bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To study the impact of glycemic control over cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetics patients using bedside tests at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Anjum Sumaiya , K. Suresh 
Published: April 2017

Background: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy a serious complication of diabetes and is often overlooked. It is associated with higher cardiovascular mortality and poor quality of life in diabetic individuals. The Glycemic control has been well established as the risk factor for all the diabetes related microvascular and macrovascular complications. This stresses importance of role of glycemic control over CAN in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetics in order to stop further progression to advanced and irreversible stages. The objective was to study the impact of various demographic and other clinical factors over prevalence of CAN in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients who are asymptomatic for CAN using bedside testsMethods: A case control comparative clinical study was undertaken comprising of 100 diabetic patients, both type 1 and type 2 with duration from 5-10 years and >10 years. The tests which were performed are deep breathing test, heart rate response to standing, hand grip test, cold pressor test, BP response to standing. Depending on these tests, patients were categorised as patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy and without cardiac autonomic neuropathy.Results: The prevalence of cardiac dysautonomia was 68%. Type 2 diabetics had higher prevalence of cardiac dysautonomia than type 1 diabetics (p=0.025). Significant correlation was observed between cardiac autonomic neuropathy and poor glycemic status (type 1 p<0.001; type 2 p<0.001). The mean HbA1c in patients with and without CAN in type 1DM was 9.16+0.81 and 7.21+0.56 and in type 2 DM was 9.15+1.72 and 7.15+0.53 respectively. Similarly, presence of other microvascular complications increased the prevalence of CAN in both types of diabetes mellitus.Conclusions: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a common complication in long standing diabetes. Present results suggest that glycemic status of the diabetics is undoubtedly an important factor for the onset of cardiac dysautonomia which in turn account for high prevalence of cardiac mortality in diabetic patients. All asymptomatic diabetic patients should be evaluated for the presence of autonomic neuropathy and glycemic status should be controlled to prevent the further progression of CAN.
Impact of adverse drug reaction of first line anti - tuberculous drugs on treatment outcome of tuberculosis under revised national tuberculosis control programme
Authors: Dedun Amit R. , Borisagar Ghanshyam B. , Solanki Rajesh N. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the major health care burden responsible for morbidity and mortality. The objective was to study the profile of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and its outcome.Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted in one of the RNTCP centre of Ahmedabad district. All TB patients visiting and taking short course of directly observed treatment (DOTS) were enrolled and monitored for ADRs. All the ADRs spontaneously reported or identified by the researcher were recorded and analyzed.Results: Total 974 patients screened during the study period 72 (7.79%) developed ADRs. Significantly higher occurrence of ADRs were in age group of 31- 40 years (p<0.01). Out of these 72 patients, 49 (68%) were having pulmonary TB. No statistically significant association was found between gender of patient, site of TB and occurrence of ADRs (p>0.05). Occurrence of ADRs was significantly more (p<0.05) in patients of category I TB (31, 43%). Out of the 49 (68%) pulmonary tuberculosis patients who developed ADR, 32 patients (44%) were sputum positive showing significant association (p<0.05). Gastro-intestinal side effects were most common ADRs followed by giddiness and headache. Nine patients required complete stoppage of offending agent, while 2 patients require treatment interruption and most of the patients (61) were managed with supportive medication without removing anti tubercular drug from their treatment regimen. Out of these 72 patients, majority (56) declared cured at the end of treatment.Conclusions: ADRs are major factor limiting completion of drug therapy under RNTCP and occurrence of drug resistance which requires attention of all health care professionals.
Características clínicas y paraclínicas del Síndrome de Guillain-Barré en el Hospital Regional Lambayeque
Authors: Ballón-Manrique Benigno , Campos-Ramos Neptalí 
Published: April 2017

Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas y paraclínicas de pacientes con síndrome de Guillain-Barré en el Hospital Regional Lambayeque entre los años 2011 y 2015. Material y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes con síndrome de Guillain-Barré atendidos en el Hospital Regional Lambayeque en la ciudad de Chiclayo-Perú, Resultados: Encontramos 16 pacientes con Síndrome de Guillain-Barré, 56% varones y 44% mujeres; la enfermedad se presentó mayormente en adultos de 20 a 60 años (44%). La mayor proporción de casos se dio durante las estaciones de invierno y primavera. El subtipo axonal fue el más común (62,5%). En cinco de seis pacientes en los que se practicó punción lumbar para efectuar tests de líquido cefalo-raquídeo se encontró disociación albuminocitológica. Cinco de los pacientes requirieron ventilación mecánica y tres de ellos fallecieron. Conclusiones: Esteprimer reporte del Síndrome de Guillain-Barré realizado en un hospital del norte del Perú, demuestra diferencias en las características clínicas y paraclínicas de nuestros pacientes.
Estados clínicos de alto riesgo para esquizofrenia y otras formas de psicosis: una breve revisión.
Authors: Cabrera Santiago A.S. , Michel Chantal , Cruzado Lizardo 
Published: April 2017

La esquizofrenia y cuadros psicóticos relacionados son trastornos complejos que generalmente emergen en el período de transición de la adolescencia hacia la adultez, por lo que sus consecuencias pueden ser deletéreas y producir un alto número de años de vida perdidos por discapacidad. Un importante factor pronóstico es el tiempo transcurridoentre el inicio de la enfermedad y el inicio del tratamiento farmacológico, por lo que la detección temprana de la enfermedad es factor imprescindible. En esta revisión se examinan aspectos históricos, neurobiológicos y concepciones acerca de los estadios clínicos de alto riesgo para el desarrollo de esquizofrenia. En el ámbito de predicción clínica se presentan el modelo de los “síntomas básicos” de Huber y Gross, y el modelo de “criterios de riesgo ultra alto para esquizofrenia” de Mc Gorry y colaboradores. Se revisan los debates y resultados de abordajes tanto farmacológicos como psicoterapéuticos y se subraya claramente la necesidad de utilizar protocolos de detección de las fases preclínicas de esquizofrenia y otras psicosis en nuestro país.
Active Optical Sensors in Irrigated Durum Wheat: Nitrogen and Water Effects
Authors: Bronson Kevin F. , White Jeffrey W. , Conley Matthew M. , Hunsaker Doug J. , Thorp Kelly R. , French Andrew N. , Mackey Bruce E. , Holland Kyle H. 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
Interest in the use of active optical sensors for guiding N fertilizer management of crops like wheat has grown rapidly since the mid‐1990s. Recently, active optical sensors have been used to assess water status of crops in addition to plant N status.
We conducted a 2‐yr study on a Casa Grande sandy loam soil in Maricopa, AZ, with durum wheat under an overhead sprinkler system. Uniquely, this study had 10 unrandomized levels of irrigation and five rates of N fertilizer.
The objectives were to compare 12 vegetation indices for their ability to distinguish irrigation and N fertilizer rates and to determine how well the vegetation indices estimated biomass, plant N, grain yield, grain N, and yellow berry.
The canopy chlorophyll content index, Datt, and Meris terrestrial chlorophyll index were the most consistent vegetation indices in responding well to N, with minimal water effects. No vegetation indices detected water stress with minimal N effect as well as canopy temperature measured with infrared thermometers.
Interest in active optical sensors (AOS) for guiding N fertilizer management of crops like wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has grown rapidly since their introduction in the mid‐1990s. Recently, AOS have been used to assess water status of crops in addition to plant N status. Specific vegetation indices (VIs) might assess N stress while minimizing effects of water stress. A 2‐yr study (2013–2014) was conducted on a Casa Grande sandy loam soil in Maricopa, AZ, with durum wheat (T. durum Desf) under an overhead sprinkler system. Uniquely, this study had 10 unrandomized levels of irrigation and five rates of N fertilizer. The objectives were to compare 12 VIs for their ability to distinguish irrigation and N fertilizer effects and to determine how well the VIs estimated biomass, plant N, grain yield, grain N, and yellow berry (opaque starchy grain). Two Crop Circle 470 AOS were passed at a fixed height, 1 m above the tallest plants in the field, every 7 to 10 d during the growing season. The normalize difference vegetation indices (NDVIs) showed highly significant response to N rate in three of four growth‐stage‐years, but significant water and small N effects at Zadoks 32 (early stem elongation) in 2014. The canopy chlorophyll content index (CCCI), DATT (Datt, 1999), and Meris terrestrial chlorophyll index (MTCI) were the most consistent VIs in distinguishing N rates, with minimal water effects. No VIs detected water stress with minimal N effect as well as the infrared thermometer (IRT) measurements of canopy temperature did.
