bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiome of the Paranasal Sinuses: Update and Literature Review
Authors: Lee Jivianne T. , Frank Daniel N. , Ramakrishnan Vijay 
Published: February 2016

Background Our understanding of the resident microbiome of the paranasal sinuses has changed considerably in recent years. Once presumed to be sterile, healthy sinus cavities are now known to harbor a diverse assemblage of microorganisms, and, it is hypothesized that alterations in the kinds and quantities of these microbes may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Objectives To review the current literature regarding the sinus microbiome and collate research findings from relevant studies published to date. Methods A systematic literature review was performed on all molecular studies that investigated the microbial communities of the paranasal sinuses. Methods of detection, microbiome composition, and comparative profiling between patients with and without CRS were explored. Results A complex consortium of microorganisms has been demonstrated in the sinuses of both patients with and without CRS. However, the latter generally have been characterized by reduced biodiversity compared with controls, with selective enrichment of particular microbes (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus). Such disruptions in the resident microbiome may contribute to disease pathogenesis by enhancing the virulence of potential pathogens and adversely modulating immune responses. Conclusion The advent of culture-independent molecular approaches has led to a greater appreciation of the intricate microbial ecology of the paranasal sinuses. Microbiota composition, distribution, and abundance impact mucosal health and influence pathogen growth and function. A deeper understanding of the host-microbiome relationship and its constituents may encourage development of new treatment paradigms for CRS, which target restoration of microbiome homeostasis and cultivation of optimal microbial communities.
Correlation of Skin Test Results and Specific Immunoglobulin E Blood Levels with Nasal Provocation Testing for House-Dust Mite Allergies
Authors: Haxel Boris R. , Huppertz Tilman , Boessert Patrick , Bast Florian , Fruth Kai 
Published: February 2016

Background Allergen-specific immunotherapy for house-dust mite (HDM) allergies is associated with lower success rates when compared with similar treatments for other inhalant allergens, such as grass or birch. One reason might be the greater difficulty in diagnosing patients with assumed HDM allergies because symptoms occur perennially and may differ from those of a conventional allergic rhinitis. Objective The aim of the study was to compare the different methods of diagnosis in patients with assumed HDM allergy. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of nasal provocation tests (NPT) from patients (n = 161) evaluated for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (n = 127) and Dermatophagoides farinae (n = 104) allergies, and compared the results with other allergen testing methods (skin-prick test [SPT], intracutaneous test, and allergen specific immunoglobulin E levels [sIgE] to detect sensitization). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used for the analyses and the areas under the curve were calculated. Results For D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, 86 and 70 complete data files, respectively, were available. For both tested HDMs, the results of the receiver operating characteristic curves showed a significant correlation for SPT and sIgE, with the results of the NPT (area under the curve, 0.742 to 0.763) but not for the intracutaneous test. In patients with a positive SPT (≤3 mm), an allergy was confirmed by the NPT in 69% of cases for D. pteronyssinus and 71% for D. farinae. A positive sIgE result (ImmunoCAP class of ≤2) was verified by the NPT in 69% of cases (D. pteronyssinus) and 70% (D. farinae). Conclusion The predictability value for a positive NPT result is best for SPT and sIgE. Nevertheless, even if the results of both test systems are combined, the positive predictive value that was achieved was only 0.77 for D. pteronyssinus and 0.69 for D. farinae. Therefore, in patients eligible for immunotherapy for HDM, an NPT should be performed before the start of the therapy to verify a clinically relevant allergy.
Indications and Outcomes for Draf IIB Frontal Sinus Surgery
Authors: Turner Justin H. , Vaezeafshar Reza , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: February 2016

