bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress-Strain Relationships in Yarns Subjected to Rapid Impact Loading: Part X: Stress-Strain Curves Obtained by Impacts with Rifle Bullets
Authors: Smith Jack C. , Fenstermaker Carl A. , Shouse Paul J. 
Published: November 2015

When a yarn is struck transversely, a V-shaped wave of transverse motion is caused to spread outwards at a velocity Ū depending upon the impact velocity V. In this research data on Ū vs V for impact velocities between 10 m/sec and 700 m/sec are analyzed to determine stress-strain behavior in high-tenacity nylon and polyester yarns. The data are obtained by shooting rifle bullets at a yarn and recording the resulting configurations by microflash photography. A strain-rate-independent theory for transverse impact behavior is used to calculate stress-strain data. It was found that the time required to break a yarn depended upon the impact velocity. Nylon yarns broke 10 μsec after impact at 650 m/sec with a calculated breaking strain of 10.0% and tenacity of 77 g/tex. At 495 m/sec velocity the yarn broke within 100 μsec at 7.4% strain and 52 g/tex tenacity. The corresponding values in polyester yarn were, for a 10-μsec break, 620 m/sec, 10.5%, and 67 g/tex; for a 100-μsec break, 420 m/sec, 6.5%, and 40 g/tex.
In Vivo Cutaneous Response to Fabric Part V: Effect of Fiber Type and Fabric Moisture Content on Stratum Corneum Hydration
Authors: Hatch Kathryn L. , Markee Nancy L. , Prato Harriet H. , Zeronian S. Haig , Maibach Howard I. , Kuehl Robert O. , Axelson Rick D. 
Published: November 2015

Fabric placed over human skin may change the stratum corneum (SC) hydration level, an important phenomenon because increases in normal levels of SC hydration pose potential health problems. The skin becomes more susceptible to abrasive damage, increases in permeability, and is more prone to microbial growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fiber type and fabric moisture content on SC hydration. Using three similarly constructed knit fabrics, six fabric type/moisture content combinations were selected for the tests. Using an occluded plastic dome, fabric samples were placed on both “normal” and “hydrated” volar forearm skin of subjects for a specified time period, then removed. Two minutes after removal, evaporative water loss and skin temperature were measured. The design of the study was a randomized complete block with all possible treatment combinations applied to each subject. Data were analyzed using analyses of variance on the linear and quadratic coefficients of best fit lines and Bonferroni t tests. For “normal” skin, SC hydration generally increased as fabric moisture content increased. The SC was significantly drier after being in contact with cotton fabric at regain than at the two moisture content levels above regain, and also under polyester fabric. For hydrated skin, the hydration state was significantly lower under the cotton fabric at regain than at 38.6% moisture content and at saturation, but was not significantly different under the polyester fabric at regain and at saturation.
Using Evaluation and Research Theory to Improve Programs in Applied Settings: An Interview with Thomas D. Cook
Authors: Buescher Thomas M. 
Published: November 2015

Designing and improving programs that serve clients in real-life or applied settings is a formidable challenge. The problems and pitfalls that await unsuspecting program designers who seek to evaluate the impact of their work on young people or adults are legion. In the past, educators and social scientists looked to formal research design strategies to more adequately solve the questions of impact and benefit. Yet the approach often has proven to be too narrow and unwieldly in the complex, real-life context common to programs serving children or adolescents at school or home. To explore these issues more fully and seek answers to key questions confronting educators who design programs for gifted and talented students, JEG interviewed Thomas D. Cook, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology and Research Fellow at the Center for Urban Studies, Northwestern University. Professor Cook has authored numerous books and articles regarding the use of research and evaluation theory and design, including the classic textbook in the field, Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues in field settings with Donald Campbell.
The Secondary Triad Model
Authors: Rei Sally M. , Renzulli Joseph S. 
Published: November 2015

