bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional magnetic resonance imaging in dermatology: The skin, the brain and the invisible
Authors: Mueller Simon M. , Hogg Samuel , Mueller Jannis M. , McKie Shane , Itin Peter , Reinhardt Julia , Griffiths Christopher E.M. , Kleyn Christine Elise 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe skin and brain have a close bi‐directional anatomical and functional connection. Historically, the skin‐brain axis and the brain‐skin axis have been well described. However, brain function in this context has only recently been demystified with the introduction of functional neuroimaging in dermatology. Functional neuroimaging, especially functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), allows indirect visualisation of brain function. This review looks back to the beginnings of functional neuroimaging in dermatology, summarises the currently available dermatology‐related fMRI studies and discusses the potential future role of fMRI as a stratifying tool in clinical dermatology and in the development of novel therapies. According to the main body of research made in this field, the focus is placed on experimental itch studies, which described the brain structures involved in itch processing, the regulation of the scratch response, contagious itch and itch suppression.
Parabolic variation in sexual selection intensity across the range of a cold‐water pipefish: implications for susceptibility to climate change
Authors: Monteiro Nuno , Cunha Mário , Ferreira Lídia , Vieira Natividade , Antunes Agostinho , Lyons David , Jones Adam G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhile an understanding of evolutionary processes in shifting environments is vital in the context of rapid ecological change, one of the most potent selective forces, sexual selection, remains curiously unexplored. Variation in sexual selection across a species range, especially across a gradient of temperature regimes, has the potential to provide a window into the possible impacts of climate change on the evolution of mating patterns. Here, we investigated some of the links between temperature and indicators of sexual selection, using a cold‐water pipefish as model. We found that populations differed with respect to body size, length of the breeding season, fecundity, and sexual dimorphism across a wide latitudinal gradient. We encountered two types of latitudinal patterns, either linear, when related to body size, or parabolic in shape when considering variables related to sexual selection intensity, such as sexual dimorphism and reproductive investment. Our results suggest that sexual selection intensity increases toward both edges of the distribution and that the large differences in temperature likely play a significant role. Shorter breeding seasons in the north and reduced periods for gamete production in the south certainly have the potential to alter mating systems, breeding synchrony, and mate monopolization rates. As latitude and water temperature are tightly coupled across the European coasts, the observed patterns in traits related to sexual selection can lead to predictions regarding how sexual selection should change in response to climate change. Based on data from extant populations, we can predict that as the worm pipefish moves northward, a wave of decreasing selection intensity will likely replace the strong sexual selection at the northern range margin. In contrast, the southern populations will be followed by heightened sexual selection, which may exacerbate the problem of local extinction at this retreating boundary.
Different parts, different stories: climate sensitivity of growth is stronger in root collars vs. stems in tundra shrubs
Authors: Ropars Pascale , Angers‐Blondin Sandra , Gagnon Marianne , Myers‐Smith Isla H. , Lévesque Esther , Boudreau Stéphane 
Published: January 2017

AbstractShrub densification has been widely reported across the circumpolar arctic and subarctic biomes in recent years. Long‐term analyses based on dendrochronological techniques applied to shrubs have linked this phenomenon to climate change. However, the multi‐stemmed structure of shrubs makes them difficult to sample and therefore leads to non‐uniform sampling protocols among shrub ecologists, who will favor either root collars or stems to conduct dendrochronological analyses. Through a comparative study of the use of root collars and stems ofBetula glandulosa, a common North American shrub species, we evaluated the relative sensitivity of each plant part to climate variables and assessed whether this sensitivity is consistent across three different types of environments in northwestern Québec, Canada (terrace, hilltop and snowbed). We found that root collars had greater sensitivity to climate than stems and that these differences were maintained across the three types of environments. Growth at the root collar was best explained by spring precipitation and summer temperature, whereas stem growth showed weak and inconsistent responses to climate variables. Moreover, sensitivity to climate was not consistent among plant parts, as individuals having climate‐sensitive root collars did not tend to have climate‐sensitive stems. These differences in sensitivity of shrub parts to climate highlight the complexity of resource allocation in multi‐stemmed plants. Whereas stem initiation and growth are driven by microenvironmental variables such as light availability and competition, root collars integrate the growth of all plant parts instead, rendering them less affected by mechanisms such as competition and more responsive to signals of global change. Although further investigations are required to determine the degree to which these findings are generalizable across the tundra biome, our results indicate that consistency and caution in the choice of plant parts are a key consideration for the success of future dendroclimatological studies on shrubs.
