bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desempenho do pintado hí­­brido submetido a diferentes ní­­veis de proteí­­na
Authors: SOUZA Gilcler Alcino Sabaini de , SILVA Luciana Kimie Savay da , MACEDO Fernando Franceschini , LOPERA-BARRERO Nelson Mauricio , ABREU Janessa Sampaio de , SOUZA Felipe Pinheiro de , POVH Jayme Aparecido 
Published: February 2018

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do pintado hí­­brido (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x Leiarius marmoratus) submetido í­Â alimentação com 32% ou 40% de proteí­­na bruta (PB) na ração, analisando-se o desempenho, rendimento do peixe inteiro eviscerado, rendimento do filé e o í­­ndice gordura visceral. Foram estocados 108 peixes nas unidades experimentais, com peso inicial médio de 272,12 Â± 74,71 g (32% de PB) e 231,97 Â± 87,70 g (40% de PB). O perí­­odo experimental foi de 182 dias. O peso final, altura do corpo, largura do corpo, rendimento em peixe inteiro eviscerado e í­­ndice de gordura visceral diferiram (P<0,05) entre os tratamentos, apresentando valores de 1.016,63 g, 7,17 cm, 6,88 cm, 86,06% e 3,28% para o menor ní­­vel de proteí­­na, e 1.152,22 g, 7,67 cm, 7,27 cm, 84,44% e 4,81% para o maior ní­­vel de proteí­­na, respectivamente. O tratamento com 40% PB proporciona maior desempenho para o pintado hí­­brido. Todavia, este tratamento diminui o rendimento do peixe inteiro eviscerado e aumenta o acúmulo de gordura visceral.
Ração comercial e náuplios de Artemia congelados na primeira alimentação de larvas de curimatã-pacu
Authors: FERREIRA Andre Lima , SCHORER Marianne , PEDREIRA Marcelo Mattos , SANTOS Thaís Garcia , SAMPAIO Edson Vieira , SANTOS Jose Claudio Epaminondas dos 
Published: February 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar o fornecimento de náuplios de Artemia congelada, ração comercial e coalimentação com náuplios de Artemia congelada e ração comercial no desempenho produtivo e qualidade da água na larvicultura de curimatã-pacu Prochilodus argenteus. As larvas foram cultivadas durante 21 dias sob os seguintes tratamentos alimentares: 100F (100% ração comercial); 67F33A (67% de ração comercial e 33% de náuplios de Artemia congelada); 34F66A (34% de ração comercial e 66% de náuplios de Artemia congelada); e 100A (100% de náuplios de Artemia congelada). As larvas submetidas aos tratamentos alimentares não diferiram no desempenho, sobrevivência, peso, comprimentos total e padrão, fator de condição de Fulton e taxa de crescimento especí­­fico. O fornecimento de ração comercial aumentou as concentrações de amônia, prejudicando a qualidade da água, enquanto que o fornecimento de Artemia proporcionou baixas concentrações de amônia, parcialmente devido í­Â fácil limpeza. Portanto, pode-se empregar náuplios de Artemia congelados na larvicultura do curimatã-pacu.
Bioavailability of Phosphorus on Iron (Oxy)hydroxide Not Affected by Soil Amendment–Derived Organic Matter
Authors: Chase Andrew J. , Erich M. Susan , Ohno Tsutomu 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
Pre‐adsorbed organic matter on FeOOH was displaced by orthophosphate.
Bioavailability of P adsorbed onto FeOOH was not affected by organic matter.
Initial DOM leached from organic amendments is unlikely to increase soil P bioavailability.
Numerous studies have demonstrated that synthetic organic acids can affect phosphorus (P) solubility in soils and uptake by plants. However, few studies have examined the effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from carbon (C)‐rich soil amendments on P bioavailability. This study investigated how DOM extracted from crop residues, animal manures, and compost affected P adsorption onto iron (oxy)hydroxide (FeOOH) and its bioavailability using a plant bioassay. The results showed that pre‐adsorbed DOM significantly decreased P adsorption by 19%. However, the pre‐adsorbed DOM treatment did not significantly affect P uptake by tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘German Johnson’) plants in a 5‐wk agar‐culture bioassay. The results of these laboratory‐based studies suggest that the initial DOM leached from C‐rich soil amendments such as crop residues and animal manures is unlikely to affect soil P bioavailability because orthophosphate forms strong inner‐sphere bonds to the FeOOH and this DOM fraction does not.
Response of Sunflower to Nitrogen and Phosphorus in North Dakota
Authors: Schultz Eric , DeSutter Thomas , Sharma Lakesh , Endres Gregory , Ashley Roger , Bu Honggang , Markell Samuel , Kraklau Austin , Franzen David 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
Nitrogen availability and fertilization can increase sunflower see yield.Nitrogen fertilization may decrease oil concentration of oilseed sunflower.Nitrogen fertilization increases sunflower lodging risk in windy regions.
The N and P recommendations for sunflowers growers in North Dakota have not been changed in 30 yr. Twenty‐two N and P rate experiments were conducted during 2014 and 2015. The objective was to determine the response of seed yield, oil concentration, and lodging to available N and P. In 2014 studies were a randomized complete block split plot with N rate as main plots and P rate as subplots. Nitrogen was applied at rates of 0, 45, 90, 134, 179, and 224 kg N ha−1. Phosphorus was applied to establish P rates of 0, 13, 26, and 39 kg P ha−1. In 2015, the field design included only 0 and 26 kg P ha−1. Experiments were taken to yield and lodging was recorded at harvest. Oil seed sunflower (17 experimental locations) was also analyzed for oil concentration. The N response of sunflower seed yield was quadratic. Increased N rate resulted in lower oil concentration in half of the oilseed experiments. Increased N rate was linearly related to increasing lodging at several sites. Phosphate fertilization had little effect on seed yield, oil concentration, and lodging, despite many of the sites having soil P levels considered ‘low’. Future N rate recommendations should be based on seed yield response with increasing N and oil concentration reduction with increasing N for oilseed sunflower. A limit to maximum N rate should also be considered because of the lodging risk in this wind‐plagued region.
Wheat Growth as Affected by Combinations of Phosphate Dose and Patch Size
Authors: Lu Dianjun , Jiang Shangtao , Chen Xiaoqin , Wang Huoyan , Zhou Jianmin 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
We investigated response of wheat growth to different combinations of P‐patch size and dose.Heterogeneous supply of P outperformed its homogeneous supply in terms of yield.Optimal combinations of P‐patch size and dose realized highest wheat yield.
Heterogeneous supply of P generally confers a distinct advantage to crops. However, this advantage depends closely on the size of the heterogeneous patch and the dose of nutrients. This study investigated the combined effect of patch size and P dose on the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A pot experiment was conducted with five P‐rich patches by adding one P dose (P1, 100 mg) to varying fractions of soil volume [100% (V100), 20% (V20), 10% (V10), 5% (V5), no soil (V0)], and an additional three doses of P [P2 (300 mg); P3 (500 mg); P4 (1000 mg)] were added to the first two patch sizes. A heterogeneous supply of P outperformed a homogeneous supply in terms of yield in patch sizes V0 to V20 with the same dose of P (p < 0.05). Compared with V100, however, significant less dry matter was still observed in the early stages of crop growth when P fertilizer was mixed with V0. In heterogeneous P‐supply environments, wheat yield increased markedly with patch size up to V10 and then decreased by 11% in V20 at the P1 dose (p < 0.05). Increases in P doses to P4 in V20 consistently improved wheat yield and shoot P uptake compared with V10/P1. This may be mainly attributed to improved root length and mass density inside P‐rich patches. Hence, a suitable match between P‐rich patch size and the dose of P contributes to more efficient use of P and helps to realize greater yield.
A Modeling Framework to Evaluate the Impacts of Future Climate on Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics
Authors: Chu Maria , Guzman Jorge , Villamil Maria 
Published: February 2018

