bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isomorfismo e sustentabilidade: análise nas empresas do setor elétrico brasileiro
Authors: Silva Nathállya Etyenne Figueira , Coelho Pedro Felipe da Costa , Cavalcante Carlos Eduardo 
Published: October 2016

As organizações tendem a utilizar procedimentos e modelos de outras empresas, já institucionalizados num dado campo, resultando em características isomórficas, de acordo com a teoria institucional. Essa temática tem sido bastante disseminada quando se trata de práticas empresariais sustentáveis, e algumas organizações têm buscado adaptar seus interesses para equilibrar as dimensões econômica, social e ambiental. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se neste estudo analisar como ocorre o isomorfismo nos relatórios de sustentabilidade das empresas do setor elétrico que compõem o ISE. Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa e procedeu-se a uma pesquisa descritiva por meio da análise documental de tais relatórios entre o período de 2011 a 2014. Os resultados encontrados revelam presença de isomorfismo coercitivo e normativo nos relatórios das dez empresas analisadas, decorrente de pressões formais e informais e da necessidade de vinculação profissional compreendida por essas organizações.
Investigation of the Virulence Factors and Molecular Characterization of the Clonal Relations of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates
Authors: Ali Hayssam M , Salem Mohamed Z M , El-Shikh Mohamed S , Megeed Ahmed Abdel , Alogaibi Yahya A , Talea Ibrahim Ahmed 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infections are a great public health concern and demand continuous surveillance and antibiotic stewardship. Virulence traits and the pathogenicity of Acinetobacter are less studied compared with the molecular epidemiological and antibiotic resistance profile of this organism. In our present study, we investigated the primary characteristics contributing to the virulence of MDR A. baumannii isolates and compared them with avirulent isolates. Atotal of 32 well-characterized MDR A. baumannii clinical isolates and 22 avirulent isolates from a healthy individual were subjected to multilocus sequence typing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for a variety of biofilm-associated genes. Additionally, a number of in vitro tests were performed to determine virulence properties. Isolates were found to relate to six sequence types (STs) in which the dominant sequence was ST557 in clinical isolates, followed by ST195 and ST208. However, ST557 and ST222 were absent in avirulent isolates. All STs belonged to clonal complex 2 and clonal lineage 2, which is considered to be a universal clone. PCR analysis showed that most clinical isolates were positive for biofilm-forming genes, such as csu and bap, and also carried pga and ompA genes, which were less common in avirulentisolates. Biofilm formation, phospholipase C production, hemolytic activity, and acinetobactin production occurred significantly more frequently in clinical isolates compared with avirulent isolates. Though A. baumannii clonal lineages showed common virulence traits, they differed in virulent phenotype expression. These findings further support previous studies indicating that A. baumannii is a versatile pathogen with an ability to acquire iron and survive in iron-limiting conditions, highlighting the acinetobactin-mediated iron acquisition mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of A. baumannii infections.
Multiresidue Analysis of Five Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Their Primary Metabolite in Cucumbers and Soil Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection
Authors: Abdel-Ghany Maha F , Hussein Lobna A , El Azab Noha F 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A sensitive, selective, and validated HPLC–diode-array detection method was developed for the simultaneous determination of five neonicotinoid insecticides—acetamiprid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, flonicamid, and thiacloprid—and their primary metabolite, 6-chloronicotinic acid, incucumbers and soil based on the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) technique as a pretreatment procedure. In the QuEChERS procedure, cucumber samples were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned using C18, whereas soil samples were extracted with an acetonitrile–dichloromethane mixture (1 + 2). The HPLC conditions were optimized by separating neonicotinoids using an acetonitrile–water mixture (25 + 75) and a Synergi Hydro RP C18 column. Matrix-matched calibrationstandards were prepared in cucumber and soil to eliminate any matrix interference. RSDs were ≤9% in all recovery tests. LODs and LOQs for the five neonicotinoids were in the ranges of 0.006–0.122 and 0.018–0.366 μg/g, respectively. This method was successfully applied to determine residues, the rate of disappearance of the five neonicotinoids from cucumber and soil, and the half-lives of the neonicotinoids.
