bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History of the low FODMAP diet
Authors: Gibson Peter R 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt has long been known that many short‐chain carbohydrates can induce abdominal symptoms that are similar to those in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It was hypothesized that restricting the intake of all short‐chain carbohydrates that are either slowly absorbed or not digested in the small intestine should be considered together because they all have similar effects on the intestine by distending the lumen. These groups of carbohydrates were called, Fermentable, Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides and Monosaccharides and Polyols (FODMAPs), because of the lack of a known collective term. By reducing their dietary intake, it was also hypothesized that abdominal symptoms in patients with IBS would be alleviated in patients with visceral sensitivity and a low FODMAP diet was subsequently designed. Over the last 12 years, the mechanisms of action, food content of FODMAPs and efficacy of the diet, among other aspects have been intensively studied. In many parts of the world, the low FODMAP diet is now considered a front‐line therapy for IBS.
Growth factor signaling alters the morphology of the zebrafish ethmoid plate
Authors: Cusack Brian J. , Parsons Trish E. , Weinberg Seth M. , Vieira Alexandre R. , Szabo‐Rogers Heather L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCraniofacial development relies on coordinated tissue interactions that allow for patterning and growth of the face. We know a priori that the Wingless, fibroblast growth factor, Hedgehog and transforming growth factor‐beta growth factor signaling pathways are required for the development of the face, but how they contribute to the shape of the face is largely untested. Here, we test how each signaling pathway contributes to the overall morphology of the zebrafish anterior neurocranium. We tested the contribution of each signaling pathway to the development of the ethmoid plate during three distinct time periods: the time of neural crest migration [10 hour post fertilization (hpf)]; once the neural crest is resident in the face (20 hpf); and finally at the time at which the cartilaginous condensations are being initiated (48 hpf). Using geometric morphometric analysis, we conclude that each signaling pathway contributes to the shape, size and morphology of the ethmoid plate in a dose‐, and time‐dependent fashion.
Surgical management of primary, metastatic and recurrent anal sac adenocarcinoma in the dog: 52 cases
Authors: Barnes D. C. , Demetriou J. L. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo report the outcomes and complications of a cohort of dogs with primary and recurrent anal sac adenocarcinoma managed with surgery as the first‐line treatment. To report the use of lymph node cytology for identification of metastatic disease.MethodsRetrospective review of case records of a single referral centre population of dogs diagnosed with anal sac adenocarcinoma.ResultsFifty‐two clinical cases were identified. Altered ultrasonographic appearance of lymph nodes was highly consistent with metastatic disease as assessed by cytology and histopathology. Seven of 58 (12%) perineal surgeries had reported minor complications and seven (12%) others required further surgical intervention. Minor controllable intraoperative bleeding was the only complication noted associated with lymph node extirpation in two of 39 (5%) metastectomy procedures. Six dogs (12%) suffered local recurrence and 22 (42%) developed subsequent or recurrent nodal metastatic disease. From the time of detection of disease recurrence, median additional survival associated with a second surgical intervention was 283 days.Clinical SignificanceCoeliotomy for lymph node metastatectomy in dogs with adenocarcinoma of the anal sac has low morbidity and should be considered in patients presenting with evidence of regional metastatic disease both at initial presentation and with recurrent disease.
