bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azidophosphonate Chemistry as a Route for a Novel Class of Vesicle‐Forming Phosphonolipids
Authors: Saha Abhishek , Panda Subhankar , Pradhan Nirmalya , Kalita Kangkan , Trivedi Vishal , Manna Debasis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMembrane forming synthetic lipids constitutes a new class of biomaterials with impressive applications in the field of biological and pharmaceutical sciences. Interestingly, alteration(s) in the headgroup region of the lipids offer a wide chemical space to investigate their specific properties. In this regard, we have utilized β‐azidophosphonate chemistry to gain access to a novel class of triazole‐phosphonate (TP) amphiphiles with fascinating physicochemical properties of lipids. TP lipids form stable vesicles that exhibit negative surface potential across a broad pH range. These anionic lipids have high phase‐transition temperatures, phospholipase resistance, slow vesicle leakage profiles, and doxorubicin delivery efficacy. We hypothesize that these readily synthesizable phosphonolipids could find several applications as phospholipid substituents.
An Uncommon Carboxyl‐Decorated Metal–Organic Framework with Selective Gas Adsorption and Catalytic Conversion of CO2
Authors: Li Yong‐Zhi , Wang Hai‐Hua , Yang Hong‐Yun , Hou Lei , Wang Yao‐Yu , Zhu Zhonghua 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA new three‐dimensional (3D) framework, [Ni(btzip)(H2btzip)]⋅2 DMF⋅2 H2O (1) (H2btzip=4,6‐bis(triazol‐1‐yl)isophthalic acid) as an acidic heterogeneous catalyst was constructed by the reaction of nickel wire and a triazolyl‐carboxyl linker. Framework 1 possesses intersected 2D channels decorated by free COOH groups and uncoordinated triazolyl N atoms, leading to not only high CO2 and C2H6 adsorption capacity but also significant selective capture for CO2 and C2H6 over CH4 and CO in 273–333 K. Moreover, 1 reveals chemical stability toward water. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations confirmed the multiple CO2‐ and C2H6‐philic sites. As a result of the presence of accessible Brønsted acidic COOH groups in the channels, the activated framework demonstrates highly efficient catalytic activity in the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with propylene oxide/4‐chloromethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐one/3‐butoxy‐1,2‐epoxypropane into cyclic carbonates.
Bulky Counterions: Enhancing the Two‐Photon Excited Fluorescence of Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Bertorelle Franck , Moulin Christophe , Soleilhac Antonin , Comby‐Zerbino Clothilde , Dugourd Philippe , Russier‐Antoine Isabelle , Brevet Pierre‐François , Antoine Rodolphe 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIncreasing fluorescence quantum yields of ligand‐protected gold nanoclusters has attracted wide research interest. The strategy consisting in using bulky counterions has been found to dramatically enhance the fluorescence. In this Communication, we push forward this concept to the nonlinear optical regime. We show that by an appropriate choice of bulky counterions and of solvent, a 30‐fold increase in two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) signal at ≈600 nm for gold nanoclusters can be obtained. This would correspond to a TPEF cross‐section in the range of 0.1 to 1 GM.
The Quest for Sulfur‐Containing Photoactive Materials: Molecular Precursors, Structures and Applications
Authors: Hennessey Seán , Farràs Pau 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis Minireview summarises the most relevant work on sulfur‐containing systems and provides direction towards the preparation of novel photoactive materials. This contribution overviews the synthesis of sulfur‐containing organic ligands and metal complexes and their incorporation in surfaces, nanoparticles and frameworks, with the aim to highlight the most relevant applications of such materials. We focus on the use of sulfur‐containing anchoring groups to prepare advanced materials, although examples in which thiols provide decisive properties are also included, for example, stabilization of gold nanoparticles. From these, we provide a series of research directions that we and others are currently exploring to prepare new photoactive materials containing sulfur. These materials will take advantage of the plasmonic properties of thiol‐capped gold and silver nanoparticles and their use to enhance energy‐conversion technologies.
