bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flood Effects Provide Evidence of an Alternate Stable State from Dam Management on the Upper Missouri River
Authors: Skalak K. , Benthem A. , Hupp C. , Schenk E. , Galloway J. , Nustad R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe examine how historic flooding in 2011 affected the geomorphic adjustments created by dam regulation along the approximately 120 km free flowing reach of the Upper Missouri River bounded upstream by the Garrison Dam (1953) and downstream by Lake Oahe Reservoir (1959) near the City of Bismarck, ND, USA. The largest flood since dam regulation occurred in 2011. Flood releases from the Garrison Dam began in May 2011 and lasted until October, peaking with a flow of more than 4200 m3 s−1. Channel cross‐section data and aerial imagery before and after the flood were compared with historic rates of channel change to assess the relative impact of the flood on the river morphology. Results indicate that the 2011 flood maintained trends in island area with the loss of islands in the reach just below the dam and an increase in island area downstream. Channel capacity changes varied along the Garrison Segment as a result of the flood. The thalweg, which has been stable since the mid‐1970s, did not migrate. And channel morphology, as defined by a newly developed shoaling metric, which quantifies the degree of channel braiding, indicates significant longitudinal variability in response to the flood. These results show that the 2011 flood exacerbates some geomorphic trends caused by the dam while reversing others. We conclude that the presence of dams has created an alternate geomorphic and related ecological stable state, which does not revert towards pre‐dam conditions in response to the flood of record. This suggests that management of sediment transport dynamics as well as flow modification is necessary to restore the Garrison Segment of the Upper Missouri River towards pre‐dam conditions and help create or maintain habitat for endangered species. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Effects of Damming on Long‐Term Development of Fluvial Islands, Elbe River (N Czechia)
Authors: Raška P. , Dolejš M. , Hofmanová M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDamming and water impoundment have fundamental influences on the geomorphology and ecological processes of lotic systems. Although these engineering projects affect all segments of the river channel, fluvial (mid‐channel, river) islands are among the most threatened features because of their link to both hydrostatic and hydrodynamic effects of damming. In this study, we used historical maps (1843, 1852) and aerial photos (1954, 2014), as well as other written and iconographic documentary sources, to document the long‐term development of the fluvial islands and channel planform in the Lower Labe (Elbe) River area (Northern Czechia) over the past ~170 years. Our results indicate the decrease of fluvial islands from 16 (1843), resp. 20 (1852) in the mid‐19th century to eight in 1954, and finally to five in 2014. Most islands have disappeared because of the construction of dams and lock chambers for the purpose of river navigation in the first half of the 20th century. The possible processes responsible for island extinction in individual river segments include sediment starvation (downstream of the dam), erosion by overflow (near upstream of the dam) and decreased flow in inter‐island branches (far upstream of the dam). The islands most susceptible to extinction are those with a smaller size and elliptical or irregular shape. Based on visual evaluation of historical photos and survey of present day temporary islands, the medium and fine sedimentary fraction and absence of a vegetation cover seem to be another predictor of island extinction. Finally, we stress the relevance of our findings for the current discussion on the construction of new lock chambers downstream of the study area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spanning structures and universality in sparse hypergraphs
Authors: Parczyk Olaf , Person Yury 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper the problem of finding various spanning structures in random hypergraphs is studied. We notice that a general result of Riordan [Combin Probab Comput 9 (2000), 125–148] can be adapted from random graphs to random r‐uniform hypergraphs and provide sufficient conditions when a random r‐uniform hypergraph contains a given spanning structure a.a.s. We also discuss several spanning structures such as cube‐hypergraphs, lattices, spheres, and Hamilton cycles in hypergraphs. Moreover, we study universality, i.e. when does an r‐uniform hypergraph contain any hypergraph on n vertices and with maximum vertex degree bounded by Δ? For it is shown that this holds for a.a.s. by combining approaches taken by Dellamonica, Kohayakawa, Rödl and Ruciński [Random Struct Algorithms 46 (2015), 274–299] and of Ferber, Nenadov and Peter [Random Struct Algorithms 48 (2016), 546–564] and of Kim and Lee [SIAM J Discrete Math 28 (2014), 1467–1478]. Furthermore it is shown that the random graph G(n, p) for appropriate p and explicit constructions of universal graphs due to Alon, Capalbo, Kohayakawa, Rödl, Ruciński and Szemerédi [Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci., Vol. 2129, Springer, Berlin, 2001, pp. 170–180] and Alon and Capalbo [Random Struct Algorithms 31 (2007), 123–133; Proceedings of the 9th Annual ACM‐SIAM Symposium Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2008, pp. 373–378] yield constructions of universal hypergraphs that are sparser than the random hypergraph with © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 49, 819–844, 2016
Random effects meta‐analysis: Coverage performance of 95% confidence and prediction intervals following REML estimation
Authors: Partlett Christopher , Riley Richard D. 
