bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do trade reforms affect changes in patterns of comparative advantage?
Authors: Choi Namsuk 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of foreign trade liberalization and trade reforms on the process of structural upgrading, and explore the extent to which they provide impetus for exports.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper accounts for trade liberalization dates, cumulative years in open regime, and the density of 1,006 products in the patterns of comparative advantage for 132 countries from 1975 to 2000. The effects of trade liberalizations and trade reforms in open regime on future export performance are estimated by using various empirical strategies.

Findings
This paper finds that the speed of moving from simple poor-country goods to rich-country goods in export depends not only on having a route to nearby goods of increasingly higher value, but also on the increase in the cumulative years in open regime. In particular, a 1 percent change in the relatedness across products with trade reform in open regime increases the probability of exporting a new product by 2.0 percent more.

Originality/value
A contribution of this paper is that it measures the extent to which trade reform in open regime affects the evolution of comparative advantage, even after taking account of the role of relatedness of exported products as in the Hausmann and Klinger (2006, 2007). In this paper, empirical findings of a comprehensive product level cross-country time-series data analysis may contribute to generalize the role of trade reform on structural upgrading not only for a pro-competitive export country like Korea but also for a typical developing country.
Underutilisation of self-service libraries in Chinese cities
Authors: Zhou Lihong , Song Yaqian , Zhou Tong 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
Self-service libraries (SSLs) have been regarded as an effective approach to provide convenient book services to the enormously large populations of China’s cities. These SSLs are in fact automatic book service machines, which provide a combination of services, including reading card issuing, book lending and returning, and book reservations and collection. However, despite acclaimed success, SSL services are not well received by patrons and are underutilised. The purpose of this paper is to identify and understand the causes of the underutilisation of SSL services in Chinese cities.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted an inductive approach and a case study research design. The SSL services in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei Province, were adopted as the case study, in which 20 public librarians, SSL workers and managers, and library patrons were approached and interviewed using semi-structured question scripts. The interview data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.

Findings
The analysis pointed to 13 causes in three main themes: management problems, service limitations, and the implicit role of government. Further conceptualisation of the findings revealed that the underutilisation of SSL services has resulted from the absence of a patron-centric perspective and the negligence of patrons’ needs and requirements. Therefore, to increase the popularity and usage of SSLs, it is necessary to develop patron-centric management mechanisms through which patrons’ needs and requirements can be effectively understood and responded to.

Originality/value
This study aims to develop specific suggestions to improve the usage of SSLs. Furthermore, although this study focuses on SSL development in China, this research can provide useful suggestions and implications that can be shared across international borders.
E-books in the mobile age: advocacy and acceptance in India
Authors: Ghosh Maitrayee 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to understand e-books’ popularity in India and the potential of mobile devices to reach huge number of readers because of content absorption through mobile phones and iPods.

Design/methodology/approach
To accomplish the goal of this study, the author used a mixed method of study: an analysis of the academic literature, data collection through personal interaction, questionnaire survey and library website to understand users’ perceptions on potential of mobile devices on access to content, and appraised on mobile-friendly services in libraries and strategies for promoting mobile content and best practices.

Findings
The mobile age has brought tremendous scope for reading on low-cost mobile devices that are within the reach of almost every Indian and has incorporated optimism in a highly populated country like India. The technology and expertise for digitisation in India correlate with not only digital-savvy but also multimedia- and animation-skilled workforce, which altogether developed an ecosystem favourable for e-book production.

Originality/value
The literature on e-books in India is scanty, although there are a handful of case studies on academic libraries conducted by librarians but no systematic large-scale research on initiatives, advocacy programs and promotional processes to improve the overall scenario; this paper is an attempt to fill the gap.
Universities as multinational enterprises? The multinational university analyzed through the eclectic paradigm
Authors: Guimon Jose 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to examine the emergence of multinational universities through the lens of Dunning’s eclectic paradigm.

Design/methodology/approach
An analytical framework combining the eclectic paradigm with the three missions of universities is proposed to explore the motives behind the cross-border activity of universities.

Findings
Although the analogy between a university and a multinational enterprise is flawed, this paper shows how the eclectic paradigm can still serve the purpose of better understanding why universities locate fully pledged campuses or research departments in foreign locations. A set of implications for universities and host countries are also discussed.

