bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Is Associated With Exercise Ventilatory Efficiency
Authors: Chen Yang , Hill Helene Z. , Lange Gudrun , Falvo Michael J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Chen, Y, Hill, HZ, Lange, G, and Falvo, MJ. Salivary mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with exercise ventilatory efficiency. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 2000–2004, 2017—Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) is an index of mitochondrial content and is responsive to changes in exercise training volume. Therefore, assessment of mtDNAcn may help to optimize exercise prescription and aid in athlete monitoring. Although previous work has assessed mtDNAcn derived from skeletal muscle and blood using invasive approaches, no study has examined salivary mtDNAcn and its relationship with sport performance. Fifteen adults (32.2 ± 7.1 years) volunteered to participate in this study. Each participant provided a saliva sample for the analysis of mtDNAcn via real-time polymerase reaction. In addition, participants completed an exercise challenge test to assess oxygen consumption relative to body weight (V̇o
2·kg−1) and ventilatory efficiency (VE/V̇co
2). Using multiple linear regression, we examined the association of V̇o
2·kg−1 and VE/V̇co
2 with salivary mtDNAcn, adjusting for self-reported physical activity (min·wk−1). Greater mtDNAcn was associated with lower VE/V̇co
2 (p < 0.01) and higher V̇o
2·kg−1 (p < 0.05). In our model adjusted for physical activity, greater mtDNAcn remained associated with lower VE/V̇co
2 (β = −0.186; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.348 to −0.025; p < 0.05), but not with V̇o
2·kg−1 (β = −0.022; 95% CI, −0.113 to 0.063). Our findings suggest that salivary mtDNAcn is associated with ventilatory efficiency, which may reflect enhanced exercise efficiency as a consequence of greater total mitochondrial content. As saliva collection is noninvasive, stable at room temperature, and less costly in comparison to skeletal muscle and blood, future studies may consider using saliva for the evaluation of mitochondrial content for the purposes of monitoring exercise training as well as optimizing exercise prescription.
Skill Learning Modulates RNA Pol II Poising at Immediate Early Genes in the Adult Striatum
Authors: Galvão-Ferreira Pedro , Lipinski Michal , Santos Fernando , Barco Angel , Costa Rui M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA multilayered complexity of epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlies neuronal activity-dependent gene transcription. The regulation of RNA Pol II progression along the transcription cycle, from promoter-proximal poising (with RNA Pol II paused at promoter-proximal regions, characterized by a Ser5P+-rich and Ser2P+-poor RPB1 CTD) to active elongation, has emerged as a major step in transcriptional regulation across several organisms, tissues, and developmental stages, including the nervous system. However, it is not known whether this mechanism is modulated by experience. We investigated the impact of learning a motor skill on RNA Pol II phosphorylation dynamics in the adult mouse striatum. We uncovered that learning modulates thein vivostriatal phosphorylation dynamics of the CTD of the RNA Pol II RPB1 subunit, leading to an increased poising index in trained mice. We found that this modulation occurs at immediate early genes (IEGs), with increased poising of RNA Pol II at bothArcandFosgenes but not at constitutively expressed genes. Furthermore, we confirmed that this was learning dependent, and not just regulated by context or motor activity. These experiments demonstrate a novel phenomenon of learning induced transcriptional modulation in adult brain, which may have implications for our understanding of learning, memory allocation, and consolidation.
Individual Differences in Human Path Integration Abilities Correlate with Gray Matter Volume in Retrosplenial Cortex, Hippocampus, and Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Chrastil Elizabeth R. , Sherrill Katherine R. , Aselcioglu Irem , Hasselmo Michael E. , Stern Chantal E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHumans differ in their individual navigational abilities. These individual differences may exist in part because successful navigation relies on several disparate abilities, which rely on different brain structures. One such navigational capability is path integration, the updating of position and orientation, in which navigators track distances, directions, and locations in space during movement. Although structural differences related to landmark-based navigation have been examined, gray matter volume related to path integration ability has not yet been tested. Here, we examined individual differences in two path integration paradigms: (1) a location tracking task and (2) a task tracking translational and rotational self-motion. Using voxel-based morphometry, we related differences in performance in these path integration tasks to variation in brain morphology in 26 healthy young adults. Performance in the location tracking task positively correlated with individual differences in gray matter volume in three areas critical for path integration: the hippocampus, the retrosplenial cortex, and the medial prefrontal cortex. These regions are consistent with the path integration system known from computational and animal models and provide novel evidence that morphological variability in retrosplenial and medial prefrontal cortices underlies individual differences in human path integration ability. The results for tracking rotational self-motion—but not translation or location—demonstrated that cerebellum gray matter volume correlated with individual performance. Our findings also suggest that these three aspects of path integration are largely independent. Together, the results of this study provide a link between individual abilities and the functional correlates, computational models, and animal models of path integration.
Multimorbidity: Constellations of Conditions across Subgroups of Midlife and Older Individuals, and Related Medicare Expenditures
Authors: Koroukian Siran M. , Schiltz Nicholas K. , Warner David F. , Sun Jiayang , Stange Kurt C. , Given Charles W. , Dor Avi 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: The Department of Health and Human Services’ 2010 Strategic Framework on Multiple Chronic Conditions called for the identification of common constellations of conditions in older adults. Objectives: To analyze patterns of conditions constituting multimorbidity (CCMM) and expenditures in a US representative sample of midlife and older adults (50–64 and ≥65 years of age, respectively). Design: A cross-sectional study of the 2010 Health and Retirement Study (HRS; n=17,912). The following measures were used: (1) count and combinations of CCMM, including (i) chronic conditions (hypertension, arthritis, heart disease, lung disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, and psychiatric conditions), (ii) functional limitations (upper body limitations, lower body limitations, strength limitations, limitations in activities of daily living, and limitations in instrumental activities of daily living), and (iii) geriatric syndromes (cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, incontinence, visual impairment, hearing impairment, severe pain, and dizziness); and (2) annualized 2011 Medicare expenditures for HRS participants who were Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries ( n=5,677). Medicaid beneficiaries were also identified based on their self-reported insurance status. Results: No large representations of participants within specific CCMM categories were observed; however, functional limitations and geriatric syndromes were prominently present with higher CCMM counts. Among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged 50–64 years, 26.7% of the participants presented with ≥10 CCMM, but incurred 48% of the expenditure. In those aged ≥65 years, these percentages were 16.9% and 34.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Functional limitations and geriatric syndromes considerably add to the MM burden in midlife and older adults. This burden is much higher than previously reported.
Влияние коллоидного раствора наночастиц серебра на микробиоценоз пищеварительного тракта цыплят-бройлеров
Authors: Kucheruk M. D. , Zasiekin D. A. 
Published: April 2017

