bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type of modulation identification using Wavelet Transform and Neural Network
Authors: Walenczykowska M. , Kawalec A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Automatic recognition of the signal modulation type turned out to be useful in many areas, including electronic warfare or surveillance. The wavelet transform is an effective way to extract signal features for identification purposes. In this paper there are M-ary ASK, M-ary PSK, M-ary FSK, M-ary QAM, OOK and MSK signals analysed. The mean value, variance and central moments up to five of continuous wavelet transform (CWT) are used as signal features. The principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to reduce a number of features. A multi-layer neural network trained with backpropagation learning algorithm is considered as a classifier. There are two research variants: interclass and intraclass recognition with a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
L’écrivain désOrienté ou les aspects de l’estitude (Dumitru Tsepeneag, Nancy Huston, Katalin Molnár)
Authors: Farkas Jenő 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this article, we aim to study the term Estitude by focusing on books by Dumitru Tsepeneag (The Dustying Word), Katalin Molnár (Lamour Dieu) et Nancy Huston (The Lost North). Coming from three different countries (Romania, Hungary and Canada), these three writers are similar as far as their relation to their new creative language is concerned, in this case French. Making use of the new language first presupposes minimalising the importance of one’s native tongue (Romanian, Hungarian and English), but this minimalisation is inappropriate as it indicates one’s exile. At the same time, adoting the French language may prove to be an opportunity, which allows one to research the origins of writing itself : thus, the exiled writer can profit from lingustic calque, lingustic mistakes, literal translation of proverbs and other expressions of his / her native language, of transcript of orality, etc. Being unable to attach himself/herself to a geographical area, the exiled is condamned to live between two countries (the country of origin and the receiving country), between two languages (the native language and the adopted language) and to suffer from a certain complex of superiority. Having a certain social and political experience, s/he stands out among natives, but s/he always runs the risk of being perceived in the « flagrante delicto of strangeness ».
La désespérance comme chiffre de la résistance dans le théâtre de Matéï Visniec
Authors: Rinaldis Antonio 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Visniec’s plays can be considered a phenomenology of despair. Most of his works are a representation of the human condition analyzed from the perspective of a virtual impossibility. The socialist man who lives under the control of an oppressive regime is inauthentic, and it is also inauthentic the garbage man, metaphor of a capitalism that devours itself. Men are condemned to desperation, because all their choices are marked by failure and the wreck of hope.
The extent of managers’ motivation as a determinant of leadership quality
Authors: Wziątek-Staśko Anna 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Motivating to perform remains a very inspiring field of scientific studies. In spite of extensive research in this field, some areas, of niche nature, that require exploration can be identified. Motivating the managers is one of such areas, less popular but of tremendous importance in the process of managing a contemporary organisation. This article is theoretical and empirical. It was written to present the original results of empirical research focused on assessment of the motivation impact of 47 financial and non-financial tools by several hundred Polish managers. The research tool used in the study process was the questionnaire prepared by the author of this paper. Key preferences of the group of employees are an important source of information required in the process of optimising the effectiveness of managing the human capital and an entire organisation.
Nanotechnology: legal and ethical issues
Authors: Baran Agnieszka 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Nanotechnology is a very vast field which includes a range of technologies at the nano scale, such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, genomics, neuroscience, robotics and information technologies. Nanotechnology is the latest technological innovation in global debates on risk regulation and international cooperation. Regulatory bodies have started dealing with the potential risks posed by nanoparticles. Since 2004 the UE has been developing a regulatory policy to tighten control and to improve regulatory adequacy and knowledge of nanotechnology risks. Currently, specific provisions on nanomaterials have been introduced for biocides, cosmetics, food additives, food labelling and materials in contact with foodstuff. The statement that nanotechnologies do inevitably imply ethical questions. The main problems are public trust, potential risks, issues of environmental impact, transparency of information, responsible nanosciences and nanotechnologies research. The aim of this article is to analysis the main problems regulating nanotechnology and some aspects of ethics.
