR], caspase‐3, and Bcl2) were evaluated in the small intestine.ResultsCompared with the Controls, the Chow and HMB groups showed significantly higher PP cell numbers, prevented gut mucosal atrophy, inhibited apoptosis of gut cells, and increased their proliferation in association with increased mTOR activity and Bcl2 expression.ConclusionHMB‐supplemented PN is a potentially novel method of preserving GALT mass and gut morphology in the absence of EN.
Exogenous supply of potassium decreases the phytotoxicity of heat and salt stress in quinoa by ameliorating physiological and oxidative stress responses
Authors: Alzahrani Yahya M. , Abbas Ghulam , Ullah Usama Samee , Afzal Saira , Alharby Hesham F. , Alsamadany Hameed , Abdulmajeed Awatif M. , Alharbi Basmah M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSoil salinity and heat stress are serious threats to crop production around the globe due to climate change. Potassium (K) has well‐established role in plants under salinity stress; however, its effectiveness under the combined stress of salinity and heat is not well known.AimsThe current study was planned to explore the role of K on growth, physiological, and oxidative stress responses of two varieties of quinoa (Puno and Vikinga) exposed to salinity and heat stress.MethodsQuinoa plants were exposed to NaCl treatments (0, 200 mM). Additionally, plants were either kept under ambient temperature (32/12°C day/night) or 5°C high temperatures and supplemented with 0 and/or 10 mM K.ResultsThe combined stress of salinity and heat resulted in drastic decrease in plant growth (≈50% for Puno and 60% for Vikinga), pigment contents, and stomatal conductance of both varieties. Heat stress magnified the accumulation of sodium (Na) under salt stress that limited the uptake of K in both varieties. Under the combined treatment of salinity and heat, the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were 8‐ and 9‐fold, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were 11‐ and 13‐fold higher in Puno and Vikinga, respectively. The K supplementation enhanced plant growth, stomatal conductance, pigments, and K contents and decreased the accumulation of Na in both varieties facing salt and heat stress. Additionally, K also helped the plants to overcome the oxidative stress and resulted in 17.5‐, 19‐, and 14‐fold higher activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase in Puno and 14‐, 15‐, and 12‐fold higher activities of these enzymes in Vikinga.ConclusionsDue to better growth, ionic homeostasis, and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, Puno is regarded as a more tolerant variety than Vikinga against the combined stress of salinity and heat. Moreover, the external supply of K is very promising for quinoa facing the dual stress of salinity and heat under the changing climatic conditions.
Using pollen in turbidites for vegetation reconstructions
Authors: McDonald Laura S. , Strachan Lorna J. , Holt Katherine , McArthur Adam D. , Barnes Philip M. , Maier Katherine L. , Orpin Alan R. , Horrocks Mark , Ganguly Aratrika , Hopkins Jenni L. , Bostock Helen C. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTurbidites, deposited by sub‐aqueous gravity flows, are common in sedimentary archives worldwide and present a unique challenge and opportunity when reconstructing past vegetation through pollen analysis. When sampling pollen from a sediment core for palaeovegetation records, it is common practice to target background sediments (i.e. pelagic sediment) and avoid sampling turbidites, as they are presumed to portray a misleading picture of past vegetation. This assumption stems from our limited understanding of pollen abundance and distribution through turbidites, meaning that palynologists overlook deposits that could potentially be used to reconstruct past vegetation and climate. We present pollen assemblage and sedimentological data from four recent (<150 years) deep marine turbidite deposits from the Hikurangi Subduction Margin, Aotearoa‐New Zealand, with the aim of understanding the abundance and distribution of pollen in fine‐grained turbidites. We find that pollen is diluted in the bases of turbidites, but despite this dilution, the proportions of different pollen taxa remain consistent through each turbidite. These results confirm that pollen can be sampled from turbidites for palaeovegetation reconstructions and that sampling the fine‐grained upper parts of turbidites will provide the best pollen recovery.
