bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Application and Multidisciplinary Assessment of Three Dimensional Printing in Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Remote Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Garekar Swati , Bharati Alpa , Chokhandre Manish , Mali Shivaji , Trivedi Bhadra , Changela Vishal P. , Solanki Narayan , Gaikwad Sarang , Agarwal Vijay 
Published: May 2016

Background: Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) with two well-developed ventricles and with a remote ventricular septal defect (VSD) may present a therapeutic challenge. Echocardiographic imaging of such complex cases does not always provide all of the information required to decide on an operative approach (biventricular or univentricular) and to design an intracardiac baffle to direct left ventricular outflow through the VSD and to the aorta for biventricular repair. A three dimensional (3D) printed model of the heart based upon data derived from computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may contribute to a more complete appreciation of the intracardiac anatomy. Methods: From April to September 2015, six consecutive patients with DORV and remote VSD underwent CT/MRI scans. Data sets from these studies were used to generate life-size 3D models using a 3D printer. We compared the assessment of 3D printed heart model findings with information obtained from echocardiography, CT, or cardiac MRI and with details of the surgeon’s intraoperative direct observations when available. Quantification of the information provided by the 3D model was achieved using a unique scale that was created for the purpose of this study. The accuracy and utility of information derived preoperatively from the models were assessed. Results: Six data sets from six patients were analyzed. Five data sets could be successfully used to create sandstone models using 3D printing. The five patients ranged from 7 months to 11 years of age and weighed 6.7 to 26 kg. The spatial orientation of the heart in the thorax, the relationships of the great arteries and the semilunar valves, the size and location of the VSD were well appreciated in all models, as were the anticipated dimensions and orientation of a surgically planned interventricular baffle. Three of the five patients underwent successful biventricular repair. Conclusion: The 3D printed models scored higher than conventional imaging, with respect to most aspects of the surface spatial orientation and intracardiac anatomy. The models are a useful adjunct in preoperative assessment of complex DORV. The unique scale helps quantify the advantages and limitations of the 3D heart models.
Reshaping Bengal’s Health Care: Exploring Its Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Gomes Shubhro Michael , Pareek Sushil Kumar 
Published: May 2016

Tourism is one of the basic desires of every human being for experience, education, and entertainment. It is also one of the important areas in the tertiary sector of India. Health care is a subsector under tourism. Health care tourism sector has gained enormous response throughout the world and in India, especially during this post-globalization phase. It is so primarily because of its association with the inflow of foreign exchange through foreign tourist arrival, and foreign direct investment and its impact on the economy—sociocultural, economic, politico-legal, etc. The contribution of domestic tourist also cannot be ignored. The article is aimed to create awareness among various stakeholders of health care tourism in West Bengal and at the same time create more enthusiasm toward the subsector. The article also puts forward some specific recommendations to make the West Bengal health care sector more viable, vibrant, and sustainable.
Practising evidence-based medicine in an era of high placebo
response: number needed to treat reconsidered
Authors: Roose Steven P. , Rutherford Bret R. , Wall Melanie M. , Thase Michael E. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe number needed to treat (NNT) statistic was developed to facilitate the
practice of evidence-based medicine. Placebo was assumed to be
therapeutically inert when the NNT was originally conceived, but more recent
data for conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD) suggest that the
placebo control condition can have considerable therapeutic effects.
Complications arise because the NNT calculated from randomised controlled
trials (RCTs) reflects a comparison between medication plus clinical
management and placebo plus clinical management, whereas, in the clinical
setting, physicians choose between prescribing open medication, observing a
patient over time with a supportive approach, and doing nothing. Thus, NNTs
derived from clinical trials are not directly relevant to clinical
decision-making, because they are based on control conditions that do not
exist in standard practice. Additional difficulties may arise when using
NNTs to compare alternative treatments for MDD, such as medication and
psychotherapy, since these comparisons require the control conditions upon
which the respective NNTs are based to be similar. Whereas pill placebo
conditions include intensive clinical management and elicit expectations of
improvement, attention control conditions for psychotherapy research are
less well developed. Often the effects of psychotherapy are gauged against a
wait-list control condition, which has substantially fewer therapeutic
components than a pill placebo control condition. To improve the clinical
utility of NNTs for the treatment of MDD, we advocate effectiveness studies
that include treatment conditions resembling actual clinical practice,
rather than using placebo-controlled RCTs for this purpose. Until such
studies are performed, the effect of bias in comparing NNTs across
treatments can be controlled by ensuring that the RCT control conditions
upon which the NNTs are based are comparable.
Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 is a specific cell-surface marker for isolating hepatocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Peters Derek T. , Henderson Christopher A. , Warren Curtis R. , Friesen Max , Xia Fang , Becker Caroline E. , Musunuru Kiran , Cowan Chad A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) are derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro, but differentiation protocols commonly give rise to a heterogeneous mixture of cells. This variability confounds the evaluation of in vitro functional assays performed using HLCs. Increased differentiation efficiency and more accurate approximation of the in vivo hepatocyte gene expression profile would improve the utility of hPSCs. Towards this goal, we demonstrate the purification of a subpopulation of functional HLCs using the hepatocyte surface marker asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1). We analyzed the expression profile of ASGR1-positive cells by microarray, and tested their ability to perform mature hepatocyte functions (albumin and urea secretion, cytochrome activity). By these measures, ASGR1-positive HLCs are enriched for the gene expression profile and functional characteristics of primary hepatocytes compared with unsorted HLCs. We have demonstrated that ASGR1-positive sorting isolates a functional subpopulation of HLCs from among the heterogeneous cellular population produced by directed differentiation.
Heartbreak hotel: a convergence in cardiac regeneration
Authors: Schneider Michael D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
In February 2016, The Company of Biologists hosted an intimate gathering of leading international researchers at the forefront of experimental cardiovascular regeneration, with its emphasis on ‘Transdifferentiation and Tissue Plasticity in Cardiovascular Rejuvenation’. As I review here, participants at the workshop revealed how understanding cardiac growth and lineage decisions at their most fundamental level has transformed the strategies in hand that presently energize the prospects for human heart repair.
Visualizing Asymmetric Competition Among More Than 1,000 Products Using Big Search Data
Authors: Ringel Daniel M. , Skiera Bernd 
Published: May 2016

