bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐dimensional single cell mapping of cerium distribution in the lung immune microenvironment of an active smoker
Authors: Rahman Adeeb H. , Lavin Yonit , Kobayashi Soma , Leader Andrew , Merad Miriam 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundMass cytometry leverages inductively coupled mass spectrometry to perform high dimensional single cell analyses using antibodies tagged with rare earth isotopes that are considered to be largely absent in biological samples. We have recently noted an unusual exception to this rule while analyzing tissue samples from patients undergoing surgical resection for early stage lung cancer, and here we present a detailed cytometric characterization of cerium in a clinical patient sample.MethodsWe performed a CyTOF analysis on cell suspensions derived from matched blood, tumor lesion, and non‐involved lung tissue from an active smoker undergoing surgical resection for early stage lung adenocarcinoma. The samples were stained with a 31‐parameter antibody panel to allow a detailed characterization of the cellular heterogeneity of the samples. The data were visualized using viSNE, major immune subsets were identified based on canonical marker expression patterns, and single cell cerium levels were evaluated across each of these defined subsets.ResultsHigh dimensional immune cell mapping revealed that high levels of cerium were specifically associated with a phenotypically distinct subset of lung macrophages that were most prevalent in noninvolved lung tissue, whereas tumor associated macrophages showed relatively lower levels of cerium. We hypothesize that these findings reflect alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of inhaled cerium derived from cigarette flint lighters.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the first high‐dimensional single cell characterization of environmental metal exposure associated with smoking, and offer a demonstration of the unique potential for applying mass cytometry to the field of environmental toxicology. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Ketoacidosis associated with SGLT2 inhibitor treatment: Analysis of FAERS data
Authors: Blau Jenny E. , Tella Sri Harsha , Taylor Simeon I. , Rother Kristina I. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundRegulatory agencies have concluded that sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors lead to ketoacidosis, but published literature on this point remains controversial.MethodsWe searched the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for reports of acidosis in patients treated with canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, or empagliflozin (from the date of each drug's FDA approval until May 15, 2015). We compared the number of SGLT2 inhibitor‐related reports to reports of acidosis in patients treated with the 2 most commonly used DPP4 inhibitors: sitagliptin and saxagliptin. We estimated relative risks of acidosis by relating the number of reports to cumulative drug sales (a surrogate for patient exposure).ResultsFAERS contained 259 reports of acidosis (including 192 reports of ketoacidosis) for SGLT2 inhibitors compared with 477 reports of acidosis for DPP4 inhibitors (including 71 reports of ketoacidosis). Based on estimated patient exposure, the overall risk of developing acidosis was ~14‐fold higher for SGLT2 inhibitors. Among 51 SGLT2 inhibitor‐related reports with quantifiable metabolic information, 20 cases occurred in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), 25 in type 2 diabetes (T2D), and 6 in patients with unspecified type of diabetes. After excluding patients with T1D and focusing on patients identified as having T2D, we estimate that SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with ~7‐fold increase in developing acidosis. Seventy‐one percent had euglycemic ketoacidosis.ConclusionsOur results support the FDA's warning that SGLT2 inhibitors lead to ketoacidosis, as evidenced by an increased reporting rate for acidosis above that in a comparator population treated with DPP4 inhibitors.
Evolution of antero‐posterior patterning of the limb: Insights from the chick
Authors: Towers Matthew 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe developing limbs of chicken embryos have served as pioneering models for understanding pattern formation for over a century. The ease with which chick wing and leg buds can be experimentally manipulated, while the embryo is still in the egg, has resulted in the discovery of important developmental organisers, and subsequently, the signals that they produce. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is produced by mesenchyme cells of the polarizing region at the posterior margin of the limb bud and specifies positional values across the antero‐posterior axis (the axis running from the thumb to the little finger). Detailed experimental embryology has revealed the fundamental parameters required to specify antero‐posterior positional values in response to Shh signaling in chick wing and leg buds. In this review, the evolution of the avian wing and leg will be discussed in the broad context of tetrapod paleontology, and more specifically, ancestral theropod dinosaur paleontology. How the parameters that dictate antero‐posterior patterning could have been modulated to produce the avian wing and leg digit patterns will be considered. Finally, broader speculations will be made regarding what the antero‐posterior patterning of chick limbs can tell us about the evolution of other digit patterns, including those that were found in the limbs of the earliest tetrapods.
