bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Device to circuit level implementation of JL-NSFET for DC/analog/RF applications at sub-5nm technology node: design optimization and temperature analysis
Authors: Bheemudu Vadthya , Vaithiyanathan Dhandapani , Kaur Baljit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This manuscript introduces, for the first time, a novel approach that incorporates a comprehensive analysis of sheet variations (1–5) and every individual sheet wise temperature variation, and as well as an investigation of various GS high-k gate dielectrics in Junction-less (JL) Nanosheet FET (JL-NSFET). The study starting from device level (Digital/Analog/Radio Frequency) to circuit (CMOS Inverter and ring oscillator) as a whole package is investigated through well calibrated TCAD simulation and the results portrayed. NSFETs are the ultimate choice for integrated circuits (ICs) at sub-5 nm technology node. The notion of this paper is to design and optimization of NSFET with GS high-k gate dielectrics (Al2O3, HfO2, ZrO2 and TiO2) Initially. The switching/analog and RF metric revels that HfO2 is superior in terms SS, switching applications and more compactable with CMOS process. Further, adding number of sheets and temperature variation has been done later. As number of sheets increases, the effective channel width increases, electric field distribution takes place evenly and enhanced gate control owing to improved

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SS and DIBL. However, increasing the number of vertical channel layers (sheets) more than 2 results into diminished analog/RF performance of JL-NSFET owing to increased parasitic capacitances. Further, the impact of temperature variations (250 K to 450 K) studied for different sheet variations (1 to 5) and noticed that analog/RF such as gm, gds, fT, TFP and GTFP are enhanced by 40.82%, 28.76%, 40.69%, 64.62% and 70.59%, respectively at lower temperature (250 K) when compared to high temperature (450 K). These enhancements make the device is ideal for applications in cryogenic computing systems, satellites, deep space probes, and other aerospace technologies. Furthermore, as the circuit level implementation CMOS inverter and 5-stage ring oscillator (RO) are examined for different sheets and observed as sheets increase delay and EDP increases. For a CMOS inverter the NMH (0.295 V) and NML (0.280 V) are better at 2 sheets with a highest gain of 9.38 V/V. Hence, it is advised to use two or three sheets-based JL-NSFETs for high-performance and lower-power analog/RF applications.
Liquid vortex surface deformation probed by light reflection
Authors: Vu Danh Tien , Hoang Le Phuong , Tao Khoa Dang , Nguyen Nhu Thanh , Nguyen Cuc Thi Kim , Cao Binh Xuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We propose a method that combines an optical system with image processing techniques to scrutinize the dependence of liquid vortex deformation on varying angular velocity based on light reflection on liquid surfaces due to dynamic wettability. In our experiment, a broadened and collimated laser beam is directed onto curved surfaces, providing information on the vortex parameters through the analysis of the reflected beam profile. Additionally, the physical model of the liquid surface in a rotating cylinder before dewetting is examined. We investigate the liquid vortex forms of a saline solution and propylene glycol across various angular velocities, comparing them to the ideal parabolic vortex surface shape. The results show that, under the same experimental conditions, the vortex profiles of both solutions are equivalent. The vortex surface shape at certain angular velocity values, as determined by fitting plots, closely resembles a parabola, with R2 > 99%. The proposed method introduces a new approach for characterizing the dynamics of liquids as well as monitoring natural phenomena.