In large markets comprising hundreds of products, comprehensive visualization of competitive market structures can be cumbersome and complex. Yet, as we show empirically, reduction of the analysis to smaller representative product sets can obscure important information. Herein we use big search data from a product- and price-comparison site to derive consideration sets of consumers that reflect competition between products. We integrate these data into a new modeling and two-dimensional mapping approach that enables the user to visualize asymmetric competition in large markets (>1,000 products) and to identify distinct submarkets. An empirical application to the LED-TV market, comprising 1,124 products and 56 brands, leads to valid and useful insights and shows that our method outperforms traditional models such as multidimensional scaling. Likewise, we demonstrate that big search data from product- and price-comparison sites provide higher external validity than search data from Google and Amazon. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0950 .
Monetizing Ratings Data for Product Research
Authors: Hardt Nino , Varbanov Alex , Allenby Greg M. 
Published: May 2016

Features involving the taste, smell, touch, and sight of products, as well as attributes such as safety and confidence, are not easily measured in product research without respondents actually experiencing them. Moreover, product researchers often evaluate a large number of these attributes (e.g., >50) in applied studies, making standard valuation techniques such as conjoint analysis difficult to implement. Product researchers instead rely on ratings data to assess features for which the respondent has had actual experience. In this paper we develop a method of monetizing rating data to standardize product evaluations among respondents. The adjusted data are shown to increase the accuracy of purchase predictions by about 20% relative to existing methods of scale adjustment, leading to better inference in models using ratings data. We demonstrate our method using data from a large scale product use study by a packaged goods manufacturer. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0980 .
Experimental Designs and Estimation for Online Display Advertising Attribution in Marketplaces
Authors: Barajas Joel , Akella Ram , Holtan Marius , Flores Aaron 
Published: May 2016

Online Display Advertising’s importance as a marketing channel is partially due to its ability to attribute conversions to campaigns. Current industry practice to measure ad effectiveness is to run randomized experiments using placebo ads, assuming external validity for future exposures. We identify two different effects, i.e., a strategic effect of the campaign presence in marketplaces, and a selection effect due to user targeting; these are confounded in current practices. We propose two novel randomized designs to: (1) estimate the overall campaign attribution without placebo ads, (2) disaggregate the campaign presence and ad effects. Using the Potential Outcomes Causal Model, we address the selection effect by estimating the probability of selecting influenceable users. We show the ex-ante value of continuing evaluation to enhance the user selection for ad exposure mid-flight. We analyze two performance-based (CPA) and one Cost-Per-Impression (CPM) campaigns with 20 million users each. We estimate a negative CPM campaign presence effect due to cross product spillovers. Experimental evidence suggests that CPA campaigns incentivize selection of converting users regardless of the ad, up to 96% more than CPM campaigns, thus challenging the standard practice of targeting most likely converting users. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0982 .
Fatal pulmonary embolism following elective total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Bayley E. , Brown S. , Bhamber N. S. , Howard P. W. 
Published: May 2016

