bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BE FAST Versus FAST: A Randomized Pilot Trial Comparing Retention of Stroke Symptoms Between 2 Mnemonics
Authors: Darkhabani M. Ziad , Homa‐Bonell Jennifer K. , Thoreson Laura , Bobholz Julie A. , Spaulding Devin , Engebose Melisa 
Published: September 2024

Background
Balance, Eye, Face, Arm, Speech, Time (BE FAST) was proposed to increase the public's ability to recognize more signs of stroke by adding balance (B) and eyesight changes (E) to the stroke acronym FAST (Face, Arm, Speech, Time). Previous prospective studies suggested these additions did not result in increased stroke detection.

Methods and Results

A randomized, assessor blinded prospective pilot study assessed retention of BE FAST and FAST. The 174 participants were randomized to 1 of 2 education arms, educated similarly visually and auditorily, and retention was tested at 3 time points. Mnemonic recall was similar at 30 days (79.5% versus 69.8%,
P
=0.104). Significantly lower retention was seen in the BE FAST group's ability to recall all symptoms at 3 to 5 minutes (75% versus 30.2%,
P
<0.001), 60 minutes (70.5% versus 41.9%,
P
<0.001), and 30 days (51.1% versus 24.4%,
P
<0.001). Significantly higher retention was observed in the FAST group for partial recall at 3 to 5 minutes (94.3% versus 84.9%,
P
=0.041), 60 minutes (86.4% versus 77.9%,
P
=0.045), and 30 days (76.1% versus 59.3%,
P
=0.012). For BE FAST, retention of more common symptoms at 30 days was lower for face (78.4% versus 60.5%,
P
=0.010), speech (65.9% versus 47.7%,
P
=0.015), and arm (63.6% versus 52.3%,
P
=0.131).

Conclusion
Significantly higher retention and ability to recall stroke symptoms, fully or partially, was found with FAST. Adding B and E to FAST resulted in lower retention of more common symptoms.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT06152016.
Impaired Balance Predicts Cardiovascular Disease in 70‐Year‐Old Individuals—An Observational Study From the Healthy Aging Initiative
Authors: Nordström Anna , Nordström Peter 
Published: September 2024

Background
Limited research has explored balance problems as a prospective risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to characterize the association between balance measures and the risk of incident CVD in a population of 70‐year‐olds.

Methods and Results

From 2012 to 2022 a cohort of 4927 older individuals who were CVD free underwent balance assessments using a balance board. Measurements included lateral and anterior–posterior sway, along with a safety limit of stability in a subcohort (N=2782). Time to first hospitalization for CVD, encompassing stroke, myocardial infarction, or angina pectoris was the primary outcome. Multivariable regression models assessed associations between balance parameters and CVD risk. Over a mean follow‐up of 4.9 years, 320 individuals were hospitalized for CVD. In a balance test with eyes open, increased lateral sway at baseline was associated with a higher risk of CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.014 [95% CI, 1.004–1.025],
P
=0.005, per mm increased sway), after adjustment for traditional risk factors for CVD. Similarly, individuals with CVD during follow‐up exhibited higher lateral sway with eyes closed at baseline (HR, 1.015 [95% CI, 1.005–1.025],
P
=0.002, per mm increased sway), after multivariable adjustment. The 4 strongest independent predictors of CVD included lateral sway and were associated with a population attributable fraction of 61% (95% CI, 54–68).

Conclusions
In community‐dwelling 70‐year‐olds, impaired lateral balance was an independent predictor of later CVD, after adjustment for traditional risk factors. This may suggest that position balance could be used as an early risk marker for underlying atherosclerotic disease.
Surgery Versus Thrombolytic Therapy for the Management of Left‐Sided Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis Without Hemodynamic Compromise: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chopard Romain , Vidoni Charles , Besutti Matthieu , Ismail Maria , Ecarnot Fiona , Favoulet Baptiste , Badoz Marc , Schiele François , Perrotti Andrea , Meneveau Nicolas 
Published: September 2024

Background
The optimal strategy in prosthetic heart valve thrombosis (PVT) remains controversial, with no randomized trials and conflicting observational data. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of evidence comparing systemic thrombolysis and cardiac surgery in PVT.

