bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blepharoplasty with a Buried Double Twisted Suture Technique to Correct Upper Eyelid Epiblepharon
Authors: Choi Seung Woo , Goldberg Robert A. , Lew Helen 
Published: April 2016

Background:
The authors evaluated the clinical efficacy of blepharoplasty using a newly developed, buried double twisted suture (BDTS) technique to correct upper eyelid epiblepharon.

Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted from October 2013 to July 2015 at the Oculoplastic Clinic, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea. A total of 122 eyes from 61 patients with upper eyelid epiblepharon were enrolled. Blepharoplasty with a BDTS technique was performed on all eyes, followed by evaluation of clinical outcomes and complications. After surgery, success was defined as the persistence of a double eyelid and the upper eyelid eyelashes not touching the cornea under slit lamp examination.

Results:
The 61 patients were composed of 29 females and 32 males. The average age was 9.0 ± 7.7 years, and the average follow-up period was 7.3 ± 5.2 months. After surgery, the margin reflex distance increased from 2.0 ± 1.0 to 3.2 ± 0.9 mm (P < 0.05). The success rate was 98.1%. Epiblepharon recurred in 1 patient (1.9%) and was treated after 2 months. Knot exposure was a postoperative complication in 2 patients (3.8%). The knots were buried in the deep layer under local anesthesia. Overall, all cases showed good results without complications.

Conclusions:
Blepharoplasty with a BDTS technique is relatively simple and effective for correction of epiblepharon with a low rate of complications. This technique can be applied to double eyelid surgery based on the excellent cosmetic outcomes.
Impact of Physical Inactivity on Risk of Developing Cancer of the Uterine Cervix: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Szender James Brian , Cannioto Rikki , Gulati Nicolas R. , Schmitt Kristina L. , Friel Grace , Minlikeeva Albina , Platek Alexis , Gower Emily H. , Nagy Ryan , Khachatryan Edgar , Mayor Paul C. , Kasza Karin A. , Lele Shashikant B. , Odunsi Kunle , Moysich Kirsten B. 
Published: April 2016

Objective
In this study, we investigated whether physical inactivity was associated with risk of cervical cancer in women treated at an American cancer hospital.

