bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between intratumoral and peritumoral M2 macrophage counts and cervical squamous cell carcinoma invasion patterns
Authors: Li Yuan , Huang Gaosheng , Zhang Shaohua 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo study the correlation between M2 tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and invasion patterns in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissues.MethodsIn the present observational study, two commercial SCC tissue microarrays were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016. CD163‐positive cells in a cervical SCC tissue microarray were identified. Tissue samples were stratified into groups based on a pushing border pattern (PBP), a diffuse infiltration pattern (DIP), or non‐tumorous tissues included as a control group; M2 TAM numbers and distributions were compared.ResultsThe microarrays included 109 cervical SCC samples and 45 non‐tumorous control samples. The mean number of intratumoral M2 TAMs in cervical SCC tissue samples (35.8 ± 28.3) was significantly higher than the number of intraepithelial M2 TAMs in non‐tumorous cervical samples (1.2 ± 3.6) (P<0.001); similarly, the number of peritumoral M2 TAMs in cervical SCC (44.7 ± 29.4) was higher than in non‐tumorous cervical tissues (10.4 ± 9.2) (P<0.001). The numbers of intratumoral (P=0.046) and peritumoral (P=0.002) M2 TAMs were higher among the DIP group compared with the PBP group.ConclusionA close relationship was identified between M2 TAMs and invasion patterns in cervical SCC. Further, M2 TAM infiltration was more pronounced in DIP compared with PBP SCC tissue samples.
Prospective study of the effect of maternal body mass index on labor progress in nulliparous women in Egypt
Authors: Maged Ahmed M. , Belal Doaa S. , Marie Heba M. , Rashwan Hamsa , Abdelaziz Suzy , Gabr Amir A. , Elzayat Ahmed R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of maternal body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) on labor progress in nulliparous women.MethodsThe present prospective cohort study enrolled primigravidae admitted to Kasr Al Ainy hospital, Cairo University, Egypt, during active labor between February 1, 2016, and February 28, 2017. Patients were classified into three equal groups using their BMI at admission: underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5–29.9), and obese (≥30). The primary outcome was the rate of cervical dilatation; secondary outcomes included the duration of the second stage of labor, neonatal delivery weight, and the mode of delivery.ResultsAmong the 600 primigravidae enrolled (200 in each group), significant differences were recorded in the rates of cervical dilatation (P<0.001), and the duration of the active labor phase (P<0.001) and the whole of labor (P<0.001); in the obese group, the cervical dilatation rate was lowest and the durations of the active phase of labor and the whole of labor were longer. The incidence of intrapartum cesarean delivery (P<0.001) and neonatal delivery weight (P<0.001) also differed between the groups; both were highest in the obese group.ConclusionsPatterns in labor progress, including cervical dilatation rate and labor duration, differed among patients with different BMI.
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02686073.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Anacetrapib Following Single Doses in Healthy, Young Japanese and White Male Subjects
Authors: Krishna Rajesh , Gheyas Ferdous , Liu Yang , Cote Josee , Laterza Omar , Ruckle Jon L. , Wagner John A. , Denker Andrew E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAnacetrapib is a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor being developed for the treatment of mixed dyslipidemia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety characteristics of anacetrapib following single doses in healthy, young Japanese men. In a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, 3‐panel, single‐rising‐dose study, 6 healthy young Japanese male or white male subjects (aged 19 to 44 years) received single oral doses of 5 to 500 mg anacetrapib, and 2 received placebo. Plasma and urine drug concentrations were measured 0–168 hours postdose, and plasma CETP inhibition was measured 0–24 hours postdose. Urinary anacetrapib levels were all below quantitation limits. Plasma concentrations of anacetrapib increased approximately less than dose‐proportionally. Consumption of a traditional Japanese breakfast prior to dosing increased the plasma pharmacokinetics of anacetrapib in Japanese subjects compared with fasted conditions, to a similar extent as in white subjects. CETP activity measured over 0–24 hours postdose resulted in significant inhibition. Anacetrapib was generally well tolerated, and there were no serious adverse experiences. No clinically meaningful differences in PK and CETP inhibition parameters were found between Japanese and white subjects.
