bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticizer DBP Activates NLRP3 Inflammasome through the P2X7 Receptor in HepG2 and L02 Cells
Authors: Ni Jiahua , Zhang Zihui , Luo Xiaoqin , Xiao Lei , Wang Nanping 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTDitubyl phthalate (DBP), one of the most widely used plasticizers, can migrate out to contaminate our bodies and environment. A number of studies have showed that DBP is closely related to liver pathological changes and diseases. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes composed of procaspase and pattern recognition receptors such as Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in the pathogeneses of liver damage. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of DBP on NLRP3 inflammasome. We found that DBP triggered the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatocyte cell lines. By using Ca‐074‐Me, N‐acetylcysteine and KN‐62, we observed that the P2X7 receptor participated in the DBP‐induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. DBP could also trigger the ATP release. In conclusion, we demonstrated that DBP is one of the activator of NLRP3 inflammasome and may play an important role in liver damage.
New chronological data (ESR and ESR/U‐series) for the earliest Acheulian sites of north‐western Europe
Authors: Voinchet Pierre , Moreno Davinia , Bahain Jean‐Jacques , Tissoux Hélène , Tombret Olivier , Falguères Christophe , Moncel Marie‐Hélène , Schreve Danielle , Candy Ian , Antoine Pierre , Ashton Nick , Beamish Matt , Cliquet Dominique , Despriée Jackie , Lewis Simon , Limondin‐Lozouet Nicole , Locht Jean‐Luc , Parfitt Simon , Pope Matt 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIncreasing evidence suggests that bifacial technology (Acheulian, Mode 2) arrived in Europe during the early Middle Pleistocene, i.e. significantly earlier than previously proposed. In northern France and Britain, much of the age attribution for these assemblages has been based on biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy rather than absolute dates. This study presents a systematic application of electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of sedimentary quartz and ESR/U‐series dating of fossil tooth enamel to key Acheulian sites of this area. Although the age estimates have large associated uncertainties, most of the derived dates are consistent with existing age estimates. The new chronologies and the problems associated with dating material of early Middle Pleistocene age are discussed. In Britain, the earliest archaeology (cores and flakes, Mode 1) is older than Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 15, whereas localities containing Acheulian technologies span late MIS 15/MIS 13 through to MIS 9. A similar pattern is seen in northern France although age estimates from sites such as la Noira suggest the possible appearance of the Acheulian in central France as early as MIS 17. The dates presented here support the suggestion that the earliest Acheulian appeared in NW Europe during the early Middle Pleistocene, significantly after its appearance in the southern parts of the continent.
Total liver fat quantification using three‐dimensional respiratory self‐navigated MRI sequence
Authors: Arboleda Carolina , Aguirre‐Reyes Daniel , García María Paz , Tejos Cristián , Muñoz Loreto , Miquel Juan Francisco , Irarrazaval Pablo , Andia Marcelo E. , Uribe Sergio 
Published: November 2015

PurposeMRI can produce quantitative liver fat fraction (FF) maps noninvasively, which can help to improve diagnoses of fatty liver diseases. However, most sequences acquire several two‐dimensional (2D) slices during one or more breath‐holds, which may be difficult for patients with limited breath‐holding capacity. A whole‐liver 3D FF map could also be obtained in a single acquisition by applying a reliable breathing‐motion correction method. Several correction techniques are available for 3D imaging, but they use external devices, interrupt acquisition, or jeopardize the spatial resolution. To overcome these issues, a proof‐of‐concept study introducing a self‐navigated 3D three‐point Dixon sequence is presented here.MethodsA respiratory self‐gating strategy acquiring a center k‐space profile was integrated into a three‐point Dixon sequence. We obtained 3D FF maps from a water‐fat emulsions phantom and fifteen volunteers. This sequence was compared with multi‐2D breath‐hold and 3D free‐breathing approaches.ResultsOur 3D three‐point Dixon self‐navigated sequence could correct for respiratory‐motion artifacts and provided more precise FF measurements than breath‐hold multi‐2D and 3D free‐breathing techniques.ConclusionOur 3D respiratory self‐gating fat quantification sequence could correct for respiratory motion artifacts and yield more‐precise FF measurements. Magn Reson Med 76:1400–1409, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
The effect of time to release of an obstructing synthetic mid‐urethral sling on repeat surgery for stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Abraham Nitya , Makovey Iryna , King Ashley , Goldman Howard B. , Vasavada Sandip 
Published: November 2015

