bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of carbon co-implantation on boron distribution and activation in silicon studied by atom probe tomography and spreading resistance measurements
Authors: Shimizu Yasuo , Takamizawa Hisashi , Inoue Koji , Yano Fumiko , Kudo Shuichi , Nishida Akio , Toyama Takeshi , Nagai Yasuyoshi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The impact of carbon (C) co-implantation on boron (B) activation in crystalline silicon was investigated. The detailed distribution of B and C atoms and B activation ratios dependent on the C ion-implantation energies were examined based on three-dimensional spatial mappings of B and C obtained by atom probe tomography and from depth profiles of their concentrations from secondary ion mass spectrometry and depth profiles of carrier concentrations with spreading resistance measurements. At all C implantation energies (8, 15, and 30 keV), B out-diffusion during activation annealing was reduced, so that more B atoms were observed in the C co-implanted samples. The carrier concentration was decreased throughout the entire implanted region for C implantation energies of 15 and 30 keV, although it was only increased at greater depths for C co-implantation at 8 keV. Two different effects of C co-implantation, (I) reduction of B out-diffusion and (II) influence of B activation, were confirmed.
Erfaringens kontinuum – om ungdom og identitetsmarkører
Authors: Arnesen Jon 
Published: January 2016

Artikkelen er basert på et utviklings- og forskningsarbeid (2011 – 2014) ved barnevernspedagogutdanningen ved Høgskolen i Harstad. Artikkelen utforsker kunstdidaktikk gjennom en kroppsnær estetisk praksis som gir rom for estetisk erfaring. Den har fokus på hvordan estetisk kompetanse basert på en performativ praksis kan utvikles hos fremtidige barnevernspedagoger. Forfatteren undersøker hvilke fenomen som inngår i praksisen, og hvilken kunstdidaktisk forståelse som kan knyttes til en slik estetisk kompetanse. Den estetiske praksis påvirker både lærer- og studentrollen. Læreren går fra å være foreleser til å bli inspirator, deltagende observatør og ressursperson på sidelinjen. Studenten går fra å være mottaker til å bli en estetisk aktør basert på egne ungdomserfaringer. I artikkelen beskrives en mulig bro mellom miljøarbeid og estetisk praksis i en profesjonsutdannelse. Artikkelen viser at kunstdidaktisk praksis ved barnevernspedagogstudiet innebærer refleksjon i handling der man tar strategiske valg basert på intuitiv sensitivitet med rom for det uventede.
Comparison of growth characteristics between skeletal muscle satellite cell lines from diploid and triploid olive flounderParalichthys olivaceus
Authors: Peng Li-min , Zheng Yuan , You Feng , Wu Zhi-hao , Tan Xungang , Jiao Shuang , Zhang Pei-jun 
Published: January 2016

Objectives. According to myosatellite cell lines (MSCs) establishedin vitrofrom diploid and triploid flounder, we compared the characters of growth and differentiation of their MSCs. The results would be useful for learning the muscle development mechanism in teleosts.Materials and Methods. The skeletal muscle cells from the diploid and triploid olive flounderParalichthys olivaceuswere isolated and culturedin vitro, respectively, and the cells were characterized at the morphology and molecular level; meanwhile, the performance of these cells’ proliferation and differentiation were analyzed.Results. Two new skeletal muscle cell lines (POMSCS(2n)and POMSCS(3n)) from diploid and triploid flounder have been respectively subcultured for 67 times and 66 times. The cultured cells were mostly spindle-like mononuclear cells. They have normal flounder diploid karyotype (2n=48t) and triploid karyotype (3n=72t), respectively. Muscle satellite cell gene marker (pax7b) and myogenic cell protein marker (Desmin) were all expressed in cells of two cell lines. Both of the cells could differentiate into the large polynucleated muscle fibre cells, and immunofluorescence reactions of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) were positive. There were more cells of POMSCS(3n)to differentiate into the muscle fibre cells than that of POMSCS(2n). However, POMSCS(2n)cells proliferated more rapidly than those of POMSCS(3n)(P< 0.05). The significant fluorescent signals were observed in both POMSCS(2n)and POMSCS(3n)cells after transfected with pEGFP-N3 reporter plasmid.Conclusions. The two cell lines have been established and characterized as MSCs. We suppose that it might be the differentiation capacity, rather than the proliferation activity of MSCs to play a key role in the better growth of triploid ones than diploid. Both cell lines will become the ideal tools to learn the mechanism of fish MSCs proliferation, differentiation and regeneration during muscle development in the future.
