bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct contributions by frontal and parietal cortices support working memory
Authors: Mackey Wayne E. , Curtis Clayton E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough subregions of frontal and parietal cortex both contribute and coordinate to support working memory (WM) functions, their distinct contributions remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that perturbations to topographically organized human frontal and parietal cortex during WM maintenance cause distinct but systematic distortions in WM. The nature of these distortions supports theories positing that parietal cortex mainly codes for retrospective sensory information, while frontal cortex codes for prospective action.
Lateral-drag propulsion forces induced by anisotropy
Authors: Nefedov Igor S. , Rubi J. Miguel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe predict the existence of lateral drag forces near the flat surface of an absorbing slab made of an anisotropic material. The forces originate from the fluctuations of the electromagnetic field, when the anisotropy axis of the material forms a certain angle with the surface. In this situation, the spatial spectra of the fluctuating electromagnetic fields becomes asymmetric, different for positive and negative transverse wave vectors components. Differently from the case of van der Waals interactions in which the forward-backward symmetry is broken due to the particle movement, in our case the lateral motion results merely from the anisotropy of the slab. This new effect, of particular significance in hyperbolic materials, could be used for the manipulation of nanoparticles.
Predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to a visual metronome in monkeys
Authors: Takeya Ryuji , Kameda Masashi , Patel Aniruddh D. , Tanaka Masaki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPredictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to an auditory beat is a fundamental component of human music. To date, only certain vocal learning species show this behaviour spontaneously. Prior research training macaques (vocal non-learners) to tap to an auditory or visual metronome found their movements to be largely reactive, not predictive. Does this reflect the lack of capacity for predictive synchronization in monkeys, or lack of motivation to exhibit this behaviour? To discriminate these possibilities, we trained monkeys to make synchronized eye movements to a visual metronome. We found that monkeys could generate predictive saccades synchronized to periodic visual stimuli when an immediate reward was given for every predictive movement. This behaviour generalized to novel tempi, and the monkeys could maintain the tempo internally. Furthermore, monkeys could flexibly switch from predictive to reactive saccades when a reward was given for each reactive response. In contrast, when humans were asked to make a sequence of reactive saccades to a visual metronome, they often unintentionally generated predictive movements. These results suggest that even vocal non-learners may have the capacity for predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to a beat, but that only certain vocal learning species are intrinsically motivated to do it.
Gap junction-mediated regulation of endothelial cellular stiffness
Authors: Okamoto Takayuki , Kawamoto Eiji , Takagi Yoshimi , Akita Nobuyuki , Hayashi Tatsuya , Park Eun Jeong , Suzuki Koji , Shimaoka Motomu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEndothelial monolayers have shown the ability to signal each other through gap junctions. Gap junction-mediated cell-cell interactions have been implicated in the modulation of endothelial cell functions during vascular inflammation. Inflammatory mediators alter the mechanical properties of endothelial cells, although the exact role of gap junctions in this process remains unclear. Here, we sought to study the role of gap junctions in the regulation of endothelial stiffness, an important physical feature that is associated with many vascular pathologies. The endothelial cellular stiffness of living endothelial cells was determined by using atomic force microscopy. We found that tumor necrosis factor-α transiently increased endothelial cellular stiffness, which is regulated by cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell-cell interactions. We explored the role of gap junctions in endothelial cellular stiffening by utilizing gap junction blockers, carbenoxolone, inhibitory anti-connexin 32 antibody or anti-connexin 43 antibody. Blockade of gap junctions induced the cellular stiffening associated with focal adhesion formation and cytoskeletal rearrangement, and prolonged tumor necrosis factor-α-induced endothelial cellular stiffening. These results suggest that gap junction-mediated cell-cell interactions play an important role in the regulation of endothelial cellular stiffness.
