bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meningococcal ACWY vaccine uptake and awareness among student freshers enrolled at Northern Ireland universities
Authors: Moore Peter J.A. , Millar B. Cherie , Moore John E. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A new MenACWY conjugate meningococcal vaccination programme was introduced in Northern Ireland (NI) in August 2015, for 13–18 year olds, as well as for first-time university entrants up to 25 years. This reflected the response made by Public Health England, due to the recent rapid increase of meningococcal group W (MenW) disease and on advice of the UK Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI). The aims of this study were to evaluate (i) the uptake of the MenACWY vaccine among first-time university students, (ii) vaccine and meningitis awareness, (iii) optimal communication modalities via a multidisciplinary team (MDT) model and (iv) current international vaccination policies relating to non-UK students. A survey was completed by 1210 students, 868 first-time freshers and 342 non-freshers, from healthcare-related, non-healthcare-related and engineering/computing faculties. The survey included an anonymous questionnaire and consented students were aged 17–50 years with a 2:3 ratio of male:female. Vaccine uptake amongst 18-year-old students was 90.7% and 87.3% in female and male cohorts, respectively, falling to 72.1% and 67.7% (19-year cohort) and 32.7% and 39.6% (20- to 25-year cohort) in males and females, respectively. Students reported that posters, clinics and talks were the preferred methods of communication and not social media. There was general lack of awareness of the signs/symptoms of meningitis and approximately 30% of students falsely believed that administration of the MenACWY vaccine excluded the risk of contracting meningitis. Overall, there was a successful vaccination campaign; however, there was a lack of meningitis awareness. Due to differing international meningococcal vaccination schedules, international students enrolling at UK universities need to be informed about current UK policies. For the successful introduction of any vaccination programme amongst university students, it is fundamental that a MDT is established to inform and deliver such a programme in an efficient and timely manner.
Aminoguanidine pretreatment prevents methotrexate-induced small intestinal injury in the rat by attenuating nitrosative stress and restoring the activities of vital mitochondrial enzymes
Authors: Natarajan Kasthuri , Abraham Premila , Kota Rekha , Selvakumar Dhayakani 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background:
One of the major toxic side effects of methotrexate (MTX) is enterocolitis, for which there is no efficient standard treatment. Nitric oxide overproduction has been reported to play an important role in MTX-induced mucositis. This study was designed to investigate whether pretreatment with aminoguanidine (AG) – a selective iNOS inhibitor – prevents MTX-induced mucositis in rats.

Methods:
Rats were pretreated with AG (30 and 50 mg/kg body weight) i.p. daily 1 h before MTX (7 mg/kg body weight) administration for 3 consecutive days. After the final dose of MTX, the rats were killed, and the small intestines were used for analysis.

Results:
The small intestines of MTX-treated rats showed moderate to severe injury. Pretreatment with AG had a dose-dependent protective effect on MTX-induced mucositis. AG pretreatment reduced iNOS protein levels, mucosal nitric oxide levels, and protein tyrosine nitration. AG pretreatment also restored the activities of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, vital tricarboxylic acid (TCA cycle) enzymes, and mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that AG is beneficial in ameliorating MTX-induced enteritis in rats.
Identification of the Joint Effect of a Dynamic Treatment Intervention and a Stochastic Monitoring Intervention Under the No Direct Effect Assumption
Authors: Neugebauer Romain , Schmittdiel Julie A. , Adams Alyce S. , Grant Richard W. , van der Laan Mark J. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The management of chronic conditions is characterized by frequent re-assessment of therapy decisions in response to the patient’s changing condition over the course of the illness. Evidence most suitable to inform care thus often concerns the contrast of adaptive treatment strategies that repeatedly personalize treatment decisions over time using the latest accumulated data available from the patient’s previous clinic visits such as laboratory exams (e.g., hemoglobin A1c measurements in diabetes care). The frequency at which such information is monitored implicitly defines the causal estimand that is typically evaluated in an observational or randomized study of such adaptive treatment strategies. Analytic control of monitoring with standard estimation approaches for time-varying interventions can therefore not only improve study generalizibility but also inform the optimal timing of clinical surveillance. Valid inference with these estimators requires the upholding of a positivity assumption that can hinder their applicability. To potentially weaken this requirement for monitoring control, we introduce identifiability results that will facilitate the derivation of alternate estimators of effects defined by general joint treatment and monitoring interventions in the context of time-to-event outcomes. These results are developed based on the nonparametric structural equation modeling framework using a no direct effect assumption originally introduced in a prior paper that inspired this work. The relevance and scope of the results presented here are illustrated with examples in diabetes comparative effectiveness research.
