bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sugary beverage intake and preclinical Alzheimer's disease in the community
Authors: Pase Matthew P. , Himali Jayandra J. , Jacques Paul F. , DeCarli Charles , Satizabal Claudia L. , Aparicio Hugo , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Beiser Alexa S. , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionExcess sugar consumption has been linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in animal models.MethodsWe examined the cross‐sectional association of sugary beverage consumption with neuropsychological (N = 4276) and magnetic resonance imaging (N = 3846) markers of preclinical Alzheimer's disease and vascular brain injury (VBI) in the community‐based Framingham Heart Study. Intake of sugary beverages was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire.ResultsRelative to consuming less than one sugary beverage per day, higher intake of sugary beverages was associated with lower total brain volume (1–2/day, β ± standard error [SE] = −0.55 ± 0.14 mean percent difference, P = .0002; >2/day, β ± SE = −0.68 ± 0.18, P < .0001), and poorer performance on tests of episodic memory (all P < .01). Daily fruit juice intake was associated with lower total brain volume, hippocampal volume, and poorer episodic memory (all P < .05). Sugary beverage intake was not associated with VBI in a consistent manner across outcomes.DiscussionHigher intake of sugary beverages was associated cross‐sectionally with markers of preclinical AD.
Importance of exercise testing shortly after subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation in patients with Brugada syndrome – The first case of associated inappropriate shock in Japan
Authors: Ishibashi Kohei , Noda Takashi , Kamakura Tsukasa , Wada Mitsuru , Inoue Yuko , Okamura Hideo , Kusano Kengo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe report the case of a 51‐year‐old patient with Brugada syndrome (BrS) who experienced inappropriate shock due to T‐wave oversensing (TWOS) during exercise when the optimal sensing vector was selected based on the automatic analysis by a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD). After selecting another vector during exercise testing, TWOS did not re‐occur. Selection of appropriate sensing vector based on analyses under various conditions, including during exercise after S‐ICD implantation, should be considered for patients with BrS.
Bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de carreras de la salud
Authors: Sandoval Barrientos Sandra , Dorner París Anita , Véliz Burgos Alex 
Published: March 2017

Introducción: En Chile, las carreras de salud han experimentado un auge en interés y matrícula en la última década; el desafío es hacer frente a la diversidad de perfiles de ingreso. En este escenario se hace imprescindible conocer las características socioemocionales y psicopedagógicas de aquellos que serán los encargados de desarrollar un plan de cuidado hacia las personas, con el fin de apoyarlos durante su desarrollo profesional. Objetivos: Se buscó identificar el nivel de bienestar psicológico de estudiantes del área de salud en una universidad estatal en el sur de Chile. Método: La investigación se desarrolló bajo el paradigma positivista. Es un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Participaron de forma voluntaria 190 estudiantes de salud de ambos géneros (M = 20.94, DT = 3.17). Se utilizó la escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff (1989). Esta escala posee 6 dimensiones: (a) dominio del entorno, (b) propósito en la vida, (c) autonomía, (d) relaciones positivas, (e) autoaceptación y (f) crecimiento personal. Los valores de consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) de las dimensiones de la escala oscilan de 0.68 a 0.78. Resultados: Los resultados indican que un 40.6% de los estudiantes declaran tener claridad respecto a su propósito en la vida. Sin embargo, un 41.7% poseen un nivel deficitario de relaciones positivas con el entorno, un 26.6% declaran bajo nivel de autonomía y un 25.3%, bajo nivel de crecimiento personal. Las mujeres presentan medias más altas en las dimensiones relaciones positivas, dominio del entorno y crecimiento personal. Los hombres, un promedio más alto en autonomía. Conclusiones: Los resultados indicarían que se deben generar dispositivos desde las carreras de salud para apoyar el desarrollo socioafectivo de sus estudiantes.
Trajectory of phantom limb pain relief using mirror therapy: Retrospective analysis of two studies
Authors: Griffin Sarah C. , Curran Sean , Chan Annie W.Y. , Finn Sacha B. , Baker Chris I. , Pasquina Paul F. , Tsao Jack W. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background and purpose
Research indicates that mirror therapy reduces phantom limb pain (PLP). Objectives were to determine when mirror therapy works in those who respond to treatment, the relevance of baseline PLP to when pain relief occurs, and what pain symptoms respond to mirror therapy.

