bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A World Café Approach to Exploring Perspectives on Diabetes Stigma in the United Kingdom
Authors: Burton Amy Elizabeth , Owen Alison , Taylor Jennifer , Dean Sarah Elizabeth , Povey Rachel 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionResearch has found that a high percentage of people with diabetes experience stigma, with perceptions of stigma being significantly higher among people with Type 1 diabetes compared to those with Type 2 diabetes. These experiences of diabetes stigma can lead to psychological, behavioural and medical consequences. The aim of the current study was to explore the perceptions of diabetes stigma and propose strategies for addressing this from the perspective of key stakeholders.MethodsA mixed methods design was used, commencing with an online qualitative survey (n = 128) and followed by a World Café (n = 11), where attendees reflected on their own experiences with stigma and discussed the survey findings.ResultsThe survey indicated that 75% of those with Type 1 diabetes and 51% with Type 2 had experienced diabetes stigma. The World Café identified three main areas that participants felt impacted their experiences with stigma or had the potential to help improve stigma: healthcare interactions, public awareness and media representations.ConclusionsThe findings supported previous research showing that diabetes stigma is prevalent among people with diabetes. The World Café was an excellent means of sharing knowledge and experiences among stakeholders, the findings of which will inform strategies to bring about change.Patient or Public ContributionWorld Café is a collaborative method where stakeholders contribute to the production and analysis of data through rounds of discussion and feedback.
Co‐extract of green tea and black rice: incremental effect of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties and their freeze‐dried double emulsion encapsulated powder
Authors: Salee Nuttinee , Chaiyana Wantida , Anuchapreeda Songyot , Neimkhum Waranya , Naruenartwongsakul Srisuwan , Chaisan Worrapob , Utama‐ang Niramon 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe study explored the combination effect between of green tea extract (GTE) and black rice extract (BRE) and the encapsulation process of the co‐extract. A 2:1 (w/w) ratio of GTE to BRE in citric aqueous solution at pH 6 showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.306 mg mL−1) with the strongest incremental effect (combination index = 0.547). It exhibited potent anti‐inflammatory effects, with sirtuin 1 enzyme‐stimulating activity (28.593 of fluorescent intensity) and NF‐κB protein suppression in RAW 264.7 macrophages (57.76% at 100 μg mL−1). Freeze‐dried double emulsion encapsulated powder (CEP) with the highest encapsulation efficiency (73.38%) and total polyphenol content (218.28 mg GAE g−1) was prepared using a lecithin to O phase ratio of 2:25 (w/w) and a chitosan‐carboxymethyl cellulose to W1/O emulsion phase ratio of 1:1 (w/w). Our findings suggest utilising CEP as a compound in functional food by contributing to improved health and well‐being.
Deep processing and comprehensive utilisation of edible mushroom resources
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Hong , Yan Jing‐Kun , Qin Yuyue 
Published: September 2024

SummaryEdible mushrooms have become an important global ingredient due to their rich nutrients and delicious taste. However, their high moisture content, abundant bioactive components and susceptibility to microbial contamination led to a relatively short shelf‐life. Therefore, extensive research on the active ingredients, bioactivity and preservation techniques of mushrooms is crucial for enhancing the rapid development and increasing acceptance of the mushroom industry. Furthermore, the comprehensive utilisation of by‐products from mushroom processing and the diversified development of mushroom products are important means to increase the added value of the mushroom industry. Therefore, through the aforementioned research, the sustainable and healthy development of the mushroom industry can be promoted.
Electrostatic spinning membranes of eugenol liposome‐loaded polyvinyl alcohol: preparation, characterisation and performance studies
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Xu Hang , Yang Sijia , Zhu Jun , Li Shujing , Zhang Ze 
Published: September 2024

