bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous microwave ablation of exophytic tumours in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: Safe or not?
Authors: Ding Jianmin , Zhou Yan , Wang Yandong , Jing Xiang , Wang Fengmei , Wang Yijun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsTo explore the long‐term outcomes and safety of ultrasound‐guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) of exophytic tumours in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐two patients with subcapsular HCC were enrolled in this retrospective study. These patients were divided into the exophytic group (n=71) and non‐exophytic group (n=61) according to the location of the tumour(s). A special technology of puncture and ablation was performed to treat the exophytic tumours. The local tumour progression (LTP), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed using Kaplan‐Meier and Log‐rank tests.ResultsSixty‐nine of 71 exophytic tumours and 60 of 61 subcapsular tumours were completely ablated. The complete ablation rates were 97.2% and 98.4% respectively. The follow‐up periods ranged from 6 to 62 months with a median of 31 months in the exophytic group, and ranged from 5 to 61 months, with a median of 27 months in the non‐exophytic group. The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year cumulative LTP rates were 2.4%, 12.3%, 18.4% and 5.1%, 12.0%, 17.8% in the exophytic and non‐exophytic groups respectively (P=.733). The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year OS rates were 100%, 75.7%, 52.9% and 95.0%, 73.8%, 61.5% in the exophytic group and non‐exophytic group respectively (P=.980). There was no procedure‐related mortality or major complication.ConclusionUltrasound‐guided percutaneous MWA is safe and effective for exophytic tumours in HCC patients. Treated by MWA, the HCC patients with exophytic tumours can get the similar local response and long‐term outcome to those with non‐exophytic subcapsular tumours.
Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of aggression in pediatric and adolescent patients with autism spectrum disorder comorbid with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: A questionnaire survey of 571 psychiatrists
Authors: Yamamuro Kazuhiko , Tsujii Noa , Ota Toyosaku , Kishimoto Toshifumi , Iida Junzo 
Published: March 2017

AimBoth attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are frequently accompanied by serious aggression that requires psychiatric treatment. However, little is known about the experiences psychiatrists have had using pharmacotherapy to treat aggression in patients who have both ASD and ADHD (ASD/ADHD). The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of Japanese child and adolescent psychiatrists in prescribing medication for aggression in patients with ASD/ADHD.MethodsA prospective questionnaire was mailed to 2001 psychiatrists affiliated with the Japanese Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors predicting the outcome of pharmacotherapeutic treatment of aggression in pediatric and adolescent patients with ASD/ADHD.ResultsOf 2001 psychiatrists, 571 (28.5%) completed the full questionnaire (final sample). Of these, 488 (85.4%) prescribed psychotropic medication in treating pediatric and adolescent patients with ASD/ADHD, 299 (61.3%) of them doing so to treat aggression. Prescribers’ duration of practice (odds ratio, 1.055; P = 0.038) and patient symptoms of residual impulsivity (odds ratio, 2.479; P = 0.039) increased the odds of prescribing psychotropic medications to treat aggression in these patients. The respondents reported a similar effect for patients with ADHD/ASD compared with those with ADHD only in treating aggression.ConclusionJapanese psychiatrists tended to prescribe psychotropic medication for aggression in pediatric and adolescent patients with ASD/ADHD. Future studies examining aggression in pediatric and adolescent patients with ASD/ADHD should aim to accumulate evidence for the use of psychotropic medications, which could help clinicians make better decisions.
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of a Tinea Capitis Outbreak Among Novice Buddhist Monks
Authors: Bunyaratavej Sumanas , Leeyaphan Charussri , Rujitharanawong Chuda , Muanprasat Chanai , Matthapan Lalita 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSixty novice Buddhist monks with tinea capitis confirmed according to clinical presentation and mycological laboratory finding were included in this study. Mixed‐type clinical presentation was observed in approximately half of all cases, together with scarring alopecia (95%) and superficial fungal skin infection at locations other than the scalp (43.3%). The major isolated organism was Trichophyton violaceum, and mixed‐organism infection was found in 27 cases (45%). Slow‐onset presentation and an extensive area of infection were significantly associated with mixed‐type clinical presentation.
