bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Decreases Inflammation and Differentially Impacts Phagocytosis and Cellular Metabolism in Mouse- and Human-derived Myeloid Cells
Authors: Benoit Rochelle Y , Zagrodnik Jennifer L , Carew Samantha J , Moore Craig S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a kinase expressed by various immune cells and is often activated under proinflammatory states. Although the majority of BTK-related research has historically focused on B cells, understanding the role of BTK in non-B cell populations is critical given myeloid cells also express BTK at comparable levels. In this study, we investigated and compared how BTK inhibition in human and murine myeloid cells alters cell phenotype and function. All experiments were performed using two BTK inhibitors (evobrutinib and tolebrutinib) that are currently in late-stage clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Assays were performed to assess the impact of BTK inhibition on cytokine and microRNA expression, phagocytic capacity, and cellular metabolism. In all cells, both evobrutinib and tolebrutinib significantly decreased phosphorylated BTK and LPS-induced cytokine release. BTK inhibition also significantly decreased the oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in myeloid cells, and significantly decreased phagocytosis in murine-derived cells, but not human macrophages. To further elucidate the mechanism, we also investigated the expression of microRNAs known to impact the function of myeloid cells. BTK inhibition resulted in an altered microRNA expression profile (i.e., decreased miR-155-5p and increased miR-223-3p), which is consistent with a decreased proinflammatory myeloid cell phenotype. In summary, these results provide further insights into the mechanism of action of BTK inhibitors in the context of immune-related diseases, while also highlighting important species-specific and cell-specific differences that should be considered when interpreting and comparing results between preclinical and human studies.
Evaluating the impact of polycythemia vera on retinal and optic nerve head microvascularity: An OCTA study
Authors: Cicek Meryem Feyza , Oba Turker , Ağın Abdullah , Ayer Mesut , Onder Feyza 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
This study aims to assess the impact of polycythemia vera (PV) on retinal and optic nerve head (ONH) vessel density (VD) parameters, macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) thickness, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness compared to healthy controls.

Methods:
Forty eyes of 20 patients with PV and 40 eyes of 20 age-gender-matched healthy controls underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic assessments and optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). RNFL and macular GCC measurements were obtained simultaneously with vascular parameters by AngioVue OCTA using the single-scan protocol. Peripapillary VD was examined across eight sectors, whereas parameters including RNFL, GCC, and macular VD were analyzed in four quadrants.

Results:
Patients with PV exhibited significant reductions in the average RNFL thickness (P = 0.014) and RNFL thickness in superior (P < 0.001) and inferior (P = 0.003) quadrants compared to controls. Additionally, mGCC thickness in all quadrants significantly reduced in the PV group (P < 0.001). ONH VD parameters, including whole-image VD (P < 0.001) and peripapillary VD (P < 0.001), were significantly reduced in patients with PV. Similarly, macular VD parameters were significantly lower in the PV group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This study highlights substantial vascular and structural alterations in the retina and ONH of patients with PV compared to healthy controls. These changes likely stem from microvascular dysfunction associated with PV. These findings suggest further research to understand the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted therapeutic strategies for managing ocular complications in patients with PV.
Comparison of reactivation between ranibizumab and bevacizumab in aggressive retinopathy of prematurity: A retrospective case series
Authors: Gangwe Anil Babanrao , Ekumankama Chibuzo B , Singh Abhishek , Parchand Swapnil Madhukar , Agrawal Deepshikha , Azad Raj Vardhan 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To compare the incidence, type, interval for reactivation, and structural outcomes in infants with aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (A-ROP) treated with ranibizumab or bevacizumab.

Method:
It is a single-center, retrospective, consecutive, case series. We included infants with A-ROP which were initially treated with either intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR, 0.25 mg) or intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB, 0.625 mg) between January 2017 and December 2023. The infants were followed up for reactivation. The demographic and clinical data were collected. The time, zone, type of reactivation, its treatment, type of final structural outcome, and factors associated with reactivation were analyzed.

