bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case‐control study of end‐of‐life treatment preferences and costs following advance care planning for adults with end‐stage kidney disease
Authors: Sellars Marcus , Morton Rachael L , Clayton Josephine M , Tong Allison , Mawren Daveena , Silvester William , Power David , Ma Ronald , Detering Karen M 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of advance care planning (ACP) to improve the likelihood that end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) patient’s preferences will be known and adhered to at end‐of‐life.MethodsA case‐control study of a nurse‐led ACP programme in adults with ESKD from a major tertiary hospital. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients whose preferences were known (by substitute decision maker and/or clinicians) and adhered to by their treating doctors. Secondary measures were health system resource use and costs ($AUD) for a nurse‐led ACP intervention in the last 12‐months of life.ResultsIn total, 57 cases (38 men, mean age 73.8 years) and 57 historical controls (38 men, mean age 74.0 years) were included. Cases (38/57, 67%) were significantly more likely than controls (15/57, 26%) to have their preferences known and adhered to by their treating doctor at end‐of‐life (P < 0.001). Cases (33/40, 83%) were also significantly more likely to withdraw from dialysis in accordance with their preferences than controls (11/33, 33%) (P < 0.001). For cases, the average hospital costs in the last 12 months of life was AUD $99 077 (SD = $71 002) per patient. The total cost of the ACP programme in 2010/2011 was AUD $26 821.ConclusionAdvance care planning was associated with improvements in end‐of‐life care preferences being known and adhered to for people with ESKD.
Genotype and malocclusion in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Jabbour Z. , Al‐Khateeb A. , Eimar H. , Retrouvey J. M. , Rizkallah J. , Glorieux F. H. , Rauch F. , Tamimi F. 
Published: February 2018

Structured AbstractObjectsTo investigate the relationship between genotype and severity of malocclusion in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI).Setting and Sample PopulationA total of 49 patients participated in this cross‐sectional study (age range: 5‐19 years; 28 females; diagnoses: OI type I, N = 7; OI type III, N = 11; OI type IV, N = 27; OI type V, N = 2; OI type VI, N = 2).Materials and MethodsSequence analysis of COL1A1/COL1A2 and other OI‐related genes was compared to the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR), an index reflecting the severity of malocclusion.ResultsThe mutation spectrum was as follows: COL1A1, N = 22; COL1A2, N = 22, IFITM5, N = 2; SERPINF1, N = 2; no mutation detected, N = 1). Compared to patients with COL1A1 mutations, patients with COL1A2 mutations had significantly higher scores for total PAR, anterior cross‐bite, anterior open bite and anteroposterior buccal occlusion. Males with COL1A2 mutations had significantly higher total PAR scores than females (median 36 vs 30, P = .047, Mann‐Whitney test). Exploratory correlation between age and buccal vertical occlusion was noted in patients with COL1A2 mutations (Spearman correlation: r = .46, P = .03, power = .50).Two patients with OI type V (caused by IFITM5 mutations) had total PAR scores of 44 and 21. Both patients scored high for “segment.” Patients with OI type VI (due to SERPINF1 mutations) scored similar to OI type V for “centreline.” Considerable difference was observed in the total PAR score between the 2 patients with OI type VI. They had total PAR of 43 and 2.ConclusionType of disease‐causing mutation affects the severity of malocclusion in individuals with OI.
Masculinity and husbandry in Joseph Hall's Virgidemiarum
Authors: Sivefors Per 
Published: February 2018

AbstractVerse satire from Roman times and onward draws extensively on gender stereotypes in its depictions of urban and decadent men. While clearly drawing on such literary traditions, Joseph Hall's Virgidemiarum (1597–98) spans over a wider register in emphasising both rural and urban contexts, and in focusing specifically on aspects of husbandry, pedigree and provision. Rather than being simply classical imitation, the failed men of Hall's satires should be understood from the economic context of early modern masculinity, which constituted manhood in terms of pedigree and providing for one's household. Unlike other Elizabethan satire, which predominantly attacks sexual vice as an urban phenomenon, Virgidemiarum depicts flawed manhood in broader terms of failed husbandry. In doing so, the essay contends, Hall's satires re‐enact changes in social structure and in the conceptions of masculinity at the time.
