bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon-based plant defences, tooth wear and voles
Authors: Calandra Ivan , Zub Karol , Szafrańska Paulina A. , Zalewski Andrzej , Merceron Gildas 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Plant–herbivore interactions are hypothesized to drive vole population cycles through the grazing-induced production of phytoliths in leaves. Phytoliths act as mechanical defences because they deter herbivory and lower growth rates in mammals. However, how phytoliths impair herbivore performance is still unknown. Here, we tested whether the amount of phytoliths changes tooth wear patterns. If confirmed, abrasion from phytoliths could play a role in population crashes. We applied dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) to laboratory and wild voles. Lab voles were fed two pelleted diets with differing amounts of silicon, which produced similar dental textures. This was most probably due to the loss of food mechanical properties through pelletization and/or the small difference in silicon concentration between diets. Wild voles were trapped in Poland during spring and summer, and every year across a population cycle. In spring, voles feed on silica-rich monocotyledons, while in the summer they also include silica-depleted dicotyledons. This was reflected in the results; the amount of silica therefore leaves a traceable record in the dental microwear texture of voles. Furthermore, voles from different phases of population cycles have different microwear textures. We tentatively propose that these differences result from grazing-induced phytolith concentrations. We hypothesize that the high amount of phytoliths in response to intense grazing in peak years may result in malocclusion and other dental abnormalities, which would explain how these silicon-based plant defences help provoke population crashes. DMTA could then be used to reconstruct vole population dynamics using teeth from pellets or palaeontological material.
Uma análise do aspecto regulador do Estado brasileiro à luz do papel das agências reguladoras
Authors: Silva Cristina Alves da , Nelson Rocco Antonio Rangel Rosso 
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo tem como escopo discutir o surgimento das agências reguladoras diante da evolução do Estado: iniciando no Estado liberal, passando pelo Estado social até chegar ao Estado regulador ou neoliberal. Fez-se um breve histórico do surgimento das primeiras agências reguladoras no direito internacional e, ainda, das variadas características desses entes administrativos criados na forma de autarquias em regime especial, dotados de autonomia e poder normativo, e, para tanto, utilizou-se uma metodologia de análise qualitativa com métodos de abordagem hipotético-dedutivos de caráter descritivo e analítico. Nesse contexto, buscou-se analisar essa regulação como espécie de intervenção estatal, surgida para ordenar os setores básicos da infraestrutura econômica e, dessa forma, tornam-se as agências reguladoras responsáveis pelo controle, regulamentação e fiscalização de serviços públicos, atividades e bens transferidos ao setor privado. An analysis of the regulatory aspect of the Brazilian State from the perspective of the role of regulatory agencies This article is scoped to discuss the emergence of regulatory agencies on the evolution of the State: starting in the Liberal State, passing through the Welfare State until you reach the State Regulator or Neoliberal. There was a brief history of the emergence of the first regulatory agencies in international law, and yet, the varied characteristics of these administrative bodies created in the form of local authorities in special regime, endowed with autonomy and legislative powers, and to this end, we used a methodology of qualitative analysis with hypothetical-deductive approach methods of analytical and descriptive character. In this context, we sought to examine this regulation while species of State intervention, which to order the basic sectors of the economic infrastructure, and thus, become the with regulatory agencies, responsible for control, regulation and supervision of public services, activities and assets transferred to the private sector.
Espécie Invasora — história da recepção do conceito de direito administrativo pela doutrina jurídica brasileira no século XIX
Authors: Guandalini Junior Walter 
Published: February 2016

O artigo examina o processo de recepção do conceito de “direito administrativo” pela doutrina jurídica brasileira no século XIX. Iniciando pela análise do trabalho de construção do conceito pela doutrina jurídica francesa, avalia o modo como ele foi incorporado ao pensamento jurídico nacional e as consequências de sua ressignificação em face do contexto político-social específico de nosso país. Conclui apresentando as funções desempenhadas pelo conceito de “direito administrativo” no discurso jurídico em circulação no Brasil Imperial. Invading Species — history of the reception of the concept of administrative law by the brazilian legal doctrine in the 19th century This paper examines the reception process of the concept of “administrative law” by the brazilian legal doctrine in the 19th century. It analyses the concept’s construction by french legal doctrine, evaluates its incorporation into national legal thought and the consequences of its resignification in the light of brazilian socio-political context. Concludes by presenting the role played by the concept of “administrative law” in the circulating legal discourse in the Empire of Brazil.
Ius Constitutionale Commune na América Latina. Uma reflexão sobre um constitucionalismo transformador
Authors: Von Bogdandy Armin 
Published: February 2016

