bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case History Risk Factors for Specific Language Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rudolph Johanna M. 
Published: July 2017

PurposeResearch suggests that the best approach to early identification of children with specific language impairment (SLI) should include assessment of risk factors. However, previous attempts to develop a list for this purpose have been unsuccessful. In this study, systematic review and meta-analytic procedures were used to determine whether any case history factors can be used to identify toddlers at risk of developing SLI.MethodEpidemiological studies that examined the association between risk factors and SLI were identified. Results across studies were aggregated to determine more precisely the strength of association between each risk factor and the development of SLI. The clinical significance of these factors was established via comparison to late talker status.ResultsEleven risk factors were found to be statistically significant predictors of SLI. Among these, maternal education level, 5-min Apgar score, birth order, and biological sex met criteria for clinical significance.ConclusionsAt least 4 case history factors are as predictive as late talker status in the context of early identification of toddlers at risk for SLI. The findings of this review highlight the importance of taking a child's genetic and environmental context into consideration when deciding whether further evaluation and early intervention services are warranted.Supplemental Materialshttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5150122
Ecologically Valid Assessment of Prospective Memory for Task Planning and Execution by Adults With Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Brown Jessica , Hux Karen 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) often struggle due to inadequate planning and execution skills for completing nonroutine tasks. This study's purpose was to pilot ecologically valid procedures to assess planning for and execution of prospective daily activities.

Method
Participants included 9 adults with histories of severe ABI and 9 controls. Data collection included both prospective task planning and execution. First, participants created a plan for later execution of daily tasks in accordance with preestablished rules. Over the subsequent 10 days, participants independently attempted task completion. Differences within and between participant groups regarding planning and task performance were evaluated statistically and through examiner observation.

Results
Participants with ABI implemented minimal planning strategies. They demonstrated highly variable performance and displayed substantially greater difficulty initiating and successfully executing tasks in adherence to rules than participants without ABI.

Conclusions
Evaluating planning strategies and execution of novel prospective tasks is a crucial but often neglected aspect of assessment following ABI. Implementing ecologically valid procedures to evaluate this aspect of functioning can reveal individual strengths and challenges and provide guidance for developing effective intervention programs. Examining potential roles played by planning and strategy execution provides critical assessment information relating to independent living.
Assessing the Importance of Lexical Tone Contour to Sentence Perception in Mandarin-Speaking Children With Normal Hearing
Authors: Zhu Shufeng , Wong Lena L. N. , Wang Bin , Chen Fei 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of lexical tone contour and age on sentence perception in quiet and in noise conditions in Mandarin-speaking children ages 7 to 11 years with normal hearing.

Method
Test materials were synthesized Mandarin sentences, each word with a manipulated lexical contour, that is, normal contour, flat contour, or a tone contour randomly selected from the four Mandarin lexical tone contours. A convenience sample of 75 Mandarin-speaking participants with normal hearing, ages 7, 9, and 11 years (25 participants in each age group), was selected. Participants were asked to repeat the synthesized speech in quiet and in speech spectrum–shaped noise at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio.

Results
In quiet, sentence recognition by the 11-year-old children was similar to that of adults, and misrepresented lexical tone contours did not have a detrimental effect. However, the performance of children ages 9 and 7 years was significantly poorer. The performance of all three age groups, especially the younger children, declined significantly in noise.

