bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid receptor haplotype and metabolic syndrome: the Lifelines cohort study
Authors: Wester Vincent L , Koper Jan W , van den Akker Erica L T , Franco Oscar H , Stolk Ronald P , van Rossum Elisabeth F C 
Published: September 2016

Objective
An excess of glucocorticoids (Cushing’s syndrome) is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) features. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene influence sensitivity to glucocorticoids and have been associated with aspects of MetS. However, results are inconsistent, perhaps due to the heterogeneity of the studied populations and limited samples. Furthermore, the possible association between functional GR SNPs and prevalence of MetS remains unexplored.

Design
Cross-sectional population-based cohort study.

Methods
MetS presence and carriage of functional GR SNPs (BclI, N363S, ER22/23EK, GR-9beta) were determined in 12 552 adult participants from Lifelines, a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. GR SNPs were used to construct GR haplotypes.

Results
Five haplotypes accounted for 99.9% of all GR haplotypes found. No main effects of functional GR haplotypes on MetS were found, but the association of GR haplotype 4 (containing N363S) with MetS was influenced by interaction with age, sex and education status (P < 0.05). Stratified analysis revealed that haplotype 4 increased MetS presence in younger men (at or below the median age of 47; odds ratio 1.77, P = 0.005) and in people of low education status (odds ratio 1.48, P = 0.039).

Conclusions
A glucocorticoid receptor haplotype that confers increased sensitivity to glucocorticoids appears to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome, but only among younger men and less educated individuals, suggesting gene–environment interactions.
Rapid-sequence MRI for long-term surveillance for paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma in patients with succinate dehydrogenase mutations
Authors: Daniel Eleni , Jones Robert , Bull Matthew , Newell-Price John 
Published: September 2016

Background
Patients with SDHx mutations need long-term radiological surveillance for the development of paragangliomas and phaeochromocytomas, but no longitudinal data exist. The aim of the study was to assess the performance of rapid-sequence non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the long-term monitoring of patients with SDHx mutations.

Methods
Retrospective study between 2005 and 2015 at a University Hospital and regional endocrine genetics referral centre. Clinical and imaging data of 47 patients with SDHx mutations (SDHB (36), SDHC (6) and SDHD (5)) who had surveillance for detection of paragangliomas by rapid-sequence non-contrast MRI (base of skull to pubic symphysis) were collected.

Results
Twelve index cases (nine SDHB, one SDHC and two SDHD) and 35 mutation-positive relatives were monitored for a mean of 6.4 years (range 3.1–10.0 years). Mean age at the end of the study: SDHB 46.9 ± 17.6 years; SDHC 42.3 ± 24.4 years; SDHD 54.9 ± 10.6 years. On excluding imaging at initial diagnosis of index cases, 42 patients underwent 116 rapid-sequence MRI scans: 83 scans were negative and 31 scans were positive for sPGL/HNPGL in 13 patients. Most patients had multiple scans (n = number of patients (number of rapid-sequence MRI scans during screening)): n = 9 (2), n = 20 (3), n = 6 (4), n = 1 (6). Nine patients (three index) were diagnosed with new paragangliomas during surveillance and non-operated tumour size was monitored in nine patients. There were two false-positive scans (1.6%). Scans were repeated every 27 ± 9 months.

Conclusions
Biannual rapid-sequence non-contrast MRI is effective to monitor patients with SDHx mutations for detection of new tumours and monitoring of known tumours.
Motor Development Interventions for Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hughes Anita J. , Redsell Sarah A. , Glazebrook Cris 
Published: September 2016

CONTEXTS:
Preterm infants are at an increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay. Some studies report positive intervention effects on motor outcomes, but it is currently unclear which motor activities are most effective in the short and longer term.

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of the study was to identify interventions that improve the motor development of preterm infants.

DATA SOURCES:
An a priori protocol was agreed upon. Seventeen electronic databases from 1980 to April 2015 and gray literature sources were searched.

STUDY SELECTION:
Three reviewers screened the articles.