Disentangling the role of seed bank and dispersal in plant metapopulation dynamics using patch occupancy surveys
Authors: Manna F. , Pradel R. , Choquet R. , Fréville H. , Cheptou P.‐O. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn plants, the presence of a seed bank challenges the application of classical metapopulation models to aboveground presence surveys; ignoring seed bank leads to overestimated extinction and colonization rates. In this article, we explore the possibility to detect seed bank using hidden Markov models in the analysis of aboveground patch occupancy surveys of an annual plant with limited dispersal. Patch occupancy data were generated by simulation under two metapopulation sizes (N = 200 and N = 1,000 patches) and different metapopulation scenarios, each scenario being a combination of the presence/absence of a 1‐yr seed bank and the presence/absence of limited dispersal in a circular 1‐dimension configuration of patches. In addition, because local conditions often vary among patches in natural metapopulations, we simulated patch occupancy data with heterogeneous germination rate and patch disturbance. Seed bank is not observable from aboveground patch occupancy surveys, hence hidden Markov models were designed to account for uncertainty in patch occupancy. We explored their ability to retrieve the correct scenario. For 10 yr surveys and metapopulation sizes of N = 200 or 1,000 patches, the correct metapopulation scenario was detected at a rate close to 100%, whatever the underlying scenario considered. For smaller, more realistic, survey duration, the length for a reliable detection of the correct scenario depends on the metapopulation size: 3 yr for N = 1,000 and 6 yr for N = 200 are enough. Our method remained powerful to disentangle seed bank from dispersal in the presence of patch heterogeneity affecting either seed germination or patch extinction. Our work shows that seed bank and limited dispersal generate different signatures on aboveground patch occupancy surveys. Therefore, our method provides a powerful tool to infer metapopulation dynamics in a wide range of species with an undetectable life form.
PDMS/glass hybrid device with a reusable carbon electrode for on‐line monitoring of catecholamines using microdialysis sampling coupled to microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection
Authors: Saylor Rachel A. , Lunte Susan M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOn‐line separations‐based sensors employing microdialysis (MD) coupled to microchip electrophoresis (ME) enable the continuous monitoring of multiple analytes simultaneously. Electrochemical detection (EC) is especially amenable to on‐animal systems employing MD‐ME due to its ease of miniaturization. However, one of the difficulties in fabricating MD‐ME‐EC systems is incorporating carbon working electrodes into the device. In this paper, a novel fabrication procedure is described for the production of a PDMS/glass hybrid device that is capable of integrating hydrodynamic MD flow with ME‐EC using a flow‐gated interface and a pyrolyzed photoresist film carbon electrode. This fabrication method enables the reuse of carbon electrodes on a glass substrate, while still maintaining a good seal between the PDMS and glass to allow for pressure‐driven MD flow. The on‐line MD‐ME‐EC device was characterized in vitro and in vivo for monitoring analytes in the dopamine metabolic pathway. The ultimate goal is to use this device and associated instrumentation to perform on‐animal, near‐real time in vivo monitoring of catecholamines.
