bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Quality of Jerusalem Artichoke Chips: The Role of Pretreatment Optimization in Combined Vacuum Freezing and Hot Air Drying
Authors: Mu Yuwen , Gao Wenting , Lv Shiqi , Zhao Changming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The Jerusalem artichoke emerges as a novel non-food energy crop, with its tuber being a rich source of inulin—the most soluble dietary fiber. This study aims to investigate the impact of pretreatment on the quality of Jerusalem artichoke chips dried using a combined method of vacuum freezing and hot air drying. The evaluation criteria encompass color, hardness, rehydration ratio, and microstructure of the Jerusalem artichoke chips. Blanching duration, NaCl concentration, and maltodextrin concentration in the pretreatment phase are key research parameters. Through a single-factor analysis experiment, optimal levels for each parameter were determined, with 60s for blanching, 0.8% for NaCl concentration, and 10% for maltodextrin concentration. Meanwhile, response surface methodology (RSM) optimization identified the optimal conditions as 67s blanching time, 0.97% NaCl concentration, and 8.35% maltodextrin concentration. Under these conditions, the Jerusalem artichoke chips exhibited an L* value of 79.82 and a rehydration ratio of 3.92. The finished product manifested a loose, porous texture, a well-defined structure, and a crisp palate. The findings from this investigation provide substantive theoretical support for diversified processing approaches for Jerusalem artichoke.
Artificial Intelligence based Power Optimization in Induction Furnace Controlled Melting Process of Foundry Industries along with Reduction of CO 2 Emission
Authors: T Roosefert Mohan , Rajan ANNIE UTHRA , J Preetha Roselyn , M Malathi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Day by day the electrical energy consumption is increased to meet the customer demand like new industries development, electric vehicle charging, railway development and raise in population increase etc. Though variable renewable energy resources are added to meet out the demand and reduce greenhouse emission with less carbon di oxide it is necessary to reduce the power consumption of the existing industry for the same productivity to avoid pollution and global warming. The proposed system works on the principle of energy saving is nothing but energy production which optimize the power consumption for the same quantity of production, reduces CO2 emission and reduce the cost of production which increases the profit of the industry. By optimizing the electrical energy conservation, the Green House Emission pollutant gases like CO2, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Sulfur Hexafluoride etc… also reduces from the thermal or atomic electrical power generation which reduce global warming and climate change. Induction furnaces of plant for melting metal are the major power consuming equipment in foundry industries and by providing effective power management system to multiple furnaces and utilizing the power in an optimized way increases the furnace liquid metal productivity and share the energy throughout the plant in an optimized way which eliminates maximum demand penalty by the electricity board during billing and reduces power consumption per tonnage of liquid metal produced which increase the profit of the plant and reduce global warming. In the proposed power management system the power consumption of a foundry is utilized in such a way that when the power of a furnace is utilized less the standard capacity due to operational constraints and production status, the unutilized power from the furnace is fed to the other furnaces of the industry without affecting the safety and quality of the liquid metal produced by the furnaces since abnormal sudden raise in furnace power may lead to liquid metal burst during slag removal and controlled temperature raise of liquid metal for pouring operation.
