bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexualized drug use (‘chemsex’) and high‐risk sexual behaviours in HIV‐positive men who have sex with men
Authors: Pufall EL , Kall M , Shahmanesh M , Nardone A , Gilson R , Delpech V , Ward H ,   The Positive Voices study group
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesThe incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV infection remains high in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in the UK, and sexualized drug use (“chemsex”) and injecting drug use (“slamsex”) may play a part in this. We aimed to characterize HIV‐positive MSM engaging in chemsex/slamsex and to assess the associations with self‐reported STI diagnoses and sexual behaviours.MethodsData from a 2014 survey of people attending HIV clinics in England and Wales were linked to clinical data from national HIV surveillance records and weighted to be nationally representative. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the associations of chemsex and slamsex with self‐reported unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), serodiscordant UAI (sdUAI) (i.e. UAI with an HIV‐negative or unknown HIV status partner), sdUAI with a detectable viral load (>50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL), hepatitis C, and bacterial STIs.ResultsIn the previous year, 29.5% of 392 sexually active participants engaged in chemsex, and 10.1% in slamsex. Chemsex was significantly associated with increased odds of UAI [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.73; P < 0.001], sdUAI (AOR 2.34; P < 0.05), sdUAI with a detectable viral load (AOR 3.86; P < 0.01), hepatitis C (AOR 6.58; P < 0.01), and bacterial STI diagnosis (AOR 2.65; P < 0.01). Slamsex was associated with increased odds of UAI (AOR 6.11; P < 0.05), hepatitis C (AOR 9.39; P < 0.001), and bacterial STI diagnosis (AOR 6.11; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThree in ten sexually active HIV‐positive MSM engaged in chemsex in the past year, which was positively associated with self‐reported depression/anxiety, smoking, nonsexual drug use, risky sexual behaviours, STIs, and hepatitis C. Chemsex may therefore play a role in the ongoing HIV and STI epidemics in the UK.
Concentration‐dependent effect of bleaching agents on the immunolabelling of interleukin‐6, interleukin‐17 and CD5‐positive cells in the dental pulp
Authors: Benetti F. , Gomes‐Filho J. E. , Ferreira L. L. , Sivieri‐Araújo G. , Ervolino E. , Briso A. L. F. , Cintra L. T. A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate lymphocyte‐like cell activation (CD5‐positive cells) and the expression of interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐17 in the pulp after tooth bleaching with two concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).MethodologyThe right and left maxillary molars from 40 rats were treated randomly with bleaching gel with 20% H2O2 (BLUE group, 1 application of 50 min), 35% H2O2 (MAXX group, three applications of 15 min), or placebo gel (control). After 2 and 30 days, the rats were killed (n = 10), and the jaws were processed for histological and immunohistochemistry analysis of the pulp tissue. The scores of inflammation and immunolabelling (IL‐6/IL‐17) were submitted to Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis followed Dunn tests, respectively; anova tests were used for comparisons of number of CD5‐positive cells and pulp chamber area values (P < 0.05).ResultsAt 2 days, 60% of specimens of the BLUE group were associated with moderate inflammation in pulp horns, and in the MAXX group with necrosis (P < 0.05). At 30 days, the pulp was organized, and tertiary dentine was formed. The MAXX group had superior immunolabelling of IL‐17 at 2 days differing significantly from other groups (P < 0.05). At 2 days, 90% of the specimens of the BLUE group had moderate immunolabelling of IL‐6, and 50% of the MAXX group had severe immunolabelling, both significantly different from the control (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups at 30 days (P > 0.05). CD5‐positive cells were present at 2 and 30 days, particularly in the bleached groups (P < 0.05), without significant difference between time periods (P > 0.05).ConclusionsIL‐6 and IL‐17 participated in inflammation in the pulp tissue of rats after tooth bleaching, particularly at 2 days. The immunolabelling was greater with increasing H2O2 concentration. This process was accompanied by the prolonged activation of CD5‐positive cells.
