bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban landscape and forest vegetation regulate the range expansion of an exotic lace bug Corythucha marmorata (Hemiptera: Tingidae)
Authors: Sakata Yuzu , Yamasaki Michimasa , Ohgushi Takayuki 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLandscapes and vegetation are critical factors in dispersion of exotic insects and expansion of their range. However, few studies have addressed how the surrounding landscape affects the establishment of exotic insects. We assessed the relationship between establishment of an exotic lace bug Corythucha marmorata (Uhler) and the surrounding landscape in the northern edge of the lace bug's expanded range. We found that the lace bugs showed variability in their density among populations. Urban areas had a positive effect, while the natural forest vegetation had a negative effect on lace bug density, with a buffer range of 1–2 km. Moreover, their abundance decreased with distance from the source population. Our results suggest that natural forest landscapes in urban areas may inhibit the range expansion of invasive insects that feed on exotic plants growing in human‐disturbed habitats.
Challenges, developments and perspectives in intermittent river ecology
Authors: Datry Thibault , Fritz Ken , Leigh Catherine 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Although more than half the world's river networks comprise channels that periodically cease to flow and dry [intermittent rivers (IRs)], river ecology was largely developed from and for perennial systems. Ecological knowledge of IRs is rapidly increasing, so there is a need to synthesise this knowledge and deepen ecological understanding.

In this Special Issue, we bring together 13 papers spanning observational case studies, field and laboratory experiments and reviews to guide research and management in this productive field of freshwater science. We summarise new developments in IR ecology, identify research gaps and needs, and address how the study of IRs as highly dynamic ecosystems informs ecological understanding more broadly.

This series of articles reveals that contemporary IR ecology is a multifaceted and maturing field of research at the interface between aquatic and terrestrial ecology. This research contributes to fresh water and general ecology by testing concepts across a range of topics, including disturbance ecology, metacommunity ecology and coupled aquatic‐terrestrial ecosystems.

Drying affects flow continuity through time and flow connectivity across longitudinal, lateral and vertical dimensions of space, which aligns well with the recent emphasis of mainstream ecology on meta‐system perspectives. Although most articles here focus on the wet phase, there is growing interest in dry phases, and in the terrestrial vegetation and invertebrate assemblages living in and along IR channels. We encourage interdisciplinary studies on IRs to further blur the demarcation between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and develop more integrated perspectives.