AimsThe primary objectives were to describe the rate of repeat surgery for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after release of an obstructing synthetic mid‐urethral sling (MUS) and to evaluate the effect of time from sling placement to sling release on repeat surgery rates. The secondary objective was to assess rates of recurrent and persistent SUI.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of women who underwent synthetic MUS release (incision or excision of segment of sling) from 2005–2013. SUI rates and repeat surgery were ascertained by patient report and urinary distress inventory (UDI‐6) questionnaire responses. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results107 patients were included. Median time to sling release was 22 months (IQR 5–49 months). 43.2% were transobturator slings. 15/107 patients (14%) underwent repeat surgery for SUI. On multivariable analysis, women were significantly less likely to undergo repeat surgery for SUI when sling release was performed >24 months after initial sling surgery (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02–0.85, P = 0.03) compared to release within 3 months. 49% and 77% reported recurrent and persistent SUI after sling release, of which 83% were significantly bothered.ConclusionThe repeat surgery rate for SUI was 14%. The rate of recurrent SUI was 49%. Most of these women were significantly bothered. On multivariate analysis, longer interval to sling release was associated with decreased likelihood of repeat surgery for SUI. The reason for a low repeat surgery rate for SUI despite a high rate of bothersome SUI should be explored in future studies. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:349–353, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Addition of PSMA ADC to enzalutamide therapy significantly improves survival in in vivo model of castration resistant prostate cancer
Authors: DiPippo Vincent A. , Nguyen Holly M. , Brown Lisha G. , Olson William C. , Vessella Robert L. , Corey Eva 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDDespite multiple new therapies available to patients with advanced castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the overall survival benefit still remains relatively short. Therefore, it is important to investigate additional treatment options that could achieve greater efficacy. Because of tumor heterogeneity and the development of resistance to treatment with single agents, combination therapies using existing drugs with new agents can potentially broaden individual therapeutic windows and achieve improved efficacy and safety profiles. The objective of the current studies was to evaluate the efficacy of combination of enzalutamide (ENZ) with prostate specific membrane antigen antibody drug conjugate (PSMA ADC) to inhibit CRPC patient‐derived xenografts (PDX) in a preclinical setting.METHODSSubcutaneous LuCaP 96CR prostate cancer PDX bearing mice were treated with a single dose of PSMA ADC (2.0 mg/kg) or 5 days a week ENZ (50 mg/kg) as monotherapy or with a combination of these two agents. The effects of the PSMA ADC+ENZ combination were compared to PSMA ADC alone, ENZ alone, and placebo control. IHC analyses were performed to determine PSMA, AR, ARV7, and GR expression and effects on proliferation.RESULTSAll treatments inhibited tumor progression but with different efficacy. At 6 weeks, in the control and ENZ groups all tumors were progressing, while in the PSMA ADC group only 5/11 were progressing, two remained unchanged and four tumors had decreased tumor volume. Moreover, all animals in the PSMA ADC+ENZ group had smaller tumors at week 6 when compared to their size at enrollment (week 0). A 14‐week followup showed that all three treatments resulted in significant survival benefits but the combination effects were the most pronounced resulting in PSMA ADC+ENZ versus ENZ HR = 0.093 (P = 0.0045) and PSMA ADC+ENZ versus PSMA ADC HR = 0.051 (P = <0.0001) with no deaths observed in the combination group.CONCLUSIONSOur results clearly indicate that the combination of PSMA ADC+ENZ possesses strong antitumor activity and significantly improves survival over ENZ monotherapy using the LuCaP 96CR PDX model. These results provide a strong rationale for clinical testing of PSMA ADC in combination with ENZ and/or other androgen‐directed treatment strategies. Prostate 76:325–334, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new dwarf seal from the late Neogene of South America and the evolution of pinnipeds in the southern hemisphere
Authors: Valenzuela‐Toro Ana M. , Pyenson Nicholas D. , Gutstein Carolina S. , Suárez Mario E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlong the south‐western coast of South America, three genera of fossil phocids (true seals) have been formally described from the late Neogene:AcrophocaandPiscophocafrom Chile and Peru, and, more recently,Hadrokirusfrom Peru, which all represent medium‐ to large‐sized phocids. Here, we report the discovery ofAustralophoca changorumgen. et sp. nov., a diminutive phocid from the late Miocene of the Bahía Inglesa Formation (northern Chile) and Pisco Formation (southern Peru), comparable in size with the smallest species of modern phocids. This taxon is based on diagnostic postcranial material, including a humerus that has an elongated deltopectoral crest but lacks an entepicondylar foramen; a femur with a subtrochanteric fossa, among other characters; in combination with a relatively small body size. All these features together distinguishA. changorumfrom all other reported pinnipeds. This new taxon not only increases the taxonomic and morphological diversity of phocids of the late Neogene of the eastern South Pacific Ocean, but it also provides new insights about the evolutionary history of fossil pinniped assemblages in South America and, broadly, in the southern hemisphere.
