bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On a new class of elastic deformations not allowing for cavitation
Authors: Müller S. , Qi Tang , Yan B.S. 
Published: February 2017

Let

Ω ⊂ ℝ^n

be open and bounded and assume that

u:Ω → ℝ^n

satisfies

u\in W^{1,p}(Ω, ℝ^n)

,

\mathrm{adj} \mathrm{D}u \in L^q(Ω; ℝ^{n × n})

with

p≧ n − 1

,

q≧\frac{n}{n−1}

. We show that for

g\in C^1(ℝ^n; ℝ^n)

with bounded gradient, one has the identity

\frac{∂}{∂x^{j}}\left\{\left(g^{i} \circ u\right)\left(\mathrm{adj}\:\mathrm{D}u\right)_{i}^{j}\right\} = (\mathrm{div}\:g) \circ u \det \mathrm{D}u

in the sense of distributions. As an application, we obtain existence results in nonlinear elasticity under weakened coercivity conditions. We also use the above identity to generalize Šverák’s (
cf
. [Sv88]) regularity and invertibility results, replacing his hypothesis

q≧\frac{p}{p−1}

by

q≧\frac{n}{n−1}

. Finally if

q = \frac{n}{n−1}

and if

\det \mathrm{D}u ≧ 0

a.e., we show that

\det \mathrm{D}u \ln (2 + \det \mathrm{D}u)

is locally integrable.

Résumé

Soit

Ω ⊂ ℝ^n

un ouvert borné et soit

u:Ω → ℝ^n

une application dans

W^{1,p}(Ω, ℝ^n)

avec

\mathrm{adj} \mathrm{D}u \in L^q(Ω; ℝ^{n × n})

et

p≧ n − 1

,

q≧\frac{n}{n−1}

. On montre l’identité

\frac{∂}{∂x^{j}}\left\{\left(g^{i} \circ u\right)\left(\mathrm{adj}\:\mathrm{D}u\right)_{i}^{j}\right\} = (\mathrm{div}\:g) \circ u\det \mathrm{D}u

au sens de distributions si

g\in C^1(ℝ^n; ℝ^n)

avec gradient borné. Par conséquence on obtient des nouveaux résultats d’existence en élasticité non linéaire. On obtient aussi une généralization de résultats de Šverák sur la régularité et l’invertibilité en remplaçant l’hypothèse

q≧\frac{p}{p−1}

par

q≧\frac{n}{n−1}

. Finalement si

q = \frac{n}{n−1}

et

\det \mathrm{D}u ≧ 0

p.p. on montre que

\det \mathrm{D}u \ln (2 + \det \mathrm{D}u)

