bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent distribution of Echinodermata species in Spitsbergen coastal waters
Authors: Deja Kajetan , Węsławski Jan Marcin , Borszcz Tomasz , Włodarska-Kowalczuk Maria , Kukliński Piotr , Bałazy Piotr , Kwiatkowska Patrycja 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Thirty-two species of echinoderms from epibenthic sledges, dredges, scuba diving, and other samples (in total: 467 samples and c. 20 000 specimens) from fjords and coastal waters off Spitsbergen were analysed between 1996 and 2014. The most numerous group of echinoderms in the coastal waters off Spitsbergen is brittle stars (78% of the total individuals). The echinoderms do not form any clear assemblages according to depth or distance from glacial sedimentation and substrate. Some species prefer hard bottom (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) or water free from glacial suspensions (Ophiopholis aculeata). In contrast to the species listed above, we also found opportunistic species such as the starfish Urasterias lincki and the brittle star Ophiocten sericeum. These two species are distributed quite uniformly, regardless of the environmental factors. The majority of the species prefer a soft bottom below 200 m.
Valorization of banana peel: a biorefinery approach
Authors: Pathak Pranav D. , Mandavgane Sachin A. , Kulkarni Bhaskar D. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Banana peel (BP) is an agrowaste produced in large volumes annually, especially by food-processing industries; however, its disposal is of significant concern. However, recent research suggests that BP is a valuable source of bioactive compounds, which can be converted into value-added products. This article reviews the conversion process of value-added products from BP and provides an outline on the chemical composition of BP and its possible applications. In addition, we also discuss the utilization of BP as a substrate to produce animal feed, biofertilizer, dietary fibers, clean energy, industrial enzymes, as well as its use in the synthesis of nanomaterials. Based on the research conducted so far, it is obvious that BP has a wide variety of applications, and thus, developing a biorefinery approach to adequately utilize BP will help realize its economic benefits to the fullest. Based on the valorization of BP, a scheme for BP biorefinery has been proposed. A material balance for BP biorefinery for 1-ton bone-dry BP is presented and our results show that 432 kg of protein or 170 kg of citric acid, 170 kg of pectin, 325 m3 of ethanol, and 220 m3 of methane can be produced.
Comparing quartz silt surface microstructures in two sandy soils in young-glacial landscape of northern Poland
Authors: Jonczak Jerzy , Degórski Marek , Kruczkowska Bogusława 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe studies on quartz silt surface microstructures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed in Brunic Arenosol and Gleyic Ortsteinic Podzol, as major components of soil cover of the lower supra-flood terrace of the Słupia River, N Poland. Brunic Arenosols have developed from coarse- and medium-grained fluvioglacial sands, whereas Podzols from aeolian sands of mid-Holocene age, which in some places were covered with younger aeolian deposits. A group of at least 100 randomly selected grains from each soil horizon have been analyzed. The grains were classified into one of the following groups: fresh (type A), grains with the features of chemical weathering (type B), grains coated with scaly-grain incrustations (type C), grains coated with bulbous incrustations (type D), and cracked grains (type E). Parent materials of the investigated soils did not differ significantly in terms of contribution of grain types and type C predominated in both soils. Significant differences were noted in soil solums. Grains covered by scaly-grained incrustations predominated in Brunic Arenosol, which constituted 62–89%. In the profile of Gleyic Ortsteinic Podzol grains type B predominated in AE and E horizons (65–82%), whereas in the remaining horizons grains type C (54–77%).
Economic effects of tourism and its influencing factors
Authors: Mayer Marius , Vogt Luisa 
Published: December 2016

