bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child psychiatry: A scientometric analysis 1980-2016
Authors: Naveed Sadiq , Waqas Ahmed , Majeed Salman , Zeshan Muhammad , Jahan Nusrat , Haaris Sheikh Muhammad 
Published: August 2017

Background: The field of child and adolescent psychiatry lags behind adult psychiatry significantly. In recent years, it has witnessed a significant increase in the publication of journals and articles. This study provides a detailed bibliometric analysis of articles published from 1980 to 2016, in the top seven journals of child and adolescent psychiatry. Methods: Using the Web of Science core collection, we selected 9,719 research papers published in seven psychiatric journals from 1980 to 2016. We utilized the Web of Science Analytics tool and Network Analysis Interface for Literature Studies (NAILS) Project scripts to delineate the general trends of publication in these journals. Then, co-citation analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using CiteSpace to map important papers, landmark theories and foci of research in child and adolescent psychiatry. Results: The field of child and adolescent psychiatry has experienced an increasing trend in research, which was reflected in the results of this study. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the research foci in psychiatry were primarily studies related to the design of psychometric instruments, checklists, taxonomy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, PTSD, social phobia, and psychopharmacology. Moreover, several landmark studies, including the validation of a child behavior checklist, Ainsworth's empirical evidence of Bowlby's attachment theory, and adult outcomes of childhood dysregulation were published. This study also reports rapid expansion and innovation in research areas in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry from 1980-2016. Conclusions: Rapid expansion and innovation in research areas in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry has been observed, from 1980 to 2016.
Pre-hospital delay in Vietnamese patients hospitalized with a first acute myocardial infarction: A short report
Authors: Nguyen Hoa L. , Phan Dat T. , Ha Duc A. , Nguyen Quang N. , Goldberg Robert J. 
Published: August 2017

Background: Administration of coronary reperfusion therapy to patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within the proper timeframe is essential in avoiding clinical complications and death. However, the extent of pre-hospital delay is unexplored in Vietnam. This report aims to describe the duration of pre-hospital delay of Hanoi residents hospitalized with a first AMI at the Vietnam National Heart Institute . Methods: A total of 103 Hanoi residents hospitalized at the largest tertiary care medical center in the city for first AMI, who have information on prehospital delay was included in this report.Results: One third of the study sample was women and mean age was 66 years. The mean and median pre-hospital delay duration were 14.9 hours and 4.8 hours, respectively. The proportion of patients who delayed <6 , 6-<12, and ≥ 12 hours were 45%, 13%, and 42%, respectively.Conclusions: Our data shows that a prolonged pre-hospital delay is often observed in patients with a first AMI in Vietnam. In order to confirm these preliminary descriptive findings, a full-scale investigation of all Hanoi residents hospitalized with first AMI is needed. Increasing public awareness about AMI treatment is vital in encouraging patients to seek medical care timely after experiencing AMI symptoms such that received treatment is most effective.
The British Society of Periodontology Referral Policy and Parameters of Care
Authors: Dowell P. , Chapple I.L.C. 
Published: August 2017

This referral policy and parameters of care document was commissioned by the Council of the British Society of Periodontology to provide guidance for practitioners, given the changing environment of primary and secondary care dentistry in the UK. These changes included the provision of the so-called ‘high street’ specialists in various mono-specialties and engendered a new paradigm of openness and information giving from the profession outwards. This was in turn necessitated by both dento-legal requirements and an increasing demand from the public for the provision of more advanced periodontal care. The promotion of periodontal therapy is both public and practitioner based, and by promoting periodontology to the general practitioner there is an inevitable knock-on effect to the patient base. Thus, in October 2000, these guidelines for referring from primary to secondary care were published so that GDPs could be given some indications of good referral practice, based upon the well-known tenets of the Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE). In addition, a number of succinct and relevant parameters of care were proposed, highlighting the need for the practitioner to not only examine the periodontium but also to make a diagnosis and effect a treatment plan and defined therapeutic goals using evidence based procedures.
Atypical Fulminating Dental Infections
Authors: Mohammed-Ali Ricardo I , McGurk Mark 
Published: August 2017

