bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La educación para la salud: “Concepto abstracto, práctica intangible”
Authors: Ocampo Rivera Diana Carolina , Arango Rojas María Eugenia 
Published: October 2016

ResumenObjetivo: Comprender las concepciones y las prácticas que los estudiantes de enfermería tienen sobre educación para la salud, durante su formación de pregrado. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, de tipo etnográfico, focalizado, realizado con estudiantes de pregrado. Resultados: Las prácticas de Educación para la Salud en la formación de enfermería, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes, se configuran a partir de experiencias de aprendizaje del cuidado, en las que se reproducen concepciones y significados sobre salud y educación que van, desde visiones tradicionales, hasta las alternativas. Esta multiplicidad de visiones genera tensiones y contradicciones entre el discurso y la práctica de educación para la salud, porque no se identifica una postura conceptual y pedagógica clara frente a esta categoría; asunto que se agudiza cuando en los procesos curriculares los estudiantes no encuentran el sustrato que cimente el fortalecimiento del rol educador durante la formación de pregrado. Conclusiones: La comprensión de las particularidades del proceso educativo en la formación de profesionales de enfermería y específicamente, de la formación en Educación para la Salud, exige el desarrollo de procesos pedagógicos que permitan trascender la formación técnica, centrada en el contenido y en lo procedimental y repensar la actual enseñanza hacia una enseñanza que promueva procesos reflexivos para formar enfermeros educadores para la salud.AbstractObjective: To comprehend the conceptions and practices that nursing students have on health education during their undergraduate career. Materials and methods: A qualitative, ethnographic focused study was made on undergraduate students. Results: The practices of health education in the training of nurses, from the perspective of students, are configured from the learning experiences of health care where the conceptions and meanings about health and education are reproduced from traditional views until alternative ones. These multiplicity of views generate tensions and contradictions between the discourse and the practice of health education of EPS because it is hard to identify a clear conceptual and pedagogical stance facing this category which sharpens when in the curriculum, students do not find the substratum that cements the fortification of the educator role in the formative process of the career. Conclusions: The understanding of the particularities of the education process of nurse training, specifically of the health education training, requires the development of pedagogical processes that transcend technical training of the nurse, which is centered on the content and procedure, and rethink current teaching toward a teaching that promotes reflective processes to form health educators not just professionals.
Influence of HbA1c and BMI on Lipid Trajectories in Youths and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Katz Michelle L. , Kollman Craig R. , Dougher Carly E. , Mubasher Mohamed , Laffel Lori M.B. 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE
To assess the influence of HbA1c and BMI (measured as BMI z score [zBMI]) on LDL, HDL, and non-HDL trajectories as youths with type 1 diabetes age into early adulthood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Dynamic, retrospective cohort study examining changes in lipid values in 572 youths with type 1 diabetes followed longitudinally for a median of 9.3 years. Through longitudinal modeling, we describe the relationship of HbA1c and zBMI on lipid values as subjects age after adjusting for other relevant factors, including lipid-lowering medication use.

RESULTS
The median number of lipid assessments was 7 (range 2–39). Every 1% increase in HbA1c was associated with an ∼2–6 mg/dL increase in LDL levels, with a greater increase in LDL levels as subjects progressed from prepubertal to postpubertal age ranges. A 1-SD increase in BMI was associated with a mean LDL increase of 2.1 mg/dL when subjects were 10 years old and increased to a mean of 8.2 mg/dL when subjects were 19 years old. The association between changes in HbA1c level and zBMI and changes in non-HDL levels as youths aged were similar to the associations found with LDL. The influence of HbA1c and zBMI on HDL levels was small and not dependent on age.

CONCLUSIONS
Changes in HbA1c level and zBMI modestly impact LDL and non-HDL cholesterol and have greater impacts as children age. Addressing elevations in HbA1c and zBMI as children enter into adolescence and beyond may lead to improvements in lipid levels.
