bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of graphitic nano‐filler and poly(lactic acid) in fused deposition modeling
Authors: Yu Wang Wang , Zhang Jie , Wu Jin Rong , Wang Xin Zhou , Deng Yu He 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis article presents research results showing that the property of fused deposition modeling (FDM) products is obtained jointly by careful control of processing parameters, structure of products, and the composition of material. In this manuscript, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was incorporated with graphene or carbon nanotube (CNT) through repeated melt blending. Filament of the PLA/graphitic nano‐filler was prepared and used in FDM. Rheological and thermal analysis were conducted to assess the suitability of the composite as FDM feedstock, and mechanical and electrical property were tested subsequently. Research results demonstrate that filament diameter‐regarded as processing‐related parameter‐was positively correlated with mechanical stiffness and strength of FDM products. Tensile elongation at break of FDM products exhibited significant increase at a raster angle of 45° compared with the filament before FDM, showing in certain cases, material property depends more on the structure than the composition. And when incorporated with graphene or CNT, the electrical conductivity of the PLA‐based composite increased drastically. The electrical conductivity of the best experiment sample reached ∼10−1 S m−1, demonstrating that composition is the key to functionalizing material. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44703.
Dielectric cure determination of a thermosetting epoxy composite prepreg
Authors: Park Heejin 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTEvaluation of degree of cure (DoC) of a glass reinforced epoxy composite prepreg used for manufacturing of printed circuit board (PCB) is an intensive issue because of its practical importance and cost reduction in industry. Typical techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are destructive and require curing a material during a chosen time, quenching the sample to stop cure before performing analysis. Thus, it is necessary to remove the temperature influence on the determination of DoC. In this study, the feasibility of nondestructive dielectric sensing method as an in situ DoC measuring technique through cure monitoring of prepreg is presented, where a vacuum packing configuration has been established so as for the prepreg to evaluate accurately the DoC in a quenched state at an ambient temperature. The optimal curing condition to get the fully cured state of a prepreg material is determined by the dielectric cure monitoring based on the behavior of ion viscosity. The temperature effect compensated DoC of prepreg is correlated and compared with that evaluated by DSC and FTIR. The correlated DoC with ion viscosity has identified the curing behavior of prepreg by determining cure kinetic parameters. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44707.
Three‐dimensional electrospun micropatterned cellulose acetate nanofiber surfaces with tunable wettability
Authors: Kakunuri Manohar , Wanasekara Nandula D. , Sharma Chandra S. , Khandelwal Mudrika , Eichhorn Stephen J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional polymer nanofibrous mats with tunable wettability have been fabricated using a single step non‐conductive template assisted electrospinning process. Cellulose acetate nanofibers are electrospun over a nylon mesh, which acts as the template. The as‐deposited fiber mat is removed from this template to produce a free standing three‐dimensional micropatterned nanofibrous mat. By simply varying the template mesh dimensions, the fraction of the air‐liquid interface can be changed which allows control of the wetting mechanics. It is shown that the water contact angle can be varied from about 30° for a planar network to about 140° for a patterned mat implying a complete transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic behavior. Furthermore, upon stretching the fiber mat loses its pattern irreversibly and reducing the contact angle from 140° to 110° with increasing stretching. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44709.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) hollow‐fiber membranes containing silver/graphene oxide dope with excellent filtration performance
Authors: Fan Yaofang , Quan Xie , Zhao Huimin , Chen Shuo , Yu Hongtao , Zhang Yaobin , Zhang Qi 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, an antifouling poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hollow‐fiber membrane was fabricated by blending with silver‐loaded graphene oxide via phase inversion through a dry‐jet, wet‐spinning technique. The presence of graphene oxide endowed the blended membrane with a high antifouling ability for organic fouling. The permeation fluxes of the blended membrane was 3.3 and 2.9 times higher than those of a pristine PVDF membrane for filtering feed water containing protein and normal organic matter, respectively. On the other hand, the presence of silver improved the antibiofouling capability of the blended membrane. For the treatment of Escherichia coli suspension, the permeation flux of the blended membranes was 8.2 times as high as that of the pristine PVDF membrane. Additionally, the presented blended membrane improved the hydrophilicity and mechanical strength compared to those of the pristine PVDF membrane, with the water contact angle decreasing from 86.1 to 62.5° and the tensile strength increasing from 1.94 to 2.13 MPa. This study opens an avenue for the fabrication of membranes with high permeabilities and antifouling abilities through the blending of graphene‐based materials for water treatment. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44713.
