bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The N-myristoylome of Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Roberts Adam J. , Fairlamb Alan H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractProtein N-myristoylation is catalysed by N-myristoyltransferase (NMT), an essential and druggable target in Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease. Here we have employed whole cell labelling with azidomyristic acid and click chemistry to identify N-myristoylated proteins in different life cycle stages of the parasite. Only minor differences in fluorescent-labelling were observed between the dividing forms (the insect epimastigote and mammalian amastigote stages) and the non-dividing trypomastigote stage. Using a combination of label-free and stable isotope labelling of cells in culture (SILAC) based proteomic strategies in the presence and absence of the NMT inhibitor DDD85646, we identified 56 proteins enriched in at least two out of the three experimental approaches. Of these, 6 were likely to be false positives, with the remaining 50 commencing with amino acids MG at the N-terminus in one or more of the T. cruzi genomes. Most of these are proteins of unknown function (32), with the remainder (18) implicated in a diverse range of critical cellular and metabolic functions such as intracellular transport, cell signalling and protein turnover. In summary, we have established that 0.43–0.46% of the proteome is N-myristoylated in T. cruzi approaching that of other eukaryotic organisms (0.5–1.7%).
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation is increased in psoriasis and induces human β-defensin-2 production in epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Hu Stephen Chu-Sung , Yu Hsin-Su , Yen Feng-Lin , Lin Chi-Ling , Chen Gwo-Shing , Lan Cheng-Che E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been implicated in the development of certain immune-mediated diseases, but their role in psoriasis has not been clearly defined. Human β-defensin-2 (HBD-2) is an important antimicrobial peptide overexpressed in psoriasis epidermis. We evaluated whether the amount of NETs is increased in psoriasis and determined the effect of NETs on HBD-2 production in epidermal keratinocytes. Using fluorescent microscopy, we found that patients with psoriasis (n = 48) had higher amount of NETotic cells in their peripheral blood compared to healthy controls (n = 48) and patients with eczema (n = 35). Psoriasis sera showed increased ability to induce NET formation in control neutrophils but normal NET degradation ability. The amount of NETs in the peripheral blood correlated with psoriasis disease severity. NETosis was also observed in the majority (18 of 20) of psoriasis skin specimens. Furthermore, NETs induced HBD-2 mRNA and protein production in keratinocytes and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed strong expression of HBD-2 in psoriasis lesional skin. In summary, NET formation is increased in peripheral blood and lesional skin of psoriasis patients and correlates with disease severity. Additionally, NET-induced HBD-2 production may provide a novel mechanism for the decreased susceptibility of psoriasis plaques to microbial infections.
A Novel Strategy for Preparation of Si-HA Coatings on C/C Composites by Chemical Liquid Vaporization Deposition/Hydrothermal Treatments
Authors: Xin-bo Xiong , Xin-ye Ni , Ya-yun Li , Cen-cen Chu , Ji-zhao Zou , Xie-rong Zeng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA novel strategy for the preparation of Si-doped hydroxyapatite (Si-HA) coatings on H2O2-treated carbon/carbon composites (C/C) was developed. HA coating was prepared on C/C through chemical liquid vaporization deposition (CLVD)/hydrothermal treatment. HA coating was immersed in an H2SiO3 solution at an autoclave at 413 K for transformation into Si-HA coating. The effects of H2SiO3 mass contents on the phase, morphology and composition of the Si-HA coatings were studied through SEM, EDS,XRD and FTIR. Their bonding performance to C/C was measured through a scratch test. Under the optimal content condition, the in vitro skull osteoblast response behaviors of the Si-HA coating were evaluated. Results showed that SiO32− could enter into the HA lattice and occupy the PO43− sites. Doped SiO32− significantly improved the bonding performance of the HA coating to C/C in comparison with the untreated HA. The adhesive strength of the coatings initially increased and then decreased with increasing H2SiO3 content. Meanwhile, the cohesive strength of the Si-HA coatings was almost nearly identical. The Si-HA coating achieved at a content of 90% H2SiO3 exhibited the best bonding performance and its osteoblast compatibility in vitro was superior to that of the untreated HA coating on C/C through CLVD/hydrothermal treatment.
Mitarbeiterzufriedenheit im Arbeitszeitmodell: Längsschnittstudie zu Praxistauglichkeit und Gesetzeskonformität in einer chirurgischen Klinik der Maximalversorgung
