bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common breast feeding problems in mothers in early postnatal period
Authors: R. Yogendra Prasad , P. Chandrakala , G. Manasa 
Published: February 2017

Background: Breast feeding is the optimal method of feeding in infants and provides improved short and long term health outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify common breast feeding problems in mothers in early postnatal period.Methods: Four hundred and ninety-four mothers in early postnatal period admitted in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre were enrolled in this study during the period from March 2016 to June 20016.All the mothers were questioned regarding about their knowledge of breast feeding, health education received during Antenatal visits, the problems during breast feeding and were also observed for any mistakes of mothers during breast feeding.Results: In this study, the age of the mothers was in the range between 18-38 years. Out of them most were house wives (87.5%) and from urban area (78.4%). This study showed lacking antenatal education of mothers about breast feeding. Among the study group only about 13% had the knowledge about breast feeding, which reflects real breast feeding problems especially in the postnatal period which is critical period in starting and continuation of breast feeding. Among the problems encountered, majority of the mothers had no experience how to hold the baby in right position for breast feeding (16.5%), mothers believed that milk was not sufficient (13%) and the refusal of the baby to suckle (8.7%).Conclusions: This study clearly shows that there is lack of knowledge regarding importance of breast feeding and its benefits to the baby by mothers, during antenatal visits which leads to all problems during breast feeding and hence has to be tackled earlier during pregnancy by educating them about breast feeding.
Levels and determinants of maternal morbidity in Sangli, Maharashtra, India: a community based study
Authors: Quraishi Sanjay R. , Gaydhanker Anuradha P. , Dhumale Girish B. 
Published: February 2017

Background: In developing countries, the leading cause of disability in women aged 15-44 years is pregnancy and childbirth related complications. Many women do not die of causes related to pregnancy but suffer severe morbidities due to pregnancy related physiological stress.Methods: It is a Community based cross sectional study, conducted at randomly selected villages, towns and households in Sangli, Maharashtra, India. Sampling was done by simple random sampling, with a computed sample size of 3200. Study tool was a pre-tested questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using percentages and Chi-square test. Microsoft Excel and SPSS 22 were used for analysis.Results: The study revealed a high prevalence of maternal morbidity in Sangli, Maharashtra, India. 52.65% women in urban area and 96.53% in rural area suffered from at least one morbidity. In rural area of Sangli, Maharashtra, India maximum of the women surveyed i.e., 30% have primary school education as compared to urban area of Sangli, Maharashtra, India which constitute 34%. A majority of the women in both the districts were suffering from mild complications but the percentage of serious complications is very high in the rural area (15%) than in the urban area (6%).Conclusions: In spite of low levels of perception about maternal morbidities, relatively higher utilization of health services during antepartum period should be taken as an advantage for initiating complete antenatal services, i.e. beyond the coverage of women by TT injection and supply of IFA tablets. The governmental initiation of supplying protein-rich food to pregnant and lactating mothers through ICDS programme has significantly lowered the morbidity levels probably by lessening the levels of anaemia.
Factors associated with therapeutic non-compliance among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: M. Manobharathi , P. Kalyani , Felix A. John William , A. Arulmani 
Published: February 2017

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable diseases causing many serious complications worldwide. Therapeutic non-compliance leads to treatment failure thus making diabetes a serious problem to both the individuals and the health care providers. There are many factors which influence patient’s compliance. The aim of this study is to assess the frequency of therapeutic compliance and factors associated with therapeutic non-compliance.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending the urban health centre, Chidambaram. Compliance and factors associated with non-compliance were assessed using Morisky Medication adherence questionnaire.Results: 108 diabetic patients were enrolled. The overall compliance rate was found to be 39.8%. A statistically significant association was found between non-compliance and associated chronic diseases (p=0.007), financial problems to buy the medicines (p=0.001), reporting side effects with the prescribed medicines (p=0.049), missed at least one dose in last one week(p=0.01).Conclusions: Majority of the patients were non-compliant. This emphasizes the need of strengthening health system and improving patients knowledge through teaching programs.
Pattern of mortality in sudden death: an autopsy study
Authors: Shah Pinkal A. , Gamit Bhavna , Dalal Chintan , Shah Pinal 
Published: February 2017

