bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air-quality implications of widespread adoption of cool roofs on ozone and particulate matter in southern California
Authors: Epstein Scott A. , Lee Sang-Mi , Katzenstein Aaron S. , Carreras-Sospedra Marc , Zhang Xinqiu , Farina Salvatore C. , Vahmani Pouya , Fine Philip M. , Ban-Weiss George 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The South Coast Air Basin of California, a region of 16.8 million people, is among the most polluted air basins in the United States. A multidecadal effort to attain federal air-quality standards has led to significant progress, but much more work remains. Are recently implemented statewide building efficiency standards on rooftops counterproductive to these goals? With comprehensive regional models and intensive development of model input parameters, our research has identified the air-quality consequences that are expected to result from these efficiency standards. The results can inform policies to mitigate some air-quality penalties, while preserving the benefits of building efficiency standards. This work also sheds light on potential future policies aimed at reducing urban heating from pavement surfaces.
Glycine receptor α3 and α2 subunits mediate tonic and exogenous agonist-induced currents in forebrain
Authors: McCracken Lindsay M. , Lowes Daniel C. , Salling Michael C. , Carreau-Vollmer Cyndel , Odean Naomi N. , Blednov Yuri A. , Betz Heinrich , Harris R. Adron , Harrison Neil L. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Neuronal inhibition in the CNS occurs via two mechanisms. Synaptic inhibition is transient and localized; extrasynaptic inhibition is continuous and diffuse. Glycine receptor (GlyR)-mediated synaptic inhibition in spinal cord was established decades ago; however, GlyR physiology in higher brain regions remains obscure. We show that functional GlyRs are expressed in forebrain structures and mediate tonic and exogenous glycine-induced currents. Unlike synaptic α1β GlyRs in the spinal cord, forebrain GlyRs are primarily composed of α2 or α3 subunits. We identified distinct roles for these subunits by showing that α3 subunits mediate tonic GlyR currents, whereas α2 subunits mediate exogenously activated GlyR currents. Our findings demonstrate mechanisms of neuronal modulation by glycine in the forebrain due to subunit-specific contributions of GlyRs.
Salate derivatives found in sunscreens block experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice
Authors: Wang Yanping , Marling Steven J. , Plum Lori A. , DeLuca Hector F. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that is difficult to manage and for which there is no cure. We have discovered that certain specific sunblock preparations can prevent the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely used animal model of MS. Salate esters in the sunblock preparations were found to be responsible for preventing EAE. Continued exploration of this finding may lead to new approaches to the management of symptoms of MS.
Effects of maternal investment, temperament, and cognition on guide dog success
Authors: Bray Emily E. , Sammel Mary D. , Cheney Dorothy L. , Serpell James A. , Seyfarth Robert M. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
A successful guide dog must navigate a complex world, avoid distractions, and respond adaptively to unpredictable events. What leads to success? We followed 98 puppies from birth to adulthood. Puppies were enrolled in a training program where only ∼70% achieved success as guide dogs. More intense mothering early in life was associated with program failure. In addition, mothers whose nursing style required greater effort by puppies produced more successful offspring. Among young adult dogs, poor problem-solving abilities, perseveration, and apparently greater anxiety when confronted with a novel object were also associated with program failure. Results mirror the results from rodents and humans, reaffirming the enduring effects on adult behavior of maternal style and individual differences in temperament and cognition.
Stress promotes generalization of older but not recent threat memories
