bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative investigation of bone mineral density using CT and DEXA in a canine femoral model
Authors: Lucas Karin , Behrens Bernd‐Arno , Nolte Ingo , Galindo‐Zamora Vladimir , Betancur Stefanie , Almohallami Amer , Bouguecha Anas , Mostafa Ayman , Lerch Matthias , Stukenborg‐Colsman Christina , Wefstaedt Patrick 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBone density measurements using computed tomography (CT) instead of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) are currently of great interest in human and veterinary medical research as it would be beneficial to use CT scans obtained for other indications also for determining bone density. For Hounsfield units (HU) measured with CT in specific regions of interests (ROIs) in one or several slice/s a correlation with bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DEXA in humans and dogs of between 0.44 and 0.77 is reported in the literature. In the present study, instead certain volumes of interest (VOIs) obtained by CT scan and the corresponding HU to the respective VOIs were compared with the bone mineral density of the corresponding areas measured by DEXA. The aim of the study was to investigate whether this procedure gives more accurate information about bone density of the bones as three‐dimensional objects of the respective patient. Correlation between measured HU in the respective VOI and BMD measured with DEXA in the corresponding ROI showed a very good correlation of 0.93. Linear regression with R2 = 0.85 (p = 0.0262) was calculated. Except for VOI5, similar distribution of values and significant differences (p < 0.0001–0.0087) between ROIs/VOIs were detected. Determining HU for assessing bone mineral density in a certain volume provides more accurate results than those previously reported from two‐dimensional (2D) CT measurements. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2667–2672, 2017.
Identification and quantitative analysis of physalin D and its metabolites in rat urine and feces by liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Yunliang , Cao Cong , Lin Meihua , Zhai You , Ge Zhiwei , ShenTu Jianzhong , Wu Lihua , Hu Xingjiang 
Published: April 2017

Physalin D is known to show extensive bioactivities. However, no excretion study has elucidated the excretion of physalin D and its metabolites. This study investigates the excretion of physalin D and its metabolites in rats. Metabolites in rat urine and feces were separated and identified by liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to quantify physalin D, physalin D glucuronide, and physalin D sulfate in rat feces and urine after the intragastric administration of physalin D. The analyte showed good linearity over a wide concentration range (r > 0.995), and the lower limit of quantification was 0.0532 μg/mL and 0.226 μg/g for urine and feces, respectively. Nine metabolites, including five phase I and four phase II metabolites, were identified and clarified after dosing in vivo. Only 4.0% of the gavaged dose, including physalin D and its phase II metabolites, was excreted in urine, whereas 10.8% was found in feces in the unchanged form. The results indicate that the extensive and rapid metabolism may be the main factors leading to the short half‐life of physalin D. These results can provide a basis for further studies on the structural modification and pharmacology of physalin D.
Density and nest survival of golden‐cheeked warblers: Spatial scale matters
Authors: Reidy Jennifer L. , Thompson Frank R. , O'Donnell Lisa 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTConservation and management plans often rely on indicators such as species occupancy or density to define habitat quality, ignoring factors that influence reproductive success, and potentially limiting conservation achievements. We examined relationships between predicted density and nest survival with environmental features at multiple spatial scales for the golden‐cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) in a large preserve within an urbanizing landscape. Larger‐scale features of the forest and landscape composition best predicted density, whereas small‐scale vegetation features best predicted nest success. Predicted warbler density was more influenced by vegetation structure at the forest (100‐m) and landscape (1‐km) scales than at the plot (5–11.3‐m) scale. Predicted warbler density increased with greater woodland cover (100‐m), average canopy height (100‐m), and mixed woodland cover (1‐km). Average predicted density derived from distance sampling models fit to count data across 1,506 points surveyed during 2011–2014 was 0.21 males/ha (95% CI = 0.20–0.22). Nest survival (n = 610 nests) was strongly correlated with vegetation and terrain characteristics at the plot scale. Period nest survival decreased 28% and increased 36% and 21% across the range of slope, woody understory, and juniper basal area, respectively. Daily nest survival averaged 0.97 (0.96–0.98) but declined throughout the breeding season and varied annually (2011–2015). We recommend management for a high percentage of closed‐canopy, tall mixed juniper (Juniperus ashei)‐oak (Quercusspp.) woodland at the forest and landscape scales to support high densities of warblers. We also recommend protecting upland woodlands with a well‐developed woody understory and greater basal area of junipers because these characteristics were associated with greater nest success. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Noninvasive genetic spatial capture‐recapture for estimating deer population abundance
