bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved risk stratification in prevention by use of a panel of selected circulating microRNAs
Authors: Keller Till , Boeckel Jes-Niels , Groß Stefan , Klotsche Jens , Palapies Lars , Leistner David , Pieper Lars , Stalla Günnter K. , Lehnert Hendrik , Silber Sigmund , Pittrow David , Maerz Winfried , Dörr Marcus , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich , Baumeister Sebastian E. , Völker Uwe , Felix Stephan B. , Dimmeler Stefanie , Zeiher Andreas M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRisk stratification is crucial in prevention. Circulating microRNAs have been proposed as biomarkers in cardiovascular disease. Here a miR panel consisting of miRs related to different cardiovascular pathophysiologies, was evaluated to predict outcome in the context of prevention. MiR-34a, miR-223, miR-378, miR-499 and miR-133 were determined from peripheral blood by qPCR and combined to a risk panel. As derivation cohort, 178 individuals of the DETECT study, and as validation cohort, 129 individuals of the SHIP study were used in a case-control approach. Overall mortality and cardiovascular events were outcome measures. The Framingham Risk Score(FRS) and the SCORE system were applied as risk classification systems. The identified miR panel was significantly associated with mortality given by a hazard ratio(HR) of 3.0 (95% (CI): 1.09–8.43; p = 0.034) and of 2.9 (95% CI: 1.32–6.33; p = 0.008) after adjusting for the FRS in the derivation cohort. In a validation cohort the miR-panel had a HR of 1.31 (95% CI: 1.03–1.66; p = 0.03) and of 1.29 (95% CI: 1.02–1.64; p = 0.03) in a FRS/SCORE adjusted-model. A FRS/SCORE risk model was significantly improved to predict mortality by the miR panel with continuous net reclassification index of 0.42/0.49 (p = 0.014/0.005). The present miR panel of 5 circulating miRs is able to improve risk stratification in prevention with respect to mortality beyond the FRS or SCORE.
Candidate regulators of Early Leaf Development in Maize Perturb Hormone Signalling and Secondary Cell Wall Formation When Constitutively Expressed in Rice
Authors: Wang Peng , Karki Shanta , Biswal Akshaya K. , Lin Hsiang-Chun , Dionora Mary Jacqueline , Rizal Govinda , Yin Xiaojia , Schuler Mara L. , Hughes Tom , Fouracre Jim P. , Jamous Basel Abu , Sedelnikova Olga , Lo Shuen-Fang , Bandyopadhyay Anindya , Yu Su-May , Kelly Steven , Quick W. Paul , Langdale Jane A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAll grass leaves are strap-shaped with a series of parallel veins running from base to tip, but the distance between each pair of veins, and the cell-types that develop between them, differs depending on whether the plant performs C3 or C4 photosynthesis. As part of a multinational effort to introduce C4 traits into rice to boost crop yield, candidate regulators of C4 leaf anatomy were previously identified through an analysis of maize leaf transcriptomes. Here we tested the potential of 60 of those candidate genes to alter leaf anatomy in rice. In each case, transgenic rice lines were generated in which the maize gene was constitutively expressed. Lines grouped into three phenotypic classes: (1) indistinguishable from wild-type; (2) aberrant shoot and/or root growth indicating possible perturbations to hormone homeostasis; and (3) altered secondary cell wall formation. One of the genes in class 3 defines a novel monocot-specific family. None of the genes were individually sufficient to induce C4-like vein patterning or cell-type differentiation in rice. A better understanding of gene function in C4 plants is now needed to inform more sophisticated engineering attempts to alter leaf anatomy in C3 plants.
Stress state measured at ~7 km depth in the Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Sun Dongsheng , Sone Hiroki , Lin Weiren , Cui Junwen , He Bizhu , Lv Haitao , Cao Zicheng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe in-situ stress state in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China, down to 7 km depth is constrained using the anelastic strain recovery (ASR) method and wellbore failure analysis. Results are consistent between the two methods, and indicate that the maximum principal stresses (σ1) are close to vertical and the intermediate and minimum principal stresses (σ2 and σ3) are approximately horizontal. The states of stress at the studied wellbore is in the normal faulting stress regime within the Tarim Basin rather than in the compressional tectonic stress regime as in the periphery of the Tarim Basin, which explains the presence of the normal faults interpreted in 3-D seismic profiles collected from adjacent areas. Our results demonstrate that the ASR method can be used for rocks recovered from depths as deep as 7 km to recover reliable stress state information. The in-situ stress measurement results revealed in this paper will help future development of the petroleum resources and kinematics study in the Tarim Basin.
