bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug Decriminalization, Fentanyl, and Fatal Overdoses in Oregon
Authors: Zoorob Michael J. , Park Ju Nyeong , Kral Alex H. , Lambdin Barrot H. , del Pozo Brandon 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceWith the implementation of Measure 110 (M110) in 2021, Oregon became the first US state to decriminalize small amounts of any drug for personal use. To date, no analysis of the association of this law with overdose mortality has fully accounted for the introduction of fentanyl—a substance that is known to drive fatal overdose—to Oregon’s unregulated drug market.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the decriminalization of drug possession in Oregon was associated with changes in fatal drug overdose rates after accounting for the rapid spread of fentanyl in Oregon’s unregulated drug market.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, the association between fatal overdose and enactment of M110 was analyzed using a matrix completion synthetic control method. The control group consisted of the 48 US states and Washington, DC, all of which did not decriminalize drugs. The rapid spread of fentanyl in unregulated drug markets was determined using the state-level percentage of all samples reported to the National Forensic Laboratory Information System that were identified as fentanyl or its analogues. Mortality data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2022. Data analysis was performed from fall 2023 through spring 2024.ExposuresMeasure 110 took effect in Oregon on February 1, 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome assessed was fatal drug overdose rates per half-year. A changepoint analysis also determined when each state experienced a rapid escalation of fentanyl in its unregulated drug market.ResultsIn this analysis, rapid spread of fentanyl in Oregon’s unregulated drug supply occurred in the first half of 2021, contemporaneous with enactment of M110. A positive crude association was found between drug decriminalization and fatal overdose rate per 100 000 per half year (estimate [SE], 1.83 [0.47]; P &amp;lt; .001). After adjusting for the spread of fentanyl as a confounder, the effect size changed signs (estimate [SE], −0.51 [0.61]; P = .41) and there was no longer an association between decriminalization and overdose mortality in Oregon. Sensitivity analyses were consistent with this result.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of fatal drug overdose and the spread of fentanyl through Oregon’s unregulated drug market, no association between M110 and fatal overdose rates was observed. Future evaluations of the health effects of drug policies should account for changes in the composition of unregulated drug markets.
Lynch Syndrome and Somatic Mismatch Repair Variants in Pancreas Cancer
Authors: O’Connor Catherine A. , Harrold Emily , Lin David , Walch Henry , Gazzo Andrea , Ranganathan Megha , Kane Sarah , Keane Fergus , Schoenfeld Joshua , Moss Drew , Thurtle-Schmidt Deborah M. , Suehnholz Sarah P. , Chakravarty Debyani , Balogun Fiyinfolu , Varghese Anna , Yu Kenneth , Kelsen David , Latham Alicia , Weigelt Britta , Park Wungki , Stadler Zsofia , O’Reilly Eileen M. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceMicrosatellite (MS) instability (MSI-H) occurs frequently in Lynch syndrome (LS)–associated tumors and is associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. MSI-H is conferred by germline or somatic variants in mismatch repair genes. The contribution of somatic oncogenesis to MSI-H in pancreatic cancer (PC) is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate an LS-related PC cohort to define clinicogenomic features, describe somatic MSI-H cases (germline negative), characterize response to ICB, and guide preferred MS testing methods.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis single-institution, retrospective analysis was conducted from March 2012 to July 2023 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and included 55 patients with PC and either an LS germline pathogenic variant (gPV) or somatic mismatch repair (MMR) variant.Main Outcomes and MeasuresComposite MMR and MS status determined using orthogonal methods. An artificial intelligence classifier was used to account for low-cellularity specimens. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from medical record. Zygosity status and somatic comutation landscape analyzed.ResultsFifty-five patients (23 women [42%]) had PC and an MMR variant: 32 (58%) had LS (LS cohort) and 23 (42%) had a somatic MMR variant (no germline pathogenic variant, somatic MMR cohort). In the LS cohort, 10 (31%) had gMSH2, 9 (28%) gMSH6, 8 (25%) gPMS2, 4 (13%) gMLH1, 1 (3%) gEPCAM. The median age at diagnosis was 68 years (range, 45-88 years). For composite MS status, 17 (59%) were MSI-H, 12 (41%) MS stable, and 3 MS unknown. Five cases were reclassified as MSI-H by the artificial intelligence classifier. In the somatic MMR cohort, 11 (48%) had MSH6, 7 (30%) MLH1, 3 (13%) MSH2, and 2 (9%) PMS2. The median age at diagnosis was 72 years (range, 66-85 years). For composite MS status, 10 (43%) were MSI-H, 11 (48%) MS stable, and 2 (9%) MS indeterminate. Six cases were reclassified as MSI-H by the artificial intelligence classifier. For the LS and somatic MMR cohorts, 20 received ICB (n = 17 MSI-H). The median ICB duration was 27.7 months (95% CI, 11.5 to not reached); the disease control rate was 80%.ConclusionThe results of this cross-sectional study suggest that MSI-H occurs due to LS or somatic oncogenesis in PC. Orthogonal MS testing is key in PC; the artificial intelligence classifier reclassified approximately 20% of cases, most of which were low cellularity. ICB for patients with LS or somatic MSI-H PC provided significant benefit.
