bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Killing of SMARCA2- and SMARCA4-deficient Small Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary, Hypercalcemic Type Cells by Inhibition of EZH2: In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Models
Authors: Chan-Penebre Elayne , Armstrong Kelli , Drew Allison , Grassian Alexandra R. , Feldman Igor , Knutson Sarah K. , Kuplast-Barr Kristy , Roche Maria , Campbell John , Ho Peter , Copeland Robert A. , Chesworth Richard , Smith Jesse J. , Keilhack Heike , Ribich Scott A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The SWI/SNF complex is a major regulator of gene expression and is increasingly thought to play an important role in human cancer, as evidenced by the high frequency of subunit mutations across virtually all cancer types. We previously reported that in preclinical models, malignant rhabdoid tumors, which are deficient in the SWI/SNF core component INI1 (SMARCB1), are selectively killed by inhibitors of the H3K27 histone methyltransferase EZH2. Given the demonstrated antagonistic activities of the SWI/SNF complex and the EZH2-containing PRC2 complex, we investigated whether additional cancers with SWI/SNF mutations are sensitive to selective EZH2 inhibition. It has been recently reported that ovarian cancers with dual loss of the redundant SWI/SNF components SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 are characteristic of a rare rhabdoid-like subtype known as small-cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT). Here, we provide evidence that a subset of commonly used ovarian carcinoma cell lines were misdiagnosed and instead were derived from a SCCOHT tumor. We also demonstrate that tazemetostat, a potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor currently in phase II clinical trials, induces potent antiproliferative and antitumor effects in SCCOHT cell lines and xenografts deficient in both SMARCA2 and SMARCA4. These results exemplify an additional class of rhabdoid-like tumors that are dependent on EZH2 activity for survival. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(5); 850–60. ©2017 AACR.
Fascicular Ventricular Tachycardia Originating From Papillary Muscles
Authors: Komatsu Yuki , Nogami Akihiko , Kurosaki Kenji , Morishima Itsuro , Masuda Keita , Ozawa Tomoya , Kaneshiro Takashi , Hanaki Yuichi , Shinoda Yasutoshi , Talib Ahmed Karim , Kowase Shinya , Sekiguchi Yukio , Aonuma Kazutaka 
Published: March 2017

Background—
Verapamil-sensitive fascicular ventricular tachycardia (FVT) has been demonstrated to be a reentrant mechanism using the Purkinje network as a part of its reentrant circuit. Although the papillary muscles (PMs) are implicated in arrhythmogenic structure, reentrant FVT originating from the PMs has not been well defined.

Methods and Results—

We studied 13 patients in whom FVT was successfully eliminated by ablation at the posterior PMs (n=8; PPM-FVT) and anterior PMs (n=5; APM-FVT). Although intravenous administration of verapamil (5 mg) terminated ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 6 patients, VT was only slowed in the remaining 7 patients. PPM-FVT exhibited right bundle branch block and superior right axis (extreme right axis) or horizontal axis deviation. APM-FVT exhibited right bundle branch block configuration and right axis deviation with deep S wave in leads I, V
5
, and V
6
. VT was reproducibly induced by programmed atrial or ventricular stimulation. His-ventricular interval during VT was shorter than that during sinus rhythm. Ablation at the left posterior or anterior fascicular regions often changed the QRS morphology but did not completely eliminate it. Mid-diastolic Purkinje potentials were recorded during VT around the PMs, where ablation successfully eliminated the tachycardia. All patients have been free from recurrent VT after ablation.

Conclusions—
Reentrant circuit of verapamil-sensitive FVT can involve the Purkinje network lying around the PMs. PM-FVT is a distinct entity that is characterized by distinctive electrocardiographic characteristics and less sensitivity to verapamil administration compared with common type FVT. Ablation targeting the mid-diastolic Purkinje potentials around the PMs during tachycardia can be effective in suppressing this arrhythmia.
Reimplantation and Repeat Infection After Cardiac-Implantable Electronic Device Infections
Authors: Boyle Thomas A. , Uslan Daniel Z. , Prutkin Jordan M. , Greenspon Arnold J. , Baddour Larry M. , Danik Stephan B. , Tolosana Jose M. , Le Katherine , Miro Jose M. , Peacock James , Sohail Muhammad R. , Vikram Holenarasipur R. , Carrillo Roger G. 
Published: March 2017

Background—
Infection is a serious complication of cardiovascular-implantable electronic device implantation and necessitates removal of all hardware for optimal treatment. Strategies for reimplanting hardware after infection vary widely and have not previously been analyzed using a large, multicenter study.

