bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of welding direction in the fatigue life of aluminium FS welded lap joints
Authors: Duarte F.F. , Infante Virgínia Isabel V. , Moreira P.M.G. , de Freitas M. , de Castro P.M.S.T. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– Friction stir welding lap joints of aluminum alloy AA6082-T6 were joined using two distinct configurations. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the welding line direction on the fatigue life of the specimens. For that purpose, specimens with the welding line parallel to the loading direction and with the welding line perpendicular to the loading direction were designed and manufactured. Fatigue tests were performed under constant amplitude load and stress ratio of R=0.1. As shown in previous studies, the hook defect plays a decisive role in the mechanical behavior of the joint, in particular when submitted to fatigue. The specimen geometry with the welding line parallel to the loading direction showed a superior fatigue behavior: for a given number of cycles to rupture, the level of stress is approximately twice as high as for the perpendicular configuration.

Design/methodology/approach
– Two finite element models were created in order to study the behavior of the welded zone and, in particular, to compare influence of the hook defect in both configurations.

Findings
– The specimen geometry with the welding line parallel to the loading direction showed a superior fatigue behavior: for a given number of cycles to rupture, the level of stress is approximately twice as high as for the perpendicular configuration.

Originality/value
– The main objective of this work is to study the effect of the welding line direction on the fatigue life of the specimens. For that purpose, specimens with the welding line parallel to the loading direction and with the welding line perpendicular to the loading direction were designed and manufactured. Fatigue tests were performed under constant amplitude load and stress ratio of R=0.1. As shown in previous studies, the hook defect plays a decisive role in the mechanical behavior of the joint, in particular when submitted to fatigue.
SIF determination with digital image correlation
Authors: Tavares Paulo J , Ramos Tiago , Braga Daniel , Vaz Mario A P , Moreira Pedro Miguel Guimarães Pires 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– Hybrid methods, wherefore numerical and experimental data are used to calculate a critical parameter, have been used for several years with great success in Experimental Mechanics and, in particular, in fracture mechanics. The purpose of this paper is to report on the comparison of the strain field from numerical modelling forecasts against the experimental data obtained with the digital image correlation method under Mode II loading in fatigue testing. The numerical dual boundary element method has been established in the past as a very reliable method near singular regions where stresses tend to grow abruptly. The results obtained from the strain data near the crack tip were used in Williams expansion and agree fairly well with both the numerical results and the analytical solution proposed for pure Mode II testing.

Design/methodology/approach
– The work presented in this note is experimental. The proposed methodology is of an hybrid experimental/numerical nature in that a numerical stress intensity factor calculation hinges upon a stress field obtained with an image method.

Findings
– The obtained results are an important step towards the development of a practical tool for crack behaviour prediction in fatigue dominated events.

Research limitations/implications
– The results also stress the necessity of improving the experimental techniques to a point where the methods can be applied in real-life solicitations outside of laboratory premises.

Originality/value
– Although several research teams around the globe are presently working in this field, the present research topic is original and the proposed methodology has been presented initially by the research team years ago.
Effect of microtubule‐associated protein‐4 on epidermal cell migration under different oxygen concentrations
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhou Xin , Mao Tong‐Chun , Shi Xiao‐hua , Fan Dong‐li , Zhang Yi‐ming 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAfter skin trauma, regional epidermal cell migration mediates the re‐epithelialization of the wound surface, which is an important step for wound healing, yet the underlying molecular regulatory mechanism is unclear. In the current study, HaCaT cells were maintained under different oxygen concentrations (1%, 21%, 40% and 65%). Technologies including immunofluorescence staining, wound scratch, transwell invasion, western blot and low‐expression lentiviral vector were utilized to observe the changes in microtubule dynamics and the microtubule‐associated protein (MAP)4 expression. MAP4's effect on cell migration under different oxygen concentrations was also studied. The results showed that under hyperoxic (40% and 65%) and hypoxic (1%) conditions, HaCaT cells were able to regulate cell microtubule dynamics by MAP4, thus promoting cell migration. On the other hand, MAP4 silencing through targeted shRNA attenuated HaCaT cell migration under the above oxygen concentrations. These results imply that MAP4 plays an important role in epidermal cell migration under different oxygen concentrations.
The Green House Model of Nursing Home Care in Design and Implementation
Authors: Cohen Lauren W. , Zimmerman Sheryl , Reed David , Brown Patrick , Bowers Barbara J. , Nolet Kimberly , Hudak Sandra , Horn Susan ,   the THRIVE Research Collaborative
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo describe the Green House (GH) model of nursing home (NH) care, and examine how GH homes vary from the model, one another, and their founding (or legacy) NH.Data Sources/Study SettingData include primary quantitative and qualitative data and secondary quantitative data, derived from 12 GH/legacy NH organizations February 2012—September 2014.Study DesignThis mixed methods, cross‐sectional study used structured interviews to obtain information about presence of, and variation in, GH‐relevant structures and processes of care. Qualitative questions explored reasons for variation in model implementation.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsInterview data were analyzed using related‐sample tests, and qualitative data were iteratively analyzed using a directed content approach.Principal FindingsGH homes showed substantial variation in practices to support resident choice and decision making; neither GH nor legacy homes provided complete choice, and all GH homes excluded residents from some key decisions. GH homes were most consistent with the model and one another in elements to create a real home, such as private rooms and baths and open kitchens, and in staff‐related elements, such as self‐managed work teams and consistent, universal workers.ConclusionsAlthough variation in model implementation complicates evaluation, if expansion is to continue, it is essential to examine GH elements and their outcomes.
An Impact Velocity Device Design for Blood Spatter Pattern Generation with Considerations for High‐Speed Video Analysis,
Authors: Stotesbury Theresa , Illes Mike , Vreugdenhil Andrew J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA mechanical device that uses gravitational and spring compression forces to create spatter patterns of known impact velocities is presented and discussed. The custom‐made device uses either two or four springs (k1 = 267.8 N/m, k2 = 535.5 N/m) in parallel to create seventeen reproducible impact velocities between 2.1 and 4.0 m/s. The impactor is held at several known spring extensions using an electromagnet. Trigger inputs to the high‐speed video camera allow the user to control the magnet's release while capturing video footage simultaneously. A polycarbonate base is used to allow for simultaneous monitoring of the side and bottom views of the impact event. Twenty‐four patterns were created across the impact velocity range and analyzed using HemoSpat. Area of origin estimations fell within an acceptable range (ΔXav = −5.5 ± 1.9 cm, ΔYav = −2.6 ± 2.8 cm, ΔZav = +5.5 ± 3.8 cm), supporting distribution analysis for the use in research or bloodstain pattern training. This work provides a framework for those interested in developing a robust impact device.
Preliminary Evidence for the Usefulness of Standardized Nursing Terminologies in Different Fields of Application: A Literature Review
Authors: Törnvall Eva , Jansson Inger 
Published: November 2015

