bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐dependency of wave parameters and directional analysis of ocean wind‐wave climate for the Indian Ocean
Authors: Gupta Nitika , Bhaskaran Prasad K. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThis study investigates inter‐dependency between various wave parameters. It includes the mean wave direction (MWD), swell MWD, wind direction, maximum significant wave height (MSWH), resultant of wind direction and swell MWD, mean wave period (MWP), and peak wave period (PWP) using daily data from altimeter measurements, European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re‐Analysis Interim (ERA‐Interim), and ERA‐20C datasets in a changing climate for the past two decades in Indian Ocean region. It also examined the variability in monthly anomalies using linear circular correlation maps. The analysis used quality checked and well calibrated altimeter data from eight satellite missions for MSWH, and WAM (wave model) output from ERA‐Interim and ERA‐20C datasets for other variables. Spatial variability of correlation coefficient maps explained their inter‐dependency. Directional statistics methods explain the directional wave characteristics. Correlation maps signify that regions over the western sectors of Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal are swell dominant. Over these regions the swell MWD clearly dominated the total MWD (combined effects from wind‐sea and swells). For regions in Arabian Sea, the resultant of wind direction and swell MWD contributed about 91%, whereas contribution from swell MWD alone is about 86%. The variability in monthly anomaly MSWH exhibited a specific pattern that resembles the movement of synoptic systems from Southern Ocean propagating north‐eastwards reaching various destinations in the Bay of Bengal basin, having a strong positive correlation with MWD and swell MWD. Over the tropical South Indian Ocean (TSIO) region, the obtained feature correlates with the surface current pattern of Agulhas retroflection. These patterns are distinctly visible in the correlation maps between MSWH and resultant of wind direction and swell MWD as well wind direction monthly anomaly maps. For the North Indian Ocean an out of phase relation exists between the variability of MWSH with PWP monthly anomalies.
The effects of ENSO‐types and SAM on the large‐scale southern blockings
Authors: Oliveira Flavio N. M. , Ambrizzi Tercio 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIn this observational study, the effects of the two types (Canonical and Modoki) of El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) on the large‐scale southern blockings are investigated using the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) dataset. The automated 2D blocking index used here removes those structures that do not represent a typical blocking pattern. The daily SAM and monthly ENSO indices are defined when their time coefficient of the empirical orthogonal function is above or below 0.5 and 1.0 standard deviation, respectively. This study indicates that the El Niño Modoki is the most favourable ENSO mechanism for blocking events during the southern cool season. In particular, when El Niño Modoki occurs with positive SAM and/or weak SAM it acts to increase the number of days of blocking over the Southwest Pacific, or when it occurs with the negative SAM acts to maintain the observed number of days of blocking over the Southeast Pacific. Also, increases in the number of days of blocking are found in the warm season over the Southeast Pacific when the canonical El Niño occurs with negative SAM. On the other hand, the long‐term change in the annual number of days of blocking shows a strong (moderate) downward linear trend over the Southwest (Southeast) Pacific, as well as the two types of La Niña, their temporal distribution with a positive SAM appears as the major cause.
Estimated influence of urbanization on surface warming in Eastern China using time‐varying land use data
Authors: Liao Weilin , Wang Dagang , Liu Xiaoping , Wang Guiling , Zhang Jinbao 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTWe examine the urban effect on surface warming in Eastern China, where a substantial portion of the land area has undergone rapid urbanization in the last few decades. Daily surface air temperature records during the period 1971–2010 at 277 meteorological stations are used to investigate temperature changes. Owing to urban expansion, some of the stations formerly located in rural areas are becoming increasingly influenced by urban environments. To estimate the effect of this urbanization on observed surface warming, the stations are dynamically classified into urban and rural types based on the land use data for four periods, i.e. 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010. After eliminating the temperature trend bias induced by time‐varying latitudinal distributions of urban and rural stations, the estimated urban‐induced trends in the daily minimum and mean temperature are 0.167 and 0.085 °C decade−1, accounting for 33.6 and 22.4% of total surface warming, respectively. The temperature difference between urban and rural stations indicates that urban heat island intensity has dramatically increased owing to rapid urbanization, and is highly correlated with the difference in fractional coverage of artificial surfaces between these two types of stations. This study highlights the importance of dynamic station classification in estimating the contribution of urbanization to long‐term surface warming over large areas.
