bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los bloques electorales en España. Una propuesta de modelo alternativo para superar el conflicto
Authors: Marqués-Pascual Joaquín , Fondevila-Gascón Joan-Francesc , De-Uribe-Gil Clara , Marc Perelló-Sobrepere Marc Perelló-Sobrepere 
Published: July 2016

La relación entre medios de comunicación y poder político siempre es observada con detalle al tratarse de dos poderes fundamentales para el buen funcionamiento de la democracia. En España (1983) se inició una praxis durante las campañas electorales: los bloques informativos de cuota, que hoy aún perdura. Es el único país del mundo que restringe la libertad de información de esa manera donde un órgano político (la Junta Electoral Central) controla la información electoral de los medios públicos aplicando criterios propagandísticos y no periodísticos. Esta práctica debilita el sistema democrático y alimenta la percepción de que los medios públicos no cumplen la función de informar libre y verazmente. Metodología: La investigación analiza la legislación de una docena de países europeos sobre esta temática y las diferentes soluciones aportadas. En paralelo, se realiza medio centenar de entrevistas con expertos (periodistas, políticos y reguladores) en aras de obtener los elementos consensuales mínimos. Resultados y conclusiones: Finalmente, se propone un nuevo modelo sustitutivo de gestión de la información electoral que logre superar el conflicto.
Oral Health of Patients Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: da Silva Jordan L , de O El Kadre Guaniara D'Arc , Kudo Guilherme AH , Junior Joel F Santiago , Saraiva Patrícia Pinto 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
Oral hygiene technique is an important factor in maintaining the health and comfort of hospitalized patients given the frequent presence of oral biofilm and pathogens brought on by mouth breathing. This is an important practice to assist patients in intensive care, in particular those who are intubated and under mechanical ventilation because the realization of oral hygiene reduces the patient's risk of complications and length of hospitalization. The objective of this research was to evaluate the oral health condition of patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU) and to clarify the importance of protocol standardization involving these patients’ buccal hygiene.

Materials and methods
In this study, the sample consisted of 45 patients admitted to an ICU who were evaluated in relation to the oral biofilm score index.

Results
The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the biofilm score associated with the genre (p = 0.091), age group (p = 0.549), or teething profile (p = 0.207). However, the biofilm score was greater in partial and fully edentulous patients when compared with dentulous patients.

Conclusion
Based on these results, it is recommended that care providers in ICUs complete the relevant oral health care training programs.

Clinical significance
When in the ICU, suitable dental conduct following a protocol of prevention of oral biofilm can lead to earlier diagnosis and can prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, particularly those that are systemic in patients with low immunity.

How to cite this article
da Silva JL, de O El Kadre GD, Kudo GAH, Santiago JF Jr, Saraiva PP. Oral Health of Patients Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):125-129.
Effect of Three Different Injection Sites on the Success of Anterior Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve Block with 3% Mepivacaine: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shokraneh Ali , Farhadi Nastaran , Saatchi Masoud , Navaei Hooman , Yaghmaei Masoud 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
Anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) nerve block injection targets the anterior superior alveolar nerve and the middle superior alveolar nerve branches of the infraorbital nerve through nutrient canals. Therefore, the central incisor to the second premolar teeth of one quadrant can be anesthetized. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of AMSA nerve block injection with 3% mepivacaine solution at three different injection sites.

Materials and methods
In a double-blind crossover study, 47 volunteers participated and three AMSA nerve block injections of 3% mepivacaine solution without epinephrine were administered at the anterior, posterior, and the most common injection sites with a 1-week interval between injections. Anesthesia of the central incisor to the second premolar of the injected side was evaluated by using an electric pulp tester. The success of the injection was considered as lack of response to two consecutive 80 readings. The generalized estimating equation analytic tests were administered (α = 0.05).

Results
The success rate of the AMSA nerve block injection ranged from 27.5–47.5% for the most common injection site and 22.5–42.5% for both the anterior and posterior injection sites.

Conclusion
Changing the injection site did not result in statistically significant improvements (p > 0.05).

Clinical significance
Changing the injection site anteroposteriorly did not influence the success rate of the AMSA nerve block injection.

How to cite this article
Shokraneh A, Farhadi N, Saatchi M, Navaei H, Yaghmaei M. Effect of Three Different Injection Sites on the Success of Anterior Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve Block with 3% Mepivacaine: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):130-135.
Assessment of a Synthetic Type IV Cast and a Resin Polyol Used in the Fabrication of Dental Models
Authors: de Jesus Tavarez Rudys Rodolfo , Carvalhal Stéphanye T , Gomes Mário GN , Malheiros Adriana S , Gonçalves Letícia M , Filho Etevaldo M 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate the dimensional changes, reproduction of details, and surface roughness of a type IV cast and a resin used to fabricate dental models.

