bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a Four-Layer Induced-Transmission Filter for Promoting Thermophotovoltaic Efficiency
Authors: Yi Fan , Wang Boxiang , Zhao Changying 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To promote the efficiency of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices, the spectral management based on micro/nanoscale structure plays a significant role. In this paper, we design a four-layer filter that consists of Ag, ZnS and MgF2 nanoscale-thickness layers for a GaSb TPV cell. By realizing a transmission spectrum with a sharp cut-off, an appropriate bandwidth and a near-perfect reflectance in the cell’s out-of-band (OOB) wavelength range, we demonstrate based on an experimentally validated model that an efficiency of 24.8% and an electrical output power density of 0.86 W/cm2 are achieved when the filter is incorporated with a GaSb cell and an 1500°C-blackbody emitter. Besides, the filter ensures the decrease in efficiency accompanied by the increase of illumination intensity of the cell is less than 5% within the temperature range of 987°C. As a front-surface spectral management, the filter imposes minimal demands on the low OOB absorption characteristics of cell materials, which consequently provides an expanded design latitude for cell engineering. It is believed that our filter will shed light on the spectral management route that is different from the method based on back side reflector to realize efficient TPV systems.
Machine-Learning-Based Thermal Conductivity Prediction in Two-Dimensional TiS2/MoS2 Van Der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Kunjikuttan Nair Akhil , Da Silva Carlos Manuel , Amon Cristina H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials and heterostructures display unique thermal characteristics compared to their bulk counterparts. However, the accurate estimation of the thermal conductivity of 2D materials, particularly of 2D van der Waals heterostructures, presents significant challenges for both computational and experimental methods. In this study, we propose a computationally efficient approach to investigate the thermal conductivity of 2D TiS2/MoS2 van der Waals heterostructures. Our approach utilizes machine-learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) to predict the thermal conductivity of the heterostructure. This approach effectively incorporates intralayer interactions by utilizing moment tensor potentials (MTP) trained with computationally inexpensive density functional theory (DFT)-based datasets. These datasets are generated from ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) trajectories over less than 1 ps, while the interlayer van der Waals interactions are calibrated using the D3-dispersion correction method. By explicitly incorporating the missing dispersion contribution into the MTP, this method provides greater accuracy in predicting interlayer interactions than the widely applied Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are conducted to determine the thermal conductivity of the TiS2/MoS2 heterostructures using the derived potential parameters. This study enhances our understanding of thermal transport in van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, leveraging MLIPs to explore new nanostructured materials with superior thermal conductivity.
Ballistic Phonon Heat Conduction Under Non-Equilibrium in Nanoscale Heterogeneous Semiconductor Thin Films
Authors: Zhang Richard Z. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Thermal management of microelectronic components is becoming critical as devices become smaller and faster. Developing our understanding of size-dependent thermal properties impacts the semiconductor industry. At the nanoscale, phonon thermal transport is challenged by ballistic scattering as mean free path energy exceeds that of the thickness of the thin film. In this approach, we bypass models and directly integrate first principles phonon collision methods in a lattice. We have developed a method that solves the time-dependent Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) for phonons with heterogeneous spatial structures of different materials. Our method is applied to simulate a case in which InAs semiconductor nanometer-thin films sandwiched between a heat source and sink. The equilibration in fraction of picosecond time resolution showed nonlinear heat flux normally linear in Fourier scales. Our results demonstrate how energy is transferred in time and space by acoustic and optical phonon modes. Contact thermal resistivity is observed at the material interfaces with the source and sink. This validates boundary-effect scattering of phonons, where the effect does not rely on surface correlations or optical specularity. This “brute-force” BTE method is necessary for observing non-uniformity in heat flux and temperature distribution in thin films. While the computational intensity is relatively high compared to its native process, our relatively simple first principles-in-a-lattice approach can down the road resolve mismatched solid interfacial phonon transmittance, contact resistance, and defect scattering without reliance on thermodynamic parameters and approximations.
