bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Off‐premise alcohol purchasing in Australia: Variations by age group, income level and annual amount purchased
Authors: Jiang Heng , Callinan Sarah , Livingston Michael , Room Robin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTo delineate what type and how much alcohol is purchased from different types of off‐licence premises and how this varies across demographic sub‐groups, as a basis for public debate and decisions on pricing and planning policies to reduce alcohol‐related harm in Australia.Design and MethodsThe data on alcohol purchasing from off‐licence premises are taken from the Australian Alcohol Consumption and Purchasing survey—a nationally representative landline and mobile telephone survey in 2013 on the experiences with alcohol consumption and purchasing of 2020 Australians aged 16+. The present analysis uses data from 1730 respondents who purchased alcohol from off‐licence premises in the previous 6 months.ResultsThe majority (54%) of alcohol purchased from off‐licence premises was sold from liquor barns (large warehouse‐style alcohol stores), with bottle shops (31%) the second most common outlet. Cask wine was the cheapest alcohol available at off‐licence premises in Australia. Respondents in higher alcohol purchasing quintiles and with those with lower income purchased a higher percentage of cheaper alcohol in their total volume of purchasing than lower purchasing quintiles and those with middle and higher income, and younger respondents purchased more expensive alcohol than older age groups.Discussion and ConclusionsA minimum unit price or increasing alcohol taxes may effectively reduce alcohol purchasing for lower income heavy alcohol purchasers and older age groups from off‐licence premise sources, and may be less effective on younger age groups. [Jiang H, Callinan S, Livingston M, Room R. Off‐premise alcohol purchasing in Australia: Variations by age group, income level and annual amount purchased. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:210–219]
Impact of thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke without occlusion: an observational comparative study
Authors: Ajili N. , Decroix J. P. , Preda C. , Labreuche J. , Lopez D. , Bejot Y. , Michel P. , Sévin‐Allouet M. , Sibon I. , Vergnet S. , Wang A. , Sanda N. , Mazighi M. , Bourdain F. , Lapergue B. 
Published: May 2016

Background and purposeThe impact of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV‐rtPA) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) but no arterial occlusion is currently a matter of debate. This study aimed to assess functional outcome of such patients with respect to IV‐rtPA use.MethodsA retrospective case−control analysis was performed comparing the outcome of AIS patients without arterial occlusion with or without IV‐rtPA use. Patients were selected from prospective consecutive observational registries of five European university hospitals. The primary study outcome was excellent outcome at 3 months after stroke, as defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–1.ResultsA total of 488 patients without arterial occlusion documented by angiography were included in the present study; 300 received IV‐rtPA and 188 did not. No between‐group difference was found for excellent outcome before and after adjustment for baseline characteristics (adjusted odds ratio for no IV‐rtPA use 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.51–1.24, P = 0.31). Similar results were found for favourable outcome (defined as a 90‐day mRS of 0–2) whereas a higher rate of early neurological improvement was found in IV‐rtPA‐treated patients (adjusted odds ratio 1.99; 95% confidence interval 1.29–3.07, P = 0.002). Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.ConclusionsOur study suggests that AIS patients without visible arterial occlusion treated with IV‐rtPA may have no better outcome at 3 months than those untreated. However, only a randomized controlled trial would provide a definitive answer about the impact of rtPA in acute stroke patients without occlusion. Until then, these patients should be treated by rtPA as recommended.
