bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A physically based rain attenuation model for terrestrial links
Authors: Ghiani R. , Luini L. , Fanti A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis contribution presents a novel physically based approach to modeling the rain attenuation affecting terrestrial links. The model is devised by investigating the path reduction factor (PF) on terrestrial links, a typical element of rain attenuation prediction models introduced to take into due account the spatial inhomogeneity of rainfall. To this aim, a large number of PF values are analyzed by simulating the interaction of a hypothetical terrestrial link with a set of realistic synthetic rain fields. The dependence of PF on different parameters such as the path length, the operational frequency, and the rain rate measured at the transmitter is addressed, and the results are exploited to devise analytical expressions aiming to provide an accurate yet simple approach to predicting rain attenuation on terrestrial links. Finally, the prediction accuracy of the proposed method is discussed (and compared to the one of other two models) by considering experimental data collected worldwide.
Technical note: No increase in effective dose from half compared to full rotation pelvis cone beam CT
Authors: Hauri Pascal , Hälg Roger A. , Schneider Uwe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeTo image the abdomen of a patient with a gantry mounted imaging system of a linear accelerator, different cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols are available. The whole‐body dose of a full rotation abdomen CBCT and a half rotation CBCT was compared. In our clinic, both CBCT protocols are used in daily routine work.MethodsWith an adult anthropomorphic Alderson phantom, the whole‐body dose per CBCT scan was measured with thermoluminescence dosimeters. The half rotation CBCT was applied such that the gantry mounted X‐ray source rotated around the right side of the phantom. The 183 measurement locations covered all ICRP recommended critical organs (except the gonads). The effective dose was calculated with the mean organ dose and the corresponding tissue weighting factors. A point‐by‐point dose comparison of both protocols was conducted.ResultsThe effective dose was 5.4 mSv ±5% and 5.0 mSv ±5% (estimated type B 1σ) for the full and the half rotation CBCT respectively. There was no significant difference (α = 0.05) in the effective dose within the precision of the measurement (1σ = 5%). The half rotation CBCT displayed an inhomogeneous dose distribution in a transversal phantom slice in contrast with the full rotation CBCT. In the imaging region, the mean dose was (20.5 ± 3.4) mGy and (19.2 ± 7.4) mGy (measured type A 1σ) for the full and the half rotation CBCT respectively.ConclusionThe half compared to the full rotation CBCT displays a smaller field‐of‐view in a transversal slice and no significant difference in the effective dose. Hence, the full rotation CBCT is favorable compared to the half rotation CBCT. However, by using the half rotation protocol, critical volumes in the patient can be spared compared to the full rotation protocol.
ROCs in Eyewitness Identification: Instructions versus Confidence Ratings
Authors: Mickes Laura , Seale‐Carlisle Travis M. , Wetmore Stacy A. , Gronlund Scott D. , Clark Steven E. , Carlson Curt A. , Goodsell Charles A. , Weatherford Dawn , Wixted John T. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryFrom the perspective of signal detection theory, different lineup instructions may induce different levels of response bias. If so, then collecting correct and false identification rates across different instructional conditions will trace out the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)—the same ROC that, theoretically, could also be traced out from a single instruction condition in which each eyewitness decision is accompanied by a confidence rating. We tested whether the two approaches do in fact yield the same ROC. Participants were assigned to a confidence rating condition or to an instructional biasing condition (liberal, neutral, unbiased, or conservative). After watching a video of a mock crime, participants were presented with instructions followed by a six‐person simultaneous photo lineup. The ROCs from both methods were similar, but they were not exactly the same. These findings have potentially important policy implications for how the legal system should go about controlling eyewitness response bias.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanostructured Materials for Neural Electrical Interfaces
Authors: Fairfield Jessamyn A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNeural electrical interfaces that accurately detect signals from active neurons with minimal signal loss or biological damage are critical to advancing our understanding of neurophysiology and neural coding. Significant physics and engineering issues exist in creating low‐impedance interfaces that can efficiently and reliably inject charge from tissue to sensor, as well as biological issues in minimizing immune response, unwanted chemical reactions, and cell damage. The incorporation of nanostructured materials in neural electrodes provides a structural solution by matching the feature size and mechanical properties of neural tissue while improving electrical contact and charge transfer parameters. Indeed, nature contains many examples of nanoscale and layered structures, suggesting engineering approaches that can be mimicked to better interface with the brain. The potential toxicity of nanoscale objects can be controlled by selecting appropriate materials, and the nanomaterials can either be used as coatings for traditional neural electrodes or as electrode materials themselves, for incorporation into electrode arrays with multiplexed readouts as brain–machine interfaces. This review provides an overview of the scientific challenges in neural electrodes, and explores recent advances and future directions in the application of metallic, semiconducting, carbon‐based, and polymer nanomaterials to electrodes designed to interface with the brain.