Turner syndrome and pituitary adenomas: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Yeh Tiffany , Soto Angela Ganan , Quintos Jose Bernardo , Topor Lisa Swartz 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground:Turner syndrome (TS) is the most common sex chromosome abnormality in females, typically associated with primary amenorrhea and premature ovarian failure due to gonadal dysgenesis. The association of TS with hypopituitarism is an uncommon finding. The objective of the study was to describe an adolescent with TS with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and subsequent hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.Case presentation:A 16-year-old female with primary amenorrhea was diagnosed with TS based on karyotype 45,XO. Other laboratory values included FSH 45.52 IU/L, LH 17.4 IU/L, undetectable estradiol, and prolactin 1.08 nmol/L. Two months later and before treatment, she presented with severe headache and a new left cranial nerve VI palsy. Brain MRI showed a 2.7-cm hemorrhagic pituitary macroadenoma expanding the sella. Laboratory evaluation showed FSH 5.9 IU/L, LH 0.9 IU/L, prolactin 0.09 nmol/L, and GH 1.03 ng/mL. She underwent transphenoidal hypophysectomy, and pathology revealed pituitary adenoma with immunohistochemical staining positive for growth hormone and prolactin. She subsequently developed multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. Review of the literature identified eight case reports of women with TS who developed pituitary adenomas.Conclusions:This case illustrates an uncommon co-occurrence of TS and pituitary macroadenoma. Sequential gonadotropin measurements demonstrate the evolution of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism into hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to hemorrhagic pituitary macroadenoma.
Carboxyhemoglobin – the forgotten parameter of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Bailey Douggl G.N. , Fuchs Hans , Hentschel Roland 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground:Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is influenced by a wide variety of factors, one of which is hemolysis. Serious hyperbilirubinemia may lead to a kernicterus with detrimental neurologic sequelae. Patients suffering from hemolytic disease have a higher risk of developing kernicterus. Carbon monoxide (CO), a byproduct of hemolysis or heme degradation, was described by Sjöstrand in the 1960s. It is transported as carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and exhaled through the lungs. We were interested in a potential correlation between COHb and total serum bilirubin (TSB) and the time course of both parameters.Materials and methods:We used a point of care (POC) blood gas analyzer and did a retrospective analysis of bilirubin and COHb data collected over a 60-day period.Results:An arbitrary cut-off point set at 2% COHb identified four patients with hemolytic disease of different origins who required phototherapy. In one patient with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), COHb preceded the rise in bilirubin by about 2 days. Despite this displacement, there was a moderately good correlation of COHb with TSB levels <15 mg/dL (257 μmol/L) (rConclusions:COHb might be useful as a marker for high hemoglobin turnover to allow an earlier identification of newborns at risk to a rapid rise in bilirubin.
Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma infection in pregnancy: to screen or not to screen
Authors: Donders Gilbert G.G. , Ruban Kateryna , Bellen Gert , Petricevic Ljubomir 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMycoplasmata have been linked to pregnancy complications and neonatal risk. While formerly a limited number of species could be discovered by cultures, molecular biology nowadays discovers both lower quantities and more diverse species, making us realize that mycoplasmata are ubiquitous in the vaginal milieu and do not always pose a danger for pregnant women. As the meaning of mycoplasmata in pregnancy is not clear to many clinicians, we summarized the current knowledge about the meaning of different kinds of mycoplasmata in pregnancy and discuss the potential benefits and disadvantages of treatment. Currently, there is no general rule to screen and treat for mycoplasmata in pregnancy. New techniques seem to indicate that
Crystal structure of 1,1′-(3,4-diphenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)bis[1-phenyl-methanone], C32H20O2S2
Authors: Altamimi Rashid , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Aldawsari Fahad , AlRuqi Obaid S. , Alqahtani Nasser 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
C32H20O2S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.2763(8) Å, b = 19.9178(15) Å, c = 11.8597(10) Å, β = 92.828(3)°, V = 2424.3(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.069, wR(F
2) = 0.1782, T = 293(2).
