bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Type 2 Diabetes and Hypogonadism in India: An Observational Study
Authors: Unnikrishnan Ambika G. , Saboo Banshi D. , Majumdar Anirban , Saraogi Ravi K. , Sundar Shanmuga , Mahadevan Shriraam , Ramakrishnan Anantharaman , Basu Indraneel , Dutta Deep , Bhattacharya Arpan D. , Bharathi Prakadeesh , Gawand Kalpesh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Hypogonadism is a common comorbidity associated with several metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D) that can remain undetected without proper screening. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of hypogonadism in Indian male patients with T2D with or without obesity.

Methods:
In this prospective, observational study, male patients with T2D and hypogonadism were evaluated symptomatically using the androgen deficiency in ageing male (ADAM) questionnaire at baseline and confirmed on the basis of total testosterone (TT) levels (<300 ng/dL) at Days 5–7 (Visit 2) and 9–14 (Visit 4) assessed after 12 hours of fasting between 8 AM and 10 AM. Prevalence of hypogonadism was presented as proportion of patients.

Results:
Of 598 enrolled patients, 526 completed the study. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 50.4 (9.12) years. The percentage of patients with TT <300 ng/dL at visit 2 was 18.4%, while upon repeat confirmation, it reduced to 8.6%. Thus, the prevalence of true hypogonadism was 8.6%. Prevalence of hypogonadism in patients with BMI range of >30 kg/m2 (obese) was 11.1%. At screening, 81.4% (487 of 598) patients had positive ADAM questionnaire results.

Conclusions:
Prevalence of hypogonadism in Indian patients with T2D was found to be 8.6% upon repeat evaluation of testosterone. Symptomatic (ADAM questionnaire) as well as biochemical (total testosterone levels with repeat evaluation) confirmation is vital in the definite diagnosis of male hypogonadism.
A Study of Functional Outcome of Pull-through Suture Technique in Avulsion Fracture of Anterior Tibial Spine
Authors: Cholkar Sourabh , Pathak Abhishek , Mishra Santosh Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The study has been conducted to evaluate the functional outcome of acute tibial eminence fractures treated arthroscopically with a pull-through suture technique.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted between December 2020 and September 2022 on patients with Meyers and Mckeever II and III anterior tibial spine fractures treated arthroscopically using a pull-through suture technique.

Results:
Of the 20 patients included in the study, the majority of the patients, i.e., 40%, ranged in age from 20 to 30 years and 90% were male patients. The most common cause of injury was road traffic accidents among 60% of cases, followed by falls from bicycles or stairs and rest owing to sports injuries. In the current study, majority of the patients, i.e., 65%, operated were of Meyers and Mckeever type 3 injury. There was substantial improvement between the mean preoperative Lysholm score of 51.05 and the mean postoperative Lysholm score of 92.10 after 9 months with 95% of patients having good-to-excellent result in the end.

Conclusion:
Using an arthroscopic pull-through suture approach to treat acute tibial eminence fractures results in good rigid fixation and improves the functional outcome.
Surgical Techniques of Suprapatellar Nailing in Proximal Tibial Fractures
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Kumar Rishabh , Shankar Anand , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Tibia shaft fractures are the most common lower limb long bone fractures, with approximately 80% occurring in the diaphysis region. Intramedullary interlocking nailing is a common procedure for treating these fractures, typically performed with the injured extremity positioned at a minimum of 90° of knee flexion to achieve optimal exposure of the correct entry point. However, the tension of the quadriceps tendon often leads to a typical apex anterior angulation of the proximal fragment. Suprapatellar nailing, performed with the knee in a semi-extended position, aims to reduce this anterior angulation. The objective of this study is to investigate the outcomes of suprapatellar access for intramedullary nailing in tibia fractures.

Methods:
This study employs a descriptive longitudinal design. Sixty cases of closed shaft tibia fractures were treated using the suprapatellar nailing technique.

Results:
Sixty patients with tibia fractures were included in the study. All patients underwent operative procedures involving intramedullary interlocking tibia nails using the suprapatellar approach. Out of the 60 patients treated with the suprapatellar approach, excellent outcomes were observed, with good range of movements and high scores on the lower extremity functional scale.