Vision Impairment and the Population Attributable Fraction of Dementia in Older Adults
Authors: Smith Jason R. , Huang Alison R. , Zhou Yunshu , Varadaraj Varshini , Swenor Bonnielin K. , Whitson Heather E. , Reed Nicholas S. , Deal Jennifer A. , Ehrlich Joshua R. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceVision impairment is a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia. Although few prior studies have estimated the contribution of vision impairments to dementia, none have reported on multiple objectively measured vision impairments (eg, distance and near visual acuity and contrast sensitivity) in a nationally representative sample of older adults.ObjectiveTo quantify population attributable fractions of dementia from objective vision impairments in older adults, stratified by age, self-reported sex, self-reported race and ethnicity, and educational attainment.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a population-based cross-sectional analysis in the National Health and Aging Trends Study, which gathers nationally representative information on Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older in the US. A total of 2767 community-dwelling adults eligible for vision and cognitive testing in 2021 were included. Data were analyzed from April to August 2023.ExposuresNear and distance visual acuity impairments were each defined as &amp;gt;0.30 logMAR. Contrast sensitivity impairment was defined as &amp;lt;1.55 logCS. At least 1 vision impairment was defined as impairment to either near acuity, distance acuity, or contrast sensitivity.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAdjusted population attributable fractions of prevalent dementia, defined using a standardized algorithmic diagnosis (≥1.5 SDs below mean on 1 or more cognitive domains, self- or proxy-reported dementia diagnosis, or the Ascertain Dementia-8 Dementia Screening Interview Score of probable dementia).ResultsThe survey-weighted prevalence of vision impairment among participants aged 71 and older (1575 [54.7%] female and 1192 [45.3%] male; 570 [8.0%] non-Hispanic Black, 132 [81.7%] Hispanic, 2004 [81.7%] non-Hispanic White, and 61 [3.3%] non-Hispanic other) was 32.2% (95% CI, 29.7-34.6). The population attributable fraction of prevalent dementia from at least 1 vision impairment was 19.0% (95% CI, 8.2-29.7). Contrast sensitivity impairment yielded the strongest attributable fraction among all impairments (15.0%; 95% CI, 6.6-23.6), followed by near acuity (9.7%; 95% CI, 2.6-17.0) and distance acuity (4.9%; 95% CI, 0.1-9.9). Population attributable fractions from at least 1 impairment were highest among participants aged 71 to 79 years (24.3%; 95% CI, 6.6-41.8), female (26.8%; 95% CI, 12.2-39.9), and non-Hispanic White (22.3%; 95% CI, 9.6-34.5) subpopulations, with estimates consistent across educational strata.Conclusions and RelevanceThe population attributable fraction of dementia from vision impairments ranged from 4.9%-19.0%. While not proving a cause-and-effect relationship, these findings support inclusion of multiple objective measures of vision impairments, including contrast sensitivity and visual acuity, to capture the total potential impact of addressing vision impairment on dementia.