ZusammenfassungZahlreiche Studien belegen die ökonomische Bedeutung des Tourismus, die mit Hilfe verschiedener theoretischer Konzepte und Methodenansätze analysiert werden kann. Dieser Einführungsbeitrag in das Themenheft gibt einen Überblick über die unterschiedlichen Konzepte zu den wirtschaftlichen Wirkungen des Tourismus und arbeitet deren wichtigste Einflussfaktoren heraus. Häufig werden der räumliche Maßstab sowie die Kostenseite des Tourismus übersehen. Besonderes Augenmerk richtet der vorliegende Beitrag auf einen weiteren, entscheidenden Einflussfaktor ökonomischer Effekte, die Besucherausgaben. Die Rolle des Ausgabeverhaltens der Besucher wird unter Rückgriff auf einen umfassenden Literaturüberblick vorgestellt. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, auf verallgemeinerbare und systematische Weise die wichtigsten Treiber des Ausgabeverhaltens von Besuchern zu identifizieren.
Caribe de Esteban Ramírez, una excusa visual para la marginalización del afrocostarricense
Authors: Solano Moraga Leonardo 
Published: December 2016

En las últimas décadas, el espacio caribeño y la figura del afrocostarricense se han convertido en germen propulsor creativo que bien se podría interpretar como una celebración de los símbolos de un espacio y etnicidad oprimidos. Sin embargo, una lectura detallada muestra que sus propuestas podrían no pasar de lo anecdótico, estereotípico y exótico. Esta supuesta inserción del Caribe y los sujetos afrocostarricenses logran más bien, marginar y eliminar cualquier posibilidad deinserción, así como consolidar los discursos hegemónicos tradicionales, en los que se refuerza un nacionalismo del Valle Central, presentando los otros espacios como ajenos. Bajo esta impronta se inscribe Caribe (2004) de Esteban Ramírez. Este filme muestra al Caribe como un espacio exótico en donde los sujetos que conviven no pasan de ser forasteros, foráneos a cualquier discurso nacional verdadero e inclusivo. El ensayo reflexiona cómo a través de la introducción del Caribe y los sujetos afrocostarricenses, dentro de una problemática que les involucre como parte de la patria y una disyuntiva del Caribe como idilio o barbarie, reconstruye un sentido de exotismo que demuestra una contemporaneidad fragmentada. Es mediante una fetichización de la imagen del Caribe lo que permite que las líneas de la hegemonía relacionadas con el debate de la etnicidad y la identidad nacional sean reposicionadas para crear lo que el crítico Jerome Branche (1999) llama “nuevo consensus o ‘definición’ de la realidad, dirigida en última instancia a mantener el status quo” de la clase dominante.
Representaciones culturales de América Latina y Caribe un análisis de La música en Cuba de Alejo Carpentier
Authors: Pontes Renata 
Published: December 2016

En este análisis de La música en Cuba (1946), de Alejo Carpentier, discutimos la inclusión del afrocubanismo en la conformación de la música y la cultura cubana, en conexión con los debates del nacionalismo y del vanguardismo. Tanto en este libro como en la literatura de Carpentier resuena su visión del tiempo y el concepto de lo real maravilloso, relacionados con la «autenticidad» de América Latina. Al mismo tiempo, su posición sobre las tareas del escritor latinoamericano gana acento particular cuando la música se convierte en el principal elemento para forjar la nacionalidad. Esta obra, que propone el arte musical como la clave de la «originalidad» de la cultura cubana, también permite analizar el papel que cumplen los intelectuales, en una época en que la literatura “asumía un puesto central dentro de las fuerzas componentes de la cultura del país o de la región” (Ángel Rama, 1985).
En torno al campo literario afrohispanoamericano
Authors: Valero Silvia 
Published: December 2016

