bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workplace bullying among nurses and their related factors in Japan: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Yokoyama Mami , Suzuki Miho , Takai Yukari , Igarashi Ayumi , Noguchi‐Watanabe Maiko , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore the association between workplace bullying and workplace environment factors among nurses in Japan.BackgroundWorkplace bullying among nurses is increasing globally and occurs more frequently than among other professions. However, there is little information on the impact of workplace environment factors on nurse bullying in Japan.DesignA cross‐sectional survey using a self‐administered questionnaire.MethodsParticipants were 1152 nurses recruited at seminars or training courses outside of their workplaces in Tokyo. Workplace bullying was measured using the Negative Acts Questionnaire‐Revised. Participants were considered to have been ‘bullied’ if they reported experiencing at least one negative act on a daily or weekly basis. Workplace environment factors were measured using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, which comprises five domains: nurse participation in hospital affairs; nursing foundations for quality of care; nurse manager ability, leadership and support of nurses; staffing and resource adequacy; and collegial nurse–physician relationships.ResultsA total of 898 (78·0%) questionnaires were returned, of which 825 (71·6%) were analysed. Altogether, 153 (18·5%) nurses were considered ‘bullied.’ The three most frequent negative acts reported as occurring on a weekly or daily basis were ‘someone withholding information which affects your performance’ (6·7%), ‘being exposed to an unmanageable workload’ (4·4%) and ‘being shouted at or being the target of spontaneous anger (or rage)’ (3·6%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that ‘bullied’ were associated with low scores on two work environment domains: nurse manager ability, leadership and support of nurses and staffing and resource adequacy.ConclusionsEffective nurse manager leadership and support as well as appropriate staffing management may positively influence workplace bullying among nurses in Japan. Authentic leadership styles and allowing nurses to easily request days off might also be important.Relevance to clinical practiceNurse managers’ leadership may influence nurses’ workplace bullying.
Perfusion‐Derived Dynamic 4D CT Angiography Identifies Carotid Pseudo‐Occlusion in Hyperacute Stroke
Authors: Ng Felix C. , Choi Philip M.C. , Datta Mineesh , Gilligan Amanda 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDDifferentiation between true acute tandem occlusion involving the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) from pseudotandem occlusion with a patent extracranial ICA has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. We explored the utility of perfusion‐derived 4‐dimensional CT angiogram (4D‐CTA) in identifying carotid pseudo‐occlusion in a single‐center pilot study.METHODSAcute stroke patients with delayed antegrade ICA flow on 4D‐CTA despite an apparent tandem occlusion on conventional single‐phase CTA were prospectively identified over a 2.5‐year period (2013‐2015).RESULTSEight patients were identified. Delayed antegrade intracranial flow from the apparently occluded ICA was detected up to 50 seconds after contrast administration on 4D‐CTA. The distal intracranial ICA was the most common site of true occlusion. Reconstruction of the 4D‐CTA images required an additional processing time of 2–3 minutes.CONCLUSIONS4D‐CTA is a novel noninvasive technique that can identify carotid pseudo‐occlusion in the acute stroke setting. Our preliminary findings suggest that 4D‐CTA can be easily incorporated into an existing acute stroke neuroimaging protocol.
How much do universal anthropometric standards bias the global monitoring of obesity and undernutrition?
Authors: Hruschka D. J. , Hadley C. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryEach year, hundreds of articles in population health and nutrition, many in high‐profile journals, use standard cutoffs based on weight and height as assessments of obesity and undernutrition. These global efforts to monitor overweight and underweight often rest on the assumption that ethnic differences in underlying body form are sufficiently small to permit universal anthropometric cutoffs for comparing excess and insufficient body fat across populations. However, a century of work in human biological variation suggests that human populations can vary dramatically in underlying body form in a way that may require population‐sensitive cutoffs for monitoring. Here, we describe recently developed methods that can provide population‐sensitive assessments of both excess and insufficient energy reserves in a wide range of countries. We use this approach to illustrate how worldwide variation in human body form is far more widespread than previously thought, and that it can occur at several geographic scales, including the level of world regions, countries and populations within countries. The findings also suggest that using standard cutoffs that ignore this variation can underestimate current obesity levels in adults by more than 400–500 million while also incorrectly prioritizing high‐risk areas for undernutrition in children in key regions around the world.