Authors: Dunsmoor Joseph E. , Otto A. Ross , Phelps Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
A hallmark of anxiety disorders is the tendency to overgeneralize fear-related behaviors toward harmless stimuli or situations. But little is known about the factors contributing to overgeneralization. Here we investigated the role of acute stress and consolidation in promoting fear overgeneralization. Acute stress resulted in broad generalization of a conditioned fear memory, but only if stress occurred at least 24 h after memory formation. This finding shows that remote fear memories are more sensitive to the effects of stress than newly formed fear memories. Susceptibility to stress for old memories may be a contributing factor to overgeneralization in a host of anxiety and stress-related disorders.
Structural organization of the actin-spectrin–based membrane skeleton in dendrites and soma of neurons
Authors: Han Boran , Zhou Ruobo , Xia Chenglong , Zhuang Xiaowei 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Actin, spectrin, and associated molecules form a quasi-1D periodic membrane skeleton in neurons, which organizes membrane proteins in periodic distributions and provides mechanical stability for axons. Here, we provide detailed quantifications of this periodic structure in neurons and show that it develops substantially more slowly in dendrites than in axons. Moreover, we observed a 2D, polygonal lattice structure of these molecules in the somatodendritic compartment. The diverse structural organizations and different developmental courses of the membrane skeleton in different neuronal compartments suggest the membrane skeleton is differentially regulated across these neuronal compartments. The observation of the polygonal lattice structure in cells in addition to erythrocytes suggests a potentially general presence of this structure across diverse cell types.
CRISPR-Cas9 vectors for genome editing and host engineering in the baculovirus–insect cell system
Authors: Mabashi-Asazuma Hideaki , Jarvis Donald L. 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceCRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful site-specific genome-editing tool that has been used to genetically engineer many different systems. However, this tool has not yet been adopted for use in the baculovirus–insect cell system, which is an important recombinant protein production platform. Thus, we created new CRISPR-Cas9 vectors that can be used for genome editing in two relevant insect cell lines. This is significant because these tools will enable new efforts to enhance the capabilities and expand the utility of this important protein production platform.
Rho-associated kinase is a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma
Authors: Dyberg Cecilia , Fransson Susanne , Andonova Teodora , Sveinbjörnsson Baldur , Lännerholm-Palm Jessika , Olsen Thale K. , Forsberg David , Herlenius Eric , Martinsson Tommy , Brodin Bertha , Kogner Per , Johnsen John Inge , Wickström Malin 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Despite intensive therapy, the cure rate for children diagnosed with high-risk neuroblastoma is still below 50%, accentuating the need for more effective therapies. Recurrent somatic mutations are relatively infrequent in neuroblastoma. We show that approximately 30% of neuroblastoma contains mutations in genes regulating Rho/Rac signaling. The mutations may be associated with activation of downstream Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs). High ROCK2 expression is associated with poor patient survival. Inhibition of ROCK activity suppresses the growth of neuroblastoma in preclinical in vivo models. ROCK inhibitors induce differentiation of neuroblastoma cells partly by glycogen synthase kinase 3β-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of MYCN proteins. These findings suggest that inhibitors of ROCK may represent a therapeutic opportunity for children with high-risk neuroblastoma.
PIF3 is a negative regulator of theCBFpathway and freezing tolerance inArabidopsis
Authors: Jiang Bochen , Shi Yiting , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xin Xiaoyun , Qi Lijuan , Guo Hongwei , Li Jigang , Yang Shuhua 
Published: August 2017

SignificancePHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) are central integrators of plants’ responses to various environmental signals. In this study, we show that PIF3 acts as a negative regulator of plant cold acclimation by directly repressing the expression ofCBFgenes, whereas its protein stability is negatively regulated by two F-box proteins, EBF1 and EBF2, via the 26S proteasome pathway. Moreover, EBF1 and EBF2 are degraded under cold stress, which enhances the stability of PIF3 protein. Collectively, our study establishes an important regulatory paradigm for PIF3 in preventing runaway expression of theCBFgenes at low temperature, which allows plants to adapt to and withstand harsh environments.
Stabilization of ammonia-rich hydrate inside icy planets
Authors: Naden Robinson Victor , Wang Yanchao , Ma Yanming , Hermann Andreas 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The mantles of icy planets comprise large amounts of water, ammonia, and methane ices. To understand their interior structure, it is crucial to study these ices at the extreme pressure conditions they likely experience. Hitherto, such studies have mostly been restricted to individual ices and not considered formation of stable mixtures. We survey here mixtures of water and ammonia and show that high pressures stabilize ammonia hemihydrate, through a transformation from a molecular crystal into a fully ionic solid that involves complete deprotonation of water. We suggest that ammonia-rich hydrates can precipitate out of any ammonia–water mixture at sufficient pressures and are an important component inside icy planets.
Hippocampal maturity promotes memory distinctiveness in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Keresztes Attila , Bender Andrew R. , Bodammer Nils C. , Lindenberger Ulman , Shing Yee Lee , Werkle-Bergner Markus 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceChildren tend to extract schematic knowledge at the expense of learning and recollecting specific events. Our findings allow us to speculate that the heterogeneous development of subregions within the hippocampus—a brain region crucial for laying down novel memories—contributes to this developmental lag in memory. Specifically, we used in vivo high-resolution structural MRI and memory tests in a large sample of children aged 6–14 years and young adults to characterize hippocampal development. We show that hippocampal maturity as expressed in the multivariate pattern of age-related differences in hippocampal subregions is specifically related to the ability to lay down highly specific memories.
Swimming and Recovery Abilities of Juvenile Chinese Sturgeon Acipenser sinensis
Authors: Fang Min , Cai Lu , Gao Yong , He Da , Johnson David , Huang Yingping 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBreeding populations of the Chinese Sturgeon Acipenser sinensis are endemic to the Yangtze River in China, but other wild populations have been extirpated, and the species is critically endangered. The swimming performance of juvenile Chinese Sturgeon was tested in a flume‐type respirometer using a three‐phase test: a constant velocity endurance test, followed by a 30‐min recovery period, and then a stepped velocity test to determine the critical swimming speed (Ucrit). Swimming endurance (at 19 ± 1°C) was tested at five constant speeds: 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 body lengths per second (BL/s) (groups 1–5). A control group (group 0) was used to determine Ucrit for fish that had not been subjected to the endurance test. The Ucrit of the control group (U′) was 4.32 ± 0.30 BL/s (mean ± SE) and after fish had completed the endurance test the Ucrit ranged from 2.88 ± 0.15 BL/s in group 1 to 3.64 ± 0.28 BL/s in group 5, with corresponding recovery ratios (Ucrit/U′) of 66.7 ± 3.4% and 84.3 ± 6.4%. Endurance time decreases with swimming speed, so these results indicate that fatigue resulting from swimming at low speed for a longer time requires more recovery time than does fatigue resulting from swimming at high speed for a shorter time. The relationship between swimming speed (U; BL/s) and endurance time (te; min) is described by logte = 3.90 – 0.64U (r2 = 0.769, P < 0.05).
Long-Term Survivorship Following Stereotactic Radiosurgery Alone for Brain Metastases: Risk of Intracranial Failure and Implications for Surveillance and Counseling
Authors: Gogineni Emile , Vargo John A , Glaser Scott M , Flickinger John C , Burton Steven A , Engh Johnathan A , Amankulor Nduka M , Beriwal Sushil , Quinn Anette E , Ozhasoglu Cihat , Heron Dwight E 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Historically, survival for even highly select cohorts of brain metastasis patients selected for SRS alone is <2 yr; thus, limited literature on risks of recurrence exists beyond 2 yr.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the possibility that for subsets of patients the risk of intracranial failure beyond 2 yr is less than the commonly quoted 50% to 60%, wherein less frequent screening may be appropriate.