Background Extended frontal surgery techniques are often required when maximal medical therapy and standard endoscopic surgical approaches fail in patients. Although outcomes of the Draf III (modified Lothrop) procedure have been widely reported, postoperative outcomes and indications for the Draf IIB frontal sinusotomy have been relatively underreported. We presented our institution's experience with the Draf IIB procedure. Methods Patients who underwent the Draf IIB frontal sinusotomy between 2007 and 2012 were identified by retrospective chart review. Data collected included demographics, imaging, sinus patency, and Sino-nasal Outcome Test 20 scores. Results A total of 22 Draf IIB frontal sinusotomies were performed in 18 patients. Thirteen of eighteen patients had previous frontal sinus surgery. The most common indications for the extended approach were chronic frontal sinusitis due to lateralized middle turbinate remnant (8 patients), mucocele (6), postoperative synechiae (5), and frontal sinus mass (3). Sinus ostium patency was maintained in 20 of 22 sinuses over an average follow-up period of 16.2 months. No complications were reported. Conclusions The Draf IIB frontal sinusotomy is a relatively safe procedure, with multiple indications. Long-term sinus ostium patency was maintained in >90% of operated sinuses, which indicated that the Draf IIB procedure may present an acceptable alternative to more aggressive extended frontal sinus approaches in selected patients.
Stratégies immobilières et mutations résidentielles dans les quartiers historiques de Bordeaux
Authors: Genty Michel 
Published: February 2016

Resumen. — Estrategia inmobiliaria y cambios residenciales en el centro histórico de Bordeaux. Durante los años 80, fueron emprendidas en el centro histórico de Bordeaux, declarado sector protegido, unas operaciones importantes de rehabilitation del patrimonio inmobiliario cuyos hitos fureon la oneración de la zona de la Tour de Gassies, la de la « O.P.A.H. » de las Tres Plazas en el barrio de Saint-Pierre, las del barrio de Saint-Michel. A pesar de las ayudas otorgadas a los constructores de tipo asociativo y de las subvenciones bonificadas concedidas localmente por la A.N.A.H. a los propietarios arrendadores, la rehabilitación de viviendas sociales, sin ser desdeñable, resulta modesta. Al revés se desarrolla une restauración de carácter privado de gran amplitud : los contratistas son las Associations Foncières Libres (A.F.U.L.) que atraen a los propietarios por las posibilidades de deducción fiscal. En este marco se rehabilitan cada año 500 pisos de reducidas dimensiones
con alquileres libres elevados, lo cual acarrea un evidente cambio social en a población residente de los barrios históricos.
DNA microsatellite markers for Swartzia glazioviana (Fabaceae), a threatened species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Spoladore Janaína , Mansano Vidal F. , Dias de Freitas Luan C. , Sebbenn Alexandre M. , Lemes Maristerra R. 
Published: February 2016