Authors: Langelotz C. , Koplin G. , Pascher A. , Lohmann R. , Köhler A. , Pratschke J. , Haase O. 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In dem Spannungsfeld zwischen Klinikorganisation, Arbeitszeitgesetz, Patientensicherheit, Nachwuchsmangel und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ist die Entwicklung bestmöglicher Arbeitszeitmodelle zur Aufrechterhaltung maximaler Versorgungsqualität bei gleichzeitiger Gesetzeskonformität unabdingbar. Hierzu ist die Evaluation der Auswirkungen der Dienstmodelle auf die Mitarbeiterzufriedenheit sinnvoll.
Material und Methoden Nach Abschaffung des traditionellen 24-Stunden-Dienstes 2007 in einer chirurgischen Klinik der Maximalversorgung wurden konsekutiv ein 18-Stunden-Dienst und nachfolgend 2008 ein 12-Stunden-Dienstmodell zur Verbesserung der Übergabequalität und Reduktion von Übergabeverlusten implementiert. In einer begleitenden Mitarbeiterbefragung wurden die Auswirkungen auf Arbeitsorganisation, Lebensqualität und Einkommen in anonymisierten Fragebögen evaluiert. 2014 wurde die Mitarbeiterbefragung erneut durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Bei 95% Rücklaufquote der Fragebögen 2008 und 93% Rücklaufquote 2014 wurde das 12-Stunden-Modell aufgrund der deutlich höheren Dienstfrequenz mit entsprechend höherer sozialer Belastung schlechter bewertet. Ebenso wurde die körperliche Belastung und chronische Müdigkeit im 12-Stunden-Dienst am schlechtesten bewertet. Der 18-Stunden-Dienst war das Modell der 1. Wahl bei den Mitarbeitern. Der 24-Stunden-Dienst wurde als beste Kompromisslösung zwischen Erfordernissen der Arbeitsorganisation und Mitarbeiterbedürfnissen gewertet und das Dienstmodell daraufhin 2015 erneut angepasst.
Schlussfolgerung Essenzielle Grundlage einer chirurgischen Klinik ist ein an die Erfordernisse der Arbeitsabläufe, des Arbeitszeitgesetzes und Bedürfnisse der Mitarbeiter angepasstes Dienstmodell. Der optimalen Arbeitsorganisation kann ein 12-Stunden-Dienstmodell gerecht werden, aber nur bei entsprechendem Personalschlüssel gelingt dies ohne Inkaufnahme einer zu hohen Dienstfrequenz mit entsprechend stark empfundener Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität. Eine Mitarbeiterbefragung sollte regelmäßig durchgeführt werden, um die tatsächlichen Auswirkungen des Dienstsystems erfassen und weiter optimieren zu können. Das viel kritisierte 24-Stunden-Dienstsystem erscheint mit Augmentierung durch einen Entlastungsdienst in den Abendstunden deutlich besser als sein Ruf.
Seasonal Mortality and Movement Patterns of White Bass in a Southeastern U.S. Reservoir
Authors: Lincoln Kelsey J. , Aday D. Derek , Rice James A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLittle is known about the fundamental aspects of the life history, ecology, and population dynamics of White Bass Morone chrysops in southern U.S. reservoirs, making management of this species difficult. Recent concerns from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission regarding potential population declines in North Carolina prompted an effort to expand the knowledge base of White Bass in reservoirs. Our study aimed to address mortality (fishing mortality, F, and natural mortality, M) as one potential mechanism related to their population declines and to assess seasonal movement and habitat patterns of reservoir White Bass throughout the year using telemetry. We implanted acoustic transmitters into 50 White Bass in spring 2012 and into 25 White Bass in spring 2013. B. Everett Jordan Reservoir, a relatively shallow and eutrophic reservoir located in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, was separated into four different subbasins that were surveyed each month for tagged fish. Fish were monitored using an array of passive receivers and monthly active tracking surveys. A monthly capture history was used as the input for a multistate capture–recapture model in a Bayesian framework to estimate instantaneous monthly mortality rates. Total annual mortality was 76%. The annual exploitation rate (60%) was greater than the natural mortality rate (15%); however, both F and M exhibited seasonal variation and peaked during spring months in 2012 and 2013. White Bass did not use any specific habitat type but were located relatively far from shore and in deep water during cooler months. The use of subbasins in the system was not equal; other than during the spawning run White Bass concentrated in several areas within the two deepest subbasins of the reservoir. Overall, the high F observed in the spring suggests that adjusting the current liberal harvest limits will help mitigate mortality and aid in the management of reservoir White Bass populations.Received January 21, 2016; accepted May 4, 2016 Published online August 5, 2016
Tyrosinase inhibitory flavonoid from Juniperus communis fruits
Authors: Jegal Jonghwan , Park Sang-a , Chung KiWung , Chung Hae Young , Lee Jaewon , Jeong Eun Ju , Kim Ki Hyun , Yang Min Hye 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The fruits of Juniperus communis have been traditionally used in the treatment of skin diseases. In our preliminary experiment, the MeOH extract of J. communis effectively suppressed mushroom tyrosinase activity. Three monoflavonoids and five biflavonoids were isolated from J. communis by bioassay-guided isolation and their inhibitory effect against tyrosinase was evaluated. According to the results of all isolates, hypolaetin 7-O-β-xylopyranoside isolated from J. communis exhibited most potent effect of decreasing mushroom tyrosinase activity with an IC50 value of 45.15 μM. Further study provided direct experimental evidence for hypolaetin 7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-attenuated tyrosinase activity in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 murine melanoma cell. Hypolaetin 7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside from the EtOAc fraction of J. communis was also effective at suppressing α-MSH-induced melanin synthesis. This is the first report of the enzyme tyrosinase inhibition by J. communis and its constituent. Therapeutic attempts with J. communis and its active component, hypolaetin 7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, might be useful in treating melanin pigmentary disorders.
Anti-adipogenic effect of Glycoside St-E2 and Glycoside St-C1 isolated from the leaves of Acanthopanax henryi (Oliv.) Harms in 3T3-L1 cells
Authors: Han Yo-Han , Li Zhi , Um Jae-Young , Liu Xiang Qian , Hong Seung-Heon 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Acanthopanax henryi (Oliv.) Harms has been used in the treatment of arthritis, rheumatism, and abdominal pain. This study evaluated whether natural compounds isolated from the leaves of A. henryi (Oliv.) Harms could inhibit adipocyte differentiation by regulating transcriptional factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was also evaluated. Among the several compounds isolated from the leaves of A. henryi (Oliv.) Harms, Glycoside St-C1 and Glycoside St-E2 significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα. Glycoside St-C1 and Glycoside St-E2 were found to activate AMPK when they regulated PPARγ and C/EBPα. Results confirmed that Glycoside St-C1 and Glycoside St-E2 isolated from the leaves of A. henryi (Oliv.) Harms can inhibit adipogenesis through the AMPK-PPARγ-C/EBPα mechanism. Thus, this study suggests that Glycoside St-C1 and Glycoside St-E2 have a therapeutic effect due to activation of the AMPKα.
GTSE1 tunes microtubule stability for chromosome alignment and segregation through MCAK inhibition
Authors: Bendre Shweta , Rondelet Arnaud , Hall Conrad , Schmidt Nadine , Lin Yu-Chih , Brouhard Gary J. , Bird Alexander W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe dynamic regulation of microtubules during mitosis is critical for accurate chromosome segregation and genome stability. Cancer cell lines with hyperstabilized kinetochore microtubules have increased segregation errors and elevated chromosomal instability (CIN), but the genetic defects responsible remain largely unknown. The microtubule depolymerase MCAK can influence CIN through its impact on microtubule stability, but how its potent activity is controlled in cells remains unclear. Here we show that GTSE1, a protein found overexpressed in aneuploid cancer cell lines and tumours, regulates microtubule stability during mitosis by inhibiting MCAK microtubule depolymerase activity. Cells lacking GTSE1 have defects in chromosome alignment and spindle positioning due to microtubule instability caused by excess MCAK activity. Reducing GTSE1 levels in CIN cancer cell lines reduces chromosome missegregation defects, while artificially inducing GTSE1 levels in chromosomally stable cells elevates chromosome missegregation and CIN. Thus GTSE1 inhibition of MCAK activity regulates the balance of microtubule stability that determines the fidelity of chromosome alignment, segregation, and chromosomal stability.
Cumulative impact of category management on small retailers
Authors: Hamister James   W. , Fortsch Sima M. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine the performance impact for small, local retailers by the means of category management (CM) practice and implementation. The authors utilized survey methodology to investigate both the immediate and cumulative impact of CM on several regional retailers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The results suggest CM practices have a positive impact on the performance of small, local retailers. category captain (CC) and minor supplier (MS) performances are also positively related to CM execution. CM practices, however, do not have a direct significant influence on MS performance, but rather have a cumulative impact through CC and CM performances.

