bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment outcomes and secondary cancer incidence in young patients with hairy cell leukaemia
Authors: Getta Bartlomiej M. , Woo Kaitlin M. , Devlin Sean , Park Jae H. , Abdel‐Wahab Omar , Saven Alan , Rai Kanti , Tallman Martin S. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryRepeated therapy of hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) with treatments that have potential long‐term toxicities has raised concerns regarding increased risk for younger patients. We compared clinical outcomes and disease complications in 63 patients with HCL aged ≤40 years at diagnosis with 268 patients >40 years treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. The rate of complete remission following initial therapy was 87% and 83% (P = 0·71) and estimated 10‐year overall survival was 100% and 82% (P = 0·25) in younger and older patients, respectively. Younger patients required therapy earlier and had a significantly shorter time between first and second therapy (median: 63 months vs. 145 months) (P = 0·008). Younger patients required significantly more lines of therapy during follow‐up. The 10‐year cumulative incidence of secondary malignancies in young and old patients was 0·205 and 0·287, respectively (P = 0·22). The incidence of secondary cancers in patients aged >40 years at diagnosis increased with the number of treatments for HCL (P = 0·018). These results highlight that young patients with HCL have shorter responses to treatment and require more lines of therapy to maintain disease control, while attaining similar long‐term survival. This has implications in the design of future clinical trials given our findings that secondary malignancies increase with more chemotherapy exposure.
Differential gene expression pattern in biopsies with renal allograft pyelonephritis and allograft rejection
Authors: Oghumu Steve , Nori Uday , Bracewell Anna , Zhang Jianying , Bott Cherri , Nadasdy Gyongyi M. , Brodsky Sergey V. , Pelletier Ronald , Satoskar Abhay R. , Nadasdy Tibor , Satoskar Anjali A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDifferentiating acute pyelonephritis (APN) from acute rejection (AR) in renal allograft biopsies can sometimes be difficult because of overlapping clinical and histologic features, lack of positive urine cultures,and variable response to antibiotics. We wanted to study differential gene expression between AR and APN using biopsy tissue. Thirty‐three biopsies were analyzed using NanoString multiplex platform and PCR (6 transplant baseline biopsies, 8 AR, 15 APN [8 culture positive, 7 culture negative], and 4 native pyelonephritis [NP]). Additional 22 biopsies were tested by PCR to validate the results. CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and IDO1 were the top differentially expressed genes, upregulated in AR. Lactoferrin (LTF) and CXCL1 were higher in APN and NP. No statistically significant difference in transcript levels was seen between culture‐positive and culture‐negative APN biopsies. Comparing the overall mRNA signature using Ingenuity pathway analysis, interferon‐gamma emerged as the dominant upstream regulator in AR and allograft APN, but not in NP (which clustered separately). Our study suggests that chemokine pathways in graft APN may differ from NP and in fact resemble AR, due to a component of alloreactivity, resulting in variable response to antibiotic treatment. Therefore, cautious addition of steroids might help in resistant cases of graft APN.
