bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiction and Fact in Shaw's Account of Major Barbara's Salvation Army Origins
Authors: Albert Sidney P. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT:
On various occasions over the years, Shaw supplied an authoritative account of how he came to think of and write Major Barbara—especially with respect to its Salvation Army sources. But his dramatic imagination colored his recollection of events and their reconstruction. Shaw's account of the drama's composition is not only incomplete but defective, requiring a sorting out of fact from fiction. This article by the late Sidney P. Albert contributes toward that end, while also making available for the first time the sheet music of the actual Salvation Army march Shaw had in mind for use in its production.
The Ennobling of a “Folk Tradition” and the Disempowerment of the Performers: Celebrations and Appropriations of Bāul-Fakir Identity in West Bengal1
Authors: Krakauer Benjamin 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper explores the ways in which Bengali Bāul-Fakirs are imagined and celebrated by affluent audiences, for whom they form a powerful, if contested, sign of Bengali cultural heritage and identity. I argue that as Bāul-Fakirs become increasingly important symbols in affluent Bengalis’ constructions of identity, it is increasingly difficult for individuals to live up to idealized notions of what it means to be Bāul-Fakir. More broadly, I argue that the celebration or ennobling of a low-status “folk tradition” by the affluent classes can be ultimately disempowering to the poor and working-class individual practitioners of that tradition.
To “Enlighten And Beautify”: Western Music and the Modern Project of Personhood in Albania, c. 1906–1924
Authors: Tochka Nicholas 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Between 1920 and 1924, self-described progressives began importing and promoting western concert music in order to “civilize” Albania’s population. Questions of sovereignty, civilization, and government came to be intermeshed in their plans “to enlighten and beautify the soul of the individual.” This article demonstrates how progressives introduced into Albanian politics the modern project of personhood through their concern for the individual. In doing this, I suggest how ethnomusicologists’ concern with the construction and performance of nominalist categories of identity may be extended in order to critically historicize the emergence of the modern project of being.
The Aesthetic and the Spiritual Attitude in Learning: Lessons from Simone Weil
Authors: CARANFA ANGELO 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The beautiful is something on which we can fix our attention …. The attitude of looking and waiting is the attitude which corresponds with the beautiful.
—Simone Weil
Attention, taken to its highest degree, is the same thing as prayer.
—Simone Weil, Gravity and Grace
Deleuze’s New Meno: On Learning, Time, and Thought
Authors: Dejanovic Sanja 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In Difference and Repetition (1968), Gilles Deleuze calls for a new Meno. The Meno is one of the Platonic dialogues in which Socrates asserts that learning is recollection. While Deleuze’s central philosophical writing has not been interpreted as a text on learning, his treatment of Plato’s Meno cannot be reduced to the dominant theme pervading much of his thought: that of overturning Platonism. Indeed, the call for a new Meno signals the overturning of Platonism, but it requires the development of a theory of learning that renders it possible to begin with. If learning is not one of the central themes of Difference and Repetition, on what basis can Deleuze claim to have conjured up a new Meno? Deleuze’s argument is that learning or apprenticeship is oriented toward the future, rather than the past. In other words, a new Meno arises along with Deleuze’s philosophy of time, which is the most powerful theme pervading Difference and Repetition. But the argument that learning is oriented toward the future does not originate with Difference and Repetition. It is developed by Deleuze in his earlier work Proust and Signs (1964).
Confucius on the Relationship of Beauty and Goodness
Authors: Fu Xiaowei , Wang Yi 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The ideology about the relation between goodness and beauty for Confucius and the early Confucians is the continuation of the aesthetic tradition long before Confucius’s time, which sees more value in Yuejiao, namely, music/beauty education, than in Lijiao, Moral education. No doubt Confucius’s aesthetic idea is featured as the juxtaposition of Li and Yue, goodness and beauty. But we must not forget that Confucius, taking himself as a preserver of the sages’ tradition, personally values Yue (music/beauty) over Li (ritual/moral). It is in this context that we argue that taking the unity of beauty and goodness as a Confucian aesthetic feature is a misinterpretation of his teaching and is poles apart from the ancient Chinese aesthetic tradition and from Confucius’ aesthetics.