Origin of proton affinity to membrane/water interfaces
Authors: Weichselbaum Ewald , Österbauer Maria , Knyazev Denis G. , Batishchev Oleg V. , Akimov Sergey A. , Hai Nguyen Trung , Zhang Chao , Knör Günther , Agmon Noam , Carloni Paolo , Pohl Peter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractProton diffusion along biological membranes is vitally important for cellular energetics. Here we extended previous time-resolved fluorescence measurements to study the timeandtemperature dependence of surface proton transport. We determined the Gibbs activation energy barrier ΔG‡rthat opposes proton surface-to-bulk release from Arrhenius plots of (i) protons’ surface diffusion constant and (ii) the rate coefficient for proton surface-to-bulk release. The large size of ΔG‡rdisproves that quasi-equilibrium exists in our experiments between protons in the near-membrane layers and in the aqueous bulk. Instead, non-equilibrium kinetics describes the proton travel between the site of its photo-release and its arrival at a distant membrane patch at different temperatures. ΔG‡rcontains only a minor enthalpic contribution that roughly corresponds to the breakage of a single hydrogen bond. Thus, our experiments reveal an entropic trap that ensures channeling of highly mobile protons along the membrane interface in the absence of potent acceptors.
Isoelectric point-based fractionation by HiRIEF coupled to LC-MS allows for in-depth quantitative analysis of the phosphoproteome
Authors: Panizza Elena , Branca Rui M. M. , Oliviusson Peter , Orre Lukas M. , Lehtiö Janne 
Published: June 2017

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is involved in the regulation of most eukaryotic cells functions and mass spectrometry-based analysis has made major contributions to our understanding of this regulation. However, low abundance of phosphorylated species presents a major challenge in achieving comprehensive phosphoproteome coverage and robust quantification. In this study, we developed a workflow employing titanium dioxide phospho-enrichment coupled with isobaric labeling by Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) and high-resolution isoelectric focusing (HiRIEF) fractionation to perform in-depth quantitative phosphoproteomics starting with a low sample quantity. To benchmark the workflow, we analyzed HeLa cells upon pervanadate treatment or cell cycle arrest in mitosis. Analyzing 300 µg of peptides per sample, we identified 22,712 phosphorylation sites, of which 19,075 were localized with high confidence and 1,203 are phosphorylated tyrosine residues, representing 6.3% of all detected phospho-sites. HiRIEF fractions with the most acidic isoelectric points are enriched in multiply phosphorylated peptides, which represent 18% of all the phospho-peptides detected in the pH range 2.5–3.7. Cross-referencing with the PhosphoSitePlus database reveals 1,264 phosphorylation sites that have not been previously reported and kinase association analysis suggests that a subset of these may be functional during the mitotic phase.
Paranoia and the social representation of others: a large-scale game theory approach
Authors: Raihani Nichola J. , Bell Vaughan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCurrent definitions of paranoia include two key components: unfounded ideas of harm and the idea that the harm is intended by others. However, attributions of harmful intent have been poorly studied and mainly using artificial scenarios rather than participation in genuine social interactions where genuine resources are at stake. Using a large non-clinical population (N = 3229) recruited online, we asked people to complete a measure of paranoid ideation before playing a modified Dictator Game, where the ‘dictator’ can allocate money to the partner (the ‘receiver’). Participants were allocated to the role of receiver or of an uninvolved observer; and evaluated to what extent they believed dictator decisions were motivated by (i) self-interest or (ii) harmful intent. All participants attributed more harmful intent to unfair as opposed to fair dictators. Paranoia had a positive effect on harmful intent attribution, for both fair and unfair dictators. Paranoia did not interact with attributions of self-interest. Importantly, highly paranoid participants attributed equally strong harmful intent to the dictator in the observer role as in the receiver role. This challenges the assumption that paranoia is mainly due to an exaggerated sense of personalised threat and suggests instead that paranoia involves a negative social representations of others.