Synthesis and characterization of new oligomeric/polymeric antistatic additives for sheet molding composites
Authors: Schubert Katrin , Gedan‐Smolka Michaela 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFor various applications it is necessary to lower the specific surface resistivity of polymers in an electrostatically conductive area. To improve the antistatic properties of sheet molding composites (SMC) usually conductive inorganic additives, like carbon black, inorganic salts, metal powder, or CNTs, are mixed physically into the matrix. A newly developed concept for antistatic treatment is using oligomeric/polymeric additives, which are synthesized on the base of ingredients of the used polymeric matrix itself. The received additives are compatible with the matrix. Furthermore, the migration of the additives to the surface is prevented and in the case they exhibit double bonds they are able to be linked in the polymeric network permanently by covalent bonds. So unsaturated, polymer‐based antistatic additives with ionic units were developed for unsaturated polyester resin based SMC. The synthesis was realized by polymer analogous reactions and polycondensation reactions from monomer building blocks with ionic units. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44741.
A step‐wise approach to define binding mechanisms of surrogate viral particles to multi‐modal anion exchange resin in a single solute system
Authors: Brown Matthew R. , Johnson Sarah A. , Brorson Kurt A. , Lute Scott C. , Roush David J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTMulti‐modal anion exchange resins combine properties of both anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography for commercial protein polishing and may provide some viral clearance as well. From a regulatory viral clearance claim standpoint, it is unclear if multi‐modal resins are truly orthogonal to either single‐mode anion exchange or hydrophobic interaction columns. To answer this, a strategy of solute surface assays and High Throughput Screening of resin in concert with a scale‐down model of large scale chromatography purification was employed to determine the predominant binding mechanisms of a panel of bacteriophage (i.e., PR772, PP7, and ϕX174) to multi‐modal and single mode resins under various buffer conditions. The buffer conditions were restricted to buffer environments suggested by the manufacturer for the multi‐modal resin. Each phage was examined for estimated net charge expression and relative hydrophobicity using chromatographic based methods. Overall, PP7 and PR772 bound to the multimodal resin via both anionic and hydrophobic moieties, while ϕX174 bound predominantly by the anionic moiety. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1487–1494. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of two biodegradable‐polymer‐based sirolimus‐eluting stents with varying elution and absorption kinetics in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A subgroup analysis of the PANDA III trial
Authors: Guan Changdong , Xu Bo , Qiao Shubin , Qin Lei , Li Yi , Li Zhanquan , Guo Yong , Sun Zhongwei , Song Lei , Gao Runlin ,   on behalf of the PANDA III Investigators
Published: January 2017

BackgroundImplantation of early‐generation metallic drug‐eluting stents (DES) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with poor vessel wall healing. Use of biodegradable polymer (BP) DES might improve safety outcomes; however, the impact of varying drug elution and polymer absorption kinetics of BP‐DES on clinical outcomes in the AMI population is unknown.MethodsThis subgroup analysis of the randomized PANDA III trial included 732 patients (366 in each group) presenting with recent (<1 month) AMI. Primary endpoint was 1‐year target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (MI), or ischemia‐driven target lesion revascularization. Secondary endpoints included a patient‐oriented composite endpoint (PoCE) of all‐cause death, all MI, or any revascularization; individual TLF and PoCE components; and definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST).ResultsThere were no significant differences between‐groups in baseline clinical, angiographic, or procedural characteristics other than the proportion of post‐dilatation, which was performed more frequently with the BuMA stent (53.9% vs. 44.5%; P = 0.004). After 1 year, compared to Excel SES implantation in patients with AMI, BuMA was associated with similar incidences of TLF and PoCE (5.5% vs. 8.3%, P = 0.14; 8.8% vs. 9.9%, P = 0.61, respectively) but lower incidences of MI (2.5% vs. 6.1%, P = 0.02), target vessel MI (2.2% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.01), and definite/probable ST (0.3% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.04).ConclusionsBuMA SES, with faster drug elution rate and polymer absorption kinetics, might improve safety outcomes compared to Excel SES in the high‐risk AMI population. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzymatic biodiesel production from microalgae biomass using propane as pressurized fluid