Treatment of inflammatory rectal strictures by digital bougienage: a retrospective study of nine cases
Authors: Lamoureux A. , Maurey C. , Freiche V. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesInflammatory rectal strictures in dogs and cats have been rarely reported. The aim of this study was to describe nine cases and their treatment by digital bougienage.MethodsMedical records of dogs and cats referred for constipation, dyschezia or tenesmus and diagnosed with an inflammatory rectal stricture were obtained from the database of two referral centres between 2007 and 2014 and reviewed.ResultsFour dogs and five cats met the inclusion criteria. Four of the five cats were purebred kittens. Three cats and two dogs had a history of diarrhoea and two dogs had a history of bone ingestion. Digital rectal examination revealed rectal strictures in all cases. Histopathology revealed a lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in all four dogs and in two cats. All cases were treated by digital bougienage. A psyllium‐enriched diet was prescribed in all cats and in two dogs. A complete resolution of clinical signs was reported in all eight cases for which follow‐up information was available.Clinical SignificanceBenign rectal strictures associated with gastrointestinal inflammation should be routinely included in the differential diagnosis of constipation, tenesmus and dyschezia, especially after an episode of acute or chronic diarrhoea. The treatment described here is simple, minimally invasive and effective in the long term.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B‐beta (eIF2Bβ), a new class of plant virus resistance gene
Authors: Shopan Jannat , Mou Haipeng , Zhang Lili , Zhang Changtong , Ma Weiwei , Walsh John A. , Hu Zhongyuan , Yang Jinghua , Zhang Mingfang 
Published: February 2017

SummaryRecessive resistances to plant viruses in the Potyvirus genus have been found to be based on mutations in the plant eukaryotic translation initiation factors, eIF4E and eIF4G or their isoforms. Here we report that natural, monogenic recessive resistance to the Potyvirus Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) has been found in a number of mustard (Brassica juncea) accessions. Bulked segregant analysis and sequencing of resistant and susceptible plant lines indicated the resistance is controlled by a single recessive gene, recessive TuMV resistance 03 (retr03), an allele of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B‐beta (eIF2Bβ). Silencing of eIF2Bβ in a TuMV‐susceptible mustard plant line and expression of eIF2Bβ from a TuMV‐susceptible line in a TuMV‐resistant mustard plant line confirmed the new resistance mechanism. A functional copy of a specific allele of eIF2Bβ is required for efficient TuMV infection. eIF2Bβ represents a new class of virus resistance gene conferring resistance to any pathogen. eIF2B acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for its GTP‐binding protein partner eIF2 via interaction with eIF2·GTP at an early step in translation initiation. Further genotyping indicated that a single non‐synonymous substitution (A120G) in the N‐terminal region of eIF2Bβ was responsible for the TuMV resistance. A reproducible marker has been developed, facilitating marker‐assisted selection for TuMV resistance in B. juncea. Our findings provide a new target for seeking natural resistance to potyviruses and new opportunities for the control of potyviruses using genome editing techniques targeted on eIF2Bβ.
Characteristics of a novel treatment system for linear accelerator–based stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Wen Ning , Li Haisen , Song Kwang , Chin‐Snyder Karen , Qin Yujiao , Kim Jinkoo , Bellon Maria , Gulam Misbah , Gardner Stephen , Doemer Anthony , Devpura Suneetha , Gordon James , Chetty Indrin , Siddiqui Farzan , Ajlouni Munther , Pompa Robert , Hammoud Zane , Simoff Michael , Kalkanis Steven , Movsas Benjamin , Siddiqui M. Salim 
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study is to characterize the dosimetric properties and accuracy of a novel treatment platform (Edge radiosurgery system) for localizing and treating patients with frameless, image‐guided stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Initial measurements of various components of the system, such as a comprehensive assessment of the dosimetric properties of the flattening filter‐free (FFF) beams for both high definition (HD120) MLC and conical cone‐based treatment, positioning accuracy and beam attenuation of a six degree of freedom (6DoF) couch, treatment head leakage test, and integrated end‐to‐end accuracy tests, have been performed. The end‐to‐end test of the system was performed by CT imaging a phantom and registering hidden targets on the treatment couch to determine the localization accuracy of the optical surface monitoring system (OSMS), cone‐beam CT (CBCT), and MV imaging systems, as well as the radiation isocenter targeting accuracy. The deviations between the percent depth‐dose curves acquired on the new linac‐based system (Edge), and the previously published machine with FFF beams (TrueBeam) beyond were within 1.0% for both energies. The maximum deviation of output factors between the Edge and TrueBeam was 1.6%. The optimized dosimetric leaf gap values, which were fitted using Eclipse dose calculations and measurements