bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Very low rate of patient‐related adverse events associated with the use of intraoperative cell salvage
Authors: DeAndrade Diana , Waters Jonathan H. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Alarcon Louis , Wisniewski Mary Kay , Dyga Robert , Yazer Mark H. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDThe rate of patient‐related clinical adverse events (AEs) associated with the use of intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) was analyzed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe perfusion service and electronic risk management databases in a nine‐hospital regional health care system were reviewed over an approximately 11‐year period. The number of ICS cases performed during this period and basic patient demographics were also extracted.RESULTSThere were 43,198 patients for whom ICS was utilized during the study period. Recovered blood was returned to 33,351 (77.2%) patients. Electronic comments on the ICS procedure were found in 2348 of 33,351 (7.0%) cases. The vast majority of comments (2203/2348, 93.8%) described minor events that did not lead to patient‐related AEs such as the surgeon requested higher than normal suction pressure or that no RBCs were returned. Only 144 of 2348 (6.1%) of the comments described procedural or equipment‐related events or potential AEs. From these comments two potential AEs were identified: the first was a post‐Cesarean section patient who became acutely tachycardic, hypertensive, and dyspneic with rigors. The second was a patient with postpartum hemorrhage who experienced acute dyspnea and hypotension. Both patients were rapidly stabilized and discharged from the hospital shortly thereafter without further complications. It is unclear if these events were caused by ICS reinfusion. No air emboli were reported. The overall rate of patient‐related AEs associated with ICS reinfusion was between 0 and 2 per 33,351 (0%‐0.006%).CONCLUSIONSThe use of ICS is safe with a very low rate of patient‐related AEs.
Self‐reported historic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in a Brazilian blood donor HIV case‐control study
Authors: Bruhn Roberta , Moreno Elizabeth , Sabino Ester C. , Ferreira Naura Aparecida F. , Carneiro‐Proietti Anna Barbara F. , Lopes Maria Esther D. , Sampaio Divaldo , Loureiro Paula , Custer Brian , Goncalez Thelma T. ,   for the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II) International Component
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDThere has been increased worldwide emphasis on the many benefits of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus awareness for both infection prevention and improved treatment outcomes. Previous studies indicate that donors may use blood donation to be tested; the objectives of this analysis were to assess, among donors with previously undisclosed risk behavior in the 12 months before donation, the frequency of those who have previously been tested for HIV and the demographic and behavioral factors associated with such testing.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn this secondary analysis from an HIV case‐control study of blood donors in Brazil, we analyzed the response to the question, “Other than blood donation, have you ever been tested for HIV?” Demographic and disclosed risk behaviors associated with previous testing were determined.RESULTSThe study included 341 HIV‐positive cases and 791 HIV‐negative controls (1:2 case/control ratio). Overall, 31% of blood donors (40% of cases and 26% of controls) reported having been tested for HIV outside of blood donation. History of HIV testing varied according to sex, HIV status, and reported sexual risk behavior.CONCLUSIONAlthough it is encouraging that previous testing was more frequent in donors with acknowledged sexual risk behavior in Brazil, 60% still had not been tested for HIV outside of the blood donation setting. Educating donors on the importance of not using blood centers as a means to get tested for HIV in Brazil, especially if they engage in higher risk behaviors, and seeking alternate testing venues instead could improve the safety of donated blood.
Resolving variable maternal D typing using serology and genotyping in selected prenatal patients
Authors: Clarke Gwen , Hannon Judith , Berardi Philip , Barr Gerri , Cote Jacqueline , Fallis Robert , Alport Ted , Lane Debra , Petraszko Tanya , Ochoa Gorka , Goldman Mindy 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDRhIG prophylaxis for D– pregnant women prevents hemolytic disease of the newborn and typically depends on results of serologic D typing. Interpretation and follow‐up of weak D serology is variable. Recent recommendations promote genotyping for RHD status determination in those with weak D serology. Canadian Blood Services performs comprehensive serologic prenatal testing in four provinces. Genotyping is used to determine D typing in patients with weak D.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA serologic algorithm identified which patients require genotyping for RHD determination. Genotyping was performed on one of two commercially available platforms.RESULTSOnly 0.4% of D– patients met criteria for genotyping. Sixty‐one percent were weak D Type 1, 2, or 3. Thirty percent had a partial or weak D other than Type 1, 2, or 3. Eleven had variants which remained unresolved. Seventeen were D+ and four were D–.CONCLUSIONSGenotyping of patients with weak D serology led to an identified genotype in most patients. RhIG administration was avoided in 66% who were weak D Type 1, 2, or 3 or were D+. The use of a serologic algorithm to select patients for RHD genotyping identifies a majority of patients with weak D types not at risk for alloimmunization. This approach limits the number of genotyping investigations and the cost of providing classification for weak D types.
Extracorporeal photopheresis did not prevent the development of an autoimmune disease: myasthenia gravis
Authors: Uygun Vedat , Daloğlu Hayriye , Öztürkmen Seda Irmak , Döşemeci Levent , Karasu Gülsün , Hazar Volkan , Yeşilipek Akif 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by an autoimmune defect in the neuromuscular junction. In most patients, the autoimmune attack is mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) on the postsynaptic membrane. Deficient immunoregulation, including regulatory T cells, is consistently observed. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) leads to the induction of regulatory T cells that mediate immunologic tolerance in autoimmune diseases; however, the data regarding MG are very limited.CASE REPORTHere, we report a patient who, during ongoing ECP therapy for his severe, refractory, chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD), developed MG, although he responded very well to ECP, as indicated by the lowering of his chronic cGVHD severity grade to moderate.RESULTSDespite receiving ECP, our patient developed MG, which was resistant to treatment and required intensive care unit support.CONCLUSIONSClose surveillance is required when ECP is planned as one of the treatment alternatives in myasthenia gravis that develop in cGVHD.
Prospective Controlled Study of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Laryngeal Paralysis
Authors: Tarvin Kiki M. , Twedt David C. , Monnet Eric 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency, nature, and magnitude of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in dogs with laryngeal paralysis (LP).Study DesignProspective comparative clinical study.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs with LP and healthy client‐owned dogs (n = 6 each).MethodsDogs underwent sedated laryngeal examination for diagnosis and grading of bilateral LP and for placement of a nasoesophageal dual pH/impedance probe. Endoscopy was used to confirm probe location and evaluate the distal esophagus. Data were recorded continuously. GER was defined as pH<4 or >7.5 lasting >2 seconds reaching a magnitude of 2 impedance sensors proximally.ResultsThe median total number of GER events per hour was 0.64 (range, 0.44–1.6) for the LP group and 0.53 (range, 0.38–1.0) for the control group (P = 0.259; power = 0.50). The median total number of alkaline regurgitation events per hour was 0.37 (range, 0.17–0.93) for the LP group and 0.46 (range, 0.25–1.0) for control group (P = 0.575; power = 0.57). The median total number of acidic regurgitation events per hour was 0.22 (range, 0–0.70) and 0.0 (range, 0–0.14) for the LP and control groups, respectively (P = 0.025). Acidic reflux events reached the proximal pH sensor in 2 dogs in the LP group for a total of 4 reflux events and in 1 dog in the control group for a total of 3 reflux events (P = 0.673).ConclusionBased on the limited number of dogs studied, it appears that dogs with naturally occurring LP have increased acidic reflux events compared to clinically normal dogs. GER can reach the most proximal part of the esophagus.
Genome Sequence of a Clinical Strain of Acinetobacter baumannii Belonging to the ST79/PFGE-HUI-1 Clone Lacking the AdeABC (Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division-Type) Efflux Pump
Authors: López M. , Álvarez-Fraga L. , Gato E. , Blasco L. , Poza M. , Fernández-García L. , Bou G. , Tomás M. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Increased expression of chromosomal genes for resistance-nodulation-cell division-type efflux systems plays a major role in the multidrug resistance of
Acinetobacter baumannii
. Little is known about the genetic characteristics of clinical strains of
Acinetobacter baumannii
lacking the AdeABC pump. In this study, we sequenced the genome of clinical strain Ab421 GEIH-2010 (belonging to clone ST79/PFGE-HUI-1 from the GEIH-REIPI Ab. 2010 project) which lacks this efflux pump.
Psychological impact of injuries sustained in motor vehicle crashes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Craig Ashley , Tran Yvonne , Guest Rebecca , Gopinath Bamini , Jagnoor Jagnoor , Bryant Richard A , Collie Alex , Tate Robyn , Kenardy Justin , Middleton James W , Cameron Ian 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the psychological impact associated with motor vehicle crash (MVC)-related physical injuries.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMultiple search engines included MEDLINE (via OVID), PsycINFO and Embase, and studies were sourced from scientific journals, conference papers and doctoral theses.Study selectionA high-yield search strategy was employed. Terms like ‘psychological distress’, ‘depression’, ‘PTSD’ and ‘motor vehicle accident’ were employed. These key words were run primarily and secondary searches were then conducted in association with the major injury types. Studies needed to compare psychological distress in people injured in an MVC with uninjured controls who had not recently experienced an MVC.Data extractionSearches resulted in the identification of 2537 articles, and after eliminating duplicates and studies not meeting inclusion criteria, 24 studies were selected involving 4502 injured participants. These studies were entered into separate meta-analyses for mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (mTBI), whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) and spinal cord injury (SCI).ResultsElevated psychological distress was associated with MVC-related injuries with a large summary effect size in WAD (0.90), medium to large effect size in SCI (0.69) and small to medium effect size in mTBI (0.23). No studies meeting inclusion criteria were found for burns, fractures and low back injury. Increased psychological distress remains elevated in SCI, mTBI and WAD for at least 3 years post-MVC.ConclusionsRehabilitation strategies are needed to minimise distress subsequent to MVC-related physical injuries and the scientific robustness of studies requires improvement.
Performance of a bedside test for tetanus immunity: results of a cross-sectional study among three EDs in the Netherlands in 2012–2013
Authors: van der Maas N AT , Donken R , te Wierik M J M , Swaan C M , Hahne S J M , de Melker H E 
Published: September 2016

