bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Listening effort in children and adults in classroom noise
Authors: Seitz Julia , Loh Karin , Fels Janina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt is well known that hearing in noisy situations is more challenging than in quiet environments. This holds true for adults and especially for children. This study employed a child-appropriate dual-task paradigm to investigate listening effort in children aged six to ten years and young adults. The primary task involved word recognition, while the secondary task evaluated digit recall. Additionally, subjective perception of listening effort was assessed using a child-appropriate questionnaire. This study incorporated plausible sound reproduction and examined classroom scenarios including multi-talker babble noise with two signal-to-noise ratios (0 dB and −3 dB) in an anechoic and an acoustically simulated classroom environment. Forty-four primary school children aged six to ten (17 first- to second-graders and 18 third- to fourth-graders) and 25 young adults participated in this study. The results revealed differences in listening effort between the noise conditions in third- to fourth-graders and supported using the dual-task paradigm for that age group. For all three age groups, a greater subjective perception of listening effort in noise was found. Furthermore, a correlation between the subjective perception of listening effort and behavioural listening effort based on the experimental results was found for third- to fourth-graders and adults.
MAE‐SigNet: An effective network for automatic modulation recognition
Authors: Zhang Shilong , Song Yu , Wang Shubin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of the Internet of Things has exacerbated issues such as spectrum resource scarcity, poor communication quality, and high communication energy consumption. Automatic modulation recognition (AMR), a key technology in cognitive radio, has emerged as a crucial solution to these challenges. Deep neural networks have been recently applied in AMR tasks and have achieved remarkable success. However, existing deep learning‐based AMR methods often need to consider the sensitivity of models to noise fully. This study proposes a masked autoencoder multi‐scale attention feature fusion model (MAE‐SigNet). This model integrates a MAE, multi‐scale feature extraction module, bidirectional long short‐term memory module, and MAM to accomplish the AMR task under low signal‐to‐noise ratio. Additionally, we optimize the cross‐entropy loss of the MAE‐SigNet model by introducing MAE decoder reconstruction error, which enhances the model's sensitivity to noise while achieving more accurate feature representation. Experimental results demonstrate that the MAE‐SigNet model achieves average recognition rates of 63.77%, 65.28%, and 75.26% on the RML2016.10a, RML2016.10b, and RML2016.04c datasets. Mainly, MAE‐SigNet exhibits outstanding performance at various levels of low signal‐to‐noise ratios from −6 to 4 dB.
SVIT‐SSR: A sEMG‐based vision transformer approach for silent speech recognition
Authors: Li Zhao , Ma Bin , Mao Weifan , Zhang Jianxing , Yu Zhuting , Lu Yizhou 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSilent speech recognition (SSR) based on surface electromyography (sEMG) is a voice interaction technology proposed for scenarios requiring silent operations. This article abstracts the SSR task based on sEMG into a short‐term image sequence classification task. Time‐frequency domain feature extraction and data reconstruction on the muscle activity segment data is performed. Additionally, the temporal and spatial dimensions to capture the intrinsic correlation representation of muscle activity is analysed. The SVIT‐SSR model is proposed based on the vision transformer (VIT) framework. Finally, experiments to identify 33 types of typical silent speech commands in the SSR dataset are designed. The results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 96.67 ± 1.15%, outperforming similar algorithms.
Safeguarding IoT networks against DDoS attacks using deep learning based zero trust network access
Authors: Khan Murad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHere, a deep learning‐based zero trust network access (DL‐ZTNA) system to enhance the security of the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol within Internet of Things (IoT) applications was proposed. Combining multi‐head convolutional neural networks and attention‐based bi‐directional long short‐term memory networks with ZTNA provides real‐time security analysis of device behaviour. This behaviour‐based approach ensures that only authorized devices can access network resources and continuously monitors for potential threats like distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. The proposed DL‐ZTNA system revokes device access when a threat is detected and prevents further malicious activities. Evaluation in a testbed environment showed improvements in CPU usage efficiency, throughput, and attack detection probability compared to traditional methods. This highlights the system's effectiveness in securing MQTT‐based IoT networks against DDoS attacks while maintaining high performance, showcasing the potential of integrating deep learning techniques into ZTNA system for addressing security challenges in IoT environments.