Shackles of hometown identity—CEO's hometown identity and strategic change
Authors: Deng Haoran , Han Jiayuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of CEO hometown identity on strategic change of Chinese firms. The contribution of this research lies in examining how hometown identity shackles strategic change decisions. We propose that CEOs with strong ties to their local community may exhibit caution and initiate fewer strategic changes due to their concerns about maintaining in‐group reputation. However, we argue that the negative effect of hometown identity on strategic change can be mitigated by the presence of institutional investors and slack resources. To empirically test our hypotheses, we analyze a sample of publicly listed Chinese firms spanning the period from 2008 to 2019. Our results provide robust evidence supporting our hypotheses. We employ various statistical models, including propensity score matching, instrumental variables regression, and generalized estimating equations, to ensure the reliability and validity of our findings.
Intellectual capital, borrowers' default risk, and digitalization: Allies or adversaries?
Authors: Khanchel Imen , Lassoued Naima , Hamed Selima 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effect of intellectual capital (IC) on borrowers' default risk, both directly and indirectly, through digitalization in MENA banks. The findings show a negative relationship between IC and borrowers' default risk. Moreover, digitalization partially mediates this relationship. Specifically, the human and structural components of IC reduce borrowers' default risk, whereas the relational capital component increases it. However, the capital employed component shows no significant effect on default risk. A partial mediation effect is observed for the human and structural components, while a complete mediation effect is identified for the relational component. The results reaffirm the direct relationship between IC and default risk for Conventional and Islamic banks. However, the indirect relationship, mediated by digitalization, is evident only for conventional banks.
Qingqianliutianosides A–E: five new sweet dammarane triterpenoid glycosides derived from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus – identification, characterization and interactions with T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptors
Authors: Guo Tingsi , Yang Yong , Liang Ling , Huang Qin , Hu Qiqi , Xie Qingling , Yuan Hanwen , Chen Guangyu , Wang Wei , Jian Yuqing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyclocarya paliurus, as a new food resource, is utilized extensively in human and animal diets due to its bioactive compounds, health benefits, and its highly prized sweet flavor. This study aimed to investigate the sweet‐taste ingredient of C. paliurus leaves.RESULTSFive new dammarane triterpenoid glycosides were isolated and identified as qingqianliutianosides A–E (1–5) by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis and a single crystal X‐ray diffraction experiment. Qingqianliutianoside A (1) and qingqianliutianoside C (3), present in relatively high quantities in the plant, were shown to exhibit sweetness by sensory evaluation and electronic tongue analysis. Further monitoring was conducted on the content changes in 3 in leaves at different growth stages, indicating that 3 reached its peak content in April and then showed a decreasing trend. Molecular docking studies revealed that T1R2/T1R3 receptors Ser212, Ser105, Thr239, Asn380, Thr305, and Val381 may play critical roles, demonstrating that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were the dominant interaction forces between all of the identified compounds and the active sites in the Venus flytrap module of the T1R2/T1R3 receptors.CONCLUSIONQingqianliutianosides A–E are promising natural source sugar substitutes for use in functional foods and beverages. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chemical, structural and antioxidant properties of melanoidins in fish sauce
Authors: Zhu Wenhui , Wang Wenxuan , Liu Yingnan , Bu Ying , Li Jianrong , Li Xuepeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMelanoidins, as a functional component, exhibit antioxidant properties. However, the antioxidant mechanism of melanoidins in fish sauce remains poorly understood. The present study focused on the structural characteristics, microstructure and antioxidant activity of melanoidin substances in fish sauce.RESULTSUltrafiltration and color difference analysis were utilized to confirm the main molecular weight composition of melanoidins. The ultrafiltration component > 10 kDa in fish sauce exhibited the darkest and reddest color, along with the highest content of melanoidins (699.5 mg g−1). The spectral characteristics were consistent with typical melanoidins. Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed that the melanoidins contained a significant number of oxygen‐containing groups, amino compounds, carbohydrates, aromatic compounds and carbonyl compounds (CO), pyrrole (CN), among others. In total, 129 alkanes, 71 esters, nine olefins and two alkynes were identified. The melanoidins (> 10 kDa component) had the strongest antioxidant activity, including a reducing power of 0.8, 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity of 67.7% and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of 92.4%. Additionally, the melanoidins (> 10 kDa component) had the highest total phenolic content at 48.2 μg gallic acid equivalents mL−1.CONCLUSIONMelanoidins are important factors affecting the antioxidant activity of fish sauce. There were differences in the structural properties of melanoidin fractions with different molecular weights. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Younger age, longer delay to surgery and meniscal tears are associated with a smaller ACL remnant: An analysis from the registry of the Francophone Arthroscopic Society
