bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motion estimation for cardiac functional analysis using two x‐ray computed tomography scans
Authors: Fung George S. K. , Ciuffo Luisa , Ashikaga Hiroshi , Taguchi Katsuyuki 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThis work concerns computed tomography (CT)‐based cardiac functional analysis (CFA) with a reduced radiation dose. As CT‐CFA requires images over the entire heartbeat, the scans are often performed at 10–20% of the tube current settings that are typically used for coronary CT angiography. A large image noise then degrades the accuracy of motion estimation. Moreover, even if the scan was performed during the sinus rhythm, the cardiac motion observed in CT images may not be cyclic with patients with atrial fibrillation. In this study, we propose to use two CT scan data, one for CT angiography at a quiescent phase at a standard dose and the other for CFA over the entire heart beat at a lower dose.MethodsWe have made the following four modifications to an image‐based cardiac motion estimation method we have previously developed for a full‐dose retrospectively gated coronary CT angiography: (a) a full‐dose prospectively gated coronary CT angiography image acquired at the least motion phase was used as the reference image; (b) a three‐dimensional median filter was applied to lower‐dose retrospectively gated cardiac images acquired at 20 phases over one heartbeat in order to reduce image noise; (c) the strength of the temporal regularization term was made adaptive; and (d) a one‐dimensional temporal filter was applied to the estimated motion vector field in order to decrease jaggy motion patterns. We describe the conventional method iME1 and the proposed method iME2 in this article. Five observers assessed the accuracy of the estimated motion vector field of iME2 and iME1 using a 4‐point scale. The observers repeated the assessment with data presented in a new random order 1 week after the first assessment session.ResultsThe study confirmed that the proposed iME2 was robust against the mismatch of noise levels, contrast enhancement levels, and shapes of the chambers. There was a statistically significant difference between iME2 and iME1 (accuracy score, 2.08 ± 0.81 versus 2.77 ± 0.98, P < 0.01) and the improvement by the score of + 0.69 seemed clinically relevant. Inter‐observer concordance was good: The inter‐class correlation coefficient was 0.63 and Kendall's rank correlation coefficients were in the range of 0.41–0.67 (P < 0.01), respectively. Intra‐observer reproducibility between sessions was good with the inter‐class correlation coefficient of 0.76.ConclusionWe have proposed iME2 method for CT‐CFA with two CT scans. The observer study verified the robustness and accuracy of iME2 method and its improved performance over iME1 method.
Development of a Monte Carlo multiple source model for inclusion in a dose calculation auditing tool
Authors: Faught Austin M. , Davidson Scott. E. , Fontenot Jonas , Kry Stephen F. , Etzel Carol , Ibbott Geoffrey S. , Followill David S. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core Houston (IROC‐H) (formerly the Radiological Physics Center) has reported varying levels of agreement in their anthropomorphic phantom audits. There is reason to believe one source of error in this observed disagreement is the accuracy of the dose calculation algorithms and heterogeneity corrections used. To audit this component of the radiotherapy treatment process, an independent dose calculation tool is needed.MethodsMonte Carlo multiple source models for Elekta 6 MV and 10 MV therapeutic x‐ray beams were commissioned based on measurement of central axis depth dose data for a 10 × 10 cm2field size and dose profiles for a 40 × 40 cm2field size. The models were validated against open field measurements consisting of depth dose data and dose profiles for field sizes ranging from 3 × 3 cm2to 30 × 30 cm2. The models were then benchmarked against measurements inIROC‐H's anthropomorphic head and neck and lung phantoms.ResultsValidation results showed 97.9% and 96.8% of depth dose data passed a ±2% Van Dyk criterion for 6 MV and 10 MV models respectively. Dose profile comparisons showed an average agreement using a ±2%/2 mm criterion of 98.0% and 99.0% for 6 MV and 10 MV models respectively. Phantom plan comparisons were evaluated using ±3%/2 mm gamma criterion, and averaged passing rates between Monte Carlo and measurements were 87.4% and 89.9% for 6 MV and 10 MV models respectively.ConclusionsAccurate multiple source models for Elekta 6 MV and 10 MV x‐ray beams have been developed for inclusion in an independent dose calculation tool for use in clinical trial audits.
