bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wing patterns of ditrysian moths (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) include variants and violations of predictive models
Authors: Schachat Sandra R , Brown Richard L 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlthough the evolution of wing pattern in Lepidoptera is of great importance in various disciplines, potential wing pattern homologies have been examined in very few lineages of microlepidoptera. Psychidae belong to the most early‐diverging superfamily of ditrysian moths, and many psychid genera from Australia have wing patterns consisting of bands, spots, and/or reticulated lines. An examination of 35 species of Australian Taleporiinae (Psychidae) revealed that wing patterns most commonly conform to the ‘uniform wing‐margin’ model, in which each vein is surrounded by a pattern element of the same colour (usually dark brown) along the costal margin. Wing patterns that follow the ‘uniform wing‐margin’ model include bands, spots, and reticulated lines, suggesting that these pattern elements are homologous in some lineages. However, in patterns consisting primarily of spots (belonging to the genus Iphierga Meyrick), the spots can become smaller toward the distal portion of the wing, often disappearing altogether and thus causing an apparent violation of the predictions of the model. The wing patterns of three species clearly violate the ‘uniform wing‐margin’ model. Two of these three may conform to the ‘alternating wing‐margin’ model, though this is uncertain because some veins are not expressed in the adult wing. Lastly, the findings presented here demonstrate that for the ‘uniform wing‐margin’ model, as for the ‘alternating wing‐margin’ model, the relative colour of a series of pattern elements (dark vs. light) is not a reliable indicator of homology. Instead, homologies exist among the contrast boundaries that separate pattern elements.
Using quality improvement to decrease birth asphyxia rates after ‘Helping Babies Breathe’ training in Kenya
Authors: Rule Amy R.L. , Maina Esther , Cheruiyot David , Mueri Priscilla , Simmons Jeffrey M. , Kamath‐Rayne Beena D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThe Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) programme is known to decrease neonatal mortality in low‐resource settings but gaps in care still exist. This study describes the use of quality improvement to sustain gains in birth asphyxia‐related mortality after HBB.MethodsTenwek Hospital, a rural referral hospital in Kenya, identified high rates of birth asphyxia (BA). They developed a goal to decrease the suspected hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (SHIE) rate by 50% within six months after HBB. Rapid cycles of change were used to test interventions including training, retention and engagement for staff/trainees and improved data collection. Run charts followed the rate over time, and chi‐square analysis was used.ResultsNinety‐six providers received HBB from September to November 2014. Over 4000 delivery records were reviewed. Ten months of baseline data showed a median SHIE rate of 14.7/1000 live births (LB) with wide variability. Ten months post‐HBB, the SHIE rate decreased by 53% to 7.1/1000 LB (p = 0.01). SHIE rates increased after initial decline; investigation determined that half the trained midwives had been transferred. Presenting data to administration resulted in staff retention. Rates have after remained above goal with narrowing control limits.ConclusionFocused quality improvement can sustain and advance gains in neonatal outcomes post‐HBB training.
Randomised study showed that recorded maternal voices reduced pain in preterm infants undergoing heel lance procedures in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Chirico G , Cabano R , Villa G , Bigogno A , Ardesi M , Dioni E 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimAlleviating pain in neonates should be the goal of all caregivers. We evaluated whether recorded maternal voices were safe and effective in limiting pain in preterm infants undergoing heel lance procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit of an Italian children's hospital.MethodsThis prospective, controlled study took place from December 2013 to December 2015. We enrolled 40 preterm infants, born at a 26–34 weeks of gestation, at a corrected gestational age 29–36 weeks and randomised them to listen or not listen to a recording of their mother's voice during a painful, routine heel lance for blood collection. Changes in the infants’ Premature Infant Pain Profile, heart rate, oxygen saturation and blood pressure during the procedure were compared by analysis of variance. Possible side effects, of apnoea, bradycardia, seizures and vomiting, were also recorded.ResultsBoth groups showed a marked increase in PIPP scores and decrease in oxygen saturation during the procedure, but infants in the treatment group had significantly lower PIPP scores (p = 0.00002) and lower decreases in oxygen saturation (p = 0.0283). No significant side effects were observed.ConclusionUsing recorded maternal voices to limit pain in preterm infants undergoing heel lance procedures appeared safe and effective.
