bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual Reactions of Cyclic Fluorosiloxanes
Authors: Oguri Naoki , Egawa Yasunobu , Kawakami Yoshiteru , Kobuna Chika , Takeda Nobuhiro , Unno Masafumi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe reactivity of cyclic fluorosiloxanes, all‐cis‐[PhSiOF]4 and [i‐BuSiOF]4, was investigated. Unusual bond cleavage was observed in the reaction of all‐cis‐[PhSiOF]4 with 2,6‐lutidine to afford a hexafluorosilicate salt in 29 % yield. On the other hand, different bond cleavage was observed for [i‐BuSiOF]4 resulting in a formation of a linear fluorotrisiloxane in 50 % yield. All products were characterized by spectroscopic analyses as well as X‐ray crystallography. In this paper, we discuss several new Si–O–Si bond cleavage and formation reactions; all reactions were performed under mild conditions that did not generate harmful acids. Consequently, cyclic fluorosiloxanes could serve as useful precursors for a wide variety of silicon compounds such as linear siloxanes, hexa‐coordinated silicates, and well‐defined silsesquioxanes.
Systematic Optimization and Modification of a DNA Aptamer with 2’‐O‐Methyl RNA Analogues
Authors: Maio George E. , Enweronye Osita , Zumrut Hasan E. , Batool Sana , Van Nabeela A. , Mallikaratchy Prabodhika R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNucleic acid aptamers (NAAs) are short synthetic DNA or RNA molecules that specifically fold into distinct three‐dimensional structures able to specifically recognize a target. While NAAs show unprecedented promise in a variety of applications, including sensing, therapeutics and diagnostics, one major limitation involves the lack of stability towards omnipresent nucleases. Therefore, we herein report a systematic truncation and incorporation of 2’‐O‐methyl bases to a DNA aptamer, which results in increased stability without affecting affinity. One of the newly designed analogues is stable up to 24 hours, demonstrating that 2’‐O‐methyl RNA is an attractive modification to DNA aptamers, especially when theranostic applications are intended.
Schnelle Berechnung von Änderungen und Varianten bei komplexen Tragsystemen (3D‐Modellen)
Authors: Carl Oliver , Hartmann Friedel , Zhang Chuanzeng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDer Einsatz von digitalen Gebäudedatenmodellen während des Planungsprozesses bietet auf einfache Weise die Möglichkeit, durch Auslesen der geometrischen Daten ein dreidimensionales (3D) Berechnungsmodell für die Tragwerksplanung zu erstellen und einzusetzen. Dadurch steigt allerdings der Anteil von aufwändigen Berechnungen an komplexen Gesamtmodellen weiter an. Die beim Entwurf eines Tragwerks notwendigen Variantenuntersuchungen und Systemänderungen zur Optimierung des Trag systems führen zu zahlreichen Neuberechnungen am Gesamtmodell und damit zu stark ansteigenden Komplexitäten und Rechenzeiten. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird diesbezüglich eine baustatische Näherungsmethode auf Basis von Einflussfunktionen vorgestellt, mit der sich die Berechnung von Änderungen und Varianten bei 3D‐Modellen mit wesentlich geringerem Aufwand durchführen lässt. Der Tragwerksplaner kann somit deren Auswirkungen schnell und einfach überblicken bzw. sofort beurteilen.Darüber hinaus wird gezeigt, dass sich Einflussfunktionen generell sehr vorteilhaft in der computerorientierten Baustatik zur Optimierung von Tragsystemen und zum Aufzeigen von Lastpfaden bei Berechnungen an 3D‐Modellen einsetzen lassen.
Sehenswerte Baukultur – BIG structures and best high‐rises
Authors: Möller Eberhard 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGleich zwei für Ingenieure interessante Ausstellungen präsentierte das Deutsche Architekturmuseum (DAM) um den Jahreswechsel 2016/17 in Frankfurt am Main. Eine der beiden widmete sich herausragenden Hochhäusern, die andere einem Team äußerst kreativer Planer, der dänischen Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG). Zwischen beiden Ausstellungen besteht – vielleicht nicht ganz zufällig – ein Zusammenhang.
Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells Enhance Recovery After Stroke by Modulating the Immune Response from the Spleen
Authors: Yang Bing , Hamilton Jason A. , Valenzuela Krystal S. , Bogaerts Annelies , Xi XiaoPei , Aronowski Jaroslaw , Mays Robert W. , Savitz Sean I. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Stem cell therapy modulates not only the local microenvironment of the brain but also the systemic immune responses. We explored the impact of human multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) modulating splenic activation and peripheral immune responses after ischemic stroke. Hundred twenty-six Long-Evans adult male rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Twenty-four hours later, they received IV MAPC or saline treatment. At 3 days after infusion, RNA was isolated from the injured cortex and spleen for microarray analysis. Spleen mass, splenocyte phenotype, and releasing cytokines were measured. Serum cytokines, MAPC biodistribution, brain lesion sizes and neurofunctional deficits were compared in rats treated with MAPC or saline with and without spleens. Stroked animals treated with MAPC exhibited genes that more closely resembled animals with sham surgery. Gene categories downregulated by MAPC included leukocyte activation, antigen presentation, and immune effector processing, associated with the signaling pathways regulated by TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ within the brain. MAPC treatment restored spleen mass reduction caused by stroke, elevated Treg cells within the spleen, increased IL-10 and decreased IL-1β released by splenocytes. MAPC reduced IL-6 and IL-1β and upregulated IL-10 serum levels. Compared with saline, MAPC enhance stroke recovery in rats with intact spleens but had no effects in rats without spleens. MAPC restores expression of multiple genes and pathways involved in immune and inflammatory responses after stroke. Immunomodulation of the splenic response by the intravenous administration of MAPC may create a more favorable environment for brain repair after stroke.
Does Beta‐Blockade Reduce the Risk of Depression in Patients with Isolated Severe Extracranial Injuries?
Authors: Ahl Rebecka , Barmparas Galinos , Riddez Louis , Ley Eric J. , Wallin Göran , Ljungqvist Olle , Mohseni Shahin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundApproximately half of trauma patients develop post‐traumatic depression. It is suggested that beta‐blockade impairs trauma memory recollection, reducing depressive symptoms. This study investigates the effect of early beta‐blockade on depression following severe traumatic injuries in patients without significant brain injury.MethodsPatients were identified by retrospectively reviewing the trauma registry at an urban university hospital between 2007 and 2011. Severe extracranial injuries were defined as extracranial injuries with Abbreviated Injury Scale score ≥3, intracranial Abbreviated Injury Scale score <3 and an Injury Severity Score ≥16. In‐hospital deaths and patients prescribed antidepressant therapy ≤1 year prior to admission were excluded. Patients were stratified into groups based on pre‐admission beta‐blocker status. The primary outcome was post‐traumatic depression, defined as receiving antidepressants ≤1 year following trauma.ResultsFive hundred and ninety‐six patients met the inclusion criteria with 11.4% prescribed pre‐admission beta‐blockade. Patients receiving beta‐blockers were significantly older (57 ± 18 vs. 42 ± 17 years, p < 0.001) with lower Glasgow Coma Scale score (12 ± 3 vs. 14 ± 2, p < 0.001). The beta‐blocked cohort spent significantly longer in hospital (21 ± 20 vs. 15 ± 17 days, p < 0.01) and intensive care (4 ± 7 vs. 3 ± 5 days, p = 0.01). A forward logistic regression model was applied and predicted lack of beta‐blockade to be associated with increased risk of depression (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1–7.2, p = 0.04). After adjusting for group differences, patients lacking beta‐blockers demonstrated an increased risk of depression (AOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2–8.6, p = 0.02).ConclusionsPre‐admission beta‐blockade is associated with a significantly reduced risk of depression following severe traumatic injury. Further investigation is needed to determine the beneficial effects of beta‐blockade in these instances.