Paramecium‐Like Iron Oxide Nanotubes as a Cost‐Efficient Catalyst for Nonaqueous Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zhang Ruihan , Zhao T. S. , Wu Maochun , Tan Peng , Jiang Haoran 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFe2O3‐based catalysts have been developed to achieve a low overpotential and a long cycle life for nonaqueous Li–O2 batteries. However, previous studies focus mainly on nanoparticles or nanoflakes, which have shown limited improvements for battery performance. Here, paramecium‐like Fe2O3 nanotubes (FNTs) are synthesized by a hard‐template method and applied as the catalyst in a nonaqueous Li–O2 battery. The large specific surface area and unique tubular structure of the FNTs allow the nonaqueous Li–O2 battery to deliver a high capacity of 6000 mAh g−1 at a discharge current density of 500 mA g−1 with a low discharge and charge overpotential of approximately 0.19 and 0.85 V, respectively. Moreover, the battery can be operated at a discharge current density as high as 1000 mA g−1 with a capacity of 3940 mAh g−1 and demonstrates an excellent rate capability. The prepared catalyst enables the battery to maintain the discharge capacity and Coulombic efficiency without any degradation for 150 cycles at 500 mA g−1 with a fixed capacity of 500 mAh g−1, which is 110 more cycles than the battery without the catalyst.
Progress and Trends in Magnesium‐Based Materials for Energy‐Storage Research: A Review
Authors: Shao Huaiyu , He Liqing , Lin Huaijun , Li Hai‐Wen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFor the realization of a hydrogen economy, one enabling technology is hydrogen storage. Magnesium‐based materials (MBMs) are very promising candidates for hydrogen storage due to the large hydrogen capacity and low cost. Challenges in the development of magnesium‐based hydrogen‐storage materials for various applications, particularly for onboard storage, are poor kinetics and unsuitable thermodynamics. Herein, new methods and techniques adopted by the researchers in this field are reviewed, with a focus on how different techniques could affect the hydrogen‐storage properties of MBMs, including kinetics and thermodynamics. Based on current progress, research trends in MBMs for various applications are introduced. Classical work from some pioneers, important milestones, and the latest development for these possible applications are summarized and future prospects in these fields are discussed.
Spatial and temporal replicability of meteoric and in situ10Be concentrations in fluvial sediment
Authors: Sosa Gonzalez Veronica , Schmidt Amanda H. , Bierman Paul R. , Rood Dylan H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCosmogenic isotopes, short‐lived radionuclides, elemental concentrations and thermochronometric indicators are measured in river sand to quantify erosion rates and trace sediment sources, and/or infer erosional processes. Interpretations of detrital sediment analyses are often based on the rarely tested assumption of time‐invariant tracer concentration. A better understanding of when and where this assumption breaks down and what sampling strategies minimize temporal and small‐scale spatial variance will improve science done using detrital river sediment.Here, we present new and previously published spatial and temporal replicates measured for in situ and meteoric 10Be (10Bei and 10Bem, respectively). Our new data include 113 replicate pairs, taken from agricultural and/or tectonically active watersheds in China months to millennia apart and spatial replicates taken up to 2 km apart on the same day. The mean percentage difference is 10% (−122% to 150%) for both systems considered together; the mode is close to 0% for both systems; and 36% of pairs of samples replicate within our analytical accuracy at 2σ. We find that 10Bei replicates better than 10Bem (p < 0.01). 10Bei replicability is worse in steeper basins, suggesting that stochastic processes (i.e. landslides) affect reproducibility. 10Bem replicability is worse in larger basins, suggesting non‐conservative behavior of 10Bem as sediment moves downstream.Our results are consistent with the few previously published replicate studies. Considering all replicate data in a wide range of landscapes, in areas with deep erosional processes, replicability is poor; in other areas, replicability is good. This suggests that, in steep, tectonically active, and/or agricultural landscapes, individual detrital sediment measurements do not represent upstream rates as well as larger populations of samples. To ensure that measurements are representative of the upstream watershed, our data suggest that samples be amalgamated either over time or from several places close by in the same channel. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localized reductions in resting‐state functional connectivity in children with prenatal alcohol exposure
