bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amniotic Membrane Transplantation with Narrow-Strip Conjunctival Autograft vs Conjunctival Autograft for Recurrent Pterygia
Authors: Barbosa José B. , De Farias Charles Costa , Hirai Flávio E. , Pereira Gomes José Á. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose To compare amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) associated with narrow-strip conjunctival autograft vs conjunctival autograft alone for the treatment of recurrent pterygium. Methods In this prospective consecutive interventional study, patients with recurrent pterygium were randomly divided into one of 2 groups; group 1: patients undergoing AMT associated with autologous conjunctival graft; and group 2: patients undergoing conjunctival autograft alone. Results Of the 80 operated eyes included in this study, 39 (group 1, mean patient age 52.1 ± 11.7 SD years) underwent AMT associated with narrow-strip conjunctival autograft and 41 (group 2, mean patient age 45.8 ± 12.9 SD years) underwent conjunctival autograft alone. In group 1, 6 eyes (15.4%) had grade 1 pterygium, 19 eyes (48.7%) had grade 2 pterygium, and 14 eyes (35.9%) had grade 3 pterygium. In the second group, 5 eyes (12.2%) had grade 1 pterygium, 18 eyes (43.9%) had grade 2 pterygium, and 14 eyes (35.9%) had grade 3 pterygium. No statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups (p = 0.752). Of the 39 eyes in group 1, recurrent pterygium was observed in 7 cases (17.9%). However, of the 41 eyes in group 2, recurrent pterygium was observed in only 4 cases (9.75%). No statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups (p = 0.2684). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that conjunctival autograft alone might be a better surgical choice for the treatment of recurrent pterygia than combining it with AMT; however, this second option provides a good surgical alternative in cases where little conjunctival donor tissue is available.
Miscibility Evaluation of Poly(L-Lactic Acid)/Poly(Lactic Acid-co-lysine) Blends
Authors: Yao Junyan , Zhang Shijie , Li Wudan , Li Yujie 
Published: July 2016

Background The amorphous poly(lactic acid- co-lysine) (PLL) with hydrophilic reactive groups was synthesized by the condensing copolymerization and the blending miscibility of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and PLL was investigated. Methods The miscibility of PLLA and PLL was evaluated by analyzing the thermal properties, crystallization behaviors, crystal morphologies and mechanical properties of the PLLA/PLL blends. Results The results indicated that amorphous PLL changed the crystallization behaviors and thermal properties of PLLA, decreasing the crystallinity of PLLA in the blends. The amorphous PLL molecule chains in PLLA/PLL blends were able to enter into the lamellars of PLLA spherulites and affect the crystallization behaviors of PLLA, resulting in imperfect, spherulite structures of PLLA. The formation of hydrogen bonds between PLLA molecular chains and PLL molecular chains enabled partial compatibility in this blend system. Conclusions The existence of PLL improved the hydrophility of PLLA/PLL blends, led to a higher content of PLL in the PLLA/PLL blend system, and better hydrophilic properties of the blend system. The PLL was partially miscible with the PLLA, and the PLLA/PLL blend with 10 wt% PLL had improved tensile properties.
Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Marker for Chemotherapy in Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Zhu-Lin , Zeng Ting-Ting , Zhou Xiao-Juan , Ren Ya-Nv , Zhang Lei , Zhang Xin-Xing , Ding Zhen-Yu 
Published: July 2016

Background Lung cancer ranks first both in morbidity and mortality in malignancies, but prognostic biological markers are lacking. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was proposed as a convenient biological marker. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of NLR in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods This retrospective study screened patients admitted from October 2007 to October 2014. Patients had histopathologically confirmed, treatment-naïve, metastatic NSCLC, and were prescribed platinum doublet chemotherapy. NLR and demographic data were collected, together with the outcome of chemotherapy. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. Results A total of 325 patients were enrolled. The cutoff value for NLR (3.19) was determined by receiver operator characteristic analysis. Patients were dichotomized into high (≥3.19) and low (<3.19) NLR groups. Both groups had similar demographic features. However, the low-NLR group had longer PFS (6.1 months) and OS (22.3 months) than the high-NLR group (5.1 months, p = 0.002; 13.1 months, p<0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed that NLR was inversely related to the prognosis of these patients (HR = 1.684, 95%: 1.297-2.185, p<0.001). Conclusions This study argues that NLR is a convenient prognostic biological marker for advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line chemotherapy and warrants further validation.
Interferon-free treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in patients with inherited bleeding disorders
Authors: Schiefke Ingolf , Stein Kerstin , Berg Thomas , Kullig Ulrike , Ende Katrin , Wiegand Johannes 
Published: July 2016

SummaryChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes significant mortality in patients with inherited bleeding disorders, however, data of interferon-free antiviral regimes are scarce in this population. Patients, methods: Reallife data of interferon-free therapies of 18 patients with inherited bleeding disorders and chronic HCV genotype 1 infection (94% male, liver cirrhosis Child A/B n = 4/1). Results: Treatment naïve patients were treated for eight weeks with sofosbuvir (SOF)/ledipasvir (n = 3) or for 12 weeks with SOF/ledipasvir (n = 4), SOF/ledipasvir/ribavirin (n = 1), or paritaprevir/r, ombitasvir, dasabuvir (n = 1). Treatment experienced patients without cirrhosis received SOF/ledipasvir (n = 3) or paritaprevir/r, ombitasvir, dasabuvir ± ribavirin (n = 2) for 12 weeks. Re-treated cirrhotic individuals were treated for 24 weeks with SOF/ledipasvir (n = 2) and SOF/daclatasvir (n = 1), or for 12 weeks SOF/simeprevir/1200 mg/d ribavirin (n = 1). Sustained virologic response (SVR-12) was achieved by 17/18 individuals without severe on-treatment side effects. Conclusions: In real-life, HCV-infected patients with inherited bleeding disorders can be effectively and safely treated with interferon- free therapies.
Por uma história fotográfica dos acontecimentos contemporâneos, Rio de Janeiro, 30 de junho de 1987
Authors: Mauad Ana Maria 
Published: July 2016

Este artigo analisa o acontecimento histórico – “quebra-quebra” no Centro do Rio, em junho de 1987 – por meio das fotografias veiculadas em 5 jornais do Rio de Janeiro e 1 de Niterói, no dia seguinte ao acontecimento, 1o de julho de 1987. Observa-se, preliminarmente, a origem da preocupação historiográfica, em que os acontecimentos foram reabilitados para a análise histórica, sobretudo pela forma como a fotografia foi convocada para seu estudo. A reconstrução da história fotográfica do evento de 1987 apoia-se nas noções de fotografia pública e espaço público visual, para analisar os sentidos do acontecimento produzidos pelos jornais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e avaliar o papel desempenhado pelo fotojornalismo na produção do fato histórico. Palavras-chave: Fotografia na Historiografia; Rio de Janeiro (RJ) - História – 1987; Espaços Públicos - Rio de Janeiro.
Propondo o alisamento do espaço: disputas em torno da “Manaus moderna”
Authors: Silva Patrícia Rodrigues 
Published: July 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão acerca de projetos voltados para a Área denominada de “Manaus Moderna” na cidade de Manaus/AM, que visam a criar atividades definindo os usos do espaço enquanto cenário. Essa área se coloca como um espaço de disputa por diversos interesses na cidade de Manaus. O foco do artigo recai sobre as transformações propostas para a área da Manaus Moderna e nas questões vividas por essa espacialidade atualmente, pois entende-se que ali são experimentadas as pressões e lutas de classes vivenciadas na cidade como um todo, e, portanto, estão evidenciadas as tensões do viver na cidade. Palavras-chave: Manaus - Cidade, Memórias, História, Fotografias, Fontes Orais.
As redes políticas de solidariedade na América Latina
Authors: Badan Ribeiro Maria Claudia 
Published: July 2016