AFI manual planning versus HyperArc auto‐planning: A head‐to‐head comparison of SRS plan quality
Authors: Desai Dharmin D. , Cordrey Ivan L. , Johnson E. Lee , Oldland Thomas A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionHyperArc (HA) auto‐planning offers simplicity for the end user and consistently high‐quality SRS plans. The “Ask For It” (AFI) optimization strategy offers a manual planning technique that, when coupled with R50%Analytic, can be guided to deliver a plan with an intermediate dose spill “as low as reasonably achievable” and high target dose conformity. A direct comparison of SRS plan quality obtained using the manual planning AFI strategy and HA has been performed.MethodsUsing a CT data set available from the Radiosurgery Society, 54 PTVs were created and used to generate 19 individual SRS/SRT cases. Case complexity ranged from single PTV plans to multiple PTV plans with a single isocenter. PTV locations ranged from relative isolation from critical structures to lesions within 1.5 mm of the optic apparatus and abutting the brainstem. All cases were planned using both the AFI and HA optimization strategies as implemented in the Varian Medical Systems Eclipse Treatment Planning System. A range of treatment plan quality metrics were obtained including Intermediate Dose Spill (R50%), Conformity Indices CIRTOG and CIPaddick, PTV Dose Coverage (Dn%), PTV Mean Dose, and Modulation Factor. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Sum non‐parametric statistical method was utilized to compare the obtained plan quality metrics.ResultsStatistically significant improvements were found for the AFI strategy for metrics R50%, CIRTOG, CIPaddick, and PTV Mean Dose (p < 0.001). HA achieved superior coverage for Dn% (p = 0.018), while the Modulation Factors were not significantly different for AFI compared to HA optimization (p = 0.13).ConclusionThis study provides evidence that the AFI manual planning strategy can produce high‐quality planning metrics similar to the HA auto‐planning method.
Selective Adsorption of Electrolyte Anions with Chitosan Skin Producing LiF‐Enriched Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Si‐Based Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Jiayang , Li Yuchen , Lv Linze , Wang Longfei , Xiong Weixing , Huang Lei , Qu Qunting , Wang Yan , Shen Ming , Zheng Honghe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSilicon (Si) is a promising anode material for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. To achieve wide practical applications, it is highly desirable to build effective solidelectrolyte interphase (SEI) with high stability and high Li+ conductivity. Herein, a novel interface engineering strategy is demonstrated with the assistance of a surfactant and the self‐assembly of chitosan (CS) skin on Si surface. A high coating integrity of the Si particle is obtained compared to that without surfactants. Unlike traditional surface coatings, the positive charge of the applied CS layer enables it to selectively absorb PF6− anions in the electrolyte. The PF6− aggregates in Helmholtz layer lead to the formation of anion‐derived SEI enriched in LiF species. As the result, the prepared CS‐decorated Si anode exhibits a high initial coulombic efficiency of 92.2% and a high rate capability of 2200 mAh g−1 capacity at 10 C rate. After 500 charge–discharge cycles, it is still able to retain a reversible capacity 1621.3 mAh g−1. Furthermore, the excellent electrochemical property is demonstrated in full cells against NCM811 cathode. The novel interface engineering strategy provides a new SEI mechanism and demonstrates a feasible and effective way to develop high‐performance Si‐based lithium‐ion batteries.
High Efficiency Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with Over 1 Micrometer Carrier Diffusion Length
Authors: Zhang Miao , Wu Cheng , Yin Mingyu , Yao Huanhuan , Qiu Hongju , Luo Jie , Du Jialin , Hao Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSn2+ oxidation and halide migration are recognized as the major constraints for high‐performance tin halide perovskite solar cells (TPSCs), as they increase the defect state density and thus decrease the carrier lifetime and diffusion length. In this study, two chloride salts of thiophene derivatives are reported to interact with Sn2+ through ligand bonding and immobilize halide ions through hydrogen bonding. Due to the stronger interactions between 1‐(2‐thiophene)ethylamine hydrochloride (α‐TEACl) and the perovskite components, better defect passivation is realized. In addition, thanks to the coordination ability, the lattice stability of tin perovskite is enhanced, and the photoluminescence carrier lifetime and carrier diffusion length are substantially extended from 4.51 ns and 180.78 nm to 23.17 ns, and 1102.20 nm, respectively, which are both among the highest reported values for tin halide perovskites. Consequently, the target device with α‐TEACl achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 14.02%. At the same time, the α‐TEACl device showed excellent long‐term operational stability, retaining ≈92% of the initial efficiency after 2000 h aging in the N2 atmosphere. This work provides a new perspective for regulating the defect passivation and ion migration in lead‐free tin halide perovskites.