A deep fusion‐based vision transformer for breast cancer classification
Authors: Fiaz Ahsan , Raza Basit , Faheem Muhammad , Raza Aadil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most common causes of death in women in the modern world. Cancerous tissue detection in histopathological images relies on complex features related to tissue structure and staining properties. Convolutional neural network (CNN) models like ResNet50, Inception‐V1, and VGG‐16, while useful in many applications, cannot capture the patterns of cell layers and staining properties. Most previous approaches, such as stain normalization and instance‐based vision transformers, either miss important features or do not process the whole image effectively. Therefore, a deep fusion‐based vision Transformer model (DFViT) that combines CNNs and transformers for better feature extraction is proposed. DFViT captures local and global patterns more effectively by fusing RGB and stain‐normalized images. Trained and tested on several datasets, such as BreakHis, breast cancer histology (BACH), and UCSC cancer genomics (UC), the results demonstrate outstanding accuracy, F1 score, precision, and recall, setting a new milestone in histopathological image analysis for diagnosing breast cancer.
Sexualbezogene Online-Fortbildung für Fachkräfte: Livestreaming mit Twitch,
OnlyFans und anderen Social-Media-Plattformen
Authors: Döring Nicola 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Praxisbeitrag befasst sich mit Live-Video-Übertragungen im Internet, dem sogenannten
Livestreaming. Eine Livestreaming-Funktion wird inzwischen auf allen großen Social-Media-Plattformen
geboten (z. B. Facebook Live, YouTube Live, Instagram Live, TikTok Live), zudem existieren dezidierte
Streaming-Plattformen (z. B. Twitch, Periscope, YouNow) und nicht zuletzt spielt das Livestreaming auf
Erotik-Plattformen eine wichtige Rolle (z. B. OnlyFans). Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die
Besonderheiten des Livestreamings mit Twitch und anderen Social-Media-Plattformen und geht auf den
bisherigen Stand der Forschung ein. Im Fokus stehen dann sexualbezogene Einsatzweisen des
Livestreamings.
Novel Use of Obsidio Conformable Embolic in Thoracic Duct Embolization
Authors: Labiste Chase , Pierre Kevin , McCurry Andrew , Amador Isabella , McCann George , Kent Thomas , Geller Brian , Davis Hugh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChylothorax is a potentially serious condition resulting from thoracic duct injury. When chyle output remains high despite medical management, invasive interventions such as surgical ligation or percutaneous thoracic duct embolization (TDE) may be necessary. Obsidio is a novel conformable embolic agent that shares properties of both coil and liquid embolic agents. A 37-year-old man presented with left-sided chylothorax, refractory to medical management, following a high-speed motorcycle collision. The thoracic duct was successfully embolized using Obsidio placed between coil packs with fibered coils. This case report demonstrates the first successful use of Obsidio for TDE in a patient with traumatic chylothorax.
Primary Intraoral Granulocytic Sarcoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Parveen Lamia , Bagchi Sudeshna , Chatterjee Rudra Prasad , Mahmud Abdul , Sinha Sangeeta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGranulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a rare extramedullary malignant tumor composed of immature granulocytes, including myeloblasts, promyelocytes, and myelocytes. In most cases, these are associated with persisting blood dyscrasias such as acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia. To date, 32 cases of GS involving orofacial region have been reported in the English literature. Out of these, only a few presented without any systemic complications. This case reports an unusual occurrence of GS without any associated leukemia involving the mandible of a 29-year-old male patient. Hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections revealed the presence of numerous rounds to ovoid myeloblasts with a multilobated, vesicular nucleus and a prominent nucleolus. The cells stained positive for Cluster of Differentiation 68, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase. He later underwent chemotherapy but succumbed in the interim period of chemotherapy. We hereby report a unique case of GS of mandible in an apparently healthy individual who deteriorated rapidly; an early and accurate diagnosis of which could have been life-saving.
