bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Messung und Aussagekraft regionalstatistischer Daten / Quantification and Informative Value of Regional Data
Authors: Lange Klaus , Zischeck Christian 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung von Regionen erlangt in der Gegenwart, insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der europäischen Integration, eine wachsende Bedeutung. Damit geht die Forderung nach einer ständigen Verbesserung der Informationsbasis über die Regionen einher. Der Artikel befasst sich mit den Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der regionalisierten Betrachtung wirtschaftlichen Geschehens.
Als regionale Beobachtungsebene ist für diese Zwecke der Kreis ein problemadäquater Bezugsraum. Dies ergibt sich aus Gründen der funktionalen Abgrenzung der Kreise und der Datenverfügbarkeit auf dieser Ebene. Unter dem Aspekt der Analyse der wirtschaftlichen Leistungsfähigkeit von Kreisen werden verschiedene Indikatoren hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für diesen Zweck diskutiert.
Für einzelne Kennzahlen wird nachgewiesen, dass sich Einschränkungen bezüglich ihrer Aussagekraft ergeben. Dies gilt im besonderen für diejenigen Kennzahlen, die nicht originär in den Regionen erhoben werden bzw. dann, wenn die statistischen Berichtseinheiten ein Betätigungsfeld haben, das sich über mehr als eine Region erstreckt.
Neuere Ansätze in der Konjunkturforschung durch die Verwendung von Konjunkturindikatoren / New Approaches in Business Cycle Research: The Application of Business Cycle Indicators
Authors: Oppenländer Karl Heinrich 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Konjunkturforschung ist in ihren Untersuchungsfeldern Theorie, Empirie, Prognose in unterschiedlichem Maße vorangekommen. Eine Konjunktur-Dichotomie hat sich aufgetan. Die Frage ist zu stellen, ob der Einsatz von Konjunkturindikatoren (aus Befragungen oder aus der Statistik gewonnen) in der Konjunkturforschung Fortschritte einleiten kann. Hier wird diskutiert, ob eine Hypothesengenerierung über Daten von unternehmerischen Erwartungsbildungen möglich ist. Die Umsetzung ist schwierig und bislang nicht gelungen. Die Messung von Zyklus und Trend ließe sich über den Einsatz von Daten, die aus Befragungen über die jeweilige Kapazitätsauslastung von Unternehmen hervorgehen, bewerkstelligen. Eine so gewonnene Konjunkturkurve dient als Referenzzyklus. Seine Prognose kann durch Frühindikatoren (leading indicators) und durch neue Methoden in der ökonometrischen Forschung (Regimewechsel-Analysen) unterstützt werden. Der Aufsatz ist Adolf Wagner gewidmet, der sich in seinen Arbeiten zur Konjunkturforschung besonders für einen breiten Einsatz von Daten ausspricht, um damit das Erkenntnisspektrum anzureichern.
Ein Prognose- und Simulationswerkzeug zur Unterstützung der kurzfristigen Personalbedarfsplanung in einem Call Center / A Forecasting and Simulation Tool for Personnel Requirement in a Call Center
Authors: Schuhr Roland 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Aufgrund der arbeitsintensiven Dienstleistungen eines Call Centers ist die auf die Optimierung der Personalkosten zielende Personalbedarfs- und Personaleinsatzplanung eine wichtige Aufgabe des Call Center-Managements. In diesem Beitrag wird die Grundkonzeption eines Prognose- und Simulationssystems zur Unterstützung der kurzfristigen Personalbedarfsplanung vorgestellt.
German Register Data for Regression Estimation in Survey Sampling – A Study on the German Microcensus Respecting for Data Protection / Stichproben-Regressionsschätzungen im deutschen Mikrozensus mit Registerdaten unter Berücksichtigung des Datenschutzes
Authors: Wiegert Rolf , Münnich Ralf 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Modern survey sampling methods generally deal with improving estimators with respect to available prior information. An increasingly important source of prior information is data from registers.
