bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space and Time Correlations in Quantum Histories
Authors: Castellani Leonardo , Gabetti Anna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe formalism of generalized quantum histories allows a symmetrical treatment of space and time correlations, by taking different traces of the same history density matrix. In this framework, the characterization of spatial and temporal entanglement is revisited. An operative protocol is presented, to map a history state into the ket of a static composite system. It is demonstrated, by examples, how the Leggett–Garg and the temporal Clauser‐Horne‐Shimony‐Holt (CHSH) inequalities can be violated in this approach.
Integrating the in vitro antioxidant activity of polyacrylonitrile/polyindole composites
Authors: Alayunt Naci Ömer , Soykan Cengiz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, five compounds belonging to the Polymer composites (PCs) family, have been prepared with different amounts of polyacrylonitrile and polyindole in the composite. The PCs have inherently bactericidal activity, owing to the nitrile and indole groups. Antioxidant activity was assessed by using reducing power activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In our study, butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), ascorbic acid and α‐tocopherol, which are considered synthetic standard antioxidants, were used to compare antioxidant activity. In addition, since it is known that the MDA levels resulting from the oxidation of fats in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells are inversely proportional to the antioxidant properties, it gave an idea about the in vitro antioxidant properties of the new synthesized PCs. Reducing force capacity, superoxide radical scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity were found to be higher at 100 μg mL−1 concentration compared to 50 μg mL−1 concentration.
Skink systematics inside out: Comparative cranial osteology of the New World Mabuyinae
Authors: Ferreira‐Junior Julio C. , Vrcibradic Davor , Passos Paulo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Mabuyinae subfamily exhibits remarkable diversity, encompassing 26 genera and 236 currently recognized species. Traditionally, the entire range of the group was attributed to the single genus Mabuya, which had a wide distribution along tropical regions of the Planet. In recent studies, phylogenetic hypotheses based on molecular data have identified four major groups, which have been further divided into geographically distinct clades. At least two phylogenetically distinct lineages of Mabuyinae are distributed in the Neotropical Region: Trachylepis atlantica and the remaining 16 genera within the Mabuyinae clade from the mainland and the Caribbean islands. Our understanding of Mabuyinae osteology is still quite limited, particularly concerning interspecific variation. This lack of information hinders our ability to make strong contributions to the phylogenetic relationships within this group or even to confirm the existence of certain new taxa considering their relatively conserved external morphology. This work provides a comprehensive anatomical reference for the adult skull of Neotropical Mabuyinae lizards, highlighting osteological features that might be useful for delimiting each genus. This descriptive guide includes illustrations and employs multiple techniques, such as dry preparation, clearing and staining, and high‐resolution computerized microtomography. Our results provide additional diagnostic characteristics that include specific cranial bone arrangements, dental patterns, and cranial adaptations, such as dorsoventral head flattening, and their functional implications for bite force and cranial biomechanics. This study reinforces the importance of cranial morphology in understanding the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary trajectories of New World Mabuyinae lizards, advocating for broader morphological sampling to enrich our understanding of these diverse reptiles.
Speed‐sensorless control for SPMSM via novel exponential super‐twisting ADRC
Authors: Hu Mingyuan , Ahn Hyeongki , Park Jihoon , You Kwanho 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough the conventional super‐twisting reaching law (CSTRL) maintains the desired tracking performance for disturbed systems, its implementation is challenging due to its dependence on accurate system dynamics. To mitigate this dependence and reduce chattering of CSTRL, a novel exponential super‐twisting reaching law (NESTRL) is proposed, leveraging the dynamic adaptability of the exponential reaching law and eliminating chattering. By using NESTRL, the proposed controller can achieve a fast response without chattering. Additionally, a comprehensive procedure for finite convergence time analysis is provided. The convergence conditions of the system's state variables are determined using a Lyapunov function, and the stability of system is proven using an algebraic Lyapunov function. Finally, simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is valid and effective, showing improvements compared to the traditional super‐twisting active disturbance rejection control and linear active disturbance rejection control in sensorless control.
