bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining No Pain, Mild, Moderate, and Severe Pain Based on the Faces Pain Scale–Revised and Color Analog Scale in Children With Acute Pain
Authors: Tsze Daniel S. , Hirschfeld Gerrit , Dayan Peter S. , Bulloch Blake , von Baeyer Carl L. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives
The aims of this study were to define the Faces Pain Scale–Revised (FPS-R) and Color Analog Scale (CAS) scores associated with no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, and severe pain in children with acute pain, and to identify differences based on age, sex, and ethnicity.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational study in 2 pediatric emergency departments of children aged 4 to 17 years with painful and nonpainful conditions. We assessed their pain intensity using the FPS-R, CAS, and qualitative measures. Pain score cut points that best differentiated adjacent categories of pain were identified using a receiver operating characteristic–based method. Cut points were compared within subgroups based on age, sex, and ethnicity.

Results
We enrolled 620 patients, of whom 314 had painful conditions. The mean age was 9.2 years; 315 (50.8%) were in the younger age group (aged 4–7 years); 291 (46.8%) were female; and 341 (55%) were Hispanic. The scores best representing categories of pain for the FPS-R were as follows: no pain, 0 and 2; mild pain, 4; moderate pain, 6; and severe pain, 8 and 10. For the CAS, these were 0 to 1, 1.25 to 2.75, 3 to 5.75, and 6 to 10, respectively. Children with no pain frequently reported nonzero pain scores. There was considerable overlap of scores associated with mild and moderate pain. There were no clinically meaningful differences of scores representing each category of pain based on age, ethnicity, and race.

Conclusions
We defined pain scores for the FPS-R and CAS associated with categories of pain intensity in children with acute pain that are generalizable across subgroups based on patient characteristics. There were minor but potentially important differences in pain scores used to delineate categories of pain intensity compared to prior convention.
The difference between Partners and Strangers designs in public goods experiments
Authors: Nihonsugi Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to focus on conditional cooperation and investigate whether the difference in contributions between Partners and Strangers designs in linear public goods experiments can be explained by differences in beliefs.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author conducted linear public goods experiments by using Partners and Strangers designs with belief eliciting their group member’s contributions.

Findings
– The author shows that the difference in the magnitude of the responsiveness of contribution to belief (i.e. the marginal contribution to belief) creates different contribution levels in Partners and Strangers designs.

Research limitations/implications
– The presented results imply that having a strategic motive increases contributions by increasing the magnitude of the responsiveness of contribution to belief rather than by raising belief level.

Originality/value
– The main claim of this paper is that “marginal contribution to belief” rather than “belief level” causes the difference in contribution levels between Partners and Strangers. This is the first proven evidence of a difference in belief between Partners and Strangers.
Investigating community members’ eWOM effects in Facebook fan page
Authors: Hsu Li-Chun , Chih Wen-Hai , Liou Dah-Kwei 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the model of enhancing the electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) effects through the virtual community by discussing the relationship among sense of virtual community, social influence and eWOM effects.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research adopted structural equation modeling to test the proposed model, and the structural model showed a good fit. This research sample consisted of 492 members who have used Facebook for at least half-a-year.

Findings
– The results indicated that sense of virtual community had effects on normative influence, informative influence, and perceived eWOM review credibility. Both social influence and perceived eWOM review credibility had effects on eWOM review adoption. Social influence in virtual community partially mediated the relationship between virtual community members’ sense of virtual community and perceived eWOM review credibility. Virtual community members’ perceived eWOM review credibility partially mediated the relationship between normative/informative influence and eWOM review adoption.

Practical implications
– This study discussed conclusions and managerial implications of the findings.

Originality/value
– This research filled a void that most of the previous studies in this area focussed on a single social interaction perspective. The authors argued that community studies should incorporate and distinguish SOVC and social influence factors.
A Jordanian empirical study of the associations among transformational leadership, transactional leadership, knowledge sharing, job performance, and firm performance
Authors: Masa'deh Ra'ed , Obeidat Bader Yousef , Tarhini Ali 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– Knowledge sharing adoption has been considered as a significant practice for organizations. However, there is a modest empirical confirmation to indicate how these organizations value the richness of their knowledge capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate both transformational and transactional leadership styles that influence employees’ knowledge sharing practices, and the impact of the latter on job performance, and then on firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data collected from 179 employees at the higher council of youth in Jordan were empirically tested using structural equation modelling.

Findings
– The findings revealed that both transformational and transactional leadership styles have significant impact on job performance, and the latter on firm performance. Also, it was found that transactional leadership impacted knowledge sharing, whereas transformational leadership did not.

