bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of melanogenesis by jineol from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans via MAP-Kinase mediated MITF downregulation and the proteasomal degradation of tyrosinase
Authors: Alam Md Badrul , Bajpai Vivek K. , Lee JungIn , Zhao Peijun , Byeon Jung-Hee , Ra Jeong-Sic , Majumder Rajib , Lee Jong Sung , Yoon Jung-In , Rather Irfan A. , Park Yong-Ha , Kim Kangmin , Na MinKyun , Lee Sang-Han 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this study, the authors investigated the anti-melanogenic effects of 3,8-dihydroxyquinoline (jineol) isolated from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, the mechanisms responsible for its inhibition of melanogenesis in melan-a cells, and its antioxidant efficacy. Mushroom tyrosinase activities and melanin contents were determined in melan-a cells, and the protein and mRNA levels of MITF, tyrosinase, TYRP-1, and TYRP-2 were assessed. Jineol exhibited significant, concentration-dependent antioxidant effects as determined by DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays. Jineol significantly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity by functioning as an uncompetitive inhibitor, and markedly inhibited melanin production and intracellular tyrosinase activity in melan-a cells. In addition, jineol abolished the expressions of tyrosinase, TYRP-1, TYRP-2, and MITF, thereby blocking melanin production and interfering with the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and p38. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of ERK1/2 and p38 prevented melanogenesis inhibition by jineol, and the proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) prevented jineol-induced reductions in cellular tyrosinase levels. Taken together, jineol was found to stimulate MAP-kinase (ERK1/2 and p38) phosphorylation and the proteolytic degradation pathway, which led to the degradations of MITF and tyrosinase, and to suppress the productions of melanin.
Functional Polymorphisms in Dopaminergic Genes Modulate Neurobehavioral and Neurophysiological Consequences of Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Holst Sebastian C. , Müller Thomas , Valomon Amandine , Seebauer Britta , Berger Wolfgang , Landolt Hans-Peter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSleep deprivation impairs cognitive performance and reliably alters brain activation in wakefulness and sleep. Nevertheless, the molecular regulators of prolonged wakefulness remain poorly understood. Evidence from genetic, behavioral, pharmacologic and imaging studies suggest that dopaminergic signaling contributes to the behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) consequences of sleep loss, although direct human evidence thereof is missing. We tested whether dopamine neurotransmission regulate sustained attention and evolution of EEG power during prolonged wakefulness. Here, we studied the effects of functional genetic variation in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and the dopamine D2receptor (DRD2) genes, on psychomotor performance and standardized waking EEG oscillations during 40 hours of wakefulness in 64 to 82 healthy volunteers. Sleep deprivation consistently enhanced sleepiness, lapses of attention and the theta-to-alpha power ratio (TAR) in the waking EEG. Importantly,DAT1andDRD2genotypes distinctly modulated sleep loss-induced changes in subjective sleepiness, PVT lapses and TAR, according to inverted U-shaped relationships. Together, the data suggest that genetically determined differences inDAT1andDRD2expression modulate functional consequences of sleep deprivation, supporting the hypothesis that striato-thalamo-cortical dopaminergic pathways modulate the neurobehavioral and neurophysiological consequences of sleep loss in humans.
Continuous-variable quantum authentication of physical unclonable keys
Authors: Nikolopoulos Georgios M. , Diamanti Eleni 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe propose a scheme for authentication of physical keys that are materialized by optical multiple-scattering media. The authentication relies on the optical response of the key when probed by randomly selected coherent states of light, and the use of standard wavefront-shaping techniques that direct the scattered photons coherently to a specific target mode at the output. The quadratures of the electromagnetic field of the scattered light at the target mode are analysed using a homodyne detection scheme, and the acceptance or rejection of the key is decided upon the outcomes of the measurements. The proposed scheme can be implemented with current technology and offers collision resistance and robustness against key cloning.
Leaf N and P stoichiometry in relation to leaf shape and plant size for Quercus acutissima provenances across China
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yang Xiuqing , Wang Jingyuan , Wang G. Geoff , Yu Mukui , Wu Tonggui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPlant stoichiometry in relation to the structure and function of biological systems has been investigated at multiple scales. However, few studies have focused on the roles of stoichiometry for a given species. In this study, we determined leaf N and P stoichiometry, leaf shape and plant size in threeQuercus acutissimacommon gardens with different climatic and site conditions. In the three common gardens, leaf N and P stoichiometry was significantly correlated with leaf shape and plant size, suggesting that leaf N and P stoichiometry affects the morphological performance of the leaves and stem. The scaling slopes of the relationships between leaf N and P stoichiometry and leaf shape ranged from |0.12| to |1.00|, while the slopes of the relationships between leaf N and P stoichiometry and plant size ranged from |0.95| to |2.66|. These results suggest that non-functional tissues (stem) are more susceptible to leaf nutrition than functional tissues (leaves), and leaf stoichiometry is more important in the construction of non-functional tissues (stem). Between the northernmost and southernmost common gardens, leaf N and leaf width (W), N:P and stem height (H), and N:P and stem diameter (D) showed significant covariations, which indicates that leaf N and W, N:P and plant size exhibit similar plastic responses to environmental change.
