bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El inicio del consumo de alcohol en jovenes costarricenses escolarizados: Características y perspectivas
Authors: Bejarano Orozco Julio 
Published: April 2017

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre el inicio del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes cursantes de los primeros tres años de la educación secundaria de la provincia de San José. La edad de inicio temprana es un tema relevante en la medida que tiene un potencial de explicar parcialmente el desarrollo de problemas debido a la bebida. Con este propósito se desarrolló una estrategia de recolección de datos, tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa, que permitió acercarse al problema. Los resultados sugieren una edad de inicio temprana en los jóvenes y las jóvenes estudiados, un nivel de prevalencia elevado, ausencia de diferencias según el sexo y hallazgos novedosos como la influencia de la educación de madre en la iniciación del joven en el consumo de alcohol.
Elementos para la consideración de una ética ambiental
Authors: Vargas C. Ronulfo 
Published: April 2017

Se examinan diversas posturas ideológicas, desde las cuales es posible articular discursos en torno a la ética ambiental. Se pondera la plausibilidad de algunas de estas posturas, en relación con la coherencia teórica y eficacia práctica de la ética, en cuanto análisis normativo de la acción con arreglo a la conservación y promoción de la vida.
“Mente y naturaleza” en el pensamiento filosófico de Schelling
Authors: Miranda Fonseca Héctor 
Published: April 2017

La relación entre la mente y el mundo exterior es un problema y un tema que ha sido importante para todos los pensadores desde que empieza la filosofía en Grecia. Todos lo han abordado, pero no de una manera sistemática. El presente artículo es un esfuerzo para explicar la relación antes dicha relación a través del punto de vista de un filósofo sistemático como Schelling.. Se sabe que a pesar de que Schellling intenta sistematizar esa relación, ésto no implica que este trabajo sea algo completo y terminado. La otra importancia de este articulo es que Schelling es uno de los pensadores más importantes, enseñó tanto en la Universidad Jena como en la de Berlin y fue amigo de Hegel. Sus ideas en relación con este problema es el centro de este artículo. Los ejemplos científicos que Schelling usa lógicamente dependen de la época histórica en la que él vivió; pero lo que interesa es su método, su concepción holística y su esfuerzo en el tema. Además, por el estudio bibliográfico que se realizó, este trabajo es el primer intento por introducir las ideas schellinguianas en nuestro país.
The Use of Technology in Distance Language Learning
Authors: Núñez Núñez Graciela 
Published: April 2017