Superior high creep resistance of in situ nano-sized TiCx/Al-Cu-Mg composite
Authors: Wang Lei , Qiu Feng , Zhao Qinglong , Zha Min , Jiang Qichuan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe tensile creep behavior of Al-Cu-Mg alloy and its composite containing in situ nano-sized TiCx were explored at temperatures of 493 K, 533 K and 573 K with the applied stresses in the range of 40 to 100 MPa. The composite reinforced by nano-sized TiCx particles exhibited excellent creep resistance ability, which was about 4–15 times higher than those of the unreinforced matrix alloy. The stress exponent of 5 was noticed for both Al-Cu-Mg alloy and its composite, which suggested that their creep behavior was related to dislocation climb mechanism. During deformation at elevated temperatures, the enhanced creep resistance of the composite was mainly attributed to two aspects: (a) Orowan strengthening and grain boundary (GB) strengthening induced by nano-sized TiCx particles, (b) θ′ and S′ precipitates strengthening.
Activation of the mTOR signaling pathway is required for asthma onset
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Jing Ying , Qiao Junying , Luan Bin , Wang Xiufang , Wang Li , Song Zhe 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe mTOR pathway has been implicated in immune functions; however, its role in asthma is not well understood. We found that patients experiencing an asthma attack, when compared with patients in asthma remission, showed significantly elevated serum mTOR pathway activation, increased Th17 cells and IL-4, and decreased Treg cells and IFN-γ. In patients experiencing asthma, mTOR activation was positively correlated with the loss of Th17/Treg and Th1/Th2 balance. The role of mTOR in asthma was further confirmed using an ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mouse model. The mTOR pathway was activated in asthmatic mice, demonstrated by elevated levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p-p70S6k, and this activation was significantly reduced by treatment with budenoside or mTOR pathway inhibitors. Moreover, mTOR pathway inhibitor treatment reduced asthmatic markers and reversed the Th17/Treg and Th1/Th2 imbalances in asthmatic mice. Finally, different mTOR pathway inhibitor treatments have different inhibitory effects on signaling molecules in asthmatic mice. In summary, mTOR is activated during asthma onset and suppressed during asthma remission, and inhibiting the mTOR pathway in asthmatic mice alleviates asthmatic markers and restores the balances of Th17/Treg and Th1/Th2 cytokines. These data strongly suggest a critical requirement for mTOR pathway activation in asthma onset, suggesting potential targets for asthma treatments.
HDAC6: A Novel Histone Deacetylase Implicated in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Boucherat Olivier , Chabot Sophie , Paulin Roxane , Trinh Isabelle , Bourgeois Alice , Potus François , Lampron Marie-Claude , Lambert Caroline , Breuils-Bonnet Sandra , Nadeau Valérie , Paradis Renée , Goncharova Elena A. , Provencher Steeve , Bonnet Sébastien 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular remodeling disease with limited therapeutic options. Although exposed to stressful conditions, pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) exhibit a “cancer-like” pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic phenotype. HDAC6 is a cytoplasmic histone deacetylase regulating multiple pro-survival mechanisms and overexpressed in response to stress in cancer cells. Due to the similarities between cancer and PAH, we hypothesized that HDAC6 expression is increased in PAH-PASMCs to face stress allowing them to survive and proliferate, thus contributing to vascular remodeling in PAH. We found that HDAC6 is significantly up-regulated in lungs, distal PAs, and isolated PASMCs from PAH patients and animal models. Inhibition of HDAC6 reduced PAH-PASMC proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in vitro sparing control cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that HDAC6 maintains Ku70 in a hypoacetylated state, blocking the translocation of Bax to mitochondria and preventing apoptosis. In vivo, pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 improved established PAH in two experimental models and can be safely given in combination with currently approved PAH therapies. Moreover, Hdac6 deficient mice were partially protected against chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Our study shows for the first time that HDAC6 is implicated in PAH development and represents a new promising target to improve PAH.
