bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of high cost sharing and targeted therapy initiation among elderly Medicare patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Pengxiang , Wong Yu‐Ning , Jahnke Jordan , Pettit Amy R. , Doshi Jalpa A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHigh out‐of‐pocket costs may limit access to oral therapies covered by patients’ prescription drug benefits. We explored financial barriers to treatment initiation in patients newly diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) by comparing Medicare Part D patients with low out‐of‐pocket costs due to receipt of full low‐income subsidies (LIS beneficiaries) to their counterparts who were responsible for more than 25% cost sharing during Medicare's initial coverage phase (non‐LIS beneficiaries). We used 2011–2013 100% Medicare claims for non‐LIS and LIS beneficiaries newly diagnosed with metastases in the liver, lung, or bone to examine targeted therapy treatment initiation rates and time to initiation for (1) oral medications (sorafenib, sunitinib, everolimus, pazopanib, or axitinib) covered under Medicare's prescription drug benefit (Part D); (2) injected or infused medications (temsirolimus or bevacizumab) covered by Medicare's medical benefit (Part B); and (3) any (Part D or Part B) targeted therapy. The final sample included 1721 patients. On average, non‐LIS patients were responsible for out‐of‐pocket costs of ≥$2,800 for their initial oral prescription, as compared to ≤$6.60 for LIS patients. Compared to LIS patients, a lower percentage of non‐LIS patients initiated oral therapies (risk‐adjusted rates, 20.7% vs. 33.9%; odds ratio [OR] = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.36–0.67, P < 0.001) and any targeted therapies (26.7% vs. 40.4%, OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.38–0.71, P < 0.001). Non‐LIS patients were also slower to access therapy. High cost sharing was associated with reduced and/or delayed access to targeted therapies under Medicare Part D, suggesting that financial barriers play a role in treatment decisions.
Whole‐Cell Cascade Biotransformations for One‐Pot Multistep Organic Synthesis
Authors: Wu Shuke , Li Zhi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPerforming one‐pot multi‐catalysis reactions is a revolutionary tool for multistep synthesis, representing a fast‐developing theme in catalysis field. To develop cascade reactions, enzymes are ideal catalysts due to their compatible reaction conditions. The implementation of enzyme cascades in recombinant microbial cells provides easily available self‐replicating catalysts for facile one‐pot biotransformations to produce a wide range of high‐value (chiral) chemicals. In this minireview, we summarize the recent development of whole‐cell cascade biotransformations according to the types of substrates, ranging from petrochemicals to biochemicals. Furthermore, we provide general instructions for the establishment of in vivo enzyme cascades, discuss the encountered problems and the corresponding solutions, and highlight the promising directions for future advance.
Tetrahedral Nickel(II) Phosphosilicate Single‐Site Selective Propane Dehydrogenation Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Guanghui , Yang Ce , Miller Jeffrey T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSilica‐supported Ni catalysts usually show poor stability, low selectivity, and short lifetime in high‐temperature alkane dehydrogenation reactions owing to the reduction to Ni0 nanoparticles under the reaction conditions. The introduction of a phosphate ligand to silica‐supported NiII provided single‐site tetrahedral NiII phosphosilicate as a stable and selective propane dehydrogenation catalyst. The NiII−OSi bonds activate the C−H bonds of propane and make the NiII sites catalytically active, whereas the Ni−OP bonds prevent the reduction of NiII to Ni0 under the dehydrogenation conditions and help to achieve high stability and selectivity.
