bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of the seasonal dynamics of ecosystem components in fluctuating indirect interactions on a rocky shore
Authors: Wada Yoko , Iwasaki Keiji , Ida Takashi Y. , Yusa Yoichi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAccurately evaluating the strengths of direct (i.e., consumptive and non‐consumptive) effects and indirect (density‐ and trait‐mediated) interactions is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of the maintenance and dynamics of an ecosystem. However, an in situ evaluation has not been conducted for a long enough period of time to fully consider the seasonality and life histories of the community components. We conducted a 9‐month (from summer to spring) field experiment in an intertidal rocky shore ecosystem involving the carnivorous snail, Thais clavigera, its prey, the limpet Siphonaria sirius, and their resources, the cyanobacterium (blue‐green alga) Lithoderma sp. and the green algae Ulva spp. From summer to autumn, the predation pressure was high, and the consumptive and non‐consumptive effects of the predator had opposite (positive and negative, respectively) effects on the prey. Both the density‐ and trait‐mediated indirect interactions decreased the coverage of Lithoderma and increased the coverage of Ulva. As the predation pressure decreased in autumn, the predator affected both the adults and the new recruits of the prey. The trait‐mediated interactions still existed, but the density‐mediated interactions were not detected. From winter to spring, no direct effects or indirect interactions were detected because of the low predation pressure. Our investigation highlights previously unnoticed processes—showing that the strengths of the direct effects and indirect interactions fluctuate greatly with the seasonality of the ecosystem components.
Which product characteristics are preferred by Chinese consumers when choosing pork? A conjoint analysis on perceived quality of selected pork attributes
Authors: Ma Xiu Q. , Verkuil Julia M. , Reinbach Helene C. , Meinert Lene 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDue to the economic growth achieved by China over the past 20 years, Chinese consumers have changed their purchasing behavior regarding meat. Instead of buying locally produced pork, they are increasingly willing to purchase imported pork. A conjoint analysis investigated how intrinsic pork attributes (fat content and processing) and extrinsic pork attributes (origin, price, and packaging) relate to the perceived quality of pork and the choices made by Chinese consumers. A questionnaire distributed among a sample of Chinese consumers (n = 81) revealed that processing (fresh/frozen) is the most important determinant of pork choice (36%), followed by fat content (27%), origin (18%), price (12%), and packaging (6.6%). Estimates of utility showed that Chinese consumers value fresh pork highly (0.147), followed by lean pork (0.111) and pork imported from countries other than China (0.073). The findings indicate that Chinese consumer's value both intrinsic and extrinsic attributes, and these results may help the meat industry improve China's competitive meat market by developing new and more products that are tailored to the needs of the consumer.
Tracing the Alkinoos Harbor of ancient Kerkyra, Greece, and reconstructing its paleotsunami history
Authors: Finkler Claudia , Fischer Peter , Baika Kalliopi , Rigakou Diamanto , Metallinou Garyfalia , Hadler Hanna , Vött Andreas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this study, the Alkinoos Harbor of ancient Corfu was investigated by means of geomorphological and sedimentological methods in order to reconstruct the ancient harbor's construction, its period of use and spatial extent, and local paleoenvironmental changes. We present sedimentological evidence for the Alkinoos Harbor that shows distinct signs of dredging activities. Although the harbor must have been in use from the Archaic period onwards, a set of paleoenvironmental proxies based on vibracoring, geophysical prospection, electrical conductivity logging, microfaunal studies, and geochemical analyses revealed typical sediments of a closed, protected Roman harbor that was in use between the 1st and 6th century A.D. In addition, sedimentological and microfaunal evidence allowed us to differentiate between different parts of the Roman harbor. In contrast, the pre‐Roman harbor and its shipsheds were built on a sandy seashore. Our data revealed two distinct stratigraphic disruptions related to tsunamigenic impact. These paleotsunamis were dated between the 3rd and 6th century A.D. and between the 5th and 6th century A.D., most probably correlating with the A.D. 365 (Crete) and 6th century A.D. (Peloponnese) supraregional events, respectively. The Alkinoos Harbor turned out to be an outstanding geoarchive to reconstruct human‐environment interactions during the late Holocene.
