bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE FORMATION AND DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION OF YOUNG STAR CLUSTERS
Authors: Fujii M. S. , Zwart S. Portegies 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent observations have revealed a variety of young star clusters, including embedded systems, young massive clusters, and associations. We study the formation and dynamical evolution of these clusters using a combination of simulations and theoretical models. Our simulations start with a turbulent molecular cloud that collapses under its own gravity. The stars are assumed to form in the densest regions in the collapsing cloud after an initial free-fall time of the molecular cloud. The dynamical evolution of these stellar distributions is continued by means of direct N-body simulations. The molecular clouds typical of the Milky Way Galaxy tend to form embedded clusters that evolve to resemble open clusters. The associations were initially considerably more clumpy, but they lost their irregularity in about a dynamical timescale, due to the relaxation process. The densest molecular clouds, which are absent in the Milky Way but are typical in starburst galaxies, form massive, young star clusters. They indeed are rare in the Milky Way. Our models indicate a distinct evolutionary path from molecular clouds to open clusters and associations or to massive star clusters. The mass–radius relation for both types of evolutionary tracks excellently matches the observations. According to our calculations, the time evolution of the half-mass–radius relation for open clusters and associations follows

, whereas for massive star clusters

. Both trends are consistent with the observed age–mass–radius relation for clusters in the Milky Way.
ROLE OF NUCLEONIC FERMI SURFACE DEPLETION IN NEUTRON STAR COOLING
Authors: Dong J. M. , Lombardo U. , Zhang H. F. , Zuo W. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The Fermi surface depletion of beta-stable nuclear matter is calculated to study its effects on several physical properties that determine the neutron star (NS) thermal evolution. The neutron and proton Z factors measuring the corresponding Fermi surface depletions are calculated within the Brueckner–Hartree–Fock approach, employing the AV18 two-body force supplemented by a microscopic three-body force. Neutrino emissivity, heat capacity, and in particular neutron 3
PF
2 superfluidity, turn out to be reduced, especially at high baryonic density, to such an extent that the cooling rates of young NSs are significantly slowed.
Combined Cognitive-Strategy and Task-Specific Training Affects Cognition and Upper-Extremity Function in Subacute Stroke: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wolf Timothy J. , Polatajko Helene , Baum Carolyn , Rios Jorge , Cirone Dianne , Doherty Meghan , McEwen Sara 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO–OP) compared with usual occupational therapy on upper-extremity movement, cognitive flexibility, and stroke impact in people less than 3 mo after stroke. An exploratory, single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with people referred to outpatient occupational therapy services at two rehabilitation centers. Arm movement was measured with the Action Research Arm Test, cognitive flexibility with the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making subtest, and stroke impact with subscales of the Stroke Impact Scale. A total of 35 participants were randomized, and 26 completed the intervention. CO–OP demonstrated measurable effects over usual care on all measures. These data provide early support for the use of CO–OP to improve performance and remediate cognitive and arm movement impairments after stroke over usual care; however, future study is warranted to confirm the effects observed in this trial.
Survey of College Personnel: Preparedness to Serve Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Glennon Tara J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study explored the perceptions, preparedness, and practices of college personnel regarding support for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
METHOD. Members of the Association on Higher Education and Disability were invited to complete an online survey in 2012. The survey gathered data on training level, understanding of student needs, and supports provided to students with ASD in the areas of academic transitional situations, social activities, sensory needs, attention and organization, self-advocacy and self-disclosure, and emotional regulation.
RESULTS. Of the 315 respondents who completed the survey, 94% were involved in designing needed supports for students with ASD. Of those involved in designing needed supports, 55% indicated the need for additional information and 63% indicated that their institution struggled with outlining the supports needed and would have liked to know more about how to support these students.
CONCLUSION. Opportunities exist for occupational therapy collaboration, consultation, case management, and direct intervention to support college students with ASD.
