bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncontrolled asthma and its risk factors in adult Chinese asthma patients
Authors: Zhong Nanshan , Lin Jiangtao , Zheng Jinping , Lai Kefang , Xie Canmao , Tang Ke-Jing , Huang Mao , Chen Ping , Wang Changzheng 
Published: September 2016

Background: Asthma affects a large number of patients in China, but relatively little is known about asthma management among Chinese patients. This study aims to estimate asthma control rate among adult Chinese patients and to identify predictors associated with uncontrolled asthma. Methods: A total of 4125 asthma patients aged ⩾17 years and representing all regions of mainland China except Tibet were surveyed. Asthma control status was assessed using the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and classified as controlled (ACT score ⩾ 20) and uncontrolled (ACT score ⩽ 19). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify predictors associated with uncontrolled asthma from the factors including demographics, rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, and treatment adherence. Results: Asthma was controlled in 44.9%, and uncontrolled in 55.1% of the study participants. High rates of uncontrolled asthma were found in patients with treatment nonadherence (77.3%), poor adherence (66.2%), no schooling (64.8%), or obesity (62.9%). The risk of uncontrolled asthma was much higher in the treatment nonadherence group than the complete adherence group [odds ratio (OR) = 4.55 (3.68–5.62), p < 0.001]. Other predictors for uncontrolled asthma included concomitant rhinitis [OR = 1.31 (1.14–1.50), p < 0.001], obesity [OR = 1.31 (1.05–1.64), p = 0.019], asthma duration > 3 years [OR = 1.22 (1.07–1.39), p = 0.004] and age ⩾ 45 years [OR = 1.23 (1.07–1.41), p = 0.004]. Conclusions: About half of the participants in this study had uncontrolled asthma. Treatment nonadherence is one of the significant predictors, which is very strongly associated with uncontrolled asthma. Efforts should be prioritized to promote patients’ treatment adherence to improve asthma control while attention is needed on rhinitis or obesity.
Comparison of Three Total Ankle Replacement Systems Done at a Single Facility
Authors: Coetzee J. Chris , Petersen Daryle , Stone Rebecca M. 
Published: September 2016

Background. Ankle replacement surgery is an established and accepted way to treat end stage ankle arthritis. Though there are multiple publications looking at results with various ankle replacement systems, most of them are single implant longitudinal studies from a single institution. There are, however, no prospective randomized studies evaluating the outcomes of different total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) systems; in fact, there are no comparative studies at all. Methods. The comparative results of 3 different total ankle systems (INBONE, STAR, and Salto Talaris) were evaluated. All the TAA system implants were performed at a single institution from 2007 to 2011. The data were evaluated by authors completely independent from the study institution. The goal was to look at the results in an objective, noninstitution perspective. Results. At minimum 2-year follow-up there is no statistical difference in outcomes scores or functional tests between the INBONE, STAR, or Salto Talaris, with all 3 TAA systems resulting in statistically significant improvement of all parameters since baseline. Conclusions. This is the first study that compares the results of 3 different total ankle replacement systems done at a single institution over the same period of time. Even though it is not a randomized study, it gives a valuable perspective of the short-term results. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
Small Intestinal Glucose Delivery Affects the Lowering of Blood Glucose by Acute Vildagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wu Tongzhi , Zhang Xiang , Trahair Laurence G. , Bound Michelle J. , Little Tanya J. , Deacon Carolyn F. , Horowitz Michael , Jones Karen L. , Rayner Christopher K. 
Published: September 2016

Context:
The rate of gastric emptying is an important determinant of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and may influence the magnitude of glucose lowering by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin (VILD), during intraduodenal (ID) glucose infusion at 2 different rates within the physiological range of gastric emptying, in type 2 diabetes.

Participants and Design:
A total of 16 diet-controlled type 2 diabetic patients were studied on 4 separate days in double-blind, randomized, fashion. On each day, either 5-mg VILD or placebo (PLBO) was given 60 minutes before a 120-minute ID glucose infusion at 2 or 4 kcal/min (ID2 or ID4). Plasma glucose and hormones were measured frequently.