Published: October 2016

A random effects meta‐analysis combines the results of several independent studies to summarise the evidence about a particular measure of interest, such as a treatment effect. The approach allows for unexplained between‐study heterogeneity in the true treatment effect by incorporating random study effects about the overall mean. The variance of the mean effect estimate is conventionally calculated by assuming that the between study variance is known; however, it has been demonstrated that this approach may be inappropriate, especially when there are few studies. Alternative methods that aim to account for this uncertainty, such as Hartung–Knapp, Sidik–Jonkman and Kenward–Roger, have been proposed and shown to improve upon the conventional approach in some situations. In this paper, we use a simulation study to examine the performance of several of these methods in terms of the coverage of the 95% confidence and prediction intervals derived from a random effects meta‐analysis estimated using restricted maximum likelihood. We show that, in terms of the confidence intervals, the Hartung–Knapp correction performs well across a wide‐range of scenarios and outperforms other methods when heterogeneity was large and/or study sizes were similar. However, the coverage of the Hartung–Knapp method is slightly too low when the heterogeneity is low (I2 < 30%) and the study sizes are quite varied. In terms of prediction intervals, the conventional approach is only valid when heterogeneity is large (I2 > 30%) and study sizes are similar. In other situations, especially when heterogeneity is small and the study sizes are quite varied, the coverage is far too low and could not be consistently improved by either increasing the number of studies, altering the degrees of freedom or using variance inflation methods. Therefore, researchers should be cautious in deriving 95% prediction intervals following a frequentist random‐effects meta‐analysis until a more reliable solution is identified. © 2016 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Lower cortisol response in high‐resilient caregivers of people with autism: the role of anger
Authors: Ruiz‐Robledillo N. , Romero‐Martínez A. , Moya‐Albiol L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCaring for an offspring with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been related to high stress levels and health disturbances. However, a protective effect against these negative health outcomes has been described in high‐resilient caregivers. In this context, the main aim of the present study was to assess the association between resilient coping and cortisol response to acute stress in caregivers of people with ASD. Furthermore, the study aimed to explore the mediating role of anger in this association. We exposed 40 caregivers of people with ASD to an acute psychosocial stressor in the laboratory. Salivary cortisol samples were obtained before, during, and after the stressor. Resilient coping, anger, and socio‐demographic variables were also assessed. Resilient coping was negatively correlated with cortisol response. Specifically, cortisol release was lower in high‐resilient than low‐resilient caregivers. Anger was positively correlated with cortisol response, mediating the association with resilient coping. The observed associations of resilient coping and anger with cortisol response indicate that these variables may affect health outcomes, resilience being protective and anger harmful. Psychotherapeutic interventions focused on strengthening resilience and anger management could benefit caregivers, improving their health status and quality of life.