Methods and Results—
The MEDIC (Multicenter Electrophysiologic Device Infection Cohort) prospectively enrolled subjects with cardiovascular-implantable electronic device infections at multiple institutions in the United States and abroad between 2009 and 2012. Reimplantation strategies were evaluated overall, and every patient who relapsed within 6 months was individually examined for clinical information that could help explain the negative outcome. Overall, 434 patients with cardiovascular-implantable electronic device infections were prospectively enrolled at participating centers. During the initial course of therapy, complete device removal was done in 381 patients (87.8%), and 220 of them (57.7%) were ultimately reimplanted with new devices. Overall, the median time between removal and reimplantation was 10 days, with an interquartile range of 6 to 19 days. Eleven of the 434 patients had another infection within 6 months, but only 4 of them were managed with cardiovascular-implantable electronic device removal and reimplantation during the initial infection. Thus, the repeat infection rate was low (1.8%) in those who were reimplanted. Patients who retained original hardware had a 11.3% repeat infection rate.

Conclusions—
Our study findings confirm that a broad range of reimplant strategies are used in clinical practice. They suggest that it is safe to reimplant cardiac devices after extraction of previously infected hardware and that the risk of a second infection is low, regardless of reimplant timing.
Hospice Enrollment in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure Decreases Acute Medical Service Utilization
Authors: Yim Cindi K. , Barrón Yolanda , Moore Stanley , Murtaugh Chris , Lala Anuradha , Aldridge Melissa , Goldstein Nathan , Gelfman Laura P. 
Published: March 2017

Background—
Patients with advanced heart failure (HF) enroll in hospice at low rates, and data on their acute medical service utilization after hospice enrollment is limited.

Methods and Results—
We performed a descriptive analysis of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, with at least one home health claim between July 1, 2009, and June 30, 2010, and at least 2 HF hospitalizations between July 1, 2009, and December 31, 2009, who subsequently enrolled in hospice between July 1, 2009, and December 31, 2009. We estimated panel-negative binomial models on a subset of beneficiaries to compare their acute medical service utilization before and after enrollment. Our sample size included 5073 beneficiaries: 55% were female, 45% were ≥85 years of age, 13% were non-white, and the mean comorbidity count was 2.38 (standard deviation 1.22). The median number of days between the second HF hospital discharge and hospice enrollment was 45. The median number of days enrolled in hospice was 15, and 39% of the beneficiaries died within 7 days of enrollment. During the study period, 11% of the beneficiaries disenrolled from hospice at least once. The adjusted mean number of hospital, intensive care unit, and emergency room admissions decreased from 2.56, 0.87, and 1.17 before hospice enrollment to 0.53, 0.19, and 0.76 after hospice enrollment.

Conclusions—
Home health care Medicare beneficiaries with advanced HF who enrolled in hospice had lower acute medical service utilization after their enrollment. Their pattern of hospice use suggests that earlier referral and improved retention may benefit this population. Further research is necessary to understand hospice referral and palliative care needs of advanced HF patients.
Targeting Different Monocyte/Macrophage Subsets Has No Impact on Outcome in Experimental Stroke
Authors: Schmidt Antje , Strecker Jan-Kolja , Hucke Stephanie , Bruckmann Nils-Martin , Herold Martin , Mack Matthias , Diederich Kai , Schäbitz Wolf-Rüdiger , Wiendl Heinz , Klotz Luisa , Minnerup Jens 
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose—
Peripheral immune cell infiltration contributes to neural injury after ischemic stroke. However, in contrast to lymphocytes and neutrophils, the role of different monocyte/macrophage subsets remains to be clarified. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of selective and unselective monocyte/macrophage depletion and proinflammatory (M1-) and anti-inflammatory (M2-) macrophage transfer on the outcome after experimental cerebral ischemia.

