bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity as Determinants of Metabolic Health—Pooled Analysis of Two Twin Cohorts
Authors: Jukarainen Sakari , Holst René , Dalgård Christine , Piirilä Päivi , Lundbom Jesper , Hakkarainen Antti , Lundbom Nina , Rissanen Aila , Kaprio Jaakko , Kyvik Kirsten Ohm , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Context:
The joint effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition on metabolic health are not well known.

Objective:
To examine the associations of CRF, fat-free mass index (FFMI), and fat mass index (FMI) with metabolic health in individual twins and controlling for genetic and shared environmental effects by studying monozygotic intrapair differences.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
Two cross-sectional samples of healthy adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins were drawn from population-based Danish and Finnish national twin registries (n = 996 and n = 309).

Main Measures:
CRF was defined as VO2max divided by fat-free mass. Insulin sensitivity and acute insulin response indices were derived from an oral glucose tolerance test. A continuous metabolic syndrome score was calculated. Visceral and liver fat were measured in the Finnish sample. Associations were analyzed separately in both cohorts with multivariate linear regression and aggregated with meta-analytic methods.

Results:
Insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response, metabolic syndrome score, visceral, and liver fat amount had strong and statistically significant associations with FMI (|β| 0.53 to 0.79), whereas their associations with CRF and FFMI were at most weak (|β| 0.02 to 0.15). The results of the monozygotic intrapair differences analysis showed the same pattern.

Conclusions:
Although FMI is strongly associated with worsening of metabolic health traits, even after controlling for genetic and shared environmental factors, there was little evidence for the effects of CRF or FFMI on metabolic health. This suggests that changing FMI rather than CRF or FFMI may affect metabolic health irrespective of genetic or early environmental determinants.
A Novel APOC2 Missense Mutation Causing Apolipoprotein C-II Deficiency With Severe Triglyceridemia and Pancreatitis
Authors: Ueda Masako , Dunbar Richard L. , Wolska Anna , Sikora Tracey U. , Escobar Maria del Rosario , Seliktar Naomi , deGoma Emil , DerOhannessian Stephanie , Morrell Linda , McIntyre Adam D. , Burke Frances , Sviridov Denis , Amar Marcelo , Shamburek Robert D. , Freeman Lita , Hegele Robert A. , Remaley Alan T. , Rader Daniel J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Context:
Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare heritable disorder associated with severe hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent pancreatitis. Lipoprotein lipase deficiency and apolipoprotein C-II deficiency are two well-characterized autosomal recessive causes of FCS, and three other genes have been described to cause FCS. Because therapeutic approaches can vary according to the underlying etiology, it is important to establish the molecular etiology of FCS.

Case Description:
A man originally from North Africa was referred to the University of Pennsylvania Lipid Clinic for severe hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent pancreatitis, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of FCS. Molecular analyses of FCS-associated genes revealed a homozygous missense variant R72T in APOC2. Molecular modeling of the variant predicted that the apolipoprotein C-II R72T peptide has reduced lipid binding affinity. In vitro studies of the patient’s plasma confirmed the lack of functional apoC-II activity. Moreover, the apoC-II protein was undetectable in the patient’s plasma, quantitatively as well as qualitatively.

Conclusions:
We identified a missense APOC2 variant causing apoC-II deficiency in a patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent pancreatitis. Beyond dietary management and usual pharmacologic therapies, an apoC-II mimetic peptide may become an optional therapy in patients with apoC-II deficiency in the future.
3D motion of vesicles along microtubules helps them to circumvent obstacles in cells
Authors: Verdeny-Vilanova Ione , Wehnekamp Fabian , Mohan Nitin , Sandoval Álvarez Ángel , Borbely Joseph Steven , Otterstrom Jason John , Lamb Don C. , Lakadamyali Melike 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Vesicle transport is regulated at multiple levels, including regulation by scaffolding proteins and the cytoskeleton. This tight regulation is essential, since slowing or stoppage of transport can cause accumulation of obstacles and has been linked to diseases. Understanding the mechanisms by which transport is regulated as well as how motor proteins overcome obstacles can give important clues as to how these mechanisms break down in disease states. Here, we describe that the cytoskeleton architecture impacts transport in a vesicle-size-dependent manner, leading to pausing of vesicles larger than the separation of the microtubules. We further develop methods capable of following 3D transport processes in living cells. Using these methods, we show that vesicles move using two different modes along the microtubule. Off-axis motion, which leads to repositioning of the vesicle in 3D along the microtubule, correlates with the presence of steric obstacles and may help in circumventing them.