The Secondary Triad Model (Reis & Renzulli, 1985) evolved after several years of experience with numerous field test sites in which the Enrichment Triad Model had been implemented at the elementary level. In early attempts at the junior and senior high school levels, several problems emerged that were not easily resolved through the use of the elementary administrative design. These problems included scheduling, finding time for creative/productive work in “content crowded” classes, and developing administrative and staff support. How to blend the gifted program into already existing options such as advanced placement, honors classes and extra-curricular activities was an additional concern. The Secondary Triad Model, which has been implemented in many sites, begins with the formation of an Interdisciplinary Planning Team (IPT) that includes faculty members who volunteer to participate from each of the major academic areas. This team plans and organizes program goals and activities, and meets on a regular basis to discuss curriculum compacting options for students and to plan schoolwide enrichment opportunities. The Secondary Model also includes the formation of Talent Pool classes which are based in the Enrichment Triad Model. These classes actually become self-contained Triad programs within each discipline and allow regular curriculum to be compacted so that students may participate in Type I and Type II activities within the subject, and “revolve into” Type III experiences, if interests develop.
Humor and Giftedness
Authors: Ziv Avner , Gadish Orit 
Published: November 2015

Two studies investigated humor among gifted adolescents. The first compared the choices received on a sociometry of humor test by a group of gifted adolescents and by their peers in 30 classrooms. It was found that while sociometric choices were normally distributed in the general population, gifted adolescents received either few or many choices, in a bimodal distribution. The second study compared personality traits of gifted adolescents receiving high and low scores on a humor test. The results showed that gifted adolescent humorists were more extroverted, more creative and lower in their needs for social approval. Tentative explanations for these findings as well as practical implications are presented.
Identification of Gifted Students: An Analysis of Criteria Preferred by Preservice Teachers, Classroom Teachers, and Teachers of the Gifted
Authors: Schack Gina D. , Starko Alane J. 
Published: November 2015

This study describes criteria preferred by teachers when recommending students for gifted programs. It also examines differences between expert and novice teachers of the gifted by comparing the preferences of preservice teachers, classroom teachers, and teachers of the gifted. The sample included 308 subjects from three states with varying definitions of giftedness. Subjects were asked to indicate preferences from a list of 18 possible criteria. Overall, the criteria of: creativity, learns quickly and easily, initiates own learning, and curiosity, were chosen most frequently. Chi square analysis indicated several criteria for which there were significant differences among the three groups of teachers. Discriminant function analysis provided functions that distinguished among all three groups as well as between classroom teachers and teachers of the gifted. Criteria preferred by teachers of the gifted were more consistent with theorists' recommendations than were those of either classroom or preservice teachers. Implications for identification and teacher training are discussed.
Evaluation of Gifted Programs: Current Practices
Authors: Hunsaker Scott L. , Callahan Carolyn M. 
Published: November 2015

In an effort to describe current gifted program evaluation practices, a review of articles, ERIC documents, and dissertations were supplemented by evaluation reports solicited by The National Research Center on the Gifted e) Talented at The University of Virginia from public school, private school, and professional sources. Seventy evaluation reports were received. These were coded according to ten variables dealing with evaluation design, methodology, and usefulness. Frequencies and chi squares were computed for each variable. A major concern brought out by this study is the paucity of evaluation reports/results made available to the NRC G/T. This may be due to a lack of gifted program evaluations, or to dissatisfaction with evaluation designs and results. Other concerns included lack of methodological sophistication, reporting, and utility concerns. Some promising practices were apparent in the studies reviewed. A large sub-set of the evaluations were done for program improvement and employed multiple methodologies, sources, analysis techniques, and reporting formats with utility practices that produce needed changes. In addition, most evaluations focused on a number of key areas in the gifted program rather than settling for generalized impressions about the program.
Relationships between Programming Practices and Outcomes in a Summer Residential School of Gifted Adolescents
Authors: Coleman Laurence J. , Cross Tracy L. 
Published: November 2015