Stable NCNgNSi (Ng=Kr, Xe, Rn) Compounds with Covalently Bound C‐Ng‐N Unit: Possible Isomerization of NCNSi through the Release of the Noble Gas Atom
Authors: Pan Sudip , Jana Gourhari , Ravell Estefanía , Zarate Ximena , Osorio Edison , Merino Gabriel , Chattaraj Pratim K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough the noble gas (Ng) compounds with either Ng−C or Ng−N bonds have been reported in the literature, compounds containing both bonds are not known. The first set of systems having a C‐Ng‐N bonding unit is predicted herein through the analysis of stability and bonding in the NCNgNSi (Ng=Kr–Rn) family. While the Xe and Rn inserted analogues are thermochemically stable with respect to all dissociation channels, but for the one producing CNSiN and free Ng, NCKrNSi has another additional three‐body dissociation channel, NCKrNSi→CN+Kr+NSi, which is exergonic by −9.8 kcal mol−1at 298 K. This latter dissociation can be hindered by lowering the temperature. Moreover, the NCNgNSi→Ng+CNSiN dissociation is also kinetically prohibited by a quite high free energy barrier ranging from 25.2 to 39.3 kcal mol−1, with a gradual increase in going from Kr to Rn. Therefore, these compounds are appropriate candidates for experimental realization. A detailed bonding analysis by employing natural bond orbital, electron density, energy decomposition, and adaptive natural density partitioning analyses indicates that both Ng−N and C−Ng bonds in the title compounds are covalent in nature. In fact, the latter analysis indicates the presence of delocalized 3c–3e σ‐bond within the C‐Ng‐N moiety and a totally delocalized 5c–2e σ‐bond in these compounds. This is an unprecedented bonding characteristic in the sense that the bonding pattern in Ng inserted compounds is generally represented as the presence of covalent bond in one side of Ng, and the ionic interaction in the other side. Further, the dissociation of Ng from NCNgNSi facilitates the formation of a higher energy isomer of NCNSi, CNSiN, which cannot be formed from bare NCNSi as such, because of the very high free energy barrier associated with the isomeric transformation. Therefore, in the presence of Ng atoms it might be possible to detect the high energy isomer.
Porphyrin‐Based Air‐Stable Helical Radicals
Authors: Kato Kenichi , Furukawa Ko , Mori Tadashi , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStable helical radicals are promising multi‐functional molecules in light of intriguing magnetic and chiroptical properties. Attempts were made to extend diphenylmethyl‐fused NiII porphyrin radical to helical system as the first air‐stable organic neutral helical radicals. Intramolecular Pd‐catalyzed twofold C−H arylation of methyl‐ or methoxy‐introduced meso‐diphenylmethyl NiII porphyrins gave a mixture of the target and rearranged radicals. Oxidative fusion reaction of meso‐(bis(1‐naphthyl)methyl) NiII porphyrins provided doubly fused NiII porphyrin radicals. One of the helical radicals was separated into enantiomers that showed mirror‐image circular dichroism (CD) spectra up to 1300 nm. The helical dinaphthylmethyl‐fused NiII porphyrin radical displayed solid‐state magnetic property mostly arising from monomeric radicals, different from the parent diphenylmethyl‐fused NiII porphyrin radical that showed antiferromagnetic coupling due to π‐stacked pairing.
Memristor‐enhanced humanoid robot control system – Part II: Circuit theoretic model and performance analysis
Authors: Baumann D. , Ascoli A. , Tetzlaff R. , Chua L.O. , Hild M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryNeuromorphic circuits shall be considered in electronics to perform complex computing tasks in a time‐efficient and energy‐efficient fashion and to adapt their problem‐solving methodologies to changes in initial conditions and parameters. One of the key biological paradigms at the basis of their operation, allowing them to exhibit higher performance levels as compared with state‐of‐the‐art electronic systems, is the mem‐computing functionality, i.e. the capability to process and store data in the same physical location, which represents the core principle to overcome the time inefficiency of von Neumann machine architectures. With the advent of memristors, the interest in the exploitation of this principle to develop dynamic circuits for the implementation of innovative signal processing strategies has grown considerably. Here, we leverage the mem‐computing capability inherent in these devices to propose an innovative control system for motion control in a humanoid robot. In the part I paper, we introduced the paradigm theoretic foundations. In this part II manuscript, we propose circuit‐theoretic models for the new control system based upon an ideal and upon a physical memristor model and demonstrate through numerical simulations how it outperforms the old approach in terms of time‐efficiency and energy‐efficiency, maintaining a good degree of adaptability to changes in environmental conditions.
Population genetic structure of the endemic rosewoods Dalbergia cochinchinensis and D. oliveri at a regional scale reflects the Indochinese landscape and life‐history traits
Authors: Hartvig Ida , So Thea , Changtragoon Suchitra , Tran Hoa Thi , Bouamanivong Somsanith , Theilade Ida , Kjær Erik Dahl , Nielsen Lene Rostgaard 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIndochina is a biodiversity hot spot and harbors a high number of endemic species, most of which are poorly studied. This study explores the genetic structure and reproductive system of the threatened endemic timber species Dalbergia cochinchinensis and Dalbergia oliveri using microsatellite data from populations across Indochina and relates it to landscape characteristics and life‐history traits. We found that the major water bodies in the region, Mekong and Tonle Sap, represented barriers to gene flow and that higher levels of genetic diversity were found in populations in the center of the distribution area, particularly in Cambodia. We suggest that this pattern is ancient, reflecting the demographic history of the species and possible location of refugia during earlier time periods with limited forest cover, which was supported by signs of old genetic bottlenecks. The D. oliveri populations had generally high levels of genetic diversity (mean He = 0.73), but also strong genetic differentiation among populations (global GST = 0.13), while D. cochinchinensis had a moderate level of genetic diversity (mean He = 0.55), and an even stronger level of differentiation (global GST = 0.25). These differences in genetic structure can be accounted for by a higher level of gene flow in D. oliveri due to a higher dispersal capacity, but also by the broader distribution area for D. oliveri, and the pioneer characteristics of D. cochinchinensis. This study represents the first detailed analysis of landscape genetics for tree species in Indochina, and the found patterns might be common for other species with similar ecology.
Regional patterns of declining butternut (Juglans cinereaL.) suggest site characteristics for restoration
Authors: Morin Randall S. , Gottschalk Kurt W. , Ostry Michael E. , Liebhold Andrew M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractButternut trees dying from a canker disease were first reported in southwestern Wisconsin in 1967. Since then, the disease has caused extensive mortality of butternut throughout its North American range. The objectives of this study were to quantify changes in butternut populations and density across its range and identify habitat characteristics of sites where butternut is surviving in order to locate regions for potential butternut restoration. The natural range of butternut (Juglans cinereaL.) extends over a large region of eastern N. America encompassing New Brunswick south to North Carolina, north to Minnesota, and southwest to Missouri. Despite the species’ large range, it is typically not a common tree, comprising a relatively minor component of several different forest types. We evaluated change in butternut abundance and volume from current and historic data from 21 states in the eastern United States. We related abundance and volume at two time periods to a suite of ecological and site factors in order to characterize site conditions where butternut survived. We also assessed the current level of butternut mortality across its range. Since the 1980s, the number of butternut trees and butternut volume have decreased by 58% and 44%, respectively, across itsUSrange. Substantial relative decreases in tree numbers and volume occurred in most ecoregion sections. Five environmental variables were found to be significant predictors of butternut presence. The potential impacts of butternut canker are particularly acute as the canker pathogen invasion pushes a rare tree species toward extinction, at least at a local scale. Based on the results presented here, large‐diameter maple/beech/birch stands in dry, upland sites in eastern Minnesota, western Wisconsin, and upstate New York appear to offer the most favorable conditions for butternut growth and survival and thus may be the best stands for planting resistant butternut trees.
Superiority of capsaicin 8% patch versus oral pregabalin on dynamic mechanical allodynia in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain
Authors: Cruccu G. , Nurmikko T.J. , Ernault E. , Riaz F.K. , McBride W.T. , Haanpää M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundDynamic Mechanical Allodynia (DMA) is a typical symptom of neuropathic pain (NP). In a recent study, the capsaicin 8% patch was noninferior to pregabalin in overall peripheral NP relief. In this study, we report the comparison of the two treatments in relieving DMA.MethodsIn a randomized, open‐label, head‐to‐head, 8‐week study, 488 patients with peripheral NP were treated with the capsaicin 8% patch (one application) or an optimized dose of pregabalin. Assessments included the area and intensity of DMA, and the number of patients achieving complete resolution of DMA.ResultsAt baseline, 253 patients in the capsaicin 8% patch group and 235 patients in the pregabalin group had DMA. From baseline to end of study, the change in DMA intensity was significantly in favour of the capsaicin 8% patch versus pregabalin [−0.63 (95% CI: −1.04, −0.23; p = 0.002)]. Similarly, the capsaicin 8% patch was superior to pregabalin in reducing the area of DMA [−39.5 cm2 (95% CI: −69.1, −10.0; p = 0.009)] from baseline to end of study. Overall, a greater proportion of patients had a complete resolution of allodynia with capsaicin 8% patch treatment compared with pregabalin treatment (24.1% vs. 12.3%; p = 0.001) at end of study.ConclusionCapsaicin 8% treatment was superior to pregabalin in reducing the intensity and area of DMA, and in the number of patients with complete resolution of DMA.SignificanceThe superiority of a topical treatment over pregabalin in relieving DMA supports the view that both peripheral and central sensitization can mediate allodynia.
