bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetazolamide Therapy for Metabolic Alkalosis in Pediatric Intensive Care Patients*
Authors: López Carolina , Alcaraz Andrés José , Toledo Blanca , Cortejoso Lucía , Gil-Ruiz Maite Augusta 
Published: September 2016

Objective:
Patients in PICUs frequently present hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis secondary to loop diuretic treatment, especially those undergoing cardiac surgery. This study evaluates the effectiveness of acetazolamide therapy for metabolic alkalosis in PICU patients.

Design:
Retrospective, observational study.

Setting:
A tertiary care children’s hospital PICU.

Patients:
Children receiving at least a 2-day course of enteral acetazolamide.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Demographic variables, diuretic treatment and doses of acetazolamide, urine output, serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine, acid-base excess, pH, and use of mechanical ventilation during treatment were collected. Patients were studied according to their pathology (postoperative cardiac surgery, decompensated heart failure, or respiratory disease). A total of 78 episodes in 58 patients were identified: 48 were carried out in cardiac postoperative patients, 22 in decompensated heart failure, and eight in respiratory patients. All patients received loop diuretics. A decrease in pH and Pco
2 in the first 72 hours, a decrease in serum Hco
3
– (mean, 4.65 ± 4.83; p < 0.001), and an increase in anion gap values were observed. Urine output increased in cardiac postoperative patients (4.5 ± 2.2 vs 5.1 ± 2.0; p = 0.020), whereas diuretic treatment was reduced in cardiac patients. There was no significant difference in serum electrolytes, blood urea, creatinine, nor chloride after the administration of acetazolamide from baseline. Acetazolamide treatment was well tolerated in all patients.

Conclusions:
Acetazolamide decreases serum Hco
3
– and Pco
2 in PICU cardiac patients with metabolic alkalosis secondary to diuretic therapy. Cardiac postoperative patients present a significant increase in urine output after acetazolamide treatment.
Crowdsourcing as a Novel Method to Evaluate Aesthetic Outcomes of Treatment for Unilateral Cleft Lip
Authors: Tse Raymond W. , Oh Eugene , Gruss Joseph S. , Hopper Richard A. , Birgfeld Craig B. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Lack of convenient and reliable methods to grade aesthetic outcomes limits the ability to study results and optimize treatment of unilateral cleft lip. Crowdsourcing methods solicit contributions from a large group to achieve a greater task. The authors hypothesized that crowdsourcing could be used to reliably grade aesthetic outcomes of unilateral cleft lip.

Methods:
Fifty deidentified photographs of 8- to 10-year-old subjects (46 with unilateral cleft lip and four controls) were assembled. Outcomes were assessed using multiple pairwise comparisons that produced a rank order (Elo rank) of nasal appearance and, on a separate survey, by Asher-McDade ratings. Both surveys were repeated to assess reliability. A group of expert surgeons repeated the same tasks on a smaller subset of photographs.

Results:
The authors obtained 2500 and 1900 anonymous, layperson evaluations by means of crowdsourcing on each Elo rank and Asher-McDade survey, respectively. Elo rank and Asher-McDade scores were highly reproducible (correlation coefficients, 0.87 and 0.98), and crowd evaluations agreed with those by expert surgeons (0.980 and 0.96 for Elo rank and Asher-McDade score, respectively). Crowdsourcing surveys were completed within 9 hours, whereas the expert surgeons required 3 months. On further analysis of their cleft subject sample set, the authors found that greater initial cleft severity was associated with worse aesthetic outcome.

Conclusions:
Outcomes assessed by crowds were reliable and correlated well with expert assessments. Crowdsourcing allows acquisition of massive numbers of layperson assessments on an unprecedented scale, and is a convenient, rapid, and reliable means of assessing aesthetic outcome of treatment for unilateral cleft lip.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Diagnostic, IV.
Systematic Review of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) for Postoperative Analgesia
Authors: Vyas Krishna S. , Rajendran Sibi , Morrison Shane D. , Shakir Afaaf , Mardini Samir , Lemaine Valerie , Nahabedian Maurice Y. , Baker Stephen B. , Rinker Brian D. , Vasconez Henry C. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Management of postoperative pain often requires multimodal approaches. Suboptimal dosages of current therapies can leave patients experiencing periods of insufficient analgesia, often requiring rescue therapy. With absence of a validated and standardized approach to pain management, further refinement of treatment protocols and targeted therapeutics is needed. Liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel) is a longer acting form of traditional bupivacaine that delivers the drug by means of a multivesicular liposomal system. The effectiveness of liposomal bupivacaine has not been systematically analyzed relative to conventional treatments in plastic surgery.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search of the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases was conducted for studies published through October of 2015 with search terms related to liposomal bupivacaine and filtered for relevance to postoperative pain control in plastic surgery. Data on techniques, outcomes, complications, and patient satisfaction were collected.

