bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity in Rice Tillers Yield Associated with Tillers Formation and Nitrogen Fertilizer
Authors: Wang Yang , Ren Tao , Lu Jianwei , Ming Ri , Li Pengfei , Hussain Saddam , Cong Rihuan , Li Xiaokun 
Published: June 2016

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) farmers generally overcome low seeding rates with additional nitrogen (N) fertilization to develop more productive tillers. However, not every tiller provides high productivity; instead, a sufficient N source leads to the production of tillers with low yield potential. The objectives of this study were (i) to quantify the heterogeneity within tillers regarding yield formation at different N levels and (ii) to examine the differences in tiller growth period, grain yield, and carbon (C) and N concentrations at different N levels. In 2013 to 2014, field experiments consisted of a randomized complete block design with three N fertilizer rates. Gini coefficient was adopted to analyze the heterogeneities of various tillers regarding grain yield. Results showed that tiller heterogeneity was enhanced with increasing N levels. Under the same N rate condition, the grain yield of productive tillers decreased with the later‐emerging tillers. The early‐emerging tillers possessed the characteristics of long growth period, strong intercepted photosynthetic active radiation, and high C/N ratio in straw. The N‐induced enhancement in rice population mainly occurred due to the increase in grain yield of early‐emerging tillers. However, this upward trend would emerge peak value after sufficient N supply. Therefore, analyzing the limiting factors for low production of late‐emerging tillers may provide a novel perspective on further improving the rice population yield.Core Ideas

Heterogeneity in rice tillers yield is increased with increasing N rates.
Short growth period is not the key limiting factor to late‐emerging tillers.
Early‐emerging tillers pre‐empt the uppermost light source and shade the late‐emerging tillers.
Early‐emerging tillers possess higher C/N ratio in straw than late‐emerging tillers.
Late‐emerging tillers have higher yield potential under sufficient N supply.
THE KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM AND DEBATES ON SHARI’A Reconsidering Islamic Law in Indonesia
Authors: Nasir Mohamad Abdun 
Published: June 2016

<p>The discourses on the application of shari’a law through state enforcement have become public concerns in Indonesia and constituted a controversial issue. The idea of the application has been brought up by a number of Muslim politicians and Muslim groups and organizations that consider shari’a the best solution for the multi-dimension of socio-economic and political crisis upon the downfall of the New Order Regime in 1998. They believe that shari’a enforcement not only fits the spirit of democracy, assuming that the majority of population in the country is Muslims, but also offers a comprehensive solution to the crisis. Unfortunately, this idea is not grounded on a comprehensive apprehension to the nature of shari’a itself and pluralistic Indonesian society but more on political impetus, namely a strong plea to realize an Islamic state that integrates the state and religion and Islam and politics. By examining the <em>Kompilasi Hukum Islam</em>, as one example of shari’a legislation in Indonesia, this article demonstrates the problems of Islamic reform that most proponents of shari’a application have overlooked. It argues that application of religious law by the state must consider the methodology of the law and its impacts for broader society.</p><p>***</p><p class="IABSSS">Wacana tentang penerapan hukum Islam (syari’ah) melalui kekuasaan negara telah menjadi perhatian publik di Indonesia dan menimbulkan isu-isu kontroversial. Ide tentang penerapan itu telah dibawa oleh sejumlah politisi, kelompok, serta organisasi yang menganggap syari’ah sebagai solusi terbaik atas krisis multi dimensi, sosial, ekonomi, dan politik pasca jatuhnya rezim Orde Baru pada tahun 1998. Mereka percaya bahwa penegakan hukum Islam tidak hanya cocok dengan semangat demokratisasi, karena asumsi bahwa mayoritas penduduk di negara ini Muslim, namun juga me­nawarkan solusi yang komprehensif bagi krisis tersebut. Sayangnya, hal ini tidak didasarkan pada pembacaan yang komprehensif terhadap sifat syari’ah itu sendiri dan terhadap kondisi sosial masyarakat Indonesia yang majemuk, melainkan lebih pada dorongan politik, yaitu dorongan yang kuat untuk mewujudkan sebuah negara Islam yang mengintegrasikan negara dan agama serta Islam dan politik. Dengan menganalisis Kompilasi Hukum Islam, sebagai salah satu contoh produk hukum Islam di Indonesia, muncul argumentasi bahwa penerapan hukum agama oleh negara harus mem­pertimbangkan metodologi hukum dan dampaknya bagi masyarakat luas.</p><p class="IABSSS">***</p><div class="WordSection1"><p class="IAKEY" align="left">Keywords: <em class="IAKEY">Kompilasi Hukum Islam</em>, <em>shari’a, changes, response, Islam-state relations</em>, Indonesia</p></div>
FATWA MUI TENTANG VASEKTOMI Tanggapan Ulama dan Dampaknya terhadap Peningkatan Medis Operasi Pria (MOP)
Authors: Muhyiddin Muhyiddin 
Published: June 2016

