bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spin Funneling for Enhanced Spin Injection into Ferromagnets
Authors: Sayed Shehrin , Diep Vinh Q. , Camsari Kerem Yunus , Datta Supriyo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt is well-established that high spin-orbit coupling (SOC) materials convert a charge current density into a spin current density which can be used to switch a magnet efficiently and there is increasing interest in identifying materials with large spin Hall angle for lower switching current. Using experimentally benchmarked models, we show that composite structures can be designed using existing spin Hall materials such that the effective spin Hall angle is larger by an order of magnitude. The basic idea is to funnel spins from a large area of spin Hall material into a small area of ferromagnet using a normal metal with large spin diffusion length and low resistivity like Cu or Al. We show that this approach is increasingly effective as magnets get smaller. We avoid unwanted charge current shunting by the low resistive NM layer utilizing the newly discovered phenomenon of pure spin conduction in ferromagnetic insulators via magnon diffusion. We provide a spin circuit model for magnon diffusion in FMI that is benchmarked against recent experiments and theory.
152 fs nanotube-mode-locked thulium-doped all-fiber laser
Authors: Wang Jinzhang , Liang Xiaoyan , Hu Guohua , Zheng Zhijian , Lin Shenghua , Ouyang Deqin , Wu Xu , Yan Peiguang , Ruan Shuangchen , Sun Zhipei , Hasan Tawfique 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUltrafast fiber lasers with broad bandwidth and short pulse duration have a variety of applications, such as ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy and supercontinuum generation. We report a simple and compact all-fiber thulium-doped femtosecond laser mode-locked by carbon nanotubes. The oscillator operates in slightly normal cavity dispersion at 0.055 ps2 and delivers 152 fs pulses with 52.8 nm bandwidth and 0.19 nJ pulse energy. This is the shortest pulse duration and the widest spectral width demonstrated from Tm-doped all-fiber lasers based on 1 or 2 dimensional nanomaterials, underscoring their growing potential as versatile saturable absorber materials.
Partially ordered state of ice XV
Authors: Komatsu K. , Noritake F. , Machida S. , Sano-Furukawa A. , Hattori T. , Yamane R. , Kagi H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMost ice polymorphs have order–disorder “pairs” in terms of hydrogen positions, which contributes to the rich variety of ice polymorphs; in fact, three recently discovered polymorphs— ices XIII, XIV, and XV—are ordered counter forms to already identified disordered phases. Despite the considerable effort to understand order–disorder transition in ice crystals, there is an inconsistency among the various experiments and calculations for ice XV, the ordered counter form of ice VI, i.e., neutron diffraction observations suggest antiferroelectrically ordered structures, which disagree with dielectric measurement and theoretical studies, implying ferroelectrically ordered structures. Here we investigate in-situ neutron diffraction measurements and density functional theory calculations to revisit the structure and stability of ice XV. We find that none of the completely ordered configurations are particular favored; instead, partially ordered states are established as a mixture of ordered domains in disordered ice VI. This scenario in which several kinds of ordered configuration coexist dispels the contradictions in previous studies. It means that the order–disorder pairs in ice polymorphs are not one-to-one correspondent pairs but rather have one-to-n correspondence, where there are n possible configurations at finite temperature.
High-speed atomic force microscopy reveals strongly polarized movement of clostridial collagenase along collagen fibrils
Authors: Watanabe-Nakayama Takahiro , Itami Masahiro , Kodera Noriyuki , Ando Toshio , Konno Hiroki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBacterial collagenases involved in donor infection are widely applied in many fields due to their high activity and specificity; however, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which bacterial collagenases degrade insoluble collagen in host tissues. Using high-speed atomic force microscopy, we simultaneously visualized the hierarchical structure of collagen fibrils and the movement of a representative bacterial collagenase, Clostridium histolyticum type I collagenase (ColG), to determine the relationship between collagen structure and collagenase movement. Notably, ColG moved ~14.5 nm toward the collagen N terminus in ~3.8 s in a manner dependent on a catalytic zinc ion. While ColG was engaged, collagen molecules were not only degraded but also occasionally rearranged to thicken neighboring collagen fibrils. Importantly, we found a similarity of relationship between the enzyme-substrate interface structure and enzyme migration in collagen-collagenase and DNA-nuclease systems, which share a helical substrate structure, suggesting a common strategy in enzyme evolution.
