bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: 1,1‐DIMETHYL‐2,3‐BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)‐1‐SILIRENE, A STABLE SILACYCLOPROPENE
Authors: SEYFERTH D. , ANNARELLI D. C. , VICK S. C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindung (III) ist ein Produkt der Umsetzung des Silirans (I) mit dem Bis‐ [silyl]‐acetylen (II); daneben entsteht Tetramethyläthylen.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND REACTIVITY OF ARYLCYCLOPOLYSILANES
Authors: LEMANSKI M. F. , SCHRAM E. P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie relative Geschwindigkeit und der Umfang der Spaltung der Si‐Si‐Bindungen in Oktaphenyl‐ und Okta‐p‐tolylcyclotetrasilan (I) bzw. (IV) durch Li werden bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: CUMULENE COMPLEXES WITH METAL CARBONYLS. IV. INVESTIGATIONS ON GEOMETRIC ISOMERISM OF TETRASUBSTITUTED BUTATRIENE COMPLEXES WITH TETRACARBONYLIRON
Authors: ZIMNIAK A. , JASIOBEDZKI W. , HEINE M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Komplexe (I) wurden durch Reaktion der Butatriene mit Fe2(CO)9 in Benzol dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN COBALT(II) COMPLEXES RESULTING FROM NONSTERIC SUSTITUENT EFFECTS WITH POTENTIALLY FIVE‐COORDINATE LIGANDS
Authors: NISWANDER R. H. , TAYLOR L. T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDurch Reaktion der entsprechenden Salicylaldehyde und Diamine in Propanol‐(2) mit Co‐acetat‐tetrahydrat werden die Komplexe (I) der linearen potentiell fünfzähnigen Liganden, in denen das zentrale Donatoratom und die Substituenten variieren, dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYTIC HOMOGENEOUS HYDROGENATION OF ARENES. 4. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BASIC REACTION AND THE CATALYSTS
Authors: RAKOWSKI M. C. , HIRSEKORN F. J. , STUHL L. S. , MUETTERTIES E. L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Kinetik und der Mechanismus der Benzo1‐Hydrogenierung, katalysiert durch eine Reihe Allylkobalt(I)‐Komplexe (I) bei 20°C und N 1 atm,werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: POSSIBLE FIVE‐COORDINATION OF THE COPPER(II) ION. THE CUPRIC CHLORIDE + MONODENTATE AROMATIC AMINE (ISOQUINOLINE) + DILUENT (CHLOROBENZENE) SYSTEM
Authors: URUSKA I. , SZPAKOWSKA M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Komplexbildung im Titelsystem wird unter der Annahme eines Gleichgewichts zwischen einem Komplex CuCl,L3 (L = Isochinolin) mit fünffacher Koordination und Rechteckpyramiden‐Struktur und einem Isochinolin‐CuClg‐Komplex mit Dm‐Symmetrie interpretiert.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW REVERSIBLE CARBON DIOXIDE CARRIER. (TERT‐BUTYLCARBONATO)TRIS(TERT‐BUTYL ISOCYANIDE)COPPER(I), T‐BUOCO2CU(CN‐T‐BU)3
Authors: TSUDA T. , SANADA S.‐I. , UEDA K. , SAEGUSA T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn Gegenwart von 3 Äquivalenten tert.‐Butylisocyanid absorbiert der Cu(I)‐tert.‐butanolat‐Komplex (I) CO2 unter Bildung des isolierbaren Titelkomplexes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SOME REACTIONS OF METHYLPLATINUM AND METHYLGOLD COMPOUNDS WITH PHENYLSELENOL, DIPHENYLPHOSPHINE, DIPHENYLARSINE, N‐BROMOSUCCINIMIDE AND 2‐NITROPHENYLSULFENYL CHLORIDE
Authors: PUDDEPHAT R. J. , THOMPSON P. J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPhenylselenol (I) reagiert mit den Methylderivaten von Platin(II) (II), Gold(I) (V) und Gold(III) (VII) unter Spaltung der Methyl‐Metall‐Bindung zu Methan und den Produkten (III), (IV), (VI) und (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: SPIROVETIVANES FROM FULVENES
Authors: BUECHI G. , BERTHET D. , DECORZANT R. , GRIEDER A. , HAUSER A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus 5‐Oxo‐hexanal und Cyclopentadien entsteht das Fulven (I), das mit Lithiumdimethylcuprat zu (IIa) cyclisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: OLIGORIBONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS. X. AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF THE ANTICODON LOOP P REGION OF METHIONINE TRANSFER RIBONUCLEIC ACID FROM E. COLI
Authors: WERSTIUK E. S. , NEILSON T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie geschützten Nucleotide (I) und (II) werden stufenweise aus den entsprechenden Nucleosid‐ Derivaten aufgebaut.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF S‐ADENOSYLMETHIONINE‐DEPENDENT METHYLTRANSFERASES. 6. TRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS OF S‐ADENOSYLMETHIONINE
Authors: BORCHARDT R. T. , WU Y. S. , HUBER J. A. , WYCPALEK A. F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractZur pharmakologischen Untersuchung werden verschiedene modifizierte S‐Adenosylmethionine nach üblichen Verfahren hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF SUGAR‐LIPIDS
Authors: YAMAGUCHI M. , SATO A. , YUKUYAMA A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMikroorganismen des Stammes Pseudomonas bilden auf ölgetränktem Nährboden die Zuckerderivate (I) und (II), deren Struktur durch chemischen Abbau bewiesen wird.
