bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ghost of invasives past: rat eradication and the community composition and energy flow of island bird communities
Authors: Tabak Michael A. , Poncet Sally , Passfield Ken , Goheen Jacob R. , Martinez del Rio Carlos 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn the Falkland Islands, islands with invasive rats have fewer passerine species compared to islands without rats. On islands on which rats have been eradicated, passerine species richness is indistinguishable from that found on islands historically free of rats, but community composition differs between these two island types. In particular, the most dominant species on historically rat‐free islands, Cinclodes antarcticus, is less abundant and prevalent on eradicated islands. We compared passerine energy flow on islands with rats, islands from which rats have been eradicated, and islands on which rats were historically absent. Passerine communities on islands historically without rats used nine times more energy than on islands with rats present. Despite equivalent passerine species richness, passerine energy flow was approximately half on islands from which rats had been eradicated compared to historically rat‐free islands. Because passerine energy flow was determined by community composition and not by species richness, passerine species within this community appear to be functionally complementary and not functionally redundant. At least one species, C. antarcticus, plays an irreplaceable role. Our results also document the dramatic and lingering effects of invasive species following their eradication, and the importance of species complementarity for the resilience of community properties.
The Influence of Structural Configuration on Charge Accumulation, Transport, Recombination, and Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yi , Wang Hao‐Yi , Han Jun , Yu Man , Hao Ming‐Yang , Qin Yujun , Fu Li‐Min , Zhang Jian‐Ping , Ai Xi‐Cheng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBehind the outstanding photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the correlation between the structural configuration of the PSCs and the mechanism of photoelectric conversion is still not fully understood. In this paper, two types of PSCs with different structural configurations, that is, mesoporous (meso) and planar, were prepared, and systematic optoelectronic transient studies were performed on these devices. Although the photovoltaic performances of the tested meso‐ and planar‐PSCs were comparable, the different structural configurations resulted in distinct charge dynamics and photoelectric conversion mechanisms. By taking the dynamic results into account, the influence of a meso‐TiO2 layer on charge accumulation, transport, and recombination was elucidated. More importantly, an excessively slow temporal response component in the optoelectronic transients was observed, which was proven to be linked to specific hysteresis phenomena in the PSCs. The experimental results collectively indicated that the hysteresis, which showed strong dependence on device structure and charge dynamics, was irrelevant to charge trapping or ferroelectricity but probably resulted from interfacial charge accumulation and/or ion migration. This work provides deep insight into the structure–function relationship in PSCs and highlights the effect of hysteresis on charge dynamics.
Lignin as alternative fuel: an estimate of the thermal energy generation potential from brazilian crops
Authors: José Horst Diogo , Jairo Ramírez Behainne Jhon , Paulo de Andrade Junior Pedro 
Published: August 2016

Looking for alternatives to promote the diversification of the Brazilian energy grid through the utilization of renewable fuels, this forecasting study evaluates the potential to generate thermal energy from lignins extracted of several crops in the period 2015–2021. The estimates were carried out taking into account two biomass particle size distributions (ranged between 105–500 µm and 1000–2000 µm) and two extraction methods (Klason and Willstatter) to assess the lignin yields obtained from five well‐known Brazilian crops. Results revealed that lignins obtained from the sugarcane bagasse, wood chips, and corn straw would have the highest potential to provide thermal energy when data of lignin yields, higher heating values, and crops production are considered. The estimate suggests that in 2021 this alternate fuel could supply more than 1320 × 106 GJ yr−1 of thermal energy from the five crops analyzed, owing to the expected increase of the acreage and production for the most crops studied here in the next years. Recognizing that more studies are still needed, mainly in terms of economic feasibility, results of this work warn about possible additional benefits in developing the large‐scale production of second‐generation ethanol (via hydrolysis), in which lignin fractions from several crops could be separated and recovered for using them as new energy resource. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 717–722, 2017