A pesquisa que ampara este artigo teve como foco investigar os graus de relações políticas estabelecidas entre o movimento revolucionário brasileiro e o exterior em países que tanto favoreceram a luta de brasileiros, como serviram de acolhimento aos exilados. A solidificação destes acordos ocorreu no bojo de um contexto explosivo de transformação social, dando origem a grupos que substituíram os conflitos armados tradicionais do passado por estruturas políticas paralelas e difusas que estiveram na emergência de uma variedade de movimentos de resistência armada existentes na América Latina, África e Europa. Palavras-chave: Ditadura e Ditadores – América Latina, Exilio – América Latina, Movimentos Sociais.
Reexamination of Fermi level pinning for controlling Schottky barrier height at metal/Ge interface
Authors: Nishimura Tomonori , Yajima Takeaki , Toriumi Akira 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The element metal/germanium (Ge) interface exhibits a strong Fermi level pinning (FLP), which is usually characterized on the basis of Ge side semiconductor properties. In this work, we demonstrate that metal properties significantly affect the Schottky barrier height (SBH) on Ge. Metallic germanides show both FLP alleviation and a clear substrate orientation dependence of SBH on Ge, despite the nearly perfect FLP and very slight orientation dependence in the element metal case. As a result, ohmic characteristics are observed at germanide/n-Ge (111) junctions. The metal properties required to alleviate the FLP on Ge are also discussed.
Integration of GaAs, GaN, and Si-CMOS on a common 200 mm Si substrate through multilayer transfer process
Authors: Lee Kwang Hong , Bao Shuyu , Zhang Li , Kohen David , Fitzgerald Eugene , Tan Chuan Seng 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The integration of III–V semiconductors (e.g., GaAs and GaN) and silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-CMOS on a 200 mm Si substrate is demonstrated. The SOI-CMOS donor wafer is temporarily bonded on a Si handle wafer and thinned down. A second GaAs/Ge/Si substrate is then bonded to the SOI-CMOS-containing handle wafer. After that, the Si from the GaAs/Ge/Si substrate is removed. The GaN/Si substrate is then bonded to the SOI–GaAs/Ge-containing handle wafer. Finally, the handle wafer is released to realize the SOI–GaAs/Ge/GaN/Si hybrid structure on a Si substrate. By this method, the functionalities of the materials used can be combined on a single Si platform.
Entrepreneurship and Adolescents
Authors: Santana Vega Lidia E. , González-Morales Olga , García Luis Feliciano 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This work studied the entrepreneurial aspirations of 3,987 adolescents regarding self-employment and the influence of gender, age, nationality, type of school, location of the school, educational level and performance. The Logit model is used to analyze the data. The results indicate that the pupils’ aspirations to be self-employed increase in the case of foreigners, of studying in a state school, of having a lower educational level and of demonstrating a low academic performance. The results were not statistically significant for the gender and age variables. The curriculum and guidance programmes need to promote a spirit of entrepreneurship and creativity in young people
Heritage, Second-Language and Native Speakers’ Intuitions on Deictic Verbs in Spanish: Beyond the Linguist’s Intuitions
Authors: Chui Daniel 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Previous analyses of the Spanish deictic verbs venir ‘to come’, ir ‘to go’, traer ‘to bring’ and llevar ‘to take’ have drawn upon Fillmore’s (1975) series of lectures on deixis in noting that speakers of Spanish forbid the use of the verbs venir and traer to express movement towards the hearer. Under this egocentric view (Beinhauer, 1940; Ibañez, 1983), the Spanish verbs venir and traer can only be used to describe movement towards the speaker’s location. Little experimental research has been done, however, to confirm the extent to which heritage and second language (L2) speakers of the language conform to this pattern. The present study gathered data on the deictic preferences of bilingual, heritage speakers of Spanish and English (HS) and compared this data with that of L2 and monolingual native speakers of Spanish (NS). 74 participants, consisting of 12 NS, 34 HS, and 29 L2 speakers, assessed the grammaticality of 20 stimulus items that contained prescriptively correct and incorrect usages of the deictic verbs venir, traer, llevar and ir. Both HS and L2 speakers made significantly more errors than NS when the direction expressed in the stimulus was oriented towards the hearer, suggesting both groups may benefit from instruction on this topic.
Towards School Transformation. Evaluation of a Coexistence Program from the Voice of Students and Teachers
Authors: Grau Roser , García-Raga Laura , López-Martín Ramón 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Learning to coexist continues to be one of the challenges faced by the current educational system, especially for those schools located in contexts at risk of social exclusion where the violence rate increases on a daily basis. The main aim sought by the present study consists in assessing the impact of a program developed at an educational center located in a vulnerable neighborhood of the city of Valencia (Spain). It is a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest research with a control group that involved a total of 109 teachers and students. It deserves to be highlighted that this paper forms part of a broader research initiative, for which reason the results obtained in the qualitative part through the implementation of a content analysis are presented. The results show the success of the program applied in accordance with the perceptions of the teachers and students involved, who state that all the program strategies have significantly improved school coexistence.