“It's Definitely a Good Time to Be a Farmer”: Understanding the Changing Dynamics of Successor Creation in Late Modern Society
Authors: Chiswell Hannah M. , Lobley Matt 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article considers the implications of the wider systemic shift from modernity to late modernity for the process of intergenerational farm transfer. The article argues that the shift from the collective to the individual, indicative of late modern society, is particularly pertinent in the context of intergenerational transfer, which has long been rooted in collective thinking. Drawing on the perspectives of incumbent farmers and potential successors, the article utilizes results from semistructured interviews with 29 farmers and 19 potential successors in Devon, England. Using a thematic analysis, the article provides a nuanced understanding of the impact of the systemic shift and the associated emphasis on the individual on successor identification. Although the article reaffirms understanding of successor creation as a collective process, determined by factors such as gender and birth order, it also identifies an emergent cohort of younger potential successors, for whom succession was the outcome of an evaluation of farming as a career. It concludes that, within the case study area, modernization is changing the way in which farm children are identifying themselves as “the successor.” The article suggests how this increasingly judicious approach to succession leaves reproduction of the family farm increasingly vulnerable to negative externalities.
Sorted bedforms off Western Long Island, New York, USA: Asymmetrical morphology and twelve‐year migration record
Authors: Liu Shihao , Goff John A. , Flood Roger D. , Christensen Beth , Austin James A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSorted bedforms are widely present in sediment‐starved littoral and inner shelf settings; they are indicators for hydrodynamic conditions and a primary contributor for the subsurface structure. This study investigated the morphology and migration of sorted bedforms on the inner shelf of Long Beach Barrier Island, New York, USA, by repeat geophysical and geological surveys in 2001, 2005 and 2013 (following superstorm Sandy) involving swath bathymetry, backscatter, chirp seismic reflection data and grab sampling. Swath data revealed that the western sector, comprising the western 75% of the survey region, is dominated by NNE–SSW‐oriented, 0·5 to 1·0 km wide sorted bedforms with highly asymmetrical cross‐sections, with steeper slopes and coarser sands on the eastern (stoss) flanks. Many secondary bedforms were also observed (north–south to north‐east/south‐west oriented lineation structures) at the western edges of coarse sand zones. The eastern sector displays an unusual sorted bedform pattern that is dominated by coarse‐grained substrate, with isolated patches of fine‐grained sands oriented north‐east/south‐west which are 0·15 to 1·0 km in length and ca 30 to 200 m in width, similar in scale and orientation to the secondary bedforms in the western sector. Comparison analysis of the swath data sets indicates that the primary transverse sorted bedform morphology within the western sector was largely stable over this time frame, although the swales were deepened following the storms. The coarse/fine sand boundaries did migrate, however, moving ca 1 to 5 m eastward between 2001 and 2005, and ca 5 to 20 m westward between 2005 and 2013; the higher migration rates (up to 2·5 m year−1) in the latter time period may be attributable to large storm forcing (for example, hurricanes Irene and Sandy). Significant north‐westward migration of the secondary bedforms and coarse sand patches in the western sector, as well as fine sand patches in the eastern sector were also observed; these features are far more mobile than the primary sorted bedforms, possibly because they are fine sand drifts that do not erode into the coarse substrate. Seismic reflection data revealed a transgressive ravinement beneath sorted bedforms, merging with the sea floor at the bottom of swales. The authors hypothesize that long‐term topographic migration of transverse sorted bedforms contributes to the formation and evolution of the ravinement.
