bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rosuvastatin vs. protease inhibitor switching for hypercholesterolaemia: a randomized trial
Authors: Lee FJ , Monteiro P , Baker D , Bloch M , Roth N , Finlayson R , Moore R , Hoy J , Martinez E , Carr A 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin initiation with those of switching of ritonavir‐boosted protease inhibitors (PI/rs) in HIV‐1‐infected adults with hypercholesterolaemia and increased cardiovascular risk scores.MethodsIn this open‐label, multicentre study, HIV‐1‐infected adults on PI/r‐based therapy with viral load < 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL, fasting total cholesterol ≥ 5.5 mmol/L (both for ≥ 6 months) and elevated cardiovascular risk (Framingham score ≥ 8% or diabetes or family history), and not on lipid‐lowering therapy, were randomized to open‐label rosuvastatin 10 mg/day or to PI/r switching, both with standardized diet/exercise advice. The primary endpoint was change in total cholesterol at week 12 (intention to treat).ResultsThere were 43 participants (23 on rosuvastatin). Baseline characteristics were: mean [± standard deviation (SD)] age 55 (8.5) years, 42 (98%) male, 41 (95%) white race, and mean (± SD) total cholesterol 6.2 (1.2) mmol/L. At enrolment, PI/rs were lopinavir/ritonavir (n = 22; 51%), atazanavir/ritonavir (n = 12; 28%) and darunavir/ritonavir (n = 9; 21%). The commonest PI/r substitutes were raltegravir (n = 9; 45%) and rilpivirine (n = 4; 20%). All participants were adherent through to week 12. Rosuvastatin yielded greater declines than PI/r switching in total (− 21.4% vs. − 8.7%, respectively; P = 0.003) and low‐density lipoprotein (− 29.9% vs. − 1.0%, respectively; P < 0.001) cholesterol, but smaller declines in very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides (P < 0.01). Cholesterol lowering was greater in participants on atazanavir/ritonavir or once‐daily darunavir/ritonavir (vs. lopinavir/ritonavir). More study drug‐related adverse events (mostly grade 1 nausea/diarrhoea; 10 vs. one, respectively; P = 0.001) occurred with PI/r switching than with rosuvastatin.ConclusionsIn adults receiving a PI/r, rosuvastatin 10 mg/day for 12 weeks yielded larger decreases in total and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol than PI/r switching, and was better tolerated.
Excusing Economic Envy: On Injustice and Impotence
Authors: Bankovsky Miriam 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFrom the Ancient Greeks, through medieval Christian doctrine, and into the modern age, philosophers have long held envy to be irrational, a position that increasingly accompanies the political view that envy is not a justification for redistributing material goods. After defining the features of envy, and considering two arguments in favour of its irrationality, this article opposes the dominant philosophical and political consensus. It does so by deploying Rawls's much‐ignored concept of ‘excusable envy’ to identify a form of envy that is not imprudent and does not mis‐describe. With this work completed, the article then argues – no doubt controversially – that excusable envy constitutes good grounds for redistribution or inequality‐mitigation. In so doing, the article throws light on the moral significance of certain forms of uncivil disobedience, and also offers a new vocabulary for popular ‘politics of envy’ debates, which are yet to acknowledge the role of social institutions in reproducing envy‐excusing economic inequalities.
Telocytes in exercise‐induced cardiac growth
Authors: Xiao Junjie , Chen Ping , Qu Yi , Yu Pujiao , Yao Jianhua , Wang Hongbao , Fu Siyi , Bei Yihua , Chen Yan , Che Lin , Xu Jiahong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractExercise can induce physiological cardiac growth, which is featured by enlarged cardiomyocyte cell size and formation of new cardiomyocytes. Telocytes (TCs) are a recently identified distinct interstitial cell type, existing in many tissues and organs including heart. TCs have been shown to form a tandem with cardiac stem/progenitor cells in cardiac stem cell niches, participating in cardiac regeneration and repair. Although exercise‐induced cardiac growth has been confirmed as an important way to promote cardiac regeneration and repair, the response of cardiac TCs to exercise is still unclear. In this study, 4 weeks of swimming training was used to induce robust healthy cardiac growth. Exercise can induce an increase in cardiomyocyte cell size and formation of new cardiomyocytes as determined by Wheat Germ Lectin and EdU staining respectively. TCs were identified by three immunofluorescence stainings including double labelling for CD34/vimentin, CD34/platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor‐α and CD34/PDGF receptor‐β. We found that cardiac TCs were significantly increased in exercised heart, suggesting that TCs might help control the activity of cardiac stem/progenitor cells, cardiomyocytes or endothelial cells. Adding cardiac TCs might help promote cardiac regeneration and renewal.
Support and preferences for intermediate health care services for back and neck pain: a survey among members of the Dutch patient association for spinal pain
Authors: Scholten‐Peeters Gwendolijne G. M. , Coppieters Michel W. , van Berlo Didier YJY , Pool‐Goudzwaard Annelies , Bernsmann Kai 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesRecent health care reforms in the Netherlands have led to the introduction of intermediate health care. Intermediate health care combines features of primary care and secondary (hospital) care. It is characterized by a task shift from hospital care to primary care. The initial experiences of medical specialists and general practitioners with intermediate health care are positive. However, the patients' perspectives regarding this reform are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the level of support from patients with back and/or neck pain for intermediate health care services and to provide insight into their preferences how this care should be organized.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in which members of the patient association for spinal pain in the Netherlands completed electronic questionnaires to measure the level of support and preferred organization of intermediate health care services.ResultsQuestionnaires were returned by 367 patients (response rate: 51%). Respondents supported the concept of intermediate health care (numeric rating scale: 7/10). Aspects considered important for intermediate health care included knowledge and expertise of staff, multidisciplinary cooperation, patient contact time, reimbursement via health insurance, quality control of care, evidence‐based treatments and electronic medical records. Although intermediate care is a health care reform, patients continued to think according to traditional primary and secondary care constitutions.ConclusionsPatients with neck and/or back pain support the introduction of intermediate health care services and have explicit preferences regarding its organization, but may need to be better informed when intermediate care is introduced.
A Model to tune Modified Atmosphere Conditions of Powdered Infant Formula Packaging
Authors: Wang Hong Jiang , An Duck Soon , Lee Dong Sun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn order to estimate the pressure change of modified atmosphere (MA) packaging for powdered infant formula flushed with a mixture of CO2 and N2 during distribution and marketing, a mathematical model of the gas state law was established based on the solubility of CO2 in the product experimentally determined as a function of temperature (463–2,615 mg/kg/atm for 40 to −17C). The developed model was verified using comparisons between measured and estimated values and was used to find the pressure differential across the barrier package wall, which may provide the proper strategy for MA packaging. The MA packages initially flushed with high levels of CO2 and stored at a low temperature were estimated to result in lower package pressure, which could dictate the desired range of proportion of CO2 for different combinations of altitude and temperature. Optimum flushing solutions at the product filling stage were found, which accounted for shrinkage, equilibrated mechanical balance or expansion from the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the package under any given geographic conditions. The following results were found: any MA combinations are acceptable at low altitude and low temperature; specific MA compositions consisting of more CO2 and less N2 at higher altitude and temperature should be applied at locations of intermediate altitude and moderate temperature; vacuumization is required at high altitude and high temperature.Practical ApplicationsThe developed model of CO2 absorption and mass balance for MA packaging of powdered infant formula can foresee potential risks of shrinkage or expansion due to the difference between its pressure and ambient pressure under various possible distribution conditions. This model allows the manufacturers to select suitable CO2/N2 proportions at packaging operation under target markets of different altitudes and temperatures.
Global versus Chinese perspectives on the phylogeny of the N‐fixing clade
Authors: Li Hong‐Lei , Wang Wei , Li Rui‐Qi , Zhang Jing‐Bo , Sun Miao , Naeem Rehan , Su Jun‐Xia , Xiang Xiao‐Guo , Mortimer Peter E. , Li De‐Zhu , Hyde Kevin D. , Xu Jian‐Chu , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. , Li Jianhua , Zhang Shou‐Zhou , Wu Hong , Chen Zhi‐Duan , Lu An‐Ming 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in integrating a regional tree of life with community assembly rules in the ecological research. This raises questions regarding the impacts of taxon sampling strategies at the regional versus global scales on the topology. To address this concern, we constructed two trees for the nitrogen‐fixing clade: (i) a genus‐level global tree including 1023 genera; and (ii) a regional tree comprising 303 genera, with taxon sampling limited to China. We used the supermatrix approach and performed maximum likelihood analyses on combined matK, rbcL, and trnL‐F plastid sequences. We found that the topology of the global and the regional tree of the N‐fixing clade were generally congruent. However, whereas relationships among the four orders obtained with the global tree agreed with the accepted topology obtained in focused analyses with more genes, the regional topology obtained different relationships, albeit weakly supported. At a finer scale, the phylogenetic position of the family Myricaceae was found to be sensitive to sampling density. We expect that internal support throughout the phylogeny could be improved with denser taxon sampling. The taxon sampling approach (global vs. regional) did not have a major impact on fine‐level branching patterns of the N‐fixing clade. Thus, a well‐resolved phylogeny with relatively dense taxon sampling strategy at the regional scale appears, in this case, to be a good representation of the overall phylogenetic pattern and could be used in ecological research. Otherwise, the regional tree should be adjusted according to the correspondingly reliable global tree.
Drug–resin drug interactions in patients with delayed gastric emptying: What is optimal time window for drug administration?
Authors: Camilleri M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMost drug–drug interactions involve overlap or competition in drug metabolic pathways. However, there are medications, typically resins, whose function is to bind injurious substances such as bile acids or potassium within the digestive tract. The objective of this article is to review the functions of the stomach and the kinetics of emptying of different food forms or formulations to make recommendations on timing of medication administration in order to avoid intragastric drug interactions. Based on the profiles and kinetics of emptying of liquid nutrients and homogenized solids, a window of 3 h between administration of a resin drug and another ‘target’ medication would be expected to allow a median of 80% of medications with particle size <1 mm to empty from the stomach and, hence, avoid potential interaction such as binding of the ‘target’ medication within the stomach.
Mitochondrial DNA 4977‐base pair common deletion in blood leukocytes and melanoma risk
Authors: Shen Jie , Wan Jie , Huff Chad , Fang Shenying , Lee Jeffrey E. , Zhao Hua 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe 4977‐base pair common deletion DmtDNA4977 is the most frequently observed mitochondrial DNA mutation in human tissues. Because mitochondrial DNA mutations are mainly caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and given that oxidative stress plays an important role in melanoma carcinogenesis, the investigation of DmtDNA4977 may be particularly relevant to the development of melanoma. In this study, we compared DmtDNA4977 levels in blood leukocytes from 206 melanoma patients and 219 healthy controls. Overall, melanoma cases had significantly higher levels of DmtDNA4977 than healthy controls (median: 0.60 vs 0.20, P = 0.008). The difference was evident among individuals who were older than 47 yrs, women, and had pigmentation risk factors (e.g., blond or red hair, blue eye, fair skin, light, or none tanning ability after prolonged sun exposure, and freckling in the sun as a child). The difference was also evident among those who had at least one lifetime sunburn with blistering and had no reported use of a sunlamp. Interestingly, among controls, DmtDNA4977 levels differed by phenotypic index and reported use of a sunlamp. In the risk assessment, increased levels of DmtDNA4977 were associated with a 1.23‐fold increased risk of melanoma (odds ratio (OR): 1.23, 95% confidence interval (90% CI): 1.01, 1.50). A significant dose–response relationship was observed in quartile analysis (P = 0.001). In summary, our study suggests that high levels of DmtDNA4977 in blood leukocytes are associated with increased risk of melanoma and that association is affected by both pigmentation and personal history of sun exposure.
The Co‐evolution of Speech and the Lexicon: The Interaction of Functional Pressures, Redundancy, and Category Variation
Authors: Winter Bodo , Wedel Andrew 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe sound system of a language must be able to support a perceptual contrast between different words in order to signal communicatively relevant meaning distinctions. In this paper, we use a simple agent‐based exemplar model in which the evolution of sound‐category systems is understood as a co‐evolutionary process, where the range of variation within sound categories is constrained by functional pressure to keep different words perceptually distinct. We show that this model can reproduce several observed effects on the range of sound variation. We argue that phonological systems can be seen as finding a relative optimum of variation: Efficient communication is sustained while at the same time, hidden category variation provides pathways for future evolution.
Technical Note: Range verification system using edge detection method for a scintillator and a CCD camera system
Authors: Saotome Naoya , Furukawa Takuji , Hara Yousuke , Mizushima Kota , Tansho Ryohei , Saraya Yuichi , Shirai Toshiyuki , Noda Koji 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:Three‐dimensional irradiation with a scanned carbon‐ion beam has been performed from 2011 at the authors’ facility. The authors have developed the rotating‐gantry equipped with the scanning irradiation system. The number of combinations of beam properties to measure for the commissioning is more than 7200, i.e., 201 energy steps, 3 intensities, and 12 gantry angles. To compress the commissioning time, quick and simple range verification system is required. In this work, the authors develop a quick range verification system using scintillator and charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera and estimate the accuracy of the range verification.Methods:A cylindrical plastic scintillator block and a CCD camera were installed on the black box. The optical spatial resolution of the system is 0.2 mm/pixel. The camera control system was connected and communicates with the measurement system that is part of the scanning system. The range was determined by image processing. Reference range for each energy beam was determined by a difference of Gaussian (DOG) method and the 80% of distal dose of the depth‐dose distribution that were measured by a large parallel‐plate ionization chamber. The authors compared a threshold method and a DOG method.Results:The authors found that the edge detection method (i.e., the DOG method) is best for the range detection. The accuracy of range detection using this system is within 0.2 mm, and the reproducibility of the same energy measurement is within 0.1 mm without setup error.Conclusions:The results of this study demonstrate that the authors’ range check system is capable of quick and easy range verification with sufficient accuracy.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Macrolide-Resistant
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Strain S355, Isolated in China
Authors: Li Shaoli , Liu Fei , Sun Hongmei , Zhu Baoli , Lv Na , Xue Guanhua 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Macrolide-resistant
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
plays an important role in refractory
M. pneumoniae
pneumonia. Here, we present the whole-genome sequencing of the macrolide-resistant
M. pneumoniae
strain S355. The annotated full-genome sequence might provide a new insight into drug resistance in
M. pneumoniae
and can help pediatricians recognize the disease earlier.
Complete Genome Sequence of Cyanobacterium
Leptolyngbya
sp. NIES-3755
Authors: Hirose Yuu , Fujisawa Takatomo , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Katayama Mitsunori , Misawa Naomi , Wakazuki Sachiko , Shimura Yohei , Nakamura Yasukazu , Kawachi Masanobu , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Eki Toshihiko , Kanesaki Yu 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Cyanobacterial genus
Leptolyngbya
comprises genetically diverse species, but the availability of their complete genome information is limited. Here, we isolated
Leptolyngbya
sp. strain NIES-3755 from soil at the Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan. We determined the complete genome sequence of the NIES-3755 strain, which is composed of one chromosome and three plasmids.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Methylobacterium
sp. Strain AMS5, an Isolate from a Soybean Stem
Authors: Minami Tomoyuki , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Anda Mizue , Nagata Yuji , Tsuda Masataka , Mitsui Hisayuki , Sugawara Masayuki , Minamisawa Kiwamu 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Nonrhizobial
Methylobacterium
spp. inhabit the phyllosphere of a wide variety of plants. We report here the complete genome sequence of
Methylobacterium
sp. AMS5, which was isolated from a soybean stem. The information is useful for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between nonrhizobial
Methylobacterium
spp. and plants.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Aliiroseovarius crassostreae
CV919-312, the Causative Agent of
Roseovarius
Oyster Disease (Formerly Juvenile Oyster Disease)
Authors: Kessner Linda , Spinard Edward , Gomez-Chiarri Marta , Rowley David C. , Nelson David R. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Aliiroseovarius crassostreae
CV919-312 is a marine alphaproteobacterium and the causative agent of
Roseovarius
oyster disease. We announce here the draft genome sequence of
A. crassostreae
CV919-312 and identify potential virulence genes involved in pathogenicity.
Understanding tensions and identifying clinician agreement on improvements to early-stage chronic kidney disease monitoring in primary care: a qualitative study
Authors: Simmonds Rosemary , Evans Julie , Feder Gene , Blakeman Tom , Lasserson Dan , Murray Elizabeth , Bennert Kristina , Locock Louise , Horwood Jeremy 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesSince 2006, general practitioners (GPs) in England, UK, have been incentivised to keep a register and monitor patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5. Despite tensions and debate around the merit of this activity, there has been little qualitative research exploring clinician perspectives on monitoring early-stage CKD in primary care. This study aimed to examine and understand a range of different healthcare professional views and experiences of identification and monitoring in primary care of early-stage CKD, in particular stage 3.DesignQualitative design using semistructured interviews.SettingNational Health Service (NHS) settings across primary and secondary care in South West England, UK.Participants25 clinicians: 16 GPs, 3 practice nurses, 4 renal consultants and 2 public health physicians.ResultsWe identified two related overarching themes of dissonance and consonance in clinician perspectives on early-stage CKD monitoring in primary care. Clinician dissonance around clinical guidelines for CKD monitoring emanated from different interpretations of CKD and different philosophies of healthcare and moral decision-making. Clinician consonance centred on the need for greater understanding of renal decline and increasing proteinuria testing to reduce overdiagnosis and identify those patients who were at risk of progression and further morbidity and who would benefit from early intervention. Clinicians recommended adopting a holistic approach for patients with CKD representing a barometer of overall health.ConclusionsThe introduction of new National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) CKD guidelines in 2014, which focus the meaning and purpose of CKD monitoring by increased proteinuria testing and assessment of risk, may help to resolve some of the ethical and moral tensions clinicians expressed regarding the overmedicalisation of patients with a CKD diagnosis.
A New Framework for Privacy-Preserving Aggregation of Time-Series Data
Authors: Benhamouda Fabrice , Joye Marc , Libert BenoîT 
Published: March 2016

Aggregator-oblivious encryption is a useful notion put forward by Shi et al. in 2011 that allows an untrusted aggregator to periodically compute an aggregate value over encrypted data contributed by a set of users. Such encryption schemes find numerous applications, particularly in the context of privacy-preserving smart metering.
This article presents a general framework for constructing privacy-preserving aggregator-oblivious encryption schemes using a variant of Cramer-Shoup’s paradigm of smooth projective hashing. This abstraction leads to new schemes based on a variety of complexity assumptions. It also improves upon existing constructions, providing schemes with shorter ciphertexts and better encryption times.
SQL’s Three-Valued Logic and Certain Answers
Authors: Libkin Leonid 
Published: March 2016

The goal of the article is to bridge the difference between theoretical and practical approaches to answering queries over databases with nulls. Theoretical research has long ago identified the notion of correctness of query answering over incomplete data: one needs to find certain answers, which are true regardless of how incomplete information is interpreted. This serves as the notion of correctness of query answering, but carries a huge complexity tag. In practice, on the other hand, query answering must be very efficient, and to achieve this, SQL uses three-valued logic for evaluating queries on databases with nulls. Due to the complexity mismatch, the two approaches cannot coincide, but perhaps they are related in some way. For instance, does SQL always produce answers we can be certain about?
This is not so: SQL’s and certain answers semantics could be totally unrelated. We show, however, that a slight modification of the three-valued semantics for relational calculus queries can provide the required certainty guarantees. The key point of the new scheme is to fully utilize the three-valued semantics, and classify answers not into certain or noncertain, as was done before, but rather into certainly true, certainly false, or unknown. This yields relatively small changes to the evaluation procedure, which we consider at the level of both declarative (relational calculus) and procedural (relational algebra) queries. These new evaluation procedures give us certainty guarantees even for queries returning tuples with null values.