bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Odontogenic Cysts by Endonasal Endoscopic Techniques: A Systematic Review and Case Series
Authors: Marino Michael J. , Luong Amber , Yao William C. , Citardi Martin J. 
Published: January 2018

Background Odontogenic cysts and tumors of the maxilla may be amendable to management by endonasal endoscopic techniques, which may reduce the morbidity associated with open procedures and avoid difficult reconstruction. Objective To perform a systematic review that evaluates the feasibility and outcomes ofendoscopic techniques in the management of different odontogenic cysts. A case series of our experience with these minimally invasive techniques was assembled for insight into the technical aspects of these procedures. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was used to identify English-language studies that reported the use of endoscopic techniques in the management of odontogenic cysts. Several medical literature data bases were searched for all occurrences in the title or abstract of the terms “odontogenic” and “endoscopic” between January 1, 1950, and October 1, 2016. Publications were evaluated for the technique used, histopathology, complications, recurrences, and the follow-up period. A case series of patients who presented to a tertiary rhinology clinic and who underwent treatment of odontogenic cysts by an endoscopic technique was included. Results A systematic review identified 16 case reports or series that described the use of endoscopic techniques for the treatment of odontogenic cysts, including 45 total patients. Histopathologies encountered were radicular (n = 16) and dentigerous cysts (n = 10), and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (n = 12). There were no reported recurrences or major complications for a mean follow-up of 29 months. A case series of patients in our institution identified seven patients without recurrence for a mean follow-up of 10 months. Conclusion Endonasal endoscopic treatment of various odontogenic cysts are described in the literature and are associated with effective treatment of these lesions for an average follow-up period of >2 years. These techniques have the potential to reduce morbidity associated with the resection of these lesions, although comparative studies would better define specific indications.
GABRIEL GARCÍA MÁRQUEZ’S USE OF NARRATIVE AND LITERATURE TO PORTRAY HUMAN SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Manyarara Barbara C. 
Published: January 2018

Critical examinations of sexualities in Gabriel García Márquez’s work have often been metaphoric in nature and intended to highlight the experience of colonial oppression and other embedded postcolonial experiences. The current article refers to five selected works to situate García Márquez’s work in lived experience as opposed to allegory. The focus is on the concrete realities of such key issues as prostitution and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. The representations of specific sexual practices in their social contexts and drawn from the five novels discussed clarify this aspect of García Márquez’s work, an aspect that has been largely silenced. The article examines previously unremarked-upon concerns such as brothel life, legal issues versus social practice, the link between labour and capital, child commercial sexual exploitation (including by women), the lack of social safety nets, ‘risky’ sex and sexually transmitted infections and the absence of serious reflection on HIV and AIDS. The reflections on prostitution and child exploitation are placed at the core of the present analysis to counteract the more recent common dismissal of some of García Márquez’s works as pornographic. Through a vigorous analysis of the selected works, the article offers a complex and shifting take on the traditional views of García Márquez’s apparent championing of sexual freedom.
DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS IN BELL HOOKS' BONE BLACK
Authors: Lento Mzukisi J. 
Published: January 2018

This article investigates the shifts in the concept of double consciousness as depicted in bell hooks’ Bone black (1996). According to du bois, the idea of ‘double consciousness’ refers to being both black and American. In du boisian understanding, double consciousness refers to a condition of being black and American in which ‘one ever feels his two-ness – an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings’ (du bois 1989, 5). Bell hooks agrees with this view but she also revises the concept in order to take on board the fact that black women have other experiences in addition to double consciousness in America (hooks 1996).
IN SEARCH OF DESIRED SELVES: CONSTRUCTIONS OF SELF-IDENTITIES IN BARACK OBAMA'S DREAMS FROM MY FATHER AND NELSON MANDELAS LONG WALK TO FREEDOM
Authors: Mwapangidza Solomon 
Published: January 2018

In this article I use barack obama’s Dreams from my father: a story of race and inheritance (hereafter to be referred to as Dreams from my father)and Nelson Mandela’s Long walk to freedom to demonstrate hall’s (1996, 4) view that identities are about ‘... using the resources of history, language and culture in the process of becoming rather than being,’ meaning to say that they are not a fixed essence, but a process, always being constructed and deconstructed in response to the cultural and historical circumstances in which the subject finds himself. this theory rejects the claim that a life narrative is an uncontaminated story of one’s personal history and life. I argue that obama’s and Mandela’s identities take shape in response to the challenges of the duo’s respective cultures and societies. both men deploy narrative towards political ends: obama uses it to resolve questions of his origins as well as to launch his political career while Mandela uses it mainly to justify and uphold already existing but seemingly contradictory public images of himself as a militant revolutionary and peacemaker.
VOICES FROM THE WILDERNESS: ZIMBABWEAN DIASPORA LITERATURE AN EMERGING CATEGORY
Authors: Bachisi Ivan , Manyarara Barbara C. 
Published: January 2018

