bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyunphased: an extension to polytomous outcomes of the Unphased package for family-based genetic association analysis
Authors: Bureau Alexandre , Croteau Jordie 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Polytomous phenotypes arise when a disease has multiple subtypes or when two dichotomous phenotypes are analyzed simultaneously. Few software programs offer the option to analyze such phenotypes in family studies, and none implements conditional polytomous logistic regression for within-family analysis robust to population stratification. We introduce Polyunphased, an extension to polytomous phenotypes of the Unphased package, a flexible software tool for genetic association analysis in nuclear families. Like Unphased, Polyunphased is written in C++ and runs from the command line or from a Java graphical user interface. Most Unphased options remain available in Polyunphased, including those handling missing parental genotypes while preserving robustness to population stratification, and the modelling options. Simulation studies confirmed the expected statistical behaviour of the maximum likelihood estimates of the association parameters of the conditional logistic regression model when the corresponding association parameters in the parental term of the likelihood function are set to 0, but revealed convergence problems when estimating these parental association parameters separately. The former approach is thus recommended with polytomous phenotypes.
New Reality – New Problems. Financial Crime in Greater Poland in the Years 1945-1970
Authors: Jankowiak Stanisław 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Systemic transformation in Poland after the Second World War led to deep transformations within the economy. It did not, however, change the way people thought. Despite the chaos of the post-war period, in which all the negative features shaped in the period of occupation manifested themselves, it seemed that the conceptual leaders of the Polish political and economic life would create new quality. However, it soon turned out that old habits die hard and the system created by communists opened a field for many abuses. This was accompanied by a sense of impunity, as the most prominent personalities in a given region were also involved in economic scandals. All this resulted in the creation of “cliques” in which both prominent Party activists and people put by the Party in high positions (usually also members of the Polish United Workers’ Party, PUWP) played important roles. On the one hand, after 1956, surveillance by the Security Office (UB) or Security Services (SB) was not that strict anymore, and on the other, the so-called “private initiative” started to develop fast – therefore the more “entrepreneurial” individuals started to exploit the situation and gain wealth. Abusing one’s position to organize large-scale thefts was considered relatively normal. This happened in various forms: sometimes directly, but more often by supporting or even organizing private projects with the use of the national, though unsupervised, supply of raw materials or products. This way, the Party members grew richer at the expense of the companies they worked for. This business was relatively widely tolerated by ordinary citizens, who saw it as an excuse to also “organize” goods individually for their own purposes in the companies which employed them. This common belief that “everybody steals” allowed people to justify their own dishonesty. Any attempts to fight this problem failed to produce satisfactory results. The diagnosis, even if correct, had to face reality, in which the pursuit of a better quality of life by the Party elites collided with the officially promoted ascetic lifestyles of the “ideological communists”, who, like Władysław Gomułka, did not understood the new times.
“Autogangs”. Car Smuggle to Communist Poland in the 1980s
Authors: Nawrocki Karol 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The article refers to the economic consequences of the post-war division of Europe into the capitalist West and communist East. One of the consequences of this division was the creation of peculiar crime phenomenon on the eastern side of the “iron curtain”, which consist on exploit the prices and goods availability differences between wealthy West and backward East of Europe. This being the case of illegal movement of goods, begun from the 1940s, between those two worlds. In article you can find the outline of characteristic for the whole Polish “People’s” Republic period smuggling conducts. The key subject of following text is first of all the problem of car smuggling in the 1980s, which wasn’t researched by polish historians before. In this interesting for us times in Western Europe (West Germany, Austria, France) and in Scandinavia at least few groups of organized crime were active in a areas of car stealing and smuggling a luxury goods into Poland. The essence of following article are the presentation of these groups, their bosses, criminal practices and techniques and indication of the cooperation between polish car smugglers and western countries citizens. Sources for this text are based first of all on operational and investigation records of former Security Service collected in archives of the Institute of National Remembrance.