Materials and methods
Two commercial brands of materials were evaluated: a type IV synthetic cast (Fuji Rock) and a polyol resin (Novox). Twenty samples were obtained from polyvinyl siloxane molds that reproduced the surface of a metal master model standardized according to the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association specification no. 19. The materials were used according to the manufacturer's instructions and divided into two groups (n = 10). Each mold was photographed immediately after molding and 1 hour after molding. The obtained models were also photographed and measurements were obtained by using Image J software. The paired t-test was used to compare the molding materials and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the dimensional changes between the groups at a significance level of 5%.

Results
Statistically significant differences were observed between the models fabricated with the polyol resin and type IV synthetic cast with regard to reproduction of surface details, surface roughness, and dimensional stability (p < 0.05), with the resin providing superior surface detail reproduction and greater dimensional accuracy.

Conclusion
The polyol resin exhibited superior behavior regarding detail reproduction, surface roughness, and dimensional change compared with the type IV synthetic cast.

How to cite this article
Carvalhal ST, Gomes MGN, Malheiros AS, Gonçalves LM, Bandeca MC, Filho EM, De Jesus Tavarez RR. Assessment of a Synthetic Type IV Cast and a Resin Polyol Used in the Fabrication of Dental Models. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):160-164.
Observations of PAN and its confinement in the Asian summer monsoon
anticyclone in high spatial resolution
Authors: Ungermann Jörn , Ern Mandfred , Kaufmann Martin , Müller Rolf , Spang Reinhold , Ploeger Felix , Vogel Bärbel , Riese Martin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This paper presents an analysis of trace gases in the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) region on the basis of observations by the CRISTA infrared limb sounder taken in low-earth orbit in August 1997. The spatially highly resolved measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and O3 allow a detailed analysis of an eddy-shedding event of the ASM anticyclone. We identify enhanced PAN volume mixing ratios (VMRs) within the main anticyclone and within the eddy, which are suitable as a tracer for polluted air originating in India and China. Plotting the retrieved PAN VMRs against potential vorticity (PV) and potential temperature reveals that the PV value at which the PAN VMRs exhibit the strongest decrease with respect to PV increases with potential temperature. These PV values might be used to identify the extent of the ASM. Using temperature values also derived from CRISTA measurements, we also computed the location of the thermal tropopause according to the WMO criterion and find that it confines the PAN anomaly vertically within the main ASM anticyclone. In contrast, the shed eddy exhibits enhanced PAN VMRs for 1 to 2 km above the thermal tropopause. Using the relationship between PAN as a tropospheric tracer and O3 as a stratospheric tracer to identify mixed air parcels, we further found the anticyclone to contain few such air parcels, whereas the region between the anticyclone and the eddy as well as the eddy itself contains many mixed air parcels. In combination, this implies that while the anticyclone confines polluted air masses well, eddy shedding provides a very rapid horizontal transport pathway of Asian pollution into the extratropical lowermost stratosphere with a timescale of only a few days.
PyXRD v0.6.7: a free and open-source program to quantify disordered phyllosilicates using multi-specimen X-ray diffraction profile fitting
Authors: Dumon M. , Van Ranst E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This paper presents a free and open-source program called PyXRD (short for Python X-ray diffraction) to improve the quantification of complex, poly-phasic mixed-layer phyllosilicate assemblages. The validity of the program was checked by comparing its output with Sybilla v2.2.2, which shares the same mathematical formalism. The novelty of this program is the ab initio incorporation of the multi-specimen method, making it possible to share phases and (a selection of) their parameters across multiple specimens. PyXRD thus allows for modelling multiple specimens side by side, and this approach speeds up the manual refinement process significantly. To check the hypothesis that this multi-specimen set-up – as it effectively reduces the number of parameters and increases the number of observations – can also improve automatic parameter refinements, we calculated X-ray diffraction patterns for four theoretical mineral assemblages. These patterns were then used as input for one refinement employing the multi-specimen set-up and one employing the single-pattern set-ups. For all of the assemblages, PyXRD was able to reproduce or approximate the input parameters with the multi-specimen approach. Diverging solutions only occurred in single-pattern set-ups, which do not contain enough information to discern all minerals present (e.g. patterns of heated samples). Assuming a correct qualitative interpretation was made and a single pattern exists in which all phases are sufficiently discernible, the obtained results indicate a good quantification can often be obtained with just that pattern. However, these results from theoretical experiments cannot automatically be extrapolated to all real-life experiments. In any case, PyXRD has proven to be useful when X-ray diffraction patterns are modelled for complex mineral assemblages containing mixed-layer phyllosilicates with a multi-specimen approach.
