bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Mortality in Patients Operated for Perforated Peptic Ulcer: Factors Limiting Longevity are Dominated by Older Age, Comorbidity Burden and Severe Postoperative Complications
Authors: Thorsen K. , Søreide J. A. , Søreide K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundPerforated peptic ulcer (PPU) is a surgical emergency associated with high short‐term mortality. However, studies on long‐term outcomes are scarce. Our aim was to investigate long‐term survival after surgery for PPU.Materials and MethodsA population‐based, consecutive cohort of patients who underwent surgery for PPU between 2001 and 2014 was reviewed, and the long‐term mortality was assessed. Survival was investigated by univariate analysis (log‐rank test) and displayed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Multivariable analysis of risk factors for long‐term mortality was assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression and reported as hazard ratio (HR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI).ResultsA total of 234 patients were available for the calculation of ninety‐day, one‐year and two‐year mortality, and the results showed rates of 19.2 % (45/234), 22.6 % (53/234) and 24.8 % (58/234), respectively. At the end of follow‐up, a total of 109 of the 234 patients (46.6 %) had died. Excluding 37 (15.2 %) patients who died within 30 days of surgery, 197 patients had long‐term follow‐up (median 57 months, range 1–168) of which 36 % (71/197) died during the follow‐up period. In multivariable analyses, age >60 years (HR 3.95, 95 % CI 1.81–8.65), active cancer (HR 3.49, 95 % CI 1.73–7.04), hypoalbuminemia (HR 1.65, 95 % CI 0.99–2.73), pulmonary disease (HR 2.06, 95 % CI 1.14–3.71), cardiovascular disease (HR 1.67, 95 % CI 1.01–2.79) and severe postoperative complications (HR 1.76, 95 % CI 1.07–2.89) during the initial stay for PPU were all independently associated with an increased risk of long‐term mortality. Cause of long‐term mortality was most frequently (18 of 71; 25 %) attributed to new onset sepsis and/or multiorgan failure.ConclusionThe long‐term mortality after surgery for PPU is high. One in every three patients died during follow‐up. Older age, comorbidity and severe postoperative complications were risk factors for long‐term mortality.
Training Patterns and Lifetime Career Achievements of US Academic Cardiothoracic Surgeons
Authors: Rosati Carlo Maria , Valsangkar Nakul P. , Gaudino Mario , Blitzer David , Vardas Panos N. , Girardi Leonard N. , Turrentine Mark W. , Brown John W. , Koniaris Leonidas G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to investigate the impact of taking dedicated time for research (DTR) during training and/or getting a PhD on subsequent career achievements of US academic cardiothoracic surgeons.MethodsOnline resources (institutional Web sites, CTSNet, Scopus, NIH RePORTER) were queried to collect training information (timing of medical school/residency/fellowship graduation, DTR, PhD) and academic metrics (publications, citations, research funding) for 694 academic cardiothoracic surgeons practicing at 56 premiere US institutions.ResultsExcluding missing data, 464 (75 %) surgeons took DTR and 156 (25 %) did not; 629 (91 %) were MD only and 65 (9 %) also had a PhD. DTR was associated with higher number of ongoing publications (~5.6/year vs. ~3.8/year), with no difference for accrued number of total citations. History of DTR was more prevalent among surgeons with versus without NIH funding (87 vs. 71 %; p < 0.001), but no difference was seen across academic ranks and among those who were division/department chiefs. No overall increase in publications/citations, academic rank advancement, NIH funding, or leadership roles was found for those with a PhD.ConclusionsAmong cardiothoracic surgeons, devoting time during the training years exclusively to research might be associated with higher career‐long academic productivity in terms of annual number new publications and ability to get NIH funding, but without significant impact in terms of academic rank or institutional role advancement. No significant difference was found between those with versus without a PhD in terms of career‐long number of publications/citations, academic rank, NIH funding, or leadership role, even though sample size might have been insufficient to identify any such potential difference.