Cordierite thermal insulation materials reinforced by aluminosilicate fiber/mullite whiskers hierarchical structure
Authors: Qin Meng Li , Wang Xi Tang , Wang Zhou Fu , Ma Yan , Liu Hao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCordierite thermal insulation materials were prepared via a starch consolidation casting (SCC) technique, using kyanite, MgO and SiO2 as raw materials. Aluminosilicate ceramic fiber were used as the substrate for in situ synthesized mullite whiskers. The mullite whiskers grew in situ on the surface of the aluminosilicate ceramic fiber via AlF3 and were interspersed among the cordierite crystalline. The as‐prepared cordierite materials reinforced by the aluminosilicate ceramic fiber/mullite whiskers hierarchical structure had a relatively high cold modulus strength and cold compression strength. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of the materials was as low as 0.329 W/(m K) (RT‐1000°C). We propose a growing mechanism of mullite whiskers on the surface of the aluminosilicate ceramic fiber.
Religious identity, community and religious minorities’ search efforts for religiously sanctioned food: The case of halal food in non‐Muslim majority markets
Authors: Mumuni Alhassan G. , Veeck Ann , Luqmani Mushtaq , Quraeshi Zahir A. , Kamarulzaman Yusniza 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis research introduces the concept of search effort to explore the drivers of
religion‐motivated
consumption by religious minorities. The study draws on three theoretical frameworks to develop a model and hypotheses about the role of religious identity, community, knowledge and attitudes in explaining the effort religious minorities exert to uphold religiously motivated consumption behaviour. Using the search for halal food in the United States as a research context and data from a survey of U.S. consumers to test a model of search effort, the study finds that insistence on religiously motivated behaviour is a strong predictor of consumers’ willingness to exert effort towards the behaviour. In turn, degree of religiosity, attitude towards the behaviour and religious
self‐identity
are strong positive predictors of the level of insistence. Further, religious knowledge and sense of religious community are strong positive determinants of attitude towards the behaviour. The model provides an improved conceptualization of the relationship between religious identity and consumer behaviour, particularly religiously sanctioned or motivated consumption. Theory and research implications are outlined and potential avenues for further exploration are identified.
Consumers’ perceptions of GM‐free labelled foods: A sensory experiment
Authors: Schouteten Joachim J. , Gellynck Xavier , De Steur Hans 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAs of today, the views of European consumers and policy makers on GM foods are still divided. While only few GM labelled foods (‘does contain’) have entered the market, GM‐free labelling (‘does not contain’) is increasingly introduced in many EU member states. This study aims to examine whether GM‐free labelling affects consumers’ sensory profiling, emotional conceptualizations and overall liking. Based on a within‐subjects experimental design, 126 Belgian subjects evaluated GM‐free and nonlabelled samples of three food products: yogurt, traditional biscuit (‘speculoos’) and crisps. The results show that overall liking did not differ significantly according to label (no vs. GM‐free), regardless of participants’ knowledge of, or attitude towards GMOs. Furthermore, regarding the impact of GM‐free labelling on consumers’ subjective taste perceptions and emotional profiling, few significant differences were reported for crisps and traditional biscuit. Regarding the latter, less positive and more negative emotional terms have been assigned to the GM‐free labelled sample. The findings of this study should be viewed in the context of the stringent EU mandatory GM food labelling policy, which led to an increase of GM‐free rather than GM labels. Future research is needed to further underpin these findings and examine differently framed labels in various settings.
Preparation and photoluminescence enhancement of Au nanoparticles embedded LaPO4:Eu3+ inverse opals
Authors: Chai Zhuangzhuang , Yang Zhengwen , Huang Anjun , Yu Chengye , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work, we present a facile preparation approach of Au nanoparticles embedded LaPO4:Eu3+ inverse opal photonic crystals. In the typical preparation process, the transparent LaPO4:Eu3+ sol including HAuCI4 was infiltrated into the opal templates. After the sintering, the 10‐20 nm Au nanoparticles were formed in the interior of nano‐sized wall of LaPO4:Eu3+ inverse opal and the Au nanoparticles embedded LaPO4:Eu3+ inverse opals were obtained. The luminescence of Au nanoparticles embedded LaPO4:Eu3+ inverse opal was investigated. The emission peaks located at the 593 (5D0→7F1), 618 (5D0→7F2) and 698 nm (5D0→7F4) from Eu3+ ions were observed. The 593, 618, and 698 nm emissions of Au nanoparticles embedded LaPO4:Eu3+ inverse opals were enhanced in contrast to these of LaPO4:Eu3+ inverse opal without the Au nanoparticles, which is from the excitation field enhancement caused by the localized surface plasmon resonance of Au nanoparticles.
