bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Botulinum toxin treatment for hypersalivation in anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis
Authors: Jun Jin‐Sun , Seo Han Gil , Lee Soon‐Tae , Chu Kon , Lee Sang Kun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHypersalivation is one of the intractable symptoms of anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. While anticholinergic medications partially improve the hypersalivation, they can aggravate the autonomic dysfunctions associated with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. Thus, we investigated the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A injection on hypersalivation refractory to anticholinergics in six patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. Hypersalivation was well‐controlled without remarkable adverse reaction over 16 weeks after botulinum toxin type A, although two patients were reinjected at 12 weeks due to reaggravation of hypersalivation. Our findings suggest that botulinum toxin type A might be a better choice than anticholinergics for management of hypersalivation in patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis.
Colloidal Stability and Surface Chemistry Are Key Factors for the Composition of the Protein Corona of Inorganic Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Johnston Blair D. , Kreyling Wolfgang G. , Pfeiffer Christian , Schäffler Martin , Sarioglu Hakan , Ristig Simon , Hirn Stephanie , Haberl Nadine , Thalhammer Stefan , Hauck Stefanie M. , Semmler‐Behnke Manuela , Epple Matthias , Hühn Jonas , Del Pino Pablo , Parak Wolfgang J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo study the influence of colloidal stability on protein corona formation, gold nanoparticles are synthesized with five distinct surface modifications: coating with citric acid, bis(p‐sulfonatophenyl)phenylphosphine dihydrate dipotassium salt, thiol‐terminated methoxy‐polyethylene glycol, dodecylamine‐grafted poly(isobutylene‐alt‐maleic anhydride), and dodecylamine‐grafted poly(isobutylene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) conjugated with polyethylene glycol. The nanoparticles are incubated with serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from C57BL/6 mice (15 min or 24 h) to assess the effect of differential nanoparticle surface presentation on protein corona formation in the air–blood barrier exposure pathway. Proteomic quantification and nanoparticle size measurements are used to assess protein corona formation. We show that surface modification has a clear effect on the size and the composition of the protein corona that is related to the colloidal stability of the studied nanoparticles. Additionally, differences in the composition and size of the protein corona are shown between biological media and duration of exposure, indicating evolution of the corona through this exposure pathway. Consequently, a major determinant of protein corona formation is the colloidal stability of nanoparticles in biological media and chemical or environmental modification of the nanoparticles alters the surface presentation of the functional epitope in vivo. Therefore, the colloidal stability of nanoparticles has a decisive influence on nano–bio interactions.
A High‐On/Off‐Ratio Floating‐Gate Memristor Array on a Flexible Substrate via CVD‐Grown Large‐Area 2D Layer Stacking
Authors: Vu Quoc An , Kim Hyun , Nguyen Van Luan , Won Ui Yeon , Adhikari Subash , Kim Kunnyun , Lee Young Hee , Yu Woo Jong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMemristors such as phase‐change memory and resistive memory have been proposed to emulate the synaptic activities in neuromorphic systems. However, the low reliability of these types of memories is their biggest challenge for commercialization. Here, a highly reliable memristor array using floating‐gate memory operated by two terminals (source and drain) using van der Waals layered materials is demonstrated. Centimeter‐scale samples (1.5 cm × 1.5 cm) of MoS2 as a channel and graphene as a trap layer grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are used for array fabrication with Al2O3 as the tunneling barrier. With regard to the memory characteristics, 93% of the devices exhibit an on/off ratio of over 103 with an average ratio of 104. The high on/off ratio and reliable endurance in the devices allow stable 6‐level memory applications. The devices also exhibit excellent memory durability over 8000 cycles with a negligible shift in the threshold voltage and on‐current, which is a significant improvement over other types of memristors. In addition, the devices can be strained up to 1% by fabricating on a flexible substrate. This demonstration opens a practical route for next‐generation electronics with CVD‐grown van der Waals layered materials.