A meta‐analysis of parental style and consumer socialization of children
Authors: Mikeska Jessica , Harrison Robert L. , Carlson Les 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis meta‐analysis attempts to offer an overall cumulative effect estimate of the parental style–consumer socialization relationship(s) across 73 studies examining child outcomes, including 173 unique consumer socialization dependent variables—ranging from understanding advertising practices to weight status to theft—among approximately 200,000 child respondents. This meta‐analysis offers two contributions to the consumer socialization literature. It systematically confirms the influence that parental Restrictiveness (relative to Permissiveness) has on raising children adept at positively interacting—and avoiding negative interactions—with the marketplace and related environments. Also, this meta‐analysis supports prior literature's depiction of the Authoritative parenting style as especially important to these positive interactions with the marketplace, in particular among older children and psychosocial‐type outcomes. Finally, this research is the first to provide a comprehensive confirmation of differences in child thinking, believing, doing, choosing not to do, feeling, etc. as attributable to different parental styles.
Avalanche boron fusion by laser picosecond block ignition with magnetic trapping for clean and economic reactor
Authors: Hora H. , Korn G. , Eliezer S. , Nissim N. , Lalousis P. , Giuffrida L. , Margarone D. , Picciotto A. , Miley G.H. , Moustaizis S. , Martinez-Val J.-M. , Barty C.P.J. , Kirchhoff G.J. 
Published: October 2016

Measured highly elevated gains of proton–boron (HB11) fusion (Picciotto et al., Phys. Rev. X 4, 031030 (2014)) confirmed the exceptional avalanche reaction process (Lalousis et al., Laser Part. Beams 32, 409 (2014); Hora et al., Laser Part. Beams 33, 607 (2015)) for the combination of the non-thermal block ignition using ultrahigh intensity laser pulses of picoseconds duration. The ultrahigh acceleration above

$10^{20}~\text{cm}~\text{s}^{-2}$

for plasma blocks was theoretically and numerically predicted since 1978 (Hora, Physics of Laser Driven Plasmas (Wiley, 1981), pp. 178 and 179) and measured (Sauerbrey, Phys. Plasmas 3, 4712 (1996)) in exact agreement (Hora et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, 072701 (2007)) when the dominating force was overcoming thermal processes. This is based on Maxwell’s stress tensor by the dielectric properties of plasma leading to the nonlinear (ponderomotive) force

$f_{\text{NL}}$

resulting in ultra-fast expanding plasma blocks by a dielectric explosion. Combining this with measured ultrahigh magnetic fields and the avalanche process opens an option for an environmentally absolute clean and economic boron fusion power reactor. This is supported also by other experiments with very high HB11 reactions under different conditions (Labaune et al., Nature Commun. 4, 2506 (2013)).
Clinical Outcomes and Healthcare Utilization Related to Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections in Community Hospitals
Authors: Dicks Kristen V. , Anderson Deverick J. , Baker Arthur W. , Sexton Daniel J. , Lewis Sarah S. 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of multidrug-resistant gram-negative rod (MDR-GNR) infections on mortality and healthcare resource utilization in community hospitals.DESIGNTwo matched case-control analyses.SETTINGSix community hospitals participating in the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2012.PARTICIPANTSAdult patients admitted to study hospitals during the study period.METHODSPatients with MDR-GNR bloodstream and urinary tract infections were compared with 2 groups: (1) patients with infections due to nonMDR-GNR and (2) control patients representative of the nonpsychiatric, non-obstetric hospitalized population. Four outcomes were assessed: mortality, direct cost of hospitalization, length of stay, and 30-day readmission rates. Multivariable regression models were created to estimate the effect of MDR status on each outcome measure.RESULTSNo mortality difference was seen in either analysis. Patients with MDR-GNR infections had 2.03 higher odds of 30-day readmission compared with patients with nonMDR-GNR infections (95% CI, 1.04–3.97, P=.04). There was no difference in hospital direct costs between patients with MDR-GNR infections and patients with nonMDR-GNR infections. Hospitalizations for patients with MDR-GNR infections cost $5,320.03 more (95% CI, $2,366.02–$8,274.05, P<.001) and resulted in 3.40 extra hospital days (95% CI, 1.41–5.40, P<.001) than hospitalizations for control patients.CONCLUSIONSOur study provides novel data regarding the clinical and financial impact of MDR gram-negative bacterial infections in community hospitals. There was no difference in mortality between patients with MDR-GNR infections and patients with nonMDR-GNR infections or control patients.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–8
