bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the Fetomaternal Peripheral Immune System at Term Pregnancy
Authors: Fragiadakis Gabriela K. , Baca Quentin J. , Gherardini Pier Federico , Ganio Edward A. , Gaudilliere Dyani K. , Tingle Martha , Lancero Hope L. , McNeil Leslie S. , Spitzer Matthew H. , Wong Ronald J. , Shaw Gary M. , Darmstadt Gary L. , Sylvester Karl G. , Winn Virginia D. , Carvalho Brendan , Lewis David B. , Stevenson David K. , Nolan Garry P. , Aghaeepour Nima , Angst Martin S. , Gaudilliere Brice L. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Preterm labor and infections are the leading causes of neonatal deaths worldwide. During pregnancy, immunological cross talk between the mother and her fetus is critical for the maintenance of pregnancy and the delivery of an immunocompetent neonate. A precise understanding of healthy fetomaternal immunity is the important first step to identifying dysregulated immune mechanisms driving adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes. This study combined single-cell mass cytometry of paired peripheral and umbilical cord blood samples from mothers and their neonates with a graphical approach developed for the visualization of high-dimensional data to provide a high-resolution reference map of the cellular composition and functional organization of the healthy fetal and maternal immune systems at birth. The approach enabled mapping of known phenotypical and functional characteristics of fetal immunity (including the functional hyperresponsiveness of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the global blunting of innate immune responses). It also allowed discovery of new properties that distinguish the fetal and maternal immune systems. For example, examination of paired samples revealed differences in endogenous signaling tone that are unique to a mother and her offspring, including increased ERK1/2, MAPK-activated protein kinase 2, rpS6, and CREB phosphorylation in fetal Tbet+CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and CD56loCD16+ NK cells and decreased ERK1/2, MAPK-activated protein kinase 2, and STAT1 phosphorylation in fetal intermediate and nonclassical monocytes. This highly interactive functional map of healthy fetomaternal immunity builds the core reference for a growing data repository that will allow inferring deviations from normal associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Shoulder-Rotator Strength, Range of Motion, and Acromiohumeral Distance in Asymptomatic Adolescent Volleyball Attackers
Authors: Harput Gulcan , Guney Hande , Toprak Ugur , Kaya Tunca , Colakoglu Fatma Filiz , Baltaci Gul 
Published: November 2016

Context:Sport-specific adaptations at the glenohumeral joint could occur in adolescent athletes because they start participating in high-performance sports in early childhood.Objective:To investigate shoulder-rotator strength, internal-rotation (IR) and external-rotation (ER) range of motion (ROM), and acromiohumeral distance (AHD) in asymptomatic adolescent volleyball attackers to determine if they have risk factors for injury.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:Thirty-nine adolescent high school-aged volleyball attackers (22 boys, 17 girls; age = 16.0 ± 1.4 years, height = 179.2 ± 9.0 cm, mass = 67.1 ± 10.9 kg, body mass index = 20.7 ± 2.6 kg/m2).Main Outcome Measure(s):Shoulder IR and ER ROM, total-rotation ROM, glenohumeral IR deficit, AHD, and concentric and eccentric strength of the shoulder internal and external rotators were tested bilaterally.Results:External-rotation ROM was greater (t38 = 4.92, P &lt; .001), but IR ROM (t38 = −8.61, P &lt; .001) and total ROM (t38 = −3.55, P = .01) were less in the dominant shoulder, and 15 athletes had a glenohumeral IR deficit (IR ROM loss &gt; 18°). We observed greater concentric internal-rotator (t38 = 2.89, P = .006) and eccentric external-rotator (t38 = 2.65, P = .01) strength in the dominant than in the nondominant shoulder. The AHD was less in the dominant shoulder (t38 = −3.60, P &lt; .001).Conclusions:Adolescent volleyball attackers demonstrated decreased IR ROM, total ROM, and AHD and increased ER ROM in their dominant shoulder. Therefore, routine screening of adolescent athletes and designing training programs for hazardous adaptive changes could be important in preventing shoulder injuries.