Influence of germanate anomaly on elastic, structural, and optical properties of xNa2O-(99–x)[80GeO2:20PbO]-1Er2O3 lead–germanate glasses
Authors: Maulud Mohd Fauzi , Yahya Ahmad Kamal 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A sodium–lead–germanate glass system, with a composition of xNa2O-((100–y)–x)[80GeO2:20PbO]-yEr2O3 (x = 0–25 mol.%, y = 0, 1 mol.%), was prepared by melt quenching and used to investigate the effect of Na2O and Er2O3 on the germanate anomaly. The structural and optical properties of the glass samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and UV–Vis spectroscopy analyses. Elastic properties of Er2O3-doped glasses (y = 1) were studied by measuring longitudinal and shear velocities through the pulse-echo method at 5 MHz. Based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of Er2O3-doped glasses, the conversion of GeO4 into GeO6 indicates that the glass system possesses the germanate anomaly characteristic but has no density anomaly. Longitudinal, shear, bulk, and Young's moduli (C
L, μ, K, and E, respectively) increased to their maximum values at x = 10 mol.% but decreased with increasing amount of Na2O added. This finding reveals the elastic nature of the germanate anomaly. Increase in elastic moduli indicates enhanced network rigidity of the glass system in the germanate anomaly region, where the coordination number increased with the transformation of GeO4 to GeO6. Subsequent decrease in elastic moduli (x > 10 mol.%) denotes weakened network rigidity of the glass system because of enhanced formation of non-bridging oxygen. Furthermore, analysis using bulk compression and ring deformation models reveals the nonlinear trends of K
bc
/K
e ratio and average ring size diameter as a result of the germanate anomaly. The anomaly also influenced optical properties of both Er2O3-doped (y = 1) and Er2O3-free (y = 0) glasses, where the optical energy gap (E
opt) decreased with the addition of Na2O up to 10 mol.% and slightly increased with more than 10 mol.% Na2O. By contrast, Urbach energy (E
U) and refractive index (n) showed opposite trends to that of E
opt. The behavior of E
U indicates changes in defect concentration, which affects E
opt and n.
A systematic review of 30-day readmission after cranial neurosurgery
Authors: Cusimano Michael D. , Pshonyak Iryna , Lee Michael Y. , Ilie Gabriela 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVEThe 30-day readmission rate has emerged as an important marker of the quality of in-hospital care in several fields of medicine. This review aims to summarize available research reporting readmission rates after cranial procedures and to establish an association with demographic, clinical, and system-related factors and clinical outcomes.METHODSThe authors conducted a systematic review of several databases; a manual search of the Journal of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery, Acta Neurochirurgica, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences; and the cited references of the selected articles. Quality review was performed using the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) criteria. Findings are reported according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.RESULTSA total of 1344 articles published between 1947 and 2015 were identified; 25 were considered potentially eligible, of which 12 met inclusion criteria. The 30-day readmission rates varied from 6.9% to 23.89%. Complications arising during or after neurosurgical procedures were a prime reason for readmission. Race, comorbidities, and longer hospital stay put patients at risk for readmission.CONCLUSIONSAlthough readmission may be an important indicator for good care for the subset of acutely declining patients, neurosurgery should aim to reduce 30-day readmission rates with improved quality of care through systemic changes in the care of neurosurgical patients that promote preventive measures.
PERIODIC ORBIT FAMILIES IN THE GRAVITATIONAL FIELD OF IRREGULAR-SHAPED BODIES
Authors: Jiang Yu , Baoyin Hexi 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The discovery of binary and triple asteroids in addition to the execution of space missions to minor celestial bodies in the past several years have focused increasing attention on periodic orbits around irregular-shaped celestial bodies. In the present work, we adopt a polyhedron shape model for providing an accurate representation of irregular-shaped bodies and employ the model to calculate their corresponding gravitational and effective potentials. We also investigate the characteristics of periodic orbit families and the continuation of periodic orbits. We prove a fact, which provides a conserved quantity that permits restricting the number of periodic orbits in a fixed energy curved surface about an irregular-shaped body. The collisions of Floquet multipliers are maintained during the continuation of periodic orbits around the comet 1P/Halley. Multiple bifurcations in the periodic orbit families about irregular-shaped bodies are also discussed. Three bifurcations in the periodic orbit family have been found around the asteroid 216 Kleopatra, which include two real saddle bifurcations and one period-doubling bifurcation.