Evaluating camera‐based methods for estimating badger (Meles meles) density: Implications for wildlife management
Authors: Miles Verity , Woodroffe Rosie , Donnelly Christl A. , Brotherton Peter N. M. , Ham Cally , Astley Kelly , Aurélio Joana , Rowcliffe Marcus 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Accurate and precise assessment of population density plays a critical role in effective wildlife management, but reliable estimates are often difficult to obtain. Camera traps have emerged as valuable noninvasive tools for studying elusive species, offering cost‐effective solutions for both marked and unmarked populations.

We evaluated the consistency of badger (Meles meles) density estimates obtained from the random encounter model (REM) and camera trap distance sampling (CT‐DS) with independent estimates from spatial mark‐resight (SMR) models and quantified the bias in CT‐DS arising from animals reacting to camera traps. Six camera trap surveys were conducted in Cornwall, UK, in 2019 and 2021, and data were used to estimate badger density using the REM and CT‐DS. Four sites were included in a badger vaccination research project, providing an opportunity to mark badgers with uniquely identifiable fur clips to facilitate resighting within a SMR framework.

We found consistency in the density estimates across all methods, but results had wide confidence intervals. Density estimates derived from CT‐DS tended to be higher than those from the REM and were sensitive to the exclusion of reactive sequences, resulting in a twofold decrease in the estimated density in one case. The REM tended to be the most precise method; however, where badger density was low, precision was low using all methods.

Practical implication: our findings suggest animal density can be assessed from camera traps in the absence of individual identification; however, it is important to account for reactive behaviours, especially where such behaviour is prevalent. In these circumstances, we recommend utilising the REM which offers a clear methodology for addressing bias arising from reactive sequences. In addition, we emphasise the need for improved precision to ensure the effectiveness of these methods in the context of wildlife management. We offer practical considerations to facilitate the broader application of these methods, drawing upon the example of disease control through badger vaccination.
Multifunctional Thermochromic Dye‐Integrated Hybrid Nanogenerators for Mechanical Energy Harvesting and Real‐Time IoT Sensing
Authors: Graham Sontyana Adonijah , Manchi Punnarao , Paranjape Mandar Vasant , Kurakula Anand , Kavarthapu Venkata Siva , Lee Jun Kyu , Yu Jae Su 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHybrid nanogenerators are advanced mechanical energy harvesters capable of simultaneously scavenging multiple types of energy. Additionally, thermochromic materials provide a practical and visually assessable method for real‐time temperature monitoring. In this report, a novel energy harvester and sensing patch (EHSP) is introduced, that utilizes combined piezoelectric and triboelectric effects to harvest mechanical energy efficiently. To optimize the EHSP, various energy harvester configurations are fabricated and tested, and the dielectric properties of triboelectric films are systematically investigated. These improvements are implemented to augment the overall energy harvesting capability. The thermochromic properties of the EHSP are also explored to enhance both the electrical performance and thermal responsiveness. The EHSP demonstrates the ability to generate maximum voltage and current outputs of 350 V and 20.4 µA, respectively. Moreover, it can detect temperature changes within seconds, making it suitable for both energy harvesting and sensing applications. The EHSP is tested in practical scenarios, proving its efficiency as an energy harvester and sensor for everyday human activities. Furthermore, its integration with multiple hybrid nanogenerators showcases its potential for industrial and wearable sensing applications.