Infantile fibrosarcoma treated with postoperative vincristine and dactinomycin
Authors: Yoshihara Hiroki , Yoshimoto Yuri , Hosoya Yosuke , Hasegawa Daisuke , Kawano Takafumi , Sakoda Akiko , Okita Hajime , Manabe Atsushi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInfantile fibrosarcoma is a non‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft‐tissue sarcoma that occurs in infancy and which has a relatively good prognosis. A vincristine and dactinomycin (VA) regimen has been shown to be effective, although the duration of chemotherapy has not been well defined. We describe the case of a 4‐month‐old boy with a mass at the left dorsum of the foot who was diagnosed with infantile fibrosarcoma after resection of the tumor, the margin of which was macroscopically positive. VA treatment was carried out with careful monitoring of response and adverse effects. Pancytopenia was seen during the second cycle, and therapy was reduced thereafter. The treatment was continued for 38 weeks (12 cycles). There was no functional impairment, and no evidence of recurrence at 18 months after therapy.
Pirfenidone and nintedanib for pulmonary fibrosis in clinical practice: Tolerability and adverse drug reactions
Authors: Galli Jonathan A. , Pandya Aloknath , Vega‐Olivo Michelle , Dass Chandra , Zhao Huaqing , Criner Gerard J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe real‐world tolerability of pirfenidone and nintedanib in non‐clinical trial patients is unknown. Many patients with pulmonary fibrosis have significant medical co‐morbidities or baseline characteristics that exclude them from clinical trial participation.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review study on subjects prescribed nintedanib or pirfenidone for pulmonary fibrosis treatment (any aetiology) from September 2014 to February 2016. A total of 186 subjects were included: 129 received pirfenidone and 57 were prescribed nintedanib and followed up for mean observation periods of 52 ± 17 weeks for pirfenidone and 41 ± 15 weeks for nintedanib. The primary outcome was drug discontinuation as a result of an adverse event.ResultsSubjects had significant respiratory impairment at baseline, 63% required home oxygen therapy and mean diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) was 36 ± 14% predicted. Drug discontinuation as a result of an adverse event occurred in 20.9% of subjects on pirfenidone and 26.3% on nintedanib. Drug discontinuation rates for both pirfenidone and nintedanib did not significantly differ from corresponding large clinical trials (ASCEND/CAPACITY and INPULSIS 1 and 2, respectively). Adverse events that occurred with highest frequency on pirfenidone were nausea (26.4%), rash/photosensitivity (14.7%) and dyspepsia/gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (12.4%). Diarrhoea (52.6%) and nausea (29.8%) were reported most often with nintedanib therapy.ConclusionPatients with pulmonary fibrosis treated with nintedanib or pirfenidone in routine clinical practice had drug tolerability and adverse event profiles comparable with subjects enrolled in clinical trials despite having a greater degree of respiratory impairment and a high prevalence of co‐morbid medical conditions.
Idiom Variation: Experimental Data and a Blueprint of a Computational Model
Authors: Geeraert Kristina , Newman John , Baayen R. Harald 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCorpus surveys have shown that the exact forms with which idioms are realized are subject to variation. We report a rating experiment showing that such alternative realizations have varying degrees of acceptability. Idiom variation challenges processing theories associating idioms with fixed multi‐word form units (Bobrow & Bell, 1973), fixed configurations of words (Cacciari & Tabossi, 1988), or fixed superlemmas (Sprenger, Levelt, & Kempen, 2006), as they do not explain how it can be that speakers produce variant forms that listeners can still make sense of. A computational model simulating comprehension with naive discriminative learning is introduced that provides an explanation for the different degrees of acceptability of several idiom variant types. Implications for multi‐word units in general are discussed.
Efficacy of Telavancin Alone and in Combination with Ampicillin in a Rat Model of Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis
Authors: Tran Truc T. , Tam Vincent H. , Murray Barbara E. , Arias Cesar A. , Singh Kavindra V. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

We first assessed telavancin (TLV) pharmacokinetics in rats after a single subcutaneous dose of 35 mg/kg of body weight. The pharmacokinetic data were used to predict a TLV dose that simulates human exposure, and the efficacy of TLV was then evaluated using a TLV dose of 21 mg/kg every 12 h against
Enterococcus faecalis
OG1RF (TLV MIC of 0.06 μg/ml) in a rat endocarditis model with an indwelling catheter. Therapy was given for 3 days with TLV, daptomycin (DAP), or ampicillin (AMP) monotherapy and with combinations of TLV plus AMP, AMP plus gentamicin (GEN), and AMP plus ceftriaxone (CRO); rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose. Antibiotics were given to simulate clinically relevant concentrations or as used in other studies. TLV treatment resulted in a significant decrease in bacterial burden (CFU per gram) in vegetations from 6.0 log
10
at time 0 to 3.1 log
10
after 3 days of therapy. Bacterial burdens in vegetations were also significantly lower in the TLV-treated rats than in the AMP (
P
= 0.0009)- and AMP-plus-GEN (
P
= 0.035)-treated rats but were not significantly different from that of the AMP-plus-CRO-treated rats. Bacterial burdens from vegetations in TLV monotherapy and TLV-plus-AMP-and-DAP groups were similar to each other (
P
≥ 0.05). Our data suggest that further study of TLV as a therapeutic alternative for deep-seated infections caused by vancomycin-susceptible
E. faecalis
is warranted.