The freshwater bivalve Corbicula australis as a sentinel species for metal toxicity assessment: An in situ case study integrating chemical and biomarker analyses
Authors: Taylor Anne M. , Edge Katelyn J. , Ubrihien Rodney P. , Maher William A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

A weight of evidence approach in environmental assessment includes the use of biomonitor organisms to measure biologically available contaminant concentrations and lethal and sublethal responses in an exposure, dose, and response framework. Corbicula australis was assessed as a test species for metal toxicity using in situ river sediment exposures at 4 locations in the Molonglo River (New South Wales, Australia), which has a legacy of sediment metal contamination, following 8 decades of mining in its upper reaches. A sediment metal contamination gradient was evident from 12.5 km to 47 km downstream of the mine, as follows: zinc (851–130 mg/kg) &gt; lead (104–7 mg/kg) &gt; copper (31–5 mg/kg) &gt; cadmium (2–0.3 mg/kg). Exposed C. australis accumulated the following metals in tissue: zinc (1358–236 μg/g) &gt; copper (24–20 μg/g) &gt; cadmium (4.7–0.7 μg/g) = lead (4.2–1.8 μg/g). Biomarker responses showed increased sublethal impairment with increased tissue metal concentrations. Total antioxidant capacity was mildly impaired, with corresponding increased lipid peroxidation and lysosomal membrane destabilization at the higher tissue metal concentrations. Corbicula australis proved to be an effective biomonitor organism for sediment metal assessment, as it is able to accumulate metals relative to sediment concentrations and showed a pattern of increased sublethal impairment with increased tissue metal concentration. It is recommended as a suitable species for incorporation into local freshwater monitoring and assessment programs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:709–719. © 2016 SETAC
Interactions between Bt crops and aquatic ecosystems: A review
Authors: Venter Hermoine J. , Bøhn Thomas 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

The term Bt crops collectively refers to crops that have been genetically modified to include a gene (or genes) sourced from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria. These genes confer the ability to produce proteins toxic to certain insect pests. The interaction between Bt crops and adjacent aquatic ecosystems has received limited attention in research and risk assessment, despite the fact that some Bt crops have been in commercial use for 20 yr. Reports of effects on aquatic organisms such as Daphnia magna, Elliptio complanata, and Chironomus dilutus suggest that some aquatic species may be negatively affected, whereas other reports suggest that the decreased use of insecticides precipitated by Bt crops may benefit aquatic communities. The present study reviews the literature regarding entry routes and exposure pathways by which aquatic organisms may be exposed to Bt crop material, as well as feeding trials and field surveys that have investigated the effects of Bt-expressing plant material on such organisms. The present review also discusses how Bt crop development has moved past single-gene events, toward multigene stacked varieties that often contain herbicide resistance genes in addition to multiple Bt genes, and how their use (in conjunction with co-technology such as glyphosate/Roundup) may impact and interact with aquatic ecosystems. Lastly, suggestions for further research in this field are provided. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2891–2902. © 2016 SETAC
Effects of two commonly used fungicides on the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis
Authors: Vu Hung T. , Keough Michael J. , Long Sara M. , Pettigrove Vincent J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Fungicides are used widely in agriculture and have been detected in adjacent rivers and wetlands. However, relatively little is known about the potential effects of fungicides on aquatic organisms. The present study investigated the effects of 2 commonly used fungicides, the boscalid fungicide Filan® and the myclobutanil fungicide Systhane™ 400 WP, on life history traits (survival, growth, and reproduction) and energy reserves (lipid, protein, and glycogen content) of the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis under laboratory conditions, at concentrations detected in aquatic environments. Amphipods were exposed to 3 concentrations of Filan (1 μg active ingredient [a.i.]/L, 10 μg a.i./L, and 40 μg a.i./L) and Systhane (0.3 μg a.i./L, 3 μg a.i./L, and 30 μg a.i./L) over 56 d. Both fungicides had similar effects on the amphipod at the organism level. Reproduction was the most sensitive endpoint, with offspring produced in controls but none produced in any of the fungicide treatments, and total numbers of gravid females in all fungicide treatments were reduced by up to 95%. Female amphipods were more sensitive than males in terms of growth. Systhane had significant effects on survival at all concentrations, whereas significant effects of Filan on survival were observed only at 10 μg a.i./L and 40 μg a.i./L. The effects of fungicides on energy reserves of the female amphipod were different. Filan significantly reduced amphipod protein content, whereas Systhane significantly reduced the lipid content. The present study demonstrates wide-ranging effects of 2 common fungicides on an ecologically important species that has a key role in trophic transfer and nutrient recycling in aquatic environments. These results emphasize the importance of considering the long-term effects of fungicides in the risk assessment of aquatic ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:720–726. © 2016 SETAC
Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Characteristics and Cooling Performance of Mini‐ and Microheat Exchangers
Authors: Marzougui Mbarek , Nmiri Chiraz , Hammami Mahmoud , Maad Rejeb Ben 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental investigation of forced convection heat transfer in two heat sinks for electronic system cooling and investigated the comparisons of the thermal behavior of the mini‐ and microchannel heat exchangers. The hydraulic dimension of one of the heat sinks is 2 mm while that of the other is . Deionized water was used as the working fluid for studies conducted in both the heat exchangers. The effect of heat flux and volumetric flow rate (in laminar flow regime) on temperature and heat transfer coefficient is studied. Irrespective of the average heat transfer coefficient and the total thermal resistance, advantages and limitations of each device are analyzed and discussed in the light of experimental results. Furthermore, the results obtained from the experiments were in good agreement with those obtained from the design theory analyses.
Gadoxetic Acid–Enhanced MR Imaging Predicts Simeprevir‐Induced Hyperbilirubinemia During Hepatitis C Virus Treatment: A Pilot Study
Authors: Okubo Hironao , Kitamura Tsuneo , Ando Hitoshi , Fukada Hiroo , Igusa Yuki , Kokubu Shigehiro , Miyazaki Akihisa , Fujimura Akio , Shiina Shuichiro , Watanabe Sumio 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSimeprevir is a substrate for organic anion‐transporting polypeptides (OATPs) that transport bilirubin. Hyperbilirubinemia is an adverse event reported during treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients with simeprevir plus pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Because gadoxetic acid is also a substrate of OATPs, pretreatment gadoxetic acid–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may predict hyperbilirubinemia during treatment. This prospective study therefore evaluated 11 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C who underwent gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI prior to treatment with simeprevir plus pegylated interferon and ribavirin for 12 weeks, followed by pegylated interferon and ribavirin for an additional 12 weeks. Their contrast enhancement index (CEI), an index of liver parenchymal enhancement during the hepatobiliary phase, was assessed before treatment. Plasma trough concentrations (Ctrough) of simeprevir were determined 7 days after its administration, and serum bilirubin concentrations were measured throughout the course of treatment. Six patients (55%) developed hyperbilirubinemia (≥1.6 mg/dL) during treatment. Ctrough was significantly higher in patients with than without hyperbilirubinemia (P = .009), with a strong inverse relationship between CEI and Ctrough (r = ‐0.911, P < .001). CEI was significantly lower in patients with than without hyperbilirubinemia (P = .009), but there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in pretreatment serum albumin concentrations and FIB‐4 index, an index of liver fibrosis. Hepatic enhancement with gadoxetic acid was related to Ctrough of simeprevir. Gadoxetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging may predict the development of hyperbilirubinemia during treatment of hepatitis C patients with simeprevir plus pegylated interferon and ribavirin.
