bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depositional environments and sources for the middle Eocene Fulra Limestone Formation, Kachchh Basin, western India: Evidences from facies analysis, mineralogy, and geochemistry
Authors: Srivastava V. K. , Singh B. P. 
Published: February 2018

The middle Eocene Fulra Limestone Formation of the Kachchh Basin, western India was investigated to interpret depositional environments and sources of limestones based on facies analysis, mineralogy, and major, trace, and rare earth elements (REEs) geochemistry. Facies stacking pattern of the Fulra Limestone Formation exhibits an overall shallowing‐upward sedimentary succession developed in the middle to inner ramp to lagoonal set‐up. Staining of the thin sections and X‐ray diffraction patterns show dominance of calcite mineral. The CaO, ranging from 40.45% to 49.69%, is the dominant oxide among the major oxides followed by SiO2(4.04–10.3%). The dominance of CaO over MgO suggests that the major mineral phase has been calcite and no dolomitization occurred during the deposition of the Fulra limestone. The low proportion of SiO2and Al2O3suggests low siliciclastic input during the precipitation of the Fulra limestone that is confirmed by the positive correlation of ∑REE with Al2O3, Fe2O3, Ni, Th, Sc, and Y and the negative correlation of SiO2, Al2O3, and Sr with CaO. The average value of REE contents in the Fulra Limestone Formation are lower (*16.02 ppm) than the average value of typical marine carbonates (*28 ppm). The Post‐Archean Australian Shale‐normalized REE + Y patterns of the Fulra limestone exhibit seawater like shale‐normalized REE + Y pattern, whereas slightly lower average value of Y/Ho ratio (34.60) than the typical seawater value (~44–74) suggests modification of the seawater, to some extent, by input of freshwater in a coastal environment. The REEs of the Fulra Limestone Formation have similarity with the carbonates of the Arabian Sea and/or shallow marine carbonates with exception of a few elements. It is envisaged from this study that the Fulra limestone was deposited in a shallow marine to coastal set‐up where mixing of the continental material in seawater was feasible.
Intraoperative monitoring of marginal mandibular nerve during neck dissection
Authors: Tirelli Giancarlo , Bergamini Pier Riccardo , Scardoni Alessandro , Gatto Annalisa , Boscolo Nata Francesca , Marcuzzo Alberto Vito 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of intraoperative nerve integrity monitoring (NIM) to prevent marginal mandibular nerve injuries during neck dissection.MethodsThis prospective study compared 36 patients undergoing NIM‐assisted neck dissection from July 2014 to March 2015 to a cohort of 35 patients subjected to neck dissection over an identical period of time before the technique was introduced. We also assessed possible correlations between marginal mandibular nerve injuries and other factors, such as anthropometric measurements, presence of clinical neck metastases, type of neck dissection, and site of primary tumor.ResultsThe incidence of marginal mandibular nerve paralyses was significantly lower among the group of patients undergoing NIM‐assisted neck dissection (P = .021). There was no significant difference in the duration of the procedure, and the technique resulted in a limited increase of cost. No other factor seemed to influence the onset of marginal mandibular nerve palsy.ConclusionIn our opinion, NIM is a valuable aid for preventing marginal mandibular nerve injuries during neck dissection.
Comparison the clinical outcomes with altered versus conventional fractionated radiotherapy plus concurrent chemotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lin Po‐Ju , Twu Chih‐Wen , Liu Yi‐Chun , Lin Tian‐Yun , Wang Wen‐Yi , Lin Jin‐Ching 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare the long‐term survivals between altered fractionated and conventional fractionated radiotherapy with the same concurrent chemoradiotherapy (concurrent CRT) for patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 203 patients with NPC who received radiotherapy (RT) by either a conventional fractionated (70‐74 Gy/35‐37 fractions/7‐8 weeks) or altered fractionated (72‐75 Gy/45 fractions/6 weeks) schedule plus the same concurrent CRT.ResultsThe patient characteristics between conventional fractionated and altered fractionated groups showed similar distribution. The 5‐year rates of nasopharyngeal failure‐free, neck failure‐free, and distant metastasis failure‐free survival between conventional fractionated and altered fractionated groups were 88% versus 86% (P = .7781), 95% versus 93% (P = .4176), and 76% versus 73% (P = .4029), respectively. The overall survival (OS; 5‐year rates were 64% versus 62%; P = .4812) and progression‐free survival (PFS; 5‐year rates were 67% versus 63%; P = .3829) rates also showed no significant differences. The acute and late toxicities were similar between both groups.ConclusionAltered fractionated and conventional fractionated RT achieved similar survival outcome when concurrent CRT strategy was used for advanced NPC.
