bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic vulnerability assessment of a railway beam bridge considering brittle failure of the restrainer in a friction pendulum system
Authors: Yuan Quanchuang , Yin Weitao , Deng Kailai , Lu Hao , Pang Lin , Chen Xingchen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe restrainers in the friction pendulum system (FPS) may experience brittle failure during an earthquake. Strong nonlinear behavior should be considered to precisely assess the seismic performance of the railway beam bridge under an earthquake. A seismic vulnerability assessment was performed based on a typical simply supported railway beam bridge. Three different models of the FPS in fixed direction were considered: elastic restrainer model, brittle restrainer model, and nonrestrainer model. Through dynamic analysis, the responses of the railway beam bridge were obtained, including the force and displacement of the FPSs, the curvature ductility at the pier bottom, and transverse dislocation at the beam gap. The analysis results pointed out when the earthquake intensity exceeded the fundamental intensity, the brittle failure of the restrainers was very likely to happen. The sudden release of energy introduced a displacement pulse to the FPS. The elastic restrainer model overestimated the force demand and damage probability of the substructures but underestimated the FPS displacement and dislocation at the beam gap. The nonrestrainer model seriously underestimated the force demand of the substructure and the FPS displacement under strong earthquakes. The brittle restrainer model could reflect the nonuniform failure of the restrainers and provide a more accurate estimate of the transverse dislocation at the beam gap.
Roles of Divinylbenzene Co‐Cross‐Linker in a Threefold Cross‐Linked Polystyrene–Phosphine Hybrid Monolith: Impact of Cross‐linking Degree on Catalytic Performance
Authors: Matsumoto Hikaru , Hoshino Yu , Iwai Tomohiro , Sawamura Masaya , Miura Yoshiko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractContinuous‐flow organic transformations using immobilized catalysts are crucial for green and sustainable chemistry. Cross‐linked polymer ligands offer high stability, ease of recovery through filtration, and thus enhance performance in continuous‐flow reactions via transition‐metal catalysis. Additionally, the cross‐linking structure of the polymer support creates a unique reaction platform that controls the coordination behavior of the supported ligands and stabilizes the metal catalysts. However, insights into the material‐based design for preparing highly active and durable immobilized metal catalysts are still limited. In this report, we propose a straightforward approach to boost both selective mono‐coordination and effective stabilization of metal complexes. We developed threefold cross‐linked polystyrene‐triphenylphosphine hybrid monoliths with cross‐linking structures adjusted by varying the content of divinylbenzene as co‐cross‐linker. The coordination behaviors and metal‐support interactions of these monoliths were evaluated, highlighting the importance of co‐cross‐linker content in site‐isolating phosphine units and stabilizing metal centers via arene‐metal interactions on the polystyrene network. By optimizing the cross‐linking structure, the monolith catalysts demonstrated exceptionally high catalytic activity and durability in Pd‐catalyzed C−Cl transformations, such as Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐couplings and Buchwald‐Hartwig aminations in continuous flow. This underscores the utility of our monolith system in challenging transition‐metal catalysis.