Optimal distinctiveness: Broadening the interface between institutional theory and strategic management
Authors: Zhao Eric Yanfei , Fisher Greg , Lounsbury Michael , Miller Danny 
Published: October 2016

Research summary: Attaining optimal distinctiveness—positive stakeholder perceptions about a firm's strategic position that reconciles competing demands for differentiation and conformity—has been an important focal point for scholarship at the interface of strategic management and institutional theory. We provide a comprehensive review of this literature and situate studies on optimal distinctiveness in the broader scholarly effort to integrate institutional theory into strategic management. Our review finds that much extant research on firm‐level optimal distinctiveness is grounded in the strategic balance perspective that conceptualizes conformity and competitive differentiation as a trade‐off along a single organizational attribute. We argue for a renewed research agenda that draws on recent developments in institutional theory to conceptualize organizational environments as more multiplex, fragmented, and dynamic, and discuss its implications for core strategic management topics.Managerial summary: This article aims to provide managers with a more comprehensive and contemporary view of how firms can become optimally distinct—being different enough from peer firms to be competitive, but similar enough to peers to be recognizable. We aim to equip managers with an understanding of firms as complex, multidimensional entities, and encourage them to identify and orchestrate various types of strategic resources to reconcile conformity versus differentiation tensions, address the multiplicity of stakeholder expectations, and aptly modify their positioning strategies in order to succeed in dynamic environments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Generation of β-Globin-Expressing Erythroid Cells Using Stromal Cell-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Uchida Naoya , Haro-Mora Juan J. , Fujita Atsushi , Lee Duck-Yeon , Winkler Thomas , Hsieh Matthew M. , Tisdale John F. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Human embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells represent an ideal source for in vitro modeling of erythropoiesis and a potential alternative source for red blood cell transfusions. However, iPS cell-derived erythroid cells predominantly produce ε- and γ-globin without β-globin production. We recently demonstrated that ES cell-derived sacs (ES sacs), known to express hemangioblast markers, allow for efficient erythroid cell generation with β-globin production. In this study, we generated several iPS cell lines derived from bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and peripheral blood erythroid progenitors (EPs) from sickle cell disease patients, and evaluated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) generation after iPS sac induction as well as subsequent erythroid differentiation. MSC-derived iPS sacs yielded greater amounts of immature hematopoietic progenitors (VEGFR2 + GPA−), definitive HSPCs (CD34 + CD45+), and megakaryoerythroid progenitors (GPA + CD41a+), as compared to EP-derived iPS sacs. Erythroid differentiation from MSC-derived iPS sacs resulted in greater amounts of erythroid cells (GPA+) and higher β-globin (and βS-globin) expression, comparable to ES sac-derived cells. These data demonstrate that human MSC-derived iPS sacs allow for more efficient erythroid cell generation with higher β-globin production, likely due to heightened emergence of immature progenitors. Our findings should be important for iPS cell-derived erythroid cell generation.
Effect of lamotrigine on epilepsy‐induced cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in pentylenetetrazole‐kindled animal model
Authors: Zhang Bing , Zhang Jia‐Wei , Wang Wei‐Ping , Dong Rui‐Fang , Tian Shuang , Zhang Chao 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeLamotrigine (LTG) is a broad‐spectrum antiepileptic drug that is widely used in clinic. However, the effect of LTG on cognition and neurodegeneration during epilepsy treatment remains controversial. In this study, we compared the cognitive effects of LTG and sodium valproate in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐kindled animal model, and the dose dependency was tested for LTG.MethodsPTZ‐kindled animals were divided into the following treatment groups: control group, treated with 3.5 mL/kg of 0.9% sodium chloride; low‐dose LTG group, treated with 12.5 mg/kg of LTG; middle‐dose LTG group, treated with 25 mg/kg of LTG; high‐dose LTG group, treated with 50 mg/kg of LTG; VPA group, treated with 300 mg/kg of VPA. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) test commenced from the 10th day of treatment. Hippocampal cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining after two weeks of treatment.ResultsCompared to the vehicle‐treated control group, escape latency was significantly reduced in the middle‐ and high‐dose LTG‐ and VPA‐treated groups on the 3rd and 4th day of the MWM test (p < .05), and spatial probe frequency was significantly improved in the middle‐ and high‐dose LTG‐ and VPA‐treated groups (p < .05). Furthermore, the immunohistochemical score of TUNEL positive cells significantly decreased in the hippocampal CA1 region in the middle‐ and high‐dose LTG‐ and VPA‐treated groups (p < .05).ConclusionOur data suggests that LTG may ameliorate epilepsy‐induced cognitive impairment and neuronal cell apoptosis during epilepsy treatment. LTG may ameliorate cognitive impairment and neuronal cell apoptosis during epilepsy treatment.