Results:
One hundred eight among the 322 infants with A-ROP were included in the study. Fifty-five received IVR, while 53 received IVB. Infants treated with IVR had higher incidence of reactivation (92.7% vs 52.8%, P < 0.001) at an earlier interval than IVB (7.7 weeks vs 12.8 weeks, P < 0.001). Infants treated with IVR had approximately 3.3 times higher possibility of reactivation than those treated with IVB. Three infants (5.9%) in the IVR group and five (9.4%) in the IVB group attained complete vascularization of the retina (P = 0.72). More infants treated with IVB had regression with a persistent avascular retina (PAR) than IVR (52.8% vs 15.7%, P < 0.001). Infants in the IVB group had 10 times higher possibility of regression with PAR.

Conclusion:
Infants of A-ROP treated with IVR have a higher incidence and earlier reactivation, while those treated with IVB have less incidence and delayed reactivation, albeit with a higher possibility of regression with a PAR.
Long-term follow-up after lens-sparing vitrectomy for complications of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Gopal Lingam , Bhende Pramod , Rao Chetan , Sen Parveen , Sharma Tarun , Dasgupta Debarati 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To report the long-term anatomical and functional results of lens-sparing vitrectomy (LSV) for stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Design:
Retrospective study.

Methods:
This is a study of 23 eyes of 16 patients with stage 4 ROP who underwent lens-sparing vitrectomy at a tertiary care center and had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. The main outcome measures are the retinal status and visual outcome at the final follow-up.

Results:
After a mean follow-up of 7.36 years, the lenses remained clear in 69.57%; anatomical success in terms of the attached retina was achieved in 19/23 eyes (82.61%) and vision of ≥6/24 was achieved in 8/23 eyes (34.78%), whereas navigational vision (≥1/60) was achieved in 16/23 (69.56%). The mean spherical equivalent was −8.50 + 6.39 diopters. High myopia (≥7 dsph) was noted in 43.47% of patients. The severity of myopia was not related to previous lasers and was less severe in eyes with posterior pole residual folds compared to normalized fundus or eyes with macular drag but no fold. At the final follow-up, 3/16 (18.75%) patients had bilateral blindness due to total retinal detachments and 11/16 (68.75%) had recorded functional vision in one or both eyes, whereas two others could potentially be having vision but could not be evaluated.

Conclusions:
The long-term results of lens-sparing vitrectomy for stage 4 ROP are favorable with a majority retaining clear lenses and attached retina and two-thirds having functional vision.
Diurnal changes of corneal epithelial and stromal thickness maps and visual quality in mild form of Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy
Authors: Krolo Iva , Bećirević Aida Kasumović , Radman Ivana , Kasumović Armin , Matoc Ines , Guarro Idoia Goñi , Sabol Ivan 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To investigate the functional and structural daily variations in eyes with a mild form of Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).

Methods:
This prospective study included 30 eyes with the mild form of FECD. Subjects underwent functional and structural testing at 8 AM, 2 PM, and 8 PM. Testing included measurement of uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best corrected twilight vision (TV), and contrast sensitivity function (CSF) testing (Vista Vision Far-Pola, DMD MedTech charts). Corneal epithelial and stromal parameters were evaluated with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AngioVue, AvantiRTVue-XR; Optovue, CA, USA).

Results:
UDVA, TV, and CSF for spatial frequencies B, C, and F showed significant changes during the day, with the lowest values in the morning (P < 0.0001 for UDVA, P = 0.0109 for TV, and P < 0.0001, P = 0.0126, and P = 0.0471 for the three spatial frequencies, respectively). There was no significant change in epithelial parameters between visits. Central corneal thickness showed significant decrease during the day (P < 0.0001), as did the central stromal thickness on the 5- and 7-mm maps (P = 0.0002 and P < 0.0001, respectively), stromal thickness in the superior section of the 5-mm map (P = 0.0107), stromal thickness in the inferior section of the 7-mm map (P = 0.0002), and minimal stromal thickness on both maps (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
A significant negative correlation was found between central stromal thickness and TV, implying that simultaneous evaluation of corneal layers and visual quality may be useful in assessing FECD.
The impact of hydroxybutyl chitosan and 5-fluorouracil on the procedure of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Lin Jia Qi , Zhao Jin , Liu Xun , Pazo Emmanuel Eric , Wang Qing , Zhu Li , Lin Ting 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To investigate the effects of hydroxybutyl chitosan (HBCS) with and without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) during endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (Endo-DCR). In addition, the present study observed the impact of HBCS and 5-FU on the functions of the nasal mucosal cell population in vivo.