Chlorophyll films for radiation dosimetry: a feasibility study
Authors: Chand Bhagat , Priyamvda  , Prasher Sangeeta , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Novel Chlorophyll-PVA composite films have been prepared and tested for the dosimetry of therapeutic radiation. The radiation response has been quantified using UV–vis spectroscopy. FTIR and XRD spectroscopies have been used to characterize the physical properties and irradiation response of the films. The films have shown response towards the therapeutic x-rays beams of 6 MV nominal energy in the tested dose range of 0.25 Gy to 32 Gy in discrete dose levels occurring in the geometric progression series of 2. The dosimeter has been found to exhibit sensitivity at a low dose of 0.25 Gy. The dose response curve of the dosimeter exhibits an exponential relationship of the absorbance and absorbed dose. A region of saturated absorbance has been observed beyond 4 Gy. The peak intensities of the FTIR spectra have been found to decrease with increasing doses as compared to the unirradiated samples, because of the changes in the bond polarities and molecular geometries. The XRD spectra indicates a change in the molecular orientation resulting in a decrease in peak intensity with increasing dose. This study indicates the feasibility of chl-PVA films in the dosimetry of therapeutic radiation. This film dosimeter can be processed locally with minimum resources and standardized against a known standard before clinical use. The chlorophyll molecules need careful handling owing to their sensitivity to light and temperature.
Viable wormhole structures and energy conditions in f(Q, T) theory
Authors: Zeeshan Gul M , Sharif M , Shahid Shajee , Javed Faisal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper explores static wormhole solutions in f(Q, T) theory, where Q is the non-metricity and T is the trace of energy-momentum tensor. We derive the field equations that describe gravitational phenomena in the existence of non-metricity and matter source terms We examine different models of this theory to determine the explicit expressions of matter contents, which are useful for analyzing the wormhole structures. We investigate the existence of feasible traversable wormhole solutions for constant and variable redshift functions. To determine whether physically viable wormhole geometry exists, we examine the graphical interpretation of energy constraints for different values of model parameters. It is found that realistic traversable and stable wormhole solutions exist only for the first model of this gravity.
Device structural engineering and modelling of emerging III-nitride/β-Ga2O3 nano-HEMT for high-power and THz electronics
Authors: Rao G Purnachandra , Lenka Trupti Ranjan , Vadalà Valeria , Nguyen Hieu Pham Trung 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
III-nitrides, such as gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminium nitride (AlN), possess a wide bandgap, a high breakdown voltage, and a high thermal conductivity, making them an attractive choice for high frequency and high-power applications. A further benefit of III-nitride-based HEMTs is their high current density, low noise figure, and higher electron mobility, which enable efficient radio-frequency signal amplification. In this research work, the polarization induced graded buffer technique and improved lattice matched β-Ga2O3 substrate is employed to minimize the buffer-related issues in III-Nitride Nano-HEMTs (high electron mobility transistors), such as reduction in the buffer leakage current losses. The polarization-induced doping in buffer region can considerably reduce the buffer leakage current, enhance breakdown voltage and RF characteristics, and bend the conduction band upwardly convex, improving two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confinement. A detailed comparison between the graded buffer technique of the HEMT and the HEMT having normal buffer has been conducted. The results demonstrated that the suggested HEMT demonstrated better DC and RF characteristics up to the Tera (1012) hertz range of frequencies. The improved characteristics of the proposed HEMT allow it to be a feasible solution for emerging technologies and cutting-edge communication systems that require efficient signal processing at very high frequencies.
A novel miniaturized metamaterial inspired frequency reconfigurable antenna with switchable polarization for sub 6 GHz band
Authors: V Lavanya , C Rimmya , R K Rabin Kanisha , M Ganesh Madhan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A metamaterial-inspired frequency reconfigurable antenna with switchable polarization realized for 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 5.8 GHz frequencies, is reported in this work. Initially, a conventional rectangular patch is designed to resonate at 3.5 GHz. A regular square-shaped SRR (Split Ring Resonator) is a metamaterial-inspired structure that excites additional resonance at 5.8 GHz, without increasing the antenna form factor. Further, a parasitic patch is introduced to create one resonance at 2.4 GHz. Reconfigurability of frequency and polarization is achieved using MPP4203 series PIN diodes. The antenna is simulated using CST Microwave Studio Suite 2019. The designed antenna, characterized by reflection coefficient and bandwidth is analysed for three diode states. The devised antenna operates at 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 5.8 GHz, with a maximum bandwidth of 346.2 MHz at the 5.8 GHz frequency band. The radiator outperformed other similar antennas reported in the literature in terms of antenna size, bandwidth, and frequency cum polarization reconfigurability.
