bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brane bounce from logarithmic entropic corrections in the bulk
Authors: Addazi Andrea 
Published: October 2017

We calculate new corrections to the braneworld dynamics, lying in a 5D Schwarzschild–de Sitter black hole, generalizing the result of Nojiri, Odintsov and Ogushi (NOO). The NOO entropy effect is based on the logarithmic correction to the bulk entropy firstly calculated by Mukherji and Pal. We calculate higher order contributions to the brane worldsheet. The extra terms obtained lead to interesting implications in brane cosmology. In particular, new entropic terms rapidly disappear in the late Universe while exploding in the very early Universe. In particular, we show that they may trigger a cosmological bounce in the very early Universe. On the other hand, they contribute to the cosmological expansion in the late Universe. We also discuss a scenario in which the BLK anisotropies are washed out, toward a new ekpyrotic brane cosmology.
Preload-corrected dynamic Starling mechanism in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Hieda Michinari , Howden Erin , Shibata Shigeki , Tarumi Takashi , Lawley Justin , Hearon, Christopher , Palmer Dean , Fu Qi , Zhang Rong , Sarma Satyam , Levine Benjamin D. 
Published: October 2017

The beat-to-beat dynamic Starling mechanism (DSM), the dynamic modulation of stroke volume (SV) because of breath-by-breath changes in left-ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), reflects ventricular-arterial coupling. The purpose of this study was to test whether the LVEDP-SV relationship remained impaired in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients after normalization of LVEDP. Right heart catheterization and model-flow analysis of the arterial pressure waveform were performed while preload was manipulated using lower-body negative pressure to alter LVEDP. The DSM was compared at similar levels of LVEDP between HFpEF patients ( n = 10) and age-matched healthy controls ( n = 12) (HFpEF vs. controls: 10.9 ± 3.8 vs. 11.2 ± 1.3 mmHg, P = 1.00). Transfer function analysis between diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAD) representing dynamic changes in LVEDP vs. SV index was applied to obtain gain and coherence of the DSM. The DSM gain was significantly lower in HFpEF patients than in the controls, even at a similar level of LVEDP (0.46 ± 0.19 vs. 0.99 ± 0.39 ml·m−2·mmHg−1, P = 0.0018). Moreover, the power spectral density of PAD, the input variability, was greater in the HFpEF group than the controls (0.75 ± 0.38 vs. 0.28 ± 0.26 mmHg2, P = 0.01). Conversely, the power spectral density of SV index, the output variability, was not different between the groups ( P = 0.97). There was no difference in the coherence, which confirms the reliability of the linear transfer function between the two groups (0.71 ± 0.13 vs. 0.77 ± 0.19, P = 0.87). The DSM gain in HFpEF patients is impaired compared with age-matched controls even at a similar level of LVEDP, which may reflect intrinsic LV diastolic dysfunction and incompetence of ventricular-arterial coupling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The beat-to-beat dynamic Starling mechanism (DSM), the dynamic modulation of stroke volume because of breath-by-breath changes in left-ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), reflects ventricular-arterial coupling. Although the DSM gain is impaired in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients, it is not clear whether this is because of higher LVEDP or left-ventricular diastolic dysfunction. The DSM gain in HFpEF patients is severely impaired, even at a similar level of LVEDP, which may reflect intrinsic left-ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
The biomechanics of the fastest sprinter with a unilateral transtibial amputation
Authors: Beck Owen N. , Grabowski Alena M. 
Published: October 2017

