bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cohesive Properties of the
Caulobacter crescentus
Holdfast Adhesin Are Regulated by a Novel c-di-GMP Effector Protein
Authors: Sprecher Kathrin S. , Hug Isabelle , Nesper Jutta , Potthoff Eva , Mahi Mohamed-Ali , Sangermani Matteo , Kaever Volkhard , Schwede Torsten , Vorholt Julia , Jenal Urs 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

When encountering surfaces, many bacteria produce adhesins to facilitate their initial attachment and to irreversibly glue themselves to the solid substrate. A central molecule regulating the processes of this motile-sessile transition is the second messenger c-di-GMP, which stimulates the production of a variety of exopolysaccharide adhesins in different bacterial model organisms. In
Caulobacter crescentus
, c-di-GMP regulates the synthesis of the polar holdfast adhesin during the cell cycle, yet the molecular and cellular details of this control are currently unknown. Here we identify HfsK, a member of a versatile
N
-acetyltransferase family, as a novel c-di-GMP effector involved in holdfast biogenesis. Cells lacking HfsK form highly malleable holdfast structures with reduced adhesive strength that cannot support surface colonization. We present indirect evidence that HfsK modifies the polysaccharide component of holdfast to buttress its cohesive properties. HfsK is a soluble protein but associates with the cell membrane during most of the cell cycle. Coincident with peak c-di-GMP levels during the
C. crescentus
cell cycle, HfsK relocalizes to the cytosol in a c-di-GMP-dependent manner. Our results indicate that this c-di-GMP-mediated dynamic positioning controls HfsK activity, leading to its inactivation at high c-di-GMP levels. A short C-terminal extension is essential for the membrane association, c-di-GMP binding, and activity of HfsK. We propose a model in which c-di-GMP binding leads to the dispersal and inactivation of HfsK as part of holdfast biogenesis progression.

IMPORTANCE
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) adhesins are important determinants of bacterial surface colonization and biofilm formation. Biofilms are a major cause of chronic infections and are responsible for biofouling on water-exposed surfaces. To tackle these problems, it is essential to dissect the processes leading to surface colonization at the molecular and cellular levels. Here we describe a novel c-di-GMP effector, HfsK, that contributes to the cohesive properties and stability of the holdfast adhesin in
C. crescentus
. We demonstrate for the first time that c-di-GMP, in addition to its role in the regulation of the rate of EPS production, also modulates the physicochemical properties of bacterial adhesins. By demonstrating how c-di-GMP coordinates the activity and subcellular localization of HfsK, we provide a novel understanding of the cellular processes involved in adhesin biogenesis control. Homologs of HfsK are found in representatives of different bacterial phyla, suggesting that they play important roles in various EPS synthesis systems.
Neisseria meningitidisUses Sibling Small Regulatory RNAs To Switch from Cataplerotic to Anaplerotic Metabolism
Authors: Pannekoek Yvonne , Huis in ‘t Veld Robert A. G. , Schipper Kim , Bovenkerk Sandra , Kramer Gertjan , Brouwer Matthijs C. , van de Beek Diederik , Speijer Dave , van der Ende Arie 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTNeisseria meningitidis(the meningococcus) is primarily a commensal of the human oropharynx that sporadically causes septicemia and meningitis. Meningococci adapt to diverse local host conditions differing in nutrient supply, like the nasopharynx, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid, by changing metabolism and protein repertoire. However, regulatory transcription factors and two-component systems in meningococci involved in adaptation to local nutrient variations are limited. We identified novel sibling small regulatory RNAs (Neisseriametabolicswitchregulators [NmsRs]) regulating switches between cataplerotic and anaplerotic metabolism in this pathogen. Overexpression of NmsRs was tolerated in blood but not in cerebrospinal fluid. Expression of six tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes was downregulated by direct action of NmsRs. Expression of the NmsRs themselves was under the control of the stringent response through the action of RelA. Small sibling regulatory RNAs of meningococci, controlling general metabolic switches, add an exciting twist to their versatile repertoire in bacterial pathogens.IMPORTANCERegulatory small RNAs (sRNAs) of pathogens are coming to be recognized as highly important components of riboregulatory networks, involved in the control of essential cellular processes. They play a prominent role in adaptation to physiological changes as represented by different host environments. They can function as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression to orchestrate metabolic adaptation to nutrient stresses. Here, we identified highly conserved sibling sRNAs inNeisseria meningitidiswhich are functionally involved in the regulation of gene expression of components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These novel sibling sRNAs that function by antisense mechanisms extend the so-called stringent response which connects metabolic status to colonization and possibly virulence as well as pathogenesis in meningococci.
Metabolic equivalents fail to indicate metabolic load in post-myocardial infarction patients during the modified Bruce treadmill walking test
Authors: Woolf-May K , Meadows S , Ferrett D , Kearney E 
Published: March 2017