Effects of ‘Active Participation and Organization’ in a Nature Conservation Project: Study of a Teaching Technique
Authors: Baur Armin , Haase Hans-Martin 
Published: October 2016

<p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">This article presents the technique of active participation </span><span lang="EN-GB">and organization in environmental protection activities</span><span lang="EN-GB">, and compares it with two other similar teaching techniques. The body of the presentation recounts the investigation into the impact of the teaching technique within the behavioral area of nature conservation, specifically protection of spotted salamander. The investigation tests the hypothesis, as to whether the technique of active participation </span><span lang="EN-GB">and organization in environmental protection activities</span><span lang="EN-GB"> to conserve nature results in a positive change in pupils’ environmental behavior. The design of the examination comprised one test group and two control groups; one of the control groups receives only tuition, the second none. Data were gathered concerning the environmental perception, the self-reported willingness to act as well as the observable behavior. Positive results could be found. A positively altered willingness of the test group to act was established and their observable behavior differed after the teaching. </span></p>
Primary orbital melanoma in association with cellular blue nevus
Authors: El-Sawy Tarek , Bakhoum Mathieu F. , Tetzlaff Michael , Nasser Qasiem J. , Prieto Victor G. , Ivan Doina , Sniegowski Matthew C. , Yin Vivian T. , Pan Caroline , Durairaj Vikram , Esmaeli Bita 
Published: November 2016

PurposeTo describe 3 cases of primary orbital melanoma associated with either known or subsequently discovered cellular blue nevus.
MethodsThe clinical records and surgical specimens of 3 patients who underwent orbital exenteration for primary orbital melanoma and who had a cellular blue nevus diagnosed before or after detection of the melanoma were retrospectively reviewed.
ResultsAll 3 patients presented with signs and symptoms of an orbital mass. Subsequent biopsy revealed invasive melanoma. One patient had a known history of congenital cellular blue nevus of the eyelid from which the orbital melanoma originated. The other 2 patients had no known history of cutaneous pigmentation or blue nevus. In these 2 patients, the cellular blue nevus was detected on pathologic review of the orbital exenteration specimen (1 patient) or surgical biopsy specimen (1 patient). All 3 patients underwent total body positron emission tomography/computed tomography, and in all 3 results were negative for other sites of disease involvement. In the 2 patients without a previously known nevus a total body skin check was negative for other primary melanoma lesions. All 3 patients underwent orbital exenteration followed by postoperative radiation therapy.
ConclusionsThorough evaluation of biopsy specimens of “primary” orbital melanoma is warranted to ensure identification of any associated blue nevus because blue nevi are precursor lesions for orbital melanoma, and the presence of a blue nevus would support a primary orbital melanoma rather than a metastatic lesion. Patients with a known blue nevus of the periocular skin and ocular adnexa should be monitored closely for signs of malignant transformation.
Carta de San José
Authors: Llorca Castro Fernando , Sáenz Madrigal María del Rocío , Kidd Michael , Anderson María Inez Padula , Meoño Martin Thomas 
Published: October 2016

Durante los días 12 y 13 de abril del 2016 en la ciudad de San José, Costa Rica, se realizó la VI CumbreIberoamericana de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria bajo el lema: “Universalidad, Equidad y Calidad en los Sistemas de Salud: Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria como Eje”
Health Services Research
Authors: Dinan Michaela A. , Hirsch Bradford R. , Abernethy Amy 
Published: October 2016

Overview
Health services research (HSR) describes a diverse group of research strategies and fields that seek to evaluate the impact of health care on patients and populations and has been a critical component of understanding the use, outcomes, and costs associated with oncology care since its inception over 100 years ago. In modern times, physicians and researchers often tout “bench to bedside” innovations as the goal of biomedical research. However, patients, physicians, and health care systems in the real world are subjected to a host of factors that impact patient care before, during, and after an intervention occurs at the bedside. Although HSR is a complex and evolving concept, a basic understanding of the key principles of HSR is needed to accurately assess, quantify, and optimize the real‐world impact of progress in oncology today and in the future.
