bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of family violence and child marriage on unmet need for family planning in Jordan
Authors: Clark Cari Jo , Spencer Rachael A , Khalaf Inaam A , Gilbert Louisa , El-Bassel Nabila , Silverman Jay G , Raj Anita 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundRisk for unmet need for contraception is associated with men's perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women and may be influenced by violence perpetrated by other family members (family violence, FV). Women who married as minors may be most vulnerable to the potential compounding effect of IPV and FV on unmet need.AimUsing nationally representative data from the 2012 Jordan Population and Family Health Survey we examined unmet need by exposure to IPV and FV by women's age at marriage (<18, 18+ years).DesignLogistic regression was used to test whether IPV and FV were independently associated with unmet need, by age at marriage. Interaction terms (IPV×FV) were tested in both models. Stratification by FV was employed to clarify the interpretation of significant interactions.ResultsIPV increased the odds of unmet need by 87% [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.87; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.13–3.10] and 76% (AOR 1.76; 95% CI 1.30–2.38) among women who married prior to and after the age of 18 years, respectively. Women married as minors who experienced IPV and FV had a four-fold higher likelihood of having an unmet need (AOR 6.75; 95% CI 1.95–23.29) compared to those experiencing only IPV (AOR 1.49; 95% CI 0.84–2.38). No interaction between IPV and FV was detected for women married at or above majority.ConclusionsLaws that prohibit child marriage should be strengthened and health sector screening for violence experience could help identify women at risk of unmet need and improve women's reproductive agency.
CRM1 Inhibition Promotes Cytotoxicity in Ewing Sarcoma Cells by Repressing EWS-FLI1–Dependent IGF-1 Signaling
Authors: Sun Haibo , Lin De-Chen , Cao Qi , Guo Xiao , Marijon Helene , Zhao Zhiqiang , Gery Sigal , Xu Liang , Yang Henry , Pang Brendan , Lee Victor Kwan Min , Lim Huey Jin , Doan Ngan , Said Jonathan W. , Chu Peiguo , Mayakonda Anand , Thomas Tom , Forscher Charles , Baloglu Erkan , Shacham Sharon , Rajalingam Raja , Koeffler H. Phillip 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive bone malignancy that mainly affects children and young adults. The mechanisms by which EWS (EWSR1) fusion genes drive the disease are not fully understood. CRM1 (XPO1) traffics proteins from the nucleus, including tumor suppressors and growth factors, and is overexpressed in many cancers. A small-molecule inhibitor of CRM1, KPT-330, has shown therapeutic promise, but has yet to be investigated in the context of EWS. In this study, we demonstrate that CRM1 is also highly expressed in EWS. shRNA-mediated or pharmacologic inhibition of CRM1 in EWS cells dramatically decreased cell growth while inducing apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, and protein expression alterations to several cancer-related factors. Interestingly, silencing of CRM1 markedly reduced EWS–FLI1 fusion protein expression at the posttranscriptional level and upregulated the expression of the well-established EWS-FLI1 target gene, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), which inhibits IGF-1. Accordingly, KPT-330 treatment attenuated IGF-1–induced activation of the IGF-1R/AKT pathway. Furthermore, knockdown of IGFBP3 increased cell growth and rescued the inhibitory effects on IGF-1 signaling triggered by CRM1 inhibition. Finally, treatment of EWS cells with a combination of KPT-330 and the IGF-1R inhibitor, linsitinib, synergistically decreased cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings provide a strong rationale for investigating the efficacy of combinatorial inhibition of CRM1 and IGF-1R for the treatment of EWS. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2687–97. ©2016 AACR.
Temporal Trends in the Risk Profile of Patients Undergoing Outpatient Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Vora Amit N. , Dai Dadi , Gurm Hitinder , Amin Amit P. , Messenger John C. , Mahmud Ehtisham , Mauri Laura , Wang Tracy Y. , Roe Matthew T. , Curtis Jeptha , Patel Manesh R. , Dauerman Harold L. , Peterson Eric D. , Rao Sunil V. 
Published: March 2016

Background—
Because of recent changes in criteria for coverage for inpatient hospital stays, most nonacute percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures are reimbursed on an outpatient basis regardless of underlying patient risk. Downstream effects of these changes on the risk profile of patients undergoing outpatient PCI have not been evaluated.