Environmental impact of omnivorous, ovo-lacto-vegetarian, and vegan diet
Authors: Rosi Alice , Mena Pedro , Pellegrini Nicoletta , Turroni Silvia , Neviani Erasmo , Ferrocino Ilario , Di Cagno Raffaella , Ruini Luca , Ciati Roberto , Angelino Donato , Maddock Jane , Gobbetti Marco , Brighenti Furio , Del Rio Daniele , Scazzina Francesca 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFood and beverage consumption has a great impact on the environment, although there is a lack of information concerning the whole diet. The environmental impact of 153 Italian adults (51 omnivores, 51 ovo-lacto-vegetarians, 51 vegans) and the inter-individual variability within dietary groups were assessed in a real-life context. Food intake was monitored with a 7-d dietary record to calculate nutritional values and environmental impacts (carbon, water, and ecological footprints). The Italian Mediterranean Index was used to evaluate the nutritional quality of each diet. The omnivorous choice generated worse carbon, water and ecological footprints than other diets. No differences were found for the environmental impacts of ovo-lacto-vegetarians and vegans, which also had diets more adherent to the Mediterranean pattern. A high inter-individual variability was observed through principal component analysis, showing that some vegetarians and vegans have higher environmental impacts than those of some omnivores. Thus, regardless of the environmental benefits of plant-based diets, there is a need for thinking in terms of individual dietary habits. To our knowledge, this is the first time environmental impacts of three dietary regimens are evaluated using individual recorded dietary intakes rather than hypothetical diet or diets averaged over a population.
Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins, PtFLAs, play important roles in GA-mediated tension wood formation in Populus
Authors: Wang Haihai , Jin Yanli , Wang Cuiting , Li Bei , Jiang Chunmei , Sun Zhencang , Zhang Zhiping , Kong Fanjing , Zhang Hongxia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn Populus, the transcripts of fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs) are accumulated in tension wood (TW) xylem, however their biological functions in TW formation are largely unknown. In this work, we demonstrated that PtFLA6, one of poplar TW-associated PtFLAs, was abundantly expressed in TW, and mainly localized in differentiating G-fibers. The bended stems of PtFLA6 antisense transgenic poplar showed decreased transcripts of PtFLAs, including PtFLA6, and reduced PtFLA6 like proteins, leading to inhibited TW differentiation and formation. We also showed that gibberellin A3 (GA3) was enriched in the xylem of TW side, accompanied with a lowered level of PtRGA1, a poplar DELLA protein. When GA3 biosynthesis was restrained in the bended poplar stems by a GA biosynthesis inhibitor (daminozide), TW formation was obviously repressed, as a result of restricted PtRGA1 degradation, and reduced PtFLA6 like proteins and PtFLA expression. Further studies indicated that PtFLAs were negatively regulated by PtRGA1. This study suggests that PtFLAs play important roles in the poplar TW formation, possibly regulated by GA signaling.
Plasma dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 activity is associated with left ventricular systolic function in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Li Jing Wei , Chen Yun Dai , Liu Yu Qi , Wang Jin Da , Chen Wei Ren , Zhang Ying Qian , Ma Qiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPlasma dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 activity (DPP4a) is inversely associated with left ventricular function in patients with heart failure (HF) or diabetes. However, the association between DPP4a and left ventricular function in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients has not been reported. We studied this association in 584 consecutive STEMI patients at a tertiary referral center from July 2014 to October 2015. DPP4a and plasma N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were quantified by enzymatic assays. The median serum NT-proBNP levels were highest in patients of the lowest tertile (T1) of DPP4a compared with that of the highest tertile (T3) (p = 0.028). The STEMI patients in T1 exhibited lower left ventricular systolic function (T1 vs. T3: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): 50.13 ± 9.12 vs. 52.85 ± 6.82%, p = 0.001). Multivariate logistic-regression analyses (adjusted for confounding variables) showed that a 1 U/L increase in DPP4a was associated with a decreased incidence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) (adjusted odds ratio: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87–0.94; p < 0.01). In conclusion, low DPP4a is independently associated with LVSD in STEMI patients, which suggests that DPP4 may be involved in the mechanisms of LVSD in STEMI patients.
