bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal muscular atrophy in an upper-middle-income nation before the advent of reimbursed disease-modifying therapies
Authors: Sakpichaisakul Kullasate , Katanyuwong Kamornwan , Intusoma Utcharee , Paprad Tanitnun , Suwanpakdee Piradee , Khongkhatithum Chaiyos , Sanmaneechai Oranee 
Published: September 2024

Objective
To elucidate the clinical characteristics and standard of care (SoC) of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients in Thailand, focusing on primary endpoints: age at death and a composite of death or tracheostomy need.

Design
Retrospective observational study.

Setting
Seven tertiary centres across Thailand.

Patients
Records of 110 patients with genetically confirmed SMA, spanning 2012–2021.

Interventions
Historical data review; no active interventions.

Main outcome measures
Age at death and a composite measure of death or tracheostomy necessity.

Results
The cohort included 1 SMA0, 50 SMA1, 40 SMA2 and 19 SMA3 cases. Median ages at the onset and diagnosis of SMA1 were 3 and 6.2 months. Of SMA1 patients, 63% required ventilators, and eight received dimethyltryptamines (DMTs) at a median of 15 months (range 6.4–24.5 months). The median time from onset to DMT was 11 months (range 4.2–20.5 months). Among SMA1 patients, 73% died by the study’s end. SMA2 and SMA3 patients' median onset ages were 11 and 24 months, respectively, with diagnosis at 24.8 and 68.7 months. Half of all types received physical therapy.

Conclusions
Significant delays in diagnosis and SoC access, including DMTs, were observed, underscoring urgent needs for improved diagnostic and care strategies to enhance SMA patient outcomes in Thailand.
Quasi particle model vs lattice QCD thermodynamics: extension to $$N_f=2+1+1$$ flavors and momentum dependent quark masses
Authors: Sambataro Maria Lucia , Greco Vincenzo , Parisi Gabriele , Plumari Salvatore 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the last decade a quasi-particle model (QPM) has supplied the basis for the study of heavy quark (HQ) production in ultra-relativistic collisions, allowing for a phenomenological estimate of the HQ diffusion coefficient $$D_s(T)$$

D
s

(
T
)

. Using the new lattice QCD results for the equation of state (EoS) with 2+1+1 dynamical flavors, we extend the QPM from $$N_f=2+1$$

N
f

=
2
+
1

to $$N_f=2+1+1$$

N
f

=
2
+
1
+
1

, where the charm quark is included. Fixing the coupling g(T) by a fit to the lQCD energy density $$\epsilon (T)$$

ϵ
(
T
)

, we evaluate the impact of different temperature parametrizations of charm quark mass on EoS and susceptibilities $$\chi _q(T)$$

χ
q

(
T
)

of light, $$\chi _s(T)$$

χ
s

(
T
)

of strange and $$\chi _c(T)$$

χ
c

(
T
)

of charm quarks, the last favouring a charm quark mass increasing toward $$T_c$$

T
c

. We also explore the extension of the QPM to a more realistic approach called QPM$$_p$$

p

, where quark and gluon masses explicitly depend on their momentum converging to the current quark mass at high momenta, as expected from asymptotic free dynamics. The QPM$$_p$$

p

allows for a simultaneous quantitative description not only of the EoS but also of the quark susceptibilities ($$\chi _q(T)$$

χ
q

(
T
)

, $$\chi _s(T)$$

χ
s

(
T
)

), which instead are underestimated in the simple QPM. Furthermore, evaluating the spatial diffusion coefficient $$2\pi T D_s(T)$$

2
π
T

D
s

(
T
)

in the QPM$$_p$$

p

, we find it is also closer than QPM to the recent lQCD data performed including dynamical fermions. Finally, in a 1+1D expanding system, we evaluate the $$R_{AA}(p_T)$$

R

AA

(

p
T

)

in the QPM and QPM$$_p$$

p

, finding a significant reduction at low momenta for QPM$$_p$$

p

which could lead in a realistic scenario to a better agreement to experimental data.
Real particle physics analysis by UK secondary school students using the ATLAS Open Data: an illustration through a collection of original student research
Authors: Conroy Eimear , Barr Alan , Harris Ynyr , Kirk Julie , Olaiya Emmanuel , Phillips Richard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSince the 2020 release of $$10 \hbox { fb}^{-1}$$