O Ius Constitutionale Commune na América Latina (Iccal) trata de uma abordagem regional sobre o constitucionalismo transformador. Esse enfoque se assenta na inquietante experiência adquirida com as inaceitáveis condições de vida existentes, e aponta para a transformação da realidade política e social da América Latina, por meio do fortalecimento da democracia, do estado de direito e dos direitos humanos. Os problemas comuns aos países latino-americanos, tais como a exclusão de amplos setores da sociedade, bem como a deficiente normatividade dos direitos, são temas centrais dessa abordagem. O Iccal não aposta somente na integração funcional da região, mas sim em um constitucionalismo regional dos direitos com garantias supranacionais. Como resultado deste, os representantes do Iccal reconhecem a tão estreita relação que existe entre os direitos constitucional, internacional e comparado. A abertura dos ordenamentos jurídicos nacionais de numerosos países latino-americanos, com o direito internacional e, em particular, com o sistema interamericano de proteção dos direitos humanos, é de particular importância e constitui o núcleo normativo do Iccal. A presente contribuição analisa os elementos centrais de tal abordagem, e descreve seus contornos, especificamente, latino-americanos. Ius Constitutionale Commune in Latin America. A reflection on a transformer constitutionalism The Ius Commune Constitutionale in Latin America (Iccal) is a regional approach to the transformative constitutionalism. This approach is based on the unsettling experience of the existing unacceptable living conditions, and points to the transformation of the political and social reality of Latin America, through the strengthening of democracy, the rule of law and human rights. The common problems to Latin American countries, such as the exclusion of broad sectors of society, as well as poor normativity of rights, are central themes of this approach. Iccal not only focus on the functional integration of the region, but on a regional constitutionalism rights to supranational guarantees. As a result of this, representatives of Iccal recognize such a close relationship that exists between constitutional, international and compared rights. The opening of the national legal systems of many Latin American countries, with international law and in particular with the inter-American system of human rights protection is of particular importance and represents the normative core Iccal. This contribution examines the key elements of such an approach, and describes its contours, specifically Latin Americans.
Licitação internacional e empresa estrangeira: os cenários brasileiro e europeu
Authors: Moreira Egon Bockmann , Guimarães Bernardo Strobel , Torgal Lino 
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo pretende discutir o regime de participação de empresas estrangeiras nas licitações no Brasil e traçar um comparativo com o panorama equivalente na União Europeia. International bidding and foreign company: the Brazilian and European framework This article aims to discuss the legal framework for foreign companies’ participation in competitive biddings in Brazil. Also, it draws a comparison with the legal system of European Union.
Intervenção direta do Estado na economia: uma análise do caput do art. 173 da Constituição brasileira
Authors: Saddy André 
Published: February 2016

Trata-se de estudo sobre a existência de discricionariedade potencial no enunciado normativo do art. 173, caput, da Constituição brasileira. Demonstrou-se que o dever-poder discricionário está localizado no operador deôntico, já que é uma norma permissiva, e na estatuição, uma vez que existem quatro formas de o Estado (absorsiva integral; absorsiva parcial; participativa associativa; e participativa não associativa) intervir diretamente na economia. Também se analisaram as duas previsões dessa norma (“segurança nacional” e “interesse coletivo”) e os problemas criados pela utilização de tais conceitos jurídicos indeterminados. Por fim, estudou-se as técnicas e etapas que o agente público tem que cumprir para chegar até as estatuições válidas, ou seja, até a discricionariedade efetiva. Direct intervention of the state in the economy: an analysis of the caput of the article 173 of the Brazilian Constitution This is a study about the potential discretionary power existence in the article 173, caput, of the Brazilian Constitution. We have demonstrated that the discretion is located in the deontic operator since the norm brings a permissive standard for the direct intervention of the State in the economy, but also in the consequence of the norm because there are 4 (four) different forms of the State intervene in the economy. We also have analysed the two predictions of this norm (“national security” and “collective interest”) and the problems created by the use of such indeterminate juridical concepts. Finally, we studied the techniques and steps that the public official has to fulfil to reach the valid options, or until the effective discretion.
Prescrição e procedimento dos créditos não tributários
Authors: Heinen Juliano 
Published: February 2016

