bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the health effects of coal mining on coal mine	workers of Baluchistan
Authors: Azad Salah Uddin 
Published: February 2017

Background: The data on coal mine workers was collected from May 2009 to April 2010.Objective:To study the health issues of coal mine workers. Methods: Two types of data were collected. Primary data was obtained through topographic survey and questionnaire while Secondary data about the health issues, medical facilities and other allied facilities of coal mine workers of Baluchistan (pakistan) were collected from; Mine& Mineral department of Quetta, hospitals and medicals facilities in coal mine fields. Three mine fields i.e. Mach, So-range-Degari, and Chamalong coal fields were selected and further subdivided as M1,M2,andM3 at Mach coal field, SD1, SD2 and SD3 at So-range-Degari and C1, C2 and C3 at Chamalong coal field. Results: The average emission of Methane (CH4), Carbon monoxide (CO), and Oxygen (O2) in coal mine fields was 11.8m3/ton, 36ppm and 14% respectively which, exceeded the permissible limits of 1-10m3/ton, 30ppm and 18%. The concentration of coal dust (Carbon and Quartz) was 4-5mg/m3 and 0.35mg/m3 respectively as against the threshold limits of 2mg/m3 and 0.05-0.1 mg/m3 for 8 hours daily and 40 hours/week. Due to high concentration of coal dust the miners experienced headache, irritation in throat, nose and eyes, drowsiness, shortness of breath, nausea, pneumoconiosis, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive bronchitis, heart problems, and other respiratory illnesses. The coal water and slurry was disposed off in an unconfined area causing contamination of drinking water leading to symptoms of indigestion and diarrhea to the miners. Conclusion: Government of Baluchistan and coal mine owners should take concrete steps to improve the adverse health impacts of coal miners.
Ich bin glücklicher, wenn ihr mir helft, selbst Entscheidungen zu treffen – Zufriedenheit und Zukunftserwartungen von Siebzehnjährigen (2006-2013)
Authors: Wüst Kirsten 
Published: February 2017

We estimate a structural equation model using the representative SOEP-panel (DIW Berlin) to find the explaining factors for life satisfaction and expectations for the future of young people being seventeen years old in the years 2006 to 2013. The respondents state a high life satisfaction and rate their future positively. The personality of the respondents has a strong effect on their feeling to have control over their life and on life satisfaction in general and expectations for the future. Also, a supporting and appreciating attitude of parents which is positively influenced by their own satisfaction, strengthens the satisfaction of young people. The satisfaction varies between school types, however no significant differences can be found regarding pupils’ expectations of the future.
Zusammenfassung
Unter Verwendung des repräsentativen SOEPPanels (DIW Berlin) wird ein Strukturgleichungsmodell zur Erklärung der Bedingungsfaktoren für die aktuelle Zufriedenheit und die Zukunftsperspektive für Jugendliche, die in den Jahren 2006 bis 2013 siebzehn Jahre alt waren, geschätzt. Die befragten Jugendlichen geben insgesamt eine hohe Zufriedenheit an und schätzen ihre beruflichen Zukunftsaussichten als relativ gut ein. Es können starke Effekte der Persönlichkeit auf das Gefühl der Jugendlichen, Kontrolle über ihr Leben zu haben, und damit auf Zufriedenheit und Zukunftserwartungen ausgemacht werden. Das wertschätzende Verhalten der Eltern, das von deren eigener Zufriedenheit positiv beeinflusst wird, fördert ebenfalls die Attribution der Kontrollierbarkeit und wirkt sich so positiv auf die Zufriedenheit der Jugendlichen aus. Gymnasiasten sind zufriedener als Realschüler und -schülerinnen, allerdings zeigt sich kein signifikanter Unterschied der Zukunftserwartungen zwischen den Schularten. Für das wertschätzende Verhalten der Eltern lassen sich aber für Schüler und Schülerinnen der unterschiedlichen Schularten Unterschiede festmachen.
Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der deutschen Familiensoziologie: Theorien, Daten, Methoden
Authors: Fasang Anette Eva , Huinink Johannes , Pollmann-Schult Matthias 
Published: February 2017