Soil organic C (SOC) is significantly affected by changes in climate that control the physical, chemical, and biological processes in the soil. Simulating the impacts of future climate on SOC is challenging due to the limited availability of soil and climate variables required to properly simulate future SOC dynamics. The main objective of this study was to develop a modeling framework to quantify the impacts of future climate on SOC dynamics. The framework was developed for the Model for Nitrogen and Carbon in Agro‐Ecosystems (MONICA) using the data collected from three University of Illinois Crop Science Research Centers. Projected precipitation and air temperature, collected from 32 global circulation models, were used to estimate the climate variables and cropping operation schedules required as inputs in MONICA. Six corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation scenarios were considered in the simulations. Results showed that the total SOC in the upper 30 cm of the soil was expected to decrease from 43 to 70% in 2015 to 2075, with an uncertainty range of 13 to 16% due to the variation in climate prediction. The SOC in corn–soybean rotation schemes did not vary significantly from that of continuous corn scheme. The ability of a model to simulate realistic results depends significantly on the reliability of input data used to parameterize the model. A methodology that comprehensively estimates the impacts of future climatic conditions on SOC allows for realistic model results that can be used as a basis for environmental options, leading to a sustainable agro‐production system.Core Ideas
Long‐term changes in SOC due to future climatic conditions were simulated.
The impacts of climate projections on SOC from 32 global circulation models were evaluated.
We studied the effects of corn–soybean rotations on SOC under changing climate.
We made a modeling framework to asses SOC dynamics under scenario‐based climate projections.
HÜKÜM UYUŞMAZLIĞINA BAŞVURU BİREYSEL BAŞVURU AÇISINDAN TÜKETİLMESİ GEREKEN BİR YOL MUDUR? (Anayasa Mahkemesi Kararı İncelemesi)
Authors: YEŞİL Ufuk 
Published: February 2018