Multi-benefits of national parks and protected areas: an integrative approach for developing countries
Authors: Atiqul Haq Shah Md. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
National parks and protected areas can contribute significantly to the needs of poor people who live in and around them and depend heavily on forest resources for their subsistence. Especially for the rural poor who have limited economic options, use of national park resources are the main source for their survival, giving them direct benefits from food, medicine and forest products. National parks can contribute to maintaining the ecosystem and biodiversity conservation, along with the economic benefits to the local population. National parks and protected areas can play a significant role in climate change mitigation as well. Nevertheless, benefits from these areas are not well recognized in management especially in developing countries by incorporating them for climate change mitigation. Though usually more priority is given to conservation, improvement of livelihood and climate change mitigation can be achieved by integrating national parks into management and policy, and by consideration of the potential of human resources. Thus the integration can improve the poverty situation of local people and help them to adapt to climatic change mitigation strategies. Therefore, management of national parks and protected areas should ensure the participation of local communities and stakeholders.
Long-term variability of the frequency and persistence of strong highs over Poland
Authors: Bielec-Bąkowska Zuzanna 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The paper discusses the spatial and temporal variability in the occurrence of strong highs over Poland in the period 1951-2015. It focuses in particular on the persistence of the systems in question and the changes in their long-term variability. The study was based on the average daily sea-level air pressure values obtained from NCEP/NCAR Reanalyses for 12 grid points. A day with a strong high was defined as a day with daily average pressure equal to or higher than 1030 hPa. Over the study period, a minor increase in the annual air pressure values (0.17-0.32 hPa/10 years) was identified, as well as evidence of an increase in the number of days with strong highs. These changes were the most distinct in December and in southern Poland. A majority of strong high occurrences were recorded during the cool half of the year, they covered less than the whole territory of the country and typically persisted for no more than two days. The longest spells with pressure equal to or greater than 1030 hPa lasted between 15 and 22 days depending on the region. Such long sequences of days with strong highs coincided with years when strong highs were particularly frequent, especially in the 1980s and 1990s. No specific trends in persistence or seasonality were identified.
Characteristic of Rings. Prime Fields
Authors: Schwarzweller Christoph , Korniłowicz Artur 
Published: March 2016

Summary
The notion of the characteristic of rings and its basic properties are formalized [14], [39], [20]. Classification of prime fields in terms of isomorphisms with appropriate fields (ℚ or ℤ/p) are presented. To facilitate reasonings within the field of rational numbers, values of numerators and denominators of basic operations over rationals are computed.
High-order relaxation approaches for adjoint-based optimal control problems governed by nonlinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws
Authors: Yohana Elimboto M. , Banda Mapundi K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA computational investigation of optimal control problems which are constrained by hyperbolic systems of conservation laws is presented. The general framework is to employ the adjoint-based optimization to minimize the cost functional of matching-type between the optimal and the target solution. Extension of the numerical schemes to second-order accuracy for systems for the forward and backward problem are applied. In addition a comparative study of two relaxation approaches as solvers for hyperbolic systems is undertaken. In particular optimal control of the 1-D Riemann problem of Euler equations of gas dynamics is studied. The initial values are used as control parameters. The numerical flow obtained by optimal initial conditions matches accurately with observations.
Estimates of the modeling error generated by homogenization of an elliptic boundary value problem
Authors: Repin Sergey , Samrowski Tatiana , Sauter Stefan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we derive a posteriori bounds of the difference between the exact solution of an elliptic boundary value problem with periodic coefficients and an abridged model, which follows from the homogenization theory. The difference is measured in terms of the energy norm of the basic problem and also in the combined primal–dual norm. Using the technique of functional type
Five Mass Power Transmission Line of a Ship Computer Modelling
Authors: Kazakoff Alexander Borisoff , Marinov Boycho Ivanov 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The work, presented in this paper, appears to be a natural continuation of the work presented and reported before, on the design of power transmission line of a ship, but with different multi-mass model. Some data from the previous investigations are used as a reference data, mainly from the analytical investigations, for the developed in the previ- ous study, frequency and modal analysis of a five mass model of a power transmission line of a ship. In the paper, a profound dynamic analysis of a concrete five mass dynamic model of the power transmission line of a ship is performed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), based on the previously recommended model, investigated in the previous research and reported before. Thus, the partially validated by frequency analysis five mass model of a power transmission line of a ship is subjected to dynamic analysis. The objective of the work presented in this paper is dynamic modelling of a five mass transmission line of a ship, partial validation of the model and von Mises stress analysis calculation with the help of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and comparison of the derived results with the analytically calculated values. The partially validated five mass power transmission line of a ship can be used for definition of many dy- namic parameters, particularly amplitude of displacement, velocity and acceleration, respectively in time and frequency domain. The frequency behaviour of the model parameters is investigated in frequency domain and it corresponds to the predicted one.
