bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomy, professionalism, and the role of generation in professional capital
Authors: Stone-Johnson Corrie 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe how teachers’ generational interpretative frameworks influence their career experiences and to demonstrate how these generational differences impact the power of professional capital to improve teaching and learning.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilizes data from a multi-year, mixed methods study of mid-career teachers in Massachusetts. Data in this paper come from semi-structured interviews with 12 Generation X teachers (born 1961-1980).FindingsGeneration X teachers have a unique self-image, self-esteem, task perception, job motivation, and future perspective that form their generational interpretative framework. This framework is different from that of the prior generation.Originality/valueThese generational differences have implications for how Generation X teachers view professionalism and autonomy and how they see their careers over time. Drawing upon Hargreaves and Fullan’s (2012) suggestions for school leaders, three implications are highlighted. First, a model of professional capital that incorporates teachers’ generational differences must be aware of how teachers view their work before engaging in changing it. This implication ties directly into the second, which is that leaders must know their teachers and understand the culture in which they work. Together, these two implications suggest that implementing a model of professional capital is not enough; it must begin with deliberate thought as to who the teachers are who are being asked to change. Finally, to secure leadership stability and sustainability, leaders must respect generational differences that influence teachers’ desires to move, or not move, into formal leadership roles.
Bacterial resistance in sanitary sewage sludge in different treatment systems
Authors: Lopes Thiara Reis , Periotto Fernando , Pletsch Adelmo Lowe 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the occurrence and risk of dispersion in the environment of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms from sanitary sewage sludge produced in two conventional wastewater treatment systems adopted in the West of the State of Paraná, Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach
The sludge samples were collected for three months from two wastewater treatment plants, totaling six sample points, and sent to the laboratory where the physical-chemical and biological determinations were performed.

Findings
This work made possible to find that the sludge produced in the sewage treatment plants presents potential risks related to the spread of microorganisms due to the occurrence of resistant isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. It was also possible to detect that the largest concentrations of metal ions in the sludge favored the occurrence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The occurrence of pathogens, heavy metals and other emerging pollutants in sewage indicates that the sludge requires proper treatment, to provide safe agricultural reuse or disposal.

Practical implications
The techniques applied for monitoring sludge were effective to check the risk of resistant microorganisms input into the environment. Studies concerning sewage treatment plants’ final effluents can bring additional data about the incorporation of such microorganisms into aquatic environments.

Originality/value
The results made possible to observe the need to provide post-treatment for the sludge, especially of the sludge obtained from the anaerobic fluidized bed reactor, since the removal of pathogens, as well as the nutrients, is not satisfactory.
Aspire to build an ethical and sustainable organization? Renew thyself!
Authors: Sinha Sabyasachi 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the concept of building sustainable organizations through focusing on continuous self-transcendence towards positive leadership traits, and how this effects the strategic leadership capabilities.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents the insights drawn from an in-depth hermeneutic-interpretive study of an ancient philosophical text.

Findings
Leaders at apex should lead organizations focusing on self-development. It is seen that several aspects of one’s choices and conduct in personal and professional life influence his/her self-development process. One who is able to follow the conduct discussed builds superior strategic capabilities leading to creation of more caring-compassionate-ethical-and-value-driven organizations.

Practical implications
Practicing managers aspiring to build ethical organizations should concentrate on self-development through self-transcendence as an important tool to influence the organizational level positive outcomes rather than only controlling others to effect such outcomes.

Originality/value
This papers integrates the contemporary thoughts on strategic leadership, ethical leadership and authentic leadership with ancient wisdom of influencing positive institutional outcomes through top leaders focusing on continuous self-transcendence – rather than focusing on others and coercing others to comply.
Oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis in a microbial mat from an anoxic and sulfidic spring
Authors: de Beer Dirk , Weber Miriam , Chennu Arjun , Hamilton Trinity , Lott Christian , Macalady Jennifer , M. Klatt Judith 
Published: December 2016

SummaryOxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis were studied with microsensors in microbial mats found at 9‐10 m depth in anoxic and sulfidic water in Little Salt Spring (Florida, USA). The lake sediments were covered with a 1‐2 mm thick red mat dominated by filamentous Cyanobacteria, below which Green Sulfur Bacteria (GSB, Chlorobiaceae) were highly abundant. Within 4 mm inside the mats, the incident radiation was attenuated to undetectable levels. In situ microsensor data showed both oxygenic photosynthesis in the red surface layer and light‐induced sulfide dynamics up to 1 cm depth. Anoxygenic photosynthesis occurred during all daylight hours, with complete sulfide depletion around midday. Oxygenic photosynthesis was limited to 4 h per day, due to sulfide inhibition in the early morning and late afternoon. Laboratory measurements on retrieved samples showed that oxygenic photosynthesis was fully but reversibly inhibited by sulfide. In patches Fe(III) alleviated the inhibition of oxygenic photosynthesis by sulfide. GSB were resistant to oxygen and showed a low affinity to sulfide. Their light response showed saturation at very low intensities.
Assessments carried out by a child abuse and neglect team in an Amsterdam teaching hospital led to interventions in most of the reported cases
Authors: Teeuw Arianne H. , Sieswerda‐Hoogendoorn Tessa , Aaftink Daniel , Burgers Ilsa A. V. , Vrolijk‐Bosschaart Thekla F. , Brilleslijper‐Kater Sonja N. , Heymans Hugo S. A. , van Rijn Rick R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThis study described cases of child abuse and neglect (CAN) that were reported to the multiagency CAN team at the Emma Children's Hospital in Amsterdam and the resulting interventions.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective review of all cases that were reported to the CAN team from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012.ResultsThere were 27 prenatal cases, 92 referrals based on parental characteristics and 523 children. Overall, 1.2% of the children visiting the emergency department of our hospital, attending the outpatients department or being admitted were reported to the team. More than half of the referrals (55.1%) were confirmed as CAN. The most common diagnoses were as follows: witnessing intimate partner violence, physical neglect and emotional abuse. If CAN was confirmed an intervention was offered in 98.3% of cases. If a CAN diagnosis was undetermined or rejected, the figures were still 83.5% and 64.2%, respectively.ConclusionOur results showed that CAN affected more than one in every 100 children visiting our hospital, and the expertise of our hospital‐based CAN Team led to an intervention in the majority of the reported cases. The broad scope of problems that were encountered underlined the importance of a multidisciplinary CAN team.
Systematic review of childhood and adolescent risk and prognostic factors for persistent abdominal pain
Authors: Huguet A , Olthuis J , McGrath PJ , Tougas ME , Hayden JA , Stinson JN , Chambers CT 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis review aimed to identify childhood and adolescence risk and prognostic factors associated with onset and persistence of persistent abdominal pain and related disability and assess quality of the evidence. While findings suggest a possible role for negative emotional symptoms and parental mental health as risk and prognostic factors for onset and persistence of persistent abdominal pain, the evidence is of poor quality overall and nonexistent when it comes to prognostic factors associated with disability.ConclusionFurther research is needed to increase confidence in existing evidence and to explore new factors. This research will inform prevention.
Lack of respiratory depression in paracetamol‐codeine combination overdoses
Authors: Heppell Simon P. E. , Isbister Geoffrey K. 
Published: December 2016

AimsCodeine containing analgesics are commonly taken in overdose, but the frequency of respiratory depression is unknown. We investigated whether paracetamol‐codeine combination overdoses caused respiratory depression more than paracetamol alone.MethodsWe reviewed deliberate self‐poisoning admissions with paracetamol (>2 g) and paracetamol‐codeine combinations presenting to a tertiary toxicology unit (1987–2013). Demographic information, clinical effects, treatment (naloxone, length of stay [LOS], mechanical ventilation) were extracted from a prospective database. Primary outcome was naloxone requirement or ventilation for respiratory depression.ResultsFrom 4488 presentations, 1376 admissions were included with paracetamol alone (929), paracetamol‐codeine combinations (346) or paracetamol‐codeine‐doxylamine combinations (101) without co‐ingestants. Median age was 23 years (12–89 years); 1002 (73%) were female. Median dose was 12 g (interquartile range [IQR]: 7.5–20 g). Median LOS was 16 h (IQR: 6.5–27 h) and 564 (41%) were given acetylcysteine. Significantly larger paracetamol doses were ingested and more acetylcysteine given in paracetamol alone versus paracetamol combination overdoses. Seven out of 1376 patients were intubated or received naloxone (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.2–1.1%), three intubated, three given naloxone and one both. Three out of 929 patients ingesting paracetamol alone (0.3%; 95% CI: 0.1–1%) required intubation or naloxone, compared to two out of 346 ingesting paracetamol‐codeine combinations (0.6%; 95% CI: 0.1–2.3%; absolute difference, 0.26%; 95% CI: −0.7–1.2%; P = 0.62). Two out of 101 patients ingesting paracetamol‐codeine‐doxylamine combinations (2%; 95% CI: 0.3–8%) required intubation or naloxone. Four patients were intubated for reasons other than respiratory depression: hepatotoxicity (2), retrieval (1), no data (1). Two out of 929 (0.2%) paracetamol alone overdoses had a Glasgow coma score < 9 compared to three out of 346 (0.9%) in the paracetamol‐codeine group.ConclusionsParacetamol‐codeine combination overdoses are rarely associated with severe respiratory depression, with only two given naloxone and none intubated for respiratory depression.
The Mitochondrial Replacement ‘Therapy’ Myth
Authors: Rulli Tina 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article argues that two forms of mitochondrial replacement therapy, maternal spindle transfer (MST) and pro‐nuclear transfer (PNT), are not therapies at all because they do not treat children who are coming into existence. Rather, these technologies merely create healthy children where none was inevitable. Even if creating healthy lives has some value, it is not to be confused with the medical value of a cure or therapy. The article addresses a recent Bioethics article, ‘Mitochondrial Replacement: Ethics and Identity,’ by Wrigley, Wilkinson, and Appleby, who argue that PNT is morally favorable to MST due to the Non‐Identity Problem. Wrigley et al. claim that PNT, since it occurs post‐conception, preserves the identity of the resulting child, whereas MST, since it occurs pre‐conception, is an identity‐altering technique. As such, a child born with mitochondrial disease could complain that her parents failed to use PNT, but not MST. The present article argues that the authors are mistaken: both MST and PNT are identity‐affecting techniques. But this is of little matter, for we should be cautious in drawing any moral conclusions from the application of the Non‐Identity Problem to cases. The article then argues that the authors are mistaken in inferring that PNT is a type of embryonic cure or therapy for children with mitochondrial disease. The article cautions against the mistaken life‐saving rhetoric that is common in bioethics discussions of MRTs.
Bile acids: a potential role in the pathogenesis of pharyngeal malignancy
Authors: Shellman Z. , Aldhahrani A. , Verdon B. , Mather M. , Paleri V. , Wilson J. , Pearson J. , Ward C. , Powell J. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveGastro‐oesophageal reflux disease is thought to be a risk factor for head and neck malignancies. Bile acids are one of the principle components of gastric refluxate and have previously been implicated in the development of oesophageal and bowel malignancies. There is clear evidence that bile acids reflux into the laryngopharynx. Despite this, the carcinogenic properties of bile acids in this area are yet to be fully identified. We therefore investigated the potential role of bile acids in pharyngeal malignancy, through the highly conserved process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT occurs in invasion and metastasis and is a central process in the development of epithelial carcinoma.DesignTranslational research study.MethodsHuman hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma FaDu cells were challenged with primary (cholic or chenodeoxycholic) and secondary (deoxycholic or lithocholic) bile acids. EMT‐relevant proteins TGF‐β1 and MMP‐9 were measured in the cell culture supernates at 48 h via ELISA. Cell viability was confirmed >95% via CellTiter‐Blue assay.ResultsSignificantly greater concentrations of TGF‐β1 were measured in the culture supernates of cells treated with cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. MMP‐9 levels were increased in deoxycholic acid and lithocolic acid stimulations when compared to control (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis is the first demonstration that bile acids induce TGF‐β1 and MMP‐9 in pharyngeal cells. TGF‐β1 is considered a master switch for EMT, while MMP‐9 is a part of the EMT proteome which degrades basement membranes. This implies a potential role for bile acids in pharyngeal carcinogenesis through the mechanism of EMT and suggests potential novel therapeutic targets.
Circumstances surrounding non‐fatal opioid overdoses attended by ambulance services
Authors: Madah‐Amiri Desiree , Clausen Thomas , Myrmel Lars , Brattebø Guttorm , Lobmaier Philipp 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsOpioid overdose fatalities are a significant concern globally. Non‐fatal overdoses have been described as a strong predictor for future overdoses, and are often attended by the ambulance services. This paper explores characteristics associated with non‐fatal overdoses and aims to identify possible trends among these events in an urban area in Norway.Design and MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of non‐fatal overdoses from Bergen ambulance services from 2012 to 2013. Demographic, temporal and geographic data were explored.ResultsDuring the two years, 463 non‐fatal opioid overdoses were attended by ambulance services. Ambulance call‐outs occurred primarily during the late afternoon and evening hours of weekdays. Summer months had more overdoses than other seasons, with a peak in August. Overdoses were nearly twice as likely to occur in a public location in August (risk ratio 1.92, P = 0.042). Ambulance response times were more likely to be longer to private locations, and these victims were more likely to be treated and left at the scene. There was no difference in arrival time for drug‐related and non‐drug related dispatch.Discussion and ConclusionsThe temporal patterns suggest that non‐fatal overdoses occur during non‐recreational time periods. The longer ambulance response time and disposition for private addresses indicate potential opportunities for peer interventions. Our analysis describes circumstances surrounding non‐fatal overdoses and can be useful in guiding relevant, targeted prevention interventions. [Madah‐Amiri D, Clausen T, Myrmel L, Brattebø G, Lobmaier P. Circumstances surrounding non‐fatal opioid overdoses attended by ambulance services. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:288‐294]
WONOEP appraisal: Biomarkers of epilepsy‐associated comorbidities
Authors: Ravizza Teresa , Onat Filiz Y. , Brooks‐Kayal Amy R. , Depaulis Antoine , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Mazarati Andrey , Numis Adam L. , Sankar Raman , Friedman Alon 
Published: December 2016

SummaryNeurologic and psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with epilepsy. Diagnostic, predictive, and pharmacodynamic biomarkers of such comorbidities do not exist. They may share pathogenetic mechanisms with epileptogenesis/ictogenesis, and as such are an unmet clinical need. The objectives of the subgroup on biomarkers of comorbidities at the XIII Workshop on the Neurobiology of Epilepsy (WONOEP) were to present the state‐of‐the‐art recent research findings in the field that highlighting potential biomarkers for comorbidities in epilepsy. We review recent progress in the field, including molecular, imaging, and genetic biomarkers of comorbidities as discussed during the WONOEP meeting on August 31–September 4, 2015, in Heybeliada Island (Istanbul, Turkey). We further highlight new directions and concepts from studies on comorbidities and potential new biomarkers for the prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy‐associated comorbidities. The activation of various molecular signaling pathways such as the “Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription,” “mammalian Target of Rapamycin,” and oxidative stress have been shown to correlate with the presence and severity of subsequent cognitive abnormalities. Furthermore, dysfunction in serotonergic transmission, hyperactivity of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical axis, the role of the inflammatory cytokines, and the contributions of genetic factors have all recently been regarded as relevant for understanding epilepsy‐associated depression and cognitive deficits. Recent evidence supports the utility of imaging studies as potential biomarkers. The role of such biomarker may be far beyond the diagnosis of comorbidities, as accumulating clinical data indicate that comorbidities can predict epilepsy outcomes. Future research is required to reveal whether molecular changes in specific signaling pathways or advanced imaging techniques could be detected in the clinical settings and correlate with epilepsy‐associated comorbidities. A reliable biomarker will allow a more accurate diagnosis and improved treatment of epilepsy‐associated comorbidities.
Genotypic tropism testing of proviral DNA to guide maraviroc initiation in aviraemic subjects: 48‐week analysis of results from the PROTEST study
Authors: Poveda E , Hernández‐Quero J , Pérez‐Elías MJ , Ribas MA , Martínez‐Madrid OJ , Flores J , Navarro J , Gutiérrez F , García‐Deltoro M , Imaz A , Ocampo A , Artero A , Blanco F , Bernal E , Pasquau J , Mínguez‐Gallego C , Pérez N , Aiestaran A , García F , Paredes R ,   the PROTEST study group
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesMaraviroc (MVC) is a suitable drug for aviraemic subjects on antiretroviral treatment (ART) developing toxicity. Its prescription requires prior tropism testing. It is unknown if proviral DNA genotypic tropism testing is reliable for guiding MVC initiation in aviraemic subjects, so this study was carried out to address this issue.MethodsPROTEST was a phase 4, prospective, single‐arm clinical trial carried out in 24 HIV care centres in Spain. MVC‐naïve HIV‐1‐infected patients with HIV‐1 RNA < 50 copies/mL on stable ART during the previous 6 months who required an ART change because of toxicity and who had R5 HIV, as determined by proviral DNA genotypic tropism testing, initiated MVC with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and were followed for 48 weeks. Virological failure was defined as two consecutive viral load measurements > 50 copies/mL.ResultsTropism results were available for 141 of 175 (80.6%) subjects screened: 60% had R5 and 85% of these (n = 74) were finally included in the study. Previous ART included protease inhibitors (PIs) in 62% of subjects, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in 36%, and integrase inhibitors (INIs) in 2%. Main reasons for treatment change were dyslipidaemia (42%), gastrointestinal symptoms (22%) and liver toxicity (15%). MVC was given alongside tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) (54%) and abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine (3TC) (40%) in most patients. Eighty‐four per cent of patients maintained a viral load < 50 copies/mL to week 48, whereas 16% discontinued treatment: two withdrew informed consent, one had an R5 to X4 shift between screening and baseline, one was lost to follow‐up, one developed an adverse event (rash), two died from non‐study‐related causes, and five developed protocol‐defined virological failure.ConclusionsInitiation of MVC plus two NRTIs in aviraemic subjects based on genotypic tropism testing of proviral HIV‐1 DNA is associated with low rates of virological failure for up to 1 year.
Microwave dielectric properties of low temperature fired Ba5Nb4O15 ‐ BaWO4 ceramics supplemented with their own nanoparticles for LTCC applications
Authors: Anil Kumar Chikkala , Pamu Dobbidi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPolycrystalline Ba5Nb4O15 (BNO) ‐ BaWO4 (BWO) composite ceramics are prepared by adding their own nanoparticles as a sintering aid. The prepared samples exhibited the maximum relative density of 98.2% at 900°C. The complex dielectric response of these composite ceramics are analysed by Havriliak ‐ Negami (HN) equation. The BNO ‐ BWO composite added with x=3 wt% of their nanoparticles, fired at 900oC displayed the best microwave dielectric properties; εr=39 and Q×f0=59.8 THz at 9.44 GHz. The obtained results of BNO ‐ BWO composite makes this material as a potential candidate for LTCC applications.
Synthesis, characterization, and magneto‐electric properties of (1−x)BCZT‐xCFO ceramic particulate composites
Authors: Paul Praveen John , Reddy Monaji Vinitha , Kolte Jayant , Dinesh Kumar Sakthivel , Subramanian Venkatachalam , Das Dibakar 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSynthesis of a new magnetoelectric [(1−x)(Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3‐xCoFe2O4] (weight fraction x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 1) ceramic particulate composites with its structural characterization and magneto‐electric properties have been reported here in this study. Lead free piezoelectric (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 (BCZT) and ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 (CFO) were synthesized using sol‐gel and combustion methods respectively. (1−x)BCZT‐xCFO magnetoelectric composites were then synthesized by mixing of the calcined individual ferroic phases with required weight fractions. Powder X‐ray diffraction studies indicate the coexistence of BCZT and CFO phases in the composites sintered at 1300°C. 0.5BCZT‐0.5CFO composite showed high strain sensitivity (dλ/dH) of 52×10−9 Oe−1, which is comparable to that of pure CFO (50×10−9 Oe−1). A high piezoelectric voltage constant (g33) of 8×10−3 V m/N was measured for 0.8BCZT‐0.2CFO sample. All the composites showed magnetoelectric effect and a high magnetoelectric coupling coefficient (αME) of 6.85 mV/cm Oe was measured for 0.5BCZT‐0.5CFO composite at 1 kHz and a large ME coefficient of 115 mV/cm Oe at its resonance frequency. The effect of microstructure on the magnetoelectric properties of [(1−x)BCZT‐(x)CFO] composites has been studied and reported here as a function of its piezoelectric (BCZT)/ferrite (CoFe2O4) content.