Ionenmobilitätsspektrometrie
Authors: Kirk Ansgar T. , Zimmermann Stefan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIonenmobilitätsspektrometer sind extrem schnelle und sensitive Sensoren für Spurengase, welche diese anhand ihrer Bewegung durch ein Neutralgas unter dem Einfluss eines elektrischen Feldes identifizieren. In diesem Artikel wurden die Grundlagen der Ionenmobilität zusammengefasst, verschiedene Anwendungsgebiete von Ionenmobilitätsspektrometern erläutert und drei grundlegende Bauformen eines Ionenmobilitätsspektrometers vorgestellt.
Studies on Pumiliotoxin A Alkaloids: An Approach to Preparing the Indolizidinic Core by Intramolecular Dia­stereoselective N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Benzoin Reaction
Authors: Correia José Tiago M. , Acconcia Laís V. , Coelho Fernando 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this article, we describe the development of a convergent organocatalytic strategy to prepare the indolizidinic core of the pumiliotoxin A alkaloid family. The key step of the proposed strategy is based on a diastereoselective N‐heterocyclic carbene catalyzed benzoin reaction, in which the Breslow intermediate generated from an enal moiety (umpolung a1 to d1 – acyl anion equivalent) attacks a ketone moiety intramolecularly to provide the indolizidinone core in good yield with good selectivity.
Bis‐Sulfone‐ and Bis‐Sulfoxide‐Spirobifluorenes: Polar Acceptor Hosts with Tunable Solubilities for Blue‐Phosphorescent Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Ertl Cathrin D. , Bolink Henk J. , Housecroft Catherine E. , Constable Edwin C. , Ortí Enrique , Junquera‐Hernández José M. , Neuburger Markus , Shavaleev Nail M. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Vonlanthen David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBis‐sulfone‐ and bis‐sulfoxide‐spirobifluorenes are a promising class of high‐triplet‐energy electron‐acceptor hosts for blue phosphorescent light‐emitting devices. The molecular design and synthetic route are simple and facilitate tailoring of the solubilities of the host materials without lowering the high‐energy triplet state. The syntheses and characterization (including single‐crystal structures) of four electron‐accepting hosts are reported; the trend in their reduction potentials is consistent with the electron‐withdrawing nature of the sulfone or sulfoxide substituents. Emission maxima of 421–432 nm overlap with the MLCT absorption of the sky‐blue emitter bis(4,6‐difluorophenyl‐pyridinato)(picolinato)iridium(III) (FIrpic), allowing effective energy transfer from the acceptor hosts to FIrpic. Theoretical calculations show that the introduction of sulfone groups leads to better electron acceptors compared to analogous phosphine oxide functionalized hosts and, at the same time, preserves the energy of the lowest‐lying triplet above that of the FIrpic emitter. The new hosts have been tested in phosphorescent light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). Large effects of the various solubilizing moieties on the device performance are observed and discussed.