Neighborhood Size of Training Data Influences Soil Map Disaggregation
Authors: Levi Matthew R. 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
Focal summaries of covariate data around sampling points affect model performance.
Support vector machine and random forest approaches produced the best results.
A 150‐m neighborhood emerged as the best model, albeit with a general soil map.
Multiscale covariate data reflect realistic patterns of soil–landscape features.
Soil class mapping relies on the ability of sample locations to represent portions of the landscape with similar soil types; however, most digital soil mapping (DSM) approaches intersect sample locations with one raster pixel per covariate layer regardless of pixel size. This approach does not take the variability of covariate information adjacent to the training data into account. The objective here was to disaggregate a soil map in a semiarid Arizona rangeland (78,569 ha) by exploring different neighborhood sizes for extracting covariate data to points. Eight machine learning algorithms were compared to assess the influence of summarizing covariate data in 0‐, 15‐, 30‐, 60‐, 90‐, 120‐, 150‐, and 180‐m circular neighborhoods and a multiscale model. Κ values of all models ranged between 0.24 and 0.44 and increased with neighborhood size up to 150 m. Support vector machine and random forest algorithms performed best across all scales. The radial support vector machine model using a 150‐m neighborhood had the highest Κ and produced a more generalized map compared with the best multiscale model (random forest), which resulted in a mix of general and detailed soil features. Evaluating a range of neighborhood sizes for aggregating covariate data provides a method of accounting for multiscale processes that are important for predicting soil patterns without modifying the pixel size of the final maps. Incorporating concepts from traditional soil surveys with DSM approaches can strengthen ties between them and optimize the extraction of landscape information for predicting soil properties.
PMQR Determinants Expression in Gram-negative Uropathogens Clinically Isolated from Hospitalized Patients with Pyelonephritis in Kharkiv, Ukraine
Authors: Chub Olga , Bilchenko Aleksandr V. , Teslenko Igor 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Resistance to beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones has been increasing in the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs), worldwide. Recent studies in Europe and the United States have demonstrated that steady increase in the rate of uropathogen’s resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics is associated with plasmid-mediated resistance genes existence. According to the published data, acquirеd rеsistance to quinolones is predоminantly mediated by plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants (PMQR) that cоmpromise the efficаcу of the first, second and third generation quinolones.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of PMQR genes among uropathogens from hospitalized patients with pyelonephritis and to identify the presence of genes involved in the resistance, specifically - aac(6')-Ib-cr, QnrA and efflux pump QepA.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study of 105 patients with pyelonephritis, treated in Kharkiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital, Ukraine was carried out. Bacterial isolates were collected, antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and screening for the presence of aac(6')-Ib-cr, QnrA and efflux pump QepA PMQR genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
Among 81 isolated gram negative bacterial strains, 39 (48.1%) were identified to carry different types of plasmid-mediated resistance determinants, among which 27 (69.2%) were found to be extended spectrum beta-lactamases producers, and 12 (30.8%) – were positive for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes. Most of the identified genes were found in P. mirabilis, E. coli and Serratia spp. strains with its prevalence of 62.5%, 52.8% and 50%, respectively. Most common isolated gene was efflux pump QepA. In this study, 100% of the PMQR producing isolates are identified as meropenem susceptible. Global resistance to fluoroquinolones was ≥ 20% among isolated gram-negative strains. Treatment by fluoroquinolones demonstrated the best favorable clinical response in the patients infected with ESBL-producing organisms, whereas cephalosporins were the most effective in patients infected with fluoroquinolone resistance uropathogens.