Artificial Photosynthesis for Production of ATP, NAD(P)H, and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Lee Yong‐Min , Nam Wonwoo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe initial product of photosynthesis is NADPH (dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), which is produced from the oxidized form (NADP+) by reduction with two electrons and one proton released from Photosystem I (PSI) via ferredoxin. The proton gradient generated across the thylakoid membrane produces a proton‐motive force, which is utilized to synthesize ATP by the use of ATP synthase. NADPH is used as a hydride source in the Calvin–Benson cycle to produce sugars by photosynthesis. In addition to NADP+, PSI can reduce O2 by two electrons with two protons to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can be used as a fuel in H2O2 fuel cells. This Minireview focuses on artificial photosynthetic systems to produce the products of natural photosynthesis, such as ATP, NAD(P)H and H2O2 from NAD+ and O2 with water using solar energy, respectively. ATP was produced by use of an artificial photosynthetic membrane, composed of a photosynthetic reaction center mimic that pumps protons into the interior of the liposome, where F‐type ATP synthase was incorporated. Solar‐driven catalytic water splitting produces hydrogen, which can reduce NAD+ to NADH with an iridium complex catalyst in a slightly alkaline solution at room temperature. H2O2 has been produced by the combination of four‐electron oxidation of H2O with four protons to evolve O2 and two‐electron/two‐proton reduction of O2 under sun‐light irradiation. H2O2 can also be produced by direct reaction of H2 and O2 by the combination of an iridium complex catalyst and flavin coenzyme.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia from Water and Nitrogen: A Lithium‐Mediated Approach Using Lithium‐Ion Conducting Glass Ceramics
Authors: Kim Kwiyong , Lee Seung Jong , Kim Dong‐Yeon , Yoo Chung‐Yul , Choi Jang Wook , Kim Jong‐Nam , Woo Youngmin , Yoon Hyung Chul , Han Jong‐In 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLithium‐mediated reduction of dinitrogen is a promising method to evade electron‐stealing hydrogen evolution, a critical challenge which limits faradaic efficiency (FE) and thus hinders the success of traditional protic‐solvent‐based ammonia electro‐synthesis. A viable implementation of the lithium‐mediated pathway using lithium‐ion conducting glass ceramics involves i) lithium deposition, ii) nitridation, and iii) ammonia formation. Ammonia was successfully synthesized from molecular nitrogen and water, yielding a maximum FE of 52.3 %. With an ammonia synthesis rate comparable to previously reported approaches, the fairly high FE demonstrates the possibility of using this nitrogen fixation strategy as a substitute for firmly established, yet exceedingly complicated and expensive technology, and in so doing represents a next‐generation energy storage system.
Functional characterization of CYP2C19 variants in nebivolol 4‐hydroxlation in vitro
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Yang , Hu Xiao‐Xia , Li Meng‐Fang , Wang Hao , Zhang Li‐Qun , Hu Guo‐Xin , Cai Jian‐Ping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) allelic variants are thought to play an important part in inter‐individual variability in drug metabolism. We evaluated the in vitro hydroxylation of nebivolol by 31 CYP2C19 alleles identified in a Chinese Han population recently. Wild‐type CYP2C19*1B and 30 isoforms were highly expressed in insect cells, and the enzymatic activities of CYP2C19 variants towards nebivolol hydroxylation were characterized. Among the 30 CYP2C19 alleles, most of the recombinant CYP2C19 variants exhibited no or significantly low activity compared with CYP2C19*1B. Three variants, CYP2C19*29 (K28I), L16F, and CYP2C19*23 (G91R), showed increased intrinsic clearance of >140% CYP2C19*1B. Combined with a previous study on the effects of CYP2D6 variants on nebivolol metabolism, our comprehensive analyses on the enzymatic activities of CYP2C19 variants towards nebivolol in the present study may contribute to determination of the optimal doses of nebivolol for the treatment of hypertension and understanding of “individualized” medication.