Conclusions
The present research suggests that lexical tone contour plays an important role in Mandarin sentence recognition, and misrepresented tone contours result in greater difficulty in sentence recognition in younger children. These results imply that maturation and/or language use experience play a role in the processing of tone contours for Mandarin speech understanding, particularly in noise.
Long-Acting Reversible Contraception
Authors: Machado Rogerio Bonassi , Monteiro Ilza Maria Urbano , Magalhães Jarbas , Guazzelli Cristina Aparecida Falbo , Brito Milena Bastos , Finotti Marta Franco , Lubianca Jaqueline Neves , Sakamoto Luis Carlos , Franceschini Silvio Antonio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUnwanted pregnancy is a major public health problem both in developed and developing countries. Although the reduction in the rates of these pregnancies requires multifactorial approaches, increasing access to long-acting contraceptive methods can contribute significantly to change this scenario. In Brazil, gynecologists and obstetricians play a key role in contraceptive counseling, being decisive in the choice of long-acting reversible methods, characterized by intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the contraceptive implant. The vast scope due to the reduced number of situations to indicate long-acting methods should be emphasized in routine contraceptive counseling. On the other hand, gynecologists and obstetricians should adapt the techniques of insertion of long-acting methods, and engage in facilitating conditions to access these contraceptives through public and private health systems in Brazil. This study is part of a project called Diretrizes e Recomendações FEBRASGO (Guidelines and Recommendations of the FEBRASGO – Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations from the Portuguese acronym). It aims to review the main characteristics of long-acting contraceptives and critically consider the current situation and future prospects to improve access to these methods, proposing practical recommendations of interest in the routine of gynecologists and obstetricians.
Therapie der chronischen metabolischen Azidose bei Hämodialysepatienten in Deutschland – Sind wir auf dem neuesten Stand?
Authors: Geiger Helmut , Jung Oliver 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die chronische metabolische Azidose ist eine häufige Begleiterkrankung niereninsuffizienter Patienten, auch unter Hämodialysetherapie. Aktuelle Ergebnisse der DOPPS-Studie zeigen, dass hohe Bicarbonatkonzentrationen während der Dialyse mit einer erhöhten Mortalität der Patienten assoziiert sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde die aktuelle Situation in deutschen Dialysezentren evaluiert: Inwiefern kommen Leitlinienempfehlungen in der täglichen Routine an und gilt dies auch für neue Studiendaten?
Methoden Es wurde eine Umfrage unter 2096 deutschen Nephrologen durchgeführt, um mehr über das aktuelle Vorgehen bei der Therapie chronischer metabolischer Azidose zu erfahren. Es wurden 280 auswertbare Antworten erhalten und deskriptiv ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Eine Blutgasanalyse wurde von 75 (27 %) der befragten Nephrologen wöchentlich durchgeführt, von 56 (20 %) monatlich, von 54 (19 %) alle drei Monate, von 14 (5 %) seltener oder nicht routinemäßig (8 [3 %]). Für den Zeitpunkt der Blutgasanalyse wurde in den meisten Fällen „vor der Dialyse“ angegeben (232; 83 %). 57 (20 %) der Befragten gaben an, darüber hinaus routinemäßig eine Blutgasanalyse auch am Ende der Dialysesitzung durchzuführen, 9 (3 %) auch während der Dialysesitzung, 55 (20 %) zusätzlich „bei Bedarf“. Orales Bicarbonat wird von 155 (66 %) der befragten Nephrologen bei Dialysebeginn abgesetzt. 62 von diesen (22 %) verwenden grundsätzlich kein orales Bicarbonat, 123 (44 %) setzen es zunächst ab und verordnen nur bei Bedarf neu. 94 (34 %) der Befragten behalten eine Behandlung mit oralem Bicarbonat bei und passen bei Bedarf die Dosierung an.
Diskussion Es besteht vereinzelt Bedarf an Implementierung neuester Studienevidenz und Leitlinien zur Diagnostik und Therapie chronischer metabolischer Azidose: Etwa ein Viertel der befragten Nephrologen führt eine Blutgasanalyse nur alle 3 Monate oder seltener durch, obwohl die KDIGO-Leitlinien eine monatliche Blutgasanalyse empfehlen. Auch erfolgt eine Überprüfung des Bicarbonatstatus nach der Dialyse nur selten. Sollten hierbei vermehrt alkalotische Episoden festgestellt werden, ist statt der Zufuhr von Bicarbonat über die Dialyse eine regelmäßige Therapie mit oralem, magensaftresistentem Bicarbonat eine gute Alternative.
Driving Performance of Depressed Patients who are Untreated or Receive Long-Term Antidepressant (SSRI/SNRI) Treatment
Authors: van der Sluiszen Nick , Wingen Marleen , Vermeeren Annemiek , Vinckenbosch Frederick , Jongen Stefan , Ramaekers Johannes 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Introduction Depression is a mental disorder likely to affect everyday functions. The present study aimed to assess actual driving performance of depressed patients who were without specific antidepressant treatment or received long-term antidepressant treatment.
Methods A standardized on-the-road driving test was used to assess standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) in 3 patient groups receiving either no antidepressant treatment (with or without benzodiazepine medication) or treatment with selective serotonin/noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors for a period of 6–52 weeks. Severity of depression was assessed using Beck’s Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The performance of patient groups was compared to healthy controls.
Results The mean SDLP of untreated and treated patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. Driving impairment in the long-term treated group was significantly less than in the untreated groups. SDLP was positively correlated to severity of depression across all groups.
Discussion It is concluded that symptoms of depression are a major cause of driving impairment. Reductions in severity of depression through antidepressant treatment reduce severity of driving impairment.
Angst. Panik. Hausarzt-
Authors: Hofer-Moser Otto 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag thematisiert den hilfreichen ärztlichen Umgang mit Angst- und Panikzuständen unterschiedlicher Intensität, mit denen Patienten in Bezug auf mögliche bzw. tatsächliche Erkrankungen reagieren. Der erste Teil vermittelt ein Verständnis evolutionsbiologischer und neurobiologischer Aspekte dieser Ängste, konzipiert als Furcht-Kognitions-System, Panik-Bindungs-System und basale Emotionssysteme. Dieses Verständnis vermag den konkreten klinischen Umgang mit diesen Ängsten zu erleichtern, indem es bereits bewährte klinische Interventionsstrategien für diese Situationen bestätigt und darüber hinaus hilft, diese Strategien differenzierter und überzeugter einzusetzen. Die konkreten Konsequenzen für den Praxisalltag werden im zweiten Teil des Beitrages näher ausgeführt. Aufgrund der Länge wird der Beitrag in unterschiedlichen Balintheften veröffentlicht.
Jack Bean Urease Inhibitors, and Antioxidant Activity Based on Palmitic acid Derived 1-acyl-3- Arylthioureas: Synthesis, Kinetic Mechanism and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Saeed Aamer , ur-Rehman Sajid , Channar Pervaiz , Larik Fayaz , Abbas Qamar , Hassan Mubashir , Raza Hussain , Seo Sung-Yum 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA series of acylthioureas was synthesized and their inhibitory effects on the DPPH and jack bean urease were evaluated. The results showed that all of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant jack bean urease inhibitory activities. Especially, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3 palmitoylthiourea 5a bearing 4-chloro substituted phenyl ring exhibited the most potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value 0.0170 μM compared to the IC50 value of 4.720 μM of thiourea used as standard. The inhibition mechanism analyzed by Lineweaver–Burk plots revealed that the type of inhibition of compound 5a on tyrosinase was noncompetitive. The docking study against jack bean urease enzyme was also performed to determine the binding affinity of the compounds. The compounds 4c and 4e showed the highest binding affinity with the active binding site of tyrosinase. The initial structure activity relationships (SARs) analysis suggested that further development of such compounds might be of interest. The statistics of our results endorses that all compounds and particularly 5a may serve as a structural template for the design and development of novel urease inhibitors Graphical Abstract.
Measuring shared variants in cohorts of discordant siblings with applications to autism
Authors: Ye Kenny , Iossifov Ivan , Levy Dan , Yamrom Boris , Buja Andreas , Krieger Abba M. , Wigler Michael 
Published: July 2017