Methods
Data from two independent cohorts with unilateral lower limb amputation were analyzed for this study (n = 33). Mirror therapy consisted of 15-min sessions in which amputees performed synchronous movements of the phantom and intact legs/feet. PLP was measured using a visual analogue scale and the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire.

Results
The severity of PLP at the beginning of treatment predicted when pain relief occurred. Those with low baseline PLP experienced a reduction (p < 0.05) in PLP by session 7 of treatment, those with medium baseline PLP experienced pain relief by session 14 of treatment, and those with high baseline PLP experienced pain relief by session 21 of treatment. Mirror therapy reduced throbbing, shooting, stabbing, sharp, cramping, aching, tender, splitting, tiring/exhausting, and punishing-cruel pain symptoms.

Conclusion
The degree of PLP at baseline predicts when mirror therapy relieves pain.

Implications
This article indicates that the degree of baseline PLP affects when mirror therapy relieves pain: relief occurs by session 7 in patients with low PLP but by session 21 in patients with high PLP. Clinicians should anticipate slower pain relief in patients who begin treatment with high levels of pain.
Design of the ExCersion‐VCI study: The effect of aerobic exercise on cerebral perfusion in patients with vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Leeuwis Anna E. , Hooghiemstra Astrid M. , Amier Raquel , Ferro Doeschka A. , Franken Leonie , Nijveldt Robin , Kuijer Joost P.A. , Bronzwaer Anne‐Sophie G.T. , van Lieshout Johannes J. , Rietberg Marc B. , Veerbeek Janne M. , Huijsmans Rosalie J. , Backx Frank J.G. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Bron Esther E. , Barkhof Frederik , Prins Niels D. , Shahzad Rahil , Niessen Wiro J. , de Roos Albert , van Osch Matthias J.P. , van Rossum Albert C. , Biessels Geert J. , van der Flier Wiesje M. ,   Heart Brain Connection study group
Published: March 2017

AbstractThere is evidence for a beneficial effect of aerobic exercise on cognition, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we test the hypothesis that aerobic exercise increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). This study is a multicenter single‐blind randomized controlled trial among 80 patients with VCI. Most important inclusion criteria are a diagnosis of VCI with Mini‐Mental State Examination ≥22 and Clinical Dementia Rating ≤0.5. Participants are randomized into an aerobic exercise group or a control group. The aerobic exercise program aims to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and takes 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week. Participants are provided with a bicycle ergometer at home. The control group receives two information meetings. Primary outcome measure is change in CBF. We expect this study to provide insight into the potential mechanism by which aerobic exercise improves hemodynamic status.
Impact of programs to reduce antipsychotic and anticholinergic use in nursing homes
Authors: Carnahan Ryan M. , Brown Grant D. , Letuchy Elena M. , Rubenstein Linda M. , Gryzlak Brian M. , Smith Marianne , Reist Jeffrey C. , Kelly Michael W. , Schultz Susan K. , Weckmann Michelle T. , Chrischilles Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionAntipsychotics are used for managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) but have risks. Anticholinergics can worsen outcomes in dementia. The Improving Antipsychotic Appropriateness in Dementia Patients educational program (IA‐ADAPT) and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Partnership to Improve Dementia Care (CMS Partnership) promote improved care for BPSD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of these programs on medication use and BPSD among nursing home residents.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental longitudinal study used Medicare and assessment data for Iowa nursing home residents from April 2011 to December 2012. Residents were required to be eligible for six continuous months for inclusion. Antipsychotic use and anticholinergic use were evaluated on a monthly basis, and changes in BPSD were tracked using assessment data. Results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) per month after exposure to the IA‐ADAPT or the start of the CMS Partnership.ResultsOf 426 eligible Iowa nursing homes, 114 were exposed to the IA‐ADAPT in 2012. Nursing home exposure to the IA‐ADAPT was associated with reduced antipsychotic use (OR [95% CI] = 0.92 [0.89–0.95]) and anticholinergic use (OR [95% CI] = 0.95 [0.92–0.98]), reduced use of excessive antipsychotic doses per CMS guidance (OR [95% CI] = 0.80 [0.75–0.86]), increased odds of a potentially appropriate indication among antipsychotic users (OR [95% CI] = 1.04 [1.00–1.09]), and decreased documentation of verbal aggression (OR [95% CI] = 0.96 [0.94–0.99]). Facilities with two or more IA‐ADAPT exposures had greater reductions in antipsychotic and anticholinergic use than those with only one. The CMS Partnership was associated with reduced antipsychotic use (OR [95% CI] = 0.96 [0.94–0.98]) and decreased documentation of any measured BPSD (OR [95% CI] = 0.98 [0.97–0.99]) as well as delirium specifically (OR [95% CI] = 0.98 [0.96–0.99]).DiscussionThis study suggests that the IA‐ADAPT and the CMS Partnership improved medication use with no adverse impact on BPSD.