Dental surgeons are faced with treating dental infections on a daily basis and the cases discussed in this paper highlight the potential outcome of such infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Fulminating infection in the head and neck may present as a rapidly progressive, potentially fatal condition characterized by extensive necrosis of the subcutaneous tissues. One form of such infection is necrotizing fasciitis. Although first described in 1793 by Pouteau, the term necrotizing fasciitis was first coined in 1952 by Wilson who noted that facial necrosis was the most consistent feature of this disease. When necrotizing fasciitis occurs in the head and neck region it is usually odontogenic in origin. This paper reviews the cases of four patients presenting with atypical fulminating dental infection who presented to the oral and maxillofacial department at Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital, London, resulting in cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis. Aggressive management is critical for patient survival and time wasted is tissue lost.
Prevention of Iatrogenic Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injuries in Relation to Dental Procedures
Authors: Renton Tara 
Published: August 2017

This article aims to review current hypotheses on the aetiology and prevention of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injuries in relation to dental procedures. The inferior alveolar nerve can be damaged during many dental procedures, including administration of local anaesthetic, implant bed preparation and placement, endodontics, third molar surgery and other surgical interventions. Damage to sensory nerves can result in anaesthesia, paraesthesia, pain, or a combination of the three. Pain is common in inferior alveolar nerve injuries, resulting in significant functional problems. The significant disability associated with these nerve injuries may also result in increasing numbers of medico-legal claims. Many of these iatrogenic nerve injuries can be avoided with careful patient assessment and planning. Furthermore, if the injury occurs there are emerging strategies that may facilitate recovery. The emphasis of this review is on how we may prevent these injuries and facilitate resolution in the early post surgical phase.
Multiple radio-opacities in an opg: a case report of cavernous haemangioma of temporalis muscle with multiple phleboliths
Authors: Gadhia Kushal , Bunyan Robert , Chan Chi-Hwa 
Published: August 2017

Intramuscular haemangiomas of the head and neck region are rare. They may present as an incidental finding, a mass or swelling, pain, tenderness, limitation of movement or cosmetic deformity. Treatment depends on the clinical signs and symptoms. Because of the apparent rarity of this lesion, we report a case of an incidental finding of multiple radio-opacities in a dental panoramic tomograph that was diagnosed as cavernous haemangioma in temporalis muscle with multiple phleboliths. Clinical Relevance: Symptoms may not always be what they seem.
Chondrolipoma presenting as a lump on the lateral tongue
Authors: Shabbir Fahad , Greenwood Mark 
Published: August 2017

The oral cavity is an uncommon site for a true lipoma. A distinct histological variant is chondrolipoma, which is a rare oral lesion. A case of chondrolipoma in a 71-year-old male is reported and histology and differential diagnosis are discussed. Clinical Relevance: An oral lump is a common presenting complaint and requires further investigation.
Endodontics and the older patient
Authors: Qualtrough Alison JE , Mannocci Francesco 
Published: August 2017

The number of elderly people in the population is rising and there is an increasing trend for tooth preservation. Older patients are more likely to have complex medical histories and/or physical disabilities. They are increasingly likely to retain their teeth, which could be heavily restored or broken down and root treatment may be challenging. In order to maintain teeth, a decision needs to be made as to whether or not to carry out endodontic treatment, which may be challenging in itself, and may also be associated with other age-related considerations. This paper considers endodontic issues related to the older patient, bearing in mind the plethora of considerations which may be relevant to root canal treatment. Clinical Relevance: There are many benefits of retaining teeth, but there may be disadvantages.
Aesthetic composite veneers for an adult patient with amelogenesis imperfecta: a case report
Authors: Brignall Ian , Mehta Shamir B , Banerji Subir , J Millar Brian 
Published: August 2017

