bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Zilliox Lindsay A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: Neuropathic pain is a frequently encountered condition that is often resistant to treatment and is associated with poor patient satisfaction of their treatment. Several medications have been shown to be effective in treating neuropathic pain associated with diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia, and these medications are often used to treat neuropathic pain associated with other conditions as well. This article summarizes the diagnosis and assessment of patients with neuropathic pain as well as available pharmacologic and interventional treatment options.

Recent Findings: Evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of neuropathic pain have been published, and first-line medications include antidepressants, anticonvulsants, topical agents, as well as opioid analgesics. Interventional options include anesthetic and steroid injections, nerve blocks, and spinal cord stimulation. Essential to the treatment algorithm of neuropathic pain is the assessment and treatment of psychosocial comorbidities and the utilization of a multidisciplinary team approach, including cognitive-behavioral and rehabilitative therapies. Questions remain about the comparative effectiveness of various medications and combination therapies. Increasing interest also exists in the optimization and personalization of pharmacotherapy based upon the underlying mechanism(s) of neuropathic pain according to the quality of the patient’s symptoms.

Summary: The management of chronic neuropathic pain is challenging and is best achieved with the use of a multidisciplinary team. Pain is a subjective experience, and it is important to validate a patient’s pain, address psychosocial comorbidities, and set realistic treatment goals. Evidence-based guidelines are available to guide treatment, but frequently, high-quality evidence-based recommendations are lacking.
Disorders of Taste and Smell
Authors: DeVere Ronald 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article aims to educate clinical neurologists on the importance of taste and smell disorders in clinical neurology. These disorders commonly occur in head trauma, multiple sclerosis, seizure disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases such as idiopathic Parkinson disease and dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer disease, just to name a few. This article covers the basic anatomy of smell and taste, notes the important points of taking a proper history, and discusses smell and taste testing, which are inexpensive, minimally time-consuming procedures. Recurrent bad smells and tastes are not uncommon in these disorders, which cause major impairment in quality of life, including loss of appetite, decreased eating, and weight loss. The diagnosis and treatment of these disorders will also be discussed.

Recent Findings: Despite past widespread negative prognoses of taste and smell disorders, more recent work in the last 10 years has shown an improved prognosis for smell and taste recovery in most disorders, and recommendations for changes in food preparation have helped many patients enjoy their food and increase their appetite. Recent experimental evidence has shown that smell loss and testing can assist in separating idiopathic Parkinson disease from other parkinsonian syndromes, can suggest which patients with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder will more likely develop Parkinson disease, and can be predictive of the progression of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer dementia.

Summary: This article discusses the common smell and taste disorders that a clinical neurologist will encounter in practice. The anatomy and function of smell and taste will be reviewed, followed by office evaluation and testing. The common disorders will be reviewed, along with their prognosis and management.
Rethinking cancer: current challenges and opportunities in cancer research
Authors: Cagan Ross , Meyer Pablo 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Cancer therapeutics currently have the lowest clinical trial success rate of all major diseases. Partly as a result of the paucity of successful anti-cancer drugs, cancer will soon be the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. As a disease embedded in the fundamentals of our biology, cancer presents difficult challenges that would benefit from uniting experts from a broad cross-section of related and unrelated fields. Combining extant approaches with novel ones could help in tackling this challenging health problem, enabling the development of therapeutics to stop disease progression and prolong patient lives. This goal provided the inspiration for a recent workshop titled ‘Rethinking Cancer’, which brought together a group of cancer scientists who work in the academic and pharmaceutical sectors of Europe, America and Asia. In this Editorial, we discuss the main themes emerging from the workshop, with the aim of providing a snapshot of key challenges faced by the cancer research community today. We also outline potential strategies for addressing some of these challenges, from understanding the basic evolution of cancer and improving its early detection to streamlining the thorny process of moving promising drug targets into clinical trials.
Identifying, managing and preventing skin maceration: a rapid review of the clinical evidence
Authors: Whitehead F. , Giampieri S. , Graham T. , Grocott P. 
Published: April 2017