Submicron-scale broadband polarization beam splitter using CMOS-compatible materials
Authors: Lai Ming-Sheng , Huang Chia-Chien 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe propose a polarization beam splitter (PBS) with a footprint of only 600 × 790 nm2 operating at a wavelength of λ = 1550 nm, which is the smallest PBS ever demonstrated. This device uses CMOS-compatible materials, namely, silicon and silica. The present PBS comprises two Si waveguides with different geometrical aspect ratios adjoined side-by-side, which separates the transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) modes without relying on an additional coupling region. The designed PBS achieves a polarization extinction ratio of approximately 25 dB for both modes and insertion losses of approximately 0.87 and 1.09 dB for the TE and TM polarizations, respectively. Over a wide bandwidth of 150 nm (from λ = 1475–1625 nm), a high polarization extinction ratio (greater than 20 dB) and a low inversion loss (lower than 1.3 dB) can be obtained. The proposed PBS allows for geometrical errors of ±15 nm while maintaining a polarization extinction ratio of >20 dB and inversion losses of >1.1 and 1.3 dB for the TE and TM modes, respectively. With the submicron footprint, the reported PBS may be able to be used in high-density photonic integrated circuits and nanophotonic devices.
The Impact of Feedback Frequency on Performance in a Novel Speech Motor Learning Task
Authors: Lowe Mara Steinberg , Buchwald Adam 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThis study investigated whether whole nonword accuracy, phoneme accuracy, and acoustic duration measures were influenced by the amount of feedback speakers without impairment received during a novel speech motor learning task.MethodThirty-two native English speakers completed a nonword production task across 3 time points: practice, short-term retention, and long-term retention. During practice, participants received knowledge of results feedback according to a randomly assigned schedule (100%, 50%, 20%, or 0%). Changes in nonword accuracy, phoneme accuracy, nonword duration, and initial-cluster duration were compared among feedback groups, sessions, and stimulus properties.ResultsAll participants improved phoneme and whole nonword accuracy at short-term and long-term retention time points. Participants also refined productions of nonwords, as indicated by a decrease in nonword duration across sessions. The 50% group exhibited the largest reduction in duration between practice and long-term retention for nonwords with native and nonnative clusters.ConclusionsAll speakers, regardless of feedback schedule, learned new speech motor behaviors quickly with a high degree of accuracy and refined their speech motor skills for perceptually accurate productions. Acoustic measurements may capture more subtle, subperceptual changes that may occur during speech motor learning.Supplemental Materialshttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5116324
Game-Based Augmented Visual Feedback for Enlarging Speech Movements in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Yunusova Yana , Kearney Elaine , Kulkarni Madhura , Haworth Brandon , Baljko Melanie , Faloutsos Petros 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this pilot study was to demonstrate the effect of augmented visual feedback on acquisition and short-term retention of a relatively simple instruction to increase movement amplitude during speaking tasks in patients with dysarthria due to Parkinson's disease (PD).

Method
Nine patients diagnosed with PD, hypokinetic dysarthria, and impaired speech intelligibility participated in a training program aimed at increasing the size of their articulatory (tongue) movements during sentences. Two sessions were conducted: a baseline and training session, followed by a retention session 48 hr later. At baseline, sentences were produced at normal, loud, and clear speaking conditions. Game-based visual feedback regarding the size of the articulatory working space (AWS) was presented during training.

Results
Eight of nine participants benefited from training, increasing their sentence AWS to a greater degree following feedback as compared with the baseline loud and clear conditions. The majority of participants were able to demonstrate the learned skill at the retention session.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the feasibility of augmented visual feedback via articulatory kinematics for training movement enlargement in patients with hypokinesia due to PD.