A study was conducted to determine which practices in a special school for gifted and talented adolescents were associated with ratings of effectiveness of program outcomes. Subjects included 2,213 students attending the five Tennessee Governor's Schools from 1986 to 1988 and the directors of the schools. Questionnaire data collected from the students were compared with internal data gathered via interviews from the school directors to establish which changes in practice influenced students' ratings. Relationships were found between student' ratings of program effectiveness and director' changes in program practices. In addition, yearly evaluation data were compared with three year evaluation data to illustrate potential misinterpretations of program effectiveness. A case is made to expand the time line for program evaluations so the iterative nature of the relationship between practices and outcomes will emerge against the specific program backdrop which includes population characteristics and director decision making.
Skin Flap Tension and Wound Slough: Correlation with Laser Doppler Velocimetry
Authors: Larrabee Wayne F. , Holloway G. Allen , Trachy Ron E. , Sutton Dwight 
Published: November 2015

The effects of wound tension on flap viability and blood flow are investigated in an animal model using the domestic piglet. In flaps with an impaired blood supply, wound closing tensions >250 g resulted in a significantly increased incidence of flap necrosis. The laser Doppler is a device of recent origin for the measurement of cutaneous blood flow. In this study, it provided a simple quantitative measure of the inverse relationship between skin tension and blood flow.
Stapes Prosthesis Comparison
Authors: Elonka Dennis R. , Derlacki Eugene L. , Harrison Wiley H. 
Published: November 2015

Ninety‐four consecutive stapedectomy cases using the Robinson stainless steel prosthesis are compared with 100 consecutive cases using the House stainless steel wire prosthesis. The air‐bone gap was closed to within 10 dB in 94% of the cases with the Robinson prosthesis and in 88% of the cases using the House stainless steel wire prosthesis. There appeared to be no difference in the improvement at 2,000 and 4,000 cycles between the two techniques and the results were the same. Statistical study revealed there is no significant difference in the two techniques and there is no other variable.
Regeneration of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Authors: Crumley Roger L. , McCabe Brian F. 
Published: November 2015

Ten dogs underwent exploration and section of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. A segment was removed and both stumps were ligated. Reoperation at three months and again at 15 months revealed neural regeneration through the ligated site and reconstitution of the distal nerve in seven of the eight dogs surviving the 15‐month period. This strong regenerative capability of the recurrent laryngeal nerve may explain recurrences of spastic dysphonia after nerve section. It is recommended that patients be advised of the possibility for return of the spasms. Investigators should always note whether the recurrent laryngeal nerve has regained stimulability in reporting results of experimental laryngeal paralysis and reinnervation.
Auditory evoked responses, impedance measures, and diagnostic speech audiometry in severe head injury
Authors: Hall James W. , Huangfu Musan , Gennarelli Thomas A. , Dolinskas Carol A. , Olson Kristine , Berry Grant A. 
Published: November 2015

Three case studies are presented to illustrate the clinical usefulness of serial electrophysiologic and behavioral audiologic assessments in describing CNS function in severe head injury. There was an association among acute auditory brain stem and middle‐latency evoked response findings, computed tomography of brain abnormality and neurologic status, and rate of recovery. Auditory evoked response findings 4 days after injury were also correlated with long‐term outcome of diagnostic speech audiometry.
Effects of position change on optokinetic nystagmus and optokinetic after‐nystagmus in man
Authors: Calhoun Karen H. , Leliever William C. , Correia Manning J. 
Published: November 2015

Horizontal and vertical optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and optokinetic after‐nystagmus (OKAN) were studied in 17 normal subjects who were positioned either upright or laterally tilted 90°. OKAN responses were observed in 15 of 17 subjects; horizontal OKAN asymmetry was found in 5 of 15 subjects. Static lateral tilt produced an increase in downbeat vertical OKAN (VOKAN) response and no change in horizontal OKAN (HOKAN) response. Tilt did not produce changes in either horizontal or vertical OKN. The finding of modulation of VOKAN with head tilt in humans suggests a potential test for otolith‐canal interaction.
Auricular Reconstruction with Postauricular Myocutaneous Flap
Authors: Krespi Yosef P. , Ries William R. , Shugar Joel M.A. , Sisson George A. 
Published: November 2015