People have debated whether athletes with transtibial amputations should compete with nonamputees in track events despite insufficient information regarding how the use of running-specific prostheses (RSPs) affect athletic performance. Thus, we sought to quantify the spatiotemporal variables, ground reaction forces, and spring-mass mechanics of the fastest athlete with a unilateral transtibial amputation using an RSP to reveal how he adapts his biomechanics to achieve elite running speeds. Accordingly, we measured ground reaction forces during treadmill running trials spanning 2.87 to 11.55 m/s of the current male International Paralympic Committee T44 100- and 200-m world record holder. To achieve faster running speeds, the present study’s athlete increased his affected leg (AL) step lengths ( P < 0.001) through longer contact lengths ( P < 0.001) and his unaffected leg (UL) step lengths ( P < 0.001) through longer contact lengths ( P < 0.001) and greater stance average vertical ground reaction forces ( P < 0.001). At faster running speeds, step time decreased for both legs ( P < 0.001) through shorter ground contact and aerial times ( P < 0.001). Unlike athletes with unilateral transtibial amputations, this athlete maintained constant AL and UL stiffness across running speeds ( P ≥ 0.569). Across speeds, AL step lengths were 8% longer ( P < 0.001) despite 16% lower AL stance average vertical ground reaction forces compared with the UL ( P < 0.001). The present study’s athlete exhibited biomechanics that differed from those of athletes with bilateral and without transtibial amputations. Overall, we present the biomechanics of the fastest athlete with a unilateral transtibial amputation, providing insight into the functional abilities of athletes with transtibial amputations using running-specific prostheses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study’s athlete achieved the fastest treadmill running trial ever attained by an individual with a leg amputation (11.55 m/s). From 2.87 to 11.55 m/s, the present study’s athlete maintained constant affected and unaffected leg stiffness, which is atypical for athletes with unilateral transtibial amputations. Furthermore, the asymmetric vertical ground reaction forces of athletes with unilateral transtibial amputations during running may be the result of leg length discrepancies.
TLR4-Mediated Inflammation Promotes KSHV-Induced Cellular Transformation and Tumorigenesis by Activating the STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Gruffaz Marion , Vasan Karthik , Tan Brandon , Ramos da Silva Suzane , Gao Shou-Jiang 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are conserved immune sensors mediating antimicrobial and antitumoral responses, but recent evidence implicates them in promoting carcinogenesis in certain cancers. Kaposi sarcoma is caused by infection of Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and is characterized by uncontrolled neoangiogenesis and inflammation. Here, we show that TLR4 is upregulated in KSHV-infected spindle tumor cells in human Kaposi sarcoma lesions. In a model of KSHV-induced cellular transformation, KSHV upregulated expression of TLR4, its adaptor MyD88, and coreceptors CD14 and MD2. KSHV induction of TLR4 was mediated by multiple viral miRNAs. Importantly, the TLR4 pathway was activated constitutively in KSHV-transformed cells, resulting in chronic induction of IL6, IL1β, and IL18. Accordingly, IL6 mediated constitutive activation of the STAT3 pathway, an essential event for uncontrolled cellular proliferation and transformation. TLR4 stimulation with lipopolysaccharides or live bacteria enhanced tumorigenesis while TLR4 antagonist CLI095 inhibited it. These results highlight an essential role of the TLR4 pathway and chronic inflammation in KSHV-induced tumorigenesis, which helps explain why HIV-infected patients, who frequently suffer from opportunistic bacterial infections and metabolic complications, frequently develop Kaposi sarcoma. Cancer Res; 77(24); 7094–108. ©2017 AACR.
Combinatorial Treatment with mTOR Inhibitors and Streptozotocin Leads to Synergistic In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Effects in Insulinoma Cells
Authors: Bollard Julien , Patte Céline , Massoma Patrick , Goddard Isabelle , Gadot Nicolas , Benslama Noura , Hervieu Valérie , Ferraro-Peyret Carole , Cordier-Bussat Martine , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Roche Colette , Walter Thomas , Vercherat Cécile 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Streptozotocin-based chemotherapy is the first-line chemotherapy recommended for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs), whereas targeted therapies, including mTOR inhibitors, are available in second-line treatment. Unfortunately, objective response rates to both treatments are limited. Because mTOR pathway activation, commonly observed in pNETs, has been reported as one of the major mechanisms accounting for chemoresistance, we investigated the potential benefit of mTOR inhibition combined with streptozotocin treatment in a subset of pNETs, namely insulinomas. To evaluate the potential of mTOR inhibition in combination with streptozotocin, we selected four different inhibitors acting at various levels of the pathway (everolimus: inhibition of mTORC1; MK-2206: inhibition of AKT; BKM120: inhibition of PI3K, mTORC1, and mTORC2; and BEZ235: inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC2). Effects on cell viability and apoptosis were assessed in insulinoma cell lines INS-1E (rat) and MIN6 (mouse) in vitro and were confirmed in vivo by using a mouse model of hepatic tumor dissemination after intrasplenic xenograft. In vitro, all four combinations display synergistic effects. These combinations lead to heterogeneous mTOR pathway inhibition, in agreement with their respective target, and increased apoptosis. In vivo, tumor growth in the liver was significantly inhibited by combining streptozotocin with everolimus (P = 0.0014), BKM120 (P = 0.0092), or BEZ235 (P = 0.008) as compared to each agent alone. These results suggest that targeting the mTOR pathway in combination with streptozotocin could be of potential benefit for insulinomas and pNET patients and thus support further clinical investigations. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 60–72. ©2017 AACR.
24‐Hour Blood Pressure Variability Assessed by Average Real Variability: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mena Luis J. , Felix Vanessa G. , Melgarejo Jesus D. , Maestre Gladys E. 
Published: October 2017