Background: Sudden death has plagued mankind from time Immemorial. Clinical presentations include wide spectrum from symptom complex to completely asymptomatic. Sudden cardiac death in many cases, ‘first and only symptom. The high incidence, sudden, unexpected nature, combining with the low successful rate of resuscitation, make sudden cardiac deaths a major unsolved problem. Therefore, this study was conducted to illustrate etiolopathology, risk factors and triggers of sudden death with the expectation to provide new insight in epidemiological aspects of sudden death, which will help in care of patients, and prevention of premature cardiac deaths.Methods: A study of 50 cases of sudden death was conducted at tertiary care hospital. After evaluating detailed history from the family members, autopsy has been performed to find out cause of sudden death.Results: Principal culprit of sudden death is cardiovascular disease. Highest numbers of sudden death are in middle age group and having male preponderance might be due to presence of multiple risk factors, which have added or multiplicative effect. There are few autopsy negative cases, which are unexplained sudden death.Conclusions: Sudden and unexpected deaths in young population frequently become the subject of pathologic investigation to determine the cause of death.
A study on caffeine consumption and its association with stress and appetite among call centre employees in Mumbai city, India
Authors: Kale Lakshmi B. , Reddy Kejal Joshi 
Published: February 2017

Background: Caffeine is a widely consumed chemical having controversial effects. Caffeine may interact with the satiety and may be associated with stress levels. The prevalence of caffeine consumption among call centre employees is known to be high. The aim of the study was to assess the caffeine intake, appetite levels, stress levels and correlate these parameters among call centre employees aged between 25-35 yearsMethods: A cross sectional study with purposive sampling was carried out among a call centre at Mumbai, India. Anthropometric measurements and structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Results: The average caffeine intake was 200mg/day through coffee and 150mg/day through tea among the habitual consumers. As per the scoring categories of modified appetite questionnaire (CNAQ), 54.7% (n=64) of the participants were at risk to abnormally low appetite. The stress questionnaire results showed that 84.6% (n=99) of the participants were at high risk to stress. Significant negative association was found between coffee intake and appetite score (r- 0.55, p<0.001), indicating that with more coffee consumption the appetite score was lower, similarly significant negative association was seen between tea consumption and appetite score (r- 0.300, p<0.05). Habitual smoking along with daily coffee intake had a significant negative association with appetite score (r- 0.476, p<0.05). Significant difference (p<0.01) was observed between the mean appetite score of habitual smokers and non-smokers; mean appetite score of non-smokers was greater.Conclusions: Caffeine had a negative impact on the appetite levels. Smoking was observed to worsen the effect of caffeine on appetite.
A study on waiting time and out-patient satisfaction at Gujarat medical education research society hospital, Valsad, Gujarat, India
Authors: Patel Ravikant , Patel Hinaben R. 
Published: February 2017