10

fb

-
1

of integrated luminosity of proton–proton collision data to the public by the ATLAS experiment, significant potential for its use for youth engagement in physics and citizen science has been present. In particular, this article aims to address whether, if provided adequate training and resources, high school students are capable of leveraging the ATLAS Open Data to semi-autonomously develop their own original research projects. To this end, a repository of interactive Python Jupyter notebook training materials was developed, incrementally increasing in difficulty; in the initial instalments no prior knowledge of particle physics or Python coding is assumed, while in the latter stages students emulate the steps of a real Higgs boson search using ATLAS data. This programme was implemented in secondary schools throughout the UK during the 2022/23 academic year and is presented in this article through a collection of research projects developed by a selection of participating students.
Understanding Silent Data Corruption in Processors for Mitigating its Effects
Authors: Wang Shaobu , Zhang Guangyan , Wei Junyu , Wang Yang , Wu Jiesheng , Luo Qingchao 
Published: September 2024

Silent Data Corruption (SDC) in processors can lead to various application-level issues, such as incorrect calculations and even data loss. Since traditional techniques are not effective in detecting these errors, it is very hard to address problems caused by SDCs in processors. For the same reason, knowledge about these SDCs in the wild is limited.
In this article, we conduct an extensive study on CPU SDCs in a large production CPU population, encompassing over one million processors. In addition to collecting overall statistics, we perform a detailed study to understand (1) whether certain processor features are particularly vulnerable and their potential impacts on applications; (2) the reproducibility of CPU SDCs and the triggering conditions (e.g., temperature) of those less reproducible SDCs; and (3) the challenges to mitigate and handle CPU SDCs.
We further investigate the implications that our observations obtained from the above researches have on the SDC fault models, SDC mitigation strategies, and the future research fields. In addition, we design an efficient SDC mitigation approach called Farron, which uses prioritized testing to detect highly reproducible SDCs and temperature control to mitigate less-reproducible SDCs. Our experimental results indicate that Farron can achieve better coverage of CPU SDCs with lower overall overhead, compared to the baseline used in Alibaba Cloud. This demonstrates that our observations are able to assist in SDC mitigation.
An Empirical Investigation into an Economic Analysis of State Road Transport Undertakings in India
Authors: Singh Swapnil , Parihar Mahendra 
Published: September 2024

State Road Transport Undertakings have been the backbone of the transportation network in India since their inception. These corporations were set up to provide a sustainable and cheap mode of transport for citizens of India, along with providing connectivity to rural parts of the nation. Over the years, the financial and physical performance of most State Road Transport Undertakings has dropped significantly. The social goal, political influence and poor management have been some of the major factors contributing to the losses made by most of the State Road Transport Undertakings. We have conducted this study by considering eight State Road Transport Undertakings, which are loss and profit-making, to understand the factors responsible for improving the physical factors of these State Road Transport Undertakings. To undertake this objective, we used correlation analysis and feature importance analysis using random forest regressor. We have proposed some policy-based measures for each State Road Transport Undertaking analysed based on the results and analysis. JEL Codes: C12, I38, L32, L91, N35, O53, R41, R42
Patient Participant Perspectives on Implementation of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine: Results From the Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Implementation Study in European Locations (CARISEL) Study
Authors: Gutner Cassidy A. , van der Valk Marc , Portilla Joaquin , Jeanmaire Eliette , Belkhir Leïla , Lutz Thomas , DeMoor Rebecca , Trehan Rekha , Scherzer Jenny , Pascual-Bernáldez Miguel , Ait-Khaled Mounir , Hernandez Beatriz , de Ruiter Annemiek , Anand Savita Bakhshi , Low Emma L. , Hadi Monica , Barnes Nicola , Sevdalis Nick , Mohammed Perry , Czarnogorski Maggie 
Published: September 2024