DATA EXTRACTION:
The outcome of interest was motor skills assessment scores. All data collection and risk of bias assessments were agreed upon by the 3 reviewers.

RESULTS:
Forty-two publications, which reported results from 36 trials (25 randomized controlled trials and 11 nonrandomized studies) with a total of 3484 infants, met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was conducted by using standardized mean differences on 21 studies, with positive effects found at 3 months (mean 1.37; confidence interval 0.48–2.27), 6 months (0.34; 0.11–0.57), 12 months (0.73; 0.20–1.26), and 24 months (0.28; 0.07–0.49). At 3 months, there was a large and significant effect size for motor-specific interventions (2.00; 0.28–3.72) but not generic interventions (0.33; –0.03 to –0.69). Studies were not excluded on the basis of quality; therefore, heterogeneity was significant and the random-effects model was used.

LIMITATIONS:
Incomplete or inconsistent reporting of outcome measures limited the data available for meta-analysis beyond 24 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
A positive intervention effect on motor skills appears to be present up to 24 months’ corrected age. There is some evidence at 3 months that interventions with specific motor components are most effective.
Trends in Health Care Spending for Children in Medicaid With High Resource Use
Authors: Agrawal Rishi , Hall Matt , Cohen Eyal , Goodman Denise M. , Kuo Dennis Z. , Neff John M. , O’Neill Margaret , Thomson Joanna , Berry Jay G. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVES:To assess characteristics associated with health care spending trends among child high resource users in Medicaid.METHODS:This retrospective analysis included 48 743 children ages 1 to 18 years continuously enrolled from 2009–2013 in 10 state Medicaid programs (Truven MarketScan Medicaid Database) also in the top 5% of all health care spending in 2010. Using multivariable regression, associations were assessed between baseline demographic, clinical, and health services characteristics (using 2009–2010 data) with subsequent health care spending (ie, transiently, intermittently, persistently high) from 2011–2013.RESULTS:High spending from 2011–2013 was transient for 54.2%, persistent for 32.9%, and intermittent for 12.9%. Regarding demographic characteristics, the highest likelihood of persistent versus transient spending occurred in children aged 13 to 18 years versus 1 to 2 years in 2010 (odds ratio [OR], 3.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.7–3.4]). Regarding clinical characteristics, the highest likelihoods were in children with ≥6 chronic conditions (OR, 4.8 [95% CI, 3.5–6.6]), a respiratory complex chronic condition (OR, 2.5 [95% CI, 2.2–2.8]), or a neuromuscular complex chronic condition (OR, 2.3 [95% CI, 2.2–2.5]). Hospitalization and emergency department (ED) use in 2010 were associated with a decreased likelihood of persistent spending in 2011–2013 (hospitalization OR, 0.7 [95% CI, 0.7–0.7]); ED OR, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.8–0.8]).CONCLUSIONS:Most children with high spending in Medicaid are without persistently high spending in subsequent years. Adolescent age, multiple chronic conditions, and certain complex chronic conditions increased the likelihood of persistently high spending; hospital and ED use decreased it. These data may help inform the development of new models of care and financing to optimize health and save resources in children with high resource use.
Caracterização Nutricional de Pacientes com Úlceras Crônicas de Membros Inferiores em Tratamento no Ambulatório de Feridas do Campus Cedeteg da UNICENTRO, Guarapuava-PR
Authors: Santos Michele Dal , Franco Silvana , Sanches Fabiane La Flor Ziegler , Rosalva Raquel , Hack Jaqueline , Meotti Nathália , Magro Marcela 
Published: September 2016