Results:
A total of eight articles were selected and reviewed from 160 identified. Articles covered a variety of techniques using liposomal bupivacaine for postoperative pain management. Four hundred five patients underwent procedures (including breast reconstruction, augmentation mammaplasty, abdominal wall reconstruction, mastectomy, and abdominoplasty) where pain was managed with liposomal bupivacaine and compared with those receiving traditional pain management. Liposomal bupivacaine use showed adequate safety and tolerability and, compared to traditional protocols, was equivalent or more effective in postoperative pain management.

Conclusion:
Liposomal bupivacaine is a safe method for postoperative pain control in the setting of plastic surgery and may represent an alternative to more invasive pain management systems such as patient-controlled analgesia, epidurals, peripheral nerve catheters, or intravenous narcotics.
“No-Touch” Technique for Lip Enhancement
Authors: Surek Christopher C. , Guisantes Eva , Schnarr Kenna , Jelks Glenn , Beut Javier 
Published: September 2016

Background:
The purpose of this study was to examine the anatomical principles of lip structure as they relate to individualized lip enhancement procedures and to describe a technique that does not violate lip mucosa during injection.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing lip enhancement procedures between 2001 and 2014 was performed. Preprocedural and postprocedural photographs were analyzed for lip subunit changes. A stepwise treatment algorithm targeting specific anatomical subunits of lip is described.

Results:
Four hundred ten patients were treated with a “no-touch” technique for lip enhancement. Lip profile is determined by the position of the white roll. The white roll is accessed by a 30-gauge needle at a point 5 mm lateral to the oral commissure and at the base of the philtral columns. Lip projection is established by vermilion formation contributing to the arc of the Cupid’s bow. To improve projection, the labial commissure is entered with a 25-gauge cannula and tunneled into the submucosal space between the white and red rolls. Lip augmentation is a direct reflection of the prominence of the red line and can be approached in a perpendicular fashion with a needle or cannula descending to the level of the wet-dry junction.