Methods—

To assess short-term effects of monocytes/macrophages in acute ischemic stroke, mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and received either clodronate liposomes for unselective macrophage depletion, MC-21-antibody for selective depletion of proinflammatory Ly-6C
high
monocytes, or proinflammatory (M1-) or anti-inflammatory (M2-) macrophage transfer. In addition, the impact of MC-21-antibody administration and M2-macrophage transfer on long-term neural recovery was investigated after photothrombotic stroke. Neurobehavioral tests were used to analyze functional outcomes, infarct volumes were determined, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to characterize the postischemic inflammatory reaction.

Results—

Selective and unselective monocyte/macrophage depletion and M1- and M2-macrophage transfer did not influence tissue damage and neurobehavioral outcomes in the acute phase after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Beyond, selective depletion of Ly-6C
high
monocytes and M2-macrophage transfer did not have an impact on neural recovery after photothrombotic stroke.

Conclusions—
Targeting different monocyte/macrophage subsets has no impact on outcome after ischemic stroke in mice. Altogether, our study could not identify monocytes/macrophages as relevant therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.
Moving Beyond Attentional Biases: Shifting the Interhemispheric Balance between Left and Right Posterior Parietal Cortex Modulates Attentional Control Processes
Authors: Duecker Felix , Schuhmann Teresa , Bien Nina , Jacobs Christianne , Sack Alexander T. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The concept of interhemispheric competition has been very influential in attention research, and the occurrence of biased attention due to an imbalance in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is well documented. In this context, the vast majority of studies have assessed attentional performance with tasks that did not include an explicit experimental manipulation of attention, and, as a consequence, it remains largely unknown how these findings relate to core attentional constructs such as endogenous and exogenous control and spatial orienting and reorienting. We here addressed this open question by creating an imbalance between left and right PPC with transcranial direct current stimulation, resulting in right-hemispheric dominance, and assessed performance on three experimental paradigms that isolate distinct attentional processes. The comparison between active and sham transcranial direct current stimulations revealed a highly informative pattern of results with differential effects across tasks. Our results demonstrate the functional necessity of PPC for endogenous and exogenous attentional control and, importantly, link the concept of interhemispheric competition to core attentional processes, thus moving beyond the notion of biased attention after noninvasive brain stimulation over PPC.
Frequency and Chunking in Derived Words: A Parametric fMRI Study
Authors: Blumenthal-Dramé Alice , Glauche Volkmar , Bormann Tobias , Weiller Cornelius , Musso Mariacristina , Kortmann Bernd 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In usage-based linguistic theories, the assumption that high-frequency language strings are mentally represented as unitary chunks has been invoked to account for a wide range of phenomena. However, neurocognitive evidence in support of this assumption is still lacking. In line with Gestalt psychological assumptions, we propose that a language string qualifies as a chunk if the following two conditions are simultaneously satisfied: The perception of the whole string does not involve strong activation of its individual component parts, but the component parts in isolation strongly evoke the whole. Against this background, we explore the relationship between different frequency metrics and the chunk status of derived words (e.g., “government,” “worthless”) in