bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced graphene oxide as a stable and high-capacity cathode material for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Ali Ghulam , Mehmood Asad , Ha Heung Yong , Kim Jaehoon , Chung Kyung Yoon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe report the feasibility of using reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as a cost-effective and high performance cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Graphene oxide is synthesized by a modified Hummers’ method and reduced using a solid-state microwave irradiation method. The RGO electrode delivers an exceptionally stable discharge capacity of 240 mAh g−1 with a stable long cycling up to 1000 cycles. A discharge capacity of 134 mAh g−1 is obtained at a high current density of 600 mA g−1, and the electrode recovers a capacity of 230 mAh g−1 when the current density is reset to 15 mA g−1 after deep cycling, thus demonstrating the excellent stability of the electrode with sodium de/intercalation. The successful use of the RGO electrode demonstrated in this study is expected to facilitate the emergence of low-cost and sustainable carbon-based materials for SIB cathode applications.
Enhancing dielectric permittivity for energy-storage devices through tricritical phenomenon
Authors: Gao Jinghui , Wang Yan , Liu Yongbin , Hu Xinghao , Ke Xiaoqin , Zhong Lisheng , He Yuting , Ren Xiaobing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlthough dielectric energy-storing devices are frequently used in high voltage level, the fast growing on the portable and wearable electronics have been increasing the demand on the energy-storing devices at finite electric field strength. This paper proposes an approach on enhancing energy density under low electric field through compositionally inducing tricriticality in Ba(Ti,Sn)O3ferroelectric material system with enlarged dielectric response. The optimal dielectric permittivity at tricritical point can reach toεr = 5.4 × 104, and the associated energy density goes to around 30 mJ/cm3at the electric field of 10 kV/cm, which exceeds most of the selected ferroelectric materials at the same field strength. The microstructure nature for such a tricritical behavior shows polarization inhomogeneity in nanometeric scale, which indicates a large polarizability under external electric field. Further phenomenological Landau modeling suggests that large dielectric permittivity and energy density can be ascribed to the vanishing of energy barrier for polarization altering caused by tricriticality. Our results may shed light on developing energy-storing dielectrics with large permittivity and energy density at low electric field.
Molecular mechanism of the allosteric regulation of the αγ heterodimer of human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase
Authors: Ma Tengfei , Peng Yingjie , Huang Wei , Ding Jianping 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHuman NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate (ICT) into α-ketoglutarate in the Krebs cycle. It exists as the α2βγ heterotetramer composed of the αβ and αγ heterodimers. Previously, we have demonstrated biochemically that the α2βγ heterotetramer and αγ heterodimer can be allosterically activated by citrate (CIT) and ADP. In this work, we report the crystal structures of the αγ heterodimer with the γ subunit bound without or with different activators. Structural analyses show that CIT, ADP and Mg2+ bind adjacent to each other at the allosteric site. The CIT binding induces conformational changes at the allosteric site, which are transmitted to the active site through the heterodimer interface, leading to stabilization of the ICT binding at the active site and thus activation of the enzyme. The ADP binding induces no further conformational changes but enhances the CIT binding through Mg2+-mediated interactions, yielding a synergistic activation effect. ICT can also bind to the CIT-binding subsite, which induces similar conformational changes but exhibits a weaker activation effect. The functional roles of the key residues are verified by mutagenesis, kinetic and structural studies. Our structural and functional data together reveal the molecular mechanism of the allosteric regulation of the αγ heterodimer.
Dispersion of nonresonant third-order nonlinearities in Silicon Carbide
Authors: De Leonardis Francesco , Soref Richard A. , Passaro Vittorio M. N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper we present a physical discussion of the indirect two-photon absorption (TPA) occuring in silicon carbide with either cubic or wurtzite structure. Phonon-electron interaction is analyzed by finding the phonon features involved in the process as depending upon the crystal symmetry. Consistent physical assumptions about the phonon-electron scattering mechanisms are proposed in order to give a mathematical formulation to predict the wavelength dispersion of TPA and the Kerr nonlinear refractive index n2. The TPA spectrum is investigated including the effects of band nonparabolicity and the influence of the continuum exciton. Moreover, a parametric analysis is presented in order to fit the experimental measurements. Finally, we have estimated the n2 in a large wavelength range spanning the visible to the mid-IR region.
