bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sediment-Hosted Kaolin Deposit from Çakmaktepe (Uşak, Turkey): its Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis
Authors: Yildiz A. , Başaran C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBecause of their geochemical properties, the Çakmaktepe (Uşak) kaolin deposits have been considered as primary. New sedimentological, mineralogical, and geochemical data suggest that the Çakmaktepe kaolins are secondary deposits of sedimentary processes after hydrothermal alteration of the source rocks. The kaolins in the Çakmaktepe deposit were formed from the hydrothermal alteration of calcalkaline Karaboldere volcanics (KBV). The kaolinized materials were then reworked and accumulated in a lacustrine basin. The argillic alteration zones were associated with faults, and lateral zonation of minerals was observed in the KBV. Smectite was the major phyllosilicate in the ‘outer zone’. The alteration mineralogy of the ‘inner zone’ was similar to that of the Çakmaktepe kaolins and consisted mainly of kaolinite with minor amounts of smectite and alunite. The trace-element abundances in the kaolinized volcanics and the Çakmaktepe kaolins indicated hypogene conditions. The δ18O values of the Çakmaktepe kaolins ranged from 0.2 to 5.92%, which indicated that the Çakmaktepe kaolinites were formed at temperatures between 92 and 156°C, and the δD values ranged from −91.68 to −109.45‰. The irregular edge-to-face morphology, the variation in grain-size, a few broken crystals of kaolinite, the deficiency of dissolution-replacement and crystallization mechanisms, and the the low sphericity, very angular, and poorly sorted quartz crystals in the kaolins all result from transport processes. The sedimentary structures, including trough cross-lamination, tool marks, and load casts, indicate transportation by turbulent waters and deposition of kaolin layers in a shallow lake.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Pyrophyllite Edge Surfaces: Structure, Surface Energies, and Solvent Accessibility
Authors: Newton Aric G. , Sposito Garrison 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAtomistic simulations of 2:1 clay minerals based on parameterized forcefields have been applied successfully to provide a detailed description of the interfacial structure and dynamics of basal planes and interlayers, but have made limited progress in exploring the edge surfaces of these ubiquitous layer-type aluminosilicates. In the present study, molecular dynamics simulations and energy-minimization calculations of the edge surfaces using the fully flexible CLAYFF forcefield are reported. Pyrophyllite provides an ideal prototype for the 2:1 clay-mineral edge surface because it possesses no structural charge, thus rendering the basal planes inert, while crystal-growth theory can be applied to identify two major candidates for the structure of the edge surfaces. Models based on these candidate structures reproduced bulk crystal bond distances accurately when compared to X-ray data and ab initio molecular simulations, and the predicted edge surface bond distances were in agreement with those determined via ab initio simulation. The calculated surface free energy and surface stress led to an accurate prediction of pyrophyllite nanoparticle morphology, while surface excess energies calculated for the edge surfaces were always negative. These results are consistent with the observed pyrophyllite nanoparticle morphology, with the concept of negative interfacial energies, and conditions that may give rise to them including a role in the stabilization of layer-type nanoparticulate minerals. Molecular dynamics simulations of hydrated nanoparticle edge surfaces indicated five reactive surface oxygen sites on the dominant candidate edge, in agreement with a recent model of proton titration data for 2:1 clay minerals. These promising results illustrate the potential for classical mechanical atomistic simulations that explore edge surface phenomena at much greater length- and times-scales than are currently possible with computationally expensive ab initio methods.