Subjects of Wonder: Toward an Aesthetics, Ethics, and Pedagogy of Wonder
Authors: Kearns Laura-Lee 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
What is wonder? What would it mean to live our lives in wonder or with wonder? Is it possible for wonder to play an integral role in our aesthetic, ethical, and pedagogical experiences? Philosophy is said to begin with wonder. For Plato, wonder is the arche that grounds all philosophical inquiry. I propose to begin my ethical and aesthetic investigation of wonder with Plato, but, unlike Plato who places the imagination’s capacity to be astonished at the bottom of a hierarchy that quests for knowledge and understanding, I will argue that an ethics and aesthetics based on wonder would allow for the imagination to play an active role in all our encounters. First, I look at different philosophical treatments of wonder and then consider the role wonder plays as a virtue. Next I examine the wondrous in relation to aesthetic and ethical experiences, exploring art exhibits and a play, and conclude by drawing upon the many sides of wonder and considering its role in education. In my wanderings on wonder, I seek to value wonder as an integral part of ourselves, in all our imaginings, understandings, growth, and knowledge acquisition.
Proposta de ensino de produção de texto dissertativo-argumentativo pela Teoria dos Blocos Semânticos
Authors: Delanoy Cláudio Primo , Gomes Lauro 
Published: February 2016

<p>Este trabalho propõe-se a explicitar uma proposta de ensino de produção de texto dissertativo-argumentativo, com base em conceitos e princípios da teoria da Argumentação na Língua (ADL), de Ducrot (1990; 2009), e, sobretudo, em ferramentas postas à disposição pela Teoria dos Blocos Semânticos (TBS), de Carel (1995; 2005), e Carel e Ducrot (2005). Para tanto, analisa-se, primeiramente, a proposta de redação do Enem 2012, com vistas a encontrar as unidades semânticas básicas de seus textos motivadores, as quais, ao serem associadas a aspectos argumentativos de blocos semânticos que as originam, podem, a partir das relações semânticas existentes dentro de um mesmo bloco, orientar percursos argumentativos eficazes a serem realizados no texto dissertativo-argumentativo. Verifica-se, ademais, em que medida os encadeamentos argumentativos transgressivos apresentam-se, em redações argumentativas, como mais convincentes do que os encadeamentos argumentativos normativos. Em vista disso, este trabalho poderá fornecer subsídios teórico-metodológicos aos professores que trabalham diretamente com o ensino de leitura e produção de textos, tanto na educação básica como na superior. </p>
Entre a língua e a literatura: variação linguística e ensino de espanhol
Authors: Pinheiro-Mariz Josilene , Venâncio da Silva Bruno Rafael Costa 
Published: February 2016

<p> </p><p><span><span style="font-size: medium;">Tencionamos rediscutir o lugar do texto literário no âmbito do ensino de línguas estrangeiras (ou adicionais). Tal intento está ancorado na necessidade da não dissociação dos dois principais eixos de base do profissional de Letras: Língua e Literatura. Trazemos reflexões que julgamos necessárias para a formação desse profissional, posto que trabalhar entre a língua e a literatura é tarefa delicada e indispensável, sobretudo para o professor da área. Portanto, discutiremos a importância da relação entre língua e literatura, a partir dos estudos da variação linguística no ensino do espanhol, no Brasil, tendo-se na literatura, o principal ponto de referência para tais ponderações. Primeiramente, discutiremos a variação linguística no ensino de espanhol, partindo-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica aportada em </span></span><span><span style="font-size: medium;">Moreno Fernández, (2010), Vilhena, (2013), Andión Herrero, (2008) e Lucchesi, (2004) e em</span></span><span><span style="font-size: medium;"> pesquisa documental embasada nas Orientações Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio (2006). Ancorados nos estudos de Preti (2004) sobre a variação linguística em textos literários e em Brait (2000;</span></span><span><span style="font-size: medium;"> 2010</span></span><span><span style="font-size: medium;">), discutiremos a importância do trabalho com textos literários no ensino da língua espanhola. Ao término, traçaremos algumas considerações enfatizem a exequibilidade de uma abordagem do textos literários em aula de língua sem que se requeira a sua dicotomização.</span></span></p><p> </p>