Objective: To identify the clinical empirical evidence for identifying, managing and preventing skin maceration in human subjects. Method: A rapid review of the current literature was undertaken between 5 September and 19 September 2016 using the electronic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PUBMED and Cochrane, with the key words: skin macerat*, wound macerat*, moisture associated skin damage, wound exudate and hyper-hydration of skin, Results: Of 526 papers found using an electronic database search, four were identified as fitting the search parameters, and a further two were retrieved from a manual search of reference lists. There were three themes that emerged: how to identify and measure maceration, how to manage and reduce maceration once it has already occurred, and how to prevent skin maceration. Hyper-hydration can reach greater skin depths than previously thought, thus engendering more extensive damage potential, which in turn can impact on treatments and healing time. Realistically, the deeper the hyper-hydration issue, the more extensive the damage and it will take longer to recover—a problem compounded if the hyper-hydration is due to incontinence and skin is also exposed to urine and/or faeces. In relation to wound management, the authors advocate the removal of moisture away from the wound or skin, either through superabsorbent dressings, or by allowing the excess moisture to evaporate through semi-permeable dressings to reduce maceration, enhance patient comfort and encourage healing. However, we found no evidence regarding the limits of hydration of the dermis and epidermis and thereby the optimal conditions for managing exuding wounds and promoting skin health. Each of the six papers in this review calls for further research to help identify, treat and prevent maceration. Conclusion: Maceration causes patients' discomfort and pain as well as prolonging healing time and deserves more focused research. This rapid review highlights how limited the clinical empirical research is on identifying and managing skin maceration from an early stage so that health professionals may be better equipped to prevent it. Further clinical research is also needed to determine when levels of hydration in the skin become damaging. The small number of studies within this review show that skin maceration can be avoided, but clearer guidance is needed.
An insight into the antibiofilm properties of Costa Rican stingless bee honeys
Authors: Zamora L.G. , Beukelman C.J. , van den Berg A.J.J. , Aerts P.C. , Quarles van Ufford H.C. , Nijland R. , Arias M.L. 
Published: April 2017