AimTo investigate the suitability of metabolic equivalents (METs) for determining exercise intensity in phase-IV post-myocardial infarction (MI) men during the modified Bruce treadmill walking test (MBWT).MethodsTwenty phase-IV post-MI men (mean±SD, aged 64.4±5.8 years) and 20 healthy non-cardiac male controls (59.8±7.6 years) participated. Participants performed a MBWT. Throughout the participants’ heart rate (HR), heart rhythm, expired air parameters and ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) were measured. MET values were compared between groups and those currently ascribed to each stage of the MBWT.ResultsGeneral linear model analysis found no significant differences between groups during the MBWT forVO2,VCO2, HR, METs or RPEs (Borg 6–20 scale). Ascribed METs did not differ from mean METs of post-MIs or controls other than at stage 5 where post-MI METs were significantly lower. Irrespective, the post-MI group worked at a higher percentage of their anaerobic threshold (AT) (respiratory exchange ratio, RER=1.0) (F(2,5)=7.22, p<0.008), higher RER (F(2,5)=11.25, p<0.001) with increased breathing frequency (F(2,5)=7.22, p<0.001). Regression analysis revealed AT to beVO225.6 (mL/kg/min) for post-MI versusVO231.1 (mL/kg/min) for controls. Gross energy expenditure (kcal/min) was greater for the post-MI group compared with controls (F(2,5)=11.22, p<0.001). Throughout the MBWT, post-MI group worked at a higher %AT/MET than controls (F(2,196)=211.76, p<0.01). Body composition did not strongly influence %AT/MET, parameters ofVO2, METs or RPE.ConclusionDuring the MBWT, post-MI men worked more anaerobically per MET (%AT/MET) than controls. Therefore, current METs based on non-cardiac individuals appear unsuitable in determining the full metabolic load of the exercise intensity for cardiac patients during the MBWT.
Modified-release prednisone for polymyalgia rheumatica: a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study
Authors: Cutolo Maurizio , Hopp Michael , Liebscher Stefan , Dasgupta Bhaskar , Buttgereit Frank 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of modified-release (MR) versus immediate-release (IR) prednisone in newly diagnosed glucocorticoid (GC)-naïve patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).MethodsPatients were randomised to double-blind MR prednisone (taken at approximately 22:00) or IR prednisone (taken in the morning), 15 mg/day for 4 weeks. The primary end point was complete response rate (≥70% reduction in PMR visual analogue scale, duration of morning stiffness and C reactive protein (CRP) (or CRP <2× upper limit of normal (ULN))) at week 4. Non-inferiority was decided if the lower 95% confidence limit (MR vs IR prednisone) was above −15%. 400 patients were planned but only 62 were enrolled due to difficulties in recruiting GC-naïve patients with PMR with CRP ≥2×ULN.ResultsThe percentage of complete responders at week 4 was numerically greater for MR prednisone (53.8%) than for IR prednisone (40.9%). Non-inferiority of MR versus IR prednisone was not proven in the primary analysis on the per protocol population (N=48; treatment difference: 12.22%; 95% CI −15.82% to 40.25%). However, sensitivity analysis on the full analysis population showed an evident trend favouring MR prednisone (N=62; treatment difference: 15.56%; 95% CI −9.16% to 40.28%). Adverse events were generally mild and transient with no unexpected safety observations.ConclusionsThe study showed a clear trend for favourable short-term efficacy of MR prednisone versus IR prednisone in early treatment of PMR. Further studies are warranted.Trial registration numberEudraCT number 2011-002353-57; Results.
Management of diaphyseal tibial fractures by plate fixation with absolute or relative stability: a retrospective study of 45 patients
Authors: Concha Sandoval Juan Manuel , Osma Rueda José Luis , Sandoval Daza Alejandro 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundFixation of diaphyseal tibial fractures by plates is not considered the best option due to complications that may eventually arise; however, if principles of stability and proper surgical techniques are used, it is possible to obtain fracture consolidation without major risks.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional observational descriptive study by retrospectively analyzing medical records of patients with diaphyseal tibial fractures that were treated with plates from the period between June 2011 and June 2014 at San José and Susana López Hospitals in the city of Popayan, Colombia. 3 treatment groups were created and analyzed according to the type of fracture (Association Osteosynthesis/Osteosynthesis Trauma Association AO/OTA): group I: simple fractures 42A/B, absolute stability; group II: simple fractures 42A/B, Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique, relative stability; group III: multifragmentary fractures 42C, MIPO technique, relative stability. A descriptive analysis of patients, fracture consolidation time, and complications in each group were performed.Results45 patients with tibial fractures treated with osteosynthesis plates were analyzed. Group I: 14 patients, 42A (n=13) and 42B (n=1), had an average consolidation time of 16.38 (SD=1.98) and 14 weeks, respectively. In group II: 19 patients, out of which 18 achieved fracture consolidation (42A n=15 and 42B n=3) with an average time of 17.4 (SD=3.33) and 17.3 weeks (SD=6.11), respectively. Finally, in group III: 12 patients all with 42C fractures with a consolidation time of 16.86 (SD=2.93) weeks. The average fracture consolidation time for all 44 patients was 16.86 weeks (SD 2.93).ConclusionsOsteosynthesis plates are an alternative to intramedullary nailing for diaphyseal tibial fractures and their outcomes can be favorable as long as the management of soft tissues and the proper principle of stability are taken into account.Level of evidenceIV.
Contribution a la biologie de Peripatus acacioi Marcus et Marcus. II. Variations du poids des animaus en fonction du sexe et du nombre des Lobopodes
Authors: Campiglia Sylvia , Lavallard Roger 
Published: March 2017