NEW ORBITS BASED ON SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY AT SOAR∗
Authors: Tokovinin Andrei 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The orbits of 55 visual binary stars are computed using recent speckle interferometry data from the SOAR telescope: 33 first-time orbits and 22 revisions of previous orbit calculations. The orbital periods range from 1.4–370 years, and the quality of the orbits ranges from definitive to preliminary and tentative. Most binaries consist of low-mass dwarfs and have short periods (median period 31 years). The dynamical parallaxes and masses are evaluated and compared to the Hipparcos parallaxes. Using differential speckle photometry, binary components are placed on the color–magnitude diagram.
A QUICK METHOD TO IDENTIFY SECULAR RESONANCES IN MULTI-PLANET SYSTEMS WITH A BINARY COMPANION
Authors: Pilat-Lohinger E. , Bazsó A. , Funk B. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Gravitational perturbations in multi-planet systems caused by an accompanying star are the subject of this investigation. Our dynamical model is based on the binary star HD 41004 AB where a giant planet orbits HD 41004 A. We modify the orbital parameters of this system and analyze the motion of a hypothetical test planet surrounding HD 41004 A on an interior orbit to the detected giant planet. Our numerical computations indicate perturbations due to mean motion and secular resonances (SRs). The locations of these resonances are usually connected to high eccentricity and highly inclined motion depending strongly on the binary-planet architecture. As the positions of mean motion resonances can easily be determined, the main purpose of this study is to present a new semi-analytical method to determine the location of an SR without huge computational effort.
COUPLING OF CORONAL AND HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC MODELS: SOLUTION COMPARISONS AND VERIFICATION
Authors: Merkin V. G. , Lionello R. , Lyon J. G. , Linker J. , Török T. , Downs C. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Two well-established magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) codes are coupled to model the solar corona and the inner heliosphere. The corona is simulated using the MHD algorithm outside a sphere (MAS) model. The Lyon–Fedder–Mobarry (LFM) model is used in the heliosphere. The interface between the models is placed in a spherical shell above the critical point and allows both models to work in either a rotating or an inertial frame. Numerical tests are presented examining the coupled model solutions from 20 to 50 solar radii. The heliospheric simulations are run with both LFM and the MAS extension into the heliosphere, and use the same polytropic coronal MAS solutions as the inner boundary condition. The coronal simulations are performed for idealized magnetic configurations, with an out-of-equilibrium flux rope inserted into an axisymmetric background, with and without including the solar rotation. The temporal evolution at the inner boundary of the LFM and MAS solutions is shown to be nearly identical, as are the steady-state background solutions, prior to the insertion of the flux rope. However, after the coronal mass ejection has propagated through the significant portion of the simulation domain, the heliospheric solutions diverge. Additional simulations with different resolution are then performed and show that the MAS heliospheric solutions approach those of LFM when run with progressively higher resolution. Following these detailed tests, a more realistic simulation driven by the thermodynamic coronal MAS is presented, which includes solar rotation and an azimuthally asymmetric background and extends to the Earth’s orbit.