Practical implications
– Small retailers should implement CM principles informally to match with their specific limited resources and management structures. Additionally, results from this study also suggest that local retailers may benefit from leveraging suppliers through tighter relationships encompassed within CM.

Originality/value
– This research is the first to empirically test the immediate and cumulative impacts of CM practices on small, local retailers, and to determine their implications. Cumulatively, small retailers have a large impact on developed economies with a particularly large impact on employment, therefore major retail initiatives such as CM merit scholarly attention.
Neglected on the front line
Authors: Bessant Ceridwyn , Mavin Sharon 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the first-line manager-academic (FLMA) role against a guiding hypothesis that “The first-line manager-academic role is not clearly defined or understood; there is great variety of practice and of recognition of the role across the business school sector”.

Design/methodology/approach
– A descriptive, deductive approach through three linked (internet) surveys of deans of UK business schools, FLMAs in UK business schools and UK university human resource directors.

Findings
– The FLMA role in UK business schools is important to organizational effectiveness, personal development and career progression yet is poorly defined and supported, inconsistently enacted and perceived. FLMAs struggle to balance academic and management demands, with line management a particular issue and HR support and development systems are inadequate. Differences between chartered “old” and statutory “new” UK universities provide an additional layer of complexity.

Research limitations/implications
– FLMA roles need to be better defined and FLMAs better supported to ensure that FLMAs are effective in role contributing to organizational performance and personal development.

Practical implications
– The paper throws light on a neglected aspect of management in UK business schools that has potential value for university HR directors, university managers and business school deans.