Rational Design of Thick Electrodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries by Re‐Understanding the Relationship Between Thermodynamics and Kinetics
Authors: Fu Kang , Li Xueyan , Sun Kai , Zhang Zhuojun , Yang Haosong , Gong Lili , Qin Guangzhao , Hu Di , Li Tao , Tan Peng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTremendous efforts are made to enhance the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries, among which designing thick electrodes is a promising approach. Traditionally, kinetic effects are considered in constructing thick electrodes, such as decreasing the tortuosity to facilitate ion transport. This work innovatively investigates the coupling effect of kinetics and thermodynamics on electrode processes and conducts a competitive analysis between them by visualizing electrode processes. The results indicate that a sloping equilibrium potential curve facilitates the uniform utilization of electrodes, but severe kinetic constraints render the thermodynamic regulation ineffective. Thus, modifying the thermodynamic properties of the electrode to strengthen the regulatory effect is a promising approach. Kinetic constraints are the inherent factors limiting the capacity release of batteries. An in‐depth analysis reveals that ensuring the hybrid control of ions and electrons can significantly alleviate kinetic reaction heterogeneity. As a proof‐of‐concept, thick electrodes with vertical channels are constructed, enabling thermodynamics to regain dominance in the electrode process, ultimately achieving outstanding capacity retention of 63% at 4C. This work provides a more comprehensive perspective and represents a significant breakthrough in guiding electrode design to achieve a higher energy density.
Functional Modules Map of Unexplored Chemical Space: Guiding the Discovery of Giant Birefringent Materials
Authors: Tudi Abudukadi , Li Zijian , Xie Congwei , Baiheti Tuohetijiang , Tikhonov Evgenii , Zhang Fangfang , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFinding birefringent material with giant optical anisotropy is urgent for photonic applications. However, the application of existing birefringent materials is limited by restricted transparency wavelength or optical anisotropy. The process of trial and error is time‐consuming and inefficient in terms of resources, especially when compared to the vast design spaces for materials. The immense chemical space necessitates a high‐throughput approach for giant optical anisotropy materials design. Here, a full‐applied wavelength map of birefringent materials is constructed, from conventional visible expanding to ultraviolet and deep‐ultraviolet region by high‐throughput screening methods. And highlighted 579 materials birefringence exceeds the one of available commercial birefringent materials in corresponding regions. Significantly, 54 materials possess giant birefringence above 0.5 @1064 nm. Via developing a high‐throughput screening technique for microscopic structures with given coordination number, the study further characterizes a comprehensive map of functional modules featuring birefringent activeness. According to the macroscopic and microscopic dual‐functional maps, and a novel crystal Li2(HC3N3S3)∙5H2O with birefringence difference 0.532 @546 nm is designed and synthesized successfully. This study identifies desired materials with high performance in unheeded chemical spaces.
Ultrathin BSA‐Stabilized Black Phosphorous Nanoreactor Boosts Mild‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy Through Modulation of Cellular Self‐Defense Fate
Authors: Jia Guoping , Wu Qinghe , Hou Mengfei , Jiang Yifei , Yang Huizhen , Li Meng , Wu Xubo , Zhang Chunfu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMild‐temperature photothermal therapy (mild‐PTT, 42–45 °C) offers a higher level of biosafety. However, its therapeutic effects are compromised by the heat shock response (HSR), a cellular self‐defense mechanism, which triggers the overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) with the capacity of repairing the damaged tumor cells. Herein, this work fabricates a novel nanoreactor by incorporating up‐conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), chlorin e6 (Ce6), and glucose oxidase (GOx) onto the ultrathin black phosphorus nanosheet (BPNS) (denoted as GOx‐BUC). This nanoreactor amplifies mild‐PTT effects under irradiation with an 808 nm laser, modulating HSPs‐mediated cellular self‐defense fate. On one hand, upon irradiation with a 980 nm laser, UCNPs can transfer energy to excite Ce6, leading to the generation of ROS burst, which achieves indiscriminate damage to HSPs activity in deeper tumor tissues. On the other hand, GOx can consume glucose, thereby depleting the ATP energy supply and further suppressing HSPs expression. Consequently, GOx‐BUC exhibits excellent anti‐tumor efficacy under mild temperature in a human colorectal cancer mouse model, resulting in complete tumor inhibition with negligible side effects. This black phosphorous nanoreactor, featuring dual‐track HSPs destruction functionality, introduces novel perspectives for enhancing mild‐PTT effectiveness while maintaining high biosafety.