Methods
This case-control study included 128 patients with cervical cancer and 512 controls matched on age. Controls were women suspected of having but not ultimately diagnosed with a neoplasm. Physical inactivity was defined in accordance with the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Thus, participants reporting, on average, no moderate or vigorous recreational physical activity were classified as inactive. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Compared with noncancer controls, those with cervical cancer had significantly increased odds of reporting abstinence from recreational physical activity (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.56–3.80). No association was noted between occupational-related physical inactivity and cervical cancer (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.58–1.36).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that abstinence from regular recreational physical activity is associated with increased odds of cervical cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first US-based study examining these associations. Given the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, this study has identified yet another potential public health benefit to regular physical activity. Further investigation is needed using a larger sample and prospectively collected data to characterize dose of activity to mitigate risk and the optimal window of susceptibility.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up of Children Treated With Peginterferon and Ribavirin for Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Haber Barbara , Alonso Estella , Pedreira Alejandra , Rodriguez‐Baez Norberto , Ciocca Mirta , Lacaille Florence , Lang Thomas , Gonzalez Teresita , Goodman Zachary , Yang Zijiang , Jackson Beth , Noviello Stephanie , Albrecht Janice K. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to describe the 5‐year follow‐up of children who received peginterferon and ribavirin in a global, open‐label study.Methods:A 5‐year follow‐up study of 107 children and adolescents ages 3 to 17 years with chronic hepatitis C virus infection who received peginterferon and ribavirin for 24 or 48 weeks. No drugs were administered during follow‐up.Results:Ninety‐four patients were enrolled in the long‐term follow‐up portion of the study; the median duration of follow‐up was 287 weeks (range, 73–339). Of 63 patients with sustained virologic response who were enrolled, 54 completed 5 years of follow‐up; none had relapse in the 5‐year follow‐up period. Significant decreases in height z scores were observed during treatment. The effect of treatment on height z score was larger in patients treated for 48 weeks compared with those treated for 24 weeks (mean change from baseline to the end of treatment was −0.13 [P < 0.001] and −0.44 [P < 0.001] in the 24‐ and 48‐week treatment groups, respectively). Among patients treated for 24 weeks, full recovery of height z scores to baseline was observed by 1 year of follow‐up, whereas only partial recovery was observed during 5 years of follow‐up in patients treated for 48 weeks (mean change from baseline to the final follow‐up visit was −0.16 (P = NS) and −0.32 (P < 0.05) in the 24‐ and 48‐week treatment groups, respectively). Similar patterns were observed for weight and body mass index z scores.Conclusions:Impairment of growth should be considered when assessing the risk‐benefit profile of peginterferon/ribavirin therapy in children with hepatitis C virus infection. In deciding to treat children with chronic hepatitis C virus, considerations should include both deferring treatment in patients during optimal growth periods, and the possibility that interferon‐free regimens may be available to children in the next 5 to 10 years.
Savary Dilation Is Safe and Effective Treatment for Esophageal Narrowing Related to Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Al‐Hussaini Abdulrahman 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Data on management of esophageal narrowing related to eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in children are scanty. The aim of the present study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of esophageal dilation in pediatric EoE from the largest case series to date.Methods:Children diagnosed with EoE during 2004 to 2015 were reviewed for the presence of esophageal narrowing. Esophageal narrowing was categorized as short segment narrow caliber, long segment narrow caliber, and single short stricture. The characteristics of the narrowed esophagus, therapeutic approach, clinical outcome, and complications were reviewed.Results:Of the 50 EoE cases diagnosed during the study period, 11 cases (9 boys; median age 9 years, range 4–12) were identified with esophageal narrowing (22%). Six had short segment narrow caliber esophagus and 5 had long segment narrow caliber esophagus (median length of the narrowing was 4 cm, range 3–20 cm). Three cases with narrow caliber esophagus also had esophageal stricture 2 to 3 cm below the upper esophageal sphincter. Nineteen dilation sessions were performed in 10 cases using Savary dilator. Esophageal size improved from median 7 mm to median 13.4 mm. Good response was obtained in all cases. Following the dilation procedure, longitudinal esophageal mucosal tear occurred in all cases without esophageal perforation or chest pain.Conclusions:Esophageal dilation using Savary dilator is safe and highly effective in the management of esophageal narrowing related to EoE in children. Dilation alone does not improve the inflammatory process, and hence a combination with dietary or medical intervention is required.
Sniffing Out Paediatric Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: Buijck Martin , Berkhout Daniel J.C. , de Groot Evelien F.J. , Benninga Marc A. , van der Schee Marc P.C. , Kneepkens Corneille Marie Frank , de Boer Nanne K.H. , de Meij Tim G.J. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe diagnostic work‐up and follow‐up of paediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders and organic conditions usually includes invasive tests, carrying a high burden on patients. There is a place, therefore, for novel, noninvasive disease‐specific biomarkers. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), originating from (patho)physiological metabolic processes in the human body, are excreted as waste products through all conceivable bodily excrements. The spectrum of VOCs harbours a magnificent source of information, with the potential to serve as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers and to monitor disease activity. VOC analysis has been studied in children and infants with a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, liver diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis and infectious diarrhoea. Most of these studies, although limited in sample size, show that patients can be discriminated from controls based on their VOC profiles, underscoring the potential of VOC analysis in diagnosis and follow‐up. Currently, however, the application of VOC analysis in clinical practice is limited; substantial challenges, including methodological, biological, and analytical problems, still need to be met. In this review we provide an overview of the available literature on the potential of VOCs as biomarkers for paediatric gastrointestinal diseases. We discuss the available techniques to analyse VOCs and provide topics for VOC‐related research, which need to be addressed before VOC diagnostics can be implemented in daily clinical practice.
Exploratory Investigation of Early Biomarkers for Chronic Fatigue in Prostate Cancer Patients Following Radiation Therapy
Authors: Feng Li Rebekah , Wolff Brian S. , Lukkahatai Nada , Espina Alexandra , Saligan Leorey N. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Fatigue is one of the most debilitating adverse effects of cancer therapy. Identifying biomarkers early during cancer therapy may help us understand the biologic underpinnings of the persistence of fatigue following therapy.

Objective:
We aimed to identify early biomarkers of fatigue by examining correlations of levels of cytokines during external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with persistence of fatigue 1 year following treatment completion in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (NM-PC).

Methods:
A sample of 34 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer scheduled to receive EBRT were followed up at baseline (T1), midpoint of EBRT (T2), and 1 year following EBRT (T3). Demographic and clinical data were obtained by chart review. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Fatigue was administered to measure fatigue levels. Plasma cytokine levels were determined at T1 and T2 using the Bio-Rad Bio-Plex Cytokine Assay Kits.

Results:
Significant correlations were observed between levels of interleukin 2 (IL-3), IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-16, interferon γ–induced protein 10, interferon α2, interferon γ, and stromal cell–derived factor 1α at T2 with worsening of fatigue from T1 to T3.