Methods:
Patients were randomized into HBCS (group A), HBCS combined with 5-FU (group B), and gelatin sponge control group (group C). 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology examined the conjunctival sac and nasal flora changes. In addition, CCK8, cell scratching, and flow cytometry were used to investigate the effects of HBCS and 5-FU on the nasal mucosal cell populations.

Results:
Subjects in groups A, B, and C had anastomotic areas of 21.83 ± 12.69 mm2, 21.57 ± 14.53 mm2, and 12.45 ± 8.16 mm2, respectively (P = 0.0359). Group A had less severe epiphora than the other two groups at 1-, 2-, and 12-week postoperative follow-up (P < 0.05). Complications around the anastomosis in group A were the least severe of the three groups (P = 0.0259). After surgery, the proportion of pathogenic bacteria in the conjunctival sac and nasal cavity was higher in groups A and B than in healthy adults. At the 2-week follow-up, the structure of nasal flora in group A was more similar to that of the healthy adults compared to group B.

Conclusion:
Intraoperative use of HBCS at the anastomose improves the postoperative outcome of En-DCR. 5-FU cannot give better postoperative results in En-DCR and is detrimental to the normalization of the postoperative flora in patients with chronic dacryocystitis. At the cellular level, both HBCS and 5-FU inhibit the migration of nasal mucosal cell populations, and 5-FU inhibits proliferation but does not promote apoptosis.
Diaphragmatic Injuries in Patients with Penetrating Thoracoabdominal Injuries without Shock or Acute Abdomen at Admission
Authors: González-Muñoz Alejandro , González Laura Otálora , Pinzón María Paula Fontecha , Cadavid Angela Cristina Ríos , Herrera Cristina Judith Padilla , Monroy Danny Michell Conde , Rodríguez-Narváez José Gabriel , Lima David Rene Rodriguez 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries (PTAIs) are associated with diaphragmatic injuries and subsequent complications. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of diaphragmatic injuries in patients with PTAI without signs of shock or acute abdomen at admission.

Methods:
A cross-sectional, single-centered study was conducted in Bogotá, Colombia. The study included all patients with PTAI who underwent surgical exploration and were admitted without signs of shock or acute abdomen, between January 2019 and August 2021. Indications for surgical exploration included presence of left thoracoabdominal wound, hemo- or pneumothorax in presurgical imaging, abdominal pain, hypotension, or anemia.

Results:
A total of 284 patients were included in the final analysis. The median age was 29 years (interquartile range: 22–33), with 269 (94.7%) patients being males. Out of these, 268 (94.3%) patients experienced stabbing as the mechanism of injury. The prevalence of diaphragmatic injuries diagnosed during surgical exploration was 15.1% (43 patients). There were 183 patients with left-sided PTAI and 115 patients with right-sided PTAI. The prevalence of the right diaphragmatic injury was 25.2% (29 patients), while for left diaphragmatic injury, it was 8.1% (15 patients). Only one patient presented with bilateral diaphragmatic injury.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of diaphragmatic injuries in patients with PTAI, without signs of shock or acute abdomen upon admission, was 15.1%. However, the prevalence was 25.2% in the right PTAI and 8.1% in the left PTAI. These findings suggest that surgical exploration of the diaphragm in cases of PTAI should be performed regardless of the side of the wound.
Role of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Assessment of Lateral Wall Thickness of Maxillary Sinus in Posterior Edentulous Maxilla
Authors: Giri Debanti , Lalrawngbawli F. , Giri Tapan K. , Biswas Debabrata , Banerjee Saurav , Banerjee Tridib N. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To use Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the lateral wall thickness (LWT) of the maxillary sinus in the posterior edentulous maxilla, as well as the effect of ridge height (RH), edentulous region, type of edentulism (Complete and partial), age, and gender, for the placement of dental implants.