Functional polyketones for the removal of calcium and magnesium from water (Part II): cross-linking and functional characterization
Authors: Figaroa Patrick A. , Miedema Henk , Euverink Gert-Jan , Picchioni Francesco 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Functional polyketones were chemically cross-linked for the softening of hard water, i.e. for the removal of the divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+. Elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, solubility- and swelling-experiments were used to demonstrate the occurrence of the cross-link reaction. Testing the different compounds for their Ca2+ and Mg2+ removal capacity assessed the structure-functionality of the polymers. The corresponding water-insoluble resins were then tested for their Ca2+ and Mg2+ removal capacity-performance being explained in terms of their chemical structure. Ion adsorption of these polymers is not based on an ion exchange, the prevailing mechanism for most currently existing adsorption resins. Rather, the amino functionalized polymers synthesized here adsorb cations as well as their accompanying anionic counterparts, possibly through a chelating mechanism. The obtained results show that functional polyketones are promising in this context as they are easily tunable with the chemical nature of the N-containing groups determining the affinity of the polymer for Ca2+ and/or Mg2+.
Concentrating cesium-137 from seawater using resorcinol-formaldehyde resin for radioecological monitoring
Authors: Egorin Andrei , Palamarchuk Marina , Tokar Eduard , Tutov Mikhail , Marinin Dmitry , Avramenko Valentin 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A method of preconcentrating cesium-137 from seawater using a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, which enables one to optimize the ecological monitoring procedure, has been suggested. Studies of sorption of cesium-137 from seawater by resorcinol-formaldehyde resin have been performed, and it has been demonstrated that the cation exchanger is characterized by high selectivity with respect to cesium-137. It was found that the selectivity depended on the temperature of resin solidification and the seawater pH value. The maximal value of the cesium-137 distribution coefficient is equal to 4.1–4.5×103 cm3 g−1. Under dynamic conditions, the ion-exchange resin capacity is 310–910 bed volumes depending on the seawater pH, whereas the efficiency of cesium removal exceeds 95%. The removal of more than 95% of cesium-137 has been attained using 1–3 M solutions of nitric acid: here, the eluate volume was 8–8.4 bed volumes. Application of 3 M solution of nitric acid results in resin degradation with the release of gaseous products.
Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Acute Resistance Exercise Performed at Imposed and Self-Selected Loads in Recreationally Trained Women
Authors: Cotter Joshua A. , Garver Matthew J. , Dinyer Taylor K. , Fairman Ciaran M. , Focht Brian C. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Cotter, JA, Garver, MJ, Dinyer, TK, Fairman, CM, and Focht, BC. Ratings of perceived exertion during acute resistance exercise performed at imposed and self-selected loads in recreationally trained women. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2313–2318, 2017—Resistance exercise (RE) is commonly used to elicit skeletal muscle adaptation. Relative intensity of a training load links closely with the outcomes of regular RE. This study examined the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses to acute bouts of RE using imposed (40% and 70% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) and self-selected (SS) loads in recreationally trained women. Twenty physically active women (23.15 ± 2.92 years), who reported regular RE training of at least 3 weekly sessions for the past year, volunteered to participate. During the initial visit, participants completed 1RM testing on 4 exercises in the following order: leg extension, chest press, leg curl, and lat pull-down. On subsequent visits, the same exercises were completed at the SS or imposed loads. The RPE was assessed after the completion of each set of exercises during the 3 RE conditions using the Borg-15 category scale. Self-selected loads corresponded to an average of approximately 57%1RM (±7.62). Overall, RPE increased with load (40%1RM = 11.26 [±1.95]; SS 57%1RM = 13.94 [±1.58]; and, 70%1RM = 15.52 [±2.05]). Reflecting the linear pattern found between load and perceived effort, the present data provide evidence that RPE levels less than 15 likely equate to loads which are not consistent with contemporary American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines for enhancing musculoskeletal health which includes strength and hypertrophy. Women desiring increases in strength and lean mass likely need to train at an exertion level at or surpassing a rating of 15 on the Borg-15 category. This article examined the modification of training load on perceived exertion, but other variables, such as the number of repetitions completed, may also be targeted to achieve a desired RPE. The primary understanding is that women who engage in RE may not self-select loads that are consistent with the ACSM recommendations for musculoskeletal health.