Mechanistic insights into ectodomain shedding: susceptibility of CADM1 adhesion molecule is determined by alternative splicing and O-glycosylation
Authors: Shirakabe Kyoko , Omura Takuya , Shibagaki Yoshio , Mihara Emiko , Homma Keiichi , Kato Yukinari , Yoshimura Akihiko , Murakami Yoshinori , Takagi Junichi , Hattori Seisuke , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEctodomain shedding (shedding) is a post-translational modification, which liberates the extracellular domain of membrane proteins through juxtamembrane processing executed mainly by the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family of metalloproteases. Because shedding alters characteristics of cells in a rapid and irreversible manner, it should be strictly regulated. However, the molecular mechanisms determining membrane protein susceptibility to shedding (shedding susceptibility) are largely unknown. Here we report that alternative splicing can give rise to both shedding-susceptible and shedding-resistant CADM1 (cell adhesion molecule 1) variant proteins. We further show that O-glycans adjacent to the shedding cleavage site interfere with CADM1 shedding, and the only 33-bp alternative exon confers shedding susceptibility to CADM1 by inserting five non-glycosylatable amino acids between interfering O-glycans and the shedding cleavage site. These results demonstrate that shedding susceptibility of membrane protein can be determined at two different levels of its biosynthesis pathway, alternative splicing and O-glycosylation.
Multi-scale comparison of the fine particle removal capacity of urban forests and wetlands
Authors: Zhang Zhenming , Liu Jiakai , Wu Yanan , Yan Guoxin , Zhu Lijuan , Yu Xinxiao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAs fine particle (FP) pollution is harmful to humans, previous studies have focused on the mechanisms of FP removal by forests. The current study aims to compare the FP removal capacities of urban forests and wetlands on the leaf, canopy, and landscape scales. Water washing and scanning electron microscopy are used to calculate particle accumulation on leaves, and models are used to estimate vegetation collection, sedimentation, and dry deposition. Results showed that, on the leaf scale, forest species are able to accumulate more FP on their leaf surface than aquatic species in wetlands. On the canopy scale, horizontal vegetation collection is the major process involved in FP removal, and the contribution of vertical sedimentation/emission can be ignored. Coniferous tree species also showed stronger FP collection ability than broadleaf species. In the landscape scale, deposition on the forest occurs to a greater extent than that on wetlands, and dry deposition is the major process of FP removal on rain-free days. In conclusion, when planning an urban green system, planting an urban forest should be the first option for FP mitigation.
Mycobacterium llatzerense, a waterborne Mycobacterium, that resists phagocytosis by Acanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: Delafont Vincent , Samba-Louaka Ascel , Cambau Emmanuelle , Bouchon Didier , Moulin Laurent , Héchard Yann 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental bacteria increasingly associated to public health problems. In water systems, free-living amoebae (FLA) feed on bacteria by phagocytosis, but several bacteria, including many NTM, are resistant to this predation. Thus, FLA can be seen as a training ground for pathogenic bacteria. Mycobacterium llatzerense was previously described as frequently associated with FLA in a drinking water network. The present study aimed to characterize the interactions between M. llatzerense and FLA. M. llatzerense was internalised by phagocytosis and featured lipid inclusions, suggesting a subversion of host resources. Moreover, M. llatzerense survived and even multiplied in presence of A. castellanii. Using a genomic-based comparative approach, twelve genes involved in phagocytosis interference, described in M. tuberculosis, were identified in the M. llatzerense genome sequenced in this study. Transcriptomic analyses showed that ten genes were significantly upregulated during the first hours of the infection, which could partly explain M. llatzerense resistance. Additionally, M. llatzerense was shown to actively inhibit phagosome acidification. In conclusion, M. llatzerense presents a high degree of resistance to phagocytosis, likely explaining its frequent occurrence within FLA in drinking water networks. It underscores that NTM should be carefully monitored in water networks to prevent human health concerns.
Genetic and phenotypic characteristics of four Chinese families with fundus albipunctatus
Authors: Yang Guoxing , Liu Zhiqiang , Xie Shipeng , Li Chengquan , Lv Lina , Zhang Minglian , Zhao Jialiang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFundus albipunctatus (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive form of stationary night blindness characterized by the presence of white or white-yellow dots in the perimacular area and the periphery of the retina, with or without macular involvement. In this study, we examined four Chinese families with FA. Patients were given complete ophthalmic examinations, and blood samples were collected for DNA extraction. Three genes, RDH5, RLBP1 and RPE65, were screened by direct sequencing. Mutations in RDH5 were identified in three families and mutations in RPE65 were identified in one family. This is the second reported case of FA caused by mutations in RPE65.
Speech Rate Normalization and Phonemic Boundary Perception in Cochlear-Implant Users
Authors: Jaekel Brittany N. , Newman Rochelle S. , Goupell Matthew J. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Normal-hearing (NH) listeners rate normalize, temporarily remapping phonemic category boundaries to account for a talker's speech rate. It is unknown if adults who use auditory prostheses called cochlear implants (CI) can rate normalize, as CIs transmit degraded speech signals to the auditory nerve. Ineffective adjustment to rate information could explain some of the variability in this population's speech perception outcomes.