As a result of climate change and human modification of landscapes and waterways, flooding and drought are expected to become more extreme and widespread. Shifts in streamflow regimes from perennial to intermittent may exacerbate the duration and frequency of dry phases in IRs with serious implications for river ecosystems and the quality and diversity of services they provide.
Biodiversity in marine invertebrate responses to acute warming revealed by a comparative multi‐omics approach
Authors: Clark Melody S. , Sommer Ulf , Sihra Jaspreet K. , Thorne Michael A. S. , Morley Simon A. , King Michelle , Viant Mark R. , Peck Lloyd S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnderstanding species' responses to environmental change underpins our abilities to make predictions on future biodiversity under any range of scenarios. In spite of the huge biodiversity in most ecosystems, a model species approach is often taken in environmental studies. To date, we still do not know how many species we need to study to input into models and inform on ecosystem‐level responses to change. In this study, we tested current paradigms on factors setting thermal limits by investigating the acute warming response of six Antarctic marine invertebrates: a crustaceanParaceradocus miersi, a brachiopodLiothyrella uva, two bivalve molluscs,Laternula elliptica,Aequiyoldia eightsii, a gastropod molluscMarseniopsis mollisand an echinodermCucumaria georgiana. Each species was warmed at the rate of 1 °C h−1and taken to the same physiological end point (just prior to heat coma). Their molecular responses were evaluated using complementary metabolomics and transcriptomics approaches with the aim of discovering the underlying mechanisms of their resilience or sensitivity to warming. The responses were species‐specific; only two showed accumulation of anaerobic end products and three exhibited the classical heat shock response with expression ofHSP70 transcripts. These diverse cellular measures did not directly correlate with resilience to heat stress and suggested that each species may have a different critical point of failure. Thus, one unifying molecular mechanism underpinning response to warming could not be assigned, and no overarching paradigm was supported. This biodiversity in response makes future ecosystems predictions extremely challenging, as we clearly need to develop a macrophysiology‐type approach to cellular evaluations of the environmental stress response, studying a range of well‐rationalized members from different community levels and of different phylogenetic origins rather than extrapolating from one or two arbitrary model species.
Estimating Tortuosity Coefficients Based on Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors: Carey Grant R. , McBean Edward A. , Feenstra Stan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWhile the tortuosity coefficient is commonly estimated using an expression based on total porosity, this relationship is demonstrated to not be applicable (and thus is often misapplied) over a broad range of soil textures. The fundamental basis for a correlation between the apparent diffusion tortuosity coefficient and hydraulic conductivity is demonstrated, although such a relationship is not typically considered. An empirical regression for estimating the tortuosity coefficient based on hydraulic conductivity for saturated, unconsolidated soil is derived based on results from 14 previously reported diffusion experiments performed with a broad range of soil textures. Analyses of these experimental results confirm that total porosity is a poor predictor for the tortuosity coefficient over a large range of soil textures. The apparent diffusion tortuosity coefficient is more reliably estimated based on hydraulic conductivity.
Attitudes to participating in a birth cohort study, views from a multiethnic population: a qualitative study using focus groups
Authors: Garg Neeru , Round Thomas P. , Daker‐White Gavin , Bower Peter , Griffiths Chris J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundRecruitment to birth cohort studies is a challenge. Few studies have addressed the attitudes of women about taking part in birth cohort studies particularly those from ethnic minority groups.ObjectiveTo seek the views of people from diverse ethnic backgrounds about participation in a proposed birth cohort examining the impact of infections.Design and settingEight focus groups of pregnant women and mothers of young children took place in GP surgeries and community centres in an ethnically diverse area of east London. Purposeful sampling and language support ensured representation of people from ethnic minority groups. Audio recordings were taken and transcripts were analysed using the Framework approach.Main outcome measuresThe views of participants about taking part in the proposed birth cohort study, in particular concerning incentives to taking part, disincentives and attitudes to consenting children.ResultsThere was more convergence of opinion than divergence across groups. Altruism, perceived health gains of participating and financial rewards were motivating factors for most women. Worries about causing harm to their child, inconvenience, time pressure and blood sample taking as well as a perceived lack of health gains were disincentives to most. Mistrust of researchers did not appear to be a significant barrier. The study indicates that ethnicity and other demographic factors influence attitudes to participation.ConclusionsTo recruit better, birth cohort studies should incorporate financial and health gains as rewards for participation, promote the altruistic goals of research, give assurances regarding the safety of the participating children and sensitive data, avoid discomfort and maximize convenience. Ethnicity influences attitudes to participation in many ways, and researchers should explore these factors in their target population.
Re‐imagining Divine Simplicity in Trinitarian Theology
Authors: Ip Pui Him 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article reconsiders the relationship between divine simplicity and trinitarian theology based on historical and systematic grounds. I first show that in its early emergence, simplicity was not understood as posing intuitive incompatibilities with the development of trinitarian language. This provides good reason to question the assumption that incompatibility of this kind exists between simplicity and Trinity. I then argue that simplicity deeply enriches the doxological dimension of trinitarian theology. Divine simplicity forces us into the habit of questioning our understanding of the Trinity based on concepts that we are familiar with. As a result, it magnifies our sense of the Trinity's ‘super‐abundant richness’. I conclude that trinitarian theology will lose a great deal of its doxological potential if we give up the doctrine of divine simplicity.
Le salaire vital: synthèse théorique et pistes pour la recherche appliquée
Authors: CARR Stuart C. , PARKER Jane , ARROWSMITH James , WATTERS Paul A. 
Published: June 2016