Conclusions:
The suprapatellar approach demonstrated excellent outcomes for proximal 1/3rd tibia fractures.
A Study on Correlation of Radiological Parameters and Foot Pain in Flat Foot
Authors: Nambiar Sudeep Madhukar , Kiran V. , Khalid Khadri Mohammed , Shetty Viplav , Nagakiran K. V. , Wooly Sameer , Shanbhag Sayeesh Mohandas , Chetan N. , Roy Gandi Adinarayana , Kumar Bula Ratna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to identify the individuals with symptomatic flat foot and find out a correlation between the foot pain and radiological parameters.

Background:
The talo-firstmetatarsal (TFM) angle, calcanealpitch (CP) angle, medial cuneiform-fifth metatarsal height on the lateral weight-bearing foot radiographs, and talar head uncoverage distance on the anteroposterior weight-bearing feet radiographs are the radiographic parameters used to assess the pes planus. The association of radiological parameters with symptomatic foot pain has always been a doubt. Assessment of superiority of one radiological parameter over the other is always controversial. Hence, we conducted a study to assess the correlation of symptomatic flat foot with CPangle and talo-1stmetatarsal angle.

Materials and Methods:
We studied a total of 91 patients with symptomatic flat foot. The symptoms associated with flat foot were assessed using Foot Health Status Questionnaire. Based on the findings of this enquiry, they were objectively divided into mild, moderate, and severe which were then correlated with CP angle and TFM angles.

Conclusion:
In our study, we found that there is positive correlation between TFM angle and level of foot pain and negative correlation between CP angle and level of foot pain. Among the two, TFM angle showed higher correlation when compared to CP angle.
Influence Of Mentorship On Career Advancement Of Small-Scale Businesses Operators In Calabar Municipality
Authors: Awoli Ewuru Agnes , Barong Abang Maureen , Ntami Eleng Seyifunmi 
Published: September 2024

This study determined the influence of mentorship on career advancement of small scale businesses in Calabar Municipality. The study adopted descriptive survey design using 982 small scale business operators with a sample size of 98 selected using simple random sampling techniques. Questionnaire was used for data collection and was structured on a four point rating scale of Very High Influence (VHI), High Influence (HI), Moderate Influence (MI) and Low Influence (LI). The instrument which was validated by 3 experts from the Department of Business Education yielded a reliability coefficient of .75 with test retest and PPMC statistics. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation for answering research questions and simple linear regression for testing the null hypotheses at .05 levels of significance. Findings of the study revealed that technical skills development, leadership development and networking as mentorship variables highly influence career advancement of small scale businesses. In addition, findings indicated that there is significant influence of technical skills development, leadership development and networking on career advancement of small scale businesses in Calabar Municipality. It was recommended among others that Small and Medium-Scale Entreprise Development Agency of Nigeira in collaboration with business experts should provide training and support for business owners that will aid the development of leadership skills for enhanced business relationship.
Physicochemical, Bacteriological And Hydrogeochemical Assessment Of Ground Water Within Uyo And Itu Areas Of Akwa Ibom State, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: I Morphy Morod , I Nkeruewem Ikpang , A Ojong Romeo , Amah Godwin 
Published: September 2024

Ten (10) groundwater samples collected from boreholes in Itu and Uyo localities of Akwa Ibom State were evaluated for physicochemical, bacteriological and hydrogeochemical assessment using standard analytical techniques. Results showed average pH of 4.49, temperature of 29.14 oC, EC of 45.30 μs/cm; TDS of 21.60 mg/l, Hardness of 4.30 mg/l, K of 2.49 mg/l. Mg was found to be 0.74 mg/l, Ca is 13.14 mg/l, SO4 has values of 3.9 mg/l, HCO3 concentration was also found to be 1.35 mg/l, Cl observed to be 4.07 mg/l. furthermore, NO3 concentration was also observed to be 17.71 mg/l, Mn2+ had 0.049 mg/l concentration, BOD5 is 5.82 mg/l, P2O5 was found to be 12.00 mg/l, Cr is 0.025 mg/l, NH3 is 0.142 mg/l, Zn is 0.138 mg/l, Cy is 0.006 mg/l, Fe is 0.159 mg/l, Pb is 0.002 mg/l, Ni is 0.19 mg/l, Cu2+ is 0.034 mg/l, Turbidity is 0.40 mg/l, Salinity is 0.002 ppt, and Alkalinity is 2.40 mg/l.. Comparing these values with WHO (2011a) standards, it was discovered that some parameters, including Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn and NO3-, had concentrations that were above the permissible limits in some locations while a few other locations showed concentrations which were within the permissible limits. Bacteriological investigations of faecal coliform count (FCC), total coliform count (TCC) and total heterotrophic count (THC) revealed an excessive presence of coliform. Hydrogeochemical assessment revealed no evidence of saline intrusion and the groundwater is of terrestrial origin. Based on different ionic concentrations, the Piper trilinear diagram revealed two fundamental types of water; the calcium sulphate and calcium bicarbonate waters. The groundwater was classified as acceptable for agricultural purposes based on the magnesium ratio and sodium adsorption ratio, which also indicate that the groundwater is excellent, soft and suitable.
Features of innovative marketing at the present stage
Authors: Сархадова Д.О. , Нажмутдинова С.А. 
Published: September 2024

В статье рассмотрены понятие и задачи инновационного маркетинга; основные принципы и приемы его использования, особенности применения инновационных инструментов; факторы, влияющие на внедрение инноваций. Проанализированы основные стратегии инновационного маркетинга, включая разработку новых продуктов, услуг и технологий, а также их успешное внедрение на рынок. Проблематика выведения связана с риском непринятия незнакомой продукции конечным потребителем. Минимизация выделенных проблем достигается путем четкого выделения потребностей конечного потребителя, достижения сопоставимости показателей издержек и результатов производства, опережения конкурентов по срокам вывода товара, а также выделения бюджета на продвижение инновационного продукта.
This article discusses: the concept and tasks of innovative marketing; basic principles and techniques of its use, features of the use of innovative tools; factors influencing the implementation of innovations. This article examines the main strategies for innovative marketing, including the development of new products, services and technologies, as well as their successful introduction to the market. The problem of introduction is associated with the risk of non-acceptance of unfamiliar products by the end consumer. Minimization of the identified problems is achieved by clearly identifying the needs of the end consumer, achieving comparability of cost indicators and production results, outpacing competitors in terms of product launches, as well as allocating a budget for the promotion of an innovative product.
Relevance of the reinsurance company’s strategy
Authors: Филиппов А.Е. 
Published: September 2024

В статье рассматривается роль перестрахования как важного инструмента обеспечения устойчивости и защиты для страховых компаний от финансовых рисков. Представлена проблема эффективного управления перестраховочным покрытием и его оптимизации. Рассмотрены история развития перестраховочной деятельности, ее трансформация, основные виды, формы и принципы функционирования. На конкретных примерах показывается релевантность перестраховочных решений при различных сценариях рисков и страховых портфелей, которые имеют свои уникальные особенности. Приводятся расчеты страховых премий и выплат по убыткам. Делается заключение, что при выборе договора перестрахования необходимо учитывать специфику своего страхового портфеля и целей, чтобы обеспечить оптимальную защиту и управление рисками. Поэтому выбор вида договора перестрахования является значительным решением, которое требует глубокого анализа и понимания потребностей и характеристик страховой деятельности компании. Управление перестраховочным покрытием и его оптимизация требуют использования современного специализированного программного обеспечения.
The role of reinsurance as an important tool for ensuring sustainability and protection for insurance companies from financial risks is considered. The problem of effective management of reinsurance coverage and its optimization is presented. The history of reinsurance activity development, its transformation, main types, forms and principles of functioning are presented. Specific examples show the relevance of reinsurance solutions in various risk scenarios and insurance portfolios, which have their own unique features. Calculations of insurance premiums and loss payments are given. It is concluded that when choosing a reinsurance contract, the assignor must take into account the specifics of his insurance portfolio and goals in order to ensure optimal protection and risk management. Therefore, choosing the type of reinsurance contract is a significant decision that requires in-depth analysis and understanding of the needs and characteristics of the insurance company’s activities.
Destructive ideology in youth environment as a way of involving in extremist activities
Authors: Дауров А.И. 
Published: September 2024

