bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
30‐Day In‐hospital Trauma Mortality in Four Urban University Hospitals Using an Indian Trauma Registry
Authors: Roy Nobhojit , Gerdin Martin , Ghosh Samarendra , Gupta Amit , Kumar Vineet , Khajanchi Monty , Schneider Eric B. , Gruen Russell , Tomson Göran , von Schreeb Johan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionIn India, half of the annual 200,000 road traffic deaths occur in hospitals, but the exact in‐hospital trauma mortality rate remains unknown. A research consortium of universities, with a mandate to reduce trauma mortality, measured the baseline 30‐day in‐hospital mortality rate.MethodsBetween September 2013 and February 2015, trained data collectors collected on‐admission demographic, physiological vital signs, and health service performance indicators (time of injury to admission, investigation, or intervention) on all patients with traumatic injuries admitted to four public university hospitals in three Indian megacities.ResultsOf the 11,202 hospitalized trauma patients, 21.4 % died within 30 days of hospitalization. The median age was 30 years for survivors and 37 years for non‐survivors. The on‐admission systolic blood pressure and Glasgow Coma Score was near‐normal in survivors, but was significantly lower in non‐survivors and associated with both early and late mortality (p = 0.001). In the absence of a trauma system, there were process‐of‐care delays from injury to reaching and being examined, investigated, or operated in the hospital.ConclusionUsing a multi‐institutional Indian registry, this study is the first to systematically document that the 30‐day in‐hospital trauma mortality was twice that found in similar registries from high‐income countries. Physiological scoring of on‐admission vitals was clinically useful to predict mortality. More research is needed to understand the causes of high mortality and time delays in the process of delivering trauma care in India, which has no prehospital or trauma system.
A Novel Study on the Gel Phase Formed in a Catanionic Surfactant System
Authors: Zhao Mingwei , Gao Mingwei , Dai Caili , Wang Shilu , Chen Wenxia , Liu Yifei , Wu Xuepeng , Xu Zhongliang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA novel gel phase was constructed in a catanionic surfactant system with the compositions of 1‐tetradecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (C14mimCl) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The gel phases were studied through visual observations, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheological measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The visual observation and DSC confirmed the formation of gels and phase transitions from gel to sol. The dynamic rheological results showed the viscoelastic properties of gels. The SEM technique was used to further indicate the microstructure of gels. Finally, the formation mechanisms of gels are proposed based on the critical packing parameter. We expect to develop a new route to construct the gels.
Pressure Ulcers: Factors Contributing to Their Development in the OR
Authors: Engels Dawn , Austin Melody , McNichol Laurie , Fencl Jennifer , Gupta Sat , Kazi Haseeb 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe prevention of health care‐associated pressure ulcers (HAPUs) is an important quality measure because HAPUs are considered a never event. The literature suggests that the prevalence rate of pressure ulcers is 8.5% or higher among patients who undergo surgical procedures that last longer than three hours. We performed a retrospective chart review to determine what factors contribute to the development of pressure ulcers in patients who undergo surgical procedures. The sample population included patients who acquired a pressure ulcer that was not present at admission and developed during their postoperative hospital stay. The project revealed consistent risk factors that may contribute to the development of pressure ulcers in patients who have undergone surgical procedures. These findings can drive the implementation of preventive measures to reduce the occurrence of HAPUs associated with surgical procedures.
Thrombopoietin is associated with δ's intercept, and only in Non‐Hispanic Whites
Authors: Royall Donald R. , Palmer Raymond F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionSerum thrombopoietin (THPO) is a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the latent dementia phenotype, “δ”. Both associations may be specific to non‐Hispanic whites (NHW), not Mexican‐Americans (MA). In this analysis, we examine ethnicity's effect on THPO's association with change in δ scores, in the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC).MethodsWe constructed an ethnicity equivalent δ homolog (“dEQ”) among n = 1113 MA and n = 1958 NHW. dEQ was output as a composite “dEQ‐score” for each of five annual TARCC waves. Those composites were used as indicators of a latent growth curve (LGC). The mean dEQ intercept (idEQ) and slope (ΔdEQ) were estimated in a random subset of N = 1528 participants and replicated in the remainder (n = 1544). THPO was regressed onto idEQ and ΔdEQ. Those associations were tested separately in MA and NHW.ResultsdEQ correlated strongly with CDR‐SB (r = 0.99,P < .001) and achieved high AUCs for AD diagnosis at each wave (range = 0.95–0.99). THPO was significantly associated with idEQ but not ΔdEQ. That effect was observed in NHW only. In MA, THPO had no associations with either idEQ or ΔdEQ.DiscussionWe confirm THPO's ethnicity‐specific association with δ in NHW. It is further clarified that this association is specific to δ's intercept and not its slope. This analysis provides a model for how dementia's specific serum biomarkers can be characterized.