METHODS
As a part of our institutional radiosurgery database, we identified 132 patients treated initially with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone (± pre-SRS surgical resection) with at least 2 yr of survival and follow-up from SRS. Primary study endpoints were rates of actuarial intracranial progression beyond 2 yr, calculated using the Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods.

RESULTS
The median follow-up from the first course of SRS was 3.5 yr. Significant predictors of intracranial failure beyond 2 yr included intracranial failure before 2 yr (52% vs 25%, P < .01) and total SRS tumor volume ≥5 cc (51% vs 25%, P < .01). On parsimonious multivariate analysis, failure before 2 yr (HR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2-4.3, P = .01) and total SRS tumor volume ≥5 cc (HR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.3, P = .01) remained significant predictors of intracranial relapse beyond 2 yr.

CONCLUSION
Relapse rates beyond 2 yr following SRS alone for brain metastases are low in patients who do not suffer intracranial relapse within the first 2 yr and with low-volume brain metastases, supporting a practice of less frequent screening beyond 2 yr. For remaining patients, frequent (every 3-4 mo) screening remains prudent, as the risk of intracranial failure after 2 yr remains high.
Strategies for Supporting Physician–Scientists in Faculty Roles: A Narrative Review With Key Informant Consultations
Authors: Lingard Lorelei , Zhang Peter , Strong Michael , Steele Margaret , Yoo John , Lewis James 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Physician–scientists are a population in decline globally. Solutions to reverse this decline often have focused on the training pipeline. Less attention has been paid to reducing attrition post training, when physician–scientists take up faculty roles. However, this period is a known time of vulnerability because of the pressures of clinical duties and the long timeline to securing independent research funding. This narrative review explored existing knowledge regarding how best to support physician–scientists for success in their faculty roles.

Method
The authors searched the Medline, Embase, ERIC, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published from 2000 to 2016 on this topic and interviewed key informants in 2015 to solicit their input on the review results.

Results
The authors reviewed 78 articles and interviewed 16 key informants. From the literature, they developed a framework of organizational (facilitate mentorship, foster community, value the physician–scientist role, minimize financial barriers) and individual (develop professional and research skills) strategies for supporting physician–scientists. They also outlined key knowledge gaps representing topics either rarely or never addressed in the reviewed articles (percent research time, structural hypocrisy, objective assessment, group metrics, professional identity). The key informants confirmed the identified strategies and discussed how the gaps were particularly important and impactful.

Conclusions
This framework offers a basis for assessing an organization’s existing support strategies, identifying outstanding needs, and developing targeted programming. The identified gaps require attention, as they threaten to undermine the benefits of existing support strategies.
Sleep Disorder Diagnosis During Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Birth
Authors: Felder Jennifer N. , Baer Rebecca J. , Rand Larry , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L. , Prather Aric A. 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To test the hypothesis that sleep disorder diagnosis would be associated with increased risk of preterm birth and to examine risk by gestational age, preterm birth type, and specific sleep disorder (insomnia, sleep apnea, movement disorder, and other).

METHODS:
In this observational study, participants were from a cohort of nearly 3 million women in California between 2007 and 2012. Inclusion criteria were women with singleton neonates liveborn between 20 and 44 weeks of gestation without chromosomal abnormalities or major structural birth defects linked to a hospital discharge database maintained by the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development and without mental illness during pregnancy. Sleep disorder was defined based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnostic code (n=2,265). Propensity score matching was used to select a referent population at a one-to-one ratio. Odds of preterm birth were examined by gestational age (less than 34 weeks, 34–36 weeks, and less than 37 weeks of gestation) and type (spontaneous, indicated).

RESULTS:
Prevalence of preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation) was 10.9% in the referent group compared with 14.6% among women with a recorded sleep disorder diagnosis. Compared with the referent group, odds (95% CI, P value, percentage) of preterm birth were 1.3 (1.0–1.7, P=.023, 14.1%) for insomnia and 1.5 (1.2–1.8, P<.001, 15.5%) for sleep apnea. Risk varied by gestational age and preterm birth type. Odds of preterm birth were not significantly increased for sleep-related movement disorders or other sleep disorders.