Thermal Simulation for Nanoscale FinFET Using First-Principles Nongray Phonon Boltzmann Transport Equation
Authors: Sheng Yufei , Bao Hua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In recent years, nanoscale devices, represented by the fin field-effect transistor (FinFET), have significantly enhanced computational performance while simultaneously presenting heightened thermal challenges. Consequently, thermal simulation has become an indispensable component in advanced nanoscale device design and thermal management. Classical thermal simulation, based on the heat diffusion equation, proves inadequate in describing non-Fourier effects at nanoscale, given that the characteristic length is smaller than the phonon mean free path. Therefore, the phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) has emerged as the solely promising method to achieve the non-Fourier thermal simulation. However, to date, accurate and efficient phonon-BTE-based thermal simulation for realistic three-dimensional devices have not been achieved. In this study, we implement non-Fourier thermal simulation for a realistic three-dimensional silicon-based FinFET by utilizing the first-principles-based nongray phonon BTE and achieve quantitative alignment with previous experimental measurements. The accurate phonon properties are obtained through first-principles calculations without fitting parameters. Utilizing our efficient phonon BTE software, GiftBTE, we acquire a high-resolution temperature distribution of the device. Moreover, this paper provides a quantitative analysis of the impact of temperature effects on the FinFET’s electrical performance, consistent with previous experiment result.
Superhydrophilic Composite Structure of Copper Micro-Channel and Nano-Forest for Enhancing Boiling Heat Transfer
Authors: Ma Xiang , Zhang Yonghai , Yang Xiaoping , Wei Jinjia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nanostructures are then made on the micro-pin-fins through a simple one-step electrodeposition process, which looks like a natural forest structure with rich branch-like grooves. Capillary rise tests were performed with ethanol to characterize the capillary force of the wick structure. An efficient boiling heat transfer (BHT) interface based on a superhydrophilic copper micro-pin-fins and nano-forest composite structure is reported. In principle, these micro-pin-fins are efficient nucleation sites, helping to reduce the surface superheat required for the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) and enhance the heat transfer coefficient (HTC). Disperse nano-forest contribute to bubbles detachment from the heated wall rapidly. Micro-pin-fins with a depth of a few hundreds of microns can avoid excessive interface thermal resistance, the superwetting effect of the micro-nano composite structure helps to increase the critical heat flux (CHF). By studying the morphology, wettability, liquid subcoolings and heat transfer characteristics of the micro-pin-fins and nano-forest composite structure as a function of growth time, an optimal interface was obtained, with a maximum HTC enhancement of 243%, CHF enhancement of 204%, and the superheat corresponding to the ONB compared to the flat copper surface is reduced by 50%. At the same time, the combination of experimental and theoretical analysis also clarified why the micro-pin-fins and nano-forest composite structure on the copper surface can effectively enhance boiling heat transfer.
Supplemental Material: Protracted mantle heat conduction after lithospheric foundering beneath the Malagasy orogen
Authors: Kaare-Rasmussen Jonas , al. et 
Published: September 2024

<p>Description of the analytical methods, thermal modeling, and geochemistry of our samples. Additionally, the supplemental material includes entire major and trace element dataset and zircon U-Pb, Hf, and O isotope data. </p>
Giant basal cell carcinoma: a clinical red flag
Authors: Kaundal Vishal , Vishwanath Guruswamy 
Published: September 2024

Giant basal cell carcinoma (GBCC) is a rare and more aggressive variant of basal cell carcinoma. We present a case of GBCC with an overview of the challenges it presents.A man in his 60s presented to the tertiary care unit with a history of an ulcer over the posterior aspect of his left heel for the past 1 year. Examination revealed an ulceroproliferative lesion of 10×8 cm on the posterior aspect of the left heel and lower Tendo-Achilles region. A wedge biopsy of the lesion was performed twice, which demonstrated basal cell carcinoma. The patient underwent excision of the lesion with 10 mm margins. A split-thickness skin graft was placed and secured over the resultant wound with the application of a negative pressure wound dressing.The correlation between tumour size and tumour behaviour is examined. Additionally, the significance of tumour location, width of margins, incidence recurrence or metastasis is also studied.
