bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methamphetamine use and emergency services in Australia: a scoping review
Authors: Ross Linda , Adams Tristan , Beovich Bronwyn 
Published: June 2017

Methamphetamine use in Australia has been the topic of considerable attention by the media, political parties and the general public in recent years. This occurrence, along with the need for ambulance services and personnel to be adequately prepared, warrant further research in this area. This scoping review aims to determine who is currently using methamphetamines, whether prevalence has changed over time, and the impact is this having on emergency ambulance services in Australia. Key Findings: users of methamphetamine in Australia are mostly male, aged late twenties to early thirties and born in Australia. They generally have low levels of education and high levels of unemployment, homelessness, and rates of dependence. Overall rates of methamphetamine usage has not changed, however the proportion of users taking stronger forms of the substance has increased dramatically leading to adverse health consequences and emergency service intervention. Implications: Methamphetamine use is a societal issue which has far reaching consequences impacting on individuals, families, communities and healthcare personnel. Conclusion: the related health issues and aggression associated with methamphetamine affected patients, coupled with the increasing hospital and ambulance utilisation by this population warrants more research being undertaken on this issue.
Sexual Orientation Disparities in Mistimed and Unwanted Pregnancy Among Adult Women
Authors: Everett Bethany G. , McCabe Katharine F. , Hughes Tonda L. 
Published: June 2017

CONTEXTMany sexual minority women, regardless of sexual identity, engage in heterosexual behavior across the life course, which provides them opportunities to experience an unintended pregnancy. In addition, sexual minority women are more likely than others to report characteristics that may make them vulnerable to unintended pregnancy. Little research, however, has examined whether the risk of unintended pregnancy is elevated among these women.METHODSUsing data from the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth, logistic regression models were fitted to examine sexual orientation disparities in mistimed and unwanted pregnancies among 9,807 women aged 20–45; mixed‐effects hazard models assessed disparities in the intention status of 5,238 pregnancies among these women by maternal sexual orientation.RESULTSCompared with heterosexual women reporting only male partners, heterosexual women who have sex with women had higher odds of reporting a mistimed pregnancy (odds ratio, 1.4), and bisexual women had higher odds of reporting an unwanted pregnancy (1.8). When compared with pregnancies reported by heterosexual women with only male partners, those reported by heterosexual women who have sex with women were more likely to be mistimed (hazard ratio, 1.7), and those reported by bisexual and lesbian women were more likely to be unwanted (1.7–4.4).CONCLUSIONSCompared with heterosexuals who have sex with men only, adult sexual minority women are at equal or greater risk of reporting an unintended pregnancy. More research addressing the reproductive health care needs of sexual minority women is needed to develop strategies to improve family planning for this population.
Effect of Psoralea corylifolia extract on physically induced depression in mice.
Authors: D. Bhawya , Anilakumar K. R. , Khanum Farhath 
Published: June 2017

<p>The mouse forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) are widely used to predict anti-depressant efficacy indicated by immobility time to be reduced by several different classes of anti-depressant drugs. PCE feeding at the dose of 75,150 and 300 mg/kg reduced the immobility duration at 14-days and 21-days, however the decrease was significant in mice treated with PCE for 21-days also, extract had no effect on spontaneous motor activity in mice, indicating that extract had no excitatory or inhibitory action on central nervous system in effective dose range, which eliminated the probability of false-positive results in forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Interestingly, the dose-response effect of PCE on reduction of serum CRF levels was concomitance with that on increase of brain 5-HT contents, as well as on swimming increase, indicating that the serotonergic system and the HPA axis responds with the production of 5-HT and CRF profiles that is characteristic for PCE applied in the mouse FST. Our results demonstrate that the oral administration of PCE possesses an anti-depressant-like activity, as evidenced by behavioural studies. Detailed investigations are needed to fully elucidate the mechanism of action at cellular level for the bioactive constituents present in the extract. </p>
Health Food for Soldiers
Authors: Khanum Farhath , Anand T. , Ilaiyaraja N. , Patil M. M. , Singsit D. , Shiromani Shikha , Sharma R. K. 
Published: June 2017

One of the biggest challenges the Indian army has been confronting is maintaining its troops at tough high altitude battle field of more than 18,000 feet. At such high altitude, troops are exposed to inclement weather, perilous altitude, difficult terrain and psychological problems arising out of being isolated from the main land miles away from their near and dear ones. Under such circumstances if an army has to keep its soldiers physically fit and in high morale to fight against the enemy and protect the integrity of the nation, it has to be provided with palatable, healthy and adequate nutritious food. Hence, it is essential to formulate health foods keeping in aid the real need of the soliders to alleviate such situations also. There are hundreds of phytochemicals reported to possess therapeutic effects. The health foods containing these phytochemicals can be classified in to six categories, viz. health promotion - to improve health on a regular basis, sickness prevention - to prevent seasonal climate related problems, disease control - to fight early symptoms of health problems, supporting - to complement the primary treatment and to combat adverse side effects of harsh drugs during sickness, recuperating - to revive and regain vitality after sickness, rejuvenating - to repair damages and body malfunctions to restore health
Effect of packaging materials and storage on quality attributes of freeze dried pineapple lassi powder for defence applications
Authors: Shiby V. K. , Jayashree V. , Sanchita S. , Pandey M. C. 
Published: June 2017