A cognitive-developmental perspective on maps in children’s literature
Authors: Liben Lynn S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Maps in children’s literature vary in many ways, for example, by representing real or imagined places; employing abstract or pictorial symbols; and depicting spaces at differing scales, orientations, and viewing angles. Although authors and illustrators may presume that children readily “see through” such maps to understand their underlying meaning, cognitive-developmental research suggests otherwise. This chapter reviews children’s developing representational and spatial concepts and their relevance for map understanding; contrasts perspectives of geography, literature, and cognitive development; and urges that future researchers study explicitly how maps are used during reading, and how these varied uses influence the cognitive and emotional consequences of the reading experience.
Mapping the new citizen – Pedagogy of cartophobia
Authors: von Merveldt Nikola 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter looks at the place of maps in the late eighteenth-century German pedagogic reform movement of philanthropism. Advocating a realist reform of the humanist schooling tradition, philanthropists declared geography to be the foundational elementary science. More importantly, geography was understood as the referential framework to educate children to become active citizens in the “real world.” Focusing on Joachim Heinrich Campe’s geographical writings, this chapter explores the historically specific version of geographic literacy that the philanthropists embraced. Far more than mere mappings of geographic realities, philanthropic maps were ideological projections of a new kind of citizen who took his bearings from a new vision of his place within the world.
Itineraries and maps
Authors: Juan Cantavella Anna 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter is based on two works by Czech author-illustrator Peter Sís, Madlenka (2000) and The Three Golden Keys (1994), in which the act of walking the streets of two cities becomes the main theme. Both works can be seen as a fragment of Sís’ personal cartography. The chapter pays particular attention to scholars from the fields of social anthropology and cultural studies. In doing so, the aim is to underline the marked subjectivity of space, a suggestion that is present in all of Peter Sís’ works, but which is especially relevant to these two picturebooks, dedicated to the two cities that have featured most strongly in the author’s own life.
Connecting worlds
Authors: Nikolajeva Maria , Taylor Liz 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter, based on a crossdisciplinary framework of cultural geography and children’s literature theory, discusses three children’s novels set on islands, all of which operate within ambiguous fictional worlds and use ambiguous narrative perspective. The issues of belonging/not belonging, time/space connections and interactions, mythical and contemporary world, nature/culture, displacement and spatial marginalisation are emphasised through the maps that are substantially more prominent than in most conventional children’s novels. Rather than an embellishment appearing outside the narrative they are in a subtle way incorporated into it, which also creates a fascinating tension between the visual map and its verbal ekphrasis.
Social motivations for linguistic exploration
Authors: Slobin Dan I. 
Published: July 2017

The language-learning child is challenged to determine why there are alternate ways of expressing content, performing speech acts, and directing attention to inner states. Acquisition of syntax is driven by social cognition and by attention to linguistic constructions. This chapter presents an in-depth case study of one English-speaking 3-year-old, focusing on modals, conditionals, hypotheticals, and causal and temporal expressions. Underlying the acquisition of these forms is a concern with normativity – regularities in the social world and the child’s position in that world. Without the linguistic forms, it would be difficult for the child to focus on these issues; without an ability to cognize social interaction, the forms would remain opaque. The co-acquisition of form and function is a dialectical process.
Body heat responsive gelation of methylcellulose formulation containing betaine
Authors: Shirata Yoshiaki , Wakasa Asami , Miura Kiyoshi , Nakamura Hironori , Matsumoto Yoshinobu , Miyada Tomihiro 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We examined a methylcellulose (MC) formulation that gels at body temperature for enteral alimentation. Betaine was found to have a lowering effect on the gelation temperature of the MC solution. The thermal gelation temperature of a body heat-responsive (BHR) gelling MC formulation, consisting of 2% MC, 15% glucose, 1.2% sodium citrate, and 3.5% betaine mixture, was approximately 32 °C, indicating that it could gel in response to body heat. Glucose release from the BHR gels was delayed at 37 °C in an in vitro study. In rats, oral administration of BHR gelling MC formulation delayed an increase in blood glucose and appearance of 13CO2 in expired air in a 13C-acetate breath test in comparison with the control. These results suggested that the BHR gelling MC formulation was gelled in the stomach and delayed gastric emptying after oral administration and glucose in the gels was absorbed slowly.