Methods and Results—

Using the American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular Data Registry’s CathPCI Registry, we assessed temporal trends in risk profiles and rates of hospital admission among 999 279 patients undergoing PCI qualifying for outpatient reimbursement. We estimated mortality and bleeding risk using validated models from the registry. From 2009 to 2014, the proportion of outpatients not admitted to a hospital after PCI increased from 32.8% to 66.3% (
P
<0.001). Patients who were admitted after PCI were older, had greater comorbidities, and experienced more post-PCI complications (all
P
<0.001). Among those not admitted, the proportion of patients at high risk for predicted mortality increased significantly from 17.0% to 19.8% during the study period (
P
<0.001). In contrast, 16.7% of patients admitted after PCI were at low risk for mortality.

Conclusions—
Among patients undergoing PCI procedures that qualify for outpatient reimbursement, there has been a temporal decrease in postprocedure hospital admission. Concomitantly, the proportion of these outpatients at high risk for mortality has significantly increased over time. These data suggest that current reimbursement classification could be improved by incorporating patient risk to appropriately match the necessary resources to the needed level of care.
Comparison of Immediate With Delayed Stenting Using the Minimalist Immediate Mechanical Intervention Approach in Acute ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Belle Loic , Motreff Pascal , Mangin Lionel , Rangé Grégoire , Marcaggi Xavier , Marie Antoine , Ferrier Nadine , Dubreuil Olivier , Zemour Gilles , Souteyrand Géraud , Caussin Christophe , Amabile Nicolas , Isaaz Karl , Dauphin Raphael , Koning René , Robin Christophe , Faurie Benjamin , Bonello Laurent , Champin Stanislas , Delhaye Cédric , Cuilleret François , Mewton Nathan , Genty Céline , Viallon Magalie , Bosson Jean Luc , Croisille Pierre ,   on behalf of the MIMI Investigators
Published: March 2016

Background—
Delayed stent implantation after restoration of normal epicardial flow by a minimalist immediate mechanical intervention aims to decrease the rate of distal embolization and impaired myocardial reperfusion after percutaneous coronary intervention. We sought to confirm whether a delayed stenting (DS) approach (24–48 hours) improves myocardial reperfusion, versus immediate stenting, in patients with acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results—

In the prospective, randomized, open-label minimalist immediate mechanical intervention (MIMI) trial, patients (n=140) with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction ≤12 hours were randomized to immediate stenting (n=73) or DS (n=67) after Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 3 flow restoration by thrombus aspiration. Patients in the DS group underwent a second coronary arteriography for stent implantation a median of 36 hours (interquartile range 29–46) after randomization. The primary end point was microvascular obstruction (% left ventricular mass) on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging performed 5 days (interquartile range 4–6) after the first procedure. There was a nonsignificant trend toward lower microvascular obstruction in the immediate stenting group compared with DS group (1.88% versus 3.96%;
P
=0.051), which became significant after adjustment for the area at risk (
P
=0.049). Median infarct weight, left ventricular ejection fraction, and infarct size did not differ between groups. No difference in 6-month outcomes was apparent for the rate of major cardiovascular and cerebral events.

Conclusions—
The present findings do not support a strategy of DS versus immediate stenting in patients with ST-segment–elevation infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention and even suggested a deleterious effect of DS on microvascular obstruction size.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01360242.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Is Associated With Subclinical Cerebrovascular Damage
Authors: Wright Clinton B. , Shah Nirav H. , Mendez Armando J. , DeRosa Janet T. , Yoshita Mitsuhiro , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Sacco Ralph L. , DeCarli Charles , Rundek Tatjana , Silverberg Shonni , Dong Chuanhui , Wolf Myles 
Published: March 2016

Background and Purpose—
Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) regulates phosphate homeostasis and is linked with mortality, cardiovascular events, and stroke. However, the role of FGF23 as a risk factor for subclinical cerebrovascular damage is unclear.

Methods—
We used multivariable linear and logistic regression to evaluate associations between FGF23, continuously and by quartiles, with white matter hyperintensity volume, expressed as percent intracranial volume (%ICV), and subclinical brain infarction (SBI) in a community-based stroke-free sample.

Results—

There were 1170 stroke-free Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) participants with FGF23 levels and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging data on white matter hyperintensity volume and SBI. Participants with FGF23 levels in the top quartile (range=85–1425 RU/mL) had greater white matter hyperintensity volume (β=0.19 %ICV; 95% CI, 0.04–0.33 %ICV;
P
=0.01) compared with those in the lowest quartile (range=15–49 RU/mL), adjusted for demographics, vascular risk factors, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. These findings remained significant in those without evidence of chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
). Elevated FGF23 was not associated with SBI overall after adjusting for demographic factors and estimated glomerular filtration rate, but sex modified the effect of FGF23 on odds of SBI (
P
for interaction=0.03). FGF23 was associated with significantly greater odds of SBI only in men (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.7;
P
=0.03) after full adjustment.

Conclusions—
These cross-sectional community-based data from a diverse urban sample show an association between elevated FGF23 and small vessel disease and magnetic resonance imaging–defined brain infarction in men, independent of chronic kidney disease. Data on elevated FGF23 and subclinical cerebrovascular damage progression are needed.
The Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) Experiment
Authors: Pan L. L. , Atlas E. L. , Salawitch R. J. , Honomichl S. B. , Bresch J. F. , Randel W. J. , Apel E. C. , Hornbrook R. S. , Weinheimer A. J. , Anderson D. C. , Andrews S. J. , Baidar S. , Beaton S. P. , Campos T. L. , Carpenter L. J. , Chen D. , Dix B. , Donets V. , Hall S. R. , Hanisco T. F. , Homeyer C. R. , Huey L. G. , Jensen J. B. , Kaser L. , Kinnison D. E. , Koenig T. K. , Lamarque J.-F. , Liu C. , Luo J. , Luo Z. J. , Montzka D. D. , Nicely J. M. , Pierce R. B. , Riemer D. D. , Robinson T. , Romashkin P. , Saiz-Lopez A. , Schauffler S. , Shieh O. , Stell M. H. , Ullmann K. , Vaughan G. , Volkamer R. , Wolfe G. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) experiment was conducted from Guam (13.5°N, 144.8°E) during January–February 2014. Using the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream V research aircraft, the experiment investigated the photochemical environment over the tropical western Pacific (TWP) warm pool, a region of massive deep convection and the major pathway for air to enter the stratosphere during Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter. The new observations provide a wealth of information for quantifying the influence of convection on the vertical distributions of active species. The airborne in situ measurements up to 15-km altitude fill a significant gap by characterizing the abundance and altitude variation of a wide suite of trace gases. These measurements, together with observations of dynamical and microphysical parameters, provide significant new data for constraining and evaluating global chemistry–climate models. Measurements include precursor and product gas species of reactive halogen compounds that impact ozone in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. High-accuracy, in situ measurements of ozone obtained during CONTRAST quantify ozone concentration profiles in the upper troposphere, where previous observations from balloonborne ozonesondes were often near or below the limit of detection. CONTRAST was one of the three coordinated experiments to observe the TWP during January–February 2014. Together, CONTRAST, Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX), and Coordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics (CAST), using complementary capabilities of the three aircraft platforms as well as ground-based instrumentation, provide a comprehensive quantification of the regional distribution and vertical structure of natural and pollutant trace gases in the TWP during NH winter, from the oceanic boundary to the lower stratosphere.
On the Role of Surface Fluxes and WISHE in Tropical Cyclone Intensification