Programmed Nanosystem for Synergistic Immunogenic Cell Death Enhancing Radiotherapy‐Mediated Abscopal Effect
Authors: Wang Peiyuan , Zhao Xuan , Ying Yunfei , Huang Shuli , Liu Tao , Zheng Ruchun , Xie Fang , Sun Wen , Liu Zongjunlin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAbscopal effect often refers to the capability of localized radiation from X‐ray to provoke systemic anti‐tumor effects. Even radiation is able to prime anti‐cancer via adaptive immune responses, nevertheless, the abscopal effect is critically precluded by inadequate T‐cell infiltration in distant or non‐irradiated tumors. Here, a synergetic strategy is developed that is capable of substantially boosting radiation‐mediated immunogenic cell death for enhancing abscopal effect by fabricating programmed Au nanorod‐based core–shell nanoplatform with extracellular vesicles coating to simultaneously perform tumor‐specific radiotherapy sensitization. Subsequently, strong systematic immunity enhancement can be realized by the sensitized radiation potentiating immunogenic cell death and checkpoint inhibitor delivery. Distant and metastatic tumors are sufficiently inhibited via a strong abscopal effect including the strong antitumor immune responses and a long‐term immunological memory effect. The work thus engineers a unique nanoreactor strategy as a next‐generation radio‐immunotherapy approach to achieve synergistic efficacious whole‐body immune responses after local radiation, having great potential for clinical application.
A Photoactivated Self‐Adaptive Liquid Crystal Elastomer Oscillator From Orientation and Polymerization Guided by Nanowire Assembly
Authors: Chen Hong , Yao Xin , Qin Haili , Cong Huai‐Ping , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConstructing self‐adaptive oscillators that can continuously, stably, and tunably transform external stimulus into mechanical work is high demand for soft robots, energy harvesters and object conveyors. However, these systems are challenging to develop because of the single mesogenic anisotropy and simple material constituents obtained by a traditional technique. Here, a photoactivated self‐adaptive liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) oscillator with controlled nanoassembly‐directed hierarchically anisotropic structure is demonstrated by developing the highly‐aligned silver nanowire (AgNW) assemblies (HAs) to guide the orientation and polymerization of LC molecules. The fabricated HAs‐LCE film exhibits tunable multiple anisotropies on mesogenic alignment, composition, density gradient across the thickness and mechanical behaviors. Combined with excellent photo‐driven bending deformation, the HAs‐LCE cantilever performs a self‐sustained, periodic and steady oscillation self‐propelled by negative feedback loops under a continuous NIR laser. Impressively, triggered by synergetic deformations of anisotropically responsive architecture, self‐adaptive oscillations are first achieved with self‐tunable frequencies spanning from 4.1 to 13.2 Hz to accommodate variable light intensity, showing enormous and distinctive potentials for optical modulation.
Tumor‐Homing Phage Nanofibers for Nanozyme‐Enhanced Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yang Tao , Zhang Qinglei , Miao Yao , Lyu Yang , Xu Yajing , Yang Mingying , Mao Chuanbin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) eliminates cancer cells by converting endogenous oxygen into reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, its efficacy is significantly hindered by hypoxia in solid tumors. Hence, to engineer filamentous fd phage, a human‐friendly bacteria‐specific virus is proposed, into a nanozyme‐nucleating photosensitizer‐loaded tumor‐homing nanofiber for enhanced production of ROS in a hypoxic tumor. Specifically, Pt‐binding and tumor‐homing peptides are genetically displayed on the sidewall and tip of the fd phage, respectively. The Pt‐binding peptides induced nucleation and orientation of Pt nanozymes (PtNEs) on the sidewall of the phage. The resultant PtNE‐coated tumor‐homing phage exhibits significantly enhanced sustained catalytic conversion of hydrogen peroxide in hypoxic tumors into O2 for producing ROS needed for PDT, compared to non‐phage‐templated PtNE. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations verify the catalytic mechanism of the phage‐templated PtNE. After intravenous injection of the PtNE‐coated indocyanine green (ICG)‐loaded tumor‐homing phages into breast tumor‐bearing mice, the nanofibers home to the tumors and effectively inhibit tumor growth by the PtNE‐enhanced PDT. The nanofibers can also serve as a tumor‐homing imaging probe due to the fluorescence of ICG. This work demonstrates that filamentous phage, engineered to become tumor‐homing nanozyme‐nucleating tumor‐hypoxia‐relieving nanofibers, can act as cancer‐targeting nanozymes with improved catalytic performance for effective targeted PDT.