Relationship between sensory processing skills and motor skills in 12‐month‐old infants
Authors: Yildiz Ramazan , Yildiz Ayse , Zorlular Rabia , Elbasan Bulent 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionIdentifying sensory processing problems of 12‐month‐old preterm and term children and defining their relationship with motor skills are essential for appropriate interventions and optimal sensory‐motor development. This study aimed to determine sensory processing difficulties in 12‐month‐old babies and examine their relationship with motor skills.Methods:This cross‐sectional study included 61 infants (28 preterm and 33 full‐term, ages 12 months). The infants' sensory processing skills were evaluated using the Test of Sensory Functions in Infants (TSFI), and their gross and fine motor skills were assessed with the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales‐2 (PDMS‐2).Results:Sensory processing difficulties were more common in preterm babies. Multiple linear regression models indicated a significant positive association between PDMS‐2 gross/fine motor scores and TFSI total scores, reactivity to tactile deep pressure, and ocular‐motor control in the total sample. Furthermore, there was a relationship between gross motor and adaptive motor function, and fine motor scores were found to be associated with visual‐tactile integration sensory scores.ConclusionsPreterm babies are more likely than their full‐term peers to have sensory processing problems around the age of one, which can affect their motor skills. The results support the relationship between children's sensory and motor processing skills. Practitioners such as occupational and physical therapists should be alert to this relationship in infants with sensory processing and motor problems. Taking this relationship into consideration when planning intervention programs can be a guide for an effective intervention.
Uncovering the Potential of O‐Prenylated 3‐Aryl‐benzopyran Derivatives as Osteogenic and Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitory Agents
Authors: Gupta Mini , Gupta Kratika , Imran Ahmad Mohd. , Khanka Sonu , Sarfraz Aqib , Dixit Shivani , Konwar Rituraj , Khan Feroz , Singh Divya , Gupta Atul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNaturally, O‐prenylation of 3‐aryl‐benzopyrans enhances the biological activities of these compounds. In this study, substituted O‐prenylated 3‐aryl‐benzopyrans (21a‐c, 22a‐c, 23a‐c, 24a‐c 25a‐c, 27 and 28) were synthesized and evaluated for osteogenic and cancer cell growth inhibitory potentials using cell‐based in‐vitro models. Amongst the target compounds, 21a, 22b, 23c, and 24c showed good osteogenic activity at 1 pM concentration, whereas 26 and 27 showed osteogenic activity at 100 pM and 10 nM, respectively. Compounds 21a, 22b, and 23c showed good cancer cell growth inhibitory activity against breast cancer cells (MCF‐7 and MBA‐231). Amongst active compounds, 27 presented the best anticancer activity against MDAMB‐231 cells with selectivity towards non‐cancerous cells [IC50 3.76 μM with SI 13.3]. The in‐silico study of compounds showed their structural complementarities with the LBD of estrogen receptors and compliance with dragability parameters.
Terpestacin and Its Derivatives: Bioactivities and Syntheses
Authors: Sun Xin , Li Yuyue , Xu Huayan , Huang Shuai , Liu Yonghong , Liao Shengrong , Wang Bin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTerpestacin (1), fusaproliferin (2), and their derivatives are a class of sesterterpenes featured by a trans‐fused 5/15‐membered ring skeleton. There are 45 natural products (1, 2, 4–27, 65–83) isolated from various wild fungi (Fusarium sp., Bipolaris sorokiniana, Arthrinium sp., etc.) or from genetic mutants via biosynthetic gene clusters mining, and 37 derivatives (28–64) produced by semi‐synthetic modifications. These compounds show a diverse range of important bioactivities such as antivirus, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, anti‐flammatory, and brine shrimp lethal activities. To date, two racemic and five enantioselective chemical total syntheses of 1 (including 2 and their isomers) have been developed. Over the past decade, a number of biosynthetic gene clusters or their mutants, along with their encoding enzymes responsible for producing sesterterpenes such as terpestacin and its derivatives, have also been identified. This review covers the literature from the year 1993, when 1 was firstly discovered, to May 2024, focusing on the bioactivities and syntheses of 1 and its derivatives or isomers.
