bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective study to evaluate the etiologies and parameters of voice assessment in patients of vocal cord paralysis
Authors: Joshi Anagha A. , Singh Vijaykumar , Rajani Sana Zehra N. 
Published: September 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Evaluation of voice disorders are performed using multiple approaches but there is no single standard method. Our study compared the various voice assessment measures and their clinical relevance for unilateral vocal cord palsy (uVCP).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 30 patients of uVCP were assessed and followed up on day 15, 30 and 90 of diagnosis. At each visit, perceptual analysis of voice, grade (G), rigid 70<sup>0 </sup>Hopkins laryngoscopy to measure the phonatory gap (PG), maximum phonation time (MPT), and voice handicap index (VHI) were noted. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The results were analysed in two ways, one on the basis of improvement in VHI and the other on the basis of PG. When two groups (‘improved group 1’ and ‘unimproved group 1’) were formed and compared on the basis of VHI; MPT, Grade and ‘change in PG’ of the improved group showed a significant difference as compared to the unimproved group. Whereas when two groups (‘improved group 2’ and ‘unimproved group 2’) were formed and compared on the basis of improvement in PG, none of the parameters of the improved group showed a significant difference as compared to the unimproved group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> All parameters correlate well with VHI than with PG, hence VHI alone can be sufficient to assess the improvement in voice. Although rigid laryngoscopy is essential initially for diagnosis, it need not be necessary to for further evaluation for improvement in voice.</p>
A comparative study between fat myringoplasty and temporalis fascia tympanoplasty in moderate to large central perforation of pars tensa of tympanic membrane
Authors: Ambani Kirti P. , Gangwani Rachana W. , M. Bhavya B. , Vakharia Sanket D. , Katarkar Ashish U. 
Published: September 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> To compare the efficacy between fat graft (FG) and temporalis fascia (TF) graft in tympanic membrane perforations larger than 4mm size or involvement of &gt;25% of tympanic membrane.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study was carried out during December 2015 to January 2016, for a period of 13months at our Otolaryngology Department. All study patients, who fit into inclusion and exclusion criteria, were divided into two groups according to the type of graft material taken. In group- 1temporalis fascia (TF) graft was taken while in group- 2 fat graft (FG) was taken. An evaluation of hearing was done with full Audiometric and Eustaschian tube function testing. All laboratory preoperative testing was done. Postoperative follow up was done at 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> month’s period and sos, graft status and hearing evaluation with PTA for all four frequencies 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz with air conduction and bone conduction thresholds were recorded and compared with preoperative PTA records in both groups. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In TF group total 24 (80%) patients had graft uptake, 4 (13.3%) patients had residual perforation and 2 (6.6%) patients had graft failure due to postoperative infection. In FG group total 16 (53.3%) patients had graft uptake, 6 (20%) patients had graft medialised and necrosed, 6 (20%) patients had residual perforation and 2 (6.6%) patient had graft rejection due to postoperative infection. Graft uptake rate in group 1 was 80% while in group 2 was 53.3%. Mean preoperative ABG in TF group was 25±17 dB and mean postoperative ABG was 10±02 dB, in fat graft technique mean preoperative ABG was 25±13 dB and mean postoperative ABG was 16±15 dB. Fat graft technique is simple, quick and minimally invasive. It doesn’t require middle ear manipulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is no ideal material for tympanic membrane repair but for moderate to large perforation temporalis fascia graft is better than fat graft in terms of healing and hearing outcomes but considering morbidity fat gives less morbidity. </p>
Comparative study of type 1 tympanoplasty with and without gelfoam in the middle ear
Authors: Malick Nabeel , Gadag Raveendra P. , K. M. Vidyashree , Puthukulangara Shruthi 
Published: September 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media is a widespread disease with a significant cause of morbidity with a greater burden in the poor communities of the developing countries for which tympanoplasty is frequently undertaken. Gelfoam may show detrimental effects such as adhesions and fibrosis and improper packing may physically alter the structure of the tympanic membrane leading to failure of tympanoplasty. The graft can be placed without any middle ear supporting agent wherein the graft is held in position by the surface tension between the novel graft placed and the remnant tympanic membrane. This provides the added advantage of facilitating middle ear ventilation through the Eustachian tube. The objectives of the study were to assess the graft uptake and hearing improvement following type 1 tympanoplasty with gelfoam in the middle ear and without gelfoam in the middle ear and to compare and assess results for complications</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a randomised control trial done for a period of one year conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi which is a tertiary referral hospital. 30 patients underwent type 1 tympanoplasty without gelfoam in the middle ear and 31 patients underwent type 1 tympanoplasty with gelfoam in the middle ear. Post-operative follow up was done to look for graft uptake, hearing assessment by pure tone audiometry and impedance audiometry was done 90 days post-operatively. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Graft uptake was 80% in type 1 tympanoplasty without gelfoam in the middle ear and 80.6% with gelfoam in the middle ear. Both types of surgeries had significant hearing improvement, and complications like retraction and residual perforation were also comparable. Ad type of impedance curve is most common post operatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Graft uptake is equally good in cases with gelfoam and without gelfoam. Hearing gain is comparable in both groups of patients. No significant complications occurred in our study. ‘Ad’ is the most common type of impedance curve after surgery. Long term follow up is important in these patients. </p>
Implant-Related Complications and Mortality After Use of Short or Long Gamma Nail for Intertrochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Horner Nolan S. , Samuelsson Kristian , Solyom Janos , Bjørgul Kristian , Ayeni Olufemi R. , Östman Bengt 
Published: September 2017