Early Immune Regulatory Changes in a Primary Controlled Human Plasmodium vivax Infection: CD1c
+
Myeloid Dendritic Cell Maturation Arrest, Induction of the Kynurenine Pathway, and Regulatory T Cell Activation
Authors: Woodberry Tonia , Loughland Jessica R. , Minigo Gabriela , Burel Julie G. , Amante Fiona H. , Piera Kim A. , McNeil Yvette , Yeo Tsin W. , Good Michael F. , Doolan Denise L. , Engwerda Christian R. , McCarthy James S. , Anstey Nicholas M. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Plasmodium vivax
malaria remains a major public health problem. The requirements for acquisition of protective immunity to the species are not clear. Dendritic cells (DC) are essential for immune cell priming but also perform immune regulatory functions, along with regulatory T cells (Treg). An important function of DC involves activation of the kynurenine pathway via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Using a controlled human experimental infection study with blood-stage
P. vivax
, we characterized plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and myeloid DC (mDC) subset maturation, CD4
+
CD25
+
CD127
lo
Treg activation, and IDO activity. Blood samples were collected from six healthy adults preinoculation, at peak parasitemia (day 14; ∼31,400 parasites/ml), and 24 and 48 h after antimalarial treatment. CD1c
+
and CD141
+
mDC and pDC numbers markedly declined at peak parasitemia, while CD16
+
mDC numbers appeared less affected. HLA-DR expression was selectively reduced on CD1c
+
mDC, increased on CD16
+
mDC, and was unaltered on pDC. Plasma IFN-γ increased significantly and was correlated with an increased kynurenine/tryptophan (KT) ratio, a measure of IDO activity. At peak parasitemia, Treg presented an activated CD4
+
CD25
+
CD127
lo
CD45RA
−
phenotype and upregulated TNFR2 expression. In a mixed-effects model, the KT ratio was positively associated with an increase in activated Treg. Our data demonstrate that a primary
P. vivax
infection exerts immune modulatory effects by impairing HLA-DR expression on CD1c
+
mDC while activating CD16
+
mDC. Induction of the kynurenine pathway and increased Treg activation, together with skewed mDC maturation, suggest
P. vivax
promotes an immunosuppressive environment, likely impairing the development of a protective host immune response.
Genetic Analysis of Neisseria meningitidis Sequence Type 7 Serogroup X Originating from Serogroup A
Authors: Zhu Bingqing , Yao Pingping , Zhang Leyi , Gao Yuan , Xu Li , Xie Na , Shao Zhujun 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Neisseria meningitidis
causes meningococcal disease, often resulting in fulminant meningitis, sepsis, and death. Vaccination programs have been developed to prevent infection of this pathogen, but serogroup replacement is a problem. Capsular switching has been an important survival mechanism for
N. meningitidis
, allowing the organism to evolve in the present vaccine era. However, related mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. Genetic analysis of capsular switching between diverse serogroups would help further our understanding of this pathogen. In this study, we analyzed the genetic characteristics of the sequence type 7 (ST-7) serogroup X strain that was predicted to arise from ST-7 serogroup A at the genomic level. By comparing the genomic structures and sequences, ST-7 serogroup X was closest to ST-7 serogroup A, whereas eight probable recombination regions, including the capsular gene locus, were identified. This indicated that serogroup X originated from serogroup A by recombination leading to capsular switching. The recombination involved approximately 8,540 bp from the end of the
ctrC
gene to the middle of the
galE
gene. There were more recombination regions and strain-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms in serogroup X than in serogroup A genomes. However, no specific gene was found for each serogroup except those in the capsule gene locus.