This article draws attention to the existence and emergence of a body of fictional works produced on Zimbabwe’s Diaspora between the years from 2000 to 2014. It is the contention of the article that these literary works represent an emerging category within the general canon of Zimbabwean literature called Zimbabwean Diaspora literature. Through the application of existing conceptual and theoretical frameworks based on key characteristics of diasporic writings, the article concludes that Zimbabwean Diaspora literature is in its embryonic stage of development since it typically exhibits not only the common features attributed to diasporic writings, but it also possess the characteristic features often ascribed to a young diaspora. The article does not attempt to offer a rule of thumb definition of Zimbabwean Diaspora literature, for the simple reasons that Zimbabwean Diaspora literature is still very much in its infancy; it is a canon of literary works still growing steadily; still establishing its form, message, primary ideologies and identities. Thus, to offer a prescriptive or restrictive label to define the discourse is subjective and premature. It would be a travesty against the artistic enterprise as it only serves to stifle the creative imagination of the artist and to curtail the objective insights of the literary critic. In essence, therefore, the article seeks to draw attention to, rather than limit understanding of, this literary discourse called Zimbabwean Diaspora literature. However, there are features and characteristics exhibited by said literary discourse which have guided and informed the understanding of the article as to what constitutes Zimbabwean Diaspora literature.
EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION: AN ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Erasmus B J , Grobler A , Van Niekerk M 
Published: January 2018

Talent retention and employee turnover are major concerns for higher education institutions (HEIs) because they are losing highly qualified staff to the private sector and to other HEIs that are able to offer better rewards and benefits. The turnover of talented staff is therefore a major concern for the institution under investigation. The retention and voluntary turnover decisions among a workforce of 4Â 651 employees was thus investigated. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted by means of the objective analysis of organisational data in combination with the structured questionnaire (organisational climate survey). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyse the data across demographic groups, including age, employment category (academic as well as professional and support), etc. The results indicated that the institutionâ€™s turnover rate was acceptable (4.34%) and that dysfunctional turnover was marginal because employees with below-standard performance ratings had voluntarily resigned. Positive correlations and significant beta (b) values were reported between Organisational citizenship, Leadership, My manager and Compensation and the employeesâ€™ intent to stay in or to leave the organisation. These organisational climate factors were found to explain approximately 30 per cent of the variance in the employeesâ€™ intent to stay in or to leave the organisation. The article recommends that a talent retention tool be developed. In addition, it contributes to the literature on retention and turnover of high-performing employees, as it underscores the importance of measuring employee turnover
THE ROLE OF PROVERBS IN THE SETSWANA JUDICIAL SYSTEM: A FOCUS ON CONFLICT RESOLUTIONS IN THE KGOTLA SETTING IN BOTSWANA
Authors: Gadilatolwe N S 
Published: January 2018

Proverbs are part of people’s language, and the oral culture in particular. According to different definitions seen within the academic discourse, proverbs are sayings or expressions that teach some manners that are acceptable within a society. Proverbs teach these manners by guiding, rebuking, warning and admonishing the unwanted behaviours. Setswana proverbs are still used and enjoyed by some of the native Batswana, but it is evident from the rate of usage that they are no longer used frequently and efficiently as one would expect. It seems however, that elders who participate in kgotla sittings are most likely to use proverbs because they are familiar with their usage. This article therefore, assesses the functions of the Setswana proverb in conflict resolutions in some dikgotla in Botswana villages to determine the role they play and their level of usage in the modern judicial system.
RESTORING OWÃ‰ TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE: A TECHNOLOGICAL JOURNEY OF RECLAMATION
Authors: Ola-Busari J 
Published: January 2018

This article narrates the paradoxical and ambivalent role of technology in the erosion and restoration of traditional life of the OwÃ© people of Okun-Yoruba of Kogi State of Nigeria. It starts with background information of the OwÃ© people and the description of their traditional knowledge, based on their cultural practices and values.Â The second section demonstrates how modernization and the advent of radio and television erode their traditional life and the consequent loss of indigenous knowledge among the younger generations. A third section traces how the loss of indigenous knowledge is gradually being restored through modern technology.Â Using the OwÃ© Forum on Facebook and other activities, the efforts of the OwÃ© people of all generations at restoring their cultural values and affirming their identity are highlighted. The article concludes by illustrating how these efforts are leading to revitalization, preservation, documentation and intellectualization of OwÃ© traditional knowledge and culture.
FOLKLORE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON HOMOPHOBIC BEHAVIOUR IN THE ZULU CULTURE: A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF UMAMBA KAMAQUBA
Authors: Masuku N 
Published: January 2018

