bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a New and Viscosity Independent Autonomous Inflow Control System
Authors: Rinde Trygve , Killie Rune , Lager Totte , Solberg Tron , Bakli Mikkel , Grüner Vegar 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Breakthroughs of water and/or gas in production wells may have direct consequences for the production rates and overall field recovery factors. Multiple technologies have recently been developed to autonomously control inflow from the reservoir. Common to all these technologies is that new limitations are introduced which may have a negative impact on the well. This paper presents the design process for the next generation inflow control system and introduces new requirements for such completions.
Traditional Passive Inflow Control Devices (ICD) are designed to act in a preventive manner by setting up a somewhat more even inflow profile along the reservoir section and thereby delay the breakthrough of gas or water. More recently, several new initiatives have been presented which will operate autonomously and try to choke back unwanted production. Common to all these technologies is that viscosity differences are used to identify the flowing fluid phases. Viscosity differences between the reservoir fluids are therefore mandatory for these to work.
In this work the design process has been given an operational focus and the following requirements for the next generation autonomous inflow control devices have been defined: easy to install as an integrated part of the downhole completionrobust in design and functionalitysecures complete clean-up of mud and completion fluidsindependent of fluid viscositynegligible pressure drop during normal productionallows back-flow of fluids
In this paper a new design is proposed for the next generation autonomous inflow control valve which is independent on differences in fluid viscosities. The proposed valve blocks, or restricts, production of unwanted water or gas, and re-opens for production if oil comes back. It can be designed to stop water/gas production at a predetermined WC/GOR. Furthermore, the valve ensures efficient clean-up along the full length of the reservoir section and is insensitive to exposure to mud, particles and filtercake. The valve will not restrict any future well operations and can be designed with a fail-safe option.
The new design of autonomous inflow control systems represents a great technological improvement which will ensure robust, economical and fail safe design as well as removal of typical operational envelopes necessary for traditional technologies.
New Phase Transformation Fluid Based Loss Circulation Material: Hi-Strength, Year Round Use to Cure Severe to Total Loss in Reservoir and Non Reservoir Sections
Authors: Yadav Prahlad , Sarmah Pranjal , Jadhav Prakash , Agrawal Gaurav , Kosander Balraj , Tawat Najeeb Al , Addagalla Ajay 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Loss zones are present all over the Arabian Peninsula geology. A fluid loss event not only causes non-productive time but also significantly increases the overall operations cost. With this motivation, we developed a completely new solution that is recommended for partial to total losses situations and useable year round for all zones including the reservoir section. This paper presents the science behind this new phase transformation fluid technology.
The new loss circulation material (LCM) was designed to be pumped easily, achieve thixotropic behavior under down-hole conditions resisting LCM from losing in thief zone prior to getting it set as a rigid plug with high compressive strength. This fluid phase transforming behavior is a result of pseudo-crosslink chemistry which differentiate this system from other commonly available solutions which are resin based or uses fibers or other network creating additives. Selective use of chemistry and additives used in the formulations changes the phase of fluid from easily flowable (allow pumpability using normally available surface equipment) to a thixotropic gel (to aid particulate carrying), from a low viscosity (enable formation entry) to a final hi-strength set material.
Thixotropy could be customized by varying the salt concentration. Salt tolerance gives the formulation compatibility with sea water. Thus LCM could be formulated with fresh water or the sea water. Fluid which is easily pumpable phase transforms to thixotropic fluid which helps carry the particulate content to the target zones. Customized setting control additive concentration ensures that LCM does not prematurely setup. Finally a high compressive strength solid plug is formed which can withstand the losses of fluids to the formation. High strength above 500 psi was measured.
This LCM is a fit for purpose technology with over 90% acid solubility which favors its use in reservoir section to minimize formation damage. If needed, LCM could be cleaned up using post-job acid flush.
Risk Based Statistical Approach to Predict Casing Leaks
Authors: Al-Ajmi Mohammed D. , Al-Shehri Dhafer , Al-Hajri Nasser M. , Mishkes Abdullrahman T , Al-Hajri Muhammad A. , Al-Shammari Nayef S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper will present a statistical risk based approach to proactively predict casing leaks using Electromagnetic (EM) corrosion logs. The corrosion growth of downhole casing hotspots (areas likely to develop casing damage) is monitored to develop expectancy calculations of a typical well's remaining life.
Currently the predominant technology used for casing integrity measurement and monitoring are the EM corrosion logging tools. While this technology has provided a step-change in the ability to measure and monitor corrosion, the findings are not usually conclusive and need to be integrated with other data to make qualitative assessment. This is largely due to the nature of the tool's output where averaging is used to assess metal loss rather than direct measurement of the spot where metal loss is taking place. In other words, 50% average metal loss could mean a failure if one part of the casing is completely gone and the other is intact; or 50% metal loss is distributed evenly across the 360 degree circumference of a casing with no leak. This wide range of possibilities and uncertainty has made it extremely challenging to both interpret and analyze EM corrosion logging data. Establishing consistent criteria to classify the corrosion severity and confidently decide on the need to workover the well or not is a challenge to all field operators worldwide.
A probabilistic approach was introduced to improve EM corrosion logs' data interpretation. More than five hundred data points were collected and statistically analyzed to build a probability of failure model as a function of EM average metal thickness loss. These models were used to delineate a dynamic safe window of the average metal loss value across multiple casings.
Synthetic Iron Sulfide Scale and Polymeric Scale Dissolvers
Authors: Hafiz Taher , Hoegerl Manuel , AlSuwaij Ahmed , Almathami Abdulaziz 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Iron sulfide scale challenges are well known in sour oil and gas fields. This paper discusses the laboratory synthesis of iron sulfide scale in an anoxic environment at near-reservoir conditions to approximate downhole formation of iron sulfide scale to yield a standardized scale with a defined multi-mineralogical composition for dissolver tests, reproducing scales similar to those commonly found in Khuff sour wells. Synthetic scales were characterized by SEM, XRD, and particle size distrubtion analysis. Dissolver performance tests with three commercial dissolvers are presented.