Survey of Thai Commercial Food Products That Have Been Reported to Contain No Wheat, Rye, Barley, or Gluten According to Their Labels
Authors: Surojanametakul Vipa , Srikulnath Sirinrat , Chamnansin Pailin , Shoji Masahiro , Tamura Hirotoshi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) and gluten-related disorders are significant health and social issues in Western countries, and CD individuals need to exclude gluten from their diets. The adverse health impacts of CD have extended to Asian countries in which CD was not a problem previously. Thai commercial food products that do not contain wheat, rye, barley, or gluten on their labels were surveyed as to whether they were suitable for CD individuals by examining the absence of gluten or the presence of gluten &lt;20 ppm. In Thailand, ELISA tested for gluten content in 129 commercial food products that contained neither wheat, rye, barley, nor gluten on their labels. One hundred nineteen of these 129 products included &lt;20 ppm gluten, and 10 products contained &gt;20 ppm gluten. Surprisingly, four products showed gluten levels &gt;1%. In these 10 products, wheat presence was confirmed by PCR analysis. Our survey suggests that CD individuals can consume most of the examined Thai food products, and the survey showed the potential of these Thai products as new diets for CD patients so as toexpand the limited food choices from different food cultures, and ultimately to improve the quality of life for all CD individuals globally. The appropriate gluten management strategies need to be implemented by Thai food manufacturers to ensure accurate labeling and to protect the safety of consumers with CD.
Molecular dynamics study on fluorine radical multilayer adsorption mechanism during Si, SiO2, and Si3N4 etching processes
Authors: Numazawa Satoshi , Machida Ken , Isobe Michiro , Hamaguchi Satoshi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The surface adsorption processes of fluorine (F) radicals on silicon (Si), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and silicon nitride (Si3N4) substrates during reactive ion etching (RIE) with F incident flux have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with bond-order potential functions. In such processes, F radicals are trapped on adsorption sites and thin mixing layers are formed. The radicals break existing bonds near the surface and new trapping sites are generated with specific probabilities. By introducing an extended Langmuir adsorption model, the multilayer adsorption mechanism during etching has been elucidated. The newly proposed Langmuir model takes into account this dynamical site generation by considering two different states of the F mixing layer. The adsorption–desorption processes predicted by the extended Langmuir model are compared with MD simulation results.
Epitaxial growth and electric properties of γ-Al2O3(110) films on β-Ga2O3(010) substrates
Authors: Hattori Mai , Oshima Takayoshi , Wakabayashi Ryo , Yoshimatsu Kohei , Sasaki Kohei , Masui Takekazu , Kuramata Akito , Yamakoshi Shigenobu , Horiba Koji , Kumigashira Hiroshi , Ohtomo Akira 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Epitaxial growth and electrical properties of γ-Al2O3 films on β-Ga2O3(010) substrates were investigated regarding the prospect of a gate oxide in a β-Ga2O3-based MOSFET. The γ-Al2O3 films grew along the [110] direction and inherited the oxygen sublattice from β-Ga2O3 resulting in the unique in-plane epitaxial relationship of γ-Al2O3

∥ β-Ga2O3[001]. We found that the γ-Al2O3 layer had a band gap of 7.0 eV and a type-I band alignment with β-Ga2O3 with conduction- and valence-band offsets of 1.9 and 0.5 eV, respectively. A relatively high trap density (≅ 2 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1) was found from the voltage shift of photoassisted capacitance–voltage curves measured for a Au/γ-Al2O3/β-Ga2O3 MOS capacitor. These results indicate good structural and electric properties and some limitations hindering the better understanding of the role of the gate dielectrics (a γ-Al2O3 interface layer naturally crystallized from amorphous Al2O3) in the β-Ga2O3 MOSFET.
Changes in snow distribution and surface topography following a snowstorm on Antarctic sea ice
Authors: Trujillo Ernesto , Leonard Katherine , Maksym Ted , Lehning Michael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSnow distribution over sea ice is an important control on sea ice physical and biological processes. We combine measurements of the atmospheric boundary layer and blowing snow on an Antarctic sea ice floe with terrestrial laser scanning to characterize a typical storm and its influence on the spatial patterns of snow distribution at resolutions of 1–10 cm over an area of 100 m × 100 m. The pre‐storm surface exhibits multidirectional elongated snow dunes formed behind aerodynamic obstacles. Newly deposited dunes are elongated parallel to the predominant wind direction during the storm. Snow erosion and deposition occur over 62% and 38% of the area, respectively. Snow deposition volume is more than twice that of erosion (351 m3versus 158 m3), resulting in a modest increase of 2 ± 1 cm in mean snow depth, indicating a small net mass gain despite large mass relocation. Despite significant local snow depth changes due to deposition and erosion, the statistical distributions of elevation and the two‐dimensional correlation functions remain similar to those of the pre‐storm surface. Pre‐storm and post‐storm surfaces also exhibit spectral power law relationships with little change in spectral exponents. These observations suggest that for sea ice floes with mature snow cover features under conditions similar to those observed in this study, spatial statistics and scaling properties of snow surface morphology may be relatively invariant. Such an observation, if confirmed for other ice types and conditions, may be a useful tool for model parameterizations of the subgrid variability of sea ice surfaces.
Exploring the impacts of physics and resolution on aqua‐planet simulations from a nonhydrostatic global variable‐resolution modeling framework
Authors: Zhao Chun , Leung L. Ruby , Park Sang‐Hun , Hagos Samson , Lu Jian , Sakaguchi Koichi , Yoon Jinho , Harrop Bryce E. , Skamarock William , Duda Michael G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe nonhydrostatic Model for Prediction Across Scales (NH‐MPAS) provides a global framework to achieve high resolution using regional mesh refinement. Previous studies using the hydrostatic version of MPAS (H‐MPAS) with the physics parameterizations of Community Atmosphere Model version 4 (CAM4) found notable resolution‐dependent behaviors. This study revisits the resolution sensitivity using NH‐MPAS with both CAM4 and CAM5 physics. A series of aqua‐planet simulations at global quasiuniform resolutions and global variable resolution with a regional mesh refinement over the tropics are analyzed, with a primary focus on the distinct characteristics of NH‐MPAS in simulating precipitation, clouds, and large‐scale circulation features compared to H‐MPAS‐CAM4. The resolution sensitivity of total precipitation and column integrated moisture in NH‐MPAS is smaller than that in H‐MPAS‐CAM4. This contributes importantly to the reduced resolution sensitivity of large‐scale circulation features such as the intertropical convergence zone and Hadley circulation in NH‐MPAS compared to H‐MPAS. In addition, NH‐MPAS shows almost no resolution sensitivity in the simulated westerly jet, in contrast to the obvious poleward shift in H‐MPAS with increasing resolution, which is partly explained by differences in the hyperdiffusion coefficients used in the two models that influence wave activity. With the reduced resolution sensitivity, simulations in the refined region of the NH‐MPAS global variable resolution configuration exhibit zonally symmetric features that are more comparable to the quasiuniform high‐resolution simulations than those from H‐MPAS that displays zonal asymmetry in simulations inside the refined region. Overall, NH‐MPAS with CAM5 physics shows less resolution sensitivity compared to CAM4.
Dialogue Theory
Authors: Arnett Ronald C. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Dialogue finds life through prior and continuing dialogues; meaning is discovered through responses to narratives and emergent questions within historical existence, which arbitrate demands within a proximate dialogic occasion. Explication of this perspective situates dialogue within a postmodern moment, connects it to Buber's historical account of the development of the term, frames the ethical implications of this form of communicative practice, reviews dialogic scholarship within the field of communication, and concludes with an examination of the importance of monologue within a postmodern/hypertextual understanding of dialogic theory.
Hermeneutics
Authors: Wilson Tony 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe hermeneutics of human behavior considers understanding as fundamentally constituted by using. Entities are primarily experienced as equipment. Understanding is incorporated in practices—as embodied and equipped, little reflected upon, projecting and producing participatory meaning. From authoring on social media to walking in a shopping mall, people engage behaviorally through understanding‐in‐use, a habitually assuming and articulating sense for surroundings. Hermeneutics (particularly Heideggerian) is the philosophical source of practices and reception theory, which is now influential across academic territory from business to media schools, marketing to sociology.
Ethnomethodology
Authors: ten Have Paul 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This chapter presents ethnomethodology as a specific kind of sociology that studies the largely implicit methods that members of a setting use when creating and maintaining the recognizably orderly properties of that setting. Ethnomethodology was developed in the United States by Harold Garfinkel and has influenced sociologists around the globe. It has been a major influence on the development of conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis. Its core message is that recognizability, meaningfulness, and orderliness are inherent in all everyday, routinely enacted practices in and of any setting.
Objectivity and Subjectivity
Authors: Anderson James 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Objectivity and subjectivity are normative values attached to the practice of research and scholarship. Objectivity can be understood as the normative value attached to claim as being independent of personal and procedural bias. Subjectivity can be understood as the normative value attached to claim as being competently embedded in a cultural location. This entry looks at the relationship of these two terms in the domain of empirical research.
Heidegger,Martin
Authors: Hyde Michael J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis entry offers a brief discussion of Heidegger's phenomenological appreciation of communication, language, and rhetoric. A key text here is Heidegger's 1924 lecture on Aristotle's philosophy. In his later philosophy Heidegger moved away from rhetorical concerns to emphasize poetry and its orientation to the disclosing of truth. Heidegger's involvement with National Socialism in the 1930s has stained his philosophical project up to the present time. Nevertheless, he is considered one the most influential philosophers of the 20th century.
Daoism
Authors: Gunaratne Shelton A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis entry traces the growth of Daoism in China as a competing religio‐philosophy side by side with Confucianism and Buddhism since the 1st centuryce. It examines the six principles of communication that make Daoism different from those adopted in the West. It focuses on the potential of Daoism as a source for constructing a unique set of criteria for evaluating rhetoric and the potential of applying the Daoist notion ofziran‐wuweias an essential characteristic of mindful journalism, a new genre of journalism based on Buddhism's Four Noble Truths. It faults the libertarian press theory for omitting to note the role of Daoism in promoting libertarianism.