Protective and antifungal properties of Nanodisk‐Amphotericin B over commercially available Amphotericin B
Authors: Cho Do‐Yeon , Hoffman Kyle J. , Gill Gobind S. , Lim Dong‐Jin , Skinner Daniel , Mackey Calvin , Rowe Steven M. , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveAmphotericin B (AMB), a potent antifungal agent, has been employed as topical and systemic therapy for sinonasal fungal infections. A novel formulation of nanodisc (ND) containing super aggregated AMB (ND‐AMB) for the treatment of fungal infections has been recently developed to provide greater protection from AMB toxicity than current, clinically approved lipid‐based formulations. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the safety and potency of ND‐AMB for sinonasal delivery using an in vitro model.MethodsHuman sinonasal tissue was harvested during endoscopic sinus surgery and grown at air–liquid interface until well‐differentiated. Cultures were exposed to ND‐AMB vs AMB and changes in K+ permeability and resistance were measured and recorded via Ussing chamber assay. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was analyzed in parallel as well as cytotoxic assay. Potency was assessed using real‐time PCR measurement of the Aspergillus fumigatus 18S rRNA.ResultsUssing chamber studies revealed K+ currents that increased rapidly within 30 s of adding AMB (10 μg/mL) to the apical side, indicating apical membranes had become permeable to K+ ions. In contrast, negligible induction of K+ current was obtained following addition of ND‐AMB [AMB = (107.7 ± 15.9) μA/cm2 AMB vs ND‐AMB = (2.3 ± 0.7) μA/cm2 ND‐AMB; P = 0.005]. ND‐AMB also protected nasal epithelial cells from cytotoxicity of AMB (P < 0.05). There was no difference in ciliary beat frequency between the two groups (P = 0.96). The expression of A. fumigatus 18S rRNA with exposure of lower dose of ND‐AMB was significantly lower compared to that with AMB (P < 0.05).ConclusionsData from the present study suggests ND‐AMB protects human nasal epithelia membranes from AMB toxicity by protecting against apical cell K+ permeability while maintaining uncompromised antifungal property compared to AMB. ND‐AMB could provide a novel topical therapy for sinonasal fungal diseases.
Reimag(in)ing the Past
Authors: Emmitt Joshua , Sefton Briar , Phillipps Rebecca , Wendrich Willeke , Holdaway Simon 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe excavation of the site of Kom W in the Fayum region of Egypt during the 1920s by Caton-Thompson and Gardner resulted in the loss of the original surface topography. Detailed section drawings recorded the surface and bottom of excavation, but it was previously difficult to interpret the published images. This article reports on the use of these images to create a three-dimensional representation of the site as it was before and after excavation in the 1920s. This visualization aids the interpretation of the formation processes that shaped Kom W in ways that were previously unachievable due to limitations in the original data. Archaeological sites are under increasing threat of destruction, especially in the Near East. This method could be applied to legacy data in order to reconstruct a site with the data available.