Head and neck cancer in South Asia: Macroeconomic consequences and the role of the head and neck surgeon
Authors: Alkire Blake C. , Bergmark Regan W. , Chambers Kyle , Lin Derrick T. , Deschler Daniel G. , Cheney Mack L. , Meara John G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck cancer constitutes a substantial portion of the burden of disease in South Asia, and there is an undersupply of surgical capacity in this region. The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic welfare losses due to head and neck cancer in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh in 2010.MethodsWe used publicly available estimates of head and neck cancer morbidity and mortality along with a concept termed the value of a statistical life to estimate economic welfare losses in the aforementioned countries in 2010.Results. Economic losses because of head and neck cancer in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh totaled $16.9 billion (2010 US dollars [USD]), equivalent to 0.26% of the region's economic output. Bangladesh, the poorest country, experienced the greatest proportional losses.ConclusionThe economic consequences of head and neck cancer in South Asia are significant, and building surgical capacity is essential to begin to address this burden. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1242–1247, 2016
Synthesis and Anti‐Algal Effect of Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Sebastian Rintu Mary , K. C. Vijayalakshmy , S. Lakshmi , Saramma A. V. , Mohammed E. M. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis study aims at the effect of Zinc ferrite nanoparticles of particle size (14 ± 2) nm prepared by sol‐gel technique on chlorella pyrenoidosa at two different concentrations (1.0 µM and 2.0 µM). The structural characterizations of the prepared sample (ZnFe2O4) were carried out by XRD, TEM, and XRF. XRD analysis revealed single phased cubic spinel structure having space group Fd3m. XRF analysis confirmed the purity of the sample. The negative effect of ZnFe2O4 on chlorella pyrenoidosa was manifested by the progressive depletion of cell count. It was found that the algal growth was inhibited by 47% even at a low concentration of 2 µM indicating that zinc ferrite nanoparticles are promising agent for the control of unwanted algal growth. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of ferrite nanoparticles on algae has not been reported elsewhere.
Synthesis, Characterization and Dielectric Behavior of Polyaniline/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Nanocomposites
Authors: Madhu B. J. , Kiran T. , Gurusiddesh M. , Shruthi B. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryA conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI)/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanocomposites were synthesized by a simple and inexpensive one‐step in‐situ polymerization of Aniline monomer with Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles, where Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared via simple solution combustion method using stoichiometric composition of nickel nitrate, zinc nitrate and ferric nitrates as oxidizers and urea as a fuel. PANI/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanocomposites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy and Thermal gravimetric‐differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA). Frequency dependence of dielectric constant (ϵ′), dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) and a. c. conductivity (σac) studies have been undertaken on the PANI/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanocomposites in the frequency range 100 Hz–5 MHz at room temperature. Dielectric properties such as dielectric constant (ϵ′) and dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) are found to decrease with the increase in the frequency. Further, a. c. conductivity (σac) of the PANI/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanocomposites was found to increase with an increase in the frequency. Observed variation in the a. c. conductivity with the frequency has been understood on the basis of electron hopping model.
Dark Field Transmission Electron Microscopy Imaging for Biological and Soft Matter Systems
Authors: Ayache Jeanne , Péchoux Christine , Jaillard Danielle , Payré Bruno , Pignot‐Paintrand Isabelle , Le Cam Eric 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIn this study, we present a new application of the transmission electron microscopy dark field mode for cell imaging. We have applied this imaging mode to two types of cellular systems: human HeLa cells to analyze molecular membrane systems and HC11 mouse mammary cells containing lipid molecule droplets. We have also studied a third macromolecular system, copolymer nanoparticles for the characterization of core‐shell structures. We want to show the effective use of diffraction contrast, even on amorphous systems for increasing the image contrast and the signal/noise ratio. We discuss the TEM dark field advantages for the analysis of polymers and other macromolecular systems, including biological, systems compared to the bright field mode.