<p>Pacientes com úlceras crônicas, muitas vezes, apresentam hábitos alimentares inadequados que dificultam a cicatrização, seja pela falta de nutrientes ou pelo excesso destes. Sendo assim, objetivou-se caracterizar o estado nutricional e a prevalência de doenças crônicas de pacientes com úlceras nos membros inferiores em tratamento no Ambulatório de Feridas do Campus Cedeteg da Unicentro, Guarapuava - PR. Estudo transversal quantitativo, constituído por 36 pacientes. Os dados foram obtidos em formulários estruturados. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o programa SPSS versão 15.0 para Windows, considerando-se 5% de significância. As idades variaram de 40 a 76 anos. O tipo de úlcera mais presente na amostra foi a venosa com 72% (n=26), seguido de neuropática por hanseníase com 20% (n=7). A doença crônica mais prevalente foi hipertensão arterial sistêmica (52,8%), seguido de insuficiência venosa (30,6%), diabetes melittus (19,4%) e obesidade (33,3%). Segundo o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), 41,6% apresentou eutrofia e de acordo com a circunferência da cintura (CC), 75% da amostra apresentou a medida acima do recomendado. Os valores de ingestão de nutrientes encontraram-se abaixo do recomendado para homens e para mulheres para vitamina A (p=0,0001 e p=0,002), vitamina C (p=0,001 e 0,016), zinco (p=0,080 e p=0,001) e de proteínas somente para as mulheres (p=0,020). Ainda, o grupo dos homens, apresentou uma ingestão adequada de calorias e elevada de proteínas e ferro. Percebeu-se que esses pacientes necessitam de estratégias voltadas para a alimentação e controle das comorbidades, a fim de favorecer a cicatrização das úlceras.</p>
Ethical Considerations for Perinatal Toxicology Screening
Authors: Kohsman Mindy G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNeonatal nurses frequently care for babies who have been exposed in utero to potentially harmful substances, both licit and illicit. The risks to the fetus from nicotine, marijuana, alcohol, and opiates are significant. Adverse effects from environmental factors may confound pharmacologic effects of substances. Nurses are called to shift the perception of substance use disorder from that of willful harm to the fetus to that of an opportunity to provide treatment assistance that can positively affect child health and development. Concerns for unethical practices in the toxicology screening of pregnant women and their babies by risk factors that are unproven or disproven are discussed, and three goals of toxicology screening based on the ethical principles of justice and beneficence are proposed. This article will help equip neonatal nurses to fulfill their professional responsibility to advocate for just screening and referral practices in their institutions and communities.
Nonpharmacologic Management of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: An Integrative Review
Authors: Edwards Lindy , Brown Lisa F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNeonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) affects 3.39 in every 1,000 live births. A literature review was conducted to determine the varying types of nonpharmacologic management being used currently and its effect on the treatment of NAS symptoms. Fourteen articles were found that used nonpharmacologic management in the treatment of NAS. Therapies included breastfeeding, positioning, rooming-in, acupuncture/acupressure, and beds. Each of the nonpharmacologic therapies in these articles, with the exception of rocking beds, was shown to have a positive effect on the newborn with NAS. These effects include a shorter length of stay, a decrease in NAS scores, a decrease need for pharmacologic treatment, less agitation, a better quality of sleep, and a decrease in the severity of NAS symptoms. This review article shows that nonpharmacologic management is an effective tool for NAS symptom treatment.
Pharmacotherapy for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Choosing the Right Opioid or No Opioid at All
Authors: McPherson Christopher 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNeonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) from in utero opioid exposure has reached epidemic levels in the United States. Although nonpharmacologic therapies form the foundation of care, many neonates require pharmacotherapy. Morphine represents the most widely used first-line agent and effectively treats the symptoms of withdrawal. However, methadone or buprenorphine may facilitate earlier discharge. Although phenobarbital is traditionally used when opioids fail, clonidine may be a more appropriate adjunctive agent to minimize negative neurodevelopmental impact. Consideration of the available data allows hospitals to generate effective pharmacologic strategies to manage NAS while further research continues.
Drug Screening in Neonates
Authors: Bell Susan Givens 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGestational substance exposure continues to be a significant problem. Neonates may be exposed to various substances including illicit drugs, prescription drugs, and other legal substances that are best not used during pregnancy because of their potential deleterious effects as possible teratogens or their potential to create dependence and thus withdrawal in the neonate. Screening the newborn for gestational substance exposure is important for both acute care and early intervention to promote the best possible long-term outcomes. This column provides insight into what is known about the extent of substance use by pregnant women, an overview of neonatal biologic matrices for drug testing, and a discussion of the legal implications of neonatal substance screening.
Housing Assistance and Blood Lead Levels: Children in the United States, 2005–2012
Authors: Ahrens Katherine A. , Haley Barbara A. , Rossen Lauren M. , Lloyd Patricia C. , Aoki Yutaka 
Published: September 2016