Ship waves on uniform shear current at finite depth: wave resistance and critical velocity
Authors: Li Yan , Ellingsen Simen Å 
Published: February 2016

We present a comprehensive theory for linear gravity-driven ship waves in the presence of a shear current with uniform vorticity, including the effects of finite water depth. The wave resistance in the presence of shear current is calculated for the first time, containing in general a non-zero lateral component. While formally apparently a straightforward extension of existing deep water theory, the introduction of finite water depth is physically non-trivial, since the surface waves are now affected by a subtle interplay of the effects of the current and the sea bed. This becomes particularly pronounced when considering the phenomenon of critical velocity, the velocity at which transversely propagating waves become unable to keep up with the moving source. The phenomenon is well known for shallow water, and was recently shown to exist also in deep water in the presence of a shear current (Ellingsen, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 742, 2014, R2). We derive the exact criterion for criticality as a function of an intrinsic shear Froude number $S\sqrt{b/g}$ ($S$ is uniform vorticity, $b$ size of source), the water depth and the angle between the shear current and the ship’s motion. Formulae for both the normal and lateral wave resistance forces are derived, and we analyse their dependence on the source velocity (or Froude number $Fr$) for different amounts of shear and different directions of motion. The effect of the shear current is to increase wave resistance for upstream ship motion and decrease it for downstream motion. Also the value of $Fr$ at which $R$ is maximal is lowered for upstream and increased for downstream directions of ship motion. For oblique angles between ship motion and current there is a lateral wave resistance component which can amount to 10–20 % of the normal wave resistance for side-on shear and $S\sqrt{b/g}$ of order unity. The theory is fully laid out and far-field contributions are carefully separated off by means of Cauchy’s integral theorem, exposing potential pitfalls associated with a slightly different method (Sokhotsky–Plemelj) used in several previous works.
Using stratification to mitigate end effects in quasi-Keplerian Taylor–Couette flow
Authors: Leclercq Colin , Partridge Jamie L. , Augier Pierre , Dalziel Stuart B. , Kerswell Rich R. 
Published: February 2016

Efforts to model accretion disks in the laboratory using Taylor–Couette flow apparatus are plagued with problems due to the substantial impact the end plates have on the flow. We explore the possibility of mitigating the influence of these end plates by imposing stable stratification in their vicinity. Numerical computations and experiments confirm the effectiveness of this strategy for restoring the axially homogeneous quasi-Keplerian solution in the unstratified equatorial part of the flow for sufficiently strong stratification and moderate layer thickness. If the rotation ratio is too large, however (e.g. ${\it\Omega}_{o}/{\it\Omega}_{i}=(r_{i}/r_{o})^{3/2}$, where ${\it\Omega}_{o}/{\it\Omega}_{i}$ is the angular velocity at the outer/inner boundary and $r_{i}/r_{o}$ is the inner/outer radius), the presence of stratification can make the quasi-Keplerian flow susceptible to the stratorotational instability. Otherwise (e.g. for ${\it\Omega}_{o}/{\it\Omega}_{i}=(r_{i}/r_{o})^{1/2}$), our control strategy is successful in reinstating a linearly stable quasi-Keplerian flow away from the end plates. Experiments probing the nonlinear stability of this flow show only decay of initial finite-amplitude disturbances at a Reynolds number $Re=O(10^{4})$. This observation is consistent with most recent computational (Ostilla-Mónico, et al.J. Fluid Mech., vol. 748, 2014, R3) and experimental results (Edlund & Ji, Phys. Rev. E, vol. 89, 2014, 021004) at high $Re$, and reinforces the growing consensus that turbulence in cold accretion disks must rely on additional physics beyond that of incompressible hydrodynamics.
Dietary supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate calcium during the early postnatal period accelerates skeletal muscle fibre growth and maturity in intra-uterine growth-retarded and normal-birth-weight piglets
Authors: Wan Haifeng , Zhu Jiatao , Su Guoqi , Liu Yan , Hua Lun , Hu Liang , Wu Caimei , Zhang Ruinan , Zhou Pan , Shen Yong , Lin Yan , Xu Shengyu , Fang Zhengfeng , Che Lianqiang , Feng Bin , Wu De 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) impairs postnatal growth and skeletal muscle development in neonatal infants. This study evaluated whether dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate Ca (HMB-Ca) supplementation during the early postnatal period could improve muscle growth in IUGR neonates using piglets as a model. A total of twelve pairs of IUGR and normal-birth-weight (NBW) male piglets with average initial weights (1·85 (sem 0·36) and 2·51 (sem 0·39) kg, respectively) were randomly allotted to groups that received milk-based diets (CON) or milk-based diets supplemented with 800 mg/kg HMB-Ca (HMB) during days 7–28 after birth. Blood and longissimus dorsi (LD) samples were collected and analysed for plasma amino acid content, fibre morphology and the expression of genes related to muscle development. The results indicate that, regardless of diet, IUGR piglets had a significantly decreased average daily weight gain (ADG) compared with that of NBW piglets (P<0·05). However, IUGR piglets fed HMB-Ca had a net weight and ADG similar to that of NBW piglets fed the CON diet. Irrespective of body weight (BW), HMB-Ca supplementation markedly increased the type II fibre cross-sectional area and the mRNA expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), insulin-like growth factor-1 and myosin heavy-chain isoform IIb in the LD of piglets (P<0·05). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between the effects of BW and HMB on mTOR expression in the LD (P<0·05). In conclusion, HMB-Ca supplementation during the early postnatal period could improve skeletal muscle growth and maturity by accelerating fast-twitch glycolytic fibre development in piglets.
Population biology of the European woodwasp,Sirex noctilio, in Galicia, Spain
Authors: Lombardero M.J. , Ayres M.P. , Krivak-Tetley F.E. , Fitza K.N.E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSirex noctilioFabricius (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) is rare and rarely studied where it is native in Eurasia, but is a widespread pest of pines in the Southern Hemisphere. Here we report on the abundance, basic biology, host use patterns and natural enemies of nativeS. noctilioin Galicia, Spain. Most trees attacked byS. noctiliofailed to produce any adult progeny: >90% of emergences came from <20% of the attacked trees. The highest reproduction was inPinus pinaster, followed byPinus sylvestrisandPinus radiata.The proportions ofS. noctiliorequiring 1, 2 or 3 years for development were 0.72: 0.24: 0.04. Delayed development could be an adaptation to avoid parasitic nematodes, which sterilized 41.5% adults with one year generation time but only 19% of adults with 2 years generation time. Hymenoptera parasitoids accounted for 20% mortality. Sex ratios were male biased at 1: 2.9. Body size and fecundity were highly variable and lower than previously reported from the Southern Hemisphere. On attacked trees, there were 5–20 attacks per standard log (18 dm2), with usually 1–3 drills per attack. Attack densities and drills per attack were higher in trees that subsequently died. The production ofS. noctilioper log was positively related to total attacks, and negatively related to: (1) attack density, (2) incidence of blue stain fromOphiostomafungi and (3) frequency of lesions in plant tissue around points of attack. A preliminary life table for S.noctilioin Galicia estimated effects on potential population growth rate from (in decreasing order of importance) host suitability, unequal sex ratio, parasitic nematodes and Hymenoptera parasitoids.