a masked visual priming experiment with two conditions of interest. One condition investigates “whole-to-part” priming (worthless–WORTH), whereas the other one analyzes “part-to-whole” priming (tear–TEARLESS). Both conditions combine mixed-effects regression analyses of lexical decision RTs with a parametric fMRI design. Relative frequency (the frequency of the whole word relative to that of its onset-embedded part) emerges as the only frequency metric to correlate with chunk status in behavioral terms. The fMRI results show that relative frequency modulates activity in regions that have been related to morphological (de)composition or general task performance difficulty (notably left inferior frontal areas) and in regions associated with competition between whole, undecomposed words (right inferior frontal areas). We conclude that relative frequency affects early stages of processing, thereby supporting the usage-based concept of frequency-induced chunks.
Preparatory Encoding of the Fine Scale of Human Spatial Attention
Authors: Voytek Bradley , Samaha Jason , Rolle Camarin E. , Greenberg Zachery , Gill Navdeep , Porat Shai , Kader Tahim , Rahman Sabahat , Malzyner Rick , Gazzaley Adam 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Our attentional focus is constantly shifting: In one moment, our attention may be intently concentrated on a specific spot, whereas in another moment we might spread our attention more broadly. Although much is known about the mechanisms by which we shift our visual attention from place to place, relatively little is known about how we shift the aperture of attention from more narrowly to more broadly focused. Here we introduce a novel attentional distribution task to examine the neural mechanisms underlying this process. In this task, participants are presented with an informative cue that indicates the location of an upcoming target. This cue can be perfectly predictive of the exact target location, or it can indicate—with varying degrees of certainty—approximately where the target might appear. This cue is followed by a preparatory period in which there is nothing on the screen except a central fixation cross. Using scalp EEG, we examined neural activity during this preparatory period. We find that, with decreasing certainty regarding the precise location of the impending target, participant RTs increased whereas target identification accuracy decreased. Additionally, the multivariate pattern of preparatory period visual cortical alpha (8–12 Hz) activity encoded attentional distribution. This alpha encoding was predictive of behavioral accuracy and RT nearly 1 sec later. These results offer insight into the neural mechanisms underlying how we use information to guide our attentional distribution and how that influences behavior.
Expatriates Go, Let Us Grow
Authors: Varshney Deepanjana 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The employment situation in Saudi Arabia and the dynamics of the labor market are the results of a series of decisions to grow the economy fast after the discovery of oil. Since the locals were not equipped and prepared with the required knowledge and expertise, to build up the nascent economy at rapid speed during that phase, there was a massive inflow of expatriates. The current research highlights the changing labor market in Saudi Arabia, unemployment among locals, remedial policies framed by the government, their drawbacks, and effect on the overall economy. The key antecedents are the preference of Saudi youth for the Public sector, unemployment, the role of the Education System, the private sector, the Nitaqat (job localization) system and expatriate factor. Finally, I propose a viable human capital development model that suggests a collaborative role for expatriates and employability enhancement programs for sustainable economic and social development.
African Environmental Ethics and the Poverty of Eco-Activism in Nigeria
Authors: Fayemi Ademola Kazeem 
Published: March 2017