Diagnostic accuracy of hemodynamic assessment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis from a single angiographic view: a validation study
Authors: Xiang Jianping , Zhang Lei , Rong Chenbin , Zou Rong , Hu Yumeng , Zhang Yongwei , Wang Ming , Fiehler Jens , Siddiqui Adnan H , Wang Jun , Miao Zhongrong , Yang Pengfei , Wan Shu , Liu Jianmin 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of identifying the hemodynamic status of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) using angio-based fractional flow (FF) calculated from a single angiographic view, with wire-based FF as the reference standard.MethodThe study retrospectively recruited 100 ICAS patients who underwent pressure wire measurement and digital subtraction angiography. The AccuICAD software was used to calculate angio-based FF, with the wire-measured value serving as the reference standard for evaluating the accuracy, consistency, and diagnostic performance of angio-based FF.ResultsThe mean±SD value of wire-based FF was 0.77±0.18, while the mean value of angio-based FF was 0.77±0.19. A good correlation between angio-based FF and wire-based FF was evident (r=0.90, P<0.001), with good agreement (mean difference 0.00±0.08). The diagnostic accuracy of angio-based FF and percent diameter stenosis (DS%) were 93.23% versus 72.18%, 91.73% versus 72.93%, and 89.47% versus 78.95% for predicted wire-based FF thresholds of 0.70, 0.75, and 0.80, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) values for angio-based FF and DS% were 0.975 versus 0.822, 0.970 versus 0.814, and 0.943 versus 0.826 at the respective thresholds, respectively.ConclusionThe FF calculated from a single angiographic view can be considered an effective tool for functional assessment of cerebral arterial stenosis.
Automated detection of large vessel occlusion using deep learning: a pivotal multicenter study and reader performance study
Authors: Kim Jae Guk , Ha Sue Young , Kang You-Ri , Hong Hotak , Kim Dongmin , Lee Myungjae , Sunwoo Leonard , Ryu Wi-Sun , Kim Joon-Tae 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundTo evaluate the stand-alone efficacy and improvements in diagnostic accuracy of early-career physicians of the artificial intelligence (AI) software to detect large vessel occlusion (LVO) in CT angiography (CTA).MethodsThis multicenter study included 595 ischemic stroke patients from January 2021 to September 2023. Standard references and LVO locations were determined by consensus among three experts. The efficacy of the AI software was benchmarked against standard references, and its impact on the diagnostic accuracy of four residents involved in stroke care was assessed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity of the software and readers with versus without AI assistance were calculated.ResultsAmong the 595 patients (mean age 68.5±13.4 years, 56% male), 275 (46.2%) had LVO. The median time interval from the last known well time to the CTA was 46.0 hours (IQR 11.8–64.4). For LVO detection, the software demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.858 (95% CI 0.811 to 0.897) and a specificity of 0.969 (95% CI 0.943 to 0.985). In subjects whose symptom onset to imaging was within 24 hours (n=195), the software exhibited an AUROC of 0.973 (95% CI 0.939 to 0.991), a sensitivity of 0.890 (95% CI 0.817 to 0.936), and a specificity of 0.965 (95% CI 0.902 to 0.991). Reading with AI assistance improved sensitivity by 4.0% (2.17 to 5.84%) and AUROC by 0.024 (0.015 to 0.033) (all P<0.001) compared with readings without AI assistance.ConclusionsThe AI software demonstrated a high detection rate for LVO. In addition, the software improved diagnostic accuracy of early-career physicians in detecting LVO, streamlining stroke workflow in the emergency room.
Empirical superior vena cava electrical isolation guided by quantitative ablation index improves outcomes of radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Guan Wenchi , Liu Jun , Chen Keping , Yao Yan 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe value of empirical superior vena cava isolation (SVCI) following pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) to improve the efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) remains controversial.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of quantitative ablation index (AI)-guided empirical SVCI, in addition to PVI, for patients with PAF.MethodsPatients with symptomatic PAF who underwent RFCA between October 2021 and May 2023 were retrospectively analysed. Patients were categorised into PVI-only group and PVI+SVCI group based on the intraoperative ablation strategy. RFCA was guided by quantitative AI in both groups. Regular clinical follow-ups were conducted to detect AF recurrence, defined as any episode of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia lasting >30 s.ResultsA total of 246 patients were enrolled, with 108 patients in the PVI group and 138 patients in the PVI+SVCI group. Compared with the PVI group, patients in the PVI+SVCI group had a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease (p=0.04), stroke (p=0.02) and a smaller left atrial diameter (p<0.01). After a follow-up period of 16±6 months, the ablation success rate was significantly higher in the SVCI+PVI group compared with the PVI group (91.3% vs 81.5%, p=0.02). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that SVCI was an independent predictor of reduced AF recurrence postablation (Relative Risk [RR] 0.4, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.90, p=0.026). No significant difference in complication rates was observed between the groups.ConclusionQuantitative AI-guided empirical SVCI, in addition to PVI, improves the success rate of RFCA for PAF without increasing the risk of complications.
Changes in muscle cross-sectional area during two menstrual cycles may not be exclusively attributed to resistance training
Authors: Dias Nathalia F. , Bergamasco João G. A. , Scarpelli Maíra C. , Silva Deivid G. , Chaves Talisson S. , Bittencourt Diego , Medalha Ricardo A. , Carello Filho Paulo C. , De Souza Eduardo O. , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Libardi Cleiton A. 
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the impact of menstrual cycle (MC) phases and resistance training (RT) on muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in two MCs utilizing a within-subject design. Twenty women with regular MCs had their legs randomly allocated to either the control (CON) or RT condition, which included 16 training sessions over two MCs. CSA, estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) were assessed during the menstruation (M), ovulation (O), and luteal (L) phases in the first (M1, O1, L1) and second (M2, O2, L2) MCs and at the beginning of the third MC (M3). P4 values were significantly higher during the luteal phase than during menstruation ( P < 0.0001) and ovulation ( P < 0.0001). No significant differences in E2 concentrations were observed between the MC phases ( P = 0.08). For the RT condition, the CSA showed significant increases at O2, L2, and M3 compared to baseline (M1) (all P < 0.0001). No significant changes were observed for the CON condition during the two MCs ( P > 0.05). However, RT condition showed a significant change in average CSA across two MCs. Additionally, individual analyses revealed that 19 participants showed variation in CSA above or below the minimum detectable difference during the two MCs. These findings suggest that changes in muscle CSA observed during two MCs may not be exclusively attributed to RT.
Temperature ratio RT = TL/TH of fully accelerated complementary fragments (used for TXE partition) obtained independently of prompt emission model calculations
Authors: Tudora Anabella , Gogita Paul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSeveral refined prompt emission model codes, nowadays employed, use the partition of total excitation energy (TXE) according to the temperature ratio RT = TL/TH of fully accelerated fragments. In such codes RT is given as input, either as an unique value for all fragmentations or as a function of AH; This temperature ratio RT being obtained by fitting the experimental ν(A) data with the respective prompt emission model code. This paper proposes a method for obtaining “experimental RT(AH)” (also based on experimental ν(A)), but without resorting to prompt emission model calculations for the fit of ν(A) data. So that this is an independent method providing RT(AH) which can be employed by any prompt emission model code in which the TXE partition is done at the full acceleration according to RT given as input. A procedure which facilitates the parameterization of RT(AH) is proposed, too. A prediction of the RT(AH) shape at very high excitation energies of the fissioning nucleus is also reported. The comparison of RT(AH) ratios obtained from any TXE partition based on modeling at scission with those provided by the present method can constitute a supplementary validation of the respective modeling at scission.