Unraveling the role of exercise in cancer suppression: insights from a mathematical model
Authors: Taylor Jay , Bagarti T , Kumar Niraj 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recent experimental studies have shown that physical exercise has the potential to suppress tumor progression. Such suppression has been reported to be mediated by the exercise-induced activation of natural killer (NK) cells through the release of IL-6, a cytokine. Aimed at shedding light on how exercise-induced NK cell activation helps in the suppression of cancer, we developed a coarse-grained mathematical model based on a system of ordinary differential equations describing the interaction between IL-6, NK-cells, and tumor cells. The model is then used to study how exercise duration and exercise intensity affect tumor suppression. Our results show that increasing exercise intensity or increasing exercise duration leads to greater and sustained tumor suppression. Furthermore, multi-bout exercise patterns hold promise for improving cancer treatment strategies by adjusting exercise intensity and frequency. Thus, the proposed mathematical model provides insights into the role of exercise in tumor suppression and can be instrumental in guiding future experimental studies, potentially leading to more effective exercise interventions.
Task-oriented EEG denoising generative adversarial network for enhancing SSVEP-BCI performance
Authors: Zeng Pu , Fan Liangwei , Luo You , Shen Hui , Hu Dewen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. The quality of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals directly impacts the performance of brain–computer interface (BCI) tasks. Many methods have been proposed to eliminate noise from EEG signals, but most of these methods focus solely on signal denoising itself, disregarding the impact on subsequent tasks, which deviates from the original intention of EEG denoising. The main objective of this study is to optimize EEG denoising models with a purpose of improving the performance of BCI tasks. Approach. To this end, we proposed an innovative task-oriented EEG denoising generative adversarial network (TOED-GAN) method. This network utilizes the generator of GAN to decompose and reconstruct clean signals from the raw EEG signals, and the discriminator to learn to distinguish the generated signals from the true clean signals, resulting in a remarkable increase of the signal-to-noise ratio by simultaneously enhancing task-related components and removing task-irrelevant noise from the original contaminated signals. Main results. We evaluated the performance of the model on a public dataset and a self-collected dataset respectively, with canonical correlation analysis classification tasks of the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based BCI. Experimental results demonstrate that TOED-GAN exhibits excellent performance in removing EEG noise and improving performance for SSVEP-BCI, with accuracy improvement rates reaching 18.47% and 21.33% in contrast to the baseline methods of convolutional neural networks, respectively. Significance. This work proves that the proposed TOED-GAN, as an EEG denoising method tailored for SSVEP tasks, contributes to enhancing the performance of BCIs in practical application scenarios.
Learning curves for deep structured Gaussian feature models*
Authors: Zavatone-Veth Jacob A , Pehlevan Cengiz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In recent years, significant attention in deep learning theory has been devoted to analyzing when models that interpolate their training data can still generalize well to unseen examples. Many insights have been gained from studying models with multiple layers of Gaussian random features, for which one can compute precise generalization asymptotics. However, few works have considered the effect of weight anisotropy; most assume that the random features are generated using independent and identically distributed Gaussian weights, and allow only for structure in the input data. Here, we use the replica trick from statistical physics to derive learning curves for models with many layers of structured Gaussian features. We show that allowing correlations between the rows of the first layer of features can aid generalization, while structure in later layers is generally detrimental. Our results shed light on how weight structure affects generalization in a simple class of solvable models.