est localement intégrable.
Using reduced rank regression methods to identify dietary patterns associated with obesity: a cross-country study among European and Australian adolescents
Authors: Huybrechts Inge , Lioret Sandrine , Mouratidou Theodora , Gunter Marc J. , Manios Yannis , Kersting Mathilde , Gottrand Frederic , Kafatos Anthony , De Henauw Stefaan , Cuenca-García Magdalena , Widhalm Kurt , Gonzales-Gross Marcela , Molnar Denes , Moreno Luis A. , McNaughton Sarah A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study aims to examine repeatability of reduced rank regression (RRR) methods in calculating dietary patterns (DP) and cross-sectional associations with overweight (OW)/obesity across European and Australian samples of adolescents. Data from two cross-sectional surveys in Europe (2006/2007 Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study, including 1954 adolescents, 12–17 years) and Australia (2007 National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, including 1498 adolescents, 12–16 years) were used. Dietary intake was measured using two non-consecutive, 24-h recalls. RRR was used to identify DP using dietary energy density, fibre density and percentage of energy intake from fat as the intermediate variables. Associations between DP scores and body mass/fat were examined using multivariable linear and logistic regression as appropriate, stratified by sex. The first DP extracted (labelled ‘energy dense, high fat, low fibre’) explained 47 and 31 % of the response variation in Australian and European adolescents, respectively. It was similar for European and Australian adolescents and characterised by higher consumption of biscuits/cakes, chocolate/confectionery, crisps/savoury snacks, sugar-sweetened beverages, and lower consumption of yogurt, high-fibre bread, vegetables and fresh fruit. DP scores were inversely associated with BMI z-scores in Australian adolescent boys and borderline inverse in European adolescent boys (so as with %BF). Similarly, a lower likelihood for OW in boys was observed with higher DP scores in both surveys. No such relationships were observed in adolescent girls. In conclusion, the DP identified in this cross-country study was comparable for European and Australian adolescents, demonstrating robustness of the RRR method in calculating DP among populations. However, longitudinal designs are more relevant when studying diet–obesity associations, to prevent reverse causality.
The emergence of phonetic categories in Korean–English bilingual children
Authors: LEE SUE ANN S. , IVERSON GREGORY K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe present study examined the speech production of three-year-old Korean–English bilingual (KEB) children. English and Korean stops, as well as front vowels in both languages, were compared acoustically among the KEB children, then also measured against those of their age-equivalent monolingual counterparts. Evidence of distinctive phonetic categorization in bilingual children was more salient in vowels than in stops. Vowels and stops produced by the bilingual children were not significantly different from those of their monolingual counterparts. The findings suggest that, similar to other language domains, two linguistic systems are apparent in the phonetic production component of three-year-old KEB children, but that phonetic distinctiveness in production may not emerge holistically in an across-the-board fashion, appearing earlier in vowels than stops. Thus, the phonetic production systems of the two languages may develop with only limited interaction in simultaneous KEB children exposed to two languages at an early age.
Quantifying the contribution of asymptomatic infection to the cumulative incidence
Authors: CHAMPREDON D. , MOGHADAS S. M. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYMany infectious diseases in humans may manifest with no or mild symptoms. While numerous studies have estimated the proportion of infectious individuals in whom symptoms are absent during the entire course of infection, the contribution of asymptomatic cases to the overall cumulative incidence is difficult to untangle. Here, with a mathematical model, we provide a simple analytical formula to quantify this contribution and highlight the potential for large errors that can arise when naively estimating it.
Genetic diversity ofMycobacterium aviumcomplex strains isolated in Argentina by MIRU-VNTR
Authors: IMPERIALE B. R. , MOYANO R. D. , DI GIULIO A. B. , ROMERO M. A. , ALVARADO PINEDO M. F. , SANTANGELO M. P. , TRAVERÍA G. E. , MORCILLO N. S. , ROMANO M. I. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYMycobacterium aviumsp.avium(MAA),M. aviumsp.hominissuis(MAH), andM. aviumsp.paratuberculosis(MAP) are the main members of theM. aviumcomplex (MAC) causing diseases in several hosts. The aim of this study was to describe the genetic diversity of MAC isolated from different hosts. Twenty-six MAH and 61 MAP isolates were recovered from humans and cattle, respectively. GenoType CM®and IS1311-PCR were used to identifyMycobacteriumspecies. The IS901-PCR was used to differentiate between MAH and MAA, while IS900-PCR was used to identify MAP. Genotyping was performed using a mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) scheme (loci: 292, X3, 25, 47, 3, 7, 10, 32) and patterns (INMV) were assigned according to the MAC-INMV database (http://mac-inmv.tours.inra.fr/). Twenty-two (22/26, 84·6%) MAH isolates were genotyped and 16 were grouped into the following, INMV 92, INMV 121, INMV 97, INMV 103, INMV 50, and INMV 40. The loci X3 and 25 showed the largest diversity (D: 0·5844), and the global discriminatory index (Hunter and Gaston discriminatory index, HGDI) was 0·9300. MAP (100%) isolates were grouped into INMV 1, INMV 2, INMV 11, INMV 8, and INMV 5. The HGDI was 0·6984 and loci 292 and 7 had the largestD(0·6980 and 0·5050). MAH presented a higherDwhen compared with MAP. The MIRU-VNTR was a useful tool to describe the genetic diversity of both MAH and MAP as well as to identify six new MAH patterns that were conveniently reported to the MAC-INMV database. It was also demonstrated that, in the geographical region studied, human MAC cases were produced by MAH as there was no MAA found among the human clinical samples.