1 - No conjunto da amostragem, a maioria dos animais tem um peso inferior a 900 mgr e a distribuição de frequência dos pesos é bimodal com um modo entre 100 e 199 mgr e um modo entre 400 e 499 mgr.2 - A distribuição de frequência dos pesos considerada separadamente nos machos e nas fêmeas é unimodal. O valor modal aproximado é, para os machos de 169 mgr e para as fêmeas, de 455 mgr, daí a distribuição de frequência bimodal dos pesos no conjunto da amostragem. AS fêmeas são então masi pesadas do que os machos, da ordem de 2,7 vezes.3 - As distribuições de frequência dos pesos consideradas separadamente nos machos de 25 e 26 pares de lobópodos, são unimodais. O recobrimento dos polígonos e a distribuição unimodal de frequência dos pesos para o conjunto dos machos, mostram que o número de lobópodos não tem influência sobre o peso dos indivíduos.4 - As distribuições de frequência dos pesos consideradas separadamente nas fêmeas de 27 a 28 pares de lobópodos apresentam irregularidades provavelmente ligadas ás gestações a aos partos. Entretanto, o ecobrimento dos polígonos e a distribuição unimodal de frequência dos pesos para o conjunto das fêmeas estabelecem que, como nos machos, o número de lobópodos não tem influência sobre o peso dos indivíduos.
Dados hematológicos da cavala Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier), do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Pitombeira Maria Da Silva , Gomes Francisca Vânia Barreto , Martins José Murilo 
Published: March 2017

Os autroes apresentam alguns dados hematológicos da cavala, Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier), das águas costeiras do nordeste brasileiro.Expressos em valores médios, os principais resultados obtidos são os seguintes: eritrócitos = 3.910.800/mm3, hemoglobina = 10,9 g%, hematócrito = 49%, leucócitos totais = 31.392/mm3 e trombócitos = 11.054/mm3. A fórmula leucocitária mostra-se assim distribuída, linfócitos = 78,7%, monócitos = 10,8%, neutrófilos = 10,4% e eosinófilos = 0,1%. foi realizado o estudo morfológico e citoquímico dos diversos elementos celulares.Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com outros relativos à mesma espécie, da costa atlântica dos Estados Unidos da América. Igualmente, foram feitas comparações com dados hematológicos da serra, Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill), tanto do nordeste brasileiro como da outra área geográfica acima referida.
The regulation of the activity rhythm of the crab (Trichodactylus petropolitanus)
Authors: Valente Domingos , Edwards George A. 
Published: March 2017

Para registro da atividade locomotora do caranguejo de água doce, Trichodactylus petropolitanus foi construido um aparelho compreendendo uma roda plástica e um barógrafo adaptado para registro em 8 dias. Trichodactylus normalmente mostra atividade noturna e seu ritmo de atividade é invarável no escuro constante e na iluminação constante.A remoção de um ou ambos os pendúnculos oculares causa uma diminuição na atividade total e interrompe o ritmo normal de 24 horas. Injeção de extrato de pedúnculo em animais sem os dois peduncúlos causa a volta, em quantidade, ao normal, mas não restabelece o ritmo da atividade.Injeção de extrato de pedúnculo em animaisnormais, durante o período de atividade locomotora, provoca a parada da atividade.Trichodactylus, assim, assemelha-se na sua atividade e na regulação hormonal a Cambarus e Uca.
A construção dos ninhos e a reprodução de alguns peixes neotrópicos (Cichlidae - gen. Cichla e Astronotus)
Authors: Sawaya Paulo , Maranhão Alba De Albuquerque 
Published: March 2017

1. Os tucunarés assú, putanga e híbrido, respectivamente: Cichla ocellaris Bloch & Schneider, C. temensis Humboldt e o produto do cruzamento de ambas estas espécies, procriam abundatemente nos lagos do jardim do Museu Paraense "Emilio Goeldi", e também em tanques experimentais; o mesmo dá-se com os Apaiarís [Astronotus ocellatus (spix)]. 2. Todas essas Cíchlidas constróem ninhos no fundo dos lagos ou dos tanques de experimentação; a construção precede à postura (Tucunarés) ou a ela se segue (Apaiarís).3. Não se verificou a presença de ovos na cavidade bucal de nenhuma destas espécies.4. Mais prolíficos são os Tucunarés assú (até 10.000 ovos em cada postura); aseguir vêm os T. putanga (3-4000) e depois os T. híbridos (5-6000); finalmente, os Apaiarís põem cerca de 1.200 ovos de cada vez.5. Todas estas Cíchlidas cuidam da prole, defendendo-a de inimigos, sendo os Apaiarís os mais ativos.6. Os T. tinga não procriaram no mesmo ambiente onde vivem os demais Tucunarés, mas deram produtos de hibridação unicamente com os T. assú.7. Os híbridos de T. tinga x T. assú na fase jovem têm caracteres semelhantes aos dos jovens de T. assú.8. As larvas dos Apaiarís possuem a cauda adatada à respiração, tal como acontece com o Acara e a Traíra. Com as dos Tucunarés o mesmo não se dá.
Mecanismo da respiração de Trichodactylus petropolitanus (Goeldi)
Authors: Valente Domingos 
Published: March 2017

O estudo que acabo de fazer sôbre o "Mecanismo da respiração de Trichodactylus petropolitanus (Goeldi)", conduz a vários resultados que poderão ser assim resumidos: 1. As brânquias de Tr. são rígidas, quitinosas, e de fórmula 9 + 3 Ep.2. A câmara brânquial de Tr. é rpovida de duas fendas: a inhalante localisada na articulação do chelípede com o Brânquiostégito e a exhalante no epistômio. Eventualmente a água póde, também, penetrar pelos pertuitos da articulação do brânquiostégito com os esternitos.3. As superfícies endopleural e a exopleural do sistema brânquial são libertadas dos detritos pela ação dos epipódios (flabella).4. Os orgão reguladores da ventilação da câmara brânquial são os escafognatitos, os quais são imprescindíveis à respiração em meio aquático.5. Os escafognatitos batem com a frequência de 120 por minuto em média, o Tr. achando-se em água de 5-6 mg/l de oxigênio por litro e a 23°C.6. A frequência e a intensidade dos batimentos dos escafognatitos variam de acôrdo com a temperatura, com a presença da água, com as excitações mecânicas diretas e indiretas, com as tensões de O2 e as de CO2 e com o pH.7. O optimum de temperatura é de 27°C e o do pH 8.8. No meio aquático a frequência dos batimentos dos escafognatitos aumenta com a diminuição da tensão do oxigênio; a elevação desta tensão acima de 6 mg/l não tem efeito sensível sôbre a frequência.9. No meio aquático a elevação da taxa de gás carbônico provoca, quando pequena, aumento da frequência e diminuição da amplitude dos batimentos dos escafognatitos; e, quando em excesso, determina a narcose do animal.10. O consumo de oxigênio pelos Tr., em meio aquático varia com a idade do animal (indicada pelos pesos) mas não em relação à unidade de peso.11. O Q.R. em meio aquático é, em média 0.654, e em meio aéreo é, em média 0.67.12. A discussão dêstes resultados é feita no presente trabalho.13. O fatos dos Trichodactylus resisterem durante muito tempo fôra dágua indica que, no ar, os Tr. têm uma respiração de emergência.14. Não obstante ser o Q.R. em meio aéreo igual ao Q.R. em meio aquático, as trocas de gases naquele meio são mais intensas que neste.15. É evidente a influência do pH sôbre a ventilação. Os batimentos dos escafognatitos cessam quando o Tr. é mantido em água a pH 5.16. A direção da corrente da água dentro câmara brânquial foi estudada e determinada experimentalmente. Quando os Tr. se acham imersos na água, há na câmara brânquial, uma diminuição de pressão que provoca a entrada da água até as regiões posteriores da câmara.
On the function of haemoglobin in limnic oligochaeta
Authors: Mendes E. G. , Pérez González M. D. , Coutinho M. L. 
Published: March 2017

