bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulamentação da Rotulagem dos Alimentos Vegetarianos sob a Perspectiva do Código de Defesa do Consumidor
Authors: Alves Fabrício Germano , Varella Marcelo Henrique Lopes 
Published: November 2017

REGULAMENTAÇÃO DA ROTULAGEM DOS ALIMENTOS VEGETARIANOS SOB A PERSPECTIVA DO CÓDIGO DE DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR VEGETARIAN FOODS LABELING REGULATION UNDER THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE CONSUMER’S PROTECTION CODENSTRUMENT OF POSITIVE ALLOCATION OF RISKS IN CONTRACTS Fabrício Germano Alves*Marcelo Henrique Lopes Varella** RESUMO: O presente trabalho trata sobre a rotulagem de alimentos vegetarianos sob a perspectiva do direito à informação dos consumidores. A informação é um direito consagrado pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor (Lei Federal 8.078/1990), que neste caso específico está relacionado principalmente com a proteção da saúde e o direito de escolha, por isso a importância do seu estudo. Em vista da variedade de produtos e rótulos que existe atualmente, surge a dúvida sobre como os mesmos devem estar dispostos para respeitar o referido direito a informação. A metodologia deste trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa hipotético-dedutiva, realizada com uma abordagem qualitativa e um propósito descritivo, com a finalidade de propor uma avaliação formativa sobre a temática em estudo. Para garantir a efetividade do direito à informação é preciso que os fornecedores utilizem no rótulo dos alimentos vegetarianos uma marca de fácil identificação pelos consumidores. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Consumidor. Informação. Rotulagem. Alimentos. ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the labeling of vegetarian foods from the perspective of the consumer’s right to information. Information is a right enshrined by the Consumer Protection Code (Federal Law 8.078/1990), which in this particular case is mainly related to the health protection and the right to choose, so the importance of its study. In view of the variety of products and labels that currently exists, the question about how they should be exposed to comply with that right to information arises. The methodology of this work consists of a hypothetical-deductive research, carried out with a qualitative approach and a descriptive purpose, in order to propose a formative evaluation on the subject under study. To ensure the effectiveness of the right to information is necessary that suppliers use on the label of vegetarian food a brand of easy identification by consumers. KEYWORDS: Consumer. Information. Labeling. Foods. SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1 Vegetarianismo e Direito à Informação. 2 Rotulagem de Produtos: Informação e Regulamentação. 3 Rotulagem Vegetariana no Direito Estrangeiro. 4 Proposição de Regulamentação para a Rotulagem de Produtos Vegetarianos. Considerações Finais. Referências.* Doutor em Direito pela Universidad del País Vasco (Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea UPV/EHU), Espanha. Professor dos Programas de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) e da Universidade Potiguar (UNP).** Bacharel em Direito pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN).
A Privação do Uso como Fonte do Dever de Indenizar
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Da Guia 
Published: November 2017

A PRIVAÇÃO DO USO COMO FONTE DO DEVER DE INDENIZAR DEPRIVATION OF THE USE AS A SOURCE OF CIVIL LIABILITY Rodrigo da Guia Silva* RESUMO: A privação do uso, entendida como a supressão temporária da prerrogativa de usar, tem o condão de acarretar diversas ordens de danos injustos ao titular lesado. O presente estudo busca, então, investigar o estado atual do direito brasileiro acerca dos danos decorrentes da supressão temporária da faculdade de usar. Parte-se da assunção do paradigma do dano injusto, o que tornou possível o reconhecimento de novos danos, para além daqueles tradicionalmente identificados pela civilística. Na sequência, investiga-se a tutela conferida pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro à prerrogativa de usar, com o que se buscará compreender as principais hipóteses de danos emergentes, lucros cessantes e danos morais em decorrência da privação do uso. Espera-se, ao final, fornecer sistematização útil ao estudo da responsabilidade civil. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Privação do Uso. Dano Injusto. Responsabilidade Civil. Prerrogativa de Usar. ABSTRACT: Deprivation of use, understood as temporary suppression of the faculty of use, is able to cause various kinds of unfair damages to the offended right-holder. This study seeks to investigate the current stage of Brazilian Law about damages due to deprivation of use. Based on the assumption of the unfair damage paradigm, it is possible to recognize new damages, besides those traditionally identified by doctrine. This study investigates, therefore, the protection granted by Law to the faculty of use, which will allow to understand the main situations of emergent damages, lost profits and moral damages due to deprivation of use. The final intention is to offer an useful systematization about civil liability. KEYWORDS: Deprivation of the Use. Unfair Damage. Civil Liability. Faculty of Use. SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1 Premissa Metodológica: Análise da Responsabilidade Civil à Luz do Paradigma do Dano Injusto. 2 Impressões Iniciais sobre a Tutela Conferida pelo Ordenamento Jurídico Brasileiro à Prerrogativa de Usar. 3 Breve Incurso sobre a Experiência Estrangeira em Matéria de Privação do Uso. 4 O Cerne da Controvérsia: Possibilidade de Dano Emergente Autônomo em Decorrência da Privação do Uso no Direito Brasileiro. 5 Hipóteses de Configuração de Lucros Cessantes. 6 Hipóteses de Configuração de Danos Morais. Considerações Finais. Referências.* Mestrando em Direito Civil pela Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Membro do Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Civil (IBDCivil). Advogado.
Fundamentos dos Conceitos de Hermenêutica Jurídica e de Interpretação em Carlos Maximiliano
Authors: Miozzo Pablo Castro 
Published: November 2017