Introduction CARISEL is an implementation–effectiveness “hybrid” study examining the perspectives of people living with HIV-1 (patient study participants [PSPs]) on cabotegravir (CAB) plus rilpivirine (RPV) long-acting (LA) dosed every 2 months (Q2M) across 5 European countries. Methods PSPs completed questionnaires on acceptability (Acceptability of Intervention Measure), appropriateness (Intervention Appropriateness Measure), and feasibility (Feasibility of Intervention Measure) at their first (Month [M] 1), third (M4), and seventh (M12) injection visits. Semistructured qualitative interviews were also conducted. Results Overall, 437 PSPs were enrolled, of whom 430 received treatment. Median (interquartile range) age was 44 (37-51) years, 25.3% (n = 109/430) were female (sex at birth), and 21.9% (n = 94/430) were persons of color. Across time points, PSPs found CAB + RPV LA highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible (mean scores ≥4.47/5). Qualitative data supported these observations. Conclusions PSPs found CAB + RPV LA Q2M to be an acceptable, appropriate, and feasible treatment option.
Examining the Role of Stress and Team Support in Decision Making under Uncertainty and Time Pressure
Authors: Younas Sana , Khanum Saeeda 
Published: September 2024

Background. Previous research has examined the individual effects of uncertainty, time pressure, perceived stress, and team support on decision making. However, scant research has investigated how team support and perceived stress collectively influence providers’ perception of decision conflict and satisfaction with decision. Objectives. The present study aims to fill this void by examining the potential mediating role of perceived stress and team support in the relationship between time pressure, uncertainty, decision satisfaction, and decision conflict. Methods. Obstetrics and gynecology (Obs and Gynae) physicians ( N = 347) working in tertiary care hospitals were approached through snowball and purposive convenient sampling. Self-reported data were collected in the form of questionnaires. Results. Structural equation modeling was used to uncover the complex linkages. Perceived stress was found to be a significant mediator between uncertainty and decision conflict ( b = −0.033, P < 0.05). In addition, team support was also found to be a significant mediator between uncertainty and decision satisfaction ( b = 0.082, P < 0.05) as well as between time pressure and decision satisfaction ( b = 0.086, P < 0.05). Conclusion. Team support acts as a bridge between uncertainty and decision satisfaction and also between time pressure and decision satisfaction, underscoring its critical role in provider perceptions of decision making in the Obs and Gynae context. Implications. This study highlights the significance of managing stress, enhancing team support, and giving priority to patient-centered care. These findings provide insights into risk and uncertainty management in medical decision making, advancing patient-centered care, and optimizing health care outcomes. Highlights Stressors in hospital settings such as the complexity and uncertainty of tasks create stress among physicians, potentially leading to decision conflicts. Team support plays a fundamental role in mitigating the negative effects of stressors such as time pressure and uncertainty. Implementing stress management and team support interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness may enhance decision making among Obs and Gynae physicians.
Ultrasonographic Effectiveness in Hypotensive Patients
Authors: Günaydın İsa , Kekeç Zeynep , Ay Mehmet Oğuzhan 
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of sonography in reducing morbidity and mortality among patients with shock, particularly in the emergency department (ED). By employing the “Rapid Ultrasound for Shock and Hypotension” (RUSH) protocol with ED patients, the aim was to assess its contribution to patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study spanned 2 years and was conducted in a university-based emergency department. Overall, 100 adult patients with blood pressure ≤90/60 mmHg and shock index >1 were enrolled. The RUSH protocol was followed for each patient. Results: The study comprised 35 females and 65 males, with a mean age of 57.12 ± 17.1 years. The RUSH assessment indicated that 50 patients had fluid volume indices below 1.5 cm, predominantly presenting with hypovolemic shock (55%). Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (E-FAST) examination revealed free abdominal fluid in 18% of the patients. Cardiogenic shock, including arrhythmia and heart failure, was diagnosed in 9 patients each. Nine patients experienced obstructive shock. Initial RUSH protocol diagnoses included hypovolemic shock ( n = 55), distributional shock ( n = 19), cardiogenic shock ( n = 8), obstructive shock ( n = 6), and complex shock ( n = 12). Conclusion: The RUSH protocol has emerged as an early, systematic, and practical method for assessing patients with hypotension and shock in the ED. It may also offer the potential to enhance patient management and outcomes.
Phosphodiesterase 4 is overexpressed in keloid epidermal scars and its inhibition reduces keratinocyte fibrotic alterations
Authors: Milara Javier , Ribera Pilar , Marín Severiano , Montero Paula , Roger Inés , Cortijo Julio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Epidermal remodeling and hypertrophy are hallmarks of skin fibrotic disorders, and keratinocyte to mesenchymal (EMT)-like transformations drive epidermis alteration in skin fibrosis such as keloids and hypertrophic scars (HTS). While phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have shown effectiveness in various fibrotic disorders, their role in skin fibrosis is not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the specific role of PDE4B in epidermal remodeling and hypertrophy seen in skin fibrosis.