Objective: There is an increasing search for antibiofilm agents that either have specific activity against biofilms or may act in synergy with antimicrobials. Our objective is to examine the the antibiofilm properties of stingless bee honeys. Method: Meliponini honeys from Costa Rica were examined along with Medihoney as a reference. All honeys were submitted to a screening composed of minimum inhibitory concentration, inhibition of biofilm formation and biofilm destruction microplate-based assays against a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm forming strain. Dialysis led to the isolation of an antibiofilm fraction in Tetragonisca angustula honeys. The honey antibiofilm fraction was evaluated for protease activity and for any synergistic effect with antibiotics on a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. The active fraction was then separated through activity guided isolation techniques involving SDS-PAGEs, anion exchange and size exclusion fast protein liquid chromatographies. The fractions obtained and the isolated antibiofilm constituents were tested for amylase and DNase activity. Results: A total of 57 Meliponini honeys from Costa Rica were studied in this research. The honeys studied belonged to the Tetragonisca angustula (n=36) and Melipona beecheii (n=21) species. Costa Rican Tetragonisca angustula honeys can inhibit the planktonic growth, biofilm formation, and are capable of destroying a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. The antibiofilm effect was observed in the protein fraction of Tetragonisca angustula honeys. The biofilm destruction proteins allowed ampicillin and vancomycin to recover their antimicrobial activity over a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. The antibiofilm proteins are of bee origin, and their activity was not due to serine, cysteine or metalloproteases. There were 2 proteins causing the antibiofilm action; these were named the Tetragonisca angustula biofilm destruction factors (TABDFs). TABDF-1 is a monomeric protein of approximately 50kDa that is responsible of the amylase activity of Tetragonisca angustula honeys. TABDF-2 is a protein monomer of approximately 75kDa. Conclusion: Tetragonisca angustula honeys from Costa Rica are a promising candidate for research and development of novel wound dressings focused on the treatment of acute and chronic Staphylococcus aureus biofilm wound infections.
Spatiality and children’s civic agency
Authors: Zhao Xiaoying , Hauver Jennifer 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The present research examines intersections between children’s envisioned civic agency and spatiality. In order to understand how space matters in children’s civic agency, the authors conducted in-depth interviews with three 10-year-old children about their meaning makings in three familiar spaces. As part of the interviews, children were asked to describe how they envisioned responding to a hypothetical scenario (parallel across settings). Thematic data analysis suggests that children’s envisioned civic agency is influenced by the social relations and perceived power structures within each space. In light of the data, we identify aspects of spaces that served as facilitative conditions for promoting children’s agentic practice, and pose critical questions about the nature of schools as sites for fostering students’ civic agency.
The lost sounds of nature: The growing scarcity of natural sounds in the United States
Authors: Barker Stuart 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The history of the United States has been closely related to its natural environment. Nature has provided instrumental resources for the nation’s growth and space for its recreation. The ‘great outdoors’ of the United States has offered generations of Americans access to visually spectacular landscapes, capturing the imagination of tourists, explorers, artists and writers. The visual experience of such natural wonders has been the subject of scholarly discussion, but peoples’ experience of the correlating natural soundscapes has gone largely unexamined. Natural sounds are a resource that has been historically overlooked, but a growing body of historical and scientific evidence has demonstrated its importance as a national resource. As with other natural resources in the United States, natural sounds, once abundant, have become increasingly scarce due to the pervasiveness of human activity. The abundance and scarcity of natural resources in the United States has been a frequently visited topic of discussion; however, the growing scarcity of natural sounds has been largely absent from this debate. This article places the opportunity to listen to natural sounds unimpeded by human-made noise at the centre of the debate.
The importance of the pre September 11 period in explaining Aznar and Blair’s adoption of a pro-US foreign policy
Authors: Jones Nathan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The relationship between José María Aznar and Tony Blair and their support for US foreign policy during their time in office is frequently explained by their shared concern about terrorism following the terrorist attacks on September 11. This article highlights that while the importance of September 11 should be taken into account, other factors during the period from 1996 up until that point are crucial to understanding the relationship between Aznar and Blair. These factors demonstrate how two leaders from completely different political traditions came together to share a foreign policy outlook before September 11, which is fundamental to explaining their adoption of a pro-US foreign policy.
Viñetas truncadas. El control sobre las historietas durante el franquismo
Authors: Sarasola Ignacio Fernández 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Las historietas constituyeron uno de los principales medios de ocio de los niños españoles durante el franquismo. Sin embargo, el producto que llegaba a sus manos se hallaba previamente tamizado por las autoridades, atentas a cualquier aspecto que pudiera cuestionar los valores políticos, morales y religiosos que sustentaban el régimen dictatorial. Hasta los años cincuenta, sin embargo, las historietas se sometieron al régimen de censura general previsto para toda la prensa en España. Durante dicha etapa existió de facto una mayor libertad creativa, merced a la falta de atención que ese tipo de publicaciones merecía a las autoridades, que no las consideraban dignas de atención. Aun así, a través de medios espurios, como el control del papel, el régimen privilegió aquellas revistas más ligadas con el falangismo y el nacionalcatolicismo. A partir de la década de los años cincuenta el Estado empezó a considerar la necesidad de sujetar las publicaciones infantiles y juveniles a un control más estricto, creando para ellas incluso un estatuto particular en extremo severo, que condicionó tanto la forma como el contenido que adoptaron las historietas en los años sucesivos. Elementos como la violencia, el terror, la crítica social a través del humor o el erotismo fueron inmediatamente segados por las estrictas tijeras de los censores y su órgano directivo creado ad hoc, la Junta Asesora de las Publicaciones Infantiles. Al mismo tiempo, se imponía a las historietas una obligación pedagógica, tanto literaria como, sobre todo, en lo referente a los dogmas de la fe católica; aspectos que acabaron por cercenar buena parte de los aspectos lúdicos de aquellas lecturas.
Reviews
Authors: Filho Claudio Castro , Muro Diego , Cruz Roser López , Fouz-Hernández Santiago 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
MADRID’S FORGOTTEN AVANT-GARDE: BETWEEN ESSENTIALISM AND MODERNITY, SILVINA SCHAMMAH GESSER (2015) Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press, 347 pp., ISBN: 9781845193843, h/bk, £65.00
LA VOLUNTAD DEL GUDARI: GÉNESIS Y METÁSTASIS DE LA VIOLENCIA DE ETA, GAIZKA FERNÁNDEZ SOLDEVILLA (2016) Madrid: Editorial Tecnos, 366 pp., ISBN: 9788430968442, p/bk, €20
CARAJICOMEDIA: PARODY AND SATIRE IN EARLY MODERN SPAIN, FRANK A. DOMÍNGUEZ (2015) Woodbridge: Tamesis, 609 pp., ISBN: 9781855662896, h/bk, $120
IMMIGRATION CINEMA IN THE NEW EUROPE, ISOLINA BALLESTEROS (2015) Bristol and Chicago: Intellect, xv + 265 pp., ISBN: 9781783204113, p/bk, £28
DINAMIKA KOMUNITAS WARUNG KOPI DAN POLITIK RESISTENSI DI PULAU BELITUNG
Authors: Erman Erwiza 
Published: April 2017