Occupational exposure to nitrous oxide during procedural pain control in children: a comparison of different inhalation techniques and scavenging systems
Authors: Messeri Andrea , Amore Elena , Dugheri Stefano , Bonari Alessandro , Pompilio Ilenia , Arcangeli Giulio , Rizzo Giuliana 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundNitrous oxide (N2O 50% in oxygen) is commonly used for painful procedures in children. Potential negative health effects associated with chronic workplace exposure limit its use. Safe occupational N2O exposure concentrations are below 25 ppm environmental concentration as a time‐weighted average (TWA) and below 200 ppm as a short‐time exposure level (STEL) of 15 min.AimThe aim was to assess occupational exposure of staff during nitrous oxide administration to children using different inhalation delivery devices and scavenging systems.MethodsStaff nitrous oxide exposure during use of a double face mask (DFM) with or without a demand valve (DV) was compared with a conventional single face mask (FM). We also compared exposure using the hospital central scavenging system with a portable evacuation system. N2O concentrations, representing exposure values, were monitored within proximity to staff. Urine N2O concentration was measured in staff administering the N2O at the end of the procedural session.ResultsThe mean and median values of TWA and STEL within the working area were lower than recommended values in the DFM (10.8, 11.6 ppm for TWA; 13.9, 11.0 ppm for STEL) and DFM‐DV groups (2.3, 2.8 ppm for TWA; 4.4, 3.5 ppm for STEL) using the portable evacuation system. The N2O urine exposure in DFM‐DV group was lower than DFM group: a mean difference of 9.56 ppm (95% CI 2.65–16.46). Staff N2O urinary concentrations were within safe biological limits in both the DFM and DFM‐DV groups. High exposure concentrations to N2O were recorded in all FM and FM‐DV environmental and biological samples.ConclusionsThe DFM system, with or without a DV, connected to a portable evacuation system during N2O administration to children for painful procedures kept N2O levels within the local environment below recommended limits.
Two Kinds of Feminist Philosophy
Authors: Zinkin Melissa 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article makes a distinction between two kinds of feminist philosophy. One looks ‘up’ to the realm of philosophy and aims to intervene in this realm in order to make it feminist. The other looks ‘down’ to the world of human experience and aims to make it feminist. This article argues that feminist philosophers’ efforts are better spent on the second kind of feminist philosophy. Feminist philosophy can better achieve its aims by applying philosophy to the critical analysis of women's lives and gender norms, rather than by attempting to change the discipline of philosophy itself.
What's wrong with promising to try?
Authors: Marušić Berislav 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThere is often something wrong with merely promising to try to φ. In this article I explain what is wrong with such promises. I argue that a promise to try to φ, when it is entirely up to us to φ, is always wrong because it hides a possible choice under the veil of our susceptibility to circumstances beyond our control. I furthermore argue that this is often also the case when matters are not entirely up to us. Finally, I contend that sometimes the promise to try places undue burdens on the promisee.
