bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual variation in behavioural responsiveness to humans leads to differences in breeding success and long‐term population phenotypic changes
Authors: Arroyo Beatriz , Mougeot François , Bretagnolle Vincent 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhether human disturbance can lead to directional selection and phenotypic change in behaviour in species with limited behavioural plasticity is poorly understood in wild animal populations. Using a 19‐year study on Montagu′s harrier, we report a long‐term increase in boldness towards humans during nest visits. The probability of females fleeing or being passive during nest visits decreased, while defence intensity steadily increased over the study period. These behavioural responses towards humans were significantly repeatable. The phenotypic composition of the breeding population changed throughout the study period (4–5 harrier generations), with a gradual disappearance of shy individuals, leading to a greater proportion of bolder ones and a more behaviourally homogeneous population. We further show that nest visit frequency increased nest failure probability and reduced productivity of shy females, but not of bold ones. Long‐term research or conservation programmes needing nest visits can therefore lead to subtle but relevant population compositional changes that require further attention.
Inflammatory profile discriminates clinical subtypes in LRRK2‐associated Parkinson's disease
Authors: Brockmann K. , Schulte C. , Schneiderhan‐Marra N. , Apel A. , Pont‐Sunyer C. , Vilas D. , Ruiz‐Martinez J. , Langkamp M. , Corvol J.‐C. , Cormier F. , Knorpp T. , Joos T. O. , Bernard A. , Gasser T. , Marras C. , Schüle B. , Aasly J. O. , Foroud T. , Marti‐Masso J. F. , Brice A. , Tolosa E. , Berg D. , Maetzler W. 
Published: January 2017

Background and purposeThe presentation of Parkinson's disease patients with mutations in the LRRK2 gene (PDLRRK2) is highly variable, suggesting a strong influence of modifying factors. In this context, inflammation is a potential candidate inducing clinical subtypes.MethodsAn extensive battery of peripheral inflammatory markers was measured in human serum in a multicentre cohort of 142 PDLRRK2 patients from the MJFF LRRK2 Consortium, stratified by three different subtypes as recently proposed for idiopathic Parkinson's disease: diffuse/malignant, intermediate and mainly pure motor.ResultsPatients classified as diffuse/malignant presented with the highest levels of the pro‐inflammatory proteins interleukin 8 (IL‐8), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1‐β (MIP‐1‐β) paralleled by high levels of the neurotrophic protein brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It was also possible to distinguish the clinical subtypes based on their inflammatory profile by using discriminant and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ConclusionsInflammation seems to be associated with the presence of a specific clinical subtype in PDLRRK2 that is characterized by a broad and more severely affected spectrum of motor and non‐motor symptoms. The pro‐inflammatory metabolites IL‐8, MCP‐1 and MIP‐1‐β as well as BDNF are interesting candidates to be included in biomarker panels that aim to differentiate subtypes in PDLRRK2 and predict progression.
Climbazole boosts activity of retinoids in skin
Authors: Adamus J. , Feng L. , Hawkins S. , Kalleberg K. , Lee J‐M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo explore whether climbazole enhances retinoid‐associated biological activities in vitro and in vivo.MethodsPrimary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were treated from six to 48 h with either retinoids (retinol, retinyl propionate, retinyl palmitate) alone or in combination with climbazole, and then assessed for cellular retinoic acid‐binding protein 2 (CRABP2) mRNA expression by RT‐qPCR. Next, skin equivalent (SE) cultures were topically treated with retinol or retinyl propionate, with or without climbazole, and then measured for biological changes in retinoid biomarkers. Lastly, an IRB‐approved clinical study was conducted on the outer forearm of 16 subjects to ascertain the effects of low (0.02%) or high (0.1%) levels of retinol, retinyl propionate (0.5%), climbazole (0.5%) or a combination of retinol (0.02%)/climbazole (0.5%). Indicators of retinoid activities were measured after 3 weeks.ResultsTreatment of HDFs with retinol or retinyl propionate was unaffected by climbazole but alone, resulted in a significantly (P < 0.01) higher sustained CRABP2 mRNA expression than those treated with retinyl palmitate or vehicle control. In SEs, climbazole combined with either retinol or retinyl propionate boosted retinoid related activity greater than the retinoid only, reflected by a dose–response, downregulation of loricrin (LOR) and induction of keratin 4 (KRT4) proteins. In vivo, retinol (0.1%) and retinyl propionate (0.5%) significantly increased most evaluated biomarkers, as expected. Low‐dose retinol or climbazole alone did not increase these biomarkers; however, in combination, significant (P < 0.05) increases in retinoid and ageing biomarkers were detected.ConclusionClimbazole boosted retinoid activity both in the SE model, after a combined topic treatment with either retinol or retinyl propionate, and in vivo, in combination with a low level of retinol. Based upon the evidence presented here, we suggest that the topical skin application of climbazole in combination with retinoids could deliver skin ageing benefits more than a less robust retinoid alone.