Wellhead for Rigless Cable-Deployed ESP
Authors: Darmawan D. F. , Helvenston A. , Borak E. , Roth B. A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Wellhead and Xmas tree are the components at the surface of an oil or gas well that provide the structural and pressure-containing interface for the drilling and production equipment. During completion of the well, sometimes Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP's) are used to lift the oil from the well. Conventional ESP is deployed by attaching the ESP in line with the tubing string while the power cable is run outside of the tubing and then terminated at the wellhead tubing hanger section. A new rigless cable-deployed ESP is developed to reduce operation cost and to improve time efficiency. This new rigless cable-deployed ESP requires the ESP cable to be run cased inside the coil tubing, through the Xmas tree, and horizontally terminated at the specially designed vertical completion wellhead system. This paper focuses on the challenges, results, and lessons learned from the first prototype test of the specially designed wellhead for rigless cable-deployed ESP (rigless ESP wellhead) inside 7– completion tubing.
The rigless ESP wellhead system provides hang off and vertical production flow capabilities for the rigless cable-deployed ESP. This wellhead also enables the ESP cable to be terminated below the production Xmas tree and to self-align for the horizontal surface termination for external cable interface, isolated from the production bore fluids. As the ESP is run through the Xmas tree, the self-alignment system is very crucial for the successful termination of the ESP cable. A bowl protector is also an important part of the system which protects the seal area of the wellhead while running the ESP cable through the small bore area of the wellhead.
Existing coil cable-deployed ESP's in the market requires a horizontal completion Xmas tree for the production fluid to flow below the surface cable termination. Therefore large platform space is needed to accommodate the Xmas tree. The new rigless ESP wellhead system allows vertical flow of production fluid through the flow-by holes inside the wellhead around the surface cable termination. This design allows the use of standard vertical Xmas tree and does not require large horizontal space. Therefore, this system can be installed on existing platform space for upgrading current installed ESP to rigless cable-deployed ESP.
Lessons learned from the first successful prototype test will be used to improve the system for future field deployments, as well as for the design of similar systems for smaller size tubing (4-1/2″). As part of the wider rigless cable-deployed ESP system, rigless ESP wellhead will reduce the time and cost for ESP deployment and workover.
Multiple Deployments of Hybrid Drill Bits with Optimized Drilling Systems Prove Enhanced Efficiency in North Kuwait Development Wells
Authors: Omar Marwa , Agawani Waleed , Abdelhamid Atef , Al Ajmi AbdaAllah , Al Rushoud Abdulaziz , Al Ghareeb Majid 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In the prolific North Kuwait field, the 16 inch intermediate vertical section is typically drilled with Tungesten Carbide Insert (TCI) drill bit [445 IADC] and rotary assembly. The TCI average Rate of Penetration (ROP), through approximately 4,800 feet of limestone, sandstone and shale, is 38.7 feet per hour. Given the operator's target to reduce drilling time and minimize the North Kuwait well cycles; the hybrid drill bit was proposed to raise ROP performance and save drilling days per well.
The main challenge was to significantly reduce drilling time and enhance the cost-per-foot of the application with the new hybrid drill bit. In addition to providing smooth torque fluctuations, similar to that of the roller cones drill bit.
A specialized Drilling Application Review Team (DART) from the service provider implemented an optimization process to achieve the aforementioned targets. The hybrid bit design has been revised and upgraded to best-fit the interbedded carbonates application. Bottom Hole Assembly has been modeled and optimized by the cross-functional engineering team and the client to ensure best torque response while drilling. Moreover, a detailed formation drilling analysis has been conducted to accurately anticipate hybrid bit ideal case.
The optimized hybrid drill bit set the highest ROP record, at 80 feet per hour in North Kuwait achieving 107 percent improvement from offsets’ average performance. Moreover, the optimized design delivered 2 and a half days savings when compared to field offsets by conventional technology. The selected system generated smooth torque response and hence high energy efficiency. This success has been repeated over multiple wells in North Kuwait project; proving consistency in technology value.
Introduction to nanotechnology: definition, terms, occurrence and applications in environment
Authors: Ahmeda MHS , Ahmida NHS , Ahmeida A 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNanotechnology is an emerging multidisciplinary technique that involves application based on the synthesis of molecules in nano-scale size range. Nanotechnology is also seen as new and fast emerging field that involves the manufacture, processing and application of structure, device and system by controlling shape and size in nanometer scale. The concept of nanotechnology is driven from the Greek word nano (meaning dwarf). The nano-particles are defined as a discrete entity that has dimensions of the order of 100 nm or less. It is the small size in combination with the chemical composition and surface structure that gives the nano-particles their unique features. The alterations in physical properties serve to enhance versatility and efficacy in product development, resulting in more effective industrial and medical applications. As a result of the widespread use of nanotechnology and nano-materials, these particles find their way into the environment. Therefore, a focus on the source of nano-particles in the environment and their effects is included. This review concentrate on the recent information about analytical developments to assess the occurrence, fate and behavior of nano-materials in environment. It also focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in environment, especially in the area of air and water purifications.
Immunoprevention of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Rao Chinthalapally V. , Mohammed Altaf , Asch Adam S. , Janakiram Naveena B. 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is considered an incurable disease due to
late diagnosis, rapid spread and negligible response treatment methods, with a 5-year survival
rate of only 7%. Hence, there is an urgency in developing novel strategies for PC prevention.
This review is focused on discussing the challenges in understanding complex immune
functions in tumor microenvironment and host-induced immune responses against
tumors, selection of antigens for development of preventive vaccines, lessons from immunoprevention
clinical trials and challenges in developing future vaccines.