based on representative spine radiosurgery plans, were 0.700 mm and 1.000 mm, respectively. For the conical cones, 6X FFF has sharper penumbra ranging from (80%‐20%) and (90%‐10%) relative to 10X FFF, which has and , respectively. The relative attenuation measurements of the couch for PA, PA (rails‐in), oblique, oblique (rails‐out), oblique (rails‐in) were: , , , , for 6X FFF and , , , , for 10X FFF, respectively, with a slight decrease in attenuation versus field size. The systematic deviation between the OSMS and CBCT was , , and in the vertical, longitudinal, and lateral directions. The mean values and standard deviations of the average deviation and maximum deviation of the daily Winston‐Lutz tests over three months are and , respectively. Initial testing of this novel system demonstrates the technology to be highly accurate and suitable for frameless, linac‐based SRS and SBRT treatment.PACS number: 87.56.J‐
Comparing three UV wavelengths for pre‐exposing Gafchromic EBT2 and EBT3 films
Authors: Katsuda Toshizo , Gotanda Rumi , Gotanda Tatsuhiro , Akagawa Takuya , Tanki Nobuyoshi , Kuwano Tadao , Yabunaka Kouichi 
Published: February 2017

Gafchromic films are used for X‐ray dose measurements during diagnostic examinations and have begun to be used for three‐dimensional X‐ray dose measurements using the high‐resolution characteristics of Gafchromic films for computed tomography. However, the problem of unevenness in Gafchromic film active layers needs to be resolved. Double exposures using X‐rays are performed during therapeutic radiology, although this is difficult for a diagnostic examination because of a heel effect. Thus, it has been suggested that ultraviolet (UV) radiation be used as a substitute for X‐rays. However, the appropriate UV wavelength has not been determined. Thus, we conducted this study to decide an appropriate UV wavelength. UV peak wavelengths of 245 nm (UV‐A), 310 nm (UV‐B), and 365 nm (UV‐C) were used to irradiate EBT2 and EBT3 films. Each UV wavelength was irradiated for 5, 15, 30, and 60 min, and irradiation was then repeated every 60 min up to 360 min. Gafchromic films were scanned after every irradiation using a flatbed scanner. Images were split into RGB images, and red images were analyzed using ImageJ, version 1.44, image analysis software. A region of interest (ROI) one‐half inch in diameter was placed in the center of subtracted Gafchromic film images, and UV irradiation times were plotted against mean pixel values. There were reactions in the front and back of Gafchromic EBT3 and the back of Gafchromic EBT2 with UV‐A and UV‐B. However, UV‐C resulted in some reactions in both sides of Gafchromic EBT2 and EBT3. The UV‐A and UV‐B wavelengths should be used.PACS number(s): 87.53 Bn
Assessment of radiobiological metrics applied to patient‐specific QA process of VMAT prostate treatments
Authors: Clemente‐Gutiérrez Francisco , Pérez‐Vara Consuelo , Clavo‐Herranz María H. , López‐Carrizosa Concepción , Pérez‐Regadera José , Ibáñez‐Villoslada Carmen 
Published: February 2017

VMAT is a powerful technique to deliver hypofractionated prostate treatments. The lack of correlations between usual 2D pretreatment QA results and the clinical impact of possible mistakes has allowed the development of 3D verification systems. Dose determination on patient anatomy has provided clinical predictive capability to patient‐specific QA process. Dose‐volume metrics, as evaluation criteria, should be replaced or complemented by radiobiological indices. These metrics can be incorporated into individualized QA extracting the information for response parameters (gEUD, TCP, NTCP) from DVHs. The aim of this study is to assess the role of two 3D verification systems dealing with radiobiological metrics applied to a prostate VMAT QA program. Radiobiological calculations were performed for AAPM TG‐166 test cases. Maximum differences were 9.3% for gEUD, for TCP, and 5.3% for NTCP calculations. Gamma tests and DVH‐based comparisons were carried out for both systems in order to assess their performance in 3D dose determination for prostate treatments (high‐, intermediate‐, and low‐risk, as well as prostate bed patients). Mean gamma passing rates for all structures were better than 92.0% and 99.1% for both 2%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm criteria. Maximum discrepancies were and for targets and normal tissues, respectively. Values for gEUD, TCP, and NTCP were extracted from TPS and compared to the results obtained with the two systems. Three models were used for TCP calculations (Poisson, sigmoidal, and Niemierko) and two models for NTCP determinations (LKB and Niemierko). The maximum mean difference for gEUD calculations was ; for TCP, the maximum discrepancy was ; and NTCP comparisons led to a maximum deviation of . The potential usefulness of biological metrics in patient‐specific QA has been explored. Both systems have been successfully assessed as potential tools for evaluating the clinical outcome of a radiotherapy treatment in the scope of pretreatment QA.PACS number(s): 87.56.Fc, 87.55.Qr, 87.55.dk, 87.55.dh, 87.10.Vg, 87.55.km, 87.53.Bn, 87.55.‐x, 87.56.‐v
Comparison of TG‐43 dosimetric parameters of brachytherapy sources obtained by three different versions of MCNP codes
Authors: Zaker Neda , Zehtabian Mehdi , Sina Sedigheh , Koontz Craig , Meigooni1 Ali S. 