In the past reconstruction of large auricular defects more than 2 cm have been repaired with the use of local skin flaps from various sites in multiple stages. This entails longer hospitalization and a poorer aesthetic result. We developed a postauricular myocutaneous flap that has been used successfully in five patients. The cosmetic results are superior to previously described reconstructive techniques. This flap, which can be used in immediate one‐stage reconstruction, is based on the auricular branch of the posterior auricular artery. This vessel supplies the auricularis posterior muscle, the skin over the mastoid, and the cranial surface of the auricle. This vessel was dissected and found to be anatomically consistent in five cadavers.
Incidence of Eye Injuries in Facial Fractures: An Analysis of 727 Cases
Authors: Holt G. Richard , Holt Jean Edwards 
Published: November 2015

From 1973 to 1980, 727 patients with facial fractures received formal ophthalmologic consultation. The series included 174 mandible fractures, 29 nasal fractures, 436 midfacial fractures, and 88 frontal fractures. Of these, a total of 67% sustained some degree of ocular injuries. Seventy‐nine percent of the eye injuries were categorized as temporary, 18% were serious, and 3% were blinding. Of the mandibular fractures, 29% had ocular injuries, 59% nasal fractures, 59% midfacial fractures, and 89% frontal fractures.
Monitoring Free Flap Perfusion by Serial Fluorometry
Authors: Denneny James C. , Weisman Robert A. , Silverman David G. 
Published: November 2015

An efficient method to evaluate the patency of microvascular anastomoses and to predict flap viability is crucial when free flaps are used in reconstructive surgery. We report a study of 60 neurovascular island flaps in rats where the nutrient artery and/or vein were transected and anastomosed. Fluorescein dye was injected immediately after anastomosis, and the uptake and elimination of dye were quantified at 5‐minute intervals with the fiberoptic perfusion fluorometer. Analysis of dye delivery clearly identified six hypofluorescent flaps presumed to be ischemic. In five of these flaps, revision was attempted. Three evidenced improved fluorescein uptake and elimination on reinjection of dye. These flaps survived, wheras the other two necrosed. Of the 54 flaps deemed patent after the first injection, two evidenced poor fluorescence on reinjection 3 hours later. These flaps necrosed and evidenced venous thrombosis (which probably occurred during the 3 hours between the first and second injections). Fiberoptic fluorometry can be employed to assess a free flap immediately after vascular anastomosis and throughout the critical hours postoperatively. Assessment of uptake and elimination after single or serial injections reflects flap perfusion and predicts viability with a high degree of accuracy.
Effect of Hypoxia on Laryngeal Reflex Apnea—Implications for Sudden Infant Death
Authors: Lanier Brent , Richardson Mark A , Cummings Charles 
Published: November 2015

Apnea was elicited by the application of chemical stimuli to the laryngeal region of 25 piglets from 1 to 70 days of age. Animals were tested under normoxic and hypoxic conditions with water and solutions of graded acid and salt concentration. The chemoreflex was found to diminish with postnatal age. Fatal apneic episodes were confined to animals less than 3 weeks of age. Hypoxia consistently augmented the reflex, and in some cases elicited fatal apnea in animals that had survived similar stimulation under normoxic conditions. A direct relationship was also found between the strength of stimulus and respiratory response. Apnea increased with diminishing NaCl concentration or pH. The reflex was abolished by bilateral section of the superior laryngeal nerves. Fatal apnea elicited by laryngeal chemostimulation under the circumstance of hypoxia may provide further insight into the enigma of sudden infant death.
Retrolabyrinthine Section of the Vestibular Nerve
Authors: House John W. , Hitselberger William E. , McElveen John , Brackmann Derald E. 
Published: November 2015

