bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification Of Road Accidents From The Perspective Of Vehicle Safety Systems
Authors: Jirovský Václav 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Modern road accident investigation and database structures are focused on accident analysis and classification from the point of view of the accident itself. The presented article offers a new approach, which will describe the accident from the point of view of integrated safety vehicle systems. Seven main categories have been defined to specify the level of importance of automated system intervention. One of the proposed categories is a new approach to defining the collision probability of an ego-vehicle with another object. This approach focuses on determining a 2-D reaction space, which describes all possible positions of the vehicle or other moving object in the specified amount of time in the future. This is to be used for defining the probability of the vehicles interacting - when the intersection of two reaction spaces exists, an action has to be taken on the side of ego-vehicle. The currently used 1-D quantity of TTC (time-to-collision) can be superseded by the new reaction space variable. Such new quantity, whose basic idea is described in the article, enables the option of counting not only with necessary braking time, but mitigation by changing direction is then easily feasible. Finally, transparent classification measures of a probable accident are proposed. Their application is highly effective not only during basic accident comparison, but also for an on-board safety system.
Crystal structure of 4-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl] benzenesulfonamide, C21H18FN3O3S
Authors: Aydın Abdullah , Bilginer Sinan , Gul Halise Inci , Akkurt Mehmet , Mete Ebru 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
C21H18FN3O3S, monoclinic, P 21 (no. 4), a = 11.6665(3) Å, b = 5.7483(2) Å, c = 14.7695(4) Å, α = 90°, β = 103.841(1)°, γ = 90°, V = 961.72(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0340, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0852, T = 296(2) K.
Predictors of Users’ Satisfaction with E-payment System: a Case Study of Staff at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Tella Adeyinka , Abdulmumin Isah 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Many organisations are using the e-payment system; however, its effectiveness has not been determined particularly in the Nigeria context. The University of Ilorin as educational organisation started using e-payment system in 2010 and up till now there has been limited or no study conducted to examine whether or not workers are satisfied with the new payment system together with other related ones they are familiar with. It is in the light of this that this study examined users’ satisfaction with the e-payment system at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria.

Design/Methodology/Approach: A sample of 260 academic and non-academic staff was taken from six out 12 faculties that made up the university. Using a survey research approach data was collected with a modified questionnaire. Five research questions were developed to guide the study.