This article argues that South African society is not receptive to gays and lesbians although South Africa is regarded as the country that has the most liberal constitution, especially when it comes to gay and lesbian rights. The rejection could be ascribed to various factors such as the socialisation of individuals. Young boys and girls are raised to understand that their destiny is to get married and bear children. In Zulu society, unmarried people are stigmatised by name-calling. There is a lot of research that has been undertaken on homosexuality and lesbianism. Mkasi (2013) discussed homosexuality amongst izangoma. Ngcobo (2007) undertook this study to describe the difficulties faced by homosexual students, their perception and understanding of social discrimination. The socio-cultural theory has been applied to re-enforce the argument. This research article highlights the argument that folklore in the form of folktales are used as a conduit to socialise the growing mind to accept that everyone is destined to marry and bear children. Anybody who deviates from this set of norms should be ostracised and punished.Â Such deep-rooted perceptions contribute to homophobia and violence against gays and lesbians.Â
OUTSMARTING APARTHEID: An Oral History of United States–South Africa Cultural and Educational Exchange, 1960–1999
Authors: Whitman Dan 
Published: January 2018

Outsmarting Apartheid is an oral history of educational and cultural exchange programs conducted by the United States Government with citizens of South Africa during the apartheid period. The “OA” collection, published in one volume by the University Press of the State University of New York in April of 2014, conveys the stories of those who administered the programs, as well as those who benefitted, during three troubled decades of South African history. The exchanges involved some 2-3000 participants during a dark period of social unrest and institutionalized injustices. Quietly in the background, U.S. diplomats and their South African colleagues bent rules and stretched limits imposed by the apartheid regime. Collectively they played cat-and-mouse games to outsmart the regime through conniving and bravado. The author’s year as executive director of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training (Arlington, Virginia), 2006-07, provided a methodology and archiving structure forming the basis of the interviews, conducted over a two-year period in the United States and South Africa. There was little optimism at the time for South Africa’s political or social future during the 1960-1990 period. After Nelson Mandela’s release from prison in 1990 and during his presidency of 1995-99, the country discovered rich cadres from within, of intellectuals, artists, journalists, scientists, and political leaders prepared to take on the task of constructing the New South Africa. In no small measure, these exchange programs contributed to the quick and sudden realization of suppressed wishes and aspirations for a majority of South Africa’s citizens -- of all ethnic and racial backgrounds.
Friar Amaral Bernardo Amaral’s translation of the Bible into Gitonga (Mozambique 1984-2014)
Authors: Da Silva Fernando Caldeira 
Published: January 2018

Even if Mozambique has only Portuguese as the official language there are many languages spoken in the country. That is the case of the Gitonga spoken in the Inhambane region about “470 km” north of Maputo. The Bible Society of Mozambique has supported the bible translation to serve the Tonga people in their own language Gitonga. This task has been undertaken by Franciscan friar Amaral Bernardo Amaral since 1984 and is still on its course. This article will address the case of the historical episode by the son of a Methodist pastor, converted to Catholicism who is translating the bible into Gitonga with the support auspices of the Mozambican Bible Society.As part of the methodology used to collect the data to inform this article I interviewed Friar Amaral Bernardo Amaral while in his work with the team he leads to translate the bible. Further research was conducted surveying a few online portals over the Internet as well as some telephonic interviews to certify the various elements conducive to the realization of the project.
THE PLEASURES AND SORROWS OF CZECH ORAL HISTORY (1990â€“2012)
Authors: MÃ¼cke Pavel 
Published: January 2018

This article gives the general contours of the way in which Oral History was established as a discipline in the Czech Republic. Important events and key institutions are mentioned, as well as individuals interested in the research ofÂ ontemporary history, and in the popularisation of the recent past through oral history. Significant projects (both academic and non-academic) are described. Attention is paid to the thematic, historical, and methodological aspects of these projects, and the way in which other scholars and the media have reacted to these projects is discussed.
Lessons from IJR’s Schools’ Oral History Project, 2004 – 2010
Authors: Esau Cecyl 
Published: January 2018