Concepts, Working Principles, and Applications of Coding and Programmable Metamaterials
Authors: Liu Shuo , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAs a digital version of metamaterials, coding and programmable metamaterials have experienced rapid development since they were initially proposed in 2014. Unlike conventional metamaterials that are characterized by the sophisticated effective medium theory, coding metamaterials are described in a much simpler manner with binary codes, which builds up a bridge between the physical world and the digital world. In this article, the development of coding and programmable metamaterials in the past three years is reviewed, focusing primarily on the basic concept, working principle, design method, fabrication, and experimental validation. First, reflection‐type and refraction‐type coding metamaterials, along with two bifunctional coding metamaterials, are presented in the microwave, terahertz, and acoustic regimes. Second, the digital convolution theorem and information entropy of coding metamaterials are introduced to demonstrate the strong connection between metamaterials and information science. Then, recent progresses on engineering realization of field‐programmable metamaterials are demonstrated, including the compensation technique of plane waves under point source illumination, and applications in single‐sensor single‐frequency imaging systems. Finally, future directions and potential applications are summarized, followed by discussions on major challenges encountered in the design and fabrication of programmable metamaterials at higher frequencies.
Practical Syntheses of Terrylene Chromophores from Naphthalene and Perylene Building Blocks
Authors: Uersfeld Daniel , Stappert Sebastian , Li Chen , Müllen Klaus 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA facile and efficient method to synthesize terrylene imides, a unique class of chromophores, and their derivatives from commercially available naphthalene and perylene building blocks is reported. We developed an extremely efficient Suzuki/C−H‐arylation coupling cascade with Pd2(dba)3/PCy3 (dba=dibenzylidenacetone, Cy=cyclohexyl) as the catalyst and highly soluble naphthalene derivatives as starting materials. This efficiency allows purification via precipitation and crystallization, avoiding time‐consuming column chromatography. For the first time, the highly soluble 3,4,11,12‐terrylene tetraester was prepared in gram scale with yields up to 75% which thus becomes a versatile starting material for the synthesis of new terrylene derivatives. The presented method not only allows the synthesis of terrylene dyes and pigments, but also presents a route towards perylene and terrylene monoimides which is an advantageous simplification of previously reported synthetic procedures.magnified image
Evaluating minimally invasive sample collection methods for telomere length measurement
Authors: Goldman Elisabeth A. , Eick Geeta N. , Compton Devan , Kowal Paul , Snodgrass J. Josh , Eisenberg Dan T.A. , Sterner Kirstin N. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesTelomere length (TL) is a biomarker of aging and age‐related decline. Although venous blood is considered the “gold standard” for TL measurement, its collection is often not feasible or desired in nonclinical settings. Saliva and dried blood spots (DBS) have been used as alternatives when venipuncture cannot be performed. However, it is not known whether these sample types yield TL measurements comparable to those obtained from venous blood. We sought to determine whether different samples from the same individual yield comparable TL measurements.MethodsWe extracted DNA from matched buffy coat, saliva (Oragene and Oasis), and DBS (venous and capillary) samples from 40 women aged 18‐77 years. We used the monochrome multiplex qPCR (MMQPCR) assay to measure TL in all sample types for each participant and applied quality control measures to retain only high‐quality samples for analysis. We then compared TL from buffy coat and saliva to examine how these measurements differ and to test if TL is correlated across sample types.ResultsTL differed significantly across buffy coat, Oragene saliva, and Oasis saliva samples. TL from buffy coat and Oragene saliva was moderately correlated (ρ = 0.48, P = .002) and the most similar in size. Oasis saliva TL was not correlated with buffy coat or Oragene saliva TL, and was the shortest. DBS DNA yields were inadequate for TL measurement using the MMQPCR assay.ConclusionsUsing a matched dataset we demonstrate that sample type significantly influences the TL measurement obtained using the MMQPCR assay.
Total Syntheses of the Isomeric Aglain Natural Products Foveoglin A and Perviridisin B: Selective Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton‐Transfer Photocycloaddition
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Clay Anthony , Krishnan Retheesh , Lajkiewicz Neil J. , Brown Lauren E. , Sivaguru Jayaraman , Porco John A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSelective excited‐state intramolecular proton‐transfer (ESIPT) photocycloaddition of 3‐hydroxyflavones with trans, trans‐1,4‐diphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene is described. Using this methodology, total syntheses of the natural products (±)‐foveoglin A and (±)‐perviridisin B were accomplished. Enantioselective ESIPT photocycloaddition using TADDOLs as chiral hydrogen‐bonding additives provided access to (+)‐foveoglin A. Mechanistic studies have revealed the possibility for a photoinduced electron‐transfer (PET) pathway.