Heterogeneity in Beliefs and Volatility Tail Behavior
Authors: Bakshi Gurdip , Madan Dilip , Panayotov George 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe propose a model of volatility tail behavior in which investors display aversion to both low-volatility and high-volatility states, and hence, the derived pricing kernel exhibits an increasing and decreasing region in the volatility dimension. The model features investors who have heterogeneity in beliefs about volatility outcomes and maximize their utility by choosing volatility-contingent cash flows. Our empirical examination suggests that the model is better suited to reproduce data features in the left tail of the volatility distribution, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Second-harmonic generation by an obliquely incident s-polarized laser from a magnetized plasma
Authors: Kuri Deep Kumar , Das Nilakshi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSecond-harmonic generation by an obliquely incident s-polarized laser from an underdense plasma in the presence of a magnetic field has been investigated analytically. An expression for the relativistic factor γ has been obtained in the presence of magnetic field. The efficiency of second-harmonic radiation η has been obtained as a function of angle of incidence θ, normalized electric field amplitude of laser beam a0, normalized electron density ${\rm \omega} _{\rm p}^2 /{{\rm \omega} ^2}$, and magnetic field b. It is observed that γ increases with b. In turn, the conversion efficiency decreases with an increase in b. It is seen that the conversion efficiency is affected by the magnetic field due to the modified relativistic factor. In the absence of magnetic field, η increases with a0 and θ. However, in the presence of magnetic field, the conversion efficiency starts decreasing as the magnetic field is increased.
Epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children in England, 2010–2014: the importance of birth month
Authors: REEVES R. M. , HARDELID P. , GILBERT R. , ELLIS J. , ZHAO H. , DONATI M. , PEBODY R. 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYThe epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in young children has not recently been described in England, and is an essential step in identifying optimal target groups for future licensed RSV vaccines. We used two laboratory surveillance systems to examine the total number and number of positive RSV tests in children aged <5 years in England from 2010 to 2014. We derived odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing children by birth month, using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, season and sex. Forty-seven percent of RSV tests (29 851/63 827) and 57% (7405/13 034) of positive results in children aged <5 years were in infants aged <6 months. Moreover, 38% (4982/13 034) of positive results were in infants aged <3 months. Infants born in September, October and November had the highest odds of a positive RSV test during their first year of life compared to infants born in January (OR 2·1, 95% CI 1·7–2·7; OR 2·4, 95% CI 2·1–2·8; and OR 2·4, 95% CI 2·1–2·7, respectively). Our results highlight the importance of young age and birth month near the beginning of the RSV season to the risk of laboratory-confirmed RSV infection. Future control measures should consider protection for these groups.
Effects of Noninhibitory Serpin Maspin on the Actin Cytoskeleton: A Quantitative Image Modeling Approach
Authors: Al-Mamun Mohammed , Ravenhill Lorna , Srisukkham Worawut , Hossain Alamgir , Fall Charles , Ellis Vincent , Bass Rosemary 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecent developments in quantitative image analysis allow us to interrogate confocal microscopy images to answer biological questions. Clumped and layered cell nuclei and cytoplasm in confocal images challenges the ability to identify subcellular compartments. To date, there is no perfect image analysis method to identify cytoskeletal changes in confocal images. Here, we present a multidisciplinary study where an image analysis model was developed to allow quantitative measurements of changes in the cytoskeleton of cells with different maspin exposure. Maspin, a noninhibitory serpin influences cell migration, adhesion, invasion, proliferation, and apoptosis in ways that are consistent with its identification as a tumor metastasis suppressor. Using different cell types, we tested the hypothesis that reduction in cell migration by maspin would be reflected in the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton. A hybrid marker-controlled watershed segmentation technique was used to segment the nuclei, cytoplasm, and ruffling regions before measuring cytoskeletal changes. This was informed by immunohistochemical staining of cells transfected stably or transiently with maspin proteins, or with added bioactive peptides or protein. Image analysis results showed that the effects of maspin were mirrored by effects on cell architecture, in a way that could be described quantitatively.
