bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic transcriptomic analysis of the early response of female flowers of Populus alba × P. glandulosa to pollination
Authors: Rao Pian , Chen Zhong , Yang Xiaoyu , Gao Kai , Yang Xiong , Zhao Tianyun , Li Siyan , Wu Bo , An Xinmin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPollination is an important event in plant sexual reproduction, and post-pollination response is an essential process for reproduction.Populus alba × P.glandulosais used widely in scientific research, especially in cross breeding as parents. Adult femaleP.alba × P.glandulosaflowers are highly compatible with pollen from maleP.tomentosa, but the early post-pollination response of flowers at the molecular levels is unclear. In this study, RNA-seq was employed to comprehensively understand the response of femaleP.alba × P.glandulosaflowers to pollination. Enrichment analysis reveals that the ‘plant hormone signal transduction’ pathway is enhanced during pollen-pistil interaction. Moreover, genes related to auxin, gibberellin and ethylene biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated. Ca2+and H+-related genes and cell wall-related genes are interrelated, and all of them are essential for pollen tube elongation in pistil, especially, free Ca2+providing a concentration gradient for pollen tube guidance and involved in signal transduction. Furthermore, RNA-seq results indicate that genes involved in the adhesion and guidance for pollen germination and pollen tube growth are abundantly present in the extracellular matrix. Our study provides an overview and detailed information for understanding the molecular mechanism of early post-pollination response in this hybrid poplar reproduction.
Tool manipulation by rats (Rattus norvegicus) according to the position of food
Authors: Nagano Akane , Aoyama Kenjiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTool-use behaviour has been observed in nonhuman animals in the wild and in experimental settings. In the present study, we investigated whether rats (Rattus norvegicus) could manipulate a tool according to the position of food to obtain the food in an experimental setting. Eight rats were trained to use a rake-shaped tool to obtain food beyond their reach using a step-by-step protocol in the initial training period. Following training, the rake was placed at the centre of the experimental apparatus, and food was placed on either the left or right side of the rake. Rats learned to manipulate the rake to obtain food in situations in which they could not obtain the food just by pulling the rake perpendicularly to themselves. Our findings thus indicate that the rat is a potential animal model to investigate the behavioural and neural mechanisms of tool-use behaviour.
Nano-antenna enhanced two-focus fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Langguth Lutz , Szuba Agata , Mann Sander A. , Garnett Erik C. , Koenderink Gijsje H. , Koenderink A. Femius 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe propose two-focus fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2fFCS) on basis of plasmonic nanoantennas that provide distinct hot spots that are individually addressable through polarization, yet lie within a single diffraction limited microscope focus. The importance of two-focus FCS is that a calibrated distance between foci provides an intrinsic calibration to derive diffusion constants from measured correlation times. Through electromagnetic modelling we analyze a geometry of perpendicular nanorods, and their inverse, i.e., nanoslits. While we find that nanorods are not suited for nano-antenna enhanced 2fFCS due to substantial background signal, a nanoslit geometry is expected to provide a di tinct cross-correlation between orthogonally polarized detection channels. Furthermore, by utilizing a periodic array of nanoslits instead of a single pair, the amplitude of the cross-correlation can be enhanced. To demonstrate this technique, we present a proof of principle experiment on the basis of a periodic array of nanoslits, applied to lipid diffusion in a supported lipid bilayer.
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for pathogen detection in donor/recipient corneal transplant tissue and donor storage solution
Authors: Hariya Takehiro , Maruyama Kazuichi , Sugita Sunao , Takahashi Masayo , Yokokura Shunji , Sato Kota , Tomaru Yasuhiro , Shimizu Norio , Nakazawa Toru 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCorneal transplantation is a safe, reliable method of restoring visual acuity in patients with corneal disorders. Although it has a very high success rate, rejection can still occur, especially if the site is infected. Therefore, seeking to find better ways to manage infection risk, this study investigated a new technique, based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), to identify pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi, in corneal transplantation recipient sites, donor corneas and the donor cornea storage solution. The subjects comprised 50 patients who underwent corneal transplantation at Tohoku University Hospital between July 2014 and April 2015. We obtained extracted (recipient) cornea samples in 37 cases, donor cornea samples in 50 cases, and corneal storage solution samples in 50 cases (18 of these 50 samples contained DNA). Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA was detected in four recipient corneas, Parvovirus B19 DNA was detected in two recipient corneas, Human herpes virus type 6 was detected in two donor corneas, and Aspergillus DNA was detected in one corneal storage solution sample. Thus, mPCR successfully identified pathogenic DNA in corneal tissues and storage solution, suggesting that evaluation with mPCR may improve the ability to predict the risk of infection after corneal transplantation.