Experimental and Computational Study of an Unexpected Iron‐Catalyzed Carboetherification by Cooperative Metal and Ligand Substrate Interaction and Proton Shuttling
Authors: El‐Sepelgy Osama , Brzozowska Aleksandra , Azofra Luis Miguel , Jang Yoon Kyung , Cavallo Luigi , Rueping Magnus 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn iron‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of allenols to deoxygenated pyranose glycals has been developed. Combined experimental and computational studies show that the iron complex exhibits a dual catalytic role in that the non‐innocent cyclopentadienone ligand acts as proton shuttle by initial hydrogen abstraction from the alcohol and by facilitating protonation and deprotonation events in the isomerization and demetalation steps. Molecular orbital analysis provides insight into the unexpected and selective formation of the 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran.
The effect of sodium stearate‐modified hydrocalumite on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Yang Huan , Yang Zhanhong 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTHydrocalumite as a new‐type of thermal stabilizer used in poly(vinyl chloride) resin had been well prepared by using precipitation transformation method. The as‐prepared hydrocalumite was then modified by sodium stearate in different condition including temperature, stirring time, and the amount of sodium stearate. Scanning electron microscopy tests demonstrate that hydrocalumite had been well modified. Illustrated by activation grade, the static oven heat aging experiments and the rate of thermal weight loss, it turns out that the best modification condition is when the addition of sodium stearate is 6% of hydrocalumite (wt), the reacting temperature is 90 °C, and the stirring time is 100 min. Static thermal aging test shows that the aging time got improved at least 30 min under the high temperature of 190 °C, and the time when Congo red test paper began to turn blue for modified hydrocalumite is 20 min longer than that of unmodified hydrocalumite. All results turn out to be that the hydrocalumite modified by sodium stearate in such condition had good compatibility with poly(vinyl chloride) and presented better thermal stability. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45758.
Preparation of polycarbonate/poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene)/mesoporous silica nanocomposite films and its rheological, mechanical, and sound absorption properties
Authors: Sim Sora , Kwon Oh Min , Ahn Kyung Hyun , Lee Hyeong Rae , Kang Yeon June , Cho Eun‐Bum 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe homogeneous polycarbonate/poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) (PC/ABS) nanocomposite thin films were prepared by a facile solvent casting method using phenylene modified‐mesoporous silica materials as additives and dichloromethane as a solvent. The physicochemical analyses using small‐angle X‐ray scattering, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, solid‐state 13C and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscope were investigated to provide clear physical and chemical properties for modified‐mesoporous materials and nanocomposite films. Tensile tests were performed at room temperature according to ASTM D638. Rheological properties were also analyzed to observe any variance of solid–liquid property. As a compatibilizer and a reinforcing filler, mesoporous (organo‐)silicas showed enhanced features in rheological and mechanical properties. The sound absorption coefficient was measured by the impedance tube up to 6400 Hz according to ISO 10534‐2. It was found that the PC/ABS nanocomposites containing mesoporous materials can be used as a sound‐proofing support material depending on fabrication process. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45777.
Epoxy resins toughened with in situ azide–alkyne polymerized polysulfones
Authors: Ying Wu Bin , Yang Hee Sang , Moon Da Som , Lee Min Woo , Ko Na Yeong , Kwak Nho Hoon , Lee Bumjae , Zhu Jin , Zhang Ruoyu 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTTo simultaneously improve the fracture toughness and heat resistance of a cured toughened epoxy resin along with a reduction in its viscosity during the mixing process, two novel polysulfone‐type polymers are synthesized via azide–alkyne polymerization for use as toughening agents. The epoxy resin toughened with these polymers by in situ azide–alkyne polymerization during the cure process, which shows excellent processibility and based on the significantly lower viscosity (61 and 62 cP) during epoxy mixing process than that of commonly commercial polyethersulfone (PES, 127,612 cP). The novel polysulfone‐type polymer toughened epoxy resin showed the advantage in excellent fracture toughness than the PES toughened epoxy. In addition, the glass transition temperature of the novel polysulfone‐type polymer toughened epoxy resin is similar to that of the neat one (∼230 °C) and does not decrease, which implies excellent heat resistance of the toughened epoxy. These phenomena can be attributed to the formation of semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks comprising the epoxy network and the linear polysulfone‐type polymers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45790.