Materials and Methods:
To conduct this cross-sectional study, A CBCT scan of 60 patients of different age groups was taken for analysis. Each parameter was evaluated at the edentulous sites in the premolar and molar regions due to missing one or more posterior teeth at four levels from sinus floor 3, 7, 10, and 15 mm with residual RH less than 10 mm. Data were analyzed using Friedman’s ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. Bootstrapped linear regression was performed to assess the influence of various variables on LWT.

Results:
LWT increased from 3 mm to 15 mm in all teeth except the first premolar region, with significant differences (P < 0.01). LWT was generally lower in premolars and higher in molars. Age, gender, and RH did not predict LWT (P > 0.05), However, the type of edentulism significantly predicted LWT. (P = 0.005).

Conclusion:
CBCT scans are recommended before sinus surgeries due to anatomical variations.
A Study on Patient Satisfaction and Prevalence of Complication on Surgical Extraction of Third Molar
Authors: Qurishi Ahtesham Ahmad , Bajonaid Amal , Mugri Maryam H. , Homeida Husham E. , Dawod Ogail Yousif , Alhijji Haider Hussain , Dayili Albaraa Abeid 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The surgical extraction of third molars is a common procedure often accompanied by various complications. This study evaluates patient satisfaction and the prevalence of complications to identify factors influencing postoperative outcomes.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 62 patients who underwent third molar extraction. Data on demographics, complications, and patient satisfaction were collected through medical records and structured questionnaires. Complications were assessed at 1 week and 1 month post surgery, and satisfaction was measured using a 5-point Likert scale.

Results:
The most common complications were pain (32.3%) and swelling (24.2%). Despite these issues, patient satisfaction scores were high, with pain management, communication, recovery experience, and overall satisfaction averaging above 4.0 on a 5-point scale. Severe complications such as nerve injury (4.8%) and trismus (8.1%) were less frequent.

Conclusion:
While minor complications are prevalent, effective pain management and communication contribute to high patient satisfaction following third molar extractions. Continued efforts to minimize complications can further improve patient outcomes and satisfaction.
Incidence and Pathological Analysis of Parasitic Infections in Underserved Communities
Authors: Raval Abhishek , Jadav Manan , Gohil Ritesh , Vora Maulik 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Parasitic infections remain a significant public health concern, particularly in underserved communities where access to healthcare and sanitation is limited. This study aims to investigate the incidence and pathological characteristics of parasitic infections in such communities, providing insights into the prevalence and impact of these infections on public health.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in underserved communities over a period of one year. A total of 500 participants were randomly selected and screened for parasitic infections through stool and blood samples. The samples were analyzed using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to identify and quantify parasitic species. Pathological examinations were performed to assess the impact of infections on host tissues.

Results:
The incidence of parasitic infections was found to be 35% among the study population. The most common parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (40%), Giardia lamblia (25%), and Entamoeba histolytica (20%). Pathological analysis revealed that Ascaris lumbricoides caused significant intestinal inflammation in 30% of infected individuals, while Giardia lamblia was associated with malabsorption syndrome in 15% of cases. Entamoeba histolytica was linked to liver abscesses in 10% of the infected participants.