Assessing the Scale of Prehistoric Human Impact in the Neotropics Using Stable Carbon Isotope Analyses of Lake Sediments: A Test Case From Costa Rica
Authors: Lane Chad S. , Horn Sally P. , Taylor Zachary P. , Mora Claudia I. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAnalyses of pollen and other terrestrial microfossils in sediment profiles from neotropical lakes can complement and extend archaeological studies by documenting the timing of prehistoric human disturbances within watersheds. However, assessing the scale of prehistoric human impact from sedimentary microfossil assemblages alone is often difficult. We explore here the utility of combining stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analyses of lake sediments and isotopie mixing models to improve our ability to gauge the extent of prehistoric human disturbance recorded in sediment profiles. Our test case involves the analysis o f a sediment core from Laguna Bonillita on the central Caribbean slope of Costa Rica that spans approximately the last 2,700 calendar years. Variations in the δ13C values of the Laguna Bonillita sediments suggest that human population growth and environmental impacts in the watershed were at their maximum ~cal yr 300 B.C. This finding is in keeping with archaeological evidence of rapid regional population growth at this time but differs from initial interpretations of the sediment record that were based on pollen and charcoal analyses alone. We believe that the use of stable carbon isotope data from sediment profiles can improve estimates of the scale of prehistoric human impact and in doing so improve the contributions of paleoecological research to archaeology.
Lithic Industry in a Maya Center: An Axe Workshop at El Pilar, Belize
Authors: Whittaker John C. , Kamp Kathryn A. , Ford Anabel , Guerra Rafael , Brands Peter , Guerra Jose , McLean Kim , Woods Alex , Badillo Melissa , Thornton Jennifer , Eiley Zerifeh 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCahal Tok (Place of Flint) is a limestone rise with some structural evidence, associated with the previously designated LDF Chert Site, close to the ceremonial center of El Pilar. Excavations uncovered evidence that during the Late Classic period, specialized flintknappers produced bifaces, primarily chert axes, at the Cahol Tok locus, first on a cleared limestone shelf then on a prepared cobble platform. Small flakes remained in situ whereas much of the larger debris was deposited to the east off the edge of the platform and into the LDF debitage dump. The identification of a specialized manufacturing locale near the ceremonial precinct of a major center is unusual in Maya archaeology. Central control of an important industry may be implied, although knapping could equally well be organized more independently. We expect that small industrial areas are actually present at most large sites, but may often be difficult to recognize.
Clustering of 770,000 genomes reveals post-colonial population structure of North America
Authors: Han Eunjung , Carbonetto Peter , Curtis Ross E. , Wang Yong , Granka Julie M. , Byrnes Jake , Noto Keith , Kermany Amir R. , Myres Natalie M. , Barber Mathew J. , Rand Kristin A. , Song Shiya , Roman Theodore , Battat Erin , Elyashiv Eyal , Guturu Harendra , Hong Eurie L. , Chahine Kenneth G. , Ball Catherine A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDespite strides in characterizing human history from genetic polymorphism data, progress in identifying genetic signatures of recent demography has been limited. Here we identify very recent fine-scale population structure in North America from a network of over 500 million genetic (identity-by-descent, IBD) connections among 770,000 genotyped individuals of US origin. We detect densely connected clusters within the network and annotate these clusters using a database of over 20 million genealogical records. Recent population patterns captured by IBD clustering include immigrants such as Scandinavians and French Canadians; groups with continental admixture such as Puerto Ricans; settlers such as the Amish and Appalachians who experienced geographic or cultural isolation; and broad historical trends, including reduced north-south gene flow. Our results yield a detailed historical portrait of North America after European settlement and support substantial genetic heterogeneity in the United States beyond that uncovered by previous studies.
Gating of memory encoding of time-delayed cross-frequency MEG networks revealed by graph filtration based on persistent homology