gsdf is a downstream gene of dmrt1 that functions in the male sex determination pathway of the Nile tilapia
Authors: Jiang Dong‐Neng , Yang Hui‐Hui , Li Ming‐Hui , Shi Hong‐Juan , Zhang Xian‐Bo , Wang De‐Shou 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYGonadal soma‐derived factor (gsdf) is critical for testicular differentiation in teleosts, yet detailed analysis of Gsdf on testicular differentiation is lacking. In the present study, we knocked out tilapia gsdf using CRISPR/Cas9. F0 gsdf‐deficient XY fish with high mutation rate (≥58%) developed as intersex, with ovotestes 90 days after hatching (dah), and become completely sex‐reversed with ovaries at 180 and 240 dah. Those individuals with a low mutation rate (<58%) and XY gsdf+/− fish developed as males with normal testes. In F2 XY gsdf−/− fish, the gonads first expressed Dmrt1, which initiated the male pathway at 10 dah, then both male and female pathways were activated, as reflected by the simultaneous expression of Dmrt1 and Cyp19a1a in different cell populations at 18 dah, shifted to the female pathway expressing only Cyp19a1a at 36 dah, and finally developed into functional ovaries as adults. The male pathway and Dmrt1 expression was initiated, but failed to be maintained, in the absence of Gsdf. Aromatase‐inhibitor treatment from 10 to 35 dah, however, rescued the phenotype, resulting in XY gsdf−/− with normal testes that expressed Dmrt1 and Cyp11b2. In vitro promoter analyses demonstrated that Dmrt1 activated gsdf expression in a dose‐dependent manner in the presence of Sf1, even though Dmrt1 alone could not. Taken together, our results demonstrated that gsdf is a downstream gene of dmrt1. Gsdf probably inhibits estrogen production to trigger testicular differentiation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 497–508, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance improvement of SISO linear control systems by hybrid state resetting and sector confinement of trajectories
Authors: González José Antonio , Barreiro Antonio , Dormido Sebastián , Falcón Pablo 
Published: March 2016

SummaryReset control techniques have been proposed to overcome fundamental limitations of linear controllers by means of their transformation into hybrid models that combine continuous flow and discrete jump dynamics. The hybrid nature in the control loop involves some difficulties when analyzing the performance of the controller and some drawbacks on the controller design related to the stability conditions. The technique that we propose is based on sector confined target dynamics of the continuous flow mode by means of the application of the discrete reset jumps. This behavior, in the error plane
, is correlated with certain preferred sectors that lead to fast and over‐damped responses. The paper studies how to design a hybrid resetting version of a linear controller that achieves the required fast and over‐damped responses to arbitrary references. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of aspartate kinase and homoserine dehydrogenase from Corynebacterium glutamicum IWJ001 and systematic investigation of l-isoleucine biosynthesis
Authors: Dong Xunyan , Zhao Yue , Zhao Jianxun , Wang Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Previously we have characterized a threonine dehydratase mutant TDF383V (encoded by ilvA1) and an acetohydroxy acid synthase mutant AHASP176S, D426E, L575W (encoded by ilvBN1) in Corynebacterium glutamicum IWJ001, one of the best l-isoleucine producing strains. Here, we further characterized an aspartate kinase mutant AKA279T (encoded by lysC1) and a homoserine dehydrogenase mutant HDG378S (encoded by hom1) in IWJ001, and analyzed the consequences of all these mutant enzymes on amino acids production in the wild type background. In vitro enzyme tests confirmed that AKA279T is completely resistant to feed-back inhibition by l-threonine and l-lysine, and that HDG378S is partially resistant to l-threonine with the half maximal inhibitory concentration between 12 and 14 mM. In C. glutamicum ATCC13869, expressing lysC1 alone led to exclusive l-lysine accumulation, co-expressing hom1 and thrB1 with lysC1 shifted partial carbon flux from l-lysine (decreased by 50.1 %) to l-threonine (4.85 g/L) with minor l-isoleucine and no l-homoserine accumulation, further co-expressing ilvA1 completely depleted l-threonine and strongly shifted carbon flux from l-lysine (decreased by 83.0 %) to l-isoleucine (3.53 g/L). The results demonstrated the strongly feed-back resistant TDF383V might be the main driving force for l-isoleucine over-synthesis in this case, and the partially feed-back resistant HDG378S might prevent the accumulation of toxic intermediates. Information exploited from such mutation-bred production strain would be useful for metabolic engineering.
The fiscal benefits of repeated cooperation: coalitions and debt dynamics in 36 democracies
Authors: Weisstanner David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDo coalition governments really suffer from short time horizons in fiscal policymaking, as posited by standard political-economy models? This article focusses on coalitions that have created high levels of familiarity through shared governing experiences in the past and that are likely to cooperate again in future governing coalitions. I argue that such coalitions have incentives to internalise the future costs of debt accumulation and reach credible agreements to balance their constituencies’ fiscal preferences. Moreover, sustaining broad coalitions should have electoral advantages to implementing controversial economic reforms, thus resulting in lower debt increases compared not only with less durable coalitions but also with single-party governments. Comparing 36 economically advanced democracies between (up to) 1962 and 2013, I estimate the effects of coalitions’ cooperation prospects on the dynamics of public debt. The findings indicate that long time horizons can help coalitions to overcome intertemporal coordination problems and to reach specific policy goals.
Lunar Igneous Activity and Differentiation
Authors: Fielder G. 
