bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Espresso coffee foam delays cooling of the liquid phase
Authors: Arii Yasuhiro , Nishizawa Kaho 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Espresso coffee foam, called crema, is known to be a marker of the quality of espresso coffee extraction. However, the role of foam in coffee temperature has not been quantitatively clarified. In this study, we used an automatic machine for espresso coffee extraction. We evaluated whether the foam prepared using the machine was suitable for foam analysis. After extraction, the percentage and consistency of the foam were measured using various techniques, and changes in the foam volume were tracked over time. Our extraction method, therefore, allowed consistent preparation of high-quality foam. We also quantitatively determined that the foam phase slowed cooling of the liquid phase after extraction. High-quality foam plays an important role in delaying the cooling of espresso coffee.
Distribution of saccharides and salts on amphoteric ion-exchange resin
Authors: Sha Yuki , Hasegawa Ayako , Aimoto Utano , Adachi Shuji 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
An amphoteric ion-exchange resin hardly shrank in 550 and 300 g/L glucose and sodium chloride solutions, respectively; however, the bed packed with a cation-exchange resin shrank considerably. From the distribution coefficients of some saccharides, the swelling pressure of the amphoteric ion-exchange resin was estimated to be 2.0 MPa at 25 °C. The distribution coefficients of glucose, galactose, fructose, and mannose were independent of their concentration and were about 0.621. On the other hand, the apparent distribution coefficients of NaF, NaCl, NaBr, NaI, LiCl, KCl, and CsCl largely depended on concentration. A model for the distribution of salts on the amphoteric resin was proposed, assuming an interaction between the anion of the salt and the positively charged fixed ions with binding constant B. The B values of the chloride salts were nearly the same (1.69–2.94 L/mol), while the values of the sodium salts were largely different depending on the anion.
The dog that is not a dog: a rejoinder to Stanton Marlan
Authors: Mogenson Greg 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper is a rejoinder to Stanton Marlan’s article, ‘The absolute that is not absolute: an alchemical reflection on the caput mortuum, the dark other of logical light.’ It challenges mischaracterizations by Marlan of Giegerich’s contribution to analytical psychology, not on the usual level of debate and counter-argument, but through psychological ‘seeing-through’. Marlan’s assertion that Giegerich’s psychology as the discipline of interiority approach is ‘too pure [a psychology] to treat ordinary human beings in the consulting room’ is responded to by turning the tables and using Marlan’s account of having had to euthanize his dog as ordinary case material with which to demonstrate the merit and analytic acuity of Giegerich’s mode of interpretation.
Introduction
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe introduction sets out the research questions and themes of the book. It explains its methodology, arguments, and theoretical framework, and summarizes each of the chapters. In particular, it explains the book’s main contention that the global growth of the John of God movement is due to three main reasons closely connected to “the massive subjective turn” (Taylor 1991) in late modernity. First, John of God’s striking healing methods give people a radical experience of the sacred. Second, those who are chronically or terminally ill find hope when biomedicine has given up on them. Third, the movement gives people a sense of community that offers social and emotional support to people undergoing life crises such as illnesses or day-to-day issues such as loneliness or divorce.
Meeting John of God
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChapter 1 gives a personal account of the author’s long process of establishing rapport with John of God in order to discuss the methodological challenges of conducting fieldwork in one’s own country. The author explores the fluidity of the outsider/insider identity and shows that it is never a linear progress toward the latter. She argues that a global “power-geometry” is at play when establishing rapport with a community where fieldwork is conducted. The location of Brazil in a hierarchy of geopolitical power means that the author’s nationality, age, gender, social class, tertiary education, and place of residence all affected her relationship with the healer. Thus she contends that researchers must take into consideration the impact of global flows of ideas, people, and material culture on the religious community, as well as on the offshoots of this community overseas.
Re-enchanting Healing
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChapter 3 brings together stories of people who were seeking physical, emotional, and spiritual healing. It endeavors to understand how foreigners’ previous history with biomedicine prompted them to seek the healer, and investigates the ways in which people’s extraordinary experiences have informed and changed their understanding of healing and illness. It thus develops a theory of healing as a cultural process. Importantly, here “culture” does not equate to “nation.” The author argues that foreigners make sense of the healer’s cosmology because New Age and alternative medicine concepts of healing and illness, disseminated in global popular culture, produce a “habitus” and a “disposition” toward traditional medicine from the Global South. Thus healing is efficacious cross-culturally because John of God reinstates a connection between healing and spirituality, constructs a context that gives meaning to illness, and empowers people as they surrender to a higher power.