Background: Gujarat Medical Education Research society started GMERS medical college and tertiary care Hospital in Valsad since last 4 years. As civil Hospital is converted in to tertiary care hospital and many of the departments running in different buildings so, searching the concern OPDs is difficult for patients, waiting time and patients satisfaction is important to avail the services. Patient satisfaction is one of the important goals of any health system, but it is difficult to measure the satisfaction. Aims & objectives were (1) to study the waiting time at various Out Patient Department (OPDs). and various investigation; (2) To study the accessibility of various department of hospital; (3) To study the patient satisfaction on hospital process, behavior of hospital staff and treatment cost.Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study conducted in G.M.E.R.S. Hospital-Valsad for the period of 2 months and total 135 patients were interviewed availing the OPD Services.Results: The mean age of patient attending the OPD was 30.31±15.65 years and majority of them are female patient (54.07%). Hospital staff (48.89%) was main source of guidance for searching the OPDs for consulting the doctor. 54.07% patient registered 20 min after standing in queue. The mean waiting time was 12.16±2.35 min. 94.07% and 98.52% patients were satisfied with treatment cost and behavior of staff respectively.Conclusions: Many patients face the difficulties in finding the various departments. On an average 12 minutes of waiting time outside the various O.P.Ds. They were also satisfied with the treatment cost and behaviour of hospital staff.
Job satisfaction of counsellors at integrated counselling and testing centres (ICTCs) of Delhi, India
Authors: Chellaiyan Vinoth Gnana , Raut Deepak K. , Khokhar Anita 
Published: February 2017

Background: Counselling services play a crucial role in catering clients of integrated counseling and testing centers (ICTCs). The counsellors provide information, education regarding HIV testing and treatment, guidance and support to the clients in taking informed decisions. The counsellors pose challenges due to the burden of client’s number and decreased self-satisfaction in the job. The objective was to assess the job satisfaction of counsellors providing HIV counseling services at ICTCs of Delhi.Methods: The study was cross sectional, conducted in Integrated Counseling and Testing Centers. The study was conducted in 20 selected ICTCs of Delhi. Selection of ICTCs was on the basis of population proportion to size of clients catered. All the counsellors in the selected ICTCs were invited to take part in the study. The interview of the counsellors was completed by maximum of 3 visits. A pretested, structured questionnaire with five point likert scale for satisfaction was used. Chi square test was applied. P value of<0.05 was significant.Results: In 20 ICTCs, a total of 32 counsellors participated in the study. Among 32 counsellors, 14 (43.8%) were males and 18 (56.2%) were females. Majority (93.7%) of counsellors said that refresher counselling training was very useful. Most of the counsellors, 22 (68.7%) suggested that strengthening the collaboration with non-government organizations would increase the number of direct walk-in clients. Majority of the counsellors, 26 (81.2%) said that they were satisfied with the job. However, 19 (59.3) counsellors said that they would change the profession if given a choice.Conclusions: Periodical salary revisions and further career growth in counselling domain, could improve the job satisfaction and would help the counsellors retain the job. This would cut down the additional expenses of the programme for imparting induction training often-times.
Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated at a tertiary care medical centre in New Delhi, India
Authors: Uppal Beena , Mehra Bhanu , Panda Pragyan Swagatika , Kumar Shyam Kishor 
Published: February 2017

Background: Vibrio cholerae is a common cause of acute diarrhea in India. Extensive and injudicious use of antimicrobials has led to the emergence of V. cholerae strains that are resistant to several antibiotics. The present study was conducted to document the antibiogram of V. cholerae strains isolated at an urban health centre in New Delhi. The present study was a retrospective, record-based analysis conducted from January to December 2015, at the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care teaching institute.Methods: Stool samples received in the laboratory were processed as per standard microbiological techniques and all the V. cholerae strains isolated were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing as described in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Data was analyzed using the Epi info software, version 3.5.3, and results depicted in the form of descriptive statistics.Results: Vibrio cholerae was isolated in 70 of the 2340 stool samples processed during the study period. Serogrouping revealed that 66 (94.3%) of the isolates were V. cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa, while non-O1 non-O139 serogroups constituted 4 (5.7%) isolates. The strains exhibited resistance to nalidixic acid (94.3%), ampicillin (92.9 %), ciprofloxacin (55.7%), cefotaxime (41.4%), gentamicin (22.9 %) and amikacin (7.1 %). Conclusions: Our study highlights the significance of regular surveillance of antimicrobial resistance profile of V. cholerae strains for proper management of cholera.
Evaluation of new scoring system predicting the occurrence of deep infection in open fractures patients
Authors: Salama Khaled Morsy , Abdallah Ahmed Abdelbadie , Alghoul Yassin Mohamed Sakr , Mostafa Mohamed Saleh , Zied Elsayed Abdallah Elsayed 
Published: February 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Open fractures of long bones incidence is 11.5 per 100,000 person per year. The management of open fractures had been improved by early adequate surgical debridement and various types of fracture fixation. The Gustilo classification is commonly used for treatment decisions and comparison. Although it had a good prediction power for deep infection but the variability among the inter observer was a problem. Yokoyama et al., 2009 he had advised a new scoring system based on three items of HFS-98 to predicting significant deep infections in open upper and lower extremity fractures.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted at Emergency Department Suez Canal University Hospital on 233 Patients with open fractures of long bones from April 2014 till November 2015. The patients were classified according to the criteria proposed by Gustilo classification &amp; Yokoyama’s new scoring system. The relationship between the new score three items were investigated by categorical regression multivariate analysis.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In this study, we had 233 Patients with open fractures of long bones. Road traffic accidents were the mechanism of injury in (44.6%). Deep infection was positive in 70/233 patients with Gustilo GI. The cut-off point of application of Yokoyama’s new scoring system was 30, Sensitivity; 63.3%, Specificity; 89%, significant P-value &lt;0.001.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>The cut-off point of the new Yokoyama’s new scoring application in this study was slit different from the reported applicable values before. This revised scoring system was thought to be useful for predicting deep. Further prospective trial is needed for advising new scoring system.<p> </p>
A study of surgical management of distal femoral fractures in adults using locking compression plate
Authors: Bachu Srinivas , L Ramulu 
Published: February 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The introduction of locking compression plates with option of locked screws has provided the means to increase the stability of fracture fixation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this study, 30 distal femoral fractures were treated using the distal femoral locking compression plate. All fractures were fresh, closed and operated within 12 days. Follow up duration ranged from 6 to 18 months.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In this study, 20 patients were males and 10 were females. The 23 of the fractures (76.66%), were caused by road traffic accidents, 3 were due to accidental falls (10%), one was due to assault and 3 were due to fall from height.9 patients had associated injuries. All patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using Locking Compression Plate. 6 to 9 holed plates were used. Out of 30 patients 2 went for delayed union and 3 went for non-union. Average knee flexion was 109<sup>o</sup> having knee range of motion more than 100 with 50% patients. Average knee extensor lag was 2.4 degrees with only 4 patients with lag more than 5. 2 patients developed 2 cm shortening. 4 patients had less than 5 degrees of malalignment. 2 patients had deep infection. Functional outcome was measured using NEER's scoring system and was done at the end of 5- 7 months (average of 6 months). Excellent results- 17 (56.66%) good results-8 (26.66%) fair results-2 (6.66%) poor results-3 (10%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> LCP condylar plate represents an evolutionary approach to the surgical management and is an important armamentarium in distal femur fracture fixation, especially when fracture is severely comminuted and in situations of osteoporosis. </p>
Integrating Urban Building Space and Transportation Space to Solve Traffic Congestion
Authors: Zhang Hong 
Published: February 2017

<p>Today, with urban function system increasingly complicated, there exist problems which are seriously hindering urban sustainable development in most cities such as traffic jams, constructive destruction, building space separation with traffic space, poor urban space resource utilization and so on. So the article makes a number of integration methods of urban building space and transportation space from the perspective of urban morphology integration. It tries to integrate urban environment with techniques of multidimensional space interludes, cascading, infiltration between building space and traffic space in three-dimensional space coordinates, to achieve the objectives of proper division, solving traffic congestion problems and the establishment of a new dynamic three-dimensional transport system.</p>
Difficulties and Countermeasures on Fire Protection Design of Large Commercial Building
Authors: Han Wuyi 
Published: February 2017