A Conversation on Conversations: A Research Journey with Professor Anne Sigismund Hufe - Technische Universität München (TUM)
Authors: Kemp Sharon 
Published: February 2016

Anne S. Huff has a reputation that goes before her for helping other academics, particularly in their endeavours to have their work published. I attended one of Anne's sessions on writing for scholarly publication and had my eyes opened to the traps a researcher can fall into; I was also made aware of ways to focus my effort to maximum effect In the workshop sessions that Anne conducts she shares her successes but also acknowledges she too had difficulties in getting her research accepted for publication. I trusted that her advice was sound because she has been there and done that.Some time after the workshop I felt the need to bring the conversations that we had during that workshop to a wider audience. I asked Anne if she would consent to an interview that would take readers along one of her research journeys. To my surprise Anne was more than delighted to do the interview and she found the idea of having the focus of our conversation on the process or research journey she undertook rather than the outcomes that are usually reported in journals quite novel. We agreed to meet at the EURAM 2005 conference which she co-organised.Research is reported in a different way than it was first conceived An interesting (but often undiscussed) aspect of research is the process or journey that is undertaken to reach the reported outcomes. Junior and senior staff alike can learn a great deal from understanding the research journey that eminent scholars have undertaken. In this conversation Professor Huff takes us along the research path she followed in several projects, especially work with Professor Louis Pondy between 1979 and 1986. Anne discusses how the research changed shape over time as well as detailing how and why the research came to an end. She gives us an insight into problems that resulted in deviations from an initial research plan. Through Anne's discussion of the research we discover how issues were handled and with the benefit of hindsight what aspects of the research she would change. Finally, Anne shares some general lessons for undertaking research.
Panel sequencing for clinically oriented variant screening and copy number detection in 142 untreated multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Kortuem K M , Braggio E , Bruins L , Barrio S , Shi C S , Zhu Y X , Tibes R , Viswanatha D , Votruba P , Ahmann G , Fonseca R , Jedlowski P , Schlam I , Kumar S , Bergsagel P L , Stewart A K 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe employed a customized Multiple Myeloma (MM)-specific Mutation Panel (M3P) to screen a homogenous cohort of 142 untreated MM patients for relevant mutations in a selection of disease-specific genes. M3Pv2.0 includes 77 genes selected for being either actionable targets, potentially related to drug–response or part of known key pathways in MM biology. We identified mutations in potentially actionable genes in 49% of patients and provided prognostic evidence of STAT3 mutations. This panel may serve as a practical alternative to more comprehensive sequencing approaches, providing genomic information in a timely and cost-effective manner, thus allowing clinically oriented variant screening in MM.
Phosphatidylserine is a global immunosuppressive signal in efferocytosis, infectious disease, and cancer
Authors: Birge R B , Boeltz S , Kumar S , Carlson J , Wanderley J , Calianese D , Barcinski M , Brekken R A , Huang X , Hutchins J T , Freimark B , Empig C , Mercer J , Schroit A J , Schett G , Herrmann M 
Published: February 2016

AbstractApoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved and tightly regulated cell death modality. It serves important roles in physiology by sculpting complex tissues during embryogenesis and by removing effete cells that have reached advanced age or whose genomes have been irreparably damaged. Apoptosis culminates in the rapid and decisive removal of cell corpses by efferocytosis, a term used to distinguish the engulfment of apoptotic cells from other phagocytic processes. Over the past decades, the molecular and cell biological events associated with efferocytosis have been rigorously studied, and many eat-me signals and receptors have been identified. The externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) is arguably the most emblematic eat-me signal that is in turn bound by a large number of serum proteins and opsonins that facilitate efferocytosis. Under physiological conditions, externalized PS functions as a dominant and evolutionarily conserved immunosuppressive signal that promotes tolerance and prevents local and systemic immune activation. Pathologically, the innate immunosuppressive effect of externalized PS has been hijacked by numerous viruses, microorganisms, and parasites to facilitate infection, and in many cases, establish infection latency. PS is also profoundly dysregulated in the tumor microenvironment and antagonizes the development of tumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the biology of PS with respect to its role as a global immunosuppressive signal and how PS is exploited to drive diverse pathological processes such as infection and cancer. Finally, we outline the rationale that agents targeting PS could have significant value in cancer and infectious disease therapeutics.