Image‐guided tumor surgery: will there be a role for fluorescent nanoparticles?
Authors: Hill Tanner K. , Mohs Aaron M. 
Published: November 2015

Image‐guided surgery (IGS) using fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) has the potential to substantially impact patient treatment. The use of fluorescence imaging provides surgeons with real‐time feedback on the location of diseased tissue using safe, low‐cost imaging agents and instrumentation. Fluorescent NPs are likely to play a role as they are capable of taking advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and can be modified to avoid clearance, increase circulation time, and specifically target tumors. Clinical trials of IGS using the FDA‐approved fluorophores indocyanine green and methylene blue have already shown preliminary successes, and incorporation of fluorescent NPs will likely improve detection by providing higher signal to background ratio and reducing false‐positive rates through active targeting. Preclinical development of fluorescent NP formulations is advancing rapidly, with strategies ranging from passive targeting to active targeting of cell surface receptors, creating pH‐responsive NPs, and increasing cell uptake through cleavable proteins. This collective effort could lead to clinical trials using fluorescent NPs in the near future. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:498–511. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1381This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Posthepatectomy Liver Failure Affects Long‐Term Function After Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nakamura Naohiko , Hatano Etsuro , Iguchi Kohta , Seo Satoru , Taura Kojiro , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined whether the severity of posthepatectomy liver failure (PLF) affected the long‐term postoperative liver recovery of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 395 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy from 2004 to 2012 at the Kyoto University Hospital. The severity of PLF between postoperative days 5 and 10 was categorized according to the International Study Group of Liver Surgery criteria. We compared the Child‐Pugh (C‐P) score, platelet count (PLT), and the ratio of future remnant liver volume (FRLV) to the total liver volume (%RLV) at 3, 6, and 12 months after hepatectomy in the non‐PLF, grade A, and grade B groups.ResultsThe non‐PLF, grade A, and grade B groups contained 272, 63, and 56 patients, respectively. The C‐P score in the grade A group recovered from 5.37 points before hepatectomy to 5.38 points at 12 months after hepatectomy. The C‐P score in the grade B group increased from 5.51 to 6.81 points at 3 months and was significantly higher (6.00 points) at 12 months than in the non‐PLF group (5.47 points). The PLT significantly decreased at 12 months in the grade B group compared with the non‐PLF group. The %RLV at 12 months in the non‐PLF, grade A, and grade B groups were 84, 83, and 78 %, respectively. The remnant liver hypertrophy in the grade B group was significantly slower than that in the non‐PLF group.ConclusionsPLF severity affects long‐term liver function recovery and remnant liver hypertrophy after hepatectomy.
Original Scientific Reports: Clinicopathological Findings of Remnant Pancreatic Cancers in Survivors Following Curative Resections of Pancreatic Cancers
Authors: Suzuki Shuji , Furukawa Toru , Oshima Nana , Izumo Wataru , Shimizu Kyoko , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective study aimed to evaluate clinicopathological findings of remnant pancreatic cancers in survivors of invasive ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas (PDAC).MethodsA group of 23 patients out of 826 who had curative resections for PDAC between 1980 and 2011 was identified and treated for metachronous pancreatic cancer.ResultsThe following tubular adenocarcinomas were found at the first surgery: 3 well differentiated, 17 moderately differentiated, 1 papillary, and 1 poorly differentiated. Treatments for the remnant pancreas consisted of remnant pancreatectomy in 12 patients, chemotherapy in 6, and the best supportive care in 5. The mean time to treatment was 74.2 months. The 12 patients who received remnant resections had 10 PDACs and 2 intraductal papillary mucinous carcinomas. The median survival time was 31.6 months, and 8 patients are still alive.ConclusionsLong‐term survivors after curative resection for pancreatic cancer should receive follow‐up for remnant pancreatic cancer, and aggressive resection should be considered for more favorable prognosis of PDAC.
The stability of co-authorship structures
Authors: Cugmas Marjan , Ferligoj Anuška , Kronegger Luka 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article examines the structure of co-authorship networks’ stability in time. The goal of the article is to analyse differences in the stability and size of groups of researchers that co-author with each other (core research groups) formed in disciplines from the natural and technical sciences on one hand and the social sciences and humanities on the other. The cores were obtained by a pre-specified blockmodeling procedure assuming a multi-core–semi-periphery–periphery structure. The stability of the obtained cores was measured with the Modified Adjusted Rand Index. The assumed structure was confirmed in all analysed disciplines. The average size of the cores obtained is higher in the second time period and the average core size is greater in the natural and technical sciences than in the social sciences and humanities. There are no differences in average core stability between the natural and technical sciences and the social sciences and humanities. However, if the stability of cores is defined by the splitting of cores and not also by the percentage of researchers who left the cores, the average stability of the cores is higher in disciplines from the scientific fields of Engineering sciences and technologies and Medical sciences than in disciplines of the Humanities, if controlling for the networks’ and disciplines’ characteristics. The analysis was performed on disciplinary co-authorship networks of Slovenian researchers in two time periods (1991–2000 and 2001–2010).