Results:
Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, total GIP, and total and intact GLP-1 concentrations were higher during ID4 than ID2 (P &lt; .01 for each). Compared with PLBO, VILD was associated with higher intact GLP-1, insulin, and C-peptide and lower glucose and total GIP and GLP-1 (P &lt; .01 for each), without affecting glucagon. There were significant interactions between the rate of ID glucose and VILD treatment on plasma glucose, intact and total GLP-1, and GIP (P &lt; .05 for each) but not insulin, C-peptide, or glucagon. The reduction in glucose and the increment in intact GLP-1 after VILD vs PLBO were 3.3- and 3.8-fold greater, respectively, during ID4 compared with ID2.

Conclusions/Interpretation:
These observations warrant further study to clarify whether type 2 diabetic patients with relatively more rapid gastric emptying have greater glucose lowering during treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors.
Restructuring Charges, FAS 146, and the Accrual Anomaly
Authors: Bhojraj Sanjeev , Sengupta Partha , Zhang Suning 
Published: September 2016

In this study, we examine the role of restructuring charges in the existence and subsequent weakening of the widely documented accrual anomaly. We find that prior to 2003, the significant positive abnormal hedge returns experienced by accrual based strategies were influenced by a subset of firms with high restructuring charges. After 2003, with the introduction of the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 146 changing the accounting for restructuring charges, restructuring firms no longer experience significant abnormal returns, thereby weakening the accrual anomaly. Our results suggest that the regulatory changes have had an effect on impairing the role of restructuring charges in the accrual anomaly by improving the market’s ability to correctly assess the valuation implications of restructuring charges in the low accruals portfolios. This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
Biomass production and nitrogen balance of naturally afforested silver birch (<i>Betula pendula</i> Roth.) stand in Estonia
Authors: Aosaar Jürgen , Mander Ülo , Varik Mats , Becker Hardo , Morozov Gunnar , Maddison Martin , Uri Veiko 
Published: September 2016

Silver birch ( Roth.) is one of the main pioneer tree species occupying large areas of abandoned agricultural lands under natural succession in Estonia. We estimated aboveground biomass (AGB) dynamics during 17 growing seasons, and analysed soil nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) dynamics for 10 year period in a silver birch stand growing on former arable land. Main N fluxes were estimated and nitrogen budget for 10-year-old stand was compiled. The leafless AGB and stem mass of the stand at the age of 17-years were 94 and 76Â MgÂ ha respectively. The current annual increment (CAI) of stemwood fluctuated, peaking at 10 Mg ha yr at the age of 15 years; the mean annual increment (MAI) fluctuated at around 4â5 Mg ha. The annual leaf mass of the stand stabilised at around 3 Mg ha yr. The stand density decreased from 11600 to 2700 trees ha in the 8- and 17-year-old stand, respectively. The largest fluxes in N budget were net nitrogen mineralization and gaseous N-N emission. The estimated fluxes of NO and N were 0.12 and 83 kg ha yr, respectively; N leaching was negligible. Nitrogen retranslocation from senescing leaves was approximately 45 kg ha, N was mainly retranslocated into stembark. The N content in the upper 0â10 cm soil layer increased significantly (145 kg ha) from 2004 to 2014; soil C content remained stable. Both the woody biomass dynamics and the N cycling of the stand witness the potential for bioenergetics of such ecosystems.Betula pendulaâ1â1â1â1â1â1â1222â1â1â1â1
Oblivious RAM
Authors: Chang Zhao , Xie Dong , Li Feifei 
Published: September 2016

Many companies choose the cloud as their data and IT infrastructure platform. The remote access of the data brings the issue of trust. Despite the use of strong encryption schemes, adversaries can still learn valuable information regarding encrypted data by observing the data access patterns. To that end, one can hide the access patterns, which may leak sensitive information, using Oblivious RAMs (ORAMs). Numerous works have proposed different ORAM constructions, but they have never been thoroughly compared against and tested on large databases. There are also no open source implementation of these schemes.
These limitations make it difficult for researchers and practitioners to choose and adopt a suitable ORAM for their applications. To address this issue, we provide a thorough study over several practical ORAM constructions, and implement them under the same library. We perform extensive experiments to provide insights into their performance characteristics with respect to efficiency, scalability, and communication cost.
BLAST
Authors: Simonini Giovanni , Bergamaschi Sonia , Jagadish H. V. 
Published: September 2016

Identifying records that refer to the same entity is a fundamental step for data integration. Since it is prohibitively expensive to compare every pair of records, blocking techniques are typically employed to reduce the complexity of this task. These techniques partition records into blocks and limit the comparison to records co-occurring in a block. Generally, to deal with highly heterogeneous and noisy data (e.g. semi-structured data of the Web), these techniques rely on redundancy to reduce the chance of missing matches.
Meta-blocking is the task of restructuring blocks generated by redundancy-based blocking techniques, removing superfluous comparisons. Existing meta-blocking approaches rely exclusively on schema-agnostic features.