Efficacy of Compression Gloves in Maintaining Edema Reductions After Application of Compression Bandaging to the Stroke-Affected Upper Limb
Authors: Gustafsson Louise , Patterson Elizabeth , Marshall Kathryn , Bennett Sally , Bower Kylie 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We explored the efficacy of compression gloves in maintaining the benefits gained from compression bandaging of the stroke-affected upper limb.
METHOD. Four participants completed a single-case (ABC) design study consisting of a baseline period (Phase A) and compression bandaging of the hand and upper limb (Phase B), followed by the application of a compression glove (Phase C). Edema was measured with circumferential tape at five specified points from the phalanx to the midforearm. All measurements were represented graphically for visual analysis, and celeration lines were calculated to indicate the degree of slope within each phase.
RESULTS. Visual analysis indicated fluctuating edema volume during Phase A, decreasing edema volume during Phase B, and a mixed trend during Phase C.
CONCLUSION. Compression gloves had mixed benefits in managing reductions in edema volume poststroke. Further research may consider the material, sizing, and style of glove in the development of a maintenance strategy.
Healing Potential of the Cartilage Correlates with Location on the Femoral Head: A Basic Research Using a Rabbit Model
Authors: Yamasaki Takuma , Yasunaga Yuji , Oshima Seigo , Ochi Mitsuo 
Published: January 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate whether healing potential of the femoral cartilage differs according to the site of injury in a rabbit, and whether poor potential of the cartilage repair correlates with the injured site which is not in contact with acetabulum. Furthermore, the efficacy of intraarticular injection of hyaluronic acid into the hip for the cartilage with lower healing potential was evaluated. Methods Male Japanese white rabbits were used in this study. Via the posterolateral approach, the articular capsule was incised and a 4 × 4 mm chondral defect was made at the load-bearing area (group A) or at head-neck junction (group B), and intraarticular injection of hyaluronic acid was performed to the group B model (group C). Results In group A, histological evaluation at 8 weeks revealed that the chondral defect was filled with cartilaginous tissue. However, in group B, the chondral defect was not filled with any tissue and subchondral bone was exposed. In group C, the defect was filled with synovial-like tissue, and smooth surface was reacquired macroscopically. According to the ICRS score, significant differences were detected between group A and group B, group A and group C, and group B and group C. There were no differences in the radiographic findings among the 3 groups. Conclusions The cartilage at head-neck junction of the femoral head had poorer healing potential than that at load-bearing area. Administration of HA could be promising for preventing progression of cartilage degeneration even at head-neck junction.
A Case for Reverse Incorporation of Academic Legal Scholarship into Conflict Management Studies
Authors: de Roo Annie 
Published: January 2016

A Case for Reverse Incorporation of Academic Legal Scholarship into Conflict Management Studies
The article takes as its point of departure some of the author’s multidisciplinary projects. Special attention is given to the question of whether the disciplines united in the various research team members already constituted a kind of ‘inter-discipline’, through which a single object was studied. The issue of how the disciplinary orientations of the research team members occasionally clashed, on methodological issues, is also addressed.The outcomes of these and similar multidisciplinary research projects are followed back into legal practice and academic legal scholarship to uncover whether an incorporation problem indeed exists. Here, special attention will be given to policy recommendations and notably proposals for new legislation. After all, according to Van Dijck et al., the typical role model for legal researchers working from an internal perspective on the law is the legislator.The author concludes by making a somewhat bold case for reverse incorporation, that is, the need for (traditional) academic legal research to become an integral part of a more encompassing (inter-)discipline, referred to here as ‘conflict management studies’. Key factors that will contribute to the rise of such a broad (inter-)discipline are the changes that currently permeate legal practice (the target audience of traditional legal research) and the changes in the overall financing of academic research itself (with special reference to the Netherlands).
Huawei/ZTE; het Hof van Justitie herstelt de balans bij handhaving van standaard-essentiële octrooien
Authors: Kuipers D.P. 