<p>Large commercial building has gradually become the main trend in commercial buildings recently. In current national fire protection design specification, the lacking of targeted measures for the fire protection design on such building will bring obsession to building designers during the specific engineering design, and it can easily lead to non-compliance with national specification. Therefore, we propose relevant state departments to publish state technical standard on fire control against fire protection design of large commercial building. Based on the collected information, data and conducted experiments, standardize the fire protection design of such buildings, will effectively avoiding formation of major fire potential. </p>
PESCADORES ARTESANAIS E A EXPANSÃO PORTUÁRIA NA PRAIA DO BOQUEIRÃO, ILHA DE SÃO LUÍS-MA
Authors: Ribeiro Itatiane , Castro Antonio Carlos Leal de 
Published: February 2017

Descrição de focos de confl ito socioambientais decorrentes da polarização entre a atividade portuária e a pesca artesanal na praia do Boqueirão. O estudo ocorreu no período de janeiro a abril/2014, utilizando como métodos a observação participante e entrevistas com aplicação de questionários. Verificou intensos confl itos socioambientais na região tanto entre a Vale e os pescadores,quanto entre pescadores nascidos no Boqueirão e pescadores oportunistas. Dos problemas ambientais percebidos, destacam-se o lixo, a construção do Píer IV e o resíduo de minério de ferro lançado no mar. A evolução do uso e ocupaçãodo solo demonstrou que a área estudada vem apresentando modifi cações de caráter antrópico que tem provocado a degradação ambiental do ecossistema, tais como aumento do banco de areia e deposição de minério, que pode afetar diretamente a comunidade pesqueira local.Palavras-chave: Pescador artesanal, expansão portuária e confl itos socioambientais.
Informing citizens, building trust and promoting discussion
Authors: Vrabie Catalin 
Published: February 2017

Where information is cheap, attention becomes expensive. In todayâ€™s society, information is increasingly at hand. Today, via Internet, anyone has access to it. In the online environment, news channels are flooded with updates â€“ most of them being takeovers of official Web sites of the institutions involved. Their huge numbers and increased dynamics demolish any attempt to build confidence in the government source. A few decades ago, the citizen had television as the main source of information. Soon after the number of TV channels has increased, was observed a decrease regarding the television consumerâ€™s confidence in the information provided this way. Before that, the newspaper and the radio went through similar stages. Today Internet is facing it. This paper proposes the realization of a conceptual framework for online delivery of information from the public environment to the citizens, businesses and other government institutions â€“ as part of a success model regarding the public administrationâ€™s communication with the environment it addresses to.
Keywords: web platform, new media, information delivery channel
Breastfeeding Self Effi cacy and Effective Breastfeeding on Postpartum Mother
Authors: Pradanie Retnayu 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Breastfeeding has been identifi ed as the optimal source of nutrition for infants. However, many mothers do not breastfeed their infants excusively. The possible modifi able factors to improve breastfeeding rates are breastfeeding self effi cacy and effective breastfeeding behavior. The aim of this study was to analyze the breastfeeding support package to improve breastfeeding self effi cacy and impact on effective breastfeeding behavior. Method: This study was a quasy experiment pre-post test non equivalent control group design. Samples were 20 respondents recruited using consecutive sampling in Navy Hospital Dr. Ramelan who met the inclusion criteria. Instruments that used in this study were breastfeeding self effi cacy short form and LATCH assessment tool. Results: The score of breastfeeding self effi cacy on experiment group was improve higher than control group. But, the hypothesis test showed that there were no difference score between experiment and control group after intervention (p = 0.104). The correlation between breastfeeding self effi cacy and effective breastfeeding behavior was not signifi cant (p = 0.976). Analisis and Discussion: The antecedent of breastfeeding self effi cacy were not only the information resources but also job and education level. Breastfeeding self effi cacy was not an antecedent of effective breastfeeding behavior. Keywords: breastfeeding self effi cacy, effective breastfeeding, intervention