Registration strategies for multi‐modal whole‐body MRI mosaicing
Authors: Ceranka Jakub , Polfliet Mathias , Lecouvet Frédéric , Michoux Nicolas , de Mey Johan , Vandemeulebroucke Jef 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo test and compare different registration approaches for performing whole‐body diffusion‐weighted (wbDWI) image station mosaicing, and its alignment to corresponding anatomical T1 whole‐body image.MethodsFour different registration strategies aiming at mosaicing of diffusion‐weighted image stations, and their alignment to the corresponding whole‐body anatomical image, were proposed and evaluated. These included two‐step approaches, where diffusion‐weighted stations are first combined in a pairwise (Strategy 1) or groupwise (Strategy 2) manner and later non‐rigidly aligned to the anatomical image; a direct pairwise mapping of DWI stations onto the anatomical image (Strategy 3); and simultaneous mosaicing of DWI and alignment to the anatomical image (Strategy 4). Additionally, different images driving the registration were investigated. Experiments were performed for 20 whole‐body images of patients with bone metastases.ResultsStrategies 1 and 2 showed significant improvement in mosaicing accuracy with respect to the non‐registered images (P < 0.006). Strategy 2 based on ADC images increased the alignment accuracy between DWI stations and the T1 whole‐body image (P = 0.0009).ConclusionsA two‐step registration strategy, relying on groupwise mosaicing of the ADC stations and subsequent registration to T1, provided the best compromise between whole‐body DWI image quality and multi‐modal alignment. Magn Reson Med 79:1684–1695, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
In‐situ Generated and Premade 1‐Copper(I) Alkynes in Cycloadditions
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Wang Xingyong , Wang Xuesong , Zhang Jianlan , Liu Chulong , Hu Yuefei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) was discovered in 2002, which has become the most remarkable example for “click chemistry” to date. In CuAAC reaction, 1‐copper(I) alkyne has been recognized to be a key intermediate. However, many contradictory experimental results for this intermediate were reported in literature. For example, only the in‐situ generated 1‐copper(I) alkyne was used, while the premade 1‐copper(I) alkyne proved to be inefficient under the standard conditions. The kinetic studies indicated that CuAAC reaction had a strict second‐order dependence on Cu(I) and the DFT studies demonstrated that 1‐copper(I) alkyne intermediate should be a dinuclear copper(I) complex. But these results were inconsistent with the structure of the premade 1‐copper(I) alkyne. Although hundreds of structurally different ligands were reported to significantly enhance the efficiency of CuAAC reaction, their functions were assigned to prevent the oxidation and the disproportionation of Cu(I) ion. Based on the investigation of the references and our works, we proposed that the in‐situ generated 1‐copper(I) alkyne in CuAAC reaction is not identical with the premade 1‐copper(I) alkyne. The ligands may play dual roles to activate the 1‐copper(I) alkyne by blocking the polymerization of the in‐situ formed 1‐copper(I) alkynes and dissociating the polymeric structures of the premade 1‐copper(I) alkynes. As a result, we first disclosed that carboxylic acids can function as such activators and a novel carboxylic acid‐catalyzed CuAAC strategy was developed, which has been proven to be the most convenient and highly efficient CuAAC method to date. Furthermore, highly efficient and regioselective methods for the syntheses of 1,4,5‐trisubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles were developed by using the premade 1‐copper(I) alkynes as substrates, in which the novel function of the premade 1‐copper(I) alkynes as excellent dipolarophiles was first disclosed and applied. In this article, a series of works reported by our group for the in‐situ generated and the premade 1‐copper(I) alkynes in cycloadditions are reviewed.