An Optimization Design of Piezoelectric Hair Sensor for Oscillatory Flow Detection
Authors: Yu Yueyue , Xu Jinyong , Wang Yan , Zhong Ren , Hu Renqiu , Wang Zhou , Wu Xingchi , Zhang Zhanbiao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Biological hair is widely found in nature, and they are responsible for sensing and responding to environmental stimuli in living organisms. By simulating biological hair characteristics, they develop hair flow sensor to achieve high sensitivity detection of environmental factors such as small motion and fluid flow field. Output signal is the key indicator of hair flow sensor, and the improvement of output signal is important to the design of hair flow sensor. The existing hair flow sensor sensing structure is generally straight hair, and the output signal is limited by the structure, and the response is small. Using the direct piezoelectric fiber as the initial configuration, we form a new piezoelectric curved fiber by modeling the secondary spline curve and control point. We propose an optimization model for piezoelectric functional hair design using axial strain as a target function. At 100Hz and 500Hz, the output voltage of the optimized model is much higher than that of straight, 10 times and 7 times that of straight, respectively; An optimized curved hair configuration is obtained in a specific frequency band from 1 Hz to 500 Hz, whose average voltage magnitude of 3.1×10−3 V is 4 times greater than that of the straight hair of 7.8×10−4 V with the same size. The curved hair flow sensor breaks the output limitation of traditional straight hair configuration.
Measuring hydrologic regime alterations and hydrodynamic characteristics in the Xijiang River Basin by the IHA-RVA method
Authors: Wang Sen , Liu Xia , Wang Xiayu , Jia Wenhao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An objective assessment of hydrological alterations is crucial for comprehensive water resource management, environmental protection, river ecosystem restoration, and integrated watershed water resource management. To quantitatively assess the ecological hydrologic regime alterations in the Xijiang River Basin in southern China considering the impacts from Longtan Reservoir, daily runoff data from two hydrological stations, Dahuangjiangkou and Wuzhou, are selected from 1973 to 2020. The changes in the flow are analyzed, and the indicators of hydrological alternation/range of variability approach (IHA-RVA) are employed to assess the hydrological regime alternations in the studied basin. The main findings are as follows: (1) Both stations show a decreasing trend in annual runoff, with the moving T-test detecting a change point in the runoff series in 2002. (2) The two stations’ overall hydrologic alteration degrees are 57% and 60%, with a more remarkable variation in the upstream area. Hydrological station changes tend to wane as the distance from the reservoir increases, which indicates that with the increased reservoir-station distance, the impact of the reservoir on the hydrologic process diminishes.
Hydrodynamic analysis of a semi-submersible fish farming cage platform integrated with an oscillating water column wave energy converter
Authors: Yang Mengcheng , Du Zhichang , Chen Xiaokun , Lai Jiaxiong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This research article describes an investigation into integrating semi-submersible farm cages with oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converters. The objective is to optimize the structural parameters of the platform through an examination of the impacts of three float structures. The AQWA hydrodynamic simulation software is employed to develop a numerical model to analyze the hydrodynamic properties of the semi-submersible farming platform. The findings suggest that the response to the heavy degree of freedom is positively correlated with the size of the floating structure. In contrast, the response of the roll degree of freedom is negatively correlated within a specific range. The results of this study establish a theoretical framework that can be utilized to optimize the design of semi-submersible farming platforms that integrate OWC technology.
Numerical simulation of the GPSD with different Length-to-Width ratios in dynamic water environment
Authors: Song Ruiming , Ding Youbin , Liu Lei , Zheng Lan , Li Fangling , Yu Lei , Ge Weijian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The gill-piece separation device (GPSD) is small, compact, and cost-effective in agricultural irrigation. To explore the influence of different length-to-width ratios on the water-sand two-phase flow field in the GPSD, numerical simulations of the velocity field and concentration field in the GPSD with different length-to-width ratios are conducted in a dynamic water environment by using the CFX software with the mixture model and RNG k – ε model. By comparing and analyzing the computational results, it is found that compared to the length-to-width ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1, the environment inside the gill-piece separation device with a ratio of 4:1 is more stable, and the formation of countercurrents is more pronounced; under dynamic water conditions, as the length-to-width ratio increases, the separation efficiency of the GPSD for water and sand increases. Among them, the water-sand separation efficiency of the GPSD with a ratio of 4:1 is the highest, reaching 90.41%, which is 2.26, 1.25, and 1.11 times higher than those of the ratios 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1, respectively.