Photoelectrocatalytic‐Microbial Biohybrid for Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Feng Tianhang , Zhou Xue , Zhang Zhonghai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNitrogen (N2) conversion to ammonia (NH3) in a mild condition is a big chemical challenge. The whole‐cell diazotrophs based biological NH3 synthesis is one of the most promising strategies. Herein, the first attempt of photoelectrochemical‐microbial (PEC‐MB) biohybrid is contributed for artificial N2 fixation, where Azotobacter vinelandii (A. vinelandii) is interfaced directly with polydopamine encapsulated nickel oxide (NiO) nanosheets (NiO@PDA). By virtue of excellent bio‐adhesive activity, high conductivity, and good biocompatibility of PDA layer, abundant A. vinelandii are effectively adsorbed on NiO@PDA to form NiO@PDA/A. vinelandii biohybrid, and the rationally designed biohybrid achieved a record‐high NH3 production yield of 1.85 µmol h−1/108 cells (4.14 µmol h−1 cm−2). In addition, this biohybrid can operate both under illumination with a PEC model or in dark with an electrocatalytic (EC) model to implement long‐term and successional NH3 synthesis. The enhancement mechanism of NH3 synthesis in NiO@PDA/A. vinelandii biohybrid can be ascribed to the increase of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide‐hydrogen (NADH) and adenosine 5‐triphosphate (ATP) concentrations and over expression of nitrogen‐fixing genes of nifH, nifD and nifK in nitrogenase. This innovative PEC‐MB biohybrid strategy sheds light on the fundamental mechanism and establishes proof of concept of biotic‐abiotic photosynthetic systems for sustainable chemical production.
Robust Chiral Metal–Organic Framework Coatings for Self‐Activating and Sustainable Biofouling Mitigation
Authors: Yu Zhiqun , Li Xiangyu , Wang Zhengxing , Fan Yongqiang , Zhao Wenjie , Li Dianzhong , Xu Dake , Gu Tingyue , Wang Fuhui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSurface coatings are designed to mitigate pervasive biofouling herald, a new era of surface protection in complex biological environments. However, existing strategies are plagued by persistent and recurrent biofilm attachment, despite the use of bactericidal agents. Herein, a chiral metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based coating with conformal microstructures to enable a new anti‐biofouling mode that involves spontaneous biofilm disassembly followed by bacterial eradication is developed. A facile and universal metal‐polyphenol network (MPN) is designed to robustly anchor the MOF nanoarmor of biocidal Cu2+ ions and anti‐biofilm d‐amino acid ligands to a variety of substrates across different material categories and surface topologies. Incorporating a diverse array of chiral amino acids endows the resultant coatings with widespread signals for biofilm dispersal, facilitating copper‐catalyzed chemodynamic reactions and inherent mechano‐bactericidal activities. This synergistic mechanism yields unprecedented anti‐biofouling efficacy elucidated by RNA‐sequencing transcriptomics analysis, enhancing broad‐spectrum antibacterial activities, preventing biofilm formation, and destroying mature biofilms. Additionally, the chelation‐directed amorphous/crystalline coatings can activate photoluminescent properties to inhibit the settlement of microalgae biofilms. This study provides a distinctive perspective on chirality‐enhanced antimicrobial behaviors and pioneers a rational pathway toward developing next‐generation anti‐biofouling coatings for diverse applications.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar Chiral Ferrocene Triflones
Authors: Wen Min , Erb William , Mongin Florence , Hurvois Jean‐Pierre , Blot Marielle , Roisnel Thierry , Halauko Yury S. , Matulis Vadim E. , Koike Yuta , Kitazawa Yu , Kimura Mutsumi , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA multi‐gram scale synthesis of ferrocenetriflone was optimised from ferrocenesulfonyl fluoride and Me3SiCF3 (Ruppert reagent). Enantioselective deprotolithiations were then optimised using alkyllithiums in the presence of catalytic (+)‐sparteine to afford 2‐substituted ferrocene triflones in 79–84% ee. The use of chiral lithium amides in the presence of in situ traps was also optimised and was found to outperform alkyllithium⋅chiral diamine chelates for the first time in the ferrocene series, with 89–93% ee. Crystallisation of derivatives afforded enantiopure compounds that were engaged in deprotolithiation‐electrophilic trapping sequences, a halogen ‘dance’ reaction and transition metal‐promoted coupling to afford a wide range of variously polysubstituted ferrocene triflones.