bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hollow Pontic: Technique for Load Reduction on Edentulous Segment
Authors: Dixit Shweta , Singh Ajay 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
As in the field of dentistry, there have been several advances to provide a quality service. The occlusal forces applied to a fixed denture prosthesis (FDP) are transmitted to the supporting structures through the pontic, connectors and retainers. Span length, occlusion, bone loss, and quality of periodontium may be affected by the durability of an FDP and its abutment. Technique of hollow pontic is used for extensive loss of tissue in the pontic area, dense porosity free casting, porcelain cracking prevention on cooling. The present report depicts, such a case where a hollow pontic was given in a FDP.

How to cite this article
Dixit S, Singh A. Hollow Pontic: Technique for Load Reduction on Edentulous Segment. J Health Sci Res 2015;6(1):22-24.
A Case of Cleft Hypoplastic Maxilla corrected by Single-stage Lefort 1 Osteotomy to improve Esthetics and Function
Authors: Christopher Pradeep , Gughan Bala , Devadoss Poorna , Krishnamurthy Naveen H 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Among the congenital anomalies, cleft lip and palate take about 14% of the total population; among them, unilateral cleft lip and palate is predominant than bilateral. Cleft lip correction preceding the cleft palate is usually done within a gap of 3 years. Due to the wide median palatal cleft, a perfectly performed Langenbeck pushback closures can leave behind persistent oronasal fistulas during the healing process, due to which severe scarring of palatal mucosa takes place. Secondary alveolar grafting is a procedure performed irrespective of the age for persistent oronasal fistulas. Further closure of nasal and palatal fistula with intervening bone graft is always successful but can compromise the growth of maxilla resulting in hypoplasia. In one such case of a failed secondary alveolar grafting, a Lefort 1 advancement alone was done not only to improve the facial esthetics but also function. This paper discusses in detail the comprehensive surgical procedure performed.

How to cite this article
Christopher P, Gughan B, Devadoss P, Krishnamurthy NH. A Case of Cleft Hypoplastic Maxilla corrected by Single-stage Lefort 1 Osteotomy to improve Esthetics and Function. J Health Sci Res 2015;6(1):25-27.
Jakten på helsefremmende faktorer i epidemiologisk forskning: Eksempler fra Helseundersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT)
Authors: Holmen Jostein , Espnes Geir Arild , Håpnes Odd , Rangul Vegar , Svebak Sven , Sørensen Torgeir , Theorell Töres 
Published: July 2016

Epidemiologisk forskning har tradisjonelt hatt fokus på å studere utbredelsen av sykdommer, risikofaktorer ogårsaksfaktorer, og med forebygging som et hovedmål. Forskning på helsefremming har som hensikt å undersøkehvilke faktorer som er vesentlige for å styrke helsa til enkeltmennesker og befolkninger, og undersøkehvilke ressurser som kjennetegner mennesker og samfunn som utmerker seg med god helse. Kunnskapen fraforsking om helsefremmende faktorer skal brukes til å styrke folks helse og mestringsfølelse, enten de iutgangspunktet er friske eller syke. Det er derfor vesentlige forskjeller på både tenkning og empiri knyttet tilhelsefremming sammenlignet med forebygging. Helsefremming er i dag blitt en viktig innfallsvinkel tilhelseutfordringer verden over, og i helsefremmende arbeid er politiske beslutninger og policyarbeid en viktigdel av prosessene. Men helsefremmende tenkning har enda ikke fått ordentlig fotfeste innen epidemiologien. Målet med denne artikkelen er å beskrive mulighetene for å finne ny kunnskap om helsefremmende faktoreri norske befolkningsdatabaser, med Helseundersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT) som et eksempel. I HUNT er det allerede samlet ei rekke helsefremmende faktorer, som fysisk aktivitet, kosthold, sans forhumor, sosial kapital, livssyn og deltakelse i kulturaktiviteter, og flere studier er publisert. Opplevelse avsammenheng (sense of coherence) og engasjement er andre viktige helsefremmende faktorer. Sammenhengenmellom musikk og helse har vært kjent lenge, og ei rekke studier har vist både nevrologiske, hormonelle,immunologiske, psykiske og sosiale effekter av musikk. Også for flere av de andre helsefremmende faktoreneer det beskrevet biologiske effekter, og to oppfølgingsstudier av sans for humor har vist tydelig effekt pådødelighet. Konklusjonen er at epidemiologiske studier kan være viktige kilder til kunnskap om helsefremmende faktorer,og slike studier kan dermed gi vesentlige bidrag til folkehelsearbeidet. Det aller beste vil være å satse påtriangulering av kvalitative (intervju), deskriptive (kvantitativ kartlegging/tverrsnittsstudier) og eksperimentelle(kausale) metoder, alle med fokus på utvikling av kunnskap om en bestemt faktor basert på data fra en ogsamme populasjon.