Philosophical aesthetics and cognitive science
Authors: Meskin Aaron , Robson Jon , Ichino Anna , Goffin Kris , Monseré Annelies 
Published: June 2017

Philosophical aesthetics is the branch of philosophy which explores issues having to do with art, beauty, and related phenomena. Philosophers have often been skeptical about the place of empirical investigation in aesthetics. However, in recent years many philosophical aestheticians have turned to cognitive science to enrich their understanding of their subject matter. Cognitive scientists have, in turn, been inspired by work in philosophical aesthetics. This essay focuses on a representative subset of the areas in which there has been fruitful dialog between philosophical aestheticians and cognitive scientists. We start with some general topics in philosophical aesthetics—the definition of art and the epistemic status of aesthetic judgments. We then move on to discussing research concerning the roles that imagination and perception play in our aesthetic engagement. We conclude with a discussion of the emerging field of experimental philosophical aesthetics. WIREs Cogn Sci 2018, 9:e1445. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1445This article is categorized under:

Philosophy > Value
A randomized feasibility pilot trial of hearing treatment for reducing cognitive decline: Results from the Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders Pilot Study
Authors: Deal Jennifer A. , Albert Marilyn S. , Arnold Michelle , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Chisolm Theresa , Davis Sonia , Eddins Ann , Glynn Nancy W. , Goman Adele M. , Minotti Melissa , Mosley Thomas , Rebok George W. , Reed Nicholas , Rodgers Elizabeth , Sanchez Victoria , Sharrett A. Richey , Coresh Josef , Lin Frank R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionHearing loss (HL) is prevalent and independently related to cognitive decline and dementia. There has never been a randomized trial to test if HL treatment could reduce cognitive decline in older adults.MethodsA 40‐person (aged 70–84 years) pilot study in Washington County, MD, was conducted. Participants were randomized 1:1 to a best practices hearing or successful aging intervention and followed for 6 months. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02412254.ResultsThe Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders Pilot (ACHIEVE‐P) Study demonstrated feasibility in recruitment, retention, and implementation of interventions with no treatment‐related adverse events. A clear efficacy signal of the hearing intervention was observed in perceived hearing handicap (mean of 0.11 to −1.29 standard deviation [SD] units; lower scores better) and memory (mean of −0.10 SD to 0.38 SD).DiscussionACHIEVE‐P sets the stage for the full‐scale ACHIEVE trial (N = 850, recruitment beginning November 2017), the first randomized trial to determine efficacy of a best practices hearing (vs. successful aging) intervention on reducing cognitive decline in older adults with HL.
Osteolipoma: a painless mandibular mass
Authors: Arantes Diele Carine Barreto , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Noronha Vladimir Reimar Augusto Souza 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLipoma is the most common benign mesenchymal soft tissue neoplasm in adults. It is rarely seen in the oral cavity and comprises 1–4% of all benign oral lesions. There are different types of lipomatous tumors that contain other predominant mesenchymal elements such as cartilaginous/osseous tissues. Osteolipoma is a rare histopathologic variant of lipoma accounting for less than 1% of all lipomatous cases. Eight cases of this type of lipoma were reported in the mandibular buccal vestibule. The present study aims to report a rare condition: a patient with osteolipoma situated in the mandibular region. In addition, a literature review is presented.
Wall-resolved large eddy simulation for aeroengine aeroacoustic investigation
Authors: Lin Y. , Vadlamani R. , Savill M. , Tucker P. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe work presented here forms part of a larger project on Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of aeroengine aeroacoustic interactions. In this paper, we concentrate on LES of near-field flow over an isolated NACA0012 aerofoil at zero angle-of-attack and a chord based Reynolds number ofRec= 2 × 105. A wall-resolved compressible Numerical Large Eddy Simulation (NLES) approach is employed to resolve streak-like structures in the near-wall flow regions. The calculated unsteady pressure/velocity field will be imported into an analyticallybased scheme for far-field trailing-edge noise prediction later. The boundary-layer mean and root-mean-square (rms) velocity profiles, the surface pressure fluctuation over the aerofoil, and the wake flow development are compared with experimental data and previous computational simulations in our research group. It is found that the results from the wall-resolved compressible NLES are very encouraging as they correlate well with test data. The main features of the wall-resolved compressible NLES, as well as the advantages of such compressible NLES over previous incompressible LES performed in our research group, are also discussed.