Authors: Zhang Fuqing , Emanuel Kerry 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The authors show that the feedback between surface wind and surface enthalpy flux is an important influence on tropical cyclone evolution, even though, as with at least some classical instability mechanisms, such a feedback is not strictly necessary. When the wind speed is artificially capped in idealized numerical experiments, storm development is slowed and storms achieve a smaller final intensity. When it is capped in simulations of an actual storm (Hurricane Edouard of 2014), the quality of the simulations is strongly compromised; for example, little development occurs when the wind speed is capped at 5 m s−1, in contrast to the category-3 hurricane shown by observations and produced by the control experiment.
Improving Radar Refractivity Retrieval by Considering the Change in the Refractivity Profile and the Varying Altitudes of Ground Targets
Authors: Feng Ya-Chien , Fabry Frédéric , Weckwerth Tammy M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAccurate radar refractivity retrievals are critical for quantitative applications, such as assimilating refractivity into numerical models or studying boundary layer and convection processes. However, the technique as originally developed makes some simplistic assumptions about the heights of ground targets () and the vertical gradient of refractivity (). In reality, the field of target phases used for refractivity retrieval is noisy because of varying terrain and introduces estimation biases. To obtain a refractivity map at a constant height above terrain, a 2D horizontal refractivity field at the radar height must be computed and corrected for altitude using an average . This is achieved by theoretically clarifying the interpretation of the measured phase considering the varying and the temporal change of . Evolving causes systematic refractivity biases, as it affects the beam trajectory, the associated target range, and the refractivity field sampled between selected targets of different heights. To determine and changes, a twofold approach is proposed: first, can be reasonably inferred based on terrain height; then, a new method of estimation is devised by using the property of the returned powers of a pointlike target at successive antenna elevations. The obtained shows skill based on in situ tower observation. As a result, the data quality of the retrieved refractivity may be improved with the newly added information of and .
A Family-Based, Culturally Tailored Diabetes Intervention for Hispanics and Their Family Members
Authors: Hu Jie , Amirehsani Karen A. , Wallace Debra C. , McCoy Thomas P. , Silva Zulema 
Published: March 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study was to test efficacy of a family-based, culturally tailored intervention for Hispanics with type 2 diabetes and their family members. Methods Hispanic patients with type 2 diabetes and their family members recruited from community clinics and ethnic churches were assigned to groups (N = 186). The intervention group received an 8-week culturally tailored diabetes educational program delivered in Spanish while the attention control group received 8 weekly sessions on general health information and 2 sessions on diabetes after completion of the study. Data were collected at baseline, after intervention, and at 1- and 6-month follow-ups for both patients and families. Comparisons of change over time were performed using growth curve analyses after propensity score adjustment. Results Intervention patients improved in diabetes knowledge and diabetes self-efficacy over time (but did not sustain at 6-month follow-up). A1C was lower at 1-month follow-up. Family members had improvements in diabetes knowledge and physical health–related quality of life. Conclusions Including families in the interventions may improve glycemic control, diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, and physical health–related quality of life. However, strategies for sustaining improvements are needed.
Tissue‐Engineered Vocal Fold Mucosa Implantation in Rabbits
Authors: Shiba Travis L. , Hardy Jordan , Luegmair Georg , Zhang Zhaoyan , Long Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo assess phonatory function and wound healing of a tissue‐engineered vocal fold mucosa (TE‐VFM) in rabbits. An “artificial” vocal fold would be valuable for reconstructing refractory scars and resection defects, particularly one that uses readily available autologous cells and scaffold. This work implants a candidate TE‐VFM after resecting native epithelium and lamina propria in rabbits.Study DesignProspective animal study.SettingResearch laboratory.Subjects and MethodsRabbit adipose‐derived stem cells were isolated and cultured in three‐dimensional fibrin scaffolds to form TE‐VFM. Eight rabbits underwent laryngofissure, unilateral European Laryngologic Society type 2 cordectomy, and immediate reconstruction with TE‐VFM. After 4 weeks, larynges were excised, phonated, and examined by histology.ResultsUniform TE‐VFM implants were created, with rabbit mesenchymal cells populated throughout fibrin hydrogels. Rabbits recovered uneventfully after implantation. Phonation was achieved in all, with mucosal waves evident at the implant site. Histology after 4 weeks showed resorbed fibrin matrix, continuous epithelium, and mildly increased collagen relative to contralateral unoperated vocal folds. Elastic fiber appearance was highly variable. Inflammatory cell infiltrate was limited to animals receiving sex‐mismatched implants.ConclusionTE‐VFMs were successfully implanted into 8 rabbits, with minor evidence of scar formation and immune reaction. Vibration was preserved 4 weeks after resecting and reconstructing the complete vocal fold cover layer. Further studies will investigate the mechanism and durability of improvement. TE‐VFM with autologous cells is a promising new approach for vocal fold reconstruction.
Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Radiation‐Induced and De Novo Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Tay Gerald Ci‐An , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Ong Whee‐Sze , Tai David , Ang Mei‐Kim , Ha Tam Cam , Soo Khee‐Chee , Tan Hiang Khoon 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveWe sought to compare clinical outcomes, pathological features, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes between radiation‐induced squamous cell carcinoma (RISCC) and de novo SCC (DNSCC) of the head and neck, as well as identify prognostic factors in these patients.Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingTertiary medical center.Subjects and MethodsRetrospective case‐control analysis of 34 RISCCs and 136 DNSCCs matched by age at diagnosis, sex, smoking status, and primary tumor site.ResultsMedian latency of RISCC development was 13 years. Radiation‐induced squamous cell carcinomas were more likely to present with node‐negative disease than DNSCCs (70.6% vs 42.9%; P =. 024). A greater proportion of DNSCCs was treated with curative intent (92.6% vs 79.4%; P =. 048) and achieved no residual disease posttreatment (82.2% vs 41.2%; P <. 001) compared with RISCCs. Patients with RISCC had poorer overall survival (OS) (median, 1.67 vs 5.03 years; P =. 018) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) (median, 1.67 vs 8.65 years; P =. 001) than those with DNSCC. Among patients who underwent curative treatment with no residual disease after treatment, there were, however, no survival differences between RISCC and DNSCC.ConclusionIn our cohort, RISCCs have a poorer prognosis than DNSCCs. However, those able to undergo curative treatment and have no residual disease after treatment have comparable survival outcomes. Locoregional control of these tumors appears paramount in achieving the best outcomes for patients with RISCC.
Utility of Fine‐Needle Aspiration Biopsy in the Evaluation of Pediatric Head and Neck Masses
Authors: Huyett Phillip , Monaco Sara E. , Choi Sukgi S. , Simons Jeffrey P. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesFine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has a well‐established role in the evaluation of an adult head and neck mass (HNM) but remains underused in children. The objectives of this study were to assess the diagnostic accuracy, safety profile, use of anesthesia, and influence on surgical decision making of FNAB of HNM in the pediatric population.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care children’s hospital.Subjects and MethodsIn total, 257 consecutive patients with HNM who underwent 338 FNABs from July 2007 to July 2014 were reviewed. Patients ranged in age from 0 to 21 years (mean, 9.3 years); lesions ranged in size from 0.3 to 12.5 cm (mean, 2.4cm). Fine‐needle aspiration biopsies were performed in the interventional radiology suite, operating room, clinic, or ward.ResultsThe most common patient final diagnoses included reactive lymphadenopathy (n = 99, 38.5%), benign thyroid colloid nodule (n = 31, 12.1%), malignancies (n = 21, 8.2%), and atypical mycobacterial infection (n = 15, 5.8%). On surgical histopathologic and clinical follow‐up, overall sensitivity of FNAB was 94.6% and specificity was 97.7%. The complication rate was 2.1%, and general anesthesia or sedation was used for 73% of FNAB. Surgery occurred only 9 times following the 191 patients with negative FNAB results, indicating that 95.3% of unnecessary surgeries were avoided with the assistance of the FNAB result.ConclusionsFine‐needle aspiration biopsy is an accurate and safe diagnostic tool for guiding management of persistent lymphadenopathy, thyroid nodules, and other HNM in pediatric patients. Negative FNABs can often obviate the need for surgical intervention.