Originality/value
– This research proposes a new approach to understand knowledge sharing adoption, and outlines some theoretical and managerial implications of the findings.
Plant–soil feedbacks: connecting ecosystem ecology and evolution
Authors: Van Nuland Michael E. , Wooliver Rachel C. , Pfennigwerth Alix A. , Read Quentin D. , Ware Ian M. , Mueller Liam , Fordyce James A. , Schweitzer Jennifer A. , Bailey Joseph K. 
Published: May 2016

Summary

While an appreciation of plant–soil feedbacks (PSF) continues to expand for community and ecosystem ecology, the eco‐evolutionary mechanisms and consequences of such feedbacks remain largely unknown or untested.

Determining the cause and effect of plant phenotypes is central for understanding these eco‐evolutionary dynamics since phenotypes respond to soil selective gradients that are, in turn, modified by plant traits. Genetic variation in plant phenotypes can change soil processes and biotic communities; oppositely, soil gradients and microbial communities can influence the expression and evolution of plant phenotypes.

Although these processes represent the two halves of genetic based PSF, research in these areas has developed independently from one another. Greater connectivity between research on ecosystem consequences of plant genetic variation and soil selective gradients that drive plant phenotypic evolution will create novel and important opportunities to link ecology and evolution in natural systems.

Papers in this special feature build on the inherent ecological and evolutionary processes involved in PSF, outlining many ways to identify and test mechanisms that connect ecosystem ecology and evolution.
Resveratrol promotes differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells to cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ding Hong , Xu Xin , Qin Xian , Yang Chengjian , Feng Qiuting 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAimEmbryonic stem cells (ESCs) are capable to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, with the potential to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, directed differentiation is still a challenge faced by scientists. As a natural substance in grapes, resveratrol (RV) is important for cardiovascular protection. The studies of RV and its effects on ESC differentiation have potential clinical applications.MethodsUsing mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), we investigated the effects of different concentrations of RV (5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μmol/L) exposure on mESCs viability, expression levels of cardiac marker genes in embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from mESCs, expression levels of maturity indicative cardiac markers in cardiomyocytes derived from mESCs, and the beating properties of EBs.ResultsAbout 10 μmol/L of RV showed no toxicity on cell viability and was the optimal concentration to promote mESC differentiation, induce mESC differentiation to cardiomyocytes, and gain the beating properties of EBs.ConclusionRV can successfully direct the differentiation of mESCs into cardiomyocytes, shedding light on its future applications to treat cardiovascular diseases.
Is it Trauma‐ or Fantasy‐based? Comparing dissociative identity disorder, post‐traumatic stress disorder, simulators, and controls
Authors: Vissia E. M. , Giesen M. E. , Chalavi S. , Nijenhuis E. R. S. , Draijer N. , Brand B. L. , Reinders A. A. T. S. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThe Trauma Model of dissociative identity disorder (DID) posits that DID is etiologically related to chronic neglect and physical and/or sexual abuse in childhood. In contrast, the Fantasy Model posits that DID can be simulated and is mediated by high suggestibility, fantasy proneness, and sociocultural influences. To date, these two models have not been jointly tested in individuals with DID in an empirical manner.MethodThis study included matched groups [patients (n = 33) and controls (n = 32)] that were compared on psychological Trauma and Fantasy measures: diagnosed genuine DID (DID‐G, n = 17), DID‐simulating healthy controls (DID‐S, n = 16), individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, n = 16), and healthy controls (HC, n = 16). Additionally, personality‐state‐dependent measures were obtained for DID‐G and DID‐S; both neutral personality states (NPS) and trauma‐related personality states (TPS) were tested.ConclusionFor Trauma measures, the DID‐G group had the highest scores, with TPS higher than NPS, followed by the PTSD, DID‐S, and HC groups. The DID‐G group was not more fantasy‐prone or suggestible and did not generate more false memories. Malingering measures were inconclusive. Evidence consistently supported the Trauma Model of DID and challenges the core hypothesis of the Fantasy Model.