Reworked volcaniclastic deposits from the Usumacinta river, Mexico: A serendipitous source of volcanic glass in Maya ceramics
Authors: Cabadas‐Báez Héctor Víctor , Solís‐Castillo Berenice , Solleiro‐Rebolledo Elizabeth , Sedov Sergey , Leonard Daniel , Teranishi‐Castillo Keiko , Liendo‐Stuardo Rodrigo , Korneychik Oleg 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe origin and distribution of volcanic glass temper in Maya ceramics has attracted the attention of Mesoamerican archaeologists for the last 80 years. Several Quaternary volcanoes, particularly those in the Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA), are proposed as the source of tephra in the Maya region, however, a continuous stratigraphic record of this tephra deposit is still lacking. A reworked volcaniclastic deposit (9 ± 2 ka) was located in the Usumacinta River fluvial sequence from Tabasco State, Mexico. This material has been found in ceramics from the Tierra Blanca archaeological site, which developed from the Formative to Late Classic Maya period. Cross‐bedding sedimentary structures and amygdaloidal texture in pumice indicate the influence of the fluvial environment and the weathering exposition of the volcanic deposit. The comparative geochemical and petrographic features provide the first evidence that this volcanic ash “outcrop” was used for local ceramic manufacture. The volcanic event that produced the tephra is difficult to identify due to the dynamic sedimentary environment that obliterated and mixed the original mineralogy and geochemistry. Eruptions with rhyolitic magma are the most probable candidates. This assumption contradicts the widespread hypothesis that the tephra of El Chichón volcano is the source of volcanic glass in Classic Maya ceramics.
Kinship and cohabitation in relation to caregiver burden in the context of Alzheimer's disease: a 24‐month longitudinal study
Authors: Viñas‐Diez Vanesa , Turró‐Garriga Oriol , Portellano‐Ortiz Cristina , Gascón‐Bayarri Jordi , Reñé‐Ramírez Ramón , Garre‐Olmo Josep , Conde‐Sala Josep Lluís 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to identify the clinical characteristics of three groups of caregivers: spouses, live‐in adult–child or non‐live‐in adult–child, and their relation to the degree of perceived burden (Caregiver Burden Interview).MethodsThe sample comprised 275 Alzheimer's disease primary caregivers, with a follow‐up of 24 months. Cognitive, functional and behavioural characteristics were evaluated in persons with dementia, whilst sociodemographic data, use of socio‐medical resources, physical and mental health and self‐perceived burden were assessed in caregivers. Generalized estimating equations were used for longitudinal data analysis.ResultsSpouse caregivers were 45.0% men, sole caregivers (>80%), used few external resources and had worse physical health. The number of female adult–child caregivers was higher (>75%). The live‐in adult–child group, compared with the non‐live‐in adult–child group, was less likely to be married, had a lower level of education, was more commonly the sole caregiver and used fewer external resources. The greatest burden was observed in live‐in adult–child caregivers, and the lowest in the non‐live‐in adult–child group, with no significant variation in the follow‐up for both groups. Spouses had an intermediate level of perceived burden, which rose significantly during follow‐up (p < 0.001).ConclusionsKinship and cohabitation with the persons with dementia were associated with different scores and evolution of the burden, with an increase in the follow‐up of the spouses, and with more or less burden, depending on cohabitation, in the adult–child groups. Interventions to reduce the level of burden on caregivers should consider these differences. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is there an association between help‐seeking for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and illness representations of this disease among the lay public?
Authors: Shinan‐Altman Shiri , Werner Perla 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveHelp‐seeking (HS) for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is clearly essential because therapeutic interventions are recognized as being most efficient in the early stages of the disease. Using the Self‐Regulation Model as its conceptual framework, the present study examined the relationship between HS for early detection of AD and lay persons' beliefs and emotional reactions towards AD.MethodsA convenience sample of 236 community‐dwelling adults, aged 50 and above, completed HS measures related to early detection of AD, HS sources, cognitive and emotional representations, perceived threat, familiarity with AD, and socio‐demographic questionnaires.ResultsParticipants expressed low HS levels for early detection of AD. However, participants expressed higher levels of HS willingness if checking for AD would be included in the routine medical examinations conducted by their GPs. Multiple regression analyses showed that AD consequences and perceived threat were the main predictors of HS for early detection of AD, explaining 9.2% of the variance.ConclusionsOur findings stress the need to increase the lay public's knowledge about available treatment options and their efficacy, even in the advances stages of the disease when the consequences of the disease are much more severe. AD awareness programs should also pay attention to the potential fear which may exist in the case of HS for early detection of AD. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Susceptibility of naïve and differentiated PC12 cells to Japanese encephalitis virus infection
Authors: Li Jian‐Ri , Wu Chih‐Cheng , Chang Cheng‐Yi , Ou Yen‐Chuan , Lin Shih‐Yi , Wang Ya‐Yu , Chen Wen‐Ying , Raung Shue‐Ling , Liao Su‐Lan , Chen Chun‐Jung 
Published: January 2017