Coherent structures in statistically stationary homogeneous shear turbulence
Authors: Dong Siwei , Lozano-Durán Adrián , Sekimoto Atsushi , Jiménez Javier 
Published: March 2017

The three-dimensional vortex clusters, and the structures based on the quadrant classification of the intense tangential Reynolds stress (Qs), are studied in direct numerical simulations of statistically stationary homogeneous shear turbulence (HST) at Taylor microscale Reynolds number $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\approx 50{-}250$, with emphasis on comparisons with turbulent channels (CHs). The Qs and vortex clusters in HST are found to be versions of the corresponding detached (in the sense of del Álamo et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 561 (2006), pp. 329–358)) structures in CHs, although statistically symmetrised with respect to the substitution of sweeps by ejections and vice versa. In turn, these are more symmetric versions of the corresponding attached Qs and clusters. In both flows, only co-gradient sweeps and ejections larger than the local Corrsin scale are found to couple with the shear. They are oriented anisotropically, and are responsible for carrying most of the total Reynolds stress. Most large eddies in CHs are attached to the wall, but it is shown that this is probably a geometric consequence of their size, rather than the reason for their dynamical significance. Most small Q structures associated with different quadrants are far from each other in comparison to their size, but those that are close to each other tend to form quasi-streamwise trains of groups of a sweep and an ejection paired side by side in the spanwise direction, with a vortex cluster in between, generalising to three dimensions the corresponding arrangement of attached eddies in CHs. These pairs are organised around an inclined large-scale conditional vortex ‘roller’, and it is shown that the composite structure tends to be located at the interface between high- and low-velocity streaks, as well as in strong ‘co-gradient’ shear layers that separate streaks of either sign in which velocity is more uniform. It is further found that the conditional rollers are terminated by ‘hooks’ reminiscent of hairpins, both upright and inverted. The inverted hook weakens as the structures approach the wall, while the upright one changes little. At the same time, the inclination of the roller with respect to the mean velocity decreases from $45^{\circ }$ in HST to quasi-streamwise for wall-attached eddies. Many of these observations are generalised to intense Reynolds stresses formed with different pairs of velocity components, and it is shown that most properties of the small structures can be traced to their definitions, rather than to their dynamics. It is concluded that the larger Reynolds-stress structures are associated with shear turbulence, rather than with the presence of a wall, while the smaller ones are generic to turbulence in general, whether sheared or not.
Link between black carbon, fires, climate change, and human activity during the Holocene period shown in the loess-paleosol sequence from Henan, China
Authors: Mu Yan , Qin Xiaoguang , Zhang Lei , Xu Bing 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHenan was the site of development for several ancient cultures during the Holocene. In this study, black carbon (BC) in the Holocene sediment is compared with known climatic changes and cultural events to provide information concerning the link between fire, climatic changes, and human activity in Xiangcheng. Prior to 8000 cal yr BP, the occurrence of fires was low under cold and dry climatic conditions. The BC content in 8000–1000calyrBP indicates a gradual increase in fire, with two peak values at 7500calyrBP and 3500 cal yr BP. The first peak correlates to the development of the Peiligang culture, and the second peak correlates to the development of wet and warm climate conditions along with the appearance of the Xia–Shang dynasties. Increases in fire activity could therefore be attributed to climate change and the development of human civilization in the region. Another sharp increase in fires around 1000calyrBP was consistent with a sharp increase in population during the Tang dynasty.
What does client ‘engagement’ mean in aged care? An analysis of practice
Authors: PETRIWSKYJ ANDREA , GIBSON ALEXANDRA , WEBBY GLENYS 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTClient engagement is an important part of contemporary aged care. However, the extent to which decisions are delegated to the older person, and the scope of issues about which decision making occurs, vary. The types of engagement that are offered to, and taken up by, aged-care clients have implications for the extent of power and influence older people hold. This paper reports on a qualitative study conducted in a large Australian service provider. It identifies the forms that client engagement takes in the aged-care context, the roles for staff and older people that are enacted through these activities, and the implications these have for power relationships and older people's influence. An inverse relationship was seen between the depth and scope of client influence, but a desire to address this suggested potential spaces for greater empowerment. A relationship was evident between the retention of control by staff and the perceived effectiveness of existing engagement strategies, highlighting the limitations of traditional power dynamics in engagement practice. An expanded model of engagement in aged care is proposed that recognises the foundational role of connection building as a facilitator of greater empowerment for older people. Implications for theory regarding engagement in aged care, and the practice of engagement in aged-care organisations, are discussed.