This case has been presented as part of the continual assessment requirement for the MSc in Aesthetic Dentistry, King's College Dental Institute. Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary disorder of enamel formation, affecting both the permanent and deciduous dentitions. It can be classified into hypoplastic, hypomaturation and hypocalcified types and presents with different hereditary patterns. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of amelogenesis imperfecta, including a detailed case report for an aesthetically concerned adult patient presenting in general practice with a Witkop's Type IA defect managed with the placement of direct, layered resin composite veneers. Clinical Relevance: Amelogenesis imperfecta patients are susceptible to the restorative cycle of replacement restorations like any other patient, but start with a distinct disadvantage. This case report demonstrates a minimally invasive, relatively simple and cost-effective option for the aesthetic correction of a case of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta with layered composite veneers.
Oral healthcare considerations for the pregnant woman
Authors: Nayak Ajay G , Denny Ceena , KM Veena 
Published: August 2017

Pregnancy is a period of both joy and anxiety in a woman's life and is characterized by various physiological changes in her body brought about by the circulating female sex hormones. The oral cavity is also the seat of changes and these physiologic changes of pregnancy need to be addressed while managing the pregnant woman in the dental clinic. The main goal is to minimize the occurrence of any complications that might harm the mother-to-be and/or the unborn child. Preventive, emergency, and routine dental procedures are all deemed suitable during various phases of pregnancy, with some treatment modifications and initial planning. Clinical Relevance: The dentist should be in a position to manage pregnant women in clinical practice effectively.
Dental management of the elderly patient
Authors: Preston AJ 
Published: August 2017

The dental management of the elderly individual is becoming more of an issue in both general dental practice and specialist prosthodontic practice. This is because, in general, the population is living longer and often elderly patients are retaining their natural teeth into their old age. In addition, there are often related significant medical, social and oro-dental issues that require consideration. Clinical Relevance: The dental management of the elderly patient is an increasing problem. This paper seeks to consider the main relevant issues pertaining to this important subject area.
Invisalign®, an innovative invisible orthodontic appliance to correct malocclusions: advantages and limitations
Authors: AH Ali Shaymaa Abdulreda , Miethke Henno Rainer 
Published: August 2017

Tooth movement may be achieved by the use of sequential positioners made by altering tooth positions on set-up models to simulate progress of treatment. The principle is based upon Kesling's positioner concept of 1945, though its subsequent application to splint therapy was labour intensive and did not result in precise tooth movement. Invisalign® was developed by Align Technology, Inc (Santa Clara, CA, USA) in 1997 by applying 3-D imaging technology to overcome these problems, and permitting customization on a large scale. Their system offers significant advantages, but still suffers from limitations which are discussed in this article. Clinical Relevance: By providing an aesthetic means of correcting malocclusions of minor to moderate severity, Invisalign® has met with high patient acceptance. Aggressive marketing of the system makes it essential that the orthodontists and dentists understand the basic mechanism whereby the system works, along with its strengths and limitations.
The talon cusp – an uncommon anomaly
Authors: Seehra J , Coutts F 
Published: August 2017

Talon cusps are an uncommon dental anomaly of odontogenic origin. Talon cusps can also present with other dental anomalies, however these have been infrequently reported in the literature. The following is a report of two cases in which talon cusps were detected in combination with two distinct dental anomalies: an ectopic canine and transposition. Clinical Relevance: It is important to recognize that the management of talon cusps may require a multidisciplinary approach and should be considered during treatment planning.
Ozone and caries: a review of the literature
Authors: Burke FJ Trevor 
Published: August 2017