Oxidative stress in relation to diet and physical activity among premenopausal women
Authors: Anderson Chelsea , Milne Ginger L. , Sandler Dale P. , Nichols Hazel B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHigher levels of oxidative stress, as measured by F2-isoprostanes, have been associated with chronic diseases such as CVD and some cancers. Improvements in diet and physical activity may help reduce oxidative stress; however, previous studies regarding associations between lifestyle factors and F2-isoprostane concentrations have been inconsistent. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether physical activity and intakes of fruits/vegetables, antioxidant nutrients, dietary fat subgroups and alcohol are associated with concentrations of F2-isoprostane and the major F2-isoprostane metabolite. Urinary F2-isoprostane and its metabolite were measured in urine samples collected at enrolment from 912 premenopausal women (aged 35–54 years) participating in the Sister Study. Physical activity, alcohol consumption and dietary intakes were self-reported via questionnaires. With adjustment for potential confounders, the geometric means of F2-isoprostane and its metabolite were calculated according to quartiles of dietary intakes, alcohol consumption and physical activity, and linear regression models were used to evaluate trends. Significant inverse associations were found between F2-isoprostane and/or its metabolite and physical activity, vegetables, fruits, vitamin C, α-carotene, vitamin E, β-carotene, vitamin A, Se, lutein+zeaxanthin and long-chain n-3 fatty acids. Although trans fats were positively associated with both F2-isoprostane and its metabolite, other dietary fat subgroups including SFA, n-6 fatty acids, n-3 fatty acids, MUFA, PUFA, short-chain n-3 fatty acids, long-chain n-3 fatty acids and total fat were not associated with either F2-isoprostane or its metabolite. Our findings suggest that lower intake of antioxidant nutrients and higher intake of trans fats may be associated with greater oxidative stress among premenopausal women.
The effect of oatβ-glucan on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apoB for CVD risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials
Authors: Ho Hoang V. T. , Sievenpiper John L. , Zurbau Andreea , Blanco Mejia Sonia , Jovanovski Elena , Au-Yeung Fei , Jenkins Alexandra L. , Vuksan Vladimir 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOats are a rich source ofβ-glucan, a viscous, soluble fibre recognised for its cholesterol-lowering properties, and are associated with reduced risk of CVD. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials (RCT) investigating the cholesterol-lowering potential of oatβ-glucan on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apoB for the risk reduction of CVD. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched. We included RCT of ≥3 weeks of follow-up, assessing the effect of diets enriched with oatβ-glucan compared with controlled diets on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol or apoB. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality and risk of bias. Data were pooled using the generic inverse-variance method with random effects models and expressed as mean differences with 95 % CI. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran’sQstatistic and quantified by theI2-statistic. In total, fifty-eight trials (n3974) were included. A median dose of 3·5 g/d of oatβ-glucan significantly lowered LDL-cholesterol (−0·19; 95 % CI −0·23, −0·14 mmol/l,P<0·00001), non-HDL-cholesterol (−0·20; 95 % CI −0·26, −0·15 mmol/l,P<0·00001) and apoB (−0·03; 95 % CI −0·05, −0·02 g/l,P<0·0001) compared with control interventions. There was evidence for considerable unexplained heterogeneity in the analysis of LDL-cholesterol (I2=79 %) and non-HDL-cholesterol (I2=99 %). Pooled analyses showed that oatβ-glucan has a lowering effect on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apoB. Inclusion of oat-containing foods may be a strategy for achieving targets in CVD reduction.
GROWTH AND YIELD OF COMMON BEAN AS AFFECTED BY SEED INOCULATION WITH RHIZOBIUM AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION
Authors: BARROS RODRIGO LUIZ NEVES , DE OLIVEIRA LEANDRO BARBOSA , DE MAGALHÃES WELLITON BARROS , PIMENTEL CARLOS 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYTwo field experiments were conducted during the rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the effects of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and/or sowing N fertilization on the growth and yield of Phaseolus vulgaris L. In addition, leaf soluble protein content (LSPC) was measured at four growth stages in both seasons. Plants were subjected to the following treatments: only fertilized with 20 kg N ha−1 at sowing and with 40 kg N ha−1 at 25 days after emergence (DAE) (F); only inoculated with Rhizobium tropici strain SEMIA 4080 at sowing and fertilized with 40 kg N ha−1 at 25 DAE (I+N); and inoculated and fertilized with 20 kg N ha−1 at sowing and with 40 kg N ha−1 at 25 DAE (IF). An additional treatment was done only in the second season and plants were inoculated with no N fertilization at any phase (I−N). Crop growth rate and leaf area index were enhanced by IF and F treatments as compared to I+N treatment, however, net assimilation rate did not differ among the treatments. At the pollination and flowering stages for seasons, LSPC was significantly increased by IF treatment, which also caused the highest final yield compared with the remaining treatments in both seasons. Therefore, the fertilization with 20 kg N ha−1 at sowing together with inoculation and 40 kg N ha−1 at 25 DAE is recommended for obtaining high yield in bean cultivation with high technology. As the inoculation with Rhizobium at sowing and fertilization with 40 kg N ha−1 at 25 DAE (I+N) had the same crop yield as plants fertilized at sowing and at 25 DAE (F), it can be recommended for a low-cost technology cultivation employed by small farmers.
NITROGEN FIXATION OF GRAIN LEGUMES DIFFERS IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN FERTILISATION
Authors: PAMPANA SILVIA , MASONI ALESSANDRO , MARIOTTI MARCO , ERCOLI LAURA , ARDUINI IDUNA 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYLegume crops are not usually fertilised with mineral N. However, there are at least two agronomic cases when it would be advantageous to distribute N fertiliser to legume crops: at sowing, before the onset of nodule functioning, and when a legume is intercropped with a cereal. We highlight the impact of various levels of fertiliser nitrogen on grain yield, nodulation capacity and biological nitrogen fixation in the four most common grain legume crops grown in central Italy. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor), pea (Pisum sativum L.) and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) were grown in soil inside growth boxes for two cropping seasons with five nitrogen fertilisation rates: 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha−1. In both years, experimental treatments (five crops and five levels of N) were arranged in a randomised block design. We found that unfertilised plants overall yielded grain, total biomass and nitrogen at a similar level to plants supplied with 80–120 kg ha−1 of mineral nitrogen. However, above those N rates, the production of chickpea, pea and white lupin decreased, thus indicating that the high supply of N fertiliser decreased the level of N2 fixed to such an extent that the full N2-fixing potential might not be achieved. In all four grain legumes, the amount of N2 fixed was positively related to nodule biomass, which was inversely related to the rate of the N fertiliser applied. The four grain legumes studied responded differently to N fertilisation: in white lupin and chickpea, the amount of nitrogen derived from N2 fixation linearly decreased with increasing N supply as a result of a reduction in nodulation and N2 fixed per unit mass of nodules. Conversely, in field bean and pea, the decrease in N2 fixation was only due to a reduction in nodule biomass since nodule fixation activity increased with N supply. Our results suggest that the legume species and the N rate are critical factors in determining symbiotic N2-fixation responses to N fertilisation.
CONSANGUINITY BY RANDOM ISONYMY AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ARGENTINA: A POPULATION STUDY
Authors: Dipierri José Edgardo , Rodríguez-Larralde Alvaro , Barrai Italo , Redomero Esperanza Gutiérrez , Alonso-Rodríguez Concepción , Alfaro Emma Laura 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIn human populations various flexible, labile and interdependent structures (genetic, demographic, socioeconomic) co-exist, each of which can be organized in an hierarchical order corresponding to administrative entities. The relationship between consanguinity, as estimated by random isonymy (FST), and socioeconomic conditions was analysed at different levels of political and administrative organization in Argentina. From the surnames of 22,666,139 voters from the 2001 electoral roll,FSTwas estimated for 510 Argentinian departments. Using a principal component analysis, a Socio-Demographic and Economic Indicator (SDEI), summarizing the effect of 22 socioeconomic and demographic variables at the departmental level, was computed. The relationship between departmentalFSTand SDEI values was analysed for the whole nation and within regions using multiple regression analysis. TheFSTpresented a clinal distribution with the highest values in the north and west of the country, while SDEI expressed the opposite behaviour. A negative and significant correlation was observed betweenFSTand SDEI, accounting for 46% of the variation in consanguinity in Argentina. The strongest correlations ofFSTwith SDEI were observed in the Central, Patagonia and Cuyo regions, i.e. those with the highest values of SDEI and lowest values ofFST.
Scat detection dogs, DNA and species distribution modelling reveal a diminutive geographical range for the Vulnerable small red brocket deerMazama bororo
Authors: Duarte José Maurício Barbanti , Talarico Ângela Cristina , Vogliotti Alexandre , Garcia José Eduardo , Oliveira Márcio Leite , Maldonado Jesús E. , González Susana 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe small red brocket deerMazama bororois endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a biome that has been greatly fragmented and altered by human activities. This elusive species is morphologically similar to the red brocket deerMazama americanaand the Brazilian dwarf brocket deerMazama nana, and genetic typing is necessary for reliable identification. To determine the geographical range ofM. bororomore accurately, we conducted non-invasive genetic sampling using scat detection dogs trained to locate deer faeces. We surveyed 46 protected areas located within the species’ potential distribution and collected a total of 555 scat samples in 30 of the protected areas. Using a polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism approach, we genotyped 497 scat samples (89%) and detectedM. bororoin seven localities in three Brazilian states. The results support a range extension of the small red brocket deer to latitudes 23 and 28°S and longitudes 47 and 49°W. We show that the species’ distribution is associated with 37,517 km2of the Ombrophilous Dense Forest in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and this conclusion is supported by species distribution modelling. The small red brocket deer is the largest endemic species in Brazil and may have the smallest geographical distribution of any Neotropical deer species. This species occupies fragmented landscapes and is threatened by human encroachment, poaching, and predation by dogs, and based on our findings we recommend policy intervention for conservation planning of the Ombrophilous Dense Forest.
The influence of demographic factors on subjective cognitive concerns and beta-amyloid
Authors: Aghjayan Sarah L. , Buckley Rachel F. , Vannini Patrizia , Rentz Dorene M. , Jackson Jonathan D. , Sperling Reisa A. , Johnson Keith A. , Amariglio Rebecca E. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Converging evidence suggests that subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) are associated with biomarker evidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) prior to objective clinical impairment. However, the sensitivity of SCC reports in early AD may be biased by demographic factors. Here, we sought to investigate whether age, education, and sex influence the relationship between SCC and amyloid (Aβ) burden.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, we examined 252 clinically normal (CN) individuals (57.7% females) enrolled in the Harvard Aging Brain Study, ages 63–90 years (mean 73.7±6) with 6–20 years of education (mean 15.8±3). SCC was assessed as a composite score comprising three questionnaires. Cortical Aβ burden was assessed with Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography imaging. A series of linear regression models assessed the potential modifying role of demographic variables with respect to Aβ burden and SCC. Apost-hocmediation model was implemented to further understand the relationship between Aβ burden and SCC via their relationship with education.Results:Age (β = −0.84,p= 0.36) and sex (β = −0.55,p= 0.22) did not modify the relationship between SCC and Aβ burden. Fewer years of education was correlated with greater SCC (r= −0.12,p= 0.05), but the relationship between Aβ burden and SCC was stronger in those with more education (β = 1.16,p< 0.05). A partial mediation effect was found of Aβ burden on SCC via education (b= −0.12, 95% CI [−0.31, −0.02]).Conclusions:These findings suggest that the association between SCC and Aβ burden becomes stronger with greater educational attainment. Thus, SCC may be of particular importance in highly educated CN individuals harboring amyloid pathology.