Linguistic variation in mediated diplomatic communication: a full multi-dimensional analysis of interpreted language in Chinese Regular Press Conferences
Authors: Yao Yao , Li Dechao , Huang Yingqi , Sang Zhonggang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe integration of corpus linguistics within translation studies has revolutionised our understanding of mediated language. This study endeavours to advance this burgeoning field by employing a full multi-dimensional analysis to investigate linguistic variation in interpreted language within the specialised context of diplomatic discourse. Specifically, the research examines the co-occurring patterns of linguistic features in interpreted diplomatic language vis-à-vis its non-interpreted counterpart. Employing a multivariate statistical technique, this investigation conducted a factor analysis of 113 linguistic variables, yielding five distinct linguistic dimensions: (1) Involved vs. Informational Production, (2) Objective vs. Addressee-focused Narration, (3) Literate-Oral Continuum, (4) Information Elaboration, and (5) Narrative vs. Non-narrative Concerns. The resulting patterns demonstrate that interpreted diplomatic language tends to be more informative, objective, less elaborated, non-narrative, and aligns more closely with formal registers compared to its non-interpreted counterpart, although both navigate the literate-oral continuum. This study delineates the prevailing co-occurrence patterns in interpreted and non-interpreted diplomatic languages and seeks to elucidate the potential factors shaping these linguistic variations by situating these patterns within the context of diplomatic communication. In doing so, it contributes to a nuanced understanding of how specialised contexts influence mediated language use. The findings have significant implications for corpus-based interpreting studies, shedding light on the multi-dimensional nature of interpreted language and informing the development of targeted pedagogical approaches for diplomatic interpreter training.
Distributed phase-matching measurement enabled dynamic temperature–strain discrimination using single chirped pulse probe
Authors: Wang Yuan , Tovar Pedro , Cotton-Dumouchel Mathieu , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi 
Published: October 2024

Distributed optical fiber sensors with the capability of dynamic temperature and strain discrimination can be used for various applications, including perimeter security, structural health monitoring, and seismic sensing, as they can access the tolerance of the structures and sites to natural hazards, such as earthquakes, fires, and overflows. Here, we propose a hybrid Brillouin/Rayleigh sensing system that combines distributed phase matching measurement via Brillouin dynamic grating and inhomogeneity-induced Rayleigh scatting in polarization-maintaining fiber. Due to the high birefringence of polarization-maintaining fibers imposed by the stress-rods, the detection of Brillouin dynamic gratings results in opposite signs of spectral shifts under the changed temperature and strain, giving a high discrimination accuracy. In addition, the usage of a single chirped probe pulse signal allows a single end detection system for Rayleigh of the probe wave and idler wave from stimulated Brillouin scattering enhanced four-wave mixing, which simplified the sensing system significantly. Driven by the high spatial resolution ability of distributed phase matching measurement without phonon lifetime limitation, an intensity-based analysis approach for Rayleigh traces is carried out to resolve the external perturbation applied in a short section that is smaller than the spatial distinctness associated pulse width. In the proof-of-concept experiments, a simultaneous strain and temperature variation within a 40 cm fiber section are successfully discriminated with noise equivalent discrimination errors for strain and temperature of 112.2 nɛ and 10.9 m °C. The spatial resolution here is 2 m, and the maximum system’s sampling rate is up to 100 kHz without average, corresponding to the sensing distance of 1 km.
Modelling the impact of increasing supplementary feed allowance on predicted sheep enterprise production, profit and financial risk across southern Australia
Authors: Bates A. L. , Robertson S. M. , McGrath S. R. , Allworth M. B. , Refshauge G. 