Relating psychological and social factors to academic performance: A longitudinal investigation of high‐poverty middle school students
Authors: Li Yaoran , Allen Jeff , Casillas Alex 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTWe investigated the relations between middle school students' psychological factors (academic commitment and emotional control), social perceptions (family involvement and school climate), and academic performance over time. Gender differences in these relations were also examined. Based on a two‐year longitudinal data set of 942 middle‐school students from a high‐poverty district in the United States, we found that all four factors measured in 6th grade were predictive of GPA at the end of the 7th grade above and beyond gender, race, and home intellectual materials. Among these factors, emotional control had the strongest relation with GPA, and the importance of family involvement increased over time, especially for female students. The results also revealed the indirect effects of the social factors on GPA through the psychological factors, and mostly through emotional control. These findings highlight the complex relation between the social‐emotional factors and academic outcomes in early adolescence.
A damage mechanics model for low-velocity impact damage analysis of composite laminates
Authors: Li N. , Chen P.H. , Ye Q. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA method was developed to predict numerically the damage of composite laminates with multiple plies under low-velocity impact loading. The Puck criterion for 3D stress states was adopted to model the intralaminar damage including matrix cracking and fibre breakage, and to obtain the orientation of the fracture plane due to matrix failure. According to interlaminar delamination mechanism, a new delamination criterion was proposed. The influence of transverse and through-thickness normal stress, interlaminar shear stress and damage conditions of adjacent plies on delamination was considered. In order to predict the impact-induced damage of composite laminates with more plies quickly and efficiently, an approach, which can predict the specific damage of several plies in a single solid element, was proposed by interpolation on the strains of element integration points. Moreover, the proposed model can predict specific failure modes. A good agreement between the predicted delamination shapes and sizes and the experimental results shows correctness of the developed numerical method for predicting low-velocity impact damage on composite laminates.
RevisitingCriticalLegal Pluralism: Normative Contestations in the Afghan Courtroom
Authors: CHOUDHURY Nafay 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper revisits the concept ofcriticallegal pluralism, which treats the individual as a site of normativity with the capacity to create legal knowledge. To help operationalize the usage of critical legal pluralism, I propose a methodological approach that places the individual’s ability to makes choices along a continuum. On one side of continuum, legal pluralism can be viewed as facilitating fully discrete choices that ascribe to one legal order or another. On the other side, the ability to make individual choices is curtailed because of the presence of a hegemonic legal order. This simple continuum helps to shed light on the complex considerations that affect individual choices, which in turn affect how various legal orders are legitimated. The paper then considers how critical legal pluralism can enrich the discussion on the legal system of Afghanistan, focusing on interviews with two Afghan justice actors: a former judge and an active defence lawyer.
Muchongoyo and Mugabeism in Zimbabwe
Authors: Perman Tony 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:This article explores the influence of nationalism and modernity in contemporary Zimbabwe and on the musical lives of Zimbabweans through an examination ofmuchongoyo, the signature dance–drumming tradition of Zimbabwe’s Ndau communities. Invoking the concept of “Mugabeism,” it illustrates how Shona nationalism and expectations of modernity have partially reshapedmuchongoyoin the turmoil of contemporary Zimbabwe. As indigenous practices serve political ends, their values shift. Consequently, there are now twomuchongoyos: one rooted in the unique history and values of Zimbabwe’s Ndau community, the other emerging from decades of political employment of indigenous music for the sake of nationalist discourse.