Features of successful sexual health promotion programs for young people: findings from a review of systematic reviews
Authors: Bowring Anna L. , Wright Cassandra J. C. , Douglass Caitlin , Gold Judy , Lim Megan S. C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIssue addressedYoung people have a high burden of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) problems, and it is important to reach this group through health promotion initiatives. We conducted a systematic review of reviews to identify successful elements of health promotion programs for improving SRH of young people.MethodsWe identified and collated systematic reviews published in 2005‐2015 which focused on young people (10‐24 years), reported on SRH outcomes (pregnancy, sexually transmissible infections, condoms/contraceptive use, risky sexual behaviour, sexual healthcare access or intimate partner violence), and included primary studies predominantly conducted in high‐income countries. This report focuses on features of successful SRH programs identified in the interpretation and discussion of included systematic reviews.ResultsWe identified 66 systematic reviews, of which 37 reported on program features which were anecdotally or statistically associated with improved program effectiveness and success. Common features of effective interventions were: longer term or repeated implementation; multi‐setting and multi‐component; parental involvement; culturally/gender/age appropriate; and inclusion of skills‐building.So what?There is marked consistency of features improving SRH program effectiveness for young people despite the wide variation in interventions reviewed. There is a need to better implement this knowledge in future programs, and our findings provide useful guidance for optimising the design of SRH interventions for young people.
Integrating process‐based flow and temperature models to assess riparian forests and temperature amelioration in salmon streams
Authors: Fabris Luca , Malcolm Iain Archibald , Buddendorf Willem Bastiaan , Soulsby Chris 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe importance of riparian tree cover in reducing energy inputs to streams is increasingly recognized in schemes to mitigate climate change effects and protect freshwater ecosystems. Assessing different riparian management strategies requires catchment‐scale understanding of how different planting scenarios would affect the stream energy balance, coupled with a quantitative assessment of spatial patterns of streamflow generation. Here, we use the physically based MIKE SHE model to integrate simulations of catchment‐scale run‐off generation and in‐stream hydraulics with a heat transfer model. This was calibrated to model the spatio‐temporal distribution of hourly stream water temperature during warm low flow periods in a Scottish salmon stream. The model was explored as a “proof of concept” for a tool to investigate the effects of riparian management on high stream water temperatures that could affect juvenile Atlantic salmon. Uncertainty was incorporated into the assessment using the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation approach. Results showed that by decreasing both the warming (daylight hours) and the cooling (night‐time hours) rates, forest cover leads to a reduction of the temperature range (with a delay of the time to peak by up to 2 hr) and can therefore be effectively used to moderate projected climate change effects. The modelling presented here facilitated the quantification of potential mitigating effects of alternative riparian management strategies and provided a valuable tool that has potential to be utilized as an evidence base for catchment management guidance.
