bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Corporate Philanthropy to Creating Shared Value: Big Pharma’s New Business Models in Developing Markets
Authors: Smith N. Craig 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Some big companies have discovered opportunities to bolster their bottom line in emerging and developing markets by creating social value at the same time as generating economic returns. In the pharma industry some have taken the lead in using this concept of shared value to innovate and grow their business, especially in developing markets.
Eli Lilly launched the NCD partnership to combat diabetes in underserved areas around the globe. The partnership improves awareness of the disease and access to treatment and drugs, among other things. But the initiative is also intended to help its emerging-markets business units meet ambitious growth targets.
Novartis has established the Social Business Group, a unit within the parent company to develop the initiative Arogya Parivar, dedicated to getting much-needed medicines to some of India’s most remote villages. Its impact translates to providing 42 million people with improved access to healthcare across an estimated 33,000 villages, according to Novartis. It has surpassed company expectations by breaking even in its 31st month of operations.
Both cases offer valuable insight into challenges that companies aiming for shared value need to overcome.
Motives for Remittances Change During the Financial Crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Oruč Nermin , Tabakovič Amina 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), a country that relies on a significant amount of remittance inflows, has experienced a drop in these inflows as a consequence of the global economic crisis. This paper aims to analyse whether and how this decrease is related to a change in motives for sending remittances. The change in motives will be analysed by exploring the interaction between social transfers and remittances using two household datasets, from 2007 (before the crisis) and 2011 (during the crisis), respectively. The analysis is based on the estimation of two model specifications, one that controls for the motives’ non-monotonicity and another that does not. Compared to previous studies, this paper estimates the non-monotonic ‘crowding-out’ effect via an innovative empirical model specification. Its findings suggest that the predominant motive for sending remittances to BiH before the crisis was exchange, while during the crisis the senders of remittances were more altruistic. In addition, the results from the model on non-monotonicity of motives support the hypothesis that as a consequence of the economic crisis, transfer motives are changing in ways that are different for poor and non-poor recipients of remittances.
Nonlocal Symmetry and its Applications in Perturbed mKdV Equation
Authors: Ren Bo , Lin Ji 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Based on the modified direct method, the variable-coefficient perturbed mKdV equation is changed to the constant-coefficient perturbed mKdV equation. The truncated Painlevé method is applied to obtain the nonlocal symmetry of the constant-coefficient perturbed mKdV equation. By introducing one new dependent variable, the nonlocal symmetry can be localized to the Lie point symmetry. Thanks to the localization procedure, the finite symmetry transformation is presented by solving the initial value problem of the prolonged systems. Furthermore, many explicit interaction solutions among different types of solutions such as solitary waves, rational solutions, and Painlevé II solutions are obtained using the symmetry reduction method to the enlarged systems. Two special concrete soliton-cnoidal interaction solutions are studied in both analytical and graphical ways.
The role of anti-phospholipid antibodies in autoimmune reproductive failure
Authors: Pantham Priyadarshini , Abrahams Vikki M , Chamley Lawrence W 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAnti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) are autoantibodies that are associated with thrombosis and a range of pregnancy complications including recurrent pregnancy loss and pre-eclampsia. The three clinically relevant, well-characterized aPL are anti-cardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant and anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) antibodies. aPL do not bind directly to phospholipids but instead bind to a plasma-binding ‘cofactor’. The most extensively studied cofactor is β2GPI, whose role in pregnancy is not fully elucidated. Although the pathogenicity of aPL in recurrent pregnancy loss is well established in humans and animal models, the association of aPL with infertility does not appear to be causative. aPL may exert their detrimental effects during pregnancy by directly binding trophoblast cells of the placenta, altering trophoblast signalling, proliferation, invasion and secretion of hormones and cytokines, and by increasing apoptosis. Heparin is commonly used to treat pregnant women with aPL; however, as thrombotic events do not occur in the placentae of all women with aPL, it may exert a protective effect by preventing the binding of aPL to β2GPI or by acting through non-thrombotic pathways. The aim of this review is to present evidence summarizing the current understanding of this field.
Asymptotic Information Measures Discrimination of Non-Stationary Time Series Based on Wavelet Domain
Authors: Mansouri Behzad , Chinipa Rahim 
Published: April 2016