A Pathogenic Mechanism Potentially Operative in Multiple Progressive Diseases and Its Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Re Richard N. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA variety of peptide signaling moieties that we have termed intracrines can act in the interiors of their cells of synthesis or of target cells after internalization. These intracrine factors are known to be upregulated in such disorders as diabetic nephropathy, systolic heart failure, and age‐related macular degeneration. Indeed, a similar set of intracrines is upregulated in each of these disorders, suggesting a commonality of mechanism. In addition, several chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease involve intercellular trafficking of intracellular disease‐causing proteins. These disorders can be considered intracrine‐like. Here the mechanistic and therapeutic implications of these observations, and of the relevant modes of intracrine action, are discussed, including the possibility that similar therapeutic approaches could be effective in multiple progressive disorders and the implications of these observations for intracrine pharmacology in general.
Delphi consensus on bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an evolutionary cul‐de‐sac or the birth pangs of a new technical framework?
Authors: Iwashita Yukio , Hibi Taizo , Ohyama Tetsuji , Umezawa Akiko , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Asbun Horacio J. , Pitt Henry A. , Han Ho‐Seong , Hwang Tsann‐Long , Suzuki Kenji , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Choi In‐Seok , Yoon Dong‐Sup , Huang Wayne Shih‐Wei , Yoshida Masahiro , Wakabayashi Go , Miura Fumihiko , Okamoto Kohji , Endo Itaru , de Santibañes Eduardo , Giménez Mariano Eduardo , Windsor John A. , Garden O. James , Gouma Dirk J. , Cherqui Daniel , Belli Giulio , Dervenis Christos , Deziel Daniel J. , Jonas Eduard , Jagannath Palepu , Supe Avinash Nivritti , Singh Harjit , Liau Kui‐Hin , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Chan Angus C. W. , Lau Wan Yee , Fan Sheung Tat , Chen Miin‐Fu , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Honda Goro , Sugioka Atsushi , Asai Koji , Wada Keita , Mori Yasuhisa , Higuchi Ryota , Misawa Takeyuki , Watanabe Manabu , Matsumura Naoki , Rikiyama Toshiki , Sata Naohiro , Kano Nobuyasu , Tokumura Hiromi , Kimura Taizo , Kitano Seigo , Inomata Masafumi , Hirata Koichi , Sumiyama Yoshinobu , Inui Kazuo , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBile duct injury (BDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains a serious iatrogenic surgical complication. BDI most often occurs as a result of misidentification of the anatomy; however, clinical evidence on its precise mechanism and surgeons’ perceptions is scarce. Surgeons from Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the USA, etc. (n = 614) participated in a questionnaire regarding their BDI experience and near‐misses; and perceptions on landmarks, intraoperative findings, and surgical techniques. Respondents voted for a Delphi process and graded each item on a five‐point scale. The consensus was built when ≥80% of overall responses were 4 or 5. Response rates for the first‐ and second‐round Delphi were 60.6% and 74.9%, respectively. Misidentification of local anatomy accounted for 76.2% of BDI. Final consensus was reached on: (1) Effective retraction of the gallbladder, (2) Always obtaining critical view of safety, and (3) Avoiding excessive use of electrocautery/clipping as vital procedures; and (4) Calot's triangle area and (5) Critical view of safety as important landmarks. For (6) Impacted gallstone and (7) Severe fibrosis/scarring in Calot's triangle, bail‐out procedures may be indicated. A consensus was reached among expert surgeons on relevant landmarks and intraoperative findings and appropriate surgical techniques to avoid BDI.