Utopian Studies in Poland: A Preliminary Survey
Authors: Blaim Artur 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The article presents a general overview of utopian studies in Poland from the late nineteenth century until recent times. Since the very beginning an important role was played by attempts to formulate an adequate definition of the utopian genre. Apart from the communist period, in which a highly politicized approach predominated, in later times the essentially individualistic and polycentric character of Polish utopian studies came to the fore. The downfall of the communist system brought about a rapidly rising interest in utopian studies facilitated by Polish translations of some of the most important studies by Zygmunt Bauman, Bronisław Baczko, Fredric Jameson, and Leszek Kołakowski. The last twenty-six years witnessed the publication of numerous monographs, collective volumes, special issues of scholarly journals, and individual articles on various aspects of utopias and utopianism considered from different ideological and disciplinary perspectives.
Roles of Affiliated Ownership on Manager’s Perquisites in Indonesia: Stage of Firm Cycle Approach
Authors: Anom Mahadwartha Putu 
Published: July 2016

The research is purposely designed for determining perquisites in private sector through ownership, either those which are affiliated in business group and non-group; or family and group ownership non-family ownership and group affiliated. Moreover, the research examines either perquisites in private sectors is really exist on different stage of firm cycle, and different ownership structure. There will be 2 hypotheses with 8 minor hypotheses based on four firm’s stages. This research<strong> </strong>uses linear regression <em>Pooled Least Square</em> with interaction variables. The result showed that perquisites manager’s occurred on maturity stage in group and family group. The tendency showed that cash flow is used to maintain manager behavior by monitoring mechanism of debt policy. In the growth stage, this research is able to explain that cash flow is used for perquisites and managers tend to use it; however debt is used to bonding such perquisites behavior. Moreover, this research also found that ownership concentration also minimizes manager’s perquisites. The major differences of this research compared to the previous research are the proposed arguments in which companies are divided into group and non-group affiliation, and also family and non-family group. Besides, this research divides the companies groups into different stages such as maturity, growth, star, and decline.
Rehoming of pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Sweden: an investigation of national advertisement
Authors: Ulfsdotter L , Lundberg A , Andersson M 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are popular companion animals, yet there has been little research into rabbits kept as pets in Sweden. Many rabbits that are rehomed are done so via personal contacts rather than through animal shelters. The purpose of this study was to provide a picture as to why rabbit owners rehome their pets and to what extent this is done in Sweden. There were 505 rabbits put up for rehoming through a large Swedish advertisement site during the winter of 2012/2013. The most commonly stated reasons for trying to rehome rabbits were ‘Lack of time’ (35.8%), ‘Owners are moving’ (16.6%) and ‘Allergies’ (13.2%). The mean age of the rabbits was 17.6 months and most rabbits were put up for sale for a price of between €11.1 and €55. Requests about the new home were mentioned in 46.8% of the adverts and the majority of the comments described the type of home needed for the rabbit. Reasons for relinquishing rabbits were similar to those found in other studies and the number of rabbits with behavioural problems was very low (0.9%). We conclude that a number of rabbits in Sweden are experiencing rehoming and the effect of this on their welfare should be further investigated.