<p>Dewasa ini bisnis warung kopi mengalami perkembangan yang pesat bersamaan dengan penciptaan selera, hasrat, dan gaya hidup baru kelas menengah kota. Jika dulu minum kopi identik dengan orangtua, kini melalui berbagai iklan, kopi hadir sebagai minuman supermahal, identik dengan kemewahan dan gaya hidup kelas menengah. Dengan memilih Kota Tanjung Pandan dan Manggar di Pulau Belitung sebagai studi kasus, artikel ini mencoba melihat faktor-faktor kemunculan, perkembangan, fungsi warung kopi, dan peran komunitasnya dalam konteks politik dan ekonomi yang lebih luas. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah, observasi langsung dan wawancara mendalam dengan pemilik dan pelanggan serta masyarakat sekitar warung kopi, penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa warung kopi tidak hanya sekedar sebuah usaha bisnis dan ruang publik yang memuaskan keinginan, hasrat pencandu kopi, tetapi adalah sebagai tempat membentuk komunitas, solidaritas dan saluran politik resistensi untuk memperjuangkan keadilan. Perkembangan ini berproses dan itu tidak dapat dipisahkan dari perkembangan ekonomi dan politik lokal/nasional.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci: Warung kopi, perkembangan, komunitas, politik resistensi, Belitung</p>
FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DOCENTE: VIVÊNCIAS E NECESSIDADES PERCEBIDAS POR LICENCIANDOS
Authors: Sampaio Adelar Aparecido , Stobäus Claus Dieter 
Published: April 2017

O artigo apresenta vivências de formação de licenciandos, a partir de suas experiências acadêmicas na relação entre a instituição formadora e a escola, entre a vida estudantil e pessoal, as relações interpessoais entre os sujeitos envolvidos, entre a teoria e a prática e as demandas de formação. Participaram do estudo qualitativo, em 2012, sessenta e oito licenciandos de uma instituição privada do Estado do Paraná. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário, tratado com análise de conteúdo, do qual se apresenta a categoria emergida: vivências e necessidades de formação percebidas na licenciatura. Como resultados, destacam-se, principalmente, as experiências positivas de autoavaliação sobre atuação nos estágios; a construção de uma identidade profissional; os desafios pessoais e acadêmicos durante a formação; as discrepâncias entre teoria e prática; a falta de apoio dos professores da escola; a necessidade de maior carga horária com a prática; os sentimentos de instabilidade e a desvalorização profissional. Sugere-se a adequação dos enfoques formativos com as demandas contextuais, desenvolvimento de temáticas relacionadas ao mal-estar e bem-estar docente nos cursos de licenciatura, institucionalização de apoios aos licenciandos e otimização dos processos de interação entre instituições e sujeitos envolvidos nesse processo formativo.
Wariacja na temat: MiSH a edukacja liberalna
Authors: Kontowski Daniel 
Published: April 2017

