bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rasch Model Analysis Gives New Insights Into the Structural Validity of the QuickDASH in Patients With Musculoskeletal Shoulder Pain
Authors: Jerosch-Herold Christina , Chester Rachel , Shepstone Lee 
Published: July 2017

Study Design Cross-sectional secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study. Background The shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH) is a widely used outcome measure that has been extensively evaluated using classical test theory. Rasch model analysis can identify strengths and weaknesses of rating scales and goes beyond classical test theory approaches. It uses a mathematical model to test the fit between the observed data and expected responses and converts ordinal-level scores into interval-level measurement. Objective To test the structural validity of the QuickDASH using Rasch analysis. Methods A prospective cohort study of 1030 patients with shoulder pain provided baseline data. Rasch analysis was conducted to (1) assess how the QuickDASH fits the Rasch model, (2) identify sources of misfit, and (3) explore potential solutions to these. Results There was evidence of multidimensionality and significant misfit to the Rasch model (χ2 = 331.09, P<.001). Two items had disordered threshold responses with strong floor effects. Response bias was detected in most items for age and sex. Rescoring resulted in ordered thresholds; however, the 11-item scale still did not meet the expectations of the Rasch model. Conclusion Rasch model analysis on the QuickDASH has identified a number of problems that cannot be easily detected using traditional analyses. While revisions to the QuickDASH resulted in better fit, a “shoulder-specific” version is not advocated at present. Caution needs to be exercised when interpreting results of the QuickDASH outcome measure, as it does not meet the criteria for interval-level measurement and shows significant response bias by age and sex. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(9):664–672. Epub 13 Jul 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7288
Neuroendocrine Response Following a Thoracic Spinal Manipulation in Healthy Men
Authors: Sampath Kesava Kovanur , Botnmark Erik , Mani Ramakrishnan , Cotter James David , Katare Rajesh , Munasinghe Pujika Emani , Tumilty Steve 
Published: July 2017

Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Background Spinal manipulation (SM) can trigger a cascade of responses involving multiple systems, including the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system, specifically, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. However, no manual therapy study has investigated the neuroendocrine response to SM (ie, sympathetic nervous system-hypothalamic-pituitary axis) in the same trial. Objective To determine short-term changes in sympathetic nervous system activity, heart rate variability, and endocrine activity (cortisol, testosterone, and testosterone-cortisol [T/C] ratio) following a thoracic SM. Methods Twenty-four healthy men aged between 18 and 45 years were randomized into 2 groups: thoracic SM (n = 12) and sham (n = 12). Outcome measures were salivary cortisol (micrograms per deciliter), salivary testosterone (picograms per milliliter), T/C ratio, heart rate variability, and changes in oxyhemoglobin concentration of the right calf muscle (micromoles per liter). Measurements were done before and at 5 minutes, 30 minutes, and approximately 6 hours after intervention. Results A statistically significant group-by-time interaction was noted for T/C ratio (P<.05) and salivary cortisol (P<.01) concentrations. Significant between-group differences were noted for salivary cortisol concentration at 5 minutes (mean difference, 0.35; 95% confidence interval: 0.12, 0.6; interaction: P<.01) and for T/C ratio at 6 hours postintervention (mean difference, −0.09; 95% confidence interval: −0.16, −0.04; P = .02). However, SM did not differentially alter oxyhemoglobin, testosterone, or heart rate variability relative to responses in the sham group. Conclusion Thoracic SM resulted in an immediate decrease in salivary cortisol concentration and reduced T/C ratio 6 hours after intervention. A pattern of immediate sympathetic excitation was also observed in the SM group. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(9):617–627. Epub 13 Jul 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7348
High-resolution Spectroscopy of Extremely Metal-poor Stars from SDSS/SEGUE. III. Unevolved Stars with [Fe/H] ≲ −3.5*
Authors: Matsuno Tadafumi , Aoki Wako , Beers Timothy C. , Lee Young Sun , Honda Satoshi 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We present elemental abundances for eight unevolved extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars with