Discourse on the possibility and necessity of an African environmental ethics is widespread in contemporary African studies, albeit with new dimensions and emphasis. With the growing work of such scholars as S. Ogungbemi, A. Fadahunsi, G. Tangwa, P. Ojomo, C.J. Ekwealo, and W. Kelbessa, among others exploring (in different ways) the thesis of indigenous African environmental values and principles which are considered sacrosanct in the restoration of humans and the environment in Africa, it is less controversial whether or not there is awareness of environmental ethical thinking among Africans. Beyond this theoretical polemic, the present essay observes the paucity of environmental activism and movements in Nigeria, whose underlying principles and tenets are seen to be incongruent with the ostensible African environmental ethics and values. This lacuna, it is here argued, aligns with the failure to match theory with praxis in many African states—the problem of wrong prioritizing and a conceptually deficient framework for action. This essay accordingly questions some previous outlines of African ethical environmental theory, with a view to establishing a cogent hermeneutico-reconstructive theory of African environmental management, one that gives prominence to ethical theorizing without neglecting activism.
Maslama al-Qurṭubī’s Kitāb Rutbat al-ḥakīm and the History of Chemistry
Authors: Madelung Wilferd 
Published: March 2017

After the recent identification of the author of the K. Rutbat al-ḥakīm as Maslama al-Qurṭubī (d. 353/964) the value of this book for the history of alchemy/chemistry can be fully appreciated. Maslama was the first author to quote the Arabic Tome of Pictures (Muṣḥaf al-ṣuwar) of the Egyption alchemist Zosimos of Panopolis. He must have received a copy of this work from a center of alchemical learning in the western Maġrib. For its location the salt mining town Taġāza may tentatively be proposed. A large part of Maslama’s book deals with the rumūz, the symbolic language and puzzling expressions employed by the alchemists. He distinguishes between the rumūz used by the pre-Islamic alchemists and those used by the Arab alchemists beginning with Ǧābir b. Ḥayyān.
Parallelization and Performance of the NIM Weather Model on CPU, GPU, and MIC Processors
Authors: Govett Mark , Rosinski Jim , Middlecoff Jacques , Henderson Tom , Lee Jin , MacDonald Alexander , Wang Ning , Madden Paul , Schramm Julie , Duarte Antonio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe design and performance of the Non-Hydrostatic Icosahedral Model (NIM) global weather prediction model is described. NIM is a dynamical core designed to run on central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), and Many Integrated Core (MIC) processors. It demonstrates efficient parallel performance and scalability to tens of thousands of compute nodes and has been an effective way to make comparisons between traditional CPU and emerging fine-grain processors. The design of the NIM also serves as a useful guide in the fine-grain parallelization of the finite volume cubed (FV3) model recently chosen by the National Weather Service (NWS) to become its next operational global weather prediction model.This paper describes the code structure and parallelization of NIM using standards-compliant open multiprocessing (OpenMP) and open accelerator (OpenACC) directives. NIM uses the directives to support a single, performance-portable code that runs on CPU, GPU, and MIC systems. Performance results are compared for five generations of computer chips including the recently released Intel Knights Landing and NVIDIA Pascal chips. Single and multinode performance and scalability is also shown, along with a cost–benefit comparison based on vendor list prices.
Maintenance Keeps Radars Running
Authors: Saltikoff Elena , Kurri Mikko , Leijnse Hidde , Barbosa Sergio , Stiansen Kjetil 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWeather radars provide us with colorful images of storms, their development, and their movement, but from time to time the radars fail and we are left without data. To minimize these disruptions, owners of weather radars carry out preventive maintenance.The European radar project Operational Programme for the Exchange of Weather Radar Information (OPERA) conducted a survey among technicians from 21 countries on their experiences of maintenance. Regular maintenance frequency varies widely from as frequent as weekly to as infrequent as 6 months. Results show that the primary causes of missing data are not the failure of radar components and software or lack of maintenance but rather issues with the electricity supplies or telecommunications. Where issues are with the radars themselves, they are most commonly with the transmitter or the antenna controllers. Faults can be repaired quickly, but, if certain parts are required or the site is very remote, a radar can be out of service for weeks or even months. Failures of electricity or communications may also lead to lengthy periods of unavailability. As an example there is a story from Norway where wintertime thunderstorms severely damaged a radar at a very remote location.Annual operative costs of a radar are typically on the order of 5%–10% of the radar purchase price. During the lifetime of a system (typically 10–20 years) the operator can hence pay as much for the running costs as for the hardware purchase. It is extremely important to take infrastructure, maintenance, and monitoring into account when purchasing a new radar.
Detecting Water Vapor Variability during Heavy Precipitation Events in Hong Kong Using the GPS Tomographic Technique
Authors: Chen Biyan , Liu Zhizhao , Wong Wai-Kin , Woo Wang-Chun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWater vapor has a strong influence on the evolution of heavy precipitation events due to the huge latent heat associated with the phase change process of water. Accurate monitoring of atmospheric water vapor distribution is thus essential in predicting the severity and life cycle of heavy rain. This paper presents a systematic study on the application of tomographic solutions to investigate water vapor variations during heavy precipitation events. Using global positioning system (GPS) observations, the wet refractivity field was constructed at a temporal resolution of 30 min for three heavy precipitation events occurring in Hong Kong, China, in 2010–14. The zenith wet delay (ZWD) is shown to be a good indicator in observing the water vapor evolution in heavy rain events. The variabilities of water vapor at five altitude layers (<1000, 1000–2000, 2000–3000, 3000–5000, and >5000 m) were examined. It revealed that water vapor above 3000 m has larger fluctuation than that under 3000 m, though it accounts for only 10%–25% of the total amount of water vapor. The relative humidity fields derived from tomographic results revealed moisture variation, accumulation, saturation, and condensation during the heavy rain events. The water vapor variabilities observed by tomography have been validated using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis and radiosonde data. The results positively demonstrated the potential of using water vapor tomographic technique for detecting and monitoring the evolution of heavy rain events.