Influence of Grinding and Sonication on the Crystal Structure of Talc
Authors: Čavajda Vladimír , Uhlík Peter , Derkowski Arkadiusz , Čaplovičova Mária , Madejová Jana , Mikula Milan , Ifka Tomáš 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTalc is an important industrial mineral with a broad range of applications. Particle size and crystal structure have a significant influence on the potential uses. The present study examined the influence of grinding and ultrasound treatment on talc from a new deposit, Gemerská Poloma, in Slovakia. The general knowledge that grinding produces progressive structural disorder leading to amorphization, whereas sonication has a negligible effect on the talc crystal structure, was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Partial reduction of particle size along with delamination was observed by XRD after sonication, low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and TEM. The specific surface area (SSA) increased slightly after prolonged sonication, but grinding initially caused a rapid increase in SSA followed by a drastic decrease after prolonged grinding time of up to 120 min which was attributed to the aggregation of amorphized talc. Sonication and grinding had different influences on the thermal behavior of the talc studied. Sonication decreased slightly the dehydroxylation temperature, whereas grinding added a significant mass loss at low temperature, arising from the dehydration of hydrated Mg cations released from the talc structure during amorphization. The initial high whiteness value of talc decreased slightly after grinding or sonication. Thermogravimetry was suggested as a useful tool to track and predict changes in the talc structure upon sonication and grinding.
Clay-Polymer Nanocomposite-Supported Brominating Agent
Authors: El-Hamshary Hany , Selim Adel I. , Salahuddin Nehal A. , Mandour Hamada S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe conventional methods of direct bromination of organic compounds with elemental bromine have several major drawbacks such as handling difficulty, corrosive effect, and toxicity, in addition to over-bromination and problems with isolation of products from the reaction mixture. Supported catalysts and reagents have become popular in the synthesis of organic chemicals over recent decades because they have overcome almost all of the drawbacks noted above. In the present study, a new clay polymer nanocomposite (CPN)-supported brominating agent was prepared from montmorillonite (Mnt) and styrene-co-vinyl pyridinium polymer. The reagent was obtained by the direct interaction of a two-fold excess of poly(styrene-co-N-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium) bromide with Na-montmorillonite (NaMnt) through ion exchange between Na+ of the NaMnt and pyridinium ions in the copolymer to provide CPN3 with free methylpyridinium bromide side chains. The structure of the CPN3 prepared was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Treatment of the CPN3 with bromine using the bromide ions which remained led to the perbromide-supported reagent, CPN4. The activity of the resulting CPN4 brominating reagent was examined through direct bromination of some alkenes, arenes, and carbonyl compounds and compared with the effectiveness of a crosslinked polymeric perbromide reagent. The yields obtained from application of the reagent were moderate to excellent. The advantages of this reagent, such as stability at room temperature, ease of regeneration from the polymeric by-product, and the yields of the brominated products, confirm the viability of using a CPN-supported brominating agent as a reactive reagent in organic chemistry synthesis.
Impact of the Protection and Advocacy Subscale on the Factorial Validity of the Supports Intensity Scale–Adult Version
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Seo Hyojeong , Wehmeyer Michael L. , Thompson James R. , Little Todd D. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The Supports Intensity Scale–Adult Version is a standardized assessment of support needs. This study examined the factorial validity of the standardized portion of the scale, finding that the six-factor model (Home Living, Community Living, Lifelong Learning, Employment, Health and Safety, Social Activities) demonstrated good fit, and that the inclusion of the Protection and Advocacy Scale did not affect fit and contributed unique information. Age and gender impacted intensity of support needs, with those of transition age and in late adulthood having the highest intensities. Gender also impacted support needs, but in fewer instances. Implications for future research are discussed.