Methods:
65 original articles were referenced from various sources, based on immunoprevention
or criteria pertaining to tumor antigens and immune responses in PC. All these articles
were analyzed for the method details and results obtained, and the existing challenges
were derived for successful development of clinical immunoprevention strategies.

Results:
The analysis of these articles and our experience with preclinical efficacy evaluations
of various preventive approaches against PC helped in identifying specific tumor antigens
as targets which can overcome tumor cell immune suppression. This review discussed
the status of primary, secondary and tertiary preventive vaccines and reasons for failure of
therapeutic vaccines. The key parameters for effective vaccination were identified, including
stage of the disease for vaccination efficacy, use of appropriate animal models for development
of preventive vaccines. Potential of chemopreventive agents as adjuvants in immunoprevention
was discussed. This review identified new challenges for development of
immunopreventive vaccines.

Conclusion:
This review analyzed various aspects of vaccine development for immunoprevention
of PC and emphasized the challenges for development of immunoprevention strategies.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Pengukuran Teknik untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMK
Authors: Suyitno Suyitno 
Published: February 2017

The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the process of the interactive media development for the course of Technical Measurement, and (2) to analyse the effectiveness of the media. This study is categorised into research and development. The data collection techniques used questionaires and tests. The results show: (1) the process of the interactive media development consisted of needs analysis, product development, individual test, small groups test and final product implementation. (2) The developed product is proved to be an effective instructional media to improve the students’ achievement in the course of Technical Measurement. There is a positive and significant difference between the students treated with the developed interactive media and the students treated with the conventional media. It was supported by the mean scores of the experimental and control groups were 78.83 and 69.78 respectively.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) proses pengembangan media interaktif untuk pembelajaran pengukuran teknik; dan (2) efektivitas pengembangan media interaktif untuk pembelajaran pengukuran teknik. Penelitian ini merupakan research and development. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan angket dan tes. Hasil penelitian antara lain: (1) proses pembuatan media pembelajaran dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu: analisis kebutuhan, pengembangan produk, uji coba satu-satu, uji coba kelompok kecil dan implementasi produk akhir; dan (2) produk multimedia ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu media untuk meningkatkan pemahaman materi pengukuran teknik. Terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang menggunakan media interaktif dan siswa yang menggunakan media konvensional. Media interaktif lebih efektif daripada media konvensional, dapat dilihat dari rerata kelas eksperimen sebesar 78,83 yang lebih besar dari rerata kelas kontrol sebesar 69,78.
Developing an observation instrument for assessing the effectiveness of English teaching at vocational secondary schools
Authors: Widodo Estu , Sudarsono Franciscus Xaverius 
Published: February 2017