Exercise training increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density by enlargement of existing mitochondria and not de novo biogenesis
Authors: Meinild Lundby A.‐K. , Jacobs R. A. , Gehrig S. , de Leur J. , Hauser M. , Bonne T. C. , Flück D. , Dandanell S. , Kirk N. , Kaech A. , Ziegler U. , Larsen S. , Lundby C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAims(i) To determine whether exercise‐induced increases in muscle mitochondrial volume density (MitoVD) are related to enlargement of existing mitochondria or de novo biogenesis and (ii) to establish whether measures of mitochondrial‐specific enzymatic activities are valid biomarkers for exercise‐induced increases in MitoVD.MethodSkeletal muscle samples were collected from 21 healthy males prior to and following 6 weeks of endurance training. Transmission electron microscopy was used for the estimation of mitochondrial densities and profiles. Biochemical assays, western blotting and high‐resolution respirometry were applied to detect changes in specific mitochondrial functions.ResultMitoVD increased with 55 ± 9% (P < 0.001), whereas the number of mitochondrial profiles per area of skeletal muscle remained unchanged following training. Citrate synthase activity (CS) increased (44 ± 12%, P < 0.001); however, there were no functional changes in oxidative phosphorylation capacity (OXPHOS, CI+IIP) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity. Correlations were found between MitoVD and CS (P = 0.01; r = 0.58), OXPHOS, CI+CIIP (P = 0.01; R = 0.58) and COX (P = 0.02; R = 0.52) before training; after training, a correlation was found between MitoVD and CS activity only (P = 0.04; R = 0.49). Intrinsic respiratory capacities decreased (P < 0.05) with training when respiration was normalized to MitoVD. This was not the case when normalized to CS activity although the percentage change was comparable.ConclusionsMitoVD was increased by inducing mitochondrial enlargement rather than de novo biogenesis. CS activity may be appropriate to track training‐induced changes in MitoVD.
Prevalence and strong association of high somatic symptom severity with depression and anxiety in a Chinese inpatient population
Authors: Wang Jian , Guo Wan‐Jun , Mo Li‐Ling , Luo Shan‐Xia , Yu Jian‐Ying , Dong Zai‐Quan , Liu Yang , Huang Ming‐Jin , Wang Yu , Chen Liang , He Ning , Chen Ran , Zhang Lan , Li Tao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of the high somatic symptom severity (HSSS) and its associations with sociodemographic factors, depression, and anxiety has not been surveyed in inpatient populations at general hospitals.MethodsA sample including 1329 inpatients in a Chinese general hospital was surveyed using Chinese version of 15‐item patient health questionnaire (PHQ‐15), 9‐item patient health questionnaire, and generalized anxiety disorder 7‐item scale.ResultsA total of 27.8% (n = 369) of the participants had HSSS (PHQ‐15 ≥ 10). The multivariate regression showed that HSSS was significantly associated with depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.219), anxiety (aOR, 5.810), or depression or anxiety (aOR, 5.338) but neither with sex, age, marital status, education status, household income, nor 7 kinds of physical disease systems.DiscussionThe symptom profile and high prevalence of HSSS, and its association with clinically significant depression and anxiety in this inpatient population were mostly consistent to that documented by studies in other populations.
Learning collocations: Effects of online tools on teaching English adjective‐noun collocations
Authors: Basal Ahmet 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCollocations are word combinations essential for achieving fluency in a given language. Considerable emphasis should therefore be placed on teaching collocations as a part of vocabulary instruction in language teaching. However, there is no current consensus on how best to teach collocations, and few studies have addressed the issue. This quasi‐experimental study investigated the effectiveness of online tools for learning English adjective‐noun collocations compared to learning collocations via traditional activities. A quasi‐experimental design with a pretest and immediate and delayed posttests was applied to 53 participants (n = 25 for the control group;n = 28 for the experimental group). The test results reveal that participants in the experimental group who learned collocations with online tools performed significantly better on both immediate and delayed posttests, demonstrating the effectiveness of these tools on learning adjective‐noun collocations.