CONCLUSION:
Insomnia and sleep apnea were associated with significantly increased risk of preterm birth. Considering the high prevalence of sleep disorders during pregnancy and availability of evidence-based nonpharmacologic interventions, current findings suggest that screening for severe presentations would be prudent.
Long-term Follow-up After Endometrial Ablation in Finland
Authors: Soini Tuuli , Rantanen Matti , Paavonen Jorma , Grénman Seija , Mäenpää Johanna , Pukkala Eero , Gissler Mika , Hurskainen Ritva 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To study the risk of endometrial cancer and breast cancer and the hysterectomy rate after endometrial ablation.

METHODS:
In this retrospective cohort study, records of all women with endometrial ablation at ages 30–49 years in Finland (1997–2014) were extracted from the Hospital Discharge Register and linked to the Cancer Registry and Finnish Central Population Register. The primary outcome was cancer incidences in the endometrial ablation cohort compared with those in the background population of the same age. Secondarily, the postablation hysterectomy rate was compared with that of a control cohort of similar-aged women extracted from the Finnish Central Population Register. Multivariate regression models with adjustment for age, parity, number of cesarean deliveries, history of sterilization, and the duration of follow-up were evaluated as risk factors for postablation hysterectomy.

RESULTS:
In total, 154 cancers (standardized incidence ratio [observed-to-expected ratio] 0.96, 95% CI 0.82–1.13) were diagnosed among 5,484 women treated with endometrial ablation during the follow-up of 39,892 women-years. The standardized incidence ratio for endometrial cancer was 0.56 (95% CI 0.12–1.64) and for breast cancer 0.86 (95% CI 0.67–1.09). A total of 1,086 (19.8%) women had postablation hysterectomy. Risk of hysterectomy was almost fourfold in the endometrial ablation cohort compared with 26,938 women in a control group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.63, 95% CI 3.32–3.96). Factors predisposing to postablation hysterectomy were leiomyomas (adjusted HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.03–3.10), age younger than 35 years (adjusted HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.15–1.81), at least two prior cesarean deliveries (adjusted HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04–1.55), and history of sterilization (adjusted HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01–1.32).

CONCLUSION:
Endometrial ablation was not associated with an elevated endometrial cancer or breast cancer risk in Finland. Leiomyomas, young age, and history of prior cesarean deliveries or sterilization were associated with an increased risk of postablation hysterectomy.
Neonatal Outcomes of Low-Risk, Late-Preterm Twins Compared With Late-Preterm Singletons
Authors: Salem Shimrit Yaniv , Kibel Mia , Asztalos Elizabeth , Zaltz Arthur , Barrett Jon , Melamed Nir 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To test the hypothesis that the risk of neonatal morbidity among late-preterm twins is similar to that of late-preterm singletons.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all women with twin or singleton pregnancy who gave birth during the late-preterm period in a single tertiary center between 2008 and 2015. Neonatal outcomes of low-risk, late-preterm twins were compared with those of low-risk, late-preterm singletons. The primary outcome was the same primary composite respiratory morbidity variable that was used in the randomized controlled trial of Gyamfi-Bannerman et al on the administration of antenatal corticosteroids during the late-preterm period.

RESULTS:
A total of 922 singleton and 721 twin late-preterm neonates met the inclusion criteria. The rates of composite respiratory morbidity and severe composite respiratory morbidity were similar for twins and singletons (8.3% compared with 7.4%, P=.5 and 6.8% compared with 6.0%, P=.5, respectively), but were lower than the rates of the same composite respiratory morbidity variable in the randomized controlled study described previously. The odds for respiratory morbidity were similar for twins and singletons for both composite respiratory morbidity (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.73, 95% CI 0.48–1.12) and severe composite respiratory morbidity (adjusted OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.50–1.24).

CONCLUSION:
The risk of respiratory morbidity among late-preterm twins is similar to that of late-preterm singletons. Still, the low absolute rates of the composite respiratory morbidity in our population suggest that administration of antenatal corticosteroids may be mostly justified among neonates born closer to 34 weeks of gestation.