IntroductionDespite sustained high vaccination coverage and a national guideline by the Health Council (HC-guideline) on tetanus postexposure prophylaxis (T-PEP), tetanus sporadically occurs in the Netherlands. This study aims to assess the added value of a bedside test for tetanus immunity (Tetanos Quick Stick (TQS); Ingen BioSciences Group, France), in the context of routine T-PEP in two adult cohorts: those born before introduction of tetanus toxoid vaccination in the National Immunization Programme (NIP) in 1957 (pre-NIP-cohort; n=196) and those born after (NIP-cohort; n=405).MethodsAdults included at the time of visiting one of three participating EDs received T-PEP as per routine recommendations. Subsequently, a nurse performed the TQS and filled in a questionnaire. We compared the indication for T-PEP based on TQS results with those based on the HC-guideline and with actually administration of T-PEP, stratified by cohort.ResultsAmong the pre-NIP and NIP-cohort, 16% and 9%, respectively, received T-PEP, while this was not indicated based on the HC-guideline. Furthermore, 8% and 7%, respectively, did not get T-PEP, although it was indicated by the guideline. Comparing the indication derived from the HC-guideline with TQS result found that 22% (pre-NIP-cohort) and 8% (NIP-cohort) were not eligible for T-PEP according to the HC-guideline but had a negative TQS. Conversely, 36% (pre-NIP-cohort) and 73% (NIP-cohort) were eligible for T-PEP according to the HC-guideline but had positive TQS, indicating sufficient tetanus protection.ConclusionUse of the TQS would allow better targeting of T-PEP. Furthermore, stricter adherence to the HC-guideline can prevent overimmunisation and decrease the risk of tetanus.
Rotation in a gravitational billiard
Authors: Peraza-Mues G. G. , Carvente Osvaldo , Moukarzel Cristian F. 
Published: September 2016