, among which seven have

. The sample is selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey/Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SDSS/SEGUE) and our previous high-resolution spectroscopic follow-up with the Subaru Telescope. Several methods to derive stellar parameters are compared, and no significant offset in the derived parameters is found in most cases. From an abundance analysis relative to the standard EMP star G64–12, an average Li abundance for stars with

is

, with a standard deviation of

dex. This result confirms that lower Li abundances are found at lower metallicity, as suggested by previous studies, and demonstrates that the star-to-star scatter is small. The small observed scatter could be a strong constraint on Li-depletion mechanisms proposed for explaining the low Li abundance at lower metallicity. Our analysis for other elements obtained the following results: (i) a statistically significant scatter in

for Na, Mg, Cr, Ti, Sr, and Ba, and an apparent bimodality in

with a separation of

, (ii) an absence of a sharp drop in the metallicity distribution, and (iii) the existence of a CEMP-s star at

and possibly at

, which may provide a constraint on the mixing efficiency of unevolved stars during their main-sequence phase.
OSSOS. VI. Striking Biases in the Detection of Large Semimajor Axis Trans-Neptunian Objects
Authors: Shankman Cory , Kavelaars J. J. , Bannister Michele T. , Gladman Brett J. , Lawler Samantha M. , Chen 陳英 Ying-Tung 同 , Jakubik Marian , Kaib Nathan , Alexandersen Mike , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Petit Jean-Marc , Volk Kathryn 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The accumulating but small set of large semimajor axis trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) shows an apparent clustering in the orientations of their orbits. This clustering must either be representative of the intrinsic distribution of these TNOs, or else have arisen as a result of observation biases and/or statistically expected variations for such a small set of detected objects. The clustered TNOs were detected across different and independent surveys, which has led to claims that the detections are therefore free of observational bias. This apparent clustering has led to the so-called “Planet 9” hypothesis that a super-Earth currently resides in the distant solar system and causes this clustering. The Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS) is a large program that ran on the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope from 2013 to 2017, discovering more than 800 new TNOs. One of the primary design goals of OSSOS was the careful determination of observational biases that would manifest within the detected sample. We demonstrate the striking and non-intuitive biases that exist for the detection of TNOs with large semimajor axes. The eight large semimajor axis OSSOS detections are an independent data set, of comparable size to the conglomerate samples used in previous studies. We conclude that the orbital distribution of the OSSOS sample is consistent with being detected from a uniform underlying angular distribution.
The z ∼ 6 Luminosity Function Fainter than −15 mag from the Hubble Frontier Fields: The Impact of Magnification Uncertainties
Authors: Bouwens R. J. , Oesch P. A. , Illingworth G. D. , Ellis R. S. , Stefanon M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We use the largest sample of

galaxies to date from the first four Hubble Frontier Fields clusters to set constraints on the shape of the

luminosity functions (LFs) to fainter than

mag. We quantify, for the first time, the impact of magnification uncertainties on LF results and thus provide more realistic constraints than other recent work. Our simulations reveal that, for the highly magnified sources, the systematic uncertainties can become extremely large fainter than −14 mag, reaching several orders of magnitude at 95% confidence at approximately −12 mag. Our new forward-modeling formalism incorporates the impact of magnification uncertainties into the LF results by exploiting the availability of many independent magnification models for the same cluster. One public magnification model is used to construct a mock high-redshift galaxy sample that is then analyzed using the other magnification models to construct an LF. Large systematic errors occur at high magnifications (

) because of differences between the models. The volume densities we derive for faint (≳−17 mag) sources are ∼3–4× lower than one recent report and give a faint-end slope

, which is 3.0–3.5σ shallower (including or not including the size uncertainties, respectively). We introduce a new curvature parameter δ to model the faint end of the LF and demonstrate that the observations permit (at 68% confidence) a turn-over at

in the range of −15.3 to −14.2 mag, depending on the assumed lensing model. The present consideration of magnification errors and new size determinations raise doubts about previous reports regarding the form of the LF at

. We discuss the implications of our turn-over constraints in the context of recent theoretical predictions.
Multiple Disk Gaps and Rings Generated by a Single Super-Earth
Authors: Dong 董 Ruobing 若冰 , Li 李 Shengtai 胜台 , Chiang 蔣 Eugene 詒曾 , Li 李 Hui 晖 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We investigate the observational signatures of super-Earths (i.e., planets with Earth-to-Neptune mass), which are the most common type of exoplanet discovered to date, in their natal disks of gas and dust. Combining two-fluid global hydrodynamics simulations with a radiative transfer code, we calculate the distributions of gas and of submillimeter-sized dust in a disk perturbed by a super-Earth, synthesizing images in near-infrared scattered light and the millimeter-wave thermal continuum for direct comparison with observations. In low-viscosity gas (

), a super-Earth opens two annular gaps to either side of its orbit by the action of Lindblad torques. This double gap and its associated gas pressure gradients cause dust particles to be dragged by gas into three rings: one ring sandwiched between the two gaps, and two rings located at the gap edges farthest from the planet. Depending on the system parameters, additional rings may manifest for a single planet. A double gap located at tens of au from a host star in Taurus can be detected in the dust continuum by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) at an angular resolution of ∼

after two hours of integration. Ring and gap features persist in a variety of background disk profiles, last for thousands of orbits, and change their relative positions and dimensions depending on the speed and direction of planet migration. Candidate double gaps have been observed by ALMA in systems such as HL Tau (D5 and D6) and TW Hya (at 37 and 43 au); we submit that each double gap is carved by one super-Earth in nearly inviscid gas.
Central Magnetic Field of a Magnetic White Dwarf Star
Authors: Shah Hridaya , Sebastian Kunnat 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Observations of over-luminous Type 1a supernovae have prompted researchers to come up with various hypotheses in order to explain them. One hypothesis is based on the explosion of a progenitor super-massive magnetic white dwarf star. These stars are assumed to have very strong magnetic fields inside of them. However, there is a lack of analytic proof of the existence of such magnetic fields in the magnetic white dwarf stars. In this work, we plan to address an analytic proof of the existence of very strong magnetic fields in the center of these magnetic white dwarfs. We will see that for a one Landau-level white dwarf star, with central density

, it is possible to have central magnetic fields of the order of

at least. In the presence of strong magnetic fields, the threshold densities chosen for this work that correspond to instabilities due to general relativity and pycnonuclear reactions have been found to increase so that the matter does not acquire instability at such central densities.
Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the Ultra-compact High Velocity Cloud AGC 226067: A Stripped Remnant in the Virgo Cluster
Authors: Sand D. J. , Seth A. C. , Crnojević D. , Spekkens K. , Strader J. , Adams E. A. K. , Caldwell N. , Guhathakurta P. , Kenney J. , Randall S. , Simon J. D. , Toloba E. , Willman B. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We analyze the optical counterpart to the ultra-compact high velocity cloud AGC 226067, utilizing imaging taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the Hubble Space Telescope. The color–magnitude diagram of the main body of AGC 226067 reveals an exclusively young stellar population, with an age of ∼7–50 Myr, and is consistent with a metallicity of [Fe/H] ∼ −0.3 as previous work has measured via H ii region spectroscopy. Additionally, the color–magnitude diagram is consistent with a distance of D ≈ 17 Mpc, suggesting an association with the Virgo cluster. A secondary stellar system located ∼1.′6 (∼8 kpc) away in projection has a similar stellar population. The lack of an old red giant branch (≳5 Gyr) is contrasted with a serendipitously discovered Virgo dwarf in the ACS field of view (Dw J122147+132853), and the total diffuse light from AGC 226067 is consistent with the luminosity function of the resolved ∼7–50 Myr stellar population. The main body of AGC 226067 has a M

V
= −11.3 ± 0.3, or M
stars = 5.4 ± 1.3 × 104
M
⊙ given the stellar population. We searched 20 deg2 of imaging data adjacent to AGC 226067 in the Virgo Cluster, and found two similar stellar systems dominated by a blue stellar population, far from any massive galaxy counterpart—if this population has star-formation properties that are similar to those of AGC 226067, it implies ∼0.1 M
⊙ yr−1 in Virgo intracluster star formation. Given its unusual stellar population, AGC 226067 is likely a stripped remnant and is plausibly the result of compressed gas from the ram pressure stripped M86 subgroup (∼350 kpc away in projection) as it falls into the Virgo Cluster.
Galaxy-scale Bars in Late-type Sloan Digital Sky Survey Galaxies Do Not Influence the Average Accretion Rates of Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Goulding A. D. , Matthaey E. , Greene J. E. , Hickox R. C. , Alexander D. M. , Forman W. R. , Jones C. , Lehmer B. D. , Griffis S. , Kanek S. , Oulmakki M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Galaxy-scale bars are expected to provide an effective means for driving material toward the central region in spiral galaxies, and possibly feeding supermassive black holes (BHs). Here we present a statistically complete study of the effect of bars on average BH accretion. From a well-selected sample of 50,794 spiral galaxies (with

) extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Galaxy Zoo 2 project, we separate those sources considered to contain galaxy-scale bars from those that do not. Using archival data taken by the Chandra X-ray Observatory, we identify X-ray luminous (

) active galactic nuclei and perform an X-ray stacking analysis on the remaining X-ray undetected sources. Through X-ray stacking, we derive a time-averaged look at accretion for galaxies at fixed stellar mass and star-formation rate, finding that the average nuclear accretion rates of galaxies with bar structures are fully consistent with those lacking bars (

yr−1). Hence, we robustly conclude that large-scale bars have little or no effect on the average growth of BHs in nearby (

) galaxies over gigayear timescales.
Transmission des lésions amyloïdes de la maladie d’Alzheimer : apports des modèles animaux
Authors: Gary Charlotte , Comoy Emmanuel , Dhenain Marc 
Published: July 2017

Transmission of amyloid lesions in Alzheimer’s disease : contributing data from animal models.
Since the discovery of the transmissibility of prion diseases, other cerebral proteinopathies have been suspected to harbor similar transmissible properties. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of misfolded β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins, forming amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles respectively in the brain. Although available epidemiological data suggest that AD is not transmitted between individuals, suspicion has recently been raised for iatrogenic β-amyloidosis transmission between humans. This suggests that Aβ misfolding and aggregation could occur through seeding and spreading mechanisms, virtually identical to those of prions. Here, we present a review of the literature focusing on the relevance of prion-like misfolding and aggregation mechanisms for Aβ in animal models.
Risk factors for the transmission of infectious diseases agents at the wild birds -commercial birds interface. a pilot study in the region of the altos de Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Valdez-Gomez Hector Enrique , Navarro-Lopez Roberto , Vazquez-Mendoza Laureano Fidelmar , Zalapa-Hernandez Mitzunari , Guerrerro-Hernandez Ignacio , Fonseca-Delgado Victoria , Marquez-Ruiz Miguel Angel , Afonso Claudio L. 
Published: July 2017

Facteurs de risque pour la transmission d’agents de maladies infectieuses dans l’interface oiseaux sauvages -oiseaux commerciaux. étude préliminaire dans la région des altos de Jalisco, Mexique.
La région des Altos de Jalisco au Mexique qui se trouve dans la zone centre-occidentale du pays, correspond à la plus grande concentration des fermes avicoles. Ce secteur a été le témoin de l’émergence des virus influenza faiblement pathogène H5N2 et hautement pathogène H7N3. Quatre-vingts points d’évaluation le long d’un couloir de 50 kilomètres ont été réalisés dans cinq environnements écologiques des corps d’eau voisins aux installations productives de volaille. L’enquête, mise en application de l’automne 2014 à l’hiver 2015, a identifié 82 espèces d’oiseaux sauvages où la famille Icteridae a constitué le groupe le plus abondant. Un modèle de théorie des réseaux a fourni une valeur d’interaction parmi les espèces sauvages d’oiseaux dans ces cinq environnements. Les espèces avec les valeurs d’interaction plus hautes ont correspondu au Quiscale à longue queue et à l´Hirondelle rustique permettant de suspecter ces deux espèces en tant que responsables potentiels dans la transmission des agents pathogènes infectieux dans l’interface oiseau sauvages-oiseaux commerciaux dans cette région de Jalisco. Ces interactions permettent de suspecter une corrélation positive avec les facteurs de risque.
Transformering af traditionel undervisning til e-læring - tre best practices fra go online-projektet ved Aarhus Universitet
Authors: Godsk Mikkel , Rossen Dorte Sidelmann 
Published: July 2017