Authors: Fan Jia , Taylor Paul A. , Jacobson Sandra W. , Molteno Christopher D. , Gohel Suril , Biswal Bharat B. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Meintjes Ernesta M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are characterized by impairment in cognitive function that may or may not be accompanied by craniofacial anomalies, microcephaly, and/or growth retardation. Resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI), which examines the low‐frequency component of the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in the absence of an explicit task, provides an efficient and powerful mechanism for studying functional brain networks even in low‐functioning and young subjects. Studies using independent component analysis (ICA) have identified a set of resting‐state networks (RSNs) that have been linked to distinct domains of cognitive and perceptual function, which are believed to reflect the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain. This study is the first to examine resting‐state functional connectivity within these RSNs in FASD. Rs‐fMRI scans were performed on 38 children with FASD (19 with either full fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or partial FAS (PFAS), 19 nonsyndromal heavily exposed (HE)), and 19 controls, mean age 11.3 ± 0.9 years, from the Cape Town Longitudinal Cohort. Nine resting‐state networks were generated by ICA. Voxelwise group comparison between a combined FAS/PFAS group and controls revealed localized dose‐dependent functional connectivity reductions in five regions in separate networks: anterior default mode, salience, ventral and dorsal attention, and R executive control. The former three also showed lower connectivity in the HE group. Gray matter connectivity deficits in four of the five networks appear to be related to deficits in white matter tracts that provide intra‐RSN connections. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5217–5233, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of PASL, PCASL, and background‐suppressed 3D PCASL in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Dolui Sudipto , Vidorreta Marta , Wang Ze , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Alavi Abass , Wolk David A. , Detre John A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe compared three implementations of single‐shot arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging: two‐dimensional (2D) pulsed ASL (PASL), 2D pseudocontinuous ASL (PCASL), and background‐suppressed (BS) 3D PCASL obtained in a cohort of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and elderly controls. Study subjects also underwent 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG PET). While BS 3D PCASL showed the lowest (P < 0.001) gray matter–white matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) contrast ratio, it provided the highest (P < 0.001) temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio. Mean relative CBF estimated using the PCASL methods in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), precuneus, and hippocampus showed hypoperfusion in the MCI cohort compared to the controls consistent with hypometabolism measured by 18F‐FDG PET. BS 3D PCASL demonstrated the highest discrimination between controls and patients with effect size comparable to that seen with 18F‐FDG PET. 2D PASL did not demonstrate group differentiation with relative CBF in any ROI, whereas 2D PCASL demonstrated significant differences only in PCC and hippocampus. Mean global CBF values did not differ across methods and were highly correlated; however, the correlations were significantly higher (P < 0.001) when either the same labeling (PCASL) or the same acquisition strategy (2D) was used as compared to when both the labeling and readout methods differed. In addition, there were differences in regional distribution of CBF between the three modalities, which can be attributed to differences in sequence parameters. These results demonstrate the superiority of ASL with PCASL and BS 3D readout as a biomarker for regional brain function changes in MCI. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5260–5273, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vector flow imaging techniques: An innovative ultrasonographic technique for the study of blood flow
Authors: Goddi Alfredo , Fanizza Marianna , Bortolotto Chandra , Raciti Maria Vittoria , Fiorina Ilaria , He Xujin , Du Yigang , Calliada Fabrizio 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTDoppler ultrasonography is routinely used to identify abnormal blood flow. Nevertheless, conventional Doppler can be used to determine only the axial component of blood flow velocity and is angle dependent. A new method of multidimensional angle‐independent estimation of flow velocity, called Vector Flow Imaging (VFI), has been proposed. It quantitatively evaluates the true velocity vector's amplitude and direction at any location into a vessel and displays a more intuitive depiction of the flow movements. High frame rate VFI, based on plane wave imaging, allows a detailed dynamic visualization of complex flow by showing even transient events, otherwise undetectable. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:582–588, 2017
Uncertainty in homogenized daily temperatures and derived indices of extremes illustrated using parallel observations in Canada