<p>This article is concerned with the problem of discrimination between two classes of locally stationary time series based on minimum discrimination information. We view the observed signals as realizations of Gaussian locally stationary wavelet (LSW) processes. The asymptotic Kullback - Leibler discrimination information and Chernoff discrimination information are developed as discriminant criteria for LSW processes. The simulation study showed that our procedure performs as well as other procedures and in some cases better than some other classification methods. Applications to classifying real data show the usefulness of our discriminant criteria.</p>
DISEÑO DE PÉPTIDOS BASADO EN LA SECUENCIA ANÁLOGA AL REPRESOR NEGATIVO icaR DE Staphylococcus sp.
Authors: Pinilla Gladys , Muñoz Liliana C. , Salazar Luz M. , Navarrete Jeannette , Guevara Alexander 
Published: April 2016

<p>La biopelícula como un mecanismo de virulencia en Staphylococcus involucrada en infecciones intrahospitalarias es regulada por un represor negativo, responsable de la transcripción completa del operón. La búsqueda de dominios funcionales por modulación computacional de permitió hallar las secuencias peptídicas con actividad biológica análoga a la proteína <em>ica</em>R. Mediante biología computacional se diseñaron péptidos empleando el programa de predicción AntiBP (http: //www. imtech.res.in/ raghava/antibp/); la síntesis química se hizo por N<sup>α</sup>-Fmoc y se caracterizaron y purificaron tres moléculas por RP-HPLC y MALDI-TOF. Se evaluó su seguridad biológica mediante ensayo de actividad citotóxica realizada sobre macrófagos murinos de la línea J774 y la actividad hemolítica se determinó mediante el uso de glóbulos rojos. Los tres péptidos caracterizados IR1, IR2 e IR3, presentaron estructura secundaria predominantemente alfa helicoidal, alto grado de pureza y alto score antimicrobiano; además, mostraron baja toxicidad, evidenciada por la actividad citotóxica y hemolítica en las concentraciones ensayadas y en comparación con los controles usados, que permitiría su potencial uso como moléculas candidatas o principios activos con actividad análoga al represor nativo, frente a la biopelícula de los Staphylococcus.</p>
PROPIEDADES VISCOSIMÉTRICAS DE LA DL-ALANINA EN SOLUCIONES ACUOSAS DE TRIFLUOROMETANOSULFONATO DE 1-BUTIL-3-METIL IMIDAZOLIO A DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS
Authors: Páez Manuel S. , Garcia Juan D. , Vergara María K. 
Published: April 2016

<p>Se determinaron los tiempos de flujo de la DL-alanina en soluciones acuosas del líquido iónico trifluorometanosulfonato de 1-Butil-3-metil imidazolio (0,1000-1,0000 mol/Kg) usando un viscosímetro Anton Paar<sup>®</sup> modelo AMVn a temperaturas de 283,15; 288,15; 293,15; 298,15; 303,15; 308,1; 313,15 y 318,15 K y 0,10 MPa. A partir de los datos obtenidos se calcularon las viscosidades absolutas, los coeficientes <em>B</em> de viscosidad, la pendiente y los parámetros de activación del flujo viscoso del estado de dilución infinita. Los valores obtenidos para estos parámetros fueron discutidos en términos de las interacciones presentes en solución.</p>
Administration of early post-partum oral drench in dairy cows: effect on metabolic profile
Authors: Schallenberger Gonçalves Rodrigo , Cardoso Felipe , De Souza Guagnini Fábio , Reyes Castañeda Leidy Johanna , Gonzalez Félix 
Published: April 2016