EXAMINING THE ACCURACY OF ASTROPHYSICAL DISK SIMULATIONS WITH A GENERALIZED HYDRODYNAMICAL TEST PROBLEM
Authors: Raskin Cody , Owen J. Michael 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We discuss a generalization of the classic Keplerian disk test problem allowing for both pressure and rotational support, as a method of testing astrophysical codes incorporating both gravitation and hydrodynamics. We argue for the inclusion of pressure in rotating disk simulations on the grounds that realistic, astrophysical disks exhibit non-negligible pressure support. We then apply this test problem to examine the performance of various smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods incorporating a number of improvements proposed over the years to address problems noted in modeling the classical gravitation-only Keplerian disk. We also apply this test to a newly developed extension of SPH based on reproducing kernels called CRKSPH. Counterintuitively, we find that pressure support worsens the performance of traditional SPH on this problem, causing unphysical collapse away from the steady-state disk solution even more rapidly than the purely gravitational problem, whereas CRKSPH greatly reduces this error.
THE KEY ROLE OF SOLAR DYNAMICS IN THE CHROMOSPHERIC HANLE POLARIZATION
Authors: Carlin E. S. , Bianda M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The quantum theory of polarized light allows one to model scattering in the solar atmosphere for inferring its properties. This powerful approach has revealed two key long-standing problems in solar physics: the puzzling dilemmas between theory and observations in several anomalously polarized spectral lines and the need for inferring the ubiquitous weak chromospheric magnetic fields, which requires discriminating the Hanle effect in dynamic optically thick plasmas. However, the ever-present dynamics, i.e., the temporal evolution of heatings and macroscopic motions, has been widely disregarded when modeling and interpreting the scattering polarization. This has hindered a consistent theoretical solution to the puzzle while falsifying the Hanle diagnosis. Here, we show that the dynamical evolution is a keystone for solving both problems because its systematic impact allows an explanation of the observations from “anomalous” instantaneous polarization signals. Evolution accounted for, we reproduce amplitudes and (spectral and spatial) shapes of the Ca i 4227 Å polarization at solar disk center, identifying a restrictive arrangement of magnetic fields, kinematics, heatings, and spatio-temporal resolution. We find that the joint action of dynamics, Hanle effect, and low temporal resolutions mimics Zeeman linear polarization profiles, the true weak-field Zeeman signals being negligible. Our results allow reinterpretation of many polarization signals of the solar spectra and support time-dependent scattering polarization as a powerful tool for deciphering the spatio-temporal distribution of chromospheric heatings and fields. This approach may be a key aid in developing the Hanle diagnosis for the solar atmosphere.
Filamentary field-aligned currents at the polar cap region during
northward interplanetary magnetic field derived with the Swarm
constellation
Authors: Lühr Hermann , Huang Tao , Wing Simon , Kervalishvili Guram , Rauberg Jan , Korth Haje 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. ESA's Swarm constellation mission makes it possible for the first time to determine field-aligned currents (FACs) in the ionosphere uniquely. In particular at high latitudes, the dual-satellite approach can reliably detect some FAC structures which are missed by the traditional single-satellite technique. These FAC events occur preferentially poleward of the auroral oval and during times of northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation. Most events appear on the nightside. They are not related to the typical FAC structures poleward of the cusp, commonly termed NBZ. Simultaneously observed precipitating particle spectrograms and auroral images from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites are consistent with the detected FACs and indicate that they occur on closed field lines mostly adjacent to the auroral oval. We suggest that the FACs are associated with Sun-aligned filamentary auroral arcs. Here we introduce in an initial study features of the high-latitude FAC structures which have been observed during the early phase of the Swarm mission. A more systematic survey over longer times is required to fully characterize the so far undetected field aligned currents.