Muscle biochemistry of a pelagic delphinid (Stenella longirostris longirostris): insight into fishery-induced separation of mothers and calves
Authors: Noren Shawn R. , West Kristi 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe length of time required for postnatal maturation of the locomotor muscle (longissimus dorsi) biochemistry [myoglobin (Mb) content and buffering capacity] in marine mammals typically varies with nursing duration, but it can be accelerated by species-specific behavioral demands, such as deep-diving and sub-ice transit. We examined how the swimming demands of a pelagic lifestyle influence postnatal maturation of Mb and buffering capacity in spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris longirostris). Mb content of newborn (1.16±0.07 g Mb per 100 g wet muscle mass, n=6) and juvenile (2.77±0.22 g per 100 g, n=4) spinner dolphins were only 19% and 46% of adult levels (6.00±0.74 g per 100 g, n=6), respectively. At birth, buffering capacity was 52.70±4.48 slykes (n=6) and increased to 78.53±1.91 slykes (n=6) once a body length of 141 cm was achieved, representing 1.6- to 2.0-year-old dolphins. Based on the age of weaning (1.3–1.6 years post-partum), muscle maturation occurred just after weaning as described for coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Thus, a pelagic lifestyle does not promote rapid maturation of muscle biochemistry. Rather, it promotes enhanced muscle biochemistry: newborn and adult spinner dolphins had four- and two-times greater Mb contents than newborn and adult bottlenose dolphins, respectively. Indeed, adult levels rivaled those of deep-diving cetaceans. Nonetheless, the relatively underdeveloped muscle biochemistry of calves likely contributes to documented mother–calf separations for spinner dolphins chased by the tuna purse-seine fishery.
Unbound: Beyond the codex, the book as process/experience/event
Authors: Calvert Sheena 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article argues that the book as ‘process’ and ‘event’ requires a different understanding of ‘book’: one that acknowledges the impossibility of meaning residing in the final object alone. The finitude of the codex form is made a mockery of by the infinite dimensions of language, interpretation and time: this article extends that notion by exploring the process of making artists books as experience(s) that engage spatial/temporal/sensory attributes of making as being fully involved in their knowledge and meaning. Such books pose knowledge as an ‘event’: foregrounding the making and not the outcome. By example, the bookwork, Skinful (2003), questions the role of the materiality of the bound codex as object and examines how time and process operate in the book as a metaphor for emotional encounters. To complement this, The Cruelty of the Classical Canon (2014), expands the paradox of the material book as a container of knowledge explored through ‘brute’ encounters with making and experiencing such an object. Both books explore the relationship between the body/embodied thought in the book-as-process.
Dear Reader... some contemporary books by artists
Authors: Bodman Sarah 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Artists’ books have evolved over the last 60 years into a significant, international contemporary arts practice. In the 1960s, the artist’s book grew in popularity as a means of bypassing dealers in high end galleries, taking artists’ works out to a wider public through self-publishing and distribution. The genre has evolved further through access to new technologies and affordable publishing tools in the twenty-first century. Many artists are engaging with the book format today, creating artworks that allow the viewer/reader to engage closely with the subject matter that they are holding in their hands. And in the digital age, handheld books can include works made for viewing on tablets and e-readers, some produced exclusively for digital platforms, and some that play on the instability of such platforms such as books created from images of broken Kindles. Some artists making books conduct the whole editioning process by hand; producing their own papers, using traditional printmaking and binding processes in celebration of the book as a timeless, physical artefact.
Living in Messy Times: An Interview with Kit Dobson
Authors: Fitzpatrick Ryan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Kit Dobson is an Associate Professor at Mount Royal University in Calgary where he works on Canadian literature, film, and art. He is the author of Transnational Canadas: Anglo-Canadian Literature and Globalization (2009), which tracks the development of globalization in Canadian literature. He is also the editor or co-editor of three more books: Please, No More Poetry: The Poetry of derek beaulieu (2013), Transnationalism, Activism, Art (with Áine McGlynn, 2013), and Producing Canadian Literature: Authors Speak on the Literary Marketplace (with Smaro Kamboureli, 2013). More recent work looks at the intersection of neoliberal governance and literary practice. In this interview, we discuss the political potentials of literature in a thickly material field, asking how it circulates amidst calls for social justice, how it helps code and decode spatial stability, and how it helps us map the effects and affects of global pressures on the individual subject.
Remember the Hoarding: A Public Art Non Happening
Authors: Coombs Gretchen 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In June 2015, the Banff Research in Culture’s residents contemplated their involvement in a participatory and socially engaged art project in Banff Centre. This article considers this discussion in light of recent contemporary art practices in the public realm, and briefly highlights some of the main theoretical debates circulating at this time.
Homoclinics for strongly indefinite almost periodic second order Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Pankov Alexander 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUnder certain assumptions, we prove the existence of homoclinic solutions for almost periodic second order Hamiltonian systems in the strongly indefinite case. The proof relies on a careful analysis of the energy functional restricted to the generalized Nehari manifold, and the existence and fine properties of special Palais–Smale sequences.