How and in which areas did our knowledge of family structures, family dynamics and the determinants of family change improve in the past decade? Which substantive areas receive most attention and which questions are underresearched? Which methods are commonly applied in empirical family research and what can we say about data availability? This article reviews the current discussion and recent research on these questions in German family sociology in the context of the international literature. Next to a review of the substantive research foci in the past decade and an overview of available data and methods, we focus on identifying current substantive research gaps and methodological deficits. We formulate three requests for current family research in the social sciences: a timely family sociology that is relevant for social policy has to 1) pay more attention to subjective, cultural and social influences on family change beyond its structural determinants; 2) generate more knowledge on the contributions and capabilities of families in our contemporary society; and 3) intervene more forcefully into adjacent research areas including education, stratification and migration.
Zusammenfassung
Wie und in welchen Bereichen hat sich in den letzten 10 Jahren unser Wissen von familialen Strukturen und Dynamiken sowie den Ursachen ihres Wandels verbessert? Wo liegen die inhaltlichen Schwerpunkte der Forschung und welche Fragestellungen werden vernachlässigt? Welche Methoden werden in der empirischen Familienforschung verwendet, und welche Daten stehen zur Verfügung? Der Beitrag resümiert den Diskussions- und Forschungsstand zu diesen Fragen in der deutschen Familiensoziologie unter Bezugnahme auf die internationale Literatur. Neben einer Bestandsaufnahme der Forschungsschwerpunkte in den letzten 10 Jahren und einem Überblick über verfügbare Daten und Methoden fokussieren die Autoren auf die Identifikation von aktuellen inhaltlichen Forschungslücken und methodischen Defiziten. Es werden in drei Thesen Forderungen an die aktuelle sozialwissenschaftliche Familienforschung formuliert: Eine zeitgemäße, sozialpolitisch relevante familiensoziologische Forschung muss 1) neben strukturellen Faktoren stärker subjektive, kulturelle und soziale Einflussfaktoren familialen Wandels berücksichtigen; 2) mehr belastbares Wissen über die Leistungen und die Leistungsfähigkeit der Familie in unserer Gegenwartsgesellschaft gewinnen; und 3) sich stärker in angrenzende Forschungsbereiche einmischen, u.a. Bildung, Ungleichheit und Migration.
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Taslima , Murshed Mohammad , Begum Taslima , Nahar Kamrun , Duza Syeda Sharmin , Shahnaz Sabeena 
Published: February 2017

Infections with resistant strain are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients especially the critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU). The present study was conducted to know the changing pattern of antibiotic resistance of the common isolates from blood, urine, respiratory secretions and pus/ wound swab of patients admitted in ICU at Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College hospital over a two years period from January 2012 to December 2013. A total of 1282 samples were analyzed. Out of which 301 (23.5%) samples were positive for growth of organisms. The predominant isolates were E.coli (28%), Klebsiella (27%), Acinetobacter (17.3%), Pseudomonas (9.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (5.3%) & candida (6%). Majority isolates were resistant to Cephalosporin and Amoxycillin, (>70-90%). Carbapenem were still highly active against E.coli. However, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were showing alarming resistance (55-60%) towards those drugs. Aminoglycosides resistance has also increased for Pseudomonas and Klebsiella. The percentage of Cloxacillin resistant for staphylococcus was near about 40%. The most active drug against Pseudomonas was piperacillin/Tazobactam. The positive result from this study was that organisms showed decreased resistance towards Tetracycline, Cotrimoxazole and Ciprofloxacin. The sensitivity of Nitrofurantoin for urinary isolates was good. Regular surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility pattern & judicious use of antibiotics is very important for reducing the infection rate and antimicrobial resistance.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2014; 08 (01): 07-11
Le réseau de la Diau
Authors: Lismonde Baudouin 
Published: February 2017

La grotte de la Diau est la résurgence d'un important système souterrain du massif des Bornes en Haute-Savoie (France). Elle draine un bassin versant d'environ 9km2, étagé de 1200m à 1800m d'altitude et son débit moyen avoisine 4001/s.
Les explorations spéléologiques ont permis de reconnaître les 4/5 du collecteur sur deux tronçons non encore reliés (grotte de la Diau, gouffre du Pertuis). Deux affluents importants ont été explorés. Le développement de la grotte de la Diau est de 14,9km pour 702m de dénivellation.
Le collecteur est situé dans le creux du synclinal du Pertuis à la limite des calcaires urgoniens et des marno-calcaires hauteriviens. Suivant la pente et la fracturation on trouve plusieurs types morphologiques de galeries dont deux typiques de régime vadose. Les deux affluents reconnus (affluent des Grenoblois et affluent de la Tanne des Météores) empruntent des fractures de tension liées au décrochement senestre nord-ouest -sud-est qui affecte le Parmelan.
Étude des circulations d'air dans la grotte de Niaux. Conséquences
Authors: Andrieux Claude 
Published: February 2017

The air movements in the «grotte de Niaux» -consequences. The present paper deals to air movements in the «grotte de Niaux» (Ariège, France) during ten years (1971-1980). The data (observations measurements) have been obtained, upon an average, each week ; they relate to the direction of underground air movements, to the speed and to average air flow which have been measured at some places, as cave entrances.
The results show two types of air movements. In the first one, the gas exchanges between the cave and the outside happen through the galleries and the known entrances and also through all the fractures of the carbonate rocks. When it occurs, the cave can be divided in three main parts, each one having their own characteristics. The second one is observed only during very rainy times ; the all cave is then subjected to air movement according to the «wind tube model». The air exchanges through the fractures are fixed by the percolation. The percolation zone is consequently submited to diphasic waterflow.
Therefore, différents models of air movements in caves must be considered. These data show also it is needful that the air flow should be measured to understand the climatic phenomena of the caves.
Le Vercors : un massif de la moyenne montagne alpine
Authors: Delannoy Jean-Jacques 
Published: February 2017

Massif de moyenne montagne forestier des Préalpes françaises du Nord, le Vercors a vite retenu l'attention des spéléologues qui ont su dès le début du siècle mettre en avant la densité et la diversité des formes karstiques.
La diversité s'exprime dans l'association de paysages glacio-karstiques plus ou moins dégradés, de paysages de buttes et de dépressions et de profondes gorges transverses dans lesquelles émergent les principales émergences du massif.
La notion d'héritage morpho-climatique s'applique, sans conteste, au karst souterrain pour lequel les épisodes glaciaires quaternaires ont été déterminants dans la genèse des grands réseaux (gouffre Berger-sc. de la Fromagère, Antre des Dam¬ nés, Combe de Fer...). L'étude des remplissages souterrains nous permet de mettre à jour plusieurs phases dans la karstification du massif dont une étape anté-glaciaire (réseaux supérieurs des Cuves de Sassenage, Gournier, Coufin-Chevaline...).
L'étude de la dynamique actuelle montre que le Vercors connait une ablation karstique importante, comprise entre 120 et 170 mm/millénaire en fonction du contexte bio-climatique. La dynamique karstique s'exerce essentiellement dans la tranche superficielle du massif (80 à 50% de l'ablation totale).
Le Vercors peut être considéré comme le type optimal de massif calcaire de moyenne montagne tempérée, grâce à la combinaison de plusieurs paramètres favorables : bonne aptitude litho-structurale, des épisodes morphoclimatiques non contraignants et une intense dynamique karstiaue.
High-latitude Conic Current Sheets in the Solar Wind
Authors: Khabarova Olga V. , Malova Helmi V. , Kislov Roman A. , Zelenyi Lev M. , Obridko Vladimir N. , Kharshiladze Alexander F. , Tokumaru Munetoshi , Sokół Justyna M. , Grzedzielski Stan , Fujiki Ken’ichi 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We provide observational evidence for the existence of large-scale cylindrical (or conic-like) current sheets (CCSs) at high heliolatitudes. Long-lived CCSs were detected by Ulysses during its passages over the South Solar Pole in 1994 and 2007. The characteristic scale of these tornado-like structures is several times less than a typical width of coronal holes within which the CCSs are observed. CCS crossings are characterized by a dramatic decrease in the solar wind speed and plasma beta typical for predicted profiles of CCSs. Ulysses crossed the same CCS at different heliolatitudes at 2–3 au several times in 1994, as the CCS was declined from the rotation axis and corotated with the Sun. In 2007, a CCS was detected directly over the South Pole, and its structure was strongly highlighted by the interaction with comet McNaught. Restorations of solar coronal magnetic field lines reveal the occurrence of conic-like magnetic separators over the solar poles in both 1994 and 2007. Such separators exist only during solar minima. Interplanetary scintillation data analysis confirms the presence of long-lived low-speed regions surrounded by the typical polar high-speed solar wind in solar minima. Energetic particle flux enhancements up to several MeV/nuc are observed at edges of the CCSs. We built simple MHD models of a CCS to illustrate its key features. The CCSs may be formed as a result of nonaxiality of the solar rotation axis and magnetic axis, as predicted by the Fisk–Parker hybrid heliospheric magnetic field model in the modification of Burger and coworkers.
Accretion of Saturn’s Inner Mid-sized Moons from a Massive Primordial Ice Ring
Authors: Salmon J. , Canup R. M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Saturn’s rings are rock-poor, containing 90%–95% ice by mass. As a group, Saturn’s moons interior to and including Tethys are also about 90% ice. Tethys itself contains