Longitudinal study of vascular structure and function during normal pregnancy
Authors: Iacobaeus C. , Andolf E. , Thorsell M. , Bremme K. , Jörneskog G. , Östlund E. , Kahan T. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine alterations in maternal vascular structure and function during normal pregnancy.MethodsWe assessed brachial and central blood pressure, pulse‐wave velocity and augmentation index (by pulse‐wave analysis and applanation tonometry), common carotid artery structure (by ultrasonography) and endothelial function in the brachial artery (by postischemic hyperemia‐induced flow‐mediated vasodilatation by glyceryl trinitrate) and in the forearm skin microcirculation (by laser Doppler perfusion imaging during iontophoretic administration of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside) in 52 healthy nulliparous women at 14, 24 and 34 weeks' gestation, and at 9 months postpartum.ResultsDuring pregnancy, brachial and central systolic and diastolic blood pressures initially decreased but subsequently increased (all P < 0.05). Flow‐mediated vasodilatation in the brachial artery increased during early pregnancy (P < 0.05), whereas non‐specific vasodilatation by glyceryl trinitrate decreased (P < 0.01), indicating improved endothelial function. Thus, endothelial function index (forearm blood flow/glyceryl trinitrate) increased during pregnancy (0.30 ± 0.18 in the non‐pregnant state at 9 months postpartum and 0.51 ± 0.19, 0.61 ± 0.39 and 0.49 ± 0.30 in the first, second and third trimesters, respectively) (P < 0.001). Endothelium‐dependent skin microvascular reactivity to acetylcholine also increased (P < 0.01). Carotid–femoral pulse‐wave velocity decreased during pregnancy (5.88 ± 0.91 m/s in the non‐pregnant state and 5.55 ± 0.67, 5.12 ± 0.66 and 5.62 ± 0.74 m/s in the first, second and third trimesters, respectively) (P < 0.001).ConclusionDuring normal pregnancy, the blood volume expansion necessary for sufficient fetal growth is accommodated by early and marked changes in the matvascular system. This seems to be dependent on normal adaptive endothelial and vascular function. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Kältemittel‐Schnüffler
Authors: Jitschin Wolfgang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractZur technischen Erzeugung von Kälte werden typisch Maschinen eingesetzt, bei denen ein Kältemittel einen geschlossenen thermodynamischen Kreislauf durchläuft. Als Kältemittel sind halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe weit verbreitet, weil sie gute thermodynamische Eigenschaften besitzen. Leider sind diese schädlich für die Atmosphäre, da die Halogene die Ozonschicht zerstören. Deshalb ist es notwendig, dass die Maschinen dicht sind und kein Kältemittel entweicht. Zum Aufspüren von Leckagen werden mobile Leckschnüffler eingesetzt. Deren Funktion und Nachweisgrenze werden zuverlässig mittels Prüflecks überwacht.
A proposed enhanced scheme for the dynamic frequency hopping performance in the IEEE 802.22 standard
Authors: Dimogiorgi Aikaterini , Hamouda Walaa 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper presents an integrated scheme for the dynamic‐frequency‐hopping (DFH) technique provided in literature for the IEEE 802.22 standard supporting wireless regional area networks (WRANs). The performance of DFH is analyzed thoroughly for various channel models and for a multiple‐input multiple‐output systems. The core of this research is based on the coexistence of digital terrestrial TV broadcasting and the WRANs in the TV white space. The proposed technique aims at protecting the incumbent users from interfering with the cognitive broadband access in the TV spectrum. In order to achieve this, spectrum sensing is performed in the intended working channel in DFH while spectrum monitoring with an energy‐ratio (ER) algorithm is applied during the WRAN data transmission in the working channel. Hence, in the DFH‐ER algorithm, the reappearance of a digital terrestrial TV signal in a band occupied by the WRANs would be detected immediately. This will provide interference free performance for the licensed signal as well as reliable data transmission for the unlicensed ones. Both analyses and simulation results of the proposed DFH‐ER technique compared with the conventional DFH scenario exemplify the enhancement of the WRAN data transmission while protecting the digital terrestrial TV users. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pyroxene–Cr-spinel exsolution in mantle lherzolites of the Syum-Keu ophiolite massif (Arctic Urals)
