bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instability of the Hip Joint After Posterior Acetabular Wall Fracture
Authors: Patel Jay H. , Moed Berton R. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Exact determinants of hip instability have not been established for fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum involving ≤50% of the wall. Therefore, examination of the hip under anesthesia (EUA) is routinely performed. Recently, the superior exit point of the fracture has been reported to be an important identifiable risk factor. Pre-existing adult hip dysplasia (developmental dysplasia of the hip [DDH]) is thought to have a similar role. The purpose of this study was to determine if any known radiographic measurements and signs associated with DDH, or any fracture characteristics, are independent risk factors for hip instability after fracture of the posterior wall of the acetabulum.

Methods:
All patients with a posterior acetabular wall fracture (OTA 62.A1) treated at our institution between 2004 and 2015 were considered for the study. Inclusion criteria were an age of ≥18 years, an isolated posterior acetabular wall fracture involving ≤50% of the acetabular wall, adequate imaging, and documented EUA results. Evaluated variables included fracture fragment size, superior exit point of the fracture, center-edge angle, acetabular index, Tönnis angle, lateralized head sign, crossover sign, posterior wall sign, ischial spine sign, and hip version. Data were examined using univariate testing, followed by a multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Sixty-eight patients met all of the inclusion criteria. Univariate analyses identified the posterior wall sign (p = 0.033), ischial spine sign (p = 0.030), and proximity of the superior exit point of the fracture to the acetabular dome (p = 0.044) as having a significant association with hip instability. However, multivariate logistic regression modeling revealed that none of these factors were significant independent risk factors.

Conclusions:
Consistent with previous studies, univariate analyses identified certain radiographic findings as significant risk factors for hip instability in the setting of a fracture of the posterior wall of the acetabulum. However, subsequent multivariate logistic regression modeling showed that no studied variable was an independent risk factor. Our results indicate that important factors leading to hip instability are yet to be identified or the contributions of the measured variables are relatively small. Therefore, EUA should remain the main clinical determinant of hip stability status.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Overlapping and Concurrent Surgery
Authors: Levin Paul E. , Moon Daniel , Payne Diane E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:
Overlapping and concurrent surgeries form a continuum of simultaneous surgical practice in which a single surgeon has 2 or more patients in operating rooms at the same time. Undeniably, in an acute life-or-limb-threatening presentation, it may be essential for a surgeon to care for 2 individual patients simultaneously. These situations are different from scheduled elective surgery. Concurrent surgery is defined as the attending surgeon not being present for “critical and key” portions of a procedure. Billing for concurrent surgical procedures is a violation of the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services guidelines. The American College of Surgeons Statement of Principles (April 2016), adopted by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, judges the practice of concurrent surgery to be “inappropriate.” Overlapping surgery, although permissible under regulatory guidelines in the United States, presents substantial professional, bioethical, and legal concerns, and threatens our obligation as orthopaedic surgeons to respect the primacy of patient welfare and an individual’s autonomy.
A POLÍTICA DE FOMENTO À CRIAÇÃO DOS NÚCLEOS DE INOVAÇÕES TECNOLÓGICAS APLICADA ÀS INSTITUIÇÕES HOSPITALARES – O CASO “FHEMIG-INOVA”
Authors: Capanema Flávio Diniz , Andrade Ane Graziela Ferreira , Martins Bruna Jacomini , Dos Santos Paola Souza 
Published: December 2017