Web 2.0 e formação de professoras/es de línguas estrangeiras/adicionais : foco em um grupo de estudos virtual
Authors: Silvestre Viviane Pires Viana , Pessoa Rosane Rocha 
Published: February 2016

<p> </p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">No cenário contemporâneo, torna-se cada vez mais urgente refletir sobre como os recursos disponibilizados pelas novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação podem servir à educação e, mais especificamente, à formação de professoras/es. Este estudo, de base qualitativo-interpretativista (</span><span style="font-size: medium;">Denzin; Lincoln</span><span style="font-size: medium;">, 2006),</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> reflete sobre possíveis contribuições e limitações do recurso disponibilizado pela </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">Web 2.0 </span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">“grupo de estudos virtual”, desenvolvido a partir do grupo de discussão </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">GoogleGroups</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;">, para a formação de professoras/es de línguas estrangeiras/adicionais. Para tanto, temos como foco de análise alguns dados das interações virtuais do grupo de estudos “</span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">XXX”</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;"> – Formação de professoras/es de língua estrangeira” e as considerações de algumas/uns de suas/seus participantes, geradas por meio de um questionário semiaberto, acerca desse recurso virtual de formação docente. A análise aponta a relevância desse recurso potencializado pela </span><em><span style="font-size: medium;">Web 2.0</span></em><span style="font-size: medium;"> para a formação continuada docente e nos incita a buscar maneiras de otimizá-lo, problematizando suas limitações, e ao mesmo tempo de torná-lo mais acessível a outras/os professoras/es de línguas estrangeiras/adicionais.</span></p><p> </p>
Abordagem de gêneros discursivos orais em livros didáticos de língua espanhola
Authors: Álvares Margarida Rosa , Ortiz Preuss Elena 
Published: February 2016

<p> </p><p><span><span style="font-size: medium;">Estudos diversos apontam que o trabalho com os gêneros orais tem sido marginalizado em sala de aula, tanto de língua materna (LM) quanto de língua estrangeira (LE). A partir dessa constatação, nosso artigo pretende analisar o espaço dado aos gêneros orais em dois livros didáticos de língua espanhola. Valendo-nos da pesquisa bibliográfica, analisamos livros escolhidos pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), nos anos de 2012 e 2015. Para cumprir com nosso objetivo, expusemos um panorama teórico sobre os gêneros discursivos e discursivos orais, apresentamos a metodologia utilizada, analisamos o espaço dado aos gêneros orais nos livros analisados e concluímos evidenciando que ainda há uma primazia pelo trabalho pedagógico a partir de gêneros discursivos escritos, embora na comparação entre as obras, o livro didático mais recente apresenta mais atividades com gêneros discursivos orais.</span></span></p><p> </p>
Suppression of segregation of the phosphorus δ-doping layer in germanium by incorporation of carbon
Authors: Yamada Michihiro , Sawano Kentarou , Uematsu Masashi , Shimizu Yasuo , Inoue Koji , Nagai Yasuyoshi , Itoh Kohei M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The successful formation of abrupt phosphorus (P) δ-doping profiles in germanium (Ge) is reported. When the P δ-doping layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) directly on Ge wafers whose surfaces had residual carbon impurities, more than a half the phosphorus atoms were confined successfully within a few nm of the initial doping position even after the growth of Ge capping layers on the top. On the other hand, the same P layers grown on Ge buffer layers that had much less carbon showed significantly broadened P concentration profiles. Current–voltage characteristics of Au/Ti/Ge capping/P δ-doping/n-Ge structures having the abrupt P δ-doping layers with carbon assistance showed excellent ohmic behaviors when P doses were higher than 1 × 1014 cm−2 and the capping layer thickness was as thin as 5 nm. Therefore, the insertion of carbon around the P doping layer is a useful way of realizing ultrashallow junctions in Ge.