Challenges of Treating Adenovirus Infection: Application of a Deployable Rapid-Assembly Shelter Hospital
Authors: Bai Song , Yu Bao-guo , Zhang Yong-Zhong , Ding Hui , Wu Zhou-wei , Fan Bin , Fan Hao-jun , Hou Shi-ke , Chen Feng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article outlines the evolution of a rescue team in responding to adenovirus prevention with a deployable field hospital. The local governments mobilized a shelter hospital and a rescue team consisting of 59 members to assist with rescue and response efforts after an epidemic outbreak of adenovirus. We describe and evaluate the challenges of preparing for deployment, field hospital maintenance, treatment mode, and primary treatment methods. The field hospital established at the rescue scene consisted of a medical command vehicle, a computed tomography shelter, an X-ray shelter, a special laboratory shelter, an oxygen and electricity supply vehicle, and epidemic prevention and protection equipment. The rescue team comprised paramedics, physicians, X-ray technicians, respiratory therapists, and logistical personnel. In 22 days, more than 3000 patients with suspected adenovirus infection underwent initial examinations. All patients were properly treated, and no deaths occurred. After emergency measures were implemented, the spread of adenovirus was eventually controlled. An emergency involving infectious diseases in less-developed regions demands the rapid development of a field facility with specialized medical personnel when local hospital facilities are either unavailable or unusable. An appropriate and detailed prearranged action plan is important for infectious diseases prevention. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:109–114)
Medical Response to a Vinyl Chloride Release From a Train Derailment: New Jersey, 2012
Authors: Shumate Alice M. , Taylor Jamille , McFarland Elizabeth , Tan Christina , Duncan Mary Anne 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this investigation was to examine the health impact of and medical response to a mass casualty chemical incident caused by a vinyl chloride release.MethodsKey staff at area hospitals were interviewed about communication during the response, the number of patients treated and care required, and lessons learned. Clinical information related to the incident and medical history were abstracted from hospital charts.ResultsHospital interviews identified a desire for more thorough and timely incident-specific information and an under-utilization of regionally available resources. Two hundred fifty-six hospital visits (96.2%) were at the facility closest to the site of the derailment. Of 237 initial visits at which the patient was examined by a physician, 231 patients (97.5%) were treated in the emergency department (ED) and 6 patients (2.5%) were admitted; 5 admitted patients (83.3%) had preexisting medical conditions. Thirteen of 14 asymptomatic ED patients were children under the age of 10 years. One hundred forty-five patients (62.8%) discharged from the ED were diagnosed solely with exposure to vinyl chloride.ConclusionsContinuous emergency response planning might facilitate communication and better distribution of patient surge across hospitals. Individuals with multiple medical conditions and parents and caretakers of children may serve as target groups for risk communication following acute chemical releases. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:538–544)
Mental health training for secondary school teachers in Haiti: a mixed methods, prospective, formative research study of feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness in knowledge acquisition
Authors: Eustache E. , Gerbasi M. E. , Smith Fawzi M. C. , Fils-Aimé J. R. , Severe J. , Raviola G. J. , Legha R. , Darghouth S. , Grelotti D. J. , Thérosmé T. , Pierre E. L. , Affricot E. , Alcindor Y. , Stack M. B. , Becker A. E. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundEngagement and training of educators in student mental health holds promise for promoting access to care as a task sharing strategy but has not been well-studied in low-income regions.MethodsWe used a prospective and convergent mixed methods design to evaluate a customized school mental health 2½ day training for teachers in rural Haiti (n = 22) as the initial component of formative research developing a school-based intervention to promote student mental health. Training prepared teachers to respond to student mental health needs by providing psychoeducational and practical support to facilitate access to care. We examined level of participation and evaluated feasibility, acceptability, and perceived effectiveness by calculating mean scores on self-report Likert-style items eliciting participant experience. We examined effectiveness of the training on improving mental health knowledge and attitudes by comparing mean scores on an assessment administered pre- and post-training. Finally, we examined self-report written open-ended responses and focus group discussion (FGD) interview data bearing on perceived feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness to contextualize participant ratings of training and to identify recommendations for enhancing the utility of mental health training locally for educators.ResultsMean scores of knowledge and attitudes significantly improved between the pre-test and post-tests; e.g., knowledge improved from 58% correct at baseline to 68% correct on the second post-test (p = 0.039). Mean ratings of the training were favorable across all categories and FGD data demonstrated widespread participant endorsement of training acceptability and effectiveness; participants recommended extending the duration and number of training sessions.ConclusionsFindings support feasibility, acceptability, and a limited scope of effectiveness of brief mental health training for secondary school teachers in Haiti. Further development of approaches to engage teachers in promoting school mental health through training is warranted.