<p>We tested the colloidal silver nanoparticles as modern drugs for effective long-term reduction of microbial contamination in the air of broiler houses by intestinal rehabilitation of broiler chickens and simultaneous disinfection of water pipes and drinking water. The effective concentration of these solutions was determined. Cobb-500 broilers were used for the experiment. During the experiment, we set quantitative and qualitative composition of microflora of the intestinal contents of broiler chickens. Air samples were examined by sedimentation. We studied the productivity indices of chickens and product quality. Colloidal nanoscale silver solutions delicately spend intestinal sanitation, eliminating pathogens, virtually affecting the symbiotic intestinal flora. Siler nanoparticles helps to rationally correct the microbiocenosis of the intestines of broiler chickens: the composition of symbiotic microorganisms remains virtually unchanged against a statistically significant decrease in the amount of pathogenic and opportunistic microflora. This contributes to the intensification of the digestive process and increases the immune response to the continuously entering with food and water pathogenic microorganisms. The dependence between microbial composition of the intestines of birds and sanitary-hygienic state of air environment of broiler houses were proved. </p>
Лісівничо-екологічний аналіз насаджень Populus alba та Populus nigra на ріках лівобережного лісостепу України
Authors: Bondar O. B. , Tkach L. I. , Lisina I. S. , Kolienkina M. S. , Musiyenko S. I. 
Published: April 2017