In this paper, we demonstrate how "loose" schema information (i.e., statistics collected directly from the data) can be exploited to enhance the quality of the blocks in a holistic
loosely schema-aware
(meta-)blocking approach that can be used to speed up your favorite Entity Resolution algorithm. We call it B
last
(Blocking with Loosely-Aware Schema Techniques). We show how B
last
can automatically extract this loose information by adopting a LSH-based step for efficiently scaling to large datasets. We experimentally demonstrate, on real-world datasets, how B
last
outperforms the state-of-the-art unsupervised meta-blocking approaches, and, in many cases, also the supervised one.
Teaching Genetics: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Smith Michelle K , Wood William B 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGenetics teaching at the undergraduate level has changed in many ways over the past century. Compared to those of 100 years ago, contemporary genetics courses are broader in content and are taught increasingly differently, using instructional techniques based on educational research and constructed around the principles of active learning and backward design. Future courses can benefit from wider adoption of these approaches, more emphasis on the practice of genetics as a science, and new methods of assessing student learning.
Músculo extensor anómalo de la mano: “Extensor digitiforme brevis manus”
Authors: Martínez Martínez Francisco , Moreno Fernández José Manuel , García Hortelano Salvador , Rotella Pablo Sabino 
Published: September 2016

<p><strong><span>INTRODUCCION</span></strong></p><p><span>El extensor digitorum brevis manus es un músculo anómalo en dorso de muñeca y mano. Suele presentarse como una masa indolora que aumenta con la extensión de muñeca y dedos, siendo el diagnóstico clínico difícil; la Ecografía y Resonancia ayudan al diagnóstico y a distinguirlo de tumores. El objetivo es una revisión bibliográfica y presentar los resultados de casos clínicos de esta patología.</span></p><p><strong><span>MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS</span></strong></p><p><span>Se realizó un estudio longitudinal con 3 pacientes que presentaban EDBM, con seguimiento completo hasta el alta y controles posteriores.</span></p><p><strong><span>RESULTADOS</span></strong></p><p><span>En los tres casos se realizó resección completa del EDBM, sin complicaciones y volvieron a sus actividades asintomáticos.</span></p><p><strong><span>DISCUSCION</span></strong></p><p><span>La primera referencia aparece en 1743. Es un músculo aberrante con baja prevalencia. Puede coexistir con otras variaciones anatómicas; consiste en un fascículo que proporciona un tendón extensor al dedo índice, denominándose Extensor <em>indicis brevis</em>; otras formas es la aparición del músculo en la mitad cubital de la mano y su inserción en cuarto y quinto tendón extensor. </span></p><p><span>Se presentan una masa, habitualmente indolora, en dorso de mano y muñeca. La existencia del EDBM ha permitido su uso como colgajo para reconstruir lesiones tendinosas.</span></p><p><strong><span>CONCLUSION</span></strong></p><p><span>El EDBM es un músculo anómalo encontrado con poca frecuencia. El diagnóstico viene por la historia clínica, exploración física y el estudio de imagen ( siendo la RNM la más útil). El diagnóstico diferencial es difícil, puede presentar las características de otras patológias, siendo necesario el estudio histológico. El tratamiento es la resección quirúrgica con resultados satisfactorios.</span></p><p> </p>
SPORE MORPHOLOGY OF POLYPODIUM ALEUTICUM A.E. BOBROV (POLYPODIACEAE) AND RELATED SPECIES
Authors: Shalimov A. P. , Shmakov A. I. 
Published: September 2016