Harnessing the Phytochemistry Through Pesticidal Potential of Diverse Elsholtzia Species: A Path to Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Kabdal Tanuja , Prakash Om , Kumar Ravendra , Arya Stuti , Singh Rawat Dharmendra , Kumar Satya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the phytochemical profiles and pesticidal activities of various Elsholtzia species, including E. ciliata, E. flava, E. fruticosa, and E. eriostachya, to discover their bioactive potential for sustainable pest management. Through comparative phytochemical analysis using GC‐MS technique, key compounds in the essential oils were identified. The major components were thymoquinone (44.97 %) in E. ciliata, shisofuran (28.66 %) in E. flava, perillene (50.88 %) in E. fruticosa, and pinocarvone (42.41 %) in E. eriostachya. Despite variability in chemical composition, all species primarily contained oxygenated monoterpenes. The bioactivity of the oils was evaluated for their nematicidal and herbicidal bioassays. E. ciliata showed the highest egg hatching inhibition and juvenile mortality of M. incognita, while E. flava exhibited the lowest activity. For herbicidal activity, E. eriostachya achieved 96.70 % seed germination inhibition, 100 % root growth inhibition, and 95.56 % shoot growth inhibition. E. flava showed the lowest inhibition in germination, root length, and shoot length at 66.70 %, 81.56 %, and 85.28 %, respectively. The findings revealed significant variations in phytochemical composition and pesticidal efficacy, emphasizing the importance of species selection for pest management. This research highlights the bioactive potential of Elsholtzia species in sustainable pest management strategies.
Catalytic Cycloaddition Reactions of Ynol and Thioynol Ethers
Authors: Teng Ming‐Yu , Xu Yin , Zhu Xin‐Qi , Zhou Bo , Ye Long‐Wu 
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive SummaryElectron‐rich alkynes, such as ynol and thioynol ethers, have proven to be versatile and appealing partners in catalytic cycloaddition reactions, and thus have raised considerable attentions owing to the practical application in the modular assembly of valuable carbo‐ and heterocycles. The past decades have witnessed inspiring advances in this emerging field, and an increasing number of related discoveries have been exploited. Divided into two main sections on the basis of substrate type, in each section this comprehensive review will initially summarize their synthetic preparations and subsequently examine their reactivity in every sort of catalytic cycloaddition with emphasis on the methodology development, aimed at providing an access to this burgeoning area and encouraging further innovations in the near future.
Key ScientistsFor the cycloaddition of ynol ethers, in 2004, Kozmin et al. firstly developed a silver‐catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition of siloxy alkynes with electron‐poor olefins. In 2012, Hiyama et al. realized a palladium‐catalyzed formal [4 + 2] annulation of alkynyl aryl ethers with internal alkynes. In the same year, Sun et al. discovered an efficient [6 + 2] cyclization between siloxy alkynes and 2‐(oxetan‐3‐yl)benzaldehydes by applying HNTf2 as catalyst. In 2017, Wender et al. first utilized vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) as coupling partners in the [5 + 2] annulation of ynol ethers. In 2018 and 2020, Ye et al. reported zinc‐catalyzed formal [3 + 2] and [4 + 3] cycloaddition, respectively. For the cycloaddition of thioynol ethers, in 2004, Hilt et al. realized a [4 + 2] cycloaddition by employing the alkynyl sulfides and acyclic 1,3‐dienes. In 2006, a ruthenium‐catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition of thioynol ethers with bicyclic alkenes was accomplished by Tam. In 2014, Sun et al. reported an elegant iridium‐catalyzed click reaction of thioalkynes with azides.
