bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dicyano‐Substituted Diazaacenes
Authors: Müller Matthias , Beglaryan Stella S. , Koser Silke , Hahn Sebastian , Tverskoy Olena , Rominger Frank , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis, spectroscopic, and structural properties of novel 2,3‐dicyano‐substituted azaacenes containing three to six annelated rings as a framework. The targets were prepared by Pd‐catalyzed coupling of diamino‐bis(tri‐isopropylsilylethynyl)benzene, ‐naphthalene, and ‐anthracene with either 4,5‐dibromophthalonitrile or 6,7‐dibromonaphthalene‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile into the respective N,N′‐dihydrodiazaacenes. Oxidation with MnO2 or PbO2 furnishes the dicyano‐substituted diazaacenes in reasonable to good yields. An exception is the diazahexacene, where the N,N′‐dihydrodiazaacene is difficult to oxidize. Most of the targets could be crystallized and pack in isolated pairs, stacks, and brick‐wall motifs. The n‐type behavior of these molecules was illustrated in a proof‐of‐concept organic field‐effect transistor, showing mobilities up to 7×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Synthesis of an S‐Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen and Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate
Authors: Kuan Ting‐Chun , Wu Hsin‐Ru , Adak Avijit K. , Li Ben‐Yuan , Liang Chien‐Fu , Hung Jung‐Tung , Chiou Shih‐Pin , Yu Alice L. , Hwu Jih Ru , Lin Chun‐Cheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractReplacing the interglycosidic oxygen atom of oligosaccharides with a nonhydrolyzable sulfur atom has attracted significant interest because it provides opportunities for developing new glycoconjugate vaccines. Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non‐reducing‐end inter‐S‐glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S‐linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. The key steps in the synthesis are a regio‐ and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8‐iodide‐derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S‐alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S‐linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. The sulfhydryl‐reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well‐defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Groups of mice were immunized with the GD3–KLH and S‐linked GD3–KLH glycoconjugates in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant. Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S‐linked GD3–KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S‐linked GD3 and cross‐reactivity with the O‐linked GD3 antigen was low. The activity of the S‐linked GD3–KLH vaccine was comparable to that of the O‐linked GD3–KLH vaccine, which highlighted the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies by relatively simple means.
Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Highly Fluorinated Arylboronic Esters: Catalytic Studies and Stoichiometric Model Reactions on the Transmetallation Step
Authors: Kohlmann Johannes , Braun Thomas , Laubenstein Reik , Herrmann Roy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFluorinated 4‐aryl phenylalanine amino acid derivatives (aryl=2‐C5NF4, 4‐C6H4SF5, 2‐C6H4SCF3, C6F5) were obtained in Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions of phenylalanine precursors with highly fluorinated aryl boronic acid and esters in the presence of CsF. PdII complexes that possessed phenyl alanine derived ligands, such as trans‐[PdBr{4‐C6H4CH2CH{NHC(O)CH3}CO2Et}(PiPr3)2], were used as catalysts. Stoichiometric model reactions indicate the intermediate generation of the boronate Cs[BF(2‐C5NF4)(pin)] (pin=pinacolato=O2C2Me4). The transmetallation step with Cs[BF(4‐C6H4SF5)(pin)], [NMe4][BF(2‐C5NF4)(pin)] and/or the fluorido complex trans‐[PdF{4‐C6H4CH2C{NHC(O)CH3}(CO2Et)2}(PiPr3)2] was investigated. A comparison of the reactions of trans‐[PdX{4‐C6H4CH2C{NHC(O)CH3}(CO2Et)2}(PiPr3)2] (X=Br, F) with 2‐Bpin‐C5NF4 or [NMe4][BF(2‐C5NF4)(pin)] revealed the remarkable high reactivity of the fluorido complex towards 2‐BpinC5NF4. Low‐temperature NMR studies indicated the ionic species trans‐[Pd{4‐C6H4CH2C{NHC(O)CH3}(CO2Et)2}(PiPr3)2][BF(2‐C5NF4)(pin)] to be a highly reactive intermediate.