Experimental study of combustion characteristics fuelled with biodiesel/diesel blends in high-pressure common rail electronically controlled diesel engines
Authors: Luo Li , Chen Ping , Wang Yin , Zhang Ping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Under the pressure of petroleum shortage and more stringent vehicle emission regulations at present, finding green and renewable alternative fuels has become an important research direction for the internal combustion engine. Due to the increment in oil imports, it is urgent to find a clean alternative fuel that will meet the diesel power and economic performance requirements. Biodiesel, with its renewable characteristics and wide resources, was considered, applied, and promoted extensively. The biodiesel studied in this paper is acidified oil biodiesel. The composition and ratio of acidified oil biodiesel were detected. The physicochemical indexes of acidified oil biodiesel/diesel fuel blends were measured and compared. In the electronically controlled high-pressure common rail diesel engine on different blending ratios of biodiesel/diesel fuel blends for a bench test, we analyze the combustion and characteristics. The results indicate that with the increasing biodiesel proportion, the peak of the premixed combustion and diffusion combustion in the cylinder increase, the combustion start point advances, the combustion duration shortens, and the maximum combustion temperature rises.
A control strategy of DC transmission system for offshore wind power based on hybrid converters
Authors: Peng Guangqiang , Song Yantao , Wu Jiyang , Huang Zhidi , Chen Lixin , Gong Ze 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As the DC transmission system of modular multilevel converters for offshore wind power suffers problems like large volume, heavy weight, difficulty in platform transportation, and high cost, a DC transmission scheme for offshore wind power based on diode rectifier units and modular multilevel converters is put forth in the present work; Meanwhile, the features of active-power coordination, the DC harmonic current, and the AC harmonic current of the hybrid converter in this proposed scheme are analyzed to propose control strategies for active power coordination control, DC harmonic current suppression, and AC harmonic current suppression of the hybrid converter, respectively. The performance and feasibility of the proposed strategies are verified by testing the hardware in the loop real-time simulation system for transmission of offshore wind power through hybrid converters based on RTDS. It is found that the proposed strategies could improve the stability, flexibility, and reliability of the system.
Research on the influence of rigid body modes on the operating vibration of arc gate
Authors: Li Qin , Ding Peng , Ma Guangfei , Qiu Congwei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The 5# arc working gate of Jiangshan Wanyao Reservoir is composed of the suspension system of the gate and the steel wire rope, which has a serious vibration phenomenon when running without water. Firstly, the rigid body modal analysis of the gate suspension system is analyzed, the position size of key components such as gate support hinge shaft, gate motion guide embedded parts, and main beam position state is measured and evaluated on site, and the dynamic stress and vibration of the support arm are tested and analyzed during gate operation. It is concluded that the influence rule and weight of the steel wire rope on the rigid body mode of the gate, the torsional position of the gate, and the uneven operation condition of the side guide lead to the rigid body mode of the gate. It is suggested to improve the twisting state of the gate, adjust the unevenness of the embedded parts, and weaken the factors that induce the modal vibration of the rigid body.
Design and performance analysis of carbon brush collector ring end-face contact for hydro generator
Authors: Lv Yaru , Zhao Xinze , Li Chenshi , Zhao Meiyun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In hydro generators, the conventional radial contact method often results in unstable contact between carbon brush collector rings due to collector ring deflection. This paper presents a novel end-face contact method designed to enhance stability. The trajectory equations of the brush/ring contact are established when the collector ring swings and the “loss of contact” gaps of the two contact methods are compared. Further comparative analysis is conducted on the current-carrying friction wear of carbon brushes and collector rings in two contact modes. The results show that compared with the radial contact method, the brush/ring in the end-face contact method has a smaller gap and shorter time, the carbon brushes are less susceptible to spark erosion, the increase in friction coefficient and wear rate is small, and the contact resistance is lower and more stable. Scanning electron microscope analysis also shows that the spark erosion on the surface of the carbon brushes in the end contact mode is significantly weaker than that in the radial contact mode.