Gravitational billiards composed of a viscoelastic frictional disk bouncing on a vibrating wedge have been studied previously, but only from the point of view of their translational behavior. In this work, the average rotational velocity of the disk is studied under various circumstances. First, an experimental realization is briefly presented, which shows sustained rotation when the wedge is tilted. Next, this phenomenon is scrutinized in close detail using a precise numerical implementation of frictional forces. We show that the bouncing disk acquires a spontaneous rotational velocity whenever the wedge angle is not bisected by the direction of gravity. Our molecular dynamics (MD) results are well reproduced by event-driven (ED) simulations. When the wedge aperture angle [Formula: see text], the average tangential velocity [Formula: see text] of the disk scales with the typical wedge vibration velocity [Formula: see text], and is in general a nonmonotonic function of the overall tilt angle [Formula: see text] of the wedge. The present work focuses on wedges with [Formula: see text], which are relevant for the problem of spontaneous rotation in vibrated disk packings. This study makes part of the PhD Thesis of G. G. Peraza-Mues.
Skeletal Muscle Alterations Are Exacerbated in Heart Failure With Reduced Compared With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Seiler Martin , Bowen T. Scott , Rolim Natale , Dieterlen Maja-Theresa , Werner Sarah , Hoshi Tomoya , Fischer Tina , Mangner Norman , Linke Axel , Schuler Gerhard , Halle Martin , Wisloff Ulrik , Adams Volker 
Published: September 2016