Conclusions:
Immunological changes prior to chronic fatigue development may reflect the long-term response to radiation therapy–induced damage.

Implications for Practice:
Early biomarkers for chronic fatigue related to cancer therapy will help advance our understanding of the etiology of this distressing symptom and will help nurses identify patients at risk of developing chronic fatigue after cancer treatment. This information will also aid in patient education, as well as symptom management.
Clinical Correlates of Planned and Unplanned Suicide Attempts
Authors: Chaudhury Sadia R. , Singh Tanya , Burke Ainsley , Stanley Barbara , Mann J. John , Grunebaum Michael , Sublette M. Elizabeth , Oquendo Maria A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Suicide attempters differ in the degree of planning for their suicide attempts. The purpose of this study was to identify differences between individuals who make planned (≥3 hours of planning) and unplanned (<3 hours of planning) suicide attempts. Depressed suicide attempters (n = 110) were compared based on degree of planning of their most recent suicide attempt on demographic and clinical variables. Participants who made planned suicide attempts were more likely to have family history of completed suicide, more severe and frequent suicidal ideation, greater trait impulsivity, and greater suicidal intent and more severe medical consequences for both their most recent and most serious suicide attempts. These results suggest clear clinical differences based on the degree of suicide attempt planning. Severe suicidal ideation, high suicide intent, family history of suicide completion, and high levels of motor impulsivity contribute to a phenotype that is at greater risk of planned, highly lethal suicide attempts.
Transcriptional bursting explains the noise-versus-mean relationship in mRNA and protein levels
Authors: Dar Roy D. , Schaffer Sydney M. , Dey Siddarth S. , Foley Jonathan E. , Singh Abhyudai , Razooky Brandon S. , Arkin Adam P. , Schafer David V. , Simpson Michael L. , Raj Arjun , Weinberger Leor S. 
Published: April 2016

Recent analysis (Dey et al, 2015), demonstrates that the HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeat (HIV LTR) promoter exhibits a range of possible transcriptional burst sizes and frequencies for any mean-expression level. However, these results have also been interpreted as demonstrating that cell-to-cell expression variability (noise) and mean are uncorrelated, a significant deviation from previous results. Here, we re-examine the available mRNA and protein abundance data for the HIV LTR and find that noise in mRNA and protein expression scales inversely with the mean along analytically predicted transcriptional burst-size manifolds. We then experimentally perturb transcriptional activity to test a prediction of the multiple burst-size model: that increasing burst frequency will cause mRNA noise to decrease along given burst-size lines as mRNA levels increase. The data show that mRNA and protein noise decrease as mean expression increases, supporting the canonical inverse correlation between noise and mean.Conflict of InterestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Vasculogenesis Potential of Mesenchymal and Endothelial Stem Cells Isolated from Various Human Tissues
Authors: Rohban Rokhsareh , Etchart Nathalie , Pieber Thomas R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNeo vessel formation can be initiated by co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC). The two adult stem cell types can be isolated and expanded from a variety of tissues to be used for regenerative applications pro-angiogenesis.Here we performed a systematic study to evaluate the neo-vasculogenesis potential of MSC and ECFC isolated from various human tissues. MSC were isolated, purified and expandedin vitrofrom umbilical cord (UC) and umbilical cord blood (UCB), white adipose tissue (WAT), bone marrow (BM), and amniotic membrane of placenta (AMN).ECFC were isolated from UC and UCB, WAT and peripheral blood (PB). ECFC and MSC and were co-transplanted admixed with extracellular matrix (Matrigel®) at a ratio of 5:1 to immune-deficient NSG mice, subcutaneously. The transplants were harvested after two weeks and the state of vessel formation and stability in the explants were investigated using immune-histochemical methods. The number of created micro-vessels was quantified using Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining followed by image J quantification.Results showed that ECFC and MSC possess variable capacity in contributing to neo-vasculogenesis. WAT and UCB-derived ECFC and WAT, UCB and BM-derived MSC are most potent cells in terms of neo-vessel formationin vivo. UC-derived ECFC and AMN-derived MSC have been shown to be least potent in contributing to neo-vasculogenesis. This variability might be due to variable phenotypes, or different genetic profiles of MSC and ECFC isolated from different tissues and/or donors.The findings might give an insight into better regenerative strategies for neo-vessel formationin vivo.
The periplasmic sensing domain ofVibrio fischerichemoreceptor protein A (VfcA): cloning, purification and crystallographic analysis
Authors: Salah Ud-Din Abu Iftiaf Md , Roujeinikova Anna 
Published: April 2016