Fat mass and obesity‐associated gene variations are related to fatty liver disease inHIV‐infected patients
Authors: Núñez‐Torres R , Macías J , Rivero‐Juarez A , Neukam K , Merino D , Téllez F , Merchante N , Gómez‐Mateos J , Rivero A , Pineda JA , Real LM ,   the Group for the Study of Viral Hepatitis (HEPAVIR) of The Andalusian Society of Infectious Diseases (SAEI)
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesFatty liver disease (FLD) is frequently observed inHIV‐infected patients. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are strongly associated withFLD. Because genetic variants within the fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) gene have been associated with both pathologies, our aim was to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within theFTO, previously related to obesity or T2DM, withFLDinHIV‐infected patients.MethodsFLDwas defined as a value of the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ≥ 238dB/m, obtained by transient elastography. FourSNPs withinFTOintron 1 (rs11642841, rs8050136, rs9939609 and rs9940128) were genotyped in 421 individuals using a custom Golden Gate protocol. The results were replicated in a validation sample consisting of a further 206HIV‐infected patients. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted in the entire population.ResultsThreeSNPs (rs8050136, rs9939609 and rs9940128) were associated withFLD, with rs9940128 showing the strongest association. This polymorphism also showed an association withFLDin the validation sample. In total, rs9940128 was genotyped in 627HIV‐infected patients, including 267 (42.6%)FLD‐diagnosed individuals. The frequency ofFLDamong rs9940128AAcarriers was 55.7% (63 of 113 individuals) and that in patients without this genotype was 39.7% (204 of 514 individuals) [P= 0.009; adjusted odds ratio 1.88; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–3.01].ConclusionsVariations withinFTOmay be predictors ofFLDinHIV‐infected patients independently of metabolic factors.
Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract protects human foreskin melanocytes from oxidative stress in vitro and potentiates hair follicle pigmentation ex vivo
Authors: Sextius P. , Betts R. , Benkhalifa I. , Commo S. , Eilstein J. , Massironi M. , Wang P. , Michelet J.‐F. , Qiu J. , Tan X. , Jeulin S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the ability of an extract from traditional Chinese medicine, Polygonum multiflorum Radix, to protect melanocyte viability from oxidative stress, a key mechanism in the initiation and progression of hair greying.MethodsTo assess the antioxidant capacity of Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract, primary human foreskin melanocytes were treated with a commercially available Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract added to culture medium and exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), using intracellular reactive oxygen species concentrations and glutathione/protein ratios as endpoints. To improve solubility for cosmetic uses, a new Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract was derived. As hair greying is the consequence of melanocyte disappearance in an oxidative stress environment, we checked whether the antioxidant capacity of the new Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract could preserve melanocyte viability in response to H2O2‐induced oxidative stress, and preserve pigmentation within ex vivo human hair follicles.ResultsIn vitro treatment of primary human foreskin melanocytes with traditional available Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract resulted in decreased intracellular ROS accumulation in response to H2O2 exposure with a concomitant preservation of glutathione‐to‐protein ratio, consistent with a protective response against H2O2 exposure and demonstrating the promise of this extract for protecting melanocytes against oxidative stress. Melanocytes treated with the improved Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract exhibited attenuated H2O2‐induced cell death, demonstrating a clear cytoprotective effect. Treatment of ex vivo human hair follicles with the improved Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract resulted in a higher level of melanin compared to vehicle‐treated controls, demonstrating an ex vivo protective effect on hair pigmentation.ConclusionPolygonum multiflorum Radix extract protects in vitro primary human foreskin melanocytes from the deleterious effects of H2O2 exposure and improves pigmentation within ex vivo human hair follicles, demonstrating the utility of Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract as a potential active ingredient for the protection of melanocytes against premature death. This data provides in vitro mechanistic evidence consistent with existing in vivo studies for the use of Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract as a strategy for the prevention of oxidative stress‐induced hair greying, in line with traditional Polygonum multiflorum Radix uses.