Objectives. To compare blood lead levels (BLLs) among US children aged 1 to 5 years according to receipt of federal housing assistance. Methods. In our analyses, we used 2005 to 2012 data for National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) respondents that were linked to 1999 to 2014 administrative records from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). After we restricted the analysis to children with family income-to-poverty ratios below 200%, we compared geometric mean BLLs and the prevalence of BLLs of 3 micrograms per deciliter or higher among children who were living in assisted housing at the time of their NHANES blood draw (n = 151) with data for children who did not receive housing assistance (n = 1099). Results. After adjustment, children living in assisted housing had a significantly lower geometric mean BLL (1.44 µg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31, 1.57) than comparable children who did not receive housing assistance (1.79 µg/dL; 95% CI = 1.59, 2.01; P < .01). The prevalence ratio for BLLs of 3 micrograms per deciliter or higher was 0.51 (95% CI = 0.33, 0.81; P < .01). Conclusions. Children aged 1 to 5 years during 2005 to 2012 who were living in HUD-assisted housing had lower BLLs than expected given their demographic, socioeconomic, and family characteristics.
Automatización de procesos en la administración de energía eléctrica en el área residencial
Authors: Nava Víctor , Fabelo Ricardo , Romero Juan 
Published: September 2016

Esta investigación presenta el diseño e implementación de una “Automatización de Procesos en la Administración de Energía Eléctrica” (APAEE) en el área residencial. El sistema consiste en un software de administración de energía eléctrica que funciona en una computadora de control central que se conecta a través de una red inalámbrica bajo el estándar IEEE 802.15.4 y una topología en malla a dispositivos remotos encargados de controlar los servicios de iluminación y climatización en una residencia en función del consumo de electricidad y parámetros establecidos por los usuarios. El hardware está basado en microcontroladores AVR® XMEGA® de la marca Atmel®. Un estudio en los patrones de consumo de electricidad en una residencia es llevado a cabo en el desarrollo de los algoritmos de control, por medio de la instalación de sensores que detectan presencia de personas y estado de conmutación tanto de lámparas como del ventilador y compresor en acondicionadores de aire. En base a los resultados obtenidos, el diseño y simulación de los algoritmos de control han de ser realizados en Matlab® para posteriormente ser implementados en el software de control. El desarrollo de la APAEE reducirá considerablemente el consumo de electricidad en el área residencial.
Is Casting for Non-Displaced Simple Scaphoid Waist Fracture Effective? A CT Based Assessment of Union
Authors: Grewal Ruby , Suh Nina , MacDermid Joy C. 
Published: September 2016

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to report the union rate and time to union for acute non-displaced scaphoid waist fractures treated with a short arm thumb spica cast.

Methods:
A database was searched (2006-2013) to identify acute undisplaced scaphoid waist fractures. Cases that were not given a trial of casting were excluded (n=33). X-rays, CT scans and health records for each patient were reviewed to extract data.

Results:
172 patients met inclusion criteria. There were 138 males, 34 females, the mean age was 30 ± 16 years. The union rate was 99.4% (1 nonunion/172 subjects). The mean time to union was approximately 7.5 weeks (53 ± 37 days). Energy of injury, age or gender did not affect union rates or time to union. Cysts did not affect the union rate (p=0.73) but patients with cystic resorption along the fracture line required approximately 10 weeks for union (69 ± 60 days) compared to 7 weeks (51 ± 34 days) for those without cysts (p=0.05). Diabetes did not affect the union rate (p=0.81) but was found to increase the risk of delayed union (p=0.05). There was a weak, but statistically significant correlation between the number of days before the fracture was casted and the length of time needed to achieve union (r=0.27, p=0.001).