Methods and Results

We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase for studies on treatment strategies in patients with left‐sided PVT since 2000. The primary outcome was death, and the secondary outcomes were major bleeding and thromboembolism during follow‐up (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews No. CRD42022384092). We identified 2298 studies, of which 16 were included, comprising 1389 patients with PVT (mean age, 50.4±9.3 years; 60.0% women). Among them, 67.2% were New York Heart Association stage III/IV at admission. Overall, 48.1% were treated with systemic thrombolysis and 51.9% with cardiac surgery. The mortality rate was 10.8% in the thrombolysis group and 15.3% in the surgery group. The pooled risk difference for death with systemic thrombolysis was 1.13 (exact CI, 0.74–1.79;
ζ
2
=0.89;
P
<0.001) versus cardiac surgery. Rates of both transient ischemic attack and non–central nervous system embolism were higher in the thrombolysis group (
P
=0.002 and
P
=0.02, respectively). Treatment success, major bleeding, and stroke were similar between groups. Sensitivity analysis including studies that used low‐dose or slow‐infusion thrombolysis showed that the mortality rate was lower, and treatment success was higher, in patients referred to systemic thrombolysis, with similar rates of other secondary outcomes.

Conclusions
There is evidence to suggest that thrombolysis might be the preferred option for the management of PVT without cardiogenic shock, pending future randomized controlled trials or larger observational studies.
Diagnostic Yield and Clinical Utility of Coronary Angiography Versus Coronary Function Testing in Women With Angina and Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
Authors: Cigarroa Natasha , Latif Nida , Maayah Marah , Khokhar Arshjot , Kunnirickal Steffne , Schwann Alexandra , Maciejewski Kaitlin R. , Odanovic Natalija , Mazure Carolyn M. , Spatz Erica , Pfau Steven , Lansky Alexandra , Shah Samit M. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Approximately 50% of women referred for invasive coronary angiography have angina and nonobstructive coronary arteries, which includes coronary microvascular dysfunction, vasospastic angina, and other vasomotor disorders. We sought to determine the real‐world diagnostic yield of invasive coronary angiography and coronary function testing in women with angina and nonobstructive coronary arteries.

Methods and Results

From 2018 to 2023, we enrolled 198 women who underwent either coronary angiography (CA) alone (n=99) or coronary function testing (CFT; n=99). Mean±SD age was 62±10 years (CA alone) compared with 57±10 years (CFT). Coronary angiography was interpreted as nonobstructive coronary artery disease more frequently after CA alone (79% versus 52%). Of the women who underwent CFT, 82% (N=81) were found to have vasomotor disorders, including coronary microvascular dysfunction (27%), vasospastic angina (32%), mixed coronary microvascular dysfunction/vasospastic angina (16%), endothelial dysfunction (10%; without spasm), elevated resting flow (2%), or symptomatic myocardial bridging (4%). Compared with women undergoing CA alone, medications were changed more frequently after CFT at 24 hours (41% versus 65%;
P
=0.001) and between 24 hours and 30 days (30% versus 44%;
P
=0.04) with intensification of antianginal therapy (79% versus 92%;
P<
0.0001) and increased use of calcium channel blockers (36% versus 63%;
P<
0.0001).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that women presenting with suspected ischemic heart disease undergoing CA alone only received an anatomic diagnosis, whereas >80% of women undergoing CFT received a specific diagnosis of a coronary vasomotor disorder and greater intensification of antianginal therapy.
Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators Among Older Survivors of Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Marcus Mason , Chan Paul S. , Chang Anping , Merritt Robert K. , McNally Bryan , Link Mark S. , Girotra Saket 
Published: September 2024

Background
Although current guidelines recommend implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) placement in survivors of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, contemporary data on secondary‐prevention ICDs in survivors of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest remain limited.