Conclusion:
Therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of UTI patients with resistant uropathogens, particularly in hospitalized patients, are limited. Rational use of antibiotics in practice and/or the proper detection of plasmid-mediated resistance genes among the bаcteria in cоmmunitiеs arе crucial for further prevention of antimicrobial resistance development.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MDR BACTERIA FROM IN VITRO CULTURE OF BACOPA MONNIERA AND SUPPLEMENTATION OF NATURAL EXTRACTS TO CONTROL BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION
Authors: Sharma Yash , Bhardwaj Manish , Nagar Anshita , Bhagat Neeta 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to isolate and characterize bacterial contamination from in vitro culture of Bacopa monniera callus culture.Methods: The two selected isolates (1 and 2) were identified by morphological, biochemical and molecular (16S rRNA gene sequencing) methods. Beside this antibiotic resistance was also determined.Results: The isolates were identified as closely related to Enterobacter cloacae (KU350623) (Isolate 1) and Myroides odoratimimus (KU382740) (Isolate 2). The isolate 1 and 2 were found to be resistant to streptomycin (25 mcg), dapsone (10 mcg), erythromycin (15 mcg), chloroamphenicol (25 mcg) and ampicillin (10 mcg). Supplementation of the natural extract was tested to control the contamination due to these multi drug resistant bacteria. Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica was added to plant tissue culture media i.e. MS media in order to control contamination.Conclusion: The present studies suggest using natural extracts supplementation as a promising strategy to control the in vitro bacterial contamination in plant tissue culture.
1. The Courage to Teach: Whitehead, Emotion, and the Adventure of Ideas
Authors: Woodhouse Howard Robert 
Published: April 2017

The importance of moral courage to teaching and learning has been recognized by a number of authors. The process pedagogy of Alfred North Whitehead proposes that emotion is central to experience and to the imaginative questioning which enables learning and the ability to stand up for one’s beliefs. Faculty who wish to connect with their students should recognize this fact lest ideas become “inert.” In contrast, process pedagogy encourages a holistic, cyclical approach in which students and faculty engage in the “adventure of ideas” as a balance between freedom and self-discipline. This search for new ideals involves certain risks, as both a recent example of alternative higher education and Whitehead’s own vision of the university show. Process pedagogy’s synthesis of the emotional and intellectual can spur imaginative critique and the capacity to put one’s ideas into practice.
11. Referencing and Citation for Graduate Students: Gain Without Pain
Authors: Krol Ed S. , Krol Lisa M. 
Published: April 2017

The objective of this paper is to share with other educators a teaching method that was developed to help graduate students, and potentially undergraduate students, understand how to properly reference and cite academic papers. In an attempt to teach rather than reprimand, a new teaching practice was developed for a graduate class at the University of Saskatchewan. The innovative assignment gave graduate students a short literature review to complete independently. The project then became a formative assessment of their referencing and citation skills. Student response was overwhelmingly positive. Upon successful completion, the instructor was assured of the students’ understanding of appropriate referencing and citation practices.
8. New Faculty Perceptions of Supervision and Mentoring: The Influence of Graduate School Experiences
Authors: Gadbois Shannon Ann , Graham Elizabeth 
Published: April 2017

