bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ranolazine Added to Amiodarone Facilitates Earlier Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation Compared to Amiodarone‐Only Therapy
Authors: TSANAXIDIS NIKOS , AIDONIDIS ISAAC , HATZIEFTHIMIOU APOSTOLIA , DASKALOPOULOU STELLA S. , GIAMOUZIS GRIGORIOS , TRIPOSKIADIS FILIPPOS , SKOULARIGIS IOANNIS 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundAmiodarone (AMIO) is for many years effectively used to control ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation (AF) and to convert it into sinus rhythm. However, due to its delayed onset of action, ranolazine (RAN), a new antianginal agent with atrial‐selective electrophysiologic properties, has recently been attempted as add‐on therapy with AMIO to facilitate AF conversion.MethodsTo establish the role of this combination therapy, we enrolled 173 consecutive patients (68 ± 10 years, 54% male) with recent‐onset (<48‐hour duration) AF who were eligible for pharmacologic cardioversion. Patients were randomized to intravenous AMIO (loading dose 5 mg/kg in 1 hour followed by 50 mg/h; n = 81), or AMIO plus a single oral dose of RAN 1 g (n = 92).ResultsMean left atrial diameter did not significantly differ between groups, AMIO and AMIO + RAN (4.2 ± 0.5 cm vs 4.1 ± 0.4 cm, P = 0.18). The AMIO + RAN group compared with the AMIO‐only group showed significantly shorter time to conversion (8.6 ± 2.8 hours vs 19.4 ± 4.4 hours, P < 0.0001) and higher conversion rate at 24 hours (98% vs 58%, P < 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction did not markedly vary between the two groups and ranged within moderately reduced values. No serious clinically evident adverse effects were observed in any of the patients receiving either AMIO or the combination treatment.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate faster sinus rhythm restoration and enhanced conversion rate of AF after AMIO plus RAN in patients with preserved ejection fraction and left atrial size, implicating a synergistic effect of the two agents.
Hemodynamic profile and behavioral characteristics during induction of anesthesia in pediatric patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Cartabuke Richard S. , Tobias Joseph D. , Rice Julie , Tumin Dmitry 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThere is no consensus regarding the administration of stimulant drugs preoperatively, particularly in pediatric patients diagnosed with ADHD. The primary objective of the current study was to assess differences in blood pressure and heart rate before and after induction of anesthesia between patients on chronic amphetamine or methylphenidate therapy who receive their normal dose preoperatively compared to patients in whom the prescribed medication was withheld. Secondary objectives were to assess the anxiety level during the induction of anesthesia and the effect of premedication with midazolam.MethodPatients, ranging in age from 2 through 18 years, were enrolled if they were diagnosed with ADHD, were taking amphetamines or methylphenidate at any time in the 6 months prior to admission, and were undergoing an outpatient surgical or diagnostic procedure. The study cohort was divided into those who took their ADHD medications prior to surgery and those who did not take their medications preoperatively. The primary objective was addressed by comparing heart rate, systolic and diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure before and during anesthetic induction between the two groups. Hypotension after anesthetic induction was defined as systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure <5th percentile for age. To address the secondary objectives, modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) scores assessed prior to induction and during induction were compared between groups.ResultsFifty patients were enrolled, 14 of whom took their ADHD medication and 34 of whom did not take ADHD medication preoperatively. Two patients with unknown ADHD medication status were excluded from the primary analysis (stratification by medication withholding), but all 50 patients were used for the secondary analysis (stratification by midazolam use). There was no intraoperative hypotension in either group. Despite weak evidence for a difference in heart rate between the group receiving medication and the group with no medication (96.8 ± 14.0 vs 88.0 ± 14.0 beats/min; difference of means = 8.8; 95% CI of difference: 0.2, 17.7; P = 0.055), there was no evidence for differences between the groups in systolic BP, diastolic BP, or mean arterial pressure. There were no differences between groups in mYPAS at the two time periods assessed.ConclusionThe evidence suggests that continuing preoperative stimulant medication is not associated with cardiovascular instability in the pediatric population. The evidence suggests that withholding or allowing stimulant medication preoperatively does not improve behavior on anesthetic induction or reduce the need for anxiolytic medication. Research efforts should focus on perioperative management strategies that will decrease the likelihood of long‐term behavioral issues.