2010 yılında
yapılan Anayasa değişikliğiyle birlikte temel hak ve özgürlüklerinin kamu gücü
kullanılarak ihlâl edildiğini düşünen kişilere, Anayasa Mahkemesine bireysel
başvuruda bulunabilme hakkı tanınmıştır. Ancak bu hakkın kullanımı bazı
şartların varlığına bağlıdır. Bu şartlardan birisi kanunlarda öngörülmüş olan
idari ve yargısal başvuru yollarının tüketilmesidir. Farklı yargı kollarına mensup
mahkemelerce verilen kararlar arasındaki çelişki nedeniyle hakkın yerine
getirilemediği durumlarda ortaya çıkan hüküm uyuşmazlığının çözümü için
Uyuşmazlık Mahkemesine başvuru da, bireysel başvuru açısından tüketilmesi
gereken yargısal yollardan birisidir ve bu yola müracaat edilmeden yapılacak
bireysel başvuru, başvuru yollarının tüketilmemesi nedeniyle reddedilecektir.&nbsp;
Idaaratu al Wahdah al Namthiyah li at Tathwiri al Tarbiyah al Islamiyah
Authors: Danusiri Ahmad 
Published: February 2018

Islam, through the Quran proclaims that its mission includes the teachings to the whole universe, Everything in the universe is maintained by Islam, and none of the symptoms is ignored. The revelations also include the traditions of the Prophet that are authentic (shahih) and good (hasan) in quality. Both the Quran and maqbulah hadiths are accepted by Muslims on the basis of faith. When some experts of UIN Walisongo from various disciplines try to understand the sacred words of these two resources, their understanding continues, reaching the paradigm of unity of science which essentially unites the the normative, social, and natural sciences.The effect of this paradigm has brought up an issue for the author. Is there any hadiths or Prophetic traditions that can be used as a grand theory in the management disciplines of Islamic educatio .To address this issue, the authors conducted a literature research with the title Development of Islamic Education Management Module. Sources of data were focused on nine books of Hadiths : Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih al-Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan at-Turmudzi, Sunan an-Nasai, Sunan Ibn Majah, Sunan ad-Darimi, Muwatta Malik, and Musnad Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal in the form of digital data Lidwa Reader i Software Book 9 Imam Hadith.The findings of the study stated that the meaning of the word Rabb includes: creating, nurturing, maintaining, teaching, educating, and organizing. Thus, in an academic term, the word Rabb implies a manager or leader. Meanwhile, in the concept of comprehensive manager it contains at least 14 nomenclature denotations: planning, responsibility, organization, coordination, system of employee payroll, learning, resources, humanity, principle of making it easier for the manager to the employee, motivated to achieve optimal performance, preventing unproductivity, education participation, institutional costs, monitoring and evaluation system. Each nomenclature has numerous hadiths that could serve as its grand theory. Thus, building elements of Islamic education management science have references of Prophet Muhammad SAW hadits so the final figure that was found was "prophetic educational management.
Abstraction in action: K-5 teachers' uses of levels of abstraction, particularly the design level, in teaching programming.
Authors: Waite Jane Lisa , Curzon Paul , Marsh William , Sentance Sue , Hadwen-Bennett Alex 
Published: February 2018