Geographical disparities in fibromyalgia severity: An Italian study
Authors: Di Carlo Marco , Farah Sonia , Atzeni Fabiola , Alciati Alessandra , Di Franco Manuela , Iannuccelli Cristina , Bazzichi Laura , Bianchi Gerolamo , Giovale Massimo , Tirri Rosella , Guiducci Serena , Guggino Giuliana , Franceschini Franco , Foti Rosario , Lo Gullo Alberto , Biasi Giovanni , Gremese Elisa , Dagna Lorenzo , Tirri Enrico , Giacomelli Roberto , Batticiotto Alberto , Cutolo Maurizio , Sarzi‐Puttini Piercarlo , Salaffi Fausto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundGeographic origin may represent a variable capable of influencing health status. This study aims to investigate the presence of differences of disease severity in Italian patients with fibromyalgia from different macro‐regions.MethodsThis retrospective, cross‐sectional study involved patients included in the Italian Fibromyalgia Registry. Three geographical macro‐regions were identified, comprising patients from Northern Italy, Central Italy and Southern Italy. Clinical differences (evaluated through PolySymptomatic Distress Scale [PSD], revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire [FIQR] and modified Fibromyalgia Assessment Status [FASmod]) among the geographical macro‐regions were studied using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Scheffé's test.ResultsA total of 6095 patients (5719 females and 376 males) were included, with 1957 from Northern Italy, 2979 from Central Italy and 1159 from Southern Italy. All studied clinical indices showed a trend indicative of greater disease severity in Southern Italy, followed by Northern Italy and then Central Italy (mean values for PSD: 19.97 ± 6.20 in Northern Italy, 18.61 ± 7.12 in Central Italy, 23.01 ± 5.66 in Souther Italy). These differences were statistically significant for the overall scores of all studied indices, evaluated with ANOVA (all p < 0.001) and in the head to head comparisons, evaluted with Scheffé's test.ConclusionsGeographic background is significantly associated with variations in the severity of fibromyalgia in Italian patients.Significance StatementThis is the first study to demonstrate geographical origin‐dependent intra‐national differences in the severity of fibromyalgia. The results confirm the necessity of considering fibromyalgia within the context of the biopsychosocial model and of implementing healthcare policies targeted towards the most underserved regions.
Bias correction of daily precipitation from climate models, using the Q‐GAM method
Authors: Lazoglou Georgia , Economou Theo , Anagnostopoulou Christina , Tzyrkalli Anna , Zittis George , Lelieveld Jos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimate models are useful tools for analyzing historical and projecting future climate conditions. However, the model results tend to differ systematically from observations, particularly for parameters with complex spatial and temporal distributions such as precipitation. A combination of quantile mapping and generalized additive models (GAMs) is presented and proposed as a new method (Q‐GAM) for the bias correction of daily precipitation. Q‐GAM is demonstrated by using data from five European stations with different climate characteristics. For each station, the closest continental grid point of a EURO‐CORDEX climate model was selected for bias correction. A bootstrapping experiment is presented with over 1000 repetitions of randomly splitting the historical period 1981 to 2005 into a calibration and evaluation period. The results for all stations reveal that Q‐GAM is a straightforward, accurate and computationally efficient method for the bias correction of precipitation. In particular, the method improves the frequency of dry days and the total annual rainfall amount. This outcome is robust across stations with varying climate characteristics and also to the choice of calibration and evaluation periods. Similar results are also obtained for other precipitation characteristics such as the 0.9 and 0.95 quantiles.
Factors influencing community engagement approaches used in Aedes aegypti management in Cairns, Australia
Authors: Allen Tammy , Crouch Alan , Russell Tanya L. , Topp Stephanie M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedAn important part of preventing and managing Aedes‐borne mosquito disease outbreak risk is engaging the community. Research shows that high‐income countries tend to use top‐down measures for Aedes mosquito management, favouring educational approaches to engage the community over participatory approaches that actively involve and empower the community in addressing disease risk. Little is known about the reasons behind the use of these approaches and how they could be strengthened. This research explores the community engagement approaches used in Aedes mosquito management in Cairns, Queensland, Australia and the factors influencing the choice of these approaches.MethodsA case study design was used, drawing on two qualitative methods—key informant, semi‐structured interviews (n = 25), and a document review (n = 20). Thematic analysis was used to identify, analyse and attribute meaning from the data.ResultsVarious approaches were used to engage the community, including direct interaction through door‐to‐door inspections, broad outreach via mass media campaigns, and community participation in a novel mosquito replacement strategy. Factors influencing the choice of these approaches included government legislative responsibilities, research‐related ethical obligations, work norms within local government and public health units, the perceived importance of gaining community trust, constraints on workforce capacity, time and funding.ConclusionsThere were multiple factors influencing the community engagement approaches used in this study. Resource constraints, institutional norms and prevailing attitudes and beliefs were identified as hindering the use of more empowering approaches to engaging the community. These barriers should be considered and addressed in the planning of Aedes mosquito management to better support community engagement in this setting.So What?Community engagement is an important aspect of managing the Aedes mosquito disease threat. With the global increase in Aedes mosquito‐borne disease risk, these findings can help other at‐risk settings understand potential organisational impediments to engaging the community. This is particularly important when advocating for the inclusion of bottom‐up approaches in policy, and to ensure sufficient resources are allocated to strengthen community engagement in Aedes mosquito management.