Parental Expressed Emotion During Two Forms of Family‐Based Treatment for Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Allan Erica , Le Grange Daniel , Sawyer Susan M. , McLean Louise A. , Hughes Elizabeth K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHigh parental expressed emotion (EE), reflected by criticism or emotional over‐involvement, has been related to poorer outcome in family‐based treatment (FBT) for adolescent anorexia nervosa. This study assessed EE in 89 mothers and 64 fathers at baseline and end of treatment in a randomised trial comparing conjoint FBT to parent‐focused FBT (PFT). Compared with conjoint FBT, PFT was associated with a decrease in maternal criticism, regardless of adolescent remission. Furthermore, an increase in maternal criticism was more likely to be observed in conjoint FBT (80%) than PFT (20%, p = 0.001). Adolescents of mothers who demonstrated an increase in EE, or remained high in EE, were less likely to remit compared with adolescents for whom EE decreased or remained low (33% and 0% vs. 43% and 50%, p = 0.03). There were no significant effects for paternal EE. The results highlight the importance of considering EE when implementing FBT for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Emotional Reactivity and Appraisal of Food in Relation to Eating Disorder Cognitions and Behaviours: Evidence to Support the Motivational Conflict Hypothesis
Authors: Racine Sarah E. , Hebert Karen R. , Benning Stephen D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEating disorders are associated with both negative and positive emotional reactions towards food. Individual eating disorder symptoms may relate to distinct emotional responses to food, which could necessitate tailored treatments based on symptom presentation. We examined associations between eating disorder symptoms and psychophysiological responses to food versus neutral images in 87 college students [mean (SD) age = 19.70 (2.09); mean (SD) body mass index = 23.25(2.77)]. Reflexive and facial electromyography measures tapping negative emotional reactivity (startle blink reflex) and appraisal (corrugator muscle response) as well as positive emotional reactivity (postauricular reflex) and appraisal (zygomaticus muscle response) were collected. Eating disorder cognitions correlated with more corrugator activity to food versus neutral images, indicating negative appraisals of food. Binge eating was associated with increased postauricular reflex reactivity to food versus neutral images, suggesting enhanced appetitive motivation to food. The combination of cognitive eating disorder symptoms and binge eating may result in motivational conflict towards food. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Radiocarbon dating and stable carbon isotopic analyses of Neolithic and Bronze Age staple crops in the lower Yellow River area and their paleodietary implications
Authors: Chen Xue‐Xiang , Yu Shi‐Yong , Underhill Anne P. , Fang Hui 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe stable carbon isotope ratio of archaeological human skeletons has been increasingly used to reconstruct paleodiet, which in turn may provide deep insight into the origin and spread of agriculture. However, little is known about the spatial and temporal variability of some staple crops in many areas of the world. Here, we present radiocarbon ages and stable carbon isotope data of charred millet and rice grains from 14 Neolithic and Bronze Age archaeological sites in the lower Yellow River area, a region which has not been adequately considered. The mean δ13C value of prehistoric millet grains is −9.13‰, which is ca. 2‰ higher than that of modern millet grains. The mean δ13C value of prehistoric rice grains is −24.14‰, which is very close to that of modern rice grains. Our study not only provides updated information that facilitates a more precise reconstruction of human paleodiet based on δ13C analysis of skeletal remains, but also supports previous conclusions that C4 plants can be used as a reliable proxy for atmospheric carbon isotopic composition.
The impact of long‐term care on quality of life
Authors: Forder Julien , Vadean Florin , Rand Stacey , Malley Juliette 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLong‐term care services are provided to help people manage the consequences of impairment, but their impact goes beyond the meeting of basic needs. Accordingly, the main aim was to explore the marginal effectiveness of care when measured in terms of people's overall care‐related quality of life (CRQoL) and assess changes in marginal effect for increasing intensity. The associated aim was to refine and apply an observational method to estimate marginal effectiveness. A “production function” approach was used with survey data, including Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit‐measured CRQoL, whereby we statistically modelled the expected relationship between service utilisation rates and CRQoL. This method seeks to limit endogeneity issues by controlling on observables and using instrumental variable. Using a survey of publicly funded long‐term care service users in England, we found that community‐based long‐term care significantly improved people's CRQoL but with diminishing marginal effects and effects differentiated by baseline impairment levels. There are implications for how the care system should respond to changes in global public budgets. For example, where there is unmet need, a system aimed to maximise (unadjusted) CRQoL would put more emphasis on access (more recipients) than intensity of support compared to a system operating on a needs basis.
Transcriptional and translational‐uncoupling in regulation of the CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4, 7 in THP‐1 monocytes and macrophages
Authors: Yu Lu , Yu Liangli , Pham Quynhchi , Wang Thomas T. Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe chemokine CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and 7 play crucial roles in the immune system. In the present study, regulation of this pathway was further examined using the in‐vitro model of undifferentiated human THP‐1 monocytes (u‐THP‐1) and phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐differentiated THP‐1 macrophages (d‐THP‐1), to assess the effects of differentiation and the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the pathway.Methods/ResultsDifferentiation did not affect the CXCR4, 7 mRNA levels. Interestingly, the CXCL12 and CXCR7 proteins but not CXCR4 were found to be up‐regulated during differentiation. LPS, through CD14‐dependent pathway, induced CXCL12 and CXCR4, 7 mRNA levels to a greater magnitude in d‐ than u‐THP‐1. The induction effect on CXCL12 stimulated by LPS was confirmed using ELISA. Increased migration of u‐THP‐1 was observed using conditioned medium from LPS‐treated d‐THP‐1. Additionally, d‐THP‐1, although expressed higher CXCR7 protein levels, failed to migrate toward CXCL12. In contrast, LPS did not affect CXCR4, 7 protein levels.ConclusionHence, this study indicated that CXCL12, CXCR4, and CXCR7 were differentially expressed and regulated in u‐THP‐1 and d‐THP‐1 cells in response to external stimuli. Importantly, we reported here a novel observation that uncoupling exists between transcriptional and translational regulation of CXCR4, 7 expressions by differentiation and TLR stimuli.
A mitochondrial targeting tetrapeptide Bendavia protects lateral line hair cells from gentamicin exposure
Authors: Kuang Xiao , Sun Yanhui , Wang Zhenjie , Zhou Shuang , Liu Hongzhuo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe hearing loss induced by aminoglycosides is caused by the permanent loss of mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear. The aim of the present study is therefore to evaluate the protective effect of Bendavia, a novel antioxidant, on gentamicin‐induced hair cell damage in zebrafish lateral lines. The results demonstrated the pretreatment of Bendavia exhibited dose‐dependent protection against gentamicin in both acute and chronic exposure. We found that Bendavia at 150 μm conferred optimal protection from either acute or chronic exposure with ototoxin. Bendavia reduced uptake of fluorescent‐tagged gentamicin via mechanoelectrical transduction channels, suggesting its protective effects may be partially due to decreasing ototoxic molecule uptake. The intracellular death pathways inhibition triggered by gentamicin might be also included as no blockage of gentamicin was observed. Our data suggest that Bendavia represents a novel otoprotective drug that might provide a therapeutic alternative for patients receiving aminoglycoside treatment.
Silicon bioceramic loaded with vancomycin stimulates bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Manchón Angel , Alkhraisat Mohammad H. , Rueda‐Rodriguez Carmen , Pintado Concepción , Prados‐Frutos J.C. , Torres Jesus , Lopez Cabarcos Enrique 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPorous ceramics doped with silicon and pure β‐TCP were analyzed in terms of internal microstructure, cell behavior, and the percentage of newly formed bone. Additionally the materials were tested to determine which of the two had better properties to load and release vancomycin hydrochloride. Internal pore distribution and porosity were determined through high pressure mercury porosimetry and the specific surface area was measured by the Brunauer Emmet‐Teller method. The proliferation and viability of the human osteoblast‐like cell line MG‐63 was studied to validate both materials. The materials were tested on eight New Zealand rabbits which created defects, 10 mm in diameter, in the calvaria bone. After 8 and 12 weeks a histological and histomorphometric analysis was performed. Si‐β‐TCP showed a higher porosity and specific surface area. The cytocompatibility test revealed acceptable results in terms of proliferation and viability whereas the percentage of new bone was higher in Si‐β‐TCP with a two‐time study being statistically significant with 12 weeks of healing (p < 0.05).The vancomycin loaded within the ceramic scaffolds were burst released and the material had the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2307–2315, 2018.