Research indicates that understanding levels of abstraction (LOA) and being able to move between the levels is essential to programming success. For K-5 contexts we rename the LOA levels: problem, design, code and running the code. Â In our qualitative exploratory study, we interviewed five K-5 teachers on their uses of LOA, particularly the design level, in teaching programming and other subjects. Using PCK elements to analyse responses we found our teachers used design as an instructional strategy and for assessment. Our teachers used design as an aide memoire and the expert teachers used design: as a contract for pair-programming; to work out what they needed to teach; for learners to annotate with code snippets (to transition across LOA); for learners to self-assess and to assess â€˜do-abilityâ€™. Teachers used planning in teaching writing to scaffold learning and promote self-regulation revealing their understanding of student understanding. One issue was of our teachers' knowledge of terms including algorithm and code; we propose a concept of â€˜emergent algorithmsâ€™. Our findings suggest design helps learners learn to program in the same way that planning helps learners learn to write and that LOA, particularly the design level, may provide an accessible exemplar of abstraction in action. Further work is needed to verify whether our results are generalisable more widely.
Influences of benzene or toluene on dechlorination of perchloroethene and trichloroethene in a simulated zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier
Authors: Chen Liang , Liu YuLong , Xia Fan , Liu Fei , Li Binghua 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Column studies were conducted to investigate the influence of benzene or toluene on the dechlorination of perchloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) in columns packed with zero-valent iron (ZVI) in order to simulate a permeable reactive barrier (PRB). Enhancive and inhibitive influences of benzene and toluene, respectively, on PCE and TCE reduction were observed within 10–80 pore volumes (PV) that flowed through the columns. However, such influences dissipated when the flow-through volume increased above 80 PV. The presence of benzene increased the mean dechlorination kobs of PCE and TCE by 7% and 6%, respectively; in contrast, the presence of toluene decreased the mean dechlorination kobs of PCE and TCE by 21% and 10%, respectively. We presumed that the more competitive adsorption between benzene and toluene in comparison to PCE and TCE on the ZVI particle surface might have caused the disparate influences. With a lower affinity for ZVI, benzene has no substantial influence on PCE and TCE adsorption on the ZVI particle surface. However, toluene has a higher affinity for ZVI and could compete with PCE and TCE by contacting the ZVI particle surface. Moreover, given benzene's higher polarity, it could also benefit electron transfer from ZVI to PCE and TCE.
Which appropriate framework to study and describe philanthropic foundations in Canada?
Authors: Lefèvre Sylvain , Fontan Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2018

L’article répond à une question centrale : quel cadre d’analyse serait le plus pertinent pour comprendre le secteur des fondations subventionnaires canadiennes ? Ils précisent d'abord les enjeux normatifs de cet exercice a priori simplement descriptif. Puis, afin de répondre à la question centrale, les auteurs présentent en premier lieu le secteur en utilisant les informations et cadres d'analyse de l'Agence du Revenu du Canada. Puis ils font son portrait en détaillant les rôles pris, et parfois formalisés théoriquement, par les fondations. Enfin, dans un troisième temps, les auteurs font usage des trois principaux cadres théoriques qu’ils ont recensés dans la littérature scientifique pour analyser les fondations. Les auteurs concluent l’article en analysant les interrelations, théoriques et pratiques, de ces trois grilles d'analyse.
Universidade popular no Brasil e relações étnico-raciais: o caso da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB)
Authors: Silva Maurício 
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo busca analisar como se configuram, no Brasil contemporâneo, as chamadas universidades populares - categoria que buscaremos aqui definir - e como se inserem, nesta categoria, as questões étnico-raciais, especialmente vinculadas ao processo de educação superior. Para ilustrar essa relação entre universidade popular e questões étnico-raciais, analisaremos o caso da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), verificando aspectos próprios dessa universidade, na correlação com as categorias acima referidas.
Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes: Clinical Markers of Insulin Resistance Are Associated With Altered Short- and Long-term Glycemic Response to DPP-4 Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Dennis John M. , Shields Beverley M. , Hill Anita V. , Knight Bridget A. , McDonald Timothy J. , Rodgers Lauren R. , Weedon Michael N. , Henley William E. , Sattar Naveed , Holman Rury R. , Pearson Ewan R. , Hattersley Andrew T. , Jones Angus G. 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE
A precision approach to type 2 diabetes therapy would aim to target treatment according to patient characteristics. We examined if measures of insulin resistance and secretion were associated with glycemic response to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor therapy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We evaluated whether markers of insulin resistance and insulin secretion were associated with 6-month glycemic response in a prospective study of noninsulin-treated participants starting DPP-4 inhibitor therapy (Predicting Response to Incretin Based Agents [PRIBA] study; n = 254), with replication for routinely available markers in U.K. electronic health care records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink [CPRD]; n = 23,001). In CPRD, we evaluated associations between baseline markers and 3-year durability of response. To test the specificity of findings, we repeated analyses for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (PRIBA, n = 339; CPRD, n = 4,464).