This field research aims to determine three things: the background of the changing fatwa MUI on Vasectomy from ‘haram’ to ‘halal on condition’; responses from the Moslem scholars; and the impact of fatwa on increasing the number of Vasectomy participants in Central Java. The data collection was done by using documentation and interviews while data analysis was done by using descriptive qualitative method. The results of this research are: 1) The reason for the changing fatwa on Vasectomy from ‘haram’ to ‘halal on condition’ is due to a new ‘<em>illat</em>, namely the success of recanalization. 2) Against the new fatwa, Ulama Muhammadiyah approved it by tightening and adding certain requirements. While Ulama NU disagree on the fatwa as evidence of the success of recanalization is considered not convincing <em>(muhaqqaqah)</em>. 3) The new fatwa has not been an impact on increasing the number of Vasectomy participants in Central Java.
PEMBERHENTIAN BUPATI GARUT DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIKIH SIYĀSAH AL-MAWARDI
Authors: Irfan M Nurul 
Published: June 2016

This article intends to analyze the case of Garut Regent dismissal, Aceng Fikri from his position according to al-Mawardi’s Fiqh Siyasah perspective. Reasons for the dismissal was a violation of Article 28 f UU No. 32 / 2004 on Regional Government. The article states that the head of regional and the deputy of head of regional are prohibited from misusing authority and violation of the oath of position. In addition, he is also considered not to meet the obligation for local office as mentioned in Article 27 point (1), letter e, which is the regional head and deputy regional head has the obligation to obey and enforce all laws and regulations. In the perspective of Fiqh Siyasah al-Mawardi, an unfairly leader can dismissed from his post. One indicator of an injustice leader is a violation of ethics.
Risk factors for small pharyngeal airway dimensions in preorthodontic children: A three-dimensional study
Authors: Anandarajah Seerone , Dudhia Raahib , Sandham Andrew , Sonnesen Liselotte 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjective: To analyze which parameters, gathered from standard orthodontic diagnostic material, were most relevant for identifying small pharyngeal airway dimensions in preorthodontic children.Materials and Methods: The sample was composed of 105 cone beam computed tomography scans of healthy preorthodontic children (44 boys, 61 girls; mean age, 10.7 ± 2.4 years). Airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area were three-dimensionally assessed. Cephalometric features and skeletal maturity were assessed on generated two-dimensional cephalograms. Associations were analyzed and adjusted for age, gender, and skeletal maturity by multiple regression analyses.Results: Airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area were significantly smaller in prepubertal children (P &lt; .001, P &lt; .05, respectively) and positively associated with age (P &lt; .001, P &lt; .01, respectively). After adjustment of age, skeletal maturity and gender significant associations were found between pharyngeal airway dimensions and craniofacial morphology. Airway volume was positively associated with maxillary and mandibular width (P &lt; .01; P &lt; .001, respectively) and anterior face height (P &lt; .05; P &lt; .05, respectively). Minimal cross-sectional area was positively associated with maxillary and mandibular width (P &lt; .01; P &lt; .001, respectively) and negatively associated with sagittal jaw relationship (AnPg, P &lt; .05). Mandibular width and age were the most relevant factors for airway volume (r2 = 0.36). Mandibular width and sagittal jaw relationship were the most relevant factors for minimal cross-sectional area (r2 = 0.16).Conclusion: Pharyngeal airway dimensions were significantly associated with age, skeletal maturity, and craniofacial morphology in all three planes. Children with a reduced mandibular width and increased sagittal jaw relationship are particularly at risk of having small pharyngeal airway dimensions.
A retrospective survey of the causes of bracket- and tube-bonding failures
Authors: Roelofs Tom , Merkens Nico , Roelofs Jeroen , Bronkhorst Ewald , Breuning Hero 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the causes of bonding failures of orthodontic brackets and tubes and the effect of premedicating for saliva reduction.Materials and Methods: Premedication with atropine sulfate was administered randomly. Failure rate of brackets and tubes placed in a group of 158 consecutive patients was evaluated after a mean period of 67 weeks after bonding.Results: The failure rate in the group without atropine sulfate premedication was 2.4%. In the group with premedication, the failure rate was 2.7%. The Cox regression analysis of these groups showed that atropine application did not lead to a reduction in bond failures. Statistically significant differences in the hazard ratio were found for the bracket regions and for the dental assistants who prepared for the bonding procedure.Conclusions: Premedication did not lead to fewer bracket failures. The roles of the dental assistant and patient in preventing failures was relevant. A significantly higher failure rate for orthodontic appliances was found in the posterior regions.
The predictability of transverse changes with Invisalign
Authors: Houle Jean-Philippe , Piedade Luis , Todescan Reynaldo , Pinheiro Fabio H. S. L 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To investigate the predictability of arch expansion using Invisalign.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-four adult white patients were selected to be part of this retrospective study. Pre- and posttreatment digital models created from an iTero scan were obtained from a single orthodontist practitioner. Digital models from Clincheck were also obtained from Align Technology. Linear values of upper and lower arch widths were measured for canines, premolars, and first molars at two different points: lingual gingival margins and cusp tips. A paired t-test was used to compare expansion planned on Clincheck with the posttreatment measurements. Variance ratio tests were used to determine if a larger change planned was associated with larger error.
Results: For every maxillary measurement, there was a statistically significant difference between Clincheck and final outcome (P &lt; .05), with prediction worsening toward the posterior region of the arch. For the lower arch measurements at the gingival margin, there was a statistically significant difference between the Clincheck planned expansion and the final outcome (P &lt; .05). Points measured at the cusp tips of the lower arch teeth showed nonstatistically significant differences between Clincheck prediction and the final outcome (P &gt; .05). Variance ratios for upper and lower arches were significant (P &lt; .05).
Conclusions: The mean accuracy of expansion planned with Invisalign for the maxilla was 72.8%. The lower arch presented an overall accuracy of 87.7%. Clincheck overestimates expansion by body movement; more tipping is observed. Overcorrection of expansion in the posterior region of the maxillary arch seems appropriate.
TameTire: Introduction to the Model
Authors: Pearson Matthew , Blanco-Hague Oliver , Pawlowski Ryan 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Tire modeling is an ever-growing area of interest for vehicles as more efficient development processes are desired in terms of time and resources. Vehicle simulations offer an opportunity for development teams to predict tire and vehicle performance before the construction of a physical prototype. Michelin has identified the need for more robust and accurate tire models that can be used for such simulations to give an accurate description of the transient mechanical and thermal behavior of a tire. Rubber's viscous and elastic properties are heavily dependent on their thermal state; when this effect is not modeled, it results in mathematical tire models that insufficiently predict tire performance. TameTire aims to fill this void for a broad range of maneuvers, track characteristics, and operating conditions based on the ability to predict tire forces and moments with physically based parameters. Some physical characteristics contained within a TameTire model include contact patch dimensions, tread, sidewall and belt stiffnesses, and rubber compound properties. Empirical tire models for handling have limited representation of tire physical properties due to the dependence on the measurement protocol and lack of identification of the thermal state of the tire. TameTire's advance modeling techniques include capturing a tire's thermal effects, thereby allowing for a more accurate and thorough analysis of tires behavior while being physically based (e.g., parameters for stiffness, rubber properties) and allowing the model to be grounded in the actual physics of a tire operating.
Ocular Blood Flow Alterations during Inferior Turbinate Radiofrequency Reduction under Local Anesthesia
Authors: Doğan Sedat , Şimşek Ali , Bayraktar Cem , Yazıcı Haşmet , Sarıkaya Yasin , Karataş Mehmet , Karadağ Ayşe Sevgi , Çapkın Musa 
Published: June 2016

Background Ocular blood flow alterations and blindness are uncommon and less-known adverse effects of nasal local anesthetic infiltrations. Our aim was to investigate ocular blood flow alterations during radiofrequency (RF) tissue reduction of inferior turbinates with the patient under local anesthesia by using a noninvasive method with optical coherence tomography. Methods A total of 120 patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy were prospectively randomized into two groups. In group 1, a total of 61 patients underwent RF tissue reduction while under local anesthesia with epinephrine. In group 2, a total of 59 patients underwent RF tissue reduction of inferior turbinates while under local anesthesia without epinephrine. Optical coherence tomography measurements were performed before surgery and at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after local anesthetic infiltration. Results Choroid thickness measurements decreased gradually after local anesthetic infiltration until 30 minutes and increased to the same plane with the baseline at 60 minutes in group 1 (p < 0.05). In group 2, the choroid thickness measurement was significantly decreased after local anesthetic infiltration at 15 and 45 minutes (p < 0.05). When the choroid thickness measurements were compared between the groups, in group 1 blood flow was significantly lower than in group 2 at 30 minutes (p < 0.05). Conclusion We observed a statistically significant reduction in choroid circulation after local anesthetic with epinephrine infiltration into inferior turbinates. Otolaryngologists should be careful after local anesthetic infiltration, and monitor the vision. Further studies with larger series would be needed to discuss safety of local anesthetics.
Biological Timekeeping: The Business of a Blind Watchmaker
Authors: Lloyd David 
Published: June 2016

Fundamental understanding of life depends on both structural and functional details at the molecular level. Continually improving means of measurement of spatial and dynamic properties of biochemical constituents and cellular components complement studies of whole organisms. Integration of the interaction of components to provide coherent behaviour depends on highly elaborate orchestration in space and time. Whereas spatial information on a nanometre resolution is available, and fast dynamic analyses provide biochemical reaction rates measured in nanoseconds, functional coordination of the system requires integrated time dependence. While we are well aware of the special complexity of living organisms, appreciation of temporal scales and their organisation in time is still fragmentary. This article summarises current developments in research on biological time on scales from nanoseconds to years, the networks that connect different time domains and the oscillations, rhythms and biological clocks that coordinate and synchronise the complexity of the living state. “It is the pattern maintained by this homeostasis, which is the touchstone of our personal identity. Our tissues change as we live: the food we eat and the air we breathe become flesh of our flesh, and bone of our bone, and the momentary elements of our flesh and bone pass out of our body every day with our excreta. We are but whirlpools in a river of ever-flowing water. We are not the stuff that abides, but patterns that perpetuate themselves”60. Wiener, 1954 “What are called structures are slow processes of long duration, functions are quick processes of short duration”61. Von Bertalanffy, 1952
Approximate analytical solutions of MHD viscous flow
Authors: Awati Vishwanath Basavaraj 
Published: June 2016

The paper presents the semi-numerical solution for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) viscous flow due to a shrinking sheet caused by boundary layer of an incompressible viscous flow. The governing three partial differential equations of momentum equations are reduced into ordinary differential equation (ODE) by using a classical similarity transformation along with appropriate boundary conditions. Both nonlinearity and infinite interval demand novel mathematical tools for their analysis. We use fast converging Dirichlet series and Method of stretching of variables for the solution of these nonlinear differential equations. These methods have the advantages over pure numerical methods for obtaining the derived quantities accurately for various values of the parameters involved at a stretch and also they are valid in much larger parameter domain as compared with HAM, HPM, ADM and the classical numerical schemes.
NEW NEUTRON-CAPTURE MEASUREMENTS IN 23 OPEN CLUSTERS. I. THE r-PROCESS
Authors: Overbeek Jamie C. , Friel Eileen D. , Jacobson Heather R. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Neutron-capture elements, those with Z > 35, are the least well understood in terms of nucleosynthesis and formation environments. The rapid neutron-capture, or r-process, elements are formed in the environments and/or remnants of massive stars, while the slow neutron-capture, or s-process, elements are primarily formed in low-mass AGB stars. These elements can provide much information about Galactic star formation and enrichment, but observational data are limited. We have assembled a sample of 68 stars in 23 open clusters that we use to probe abundance trends for six neutron-capture elements (Eu, Gd, Dy, Mo, Pr, and Nd) with cluster age and location in the disk of the Galaxy. In order to keep our analysis as homogeneous as possible, we use an automated synthesis fitting program, which also enables us to measure multiple (3–10) lines for each element. We find that the pure r-process elements (Eu, Gd, and Dy) have positive trends with increasing cluster age, while the mixed r- and s-process elements (Mo, Pr, and Nd) have insignificant trends consistent with zero. Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, and Dy have similar, slight (although mostly statistically significant) gradients of ∼0.04 dex kpc−1. The mixed elements also appear to have nonlinear relationships with R
GC.
SUPPRESSION OF PARALLEL TRANSPORT IN TURBULENT MAGNETIZED PLASMAS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE NON-THERMAL AND THERMAL ASPECTS OF SOLAR FLARES
Authors: Bian Nicolas H. , Kontar Eduard P. , Emslie A. Gordon 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The transport of the energy contained in electrons, both thermal and suprathermal, in solar flares plays a key role in our understanding of many aspects of the flare phenomenon, from the spatial distribution of hard X-ray emission to global energetics. Motivated by recent RHESSI observations that point to the existence of a mechanism that confines electrons to the coronal parts of flare loops more effectively than Coulomb collisions, we here consider the impact of pitch-angle scattering off turbulent magnetic fluctuations on the parallel transport of electrons in flaring coronal loops. It is shown that the presence of such a scattering mechanism in addition to Coulomb collisional scattering can significantly reduce the parallel thermal and electrical conductivities relative to their collisional values. We provide illustrative expressions for the resulting thermoelectric coefficients that relate the thermal flux and electrical current density to the temperature gradient and the applied electric field. We then evaluate the effect of these modified transport coefficients on the flare coronal temperature that can be attained, on the post-impulsive-phase cooling of heated coronal plasma, and on the importance of the beam-neutralizing return current on both ambient heating and the energy loss rate of accelerated electrons. We also discuss the possible ways in which anomalous transport processes have an impact on the required overall energy associated with accelerated electrons in solar flares.
CORRALLING A DISTANT PLANET WITH EXTREME RESONANT KUIPER BELT OBJECTS
Authors: Malhotra Renu , Volk Kathryn , Wang Xianyu 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The four longest period Kuiper Belt objects have orbital periods close to integer ratios with each other. A hypothetical planet with an orbital period of ∼17,117 years and a semimajor axis ∼665 au would have N/1 and N/2 period ratios with these four objects. The orbital geometries and dynamics of resonant orbits constrain the orbital plane, the orbital eccentricity, and the mass of such a planet as well as its current location in its orbital path.
L’empire du leurre
Authors: Servant Benoît 
Published: June 2016

L’auteur s’intéresse à la polémique sur la dangerosité des NTIC pour la santé mentale des adolescents. Il relève chez les « défenseurs » des NTIC un déni du problème soulevé par leur usage excessif et de l’importance du lien interhumain, une affirmation discutable de leur valeur auto-thérapeutique, et un usage détourné de concepts psychanalytiques. Il rattache cette position à une intolérance à l’altérité interne et externe propre à notre modernité et favorisée par la virtualisation de l’expérience.
La création de la « Facilité de paix pour l’Afrique »
Authors: Loisel Sébastien 
Published: June 2016

Les jeux d’acteurs à l’œuvre au sein de l’UE dans la définition d’une approche globale de la gestion des crises sont souvent rapportés à des rapports de force intergouvernementaux ou interinstitutionnels. L’analyse de la création de la Facilité de paix pour l’Afrique entre 2003 et 2004 permet au contraire de faire apparaître des luttes qui traversent les États membres comme les principales institutions européennes et se déploient selon des logiques intra- et intersectorielles. Elles reflètent non seulement des intérêts de position bureaucratiques, mais également les représentations sociales propres aux secteurs de la sécurité et du développement.