Authors: Marcon Naiane Sabedot , Colet Rosicler , Balen Darline Simoni , Pereira de Pereira Claudio Martin , Bibilio Denise , Priamo Wagner , Bender João Paulo , Steffens Clarice , Rosa Clarissa Dalla 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe search for renewable and sustainable fuels is becoming increasingly more important. As a result, the use of biomass as an energy source is one of the most promising methods in the reduction of energy dependence on non‐renewable fossil fuels. In order to reduce the amount of solvent used during direct transesterification, this study has aimed at producing biodiesel from microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) biomass using enzymatic catalysis (Novozym 435) and pressurized fluid (propane). The effects of pressure (3000 to 8000 kPa), temperature (323.15 to 353.15 K), and exposure time (1 to 8 h) have been studied through the experimental design for esters conversion. The newly investigated system showed consistency through the experimental design technique, evaluating the effect of significant variables such as time, temperature, and pressure in the process. The good conversions yielded have been achieved using mild temperature and higher pressure conditions, demonstrating that this process has great potential for obtaining biodiesel from microalgae biomass.
Comparison of methods and TAT assessment: Volumetric AQUIOS CL and bead‐based FACS CANTO II cytometers
Authors: Grossi Valentina , Infantino Maria , Meacci Francesca , Bellio Emanuele , Bellio Valerio , Ciotta Giovanna , Priami Fiorella , Sarzi‐Puttini Piercarlo , Atzeni Fabiola , Li Gobbi Francesca , Damiani Arianna , Benucci Maurizio , Manfredi Mariangela 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundMeasurement of lymphocyte subpopulations is a crucial parameter in the diagnosis and monitoring of therapy in a wide variety of clinical conditions. We compared different flow cytometry‐based methods to determine lymphocyte subsets counts of routine samples by volumetric AQUIOS CL (Beckman Coulter) and bead‐based FACS CANTO II (BD Biosciences) cytometers. We evaluated the possible decrease of the labor intensive technical work using the fully automated AQUIOS CL system in the pre and post analytical steps in comparison with our routine flow cytometer FACS CANTO II, toward the reduction of laboratory analytical turnaround time (TAT).MethodsThe analytical performance of AQUIOS CL flow cytometer compared with FACS CANTO II was evaluated testing 224 routine samples, attending the Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, (Florence, Italy) between September and October 2015.ResultsBland–Altman plot of the differences between the two methods showed an excellent agreement for absolute and percentage counts. Furthermore, the study showed that automated AQUIOS CL system is simple to be used during all analytical steps with a reduction of TAT.ConclusionIn routine conditions, AQUIOS CL flow cytometer could be a suitable tool for subpopulations subset analysis. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Frogs model man: In vivo thyroid hormone signaling during development
Authors: Sachs Laurent M. , Buchholz Daniel R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThyroid hormone (TH) signaling comprises TH transport across cell membranes, metabolism by deiodinases, and molecular mechanisms of gene regulation. Proper TH signaling is essential for normal perinatal development, most notably for neurogenesis and fetal growth. Knowledge of perinatal TH endocrinology needs improvement to provide better treatments for premature infants and endocrine diseases during gestation and to counteract effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Studies in amphibians have provided major insights to understand in vivo mechanisms of TH signaling. The frog model boasts dramatic TH‐dependent changes directly observable in free‐living tadpoles with precise and easy experimental control of the TH response at developmental stages comparable to fetal stages in mammals. The hormones, their receptors, molecular mechanisms, and developmental roles of TH signaling are conserved to a high degree in humans and amphibians, such that with respect to developmental TH signaling “frogs are just little people that hop.” The frog model is exceptionally illustrative of fundamental molecular mechanisms of in vivo TH action involving TH receptors, transcriptional cofactors, and chromatin remodeling. This review highlights the current need, recent successes, and future prospects using amphibians as a model to elucidate molecular mechanisms and functional roles of TH signaling during post‐embryonic development.