Authors: Tanel Luca , Fayard Jean‐Marie , Mouton Caroline , Lambrey Pierre‐Jean , Letartre Romain , Graveleau Nicolas , Bouguennec Nicolas , Barth Johannes ,   The Francophone Society of Arthroscopy ACL Registry Study Group, Thaunat Mathieu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate which preoperative patient, injury or clinical factors were associated with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) remnant volume in patients undergoing ACL surgery. It was hypothesized that the main factors determining an insufficient ACL remnant volume at the time of surgery were younger age and longer time to surgery.MethodsA retrospective analysis from the Francophone Arthroscopic Society's registry was conducted, including 1565 patients with an ACL lesion underdoing a primary ACL surgery (reconstruction or repair) between June 2020 and June 2023. Patients were excluded in case of revision surgery and incomplete data. Preoperative factors—including patient demographics, delay to surgery, preoperative laxity and the presence of meniscal tears or cartilage lesions—were analysed to determine their influence on ACL remnant volume (estimated by the surgeon as the percentage of residual volume). Univariate, multivariate and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to explore these relationships.ResultsMultivariate analyses demonstrated that younger age (<20 years and 20–30 years compared to ≥40, p = 0.02), higher time from injury to surgery (≥12 months compared to <3 months, p = 0.01) and the presence of a medial (p = 0.01) or a lateral meniscal tear (p = 0.02) were significant predictors of an ACL remnant volume ≤ 50%.ConclusionsYounger age (under 30 years of age), a time from injury to surgery above 12 months and the presence of medial and lateral meniscal tears are associated with higher odds of observing a smaller ACL remnant volume at the time of the ACL surgery. These factors should be considered when planning ACL remnant preservation techniques.Level of evidenceLevel III.
Cell‐based therapies have disease‐modifying effects on osteoarthritis in animal models: A systematic review by the ESSKA Orthobiologic Initiative. Part 3: Umbilical cord, placenta, and other sources for cell‐based injectable therapies
Authors: Sourugeon Yosef , Boffa Angelo , Perucca Orfei Carlotta , de Girolamo Laura , Magalon Jeremy , Sánchez Mikel , Tischer Thomas , Filardo Giuseppe , Laver Lior 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThis systematic review aimed to investigate in animal models the presence of disease‐modifying effects driven by non‐bone marrow‐derived and non‐adipose‐derived products, with a particular focus on umbilical cord and placenta‐derived cell‐based therapies for the intra‐articular injective treatment of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA systematic review was performed on three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Embase) according to PRISMA guidelines. The results were synthesised to investigate disease‐modifying effects in preclinical animal studies comparing injectable umbilical cord, placenta, and other sources‐derived products with OA controls. The risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE tool.ResultsA total of 80 studies were included (2314 animals). Cell therapies were most commonly obtained from the umbilical cord in 33 studies and placenta/amniotic tissue in 18. Cell products were xenogeneic in 61 studies and allogeneic in the remaining 19 studies. Overall, 25/27 (92.6%) of studies on umbilical cord‐derived products documented better results compared to OA controls in at least one of the following outcomes: macroscopic, histological and/or immunohistochemical findings, with 19/22 of studies (83.4%) show positive results at the cartilage level and 4/6 of studies (66.7%) at the synovial level. Placenta‐derived injectable products documented positive results in 13/16 (81.3%) of the studies, 12/15 (80.0%) at the cartilage level, and 2/4 (50.0%) at the synovial level, but 2/16 studies (12.5%) found overall worse results than OA controls. Other sources (embryonic, synovial, peripheral blood, dental pulp, cartilage, meniscus and muscle‐derived products) were investigated in fewer preclinical studies. The risk of bias was low in 42% of items, unclear in 49%, and high in 9% of items.ConclusionInterest in cell‐based injectable therapies for OA treatment is soaring, particularly for alternatives to bone marrow and adipose tissue. While expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells reported auspicious disease‐modifying effects in preventing OA progression in animal models, placenta/amniotic tissue also reported deleterious effects on OA joints. Lower evidence has been found for other cellular sources such as embryonic, synovial, peripheral blood, dental‐pulp, cartilage, meniscus, and muscle‐derived products.Level of EvidenceLevel II.