Estimating drought risk across Europe from reported drought impacts, drought indices, and vulnerability factors
Authors: Blauhut Veit , Stahl Kerstin , Stagge James Howard , Tallaksen Lena M. , De Stefano Lucia , Vogt Jürgen 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Drought is one of the most costly natural hazards in Europe. Due to its complexity, drought risk, meant as the combination of the natural hazard and societal vulnerability, is difficult to define and challenging to detect and predict, as the impacts of drought are very diverse, covering the breadth of socioeconomic and environmental systems. Pan-European maps of drought risk could inform the elaboration of guidelines and policies to address its documented severity and impact across borders. This work tests the capability of commonly applied drought indices and vulnerability factors to predict annual drought impact occurrence for different sectors and macro regions in Europe and combines information on past drought impacts, drought indices, and vulnerability factors into estimates of drought risk at the pan-European scale. This hybrid approach bridges the gap between traditional vulnerability assessment and probabilistic impact prediction in a statistical modelling framework. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to predict the likelihood of impact occurrence on an annual basis for particular impact categories and European macro regions. The results indicate sector- and macro-region-specific sensitivities of drought indices, with the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for a 12-month accumulation period as the overall best hazard predictor. Vulnerability factors have only limited ability to predict drought impacts as single predictors, with information about land use and water resources being the best vulnerability-based predictors. The application of the hybrid approach revealed strong regional and sector-specific differences in drought risk across Europe. The majority of the best predictor combinations rely on a combination of SPEI for shorter and longer accumulation periods, and a combination of information on land use and water resources. The added value of integrating regional vulnerability information with drought risk prediction could be proven. Thus, the study contributes to the overall understanding of drivers of drought impacts, appropriateness of drought indices selection for specific applications, and drought risk assessment.
Discussing the role of tropical and subtropical moisture sources in cold season extreme precipitation events in the Mediterranean region from a climate change perspective
Authors: Krichak S. O. , Feldstein S. B. , Alpert P. , Gualdi S. , Scoccimarro E. , Yano J.-I. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This paper presents a review of a large number of research studies performed during the last few decades that focused on the investigation of cold season extreme precipitation events (EPEs) in the Mediterranean region (MR). The publications demonstrate the important role of anomalously intense transports of moist air from the tropical and subtropical Atlantic in the occurrence of EPEs in the MR. EPEs in the MR are directly or indirectly connected to narrow bands with a high concentration of moisture in the lower troposphere, i.e., atmospheric rivers, along which a large amount of moisture is transported from the tropics to midlatitudes. Whereas in a significant fraction of the EPEs in the western MR moisture is transported to the MR from the tropical Atlantic, EPEs in the central, and especially the eastern, MR are more often associated with intense tropical moisture transports over North Africa and the Red Sea. The moist air for the EPEs in the latter part of the MR also mainly originates from the tropical Atlantic and Indian oceans, and in many cases it serves as a temporary moisture reservoir for future development. The paper is supplemented by the results of a test for a possible connection between declining Arctic sea ice and the climatology of intense precipitation in the eastern MR. Based on the results of the evaluation supporting those from the earlier climate change analyses and modeling studies, it is concluded that a further anthropogenic global warming may lead a greater risk of higher rainfall totals and therefore larger winter floods in western and central parts of the MR as a consequence of stronger and more numerous Atlantic atmospheric rivers, possibly accompanied by a decline in the number of EPEs in the eastern part of the MR.
Gone or just out of sight? The apparent disappearance of aromatic litter components in soils
Authors: Klotzbücher Thimo , Kalbitz Karsten , Cerli Chiara , Hernes Peter J. , Kaiser Klaus 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Uncertainties concerning stabilization of organic compounds in soil limit our basic understanding on soil organic matter (SOM) formation and our ability to model and manage effects of global change on SOM stocks. One controversially debated aspect is the contribution of aromatic litter components, such as lignin and tannins, to stable SOM forms. In the present opinion paper, we summarize and discuss the inconsistencies and propose research options to clear them. Lignin degradation takes place stepwise, starting with (i) depolymerization and followed by (ii) transformation of the water-soluble depolymerization products. The long-term fate of the depolymerization products and other soluble aromatics, e.g., tannins, in the mineral soils is still a mystery. Research on dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and fluxes indicates dissolved aromatics are important precursors of stable SOM attached to mineral surfaces and persist in soils for centuries to millennia. Evidence comes from flux analyses in soil profiles, biodegradation assays, and sorption experiments. In contrast, studies on composition of mineral-associated SOM indicate the prevalence of non-aromatic microbial-derived compounds. Other studies suggest the turnover of lignin in soil can be faster than the turnover of bulk SOM. Mechanisms that can explain the apparent fast disappearance of lignin in mineral soils are, however, not yet identified. The contradictions might be explained by analytical problems. Commonly used methods probably detect only a fraction of the aromatics stored in the mineral soil. Careful data interpretation, critical assessment of analytical limitations, and combined studies on DOM and solid-phase SOM could thus be ways to unveil the issues.