O consumo de oxigênio de Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri foi medido a 25°C, em água em equilíbrio com atmosferas contendo 21, 15, 10, 5, 2.5 e 1% de oxigênio, com (no escuro) e sem adição de monóxido de carbono em quantidade suficiente para saturar a hemoglobina do sangue. O consumo normal médio de oxigênio de Limnodrilus, a 25°C, é 1,02 mm3/mg (seco)/hora.
Lawfare in Hybrid Wars: The 21st Century Warfare
Authors: Munoz Mosquera Andres B. , Bachmann Sascha Dov 
Published: March 2017

In the context of ‘Hybrid Warfare’ as 21st Century’s threat to peace and security, this paper intends to address the role of Lawfare. The use of law as a weapon, Lawfare,
1

can have a tangible impact on democratic States when their adversaries use it in an exploitative way. Lawfare can be used in the context of Hybrid War.
2
Examples of Hybrid Warfare as witnessed in the Russian/Ukrainian conflict of 2014/2015 and the ongoing conflict with Daesh are particularly sensitive to Lawfare due to an apparent asymmetric adherence to the international rule of law among involved actors. The different legal and ethical approach of democratic States in warfare and their non-democratic opponents in Hybrid War scenarios has the potential to impact negatively on the eventual prompt success of Western military actions. The authors argue that against this backdrop it is essential for law-abiding nations to adapt an approach which uses counter-Lawfare means in support of its own legitimate objectives and to prevent opponents from using it law as a weapon for their own strategic purposes.
Assessment of a Long-Term High-Resolution Hydroclimatic Dataset for the U.S. Midwest
Authors: Niyogi Dev , Jacobs Elin M. , Liu Xing , Kumar Anil , Biehl Larry , Rao P. Suresh C. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A new, high-resolution (4 km), gridded land surface dataset produced with the Land Information System (LIS) is introduced, and the first set of synthesis of key hydroclimatic variables is reported. The dataset is produced over a 33-yr time period (1980–2012) for the U.S. Midwest with the intent to aid the agricultural community in understanding hydroclimatic impacts on crop production and decision-making in operational practices. While approximately 20 hydroclimatic variables are available through the LIS dataset, the focus here is on soil water content, soil temperature, and evapotranspiration. To assess the performance of the model, the LIS dataset is compared with in situ hydrometeorological observations across the study domain and with coarse-resolution reanalysis products [NARR, MERRA, and NLDAS-2 (phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System)]. In agricultural regions such as the U.S. Midwest, finescale hydroclimatic mapping that links the regional scale to the field scale is necessary. The new dataset provides this link as an intermediate-scale product that links point observations and coarse gridded datasets. In general, the LIS dataset compares well with in situ observations and coarser gridded products in terms of both temporal and spatial patterns, but cases of strong disagreement exist particularly in areas with sandy soils. The dataset is made available to the broader research community as an effort to fill the gap in spatial hydroclimatic data availability.
A Closure for Internal Wave–Mean Flow Interaction. Part II: Wave Drag
Authors: Eden Carsten , Olbers Dirk 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA novel concept for parameterizing internal wave–mean flow interaction in ocean circulation models is extended to an arbitrary two-dimensional flow with vertical shear. The concept is based on the description of the entire wave field by the wave-energy density in physical and wavenumber space and its prognostic computation by the radiative transfer equation integrated in wavenumber space. Energy compartments result for the horizontal direction of wave propagation as additional prognostic model variables, of which only four are taken here for simplicity. The mean flow is interpreted as residual velocities with respect to the wave activity. The effect of wave drag and energy exchange due to the vertical shear of the residual mean flow is then given simply by a vertical flux of momentum. This flux is related to the asymmetries in upward, downward, alongflow, and counterflow wave propagation described by the energy compartments. A numerical implementation in a realistic eddying ocean model shows that the wave drag effect is a significant sink of kinetic energy in the interior ocean.