Oral health‐related quality of life in patients with temporomandibular disorders: A case‐control study considering psychological aspects
Authors: Bayat M , Abbasi AJ , Noorbala AA , Mohebbi SZ , Moharrami M , Yekaninejad MS 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis case‐control study aimed to compare patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and healthy controls in terms of oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) considering Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) scores, pain duration, psychological impairment and demographic characteristics.MethodsA total of 75 patients with TMD and 75 healthy controls were recruited. The short version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) was administered for evaluating the OHRQoL. Psychosocial impairments were assessed using the General Health Questionnaire‐28 (GHQ‐28). The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) axis I and II were also used for patient diagnosis and collecting GCPS scores, pain duration, age and gender. Independent‐sample t tests, Pearson's chi‐square tests and multiple logistic and linear regression models were applied for statistical analysis.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 34.3±12.4 years. A female‐to‐male ratio of 6:1 was seen in the TMD group. The prevalence and severity of the OHIP were significantly different between the TMD and control groups (66.7% vs 12.0% and 18.0 vs 9.2, respectively). According to multiple logistic regression for OHIP prevalence and multiple linear regression for OHIP severity in the TMD group, GCPS scores and pain duration, followed by psychological impairment, were the most important predictors of the OHRQoL.ConclusionTMD negatively affected the OHRQoL, particularly in patients with psychological impairments. Meanwhile, age and gender did not seem to have a serious effect. Hence, promoting the quality of life of patients with TMD requires emphasis on chronic pain management and maintaining good mental health.
Odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells from healthy and carious teeth on an original PCL‐based 3D scaffold
Authors: Louvrier A. , Euvrard E. , Nicod L. , Rolin G. , Gindraux F. , Pazart L. , Houdayer C. , Risold P. Y. , Meyer F. , Meyer C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimsTo isolate and characterize dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) obtained from carious and healthy mature teeth extracted when conservative treatment was not possible or for orthodontic reasons; to evaluate the ability of DPSCs to colonize, proliferate and differentiate into functional odontoblast‐like cells when cultured onto a polycaprolactone cone made by jet‐spraying and prototyped into a design similar to a gutta‐percha cone.MethodologyDPSCs were obtained from nine carious and 12 healthy mature teeth. Then cells were characterized by flow cytometry and submitted to multidifferentiation to confirm their multipotency. These DPSCs were then cultured on a polycaprolactone cone in an odontoblastic differentiation medium. Cell proliferation, colonization of the biomaterial and functional differentiation of cells were histologically assessed. For the characterization, at‐Student test was used to compare the two groups.ResultsIn all cell cultures, characterization highlighted a mesenchymal stem cell phenotype (CD105+, CD90+, CD73+, CD11b−, CD34−, CD45−, HLA‐DR−). No significant differences were found between cultures obtained from carious and healthy mature teeth. DPSCs from both origins were able to differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Cell colonization was observed both on the surface and in the thickness of polycaprolactone cones as well as a mineralized pericellular matrix deposit composed of type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and dentin sialophosphoprotein.ConclusionsDPSCs were isolated from both carious and healthy mature teeth. They were able to colonize and proliferate within a polycaprolactone cone and could be differentiated into functional odontoblast‐like cells.