Feminist and queer criminology: A vital place for theorizingLGBTQyouth
Authors: Kahle Lindsay 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCreating safe environments for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer and/or questioning (LGBTQ) youth has become a significant public health concern. Despite the disparities in the risk factors associated with identifying as a member of the LGBTQ community, the theoretical frameworks for understanding these issues, particularly within criminology, have been limited. The purpose of this work is to review the historical treatment of gender and sexual orientation within criminology. More specifically, this work reviews how gender was introduced into criminology through the work of feminist criminology, followed by the need for theorization that further analyzed sexual orientation. This then became the focus of queer criminology. After tracing the historical development of gender and sexual orientation, the author uses the theoretical foundations of both to show how it applies to recognizing the issues faced by LGBTQ youth. Finally, the author discusses why consideration of these frameworks is paramount in understanding the issues faced by LGBTQ youth, as well as how such consideration and understanding can help mend the existing gap in providing safer environments for LGBTQ youth.
Exploring the case for a national‐scale soil conservation and soil condition framework for evaluating and reporting on environmental and land use policies
Authors: Humphries R. N. , Brazier R. E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt has long been realized that the conservation of soil capital and ecosystem services are of paramount importance, resulting in a growing case for a change in attitude and policymaking in respect of soils. Current UK and EU approaches are risk‐based and focused on measures to manage and remediate the adverse impact of current policies and practices directed at maximizing productivity and profit, rather than one of resource conservation. Increasing soil loss and degradation is evidence that current policy is not working and a new approach is needed. In the UK there is governmental ambition to progress towards natural capital‐led land use policies but, in the absence of a framework to determine the relative condition of the soil resource, the delivery of sustainable soil conservation policies will continue to be inhibited. Common Standards Monitoring (CSM) is an established monitoring and management framework (based on ecosystem structure, function and process) and has been effectively deployed for almost two decades by the UK Government for the monitoring and reporting of key biological and earth science natural capital and ecosystem services from ‘field’ to local, regional and national levels to the European Commission. It is argued that a CSM for soils could be developed for the UK's soil resources as well as for those elsewhere, and would be able to deliver a conservation rather than the current risk‐based approach. It is capable of accommodating the complexities and variation in soil types and functions and potentially being practical and cost‐effective in its implementation.
The distinct functions of two classical arabinogalactan proteins BcMF8 and BcMF18 during pollen wall development in Brassica campestris
Authors: Lin Sue , Yue Xiaoyan , Miao Yingjing , Yu Youjian , Dong Heng , Huang Li , Cao Jiashu 
Published: February 2018

SummaryArabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are extensively glycosylated hydroxyproline‐rich glycoproteins ubiquitous in all plant tissues and cells. AtAGP6 and AtAGP11, the only two functionally known pollen‐specific classical AGP encoding genes in Arabidopsis, are reported to have redundant functions in microspore development. BcMF18 and BcMF8 isolated from Brassica campestris are the orthologues of AtAGP6 and AtAGP11, respectively. In contrast to the functional redundancy of AtAGP6 and AtAGP11, single‐gene disruption of BcMF8 led to deformed pollen grains with abnormal intine development and ectopic aperture formation in B. campestris. Here, we further explored the action of BcMF18 and its relationship with BcMF8. BcMF18 was specifically expressed in pollen during the late stages of microspore development. Antisense RNA transgenic lines with BcMF18 reduction resulted in aberrant pollen grains with abnormal cellulose distribution, lacking intine, cytoplasm and nuclei. Transgenic plants with repressive expression of both BcMF8 and BcMF18 showed a hybrid phenotype, expressing a mixture of the phenotypes of the single gene knockdown plant lines. In addition, we identified functional diversity between BcMF18/BcMF8 and AtAGP6/AtAGP11, mainly reflected by the specific contribution of BcMF18 and BcMF8 to pollen wall formation. These results suggest that, unlike the orthologous genes AtAGP6 and AtAGP11 in Arabidopsis, BcMF18 and BcMF8 are both integral to pollen biogenesis in B. campestris, acting through independent pathways during microspore development.
Anglo‐Indian slang in dictionaries on historical principles
Authors: Lambert James 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article deals with the lexicography of Anglo‐Indian English; specifically it examines both past and contemporary work in the style of dictionary known as the ‘dictionary on historical principles’. This type of dictionary is commonly viewed as the pinnacle of the western lexicographical tradition and for world Englishes scholars wishing to find out detailed information about a particular lexical item in a certain variety of English, a dictionary on historical principles is by far the best type of dictionary to use, provided one exists that covers the variety in question. The goal of the present study was to gauge the need for greater lexicographical research into Anglo‐Indian English by conducting a focused lexicographical study and comparing the results against bothHobson‐Jobsonand theOED. The results, now published as dictionary entries in the online version ofGreen's Dictionary of Slang, add greatly to our knowledge of Anglo‐Indian English and reveal a need for continued dictionary work to improve upon the coverage provided by previous lexicography.