Os créditos não tributários constituem receitas de capital que não podem ser renunciadas. Contudo, em muitas situações, não existe legislação local ou regional que discipline a matéria, não sendo previsto o procedimento administrativo para apurar a referida receita, nem mesmo prazos de prescrição e/ou de decadência aplicáveis à espécie. Assim, diante dessa conjuntura, necessário seja diagnosticada a forma de se cobrar os valores oriundos dessa relação jurídica, bem como qual o período que pode ser cobrado e que não está afetado pela prescrição e/ou decadência, quando inexistem normas legais específicas. Procedure and limitation period of state’s credit State’s credits are capital receipts that can not be waived. However, in many situations, there is no regional or local legislation that governs the matter not being provided the administrative procedure to determine the aforementioned prescription, even periods of limitation and / or decay applicable to the species. So, faced with this situation, the form must be diagnosed to collect the amounts arising from this legal relationship, and which period can be charged and is not affected by prescription and / or decadence, when there is no specific legal provisions.
(Juris)prudência e sistemas jurídicos: um breve estudo sobre a modéstia judicial na common law e no sistema romano-germânico
Authors: Berman José Guilherme 
Published: February 2016

Por influência do sistema jurídico da common law, os países de tradição jurídica romano-germânica têm experimentado um grande crescimento da importância da jurisprudência como fonte do direito. No Brasil, o fenômeno vem se desenvolvendo de forma acentuada nas últimas décadas, por meio de reformas legislativas e constitucionais que fortaleceram as decisões proferidas por determinados tribunais. No entanto, a criação jurisprudencial do direito traz consigo problemas de legitimidade democrática que não podem ser ignorados. Com base na experiência desenvolvida em países de common law, nos quais os precedentes sempre foram protagonistas no rol de fontes do direito, o artigo apresenta algumas considerações a respeito da postura modesta que juízes devem adotar tanto ao se deparar com a aplicação de precedentes já estabelecidos como ao construir suas próprias decisões. (Juris)prudence and legal systems: a brief study on judicial modesty in common law and Roman-Germanic systems Influenced by the legal tradition of the common law, countries of Roman- Germanic legal systems are experiencing a wide expansion of the relevance of the case law as a source of law. In Brazil, this phenomenon is developing in a fast way in the last decades, due to legislative and constitutional reforms that strengthened the effects of decisions rendered by certain courts. However, judge-made law involves issues of democratic legitimacy that must be taken into consideration. Based on the experience of common law countries, in which precedents have always been the most relevant source of law, this article presents some consideration on the modest posture that judges must adopt when dealing both with previously established precedents and when constructing its own decisions.
A governança não estatal da internet e o direito brasileiro
Authors: Sundfeld Carlos Ari , Rosilho André 
Published: February 2016

Para o direito brasileiro, o sistema internet (registros de nomes do domínio “.br”, distribuição de endereços IP e sua regulação) é um serviço de valor adicionado, não sujeito a regulação pública (Lei nº 9.472, de 1997, art. 61). As organizações que o gerem (CGI.br e NIC.br) têm a participação do Estado brasileiro (Decreto Federal nº 4.829, de 2003), mas não são agentes dele, e sim de um sistema global coordenado pela Icann. Internet non-state governance and the Brazilian law To the Brazilian law, the Internet system (domain name registrations “.br”, distribution of IP addresses and their regulation) is not subject to public regulation (Law 9472 of 1997, art. 61). According to the federal decree 4829, 2003, the Brazilian state is part of the organizations that manage it (CGI. br and NIC.br), but do not control them. The institutions are coordinated by Icann.
Sustentabilidade e planejamento: valores constitucionais reitores das contratações administrativas, no estado democrático de direito
Authors: Pereira Junior Jessé Torres 
Published: February 2016