O processo de Inovação Tecnológica perpassa a realidade econômica mundial, configurando-se como fator estratégico e de soberania nacional. Com a implantação da Lei da Inovação em 2004, e mais recentemente, do Código de Ciência e Inovação em 2016, o Brasil tem buscado incentivar a criação dos Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica (NITs) dentro das Instituições de Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica de todo o país. Os NITs são órgãos responsáveis por criar, estimular e proteger a inovação tecnológica, atendendo às demandas do mercado, com a função primordial de fomentar a política de inovação e proteção intelectual no país. A área da saúde ainda apresenta poucas ações de gestão voltadas para o fomento da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em suas instituições e com escassez de atuação de NITs no setor hospitalar em especial. Este artigo visa relatar o processo de criação de um NIT na Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), sua atuação com agente responsável pela gestão da política de inovação e seus resultados alcançados desde a sua criação. Trata-se de ação pioneira, sendo a única entidade unicamente hospitalar a constituir um NIT em Minas Gerais.
Load rejection transient with joint closing law of ball-valve and guide vane for two units in pumped storage power station
Authors: Li Xiaoqin , Tang Xuelin , Shi Xiaoyan , Chen Honghao , Li Changsheng 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
It is more dangerous for the units sharing the same division pipeline system than those sharing individual system during the load rejection transient for a high water head pumped storage station. A new mathematical model for the load rejection transient in these two units sharing the same division pipeline was proposed using method of internal characteristic (MIC). The transient relationship between the geometric parameters and working parameters was established based on the dynamic equations of the hydraulic machinery. Meanwhile, the calculation of the load rejection transient was accomplished and compared with field experimental data from a pumped storage power station. The relative errors of the maximum rotational speed of the two units between the predicted results and the experimental data were −5.9% and −4.44%, respectively, and the relative errors of the maximum rising of hydraulic pressure were −6.7% and −6.98%, respectively. The results met with the design specification requirements, which indicated that the proposed new MIC could completely predict the load rejection transient in these two units with joint closing law of ball-valve and guide vane, and the corresponding calculated results were acceptable and reliable. The MIC is also applicable to the transient investigation of hydraulic systems with hydraulic machinery.
The floods of December 2015 in northern England: description of the events and possible implications for flood hydrology in the UK
Authors: Spencer Peter , Faulkner Duncan , Perkins Ian , Lindsay David , Dixon Guy , Parkes Matthew , Lowe Andrew , Asadullah Anita , Hearn Kim , Gaffney Liam , Parkes Adam , James Richard 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In December 2015, northern England experienced two major flooding events with extreme, even in some locations unprecedented, rainfalls and flooding. New 24-, 36-, and 48-hour UK rainfall records were created of 341.4, 401.4, and 405.2 mm, respectively. Three river-flow gauging stations, with flows of around 1,700 m3/s exceeded the previous peak flow record for England and Wales. There was widespread flooding, including major towns and cities, some of which had recent flood alleviation schemes. In Cumbria, the flood events in 2005, 2009 and 2015 compared with previous and historical events raise questions about the stationarity of the flood data and flood-producing mechanisms. These possible effects are less apparent elsewhere in northern England. This paper discusses whether present methods of estimating flood risk are able to cope with such extreme events and suggests topics for future research. In the meantime, for studies where flood estimates are important, practical hydrologists are faced with the difficult task of producing design flood estimates which fit with our understanding of these events.
Improving streamflow forecast using optimal rain gauge network-based input to artificial neural network models
Authors: Adhikary Sajal Kumar , Muttil Nitin , Yilmaz Abdullah Gokhan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Accurate streamflow forecasting is of great importance for the effective management of water resources systems. In this study, an improved streamflow forecasting approach using the optimal rain gauge network-based input to artificial neural network (ANN) models is proposed and demonstrated through a case study (the Middle Yarra River catchment in Victoria, Australia). First, the optimal rain gauge network is established based on the current rain gauge network in the catchment. Rainfall data from the optimal and current rain gauge networks together with streamflow observations are used as the input to train the ANN. Then, the best subset of significant input variables relating to streamflow at the catchment outlet is identified by the trained ANN. Finally, one-day-ahead streamflow forecasting is carried out using ANN models formulated based on the selected input variables for each rain gauge network. The results indicate that the optimal rain gauge network-based input to ANN models gives the best streamflow forecasting results for the training, validation and testing phases in terms of various performance evaluation measures. Overall, the study concludes that the proposed approach is highly effective to achieve the enhanced streamflow forecasting and could be a viable option for streamflow forecasting in other catchments.
Bias-aware data assimilation in integrated hydrological modelling
Authors: Ridler Marc-Etienne , Zhang Donghua , Madsen Henrik , Kidmose Jacob , Refsgaard Jens C. , Jensen Karsten H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
One of the major challenges in hydrological data assimilation applications is the presence of bias in both models and observations. The present study uses the ensemble transform Kalman filtering (ETKF) method and an observational bias estimation technique to estimate groundwater hydraulic heads. The study was carried out in a relatively complex, groundwater dominated, catchment in Denmark using the MIKE SHE model code. The method is implemented and evaluated using synthetic data and subsequently tested against real observations. The results from the synthetic experiments show that the bias-aware filter outperforms the standard filter, with improved state estimate and correct bias estimate. The assimilation using real observations further demonstrates the robustness of bias-aware ETKF, and the potential improvements using integrated hydrological modelling. Furthermore, the experiments with assimilating over different depths show that the state estimates depend on correlation across layers.
Ezqsar: An R Package for Developing QSAR Models Directly From Structures
Authors: Shamsara Jamal 
Published: December 2017

Background:Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) is a difficult computational chemistry approach for beginner scientists and a time consuming one for even more experienced researchers.Method and Materials:Ezqsar which is introduced here addresses both the issues. It considers important steps to have a reliable QSAR model. Besides calculation of descriptors using CDK library, highly correlated descriptors are removed, a provided data set is divided to train and test sets, descriptors are selected by a statistical method, statistical parameter for the model are presented and applicability domain is investigated.Results:Finally, the model can be applied to predict the activities for an extra set of molecules for a purpose of either lead optimization or virtual screening. The performance is demonstrated by an example.Conclusion:The R package, ezqsar, is freely availableviahttps://github.com/shamsaraj/ezqsar, and it runs on Linux and MS-Windows.
Valorization of Building Retrofitting Waste as Alternative Materials in Gypsums
Authors: Del Río Merino Mercedes , Astorqui Jaime Santa Cruz , Sáez Paola Villoria , Arrebola Carmen Viñas , Sánchez Antonio Rodríguez , Amores César Porras 
Published: December 2017