A continuity question of Dubins and Savage
Authors: Laraki R. , Sudderth W. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Lester Dubins and Leonard Savage posed the question as to what extent the optimal reward function U of a leavable gambling problem varies continuously in the gambling house Γ, which specifies the stochastic processes available to a player, and the utility function u, which determines the payoff for each process. Here a distance is defined for measurable houses with a Borel state space and a bounded Borel measurable utility. A trivial example shows that the mapping Γ ↦ U is not always continuous for fixed u. However, it is lower semicontinuous in the sense that, if Γn converges to Γ, then lim inf Un ≥ U. The mapping u ↦ U is continuous in the supnorm topology for fixed Γ, but is not always continuous in the topology of uniform convergence on compact sets. Dubins and Savage observed that a failure of continuity occurs when a sequence of superfair casinos converges to a fair casino, and queried whether this is the only source of discontinuity for the special gambling problems called casinos. For the distance used here, an example shows that there can be discontinuity even when all the casinos are subfair.
Percolation and best-choice problem for powers of paths
Authors: Benevides Fabricio Siqueira , Sulkowska Małgorzata 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe vertices of thekth power of a directed path withnvertices are exposed one by one to a selector in some random order. At any time the selector can see the graph induced by the vertices that have already appeared. The selector's aim is to choose online the maximal vertex (i.e. the vertex with no outgoing edges). We give upper and lower bounds for the asymptotic behaviour ofpn,kn1/(k+1), wherepn,kis the probability of success under the optimal algorithm. In order to derive the upper bound, we consider a model in which the selector obtains some extra information about the edges that have already appeared. We give the exact asymptotics of the probability of success under the optimal algorithm in this case. In order to derive the lower bound, we analyse a site percolation process on a sequence of thekth powers of a directed path withnvertices.
On the convergence of the quasi-regression method: polynomial chaos and regularity
Authors: Kim Je Guk 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present an analysis of convergence of a quasi-regression Monte Carlo method proposed by Glasserman and Yu (2004). We show that the method surely converges to the true price of an American option even under multiple underlyings via polynomial chaos expansion and weaker conditions than those used in Glasserman and Yu (2004). Further, we show the number of simulation paths grows exponentially in the number of basis functions to obtain convergence in implementing the method. Finally, we propose a rate of convergence considering regularity of value functions.
Gandhi, Lawyers, and the Courts' Boycott during the Non-Cooperation Movement
Authors: JAFFE JAMES 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article analyses the role of the legal profession and the evolution of aspects of Indian nationalist ideology during the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920–22. Very few legal professionals responded to Gandhi's call to boycott the British courts despite significant efforts to establish alternative institutions dedicated to resolving disputes. First identified by leading legal professionals in the movement as courts of arbitration, these alternative sites of justice quickly assumed the name ‘panchayats’. Ultimately, this panchayat experiment failed due to a combination of apathy, repression, and internal opposition. However, the introduction of the panchayat into the discourse of Indian nationalism ultimately had profound effects, including the much later adoption of constitutionalpanchayati raj. Yet this discourse was then and remains today a contested one. This is largely a legacy of Gandhi himself, who, during the Non-Cooperation Movement, imagined the panchayat as a judicial institution based upon arbitration and mediation. Yet, after the movement's failure, he came to believe the panchayat was best suited to functioning as a unit of village governance and administration.