<p>Spores of type specimens of <em>Polypodium aleuticum</em> A.E. Bobrov are studied by SEM-method. The morphology of the spores has been studied and described for comparative purposes. The results showed characteristic features of <em>P. aleuticum</em> exospores different from <em>P. glycyrrhiza</em> D.C. Eaton, which gives the basis for acknowledgment the independence of the investigated species. <strong><em></em></strong></p>
МЕТАБОЛІЗМ МЕТАЛІВ У ГІПОКАМПІ ТА РОЛЬ ЦИНКУ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗІ ЕПІЛЕПТИФОРМНИХ СУДОМ
Authors: Kuchkovsky O. M. 
Published: September 2016

<p>Physiological mechanisms of convulsions status during epilepsy or episindrom significantly different from the mechanisms, which were describe for other disorders associated with glutamatergic system, such as schizophrenia (a decrease of glutamate in neurons and increased dopaminergic load), drug addiction and alcoholism (the formation of endogenous opioids and dopamine, strengthening the role of GABA-ergic system).</p><p>With glutamatergic transmission are сconnect not only convulsive state, but also the realization of higher integrative functions. Therefore, the development of epilepsy, particularly which caused glutamate, implemented by activating Zn-ergic hippocampal neurons, associate with complex changes in human mental functions. Based on a scientific literature about of the role of chelating zinc in the mechanisms of glutamatergic transmission, we can suggest it participation in the mechanisms of formation of epilepsy convulsions.</p><p>In experience on animals, was show that in the animal organism of stressing correlative changes observe zinc content and secretory material in the hippocampus, Paneth cells and B cells of pancreas. The nature of the changes depend on the stressor. When this change of zinc content in the hippocampus and hypothalamus (as the main regulator of stress reaction) were multidirectional that this can be explained by the release of metal together with secretory material in the hypothalamus into the bloodstream. Research epileptic activity of hippocampus by administering to the animal chelate 8 BSQ allowed to establish the dependence between convulsant action and first stress condition of the animal. Evocation of stress by 8-BSQ and physical activity, immobilization and alcohol abuse found that the convulsive effect of this reagent during intravitreal research increased in the case of prior exposure by specified kinds of stressors. In this pre-convulsive effect on exertion increased by 266% and the zinc content was increased by 75%; in the case of pre-immobilization duration of seizures increased by 206% and the zinc content - 50%; in the case of pre-alcoholization duration of seizures increased by 234%, and a chelating zinc content - 75%. These results suggest a chelating zinc epileptiform participate in the mechanisms of seizures and, possibly, the development of mechanisms of temporal lobe epilepsy (hippocampal). The results of studies of zinc changes in central and peripheral organs of zinc-containing simulated at different functional states allow us to make the assumption that there is a common mechanism for coordination of functional activity as the hippocampus and other zinc-containing bodies with the help of changes in the chelating zinc metabolism, regulation is carried out by means of the hippocampus.</p>
NEW CHRYSOMELIDAE (COLEOPTERA) SPECIES FOR THE FAUNA OF TIGIREKSKY NATURE RESERVE (NORTH-WESTERN ALTAI, RUSSIA)
Authors: Guskova E. V. , Kuftina G. N. 
Published: September 2016

<p class="a">Nine species of Chrysomelidae are reported for the fauna of Tigireksky Nature Reserve (North-Western Altai, Russia) for the first time. At present, the Chrysomelidae fauna of Tigireksky Nature Reserve includes 127 species belonging to 45 genera. </p>
ВПЛИВ МІКРОЕЛЕМЕНТІВ НА НАКОПИЧЕННЯ КАРОТИНОЇДІВ ДЕЯКИМИ ШТАМАМИ БАЗИДІОМІЦЕТІВ
Authors: Velygodska A. K. , Fedotov O. V. 
Published: September 2016