Conclusions:
Accurate assessment of the white and red rolls, arc of Cupid’s bow, philtrum, and gingival show can guide the injector on the proper enhancement that individual patients require. The no-touch technique minimizes mucosal trauma. Tailoring treatment toward lip profile, projection, and/or augmentation can yield predictable and reproducible outcomes in this commonly performed cosmetic procedure.
Modeling of axonal endoplasmic reticulum network by spastic paraplegia proteins
Authors: Yalçın Belgin , Zhao Lu , Stofanko Martin , O’Sullivan Niamh C , Kang Zi Han , Roost Annika , Thomas Matthew R. , Zaessinger Sophie , Blard Olivier , Patto Alex L. , Baena Valentina , Terasaki Mark , O’Kane Cahir J 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAxons contain an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network that is largely smooth and tubular, thought to be continuous with ER throughout the neuron, and distinct in form and function from rough ER; the mechanisms that form this continuous network in axons are not well understood. Mutations affecting proteins of the reticulon or REEP families, which contain intramembrane hairpin domains that can model ER membranes, cause an axon degenerative disease, hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Here, we show that these proteins are required for modeling the axonal ER network inDrosophila. Loss of reticulon or REEP proteins can lead to expansion of ER sheets, and to partial loss of ER from distal motor axons. Ultrastructural analysis reveals an extensive ER network in every axon of peripheral nerves, which is reduced in larvae that lack reticulon and REEP proteins, with defects including larger and fewer tubules, and occasional gaps in the ER network, consistent with loss of membrane curvature. Therefore HSP hairpin-containing proteins are required for shaping and continuity of the axonal ER network, suggesting an important role for ER modeling in axon maintenance and function.
Demystifying excessively volatile human learning: A Bayesian persistent prior and a neural approximation
Authors: Ryali Chaitanya K. , Reddy Gautam , Yu Angela J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how humans and animals learn about statistical regularities in stable and volatile environments, and utilize these regularities to make predictions and decisions, is an important problem in neuroscience and psychology. Using a Bayesian modeling framework, specifically the Dynamic Belief Model (DBM), it has previously been shown that humans tend to make thedefaultassumption that environmental statistics undergo abrupt, unsignaled changes, even when environmental statistics are actually stable. Because exact Bayesian inference in this setting, an example of switching state space models, is computationally intensive, a number of approximately Bayesian and heuristic algorithms have been proposed to account for learning/prediction in the brain. Here, we examine a neurally plausible algorithm, a special case of leaky integration dynamics we denote as EXP (for exponential filtering), that is significantly simpler than all previously suggested algorithms except for the delta-learning rule, and which far outperforms the delta rule in approximating Bayesian prediction performance. We derive the theoretical relationship between DBM and EXP, and show that EXP gains computational efficiency by foregoing the representation of inferential uncertainty (as does the delta rule), but that it nevertheless achieves near-Bayesian performance due to its ability to incorporate a “persistent prior” influence unique to DBM and absent from the other algorithms. Furthermore, we show that EXP is comparable to DBM but better than all other models in reproducing human behavior in a visual search task, suggesting that human learning and prediction also incorporates an element of persistent prior. More broadly, our work demonstrates that when observations are information-poor, detecting changes or modulating the learning rate is bothdifficultand (thus)unnecessaryfor making Bayes-optimal predictions.
When the Good Guy Becomes the Bad Boy: Social Information Modulates the Neural, Physiological and Subjective Responses to Emotional Facial Expressions
Authors: Mermillod Martial , Grynberg Delphine , Rychlowska Magdalena , Vermeulen Nicolas , Niedenthal Paula M. , Beffara Brice , Lopez Léo , Droit-Volet Sylvie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn the past decade, different studies have suggested that high-order factors could influence the perceptual processing of emotional stimuli. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of congruent vs. incongruent social information (positive, negative or no information related to the character of the target) on subjective (perceived and felt valence and arousal), physiological (facial mimicry) as well as on neural (P100 and N170) responses to dynamic emotoional facial expressions (EFE) that varied from neutral to one of the six basic emotions. Across three studies, the results showed (1) reduced valence and arousal evaluation of EFE when associated with incongruent social information (Study 1), (2) increased electromyographical responses (Study 2) and significant modulation of P100 and N170 components (Study 3) when EFE were associated with social (positive and negative) information (vs. no information). These studies revealed that positive or negative social information reduced subjective responses to incongruent EFE and produces a similar neural and physiological boost of the early perceptual processing of EFE irrespective of their congruency. In conclusion, this study suggested that social context (positive or negative) enhances the necessity to be alert to any subsequent cues.
Myosin II controls junction fluctuations to guide epithelial tissue ordering
Authors: Curran Scott , Strandkvist Charlotte , Bathmann Jasper , Gennes Marc de , Kabla Alexandre , Salbreux Guillaume , Baum Buzz 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHomophilic interactions between E-Cadherin molecules generate adhesive interfaces or junctions (AJs) that connect neighbouring cells in epithelial monolayers. These are highly dynamic structures. Under conditions of homeostasis, changes in the length of individual interfaces provide epithelia with the fluidity required to maintain tissue integrity in the face of cell division, delamination and extrinsic forces. Furthermore, when acted upon by polarized actomyosin-based forces, changes in AJ length can also drive neighbour exchange to reshape an entire tissue. Whilst the contribution of AJ remodelling to developmental morphogenesis has been subjected to intensive study, less is known about AJ dynamics in other circumstances. Here, using a combination of experiment and computational modelling, we study AJ dynamics in an epithelium that undergoes a gradual increase in packing order without concomitant large-scale changes in tissue shape or size. Under these conditions, we find that neighbour exchange events are driven by stochastic fluctuations in junction length, which are regulated at least in part by the level of junctional actomyosin. As a result of this behaviour, the steady increase in junctional actomyosin and consequent tension that accompanies development steadily reduces the rate of neighbour exchange and orders the tissue. This leads us to propose a model in which topological transitions, that underpin tissue fluidity, are either inhibited or biased by actomyosin-based forces, to drive, respectively, tissue ordering or deformation.
Consuming the Korean: memetic kitschization of unorthodox aesthetics in Gangnam Style
Authors: Hong Soonkwan , Kim Chang-Ho 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to unpack an Asian-born celebrity culture in which celebrities become everyday necessities for global consumers’ identity struggle, prototypes for global branding strategy, contents for the media industry, and agents for sociocultural transformation.

Design/methodology/approach
In order to better elucidate such a significant phenomenon, the authors also introduce two mostly palpable and more relevant domains of celebrity culture to global consumer culture literature − politics of aesthetics and memetics − as analytical tools. Observations and publicly available narratives are also incorporated to enhance the review and critique of the global celebrification process. Psy’s Gangnam Style (GS) is chosen as an archetype, due to its exceptionally vulgar but highly replicable nature.

Findings
The specific case of GS exposes three unique qualities of kitsch − exaggeration, disconcertment, and subversive sensibility − that are substantially commensurate with prototypical characteristics of globalized online memes − ordinariness, flawed masculinity, theatricality, and ludic agency. Polysemy and optimism also facilitate the celebrification process in global participatory culture.

Research limitations/implications
The “radical intertextuality” of online memes sustains the participatory culture in which kitsch becomes a global icon through a reproductive process. Korean popular culture cultivates reverse cosmopolitanism through a nationalistic self-orientalization strategy that paradoxically indigenizes western pop-culture and transforms power relations in global pop culture.