Published: October 2024

Context Supplementary feeding may alter sheep enterprise production and profit margin, but use may vary across regions, sheep breeds and mating seasons. Supplementary feeding is a means of ensuring adequate nutrition but increases operating costs. Modelling has previously indicated the most profitable sheep enterprises optimise stocking rate and target lamb production, whereas those that minimise supplementary feeding incur the least financial risk. Aims To explore the impact of increasing supplementary feed allowance on production, profit and financial risk. Methods Seventy-two sheep farm enterprises were simulated across eight southern Australian locations, including three breeds and three mating seasons. For each enterprise a low grain allowance (LGA) of 30 kg/head.year (threshold used in previous modelling) was compared to a high grain allowance (HGA) of 35 kg/head.year and 42 kg/head.year for Merino and non-Merino ewes (current industry recommendations), respectively. The financial risk of each enterprise was determined via Conditional Value at Risk of gross margins over 30 years, exploring downside risk in the worst 20% of scenarios. Key results A HGA increased production and profit in 32% of farm enterprises, but financial risk was often increased. Merino enterprises were generally the most profitable, least risky and consumed the greatest amount of supplementary feed, followed by Composite and then Maternal enterprises. Summer and autumn mating was often most profitable, but high supplement consumption in autumn-mated enterprises increased financial risk. Conclusions Increasing supplementary feeding may improve production and profit but may also increase financial risk using the parameters examined. Implications Producers may be able to improve the production, profit and financial risk of an enterprise through increased supplementary feeding, but this will be dependent on breed, input costs, commodity prices and location.
Identification and characterisation of ‘No apical meristem; Arabidopsis transcription activation factor; Cup-shape cotyledon’ (NAC) family transcription factors involved in sugar accumulation and abscisic acid signalling in grape (Vitis vinifera)
Authors: Xia Shuang , Qi Xinyuan , Yang Jinli , Deng Qiaoyun , Wang Xiuqin 
Published: October 2024

The ‘No apical meristem; Arabidopsis transcription activation factor; Cup-shape cotyledon’ (NAC) transcription factors are pivotal in plant development and stress response. Sucrose-non-fermenting-related protein kinase 1.2 (SnRK1) is a key enzyme in glucose metabolism and ABA signalling. In this study, we used grape (Vitis vinifera) calli to explore NAC’s roles in sugar and ABA pathways and its relationship with VvSnRK1.2. We identified 19 VvNACs highly expressed at 90 days after blooming, coinciding with grape maturity and high sugar accumulation, and 11 VvNACs randomly selected from 19 were demonstrated in response to sugar and ABA treatments. VvNAC26 showed significant response to sugar and ABA treatments, and its protein, as a nucleus protein, had transcriptional activation in yeast. We obtained the overexpression (OE-VvNAC26) and RNA-inhibition (RNAi-VvNAC26) of VvNAC26 in transgenic calli by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. We found that VvNAC26 negatively influenced fructose content. Under sugar and ABA treatments, VvNAC26 negatively influenced the expression of most sugar-related genes, while positively influencing the expression of most ABA pathway-related genes. Dual-luciferase reporter experiments demonstrated that VvNAC26 significantly upregulates VvSnRK1.2 promoter expression in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves, although this process in grape calli requires ABA. The levels of sugar content, sugar-related genes, and ABA-related genes fluctuated significantly in OE-VvNAC26 + RNAi-VvSnRK1.2 and OE-VvSnRK1.2 + RNAi-VvNAC26 transgenic calli. These findings indicated that VvNAC26 regulates sugar metabolism and ABA pathway, displaying synergistic interactions with VvSnRK1.2.
Equine-Assisted Service Sessions in Crossties, Arenas and 10-acre Pastures: Does It Matter?
