bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe effects of long-term drought on calcareous grassland seed banks
Authors: Basto Sofía , Thompson Ken , Grime J. Philip , Fridley Jason D. , Calhim Sara , Askew Andrew P. , Rees Mark 
Published: January 2018

AbstractClimate change models project shifts in precipitation patterns at regional and global scales. Increases in dry areas and the occurrence of drought predicted in future scenarios are likely to threaten grassland ecosystems. Calcareous grassland seed banks have proven to be resistant to short-term drought, but their responses to long-term drought are unknown. Here we show that 14 years of summer drought changed calcareous grassland seed bank composition, reducing its size and richness, and that these responses do not simply reflect patterns in the above-ground vegetation. Moreover, the effect of drought was larger on seed banks than on vegetation, and above-ground responses mediated by soil depth were less evident in the seed bank than in the vegetation. These results demonstrate that the severity of drought effects on calcareous grasslands is larger than previously thought, and show that this ecosystem is highly vulnerable and has low resilience to predicted decreases in soil moisture.
Vitamin C preferentially kills cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma via SVCT-2
Authors: Lv Hongwei , Wang Changzheng , Fang Tian , Li Ting , Lv Guishuai , Han Qin , Yang Wen , Wang Hongyang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, ascorbate, VC) is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for cancer patients. However, the anti-tumor effects of pharmacologic VC on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) remain to be fully elucidated. Panels of human HCC cell lines as well as HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were employed to investigate the anti-tumor effects of pharmacologic VC. The use of VC and the risk of HCC recurrence were examined retrospectively in 613 HCC patients who received curative liver resection as their initial treatment. In vitro and in vivo experiments further demonstrated that clinically achievable concentrations of VC induced cell death in liver cancer cells and the response to VC was correlated with sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT-2) expressions. Mechanistically, VC uptake via SVCT-2 increased intracellular ROS, and subsequently caused DNA damage and ATP depletion, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Most importantly, SVCT-2 was highly expressed in liver CSCs, which promoted their self-renewal and rendered them more sensitive to VC. In HCC cell lines xenograft models, as well as in PDX models, VC dramatically impaired tumor growth and eradicated liver CSCs. Finally, retrospective cohort study showed that intravenous VC use was linked to improved disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC patients (adjusted HR = 0.622, 95% CI 0.487 to 0.795, p < 0.001). Our data highlight that pharmacologic VC can effectively kill liver cancer cells and preferentially eradicate liver CSCs, which provide further evidence supporting VC as a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
Giant Cells Osseous Tumor in the Tarsal Canal after Lateral Ankle Sprain
Authors: Lughi Marcello 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAnkle sprain can cause injuries to the anatomic structures surrounding the tibiotarsal joint. A possible extra-articular pathology is to be hypothesized and diagnosed as early as possible. The subtalar joint, for anatomical and functional reasons, is one of the most damaged joints following an ankle sprain. In spite of this, its involvement is often underestimated. The clinical case presented in the present article is referred to a giant cells osseous tumor in the tarsal canal that was diagnosed 2 months after an inversion ankle sprain.
Hautkrebsvorsorge PLUS − Die Früherkennung von HPV-bedingten Plattenepithelkarzinomen in der dermatologischen Praxis
Authors: Hilfrich R. 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Zahl der Neuerkrankungen an HPV-bedingten Plattenepithelkarzinomen ist stark im Anstieg begriffen. Geschlechterspezifisch sind wesentliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Lokalisation der Kanzerosen erkennbar. Während Frauen überwiegend von Anogenitalkarzinomen betroffen sind, erkranken Männer in erster Linie an HPV-bedingtem Mund- und Rachenkrebs. Insgesamt stellen Karzinome in Mund und Rachen mittlerweile die häufigste HPV-bedingte Tumorart in den entwickelten Ländern dar. Die Früherkennung dieser Tumoren ist maßgeblich für eine gute Prognose. Während es bislang keine aussagekräftige und praktikable Methode der Früherkennung für HPV-bedingte Tumoren im Rachen gab, stellt das neue immunologische Testverfahren unter Verwendung von Anti-HPV16 L1 DRH1 eine sinnvolle Ergänzung des Hautkrebsscreenings dar.
Cargo navigation across 3D microtubule intersections
Authors: Bergman Jared P. , Bovyn Matthew J. , Doval Florence F. , Sharma Abhimanyu , Gudheti Manasa V. , Gross Steven P. , Allard Jun F. , Vershinin Michael D. 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceEukaryotic cells use microtubule (MT)-based transport to control the distribution of cargos across their complex and crowded environment. Prior models of MT-based motility considered cargo behavior on single filaments or simple networks. However, numerous recent reports revealed surprisingly complex 3D MT networks and associated complex cargo motility in cells. Such phenomena could not be modeled in previous studies. We show (via a recently developed experimental approach and in silico modeling) that network geometry plays a significant role in MT-based motility: The 3D properties of a single intersection can determine cargo routing, depending on cargo properties (e.g., size), opening the possibility that tuning 3D network geometry allows for selective targeting of cargos around the cell.