Metamorphic evolution of Palaeoproterozoic anatectic migmatites in the eastern part of the Aravalli–Delhi Fold Belt, India: constraints from thermodynamic modelling and monazite dating
Authors: PRAKASH A. , SAHA L. , PETRIK I. , JANAK M. , BHATTACHARYA A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGarnetiferous pelitic to psammopelitic migmatites widespread across the central and eastern part of the Aravalli–Delhi Fold Belt in NW India record two distinct orogenies, e.g. the Aravalli Orogeny (1.7–1.6 Ga) and the Delhi Orogeny (1.0 Ga). In this study, we integrate field geological studies with textural and mineral–chemical analyses,P–Tpseudosection modelling andin situmonazite dating in anatectic migmatites in the Aravalli Supergroup occurring along the Deoli–Shahpura segment. The study reveals formation of peak assemblages of garnet + sillimanite + biotite + K-feldspar + melt and garnet + muscovite + K-feldspar + melt in two anatectic migmatite samples.P–Tpseudosection modelling suggests that anatexis in the gneisses occurred at ~8 kbar and 700–800°C along a tight-loop clockwiseP–Tpath. Monazite ages from the migmatites indicate that the anatexis occurred at ~1.73–1.74 Ga. This age is similar to the Palaeoproterozoic anatexis (at 7–8 kbar) and charnockite emplacement in the Sandmata and the Mangalwar complexes, the subsolidus amphibolite-facies metamorphism in the Rajpura–Dariba and Pur–Banera supracrustal belts, and the A-type granite magmatism in the North Delhi Fold Belt. We propose that the Palaeoproterozoic migmatites in central and eastern Rajasthan are part of the one crustal unit that underwent anatexis during an accretion event along the NE–SW-trending Aravalli orogenic belt.
The role of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) as intermediate hosts in the transmission ofHymenolepis microps(Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from the willow ptarmiganLagopus lagopus(Aves: Tetraonidae)
Authors: Pistone D. , Lindgren M. , Holmstad P. , Ellingsen N.K. , Kongshaug H. , Nilsen F. , Skorping A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe cestodeHymenolepis micropsis an intestinal parasite of tetraonid birds, including the willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus). This parasite is able to maintain a high prevalence and intensity throughout the year, even in a subarctic environment in bird populations with relatively low host densities, indicating effective transmission routes. Willow ptarmigan consume mainly vegetal material and active consumption of invertebrates is confined to the first two or three weeks of life. Ptarmigan are infected by different species of ectoparasites, of which two species of feather lice,Lagopoecus affinisandGoniodes lagopi, are the most abundant. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that feather lice may be suitable intermediate hosts forH. microps. We applied histological techniques and light microscopy to investigate lice for the presence of larval cestode stages (cysticercoids). We found 12 cysticercoid-like structures inside chewing lice collected onL. lagopushosts harbouringH. microps. In addition, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of Ischnocera lice DNA, targeting the 18S rRNA gene of the cestode, showed positive results for two different short fragments of the 18S rRNA gene ofH. micropswhich were sequenced from lice collected on birds. Both independent lines of evidence support the hypothesis that Ischnocera lice might be suitable intermediate hosts in the life cycle ofH. micropsinL. lagopus.
Electron energy spectrum produced by stochastic acceleration in the laser–plasma interaction
Authors: Khalilzadeh E. , Chakhmachi A. , Yazdanpanah J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the electrons energy spectrum produced by stochastic acceleration in the interaction of an intense laser pulse with the underdense plasma is described by employing the fully kinetic 1D-3 V particle-in-cell simulation. In this way, two finite laser pulses with the same length 200 fs and with two different rise times 30 and 60 fs are typically selected. It is shown that the maximum energy of electrons in the laser pulse with the short rise time (30 fs) is about eight times greater than the maximum energy of the electrons with the long rise time (60 fs). Furthermore, unlike the pulse with the short rise time, the shape of energy spectrum and the electrons temperature in the long rise time laser pulse are approximately unchanged over the time. These results originated from the fact that in the case of long rise time laser pulse, all electrons are accelerated by the one chaotic mechanism because of the scattered fields generated in the plasma, but in the case of short rise time laser pulse, three different mechanisms accelerate the electrons: first, the stochastic acceleration because of the nonlinear wave breaking via plasma-vacuum boundary effect; second, the stochastic acceleration initiated by the wave breaking; and third, the direct laser acceleration of the released electrons.
Crystallographic groups with trivial center and outer automorphism group
Authors: LUTOWSKI RAFAŁ , SZCZEPAŃSKI ANDRZEJ 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLet Γ be a crystallographic group of dimension n, i.e. a discrete, cocompact subgroup of Isom(ℝn) = O(n) ⋉ ℝn. For any n ⩾ 2, we construct a crystallographic group with a trivial center and trivial outer automorphism group.