Methods and Results
Using 2013 to 2019 CARES (Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival) linked to Medicare, we identified 3226 patients aged ≥65 years with an initial shockable rhythm who survived to discharge without severe neurological disability. Multivariable hierarchical regression models were used to examine the association between patient variables and ICD placement and quantify hospital variation in ICD implantation. The mean age was 72.2 years, 23.5% were women, 10% were Black individuals, and 4% were Hispanic individuals. Overall, 997 (30.9%) patients received an ICD before discharge, 1266 (39.2%) at 90 days, and 1287 (39.9%) within 6 months. Older age (≥85 years), female sex, history of diabetes, calendar year, and presentation with acute myocardial infarction were associated with lower odds of ICD implantation, but race or ethnicity was not associated with ICD implantation. Among 297 hospitals, the median proportion of survivors receiving ICD at discharge was 28.6% (interquartile range, 20%–50%). The relative odds of ICD implantation varied by 62% across hospitals (median odds ratio, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.38–1.82]) after adjusting for case mix.

Conclusions
Fewer than 1 in 3 survivors of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest due to a shockable rhythm received a secondary‐prevention ICD before discharge. Although patient variables were associated with ICD implantation, there was no difference by race or ethnicity. Even after adjusting for patient case mix, ICD implantation varied markedly across hospitals.
Motion-invariant variational autoencoding of brain structural connectomes
Authors: Zhang Yizi , Liu Meimei , Zhang Zhengwu , Dunson David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Mapping of human brain structural connectomes via diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) offers a unique opportunity to understand brain structural connectivity and relate it to various human traits, such as cognition. However, head displacement during image acquisition can compromise the accuracy of connectome reconstructions and subsequent inference results. We develop a generative model to learn low-dimensional representations of structural connectomes invariant to motion-induced artifacts, so that we can link brain networks and human traits more accurately, and generate motion-adjusted connectomes. We apply the proposed model to data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study and the Human Connectome Project (HCP) to investigate how our motion-invariant connectomes facilitate understanding of the brain network and its relationship with cognition. Empirical results demonstrate that the proposed motion-invariant variational autoencoder (inv-VAE) outperforms its competitors in various aspects. In particular, motion-adjusted structural connectomes are more strongly associated with a wide array of cognition-related traits than other approaches without motion adjustment.
Isoflurane titration improves detection of hippocampal lactate by 1H-MRS
Authors: Frame Ariel K. , Khazaee Reza , Courchesne Marc , Wilson Scott K , Bellyou Miranda , Li Alex X. , Bartha Robert , Cumming Robert C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Lactate has increasingly been recognized as both an important fuel source and a signaling molecule within the brain. Alterations in brain lactate levels are associated with various neurological diseases. Thus, there is great interest in the in vivo detection and measurement of cerebral lactate levels in animals used for investigation of normal brain function and models of disease. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a non-invasive technique used to measure lactate and other metabolites within the brain. However, lactate can be difficult to detect with conventional 1H-MRS due to its low abundance and spectral overlap with lipids. In addition, volatile anesthetics used during image acquisition increase lactate production, potentially masking any subtle physiological changes in lactate levels. Here, we made use of a transgenic mouse model in which expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (Ldha), the rate-limiting enzyme of lactate production, was induced within cortical and hippocampal neurons. Unexpectedly, 1H-MRS analysis, under typical isoflurane-induced anesthesia of 4% induction followed by 1.6–2% maintenance, revealed no significant elevation of hippocampal lactate levels in neuronal Ldha induction mice compared to control mice. In contrast, 1H-MRS analysis, using an isoflurane titration protocol in which mice were sequentially exposed to 1.6%, 2%, and then finally 3% isoflurane, revealed significantly higher hippocampal lactate levels in Ldha transgenic mice compared to controls. In addition, significantly fewer mice were required to detect differences in lactate levels using the isoflurane titration protocol compared to conventional isoflurane-induced anesthesia. Our findings highlight the importance of controlling for the effects of anesthesia when detecting changes in hippocampal lactate levels in vivo and offer a novel protocol for enhanced cerebral lactate detection.
Euphorbia zhongiana (Euphorbia section Helioscopia, subgenus Esula, Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Danxia Landform Areas in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China
Authors: LI JUN-PING , XU PAN , CHEN FENG , PU JIN-BAO , XIE WEN-YUAN , WANG JUN-FENG , WANG JIAN-SHENG , ZHU HUA-MIN , CHEN ZHENG-HAI , LIANG WEI-QING 
Published: September 2024