Methods
In vitro experiments examined the effects of inhibiting PDE4A-D (with Roflumilast) or PDE4B (with siRNA) on TGFβ1-induced EMT differentiation and dedifferentiation in human 3D epidermis. In vivo studies investigated the impact of PDE4 inhibition on HOCl-induced skin fibrosis and epidermal hypertrophy in mice, employing both preventive and therapeutic approaches.

Results
The study found increased levels of PDE4B (mRNA, protein) in keloids > HTS compared to healthy epidermis, as well as in TGFβ-stimulated 3D epidermis. Keloids and HTS epidermis exhibited elevated levels of collagen Iα1, fibronectin, αSMA, N-cadherin, and NOX4 mRNA, along with decreased levels of E-cadherin and ZO-1, confirming an EMT process. Inhibition of both PDE4A-D and PDE4B prevented TGFβ1-induced Smad3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and mesenchymal differentiation in vitro. PDE4A-D inhibition also promoted mesenchymal dedifferentiation and reduced TGFβ1-induced ROS and keratinocyte senescence by rescuing PPM1A, a Smad3 phosphatase. In vivo, PDE4 inhibition mitigated HOCl-induced epidermal hypertrophy in mice in both preventive and therapeutic settings.

Conclusions
Overall, the study supports the potential of PDE4 inhibitors, particularly PDE4B, in treating skin fibrosis, including keloids and HTS, shedding light on their functional role in this condition.
Tensor product algorithms for inference of contact network from epidemiological data
Authors: Dolgov Sergey , Savostyanov Dmitry 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe consider a problem of inferring contact network from nodal states observed during an epidemiological process. In a black-box Bayesian optimisation framework this problem reduces to a discrete likelihood optimisation over the set of possible networks. The cardinality of this set grows combinatorially with the number of network nodes, which makes this optimisation computationally challenging. For each network, its likelihood is the probability for the observed data to appear during the evolution of the epidemiological process on this network. This probability can be very small, particularly if the network is significantly different from the ground truth network, from which the observed data actually appear. A commonly used stochastic simulation algorithm struggles to recover rare events and hence to estimate small probabilities and likelihoods. In this paper we replace the stochastic simulation with solving the chemical master equation for the probabilities of all network states. Since this equation also suffers from the curse of dimensionality, we apply tensor train approximations to overcome it and enable fast and accurate computations. Numerical simulations demonstrate efficient black-box Bayesian inference of the network.
Medical visits and mortality among dementia patients during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to rates predicted from 2019
Authors: Ghosh Kaushik , Stewart Susan T. , Raghunathan Trivellore , Cutler David M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) were especially vulnerable, and modes of medical care delivery shifted rapidly. This study assessed the impact of the pandemic on care for people with ADRD, examining the use of primary, emergency, and long-term care, as well as deaths due to COVID and to other causes.

Methods
Among 4.2 million beneficiaries aged 66 and older with ADRD in traditional Medicare, monthly deaths and claims for routine care (doctors’ office and telehealth visits), inpatient/emergency department (ED) visits, and long-term care facility use from March or June 2020 through December 2022 are compared to monthly rates predicted from January–December 2019 using OLS and logistic/negative binomial regression. Correlation analyses examine the association between excess deaths — due to COVID and non-COVID causes — and changes in care use in the beneficiary’s state of residence.