O texto analisa os conceitos de sustentabilidade e de planejamento como valores constitucionais norteadores das contratações administrativas no estado democrático de direito, a partir da formulação e implantação de políticas dessa natureza na estrutura organizacional do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período compreendido entre 2012-15. Sustainable development and planning: constitutional values leading democratic law state contractual activity This paper produces an analysis about planning and sustainable development conceived as leading constitutional values for the contractual activity in the democratic law state, taking into consideration policies that has been proposed and achieved within the Rio de Janeiro Court of Justice organizational structure, along 2012-15.
Fundações públicas de direito privado: breve ensaio sobre o exercício da função administrativa sob regime de direito privado
Authors: De Matos Federico Nunes 
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo analisa o emprego das fundações públicas de direito privado enquanto instrumentos de descentralização administrativa, tendo como pano de fundo a dicotomia direito público e direito privado e a utilização de figuras jurídicas originárias do regime jurídico de direito privado pela administração pública. O trabalho inicialmente explora a distinção entre direito público e direito privado, assim como as principais concepções teóricas que buscaram estabelecer critério capaz de explicar tal separação. Num segundo momento, o trabalho trata das principais polêmicas existentes em torno do regime jurídico das fundações públicas de direito privado, assim como da sua evolução no direito brasileiro. Public foundations of private law: a brief essay about the exercise of administrative function under private law This article examines the use of public foundations of private law as instruments of administrative decentralization, with the backdrop of the dichotomy public and private law by the public administration and the use of legal forms originating from the legal system of private law by Government. The work, initially, explores the difference between public and private law, as well as the main theoretical concepts that seek to establish criteria capable of explaining such separation. Secondly, the work discusses the main controversies surrounding the legal status of public foundations of private law, as well as its evolution in Brazilian law.
A inconstitucionalidade da instituição de contribuição previdenciária para servidores inativos
Authors: Gabardo Emerson , Valiati Thiago Priess 
Published: February 2016

O artigo analisa a constitucionalidade da política pública de cobrança de contribuição previdenciária dos servidores inativos no Brasil. Inicialmente, são elencados seis argumentos para a sustentação da proposição de inconstitucionalidade: o dever de obediência ao ato jurídico perfeito e ao direito adquirido; a aplicação do princípio da confiança, da boa-fé e da teoria da perda de uma chance; a vedação ao confisco e o caráter alimentar das prestações previdenciárias; a proibição da tributação sem causa e a ausência de contraprestação por parte do Estado; a vedação ao bis in idem; e a prevalência da solidariedade em favor dos vulneráveis e o princípio da proibição do retrocesso social. Finalmente, o trabalho destaca a possibilidade de inconstitucionalidade formal da contribuição dos servidores inativos quando não estão presentes dois requisitos: a necessidade de emenda à Constituição do Estado para a instituição da cobrança; e a obediência ao devido processo legislativo. The unconstitutionality of the social security contribution for retirees in the public service The article analyzes the constitutionality of public policy for social security contribution collection of retirees in Brazil. At first, six arguments to support the unconstitutionality proposition are listed: The duty of obedience to perfect legal acts and vested rights; the application of the principle of trust, good faith, and loss of chance theory; the sealing of confiscation and the feed character of social security benefits; the tax prohibition without cause and the lack of consideration by the State; the sealing to “bis in idem”; and the prevalence of solidarity for the vulnerable and principle of prohibition to social regression. Finally, the paper highlights the possibility of formal unconstitutionality of retiree contribution collection when two requirements are not present: the need of an amendment to the State Constitution for the establishment of retiree contribution collection; and obedience to the due process of law.
Ο χώρος εξελισσόμενο υλικό πεδίο αγωγής σε συνεργατικό εκπαιδευτικό περιβάλλον στο νηπιαγωγείο
Authors: Zisopoulou Eleni 
Published: February 2016