Published: March 2016

One of the most significant advances in our understanding of the Moon has been the discovery, through the Surveyor, Orbiter and Apollo programmes, of widespread lunar igneous activity and differentiation.Volcanic flows (Figure 1) in, and in the neighbourhood of, Tycho are up to 20 km long and up to 12 km wide. At least 5 flows, mapped by Strom and Fielder (1970) originated in, and breached, craters up to 100 km from the rim of Tycho. One flow (Figure 2) is essentially the same age as the ropy floor material of Tycho, since it is traversed by cracks that are indicative of marginal stretching of the floor unit. Other flows are found in what are probably lava lakes (Figure 3), and two flows derive from such lakes.
The Interpretation of Space Observations of Stars and Interstellar Matter
Authors: Morton Donald C. 
Published: March 2016

This report will review space observations of stars and the interstellar medium and what we can expect to learn from instruments planned for the near future. Older observations are described in more detail by Underhill and Morton (1967), and Houziaux and Butler (1970). The interpretation of these measurements depends heavily on the results of theoretical and experimental atomic physics. Therefore the last section will describe some of the areas where new atomic data are essential for our understanding of space observations.Rockets or satellites are necessary to detect all wavelengths between 0.1 and 3000 Å except for two bands from 2000 to 2200 Å and from 2700 to 3000 Å accessible at balloon altitudes. However, for most sources outside the solar system the bound-free absorption of atomic hydrogen will obliterate all wavelengths between 100 and 912 Å. For example, unit optical depth at 304 Å occurs at 12 parsecs even if the interstellar hydrogen density is as low as 0.1 atom cm-3.
A Comparative Study of Visual and Photoelectric Timing of Occultations
Authors: Morrison L. V. 
Published: March 2016

The timing of occultations of stars by the Moon provide data for the following studies:(a)Lunar theory - Constants and secular changes of its orbit.(b)Fundamental star systems - Systematic corrections to equinox and obliquity; individual star corrections.(c)Rotation of Earth - Comparison of atomic and ephemeris time scales.With these applications in mind we consider the analysis of the [O-C]’s from occultations.
Lunar Occultation Theory and Techniques
Authors: Lang Kenneth R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe formulae for the monochromatic radiation intensity at the Earth during the lunar occultation of an incoherent source are examined. It is shown that the oscillatory portion of the radiation intensity may be assigned an envelope amplitude and phase a+ each instant of time. Each complex number thus defined gives the amplitude and phase of one spatial Fourier component of the source brightness distribution. Resolution is limited by the maximum available spatial frequency, and is shown to depend on integration time, seeing, antenna aperture, bandwidth, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the observation. When observations are polychromatic, the monochromatic intensity is modified by a certain function of bandwidth and wavelength. This function is specified and theoretical occultation curves of a point source are given for various bandwidth-wavelength ratios. A new method of estimating a brightness distribution is illustrated by taking the inverse Fourier transform of the spatial Fourier components present in an occultation record of 3C 49. Restored distributions for the quasars 3C 273 and 3C 245 are also given. Source positions and/or lunar limb slopes may be determined from such distributions. When the width of single sources or the angular separation of double sources is all that is required, only the inner part of the envelope of the occultation record need be determined. Theoretical curves and envelopes are presented for use in comparisons with observed data.
New Techniques in X-Ray Astronomy
Authors: Jager C. de 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA review is given of some modern developments in X-ray astronomy. Improved designs of proportional counters and other detectors are described. We further enumerate developments in solar X-ray spectrographs and heliographs, like the ‘gutter’ spectrograph, and the paraboloidal-hyperboloidal frustrum mirror system, the zone plate technique. We also give a review of instruments and collimating techniques for the detection of non-solar celestial X-ray sources.
A Rotating Disk Model for a Quasar
Authors: Kahn F.D. 
Published: March 2016

It has often been suggested that the energy supply of a quasar is derived from a central body with a mass of 109−1010M⊙. However, it is known that such bodies have no stable and static equilibrium configurations beyond a relatively low degree of condensation. Only a very limited amount of energy can be extracted before instability sets in. Basically the instability is due to the dominance of radiation pressure in supporting the mass against its self-gravitation.But if a massive object is in rapid rotation, then it is partly supported by centrifugal force, and is much less liable to an instability of this kind. It is therefore interesting to investigate the properties of a rotating disk-like object with a mass of the order of 109−1010M⊙, and to see whether its overall properties match those of any quasar. The most important parameters are 2σ0, the mass per unit area of the disk, and Z, its half-thickness. In the case of the quasar 3C 273 B, assumed to be at a distance of 450 Mpc, the most suitable pair of values are σ0 = 107 gm/cm2 and Z = 1016 cm.