Differential expression of microRNAs in retinal vasculopathy caused by selective Müller cell disruption
Authors: Chung Sook Hyun , Gillies Mark , Yam Michelle , Wang Ying , Shen Weiyong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractVascular changes and photoreceptor degeneration are features of age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and macular telangiectasis. We have profiled the differential expression of microRNAs and analysed their target genes in transgenic mice in which induced Müller cell disruption results in photoreceptor degeneration, vascular leak and deep retinal neovascularisation. We identified 9 miRNAs which were differentially expressed during the development of retinal neovascularization and chose miR-200b and its target genes for further study. Using qRT-PCR and western blot analysis, we found that downregulation of miR-200b was negatively correlated with its target genes, including zinc finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB) 1 and 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1. Double immunofluorescence labelling revealed that the newly formed vessels in the outer retina were positive for ZEB2. Furthermore, intravitreal injections of a miR-200b-mimic and anti-miR-200b confirmed the negative correlation of miR-200b and its target gene expression. We also found that the miR-200b-mimic inhibited vascular leak in the established mild vascular lesions, whereas anti-miR-200b promoted it. Taken together, these data suggest that miR-200b may play a role in the development of intraretinal neovascularisation.
Ultradispersed Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Assembled in Graphene Aerogel for Continuous Photo-Fenton Reaction and Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Qiu Bocheng , Deng Yuanxin , Du Mengmeng , Xing Mingyang , Zhang Jinlong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Photo-Fenton reaction is an advanced technology to eliminate organic pollutants in environmental chemistry. Moreover, the conversion rate of Fe3+/Fe2+ and utilization rate of H2O2 are significant factors in Photo-Fenton reaction. In this work, we reported three dimensional (3D) hierarchical cobalt ferrite/graphene aerogels (CoFe2O4/GAs) composites by the in situ growing CoFe2O4 crystal seeds on the graphene oxide (GO) followed by the hydrothermal process. The resulting CoFe2O4/GAs composites demonstrated 3D hierarchical pore structure with mesopores (14~18 nm), macropores (50~125 nm), and a remarkable surface area (177.8 m2g−1). These properties endowed this hybrid with the high and recyclable Photo-Fenton activity for methyl orange pollutant degradation. More importantly, the CoFe2O4/GAs composites can keep high Photo-Fenton activity in a wide pH. Besides, the CoFe2O4/GAs composites also exhibited excellent cyclic performance and good rate capability. The 3D framework can not only effectively prevent the volume expansion and aggregation of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles during the charge/discharge processes for Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but also shorten lithium ions and electron diffusion length in 3D pathways. These results indicated a broaden application prospect of 3D-graphene based hybrids in wastewater treatment and energy storage.
Exploring Ag(111) Substrate for Epitaxially Growing Monolayer Stanene: A First-Principles Study
Authors: Gao Junfeng , Zhang Gang , Zhang Yong-Wei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractStanene, a two-dimensional topological insulator composed of Sn atoms in a hexagonal lattice, is a promising contender to Si in nanoelectronics. Currently it is still a significant challenge to achieve large-area, high-quality monolayer stanene. We explore the potential of Ag(111) surface as an ideal substrate for the epitaxial growth of monolayer stanene. Using first-principles calculations, we study the stability of the structure of stanene in different epitaxial relations with respect to Ag(111) surface and also the diffusion behavior of Sn adatom on Ag(111) surface. Our study reveals that: (1) the hexagonal structure of stanene monolayer is well reserved on Ag(111) surface; (2) the height of epitaxial stanene monolayer is comparable to the step height of the substrate, enabling the growth to cross the surface step and achieve a large-area stanene; (3) the perfect lattice structure of free-standing stanene can be achieved once the epitaxial stanene monolayer is detached from Ag(111) surface; and finally (4) the diffusion barrier of Sn adatom on Ag(111) surface is found to be only 0.041 eV, allowing the epitaxial growth of stanene monolayer even at low temperatures. Our above revelations strongly suggest that Ag(111) surface is an ideal candidate for growing large-area, high-quality monolayer stanene.