Background—
A greater understanding of the different underlying mechanisms between patients with heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and with preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction is urgently needed to better direct future treatment. However, although skeletal muscle impairments, potentially mediated by inflammatory cytokines, are common in both HFrEF and HFpEF, the underlying cellular and molecular alterations that exist between groups are yet to be systematically evaluated. The present study, therefore, used established animal models to compare whether alterations in skeletal muscle (limb and respiratory) were different between HFrEF and HFpEF, while further characterizing inflammatory cytokines.

Methods and Results—
Rats were assigned to (1) HFrEF (ligation of the left coronary artery; n=8); (2) HFpEF (high-salt diet; n=10); (3) control (con: no intervention; n=7). Heart failure was confirmed by echocardiography and invasive measures. Soleus tissue in HFrEF, but not in HFpEF, showed a significant increase in markers of (1) muscle atrophy (ie, MuRF1, calpain, and ubiquitin proteasome); (2) oxidative stress (ie, higher nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase but lower antioxidative enzyme activities); (3) mitochondrial impairments (ie, a lower succinate dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase ratio and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α expression). The diaphragm remained largely unaffected between groups. Plasma concentrations of circulating cytokines were significantly increased in HFrEF for tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas interleukin-1β and interleukin-12 were higher in HFpEF.

Conclusions—
Our findings suggest, for the first time, that skeletal muscle alterations are exacerbated in HFrEF compared with HFpEF, which predominantly reside in limb, rather than in respiratory, muscle. This disparity may be mediated, in part, by the different circulating inflammatory cytokines that were elevated between HFpEF and HFrEF.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Outcomes With F-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Imaging–Assisted Management of Patients With Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction Secondary to Coronary Disease
Authors: Mc Ardle Brian , Shukla Tushar , Nichol Graham , deKemp Robert A. , Bernick Jordan , Guo Ann , Lim Siok Ping , Davies Ross A. , Haddad Haissam , Duchesne Lloyd , Hendry Paul , Masters Roy , Ross Heather , Freeman Michael , Gulenchyn Karen , Racine Normand , Humen Dennis , Benard Francois , Ruddy Terrence D. , Chow Benjamin J. , Mielniczuk Lisa , DaSilva Jean N. , Garrard Linda , Wells George A. , Beanlands Rob S.B. , Higginson L. , Mesana T. , Ukkonen H. , Yoshinaga K. , Renaud J. , Klein R. , Aung M. , Kostuk W. , Wisenberg G. , White M. , Iwanochko R.M. , Mickleborough L. , Abramson B. , Latter D. , Lamy A. , Fallen E. , Coates G. 
Published: September 2016