Molecular autopsy in victims of inherited arrhythmias
Authors: Semsarian Christopher , Ingles Jodie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSudden cardiac death (SCD) is a rare but devastating complication of a number of underlying cardiovascular diseases. While coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction are the most common causes of SCD in older populations, inherited cardiac disorders comprise a substantial proportion of SCD cases aged less than 40 years. Inherited cardiac disorders include primary inherited arrhythmogenic disorders such as familial long QT syndrome (LQTS), Brugada syndrome (BrS), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), and inherited cardiomyopathies, most commonly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In up to 40% of young SCD victims (defined as 1–40 years old, excluding sudden unexplained death in infancy from 0 to 1 years, referred to as SIDS), no cause of death is identified at postmortem [so‐called “autopsy negative” or “sudden arrhythmic death syndrome” (SADS)]. Management of families following a SCD includes the identification of the cause of death, based either on premorbid clinical details or the pathological findings at the postmortem. When no cause of death is identified, genetic testing of DNA extracted from postmortem tissue (the molecular autopsy) may identify a cause of death in up to 30% of SADS cases. Targeted clinical testing in a specialized multidisciplinary clinic in surviving family members combined with the results from genetic testing, provide the optimal setting for the identification of relatives who may be at risk of having the same inherited heart disease and are therefore also predisposed to an increased risk of SCD.
Influence of primary and secondary prevention indications on anxiety about the implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator
Authors: Rahmawati Anita , Chishaki Akiko , Ohkusa Tomoko , Sawatari Hiroyuki , Tsuchihashi‐Makaya Miyuki , Ohtsuka Yuko , Nakai Mori , Miyazono Mami , Hashiguchi Nobuko , Sakurada Harumizu , Takemoto Masao , Mukai Yasushi , Inoue Shujirou , Sunagawa Kenji , Chishaki Hiroaki 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundImplantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) have been established for primary and secondary prevention of fatal arrhythmias. However, little is known about the influence of ICD indications on quality of life (QOL) and psychological disturbances. This study aimed to examine whether there were differences in QOL and psychological distress in patients that have an ICD for primary or secondary prevention of fatal arrhythmias.MethodsA multicenter survey of 179 consecutive outpatients (29.1% primary prevention) with ICD implantations completed the Short Form‐8 (SF‐8), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R), State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Worries about ICD (WAICD).ResultsPatients with an ICD for primary prevention had a higher trait anxiety score and worries about ICD score than patients with an ICD for secondary prevention (41.7±12.4 vs. 34.7±12.3, p=0.001 and 39.6±18.0 vs. 30.0±18.9, p=0.002, respectively), even after adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. In multivariable analysis of variance, primary prevention ICD recipients reported a poorer QOL on the vitality subscale of the SF‐8.ConclusionsIn our study population, which mostly consisted of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I and II subjects, primary prevention ICD recipients were more prone to experience worries about their ICD, anxiety, and a poorer QOL compared to secondary prevention ICD recipients. In clinical practice, primary prevention ICD patients should be closely monitored. If warranted, they should be offered psychological intervention, as anxiety and low QOL were predictors of mortality.
TESTIFYING UNDERSTANDING
Authors: Boyd Kenneth 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTWhile it is widely acknowledged that knowledge can be acquired via testimony, it has been argued that understanding cannot. While there is no consensus about what the epistemic relationship of understanding consists in, I argue here that regardless of how understanding is conceived there are kinds of understanding that can be acquired through testimony: easy understanding (e.g. understanding simple and mundane information) and easysunderstanding (e.g. understanding information that might be complex, but is nevertheless easy for an expert S). I address a number of aspects of understanding that might stand in the way of being able to acquire understanding through testimony, focusing on understanding's paradigmatic form and what it means to say that in order to understand something you need to “grasp” some information or the relationship between bits of information. I argue that in cases of both easy and easys understanding, no aspect of understanding stands in the way of it being able to acquire it through testimony. As a result, while not all understanding can be acquired through testimony in all instances and for all subjects, this failure of acquisition is only a product of the complexity of the relevant information or one's unfamiliarity with it, and not a product of the epistemic relationship of understanding.