bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in medical and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Fortuna L. , Ramos Z. , Falgas-Bague I. , Cellerino L. , Alegria M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPTSD is associated with medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Less is known regarding differences in PTSD comorbidities and service use by gender.ObjectivesTo examine variations in comorbidities for PTSD by gender and implications for quality of care.AimsWe identify the prevalence of PTSD, medical and psychiatric comorbidities diagnosed by gender within outpatient, inpatient and emergency services.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis using existing medical records from all outpatient, inpatient and emergency department (ED) encounters in 2010–2012 in a safety net health care system in the US. We identified the rates of PTSD diagnosis by gender, co-occurring diagnoses in ED and inpatient care, and rate of different comorbid diagnoses following initial PTSD diagnosis.ResultsWomen in the sample had twice the likelihood of having a diagnosis of PTSD as compared to men (1.9% vs. 3.6%, P > 0.001), the most common comorbid diagnoses for ED visits were substance use disorder (SUD), depression, anxiety and pain. Men were more likely to have pain as a diagnosis in the ED as compared to women (P > 0.001). In inpatient services, men with PTSD were more likely to be diagnosed with a SUD (35% vs. 26%, P > 0.001) and women more likely diagnosed with comorbid depression (32% vs. 43%, P > 0.001). Men were more likely to have combined medical and substance use disorders and women more likely to have combined medical and psychiatric disorders.ConclusionsGiven the different patterns of comorbidity by gender, services should focus on tailoring services early to contend with these differences.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The effect of psychoeducation on anger management and problem solving skills of the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Senyurt M. , Demiralp M. , Ozmenler N. , Acikel C. 
Published: May 2016

This study was conducted as pre-test and post-test experimental design with the control group in order to identify the effect of psychoeducation on anger management and problem solving skills of the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. This study was carried out in Gülhane Military Medical Academy, the department of Military Psychology and Battle Psychiatry between May 2012 and May 2013. The study sample included 22 control and 22 intervention group patients with PTSD who admitted to participate in the study and who were asked to receive the drug treatment by staying in the clinic. Psychoeducation was only performed on the intervention group. In the collection of research data, “Sociodemographical Information Form”, “Trait-Trait Anger Expression Inventory”, “Problem Solving Inventory” and “The Impact of Event Scale” were used. Data were assessed by Repeated Measures Variance Analysis via SPSS (15.0). Problem solving skills of the patients who had high-school and up to the level of high-school education were identified to be more insufficient than the ones having undergraduate and graduate educations. Before receiving psychoeducation, it was identified that the levels of trait anger of the patients were high, and that they perceived themselves as mild insufficient individuals in problem solving skills. It was identified that trait anger increased the anger control and problem-solving skills while it decreased inward and outward anger levels in the intervention group of psychoeducation. As a consequence, it has been recommended that the continuity of psychoeducations the psychiatry nurses applied have been provide in psychiatry clinic.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Antioxidant uric acid is lower in current major depression and anxiety disorders
Authors: Black C. , Bot M. , Scheffer P. , Penninx B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIt has been hypothesized that lowered antioxidant capacity, which leads to increased oxidative stress, may be involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders and might be altered by antidepressant treatment.ObjectivesThis study investigated the association of plasma uric acid, the greatest contributor to blood antioxidant capacity, with MDD, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia and antidepressants in a large cohort.MethodsData was derived from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety including patients with current (n = 1648) or remitted (n = 609) MDD and/or anxiety disorder(s) (of which n = 710 antidepressant users) and 618 controls. Diagnoses were established with the Composite Interview Diagnostic Instrument. Symptom severity was ascertained in all participants with the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. ANCOVA and regression analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic, health and lifestyle variables.ResultsPlasma uric acid was lower in those with current MDD and/or anxiety disorder(s) (adjusted mean 270 μmol/L) compared to those with remitted disorders (280 μmol/L, P < 0.001) or to controls (281 μmol/L, P < 0.001; Cohen's d 0.14). Within patients antidepressants were not associated with uric acid levels. Increasing symptom severity was associated with lower uric acid levels for both depression (β = –0.05, P = 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (β = –0.05, P = 0.004).ConclusionThis large scale study finds that the antioxidant uric acid is lower in current, but not remitted, MDD or anxiety disorders and in persons with higher symptom severity, suggesting disturbances in redox homeostasis play a role in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cognitive analytic therapy: A bibliometric review