Conclusion:
Parasitic infections are highly prevalent in underserved communities, with significant pathological impacts on affected individuals.
Bathing trunk nevus encased in tumorous growth on body − an eccentric entity!
Authors: Sushantika  
Published: September 2024

Giant melanocytic nevoid lesions, over 20 cm in diameter, are referred to as ‘bathing trunk nevi’ or ‘giant congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN)’, and have an incidence of 1 in 2,00,000 to 1 in 5,00,000 neonates. Diffuse lipomatosis, von-Recklinghausen’s disease, neurocutaneous melanosis and malignant melanoma are a few serious pathologies that are sometimes linked to these lesions. They begin as dark brown to black patches with a smooth or rugose surface, hair-covered, clearly defined boundaries and frequently associated sporadic satellite lesions.
Between the 5th and 25th week of pregnancy, melanocytes of neuroectodermal origin may accumulate ectopically and cause these lesions. A multitude of histological elements, such as neuronal, lipomatous or any other, may be linked to giant CMN. The fact that these lesions are a progeny of pluripotent stem cells, which have the ability to develop into a variety of cell types, justifies this finding. Patients and their families have severe aesthetic and psychological concerns about these enormous pigmented nevi.
Characteristics and outcomes of reversible platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome in COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Tham Shuen-Loong , Lee Audrey Jia Yi , Tan Koh Kuan Cheryl , Seng Alfred Wai Ping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is an uncommon clinical entity characterised by dyspnoea and platypnoea (oxygen desaturation that follows the assumption of an upright position from recumbency). Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, increasing reports of COVID-19-related POS and its associated morbidity have been reported around the world. We aimed to study the characteristics of COVID-19-related POS and orthodeoxia (including associations leading to a more prolonged orthodeoxia), and the postdischarge functional outcomes of patients with COVID-19-related POS.

Methods:
An observational cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital that managed post-COVID-19 patients. Twenty-four participants with severe-to-critical COVID-19 disease/pneumonia and POS, who received inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation, were enrolled. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed to describe POS/orthodeoxia characteristics and functional outcomes in these participants. Correlation analyses were carried out to identify significant factors associated with a prolonged orthodeoxia.

Results:
The mean duration of POS and orthodeoxia was 12.9 ± 8.3 days and 28.5 ± 14.6 days, respectively. All participants demonstrated resolution of POS and orthodeoxia by hospital discharge. On multivariable analysis, intensive care unit admission and maximal level of respiratory support were significantly associated with a prolonged duration of orthodeoxia. One participant was lost to follow-up. The remaining 23 participants achieved independence in self-care. With the exception of one patient, who was recovering from a hip fracture, the rest achieved independence in ambulation and independent community access.

Conclusion:
Resolution of orthodeoxia was observed in all our participants with COVID-19-related POS. Good functional outcome can be attained with timely and effective rehabilitation interventions.
Who Can Be Discharged Early? Factors Affecting the Length of Hospital Stay Post-thyroidectomy
Authors: Rammal Almoaidbellah , Alghaithi Sarah , Shaheen Abdulaziz , Alharbi Lama , Zuhairy Abdullah , Ashi Moheb , Alsomali Asim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Thyroidectomy is the most common head-and-neck surgical procedure, generally considered a safe procedure in experienced hands. However, complications following thyroid surgery may occur. Despite its prevalence, there is a lack of studies in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia, on factors affecting the length of hospital stay (LHS) postthyroidectomy.

Study Aim:
This study aims to determine the factors that increase the LHS postthyroidectomy in a tertiary care center.

Subjects and Methods:
This retrospective study included 792 patients aged 18 and above who underwent thyroidectomy at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from 2012 to 2022. Data from medical records were analyzed using Chi-squared, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman’s tests.

Results:
The mean age of studied patients was 43.03 years, the majority of which were female (84.5%). The mean LHS was 3 days. Factors associated with prolonged LHS were: older age (mean 45 years), hypertensive female patients, chronic corticosteroids use, lower preoperative platelet, hematocrit, and calcium levels, as well as reduced postoperative parathyroid hormone and calcium levels, patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, and patients who had papillary carcinoma (P < 0.05). In addition, postoperative complications such as hypoparathyroidism, tracheal injury, hematoma, and infections had longer LHS (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:
While early discharge after thyroid surgery may be safe in certain cases, our findings suggest several factors influencing hospital stay duration. Patients presenting with these factors should be carefully evaluated to ensure optimal patient care.