Definição da matriz de compatibilidade entre pares de aeroportos para o transporte de órgãos
Authors: Carrara Bruno Athayde , Ribeiro Glaydston Mattos , Leal Jr Ilton Curty , Cascardo Leonardo Macedo Rodrigues , Heinzen Evelyn 
Published: December 2015

<p>Problemas logísticos são responsáveis por parte da não efetivação de doações de órgãos no Brasil. Uma das causas desses problemas é falta de ferramentas que auxiliem na tomada de decisão para escolha de voos para o transporte dos órgãos dentro de um período adequado. Assim, o objetivo desse artigo é apresentar e aplicar um modelo matemático, baseado no problema do caminho mínimo, para análise da compatibilidade entre pares de aeroportos de origem e destino, para transporte de órgãos para transplante pelo modo aéreo, utilizando voos de empresas aéreas regulares em território brasileiro. Após pesquisa bibliográfica e realização de entrevistas com responsáveis da Central Nacional de Transplantes desenvolveu-se o modelo matemático com aplicação em vinte e cinco casos reais. Consideraram-se trinta e dois dos principais aeroportos brasileiros para os quais se estabeleceu uma matriz origem-destino e os pares de compatibilidade para o transporte de órgãos para transplante. Verificou-se que em 52% dos casos o órgão foi transportado para o primeiro receptor da lista de espera. Acredita-se que a decisão de enviar o órgão para receptores que não sejam os primeiros da lista poderia estar relacionada, também, à falta de uma ferramenta de suporte para identificação de possibilidade de ligações entre origens e destinos, o que poderia ser evitado caso houvesse disponibilidade da matriz de compatibilidade proposta. </p>
Simulação numérica do fluxo d’água em pavimentos asfálticos compostos por misturas asfálticas com diferentes coeficientes de permeabilidade
Authors: Ferreira Wellington Lorran Gaia , Castelo Branco Verônica Teixeira Franco , Da silva Filho Francisco Chagas 
Published: December 2015

<p>A água pode atingir o pavimento de diversas formas, como por precipitação ou ascensão capilar. O efeito deletério da água é um dos principais fatores responsáveis pelo desgaste de pavimentos asfálticos. Um parâmetro para examinar a qualidade do pavimento com relação ao escoamento de água é a permeabilidade dos materiais que compõem as diversas camadas da estrutura. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o padrão de fluxo d’água em pavimentos asfálticos compostos por misturas asfálticas com diferentes coeficientes de permeabilidade (<em>k</em>). Para isso, foi utilizado um programa baseado no método dos elementos finitos (MEF) para modelar o fluxo d’água em um perfil hipotético de um sistema em camadas. No total, foram analisadas seis misturas asfálticas com diferentes percentuais de Volume de vazios (Vv): quatro com granulometria densa, sendo duas do tipo Areia Asfáltica - AA (7% e 9% de Vv) e duas do tipo Concreto Asfáltico - CA (4% e 7% de Vv), e duas com granulometria aberta do tipo Camada Porosa de Atrito - CPA (20% e 23% de Vv). Os resultados demostram que o padrão de fluxo depende não somente da permeabilidade média do material, mas também da forma como a permeabilidade está distribuída na camada de revestimento. </p>
Are there sex differences in the body size of the Eurasian red squirrel in Slovakia?
Authors: Čanády Alexander , Mošanský Ladislav , Krišovský Peter 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Sexual dimorphism of the Eurasian red squirrel on five somatic variables (head-and-body length, tail length, hind
foot length, ear length and body weight) was evaluated on 55 squirrels. The overlap of values of the measured
traits among sexes was high, but in all traits (with exception of the tail length) males seem to exhibit slightly
higher mean values than females. However, these differences were non-significant, with the exception of a small
significant difference in the tail length and tail-to-head-and-body ratio. Similarly, the results of discriminant function
analysis show no differences between the sexes. Positive correlation analyses, together with PCA values,
confirmed that tail length and hind foot length are traits that play a significant role in overall variability. We
suggest that this relationship could explain their mutual importance in locomotion, where the feet are essential
for movement in the trees. By contrast, the tail maintains balance on thin branches, or during jumps from one
crown to another. Longer tails also demonstrate differential selection on males and females for a locomotor
trait. Similarly, we discuss whether variations in tail length were connected to female reproductive success. Our
results suggest that the non-significant results regarding SSD provide the benefit of the same size for both sexes
in the protection of territory as well as inter- and intra-sexual interaction.
What are the important landscape components for habitat selection of the ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana in northern limit of range?