Neutron attenuation analysis of cryogenic propellants
Authors: Bellur Kishan , Hussey Daniel , Jacobson David , Lamana Jacob , Medici Ezequiel , Hermanson James , Allen Dr. Jeffrey S. , Choi Chang Kyoung 
Published: February 2018

Neutron imaging enables direct visualization of evaporation and condensation of cryogenic propellants in metal containers such as aluminum and stainless steel. CFD models of propellant behaviors inside the large tanks have shown that a thin liquid film is formed along the interior surface, but this had not been verified experimentally. In the present study, neutron imaging is used to study evaporation and condensation rates of liquid methane inside a cylindrical 10 mm, Al 6061 cell. The liquid meniscus is clearly shown, but the spatial resolution is insufficient to directly image thin liquid films that may be on the interior surface. Optical density (neutron attenuation) analysis enables quantitative measurements of these liquid films. An optical density image is formed by removing the background noise and normalizing the liquid image with that of the empty cell. Optical densities are then transformed into a liquid transmission thickness using the Beer-Lambert law. This technique enables measurement of film thicknesses smaller than the spatial resolution of the imaging system. The above graphic shows an optical density image during condensation of methane and the corresponding horizontal scan which suggests that a 11 μm film exists on the wall. The images indicate that methane undergoes film-wise condensation and is perfectly wetting to aluminum.
These experiments were conducted at the NIST Center for Neutron Research in the Neutron Imaging Facility and the relevant work is supported by an Early stage Innovations Grant from NASA's Space Technology Research Grants Program (Grant # NNX14AB05G).
Identification
of Material Parameters of a Hyper-Elastic Body With Unknown Boundary
Conditions
Authors: Hajhashemkhani M. , Hematiyan M.
R. , Goenezen S. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Identification of material properties of hyper-elastic materials such as soft tissues of the human body or rubber-like materials has been the subject of many works in recent decades. Boundary conditions generally play an important role in solving an inverse problem for material identification, while their knowledge has been taken for granted. In reality, however, boundary conditions may not be available on parts of the problem domain such as for an engineering part, e.g., a polymer that could be modeled as a hyper-elastic material, mounted on a system or an in vivo soft tissue. In these cases, using hypothetical boundary conditions will yield misleading results. In this paper, an inverse algorithm for the characterization of hyper-elastic material properties is developed, which takes into consideration unknown conditions on a part of the boundary. A cost function based on measured and calculated displacements is defined and is minimized using the Gauss–Newton method. A sensitivity analysis is carried out by employing analytic differentiation and using the finite element method (FEM). The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical and experimental examples. The novel method is tested with a neo–Hookean and a Mooney–Rivlin hyper-elastic material model. In the experimental example, the material parameters of a silicone based specimen with unknown boundary condition are evaluated. In all the examples, the obtained results are verified and it is observed that the results are satisfactory and reliable.