Basal insulin peglispro versus insulin glargine in insulin‐naïve type 2 diabetes: IMAGINE 2 randomized trial
Authors: Davies M. J. , Russell‐Jones D. , Selam J.‐L. , Bailey T. S. , Kerényi Z. , Luo J. , Bue‐Valleskey J. , Iványi T. , Hartman M. L. , Jacobson J. G. , Jacober S. J. ,   for the IMAGINE 2 Study Investigators
Published: June 2016

AimsTo compare, in a double‐blind, randomized, multi‐national study, 52‐ or 78‐week treatment with basal insulin peglispro or insulin glargine, added to pre‐study oral antihyperglycaemic medications, in insulin‐naïve adults with type 2 diabetes.Material and methodsThe primary outcome was non‐inferiority of peglispro to glargine with regard to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction (margin = 0.4%). Six gated secondary objectives with statistical multiplicity adjustments focused on other measures of glycaemic control and safety. Liver fat content was measured using MRI, in a subset of patients.ResultsPeglispro was non‐inferior to glargine in HbA1c reduction [least‐squares (LS) mean difference: −0.29%, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.40, −0.19], and had a lower nocturnal hypoglycaemia rate [relative rate 0.74 (95% CI 0.60, 0.91); p = .005), more patients achieving HbA1c <7.0% without nocturnal hypoglycaemia [odds ratio (OR) 2.15 (95% CI 1.60, 2.89); p < .001], greater HbA1c reduction (p < .001), and more patients achieving HbA1c<7.0% [OR 1.97 (95% CI 1.57, 2.47); p < .001]. Total hypoglycaemia rate and fasting serum glucose did not achieve statistical superiority. At 52 weeks, peglispro‐treated patients had higher triglyceride (1.9 vs 1.7 mmol/L). alanine transaminase (34 vs 27 IU/L), and aspartate transaminase levels (27 vs 24 IU/L). LS mean liver fat content was unchanged with peglispro at 52 weeks but decreased 3.1% with glargine [difference: 2.6% (0.9, 4.2); p = .002]. More peglispro‐treated patients experienced adverse injection site reactions (3.5% vs 0.6%, p < .001).ConclusionsCompared with glargine at 52 weeks, peglispro resulted in a statistically superior reduction in HbA1c, more patients achieving HbA1c targets, less nocturnal hypoglycaemia, no improvement in total hypoglycaemia, higher triglyceride levels, higher aminotransferase levels, and more injection site reactions.
Sparse pallidal connections shape synchrony in a network model of the basal ganglia
Authors: Schwab Bettina C. , van Wezel Richard J. A. , van Gils Stephan A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNeural synchrony in the basal ganglia, especially in the beta frequency band (13–30 Hz), is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease and considered as antikinetic. In contrast, the healthy basal ganglia show low levels of synchrony. It is currently unknown where synchrony and oscillations arise in the parkinsonian brain and how they are transmitted through the basal ganglia, as well as what makes them dependent on dopamine. The external part of the globus pallidus has recently been identified as a hub nucleus in the basal ganglia, possessing intrinsic inhibitory connections and possibly also gap junctions. In this study, we show that in a conductance‐based network model of the basal ganglia, the combination of sparse, high‐conductance inhibitory synapses and sparse, low‐conductance gap junctions in the external part of the globus pallidus could effectively desynchronize the whole network. However, when gap junction coupling became strong enough, the effect was impeded and activity synchronized. In particular, sustained periods of beta coherence occurred between some neuron pairs. As gap junctions can change their conductance with the dopamine level, we suggest pallidal gap junction coupling as a mechanism contributing to the development of beta synchrony in the parkinsonian basal ganglia.
Macromechanics study of stable fatigue crack growth in Al–Cu–Li–Mg–Ag alloy
Authors: Akhtar N. , Wu S. J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study was made on a fresh variety of Al–Li base alloy to investigate the role of ageing precipitates and microstructure dimensions in the fatigue crack growth resistance. The fatigue crack growth rate was measured in three different states of the material (i.e. base metal in T8 condition, friction stir weld and laser beam weld in full‐aged condition). Metallurgical analysis showed that the base metal in T8 temper is precipitation hardened by an equivalent amount of δ′ (AL3Li), T1 (AI2CuLi) and θ′ (AI2Cu) precipitates. The friction stir weld retained the morphology of strengthening precipitate; however, coarsening of Cu containing precipitates has occurred. On the other hand, laser beam weld showed a different type of CuAl phase morphology, which is characteristic of cast metal. The results of fatigue tests confirmed that fatigue crack growth resistance largely depends on microstructural features, specifically the strengthening phases. The fatigue crack resistance was in the order of base metal > laser beam weldment > friction stir weldment. The CuAl phase played a vital role in the crack closure of the laser beam weldment, thus enhancing the fatigue life as compared with the friction stir weldment, which was evident from the plot between log of da/dN (crack growth in each cycle) and log of ΔK (stress intensity range).