Ozone, either in gaseous form or as ozonated water, has been available for use as a treatment for dental caries for a decade. This paper reviews the literature on the subject by examining the findings of publications in the peer review literature. Eighteen papers were identified by a literature search. From the review of these, it was concluded that, while some laboratory studies and some short duration clinical studies have suggested that ozone may be effective in the treatment of root caries or killing of oral micro-organisms, the clinical evidence for the use of ozone in treatment of caries is not compelling. Clinical Relevance: It may be considered that there is presently no justification for the routine use of ozone in the treatment of caries.
Tumoral calcinosis: a dental literature review and case report
Authors: Krstevska Ana , Gale Sarah , Blair Fiona 
Published: August 2017

Tumoral calcinosis (TC) is a rare familial disease characterized by abnormal peri-articular calcification in affected joints, without any associated renal, metabolic or collagen vascular disease. It is characterized by usual hyperphosphataemia with normal serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase values. There are only a few reported cases of TC patients with dental findings. This article reviews the dental literature and describes progressive gingival, alveolar and mandibular tori enlargement in a 41-year-old female from Zimbabwe with tumoral calcinosis. Clinical Relevance: Tumoral calcinosis is a rare disorder of mineral metabolism with oral manifestations.
Ethical marketing in ‘aesthetic’ (‘esthetic’) or ‘cosmetic dentistry’ part 3
Authors: Kelleher Martin G D , Djemal Serpil , Lewis Nicholas 
Published: August 2017

This, the third and final article in this series on ethical marketing, makes it clear that cosmetic dentistry is not a guaranteed one-way ticket to happiness for either patients or dentists, but it can be for lawyers. In fact, this area of dentistry is fraught with many dangers for the unwary patient and even for the enthusiastic or experienced dentist. In general, it is not at all wise to raise patient expectations beyond that which is definitely going to be easily achievable in his/her particular case. Clinical Relevance: If things go wrong with extensive cosmetic dentistry, or are judged as being suboptimal, or unacceptable, by the patient, then that dentist may become liable for all the remakes of that elective cosmetic dentistry for the lifetime of the patient, together with all the associated general and specific damages. This is because, if the elective cosmetic dentistry had not been done, the patient would not have needed to have the remakes. Informed consent is a major issue with cosmetic dentistry, as is avoiding any possible claims for breach of contract, which could be verbal, implied or written.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta: full-mouth rehabilitation using implants and sinus grafts – a case report
Authors: Seymour DW , Chan M F W-Y , Nixon PJ 
Published: August 2017

This case report outlines one possible treatment modality to manage the developmental abnormality dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI). In this case, the patient's dentition is restored using a combination of full-coverage crowns for the remaining teeth and implant-supported crowns to replace missing teeth in a re-organized occlusal scheme. The case also demonstrates the effective use of the sinus graft procedure with simultaneous placement of dental implants. This paper also aims to make the reader aware of the current thinking behind treatment delivered to this group of patients, focusing on full-mouth rehabilitation using a combination of implant-supported and conventional metal ceramic crowns. Clinical Relevance: For the general dental practitioner this case outlines the prevalence and cause of DI. It demonstrates how early diagnosis and appropriate referral has an impact on future treatment.
Denture fixative cream and the potential for neuropathy
Authors: Shammaa Yasir , Rodgers Jennifer 
Published: August 2017

The body requires zinc in small amounts to remain healthy. Because the body balances zinc and copper, people who ingest excessive zinc have resulting dangerously low levels of copper. An acute zinc overdose itself may be toxic and chronic zinc ingestion results in bone marrow suppression and degeneration of the spinal cord, usually resulting in crippling nerve damage. It's been called ‘human swayback disease’. A case of a 54-year-old female whose nerve damage greatly reduced her mobility due to copper deficiency myelopathy as a result of the use of denture fixative cream is discussed. Clinical Relevance: Many cases of mysterious nerve damage turn out to be caused by overuse of popular denture products, eg Fixodent. Thus we are encouraging patients to read the manufacturer's leaflet and follow the instructions carefully.
A study to assess management of patients on warfarin by general dental practitioners (GDPS) in the west midlands
Authors: Dewan Karun , Vithlani Viren , Patel Neil , Warren Kathy 
Published: August 2017