RésuméTout salaire vital doit assurer, au‐delà de la simple subsistance, une certaine qualité de vie, y compris au travail, et une participation véritable à la sphère sociale et organisationnelle, soit la jouissance de potentialités ou «capacités». Toutefois, les liens entre revenu et capacités sont encore mal connus, et les salaires vitaux souvent fixés arbitrairement. En empruntant à la psychologie, aux théories du développement ou encore à la réflexion sur la gestion d'entreprise et les relations professionnelles, les auteurs proposent un outil d'analyse universel mais axé sur le contexte et formulent plusieurs propositions appelées à servir de base aux travaux empiriques nécessaires pour vérifier sa validité.
Institutions et formation des salaires dans la zone euro: une analyse à partir de techniques de coïntégration sur données de panel
Authors: CAMARERO Mariam , D'ADAMO Gaetano , TAMARIT Cecilio 
Published: June 2016

RésuméLes auteurs proposent une équation de salaire d'équilibre pour la zone euro en 1995–2011 à partir de techniques de coïntégration en panel autorisant la dépendance interindividuelle et les ruptures structurelles. Comme escompté, les salaires affichent une corrélation positive avec la productivité et négative avec le chômage. L'introduction de variables institutionnelles montre que la flexibilité du marché du travail peut cohabiter avec la modération salariale. Il apparaît aussi que la concurrence internationale renforce le lien entre salaires et productivité à partir de 2004, et que l'appréciation du taux de change réel contracte les salaires, modérés également par l'intervention étatique et la concertation salariale.
Réforme des régimes de propriété des entreprises et inégalités salariales dans la Chine urbaine
Authors: WHALLEY John , XING Chunbing 
Published: June 2016

RésuméEn Chine, l'impact des inégalités de revenu urbaines sur les inégalités d'ensemble s'accroît. En utilisant des enquêtes auprès des ménages réalisées en 1995, 2002 et 2007, les auteurs analysent l'effet de la réforme du régime de propriété des entreprises – trait marquant de la transition économique chinoise – sur les inégalités salariales des urbains. Ils constatent que, entre 1995 et 2007, la dispersion des salaires est inférieure dans les entreprises d'État, où elle s'accroît plus vite cependant, en raison, pour près de 50 pour cent, d'un transfert de travailleurs vers le secteur privé. Si ce redéploiement se poursuit, les inégalités salariales entre urbains pourraient continuer de se creuser.
Privatización y desigualdad salarial en la China urbana
Authors: WHALLEY John , XING Chunbing 
Published: June 2016

ResumenLa desigualdad de ingresos en las ciudades representa un porcentaje creciente de la desigualdad total en China. Con datos de la encuesta de hogares urbanos de 1995, 2002 y 2007, los autores examinan la influencia en la desigualdad salarial urbana del proceso de privatización empresarial, característica primordial de la transición económica china. La dispersión salarial fue mayor en el sector privado en 1995–2007, pero aumentó más rápido en el público. Sin embargo, más del 50 por ciento del aumento de la desigualdad urbana está asociado a la transferencia de trabajadores del sector público al privado. De continuar esta tendencia, la desigualdad salarial urbana seguirá creciendo.
Distribución factorial del ingreso y regímenes de crecimiento en América Latina, 1950–2012
Authors: ALARCO Germán 
Published: June 2016

ResumenTras una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva sobre los regímenes de crecimiento económico, se desarrolla un modelo econométrico para determinar el régimen de crecimiento de 16 economías de América Latina entre 1950–2012 a partir de datos estadísticos sobre la participación de la masa salarial y de las ganancias en el PIB. Se analiza la evolución de la distribución factorial del ingreso respecto al crecimiento económico durante el periodo y se concluye que la mayor parte de las economías de la región tienen regímenes basados en salarios, por lo que las políticas redistributivas a favor de la masa salarial son positivas para el crecimiento económico.
Impactos distributivos del salario mínimo en América Latina. Los casos de la Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay
Authors: MAURIZIO Roxana , VÁZQUEZ Gustavo 
Published: June 2016