Authors: Gimeno E. , Chiclana C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) has emerged as an integrative new approach with promising results in the treatment of personality-disordered patients, particularly in borderline personality disorder. Although this approach has already demonstrated its effectiveness in adults, increasingly studies try to validate it in young population, which has meant a turning point in research.Aim and objectivesThe goal of this study is to know the whole production about CAT in a double way:–articles that describes the main theoretical concepts underlying CAT theory;–articles with evidence supporting its effectiveness in different mental disorders.MethodsA bibliometric review of 397 scientific articles extracted from research databases including Dialnet, EBSCO, PUBMED, Unika and Scholar Google was conducted.ResultsThe results indicate an exponential growth in published studies on CAT, from first publications in the late 1960s, particularly strong in the last two decades and reaching its peak in 2008. Total research includes 247 literature reviews, 109 clinical studies, 47 case studies, 17 letters and comments from authors, 4 studies on diagnostic tests and 1 meta-analysis. Most research has focused on borderline personality disorder or other personality disorders (35% and 12% respectively) and eating disorders (11%). Studies have been conducted with adults (49%) the same as children and adolescents (46%) whereas only the 4% has been developed for elderly population.ConclusionsCognitive analytic therapy represents a well-documented psychotherapy with a proven efficacy in a wide range of clinical contexts.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Healthcare resource use of paliperidone palmitate 3-month injection vs. paliperidone palmitate 1-month injection: An analysis of phase III clinical trial hospital data
Authors: Woodruff K. , Chirila C. , Zheng Q. , Van Impe K. , Nuamah I. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPSY-3011 was a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, non-inferiority study of paliperidone palmitate 3-month injection (PP3M) vs. paliperidone palmitate 1-month injection (PP1M). Adults with schizophrenia were stabilized on PP1M in an open-label (OL) 17-week transition phase. Qualifying subjects at the end of the OL phase were then randomized to PP3M or PP1M in the 48-week double-blind (DB) phase. Healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) between PP3M and PP1M was compared using the HCRU questionnaire during the double-blind (DB) phase.MethodsHCRU was measured at the start of the OL and DB phases, and every 12 weeks during DB until end of study/early withdrawal. Information included hospitalizations, ER visits, day or night clinic stays, outpatient treatment, daily living conditions, and occupational status. Logistic regressions modeled the probability of hospitalization vs. no hospitalization for psychiatric and social reasons, as well as hospitalizations for psychiatric reasons only, during the DB phase. The models controlled for OL baseline hospitalizations, OL phase hospitalizations, and time in study.ResultsThe analysis set included 483 subjects randomized to PP3M and 512 subjects to PP1M during the DB phase. The odds of hospitalization for psychiatric/social reasons during 1 year for PP1M subjects were 1.16 times the odds of hospitalization for PP3M subjects (95% CI: 0.70, 1.93, P = 0.56). For psychiatric reasons only, the odds of hospitalization during 1 year for PP1 M subjects were 1.63 times the odds of hospitalization for PP3M subjects (95% CI: 0.88, 3.02, P = 0.12).ConclusionsPP3M and PP1M demonstrated similar trends in hospitalizations throughout the course of the study.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Patient assessment following substance overdose: Can we predict memory of the psychiatric interview?
Authors: Salles J. , Very E. , Pariente J. , Schmitt L. 
Published: May 2016

Suicide is a major public health issue, and a critical step in its prevention is a psychiatric assessment of individuals following suicide attempts (NICE 2008). In cases where patients attempt suicide through substance overdose, the central nervous system and consciousness are altered in significant ways. This is problematic, given that patients must have recovered sufficient cognitive capacity if a psychiatric assessment is to yield a meaningful and suitable care plan that the patient will recall and follow (Lukens 2006). Currently, there is no validated tool to assess whether sufficient cognitive recovery has occurred in such patients to ensure their memory of the assessment. Therefore, our goal was to identify indicators that predict preserved memory of undergoing a psychiatric assessment. We carried out a prospective study with 41 patients recruited from an emergency department. We collected data on cognitive tests (including WAIS coding test), memory self-assessment, plasma benzodiazepine levels, age, gender, and educational level at the time of psychiatric assessment. We then assessed patients’ memory for undergoing a psychiatric interview 24 hours post-assessment, using an episodic memory score. Whereas memory self-assessment did not predict the episodic memory score, age, plasma benzodiazepine level, and cognitive test scores significantly influenced it, predicting 70% of memory score variation. Among these factors, the WAIS coding test predicted 57% of the memory score variation. To improve clinical practice, it may be useful to assess visual scanning, processing speed, and attentional function prior to psychiatric interview to ensure later patient recall.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Tendency to stigmatization of mentally ill people by university students in the Czech Republic