Novel Cranial Implants of Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia as Acoustic Windows for Ultrasonic Brain Therapy
Authors: Gutierrez Mario I. , Penilla Elias H. , Leija Lorenzo , Vera Arturo , Garay Javier E. , Aguilar Guillermo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTherapeutic ultrasound can induce changes in tissues by means of thermal and nonthermal effects. It is proposed for treatment of some brain pathologies such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases, and cancer. However, cranium highly absorbs ultrasound reducing transmission efficiency. There are clinical applications of transcranial focused ultrasound and implantable ultrasound transducers proposed to address this problem. In this paper, biocompatible materials are proposed for replacing part of the cranium (cranial implants) based on low porosity polycrystalline 8 mol% yttria‐stabilized‐zirconia (8YSZ) ceramics as acoustic windows for brain therapy. In order to assess the viability of 8YSZ implants to effectively transmit ultrasound, various 8YSZ ceramics with different porosity are tested; their acoustic properties are measured; and the results are validated using finite element models simulating wave propagation to brain tissue through 8YSZ windows. The ultrasound attenuation is found to be linearly dependent on ceramics' porosity. Results for the nearly pore‐free case indicate that 8YSZ is highly effective in transmitting ultrasound, with overall maximum transmission efficiency of ≈81%, compared to near total absorption of cranial bone. These results suggest that 8YSZ polycrystals could be suitable acoustic windows for ultrasound brain therapy at 1 MHz.
Data processing and case identification in an agricultural and logging morbidity surveillance study: Trends over time
Authors: Scott Erika , Bell Erin , Krupa Nicole , Hirabayashi Liane , Jenkins Paul 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundAgriculture and logging are dangerous industries, and though data on fatal injury exists, less is known about non‐fatal injury. Establishing a non‐fatal injury surveillance system is a top priority. Pre‐hospital care reports and hospitalization data were explored as a low‐cost option for ongoing surveillance of occupational injury.MethodsUsing pre‐hospital care report free‐text and location codes, along with hospital ICD‐9‐CM external cause of injury codes, we created a surveillance system that tracked farm and logging injuries.ResultsIn Maine and New Hampshire, 1585 injury events were identified (2008‐2010). The incidence of injuries was 12.4/1000 for agricultural workers, compared to 10.4/1000 to 12.2/1000 for logging workers.ConclusionsThese estimates are consistent with other recent estimates. This system is limited to traumatic injury for which medical treatment is administered, and is limited by the accuracy of coding and spelling. This system has the potential to be both sustainable and low cost.
A method of factor analysis for shape coordinates
Authors: Bookstein Fred L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCurrently the most common reporting style for a geometric morphometric (GMM) analysis of anthropological data begins with the principal components of the shape coordinates to which the original landmark data have been converted. But this focus often frustrates the organismal biologist, mainly because principal component analysis (PCA) is not aimed at scientific interpretability of the loading patterns actually uncovered. The difficulty of making biological sense of a PCA is heightened by aspects of the shape coordinate setting that further diverge from our intuitive expectations of how morphometric measurements ought to combine. More than 50 years ago one of our sister disciplines, psychometrics, managed to build an algorithmic route from principal component analysis to scientific understanding via the toolkit generally known as factor analysis. This article introduces a modification of one standard factor‐analysis approach, Henry Kaiser's varimax rotation of 1958, that accommodates two of the major differences between the GMM context and the psychometric context for these approaches: the coexistence of “general” and “special” factors of form as adumbrated by Sewall Wright, and the typical loglinearity of partial warp variance as a function of bending energy. I briefly explain the history of principal components in biometrics and the contrast with factor analysis, introduce the modified varimax algorithm I am recommending, and work three examples that are reanalyses of previously published cranial data sets. A closing discussion emphasizes the desirability of superseding PCA by algorithms aimed at anthropological understanding rather than classification or ordination.
Copper(I) bromide coordinated by the ionic liquid 1‐[(diethyl amine)amine]ethyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium chloride to catalyze the atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in 1‐allyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium chloride
Authors: Xue Teng , Tang Erjun , Zhou Jian , Han Ruitao , Liu Shaojie 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTA coordinating ionic liquid (IL), 1‐[(diethyl amine)amine]ethyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium chloride ([N3MIM]Cl), was prepared as an alternative to a simple organic ligand to coordinate to copper(I) bromide (CuBr). We, thereby, obtained a novel catalyst for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions. This catalyst was applied to the ATRP of methyl methacrylate in the IL 1‐allyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium chloride ([AMIM]Cl). The chemical structures of the ILs obtained were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and 1H‐NMR analyses. The coordination ability of [N3MIM]Cl was assessed by cyclic voltammetry, and the redox potential of [N3MIM]Cl–CuBr was −0.507 V. The [N3MIM]Cl–CuBr complex was expected to be a markedly more active catalyst than the amine DETA–CuBr complex. The coordination mode toward CuBr was also examined. The [N3MIM]Cl–CuBr catalyst system showed good controllability in the aforementioned ATRP reaction in [AMIM]Cl. The Cu catalyst was easily separated from the obtained polymer with the coordinating IL as a ligand. Consequently, the coordinating IL overcame the shortcomings of traditional organic ligands, such as poor compatibility with IL media and poor separation of the catalyst from the polymer; this makes it highly promising for applications in the ATRP field. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45484.
Differential response to disturbance factors for the population of sympatric crocodilians (Gavialis gangeticus and Crocodylus palustris) in Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, India
Authors: Choudhary Shikha , Choudhury B.C. , Gopi G.V. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary along the Indo‐Nepal border in India harbours a well‐known breeding gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) population in its global distribution range together with a substantial population of breeding muggers (Crocodylus palustris). However, no systematic information on size and structure is available for either of the species' populations in the protected area.
This study was undertaken in winter and the ensuing summer of 2010–2011 to estimate the relative population density and structure of the two crocodilian species and to examine the effect of various disturbance factors, with the main focus on the effects of tourism and illegal fishing on the behavioural attributes of the two species.
Five daytime surveys were conducted from December 2010 to April 2011. Relative density based on encounter rate (number per 20 km) was highest for gharial juveniles followed by gharial adults and gharial sub‐adults in all the five surveys. Muggers, on the other hand, showed the opposite trend, with the lowest encounter rate being for juveniles, followed by sub‐adults and adults. The encounter rate of both species declined with increase in the mean ambient temperature from December to April.
The river habitat was divided into 2 km segments and disturbance factors were recorded at intervals of 100 m on both river banks. Wariness was taken as an indicator of response to disturbance caused by human beings and was measured from mechanized boats used for tourism and non‐mechanized boats used for illegal fishing.
Segments with sandbars, in spite of moderate to high disturbance rate, were preferred for basking by both species. In conclusion, with suitable habitat for basking, gharials and muggers were observed to tolerate moderate levels of disturbance. Wariness resulting from disturbances from the non‐mechanized boats was higher than that from the mechanized boats. Gharials tend to avoid humans, possibly with age/size acquired experience and knowledge, whereas muggers become more tolerant to human presence with increased age/size.
Despite many disturbance factors, the crocodilian population in Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary is doing relatively well compared with populations in other habitats in India. With the involvement of local stakeholders and strict implementation of forest laws, the habitat can be further improved and a healthy gharial population can be ensured.
Risk factors for orofacial clefts in India: A case–control study
Authors: Neogi Sutapa Bandyopadhyay , Singh Samiksha , Pallepogula Dinesh Raj , Pant Hira , Kolli Sunanda Reddy , Bharti Priyanka , Datta Vikram , Gosla Srinivas Reddy , Bonanthaya Krishnamurthy , Ness Andy , Kinra Sanjay , Doyle Pat , Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana Murthy 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundOrofacial clefts (OFC) are linked with several genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to explore the association of potential risk factors with OFCs in India.MethodsThis was a hospital‐based, matched case–control (1:4 ratio; matching done for parity) study conducted in Hyderabad, Bengaluru, and Delhi‐National Capital Region. Cases (nonsyndromic clefts) were recruited from treatment centers, while controls (live births) were recruited from maternity centers. Information on exposures was collected during personal interviews. Exposures of interest included folic acid supplementation during the peri‐conceptional period, consanguineous marriage, exposure to drugs, infections during pregnancy, family history of OFC, and dietary factors.ResultsA total of 785 participants were included in the study: 157 cases and 628 controls. A family history of cleft lip/palate (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 15.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.36–54.96; p value = 0.001), exclusive vegetarianism (AOR, 4.47; 95% CI, 1.83–10.98; p value = 0.001), and delayed first conception (AOR, 2.55, 95% CI, 1.25–5.21, p = 0.01) were found to be strongly associated with higher risk of OFCs. Supplementation with folic acid during first 3 months of pregnancy was not found to be protective against OFCs (AOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.59–2.58; p value = 0.56).ConclusionOur study confirmed the importance of family history as a risk factor for OFC. Our study did not show an association with folic acid supplementation but was underpowered to detect small effects. Our finding of higher risk among vegetarians requires replication. Birth Defects Research 109:1284–1291, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study on effect of curcumin on anticerebral aneurysm in the male albino rats
Authors: Bo Li‐Juan , Miao Zhuang , Wang Zhan‐Feng , Zhang Kai‐Zhi , Gao Zheng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigated the curcumin effect on the cerebral aneurysm. Apoptosis is known to play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of a cerebral aneurysm. Therefore, we investigated the effect of curcumin on apoptosis of smooth muscle cells of a cerebral aneurysm‐induced male albino rats.MethodsIn this study, the cerebral aneurysm has been induced in the male albino rats by the CaCl2 administration. After cerebral aneurysm induction, smooth muscle cells were isolated. Cells were treated with curcumin (25 & 50 mg/kg bwt) for 48 hr.ResultsCurcumin reduced altered mitochondrial morphology significantly, evidenced through fluorescence and confocal study. Curcumin treatment reduced the expression of p53, caspase‐3, and bax/bxl‐2 ratio significantly. Curcumin treatment also reversed the cellular architecture of smooth muscle cell wall significantly. Fluorescence and the confocal study confirmed the reduction in apoptosis in a cerebral aneurysm‐induced smooth muscle cells of male albino rats.ConclusionTaking all these data together, it may suggest that the curcumin could significantly reduce the CaCl2‐induced cerebral aneurysm through the inhibition of cell apoptosis in the cells.