Authors: Nieforth Leanne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This hypothetical case study focuses on how space may influence the interactions between and the concurrent welfare of humans and equines participating in equine-assisted services. Considering the importance of agency and limitations defined by different spaces or settings, the case illustrates multiple strategies for intentionally acknowledging and incorporating spaces that promote wellbeing of both humans and equines. The welfare of equines in equine-human interactions is of utmost importance, yet standards of practice within equine-assisted service organizations and the resulting welfare of the equines vary. For example, some organizations facilitate equine-human interaction sessions at liberty with equines and humans interacting in wide open spaces, while other organizations facilitate sessions where the equine is restrained in some capacity (e.g., on halter/lead, cross tied, in a round pen). In this hypothetical case study, we discuss how the space in which an equine-human interaction occurs may have a direct impact on the interactions between and concurrent wellbeing of both human and equine participants. Situated in the framework of the Five Domains Model, we describe how the intentionality of space influences behavioural interactions with both human participants and equine participants. We focus on describing a practice that enables agency (ability to shape one’s own behaviours) and movement for both humans and equines. After reading this case study, practitioners will be able to evaluate how space can be a factor in sessions and will be able to extrapolate practical ideas that may improve the welfare of the equines within sessions. Considerations put forth in this case study centre the notion of space and its potential role in promoting positive wellbeing for both humans and equines within equine-human interactions.

Information
© The Author 2024
Plasma response to pulsed ion acoustic wave excitation
Authors: Jin Chenyao , Yip Chi-Shung , Zhang Wei , Jiang Di , Li Jiangang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Experimental investigations into the plasma’s response to a pulsed ion acoustic wave excited via a grid have been carried out in a quiescent, multi-dipole confined hot cathode discharge. A frequency limit at ∼1/140 of the ion plasma frequency f
pi has been found in the plasma’s ion acoustic response to the excitation wave. This limiting response frequency is much lower than a plasma’s expected ion acoustic resonance frequency, which previous computational and experimental investigations revealed to be >f
pi/10. The corresponding wavelength at ∼860 times the Debye length λ
Debye also mismatches both the plasma resonance wavelengths, the device dimensions and the grid dimensions. It was found that multi-cycle pulses do not drastically change the frequency but only increase the response amplitude, which closely reflects the increase in transmitted total pulse energy. These findings show that the preferred plasma response to an excitation pulse might not reflect its wave resonance characteristics and other plasma parameter related effects might be at play. Experiments also show an inverse relationship between plasma density and excited wave amplitude with identical excitation parameters, and a strong inverse correlation between the amplitude of the excited wave and the expected sheath thickness near the launch grid, suggesting that the fundamental process of exciting ion acoustic waves mirrors that of capacitively coupled plasma heating, i.e. via sheath fluctuations. The change of the ion acoustic wave damping length is also found to reflect the change of neutral pressure but only up a certain limit, which could be either due to a cone expansion of the launched waves and/or an additional damping mechanism other than ion-neutral collisions. The implications of these findings for other wave-related plasmas, i.e. pulsed rf-plasmas, are discussed.
Research on rotational rollback suppression of diamond-shaped active locking flexure mechanism (ALFM) driven by piezoelectric wafers
Authors: Li Xiaotao , Peng Xiangyou , Li Jingzhe , Wang Shengjiang , Zhang Qiuyu , Feng Mengxi , He Lipeng , Yan Langlang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Piezoelectric actuators have a wide range of applications in many areas due to their advantages of fast response speed, high resolution, compact and simple structure, diverse configurations, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. However, existing piezoelectric actuators generally have large fallback, and a few researchers have applied the ALFM to the fallback suppression of actuators. In this paper, an ALFM using a piezoelectric wafer as the driving source is innovatively designed, and the structure and dimensions are simulated and optimized using Finite Element Method, according to which the piezoelectric wafer-type ALFM is used to design a new inertial piezoelectric actuator that can suppress backward movement. The motion principle of the piezoelectric actuator is theoretically analyzed, followed by the establishment of the machine dynamics model of the piezoelectric actuator and simulation with MATLAB/simulink to verify the reasonableness of the dynamics model. Finally, a series of experiments are carried out on the processed drive model, and the results show that the maximum accuracy of the actuator is 8.5 μrad, and the maximum load capacity is 160 g. The comparison experiments at 30 Hz and 40 Hz with and without the ALFM prove that the locking mechanism does supress the actuator from backing off to a certain extent, which verifies the reasonableness of the scheme proposed in this paper.