Originality/value
The internationalization of universities has been widely analyzed in the higher education literature, but few attempts have been made to draw connections with international business research. The originality of this paper lies in addressing this cross-disciplinary gap.
Network analyses reveal intra‐ and interspecific differences in behaviour when passing a complex migration obstacle
Authors: Kirk Mark A. , Caudill Christopher C. 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Network theory offers new perspective on movement data by evaluating the relationships between animal movements (links) and detection locations (nodes) in spatially complex systems, including human‐altered landscapes.

We applied network analyses to intra‐ and interspecific movement patterns in the migration behaviour and dam passage success of two anadromous fish species, Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus Gairdner and Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum, when moving through a large multifishway hydroelectric project (Bonneville Dam, USA).

Network analyses revealed greater variation in movement for Pacific lamprey compared with Chinook salmon. Salmon that passed the dam had networks consisting of more direct passage routes with fewer overall movements compared with lamprey that passed the dam. Lamprey that did not pass the dam exhibited a wide range of behaviours, from approaching only one fishway site to testing all possible passage routes. Accounting for the time spent in the network improved the ability to detect biological differences in network structure for lamprey that did and did not pass the dam.

The movement patterns likely resulted from different behavioural responses to complex environmental and internal factors affecting a philopatric species (Chinook salmon) vs. a non‐philopatric species (Pacific lamprey) when moving through an engineered environment designed primarily for salmon.

Synthesis and applications. Our case study highlights the potential for network analyses to link questions of basic movement ecology with monitoring of movement and behaviour in human‐altered landscapes. Network analyses can thus serve as a valuable tool for describing movement and behaviour in the face of environmental change and assessing the effectiveness of mitigation efforts at spatially complex obstacles to animal movement.
Community management indicators can conflate divergent phenomena: two challenges and a decomposition‐based solution
Authors: Adams Georgina L. , Jennings Simon , Reuman Daniel C. 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Community indicators are used to assess the state of ecological communities and to guide management. They are usually calculated from monitoring data, often collected annually. Since any given community indicator provides a univariate summary of complex multivariate phenomena, different changes in the community may lead to the same response in the indicator. Sampling variation can also mask ecologically important trends.

This study addresses these challenges for community indicators, with a focus on the large fish indicator (LFI), internationally used to report status of marine fish communities. The LFI expresses ‘large’ fish biomass as a proportion of total fish biomass and is calculated from species–size–abundance data collected on trawl surveys. We develop new methods to decompose the contributions of species, sampling locations and season to trends over time in the LFI, and highlight consequences for assessment and management.

Our results showed that both species and locations made divergent contributions to overall trends in the LFI indicator, with contributions differing by several orders of magnitude and in sign. Only small proportions of species and locations drove overall LFI trends, and their contributions changed with season (spring and autumn surveys). To assess significance of component trends, a resampling method was developed. Our method can be generalized and applied to many other community indicators based on survey data.

Synthesis and applications. Our new method for decomposing community indicators and generating confidence intervals makes it possible to extract much more information on what drives a ‘headline’ indicator, providing a solution to challenges arising from multiple possible interpretations of changes in the indicator and from sampling variation. Analysis of the effects of indicator components on headline indicator values is recommended, because the results allow assessors and managers to identify and interpret how divergent factors (e.g. species, sampling locations and seasons) contribute to the headline indicator value.
How will predicted land‐use change affect waterfowl spring stopover ecology? Inferences from an individual‐based model
Authors: Beatty William S. , Kesler Dylan C. , Webb Elisabeth B. , Naylor Luke W. , Raedeke Andrew H. , Humburg Dale D. , Coluccy John M. , Soulliere Gregory J. 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, overexploitation and climate change pose familiar and new challenges to conserving natural populations throughout the world. One approach conservation planners may use to evaluate the effects of these challenges on wildlife populations is scenario planning.

We developed an individual‐based model to evaluate the effects of future land use and land cover changes on spring‐migrating dabbling ducks in North America. We assessed the effects of three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emission scenarios (A1B, A2 and B1) on dabbling duck stopover duration, movement distances and mortality. We specifically focused on migration stopover duration because previous research has demonstrated that individuals arriving earlier on the nesting grounds exhibit increased reproductive fitness.

Compared to present conditions, all three scenarios increased stopover duration and movement distances of agent ducks.

Although all three scenarios presented migrating ducks with increased amounts of wetland habitat, scenarios also contained substantially less cropland, which decreased overall carrying capacity of the study area.

Synthesis and applications. Land‐use change may increase waterfowl spring migration stopover duration in the midcontinent region of North America due to reduced landscape energetic carrying capacity. Climate change will alter spatial patterns of crop distributions with corn and rice production areas shifting to different regions. Thus, conservation planners will have to address population‐level energetic implications of shifting agricultural food resources and increased uncertainty in yearly precipitation patterns within the next 50 years.
Successful conservative treatment of cervical pregnancy with uterine artery embolization followed by curettage: a report of 19 cases
Authors: Hu J , Tao X , Yin L , Shi Y 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveThe purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of uterine artery embolization (UAE) followed by curettage for conservative management of cervical pregnancy.DesignRetrospective review.SettingPeking University First Hospital.SamplePatients with cervical pregnancy diagnosed by trans‐vaginal ultrasound at Peking University First Hospital between January 2003 and December 2014.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical background and outcomes of patients with cervical pregnancy who underwent UAE followed by curettage for prevention of massive vaginal bleeding and removal of gestational tissue from the cervix. We also reviewed the literature on the role of UAE in the treatment of cervical pregnancy.Main outcome measuresClinical assessments included gestational age, gravidity, endocervical canal mass, serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐HCG) level, blood loss, hospitalisation stay and expenses, time of resumption of menstruation and subsequent pregnancy outcomes.ResultsA total of 19 patients with cervical pregnancy treated with UAE followed by curettage were identified. Curettage was performed 24–72 hours after UAE in 16 patients, within 24 hours after UAE in three patients. None of the patients underwent a hysterectomy as a result of cervical pregnancy. Of the nine patients with available follow‐up information (median follow‐up time 59 months), eight resumed normal menstruation and one had a term pregnancy with a normal vaginal delivery. Quick regression of serum β‐HCG level, low blood loss and short hospital stay were observed.ConclusionUAE combined with curettage is a safe, effective and fertility‐sparing choice for treatment of patients with cervical pregnancy.Tweetable abstractA serial of 19 patients with cervical pregnancy treated with UAE followed by curettage showed a good prognosis.
Performance of prenatal screening using maternal serum and ultrasound markers for Down syndrome in Chinese women: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tu S , Rosenthal M , Wang D , Huang J , Chen Y 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundControversies about the performance of conventional prenatal screening using maternal serum and ultrasound markers (PSMSUM) in detecting Down syndrome (DS) have been raised as a result of a recently available noninvasive prenatal test based on cell‐free fetal DNA sequencing.ObjectivesTo evaluate the screening performance of PSMSUM in detecting DS in Chinese women.Search strategyAn exhaustive literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science and China BioMedical Disc.Selection criteriaPrimary studies, published from January 2004 to November 2014, which examined the screening accuracy of PSMSUM in pregnant Chinese women, compared with a reference standard, either chromosomal verification or inspection of the newborn.Data collection and analysisData were extracted as screening positive/negative results for Down and non‐Down syndrome pregnancies, allowing estimation of sensitivities and specificities. Risks of bias within and across studies were assessed. Screening accuracy measures were pooled using a bivariate random effects regression model.Main resultsSeventy‐eight studies, involving six categories of PSMSUM, were included. Second‐trimester double serum [pooled sensitivity (SEN) = 0.80, pooled specificity (SPE) = 0.95] and triple‐serum (pooled SEN = 0.79, pooled SPE = 0.96) screening were the predominant PSMSUM methods. The screening performances of these methods achieved the national standard but varied enormously across studies. First‐trimester combined screening (pooled SEN = 0.92, pooled SPE = 0.93) and second‐trimester quadruple serum screening (median SEN = 0.86, median SPE = 0.96) performed better, but were rarely used.Author's conclusionsSecond‐trimester maternal serum screening has the potential to achieve satisfactory screening performance in middle‐ and low‐income countries. The reported enormous range in screening performance of second‐trimester PSMSUM calls for urgent implementation of methods for performance optimization.Tweetable abstractMeta‐analysis results show good accuracy of maternal serum and ultrasound screening for trisomy 21 in Chinese women.
Socioeconomic Differences in Use of Low‐Value Cancer Screenings and Distributional Effects in Medicare
Authors: Xu Wendy Yi , Jung Jeah Kyoungrae 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveConsuming low‐value health care not only highlights inefficient resource use but also brings an important concern regarding the economics of disparities. We identify the relation of socioeconomic characteristics to the use of low‐value cancer screenings in Medicare fee‐for‐service (FFS) settings, and quantify the amount subsidized from nonusers and taxpayers to users of these screenings.Data Sources2007–2013 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, Medicare FFS claims, and the Area Health Resource Files.Study DesignOur sample included enrollees in FFS Part B for the entire calendar year. We excluded beneficiaries with a claims‐documented or self‐reported history of targeted cancers, or those enrolled in Medicaid or Medicare Advantage plans. We identified use of low‐value Pap smears, mammograms, and prostate‐specific antigen tests based on established algorithms, and estimated a logistic model with year dummies separately for each test.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsSecondary data analyses.Principal FindingsWe found a statistically significant positive association between privileged socioeconomic characteristics and use of low‐value screenings. Having higher income and supplemental private insurance strongly predicted more net subsidies from Medicare.ConclusionsFFS enrollees who are better off in terms of sociodemographic characteristics receive greater subsidies from taxpayers for using low‐value cancer screenings.
Tyrosine decarboxylase activity of Enterococcus mundtii: new insights into phenotypic and genetic aspects
Authors: Gatto Veronica , Tabanelli Giulia , Montanari Chiara , Prodomi Valentina , Bargossi Eleonora , Torriani Sandra , Gardini Fausto 
Published: September 2016