The impact of coffee genotype and processing method on the sensory and metabolite profiles of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora)
Authors: Bollen Robrecht , Rojo-Poveda Olga , Katshela Benjamin Ntumba , Tshimi Ebele Aaron , Stévigny Caroline , Delporte Cédric , Vandelook Filip , Stoffelen Piet , Honnay Olivier 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Coffee processing involves various steps, from harvest to the storage of dried green coffee beans, each of which can significantly affect the beans' chemical composition and sensory qualities. Yet, a comprehensive evaluation that includes the coffee's genetic background and chemical, sensory, and biological aspects is still uncommon for Robusta coffee. Four Robusta (C. canephora) genotypes from the Democratic Republic of the Congo were subjected to five different coffee processing methods: Strip-picked, unsorted, sundried cherries; Overripe, sorted, sundried cherries; ripe, sorted, sundried (Natural) cherries; ripe, sorted, Pulped, sundried parchment; and ripe, sorted, wet fermented (Washed), sundried parchment were processed separately. The resulting green beans underwent sensory descriptive cupping, seed germination tests, and metabolite profiling using LC-HRMS. The Pulped and Washed methods produced coffees with higher sensory attributes scores, while the Overripe method was associated with the sensory ‘potato taste’ defect. Washed coffee was characterized by smooth, fruity, cocoa notes, and was negatively correlated with rough mouthfeel, tobacco, and leather flavors. The Pulped and Washed method had significantly higher germination success after four months of storage. The processing method influenced caffeine concentration in green beans, depending on the genotype, while trigonelline levels varied significantly between genotypes but not between processing methods. The grouping of the metabolite profiles of roasted coffee and green beans was consistent with their genetic background rather than the processing method. Overall, we demonstrate that genotype plays a significant role in mediating the outcomes of different processing methods.
The Study on the Frequency Evolution of Pulsar Radiation Heights
Authors: Luo ChaoXin , Xu Xin , Du ChangRong , QiJun Zhi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We have investigated the multi-frequency radiation altitudes for 104 pulsars collected with multi-frequency observational data from the European Pulsar Network (EPN) and the Australian Telescope National Facility (ATNF), complemented by published literature data. We found that the evolution of radiation altitudes with frequency for the majority of pulsars can be fitted using a power-law function with a constant. In this work, it is found that the frequency evolution of pulsar radiation heights can be divided into three groups according to their different frequency dependencies of radiation heights, radiation altitude decreases with frequency(Group A, η < −0.1), keeps relatively constant with frequency(Group B, −0.1 < η < 0.1), and increases with frequency(Group C, η > 0.1), where η is the radiation height variation rate. We also computed the radiation altitudes across multiple frequency bands for these pulsars and consequently estimated the approximate location of the pulsar radiation region. We found that most pulsar radiation occurs at altitudes of tens to hundreds of kilometers above the polar cap, with differences in radiation heights between the three groups becoming more pronounced at lower frequencies.
Direct Heterogeneous Integration of Molybdenum Disulfide via Spin-on Molecular Chemistry
Authors: Balushi Zakaria Al , Im Healin , Gupta Ayush , Lu David , Buckingham Mark , Ma Ke , Nemsak Slavomir , Higashitarumizu Naoki , Rahman I K M Reaz , Liang Jiayun , Wan Jiawei , Herrera Joshua , Ward-O'Brien Brendan , Swindle Joshua , Spickermann Ellis , Ma Xiaohan , Wu Zili , Wang Ke , Duin Adri Van , Nayir Nadire , Zheng Haimei , Javey Ali , Sherburne Matthew , Lewis David , Long Jeffrey 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), are emerging as key materials for next-generation electronics, addressing challenges in the miniaturization of silicon-based technologies. Despite progress in scaling-up 2D materials, integrating them into functional devices remains challenging, particularly in the context of three-dimensional integration. Here, we present a scalable method for growing high-quality mono- to few-layer MoS2 on large wafers using a spin-on precursor, molybdenum ethyl xanthate. This approach facilitates the formation of a metastable amorphous molybdenum trisulfide phase, which we can then be leveraged for direct heterogeneous integration. We thoroughly investigate the growth dynamics and associated versatile features using comprehensive characterization, reactive force-field molecular dynamics simulations, and Density Functional Theory. Our method allows precise control over film thickness, grain size, and defect density, yielding wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 with reliable optical properties comparable to as-exfoliated samples. Additionally, we achieve area-selective formation of MoS2 and the direct deposition of sub-5 nm high-k oxides using atomic layer deposition, without the need for seeding or surface functionalization. This process enables the fabrication of complex superlattice structures, top-gated FETs, and memristor devices, all from a single-source chemistry. Our findings highlight the versatility of spin-on metal xanthate chemistries for the synthesis and integration of transition metal dichalcogenides, paving the way for advanced nanoscale fabrication processes and enhancing the commercial viability of 2D materials in electronics.