SummaryEugenol is the main antioxidant and antimicrobial component of essential oils, however, its volatility and water solubility limit its application. In this study, eugenol liposomes (Eug‐Lip) by the ethanol injection method. The average particle size of Eug‐Lip was measured to be between 40 and 70 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.2934, a potential between −30 and −60 mV, and an encapsulation rate of 87.12%. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐based nanofiber membrane (Eug‐Lip‐NF) was prepared by the electrostatic spinning technique. This not only improved the water solubility and stability of eugenol, but also extended its release time and preserved its biological activity. The high‐voltage electric field facilitates the retention of the antioxidant ability of the membrane, as well as the inhibition of both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). These results indicate that the combination of liposome and electrostatic spinning technology provides feasibility and promise for eugenol in food and medicine fields.
Introduction: la formalisation du travail domestique rémunéré – trajectoires actuelles et obstacles à surmonter
Authors: JAEHRLING Karen , PEREYRA Francisca , POBLETE Lorena 
Published: September 2024

RésuméDepuis l'adoption par l'OIT de la convention n° 189 sur les travailleuses et travailleurs domestiques, la formalisation est au cœur des politiques publiques. Les progrès restent cependant lents: de nouvelles lois relatives au travail et à la protection sociale améliorent la couverture légale, mais elles sont trop peu appliquées, si bien que ces droits ne sont pas effectifs. Dans cette introduction, les autrices explorent les dynamiques et facteurs qui influent sur la formalisation effective, de même que les situations intermédiaires existant entre travail formel et travail informel. Elles mettent ainsi en lumière le pouvoir d'agir de différents acteurs au niveau macro, méso et micro.
Plateformes numériques et travail domestique en Italie: l'introduction d'une logique d'entreprise et ses conséquences sur la protection sociale
Authors: PAIS Ivana , MARCOLIN Arianna 
Published: September 2024

RésuméLes autrices explorent l'hétérogénéité des plateformes de travail domestique à partir de deux exemples italiens, celui de Helpling, une plateforme qui met en relation l'offre et la demande, et celui de Batmaid, qui salarie directement des travailleurs domestiques. L'analyse montre que dans certains cas les plateformes numériques font entrer une logique d'entreprise dans un secteur d'où elle était absente, offrant potentiellement la possibilité d'introduire des négociations d'entreprise dans l'économie des plateformes et modèles similaires – ce que les syndicats n'ont pour l'heure pas envisagé en raison d'une non‐reconnaissance des besoins des travailleurs domestiques qui exercent leur activité via des plateformes numériques.
Approche participative de l'application des normes du travail dans le secteur du travail domestique: le cas de la Jamaïque
Authors: BLACK Simon , MARSH Lauren 
Published: September 2024

RésuméLes auteurs explorent le rôle des organisations de travailleurs domestiques dans l'application des normes du travail en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes. À partir de données qualitatives, ils étudient le cas du syndicat des travailleurs domestiques de la Jamaïque (JHWU) après la ratification de la convention n° 189 sur les travailleuses et travailleurs domestiques, 2011, et constatent que le syndicat contribue directement et indirectement à l'application des normes. Ils en déduisent que, même si elle ne remplace pas l'intervention publique, une approche participative peut être prometteuse et que l'expression et la représentation des travailleurs sont indispensables pour que la convention tienne sa promesse.
Variaciones entre países en la protección del trabajo doméstico desde la perspectiva de los regímenes de políticas
Authors: PAUL Anju Mary 
Published: September 2024

ResumenLos trabajadores domésticos son algunos de los más vulnerables y menos protegidos del mundo. Sin embargo, su protección varía de un país a otro. En este artículo se analiza desde la perspectiva de los regímenes de políticas cómo las ideas, el marco institucional y los grupos de interés determinan las diferencias en cuanto al grado de protección jurídica de los trabajadores domésticos en cada país. Se defiende la tesis de que la presencia favorable de los tres elementos es condición indispensable para instituir un sólido régimen de protección en el sector. Este modelo permite explicar los incompletos/frágiles regímenes del Pakistán, Singapur, Sudáfrica y Suecia.
Organizaciones de trabajadores domésticos y formas participativas de control del cumplimiento. El caso de Jamaica
Authors: BLACK Simon , MARSH Lauren 
Published: September 2024

ResumenEn este artículo se investiga la contribución de las organizaciones de trabajadores domésticos al control del cumplimiento de la legislación laboral. Se examina cualitativamente el caso del Sindicato de Trabajadores Domésticos de Jamaica tras la ratificación del Convenio sobre las trabajadoras y los trabajadores domésticos, 2011 (núm. 189) por este país. Se constata que el sindicato participa directa e indirectamente en los procesos de control. El enfoque participativo centrado en los trabajadores no sustituye a los mecanismos estatales, pero puede contribuir a la observancia en el sector y sugiere que la voz y la representación colectiva de los trabajadores son esenciales para cumplir las expectativas del convenio.
Microbe–disease associations prediction by graph regularized non‐negative matrix factorization with L2,1$$ {L}_{2,1} $$ norm regularization terms
Authors: Chen Ziwei , Zhang Liangzhe , Lu Yuxuan , Li Jingyi , Chen Hang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicrobes are involved in a wide range of biological processes and are closely associated with disease. Inferring potential disease‐associated microbes as the biomarkers or drug targets may help prevent, diagnose and treat complex human diseases. However, biological experiments are time‐consuming and expensive. In this study, we introduced a new method called iPALM‐GLMF, which modelled microbe–disease association prediction as a problem of non‐negative matrix factorization with graph dual regularization terms and norm regularization terms. The graph dual regularization terms were used to capture potential features in the microbe and disease space, and the norm regularization terms were used to ensure the sparsity of the feature matrices obtained from the non‐negative matrix factorization and to improve the interpretability. To solve the model, iPALM‐GLMF used a non‐negative double singular value decomposition to initialize the matrix factorization and adopted an inertial Proximal Alternating Linear Minimization iterative process to obtain the final matrix factorization results. As a result, iPALM‐GLMF performed better than other existing methods in leave‐one‐out cross‐validation and fivefold cross‐validation. In addition, case studies of different diseases demonstrated that iPALM‐GLMF could effectively predict potential microbial‐disease associations. iPALM‐GLMF is publicly available at https://github.com/LiangzheZhang/iPALM‐GLMF.
Impact of Polyonchobothrium magnum on health and gut microbial ecology of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): Insights from morphological, molecular, and microbiological analyses
Authors: Fouad Alamira Marzouk , Abo‐Al‐Ela Haitham G. , Negm Eman A. , Abdelhaseib Maha , Alian Abdallah , Abdelsater Naser , Said Rashad E. M. , Anwar Fatma A. S. , Assar Doaa H. , Mohamed Sara Abdel‐Aal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractParasites pose significant challenges to aquaculture and fisheries industries. Our study focuses on the Polyonchobothrium magnum and African catfish to address a potential health issue in aquaculture, explore host–parasite interactions that can help develop effective management practices to ensure fish health and industry sustainability. P. magnum was isolated from the stomach of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as the primary site of infection, with a prevalence of 10%. Most affected fish were heavily infected (8 out of 10). Infection was confirmed by sequencing the PCR‐targeted region of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene, along with light and scanning electron microscopes. The parasite had an elongated scolex with deep bothria, a prominent apical disc wider than the scolex itself, and a four‐lobed appearance. The scolex contained a central rostellum divided into two semicircles, bearing 26–30 hooks, with an average of 28. The apical disc had large hooks arranged in four quadrants, with 6–8 hooks each, averaging 7 per quadrant. No neck was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of our sequence showed a 100% match with isolates from Guangzhou, China. In infected fish, the anterior kidney showed increased expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B and lysozyme, but decreased levels of in major histocompatibility complex antigen II. Plasma analysis revealed a significant drop in superoxide dismutase, a rise in interleukin‐1 beta, and lower IgM levels compared to non‐infected controls. Non‐infected fish displayed greater gut microbiota diversity, with dominant families including Moraxellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, and Caulobacteraceae, and prevalent genera such as Acinetobacter, Cetobacterium, and Brevundimonas. In contrast, infected fish exhibited very low diversity, with significantly higher proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (45.99%) and Aeromonadaceae (41.79%) compared to non‐infected fish, which had 13.76% and 3.64% respectively. Cetobacterium somerae was prevalent in non‐infected fish, while infected fish harboured Aeromonas fluvialis, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Gallaecimonas xiamenensis. Overall, P. magnum disrupted the immune status and gut microbiota of the host, thereby impacting its health.
Telehealth availability and use among beneficiaries in Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage
Authors: Park Sungchul , Jung Hye‐Young , Yu Jiani 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedicare Advantage (MA) plans must cover all telehealth services offered by Traditional Medicare (TM), but have flexibility to provide additional telehealth services. It is not known whether these flexibilities are associated with telehealth availability and use. In this study, we examined differences in telehealth availability and use between TM and MA beneficiaries.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study analyzed beneficiaries who participated in the 2021 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. Our primary outcomes were telehealth availability and use, assessed both overall and by modality (telephone only, video only, and both). Our key independent variable was full‐year enrollment in MA versus TM. Differences in outcomes between TM and MA beneficiaries were estimated using logistic regression models that adjusted for beneficiary characteristics. The analysis of telehealth availability included all beneficiaries in the sample, while the analysis of telehealth use was limited to those offered telehealth services. In a secondary analysis, we examined differences between TM and MA beneficiaries in the availability of technology that may enable telehealth use and experience using the internet to seek information.ResultsAmong 8130 Medicare beneficiaries, MA beneficiaries were 2.9 (95% CI: 0.6–5.2) percentage points more likely to have a provider who offered telehealth services than TM beneficiaries, including both telephone and video options. However, MA beneficiaries were 3.5 (−6.7, −0.4) percentage points less likely to use telehealth services than TM beneficiaries. Video‐only options were used less frequently among MA beneficiaries compared to those in TM (−2.7 [−5.1, −0.3]). Despite lower telehealth use, MA beneficiaries had comparable or higher rates of technology access and internet experience compared to TM beneficiaries.ConclusionOur findings suggest that greater access to telehealth services among MA beneficiaries did not translate into greater telehealth use. Future research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms behind lower use of telehealth services among MA beneficiaries.
Meta‐Analysis of the Efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light and Pulsed‐Dye Laser Therapy in the Management of Rosacea
Authors: Zhai Qianyu , Cheng Shaohang , Liu Runying , Xie Jinying , Han Xiao , Yu Zhen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe primary aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to synthesize and compare the clinical efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) and pulsed‐dye laser (PDL) therapies for the management of rosacea.MethodsThe literatures were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies investigating the use of IPL and PDL for the treatment of rosacea. Screening of the retrieved articles and data extraction were performed as per the pre‐established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome measures evaluated in this meta‐analysis included clearance rates, erythema scores, and pain scores.ResultsThe meta‐analysis incorporated data from four studies involving a total of 141 participants. The meta‐analysis did not reveal a statistically significant difference between IPL and PDL in the rate of achieving greater than 50% clearance (RR = −0.07, 95% CI: −0.19, 0.05). However, the IPL group demonstrated a significantly higher rate of clearance exceeding 75% compared to the PDL group (RR = −0.13, 95% CI: −0.23, −0.04). The change in erythema index, a key measure of rosacea severity, was similar between the two treatment modalities (SMD = −0.15, 95% CI: −0.55, 0.26). Interestingly, the PDL group reported a notably lower VAS pain score than the IPL group (SMD = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.08, 3.00).ConclusionEither PDL or IPL appears to be effective modalities for the management of rosacea. IPL exhibits a slight advantage in achieving a higher rate of substantial (>75%) clearance, while PDL may be preferable for patients with lower tolerance for post‐treatment discomfort. However, the existing literature directly comparing these two laser/light‐based therapies is limited, warranting further well‐designed, large‐scale studies to establish the optimal treatment algorithm for this chronic inflammatory skin condition.
Consumption frequency of ultra‐processed foods and beverages among 6‐ to 36‐month‐olds in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Mwesigwa Catherine L. , Naidoo Sudeshni 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe nutrition transition in sub‐Saharan Africa has led to increased consumption of ultra‐processed foods in infancy, especially sweet foods. This has heightened the risk for nutrition‐related non‐communicable diseases, including dental caries and overweight/obesity, and promotes poor food choices later in life. The present study used a cross‐sectional design to investigate the consumption frequency of ultra‐processed foods and beverages among urban 6‐ to 36‐month‐olds attending four selected health facilities in Kampala using a standardised questionnaire and 24‐h diet recall record. The primary outcome was the consumption of at least one ultra‐processed food or beverage (UPFB) the previous day, and frequency of UPFB consumption of the week before was the secondary outcome. Four hundred and ten caregiver–child pairs were randomly recruited, 94% of caregivers being mothers with a mean age of 30.7 (±5.3) years. Fifty‐nine per cent of mothers and 73% of fathers had attained a college education. The median age of children was 18 months and 51% were female. Most children (57%) consumed at least one UPFB the previous day. In the week before, 69% had consumed UPFB frequently (4–7 days) which was significantly positively associated with maternal education (odds ratio [OR] = 2.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–7.96, p = 0.045) and child's age ([OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.62–5.08, p < 0.001], [OR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.88–7.20, p < 0.001]). In conclusion, the dietary habits of the surveyed Ugandan population were unhealthy, characterised by the frequent consumption of UPFB with added sugar. There is an urgent need to re‐enforce existing Ugandan food regulation guidelines and policies and to build strong nutritional education programmes to enhance health‐promoting environments in early childhood.
H218O vapour labelling reveals evidence of radial Péclet effects, but in not all leaves
Authors: Barbour Margaret M. , White Melissa A. , Liu Lulu 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Contradictory evidence exists regarding the relevance of Péclet‐like gradients in leaf water isotopes, making it difficult to accurately predict variation in isotope composition.

Here, we use H218O vapour labelling to directly test whether leaf water isotopes diffuse back into the xylem to be carried forward to more distal leaf portions. Backward diffusion has been assumed, due to observations of increasing enrichment towards the tip and outer edges of some leaves. Further complicating the selection of leaf water isotope models is the observation that some, but not all, leaves demonstrate a radial Péclet effect in bulk leaf water and that the hydraulic design of leaves may influence the development of isotope gradients in leaves.

Carry‐forward of H218O vapour label was detected in the two monocot species assessed (oat and corn), but not in the two dicot species (foxglove and sunflower). Further, bulk leaf water measurements at differing transpiration rates indicated that a bulk leaf water Péclet effect was relevant for foxglove only.

We conclude that both leaf hydraulic design and relative velocities of water within transport pathways influence leaf water isotope composition, reconciling seemingly contradictory previous results regarding the relevance of Péclet effects to leaf water isotopes.
Homoeologous crossovers are distally biased and underlie genomic instability in first‐generation neo‐allopolyploid Arabidopsis suecica
Authors: Nibau Candida , Evans Aled , King Holly , Phillips Dylan Wyn , Lloyd Andrew 
Published: September 2024

Summary

First‐generation polyploids often suffer from more meiotic errors and lower fertility than established wild polyploid populations. One such example is the allopolyploid model species Arabidopsis suecica which originated c. 16 000 generations ago.

We present here a comparison of meiosis and its outcomes in naturally evolved and first‐generation ‘synthetic’ A. suecica using a combination of cytological and genomic approaches.

We show that while meiosis in natural lines is largely diploid‐like, synthetic lines have high levels of meiotic errors including incomplete synapsis and nonhomologous crossover formation. Whole‐genome re‐sequencing of progeny revealed 20‐fold higher levels of homoeologous exchange and eightfold higher aneuploidy originating from synthetic parents. Homoeologous exchanges showed a strong distal bias and occurred predominantly in genes, regularly generating novel protein variants. We also observed that homoeologous exchanges can generate megabase scale INDELs when occurring in regions of inverted synteny. Finally, we observed evidence of sex‐specific differences in adaptation to polyploidy with higher success in reciprocal crosses to natural lines when synthetic plants were used as the female parent.

Our results directly link cytological phenotypes in A. suecica with their genomic outcomes, demonstrating that homoeologous crossovers underlie genomic instability in neo‐allopolyploids and are more distally biased than homologous crossovers.