Aunque la presencia de subjetividades negras no es nueva en la literatura latinoamericana, el campo no había adquirido la fuerza ni la recurrencia utópica que ha logrado en los últimos quince años. Esto se articula con el avasallante movimiento socio-político ‘afrodescendiente’ –categoría identitaria consensuada en el año 2000–, que ha creado una retórica desde la antropología, la sociología, el campo jurídico, etc. que también ha permeado el discurso literario. Propongo en este artículo que la racialización positiva y desde debajo, es decir, desde los mismos sectores subalternizados, de los últimos años, ha provocado una retórica estimulante de un “deber ser” afrodescendiente que se reitera a lo largo de la obra, no solo ficcional, sino también de cierto sector de la crítica. Este trabajo intenta problematizar la fuerza con que la retórica de las producciones de identidad afrodescendiente ha ingresado en la crítica literaria hispanoamericana de los últimos años provocando, en algunos casos, lecturas generalizadoras y racializadas que naturalizanla idea de pre-existencia y transhistoricidad de un ‘ser afro’.
Compaction and Collapse Characteristics of Dune Sand Stabilized with Lime-Silica Fume Mix
Authors: Fattah Mohammed Y. , Joni Hasan H. , Al-Dulaimy Ahmed S. A. 
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this research is to assess the suitability of dune sands as construction materials. Moreover, such a goal is considered beneficial in determining appropriate methods for soil stabilization or ground improvement and to assessing the suitability of dune sands as subgrade layer for carrying roads and rail foundation. Dune sand samples were collected from a region in Baiji area in Salah-Aldeen governorate, North of Iraq. A grey-colored densified silica fume (SF) and lime (L) are used. Three percentages are used for lime (3%, 6%, and 9%), and four rates are used for silica fume (3%, 6%, 9% and 12%) and the maximum percentage of silica fume is mixed with the proportions of lime. Unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) on compacted dune sands treated dune sands with L-SF by mixing and cured for one day. The increasing in CBR ranged between 443 – 707% at 2.54 mm penetration and 345 – 410% at 5.08 mm penetration. ResumenEl propósito de esta investigación es evaluar el uso de arena de dunas como materiales de construcción. Además, este objetivo permite determinar los métodos apropiados para la estabilización del suelo, el mejoramiento del terreno y la evaluación de pertinencia de la arena de dunas en capas subbase para carreteras y cimientos férreos. Se recolectaron muestras de arena de dunas en el área de Baiji, del comisionado Salah-Aldeen, al norte de Irak. Se utilizó vapor de óxido de silicio (SF, en inglés), grisáceo y densificado, y óxido de calcio (L). Se utilizaron tres porcentajes para el óxido de calcio (3 %, 6 % y 9 %), y cuatro para el óxido de silicio (3 %, 6 %, 9% y 12%) y el máximo porcentaje del óxido de silicio se mezcló con las proporciones de óxido de calcio. Se realizó en seco el Ensayo de Relación de Soporte de California (del inglés California Bearing Ratio, CBR) en arena de dunas compactada y tratada con la mezcla L-SF curada durante un día. El incremento en el ensayo CBR osciló entre 443-707 % en la penetración de 2.5 mm y 345-410 % en la penetración de 5.08 mm.
Study of distribution of remaining oil in West Block of the Third District in North Saertu
Authors: Wei Huabin , Zhu Huanlai , Shi Shangming , Yang Xinliang , Zhang Jingjun , Wang Jian , Ashraf Muhammad Aqeel 
Published: December 2016

Identifying remaining oil distribution is an essential study at the Third District in North Saertu of the West Block in Daqing Oilfield. This field is known as a flooding fine potential tapping demonstration zone, characterized by a long-developing history and complex well history. Based on tectonic features and sedimentary characteristics of the study area, the methods of facies controlled reservoir 3D geological modeling and numerical simulation are used in the process of establishing the geological 3D static model. In this paper, we summarized the causes and distribution law of remaining oil in the study area by using the method of fine reservoir numerical simulation to provide a reliable basis for the development and adjustment of the oil field. In combination with fine exploration such as water drive fracturing, water plugging, reperforating and injection-production segment, the recoverable reserves recovery rate could be effectively increased. Estudio de la distribución del remanente de petróleo en el bloque oriental del tercer distrito, en el norte de Sartu, China ResumenLa identificación de la distribución del remanente de petróleo es un estudio esencial en el tercer distrito del norte de Sartu, que corresponde al bloque occidental del campo petrolífero de Daqing. Este campo es conocido como una zona ejemplar para aprovechar el potencial de explotación por inundación y que se caracteriza por una historia compleja y de largo desarrollo de sus pozos. Con base a las características tectónicas y sedimentarias del área de estudio se utlilizaron los métodos de modelado geológico 3D en depósitos con facies controladas y la simulación numérica en el proceso de establecer el modelo geológico 3D estático. En este artículo se establecen las causas y la ley distributiva del remanente de petróleo en el área de estudio a través del método de simulación numérica de depósitos de alta resolución que provea una base fiable para el desarrollo y ajuste del campo petrolero. Con la combinación de métodos de exploración como la fractura dirigida con agua, taponamiento acuático, reperforación y segmentos de inyección-producción, el índice de recuperación de reservas podría incrementar efectivamente.
Evaluation of Single Layer Hafnium Nitride Coated Tool for Metal Cutting
Authors: Navarro Devia John Henry , Chaparro Willian Aperador , Lizarazo Jairo Cortes 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of coatings is to increase the lifetime of cutting tools, to perform continuous and economical material removal process, reducing the frequency of sharpening or replacement of the tool, which contributes to increase quality of product. Therefore, hafnium nitride (HfN) single layer coatings were deposited on High-speed steel by Magnetron Sputtering physical vapour deposition (PVD). The machining on AISI 1020 steel samples were carried out in a computer numerical control (CNC) machine, using coated and uncoated tools, the temperature of the different components were measured (steel bar and tool), due to continuous temperature measurement help to predict tool wear and the quality of finished piece [1] . In order to evaluate wear resistance and performance, not only temperature data were compared, the tool wear morphological analysis for flank wear was carried using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and work pieces roughness were checked through their surfaces in an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). In most of the parameters evaluated differences between the tools were identified, and results reveals that on HfN coating, occurs less wear, due the proportionality between the energy transfer and the tool deterioration, also the coating improves surface finish of the machined part; all of them are reflected in changes on process temperatures. The use of single layer HfN coating on cutting tools could increase their lifetime, improve the quality of the work piece, and even reduce process time and cost.
Natural Gas Industry: Materials and Corrosion
Authors: Salinas R. , So A. , Valdez B. , Schorr M. , Bastidas J. M. , Carrillo M. , Alvarez L. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTCorrosion is a worldwide, crucial problem that strongly affects natural and industrial environments, in particular the oil and gas industry. Natural gas (NG) is a source of energy in industrial, residential, commercial and electric applications. The abundance of NG in many countries augurs a profitable situation for the vast energy industry. NG is considered friendlier to the environment and with lesser greenhouse gas emissions as compared with other fossil fuels. In the last years, shale gas is increasingly exploited in U.S. and Europe, applying a hydraulic fracturing technique, for releasing gas from the bed rock by injection of saline water, acidic chemicals and sand to the wells. Various critical sectors of the NG industry infrastructure suffer from several types of corrosion: steel casings of production wells and their drilling equipment; gas conveying pipelines including pumps and valves; plants for regasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and municipal networks of NG distribution to the consumers. Practical technologies that minimize or prevent corrosion include selection of corrosion resistant engineering materials, cathodic protection, corrosion inhibitors, and application of external and internal paints, coatings and linings. Mexico is undergoing an intense reform process of the energy sector, that involves its oil, NG and electricity industries. Typical cases of corrosion management in the NG industry are presented based on the authors experience and knowledge.
The Corrosion Performance Of Metals In An Experimental Biodiesel Vehicle Motor
Authors: Montero G. , Valdez B. , Coronado M. , Schorr M. , Eliezer A. , García C. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to assess the corrosion and degradation effects of a biofuel on metallic materials tested in an experimental internal combustion engine (ICE). Biodiesel is considered as an alternative fuel for diesel, for industrial applications ranging from boilers to ICE. The experimental vehicle motor, fitted with carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys was operated with local biodiesel. The corrosion performance was evaluated by gravimetric, chemical and electrochemical techniques, following the practices recommended in ASTM and NACE standards for corrosion testing. This work is the result of an international cooperation between the Institute of Engineering, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexico and the Corrosion Research Center, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Israel. The characteristics and conditions of the ICE operated with biodiesel, and the results of the corrosion essays are presented, analyzed and discussed.
TUJUAN DAN MANFAAT PERJANJIAN PERKAWINAN
Authors: Faradz Haedah 
Published: December 2016

Societal perception which still consider dim towards Marriage Agreement makes Marriage Agreement seldom doing by layman. This case happens because Marriage Agreement considers does not ethic, and even does not fit with oriental custom. Actually Law No.1 Year 1974 concerning Marriage law has not yet cleared to arrange Marriage Agreement, it only declares that both parties that is husband and wife, article 29 Law No.1 Year 1974 mentioned above can conclude that inscribed Agreement which mentioned is Marriage Agreement. In fact Marriage Agreement carries a nice purpose and profit, because it is a preventive action to simplify distribution of their property. Kata kunci: Perkawinan dan perjanjian
MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE TREATIES (MLATs) SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PEMBERANTASAN KEJAHATAN INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Indriati Noer 
Published: December 2016

International contractual law is an order which must respect and adhered by pertinent of the parties in agreement. The formal and informal relation between the citizen or corporate have very intensively. International badness which pass boundaries jurisdiction of the state have increase in the form which is sophisticated and the frequency which progressively often. Because of international badness which have more progressively is needed cooperation between the state which it is more coordinated as straightening of law. Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATS) emerge because eradication of insufficient badness upheld by agreement of extradition. Form of Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATS) have agreed on, for example United Nations Convention Against Corruption Year 2003, United nations Conventions Against Transnational Organized Crime Year 2000. While in the level of ASEAN, Treaty Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters year 2004. Kata kunci: kejahatan internasional, perjanjian internasional
PROFESIONALISME POLISI DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM
Authors: Raharjo Agus , Angkasa Angkasa 
Published: December 2016

Violence is often done by police in the investigation to get a confession the suspect. This behavior has become a habit that can be referenced from various research results, which are caused by lack of supervisory agency investigation, an incomplete legal instruments, the protection of the institution, and the unprofessional attitude of the police. This situation causes no chance to fight for a suspect his rights and the perpetrators of violence inaccessible. Professionalism associated with standardized moral issues into the code of conduct, and any violation of ethics code indicates a problem in the body of moral police. There should be a moral improvement in the investigator for investigation can take place properly and correctly according to expectations. Key words: police violence, investigation, criminal justice system, code of conduct
DAMPAK HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL YANG BERSIFAT KAPITALISTIK TERHADAP HARMONISASI HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL PENGUSAHA DENGAN PEKERJA (Studi Kasus di PT Fiscous South Pacifik Kabupaten Purwakarta)
Authors: Gunarto H 
Published: December 2016

The implementation of the concept on freedom of rights for association of trade union is facing the phenomenon of liberal capitalistic global economic trends characterized by conflicting industrial relations. The problems in this research, What are the impacts of the implementation of the concept on freedom for association in trade unions to industrial relations which is capitalistic to the workers’ welfare?. To answer these three problems, the writer used qualitative analysis with constructivism paradigm. This study draws some conclusions as follows, the implementation of the concept on freedom for association in trade unions, which is capitalistic, affects the following: (1) the high rates on labor strike, (2) the increasing number of disputes on industrial relations between the entrepreneurs and the workers. Keywords: impact, industrial relations, capitalism
PENERAPAN PRINSIP TANGGUNG GUGAT DALAM PELAKSANAAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN DALAM RANGKA IMPLEMENTASI TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE DI INDONESIA
Authors: Milamarta Misahardi 
Published: December 2016

The goal of this research is to determine the application of the accountability principle in the implementation of corporate social responsibility within the framework of implementation of triple bottom line in Indonesia. It is a normative legal research using secondary dan primary data. Seconda-ry data obtained through libabry research, while the primary data obtained through in-depth interviews. To ensure the data validity is used the criticism source. Data were analyzed using editing analysis style. The results of this study indicate that the application of an accountability principle is not easy. Standard or criteria that must be applied in case relating to the application of an accountability principle should clearly and objectively. Keywords : an accountability principle, corporate social responsibility, triple bottom line.