On-Chip Quantitative Measurement of Mechanical Stresses During Cell Migration with Emulsion Droplets
Authors: Molino D. , Quignard S. , Gruget C. , Pincet F. , Chen Y. , Piel M. , Fattaccioli J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe ability of immune cells to migrate within narrow and crowded spaces is a critical feature involved in various physiological processes from immune response to metastasis. Severalin-vitrotechniques have been developed so far to study the behaviour of migrating cells, the most recent being based on the fabrication of microchannels within which cells move. To address the question of the mechanical stress a cell is able to produce during the encounter of an obstacle while migrating, we developed a hybrid microchip made of parallel PDMS channels in which oil droplets are sparsely distributed and serve as deformable obstacles. We thus show that cells strongly deform droplets while passing them. Then, we show that the microdevice can be used to study the influence of drugs on migration at the population level. Finally, we describe a quantitative analysis method of the droplet deformation that allows measuring in real-time the mechanical stress exerted by a single cell. The method presented herein thus constitutes a powerful analytical tool for cell migration studies under confinement.
Unexpected electronic structure of the alloyed and doped arsenene sheets: First-Principles calculations
Authors: Liu Ming-Yang , Huang Yang , Chen Qing-Yuan , Cao Chao , He Yao 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe study the equilibrium geometry and electronic structure of alloyed and doped arsenene sheets based on the density functional theory calculations. AsN, AsP and SbAs alloys possess indirect band gap and BiAs is direct band gap. Although AsP, SbAs and BiAs alloyed arsenene sheets maintain the semiconducting character of pure arsenene, they have indirect-direct and semiconducting-metallic transitions by applying biaxial strain. We find that B- and N-doped arsenene render p-type semiconducting character, while C- and O-doped arsenene are metallic character. Especially, the C-doped arsenene is spin-polarization asymmetric and can be tuned into the bipolar spin-gapless semiconductor by the external electric field. Moreover, the doping concentration can effectively affect the magnetism of the C-doped system. Finally, we briefly study the chemical molecule adsorbed arsenene. Our results may be valuable for alloyed and doped arsenene sheets applications in mechanical sensors and spintronic devices in the future.
Early hippocampal volume loss as a marker of eventual memory deficits caused by repeated stress
Authors: Rahman Mohammed Mostafizur , Callaghan Charlotte K. , Kerskens Christian M. , Chattarji Sumantra , O’Mara Shane M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExposure to severe and prolonged stress has detrimental effects on the hippocampus. However, relatively little is known about the gradual changes in hippocampal structure and its behavioral consequences, over the course of repeated stress. Behavioral analyses during 10 days of chronic stress pointed to a delayed decline in spatial memory, the full impact of which is evident only after the end of stress. In contrast, concurrent volumetric measurements in the same animals revealed significant reduction in hippocampal volumes in stressed animals relative to their unstressed counterparts, as early as the third day of stress. Notably, animals that were behaviorally the worst affected at the end of chronic stress suffered the most pronounced early loss in hippocampal volume. Together, these findings support the view that not only is smaller hippocampal volume linked to stress-induced memory deficits, but it may also act as an early risk factor for the eventual development of cognitive impairments seen in stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Strain-modulated ferromagnetism and band gap of Mn doped Bi2Se3
Authors: Qi Shifei , Yang Hualing , Chen Juan , Zhang Xiaoyang , Yang Yingping , Xu Xiaohong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe quantized anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) have been theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed in magnetic topological insulators (TI), but dissipative channels resulted by small-size band gap and weak ferromagnetism make QAHE be measured only at extremely low temperature (<0.1 K). Through density functional theory calculations, we systemically study of the magnetic properties and electronic structures of Mn doped Bi2Se3 with in-plane and out-of-plane strains. It is found that out-of-plane tensile strain not only improve ferromagnetism, but also enlarge Dirac-mass gap (up to 65.6 meV under 6% strain, which is higher than the thermal motion energy at room temperature ~26 meV) in the Mn doped Bi2Se3. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of these tunable properties are also discussed. This work provides a new route to realize high-temperature QAHE and paves the way towards novel quantum electronic device applications.