Effects of Environmental and Management-Associated Factors on Prevalence and Diversity of Streptococcus suis in Clinically Healthy Pig Herds in China and the United Kingdom
Authors: Zou Geng , Zhou Jianwei , Xiao Ran , Zhang Liangsheng , Cheng Yuting , Jin Hui , Li Lu , Zhang Lijun , Wu Bin , Qian Ping , Li Shaowen , Ren Lixin , Wang Jinhong , Oshota Olusegun , Hernandez-Garcia Juan , Wileman Thomas M. , Bentley Stephen , Weinert Lucy , Maskell Duncan J. , Tucker A. W. (Dan) , Zhou Rui 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus suis
, a global zoonosis of pigs, shows regional differences in the prevalence of human-associated disease for Asian and non-Asian countries. The isolation rates and diversities of
S. suis
on tonsils of healthy slaughter pigs in China and the United Kingdom were studied for effects of geography, temperature, pig age, and farm type. Isolates underwent analysis of molecular serotype and multilocus sequence type and virulence-associated genotyping. Although we found no significant difference in positive isolation rates between Chinese and UK farms, the prevalences of serotypes previously associated with human disease were significantly greater in the Chinese collection (
P
= 0.003). A significant effect of temperature was found on the positive isolation rate of the Chinese samples and the prevalence of human disease-associated serotypes in the UK
S. suis
population (China,
P
= 0.004; United Kingdom,
P
= 0.024) and on the prevalence of isolates carrying key virulence genes in China (
P
= 0.044). Finally, we found marked diversity among
S. suis
isolates, with statistically significant temperature effects on detection of multiple strain types within individual pigs. This study highlighted the high carriage prevalence and diversity of
S. suis
among clinically healthy pig herds of China and the United Kingdom. The significant effect of temperature on prevalence of isolation, human disease-associated serotypes, and diversity carried by individual pigs may shed new light on geographic variations in human
S. suis
-associated disease.

IMPORTANCE
Streptococcus suis
is a global zoonotic pathogen and also a normal colonizer mainly carried on the tonsil of pigs. Thus, it is important to study the effect of environmental and management-associated factors on the
S. suis
populations in clinically healthy pigs. In this research, we investigated the similarities and differences between the
S. suis
populations obtained from different pig ages, seasons, and farm management systems and discovered the relationship between high climatic temperature and the prevalence of
S. suis
.
Relative Abundances of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata in
In Vitro
Coculture Biofilms Impact Biofilm Structure and Formation
Authors: Olson Michelle L. , Jayaraman Arul , Kao Katy C. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Candida
is a member of the normal human microbiota and often resides on mucosal surfaces such as the oral cavity or the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to their commensality,
Candida
species can opportunistically become pathogenic if the host microbiota is disrupted or if the host immune system becomes compromised. An important factor for
Candida
pathogenesis is its ability to form biofilm communities. The two most medically important species—
Candida albicans
and
Candida glabrata
—are often coisolated from infection sites, suggesting the importance of
Candida
coculture biofilms. In this work, we report that biofilm formation of the coculture population depends on the relative ratio of starting cell concentrations of
C. albicans
and
C. glabrata
. When using a starting ratio of
C. albicans
to
C. glabrata
of 1:3, ∼6.5- and ∼2.5-fold increases in biofilm biomass were observed relative to those of a
C. albicans
monoculture and a
C. albicans
/
C. glabrata
ratio of 1:1, respectively. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed the heterogeneity and complex structures composed of long
C. albicans
hyphae and
C. glabrata
cell clusters in the coculture biofilms, and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) studies showed increases in the relative expression of the
HWP1
and
ALS3
adhesion genes in the
C. albicans
/
C. glabrata
1:3 biofilm compared to that in the
C. albicans
monoculture biofilm. Additionally, only the 1:3
C. albicans
/
C. glabrata
biofilm demonstrated an increased resistance to the antifungal drug caspofungin. Overall, the results suggest that interspecific interactions between these two fungal pathogens increase biofilm formation and virulence-related gene expression in a coculture composition-dependent manner.

IMPORTANCE
Candida albicans
and
Candida glabrata
are often coisolated during infection, and the occurrence of coisolation increases with increasing inflammation, suggesting possible synergistic interactions between the two
Candida
species in pathogenesis. During the course of an infection, the prevalence of each
Candida
species may change over time due to differences in metabolism and in the resistance of each species to antifungal therapies. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the dynamics between
C. albicans
and
C. glabrata
in coculture to develop better therapeutic strategies against
Candida
infections. Existing
in vitro
work has focused on understanding how an equal-part culture of
C. albicans
and
C. glabrata
impacts biofilm formation and pathogenesis. What is not understood, and what is investigated in this work, is how the composition of
Candida
species in coculture impacts overall biofilm formation, virulence gene expression, and the therapeutic treatment of biofilms.