The institute for Justice and Reconciliation works in post-conflict societies guided by its vision to establish fair, democratic and inclusive societies on the African continent. It seeks to do so through four programmes one of which is the Building an Inclusive Society where the Schools’ Oral History (SOHP) is located.In pursuit of the above a variety of processes are explored within formal educational curricula as well as community-wide appreciation of multiple-perspectives as well as multiple-voices that will contribute democratization of local historical consciousness and documentation.Educators and learners are assisted to explore the notions about the construction and production of history; the methodological approaches to the oral history process, and the various ways in which the oral history research could be presented.The IJR’s oral history project has conducted projects in five provinces.A number of provisional lessons are: (1) Older and younger project members from diverse communities are eager to acquire new skills and knowledge in understanding and making contributions to their communities; (2) Project participants enjoyed to engage the ‘other’ in safe spaces; (3) Local government structures seemed interested to participate but in many instances were overwhelmed by their core business of service delivery; (4) One of the ways to stimulate the interest in and development of local history could be to start platforms where aspects of local history could be explored across historical divides.
SUPER ROMA AS A NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Mudyiwa Mischeck 
Published: January 2018

Ever Â sinceÂ the Â publication Â of Â Shako's Â (2006) Â pioneering Â study Â on Â Super Roma, Â the movement has become a subject of serious sustained research at the University of Zimbabwe. This present article explores and examines the impact of Super Roma theology on traditional Christian theology and practice. It specifically investigates the extent to which Super Roma theology contradicts, corrects or clarifies traditional Christian theology and practice. The main argument developed in this article is that, whilst it may be true that Super Roma theology may have something new to offer theologians, it presents a number of areas of potential clash with traditional mainstream Christianity- particularly in its interpretation of concepts such as creation, original sin, reincarnation and exorcism, among others. The article also argues that as a movement that is backed by some Roman Catholic priests and nuns, the factors favouring the expansion of Super Roma are more significant than the factors that threaten its existence.
THE Ê½SINGING FREEDOMÊ¼ EXHIBITION: PAINFUL HISTORIES, COLLECTIVE MEMORIES AND PERCEPTIONS OF FREEDOM
Authors: Tichmann Paul , Galant Shanaaz 
Published: January 2018

This article discusses the research conducted in order to prepare the â€˜Singing Freedom: Â Music Â and Â the Â struggleÂ againstÂ apartheidâ€™,Â whichÂ was Â launched at the Iziko Slave Lodge Museum in Cape Town in March 2014. As part of this research, interviews were conducted with various musicians and other stakeholders involved with 'struggle songs' specifically and freedom songs more generally. The interview questions were informed by the current discourses and scholarship around collective memory and trauma.
Guerrilla warfare and the environment in Southern Africa: Impediments faced by ZIPRA and Umkhonto Wesizwe.
Authors: Chakawa Joshua , Nyawo-Shava V Z 
Published: January 2018

Zimbabwe Peoples’ Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) was the armed wing of Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) which waged the war to liberate Zimbabwe. It operated from its bases in Zambia between 1964 and 1980. Umkhonto Wesizwe (MK) was ANC’s armed wing which sought to liberate South Africa from minority rule. Both forces (MK and ZIPRA) worked side by side until the attainment of independence by Zimbabwe when ANC guerrillas were sent back to Zambia by the new Zimbabwean government. This paper argues that the failure of ZIPRA and Umkhonto Wesizwe to deploy larger numbers of guerrillas to the war front in Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia) and South Africa was mainly caused by bio-physical challenges. ZAPU and ANC guerrillas faced the difficult task of crossing the Zambezi River and then walking through the sparsely vegetated areas, game reserves and parks until they reached villages deep in the country. Rhodesian and South African Defense Forces found it relatively easy to disrupt guerrilla movements along these routes. Even after entering into Rhodesia, ANC guerrillas had environmental challenges in crossing to South Africa. As such, they could not effectively launch protracted rural guerrilla warfare. Studies on ZIPRA and ANC guerrilla warfare have tended to ignore these environmental problems across inhospitable territories. For the ANC, surveillance along Limpopo River and in Kruger National Park acted more as impediments than conduits. ANC also had to cope with almost all challenges which confronted ZIPRA guerrillas such as the Zambezi, Lake Kariba and various parks which Rhodesians always used as a first line of defense but had a geographically difficult task in South Africa where the environment was not attractive for a guerrilla warfare.
A STORY OF RESISTANCE: â€˜CONCERNED SOCIAL WORKERSâ€™
Authors: Schmid Jeanette , Sacco ThÃ©rÃ¨se 
Published: January 2018

Â The story of Concerned Social Workers (CSW), a progressive South African anti-apartheid social work organisation active in the 1980s and early 1990s, provides important lessons in social work activism in situations of inequality and injustice. This article describes the context in which CSW emerged, the raison dâ€™Ãªtre of the organisation, and activities in which the group engaged. Reflected through a qualitative study, members remember their CSW activism as shaping both their personal and professional identities. They suggest that CSW made an important contribution to the South African social work landscape. A record of this social work engagement provides younger social workers with inspiration to become social agents in a time where injustice continues to prevail and prompts older social workers to become energised and confront any complacency.