Recent advances quantifying the large wood dynamics in river basins: New methods and remaining challenges
Authors: Ruiz‐Villanueva Virginia , Piégay Hervé , Gurnell Angela M. , Marston Richard A. , Stoffel Markus 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLarge wood is an important physical component of woodland rivers and significantly influences river morphology. It is also a key component of stream ecosystems. However, large wood is also a source of risk for human activities as it may damage infrastructure, block river channels, and induce flooding. Therefore, the analysis and quantification of large wood and its mobility are crucial for understanding and managing wood in rivers. As the amount of large‐wood‐related studies by researchers, river managers, and stakeholders increases, documentation of commonly used and newly available techniques and their effectiveness has also become increasingly relevant as well. Important data and knowledge have been obtained from the application of very different approaches and have generated a significant body of valuable information representative of different environments. This review brings a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative summary of recent advances regarding the different processes involved in large wood dynamics in fluvial systems including wood budgeting and wood mechanics. First, some key definitions and concepts are introduced. Second, advances in quantifying large wood dynamics are reviewed; in particular, how measurements and modeling can be combined to integrate our understanding of how large wood moves through and is retained within river systems. Throughout, we present a quantitative and integrated meta‐analysis compiled from different studies and geographical regions. Finally, we conclude by highlighting areas of particular research importance and their likely future trajectories, and we consider a particularly underresearched area so as to stress the future challenges for large wood research.
Model simulations of flood and debris flow timing in steep catchments after wildfire
Authors: Rengers F. K. , McGuire L. A. , Kean J. W. , Staley D. M. , Hobley D. E. J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDebris flows are a typical hazard on steep slopes after wildfire, but unlike debris flows that mobilize from landslides, most postwildfire debris flows are generated from water runoff. The majority of existing debris flow modeling has focused on landslide‐triggered debris flows. In this study we explore the potential for using process‐based rainfall‐runoff models to simulate the timing of water flow and runoff‐generated debris flows in recently burned areas. Two different spatially distributed hydrologic models with differing levels of complexity were used: the full shallow water equations and the kinematic wave approximation. Model parameter values were calibrated in two different watersheds, spanning two orders of magnitude in drainage area. These watersheds were affected by the 2009 Station Fire in the San Gabriel Mountains, CA, USA. Input data for the numerical models were constrained by time series of soil moisture, flow stage, and rainfall collected at field sites, as well as high‐resolution lidar‐derived digital elevation models. The calibrated parameters were used to model a third watershed in the burn area, and the results show a good match with observed timing of flow peaks. The calibrated roughness parameter (Manning'sn) was generally higher when using the kinematic wave approximation relative to the shallow water equations, and decreased with increasing spatial scale. The calibrated effective watershed hydraulic conductivity was low for both models, even for storms occurring several months after the fire, suggesting that wildfire‐induced changes to soil‐water infiltration were retained throughout that time. Overall, the two model simulations were quite similar suggesting that a kinematic wave model, which is simpler and more computationally efficient, is a suitable approach for predicting flood and debris flow timing in steep, burned watersheds.
Impact of the Antarctic bottom water formation on the Weddell Gyre and its northward propagation characteristics in GFDL CM2.1 model
Authors: Zhang Liping , Delworth Thomas L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe impact of Antarctic bottom water (AABW) formation on the Weddell Gyre and its northward propagation characteristics are studied using a 4000 year long control run of the GFDL CM2.1 model as well as sensitivity experiments. In the control run, the AABW cell and Weddell Gyre are highly correlated when the AABW cell leads the Weddell Gyre by several years, with an enhanced AABW cell corresponding to a strengthened Weddell Gyre and vice versa. An additional sensitivity experiment shows that the response of the Weddell Gyre to AABW cell changes is primarily attributed to interactions between the AABW outflow and ocean topography, instead of the surface wind stress curl and freshwater anomalies. As the AABW flows northward, it encounters topography with steep slopes that induce strong downwelling and negative bottom vortex stretching. The anomalous negative bottom vortex stretching induces a cyclonic barotropic stream function over the Weddell Sea, thus leading to an enhanced Weddell Gyre. The AABW cell variations in the control run have significant meridional coherence in density space. Using passive dye tracers, it is found that the slow propagation of AABW cell anomalies south of 35°S corresponds to the slow tracer advection time scale. The dye tracers escape the Weddell Sea through the western limb of the Weddell Gyre and then go northwestward to the Argentine Basin through South Sandwich Trench and Georgia Basin. This slow advection by deep ocean currents determines the AABW cell propagation speed south of 35°S. North of 35°S the propagation speed is determined both by advection in the deep western boundary current and through Kelvin waves.
New perspectives for noble gases in oceanography
Authors: Aeschbach Werner 
Published: July 2016