Long‐term sequelae of hippocampal lesions in patients with transient global amnesia: A multiparametric MRI study
Authors: Wang Xiaochuan , Zhang Ran , Wei Wenping , Jiang Haibo , Gao Zhongming , Lin Jianzhong , Zhang Jiaxing 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDMRI signal diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensity in the hippocampus in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) are resolved within several days after the onset of TGA.PURPOSETo use multiparametric MRI to unravel the sequelae of TGA.STUDY TYPEA prospective longitudinal study.POPULATIONEight TGA patients.FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCEA 3.0T Siemens Tim Trio MRI scanner with T1‐weighted MPRAGE, diffusion‐weighted echo planar imaging, and multiecho gradient‐recalled echo sequences.ASSESSMENTBrain MRI scanned within 72 hours, 2 weeks, and 3 months after onset of TGA, respectively. T1 image hippocampus was first segmented into 12 subregions using FreeSurfer and registered to DWI to locate DWI lesion. Then a T1 image with segmented hippocampus was registered to its corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, fractional anisotropy (FA) map, and quantitative susceptibility map, respectively. Finally, the volume, water diffusion and anisotropy, and magnetic susceptibility of DWI lesion were analyzed.STATISTICAL TESTSA paired samples t‐test was performed to detect measurement differences between three tests. Pearson correlation was used to assess the correlations between all measurements.RESULTSHyperintensity was detected in the head, body, and caudate of CA1 and hippocampal tail. No significant changes existed in CA1/unit volume across the three timepoint measurements (all, P > 0.480). In Test 1, ratio ADC (DWI lesion / adjacent healthy, rADC) and ratio FA (rFA) decreased below, while ratio susceptibility increased above 1.0. In Test 2, all the episodes normalized around 1.0. In Test 3, rADC remained normalization, but rFA decreased and ratio susceptibility increased again. In Test 1 and Test 3 (vs. Test 2), decreased FA values were accompanied with lower axial diffusivity and/or higher radial diffusivity (all, P < 0.001). Moreover, rFA significantly correlated with ratio susceptibility in Test 3 (r = −0.665, P = 0.039).DATA CONCLUSIONMicrostructural sequelae in hippocampus were demonstrated, which indicates that ischemic lesions may be associated with TGA.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1350–1358.
Vascular Pattern Analysis on Microvascular Sonography for Differentiation of Pleomorphic Adenomas and Warthin Tumors of Salivary Glands
Authors: Ryoo Inseon , Suh Sangil , Lee Young Hen , Seo Hyung Suk , Seol Hae Young , Woo Jeong‐Soo , Kim Soo Chin 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesPleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors are the most common salivary gland tumors. It is important to differentiate between them because at least a partial parotidectomy is necessary for pleomorphic adenomas, whereas enucleation is sufficient for Warthin tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of vascular pattern analysis using microvascular sonography to differentiate between the tumors.MethodsSixty‐two patients with pathologically proven pleomorphic adenomas (n = 38) and Warthin tumors (n = 24) were included. For all tumors, grayscale, power Doppler, and microvascular sonographic examinations were performed. Differences in vascular patterns (vascular distribution and internal vascularity) on power Doppler and microvascular sonography as well as grayscale sonographic features (size, shape, border, echogenicity, heterogeneity, and cystic change) between pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors were evaluated. A comparison of diagnostic performances of grayscale sonography with power Doppler sonography and grayscale sonography with microvascular sonography was performed. The level of interobserver agreement between 2 reviewers in diagnosing tumors was evaluated.ResultsNo grayscale sonographic features showed a significant difference between the tumors. Vascular distributions and internal vascularity on power Doppler sonography (P = .01 and .002) and microvascular sonography (both P < .001) were all significantly different. The diagnostic accuracy of grayscale sonography with microvascular sonography (79.0%) was higher than that of grayscale sonography with power Doppler sonography (72.6%). This difference was significant according to the McNemar test (P = .004). Interobserver agreement was excellent in diagnosing tumors on both grayscale sonography with power Doppler sonography (κ = 0.83) and grayscale sonography with microvascular sonography (κ = 0.94).ConclusionsVascular pattern analysis using microvascular sonography with other sonographic features is helpful for differentiating between pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors.
Homogeneity study of proton and carbon ion scanning beams using combinations of different spot sizes and grid sizes
Authors: Xing Ying , Wu Xianwei , Li Yongqiang , Zhao Jun 
Published: September 2017

PurposeDifferent scanning ion beam delivery systems have different delivery accuracies, and the resulting delivery errors will affect field homogeneity. This study was performed to determine an appropriate combination of spot size (FWHM) and spot grid size (GS), which can provide homogenous dose distributions for both proton and carbon ion scanning beam radiotherapy. The combination of the two parameters is represented by a combination factor named n, which is the quotient of FWHM divided by GS.MethodsDelivery uncertainties of our beam delivery system were analyzed using log files from the treatment of 28 patients. Square fields for different n values were simulated with and without considering the delivery uncertainties, and the homogeneity of these square fields was analyzed. All spots were located on a rectilinear grid with equal spacing in the x and y directions. In addition to the simulations, we performed experimental measurements using both protons and carbon ions. We selected six energy levels for both proton and carbon ions. For each energy level, we created six square field plans with different n values (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5). These plans were delivered and the field homogeneity was determined using a film measurement.ResultsThe simulations demonstrated that under ideal condition (i.e., the delivery system has no delivery errors), the homogeneity is within 3% when n ≥ 1.1. When delivery uncertainties were included in the simulation, the homogeneity is within 3% when n ≥ 2.3. For film measurements, homogeneity under 3% was achieved when n ≥ 2.5.ConclusionA practical method to determine the appropriate combination of spot size and grid size is here presented. Considering the uncertainties of the beam delivery system, an n value of 2.5 is good enough to meet the lateral homogeneity requests in our center. The methods used here can be easily repeated in other particle therapy centers.