Niniejszy artykuł zawiera analizę studiów MISH jako przypadku edukacji liberalnej we współczesnej Europie. Od 1993 r. Międzywydziałowe Indywidualne Studia Humanistyczne stanowią alternatywną formułę studiów w dziewięciu wybranych uniwersytetach publicznych w Polsce, pozwalającą studentom realizować interdyscyplinarne programy studiów ułożone we współpracy z tutorem w wybranych obszarach wiedzy. Miarą ich międzynarodowego sukcesu było otwarcie podobnych form kształcenia na Ukrainie, Białorusi i w Rosji. Mimo skomplikowanej formuły organizacyjnej zostały one uznane przez badaczy za przykład współczesnej europejskiej edukacji liberalnej, głównie na podstawie autodeklaracji kierownictwa, w szczególności pomysłodawcy Jerzego Axera. Celem tego artykułu jest rekonstrukcja interpretacji pojęcia edukacji liberalnej w formie potrójnego ideału edukacyjnego: autonomii, republikanizmu i zaangażowania. Wykorzystane w nim zostaną wnioski z analizy artykułów naukowych, dokumentów wewnętrznych i częściowo ustrukturyzowanych wywiadów z kierownictwem MISH UW - ośrodka największego, najbardziej autonomicznego i oferującego największą liczbę i najwyższą jakość danych. MISH przedstawiony jest jako wariacjana temat edukacji liberalnej, w wyjątkowy sposób prezentująca zestaw celów, zasad i wartości wyznawanych przez kierownictwo. Dyskusja dotyczy szerszej roli studiów MISH w polskim systemie szkolnictwa wyższego, specyfiki MISH na tle innych przykładów edukacji liberalnej oraz roli gęstych analiz idei edukacyjnej dla budowy wiarygodnego obrazu jedności i zróżnicowania europejskiej edukacji liberalnej.
A Partition-of-Unity Dual-Weighted Residual Approach for Multi-Objective Goal Functional Error Estimation Applied to Elliptic Problems
Authors: Endtmayer Bernhard , Wick Thomas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this work, we design a posteriori error estimation and mesh adaptivity for multiple goal functionals. Our method is based on a dual-weighted residual approach in which localization is achieved in a variational form using a partition-of-unity. The key advantage is that the method is simple to implement and backward integration by parts is not required. For treating multiple goal functionals we employ the adjoint to the adjoint problem (i.e., a discrete error problem) and suggest an alternative way for its computation. Our algorithmic developments are substantiated for elliptic problems in terms of four different numerical tests that cover various types of challenges, such as singularities, different boundary conditions, and diverse goal functionals. Moreover, several computations with higher-order finite elements are performed.
How does the radio spokesperson’s voice influence credibility?
Authors: Martín-Santana Josefa D. , Reinares-Lara Eva , Reinares-Lara Pedro 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn radio, spokesperson credibility is a resource that can improve the effectiveness of a message, and its analysis requires the study of how voice qualities influence the listener. The aims of this study are to design and test the suitability of a scale of radio spokesperson credibility, and to analyse the effect of the phonoaesthetic function – that is, how a spokesperson’s gender, vocal pitch, accent and their interactions affect their credibility. We conducted a 2 × 2 × 2 experimental design via eight radio programmes in which we inserted a radio spot as stimulus material. The hypotheses were tested on a sample of 987 Spanish radio listeners, and the advertised service was blood donation. The results allowed the validation of a scale of spokesperson credibility, traditionally used in audiovisual media, formed by three dimensions (attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness), and provide several implications for the selection of a spokesperson for radio.
Actor diversity and viewpoint diversity: Two of a kind?
Authors: Masini Andrea , Van Aelst Peter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNews content diversity is generally considered to be an essential precondition for the promotion of social pluralism. However, how diversity of news content should be conceptualized and measured is less clear. We use a content analysis of newspaper articles about immigration (2013−14) in Belgium (Flanders) to measure the diversity of actors and viewpoints in the news, and to study the link between those two subdimensions of content diversity. We find that the representation of a plurality of active actors in a news article seems to go hand in hand with a more diverse range of viewpoints. The findings show that there are no significant differences in the level of actor and viewpoint diversity between quality and popular newspapers. However, the length of the article has a positive effect on providing more diversity. Moreover, our results indicate that allowing for individual immigrants to talk in the reporting is fundamental to promoting a more positive representation of immigration in the news.