The effect of accelerated mineral trioxide aggregate on odontoblastic differentiation in dental pulp stem cell niches
Authors: Kulan P. , Karabiyik O. , Kose G. T. , Kargul B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of accelerated‐set mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cell niches (DPSC).MethodologyProRoot White MTA (WMTA; Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN, USA) was mixed with various additives, which included distilled water, 2.5% disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and 5% calcium chloride (CaCl2; Merck). DPSC niches extracted from third molars were cultured directly on MTA in the culture medium. Cell viability was evaluated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐ sulphophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium (MTS) assay. Cell growth and expression of odontoblastic differentiation markers (dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and collagen type 1 (COL1)) were determined using Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis. Osteo‐/odontogenic differentiation of DPSC niches was evaluated by measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). Calcium deposition was assessed using von Kossa staining. The results were analysed statistically using Mann–Whitney tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests.ResultsMTA mixed with 5% CaCl2 and 2.5% Na2HPO4 exhibited optimal cell viability (P < 0.05) compared to MTA mixed with distilled water. MTA mixed with 5% CaCl2 and 2.5% Na2HPO4 significantly increased ALP activity (P < 0.05), significantly promoted mineralization nodule formation (P < 0.05) and significantly enhanced the mRNA expression level of the osteogenic/odontogenic markers (P < 0.05; DSPP and COL1) compared with MTA mixed with distilled water.ConclusionsMTA mixed with 5% CaCl2 and 2.5% Na2HPO4 was biocompatible with dental pulp stem cell niches. Accelerated‐set MTA promoted better differentiation in DPSC niches than conventional MTA. The accelerators could provide an alternative to MTA mixed with distilled water.
Mucosal immune tolerance at the ocular surface in health and disease
Authors: Galletti Jeremías G. , Guzmán Mauricio , Giordano Mirta N. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe ocular surface is constantly exposed to environmental irritants, allergens and pathogens, against which it can mount a prompt immune response to preserve its integrity. But to avoid unnecessary inflammation, the ocular surface's mucosal immune system must also discriminate between harmless and potentially dangerous antigens, a seemingly complicated task. Despite its unique features, the ocular surface is a mucosal lining, and as such, it shares some homeostatic and pathophysiological mechanisms with other mucosal surfaces. The purpose of this review is to explore the mucosal homeostatic immune function of the ocular surface in both the healthy and diseased states, with a special focus on mucosal immunology concepts. The information discussed in this review has been retrieved by PubMed searches for literature published from January 1981 to October 2016.
Effects of detraining on anthropometry, aerobic capacity and functional ability in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Boer PH 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundStructured exercise has shown to improve parameters of functional fitness in adults with Down syndrome (DS). However, few, if any, continue to exercise after exercise intervention studies. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of detraining on anthropometry, aerobic capacity and functional ability of adults with DS.MethodsIn a previous study, forty‐two participants either performed 12 weeks of interval training, continuous aerobic training or no training (CON). After 3 months of detraining, the same participants were tested again for anthropometry, aerobic capacity, leg strength and functional ability.ResultsSignificant reductions in maximal aerobic capacity, time to exhaustion and both functional test items were reported for both exercise groups compared to CON (p < .05). No significant differences were reported between the exercise groups concerning aerobic and functional capacity reductions.ConclusionDetraining occurred significantly in both exercise groups regarding parameters associated with aerobic and functional capacity.
Chemotherapeutic decontamination of dental implants colonized by mature multispecies oral biofilm
Authors: Dostie Sebastien , Alkadi Lubna T. , Owen Gethin , Bi Jiarui , Shen Ya , Haapasalo Markus , Larjava Hannu S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimNo studies have tested disinfectants on mature multispecies oral biofilms on titanium substrata. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of commonly used antimicrobial agents in decontamination of multispecies mature oral biofilm on sandblasted, large‐grit, acid‐etched (SLA) titanium implants.MethodsSLA titanium disks were inoculated with dental plaque and cultured anaerobically for 21 days. The disks were rinsed with 0.9% NaCl, exposed for 2 min. to tetracycline paste, 1% Chlorhexidine gel (CHX), 35% phosphoric acid gel (Etch) or a novel chemical formula (0.3% cetrimide, 0.1% CHX and 0.5% EDTA) and then rinsed again with 0.9% NaCl. Bacteria were quantified from scanning electron micrographs of the implant surfaces. Living bacteria were quantified with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Results and ConclusionsRinsing the surfaces with 0.9% NaCl removed the majority of the biofilm. However, bacteria persisted in all specimens and none of the disinfectants was superior to the double saline rinse group. CLSM analysis showed that CHX and Etch groups had a statistically significant reduction of viable bacteria, although small. Overall the results show that many disinfection agents used in the clinic are ineffective in biofilm removal and leave live bacteria on the surface.