Sharing of prescription analgesics amongst patients in family practice: Frequency and associated factors
Authors: Markotic F. , Jurisic D. , Curkovic M. , Puljiz M. , Novinscak M. , Bonassin K. , Vrdoljak D. , Vojvodic Z. , Permozer Hajdarovic S. , Pekez‐Pavlisko T. , Tomicic M. , Diminic‐Lisica I. , Fabris Ivsic S. , Nejasmic D. , Miosic I. , Novak I. , Puljak L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the frequency of nonrecreational prescription analgesic sharing, associated factors and differences between lenders and borrowers.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 10 outpatient family medicine practices in Croatia amongst 1000 patients to whom their physicians have prescribed analgesics at least once in their lives. A questionnaire was used to collect data about patients’ pain intensity, prescription analgesic sharing habits, factors associated with this behaviour, perception of risks associated with the conduct and demographic data. Logistic regression was conducted to analyse independent factors associated with lending and borrowing prescription analgesics.ResultsWe found that 61% of patients in family medicine practices engage in sharing prescription analgesics, whether it was lending (42%) and/or borrowing (54%). Independent predictors of lending prescription analgesics were as follows: history of sharing prescription medication other than analgesics, providing information regarding the medication alongside the prescription medication itself, not reading package insert that accompanies medication, subjective perception of personal health and decreased awareness of personal harm associated with prescription analgesic sharing. Independent predictors of prescription analgesic borrowing were as follows: younger age, communicating details regarding the medication that was given, scanning of package insert accompanying the medication, biased subjective perception of personal health and perceiving alternative medicine as a safer option over conventional medicine.ConclusionsSharing prescription analgesics is highly prevalent amongst patients in family medicine. Healthcare providers should remain alert by routinely questioning patients regarding such behaviours. Preventive interventions should be conceived and established.SignificanceSharing of prescription analgesics is a highly prevalent behaviour amongst pain patients, and there exist independent factors associated with such conduct. This information can be useful in the design of interventions aimed at mitigating analgesic sharing behaviour in the future.
Identifying slope processes over time and their imprint in soils of medium‐high mountains of Central Europe (the Karkonosze Mountains, Poland)
Authors: Waroszewski Jaroslaw , Egli Markus , Brandová Dagmar , Christl Marcus , Kabala Cezary , Malkiewicz Malgorzata , Kierczak Jakub , Glina Bartłomiej , Jezierski Paweł 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSoils in mountainous areas are often polygenetic, developed in slope covers that relate to glacial and periglacial activities of the Pleistocene and Holocene and reflect climatic variations. Landscape development during the Holocene may have been influenced by erosion/solifluction that often started after the Holocene climatic optimum. To trace back soil evolution and its timing, we applied a multi‐methodological approach. This approach helped us to outline scenario of soil transformation. According to our results, some aeolian input must have occurred in the late Pleistocene. During that time and the early Holocene, the soils most likely had features of Cryosols or Leptosols. Physico‐chemical and mineralogical analyses have indicated that the material was denudated (between late Boreal to the Atlantic) from the ridge and upper‐slope positions forming a colluvium at mid‐slope positions. Later, during the Sub‐Boreal, mass wasting of the remains of silt material deposited at the end of the Pleistocene age on the ridge top seems to have occurred. In addition, the cool and moist conditions caused the deposition of a colluvium at the lower‐slope positions. The next phase was characterized by the transformation of Leptosols/Cambisols into Podzols at upper‐slope or shoulder positions and to Albic Cambisols at mid‐slope positions. During the Sub‐Boreal period, Stagnosols started to form at the lower part of the slope catena. Overall, the highest erosion rates were calculated at the upper‐slope position and the lowest rates at mid‐slope sites. Berylium‐10 (10Be) data showed that the Bs, BC/C were covered during the Holocene by a colluvium with a different geological composition which complicated the calculation of erosion or accumulation rates. The interpretation of erosion and accumulation rates in such multi‐layered materials may, therefore, be hampered. However, the multi‐methodological reconstruction we applied shed light on the soil and landscape evolution of the eastern Karkonosze Mountains. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of edible chitosan film enriched with anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) essential oil on shelf life and quality of the chicken burger
Authors: Mahdavi Vahid , Hosseini Seyed Ebrahim , Sharifan Anousheh 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, the effect of chitosan film (CF) with different concentrations of anise essential oil AEO (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%) on the quality of chicken burger during chilled storage (4 + 1°C) were examined over a period of 12 days. For this purpose, at the first, the physical and mechanical properties of the produced films were studied. Then, the chicken burger was covered with the produced films. Different treatment were analyzed by biochemical properties such as moisture and thiobarbituric acid, bacteriological properties such as total viable counts and total psychrotrophic counts, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The results of this study showed that adding AEO improved the properties of CF, the moisture, solubility, and water vapor permeability decreased in these films. By increasing the concentration of AEO the tensile strength and elasticity of film were increased. CF with AEO, delayed lipid oxidation in chicken burger and improved the chemical properties of chicken burger. Also, microbial spoilage in these samples decreased significantly (p < .05) compared to the control sample. AEO at 2% in all experiments had better results than other treatments (p < .05), and the AEO (1.5% and 2%) had acceptable biochemical, bacteriological attributes up to end of storage, and these treatments could reduce the population of pathogen bacteria below the acceptable level from day 3 until the end of the storage period. Sensory score of the treatment containing AEO at 1.5% was higher than the sensory score of AEO at 2%. Overall, the results of this study showed that the use of CF with AEO as a natural preservative increased the shelf life of meat products. Considering the relatively similar anti‐oxidation and antimicrobial effect of AEO at 1.5 and 2% and also economic aspects, optimum dose for AEO could be 1.5% in the film.
Assessing the influence of music on wine perception among wine professionals
Authors: Wang Qian (Janice) , Spence Charles 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSeveral recent studies have demonstrated that music can significantly influence the eating/drinking experience. It is not clear, however, whether this influence would be moderated by the expertise of the taster. In the experiments reported here, we tested a large group (N = 154) of very experienced wine tasters—the majority of whom were professionals working in the wine business—at a winemaking conference. The first study assessed the impact of putatively “sweet” and “sour” soundtracks on taste evaluation, whereas the second study assessed more subtle wine‐specific terminology such as length, balance, and body. The results revealed that the effect of music on wine perception can indeed be demonstrated in wine experts. Moreover, the amount of wine tasting experience, as measured in years, did not moderate the influence of music on sensory and hedonic wine evaluation. This result suggests that the aforementioned auditory modulation of drinking experience is not influenced by the increased analytical abilities afforded by traditional wine tasting expertise.
ÖBB Infrastructure as a driver of innovation – Perspectives on digitisation and automation in railway infrastructure
Authors: Petraschek Thomas , Walter Michael , Haberler‐Weber Michaela 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMobility is a basic need for people and society, so the steady growth of transport need will continue. The railway system is always in competition with other modes of transport and therefore has to improve productivity – within European and national requirements and specifications. The demands and wishes of customers are also changing; issues like industry 4.0, climate change, energy efficiency or digitisation are increasingly significant.ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG is responsible for planning, building and operating the railway infrastructure in Austria. Current trends like digitisation and automation can show the way for the further strategic orientation. Innovation in all areas of the railway system is necessary to reach the focused goals. This can be obtained by participation in European or national research projects or by specific research on current issues. Digitisation, big data, visualisation and automation are promising solutions for the identified fields of activity.