Authors: Holubova M. , Prasko J. , Klimusova H. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMental illness is still surrounded by false myths, stereotypes and prejudices. Stigmatization is a social problem on a national and international level and may lead to discrimination.ObjectivesStigmatization has a negative impact on patient's life, treatment seeking, self-image, adherence and mental health recovery.AimsThe aim of the study was to examined the tendency to stigmatization mentally ill people by university students in the Czech Republic.MethodsThe constructed questionnaire called Tendency to stigmatization TTS (Cronbach's alpha = 0.952), demographic questionnaire and tentative shortened version of personality questionnaire NEO-PI-R were administered on Facebook offered to student groups.ResultsThe statistical analysis of data from 1350 students showed a relatively high tendency to stigmatization depending on age (stigma is lower with age), gender (women have a lower TTS than men), studied university, faculty, educational focus. The lowest rate of stigmatization had students of psychology. Students of economics, management, informatics and engineering disciplines stigmatize in a high degree. Social oriented students had the lowest TTS, technically orientated the highest. The TTS also depends on personal agreeableness (low-friendly students had a higher TTS) and neuroticism (mentally unstable students had slight TTS). Lower TTS had students who attended psychopathological/psychiatric subject at school, also students, who personally met or know somebody with mental disease and students with mental health problems (Table 1).ConclusionsOur study suggests the importance of stigmatization already among university students according to their academic orientation. Understanding the process of stigmatization is important for future efforts to find possible solutions and de-stigmatization of mental illness in society.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Brain Drain Project
Authors: Pinto da Costa M. 
Published: May 2016

Despite the ongoing reality of workforce migration, information on medical migration is missing, with lack of detailed evidence of transnational migrations within Europe, obscuring the extent of how migration occurs amongst the different medical specialties.The European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) has been pioneer in researching workforce migration in junior doctors, conducting the EFPT Brain Drain study, which explored the reasons and patterns of mobility and migration in 33 European countries among junior doctors training in psychiatry.The intention has been to better understand the migration phenomena, its reasoning and effects in order to give practical proposals to improve education, training and work conditions and ultimately the health care itself in both donor and host countries.Migration among medical professionals can take place throughout the career: before, during or after training. Exploring attitudes towards migration among junior doctors can help to understand the factors that shape the decision-making processes related to migration in future specialists.These findings provide objective data that can assist policy makers, providing instruments to address the critical conditions leading to migration from at-risk countries, adjusting the pull factors and improving the standards of education, work and salaries.Future studies should explore whether the presented results differ for junior doctors in other medical disciplines, as well as physicians in general and psychiatric consultants in Europe and in other areas of the world. Furthermore, the follow up of the respondents from this study could assess to what extent the migratory tendency and intention predicts the future migration itself.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Role of inhibitory processes in relapse prevention treatment
Authors: Rudio G. 
Published: May 2016

Alcohol dependence is a chronic disorder with frequent relapses during recovery. Most studies have pointed out that craving is the main process involved in relapse, but recently other factors have been implicated in it, such as attentional bias and impulsivity. Some authors consider that different stages could be involved in the relapse process, and each may be governed by different mechanisms: Attentional bias; motivational response to alcohol cues and inhibitory control.Motivationally salient cues attract and hold selective attention, and this “attentional bias, (AB)” is related to individual differences in appetitive and aversive motivation. In a recent review, attentional bias has been shown to be significantly present in alcohol-dependent and is associated with craving and risk to a relapse in alcohol consumption.In alcohol-dependent subjects, alcohol-related cues reach a very high motivational valence (Motivational response, MR), which, in effect, increases craving for alcohol and activates behavioral strategies towards alcohol intake. One method used to assess motivational valence of alcohol is the craving self-assessment. In addition, in recent years, the affective modulation of the startle reflex has been used as an objective measure of craving. It has been shown that subjects with a low baseline startle response when viewing alcohol-associated pictures are at major risk of relapse compared to those with increased reactions.Once alcohol craving has appeared, the subject will either drink or not, depending on his ability to resist his behavior towards alcohol consumption (impulsivity or inhibitory control, IC). Moreover, subjects that exhibit greater impulsivity are those more likely to relapse.Our group has recently conducted a study on a sample of 172 alcohol-dependent patients seen in outpatient therapeutic program during 12 weeks. All of them were assessed with the following measures: Attentional bias was assessed using the dot task, motivational response was evaluated using the affective modulation of the startle reflex paradigm, inhibitory control was assessed by the stop-signal reaction time task. Alcohol relapse variables were: relapse, days to the first relapse and days of accumulated abstinence.One of the most relevant results was that processes related to inhibitory control (Stop-signal reaction time and attentional bias) were the most relevant measures to explain variables related to relapse in alcohol consumption during the treatment period.Our results support the use of assessment strategies, therapeutic and pharmacological inhibtoria aimed at improving the ability of serious alcohol-dependent patients.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
The impact of the different dimensions of social cognition on functional outcome in schizophrenia
Authors: Rocca P. 