A Mechanism-based QSTR Model for Acute to Chronic Toxicity Extrapolation: A Case Study of Antibiotics on Luminous Bacteria
Authors: Wang Dali , Gu Yue , Zheng Min , Zhang Wei , Lin Zhifen , Liu Ying 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe determination of the chronic toxicity is time-consumed and costly, so it’s of great interest to predict the chronic toxicity based on acute data. Current methods include the acute to chronic ratios (ACRs) and the QSTR models, both of which have some usage limitations. In this paper, the acute and chronic mixture toxicity of three types of antibiotics, namely sulfonamides, sulfonamide potentiators and tetracyclines, were determined by a bioluminescence inhibition test. A novel QSTR model was developed for predicting the chronic mixture toxicity using the acute data and docking-based descriptors. This model revealed a complex relationship between the acute and chronic toxicity, i.e. a linear correlation between the acute and chronic lg(−lgEC50)s, rather than the simple EC50s or −lgEC50s. In particular, the interaction energies (Ebind) of the chemicals with luciferase and LitR in the bacterial quorum sensing systems were introduced to represent their acute and chronic actions, respectively, regardless of their defined toxic mechanisms. Therefore, the present QSTR model can apply to the chemicals with distinct toxic mechanisms, as well as those with undefined mechanism. This study provides a novel idea for the acute to chronic toxicity extrapolation, which may benefit the environmental risk assessment on the pollutants.
Programmed death one homolog maintains the pool size of regulatory T cells by promoting their differentiation and stability
Authors: Wang Qi , He Jianwei , Flies Dallas B. , Luo Liqun , Chen Lieping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractProgrammed death one homolog (PD-1H) is an immunoglobulin superfamily molecule and primarily acts as a coinhibitor in the initiation of T cell response to antigens. Here, we report that genetic ablation of PD-1H in mice blocks the differentiation of naive T cells to Foxp3+ inducible Treg cells (iTreg) with a significant decrease of iTreg in lymphoid organs. This effect of PD-1H is highly specific for iTreg because both naturally generated iTreg in gut-related tissues and in vitro induced iTreg by TGF-β were decreased whereas the genesis of natural Treg (nTreg) remains normal. The suppressive function of both iTreg and nTreg, however, is not affected by the loss of PD-1H. In addition to decreased production, PD-1H deficient iTreg could also rapidly convert to CD4+ T helper 1 or T helper 17 cells in an inflammatory environment. Our results indicate that PD-1H is required for maintenance of iTreg pool size by promoting its differentiation and preventing its conversion to other CD4+ T cell subsets. These findings may have important implications for manipulating Tregs to control inflammation.
PTEN/FOXO3/AKT pathway regulates cell death and mediates morphogenetic differentiation of Colorectal Cancer Cells under Simulated Microgravity
Authors: Arun Raj Pranap , Sivanesan Divya , Vidyasekar Prasanna , Verma Rama Shanker 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGravity is a major physical factor determining the stress and strain around cells. Both in space experiments and ground simulation, change in gravity impacts the viability and function of various types of cells as well as in vivo conditions. Cancer cells have been shown to die under microgravity. This can be exploited for better understanding of the biology and identification of novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. Here, we described the effect of microgravity simulated using Rotational Cell Culture System-High Aspect Ratio Vessel (RCCS-HARV) on the viability and morphological changes of colorectal cancer cells. We observed DLD1, HCT116 and SW620 cells die through apoptosis under simulated microgravity (SM). Gene expression analysis on DLD1 cells showed upregulation of tumor suppressors PTEN and FOXO3; leading to AKT downregulation and further induction of apoptosis, through upregulation of CDK inhibitors CDKN2B, CDKN2D. SM induced cell clumps had elevated hypoxia and mitochondrial membrane potential that led to adaptive responses like morphogenetic changes, migration and deregulated autophagy, when shifted to normal culture conditions. This can be exploited to understand the three-dimensional (3D) biology of cancer in the aspect of stress response. This study highlights the regulation of cell function and viability under microgravity through PTEN/FOXO3/AKT pathway.