Genetic enhancement of palmitic acid accumulation in cotton seed oil through RNAi down‐regulation of ghKAS2 encoding β‐ketoacyl‐ACP synthase II (KASII)
Authors: Liu Qing , Wu Man , Zhang Baolong , Shrestha Pushkar , Petrie James , Green Allan G. , Singh Surinder P. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryPalmitic acid (C16:0) already makes up approximately 25% of the total fatty acids in the conventional cotton seed oil. However, further enhancements in palmitic acid content at the expense of the predominant unsaturated fatty acids would provide increased oxidative stability of cotton seed oil and also impart the high melting point required for making margarine, shortening and confectionary products free of trans fatty acids. Seed‐specific RNAi‐mediated down‐regulation of β‐ketoacyl‐ACP synthase II (KASII) catalysing the elongation of palmitoyl‐ACP to stearoyl‐ACP has succeeded in dramatically increasing the C16 fatty acid content of cotton seed oil to well beyond its natural limits, reaching up to 65% of total fatty acids. The elevated C16 levels were comprised of predominantly palmitic acid (C16:0, 51%) and to a lesser extent palmitoleic acid (C16:1, 11%) and hexadecadienoic acid (C16:2, 3%), and were stably inherited. Despite of the dramatic alteration of fatty acid composition and a slight yet significant reduction in oil content in these high‐palmitic (HP) lines, seed germination remained unaffected. Regiochemical analysis of triacylglycerols (TAG) showed that the increased levels of palmitic acid mainly occurred at the outer positions, while C16:1 and C16:2 were predominantly found in the sn‐2 position in both TAG and phosphatidylcholine. Crossing the HP line with previously created high‐oleic (HO) and high‐stearic (HS) genotypes demonstrated that HP and HO traits could be achieved simultaneously; however, elevation of stearic acid was hindered in the presence of high level of palmitic acid.
Increased salt tolerance with overexpression of cation/proton antiporter 1 genes: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Ma Yuan‐Chun , Augé Robert M. , Dong Chao , Cheng Zong‐Ming (Max) 
Published: July 2016

SummaryCation/proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) genes encode cellular Na+/H+ exchanger proteins, which act to adjust ionic balance. Overexpression of CPA1s can improve plant performance under salt stress. However, the diversified roles of the CPA1 family and the various parameters used in evaluating transgenic plants over‐expressing CPA1s make it challenging to assess the complex functions of CPA1s and their physiological mechanisms in salt tolerance. Using meta‐analysis, we determined how overexpression of CPA1s has influenced several plant characteristics involved in response and resilience to NaCl stress. We also evaluated experimental variables that favour or reduce CPA1 effects in transgenic plants. Viewed across studies, overexpression of CPA1s has increased the magnitude of 10 of the 19 plant characteristics examined, by 25% or more. Among the ten moderating variables, several had substantial impacts on the extent of CPA1 influence: type of culture media, donor and recipient type and genus, and gene family. Genes from monocotyledonous plants stimulated root K+, root K+/Na+, total chlorophyll, total dry weight and root length much more than genes from dicotyledonous species. Genes transformed to or from Arabidopsis have led to smaller CPA1‐induced increases in plant characteristics than genes transferred to or from other genera. Heterogeneous expression of CPA1s led to greater increases in leaf chlorophyll and root length than homologous expression. These findings should help guide future investigations into the function of CPA1s in plant salt tolerance and the use of genetic engineering for breeding of resistance.
Successful orthotopic heart transplantation using a donor heart with ALCAPA
Authors: Simmonds J. D. , Mustafa M. , Fajardo Jaramillo D. P. , Bellsham‐Revell H. R. , Marek J. , Burch M. , Tsang V. T. , Muthialu N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWith the imbalance between donation rates and potential recipients growing, transplant programs are increasingly using non‐ideal organs from so‐called marginal donors. This is the first reported case of the intentional use of a donor heart with ALCAPA. The recipient was aged one yr with restrictive cardiomyopathy who had been supported with BiVAD for over six months. Function of the donor left ventricle was shown to be well preserved, with no obvious signs of ischemia, except for a fibrotic layer on the anterolateral papillary muscle of the mitral valve. To prevent coronary steal, the anomalous left coronary artery ostium from the MPA was oversewn prior to implantation. The transplanted heart spontaneously regained sinus rhythm immediately following cross‐clamp release and showed good contractility from the first postoperative echocardiogram. The patient continues to do well 18 months post‐transplant, with excellent function on echocardiography, and good flow on coronary angiography.