Premise of the study:Development and characterization of a set of DNA microsatellite markers for Swartzia glazioviana (Fabaceae), a naturally rare and threatened tree species, were carried out to investigate its conservation genetics.Methods and Results:Through an enriched genomic library procedure, 10 DNA microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the species. The mean expected heterozygosity was 0.776 (0.424–0.894). Cross‐species amplifications of these loci were successfully tested for six congener taxa (S. apetala var. apetala, S. flaemingii, S. langsdorffii, S. macrostachya, S. myrtifolia var. elegans, and S. simplex var. continentalis).Conclusions:The 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers developed are quite informative and will provide a valuable resource to study the population and conservation genetics of S. glazioviana and other Swartzia species.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION ON THE STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE OF EXOPLANETS
Authors: Guo J. H. , Ben-Jaffel Lotfi 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
By varying the profiles of stellar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral energy distributions (SEDs), we tested the influences of stellar EUV SEDs on the physical and chemical properties of an escaping atmosphere. We apply our model to study four exoplanets: HD 189733b, HD 209458b, GJ 436b, and Kepler-11b. We find that the total mass loss rates of an exoplanet, which are determined mainly by the integrated fluxes, are moderately affected by the profiles of the EUV SED, but the composition and species distributions in the atmosphere can be dramatically modified by the different profiles of the EUV SED. For exoplanets with a high hydrodynamic escape parameter (λ), the amount of atomic hydrogen produced by photoionization at different altitudes can vary by one to two orders of magnitude with the variation of stellar EUV SEDs. The effect of photoionization of H is prominent when the EUV SED is dominated by the low-energy spectral region (400–900 Å), which pushes the transition of H/H+ to low altitudes. In contrast, the transition of H/H+ moves to higher altitudes when most photons are concentrated in the high-energy spectral region (50–400 Å). For exoplanets with a low λ, the lower temperatures of the atmosphere make many chemical reactions so important that photoionization alone can no longer determine the composition of the escaping atmosphere. For HD 189733b, it is possible to explain the time variability of Lyα between 2010 and 2011 by a change in the EUV SED of the host K-type star, yet invoking only thermal H i in the atmosphere.
SYSTEMATICS-INSENSITIVE PERIODIC SIGNAL SEARCH WITH K2
Authors: Angus Ruth , Foreman-Mackey Daniel , Johnson John A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
From pulsating stars to transiting exoplanets, the search for periodic signals in K2 data, Kepler’s two-wheeled extension, is relevant to a long list of scientific goals. Systematics affecting K2 light curves due to the decreased spacecraft pointing precision inhibit the easy extraction of periodic signals from the data. We here develop a method for producing periodograms of K2 light curves that are insensitive to pointing-induced systematics; the Systematics-insensitive Periodogram (SIP). Traditional sine-fitting periodograms use a generative model to find the frequency of a sinusoid that best describes the data. We extend this principle by including systematic trends, based on a set of “eigen light curves,” following Foreman-Mackey et al., in our generative model as well as a sum of sine and cosine functions over a grid of frequencies. Using this method we are able to produce periodograms with vastly reduced systematic features. The quality of the resulting periodograms are such that we can recover acoustic oscillations in giant stars and measure stellar rotation periods without the need for any detrending. The algorithm is also applicable to the detection of other periodic phenomena such as variable stars, eclipsing binaries and short-period exoplanet candidates. The SIP code is available at https://github.com/RuthAngus/SIPK2.
DO THE FERMI GAMMA-RAY BURST MONITOR AND SWIFT BURST ALERT TELESCOPE SEE THE SAME SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURSTS?
Authors: Burns Eric , Connaughton Valerie , Zhang Bin-Bin , Lien Amy , Briggs Michael S. , Goldstein Adam , Pelassa Veronique , Troja Eleonora 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Compact binary system mergers are expected to generate gravitational radiation detectable by ground-based interferometers. A subset of these, the merger of a neutron star with another neutron star or a black hole, are also the most popular model for the production of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) trigger on short GRBs (SGRBs) at rates that reflect their relative sky exposures, with the BAT detecting 10 per year compared to about 45 for GBM. We examine the SGRB populations detected by Swift BAT and Fermi GBM. We find that the Swift BAT triggers on weaker SGRBs than Fermi GBM, providing they occur close to the center of the BAT field of view, and that the Fermi GBM SGRB detection threshold remains flatter across its field of view. Overall, these effects combine to give the instruments the same average sensitivity, and account for the SGRBs that trigger one instrument but not the other. We do not find any evidence that the BAT and GBM are detecting significantly different populations of SGRBs. Both instruments can detect untriggered SGRBs using ground searches seeded with time and position. The detection of SGRBs below the on-board triggering sensitivities of Swift BAT and Fermi GBM increases the possibility of detecting and localizing the electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave (GW) events seen by the new generation of GW detectors.
PROGENITORS OF TYPE IIb SUPERNOVAE IN THE LIGHT OF RADIO AND X-RAYS FROM SN 2013df
Authors: Kamble Atish , Margutti Raffaella , Soderberg Alicia M. , Chakraborti Sayan , Fransson Claes , Chevalier Roger , Powell Diana , Milisavljevic Dan , Parrent Jerod , Bietenholz Michael 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We present radio and X-ray observations of the nearby SN IIb 2013df in NGC 4414 from 10 to 250 days after the explosion. The radio emission showed a peculiar steep-to-shallow spectral evolution. We present a model in which inverse Compton cooling of synchrotron emitting electrons can account for the observed spectral and light curve evolution. A significant mass-loss rate,

yr−1 for a wind velocity of 10 km s−1, is estimated from the detailed modeling of radio and X-ray emission, which are primarily due to synchrotron and bremsstrahlung, respectively. We show that SN 2013df is similar to SN 1993J in various ways. The shock wave speed of SN 2013df was found to be average among the radio supernovae;

. We did not find any significant deviation from smooth decline in the light curve of SN 2013df. One of the main results of our self-consistent multiband modeling is the significant deviation from energy equipartition between magnetic fields and relativistic electrons behind the shock. We estimate