Spectral Analysis of Electrocardiograms in Patients with Inducible Atrial Fibrillation after Catheter Ablation Predicts Sinus Rhythm Maintenance
Authors: Stavrakis Stavros , Dyer John W. , Scherlag Benjamin J. , Khan Zeeshan , Yeung Paul , Chohan Jawad , Po Sunny S. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundWe aimed to develop a novel predictive marker for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence in patients with inducible AF after catheter ablation, based on power spectral analysis of baseline and postablation electrocardiograms.MethodsTwenty‐five patients who had undergone their first AF ablation procedure (pulmonary vein isolation and ganglionated plexi ablation) and had inducible AF after ablation were included. A 30‐second interval of AF was chosen for each patient before and after ablation, and a periodogram of the atrial activity was computed. A ratio of the power in the dominant frequency to the power in the remainder of the periodogram (DFR) was calculated.ResultsEight (32%) patients had recurrent AF at 1 year. The clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with and without recurrence were similar (P > 0.05). After ablation, there was organization of atrial activity, evidenced by an increase in the DFR (0.28 ± 0.22 vs 0.53 ± 0.29; P = 0.001). The percent change in DFR before and after ablation (median [interquartile range]) was significantly higher in patients without AF recurrence (120% [30% to 344%] vs 3% [−27% to 66%]; P = 0.01). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis demonstrated that a less than 16% increase in DFR postablation was able to predict recurrence of AF (area under ROC curve = 0.82; P = 0.03) with 75% sensitivity and 94% specificity.ConclusionAF ablation leads to variable organization of atrial activity. Organization of atrial activity after AF ablation is associated with lower 1‐year recurrence rates and may be used intraprocedurally after as a novel end point for AF ablation. Larger prospective studies are warranted.
Blue‐blocking glasses as additive treatment for mania: a randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Henriksen Tone EG , Skrede Silje , Fasmer Ole B , Schoeyen Helle , Leskauskaite Ieva , Bjørke‐Bertheussen Jeanette , Assmus Jörg , Hamre Børge , Grønli Janne , Lund Anders 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThe discovery of the blue lightsensitive retinal photoreceptor responsible for signaling daytime to the brain suggested that light to the circadian system could be inhibited by using blue‐blocking orange tinted glasses. Blue‐blocking (BB) glasses are a potential treatment option for bipolar mania. We examined the effectiveness of BB glasses in hospitalized patients with bipolar disorder in a manic state.MethodsIn a single‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (RCT), eligible patients (with bipolar mania; age 18–70 years) were recruited from five clinics in Norway. Patients were assigned to BB glasses or placebo (clear glasses) from 6 p.m. to 8 a.m. for 7 days, in addition to treatment as usual. Symptoms were assessed daily by use of the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Motor activity was assessed by actigraphy, and compared to data from a healthy control group. Wearing glasses for one evening/night qualified for inclusion in the intention‐to‐treat analysis.ResultsFrom February 2012 to February 2015, 32 patients were enrolled. Eight patients dropped out and one was excluded, resulting in 12 patients in the BB group and 11 patients in the placebo group. The mean decline in YMRS score was 14.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.7–18.5] in the BB group, and 1.7 (95% CI: −4.0 to 7.4) in the placebo group, yielding an effect size of 1.86 (Cohen's d). In the BB group, one patient reported headache and two patients experienced easily reversible depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThis RCT shows that BB glasses are effective and feasible as add‐on treatment for bipolar mania.
Fabrication and Property of Mullite Whiskers Frameworks with an Ultrahigh Porosity by Expandable Mesocarbon Microbeads
Authors: Zeng De‐Jun , Zhang Ya‐Ming , Yang Jian‐Feng , Wang Bo , Matsushita Junichi 
Published: May 2016