Remote cooling by a novel thermal lens with anisotropic positive thermal conductivity
Authors: Sun Fei , He Sailing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA novel thermal lens that can achieve a remote cooling effect is designed by transformation thermodynamics. The effective distance between the separate hot source and cold source is shortened by our shelled thermal lens without any negative thermal conductivity. Numerical simulations verify the performance of our thermal lens. Based on the effective medium theory, we also propose a practical way to realize our lens using two-layered isotropic thermal media that are both found in nature. The proposed thermal lens will have potential applications in remote temperature control and in creating other thermal illusions.
Adolescents display distinctive tolerance to ambiguity and to uncertainty during risky decision making
Authors: van den Bos Wouter , Hertwig Ralph 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlthough actuarial data indicate that risk-taking behavior peaks in adolescence, laboratory evidence for this developmental spike remains scarce. One possible explanation for this incongruity is that in the real world adolescents often have only vague information about the potential consequences of their behavior and the likelihoods of those consequences, whereas in the lab these are often clearly stated. How do adolescents behave under such more realistic conditions of ambiguity and uncertainty? We asked 105 participants aged from 8 to 22 years to make three types of choices: (1) choices between options whose possible outcomes and probabilities were fully described (choices under risk); (2) choices between options whose possible outcomes were described but whose probability information was incomplete (choices under ambiguity), and (3) choices between unknown options whose possible outcomes and probabilities could be explored (choices under uncertainty). Relative to children and adults, two adolescent-specific markers emerged. First, adolescents were more accepting of ambiguity; second, they were also more accepting of uncertainty (as indicated by shorter pre-decisional search). Furthermore, this tolerance of the unknown was associated with motivational, but not cognitive, factors. These findings offer novel insights into the psychology of adolescent risk taking.
Milrinone Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Neonates with Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Authors: Giaccone Annie , Zuppa Athena , Sood Beena , Cohen Meryl , O'Byrne Michael , Moorthy Ganesh , Mathur Amit , Kirpalani Haresh 
Published: January 2017

Objective To describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of milrinone in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and to explore the impact of age on milrinone disposition.
Design Randomized, open label pilot study.
Setting Multicenter; level 3 and level 4 neonatal intensive care units.
Patients Six infants ≥34 weeks' gestational age and <10 days of life with persistent hypoxemia receiving inhaled nitric oxide.
Intervention Intravenous milrinone lactate in one of two dosing regimens: (1) low dose, 20 mcg/kg bolus followed by 0.2 mcg/kg/minute, and (2) standard dose, 50 mcg/kg bolus followed by 0.5 mcg/kg/minute.
Measurements and Main Results The final structural model was a two-compartment disposition model with interindividual variability estimated on clearance (CL). The estimated value of CL is 7.65 mL/minute/3.4 kg (3.05 mL/minute/kg). The addition of age improved the precision of the CL estimate, and CL increased with chronological age in days. The oxygenation index was highly variable within each participant and improved with time. There were no observed safety concerns in either dosing group.
Conclusion The CL of milrinone in newborns with PPHN is reduced and increases with age. In this pilot study, we did not see significant pharmacodynamic or safety effects associated with drug exposure.
Stress granule-associated protein G3BP2 regulates breast tumor initiation
Authors: Gupta Nisha , Badeaux Mark , Liu Yiqian , Naxerova Kamila , Sgroi Dennis , Munn Lance L. , Jain Rakesh K. , Garkavtsev Igor 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Malignant breast tumors consist of supporting stromal cells and epithelial cancerous cells. The cancer cell population is fueled by a reservoir of tumor-initiating cells, and these cells can give rise to the bulk of the tumor. Some breast cancer cell populations with vast proliferative potential may be intrinsically resistant to standard anticancer therapy. This intrinsic resistance may partially explain the limitations of these therapies in curing cancer patients and suggest a reason for relapse. In this study, we demonstrate that loss of GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding protein 2 (G3BP2) inhibits breast tumor initiation, a finding that may lead to improved cancer treatments.