Authors: Brazeal Jennifer L. , Weist Terri , Sacks Benjamin N. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTInformed management of wildlife populations requires the accurate estimation of abundance, sex ratio, and other population parameters. For deer (Odocoileus spp.), the use of closed‐population, capture‐recapture (CR) methods, in conjunction with noninvasive DNA sampling, has become increasingly practical, but, up to now, these methods have been used in a non‐spatial modeling framework, which has limited their utility for population‐level inferences. In particular, extrapolation of plot‐level CR abundance estimates to the population required the use of multipliers of unknown reliability and potential bias. Spatially explicit capture‐recapture (SCR) models provide an integrated framework for directly estimating density as a function of spatial and habitat variables at landscape scales. We used fecal DNA samples in conjunction with SCR to estimate density, sex ratio, and habitat correlates to density for a mule deer (O. hemionus) population across a large (∼500 km2) area in the central Sierra Nevada Range, California, USA during 2013 and 2014. We surveyed 24 random transects within 4 30‐km2 sites representative of the study area. Based on 411 samples genotyped at a sex marker and 8–10 microsatellite loci, the sex‐ratio for the study area was 62 (95% CI = 41–93) males/100 females in 2013 and 65 (95% CI = 45–94) males/100 females in 2014. Using SCR, we estimated density at 5.0 (95% CI = 2.3–7.8) deer/km2 in 2013 and 5.1 (95% CI = 3.1–7.2) deer/km2 in 2014. In comparison, non‐spatial CR analysis produced density estimates on average 60% higher, likely reflecting bias resulting from use of the commonly employed mean maximum recapture distance (MMRD) to estimate effective sampling area. The SCR models indicated that density was effectively homogeneous throughout the study area, with no strong relationship to habitat correlates. Altogether, these results demonstrate the utility of noninvasive fecal DNA methods in a SCR framework for estimation of abundance and density in deer populations at landscape scales. © 2017 The Wildlife Society
Immobilization of Enzymes on PLGA Sub‐Micrometer Particles by Crosslinked Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition
Authors: Sieber Sandro , Siegrist Stefan , Schwarz Stéphanie , Porta Fabiola , Schenk Susanne H. , Huwyler Jörg 
Published: April 2017

Enzyme immobilization is of high interest for industrial applications. However, immobilization may compromise enzyme activity or stability due to the harsh conditions which have to be applied. The authors therefore present a new and improved crosslinked layer‐by‐layer (cLbL) approach. Two different model enzymes (acid phosphatase and β‐galactosidase) are immobilized under mild conditions on biocompatible, monodisperse, sub‐micrometer poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) particles. The resulting PLGA enzyme systems are characterized regarding their size, surface charge, enzyme activity, storage stability, reusability, and stability under various conditions such as changing pH and temperature. The developed and characterized cLbL protocol can be easily adapted to different enzymes. Potential future uses of the technology for biomedical applications are discussed. PLGA‐enzyme particles are therefore injected into the blood circulation of zebrafish embryos in order to demonstrate the in vivo stability and activity of the designed system.
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Thermoresponsive Polypeptoid‐Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Surface‐Initiated Polymerization
Authors: Kurzhals Steffen , Pretzner Barbara , Reimhult Erik , Zirbs Ronald 
Published: April 2017

Thermoresponsive polypeptoids are promising candidates for medical applications due to their biomimetic properties. When such polymers are grafted on magnetic nanoparticles, materials can be obtained that combine a temperature‐triggered solubility transition with magnetic extraction. The synthesis of monodisperse, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles is described with densely surface‐grafted polypeptoid shells that have tunable thermoresponsive colloidal stability. The synthesis combines ligand exchange with controlled surface‐initiated polymerization of N‐substituted N‐carboxyanhydrides for the preparation of well‐defined core–shell nanoparticles.