GhMYB1 regulates SCW stage‐specific expression of the GhGDSL promoter in the fibres of Gossypium hirsutum L.
Authors: Yadav Vrijesh Kumar , Yadav Vikash Kumar , Pant Poonam , Singh Surendra Pratap , Maurya Rashmi , Sable Anshulika , Sawant Samir V. 
Published: February 2017

SummarySecondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis is an important stage of the cotton fibre development, and its transcriptional regulation is poorly understood. We selected the Gossypium hirsutum GDSL (GhGDSL) lipase/hydrolase gene (CotAD_74480), which is expressed during SCW biosynthesis (19 through to 25 days postanthesis; DPA), for study. T1‐transgenic cotton lines expressing the β‐glucuronidase (gus) reporter under the control of a 1026‐bp promoter fragment of GhGDSL (PGhGDSL) showed 19 DPA stage‐specific increase in GUS expression. 5′ deletion indicated that the 194‐bp fragment between –788 and –594 relative to the transcription start site was essential for this stage‐specific expression. Site‐directed mutagenesis of eight transcription factor binding sites within PGhGDSL demonstrated that the MYB1AT motif (AAACCA) at –603/–598 was critical for the 19 DPA‐specific reporter gene expressions. Yeast one‐hybrid (Y1H) analysis identified nine proteins, including GhMYB1 (CotAD_64719) that bound to the PGhGDSL promoter. Further, Y1H experiments using the 5′ promoter deletions and individually mutated promoter motifs indicated that GhMYB1 interacted with PGhGDSL at MYB1AT sequence. GhMYB1 was expressed specifically in fibre from 19 DPA, overlapping with the sharp rise in GhGDSL expression, indicating that it could regulate GhGDSL during fibre development. Analysis of genes co‐expressed with GhMYB1 showed that it potentially regulates a number of other 19–25 DPA‐specific genes in networks including those functioning in the cell wall and precursor synthesis, but not the major polysaccharide and protein components of the fibre SCW. GhGDSL and its promoter are therefore potential tools for the improvement of cotton fibre quality traits.
A systematic review of parent and family functioning in pediatric solid organ transplant populations
Authors: Cousino Melissa K. , Rea Kelly E. , Schumacher Kurt R. , Magee John C. , Fredericks Emily M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe process of pediatric solid organ transplantation (SOT) places new and increased stressors on patients and family members. Measures of family functioning may predict psychological and health outcomes for pediatric patients and their families, and provide opportunity for targeted intervention. This systematic review investigated parent and family functioning and factors associated with poorer functioning in the pediatric SOT population. Thirty‐seven studies were identified and reviewed. Studies featured a range of organ populations (eg, heart, liver, kidney, lung, intestine) at various stages in the transplant process. Findings highlighted that parents of pediatric SOT populations commonly report increased stress and mental health symptoms, including posttraumatic stress disorder. Pediatric SOT is also associated with increased family stress and burden throughout the transplant process. Measures of parent and family functioning were associated with several important health‐related factors, such as medication adherence, readiness for discharge, and number of hospitalizations. Overall, findings suggest that family stress and burden persists post‐transplant, and parent and family functioning is associated with health‐related factors in SOT, highlighting family‐level functioning as an important target for future intervention.