Preliminary fMRI findings concerning the influence of 5‐HTP on food selection
Authors: Ioannou Stephanos , Williams Adrian L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis functional magnetic resonance imaging study was designed to observe how physiological brain states can alter food preferences. A primary goal was to observe food‐sensitive regions and moreover examine whether 5‐HTP intake would activate areas which have been associated with appetite suppression, anorexia, satiety, and weight loss.Methods and ProcedureFourteen healthy male and female participants took part in the study, of which half of them received the supplement 5‐HTP and the rest vitamin C (control) on an empty stomach. During the scanning session, they passively observed food (high calories, proteins, carbohydrates) and nonfood movie stimuli.ResultsWithin the 5‐HTP group, a comparison of food and nonfood stimuli showed significant responses that included the limbic system, the basal ganglia, and the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. For the vitamin C group, activity was mainly located in temporal and occipital regions. Compared to the vitamin C group, the 5‐HTP group in response to food showed increased activation on the VMPFC, the DLPFC, limbic, and temporal regions. For the 5‐HTP group, activity in response to food high in protein content compared to food high in calories and carbohydrates was located in the limbic system and the right caudomedial OFC, whereas for the vitamin C group, activity was mainly located at the inferior parietal lobes, the anterior cingulate gyri, and the left ventrolateral OFC. Greater responses to carbohydrates and high calorie stimuli in the vitamin C group were located at the right temporal gyrus, the occipital gyrus, the right VLPFC, whereas for the 5‐HTP group, activity was observed at the left VMPFC, the parahippocampal gyrus bilaterally, the occipital lobe, and middle temporal gyri.DiscussionIn line with the hypotheses, 5‐HTP triggered cortical responses associated with healthy body weight as well as cerebral preferences for protein‐rich stimuli. The brain's activity is altered by macronutrients rich or deprived in the body. By reading the organisms physiological states and combining them with memory experiences, it constructs behavioral strategies steering an individual toward or in opposition to a particular food.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Substitution of Propargylic Carbonates
Authors: Locascio Theresa M. , Tunge Jon A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe palladium(0)‐catalyzed, ligand‐controlled, regioselective addition of diaryl acetonitrile pronucleophiles to propargylic carbonates is reported. Selective formation of either terminal 1,3‐dienyl or propargylated products is proposed to arise from a change in reaction mechanism controlled by the denticity of the coordinating ligand.
Investigation of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Supported Group 12 Triflates as Pre‐catalysts for Hydrosilylation/Borylation
Authors: Roy Matthew M. D. , Ferguson Michael J. , McDonald Robert , Rivard Eric 
Published: October 2016

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of Cd and Hg triflates (OTf) were prepared and their attempted conversion into rare cadmium and mercury hydrides was explored. In contrast to zinc, which forms stable [ZnH]+ complexes with NHCs, the heavier Cd and Hg congeners could not be formed; the increased instability of Cd‐H and Hg‐H units was rationalized with the aid of computations. It was also discovered that the dimeric adduct [IPr⋅Cd(μ‐OTf)2]2 (IPr=[(HCNDipp)2C:]; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) is an active precatalyst for the hydrosilylation and hydroborylation of hindered aldehydes and ketones. The related zinc congener was inactive as a catalyst highlighting a distinct advantage of using heavy Group 12 metals to promote catalytic hydrosilylation/borylation.
Light‐Harvesting Phthalocyanine–Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Photochemical Studies
Authors: Molina Desiré , El‐Khouly Mohamed E. , El‐Kemary Maged , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Fernández‐Lázaro Fernando , Sastre‐Santos Ángela 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA new family of light‐harvesting zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)–diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) hybrids have been synthesized and characterized. The absorption spectral measurements showed that the major absorptions of DPP (450–600 nm) are complementary to those of zinc phthalocyanine (300–400 and 600–700 nm). Therefore, the designed hybrids absorb over a broad range in the visible region. The geometric and electronic structures of the dyads were probed by initio B3LYP/6‐311G methods. The majority of the HOMOs were found to be located on the ZnPc, while the majority of the LUMOs were on the DPP units. The DPP units serve as the antenna, which upon excitation undergo efficient singlet–singlet energy transfer to the attached ZnPc units. The formed singlet ZnPc, in turn, donates its electron to the electron‐deficient DPP forming the low‐lying radical ion pairs ZnPc.+–DPP.− (energy=1.44–1.56 eV as calculated from the electrochemical measurements). The excited‐state events were confirmed by using a transient absorption technique in the picosecond–microsecond time range, as well as a time‐resolved emission technique. The rates of energy transfer from the singlet DPP to ZnPc were found to be extremely fast >1010 s−1, while the rates of electron transfer from the singlet excited state of ZnPc to DPP were found to be 3.7–6.6×109 s−1.