Results
Increased telehealth visits more than offset reduced office visits, with primary care visits increasing overall (by 9 percent from June 2020 onward relative to the predicted rate from 2019, p < .001). Emergency/inpatient visits declined (by 9 percent, p < .001) and long-term care facility use declined, remaining 14% below the 2019 trend from June 2020 onward (p < .001). Both COVID and non-COVID deaths rose, with 231,000 excess deaths (16% above the prediction from 2019), over 80 percent of which were attributable to COVID. Excess deaths were higher among women, non-White patients, those in rural and isolated zip codes, and those with higher social deprivation index scores. States with the largest increases in primary care visits had the lowest excess deaths (correlation -0.49).

Conclusions
Older adults with ADRD had substantial deaths above pre-pandemic projections during the COVID-19 pandemic, 80 percent of which were attributed to COVID-19. Routine care increased overall due to a dramatic increase in telehealth visits, but this was uneven across states, and mortality rates were significantly lower in states with higher than pre-pandemic visits.
Interaction effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and regional deprivation on self-rated health: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jeon Hajae , Lee Junbok , Choi Mingee , Kim Bomgyeol , Lee Sang Gyu , Shin Jaeyong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Recent studies have attempted to analyze the changes in self-rated health (SRH) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the results have been inconsistent. Notably, SRH is subjective, and responses may vary across and within countries because of sociocultural differences. Thus, we aimed to examine whether the interaction effects between the COVID-19 pandemic and regional deprivation influenced SRH in South Korea.

Methods
The study population comprised 877,778 participants from the Korea Community Health Survey. The data were collected from 2018 to 2021. Multiple regression analysis was employed to determine the relationship between SRH and the interaction between the COVID-19 pandemic status and the socioeconomic level of residential areas.

Results
The post-pandemic groups (odds ratio [OR] = 2.25, P < .0001; OR = 2.29, P < .0001) had significantly higher odds of reporting favorable SRH than the pre-pandemic groups (OR = 0.96, P < .0001). However, the difference in ORs based on regional socioeconomic status was small.

Conclusions
SRH showed an overall increase in the post-pandemic groups relative to that in the disadvantaged pre-pandemic group. Possible reasons include changes in individuals’ health perceptions through social comparison and the effective implementation of COVID-19 containment measures in South Korea. This paradoxical phenomenon has been named the “Eye of the Hurricane,” as the vast majority of people who had not been infected by the virus may have viewed their health situation more favorably than they ordinarily would.
Clinician perspectives and recommendations regarding design of clinical prediction models for deteriorating patients in acute care
Authors: Blythe Robin , Naicker Sundresan , White Nicole , Donovan Raelene , Scott Ian A. , McKelliget Andrew , McPhail Steven M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Successful deployment of clinical prediction models for clinical deterioration relates not only to predictive performance but to integration into the decision making process. Models may demonstrate good discrimination and calibration, but fail to match the needs of practising acute care clinicians who receive, interpret, and act upon model outputs or alerts. We sought to understand how prediction models for clinical deterioration, also known as early warning scores (EWS), influence the decision-making of clinicians who regularly use them and elicit their perspectives on model design to guide future deterioration model development and implementation.

Methods
Nurses and doctors who regularly receive or respond to EWS alerts in two digital metropolitan hospitals were interviewed for up to one hour between February 2022 and March 2023 using semi-structured formats. We grouped interview data into sub-themes and then into general themes using reflexive thematic analysis. Themes were then mapped to a model of clinical decision making using deductive framework mapping to develop a set of practical recommendations for future deterioration model development and deployment.

Results
Fifteen nurses (n = 8) and doctors (n = 7) were interviewed for a mean duration of 42 min. Participants emphasised the importance of using predictive tools for supporting rather than supplanting critical thinking, avoiding over-protocolising care, incorporating important contextual information and focusing on how clinicians generate, test, and select diagnostic hypotheses when managing deteriorating patients. These themes were incorporated into a conceptual model which informed recommendations that clinical deterioration prediction models demonstrate transparency and interactivity, generate outputs tailored to the tasks and responsibilities of end-users, avoid priming clinicians with potential diagnoses before patients were physically assessed, and support the process of deciding upon subsequent management.

Conclusions
Prediction models for deteriorating inpatients may be more impactful if they are designed in accordance with the decision-making processes of acute care clinicians. Models should produce actionable outputs that assist with, rather than supplant, critical thinking.