The genetic architecture of brainstem structures
Authors: Yu Chunshui , Xue Hui , Fu Jilian , Geng Zuojun , Cheng Jingliang , Wang Meiyun , Zhang Long Jiang , Cui Guangbin , Yu Yongqiang , Liao Weihua , Zhang Hui , Gao Bo , Xu Xiaojun , Han Tong , Yao Zhenwei , Zhang Quan , Qin Wen , Liu Feng , Liang Meng , Wang Sijia , Xu Qiang , Xu Jiayuan , Wang Caihong , Liu Nana , Ji Yuan , Zhang Peng , Li Wei , Wei Wei , Shi Dapeng , Lui Su , Yan Zhihan , Chen Feng , Zhang Jing , Shen Wen , Miao Yanwei , Wang Dawei , Gao Jia-Hong , Yang Yunjun , Xu Kai , Xian Junfang , Zhang Bing , Zhang Xiaochu , Zuo Xi-Nian , Li Mulin Jun , Ye Zhaoxiang , Qiu Shijun , Zhu Wenzhen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The brainstem contains numerous nuclei and tracts with vital functions. Genome-wide associations with brainstem substructure volumes are explored in European individuals, however other ancestries are under-represented. Here, we conducted the cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analyses in 72,717 individuals for brainstem and 48,522 for eight substructure volumes, including 7,096 Chinese Han individuals. We identified 122 genetic loci associated with brainstem and substructure volumes at P < 5.56 ×10− 9, including 46 new loci. Three associations had different effect sizes and 292 associations had similar effect sizes between ancestries. We prioritized 550 genes for these brainstem volumetric traits, primarily enriching for neural development. We identified the shared and distinct genetic loci, genes, and pathways for midbrain, pons, and medulla volumes, and the shared genetic architectures with brainstem-related neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions. The results provide new insight into genetic architectures of brainstem and substructure volumes and their genetic associations with brainstem physiologies and pathologies.
Beyond Text Generation: Assessing Large Language Models' Ability to Follow Rules and Reason Logically
Authors: Han Zhiyong , Battaglia Fortunato , Mansuria Kush , Heyman Yoav , Terlecky Stanley R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The growing interest in advanced large language models (LLMs) has sparked debate about how best to use them to enhance human productivities, including teaching and learning outcomes. However, a neglected issue in the debate concerning the applications of LLMs is whether these chatbots can follow strict rules and use reason to solve problems in novel contexts. To address this knowledge gap, we investigate the ability of five LLMs (ChatGPT-4o, Claude, Gemini, Meta AI, and Mistral) to solve and create word ladder puzzles to assess their rule-adherence and logical reasoning capabilities. Our two-phase methodology involves: 1) explicit instruction and word ladder puzzle-solving tasks to evaluate rule understanding, followed by 2) assessing LLMs' ability to create and solve word ladder puzzles while adhering to rules. Additionally, we test their ability to implicitly recognize and avoid HIPAA privacy rule violations in a real-world scenario. Our findings reveal that while LLMs can articulate the rules of word ladder puzzles and generate examples, they systematically fail to apply these rules and use logical reasoning in practice. Notably, all LLMs except Claude prioritized task completion (text writing) over ethical considerations in the HIPAA test. Our findings expose critical flaws in LLMs' rule-following and reasoning capabilities and therefore raise concerns about their reliability in tasks requiring strict rule-following and logical reasoning. We urge caution when integrating LLMs into critical fields, including education, and highlight the need for further research into their capabilities and limitations to ensure responsible AI development.
