bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How is rating of perceived capacity related to VO2maxand what is VO2maxat onset of training?
Authors: Gjestvang Christina , Stensrud Trine , Haakstad Lene A H 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate how rating of perceived capacity (RPC) is related to maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and examine VO2maxat onset of training in healthy adults.MethodsIn total, 125 newly registered fitness centre members, equally men and women, answered the RPC scale and performed a treadmill test for measurement of VO2max. Eligible criteria were <4 weeks of fitness centre membership, physically inactive, ≥18 years and not pregnant. The RPC is a one-page scale (1–20) based on metabolic equivalent tasks, where the individual chooses the most strenuous activity that can be sustained for at least 30 min.ResultsThe Bland-Altman plot demonstrated a tendency of overestimation, meaning that the participants ranked their own aerobic capacity 17.5% higher than objectively measured values of VO2max. The mean difference between the two methods were +4.92±1.96 and +6.35±1.96 mL/min/kg VO2in men and women, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient was moderate, with r=0.426 (p<0.01). A linear regression analysis showed that both age and VO2maxwere significant predictors of RPC (p<0.01). Measured VO2maxat onset of fitness centre membership was in men aged 38.7±11.7 and women aged 34.7±9.9, 40.5±7.2 and 35.0±6.0 mL/min/kg, respectively. Estimated VO2maxfrom the RPC scale was 45.7±9.8 and 41.4±10.1 mL/min/kg in men and women, respectively.ConclusionsThe RPC seems less accurate at the individual level and may overestimate VO2max. Still, it may be considered useful in large-scale studies.
Risk factors associated with 90-day recurrent stroke in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy for minor stroke or high-risk TIA: a subgroup analysis of the CHANCE trial
Authors: Wangqin Runqi , Wang Xianwei , Wang Yilong , Xian Ying , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Li Hao , Meng Xia , Wang Yongjun 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveMany patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy still had recurrent strokes. We aimed to identify factors associated with recurrent stroke at 90 days in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy in Clopidogrel in High-risk patients with Acute Non-disabling Cerebrovascular Events trial.MethodsPatients with transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke receiving clopidogrel and aspirin in the trial were analysed in the study. The primary outcome was recurrent stroke within 90 days after the index event. Cox proportional hazard model with backward selection was used to identify factors associated with stroke.ResultsAmong 2584 patients, 212 (8.2%) had a recurrent stroke, 216 (8.4%) had a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death and 204 (7.9%) had ischaemic stroke within 90 days. Multivariate analysis identified the following factors associated with stroke: history of hypertension with poor blood pressure control (HR, 1.92; 95% CI 1.22 to 3.03), the high baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 2 and 3 (2.12 (1.07 to 4.21) and 4.11 (2.05 to 8.22), respectively), time from onset to randomisation of <12 hours (1.47 (1.12 to 1.94)), the lipid-lowering therapy (0.61 (0.47 to 0.83)), the open-label aspirin dose at day 1 of ≥300 mg (1.98 (1.45 to 2.69)). Intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) was significantly associated with stroke in the sensitivity analysis (2.17 (1.16 to 4.04)).ConclusionsThe high baseline NIHSS score, hypertension with poor blood pressure control, ICAS, time from onset to randomisation of less than 12 hours and no lipid-lowering therapy were associated with stroke, suggesting that patients with identified predictors still remain to be at high risk of recurrent stroke although being under the dual antiplatelet therapy.Trial registration numberhttp://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00979589.ClinicalTrials.gov number:NCT00979589
Heat acclimation has a protective effect on the central but not peripheral nervous system
Authors: Racinais Sebastien , Wilson Mathew G. , Gaoua Nadia , Périard Julien D. 
Published: July 2017

