bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circadian Rhythms and Sleep in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Dubowy Christine , Sehgal Amita 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The advantages of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, including low genetic redundancy, functional simplicity, and the ability to conduct large-scale genetic screens, have been essential for understanding the molecular nature of circadian (∼24 hr) rhythms, and continue to be valuable in discovering novel regulators of circadian rhythms and sleep. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of these interrelated biological processes in Drosophila and the wider implications of this research. Clock genes period and timeless were first discovered in large-scale Drosophila genetic screens developed in the 1970s. Feedback of period and timeless on their own transcription forms the core of the molecular clock, and accurately timed expression, localization, post-transcriptional modification, and function of these genes is thought to be critical for maintaining the circadian cycle. Regulators, including several phosphatases and kinases, act on different steps of this feedback loop to ensure strong and accurately timed rhythms. Approximately 150 neurons in the fly brain that contain the core components of the molecular clock act together to translate this intracellular cycling into rhythmic behavior. We discuss how different groups of clock neurons serve different functions in allowing clocks to entrain to environmental cues, driving behavioral outputs at different times of day, and allowing flexible behavioral responses in different environmental conditions. The neuropeptide PDF provides an important signal thought to synchronize clock neurons, although the details of how PDF accomplishes this function are still being explored. Secreted signals from clock neurons also influence rhythms in other tissues. SLEEP is, in part, regulated by the circadian clock, which ensures appropriate timing of sleep, but the amount and quality of sleep are also determined by other mechanisms that ensure a homeostatic balance between sleep and wake. Flies have been useful for identifying a large set of genes, molecules, and neuroanatomic loci important for regulating sleep amount. Conserved aspects of sleep regulation in flies and mammals include wake-promoting roles for catecholamine neurotransmitters and involvement of hypothalamus-like regions, although other neuroanatomic regions implicated in sleep in flies have less clear parallels. Sleep is also subject to regulation by factors such as food availability, stress, and social environment. We are beginning to understand how the identified molecules and neurons interact with each other, and with the environment, to regulate sleep. Drosophila researchers can also take advantage of increasing mechanistic understanding of other behaviors, such as learning and memory, courtship, and aggression, to understand how sleep loss impacts these behaviors. Flies thus remain a valuable tool for both discovery of novel molecules and deep mechanistic understanding of sleep and circadian rhythms.
Compreensão de leitura: habilidades cognitivas e tipos de texto
Authors: Coelho Carmen Lucia Gobel , Correa Jane 
Published: March 2017

Investigações acerca da compreensão de leitura vêm permitindo ampliar o conhecimento na área da leitura, demonstrando a contribuição de diversas habilidades metalinguísticas e cognitivas para seu desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, este estudo buscou examinar quais habilidades metalinguísticas e cognitivas, avaliadas no início do ano letivo do segundo ano do Ensino Fundamental, poderiam ser associadas ao desenvolvimento da compreensão de leitura ao final do ano escolar, assim como a possível variação entre essas habilidades conforme a tipologia textual empregada. Foi avaliada a compreensão de leitura, nos tipos textuais narrativo e expositivo, e as seguintes habilidades: nomeação automatizada rápida, consciência fonológica no nível fonêmico, memória de trabalho, a habilidade verbal, vocabulário, consciência morfológica, precisão de leitura e de monitoramento da compreensão. Os resultados encontrados revelaram que a consciência fonêmica, a nomeação seriada rápida para objetos e o monitoramento contribuíram para a compreensão de leitura nos dois tipos de texto.
Bullying and behavior problems reported by victims and teachers: brazilian findings
Authors: Alckmin-Carvaho Felipe , Rafihi-Ferreira Renatha El Rafihi-Ferreira El , Melo Marcia Helena Da Silva 
Published: March 2017

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de bullying em uma escola pública brasileira e comparar os problemas de comportamento relatados por vítimas ao informado por seus professores. A Escala de Violência Escolar foi utilizada para identificar os alunos vitimas de bullying. Para avaliar problemas comportamentais foram utilizados o Youth Self Report e o Teacher Report Form. Dos 154 adolescentes avaliados, 30 (19,4%) foram identificadas como alvos de bullying, (M idade=12,4 anos, DP=0,7), sendo 24 meninos (80%). Desses, 16 (53,3%) atingiram níveis clínicos de problemas internalizantes, 11(36,6%) de externalizantes e 13 (43,3%) de problemas totais. Esta sub-amostra relatou mais problemas de internalização (F=13,40, p<0,001) e menos problemas de externalização (F=6,63, p<0,01) em comparação ao reportado pelos professores. A alta frequência de vítimas de bullying e os elevados escores de problemas internalizantes e externalizantes nessa sub-amostra apontam para a urgência de prevenir o bullying e tratar as vítimas.
Programa Multissensorial/Fônico: efeitos em pré-escolares em risco de apresentarem dificuldades de alfabetização
Authors: Moreschi Mariana Dos santos Moretto , Barrera Sylvia Domingos 
Published: March 2017