Differences between phytophagous and predatory species in Pentatomidae based on the mitochondrial genome
Authors: Ding Xiaofei , Ge Siyuan , Chen Jing , Qi Long , Wei Jiufeng , Zhang Hufang , Hao Chi , Zhao Qing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPentatomidae includes many species of significant economic value as plant pests and biological control agents. The feeding habits of Pentatomidae are closely related to their energy metabolism and ecological adaptations. In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of 12 Asopinae species using the next‐generation sequencing to explore the effect of dietary changes on mitochondrial genome evolution. Notably, all sequences were double‐stranded circular DNA molecules containing 37 genes and one control region. We then compared and analyzed the mitochondrial genome characteristics of phytophagous and predatory bugs. Notably, no significant difference was observed in the length of the mitochondrial genomes between the predatory and phytophagous bugs. However, the AT content was higher in the mitochondrial genomes of phytophagous bugs than that of predatory bugs. Moreover, phytophagous bugs prefer codon usage patterns ending in A/T compared with predatory bugs. The evolution rate of predatory bugs was lower than that of phytophagous bugs. The phylogenetic relationships across phytophagous bugs' lineages were largely consistent at depth nodes based on different datasets and tree‐reconstructing methods, and strongly supported the monophyly of predatory bugs. Additionally, the estimated divergence times indicated that Pentatomidae explosively radiated in the Early Cretaceous. Subsequently, the subfamily Asopinae and the genus Menida diverged in the Late Cretaceous. Our research results provide data supporting for the evolutionary patterns and classification of Pentatomidae.
A non‐invasive measure of bone growth in mammals: Validating urinary CTX‐I as a bone resorption marker through long‐bone growth velocity in bonobos
Authors: Behringer Verena , Sonnweber Ruth , Hohmann Gottfried , Stevens Jeroen M. G. , Verspeek Jonas , Kivell Tracy L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAssessing bone growth trajectories in mammals is crucial for understanding life history dynamics, but the quantification of bone growth in natural settings can be challenging. Bone resorption markers that can be measured in urine, such as C‐telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX‐I), offer a non‐invasive solution to assess bone growth. Although measurement of urinary CTX‐I levels has been applied extensively in human studies, its use in other species is so far limited to a few clinical studies. To validate urinary CTX‐I as a bone resorption marker under less controlled conditions, we investigated within‐individual day‐to‐day variation, diurnal patterns, and sex and age‐specific variation in zoo‐housed bonobos (Pan paniscus). We then also correlated urinary CTX‐I levels with forearm growth velocity measures. We found a day‐to‐day variability in urinary CTX‐I levels of around 25%, comparable to human variation. Diurnally, CTX‐I levels decreased, aligning with observations in humans and other species. Both sexes showed an age‐related decline in urinary CTX‐I levels, with a steady decrease after the age of 10 years. Additionally, we found a positive correlation between forearm growth velocity and urinary CTX‐I levels across age in female, but not in male, bonobos. Our results demonstrate that urinary CTX‐I levels are a meaningful measure of bone growth and highlight its potential to examine bone growth trajectories also in wild populations to investigate life history dynamics.
Socio‐economic inequalities and heart failure morbidity and mortality: A systematic review and data synthesis
Authors: Shakoor Abdul , van Maarschalkerwaart Willemijn A. , Schaap Jeroen , de Boer Rudolf A. , van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Boersma Eric H. , van Heerebeek Loek , Brugts Jasper J. , van der Boon Robert M.A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSocio‐economic status (SES) has been associated with incident and prevalent heart failure (HF), as well as its morbidity and mortality. However, the precise nature of the relationship between SES and HF remains unclear due to inconsistent data. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment and data synthesis of the relationship between SES and HF morbidity and mortality. We performed a systematic search and data synthesis using six databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Guidelines. The included studies comprised observational studies that reported on HF incidence and prevalence, HF hospitalizations, worsening HF (WHF) and all‐cause mortality, as well as treatment options (medical, device and advanced HF therapies). SES was measured on both individual and area levels, encompassing single (e.g., income, education, employment, social risk score, living conditions and housing characteristics) and composite indicators. Among the 4124 studies screened, 79 were included, with an additional 5 identified through cross‐referencing. In the majority of studies, a low SES was associated with an increased HF incidence (72%) and prevalence (75%). For mortality, we demonstrated that low SES was associated with increased mortality in 45% of the studies, with 18% of the studies showing mixed results (depending on the indicator, gender or follow‐up) and 38% showing non‐significant results. Similar patterns were observed for the association between SES, WHF, medical therapy prescriptions and the utilization of devices and advanced HF therapies. There was no clear pattern in the used SES indicators and HF outcomes. This systematic review, using contemporary data, shows that while socio‐economic disparity may influence HF incidence, management and subsequent adverse events, these associations are not uniformly predictive. Our review highlights that the impact of SES varies depending on the specific indicators used, reflecting the complexity of its influence on health disparities. Assessment and recognition of SES as an important risk factor can assist clinicians in early detection and customizing HF treatment, while also aiding policymakers in optimizing resource allocation.
Translating the 2021 ESC heart failure guideline recommendations in daily practice: Results from a heart failure survey. A scientific statement of the ESC Council for Cardiology Practice and the Heart Failure Association of the ESC
Authors: Christodorescu Ruxandra , Geavlete Oliviana , Ferrini Marc , Kümler Thomas , Toutoutzas Konstantinos , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Seferovic Petar , Metra Marco , Chioncel Ovidiu , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Savarese Gianluigi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsReal‐world data show that guidelines are insufficiently implemented, and particularly guideline‐directed medical therapies (GDMT) are underused in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in clinical practice. The Council for Cardiology Practice and the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) developed a survey aiming to (i) evaluate the perspectives of the cardiology community on the 2021 ESC heart failure (HF) guidelines, (ii) pinpoint disparities in disease management, and (iii) propose strategies to enhance adherence to HF guidelines.Methods and resultsA 22‐question survey regarding the diagnosis and treatment of HFrEF was delivered between March and June 2022. Of 457 physicians, 54% were general cardiologists, 19.4% were HF specialists, 18.9% other cardiac specialists, and 7.7% non‐cardiac specialists. For diagnosis, 52.1% employed echocardiography and natriuretic peptides (NPs), 33.2% primarily used echocardiography, and 14.7% predominantly relied on NPs. The first drug class initiated in HFrEF was angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ACEi/ARNi) (91.2%), beta‐blockers (BB) (73.8%), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) (53.4%), and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (48.1%). The combination ACEi/ARNi + MRA+ BB was preferred by 39.3% of physicians, ACEi/ARNi + SGLT2 inhibitors + BB by 33.3%, and ACEi/ARNi + BB by 22.2%. The time required to initiate and optimize GDMT was estimated to be <1 month by 8.3%, 1–3 months by 52%, 3–6 months by 31.8%, and >6 months by 7.9%. Compared to general cardiologists, HF specialists/academic cardiologists reported lower estimated time‐to‐initiation, and more commonly preferred a parallel initiation of GDMT rather than a sequential approach.ConclusionParticipants generally followed diagnostic and treatment guidelines, but variations in HFrEF management across care settings or HF specialties were noted. The survey may raise awareness and promote standardized HF care.
A Computational Study on Utilizing Phase Change Material With a Condenser to Improve air Conditioning System Performance
Authors: Sao Arun Kumar , Arora Arun , Sahu Mukesh Kumar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of employing multiple cylindrical phase change materials (PCM) to enhance the performance of an air conditioning (AC) unit is examined in this study. The objective of the present study is to examine the effects of combining an AC unit with a cylindrical PCM container configuration on the PCM discharge process and the performance of the AC system. The procedure involves the connection of a heat exchanger with a cold energy storage PCM to the condenser of the AC. During the daytime, the warm surrounding air is cooled and then transmitted to the AC unit's condenser. Four different turbulence models, that is, the SST , standard , Realizable and RNG have been considered for the present computational study. The investigation has been performed for different air flow rates, that is, 33.6, 42, and 49  for a constant inlet air temperature of 308.15 K. The present outcomes indicate that as the flow rate rises, the air temperature inside the domain increases and the solid PCM starts melting. It is noted that complete discharging time for multi‐cylindrical PCM reduces as the air flow rate rises which are around 13.36, 11.03, and 9.94 h for airflow rates of 33.6, 42, and 49 , respectively. The maximum achieved increase in the COP is around 94.49%, 88.68%, and 87.57% at airflow rates of 33.6, 42, and 49 L/s, respectively, for the multi‐cylindrical PCM throughout the summer. It is found that for the same temperature, as the airflow rate rises, the consumed power saving rises.