Drivers of Rift Valley fever epidemics in Madagascar
Authors: Lancelot Renaud , Béral Marina , Rakotoharinome Vincent Michel , Andriamandimby Soa-Fy , Héraud Jean-Michel , Coste Caroline , Apolloni Andrea , Squarzoni-Diaw Cécile , de La Rocque Stéphane , Formenty Pierre B. H. , Bouyer Jérémy , Wint G. R. William , Cardinale Eric 
Published: January 2017

SignificanceRift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging, mosquito-borne viral infection of ruminants, transmissible to people, and linked to rainfall. By investigating a wider range of possible drivers this study confirms the assumption that RVF occurrence can also be dependent on nonenvironmental drivers. In Madagascar, human and ruminant infections were geographically distinct, with introduction and long-distance disease spread linked to livestock trading. Human infections were highest in those involved with slaughtering and handling fresh meat. The identification of possible introduction routes, major cattle trade hubs, and areas of high risk to ruminants has shown how multidisciplinary analyses are needed to properly understand disease dynamics and spread, thereby improving early detection and prevention of RVF in humans.
Scene-selective coding by single neurons in the human parahippocampal cortex
Authors: Mormann Florian , Kornblith Simon , Cerf Moran , Ison Matias J. , Kraskov Alexander , Tran Michelle , Knieling Simeon , Quian Quiroga Rodrigo , Koch Christof , Fried Itzhak 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Neurons in the human parahippocampal cortex explicitly code for scenes, rather than people, animals, or objects. More specifically, they respond to outdoor pictures, rather than to indoor pictures, and to stimuli with rather than without spatial layout. These scene-selective neurons are spatially clustered and receive spatially clustered inputs reflected by an event-related local field potential (LFP). Furthermore, these neurons form a distributed population code that is less sparse than codes found elsewhere in the human medial temporal lobe. Our findings thus provide insight into the electrophysiological (single unit and LFP) substrates underlying the parahippocampal place area, a structure well-known from neuroimaging.
β-Catenin haploinsufficiency promotes mammary tumorigenesis in an ErbB2-positive basal breast cancer model
Authors: Bui Tung , Schade Babette , Cardiff Robert D. , Aina Olulanu H. , Sanguin-Gendreau Virginie , Muller William J. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Although the oncogenic potential of β-catenin as a transcriptional factor is well-established, its role as a critical component of adherens junctions during tumorigenesis remains elusive. Using two transgenic mouse models of ErbB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis that recapitulate either luminal or basal human breast cancer, we show that β-catenin is required for proper adherens junction formation and that, consequently, β-catenin haploinsufficiency promotes aggressive mammary tumorigenesis. This haploinsufficient phenotype is unique to a basal ErbB2-driven model with a preexisting aberrant activation of β-catenin signaling, highlighting a tumor suppressor role of β-catenin, similar to other adherens junction proteins, in maintaining junctional integrity and a complex interplay between its junctional and transcriptional roles in facilitating tumor progression.
Atrial natriuretic peptide regulates adipose tissue accumulation in adult atria
Authors: Suffee Nadine , Moore-Morris Thomas , Farahmand Patrick , Rücker-Martin Catherine , Dilanian Gilles , Fradet Magali , Sawaki Daigo , Derumeaux Geneviève , LePrince Pascal , Clément Karine , Dugail Isabelle , Puceat Michel , Hatem Stéphane N. 