(Don't) Mind the effort: Effects of contextual interference on ERP indicators of motor preparation
Authors: Frömer Romy , Stürmer Birgit , Sommer Werner 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMotor learning is associated with a decrease in frontal control‐related brain activity and increase of central and parietal motor‐related activity. Contextual interference (CI), manipulated typically by blocked versus randomized training schedules, affects motor learning, resulting in inferior performance during training but in superior performance during retention and transfer. The CI effect is often explained by increased processing demands under high CI training. Consistently, in the motor preparation phase, the activity of control‐ and attention‐related brain areas is increased under high CI. Here, we investigated the effect of CI on learning‐related changes in ERPs during motor preparation. Participants learned throwing at virtual targets and were tested for retention in the target condition 1 week later. The frontal P3 component decreased with learning during the first session and across sessions. In addition, there was a trend for a stronger reduction of P3 during retention after high CI training. Both initial and late contingent negative variation (iCNV and lCNV) amplitudes decreased with learning and showed a significantly stronger reduction under high CI. We conclude that CI modulates the interplay of cognitive and motor processes in the preparatory phase of motor learning and that a stronger involvement of cognitive processes during high CI training accounts for differential effects of CI on ERP indicators of motor preparation during retention.
Polyploidy: a missing link in the conversation about seed transfer of a commonly seeded native grass in western North America
Authors: Gibson Alexis L. , Fishman Lila , Nelson Cara R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe use of local, native plant materials is now common in restoration but testing for polyploidy in seed sources is not. Diversity in cytotypes across a landscape can pose special seed transfer challenges, because the methods used to determine genetically appropriate materials for seed transfer do not account for cytotypic variation. This lack of consideration may result in mixing cytotypes through revegetation, which could reduce long‐term population viability. We surveyed nine populations of a native bunchgrass, Pseudoroegneria spicata, in three EPA Level III Ecoregions in the western United States to determine the frequency of polyploidy, whether there are differences in traits (phenotype, fecundity, and mortality) among plants of different cytotypes, and whether cytotype frequency varies among ecoregions. We assessed trait variation over 2 years in a common garden and determined ploidy using flow cytometry. Polyploidy and mixed cytotype populations were common, and polyploids occurred in all ecoregions. Four of the nine populations were diploid. The other five had tetraploids present: three had only tetraploid individuals whereas two had mixed diploid/tetraploid cytotypes. There was significant variation in traits among cytotypes: plants from tetraploid populations were larger than diploid or mixed populations. The frequency and distribution of cytotypes make it likely that seed transfer in the study area will inadvertently mix diploid and polyploid cytotypes in this species. The increasing availability of flow cytometry may allow ploidy to be incorporated into native plant materials sourcing and seed transfer.
Understanding the Regulatory Roles of Natural Killer T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis: T Helper Cell Differentiation Dependent or Independent?
Authors: Chen J. , Yang J. , Qiao Y. , Li X. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic systemic autoimmune disease. This disease is thought to be caused by pathogenic T cells. Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. These Th cells differentiate from CD4+ T cells primarily due to the effects of cytokines. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct subset of lymphocytes that can rapidly secrete massive amount of cytokines, including IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐12 and IFN‐γ. Numerous studies showed that NKT cells can influence the differentiation of CD4+ T cells via cytokines in vitro. These findings suggest that NKT cells play an important role in RA by polarizing Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells. In view of the complexity of RA, we discussed whether NKT cells really influence the development of RA through regulating the differentiation of Th cells.
Damage Investigation in A319 Aluminium Alloy by X‐ray Tomography and Digital Volume Correlation during In Situ High‐Temperature Fatigue Tests
Authors: Dahdah N. , Limodin N. , El Bartali A. , Witz J. F. , Seghir R. , Charkaluk E. , Buffiere J. Y. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe aim of this work is to analyse the strain field heterogeneity in an aluminium alloy subjected to low‐cycle fatigue at high temperature. In the cylinder heads produced by a lost‐foam casting process, the microstructure of the studied alloy consists hard intermetallic phases and large gas and microshrinkage pores. In order to study the influence of this complex 3D microstructure on fatigue crack initiation and propagation at 250 °C, an experimental protocol using laboratory and synchrotron tomography, finite element simulation and a new digital volume correlation platform have been used. The results showed the role of pores in the crack nucleation and highlighted the importance of hard phases in the crack propagation, thanks to the resolution on the DVC measurement.