Ternary Ni‐Co‐F Nanocrystal‐Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Xudong , Ding Rui , Shi Wei , Xu Qilei , Liu Enhui 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTernary nickel cobalt fluoride (Ni‐Co‐F) nanocrystals are constructed solvothermally for use as the positive electrode materials in supercapacitors. The optimal Ni‐Co‐F (Ni/Co=2:1) shows slight chemical shifts in X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data and X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) compared with bare Ni‐F and Co‐F. The Ni‐Co‐F (Ni/Co=2:1) exhibits typical square nanocrystal morphology together with a mesoporous surface structure, as observed through TEM observations and nitrogen sorption measurements. Owing to the stronger synergistic effect of Ni and Co redox species originated from the richer Ni and Co surface electroactive sites, Ni‐Co‐F (Ni/Co=2:1) shows superior performances of specific capacitance, rate capability, and charge‐transfer kinetics (564 F g−1 at 1 Ag−1, 418 F g−1 at 16 Ag−1, 449 Ω) compared with all the other Ni‐Co‐F candidates. Moreover, the activated carbon (AC)//Ni‐Co‐F (Ni/Co=2:1) asymmetric capacitor designed based on charge balance delivers superior energy and power densities (18.4 Wh kg−1, 6.64 kW kg−1) together with longer cycle life (77 % retention after 10 000 cycles at 4 A g−1).
Short‐ and long‐term clinical predictors of pharmacological cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation by dofetilide: A retrospective cohort study of 160 patients
Authors: Hassan Virk Hafeez Ul , Qureshi Waqas T. , Makkar Nayani , Bastawrose Joseph , Souvaliotis Nektarios , Aziz Joshua , Aziz Emad 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionDofetilide is a class III antiarrhythmic prescribed to cardiovert persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) to sinus rhythm (SR).HypothesisTo determine the clinical predictors of cardioversion and readmission in persistent AF patients on dofetilide.MethodsWe analyzed 160 patients with persistent AF who were started on dofetilide and followed for 1 year. We examined age, sex, race, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, dyslipidemia, CAD, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), creatinine, BMI and concomitant use of calcium channel blockers (CCB), β‐blockers in a multivariable logistic regression model. We also examined the same predictors in Cox regression model for AF‐related readmission within 1 year of follow‐up.Results13.5% individuals did not convert to SR on dofetilide. 55.6% converted on the first dose and 83.1% converted by the fourth dose. In multivariable logistic models, dyslipidemia (OR: 2.4, CI: 1.12‐5.16) and LVEF (OR: 3.83,CI: 1.37‐10.8) were associated with failure to convert with the first dose. Female sex and LVEF also were associated with increased risk of failure to convert at all. Concomitant use of CCB associated with decreased risk of failure to convert to SR. In Cox proportional model, female sex, age <63 years and CAD were associated with increased AF readmission within 1 year.ConclusionsDyslipidemia and LVEF <40% were associated with failure to cardiovert after first dose, and female sex and LVEF 40% were related to failure to convert at all on dofetilide in persistent AF patients. After 1‐year follow‐up, female sex, known CAD, and age <63 years were associated with increased AF readmissions.