RNA-Mediated
cis
Regulation in Acinetobacter baumannii Modulates Stress-Induced Phenotypic Variation
Authors: Ching Carly , Gozzi Kevin , Heinemann Björn , Chai Yunrong , Godoy Veronica G. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

In the nosocomial opportunistic pathogen
Acinetobacter baumannii
, RecA-dependent mutagenesis, which causes antibiotic resistance acquisition, is linked to the DNA damage response (DDR). Notably, unlike the
Escherichia coli
paradigm,
recA
and DDR gene expression in
A. baumannii
is bimodal. Namely, there is phenotypic variation upon DNA damage, which may provide a bet-hedging strategy for survival. Thus, understanding
recA
gene regulation is key to elucidate the yet unknown DDR regulation in
A. baumannii
. Here, we identify a structured 5′ untranslated region (UTR) in the
recA
transcript which serves as a
cis
-regulatory element. We show that a predicted stem-loop structure in this 5′ UTR affects mRNA half-life and underlies bimodal gene expression and thus phenotypic variation in response to ciprofloxacin treatment. We furthermore show that the stem-loop structure of the
recA
5′ UTR influences intracellular RecA protein levels and,
in vivo
, impairing the formation of the stem-loop structure of the
recA
5′ UTR lowers cell survival of UV treatment and decreases rifampin resistance acquisition from DNA damage-induced mutagenesis. We hypothesize that the 5′ UTR allows for stable
recA
transcripts during stress, including antibiotic treatment, enabling cells to maintain suitable RecA levels for survival. This innovative strategy to regulate the DDR in
A. baumannii
may contribute to its success as a pathogen.

IMPORTANCE
Acinetobacter baumannii
is an opportunistic pathogen quickly gaining antibiotic resistances. Mutagenesis and antibiotic resistance acquisition are linked to the DNA damage response (DDR). However, how the DDR is regulated in
A. baumannii
remains unknown, since unlike most bacteria,
A. baumannii
does not follow the regulation of the
Escherichia coli
paradigm. In this study, we have started to uncover the mechanisms regulating the novel
A. baumannii
DDR. We have found that a
cis
-acting 5′ UTR regulates
recA
transcript stability, RecA protein levels, and DNA damage-induced phenotypic variation. Though 5′ UTRs are known to provide stability to transcripts in bacteria, this is the first example in which it regulates a bimodal DDR response through
recA
transcript stabilization, potentially enabling cells to have enough RecA for survival and genetic variability.
What is the effect of health coaching on physical activity participation in people aged 60 years and over? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Oliveira Juliana S , Sherrington Catherine , Amorim Anita B , Dario Amabile B , Tiedemann Anne 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundPhysical inactivity is common in older age, yet increased activity benefits older people in terms of preventing chronic disease and maximising independence. Health coaching is a behaviour change intervention that has been shown to increase physical activity in clinical populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of health coaching on physical activity, mobility, quality of life and mood in older people.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, LILACS and CINAHL databases were used to identify randomised controlled trials which evaluated the effect of health coaching on physical activity (primary outcome) among people aged 60+. Secondary outcomes were mobility, quality of life and mood. We calculated standardised mean differences (SMDs, Hedges’ g) with 95% CIs from random effects meta-analyses.Results27 eligible trials were included. Health coaching had a small, statistically significant effect on physical activity (27 studies; SMD = 0.27; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.37; p<0.001). There was no evidence of an effect of health coaching on mobility (eight studies; SMD = 0.10; 95% CI −0.03 to 0.23; p=0.13), quality of life (eight studies; SMD = 0.07; 95% CI −0.06 to 0.20; p<0.05) or mood (five studies; SMD = 0.02; 95% CI −0.12 to 0.16; p=0.83).ConclusionsHealth coaching significantly increased physical activity in people aged 60+. There was no evidence of an effect of health coaching on quality of life, mobility and mood, so different approaches may be required to impact on these outcomes.
Evidence for seamount accretion to a peri-Laurentian arc during closure of Iapetus 1This article is one of a series of papers published in CJES Special Issue: In honour of Ward Neale on the theme of Appalachian and Grenvillian geology.2 Geological Survey of Canada Contribution 20100465.
Authors: Zagorevski A. , McNicoll V. 