Este estudo avalia os resultados de um programa multissensorial com ênfase fônica sobre o desempenho em consciência fonológica (CF), conhecimentode letras (CL) e habilidades iniciais de leitura e escrita em pré-escolares. Participaram do estudo 36 alunos de uma Pré-escola Municipal, com idade média de 5,5 anos. O delineamento consistiu em Pré-teste, Intervenção e Pós-testes 1 e 2. As crianças que, no Pré-teste, obtiveram resultados inferiores nas provas de CL e/ou CF foram consideradas em risco para apresentar dificuldades na alfabetização. Habilidades de leitura e escrita também foram mensuradas. Os participantes foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em Grupo Multissensorial (GM) e Grupo Controle (GC). O GM participou de três sessões de intervenção semanais, durante quatro meses, totalizando 48 sessões. O GC realizou atividades alternativas. Os resultados indicam efeitos significativos da intervenção para as crianças do grupo de risco, para todas as habilidades avaliadas, sugerindo a eficácia do programa para prevenir dificuldades na alfabetização.
Association study of the FTO gene polymorphisms with the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in a sample of Iranian population
Authors: Naderi Mohammad , Hashemi Mohammad , Dejkam Nahid , Bahari Gholamreza , Rezaei Maryam , Taheri Mohsen 
Published: March 2017

Aim:
The aim of the present study was to find out the impact of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene on risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in a sample of Iranian population.

Methods:
This case-control study was carried out on a total of 354 subjects including 185 PTB patients and 169 healthy subjects. Genotyping of FTO rs9939609 and rs8050136 variants was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

Results:

FTO rs9939609 variant showed no statistically significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies between PTB patients and controls. The rs8050136 polymorphism marginally increased the risk of PTB in dominant (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.00–2.33, p = 0.055, CA+AA vs. CC) inheritance model tested, where rs8050136 A allele significantly increased the risk of PTB (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.02–1.97, p = 0.045) compared with C allele.

Conclusion:
The finding of the present study showed an association between FTO rs9939609 variant and risk of PTB. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnicities are necessary to confirm the findings.
UPAYA KEPALA SEKOLAH SEBAGAI INOVATOR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJANYA DI SD TARBIYATUL ATHFAL
Authors: Zahroh Lailatu 
Published: March 2017

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab beberapa permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan upaya kepala sekolah sebagai inovator dalam meningkatkan kinerjanya, yaitu: (1) Bagaimana upaya kepala sekolah sebagai inovator dalam meningkatkan kinerjanya di SD Tarbiyatul Athfal Surabaya?, (2) Apa faktor pendukung upaya kepala sekolah sebagai inovator meningkatkan kinerjanya di SD Tarbiyatul Athfal Surabaya?, (3) Apa faktor penghambat upaya kepala sekolah sebagai inovator meningkatkan kinerjanya di SD Tarbiyatul Athfal Surabaya? Permasalahan diatas dijawab melalui kajian penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode pengumpulan data: obeservasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1. Upaya kepala sekolah sebagai inovator dalam meningkatkan kinerjanya di Sekolah Dasar Tarbiyatul Athfal Surabaya, yaitu: a. Mengikutsertakan para pendidik dalam penataran-penataran, b. Memberikan kesempatan kepada pendidik untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilannya dengan belajar ke jenjang pendidikan yang lebih tinggi, c. Berusaha menggerakkan tim evaluasi hasil belajar, d. Menggunakan waktu belajar secara efektif di sekolah, e. Membimbing dan mengembangkan pendidik, f. Membimbing tenaga kependidikan, g. Membimbing peserta didik, h. Mengikuti perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, tehnologi dan seni, dan i. Memberi contoh model pembelajaran dan bimbingan konseling yang baik; 2. Faktor pendukung upaya kepala sekolah sebagai inovator dalam meningkatkan kinerjanya di Sekolah Dasar Tarbiyatul Athfal Surabaya, yaitu: a. Kepala sekolah yang profesional, b. Motivasi pendidik tinggi, c. Motivasi belajar peserta didik tinggi; 3. Faktor penghambat upaya kepala sekolah sebagai inovator dalam meningkatkan kinerjanya di Sekolah Dasar Tarbiyatul Athfal Surabaya, yaitu: a. Sarana prasarana kurang memadai, b. Metode mengajar yang kurang variatif, c. Lingkungan kelas untuk pembelajaran model PAKEM belum maksimal.</p>
TEKNOLOGI KLONING DALAM PERSPEKTIF PAI MATERI FIQH
Authors: Dwijo Al-Quddus Nofiandri Eko Sucipto 
Published: March 2017