Abnormal dynamic community structure of the salience network in depression
Authors: Wei Maobin , Qin Jiaolong , Yan Rui , Bi Kun , Liu Chu , Yao Zhijian , Lu Qing 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo detect the consecutive variations of the internetwork interactions over time, which helps to discover the underlying dysfunction of depressive disorders. Abnormal interactions of resting‐state functional networks have been reported in depression. However, little is known regarding the dynamics of how these crucial networks interact and the disease‐related dysfunction.Materials and MethodsFunctional magnetic resonance imaging data at 3.0T in the resting state were acquired from 20 depressed patients and 20 healthy controls. Twelve resting‐state networks were extracted by group‐independent component analysis, and their interactions were calculated through a sliding windowed Granger causality model analysis. The acquired effective connectivity matrices were used to construct multislice networks with modular structures that were detected via a multislice community detection method.ResultsNo significant differences were observed in the modularity and total module numbers between the depressed patients and the healthy controls. ThePvalues were 0.133 with a confidence interval (–0.0001 0.0093) and 0.136 with a confidence interval (–0.30 0.90), respectively. However, the depressed patients exhibited decreased flexibility of the salience network (SN) compared with the controls (P = 0.048, corrected, with a confidence interval 0.0068 0.066).ConclusionSN was inclined to participate less in the multiple brain functional modules across the resting time in depression, and infrequently changed its modular allegiance. These findings support the potential importance of the SN in the neuropathological mechanism of depression.Level of Evidence:1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1135–1143
A Novel Kinetic Approach for Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye with CdS and Ag/CdS Nanoparticles Fixed on a Cement Bed in a Continuous‐Flow Photoreactor
Authors: Fard Narges Elmi , Fazaeli Reza 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAzo dyes are one of the synthetic dyes that have been used in many textile industries. Azo dye and their intermediate products are toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic to aquatic life. Removal of azo dyes is one of the main challenges before releasing the wastes discharged by textile industries. Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes by nanoparticles is one of the environment‐friendly methods used for the removal of dyes from textile effluents. Therefore, this study focused on degradation of azo dye, Direct Red 264. Photocatalytic degradation of DR 264 azo dye was investigated using CdS and Ag/CdS nanoparticles immobilized on a cement bed in a continuous‐flow photoreactor under UV‐C exposure. The effect of the parameters of type and mass of catalyst, temperature, flow rate, dye concentration, and light intensity were evaluated for azo dye removal. Under optimal conditions, photocatalytic degradation of DR 264 azo dye using Ag/CdS nanoparticles immobilized on a cement bed in a continuous‐flow photoreactor obtained an efficiency of 99.99%. A developed kinetic model was proposed based on the intrinsic elementary reactions. The proposed model is in a good agreement with the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) equation. The pseudo–steady‐state approximation has considered for the concentration of hydroxyl radicals associated with the L–H model under certain conditions and explains consistently the dependence of the apparent kinetic parameter, kobs (the reaction rate constant), and KR (the adsorption equilibrium constant) with the light intensity. Based on the model, kobs for Ag/CdS was greater than the CdS nanoparticles.