Results: The results revealed that, respondents (93.5%) were adequately satisfied, satisfied and moderately satisfied, while, only (6.5%) of the respondents were less satisfied and dissatisfied. Perceived speed was identified as the characteristics users mostly satisfied with, followed by system security, traceability, and convenience. Moreover, there is significant correlation among the entire e-payment characteristics/factors (perceived speed, security, anonymity, traceability, perceived ease of payment, and convenience); and that all the six factors jointly predict users’ satisfaction with the e-payment system. In order of magnitude of the prediction/contribution to e-payment, users’ satisfaction, perceived speed made the most significant prediction/contribution.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study concluded a considerable percentage of the respondents (93.5%) are satisfied with the e-payment system at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. In lieu of this therefore, there is need to improve the e-payment system so that all and sundry could be satisfied.
From cashew nut shell wastes to high value chemicals
Authors: Mubofu Egid B. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The amount of waste generated in cashew nut processing factories has caused serious problems for a long time. However, this situation is about to change because they are being turned into an opportunity by a variety of bio-based chemicals. Todate, cashew nut shells (CNS) have proven to be among the most versatile renewable resource as they produce cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). CNSL which is a dark reddish brown viscous liquid (ca. 30–35 wt%) is extracted from the soft honeycomb of the CNS. The shells have been regarded as a by-product of the cashew industry though now it is a cheaper source of natural unsaturated phenols. CNSL offers a multitude of interesting possibilities for the synthesis of speciality chemicals, high value products and polymers. Our recent research efforts have demonstrated that its constituents can be transformed into diverse functional chemicals. This paper reports some key results on how cashew nut shells (an agro waste from cashew nut processing factories) have been employed to produce several functional materials and chemicals. The materials that are highlighted include the synthesis of 3-propylphenol from cardanol and anacardic acid, some polymers prepared from CNSL components, heterogeneous catalysts prepared using CNSL as a templating agent and anacardic acid capped chalcogenide nanoparticles.
Von der Mitteilungsgemeinschaft zur Intersubjektivität
Authors: Buongiorno Federica 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Meine Absicht ist es, eine besondere Seite der phänomenologischen Konstitution im Bereich der Intersubjektivität zu untersuchen: Es geht um die erste Stufe dieser Konstitution, die Husserl im Rahmen seiner Studien in einigen Texten über die Intersubjektivität als „Phänomenologie der Mitteilungsgemeinschaft“ bezeichnet. Diese erweist sich als Grundform jeder Gemeinschaft und setzt die phänomenologischen Prozesse der Einfühlung voraus. Ich möchte die konstitutive Rolle der Einfühlung analysieren, um den Übergang von der vorsozialen zur sozialen Subjektivität und die damit verbundene Paradoxie zu beleuchten. Ausgehend von der anthropologischen Frage, die meiner Deutung nach der Theorie der Intersubjektivität zugrundeliegt, werde ich zeigen, wie Husserl sowohl den Menschen (d. h. die anthropologische Dimension des Lebens) als auch das Subjekt (d. h. die erkenntnistheoretische Dimension des Lebens) philosophisch begreift. Dabei kann man auch die mögliche Eignung der phänomenologischen Methode im sozialen Kontext auswerten.
Love, Rights, and Solidarity: Sports’ Potential for Recognition
Authors: Andersen Wivi 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Sport occupies a central role in modern society. Philosophers of sport suggest that sport can offer a realm of play by being structurally and logically independent from everyday life. But what ethical values can sport be seen to offer us, if any? Explanations are sought based on Honneth’s theory of recognition. Honneth views the presence of three forms of recognition - love, rights, and solidarity - as necessary conditions not only for a just society, but also for a society in which human beings can realize their potential and experience life as being good. Based on Honneth, I argue that sport can be seen as an arena with potential for an aggregated form of recognition. If practiced in the right way, sport has the potential to realize all three forms of recognition inherent in society.
Preparation and characterization of polystyrene-MgAl layered double hydroxide nanocomposites using bulk polymerization
Authors: Benaddi Hadja , Benachour Djafer , Grohens Yves 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Polymer/mineral filler nanocomposites are more and more used for diverse applications. As mineral fillers, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) present a great advantage as flame retardants from an environmental point a view (reduction of smoke and toxic gases). This article deals with the use of LDH as flame retardants as compared to montmorillonite (MMT). In situ bulk polymerization of styrene was carried out in the presence of MgAl LDH modified with dodecyl sulfate (DDS) and dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS) surfactants. LDH concentrations used were lower than 10 wt.%. X-ray diffraction analysis of the LDH-styrene suspensions revealed the monomer intercalation into the DDS-LDH galleries and a slight decrease in the DBS-LDH basal spacing. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the polymerization occurred outside the DBS-LDH galleries, leading to exfoliation of the layers on the outer surface of LDH platelets. DDS-LDH particles were trapped in the PS polymer. The thermal stability effect was observed for all LDH nanocomposites by thermogravimetric analysis. Cone calorimetry measurements revealed that only the DBS-LDH nanofiller resulted in a reduction of the peak heat released rate (PHHR) and a decrease of smoke released. DBS-LDH/PS exhibited fire properties close to those of clay-PS nanocomposite at 7 wt.% montmorillonite. The PHRR reduction remained small and the total heat release rate constant at 7 wt.% DBS-LDH loading.
Qualitative Behaviour of Generalised Beddington Model
Authors: Din Qamar , Khan Muhammad Adil , Saeed Umer 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This work is related to the dynamics of a discrete-time density-dependent generalised Beddington model. Moreover, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of positive equilibrium point, boundedness character, local and global behaviours of unique positive equilibrium point, and the rate of convergence of positive solutions that converge to the unique positive equilibrium point of this model. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate theoretical discussion.
Validity and Reliability of the PUSH Wearable Device to Measure Movement Velocity During the Back Squat Exercise
Authors: Balsalobre-Fernández Carlos , Kuzdub Matt , Poveda-Ortiz Pedro , Campo-Vecino Juan del 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Balsalobre-Fernández, C, Kuzdub, M, Poveda-Ortiz, P, and Campo-Vecino, Jd. Validity and reliability of the PUSH wearable device to measure movement velocity during the back squat exercise. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1968–1974, 2016—The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity and reliability of a wearable device to measure movement velocity during the back squat exercise. To do this, 10 recreationally active healthy men (age = 23.4 ± 5.2 years; back squat 1 repetition maximum [1RM] = 83 ± 8.2 kg) performed 3 repetitions of the back squat exercise with 5 different loads ranging from 25 to 85% 1RM on a Smith Machine. Movement velocity for each of the total 150 repetitions was simultaneously recorded using the T-Force linear transducer (LT) and the PUSH wearable band. Results showed a high correlation between the LT and the wearable device mean (r = 0.85; standard error of estimate [SEE] = 0.08 m·s−1) and peak velocity (r = 0.91, SEE = 0.1 m·s−1). Moreover, there was a very high agreement between these 2 devices for the measurement of mean (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.907) and peak velocity (ICC = 0.944), although a systematic bias between devices was observed (PUSH peak velocity being −0.07 ± 0.1 m·s−1 lower, p ≤ 0.05). When measuring the 3 repetitions with each load, both devices displayed almost equal reliability (Test–retest reliability: LT [r = 0.98], PUSH [r = 0.956]; ICC: LT [ICC = 0.989], PUSH [ICC = 0.981]; coefficient of variation [CV]: LT [CV = 4.2%], PUSH [CV = 5.0%]). Finally, individual load-velocity relationships measured with both the LT (R
2 = 0.96) and the PUSH wearable device (R
2 = 0.94) showed similar, very high coefficients of determination. In conclusion, these results support the use of an affordable wearable device to track velocity during back squat training. Wearable devices, such as the one in this study, could have valuable practical applications for strength and conditioning coaches.
Small Beneficial Effect of Caffeinated Energy Drink Ingestion on Strength
Authors: Collier Nora B. , Hardy Michelle A. , Millard-Stafford Mindy L. , Warren Gordon L. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Collier, NB, Hardy, MA, Millard-Stafford, ML, and Warren, GL. Small beneficial effect of caffeinated energy drink ingestion on strength. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1862–1870, 2016—Because caffeine ingestion has been found to increase muscle strength, our aim was to determine whether caffeine when combined with other potential ergogenic ingredients, such as those in commercial energy drinks, would have a similar effect. Fifteen young healthy subjects were used in a double-blind, repeated-measures experimental design. Each subject performed 3 trials, ingesting either a caffeinated energy drink, an uncaffeinated version of the drink, or a placebo drink. The interpolated twitch procedure was used to assess maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength, electrically evoked strength, and percent muscle activation during MVIC of the knee extensors both before and after drink ingestion, and after a fatiguing bout of contractions; electromyographic (EMG) amplitude of the knee extensors during MVIC was also assessed. The mean (±SE) change in MVIC strength from before to after drink ingestion was significantly greater for the caffeinated energy drink compared with placebo [+5.0 (±1.7) vs. −0.5 (±1.5)%] and the difference between the drinks remained after fatigue (p = 0.015); the strength changes for the uncaffeinated energy drink were not significantly different from those of the other 2 drinks at any time. There was no significant effect of drink type on the changes in electrically evoked strength, percent muscle activation, and EMG from before to after drink ingestion. This study indicates that a caffeinated energy drink can increase MVIC strength but the effect is modest and the strength increase cannot be attributed to increased muscle activation. Whether the efficacy of energy drinks can be attributed solely to caffeine remains unclear.
Altruismo vs. egoísmo en la educación humanista
Authors: Pérez Andrés , Rodríguez Vanezza , Sotelo Fernando 
Published: December 2015

<p align="justify">La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento altruista fren- te al egoísta de los individuos1 en dos situaciones determinadas. En la primera, estos sujetos definen, según su criterio, si son o no altruistas, mientras que en la segunda, dicha consideración está mediada por la donación de unas horas de clases para los niños de la población más vulnerable de Altos de Cazucá, esta condición se encuentra sujeta a unos incentivos monetarios que están atados a un sistema de cooperación entre los demás individuos. Para lo anterior, se diseña un experimento con base en los documentos revisados de la literatura de economía experimental, a partir de allí la información reco- lectada es contrastada mediante un modelo econométrico de Probit Binomial. A final se concluye que los resultados difieren entre las dos situaciones planteadas2 por problemas de riesgo moral.</p><p align="justify"><strong><br /></strong></p><p align="justify"> </p>
Condiciones subjetivas de bienestar, felicidad y autopercepción de la pobreza en Colombia (2007-2012)
Authors: Moncada Silvia Esperanza Botello , Mahecha Lilia Stella Quintero 
Published: December 2015

<p align="justify">Este trabajo realiza un estudio de las condiciones de vida de las personas a través del Índice de Calidad de Vida y la relación con los indicadores subjetivos de bienestar: felicidad, satisfacción, y autopercepción de pobreza. Los resultados muestran que exis- ten diferencias en las condiciones de bienestar entre las regiones del país. Las peores condiciones de bienestar se encontraron en la Atlántica y la Pacífica, y las zonas de mejores indicadores son Bogotá, Valle del Cauca y San Andrés. La relación positiva entre los indicadores objetivos de bienestar y la felicidad no es un patrón permanente en todas las regiones, sino que es muy claro en los extremos inferiores de la distribución, como en el caso de la región Pacífica. Esto indica que después de un punto de inflexión donde las necesidades básicas son cubiertas, la felicidad empieza a ser determinada por factores no materiales, entre los que se encuentran la relación con los amigos, la familia, la posibilidad de tomar decisiones, la dignidad, el barrio o comunidad y la capacidad de ayudar a los demás.</p>
La economía política del tamaño del Estado
Authors: Álvarez Mireya Bermeo 
Published: December 2015

<p align="justify">Este documento ofrece un análisis crítico de las definiciones de los determinantes po- líticos del tamaño del Estado, entendido como el gasto público del Gobierno nacional que se vincula a diferentes variables políticas más que económicas. Así, el gasto público corresponde con los deseos, solicitudes o demanda de los votantes por redistribución, y a su vez los gobernantes buscan maximizar su propio beneficio. </p><p align="justify">Esta investigación se aparta de la concepción de un gobierno benefactor o benevolente, cuyo propósito fundamental es buscar la maximización del bienestar social.</p>
Evaluación y medición de la calidad de gestión en las cajas rurales Alcance y sustentabilidad
Authors: Hernández Martha , Lacruz Gerardo A. Colmenares 
Published: December 2015

<p align="justify">El presente artículo destaca el beneficio y buen funcionamiento del programa microfi- nanciero denominado Cajas Rurales. Además de un estudio comparativo, para observar las fortalezas y debilidades que ellas presentan, se desarrolla la construcción del modelo “Evaluación y medición de la calidad de gestión de las Cajas Rurales” (EMCGCR). El diagnóstico preliminar indica que las cajas son una organización microfinanciera sus- tentable en los sectores rurales. Los resultados han desmoronado el mito: “los pobres no pagan”; reportan tasas de morosidad muy bajas. Para reforzar cuantitativamente esta conclusión se emplearon alternativamente técnicas de análisis multivariante y de inte- ligencia artificial. Se comprobó la eficiencia de las cajas y además, que ambas técnicas permitieron clasificar con alto desempeño la sustentabilidad de las cajas estudiadas.</p><p> </p>
Impact of scaling and root planing with adjunct essential-oil-based mouthwash usage on whole salivary IgG levels in patients with periodontal inflammation
Authors: Alshehri Mohammad , Altalhi Abdulaziz , Alqahtani Hadi J. , Almoither Meteab A. , Alhazzani Saad A. , Almohammadi Mohammad Maish , Kujan Omar 
Published: December 2015

Objective
The aim was to assess the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) with and without adjunct use of an essential-oil-basedmouthwash (EOBM) on whole salivary immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in patients with periodontal inflammation.