Published: February 2017

Monte Carlo simulations are widely used for calculation of the dosimetric parameters of brachytherapy sources. MCNP4C2, MCNP5, MCNPX, EGS4, EGSnrc, PTRAN, and GEANT4 are among the most commonly used codes in this field. Each of these codes utilizes a cross‐sectional library for the purpose of simulating different elements and materials with complex chemical compositions. The accuracies of the final outcomes of these simulations are very sensitive to the accuracies of the cross‐sectional libraries. Several investigators have shown that inaccuracies of some of the cross section files have led to errors in and parameters. The purpose of this study is to compare the dosimetric parameters of sample brachytherapy sources, calculated with three different versions of the MCNP code — MCNP4C, MCNP5, and MCNPX. In these simulations for each source type, the source and phantom geometries, as well as the number of the photons, were kept identical, thus eliminating the possible uncertainties. The results of these investigations indicate that for low‐energy sources such as and there are discrepancies in values. Discrepancies up to 21.7% and 28% are observed between MCNP4C and other codes at a distance of 6 cm for and 10 cm for from the source, respectively. However, for higher energy sources, the discrepancies in values are less than 1.1% for and less than 1.2% for between the three codes.PACS number(s): 87.56.bg
Guidelines for treatment naming in radiation oncology
Authors: Denton Travis R. , Shields Lisa B. E. , Hahl Michael , Maudlin Casey , Bassett Mark , Spalding Aaron C. 
Published: February 2017

Safety concerns may arise from a lack of standardization and ambiguity during the treatment planning and delivery process in radiation therapy. A standardized target and organ‐at‐risk naming convention in radiation therapy was developed by a task force comprised of several Radiation Oncology Societies. We present a nested‐survey approach in a community setting to determine the methodology for radiation oncology departments to standardize their practice. Our Institution's continuous quality improvement (CQI) committee recognized that, due to growth from one to three centers, significant variability existed within plan parameters specific to patients’ treatment. A multidiscipline, multiclinical site consortium was established to create a guideline for standard naming. Input was gathered using anonymous, electronic surveys from physicians, physicists, dosimetrists, chief therapists, and nurse managers. Surveys consisted of several primary areas of interest: anatomical sites, course naming, treatment plan naming, and treatment field naming. Additional concepts included capitalization, specification of laterality, course naming in the event of multiple sites being treated within the same course of treatment, primary versus boost planning, the use of bolus, revisions for plans, image‐guidance field naming, forbidden characters, and standard units for commonly used physical quantities in radiation oncology practice. Guidelines for standard treatment naming were developed that could be readily adopted. This multidisciplinary study provides a clear, straightforward, and easily implemented protocol for the radiotherapy treatment process. Standard nomenclature facilitates the safe means of communication between team members in radiation oncology. The guidelines presented in this work serve as a model for radiation oncology clinics to standardize their practices.PACS number(s): 87.56.bd, 87.56.Fc, 87.55.Qr, 87.55.‐x, 87.55.N‐, 87.55.T‐, 87.55.D‐
On the accuracy of dose prediction near metal fixation devices for spine SBRT
Authors: Cheng Zhangkai J. , Bromley Regina M. , Oborn Brad , Carolan Martin , Booth Jeremy T. 