Go online-projektet havde til formål at udvikle og systematisere tilrettelæggelsen af e-læring ved Aarhus Universitet samt transformere en række kurser til webbaseret læring. Et vigtigt element i projektet var at indsamle erfaringerne fra transformeringen af kurserne med henblik på at inspirere andre undervisere til at bruge webbaseret læring. Som et led i denne promovering blev underviserne for de 3 bedste transformeringer nomineret til titlen som årets e-underviser 2009. Denne artikel beskriver go online-projektet, baggrunden for nomineringen og de 3 bedste transformeringer - "best practices". Artiklen præsenterer såvel de pædagogiske som tekniske overvejelser vedr. tilrettelæggelsen af kurserne, evalueringsresultater samt juryens bedømmelse. Endvidere identificerer artiklen potentielle barrierer for udvikling af webbaseret læring samt fællestræk for de 3 best practices.
Krydsbestøvning? Videndeling med online and blended learning på Københavns Universitet
Authors: Jacobsen Jens Christian , Trolle Olga , Markussen Julie 
Published: July 2017

På mange universiteter er online and blended learning (OBL) blevet en populær måde at undervise flere studerende på en mere fleksibel, varieret og engageret måde end ved traditionel face-to-face undervisning. Undervisere og universitetsledelser er derfor interesserede i at udvikle former for e-læring, og OBL og andre innovative uddannelser er blevet et globaliseret konkurrenceparameter. Med baggrund i en flerårig evaluering af underviseres udbytte af og erfaringer med OBL på Københavns Universitet undersøges, hvordan kendskabet til disse læreformer kan udbredes til alle fakulteter. Vi undersøger tillige, hvordan OBL kan videreudvikles, så læringseffekt og studenterengagement kan understøtte en e-lærings-kultur på Københavns Universitet.Artiklen er derfor todelt. Den første del undersøger erfaringer med videndeling og analyserer disse erfaringer ud fra begreber om praksisfælleskaber. Den anden del bruger SECI og Ba som forståelsesramme for fremtidig videndeling og organisationsudvikling på Københavns Universitet.
De l’impossibilité du savoir intuitif conçu comme état purement mental et d’une difficulté que cela soulève pour l’évidentialisme1
Authors: Plourde Jimmy 
Published: July 2017

Dans cet article, je défends la thèse qu’il ne peut pas y avoir de savoir intuitif sous la forme d’un état purement mental, car, contrairement aux états purement mentaux de connaissance, les intuitions rationnelles n’excluent pas la possibilité de la coexistence de connaissances aux contenus contradictoires. Je soutiens que cela trouve une double justification dans la non-factivité et la non-véridictivité des intuitions, et une explication dans l’idée que les intuitions sont des expériences d’« intellectual seemings ». Enfin, je soutiens que ces caractéristiques des intuitions pourraient constituer une difficulté pour la thèse évidentialiste et, par conséquent, pour la conception du savoir intutitif dans le cadre d’une théorie classique réformée de la connaissance.
Biosourced blends based on poly (lactic acid) and polyamide 11: Structure–properties relationships and enhancement of film blowing processability
Authors: Walha Fatma , Lamnawar Khalid , Maazouz Abderrahim , Jaziri Mohamed 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe purpose of the present work is to develop a new biomaterial with suitable melt strength, stiffness‐to‐toughness balance, and the required thermal performance for food packaging applications. The study is dedicated to investigating a new physical compatibilization approach of biosourced materials as well poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and polyamide 11 (PA11) in comparison with the chemical compatibilization through addition of a multifunctionalized epoxide. For this reason, this paper deals with gaining better understanding physical compatibilization in the biosourced blend with the incorporation of an acrylic melt strength enhancer into PLA/PA11 blend. The main focus of this paper is studying how physical compatibilization improves melt strength in comparison with chemical approach. Hitherto, the chain extension–branching balance was demonstrated to be difficult to be controlled and decoupled from chemical compatibilization at the polymer–polymer interface. Hence, the physical approach is presented as an original route in this work to develop a PLA‐based blend with good film blown processability and engineering properties. Morphological, rheological and thermomechanical properties of the new obtained biosourced blends were studied. The physical compatibilization effect was confirmed by the tuning interfacial properties. The extensional rheology highlighted that melt strength for the physical blends was also improved without any pronounced strain hardening in comparison with reactive blends. Besides, a great enhancement of the blowing processing windows of physically PLA‐PA11 compatibilized blend was highlighted while higher blow‐up ratio and take‐up ratio values were obtained. Overall, a correlation between the obtained thermal and crystalline properties was performed for the optimal biosourced blown film.