Effects of Various Anchoring Components and Loading Conditions on Primary Stability of Acetabular Revision Implant
Authors: Voigt Christian , Schaller Andreas , Klöhn Carsten , Scholz Roger 
Published: October 2016

Purpose In revision total hip arthroplasty, until today, orthopaedic surgeons are missing evidence-based guidelines on cementless acetabular cup fixation. Methods 5 finite element models were generated featuring the following anchorage strategies: 1 short peg, 1 long peg, 2 long screws, 3 short screws and zero anchoring components for reference. The micromotions at the implant-bone interface were analyzed for 3 different loadcases, “Seated leg-crossing” (joint force 940 N, impingement force 750 N), “Normal gait” (joint force 1820 N), and “Stumbling” (joint force 4520 N). Results Within the same loadcase, percentages of interface area below 28 µm are nearly identical in all anchorage strategies. The average percentage of interface area below 28 µm is 31% for “Seated leg-crossing”, 17% for “Normal gait”, and 11% for “Stumbling”. Maximal von Mises stresses in “Normal gait”, for example, reach 12 MPa in the short peg, 48 MPa in the long peg, 15 MPa in 1 of the 2 long screws, and 85 MPa in 1 of the 3 short screws. Conclusions Common orthopaedic practice, to use peg or screw fixation alternatively according to bone availability or other clinical aspects, can be confirmed. The short peg may be a good alternative to the long peg with regard to the preservation of bone stock. However, the current study implies that the extent of potential osseointegration depends less on the chosen anchorage strategy but strongly on postoperative loading conditions. Total hip patients should be instructed on adequate postoperative activities.
GNRH-Agonist or Antagonist in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer: A Comparision Based on Oncological Results
Authors: Salciccia Stefano , Gentilucci Alessandro , Cattarino Susanna , Sciarra Alessandro 
Published: October 2016

On the basis of the trials available, are we ready to consider GnRH antagonists better than agonists? Is there a population of patients who may benefit from antagonists more than agonists? We specifically focused our analysis on the significance of oncological results obtained in phase III trials directly comparing Degarelix with GnRH agonists. Oncological results were evaluated only in 1 trial (CS21) with some subanalysis and they were not the primary endpoints of the study. The follow-up duration was 364 days, and therefore, the number of events (all causes deaths and prostate cancer (PC), Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), Hazard ratio (HR)-related deaths) was very low in both groups and this aspect strongly reduces the significance of overall survival evaluation. In our opinion, the CS21A open-label extension does not consent to obtain useful clinical data and the design of the study loses the possibility to have a longer randomized comparison between degarelix and agonist. Moreover, the fact that the crossover from leuprolide to degarelix was pre-defined at 12 months and not at agonist failure does not allow to gather data also on the effect of sequential treatment. The answer to the question whether we are ready to consider antagonists better than agonists, based on oncological results, is probably no. We have data in terms of testosterone suppression and PSA control rather than overall survival or clinical progression free survival. A PSA progression-free survival is a secondary endpoint that in our opinion is not sufficient. Large prospective comparative trials with long-term follow-up are needed to clarify this critical clinical question.
Extensão rural e interdisciplinaridade: construções dialógicas
Authors: Monteiro Rosa Cristina , Figueiredo Cecilia Moreyra de 
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo discute a importância da interdisciplinaridade na extensão rural, destacando a interação com o campo das ciências humanas, em especial a psicossociologia. A interdisciplinaridade é apresentada pelas autoras como uma exigência epistemológica crítica e política. A entrada da psicossociologia é sustentada pela compreensão de que o fenômeno da subjetividade não pode estar ausente dos saberes e fazeres que envolvem o humano e suas relações sociais. Trata-se de um ensaio em que a extensão rural se apresenta como um lugar privilegiado para a pesquisa interdisciplinar, na medida em que reúne ação e reflexão em contextos bem definidos e que incorporou diversas disciplinas na composição de seu corpus atual - as disputas paradigmáticas que se sucederam deixaram um lastro de possibilidades para composições originais, às vezes rivais, mas sempre compatíveis com o cenário das novas diplomacias exigidas pela pós-modernidade. A primeira parte da reflexão, de caráter teórico, se relaciona com a segunda parte que reúne fragmentos de um estudo de campo realizado na Amazônia brasileira no qual já se experimenta uma intersecção disciplinar que se pretende original.