Distance language learning is a real challenge to both teachers and learners, since the students’ exposure to the target language in a distance learning system is not as authentic and interactive as required. Additionally, it also entails a significant reduction in the amount of students’ interaction and in the support from both the teacher and other learners, which has a negative impact on students’ levels of motivation and achievement. In the hope of enhancing the distance teaching-learning process of a language and compensating for the previously mentioned drawbacks, a number of technological tools are currently being implemented. However, these technologies have also brought about new challenges that need to be addressed by policy makers, materials developers, teachers and students, if they are to be successfully implemented.
KAJIAN BIO-TEKNIK PEMANFAATAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN TENGGIRI DAN DISTRIBUSI PEMASARANNYA DI KABUPATEN BANGKA
Authors: Sobari Moch. Prihatna , Febrianto Arief 
Published: April 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi bangun, daerah, musim penangkapan ikan, produktivitas alat penangkapan ikan tenggiri, pemasaran hasil tangkapan serta menentukan pola pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan ekor kuning yang berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Bangka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif survei yang bersifat studi kasus (case study) dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive. Analisis data yang dilakukan mencakup analisis teknik dan bio-teknik. Analisis bio-teknik menggunakan pendekatan model CYP. Ikan tenggiri di perairan Kabupaten Bangka ditangkap dengan menggunakan alat tangkap gillnet dan pacing ulur. Jaring insang di Kabupaten Bangka termasuk dalam jaringi insang hanyut (drift gillnet) dan nelayan menyebut jaring ini dengan istilah jaring tenggiri. Kontruksi alat tangkap ini terdiri atas tali selambar, jaring, pelampung dan tali ris atas. Pancing ulur untuk penangkapan ikan tenggiri memiliki konstruksi yang terdiri atas reel (rooler), kili-kili (swivel), senar (line), pemberat (sinker) dan mata pancing (hook). Musim penangkapan ikan yang ada di Perairan Bangka pada bulan-bulan dimana terjadi musim ikan yaitu pada Bulan Maret, Mei dan Juni serta Agustus dan Oktober dengan IMP lebih dari 100%. Daerah penangkapan pemanfaatan fishing ground ikan tenggiri di Perairan Kabupaten Bangka yaitu pada jalur penangkapan 1 (pada perairan dari pantai sampai 6 mil). Pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan tenggiri secara sustainable dapat dilakukan dengan mengetahui rejim pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan tenggiri secara optimal dimana secara biologi diduga telah terjadi biological overfishing dengan effort aktual sebesar 798 trip lebih besar dari pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan tenggiri secara optimal sebesar 379 trip. Pemasaran lokal ikan tenggiri dilakukan oleh pedagang pengumpul dan pedagang pengecer dan selanjutnya dijual ke konsumen, sedangkan pemasaran ekspor dilakukan oleh perusahaan. Harga jual, margin pemasaran dan keuntungan yang diperoleh dengan saluran makin pendek dengan fisherman share yang sama akan memberikan share bagi pedagang dan perusahaan perikanan lebih besar
PENGUKURAN PRODUKTIVITAS PARSIAL DI PT. ANEKA CIPTA SEALINDO
Authors: Putri Renty Anugerah Mahaji 
Published: April 2017

PT. Aneka Cipta Sealindo (PT. ACS) merupakan perusahaan manufaktur yang memproduksi sealing system, kondisi saat ini adalah bahwa PT. ACS tidak melakukan evaluasi secara berkala atau continue dari kondisi produktivitasnya. Sehingga dirasa perlu untuk diketahui dalam mewaspadai kondisi saat ini serta dalam hal meningkatkan kemampu labaan perusahaan. Banyak hal yang dapat diketahui dan diukur dalam hal peningkatan performance perusahaan. Perusahaan dapat mempunyai bayangan kondisi actual saat ini dibandingkan dengan target perusahaan. Serta dapat memberikan masukkan, apa saja yang perlu diantisipasi perusahaan dalam meningkatkan produktivitasnya. Sehingga dalam mengetahui serta mengevaluasinya, dibuatlah sebuah pengukuran produtivitas dengan hasil Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja 34 pieces/orang/hari, Produktivitas Jam Kerja 18 pieces/jam/hari& Produktivitas Hasil sealing system tipe Ecorubber 2 (Viton) 95.6 %. Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja 36 pieces/orang/hari, Produktivitas Jam Kerja 19 pieces /jam/hari & Produktivitas Hasil sealing system tipe Ecorubber 1 (NBR) 97.1 %. Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja 34 pieces/orang/hari , Produktivitas Jam Kerja 17 pieces /jam/hari & Produktivitas Hasil sealing system tipe T-Ecopur (T-PU) 82.3 %.
Determinants of foreign direct investment in Lesotho: evidence from cointegration and error correction modeling
Authors: Malefane Malefa Rose 
Published: April 2017

Over the past decade, Lesotho has recorded a substantial increase in levels of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, part of it prompted by trade privileges. Building on the extant literature, this study provides an empirical analysis of determinants of FDI in Lesotho. The study looks at how macroeconomic stability, regulatory frameworks, political stability and market size affect FDI. The evidence from this study shows that some of the foreign enterprises in Lesotho are there to serve a bigger South African market. Also, the country has benefited from a more export-oriented investment promotion strategy. Critical issues however remain that must be addressed if the country is to attract more FDI and retain existing investors .These issues pertain to bureaucratic red-tape, corruption and political instability.
Using an inflation-augmented price-earnings ratio to guide tactical asset allocation
Authors: Saville Adrian 
Published: April 2017