Safety of rapid infusion of iron polymaltose: comparative study in 300 patients
Authors: Chan Patricia T. Y. , Corallo Carmela E. , Dooley Michael J. , Poole Susan G. , Gibson Peter R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundIron polymaltose is the most cost‐effective and convenient intravenous (IV) iron formulation available in Australia for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in hospital inpatients. However, in the ambulatory setting, the requirement for administration over several hours has been a major limitation. Although there is some data on the safety of using a faster infusion rate, further information was required with respect to the administration of higher doses.AimTo compare the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to fast infusion of iron polymaltose with that reported for slow infusion.MethodThe study was carried out in a 500‐bed major tertiary referral teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia.A rapid iron polymaltose infusion protocol was implemented, i.e. 75 min for <1500 mg iron and 100 min for ≥1500–2000 mg. Patients who received iron polymaltose as a standard slow infusion served as the control group. Data included: dose of iron; rate of administration and volume of infusion fluid; haemoglobin and iron studies; pre‐medications; and ADRs. Serious ADRs were defined as those leading to treatment discontinuation.ResultsData were available for 300 patients. The incidence of infusion‐related ADRs was similar for the fast and slow infusions, 18 of 171 (10.5%) and 10 of 132 (7.6%), respectively, p = 0.42. ADRs occurred in 1.8 and 2.3% of cases, for the fast and the slow infusions, respectively, p = 1.ConclusionRapid infusion of IV iron polymaltose for doses up to 2000 mg does not result in any increase in ADRs compared with the standard slow infusion.
Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland: Institutional experience and review of the literature
Authors: Abu‐Ghanem Yasmin , Mizrachi Aviram , Popovtzer Aron , Abu‐Ghanem Nora , Feinmesser Raphael 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundRecurrent pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the parotid gland is a challenging surgical issue with controversy regarding management and long term outcome.MethodsAll patients who were operated for recurrent PA of the parotid gland between the years 1991 and 2013 were reviewed. Patient demographics, clinicopathologic variables, and operative details were collected retrospectively.ResultsA total of 22 patients were operated for recurrent PA of the parotid gland. Mean interval between recurrences was 7 and 6 years for first recurrence and second recurrence, accordingly. Second recurrence was significantly influenced by younger age at initial treatment (P = 0.009). Only two patients (9%) with a recurrence developed facial nerve paralysis following surgery. Adjuvant radiotherapy was given to nine patients with no evidence of disease progression or recurrence. There were no cases of malignant transformation.ConclusionsRecurrent PA of the parotid gland tends to occur in long intervals in a multifocal pattern. Adjuvant radiotherapy could be suggested as an alternative for surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:714–718. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Otoconia and otolithic membrane fragments within the posterior semicircular canal in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Kao Wee Tin K. , Parnes Lorne S. , Chole Richard A. 
Published: October 2016

Objectives/HypothesisBenign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common vestibular disorder with an incidence between 10.7 and 17.3 per 100,000 persons per year. The mechanism for BPPV has been postulated to involve displaced otoconia resulting in canalithiasis. Although particulate matter has been observed in the endolymph of affected patients undergoing posterior canal occlusion surgery, an otoconial origin for the disease is still questioned.Study DesignIn this study, particulate matter was extracted from the posterior semicircular canal of two patients and examined with scanning electron microscopy.MethodsThe samples were obtained from two patients intraoperatively during posterior semicircular canal occlusion. The particles were fixed, stored in ethanol, and chemically dehydrated. The samples were sputter coated and viewed under a scanning electron microscope. Digital images were obtained.ResultsIntact and degenerating otoconia with and without linking filaments were found attached to amorphous particulate matter. Many otoconia appeared to be partially embedded in a gel matrix, presumably that which encases and anchors the otoconia within the otolith membrane, whereas others stood alone with no attached filaments and matrix. The otoconia measured roughly 2 to 8 μm in length and displayed a uniform outer shape with a cylindrical bulbous body and a 3 + 3 rhombohedral plane at each end.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the source of the particulate matter in the semicircular canals of patients with BPPV is broken off fragments of the utricular otolithic membrane with attached and detached otoconia.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:709–714, 2017
Why marriage matters: A North American perspective on press/library partnerships
Authors: Watkinson Charles 
Published: October 2016

Key points
Around 30% of campus‐based members of the Association of American University Presses now report to libraries, more than double the number 5 years ago.