Supplemental Materials

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5116840
Acoustic and Perceptual Consequences of Speech Cues for Children With Dysarthria
Authors: Levy Erika S. , Chang Younghwa M. , Ancelle Joséphine A. , McAuliffe Megan J. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeReductions in articulatory working space and vocal intensity have been linked to intelligibility deficits in children with dysarthria due to cerebral palsy. However, few studies have examined the outcomes of behavioral treatments aimed at these underlying impairments or investigated which treatment cues might best facilitate improved intelligibility. This study assessed the effects of cues targeting clear speech (i.e., “Speak with your big mouth”) and greater vocal intensity (i.e., “Speak with your strong voice”) on acoustic measures of speech production and intelligibility.MethodEight children with spastic dysarthria due to cerebral palsy repeated sentence- and word-level stimuli across habitual, big mouth, and strong voice conditions. Acoustic analyses were conducted, and 48 listeners completed orthographic transcription and scaled intelligibility ratings.ResultsBoth cues resulted in significant changes to vocal intensity and speech rate although the degree of change varied by condition. In a similar manner, perceptual analysis revealed significant improvements to intelligibility with both cues; however, at the single-word level, big mouth outperformed strong voice.ConclusionChildren with dysarthria are capable of changing their speech styles differentially in response to cueing. Both the big mouth and strong voice cues hold promise as intervention strategies to improve intelligibility in this population.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5116843
Controversy in the Determination of Death: Cultural Perspectives
Authors: Potter Katherine 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe definitions of death have changed throughout recorded history to include not just cardiac death but death by neurological criteria as well. Given the many cultures present in the world, it comes as no surprise that declaring death takes many forms. In the Western world, brain death has gained common acceptance (though not universal), while other cultures and religions have struggled with this issue, especially as it surrounds the controversy of donated organs. There is legal precedent to support death by neurological criteria, as well as support for hospital systems and physicians to terminate somatic support of the brain-dead patient; however, these laws differ greatly from country to country. When dealing with a controversial topic, differing laws, and grief-laden families, it becomes especially crucial that health care staffs are educated regarding varying cultural beliefs surrounding death. In the majority of cases, with kindness and compassion, common ground between science and social perspectives can be found, leading to resolution of care for this group of patients.
Uniportale videoassistiert-thorakoskopische anatomische Lungenresektionen: erste Erfahrungen und ein Vergleich mit dem multiportalen Zugang
Authors: Stamenovic Davor , Messerschmidt Antje , Jahn Tillmann , Schneider Thomas 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die uniportale videoassistierte Thorakoskopie (UVATS) bei anatomischen Lungenresektionen erfährt zurzeit ein großes Interesse. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, eventuelle Hindernisse bei der Einführung der uniportalen Methode in die tägliche Routine minimalinvasiver Lungenresektionen darzustellen. Daher untersuchten wir retrospektiv unsere ersten Erfahrungen und ermittelten eine Lernkurve.
Methoden Von Januar bis Mai 2016 erfolgten 24 aufeinanderfolgende anatomische UVATS-Resektionen (UVATS-Gruppe) durch einen Chirurgen ohne vorherige Erfahrung in UVATS-Eingriffen. Diese Eingriffe wurden mit einer Kohorte aus 102 Patienten verglichen, die eine anatomische Resektion in „klassischer“ VATS-Technik (VATS-Gruppe) in den letzten 2 Jahren von demselben Chirurgen erhalten hatten. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels Propensity Score. Basierend auf einer initialen Analyse, wurde die UVATS-Gruppe weiterhin in 2 Subgruppen unterteilt, UVATS1 und UVATS2, die die ersten 12 und die letzten 12 Fälle beinhalteten.
Ergebnisse Bei keinem Patienten der UVATS-Gruppe war eine Konversion zur Thorakotomie noch ein zusätzlicher Zugang erforderlich. In der VATS-Gruppe war die durchschnittliche Operationsdauer kürzer als in der UVATS1-Subgruppe (MVATS = 152, MUVATS1 = 191; p = 0,019), jedoch nicht in der UVATS2-Subgruppe (MVATS = 152, MUVATS2 = 152; p = 1). Es gab keine Unterschiede in der Menge der angegangenen Lymphknotenstationen (MVATS = 7, MUVATS1 = 7, MUVATS2 = 7;p = 0,92), noch in der durchschnittlichen Anzahl dissezierter Lymphknoten (MVATS = 19, MUVATS1 = 15, MUVATS2 = 18;p = 0,659) oder der Anzahl und der Art postoperativer Komplikationen Unter Verwendung einer standardisierten Schmerzskala (AAS, Audio-Analog-Skala) zeigte sich, dass der Schmerzmittelbedarf insgesamt in der UVATS-Gruppe bis zur Entlassung niedriger war (p < 0,001).
Schlussfolgerung Die Einführung der uniportalen VATS bei anatomischen Eingriffen kann ohne negativen Einfluss auf den operativen Erfolg und klinischen Verlauf erfolgen, sofern diese von einem Chirurgen durchgeführt wird, der bereits auf dem Gebiet der VATS-Chirurgie hinreichend Erfahrungen gesammelt hat. Nach unserer Erfahrung waren weder zusätzliche Operationskurse, Proctor-Unterstützung noch eine Anpassung der chirurgischen Instrumente erforderlich, obwohl die oben erwähnten Optionen die Anpassung erleichtern können.