A fretting damage correction factor applicable to the McDiarmid criterion of plain high‐cycle fatigue
Authors: Nesládek M. , Španiel M. , Kuželka J. , Jurenka J. , Doubrava K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper presents an assessment of the performance of a set of multi‐axial high‐cycle fatigue criteria on the basis of a series of fretting fatigue experiments. We carried out tests on a creep‐resistant chromium steel material used for steam‐turbine blades. The first type of experiment employed the classical cylinder‐on‐flat geometry with flat dog‐bone specimens. The second set of experiments adopted dovetail geometry. Various loads were applied in order to capture a wide range of contact slip amplitudes. A set of eight plain multi‐axial fatigue criteria was applied to the numerically simulated stress response in the contacts during a single load cycle. Methods, which originated in the so‐called theory of critical distances, were used for correcting the results in order to take the stress gradient effect into account. A simple factor based on slip amplitudes is introduced in order to consider the surface damage and is calibrated for the McDiarmid method. This criterion provided the best estimates of the most probable cracking sites.
The role of pulsed electric fields treatment in enhancing the stability of amino acid – sugar complexes:‐ interactions between L‐Phenylalanine and β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Hong , Wang Lang‐Hong , Zeng Xin‐An , Brennan Charles S. , Brennan Margaret , Han Zhong 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIn this work, the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) treatment on the interactions between amino acids (using L‐Phenylalanine: L‐Phe) and sugar (using β‐Cyclodextrin: β‐CD) complex was analysed by fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and simultaneous thermal analyzer. Moreover, the molecular dynamics of β‐CD–L‐Phe inclusion complex treated by PEF was calculated by molecular modelling. The results indicated that β‐CD–L‐Phe complexes are formed by a molar ratio of 1:1, and the stability constant of such complexes increased from 147 to 614 M−1 by PEF treatment. Thermal characterisations of β‐CD–L‐Phe complexes indicated that the PEF treatment could increase the yield of complexes. The PEF treatment resulted in an increase in the reaction enthalpy of β‐CD–L‐Phe inclusion complexes by DSC curve. These results show that PEF treatment has the potential to promote the chemical processing, especially the small organic molecules participate in inclusion or cross‐linking reaction.
A Case Study of an Adolescent With Health Anxiety and OCD, Treated Using CBT: Single‐Case Experimental Design
Authors: Roberts‐Collins Cara 
Published: May 2016

PROBLEMThe sparse research evidence base for adolescents with health anxiety proposes a challenge in the treatment of such mental health difficulties. Similarities are drawn between health anxiety and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in terms of their development and maintenance. The literature is reviewed and discussed in relation to the referral, assessment, formulation, cognitive behavioral intervention, and treatment outcome.METHODSThe case of an adolescent girl (aged 15 years) who presented with significant levels of health anxiety and OCD is described. An adult cognitive behavioral model of health anxiety was adapted and integrated with evidence‐based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for children and adolescents with OCD. These models were used to collaboratively conceptualize the young person's presenting difficulties. A single‐case experimental design was employed to assess the effectiveness of the intervention.FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONRoutine outcome measures demonstrated the effectiveness of the OCD intervention, and the need for further research in health anxiety in young people, including the development of disorder and age‐specific measures. The implications for the use of CBT to treat health anxiety for young people are discussed.
The Richness Available Within Medication Management
Authors: Van Byssum Doris M. 
Published: May 2016

PROBLEMAn 18‐year‐old male patient comes in for an initial evaluation of his anxiety. His anxiety is not in remission on his current medication, and he is experiencing tics when his anxiety escalates.METHODSTime and patience are used to complete a comprehensive evaluation of the patient by interviewing him, gathering collateral information from a family member, utilizing a screening tool, reviewing past history and treatment regimens, and conceptualizing the patient.FINDINGSA thorough interview and assessment reveals a rich history of possible antecedents to the anxiety of the patient.CONCLUSIONIn order to make a thorough biopsychosocial assessment, the practitioner needs to approach the patient with a genuine interest. By utilizing time and patience, the practitioner has a greater opportunity to gather pertinent information for comprehensive recommendations. Underlying issues contributing to the patient's anxiety may be alleviated through nonpharmacologic management in addition to medication.
Elevated expression levels of serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1, tumor necrosis factor‐α and vascular endothelial growth factor 165 might exacerbate type 2 diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Li Xiang , Wu Ting‐Ting , Chen Juan , Qiu Wen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe present study aimed to determine the associations between expressions of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) in serum, and occurrence and development of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN).Materials and MethodsA total of 108 patients diagnosed as DN were randomly selected, including 50 patients in the microalbuminuria group, 44 patients in the macroalbuminuria group and 14 patients in the renal insufficiency group. Meanwhile, 97 healthy people were collected as a normal control group. Urinary albumin (UALB) and urine creatinine (Cr) of all participants were measured for 24 h, with their ratio (UALB/Cr) being calculated. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum concentrations of IGF‐1, TNF‐α and VEGF165.ResultsThe expressions of serum IGF‐1, TNF‐α and VEGF165 in the type 2 DN patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The expressions of serum IGF‐1, TNF‐α and VEGF165 in the type 2 DN patients were positively correlated with UALB/Cr (all P < 0.05). As type 2 DN worsened, the expressions of serum IGF‐1, TNF‐α and VEGF165 increased, and type 2 DN severity had positive correlations with serum IGF‐1, TNF‐α and VEGF165 concentrations (all P < 0.05). There was a positive association between IGF‐1 and TNF‐α, IGF‐1 and VEGF165, and TNF‐α and VEGF165 (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that IGF‐1 and VEGF165 were associated with the progression of DN (both P < 0.05).ConclusionsElevated expression levels of serum IGF‐1, TNF‐α and VEGF165 might exacerbate type 2 DN.
Efficient programming of human mesenchymal stem cell‐derived hepatocytes by epigenetic regulations
Authors: Tsai Wei‐Lun , Yeh Po‐Hung , Tsai Chia‐Yun , Ting Chin‐Tsung , Chiu Yen‐Hui , Tao Mi‐Hua , Li Wan‐Chun , Hung Shih‐Chieh 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground and AimIn view of its unique properties of detoxification and involvement of metabolic and biochemical functions, in vitro hepatocyte culture serves as a valuable material for drug screening and mechanistic analysis for pathology of liver diseases. The restriction of rapid de‐differentiation and inaccessibility of human hepatocytes from routine clinical procedure, however, limits its use.MethodsTo address this issue, the effort to direct human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into hepatocytes using a modified protocol was proposed. With the additional treatment of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi), in vitro hMSC‐derived hepatocytes were cultivated and their hepatic characteristics were examined.ResultsBy using a modified protocol, it was shown that Trichostatin A and 5‐aza‐2‐deoxycitidine protected differentiating cells from death and could sufficiently trigger a wide range of liver‐specific markers as well as liver functions including albumin production, glycogen storage, and urea cycle in hMSC‐derived hepatocytes. The increased mRNA expression for hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry including CD81, Occludin, LDL receptor, and scavenger receptor class B type I in hMSC‐derived hepatocytes was also detected, implying its potential to be utilized as an in vitro model to analyze dynamic HCV infection.ConclusionsThe present study successfully established a protocol to direct hMSCs into hepatocyte‐like cells suggesting the beneficial impact to apply HDACi and DNMTi as potent modulators for hMSCs to liver differentiation.
Endovascular treatment of Budd–Chiari syndrome: Single center experience
Authors: Rathod Krantikumar , Deshmukh Hemant , Shukla Akash , Popat Bhavesh , Pandey Ankur , Gupte Amit , Gupta Deepak Kumar , Bhatia Shobna J 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground and AimPercutaneous radiologic interventions are increasingly being used in management of Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS). Minimal invasive approach has resulted in excellent long‐term outcomes. We evaluated the treatment efficacy and safety of radiological intervention in patients with BCS.MethodsBetween January 2008 and June 2014, 190 patients with BCS underwent endovascular procedures (hepatic vein, collateral vein or inferior vena cava [IVC] plasty with or without stenting, or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting [TIPSS]). Clinical features, biochemical profile, and stent patency were monitored pre‐procedure and post‐procedure, and for a median duration of 42 (12–88) months.ResultsOf 190 patients (mean [SD] age = 26.9 [11.5] years; 102 men), imaging revealed hepatic vein obstruction in 147 patients, IVC obstruction in 40 patients, and concomitant hepatic vein and IVC obstruction in three patients. At presentation, the radiological interventions included hepatic vein plasty/stenting in 38 patients, collateral vein stenting in three patients, IVC plasty/stenting in 40 patients, both IVC and hepatic vein stenting in three patients, and TIPSS in 106 patients. Response was seen in 153 patients (80.5%). Repeat interventions were required in 19 patients (10.0%). Complications were noted in nine patients (4.7%).ConclusionOur study demonstrates that venous recanalization and TIPSS for BCS are safe and efficacious.