Asset allocation plays a central role in determining investment outcomes, and available evidence shows that portfolio results can be enhanced through tactical asset allocation if managers use the simple price-earnings ratio as a predictor of equity returns. Recently, some international evidence has emerged which shows that, by augmenting the price-earnings metric with information about consumer price inflation, further enhancements can be achieved in tactical asset allocation. This study reviews these arguments as they apply to South Africa, and finds that an inflation-augmented price-earnings ratio is more successful in forecasting equity returns than is the simple price-earnings ratio. Moreover, the metric is found to be significant in explaining relative asset class returns. On a risk-adjusted basis, however, the tool fails to improve the portfolio results when compared to a buy-and-hold strategy.
Considering the Harmonic Sequence “Paradox”
Authors: Vivian Robert 
Published: April 2017

Blavatskyy (2006) formulated a game of chance based on the harmonic series which, he suggests, leads to a St Petersburg type of paradox. In view of the importance of the St Petersburg game in decision theory, any game which leads to a St Petersburg game type paradox is of interest. Blavatskyy’s game is re-examined in this article to conclude that it does not lead to a St Petersburg type paradox.
Econometric estimation of Armington elasticities for selected agricultural products in South Africa
Authors: Ogundeji Abiodun , Jooste Andre , Uchezuba D 
Published: April 2017

Price transmission behaviour is used to model the impacts of different trade regimes; if this behaviour is not modelled correctly, the trade impacts can be either under- or overestimated. Due to the lack of elasticities of substitution pertaining to selected imported and domestically produced agricultural products in South Africa, ‘Armington’ elasticities, using quarterly data from 1995-2006 and three different models, based on the time series properties of the data, are estimated in this paper. Considering the long-run elasticity results, soyabeans (whether broken or not) and meat of bovine animals (frozen) are the most sensitive import products, followed by maize, meat of bovine animals (fresh or chilled), sunflower seeds, and wheat and meslin. Regarding the short-run elasticity, soyabeans are the most sensitive import product, followed by meat of bovine animals (fresh or chilled); meat of swine (fresh, chilled or frozen) is the least sensitive import product.
Factors threatening the survival of independent financial advisers in their organisational life cycle: an exploratory study
Authors: Van Tonder Estelle , Ehlers Lené 
Published: April 2017

This study investigates various threats to the survival of independent financial advisers in their organisational life cycle. Telephone interviews were conducted to gain more insight into the demographic data of the respondents and to attempt to group them into life cycle stages. Personal interviews were conducted to investigate the respondents' problems. The contribution of this study is twofold: First, general life cycle stages applicable to the businesses of independent financial advisers were determined. Secondly, the study identified the important problems as well as those that ought to be consideration in the advisers' businesses. The findings could be of assistance to independent financial advisers in analysing both their current business position and their planning for future requirements as the business develops from one stage to the next.
Analysing the trade effects of the EU-SA & SADC trading agreements: a panel data approach
Authors: Jordaan Andre Cillie , Kanda Patrick 
Published: April 2017

This study investigates the trade effects of the EU-SA and SADC preferential trade agreements of which South Africa is a member. Using a panel data estimation of the gravity model of bilateral trade and based on data from 1994 to 2008, the study finds the EU-SA preferential trade agreement to have a significant trade expansion effect. The study further reveals that an informative conclusion on trade effects of the SADC preferential trade agreement can only be reached once the agreement has been fully operational. The study also recommends that trade policy in South Africa should increasingly be geared towards broad-based multilateral liberalisation. In addition, South Africa should promote regional economic stability and development through supporting regional trade agreements initiatives. Keywords: Trade creation, trade diversion, preferential trade agreement, panel data estimation, gravity model of bilateral trade
Economic capital for credit risk in the trading book
Authors: Smit Wynand , Van Vuuren Gary , Styger Paul 
Published: April 2017