Collagen‐derived peptides modulate CD4+ T‐cell differentiation and suppress allergic responses in mice
Authors: Nishikimi Akihiko , Koyama Yoh‐ichi , Ishihara Sayaka , Kobayashi Shusaku , Tometsuka Chisa , Kusubata Masashi , Kuwaba Kumiko , Hayashida Osamu , Hattori Shunji , Katagiri Koko 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionCollagen peptides have been widely used as a food supplement. After ingestion of collagen peptides, oligopeptides containing hydroxyproline (Hyp), which are known to have some physiological activities, are detected in peripheral blood. However, the effects of collagen‐peptide administration on immune response are unclear. In the present study, we tested the effects of collagen‐peptide ingestion on allergic response and the effects of collagen‐derived oligopeptides on CD4+ T‐cell differentiation.MethodsBALB/c mice fed a collagen‐peptide diet were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA), and their serum IgE and IgG levels, active cutaneous anaphylaxis, and cytokine secretion by splenocytes were examined. Naive CD4+ T cells were stimulated with anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD28 in the presence of collagen‐derived oligopeptides, and the expression of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and Foxp3 was analyzed.ResultsIn an active anaphylaxis model, oral administration of collagen peptides suppressed serum OVA‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) production and diminished anaphylaxis responses. In this model, the ingestion of collagen peptides skewed the pattern of cytokine production by splenocytes toward T‐helper (Th) type 1 and regulatory T (Treg) cells. In vitro T‐helper cell differentiation assays showed that Hyp‐containing oligopeptides promoted Th1 differentiation by upregulating IFN‐γ‐induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling. These oligopeptides also promoted the development of Foxp3+ Treg cells in response to antigen stimulation in the presence of TGF‐β.ConclusionsCollagen‐peptide ingestion suppresses allergic responses by skewing the balance of CD4+ T cells toward Th1 and Treg cells and seems to be a promising agent for preventing allergies and inflammatory diseases.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of venous thrombosis risk among users of combined oral contraception
Authors: Dragoman Monica V. , Tepper Naomi K. , Fu Rongwei , Curtis Kathryn M. , Chou Roger , Gaffield Mary E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundCombined oral contraceptives (COCs) containing various progestogens could be associated with differential risks for venous thromboembolism (VTE).ObjectiveTo evaluate the comparative risks of VTE associated with the use of low‐dose (less than 50 μg ethinyl estradiol) COCs containing different progestogens.Search strategyPubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched from database inception through September 15, 2016, by combining search terms for oral contraception and venous thrombosis.Selection criteriaStudies reporting VTE risk estimates among healthy users of progestogen‐containing low‐dose COCs were included.Data collection and analysisA random‐effects model was used to generate pooled adjusted risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals; subgroup and sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of monophasic‐COC use and study‐level characteristics.Main resultsThere were 22 articles included in the analysis. The use of COCs containing cyproterone acetate, desogestrel, drospirenone, or gestodene was associated with a significantly increased risk of VTE compared with the use of levonorgestrel‐containing COCs (pooled risk ratios 1.5–2.0). The analysis restricted to monophasic COC formulations with 30 μg of ethinyl estradiol yielded similar findings. After adjustment for study characteristics, the risk estimates were slightly attenuated.ConclusionsCompared with the use of levonorgestrel‐containing COCs, the use of COCs containing other progestogens could be associated with a small increase in risk for VTE.
Hepatotoxicity with antibody maytansinoid conjugates: A review of preclinical and clinical findings
Authors: Taplin Sarah , Vashisht Kapil , Walles Markus , Calise David , Kluwe William , Bouchard Page , Johnson Robert 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMaytansinoids, the potent cytotoxic derivatives of the alkaloid maytansine are used as payloads in antibody maytansinoid conjugates. This article reviews clinical and preclinical hepatotoxicity observed with antibody maytansinoid conjugates used to treat cancer. Specific aspects of drug distribution, metabolism and excretion that may impact hepatotoxicity are reviewed vis‐à‐vis the kind of maytansinoid in the conjugate, cleavable or non‐cleavable linkers, linker–payload combinations, drug to antibody ratio, metabolite formation, hepatic enzyme induction in relation to drug–drug interactions and species, age and gender differences. The article also sheds light on factors that may protect the liver from toxic insults.
Emerging roles of long non‐coding RNAs in the toxicology of environmental chemicals
Authors: Huang Qiansheng , Liu Yiyao , Dong Sijun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEnvironmental chemicals (ECs) are drawing great attention to their effects on health and their toxicological mechanisms are being investigated. Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of RNA with more than 200 nucleotides and does not have protein coding potential. Recently, it is emerging as a star molecule that participates in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. It has been reported to be abnormally expressed in diseases. As an epigenetic factor, lncRNAs play an important role in the response of organisms to environmental stress. Their roles in the toxicity of ECs are being identified. Altered expression profiles of lncRNAs have been explored after exposure to ECs. Various kinds of ECs are reported to disturb the expression of lncRNAs in vitro and in vivo. Then, dysregulated lncRNAs can affect the expression of target genes directly or indirectly via regulating the level of microRNAs. The network among lncRNAs, microRNAs and mRNAs can initiate or impede specific signaling pathway and lead to adverse outcome upon exposure to ECs. Recovery of the lncRNAs level by overexpression or knockdown technology diminished the effect induced by ECs. In the review, biological roles of lncRNAs are depicted. The lncRNAs involved in the toxicology are summarized. Types of ECs that have been reported to affect the expression of lncRNAs are categorized. The interaction between various types of ECs and lncRNAs is discussed.
Rs13293512 polymorphism located in the promoter region of let‐7 is associated with increased risk of radiation enteritis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Dong HongYu , Huang ZhongCheng , Zhang HongLian , Xiao ZhiGang , Liu Qi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRE (Radiation enteritis) has been characterized by the inflammation reaction, and in this study, we aim to explore inflammatory cytokines and underlying mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of RE. Luciferase assay was performed to explore whether polymorphism affected the expression of let‐7, and also validated let‐7 directly regulated f IL‐6 expression. Then Elisa was performed to study the mechanism of rs13293512 polymorphism associated with enteritis occurrence. And Western‐blot and real‐time PCR were performed to verify the relationship between let‐7 and IL‐6. 380 colorectal cancer patients were recruited, and all participants were genotyped. We found that occurrence probability of enteritis patients carried CC genotype (32%) was much higher than that in TT and TC groups (15%). In addition, we showed that the presence of the minor (C) allele of the polymorphism in the promoter region of let‐7 substantially reduced the transcription activity of let‐7, furthermore, we validated that let‐7 directly regulated IL‐6 expression by using luciferase reporter system. Moreover, IL‐6 was highly expressed in peripheral blood and colonic mucosa samples genotyped as CC compared to those in TT and TC groups, furthermore, IL‐6 was highly expressed in peripheral blood and colonic mucosa samples from participants with enteritis than without enteritis, whereas let‐7 was highly expressed in peripheral blood and colonic mucosa samples genotyped as TT and TC compared to those in CC groups. Let‐7 polymorphism (rs13293512) was associated with risk of RE in the colorectal cancer patients who received radiotherapy.
Microgravity modulation of syncytin‐A expression enhance osteoclast formation
Authors: Ethiraj Purushoth , Link Jessica R. , Sinkway James M. , Brown Gabriella D. , Parler William A. , Reddy Sakamuri V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMicrogravity (μXg) experienced by astronauts during space flights causes accelerated bone loss. However, the molecular basis of μXg induced bone loss in space is unclear. Osteoclast (OCL) is the primary bone‐resorbing cell. We previously demonstrated that simulated μXg promotes OCL formation. In this study, we identified that μXg induces syncytin‐A expression in RAW264.7 preosteoclast cells without RANKL stimulation. We further tested the effect of osteotropic factors such as CXCL5 and 1,25(OH)2D3 to regulate the syncytin‐A expression in preosteoclast cells subjected to μXg compared to ground based (Xg) cultures. CXCL5 (25 ng/mL) and 1,25(OH)2D3 (10 ng/mL) increased syncytin‐A expression under Xg conditions. However, μXg alone upregulates syncytin‐A expression compared to Xg control preosteoclast cells. Confocal microscopy using Lyso‐Tracker identified syncytin‐A expression co‐localized with lysosomes in preosteoclast cells. Acridine orange staining showed RANKL elevated autophagy activity in these cells. Further, siRNA suppression of syncytin‐A significantly inhibits autophagy activity in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, knockdown of syncytin‐A expression inhibits μXg increased OCL formation in mouse bone marrow cultures. Thus, our findings suggest that targeting syncytin‐A expression may be an effective countermeasure to control bone loss under microgravity conditions.
The prolactin‐release inhibitor paeoniflorin suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in prolactinoma cells via the mitochondria‐dependent pathway
Authors: Wei Yuanyi , Zhou Xia , Ren Liying , Wang Chunxia , Li Yuhao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractProlactinomas are the most prevalent functional pituitary adenomas that cause chronic pathological hyperprolactinemia. Prolactin is known to promote cell growth and inhibit apoptosis in cells. Paeoniflorin is the principal component of radix Paeoniae alba (the main ingredient in some traditional herbal formulas clinically used for hyperprolactinemia‐associated disorders). Recent findings from intensive studies have suggested that paeoniflorin regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in many cell lines. However, the effects of paeoniflorin in pituitary tumor cells remain unknown. Here the results by the Cell Counting Kit‐8 and colony formation assays showed that paeoniflorin concentration‐dependently decreased cell viability in both MMQ and GH3 cells and colony formation in GH3 cells, suggesting inhibition of cell proliferation by paeoniflorin. By flow cytometry, paeoniflorin was found to increase apoptotic rate in MMQ cells. Mechanistically, Western blot results revealed that paeoniflorin enhanced protein expression of cleave caspase‐9 and ‐3, and Bax, whereas it suppressed Bcl‐2 protein expression in MMQ cells. Furthermore, paeoniflorin upregulated phosphorylated p53 protein expression, but it decreased prolactin concentration and prolactin protein expression in both MMQ and GH3 cells. Thus, the present results demonstrate that paeoniflorin inhibits cell proliferation and induces the mitochondrial pathway‐mediated apoptosis in prolactinoma cells. These antitumor property is associated with inhibition of prolactin secretion. Our findings may provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying improving prolactinoma‐associated disorders of paeoniflorin‐enriched herbs and formulas.
Fibrin glue mediated delivery of bone anabolic reagents to enhance healing of tendon to bone
Authors: Soreide Endre , Denbeigh Janet M. , Lewallen Eric A. , Samsonraj Rebekah M. , Berglund Lawrence J. , Dudakovic Amel , Cool Simon M. , Nordsletten Lars , Kakar Sanjeev , van Wijnen Andre J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTendon graft healing in bone tunnels for the fixation of intra‐articular ligament reconstructions may limit clinical outcome by delaying healing. This study assesses the effects of hydrogel‐mediated delivery of bone anabolic growth factors in a validated model of tendon‐to‐bone tunnel healing. Forty‐five Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups (BMP2‐treated, GSK126‐treated, and placebo). All animals underwent a tendon‐to‐bone tunnel reconstruction. Healing was evaluated at 4 weeks by biomechanical assessment, micro‐computed tomography (bone mineral density, bone volume, cross sectional area of bone tunnels), and traditional histology. Adverse events associated with the hydrogel‐mediated delivery of drugs were not observed. Results of our biomechanical assessment demonstrated favorable trends in animals treated with bone anabolic factors for energy absorption (P = 0.116) and elongation (P = 0.054), while results for force to failure (P = 0.691) and stiffness (P = 0.404) did not show discernible differences. Cross sectional areas for BMP2‐treated animals were reduced, but neither BMP2 nor GSK126 administration altered bone mineral density (P = 0.492) or bone volume in the bone tunnel. These results suggest a novel and positive effect of bone anabolic factors on tendon‐to‐bone tunnel healing. Histological evaluation confirmed absence of collagen fibers crossing the soft tissue‐bone interface indicating immature graft integration as expected at this time point. Our study indicates that hydrogel‐mediated delivery of BMP2 and GSK126 appears to be safe and has the potential to enhance tendon‐to‐bone tunnel healing in ligament reconstructions.