Mullite whiskers frameworks with an ultrahigh porosity were fabricated by the vapor‐phase reaction of AlF3, Al2O3, and SiO2 and adding expandable mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) as a pore‐forming agent. A large volume expansion of 122% for MCMB due to its layered structure occurred during the formation of mullite whiskers, resulting in the expansion of samples and high porosities of 87.7%–98.2% at 50–90 wt% MCMB contents. Perfect whiskers and a lap‐joint structure formed due to the formation of mullites through the vapor‐phase reaction. A bimodal pore structure was achieved from the spaces of the whiskers framework and burning of the expanded MCMB. High compressive strengths of 1.7 to 5.4 MPa were obtained for the porous mullite at porosities of 94.2%–87.7%, which suggested a rigid structure; these strengths at the ultrahigh porosities are attributed to the merit of the framework with high strength whiskers and their strong bonding.
Laser and light therapies for the treatment of nail psoriasis
Authors: Maranda Eric L. , Nguyen Austin H. , Lim Victoria M. , Hafeez Farhaan , Jimenez Joaquin J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPsoriatic involvement of the nail is notoriously refractory to conventional therapy. Nail psoriasis has a high incidence amongst patients with psoriasis. It remains a significant cosmetic problem and thus, has a significant impact on quality of life. More recently, light and laser therapies have emerged as modalities for treatment of nail psoriasis. In this study, the efficacies of light and laser therapies are systematically reviewed. Light therapies involve ultraviolet light (with or without photosensitizers) or intense pulsed light. Alternatively, laser therapy in nail psoriasis is primarily administered using a 595‐nm pulsed dye laser. These modalities have demonstrated significant improvement in psoriatic nail lesions, and even complete resolution in some cases. Both laser and light modalities have also been tested in combination with other systemic or topical therapeutics, with variable improvement in efficacy. Both laser and light therapies are generally well tolerated. Side‐effects of light therapies include hyperpigmentation, itching and erythema; whereas, side‐effects of laser therapy are more frequent and include pain, purpura/petechiae and hyperpigmentation. Patterns of response to therapy were also seen based on presenting characteristics of the nail lesions: subungual hyperkeratosis and onycholysis appeared to be the most responsive to therapy, while nail pitting was the most resistant. Light or laser therapies have the potential to be an efficient and cost‐effective in‐office based treatment for nail psoriasis. However, more large‐scale clinical trials are needed to assess their efficacy, particularly in combination with other therapeutic modalities.
Dienogest compared with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist after conservative surgery for endometriosis
Authors: Takaesu Yotaro , Nishi Hirotaka , Kojima Junya , Sasaki Toru , Nagamitsu Yuzo , Kato Rina , Isaka Keiichi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimAlthough there are various hormone therapies, including gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist, danazol, levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system, dienogest, and low‐dose estrogen progestin, no consensus opinion has been reached in terms of which medication should be used and for how long it should be administered. We aimed to determine whether dienogest or goserelin is the better postoperative therapy to prevent recurrence of endometriosis.MethodsA prospective cohort randomized study were conducted, including 198 patients diagnosed as having endometriosis. A total of 111 patients were randomly assigned into two groups: the dienogest‐administered group (n = 56) and the goserelin‐administered group (n = 55). Patients were followed for 24 months after laparoscopic surgery. Those who gave consent but desired no postoperative therapy were assigned to the non‐treatment group (n = 79). Recurrence, side‐effects, degrees of menstrual pain and chronic pelvic pain measured by the Visual Analogue Scale were compared among the three groups: the dienogest, goserelin, and non‐treatment groups.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in the postoperative recurrence rate between the dienogest and goserelin groups. No significant difference was found in the recurrence rate between the goserelin group and non‐treatment group; however, a significant difference was found in the recurrence rate between the dienogest group and the non‐treatment group (P = 0.027). Menstrual pain and chronic pelvic pain were significantly improved in both treatment groups. Side‐effects were markedly observed in the goserelin group as compared with the dienogest group.ConclusionDienogest is available for prolonged administration of more than 6 months, so it is more useful than goserelin, which is available only for short‐term administration.
EXTENDING A SMOOTH PARAMETER MODEL TO FIRM LOCATION ANALYSES: THE CASE OF NATURAL GAS ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Brown Jason P. , Lambert Dayton M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper extends recent developments in regional growth modeling that use spatial regime switching functions to a count regression model of firm location events. The smooth parameter count model (SPCM) allows for a parsimonious parameterization of locally varying coefficients while simultaneously attending to excess‐zero count events. An empirical application examines natural gas establishment growth between 2005 and 2010. The smooth parameter model appears to outperform a standard zero‐inflated count model. The SPCM may be extended to the location analysis of other industries with the identification of transition variables related to the supply or demand oriented cost structure of the sector.
Neural Correlates of Performance Monitoring During the Transition to Young Adulthood
Authors: Knežević Martina , Veroude Kim , Jolles Jelle , Krabbendam Lydia 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTCognitive challenges during transition to adulthood are generally high and require particular skills, such as self‐control, performance evaluation, and behavioral adjustment for success in everyday living. However, age and sex differences in timing and efficiency of brain maturational processes in the early twenties are not well known. We used a go/no‐go paradigm and fMRI to focus on the neural processes underlying response inhibition and performance monitoring during the transition from late adolescence (aged 18–19) to young adulthood (aged 23–25). During performance monitoring, late adolescents showed more activation in right inferior frontal gyrus than young adults, while males showed more activation in left inferior parietal lobe than females. No effects of age and sex were found for response inhibition. Our findings suggest that age and sex‐related differences in neural basis of performance monitoring continue to change between late adolescence and young adulthood.
Development of a Data‐Driven Framework for Real‐Time Travel Time Prediction
Authors: Tak Sehyun , Kim Sunghoon , Oh Simon , Yeo Hwasoo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTravel time prediction is one of the most important components in Intelligent Transportation Systems implementation. Various related techniques have been developed, but the efforts for improving the applicability of long‐term prediction in a real‐time manner have been lacking. Existing methods do not fully utilize the advantages of the state‐of‐the‐art cloud system and large amount of data due to computation issues. We propose a new prediction framework for real‐time travel time services in the cloud system. A distinctive feature is that the prediction is done with the entire data of a road section to stably and accurately produce the long‐term (at least 6‐hour prediction horizon) predicted value. Another distinctive feature is that the framework uses a hierarchical pattern matching called Multilevel k‐nearest neighbor (Mk‐NN) method which is compared with the conventional k‐NN method and Nearest Historical average method. The results show that the method can more accurately and robustly predict the long‐term travel time with shorter computation time.