T-Shaped Frame Critical and Post-Critical Analysis
Authors: Doicheva Albena 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The paper shows solution of a T-shaped frame, strength- ened with two linear springs, regarding critical and post-critical analysis. The solution is exact using the Euler elastic approach and the frame of reference, originated in the point of column axis inflexion. The derived Numerical results show the effect of the springs strengthening for the crit- ical and the post-critical system behaviour. The influence of the geometry change is analyzed, as well.
Electric and Heat Conductions Across a Crack in a Thermoelectric Material
Authors: Song Hao-Peng , Song Kun 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The crack problem in a thermoelectric material is studied in this paper. Two kinds of crack surface conditions are discussed. The closed form solutions are derived, based on the complex variable method. The field intensity factors as well as the conversion efficiency are discussed in detail. The results show that the electric current density and thermal flux density exhibit traditional square-root singularity at the crack tip in case 1, while the electric current density has no singularity at the crack tip in case 2. It is proved due to the electric current flow and thermal flux separation, that the thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be higher than the maximum conversion efficiency of one-dimensional thermoelec- tric under the same temperature condition. In the numerical example, the conversion efficiency is increased by 29.6% as compared to the maximum conversion efficiency of one-dimensional thermoelectric.
Study the effect of fiber loading and alkali treatment on the mechanical and water absorption properties of wheat straw fiber-reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Mittal Varun , Sinha Shishir 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the feasibility of using wheat straw fiber with epoxy resin for developing natural fiber-polymer composites. For this purpose, the epoxy resin was reinforced with 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt.% of the wheat straw fiber with the help of the hand lay-up technique. Further, in order to improve the composite characteristic, wheat straw fibers were treated with three different concentrations of alkali (1%, 3%, and 5%). The mechanical and water absorption properties of the treated fiber composites were characterized and compared with those of untreated fiber-filled epoxy composites. It was observed that the mechanical properties and water resistance were reduced with the increase in wheat straw fiber loading from 5 to 25 wt.%. Among the three levels of alkali treatment, the composite made with 3% alkali-treated fiber exhibited superior mechanical properties than the other untreated and treated fiber composites, which pointed to an efficient fiber-matrix adhesion. The scanning electron microscope was used to observe the surface features of the wheat straw fiber.
Deficiency of the Survival of Motor Neuron Protein Impairs mRNA Localization and Local Translation in the Growth Cone of Motor Neurons
Authors: Fallini Claudia , Donlin-Asp Paul G. , Rouanet Jeremy P. , Bassell Gary J. , Rossoll Wilfried 
Published: March 2016

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting spinal motor neurons. It is caused by reduced levels of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein, which plays an essential role in the biogenesis of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins in all tissues. The etiology of the specific defects in the motor circuitry in SMA is still unclear, but SMN has also been implicated in mediating the axonal localization of mRNA-protein complexes, which may contribute to the axonal degeneration observed in SMA. Here, we report that SMN deficiency severely disrupts local protein synthesis within neuronal growth cones. We also identify the cytoskeleton-associated growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) mRNA as a new target of SMN and show that motor neurons from SMA mouse models have reduced levels ofGAP43mRNA and protein in axons and growth cones. Importantly, overexpression of two mRNA-binding proteins, HuD and IMP1, restoresGAP43mRNA and protein levels in growth cones and rescues axon outgrowth defects in SMA neurons. These findings demonstrate that SMN plays an important role in the localization and local translation of mRNAs with important axonal functions and suggest that disruption of this function may contribute to the axonal defects observed in SMA.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe motor neuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by reduced levels of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein, which plays a key role in assembling RNA/protein complexes that are essential for mRNA splicing. It remains unclear whether defects in this well characterized housekeeping function cause the specific degeneration of spinal motor neurons observed in SMA. Here, we describe an additional role of SMN in regulating the axonal localization and local translation of the mRNA encoding growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43). This study supports a model whereby SMN deficiency impedes transport and local translation of mRNAs important for neurite outgrowth and stabilization, thus contributing to axon degeneration, muscle denervation, and motor neuron cell death in SMA.