Methods
Fifty patients with periodontal inflammation were included. Treatment wise, these patients were randomly divided into two groups. In group 1, patients underwent SRP and were instructed to rinse with 10 mL of an EOBM twice daily for 30 days, whereas those in group 2 underwent SRP and were instructed to rinse with 10 mL of water twice daily for 30 days. Whole saliva samples were collected at baseline and after 40 days of treatment. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
At baseline, whole salivary IgG levels were comparable among patients in groups 1 (60.5 ± 5.5 mg/dL) and 2 (57.3 ± 2.4 mg/dL). After 40 days of follow-up, there is a significant decrease in whole salivary IgG levels among patients in group 1 (7.2 ± 2.4 mg/dL) as compared to those in group 2 (26.6 ± 4.6 mg/dL) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
SRP, when performed with adjunct use of an EOBM, is more effective in reducing whole salivary IgG levels as compared to when SRP is performed without adjunct use of an EOBM.
Bringing Model-Based Prediction to Oncology Clinical Practice: A Review of Pharmacometrics Principles and Applications
Authors: Buil-Bruna Núria , López-Picazo José-María , Martín-Algarra Salvador , Trocóniz Iñaki F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDespite much investment and progress, oncology is still an area with significant unmet medical needs, with new therapies and more effective use of current therapies needed. The emergent field of pharmacometrics combines principles from pharmacology (pharmacokinetics [PK] and pharmacodynamics [PD]), statistics, and computational modeling to support drug development and optimize the use of already marketed drugs. Although it has gained a role within drug development, its use in clinical practice remains scarce. The aim of the present study was to review the principal pharmacometric concepts and provide some examples of its use in oncology. Integrated population PK/PD/disease progression models as part of the pharmacometrics platform provide a powerful tool to predict outcomes so that the right dose can be given to the right patient to maximize drug efficacy and reduce drug toxicity. Population models often can be developed with routinely collected medical record data; therefore, we encourage the application of such models in the clinical setting by generating close collaborations between physicians and pharmacometricians.
ACTIVE TEACHING-LEARNING METHODOLOGY TO APPROACH CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM: An interdisciplinary strategy that involved the Moodle tool in the development of Problem Based Learning
Authors: Borges J. M.P. , El Bacha R. , Costa M F. , Freire E. 
Published: December 2015

Highlight the relevance of topics studied for professional practice and associate approaches provided by different areas of knowledge are pointed as essential aspects for significant learning. Contextualize the study of metabolic pathways, linking the clinical use and expanding the vision with the approach of cellular and molecular biology discipline was the motivation for the development of the strategy described and evaluated here. In this work, starting from the concept of active methodology of teaching and learning was developed a methodological strategy to approach the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. This strategy included: questioning the content through the clinical case study on diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, individual and collective study in the external space the classroom with the help of Moodle tool, classroom discussion accompanied by the teacher, preparation of seminar, evaluation of the content through individual written test and evaluation of the method. Analysis of student involvement with method indicates an average frequency of 98% in the practical class of Biochemistry discipline, effective participation in the preparation of seminars, an increase of 2 points in average of individual written evaluation. As for the fact that the cases were studied in two curricular components, the answers show that 92% of students feel more compression. Only 6% of students think unnecessary to interdisciplinary approach. As for the different steps of the method, the answers show that 99% of students consider how relevant the initial self-study and discussions in class. However, only 50% of students appreciated the use of Moodle tool. Thus, student responses indicated the perception of the effectiveness of the method for their ability to: stimulate interest in learning, stimulate the search for answers through research and the building of learning.