Temporal windows of reproductive opportunity reinforce species barriers in a marine broadcast spawning assemblage
Authors: Monteiro Carla A. , Paulino Cristina , Jacinto Rita , Serrão Ester A. , Pearson Gareth A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPrezygotic isolating mechanisms act to limit hybridization and maintain the genetic identity of closely-related species. While synchronous intraspecific spawning is a common phenomenon amongst marine organisms and plays an important role in reproductive success, asynchronous spawning between potentially hybridizing lineages may also be important in maintaining species boundaries. We tested this hypothesis by comparing reproductive synchrony over daily to hourly timescales in a sympatric assemblage of intertidal fucoid algae containing selfing hermaphroditic (Fucus spiralis and Fucus guiryi) and dioecious (Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus) species. Our results confirm that gametes are released on semi-lunar cycles in all species. However, sister species with different mating systems showed asynchronous spawning at finer circadian timescales, thus providing evidence for a partial reproductive barrier between hermaphroditic and dioecious species. Finally, our data also emphasize the ecological, developmental, and/or physiological constraints that operate to restrict reproduction to narrow temporal windows of opportunity in the intertidal zone and more generally the role of ecological factors in marine speciation.
Tropomodulin-3 is essential in asymmetric division during mouse oocyte maturation
Authors: Jo Yu-Jin , Jang Woo-In , Kim Nam-Hyung , Namgoong Suk 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe dynamic polymerization and depolymerization of actin filaments is essential for various cellular processes such as cell migration, rotation, cytokinesis, and mammalian oocyte maturation. Tropomodulin 3 (Tmod3) binds to the slow-growing (pointed) ends of the actin filament, thereby protecting the filament from depolymerization. However, the roles of Tmod3 in mammalian oocyte maturation remain elusive. Tmod3 mRNA and protein is present at all stages of mouse oocyte maturation. Tmod3 protein is mainly localized in the cytoplasm and appears enriched near the chromosome during maturation. By knocking down or ectopically overexpressing Tmod3, we confirmed that Tmod3 regulate the level of the intracytoplasmic actin mesh and asymmetric spindle migration. Expression of N-terminal Tmod3 (correspond to 1–155 amino acids), which contains the tropomyosin-binding site, results in decreased density of the actin mesh, thereby demonstrating the importance of the interaction between tropomyosin and tropomodulin for the maintenance of the actin mesh. Taken together, these findings indicate that Tmod3 plays crucial roles in oocyte maturation, presumably by protecting the actin filament from depolymerization and thereby controlling the density of the cytoplasmic actin mesh.