Published: March 2017

The Red Indian Line is the fundamental Iapetus suture zone in the Newfoundland Appalchians along which the main tract of the Iapetus Ocean was consumed. Despite being the site of the closure of a wide ocean, few vestiges of the Iapetus plate have been accreted along Red Indian Line. Ordovician rocks in the Notre Dame Bay area preserve the only evidence for accretion of a seamount in Newfoundland. The seamount is characterized by alkali basalt and hypabyssal rocks that are juxtaposed with Darriwilian peri-Laurentian volcanic arc rocks (466 ± 4 and 467 ± 4 Ma) along a major mylonite zone. The mylonite zone lacks sedimentary rocks suggesting that the seamount was accreted to the arc along a sediment-starved interface and that significant subduction erosion took place along the Laurentian margin. Identification of subduction erosion indicates that an accretionary prism did not exist outboard of Laurentia in Newfoundland, in contrast to the well developed accretionary prisms of the Caledonides.
Vein assemblages and fluid evolution in 18O-depleted Neoproterozoic igneous rocks of the Mira terrane, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia1This article is one of a series of papers published in CJES Special Issue: In honour of Ward Neale on the theme of Appalachian and Grenvillian geology.2Laboratory for Stable Isotope Science (LSIS) Contribution 251.
Authors: Potter Joanna , Longstaffe Frederick J. , Barr Sandra M. 
Published: March 2017

Fluids responsible for regional 18O-depletion of Neoproterozoic igneous rocks in Avalonia are investigated here through a petrographic, microthermometric, and stable isotopic examination of fluid inclusions and minerals from the abundant vein networks of the Mira terrane, Cape Breton Island. Six categories of vein assemblages — from oldest to youngest — are present: (i) quartz–albite, (ii) quartz–epidote, (iii) quartz, (iv) quartz–chlorite–calcite, (v) quartz–calcite, and (vi) calcite. Vein system temperatures were initially as high as ∼300 °C and gradually decreased to ∼200 °C. Moderate salinities (<8 equivalent wt.% NaCl) characterize entrapped fluids in the early quartz–albite veins but decrease in later quartz–epidote and quartz–calcite veins to <1 equiv. wt.% NaCl. The limited range of fluid δ18O values (–1.9‰ to +1.4‰) calculated for most of the vein assemblages is suggestive of a seawater-dominated system, as are the δDH2O values (–12‰ to –3‰) obtained for epidote. Decreasing fluid salinities, however, suggest that meteoric water became dominant during later stages of vein formation. The carbon isotopic compositions of trace CO2 and CH4 from the fluid inclusions (δ13CCO2 = –22‰ to –4‰; δ13CCH4 = –52‰ to –37‰) are indicative of externally derived (i.e., non-magmatic) fluids of organic origin.
From local to global conjugacy of subgroups of relatively hyperbolic groups
Authors: Bogopolski Oleg , Bux Kai-Uwe 
Published: March 2017

Suppose that a finitely generated group [Formula: see text] is hyperbolic relative to a collection of subgroups [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be subgroups of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is relatively quasiconvex with respect to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is not parabolic. Suppose that [Formula: see text] is elementwise conjugate into [Formula: see text]. Then there exists a finite index subgroup of [Formula: see text] which is conjugate into [Formula: see text]. The minimal length of the conjugator can be estimated. In the case, where [Formula: see text] is a limit group, it is sufficient to assume only that [Formula: see text] is a finitely generated and [Formula: see text] is an arbitrary subgroup of [Formula: see text].
Speed Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motor Drive with PI and Fuzzy Controller
Authors: Gunabalan R. , Subbiah V. 
Published: March 2017

<p>This paper directed the speed-sensorless vector control of induction motor drive with PI and fuzzy controllers. Natural observer with fourth order state space model is employed to estimate the speed and rotor fluxes of the induction motor. The formation of the natural observer is similar to and as well as its attribute is identical to the induction motor. Load torque adaptation is provided to estimate the torque and rotor speed is estimated from the load torque, rotor fluxes and stator currents. There is no direct feedback in natural observer and also observer gain matrix is absent. Both the induction motor and the observer are characterized by state space model. Simple fuzzy logic controller and conventional PI controllers are used to control the speed of the induction motor in closed loop. MATLAB simulations are made with PI and fuzzy controllers and the performance of fuzzy controller is better than PI controller in view of torque ripples. The simulation results are obtained for various running conditions to exhibit the suitability of this method for sensorless vector control. Experimental results are provided for natual observer based sensorless vector control with conventional PI controller.</p>