The Role of Ellis‐Van Creveld 2(EVC2) in Mice During Cranial Bone Development
Authors: Kwon Edwin K. , Louie Ke'ale , Kulkarni Anshul , Yatabe Marilia , Ruellas Antonio Carlos de Oliveira , Snider Taylor N. , Mochida Yoshiyuki , Cevidanes Lucia H. S. , Mishina Yuji , Zhang Honghao 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTEvC syndrome is a type of autosomal‐recessive chondrodysplasia. Previous case studies in patients suggest abnormal craniofacial development, in addition to dwarfism and tooth abnormalities. To investigate how craniofacial development is affected in EvC patients, surface models were generated from micro‐CT scans of control mice, Evc2 global mutant mice and Evc2 neural crest‐specific mutant mice. The anatomic landmarks were placed on the surface model to assess the morphological abnormalities in the Evc2 mutants. Through analyzing the linear and angular measurements between landmarks, we identified a smaller overall skull, shorter nasal bone, shorter frontal bone, and shorter cranial base in the Evc2 global mutants. By comparing neural crest‐specific Evc2 mutants with control mice, we demonstrated that the abnormalities within the mid‐facial regions are not accounted for by the Evc2 mutation within these regions. Additionally, we also identified disproportionate length to width ratios in the Evc2 mutants at all levels from anterior to posterior of the skull. Overall, this study demonstrates a more comprehensive analysis on the craniofacial morphological abnormalities in EvC syndrome and provides the developmental insight to appreciate the impact of Evc2 mutation within the neural crest cells on multiple aspects of skull deformities. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 301:46–55, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase III Randomized Study of SB5, an Adalimumab Biosimilar, Versus Reference Adalimumab in Patients With Moderate‐to‐Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Weinblatt Michael E. , Baranauskaite Asta , Niebrzydowski Jaroslaw , Dokoupilova Eva , Zielinska Agnieszka , Jaworski Janusz , Racewicz Artur , Pileckyte Margarita , Jedrychowicz‐Rosiak Krystyna , Cheong Soo Yeon , Ghil Jeehoon 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveSB5 is a biosimilar agent for adalimumab (ADA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and immunogenicity of SB5 in comparison with reference ADA in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsIn this phase III, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group study, patients with moderately to severely active RA despite treatment with methotrexate were randomized 1:1 to receive SB5 or reference ADA at a dosage of 40 mg subcutaneously every other week. The primary efficacy end point was the response rate based on the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) at week 24 in the per‐protocol set (completer analysis). Additional end points included efficacy, PK, safety, and immunogenicity assessments.ResultsOf the 544 patients randomized to receive a study drug, the full analysis set comprised 542 patients (269 in the SB5 group, 273 in the reference ADA group) and the per‐protocol set comprised 476 patients (239 receiving SB5, 237 receiving reference ADA). The ACR20 response rate at week 24 in the per‐protocol set was equivalent between those receiving SB5 and those receiving reference ADA (72.4% and 72.2%, respectively); the difference in the ACR20 response rate (0.1%, [95% confidence interval −7.83%, 8.13%]) was within the predefined equivalence margin (±15%). Similar results were seen in the full analysis set (missing data being considered a nonresponse). The SB5 and reference ADA treatment groups were comparable across other end points, including the ACR 50% and ACR 70% improvement response rates, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints based on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, PK data, incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events, and the antidrug antibody response. Subgroup analyses showed that the efficacy and safety of SB5 and reference ADA were comparable regardless of antidrug antibody status.ConclusionThe ACR20 response rate at week 24 was equivalent between patients treated with the biosimilar agent SB5 and those treated with reference ADA. SB5 and reference ADA were both well tolerated, with comparable safety profiles, in patients with RA.