Correlation between polymorphism in the inosine triphosphatase and the reductions in hemoglobin concentration and ribavirin dose during sofosbuvir and ribavirin therapy
Authors: Kozuka Ritsuzo , Hai Hoang , Teranishi Yuga , Motoyama Hiroyuki , Kawamura Etsushi , Hagihara Atsushi , Uchida‐Kobayashi Sawako , Morikawa Hiroyasu , Enomoto Masaru , Murakami Yoshiki , Kawada Norifumi , Tamori Akihiro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground and AimIt is unclear whether polymorphism in the inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene correlates to the reduction in hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations during sofosbuvir (SOF) and ribavirin (RBV) therapy. This study investigated the effects of the ITPA polymorphism on Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 2 infection treated with SOF/RBV therapy.MethodsIn 106 patients treated with SOF/RBV therapy, this study assessed the effects of the ITPA polymorphism (rs1127354) on anemia, RBV dose reduction, and sustained virological response.ResultsOf the 106 patients, 80 had the CC genotype, whereas 26 had a non‐CC genotype in ITPA. Patients with the CC genotype had significantly larger reductions in Hb concentrations than those with a non‐CC genotype throughout the treatment course. RBV dose reduction was required in 18/106 (17.0%) patients, with a significantly higher frequency in patients with the CC genotype than in those with a non‐CC genotype (P = 0.010). In multivariate analysis, age ≥ 65 years (P = 0.011) and the ITPA CC genotype (P < 0.0001) were factors significantly associated with anemia throughout the treatment course. Sustained virological response was achieved in 99.0% of all patients: 98.7% of patients with the CC genotype and 100% of patients with a non‐CC genotype.ConclusionsInosine triphosphatase polymorphism appeared to correlate with anemia incidence and RBV dose reduction during SOF/RBV therapy, but not the clinical outcome. Careful monitoring of Hb concentrations and prompt adjustment of RBV doses are required for successful treatment, particularly in patients harboring the ITPA CC genotype or age ≥ 65 years.
The effect of X‐ray micro computed tomography image resolution on flow properties of porous rocks
Authors: LATIEF F.D.E. , FAUZI U. , IRAYANI Z. , DOUGHERTY G. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe study of digital rock physics has seen significant advances due to the development of X‐ray micro computed tomography scanning devices. One of the advantages of using such a device is that the pore structure of rock can be mapped down to the micrometre level in three dimensions. However, in providing such high‐resolution images (low voxel size), the resulting file sizes are necessarily large (of the order of gigabytes). Lower image resolution (high voxel size) produces smaller file sizes (of the order of hundreds of megabytes), but risks losing significant details. This study describes the effect of the image resolution obtained by means of hardware‐based and software‐based approach. Four samples of porous rock were scanned using a SkyScan 1173 High Energy Micro‐CT. We found that acquisition using increased pixel binning of the camera (hardware‐based resizing) significantly affects the calculated physical properties of the samples. By contrast, voxel resizing by means of a software‐based approach during the reconstruction process yielded less effect on the porosity and specific surface area of the samples. However, the decreasing resolution of the image obtained by both the hardware‐based and the software‐based approaches affects the permeability significantly. We conclude that simulating fluid flow through the pore space using the Lattice Boltzmann method to calculate the permeability has a significant dependency on the image resolution.