. In general for SNe IIb, we find that the presence of bright optical cooling envelope emission is linked with free–free radio absorption and bright thermal X-ray emission. This finding suggests that more extended progenitors, similar to that of SN 2013df, suffer from substantial mass loss in the years before the supernova.
IDCS J1426.5+3508: WEAK LENSING ANALYSIS OF A MASSIVE GALAXY CLUSTER AT z = 1.75
Authors: Mo Wenli , Gonzalez Anthony , Jee M. James , Massey Richard , Rhodes Jason , Brodwin Mark , Eisenhardt Peter , Marrone Daniel P. , Stanford S. A. , Zeimann Gregory R. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a weak lensing study of the galaxy cluster IDCS J1426.5+3508 at z = 1.75, which is the highest-redshift strong lensing cluster known and the most distant cluster for which a weak lensing analysis has been undertaken. Using F160W, F814W, and F606W observations with the Hubble Space Telescope, we detect tangential shear at 2σ significance. Fitting a Navarro–Frenk–White mass profile to the shear with a theoretical median mass-concentration relation, we derive a mass

M
⊙. This mass is consistent with previous mass estimates from the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect, X-ray, and strong lensing. The cluster lies on the local SZ–weak lensing mass scaling relation observed at low redshift, indicative of minimal evolution in this relation.
La sagesse présocratique
Authors: Année Magali 
Published: February 2016

R ésumé. À travers l’« écoute » linguistique – à laquelle semble nous enjoindre Héraclite lui-même – de quelques fragments significatifs (22 B 1, 19, 34, 50, 79, 108, 128, 2, 40, 60, 15, 91, 99, 64, 32, 80, 65 et 93 DK 1 ), il s’agit de mettre en évidence qu’Héraclite n’est pas autre chose que l’un des plus illustres poiètes -savants de son temps, c’est-à-dire l’un des plus illustres savants-artisans d’une langue de savoir façonnée par une tradition multiséculaire et qui n’a d’existence réelle que proférée oralement devant un auditoire donné. Ou plus exactement, de montrer qu’en construisant son discours fragmentaire, sans début ni fin, autour du λόγος pris dans son sens général et englobant de « langage capable de rendre compte », celui-ci entend s’ériger comme le plus illustre de ces savants, parce que le plus parfait polymathe qui soit. En effet, si l’on suit le fil interprétatif du λόγος dans sa conception archaïque sonore et polysémique (c’est-à-dire s’entendant pour rester mouvant et sonore, même fixé par une forme d’écriture), on s’aperçoit non seulement qu’ainsi, les grandes théories supposées héraclitéennes par la tradition semblent pouvoir se réconcilier, mais encore qu’Héraclite semble mettre son savoir poiétique (linguistique) au service de l’expression même de ce λόγος, dont on peut considérer qu’il définit la signification comme implacablement vraie, quel que soit le « sens » ou la « direction » que l’on prenne (fr. 60). La langue de savoir archaïque, le λόγος, tel qu’Héraclite le déploie, fait d’unités linguistiques qui n’ont de sens que liées toutes entre elles et de multiples façons au sein de l’ensemble qui les contient, contient tout, ce qu’il dit aussi bien que ce qu’il ne dit pas. Mais par un processus d’impersonnalisation énonciative généralisée, il fait plus : il est même le discours englobant de la communauté politique des hommes représentés par ils . Le λόγος d’Héraclite se révèle donc, avant toute autre chose, une stratégie linguistique unique et originale, destinée à fonder l’autorité suprême de sa parole et à instaurer un savoir polymathe , capable de rendre compte, dans le même temps, et du kosmos et du micro- kosme de la polis des hommes-citoyens.
La sagesse présocratique
Authors: Therme Anne-Laure 
Published: February 2016