<p>Some prophylactic treatments have been proposed in high-yielding dairy cattle in order to minimize the effects of negative energy balance and some disturbances such as hypocalcaemia and ketosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two doses of Drench within 24 h after calving on the metabolic profile and prevention of ketosis. A total of 48 cows from a herd in Rio Grande do Sul state (southern Brazil) was used in the study. The animals were randomly selected and treated orally with Drench (N= 32, propylene glycol, electrolytes and choline in 40 L of water) and water (N= 16) used as control. Blood samples were collected by blood coccygeal venipuncture through a vacutainer plain system tubes. Biochemical determinations were performed in serum (albumin, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids -NEFA-, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, aspartate transaminase -AST- and gammaglutamyl-transferase -GGT-) and a cow-side determination of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was performed using the Abbot blood Precision Xtra system. All cows in the experiment had their milk production controlled. The Drench treatment produces a tendency to a better milk yield (32.5 vs 29.6 L/cow/day) and helps to prevent subclinical ketosis, as indicated by a lesser prevalence of subclinical ketosis (29.7 vs 37.2%) and mean values of BHB (1.19 vs 1.27 mmol/L) as well as a lesser lipolysis as indicated by NEFA values (509 vs 1.560 µmol/L). The other components of the metabolic profile did not have substantial effects between treatments. In short, on the conditions of the present work, the Drench treatment is an effective management tool for prevention of subclinical ketosis and severe lipolysis.</p>
Influence of cryogenic treatment on room and low temperature tensile behavior of as-cast Mg–10Gd–3Y–0.5Zr magnesium alloy
Authors: Chen Xiangjun , Liu Wencai , Wu Guohua , Nodooshan H.R. Jafari , Zhang Xuefeng , Zhang Song , Zhou Kehua , Ding Wenjiang 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Teacher Support and Student’s Self-efficacy Beliefs
Authors: Mitchell Sid , DellaMattera Julie 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The present study investigated the role of teacher support and its influence on middle school student’s self-efficacy beliefs. A statewide survey of 9,702 urban and rural middle school students found that teacher support declined across the middle school years and that this had negative effects on student self-efficacy beliefs. The data do show that girls received more support than did boys and that girls also had generally higher self-efficacy beliefs than did boys. Overall, the results show that middle school teachers can do more in fostering self-efficacy, particularly in boys, and maintaining support throughout a student’s middle school experience. The present study of student’s perceptions of teacher support over the middle school years is an important step in our ability to understand the complex ways in which teachers influence student’s self-efficacy beliefs.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE A ADOÇÃO DAS PRÁTICAS DA GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA E A ALAVANCAGEM FINANCEIRA DAS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS DO SETOR ENERGÉTICO NO ANO DE 2008
Authors: Silva Junior Reinilson Rodrigues da , Junqueira Luis Renato , Bertucci Luiz Alberto 
Published: April 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar se a adoção às práticas de Governança Corporativa, por parte de empresas brasileiras do setor elétrico, influencia na sua alavancagem financeira. Foram incluídos também no modelo os fatores tamanho e rentabilidade, para isolar o efeito destes no endividamento das empresas. Foram avaliadas 51 empresas do setor elétrico, no ano de 2008. A análise foi realizada a partir do método estatístico de regressão linear múltipla, utilizando o teste t para validar os coeficientes encontrados. Os resultados demonstraram que a adesão às práticas de Governança Corporativa diminui o nível de alavancagem, sendo que a variável se apresentou estatisticamente significativa. A hipótese levantada é que a Governança Corporativa eleva o valor das ações das empresas, incentivando o uso de capital próprio. Já as variáveis tamanho e rentabilidade confirmaram as teorias, apresentando relações positiva e negativa respectivamente. Entretanto, estes dois fatores não se apresentaram estatisticamente significativos.
ASSISTENCIALISMO E EMPREENDIMENTOS POPULARES DE TRABALHO: RELAÇÕES NECESSÁRIAS PARA A ERRADICAÇÃO DA POBREZA?
Authors: Ferraz Deise Luiza Da Silva , Mueller Rafael Rodrigo 
Published: April 2016