Euphorbia zhongiana (Euphorbiaceae), from Zhejiang Province, eastern China, is described and illustrated as a new species. It is morphologically similar to E. fauriei, however, differs in its winter green habit, whole plant being glabrous; cyathophylls 2, broadly ovate, yellow-greenish; involucre 2.5–3.0 × 2.5–3.0 mm; the surface of ovary usually smooth, rare sparsely microtuberous; styles connate at middle towards base; apex slightly 2–lobed; capsules smooth without tuberculate or conical verrucae, rare sparsely and inconspicuously rugose; seed coat with reticulate wrinkle.
Trends in Satellite-Based Ocean Parameters through Integrated Time Series Decomposition and Spectral Analysis. Part I: Chlorophyll, Sea Surface Temperature, and Sea Level Anomaly
Authors: Dash Prasanjit , Saha Korak , DiGiacomo Paul , Miller Steven D. , Zhang Huai-Min , Lazzaro Rachel , Son Seunghyun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study investigated trends in satellite-based chlorophyll-a (Chl-a; 1998–2022), sea surface temperature (SST; 1982–2022), and sea level anomaly (SLA; 1993–2021) from the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative records, integrating time series decomposition and spectral analysis. Trends in parameters signify prolonged increases, decreases, or no changes over time. These are time series in the same space as original parameters, excluding seasonalities and noise, and can exhibit nonlinearity. Trend rates approximate the pace of change per time unit. We quantified trends using conventional linear fit and three incrementally advancing methods for time series decomposition: simple moving average (SMA), seasonal-trend decomposition using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (STL), and multiple STL (MSTL), across the global ocean, the Bay of Bengal, and the Chesapeake Bay. Challenges in decomposition include specifying accurate seasonal periods that are derived here by combining Fourier and wavelet transforms. Globally, SST and SLA trend upward, and Chl-a has no significant change, yet regional variations are notable. We highlight the advantage of extracting multiple periods with MSTL and, more broadly, decomposition’s role in disentangling time series components (seasonality, trend, and noise) without resorting to monotonic functions, thereby preventing overlooking episodic events. Illustrations include extreme events temporarily counteracting background trends, e.g., the 2010–11 SLA drop due to La Niña–induced rainfall over land. The continuous analysis clarifies the warming hiatus debate, affirming sustained warming. Decadal trend rates per grid cell are also mapped. These are ubiquitously significant for SST and SLA, whereas Chl-a trend rates are globally low but extreme across coasts and boundary currents.

Significance Statement
This work introduces a versatile scheme combining decomposition-based trend methods and spectral analysis while considering multiple seasonal periods. Trends in ocean parameters reveal planetary changes, and space-based observations are vital for in situ sparse regions. However, selecting reliable data and accounting for multiple periods are crucial to discerning real trends amid inherent variabilities. Resulting trends highlight hotspots (areas of significant changes) and, alongside other information, may uncover change drivers. The purpose is to (i) summarize decomposition methods, spanning foundational to the latest, (ii) derive trend lines and trend-rate maps for biophysical parameters, and (iii) characterize geospatial variations. These maps at native grid resolutions may inform background conditions for other prospective ocean applications. Extending this scheme to additional variables is forthcoming.
Nurturing a Sense of Belonging in LGBTQIA2S+ Community College Students
Authors: Bennett Elizabeth 
Published: September 2024