Authors: Hahm Jarang , Lee Hyekyoung , Park Hyojin , Kang Eunjoo , Kim Yu Kyeong , Chung Chun Kee , Kang Hyejin , Lee Dong Soo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo explain gating of memory encoding, magnetoencephalography (MEG) was analyzed over multi-regional network of negative correlations between alpha band power during cue (cue-alpha) and gamma band power during item presentation (item-gamma) in Remember (R) and No-remember (NR) condition. Persistent homology with graph filtration on alpha-gamma correlation disclosed topological invariants to explain memory gating. Instruction compliance (R-hits minus NR-hits) was significantly related to negative coupling between the left superior occipital (cue-alpha) and the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyri (item-gamma) on permutation test, where the coupling was stronger in R than NR. In good memory performers (R-hits minus false alarm), the coupling was stronger in R than NR between the right posterior cingulate (cue-alpha) and the left fusiform gyri (item-gamma). Gating of memory encoding was dictated by inter-regional negative alpha-gamma coupling. Our graph filtration over MEG network revealed these inter-regional time-delayed cross-frequency connectivity serve gating of memory encoding.
Correlative Imaging of the Murine Hind Limb Vasculature and Muscle Tissue by MicroCT and Light Microscopy
Authors: Schaad Laura , Hlushchuk Ruslan , Barré Sébastien , Gianni-Barrera Roberto , Haberthür David , Banfi Andrea , Djonov Valentin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA detailed vascular visualization and adequate quantification is essential for the proper assessment of novel angiomodulating strategies. Here, we introduce an ex vivo micro-computed tomography (microCT)-based imaging approach for the 3D visualization of the entire vasculature down to the capillary level and rapid estimation of the vascular volume and vessel size distribution. After perfusion with μAngiofil®, a novel polymerizing contrast agent, low- and high-resolution scans (voxel side length: 2.58–0.66 μm) of the entire vasculature were acquired. Based on the microCT data, sites of interest were defined and samples further processed for correlative morphology. The solidified, autofluorescent μAngiofil® remained in the vasculature and allowed co-registering of the histological sections with the corresponding microCT-stack. The perfusion efficiency of μAngiofil® was validated based on lectin-stained histological sections: 98 ± 0.5% of the blood vessels were μAngiofil®-positive, whereas 93 ± 2.6% were lectin-positive. By applying this approach we analyzed the angiogenesis induced by the cell-based delivery of a controlled VEGF dose. Vascular density increased by 426% mainly through the augmentation of medium-sized vessels (20–40 μm). The introduced correlative and quantitative imaging approach is highly reproducible and allows a detailed 3D characterization of the vasculature and muscle tissue. Combined with histology, a broad range of complementary structural information can be obtained.
A sugarcane R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene is alternatively spliced during drought stress
Authors: Guo Jinlong , Ling Hui , Ma Jingjing , Chen Yun , Su Yachun , Lin Qingliang , Gao Shiwu , Wang Hengbo , Que Youxiong , Xu Liping 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMYB transcription factors of the R2R3-MYB family have been shown to play important roles in many plant processes. A sugarcane R2R3-MYB gene (ScMYB2) and its two alternative forms of transcript (ScMYB2S1 and ScMYB2S2) were identified in this study. The deduced protein of ScMYB2S1 is a typical plant R2R3-MYB protein, while ScMYB2S2 encodes a truncated protein. Real-time qPCR analysis revealed that ScMYB2S1 is suppressed under PEG-simulated drought stress in sugarcane, while ScMYB2S2 is induced at later treatment stage. A senescence symptom was observed when ScMYB2S1 was injected into tobacco leaves mediated by Agrobacterium, but no symptom for ScMYB2S2. Further investigation showed that the expression levels of 4 senescence-associated genes, NtPR-1a, NtNYC1, NtCAT3 and NtABRE, were markedly induced in tobacco leaves after ScMYB2S1-injection, while they were not sensitive to ScMYB2S2-injection. Moreover, MDA and proline were also investigated after injection. Similarly, MDA and proline levels were induced by ABA and ScMYB2S1, while inhibited by ScMYB2S2. We propose that ScMYB2, by alternatively splicing two transcripts (ScMYB2S1 and ScMYB2S2), is involved in an ABA-mediated leaf senescence signaling pathway and play positive role in respond to drought-induced senescence in sugarcane. The results of this study provide information for further research in sugarcane stress processes.
Pigment epithelium-derived factor attenuates myocardial fibrosis via inhibiting Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in rats with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhang Hao , Hui Hongliang , Li Zhimin , Pan Jiajun , Jiang Xia , Wei Tengteng , Cui Huazhu , Li Lei , Yuan Xulong , Sun Teng , Liu Zhiwei , Zhang Zhongming , Dong Hongyan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEndothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of interstitial and perivascular fibrosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is shown to be a new therapeutic target owing to its protective role in cardiovascular disease. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that PEDF is an endogenous inhibitor of EndMT and represented a novel mechanism for its protective effects against overactive cardiac fibrosis after AMI. Masson’s trichrome (MTC) staining and picrosirius red staining revealed decreased interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in rats overexpressing PEDF. The protective effect of PEDF against EndMT was confirmed by co-labeling of cells with the myofibroblast and endothelial cell markers. In the endothelial cells of microvessels in the ischemic myocardium, the inhibitory effect of PEDF against nuclear translocation of β-catenin was observed through confocal microscopic imaging. The correlation between antifibrotic effect of PEDF and inactivation of β-catenin was confirmed by co-transfecting cells with lentivirus carrying PEDF or PEDF RNAi and plasmids harboring β-catenin siRNA(r) or constitutive activation of mutant β-catenin. Taken together, these results establish a novel finding that PEDF could inhibit EndMT related cardiac fibrosis after AMI by a mechanism dependent on disruption of β-catenin activation and translocation.
In vivo remineralization of dentin using an agarose hydrogel biomimetic mineralization system
Authors: Han Min , Li Quan-Li , Cao Ying , Fang Hui , Xia Rong , Zhang Zhi-Hong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA novel agarose hydrogel biomimetic mineralization system loaded with calcium and phosphate was used to remineralize dentin and induce the oriented densely parallel packed HA layer on defective dentin surface in vivo in a rabbit model. Firstly, the enamel of the labial surface of rabbits’ incisor was removed and the dentin was exposed to oral environment. Secondly, the hydrogel biomimetic mineralization system was applied to the exposed dentin surface by using a custom tray. Finally, the teeth were extracted and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation test after a certain time of mineralization intervals. The regenerated tissue on the dentin surface was composed of highly organised HA crystals. Densely packed along the c axis, these newly precipitated HA crystals were perpendicular to the underlying dental surface with a tight bond. The demineralized dentin was remineralized and dentinal tubules were occluded by the grown HA crystals. The nanohardness and elastic modulus of the regenerated tissue were similar to natural dentin. The results indicated a potential clinical use for repairing dentin-exposed related diseases, such as erosion, wear, and dentin hypersensitivity.
Emergent Hyperbolic Network Geometry
Authors: Bianconi Ginestra , Rahmede Christoph 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA large variety of interacting complex systems are characterized by interactions occurring between more than two nodes. These systems are described by simplicial complexes. Simplicial complexes are formed by simplices (nodes, links, triangles, tetrahedra etc.) that have a natural geometric interpretation. As such simplicial complexes are widely used in quantum gravity approaches that involve a discretization of spacetime. Here, by extending our knowledge of growing complex networks to growing simplicial complexes we investigate the nature of the emergent geometry of complex networks and explore whether this geometry is hyperbolic. Specifically we show that an hyperbolic network geometry emerges spontaneously from models of growing simplicial complexes that are purely combinatorial. The statistical and geometrical properties of the growing simplicial complexes strongly depend on their dimensionality and display the major universal properties of real complex networks (scale-free degree distribution, small-world and communities) at the same time. Interestingly, when the network dynamics includes an heterogeneous fitness of the faces, the growing simplicial complex can undergo phase transitions that are reflected by relevant changes in the network geometry.
Attenuation of lymphocyte immune responses during Mycobacterium avium complex-induced lung disease due to increasing expression of programmed death-1 on lymphocytes
Authors: Shu Chin-Chung , Wang Jann-Yuan , Wu Ming-Fang , Wu Chen-Tu , Lai Hsin-Chih , Lee Li-Na , Chiang Bor-Luen , Yu Chong-Jen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMycobacterium avium complex-induced lung disease (MAC-LD) becomes important due to its increasing prevalence. Attenuated cellular immunity associated with programmed cell death (PD)–1 may play a pathophysiological role in MAC-LD but lacks of investigation. We enrolled 80 participants in this prospective study, including 50 with MAC-LD and 30 healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages were used for MAC antigen stimulation. Patients with MAC-LD had lower tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ responses compared to the healthy controls in PBMC stimulation assays with MAC bacilli. These responses improved after MAC treatment. The PD-1 and PD ligand expressions and apoptosis were higher in the lymphocytes of the patients with MAC-LD compared to the controls. Both PD-1 and apoptosis on T lymphocytes were significantly increased in the patients with MAC-LD, either by direct MAC stimulation or by MAC-primed macrophage activation. Partially blocking PD-1 and the PD ligand with antagonizing antibodies in the stimulation assay significantly increased the cytokine production of IFN-γ and decreased the apoptosis on T lymphocytes. In conclusion, the patients with MAC-LD have attenuated lymphocyte immunity, which might be associated with increasing activation of PD-1 and PD-1 ligand. Regulating such activation might improve the lymphocytic secretion of IFN-γ and reduce apoptosis.