Natural history of ‘second’ biochemical failure after salvage radiation therapy for prostate cancer: a multi‐institution study
Authors: Tumati Vasu , Jackson William C. , Abugharib Ahmed E. , Raj Ganesh , Roehrborn Claus , Lotan Yair , Courtney Kevin , Bagrodia Aditya , Gahan Jeffrey C. , Zumsteg Zachary S. , Folkert Michael R. , Laine Aaron M. , Hannan Raquibul , Spratt Daniel E. , Desai Neil B. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo describe the natural history of prostate cancer in men who experience a second biochemical recurrence (BCR) after salvage radiotherapy (SRT) after prostatectomy.Patients and MethodsAfter undergoing SRT at one of two institutions between 1986 and 2013, 286 patients experienced a second BCR, defined as two rises in prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) of ≥0.2 ng/mL above nadir. Event rates for distant metastasis (DM) or freedom from DM (FFDM), castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), prostate cancer‐specific survival (PCSS), and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression was used for comparative analyses.ResultsAt a median of 6.1 years after second BCR, DM, CRPC, PCSS and OS rates were 41%, 27%, 83% and 73%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, interval to second BCR <1 year (hazard ratio [HR] 2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71–4.14; P < 0.001], Gleason score 8–10 (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.07–2.54; P = 0.022), and concurrent ADT during SRT (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.08–2.88; P = 0.024) were associated with FFDM, while PCSS was associated with interval to second BCR <1 year (HR 3.00, 95% CI 1.69–5.32; P < 0.001) and concurrent ADT during SRT (HR 2.15, CI 1.13–4.08; P = 0.019). These risk factors were used to stratify patients into three groups, with 6‐year FFDM rates of 71%, 59% and 33%, and PCSS rates of 89%, 79%, and 65%, respectively.ConclusionFollowing second BCR after SRT, clinical progression is enriched in a subgroup of patients with prostate cancer, while others remain without DM for long intervals. Stratifying patients into risk groups using prognostic factors may aid counselling and future trial design.
Phase II study of intrabone single unit cord blood transplantation for hematological malignancies
Authors: Murata Makoto , Maeda Yoshinobu , Masuko Masayoshi , Onishi Yasushi , Endo Tomoyuki , Terakura Seitaro , Ishikawa Yuichi , Iriyama Chisako , Ushijima Yoko , Goto Tatsunori , Fujii Nobuharu , Tanimoto Mitsune , Kobayashi Hironori , Shibasaki Yasuhiko , Fukuhara Noriko , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Suzuki Ritsuro , Kodera Yoshihisa , Matsushita Tadashi , Kiyoi Hitoshi , Naoe Tomoki , Nishida Tetsuya 
Published: June 2017

The outcomes of cord blood transplantation with non‐irradiated reduced‐intensity conditioning for hematological malignancies need to be improved because of graft failure and delayed engraftment. Intrabone infusion of cord blood cells has the potential to resolve the problems. In this phase II study, 21 adult patients with hematological malignancy received intrabone transplantation of serological HLA‐A, B, and DR ≥4/6 matched single cord blood with a median number of cryopreserved total nucleated cells of 2.7 × 107/kg (range, 2.0–4.9 × 107/kg) following non‐irradiated fludarabine‐based reduced‐intensity conditioning. Short‐term methotrexate and tacrolimus were given as graft‐versus‐host disease prophylaxis, and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor was given after transplantation. No severe adverse events related to intrabone injection were observed. The cumulative incidences of neutrophils ≥0.5 × 109/L, reticulocytes ≥1%, and platelets ≥20 × 109/L recoveries were 76.2%, 71.4%, and 76.2%, respectively, with median time to recoveries of 17, 28, and 32 days after transplantation, respectively. The probability of survival with neutrophil engraftment on day 60 was 71.4%, and overall survival at 1 year after transplantation was 52.4%. The incidences of grade II–IV and III–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease were 44% and 19%, respectively, with no cases of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. The present study showed the safety of direct intrabone infusion of cord blood. Further analysis is required to confirm the efficacy of intrabone single cord blood transplantation with non‐irradiated reduced‐intensity conditioning for adult patients with hematological malignancy. This study was registered with UMIN‐CTR, number 000000865.
Novel furan‐containing peptide‐based inhibitors of protein arginine deiminase type IV (PAD4)
Authors: Teo Chian Ying , Tejo Bimo A. , Leow Adam Thean Chor , Salleh Abu Bakar , Abdul Rahman Mohd Basyaruddin 
Published: June 2017

Protein arginine deiminase type IV (PAD4) is responsible for the posttranslational conversion of peptidylarginine to peptidylcitrulline. Citrullinated protein is the autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis, and therefore, PAD4 is currently a promising therapeutic target for the disease. Recently, we reported the importance of the furan ring in the structure of PAD4 inhibitors. In this study, the furan ring was incorporated into peptides to act as the “warhead” of the inhibitors for PAD4. IC50 studies showed that the furan‐containing peptide‐based inhibitors were able to inhibit PAD4 to a better extent than the furan‐containing small molecules that were previously reported. The best peptide‐based inhibitor inhibited PAD4 reversibly and competitively with an IC50 value of 243.2 ± 2.4 μm. NMR spectroscopy and NMR‐restrained molecular dynamic simulations revealed that the peptide‐based inhibitor had a random structure. Molecular docking studies showed that the peptide‐based inhibitor entered the binding site and interacted with the essential amino acids involved in the catalytic activity. The peptide‐based inhibitor could be further developed into a therapeutic drug for rheumatoid arthritis.
Marine alkaloid oroidin analogues with antiviral potential: A novel class of synthetic compounds targeting the cellular chaperone Hsp90
Authors: Lillsunde Katja‐Emilia , Tomašič Tihomir , Kikelj Danijel , Tammela Päivi 
Published: June 2017

Marine organisms and their metabolites are a diverse source of scaffolds for potential pharmacological molecular probes and, less frequently, for pharmaceutical lead compounds. In this study, 157 synthetic analogues of marine sponge‐derived alkaloids clathrodin and oroidin were screened against replicon models of two RNA viruses, hepatitis C (HCV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) as part of a larger screening project. Four compounds were found to selectively inhibit the HCV replicon (IC50 1.6–4.6 μm). These belong to the 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[1,2‐d]thiazole class of compounds originally designed to target the ATP‐binding site of bacterial DNA gyrase. The ATP‐binding site of this bacterial protein has high structural similarity to the ATP‐binding site of heat‐shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a host cell chaperone universally required for viral replication, which led us to examine inhibition of Hsp90 as the compounds’ potential mechanism of action. Binding of the four hit compounds to Hsp90 was evaluated through microscale thermophoresis and molecular modeling, which supported our hypothesis of interaction with Hsp90 (Kd 18–79 μm) as basis for the compounds’ antiviral activity. The presented novel structural class of small molecules that target the Hsp90 ATP‐binding site has excellent potential for further antiviral drug development because of the compounds’ low toxicity and synthetic accessibility.
Cross‐sectional association between testosterone, sex hormone‐binding globulin and metabolic syndrome: The Healthy Twin Study
Authors: Moon Heesun , Choi Inyoung , Kim Somi , Ko Hyeonyoung , Shin Jinyoung , Lee Kayoung , Sung Joohon , Song Yun‐Mi 
Published: June 2017

SummaryObjectivesThis study evaluated an association between testosterone, sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) and metabolic syndrome (MetS).We also evaluated the genetic and environmental influences on the association.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingCommunity‐based study.ParticipantsA total of 1098 Korean adult men including 139 monozygotic twin pairs.Main Outcome MeasureMetS was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program‐Third Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The associations between MetS and sex hormones were evaluated using linear mixed model and generalized estimating equation model.ResultsAfter considering covariates such as smoking, alcohol consumption and physical exercises as well as SHBG or testosterone, the risk of MetS defined by NCEP ATP III criteria decreased by 31%, 29%, and 48%, respectively, with 1‐standard deviation increase in total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (cFT) and SHBG. Similar findings were revealed with IDF criteria. Metabolic component specific analysis showed that sex hormones were inversely associated with several components of MetS: TT with abdominal obesity, low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and high blood pressure; cFT with abdominal obesity and high blood pressure; SHBG with all components except high blood pressure. Cotwin control analysis found an inverse correlation between within‐pair differences in testosterone and SHBG levels and within‐pair differences in waist circumference only.ConclusionBoth testosterone and SHBG were inversely associated with MetS although the inverse associations with the sex hormones were not consistently found across individual metabolic components. Findings from cotwin analysis suggest a significant contribution of unshared unique environmental effect to the association between testosterone and SHBG and abdominal obesity.
A prospective randomized controlled trial of two‐window versus solo‐window technique by lateral sinus floor elevation in atrophic posterior maxilla: Results from a 1‐year observational phase
Authors: Yu Huajie , Qiu Lixin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundImplant failures are more common when multiple missing posterior teeth need lateral sinus floor elevation owing to inadequate tissue maturation after grafting. Effects of lateral window dimensions on vital bone formation have rarely been compared.PurposeTo compare endo‐sinus bone formation between two‐ and solo‐window techniques to rehabilitate multiple missing posterior teeth that need substantial augmentation.Methods and materialsPatients with severely atrophic posterior maxilla were randomized to receive lateral sinus floor elevation via solo or two bony windows. Bone core specimens harvested from lateral aspect of the augmentation sites were histomorphometrically analyzed. Proportions of mineralized bone (MB), bone substitute materials (BS), and nonmineralized tissue (NMT) were quantified.ResultsTwenty‐one patients underwent 23 maxillary sinus augmentations. One patient in each group dropped out during the follow‐up period. Lateral window dimensions were 81.65 ± 4.59 and 118.04 ± 19.53 mm2 in the test and control groups, respectively. Histomorphometric analysis revealed mean MB of 42.32% ± 13.07% and 26.00% ± 15.23%, BS of 40.34% ± 9.52% and 60.03% ± 10.13%, and NMT of 18.14% ± 14.24% and 14.75% ± 10.38% in test and control groups, respectively, with significant differences.ConclusionThe two‐window technique could facilitate faster maturation and consolidation of the grafted volume and is an effective alternative for rehabilitation of severely atrophic posterior maxilla with multiple missing posterior teeth.
Weighted parsimony outperforms other methods of phylogenetic inference under models appropriate for morphology
Authors: Goloboff Pablo A. , Torres Ambrosio , Arias J. Salvador 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOne of the lasting controversies in phylogenetic inference is the degree to which specific evolutionary models should influence the choice of methods. Model‐based approaches to phylogenetic inference (likelihood, Bayesian) are defended on the premise that without explicit statistical models there is no science, and parsimony is defended on the grounds that it provides the best rationalization of the data, while refraining from assigning specific probabilities to trees or character‐state reconstructions. Authors who favour model‐based approaches often focus on the statistical properties of the methods and models themselves, but this is of only limited use in deciding the best method for phylogenetic inference—such decision also requires considering the conditions of evolution that prevail in nature. Another approach is to compare the performance of parsimony and model‐based methods in simulations, which traditionally have been used to defend the use of models of evolution for DNA sequences. Some recent papers, however, have promoted the use of model‐based approaches to phylogenetic inference for discrete morphological data as well. These papers simulated data under models already known to be unfavourable to parsimony, and modelled morphological evolution as if it evolved just like DNA, with probabilities of change for all characters changing in concert along tree branches. The present paper discusses these issues, showing that under reasonable and less restrictive models of evolution for discrete characters, equally weighted parsimony performs as well or better than model‐based methods, and that parsimony under implied weights clearly outperforms all other methods.