Nkx2.5 regulates endothelin converting enzyme‐1 during pharyngeal arch patterning
Authors: Iklé Jennifer M. , Tavares Andre L. P. , King Marisol , Ding Hailei , Colombo Sophie , Firulli Beth A. , Firulli Anthony B. , Targoff Kimara L. , Yelon Deborah , Clouthier David E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn gnathostomes, dorsoventral (D‐V) patterning of neural crest cells (NCC) within the pharyngeal arches is crucial for the development of hinged jaws. One of the key signals that mediate this process is Endothelin‐1 (EDN1). Loss of EDN1 binding to the Endothelin‐A receptor (EDNRA) results in loss of EDNRA signaling and subsequent facial birth defects in humans, mice and zebrafish. A rate‐limiting step in this crucial signaling pathway is the conversion of immature EDN1 into a mature active form by Endothelin converting enzyme‐1 (ECE1). However, surprisingly little is known about how Ece1 transcription is induced or regulated. We show here that Nkx2.5 is required for proper craniofacial development in zebrafish and acts in part by upregulating ece1 expression. Disruption of nkx2.5 in zebrafish embryos results in defects in both ventral and dorsal pharyngeal arch‐derived elements, with changes in ventral arch gene expression consistent with a disruption in Ednra signaling. ece1 mRNA rescues the nkx2.5 morphant phenotype, indicating that Nkx2.5 functions through modulating Ece1 expression or function. These studies illustrate a new function for Nkx2.5 in embryonic development and provide new avenues with which to pursue potential mechanisms underlying human facial disorders.
New evidence of sea‐level lowstands and paleoenvironment during MIS 6 and 4 in the Cantabrian coastal karst: the Cobiheru cave (North Iberia)
Authors: Ballesteros Daniel , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Laura , González‐Lemos Saúl , Giralt Santiago , Álvarez‐Lao Diego Jaime , Adrados Luna , Jiménez‐Sánchez Montserrat 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe geomorphological evolution of the Cobiheru Cave shows the influence of the non‐carbonate coastal mountain ranges on coastal karst evolution, as well as the temporal distribution of the cold‐adapted fauna sites in the Cantabrian Coast. Geomorphological observation and uranium/thorium (U/Th) dating lead to the construction of an evolution model. The model comprises two episodes of cave deposition occurring at c. 60–70 and 130–150 ka, linked to cold climate conditions, global sea‐level lowstands and the erosion of alluvial fans that covered the karst. Moreover, the comparison between the Cobiheru record and some raised beaches identified in previous studies sets the beginning of the sea‐level lowering in the Cantabrian Sea during the marine isotope stages (MIS) 5–4 transition. Two palaeoenvironments are inferred based on finding Equus ferus and Elona quimperiana. A wet deciduous forest would have developed on the emerged marine terrace of the Cobiheru Cave since at least the Middle Pleistocene, and an open landscape with scarce vegetation would have been present at c. 65 ka. The erosional event identified in the Cobiheru Cave helps to understand the temporal distribution of cold‐adapted mammals located in the Asturias region. The probable sites of cold‐adapted fauna developed in caves and alluvial fans would have disappeared after 65 ka. Therefore, palaeontological and palaeoclimate research based on cold‐adapted mammals suggests the occurrence of an hiatus in the palaeontological record prior to 50 ka. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of structural organization of epilithic and endolithic lichens on limestone weathering
Authors: Morando Mariagrazia , Wilhelm Katrin , Matteucci Enrica , Martire Luca , Piervittori Rosanna , Viles Heather A. , Favero‐Longo Sergio Enrico 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHyphal penetration, mineral dissolution and neoformation at the lichen–rock interface have been widely characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic studies, and considered as proxies of lichen deterioration of stone substrates. However, these phenomena have not been clearly related to experimental data on physical properties related to stone durability, and the physical consequences of lichen removal from stone surfaces have also been overlooked. In this study, we combine microscopic and spectroscopic characterization of the structural organization of epi‐ and endolithic lichens (Caloplaca marina (Wedd.) Du Rietz, Caloplaca