Stability and Electronic Properties of K‐Sb and Na‐Sb Binary Crystals from High‐Throughput Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Schier Richard , Guo Daniel , Saßnick Holger‐Dietrich , Cocchi Caterina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study of the fundamental properties of alkali antimonide photocathodes for particle accelerators is currently hindered by the limited purity of the samples. First‐principles studies can effectively complement experiments to gain insight into the stability and the electronic structure of these compounds. In this high‐throughput analysis based on density‐functional theory (DFT), two families of binary crystals with K‐Sb and Na‐Sb compositions expected to form during evaporation of multi‐alkali antimonide photocathodes are investigated. Starting from an initial pool of structures mined from existing computational databases, automatized routines included in the in‐house developed library aim2dat are employed to determine the stability and the electronic properties of the aforementioned systems. By analyzing the formation energy, the structures are ranked in a convex hull retaining the information of their crystalline arrangement. Next, the band structure and the projected density of states of selected stable compounds are analyzed. Adopting the r2SCAN functional for the DFT calculations, reliable estimates of the character and size of the bandgaps are obtained and discussed in relation to the relative alkali content in the crystals. These results provide useful indications to predict and characterize binary phases forming during the growth of multi‐alkali antimonide photocathodes.
Increased GluK1 Subunit Receptors in Corticostriatal Projection from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Contributed to Seizure‐Like Activities
Authors: Li Xu‐Hui , Shi Wantong , Zhao Zhi‐Xia , Matsuura Takanori , Lu Jing‐Shan , Che Jingmin , Chen Qi‐Yu , Zhou Zhaoxiang , Xue Man , Hao Shun , Xu Fang , Bi Guo‐Qiang , Kaang Bong‐Kiun , Collingridge Graham L. , Zhuo Min 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe corticostriatal connection plays a crucial role in cognitive, emotional, and motor control. However, the specific roles and synaptic transmissions of corticostriatal connection are less studied, especially the corticostriatal transmission from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Here, a direct glutamatergic excitatory synaptic transmission in the corticostriatal projection from the ACC is found. Kainate receptors (KAR)‐mediated synaptic transmission is increased in this corticostriatal connection both in vitro and in vivo seizure‐like activities. GluK1 containing KARs and downstream calcium‐stimulated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) are involved in the upregulation of KARs following seizure‐like activities. Inhibiting the activities of ACC or its corticostriatal connection significantly attenuated pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced seizure. Additionally, injection of GluK1 receptor antagonist UBP310 or the AC1 inhibitor NB001 both show antiepileptic effects. The studies provide direct evidence that KARs are involved in seizure activity in the corticostriatal connection and the KAR‐AC1 signaling pathway is a potential novel antiepileptic strategy.
Bmi‐1 Epigenetically Orchestrates Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Delay Bone Aging
Authors: Zhao Jingyu , Chen Ao , Wang Rong , Qiu Dong , Chen Haiyun , Li Jiyu , Zhang Jin'ge , Wang Tianxiao , Wang Yue , Lin Yujie , Zhou Jiawen , Du Yifei , Yuan Hua , Zhang Yongjie , Miao Dengshun , Wang Yuli , Jin Jianliang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the increase in the aging population, senile osteoporosis (SOP) has become a major global public health concern. Here, it is found that Prx1 and Bmi‐1 co‐localized in trabecular bone, bone marrow cavity, endosteum, and periosteum. Prx1‐driven Bmi‐1 knockout in bone‐marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) reduced bone mass and increased bone marrow adiposity by inhibiting osteoblastic bone formation, promoting osteoclastic bone resorption, downregulating the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and upregulating the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. However, Prx1‐driven Bmi‐1 overexpression showed a contrasting phenotype to Prx1‐driven Bmi‐1 knockout in BMSCs. Regarding mechanism, Bmi‐1‐RING1B bound to DNMT3A and promoted its ubiquitination and inhibited DNA methylation of Runx2 at the region from 45047012 to 45047313 bp, thus promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, Bmi‐1‐EZH2 repressed the transcription of Cebpa by promoting H3K27 trimethylation at the promoter region −1605 to −1596 bp, thus inhibiting the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. It is also found that Prx1‐driven Bmi‐1 overexpression rescued the SOP induced by Prx1‐driven Bmi‐1 knockout in BMSCs. Thus, Bmi‐1 functioned as a hub protein in the epigenetic regulation of BMSCs differentiation to delay bone aging. The Prx1‐driven Bmi‐1 overexpression in BMSCs can be used as an approach for the translational therapy of SOP.