Published: January 2016

Huawei/ZTE; het Hof van Justitie herstelt de balans bij handhaving van standaard-essentiële octrooien
Op 16 juli 2015 heeft het Hof van Justitie de prejudiciële vragen van een Duitse rechtbank beantwoord in de zaak Huawei/ZTE. In die zaak lag de vraag voor of de houder van een zogenoemd Standaard Essentieel Octrooi (SEO) misbruik maakt van een economische machtspositie wanneer hij zich in rechte verzet tegen gebruik van zijn octrooi door een derde die de betreffende standaard toepast zonder daarvoor een licentie van de octrooihouder te hebben verkregen. Het arrest is gewezen naar aanleiding van prejudiciële vragen van het Landgericht Düsseldorf waar de twee Chinese producenten van (mobiele) telecomapparatuur, Huawei en ZTE, een octrooigeschil uitvechten.HvJ 16 juli 2015, zaak C-170/13, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd/ZTE Corp. en ZTE Deutschland GmbH, ECLI:EU:C:2015:477
Social Interaction Test between a Rat and a Robot: A Pilot Study
Authors: del Angel Ortiz Rusalky , Contreras Carlos M. , Gutiérrez-Garcia Ana G. , González Montes Fernando M. 
Published: January 2016

The social interaction test is based on spontaneous behaviour observed between pairs of animals, usually rodents. Commonly, the behaviour of one of the members in the dyad is related to the behaviour of its partner; therefore, making accurate predictions about behaviour is difficult, and the behaviour of the dyad cannot be controlled. In the present study, we programmed an e-puck robot with simple behavioural patterns, such as moving around a cage and following and approaching a rat. The results were analysed by comparing behaviour that was displayed by two groups of experimental rats towards different types of partners: (i) in the first group of experimental rats, they interacted with another group of rats and (ii) in the second group of experimental rats, they interacted with the e-puck robot. Our aim was to study the behaviour of experimental rats in the social interaction test when the interaction partner is a pre-programmed robot, in order to find out whether a rat is able to display social interaction activities in that context. Those activities were evaluated by a structured scheme of possible behaviours, quantified in categories according to currently well-accepted nomenclature and definitions. In order to achieve this goal, we compared the social and non-social behaviour displayed by the experimental rat in rat-rat and rat-robot interactions (such as approaching and following behaviour). We observed predominantly non-social behaviours, such as exploring the cage, when the experimental rats confronted either another rat or the robot. The experimental rats displayed similar periods of approaching, sniffing and crawling (social behaviour), exploring, being quiet, self-grooming and evading (non-social behaviour) in encountering both the rat and the robot. However, in the presence of the robot, the experimental rats displayed long periods of time spent in following, in contrast to short periods of immobility. In the present study, we explored a behavioural repertoire that was classified into the social and the non-social, in which the robot was usually able to elicit social behaviour from the rat. The results of our experiments open possibilities for additional studies on social interaction in robot-live rat dyads (e.g., in predator-prey models).
Antenatal care and uptake of HIV testing among pregnant women in sub‐Saharan Africa: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gunn Jayleen K L , Asaolu Ibitola O , Center Katherine E , Gibson Steven J , Wightman Patrick , Ezeanolue Echezona E , Ehiri John E 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionCurrent guidelines recommend inclusion of HIV testing in routine screening tests for all pregnant women. For this reason, antenatal care (ANC) represents a vital component of efforts to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. To elucidate the relationship between ANC services and HIV testing among pregnant women in sub‐Saharan Africa, we undertook an analysis of data from four countries.MethodsFour countries (Congo, Mozambique, Nigeria and Uganda) were purposively selected to represent unique geographical regions of sub‐Saharan Africa. Using Demographic and Health Survey datasets, weighted crude and adjusted logistic regression models were used to explore factors that influenced HIV testing as part of ANC services. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Arizona.ResultsPooled results showed that 60.7% of women received HIV testing as part of ANC. Ugandan women had the highest rate of HIV testing as part of ANC (81.5%) compared with women in Mozambique (69.4%), Nigeria (54.4%) and Congo (45.4%). Difficulty reaching a health facility was a barrier in Congo and Mozambique but not Nigeria or Uganda. HIV testing rates were lower in rural areas, among the poorest women, the least educated and those with limited knowledge of HIV. In every country, crude regression analyses showed higher odds of being tested for HIV if women received their ANC services from a skilled attendant compared with an unskilled attendant. After adjusting for confounders, women in the total sample had 1.78 (99% CI: 1.45–2.18) times the odds of having an HIV test as part of their ANC if they went to a skilled attendant compared with an unskilled attendant.ConclusionsThere is a need for integration of HIV testing into routine ANC service to increase opportunities for PMTCT programmes to reach HIV‐positive pregnant women. Attention should be paid to the expansion of outreach services for women in rural settings, and to the training, supervision and integration of unskilled attendants into formal maternal and child health programmes. Education of pregnant women and their communities is needed to increase HIV knowledge and reduce HIV stigma.