ochracea (Schaer.) Flagey, Bagliettoa baldensis (A.Massal.) Vězda, Porina linearis (Leight.) Zahlbr., Verrucaria nigrescens Pers.) at the interface with limestones of interest for Cultural Heritage (Portland Limestone, Botticino Limestone), with analysis of rock properties (water absorption, surface hardness) relevant for durability, before and after the removal or scraping of lichen thalli. Observations using reflected‐light and electron microscopy, and Raman analyses, showed lichen–limestone stratified interfaces, differing in the presence/absence and depth of lichen anatomical layers (lithocortex, photobiont layer, pervasive and sparse hyphal penetration component) depending on species and lithology. Specific structural organizations of lichen–rock interface were found to be associated with differential patterns of water absorption increase, evaluated by Karsten tube, in comparison with surfaces with microbial biofilms only, even more pronounced after the removal or scraping of the upper structural layers. Equotip measurements on surfaces bearing intact thalli showed lower hardness in comparison with control surfaces. By contrast, after the removal or scraping procedures, Equotip values were similar to or higher than those of controls, suggesting that the increasing open porosity may be related to a biogenic hardening process. Such counterposed patterns of porosity increase and hardening need to be considered when models relating lichen occurrence on limestones and biogeomorphological surface evolution are proposed, and to evaluate the consequences of lichen removal from stone‐built cultural heritage. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of reservoir stratification and watershed hydrology on manganese and iron in a dam‐regulated river
Authors: Munger Zackary W. , Shahady Thomas D. , Schreiber Madeline E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe presence of metals, including manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe), adversely impacts water quality. In seasonally stratified reservoirs, Mn and Fe can accumulate in the water column due to reducing conditions in sediments and be released to downstream rivers through dam discharge. In addition to reservoir stratification influences, the release of metals downstream is influenced by hydrologic conditions in the river. We examined the seasonal and spatial variability of Mn and Fe concentrations in a eutrophic, hydropower reservoir and the downstream river over a two‐year period. Overall, we found that reservoir stratification was a strong predictor of tailrace Mn and Fe concentrations but that tailrace Fe concentrations were also influenced by dam discharge. Downgradient of the tailrace, river discharge and suspended sediment were the dominant predictors of both Mn and Fe concentrations. Using our data, we develop a conceptual model of seasonal and hydrologic drivers of metal concentrations. The model can be modified for other systems aiding drinking water utilities and other water users in forecasting under what seasonal and hydrologic conditions that Mn and Fe concentrations in river systems are likely to be elevated.
Organizational climate and investigation performance in the Norwegian police: A qualitative study
Authors: Lone Jon Anders , Garnås Alexander , Myklebust Trond , Bjørklund Roald , Hoff Thomas , Bjørkli Cato 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe present study aimed to identify organizational climate dimensions that are salient for police investigation performance and to explicate the mechanisms of the relationship between organizational climate and investigation performance. We conducted 38 semistructured interviews with participants at three job levels of police investigative work (chiefs of police, n = 11, senior investigating officers, n = 14, detectives, n = 13) in 11 Norwegian police districts. We analyzed the interview data by using a model of organizational climate based on the competing values framework (Quinn & Rohrbaugh, 1983). Two types of climate, human relations climate and rational goal climate, were perceived to enhance investigation performance. The findings indicate that a human relations climate enhances investigation performance by developing collective human capital and by supporting internal and external cooperation and coordination of resources. Moreover, the findings suggest that a rational goal climate increases investigation performance by encouraging planning, goal setting, and task focus.