FUNDAMENTOS DOS CONCEITOS DE HERMENÊUTICA JURÍDICA E DE INTERPRETAÇÃO EM CARLOS MAXIMILIANO FUNDAMENTALS OF THE CONCEPTS OF LEGAL HERMENEUTICS AND INTERPRETATION IN CARLOS MAXIMILIANO Pablo Castro Miozzo* RESUMO: O presente trabalho se ocupa do pensamento de Carlos Maximiliano acerca da hermenêutica jurídica e da interpretação, procurando investigar as bases a partir das quais ele se alicerça. Num primeiro momento, será investigada a obra de Francisco de Paula Baptista, com a qual Maximiliano dialoga criticamente, procurando-se estabelecer as pressupostos teórico-filosóficos do conceito de interpretação daquele autor. Num segundo momento, serão apresentadas concepções de Maximiliano em si, bem como as teorias que parecem estar na base de seu pensamento e que sustentam a sua crítica ao conceito de interpretação de Paula Baptista, em especial a hermenêutica de Schleiermacher e a metodologia jurídica de Savigny. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hermenêutica Jurídica. Interpretação do Direito. “In claris non fit interpretatio”. ABSTRACT: This work paper lay emphasis on the thinking of Carlos Maximiliano about legal hermeneutics and interpretation, seeking to investigate the bases from which it is founded. At first, it will investigate the work of Francisco de Paula Baptista, with whom Maximiliano critically dialogues, seeking to establish the theoretical and philosophical assumptions of the concept of interpretation of the former author. Secondly, the very conception of Maximiliano will be presented, as well as the theories that seem to be on the basis of his thinking, and at the same time supports its criticism against the concept of interpretation of Paula Baptista, especially the hermeneutics from Schleiermacher and the legal methodology from Savigny. KEYWORDS: Legal Hermeneutics. Interpretation of Law. “In claris non fit interpretatio”. SUMÁRIO: Introdução1 Os Conceitos de Hermenêutica Jurídica e de Interpretação em Francisco de Paula Baptista. 2 Os Conceitos de Hermenêutica Jurídica e de Interpretação em Carlos Maximiliano. 3 O Conceito de Interpretação na Hermenêutica Geral de Schleiermacher e na Metodologia Absoluta de Savigny. 3.1 Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher. 3.2 Friedrich Carl von Savigny. 4 O Papel do Intérprete e o Conceito de Aplicação do Direito em Carlos Maximiliano. Considerações Finais. Referências.* Doutorando em Direito pela Universidade de Freiburg (Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg), Alemanha. Mestre pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).
Crisis del Estado y Globalización: Prognosis Marxista
Authors: Sánchez Bravo Álvaro 
Published: November 2017

CRISIS DEL ESTADO Y GLOBALIZACIÓN: PROGNOSIS MARXISTA CRISE DO ESTADO E GLOBALIZAÇÃO: PROGNOSE MARXISTA STATE CRISIS AND GLOBALIZATION: MARXIST PROGNOSIS Álvaro Sánchez Bravo* RESUMO: Este artigo aspira a analisar a crise do Estado em um contexto de globalização, por meio da doutrina marxista. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Crise do Estado. Globalização Marxismo. ABSTRACT: This article aims to analyze the Sate crisis in a context of globalization, by means of the Marxist doctrine. KEYWORDS: State Crisis. Globalization. Marxism. SUMARIO: Introducción. 1 El Estado y la Globalización. Conclusión. Referencias.* Doutor em Direito pela Universidad de Sevilla, Espanha. Professor da Faculdade de Direito da Universidad de Sevilla, Espanha. Expert da Agência de Execução do Conselho Europeu de Investigação (ERCEA), União Europeia. Presidente da Asociación Andaluza de Derecho, Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Coeditor da Revista Internacional de Direito Ambiental.
Contribution of various income sources to interregional inequality of the per capita income in the Russian Federation
Authors: Malkina Marina 
Published: November 2017