Overexpression ofDyrk1A, a Down Syndrome Candidate, Decreases Excitability and Impairs Gamma Oscillations in the Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Ruiz-Mejias Marcel , Martinez de Lagran Maria , Mattia Maurizio , Castano-Prat Patricia , Perez-Mendez Lorena , Ciria-Suarez Laura , Gener Thomas , Sancristobal Belen , García-Ojalvo Jordi , Gruart Agnès , Delgado-García José M. , Sanchez-Vives Maria V. , Dierssen Mara 
Published: March 2016

The dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase DYRK1A is a serine/threonine kinase involved in neuronal differentiation and synaptic plasticity and a major candidate of Down syndrome brain alterations and cognitive deficits. DYRK1A is strongly expressed in the cerebral cortex, and its overexpression leads to defective cortical pyramidal cell morphology, synaptic plasticity deficits, and altered excitation/inhibition balance. These previous observations, however, do not allow predicting how the behavior of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) network and the resulting properties of its emergent activity are affected. Here, we integrate functional, anatomical, and computational data describing the prefrontal network alterations in transgenic mice overexpressingDyrk1A(TgDyrk1A). Usingin vivoextracellular recordings, we show decreased firing rate and gamma frequency power in the prefrontal network of anesthetized and awakeTgDyrk1Amice. Immunohistochemical analysis identified a selective reduction of vesicular GABA transporter punctae on parvalbumin positive neurons, without changes in the number of cortical GABAergic neurons in the PFC ofTgDyrk1Amice, which suggests that selective disinhibition of parvalbumin interneurons would result in an overinhibited functional network. Using a conductance-based computational model, we quantitatively demonstrate that this alteration could explain the observed functional deficits including decreased gamma power and firing rate. Our results suggest that dysfunction of cortical fast-spiking interneurons might be central to the pathophysiology of Down syndrome.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDYRK1Ais a major candidate gene in Down syndrome. Its overexpression results into altered cognitive abilities, explained by defective cortical microarchitecture and excitation/inhibition imbalance. An open question is how these deficits impact the functionality of the prefrontal cortex network. Combining functional, anatomical, and computational approaches, we identified decreased neuronal firing rate and deficits in gamma frequency in the prefrontal cortices of transgenic mice overexpressingDyrk1A. We also identified a reduction of vesicular GABA transporter punctae specifically on parvalbumin positive interneurons. Using a conductance-based computational model, we demonstrate that this decreased inhibition on interneurons recapitulates the observed functional deficits, including decreased gamma power and firing rate. Our results suggest that dysfunction of cortical fast-spiking interneurons might be central to the pathophysiology of Down syndrome.
Eliminating Direction Specificity in Visuomotor Learning
Authors: Yin Cong , Bi Yuqing , Yu Cong , Wei Kunlin 
Published: March 2016

The generalization of learning offers a unique window for investigating the nature of motor learning. Error-based motor learning reportedly cannot generalize to distant directions because the aftereffects are direction specific. This direction specificity is often regarded as evidence that motor adaptation is model-based learning, and is constrained by neuronal tuning characteristics in the primary motor cortices and the cerebellum. However, recent evidence indicates that motor adaptation also involves model-free learning and explicit strategy learning. Using rotation paradigms, here we demonstrate that savings (faster relearning), which is closely related to model-free learning and explicit strategy learning, is also direction specific. However, this new direction specificity can be abolished when the participants receive exposure to the generalization directions via an irrelevant visuomotor gain-learning task. Control evidence indicates that this exposure effect is weakened when direction error signals are absent during gain learning. Therefore, the direction specificity in visuomotor learning is not solely related to model-based learning; it may also result from the impeded expression of model-free learning and explicit strategy learning with untrained directions. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying motor learning, and may have important implications for practical applications such as motor rehabilitation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMotor learning is more useful if it generalizes to untrained scenarios when needed, especially for sports training and motor rehabilitation. However, as a form of motor learning, motor adaptation is typically direction specific. Here we first show that savings with motor adaptation, an index for model-free learning and explicit strategy learning in motor learning, is also direction specific. However, the participants' additional exposure to untrained directions via an irrelevant gain-learning task can enable the complete generalization of learning. Our findings challenge existing models of motor generalization and may have important implications for practical applications.