Acute Effects of Static Stretching of Hamstring on Performance and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk During Stop-Jump and Cutting Tasks in Female Athletes
Authors: Ruan Mianfang , Zhang Qiang , Wu Xie 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Ruan, M, Zhang, Q, and Wu, X. Acute effects of static stretching of hamstring on performance and anterior cruciate ligament injury risk during stop-jump and cutting tasks in female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1241–1250, 2017—There is limited research investigating antagonist stretch. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of static stretching of hamstrings (SSH) on performance and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk during stop-jump and 180° cutting tasks. Twelve female college athletes (age 20.8 ± 0.7 years; height 1.61 ± 0.05 m; mass 54.25 ± 4.22 kg) participated in this study. Subjects performed stop-jump and 180° cutting tasks under 2 conditions: after warm-up with 4 × 30 seconds SSH or after warm-up without SSH. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data as well as electromyography of biceps femoris, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and gastrocnemius medialis were collected during testing. Static stretching of hamstrings significantly enhanced jump height by 5.1% (p = 0.009) but did not change the takeoff speed of cutting. No significant changes in peak knee adduction moment or peak anterior tibia shear force were observed with SSH regardless of the task. The peak lateral tibia shear force during cutting was significantly (p = 0.036) reduced with SSH. The co-contraction of hamstring and quadriceps during the preactivation (stop-jump: p = 0.04; cutting: p = 0.05) and downward phases (stop-jump: p = 0.04; cutting: p = 0.05) was significantly reduced after SSH regardless of the task. The results suggest that SSH enhanced the performance of stop-jump because of decreased co-contraction of hamstring and quadriceps but did not change the performance of cutting. In addition, SSH did not increase ACL injury risk during stop-jump and cutting tasks and even reduced medial-lateral knee loading during cutting.
Effects of Different Relative Loads on Power Performance During the Ballistic Push-up
Authors: Wang Ran , Hoffman Jay R. , Sadres Eliahu , Bartolomei Sandro , Muddle Tyler W.D. , Fukuda David H. , Stout Jeffrey R. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Wang, R, Hoffman, JR, Sadres, E, Bartolomei, S, Muddle, TWD, Fukuda, DH, and Stout, JR. Effects of different relative loads on power performance during the ballistic push-up. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3411–3416, 2017—The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of load on force and power performance during a ballistic push-up. Sixty (24.5 ± 4.3 years, 1.75 ± 0.07 m, and 80.8 ± 13.5 kg) recreationally active men who participated in this investigation completed all testing and were included in the data analysis. All participants were required to perform a 1 repetition maximum bench press, and ballistic push-ups without external load (T1), with 10% (T2) and 20% (T3) of their body mass. Ballistic push-ups during T2 and T3 were performed using a weight loaded vest. Peak and mean force, power, as well as net impulse and flight time were determined for each ballistic push-up. Peak and mean force were both significantly greater (p < 0.01) during T3 (1,062 ± 202 and 901 ± 154 N, respectively), than both T2 (1,017 ± 202 and 842 ± 151 N, respectively) and T1 (960 ± 188 and 792 ± 140 N, respectively). Peak and mean power were significantly greater (p < 0.01) during T1 (950 ± 257 and 521 ± 148 W, respectively), than both T2 (872 ± 246 and 485 ± 143 W, respectively) and T3 (814 ± 275 and 485 ± 162 W, respectively). Peak and mean power were greatest during T1, regardless of participants' strength levels. Significant (p < 0.01) greater net impulse and smaller peak velocity and flight time were also noted from T1 to T3. Results of this investigation indicated that maximal power outputs were achieved without the use of an external load when performing the ballistic push-up, regardless of the participants' level of strength.