ResumenA lo largo de la década de 2000 se observa una recuperación del valor real del salario mínimo en América Latina. Este estudio analiza, de manera comparativa, los impactos distributivos del fortalecimiento de esta institución en cuatro países de la región, Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay. A partir de técnicas semiparamétricas que permiten estimar funciones de densidad contrafactuales se comprueba que, con excepción de Chile, en los otros tres países dichos cambios han sido igualadores, pues explican una porción significativa de la caída de la desigualdad. A su vez, esta reducción ha estado originada en la compresión de la parte inferior de la distribución salarial.
T.S. Papola y el desarrollo de la economía laboral en la India
Authors: RODGERS Gerry 
Published: June 2016

ResumenT.S. Papola, fallecido en noviembre de 2015, fue uno de los miembros fundadores del Consejo Editorial de la Revista Internacional del Trabajo, creado en 2007, pero ante todo fue una figura pionera de la economía laboral en la India, cuya labor, de gran influencia, goza hoy de reconocimiento mundial. El autor de este breve artículo se apoya en sus contactos personales y sus colaboraciones con el profesor Papola para poner de relieve algunas de sus más importantes contribuciones.
Generation and characterization of CD1d‐specific single‐domain antibodies with distinct functional features
Authors: Lameris Roeland , de Bruin Renée C. G. , van Bergen en Henegouwen Paul M. P. , Verheul Henk M. , Zweegman Sonja , de Gruijl Tanja D. , van der Vliet Hans J. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryLigation of the CD1d antigen‐presenting molecule by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can trigger important biological functions. For therapeutic purposes camelid‐derived variable domain of heavy‐chain‐only antibodies (VHH) have multiple advantages over mAbs because they are small, stable and have low immunogenicity. Here, we generated 21 human CD1d‐specific VHH by immunizing Lama glama and subsequent phage display. Two clones induced maturation of dendritic cells, one clone induced early apoptosis in CD1d‐expressing B lymphoblasts and multiple myeloma cells, and another clone blocked recognition of glycolipid‐loaded CD1d by CD1d‐restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. In contrast to reported CD1d‐specific mAbs, these CD1d‐specific VHH have the unique characteristic that they induce specific and well‐defined biological effects. This feature, combined with the above‐indicated general advantages of VHH, make the CD1d‐specific VHH generated here unique and useful tools to exploit both CD1d ligation as well as disruption of CD1d–iNKT interactions in the treatment of cancer or inflammatory disorders.
A Simplified Quadrature Approach for Computing Bermudan Option Prices
Authors: Simonato Jean‐Guy 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe examine a simple quadrature approach to compute the prices of Bermudan options when the value of the corresponding European claim can be computed in closed form, one period before maturity. Using a constant grid of stock prices at early exercise time points, the known value of the European option is used as a smoothing device to enable efficient numerical integ ration with quadrature approaches. Examples with the geometric Brownian motion context and the lognormal jump‐diffusion context are provided.
Isolated Roux‐en‐Y pancreaticojejunostomy versus conventional pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Deng Li Hui , Xiong Jun Jie , Xia Qing 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the advantage between isolated Roux loop pancreaticojejunostomy (IPJ) and conventional pancreaticojejunostomy (CPJ) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).MethodsComparative studies on this topic published between January 1976 and April 2015 in PubMed, EMbase, EBSCO, Science Citation Index Expanded and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library were searched, and selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Perioperative outcomes such as postoperative pancreatic fistula, delayed gastric emptying, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion, postoperative bleeding, intra‐abdominal abscess, bile leakage, wound infection, morbidity and mortality were compared. Pooled odds ratios (OR) or weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using either fixed‐ or random‐effects model.ResultsSix studies were included with two randomized controlled and four nonrandomized trials. A total of 712 patients (359 patients from the IPJ group and 353 patients from the CPJ group) were analyzed. The pooled results revealed that IPJ had longer operation time (WMD = 36.55, 95% CI 6.98 to 66.11, P = 0.02). However, there were no significant differences between both groups in postoperative pancreatic fistula, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion, delayed gastric emptying, postoperative bleeding, intra‐abdominal abscess, bile leakage, wound infection, morbidity, mortality and postoperative hospital stay.ConclusionsPD with IPJ was comparable to CPJ in intraoperative outcomes and postoperative complications. However, further randomized controlled trials should be undertaken to ascertain these findings.