SummaryFew information is available about the tyraminogenic potential of the species Enterococcus mundtii. In this study, two plant‐derived strains of E. mundtii were selected and investigated to better understand the phenotypic behaviour and the genetic mechanisms involved in tyramine accumulation. Both the strains accumulated tyramine from the beginning of exponential phase of growth, independently on the addition of tyrosine to the medium. The strains accumulated also 2‐phenylethylamine, although with lower efficiency and in greater extent when tyrosine was not added. Accordingly, the tyrosine decarboxylase (tyrDC) gene expression level increased during the exponential phase with tyrosine added, while it remained constant and high without precursor. The genetic organization as well as sequence identity levels of tyrDC and tyrosine permease (tyrP) genes indicated a correlation with those of phylogenetically closer enterococcal species, such as E. faecium, E. hirae and E. durans; however, the gene Na+/H+ antiporter (nhaC) that usually follow tyrP is missing. In addition, BLAST analysis revealed the presence of additional genes encoding for decarboxylase and permease in the genome of several E. mundtii strains. It is speculated the occurrence of a duplication event and the acquisition of different specificity for these enzymes that deserves further investigations.
The Relationship Between Airway Antioxidant Levels, Alcohol Use Disorders, and Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Burnham Ellen L. , McNally Alicia , Gaydos Jeanette , Brown Lou Ann S. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAlcohol use disorders (AUDs) and cigarette smoking are associated with pulmonary oxidative stress, likely related to antioxidant depletion. Pulmonary oxidative stress may adversely affect innate immunity, leading to increased pneumonia susceptibility and severity, including development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. In people with AUDs, most of whom smoke, antioxidant therapy can potentially restore immune cell function and attenuate pneumonia development. Challenges to human investigations of antioxidant therapies include an inability to identify pulmonary oxidative stress noninvasively and the optimal route to deliver pulmonary antioxidants. We sought to determine whether bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) measures of thiol antioxidants from a 50‐ml upper airway aliquot approximated those in the alveolar space and to determine whether AUDs and/or smoking affected these relationships.MethodsHealthy human subjects with and without AUDs, including smokers and nonsmokers, underwent BAL. Samples obtained after the first 50‐ml normal saline aliquot were analyzed as representing bronchial airways; subsequent 50‐ml aliquots were analyzed as representative of the alveolar space. Reduced and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, cysteine (Cys), and its oxidized species, cystine, along with mixed disulfides (MDs) were quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The percent of total thiols present in their oxidized forms, and thiol redox potentials, were calculated.ResultsPositive correlations between upper and lower BAL fluid thiol species were observed that were most robust for GSSG (ρ = 0.85), Cys (ρ = 0.83), and MDs (ρ = 0.69), but poor for thiol redox potential measures. In contrast to nonsmokers (either with or without AUDs), in subjects with AUDs who smoked, upper BAL fluid %GSSG, Cys, and MD measures were relatively increased compared to lower.ConclusionsA small volume BAL procedure may be suitable to assess intrapulmonary oxidative stress related to thiol depletion. Factors including AUDs and smoking may disproportionately increase upper airways oxidative stress that could be relevant for therapeutic interventions.