Annulate Lamellae biogenesis is essential for nuclear pore function
Authors: Sumara Izabela , Lin Junyan , Agote-Arán Arantxa , Liao Yongrong , Schoch Rafael , Ronchi Paolo , Cochard Victor , Zhu Rui , Kleiss Charlotte , Ruff Marc , Chevreux Guillaume , Schwab Yannick , Klaholz Bruno 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), large protein assemblies embedded into the nuclear envelope (NE), are crucial for bidirectional transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm, a process often disrupted in human diseases. Besides their presence within the NE, NPCs are also found in stacked cytoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes called annulate lamellae (AL)1,2. Despite being discovered in the mid-20th century3, the function and biogenesis mechanisms of AL have remained largely mysterious. While AL were thought to be restricted to germ, embryonic and malignant cells4–12, we find that AL also exist in the cytoplasm of somatic cells under normal physiological conditions and that they can expand upon specific stimuli. We show that AL merge with the NE, supplying the nucleus with new pores which maintains nuclear pore function and nuclear growth during early interphase. NPC protein RanBP2 (Nup358) and ER-associated Climp63 (CKAP4) trigger AL assembly and their NE-integration. The N-terminal phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeats of RanBP2 drive the oligomerization of Y-complexes (the NPC outer ring units), and AL-NPCs formation and Climp63 ensures the localization of AL-NPCs to ER sheets and their fusion with the nucleus. These findings uncover a fundamental mechanism of AL biogenesis and highlight the critical role of cytosolic NPCs in the nuclear function and mammalian cellular homeostasis.
Nonlocal Electrical Detection of Reciprocal Orbital Edelstein Effect
Authors: Otani Yoshichika , Gao Weiguang , Liao Liyang , Isshiki Hironari , Kim Junyeon , Go Dongwook , Mokrousov Yuriy , Lee Kyung-Jin , Lee Hyun-Woo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Spin-Orbitronics leverages the spin and orbital degrees of freedom in solids for information processing1,2. The orbital Edelstein effect3–5 and orbital Hall effect1,6–9, where the charge current induces a nonequilibrium orbital angular momentum, offer a promising method to manipulate nanomagnets efficiently using light elements1,4–8. Despite extensive research, understanding the Onsager reciprocity of orbital transport—fundamentally rooted in the second law of thermodynamics and time-reversal symmetry—remains elusive. In this study, we experimentally test the Onsager reciprocity of orbital transport in an orbital Edelstein system4,10–12 by utilizing nonlocal measurements13–23. This method enables the precise identification of the chemical potential generated by orbital accumulation, avoiding the limitations associated with local measurements. Remarkably, we observe that the direct and inverse orbital-charge conversion processes produce identical electric voltages, confirming Onsager reciprocity in orbital transport. Additionally, we find that the orbital decay length, approximately 100 nm at room temperature, is independent of Cu thickness and decreases with lowering temperature, revealing a distinct contrast to spin transport behavior15. Our findings provide valuable insights into both the reciprocity of the charge-orbital interconversion and the nonlocal correlation of orbital degree of freedom, laying the ground for orbitronics devices with long-range interconnections.
Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reforms Have Grown More Fragile Since the Paris Conference
Authors: Ross Michael , Mahdavi Paasha , Simoni Evelyn 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The 2015 Paris Climate Agreement led many countries to make ambitious pledges
of policy reform, including to reduce subsidies for fossil fuels. Yet it is unclear
whether these reforms have been implemented, with prior studies showing conflicting
results. We collect original monthly data on the 21 countries with the largest
gasoline subsidies in the pre-Paris period and evaluate their post-Paris reforms.
After Paris there was an increase in the frequency and ambition of reforms but
a drop in their durability: just 30 percent of the reforms survived for 12 months,
and only 9 percent survived for 36 months. As a result, subsidies rose for 12
countries in our sample and were virtually unchanged in the other 9. Our results
suggest that countries have made little progress toward reducing subsidies since
the Paris Agreement. It also raises questions about the effectiveness of recent
strategies for reducing fossil fuel subsidies.
Real-World Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Chatbots for Providing Sexual Health Information: A Consensus Study Using Clinical Queries
Authors: Latt Phyu Mon , Aung Ei T. , Htaik Kay , Soe Nyi N. , Lee David , King Alicia J , Fortune Ria , Ong Jason J , Chow Eric P F , Bradshaw Catriona S , Rahman Rashidur , Deneen Matthew , Dobinson Sheranne , Randall Claire , Zhang Lei , Fairley Christopher K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots could potentially provide information on sensitive topics, including sexual health, to the public. However, their performance compared to human clinicians and across different AI chatbots, particularly in the field of sexual health, remains understudied. This study evaluated the performance of three AI chatbots - two prompt-tuned (Alice and Azure) and one standard chatbot (ChatGPT by OpenAI) - in providing sexual health information, compared to human clinicians.