Patients’ experiences of healthcare encounters in severe irritable bowel syndrome: an analysis based on narrative and feminist theory
Authors: Björkman Ida , Simrén Magnus , Ringström Gisela , Jakobsson Ung Eva 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study aimed to explore patients’ experiences of healthcare encounters in severe irritable bowel syndrome.BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome is a common functional disorder with symptoms such as abdominal pain and disturbed bowel habits, the cause of which is not completely known. Treatments options are limited, and healthcare encounters in irritable bowel syndrome have been described as unsatisfying and frustrating for both patients and professional healthcare providers. Furthermore, the influence of power on healthcare encounters has long been recognised, especially regarding the disadvantaged position of those suffering from functional illness which cannot be identified by commonly used tests or investigations.MethodsWe interviewed 10 patients during 2014, all attending an outpatient clinic and suffering from severe irritable bowel syndrome. Relying on narrative and feminist theory, we explored how they actively negotiate professional discourse communicated to them in the clinical encounter.ResultsThe patients’ experiences of healthcare encounters in irritable bowel syndrome were mostly described as negative, and often induced feelings of confusion and self‐doubt. Positive encounters were described as being listened to, believed and taken seriously. Narrators found it especially problematic when healthcare professionals described irritable bowel syndrome as a minor disorder with primarily stress or psychological aetiology and put the responsibility for recovery onto the patient. Patients’ actively negotiated such professional discourse by presenting a counternarrative describing their own suffering and strengths, experienced healthcare shortcomings and possible organic aetiology of irritable bowel syndrome.ConclusionsPatients suffering from severe irritable bowel syndrome described how they often felt a need to protect their positive identities in the face of trivialisation and disbelief by healthcare professionals.Relevance to clinical practiceA deepened understanding of patients’ experiences of healthcare encounters in irritable bowel syndrome could enable more helpful and supporting interventions by healthcare professionals.
THE DECOUPLING OF EMERGING ECONOMIES: THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL PUZZLE
Authors: Pesce Antonio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWith the growing importance of the emerging economies (EEs) in the international scene, a lively debate has begun on whether the national economic cycles are converging or the cycles of EEs and advanced economies (AEs) are becoming disconnected, the so‐called ‘hypothesis of decoupling of EEs from the AEs’. Given the important practical implications that decoupling could have, for example, on the definition of national and international economic policies and on business strategies aimed at investment diversification and risk management, the question kindles not only the interest of academics but also policymakers and practitioners are very interested in the issue. The decoupling question has been long debated in different circles and from different points of view. This survey aims to retrace the steps of this debate and to provide some suggestions for future empirical researches.
MRI Patterns of Isolated Lesions in the Medulla Oblongata
Authors: Prakkamakul Supada , Schaefer Pamela , Gonzalez Gilberto , Rapalino Otto 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEIsolated lesions of the medulla oblongata are difficult to diagnose due to their rarity and high biopsy risk. Several individual case reports have been published, but a systematic descriptive study is lacking. Our study has three objectives that 1) provide a differential diagnosis, 2) describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and 3) propose a stepwise MRI‐based approach to the isolated lesions of the medulla oblongata in nonstroke patients.METHODSWe performed an institutional Review Board–approved retrospective analysis of 34 consecutive cases of isolated medullary lesions from nonstroke causes identified from our imaging database between January 2000 and May 2015. Eleven were excluded due to lack of pretreatment or follow‐up MRI. MR studies were reviewed by two blinded neuroradiologists. The diagnosis, demographic data, and MR findings were reported using frequencies and proportions. An MRI‐based diagnostic algorithm was proposed.RESULTSMost lesions were neoplasms (47%), followed by vascular malformations (15%), demyelinating/inflammatory lesions (15%), others (12%), unknown (8%), and infection (3%). Five MRI patterns were identified: 1) cystic lesion, 2) exophytic noncystic lesion, 3) intrinsic lesion with T2 hypointensity, 4) enhancing intrinsic lesion, and 5) nonenhancing intrinsic lesion. All showing patterns 1 and 2 were neoplasms or cysts. All showing pattern 3 were vascular malformations. Patterns 4 and 5 comprised of multiple etiologies.CONCLUSIONSNeoplasms are the most common cause of isolated medullary lesions in nonstroke patients. Other differential diagnoses include vascular malformations, demyelinating/inflammatory lesions, and infections. A stepwise MRI‐based approach can help differentiate between various etiologies.
SOCIAL DISCOUNTING AND THE LONG RATE OF INTEREST
Authors: Brody Dorje C. , Hughston Lane P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe well‐known theorem of Dybvig, Ingersoll, and Ross shows that the long zero‐coupon rate can never fall. This result, which, although undoubtedly correct, has been regarded by many as surprising, stems from the implicit assumption that the long‐term discount function has an exponential tail. We revisit the problem in the setting of modern interest rate theory, and show that if the long “simple” interest rate (or Libor rate) is finite, then this rate (unlike the zero‐coupon rate) acts viably as a state variable, the value of which can fluctuate randomly in line with other economic indicators. New interest rate models are constructed, under this hypothesis and certain generalizations thereof, that illustrate explicitly the good asymptotic behavior of the resulting discount bond systems. The conditions necessary for the existence of such “hyperbolic” and “generalized hyperbolic” long rates are those of so‐called social discounting, which allow for long‐term cash flows to be treated as broadly “just as important” as those of the short or medium term. As a consequence, we are able to provide a consistent arbitrage‐free valuation framework for the cost‐benefit analysis and risk management of long‐term social projects, such as those associated with sustainable energy, resource conservation, and climate change.
Perioperative management of living‐donor liver transplantation for methylmalonic acidemia
Authors: Baba Chiaki , Kasahara Mureo , Kogure Yasuhiro , Kasuya Shugo , Ito Sukeyuki , Tamura Takako , Fukuda Akinari , Horikawa Reiko , Suzuki Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2016

SummaryMethymalonic acidemia (MMA) is a hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by a defect of the methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase that breaks down propionate. The efficacy of liver transplantation for MMA was recently reported. However, the anesthetic management of liver transplant for MMA is not clear. The aim of this article is to describe an anesthetic management algorithm of liver transplant for MMA by reviewing our cases of liver transplant for MMA. Fourteen patients received a liver transplant; three cases showed metabolic decompensation during the transplant and two of the patients died. In the two patients who expired, propofol was used for maintenance anesthesia and preoperative continuous hemodiafiltration was used to reduce plasma methylmalonic acid level in one case, and to control severe metabolic decompensation before transplant for the other case. Their renal function was also worse than others and they were already experiencing metabolic decompensation before induction of anesthesia. Based on our experience of these 14 cases, we have established an anesthetic algorithm for patients with MMA undergoing liver transplant or other procedures. There are three important points in our experience: propofol should be avoided, dextrose infusion therapy should be continued to prevent metabolic decompensation, and liver transplant or other procedures should be avoided during metabolic decompensation.