<p>Ο χώρος του σχολείου διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στη μάθηση και στην ανάπτυξη του παιδιού.<strong> </strong>Η συνεργατική διδασκαλία και μάθηση διευκολύνει και ενισχύει την ανάπτυξη αλληλεπιδραστικών σχέσεων μεταξύ των παιδιών και τους παρέχει τις δυνατότητες και τις ευκαιρίες, μέσα από συνεργατικές διαδικασίες, να διαμορφώνουν το χώρο και να τον προσαρμόζουν στις επιθυμίες τους και στις ανάγκες της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας.</p><p>Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν να αναδείξει τη σημασία της ενεργής συμμετοχής των παιδιών στην αναδιαμόρφωση του χώρου, τη μετατροπή του σε εξελισσόμενο υλικό πεδίου αγωγής και τη συμβολή του στη μάθηση και ανάπτυξη των παιδιών.</p><p>Η παρούσα έρευνα ήταν έρευνα δράση και εφαρμόστηκε σε νηπιαγωγεία. Τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν ήταν ιδιαίτερα σημαντικά. Τα παιδιά αναδείχθηκαν σε πρωταγωνιστές στη σχέση τους με το χώρο καθώς τον διαμορφώνανε κατάλληλα για να εξυπηρετεί τις δράσεις τους στη μικρή αλλά και στη μεγάλη ομάδα. Ο χώρος απέκτησε την ιδιότητα της ευελιξίας καθώς μέσα από τη συχνή αναδιοργάνωσή του, που γινόταν με πραγματικές ή συμβολικές αλλαγές, συνδεόταν με τη μάθηση, τις ανάγκες και τις επιθυμίες των παιδιών. Η μετατροπή του χώρου σε εξελισσόμενο υλικό πεδίο αγωγής συνδέθηκε με την αύξηση των θετικών αλληλεπιδράσεων, την εμφάνιση της ευχαρίστησης στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία, την ανάπτυξη στοιχείων δημιουργικότητας και την κατάκτηση των γνωστικών στόχων του προγράμματος.</p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
The TOUCH program and natalizumab: Fundamental flaw in patient protection
Authors: Avasarala Jagannadha 
Published: February 2016

Many drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1993 for treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). One such drug is natalizumab (Tysabri, Biogen Idec and Elan pharmaceuticals) which has enjoyed great success in the management of MS since its re-introduction in 2006. One of the complications of using natalizumab is the risk of development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). To mitigate the risk of PML development, Biogen Idec initiated the TOUCH program – this strategy helps monitor the disease. Clinical vigilance remains key in the early diagnosis of PML but serological testing for the John Cunningham Virus Antibody (JCV) helps with risk stratification of PML. However, some physicians do not test for the JCV Ab and since they are not required to send such data to the company or inform the patient, one red flag for suspicion of PML is lost particularly if the patient is asymptomatic. This undercuts the premise of the TOUCH program. In an ideal world, reporting JCV Ab status should be made mandatory since that ensures a basic tenet of the program is met – to identify patients at increased risk of developing PML and make appropriate recommendations based on that finding. Lack of requirement of reporting of this vital finding opens the door for uncertainty in assessment of risk PML development and everyone remains in the dark till it may be too late. This is unacceptable when the company created the TOUCH program specifically with intent to track PML risk in patients on natalizumab. It makes no scientific sense to let the drug be used without setting stringent criteria given the possibility of PML development.
Possible repurposing of seasonal influenza vaccine for prevention of Zika virus infection
Authors: Veljkovic Veljko , Paessler Slobodan 
Published: February 2016

The in silico analysis shows that the envelope glycoproteins E of Zika viruses (ZIKV) isolated in Asia, Africa and South and Central America encode highly conserved information determining their interacting profile and immunological properties. Previously it was shown that the same information is encoded in the primary structure of the hemagglutinin subunit 1 (HA1) from pdmH1N1 influenza A virus. This similarity suggests possible repurposing of the seasonal influenza vaccine containing pdmH1N1 component for prevention of the ZIKV infection.