Background:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rates of implant-related complications and mortality after treatment of an intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fracture with a short or long Gamma nail.

Methods:
Between September 1998 and August 2003, 644 patients at 2 centers treated with a long or short Gamma nail for a hip fracture were prospectively enrolled in this study. These patients were followed until they reached 1 of the study end points, which included death, a reoperation directly related to the Gamma nail, or the end date of the study.

Results:
The average age (and standard deviation) of the patients included in the study was 81.3 ± 8.6 years at the time of the operation, and 28.3% of the patients were male. The rate of implant-related complications was 9.9%. The most common complications included peri-implant fracture (4.2%), proximal lateral thigh discomfort requiring extraction of the implant (2.0%), and lag-screw cutout (1.1%). Interestingly, more than half (56%) of the 27 peri-implant fractures occurred >1.5 years after the index operation. The median time from the operation to death was 2.9 years (range, 0 to 17.1 years). The 30-day mortality rate after treatment was 9.5%. Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class-3 or 4 physical status had a significantly higher risk of mortality than ASA class-1 patients.

Conclusions:
Gamma nails are effective in the treatment of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. However, 9.8% of patients had complications requiring additional surgery. The most common serious complications include peri-implant fracture and lag-screw cutout. Several peri-implant fractures occurred long after the index procedure. Patients had a high rate of mortality (27%) after 1 year, and higher preoperative ASA class was found to be a predictor of increased risk of mortality. Therefore, clinicians must carefully consider patients’ preoperative comorbidities when counselling patients on the risks of surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Development of daily rainfall erosivity model for Kelantan state, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Anees M. T. , Abdullah K. , Nawawi M. N. M. , Norulaini N. A. N. , Piah A. R. M. , Fatehah O. , Syakir M. I. , Zakaria N. A. , Omar A. K. M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted to develop a rainfall erosivity model for tropical climates to estimate daily rainfall erosivity and determine the most effective power law relationship between rainfall erosivity and daily precipitation. Thirty minute resolution rainfall data recorded in 55 stations of a state in Peninsular Malaysia were analysed. Using three precipitation limits of 0.1, 5.0 and 12.7 mm, the behaviour of rainfall on average annual rainfall erosivity gave ranges of 10,264–54,284, 8,151.5–48,301 and 4,958–39,938 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 y−1 respectively. It was found that the number of individual events, occurring within a day, were more in the area compared other types of events for all precipitation limits (0.1, 0.5 and 12.0 mm). Spatio-temporal variation of monthly coefficient values of power law relationship was found with the highest R2 in the range of 0.93–0.94 for 0.1 mm precipitation limit. Out of 55 stations, 15 were selected for model development and assessment. On the basis of importance of smaller events, a 0.1 mm precipitation limit was selected for the proposed model. The proposed model was found good for monthly and annual rainfall erosivity estimation apart from few limitations. Furthermore, the validity of the proposed model was checked for different parts of the area.
E.N. Meshalkin (1916–1997) and his priority in the creation of the world’s first successful cavo-pulmonary anastomosis in clinic
Authors: Bockeria L. , Podzolkov V. , Glyantsev S. , Kokshenev I. 
Published: September 2017