Recurrence of sinonasal inverted papilloma following surgical approach: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Jong Seung , Kwon Sam Hyun 
Published: August 2016

Objectives/HypothesisInverted papilloma (IP) is a rare benign tumor, which is found in the sinonasal area. It is characterized by recurrence, local destruction, and malignant change. Of these, recurrence is a challenging problem to many otolaryngologists. In this study, we evaluated recurrence based on the type of surgical approach using a meta‐analysis.Study DesignMEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane database.MethodsRelevant studies were identified by searching the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane through February 2016. Random‐effects models were used to estimate risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of cohort studies.ResultsOur search yielded 14 retrospective cohort studies involving a total of 696 endoscopic approaches and 444 nonendoscopic approaches. The pooled RR for IP recurrence (endoscopic vs. external approach) was 0.56 [95% CI: 0.36‐0.85, I2=48.3%]. A subgroup analysis was also performed.ConclusionsSurgical management of IP via an endoscopic approach reduces the risk of recurrence compared to an external approach. Although further data are needed, early‐ stage IP requires endoscopic or endoscopic‐assisted surgery to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:52–58, 2017
Facile Fabrication of PEGylated Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Feature via Formation of Dynamic Bonds and Their Biological Imaging Applications
Authors: Long Zi , Liu Meiying , Wan Qing , Mao Liucheng , Huang Hongye , Zeng Guangjian , Wan Yiqun , Deng Fengjie , Zhang Xiaoyong , Wei Yen 
Published: August 2016

Driven by the high demand for sensitive and specific tools for optical imaging, fluorescent nanoprobes with various working mechanisms and advanced functionalities are flourishing at an incredible speed. This work reports the design and fabrication of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FNPs) via forming dynamic phenyl borate between diol containing hydrophobic AIE dye (APD‐PhCHO) and phenylboronic acid pendant hydrophilic polymers (PEGMA‐VPBA) within 30 min. The final AIE‐active APD‐PhCHO‐PEGMA‐VPBA FNPs display high water dispersibility and strong fluorescence emission because of their amphiphilic properties and AIE feature. Biological evaluation suggests that APD‐PhCHO‐PEGMA‐VPBA FNPs possess negative effect on HeLa cells and desirable optical properties for biological imaging. More importantly, phenyl borate is a dynamic bond with pH and glucose responsiveness. Furthermore, different functions can be designed and introduced into these AIE‐active systems through adoption of different monomers for good applicability of free radical polymerization. Therefore, this work provides a novel platform for preparation of multifunctional AIE‐active nanosystems with responsiveness for various biomedical applications.
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Two cases of chronic immune sensorimotor polyradiculopathy: Expanding the spectrum of chronic immune polyradiculopathies
Authors: Khadilkar Satish , Patel Bhagyadhan , Mansukhani Khushnuma A. , Jaggi Sunila 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Immune‐mediated demyelinating radiculopathies restricted to proximal sensory or motor roots are uncommon. Methods: We report the clinical, electrophysiological, biochemical, and radiological features in 2 patients with chronic immune sensorimotor polyradiculopathy (CISMP). Results: The patients presented with sensory ataxia, weakness of the lower limbs, and areflexia. Electrophysiological studies revealed involvement of proximal sensorimotor roots, as evidenced by changes in somatosensory evoked potentials, F‐waves, and H‐reflexes. In contrast, the distal nerve segments were normal. Magnetic resonance neurography findings of thickened and enhanced roots supported the electrophysiological findings. The response to immunosuppressive therapy was favorable in both patients. Conclusion: The findings from these 2 patients further expand the knowledge spectrum of immune polyradiculopathies. Muscle Nerve 55:135–137, 2017
Translation, cross‐cultural adaptation, and validation of the french version of the 15‐item Myasthenia Gravis Quality Of life scale
Authors: Birnbaum Simone , Ghout Idir , Demeret Sophie , Bolgert Francis , Eymard Bruno , Sharshar Tarek , Portero Pierre , Hogrel Jean‐Yves 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Evaluation of quality of life (QOL) has become essential in healthcare. Currently no MG‐specific QOL measure exists in French. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the French version of the 15‐Item Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life Scale (MG‐QOL15) scale for French myasthenia patients. Methods: Translation and cross‐cultural adaption of the MG‐QOL15 was performed, followed by reliability and validity evaluations. Results: One hundred and twenty‐five patients were included. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach α = 0.92) as was test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.96). Concurrent validity was good for both clinical scores (myasthenic muscle score: ρ = –0.52, P < 0.001; Myasthenia Gravis–Activities of Daily Living scale score: ρ = 0.62, P < 0.001). Correlations were strongest for overall QOL (ρ = 0.62, P < 0.001) and physical health (ρ = 0.67, P < 0.001) on the World Health Organization Quality of Life short score (WHO‐QOL BREF). Conclusion: The French version of the MG‐QOL15 is valid and reliable and is now available for use with French‐speaking patients. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 55: 639–645, 2017