A qualitative study into the prospect of working longer for physiotherapists in the United Kingdom's National Health Service
Authors: ROY DEBORAH , WEYMAN ANDREW , GEORGE ANITHA , HUDSON-SHARP NATHAN 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTLittle is known about the perspectives of health-care workers when it comes to prolonging their working lives. This exploratory paper focuses on physiotherapists and aims to offer new insights into the underlying processes that may influence perceptions of ageing and how they impact on motivation to work longer. Data gathering took the form of focus groups with 43 National Health Service physiotherapists. A thematic analysis was used to characterise and articulate key concepts and meanings. The analysis applied interpretive techniques. The six headline themes to emerge were: worry over physical capability and ability to cope; the need to maintain a professional image; work, retirement and exit norms; beliefs about ageing; extrinsic job demands; organisational support – line management; and organisational support – career progression. The key findings suggest that the current unchanging context of high job demands is very salient, consequently resulting in negative and pessimistic feelings about capabilities when it comes to being an older worker and having an extended working life.
Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage among children in Brazil prior to the introduction of the 10-valent conjugate vaccine: a culture- and PCR-based survey
Authors: RODRIGUES H. G. , PINTO T. C. A. , BARROS R. R. , TEIXEIRA L. M. , NEVES F. P. G. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYWe performed two different approaches (broth enrichment step prior to culture (BEC) and PCR (BEPCR)) for detectingStreptococcus pneumoniaefrom nasopharyngeal specimens collected from 242 children aged <6 years attending one hospital (n= 140) and one childcare centre (n= 102) in a major urban area in Brazil. These specimens were collected immediately before the introduction of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) and the 13-valent vaccine (PCV13) for routine use in Brazil. Results were compared with previous findings obtained with direct culture (DC) on a selective medium. Colonisation prevalence was 58·3% (n= 141), being higher among children attending the childcare centre (62·7%vs.55%). The culture-based methods (DC and BEC) enabled the detection ofS. pneumoniaein 119 (49·2%) and 115 (47·5%) children, respectively. The PCR-based method (BEPCR) was more sensitive and 137 (56·6%) carriers were identified. Twenty-six serogroups/serotypes were identified, predominantly 6B, 19F, 14, 6A, 15C and 23F. Multiple colonisation was observed in 13 (5·4%) children. The estimated serotypes coverage of available PCVs was 40·4% for the 10-valent (included in the Brazilian immunisation programme) and 55·8% for the 13-valent (only available in private clinics). The use of robust approaches to obtain a more realistic insight about the asymptomatic carrier status is of paramount importance to estimate and assess the impact of vaccine implementation. The combination between culture-based and molecular methods constitutes a suitable strategy.
Systematic review of risk prediction scores for surgical site infection or periprosthetic joint infection following joint arthroplasty
Authors: KUNUTSOR S. K. , WHITEHOUSE M. R. , BLOM A. W. , BESWICK A. D. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYAccurate identification of individuals at high risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) or periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) influences clinical decisions and development of preventive strategies. We aimed to determine progress in the development and validation of risk prediction models for SSI or PJI using a systematic review. We searched for studies that have developed or validated a risk prediction tool for SSI or PJI following joint replacement in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane databases; trial registers and reference lists of studies up to September 2016. Nine studies describing 16 risk scores for SSI or PJI were identified. The number of component variables in a risk score ranged from 4 to 45. The C-index ranged from 0·56 to 0·74, with only three risk scores reporting a discriminative ability of >0·70. Five risk scores were validated internally. The National Healthcare Safety Network SSIs risk models for hip and knee arthroplasties (HPRO and KPRO) were the only scores to be externally validated. Except for HPRO which shows some promise for use in a clinical setting (based on predictive performance and external validation), none of the identified risk scores can be considered ready for use. Further research is urgently warranted within the field.