The basal free fatty acid concentration in human saliva is related to salivary lipolytic activity
Authors: Neyraud Eric , Cabaret Stéphanie , Brignot Hélène , Chabanet Claire , Labouré Hélène , Guichard Elisabeth , Berdeaux Olivier 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFat perception during eating is a complex sensation that involves various sensory modalities, such as texture, aroma and taste. Taste is supported by the discovery of fatty acid receptors in the tongue papillae. Dietary fat is mainly composed of esterified fatty acids, whereas only free fatty acids can bind to taste receptors. Some authors have mentioned the necessity and efficiency of salivary lipolytic activity to hydrolyse the esterified fatty acids present in foods and enable fat perception. Our hypothesis is that salivary lipolytic activity is also involved in regulating the basal level of salivary fatty acids in humans. To test this hypothesis, total fatty acid (TFA) and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and selected salivary characteristics (such as lipolytic activity) were analysed in the resting saliva of 54 subjects. The results show differences in the TFA and FFA profiles, with TFA and FFA concentrations of 8.99 and 3.56 µg/mL of saliva, respectively. Interestingly, lipolytic activity had a significant positive correlation with FFA concentration (0.51, p < 0.01). This result highlights a possible physiological role of salivary lipolytic activity in the regulation of the basal FFA concentration. This regulation could be involved in fat taste sensitivity.
Spectral function modulation based on nonlinear frequency division multiplexing
Authors: He Guangqiang , Wang Luning , Li Chenyang , Liu Siyu , Hu Weisheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA combination of phase and amplitude modulation in nonlinear discrete spectrum is proposed based on nonlinear frequency division multiplexing. Here the integrable nonlinear Schrodinger equation is used as the channel model. We propose the transmission system with designed transmitting signals and implement our scheme with simulation. We use 8QAM constellation and 2 eigenvalues to generate 5 bit signals, which greatly improve spectral efficiency. This method can be expanded for higher order modulation and further improve transmission capacity in limited bandwidth.
Effects of 4(1H)-quinolinone derivative, a novel non-nucleotide allosteric purinergic P2Y
2
agonist, on cardiomyocytes in neonatal rats
Authors: Sakuma Kensuke , Nakagawa Hideyuki , Oikawa Tatsuo , Noda Masakuni , Ikeda Shota 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurinergic P2Y
2
receptors, G-protein coupled receptors that primarily couple with Gαq/11-proteins, are activated equipotently by adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) and uridine-5′-triphosphate. Evidence suggests that P2Y
2
agonists make potential drug candidates for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, selective non-nucleotide, small-molecule P2Y
2
agonists have yet to be developed. In this report, we discuss Compound 89, a novel non-nucleotide allosteric P2Y
2
agonist that was active in signal transduction and gene induction, and in our in vitro cardiac hypertrophy model. Compound 89 exhibited selective P2Y
2
agonistic activity and potentiated responses to the endogenous agonist ATP, while exhibiting no agonistic activities for four other Gαq/11-coupled human P2Y (hP2Y) receptors and one representative Gαi/o-coupled hP2Y12 receptor. Its P2Y
2
agonistic effect on mouse P2Y
2
receptors suggested non-species-specific activity. Compound 89 acted as a pure positive allosteric modulator in a Ca2+ mobilization assay of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes; it potentiated ATP-induced expression of genes in the nuclear receptor 4A family (negative regulators of hypertrophic stimuli in cardiomyocytes). Additionally, Compound 89 attenuated isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy, presumably through dose-dependent interaction with pericellular ATP. These results indicate that Compound 89 is potentially efficacious against cardiomyocytes and therefore a good proof-of-concept tool for elucidating the therapeutic potential of P2Y2 activation in various cardiovascular diseases.