The study evaluates the effect of two different packaging materials on storage stabililty of and instant fruit-dairy functional beverage mix. Freeze dried Pineapple lassi (PL) powder was packaged in Aluminium Laminated Polyethylene (ALP) and Metallised Polyester (MP). Quality changes at elevated temperature conditions (38±1°C, 33 % relative humidity) were evaluated. Shelf life was calculated to be 44 and 62 days in MP and ALP pouches, respectively. Moisture, water activity, Vitamin C, Lactococci, TBA, colour change and Browning Index were studied in both packaging materials. ALP was found to be better than MP as samples kept in ALP preserved most of the antioxidant properties. The kinetics of Vitamin C degradation was of first order (K=-0.017 , R2= 0.99). Moisture content increased and l<em>actococci </em> count decreased during storage
Rapid production of therapeutic proteins using plant system
Authors: Ramalingam Sathish Kumar , Iyappan G. , Priya S. Hari , Kadirvelu K. , Kingston J. , Gopalan Natarajan , Sharma R. K. 
Published: June 2017

Plant molecular farming is simply defined as the production of proteins therapeutics (PT) in plants, which involves transient gene expression in plants and purification of expressed protein to a great scale for diagnosis, treatment and other applications. This is therapid,economical, safe and reproducible approach for the production of PTas compared to bacterial and mammalian systems. Protein yield and post-translational modifications are the major roadblocks that can be overcome byhigh expression strategies includes over expression constructs, suitable plant host systems and glycoengineering of proteins. The inherent ability of ideally producing safe, functional protein is the most striking phenomenon recognized by the pharmaceutical industries and developed many therapeutic products within few weeks to meet escalating demands during pandemic/epidemic outbreaks recently
Enumeration of complex and real surfaces via tropical geometry
Authors: Markwig Hannah , Markwig Thomas , Shustin Eugenii 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We prove a correspondence theorem for singular tropical surfaces in ℝ3, which recovers singular algebraic surfaces in an appropriate toric three-fold that tropicalize to a given singular tropical surface. Furthermore, we develop a three-dimensional version of Mikhalkin’s lattice path algorithm that enumerates singular tropical surfaces passing through an appropriate configuration of points in ℝ3. As application we show that there are pencils of real surfaces of degree d in ℙ3 containing at least (3/2)d
3 + O(d
2) singular surfaces, which is asymptotically comparable to the number 4(d − 1)3 of all complex singular surfaces in the pencil. Our result relies on the classification of singular tropical surfaces [12].
Defined wetting properties of optical surfaces
Authors: Felde Nadja , Coriand Luisa , Schröder Sven , Duparré Angela , Tünnermann Andreas 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Optical surfaces equipped with specific functional properties have attracted increasing importance over the last decades. In the light of cost reduction, hydrophobic self-cleaning behavior is aspired. On the other side, hydrophilic properties are interesting due to their anti-fog effect. It has become well known that such wetting states are significantly affected by the surface morphology. For optical surfaces, however, this fact poses a problem, as surface roughness can induce light scattering. The generation of optical surfaces with specific wetting properties, hence, requires a profound understanding of the relation between the wetting and the structural surface properties. Thus, our work concentrates on a reliable acquisition of roughness data over a wide spatial frequency range as well as on the comprehensive description of the wetting states, which is needed for the establishment of such correlations. We will present our advanced wetting analysis for nanorough optical surfaces, extended by a vibration-based procedure, which is mainly for understanding and tailoring the wetting behavior of various solid-liquid systems in research and industry. Utilizing the relationships between surface roughness and wetting, it will be demonstrated how different wetting states for hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity can be realized on optical surfaces with minimized scatter losses.
A non-monotonic relationship between public debt and economic growth: the effect of financial monopsony
Authors: Roberts Mark A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA small amount of fixed-interest public debt may raise economic growth, if the financial sector is monopsonistic. We show that there are also redistributive gains favouring financial outsiders, defined by their lack of access to a stock exchange. The requirements are that issuing public debt raises the monopsony interest rate, thus reduces the value of financial sector equity, which, like public debt, is another source of crowding-out.
Determination of reference intervals for urinary steroid profiling using a newly validated GC-MS/MS method
Authors: de Jong Wilhelmina H.A. , Buitenwerf Edward , Pranger Alle T. , Riphagen Ineke J. , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H.R. , Kerstens Michiel N. , Kema Ido P. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background:
Urinary steroid profiling (USP) is a powerful diagnostic tool to asses disorders of steroidogenesis. Pre-analytical factors such as age, sex and use of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) may affect steroid hormone synthesis and metabolism. In general, USP reference intervals are not adjusted for these variables. In this study we aimed to establish such reference intervals using a newly-developed and validated gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection method (GC-MS/MS).