Three‐step integrated process for isolation and purification of impurities in drug substance by recycling chromatography
Authors: Jin Guangxia , Wu Yuxue , Sang Jiarong , Wei Feng , Kang Ning 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis work reported the application of a twin‐column recycling chromatography system for the separation of three minor impurities in crude aloe‐emodin. The whole process went through three steps, each using a different mobile phase to separate corresponding impurity, which were integrated and automatically operated in a single device. Despite these impurities peaked closely in high‐performance liquid chromatography, they were successfully purified to a content exceeding 97%. In addition, the lab‐scale separation could reach the yields at the mg‐level. The high efficacy should be mainly attributed to the introduction of a small step solvent gradient between the upstream and downstream columns, which helped to counterbalance the band broadening. This report suggested that such an automated chromatographic system could provide fast and accurate separation of multiple impurities, allow the process of high‐throughput samples, and reduce the time required for purification and recovery of minor impurities in drugs.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among Colorado adults working outside the home: Occupation, race and ethnicity and mask use
Authors: Torok Michelle R. , White Alice E. , Jervis Rachel H. , Tran Amanda D. , Albanese Bernadette A. , Walter Elaine J. Scallan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe workplace is an important setting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) exposure and transmission. Using data from a large case–control study in Colorado during 2021 and 2022, we aimed to evaluate working outside the home and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, the racial and ethnic distribution of workers in occupations associated with infection, and workplace face mask use.MethodsCases were Colorado adults with a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) reported to Colorado's COVID‐19 surveillance system selected from surveillance data ≤12 days after their specimen collection date. Control participants were randomly selected adult Coloradans with a RT‐PCR‐confirmed negative SARS‐CoV‐2 test result reported to the same surveillance system.ResultsWorking outside the home was associated with infection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–1.54). Among participants working outside the home, “Food Preparation and Serving Related” (aOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.80–3.06), “Transportation and Material Moving” (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.62–2.69), “Construction and Extraction” (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.36–2.59), “Protective Service” (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.15–2.24), and “Sales and Related” (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.22–1.69) were occupational categories most strongly associated with infection. American Indian/Alaskan Native, Black, and Hispanic/Latino participants were more likely than others to work in occupational categories with the highest odds of infection (p < 0.05). Cases were less likely than controls to report always wearing a mask (31.9% vs. 41.5%) and wearing a KN95/N95/KF94 mask (16.8% vs. 27.2%) at work.ConclusionsThese findings emphasize the importance of occupation and workplace mask use in the COVID‐19 pandemic and its disproportionate racial/ethnic impact on workers.
Bridging the Diagnostic Gap for Hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders: Evidence of a Common Extracellular Matrix Fragmentation Pattern in Patient Plasma as a Potential Biomarker
Authors: Ritelli Marco , Chiarelli Nicola , Cinquina Valeria , Bertini Valeria , Piantoni Silvia , Caproli Alessia , Della Pina Silvia Ebe Lucia , Franceschini Franco , Zarattini Guido , Gandy Woodrow , Venturini Marina , Zoppi Nicoletta , Colombi Marina 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDiagnosing hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (hEDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD), common overlapping multisystemic conditions featuring symptomatic joint hypermobility, is challenging due to lack of established causes and diagnostic tools. Currently, the 2017 diagnostic criteria for hEDS are used, with non‐qualifying cases classified as HSD, although the distinction remains debated. We previously showed extracellular matrix (ECM) disorganization in both hEDS and HSD dermal fibroblasts involving fibronectin (FN), type I collagen (COLLI), and tenascin (TN), with matrix metalloproteinase‐generated fragments in conditioned media. Here, we investigated these fragments in patient plasma using Western blotting across diverse cohorts, including patients with hEDS, HSD, classical EDS (cEDS), vascular EDS (vEDS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and osteoarthritis (OA), and healthy donors, uncovering distinctive patterns. Notably, hEDS/HSD displayed a shared FN and COLLI fragment signature, supporting their classification as a single disorder and prompting reconsideration of the hEDS criteria. Our results hold the promise for the first blood test for diagnosing hEDS/HSD, present insights into the pathomechanisms, and open the door for therapeutic trials focused on restoring ECM homeostasis using an objective marker. Additionally, our findings offer potential biomarkers also for OA, RA, and PsA, advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in these prevalent joint diseases.