Multifunctional all‐nanofiber cloth integrating personal health monitoring and thermal regulation capabilities
Authors: Wang Peng , Sun Guifen , Hua Shuaichuang , Yu Wei , Meng Chuizhou , Han Qing , Kim Jeonghyun , Guo Shijie , Shen Guozhen , Li Yang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFrequent heat waves and cold spells pose threats to human survival. Herein, we develop a multifunctional all‐nanofiber cloth with physiological signal monitoring and personal thermal management capabilities through facile fiber electrospinning and ink printing techniques. The double‐sided fabric mat of a thick carbon nanotube network with high solar absorption on top of a thermoplastic polyurethane nanofiber substrate with high solar reflectivity and mid‐infrared emissivity offers a contrary thermal management effect of heating or cooling by opposite wearing mode. The integrated fabric strain and temperature sensors for health status evaluation through monitoring physiological signals of respiration and body temperature. By wearing a T‐shirt tailored by the developed electronic cloth, the wearer's skin temperature can be actively regulated with cooling by 5.4°C and warming by 3.0°C in hot and cold environments compared to normal clothing, respectively. This platform can inspire further studies in wearable multifunctional permeable electronics.image
Exploring the potential of the convergence between extracellular vesicles and CAR technology as a novel immunotherapy approach
Authors: Bar Ofir , Porgador Angel , Cooks Tomer 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCancer therapy is a dynamically evolving field, witnessing the emergence of innovative approaches that offer a promising outlook for patients grappling with persistent disease. Within the realm of therapeutic exploration, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells as well as CAR NK cells, have surfaced as novel approaches, each possessing unique attributes and transformative potential. Immune cells engineered to express CARs recognizing tumour‐specific antigens, have shown remarkable promise in treating terminal cancers by combining the precision of antibody specificity with the potent cytotoxic function of T cells. However, their application in solid tumours is still in its nascent stages, presenting unique major challenges. On the same note, CAR NK cells offer a distinct immunotherapeutic approach, utilizing CARs on NK cells, providing advantages in safety, manufacturing simplicity, and a broader scope for cancer treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents due to their ability to carry crucial biomarkers and biologically active molecules, serving as vital messengers in the intercellular communication network. In the context of cancer, the therapeutic potential of EVs lies in delivering tumour‐suppressing proteins, nucleic acid components, or targeting drugs with precision, thereby redefining the paradigm of precision medicine. The fusion of CAR technology with the capabilities of EVs has given rise to a new therapeutic frontier. CAR T EVs and CAR NK EVs, leveraging the power of EVs, have the potential to alleviate challenges associated with live‐cell therapies. EVs are suggested to reduce the side effects linked to CAR T cell therapy and hold the potential to revolutionize the penetrance in solid tumours. EVs act as carriers of pro‐apoptotic molecules and RNA components, enhancing immune responses and thereby expanding their therapeutic potential. In this review article, we navigate dynamic landscapes, with our objective being to evaluate comparative efficacy, safety profiles, manufacturing complexities, and clinical applicability.