Authors: Savelieva G.N. , Batanova V.G. , Sobolev A.V. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We consider the composition and microstructures of pyroxene–Cr-spinel exsolution products from lherzolites of the deep mantle section of the Syum-Keu ophiolite massif in the Arctic Urals. Enstatite and diopside from the lherzolites contain lamellae and diverse micron segregations of Cr-spinel. We have first determined the composition of Cr-spinel lamellae and the composition trend of pyroxenes undergoing exsolution. The zonal inhomogeneity of their composition is expressed as a decrease in the contents of Cr2O3, Al2O3, and Na2O from the core of coarse grains free of exsolution structures to the sites with Cr-spinel segregations. The Cr/(Cr + Al) value in the Cr-spinel lamellae varies from 0.23 to 0.33, and the Mg/(Mg + Fe) value, from 0.61 to 0.67. The degree of iron oxidation in the formed Cr-spinel is low (0.10–0.19) and virtually does not depend on the Cr content in this mineral. We calculated the temperature and pressure of the beginning and completion of pyroxene–Cr-spinel exsolution for the equilibrium enstatite–diopside (of different generations) pairs and established the participation of H2O fluid in the exsolution. During the exsolution, the temperature decreases from 970 to 650–700 °C and the pressure grows from 0.9 to 1.3 GPa. The exsolution of pyroxene and migration of elements proceeded under high-temperature solid-plastic flow of mantle material, probably in the local zones where peridotites were subjected to strong shearing strains caused by the above high-velocity flow. The zone with these processes was located in the lithospheric mantle (mantle wedge) above the subduction zone. Migration of ore components from silicates and formation of new Cr-spinel grains contributed to the formation of chromite segregations.
Modeling cosmic void statistics
Authors: Hamaus Nico , Sutter P. M. , Wandelt Benjamin D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the internal structure and spatial distribution of cosmic voids is crucial when considering them as probes of cosmology. We present recent advances in modeling void density- and velocity-profiles in real space, as well as void two-point statistics in redshift space, by examining voids identified via the watershed transform in state-of-the-art ΛCDM n-body simulations and mock galaxy catalogs. The simple and universal characteristics that emerge from these statistics indicate the self-similarity of large-scale structure and suggest cosmic voids to be among the most pristine objects to consider for future studies on the nature of dark energy, dark matter and modified gravity.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Increased survival and cell cycle progression pathways are required for EWS/FLI1-induced malignant transformation
Authors: Javaheri Tahereh , Kazemi Zahra , Pencik Jan , Pham Ha TT , Kauer Maximilian , Noorizadeh Rahil , Sax Barbara , Nivarthi Harini , Schlederer Michaela , Maurer Barbara , Hofbauer Maximillian , Aryee Dave NT , Wiedner Marc , Tomazou Eleni M , Logan Malcolm , Hartmann Christine , Tuckermann Jan P , Kenner Lukas , Mikula Mario , Dolznig Helmut , Üren Aykut , Richter Günther H , Grebien Florian , Kovar Heinrich , Moriggl Richard 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEwing sarcoma (ES) is the second most frequent childhood bone cancer driven by the EWS/FLI1 (EF) fusion protein. Genetically defined ES models are needed to understand how EF expression changes bone precursor cell differentiation, how ES arises and through which mechanisms of inhibition it can be targeted. We used mesenchymal Prx1-directed conditional EF expression in mice to study bone development and to establish a reliable sarcoma model. EF expression arrested early chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation due to changed signaling pathways such as hedgehog, WNT or growth factor signaling. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expressing EF showed high self-renewal capacity and maintained an undifferentiated state despite high apoptosis. Blocking apoptosis through enforced BCL2 family member expression in MSCs promoted efficient and rapid sarcoma formation when transplanted to immunocompromised mice. Mechanistically, high BCL2 family member and CDK4, but low P53 and INK4A protein expression synergized in Ewing-like sarcoma development. Functionally, knockdown of Mcl1 or Cdk4 or their combined pharmacologic inhibition resulted in growth arrest and apoptosis in both established human ES cell lines and EF-transformed mouse MSCs. Combinatorial targeting of survival and cell cycle progression pathways could counteract this aggressive childhood cancer.