Published: January 2017

SignificanceAtrial fibrillation is the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia and is a major cause of stroke. Recently, it has been shown that the adipose tissue that accumulates at the surface of the heart contributes to the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation by favoring fibrosis of the neighboring myocardium. However, the cellular origin of adult cardiac fat tissue is unknown. Here, we show that resident progenitor cells of the external layer of the heart, referred to as the “epicardium,” are a source of adipocytes through an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process. The atrial natriuretic peptide, which is secreted by atrial myocytes, is a potent factor in the differentiation of epicardial progenitors in adipocytes. Our data uncover cross-talk between myocardial mechanical properties and adipose tissue expansion.
Unlocking Tn3-family transposase activity in vitro unveils an asymetric pathway for transposome assembly
Authors: Nicolas Emilien , Oger Cédric A. , Nguyen Nathan , Lambin Michaël , Draime Amandine , Leterme Sébastien C. , Chandler Michael , Hallet Bernard F. J. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
The Tn3 family of transposons, discovered in the early 1970s, represents a serious threat to human health because of its prevalence in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and, indirectly, because of its involvement in xenobiotic metabolism and in the transmission of plant pathogenicity determinants. Astonishingly, their transposition mechanism has yet to be elucidated. We have started to unravel this mechanism by reconstituting the transposition reaction of the Tn3-family transposon Tn4430 in a cell-free in vitro system. The assays also were used to characterize transposase mutants affected in target immunity, a phenomenon whereby a given transposon avoids inserting more than once into the same DNA target. The data support a tentative model linking target immunity with transposition complex assembly and activation.
Selection against variants in the genome associated with educational attainment
Authors: Kong Augustine , Frigge Michael L. , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Stefansson Hreinn , Young Alexander I. , Zink Florian , Jonsdottir Gudrun A. , Okbay Aysu , Sulem Patrick , Masson Gisli , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Helgason Agnar , Bjornsdottir Gyda , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Stefansson Kari 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Epidemiological studies suggest that educational attainment is affected by genetic variants. Results from recent genetic studies allow us to construct a score from a person’s genotypes that captures a portion of this genetic component. Using data from Iceland that include a substantial fraction of the population we show that individuals with high scores tend to have fewer children, mainly because they have children later in life. Consequently, the average score has been decreasing over time in the population. The rate of decrease is small per generation but marked on an evolutionary timescale. Another important observation is that the association between the score and fertility remains highly significant after adjusting for the educational attainment of the individuals.
Genomic analysis reveals major determinants ofcis-regulatory variation inCapsella grandiflora
Authors: Steige Kim A. , Laenen Benjamin , Reimegård Johan , Scofield Douglas G. , Slotte Tanja 
Published: January 2017

SignificanceDespite long-standing interest in the contribution ofcis-regulatory changes to adaptation, we still have a limited understanding of the selective importance and genomic determinants ofcis-regulatory variation in natural populations. We use a combination of analyses of allele-specific expression and population genomic analyses to investigate the selective forces and genomic determinants ofcis-regulatory variation in the outcrossing plant speciesCapsella grandiflora. We conclude that gene-specific functional constraints shapecis-regulatory variation and that genes withcis-regulatory variation are under relaxed purifying selection compared with other genes. Finally, we identify a link between gene body methylation and the extent ofcis-regulatory constraint in natural populations.
α-Actinin/titin interaction: A dynamic and mechanically stable cluster of bonds in the muscle Z-disk
Authors: Grison Marco , Merkel Ulrich , Kostan Julius , Djinović-Carugo Kristina , Rief Matthias 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Muscle is the tissue in our body experiencing most extreme mechanical forces. The mechanism of active force generation has been investigated for more than 50 y and is fairly well understood. However, despite its physiological significance, it is still unknown what mechanical linkages hold together the muscle machinery under passive stretching forces. In this paper, we show with direct mechanical single-molecule measurements that an array of titin/α-actinin bonds composes a dynamic network that can provide stable anchoring, maintaining the integrity of the muscle Z-disk even under load. This dynamic network explains how components of the Z-disk are able to rapidly rearrange and, at the same time, form a long-term stable mechanical structure.