Significance
We developed a statistical method that detects if shared ancestral genetic variants contribute to a disorder by analyzing common variant data from cohorts that include discordant sibling pairs. We applied this method to two published datasets of autism families and found strong evidence that shared ancestral genetic variants contribute to autism spectrum disorders.
Bacteria-mediated hypoxia functions as a signal for mosquito development
Authors: Coon Kerri L. , Valzania Luca , McKinney David A. , Vogel Kevin J. , Brown Mark R. , Strand Michael R. 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceMosquitoes are important insects because several species transmit pathogens as adults that cause disease in humans and other vertebrates. One approach for control is preventing immature mosquitoes from developing into adults. Immature-stage mosquitoes require gut bacteria to develop, but the mechanisms underlying this dependence are unknown. Here, we identify cytochromebdoxidase as a bacterial product involved in mosquito development. We also show that bacteria-mediated reduction of oxygen levels in the digestive tract of larvae serves as a signal for molting. These findings provide the first evidence that aerobic respiration by bacteria plays an essential role in mosquito development. This information can also potentially be used to develop tools for disabling the growth of larval mosquitoes into adults.
Application of metabolic controls for the maximization of lipid production in semicontinuous fermentation
Authors: Xu Jingyang , Liu Nian , Qiao Kangjian , Vogg Sebastian , Stephanopoulos Gregory 
Published: July 2017