Authors: Elts Jaanus , Tätte Kunter , Marja Riho 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOrtolan buntings Emberiza hotulana have undergone one of the most severe population declines of any European farmland bird over the last thirty years. The aim of this study was to find out which habitat features, including crop characteristics, ortolan bunting prefers in Estonia in breeding areas. This study compared currently occupied and unoccupied ortolan bunting territories. Occupied areas contained significantly more tall broadleaf trees, crop types, structural elements (trees, bushes, roads, overhead power lines and buildings) and spring wheat, but also had lower crop drilling densities. Ortolan bunting territories were best described by a logistic regression model containing six variables: amount of structural point elements, length of power lines, amount of tall broadleaf trees and number of different crops had a positive effect, whereas crop density and area of autumn-sown crops had a negative effect. Based on the findings of this study, the following conservation measures can be recommended: lower crop densities; spring rather than autumn-sown crops; small-field systems containing a variety of crops; scattered scrub preserved or planted; habitat patches of permanent grasslands, hedges and tall broadleaf trees retained within the agricultural landscape.
Females prefer extra-pair males that are older and better hunters
Authors: Hromada Martin , Antczak Marcin , Tryjanowski Piotr 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAge of male is an important cue in mate selection, including extra-pair copulations; different phenotypic and behavioural traits are known to be age related. Paternity studies show that older males predominate as fathers of extra-pair young. It remains unclear if females actively choose older males because they possess high quality traits or because older males are more successful in coercing fertile females. We experimentally provided mounted males of different age (yearling vs. adult) of great grey shrike Lanius excubitor with nuptial gifts of different quality (vole vs. cricket) and observed reactions of females and their social partners. Females strongly preferred older males with energy-rich nuptial gifts. The reactions of females’ social partner to the extra-pair male did not differ significantly amongst experimental groups. However, males responded to the reaction of their mates and male aggressive behaviour increased when their mate showed an interest in an intruder.
Estimation of biomass density and carbon storage in the forests of Andhra Pradesh, India, with emphasis on their deforestation and degradation conditions
Authors: Prasad P. Rama Chandra , Lakshmi P. Mamtha 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe current study evaluates the growing stock, biomass and carbon content of Andhra Pradesh state’s forest (India) along with its current status of forest degradation and loss. For this purpose, the study used the growing stock data collected by state forest department in 2010 for the calculation of biomass and carbon storage using the standard conversion and expansion factors given by IPCC. The analysis shows low biomass and carbon values for the state’s forest in comparison to the mean values recorded in different studies made for Andhra Pradesh. It is also observed to be lower when compared with the average carbon and biomass for Indian forests. Overall, the analysis showed degradation and loss of forest in the state, coupled with reduction in biomass and carbon sink.
“As We See, So We Learn"
Authors: Edwards Owen D. 
Published: December 2015

Conceived by Sydney Newman and released on British television screens from 1963, Doctor Who has, except for a 16 year hiatus from 1989 to 2005, been established Saturday evening viewing for more than 50 years. Spawning hundreds of products related to the show, as well as numerous spin-offs in multiple media, Doctor Who has transcended its humble beginnings to become a lucrative and popular franchise. More importantly, the show has become embedded in public consciousness, a national institution described in definitive terms. Nevertheless, the show’s subsequent success, as entertainment science fiction, partially obscures its origins. Initially conceptualised as an educational programme, some of the earliest serials from the series feature the title character and his companions interacting with real historical persons, and witness actual historical events, with little or no science fiction elements, bar the means by which the characters arrive at their destination. The following article explores this genesis of Doctor Who as an educational programme, arguing that early serials such as The Aztecs exposed the viewership to an intelligent treatment of religious themes, touching mythology, ritual, and the interplay between religion and culture, as well as wider issues of morality, relativism and tolerance. Against this background, the paper examines the continuing validity of Doctor Who as a resource for contemporary religious education. Comparisons with recent episodes from the revived series, in which religion featured prominently, namely the 2014 episode The Rings of Akhaten, are presented, demonstrating the continuing usefulness of Doctor Who to religious educators. The paper concludes that whilst Doctor Who has evolved beyond its original remit to instruct and inform, the series nevertheless endures as a rich and important resource enabling reflection on the role of religion in contemporary society.
PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO E EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE CANDIDATOS DE A DOAÇÃO DE SANGUE
Authors: Macedo Flávia Ribeiro Martins , Terra Fábio De Souza , Dos Santos Sérgio Valverde Marques , Ribeiro Miranda Renata Pinto 
Published: December 2015

Introdução: Um dos desafios das instituições de saúde é conservar a captação de sangue, uma vez que os doadores representam apenas 1,8% da população brasileira. É de fundamental importância o papel do profissional de enfermagem na conscientização, na captação e na triagem de doadores voluntários. Objetivos: Identificar a representação epidemiológica dos pretendentes à oferta de sangue do Hemocentro de uma unidade hospitalar no Sul de Minas Gerais. Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta foi executada da apreciação do Hemocentro no ano de 2011, com uma amostra de 2.680 candidatos. Foi utilizado o instrumento do próprio Sistema que contém as Fichas de Triagem do Candidato a Doador de Sangue. Para a análise dos dados, fez-se a tabulação no Microsoft Excel Windows 7 Ultimate®, 2011, e a elaboração de tabelas e gráficos com valores absolutos e percentuais. Resultados: Observou-se que 82% candidatos foram aptos e 18%, inaptos, prevalecendo o sexo masculino, entre 18 a 29 anos e doadores de repetição. Diante do perfil dos doadores desta pesquisa, vale ressaltar a importância da elaboração de campanhas educacionais quanto à doação de sangue, a fim de diminuir o número de inaptos, melhorando a qualidade dos candidatos. Conclusão: Os achados demonstram a importância de campanhas que conscientizem os indivíduos sobre as características ideais para quem pretenda a oferecer sangue, para que, assim, ocorra um aumento de sujeitos aptos.
Using Open Educational Resources To Help Students Understand The Sub-Prime Lending Crisis
Authors: McDowell Evelyn A. 
Published: December 2015

In this paper, I describe an assignment designed to give students an intermediate level of understanding of the causes of the crisis using online educational resources widely available on the internet. I implemented the assignment in an undergraduate intermediate accounting course. Feedback from students indicate the assignment enhanced their learning of basic financial literacy concepts, encouraged them to make links between significant economic events and accounting concepts, and increased their confidence in their ability to learn difficult concepts on their own.
Song Of The Open Road: Business Students Blog About Tacit Knowledge In Their Internships
Authors: DeWitt Arlene O. 
Published: December 2015

Student interns produce professional blogs, using Web 2.0, to capture tacit knowledge concepts which are the experiential learning goals of internships in business education. This article discusses the pedagogical goals, methods and outcomes of this initiative. It also provides the theoretical underpinnings of the concept of tacit knowledge in viewing internships as a signature pedagogy in business education. It concludes with an application of this methodology to a strategic communication framework.
TIME-RESOLVED EMISSION FROM BRIGHT HOT PIXELS OF AN ACTIVE REGION OBSERVED IN THE EUV BAND WITH SDO/AIA AND MULTI-STRANDED LOOP MODELING
Authors: Tajfirouze E. , Reale F. , Petralia A. , Testa P. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Evidence of small amounts of very hot plasma has been found in active regions and might be an indication of impulsive heating released at spatial scales smaller than the cross-section of a single loop. We investigate the heating and substructure of coronal loops in the core of one such active region by analyzing the light curves in the smallest resolution elements of solar observations in two EUV channels (94 and 335 Å) from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We model the evolution of a bundle of strands heated by a storm of nanoflares by means of a hydrodynamic 0D loop model (EBTEL). The light curves obtained from a random combination of those of single strands are compared to the observed light curves either in a single pixel or in a row of pixels, simultaneously in the two channels, and using two independent methods: an artificial intelligent system (Probabilistic Neural Network) and a simple cross-correlation technique. We explore the space of the parameters to constrain the distribution of the heat pulses, their duration, their spatial size, and, as a feedback on the data, their signatures on the light curves. From both methods the best agreement is obtained for a relatively large population of events (1000) with a short duration (less than 1 minute) and a relatively shallow distribution (power law with index 1.5) in a limited energy range (1.5 decades). The feedback on the data indicates that bumps in the light curves, especially in the 94 Å channel, are signatures of a heating excess that occurred a few minutes before.