Effects of ethyl-α-d-glucoside on human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Bogaki Takayuki , Mitani Keiichi , Oura Yuki , Ozeki Kenji 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Ethyl α-d-glucoside (α-EG) is a glycoside present in sake, Japanese rice wine. Previous studies have reported that α-EG suppresses skin roughness after ultraviolet B irradiation, transepidermal water loss, and hepatic function disorder, and has a skin moisturizing effect. In this study, 0.48 μM of α-EG was found to increase the proliferation of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) by 121.0%, and the amount of collagen I produced by NHDF increased by 159.6% at an α-EG concentration of 0.048 μM, compared to those in cells cultured without α-EG. In NHDF cultured in α-EG-supplemented medium, the expression of fibroblast growth factor I and VII mRNA increased by 148.8 and 153.1%, at an α-EG concentration of 4.8 and 0.048 μM, respectively, as measured by a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Transcript levels of type I collagen genes, COL1A1 and COL1A2, increased by 152.4 and 129.7%, respectively, and that of a type III collagen gene, COL3A1, increased by 131.8% at an α-EG concentration of 0.48 μM. These findings supported the possibility that α-EG was involved in the maintenance and improvement of skin homeostasis and moisturizing functions.
Colorful Simplicial Depth, Minkowski Sums, and Generalized Gale Transforms
Authors: Adiprasito Karim A , Brinkmann Philip , Padrol Arnau , Paták Pavel , Patáková Zuzana , Sanyal Raman 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The colorful simplicial depth of a collection of $d+1$ finite sets of points in Euclidean $d$-space is the number of choices of a point from each set such that the origin is contained in their convex hull. We use methods from combinatorial topology to prove a tight upper bound on the colorful simplicial depth. This implies a conjecture of Deza et al. [7]. Furthermore, we introduce colorful Gale transforms as a bridge between colorful configurations and Minkowski sums. Our colorful upper bound then yields a tight upper bound on the number of totally mixed facets of certain Minkowski sums of simplices. This resolves a conjecture of Burton [6] in the theory of normal surfaces.
An efficient experiment design helps to identify differential expressed genes (DEGs) in RNA-seq data in studies of plant qualitative traits
Authors: Li Xingfeng , Song Zhenqiao , Bao Yinguang , Wang Honggang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, we conducted comparative transcriptome analysis between homozygous dominant parent and heterozygous F1hybrid with homozygous recessive parent in qualitative trait study of common wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Two sets of near-isogenic lines (NILs) were used: one set of NILs carrying powdery mildew resistance and susceptiblePm2alleles, the other set of NILs carrying different awn inhibition geneB1alleles. The results demonstrated that 2,932 DEGs were identified between L031 (Pm2Pm2) and Chancellor (pm2pm2), while 1,494 DEGs presented between F1hybrid (Pm2pm2) and Chancellor, the co-regulated DEGs were 1,028. For the wheat awn inhibition geneB1test, 720 DEGs were identified between SN051-2 (B1B1) and SN051-1 (b1b1), and 231 DEGs were identified between F1hybrid (B1b1) and SN051-1, the co-regulated DEGs were 180. Hierarchical clustering analysis of co-regulated DEGs showed that dominant parent and F1hybrid were clustered as the nearest neighbors, while recessive parent showed an apparent departure. The results showed that the overlapping DEGs between dominant parent and F1hybrid with recessive parent reduced the number of interested DEGs to only one-quarter (or one-third) of that between dominant and recessive parent, these overlapping loci could provide insights into molecular mechanisms that are affected by causal mutations.