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Covalent Fluorination Strategies for the Surface Modification of Polydienes
Authors: De Bruycker Kevin , Delahaye Maarten , Cools Pieter , Winne Johan , Prez Filip E. Du 
Published: April 2017

Nonreactive additives are widely applied to enhance polymer properties but can leach out of the material over time. In this work, two essentially different fluorinated additives bearing a triazolinedione moiety are synthesized and grafted on several polydiene backbones (acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene, styrene–butadiene, and styrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS) copolymers), either by dip‐coating or by reaction in solution. The resulting polymers are analyzed by contact angle goniometry, size exclusion chromatography, and NMR, infrared, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Independent of the modification procedure, the fluorophilic perfluoroalkyl additive is found at the material surface, thereby yielding a more hydrophobic surface. For SIS thermoplastic elastomers, for example, contact angles up to 125° can be obtained.
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Small‐Molecule Dengue Virus Co‐imprinting and Its Application as an Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Sukjee Wannisa , Tancharoen Chompoonuch , Yenchitsomanus Pa‐thai , Gleeson M. Paul , Sangma Chak 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPolymers can be synthesized to recognize small molecules. This is achieved by introducing the target molecule during monomer self‐assembly, where they can be incorporated during cross‐linking polymerization. Following additional pre‐processing, the material obtained can then be applied as a sensing layer for these molecules in many applications. The sensitivity of the polymers depends on the “active sites” imprinted on the surface. Increasing the number of active sites on the polymers surface can be achieved by using nanoparticles as a platform to support and concentrate the molecules for imprinting. In this work, we report the first use of dengue virus as a supporting nanoparticle to make for a more effective polymer composite sensor for the detection of bisphenol A (BPA), which is an environmental contaminant. The dengue virus has a nanoparticle size of around 100 nm and its surface provides regions where lipids and hydrophobic compounds can bind, making it an ideal support. The mixing of BPA with dengue prior to monomer self‐assembly led to imprinted polymer surfaces with much higher density BPA binding sites and a limit of detection of 0.1 pM. We demonstrate that a BPA–dengue co‐imprinting polymer composite sensor shows a very high sensitivity for BPA, but with lower production costs and technical requirements than other comparable methods.
Chemical Profiling Combined with “Omics” Technologies (CP‐Omics): a Strategy to Understand the Compatibility Mechanisms and Simplify Herb Formulas in Traditional Chinese Medicines
Authors: Xu Tengfei , Pi Zifeng , Liu Shu , Song Fengrui , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe compatibility mechanisms of formulas in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are indistinct. In order to better understand the compatibility mechanisms and the quality control of the formulas, it is necessary to simplify formulas in TCM research.ObjectiveDeveloping a novel method by multi‐analysing the contents of different compounds in formula and inferred simplified formula simultaneously.MethodologyChemical profiling combined with “omics” technologies (CP‐omics) was employed in the present study. Wu‐tou Tang (WTT) was taken as an example to elucidate the workflow. We used high definition mass spectrometry combined with pattern recognition methods to analyse WTT and eight herb combinations derived from it. By analysing the content variation of the compounds, the inter compatibility mechanisms of WTT was explained. Cluster analysis classified the herb combinations and inferred a simplified formula.ResultsIt was found that Glycyrrhiza Radix Preparata and Ephedrae Herba could reduce the contents of diester‐diterpenoid alkaloids; Ephedrae Herba could increase the contents of triterpene saponins and monoterpene glycosides in WTT. Through the overall comparison, Aconiti Radix Preparata combined with Glycyrrhiza Radix Preparata, Ephedrae Herba combined with Glycyrrhiza Radix Preparata have a similar chemical profiling with WTT. We inferred that a new simplified prescription composed of Aconiti Radix Preparata, Ephedrae Herba and Glycyrrhiza Radix Preparata should also have a good clinical effect. At last, pharmacological results confirmed that the new herb combination possesses similar anti‐inflammatory activities to WTT.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that the CP‐omics has great advantages in pharmaceutical discovery and optimising complex formulas in TCM. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IP‐MRSO: An iterative posterior preference articulation method to multiple response surface optimization
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hee , Jeong In‐Jun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOne of the most important issues in multiple response surface optimization (MRSO) is obtaining a satisfactory “compromise” solution considering a decision maker (DM)'s preference information on the tradeoffs among multiple responses. A promising alternative to incorporate the DM's preference information into the problem is the posterior preference articulation approach, which first generates all (or most) of the nondominated solutions and then makes the DM select the best one from the set of nondominated solutions a posteriori. However, it has an inefficiency problem in that it generates an excessive number of nondominated solutions in which almost all are not used for the DM's selection. This paper proposes a new posterior method called “IP‐MRSO” to overcome the limitation of the existing posterior method. The proposed IP‐MRSO is illustrated through a well‐known MRSO case problem.