Messaufbau zur Charakterisierung von magnetischen Sensormaterialien
Authors: Nording Felix , Boy Niklas , Ludwig Frank , Schilling Meinhard 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Viele magnetische Sensoren beruhen auf der Interaktion magnetischer Materialien mit einem externen Magnetfeld. Das
Magnetisierungsverhalten und die Magnetisierungsdynamik der magnetischen Materialien sind dadurch entscheidende
Charakteristiken für die Funktionsfähigkeit dieser Sensoren. Daher wird in der Forschung und generell bei der
Optimierung der Sensoren ein besonderer Fokus auf die Materialcharakteristik gelegt. Hier wird ein Messsystem vorgestellt,
das diese Charakterisierung sehr empfindlich ermöglicht und zusätzlich auch für verschiedenste Proben
eingesetzt werden kann. Beispielsweise zeigen die für Fluxgate-Sensoren verwendeten magnetischen Materialien ein
anderes Verhalten als die in MR-Sensoren eingesetzten magnetischen Schichten.
„Nagy tüzet kiált a tűzoltó”
Authors: Polyák Petra 
Published: February 2017

The retaliations following the Hungarian Revolution of October 1956 reached the institutions of higher education at the end of April 1957. However, in Pécs the first disciplinary procedures had been started almost a month ahead of the central executive order, due to university-college party organizations, as well as the initial difficulties surrounding the Young Communist League. The reason behind this is that both the Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party and the Hungarian Young Communist League movements found their position rather precarious in the movement, when they were founded in February-March, 1957. For them, the disciplinary procedures served as the primary tool to restore and expand their influence. While it allowed the regulation of the students and lecturers who opposed the restoration, it also made the old and new positions redistributive within the party and the youth organizations. The records of these disciplinary trials as well as the appeals of the students both confirm and support the historical conclusion that causal relationship between activity during and retribution after the Revolution was not essential. The conscious creation of an Enemy was evident to some of the accused students as well.
(Translated by Dávid Molnár)
A „Zalaegerszegi Fiók Főiskola ügyei”
Authors: Halász Imre 
Published: February 2017

A felsőoktatást illetően Zala megye helyzete mindig sajátos volt. Tradicionális felsőoktatási intézménye tulajdonképpen egy volt és van, ez a Festetics György gróf által Keszthelyen 1797-ben létrehozott Georgikon, mely az alapítás évében, július 1-jén egyetlen hallgatóval kezdte meg az első tanévét. Ezzel nemcsak Magyarország, hanem Európa első mezőgazdasági felsőfokú tanintézete jött létre, mely több mint két évszázados fennállása során volt gazdasági tanintézet, akadémia, főiskola és egyetemi kar.
Az elmúlt fél évszázadban számos kísérlet történt Zala megyében a felsőoktatás különböző intézményeinek meghonosítására. Több fővárosi intézmény vagy dunántúli egyetem létesített valamilyen szervezeti formában (kampusz, kihelyezett tagozat, intézet, képzési hely, kar) oktatási egységet, ám szervezésükből adódóan ezek egyike sem volt önálló, viszont tevékenységük saját területükön, illetve létrehozásuk időszakában minden esetben eredményesnek értékelhető. Ezen kísérletek egyike volt a három tanévet megélt zalaegerszegi tanárképzés, melynek iratanyagát fedő egyik dosszién szerepel a címben említett „fiók főiskola” elnevezés.
„A tűzre tűzzel válaszolunk”
Authors: Méreg Martin 
Published: February 2017

2016 októberében tizenkét darab, 1956-ból származó plakát került elő a Pécsi Egyetemi Könyvtár és Tudásközpont Történeti Gyűjtemények Osztályán. A plakátok jelzet nélküliek, nincsenek katalogizálva, könyvtárba kerülésük körülményei nem ismertek. Valószínűsíthető, hogy Móró Mária Anna, a Pécsi Egyetemi Könyvtár főkönyvtárosa az irattár rendezése közben gyűjtötte egy iratcsomóba a plakátokat. Mivel a plakátok esetlegesen maradtak fenn, jelen tanulmánynak nem célja az 1956-os pécsi és baranyai események részletes ismertetése, csupán a plakátok bemutatására és történeti kontextusba helyezésére vállalkozunk.
Fotó: Pécsi Egyetemtörténeti Gyűjtemény
Interjú Várkonyi Nándor könyvtárosi tevékenységéről
Authors: Hajdú Csilla 
Published: February 2017

Vajon hányan ismerik a könyvtáros Várkonyi Nándor életútját, tevékenységét? Hányan ismerik őt, aki magánemberként, könyvtárosként, valamint a hétköznapokban is magával ragadó, nagyformátumú, színes és izgalmas személyiség volt?
Kevés fény vetül a mindennapokban munkálkodó könyvtárosra, arra az emberre, aki éveken keresztül szeretettel dolgozott a könyvek között, és sokat tett több pécsi könyvtári gyűjtemény feltárásáért, megőrzéséért, használhatóságáért. Arról pedig még kevesebbet tudunk, hogy egy nehéz történelmi időszakban Várkonyi Nándor könyvtárosként és emberként hogyan állt helyt, hogyan segítette a barátait, a munkatársait, az olvasóit, és hogyan védte a könyvtár állományát.
Fotó: Hetedhéthatár
Effect of Resistance Training to Muscle Failure vs. Volitional Interruption at High- and Low-Intensities on Muscle Mass and Strength
Authors: Nóbrega Sanmy R. , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Pintanel Lucas , Barcelos Cintia , Libardi Cleiton A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Nóbrega, SR, Ugrinowitsch, C, Pintanel, L, Barcelos, C, and Libardi, CA. Effect of resistance training to muscle failure vs. volitional interruption at high- and low-intensities on muscle mass and strength. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 162–169, 2018—The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) at high- and low-intensities performed to muscle failure or volitional interruption on muscle strength, cross-sectional area (CSA), pennation angle (PA), and muscle activation. Thirty-two untrained men participated in the study. Each leg was allocated in 1 of 4 unilateral RT protocols: RT to failure at high and low intensities, and RT to volitional interruption (repetitions performed to the point in which participants voluntarily interrupted the exercise) at high (HIRT-V) and low (LIRT-V) intensities. Muscle strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM]), CSA, PA, and muscle activation by amplitude of the electromyography (EMG) signal were assessed before (Pre), after 6 (6W), and 12 (12W) weeks. 1RM increased similarly after 6W (range: 15.8–18.9%, effective size [ES]: 0.41–0.58) and 12W (range: 25.6–33.6%, ES: 0.64–0.98) for all protocols. All protocols were similarly effective in increasing CSA after 6W (range: 3.0–4.6%, ES: 0.10–0.24) and 12W (range: 6.1–7.5%, ES: 0.22–0.26). PA increased after 6W (∼3.5) and 12W (∼9%; main time effect, p < 0.0001), with no differences between protocols. EMG values were significantly higher for the high-intensity protocols at all times (main intensity effect, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, both HIRT-V and LIRT-V are equally effective in increasing muscle mass, strength, and PA when compared with RT performed to muscle failure.
Short-Term Hypoxic Exposure and Training Improve Maximal Anaerobic Running Test Performance
Authors: Oriishi Marie , Matsubayashi Takeo , Kawahara Takashi , Suzuki Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Oriishi, M, Matsubayashi, T, Kawahara, T, and Suzuki, Y. Short-term hypoxic exposure and training improve maximal anaerobic running test performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 181–188, 2018—The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of short-term hypoxic exposure and training in the performance of competitive 400- or 800-m runners. Fifteen female competitive 400- and 800-m runners volunteered to participate and were assigned to either the hypoxic (n = 7) or normoxic (n = 8) group. The subjects completed 6 days of training. The hypoxic group trained and slept in normobaric hypoxia, with oxygen concentrations of 14.4 and 16.5% for training and sleep, respectively. The normoxic group trained and slept at sea level. The subjects completed 4 sprint and 5 endurance training sessions during the camp. The subjects underwent a maximal anaerobic running test before and 8 days after the training camp. The maximal power determined by the anaerobic running test improved significantly in the hypoxic group (p ≤ 0.05). Blood lactate concentration at submaximal running speed (275, 300, and 375 m·min−1) in the hypoxic group decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) after the training period. No significant changes in these values were found in the normoxic group. These results suggest that 6 days of hypoxic exposure and training enhanced performance and improved lactate metabolism in 400- and 800-m runners.