Carboxy Methyl Cellulose-based Gel Containing Nanoliposomes Loaded with Chilli Pepper and Ginger Extracts as a Novel Topical Anti-obesity Formulation
Authors: Zarneshan Seyede Nazanin , Jallilian Saba , Alvandi Hosna , Arkan Elham , Aghaz Faranak 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: An important worldwide health concern that has an adverse effect on both people and societies is obesity. It may result in diseases linked to obesity, a lower standard of living, or even death. Therefore, there is a pressing need for more advanced and novel drug delivery techniques, such as topical therapy, to treat obesity. However, there are several obstacles to overcome, including low molecular weight, high lipophilicity, limited efficacy, and skin irritation. It seems that nanoliposomes (NLPs) are a nearly ideal drug-carrier system. They are thought to be the best delivery vehicles for physiologically active substances, both in vitro and in vivo, due to their advantages in biology and technology. Material and Method: Carboxy methyl cellulose-based gel containing NLPs loaded with chilli pepper and ginger extracts (CMC-gel containing Chi/G-NLPs) has been studied. The NLPs containing the extracts are synthesized using a thin layer hydration and ultrasound method. Then nanocarrier’s physicochemical properties, drug loading capacity, and rate of release are evaluated. Results: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential (ZP), in vitro release profile, and in vitro skin absorption assays verify the optimal physicochemical characteristics, 30% in vitro skin absorption and slow control in vitro release behavior. Conclusion: When considered collectively, our findings supported the idea that using Chi/G-NLPs in a CMC-gel will optimize its effectiveness as an innovative topical therapy for obesity.
Remote sensing in the analysis of the behavior of CO associated with confinement due to COVID-19, in the city of Manizales
Authors: Henao-Céspedes Vladimir , Garcés-Gómez Yeison Alberto , Cardona-Morales Oscar 
Published: September 2024

This article analyzed the behavior of carbon monoxide (CO) levels in Manizales during pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown, as a response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The analysis focuses on the data of CO levels obtained from the tropospheric monitoring instrument (TROPOMI), precipitation, and temperature (T) recorded by the network of stations of Caldas. The data allowed us to find that during the lockdown, the average value of CO was 9.92% lower than the value registered before the lockdown, and it was 11.75% lower after the lockdown. On the other hand, the correlation between CO levels and population density during the three periods was analyzed, obtaining an 𝑅2 = 0.816 after lockdown. Finally, considering other possible variables that can affect the CO levels, an analysis of the behavior of CO was carried out concerning the temperature and precipitation of the city registered before, during, and after the lockdown. Regarding CO and temperature, the correlation was inverse with Pearson’s 𝑟 = −0.599 (Fisher’s 𝑧 = −0.692), which also supports the decreasing trend of the value measured, and that the variation of CO levels does not depend only on lockdown but also on other factors. Regarding CO and precipitation, a positive correlation of Pearson’s 𝑟 = 0.165 (Fisher’s 𝑧 = 0.167) was obtained.
Race and Ethnicity at Genesis 10 and the Idea of “Semites”
Authors: Chavel Simeon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper argues that (1) the segment of text known as Gen 10 is a collation of three separate works; (2) the works have mutually exclusive ideas about the zones and groups of the world; and (3) the zones and groupings illustrate the insight that has come to the fore of late that group identity—ethnic, national, racial, and so on—is a human, cultural product, not a set of natural, biological traits. Specifically, Semitic identity was not an obvious and long-lived category in ancient Israel and Judea, but distinct to a few particular literary works and contradicted by others. Later cultures responded to the collated text at Gen 9–11 and used its terms and concepts selectively to map their own world, which has had a pernicious, bloody afterlife down to our own times. Therefore, (4) the label “Semitic” should not be used for peoples, places, cultures, religions, and even languages.