<p>The effect of microelements on growth and accumulation of carotenoids highly productive strains of basidiomycetes at surface cultivation on glucose-peptone medium was investigated. The objects of research are 3 wood destroying strain. There are <em>Laetiporus sulphureus</em> (Bull.) Murrill Ls-08, <em>Fomes fomentarius</em> (L.) Fr. Ff-1201 from the order <em>Polyporales</em> and <em>Fistulina hepatica</em> (Schaeff.) Sibth Fh-18 from the order <em>Agaricales</em>. Research materials are strains mycelium and culture filtrate (CF). Absolutely dry biomass (ADB) mycelium was determined by the gravimetric method, the content of carotenoids was determined by spectrophotometric method in acetone extracts of the Vetshteyn formula. Established individual influence of microelements on the accumulation of biomass and carotenoids of basidiomycetes strains. The possibility of the regulation of these processes by introducing into the glucose-peptone medium of various Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and Mn sulphate. So, the best to increase the intensity of the growth processes and the accumulation of carotenoids strain of<em> L. sulphureus</em> Ls-08 is an experimental environment which includes Zn sulfate in a concentration of 8 mmol/L. To induce the accumulation of ADB and carotenoids in the mycelium and CF of strain <em>F fomentarius</em> Ff-1201 making in is expedient Mn sulfate in a concentration of 1.6 mmol/L. To improve carotenogenesis of <em>F. hepatica</em> Fh-18 strain expedient entry in GPM Mn sulphate at concentration of 8 mmol/L. These allow to optimize the concentration of microelements in nutrient medium for the cultivation of carotenoids high-producing strains of Basidiomycetes.</p><p align="left"> </p>
Modeling of Spin Injection and Spin Transport Properties in Organic and Inorganic Semiconductors
Authors: Ruden P. P. , Albrecht J. D. , Smith D. L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSpin polarized charge carrier injection and transport in non-magnetic semiconductors is a key enabling mechanism for spin based electronic data processing. We present theoretical models to describe spin injection and spin transport in structures consisting of a ferromagnetic metal injector, a thin semiconductor layer, and a ferromagnetic metal collector. The semiconductors considered are conjugated polymers (e.g. PPV), small-molecule organic molecular crystals (e.g. pentacene), and inorganic semiconductors (e.g. silicon). In thermal equilibrium the charge carriers in these semiconductors are not spin polarized. Efficient spin injection requires that the semiconductor be driven far out of local thermal equilibrium. Since carrier mobilities (and other relevant parameters) in polymers, organic molecular crystals, and inorganic semiconductors differ by many orders of magnitude, their charge carrier injection characteristics differ significantly.
High-Temperature Operation of Pentacene Field-Effect Transistors with Polyimide Gate Insulators
Authors: Sekitani Tsuyoshi , Iba Shingo , Kato Yusaku , Noguchi Yoshiaki , Someya Takao , Sakurai Takayasu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe have fabricated pentacene field-effect transistors (FETs) on polyimide-sheet films with polyimide gate dielectric layers and parylene encapsulation layer, and investigated the high-temperature performance. It is found that the mobility of encapsulated FETs is enhanced from 0.5 to 0.8 cm2/Vs when the device is heated from room temperature to 160°C under light-shielding nitrogen environment. Furthermore, after the removal of annealing temperatures up to 160°C, the transistor characteristic of mobility and on/off current ratio show no significant changes, demonstration the excellent thermal stability of the present organic FETs.
Molecular Dielectric Multilayers for Ultra-Low-Voltage Organic Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Yoon Myung-Han , Facchetti Antonio , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractVery thin (2.3 – 5.5 nm) self-assembled organic dielectric multilayers have been integrated into organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) structures to achieve sub-1 V operating characteristics. These new dielectrics are fabricated via layer-by-layer solution phase deposition of molecular silicon precursors, resulting in smooth, nanostructurally well-defined, strongly-adherent, thermally stable, virtually pinhole-free, organosiloxane thin films having exceptionally large electrical capacitances (400-700 nFcm-2). These multilayers enable OTFT function at very low source-drain, gate, and threshold voltages, and are compatible with a broad variety of vapor- or solution-deposited p- and n-channel organic semiconductors.
Electroluminescence Spectral Imaging in Polymer Blend Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Takada Noriyuki , Tsutsumi Kiyohiko , Kamata Toshihide 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe spectral imaging for electroluminescence (EL) characterization in the light emitting diode (LED) based on blends of poly[2,7-(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene)] (PFO) and poly[2,7-(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene)-alt-(1,4-phenylene-((4-sec-butylphenyl)amino)-1,4-phenylene) ] (TFB) was performed using the two dimensional imaging micro-spectroscopy system. We found that EL spectral images varied with increasing applied voltages. The origin for such variation of EL spectral images will be discussed in this report.