This study aimed to clarify the pathway mediating hyperthermia-induced alterations in neural drive transmission and determine if heat acclimation protects voluntary muscle activation and cognitive function in hyperthermic humans. Electrically evoked potentials (H reflex and M wave), executive function (special planning and working memory), and maximal voluntary isometric contractions (120 s) were assessed in 14 participants in control conditions [CON, 24°C, 40% relative humidity (RH)] and in a hyperthermic state (HYP, 44–50°C, 50% RH) on consecutive days in a counterbalanced order. Thereafter, participants were passively heat acclimated for 11 days (1 h per day, 48–50°C, 50% RH) before repeating the initial assessments. Heat acclimation decreased rectal temperature in CON (−0.2°C, P < 0.05), but participants were maintained at ~39°C in HYP. Heat acclimation increased the time required to reach 39°C (+9 min), along with sweat rate (+0.7 l/h), and serum extracellular expression of heat shock protein 72 (eHSP72; +20%) in HYP ( P < 0.05). M-wave and H-reflex amplitudes were lower in HYP than CON ( P < 0.05) and were not protected by heat acclimation. Nerve conduction velocity was faster in HYP than CON ( P < 0.05) without being influenced by heat acclimation. These results suggest that peripheral neural drive transmission in the hyperthermic state is primarily affected by axonal conduction velocity rather than synaptic failure. Executive function, voluntary activation, and the ability to sustain torque were impaired in HYP ( P < 0.05). However, despite no perceptual changes ( P > 0.05), heat acclimation restored executive function, while protecting the ability to sustain voluntary activation and torque production during a prolonged contraction in hyperthermia ( P < 0.05). Ultimately, heat acclimation induces beneficial central but not peripheral neural adaptations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heat acclimation restores planning accuracy and working memory in hyperthermic humans, together with the supraspinal capacity to sustain motor drive during a sustained maximal voluntary contraction. Electrically evoked potential data (M wave, H reflex) indicate that heat acclimation does not protect against hyperthermia-induced impairments in peripheral neural drive transmission. Heat acclimation induces beneficial central but not peripheral neural adaptations.
Clarithromycin Plus Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy Can Reduce the Relapse Rate of Kawasaki Disease: A Phase 2, Open‐Label, Randomized Control Study
Authors: Nanishi Etsuro , Nishio Hisanori , Takada Hidetoshi , Yamamura Kenichiro , Fukazawa Mitsuharu , Furuno Kenji , Mizuno Yumi , Saigo Kenjiro , Kadoya Ryo , Ohbuchi Noriko , Onoe Yasuhiro , Yamashita Hironori , Nakayama Hideki , Hara Takuya , Ohno Takuro , Takahashi Yasuhiko , Hatae Ken , Harada Tatsuo , Shimose Takayuki , Kishimoto Junji , Ohga Shouichi , Hara Toshiro 
Published: July 2017

Background
We previously reported that biofilms and innate immunity contribute to the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacy of clarithromycin, an antibiofilm agent, in patients with Kawasaki disease.

Methods and Results

We conducted an open‐label, multicenter, randomized, phase 2 trial at 8 hospitals in Japan. Eligible patients included children aged between 4 months and 5 years who were enrolled between days 4 and 8 of illness. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or IVIG plus clarithromycin. The primary end point was the duration of fever after the initiation of IVIG treatment. Eighty‐one eligible patients were randomized. The duration of the fever did not differ between the 2 groups (mean±SD, 34.3±32.4 and 31.1±31.1 hours in the IVIG plus clarithromycin group and the IVIG group, respectively [
P
=0.66]). The relapse rate of patients in the IVIG plus clarithromycin group was significantly lower than that in the IVIG group (12.5% versus 30.8%,
P
=0.046). No serious adverse events occurred during the study period. In a post hoc analysis, the patients in the IVIG plus clarithromycin group required significantly shorter mean lengths of hospital stays than those in the IVIG group (8.9 days versus 10.3 days,
P
=0.049).