Published: February 2017

The metallic fixations used in surgical procedures to support the spine mechanically usually consist of high‐density materials. Radiation therapy to palliate spinal cord compression can include prophylactic inclusion of potential tumor around the site of such fixation devices. Determination of the correct density and shape of the spine fixation device has a direct effect on the dose calculation of the radiation field. Even with the application of modern computed tomography (CT), under‐ or overestimation of dose, both immediately next to the device and in the surrounding tissues, can occur due to inaccuracies in the dose prediction algorithm. In this study, two commercially available dose prediction algorithms (Eclipse AAA and ACUROS), EGSnrc Monte Carlo, and GAFchromic film measurements were compared for a clinical spine SBRT case to determine their accuracy. An open six‐field plan and a clinical nine‐field IMRT plan were applied to a phantom containing a metal spine fixation device. Dose difference and gamma analysis were performed in and around the tumor region adjacent to the fixation device. Dose calculation inconsistency was observed in the open field plan. However, in the IMRT plan, the dose perturbation effect was not observed beyond 5 mm. Our results suggest that the dose effect of the metal fixation device to the spinal cord and the tumor volume is not observable, and all dose calculation algorithms evaluated can provide clinically acceptable accuracy in the case of spinal SBRT, with the tolerance of 95% for gamma criteria of .PACS number(s): 87.53.bn, 87.53.Ly, 87.55.kd
Evaluation of the stability of the stereotactic Leksell Frame G in Gamma Knife radiosurgery
Authors: Rojas‐Villabona Alvaro , Miszkiel Katherine , Kitchen Neil , Jäger Rolf , Paddick Ian 
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of the Leksell Frame G in Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKR). Forty patients undergoing GKR underwent pretreatment stereotactic MRI for GKR planning and stereotactic CT immediately after GKR. The stereotactic coordinates of four anatomical landmarks (cochlear apertures and the summits of the anterior post of the superior semicircular canals, bilaterally) were measured by two evaluators on two separate occasions in the pretreatment MRI and post‐treatment CT scans and the absolute distance between the observations is reported. The measurement method was validated with an independent group of patients who underwent both stereotactic MRI and CT imaging before treatment (negative controls; n: 5). Patients undergoing GKR for arteriovenous malformations (AVM) also underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA), which could result in extra stresses on the frame. The distance between landmark localization in the scans for the negative control group (0.63 mm; 95% CI: 0.57–0.70; SD: 0.29) represents the overall consistency of the evaluation method and provides an estimate of the minimum displacement that could be detected by the study. Two patients in the study group had the fiducial indicator box accidentally misplaced at post‐treatment CT scanning. This simulated the scenario of a frame displacement, and these cases were used as positive controls to demonstrate that the evaluation method is capable of detecting a discrepancy between the MRI and CT scans, if there was one. The mean distance between the location of the landmarks in the pretreatment MRI and post‐treatment CT scans for the study group was 0.71 mm (95% CI: 0.68–0.74; SD:0.32), which was not statistically different from the overall uncertainty of the evaluation method observed in the negative control group (). The subgroup of patients with AVM (n: 9), who also underwent DSA, showed a statistically significant difference between the location of the landmarks compared to subjects with no additional imaging: 0.78 mm (95% CI: 0.72–0.84) vs. 0.69 mm (95% CI: 0.66–0.72), . This is however a minimal difference (0.1 mm) and the mean difference in landmark location for each AVM patient remained submillimeter. This study demonstrates submillimeter stability of the Leksell Frame G in GKR throughout the treatment procedure.PACS number(s): 87.53.‐j, 87.53.Ly, 87.56.Fc