Comparison of the proliferation and excretion of Bartonella quintana between body and head lice following oral challenge
Authors: Kim J. H. , Previte D. J. , Yoon K. S. , Murenzi E. , Koehler J. E. , Pittendrigh B. R. , Lee S. H. , Clark J. M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHuman body and head lice are highly related haematophagous ectoparasites but only the body louse has been shown to transmit Bartonella quintana, the causative agent of trench fever. The mechanisms by which body lice became a vector for B. quintana, however, are poorly understood. Following oral challenge, green fluorescent protein‐expressing B. quintana proliferated over 9 days postchallenge with the number of bacteria being significantly higher in whole body vs. head lice. The numbers of B. quintana detected in faeces from infected lice, however, were approximately the same in both lice. Nevertheless, the viability of B. quintana was significantly higher in body louse faeces. Comparison of immune responses in alimentary tract tissues revealed that basal transcription levels of peptidoglycan recognition protein and defensins were lower in body lice and the transcription of defensin 1 was up‐regulated by oral challenge with wild‐type B. quintana in head but not in body lice. In addition, the level of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species generated by epithelial cells was significantly lower in body lice. Although speculative at this time, the reduced immune response is consistent with the higher vector competence seen in body vs. head lice in terms of B. quintana infection.
Measuring patient engagement: which healthcare engagement behaviours are important to patients?
Authors: Tzeng Huey‐Ming , Marcus Pierson James 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAim(s)This study identified patient healthcare engagement behaviours that are important to community‐dwelling adult patients living in the southern region of the USA.BackgroundPatient engagement has been identified as a key driver for containing healthcare costs, but the public and healthcare professionals lack a scientific understanding of patient engagement. A valid tool is needed for prompting patients to discuss health activities with their healthcare providers and to obtain support.DesignThis exploratory cross‐sectional survey study used a quantitative research design. It was conducted in seven senior centres in the southern region of the USA in 2015.MethodsThis project used convenience sampling to recruit subjects. Subjects were community‐dwelling adult patients older than 18 years and living in the Upper Cumberland region of Tennessee. Individuals who had taken the survey previously were excluded. The survey tool, Patient Involvement Behaviors in Health Care, was developed by the authors and used for data collection.ResultsNinety‐two participants completed or partially completed the survey. The response rate was 74·8%. Among the 51 identified behaviours, 17 were identified as being important by less than 95% of participants; eight of these 17 behaviours were important to less than 90% of participants.ConclusionsWe identified 34 behaviours that at least 95% of the participants indicated were important. Nurses may use this tool to help individual patients identify engagement behaviours that are important to them, to respect their personal preferences and thus improve their engagement in health care.
How Does the European Commission Create a European Civil Society with Words? A Discourse Theoretical Inquiry
Authors: Kutay Acar 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe intent of this article is to make sense of European civil society from the point of view of post‐structural discourse theory. This theory suggests examining meaning‐making processes concerning European civil society by adopting a post‐foundational philosophy and an interpretive approach to studying social phenomena. Post‐foundational philosophy is anti‐essentialist, combines discursive and non‐discursive elements, and adopts a constructionist approach to language that recognizes agency as situated. Discourse theorists conduct empirical research by strictly following these philosophical presumptions. So conceived, discourse theory suggests that the conceptual link between NGOs and European civil society does not have any foundational ground or naturalistic explanation. Such a link is not a pre‐given fact, and can be best understood as linguistically constructed and articulated; that is, the EU institutions, the European Commission in particular, have defined and constituted NGOs as civil society subjects that would stand for and make Europe's imagined civil society present.
Safety and effectiveness of tofogliflozin in elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A post‐marketing study (J‐STEP/EL Study)
Authors: Utsunomiya Kazunori , Shimmoto Naoki , Senda Masayuki , Kurihara Yuji , Gunji Ryoji , Fujii Shoko , Kakiuchi Seigo , Fujiwara Hisataka , Kameda Hiroyuki , Tamura Masahiro , Kaku Kohei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionAlthough sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are a promising treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus, they are associated with concerns about specific adverse drug reactions. We carried out a 1‐year post‐marketing study of tofogliflozin, a novel agent in this class, in Japanese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective, observational and multicenter post‐marketing study carried out in the context of routine clinical practice. The study included all type 2 diabetes patients aged ≥65 years who started treatment with tofogliflozin during the first 3 months after its launch on 23 May 2014.ResultsOf 1,535 patients registered, 1,507 patients whose electronic case report forms were collected and who had at least one follow‐up visit were included in the safety analysis. A total of 270 of 1,507 patients (17.92%) had at least one adverse drug reaction to tofogliflozin. The incidences of adverse drug reactions of special interest, namely, polyuria/pollakiuria, volume depletion‐related events, urinary tract infection, genital infection, hypoglycemia and skin disorders were 2.92, 3.85, 2.06, 1.33, 1.06 and 2.39%, respectively. Among those patients evaluable for clinical effectiveness, the mean change in glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight from baseline to last visit was −0.46% (P < 0.0001) and −2.71 kg (P < 0.0001), respectively.ConclusionsThe present study showed that the incidence of adverse drug reactions to tofogliflozin in this study of elderly patients aged ≥65 years differed little from the incidence in the preapproval clinical trials. It was shown that tofogliflozin significantly decreased glycated hemoglobin levels.