Female Readers and the Sources of the Mirror to Devout People
Authors: Patterson Paul J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
In the early fifteenth century there was increased interest in devotional writing by the laity in England. Educated women of the aristocratic classes were often interested in the commissioning of religious texts and had connections to religious houses and their books. This article focuses on two families, the Chaworths and the Scropes, who were known for their book collections. It also focuses on a book they owned, the Mirror to Devout People, a Middle English life of Christ. John Scrope, Fourth Baron of Masham, and his wife, Elizabeth, used their connections to Syon Abbey, the Birgittine abbey on the royal manor of Sheen, to obtain their copy of the Mirror. An anonymous Carthusian, residing at the monastery across the Thames from Syon, wrote the Mirror for a Birgittine sister. The Mirror relies on female saints—Birgitta of Sweden, Catherine of Siena, and Mechtild of Hackeborn—to relate Christ's Passion.
Making Manuscripts as Political Engagement by Women in the Fifteenth-Century Observant Reform Movement
Authors: Winston-Allen Anne 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
This article challenges the view that women's writing in the fifteenth century was simply “naive,” harmless work that was not part of the mainstream. In fact, convent women's narratives and historical house chronicles are in many instances much more politically engaged than has generally been understood. Examined in the context of the fifteenth-century struggle for religious reform in which many were involved, women's writings and book illustrations reveal a kind of polemical reform mentality. This article shows some ways in which these writers' portrayal of themselves diverges from traditional mainstream narratives about women that depict them as victims or pawns in the religious struggles of the day. The nuns' own stories, however, reveal a remarkable degree of political savvy and engagement in which religious women through writing their convent histories and reform accounts found a voice and a way to exercise agency.
The Philosophy of Prosopopoeia
Authors: Benne Christian 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Nietzsche's writings are complex polyphone compositions: Nietzsche adopts a multitude of positions and voices, including their specific rhythmical features, through the rhetorical technique of prosopopoeia. This is also the case in his aphoristic books. By interpreting the famous “incipit parodia” from the preface to the second edition of GS, I argue in this essay that Nietzsche actually understands the concept of parody in the ancient sense, where it is nothing else but a form of prosopopoeia or personification—in contrast to the modern sense, where it denotes a kind of mockery. This has wide-ranging consequences for the understanding of Nietzsche's writing in general, his theory of the mask, and his identification of tragedy and parody.
“Some Third Thing”: Nietzsche's Words and the Principle of Charity
Authors: Stern Tom 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to begin a conversation about how we read and write about Nietzsche and, related to this, other figures in the history of philosophy. The principle of charity can appear to be a way to bridge two different interpretative goals: getting the meaning of the text right and offering the best philosophy. I argue that the principle of charity is multiply ambiguous along three different dimensions, which I call “unit,” “mode,” and “strength”: consequently, it is not a single, neutral or independent principle to which we can helpfully appeal and it cannot, in itself, perform this bridging function. Nietzsche, I suggest, is particularly ill suited to some forms of charitable reading. I compare charity to what I call “misreporting” a philosopher's words, in order to highlight some problematic structural similarities. Finally, I assess what charity might be doing instead, if it is not intended to bridge meaning and best philosophy.
INFLUÊNCIA DO ENOS NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DAS PRECIPITAÇÕES NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ, BRASIL.
Authors: Teixeira Nivaldo Fernandes 
Published: July 2016

Este artigo estuda as correlações entre o índice El Niño-Oscilação Sul (iENOS) 3.4 e as precipitações no Estado do Paraná (PR), Brasil. Para tanto, se efetuou análise dos dados pluviométricos correspondentes às séries históricas do período de 1976 a 2011 da estação meteorológica do município de Maringá, e de 21 estações meteorológicas convencionais pertencentes a Rede do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR). A metodologia de análise utilizada consiste em relacionar os valores do iENOS do trimestre Dezembro, Janeiro e Fevereiro (DJF) de cada ano da série histórica, com os valores totais mensais das precipitações dos mesmos meses, e dos trimestres sucessivos. Através da função “r de Pearson” foi possível estabelecer o desfase temporal mais significativo para cada estação. E por fim a elaboração dos mapas que substanciaram os resultados e discussões, utilizando a ferramenta SURFER 8.