bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the nuclear localisation signal of O-GlcNAc transferase and its nuclear import regulation
Authors: Seo Hyeon Gyu , Kim Han Byeol , Kang Min Jueng , Ryum Joo Hwan , Yi Eugene C. , Cho Jin Won 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) attaches a single GlcNAc to hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine residues. Although the cellular localisation of OGT is important to regulate a variety of cellular processes, the molecular mechanisms regulating the nuclear localisation of OGT is unclear. Here, we characterised three amino acids (DFP; residues 451–453) as the nuclear localisation signal of OGT and demonstrated that this motif mediated the nuclear import of non-diffusible β-galactosidase. OGT bound the importin α5 protein, and this association was abolished when the DFP motif of OGT was mutated or deleted. We also revealed that O-GlcNAcylation of Ser389, which resides in the tetratricopeptide repeats, plays an important role in the nuclear localisation of OGT. Our findings may explain how OGT, which possesses a NLS, exists in the nucleus and cytosol simultaneously.
Postoperative hormonal therapy prevents recovery of neurological damage after surgery in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Sekiguchi Atsushi , Sato Chiho , Matsudaira Izumi , Kotozaki Yuka , Nouchi Rui , Takeuchi Hikaru , Kawai Masaaki , Tada Hiroshi , Ishida Takanori , Taki Yasuyuki , Ohuchi Noriaki , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCancer survivors are exposed to several risk factors for cognitive dysfunction, such as general anesthesia, surgical trauma, and adjuvant therapies. In our recent study we showed that thalamic volume reduction and attentional dysfunction occurred shortly after surgery. Here, we examined the 6-month prognosis of the 20 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery. Seven patients did not receive any adjuvant therapy after the surgery and 13 patients received a hormonal therapy after the surgery. We assessed their attentional functions, and thalamic volumes shortly after and 6 months after surgery. We found a significant group x time interaction in the attentional functions (p = 0.033) and the right thalamus (p <  0.05, small volume correction), suggesting the thalamic volume reduction and attentional dysfunction recovered in patients without adjuvant therapy. Our findings provide a better understanding of the potential role of hormonal therapy in relation to the cognitive dysfunction of cancer survivors.
Chimpanzees can visually perceive differences in the freshness of foods
Authors: Imura Tomoko , Masuda Tomohiro , Wada Yuji , Tomonaga Masaki , Okajima Katsunori 
Published: October 2016