Reproducibility of quantitative structural and physiological MRI measurements
Authors: McGuire Stephen A. , Wijtenburg S. Andrea , Sherman Paul M. , Rowland Laura M. , Ryan Meghann , Sladky John H. , Kochunov Peter V. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionQuantitative longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/S) is used to assess progress of brain disorders and treatment effects. Understanding the significance of MRI/S changes requires knowledge of the inherent technical and physiological consistency of these measurements. This longitudinal study examined the variance and reproducibility of commonly used quantitative MRI/S measurements in healthy subjects while controlling physiological and technical parameters.MethodsTwenty‐five subjects were imaged three times over 5 days on a Siemens 3T Verio scanner equipped with a 32‐channel phase array coil. Structural (T1, T2‐weighted, and diffusion‐weighted imaging) and physiological (pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) data were collected. Consistency of repeated images was evaluated with mean relative difference, mean coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlation (ICC). Finally, a “reproducibility rating” was calculated based on the number of subjects needed for a 3% and 10% difference.ResultsStructural measurements generally demonstrated excellent reproducibility (ICCs 0.872–0.998) with a few exceptions. Moderate‐to‐low reproducibility was observed for fractional anisotropy measurements in fornix and corticospinal tracts, for cortical gray matter thickness in the entorhinal, insula, and medial orbitofrontal regions, and for the count of the periependymal hyperintensive white matter regions. The reproducibility of physiological measurements ranged from excellent for most of the magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements to moderate for permeability‐diffusivity coefficients in cingulate gray matter to low for regional blood flow in gray and white matter.DiscussionThis study demonstrates a high degree of longitudinal consistency across structural and physiological measurements in healthy subjects, defining the inherent variability in these commonly used sequences. Additionally, this study identifies those areas where caution should be exercised in interpretation. Understanding this variability can serve as the basis for interpretation of MRI/S data in the assessment of neurological disorders and treatment effects.
Peripheral neuropathy in limbic encephalitis with anti‐glutamate receptor antibodies: Case report and systematic literature review
Authors: Wei Yi‐Chia , Huang Chin‐Chang , Liu Chi‐Hung , Kuo Hung‐Chou , Lin Jainn‐Jim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionAutoantibodies to the alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor are known to be the causes of autoimmune encephalitis particularly limbic encephalitis. The involvement of the peripheral nervous system is rarely reported.MethodsWe analyzed the serial nerve conduction studies of a previously reported case of anti‐AMPA receptor encephalitis, who was presented with conscious disturbance and quadriplegia. Initial nerve conduction studies (NCS) revealed motor axonal polyneuropathy with active denervation. We also performed systematic review of similar cases with overlapped peripheral neuropathy and glutamate receptor encephalitis through Embase, PubMed, and MEDLINE.ResultsFollow‐up NCS of the patient with anti‐AMPA receptor encephalitis found reverse of the acute neuropathy, which was compatible with clinical recovery of quadriplegia. The systematic review identified 10 cases with overlapping peripheral neuropathy with anti‐AMPA or NMDA receptor encephalitis. Motor or sensorimotor neuropathies were more common than pure sensory neuropathies. Anti‐Hu, anti‐amphiphysin, or anti‐gnaglioside antibodies coexisted in some cases and might be associated with the peripheral symptoms.ConclusionsBoth anti‐AMPA and anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis could overlap with acute peripheral neuropathy. It is important to consider peripheral symptoms and perform diagnostic tests.