Conducting sensitive social science research about on-farm animal welfare incidents: challenges and approaches
Authors: Devitt C , Kelly P , Blake M , Hanlon A , More SJ 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe social sciences can help provide a deeper understanding of human-farm animal relations. However, social science research exploring problematic human-farm animal interactions can be of a sensitive nature. Studies that carry risks for participants and the researcher are known methodologically as sensitive research. However, there is little discussion in the animal welfare sciences on how best to conduct research of this nature on animal owners, despite recommendations being made for more interdisciplinary collaboration between the animal welfare sciences and social sciences. Drawing on social science research conducted in 2012 on the human element of on-farm animal welfare incidents in the Republic of Ireland, this short communication presents a case study of the sensitivities and challenges involved in carrying out social science research related to farm animal welfare. This communication details the steps involved in recruiting participants, the methodological challenges encountered, and the approaches used to overcome these challenges. Our experience suggests that when conducting socially sensitive research, careful consideration needs to be applied to the recruitment process, and the study design must aim to minimise the potential risks for all involved. Professionals in the field, such as veterinarians, can play an important role in outlining some of the implications involved, and in overcoming research challenges. Understanding the challenges to this form of research will help to maximise research potential.
Evaluation of brainstem disruption following penetrating captive-bolt shot in isolated cattle heads: comparison of traditional and alternative shot-placement landmarks
Authors: Gilliam JN , Shearer JK , Bahr RJ , Crochik S , Woods J , Hill J , Reynolds J , Taylor JD 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCurrently recommended landmarks for captive-bolt euthanasia of cattle often result in failure to penetrate the brainstem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability to disrupt the brainstem by placing the shot at a higher position on the head. Intact heads from euthanased animals or natural mortalities were used for this study. Heads were grouped as adult (> 2 years), young (6-24 months) and neonate (< 1 month) and randomly assigned to either the LOW group (the intersection of two lines drawn from the medial canthus to the top of the opposite ear) or the HIGH group (midline halfway between the top of the poll and an imaginary line connecting each lateral canthus). Each head received a single shot from a CASH penetrating captive bolt with bolt length and power load selected based on manufacturer's recommendations. Computed tomography images of each head were evaluated independently by two veterinary radiologists. Brainstem disruption was assumed to occur if the bolt passed caudal to the presphenoid bone and deep to the third ventricle and was within 1.5 cm of midline. Brainstem disruption occurred in 16/18 adult HIGH and 7/14 adult LOW heads, 13/16 young HIGH and 11/19 young LOW heads, and 11/11 neonate HIGH and 14/14 neonate LOW heads. The higher shot location landmarks used in this study increased the probability of disrupting the brainstem when adult cattle were shot with a penetrating captive bolt which should reduce the risk of regaining sensibility. Reliable brainstem disruption is a precondition for considering penetrating captive bolt as a single-step euthanasia method. Further research is needed to determine if this method will reliably ensure a humane death.
Adipogenic‐Myogenic Signaling in Engineered Human Muscle Grafts used to Treat Volumetric Muscle Loss
Authors: Altamirano Dallas E. , Mihaly Eszter , Emmens Jalissa D. , Grayson Warren L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTissue‐engineered muscle grafts (TEMGs) are a promising treatment for volumetric muscle loss (VML). In this study, human myogenic progenitors (hMPs) cultured on electrospun fibrin microfiber bundles and evaluated the therapeutic potential of engineered hMP TEMGs in the treatment of murine tibialis anterior (TA) VML injuries is employed. In vitro, the hMP TEMGs express mature muscle markers by 21 days. Upon implantation into VML injuries, the hMP TEMGs enable remarkable regeneration. To further promote wound healing and myogenesis, human adipose‐derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) as fibroadipogenic progenitor (FAP)‐like cells with the potential to secrete pro‐regenerative cytokines are incorporated. The impact of dose and timing of seeding the hASCs on in vitro myogenesis and VML recovery using hMP‐hASC TEMGs are investigated. The hASCs increase myogenesis of hMPs when co‐cultured at 5% hASCs: 95% hMPs and with delayed seeding. Upon implantation into immunocompromised mice, hMP‐hASC TEMGs increase cell survival, collagen IV deposition, and pro‐regenerative macrophage recruitment, but result in excessive adipose tissue growth after 28 days. These data demonstrate the interactions of hASCs and hMPs enhance myogenesis in vitro but there remains a need to optimize treatments to minimize adipogenesis and promote full therapeutic recovery following VML treatment.