CEREC Chairside System to Register and Design the Occlusion in Restorative Dentistry: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bohner Lauren Oliveira Lima , Neto Pedro Tortamano , Ahmed Ahad Shahid , Mori Matsuyoshi , Laganá Dalva Cruz , Sesma Newton 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this review was to update the literature with regard to the digital methods available by CEREC Chairside system to register and design the occlusion, to report their efficacy and technical innovations in the field of Restorative Dentistry. A search strategy was performed using the key‐words: “virtual articulator,” or “CAD‐CAM and occlusal recording,” or “CAD‐CAM and occlusion register,” or “CAD‐CAM and occlusal contacts,” or “CAD‐CAM and prosthesis.”Material and MethodsInclusion criteria comprised studies evaluating the use of digital methods available by CEREC System for occlusal registration and design during prosthodontics treatment. PubMed and Cochrane library and reference lists were searched up to January 2016.ResultsThe search resulted in 280 articles after removing duplicates. Subsequently, 233 records were excluded and 49 studies were selected for reading in full. Eleven articles were considered eligible for the systematic review (4 in vitro and 7 clinical studies).ConclusionScientific evidence suggests that digital methods were accurate to register and design the occlusion of dental prostheses. Nevertheless, further clinical studies are required to establish a conclusion with regard to its accuracy in prosthodontics treatment.Clinical SignificanceDigital technologies allow the design of occlusal surfaces of CAD‐CAM fabricated prostheses using innovative approaches. This systematic review aimed to update the literature to help dentists determine the most appropriate digital method to register and design the occlusal surface of CAD‐CAM crowns. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:208–220, 2016)
Influence of the artificial saliva storage on 3‐D surface texture characteristics of contemporary dental nanocomposites
Authors: ŢĂLU ŞTEFAN , BRAMOWICZ MIROSLAW , KULESZA SLAWOMIR , LAINOVIĆ TIJANA , VILOTIĆ MARKO , BLAŽIĆ LARISA 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to analyse the influence of the artificial saliva on a three‐dimensional (3‐D) surface texture of contemporary dental composites. The representatives of four composites types were tested: nanofilled (Filtek Ultimate Body, FUB), nanohybrid (Filtek Z550, FZ550), microfilled (Gradia Direct, GD) and microhybrid (Filtek Z250, FZ250). The specimens were polymerised and polished by the multistep protocol (SuperSnap, Shofu). Their surface was examined, before and after 3 weeks’ exposure to artificial saliva storage. The surface texture was analysed using the atomic force microscope (AFM). The obtained images were processed to calculate the areal autocorrelation function (AACF), anisotropy ratio Str (texture aspect ratio), and structure function (SF). The log–log plots of SF were used to calculate fractal properties, such as fractal dimension D, and pseudo‐topothesy K. The analysis showed changes in surface anisotropy ratio Str values, which became higher, whereas the Sq roughness (root‐mean‐square) reduced after the artificial saliva storage. All the samples exhibited bifractal structure before the saliva treatment, but only half of them remained bifractal afterwards (GD, FZ250), whereas the other half turned into a monofractal (FUB, FZ550). The cube‐count fractal dimension Dcc was found to be material‐ and treatment‐insensitive.
Fiscal and Monetary Policy Rules in an Unstable Economy
Authors: Ryoo Soon , Skott Peter 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the implications of different monetary and fiscal policy rules in an economy characterized by Harrodian instability. We show that (1) a monetary rule along Taylor lines can be stabilizing for low debt ratios but becomes de‐stabilizing if the debt ratio exceeds a certain threshold, (2) a ‘Keynesian’ fiscal policy rule can stabilize the economy at full employment, (3) a fiscal ‘austerity’ rule that links fiscal parameters to deviations from a target debt ratio fails to adjust the ‘warranted’ to the ‘natural’ growth rate and destabilizes the warranted path and (4) instability may arise from a combination of fiscal and monetary policy rules which separately would stabilize the system.