<p>Here the sylvicultural and ecological analysis of typological structure of plantings silver and black poplar are presented for the riverine habitats of the Psel, Sula and Vorskla (the middle reaches of Seversky Donets river). Our analysis was based on forestry management electronic databases of Ukrainian National Forest Project Enterprise.</p><p>More than 38 forest types on the area of 4.9 thousand hectares were examined. The biological features of silver and black poplar were described briefly. The silver and black poplar reproduction pattern of the Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine was also examined. There was carried out the area allocation of tree species according the following points: forest type and origin, forest site quality, closure degree and age groups. By the tree stratum origin silver and black poplar are mostly artificially propagated, what is equivalent to 77.3 and 88.3 percent.</p><p>The silver and black poplar area around the rivers’ watershed of the Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine occupies 2813 and 2173 ha consequently.</p><p>Among forest types on research subject there are some forest types which dominate: fresh quercetum fluvialis (25.0 %), wet quercetum fluvialis (17.4 %), wet quercetum-birchbark-maple fluvialis (16.3 %), wet lime tree-oak-pine tree sudubrava (11.4 %), fresh lime tree, oak, pine tree sudubrava (5.2 %), the rest of tree types represents less than 4.0 % of the total land area, covered with sylva. The silver and black poplar plantings’ distribution according to the site quality of forest on the rivers’ columbine of the Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine can be described in the following way: II and IV classes of the site quality of forest prevail, and the medium stocked tree stratum fluctuates from 52.9 to 87.8 per cent according to the normality.</p>
Effect of probiotics on the chemical, mineral, and amino acid composition of broiler chicken meat
Authors: Podolian Ju. N. 
Published: April 2017

<p>The experiment was conducted to examine the influence of probiotic preparation on the mineral contamination of the broiler chicken muscles. Investigational product contains probiotic lactic acid bacteria of genus Lactobacillus and Enterococcus. It is proved that additional feeding of probiotic “Entero-active” to broiler chickens increases retention of mineral elements of the fodder. To study the effect of probiotic on chicken meat the contamination of minerals in the experimental poultry meat was researched. The studies proved that the additional use of the studied probiotic supplements with food of broiler chickens allowed increasing phosphorus contamination by 4.7%, magnesium by 3.9% and iron by 46.5% in the pectoral muscles compared with the control group. The use of probiotic for broilers feeding has increased phosphorus by 4.7%, calcium by 4.1 times, iron by 70.5%, zinc by 5.4%, magnesium by 31.5% and copper in 4.2 times in thigh muscles of poultry. Thus, consumption of probiotic preparation by broilers in various doses improves the mineral compound of meat carcasses this meat is also considered as free range food. It was proved that probiotic increases the synthesis of such essential amino acids in the pectoral muscles as lysine by 1.66%, histidine by 0.03%, arginine by 0.38%, threonine by 0.07%, valine by 0.16%, methionine by 0.33%, leucine by 0.1% and phenylalanine by 0.17%. The increasing of level of lysine and histidine respectively by 0.05 and 0.08% is observed in the thigh muscles of broilers under the influence of probiotic. We have proved that the optimal dose for broiler chickens is 0.25% for the age of 1-10 days, 0.1% for the age of 11-28 days, 0.05 % for the age of 29-42 days, the percentage is for broiler chickens feed weight. </p>
Propiedades de la Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-S 9): análisis exploratorio con estudiantes en Ecuador
Authors: Portalanza Chavarría Cecilia Alexandra , Grueso Hinestroza Merlin Patricia , Duque Oliva Edison Jair 
Published: April 2017