Long‐lasting oil wettability patterns fabrication on superoleophobic surfaces by atmospheric pressure DBD plasma jet
Authors: Liu Jiyu , Liu Shuo , Chen Faze , Wang Guansong , Sun Jin , Song Jinlong , Huang Liu , Zheng Huanxi , Jin Zhuji , Liu Xin 
Published: July 2017

Water wettability patterns on superhydrophobic surfaces have been widely designed to meet requirements of many fields, such as lab‐on‐a‐chip devices and bioengineering. However, these systems are easily invalidated by oily liquids. Therefore, oil wettability patterns, which have rarely been focused on, are urgently needed. In this work, the authors successfully control oil wettability of superoleophobic surface by an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma jet. The results indicate that oil wettability is strongly influenced by treatment time, applied voltage and distance between plasma jet outlet and samples. They find that superoleophobic surfaces can be modified to be superoleophilic within 15 s, and that small holes can be etched on the surfaces under high applied voltages. Then, superoleophobic‐superoleophilic patterns are prepared via selective plasma jet irradiation on superoleophobic surfaces, and both directional and antigravity transport of water and oily liquids are thus realised without external electrical or magnetic field. Additionally, ageing experiments show that the plasma‐treated areas can maintain the induced wettability for >30 days storing under normal ambients, demonstrating superior time stability. The results presented here show the potential of atmospheric pressure DBD plasma jet for rapid oil wettability control and fabrication of long‐time‐effective oil wettability patterns.
Unusual Presentation of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Iftikhar Haissan , Ikram Mubasher , Muhammad Adnan , Nathani Karim 
Published: July 2017

Introduction The rates of thyroid cancers are on a rise, especially well-differentiated thyroid cancers. This could be partly due to newer diagnostic modalities, like high-resolution ultrasound, that can pick up smaller lesions. Differentiated thyroid cancers with distant metastases are not common, and even rarer is the initial presentation with complaints not related to the neck.
Objectives The objective of this series was to study and report the unusual cases of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with distant metastasis. There is a lack of data in the literature on these cases, and due to the rarity of such metastases, no definite treatment protocol has been defined.
Methods A retrospective chart review of 1,200 cases of thyroid surgeries was performed. A total of 10 cases of well-differentiated thyroid cancer on the final histopathology exam that had initially presented with usual complaints to departments other than the Otolaryngology Department were identified.
Results A total of 6 patients had papillary carcinoma, whereas 4 patients had follicular carcinoma on final the histopathology exam. Two patients presented with iliac crest lesions, 2 with vertebral lesions one each with parapharyngeal mass, supraclavicular mass, labia majora swelling and bleeding, lung, rib and neck of femur lesion.
Conclusion There are still no specific guidelines on how to address these patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with distant metastasis (except for the cases of bone and lung lesions) and on which treatment should be offered in case of recurrence. More studies on the subject are required.
The Effects of Experimental Intratympanic Steroid Administration on Organ of Corti Type 1 Spiral Ganglion
Authors: Topcuoglu Turgay , Kocyıgıt Murat , Bulut Erdogan , Ortekın Safiye , Kanter Mehmet , Yagız Recep 
Published: July 2017

Introduction It is unclear how effective is the intratympanic (IT) steroid treatment on organ of Corti type 1 spiral ganglion, its optimal dosage and frequency of administration. The effect of dexamethasone on cochlear functions in individuals with a normal hearing ability is also unknown.
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate, at the electrophysiological and ultrastructural levels, the effect of IT dexamethasone administration in guinea pigs with normal hearing on organ of Corti type 1 spiral ganglion.
Methods A total of 20 guinea pigs (n = 40 ears) whose hearing was detected to be normal by electrophysiological tests were included in the study and randomly divided into 6 groups. Four groups were considered study groups, while 2 groups were considered control groups. Dexamethasone was administered intratympanically in doses of 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL in the guinea pigs in the study groups. The animals in the control groups received physiological saline in equal doses as the study groups. All interventions were performed under general anesthesia, and the electrophysiological tests were repeated following the IT injections.
Results No statistically significant differences were found among the groups when the IT injections were evaluated in terms of the electrophysiological measurements (p > 0.05). The ultrastructural evaluation showed a cellular mitochondrial increase in the spiral ganglions of the cochlea in the groups in which dexamethasone was administered in a dose of 4 mg/mL.
Conclusion According to the findings of this study, it can be suggested that the IT injection of dexamethasone is safe, and when applied in a dose of 4 mg/mL, it increases metabolic activity at the cellular level.