AbstractJapanese encephalitis is a mosquito‐borne disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. Although JEV infects and replicates in cells with multiple tissue origins, neurons are the preferential cells for JEV infection. Currently, the identities of JEV cell tropism are largely unclear. To gain better insight into the underlying identities of JEV cell tropism, this study was designed to compare the JEV cell tropism with naïve or differentiated PC12 cells. Through nerve growth factor‐differentiated PC12 cells, we discovered that JEV efficiently replicated in differentiated PC12 cells rather than naïve cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that viral adsorption/attachment seemed not to be a crucial factor. Supporting data showed that antagonizing postreceptor intracellular signaling of interferons, along with the activation of suppressor of cytokine signaling‐3 (SOCS3) expression and protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, were apparent in differentiated PC12 cells after JEV infection. Independent of differentiating inducing agents, the upregulation of SOCS3 expression and protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, as well as preferential JEV tropism, were common in JEV‐infected differentiated PC12 cells. Using cultured primary neurons, JEV efficiently replicated in embryonic neurons rather than adult neurons, and the preference was accompanied by higher SOCS3 expression and protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. Given that both SOCS3 and protein tyrosine phosphatases have been implicated in the process of neuronal differentiation, JEV infection seems to not only create an antagonizing strategy to escape host's interferon antiviral response but also takes advantage of cellular machinery to favor its replication. Taken together, current findings imply that dynamic changes within cellular regulators of antiviral machinery could be accompanied by events of neuronal differentiation, thus concurrently playing roles in the control of JEV cell tropism and replication. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(2):79–87, 2017
Microwave plasma emerging technologies for chemical processes
Authors: de la Fuente Javier F , Kiss Anton A , Radoiu Marilena T , Stefanidis Georgios D 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMicrowave plasma (MWP) technology is currently being used in application fields such as semiconductor and material processing, diamond film deposition and waste remediation. Specific advantages of the technology include the enablement of a high energy density source and a highly reactive medium, operational flexibility, fast response time to inlet variations and low maintenance costs. These aspects make MWP a promising alternative technology to conventional thermal chemical reactors provided that certain technical and operational challenges related to scalability are overcome. Herein, an overview of state‐of‐the‐art applications of MWP in chemical processing is presented (e.g. stripping of photo resist, UV‐disinfection, waste gas treatment, plasma reforming, methane coupling to olefins, coal/biomass/waste pyrolysis/gasification and CO2 conversion). In addition, two potential approaches to tackle scalability limitations are described, namely the development of a single unit microwave generator with high output power (>100 kW), and the coupling of multiple microwave generators with a single reactor chamber. Finally, the fundamental and engineering challenges to enable profitable implementation of the MWP technology at large scale are discussed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of the Er: YAG laser and diamond bur cavity preparation on the marginal microleakage of Class V cavities restored with different flowable composites
Authors: Tuna Elif Bahar , Ozel Emre , Kasimoglu Yelda , Firatli Erhan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Er:YAG laser and diamond bur cavity preparation on the marginal microleakage of Class V cavities. Group 1: bur preparation (bp) + Vertise Flow (VF); Group 2: laser preparation (lp) + VF; Group 3: bp + Adper Easy One (AEO) + Filtek Ultimate Flowable Composite (FUFC); Group 4: lp + AEO + FUFC; Group 5: bp + Clearfil S3 Bond (CSB) + Clearfil Majesty Flow (CMF); Group 6: lp + CSB + CMF. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (p < .05). More microleakage was observed in cervical regions compared to occlusal regions in all groups (p < .05). No significant difference was observed among all groups in terms of occlusal and cervical surfaces, respectively (p > .05). The use of the Er:YAG laser for cavity preparation with different adhesive systems and flowable composites did not influence microleakage.
Water repellency reduction using soil heating in infiltration ponds of a wastewater soil aquifer treatment (SAT)
Authors: Nadav Itamar , Tarchitzky Jorge , Chen Yona 
Published: January 2017

AbstractReuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation in agriculture is a common alternative water source in arid regions suffering from fresh water (FW) shortage. Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is frequently used for advanced TWW purification. Infiltration rates of water through the soil can decrease as a consequence of organic matter (OM) accumulation and the consequent induction of water repellency. In this research, soil heating to high temperatures was examined for its efficiency in OM content reduction and increased infiltration. In a laboratory experiment conducted using a hand burner and a combustion oven, water repellency was found to be reduced following increased heating temperature or heating duration, directly resulting in reduction of OM level. Chemical analysis of OM extracted from the heat treated soils revealed reduction in hydrophobic substances as a consequence of increased temperatures by soil heating and heating duration. In model ponds built to simulate large infiltration basins, OM content was reduced as a result of intensive and moderate soil heating in comparison to the untreated pond. However, no reduction in water repellency and only slight changes in infiltration rate were found as a consequence of soil heating. The differences in results obtained in the laboratory and the field experiments were probably related to the fact that the soil in the field experiment has been continuously reloaded with TWW containing OM.