Room temperature bonding of SiO2 and SiO2 by surface activated bonding method using Si ultrathin films
Authors: Utsumi Jun , Ide Kensuke , Ichiyanagi Yuko 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The bonding of metal electrodes and insulator hybrid interfaces is one of the key techniques in three-dimensional integration technology. Metal materials such as Cu or Al are easily directly bonded by surface activated bonding at room temperature, but insulator materials such as SiO2 or SiN are not. Using only Si ultrathin films, we propose a new bonding technique for SiO2/SiO2 bonding at room temperature. Two SiO2 surfaces, on which Si thin films were deposited, were contacted in vacuum. We confirmed that the thickness of the layer was about 7 nm by transmission electron microscopy observation and that the layer was non crystalline by electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis. No metal material was found in the bonding interface by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The surface energy was about 1 J/m2, and the bonding strength was more than 25 MPa. This bonding technique was successfully realized to enable SiO2/SiO2 bonding without a metal adhesion layer.
Sea surface temperature from the new Japanese geostationary meteorological Himawari‐8 satellite
Authors: Kurihara Yukio , Murakami Hiroshi , Kachi Misako 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHimawari‐8 is a new geostationary meteorological satellite operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). The Earth Observation Research Center of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency in collaboration with the JMA produces skin sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from Himawari‐8 data. A new quasi‐physical algorithm was used to calculate SSTs. Cloud screening based on the Bayesian inference method was used to detect cloudy pixels. Himawari‐8 SSTs from June to September 2015 were compared with drifting and tropical moored buoy data. This comparison showed a root‐mean‐square difference of ∼0.59 K and a bias of ∼−0.16 K against the buoy data. Positive and variable biases were found in seas along the viewing boundaries.
Intense energetic electron flux enhancements in Mercury's magnetosphere: An integrated view with high‐resolution observations from MESSENGER
Authors: Baker Daniel N. , Dewey Ryan M. , Lawrence David J. , Goldsten John O. , Peplowski Patrick N. , Korth Haje , Slavin James A. , Krimigis Stamatios M. , Anderson Brian J. , Ho George C. , McNutt Ralph L. , Raines Jim M. , Schriver David , Solomon Sean C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission to Mercury has provided a wealth of new data about energetic particle phenomena. With observations from MESSENGER's Energetic Particle Spectrometer, as well as data arising from energetic electrons recorded by the X‐Ray Spectrometer and Gamma‐Ray and Neutron Spectrometer (GRNS) instruments, recent work greatly extends our record of the acceleration, transport, and loss of energetic electrons at Mercury. The combined data sets include measurements from a few keV up to several hundred keV in electron kinetic energy and have permitted relatively good spatial and temporal resolution for many events. We focus here on the detailed nature of energetic electron bursts measured by the GRNS system, and we place these events in the context of solar wind and magnetospheric forcing at Mercury. Our examination of data at high temporal resolution (10 ms) during the period March 2013 through October 2014 supports strongly the view that energetic electrons are accelerated in the near‐tail region of Mercury's magnetosphere and are subsequently “injected” onto closed magnetic field lines on the planetary nightside. The electrons populate the plasma sheet and drift rapidly eastward toward the dawn and prenoon sectors, at times executing multiple complete drifts around the planet to form “quasi‐trapped” populations.