When symptoms of dizziness and episodic vertigo cannot be controlled through medical management or drainage procedures such as endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt operations, selective vestibular nerve section may be necessary. In the 1920s eighth cranial nerve sections were performed by neurosurgeons through the suboccipital approach but were frequently associated with hearing loss and facial paralysis. The middle fossa approach has been popularized by Dr. William House and others as a method of selectively sectioning the vestibular nerve and preserving facial and cochlear function. More recently the suboccipital retrolabyrinthine approach has been described as a method of selectively sectioning the vestibular nerve. We have reviewed 42 cases of suboccipital retrolabyrinthine selective section of the vestibular nerve performed at the Otologic Medical Group over the past 2 years. The shortest follow‐up on these patients has been 6 months. Thirty‐two patients had preoperative diagnosis of Meniere's disease, and of these patients 25 had had previous endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt surgery. Eighty‐five percent (27 patients) experienced complete relief of vertigo following surgery, while 6% (two patients) stated they were improved. Three patients reported no relief. There were 10 patients with dizziness who had a diagnosis other than Meniere's disease. In this diverse group three experienced complete relief of vertigo, five were improved, and two reported no improvement of vertigo following surgery. None of the patients lost his hearing as a result of the surgery and there was no facial weakness. One patient had postoperative CSF rhinorrhea and another had meningitis.
Kaposi's Sarcoma of the Head and Neck in the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Patow Carl A. , Steis Ronald , Longo Dan L. , Reichert Cheryl M. , Findlay Peggy A. , Potter Dorothy , Masur Henry , Lane H. Clifford , Fauci Anthony S. , Macher Abe M. 
Published: November 2015

Since 1981 a new syndrome of acquired immune deficiency (AIDS) has been recognized. Male homosexuals, male and female intravenous drug abusers, and recipients of blood products (i.e., hemophiliacs) appear to be the populations at risk. The syndrome has been manifested by community‐acquired opportunistic infections and/or Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Otolaryngologic manifestations of AIDS are not infrequent. Thirteen AIDS patients at the National Institutes of Health with KS of the head and neck region are presented. All 13 patients were homosexual or bisexual males. Nine initially presented with KS, five with KS of the head or neck. As a group the patients demonstrated lesions involving the oropharyngeal, tracheobronchial, and gastrointestinal regions. Their clinical course and complications are presented in detail. The mortality rate in this subgroup of AIDS patients is extraordinarily high (62%), with an average longevity of 11 months following initial diagnosis.
Nonhypersomnolent Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Moran Willard B. , Orr William C. , Fixley Mark S. , Wittels Ellison E. 
Published: November 2015

Until recently, snoring had been considered both a medical enigma and a psychosocial problem. Snoring is now considered to be an acoustic phenomenon produced by vibration of the soft palate and the tonsillar pillars. We describe 20 patients with a clinical complaint of excessive snoring who were referred to rule out obstructive sleep apnea. All patients were without symptoms of daytime sleepiness and failure of the right heart. Twenty subjects were studied, 18 of whom were males. All subjects were monitored for one full night in the Sleep Laboratory. The apnea rate ranged from 9.0 to 94.0 incidents an hour with a mean of 30.0. Eight of the 20 subjects had obstructive episodes longer than 1 minute and three others had episodes longer than 55 seconds. Hypersomnolence, long thought to be a cardinal symptom, is not present in all patients with an ostensibly significant degree of obstructive sleep apnea.
Laryngectomee Study: Clinical and Radiologic Correlates of Esophageal Voice
Authors: Daou Raymond A. , Robillard Judith , Remy Huguette , Turner Nancy , Attia Elhamy L. 
Published: November 2015

This study reports the results of an analysis of the relationship between clinical and radiologic factors, on the one hand, and the acquisition of esophageal speech, on the other. It involved 25 laryngectomees who underwent videofluoroscopy of their pseudoglottis at least 6 months following laryngectomy. Significant correlations were found between esophageal speech performance and each of the following variables: tumor size, pseudoglottis length, pseudoglottis shape, and presence of a geometric prominence on the posterior hypopharyngeal wall. The most important is the logarithmic correlation between speech skill and pseudoglottis length. Other factors that yielded controversial results in previous studies were not found significant in this investigation.