Inside-out flowers ofLacandonia brasiliana(Triuridaceae) provide new insights into fundamental aspects of floral patterning
Authors: Rudall Paula J. , Alves Marccus , Sajo Maria das Graças 
Published: February 2016

Background and Aims. A recently described Brazilian species,Lacandonia brasiliana, shares with its longer established putative sister species from Mexico,L. schismatica, inverted floral patterning (carpels surrounding stamens) that is almost unique among angiosperms. We present a detailed ontogenetic study ofL. brasilianafor comparison with other members of the tribe Triurideae (Triuridaceae) to explore the possible evolutionary origins of “inside-out” flowers.Methods. Wild-source populations ofL. brasilianawere compared morphologically and ontogenetically with related species of Triurideae, using light and scanning electron microscopy.Key Results. Relatively few morphological differences separate flowers ofL. brasilianaandL. schismatica. Both species have tepals with late-developing subapical appendages. In both species, the three central (almost sessile) anthers develop precociously with respect to the carpels; the anthers remain closed, and fertilization is achieved via pollen-tube growth from germinating pollen grains of the same cleistogamous flower. Carpels are initiated on fascicles.Conclusions. The close similarity between the twoLacandoniaspecies makes it unlikely that they arose independently from two separate homeotic transformation events; they could either represent sister species or two populations of a single disjunct species. Our study underlines the problematic generic and species boundaries within Triurideae. We present an evolutionary scenario of character evolution in Triuridaceae. The inside-outLacandoniaflower could have resulted from a stabilized homeotic transformation; this hypothesis is not in conflict with constrasting theories of the origin of the Triuridaceae flower, which coincided with a shift to unisexuality. The unisexual yet highly plastic flowers that are typical of Triuridaceae could have pre-adapted the origin of the extraordinaryLacandoniamorphology.
MESSENGER observations of induced magnetic fields in Mercury's core
Authors: Johnson Catherine L. , Philpott Lydia C. , Anderson Brian J. , Korth Haje , Hauck Steven A. , Heyner Daniel , Phillips Roger J. , Winslow Reka M. , Solomon Sean C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOrbital data from the Magnetometer on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft allow investigation of magnetic fields induced at the top of Mercury's core by time‐varying magnetospheric fields. We used 15 Mercury years of observations of the magnetopause position as well as the magnetic field inside the magnetosphere to establish the presence and magnitude of an annual induction signal. Our results indicate an annual change in the internal axial dipole term, g10, of 7.5 to 9.5 nT. For negligible mantle conductivity, the average annual induction signal provides an estimate of Mercury's core radius to within ±90 km, independent of geodetic results. Larger induction signals during extreme events are expected but are challenging to identify because of reconnection‐driven erosion. Our results indicate that the magnetopause reaches the dayside planetary surface 1.5–4% of the time.
Earthquakes initiation and thermal shear instability in the Hindu Kush intermediate depth nest
Authors: Poli Piero , Prieto German , Rivera Efrain , Ruiz Sergio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntermediate depth earthquakes often occur along subducting lithosphere, but despite their ubiquity the physical mechanism responsible for promoting brittle or brittle‐like failure is not well constrained. Large concentrations of intermediate depth earthquakes have been found to be related to slab break‐off, slab drip, and slab tears. The intermediate depth Hindu Kush nest is one of the most seismically active regions in the world and shows the correlation of a weak region associated with ongoing slab detachment process. Here we study relocated seismicity in the nest to constraint the geometry of the shear zone at the top of the detached slab. The analysis of the rupture process of the Mw 7.5 Afghanistan 2015 earthquake and other several well‐recorded events over the past 25 years shows an initially slow, highly dissipative rupture, followed by a dramatic dynamic frictional stress reduction and corresponding large energy radiation. These properties are typical of thermal driven rupture processes. We infer that thermal shear instabilities are a leading mechanism for the generation of intermediated‐depth earthquakes especially in presence of weak zone subjected to large strain accumulation, due to ongoing detachment process.
Spacecraft plume interactions with the magnetosphere plasma environment in geostationary Earth orbit
Authors: Stephani K. A. , Boyd I. D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractParticle‐based kinetic simulations of steady and unsteady hydrazine chemical rocket plumes are presented in a study of plume interactions with the ambient magnetosphere in geostationary Earth orbit. The hydrazine chemical rocket plume expands into a near‐vacuum plasma environment, requiring the use of a combined direct simulation Monte Carlo/particle‐in‐cell methodology for the rarefied plasma conditions. Detailed total and differential cross sections are employed to characterize the charge exchange reactions between the neutral hydrazine plume mixture and the ambient hydrogen ions, and ion production is also modeled for photoionization processes. These ionization processes lead to an increase in local plasma density surrounding the spacecraft owing to a partial ionization of the relatively high‐density hydrazine plume. Results from the steady plume simulations indicate that the formation of the hydrazine ion plume are driven by several competing mechanisms, including (1) local depletion and (2) replenishing of ambient H+ions by charge exchange and thermal motion of 1 keV H+from the ambient reservoir, respectively, and (3) photoionization processes. The self‐consistent electrostatic field forces and the geostationary magnetic field have only a small influence on the dynamics of the ion plume. The unsteady plume simulations show a variation in neutral and ion plume dissipation times consistent with the variation in relative diffusion rates of the chemical species, with full H2dissipation (below the ambient number density levels) approximately 33 s after a 2 s thruster burn.
Sprite beads and glows arising from the attachment instability in streamer channels
Authors: Luque A. , Stenbaek‐Nielsen H. C. , McHarg M. G. , Haaland R. K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe complex dynamics of a sprite discharge are not limited to the propagation of streamers. After the passage of a streamer head, the ionized channel established in its wake develops intricate luminous patterns that evolve on timescales from 1 up to 100 ms. To investigate these patterns, conventionally called beads and glows, we present high‐speed recordings of their onset and decay; our main observation here is that in many cases distant points within a channel decay at the same rate despite considerable differences in the underlying air density. We then show that the properties of beads and glows, including this synchronized decay, are explained by the tendency of electric current within a streamer channel to converge to an uniform value and by an attachment instability of electric discharges in air. However, we also discuss the uncertainty about the chemical reactions that affect the electron density during the sprite decay.
Influence of mountains on Arctic tropospheric ozone
Authors: Seabrook Jeffrey , Whiteway James 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTropospheric ozone was measured above Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic during spring of 2008 using a differential absorption lidar. The observations were carried out at Eureka Weather Station, which is located between various mountain ranges. Analysis of the observations revealed that mountains had a significant effect on the vertical distribution of ozone. Ozone depletion events were observed when air that had spent significant time near to the frozen surface of the Arctic Ocean reached Eureka. This air arrived at Eureka by flowing over the surrounding mountains. Surface level ozone depletions were not observed during periods when mountains blocked the flow of air from over the sea ice. In the case of blocking there was an enhancement in the amount of ozone near the surface as air from the midtroposphere descended in the lee of the mountains. Three case studies from spring of 2008 are described.
Remote‐Controlled Release of Singlet Oxygen by the Plasmonic Heating of Endoperoxide‐Modified Gold Nanorods: Towards a Paradigm Change in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Kolemen Safacan , Ozdemir Tugba , Lee Dayoung , Kim Gyoung Mi , Karatas Tugce , Yoon Juyoung , Akkaya Engin U. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe photodynamic therapy of cancer is contingent upon the sustained generation of singlet oxygen in the tumor region. However, tumors of the most metastatic cancer types develop a region of severe hypoxia, which puts them beyond the reach of most therapeutic protocols. More troublesome, photodynamic action generates acute hypoxia as the process itself diminishes cellular oxygen reserves, which makes it a self‐limiting method. Herein, we describe a new concept that could eventually lead to a change in the 100 year old paradigm of photodynamic therapy and potentially offer solutions to some of the lingering problems. When gold nanorods with tethered endoperoxides are irradiated at 808 nm, the endoperoxides undergo thermal cycloreversion, resulting in the generation of singlet oxygen. We demonstrate that the amount of singlet oxygen produced in this way is sufficient for triggering apoptosis in cell cultures.