A sequence‐specific polymerase chain reaction method for HNA‐2 genotyping: homozygous c.843A>T mutation predicts the absence of CD177
Authors: Bayat Behnaz , Bein Gregor , Sachs Ulrich J. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDHuman neutrophil antigen‐2 is located on a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored receptor, CD177. Humans not expressing CD177 on their neutrophils may, under defined conditions, form isoantibodies. The genetic background for the absence of CD177 is not fully understood, and genetic screening of patients and donors is currently unavailable. A recent study has documented two mutations associated with CD177 absence: a nonsense polymorphism c.843A>T and a single‐base deletion c.1011delG.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSFirst, we aimed to demonstrate that these newly described mutations are indeed associated with the absence of CD177. DNA fragments from isoimmunized, CD177‐negative individuals were sequenced (n = 5). An additional five negative and 10 positive individuals were also analyzed. Second, we aimed to establish a sequence‐specific primer (SSP) polymerase chain reaction method for easy and rapid detection of these mutations.RESULTSNone of 10 CD177‐positive individuals, but four of 10 CD177‐negative individuals were homozygous for the A>T mutation at Position c.843, including three of five isoimmunized individuals. This finding is supportive for the reported association. Surprisingly, and in contrast to the initial report, c.1011delG was not detected in our cohort. Furthermore, a two‐step SSP method for c.843A>G was successfully established.CONCLUSIONc.843A>T, but not c.1011delG, is associated with the absence of CD177 in a significant number of individuals, including CD177‐isoimmunized women. The c.843A>T mutation is easily detectable by a newly established SSP, but screening for this mutation will only provide sufficient evidence for a final diagnosis in case of homozygosity for the c.843T allele.
Radiographic, Surgeon and Owner Assessment of the BioMedtrix TATE®Elbow Arthroplasty
Authors: De Sousa Ricardo J. R. , Parsons Kevin J. , Owen Martin R. , Grierson James , McKee W. Malcolm , Kulendra Elvin , Burton Neil J. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo report the long‐term radiographic and clinical outcome of the BioMedtrix TATE elbow arthroplasty system in dogs. Assessment was via radiographs, a surgeon‐based questionnaire, and owner assessment of outcome using the Liverpool osteoarthritis in dogs (LOAD) and canine brief pain inventory (CBPI) questionnaires.Study designRetrospective multicenter, case series.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs undergoing TATE elbow arthroplasty.MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed to surgeons in the United Kingdom performing TATE elbow arthroplasty and to the owners of the dogs operated on. Owners completed the LOAD and CBPI questionnaires. All completed questionnaires from surgeons and owners, and radiographs of the dogs were collated and analyzed.ResultsSurgeon questionnaires and radiographs were obtained for 33 elbows from 32 dogs, with owner questionnaires obtained for 19 dogs. Perioperative, short‐term, and mid‐term complication rates were 60%, 15%, and 15%, respectively. Radiographic assessment of component alignment showed 62% of cartridges were valgus or varus malaligned and 56% of cartridges were either translated medially or laterally relative to the long axis of the ulnar. There was no significant association between component alignment and final clinical outcome. Surgeon assessment reported 24% of dogs to have full, 52% acceptable, and 24% unacceptable outcome. Owner assessment showed significant decreases in pain severity and pain interference from preoperative to final status but no change in mobility scores.ConclusionsA high complication rate and variability in component placement was recorded with TATE athroplasty. However, component malalignment did not negatively impact clinical outcome. Final clinical outcome was favorable for most cases with significant reductions in pain severity and interference scores despite no changes in mobility scores.