Rapid improvement in beliefs, mood, and performance following an experimental success experience in an analogue test of recovery-oriented cognitive therapy
Authors: Grant P. M. , Perivoliotis D. , Luther L. , Bredemeier K. , Beck A. T. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundNegative symptoms significantly contribute to disability and lack of community participation for low functioning individuals with schizophrenia. Cognitive therapy has been shown to improve negative symptoms and functional outcome in this population. Elucidation of the mechanisms of the therapy would lead to a better understanding of negative symptoms and the development of more effective interventions to promote recovery. The objective of this study was to determine (1) whether guided success at a card-sorting task will produce improvement in defeatist beliefs, positive beliefs about the self, mood, and card-sorting performance, and (2) whether these changes in beliefs and mood predict improvements in unguided card-sorting.MethodsIndividuals with schizophrenia having prominent negative symptoms and impaired neurocognitive performance (N = 35) were randomized to guided success (n = 19) or a control (n = 16) condition.ResultsControlling for baseline performance, the experimental group performed significantly better, endorsed defeatist beliefs to a lesser degree, reported greater positive self-concept, and reported better mood than the control condition immediately after the experimental session. A composite index of change in defeatist beliefs, self-concept, and mood was significantly correlated with improvements in card-sorting.ConclusionsThis analogue study supports the rationale of cognitive therapy and provides a general therapeutic model in which experiential interventions that produce success have a significant immediate effect on a behavioral task, mediated by changes in beliefs and mood. The rapid improvement is a promising indicator of the responsiveness of this population, often regarded as recalcitrant, to cognitively-targeted behavioral interventions.
The Cult Statues of the Pantheon
Authors: Thomas Edmund 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis article reconsiders the possible statuary of the Pantheon in Rome, both in its original Augustan form and in its later phases. It argues that the so-called ‘Algiers Relief’ has wrongly been connected with the Temple of Mars Ultor and is in fact evidence of the association of the Divus Julius with Mars and Venus in the Pantheon of Agrippa, a juxtaposition which reflects the direction of Augustan ideology in the 20sb.c.and the building's celestial purpose. This triple statue group became the focus of the later Pantheon, and its importance is highlighted by the hierarchized system of architectural ornament of the present building.
Deep inspirational breath hold to reduce cardiac dose in left-sided breast radiotherapy
Authors: Welgemoed Camarie , Rogers Jonathan , McNaught Patti , Cleator Susan , Riddle Pippa , Gujral Dorothy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundDuring left-sided breast radiotherapy, the heart is often exposed to radiation dose. Shielding can be utilised to reduce heart exposure, but compromises the dose delivered to the breast tissue and, in a proportion of patients, to the tumour bed. Deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) can be used as a technique to move the heart away from the treatment area and thus reduce heart dose. This study examines the efficacy of the Elekta Active Breathing Coordinator (ABC), a DIBH method, in reducing heart dose.Materials and methodsIn total, 12 patients receiving radiotherapy to the left breast were planned for treatment with both a free-breathing (FB) and an ABC scan. The dose volume histogram data for the plans was analysed with respect to heart V13, V5 Gy, mean heart dose and ipsilateral lung V18 Gy. Tumour bed D98%, threshold lung volume in breath hold (BH) and the maximum BH time for each patient was also measured. Patients then received their radiotherapy treatment using the ABC plan and the systematic error in the craniocaudal, lateral and vertical axes was assessed using orthogonal imaging.ResultsThe median heart V13 Gy for FB and DIBH patients was 3% (range, 0·85–11·28) and 0% (range, 0–1·56), respectively, with a mean heart dose of 2·62 Gy (range, 1·21–4·93) in FB and 1·51 Gy (range, 1·17–2·22) in ABC. The median lung V18 Gy was 8·7% (3·08–14·87) in FB plans and 9% (4·88–12·82) in ABC plans. The mean systematic set-up errors in all three planes were within the departmental set-up tolerance of 5 mm for both techniques. Median FB tumour bed D98% was 97·4% (92·8–99·5) and 97·5% (97·3–98·5) for ABC.ConclusionABC represents a good method of reducing radiation dose to the heart while not compromising on dose to the tumour bed, and it has a clear advantage over FB radiotherapy in reducing the risk of cardiac toxicity. It is tolerated well by patients and does not produce any difficulties in patient positioning.