Novel concept of the smart NIR-light–controlled drug release of black phosphorus nanostructure for cancer therapy
Authors: Qiu Meng , Wang Dou , Liang Weiyuan , Liu Liping , Zhang Yin , Chen Xing , Sang David Kipkemoi , Xing Chenyang , Li Zhongjun , Dong Biqin , Xing Feng , Fan Dianyuan , Bao Shiyun , Zhang Han , Cao Yihai 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Precision delivery of cancer drugs to tumor site is crucial for improving therapeutic efficacy and minimizing adverse effects. Despite tremendous efforts, current drug delivery systems remain an unmet clinical need for cancer therapy. Herein, we propose a unique concept of applying external light to control drug delivery in cancer tissues. In preclinical cancer models, we demonstrate that the near-infrared light-induced decomposition of black phosphorus hydrogel accurately releases drugs in tumor tissues to eradicate subcutaneous breast and melanoma cancers without causing any adverse effects. We believe that our therapeutic system can be used for effective treatment of most cancer types. Our findings may likely bring about a paradigm shift in clinical treatment of cancer and millions of cancer patients will benefit from our findings.
Noncanonical agonist PPARγ ligands modulate the response to DNA damage and sensitize cancer cells to cytotoxic chemotherapy
Authors: Khandekar Melin J. , Banks Alexander S. , Laznik-Bogoslavski Dina , White James P. , Choi Jang Hyun , Kazak Lawrence , Lo James C. , Cohen Paul , Wong Kwok-Kin , Kamenecka Theodore M. , Griffin Patrick R. , Spiegelman Bruce M. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that plays a central role in the formation of adipose tissue. We show that phosphorylation of a single amino acid of PPARγ alters the response of cells to DNA damaging agents, including multiple types of chemotherapy. Noncanonical agonist PPARγ ligands that block PPARγ phosphorylation sensitize a variety of cancer cell types to these chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. We show that PPARγ interacts with the tumor-suppressor p53 in a manner dependent on PPARγ phosphorylation at S273. These data strongly suggest that noncanonical agonist PPARγ ligands, which lack many of the known side effects of classic agonists, should be explored for clinical use in combination with traditional chemotherapy for a variety of malignancies.
Somatostatin and parvalbumin inhibitory synapses onto hippocampal pyramidal neurons are regulated by distinct mechanisms
Authors: Horn Meryl E. , Nicoll Roger A. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Stable brain functioning requires a balancing of excitatory and inhibitory signaling, a phenomenon known as “excitatory–inhibitory balance” or homeostasis. Dysregulation of homeostasis is thought to be linked to diseases such as autism and schizophrenia, although the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Here, we elucidate the ways excitatory neurons can regulate their inhibitory synapses, finding that neurons can regulate different forms of inhibitory input through distinct molecular pathways. We also found evidence that these different forms of inhibitory input depend on different postsynaptic inhibitory proteins. Thus, while it has long been known that different types of inhibitory neurons shape activity in different ways, this study clarifies how these forms of inhibition may be differentially regulated.
Client-oriented Building Mass Customization (CoBMC)
Authors: Lee Xia Sheng , Khamidi Mohd Faris , Kuppusamy Sivaraman , Heng Chin Tuck 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Although much later compared to other industries including aerospace, automobile, oil and gas etc., digital technology development has been cresting towards an exponential curve in the construction industry. Technological diversity and abundance change the game from “what you can” to “what you want”. Society is changing at an unprecedented rate. Consequently adaptability will be crucial. This research paper explores the integration of digital adaptive technologies that transform the construction industry from the mass production to that of a possible client-oriented mass customization. The focus on the design, construction and performance stages of a building project, currently undergoing major overhaul faces a paradigm shift globally that will impact and compel attention for the next three decades with viable solutions such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) to manage massive data cum information. Customization maximizes clients’ participation during the design process thereby achieving greater effective value and higher satisfaction. A study between customized and standardized examples will investigate how adaptive customization will shift the design paradigm from cost to value centric. This action research will explore different aspects of emerging innovative systems already in place pushing the edge of frontiers, and transforming the building industry landscape whether micro or giga, to compliment new technologies to create an unprecedented exhilaration of freshness over the mundane, routine and mediocrity. Three identified fundamental aspects that are instrumental to Client-oriented Building Mass Customization (CoBMC) are design option visualization, parametric product information and n-dimensional modelling. The study concluded that a paradigm shift is therefore inevitable for every stakeholder including clients who will need to re-examine their roles, capabilities, and competencies in preparation towards challenging future.
The deep history of the number words
Authors: Pagel Mark , Meade Andrew 
Published: January 2018

We have previously shown that the ‘low limit’ number words (from one to five) have exceptionally slow rates of lexical replacement when measured across the Indo-European (IE) languages. Here, we replicate this finding within the Bantu and Austronesian language families, and with new data for the IE languages. Number words can remain stable for 10 000 to over 100 000 years, or around 3.5–20 times longer than average rates of lexical replacement among the Swadesh list of ‘fundamental vocabulary’ items. Ordinal evidence suggests that number words also have slow rates of lexical replacement in the Pama–Nyungan language family of Australia. We offer three hypotheses to explain these slow rates of replacement: (i) that the abstract linguistic-symbolic processing of ‘number’ links to evolutionarily conserved brain regions associated with numerosity; (ii) that number words are unambiguous and therefore have lower ‘mutation rates’; and (iii) that the number words occupy a region of the phonetic space that is relatively full and therefore resist change because alternatives are unlikely to be as ‘good’ as the original word.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The origins of numerical abilities’.
Comparative cognition of number and space: the case of geometry and of the mental number line
Authors: Vallortigara Giorgio 
Published: January 2018

Evidence is discussed about the use of geometric information for spatial orientation and the association between space and numbers in non-human animals. A variety of vertebrate species can reorient using simple Euclidian geometry of the environmental surface layout, i.e. in accord with metric and sense (right/left) relationships among extended surfaces. There seems to be a primacy of geometric over non-geometric information in spatial reorientation and, possibly, innate encoding of the sense of direction. The hippocampal formation plays a key role in geometry-based reorientation in mammals, birds, amphibians and fish. Although some invertebrate species show similar behaviours, it is unclear whether the underlying mechanisms are the same as in vertebrates. As to the links between space and number representations, a disposition to associate numerical magnitudes onto a left-to-right-oriented mental number line appears to exist independently of socio-cultural factors, and can be observed in animals with very little numerical experience, such as newborn chicks and human infants. Such evidence supports a nativistic foundation of number–space association. Some speculation about the possible underlying mechanisms is provided together with consideration on the difficulties inherent to any comparison among species of different taxonomic groups.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The origins of numerical abilities'.
Non-canonical apical constriction shapes emergent matrices inC. elegans
Authors: Katz Sophie S. , Maybrun Chloe , Maul-Newby Hannah M. , Frand Alison R. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTSpecialized epithelia produce apical matrices with distinctive topographies by enigmatic mechanisms. Here, we describe a holistic mechanism that integrates cortical actomyosin dynamics with apical matrix remodeling to patternC. eleganscuticles. Therein, axial AFBs appear near the surface of lateral epidermal syncytia during an interval of transverse apical constriction (AC). AC gives rise to three temporary semi-circular cellular protrusions beneath a provisional matrix (sheath). In turn, sheath components pattern durable ridges along the midline of adult cuticles (alae). We propose that forces generated by AC are relayed via the sheath to sculpt the the acellular adult cuticle manifest several hours later. Furthermore, we provide evidence that circumferential actin filament bundles (CFBs) near the surface of the adjacent syncytia (hyp7) are largely dispensable for the propagation of annular cuticle structures from one larval stage to the next. Rather, the temporary CFBs extend from actin bundles overlying body wall muscles, which are situated betweenCe. hemidesmosomes. Similar mechanisms may contribute to the morphogenesis of integumentary organs in higher metazoans.
Large-scale, high-resolution comparison of the core visual object recognition behavior of humans, monkeys, and state-of-the-art deep artificial neural networks
Authors: Rajalingham Rishi , Issa Elias B. , Bashivan Pouya , Kar Kohitij , Schmidt Kailyn , DiCarlo James J. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTPrimates—including humans—can typically recognize objects in visual images at a glance even in the face of naturally occurring identity-preserving image transformations (e.g. changes in viewpoint). A primary neuroscience goal is to uncover neuron-level mechanistic models that quantitatively explain this behavior by predicting primate performance for each and every image. Here, we applied this stringent behavioral prediction test to the leading mechanistic models of primate vision (specifically, deep, convolutional, artificial neural networks; ANNs) by directly comparing their behavioral signatures against those of humans and rhesus macaque monkeys. Using high-throughput data collection systems for human and monkey psychophysics, we collected over one million behavioral trials for 2400 images over 276 binary object discrimination tasks. Consistent with previous work, we observed that state-of-the-art deep, feed-forward convolutional ANNs trained for visual categorization (termed DCNNIC models) accurately predicted primate patterns of object-level confusion. However, when we examined behavioral performance for individual images within each object discrimination task, we found that all tested DCNNIC models were significantly non-predictive of primate performance, and that this prediction failure was not accounted for by simple image attributes, nor rescued by simple model modifications. These results show that current DCNNIC models cannot account for the image-level behavioral patterns of primates, and that new ANN models are needed to more precisely capture the neural mechanisms underlying primate object vision. To this end, large-scale, high-resolution primate behavioral benchmarks—such as those obtained here—could serve as direct guides for discovering such models.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecently, specific feed-forward deep convolutional artificial neural networks (ANNs) models have dramatically advanced our quantitative understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying primate core object recognition. In this work, we tested the limits of those ANNs by systematically comparing the behavioral responses of these models with the behavioral responses of humans and monkeys, at the resolution of individual images. Using these high-resolution metrics, we found that all tested ANN models significantly diverged from primate behavior. Going forward, these high-resolution, large-scale primate behavioral benchmarks could serve as direct guides for discovering better ANN models of the primate visual system.
Defects in the neuroendocrine axis cause global development delay in aDrosophilamodel of NGLY1 Deficiency
Authors: Rodriguez Tamy Portillo , Mast Joshua D. , Hartl Tom , Perlstein Ethan O. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTN-glycanase 1 (NGLY1) Deficiency is a rare monogenic multi-system disorder first described in 2014. NGLY1 is evolutionarily conserved in model organisms, including theDrosophila melanogasterNGLY1 homolog,Pngl. Here we conducted a natural history study and chemical-modifier screen on a new fly model of NGLY1 Deficiency engineered with a nonsense mutation inPnglat codon 420, resulting in truncation of the C-terminal carbohydrate-binding PAW domain. Homozygous mutant animals exhibit global development delay, pupal lethality and small body size as adults. We developed a 96-well-plate, image-based, quantitative assay ofDrosophilalarval size for use in a screen of the 2,650-member Microsource Spectrum compound library of FDA approved drugs, bioactive tool compounds, and natural products. We found that the cholesterol-derived ecdysteroid molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) rescued the global developmental delay in mutant homozygotes. Targeted expression of a human NGLY1 transgene to tissues involved in ecdysteroidogenesis, e.g., prothoracic gland, also rescues global developmental delay in mutant homozygotes. Finally, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is a potent enhancer of global developmental delay in our fly model, evidence of a defective proteasome “bounce-back” response that is also observed in nematode and cellular models of NGLY1 Deficiency. Together, these results demonstrate the therapeutic relevance of a new fly model of NGLY1 Deficiency for drug discovery, biomarker discovery, pharmacodynamics studies, and gene modifier screens.
Sustainable agricultural intensification practices and rural food security
Authors: Yahaya Iddrisu , Pokharel Krishna P. , Alidu Abdul-Fatahi , Yamoah Fred Amofa 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of participation in sustainable agricultural intensification practices (SAIPs) on household food security status in Northwestern Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
The study utilised the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) indicator for the measurement of food access data from 168 households in ten communities from the Northwestern region of Ghana for the analyses. Households were categorised into participating households (treatment) and non-participating households (control). The endogenous treatment effects model was employed to evaluate the impact of participation in SAIPs training on food insecurity access scale.