Insulin Delivery Method and Admission for Glycemic Control in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Maggio Lindsay , Has Phinnara , Daley Julie , Coustan Donald , Werner Erika , Sperling Jeffrey 
Published: July 2017

Objective To determine if there was a difference in glycemic control admissions or perinatal outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) treated with multiple daily injections (MDIs) versus continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).
Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of women with type 1 DM with a singleton gestation who delivered between 2006 and 2014 at a tertiary hospital and received care at a dedicated DM clinic. Women who used MDI were compared with those who used CSII. The primary outcome was glycemic control admission during pregnancy. Secondary outcomes included adverse perinatal outcomes.
Results There were a total of 156 women; 107 treated with MDI and 49 with CSII. Women treated with MDI had higher rates of glycemic control admissions versus those treated with CSII (68.2 vs. 30.6%, p < 0.001). Adjusting for age, ethnicity, public insurer, duration of DM, first recorded hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and DM comorbidities, the likelihood of admission remained higher in women on MDI versus CSII (AOR 5.9 [1.7–20.6]). Women treated with MDI had higher rates of postprandial hypoglycemia. Other perinatal outcomes were similar between the groups.
Conclusion Women with type 1 DM treated with MDI were more likely to have glycemic control admissions and postprandial hypoglycemia than those treated with CSII.
Stellenwert von Aminosäuren bei der Entgiftung
Authors: Meyer Alfons 
Published: July 2017

SummaryNeben ihrer Hauptfunktion als Aufbaustoffe tragen Aminosäuren auch zur Entgiftung des Organismus und insbesondere zur Ammoniakentsorgung bei. Als Thiole können sie Schwermetalle chelatieren und zur Ausscheidung bringen. Viele Aminosäuren sind für das Immunsystem essenziell, schützen den Körper vor Intoxikationen und wirken bei Reinigung und Pflege der Mitochondrien mit.
Adipositas – Teil 1: Evolution und Genetik
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter 
Published: July 2017

SummaryHeutige Jäger und Sammler mit gleicher Ernährung und Lebensstil wie im Spätpaleolithikum sind gesünder als die Bevölkerung der „zivilisierten Welt“. Die in der Steinzeit überlebenswichtige metabolische Anpassung an den Wechsel von Überfluss und Mangel sowie von Aktivität und Ruhe ist bis heute in den Genen verankert und bestimmt den Stoffwechsel. Ständiger Überfluss von Nahrungsenergie und geringe körperliche Aktivität führen zu Vergrößerung der Fettspeicher und Insulinresistenz. Die unterschiedliche Ausprägung von Übergewicht und Adipositas in verschiedenen ethnischen Gruppen ist genetisch determiniert, wobei der ererbten Thermoregulationsfähigkeit eine wichtige Rolle zugeschrieben wird.
Leptinresistenz bei adipösen MCS-Kranken
Authors: Müller Kurt E. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDie Multiple Chemikaliensensitivität (MCS) ist häufig mit Nahrungsmittelintoleranz kombiniert. Trotz dadurch bedingter Einschränkung der Nahrungszufuhr entwickeln MCS-Kranke z. T. eine Adipositas, die durch Reduktion der Energieaufnahme wenig beeinflussbar ist. Eine Studie an 29 adipösen MCS-Patienten wies eine pathologische Erhöhung der Leptinspiegel nach. Die Bedeutung entzündlicher Reaktionen und der Störung funktioneller Regelkreise im Zusammenhang mit MCS wird diskutiert.
Krebs: Mikronährstoffe in der onkologischen Intervention
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Holzhauer Peter , Adamietz Irenäus 
Published: July 2017

SummaryAktuelle Studien weisen darauf hin, dass der labordiagnostisch validierte und therapieangepasste Einsatz von Mikronährstoffen ein wichtiger Baustein supportiver und komplementäronkologischer Therapiekonzepte ist. Die optimale Versorgung mit Nahrungsenergie sowie antientzündlichen und immunstabilisierenden Mikronährstoffen wie Selen, L-Carnitin, Vitamin C und D steigert das Ansprechen auf antineoplastische Therapien und verringert die Nebenwirkungsrate. Lebensqualität und Prognose der Patienten können verbessert werden.