Beyond reporting relationships, physical collocation and joint strategic planning characterize the most integrated press/library partnerships.
The main mutual advantages of deep press/library collaboration are economic efficiency, greater relevance to parent institutions, and an increased capacity to engage with the changing needs of authors in the digital age.
There is emerging interest in collaboration at scale among libraries and presses that may extend the impact of press/library collaboration beyond single institutions.
Vision, mission, passion, and luck: The creation of a university press
Authors: Shaw Alison 
Published: October 2016

Key points
Clarity of vision, mission and values are core to a publishing venture's successful development.
Serving a niche community is a privilege as strong, knowledgable and authentic relationships grow across staff, authors, readers and customers.
Developing leadership, management and people skills is as important as supporting publishing skills as a company grows.
Enzyme level N and O isotope effects of assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate reduction
Authors: Treibergs Lija A. , Granger Julie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo provide mechanistic constraints to interpret nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotope ratios of nitrate (
), 15N/14N and 18O/16O, in the environment, we measured the enzymatic
N and O isotope effects (15ε and 18ε) during its reduction by
reductase enzymes, including (1) a prokaryotic respiratory
reductase, Nar, from the heterotrophic denitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans, (2) eukaryotic assimilatory
reductases, eukNR, from Pichia angusta and from Arabidopsis thaliana, and (3) a prokaryotic periplasmic
reductase, Nap, from the photoheterotroph Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Enzymatic Nar and eukNR assays with artificial viologen electron donors yielded identical 18ε and 15ε of ∼28‰, regardless of [
] or assay temperature, suggesting analogous kinetic mechanisms with viologen reductants. Nar assays fuelled with the physiological reductant hydroquinone (HQ) also yielded 18ε ≈ 15ε, but variable amplitudes from 21‰ to 33.0‰ in association with [
], suggesting analogous substrate sensitivity in vivo. Nap assays fuelled by viologen revealed 18ε:15ε of 0.50, where 18ε ≈ 19‰ and 15ε ≈ 38‰, indicating a distinct catalytic mechanism than Nar and eukNR. Nap isotope effects measured in vivo showed a similar 18ε:15ε of 0.57, but reduced 18ε ≈ 11‰ and 15ε ≈ 19‰. Together, the results confirm identical enzymatic 18ε and 15ε during
assimilation and denitrification, reinforcing the reliability of this benchmark to identify
consumption in the environment. However, the amplitude of enzymatic isotope effects is apt to vary in vivo. The distinctive signature of Nap is of interest for deciphering catalytic mechanisms but may be negligible in most environments given its physiological role.
When soft waters becomes softer; drivers of critically low levels of Ca in Norwegian lakes
Authors: Hessen D. O. , Andersen T. , Tominaga K. , Finstad A. G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this study, we analyzed long‐term trends in calcium (Ca) concentrations for 70 Norwegian lakes spanning a broad geographical range and for a wide range of ambient drivers. A striking decline in Ca concentrations was observed during the past 30 yr. The trend was most pronounced in southern, previously acidified localities, while there were weaker and less consistent patterns for central and northern regions. For previously acidified areas, this observed decline in Ca is likely related to base cation depletion or reduced Ca mobilization as a consequence of reduced H2SO4‐deposition. However, lower chloride concentrations, increased runoff and forest density (represented by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) also exerted strong negative impacts on Ca‐concentrations. For lakes with a significant negative trend (n = 34), the average decline was −11.05% per decade, corresponding to −0.023 mg Ca L−1 yr−1. This trend may pull levels of Ca in these already Ca‐deficient poor lakes toward, or below, critically low levels for a range of organisms. A somewhat paradoxical effect of the successful battle against anthropogenic acidification is thus that it may impose an increased Ca‐deficiency of freshwater ecosystems.