Method
Phonemes with manipulated voice-onset-time (VOT) durations were embedded in sentences with different speech rates. Twenty-three CI and 29 NH participants performed a phoneme identification task. NH participants heard the same unprocessed stimuli as the CI participants or stimuli degraded by a sine vocoder, simulating aspects of CI processing.

Results
CI participants showed larger rate normalization effects (6.6 ms) than the NH participants (3.7 ms) and had shallower (less reliable) category boundary slopes. NH participants showed similarly shallow slopes when presented acoustically degraded vocoded signals, but an equal or smaller rate effect in response to reductions in available spectral and temporal information.

Conclusion
CI participants can rate normalize, despite their degraded speech input, and show a larger rate effect compared to NH participants. CI participants may particularly rely on rate normalization to better maintain perceptual constancy of the speech signal.
Speech Inconsistency in Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech, Language Impairment, and Speech Delay: Depends on the Stimuli
Authors: Iuzzini-Seigel Jenya , Hogan Tiffany P. , Green Jordan R. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The current research sought to determine (a) if speech inconsistency is a core feature of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) or if it is driven by comorbid language impairment that affects a large subset of children with CAS and (b) if speech inconsistency is a sensitive and specific diagnostic marker that can differentiate between CAS and speech delay.

Method

Participants included 48 children ranging between 4;7 to 17;8 (years;months) with CAS (
n
= 10), CAS + language impairment (
n
= 10), speech delay (
n
= 10), language impairment (
n
= 9), or typical development (
n
= 9). Speech inconsistency was assessed at phonemic and token-to-token levels using a variety of stimuli.

Results
Children with CAS and CAS + language impairment performed equivalently on all inconsistency assessments. Children with language impairment evidenced high levels of speech inconsistency on the phrase “buy Bobby a puppy.” Token-to-token inconsistency of monosyllabic words and the phrase “buy Bobby a puppy” was sensitive and specific in differentiating children with CAS and speech delay, whereas inconsistency calculated on other stimuli (e.g., multisyllabic words) was less efficacious in differentiating between these disorders.

Conclusions
Speech inconsistency is a core feature of CAS and is efficacious in differentiating between children with CAS and speech delay; however, sensitivity and specificity are stimuli dependent.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants Treated with Oral Paracetamol Versus Ibuprofen for Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Eras Zeynep , Uras Nurdan , Canpolat Fuat , Erdeve Omer , Oguz Serife , Oncel Mehmet 
Published: April 2017

Objective This study aims to determine the effects of paracetamol versus ibuprofen treatment given to preterm infants for the pharmacological closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 24 months' corrected age.
Method A follow-up study was conducted to evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants (gestational age ≤ 30 weeks) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial comparing oral paracetamol versus oral ibuprofen for the closure of PDA. The developmental assessment was done by using “Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition” at 18 to 24 months' corrected age.
Results A total of 80 infants completed the trial protocol. Of the 75 infants eligible for follow-up, 61 infants (30 in the paracetamol group and 31 in the ibuprofen group) were evaluated. There was no significant difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes between the two groups.
Conclusion The neurodevelopmental outcomes did not differ among the preterm infants who receive either paracetamol or ibuprofen at 18 to 24 months' corrected age.
Influence of Cortical Comminution and Intra-articular Involvement in Distal Radius Fractures on Clinical Outcome: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Wadsten Mats , Buttazzoni Gunnar , Sjödén Göran , Sayed-Noor Arkan , Kadum Bakir 
Published: April 2017

Aim The purpose of this prospective multicenter study was to test the predictive value of cortical comminution and intra-articular involvement on function and quality of life in distal radius fractures (DRFs) using the Buttazzoni's classification system.
Patients and Methods We studied 406 patients between skeletal maturity and 74 years of age with DRF. Fractures with acceptable radiographic alignment were immobilized with a cast. Fractures with nonacceptable radiographic alignment underwent closed reduction and 4 to 6 weeks cast immobilization. Radiographs were obtained after reduction and at 10 to 14 days. Redisplaced fractures were offered surgical treatment. One-year follow-up included grip strength, range of motion (ROM), quickDASH, EQ-5D (including visual analog scale [VAS] for health status), and VAS pain.
Results We found no statistically significant differences in QuickDASH, EQ-5D questionnaire, EQ-5D health status VAS, and VAS pain among the Buttazzoni classes. However, initial displacement was associated with worse quickDASH score, worse EQ-5D score, reduced grip strength, and reduced ROM. Dorsal comminution was associated with worse quickDASH score, reduced flexion, and reduced pronation–supination ability. Volar comminution predicted loss of extension, while intra-articular involvement was associated with reduced flexion–extension arc and worse EQ-5D score. There was a significant difference in ROM between noncomminuted and comminuted fracture classes.
Conclusion Initial fracture position, type of comminution, and intra-articular involvement influenced the clinical outcome in DRF.
Auswirkungen eines Rumpfstabilisationstrainings bei Masters-Schwimmern
Authors: Esser Margarete 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Rückenbeschwerden sind ein häufiges Problem im Schwimmsport – vor allem bei Masters-Schwimmern. Ursächlich dafür könnte eine unzureichende Rumpfstabilität sein.
Ziel In dieser Studie soll untersucht werden, ob ein gezieltes Training der Rumpfmuskulatur einen positiven Einfluss auf die Rückensymptomatik der Schwimmer hat und ob sie, nebenbei, dadurch Verbesserungen beim Schwimmen bemerken.
Methode Zwei Gruppen (Masters-Schwimmer und eine Kontrollgruppe) trainierten 8 Wochen lang nach einem angeleiteten Eigenübungsprogramm. Die Veränderungen der Rumpfmuskulatur wurden anhand eines Pre- und Post-Tests dokumentiert. Zusätzliche Angaben der Probanden wurden an beiden Testzeitpunkten und in einem Follow-up nach 6 Monaten erfasst.
Ergebnisse Beide Gruppen zeigten wesentliche Verbesserungen, wobei die bei den Masters insgesamt höher ausfielen. In der Befragung nach 6 Monaten gaben 72,3 % der Teilnehmer eine Verringerung ihrer Rückenbeschwerden an und stellten zusätzliche positiv empfundene Auswirkungen sowohl im Alltag als auch beim Schwimmen fest.
Schlussfolgerung Es wird in dieser Studie gezeigt, dass mit einem 8-wöchigen Eigenübungsprogramm sehr deutliche und nachhaltige Verbesserungen bei allen Probanden, insbesondere bei Masters-Schwimmern, erzielt werden konnten.
Poor Children in Rich Households and Vice Versa: A Blurred Picture or Hidden Realities?
Authors: Roelen Keetie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn expanding evidence base suggests that children experiencing monetary and multidimensional poverty are not the same. This article breaks new ground by providing a unique mixed methods investigation of drivers of child poverty mismatch in Ethiopia and Vietnam, considering the role of measurement error and individualistic and structural factors. The analysis capitalises on large-scale secondary quantitative panel data and combines this with purposively collected primary qualitative data in both countries. It finds that factors at the household and structural level can mediate the effects of monetary poverty in terms of multidimensional poverty and vice versa, but that the size and sign of these effects are specific to place and time. The policy mix aiming to reduce all forms of child poverty need to be targeted on the basis of a multidimensional assessment of poverty and reflect the complex and context-specific interactions between determinants of child poverty.
Old English mānwrǣce and godwrǣce, with an emendation of Elene 811b
Authors: Getz Robert 
Published: April 2017