Conclusions
Although IVIG plus clarithromycin therapy failed to shorten the duration of fever, it reduced the relapse rate and shortened the duration of hospitalization in patients with Kawasaki disease.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm
. Unique identifier: UMIN000015437.
Using a Large-scale Neural Model of Cortical Object Processing to Investigate the Neural Substrate for Managing Multiple Items in Short-term Memory
Authors: Liu Qin , Ulloa Antonio , Horwitz Barry 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Many cognitive and computational models have been proposed to help understand working memory. In this article, we present a simulation study of cortical processing of visual objects during several working memory tasks using an extended version of a previously constructed large-scale neural model [Tagamets, M. A., & Horwitz, B. Integrating electrophysiological and anatomical experimental data to create a large-scale model that simulates a delayed match-to-sample human brain imaging study. Cerebral Cortex, 8, 310–320, 1998]. The original model consisted of arrays of Wilson–Cowan type of neuronal populations representing primary and secondary visual cortices, inferotemporal (IT) cortex, and pFC. We added a module representing entorhinal cortex, which functions as a gating module. We successfully implemented multiple working memory tasks using the same model and produced neuronal patterns in visual cortex, IT cortex, and pFC that match experimental findings. These working memory tasks can include distractor stimuli or can require that multiple items be retained in mind during a delay period (Sternberg's task). Besides electrophysiology data and behavioral data, we also generated fMRI BOLD time series from our simulation. Our results support the involvement of IT cortex in working memory maintenance and suggest the cortical architecture underlying the neural mechanisms mediating particular working memory tasks. Furthermore, we noticed that, during simulations of memorizing a list of objects, the first and last items in the sequence were recalled best, which may implicate the neural mechanism behind this important psychological effect (i.e., the primacy and recency effect).
Dogs and Crime
Authors: Grooms Wes , Biddle DJ 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPrevious attempts to quantify the role that dogs play in mitigating household property crime rates have produced mixed results.gisand spatial analysis methods to conduct such an investigation are not well-represented in the anthrozoological academic press for an entire city. This study seeks to address these gaps using agis-based case study of dog license locations and reported property crime locations for land parcel data in the City of Milwaukee,wi, for 2011. We found that parcels with reported licensed dogs experienced property crime at rates of between 1.40 and 1.71 percentage points lower than the property crime rates for parcels that were zoned the same and did not have licensed dogs. This association between the presence of dogs and reduced property crime rates suggests dogs have a deterrent effect on property crime; more comprehensive analysis is encouraged to draw more concrete conclusions.
Modern Industry and the Peasant Economy in China (中国近代工业与小农经济)
Authors: Lin (林刚) Gang 
Published: July 2017

Since its early history, due to the various constraints in exchanging with other civilizations, China has relied mainly on domestic resources to satisfy the needs of its population for consumption and employment and to solve the challenges that confronted the state. Central to this solution is the combination of the agriculture of the peasant family with traditional industry and sidelines, a process that evolved over thousands of years of persistent experiments, in which the biggest challenge lay in the constant tension between population growth and the constraint of resources on the satisfaction of subsistence needs. The advent of Western influences in the late Qing period made available the products of mass-manufacturing by machines to Chinese peasants as raw materials of the family-based industry and sidelines, hence the addition of a new factor to the preexisting pattern of resource allocation. What emerged in modern China thus was an unprecedented “modern tripartite structure” that encompassed the new-style family economy, modern industrial economy, and traditional rural economy. Nevertheless, the loss of the country’s sovereign rights and the recurrence of war impeded the transformation of the traditional mode of production that entailed the intervention of the state; the same factors also explain the failure of spontaneous non-governmental forces in developing a national economy in which industry and agriculture grew in full coordination with each other.
由于国际交流环境的不利，中国自早期文明伊始，就只能主要依靠在领土范围内解决吃饭和就业等国计民生首要问题。这是靠小农家庭农业与工副业的结合，在数千年的不懈奋斗中完成的。农民家庭经济的最大问题是人口增加与谋生资源难以满足之间的压力。清末列强入侵后，农民紧紧抓住大机器产品作为家庭工副业的生产原料，为改进原有的资源配置增加了新因素。近代中国史无前例地出现了新式家庭经济、现代工业经济与传统农村经济的“近代三元结构”。但由于丧失国权、战乱频仍，需要国家之力介入的旧生产方式变革、工业与农业全方位协调发展的国民经济格局，未能由民间自发力量完成。(This article is in Chinese.)
A taxonomic revision of the Cardiocondyla nuda group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: SEIFERT BERNHARD , OKITA ICHIRO , HEINZE JÜRGEN 
Published: July 2017

A taxonomic revision of the Cardiocondyla nuda species group is presented based on methods of Numeric Morphology-Based Alpha-Taxonomy (NUMOBAT) and supplemented by analysis of mtDNA. A total of 258 samples with 571 worker individuals were investigated by the hierarchical and non-hierarchical exploratory data analyses NC-Ward and NC-K-Means clustering considering 16 NUMOBAT characters. Two species are described as new, increasing the number of species in the group to eight. We separate the group into two main clades: the C. mauritanica species complex, which is of Oriental and Indo-Australian origin and contains the cryptic species C. mauritanica Forel 1890, C. strigifrons Viehmeyer 1922, C. kagutsuchi Terayama 1999, and C. itsukii sp. nov. and the Australasian and Polynesian C. nuda species complex with the cryptic species C. nuda (Mayr 1866), C. atalanta Forel 1915, C. paranuda Seifert 2003, and C. compressa sp. nov. The mean error of the two NC-clustering methods relative to the controlling linear discriminant analysis was 0.4% in C. mauritanica, 2.2% in C. itsukii, 0% in C. strigifrons, 0% in C. kagutsuchi, 1.5% in C. nuda, 3.2% in C. atalanta and 3.2% in C. paranuda—all these data are below the 4% threshold recommended by the Pragmatic Species Concept. The morphologically determined species clusters were confirmed by mtDNA data with a rather strong sequence divergence among the cryptic species of the C. nuda complex of 5.6–7.9%. The mean mismatch of two different mtDNA analyses with NUMOBAT clustering was 5.4% in 54 samples of seven species of the C. nuda group for which mtDNA data were available. The mismatch thus is smaller than in many other studies of Eumetazoa in general or ants in particular and is probably explained by low frequencies of ancient hybridization and/or incomplete lineage sorting. Comments on zoogeography, colony demography and behavior are given in the species sections and determination keys are provided. Cardiocondyla ectopia Snelling 1974 and Leptothorax caparica Henin, Paiva & Collingwood 2002 (syn nov.) are synonymized under Cardiocondyla mauritanica. Cardiocondyla nuda sculptinodis is not a member of the C. nuda group and is moved to C. shuckardi sculptinodis, a revived combination.
The Nexus between Sea Ice and Polar Emissions of Marine Biogenic Aerosols
Authors: Gabric Albert , Matrai Patricia , Jones Graham , Middleton Julia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAccurate estimation of the climate sensitivity requires a better understanding of the nexus between polar marine ecosystem responses to warming, changes in sea ice extent, and emissions of marine biogenic aerosol (MBA). Sea ice brine channels contain very high concentrations of MBA precursors that, once ventilated, have the potential to alter cloud microphysical properties, such as cloud droplet number, and the regional radiative energy balance. In contrast to temperate latitudes, where the pelagic phytoplankton are major sources of MBAs, the seasonal sea ice dynamic plays a key role in determining MBA concentration in both the Arctic and Antarctic. We review the current knowledge of MBA sources and the link between ice melt and emissions of aerosol precursors in the polar oceans. We illustrate the processes by examining decadal-scale time series in various satellite-derived parameters such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), sea ice extent, and phytoplankton biomass in the sea ice zones of both hemispheres. The sharpest gradients in aerosol indicators occur during the spring period of ice melt. In sea ice–covered waters, the peak in AOD occurs well before the annual maximum in biomass in both hemispheres. The results provide strong evidence that suggests seasonal changes in sea ice and ocean biology are key drivers of the polar aerosol cycle. The positive trend in annual-mean Antarctic sea ice extent is now almost one-third of the magnitude of the annual-mean decrease in Arctic sea ice, suggesting the potential for different patterns of aerosol emissions in the future.
Why Are Arctic Linkages to Extreme Weather Still up in the Air?
Authors: Francis Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractShifting weather patterns, particularly increasing extreme events, are observed in populous midlatitudes, and connections to climate change are becoming clearer. The specific roles of rapid Arctic warming and sea ice loss in this story are a topic of intense research and controversy. Instead of converging on answers however, the science seems as unsettled as ever. Many new studies find evidence supporting Arctic–midlatitude linkages, while others report no robust signals. This article presents my interpretation of recent literature to illuminate possible causes of this discrepancy, which include a low signal-to-noise ratio, shortcomings in experiment design, ill-suited metrics of circulation changes, and deficiencies in models used to simulate atmospheric responses to rapid Arctic warming.
Seasonality of Deep Cycle Turbulence in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific
Authors: Pham Hieu T. , Smyth William D. , Sarkar Sutanu , Moum James N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe seasonal cycles of the various oceanic and atmospheric factors influencing the deep cycle of turbulence in the eastern Pacific cold tongue are explored. Moored observations at 140°W have shown seasonal variability in the stratification, velocity shear, and turbulence above the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). In boreal spring, the thermocline and EUC shoal and turbulence decreases. Marginal instability (clustering of the local gradient Richardson number around the critical value of 1/4), evident throughout the rest of the year, has not been detected during spring. While the daily averaged turbulent energy dissipation in the EUC is weakest during the spring, it is not clear whether the diurnal fluctuations that define the deep cycle cease. Large-eddy simulations are performed using climatological initial and boundary conditions representative of January, April, July, and October. Deep cycle turbulence is evident in all cases; the mechanism remains the same, and the maximum turbulence levels are similar. In the April simulation, however, the deep cycle is confined to the uppermost ~30 m, explaining why it has not been detected in moored microstructure observations.
Is Facial or Head Pain Related to the Location of Lesions on Computed Tomography in Chronic Rhinosinusitis?
Authors: Yeo Nam-Kyung , Park Woo Joo , Ryu In Sun , Lim Hyun Woo , Song Yong Jin 
Published: July 2017