RESULTS
In PRIBA, markers of higher insulin resistance (higher fasting C-peptide [P = 0.03], HOMA2 insulin resistance [P = 0.01], and triglycerides [P &lt; 0.01]) were associated with reduced 6-month HbA1c response to DPP-4 inhibitors. In CPRD, higher triglycerides and BMI were associated with reduced HbA1c response (both P &lt; 0.01). A subgroup defined by obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and high triglycerides (≥2.3 mmol/L) had reduced 6-month response in both data sets (PRIBA HbA1c reduction 5.3 [95% CI 1.8, 8.6] mmol/mol [0.5%] [obese and high triglycerides] vs. 11.3 [8.4, 14.1] mmol/mol [1.0%] [nonobese and normal triglycerides]; P = 0.01). In CPRD, the obese, high- triglycerides subgroup also had less durable response (hazard ratio 1.28 [1.16, 1.41]; P &lt; 0.001). There was no association between markers of insulin resistance and response to GLP-1 receptor agonists.

CONCLUSIONS
Markers of higher insulin resistance are consistently associated with reduced glycemic response to DPP-4 inhibitors. This finding provides a starting point for the application of a precision diabetes approach to DPP-4 inhibitor therapy.
Differential Association of Microvascular Attributions With Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Long Duration of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Gordin Daniel , Harjutsalo Valma , Tinsley Liane , Fickweiler Ward , Sun Jennifer K. , Forsblom Carol , Amenta Peter S. , Pober David , D’Eon Stephanie , Khatri Maya , Stillman Isaac E. , Groop Per-Henrik , Keenan Hillary A. , King George L. 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE
Independent association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been established. In the Joslin 50-Year Medalist study, characterizing individuals with type 1 diabetes for 50 years or more, we examined the associations of CKD and PDR with CVD, which was validated by another cohort with type 1 diabetes from Finland.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study characterized U.S. residents (n = 762) with type 1 diabetes of 50 years or longer (Medalists) at a single site by questionnaire, clinical, ophthalmic, and laboratory studies. A replication cohort (n = 675) from the longitudinal Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane) was used. CKD and PDR were defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;45 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD stage 3b) and according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol, respectively. CVD was based on questionnaires and/or hospital discharge registers. Associations of CVD status with CKD and PDR were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS
CVD prevalence in the Medalists with CKD and without PDR (+CKD/−PDR) (n = 30) and CVD prevalence in the −CKD/+PDR group (n = 339) were half the prevalence in the +CKD/+PDR group (n = 66) (34.5% and 42.8% vs. 68.2%, P = 0.002). PDR status was independently associated with CVD (odds ratio 0.21 [95% CI 0.08–0.58], P = 0.003) in patients with CKD. Among the Finnish cohort, a trend toward a lower prevalence of CVD in the +CKD/−PDR group (n = 21) compared with the +CKD/+PDR group (n = 170) (19.1% vs. 37.1%, P = 0.10) was also observed.

CONCLUSIONS
Absence of PDR in people with type 1 diabetes and CKD was associated with a decreased prevalence of CVD, suggesting that common protective factors for PDR and CVD may exist.