Background/context: Challenges faced by community college students have both intensified and transformed since COVID-19 hit in spring 2020. As colleges transitioned operations online and are still gradually returning to in-person teaching and learning, they have had to experiment with how to help students maintain some sense of connection to their peers, their learning, and their schools. This task is complicated in a community college setting because of the size and diversity of student populations; supporting particular populations such LGBTQIA2S+ students calls for additional layers of ongoing reflection. Purpose: Amid increased backlash and a surge in legislation against LGBTQIA2S+ individuals, community colleges face the challenge of helping this marginalized part of our student population feel confident that they belong on campus. In reflecting on efforts by my college to support LGBTQIA2S+students before, during, and after the pandemic, I show how a focus on increasing feelings of belonging are instrumental in retaining LGBTQIA2S+ students.
Exploring the Quality of Life of University Students in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Survey Using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) Assessment
Authors: Ali Hossam Tharwat , Helal Abdulrhman , Ismail Suzan Mostafa , Hamdi Nermeen Mohamed , Mohamed Nourhan Lashin , Essa Alaa Mohamed , Mohammed Marwa ,   QOL Collaborator Group, Ebada Mahmoud A. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose To comprehensively assess the quality of life (QoL) of Egyptian university students. Design Cross-sectional online study. Setting Online settings of university students from August to October 2023. Subjects University students aged 18-25 from various institutions in Egypt. Measures Physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.0. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to detect significant associations while Spearman correlation was used for correlation analysis. Results A total of 1930 Egyptian university students were included. Students showed outperformance in the psychological health and social relationships domains, with medians of 58 ± 20.8 and 58 ± 25, respectively, compared to physical health with a median of 46 ± 17.8 and environmental health with a median score of 16.6 ± 21.9. Non-medical students reported higher QoL scores, particularly in physical, psychological, and social domains, compared to their medical counterparts ( P-values <0.001, 0.007, and 0.002, respectively). No significant differences were observed between genders in any of the domains. Academic performance satisfaction significantly correlated with higher QoL scores across all domains ( P < 0.001). Conclusions This multi-center study sheds light on diverse aspects influencing QoL of Egyptian university students. The findings underscore the importance of addressing academic stressors, promoting health behaviors, and tailoring interventions based on students’ academic backgrounds with larger and more representative samples.
Assessing Google Search Trends for Mpox in the United States
Authors: Akram Hammad 
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims: Mpox (formerly Monkeypox) is a zoonotic infectious disease with symptoms of rash, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. The most recent outbreak was reported in May 2022 with the first US case identified in the middle of the same month. Google Trends is a unique tool that quantifies frequencies of a specified search term in real-time, in a given time range, and by geographical location. The present study evaluates the utilisation of Google Trends data in understanding Mpox patterns in the US. Materials and Methods: On 29 September 2023, a Google Trends search was executed to analyse the popularity of the term Mpox for time range of 10 May 2022 to 28 September 2023. Data was exported into MS Excel and matched with the CDC’s Mpox case incidence data. Results: Mpox search was most popular in the District of Columbia (100) followed by Delaware (71), Maryland (70) and Georgia (68), respectively. The popularity scale of 24 was observed 2 days before the first US case was identified which could be attributed to the global rise in cases earlier in May 2022. Although a steep increase in Mpox searches was observed between July and August 2022, the trend aligned with the number of Mpox cases reported to the CDC during the same time frame. Conclusions: Google Trends data, if used in conjunction with other surveillance tools, can help in a better understanding of disease dynamics and may help validate trends obtained through other sources. Since Google Trends monitors and analyses searches in real-time, it can be valuable in establishing a robust action plan.