Methods
We analysed 195 anonymised sexual health questions received by the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre phone line. A panel of experts in a blinded order using a consensus-based approach evaluated responses to these questions from nurses and the three AI chatbots. Performance was assessed based on overall correctness and five specific measures: guidance, accuracy, safety, ease of access, and provision of necessary information. We conducted subgroup analyses for clinic-specific (e.g., opening hours) and general sexual health questions and a sensitivity analysis excluding questions that Azure could not answer.
Results
Alice demonstrated the highest overall correctness (85.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 82.1%-88.0%), followed by Azure (69.3%; 95% CI, 65.3%-73.0%) and ChatGPT (64.8%; 95% CI, 60.7%-68.7%). Prompt-tuned chatbots outperformed the base ChatGPT across all measures. Azure achieved the highest safety score (97.9%; 95% CI, 96.4%-98.9%), indicating the lowest risk of providing potentially harmful advice. In subgroup analysis, all chatbots performed better on general sexual health questions compared to clinic-specific queries. Sensitivity analysis showed a narrower performance gap between Alice and Azure when excluding questions Azure could not answer.
Conclusions
Prompt-tuned AI chatbots demonstrated superior performance in providing sexual health information compared to base ChatGPT, with high safety scores particularly noteworthy. However, all AI chatbots showed susceptibility to generating incorrect information. These findings suggest the potential for AI chatbots as adjuncts to human healthcare providers for providing sexual health information while highlighting the need for continued refinement and human oversight. Future research should focus on larger-scale evaluations and real-world implementations.
Optimizing Positive Content Generation in Prompt-based Abstractive Summarization with Large Language Models
Authors: Monafal Victor , Patterson Lawrence , Petrov Augustus , Robertson Nicholas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The increasing demand for automated summarization systems that can generate content with not only factual accuracy but also emotional alignment has led to significant interest in developing models that can control both tone and content coherence. Introducing a novel approach to fine-tuning text generation models, this work focuses on the use of prompt engineering to steer output toward positive sentiment while preserving the essential elements of the source text. By combining sentiment-aware prompts with an iterative fine-tuning process, the model successfully balances the requirements of factual fidelity and emotional tone, producing summaries that are not only accurate but also aligned with user-specified emotional guidelines. Quantitative evaluations using ROUGE and BLEU scores, alongside sentiment analysis and diversity metrics, confirm that sentiment control enhances the linguistic richness and positivity of the generated summaries. Furthermore, the experiments reveal the trade-offs involved in maintaining content fidelity while steering tone, highlighting the importance of prompt design in managing these competing priorities.
Queen Bee characteristics among female leaders in UK finance and the underrepresentation of women in senior roles.
Authors: Babafemi Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Researchers have long needed clarification on the continued underrepresentation of women in senior leadership roles in the United Kingdom finance sector. This study seeks to determine if the concept of the Queen Bee is still relevant to this subject. The study adopted a qualitative feminist methodology and collected data during interviews with 14 female leaders in Finance. The data showed that the women leaders did not regard themselves as Queen Bees. In general, they did not engage in negative behaviours towards other females. However, at times, they did exhibit the characteristics of a Queen Been. They tended to support other females, but their support was inconsistent because they held opinions similar to Queen Bees. Women leaders in Finance, because of some of their negative leadership traits, are not doing enough to support other women, and at times, they are reinforcing some gendered barriers and creating environments that do not support females’ advancement. The study found that the concept of the Queen Bee remains relevant to female underrepresentation in the workplace. Strategies should be implemented to rectify this and create more inclusive workspaces necessary for wellness and the flourishing of females in Finance.