In some countries, e.g. Canada, The Netherlands, and the Scandinavian countries, personal identification numbers in registers generally make it possible to improve estimation processes mainly due to the exact match of units between register and estimation variable. In many other countries, this exact matching of information is not possible, e.g. for legal reasons. In the German Microcensus, however, the variable unemployed refers to the register data of the Bundesanstalt fur Arbeit in Nuremberg which are not permitted to be matched to each other for legal reasons.
This article deals with an improvement of estimators with respect to available auxiliary information within the survey to enable an appropriate use of aggregated register information. A Monte Carlo simulation study will allow for the comparison of the estimators with different information or matching levels. This will be achieved in a practical environment using the data of the German Microcensus which is a 1 % survey sample of the German population.
The given example yields recommendations on applying the methodology to similar cases that are influenced by data protection in order to allow for improved estimates in practice.
Prediction of Business Cycle Turning Points in Germany / Prognose konjunktureller Wendepunkte in Deutschland
Authors: Fritsche Ulrich , Kuzin Vladimir 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Using a binary reference series based on the dating procedure of Artis, Kontolemis and Osborn (1997) different procedures for predicting turning points of the German business cycles were tested. Specifically, a probit model as proposed by Estrella and Mishkin (1997) as well as Markov-switching models were taken into consideration. The overall results indicate that the interest rate spread, the real effective exchange rate as well as some monetary indicators and some survey indicators can help to predict turning points of the German business cycle. The models were estimated for the in-sample period 1978 to 1997 and the reliability of the results was tested out of that sample (1998 to 2002).
Capital Budgeting with Taxes under Uncertainty and Irreversibility / Investitionsplanung mit Steuern bei Unsicherheit und Irreversibilität
Authors: Niemann Rainer , Sureth Caren 
Published: September 2016

Summary
This article investigates the derivation of post-tax investment rules and neutral tax systems under risk neutrality and risk aversion for irreversible investment projects. Integrating taxes into real option theory, it can be shown that the possible approaches dynamic programming and contingent claims analysis yield identical investment rules under risk neutrality. Under risk aversion, contingent claims analysis requires a sophisticated capital market model which is still missing. In contrast, dynamic programming as an individual approach permits explicit investment rules at least in the pre-tax case. After taxes, both approaches fail to reach general solutions. Nevertheless, we succeed in proving neutral tax systems for the first time under risk aversion in the real option context using dynamic programming.
Reservationslöhne und Arbeitslosigkeitsdauer/ Reservation Wages and Unemployment Duration
Authors: Christensen Björn 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht den Einfluss erfragter Reservationslöhne auf die Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit auf Basis des GSOEP (2000) für Westdeutschland. Dabei findet die Selektivität im Vorliegen von Reservationslohnbeobachtungen, die aufgrund der nur einmal im Jahr stattfindenden Befragung im GSOEP entsteht, durch eine Heckman-Korrektur Eingang in das Modell und die Möglichkeit zensierter Spells wird über einen Hazardrate-Ansatz mit semiparametrischer unbeobachteter Heterogenitätsschätzung berücksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass erst bei Verwendung der Selektivitätskorrektur der nach der Theorie erwartete positive Effekt des Reservationslohns auf die Arbeitslosigkeitsdauer zu beobachten ist, wobei er dann auch in erheblicher Höhe vorliegt.
Market Structure and Innovation Races / Marktstruktur und Innovationsrennen
Authors: Kukuk Martin , Stadler Manfred 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Based on an extended game-theoretic innovation-race model, we derive some Schumpeterian hypotheses of the impact of technological rivalry, market power, technological opportunities and demand expectations on the timing of product and process innovations. Using innovation data at the firm level in the German industrial sector, we estimate various versions of an econometric specification of the model with dichotomous innovation data by using a univariate binary probit model with qualitative regressor variables estimated applying indirect inference. Our empirical results are consistent with the derived hypotheses that intense rivalry, favorable technological opportunities and high demand expectations spur innovative activity, while the effect of market power is ambiguous.