rock by mass, in contrast to its similar-mass outer neighbor Dione, which contains

rock. Here we simulate the evolution of a massive primordial ice-rich ring and the production of satellites as ring material spreads beyond the Roche limit. We describe the Roche-interior ring with an analytic model, and use an N-body code to describe material beyond the Roche limit. We track the accretion and interactions of spawned satellites, including tidal interaction with the planet, assuming a tidal dissipation factor for Saturn of

. We find that ring torques and capture of moons into mutual resonances produce a system of ice-rich inner moons that extends outward to approximately Tethys’s orbit in 109 years, even with relatively slow orbital expansion due to tides. The resulting mass and semimajor axis distribution of spawned moons resembles that of Mimas, Enceladus, and Tethys. We estimate the mass of rock delivered to the moons by external cometary impactors during a late heavy bombardment. We find that the inner moons receive a mass in rock comparable to their current total rock content, while Dione and Rhea receive an order-of-magnitude less rock than their current rock content. This suggests that external contamination may have been the primary source of rock in the inner moons, and that Dione and Rhea formed from much more rock-rich source material. Reproducing the distribution of rock among the current inner moons is challenging, and appears to require large impactors stochasticity and/or the presence of some rock in the initial ring.
X-Ray Reflection and an Exceptionally Long Thermonuclear Helium Burst from IGR J17062-6143
Authors: Keek L. , Iwakiri W. , Serino M. , Ballantyne D. R. , Zand J. J. M. in’t , Strohmayer T. E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Thermonuclear X-ray bursts from accreting neutron stars power brief but strong irradiation of their surroundings, providing a unique way to study accretion physics. We analyze MAXI/Gas Slit Camera and Swift/XRT spectra of a day-long flash observed from IGR J17062-6143 in 2015. It is a rare case of recurring bursts at a low accretion luminosity of 0.15% Eddington. Spectra from MAXI, Chandra, and NuSTAR observations taken between the 2015 burst and the previous one in 2012 are used to determine the accretion column. We find it to be consistent with the burst ignition column of 5 × 1010 g cm−2, which indicates that it is likely powered by burning in a deep helium layer. The burst flux is observed for over a day, and decays as a straight power law: F ∝ t
−1.15. The burst and persistent spectra are well described by thermal emission from the neutron star, Comptonization of this emission in a hot optically thin medium surrounding the star, and reflection off the photoionized accretion disk. At the burst peak, the Comptonized component disappears, when the burst may dissipate the Comptonizing gas, and it returns in the burst tail. The reflection signal suggests that the inner disk is truncated at ∼102 gravitational radii before the burst, but may move closer to the star during the burst. At the end of the burst, the flux drops below the burst cooling trend for 2 days, before returning to the pre-burst level.
A Spectroscopic Orbit for the Late-type Be Star β CMi
Authors: Dulaney Nicholas A. , Richardson Noel D. , Gerhartz Cody J. , Bjorkman J. E. , Bjorkman K. S. , Carciofi Alex C. , Klement Robert , Wang Luqian , Morrison Nancy D. , Bratcher Allison D. , Greco Jennifer J. , Hardegree-Ullman Kevin K. , Lembryk Ludwik , Oswald Wayne L. , Trucks Jesica L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The late-type Be star β CMi is remarkably stable compared to other Be stars that have been studied. This has led to a realistic model of the outflowing Be disk by Klement et al. These results showed that the disk is likely truncated at a finite radius from the star, which Klement et al. suggest is evidence for an unseen binary companion in orbit. Here we report on an analysis of the Ritter Observatory spectroscopic archive of β CMi to search for evidence of the elusive companion. We detect periodic Doppler shifts in the wings of the Hα line with a period of 170 days and an amplitude of 2.25 km s−1, consistent with a low-mass binary companion (M ≈ 0.42 M
⊙). We then compared small changes in the violet-to-red peak height changes (V/R) with the orbital motion. We find weak evidence that it does follow the orbital motion, as suggested by recent Be binary models by Panoglou et al. Our results, which are similar to those for several other Be stars, suggest that β CMi may be a product of binary evolution where Roche lobe overflow has spun up the current Be star, likely leaving a hot subdwarf or white dwarf in orbit around the star. Unfortunately, no direct sign of this companion star is found in the very limited archive of International Ultraviolet Explorer spectra.