Introduction:The lack of treatment of construction demolition waste (CDW) is a problem that must be solved immediately. It is estimated that the unused CDW generates an increase in the use of new materials close to 20% of the total materials consumed worldwide. Because of that, the use of CDW in building materials is an interesting alternative to guarantee their application. In the last years, many research works are being carried out in order to analyze the viability of using CDW as a substitute for the traditional raw materials that cause high environmental impact.However, much remains to be done, because these works generally characterize materials but not specific applications that allow the agents of construction to provide assurance required by the projects.Aim:The research group TEMA from the School of Building Construction (UPM) is working on this topic with the University of Seville, University of Burgos and the University of Zaragoza, developing a research project called "Waste to resources (W2R)". The main goal of the project is to develop new materials, elements and construction systems, manufactured with CDW generated in building retrofitting works, to be used in improving the energy efficiency of buildings.Results:In this article, some of the results of the W2R project are presented, namely the identification, quantification and characterization of the types of waste generated in renovation works to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and their possible applications as fillers in plasters to improve the performance of the original materials with a significant reduction in raw material, and thus reduce the environmental impact.Conclusions:Concrete and ceramics are the most commonly generated waste categories in building rehabilitation works to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings. These waste categories are generated during the preparation of the surface prior to the execution of the works. Also, mixed waste from insulation materials can be highlighted due to its volume.
Environmental Improvement in Use of Fine Fraction Recycled Aggregates as a Raw Material in Masonry Mortar Fabrication
Authors: Cortina Mariano González , Martínez Pablo Saiz , Martínez Francisco Fernández 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Great use of raw material and natural resources as well as generation of huge amount of waste make the construction and building sector one of the less sustainable human activities.

Objective:
The main aim of this research is to study both technical feasibility and environmental sustainability of fine fraction recycled aggregates (RA) use in masonry mortar fabrication. Method. The tests were developed using the binder CEM IV/B (V) 32.5 N and two types of RA: ceramic RA and concrete RA. The substitution percentages were 50%, 75% and 100% and cement-to-aggregate by dry weight proportions were 1:3 and 1:4.

Results:
Performed tests show that cement-based mortars fabricated with CEM IV/B (V) 32. 5 N can incorporate concrete and ceramic recycled aggregates, using both cement-to-aggregate proportions, complying with the limits established by the Spanish standards. On the other hand, carbon footprint calculation of one of the RA used in the research and a comparative study with natural aggregate (NA) carbon footprint were carried out to analyze environmental sustainability of fine fraction RA. Conclusion. The results show that the amount of kgCo2eq released into the atmosphere as a result of RA fabrication is significantly lower compared with the emissions from NA fabrication, and therefore the use of this type of waste reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
Bio-Composites to Tackle UK Built Environment Carbon Emissions: Comparative Analysis on Load-Bearing Capacity, Hygroscopic and Thermal Performance of Compressed Earth Blocks with Addition of Industrial Hemp Waste
Authors: Minguela Alberto Fernandez 
Published: December 2017

Background:The built environment contributes up to 47% of the UK’s CO2emissions. Typically, building materials have an energy intensive life cycle. The UK construction industry generated 100 million tonnes of total waste in 2012. Only half of this was diverted from landfill. Facing this scenario, a mainstream transition towards biological materials in the building sector is encouraged to reduce embodied energy and carbon and to divert construction waste from landfill.Objective:This research aims to inform UK producers that there are available bio-composite materials for construction that can meet the mainstream requirements.Method:This paper analyses the effect of the addition of waste from industrial hemp agriculture to Earth Blocks on the performance of building products. To avoid potentially negative consequences of food displacement, an agricultural by-product from industrial hemp production was used. Hemp was also selected due to its known superior hygrothermal performance.In the study, fine hemp shiv was added to Compressed Earth Blocks’ mix following three different Earth/Hemp ratios (75/25; 62.5/37.5; 50/50) also a control series. The compressive strength, conductivity and moisture performance were tested, analysed and then compared with the mainstream values.Results:The results revealed that blocks’ load-bearing capacity reduced and thermal conductivity also reduced, hence increasing its insulation capacity. The moisture performance also reduced as hemp ratio increased. In comparison with the mainstream products, the results comply with the standard requirements. Thermal capacity overperformed mainstream products.Conclusion:A closed loop approach for the construction industry is possible. Bio-composite materials offer the industry an option for the reduction of embodied energy, carbon emissions and construction waste, while meeting industry standards and building regulations.
Proliferation of Local Governments in Indonesia: Identity Politics within a Troubled Nation State
Authors: Santoso Purwo 
Published: December 2017

This article aims to scrutinise the phenomenon of proliferation of local government units in Indonesia in order to understand how identity politics has evolved within and through the process of decentralization. In doing so, there are several points to make. The numbers of districts and municipalities in Indonesia have doubled within six years. Local governments have proliferated in the sense that the numbers of local government units have multiplied rapidly in such a short period. There were 'only' a little bit more than 200 units when Suharto stepped down in 1998, and that had more than doubled to 466 units in 2006. Interestingly, this took place in an absence of a definite plan, as the state showed its enthusiasm for decentralisation and a bottom-up process of decision-making. First, the state can no longer maintain its hegemonic role. Under the regimes of Sukarno and Suharto, the state possessed relatively effective technocratic and bureaucratic apparatus that ensured effective control over its people and agenda. Through technocratically equipped bureaucracies the state mobilised certain kinds of discourse that, in turn, defined what was deemed proper under the banner of ethnic and religious solidarity. Second, local elites play critical roles in the process of proliferation. Moreover, in many cases their roles have reversed since the fall of the New Order. Previously, they were co-opted by the state but now, they are co-opting the state. Why is that so? The state is well aware of and even too sensitive to the potential of ethnic-based, race-motivated conflicts, as well as secession (Wellman 2005). Indeed, conflicts did take place quite extensively in Indonesia for that reason. As a result, the state opts to accomodate the interests of local elites instead of confronting them. In other words, proliferation of local government serves as a strategy for preventing political disintegration. Local autonomy is currently the best available solution to ethnic conflict in Indonesia (Bertrand 2004). Third, the proliferation of local governments confirms the importance of territoriality or territorial attachment (Kahler and Walter 2006). Territory serves as a basis for identity politics. By establishing a new set of local governments, the central government still retains territorial control and, at the same time, local activists also have an opportunity to do so.
Representaciones de la nación en el ensayo argentino. Una lectura crítica a la centralidad pampeana
Authors: Elbirt Ana Laura 
Published: December 2017

En este artículo se examina el rol estratégico del ensayismo argentino en la construcción de una identidad nacional, abarcando tres períodos: la Generación de 1837, la Generación de 1880 y el movimiento del Centenario de la República. Asimismo, se recupera la perspectiva de un intelectual “extracéntrico”, Bernardo Canal Feijóo, quien critica al ensayismo de supuesta temática nacional, afirmando que la literatura argentina es la expresión de una sola porción del país: el litoral o la pampa. Se analiza su ensayo de “regionalización” de las producciones culturales, privilegiando un área compleja y dinámica: el “noroeste” argentino.
Historia de un monumento antifascista involuntario: el muro de Berlín
Authors: Gandler Stefan 
Published: December 2017

<p>Esta entrevista busca indagar en una noción generalizada con respecto a la banalización de los muros: se piensa que su materialidad es el problema y su derrumbe, la solución. Sin embargo, los muros y las fronteras afirman una serie de ideologías que vencen o perecen y que se olvidan cuando simplificamos acontecimientos sociales, políticos, económicos y geográficos. La "caída" del muro de Berlín pasó a las nuevas generaciones mediante un imaginario de emancipación: un logro "inmenso" en favor de la unificación del capitalismo en el mundo.</p>
Fronteras, bordes y espacios de encuentro. Un análisis sobre la fragmentación urbana
Authors: Hernández Dorantes Diego 
Published: December 2017

<p>En la ciudad existen diversas formas de habitar e interactuar que responden a las culturas urbanas que la conforman.1 En este sentido no es homogénea, sino fragmentaria y polivalente; dentro de esta diversidad se evidencian límites entre grupos distintos.<br />Para algunos antropólogos, dichos límites comienzan con nosotros mismos, con aquello que nos representa y aquello que nos representó, y es mediante tales elementos que construimos<br />nuestra identidad.2 Esta separación entre lo que nos resulta y lo que nos resultaba familiar permite identificar lo que sentimos como nuestro espacio. Los límites en cuestión también responden a lo que somos y a lo que dejamos de ser, por lo cual nuestras fronteras nos permiten conocernos y dar a conocer lo que somos por medio de diferencias y similitudes con otros individuos. Esta forma de entender los límites les brinda una condición flexible y dinámica,<br />pues a través de ellos nos reconocemos y nos diferenciamos en un acto continuo; así como nosotros cambiamos, éstos pueden transformarse. Sin embargo, no todos los límites que generamos<br />mantienen estas condiciones. En el entorno nos encontramos a menudo con fronteras que condicionan nuestros modos de vida de manera diferente a lo esperado.</p>