Background

Although 24‐hour blood pressure (BP) variability (
BPV
) is predictive of cardiovascular outcomes independent of absolute BP levels, it is not regularly assessed in clinical practice. One possible limitation to routine
BPV
assessment is the lack of standardized methods for accurately estimating 24‐hour
BPV
. We conducted a systematic review to assess the predictive power of reported
BPV
indexes to address appropriate quantification of 24‐hour
BPV
, including the average real variability (
ARV
) index.

Methods and Results

Studies chosen for review were those that presented data for 24‐hour
BPV
in adults from meta‐analysis, longitudinal or cross‐sectional design, and examined
BPV
in terms of the following issues: (1) methods used to calculate and evaluate
ARV
; (2) assessment of 24‐hour
BPV
determined using noninvasive ambulatory BP monitoring; (3) multivariate analysis adjusted for covariates, including some measure of BP; (4) association of 24‐hour
BPV
with subclinical organ damage; and (5) the predictive value of 24‐hour
BPV
on target organ damage and rate of cardiovascular events. Of the 19 assessed studies, 17 reported significant associations between high
ARV
and the presence and progression of subclinical organ damage, as well as the incidence of hard end points, such as cardiovascular events. In all these cases,
ARV
remained a significant independent predictor (
P
<0.05) after adjustment for BP and other clinical factors. In addition, increased
ARV
in systolic BP was associated with risk of all cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.27). Only 2 cross‐sectional studies did not find that high
ARV
was a significant risk factor.

Conclusions

Current evidence suggests that
ARV
index adds significant prognostic information to 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring and is a useful approach for studying the clinical value of
BPV
.
The caudal appendix as an important character to identify various species in the genus Stenalpheops (Decapoda, Alpheidae)
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Sha Zhongli 
Published: October 2017