Resolving the Brainstem Contributions to Attentional Analgesia
Authors: Brooks Jonathan C.W. , Davies Wendy-Elizabeth , Pickering Anthony E. 
Published: January 2017

Previous human imaging studies manipulating attention or expectancy have identified the periaqueductal gray (PAG) as a key brainstem structure implicated in endogenous analgesia. However, animal studies indicate that PAG analgesia is mediated largely via caudal brainstem structures, such as the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and locus coeruleus (LC). To identify their involvement in endogenous analgesia, we used brainstem optimized, whole-brain imaging to record responses to concurrent thermal stimulation (left forearm) and visual attention tasks of titrated difficulty in 20 healthy subjects. The PAG, LC, and RVM were anatomically discriminated using a probabilistic atlas. Pain ratings disclosed the anticipated analgesic interaction between task difficulty and pain intensity (p< 0.001). Main effects of noxious thermal stimulation were observed across several brain regions, including operculoinsular, primary somatosensory, and cingulate cortices, whereas hard task difficulty was represented in anterior insular, parietal, and prefrontal cortices. Permutation testing within the brainstem nuclei revealed the following: main effects of task in dorsal PAG and right LC; and main effect of temperature in RVM and a task × temperature interaction in right LC. Intrasubject regression revealed a distributed network of supratentorial brain regions and the RVM whose activity was linearly related to pain intensity. Intersubject analgesia scores correlated to activity within a distinct region of the RVM alone. These results identify distinct roles for a brainstem triumvirate in attentional analgesia: with the PAG activated by attentional load; specific RVM regions showing pronociceptive and antinociceptive processes (in line with previous animal studies); and the LC showing lateralized activity during conflicting attentional demands.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAttention modulates pain intensity, and human studies have identified roles for a network of forebrain structures plus the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Animal data indicate that the PAG acts via caudal brainstem structures to control nociception. We investigated this issue within an attentional analgesia paradigm with brainstem-optimized fMRI and analysis using a probabilistic brainstem atlas. We find pain intensity encoding in several forebrain structures, including the insula and attentional activation of the PAG. Discrete regions of the rostral ventromedial medulla bidirectionally influence pain perception, and locus coeruleus activity mirrors the interaction between attention and nociception. This approach has enabled the resolution of contributions from a hub of key brainstem structures to endogenous analgesia.
Experiências percebidas de discriminação e Saúde Mental: resultados em estudantes universitários brasileiros
Authors: Santos Júnior Amilton dos , Rachkorskyv Luiz Lippi , Ronzoni Pablo , Dogra Nisha , Dalgalarrondo Paulo 
Published: January 2017

Há cada vez mais evidências de associações abordando a percepção de discriminação e seu impacto prejudicial como perpetuador de disparidades de saúde física e mental. O objetivo é usar métodos descritivos para contribuir em uma melhor compreensão das relações entre diferentes categorias de percepção de discriminação e grupos específicos de sintomas mentais e comportamentais. Este é um estudo transversal, realizado na Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), uma instituição pública brasileira, com a coleta de diversas variáveis independentes sociodemográficas e as variáveis dependentes foram os resultados da saúde mental, cuja presença foi avaliada através da utilização de instrumentos quantitativos. Os dados pareados foram digitados e analisados usando SPSS, versão 16.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, EUA). Foram realizadas análises de regressão logística, com ambos os modelos uni e multivariada para estudo da associação das variáveis experiências percebidas de discriminação foram frequentemente relatadas (69,4%). Graduandos negros/pardos relataram mais discriminação com base na cor da pele e desempenho acadêmico. A partir dos resultados da avaliação da saúde mental, as queixas de depressão, ansiedade e abuso de substância eram muito comuns. Queixas psicológicas, uso de substâncias psicoativas e consequentes comportamentos de risco foram frequentes entre o grupo de estudantes de graduação brasileiros investigados neste estudo, assim como percepções de diferentes categorias de experiências discriminatórias. Estudos futuros deverão explorar o impacto longitudinal de cada categoria de discriminação percebida e associações causais com diagnósticos psiquiátricos específicos, consequências adversas pessoais e sociais e a busca de ajuda ou tratamento.