Body mass index, PAM50 subtype, recurrence, and survival among patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer
Authors: Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M. , Kwan Marilyn L. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Chen Wendy Y. , Weltzien Erin K. , Castillo Adrienne L. , Sweeney Carol , Bernard Philip S. , Caan Bette J. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDStudies of obesity and survival among patients with breast cancer produce conflicting results, possibly because of heterogeneity by molecular subtype.METHODSThis study examined whether the association of body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis with breast cancer recurrence and survival varied across subtypes defined by PAM50 (Prediction Analysis of Microarray 50) gene expression. Included were 1559 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members ages 18 to 79 years who had PAM50 assays and were diagnosed with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I through III breast cancer from 1996 to 2013. Patients reported weight and height. Cox regression models were adjusted for age, menopause, race/ethnicity, stage, and chemotherapy.RESULTSOver a median of 9 years (maximum, 19 years), 378 women developed recurrent disease, and 312 died from breast cancer. Overall, BMI was not associated with breast cancer recurrence or survival when controlling for subtype (eg, the hazard ratio per 5 kg/m2 of BMI was 1.05 [95% confidence interval, 0.95‐1.15] for breast cancer‐specific death). However, associations varied by subtype. Among women with luminal A cancers, those who had class II/III obesity, but not class I obesity or overweight, had worse outcomes. When women who had a BMI ≥35 kg/m2 were compared with those who had a BMI from 18.5 to <25 kg/m2, the hazard ratio was 2.24 (95% confidence interval,1.22‐4.11) for breast cancer‐specific death and 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.00‐1.54) for recurrence. There was no association within luminal B, basal‐like or human epidermal growth factor over‐expressing subtypes.CONCLUSIONSAmong patients who had accurately classified breast cancer subtypes based on gene expression, a BMI ≥35 kg/m2 was adversely associated with outcomes only among those who had luminal A cancers. Research is needed into whether tailoring recommendations for weight management to tumor characteristics will improve outcomes. Cancer 2017;123:2535–42. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Using the National Cancer Data Base for quality evaluation to assess adherence to treatment guidelines for nonmetastatic inflammatory breast cancer
Authors: Lin Heather Y. , Bedrosian Isabelle , Babiera Gildy V. , Shaitelman Simona F. , Kuerer Henry M. , Woodward Wendy A. , Ueno Naoto T. , Shen Yu 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDGuidelines for the treatment of nonmetastatic inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) using trimodality therapy (TT) (chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy) have remained largely unchanged since 2000. However, many patients with nonmetastatic IBC do not receive TT. It is unknown how patient‐level (PL) and facility‐level (FL) factors contribute to TT use.METHODSUsing the National Cancer Data Base, patients with nonmetastatic IBC who underwent locoregional treatment from 2003 through 2011 were identified. The authors correlated PL factors, including demographic and tumor characteristics, with TT use. An observed‐to‐expected ratio for the number of patients treated with TT was calculated for each hospital by adjusting for significant PL factors. Hierarchical mixed effects models were used to assess the percentage of variation in TT use attributable to PL and FL factors, respectively.RESULTSOf the 542 hospitals examined, 55 (10.1%) and 24 (4.4%), respectively, were identified as significantly low and high outliers for TT use (P<.05). The percentage of the total variance in the use of TT attributable to the facility (11%) was nearly triple the variance attributable to the measured PL factors (3.4%). The nomogram generated from multivariate logistic regression of PL factors only allows a facility to assess TT use given their PL data.CONCLUSIONSFL factors rather than PL factors appear to contribute disproportionately to the underuse of TT in patients with nonmetastatic IBC. To improve treatment guideline adherence for patients with nonmetastatic IBC, it is critical to identify the specific FL factors associated with TT underuse. More organized FL intervention is required to train physicians and to build multidisciplinary teams. Cancer 2017;123:2618‐25. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
A comparative analysis of the physiological properties of neurons in the anterolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Macaca mulatta
Authors: Daniel Sarah E. , Guo Jidong , Rainnie Donald G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe anterolateral group of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTALG) is a critical modulator of a variety of rodent and primate behaviors spanning anxiety behavior and drug addiction. Three distinct neuronal cell types have been previously defined in the rat BNSTALG based on differences in the voltage‐response to hyperpolarizing and depolarizing current injection. Differences in genetic expression profile between these three cell types suggest electrophysiological cell type may be an indicator for functional differences in the circuit of the rat BNSTALG. Although the behavioral role of the BNST is conserved across species, it is unknown if the same electrophysiological cell types exist in the BNSTALG of the mouse and nonhuman primate. Here, we used whole‐cell patch clamp electrophysiology and neuronal reconstructions of biocytin‐filled neurons to compare and contrast the electrophysiological and morphological properties of neurons in the BNSTALG from the mouse, rat, and rhesus macaque. We provide evidence that the BNSTALG of all three species contains neurons that match the three defined cell types found in the rat; however, there are intriguing differences in the relative frequency of these cell types as well as electrophysiological and morphological properties of the BNSTALG neurons across species. This study suggests that the overall landscape of the BNSTALG in the primate and mouse may be similar to that of the rat in some aspects but perhaps significantly different in others.
Neurochemistry of neurons in the ventrolateral medulla activated by hypotension: Are the same neurons activated by glucoprivation?
Authors: Parker Lindsay M. , Le Sheng , Wearne Travis A. , Hardwick Kate , Kumar Natasha N. , Robinson Katherine J. , McMullan Simon , Goodchild Ann K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that a range of stimuli activate neurons, including catecholaminergic neurons, in the ventrolateral medulla. Not all catecholaminergic neurons are activated and other neurochemical content is largely unknown hence whether stimulus specific populations exist is unclear. Here we determine the neurochemistry (using in situ hybridization) of catecholaminergic and noncatecholaminergic neurons which express c‐Fos immunoreactivity throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the ventrolateral medulla, in Sprague Dawley rats treated with hydralazine or saline. Distinct neuronal populations containing PPCART, PPPACAP, and PPNPY mRNAs, which were largely catecholaminergic, were activated by hydralazine but not saline. Both catecholaminergic and noncatecholaminergic neurons containing preprotachykinin and prepro‐enkephalin (PPE) mRNAs were also activated, with the noncatecholaminergic population located in the rostral C1 region. Few GlyT2 neurons were activated. A subset of these data was then used to compare the neuronal populations activated by 2‐deoxyglucose evoked glucoprivation (Brain Structure and Function (2015) 220:117). Hydralazine activated more neurons than 2‐deoxyglucose but similar numbers of catecholaminergic neurons. Commonly activated populations expressing PPNPY and PPE mRNAs were defined. These likely include PPNPY expressing catecholaminergic neurons projecting to vasopressinergic and corticotrophin releasing factor neurons in the paraventricular nucleus, which when activated result in elevated plasma vasopressin and corticosterone. Stimulus specific neurons included noncatecholaminergic neurons and a few PPE positive catecholaminergic neuron but neurochemical codes were largely unidentified. Reasons for the lack of identification of stimulus specific neurons, readily detectable using electrophysiology in anaesthetized preparations and for which neural circuits can be defined, are discussed.
Analysis of Nitroxide‐Based Distance Measurements in Cell Extracts and in Cells by Pulsed ESR Spectroscopy
Authors: Lawless Matthew J. , Shimshi Amit , Cunningham Timothy F. , Kinde Monica N. , Tang Pei , Saxena Sunil 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMeasurements of distances in cells by pulsed ESR spectroscopy afford tremendous opportunities to study proteins in native environments that are irreproducible in vitro. However, the in‐cell environment is harsh towards the typical nitroxide radicals used in double electron–electron resonance (DEER) experiments. A systematic examination is performed on the loss of the DEER signal, including contributions from nitroxide decay and nitroxide side‐chain cleavage. In addition, the possibility of extending the lifetime of the nitroxide radical by use of an oxidizing agent is investigated. Using this oxidizing agent, DEER distance measurements are performed on doubly nitroxide‐labeled GB1, the immunoglobulin‐binding domain of protein G, at varying incubation times in the cellular environment. It is found that, by comparison of the loss of DEER signal to the loss of the CW spectrum, cleavage of the nitroxide side chain contributes to the loss of DEER signal, which is significantly greater in cells than in cell extracts. Finally, local spin concentrations are monitored at varying incubation times to show the time required for molecular diffusion of a small globular protein within the cellular milieu.
Direct Access to Primary Amines and Particle Morphology Control in Nanoporous CO2 Sorbents
Authors: Dogan Nesibe A. , Ozdemir Ercan , Yavuz Cafer T. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChemical tuning of nanoporous, solid sorbents for ideal CO2 binding requires unhindered amine functional groups on the pore walls. Although common for soluble organics, post‐synthetic reduction of nitriles in porous networks often fails due to insufficient and irreversible metal hydride penetration. In this study, a nanoporous network with pendant nitrile groups, microsphere morphology was synthesized in large scale. The hollow microspheres were easily decorated with primary amines through in situ reduction by widely available boranes. The CO2 capture capacity of the modified sorbent was increased to up to four times that of the starting nanoporous network with a high heat of adsorption (98 kJ mol−1). The surface area can be easily tuned between 1 and 354 m2 g−1. The average particle size (ca. 50 μm) is also quite suitable for CO2 capture applications, such as those with fluidized beds requiring spheres of micron sizes.
Operando Soft X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study on a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode during Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Oike Ryo , Kimura Yuta , Tamenori Yusuke , Kawada Tatsuya , Amezawa Koji 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn operando soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopic technique, which enabled the analysis of the electronic structures of the electrode materials at elevated temperature in a controlled atmosphere and electrochemical polarization, was established and its availability was demonstrated by investigating the electronic structural changes of an La2NiO4+δ dense‐film electrode during an electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction. Clear O K‐edge and Ni L‐edge X‐ray absorption spectra could be obtained below 773 K under an atmospheric pressure of 100 ppm O2/He, 0.1 % O2/He, and 1 % O2/He gas mixtures. Considerable spectral changes were observed in the O K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectra upon changing the P
and application of electrical potential, whereas only small spectral changes were observed in Ni L‐edge X‐ray absorption spectra. A pre‐edge peak of the O K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectra, which reflects the unoccupied partial density of states of Ni 3d–O 2p hybridization, increased or decreased with cathodic or anodic polarization, respectively. The electronic structural changes of the outermost orbital of the electrode material due to electrochemical polarization were successfully confirmed by the operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopic technique developed in this study.
Biolens behavior of RBCs under optically‐induced mechanical stress
Authors: Merola Francesco , Barroso Álvaro , Miccio Lisa , Memmolo Pasquale , Mugnano Martina , Ferraro Pietro , Denz Cornelia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this work, the optical behavior of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) under an optically‐induced mechanical stress was studied. Exploiting the new findings concerning the optical lens‐like behavior of RBCs, the variations of the wavefront refracted by optically‐deformed RBCs were further investigated. Experimental analysis have been performed through the combination of digital holography and numerical analysis based on Zernike polynomials, while the biological lens is deformed under the action of multiple dynamic optical tweezers. Detailed wavefront analysis provides comprehensive information about the aberrations induced by the applied mechanical stress. By this approach it was shown that the optical properties of RBCs in their discocyte form can be affected in a different way depending on the geometry of the deformation. In analogy to classical optical testing procedures, optical parameters can be correlated to a particular mechanical deformation. This could open new routes for analyzing cell elasticity by examining optical parameters instead of direct but with low resolution strain analysis, thanks to the high sensitivity of the interferometric tool. Future application of this approach could lead to early detection and diagnosis of blood diseases through a single‐step wavefront analysis for evaluating different cells elasticity. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Context‐dependent extinction of an appetitive operant conditioned response in infant rats
Authors: Orellana Barrera Estefanía , Arias Carlos , González Felisa , Abate Paula 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe present study evaluated context‐dependent learning under an operant conditioning procedure in infant rats. Preweanling rats were trained in context A during postnatal days (PDs) 16 and 17 to learn an appetitive operant conditioning task, employing milk chocolate as appetitive reinforcer. On PD18 the operant response was extinguished in context A, or in an alternative context B. The change from context A to B between acquisition and extinction did not affect the number of responses during extinction, but slightly modified the shape of the extinction curve. On PD19, a renewal test conducted in context A clearly showed ABA‐renewal of the extinguished operant response. These results add to the body of evidence indicating that infants are able to acquire and retain contextual information, and support the notion that extinction during this ontogenetic period involves new learning.