Research background: The reduction lately observed in interregional differences in the per capita income in Russia requires some clarification of the reasons. One possible way to do this could be decomposition of interregional inequality in personal incomes by income sources, i.e.: wages and salaries, property incomes, social transfers, entrepreneurship incomes and revenues from informal activities.
Purpose of the article: The objective of this research is identification of the character, direction and degree of influence of various income sources on interregional inequality and convergence of Russian regions by their per capita income in 2001?2014.
Methods: We brought personal incomes in the regions to a comparable level using the relative cost of fixed consumer basket. Then we applied the population-weighted Gini coefficient, coefficient of variation, and the Theil index to measure the interregional inequality in personal incomes in dynamics. Further usage of various techniques of inequality decomposition allowed us to evaluate contribution of different types of income to the Russian regions? convergence across time.
Findings & value added: Various types of income demonstrated different paths of interregional inequality, changes in interaction and in the shares of total income, which altogether influenced spatial inequality. Wages and salaries showed the largest and growing impact on inequality. The contribution of informal incomes to the overall inequality was the second largest, but diminishing and negatively interacting with other unevenly distributed types of income; thereby they provided more than half of the total interregional convergence. Entrepreneurship incomes revealed slightly decreasing influence on inequality, which was mainly neutralized by their reduction in the share of total income. Social transfers demonstrated the largest smoothing effect, however, their contribution to convergence was exhausted. Property incomes evidenced the greatest enhancing impact on inequality especially in the period of recovery. Additionally, informal incomes played the role of substitutes for formal incomes providing self-replicating mechanisms for reducing inequality in Russia.
Financial depth and post-2008 change of GDP
Authors: Pietrucha Jacek , Acedański Jan 
Published: November 2017

Research background: This paper researches the relationship between financial depth (private credit to GDP ratio) and the subsequent response of GDP to the 2007+ financial crisis. The prevailing view in the finance-volatility of growth nexus literature is that financial depth reduces production volatility, but this holds true only up to a certain level of financial depth. Another stream of research documents that rapid growth in credit is a financial crisis predictor.
Purpose of the article: We ask: did financial depth or its change have any impact on the post-crisis response of the real sector?
Methods: Cross-sectional regression, 144 countries.
Findings & value added: The post-crisis GDP response corresponds to a change of financial depth prior to the crisis, rather than to the financial depth itself. The increase of financial depth prior to the crisis is statistically significant to the extent of GDP drop; in countries where the credit-to-GDP ratio surged prior to the crisis, the post-crisis response of the real sector was more pronounced. There is no evidence that financial depth negatively affected the extent of the GDP drop after the 2007+ financial crisis; some calculations suggest that the effect is slightly positive (i.e. the collapse was less severe in the countries with higher financial depth). The variables relating to financial depth affected the response of GDP mainly in countries where financial depth is relatively high.
Basic Principle Application and Technology of Boron Neutron Capture Cancer Therapy (BNCT) Utilizing Monte Carlo N Particle 5’S Software (MCNP 5) with Compact Neutron Generator (CNG)
Authors: Payudan Aniti , Aziz Abdullah Nur , Sardjono Yohannes 
Published: November 2017