Biophenols and Flavor in Extra Virgin Olive Oils from San Juan Province (Argentina)
Authors: Ceci Liliana N. , Ramírez Daniela , Mussio Daniela F. , Mattar Susana B. , Carelli Amalia A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis work studied phenolic compounds and their relationship with flavor in extra virgin olive oils from Arbequina, Changlot Real, and Coratina cultivars from San Juan province (Argentina) in the 2012 and 2013 harvests. In 2013, the harvesting was brought forward by 15–17 days. The total and individual biophenols were analyzed by HPLC–UV. A taste panel recognized by the International Olive Council (IOC) carried out the sensory analysis. Oxidative stability was measured by accelerated oxidation assays using Rancimat equipment. The oils obtained in 2013 from the three cultivars had higher biophenol contents and particularly higher contents of secoiridoids and derivatives. The positive attributes (fruitiness, bitterness, and pungency) of the oils were more harmonious in the three cultivars in 2013 by enhancing the complexity with a wide range of green descriptors. The oxidative stability indices of the oils were also higher in the three cultivars in 2013. The multiple linear regression model suggested that the aldehyde and hydroxylic form of oleuropein aglycone (3,4‐DHPEA‐EA) was the main contributor (65.5%) to bitterness, while the dialdehyde form of decarboxymethyl ligstroside aglycone (p‐HPEA‐EDA), besides reducing bitterness, was the major contributor to pungency (52.2%). Among simple phenols, o‐coumaric acid contributed to bitterness (2.3%), and tyrosol (6.3%) and tyrosyl acetate (3.3%) were related to pungency.
First Investigation in the Biochemical Analysis of the Invasive Crab Portunus segnis from Tunisian Waters
Authors: Bejaoui Safa , Ghribi Feriel , Hatira Sameh , Chetoui Imene , Rebah Imen , Cafsi M’hamed El 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe invasive Portunus segnis, an atlantic species, was recently recorded in Tunisian waters. Since its record in the Gulf of Gabes, no studies have been carried out about the biochemical analysis of this alien species. In this context, our study aims to evaluate the fatty acid profile, lipid classes (neutral and polar), and nutritional value of breast of this invasive species. Specimens sampled from the gulf of Gabes were found to be rich in protein and oil, with significant differences between sexes. The level of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in neutral and polar showed a significant difference between sexes. Saturated fatty acids were significantly higher in male P. segnis compared to the female. Docosahexaenoic (DHA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and arachidonic (ARA) were the most predominate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in all oil classes. Oleic (C18:1) and Palmitoleic (C16:1) were the most abundant in monounsaturated. Palmitic (C16:0) and Stearic (C18:0) were the major saturated fatty acids. Consequently, the breast of P. segnis was a valuable source of high oil quality: It is rich in essential fatty acids and has an important n‐3/n‐6 ratio in both male and female blue crab. Therefore, the atherogenicity and the thrombogenicity were also evaluated, showing that P. segnis is a shellfish of greater value for human consumption in Tunisia.