Sind betriebliche Bündnisse für Arbeit erfolgreich? / Are ln-plant Alliances for Job Security Successful?
Authors: Hübler Olaf 
Published: September 2016

Summary
This paper uses data from the WSI works council survey in 2003 where detailed information on agreements between employers and employees to secure jobs are available. Firm size and profit effects of company-level agreements are investigated. A major result is that the development of firm size is less favourable in companies with in-plant alliances than in other firms. Interestingly, this result is stronger within the group of successful firms. If we distinguish between several measures our estimation shows that training on-the-job and prolongation of working hours are positively correlated with the objective of job security while pay cuts, reduction of working hours and reorganisation of firms lead to further lay-offs. More ambiguous is the impact of working hours accounts. Our investigations demonstrate that the agreements are more successful if employers or the management suggest an in-plant alliance than works councils or unions. Usually, we observe only short run positive employment effects but in the medium term the effects are negative. Only in the long run the development turns around and in-plant alliances are really successful. Sometimes, renegotiations can help to improve the situation.
Training, Mobility, and Wages: Specific Versus General Human Capital
Authors: Garloff Alfred , Kuckulenz Anja 
Published: September 2016

Summary
This paper considers training, mobility decisions and wages together to test for the specificity of human capital contained in continuing training courses. We empirically analyse the relationship between training, mobility and wages in two ways. First, we examine the correlation between training and mobility. In a second step, we consider wage effects of mobility taking training participation into account. First, we find that training participation is negatively correlated with the mobility decision and that training participation decreases the probability of individuals to change the job. Second, we find that wages are lower for job changers for the group of training participants, so wages decrease when trained individuals are mobile. Finally, training participation negatively affects the individuals’s subjective valuation of the quality of their last job change. Taken together, these results suggest that there is some specific human capital, which is incorporated into training and lost when moving between jobs.
Sectoral Heterogeneity in the Employment Effects of Job Creation Schemes in Germany
Authors: Caliendo Marco , Hujer Reinhard , Thomsen Stephan L. 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Job creation schemes (JCS) have been one important programme of active labour market policy (ALMP) in Germany for a long time. They aim at the re-integration of hard-to-place unemployed individuals into regular employment. A thorough microeconometric evaluation of these programmes was hindered by the fact, that available survey datasets have been too small to account for a possible occurrence of effect heterogeneity. However, identifying effect heterogeneity can help to improve the design and implementation of future programmes. Hence, we use administrative data of the Federal Employment Agency, containing over 11,000 participants to analyse the employment effects of JCS on an individual level. We focus explicitly on effect heterogeneity caused by differences in the implementation of programmes, whereas we analysed these effects with respect to group-specific and regional heterogeneity in a previous paper. At first, we evaluate the effects with respect to the economic sector in which the JCS are accomplished. Second, we analyse if different types of support lead to different effects. Finally, we examine if there are varying effects which can be attributed to different implementing institutions. The results are rather discouraging and show that JCS are in general not able to improve the re-integration chances of participants into regular employment.
Works Councils, Labor Productivity and Plant Heterogeneity: First Evidence from Quantile Regressions
Authors: Wagner Joachim , Schank Thorsten , Schnabel Claus , Addison John T. 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Using OLS and quantile regression methods and rich cross-section data sets for western and eastern Germany, this paper demonstrates that the impact of works council presence on labor productivity varies between manufacturing and services, between plants that are or are not covered by collective bargaining, and along the conditional distribution of labor productivity. No productivity effects of works councils are found for the service sector and in manufacturing plants not covered by collective bargaining. Besides demonstrating that it is important to look at evidence based on more than one data set, our empirical findings point to the efficacy of supplementing OLS with quantile regression estimates when investigating the behavior of heterogeneous plants.
Gesetzliche Mitbestimmung und Kapitalrendite Co-Determination and Return on Equity / Co-Determination and Return on Equity
Authors: Kraft Kornelius , Ugarkovič Marija 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Many observers regard the German system of codetermination as a very strong intervention into the working of the capital market. With the introduction of the codetermination law in 1976, employee representatives in limited liability companies with more than 2000 employees are entitled to occupy half of the number of seats and are granted nearly 50% of the voting rights on the supervisory board. We investigate the impact of the introduction of the German codetermination law in 1976 which implied an extension of co-determination from third parity to almost parity on return on equity. Our estimations are based on panel data for 179 companies from 1971 to 1976 and from 1981 to 1986, thus allowing for adjustment to the 1976 law. In contrast to frequently raised fears, no negative impact is found. Our empirical results suggest a positive influence from the 1976 strengthening of co-determination law on return on equity.
Bargaining Regimes and Wage Dispersion
Authors: Gerlach Knut , Stephan Gesine 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Collective wage contracts impose restrictions on wage-setting. We utilize German linked employer-employee data for blue-collar worker to compute the dispersion of wages and wage components within and across firms under three different wage-setting regimes: Establishments applying industry-wide collective contracts, establishments with firm-level contracts and uncovered establishments. The empirical analysis confirms a lower dispersion of wages and in particular “worker quality indices” for firms applying sectoral collective contracts compared to companies in the other two wage-setting regimes. Between the years 1990, 1995 and 2001 the dispersion of wages increases, and this is valid too for firms covered by industry-wide collective contracts. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the results retain their statistical significance and do not change qualitatively if we modify the minimum firm size (establishments with at least 50,100 and 250 employees) or take into account the endogeneity of tenure or self-selection of workers into bargaining regimes.
Alleviation of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in rats by vitamin E via targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory markers
Authors: Al-Asmari Abdulrahman Khazim , Khan Abdul Quaiyoom , Al-Asmari Sarah A. , Al-Rawi Abdulqadir , Al-Omani Saud 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background
Intestinal mucositis is a major concern related with cancer therapy. It is well established that overproduction of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators plays vital role in the pathogenesis of mucositis. The aim of the study was to investigate the modulatory effect of vitamin E (vit. E) on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis by targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in rats.

Methods
Rats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each. All four-group animals received normal standard diet and water throughout the experimental period which last up to 10 days. Rats were gavaged with vit. E (300 mg/kg b. wt.) daily for 10 days (day 1–10) and were given intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (150 mg/kg b. wt.) or saline (control) on day 8 to induce mucositis.

Results
We found that vit. E supplementation ameliorated 5-FU-induced lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase activity, activation of nuclear factor κB, expression of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and mucin depletion. Vit. E administration also attenuated 5-FU-induced histological anomalies such as neutrophil infiltration, loss of cellular integrity, villus and crypt deformities.

Conclusions
Findings of the study suggest that vit. E inhibits 5-FU-induced mucositis via modulation of oxidative stress, activation of redox sensitive transcription factor and its downstream targets.
Stability of the inverse boundary value problem for the biharmonic operator: Logarithmic estimates
Authors: Choudhury Anupam Pal , Heck Horst 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this article, we establish logarithmic stability estimates for the determination of the perturbation of the biharmonic operator from partial data measurements when the inaccessible part of the domain is flat and homogeneous boundary conditions are assumed on this part. This is an improvement to a log-log type stability estimate proved earlier for the partial data case.
Severe malnutrition causing superior mesenteric artery syndrome in an adolescent with Triple A syndrome
Authors: Foster Christy , Choudhary Abha 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTriple A syndrome, formerly known as Allgrove syndrome (AS), is characterized by achalasia, alacrima and adrenal insufficiency. Here we report an adolescent male with adrenal insufficiency who developed severe malnutrition secondary to a delayed diagnosis of achalasia. The severe malnutrition in our patient led to superior mesenteric artery (SMA) obstruction syndrome. Severe malnutrition to the point of SMA syndrome has not been previously described in the literature in Triple A syndrome.
The outcome of seven patients with hereditary tyrosinemia type 1
Authors: Gokay Songul , Ustkoyuncu Pembe Soylu , Kardas Fatih , Kendirci Mustafa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground:Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is a rare, inborn error of tyrosine metabolism. It is a fatal disorder without treatment. Early treatment may prevent acute liver failure, renal dysfunction, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and improves survival. The aim of the present study is to describe the clinical, biochemical, imaging and follow-up of seven patients with HT1 and to define the consequences of the late and interrupted treatment.Methods:A retrospective study was carried out with seven HT1 patients.Results:The median age at onset of clinical symptoms was 11.2 months (range, 3–28 months) and the median age at diagnosis was 22 months (range, 6–58 months). Liver enzymes and coagulation parameters were back to normal in all symptomatic patients in about 2 weeks. Alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were normalized within the first year of therapy. Hypoechoic nodule formation was detected in two of the seven patients despite drug treatment without an increase of AFP and any dysplastic changes in the biopsies. One patient died due to metastatic HCC because of the late diagnosis and the poor compliance of the follow-up.Conclusions:This study showed once again that adherence to the treatment and a follow-up schedule of the patients are very important. Also it should not be forgotten that nodule formation can occur despite nitisinone treatment without an increase of AFP. Despite nitisinone treatment, HT1 patients still carry the risk of HCC. HCC must be detected before metastasis to other organs otherwise, patients may lose the chance for liver transplantation.
Genetic characteristics and long-term follow-up of 11 patients with congenital hyperinsulinism followed in a single center
Authors: Warncke Katharina , Falco Franziska , Rabl Wolfgang , Engelsberger Ilse , Saier Julia , Flores-Rodriguez David , Burdach Stefan , Bonfig Walter 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground:Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a rare disease with an estimated incidence of 1:40,000 live births. Here, we characterize 11 patients treated at Munich Children’s Hospital Schwabing.Methods:We analyzed data on birth, treatment and laboratory results including genetic testing and evaluated the long-term course with a follow-up visit.Results:All patients had severe, diazoxide-(DZX)-resistant hypoglycemia, beginning immediately after birth. Two patients were treated by medical therapy, eight underwent subtotal pancreatectomy and one had a partial resection. Both patients who had medical therapy still suffer from occasional hypoglycemia. Six patients with subtotal pancreatectomy were affected by mild hypoglycemia. Seventy-five percent of patients who had surgical treatment developed diabetes mellitus (DM) at a median age of 10.5 (8–13) years. In 89% of patients with available genetic testing, mutations of theConclusions:The majority of CHI-patients not responding to DZX underwent surgery. After subtotal pancreatectomy, patients typically developed diabetes around early puberty.
An update on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in children and adolescents
Authors: Szczapa-Jagustyn Justyna , Gotz-Więckowska Anna , Kocięcki Jarosław 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground:Risk of developing thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) in children and adolescents is similar or may be even slightly higher than in adults. The aim of this article is to review and summarize current knowledge regarding diagnostic and therapeutic measures in pediatric TAO.Content:MEDLINE and EMBASE papers were searched using the terms ‘pediatric Graves’ ophthalmopathy’ ‘pediatric Graves’ orbitopathy’, ‘thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in childhood and adolescence’ from the year 1970 to December 2015.Summary:TAO usually accompanies hyperthyreosis in Graves’ disease, but may also occur in patients with hypothyreosis due to chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s disease) or in euthyroid patients. Current information regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptoms and treatment of TAO in children and adolescents is presented. The course of the disease is usually mild, eye disturbances often regress after restoring euthyroidism and a ‘wait and see’ policy is appropriate in the majority of patients. In rare cases, sight-threatening complications [dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) or corneal breakdown] may develop and immediate surgical intervention might become necessary.Outlook:Close cooperation between pediatric endocrinologists and opthalmologists is extremely important to ensure best care and quality of life in patients with thyroid gland dysfunction. Further investigations on pathogenesis and course of TAO in children and adolescents should be performed for better management of this disease in this group of patients.