Copper‐Catalyzed Alkynylboration of Alkenes with Diboron Reagents and Bromoalkynes
Authors: Gong Tian‐Jun , Yu Shang‐Hai , Li Kuan , Su Wei , Lu Xi , Xiao Bin , Fu Yao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of homopropargylboronates by copper‐catalyzed alkynylboration of alkenes with diboron reagents and bromoalkynes has been developed. The alkynylboration reaction features high selectivity and efficiency, mild reaction conditions, wide substrate scope, and functional‐group compatibility, and is a highly attractive complement to existing methods for the synthesis of homopropargylboronates. Both the boryl and alkynyl groups are good potential functional groups for the subsequent manipulations that provide access to a variety of important molecule structures.
Solvent‐Driven Iodine‐Mediated Oxidative Strategies for the Synthesis of Bis(imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐yl)sulfanes and Disulfanes
Authors: Shakoor S. M. Abdul , Agarwal Devesh S. , Khullar Sadhika , Mandal Sanjay K. , Sakhuja Rajeev 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo efficient iodine‐mediated strategies, which are economical and one‐pot, are described to access bis(imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐yl)sulfanes and bis(imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐yl)disulfanes in chloroform and acetic acid, respectively, by a direct oxidative homocoupling of imidazo‐heterocycles using inexpensive sodium sulfide as a sulfur source. These strategies are scalable, and an array of substrates delivered their corresponding stable sulfur‐bridged imidazo‐heterocycles in excellent yields.
Dynamic Mg2B8 Cluster: A Nanoscale Compass
Authors: Wang Ying‐Jin , Feng Lin‐Yan , Guo Jin‐Chang , Zhai Hua‐Jin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBoron‐based binary cluster Mg2B8 is shown to adopt a compass‐like structure via computational global searches, featuring an Mg2 dimer as the needle and a disk‐shaped B8 molecular wheel as baseplate. The nanocompass has a diameter of 0.35 nm. Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations indicate that Mg2B8 is structurally fluxional with the needle rotating freely on the baseplate, analogous to a functioning compass. The dynamics is readily initiated via a ultrasoft vibrational mode. The rotational barrier is only 0.1 kcal mol−1 at the single‐point CCSD(T) level. Chemical bonding analysis suggests that the cluster compass can be formulated as [Mg2]2+[B8]2−; that is, the baseplate and the needle are held together primarily through ionic interactions. The baseplate is doubly aromatic with π and σ sextets. The bonding pattern provides a dilute, continuous, and delocalized electron cloud, which underlies the dynamics of the nanocompass.
Decremental responses in patients with motor neuron disease
Authors: Alanazy Mohammed H. , Hegedus Janka , White Chris , Korngut Lawrence 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveInvolvement of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been reported and is increasingly recognized as an important pathophysiological aspect. The relationship between decrement and clinical measures for possible application as a biomarker has not been comprehensively explored.MethodsWe performed routine repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) of three nerves on patients with ALS. We captured measures of muscle strength, grip strength, fatigability, and calculated slow vital capacity (SVC) rates of change assessing for associations.ResultsIn 42 subjects, 210 muscles were studied. Negative correlation was found between the percentage of decrement and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude. Approximately half of the patients with hand weakness did not have decrement. There was no significant correlation between decrement and handgrip fatigue, SVC < 80% predicted, or more rapid worsening of SVC over time.ConclusionsAbnormal decremental responses are well described in ALS. We report that the degree of decremental response does not correlate with the degree of weakness. Abnormal decrement is only rarely present in nerve–muscle pairs with normal motor power. Our findings did not support a correlation between abnormal decrement and clinical measures suggesting that RNS may not be useful as a biomarker to monitor ALS progression.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae‐associated encephalitis complicated by cerebral salt wasting syndrome
Authors: Lin Ya‐Lan , Hung Kun‐Long , Lo Chiao‐Wei 
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical MessageCerebral salt wasting syndrome can occur in children with encephalitis. Clinicians should be aware of hyponatremia in patients who develop polyuria with the signs of dehydration and deteriorated consciousness. Furthermore, patients who present with status epilepticus or who are suspected to have high intracranial pressure may have an increased risk of cerebral salt wasting syndrome.