The <manweorcum> transmitted in line 811b of the Old English poemEleneby Cynewulf has been generally regarded as representing an otherwise unattested adjectivemānweorccomposite ofmān‘crime’ andweorc‘work’. Sinceweorcis unparalleled and unexpected as a second element in an adjectival compound, an alternative explanation of the manuscript reading is proposed here, scribal alteration of an adjective otherwise attested only in the First Cleopatra Glossary, occurring there in the written form <manwræce>. While this adjective is listed under various headword forms in dictionaries, it is probably to be described asmānwrǣce(Anglianmānwrēce), having the same second element as another adjective in which Old English -wrǣcehas often been misunderstood,godwrǣce‘impious’. The origin of -wrǣceis a Germanic verbal adjective in -i-/-ja- derived from the etymon of Old Englishwrecan‘drive’; the original meaning ofmānwrǣcemay thus have been ‘perpetrating crime’. <manwrecum>, corresponding to the Anglian form that Cynewulf would have used inElene811b, would have been susceptible to alteration to <manweorcum> by a copyist unfamiliar with the word, as comparable instances of scribal transposition of elements suggest.
Compremos como galegos
Authors: Anderson Ana Maria 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis work investigates a place of intersection between advertising and politics in Galicia, namely the series of television spots created by the supermarket chain GADIS under the titleVivamos como galegos. Most studies of this series have focused exclusively on the first spot and have argued that the success of the ad is due primarily to the way it makes Galician identity attractive. While agreeing that this factor is important, the present analysis expands on previous studies by analyzing rhetorical devices in and intertextual relationships between five ads in the series to argue that these spots discursively create an imaginary world in which Galician language and culture are timeless and will not be lost. This ideal characteristic responds to a current concern of Galician society, namely, the decreasing use of the regional language among youth. In creating this Galician world, GADIS discursively paints itself as a defender of all things Galician, which has led it to become “a campaña de maior éxito do momento” (Souto 2008, 199).
Language contact in the US Southeast
Authors: Limerick Philip P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study examines the use of subject pronouns among Spanish speakers in the Southeastern US and explores the incipient stages of language contact through a case study of speakers in Roswell, Georgia, an emergent (recently developing) variety that thus far has rarely been studied in the literature. Sociolinguistic interviews were conducted in Roswell (Wilson 2013) and transcribed to allow for analysis of pronouns and factors that may influence subject expression (e.g. person/number) as well as social variables (e.g. length of residency). Results indicate an overall pronoun rate of 21%, similar to that of Mainland newcomers in New York (Otheguy, Zentella, and Livert 2007). However, results from the multivariate analysis suggest that pronoun usage in Roswell diverges from these communities, with differential effects observed for factors such as Coreferentiality Index (subject continuity). This analysis of subject expression reveals an intermediate stage of language shift in this particular community.