Significance
This work establishes a semicontinuous process for efficient and complete upgrading of low-strength acetic acid into lipids. By implementing control strategies in response to the time-varying nature of cell metabolism, we achieved and sustained lipid yields close to the theoretical maximum while maintaining high productivities. The control algorithm was designed to respond to readily available real-time measurements and basic principles, which is ideal for industrial applications. Overall, our process scheme can directly take in dilute nutrient streams that are difficult and costly to purify and is able to biologically convert them into highly concentrated value-added products. This design significantly reduces the energy costs associated with processes using dilute feedstocks, which typically require initial concentration of the feed.
Transitional–turbulent spots and turbulent–turbulent spots in boundary layers
Authors: Wu Xiaohua , Moin Parviz , Wallace James M. , Skarda Jinhie , Lozano-Durán Adrián , Hickey Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Uncovering the constitutive coherent structure in the inner layer of the canonical turbulent boundary layer has remained a central fluid mechanics theme, because it tests our intellectual ability to understand even the simplest external flow. We describe here how turbulent spots are initiated in bypass boundary-layer transition and uncover the ubiquity of concentrations of vortices in the fully turbulent region with characteristics remarkably like transitional–turbulent spots. We present strong evidence that these concentrations of vortices are the constitutive coherent structure of the inner layer near the wall. This study contributes to the unification of understanding of phenomena occurring in boundary-layer late-stage transition with near-wall turbulent boundary-layer structure and dynamics in the developed flow.
Pig model mimicking chronic hepatitis E virus infection in immunocompromised patients to assess immune correlates during chronicity
Authors: Cao Dianjun , Cao Qian M. , Subramaniam Sakthivel , Yugo Danielle M. , Heffron C. Lynn , Rogers Adam J. , Kenney Scott P. , Tian Debin , Matzinger Shannon R. , Overend Christopher , Catanzaro Nicholas , LeRoith Tanya , Wang Heng , Piñeyro Pablo , Lindstrom Nicole , Clark-Deener Sherrie , Yuan Lijuan , Meng Xiang-Jin 
Published: July 2017