<p>Tulisan ini berusaha memotret teknologi kloning dalam perspektif PAI materi Fiqh. Ketika ditinjau dari sisi <em>hifzh al-din</em> (memelihara agama), kloning manusia tidak membawa dampak negatif terhadap keberadaan agama. Ditinjau dari sisi <em>hifzh al-nafs</em> (memelihara jiwa), kloning tidak menghilangkan jiwa bahkan justru melahirkan jiwa yang baru. Dilihat dari sisi <em>hifzh al-‘aql</em> (memelihara akal), kloning juga tidak mengancam eksistensi akal, bahkan keberhasilan Kloning yang sempurna dapat membuat manusia mempunyai akal cerdas. Jika dilihat dari sisi <em>hifzh al-nasl</em> (memelihara keturunan), kloning manusia dipertanyakan. Dalam pandangan Islam, masalah keturunan merupakan sesuatu yang sangat essensial, karena keturunan mempunyai hubungan erat dengan hukum yang lain seperti pernikahan, warisan, muhrim, dan sebagainya. Apabila ditinjau dari sisi <em>hifzh al-mal</em> (memelihara harta), akan terkait dengan <em>mashlahat</em> dan <em>mafsadat</em> yang diperoleh dari usaha pengkloningan. Andaikata Kloning terhadap manusia hanya akan menghambur-hamburkan harta, tanpa adanya keseimbangan dengan manfaat yang diperoleh, maka kloning menjadi terlarang. Dengan penerapan kloning, kemapanan dan keluhuran cita-cita sebuah perkawinan dalam Islam akan terusik. Boleh jadi, di masa yang akan datang manusia tidak membutuhkan perkawinan untuk mendapatkan keturunan. Seks hanya diperlukan untuk melampiaskan hawa nafsu birahi terhadap lawan jenis tanpa mempertimbangkan akibat dan tanggung jawab dari hubungan seksualitas tersebut. Dengan demikian, kemafsadatan yang ditimbulkan akibat kloning manusia lebih besar daripada kemanfataannya. Oleh karena itu, kloning manusia diharamkan dalam ajaran Islam.</p>
PENDIDIKAN ANAK DALAM KELUARGA PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Taubah Mufatihatut 
Published: March 2017

<p><strong>Bahasa Indonesia:</strong></p><p>Pendidikan anak yang pertama dan paling utama dalam Islam adalah pendidikan dalam keluarga yang berperspektif Islam. Pendidikan dalam keluarga yang berperspektif Islam adalah pendidikan yang didasarkan pada tuntunan agama Islam yang diterapkan dalam keluarga yang dimaksudkan untuk membentuk anak agar menjadi manusia yang beriman dan bertaqwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, serta berakhlak mulia yang mencakup etika, moral, budi pekerti, spiritual atau pemahaman dan pengalaman nilai-nilai keagamaan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Hal ini merupakan salah satu wujud amar makruf nahi munkar dalam kehidupan keluarga, yaitu dengan memberikan pendidikan kepada putra putrinya berdasarkan ajaran Islam. Anak dalam menuju kedewasaannya memerlukan bermacam-macam proses yang diperankan oleh bapak dan ibu dalam lingkungan keluarga. Pola atau metode pendidikan agama dalam Islam pada dasarnya mencontoh pada perilaku Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam membina keluarga dan sahabatnya. Karena segala apa yang dilakukan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW merupakan manifestasi dari kandungan al-Qur’an. Adapun dalam pelaksanaannya, Nabi memberikan kesempatan pada para pengikutnya untuk mengembangkan cara sendiri selama cara tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip pelaksanaan pendidikan yang dilakukan oleh Nabi SAW.</p><p> </p><p><strong>English:</strong></p><p>The first and the prime education for children in Islam is the Islamic family education. This family education is based upon Islamic guidance in purpose of building children’s faith, piety, highest endeavor –including ethics, morality, and spirituality, and the practice of religious values in daily life. This effort is a kind of amar makruf nahi munkar in family scope. Children needs family model for their future mental and spiritual development. The model and methods of Islamic education in the family scopes are adopted pretty much from the way of our prophet Muhammad taught his family and his companions. Muslim believes that whatever done by the prophet is the manifestation of Quranic essence. In the implementation level, the prophet let his companions and his follower to develop the teaching as long as the development itself in line with educational principles by the prophet.</p>
A clinical audit and confidential enquiry of caesarean section indications at rural tertiary health care centre
Authors: Thool Ketki N. , Jain Shuchi M. , Shivkumar Poonam V. , Jain Manish A. , Podder Manjiri R. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Worldwide CSR has been steadily increasing beyond recommended level of 15 %by WHO. High CSR have been reported in developed and developing countries. Reasons for increase in CSR are not obvious and somewhat complex. Thus, present study was undertaken to analyze various indications for CS performed at rural tertiary health care centre Sewagram, M.S.Methods: This was prospective study included all women who underwent CS from 1st January 2015 till 30th June 2016. Data was entered in MS excel sheet analyzed with percentage and chi square test using SPSS ver.17.Results: CSR was 36 .88% in present study. As per NICE guidelines CS were classified in four categories based on urgency, women were distributed in each category. Category I had 22.62%, category II -38.61%, category III - 28.37% and Category IV - 10.40% women. In CAT I common indication was foetal bradycardia (71.53%). In CAT II CS, common indication was non reassuring foetal status (38.82%). Breech presentation (14.74%) and previous scar with doubtfull scar integrity (14.33) were next common indications. In CAT III (43.43%), IV (41.13%) previous LSCS with inadequate pelvis was the common indication. Confidential enquiry revealed that 26.17% (28/107), 20.3% (40/197), 23.17%, (35/151) and 8.3 % (5/60) of CAT I, II, III and IV CS had questionable indications.Conclusions: In this study, CSR was higher than WHO standard. Common indications in primipara was foetal distress while in multiparas primary indication previous LSCS
Unilateral minimal ovarian cancer with peritoneal implant and an intraepithelial carcinoma in the contralateral fallopian tube
Authors: Terada Hiroyuki , Honda Ken-ichi , Nakagawa Tomoko , Takase Aki , Kurihara Yasushi , Ando Tetsuji , Tendo Masashige , Hori Takeshi , Miyamoto Keiko , Inaba Mayumi , Ohsaw Masahiko 
Published: March 2017

Here we present postoperative pathology of an 82-year-old woman who presented with massive ascites, and an implant-like adenocarcinoma on her intrapelvic peritoneum, which revealed a minimal (<5mm) serous adenocarcinoma on her left ovary and an intraepithelial carcinoma on inner surface of her right Fallopian tube. The left ovarian serous adenocarcinoma may have originated as an intraepithelial carcinoma on contralateral Fallopian tube.
Polityka względem odnawialnych źródeł energii w Polsce i Japonii - analiza porównawcza
Authors: Kowalska Anna 
Published: March 2017

W dobie globalizacji i coraz większej świadomości konsumentów dotyczącej troski o środowisko naturalne ważnym czynnikiem jest wdrażanie proekologicznych i zrównoważonych instalacji w celu ograniczenia negatywnego wpływu działalność ludzkiej na środowisko. Punktem zwrotnym troski o „czystą planetę” jest wykorzystywanie odnawialnych źródeł energii i zwiększenie ich udziału w całkowitym zużyciu energii elektrycznej. Celem artykułu jest analiza porównawcza uwarunkowań rozwoju energetyki odnawialnej w Polsce i Japonii. Pomimo deklarowanego zainteresowania energią odnawialną, w obu krajach praktyczne jej wykorzystanie pozostaje poniżej możliwości.
Evolução setorial do emprego nas regiões chilenas no período de 2007-2009
Authors: Cardozo Daniela Peres , Oliveira Gilson Batista de 
Published: March 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a variação setorial e regional do emprego chileno entre os anos de 2007 e 2009. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia shift-share (estrutural-diferencial), uma ferramenta de dados estatísticos que possibilita identificar os distintos fatores relacionado à variação do emprego, variação essa atribuída a aspectos estruturais e diferenciais. Setorialmente, os resultados apresentados indicam que os setores exportadores foram os que tiveram os piores desempenhos, sendo o componente estrutural explicativo para o fato. Em relação às regiões, Tarapacá, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Maule, Araucanía, Aysen, Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena e a Região Metropolitana apresentaram as maiores taxa de crescimento na criação de emprego, enquanto as demais ficaram abaixo da média nacional. Desse modo, o presente trabalho ressalta a importância da aplicação e leitura da análise regional para avaliar, bem como para estabelecer uma agenda de políticas regionais e nacional após diagnosticar suas deficiências setoriais.
RECCURENT LARYNGEAL PAPILLOMA
Authors: Purnami Nyilo , Fathoni Rizka 
Published: March 2017

A case of respiratory papillomatosis was reported. The patient suffered from the disease since eight months old with chief complaint progressive hoarseness and dyspnea. It was diagnosed with respiratory papillomatosis and scheduled for performing tracheotomy and continued with the first microlaryngeal surgery (MLS). Decanulation was taken after 2nd surgery of removing papillomas. Finally was reported she got serial of surgery for 22 times during 18 years of age. It was costly and deteriorating quality of life. The problem remains persisted because of frequent recurrences and need for repetitive surgeries. Specimen biopsy for histologic examination was shown the signs of HPV infection, papilomatic coated squamous epithel with mild dysplasia and coilocytosis. The threatening of upper airway obstruction is the main important reason for patient's coming. The patency of airway assessed by Direct Laryngoscopy then the next treatment was decided with schedule of Micro Laryngeal Surgery (MLS). Finally the MLS treatment is just only for temporarilyrecovery. A further research to define the proper treatment in the future is required, especially for prevention of the diseases related to the viral causes of infection.
THE PRELIMINARY STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FROM XYLO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE OF CORNCOB (ZEA MAYS) HYDROLYSIS PRODUCT WITH ENDO-β-XYLANASE ENZYME
Authors: Yamani Laura Navika , Kristanti Alfinda Novi , Puspaningsih Ni Nyoman 
Published: March 2017

Xylo-oligosaccharide derived from corncob hemicellulose has been reported to possess antioxidant activity. In order to assess the effective scavenging of xylo-oligosaccharide, we conducted in vitro studies based on self-made xylo-oligosaccharide with DPPH (2,2diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil) method. Xylo-oligosaccharide was prepared with enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzyme used for hemicellulose hydrolysis was endo-β-xylanase enzyme from PC-01 isolated bactrerium. PC-01 isolated bacterium used in this study was Pacet hot spring which was isolated from East Java. Endo-β-xylanase enzyme is an extracelluler enzyme. There was about 0.199 U/mL after purification and dialysis process. Hydrolisis product of hemicellulose A and B from corncob were analyzed with TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) and HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). This analysis showed that hydrolysis product of hemicellulose B had a lot of xylo-oligosaccharide hydrolysis product of hemicellulose than Xylo-oligosaccharide hydrolysis product of hemicelluloses A. Xylo-olygosaccharide was analyzed as on antioxidant activity. Xylo-oligosaccharide hydrolysis product ofhemicellulose B (IC = 48.96) has higher antioxidant activity than Xylo-oligosaccharide hydrolysis product of hemicellulose A (IC 50 50 = 92.302). The toxicity of xylo-oligosaccharide can be calculated by the value of LC 50 (Lethality concentration). LC of xylooligosaccharide derived from corncob hemicellulose was 400 ppm so that xylo-oligosaccharide has anti tumor activity because xylooligosaccharide has LC 50 < 1000 ppm.
PROBLEM OF ANTIBIOTIC USE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN INDONESIA: ARE WE REALLY MAKING PROGRESS?
Authors: Hadi Usman , Kuntaman Kuntaman , Qiptiyah Mariyatul , Paraton Hari 
Published: March 2017

Background: Based on the results Antimicrobial Resistance in Indonesia: prevalence and prevention-study (AMRIN-study), the Ministry of Health of Indonesia in 2005 began a program antibiotic resistance control (PPRA) in some government hospitals, and is currently developing to all government teaching hospitals in Indonesia. Aim: The core activities of the PPRA are to implement standardized surveillance emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, and the surveillance of antibiotic use in terms of quantity and quality. Method: Our research in the years 2003 showed the proportion of antibiotic use 84% of patients in a hospital. The use of inappropriate antibiotics was very high, 42% no indication. Result: In 2012 the results of surveillance showed decline of inappropriate use of antibiotic, but prevalence extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K.pneumoniae (58%), and E.coli (52%) andmethicillin-resistant S.aures (MRSA) (24%) were increasing. Conclusion: It was needed to implement the most appropriate programs to prevent the growth and development of bacteria resistant to antibiotics.