The purpose are to know basic principle, needed component, types of compact neutron generator, plus and minus CNG, identify materials can use as collimator, know physics parameters as input software MCNP 5, knowing step simulation with software MCNP 5, dose in BNCT, knowing boron compound that use in BNCT, getting collimator design for BNCT'S application with source is compact neutron generator and count physics parameter of collimator output and compares it with standard IAEA. Method are reading reference and simulation with MCNP 5. The result are BNCT use high linear energy transfer from alpha and lithium as a result of <sup>10</sup>B(n,α)<sup>7</sup>Li reaction. BNCT method is effective for cancer therapy. It is not dangerous to normal tissues. To work perfectly, BNCT needs neutron, boron (BSH and BPA as boron compound) Indonesia have study turmeric as boron compound, neutron source, collimator and dose. Dose component in BNCT that important are dose of recoil proton, dose of gamma, dose alfa and dose radiation to environmentally. CNG produce neutron with fussion reaction of deuterium-deuterium (2,45 MeV), deuterium-tritium (14 MeV), tritium-tritium(11,31 MeV) can used as neutron source BNCT. Many kinds of CNG are axial, coaxial, toroidal, plasma design, accelerator design, and CNG with diameter 2,5 cm. CNG have more benefit than another neutron source, make CNG compatible as BNCT application. Neutron from CNG need collimator to get neutron as IAEA’s parameter. Material for collimator are wall and aperture (material: Ni, Pb, Bi), moderator (Al, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3, </sub>S, AlF<sub>3</sub>), filter (<sup>6</sup>Li,<sup>10</sup>B, LiF, Al, Cd-nat,<sup> </sup>Ni-60, BiF<sub>3</sub>, <sup>157</sup>Gd, <sup>151</sup>Eu), gamma shield (Bi, Pb). Simulation using MCNP 5 has severally steps, the first is sketching problem, the second is making listing program with notepad, the third open program on visual editor, and the last is running program. Acquired result is design tube collimator with radius 71 cm and high 139, 5 cm. Design contained on lead wall as thick as 19, 5 cm; moderate: heavy water as thick as 4 cm, AlF<sub>3 </sub>girdle a half of part CNG, MgF <sub>2 </sub>(19 cm + 10 cm), Al (6,5 cm + 5 cm);Gamma shield: bismuth, and aperture with diameter 6 cm by steps aside nickel. The result collimator output cross three of five IAEA'S defaults. They are the ratio among dosed gamma with flux epithermal is 5,738×10 <sup>-24</sup>Gy. cm <sup>2 </sup>.n <sup>-</sup>1, the value of ratio among thermal's neutron flux with epithermal neutron is 0, 02567, and ratio among current with flux neutron completely is 1, 2. Need considerable effort of all part to realize BNCT in Indonesia.
Clinical trial design of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy on breast cancer using D-D coaxial compact neutron generator as neutron source and Monte Carlo N-Particle simulation method
Authors: Pasaribu Rosenti , Kusminarto Kusminarto , Sardjono Yohannes 
Published: November 2017

<span>A clinical trial simulation of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) for breast cancer was conducted at National Nuclear Energy Agency Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This was motivated by high rate of breast cancer in the world, especially in Indonesia. BNCT is a type of therapy by nuclear reaction </span><sup>10</sup><span>B(n,α)</span><sup>7</sup><span>Li that produces kinetic energy totaling 2.79 MeV. High Linear Energy Transfer (LET) radiation of α-particle and recoil </span><sup>7</sup><span>Li would locally deposit their energy in a range of 5-9 μm, which corresponds to the human cell diameter. Fast neutron coming out of Compact Neutron Generator (CNG) was moderated using Fe and MgF</span><sub>2</sub><span> material. A collimator, along with breast cancer and the corresponding organ at risk were designed compatible to Monte Carlo N-Particle X (MCNPX). The radiation were simulated by the MCNPX software and the physical quantities were counted by tally MCNPX codes. The highest neutron thermal flux was found at a depth of 1.4 cm on fat tissue. En face and upward intersection radiation techniques were adopted for the breast cancer radiation. The average dose rate of radiation used on breast cancer was 1.72×10</span><sup>-5 </sup><span>Gy/s for the en face method and 8.98×10</span><sup>-6 </sup><span>Gy/s for the upward intersection method. Dose 50±3 Gy was given into cancer cell, (4.18±0.06) ×10</span><sup>-2</sup><span> Gy into heart and (8.16±0.06) ×10</span><sup>-2</sup><span>Gy into lung for 806.34 hours irradiation.</span>
Catalytic Activity of Zr4+/ZA on The Isomerization Reaction of α-Pinene and It’s Reusability Test
Authors: Wijaya Nico Aditya , Wijayati Nanik , Cahyono Edy 
Published: November 2017

Production of turpentine oil from pine resin until December 2014<sup>th</sup> was reported to reaching 17.150 tones with the wide of pine forest is 876.992,66 acres. The main component of turpentine oil is α-pinena which isomer products have high value for industrial raw materials. Effects concentration of impregnation and reusability test a best catalyst on α-pinene isomerization reaction using catalysts Zr<sup>4+</sup>/natural zeolite in which modificated with different Zr<sup>4+</sup> concentration were analyzed. Characterization of catalyst included <em>X-ray Fluoroscent </em>for detection of Zr concentration in natural zeolites, <em>Surface Area Analyzer </em> for determine catalyst porosity using BET method, and determination of acidity using vapor ammonia and pyridine base adsorption gravimetric method. Isomerization process used a batch reactor with variation in the concentrations of Zr<sup>4+</sup> impregnations 10, 15, and 20 w/w as well as reusability test used best catalyst. The highest conversion of α-pinene used Zr<sup>4+</sup>/ZA 10% catalyst was 3,89% so as Zr<sup>4+</sup>/ZA 10% catalyst is best catalyst than other catalysts whereas highest conversion of α-pinene used Zr<sup>4+</sup>/ZA 10% regeneration catalyst was 4,26%. The product is produced from isomerization reaction of α-pinene used Zr<sup>4+</sup>/ZA all variations catalysts was camphene and limonene.
Biological Shielding Design of In Vitro Test Facility Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) at Radial Piercing Beam Port of Kartini Research Reactor Using MCNPX
Authors: Widarto Widarto , Prabowo Buyung Edi 
Published: November 2017