Methods:
Two hundred and forty healthy subjects aged 20–79 years, stratified into six consecutive decade groups each containing 20 males and 20 females, were included. None of the subjects used medications. In addition, 40 women aged 20–39 years using OCP were selected. A GC-MS/MS assay, using hydrolysis, solid phase extraction and double derivatization, was extensively validated and applied for determining USP reference intervals.

Results:
Androgen metabolite excretion declined with age in both men and women. Cortisol metabolite excretion remained constant during life in both sexes but increased in women 70–79 years of age. Progesterone metabolite excretion peaked in 30–39-year-old women and declined afterwards. Women using OCP had lower excretions of androgen metabolites, progesterone metabolites and cortisol metabolites. Method validation results met prerequisites and revealed the robustness of the GC-MS/MS method.

Conclusions:
We developed a new GC-MS/MS method for USP which is applicable for high throughput analysis. Widely applicable age and sex specific reference intervals for 33 metabolites and their diagnostic ratios have been defined. In addition to age and gender, USP reference intervals should be adjusted for OCP use.
Exploring maternal attitudes towards adolescent contraception: implications for use of LARC
Authors: O’Rourke-Suchoff Danielle K. , Arora Kavita S. , Hildebrand Vanessa M. , Singer Mendel E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Maternal attitudes have been shown to impact adolescent girls’ sexual decision making and attitudes towards contraception. Given the potential for maternal influence on adolescent contraceptive use, we undertook an exploratory study of mothers’ perceptions of the maternal role in adolescent contraceptive decision making, and maternal perceptions of long acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) for adolescent girls.

Materials and methods
We utilized a mixed methods study design. Acceptability of contraceptive methods and attitudes towards adolescent contraceptive use were assessed using a paper survey of 162 mothers of girls aged 11–19 years in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Seven survey participants completed subsequent semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using grounded theory methodology.

Results
Pills, condoms and injections were most frequently selected as acceptable by 55.4%, 55.4%, and 51.6% of women, respectively. One or more LARC methods were selected by 16.6% of the women. Of those (94.4%) agreed or strongly agreed that, “It is expected of me to make sure that my daughter knows about birth control methods.” Important themes that emerged during interviews were the responsibility mothers felt to help their daughters navigate contraception options, appreciation of the effectiveness of LARC methods and concerns about the use of those methods by teenagers due to the invasiveness.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that mothers want to be involved and support adolescent decision making about contraceptives. We also found that mothers viewed LARC as less acceptable than other forms of birth control for adolescents and have specific concerns about LARC. These results suggest directions for future work to better characterize the impact of maternal attitudes on adolescent LARC use.
Bicycle and helmet use of adolescents in Markham, Canada
Authors: Borean Michael , Ho Stephanie , Hollenberg Drew , Anpalagan Tharani , Rzepka Anna , Viehweger Jaclyn , Ho Christopher , Rigby Isaac , Chow Ronald 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBicycle crashes are the second most common sports- or recreation-associated cause of serious injury. While the literature suggests that wearing protective helmets can significantly decrease risks associated with bicycle-related injuries, overall helmet use remains sub-optimal. A recent study by Chow et al. suggested that helmet-wearing rates in adolescent boys are negatively correlated with age. The aim of this study was to determine if similar trends are observed in a co-educational high school setting. A questionnaire was circulated at Unionville High School, a co-ed public high school in Markham, Canada. Of the 144 participants, 27 of them were in Grade 9 or 10, and 117 of them were in Grade 11 or 12. While there was no statistical difference between helmet-wearing rates in Grade 9–10 and Grade 11–12 students, overall usage rates were low (41% and 38%, respectively, for recreational cyclists). This trend is interesting, considering that nearly 90% of all students were aware that wearing a helmet while cycling is required under Ontario law. Further studies should be conducted among the young adult population to determine whether the alarming trends discovered by this study and Chow et al. continue.
Pubertal gynecomastia: years of progress – the Hacettepe experience
Authors: Akgül Sinem , Derman Orhan , Kanbur Nuray 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGynecomastia is defined as an enlargement of the male breast. Although it is commonly seen during puberty, it is often overlooked by many physicians. As adolescent medicine specialists, we believe there is a gap in the literature concerning both the etiology and maybe more importantly the care of these adolescents. Thus, we have been dedicated to conducting research on this topic. The aim of this review article was to evaluate the studies concerning pubertal gynecomastia that took place at the Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University, published between the years 2003 and 2016. The review covers in detail both the short- and long-term effectivity and safety of tamoxifen used for the treatment of pubertal gynecomastia. As the exact basis for the pathogenesis of gynecomastia remains unknown, we also evaluate three studies that aimed to answer this question. We additionally review a study that aimed to assess the psychological distress and effect on body image that gynecomastia may have on the adolescent male. An important contribution this review article adds to the literature is as a conclusion to all the studies performed, we present the ‘Hacettepe indications for tamoxifen treatment for pubertal gynecomastia’. These indications will aid physicians when considering treating these patients.
Meningococcal disease awareness and meningoccocal vaccination among Greek students planning to travel abroad
Authors: Pavli Androula , Katerelos Panagiotis , Maltezou Helena C. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective
Students living in dormitories are at increased risk for meningococcal disease. Our aim was to evaluate Greek students planning to study abroad about their level of meningococcal disease awareness and attitudes and practices towards meningococcal vaccination.