This study examined new faculty members’ perceptions and approaches to student supervision and mentoring as related to their own experiences as doctoral students. Previous research has examined the graduate student-supervisor/mentor relationship but has yet to examine its impact on subsequent graduate student practices when they enter academic positions. Fourteen Canadian faculty members participated in a study on the experiences and expectations of doctoral candidates and early career academics. As a group, these new faculty members perceived that ideally a supervisor would also be a mentor. They perceived that a mentor shares professional and personal experience, functions as a ‘sounding board,’ provides guidance and advice, and helps prepare students for the work they are currently doing and for their career responsibilities in the future. A majority of these new faculty members reported that their graduate supervisors were not their only mentor or did not function as a mentor. Furthermore, all participants reported that they consciously made an effort to include mentorship as part of their supervisory role. These findings indicated that graduate students’ own experiences of being supervised and/or mentored informed approaches with their own students. This research shows the apparent value in studying the influences of these important graduate school relationships and demonstrates the way in which our perspectives on supervisory relationships may influence subsequent practice.
29. Discovery, Integration, Communication, and Engagement: Learning Through Scaffolds in a Field-Based Course
Authors: Yates Thomas T. 
Published: April 2017

A field-based course in an applied science program can have numerous learning outcomes. These are typically addressed through demonstration, active participation by the students, communication between students and instructor and amongst students, and independent work by students individually or in small groups. Such courses are also opportunities for students to develop their critical thinking. The author’s experience is that teaching techniques used to deliver field courses are generally inherent and based on the experience of the instructor and the teaching culture within the academic unit. These techniques are typically not drawn from the pedagogical literature, although they do have similarities to such established concepts such as scaffolds. Recognition of teaching concepts drawn from the pedagogical literature and their application to the design and teaching of field-based courses may improve the delivery of course material and provide a better student experience. Thinking and teaching in terms of the support that scaffolds represent may also smooth the transition from classroom to outdoors back to classroom. Supported learning based on established teaching methods will improve a student’s opportunity for Discovery, Integration, Communication and Engagement.
23. An Internal Audit of a Virtual Learning Space to Facilitate Clinical Decision-Making in Nursing
Authors: McEwan Beryl , Hercelinskyj Gylo 
Published: April 2017

In any nursing program, it is a challenge to foster an awareness of, and engagement with, the complexity and reality of nursing practice. During their studies, nursing students have to learn the relevant underpinning theoretical knowledge for practice as well as develop their understanding of the role and responsibilities of the registered nurse in clinical settings. At a regional Australian university the Bachelor of Nursing is offered externally with the student cohort predominantly off-campus. There are significant challenges in providing opportunities to enhance learning (Henderson, Twentyman, Heel, & Lloyd, 2006) and to foster early professional engagement with the nursing community of practice (Andrew, McGuiness, Reid, & Corcoran, 2009; Elliot, Efron, Wright, & Martinelli, 2003; Morales-Mann & Kaitell, 2001) in a context for learning nursing knowledge and inter-professional collaborative practice. This paper presents the results of a series of internal audits of students’ feedback of the Charles Darwin Hospital (CDU) vHospital™ undertaken from 2008 to 2010, following integration into theory and clinical nursing subjects in the Bachelor of Nursing program. The feedback from students demonstrates the value students place on teaching and learning activities that provide realistic situated learning opportunities (Hercelinskyj & McEwan, 2011).
10. Establishing Peer Mentor-Led Writing Groups in Large First-Year Courses
Authors: Marcoux Sarah , Marken Liv Catherine , Yu Stan 
Published: April 2017

This paper describes the results of a pilot project designed to improve students’ academic writing in a large (200-student) first-year Agriculture class at the University of Saskatchewan. In collaboration with the course’s professor, the Writing Centre coordinator and a summer student designed curriculum for four two-hour Writing Group sessions carved out of weekly scheduled lab times, and trained peer mentors to lead students through the writing process. Writing Groups fostered a sense of community in the otherwise-isolated process of writing a challenging term paper, and provided opportunities for rich and frequent feedback. Ultimately, Writing Groups were shown to demystify the process of academic writing, making it more manageable and accessible to students.