Synergistic Effect of Clay Platelets and Carbon Nanotubes in Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Nanocomposites
Authors: Song Sung Ho 
Published: October 2016

Nanoscale materials have provided a big advantage for enhancing the performance of rubber composites through leading the synergy effects in the physical and chemical properties. Here, the authors prepare hybrid fillers using a simple solution‐based method, based on electrostatic interactive assembly, of hydroxyl‐functionalized exfoliated montmorillonite (FE‐MMT) and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide‐modified multiwall nanotube (MWNT). The driving force of hybridization is due to specific interaction between the positive charge on the MWNT and the negative charge of hydroxyl group on MMT. To improve their dispersion, the obtained hybrid fillers are then co‐coagulated with styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) latex to prepare elastomeric composites. Homogenous dispersion of the hybrid nanofillers in the SBR matrix results in a remarkable improvement in mechanical properties such as modulus (0.31 MPa) and tensile strength (75 MPa) at low loadings. Moreover, the prepared composite of hybrid nanofillers and rubber in the SBR matrix exhibits outstanding thermal (0.3779 W m−1 K−1) and electrical conductivities (15 kΩ) and gas barrier performance (9.16 × 10−45 m4 s−1 N−1). The synergistic reinforcement of SBR achieved by the combined incorporation of MWNT and MMT makes it ideal for use in conscious tires. This research opens up a wealth of new opportunities to prepare high performance rubber composites for future engineering applications.
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An Evolutionary Process Model of Cause‐Related Marketing and Systematic Review of the Empirical Literature
Authors: Lafferty Barbara A. , Lueth Annika K. , McCafferty Ryan 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTCause‐related marketing (CRM) is almost ubiquitous as brands of all price points participate in this marketing strategy in the United States and internationally, as well. The value that CRM brings to the firm, the consumer, and the nonprofit organization has made it a popular and valuable tool for marketers. Academic research on CRM has gained momentum in recent years as the strategy has matured. However, insights have occurred without a framework to provide structure and direction for this body of research. Given CRM's continued popularity, the purpose of this article is to (1) propose an evolutionary process model (EPM) of CRM to explain the iterative process (2) utilize this model as a framework for (a) organizing the systematic review of the empirical literature on CRM and (b) for identifying some gaps in the literature. Propositions based on these gaps are provided for future research.
A Molecular‐Dynamics Study of Size and Chirality Effects on Glass‐Transition Temperature and Ordering in Carbon Nanotube‐Polymer Composites
Authors: Malagù Marcello , Lyulin Alexey , Benvenuti Elena , Simone Angelo 
Published: October 2016

Molecular‐dynamics simulations of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in a coarse‐grained amorphous monodisperse polyethylene‐like model system have been carried out. The roles of nanotube diameter and chirality on the physical and structural properties of the composite are thoroughly discussed for several CNTs with different diameter and chirality. It is shown that the glass‐transition temperature of the polymer matrix increases with the diameter of the CNT while chirality effects are negligible. A denser and ordered layered region of polymer matrix is found in the vicinity of the nanotube surface. The density and ordering of this layer increases with the CNT diameter. All simulations indicate that chirality does not affect the atomic structure of the highly ordered layer surrounding the CNTs. Despite the simplicity of the polymer model, results of this study are qualitatively comparable with those obtained from experiments and numerical simulations that consider a chemically specific polymer matrix.image
An analysis of free flap failure using the ACS NSQIP database. Does flap site and flap type matter?
Authors: Kwok Alvin C. , Agarwal Jayant P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeWe sought to use the NSQIP database to determine the national rate and predictors of free flap failure based upon flap sites and flap types.MethodsFree flaps were identified using the 2005–2010 NSQIP database. We examined overall flap failure rates as well as failure rates based upon flap sites (head and neck, extremities, trunk, and breast) and flap types (muscle, fascial, skin, bone, and bowel flaps). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine predictors of flap failure.ResultsThere were 1,187 microvascular free tissue transfers identified. The overall flap failure rate was 5.1%. Head and neck flaps had the highest rate of free flap failure at 7.7%. Prolonged operative time is an independent predictor of flap failure for all free flaps (OR: 2.383, P = 0.0013). When examining predictors of failure by flap site, free flaps to the breast with prolonged operative time are independently associated with flap failure (OR: 2.288, P = 0.0152). When examining predictors of flap failure by flap type, muscle based free flaps with an ASA classification ≥3 are associated with flap failure (P = 0.0441).ConclusionsRisk factors for free flap failure differ based upon flap site and flap type. Prolonged operative time is an independent risk factor for the failure of free flaps used for breast reconstruction. An ASA classification ≥3 is associated with the failure of free muscle based flaps. Our findings identify actionable areas that may help to improve free flap success.
The novel treatment of SVF‐enriched fat grafting for painful end‐neuromas of superficial radial nerve
Authors: Calcagni Maurizio , Zimmermann Simon , Scaglioni Mario F. , Giesen Thomas , Giovanoli Pietro , Fakin Richard M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionNone of the existing treatments in the management of painful end‐neuromas of the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) has been proven superior due to high levels of pain relapse. Fat grafts enriched with the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) could act as a mechanic barrier with biological effects decreasing the resorption rate and boosting the graft's regenerative potential. This study describes the novel surgical treatment technique of SVF‐enriched fat grafting.Patients and MethodsIn this clinical study, five consecutive patients treated for painful end‐neuromas of the SBRN between 2012 and 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Microsurgical resection of end‐neuromas followed by SVF‐enriched fat grafting around the nerve stump was performed in all patients. Five different pain modalities and various predictors were compared pre‐ and up to 36 months postoperatively.ResultsPain reduction observed at 2 months after surgery was constant over time, though not statistically significant compared to preoperative levels. Spontaneous pain could be reduced from 1.6 ± 0.55 to 1.2 ± 1.1 (p = 0.414), spikes from 2.2 ± 1.3 to 1.4 ± 1.34 (p = 0.180), hyperaesthesia from 1.6 ± 1.14 to 1.2 ± 1.64 (p = 0.713), tap pain from 2.8 ± 0.45 to 1.8 ± 1.3 (p = 0.197) and motion pain from 2.8 ± 0.45 to 1.4 ± 1.34 (p = 0.066). An improvement in overall pain reduction could be observed from 2.2 ± 0.97 to 1.4 ± 1.26 3 years after the surgery (p = 0.104).ConclusionSVF‐enriched fat grafting represents another alternative to numerous available treatments of painful end‐neuromas of the SBRN. Our preliminary results could not show any significant difference in pain reduction following SVF‐enriched fat grafting. Further larger trials are required in order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of SVF‐enriched fat grafting.
Progress toward reaction monitoring at variable temperatures: a new stopped‐flow NMR probe design
Authors: Dunn Anna L. , Landis Clark R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA stopped‐flow NMR probe is described that enables fast flow rates, short transfer times, and equilibration of the reactant magnetization and temperature prior to reaction. The capabilities of the probe are demonstrated by monitoring the polymerization of lactide as catalyzed by the air‐sensitive catalyst 1,3‐dimesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene (IMes) over the temperature range of −30 to 40 °C. The incorporation of stopped‐flow capabilities into an NMR probe permits the rich information content of NMR to be accessed during the first few seconds of a fast reaction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.