Originality/value
– First empirical study into the role of the first-line manager academic in UK business schools.
The effect of organisational size and age on position and paradigm innovation
Authors: Baregheh Anahita , Rowley Jennifer , Hemsworth David 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to knowledge and theory on innovation in small and medium-sized organisations (SMEs) by exploring the role of size and age on organisational engagement with position and paradigm innovation.Design/methodology/approach– Data on organisational characteristics, including age and size, and engagement with position and paradigm innovation was collected as part of a questionnaire based survey of food sector SMEs in the UK. Structural equation modelling was used to identify the existence of any significant relationships between engagement with position and paradigm innovation and organisational age and size.Findings– Findings suggest that organisational engagement with position and paradigm innovation is not affected by either age or size.Originality/value– Prior research, based primarily on process and product innovation, has generated contradictory results regarding whether size or age effect innovation. This study contributes by focusing on the previously unexplored concepts of position and paradigm innovation.
Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance in different environmental settings
Authors: Shirokova Galina , Bogatyreva Karina , Beliaeva Tatiana , Puffer Sheila 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance across different levels of environmental hostility and market growth. The contingency approach of two-way interactions of EO with each environmental variable is contrasted with the configurational approach of three-way interactions of EO simultaneously with different levels of both environmental variables.Design/methodology/approach– Hierarchical regression analysis is applied for the pooled data set of 163 Finnish and Russian small- and medium-sized enterprises, and supplemented withpost hocanalysis of the differences in regression slopes across environmental configurations.Findings– Results show that EO is directly and positively associated with firm performance. However, the strength and direction of this relationship varies by configurations of the external environment variables. Firms achieve superior performance when adopting EO in environments with high levels of both hostility and market growth. In contrast, in favorable environments with low hostility and high market growth, EO adoption leads to lower firm performance.Research limitations/implications– The study contributes to the EO literature by demonstrating different effects of EO on firm performance across various environmental configurations. It uses cross-sectional data from two countries. Replication studies using different samples may further corroborate the results.Practical implications– In order to take advantage of opportunities and achieve better performance, managers of firms should analyze multiple elements of the environment concurrently and align EO to those conditions.Originality/value– The configurations of environmental hostility and market growth, representing both favorable and unfavorable elements of business context, have not been previously investigated together in one model of the EO-performance relationship.
A new approach to prioritizing SME regulation reforms
Authors: Jitmaneeroj Boonlert 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– Despite their important role for small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) policy reform, the individual scores of the ten categories of business regulations in the World Bank’s Doing Business report are often overshadowed by the equal-weighted overall score and ease of doing business ranking. The purpose of this paper is to examine the causal interrelations between category scores and pinpoint the critical categories for reform.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on the latest 2016 Doing Business report, this paper applies the four-stage integrative framework to investigate the causal relationships between category scores and the overall score for business regulations for SMEs. The four-stage analysis includes cluster analysis, data mining, partial least square path modeling, and importance-performance map analysis (IPMA).

Findings
– The overall score for business regulations is not only influenced by the direct effects of the category scores but also by the indirect effects of the causal interrelations between these scores. The IPMA suggests that policy-makers should examine the priorities of the category scores before making a decision about business regulatory reforms for SMEs. This paper suggests that policy-makers should allocate resources in order of priority – to resolving insolvency, getting credit, trading across borders, registering property, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, enforcing contracts, getting electricity, dealing with construction permits, and, finally, starting a business.

Originality/value
– This four-stage methodology is the first attempt to construct a roadmap for business regulatory reforms for SMEs that addresses the problem of equal weighting and subjective causal relationships between category scores.
The influences of knowledge loss and knowledge retention mechanisms on the absorptive capacity and performance of a MIS department
Authors: Lin Tung-Ching , Chang Christina Ling-hsing , Tsai Wen-Chin 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– Knowledge loss impact on the performance of management information system (MIS) departments due to its influence on absorptive capacity. Furthermore, knowledge retention in human resource management and information system application is also included in the research model, in order to examine their effectiveness in mitigating knowledge loss. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Survey method and hypotheses are tested with the collected data from 191 Taiwanese IS personnel.Findings– The results not only indicate knowledge loss has impacts on the absorptive capacity and performance of MIS departments while information systems could mitigate knowledge loss, but also provide deeper understanding of knowledge loss and potential issues for academics; as for practitioners, this study could serve as a reference to design and adopt knowledge management (KM) mechanisms.Originality/value– KM is an important issue for organizations since it is the source of competitive advantages and excellent performance, although the investment in KM is not necessary effective in retaining knowledge. This study conducts survey to examine the influences of knowledge loss in MIS departments, since the high turnover rate of employees and the rapid environmental changes in technical world may worsen the situation. According to dynamic capability theory, absorptive capacity is a critical ability to have while facing turbulent environment.