Identifying and analyzing diagnostic paths: a new approach for studying diagnostic practices
Authors: Rao Goutham , Epner Paul , Bauer Victoria , Solomonides Anthony , Newman-Toker David E. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Diagnostic error is a serious public health problem to which knowledge gaps and associated cognitive error contribute significantly. Identifying diagnostic approaches to common problems in ambulatory care associated with more timely and accurate diagnosis and lower cost and harm associated with diagnostic evaluation is an important priority for health care systems, clinicians, and of course patients. Unfortunately, guidance on how best to approach diagnosis in patients with common presenting complaints such as abdominal pain, dizziness, and fatigue is lacking. Exploring diagnostic practice variation and patterns of diagnostic evaluation is a potentially valuable approach to identifying best current diagnostic practices. A “diagnostic path” is the sequence of actions taken to evaluate a new complaint from first presentation until a diagnosis is established, or the evaluation ends for other reasons. A “big data” approach to identifying diagnostic paths from electronic health records can be used to identify practice variation and best practices from a large number of patients. Limitations of this approach include incompleteness and inaccuracy of electronic medical record data, the fact that diagnostic paths may not represent clinician thinking, and the fact that diagnostic paths may be used to identify best current practices, rather than optimal practices.
Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan: applications of chitosan nanoparticles in the adsorption of copper in an aqueous environment
Authors: Rahmani Oumkelthoum , Bouzid Bachir , Guibadj Abdenacer 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe main objective of the present work is to develop and characterize a new generation of adsorptive gelled porous bead supports made from nanoparticles of chitosan, bentonite and alginate. There were subsequently used in the purification of water synthetically polluted with cupric ions. The multiple experiments carried out on the adsorption of copper resulted in an equilibrium time reached after 10 min with an elimination percentage of 86%. Adsorption kinetics is better described by the expression of the second-order model whereas the adsorption isotherm is satisfactorily described by the Freundlich model. The different results showed the high affinity of the nanoparticle composite beads of chitosan/bentonite/alginate to cupric ions in an aqueous solution which is probably due to the presence of various chelating agents such as “NH, OH, COO−, and O” in their structure.
Plasticizer effect on melt blending of polylactide stereocomplex
Authors: Srithep Yottha , Pholharn Dutchanee 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPoly(l-lactide) (PLLA)/poly(d-lactide) (50/50) with plasticizer contents ranging from 2% to 16% w/w were prepared by melt blending using an internal mixer. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry results confirmed that complete stereocomplex polylactide crystallites without any homocrystallites were produced. Compared to neat PLLA, the melting temperature of the stereocomplex polylactide and its plasticized samples was approximately 55°C higher. Higher plasticizer contents decreased glass transition temperature of the stereocomplex, which implied higher flexibility and enhanced the crystallization rate. However, the plasticizer in the stereocomplex reduced the thermal stability.
Design of Planar Leaky Wave Antenna Fed by Substrate Integrated Waveguide Horn
Authors: Cai Yang , Zhang Yingsong , Qian Zuping 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA metal strip grating leaky wave antenna (MSG-LWA) fed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) horn is proposed. The planar horn shares the same substrate with the MSG-LWA, which leads to a compact structure of the proposed antenna. Furthermore, through introducing phase-corrected structure by embedding metallized vias into the SIW horn, a nearly uniform phase distribution at the horn aperture is obtained, which effectively enhances the radiating performance of the MSG-LWA. Results indicate that the proposed antenna scans from –50° to –25° in the frequency band ranging from 15.3 GHz to 17.3 GHz. Besides, effectiveness of the proposed design is validated by comparing with a same MSG-LWA fed by an ideal rectangular waveguide.
Design and Fabrication of High Gain Multi-element Multi-segment Quarter-sector Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna
Authors: Ranjan Pinku , Gangwar Ravi Kumar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA novel design and analysis of quarter cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (q-CDRA) with multi-element and multi-segment (MEMS) approach has been presented. The MEMS q-CDRA has been designed by splitting four identical quarters from a solid cylinder and then multi-segmentation approach has been utilized to design q-CDRA. The proposed antenna has been designed for enhancement in bandwidth as well as for high gain. For bandwidth enhancement, multi-segmentation method has been explained for the selection of dielectric constant of materials. The performance of the proposed MEMS q-CDRA has been demonstrated with design guideline of MEMS approach. To validate the antenna performance, three segments q-CDRA has been fabricated and analyzed practically. The simulated results have been in good agreement with measured one. The MEMS q-CDRA has wide impedance bandwidth (|S
Conceptualisation of Theatrical Characters in the Digital Paradigm: Needs, Problems and Foreseen Solutions
Authors: Galleron Ioana 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper looks at how digital humanities can modify our more traditional understanding and conceptualisation of literary characters. Through the analysis of cast lists from more than 880 French plays from 1630 to 1810, and the “close reading” of some sample texts, it proposes a classification of units of characterisation (caractérisèmes) that can be identified in plays. In the last part, the paper sketches a protocol for the encoding of these characters in a TEI conformant way, and discusses the advantages and the drawbacks of such an endeavour.
GPU-GIST – a case of generalized database indexing on modern hardware
Authors: Beier Felix , Sattler Kai-Uwe 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A lot of different indexes have been developed for accelerating search operations on large data sets. Search trees,
representing the most prominent class, are ubiquitous in database management systems but are also widely used in non-DBMS
applications. An approach for lowering the implementation complexity of these structures are index frameworks like
generalized search trees (GiST). Common data management operations are implemented within the framework which can be
specialized by data organization and evaluation strategies in order to model the actual index type. These frameworks are
particularly useful in scientific and engineering applications where characteristics of the underlying data set are not
known a priori and a lot of prototyping is required in order to find suitable index structures for the workload.
However, existing frameworks only abstract data organization and data maintenance aspects to model different index
families, while traversal operations for executing searches are implemented serially. This paper presents an approach for
enabling parallel processing in GiST in order to leverage the full power of parallel processor architectures for different
index implementations at once. Further, results of a prototypical implementation are evaluated on a hybrid CPU/GPU system
architecture to verify the applicability of this generic framework idea on different hardware platforms.
The use of a simple model in the inverse characterization of cardiac ischemic regions
Authors: Chávez Carlos Eduardo , Alonso-Atienza Felipe , Álvarez Diego 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the use of simple models for solving the inverse problem in electrocardiography (IPE), which aims at recovering the heart condition from a set of remote voltages measurements. Specifically, we consider here the problem of estimating the shape, size and location of cardiac ischemic regions. The forward problem to generate the data (voltage measurements) is formulated by using the Luo–Rudy model, which provides a detailed description of the electrical behavior of cardiac cells. As for the inversion process, we use the two-current phenomenological model. The inversion procedure also incorporates a semi-automatic stage to characterize the conduction properties of the cardiac tissue. The ischemic regions are modeled by using standard level set techniques. Numerical results show that the algorithm is capable of estimating the position, size and shape of cardiac ischemic regions from noisy voltage measurements, for both 2D and 3D geometries. Our inverse procedure is benchmarked against zero-order Tikhonov regularization. This work is a proof of principle demonstrating the possibility of using simple models in the IPE towards realistic situations.
The enclosure method for inverse obstacle scattering over a finite time interval: IV. Extraction from a single point on the graph of the response operator
Authors: Ikehata Masaru 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A final and maybe the simplest formulation of the enclosure method applied to inverse obstacle problems governed by partial differential equations in a spatial domain with an outer boundary over a finite time interval is presented.
The method employs only a single pair of quite natural Neumann data prescribed on the outer boundary and the corresponding Dirichlet data on the same boundary of the solution of the governing equation over a finite time interval, that is, a single point on the graph of the so-called response operator.
It is shown that the methods enables us to extract the distance of a given point outside the domain to an embedded unknown obstacle, that is, the maximum sphere centered at the point whose exterior encloses the unknown obstacle.
To make the explanation of the idea clear only an inverse obstacle problem governed by the wave equation is considered.
Management Practices and Milk Production in Dairy Donkey Farms Distributed Over the Italian Territory
Authors: Dai Francesca , Segati Giulia , Costa Emanuela Dalla , Burden Faith , Judge Andrew , Minero Michela 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLimited information is available about the actual management characteristics of dairy donkeys in Southern Europe. The aim of the present study is to describe animal management of dairy donkey farms in Italy. Twelve farmers were asked to answer a questionnaire on the management of their animals and their farms distributed over the Italian territory. Six farms grouped their animals in paddocks according to the production characteristics (e.g. lactating, dry, stallions); three farms housed the stallions in single boxes. Most of the visited farms were family run and the number of animals cared for by a single person varied from five to 103 animals. All the farms but one performed mechanical milking with a modified goat milkmaid. Vaccinations were regularly performed only on two farms. All the foals received colostrum and suckled from their own mothers. Foals were nursed by their mother until 6-12 months old. During the separation period before milking, foals were usually (83%) housed in paddocks near their mothers with the possibility of visual and/or tactile contact, however such separations could be for up to 12 hours (17%). Even though the assessed sample was small, considerable differences were seen between farms, likely due to lack of uniform information available for the farmers. The adoption of scientific based procedures is suggested in order to improve both animal welfare and milk quality.