Flagella-mediated motility and chemotaxis towards nutrients are important characteristics ofVibrio fischerithat play a crucial role in the development of its symbiotic relationship with its Hawaiian squid hostEuprymna scolopes. TheV. fischerichemoreceptor A (VfcA) mediates chemotaxis toward amino acids. The periplasmic sensory domain of VfcA has been crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using polyethylene glycol 3350 as a precipitating agent. The crystals belonged to space groupP1, with unit-cell parametersa = 39.9,b= 57.0,c= 117.0 Å, α = 88.9, β = 80.5, γ = 89.7°. A complete X-ray diffraction data set has been collected to 1.8 Å resolution using cryocooling conditions and synchrotron radiation.
Institutional inertia in a changing climate
Authors: Taylor Anna 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to present an investigation of the climate adaptation planning and implementation process undertaken by the municipal government of Cape Town, South Africa, situating the findings within the broader literature on governance-related barriers to adaptation.Design/methodology/approach– By developing an in-depth case study using methods of organizational ethnography, the research traces phases of climate adaptation planning and implementation in Cape Town. Applied thematic analysis surfaces issues of coordination, decision-making, resource constraints and tracking progress as key constraints to urban climate adaptation.Findings– While considerable progress has been made on developing a citywide climate adaptation plan for Cape Town, implementation is constrained by poor monitoring and feedback within and between departments and a lack of oversight and impetus from central authorities within the government hierarchy.Research limitations/implications– Further research is needed on the interface between technical and political decision-making, governance arrangements that facilitate coordination and iterative adjustment and the organizational uptake of externally commissioned work on climate adaptation.Practical implications– The paper points to the need for a climate adaptation coordination function situated higher up in the municipal government structure than the environment department to implement, monitor, evaluate and revise measures to reduce climate risks and vulnerabilities citywide.Originality/value– The paper is of value to those seeking to understand local government decision-making, as it pertains to climate adaptation and those looking for means to address climate risks and vulnerabilities in cities, especially in South Africa.
Securing well-being with the advent of climate hazards
Authors: Chia Eugene Loh , Tiani Anne Marie , Sonwa Denis Jean , Perez-Teran Alba Saray , Tchatchou Berenger 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine the contribution of forests resource systems to the different aspects of community well-being, the implications of climate variability on the different sources of well-being and further identifies direct and indirect social and policy opportunities relevant for communities to enhance their capabilities in the face of climate variability and change in the Tri-National de la Sangha landscape of Cameroon.

Design/methodology/approach
– It illustrates on data collected from focus group discussions and from 151 households randomly selected in three villages to operationalize the conceptual links between community well-being and vulnerability.

Findings
– The study shows that vulnerability to climate change interferes with community strategies to achieve well-being, in addition to non-climatic processes which are both internal and external to communities. The study further indicates that healthy forest ecosystems provide opportunities for the local folks to build assets, improve food security, improve health and reduce risks. However, this requires capacity building and the channeling of resources to the local level, in addition to win–win sectoral policy amendments.

Research limitations/implications
– Biophysical methods required to complement community perceptions on the suitability of forest resource systems to climate variability.

Practical implications
– This paper argues that appropriate strategies which aim at improving well-being needs to capture the role of forest ecosystems, climate change risks and uncertainty and macroeconomic and social processes.

Originality/value
– This study contributes to the literature on the relationship between climate risk and the well-being of forest communities. This is relevant for practitioners and policy makers to reflect on the risk of climate change and the rationale for conserving forest resources for community well-being in the post-2015 Millennium Development Goals conclusions.
Organisational communication on climate change
Authors: Gonzalez Gonzalez Jose Maria , Zamora Ramírez Constancio 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to analyse how the components of the institutional context and the adoption patterns of business practices determine the approach to carbon reporting used by organisations.Design/methodology/approach– Drawing on the New Institutional Sociology theory, this paper analyses, compares and interprets the results of the cases of four large Spanish companies which operate in different organisational fields and therefore they are subject to different institutional pressures. The results of these case studies illustrate the different approaches to carbon reporting used by organisations.Findings– The theoretical proposal of this paper establishes that the components of the institutional context (regulative, normative and cognitive), along with the adoption pattern used by organisations to control their carbon emissions (substantive or symbolic), contribute to determining their approach to carbon reporting (outside-in, inside-out, twin-track and isolated).Originality/value– The approaches to reporting and the adoption patterns have been considered independently in the previous literature, paying also scarce attention to the components of the institutional context that can have an influence on the approach to reporting used by organisations to share their environmental information. This paper contributes to bridge this gap, and its results can be of interest for supporting the decisions of policymakers, managers of organisations and society in general.