Trabalhadores da superpopulação estagnada buscam em empreendimentos populares de trabalho formas de amenizar o processo de pauperização em que se encontram, bem como também objetivam superar a condição de público de ações assistencialistas. Contudo, na efetivação das experiências fomentadas por políticas públicas, observa-se que o trabalho efetivamente não liberta esta população do assistencialismo. Assim, o objetivo deste texto é analisar a situação paradoxal dos envolvidos nessas experiências, defendendo o argumento de que, sob uma análise acurada, o paradoxo se dissolve. A concomitância entre o esforço laborativo dos considerados carentes e o assistencialismo decorre, na verdade, do movimento de acumulação do capital e de sua manifestação particular na disputa pela aplicação do fundo público em países cujo desenvolvimento econômico passa pela superexploração da força de trabalho. A experiência dos catadores de materiais recicláveis organizados em associações na região de Curitiba no estado do Paraná e a prática dos trabalhadores desempregados organizados em um movimento social no estado do Rio Grande do Sul constituem o objeto empírico da análise realizada. A observação sistemática e a participante permitiram o acesso a dados que, ao serem analisados, demonstraram os limites das políticas públicas de geração de trabalho e renda que têm como público alvo a superpopulação consolidada. Os resultados indicam que, nos termos em que está sendo posto pelas políticas públicas, essa população demanda a permanência do assistencialismo, e por consequência, dos desdobramentos dessa necessária relação, corroborando o argumento central do texto.
Além dos resultados puramente econômicos: um estudo multicaso com empreendedores da região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
Authors: Borges Diego Echevenguá , Nishi Juliana Mayumi , Lobler Mauri Leodir , Scherer Flavia Luciane 
Published: April 2016

A preocupação com a degradação ambiental assumiu um caráter permanente na sociedade civil, obrigando o setor privado e o poder público a repensar a maneira como atuam na atual conjuntura global. Isto posto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar quais fatores influenciam os indivíduos a reconhecer oportunidades econômicas inerentes ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Para tanto, foram analisadas, conforme o modelo de Patzelt e Shepherd (2011) sobre o reconhecimento de oportunidades para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, duas empresas nos ramos de automação residencial e consultoria agronômica. Dentre os resultados, notou-se que as duas organizações, gerenciadas por jovens da Geração Y, foram influenciados pela universidade e pela sociedade para a consolidação de um novo empreendimento. Ainda, motivadas ou não pelos sentimentos de altruísmo, empatia e simpatia, ambas as empresas colaboram indiretamente para o desenvolvimento sustentável ambiental e social.
Quantifying Sediment Provenance Using Multiple Composite Fingerprints in a Small Watershed in Oklahoma
Authors: Zhang X. C. (John) , Liu B. L. , Liu B. , Zhang G. H. 
Published: April 2016

Quantitative information on sediment provenance is needed for improved calibration and validation of process‐based soil erosion models. However, sediment source data are often limited due to difficulties in directly measuring source contributions at a watershed scale. Our objectives in this study were to estimate sediment source contributions in a 15‐km2 watershed using analytical solutions to a three end‐member mixing model using multiple composite fingerprints and to compare the results with those estimated with a single radionuclide, 137Cs. Surface soil samples were collected from 23 croplands, 19 rangelands, and 26 gully banks in the watershed, and 31 geochemical elements were analyzed for each sample. The elements served as tracers and were screened using statistical tests and range checks. The mean concentrations of all the nonconflict tracer pairs were used in the mixing model to calculate source contributions for the three sources. Results showed that although source contributions were strongly influenced by topography and land use, gully or subsoil erosion was found to be the main source of fine sediment in most subwatersheds. This study demonstrates that estimated source contributions may vary substantially among different composite fingerprints and that the use of multiple composite fingerprints greatly improves accuracy while reducing uncertainty. The source contributions estimated using multiple composite fingerprints agreed well with those estimated with 137Cs, with a correlation coefficient of 0.69 for gully contributions. This good agreement increases our confidence in using the multiple composite fingerprint method to identify sediment provenance in relatively small watersheds.Core Ideas
Sediment source contributions were estimated using multiple composite fingerprints.
Contributions from analytical solutions were compared with estimates using 137Cs.
Source contributions varied substantially among different composite fingerprints.
Multiple fingerprints greatly improved accuracy/certainty to identify sediment provenance.
Analysis of Society Conditions/Reality During Chinese Feudal Era in the Novel Liaozhai Zhiyi
Authors: Chongjie Chen , Yoan Yoan , Kelly Kelly 
Published: April 2016