Recent advances in scaling‐down sampling methods in machine learning
Authors: ElRafey Amr , Wojtusiak Janusz 
Published: September 2017

Data sampling methods have been investigated for decades in the context of machine learning and statistical algorithms, with significant progress made in the past few years driven by strong interest in big data and distributed computing. Most recently, progress has been made in methods that can be broadly categorized into random sampling including density‐biased and nonuniform sampling methods; active learning methods, which are a type of semi‐supervised learning and an area of intense research; and progressive sampling methods which can be viewed as a combination of the above two approaches. A unified view of scaling‐down sampling methods is presented in this article and complemented with descriptions of relevant published literature. WIREs Comput Stat 2017, 9:e1414. doi: 10.1002/wics.1414This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Sampling
Effect of Penile Traction and Vacuum Erectile Device for Peyronie’s Disease in an Animal Model
Authors: Lin Haocheng , Liu Chunhui , Wang Run 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundPenile traction therapy with the use of a traction device (TD) or vacuum erectile device (VED) has been studied as local modalities for Peyronie’s disease (PD).AimTo identify changes of penile curvature, erectile function, and possible cellular and molecular mechanisms between the TD and VED in a rat model of PD.MethodsPeyronie’s plaque was induced in 30 adult male rats. Then, rats were randomly divided into control (PD without treatment), VED, and TD groups. In the VED group, vacuum pressure was applied to the cylinder to induce penile engorgement inside the cylinder for 1 minute. The penis was allowed to deflate completely for another 1 minute. This was repeated for five cycles (inflate and deflate). In the TD group, the rat penis was straightened by a suspended tension gauge at the same tension by clamping the prepuce. This was performed three times per day at 20 minutes per session, with 5-minute intervals between sessions. The entire treatment duration was 4 weeks.OutcomesPenile curvature, intracavernosal pressure, and mean arterial pressure were measured. Immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β1 and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 were performed.ResultsThe TD and VED groups had less penile curvature compared with the control group (15.3 ± 5.3° for TD, 28.4 ± 6.8° for VED, 38.6 ± 10.5° for control; P &lt; .001 for TD vs control, P &lt; .05 for VED vs control). The TD group also had less penile curvature compared with the VED group (P &lt; .05). The VED group had a higher ratio of intracavernosal pressure to mean arterial pressure compared with the two other groups (0.56 ± 0.10 for VED, 0.38 ± 0.06 for TD, 0.32 ± 0.07 for control; P &lt; .001). The immunohistochemistry results showed the VED group had more preserved α-smooth muscle actin with less transforming growth factor-β1 and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 than the TD and control groups in the corpus cavernosa.Clinical TranslationVarious benefits can be observed with the TD and VED for the treatment of PD.Strengths and LimitationsThis study explored the mechanism and benefits of TD and VED therapies for the treatment of PD. The rat model might not represent the human condition.ConclusionPenile traction therapy with the TD or VED is beneficial to decrease penile curvature in animal models of PD. The underlying mechanism could be related to antiapoptosis, antifibrosis, and smooth muscle preservation.
Expected sizes of Poisson–Delaunay mosaics and their discrete Morse functions
Authors: Edelsbrunner Herbert , Nikitenko Anton , Reitzner Matthias 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMapping every simplex in the Delaunay mosaic of a discrete point set to the radius of the smallest empty circumsphere gives a generalized discrete Morse function. Choosing the points from a Poisson point process in ℝn, we study the expected number of simplices in the Delaunay mosaic as well as the expected number of critical simplices and nonsingular intervals in the corresponding generalized discrete gradient. Observing connections with other probabilistic models, we obtain precise expressions for the expected numbers in low dimensions. In particular, we obtain the expected numbers of simplices in the Poisson–Delaunay mosaic in dimensionsn≤ 4.