Extrusion pre‐treatment of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) lignocellulosic sidestream to produce cellulose fibres
Authors: Masanabo Mondli Abednicko , Keränen Janne Tapani , Ray Suprakas Sinha , Emmambux M Naushad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDVarious agricultural sidestreams have been demonstrated as feedstock to produce cellulose. To the best of our knowledge, there is no research work on the potential of agricultural sidestream from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), a neglected and underutilised crop to produce cellulose fibres. Conventional methods to produce cellulose consume large amounts of chemicals (NaOH) and produce a high amount of effluent waste. Herein, we investigated extrusion pre‐treatment without and with an alkali followed by bleaching as an alternative method to conventional alkaline pre‐treatment followed by bleaching to produce cellulose fibres from cowpea sidestream.RESULTSCellulose extracted by extrusion without and with mild alkali followed by bleaching consumed about 20 times less NaOH compared to the conventional method and produced less effluent waste. Extrusion with mild alkali followed by bleaching resulted in higher cellulose yield, purity, and crystallinity compared to extrusion without an alkali followed by bleaching. However, the conventional method resulted in higher cellulose yield, purity and crystallinity compared to extrusion pre‐treatment followed by bleaching. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that micro‐sized cellulose fibres with an average diameter of 10–15 μm were extracted using both methods. Notably, cellulose fibres extracted using extrusion pre‐treatment were shorter than those extracted using the conventional method.CONCLUSIONExtrusion pre‐treatment is a promising continuous alternative to alkaline pre‐treatment to produce micro‐sized cellulose fibres from low‐value, underutilised cowpea lignocellulosic sidestream, for potential use as a filler in composite plastics. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Environmental Locus of Control in Island Travelers and Pro‐Environmental Behavior
Authors: Kim Jinkyung Jenny , Kang Heerae , Tan Hongjuan , Hwang Jinsoo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe present research aims to enhance the understanding of island travelers and their behavior through the lens of the environmental locus of control. This study incorporates the important factors of cognitive and affective stages that influence pro‐environmental behavior depending on the level of internal and external environmental locus of control. The research findings provide evidence about the level of environmental locus of control in regards to island travelers and the formation process of pro‐environmental behavior based on the cognition‐affection‐conation model. Last, this research shows how the internal and external environmental locus of control moderate the relationships among the core constructs that contribute in order to develop environmentally friendly behavior. The findings offer several academic and practical implications for sustainable island tourism.
Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Carcinoma In Situ of the Larynx
Authors: I Ghanem Ahmed , Gilbert Marissa , Lin Chun‐Hui , Keller Christian E , Gardner Glendon M , Mayerhoff Ross , Siddiqui Farzan 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo compare survival endpoints in patients with laryngeal carcinoma in situ (L‐CIS) who received definitive radiotherapy (RT) versus other modalities as first‐line treatment and after disease recurrence.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of patients with L‐CIS treated between June 2001 and December 2021. Survival outcomes (recurrence‐free (RFS), invasion‐free (IFS), laryngectomy‐free (LFS), and overall survival (OS)) were compared between patients who had first‐line RT versus non‐RT modalities and for patients with recurrent disease who underwent second‐line RT.ResultsA total of 85 patients with L‐CIS were included (73 men [85.9%] and 12 [14.1%] women, median age of 65 [IQR: 55–74] years). Of these, 42 had first‐line RT (49.4%) and 43 (50.6%) had non‐RT treatment. After median follow‐up of 4.8 (IQR: 2.8–9) years, patients in the first‐line RT group had improved 2‐year (94.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 86.7–100] versus 41.7% [CI: 29.3–59.5]) and 5‐year (90.6% [CI: 80.9–100] versus 27.5% [CI: 16.4–48.2]) RFS relative to non‐RT recipients (p < 0.001). OS and IFS were similar between groups. However, patients in the RT group had worse 2‐year (94% [CI: 87–100] versus 98% [CI: 93–100]) and 5‐year (82% [CI: 68–99] versus 98% [CI: 93–100]; p = 0.013) LFS. All 35 patients with recurrent L‐CIS were successfully cured with second‐line treatments (12 received RT [34.3%]), and no differences in any survival endpoints were seen in these patients based on first‐line and second‐line treatments.ConclusionAlthough first‐line RT for L‐CIS led to improved recurrence‐free survival compared with other modalities, second‐line RT may be a particularly valuable option for recurrent CIS.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 135:779–786, 2025
Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Patients With the m.1555A>G Mutation in the MTRNR1 Gene
Authors: Gallo‐Terán Jaime , Salomón‐Felechosa Cristina , González‐Aguado Rocío , Onecha Esther , Fontalba Ana , del Castillo Ignacio , Morales‐Angulo Carmelo 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveMutations in the MTRNR1 gene of mitochondrial DNA are associated with non‐syndromic hearing loss and increased susceptibility to aminoglycoside ototoxicity. The aim of our study was to determine the clinical characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss caused by the m.1555A>G mutation in MTRNR1.MethodsAn observational retrospective study of the m.1555A>G mutation was conducted in patients with suspected hereditary bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in the Department of Otolaryngology of the Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (Cantabria, Spain) and in 100 controls with normal hearing.ResultsThe m.1555A>G mutation was found in 82 individuals from 20 different families and in none of the controls. Variable degrees of hearing loss were observed, ranging from normal hearing to profound deafness. Patients with a history of streptomycin administration exhibited significantly more pronounced hearing loss. The onset of hearing loss occurred from childhood to adulthood, with progression or stability over the years. No associated vestibular alterations or other clinical manifestations outside the ear were found. Two cochlear implant recipients showed significant improvement in speech comprehension.ConclusionsPatients with the m.1555A>G mutation in the MTRNR1 gene often develop bilateral, symmetric sensorineural hearing loss, predominantly affecting high frequencies, worsened by streptomycin administration. This mutation does not affect the vestibular function. The variability in the severity of hearing loss, the heterogeneity of phenotypic expression, and the presence of carrier individuals with normal hearing may indicate the existence of modifying factors, both environmental and genetic. Cochlear implantees showed a good response in terms of speech intelligibility. Genetic testing for this mutation is recommended in patients with a family history of hearing loss to prevent the use of aminoglycosides if the mutation is found.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 135:901–907, 2025
The roles of patient‐derived xenograft models and artificial intelligence toward precision medicine
Authors: Janitri Venkatachalababu , ArulJothi Kandasamy Nagarajan , Ravi Mythili Vijay Murali , Singh Sachin Kumar , Prasher Parteek , Gupta Gaurav , Dua Kamal , Hanumanthappa Rakshith , Kaliappan Karthikeyan , Anand Krishnan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPatient‐derived xenografts (PDX) involve transplanting patient cells or tissues into immunodeficient mice, offering superior disease models compared with cell line xenografts and genetically engineered mice. In contrast to traditional cell‐line xenografts and genetically engineered mice, PDX models harbor the molecular and biologic features from the original patient tumor and are generationally stable. This high fidelity makes PDX models particularly suitable for preclinical and coclinical drug testing, therefore better predicting therapeutic efficacy. Although PDX models are becoming more useful, the several factors influencing their reliability and predictive power are not well understood. Several existing studies have looked into the possibility that PDX models could be important in enhancing our knowledge with regard to tumor genetics, biomarker discovery, and personalized medicine; however, a number of problems still need to be addressed, such as the high cost and time‐consuming processes involved, together with the variability in tumor take rates. This review addresses these gaps by detailing the methodologies to generate PDX models, their application in cancer research, and their advantages over other models. Further, it elaborates on how artificial intelligence and machine learning were incorporated into PDX studies to fast‐track therapeutic evaluation. This review is an overview of the progress that has been done so far in using PDX models for cancer research and shows their potential to be further improved in improving our understanding of oncogenesis.