Effect of a Lower Extremity Preventive Training Program on Physical Performance Scores in Military Recruits
Authors: Peck Karen Y. , DiStefano Lindsay J. , Marshall Stephen W. , Padua Darin A. , Beutler Anthony I. , de la Motte Sarah J. , Frank Barnett S. , Martinez Jessica C. , Cameron Kenneth L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Peck, KY, DiStefano, LJ, Marshall, SW, Padua, DA, Beutler, AI, de la Motte, SJ, Frank, BS, Martinez, JC, and Cameron, KL. Effect of a lower extremity preventive training program on physical performance scores in military recruits. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3146–3157, 2017—Exercise-based preventive training programs are designed to improve movement patterns associated with lower extremity injury risk; however, the impact of these programs on general physical fitness has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare fitness scores between participants in a preventive training program and a control group. One thousand sixty-eight freshmen from a U.S. Service Academy were cluster-randomized into either the intervention or control group during 6 weeks of summer training. The intervention group performed a preventive training program, specifically the Dynamic Integrated Movement Enhancement (DIME), which is designed to improve lower extremity movement patterns. The control group performed the Army Preparation Drill (PD), a warm-up designed to prepare soldiers for training. Main outcome measures were the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) raw and scaled (for age and sex) scores. Independent t tests were used to assess between-group differences. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to control for the influence of confounding variables. Dynamic Integrated Movement Enhancement group participants completed the APFT 2-mile run 20 seconds faster compared with the PD group (p < 0.001), which corresponded with significantly higher scaled scores (p < 0.001). Army Physical Fitness Test push-up scores were significantly higher in the DIME group (p = 0.041), but there were no significant differences in APFT sit-up scores. The DIME group had significantly higher total APFT scores compared with the PD group (p < 0.001). Similar results were observed in multivariable models after controlling for sex and body mass index (BMI). Committing time to the implementation of a preventive training program does not appear to negatively affect fitness test scores.
Neuromuscular Training Improves Movement Competency and Physical Performance Measures in 11–13-Year-Old Female Netball Athletes
Authors: Hopper Amanda , Haff Erin E. , Barley Oliver R. , Joyce Christopher , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Haff G. Gregory 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Hopper, A, Haff, EE, Barley, OR, Joyce, C, Lloyd, RS, and Haff, GG. Neuromuscular training improves movement competency and physical performance measures in 11–13-year-old female netball athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1165–1176, 2017—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a neuromuscular training (NMT) program on movement competency and measures of physical performance in youth female netball players. It was hypothesized that significant improvements would be found in movement competency and physical performance measures after the intervention. Twenty-three junior female netball players (age, 12.17 ± 0.94 years; height, 1.63 ± 0.08 m; weight, 51.81 ± 8.45 kg) completed a test battery before and after a 6-week training intervention. Thirteen of these athletes underwent 6 weeks of NMT, which incorporated plyometrics and resistance training. Trained athletes showed significant improvements in 20-m sprint time, 505 agility time, countermovement jump height, and peak power (p ≤ 0.05, g > 0.8). In addition, trained athletes significantly improved their score in the Netball Movement Screening Tool (NMST) (p < 0.05, g > −1.30); while the athletes also demonstrated increased reach in the anterior and posteromedial directions for the right leg and left leg, and in the posterolateral direction for the left leg only in the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) (p < 0.05, g > −0.03). Control subjects did not exhibit any significant changes during the 6-week period. Significant negative correlations were found between improved score on the NMST and decreased 5-, 10-, and 20-m sprint time, and 505 change of direction time (r > 0.4, p ≤ 0.05). Results of the study affirm the hypothesis that a 6-week NMT intervention can improve performance and movement competency in youth netball players.
Acute Effects of Partial-Body Cryotherapy on Isometric Strength: Maximum Handgrip Strength Evaluation
Authors: De Nardi Massimo , Pizzigalli Luisa , Benis Roberto , Caffaro Federica , Micheletti Cremasco Margherita 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
De Nardi, M, Pizzigalli, L, Benis, R, Caffaro, F, and Cremasco, MM. Acute effects of partial-body cryotherapy on isometric strength: maximum handgrip strength evaluation. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3497–3502, 2017—The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a single partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) session on the maximum handgrip strength (JAMAR Hydraulic Hand dynamometer). Two hundred healthy adults were randomized into a PBC group and a control group (50 men and 50 women in each group). After the initial handgrip strength test (T0), the experimental group performed a 150-second session of PBC (temperature range between −130 and −160° C), whereas the control group stayed in a thermo neutral room (22.0 ± 0.5° C). Immediately after, both groups performed another handgrip strength test (T1). Data underlined that both groups showed an increase in handgrip strength values, especially the experimental group (Control: T0 = 39.48 kg, T1 = 40.01 kg; PBC: T0 = 39.61 kg, T1 = 41.34 kg). The analysis also reported a statistical effect related to gender (F = 491.99, P ≤ 0.05), with women showing lower handgrip strength values compared with men (women = 30.43 kg, men = 52.27 kg). Findings provide the first evidence that a single session of PBC leads to the improvement of muscle strength in healthy people. The results of the study imply that PBC could be performed also before a training session or a sport competition, to increase hand isometric strength.
Resistance Training–Induced Elevations in Muscular Strength in Trained Men Are Maintained After 2 Weeks of Detraining and Not Differentially Affected by Whey Protein Supplementation
Authors: Hwang Paul S. , Andre Thomas L. , McKinley-Barnard Sarah K. , Morales Marroquín Flor E. , Gann Joshua J. , Song Joon J. , Willoughby Darryn S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Hwang, PS, Andre, TL, McKinley-Barnard, SK, Morales Marroquín, FE, Gann, JJ, Song, JJ, and Willoughby, DS. Resistance training–induced elevations in muscular strength in trained men are maintained after 2 weeks of detraining and not differentially affected by whey protein supplementation. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 869–881, 2017—Resistance training (RT) with nutritional strategies incorporating whey protein intake postexercise can stimulate muscle protein synthesis and elicit hypertrophy. The early phases of training-induced anabolic responses can be attenuated with longer-term training. It is currently unknown if short-term detraining (DT) can restore these blunted anabolic responses during a subsequent retraining (ReT) period. Twenty resistance-trained men (age 20.95 ± 1.23 years; n = 20) were randomized into one of 2 groups (PRO or CHO; 25 g) in a double-blind manner. Participants followed a 4-day per week RT program (4-week RT; 2-week DT; 4-week ReT) while consuming their respective supplement only on workout days during RT and ReT, but every day during DT. At baseline, 4 weeks after RT (post-RT), 2 weeks after DT (post–2-week DT), and after 4 weeks of ReT after DT (post-ReT), leg press strength (LPS) was assessed and rectus femoris cross-sectional area and lean mass changes were assessed by ultrasonography and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, respectively. A factorial 2 × 4 (group by time) analyses of variance with repeated measures were used with a probability level at ≤0.05. LPS was elevated throughout the 10-week training study (p = 0.003) with no decrease in LPS after DT in both groups. Although not statistically significant, both groups retained lean mass after DT. A 2-week period of DT appeared to retain muscular strength in resistance-trained men. Therefore, a short-term period of DT can potentially retain lower-body strength in young resistance-trained men irrespective of supplementing with 25 g of whey protein postexercise.
Detection of Spatiotemporal Asymmetry in Pro Level Soccer Players
Authors: Knudsen Nikolas S. , Andersen Thomas B. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Knudsen, NS and Andersen, TB. Detection of spatiotemporal asymmetry in pro level soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 798–804, 2018—Several papers have focused on change of direction (COD) asymmetry investigated through standardized tests, and used this information to provide some spatiotemporal insight during games. The aim of this study was to investigate asymmetry in the reachable areas of the players through actual position data from soccer games. Sixteen professional players from the Danish Superliga participated in this study, but 5 were excluded because of lack of participation throughout the investigated games. The reachable areas of the players were investigated at varying sprint velocities (1–7 m·s−1) and within varying time intervals (0.5–4 seconds). The analysis found 7 players having spatiotemporal asymmetries in their reachable areas (0.5–3%) and shift of center of reachable area (4–29 cm). Four players (LB, RB, DM, and CF) had spatiotemporal asymmetries that could be attributed to COD and thus physiological asymmetries, whereas 3 players (LCB, LW, and RW) had spatiotemporal asymmetries that might be caused by their position or by use of tactic. This type of asymmetry was named a tactical spatiotemporal asymmetry. Coaches with knowledge about spatiotemporal asymmetries can use these actively in their tactical approach using the players' asymmetries in synergy, using opponents' asymmetries or improving the existing postgame spatiotemporal analyzing tools.