On zero-sum two-person undiscounted semi-Markov games with a multichain structure
Authors: Mondal Prasenjit 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Zero-sum two-person finite undiscounted (limiting ratio average) semi-Markov games (SMGs) are considered with a general multichain structure. We derive the strategy evaluation equations for stationary strategies of the players. A relation between the payoff in the multichain SMG and that in the associated stochastic game (SG) obtained by a data-transformation is established. We prove that the multichain optimality equations (OEs) for an SMG have a solution if and only if the associated SG has optimal stationary strategies. Though the solution of the OEs may not be optimal for an SMG, we establish the significance of studying the OEs for a multichain SMG. We provide a nice example of SMGs in which one player has no optimal strategy in the stationary class but has an optimal semistationary strategy (that depends only on the initial and current state of the game). For an SMG with absorbing states, we prove that solutions in the game where all players are restricted to semistationary strategies are solutions for the unrestricted game. Finally, we prove the existence of stationary optimal strategies for unichain SMGs and conclude that the unichain condition is equivalent to require that the game satisfies some recurrence/ergodicity/weakly communicating conditions.
Simulation from quasi-stationary distributions on reducible state spaces
Authors: Griffin A. , Jenkins P. A. , Roberts G. O. , Spencer S. E. F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractQuasi-stationary distributions (QSDs) arise from stochastic processes that exhibit transient equilibrium behaviour on the way to absorption. QSDs are often mathematically intractable and even drawing samples from them is not straightforward. In this paper the framework of sequential Monte Carlo samplers is utilised to simulate QSDs and several novel resampling techniques are proposed to accommodate models with reducible state spaces, with particular focus on preserving particle diversity on discrete spaces. Finally, an approach is considered to estimate eigenvalues associated with QSDs, such as the decay parameter.
THE DIOPHANTINE PROBLEM FOR ADDITION AND DIVISIBILITY OVER SUBRINGS OF THE RATIONALS
Authors: CERDA-ROMERO LEONIDAS , MARTINEZ-RANERO CARLOS 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt is shown that the positive existential theory of the structure (ℤ[S−1]; =, 0, 1, + , |), where S is a nonempty finite set of prime numbers, is undecidable. This result should be put in contrast with the fact that the positive existential theory of (ℤ; =, 0, 1, + |) is decidable.
Σ1(κ)-DEFINABLE SUBSETS OF H(κ+)
Authors: LÜCKE PHILIPP , SCHINDLER RALF , SCHLICHT PHILIPP 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe study Σ1(ω1)-definable sets (i.e., sets that are equal to the collection of all sets satisfying a certain Σ1-formula with parameter ω1 ) in the presence of large cardinals. Our results show that the existence of a Woodin cardinal and a measurable cardinal above it imply that no well-ordering of the reals is Σ1(ω1)-definable, the set of all stationary subsets of ω1 is not Σ1(ω1)-definable and the complement of every Σ1(ω1)-definable Bernstein subset of ${}_{}^{{\omega _1}}\omega _1^{}$ is not Σ1(ω1)-definable. In contrast, we show that the existence of a Woodin cardinal is compatible with the existence of a Σ1(ω1)-definable well-ordering of H(ω2) and the existence of a Δ1(ω1)-definable Bernstein subset of ${}_{}^{{\omega _1}}\omega _1^{}$. We also show that, if there are infinitely many Woodin cardinals and a measurable cardinal above them, then there is no Σ1(ω1)-definable uniformization of the club filter on ω1. Moreover, we prove a perfect set theorem for Σ1(ω1)-definable subsets of ${}_{}^{{\omega _1}}\omega _1^{}$, assuming that there is a measurable cardinal and the nonstationary ideal on ω1 is saturated. The proofs of these results use iterated generic ultrapowers and Woodin’s ℙmax-forcing. Finally, we also prove variants of some of these results for Σ1(κ)-definable subsets of κκ, in the case where κ itself has certain large cardinal properties.