NIR‐Triggered Cu2O/Cu2‐xS Heterostructure as an “All‐In‐One” Functional Nanoplatform for Efficient Synergistic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Gao Weihua , Zhang Jie , Chang Yi , Gao Fangli , Ma Guanglei , Gao Zhiyong , Wang Xiaobing , Liu Xinhe , Ma Xiaoming , Guo Yuming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe fabrication of synergistic multifunctional anti‐tumor nanoplatforms is challenging due to the urgent requirement to activate different therapeutic modalities. Although the multi‐modal treatments can be achieved by carrying out the activation with different exogenous and endogenous stimulations in sequence, this tedious manner is not applicable to the ideal synergistic cancer treatment. Herein, a simple heterojunction of Cu2O/Cu2‐xS modified with gambogic acid and hyaluronic acid (CCS@GA@HA) is ingeniously fabricated for the synergistic cancer treatment combining photothermal therapy (PTT), photocatalytic therapy (PCT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and potential ferroptosis just activated by the single near infrared (NIR) light irradiation. Cu2O/Cu2‐xS heterostructure (CCS) with promoted separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance. The intervention of gambogic acid (GA) downregulates the overexpression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which make it possible to execute the mild PTT. And the CDT performance is efficiently improved by the heat generated from PTT. Specifically, CCS appears to accelerate the accumulation of lipid peroxides (LPO) and inactivate glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) that directly induce ferroptosis. In brief, CCS@GA@HA exhibits prominent NIR‐triggered synergistic effect involving PCT, mild PTT, enhanced CDT and ferroptosis for an effective multi‐modal tumor treatment.
Atomic‐Precision Manipulation of Defects in RuO2 Nanocrystals via Electron‐Beam
Authors: Li Guanxing , Zou Chen , Wang Fei , Han Zhong‐Kang , Yuan Wentao , Yang Hangsheng , Wang Yong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractManufacturing nanocrystals with desired structures is the basis for realizing designed properties in their applications. As an important top‐down fabrication technique, although electron beam (e‐beam) has been well used for atomic etching on one hand, it is still challenging to precisely repair the undesired crystal defects on the other. Herein, utilizing the e‐beam probe in a spherical aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscope, the possibility of e‐beam in the atomic‐level‐controllable construction/repair of crystalline defects in ruthenium oxide (RuO2) nanocrystals is systematically explored. It is found that the functional duality of beam effects can be well controlled, with the domination of either constructing or repairing defects in atomic scale, by tuning e‐beam parameters. With the aid of real‐time observation of the atom‐by‐atom repairing process via in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations, the e‐beam‐assisted repairing mechanism is revealed. This work is anticipated to provide insights into controllable top‐down manufacturing nanomaterials at the sub‐nanoscale by e‐beam.
Reactive Oxygen Species Triggered Cleavage of Thioketal‐Containing Supramolecular Nanoparticles for Inflammation‐Targeted Oral Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Xiong Ting , Xu Huipeng , Nie Qin , Jia Bingqian , Bao Haojie , Zhang Hanwen , Li Jing , Cao Zeying , Wang Shunyao , Wu Li , Zhang Jiwen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCombating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and targeted drug delivery to inflammatory sites are considered effective therapeutic strategies for ulcerative colitis (UC), a refractory chronic inflammatory disease. Herein, a ROS‐responsive thioketal (TK) crosslinked cyclodextrin metal‐organic framework (TCOF) is fabricated, to which a non‐ROS‐sensitive vector, sulfur substituted by carbon chain‐crosslinked cyclodextrin metal‐organic framework (CCOF) is parallelly designed as ROS negative reference. Dexamethasone (DEX) loaded in TCOF (TCD) and CCOF (CCD) are investigated to demonstrate the advantages of precision medicine for UC. After the ROS‐induced collapse of nanoparticles, TCD selectively triggered the release of DEX. Moreover, TCD effectively protected cells from oxidative stress damage and reduced inflammation levels in vitro. Remarkably, the TK group of TCD is oxidatively broken by consuming ROS at the inflammatory site, exposing the thiol group to mucosal adhesion, which enhances the retention of TCD at colons. In vivo studies of UC treatment reveals that oral administration of TCD demonstrated excellent inflammation‐targeting properties, remarkably attenuated oxidative stress, and ameliorated both acute and chronic colitis compared to CCD. Furthermore, TCD exhibits an excellent safety profile in mice. These results instill confidence in advancing targeted drug delivery and precision therapy for UC.