Methods
We studied 231 Greek ERASMUS students using a questionnaire.

Results
Students had a mean number of 4.1 correct answers out of six questions. In particular 66.5% 79.3%, 72.3% and 82.3% of them answered correctly about the etiology, transmission, epidemiology and treatment of meningococcal disease, respectively. Only 23.4% were vaccinated, whereas 14.7% were planning to do so in the near future. Students who answered correctly ≥5 questions were more likely to be male, vaccinated against meningococcal meningitis and science students.

Conclusion
We found an overall good level of knowledge about meningococcal disease among Greek students planning to study or already studying abroad. Knowledge about meningococcal disease was associated with vaccine uptake. However, vaccination rate against meningococcal disease was low.
Parent educators for teenage smoking behavior
Authors: Herawati Lucky , Budiman Johan Arief , Hadi Choirul , Khair Abdul 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
Several studies have shown that there is a significant relationship between teenagers and parental smoking behavior. This study was to empower parent (smokers and non-smokers) to raise parents’ concern, to describe teenagers’ knowledge about smoking and its dangers, to reduce the status of teenage smoking behavior, and to decrease the number of cigarettes smoked/day.

Methods
This was a quasi-experimental study, with a pretest-posttest group design. The respondents were 649 students from the 8th grade in junior high schools from three provinces in Indonesia divided into two intervention groups and one control group. The dependent variable was the implementation of parent educators (smokers and non-smokers) who were trained about smoking and its dangers. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significant level of 0.05.

Results
The results showed that the smoking parent educator model increased the frequency of parent concern significantly and improved knowledge about the dangers of smoking insignificantly; whereas the non-smoker parent educator model decreased the number of respondents’ frequent smoking status insignificantly and reduced the number of cigarettes smoked /day by the frequent smoker respondents significantly.

Conclusion
The parent educator model can be used for preventing teenage smoking behavior.
Kib’eyal taq ch’ab’äl: Mayan language regimes in Guatemala
Authors: Maxwell Judith 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHaving survived a 36-year genocidal war, as well as 500 years of colonial and neocolonial domination, the Maya of Guatemala have developed strong and explicit strategies to maintain their languages and to define their own language communities. In this article, I explore how these language ideologies have changed over time from precontact interactions, colonial and republican eras into the early 1930s, through the violence of the civil war, into a period of paragovernmental interaction, and finally into a dichotomous era of standardization/revitalization and language shift. I explore the dynamic tensions between the national promotion of Mayan languages, through the Ministry of Education and the Academy of Mayan Languages of Guatemala, and the neoliberal regime’s emphasis on economic advancement and social simplification. These national trends are compared with more local grassroots language movements, their ideologies, and language regimes.
“ktîr Tajjibe ce plat! fî garlic?”: Compliments and assessments in French and Lebanese dinner talk
Authors: Traverso Véronique , Dimachki Loubna 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present a comparative analysis of compliments and other evaluative comments in French and Lebanese Arabic. The analysis is based on naturally-occurring interactions, video-recorded during dinner invitations among friends and relatives. The analysis focuses on two specific types of compliments related to being offered and savoring food. The description takes into account not only the linguistic forms of assessments and compliments (on the syntactic and lexical levels), but also vocal productions like “hm”, as well as gestures, mimics, gaze and other multimodal resources. In the first part of the paper, we discuss the main aspects of previous studies on compliments that will be used as reference points for our own study. We then present the corpora we used and our methodology. The last part of the paper is devoted to the interactional multimodal analysis of specific types of compliments related to being offered food in the two corpora.