The idea of the cavo-pulmonary anastomosis originated simultaneously with US surgeons (A. Blalock), Italy (C. Carlon), the USSR (A. Bakulev) and Hungary (F. Robiczek). The first cavo-pulmonary shunting in several modifications in the experiment were carried out by C. Carlon in the late 1949 – early 1950s. The first two unsuccessful operations in clinic were performed by the American surgeon H. Shumacker until November 1954. Priority of the first in the world series of successful operations in clinic belongs to E.N. Meshalkin (from April 3 to October 1956). In a sense, its success was due to experimental research carried out in the autumn of 1955 – in the spring of 1956 by N.K. Galankin, T.M. Darbinian and D.A. Donetsky. However, until August 1956 N.K. Galankin and his colleagues objectively were not ready to introduce the cavo-pulmonary anastomosis into the clinic. The first successful cavo-pulmonary shunt in the USA on February 25, 1958 was carried out by W. Glenn. The author's experience, his authority and publication in a prestigious journal led to the fact that the cavo-pulmonary anastomosis in literature is usually called Glenn procedure. We believe, however, that it is more correct to call it the Bakulev–Meshalkin operation or Russian anastomosis.Received 17 July 2017. Accepted 13 August 2017.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Deep mixing method for the construction of earth and water retaining walls
Authors: Denies Nicolas , Huybrechts Noël 
Published: September 2017

In the deep mixing method, the ground is mechanically mixed in place while a binder, often based on cement, is injected. After hardening of the soil-cement mixture, called soil mix material, soil mix elements are formed in the ground. Originally known as a ground improvement technique, the deep mixing is more and more applied for the construction of earth-water retaining structures within the framework of excavation works.
After a short introduction to the execution aspects of the method, the authors discuss the hydro-mechanical properties of the soil mix material mainly based on the results of the BBRI Soil Mix project (2009-2013). A design approach dedicated to the soil mix retaining walls and developed in collaboration with the SBRCURnet is then presented. In this methodology, which is in line with the structural Eurocodes, design rules are adapted to the functions of the soil mix wall (earth-water retaining, bearing and cut-off functions) including the temporary or permanent character of the application. Based on the result of large-scale bending tests, the interaction between the soil mix material and the steel reinforcement is considered in the calculations allowing a reduction of the steel section between 10 and 40 %.
Práctica Docente, Diversidad Sorda y Comunicación en una Escuela Especial de la Región Metropolitana, Chile
Authors: Morales-Acosta Gina Viviana 
Published: September 2017

La finalidad de este estudio de investigación científica fue analizar la práctica docente y codocente (Sordo1) en el aula, realizada en lengua de señas chilena con estudiantes sordos en una escuela especial. Este es un estudio cualitativo, con un análisis de caso, método etnográfico escolar, de un aula de clase de estudiantes Sordos de octavo de enseñanza básica en una escuela especial de Santiago de Chile. El resultado devela: a) la importancia de la adquisición de la lengua como elemento previo a el ingreso a la escuela y b) las prácticas docentes con estudiantes Sordos son enriquecidas y perfectibles de forma simétrica y contextual cuando los profesores poseen un conocimiento avanzado de la lengua de señas en el área.
INCIDÊNCIA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA SÍFILIS CONGÊNITA NA BAHIA, 2005-2012
Authors: Meira Brasileiro Cristiana de Souza , Ribeiro Guilherme de Sousa 
Published: September 2017