The Basel II accord sets out detailed formulations (in its Internal Ratings Based approaches) for determining credit risk capital in the banking book, but until recently, credit risk in the trading book was largely ignored. The financial crisis in 2007/08 exposed this oversight: woefully inadequate trading book capital led to considerable losses which resulted in, inter alia, the imposition of severe capital requirements on credit riskprone securities in the trading book. Using empirical loss data, this article investigates whether these requirements are appropriate for the trading book and proposes a possible alternative which banks may use to determine economic capital.
Consumer awareness and usage of islamic banking products in South Africa
Authors: Saini Yvonne , Bick Geoff , Abdulla Loonat 
Published: April 2017

This paper investigates the level of consumer awareness and use of Islamic banking products in South Africa. A non-probability sampling method was used whereby a questionnaire was administered to 250 respondents and statistically analysed to determine the factors that are important in the choice between Islamic or conventional banks. It was found that Muslims are aware of Islamic banks, but their rate of use is low, as Muslim customers regard efficiency, lower bank charges, the availability of automatic teller machines and an extensive branch network as important factors when it comes to choosing a bank, rather than religious motivations for compliance with Islamic conventions. It was concluded that, if Islamic banks wanted to attract and retain customers and remain relevant in the South African context, they would have to develop relevant strategies designed to meet customers’ needs. Religion as the sole motivation for choosing Islamic banks is inadequate.
The perceived treatment of employees from designated groups in the workplace
Authors: Coetzee Mariette 
Published: April 2017

This article reports on employees’ perceptions of the treatment of employees from designated groups in the workplace. The objective of the study was to identify the components of workplace treatment that indicate the perceived treatment of employees from designated groups. The study further investigated the influence of demographic factors on these perceptions. A quantitative approach was followed, and a questionnaire was developed to collect data pertaining to employees’ biographical details and their perceptions of the treatment of employees from designated groups in the workplace. The population consisted of 29 688 employees at a leading South African bank and a sample of 1720 was used. A disproportionate, stratified sampling method was adopted and a sample of 349 employees participated. Factor analysis, correlations, T-tests and analysis of variance statistics were computed to achieve the objectives. The factor analysis identified four factors relating to the treatment of employees from designated groups: task autonomy, respect, responsibility and realistic expectations. The results of the T-tests revealed that race, years of service and staff category do influence employees’ perceptions of the treatment of workers from designated groups in terms of task autonomy and respect. Black respondents, unlike white respondents, believe that employees from designated groups are not treated with respect, nor are they accorded task autonomy. This study represents a vital step towards a better understanding of the dimensionality of perceptions of fair and just treatment and should ultimately contribute to more effective treatment of all employees in the workplace.
Inducing entrepreneurial creativity, innovation and opportunity-finding skills
Authors: Antonites AJ , Van Vuuren JJ 
Published: April 2017

A generally accepted definition of an entrepreneur is an individual with the ability to realise a specific vision from virtually anything, a definite human creative action. A differentiating factor defining the true entrepreneur is represented by the entrepreneurial skills creativity and innovation. The fundamental skill to "create", therefore generating an idea and transforming it into a viable growth-oriented business, forms an unconditional and integrated necessity in entrepreneurship training programmes. Many researchers in this field emphasise the need for and the lack of training models regarding this intervention.Courses offered by training institutions focus on training the traditional manager and not the entrepreneur. A lack of skills training for growth-oriented business is also evident. A critical deficiency in models directly addressing the Creativity, Innovation and Opportunity-finding issues, as part of entrepreneurship training, creates a situation of minuscule differentiation between a business idea and an opportunity in a training context. It is furthermore apparent that a lack of tools, textbooks and approaches to cultivate creativity exists in the field. The latter generates stifling pedagogical paradigms in teaching business and entrepreneurship.This study demonstrates a new action-learning approach and model, developed to increase creative and innovative behaviour and actions of the entrepreneurship learner. Three purposive samples were used, on the basis of an experimental design. Ratio data were obtained by means of a reliable measuring instrument (Chronbach's alpha on an acceptable levell). ANOVA as well as a discriminant analysis indicated statistically significant differences between the various groups.This study illustrates that the proposed training methodology that was used enhances the level of creativity and innovation skills of the entrepreneurship learner on this programme. Recommendations regarding future research in this exciting field of study are addressed.
The influence of family-related factors on the succession process in small and medium-sized family businesses
Authors: Venter E , Boshoff C 
Published: April 2017