The epistemology of moral disagreement
Authors: Cosker‐Rowland Rach 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article is about the implications of a conciliatory view about the epistemology of peer disagreement for our moral beliefs. Many have endorsed a conciliatory view about the epistemology of peer disagreement according to which if we find ourselves in a disagreement about some matter with another whom we should judge to be our epistemic peer on that matter, we must revise our judgment about that matter. This article focuses on three issues about the implications of conciliationism for our moral beliefs. The first is whether there is an asymmetry between the implications of conciliationism for the epistemic status of our moral beliefs and the implications of conciliationism for the epistemic status of our non‐moral beliefs; for instance, some have argued that conciliationism leads to epistemological moral skepticism but not to epistemological nonmoral skepticism. The second is what the implications of conciliationism are for the epistemic status of particular moral beliefs. The third is whether conciliationism's impact on the epistemic status of our moral beliefs has practical implications.
Community‐based Flu Outreach Clinics in South Los Angeles: Client Satisfaction and Experiences
Authors: Mobasher Zahra , Smith Lisa V. , Stegall Ashley , Bressler‐Montgomery Deanna , Dominguez Daniela , King Jan , Frye Douglas , Piron Jennifer , Family Leila , Kuo Tony 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to better understand and improve influenza vaccination in low‐income populations regardless of their health insurance/immigration status. It assessed client satisfaction and experiences with services provided at community‐based “flu outreach” clinics in South Los Angeles. The clinics represent a community‐public agency partnership—a model of vaccine delivery that was relatively novel to the region.Design and SampleDuring 2011–2012, a self‐administered questionnaire was distributed to clients of the local health department's 39 flu outreach clinics in South Los Angeles.MeasuresThe study utilized a 10‐item satisfaction scale and survey questions that gauged client history and experiences with present and prior vaccinations.ResultsOf 4,497 adults who were eligible, 3,860 completed the survey (participation rate = 86%). More than 90% were satisfied with their experiences at the clinics. Younger adults were significantly more likely than adults aged 65+ to report not having been vaccinated in the previous year (p < .05). No statistical differences were observed by gender or race/ethnicity.ConclusionsHigh satisfaction with flu outreach services in South Los Angeles suggests that this model for vaccine delivery could lead to meaningful client experience of care. Local health departments could capitalize on this model to improve preventive services delivery for the underserved.
Methods Matter: Tracking Health Disparities in Alternative High Schools
Authors: Johnson Karen E. , Goyal Mohit , Simonton Amanda J. , Richardson Rebecca , Morris Marian , Rew Lynn 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlternative high school (AHS) students are at‐risk for school dropout and engage in high levels of health‐risk behaviors that should be monitored over time. They are excluded from most public health surveillance efforts (e.g., Youth Risk Behavior Survey; YRBS), hindering our ability to monitor health disparities and allocate scarce resources to the areas of greatest need. Using active parental consent, we recruited 515 students from 14 AHSs in Texas to take a modified YRBS. We calculated three different participation rates, tracked participation by age of legal consent (≥18 and <18 years), and identified other considerations for obtaining quality data. Being required to use active consent resulted in a much lower cooperation rate among students <18 years (32%) versus those who were ≥18 years and could provide their own consent (57%). Because chronic truancy is prevalent in AHS students, cooperation rates may be more accurate than participation rates based off of enrollment or attendance. Requiring active consent and not having accurate participation rates may result in surveillance data that are of disparate quality. This threatens to mask the needs of AHS students and perpetuate disparities because we are likely missing the highest‐risk students within a high‐risk sample and cannot generalize findings.
Early Term Deliveries and the Risk of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in the Offspring
Authors: Walfisch Asnat , Wainstock Tamar , Beharier Ofer , Landau Daniella , Sheiner Eyal 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundPreterm delivery may affect the development of the upper airways resulting in a higher risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We investigated whether children born at early term (37‐38 6/7 weeks’ gestation) are at an increased risk for childhood OSA as compared with those born later.MethodsIn this population‐based cohort analysis all singleton deliveries occurring between 1991–2013 at a single regional tertiary medical centre were included. Gestational age upon delivery was sub‐divided into: early preterm (<33 6/7 weeks’ gestation), late preterm (34‐36 6/7), early term, full term (39‐40 6/7), late term (41‐41 6/7), and post term (>42 0/7). Incidence of OSA related hospitalizations of the offspring, up to the age of 18 years, was evaluated. A survival curve and a Cox model were used to assess the association.ResultsDuring the study period 240 953 deliveries met the inclusion criteria. OSA hospitalization (n = 1320) rates decreased as gestational age increased from 1.1% in the early preterm group, 0.8% in late preterm, 0.7% at early term, 0.5% in full term, 0.4% in late term, to 0.3% in post term born children. In the Cox regression, early term delivery exhibited an increased risk for paediatric OSA (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.3 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.2, 1.5) while late and post term deliveries were associated with significantly lower OSA risk when compared with full term (HR 0.8 95% CI 0.6, 0.9 and HR 0.6 95% CI 0.4, 0.8, respectively).ConclusionsEarly term deliveries are associated with higher rates of paediatric OSA, which decrease gradually as gestational age advances.
Localization of orexin B and receptor 2 for orexins in testicular cytotypes of the camelid alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Liguori G , Squillacioti C , Assisi L , Mirabella N , Langella E , Costagliola A , Vittoria A 
Published: February 2017

ContentsThe orexins A (OxA) and B (OxB) are two hypothalamic peptides involved in many physiological functions of the mammalian body. They act through the binding of two G‐coupled receptors named receptor 1 (OX1) and receptor 2 (OX2) for orexins. The first receptor is specific for OxA, while the second binds both the substances with equal affinity. The orexins and the relative receptors have been traced by means of different techniques also at the periphery of the body and particularly in the adrenals, and in gastrointestinal and genital organs. Aim of this work was to investigate the presence of OxB and OX2 by means of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis in the testis of the South American camelid alpaca, a species primarily breed in Chile and Ecuador and recently diffused in Europe where the quality of its wool is particularly appreciated. OxB immunoreactivity (IR) was found in the tubular compartment of the testis where spermatogonia (resting), zygotene and pachytene spermatocytes, and spermatids clearly showed differently sized and shaped cytoplasmic positive structures. OX2‐IR was found both in the interstitial and tubular compartments of the testis and particularly in Leydig cells and round and elongated spermatids. Western blotting analysis of testis lysates showed the presence of a protein band whose molecular weight corresponded to that currently assigned to OX2. Such findings easily translate the hypothesis that OxB and its receptor 2 play a functional role both in the interstitial and tubular compartments of the alpaca testis.
Effects of alternate flooding–drought conditions on degenerated Phragmites australis salt marsh in Northeast China
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Wen Bolong , Yang Fei , Hartley Anne , Li Xiujun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe hydrological regime is the dominant factor associated with the degradation and restoration of inland salt marshes in Northeast China. This study investigates whether alternate flooding–drought conditions could be used to actively restore degraded inland salt marshes with the native plant Phragmites australis. Pot experiments were designed to examine changes in the growth and physiology of P. australis, as well as the saline–alkaline soil characteristics, in response to different hydrological regimes, alternate flooding–drought treatments, and single treatments of moisture, flooding, and drought. After 4 months of treatments, the P. australis population that grew in alternate flooding–drought conditions exhibited substantially more biomass accumulation and less Na+ absorption compared with the single treatments of moisture, flooding, and drought. Photosynthesis physiology served as regulating and adaptive responses to different water regimes, with increased values after the short‐term flooding, long‐term drought, and flooding–drought cycles. In addition, the saline–alkaline soil properties changed in response to the flooding–drought cycles. The flooding–drought cycles increased organic matter and total nitrogen contents, but decreased pH, electrical conductivity, and saline ion levels. Plant growth and saline–alkaline soil were improved by flooding–drought cycles (not drought–flooding cycles), which suggests that this may be an effective approach for restoration inland salt marshes.
Has the Suburbanization of Ethnic Economies Created New Opportunities for Income Attainment?
Authors: Somashekhar Mahesh 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveInternational migration to the U.S. suburbs has upended many theories of urban inequality and immigrant incorporation, including ethnic economy theory. This article is the most comprehensive study conducted to date on the reasons behind ethnic economy suburbanization and its effect on earnings.MethodsThe article uses regression techniques to analyze Census microdata from 1990 to 2010. A series of analyses that aggregate and disaggregate trends across nine ethnic groups identify the extent and influence of ethnic economies in suburban areas.ResultsEthnic economy suburbanization is strongly associated with ethnic residential suburbanization, and earnings are no different in the suburban and urban portions of the ethnic economy.ConclusionAlthough existing research highlights the uniqueness of suburban ethnic economies, suburban ethnic economies are delivering outcomes similar to those found in urban areas. This supports the body of literature arguing that differences between immigrant incorporation patterns in cities and suburbs are diminishing.
Severe chronic norovirus diarrheal disease in transplant recipients: Clinical features of an under‐recognized syndrome
Authors: Avery Robin K. , Lonze Bonnie E. , Kraus Edward S. , Marr Kieren A. , Montgomery Robert A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundNorovirus (NV) infection has been reported as a cause of severe chronic diarrhea in transplant recipients, but this entity remains under‐recognized in clinical practice, leading to diagnostic delays. Transplant clinicians should become familiar with this syndrome in order to facilitate early detection and management.MethodsDemographic, clinical, and outcomes variables were summarized from a series of transplant recipients with positive stool NV reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assays at Johns Hopkins in 2013‐2014. Factors associated with longer duration of symptoms were compared using random forest analysis.ResultsThirty‐one of 193 (16%) transplant recipients who were tested for NV had positive stool RT‐PCRs. Symptoms included diarrhea (100%), nausea/vomiting (58%), abdominal pain (52%), and wasting (35%). Acute kidney injury occurred in 23%, and persisted in 21% after 6 months. Median duration of diarrheal symptoms was 4 months (range, <1‐20) and 11/31 (35.4%) patients had relapses after improvement. Wasting, incompatible kidney transplant status, and plasmapheresis were associated with longer diarrhea durations. Treatments included nitazoxanide (in 74%), reduction of immunosuppression (58%), and intravenous immunoglobulin (32%). Six patients died, but no deaths were attributed to NV.ConclusionsIt is important for clinicians to recognize that NV can cause severe chronic diarrhea in transplant recipients. In this series, receipt of a human leukocyte antigen‐ and/or blood type‐incompatible kidney transplant, and plasmapheresis were associated with longer symptom duration.
Diamond burr debridement vs. grid keratotomy in canine SCCED with scanning electron microscopy diamond burr tip analysis
Authors: Spertus Chloe B. , Brown Josef M. , Giuliano Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectives(i) Compare the outcome of canine SCCED treated with grid keratotomy (GK) or diamond burr debridement (DBD); (ii) Serially evaluate morphologic and elemental composition changes to diamond burr tips.Animals studiedA total of 91 eyes of 88 canine SCCED patients treated at the University of Missouri (2005–2015); 75 fresh cadaver porcine globes.Procedures(i) Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Data were analyzed for age, sex, breed, procedure performed, eye(s) on which the procedure was performed, time to healing after a single surgical procedure, performance of a second surgical procedure, contact lens placement, and postprocedural complications. (ii) Three naïve 3.5‐mm medium grit burr tips were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). DBD was performed for 120 s on 8‐mm porcine corneal stroma using the Algerbrush®. Manufacturer‐recommended cleaning protocols were followed. SEM and EDS analyses were performed in triplicate after 10, 25, and 50 DBD, cleaning, and sterilization cycles.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in healing between DBD and GK groups (P = 0.50). No diamond particle damage after 10, 25, or 50 DBDs was detected. SEM secondary electron imaging and backscatter electron imaging after repeated uses demonstrated a build‐up of contamination composed of carbon, sulfur, and calcium on burr tips.ConclusionsBoth DBD and GK are effective treatment options for canine SCCED. Although complications are rare after DBD, build‐up of contaminants may be a contributing factor. Additional cleaning and sterilization protocols are being investigated.