R ésumé. Les oulophueis tupoi (31 B 62, 4 DK 1 ), ancêtres des humains, sont systématiquement assimilés à des ébauches informes qui, à la manière des androgynes du Banquet de Platon, auraient été ultérieurement scindées ou différenciées, notamment par la sexuation. Leur statut est crucial en tant qu’il engage la représentation tout entière du cycle cosmique empédocléen, en particulier quant à leur inscription dans le récit zoogonique en quatre étapes d’Aétius (31 A 72). Or les lectures qui, toutes, ont jusqu’ici assimilé les oulophueis tupoi à la troisième étape d’Aétius, ont pour ce faire dû corriger le témoignage, transformant le allèlophuôn des manuscrits en oulophuôn . Tout en maintenant l’hypothèse d’une double zoogonie, nous montrons qu’il est possible de donner sens à la leçon originale et de l’inscrire dans le système empédocléen : les oulophueis tupoi du fragment 62 pourraient très bien désigner, au lieu des êtres mixtes ultérieurement scindés de la lecture traditionnelle, les membres isolés sortis de terre à l’origine de la zoogonie, et ce dans chacun des deux mondes qui se forment au cours d’un cycle. Alors que notre interprétation pourrait sembler contredire la thèse d’un cycle cosmique où deux cosmogonies successives se constituent (l’une sous l’égide de Neikos, l’autre régie par Philotès), il apparaît au contraire que, loin d’être inconciliable, elle la renforce ; mais cela implique alors que les processus de production du vivant ne sont pas inversés selon un effet de miroir dans les deux mondes, mais identiques quelle que soit la phase cosmique – de sorte que ce sont bien les mêmes lois du devenir vivant qui sont toujours à l’œuvre dans un monde.
La sagesse présocratique
Authors: Centrone Bruno 
Published: February 2016

R ésumé. La reconstruction de la figure historique de Pythagore et du pythagorisme antique représente aujourd’hui encore l’une des questions les plus complexes de l’histoire de la pensée antique. Les sources antiques présentent diverses images de Pythagore qui sont difficiles à concilier entre elles : thaumaturge, homme politique et législateur, scientifique et philosophe, et cela se ressent en terme d’incertitude quant à la nature de l’antique association pythagoricienne : secte religieuse, parti politique, école scientifique ou philosophique ? En accordant une attention toute particulière au problème des sources, ce chapitre aborde la question de façon problématique, en cherchant à montrer de la façon la plus objective possible, les voies par lesquelles se sont formées les différentes traditions et les raisons pour lesquelles la critique semble encore aujourd’hui déchirée entre différentes images de Pythagore et du pythagorisme antique.
La sagesse présocratique
Authors: Desclos Marie-Laurence 
Published: February 2016

R ésumé. À quelle aire géographique rattacher les sophistes, dont les origines sont si diverses, diversité renforcée de surcroît par leur itinérance bien connue ? Y a-t-il quelque pertinence à les mobiliser dans la constitution d’une sagesse « présocratique », eux qui sont bien souvent contemporains de Socrate, voire de Platon ? Peut-on même les considérer comme des « sages » – ou des « savants –, lors même que, d’Aristophane à Aristote, on ne voit en eux au mieux que des rhéteurs, au pire que des éristiques, vénaux de surcroît, détenteurs illusoires d’un savoir prétendu ? Il convient cependant de remarquer qu’Athènes, l’Athènes de Périclès et son intense foisonnement intellectuel, leur fut terre commune ; que le critère chronologique n’en est pas vraiment un ; que tous, enfin, ne furent pas, ou ne furent pas seulement, rhéteurs ou éristiques. Le nom même qu’on leur donne, sophistes , loin de les ravaler au rang de petits « futés 1 », comme on l’a récemment écrit, les désigne comme les possesseurs d’un savoir ou d’une compétence dont l’actualisation les fait ce qu’ils sont : des « virtuoses », que ce soit en matière de poésie, d’art de la guerre, de musique, de mantique, de politique, de médecine, de gymnastique, d’arithmétique, de géométrie, d’astronomie, et d’autres choses encore. Polymathes, eux aussi, à leur façon.
La sagesse présocratique
Authors: Macé Arnaud , Therme Anne-Laure 
Published: February 2016

R ésumé. L'analyse du vocabulaire emprunté par Anaxagore à la description homérique du tri et de l'ordonnancement des armées par les chefs (diakrinein, diakosmein) – un vocabulaire que le poème homérique tirait quant à lui du travail des bergers et chevriers, voire même de l'activité de l'animal dominant dans le troupeau (bélier par exemple) – jette un jour différent sur l'activité organisatrice du Noûs. Par delà l'alternative du pur mécanisme et de la téléologie, ce que fait le Noûs peut être décrit comme une activité immanente de criblage et de tri, dont résulte un ordre global.