Schramm,Wilbur
Authors: McAnany Emile G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWilbur Schramm is considered a founder of the field of modern communication study. In 1948 he created the first graduate program in mass communication at the University of Illinois, but he also began to establish the discipline with his many early books designated as communication. He was an able administrator and remarkable fund‐raiser who built academic programs at Iowa and Illinois and then at Stanford and the East–West Center in Hawaii over 40 years. He made significant contributions in development and social change, education and media, and helped to create public television in the United States. He is a key figure in the history of a field that has become global in the 21st century.
Meme
Authors: Olesen Mogens 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
“Meme” is a term that defines a cultural counterpart to the biological gene. Memetics is a study field that understands culture as an evolution in homology similar to biological evolution. Accordingly, memes are seen as units of cultural information that partake in a selection battle to be spread among the minds of human beings. Although the scientific value of the meme concept has been widely questioned in academic contexts, the meme has proven effective in practical use, as demonstrated by widespread use of “Internet memes.”
F
estinger,
L
eon
Authors: Donsbach Wolfgang , Mothes Cornelia 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Leon Festinger was one of the most important figures in modern social psychology. He contributed seminal theoretical and methodological innovations to the field that today are still crucial for our understanding of human behavior. Among Festinger's most influential works rank his social comparison theory and the theory of cognitive dissonance. Although Festinger himself never showed a particular interest in media‐related phenomena, his influence on the respective discipline is tremendous and has further gained in importance with the advent of the Internet.
Trait Theories
Authors: Beatty Michael J. , Pascual‐Ferrá Paola 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis entry reviews the trait theory tradition in the discipline of communication. Specifically, a general overview of the concept of traits is provided; types of traits (behavioral, emotional, and cognitive) are differentiated; theoretical positions regarding the origin and development of traits are summarized; issues regarding the relationship between traits and behavior are examined; and weaknesses and limitations to current trait theory and research are considered.
Hypertext, Hypermedia
Authors: Koskimaa Raine 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Vannevar Bush first formulated the idea of a system where individual text passages could be linked to each other to form networked documents. The idea was further developed and adapted to the digital computer environment. Theodore Nelson defined “hypertext” as a collection of text chunks connected with links, and which offered the reader a choice in which order to follow the links. Hypermedia is an extension of hypertext, where the linked content may take any audiovisual form. Hypertext frees the author of the linear logic of regular text, and also gives the reader the freedom to choose which parts of the document, and in which order, to read. Claims have been made that hypertext is the most general form of writing, and there is a body of creative writing experimenting with hypertext. The World Wide Web is based on hypertextual structure embodied in the hypertext markup language (HTML) and the hypertext transfer protocol (http).
Software
Authors: Mogensen Torben Ægidius 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSoftwareis a term collectively used for all kinds of programs that run on a computer on all levels from operating systems and device drivers to end‐user applications. This is in contrast tohardware, which covers the physical (electronic) components that are used to build a computer. Programs are represented as data that are interpreted either by hardware or by other programs that, in turn, are interpreted by hardware. As computers have proliferated and become more capable, the number of software products has undergone massive growth in a global market. At the same time, the social impact of computers and software has deepened, as many everyday activities now involve digital interactions using software on computers of all kinds.
History
Authors: Nord David Paul 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe first communication theorists were historians, writing in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries about the power of print in the age of the Enlightenment. In the twentieth century mass communication research, especially in the United States, moved away from history and toward the social sciences. But then in recent decades history came back into communication research, mainly because of developments in postmodern philosophy. In other words, after abandoning history in the quest for theories unbound by time and space, communication research in the late twentieth century, like most of the social sciences, was rehistoricized. This entry explores that on‐again, off‐again relationship between the discipline of history and mass communication research and theory over the past 200 years.
Information
Authors: Ritchie L. David 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the social science of communication, the concept ofinformationis closely related to concepts ofmeaningandrelevancein the study ofsocial interaction. However, the concept of information is often understood in terms of a theory, developed by Claude Shannon in 1948 and further interpreted by Warren Weaver in 1949, to quantifysignal transmission capacityin the field of communications engineering. This entry begins with a brief summary of Shannon's work and the factors that led to confounding social interaction with signal transmission during the decades after 1949. It then summarizes more recent developments in our understanding of human communication, discusses how the concept of information can be understood with respect to meaning and relevance in the context of social science study of messages in social interactions, and distinguishes between information in the social science of communication and information in communications engineering.
Interactivity
Authors: Quiring Oliver 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Interactivity is one of the core concepts for the analysis of the so‐called “new” media. Basically, it refers to an apparently new quality of digital media: the “ability to speak back.” This entry tries to demystify the concept by showing its origins, giving an account of the academic struggle for a clear‐cut concept, explaining its most important dimensions and characteristics, and presenting relevant research history and methodology.