Transradial Access for Interventional Radiology: Single-Centre Procedural and Clinical Outcome Analysis
Authors: Thakor Avnesh S. , Alshammari Mohammed T. , Liu David M. , Chung John , Ho Stephen G.F. , Legiehn Gerald M. , Machan Lindsay , Fischman Aaron M. , Patel Rahul S. , Klass Darren 
Published: April 2017

Purpose The study sought to describe a single centre's technical approach to transradial intervention and report on clinical outcomes and safety. Methods A total of 749 transradial access (TRA) procedures were performed at a single hospital in 562 patients (174 women and 388 men). Procedures included 445 bland embolizations or chemoembolizations of the liver, 88 uterine artery embolizations, and 148 procedures for Selective Internal Radiation Therapy (Y90), which included mapping and administration. The mean age of the patients was 62 years (range 27–96 years). Results Four cases (0.5%) required crossover to transfemoral (tortuous anatomy, inability to secure a stable position for embolization, vessel spasm and base catheter not being of a sufficient length). A single asymptomatic, short-segment radial artery occlusion occurred (0.3%), 3 patients (0.4%) developed small hematomas postprocedurally, and 2 patients (0.7%) had transient neurological pain, which was resolved within a week without treatment. It was found that 98% of patients who had a previous femoral access procedure would choose radial access for subsequent procedures. Conclusions Transradial access is a safe, effective technique, with a learning curve; however, this procedure has the potential to significantly improve departmental workflow and cost savings for the department and patient experience.
The role of interleukin‐1β and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 in glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion
Authors: Niu Ben , Su Heng , Xia Xue‐Shan , He Qiu , Xue Yuan‐Ming , Yan Xin‐Ming 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGlucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is one of the important physiological characteristics of islet β cells, and extracellular‐regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is an important member of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase family that regulates this process. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐1β can inhibit the insulin secretion of pancreatic β cells, but the exact mechanism is unclear. This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of IL‐1β on GSIS in βTC‐6 cells and its relation with the ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway. β‐TC6 cells were cultured and stimulated with 0mM, 1.38mM, or 5.5mM glucose. In addition, GSIS in β‐TC6 cells was blocked by IL‐1β at concentrations of 0.15 ng/mL, 1.5 ng/mL, and 15 ng/mL. After glucose stimulation and IL‐1β intervention, the insulin level in the cell supernatant was detected by radioimmunoassay, and the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was detected by western blotting assay. The insulin level in the 1.38mM glucose group was 108.52 ± 5.94 uIU/mL, which was significantly higher than the 0mM and 5.5mM glucose groups (p < 0.05). Compared with the 0mM glucose group, the level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased in the 1.38mM and 5.5mM glucose groups. After intervention by 0.15 ng/mL, 1.5 ng/mL, and 15 ng/mL IL‐1β, the level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by 1.38mM glucose stimulation decreased in a dose‐dependent manner, and the insulin level correspondingly decreased. IL‐1β can inhibit GSIS in βTC‐6 cells, which is related to its inhibition of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.
Symbiosis limits establishment of legumes outside their native range at a global scale
Authors: Simonsen Anna K. , Dinnage Russell , Barrett Luke G. , Prober Suzanne M. , Thrall Peter H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMicrobial symbiosis is integral to plant growth and reproduction, but its contribution to global patterns of plant distribution is unknown. Legumes (Fabaceae) are a diverse and widely distributed plant family largely dependent on symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, which are acquired from soil after germination. This dependency is predicted to limit establishment in new geographic areas, owing to a disruption of compatible host-symbiont associations. Here we compare non-native establishment patterns of symbiotic and non-symbiotic legumes across over 3,500 species, covering multiple independent gains and losses of rhizobial symbiosis. We find that symbiotic legume species have spread to fewer non-native regions compared to non-symbiotic legumes, providing strong support for the hypothesis that lack of suitable symbionts or environmental conditions required for effective nitrogen-fixation are driving these global introduction patterns. These results highlight the importance of mutualisms in predicting non-native species establishment and the potential impacts of microbial biogeography on global plant distributions.