<p>This research aimed to determine material specification of radiation biological shielding design of neutron and gamma output on radial piercing beamport of Kartini Research Reactor using MCNPX code, as safety radiation protection purpose of in vitro / in vivo irradiation test facility. Refference input data using parameters of neutron and gamma as result simmulation researcher before as follows Ф<sub>th</sub> is 5.00 x 10<sup>8 </sup>n.cm<sup>-2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>, Ф<sub>epi</sub> is 1.23 x 10<sup>8</sup> n.cm<sup>-2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>, Ф<sub>fast </sub>is 1.35 x 10<sup>9</sup> n.cm<sup>-2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>, Ḋ<sub>γ</sub> is 2.49 x 10<sup>-3</sup> Sv.s<sup>-1</sup>, Ḋ<sub>n</sub> is 3.63 x 10<sup>-1</sup> Sv.s<sup>-1</sup>. [ Dwi W.]</p>Optimation result of simulation using MCNPX to determine specification material for radiation protection safety are parafin block with thickness 75 cm for neutron shielding and covered by material lead (Pb) with thickness 15 cm for gamma shieding. By this optimation for the both thickness materials, determination for neutron and gamma dose rate are as follow , Ḋ<sub>n</sub> = 1,1 x Sv.s<sup>-1</sup> and with Ḋ<sub>γ </sub>= 1,1 x 10<sup>-09 </sup>Sv.s<sup>-1</sup>. Those radiation dose rate of neutron and gamma parameters are still under requirement of safety dose standard that is 2.78 x 10<sup>-9</sup> Sv.s<sup>-1</sup> as regulation of Regulatory Body BAPETEN. [Perka BAPETEN No. 4 Tahun 2014]. It can be concluded that by the Biological Shielding Design of In Vitro Test Facility Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT)<em> </em>at Radial Piercing Beam Port of Kartini Research Reactor Using MCNPX can operated safely.
Determinación del perfil de susceptibilidad a antibióticos de Listeria sp. aisladas de leche cruda de vaca en Tunja
Authors: Urbano Cáceres Eliana Ximena , Aguilera Becerra Astrid Maribel , Jaimes Bernal Claudia Patricia 
Published: November 2017

Introducción: La presencia de especies de Listeria sp en alimentos, se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública, considerando su patogenicidad, especialmente por L. monocytogenes.
Objetivo: Determinar el perfil de susceptibilidad de cepas de Listeria sp. aisladas a partir de muestras de leche cruda de vaca en fincas del municipio de Tunja-Boyacá-Colombia.
Metodología: Se analizaron 293 muestras de leche cruda de vaca obtenidas de las cantinas de almacenamiento; para el aislamiento e identificación bioquímica de Listeria sp, se realizó un pre-enriquecimiento en caldo Fraser (Oxoid), incubación a 4°C, aislamiento en medio Palcam (Oxoid) e identificación utilizando Microbact Listeria L-12 (Oxoid). El perfil de susceptibilidad a antibióticos fue determinado por el método de difusión de disco.
Resultados: la prevalencia total de Listeria sp. fue de 9.89 % (n= 29). La especie más prevalente fue L. seeligeri (7.17%) y la menos L. grayi (0.34%). L. monocytogenes presentó una prevalencia de 2.7%. Se determinó que todos los aislamientos de Listeria sp fueron susceptibles a la penicilina y la ampicilina. Un aislamiento de L. monocytogenes fue resistente a ciprofloxacina, gentamicina, trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol y tetraciclina, mientras que las demás fueron sensibles a los antibióticos evaluados.
Conclusiones: Se determinó la presencia de varias especies de Listeria sp, incluyendo L. monocytogenes la cual es considerada de importancia en salud pública. Se presentó susceptibilidad a la mayoría de los antibióticos analizados excepto a clindamicina, además se reporta un caso aislado de resistencia a tetraciclina en una cepa de L. monocytogenes y se determinó la resistencia a trimetoprim-sulfametoxazole.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
Inocuidad de los Alimentos, Productos Lácteos, Inspección de Alimentos, Bacterias Grampositivas.
SUMMARY