The nominal genera Chelomalpheus Kim, 1998 and Cavipelta Hayashi, 1998 were treated as synonyms of Stenalpheops Miya, 1997 in the paper by Anker et al. (2001). Therefore, the type species of those genera (Chelomalpheus koreanus Kim, 1998 and Cavipelta yamashitai Hayashi, 1998, respectively) were synonymized with S. anacanthus Miya, 1997. Actually, those authors ignored that the morphological characters of the three species mentioned above show differences. For instance, all type specimens of Chelomalpheus koreanus Kim, 1998 are without a caudal appendix; the large male specimens of Cavipelta yamashitai Hayashi, 1998 have an abnormal shaped chela, which corresponds with the middle stage in a growth series of another nominal species, i.e., S. anacanthus. The opportunity to study abundant specimens from the China seas established that the type specimens of S. anacanthus Miya, 1997 are in fact composed of two species, and the same was found for the type specimens of Cavipelta yamashitai Hayashi, 1998; in addition, Chelomalpheus koreanus Kim, 1998 was found to be a valid species and is transferred to Stenalpheops; and S. crangonus (Anker, Jeng & Chan, 2001) is herein synonymized with S. anacanthus Miya, 1997, which name has priority, and this valid species is now re-described herein.
Parental Rights in Relation to Denominational Schooling under the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Temperman Jeroen 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Whereas the bulk of Article 2 Protocol i cases concerns aspects of the public-school framework and curriculum, this article explores Convention rights in the realm of denominational schooling. It is outlined that the jurisprudence of the Strasbourg Court generally strongly supports the rights of parents not to send their child to state-organized schools and hence to establish or avail of private, denominational schooling instead. In this area of private schooling, the Strasbourg Court could build a stronger body of jurisprudence against discriminatory funding policies. The Court is right in seeing no state duty to fund denominational schools, but where intricate funding policies serve to privilege the state or dominant religion and their schools, at the disadvantage of minority religion schools, the Court should come into action.
Romans 8—Interchange Leading to Deification
Authors: Nygaard Mathias 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this article, I argue that the notion of “participation” often used to describe Paul’s soteriology in Romans entails a form of deification. In chapter 8 Paul develops this notion through the use of an interchange dynamic whereby believers are given a share in righteousness, sonship, glory, immortality, power over evil and love. Justification and participation both have their natural goal in being united with God in love (Rom 8:37-39). In a concluding hymn Paul uses a non-propositional description of a love which comes to humans from the outside of creation. This concluding metaphor ties together the other ones in a non-representational image of God as a person. God stretches into creation and makes humans capax dei, able to receive. This image of deification enables Paul to construct a story of interpersonal interactions of love, and results in an irreducible and apophatic anthropology.
Complete detoxification is the most effective treatment of medication-overuse headache: A randomized controlled open-label trial
Authors: Carlsen Louise Ninett , Munksgaard Signe Bruun , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Bendtsen Lars 
Published: October 2017

Background There is lack of evidence on how to detoxify medication-overuse headache. Aim To compare the effect of complete stop of acute medication with restricted intake. Methods Medication-overuse headache patients were included in a prospective, outpatient study and randomized to two months’ detoxification with either a) no analgesics or acute migraine-medication (program A), or b) acute medication restricted to two days/week (program B). Detoxification was followed by preventives if indicated. Patients were followed up at 2, 6 and 12 months. Percentage reduction in headache days/month after 6 months was the primary outcome. Results We included 72 medication-overuse headache patients with a primary migraine and/or tension-type headache diagnosis. Fifty-nine completed detoxification, 58 (81%) were followed up at month 6 and 53 (74%) at month 12. At month 6, program A reduced headache days/month by 46% (95% CI 34–58) compared with 22% (95% CI 11–34) in program-B ( p = 0.005), and 70% in program A versus 42% in program B were reverted to episodic headache ( p = 0.04). Migraine-days/month were reduced by 7.2 in program A ( p < 0.001) and 3.6 in program B ( p = 0.002) after 6 months. Conclusion Both detoxification programs were very effective. Detoxification without analgesics or acute migraine-medication was the most effective program. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02903329).
Comparing Strategies for Health Information Dissemination: Messengers That Can Help or Hinder
Authors: Fishman Jessica , Greenberg Patricia , Bagga Margy Barbieri , Casarett David , Propert Kathleen 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: To test the effects of different messengers on the dissemination of health information. Design: An experimental study exposed participants to 12 news articles pertaining to 1 of 3 health topics framed from the perspective of 4 generic messengers: religious figures, doctors, celebrity patients, or ordinary patients. Participants select as many of the 12 articles as desired. Setting: A cancer clinic within a large, urban hospital serving a sociodemographically diverse patient population. Participants: Eighty-nine patients with a history of cancer. Measures: The primary outcome was the frequency with which each news story was selected. Analysis: Summary statistics and a general estimating equation model. Results: For each health topic, news articles using celebrity messengers were the least likely to be selected; almost half of the participants (36 [41.4%] of 87) rejected all such articles. Articles linked to religious figures were equally unpopular ( P = .59). Articles that used doctors or ordinary patients as the messenger were very likely to be selected: Nearly all women (84 [96.6%] of 87) selected at least one of these. Furthermore, the odds of choosing articles linked to celebrities or religious leaders were statistically significantly lower than the odds of choosing those linked to ordinary patients or doctors ( P < .01). Conclusion: Commonly used generic messengers had large effects on the dissemination of information. Health materials linked to celebrities or religious figures were consistently less likely to be selected than those linked to ordinary patients, or doctors.
The correlation of urinary podocytes and podocalyxin with histological features of lupus nephritis
Authors: Ikuma D , Hiromura K , Kajiyama H , Suwa J , Ikeuchi H , Sakairi T , Kaneko Y , Maeshima A , Kurosawa H , Hirayama Y , Yokota K , Araki Y , Sato K , Asanuma Y F , Akiyama Y , Hara M , Nojima Y , Mimura T 
Published: October 2017