Originality/value
This paper presents further elaboration of current discourses on global-celebrity culture by incorporating popular concepts and practices, such as kitsch, meme, parody, and sharing, which synergistically advance aesthetic liberation on a global scale.
Application of TODIM (Tomada de Decisión Inerativa Multicritero) for industrial robot selection
Authors: Sen Dilip Kumar , Datta Saurav , Mahapatra S.S. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
Robot selection is a critical decision-making task frequently experienced in almost every industries. It has become increasingly complex due to availability of large variety of robotic system in the present market with varying configuration, specification and flexibility. Improper selection may yield loss for the company in terms of potential profit as well as productivity. Hence, selection of an appropriate robot to suit a particular industrial application is definitely a challenging task. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
During robot selection, different criteria-attributes need to be taken under consideration. Criteria may be subjective or objective or a combination of both, depending on the situation. Criteria many be conflicting, in the sense that some criteria may require to be of higher value (higher-is-better), i.e. beneficial; while, others should correspond to lower values (lower-is-better), i.e. adverse or non-beneficial. Hence, the situation can be articulated as a multi-criteria decision-making problem. The specialty of Tomada de Decisión Inerativa Multicritero (TODIM) method is that it explores a global measurement of value calculable by the application of the paradigm of non-linear cumulative prospect theory. The method is based on a description, proved by empirical evidence, of how decision makers’ effectively make decisions in the face of risk.

Findings
Hence, the present work has aimed to explore the TODIM approach for industrial robot selection. Assuming all criteria have been quantitative in nature; the paper utilizes two different numeric data sets from available literature resource in perspectives of robot selection. Procedural hierarchy and application potential of the TODIM approach has been illustrated in detail in this reporting.

Originality/value
Variety of tools and techniques have already been documented in literature to solve different kinds of industrial decision-making problems; however, it seems that application of TODIM has got limited usage. Hence, application potential of TODIM has been demonstrated here in light of a robot selection problem.
ANN based investigations of reliabilities of the models for concrete under triaxial compression
Authors: Öztekin Ertekin 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
A lot of triaxial compressive models for different concrete types and different concrete strength classes were proposed to be used in structural analyses. The existence of so many models creates conflicts and confusions during the selection of the models. In this study, reliability analyses were carried out to prevent such conflicts and confusions and to determine the most reliable model for normal- and high-strength concrete (NSC and HSC) under combined triaxial compressions. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
An analytical model was proposed to estimate the strength of NSC and HSC under different triaxial loadings. After verifying the validity of the model by making comparisons with the models in the literature, reliabilities of all models were investigated. The Monte Carlo simulation method was used in the reliability studies. Artificial experimental data required for the Monte Carlo simulation method were generated by using artificial neural networks.

Findings
The validity of the proposed model was verified. Reliability indexes of triaxial compressive models were obtained for the limit states, different concrete strengths and different lateral compressions. Finally, the reliability indexes were tabulated to be able to choose the best model for NSC and HSC under different triaxial compressions.

Research limitations/implications
Concrete compressive strength and lateral compression were taken as variables in the model.

Practical implications
The reliability indexes were tabulated to be able to choose the best model for NSC and HSC under different triaxial compressions.

Originality/value
A new analytical model was proposed to estimate the strength of NSC and HSC under different triaxial loadings. Reliability indexes of triaxial compressive models were obtained for the limit states, different concrete strengths and different lateral compressions. Artificial experimental data were obtained by using artificial neural networks. Four different artificial neural networks were developed to generate artificial experimental data. They can also be used in the estimations of the strength of NSC and HSC under different triaxial loadings.
Tangential inlet cyclone separators with low solid loading
Authors: Amirante Riccardo , Tamburrano Paolo 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose an effective methodology for the industrial design of tangential inlet cyclone separators that is based on the fully three-dimensional (3D) simulation of the flow field within the cyclone coupled with an effective genetic algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed fully 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model makes use of the Reynold stress model for the accurate prediction of turbulence, while the particle trajectories are simulated using the one-way coupling discrete phase, which is a model particularly effective in case of low concentration of dust. To validate the CFD model, the numerical predictions are compared with experimental data available in the scientific literature. Eight design parameters were chosen, with the two objectives being the minimization of the pressure drop and the maximization of the collection efficiency.

Findings
The optimization procedure allows the determination of the Pareto Front, which represents the set of the best geometries and can be instrumental in taking an optimal decision in the presence of such a trade-off between the two conflicting objectives. The comparison among the individuals belonging to the Pareto Front with a more standard cyclone geometry shows that such a CFD global search is very effective.

Practical implications
The proposed procedure is tested for specific values of the operating conditions; however, it has general validity and can be used in place of typical procedures based on empirical models or engineers’ experience for the industrial design of tangential inlet cyclone separators with low solid loading.

Originality/value
Such an optimization process has never been proposed before for the design of cyclone separators; it has been developed with the aim of being both highly accurate and compatible with the industrial design time.