Background: Facial or head pain is not an infrequent symptom among patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but few reports have investigated the pain in CRS, including the relationship between pain and sites of CRS. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pain is related to the location of lesions on computed tomography (CT) in CRS. Methods: We analyzed 203 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for 2 years. Patients were assessed using the questionnaires on pain, provided 1 day prior to the operation and 6 months post operation. Sites of CRS were evaluated using CT. We analyzed whether the degree of inflammation in each sinus had an effect on the location of pain. Results: Seventy-eight patients (38.4%) had preoperative facial or head pain. There was no difference in the sinus inflammation scores in CT findings, based on the presence of pain. Pain was most commonly located in the periorbital area, followed by the frontal, vertex, occipital, and facial areas. No significant correlation was found between the sinuses and the location of pain. Conclusions: This study indicates that in CRS patients, several sites of pain are involved, particularly in the periorbital area; these sites were not found to be related to the location of CRS.
An Overview of Taranaki Region Geology, New Zealand
Authors: King P.R. , Robinson P.H. 
Published: July 2017

Recent revisions to the paleontologic dating and lithologic correlation of the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic sediments in many wells have improved the chronostratigraphic framework for the Taranaki Basin. When combined with detailed seismic mapping and results of a study of basement trends, refinements to the timing of major structural and sedimentary events in the basin's history can be made. A resultant series of paleogeographic maps is presented. The Taranaki Basin has developed primarily within an extensional tectonic regime, with a compressional overprint occurring variously in places from early Miocene to Pliocene. An overall transgressive sedimentary cycle existed from the late Cretaceous to early Miocene. Thereafter a generally regressive trend has continued to the present day. Subsidence patterns were broadly similar across the basin until the late Miocene, whereupon tectonic controls on basin morphology and sedimentation became more diverse.
Energy Market Opportunities Post-Maui
Authors: Saha G. 
Published: July 2017

As supply from the Maui and other existing producing fields decline, petroleum explorers and developers need to address the question Who will be the indigenous oil and gas customers post Maui? This paper discusses major macro- and micro-environmental trends which will influence likely market opportunities. Two sub-markets are examined. First, what trends impact on current oil and gas customers. Second, what other new customers might arise. The macro-environment trends cover important economic, political, legislation, socio-economic and technical parameters. The micro-environment trends cover energy market structures and pricing parameters.