Conclusion:
Non-displaced scaphoid waist fractures have a high healing rate with appropriate identification and immobilization. Follow-up CT scans to assess healing can identify union within a shorter time frame (~7 weeks) than previously reported in the literature.
A Multiple Case Study on the Nature and Management of Shadow Information Technology
Authors: Zimmermann Stephan , Rentrop Christopher , Felden Carsten 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
In several organizations, business workgroups autonomously implement information technology (IT) outside the purview of the IT department. Shadow IT, evolving as a type of workaround from nontransparent and unapproved end-user computing (EUC), is a term used to refer to this phenomenon, which challenges norms relative to IT controllability. This report describes shadow IT based on case studies of three companies and investigates its management. In 62 percent of cases, companies decided to reengineer detected instances or reallocate related subtasks to their IT department. Considerations of risks and transaction cost economics with regard to specificity, uncertainty, and scope explain these actions and the resulting coordination of IT responsibilities between the business workgroups and IT departments. This turns shadow IT into controlled business-managed IT activities and enhances EUC management. The results contribute to the governance of IT task responsibilities and provide a way to formalize the role of workarounds in business workgroups.
Potential Employees' Ethical Perceptions of Active Monitoring: The Dark Side of Data Analytics
Authors: Holt Matthew , Lang Bradley , Sutton Steve G. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Employees are increasingly monitored through integrated, data analytic-driven continuous (i.e., active) monitoring systems that analyze a wealth of data concerning their behaviors and actions. While use of these active monitoring systems has been advocated for improved performance measurement, increased productivity, and reduced costs, discussion has generally ignored the ethical implications of such monitoring as well as the impact on employees' morale and views of the organization. This study investigates these issues through application of contractarian ethics in the experimental examination of employees' beliefs and intentions based on organizational monitoring practices. In the first experiment, the level of monitoring and pay are varied to understand potential employees' perspectives on organizational ethics, willingness to accept a job with an organization, and their likely job satisfaction. While pay may sway willingness to accept a job and even the level of satisfaction, pay does not affect potential employees' ethical perceptions of the organization. Under high monitoring situations, potential employees consistently rate the ethics of the organization as poor. In a second experiment, four justifications that the literature suggests employers may provide for using employee monitoring are found to have no effect on employees' views about the organization in a high monitoring environment.
Data Availability: Please contact the authors.
Effectiveness of a motionless ultrasonic toothbrush in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances
Authors: Saruttichart Thayika , Chantarawaratit Pintu-on , Leevailoj Chalermpol , Thanyasrisung Panida , Pitiphat Waranuch , Matangkasombut Oranart 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of a motionless ultrasonic toothbrush to a manual toothbrush in reducing dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and mutans streptococci in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-five orthodontic patients were recruited to this crossover study. The patients were randomized into two groups starting with manual or motionless ultrasonic toothbrushes for 30 days. After a 30-day washout period, the patients switched to the other toothbrush type for 30 days. Plaque and gingival indices were evaluated by two calibrated-blinded examiners before and after each 30-day period of brushing. Salivary samples were also collected for quantification of mutans streptococci.
Results: On the bracket side, the motionless ultrasonic toothbrush showed a significantly higher mean plaque index bracket score after 30-day usage than baseline (P = .049), while the manual toothbrush group showed no difference between the before and after brushing periods (P = .10). The changes in plaque index bracket score were significantly more favorable in the manual toothbrush group than in the ultrasonic toothbrush group (P = .04). In contrast, no difference was observed on the nonbracket side. There was no significant difference in the changes of gingival index or the numbers of mutans streptococci between the two groups.
Conclusion: Manual toothbrushing performed better than brushing with the motionless ultrasonic toothbrush in plaque removal on the bracket side in orthodontic patients. However, no difference was observed in terms of gingival status and the numbers of mutans streptococci.