Myofibril breakdown during atrophy is a delayed response requiring the transcription factor PAX4 and desmin depolymerization
Authors: Volodin Alexandra , Kosti Idit , Goldberg Alfred Lewis , Cohen Shenhav 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Muscle wasting as occurs with disuse, spinal injuries, aging, and many diseases (including cancer, sepsis, and renal failure) results primarily from the accelerated destruction of the myofibrillar apparatus, although the molecular mechanisms for this effect are largely unclear. To gain insight into the sequence of events leading to myofibril destruction, we studied the atrophy induced by denervation. We found that phosphorylation and ubiquitination of the desmin cytoskeleton precede its depolymerization, which eventually causes myofibril destruction. We further uncovered a delayed phase in the atrophy process, which involves the induction of genes that facilitate myofibril breakdown, including the AAA-ATPase p97/VCP, by the transcription factor paired box 4 (PAX4). Consequently, desmin phosphorylation, p97/VCP, and PAX4 may represent new therapeutic targets to reduce myofibril breakdown during atrophy.
Active MLKL triggers the NLRP3 inflammasome in a cell-intrinsic manner
Authors: Conos Stephanie A. , Chen Kaiwen W. , De Nardo Dominic , Hara Hideki , Whitehead Lachlan , Núñez Gabriel , Masters Seth L. , Murphy James M. , Schroder Kate , Vaux David L. , Lawlor Kate E. , Lindqvist Lisa M. , Vince James E. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Necroptotic cell death is mediated by activation of the mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). The inflammation associated with this form of cell death is thought to be due to the release of proinflammatory cellular contents after plasma membrane rupture. In contrast to this prevailing view, we show that MLKL activates the innate immune receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in a cell-intrinsic manner. Importantly, we show that MLKL-mediated NLRP3 and caspase-1 activation and the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is a major determinant of necroptotic-derived inflammatory signals. These findings suggest that NLRP3 and IL-1β may be relevant therapeutic targets in MLKL-driven diseases.
Thermal-driven domain and cargo transport in lipid membranes
Authors: Talbot Emma L. , Parolini Lucia , Kotar Jurij , Di Michele Lorenzo , Cicuta Pietro 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Giant phospholipid and sterol vesicles can separate into coexisting phase domains, observable by fluorescence microscopy. The morphology and motility of these domains provides a simplified model for processes in the plasma membrane of cells. Previous studies maintained a uniform temperature across a vesicle and showed that the morphology of the domains depends on the membrane composition and temperature. We observed the nonequilibrium behavior of domains due to a temperature gradient, revealing domain migration toward higher temperatures. This motion provides a method for controlling the localization of each phase. Species that associate with the sterol-rich regions, such as DNA constructs, can also be actively transported on the vesicle surface, allowing control over the distribution and confinement of that species via vesicle morphology.
Dynamic PIN-FORMED auxin efflux carrier phosphorylation at the plasma membrane controls auxin efflux-dependent growth
Authors: Weller Benjamin , Zourelidou Melina , Frank Lena , Barbosa Inês C. R. , Fastner Astrid , Richter Sandra , Jürgens Gerd , Hammes Ulrich Z. , Schwechheimer Claus 
Published: January 2017

Significance
The distribution of the hormone auxin controls most processes in plant development. Auxin distribution within the plant requires PIN transporters and efficient PIN-mediated transport requires PIN phosphorylation. Phosphorylation seemingly also controls auxin transport by targeting PINs to specific sides of the cell. Understanding how auxin is directed and activated through phosphorylation is essential to understand plant growth. Two different protein kinases targeting the same phosphosites in PIN1 can activate auxin efflux. Surprisingly, however, only one affects PIN1 polar distribution. Here, we show that the differential effects of the two kinases on PIN1 cannot be explained by phosphorylation at the established phosphosites, and suggest that a more complex model is needed to explain the effects of the kinase on PIN1 polarity.