siRNA biogenesis, DNA methylation and target locus silencing are distinct and separable Pol IV sub-functions differentially dependent on the largest subunit's CTD
Authors: Wendte Jered M. , Haag Jeremy R. , Pontes Olga M. , Singh Jasleen , Metcalf Sara , Pikaard Craig S. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTPlant nuclear multisubunit RNA polymerase IV plays a key role in the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway for transcriptional silencing of transposons, viruses and specific genes by synthesizing precursors of 24 nt siRNAs that guide the process. The Pol IV largest subunit, NRPD1 is derived from the Pol II largest subunit but has a unique carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of unknown function. We show that the NRPD1 CTD is critical for transcriptional silencing of target loci and for producing 24 nt siRNAs at high levels. However, the CTD is surprisingly dispensable for near wild-type levels of Pol IV-dependent genomic cytosine methylation. These results suggest that low levels of 24 nt siRNAs, produced at only 20-30% of wild-type levels, are sufficient for full RNA-directed DNA methylation, yet insufficient for silencing, suggesting additional roles for siRNAs beyond DNA methylation. Moreover, at a subset of target loci, neither siRNA levels nor cytosine methylation are impaired upon deletion of the CTD, yet silencing is lost. Collectively, the non-linear relationships between siRNA levels, cytosine methylation and silencing suggest the existence of additional mechanisms of silencing dependent on Pol IV transcription and mediated by the CTD, such as promoter occlusion to inhibit the activities of other polymerases.
Perceptions of FASD by Minnesota public defenders
Authors: Brown Jerrod , Cich Janina , Singh Jay 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Persons diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are more likely to come into contact with the criminal justice system than general population controls. Although previous survey evidence has suggested that federal district attorneys are limited in their knowledge of the psycholegal impairments presented by defendants with this condition, such research has yet to have been conducted with state-specific public defenders. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The Dillman Total Design Method was used to disseminate an electronic survey to public defenders in Minnesota. The survey included questions designed to measure their knowledge bases on and legal experiences with FASD. Surveys were completed by 135 respondents (nMen=63; nWomen=72) with an average of 16.22 years (SD=11.34) of legal experience.

Findings
Respondents varied in their knowledge bases on the cognitive impairments, social deficits, and physical complications characteristic of FASD. Less than 20 percent of respondents reported having received training on the psycholegal impairments experienced by individuals diagnosed with FASD from arrest until the start of adjudication, during adjudication, or during incarceration. Over 95 percent of respondents reported that they could benefit from a Continuing Legal Education course on the psycholegal impairments of individuals diagnosed with FASD, and over 90 percent reported that they could benefit from being provided the findings of a screening tool for FASD in their daily practice.

Originality/value
First survey of state public defenders’ perceptions of FASD.
Service evaluation of a Specialist Memory Clinic for adults with ID in South Wales
Authors: Bayley Amanda , Amoako Annika , El-Tahir Mohamed Omer 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the findings of a service evaluation project of the Specialist Memory Clinic for people with intellectual disabilities in South Wales using the Dementia guidelines published by the British Psychological Society and the Royal College of Psychiatrists (BPS/RCPsych, 2015).

Design/methodology/approach
Clinical audit using case notes of patients attending Memory Clinics during 2011 and 2015 benchmarked against best practice guidelines; carers feedback from Memory Clinic attendance; and evaluation of the training sessions to carers.

Findings
Audit findings show full compliance with standards (100 per cent) except for the baseline assessment for people with Down syndrome. Carer’s evaluation and feedback was positive and constructive. Training evaluation indicates improvement in knowledge and positively received sessions.

Research limitations/implications
The small number of people included and possibility of high motivated team may affect the service evaluation result.

Practical implications
It is possible for the Community Learning Disability team to meet the standards published (BPS/RCPsych, 2015) through multidisciplinary working.

Originality/value
Initial service evaluation completed after published guidelines for Dementia care by the BPS/RCPsych (2015).