Synthesis of Cobalt Sulfide/Sulfur Doped Carbon Nanocomposites with Efficient Catalytic Activity in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Qian Huayu , Tang Jing , Wang Zhongli , Kim Jeonghun , Kim Jung Ho , Alshehri Saad M. , Yanmaz Ekrem , Wang Xin , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCobalt sulfide/sulfur doped carbon composites (Co9S8/S‐C) were synthesized by calcining a rationally designed sulfur‐containing cobalt coordination complex in an inert atmosphere. From the detailed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, the electrocatalytically active Co9S8 nanoparticles were clearly obtained and combined with the thin sulfur doped carbon layers. Electrochemical data showed that Co9S8/S‐C had a good activity and long‐term stability in catalyzing oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte, even better than the traditional RuO2 electrocatalyst. The excellent electrocatalytic activity of Co9S8/S‐C was mainly attributed to the synergistic effect between the Co9S8 catalyst which contributed to the oxygen evolution reaction and the sulfur doped carbon layer which facilitated the adsorption of reactants, prevented the Co9S8 particles from aggregating and served as the electrically conductive binder between each component.
Enhanced Sensitivity and Piezochromic Contrast through Single‐Direction Extension of Molecular Structure
Authors: Gao Zhao , Wang Kai , Liu Fangming , Feng Cunfang , He Xin , Li Jinyu , Yang Bing , Zou Bo , Lu Ping 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTwo piezochromic materials containing phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole and tetraphenylethylene (M1 and M2) were developed. A supra‐amplification piezochromic effect originating from their various long‐to‐short axis ratios was discovered in high‐pressure experiments. Based on the linear relationship between applied pressure and emission‐peak wavelength during pressurizing and depressurizing cycles, quantitative sensitivity for piezochromism could be denoted. M2 displayed higher piezochromic contrast (102 nm) and better sensitivity (11.19 nm GPa−1) than M1 (69 nm and 6.12 nm GPa−1), which helps to develop a more comprehensive general strategy to evaluate pressure‐responsive performance.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C−H Arylation of Benzoic Acids and Indole Carboxylic Acids with Aryl Halides
Authors: Simonetti Marco , Cannas Diego M. , Panigrahi Adyasha , Kujawa Szymon , Kryjewski Michal , Xie Pan , Larrosa Igor 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHerein we report the first Ru‐catalyzed C−H arylation of benzoic acids with readily available aryl (pseudo)halides. The reaction, which does not require the use of silver salt additives, allows the arylation of previously challenging hindered benzoic acids and the use of generally unreactive ortho‐substituted halorarenes. Furthermore, our new protocol can efficiently be applied to indole carboxylic acids, thus allowing access to C7‐, C6‐, C5‐ and C4‐arylated indole compounds, a departure from the classical enhanced reactivity of the C2 and C3 positions of indole.
Micellen als chemische Nano‐Laboratorien
Authors: Langhals Heinz 
Published: October 2016

ZusammenfassungDas Konzept, chemische Lehr‐Versuche zu einem aktuellen Forschungsgebiet ohne Einsatz jeglicher Gefahrstoffe zu entwickeln, hat zu beladenen nanomicellaren Strukturen in Wasser mit potentieller Verwendung in der Kosmetik geführt, etwa für Sonnenschutz und der Behandlung von Sonnenbrand. Solche micellaren Systeme in Wasser können „Nano‐Laboratorien“ bilden, z.B. um lipophile funktionale Substanzen auch in Wasser einsetzen zu können. Dies wurde am Beispiel von Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen und pH‐Indikatoren demonstriert. Schließlich wurden supramolekulare Funktionaleinheiten in solchen Strukturen stabilisiert und zur Funktion gebracht. Solche Micellen lassen sich vielfältig für Versuche in der chemischen Grundausbildung bis zur Ausbildung von fortgeschrittenen Studenten verwenden.
„Power to Gas“ – ein Baustein zur schulpraktischen Umsetzung der Energiewende
Authors: Rubner Isabel , Grofe Theodor , Oetken Marco 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDie Energiewende ist nicht nur deutschlandweit ein großes Thema. Die Energieversorgung und Energiespeicherung stellen eine der zentralen Herausforderungen besonders für die nachfolgenden Generationen dar. Daher ist es immens wichtig, diese Inhalte in Schule und Hochschule zu implementieren. Im nachfolgenden Beitrag wird das Power to Gas‐Konzept als eine Möglichkeit der Energiespeicherung regenerativ erzeugter Energien vorgestellt. Dabei werden zwei Varianten dargestellt, diese hochrelevante Reaktion experimentell in der Schule umzusetzen. Zudem werden verschiedene Möglichkeiten angeführt, die Reaktionsprodukte zu identifizieren bzw. diese zu unterscheiden.
Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Bindungen knüpfen lernen – ein Modellexperiment zum konzeptbasierten Problemlösen
Authors: Trabert Andreas , Eckert Florian , Schween Michael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDer Aufbau komplexer funktionaler Verbindungen mit Kohlenstoffgerüsten ist das große Syntheseziel in der Organischen Chemie. Von Studierenden werden solche Kohlenstoffgerüste oftmals als „gegeben“ hingenommen und nicht hinterfragt – dabei ist ein umfassendes Wissen zum selektiven Knüpfen von C‐C‐Bindungen eine Kernkompetenz. Die Erzeugung von Enolaten und deren Nutzung als C‐Nucleophile ist einer der klassischen Synthesewege zur C‐C‐Verknüpfung. Mit einem neuen zweistufigen Modellversuch erschließen wir diesen Weg für die Ausbildung von Studierenden des gymnasialen Lehramts (L3) auch experimentell. Die Bildung von Enolat‐Ionen aus einer C‐H‐aciden Verbindung und ihr Verbrauch in einer SN2‐Reaktion mit einem C‐Elektrophil werden dabei modellhaft mit Nitronat‐Ionen nachgestellt. Auf diese Weise kann der Reaktionsverlauf anhand von Farb‐ und Leitfähigkeitsänderungen beobachtet und schlüssig gedeutet werden. Dieses Deuten macht ein prozessorientiertes, reaktionsmechanistisches Denken unter vernetzter Anwendung der Konzepte der Organischen Chemie notwendig. Ein solcher Ansatz bildet den Schlüssel zum erfolgreichen Bewältigen organisch‐chemischer Fragestellungen. Daher erwarten wir von dem dargestellten Lernangebot einen positiven Einfluss auf das Problemlösungsverhalten und das Konzeptwissen angehender Lehrkräfte.
Renewable High‐Performance Fibers from the Chemical Recycling of Cotton Waste Utilizing an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Asaadi Shirin , Hummel Michael , Hellsten Sanna , Härkäsalmi Tiina , Ma Yibo , Michud Anne , Sixta Herbert 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA new chemical recycling method for waste cotton is presented that allows the production of virgin textile fibers of substantially higher quality than that from the mechanical recycling methods that are used currently. Cotton postconsumer textile wastes were solubilized fully in the cellulose‐dissolving ionic liquid 1,5‐diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐enium acetate ([DBNH]OAc) to be processed into continuous filaments. As a result of the heterogeneous raw material that had a different molar mass distribution and degree of polymerization, pretreatment to adjust the cellulose degree of polymerization by acid hydrolysis, enzyme hydrolysis, or blending the waste cotton with birch prehydrolyzed kraft pulp was necessary to ensure spinnability. The physical properties of the spun fibers and the effect of the processing parameters on the ultrastructural changes of the fibers were measured. Fibers with a tenacity (tensile strength) of up to 58 cN tex−1 (870 MPa) were prepared, which exceeds that of native cotton and commercial man‐made cellulosic fibers.
Optimization of mass cytometry sample cryopreservation after staining
Authors: Sumatoh Hermi R. , Teng Karen Wei Weng , Cheng Yang , Newell Evan W. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe advent of mass cytometry has facilitated highly multi‐parametric single‐cell analysis allowing for the deep assessment of cellular diversity. While the data and analytical power of this approach are well described, associated technical and experimental hurdles remain. Issues like equipment breakdown and sampling of large‐scale batches, which may require multiple days of data acquisition, are minor but critical obstacles that prompt a technical solution, especially when dealing with precious samples. An ability to cryopreserve mass cytometry samples that have already been stained would alleviate numerous technical limitations we face with currently used sample‐handling approaches. Here, we evaluated two protocols for freezing of already‐stained and fixed cellular samples and compared them with standard sample refrigeration in staining buffer. A comprehensive human T cell staining phenotypic and functional profiling panel was used and the signal intensity and reliability of each marker was assessed over a 4‐week period. In general, cellular viability, DNA Ir‐Intercalator and barcode staining were minimally affected by freezing compared to refrigeration, and the signal intensities for cell surface markers and receptors were not compromised. Intracellular cytokine staining did show some decreases in signal intensity after freezing, with the decreases more prominent in a methanol‐based protocol compared to a protocol involving the use of 10% DMSO in FBS. We conclude that freezing already‐stained samples suspended in 10% DMSO in FBS is practical and efficient way to preserve already‐stained samples when needed. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry