bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nickeliferous pyrite tracks pervasive hydrothermal alteration in Martian regolith breccia: A study in NWA 7533
Authors: Lorand Jean‐Pierre , Hewins Roger H. , Remusat Laurent , Zanda Brigitte , Pont Sylvain , Leroux Hugues , Marinova Maya , Jacob Damien , Humayun Munir , Nemchin Alexander , Grange Marion , Kennedy Allen , Göpel Christa 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMartian regolith breccia NWA 7533 (and the seven paired samples) is unique among Martian meteorites in showing accessory pyrite (up to 1% by weight). Pyrite is a late mineral, crystallized after the final assembly of the breccia. It is present in all of the lithologies, i.e., the fine‐grained matrix (ICM), clast‐laden impact melt rocks (CLIMR), melt spherules, microbasalts, lithic clasts, and mineral clasts, all lacking magmatic sulfides due to degassing. Pyrite crystals show combinations of cubes, truncated cubes, and octahedra. Polycrystalline clusters can reach 200 μm in maximum dimensions. Regardless of their shape, pyrite crystals display evidence of very weak shock metamorphism such as planar features, fracture networks, and disruption into subgrains. The late fracture systems acted as preferential pathways for partial replacement of pyrite by iron oxyhydroxides interpreted as resulting from hot desert terrestrial alteration. The distribution and shape of pyrite crystals argue for growth at moderate to low growth rate from just‐saturated near neutral (6 < pH<10), H2S‐HS‐rich fluids at minimum log fO2 of >FMQ + 2 log units. It is inferred from the maximum Ni contents (4.5 wt%) that pyrite started crystallizing at 400–500 °C, during or shortly after a short‐duration, relatively low temperature, thermal event that lithified and sintered the regolith breccias, 1.4 Ga ago as deduced from disturbance in several isotope systematics.
Different pathogenicities of Rice stripe virus from the insect vector and from viruliferous plants
Authors: Zhao Wan , Yang Pengcheng , Kang Le , Cui Feng 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Persistent plant viruses usually depend on insects for their transmission; they cannot be transmitted between plants or through mechanical inoculation. However, the mechanism by which persistent viruses become pathogenic in insect vectors remains unknown. In this study, we used Rice stripe virus (RSV), its insect vector Laodelphax striatellus and host plant (Oryza sativa) to explore how persistent viruses acquire pathogenicity from insect vectors.

RSV acquired phytopathogenicity in both the alimentary tract and the salivary gland of L. striatellus.

We mechanically inoculated RSV into rice O. sativa leaves through midrib microinjection. Insect‐derived RSV induced a typical stripe symptom, whereas plant‐derived RSV only produced chlorosis in rice leaves. Insect‐derived RSV had higher expression of genes rdrp, ns2, nsvc2, sp and nsvc4 than plant‐derived RSV, and the latter had higher expression of genes cp and ns3 than the former in rice leaves. Different from plant‐derived RSV, insect‐derived RSV damaged grana stacks within the chloroplast and inhibited photosynthesis by suppressing the photosystem II subunit psbp.

This study not only presented a convenient method to mechanically inoculate RSV into plants, but also provided insights into the different pathogenic mechanisms of RSV from the insect vector and from viruliferous plants.
Essence and Possibility in the Leibniz‐Arnauld Correspondence
Authors: Stencil Eric 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the 1680s, Gottfried Leibniz and Antoine Arnauld engaged in a philosophically rich correspondence. One issue they discuss is modal metaphysics – questions concerning necessity, possibility, and essence. While Arnauld's contributions to the correspondence are considered generally astute, his contributions on this issue have not always received a warm treatment. I argue that Arnauld's criticisms of Leibniz are sophisticated and that Arnauld offers his own Cartesian account in its place. In particular, I argue that Arnauld offers an account of possibility that is actualist (only actual things exist),modalactualist (modality is irreducible) and essence‐based (essences groundde recounterfactuals).
Measuring what counts: Development of a new four‐category measure of adult attachment
Authors: SCHARFE ELAINE 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMeasurement issues have plagued attachment research over the past 30 years. Concerns range from limitations of the original paragraph measure (C. Hazan & P. R. Shaver, 1987), low reliability of continuous scales of Bartholomew's 4‐category measure, limited interpretation of the 2 dimensions of the Experience of Close Relationships and the Experience of Close Relationships‐Revised (ECR/ECR‐R; K. A. Brennan, C. L. Clark, & P. R. Shaver, 1998; R. C. Fraley, N. G. Waller, & K. A. Brennan, 2000), and time‐consuming coding of attachment interviews. In this article, a revision of the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ) is introduced. The new 4‐category scales were found to have improved internal consistency when compared with the original RSQ scales as well as moderate to high test–retest reliability and good construct validity, thereby providing an alternative measure for researchers who are interested in assessing the effects of the 4‐category model of attachment.
A Wittgensteinian Role‐Based Account of Assertion
Authors: Milić Ivan , Reining Stefan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAccording to an “orthodox” reading proposed by Dummett and more recently endorsed by Lugg and Price, the later Wittgenstein rejects the idea of grouping together certain utterances as a single class of assertions. We offer an alternative commentary on the Philosophical Investigations §§21–24, developing what we call a Wittgensteinian role‐based account of assertion. We then examine whether this role‐based account can solve the problem of on‐stage utterances. In the course of this, the merits of the account are shown and compared to an alternative proposal offered by Searle.
Exercise test using dry air in random adolescents: Temporal profile and predictors of bronchoconstriction
Authors: Johansson Henrik , Norlander Katarina , Alving Kjell , Hedenström Hans , Janson Christer , Malinovschi Andrei , Nordang Leif , Emtner Margareta 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveGuidelines recommend exercise tests using dry air to diagnose exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Lung function changes subsequent to these tests have not been investigated in a general adolescent population, and it remains unknown whether signs of airway inflammation, measured using exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), can predict a positive response. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal aspect of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) after an exercise test using dry air, and to investigate predictors of EIB.MethodsFrom a cross‐sectional study on adolescents aged 13–15 years (n = 3838), a random subsample of 146 adolescents (99 with and 47 without self‐reported exercise‐induced dyspnoea) underwent standardized treadmill exercise tests for EIB while breathing dry air.ResultsOf the adolescents, 34% had a positive EIB test (decline of ≥10% in FEV1 from baseline) within 30 min. Of the subjects with EIB, 53% showed the greatest decline in FEV1 at 5 to 10 min (mean decline 18.5%), and the remaining 47% of the subjects showed the greatest decline at 15 to 30 min (mean decline 18.9%) after exercise. Increased FeNO (>20 ppb), female gender and self‐reported exercise‐induced dyspnoea were independently associated with a positive EIB test.ConclusionWhen assessing general adolescents for EIB with exercise test using dry air, there is a temporal variation in the greatest FEV1 decline after exercise. Therefore, lung function should be measured for at least 30 min after the exercise. Increased FeNO, female gender and self‐reported exercise‐induced dyspnoea can be predictors of a positive EIB test.
Envy and Altruism: Contrasting Bivariate and Univariate Prospect Preferences
Authors: Kaplanski Guy , Levy Haim 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe compare prospect ordering with and without envy and altruism. We find that envy can induce a violation of the univariate first‐degree stochastic dominance (FSD), and thus a violation of the classic expected utility monotonicity axiom. Surprisingly, altruism can also violate FSD preferences. The intuitive explanation of the result in the case of altruism hinges on the sign of the mixed derivative of the bivariate preference: the individual might prefer a certain correlation between her wealth and her peer group's wealth, and is therefore willing to violate FSD as long as the outcomes of the two parties are ordered according to her preferences. When investments are considered, envy and altruism can distort not only preferences but also actual choices.
The potential for N2O emission and nitrate leaching in seasonally open solar greenhouses during the summer fallow: a 15N tracer study
Authors: Liu J. S. , Qiu W. H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe mechanisms responsible for nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and the potential for nitrate leaching under seasonally open solar greenhouses were investigated in a nitrogen‐15 (15N) tracer study during the summer fallow period in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. 15N‐labelled urea and KNO3 were applied at 30 (U1, K1) and 60 (U2, K2) kg N/ha, respectively, to microplots in a solar greenhouse after harvest of tomatoes. Large N2O emissions resulted from each treatment, with a total N2O flux of 482, 1481, 2283, 656 and 991 g N/ha for control (CK), U1, U2, K1 and K2, respectively, were primarily observed during the first month of the summer fallow period, reflecting the combination of considerable residual nitrate, soil organic matter and rainfall. The total 15N‐N2O flux was 35.2, 37.2, 7.9 and 11.2 g N/ha for U1, U2, K1 and K2, respectively, accounting for 0.54, 0.40, 0.17 and 0.12% of the applied N, suggesting that both nitrification and denitrification contributed to the enhanced N2O emission. After 2 months of fallow, only 52.08–54.78% of applied 15N remained in the top 0–40 cm soil layer, where there was the main concentration of tomato roots. Of the total 15N‐labelled KNO3 applied, 86.76% (K1) and 82.06% (K2) remained in the 0–100 cm soil layers and the rest of the N (about 13.07% for K1 and 17.82% for K2, calculated by subtracting 15N‐N2O loss and 15N remaining in the 0–100 cm soil layers from the total applied 15N) leached below 100 cm. Solar greenhouses in north‐west China clearly have great potential for both N2O emission and nitrate leaching during the summer fallow period.
Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus Type‐1 by fresh‐frozen plasma treated with methylene blue and light
Authors: Álvarez Manuel , Luis‐Hidalgo Mar , Bracho María Alma , Blanquer Amando , Larrea Luis , Villalba José , Puig Nieves , Planelles Dolores , Montoro José , González‐Candelas Fernando , Roig Roberto 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDThe risk of transfusion‐transmitted infection (TTI) has been minimized by introduction of nucleic acid testing (NAT) and pathogen inactivation (PI). This case report describes transmission of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV‐1) to two recipients despite these measures.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn March 2009 a possible TTI of HIV‐1 was identified in a patient that had received pooled buffy coat platelet concentrate (BC‐PLT) in November 2005. The subsequent lookback study found two more patients who had received methylene blue (MB)‐treated fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) and red blood cells (RBCs) from the same donation. In November 2005 the donor had tested negative for both HIV antibodies and HIV‐1 RNA by 44 minipool (44 MP) NAT. Repository samples of this donation and samples from the recipients were used for viral load (VL) and sequence analysis.RESULTSHIV‐1 RNA was detectable by individual donation (ID)‐NAT in the repository sample from the 2005 window period donation and a VL of 135 copies/mL was measured. HIV‐1 infection was confirmed in both recipients of both BC‐PLT (65 mL of plasma) and MB‐FFP (261 mL of plasma), but not in the patient that had received 4‐week‐old RBCs (20 mL of plasma). The sequence analysis revealed a close phylogenetic relationship between the virus strains isolated from the donor and recipients, compatible with TTI.CONCLUSIONSApproximately 17,600 and 4400 virions in the MB‐FFP and BC‐PLT were infectious, but 1350 virions in the RBCs were not. ID‐NAT would have prevented this transmission, but the combination of MP‐NAT and MB‐PI did not.
Delayed clamping of the umbilical cord after delivery and implications for public cord blood banking
Authors: Allan David S. , Scrivens Nicholas , Lawless Tiffany , Mostert Karen , Oppenheimer Lawrence , Walker Mark , Petraszko Tanya , Elmoazzen Heidi 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDPublic banking of umbilical cord blood units (CBUs) containing higher numbers of cells ensures timely engraftment after transplantation for increasing numbers of patients. Delayed clamping of the umbilical cord after birth may benefit some infants by preventing iron deficiency. Implications of delayed cord clamping for public cord blood banking remains unclear.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSCBUs collected by Canadian Blood Services at one collection site between November 1, 2014, and March 17, 2015, were analyzed. The delay in cord clamping after birth was timed and classified as “no delay,” 20 to 60 seconds, more than 60 seconds, or more than 120 seconds.RESULTSOf 367 collections, 100 reported no delay in clamping while clamping was delayed by 20 to 60 seconds (n = 69), more than 60 seconds (n = 98), or more than 120 seconds (n = 100) in the remaining cases. The mean volume and total nucleated cells (TNCs) in units with no delay in clamping were significantly greater than mean volumes for all categories of delayed clamping (Tukey's test, p < 0.05 for each comparison). The proportion of units with more than 1.5 × 109 TNCs was significantly reduced when clamping was delayed (p = 5.5 × 10−8). The difference was most marked for cords that were clamped more than 120 seconds after delivery (6.2% compared with 39%).CONCLUSIONSDelayed cord clamping greatly diminishes the volume and TNC count of units collected for a public cord blood bank. Creating an inventory of CBUs with high TNC content may take more time than expected.
Regionalism in Services: A Study of ASEAN
Authors: Gootiiz Batshur , Mattoo Aaditya 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCan regionalism do what multilateralism has so far failed to do – promote greater openness of services markets? While previous research has pointed to the wider and deeper legal commitments under regional agreements as proof that it can, no previous study has assessed the impact of such agreements on applied policies. This paper focuses on the ASEAN region, where regional integration of services markets has been linked to the thriving regional supply chains. Drawing upon surveys in 2008 and 2012 of applied policies in the key services sectors of ASEAN countries, we assess the impact of the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) and the ambitious ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint, which envisages integrated services markets by 2015. We find that ASEAN is not integrating faster internally than vis‐à‐vis the rest of the world: policies applied to trade with other ASEAN countries are virtually the same as those applied to trade with rest of the world. Moreover, the recent commitments scheduled under AFAS have not produced significant liberalisation and, in a few instances, services trade policy has actually become more restrictive. The two exceptions are in areas that are not on the multilateral negotiating agenda: steps have been taken towards creating regional open skies in air transport, and a few mutual recognition agreements have been negotiated in professional services. These findings suggest that regional negotiations add most value when focused on areas that are not being addressed multilaterally.
Banking Soundness Indicators and Sovereign Risk in Time of Crisis: The Case of the European Union
Authors: Parrado‐Martínez Purificación , Partal‐Ureña Antonio , Gómez Fernández‐Aguado Pilar 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study examines the impact of the soundness of the banking sector on sovereign risk of EU member countries during the financial crisis using a selection of financial soundness indicators (FSIs) and the sovereign ratings of the three main rating agencies. Unlike previous literature that typically focuses on the ability of FSIs to foresee banking crises, we estimate ordered response models to assess the power of these indicators to explain sovereign risk. Our results show that evaluations made by the rating agencies are related to the lagged values of core FSIs such that an improvement in these indicators leads to improvements in upcoming sovereign ratings. Hence, reinforced banking soundness would reduce the sovereign risk. Accordingly, governments, supervisors and central banks should pay close attention to the evolution of certain FSIs related to the banking sector, in addition to other variables that have traditionally been taken into account in analysing sovereign risk.
Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007–2010)
Authors: Hayes Galina , Benedicenti Leontine , Mathews Karol 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence of in‐hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity.DesignCohort study conducted between January 2007 and March 2010.SettingVeterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsConsecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) were compared with a randomly selected sample of dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period.InterventionsNoneMeasurements and Main ResultsAKI was defined as an at least 2‐fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. The primary outcome was a composite of in‐hospital death or AKI. Unadjusted and adjusted analysis controlling for illness severity using the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast) score and other confounders was performed. HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0–11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0–48 mL/kg/day). In unadjusted analysis, HES administration was associated with increased risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51–3.58, P < 0.001) or AKI (OR = 3.87, 95% CI = 1.21–12.37, P = 0.02). In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22–3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4–23).ConclusionsHES therapy is associated with increased risk of an adverse outcome including death or AKI in dogs. A randomized controlled trial investigating the safety of HES therapy in canine patients is warranted.
Unilateral renal ischaemia in rats induces a rapid secretion of inflammatory markers to renal lymph and increased capillary permeability
Authors: Bivol Liliana Monica , Iversen Bjarne Magnus , Hultström Michael , Wallace Paal William , Reed Rolf Kåre , Wiig Helge , Tenstad Olav 
Published: November 2015

Key points
Transient reduction in renal blood flow results in inflammation and is a primary cause of acute kidney injury, thereby representing a major clinical problem.
It is not known whether the inflammatory reaction is local only or part of a systemic response.
We accessed the renal microenvironment through isolation of lymph and were in this way able to investigate whether the inflammatory reaction is local or systemic.
Transient ischaemia followed by reperfusion resulted in a rapid production of inflammatory mediators locally in the renal interstitium.
We moreover showed that the injury response affected the glomerular as well as the non‐glomerular barrier and resulted in a reduced size and charge selectivity of the glomerular capillaries.
AbstractA better understanding of the inflammatory process associated with renal ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury may be clinically important. In this study we examined the role of the kidney in production of inflammatory mediators by analysing renal lymph after 30 min unilateral occlusion of renal artery followed by 120 min reperfusion, as well as the effect of IR on size selectivity for proteins in both glomerular and peritubular capillaries. All measured mediators increased dramatically in renal hilar lymph, plasma and renal cortical tissue samples and returned to control levels after 120 min reperfusion. The responses were differentiated; interleukin‐1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and leptin were markedly increased in plasma before reperfusion, reflecting an extrarenal response possibly induced by afferent renal nerve activity from the ischaemic kidney. Tumour necrosis factor‐α was the only mediator showing elevated lymph‐to‐plasma ratio following 30 min reperfusion, indicating that most cytokines were released directly into the bloodstream. The IR‐induced rise in cytokine levels was paralleled by a significant increase in high molecular weight plasma proteins in both lymph and urine. The latter was shown as a 14‐ to 166‐fold increase in glomerular sieving coefficient of plasma proteins assessed by a novel proteomic approach, and indicated a temporarily reduced size selectivity of both glomerular and peritubular capillaries. Collectively, our data suggest that cytokines from the ischaemic kidney explain most of the rise in plasma concentration, and that the locally produced substances enter the systemic circulation through transport directly to plasma and not via the interstitium to lymph.
Application of an Integrated Flow and DBD Plasma Actuation Model to a High-Lift Airfoil: Part II — LES
Authors: Aram Shawn , Shan Hua , Lee Yu-Tai 
Published: November 2015

A numerical study is conducted to explore the effect of a single dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) plasma actuator for controlling a turbulent boundary layer separation on a deflected flap of a high-lift airfoil at a chord-based Reynolds number of 240000. An integrated numerical model consisting of a DBD electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) body force model and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package called NavyFoam is employed in this study. The EHD body force is calculated by solving the Partial Deferential Equation (PDE)-based electrostatic equations for electric potential due to applied voltage and net charged density due to ionized air. The electric potential equation, the net charge density equation, and the flow equations are solved in separate computational domains.
Comparison of current computational results against experimental data indicates reasonable agreement between the two studies for the baseline flow as well as controlled cases using two AC waveforms including sine and pulse-amplitude-modulated sine with different modulation frequencies. Performance of the actuator is also examined for the square and pulse AC waveforms.
It is found that at the experimental conditions, the pulse-amplitude-modulated sine waveform provides the most lift enhancement in comparison with other waveforms used in this study, despite the least power input that it requires to operate.
The effect of the input voltage amplitude on the performance of the actuator is also examined for the sine and pulse-amplitude-modulated sine waveforms. It is shown that beyond a critical voltage, the sine wave is more effective in improving the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil than the other waveform.