Aims The place of thromboprophylaxis in arthroplasty surgery remains controversial, with a challenging requirement to balance prevention of potentially fatal venous thrombo-embolism with minimising wound-related complications leading to deep infection. We compared the incidence of fatal pulmonary embolism in patients undergoing elective primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) between those receiving aspirin, warfarin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for the chemical component of a multi-modal thromboprophylaxis regime. Patients and Methods A prospective audit database was used to identify patients who had died within 42 and 90 days of surgery respectively between April 2000 and December 2012. A case note review was performed to ascertain the causes of death. Results During this period 7983 THAs were performed. The rate of mortality was 0.43% and 0.58% at 42 and 90 days respectively. The groups comprised 1571 patients (19.7%) on warfarin, 1838 (23.0%) on LMWH and 4574 (57.3%) on aspirin. The 90-day mortality for these three groups was 0.38%, 1.09% and 0.43% respectively. The higher mortality rate for LMWH was significant (p < 0.05). There were six fatal pulmonary emboli (PEs) (0.08%). A total of three occurred within 42 days, all in the LMWH group. A total of three occurred between 42 and 90 days; one on warfarin, two on LMWH. The leading causes of death in all three groups were lower respiratory tract infections and myocardial infarction. Conclusion We confirmed that fatal PE following elective THA with a multi-modal prophylaxis regime is rare. We further found that LMWH conferred no benefit over aspirin in this context, and is associated with a higher all-cause rate of mortality. Take home message: This study proposes that aspirin may be an appropriate thromboprophylaxis agent when used as part of a multi-modal regimen, suggesting current guidelines should be reviewed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:585–8.
Closed intramedullary nailing with percutaneous cement augmentation for long bone metastases
Authors: Kim Y-i. , Kang H. G. , Kim J. H. , Kim S-k. , Lin P. P. , Kim H. S. 
Published: May 2016

AimsThe purpose of the study was to investigate whether closed intramedullary (IM) nailing with percutaneous cement augmentation is better than conventional closed nailing at relieving pain and suppressing tumours in patients with metastases of the femur and humerus.Patients and MethodsA total of 43 patients (27 men, 16 women, mean age 63.7 years, standard deviation (sd) 12.2; 21 to 84) underwent closed IM nailing with cement augmentation for long bone metastases. A further 27 patients, who underwent conventional closed IM nailing, served as controls. Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) score pre-operatively (pre-operative VAS), one week post-operatively (immediate post-operative VAS), and at six weeks post-operatively (follow-up post-operative VAS). Progression of the tumour was evaluated in subgroups of patients using F-18-fludeoxyglucose (F-18-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and/or bone scintigraphy (BS), at a mean of 8.8 and 7.2 months post-operatively, respectively.ResultsThe mean pain scores of patients who underwent closed nailing with cement augmentation were significantly lower than those of the control patients post-operatively (immediate post-operative VAS: 3.8, sd 0.9 versus 6.0, sd 0.9; follow-up post-operative VAS: 3.3, sd 2.5 versus 6.6, sd 2.2; all p < 0.001). The progression of the metastasis was suppressed in 50% (10/20) of patients who underwent closed nailing with augmentation, but in only 8% (1/13) of those in the control group.ConclusionPercutaneous cement augmentation of closed IM nailing improves the relief of pain and limits the progression of the tumour in patients with metastases to the long bones. Take home message: Percutaneous cement augmentation while performing closed IM nailing has some advantages for long bone metastases. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:703–9.
Corrosion at the head-neck interface of current designs of modular femoral components
Authors: Osman K. , Panagiotidou A. P. , Khan M. , Blunn G. , Haddad F. S. 
Published: May 2016

There is increasing global awareness of adverse reactions to metal debris and elevated serum metal ion concentrations following the use of second generation metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasties. The high incidence of these complications can be largely attributed to corrosion at the head-neck interface. Severe corrosion of the taper is identified most commonly in association with larger diameter femoral heads. However, there is emerging evidence of varying levels of corrosion observed in retrieved components with smaller diameter femoral heads. This same mechanism of galvanic and mechanically-assisted crevice corrosion has been observed in metal-on-polyethylene and ceramic components, suggesting an inherent biomechanical problem with current designs of the head-neck interface.We provide a review of the fundamental questions and answers clinicians and researchers must understand regarding corrosion of the taper, and its relevance to current orthopaedic practice.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:579–84.
Factors predictive of patient outcome following total wrist arthrodesis
Authors: Owen D. H. , Agius P. A. , Nair A. , Perriman D. M. , Smith P. N. , Roberts C. J. 
Published: May 2016