Current management protocols for anticoagulated patients undergoing dental procedures are influenced by evidence-based guidelines. These guidelines state that the risk of significant bleeding is low in patients who have a stable INR within a therapeutic range, (2-4). The risks of interruption of anticoagulant therapy is greater than the risk of bleeding. This paper discusses the current practice of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in the West Midlands when treating patients taking warfarin and compares these findings with standard guidelines. A questionnaire was sent to 638 GDPs in West Midlands in 2010, 492 (77%) were returned. This study was carried out three years after a similar study carried out in South West Wales and after the guidance updated by the BNF and NMWIC. Thirty-three (7%) of the respondents did not treat patients on warfarin. The majority of respondents (86%) considered that a dental extraction in a patient on warfarin is a procedure associated with a high risk of bleeding. Surgical implant placement (75%), subgingival debridement (49%) and inferior dental block (40%) administration were also considered by GDPs to be associated with a high risk of bleeding. The majority (88%) of the respondents check the INR of anticoagulated patients before carrying out treatment. Of these, 244 (52%) would do so within 24 hours and 78 (17%) of them within 72 hours. Only 117 (25%) considered 4.0 as the safe upper limit for the INR for performing high-risk procedures. Clinical Relevance: The findings of this study demonstrate that there is general awareness about how to manage patients on warfarin but uncertainties still exist among general dental practitioners. Further education and training would improve the care of patients on warfarin in a primary care setting.
Retention systems for implant-retained overdentures
Authors: Vasant Ronuk , Vasant Manjul K 
Published: August 2017

There have been demographic and cultural changes in the past few decades with regards to edentulism. Conventional mucosa-borne dentures can be poorly accepted by some patients. Implant overdentures have a useful role to play in the treatment of some of these patients. Some form of attachment mechanism between the implants and the prosthesis is normally required. This paper updates the reader on the different types of attachment systems and bars available. Clinical Relevance: It is important that dentists and technicians are able to understand the advantages and disadvantages of different attachment types for overdentures, in order to select the most appropriate technique for each patient.
Spontaneous resolution of a periapical lesion during orthodontic treatment: a case report
Authors: Bainbridge M , Cousley RRJ 
Published: August 2017

Teeth with periapical lesions can undergo successful orthodontic treatment, but conventional protocols indicate that such teeth should be endodontically stabilized prior to such treatment. A case report is presented where such endodontic stabilization was not possible, yet a chronic periapical lesion resolved as orthodontic treatment progressed. This paper will discuss the possible causes of the initial lesion, and reasons why it resolved without endodontic treatment. Clinical Relevance: This report illustrates the possible combined roles of trauma, occlusion and periodontal disease in the development of a perio-endo lesion, and how orthodontic treatment potentially relieved some of the exacerbating factors, thus enabling resolution of the infection without endodontic treatment.
Antibiotics in dentistry – an update
Authors: Seymour Robin A 
Published: August 2017

This review article considers the changes in antibiotic usage over the past 40 years. Perhaps the most significant advance is in the prophylactic use of these drugs to reduce the effect of dentally induced bacteraemia. A greater understanding of various dental infections and, in particular, the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, has led to further interest in the indications for these drugs as adjunctive measures. Whilst new indications for the use of antibiotics become more widespread, all members of the healthcare professions need to be aware that these drugs have significant adverse effects and their misuse can lead to life-threatening infection. Clinical Relevance: Antibiotics have revolutionized the control of infectious diseases and have a significant role in dental practice. Dentists should be fully appraised of the benefits of these drugs and when they should be prescribed. Antibiotics usage should not be a substitute for interventional procedures, such as drainage of pus or removal of sources of infection. Indications for the use of these drugs as prophylactic measures are now reducing.