Assessing the potential to decrease the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone with MidwestUSperennial cellulosic feedstock production
Authors: VanLoocke Andy , Twine Tracy E. , Kucharik Christopher J. , Bernacchi Carl J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe goal of this research was to determine the changes in streamflow, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) leaching and export to the Gulf of Mexico associated with a range of large‐scale dedicated perennial cellulosic bioenergy production scenarios within in the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB). To achieve this goal, we used Agro‐IBIS, a vegetation model capable of simulating the biogeochemistry of row crops, miscanthus and switchgrass, coupled withTHMB, a hydrology model capable of simulating streamflow andDINexport. Simulations were conducted at varying fertilizer application rates (0–200 kg N ha−1) and fractional replacement (5–25%) of current row crops with miscanthus or switchgrass across theMARB. The analysis also includes two scenarios where miscanthus and switchgrass (MRXandMRS, respectively) each replace the ca. 40% of maize production currently devoted to ethanol. Across the scenarios, there were minor reductions in runoff and streamflow throughout theMARB, with the largest differences (ca. 6%) occurring for miscanthus at the highest fractional replacement scenarios in drier portions of the region. However, differences in totalMARBdischarge at the basin outlet were less than 1.5% even in theMRXscenario. Reductions inDINexport were much larger on a percentage basis than reductions in runoff, with the highest replacement scenarios decreasing long‐term meanDINexport by ca. 15% and 20% for switchgrass and miscanthus, respectively. Fertilization scenarios show that significant reductions inDINleaching are possible even with application rates of 100 and 150 kg N ha−1for switchgrass and miscanthus, respectively. These results indicate that, given targeted management strategies, there is potential for miscanthus and switchgrass to provide key ecosystem services by reducing the export ofDIN, while avoiding hydrologic impacts of reduced streamflow.
Drug–Drug Interactions in Headache Medicine
Authors: Ansari Hossein , Ziad Sanaz 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe main treatments in a majority of headache patients are pharmacologic therapies. As a result, it is imperative to have strong background in pharmacotherapy used to treat headaches in order to provide optimal therapy and avoid drug interactions. One of the main reasons for failure of pharmacologic treatment of headaches is drug–drug interactions (DDIs). While there are many distinct pathways and mechanisms in which DDIs can occur, most occur through alterations within the cytochrome P450 pathways (CYP). Drugs that cause induction, inhibition, or are simply substrates for these pathways are responsible for many of the DDIs.Aim/ResultsWe review and discuss the important and potential DDIs of commonly used headache medication often encountered in clinical practice. We divide the drugs into two classes, abortive and preventive. Within each group we select the most commonly used drugs and provide a detailed discussion of the mechanisms of interaction for each. Also included are commonly used herbal supplements, which can interact with headache medications.ConclusionDrug–drug‐interactions are a major concern when developing a treatment regimen for patients suffering from headaches. There is a growing need for physician attention to the pharmacokinetics of drugs to improve the quality of patient care. It is vital that prescribing physicians be aware of the DDIs associated with the commonly prescribed headache medications to optimize patient care and therapy results.
Dialysis Headache: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sousa Melo Eduardo , Carrilho Aguiar Filipe , Sampaio Rocha‐Filho Pedro Augusto 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundPatients with chronic kidney disease who need dialysis often have poor quality of life. Dialysis headache is a frequent complication of hemodialysis and is often a challenge for nephrologists, neurologists, and headache specialists.MethodThis was a narrative review.ResultsThe prevalence of dialysis headache varies between 27% and 73%. Among the characteristics of this headache are the pulsatile pattern, frontal location, moderate to severe intensity, and onset a few hours after the beginning of dialysis. The headache may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The physiopathology of hemodialysis headache is still not completely understood. Some factors that seem to be associated with it are variations in urea, sodium, magnesium, blood pressure, and weight levels. The hematoencephalic barrier has an important role. Variations in electrolyte and urea levels occur in the systemic circulation during hemodialysis, but the cerebral concentrations of these substances are stable over the first few hours of the procedure. The flow of free water through the hematoencephalic barrier may lead to cerebral edema. Other potential pathophysiological factors include nitric oxide, calcitonin gene‐related peptide, and substance P. There are recommendations for maintenance of volume and control over electrolytes and blood pressure and avoidance of caffeine for prevention of hemodialysis headache. However, there are no controlled studies of prophylactic or abortive hemodialysis headache treatment.ConclusionDespite its prevalence, hemodialysis headache has been poorly studied, thus making it difficult to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in its genesis. Current clinical management practices are therefore necessarily empiric with minimal to no evidence base.