En el estudio del engagement académico se han desarrollado diversas medidas en función de las teorías o perspectivas que dan soporte a dicho concepto; en consonancia con lo anterior, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una escala de engagement académico, con base en una muestra de 102 estudiantes pertenecientes a una institución de educación superior en Ecuador. El cuestionario empleado fue la versión española de la Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-S 9). Se analizó la estructura factorial de la escala con el método de estimación robusta. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el modelo de dos factores presenta mejores índices de ajuste que el de uno y tres factores, por lo que se concluye que la estructura de dos factores es la más apropiada. De igual forma, los resultados llevan a concluir que la escala UWES-S 9 puede ser utilizada para estudiar el engagement en el contexto ecuatoriano.
Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Recognition Promotes Cell Adhesion
Authors: Gourier Christine , Perez Eric , Zhang Yongmin , Sinaÿ Pierre 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRecently, carbohydate-carbohydrate recognition has emerged as a new type of interaction in cell adhesion processes. One of these carbohydrates, the LewisXdeterminant (LeX), has been shown to be involved in murine embryogenesis. Here we confirm the existence of this specific interaction by measuring the adhesion between giant vesicles functionalised with synthetic Lexbearing lipids providing to the LeXdeterminent a high orientational freedom. This was obtained by micropipette aspiration and contact angle measurements. By using a simple model involving the several contributions to the adhesion free energy, specific and non specific interactions could be separated and quantified. In a second step, using natural Lex bearing sphingolipids, we could underscore the high sensitivity of LeX-LeXrecognition to molecular structure and prove that the possible orientations provided by the natural LeXbearing molecules not only allow but strongly favor LeX-LeXrecognition.
Caracterización del razonamiento moral en la práctica clínica en relación con el proceso de formación médica en una facultad de medicina, categoría altruismo y dignidad, beneficencia, confidencialidad y deber de cuidado
Authors: Escobar Melo Hugo , Díaz Amado Eduardo , Páramo Cely Laura Camila , Suarez Obando Fernando , León Guevara Celso 
Published: April 2017

<p>Profundas transformaciones en el ejercicio de las profesiones de la salud han traído consigo consecuencias de carácter ontológico y ético para la medicina contemporánea. En este escenario alcanzar un adecuado desarrollo moral debe ser un objetivo central de la educación médica. En este artículo se presentan los primeros resultados de una investigación que tuvo como propósito caracterizar el razonamiento moral en la práctica clínica y su relación con el proceso de formación de los estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, Colombia. Para tal fin, se analizó la relación entre cinco categorías/campos de la moral (altruismo, contratoconfianza- justicia en el intercambio, conciencia, descentración-del-interés-propio y adopción roles ) y cuatro categorías relevantes para la bioética clínica (dignidad, beneficencia, confidencialidad y deber-de-cuidado ). Participaron en total 484 estudiantes que provenían de cada uno de los semestres de primero a decimo de la carrera de medicina durante el segundo periodo académico de 2008. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuatro de las cinco sub<strong>-</strong> variables estudiadas con un nivel de significación de .05 y se pudo apreciar que el razonamiento no se manifiesta como una línea de progreso sino que evidencia rutas particulares e itinerarios diversos.</p>
Consideraciones éticas y legales de los biobancos para investigación
Authors: Veloza Cabrera Luis Alberto , Wiesner Ceballos Carolina , Serrano López Martha Lucía , Peñaranda Correa Nelsy Ruth , Huertas Salgado Antonio 
Published: April 2017

<p> Un biobanco es una colección de muestras biológicas y datos asociados con fines diagnósticos, terapéuticos o de investigación. Las actividades llevadas a cabo por los bancos de muestras biológicas conllevan muchos dilemas éticos y legales, por lo que en el ámbito internacional existen diversas normas y recomendaciones establecidas para salvaguardar los derechos de los donantes. En Colombia, el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología considera prioritario la creación de un biobanco con fines de investigación. El propósito de este artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura, internacional como nacional, sobre los aspectos éticos y legales relacionados con los biobancos para investigación científica. La adaptación de los requerimientos internacionales sería el primer paso para la implementación de los estándares éticos y legales de los biobancos en Colombia. Se hace necesario el establecimiento de regulaciones nacionales que controlen las actividades de dichos biobancos y de esta manera se contribuya a la participación activa de la sociedad colombiana.</p>
Contenido y comprensibilidad de consentimientos informados: estudio comparativo entre ciencias biomédicas y ciencias sociales
Authors: Larreamendy-Joerns Jorge , Cordoba Candia Mario , Navarro Roldán Claudia 
Published: April 2017

<p> Este estudio cuasi–experimental tuvo como objetivo comparar la comprensibilidad de un corpus de formatos de consentimiento informado provenientes de investigaciones en ciencias biomédicas y en ciencias sociales. La metodología implicó contrastar los consentimientos cualitativa y cuantitativamente en términos de su contenido, lecturabilidad y densidad conceptual. Los resultados revelaron que ninguna de los tipos de información estipuladas por la legislación (e.g., información sobre propósitos del estudio o procedimientos seguidos) fue incluida en la totalidad de los consentimientos analizados. Un análisis de conglomerados a partir de los índices de lecturabilidad y los índices de densidad conceptual identificó cuatro tipos de audiencias a quienes se dirigen los consentimientos: divulgación científica, especializada, general y lectores persistentes. Estas audiencias sugieren variación en la manera como los investigadores anticipan sus potenciales participantes y la manera como los formatos de consentimiento son redactados. Se observó que existe una asociación entre el tipo de audiencia anticipada por los investigadores y la disciplina a la cual corresponde la investigación. La dificultad de los formatos de ciencias biomédicas fue resultado de la inclusión de términos técnicos, mientras que la dificultad de los formatos de ciencias sociales es función de la variación en la lecturabilidad.</p>
Los principios en la bioética: fuentes, propuestas y prácticas múltiples
Authors: Escobar Triana Jaime Alberto , Aristizábal Tobler Chantal 
Published: April 2017

<p class="p1"> En medio de debates permanentes y de diversas trayectorias, la bioética ha adquirido un cuerpo de conocimientos teóricos, inspira cada vez más investigaciones y se considera ya una práctica establecida en diversos escenarios, institucionalizada en los comités de bioética. Dentro del proyecto de investigación Saberes, epistemologías y prácticas en bioética, se incluyó la presente revisión crítica con el objetivo de caracterizar diferentes perspectivas teóricas y prácticas sobre los antecedentes, las propuestas y las prácticas de los principios en bioética, con miras a aclarar y enriquecer el campo de reflexión, investigación y práctica de la bioética en nuestro medio. Se encontró una pluralidad de principios, provenientes de diversas fuentes históricas, filosóficas y culturales, con diversas interpretaciones, justificaciones y aportes teóricos. Su dimensión práctica se ha comprobado en diversos escenarios: actividades académicas, apoyo en toma de decisiones en casos de problemas éticos en el ámbito clínico y en otros, evaluación de proyectos de investigación y recomendaciones en políticas públicas. La riqueza de los aportes teóricos y prácticos hace parte del dinamismo en la construcción de este novedoso campo y su utilización adecuada dependerá de las situaciones concretas, de las circunstancias específicas y de la <span class="s1">sabiduría práctica de los </span>actores que participan en la deliberación.</p>
Humanisme, transhumanisme, posthumanisme
Authors: Hottois Gilbert 
Published: April 2017

<p> Je montre dans cet article à quel point les idées transhumanistes sont contestées et débattues. Je ne reviens pas ici sur les objections de ceux qui s’opposent absolument à l’enhancement, pour des raisons théologiques, métaphysiques, irrationnelles ou fausses. Je m’intéresse aux difficultés soulevées par ceux qui adhèrent foncièrement à l’esprit transhumaniste. Il s’agit des problèmes et objections de nature éthique, sociale et politique. Le paradigme évolutionniste du transhumanisme est matérialiste. Ce matérialisme est technoscientifique, il évolue avec les technosciences, leurs instruments et leurs concepts opératoires. Le paradigme évolutionniste est un paradigme “dangereux”: il peut être interprété et appliqué de façon simpliste, brutale, aveugle, insensible et conduire dans un monde posthumain de fait inhumain, barbare. Cependant, par contre, des Rapports américains tels que Converging technologies for improving human performance (2002) et Beyond therapy (2003) sont figés dans leur unilatéralisme respectif et antagoniste, le transhumanisme bien compris c’est l’humanisme progressiste capable d’intégrer les révolutions technoscientifiques théoriquement et pratiquement.</p>