Findings
The results show that participation in SAIPs training lowers, on average, the household food insecurity access by 2.95 points, approximately an 11 per cent reduction in HFIAS score. Other significant factors found to influence household food insecurity access scale are age of household head, experience in farming, total acres owned by household, income level of the household and occupation of the head of the household.

Research limitations/implications
The training programme of participation in SAIPs has massive implications for food security, rural economy and farmers’ livelihoods. However, due to the unique conditions prevailing in Northwestern Ghana, the findings of this research are limited in terms of their generalisability. Future research direction in the area of SAIPs trainings and impact study replications in all qualifying rural food production areas in Ghana, which are susceptible to household food insecurity, will provide a national picture of the efficacy of SAIPs trainings on household food insecurity.

Practical implications
A proven means to decrease natural resource degradation, increase crops yields, and increase subsistence farmers’ income, and food security is an important intervention to resolve the seasonal food shortage, which last for five months in a typical year for agro-food-dependent farming communities in Northwestern Ghana.

Social implications
Ensuring household food security improvement and environmental sustainability will help improve living standards of food producers and reduce the adverse social challenges associated with food insecure communities such as health problems due to food deficiencies, social inequalities, environmental pollution and natural resource degradation in Northwestern Ghana.

Originality/value
The contribution of this paper is the novel thought and approach to examine the impact of the SAIPs trainings on household food security in Northwestern Ghana using the household food insecurity access scale indicator. The study also examined the factors that affect household food security using the endogenous treatment model, which also evaluates the impact of the training programme on the outcome variable.