Improvement of self‐activated luminescence from introduced cation disorder in Sr6V2O11
Authors: Mi Longqing , Huang Yanlin , Liu Xuanxuan , Qin Lin , Seo Hyo Jin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAdjusting the elemental composition of a host is regarded to be an effective strategy to tune its luminescent properties such as peak energy, emission efficiency, and bandwidth. In this work, the cation substitution of (Ba2+ → Sr2+) in self‐activated Sr6V2O11 was conducted to investigate the luminescence modification. All the phosphors of Sr6‐6xBa6xV2O11 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were synthesized by the traditional chemical sol‐gel method. The morphological properties were measured through scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrum measurements. The cation substitution brings out the disorder in the structure, which exerts modifications on the luminescence properties of Sr6V2O11. The luminescence intensity and corresponding decay lifetime were enhanced with the cation disorder in the self‐activated phosphor. Cation disorder in a phosphor lattice could be one of the effective approaches to improve the luminescence efficiency.
Hierarchical growth of BiOCl on SrO‐Bi2O3‐B2O3 glass‐ceramics for self‐cleaning applications
Authors: Singh Vinay P. , Vaish Rahul 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe have grown hierarchical structure of bismuth oxycloride (BiOCl) on SrO‐Bi2O3‐B2O3 (SBBO) transparent glass‐ceramic. SBBO glass‐ceramics were fabricated via conventional melt‐quenching technique while BiOCl was grown by etching the glass via HCl. Enhanced visible light driven photocatalytic activity and increasing hydrophobic feature were observed on BiOCl grown SBBO than as‐quenched SBBO glass‐ceramics. Contact angle analysis showed maximum contact angle of 130.7° on the surface of most BiOCl grown SBBO glass‐ceramic. Furthermore, under visible light illumination water contact angle decreased from 130.7° to 30.8°. Such photo‐induced hydrophilicity and catalytic performance in translucent glass‐ceramics lead self‐cleaning applications.
Effects of catalysts on polymerization and microstructure of sol‐gel derived bioglasses
Authors: Ben‐Arfa Basam A. E. , Fernandes Hugo R. , Salvado Isabel M. M. , Ferreira José M. F. , Pullar Robert C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis work investigates the effects of the type and concentration of acid catalysts on the microstructural features of silica‐rich bioactive glasses (75Si–16Ca–5Na–4P, in mol%) synthesized from acetate and nitrate precursor salts, using an innovative rapid sol‐gel method, followed by thermal stabilization at 550°C. The results of XRD, SEM, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and solid state MAS NMR analysis revealed that the lower degrees of polymerization and network connectivity were found for bioglass powders obtained in the presence of high acid concentrations. A low amount of citric acid gave a polymerization degree similar to that obtained in the absence of any catalyst, but the synthesis time was as short as that found for high acid concentrations. The XRD and FTIR results demonstrated amorphous glass powders free of any nitrate by‐products. The microstructure and degree of polymerization could be modified by changing the type and concentration of acid catalyst, enabling one to tailor the bioactivity of glasses even without changing the starting composition.
Consumer Boycotts as Instruments for Structural Change
Authors: Beck Valentin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractConsumer boycotts have become a frequent form of social protest in the digital age. The corporate malpractices motivating them are varied, including environmental pollution, lack of minimum labour standards, severe mistreatment of animals, lobbying and misinformation campaigns, collaboration or complicity with illegitimate political regimes, and systematic tax evasion and tax fraud. In this article, I argue that organised consumer boycotts should be regarded as a legitimate and purposeful instrument for structural change, provided they conform to a number of normative criteria. In order to show this, the practice and empirical context of consumer boycotts are first outlined. I then lay out and refute three general objections to this practice. Although each of these objections fails, their discussion generates insights concerning the normative standards with which boycotters must comply if they want their campaigns to be both legitimate and successful. These normative criteria are detailed along the lines of two guiding principles, proportionality and transparency. In the final step, I elaborate on structural change as the deeper purpose of consumer boycotts.
Out of the Antilles: Fossil phylogenies support reverse colonization of bats to South America
Authors: Tavares Valéria da C. , Warsi Omar M. , Balseiro Fernando , Mancina Carlos A. , Dávalos Liliana M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimPrevious phylogenies of extant short‐faced bats (Chiroptera: Stenodermatina) supported either two colonization events from the mainland to the Antilles, or reverse colonization, but lacked both fossil data and statistical modelling of biogeography. Recent multi‐locus phylogenies of noctilionoid bats and likelihood modelling of ancestral ranges support a continental origin for the clade. We include all known extinct and extant stenodermatina species and apply statistical modelling to test competing biogeographical hypotheses.LocationThe Neotropics, including the Antilles.MethodsWe combined mitochondrial and nuclear sequences with 302 new morphological characters to infer phylogenies. Bayesian tip‐dating analyses applied codon models to protein‐coding genes, with relaxed molecular clocks fitting a compound Poisson process. The combined maximum clade credibility tree was used in comparisons of alternative biogeographical models.ResultsThe new phylogenies support the fossil Cubanycteris silvai as sister to all extant species of short‐faced bats. Among Artibeus (the sister group to short‐faced bats), the Antillean fossil A. anthonyi has distinctive characters and is nested within the subgenus Artibeus. The common ancestor of all short‐faced bats is inferred to be Antillean, as a mainland origin is unlikely. Founder‐event speciation is the most probable process explaining the distribution of these highly divergent fossil lineages.Main conclusionsDated, character‐based phylogenies of fossil species are indispensable for biogeographical inference: without fossils, biogeographical analyses find a mainland origin for short‐faced bats. The rate of founder speciation in this clade is twice as high as the estimate from noctilionoids in general, highlighting the role of founder events in the diversification of island taxa. Although rare, reverse colonization contributes key species to continental communities. Short‐faced bats, including Cubanycteris, share biomechanical adaptations for a strong bite conferring access to harder figs. We hypothesize these adaptations and characters related to roosting ecology enabled ancestral lineages to successfully establish and diversify on the mainland.
Multimodal teaching analytics: Automated extraction of orchestration graphs from wearable sensor data
Authors: Prieto L.P. , Sharma K. , Kidzinski Ł. , Rodríguez‐Triana M.J. , Dillenbourg P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe pedagogical modelling of everyday classroom practice is an interesting kind of evidence, both for educational research and teachers' own professional development. This paper explores the usage of wearable sensors and machine learning techniques to automatically extract orchestration graphs (teaching activities and their social plane over time) on a dataset of 12 classroom sessions enacted by two different teachers in different classroom settings. The dataset included mobile eye‐tracking as well as audiovisual and accelerometry data from sensors worn by the teacher. We evaluated both time‐independent and time‐aware models, achieving median F1 scores of about 0.7–0.8 on leave‐one‐session‐out k‐fold cross‐validation. Although these results show the feasibility of this approach, they also highlight the need for larger datasets, recorded in a wider variety of classroom settings, to provide automated tagging of classroom practice that can be used in everyday practice across multiple teachers.
Ipragliflozin improves mitochondrial abnormalities in renal tubules induced by a high‐fat diet
Authors: Takagi Susumu , Li Jinpeng , Takagaki Yuta , Kitada Munehiro , Nitta Kyoko , Takasu Toshiyuki , Kanasaki Keizo , Koya Daisuke 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionComplete mechanisms of renoprotective effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have not been elucidated yet. Mitochondrial biogenesis is regulated by membrane GTPases, such as optic atrophy factor 1 and mitofusion 2. Here, we investigated whether SGLT2 inhibition in mice fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD) improved mitochondrial morphology and restored mitochondrial biogenesis‐related molecules.Materials and MethodsMice were fed a control diet or HFD with or without ipragliflozin treatment. After 16 weeks, the kidneys were taken out and utilized for the analysis.ResultsHFD‐fed mice treated with ipragliflozin showed increased caloric intake and ate more food than the control HFD‐fed mice. Body and kidney weights, and blood glucose levels were not altered by ipragliflozin treatment in HFD‐fed mice. Histological analysis showed that, compared with control mice, HFD‐fed mice displayed tubular vacuolation, dilatation and epithelial cell detachment; ipragliflozin ameliorated these alterations. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis showed that the tubule mitochondria of HFD‐fed mice exhibited significant damage. Again, ipragliflozin reversed the damage to a normal state, and restored optic atrophy factor 1 and mitofusion 2 levels in HFD‐fed mice. Increased urine 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in HFD‐fed mice were suppressed by ipragliflozin as well. In vitro experiments using HK‐2 cells revealed that either high glucose or high palmitate suppressed optic atrophy factor 1 and mitofusion 2 levels. Suppression of SGLT2 by a specific small interfering ribonucleic acid or ipragliflozin restored these GTPase levels to their normal values.ConclusionsSGLT2 inhibition might act directly on tubular cells and protect kidney tubular cells from mitochondrial damage by metabolic insults regardless of blood glucose levels or improvement in bodyweight reduction.
Inferring climatic controls of rice stem borers’ spatial distributions using maximum entropy modelling
Authors: Jalaeian M. , Golizadeh A. , Sarafrazi A. , Naimi B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAccurate assessment of pest potential distributions is needed to identify their establishment risks that play a key role in pest management in agricultural ecosystems. We used a correlative niche modelling method (Maxent) to predict and map the spatial distributions of two important rice stem borers, Chilo suppressalis and Sesamia cretica, in paddy fields of Iran. In total, 195 presence occurrence records (101 records for C. suppressalis and 94 records for S. cretica) were compiled. A set of environmental and topographic variables, with the highest effects on the species distributions and the lowest correlations among themselves, were used. The results showed that mainly the northern parts of Iran were the most suitable areas for C. suppressalis, and north, north‐east and south‐west of Iran as the most suitable areas for S. cretica. Both models performed well, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.983 and 0.786 for C. suppressalis and S. cretica, respectively. The Maxent models showed higher accuracy for predicting the distribution of the specialist pest with the small range sizes compared to the generalist species. Assessing the importance of environmental variables, which were derived from the jackknife test, showed the precipitation as the variable with the highest contribution (66%) in explaining the spatial distribution of C. suppressalis compared to the other variables. The distribution of S. cretica was influenced by a set of variables derived from both the precipitation and temperature. The Maxent predictions were useful to map the geographical distributions of the risk for both rice stem borers that is needed to develop effective management strategies.
Carers' preferences for the delivery of therapy services for people with disability in rural Australia: evidence from a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Gallego G. , Dew A. , Lincoln M. , Bundy A. , Bulkeley K. , Brentnall J. , Veitch C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe implementation of the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme is expected to generate a responsive, person‐centred system that will empower people with disability to choose the services and support they receive. However, little attention has been paid to examine how users of the National Disability Insurance Scheme will choose and spend their individual budgets. This study aimed to determine quantitatively the relative importance that carers of people with a disability living in rural Australia place on different therapy service delivery characteristics.MethodsA stated preference discrete choice experiment was incorporated into a survey of carers of people with disability living in rural Australia. Carers chose between therapy delivery services differing in attributes such as travel time to receive therapy, sector providing the service (i.e. Government, not‐for‐profit and private), out‐of‐pocket costs, person who delivers the therapy (therapist or other staff) and waiting time.ResultsA total of 133 carers completed the discrete choice experiment. The majority of respondents cared for a child with a disability (84%); the average age of the person they cared for was 17 years (SD 14.25). Participants expressed strong preferences for a short waiting time (0–3 months) to receive therapy services; services delivered by a therapist, no out‐of‐pocket cost and travelling up to 4 h to receive a therapy session (P < 0.05). Sector providing the service was not statistically significant.ConclusionCarers of people with a disability in rural Australia exhibited strongest preferences for short waiting times (0–3 months). Therapy services that are delivered by therapy assistants or support workers will require careful introduction to achieve uptake and acceptability.