This study was aimed at: (1) developing an observation instrument for assessing English teaching at vocational secondary schools (VSSs), (2) examining the validity of the developed instrument, (3) examining the inter-rater reliability, and (4) assessing the effectiveness of the developed instrument. The subjects of the three-phase field-tests were English teachers and students of four VSSs. Observation sheets, questionnaires, and interviewes were employed to collect the data. The instruments were field-tested in three phases. Expert judgment, Kappa Coefficient, and Kane’s (2006) argument-based validation and Bachman Palmer’s intepretive and use argument were used to determine the instrument validity and reliability. The field-test which involved stakeholders prove that the observation instrument could be implemented effectively to assess the teaching of English at VSSs.
Pembangunan Infrastruktur Pertanian dan Sosial Dalam Rangka Mempersiapkan Selopamioro Mandiri Sejahtera Berbasis Potensi Lokal
Authors: Sarmin Sarmin , Widiyono Irkham , Widiyanto Slamet 
Published: February 2017

Tis program aims to develop agricultural infrastructure and social culture for Selopamioro empowering and prosperous based on local potential. Te priority of frst year programs were development of water reservoir in Kalidadap 2 and Srunggo, smart home fnishing in Srunggo 1, processed cashew as jam and shredded, promotion assistance in Bantul Expo event, branding and packaging innovation for cashew, to initiate government licensing, and develop standar operating procedure in processed cashew. All of programs as baseline to holistic development in Selopamioro based on local potential.
Pelatihan Keterampilan Mendongeng untuk Keluarga Nelayan
Authors: Afiatin Tina , Andayani Budi 
Published: February 2017

Storytelling is an efective way in instilling moral in children and forming character. Storytelling skill is needed by parents, especially in the fsherman families, to improve parenting quality. However, the parents in Tou village have not known and have never gotten the training on good storytelling. Terefore, in the community service activity of the Faculty of Psychology, UGM, it was given storytelling skill training for the fsherman families. Te storytelling skill training was held in Tou village, Moilong, Banggai, Central Sulawesi, belonging to the outermost, the most front and remote region. Te training was attended by 25 people of Tou village. Te training was held for two days with training materials: the lecture of good storytelling technique, the exercise of verbal and non-verbal communication, the practice of storytelling for the participant’s children, and the feedback of practicing storytelling skill. Te training results were analyzed with the qualitative and quantitative approach. Te qualitative analysis results (from observation, interview, and focus group discussion) showed that all participants felt getting new knowledge and skill, that is the useful storytelling skill in parenting. Te quantitative analysis results (parenting scale score) with statistic using t-test, the result was that there was signifcant reduction of dysfunctional parenting (t = -5,87; p <0,001) between before and afer getting storytelling skill training.
RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS LOCAL CONTENT GURU DAN CALON GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA SINGARAJA
Authors: Martha I Nengah 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mendapatkan informasi tentang guru-guru SD dikota Singaraja memilih atau menggunakan materi pelajaran sesuai dengan konteks, lingkungan, setting siswa, atau materi pelajaran yang berbasis local content; 2)mendapatkan informasi pada bidang studi apa saja guru-guru SD di kota Singaraja telah memilih atau menggunakan materi pelajaran sesuai dengan konteks, lingkungan, settingsiswa, atau materi pelajaran yang berbasis local content; 3) mengetahui bagaimana tingkatkemampuan guru-guru SD di kota Singaraja dalam memilih, atau menggunakan materipelajaran sesuai dengan konteks, lingkungan, setting siswa atau materi pelajaran yangberbasis local content. Penelitian ini dirancang dalam bentuk penelitian ex post facto, yangbersifat kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik koleksi dokumen dan dengan cara multistage stratified random sampling. Selanjutnya data dianalisis secara deskriptif dankualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: 1) RPP guru-guru SD di Kota Singaraja yang mengandung materi pelajaran berbasis local content berjumlah 302 buah (76,46%). RPPguru-guru SD di Kota Singaraja yang tidak mengandung materi yang berbasis local contentadalah 93 buah (23,54%); 2) bidang studi Bahasa Bali secara keseluruhan menggunakanmateri pelajaran yang berbasis local content. Bidang studi Bahasa Indonesia hanyamenggunakan:77,57%, Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan: 72,55%, Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam:65,79%, Matematika: 84,09%, Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial: 77,27%, Seni Budaya danKeterampilan: 90%, dan Agama Hindu: 83,33%.; 3) Jumlah RPP yang berada pada kategrisangat cocok adalah 163 buah (53,44%). Jumlah RPP yang berada pada kategori cukupcocok adalah 142 buah (46,56%). Tak satu pun RPP ada pada tingkat kategori tidak cocok.Disarankan agar, para guru SD di kota Singaraja memilih dan menggunakan materi pelajaran berbasis local content untuk mendukung pembelajaran bermakna.