Significance
An estimated 20 million hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections occur yearly worldwide, leading to 56,600 deaths. Chronic HEV infection has recently become a significant clinical problem in immunocompromised individuals such as organ transplant patients. The lack of an animal model greatly hinders our ability to study chronic HEV infection and develop therapeutics. Here we report the successful development a pig model of chronic HEV infection by mimicking the conditions of immunocompromised organ transplant patients. We demonstrate that active suppression of HEV-specific cell-mediated immune responses under immunocompromised conditions may facilitate the establishment of chronic HEV infection. This unique model now affords the opportunity to delineate the mechanism leading to chronicity and to test specific antivirals against chronic hepatitis E.
Stem caecilian from the Triassic of Colorado sheds light on the origins of Lissamphibia
Authors: Pardo Jason D. , Small Bryan J. , Huttenlocker Adam K. 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceResearch into modern amphibian origins is increasingly focusing on the limbless caecilians, a poorly studied group whose pre-Cenozoic fossils are limited to two species. We describe tiny fossils from the Triassic of Colorado with a mixture of traits found in caecilians and extinct Permian–Triassic temnospondyls: Stereospondyli. Computed 3D tomography shows how skull bones organized around internal structures, and we suggest how these may have become fused or simplified in caecilians. The fossils’ association with burrows highlights ecological diversity of Triassic amphibians as well as when and how burrowing evolved in the stereospondyl ancestors of caecilians. Our narrative for research on amphibian origins highlights the importance of stereospondyls, the most numerous and anatomically diverse amphibian group of the Triassic.
Extracellular vesicles released following heat stress induce bystander effect in unstressed populations
Authors: Bewicke‐Copley Findlay , Mulcahy Laura Ann , Jacobs Laura Ann , Samuel Priya , Akbar Naveed , Pink Ryan Charles , Carter David Raul Francisco 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTCells naïve to stress can display the effects of stress, such as DNA damage and apoptosis, when they are exposed to signals from stressed cells; this phenomenon is known as the bystander effect. We previously showed that bystander effect induced by ionising radiation are mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Bystander effect can also be induced by other types of stress, including heat shock, but it is unclear whether EVs are involved. Here we show that EVs released from heat shocked cells are also able to induce bystander damage in unstressed populations. Naïve cells treated with media conditioned by heat shocked cells showed higher levels of DNA damage and apoptosis than cells treated with media from control cells. Treating naïve cells with EVs derived from media conditioned by heat shocked cells also induced a bystander effect when compared to control, with DNA damage and apoptosis increasing whilst the level of cell viability was reduced. We demonstrate that treatment of naïve cells with heat shocked cell‐derived EVs leads to greater invasiveness in a trans‐well Matrigel assay. Finally, we show that naïve cells treated with EVs from heat‐shocked cells are more likely to survive a subsequent heat shock, suggesting that these EVs mediate an adaptive response. We propose that EVs released following stress mediate an intercellular response that leads to apparent stress in neighbouring cells but also greater robustness in the face of a subsequent insult.
Culprits or Bystanders? Offshore Jurisdictions and the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Haberly Daniel , Wójcik Dariusz 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Questions have been raised regarding the role of low-tax offshore jurisdictions in the global financial crisis, based largely on evidence that many problematic asset-backed securities were issued from or listed in the Cayman Islands, Jersey, Ireland, and other ‘offshore’ sites. However, there has not been a systematic investigation of the offshore geography of crisis-implicated securitization. Here we fill this gap by constructing the first comprehensive jurisdictional map of the largest pre-crisis Asset-Backed Commercial Paper (ABCP) programmes, and examining the rationale for and impacts of this geography in detail. We show that offshore jurisdictions were disproportionately involved in producing the most unstable ABCP classes. However, this is difficult to explain in terms of the traditional role of offshore banking centres as sites for direct avoidance of onshore regulation and transparency. Rather, we propose a Minskian model of pre-crisis offshore ABCP production, wherein these jurisdictions specialized in alleviating incidental institutional frictions (eg double taxation) hindering onshore financial innovation. In this context, they could sometimes be legitimately described as improving the institutional ‘efficiency’ of financial markets; however, by facilitating the endogenous evolutionary instability of these markets, this apparently innocuous service had profoundly negative effects. This normative disconnect poses a conundrum for offshore reform.
Integration of multiple data sources for gene network inference using genetic perturbation data
Authors: Liang Xiao , Young William Chad , Hung Ling-Hong , Raftery Adrian E. , Yeung Ka Yee 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe inference of gene regulatory networks is of great interest and has various applications. The recent advances in high-throughout biological data collection have facilitated the construction and understanding of gene regulatory networks in many model organisms. However, the inference of gene networks from large-scale human genomic data can be challenging. Generally, it is difficult to identify the correct regulators for each gene in the large search space, given that the high dimensional gene expression data only provides a small number of observations for each gene.ResultsWe present a Bayesian approach integrating external data sources with knockdown data from human cell lines to infer gene regulatory networks. In particular, we assemble multiple data sources including gene expression data, genome-wide binding data, gene ontology, known pathways and use a supervised learning framework to compute prior probabilities of regulatory relationships. We show that our integrated method improves the accuracy of inferred gene networks. We apply our method to two different human cell lines, which illustrates the general scope of our method.ConclusionsWe present a flexible and systematic framework for external data integration that improves the accuracy of human gene network inference while retaining efficiency. Integrating various data sources of biological information also provides a systematic way to build on knowledge from existing literature.