Tattoo removal by Q‐switched yttrium aluminium garnet laser: client satisfaction
Authors: Hutton Carlsen K. , Esmann J. , Serup J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundTattoo removal by Q‐switched yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) lasers is golden standard; however, clients’ satisfaction with treatment is little known.ObjectiveTo determine clients’ satisfaction with tattoo removal.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐four tattoo removal clients who had attended the private clinic ‘Centre for Laser Surgery’, Hellerup, Denmark, from 2001 to 2013 completed a questionnaire concerning outcome expectations, level of pain experiences and satisfaction with tattoo removal. The laser surgeon and his team were blinded from data handling. The study design included a minimum 2‐year postlaser treatment observation period from 2013 to 2015.ResultsOverall, clients were satisfied with their laser treatment; 85% assessed their treatment and results to be acceptable to superb, while 15% assessed their treatment and results to be inferior to unacceptable. Effectiveness relative to colour of tattoo on a scale from 0 (no effect) to 10 (complete removal) scored a mean of blue 9.5, black 9.4, yellow 8.9, red 8.8 and green 6.5. Clients were dissatisfied with green pigment remnants, which could mimic bruising. One hundred and twenty‐nine clients (84%) experienced moderate to extreme pain during treatment. Twenty‐eight (20%) developed minor scarring. There were many reasons for tattoo removal; e.g. stigmatisation (33%), conspicuousness (29%) and poor artistic quality (22%). One hundred and two clients had expected complete removal of tattoos without a blemish, expectations that were only partly fulfilled. During the treatment period, clients adjusted expectations and adapted more realistic views of outcomes.ConclusionThe majority of clients were satisfied with Q‐switched YAG laser removal of tattoos despite high pretreatment expectations which were only partly met. The study supports YAG lasers for tattoo removal as acceptable therapy of today, with room for new approaches.
The interrater and test‐retest reliability of the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (HOME FAST) in Malaysia: Using raters with a range of professional backgrounds
Authors: Romli Muhammad Hibatullah , Mackenzie Lynette , Lovarini Meryl , Tan Maw Pin , Clemson Lindy 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesFalls can be a devastating issue for older people living in the community, including those living in Malaysia. Health professionals and community members have a responsibility to ensure that older people have a safe home environment to reduce the risk of falls. Using a standardised screening tool is beneficial to intervene early with this group. The Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (HOME FAST) should be considered for this purpose; however, its use in Malaysia has not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the interrater and test‐retest reliability of the HOME FAST with multiple professionals in the Malaysian context.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was used to evaluate interrater reliability where the HOME FAST was used simultaneously in the homes of older people by 2 raters and a prospective design was used to evaluate test‐retest reliability with a separate group of older people at different times in their homes. Both studies took place in an urban area of Kuala Lumpur.ResultsProfessionals from 9 professional backgrounds participated as raters in this study, and a group of 51 community older people were recruited for the interrater reliability study and another group of 30 for the test‐retest reliability study. The overall agreement was moderate for interrater reliability and good for test‐retest reliability. The HOME FAST was consistently rated by different professionals, and no bias was found among the multiple raters.ConclusionThe HOME FAST can be used with confidence by a variety of professionals across different settings. The HOME FAST can become a universal tool to screen for home hazards related to falls.
Gyrodactylus salmonis infection impairs the olfactory system of rainbow trout
Authors: Lari E , Pyle G G 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMonogenean worms are ectoparasites that are known to be infectious to a wide variety of fish. Few species of monogenean parasites have been reported in the olfactory chamber of fish in current peer‐reviewed literature. However, the impacts of these parasites on the olfactory system are not well understood. In this study, the effects of Gyrodactylus salmonis on the olfactory system structure and performance were investigated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The olfactory performance of the infected fish was examined using an electro‐olfactography (EOG) technique, while the ultrastructure of the olfactory rosette was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). The infected rainbow trout displayed reduced responses to two standard olfactory cues (L‐alanine and TCA). The SEM micrographs revealed that many regions of the olfactory epithelium in the infected fish were heavily pitted and the LM examination of the olfactory epithelium showed local proliferation of mucous cells in the sensory regions as compared to the control group. The results of this study demonstrated that G. salmonis causes physical damage to the olfactory system of fish that lead to olfactory impairment.
Predictors of liver histological changes and a sustained virological response to peginterferon among chronic hepatitis B e antigen‐positive patients with normal or minimally elevated alanine aminotransferase levels
Authors: Chen J. , Xu C. R. , Xi M. , Hu W. W. , Tang Z. H. , Zang G. Q. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryA proportion of chronic hepatitis B patients with normal or only minimally elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels display significant histologic changes and would benefit from antiviral therapy. We aim to evaluate the histologic abnormalities seen in these patients and then determine which of them would most likely respond to peginterferon therapy. One hundred and thirteen hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive patients with a normal or minimally elevated ALT level and moderate‐to‐severe histologic changes in their liver tissue were selected to receive peginterferon monotherapy and participate in a follow‐up analysis. A multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that increasing age (P=.049) and lower hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels (P=.038) were associated with significant histological abnormalities in patients with a normal or minimally elevated ALT. Our predictive model which incorporated HBeAg testing at treatment week 12 combined with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) testing at treatment week 24 was able to identify which patients with a normal ALT level would achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) (positive predictive value [PPV]: 66.7%, negative predictive value [NPV]: 90.0%). Lower HBsAg and HBeAg levels at treatment week 24 were associated with a SVR in patients with a minimally elevated ALT level (PPV: 100.0%, NPV: 100.0%). A liver biopsy and antiviral therapy should be strongly considered when treating HBeAg‐positive patients with a normal or minimally elevated ALT level, low HBV DNA level, and aged >35 years. On‐treatment quantification of combined HBsAg and HBeAg test results may be useful for predicting a SVR to peginterferon monotherapy in these patients.
Normal saline is associated with increased sickle red cell stiffness and prolonged transit times in a microfluidic model of the capillary system
Authors: Carden Marcus A. , Fay Meredith , Sakurai Yumiko , McFarland Brynn , Blanche Sydney , DiPrete Caleb , Joiner Clinton H. , Sulchek Todd , Lam Wilbur A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveVaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC) is a complex process that occurs in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and is often associated with pain and urgent hospitalization. A major instigator of VOC is microvascular obstruction by pathologically stiffened sickle red blood cells (RBCs), and thus, therapy relies heavily on optimizing intravenous fluid (IVF) hydration to increase RBC deformability. However, no evidence‐based guidelines regarding the choice of IVF currently exist. We therefore analyzed alterations in biomechanical properties of sickle RBCs isolated from patients with homozygous SCD (hemoglobin SS) after exposure to different osmolarities of clinical IVF formulations.MethodsAtomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to assess stiffness of RBCs after exposure to different IVFs. A microfluidic model of the human capillary system was used to assess transit time (TT) and propensity to occlusion after exposure to the different IVF formulations.ResultsSickle RBCs exposed to normal saline (NS) had increased stiffness, TTs, and propensity to microchannel occlusion compared to other osmolarities.ConclusionNS, an IVF formulation often used to treat patients with SCD during VOC, may induce localized microvascular obstruction due to alterations of sickle RBC biomechanical properties.
Evaluation of efficacy of impregnated curtains in experimental hen houses as a phlebotomine control tool in northeast Argentina
Authors: MANTECA ACOSTA M. , SANTINI M. S. , PÉREZ A. A. , SALOMÓN O. D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of insecticide‐impregnated curtains against the entry of phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) flies into experimental slatted hen houses in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Three treatments in experimental dwellings containing three chickens each were applied using, respectively, an impregnated curtain (IC), a non‐impregnated curtain (NIC) and no curtain (NC). A control site without chickens (WC) was included. The study used permethrin at 0.05 g/m2. During each month for 1 year, each experimental hen house randomly received all treatments. Phlebotomine sandflies were captured using REDILA BL traps placed inside the hen house. Significant differences in abundances of phlebotomine flies/trap/night were observed between treatments (χ2 = 17853.58, d.f. = 3, P < 0.0001): 59.7% of phlebotomines were captured in the NC treatment, 26.3% in the NIC treatment, 8.0% in the IC treatment and 6.1% in the WC condition. Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho) was the most abundant species in all collections (89.9%). These results showed a lower abundance of phlebotomines in the experimental hen house in the IC condition than in the hen house in the NC condition (P < 0.05) and that the presence of NIC represents an effective physical barrier against phlebotomines (P < 0.05). Therefore, the use of curtains may be an alternative eco‐friendly method for the prevention of indoor ACL transmission in slatted dwellings, which represent a common house type in northeast Argentina.