bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of type 2 diabetes in China: the Happy Life Club, a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial using health coaches
Authors: Browning Colette , Chapman Anna , Yang Hui , Liu Shuo , Zhang Tuohong , Enticott Joanne C , Thomas Shane A 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of a coach-led motivational interviewing (MI) intervention in improving glycaemic control, as well as clinical, psychosocial and self-care outcomes of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with usual care.DesignPragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT).SettingCommunity Health Stations (CHSs) in Fengtai district, Beijing, China.ParticipantsOf the 41 randomised CHSs (21 intervention and 20 control), 21 intervention CHSs (372 participants) and 18 control CHSs (296 participants) started participation.InterventionIntervention participants received telephone and face-to-face MI health coaching in addition to usual care from their CHS. Control participants received usual care only. Medical fees were waived for both groups.Outcome measuresOutcomes were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Primary outcome measure was glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary outcomes included a suite of anthropometric, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood, psychosocial and self-care measures.ResultsAt 12 months, no differential treatment effect was found for HbA1c (adjusted difference 0.02, 95% CI −0.40 to 0.44, p=0.929), with both treatment and control groups showing significant improvements. However, two secondary outcomes: psychological distress (adjusted difference −2.38, 95% CI −4.64 to −0.12, p=0.039) and systolic BP (adjusted difference −3.57, 95% CI −6.08 to −1.05, p=0.005) were robust outcomes consistent with significant differential treatment effects, as supported in sensitivity analyses. Interestingly, in addition to HbA1c, both groups displayed significant improvements in triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.ConclusionsIn line with the current Chinese primary healthcare reform, this study is the first large-scale cluster RCT to be implemented within real-world CHSs in China, specifically addressing T2DM. Although a differential treatment effect was not observed for HbA1c, numerous outcomes (including HbA1c) improved in both groups, supporting the establishment of regular, free clinical health checks for people with T2DM in China.Trial registration numberISRCTN01010526; Pre-results.
Observational study of the effects of traumatic injury, haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation on the microcirculation: a protocol for the MICROSHOCK study
Authors: Hutchings Sam , Naumann David N , Harris Tim , Wendon Julia , Midwinter Mark J 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionThe microcirculation is the physiological site of oxygen and substrate exchange. Its effectiveness during circulatory shock is vital for the perfusion of tissues, and has a bearing on subsequent organ function and prognosis. Microcirculatory dysfunction following traumatic haemorrhagic shock (THS) has been understudied compared with other pathologies such as sepsis. The aim of the MICROSHOCK study is to investigate changes seen in the microcirculation of patients following THS, and to assess its response to resuscitation. A greater understanding of the behaviour and mechanisms of microcirculatory dysfunction in this context may direct future avenues of goal-directed resuscitation for these patients.Methods and analysisThis multicentre prospective longitudinal observational study includes patients who present as an emergency with THS. Microcirculatory parameters are recorded using sublingual incident dark field microscopy alongside measurements of global flow (oesophageal Doppler and transthoracic echocardiography). Patients are enrolled into the study as soon as feasible after they arrive in hospital, and then at subsequent daily time points. Blood samples are taken for investigation into the mechanisms of microcirculatory dysfunction. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores will be analysed with microcirculatory parameters to determine whether they correlate with greater fidelity than more conventional, global circulatory parameters.Ethics and disseminationResearch Ethics Committee approval has been granted for this study (Reference: 14/YH/0078). Owing to the nature of THS, capacity for informed consent will be absent on patient enrolment. This will be addressed according to the Mental Health Capacity Act 2005. The physician in charge of the patient's care (nominated consultee) may consent on behalf of the patient. Consent will also be sought from a personal consultee (close relative or friend). After capacity is regained, the participant will be asked for their consent. Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journal format and presented at relevant academic meetings.Trial registration numberNCT02111109; Pre-results.