Spiritual Tourism, Cultural Translation, and Friction
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChapter 5 considers the ways in which John of God’s cosmology has acquired portability and transposability. It argues that his beliefs and practices “travel well” because of foreign tour guides’ intense work of cultural translation. Through their talks, books, websites, social media sites, documentaries, and activities with their groups in Brazil and in international events, they de-link John of God’s cosmology and healing practices from the Brazilian cultural context enough to fit foreigners’ worldviews. It demonstrates how these foreign tour guides “hook” the healer’s practices to a Western imaginary of the developing world, and Brazil in particular, as a primitive, traditional, exotic place in which spirituality is present in everyday life. It shows the ways in which “glocalization” has assisted the global expansion of this (until recently) very local Brazilian religious movement. There are also instances of untranslatability, which provide evidence that not all ideas and practices travel well.
Shovelling Out
Authors: Hirota Hidetaka 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the people who emigrated from Ireland to North America in the first half of the nineteenth century, with a focus on their material conditions. Until the early nineteenth century Irish emigrants chiefly consisted of Protestants, especially Presbyterians. By the 1830s Catholics, who were markedly poorer than their Protestant predecessors, had become the dominant group among Irish emigrants. The chapter examines in depth the schemes by local landlords and Irish workhouses to finance the passage to North America of destitute tenants and workhouse inmates during the famine in the 1840s and 1850s. In the mid-nineteenth century, a growing number of Irish emigrants to North America either appeared outstandingly wretched or were unable to support themselves without becoming public charges. The poverty of the Catholic Irish, along their religious faith, stimulated anti-Irish nativism and played a critical role in the development of immigration control policy in antebellum America.
Problems of Irish Poverty
Authors: Hirota Hidetaka 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This chapter examines the growth of anti-Irish nativism and early forms of immigration control in the United States. Although many coastal and New England states had had laws regulating the landing of passengers or banishing paupers from the territory since the colonial period, these laws either failed to receive adequate administrative support for implementation or became dead letters by the 1840s, except in New York and Massachusetts. In these states, the influx of destitute Irish famine immigrants provoked the introduction of state-led passenger control, which had previously been conducted by towns and cities, in New York in 1847 and in Massachusetts in 1848. The seeds of American immigration control lay in these Atlantic seaboard states that cultivated intense nativism in response to the poverty of the famine Irish.
Different Paths
Authors: Hirota Hidetaka 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This chapter explores the growth of state-level immigration control in New York and Massachusetts between 1849 and 1854. New York expanded its immigration policy by enlarging the category of people subject to entry regulation, a policy that can be described as exclusion, and it remained the state’s principal method of immigration control. Massachusetts, by contrast, developed not only a policy of exclusion but also a policy of forcibly deporting abroad immigrants already resident in the United States. The two states adopted distinct policies, yet in a national context—specifically that of the other major immigrant receiving states—it is clear that they developed by far the most advanced systems of state-level immigration control. Building upon a system that emerged in response to the influx of the famine Irish in the late 1840s, the two northeastern states consolidated the state supervision of immigration in the early 1850s.
The Journey Continued
Authors: Hirota Hidetaka 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This chapter explores the process of deportation from the United States and its aftermath in Europe. While American officials deported many Irish paupers to Liverpool, authorities in Liverpool sent them to Ireland under the British pauper removal law. Workhouse officials in Ireland, meanwhile, insisted that these paupers did not belong to their community and even proposed sending the deportees back to the United States. American, British, and Irish officials’ invocation of the laws of settlement and removal was rooted in their collective view of Irish migrant paupers as the undeserving poor, who allegedly refused to participate in production due to their laziness and moral failing. This perception facilitated the banishment of Irish migrant paupers from the United States and Britain and their social marginalization in Ireland. American deportation policy operated as part of a broader legal culture of excluding nonproducing members from societies in the Atlantic world.
The Moment of Transition
Authors: Hirota Hidetaka 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This chapter traces how state immigration laws developed into national policy. When the Supreme Court declared states’ exclusion policies unconstitutional in 1876, New York and Massachusetts officials launched a campaign to establish national immigration legislation. The campaign resulted in the passage of the Immigration Act of 1882. When the British government sent destitute Irish people to the United States in 1883, state officials were charged with implementing the act’s exclusion provision against them. Federal control from the late nineteenth century onward was characterized by almost unlimited official over foreigners. The working of the federal act in 1883 suggests that the roots of this severely restrictive aspect of federal policy lay in the actions and motivations of state officials in New York and Massachusetts prior to the introduction of federal immigration law. The state-level treatment of undesirable foreigners became embedded in federal policy with the officials’ administration of the 1882 act.
Introduction
Authors: Mortensen Janus , Coupland Nikolas , Thøgersen Jacob 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis introductory chapter explores interconnections between the notions of style, media, and change. It argues for a need to develop an orientation to change in sociolinguistics that is fully sensitive to and critically engaged with social change, and which can address reconfigurations in the language-society nexus under conditions of accelerating mediatization. The notion of style allows sociolinguists to explore aspects of stability as well as change in language use, it addresses the negotiation of social meaning across multiple semiotic modes, and it offers an analytical framework within which links between social action, identity, and social context may be investigated. Because of these affordances, the chapter argues, style holds the potential to provide a unifying perspective for sociolinguistic approaches to media and change. The chapter concludes with a comprehensive overview of the main analytic chapters of the book.
Styling syncretic bilingualism on Welsh-language TV
Authors: Coupland Nikolas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMadamrygbi is a ‘comedy rugby interviewer’ persona created by actor Eirlys Bellin on Welsh-language television. In her regular television appearances Madamrygbi affects incompetence and naïvety in order to wrongfoot the rugby celebrities that she interviews. Her style, in different semiotic dimensions, transgresses norms of two main sorts and brings them to viewers’ attention. First, Madamrygbi’s syncretic, English-influenced Welsh transgresses norms for Welsh-language broadcasting, where there is a strong expectation of ‘Welsh-only’ and ‘correct’ speech. Second, her ‘rugby-mad,’ sexualized demeanor creates stances that clash with normative expectations about Welsh rugby, the supposedly revered ‘national game’ of Wales. Bellin’s creativity in maintaining and developing the Madamrygbi persona provides insights into stylized performance as a media resource. Madamrygbi’s performances leave a trail of remediated images and stock phrases, in which we see the potential for the critical reflexivity created by the character to become more durable.
Art on television
Authors: Jaworski Adam 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMediatization of contemporary art on television potentially faces a paradox of balancing elitist and egalitarian stances: an elite subject matter is broadcast for consumption by a mass audience. This chapter aims to demonstrate how this tension has been addressed in the PBS TV art documentary program, Art in the Twenty-first Century. The program’s section introductions have been created by individually commissioned artists as self-parodic performance art pieces drawing on their distinctive art styles. The artists/hosts of the opening sequences create their personas as ordinary and engaged with the viewer. For a knowing audience to appreciate the intertextuality of the opening sequences positions them as elite art aficionados. On the other hand, making the introductions accessible to a less knowing audience has a democratizing effect.
Style as a unifying perspective for the sociolinguistics of talking media
Authors: Coupland Nikolas , Mortensen Janus 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Through a retrospective discussion of Chapters 2–11, this chapter elaborates on the idea offered in the Introduction (Chapter 1) that style can serve as a unifying perspective for sociolinguistics, and for sociolinguistic approaches to talking media in particular. Style offers a coherent theoretical and empirical framework for analyzing social meaning making in any context of social interaction, but it has particular relevance and distinctive nuances in the analysis of talking media. This is because technologically mediated talk, while being highly differentiated in itself, is quintessentially a styling and stylizing medium, richly active in many aspects of style. It is able to deploy particular contextualization devices that are not generally available in face-to-face interaction. Correspondingly, as the historical process of mediatization progresses, the production and uptake of technologically mediated talk proceed against changing background assumptions about the meanings of sociolinguistic diversity, while also continuously contributing to diverse processes of sociolinguistic change.
Introduction
Authors: Burnett Heather 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis chapter gives an introduction to the main topics studied in this work. This book presents a new theory of the relationship between vagueness, context sensitivity, and scale structure in natural language. In particular, this work is devoted to the description and analysis of the distribution of these phenomena within and outside the adjectival domain of English and other Indo-European languages. It is proposed that the semantic and pragmatic patterns that distinguish adjectives like tall from adjectives like straight, and determiner phrases (DPs) like many girls from DPs like the girls are reflexes of a single underlying difference in the semantics of these lexical items involving (a certain kind of) context sensitivity. Moreover, it is proposed that the data concerning both vagueness and scale structure in the adjectival and DP domains can be derived from the interaction between (lack of) context sensitivity and tolerance/indifference relations associated with general cognitive categorization processes.
Scale structure in Delineation semantics
Authors: Burnett Heather 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis chapter presents both new and previously discussed data associated with the scale structure of members of the four principle classes of adjectives that are studied in this work. Following much previous research, it is argued that the adjectives in each of the classes given are associated with scales that have different properties. This chapter demonstrates that the association of an adjective with a scale with the correct properties is already predicted by the analysis presented in Chapter 4, set within the Del-TCS architecture. In other words, it is argued that, once there is an (independently necessary) analysis of context sensitivity and vagueness in the adjectival domain, an analysis of adjectival scale structure comes “for free.”
Conclusion
Authors: Burnett Heather 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the main empirical and theoretical claims made by this work and draws some final conclusions on the nature of vagueness and scalarity in natural language. The book argues for a number of proposals concerning vagueness, context sensitivity, and the semantics and pragmatics of (non-)scalar adjectives. An analysis of these patterns within the Delineation TCS framework is given and it is shown that, from this analysis, the correct scalarity and scale structure patterns associated with the different classes of adjectives are predicted. In addition, the DelTCS analysis of adjectival context sensitivity, vagueness, and scale structure is applied to account for similar patterns displayed by determiner phrases within a mereological extension of DelTCS. It is concluded that (M)-DelTCS constitutes a well-defined and general framework for analyzing multiple aspects of the meaning of simple and syntactically complex linguistic expressions in the adjectival domain and beyond.
Estimating Utility-Consistent Poverty in Ethiopia, 2000–11
Authors: Stifel David , Woldehanna Tassew 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This chapter describes how the standardized PLEASe computer code stream based on Arndt and Simler’s (2010) utility-consistent approach can be adapted to analyse poverty in Ethiopia in 2000, 2005, and 2011. Several data-related issues create challenges to estimating the spatial and temporal distribution of poverty in a manner that meets both consistency and specificity objectives. The chapter documents how the code stream is adapted to address changes in data collection periods and strata for the respective surveys over time. Changes in the duration and time of year for data collection can be especially problematic for consistency in the presence of annual inflation of over 30 per cent. In addition, the Ethiopia case provides an example of how to address convergence problems encountered when running the PLEASe code. Careful consolidation of spatial domains and limiting the number of iterations in the estimation of poverty lines are potential solutions.
Uganda
Authors: Campenhout Bjorn Van , Sekabira Haruna , Nattembo Fiona 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Uganda has seen impressive economic growth and substantial poverty reductions over the past few decades. However, recent research relying on non-monetary wealth indicators suggests much more modest progress and hence higher current levels of poverty. We argue that an outdated poverty line that does not take into consideration the spatial variation of diets in Uganda can explain much of the paradox. In this chapter, we document how we estimate a new set of utility-consistent poverty lines for Uganda using the Uganda National Household Survey of 2012/13 and use these updated poverty lines to calculate poverty. We find poverty levels to be higher and much more in line with what other studies suggest.
Estimating Multidimensional Childhood Poverty in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Mahrt Kristi , Nanivazo Malokele 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
After years of economic decline, conflict, and instability, the Democratic Republic of Congo achieved rapid economic growth in the 2000s along with a reduction in rural consumption poverty. This chapter evaluates the extent to which recent growth has been accompanied by improvements in multidimensional child welfare using a first-order dominance approach applied to multiple indicator cluster surveys and demographic and health surveys. It explores the root of indeterminate outcomes in spatial analysis and evaluates the sensitivity of spatial and temporal outcomes to indicator choice. Though results do not indicate broad-based welfare advancement at the national, urban, or rural levels, they do suggest progress within a number of individual provinces.
Child Deprivation and Income Poverty in Ghana
Authors: Kofinti Raymond Elikplim , Annim Samuel Kobina 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This study assesses temporal and spatial distribution of child deprivation and income poverty using the fifth and sixth rounds of the Ghana Living Standards Survey. The first-order dominance methodology was used to examine five dimensions of deprivation of children aged 7 to 17 years, and the outcomes were compared to the incidence of income poverty. The analyses reveal the following: reduction in child deprivation across all five dimensions over time; wide disparities across geographical areas; and differences in regional rankings of deprivation and income poverty. Distinct policies for child deprivation and income poverty are imperative for different locations in Ghana.
Measuring Multidimensional Poverty in Nigeria
Authors: Ajakaiye Olu , Jerome Afeikhena T. , Olaniyan Olanrewaju , Mahrt Kristi , Alaba Olufunke A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Though Nigeria has achieved rapid economic growth, the extent to which poverty reduction has accompanied this growth remains uncertain. The economy grew strongly over the last decade, even during the global financial crisis, ranking Nigeria as one of the fastest growing economies globally. In spite of this strong growth performance, poverty remains widespread. Nigeria’s National Bureau of Statistics estimated consumption poverty to have risen from 27% in 1980 to 66% in 1996. With the onset of higher growth rates, estimated poverty initially dipped to 54% in 2004 but then peaked at 69% in 2010. In response to questions regarding the underestimation of consumption and inconsistencies between per capita GDP and poverty rates, the World Bank re-estimated Nigeria’s consumption poverty. These new estimates indicate national poverty rates of 35% in 2011 and 33% in 2013, respectively.