The tectonic history of the Niğde‐Kırşehir Massif and the Taurides since the Late Mesozoic: Paleomagnetic evidence for two‐phase orogenic curvature in Central Anatolia
Authors: Çinku Mualla Cengiz , Hisarli Z. Mümtaz , Yılmaz Yücel , Ülker Beyza , Kaya Nurcan , Öksüm Erdinç , Orbay Naci , Özbey Zeynep Üçtaş 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Niğde‐Kırşehir Massif, known also as the Central Anatolian Block, is bordered by the sutures of the Neotethys Ocean. The massif suffered several deformation phases during and after the consumption of the surrounding oceans and the postcollisional events of the continental pieces of Anatolia in latest Cretaceous to Miocene. Previous paleomagnetic studies on the Niğde‐Kırşehir Massif and its surroundings displayed either insufficient data or have claimed large rotations and/or remagnetization. In order to understand the tectonic history of the Niğde‐Kırşehir Massif and its adjacent blocks we have sampled 147 different sites in the age range of Upper Jurassic to Miocene from the Niğde‐Kırşehir Massif throughout its W/SW and E/SE boundaries and the central‐southeastern Taurides. The results display that except the limestones in central Taurides, all rocks examined carry a primary magnetization. Among these an important finding is that rotations between the massif and the central‐eastern Taurides indicate an oroclinal bending with counterclockwise rotation of R = 41.1° ± 7.6° in the SE and clockwise rotation of R = 45.9° ± 9.3° in the central Taurides from Upper Cretaceous rocks with respect to the African reference direction. Paleomagnetic rotations in the SE Taurides are compatible with the vergent direction of the thrusts generated from consumption of the Intra‐Tauride Ocean prior to postcollisional convergence between Taurides and the massif. In the central Taurides it has been shown that the clockwise rotation of 45.9 ± 9.3 started in Middle Eocene, because of a remagnetization in Upper Cretaceous limestones. The deformation was linked to the final closure of the southern Neotethys and the collision between the African and Eurasian plates. In the Niğde‐Kırşehir Massif counterclockwise rotation up to 25.5° ± 7.3° is recognized during Middle Eocene and interpreted in terms of block rotation together with the Taurides. After the Miocene a counterclockwise rotation of 16.8° ± 3.9° along the Eastern Taurides shows that this area was mostly affected by the westward movement of Anatolia despite the Niğde‐Kırşehir Massif and its SW/W area—the central Taurides—which is recognized as stable with counterclockwise rotation less than 10°.
Two‐phase convective CO2 dissolution in saline aquifers
Authors: Martinez M. J. , Hesse M. A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGeologic carbon storage in deep saline aquifers is a promising technology for reducing anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere. Dissolution of injected CO2 into resident brines is one of the primary trapping mechanisms generally considered necessary to provide long‐term storage security. Given that diffusion of CO2 in brine is woefully slow, convective dissolution, driven by a small increase in brine density with CO2 saturation, is considered to be the primary mechanism of dissolution trapping. Previous studies of convective dissolution have typically only considered the convective process in the single‐phase region below the capillary transition zone and have either ignored the overlying two‐phase region where dissolution actually takes place or replaced it with a virtual region with reduced or enhanced constant permeability. Our objective is to improve estimates of the long‐term dissolution flux of CO2 into brine by including the capillary transition zone in two‐phase model simulations. In the fully two‐phase model, there is a capillary transition zone above the brine‐saturated region over which the brine saturation decreases with increasing elevation. Our two‐phase simulations show that the dissolution flux obtained by assuming a brine‐saturated, single‐phase porous region with a closed upper boundary is recovered in the limit of vanishing entry pressure and capillary transition zone. For typical finite entry pressures and capillary transition zone, however, convection currents penetrate into the two‐phase region. This removes the mass transfer limitation of the diffusive boundary layer and enhances the convective dissolution flux of CO2 more than 3 times above the rate assuming single‐phase conditions.