В статье анализируется деструктивная идеология в молодежной среде как способ вовлечения в экстремистскую деятельность. Отмечается острота проблемы утраты общественных ценностей и морали в современном обществе. На воспитание подростка активно влияет не только семья и образовательные учреждения, но и социальная среда, с которой он взаимодействует. Принятие мер по профилактике экстремизма и терроризма приведет к тому, что радикальные группировки не смогут пополняться новыми членами. При исключении условий, способствующих развитию радикальных группировок, можно значительно сократить количество последних. Эффективность профилактики экстремизма зависит от того, насколько правильно государственными органами воспринимается идущая от тех или иных неформальных организаций опасность.
The article analyzes destructive ideology among young people as a way of engaging in extremist activities. The acuteness of the problem of loss of social values and morality in modern society is noted. The upbringing of a teenager is actively influenced not only by the family and educational institutions, but also by the social environment with which he interacts. Taking measures to prevent extremism and terrorism will lead to the fact that radical groups will not be able to replenish new members. If conditions conducive to the development of radical groups are excluded, the number of the latter can be significantly reduced. The effectiveness of the prevention of extremism depends on how well the state authorities perceive the danger coming from certain informal organizations.
APPLICATION OF NANOPORE SEQUENCING TO SEARCH FOR STRUCTURAL VARIANTS IN THE POTATO GENOME
Authors: Лиходеевский Г.А. , Шанина Е.П. , Стафеева М.А. , Ахметханов В.Ф. 
Published: September 2024

Картофель (Solanum tuberosum L.) третья по распространённости растительная культура в мире. Многие направления работы по геномной оценке картофеля, проводятся с помощью маркер-ориентированной селекции (marker-assisted selection; MAS). На сегодняшний день существуют маркеры ассоциированные с широким спектром устойчивости к патогенам картофеля. Большая часть из них SCAR или STS и по наличию/отсутствию целевого продукта позволяют легко провести генотипирование. Однако, нуклеотидный состав как некоторых маркеров, так и некоторых регионов генома картофеля остаются неизвестными. По этой причине создание новых маркеров и дальнейшая генетическая селекция затруднены. Полногеномное секвенирование и поиск структурных вариантов могут способствовать дальнейшему развитию молекулярногенетических исследований культуры картофеля. Относительно небольшой размер генома картофеля в 840 миллионов нуклеотидных пар позволяет проводить полное секвенирование генома с помощью технологии Oxford Nanopore для последующего определения структурных вариантов в геноме картофеля.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most common crop in the world. Many areas of work on the genomic assessment of potatoes are carried out using marker-assisted selection (MAS). To date, there are markers associated with a wide range of resistance to potato pathogens. Most of them are SCAR or STS, and by the presence/absence of the target product, genotyping is easy. However, the nucleotide composition of both some markers and some regions of the potato genome remains unknown. For this reason, the creation of new markers and further genetic selection are difficult. Whole genome sequencing and the search for structural variants can contribute to the further development of molecular genetic studies of potato culture.
IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH MOLECULAR GLUTENINS IN SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES OF CANADIAN SELECTION
Authors: Русманов Н.С. , Груздев И.В. , Ворончихина И.Н. , Рубец В.С. , Соловьев А.А. 
Published: September 2024

Мягкая пшеница (Triticum aestivum L.) – важнейшая сельскохозяйственная культура, являющаяся основой хлебопекарного производства. В настоящее время увеличился спрос на высококачественные продукты питания, в том числе хлебобулочные изделия, однако качество зерна и выпекаемого хлеба, не смотря на рост производства, неуклонно снижается (Карпушин, 2017). Агротехническими приёмами сложно, дорого, а, зачастую, вообще невозможно повысить качество зерна, следовательно, в процессе селекции необходимо на генетическом уровне обеспечивать высокий технологический и хлебопекарный потенциал сортов мягкой пшеницы.
Soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important agricultural crop, which is the basis of bakery production. Currently, the demand for high-quality food products has increased, including bakery products, but the quality of grain and baked bread, despite the growth in production, is steadily declining (Karpushin, 2017). It is difficult, expensive, and often impossible to improve the quality of grain by agricultural techniques, therefore, in the breeding process, it is necessary to ensure the high technological and baking potential of soft wheat varieties at the genetic level.
DEVELOPMENT OF MARKERS FOR GENES ASSOCIATED WITH STARCH CONTENT IN SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L. POTATO TUBERS
Authors: Куваева Д.Д. , Сергеева Е.М. , Щербань А.Б. , Афонников Д.А. , Салина Е.А. , Кочетов А.В. 
Published: September 2024