Development of ASG-15ME, a Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate TargetingSLITRK6, a New Urothelial Cancer Biomarker
Authors: Morrison Kendall , Challita-Eid Pia M. , Raitano Arthur , An Zili , Yang Peng , Abad Joseph D. , Liu Wendy , Lortie Dawn Ratay , Snyder Josh T. , Capo Linnette , Verlinsky Alla , Aviña Hector , Doñate Fernando , Joseph Ingrid B.J. , Pereira Daniel S. , Morrison Karen , Stover David R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSLITRK6 is a member of the SLITRK family of neuronal transmembrane proteins that was discovered as a bladder tumor antigen using suppressive subtractive hybridization. Extensive immunohistochemistry showed SLITRK6 to be expressed in multiple epithelial tumors, including bladder, lung, and breast cancer as well as in glioblastoma. To explore the possibility of using SLITRK6 as a target for an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC), we generated a panel of fully human mAbs specific for SLITRK6. ADCs showed potent in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activity after conjugation to Monomethyl Auristatin E or Monomethyl Auristatin F. The most potent ADC, ASG-15ME, was selected as the development candidate and given the product name AGS15E. ASG-15ME is currently in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer. This is the first report that SLITRK6 is a novel antigen in bladder cancer and also the first report of the development of ASG-15ME for the treatment of metastatic bladder cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1301–10. ©2016 AACR.
Place of death in rural palliative care: A systematic review
Authors: Rainsford Suzanne , MacLeod Roderick D , Glasgow Nicholas J 
Published: March 2016

Background: There have been many studies on the actual and preferred place of care and death of palliative patients; however, most have been whole population surveys and/or urban focused. Data and preferences for terminally ill rural patients and their unofficial carers have not been systematically described. Aim: To describe the actual place of death and preferred place of care and/or death in rural palliative care settings. Method: A systematic mixed studies review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Data source: PubMed, PsychINFO, Scopus and CINAHL databases were searched (September to December 2014); eligible quantitative and qualitative studies included preferred and/or actual place of death/care of rural, regional or remote residents; rural data that are clearly identifiable; death due to palliative condition (malignant and non-malignant) or survey of participants with current or hypothetical life-limiting illness. Results: A total of 25 studies described actual place of death; 12 preferred place of care or death (2 studies reported both); most deaths occurred in hospital with home as the preferred place of care/death; however qualitative studies suggest that preferences are not absolute; factors associated with place are not adequately described as rurality was an independent variable; significant heterogeneity (rural setting and participants), however, many areas had a greater chance of home death than in cities; rural data are embedded in population reports rather than from specific rural studies. Conclusion: Home is the preferred place of rural death; however, more work is needed to explore influencing factors, absolute importance of preferences and experience of providing and receiving palliative care in rural hospitals which often function as substitute hospice.
Music therapy for end-of-life care: An updated systematic review
Authors: McConnell Tracey , Scott David , Porter Sam 
Published: March 2016

Background: Music therapy during palliative and end-of-life care is well established and positive benefits for patients have been reported. Aim: Assess the effectiveness of music therapy versus standard care alone or standard care in combination with other therapies for improving psychological, physiological and social outcomes among adult patients in any palliative care setting. Data sources: In order to update an existing Cochrane systematic review, we searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov register and Current Controlled Trials register to identify randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials published between 2009 and April 2015. Nine electronic music therapy journals were searched from 2009 until April 2015, along with reference lists and contact was made with key experts in music therapy. Only studies published in English were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, assessed relevant studies for eligibility, extracted data and judged risk of bias for included studies. Disagreements were resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. Data were synthesised in Revman using the random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Results: Three studies were included in the review. Findings suggest that music therapy may be effective for helping to reduce pain in palliative care patients (standard mean deviation = −0.42, 95% confidence interval = −0.68 to −0.17, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Available evidence did not support the use of music therapy to improve overall quality of life in palliative care. While this review suggests that music therapy may be effective for reducing pain, this is based on studies with a high risk of bias. Further high-quality research is required.
Discriminant validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory to confirmed clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Phan Tina , Carter Owen , Adams Claire , Waterer Grant , Chung Li Ping , Hawkins Maxine , Rudd Cobie , Ziman Mel , Strobel Natalie 
Published: March 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the discriminant validity of commonly used depression and anxiety screening tools in order to determine the most suitable tool for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD patients ( n = 56) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). These scores were compared to confirmed clinical diagnoses of depression and anxiety using the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview. HADS depression subscale (HADS-D) sensitivity/specificity was 78/81%; BDI-II 89/77%; HADS anxiety subscale (HADS-A) 71/81%; and BAI 89/62%. HADS-D sensitivity/specificity was improved (100/83%) with the removal of Q4 ‘I feel as if I am slowed down’ and adjusted cut-off (≥5). Removal of BDI-II Q21 ‘Loss of interest in sex’ with adjusted cut-off ≥12 resulted in similar improvement (100/79%). No problematic items were identified for HADS-A or BAI. Previously reported low sensitivity/specificity of the HADS for COPD patients was not replicated. Furthermore, simple modifications of the HADS-D markedly improved sensitivity/specificity for depression. BDI-II, HADS-A and BAI produced acceptable sensitivity/specificity unmodified. Pending further research for COPD patients we recommend continued use of the HADS-A with standard cut-off (≥8) and removal of Q4 of the HADS-D with lower cut-off ≥5.
Accuracy and precision of smartphone applications and commercially available motion sensors in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Balto Julia M , Kinnett-Hopkins Dominique L , Motl Robert W 
Published: March 2016

Background There is increased interest in the application of smartphone applications and wearable motion sensors among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Objective This study examined the accuracy and precision of common smartphone applications and motion sensors for measuring steps taken by MS patients while walking on a treadmill. Methods Forty-five MS patients (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) = 1.0–5.0) underwent two 500-step walking trials at comfortable walking speed on a treadmill. Participants wore five motion sensors: the Digi-Walker SW-200 pedometer (Yamax), the UP2 and UP Move (Jawbone), and the Flex and One (Fitbit). The smartphone applications were Health (Apple), Health Mate (Withings), and Moves (ProtoGeo Oy). Results The Fitbit One had the best absolute (mean = 490.6 steps, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 485.6–495.5 steps) and relative accuracy (1.9% error), and absolute (SD = 16.4) and relative precision (coefficient of variation (CV) = 0.0), for the first 500-step walking trial; this was repeated with the second trial. Relative accuracy was correlated with slower walking speed for the first ( rs = −.53) and second ( rs = −.53) trials. Conclusion The results suggest that the waist-worn Fitbit One is the most precise and accurate sensor for measuring steps when walking on a treadmill, but future research is needed (testing the device across a broader range of disability, at different speeds, and in real-life walking conditions) before inclusion in clinical research and practice with MS patients.
The activity of heterotrophic bacteria on the DOM - metal complex affects copper speciation and bioavailability in aquatic ecosystem
Authors: Nogueira Patricia Franklin Mayrink , Nogueira Marcelo Menezes , Melão Maria da Graça Gama , Lombardi Ana Teresa 
Published: March 2016

Metals are mainly released into the environment by industrial processes where dissolved organic materials (DOM) are present. Â This investigation focused on modification of copper species in the presence of aquatic heterotrophic bacteria assemblage and natural dissolved organic materials. Copper dynamics during bacteria growth was evaluated through the determination of dissolved and particulate copper. The results showed a reduction of organic carbon, an increase of free Cu2+ ions followed by adsorbed and internalized copper. This study demonstrated a relevant environmental consequence of heterotrophic bacteria activity related to copper speciation in aquatic ecosystem suggesting that as a result of heterotrophic bacteria activity upon DOM,Â more toxic copper species were released into the environment.
Influence of Knee-to-Feet Jump Training on Vertical Jump and Hang Clean Performance
Authors: Stark Laura , Pickett Karla , Bird Michael , King Adam C. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Stark, L, Pickett, K, Bird, M, and King, AC. Influence of knee-to-feet jump training on vertical jump and hang clean performance. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3084–3089, 2016—From a motor learning perspective, the practice/training environment can result in positive, negative, or neutral transfer to the testing conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine the training effect of a novel movement (knee-to-feet [K2F] jumps) and whether a 6-week training program induced a positive transfer effect to other power-related movements (vertical jump and hang clean [HC]). Twenty-six intercollegiate athletes from power-emphasized sports were paired and counter-balanced into a control (i.e., maintained their respective sport-specific lifting regimen) or an experimental group (i.e., completed a 6-week progressive training program of K2F jumps in addition to respective lifting regimen). A pre- and posttest design was used to investigate the effect of training on K2F jump height and transfer effect to vertical jump height (VJH) and 2-repetition maximum (RM) HC performance. A significant increase in K2F jump height was found for the experimental group. Vertical jump height significantly increased from pre- to posttest but no group or interaction (group × time) effect was found, and there were nonsignificant differences for HC. Posttest data showed significant correlations between all pairs of the selected exercises with the highest correlation between K2F jump height and VJ H (R
2 = 0.40) followed by VJH and 2RM HC (R
2 = 0.38) and 2RM HC and K2F jump height (R
2 = 0.23). The results suggest that K2F jump training induced the desired learning effect but was specific to the movement in that no effect of transfer occurred to the other power-related movements. This finding is value for strength and condition professionals who design training programs to enhance athletic performance.
Do Lower-Body Dimensions and Body Composition Explain Vertical Jump Ability?
Authors: Caia Johnpaul , Weiss Lawrence W. , Chiu Loren Z.F. , Schilling Brian K. , Paquette Max R. , Relyea George E. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Caia, J, Weiss, LW, Chiu, LZF, Schilling, BK, Paquette, MR, and Relyea, GE. Do lower-body dimensions and body composition explain vertical jump ability? J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3073–3083, 2016—Vertical jump (VJ) capability is integral to the level of success attained by individuals participating in numerous sport and physical activities. Knowledge of factors related to jump performance may help with talent identification and/or optimizing training prescription. Although myriad variables are likely related to VJ, this study focused on determining if various lower-body dimensions and/or body composition would explain some of the variability in performance. Selected anthropometric dimensions were obtained from 50 university students (25 men and 25 women) on 2 occasions separated by 48 or 72 hours. Estimated body fat percentage (BF%), height, body weight, hip width, pelvic width, bilateral quadriceps angle (Q-angle), and bilateral longitudinal dimensions of the feet, leg, thigh, and lower limb were obtained. Additionally, participants completed countermovement VJs. Analysis showed BF% to have the highest correlation with countermovement VJ displacement (r = –0.76, p < 0.001). When examining lower-body dimensions, right-side Q-angle displayed the strongest association with countermovement VJ displacement (r = –0.58, p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that 2 different pairs of variables accounted for the greatest variation (66%) in VJ: (a) BF% and sex and (b) BF% and body weight. Regression models involving BF% and lower-body dimensions explained up to 61% of the variance observed in VJ. Although the variance explained by BF% may be increased by using several lower-body dimensions, either sex identification or body weight explains comparatively more. Therefore, these data suggest that the lower-body dimensions measured herein have limited utility in explaining VJ performance.
Males and Females Pace Differently in High School Cross-Country Races
Authors: Deaner Robert O. , Lowen Aaron 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Deaner, RO and Lowen, A. Males and females pace differently in high school cross-country races. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 2991–2997, 2016—Previous studies have demonstrated that men are more likely than women to slow in the marathon, but it is unknown whether the sex difference in pacing occurs for other race distances. This study addressed this question by analyzing the 5-km Virginia State Championship high school cross-country race for the years 2010, 2012, 2013, and 2014, which encompassed 3,948 performances. The pacing measure was percentage change in speed from mile 1 to mile 2. Across all runners, women (9.1%) slowed significantly (p = 0.002) more than men (8.7%), although the magnitude of the difference was trivial (effect size [ES] = −0.10). However, when women and men in physiologically equated finishing time groups (e.g., <17:00 for men; <19:03 for women) were compared, men slowed significantly more (p < 0.001) in all 4 groups, and the differences were nontrivial (ESs range 0.27–0.92). Because glycogen depletion is irrelevant for 5 km performances, these results challenge the hypothesis that the sex difference in pacing is due to males' greater susceptibility to glycogen depletion. These results instead support the hypothesis that the sex difference in pacing partly reflects a sex difference in some aspect of decision making, such as overconfidence, risk perception, or willingness to tolerate discomfort. Coaches and athletes are advised to consider individual variation in these characteristics when planning training and racing.
El rol del juez en una sociedad democrática
Authors: Goméz Diego Duquelsky 
Published: March 2016

El debate sobre el rol del juez en la sociedad y los fundamentos de la legitimidad democrática de su poder ha adquirido en los últimos tiempos una relevancia particular. Este artículo pretende aportar claridad a la discusión, mostrando como las teorías jurídicas han seguido un movimiento pendular, oscilando entre aquellas que piensan el rol jurisdiccional y la tarea hermenéutica como una actividad intelectual -un acto de conocimiento- y aquellas que la entienden como una actividad creadora –un acto de voluntad. Reflexionar sobre el papel de juez hoy obliga a cuestionar falsas dicotomías e intentar construir colectivamente un nuevo sentido común jurídico y político abandonando los paradigmas jurídicos tradicionales.
Perfil clínico y epidemiológico del paciente que acude a consultorio externo de psiquiatría del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia durante el periodo de octubre a diciembre del 2011.
Authors: Barrón-Del Solar Lucy , Romero-Sandoval Karina , Saldaña-Vásquez Neiver , Salazar-Ordóñez Carlos , Vega-Dienstmaier Johann M. 
Published: March 2016

Objetivo: Describir el perfil clínico y epidemiológico del paciente que acude a consultorio externo de psiquiatría del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (Lima, Perú). Material y métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo de serie de casos retrospectivo. Se recolectó información de fichas de pacientes nuevos que acudieron a consulta externa de psiquiatría de octubre a diciembre de 2011. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 168 fichas de pacientes. La edad promedio fue 35,2 años (DE 15,8); 53% eran mujeres y 47%, varones. La mayoría eran solteros (64,9%), estudiantes (25,9%), católicos (70,5%), que acudieron acompañados de sus padres (37,6%). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron: depresión mayor (31%) y esquizofrenia (25%). Los fármacos más prescritos fueron: sertralina (42,9%) y clonazepam (42,3%). Conclusión: La mayoría de pacientes fueron mujeres adultas, solteras, estudiantes, católicas, que acudieron acompañadas de sus padres, con diagnóstico de depresión mayor y cuya prescripción fue sertralina y/o clonazepam.
Abuso de anticolinérgicos en pacientes con esquizofrenia: reportes de caso y breve revisión de la literatura.
Authors: Cortez-Vergara C. , Núñez-Moscoso P. , Cruzado L. 
Published: March 2016

Introducción: El abuso de fármacos anticolinérgicos es un problema que ocasionalmente se ha reportado en laliteratura médica aunque al parecer su frecuencia puede ser mayor a lo considerado usualmente; sobre todo enpacientes con esquizofrenia, donde se indica anticolinérgicos para contrarrestar los síntomas extrapiramidalessecundarios al uso de antipsicóticos, es donde se detectan la mayoría de casos. Método: reportamos cuatro casos depacientes con esquizofrenia que abusaban de anticolinérgicos y revisamos la literatura pertinente. Resultados: Eluso excesivo de anticolinérgicos por pacientes con esquizofrenia ha sido atribuido a su intento de controlar síntomas depresivos o negativos o la disforia inducida por antipsicóticos sin embargo no hay usualmente correlación entre el uso de antipsicóticos y el abuso de anticolinérgicos; por tanto, es menester considerar el potencial de abuso de los anticolinérgicos. Conclusión: Se impone revisar la indiscriminada prescripción de fármacos anticolinérgicos a losusuarios de antipsicóticos de modo tal que el riesgo de abuso se detecte tempranamente.