Background—
Whether viability imaging can impact long-term patient outcomes is uncertain. The PARR-2 study (Positron Emission Tomography and Recovery Following Revascularization) showed a nonsignificant trend toward improved outcomes at 1 year using an F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)–assisted strategy in patients with suspected ischemic cardiomyopathy. When patients adhered to F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET recommendations, outcome benefit was observed. Long-term outcomes of viability imaging–assisted management have not previously been evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods and Results—

PARR-2 randomized patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and suspected CAD being considered for revascularization or transplantation to standard care (n= 195) versus PET-assisted management (n=197) at sites participating in long-term follow-up. The predefined primary outcome was time to composite event (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or cardiac hospitalization). After 5 years, 105 (53%) patients in the PET arm and 111 (57%) in the standard care arm experienced the composite event (hazard ratio for time to composite event =0.82 [95% confidence interval 0.62–1.07];
P
=0.15). When only patients who adhered to PET recommendations were included, the hazard ratio for the time to primary outcome was 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.54–0.99;
P
=0.042).

Conclusions—
After a 5-year follow-up in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and suspected CAD, overall, PET-assisted management did not significantly reduce cardiac events compared with standard care. However, significant benefits were observed when there was adherence to PET recommendations. PET viability imaging may be best applied when there is likely to be adherence to imaging-based recommendations.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00385242.
Echocardiographic Structure and Function in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Castleman James S. , Ganapathy Ramesh , Taki Fatima , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Steeds Richard P. , Kotecha Dipak 
Published: September 2016

Background—
Echocardiography is commonly used to direct the management of hypertensive disorders in medical patients, but its application in pregnancy is unclear. Our objective was to define the use of echocardiography in pregnancies complicated by gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia.

Methods and Results—
We performed a systematic review of articles using an electronic search of databases from inception to March 2015, prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42015015700). Eligible studies included pregnant women with GH or preeclampsia, evaluating left ventricular structure and function using echocardiography. The search strategy identified 36 studies, including 745 women with GH and 815 women with preeclampsia. The populations were heterogeneous with respect to clinical characteristics, parity, and risk of bias. Increased vascular resistance and left ventricular mass were the most consistent findings in GH and preeclampsia. Differentiating features from normal pregnancy were left ventricular wall thickness of ≥1.0 cm, exaggerated reduction in E/A, and lateral e′ of <14 cm/s. There was disagreement between studies with regard to cardiac output because of the timing of echocardiography, although reduced stroke volume was an indicator of adverse prognosis. Diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular remodeling are most marked in severe and early-onset preeclampsia, but are also markers of preeclampsia before clinical manifestation, and are associated with adverse outcomes.

Conclusions—
Echocardiography is a valuable tool to stratify risk and can guide management and counseling in the preclinical and clinical phases of GH and preeclampsia. Changes in cardiac function and morphology are recognizable at an asymptomatic early stage and correlate with disease severity and adverse outcomes.
Body Counts and Masking Wartime Violence
Authors: Zegveld Liesbeth 
Published: September 2016

This Article is the transcript of the Peace Lecture held by Prof. Zegveld as part of the Peace Week 2013. It criticises the fact that Western countries do not provide data on the numbers of civilian casualties their wars cause. It remains controversial whether this is the consequence of a choice ‘not to do body counts’, or whether the governments does not want these figures to be revealed. In any case, the absence of this data leads to a de facto denial of the existence of these victims. This is reflected by the difficulties encountered when accountability and compensation are sought. It is argued here that there is a legal obligation to register victim casualties, as well as a necessity to do so from democratic, military and moral perspectives. For, as a component of conflict in itself, we can only truly evaluate our wars when the victim casualties are known.