In this study family-related factors that can influence the succession process in small and medium-sized family businesses are empirically investigated. The dependent variable in this study is measured by two underlying dimensions, namely satisfaction with the process and continued profitability of the business. The empirical results indicate that the family-related factors that influence both the aforementioned dimensions are the mutual acceptance of roles, the relationship between the owner-manager and successor, and family harmony. The continued profitability of the business is also influenced by the agreement to continue the business. The existence of family harmony in itself influences the relationship between the owner-manager and successor, the agreement to continue the business, as well as the mutual acceptance of roles. The managerial implications of these empirical findings are discussed and recommendations offered.
Trends in nutrient intakes, nutritional status, and correlates of undernutrition among rural children below 5 years of age
Authors: Meshram II , Kodavanti MR , Rachkulla HK , Nagalla B , Kakani SR 
Published: April 2017

Background:
In spite of several national nutrition intervention programs that have been in operation since the past four decades, undernutrition continues to be an important public health problem in India.

Aim:
The aim of the present study was to assess the trends in food and nutrient intakes and nutritional status of children in India below 5 years of age.

Setting and Design:
A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in ten National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau states by adopting a multistage random sampling procedure.

Methods:
Data were collected on the household (HH) socioeconomic and demographic particulars, and anthropometric measurements of the children, such as their length/height and weight, were noted. A 24-h dietary recall method was used for assessing dietary intake.

Results:
Intake of all the foodstuffs except pulses, vegetables, and fats and oils declined over a period of time (1975–1979 to 2011–2012) while the intake of all the micronutrients except Vitamins A and C declined during the same period. The prevalence of undernutrition, i.e. underweight, stunting, and wasting has declined from 76%, 82%, and 27%, respectively in 1975–1979 to 42%, 44%, and 19%, respectively, in 2011–2012 among 1-5 year children. The severe form of undernutrition has also declined during the same period. The prevalence of undernutrition was significantly (P < 0.01) higher among children of illiterate mothers, those belonging to lower socioeconomic status, and those living in nuclear families.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of undernutrition declined over the period despite the decrease in food and nutrient intake. However, the pace of decline was slower and it was attributed to improved health-care services coupled with control of communicable diseases and increase in the HHs income. Further efforts are needed to improve the literacy of parents, environmental and personal hygiene, along with the food security of HHs through a public distribution system.
BIG-DATA and the Challenges for Statistical Inference and Economics Teaching and Learning
Authors: Peñaloza Figueroa J.L. , Vargas Perez C. 
Published: April 2017

<p>The increasing automation in data collection, either in structured or</p><p>unstructured formats, as well as the development of reading, concatenation and comparison algorithms and the growing analytical skills which characterize the era of Big Data, cannot not only be considered a technological achievement, but an organizational, methodological and analytical challenge for knowledge as well, which is necessary to generate opportunities and added value.</p><p>In fact, exploiting the potential of Big-Data includes all fields of community activity; and given its ability to extract behaviour patterns, we are interested in the challenges for the field of teaching and learning, particularly in the field of statistical inference and economic theory.</p><p>Big-Data can improve the understanding of concepts, models and techniques used in both statistical inference and economic theory, and it can also generate reliable and robust short and long term predictions. These facts have led to the demand for analytical capabilities, which in turn encourages teachers and students to demand access to massive information produced by individuals, companies and public and private organizations in their transactions and inter- relationships.</p><p>Mass data (Big Data) is changing the way people access, understand and organize knowledge, which in turn is causing a shift in the approach to statistics and economics teaching, considering them as a real way of thinking rather than just operational and technical disciplines. Hence, the question is how teachers can use automated collection and analytical skills to their advantage when teaching statistics and economics; and whether it will lead to a change in what is taught and how it is taught.</p>