Embora a sífilis congênita (SC) possa ser prevenida por ações realizadas no pré--natal, ela ainda apresenta elevada incidência em diversas partes do mundo. Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar aspectos epidemiológicos da SC na Bahia e em seus municípios, no período de 2005 a 2012. Foi realizado um estudo ecológico, de distribuição temporal e espacial, com caráter descritivo. Com base nos registros do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade, foram identificados 2.656 casos de SC na Bahia no período. A incidência da SC no estado cresceu de 1,2 para 2,7 casos por 1.000 nascidos vivos (NV) entre 2005 e 2012. Comparando-se os quadriênios 2005-2008 e 2009-2012, observou-se redução no percentual dos municípios que apresentavam incidência da SC inferior à meta definida pela Organização Pan-americana da Saúde (até 0,5 caso por 1.000 NV) de 74,6% para 63,1%. Nesse último quadriênio, altas incidências médias anuais foram detectadas nas Regiões Leste, Sudoeste, Sul e Extremo Sul do estado. Concluiu-se que a crescente dispersão da SC na Bahia reforça a necessidade de ampliar os investimentos na vigilância e no controle da doença.
Palavras-chave: Sífilis congênita. Epidemiologia. Incidência.
FATORES RELACIONADOS À SAÚDE DE CRIANÇAS, ADOLESCENTES, SEUS RESPONSÁVEIS E A ASSOCIAÇÃO DELES COM A VIZINHANÇA
Authors: Neves Camila Salgado , Silva Bruna Pires Luz , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido , Mendes Ana Paula Carlos Cândido , Mendes Larissa Loures 
Published: September 2017

Os fatores relacionados às crianças, aos adolescentes, a seus responsáveis e a associação deles com a satisfação da vizinhança, revelam que a satisfação com a vizinhança pode ter um papel relevante na determinação da saúde dos indivíduos. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar os fatores sociodemográficos e de estilo de vida de crianças, adolescentes e seus responsáveis relacionados à satisfação da vizinhança em uma cidade de médio porte. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico transversal com 370 indivíduos de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados ocorreu nas escolas e realizou-se antropometria e entrevista estruturada com os responsáveis. Para avaliação do ambiente, entrevistas telefônicas foram realizadas com a versão validada na língua portuguesa da Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos adultos estava insatisfeita com a vizinhança. Observou-se maior insatisfação com acesso à diversão (82,4%) e maior satisfação com o número de pessoas conhecidas na vizinhança (95,4%). A cor de pele não branca das crianças prevaleceu entre os responsáveis insatisfeitos e indivíduos com maior renda estão mais satisfeitos. A satisfação com a vizinhança não foi associada com o sexo das crianças, a prática de atividade física, a idade, o índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura dos responsáveis. Concluiu-se que características ambientais, como segurança, boa infraestrutura das ruas, espaços adequados para lazer e a boa convivência com as pessoas, relacionam-se com a satisfação com o ambiente, o bem--estar e a saúde dos indivíduos.
Palavras-chave: Percepção. Meio ambiente. Saúde pública.
Coinyección: «Twinshot», tecnología de punta a bajo costo
Authors: Quiñones Iber James 
Published: September 2017

Se describe la segunda versión de la tecnología Twinshot, con la cual se puede manipular dos materiales fundidos en un mismo conjunto de plastificación, lo que permite reducir costos de producción y de amortización del equipo, factores que lo hacen más asequible a una mayor cantidad de empresas de inyección.
Book Reviews
Authors: Mushaben Joyce Marie , Baranowski Shelley , Allen Trevor J. , von Mering Sabine , Milder Stephen , Prott Volker , Pfeiffer Peter C. 
Published: September 2017