Published: May 2016

Social cognition (SC) refers broadly to the domains of cognitive functions that are employed in socially relevant situations. These include three primary domains (i.e., emotion perception, Theory of Mind-TOM-, and attributional style), as well as more complex and developing concepts such as social metacognition.Patients with schizophrenia demonstrate significant deficits across multiple dimensions of SC and throughout all phases of the illness.The correlation between SC and real-life functioning ranged from small to large, mainly depending on the examined aspect of SC, with largest effects observed for TOM. Indeed, it has been suggested that TOM difficulties may lead to social misperceptions that influence how an individual reacts to others, which in turn may lead to maladaptive social patterns and/or social withdrawal, which both may influence real-life vocational outcome more than neurocognition (NC) abilities. Moreover, SC appears to act as a mediator between nonsocial basic NC and community functioning.The goals of this study are to analyze the pattern of SC variables in schizophrenia using cluster analysis, to examine the relationship of real-life functioning with cluster membership, and to identify cut-offs that best discriminate among clusters in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia recruited to the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses (NIRP). A full assessment of different aspects of SC was carried out, including emotional intelligence, recognition and theory of mind (TOM).Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Subglacial controls on the flow of Institute Ice Stream, West Antarctica
Authors: Siegert Martin J. , Ross Neil , Li Jilu , Schroeder Dustin M. , Rippin David , Ashmore David , Bingham Robert , Gogineni Prasad 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe Institute Ice Stream (IIS) rests on a reverse-sloping bed, extending >150 km upstream into the ~1.8 km deep Robin Subglacial Basin, placing it at the threshold of marine ice-sheet instability. Understanding IIS vulnerability has focused on the effect of grounding-line melting, which is forecast to increase significantly this century. Changes to ice-flow dynamics are also important to IIS stability, yet little is known about them. Here we reveal that the trunk of the IIS occurs downstream of the intersection of three discrete subglacial features; a large ‘active’ subglacial lake, a newly-discovered sharp transition to a zone of weak basal sediments and a major tectonic rift. The border of IIS trunk flow is confined by the sediment on one side, and by a transition between basal melting and freezing at the border with the Bungenstock Ice Rise. By showing how basal sediment and water dictate present-day flow of IIS, we reveal that ice-sheet stability here is dependent on this unusual arrangement.
Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Cord Metastasis of the Prostate: A Case Presentation and Review of the Literature
Authors: Wolf Amparo , Johnstone Ryan , Siddiqi Fawaz 
Published: May 2016

AbstractProstate cancer is associated with vertebral metastasis in up to 10% of patients; however, intradural spinal cord metastases (ISCM) are much less frequent. We present the clinical and histopathological findings of a patient with ISCM arising from prostate. A PubMed literature search for ISCM from the prostate yielded a total of nine additional cases. ISCM of the prostate occurs at a late stage of systemic disease and the prognosis is generally poor. Decompressive surgery followed by adjuvant radiation therapy may help reduce intractable pain and stabilize neurological symptoms, thereby improving quality of life.
CIRCULATION OF THE ELITE IN THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY
Authors: Meyer David A. , Ram Megha , Wilke Laura 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe history of leadership change in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) exemplifies Pareto's notion ofcirculationof the elite. To analyze it we have compiled a partially ranked dataset of members and alternates of the Politburo Standing Committee, Politburo, and Central Committee for the 1st through 18th National Party Congresses. Quantitative studies of leadership change in the CCP have typically focused on the fraction of new members in each political body from one Party Congress to the next, but the existence of partially ranked data calls for a more subtle quantification of leadership change. Thus, we define a new family of metrics which consider change within each political body, the magnitude of such change, and the importance of each change to CCP structure and policy. We use two of these metrics to compute the distances between each pair of successive, partially-ranked leadership lists in our dataset. Our results capture important political developments from the irregular leadership change of the early years to the subsequent transformation of the CCP into a more institutionalized polity. This metric-based analysis also supplements our understanding of anomalous leadership transitions, intra-Party dynamics, and systemic change in the CCP.