Performance of novel virtual parenchymal perfusion software visualizing embolized areas of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Miyayama Shiro , Yamashiro Masashi , Nagai Keiichi , Yokka Akira , Yoshida Miki , Sakuragawa Naoko 
Published: June 2016

AimTo evaluate the performance of novel virtual parenchymal perfusion (VPP) software in conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (cTACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsVPP was retrospectively applied to 43 hepatocellular carcinomas treated with cTACE. The virtual embolized area (VEA) was estimated after positioning a virtual injection point on images of non‐selective cone‐beam computed tomography during hepatic arteriography, at the same position in superselective cTACE. The real embolized area (REA) was defined as the area where iodized oil was retained on 1‐week computed tomography after cTACE. Three dimensions across the tumor (maximum [a] and minimum [b] in the axial and craniocaudal [c]) directions, and the volume of the VEA and REA were compared using linear regression analysis. It was also evaluated whether an adequate safety margin ≥5 mm could be predicted by VPP.ResultsThe mean lengths of a, b, and c of the VEA and REA were 54.6 ± 15.9 mm (range 24.9–91.0 mm) and 55.0 ± 15.7 mm (range 23.9–92.8 mm; r = 0.9448, P < 0.001), 35.4 ± 11.7 mm (range 16.1–66.0 mm) and 35.4 ± 13.2 mm (range 12.2–69.2 mm; r = 0.9369, P < 0.001), and 42.1 ± 11.6 mm (range 25.0–75.7 mm) and 42.9 ± 11.7 mm (range 25.7–78.7 mm; r = 0.9092, P < 0.001), respectively. The mean volume of the VEA and REA was 71.8 ± 44.8 mL and 75.5 ± 46.9 mL, respectively (r = 0.9913, P < 0.0001). VPP showed no safety margins in seven tumors, including all three actually embolized without safety margins.ConclusionThe VEA estimated using VPP showed a good correlation with the REA of cTACE.
Effectiveness and response predictors of omalizumab in a severe allergic asthma population with a high prevalence of comorbidities: the Australian Xolair Registry
Authors: Gibson P. G. , Reddel H. , McDonald V. M. , Marks G. , Jenkins C. , Gillman A. , Upham J. , Sutherland M. , Rimmer J. , Thien F. , Katsoulotos G. P. , Cook M. , Yang I. , Katelaris C. , Bowler S. , Langton D. , Robinson P. , Wright C. , Yozghatlian V. , Burgess S. , Sivakumaran P. , Jaffe A. , Bowden J. , Wark P. A. B. , Yan K. Y. , Kritikos V. , Peters M. , Hew M. , Aminazad A. , Bint M. , Guo M. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundSevere asthma is a high impact disease. Omalizumab targets the allergic inflammatory pathway; however, effectiveness data in a population with significant comorbidities are limited.AimsTo describe severe allergic asthma, omalizumab treatment outcomes and predictors of response among the Australian Xolair Registry participants.MethodsA web‐based post‐marketing surveillance registry was established to characterise the use, effectiveness and adverse effects of omalizumab (Xolair) for severe allergic asthma.ResultsParticipants (n = 192) (mean age 51 years, 118 female) with severe allergic asthma from 21 clinics in Australia were assessed, and 180 received omalizumab therapy. They had poor asthma control (Asthma Control Questionnaire, ACQ‐5, mean score 3.56) and significant quality of life impairment (Asthma‐related Quality of Life Questionnaire score 3.57), and 52% were using daily oral corticosteroid (OCS). Overall, 95% had one or more comorbidities (rhinitis 48%, obesity 45%, cardiovascular disease 23%). The omalizumab responder rate, assessed by an improvement of at least 0.5 in ACQ‐5, was high at 83%. OCS use was significantly reduced. The response in participants with comorbid obesity and cardiovascular disease was similar to those without these conditions. Baseline ACQ‐5 ≥ 2.0 (P = 0.002) and older age (P = 0.05) predicted the magnitude of change in ACQ‐5 in response to omalizumab. Drug‐related adverse events included anaphylactoid reactions (n = 4), headache (n = 2) and chest pains (n = 1).ConclusionAustralian patients with severe allergic asthma report a high disease burden and have extensive comorbidity. Symptomatic response to omalizumab was high despite significant comorbid disease. Omalizumab is an effective targeted therapy for severe allergic asthma with comorbidity in a real‐life setting.
Building nursing and midwifery leadership capacity in the Pacific
Authors: Rumsey M. , Catling C. , Thiessen J. , Neill A. 
Published: June 2016

AimThe Australian Award Fellowship Program aimed to strengthen nursing and midwifery leadership and capacity in developing countries in the Pacific.BackgroundIt is necessary to build an optimal global health workforce, and leadership and mentorship are central to this need. This is especially important in small island states such as the Pacific who have limited capacity and resources.IntroductionThis health system strengthening program addressed quality improvement in education, through the mentorship of potential nursing and midwifery leaders in the South Pacific Region.MethodsProgram participants between 2013 and 2015 were interviewed. Data were audio‐taped, transcribed and analysed thematically using an inductive process.ResultsThirty‐four nurses and midwives from 12 countries participated. There were four main themes arising from the data which were: having a country‐wide objective, learning how to be a leader, negotiating barriers and having effective mentorship.DiscussionOur study showed that participants deemed their mentorship from country leaders highly valuable in relation to completing their projects, networking and role modelling. Similar projects are described.LimitationsThe limitation of this study was its small size. There is a need to continue to build the momentum of the program and Fellows in each country in order to build regional networks.Conclusions and implications for nursing and midwiferyThe Program has provided beneficial leadership education and mentorship for nurses and midwives from Pacific countries. It has provided a platform to develop quality improvement projects in line with national priorities.Implications for health policyGlobal aid programs and the recipients of the program would benefit from comparable health strengthening approaches to nursing and midwifery in similar developing countries.
Clinical outcome after enteroscopy for small bowel angioectasia bleeding: A Korean Associateion for the Study of Intestinal Disease (KASID) multiceter study
Authors: Jeon Seong Ran , Byeon Jeong‐Sik , Jang Hyun Joo , Park Soo Jung , Im Jong Pil , Kim Eun Ran , Koo Ja Seol , Ko Bong Min , Chang Dong Kyung , Kim Jin‐Oh , Park Su Yeon ,   Small Intestine Research Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Disease (KASID)
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground and AimsAngioectasias are the most common sources of bleeding in the small bowel. They can be treated using balloon‐assisted enteroscopy (BAE). This study aimed to identify the rebleeding rate and associated factors after BAE in patients with small bowel angioectasia bleeding.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the records of patients with bleeding due to small bowel vascular lesion in a multicenter enteroscopy database including 1108 BAEs. Finally, in rebleeding analysis, we analyzed 66 patients with angioectasia on the basis of the Yano‐Yamamoto classification. Patients who had undergone endotherapy (ET) were divided into ET (n = 45) and non‐ET (n = 21) groups. Rebleeding was defined as evidence of bleeding at least 30 days after BAE.ResultsFifty‐three patients (80.4%) underwent only one‐side enteroscopy. The most common ET was argon plasma coagulation (87.2%). During a mean follow‐up duration of 24.5 months, ET and non‐ET groups had rebleeding rates of 15.6% and 38.1% (P = 0.059), respectively. Median rebleeding time of ET and non‐ET groups was 32.5 and 62 months, respectively. Liver cirrhosis (LC), low platelet count (< 105/μL), and transfusions were the rebleeding‐associated factors in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of LC (HR 4.064, 95% CI 1.098–15.045; P = 0.036) was the only independent rebleeding‐associated risk factor.ConclusionsET using BAE did not significantly affect the rebleeding rate in patients with small bowel angioectasia bleeding. An independent rebleeding risk factor was the presence of LC. Regardless of ET, careful long‐term follow‐up may be needed, especially in LC patients with small bowel angioectasia bleeding.