Effects of synbiotic supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and muscular antioxidant capacity and mineral contents in broilers
Authors: Cheng Yefei , Chen Yueping , Li Xiaohan , Yang Weili , Wen Chao , Kang Yuru , Wang Aiqin , Zhou Yanmin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary synbiotic supplementation on growth performance, carcass composition, meat quality and muscular antioxidant capacity, and mineral contents in broilers. Accordingly, 96 day‐old male broiler chicks (Arbor Acres Plus; Aviagen, Huntsville, AL, USA) were randomly allocated to two groups, and each group consisted of six replicates with eight chicks each. Birds were fed a corn‐soybean meal basal diet supplemented with either 0 or 1.5 g kg−1 synbiotic, consisting of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Clostridium butyricum) and prebiotics (yeast cell wall and xylooligosaccharide) from 1 to 42 days of age.RESULTSCompared with the control group, supplementation with a synbiotic increased average daily gain (P < 0.05) but reduced feed/gain ratio (P < 0.01) in broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. Similalrly, dietary synbiotic inclusion increased breast yield (P < 0.05) but decreased abdominal fat (P < 0.01) in broilers. The breast muscle pH value at 24 h postmortem in broilers was elevated with the incorporation of synbiotic (P < 0.05). By contrast, synbiotic supplementation lowered the cooking loss during heat treatment in a water bath, malondialdehyde content, and total Cr content in the thigh muscle in broilers (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONDietary synbiotic supplementation into the diet of broilers may be an effective method for improving growth performance and carcass compositions, resulting in the production of meat with a favorable quality and oxidative stability. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Suitability of combination of calcium propionate and chitosan for preserving minimally processed banana quality
Authors: Mirshekari Amin , Madani Babak , Golding John B 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe marketability of fresh‐cut banana slices is limited by the rapid rate of fruit softening and browning. However, there is no scientific literature available about the role of postharvest calcium propionate and chitosan treatment on the quality attributes of fresh‐cut banana. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate these effects.RESULTSThe application of calcium propionate plus chitosan (CaP+Chit) retained higher firmness, higher ascorbic acid content, higher total antioxidant activity and higher total phenolic compounds, along with lower browning, lower polyphenol oxidase, lower peroxidase, lower polygalacturonase and lower pectin methyl esterase activities and microbial growth, compared to control banana slices after 5 days of cold storage.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study show that CaP+Chit could be used to slow the loss of quality at the same time as maintaining quality and inhibiting microbial loads. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) as a fat replacer improves the physical properties of low‐fat tofu
Authors: Shin Woo‐Kyoung , Wicker Louise , Kim Yookyung 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of the addition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the textural properties of low‐fat tofu was investigated. Three fat levels (240, 100 and 30 g kg−1) were used to make tofu, which were identified as C (full‐fat tofu), L1 and L2. HPMC (5 g kg−1) was added to soymilk to prepare control and low‐fat tofu, designated as CH, L1H and L2H.RESULTSSoymilk with a lower fat level had a lower viscosity: 143 (C), 100 (L1) and 42 (L2) cP. The addition of HPMC increased the viscosity of all types of soymilk, particularly in L2H (107 cP). With fat reduction, tofu syneresis increased from 19% (C) to 29% (L2), although syneresis of L2H recovered to 19%, which is similar to high‐fat control tofu. Decreased fat resulted in a lower firmness in L2 (0.67 N) compared to control (0.78 N). Firmness increased to 1.08 N in L2H tofu, whereas the firmness of CH tofu was 0.63 N. All types of tofu showed a denser, well‐connected and cross‐linking structure when HPMC was added, especially in L2H tofu.CONCLUSIONHPMC improved the texture of the low‐fat tofu by creating a harder texture and reducing syneresis. HPMC is an effective fat replacer for lower fat soymilk. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of shortening replacement with oleogels on the rheological and tomographic characteristics of aerated baked goods
Authors: Lim Jeongtaek , Jeong Sungmin , Lee JaeHwan , Park Sungkwon , Lee Jonggil , Lee Suyong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDA great deal of effort has been made to reduce the use of shortening owing to the high level of saturated fats as well as the presence of trans fats. Grape seed oil high in unsaturated fats was structured with candelilla wax to form solid‐like oleogels that were utilized as a shortening replacer in aerated baked goods, specifically muffins.RESULTSMuffin batters with greater amounts of oleogels exhibited lower viscosity, greater shear‐thinning behavior and less elastic nature. The shortening replacement with oleogels significantly increased the specific gravity of the batters, consequently affecting the muffin volume after baking. X‐ray tomography indicated a lower fragmentation index (i.e. a more connected solid structure) in the oleogel‐incorporated muffins, which was correlated with more enclosed and isolated air cells. A stress relaxation test showed that the shortening replacement with oleogels produced muffins with a firmer and springier texture. Based on fatty acid compositions, the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids was significantly reduced from 2.81 to 0.41.CONCLUSIONUse of the oleogels as a shortening replacer at a ratio of 1:3 by weight was effective in producing muffins with comparable quality attributes to the control with shortening. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry