bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Concealment Scale: Validation of two Portuguese versions
Authors: Costa M. , Pereira A.T. , Soares M.J. , Azevedo J. , Macedo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSelf-Concealment Scale (SCS) is composed of ten items to measure self-concealment, defined as a tendency to conceal from others personal information that one perceives as distressing or negative (Larson and Chastain, 1990).ObjectiveTo investigate the psychometric properties of the SCS-10 Portuguese version and of an adapted version containing two additional items specifically focused on self-concealment related do health problems (physical and psychological)–SCS-12.MethodsThe Portuguese version of the SCS-12 and other validated questionnaires designed to evaluate self-reported health, perfectionism and optimism-pessimism were administered to a convenience sample of 555 adults from the community (60.5% females; mean age = 43.49 ± 10.565).ResultsThe SCS-10 and SCS-12 Cronbach's alphas were α < 0.80. In both versions, all the items contribute to the internal consistency. The factor analysis, following the Kaiser and the Cattel's Scree Plot criteria, revealed that SCS-10 is unidimensional and that SCS-12 reliably and validly evaluates two dimensions: F1 Keeping secrets (Explained variance = 48.60%; α = 0.816), F2 Personal concealment including health problems (9.65%; α = 0.797). The pattern of correlations of the SCS dimensional and total scores was as follow: negative low correlations with physical health (@−0.20), negative moderate correlations with psychological health (@–.30), moderate correlations with self-oriented perfectionism, social-prescribed perfectionism, pessimism (@0.25) and optimism (@−0.20).ConclusionsThe Portuguese versions of SCS have good reliability and validity (construct and convergent-divergent). The factorial structure partially overlaps with the original. SCS could be useful for research proposes, namely in an ongoing project on the role of the mentioned personality traits on illness and health behavior.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Effects of implicit affect on emotional coping and school adjustment: A short-term longitudinal study with a school-based universal prevention program for enhancing emotional abilities
Authors: Uchida K. , Yokoshima T. , Yamasaki K. 
Published: May 2016

In recent years, affect and emotions are hot research topics in the domains of psychology and brain science. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have started to investigate the effects of implicit affect on health and adjustment. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of implicit affect on explicit emotional coping with others’ emotions and school adjustment in children.MethodsParticipants were 5th- and 6th-grade children in two public elementary schools in Japan. The final samples were fifty-six children (25 boys and 31 girls). Participants completed a battery of three questionnaires just before (T1) and after (T2) an school-based universal prevention program for enhancing emotional coping abilities with others’ emotions, which was implemented in eight classes during one month. The questionnaires were utilized for assessing implicit positive and negative affect (IPA and INA), explicit emotional coping abilities to identify, understand, and regulate others’ emotions, and the adaptive status of children at school.ResultsHierarchical regression analyses showed that higher IPA at T1 was associated with higher explicit emotional coping and motivation for learning at T2. Also, higher INA at T1 was related to better peer relationship at T2. Moreover, higher IPA and INA at T1 were concerned with higher scores of classroom climate and approval at T2.ConclusionThis study suggested that higher IPA leads to higher explicit emotional coping with others’ emotions. Also, it suggested that higher implicit affectivity (i.e., both higher IPA and INA) causes more adaptive status of children at school.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Interleukin-receptor antagonist (IL1-RA) with respect to schizophrenia psychopathology
Authors: Frydecka D. , Misiak B. , Sedlaczek P. , Pawlak-Adamska E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe influence of the immune deregulation on the risk and psychopathology of schizophrenia is increasingly recognized in the literature.AimTo assess the association between serum IL-1RA on schizophrenia psychopathology.MethodsWe recruited 88 schizophrenia patients (38 males and 49 females, mean age 38.12 ± 12.67 years) and 88 healthy adult control subjects (68 males, 20 females, mean age 40.63 ± 7.99 years). Lifetime psychopathology was evaluated using Operational Criteria for Psychotic Illness (OPCRIT) checklist, while current psychopathology was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Serum samples were stored in aliquots at –80 °C. Serum levels of IL1-RA were measured using Immunoassay (ELISA).ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls (median ± interquartile range: 350,81 ± 227.04 and 888.74 ± 762.63, respectively [pg/ml]) (U Mann–Whitney test, Z = –7.99, P < 0.0001). There were no differences in serum IL1-RA levels between male and female among patients with schizophrenia (U Mann–Whitney test, Z = –0.22, P = 0.82) nor among healthy control subjects (U Mann–Whitney test, Z = –0.17, P = 0.86). Among schizophrenia patients, there was a trend-level association between IL-1RA serum level with negative symptoms (Spearman correlation coefficient, r = –0.23, P = 0.056), positive symptoms (Spearman correlation coefficient r = –0.22, P = 0.066), and on a statistically significant level with general symptoms (Spearman correlation coefficient r = –0.28, P = 0.018).ConclusionSerum IL1-RA level is higher in schizophrenia patients in comparison to healthy controls and it is associated with schizophrenia psychopathology.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The novel antipsychotic cariprazine (RGH-188): State-of-the-art in the treatment of psychiatric disorders
Authors: Orsolini L. , Valchera A. , De Berardis D. , Vecchiotti R. , Iasevoli F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCariprazine (RGH-188) is a novel antipsychotic drug that exerts partial agonism of dopamine D2/D3 receptors with preferential binding to D3 receptor, antagonism of 5HT2B receptors and partial agonism of 5HT1A. Currently, cariprazine is in late-stage clinical development (phase III clinical trials) in patients with schizophrenia (S) and in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), as well as an adjunctive treatment in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and drug-resistant MDD.ObjectivesCariprazine has completed phase III trials for the acute treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar mania, phase II trials for the bipolar depression and MDD whilst it is undergoing phase III trials as an adjunct to antidepressants.AimsThe present review aims at proving a comprehensive summary of the current evidence on the safety, tolerability and efficacy of cariprazine in the treatment of schizophrenia, BD (manic/mixed/depressive episode) and MDD.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on PubMed/Medline/Scopus and the database on Clinical Trials from inception until April 2015 by typing a set of specified keywords.ResultsAvailable evidence seems to support cariprazine efficacy in the treatment of cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Preliminary findings suggest its antimanic activity whilst it is still under investigation its efficacy in the treatment of bipolar depression and MDD. Furthermore, the available data seems not to allow judgements about its antipsychotic potential in comparison with currently prescribed antipsychotics.ConclusionsFurther studies should be carried out to better investigate its pharmacodynamic and clinical potential, particularly as alternative to current antipsychotic drugs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Use of inhaled loxapine in acute psychiatric agitation
Authors: Ovejero S. , Iza M. , Vallejo S. , Vera C. , Sedano A. , Álvarez R. , Mata L. , Sánchez-Alonso S. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this work is to study the efficacy of loxapine inhalation powder on agitated patients in a psychiatric inpatient unit.MethodsNineteen patients sample, with an average age of 39.4 years old, diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder. Patients inhaled loxapine 10 mg, using the staccato system, when they suffered a psychomotor agitation. The clinical efficacy was measured as a change from baseline in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC) and in the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) one hour after the administration of loxapine.ResultsA mean of 9.8 points reduction (22.6 at baseline and 12.7 one hour after the administration) was found on the PANSS-EC (t-test, P < .001) and 68.4% of the patients were considered responders as they obtained a reduction of at least 40% of the basal score. On 10 of the total of the agitated patients showed an improvement of the psychomotor excitement, and this allowed the clinicians to remove the physical restraint; on 6 of the agitated patients the physical restraint could be avoided during the whole treatment; and 3 of the patients experienced a reduction of the excitement. The reduction on PANNS-EC on the latest group was not statistically significant (t-test, P = .121).ConclusionsInhaled loxapine was a non-invasive, rapid and effective alternative treatment for acute agitation in a psychiatric inpatient unit. It resulted more effective on mild and moderate cases; not been significantly effective on the severe cases of agitation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Which antidepressants are associated with increased risk of developing mania? A retrospective electronic case register cohort study
Authors: Patel R. , Reiss P. , Shetty H. , Broadbent M. , Stewart R. , McGuire P. , Taylor M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe symptoms of bipolar disorder are sometimes misrecognised for unipolar depression and inappropriately treated with antidepressants. This may be associated with increased risk of developing mania. However, the extent to which this depends on what type of antidepressant is prescribed remains unclear.AimsTo investigate the association between different classes of antidepressants and subsequent onset of mania/bipolar disorder in a real-world clinical setting.MethodsData on prior antidepressant therapy were extracted from 21,012 adults with unipolar depression receiving care from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM). multivariable Cox regression analysis (with age and gender as covariates) was used to investigate the association of antidepressant therapy with risk of developing mania/bipolar disorder.ResultsIn total, 91,110 person-years of follow-up data were analysed (mean follow-up: 4.3 years). The overall incidence rate of mania/bipolar disorder was 10.9 per 1000 person-years. The peak incidence of mania/bipolar disorder was seen in patients aged between 26 and 35 years (12.3 per 1000 person-years). The most frequently prescribed antidepressants were SSRIs (35.5%), mirtazapine (9.4%), venlafaxine (5.6%) and TCAs (4.7%). Prior antidepressant treatment was associated with an increased incidence of mania/bipolar disorder ranging from 13.1 to 19.1 per 1000 person-years. Multivariable analysis indicated a significant association with SSRIs (hazard ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.18–1.52) and venlafaxine (1.35, 1.07–1.70).ConclusionsIn people with unipolar depression, antidepressant treatment is associated with an increased risk of subsequent mania/bipolar disorder. These findings highlight the importance of considering risk factors for mania when treating people with depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Efficacy and safety of long-term cabergoline treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia (naturalistic study)
Authors: Yunilaynen O. , Starostina E. , Dzeranova L. , Baranov P. , Dedov I. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAntipsychotic-induced hyperpolactinemia (AIH) is associated with disturbing clinical symptoms, such as sexual dysfunctions, menstrual disorders and galactorrhea. Long-term studies of dopamine agonists in AIH are scarce.ObjectivesTo assess efficacy and safety of cabergoline use in psychiatric patients with AIH, including impact on sexual function and quality of life(QoL).MethodsIt was an open-labeled non-randomized naturalistic prospective comparison of cabergoline vs nо treatment in 84 chronic psychiatric patients (F/M = 77/7) with AIH. Cabergoline treatment was started in 44 patients, the сontrol group included 40 patients who rejected the treatment with cabergoline. For assessment of QoL, sexual dysfunction and other hyperprolactinemia symptoms, UKU side effects rating scale (UKU) and SF-36 were used.ResultsThe main and control groups were comparable on all main clinical and psychiatric characteristics. The effective cabergoline dose was 0,25-3 (median-0,5) mg weekly; total cabergoline exposure–534 patient-weeks. Normal prolactin levels were achieved after 4-44 (median-14) weeks in 95% of patients. At 3 months after cabergoline discontinuation, prolactin remained normal in 71%, and AIH recurred in 29% of patients. Prolactin normalization was associated with significant reduction of menstrual disorders, galactorrhea, improvement of UKU scores on sexual desire, orgastic dysfunction, total UKU score and SF-36 scores on subscales of social functioning (P = 0,006), role-emotional (P = 0,042), and mental health (P = 0,049). The rate of psychosis exacerbation in control group was higher than in the treatment group (37,5% vs 0%; P < 0,001).ConclusionsCabergoline is effective and safe in majority of AIH patients. Long-term cabergoline treatment is not associated with psychosis exacerbation. Beyond reversal of typical AIH symptoms, treatment with cabergolin improves sexual function and QoL.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Electroconvulsive therapy in elderly - a preliminary study
Authors: Agostinho C. , Duarte M. , Alves R. , Cunha I. , Batista A.M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionStudies with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in elderly focus mainly on the assessment of possible side effects on the cognitive functioning; there are few studies that evaluate the effectiveness.ObjectiveEvaluate the effectiveness of this treatment in the population over 65 years.AimsPerform a preliminary study to evaluate the response to ECT of ≥ 65 years patients with depression.MethodsWe carry out a descriptive study based on patients treated in the last 10 years in the ECT Unit of Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa.ResultsOur initial sample consisted of 457 patients. We select patients aged ≥ 65 years with depression, and with complete data, including electroconvulsive parameters, and initial and final Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) scores (n = 59). Of this, 81.36% (n = 48) had unipolar depression, and 18.64% (n = 11) had bipolar depression. In the first group, the mean variation between the initial and final scores in HRSD was 13.88 points, and 27.10% (n = 13) of the patients ended the treatment in the normal range of HRSD score. In the second group, the mean variation was 12.82, and 63.60% (n = 7) ended the treatment in the normal range of HRSD. Considering the initial and final HRSD scores, it appears that unipolar depression group presents higher values (severe depression) (P < 0.05). When we compare the mean variation between the initial and final HRSD scores, we didn’t observe a statistically significant difference between the two groups. There was a clinical improvement in both.ConclusionsThe acute treatment with ECT appears to improve depressive symptoms in bipolar and unipolar depression, when considering an elderly population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the management of treatment-resistant depression in schizophrenia
Authors: Mosolov S. , Maslenikov N. , Tsukarzi E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDepression is the most common co-occurring syndrome in schizophrenia, which affects up to 60% of patients. Depression aggravates negative symptoms and cognitive deficit and can deteriorate social functioning, quality of life and outcome of the disease. Insufficient clinical response to adequate pharmacotherapy determines rising interest to brain stimulation techniques such as rTMS.ObjectivesThe primary goal was to evaluate safety and efficacy of rTMS in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients with dominant depressive and negative symptoms in open non-controlled trial.Aims and patientsThirty-one schizophrenia (ICD-10) patients with evident depression (CDSS ≥ 6) and negative symptoms and with stable low rate positive symptoms on combined adequate pharmacotherapy (antipsychotic + antidepressant), which have not been changed for at least 6 weeks, were included to the study.MethodsAll patients received 15-Hz rTMS on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (100% intensity, 1800 pulses per session, 5 sessions per week, 15 sessions per course) with 8-shaped coil of Neuro-MS/D stimulator (Neurosoft). The primary efficacy measure was 50% CDSS score reduction after the 3rd week of treatment. The secondary measures were weekly reduction rates for CDSS and for PANSS negative syndrome scale.ResultsTwenty (64,5%) patients respond to rTMS. Final mean CDSS score reduction was 55,2% (P = 0,000004), and mean PANSS negative scale score reduction was 21,3% (P = 0,000012). Two patients (6,5%) were excluded due to persistent headaches, no serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionsrTMS is safe and effective strategy for the management of treatment-resistant depression in schizophrenia and can alleviate negative symptoms. Further sham-controlled studies are needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
What makes for good outcomes in solution-focused brief therapy? A follow-up study
Authors: Cortes B. , Ballesteros A. , Collantes J. , Aguilar M.L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSolution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) is a strength-based and a social constructivist approach that assumes that individuals have the ability to develop creative solutions that enhance their lives to develop a new self, modify worldviews, and implement behaviour changes.ObjectivesTo develop a quantitative research to determine which clinical variables and process variables are measured using the technique of judges and determine its statistical association with the outcome at termination of therapy and follow-up, using the videos of SFBT psychotherapy sessions, and a follow-up call.AimsTo identify variables associated with outcome at termination and follow-up and to evaluate the success applying SFBT.MethodsSample was composed by 74 cases.Criteria of inclusionA telephone number available to make the follow follow-up call and at least 6 months since termination (6 months to 39 months, mean 15.6 months). Three questionnaire were used, The First-Session Rating Questionnaire, The Last-Session Ration Questionnaire and The Follow-up Questionnaire.ResultsGoals were reached 88% of the cases, patients said that complaint was totally resolved were 17% and 26% when the dropouts were excluded, and that complaint was partially resolved were 76% and 65% when the dropouts were excluded. According to the judges, the successful at termination was the 86%, and the successful at follow-up was 67% according to the Follow-Up Questionnaire. No variables were statistically associated to the successful at termination or the follow-up.ConclusionsSFBT reaches the “minimum efficacy permitted” according to the general consensus of experts. Clinical of process variables was not associated to success.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Effectiveness and factors predicting success of therapeutic patient education in obese patients candidates for bariatric surgery
Authors: Piacentino D. , Prosperi E. , Guidi G. , Asprino R. , Pinto A. , Gnessi L. , Lenzi A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionObesity is an increasingly common chronic disease. Its biopsychosocial basis provides the rationale of multidisciplinary interventions, such as Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE, WHO 1998), which is effective for lifestyle change and awareness improvement, thus reducing the disease's prevalence and its health care-related financial burden. However, patients’ socio-demographic and psychopathological factors may influence TPE's effectiveness.Objectives/AimsWe aimed to assess the effectiveness of an 8-week TPE program in obese patients candidates for bariatric surgery and identify factors predicting its success.MethodsWe enrolled 159 patients with a BMI > 35 Kg/m2 and obesity-related comorbidities (females = 71.3%; age range = 18-35 years) at the C.A.S.C.O. (EASO COMs) of our University Hospital. They filled out the Binge Eating Scale (BES), the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), and the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). We used Tukey's multiple comparison test to assess Quality of Life (QoL) improvement after TPE and multivariate logistic regression to estimate the size of the association between TPE and the aforementioned factors.ResultsThe SF-36 showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05) of physical and mental QoL post-TPE, especially in obese patients without binge eating disorder. The same applied to BES and SCL-90-R scores. The factors predicting TPE success were a short duration of obesity, a limited number of past diets, and low levels of anxiety/depression pre-TPE.ConclusionsIn obese patients candidates for bariatric surgery, TPE is useful to improve physical and mental QoL, eating behavior, and psychological status. Several factors are predictive of TPE success, allowing a personalization of the intervention to render it more effective.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.