Synergistic Effects of Defects and Strain on Photoluminescence in Van der Waals Layered Crystal AgScP2S6${\rm AgScP_{2}S_{6}}$
Authors: Mukherjee Abhishek , Wlodarczyk Damian , Somakumar Ajeesh K. , Sybilski Piotr , Siebenaller Ryan , Rao Rahul , Susner Michael A. , Suchocki Andrzej , Boriskina Svetlana V. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetal thiophosphates (MTPs) are a large family of 2D materials that exhibit large structural and chemical diversity. They also show promise for applications in energy harvesting and photodetection. Strain and defect engineering have previously been demonstrated as useful mechanisms to tune several properties of MTPs such as resistivity, magnetic state, and electronic band gap. However, the effect of these stimuli on engineering tunable light emission in MTPs remains unexplored. Here, it is experimentally demonstrated that sulfur vacancies in metal thiophosphate allow defect‐state‐to‐valence‐band transitions leading to visible light emission at sub‐bandgap energies, while structural defects in the material can enhance and modulate the photoluminescence spectrum. It is also showed that the structural‐defect‐enhanced light emission can be further tuned by temperature‐induced strain gradients.
Nano‐Size Effects on Decay Dynamics of Photo‐Excited Polarons in CeO2
Authors: Katoch Abhishek , Park Sang Han , Jeong Kwangsik , Lazemi Masoud , Wang Ru‐Pan , Ahn Hyun S. , Kim Tae Kyu , de Groot Frank M.F. , Kwon Soonnam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study of polaron dynamics in complex materials has garnered significant attention owing to its implications for various technological applications, including catalysis, solid‐state devices, and energy storage. This paper investigates the photo‐excited electron and hole polaron dynamics in cerium dioxide (CeO2) using time‐resolved X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, with an emphasis on the nano‐size effect. Additionally, density functional theory and multiplet calculations have been utilized to reveal the photo‐excited polaron dynamics in CeO2 single crystal (SC) and nanocrystal (NC). The electron polaron is observed to decay into a deep trap site with a short duration of ≈5 ps, while electrons in the traps stay for more than 1400 ps. The most significant observation is the behavior of holes in NC, which tends to stay longer (≈150 ps) compared to SC (<10 ps) suggesting hole existence more at the surface than at bulk. The fast dissociation of the electron polarons the prolonged lifetime of the electrons above the Fermi level and the enhanced hole lifetime at the surface are proposed to be among the various factors that influence the high reactivity of CeO2.
Achieving the Birefringence Optimization by Methyl Modulation in Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystals
Authors: Yang Dongling , Sha Hongyuan , Wang Zujian , Su Rongbing , He Chao , Su Bin , Yang Xiaoming , Long Xifa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNon‐centrosymmetric organics are promising nonlinear optical (NLO) candidates, which always exhibit a short UV absorption cutoff edge, and a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) response, but an overlarge birefringence. Here, in order to optimize the birefringence, the methyl modulation of π‐conjugated organic planar units is proposed and implemented with the urea structure as a template. Thus, N‐methylurea and N,N'‐dimethylurea crystals are obtained by partially replacing hydrogen atoms with methyl groups. This replacement reduces hydrogen donors and weakens interchain hydrogen bonds, which facilitates the decreasing density and the parallel arrangement of π‐conjugated planar units. Hence, both N‐methylurea and N,N'‐dimethylurea crystals exhibit not only an optimized birefringence (N‐methylurea ≈0.099 and N,N'‐dimethylurea ≈0.072 at 546 nm) but also an enhanced SHG response (N‐methylurea ≈1.2 × β‐BaB2O4 and N,N'‐dimethylurea ≈1.9 × β‐BaB2O4), while maintaining a short UV absorption cutoff edge. Therefore, this work provides a novel strategy for the structural design and performance modulation of organic NLO crystals.
Facile Synthesis of Diverse 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted 1,2,4‐Triazole using Hydrazones with Aldehydes, Alkenes, Amines
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhang Kunyi , Zhang Jialiang , Liu Shuikun , Song Yu , Tan Xinqiang , Fang Lizhen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn efficient, and easy method for the synthesis of 1,3,5‐ substituted 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives by [3+2] annulation reactions of hydrazones with aldehydes, alkenes, or amines has been established. This strategy is characterized by the use of inexpensive and readily available oxidants and starting materials, a broader substrate scope, and moderate to good yields.