Крахмал является основным запасным углеводом растений, составляет до 85% сухой массы употребляемых в пищу частей возделываемых культур (клубни, зерна, фрукты). Крахмал широко применяется в пищевой и непищевой промышленности, главным образом в качестве продукта питания человека и животных, а также как сырьё для производства этанола, тканей, бумаги, фармацевтических препаратов. Картофель Solanum tuberosum L. – четвертая по значимости сельскохозяйственная культура-продуцент крахмала (после кукурузы, риса, пшеницы). Содержание крахмала в клубнях – один из важных агрономических признаков картофеля. Для селекции сортов картофеля с повышенным содержанием крахмала, требующимся для нужд различных отраслей промышленности, необходима разработка эффективных молекулярных маркеров, связанных с целевым признаком. На ряде зарубежных популяций картофеля выявлены генетические локусы количественных признаков (QTL – Quantitative Trait Locus), связанные с содержанием крахмала в клубнях [1, 2, 3].
Starch is the main reserve carbohydrate of plants, accounting for up to 85% of the dry mass of the parts of cultivated crops used for food (tubers, grains, fruits). Starch is widely used in the food and non-food industries, mainly as a food product for humans and animals, as well as a raw material for the production of ethanol, fabrics, paper, and pharmaceuticals. Potato Solanum tuberosum L. is the fourth most important starch-producing crop (after corn, rice, and wheat). The content of starch in tubers is one of the important agronomic characteristics of potatoes. For the breeding of potato varieties with a high starch content, which is required for the needs of various industries, it is necessary to develop effective molecular markers associated with the target trait. On a number of foreign potato populations, genetic loci of quantitative traits (QTL - Quantitative Trait Locus) associated with the starch content in tubers have been identified [1, 2, 3].
ENERGY CORRECTED MILK INDEX AS A BIOMARKER OF PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF COWS
Authors: Лашнева И.А. , Сермягин А.А. 
Published: September 2024

Всемирная тенденция увеличения молочной продуктивности в скотоводстве в течение последних десятилетий сопровождалась ростом проблем со здоровьем и фертильностью у животных. Как известно, коровам требуется достаточное количество энергии, потребляемой с кормом, для поддержания продуктивности и физиологического статуса. Корма, как правило, схожи по общему содержанию энергии, но сильно различаются по её доле, которая необходима для обеспечения жизнедеятельности организма коровы и продуцирования ею молока. Оставшаяся часть энергии корма теряется с экскрементами и избыточным тепловыделением коровы. Лактирующему животному требуется 0,74 Мкал чистой энергии для производства 1 кг молока, содержащего 4,00 % жира, а общая энергетическая ценность большинства кормов колеблется от 0,9 до 2,2 Мкал чистой энергии на кг сухого вещества. В этой связи определение эффективности преобразования корма в молоко (ECM, energy-corrected milk) может помочь в определении продуктивности коров или стада для оптимизации стратегии менеджмента.
The worldwide trend towards increasing milk production in livestock over the past decades has been accompanied by an increase in animal health and fertility problems. As you know, cows require a sufficient amount of energy consumed with feed to maintain productivity and physiological status. Feeds are generally similar in total energy content, but differ greatly in the amount of energy needed to keep a cow alive and produce milk. The rest of the feed energy is lost in the feces and excess heat generated by the cow. A lactating animal requires 0.74 Mcal of net energy to produce 1 kg of milk containing 4.00% fat, and the total energy value of most feeds ranges from 0.9 to 2.2 Mcal of net energy per kg of dry matter. In this regard, determining the efficiency of conversion of feed to milk (ECM, energy-corrected milk) can help in determining the productivity of cows or herds to optimize the management strategy.