AbstractConditions prevailing in regions of deep water formation imprint their signature in the concentrations of dissolved noble gases, which are conserved in the deep ocean. Such “recharge conditions” including temperature, salinity, and interactions with sea ice are important in view of ocean‐atmosphere CO2 partitioning. Noble gases, especially the temperature sensitive Kr and Xe, are well‐established tracers to reconstruct groundwater recharge conditions. In contrast, tracer oceanography has traditionally focused on He isotopes and the light noble gases Ne and Ar, which could be analyzed at the required high precision. Recent developments of analytical and data interpretation methods now provide fresh perspectives for noble gases in oceanography.
Unique Characteristics of Cell Division in Vascular Plants
Authors: Chabouté Marie‐Edith , Schmit Anne‐Catherine 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

In eukaryotes, both microtubules (
MTs
) and microfilaments (
MFs
) are cytoskeletal polymers involved in meristematic cell proliferation. While animal cells build their
MT
arrays from structured organelles, such as centrosomes, and while they depolymerise their
MFs
and become round during mitosis, vascular plant cells lack centrosomes, maintain a filamentous actin cage around the spindle and are surrounded by a cell wall, preventing cellular mobility. During the cell cycle, plants activate specific dispersed
MT
nucleating sites, revealing successive plant‐specific cytoskeletal arrays. The
MF
meshwork surrounding the spindle eventually drives the centrifugal growth of
MTs
, which leads Golgi‐derived vesicles to fuse and separate each daughter cell during cytokinesis. The main orientation of actin fibres is parallel to that of spindle
MTs
, while a perpendicular constriction ring ensures animal daughter cell separation. However, despite the differences in their cytoskeleton behaviour and dynamics, both cell types succeed in controlled chromosome segregation.

Key Concepts

Mitosis is a short cell cycle period during which the cytoskeleton ensures balanced segregation of duplicated sister chromatids into two daughter cells.

Plant cells have to deal with their pecto‐cellulosic cell wall, constraining the orientation of the division axis in order to control morphogenesis.

In plants, primary stem cells are located in shoot and root apical meristems (SAM and RAM) and secondary growth is ensured by cambium activation.

Besides the conservation of microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments (MFs), required for successful karyokinesis and cytokinesis, respectively, in all eukaryotes, plant mitotic cells present an original cytoskeleton organisation.

All the somatic cells of vascular plants lack centrosomes, and microtubule organising centres are spread all over the nuclear envelope, at the cell cortex and along pre‐existing microtubules.

Preceding the mitotic step
per se
, maintenance of centromere/kinetochore cohesion and integrity is required for the building of a bipolar spindle and accurate chromosome segregation.

During mitosis, the activity of MT nucleating complexes (TuRCs) and MT‐associated proteins (MAPs) leads to a succession of MT arrays that reorganise in the cytoplasm: cortical MTs/perinuclear MTs/pre‐prophase band MTs/spindle MTs/phragmoplast MTs. The spindle apparatus, consisting of kinetochore fibres and interpolar MTs, is barrel‐shaped and lacks polar asters. Some of the MAPs also connect MFs.

Gamma‐tubulin containing complexes and augmin complexes participate in the nucleation of new highly dynamic MTs that ensure spindle robustness.

Actin filaments intermingle with MTs and do not depolymerise during mitosis, except in the PPB, which becomes an actin‐deplete zone (ADZ).

The cell plate expands centrifugally to the cell edges thanks to actin filaments, preceding MTs on which Golgi‐derived vesicles move towards the equator and fuse together.