Objectives The objective of this study was to test the correlation of urinary podocyte number (U-Pod) and urinary podocalyxin levels (U-PCX) with histology of lupus nephritis. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional study. Sixty-four patients were enrolled: 40 with lupus nephritis and 24 without lupus nephritis (12 lupus nephritis patients in complete remission and 12 systemic lupus erythematosus patients without lupus nephritis). Urine samples were collected before initiating treatment. U-Pod was determined by counting podocalyxin-positive cells, and U-PCX was measured by sandwich ELISA, normalized to urinary creatinine levels (U-Pod/Cr, U-PCX/Cr). Results Lupus nephritis patients showed significantly higher U-Pod/Cr and U-PCX/Cr compared with patients without lupus nephritis. U-Pod/Cr was high in proliferative lupus nephritis (class III±V/IV±V), especially in pure class IV (4.57 (2.02–16.75)), but low in pure class V (0.30 (0.00–0.71)). U-Pod/Cr showed a positive correlation with activity index ( r=0.50, P=0.0012) and was independently associated with cellular crescent formation. In contrast, U-PCX/Cr was high in both proliferative and membranous lupus nephritis. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed significant correlation of U-Pod/Cr with pure class IV, class IV±V and cellular crescent formation, and the combined values of U-Pod/Cr and U-PCX/Cr were shown to be associated with pure class V. Conclusions U-Pod/Cr and U-PCX/Cr correlate with histological features of lupus nephritis.
Hospitalizations among Danish SLE patients: a prospective study on incidence, causes of admission and risk factors in a population-based cohort
Authors: Busch R W , Kay S D , Voss A 
Published: October 2017

Objective To determine the incidence, duration and cause of hospitalization in a cohort of Danish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In addition, we investigated risk factors for admission and prolonged hospital stay. Methods A total of 155 SLE patients from a population-based cohort were included in the study during a period of 70 months, from January 2007 to October 2012. Data on frequency, cause and duration of hospitalizations were obtained by review of medical charts. Data on disease manifestations, organ damage and treatment were collected prospectively. Results A total of 101 of the 155 SLE patients (65%) had one or more hospitalization during the study period. The incidence rate of all hospitalizations was 0.50 per year. Leading causes of admission were complications to SLE or its treatment, but infections were also common. Mean duration of hospital stay was 6.4 ± 10.5 days, and SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) on admission emerged as a risk factor for prolonged hospital stay. Conclusion Danish SLE patients experience frequent admissions to hospital. Complications to SLE or its treatment, as well as infections, are leading causes of admission. High SLEDAI-2K on admission is a risk factor for prolonged hospital stay.