Pulsator-like Spectra from Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources and the Search for More Ultraluminous Pulsars
Authors: Pintore F. , Zampieri L. , Stella L. , Wolter A. , Mereghetti S. , Israel G. L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are a population of extragalactic objects whose luminosity exceeds the Eddington limit for a 10 M
⊙ black hole (BH). Their properties have been widely interpreted in terms of accreting stellar-mass or intermediate-mass BHs. However at least three neutron stars (NSs) have been recently identified in ULXs through the discovery of periodic pulsations. Motivated by these findings we studied the spectral properties of a sample of bright ULXs using a simple continuum model which was extensively used to fit the X-ray spectra of accreting magnetic NSs in the Galaxy. We found that such a model, consisting of a power-law with a high-energy exponential cut-off, fits most of the ULX spectra analyzed here very well, at a level comparable to that of models involving an accreting BH. On these grounds alone we suggest that other non-pulsating ULXs may host NSs. We also found that above 2 keV the spectrum of known pulsating ULXs is harder than that of the majority of the other ULXs of the sample, with only IC 342 X-1 and Ho IX X-1 displaying spectra of comparable hardness. We thus suggest that these two ULXs may host an accreting NS and encourage searches for periodic pulsations in the flux.
Occultations of Astrophysical Radio Sources as Probes of Planetary Environments: A Case Study of Jupiter and Possible Applications to Exoplanets
Authors: Withers Paul , Vogt Marissa F. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Properties of planetary atmospheres, ionospheres, and magnetospheres are difficult to measure from Earth. Radio occultations are a common method for measuring these properties, but they traditionally rely on radio transmissions from a spacecraft near the planet. Here, we explore whether occultations of radio emissions from a distant astrophysical radio source can be used to measure magnetic field strength, plasma density, and neutral density around planets. In a theoretical case study of Jupiter, we find that significant changes in polarization angle due to Faraday rotation occur for radio signals that pass within 10 Jupiter radii of the planet and that significant changes in frequency and power occur from radio signals that pass through the neutral atmosphere. There are sufficient candidate radio sources, such as pulsars, active galactic nuclei, and masers, that occultations are likely to occur at least once per year. For pulsars, time delays in the arrival of their emitted pulses can be used to measure plasma density. Exoplanets, whose physical properties are very challenging to observe, may also occult distant astrophysical radio sources, such as their parent stars.
X-Ray Spectral Properties of Seven Heavily Obscured Seyfert 2 Galaxies
Authors: Marchesi S. , Ajello M. , Comastri A. , Cusumano G. , Parola V. La , Segreto A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present the combined Chandra and Swift-BAT spectral analysis of seven Seyfert 2 galaxies selected from the Swift-BAT 100 month catalog. We selected nearby (z ≤ 0.03) sources lacking a ROSAT counterpart that never previously been observed with Chandra in the 0.3–10 keV energy range, and targeted these objects with 10 ks Chandra ACIS-S observations. The X-ray spectral fitting over the 0.3–150 keV energy range allows us to determine that all the objects are significantly obscured, with N
H ≥ 1023 cm−2 at a >99% confidence level. Moreover, one to three sources are candidate Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei (CT-AGNs; i.e., N
H ≥ 1024 cm−2). We also test the recent spectral curvature method developed by Koss et al. to find candidate CT-AGNs, finding a good agreement between our results and their predictions. Because the selection criteria we adopted were effective in detecting highly obscured AGNs, further observations of these and other Seyfert 2 galaxies selected from the Swift-BAT 100 month catalog will allow us to create a statistically significant sample of highly obscured AGNs, therefore providing a better understanding of the physics of the obscuration processes.