The effects of acclimation temperature, salinity, and behavior on the thermal tolerance of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)
Authors: King Mallory , Sardella Brian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMozambique tilapia have been shown to be incredibly stress tolerant with respect to environmental salinity, hypoxia, and ammonia concentrations. Temperature challenges to this species have shown that they have difficulty with cold acclimation. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of acclimation temperature and salinity on the thermal tolerance of Mozambique tilapia as assessed by critical thermal maxima (CTMax) and critical thermal minima (CTMin). We also monitored fish behavior and quantified ventilation rate. To our knowledge, this study was the first to investigate upper and lower thermal tolerances, and the effect of environmental salinity in this physiologically impressive species. Using predictive regression analyses of the thermal limits, thermal tolerance polygons were constructed and total areas were calculated 678.9°C2 for freshwater (FW)‐acclimated tilapia, and 739.4°C2 seawater (SW)‐acclimated tilapia. During the thermal challenges, we observed two novel behaviors in response to thermal challenge, ventilation cessation behavior (VCB) and aquatic surface respiration (ASR), and we conclude that the use of these behaviors extended the thermal limits of these fish in both FW and two‐thirds SW by limiting the exposure of the gill epithelium to the changing environment.
Neuroanatomy of Hyalinella punctata: Common patterns and new characters in phylactolaemate bryozoans
Authors: Ambros Magdalena , Wanninger Andreas , Schwaha Thomas F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStudies on the bryozoan adult nervous system employing immunocytochemical techniques and confocal laser scanning microscopy are scarce. To gain a better view into the structure and evolution of the nervous system of the Phylactolaemata, the earliest extant branch and sister taxon to the remaining Bryozoa, this work aims to characterize the nervous system of Hyalinella punctata with immunocytochemical techniques and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The cerebral ganglion is located between the anus and the pharynx and contains a lumen. Two ganglionic horns and a circum‐oral nerve ring emanate from the cerebral ganglion. The pharynx is innervated by a diffuse neural plexus with two prominent neurite bundles. The caecum is innervated by longitudinal neurite bundles and a peripheral plexus. The intestine is characterized by longitudinal and circular neurite bundles, mostly near the anus. Novel putative sensory cells were found in the foregut and intestine. The tentacle sheath is innervated by a diffuse neural plexus, which emanates from several neurite bundles from the cerebral ganglion, but also parts of the pharyngeal plexus. There are six tentacle neurite bundles of intertentacular origin. The retractor muscles are innervated by two thin neurite bundles. Several characters are described herein for the first time in Phylactolaemata: Longitudinal neurite bundles and a peripheral plexus of the caecum, putative sensory structures of the gut, retractor muscle innervation, specific duplicature band neurite bundles. The tentacle innervation differs from previous descriptions of phylactolaemates regarding the origin of the three abfrontal neurite bundles. In general, most organ systems are innervated by a diffuse plexus in phylactolaemates as opposed to gymnolaemates. In contrast to the Gymnolaemata, representatives of Phylactolaemata show a higher number of tentacle nerves. Although the plesiomorphic condition for zooidal features among bryozoans remains unclear, having a diffuse nerve plexus may represent an ancestral feature for freshwater bryozoans.
On a combined theory of pay level satisfaction
Authors: Yao Yong Heng (Angus) , Locke Edwin A. , Jamal Muhammad 
Published: November 2017

SummaryFor decades, research on pay level satisfaction has focused on two theories and one approach: the direct link theory, the discrepancy theory, and the no‐difference‐scores approach. However, there are still unsolved puzzles facing pay level satisfaction research. We develop a combined theory to consider the impact of the interaction of reported pay and pay discrepancy. With this newly developed theory, we expect that (a) both reported pay and pay discrepancy have main effects on pay level satisfaction; (b) reported pay and pay discrepancy also interact with each other, in that the effect of pay discrepancy on pay level satisfaction decreases as pay level increases; (c) equitable payment is more related to pay level dissatisfaction when pay level is low; and (d) overpayment in general is related to pay level satisfaction, not dissatisfaction. An empirical study (N = 481) using four types of comparison standards was conducted, and the results supported our predictions. The findings of our study have important implications for both academic research and management practice.