Aims Total wrist arthrodesis (TWA) produces a spectrum of outcomes. We investigated this by reviewing 77 consecutive TWA performed for inflammatory and post-traumatic arthropathies, wrist instability and as a salvage procedure. Patients and Methods All operations were performed by a single surgeon using a specifically designed pre-contoured dorsally applied non-locking wrist arthrodesis plate at a single centre. Results Median post-operative Buck-Gramcko Lohman (BGL), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation scores at six years (interquartile range (IQR) 3 to 11) were 9 (IQR = 6 to 10), 19 (IQR = 7 to 45) and 13 (IQR = 1 to 31) respectively. Polyarticular inflammatory arthritis and female gender were associated with poorer patient-reported outcomes, although the effect of gender was partly explained by higher rates of inflammatory disease among women. Return to work was negatively influenced by workers’ compensation and non-inflammatory wrist pathology. There was no difference in complication rates for inflammatory and non-inflammatory indications. Take home message: Polyarticular inflammatory arthritis is a risk factor for adverse patient-reported outcomes in TWA. Furthermore, when compared with patients without inflammatory arthritis, dorsally applied pre-contoured plates can be used for wrist arthrodesis in patients with inflammatory arthritis without an increased risk of complications. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:647–53.
Vertebral column decancellation
Authors: Zhang X. , Zhang Z. , Wang J. , Lu M. , Hu W. , Wang Y. , Wang Y. 
Published: May 2016

AimsThe aim of this study is to introduce and investigate the efficacy and feasibility of a new vertebral osteotomy technique, vertebral column decancellation (VCD), for rigid thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity (TLKD) secondary to ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Patients and MethodsWe took 39 patients from between January 2009 and January 2013 (26 male, 13 female, mean age 37.4 years, 28 to 54) with AS and a TLKD who underwent VCD (VCD group) and compared their outcome with 45 patients (31 male, 14 female, mean age 34.8 years, 23 to 47) with AS and TLKD, who underwent pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO group), according to the same selection criteria. The technique of VCD was performed at single vertebral level in the thoracolumbar region of AS patients according to classification of AS kyphotic deformity. Pre- and post-operative chin-brow vertical angle (CBVA), sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and sagittal Cobb angle in the thoracolumbar region were reviewed in the VCD and PSO groups. Intra- , post-operative and general complications were analysed in both group.Resultslf patients could lie on their backs and walk with horizontal vision and sagittal profile, radiographic parameters improved significantly post-operatively in both groups. No major acute complications such as death or complete paralysis occurred in either group. In the VCD group, five patients (12.8%) experienced complications such as severe CSF leak (n = 4), deep wound infection (n = 1) and in one patient a transient neurological deficit occurred. In the PSO group, eight patients (17.8%) suffered conditions such as severe CSF leak (n = 5), infections (n = 2) and sagittal translation at osteotomy site (n = 1). Scoliosis Research Society outcomes instrument (SRS-22) improved significantly in both groups. All patients achieved solid fusion at latest follow-up and no implant failures were noted in either group. Take home message: The VCD technique is a new, safe and effective strategy for correction of rigid TLKD in AS patients. The main advantage of the new correction mechanism is that it achieved a satisfactory correction by controlled anterior column opening and posterior column closing, avoiding the occurrence of sagittal translation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:672–8.
Quantitative analysis of a spinal surgeon’s learning curve for scoliosis surgery
Authors: Ryu K. J. , Suh S. W. , Kim H. W. , Lee D. H. , Yoon Y. , Hwang J. H. 
Published: May 2016

Aims The aim of this study was a quantitative analysis of a surgeon’s learning curve for scoliosis surgery and the relationship between the surgeon’s experience and post-operative outcomes, which has not been previously well described. Patients and Methods We have investigated the operating time as a function of the number of patients to determine a specific pattern; we analysed factors affecting the operating time and compared intra- and post-operative outcomes. We analysed 47 consecutive patients undergoing scoliosis surgery performed by a single, non-trained scoliosis surgeon. Operating time was recorded for each of the four parts of the procedures: dissection, placement of pedicle screws, reduction of the deformity and wound closure. Results The median operating time was 310 minutes (interquartile range 277.5 to 432.5). The pattern showed a continuous decreasing trend in operating time until the patient number reached 23 to 25, after which it stabilised with fewer patient-dependent changes. The operating time was more affected by the patient number (r =- 0.75) than the number of levels fused (r = 0.59). Blood loss (p = 0.016) and length of stay in hospital (p = 0.012) were significantly less after the operating time stabilised. Post-operative functional outcome scores and the rate of complications showed no significant differences. Take home message: We describe a detailed learning curve for scoliosis surgery based on a single surgeon’s practise, providing useful information for novice scoliosis surgeons and for those responsible for training in spinal surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:679–85.