Molecular cloning, expression and the adjuvant effects of interleukin-8 of channel catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus) against Streptococcus iniae
Authors: Wang Erlong , Wang Jun , Long Bo , Wang Kaiyu , He Yang , Yang Qian , Chen Defang , Geng Yi , Huang Xiaoli , Ouyang Ping , Lai Weimin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInterleukin-8 (IL-8) as an important cytokine involving in inflammatory and immune response, has been studied as effective adjuvants for vaccines in mammals. However, there are fewer reports about the characterization and adjuvant effects of IL-8 in fish. In this study, cloning and sequence analysis of IL-8 coding region of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were conducted, mature IL-8(rtIL-8) was expressed and evaluated for its adjuvant effects on the immunoprotection of subunit vaccine encoding α-enolase (rENO) of Streptococcus iniae from several aspects in channel catfish. The results showed co-vaccination of rENO with rtIL-8 enhanced immune responses including humoral and cellular immunity, with higher relative percent survival(RPS,71.4%) compared with the moderate RPS of rENO alone(50%) against S. iniae infection at 4 week post vaccination. While rtIL-8 failed to maintain long-lasting immune protection, only with RPS of 26.67% in rENO + rtIL-8-vaccinated fish compared with that of rENO alone(20%) at 8 week, signifying that IL-8 hold promise for use as potential immunopotentiator in vaccines against bacterial infections in fish, whereas it is insufficient to extend the immunoprotection for long time and further studies are required to understand the mechanisms of IL-8 used as an adjuvant and seek for more effective way to strengthen the adjuvanticity of IL-8.
Highly conductive and flexible color filter electrode using multilayer film structure
Authors: Han Jun Hee , Kim Dong-Young , Kim Dohong , Choi Kyung Cheol 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a high performance flexible component that serves as a color filter and an electrode simultaneously is suggested. The suggested highly conductive and flexible color filter electrode (CFE) has a multilayer film structure composed of silver (Ag) and tungsten trioxide (WO3). The CFE maintained its color filtering capability even when the films were bent on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. Low sheet resistance of the CFE was obtained using WO3 as a bridge layer that connects two Ag layers electrically. The sheet resistance was less than 2 Ω/sq. and it was negligibly changed after bending the film, confirming the flexibility of the CFE. The CFE can be easily fabricated using a thermal evaporator and is easily patterned by photolithography or a shadow mask. The proposed CFE has enormous potential for applications involving optical devices including large area devices and flexible devices.
Time dependent DFT investigation of the optical response in pristine and Gd doped Al2O3
Authors: Kumavat Sandip , Chakraborty Sudip , Rahane Amol B. , Deshpande Mrinalini D. , Ahuja Rajeev 
Published: July 2016

The optical absorption spectra and static polarizabilities for the lowest energy configurations of Al2O3 and Gd doped (Al2O3)n clusters (n = 1–10) are investigated based on the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) formalism.
Consumer evaluation of ‘Veggycation®’, a website promoting the health benefits of vegetables
Authors: Rekhy Reetica , Khan Aila , van Ogtrop Floris , McConchie Robyn 
Published: July 2016

Issue addressedWhether the website Veggycation® appeals to particular groups of consumers significantly more than other groups.MethodsAustralian adults aged 18 years (n = 1000) completed an online survey. The website evaluation instrument used was tested for validity and reliability. Associations between demographic variables and website evaluation dimensions of attractiveness, content, user‐friendliness and loyalty intentions were examined using a general linear model (GLM). The appraisal of the website was further investigated based on the respondents' daily consumption level of vegetables and the importance they attach to vegetable consumption in their diet, using GLM and a Tukey's all‐pair comparison.ResultsVeggycation® has a high level of acceptance among the Australian community with certain groups evaluating the website more favourably. These include women, people aged 29 years, higher income respondents, non‐metro respondents and those who viewed vegetables as extremely important in their daily diet.ConclusionsCustomisation of the website for consumer groups with low vegetable consumption is recommended. Designing tailored communication tools will assist in enhancing the knowledge base of vegetable‐related health benefits and may promote vegetable consumption among the Australian population.So what?The promotion of higher vegetable consumption is aided by tailored, well‐designed web communication. This study adds to the existing body of knowledge for the education of organisations developing e‐tools for promoting health education and literacy.