Authors: Vincent Lucie A. , Milewska Ewa J. , Wang Xiaolan L. , Hartwell Megan M. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTParallel daily temperature observations at site pairs over a 5‐year period at 88 locations across Canada were used to derive and validate adjustments required during homogenization process. The data was first ‘aligned’ for compatible observing times at 12 locations (other locations do not have this problem). Then the homogenization adjustments were obtained using three procedures (Seasonal Bias, Monthly Interpolation and Quantile Matching) and two approaches (using parallel and neighbours observations). The root mean squared error (RMSE) between the daily temperatures of site 1 and site 2, and the percentage of days within 0.5 °C (PD05) between site 1 and site 2 were used to assess the uncertainty in the mean and extreme values, respectively. The instruments were not necessarily collocated as the distance between the two observing sites varied from 0 to 30 km. The results confirm that it is necessary to apply adjustments for known issues first, such as a different observing time. They also show that when a shift between site 1 and site 2 (defined by the annual mean of the daily temperature differences) is small [<0.25 standard deviation (SD)], the adjustments do not reduce the error between site 1 and site 2. When the shift size is between 0.25 and 0.5 SD, the adjustments derived from parallel observations help to reduce the uncertainty. When the shift is large (>0.5 SD), both approaches reduce the error, although the adjustments derived from parallel observations provide better results as compared to those computed from neighbour observations. The results also indicate that Quantile Matching adjustments can provide a better estimate of the adjustments than the other methods evaluated to indices of extreme temperature computed from the adjusted daily values; however, highly correlated neighbours are needed when the adjustments are based on neighbours observations.
Non‐anthocyanin polyphenolic transformation by native yeast and bacteria co‐inoculation strategy during vinification
Authors: Devi Apramita , Archana Kodira Muthanna , Bhavya Panikuttria Kuttappa , Anu‐Appaiah Konerira Aiyappaa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDCo‐inoculation has been adapted by many wine‐producing countries because it enhances the success of malolactic fermentation and reduces the fermentation cost, as well as time. However, wine phenolics have been sparsely highlighted during co‐inoculation, even though polyphenols are an important parameter affecting wine colour, astringency and aroma. In the present study, we investigated the impact of co‐inoculation on non‐anthocyanin polyphenol profile for two different grape varieties.RESULTSCo‐inoculation of native yeast strain (AAV2) along with Oenococcus oeni was adapted for Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz wine. It was observed that the co‐inoculation had minimal yet significant impact on the phenolic composition of wines for both the grape varieties. Color loss, as well as fruity aroma development, was observed in co‐inoculated wines. The wines were on a par with the commercial wine, as well as wines without malolactic fermentation, in terms of phenolic compounds and overall organoleptic acceptance. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis further suggested that the varietal influence on phenolic composition was dominating compared to inoculation strategies. Among the varieties, the inoculation strategies have significantly influenced the Cabernet wines compared to Shiraz wines.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study demonstrate that the phenolic compounds are not drastically affected by metabolic activities of malolactic bacteria during co‐inoculation and, hence, are equally suitable for wine fermentation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of sucrose addition at dosage stage on the foam attributes of a bottle‐fermented English sparkling wine
Authors: Crumpton Mark , Rice Christopher J , Atkinson Andrew , Taylor Geoff , Marangon Matteo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDApproximately two‐thirds of wine produced in the UK is bottle‐fermented sparkling wine. Effervescence and foamability are key features used to assess English sparkling wine (ESW) quality. A critical, yet understudied, area of research is the potential for dosage to influence foam behaviour via associated changes in wine viscosity.RESULTSIn this study, dosage treatments of five increasing levels of sucrose (from 0 to 31 g L−1) were added to an ESW. After storage, the foamability attributes of the wines were analysed via an adapted Mosalux method and a novel image analysis method combined with free pour of the wine. Results indicate that increasing sucrose concentration improved foam formation, but reduced foam stability, likely due to the sucrose added causing a modification in wine viscosity.CONCLUSIONSThese results highlight the impact that dosage treatments can have on the quality of foam produced upon pouring, and therefore have the potential to inform future sparkling winemaking practices. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry