bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibition suppresses pathological retinal angiogenesis
Authors: Chen Siyue , Liu Yuming , Zhang Yutian , Guo Xu , Bai Tinghui , He Kai , Zhu Yanfang , Lei Yi , Du Mei , Wang Xiaohong , Liu Qiang , Yan Hua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposePathological retinal angiogenesis is a typical manifestation of vision‐threatening ocular diseases. Many patients exhibit poor response or resistance to anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) controls the proliferation and function of immune cells. Therefore, we examined the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐angiogenic effects of BTK inhibition on retinal angiogenesis.Experimental ApproachRetinal neovascularisation and vascular leakage in oxygen‐induced retinopathy in C57/BL6J mice were assessed by whole‐mount retinal immunofluorescence. PLX5622 was used to deplete microglia and Rag1‐knockout mice were used to test the contribution of lymphocytes to the effects of BTK inhibition. The cytokines, activation markers, inflammatory and immune‐regulatory activities of retinal microglia/macrophages were detected using qRT‐PCR and immunofluorescence. NLRP3 was detected by western blotting, and the effects of BTK inhibition on the co‐culture of microglia and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were examined.Key ResultsBTK inhibition suppressed pathological angiogenesis and vascular leakage, and significantly reduced retinal inflammation, which involved microglia/macrophages but not lymphocytes. BTK inhibition increased anti‐inflammatory factors and reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokines that resulted from NLRP3 inflammasome activation. BTK inhibition suppressed the inflammatory activity of microglia/macrophages, and acted synergistically with anti‐VEGF without retinal toxicity. Moreover, the supernatant of microglia incubated with BTK‐inhibitor reduced the proliferation, tube formation and sprouting of HRMECs.Conclusion and ImplicationsBTK inhibition suppressed retinal neovascularisation and vascular leakage by modulating the inflammatory activity of microglia and macrophages. Our study suggests BTK inhibition as a novel and promising approach for alleviating pathological retinal angiogenesis.
Self‐harm, suicidal ideation, depression and peer relationships in transgender and gender diverse adolescents accessing specialist mental health services
Authors: Whittle Kathryn , Moore Emma , Stallard Paul 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThere are an estimated 25 million transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals worldwide, with 1.2%–2.7% of this population being under the age of 18. Community studies describe increased rates of mental health difficulties such as depression, self‐harm, suicidal ideation and difficulties with peer relationships for TGD youth over cisgender peers. However, comparatively little is known about the mental health symptomatology of TGD youth attending specialist mental health services (CAMHS) in the UK.MethodThis cross‐sectional study explored data from 170 young people participating in the Beating Adolescent Self‐Harm (BASH) trial. Baseline data about self‐harm, depression, and impact on daily life was compared for those who identified as TGD (n = 18) with those who identified as cisgender (n = 152).ResultsIn the transgender group, 18 (100%) scored ≥27 on the MFQ suggesting severe depression and had total scores on the SDQ impact scale of ≥3, in the very high range. In comparison in the cisgender group, 140 (92.1%) scored ≥27 on the MFQ and 103 (67.8%) had total scores on the SDQ impact scale of ≥3. The TGD group reported higher rates of self‐harm, poorer peer relationships, less prosocial behaviour and greater interference with friendships and leisure activities and impact in the classroom. Both groups reported similar symptoms of depression.ConclusionsWhilst this exploratory study has limitations, these results suggest that TGD youth attending CAMHS may experience greater mental health problems than their cisgender peers.
Functional heterogeneity of meniscal fibrochondrocytes and microtissue models is dependent on modality of fibrochondrocyte isolation
Authors: Ma Zhiyao , Chawla Shikha , Lan Xiaoyi , Zhou Eva , Mulet‐Sierra Aillette , Kunze Melanie , Sommerfeldt Mark , Adesida Adetola B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCollagenase digestion (d) and cellular outgrowth (og) are the current modalities of meniscus fibrochondrocytes (MFC) isolation for bioengineering and mechanobiology‐related studies. However, the impact of these modalities on study outcomes is unknown. Here, we show that og‐ and d‐isolated MFC have distinct proliferative capacities, transcriptomic profiles via RNA sequencing (RNAseq), extracellular matrix (ECM)‐forming, and migratory capacities. Our data indicate that microtissue pellet models developed from og‐isolated MFC display a contractile phenotype with higher expressions of alpha‐smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) and transgelin (TAGLN) and are mechanically stiffer than their counterparts from d‐MFC. Moreover, we introduce a novel method of MFC isolation designated digestion‐after‐outgrowth (dog). The transcriptomic profile of dog‐MFC is distinct from d‐ and og‐MFC, including a higher expression of mechanosensing caveolae‐associated caveolin‐1 (CAV1). Additionally, dog‐MFC were superior chondrogenically and generated larger‐size microtissue pellet models containing a higher frequency of smaller collagen fibre diameters. Thus, we demonstrate that the modalities of MFC isolation influence the downstream outcomes of bioengineering and mechanobiology‐related studies.
Which Aspects of Parenting Predict the Development of Empathic Concern During Infancy?
Authors: Orlitsky Tal , Davidov Maayan , Paz Yael , Roth‐Hanania Ronit , Berger Maia Ram , Yizhar Lital , Shiller Liad , Zahn‐Waxler Carolyn 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examined which parenting behaviors predict the development of infants’ empathic concern for others in distress. We distinguished between three forms of sensitive/responsive parenting: mothers' responsiveness to infant distress, their responsiveness to the infant's nondistress cues, and maternal expression of positive affect and affection in nondistress. Although in prior work these parenting behaviors were frequently combined, or subsumed under a single global construct, such as “sensitive responsiveness”, the three forms of parenting are theoretically distinct. We hypothesized that once all three were examined simultaneously, only responsiveness to distress would emerge as a unique predictor of empathy. A sample of 165 Israeli infants (50% girls) was assessed from 3 to 18 months. Parenting measures were coded from mother–infant interactions at 3 and 6 months, and infants’ empathic concern was assessed using three distressed stimuli at ages 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Path analysis models revealed that, consistent with the hypothesis, only responsiveness to distress uniquely predicted infants' subsequent empathic concern, over and above the other forms of parenting and preexisting empathy levels; conversely, being responsive or affectionate when infants were not distressed did not predict their empathic abilities. The findings underscore the importance of differentiating between theoretically distinct forms of parenting, even when they are correlated. The discussion addresses the role of responsiveness to infants’ distress in the early development of empathic capacity, and highlights avenues for future research.
Somatic and mental symptoms associated with dysglycaemia, diabetes‐related complications and mental conditions in people with diabetes: Assessments in daily life using continuous glucose monitoring and ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Hermanns Norbert , Ehrmann Dominic , Kulzer Bernhard , Klinker Laura , Haak Thomas , Schmitt Andreas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo analyse the potential drivers (glucose level, complications, diabetes type, gender, age and mental health) of diabetes symptoms using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and ecological momentary assessment.Materials and MethodsParticipants used a smartphone application to rate 25 diabetes symptoms in their daily lives over 8 days. These symptoms were grouped into four blocks so that each symptom was rated six times on 2 days (noon, afternoon and evening). The symptom ratings were associated with the glucose levels for the previous 2 hours, measured with CGM. Linear mixed‐effects models were used, allowing for nested random effects and the conduct of N = 1 analysis of individual associations.ResultsIn total, 192 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 179 with type 2 diabetes completed 6380 app check‐ins. Four symptoms showed a significant negative association with glucose values, indicating higher ratings at lower glucose (speech difficulties, P = .003; coordination problems, P = .00005; confusion, P = .049; and food cravings, P = .0003). Four symptoms showed a significant positive association with glucose values, indicating higher scores at higher glucose (thirst, P = .0001; urination, P = .0003; taste disturbances, P = .021; and itching, P = .0120). There were also significant positive associations between microangiopathy and eight symptoms. Elevated depression and diabetes distress were associated with higher symptom scores. N = 1 analysis showed highly idiosyncratic associations between symptom reports and glucose levels.ConclusionsThe N = 1 analysis facilitated the creation of personalized symptom profiles related to glucose levels with consideration of factors such as complications, gender, body mass index, depression and diabetes distress. This approach can enhance precision monitoring for diabetes symptoms in precision medicine.
Efficacy and safety of a fixed‐dose combination of dapagliflozin and linagliptin (AJU‐A51) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled phase III study
Authors: Hong Jun Hwa , Kim Myung Jin , Min Kyung Wan , Won Jong Chul , Kim Tae Nyun , Lee Byung‐Wan , Kang Jun Goo , Kim Jae Hyeon , Park Jung Hwan , Ku Bon Jeong , Lee Chang Beom , Kim Sang Yong , Shon Ho Sang , Lee Woo Je , Park Joong‐Yeol 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of add‐on dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) who had inadequate glycaemic control with metformin and linagliptin.Materials and MethodsA total of 235 patients with inadequate response to metformin (≥1000 mg/day) plus linagliptin (5 mg/day) were randomized to receive either dapagliflozin/linagliptin fixed‐dose combination (FDC [AJU‐A51]) 10/5 mg/day (n = 117) or linagliptin 5 mg plus placebo (n = 118) for 24 weeks. After the main treatment period, patients who received linagliptin plus placebo were treated with AJU‐A51 for an additional 28 weeks. Change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to Week 24 was the primary endpoint.ResultsAJU‐A51 significantly reduced HbA1c levels (from 7.93% ± 0.82% to 7.11% ± 0.61%) compared with linagliptin plus placebo (from 7.80% ± 0.71% to 7.87% ± 0.94%), with a least squares mean difference of −0.88% (95% confidence interval −1.07 to −0.68; p < 0.0001) at 24 weeks. The AJU‐A51 group had a significantly higher proportion of patients who achieved HbA1c <7.0% at Week 24 than the control group (44.8% vs. 18.6%; p < 0.001). The AJU‐A51 group maintained glycaemic efficacy up to 52 weeks, whereas the control group showed a substantial reduction in HbA1c after switching to AJU‐A51 in the extension study period. Both groups had similar incidence of treatment‐emergent and serious adverse events, and no cases of symptomatic hypoglycaemia were reported.ConclusionsDapagliflozin and linagliptin FDC (AJU‐A51) showed potent glucose‐lowering effects, with good tolerability, in patients with T2D who had poor glycaemic control on metformin and linagliptin (ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT06329674]).
Cost‐effectiveness of finerenone added to standard of care for patients with type 2 diabetes‐related chronic kidney disease in the United States
Authors: Zheng Cailin , Wu Jinneng , Li Na , Wei Xiaoxia , Huang Zhixiong , Chen Lingbin , Chen Zhou 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the cost‐effectiveness of adding finerenone to standard of care (SoC) for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)‐related chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States.Materials and MethodsBased on the clinical data analysed by FIDELITY, we referenced the validated FINE‐CKD model (Markov model) to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of SoC versus SoC + finerenone from the perspective of US payers. The model was cycled for 35 years in 4‐month cycles, with cost and utility values derived from the published literature. The primary outcomes were incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the base‐case results.ResultsThe treatment strategy of finerenone plus SoC led to gains of 6.95 QALYs and had a lifetime cost of $491 745.31. Compared to SoC, that strategy yielded 0.48 more QALYs at an added cost of $65 305.72. The ICER for finerenone was $135 257.06 per QALY, which is below the willingness‐to‐pay threshold of United States ($150 000/QALY). The results were sensitive to the hazard ratios associated with the efficacy of finerenone and its cost. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed that the probability that finerenone plus SoC would be cost‐effective was 57.6%.ConclusionsFor patients with T2DM‐related CKD, adding finerenone to SoC may be a cost‐effective option in the United States. Reasonable price reductions for finerenone could potentially benefit more patients.
Sugarcane harvesting systems in Brazil: Effects on soil carbon stocks and ethanol payback time
Authors: Maia Stoécio Malta Ferreira , Borges Sávio Tavares Ferreira , Medeiros Aldair de Souza 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReplacing the burnt sugarcane harvesting system with unburnt sugarcane is important for the sustainability of the sugarcane sector in Brazil. Thus, quantifying the impact of the change in the sugarcane harvesting system on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in Brazil is necessary, as it will allow the refinement of data on SOC, which is essential for the preparation of the national inventory of emissions and removal of greenhouse gases (GHGs), in addition to contributing to national public policies. We used data from both soil sampling and literature review in this study, resulting in 210 pairs of comparisons: 84 for the conversion from burnt sugarcane to unburnt sugarcane; 95 for the conversion from native vegetation to unburnt sugarcane; and 31 for the conversion from native vegetation to burnt sugarcane (NV–burnt), which we analysed using a mixed linear model. In Brazil and the South‐Centre region, burnt–unburnt conversion results in a progressive increase in SOC stocks over time, in surface and subsurface layers. Over 20 years, the NV–burnt conversion showed SOC losses between 15% and 32%, and the NV–unburnt conversion showed losses between 27% and 35%. SOC change rates showed gains of 0.32 and 0.59 Mg C ha−1 year−1 for burnt–unburnt, and losses ranging from 0.82 to 1.06 Mg C ha−1 year−1 for conversions from native vegetation. The time required to offset the negative carbon balance of the NV–unburnt conversion is 6.4 and 8.2 years, being shorter than the payback time of the NV–burnt conversion, which is 9.9 and 9.2 years, in the 0–30 and 0–50 cm layers, respectively.
Distinct features of topsoil carbon fractions across urban forests in eastern China
Authors: Guo Hongbo , He Tao , Gao Xiaofei , Xia Nan , Tang Yang , Tian Yuehan , Du Enzai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRapid urbanization has increased the areas of urban forests that store considerable soil carbon (C). Different soil C fractions may show distinctive contents and spatial patterns in view of their contrasting sensitivities to various drivers. However, current studies on soil C fractions are mostly limited to natural ecosystems and little is known about the large‐scale patterns and drivers of soil C fractions in urban forests. Based on a field survey of urban forests across a north–south transect in eastern China, we analysed the spatial variations and main drivers of topsoil (surface layer, 0–10 cm; subsurface layer, 10–20 cm) C fractions (i.e., soil organic C, SOC; soil inorganic C, SIC; particulate organic C, POC; mineral‐associated organic C, MAOC). Our results showed that topsoil contents of POC, MAOC and SOC changed non‐linearly with latitude, with lowest values occurring in the cities in the warm temperate region. In contrast, SIC content showed the highest values in the warm temperate region. POC instead of MAOC was found to be a major fraction of SOC in urban forests. The spatial variation in topsoil POC content was mainly explained by mean annual temperature, soil clay and silt content, and park age. The spatial variation in MAOC content was mainly explained by soil clay and silt content, mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature and park age. In contrast, the spatial variation in SIC content was mainly explained by mean annual precipitation and soil pH. These findings demonstrate distinct features of different soil C fractions in urban forests and provide useful implications for urban soil carbon management.
How do firms use their dynamic capabilities in strategic factor markets? The role of resource rarity
Authors: Koparan Ipek , Aksaray Gorkem 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the use of dynamic capabilities in evolving strategic factor markets (SFMs), with an emphasis on the role of resource rarity. We investigate how the three dimensions of dynamic capabilities—sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring—interact with resource rarity to influence the economic value of resource acquisition. Our framework introduces the concept of a “resource rarity lifecycle,” which tracks the trajectory of resources within SFMs, shaped by the pace of change in market conditions. In slow‐paced SFMs, rare resources remain rare for longer, justifying investments in sensing and seizing capabilities. In contrast, in fast‐paced SFMs, rare resources quickly become common, making investments in reconfiguring capabilities more economically viable. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical implications and suggest potential avenues for future research.
A closer look at the demographics of same‐sex marriage in the United States: Implications for research, practice, and policy
Authors: Perry Nicholas S. , Lee Jenny , Rhoades Galena K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn 2015, the United States Supreme Court legalized same‐sex marriage nationwide, setting in motion a sweeping social change for sexual minority people and their romantic relationships. The United States Census Bureau collects demographic data on same‐sex couple households, offering an opportunity to better understand the demographic makeup of same‐sex marriage today. This knowledge is essential for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers who aim to understand and support same‐sex couples' relationships. We used national probability data from the American Community Survey collected in 2021 (the most recent year these data are available) on married and unmarried, cohabiting same‐sex and opposite‐sex households. Respondents reported their own age, race, ethnicity, education, employment, income, home ownership, and whether they had children living with them in their household. Differences between married and unmarried opposite‐sex couples were observed in race, ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic status, consistent with prior research. Many of these demographic gaps also existed for same‐sex couples, although these were often smaller. Several of these differences further varied between male and female same‐sex couples. Same‐sex married couples appear to be more demographically diverse than opposite‐sex married couples. However, like opposite‐sex couples, same‐sex couples from multiple minoritized groups were less likely to be married. Future research is needed to understand drivers of these differences (e.g., different attitudes about marriage or lack of access to marriage) and their impact. Policymakers and clinicians will need to bear these group differences in mind when designing policy and delivering services to support the well‐being of sexual minority couples.
From anecdotes to insights: Streamlining the research idea generation process
Authors: Ben‐David Itzhak 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper explores strategies for generating and evaluating novel research ideas. Researchers can identify promising ideas by systematically exposing themselves to new, practitioner‐relevant information and by contrasting emerging facts with existing theories. Additionally, by identifying the necessary conditions that are required for an idea to become a viable research project, researchers can quickly discard low‐prospect ideas, freeing up mental space and time to evaluate new research opportunities.
Direct Evidence for Microbial Regulation of the Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Carbon Decomposition
Authors: Pei Junmin , Fang Changming , Li Bo , Nie Ming , Li Jinquan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSoil physicochemical protection, substrates, and microorganisms are thought to modulate the temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition (Q10), but their regulatory roles have yet to be distinguished because of the confounding effects of concurrent changes of them. Here, we sought to differentiate these effects through microorganism reciprocal transplant and aggregate disruption experiments using soils collected from seven sites along a 5000‐km latitudinal transect encompassing a wide range of climatic conditions and from a 4‐year laboratory incubation experiment. We found direct microbial regulation of Q10, with a higher Q10 being associated with greater fungal:bacterial ratios. However, no significant direct effects of physicochemical protection and substrate were observed on the variation in Q10 along the latitudinal transect or among different incubation time points. These findings highlight that we should move forward from physicochemical protection and substrate to microbial mechanisms regulating soil carbon decomposition temperature sensitivity to understand and better predict soil carbon–climate feedback.
Green Skills for Sustainability Transitions
Authors: Fuchs Martina 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGreen Skills are considered a prerequisite for sustainability transitions. However, existing literature shows heterogenous meanings of Green Skills, which are based on normative assumptions about what is understood as ‘green’ and ‘skill’. Despite the high expectations of Green Skills as a driving force for increasing sustainability of companies and regions, there is a research gap about implementation of Green Skills in vocational education and further training, and their impact on sustainability transitions. This paper is based on a literature review and reveals a fertile field for investigation, creating clarity by systematically analysing the fragmented literature and suggesting a research agenda for economic geography and labour geography.