PurposeTo examine the effects of using standardized terminologies in nursing.MethodsA systematic literature research was conducted in June 2015 going back to January 2007. A modified narrative synthesis was used as the structure for the analysis.ResultsTwenty‐three articles were included. Three themes were identified: enable evaluation of nursing‐sensitive outcome indicators, enable calculation of resource consumption, and characterize nursing care.ConclusionsThe studies included in the analysis described evidence for usefulness rather than effect. In all the studies, standardized nursing terminology was found to be essential for measuring, clarifying, and understanding nursing care.Implications for Nursing PracticeThe use of standardized terminologies could be advantageous. However, there are shortcomings in nursing documentation and the use of standardized nursing terminologies that obstruct evaluation of nursing care.
The rs5934505 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with low testosterone and late‐onset hypogonadism, but the rs10822184 SNP is associated with overweight and obesity in a Chinese Han population: a case–control study
Authors: Chen Y.‐p. , Nie L.‐L. , Li H.‐g. , Liu T.‐h. , Fang F. , Zhao K. , Yang R.‐f. , Ma X.‐l. , Kong X.‐b. , Zhang H.‐p. , Guan H.‐t. , Xia W. , Hong W.‐x. , Duan S. , Zeng X.‐c. , Shang X.‐j. , Zhou Y.‐z. , Gu Y.‐q. , Wu W.‐x. , Xiong C.‐l. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryLow testosterone is associated with late‐onset hypogonadism (LOH) and obesity. Recently, studies have shown that four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs12150660, rs727428, rs5934505, and rs10822184, are associated with testosterone levels in populations of European descent. Therefore, we investigated whether the SNP loci are related to low testosterone, LOH, or obesity in a Chinese Han population. Ruling out co‐morbidities, DNA was prepared from 409 men (aged 40–65 years) with low serum testosterone (defined as total testosterone <11.6 nmol/L) and 1 : 1 normal controls (matched age, body mass index (BMI), and the same living area) who were selected from 6898 males. According to the same standards, 310 men with LOH and 1 : 1 normal controls were selected from 6898 males. Excluding the cases with an unreliable sequencing result, genetic analyses were performed. The minor allele frequencies of the SNP loci rs12150660, rs727428, rs5934505, and rs10822184 were 0.1%, 44.6%, 18.7%, and 38.9%, respectively. rs5934505 was associated with the serum total testosterone and calculated free testosterone (CFT) levels (p = 0.045 and p = 0.021). rs5934505 (C>T) was associated with an increased risk of low total testosterone, low CFT, and LOH and adjusted for other factors, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.01 (1.34–3.01), 2.14 (1.42–3.20), and 1.64 (1.04–2.58). rs10822184 was significantly correlated with weight and BMI (p = 0.035 and p = 0.027). rs10822184 (T>C) was associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity. We adjusted for other factors, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.94 (1.36–2.78) and 1.56 (1.00–2.43). In summary, our study provided convincing evidence that rs5934505 (C>T) was associated with the risk of low testosterone and LOH in Chinese populations. We were the first to find that rs10822184 (T>C) was significantly correlated with the risk of overweight and obesity in Chinese populations. However, further large and functional studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Interspecific variation in ovipositor morphology among Manaosbiid and Nomoclastid Harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores)
Authors: Brooks Emily A. , Townsend Victor R. , Allen Elizabeth A. , Tuthill Margaret A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe external anatomy of the ovipositor has generally been overlooked as a source of informative characters in systematic studies of laniatorean harvestmen. In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine the ovipositors of nine species representing the families Manaosbiidae (five species) and Nomoclastidae (four species). Similar to the ovipositor morphology of many gonyleptoidean families, the distal tips of the ovipositors of these harvestmen have four external lobes, with the margins most commonly adorned with 10 large peripheral setae. In manaosbiid and nomoclastid species, these peripheral setae have undivided bases, striated shafts and undivided distal tips. There are typically three setae on each anterior lobe and two setae on each posterior lobe. The medial setae on both anterior and posterior lobes insert into sockets that are slightly more dorsal. We observed small, surface denticles, usually associated with a pore, on the external surface of the lobes. There was interspecific and intraspecific variation in the number and shape of these surface denticles. The association of pores with denticles on the ovipositor appears to be a feature common to not only both families but is also a trait that has not been observed on ovipositors in other families of laniatorean harvestmen.
Application of a novel collaboration engineering method for learning design: A case study
Authors: Cheng Xusen , Li Yuanyuan , Sun Jianshan , Huang Jianqing 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCollaborative case studies and computer‐supported collaborative learning (CSCL) play an important role in the modern education environment. A number of researchers have given significant attention to learning design in order to improve the satisfaction of collaborative learning. Although collaboration engineering (CE) is a mature method widely used for collaboration design, there is limited research as to whether CE is useful for learning design, in particular, case studies. Therefore, in this paper, we designed a contrastive case study in two small classes of a Chinese university. In the first part, we encouraged a teacher to use CE tools to design a learning process. Since Chinese students had limited access to CE platforms, we used our special tool—the Discussion Platform as the main CE tool. A total of 40 students and a teacher collaborated in our first experiment and were asked to complete a survey upon completion of the interviews. In our comparison study, the teacher gave the same task to another 31 students, yet omitted the use of CE tools to design the learning process. In this paper, we compare the results obtained and determine the advantage that CE methods have on learning effectiveness and student satisfaction.
Multidimensional indices of clinical oral conditions from a population perspective: a systematic review
Authors: Figueiredo Daniela de Rossi , Bastos João Luiz , Silva Luciana , Peres Karen Glazer 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the literature on indices that assess different clinical oral conditions simultaneously from a population perspective.MethodsA search of the literature was carried out considering articles indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, and LILACS, using search queries containing free and controlled vocabulary. The search included validity and reproducibility studies on the development of indices that assessed, simultaneously, at least two of the following oral morbidities: dental caries, periodontal status, and occlusal conditions, regardless of their indication for specific age or age groups.ResultsOf the 2240 studies identified, 21 were considered eligible to be included in this study. Most studies (70% n = 14) were published between the 1960s and the 1990s. Eight indices were identified and half of these originated from the United States. For most indices, the minimum age indicated was 19 years and above. All the indices evaluated dental caries, and more than 2/3 evaluated periodontal status. None evaluated need for prosthesis and one included need for treatment. Interobserver and intra‐observer reliability values were 0.7 or above. Most studies only presented content validity.ConclusionsAlthough few normative oral health indices and validation studies were developed after the 1990s, the reliability values of all the reviewed studies were satisfactory; however, they did not present a refinement in terms of validity. This evidence suggests that further studies are needed to demonstrate the validity and/or reproducibility of multidimensional measures of clinical oral conditions.
Transanal vs laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: initial experience from Denmark
Authors: Perdawood S. K. , Al Khefagie G. A. A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimLaparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LaTME) has improved short‐term outcomes of rectal cancer surgery with comparable oncological results to open approach. LaTME can be difficult in the lowermost part of the rectum, leading potentially to higher rates of complications, conversion to open surgery and probably suboptimal oncological quality. Transanal TME (TaTME) can potentially solve these problems. The aim of this study was to compare the short‐term results after TaTME with those after LaTME.MethodA prospectively collected database of consecutive patients who underwent TaTME was maintained. Results were compared with those who underwent LaTME in the preceding period. Patients who underwent low anterior resection or intersphincteric abdominoperineal excision were included. Primary end‐points were radical resection and specimen quality. Secondary end‐points were complications, rates of conversion, operating time and hospital stay.ResultsIn total, 50 patients were included (TaTME = 25, LaTME = 25). The groups were comparative in demographic data and tumour characteristics. Circumferential resection margin was positive in one patient in the TaTME group vs four patients in the LaTME group (P = 0.349). All patients in the TaTME group had either complete or nearly complete specimen quality, while four patients in the LaTME group had incomplete specimen quality (P = 0.113). Less blood loss, shorter operating time and shorter hospital stay were found in the TaTME group (P values 0.016, 0.002 and 0.020 respectively). Intra‐operative complications were comparable (P = 0.286).ConclusionThe TaTME procedure had comparable pathological results and acceptable short‐term postoperative outcomes compared to LaTME.
Severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with COPD
Authors: Dursunoglu Neşe , Dursunoglu Dursun , Yıldız Ali İhsan , Uludag Burcu , Alaçam Zahide Namlı , Sarıçopur Ahmet 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has many comorbidities such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. Chronic low‐grade systemic inflammation and oxidative stress play a significant role in CAD and COPD. We analysed that impact of COPD on intensity and severity of coronary artery lesions on the angiogram in the groups of patients with COPD according to the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades updated in 2015.MethodsThe study included 102 COPD patients and 80 randomly selected subjects without any pulmonary disease who underwent coronary angiography. According to the GOLD grade for COPD, patients were divided into four groups: A, B, C and D. The severity and extent of CAD were determined using the Gensini score.ResultsThere were no significant between‐group differences in age, body mass index, smoking history, plasma lipids levels, frequency of hypertension, diabetes and CAD. The mean Gensini score in patients with COPD was significantly higher than those without (respectively, 25.7 ± 32.9 vs 17.5 ± 24.8, P = 0.01). While Gensini score was the highest level in the patient group D (64.9 ± 34.9), it was the lowest level in the patient group A (10.2 ± 19.4, P = 0.0001). The Gensini scores increased in accordance with increases in the GOLD grades. We observed that COPD was independently predictive for Gensini score after a multi‐variate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio 1.374; 95% confidence interval 1.672–9.232; P = 0.001).ConclusionSeverity and intensity of coronary atherosclerosis increases in accordance with increases in the GOLD grades for COPD.
Serum Cripto‐1 is a novel biomarker for non‐small cell lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Xu Chun Hua , Wang Yan , Qian Li Hua , Yu Li Ke , Zhang Xiu Wei , Wang Qing Bo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionCripto‐1 (CR‐1) is highly expressed in several different types of human tumors. However, the clinical significance of CR‐1 expression in serum specimens from non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has not yet been determined.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum CR‐1 levels in patients with NSCLC.MethodsSerum specimens from 592 NSCLC patients, 180 benign lung disease patients and 240 healthy controls were collected. The concentrations of CR‐1 were measured by sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsPatients with NSCLC had higher serum CR‐1 levels than the controls (P < 0.01) and patients with benign lung diseases (P < 0.01). When a cutoff point of 1.8 ng/mL was selected (diagnostic specificity 95%), the diagnostic sensitivity for NSCLC is 56.8%. About 37.5% of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)‐negative lung cancer patients were CR‐1 positive at 95% specificity. In patients with stage I/II lung cancer, use of these two markers in combination results in almost 21% increase in sensitivity, at 95% specificity, compared with CEA alone. Uni‐variate analysis revealed that NSCLC patients with positive CR‐1 had a shorter overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) than those with negative CR‐1 [hazard ratio (HR) of 2.93, P = 0.005; HR of 2.12, P = 0.005]. Cox multi‐variate analysis indicated that CR‐1 was an independent prognostic indicator of PFS and OS (HR of 1.91, P = 0.006; HR of 1.82, P = 0.007). Kaplan–Meier survival curves further confirmed that patients with negative CR‐1 had longer PFS and OS (P = 0.026 and P = 0.011, respectively).ConclusionsIn conclusion, measurement of serum CR‐1 is a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for NSCLC patients.