Liaozhai Zhiyi is a compilation of short stories created by the Qing Dynasty novelist, Pu Songling. The main concept is not centered on regular ghost stories, but the author told a story on real life and the fantasy world by describing realities of society life in the feudal era. The author, through stories in Liaozhai Zhiyi, analyses social reality in their education, politics, love, economic and moral aspects. The author of Liaozhai Zhiyi uses of a lot of stories concerning fox spirits, ghosts, and other types of spirits in portraying his critics and anger towards incidents happening in feudal China. Analysis shows that Liaozhai Zhiyi broadly depicts social reality happening in feudal era in education, politics, love, economic and moral aspects. Liaozhai Zhiyi also criticizes the corrupt government official examination scheme, and the crime and decadence of the feudal government. In contrast, the stories also praised the freedom of young men and women seeking love in marriage, endorsing young men and women to reject arranged marriages, showing women in the economic independence and social advancement, and summed up the lessons of social life.
Errors In English Ads And Fallacious Trends Of Job Advertisements In Jakarta
Authors: Simatupang Masda Surti , Galingling Yusniaty 
Published: April 2016

Article investigated the errors found in job advertisements from Kompas newspapers and the fallacious trends. The methodology used in this paper was descriptive qualitative. Data were gathered randomly from job advertisements from Kompas in 2008. The data were analyzed through the following steps: first, the data were gathered and classified into errors from L1 interference, and errors from lack of grammatical knowledge. After causes of errors were explained, then the fallacious trends were described. Data showed the inconsistency of translating Job’s titles because of L1 interference. Errors due to lack of grammatical knowledge were classified into four categories of omission, addition, and substitution. From 44 data of omission and addition, the inflection (ending –s and -ed) mostly occured. There were 24 cases found from the errors of substitution regarding the class words, preposition, and agreement. Fallacious trends that Job’s ads written in English that were free from errors proved to be contrary to the fact.
Efektifitas Mind Mapping Dalam Pembelajaran Kosakata Bahasa Jepang Pada Pemelajar Tingkat Dasar
Authors: Ningrum Rosita 
Published: April 2016

Article clarified the research entitled 「「初級学習者における日本語の語彙学習においてのマイ ンド・マッピングの効果」which were translated as "The Effectiveness of Mind Mapping In JapaneseVocabulary Learning for A Basic Level Learners". In previous studies, mind mapping was tested on reading skill, but for this research it was focused on vocabulary with the assumption that the language learners usually got difficulties in learning both languages. Technique of mind mapping was tested on a two-semester student to find out the effectiveness of its techniques in learning Japanese vocabulary. This research used experimental methods. This design involved two groups of subjects. One group, as experimental group, was given the mind mapping learning technique, and the other group (the control group) was treated with the conventional learning techniques. Data were taken in two ways, the quantitative method was using instrument in the forms of pre test and post test on both sample class. The qualitative method applied interview to complete the descriptive data analysis. Then, the pre test and post test data were analyzed by measuring the normality of data and test-t to know to what extent the effectiveness of mind mapping techniques was successfully applied to the sample. To strengthen those results, the outcomes of interview was transcribed to see the sample’s responses in line with mind mapping techniques to the study of Japanese vocabulary. The research result indicates that mind mapping technique is proven more effective in learning Japanese vocabulary compared to the conventional way.
The Use Of Authentic Materials In Improving Learners’ Understanding In Using Grammar: A Case Study At Pamulang University And Binus University
Authors: Anwar Djasminar , Winiharti Menik 
Published: April 2016

This study discusses the use of authentic materials for non-English Department Students at Pamulang University, Tangerang, and BINUS University, Jakarta. Both universities have classes of English III which uses published materials and TOEFL course books. Authentic materials are provided to support the materials in the compulsory textbook. It is done to encourage students to more understand the grammar. The approach used in this study involves a pre-test, quizzes, and a post test. All these tools are used to measure whether there is a progress of the students’ performance. The students’ progress is summarized and shown in tables. Additionally, at the end of the semester, after the post test is given, a questionnaire is distributed to the students to know the students’ opinion about the provided authentic materials.