Louise K. Davidson-Schmich, Gender Quotas and Democratic Participation:
Recruiting Candidates for Elective Office in Germany (Ann Arbor: University of
Michigan Press, 2016)Bradley Naranch and Geoff Eley, ed. German Colonialism in a Global Age
(Durham: Duke University Press, 2014)Andrew C. Gould and Anthony M. Messina, ed. Europe’s Contending
Identities: Supranationalism, Ethnoregionalism, Religion, and New Nationalism
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014)Kathrin Fahlenbrach Martin Klimke, and Joachim Scharloth, ed., Protest
Cultures: A Companion (New York: Berghahn Books, 2016)Udi Greenberg, The Weimar Century: German Émigrés and the Ideological
Foundations of the Cold War (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014)Heinrich August Winkler, The Age of Catastrophe: A History of the West,
1914-1945, trans. S. Spencer (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015)Philipp Ther, Europe Since 1989. A History, trans. Charlotte Hughes-
Kreutzmüller (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016)
Clinical characteristics and temporal profile of recovery in patients with favorable outcomes at 6 months after severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Vedantam Aditya , Robertson Claudia S. , Gopinath Shankar P. 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVEEarly withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment due to expected poor prognosis is responsible for the majority of in-house deaths in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). With increased focus on the decision and timing of withdrawal of care in patients with severe TBI, data on early neurological recovery in patients with a favorable outcome is needed to guide physicians and families.METHODSThe authors reviewed prospectively collected data obtained in 1241 patients with head injury who were treated between 1986 and 2012. Patients with severe TBI, motor Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS) score < 6 on admission, and those who had favorable outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] score of 4 or 5, indicating moderate disability or good recovery) at 6 months were selected. Baseline demographic, clinical, and imaging data were analyzed. The time from injury to the first record of following commands (mGCS score of 6) after injury was recorded. The temporal profile of GOS scores from discharge to 6 months after the injury was also assessed.RESULTSThe authors studied 218 patients (183 male and 35 female) with a mean age of 28.9 ± 11.2 years. The majority of patients were able to follow commands (mGCS score of 6) within the 1st week after injury (71.4%), with the highest percentage of patients in this group recovering on Day 1 (28.6%). Recovery to the point of following commands beyond 2 weeks after the injury was seen in 14.8% of patients, who experienced significantly longer durations of intracranial pressure monitoring (p = 0.001) and neuromuscular blockade (p < 0.001). In comparison with patients with moderate disability, patients with good recovery had a higher initial GCS score (p = 0.01), lower incidence of anisocoria at admission (p = 0.048), and a shorter ICU stay (p < 0.001) and total hospital stay (p < 0.001). There was considerable improvement in GOS scores from discharge to follow-up at 6 months.CONCLUSIONSUp to 15% of patients with a favorable outcome after severe TBI may begin to follow commands beyond 2 weeks after the injury. These data caution against early withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in patients with severe TBI.
The Anthropogenic Impact on Snow Chemistry at Colle Gnifetti, Swiss Alps
Authors: Wagenbach D. , Münnich K.O. , Schotterer U. , Oeschger H. 
Published: September 2017

By chemical analysis of the upper 40 m of a 124 m ice core from a high-altitude Alpine glacier (Colle Gnifetti, Swiss Alps; 4450 m a.s.l.), records of mineral dust, pH, melt-water conductivity, nitrate and sulfate are obtained. The characteristics of the drilling site are discussed, as derived from glacio-meteorological and chemical analysis. As a consequence of high snow-erosion rates (usually during the winter months), annual snow accumulation is dominated by summer precipitation. Clean-air conditions prevail even during summer; however, they are frequently interrupted by polluted air masses or by air masses which are heavily loaded with desert dust.Absolutely dated reference horizons for Saharan dust, together with the position of the broad nuclear-weapon tritium peak, provide the time-scale for the following statements:(1) Since at least the turn of the century the background melt-water conductivity has been rising steadily, as has the mean snow acidity. The trend of increasing background conductivity at Colle Gnifetti (1.9μS/cm around the beginning of this century, and at present 3.4 μS/cm) is found to be comparable with the records of mean melt-water conductivity reported from ice cores from the Canadian High Arctic.(2) Sulfate and nitrate concentrations are higher by a factor of 4–5 than they were at the beginning of the century. This is to be compared with the two- to three-fold rise in the concentrations in south Greenland during about the same time span.