AbstractColour vision in primates is believed to be an adaptation for finding ripe fruit and young leaves. The contribution of the luminance distribution, which influences how humans evaluate the freshness of food, has not been explored with respect to the detection of subtle distinctions in food quality in non-human primates. We examined how chimpanzees, which are closely related to humans, perceive the freshness of foods. The findings suggest that chimpanzees were able to choose fresher cabbage based on both colour and grey-scale images. Additional tests with images of novel cabbage, spinach, and strawberries revealed that one chimpanzee could detect the freshness of other fruits and vegetables. The critical factor in determining the judgements of freshness made by the chimpanzees was the spatial layout of luminance information. These findings provide the first known evidence that chimpanzees discriminate between images representing various degrees of freshness based solely on luminance information.
High-speed and high-SNR photoacoustic microscopy based on a galvanometer mirror in non-conducting liquid
Authors: Kim Jin Young , Lee Changho , Park Kyungjin , Han Sangyeob , Kim Chulhong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOptical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), a promising microscopic imaging technique with high ultrasound resolution and superior optical sensitivity, can provide anatomical, functional, and molecular information at scales ranging from the microvasculature to single red blood cells. In particular, real-time OR-PAM imaging with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a prerequisite for widespread use in preclinical and clinical applications. Although several technical approaches have been pursued to simultaneously improve the imaging speed and SNR of OR-PAM, they are bulky, complex, not sensitive, and/or not actually real-time. In this paper, we demonstrate a simple and novel OR-PAM technique which is based on a typical galvanometer immersed in non-conducting liquid. Using an opto-ultrasound combiner, this OR-PAM system achieves a high SNR and fast imaging speed. It takes only 2 seconds to acquire a volumetric image with a wide field of view (FOV) of 4 × 8 mm2 along the X and Y axes, respectively. The measured lateral and axial resolutions are 6.0 and 37.7 μm, respectively. Finally, as a demonstration of the system’s capability, we successfully imaged the microvasculature in a mouse ear in vivo. Our new method will contribute substantially to the popularization and commercialization of OR-PAM in various preclinical and clinical applications.
Weighted and directed interactions in evolving large-scale epileptic brain networks
Authors: Dickten Henning , Porz Stephan , Elger Christian E. , Lehnertz Klaus 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEpilepsy can be regarded as a network phenomenon with functionally and/or structurally aberrant connections in the brain. Over the past years, concepts and methods from network theory substantially contributed to improve the characterization of structure and function of these epileptic networks and thus to advance understanding of the dynamical disease epilepsy. We extend this promising line of research and assess—with high spatial and temporal resolution and using complementary analysis approaches that capture different characteristics of the complex dynamics—both strength and direction of interactions in evolving large-scale epileptic brain networks of 35 patients that suffered from drug-resistant focal seizures with different anatomical onset locations. Despite this heterogeneity, we find that even during the seizure-free interval the seizure onset zone is a brain region that, when averaged over time, exerts strongest directed influences over other brain regions being part of a large-scale network. This crucial role, however, manifested by averaging on the population-sample level only – in more than one third of patients, strongest directed interactions can be observed between brain regions far off the seizure onset zone. This may guide new developments for individualized diagnosis, treatment and control.
Depth-distribution patterns and control of soil organic carbon in coastal salt marshes with different plant covers
Authors: Bai Junhong , Zhang Guangliang , Zhao Qingqing , Lu Qiongqiong , Jia Jia , Cui Baoshan , Liu Xinhui 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study was carried out in three kinds of salt marshes according to the vegetation covers, including Phragmites australis salt marsh (PSM), Suaeda salus salt marsh (SSM) and Tamarix chinensis-Suaeda salus salt marsh (TSSM). We applied allometric function, exponential function and logistic function to model the depth distribution of the SOCv and SOCc for each salt marsh, respectively. The results showed that the exponential function fits the depth distribution of the SOCv more well than other two functions. The SOCc can be fitted very well by all three functions for three salt marsh (Adj. R2 > 0.99), of which the allometric function was the best one. The mean topsoil concentration factors (TCFs) of three salt marshes were beyond 0.1, which means the SOC enrichment in surface soils due to plant cycling, but TCFs in PSM were significantly higher than those in SSM (P < 0.05). Nearly 30% of SOC was concentrated in the top 20 cm soils. The results of general linear model (GLM) suggested that four soil properties (soil water content, pH, soil salt content and silt+clay) and their interactive effects explained about 80% of the total variation of SOC stock in the top 20 cm soils and the 20–100 cm soil layers.
Verträglichkeit von Hyaluronsäure zur Oberflächenpflege nach perforierender Keratoplastik
Authors: Pattmöller M. , Szentmáry N. , Eppig T. , Groß D. , Seitz B. 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziele: Die klinische Prüfung diente der Bestätigung der Qualifikation hinsichtlich der Verträglichkeit von phosphatfreiem hochmolekularem Hyaluronat (HYLO®-GEL) als Befeuchtungsmittel zur Nachsorge nach perforierender Keratoplastik.
Patienten und Methoden: Es wurden 51 Augen bis 6 Wochen postoperativ nach perforierender Keratoplastik unter der Therapie mit phosphatfreiem hochmolekularem Hyaluronat beobachtet. Am 1., 3. und 5. Tag, sowie 6 Wochen postoperativ wurden Sehschärfe, Augeninnendruck, konjunktivale Hyperämie, konjunktivale Chemosis, Fluoresceinfärbung der Hornhaut, Hornhautinfiltrate, Hornhaut-Endothel-Epithel-Dekompensation (HEED), Descemet-Falten, Hornhauterosio (Größe), Tyndall und Zellen in der Vorderkammer wie auch die subjektive Einschätzung von Tränenfluss, Fremdkörpergefühl, Druckgefühl, Brennen, Schleimbildung und Juckreiz erfasst. Die Verträglichkeit wurde durch den Patienten und den behandelnden Arzt bewertet.
Ergebnisse: Unter phosphatfreiem hochmolekularem Hyaluronat zeigte sich eine signifikante Verbesserung der objektiven Parameter von Tag 1 zu Woche 6: Visus, konjunktivale Hyperämie, konjunktivale Chemosis, Fluoresceinfärbung der Hornhaut, HEED, Descemet-Falten, maximaler Durchmesser Erosio, Tyndall und Zellen in der Vorderkammer. Ebenso konnte bei den subjektiven Parametern von Tag 1 zu Woche 6 eine signifikante Verbesserung gezeigt werden: Tränenfluss, Fremdkörpergefühl, Druckgefühl und Juckreiz. Insgesamt 63 % (32/47) der Studienpatienten gaben eine einwandfreie Verträglichkeit von phosphatfreiem hochmolekularem Hyaluronat am 1. postoperativen Tag an. Nach 6 Wochen stieg der Anteil auf 86 % (37/43) an. Bei der abschließenden Bewertung durch den Arzt wurde zu 92 % eine „einwandfreie“, zu 6 % eine „akzeptable“ und zu 2 % eine „nicht akzeptable“ Verträglichkeit des phosphatfreien hochmolekularen Hyaluronats attestiert.
Schlussfolgerung: Unter der postoperativen Therapie mit phosphatfreiem hochmolekularem Hyaluronat nach perforierender Keratoplastik ist eine objektive Verbesserung des Ausgangsbefunds und eine Reduktion subjektiver Beschwerden zu beobachten. Aus ärztlicher Sicht wurde die Verträglichkeit in der Frühphase der postoperativen Nachsorge zu 92 % als „einwandfrei“ gewertet.
Two novel pyrrolooxazole pigments formed by the Maillard reaction between glucose and threonine or serine
Authors: Noda Kyoko , Murata Masatsune 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Pyrrolothiazolate formed by the Maillard reaction between l-cysteine and d-glucose has a pyrrolothiazole skeleton as a chromophore. We searched for a Maillard pigment having a pyrrolooxazole skeleton formed from l-threonine or l-serine instead of l-cysteine in the presence of d-glucose. As a result, two novel yellow pigments, named pyrrolooxazolates A and B, were isolated from model solutions of the Maillard reaction containing l-threonine and d-glucose, and l-serine and d-glucose, respectively, and identified as (2R,3S,7aS)-2,3,7,7a-tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-2,5,7a-trimethyl-7-oxo-pyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazole-3-calboxylic acid and (3S,7aS)-2,3,7,7a-tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-5,7a-dimethyl-7-oxo-pyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazole-3-calboxylic acid by instrumental analyses. These compounds were pyrrolooxazole derivatives carrying a carboxy group, and showed the absorption maxima at 300–360 nm under acidic and neutral conditions and at 320–390 nm under alkaline conditions.
Understanding vasopressor intervention and weaning: risk prediction in a public heterogeneous clinical time series database
Authors: Wu Mike , Ghassemi Marzyeh , Feng Mengling , Celi Leo A , Szolovits Peter , Doshi-Velez Finale 
Published: October 2016

Background: The widespread adoption of electronic health records allows us to ask evidence-based questions about the need for and benefits of specific clinical interventions in critical-care settings across large populations.Objective: We investigated the prediction of vasopressor administration and weaning in the intensive care unit. Vasopressors are commonly used to control hypotension, and changes in timing and dosage can have a large impact on patient outcomes.Materials and Methods: We considered a cohort of 15 695 intensive care unit patients without orders for reduced care who were alive 30 days post-discharge. A switching-state autoregressive model (SSAM) was trained to predict the multidimensional physiological time series of patients before, during, and after vasopressor administration. The latent states from the SSAM were used as predictors of vasopressor administration and weaning.Results: The unsupervised SSAM features were able to predict patient vasopressor administration and successful patient weaning. Features derived from the SSAM achieved areas under the receiver operating curve of 0.92, 0.88, and 0.71 for predicting ungapped vasopressor administration, gapped vasopressor administration, and vasopressor weaning, respectively. We also demonstrated many cases where our model predicted weaning well in advance of a successful wean.Conclusion: Models that used SSAM features increased performance on both predictive tasks. These improvements may reflect an underlying, and ultimately predictive, latent state detectable from the physiological time series.
Toward automated assessment of health Web page quality using the DISCERN instrument
Authors: Allam Ahmed , Schulz Peter J , Krauthammer Michael 
Published: October 2016

Background: As the Internet becomes the number one destination for obtaining health-related information, there is an increasing need to identify health Web pages that convey an accurate and current view of medical knowledge. In response, the research community has created multicriteria instruments for reliably assessing online medical information quality. One such instrument is DISCERN, which measures health Web page quality by assessing an array of features. In order to scale up use of the instrument, there is interest in automating the quality evaluation process by building machine learning (ML)-based DISCERN Web page classifiers.
Objective: The paper addresses 2 key issues that are essential before constructing automated DISCERN classifiers: (1) generation of a robust DISCERN training corpus useful for training classification algorithms, and (2) assessment of the usefulness of the current DISCERN scoring schema as a metric for evaluating the performance of these algorithms.
Methods: Using DISCERN, 272 Web pages discussing treatment options in breast cancer, arthritis, and depression were evaluated and rated by trained coders. First, different consensus models were compared to obtain a robust aggregated rating among the coders, suitable for a DISCERN ML training corpus. Second, a new DISCERN scoring criterion was proposed (features-based score) as an ML performance metric that is more reflective of the score distribution across different DISCERN quality criteria.
Results: First, we found that a probabilistic consensus model applied to the DISCERN instrument was robust against noise (random ratings) and superior to other approaches for building a training corpus. Second, we found that the established DISCERN scoring schema (overall score) is ill-suited to measure ML performance for automated classifiers.
Conclusion: Use of a probabilistic consensus model is advantageous for building a training corpus for the DISCERN instrument, and use of a features-based score is an appropriate ML metric for automated DISCERN classifiers.
Availability: The code for the probabilistic consensus model is available at https://bitbucket.org/A_2/em_dawid/.
Normative Legitimacy and the State
Authors: Levitov Alex 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article offers a critical overview of the major normative theories of political legitimacy from the seventeenth century to the present day, with a special focus on the leading representatives of the social contract tradition: the voluntarist theory, according to which legitimate political authority must derive from the free choices of its subjects; and the natural duty theory, which holds that a state’s legitimacy depends on the extent to which its institutions are just, regardless of whether it has been freely authorized by its subjects. The article then explores the prospects of a hybrid theory that would combine elements of the two and concludes by examining the ways in which the various conceptions of state legitimacy under consideration might be applied or adapted to the case of supranational political institutions.
Criminal Misdemeanor Theory and Practice
Authors: Natapoff Alexandra 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The misdemeanor system is a powerful governance tool. Comprising the vast bulk of the U.S. criminal process, it exerts enormous influence over the disadvantaged populations that are its primary clientele, and profoundly shapes the general character of American criminal justice. Characterized largely by speed, informality, and law enforcement discretion, the petty offense process generates millions of criminal convictions and burdensome punishments in ways that depart significantly from the standard due process model of adversarial adjudication, with special implications for the poor and people of color. This article provides a theoretical overview of the petty offense process and its legal and institutional structures, and explains its sociolegal significance for the criminal system as a whole.
Brachial Artery Reconstruction in Trauma Using Reversed Arm Vein from the Injured Upper Limb
Authors: Ramdass Michael J. , Harnarayan Patrick 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Brachial artery repair may be technically challenging with a paucity of guidelines. The use arm vein (AV) from the traumatized limb is herein described.

Methods:
Data were prospectively collected from 2002 to 2016 on brachial artery injury including age, sex, mechanism/site of injury, and repair technique. Categories included AV and non-arm vein (NAV) groups. One-year outcomes were noted.

Results:
All 31 cases studied were of men with an age range of 16 to 73 years (mean = 28). Injuries included 13 gunshots, 7 stabbings, 6 glass injuries, 2 dislocated elbows, 1 crush, 1 impalement, and 1 avulsion. Site of injuries included the antecubital region in 25, midbrachial in 5, and proximal brachial in 1, with 4 associated fractures. Repair was done using reversed AV from the traumatized limb in 15 cases and NAV in 16. In the AV group, the adjacent basilic vein was used in 9 cases, the adjacent cephalic vein in 3, and the distal (or wrist area) cephalic vein in 3. The limb salvage rates in the AV versus NAV groups were 100% and 94%, respectively (Fisher’s exact t test, P = 1.00), with no major technique-related complications.

Conclusions:
The outcomes of using reversed AV from the traumatized limb are equivalent to those of other standard techniques such as primary repair, polytetrafluoroethylene, or reversed great saphenous vein, with a 1-year limb salvage rate of 100%. Additionally, advantages include decreased wound complications, better vein graft--artery caliber match, and shorter operating times while maintaining acceptable patency rates.
Treatment of the Open Glenohumeral Joint with the Anterior Deltoid Muscle Flap
Authors: Xipoleas George D. , Woods Daniel , Batac Joseph , Addona Tommaso 
Published: October 2016

Summary:
Upper extremity reconstruction is most often encountered in trauma patients. Although the rate of complications from elective orthopedic procedures remains relatively low, these complications are oftentimes in the form of open joints or joint infections that can be devastating. Classically, wounds of the shoulder girdle have been treated with large muscles such as the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and latissimus dorsi. Flaps more local to the area including the deltoid muscle flap have been overlooked due to their small size. Despite its size, the anterior deltoid can be used for shoulder girdle reconstruction with minimal functional deficit and allows for reconstruction of the glenohumeral joint without sacrifice of the larger muscles of the upper trunk. This study reports a case of a chronic shoulder girdle wound and successful management with the use of an anterior deltoid muscle flap.
Invaginating Brown Spot
Authors: Jacob Sharon E. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Teledermatology is a term to describe the provision of dermatologic medical services through telecommunication technology. In this modality, there is transfer of medical information electronically (including history and visual data) on a patient in one location to a provider who is in another location. The construct of this column is such that cases are presented in a standardized teledermatology reader format. This is a case of an invaginating brown spot on the thigh.
Healthy Life-Years Lost and Excess Bed-Days Due to 6 Patient Safety Incidents
Authors: Hauck Katharina D. , Wang Shaolin , Vincent Charles , Smith Peter C. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
There is little satisfactory evidence on the harm of safety incidents to patients, in terms of lost potential health and life-years.

Objective:
To estimate the healthy life-years (HLYs) lost due to 6 incidents in English hospitals between the years 2005/2006 and 2009/2010, to compare burden across incidents, and estimate excess bed-days.

Research Design:
The study used cross-sectional analysis of the medical records of all inpatients treated in 273 English hospitals. Patients with 6 types of preventable incidents were identified. Total attributable loss of HLYs was estimated through propensity score matching by considering the hypothetical remaining length and quality of life had the incident not occurred.

Results:
The 6 incidents resulted in an annual loss of 68 HLYs and 934 excess bed-days per 100,000 population. Preventable pressure ulcers caused the loss of 26 HLYs and 555 excess bed-days annually. Deaths in low-mortality procedures resulted in 25 lost life-years and 42 bed-days. Deep-vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolisms cost 12 HLYs, and 240 bed-days. Postoperative sepsis, hip fractures, and central-line infections cost <6 HLYs and 100 bed-days each.

Discussion:
The burden caused by the 6 incidents is roughly comparable with the UK burden of Multiple Sclerosis (80 DALYs per 100,000), HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis (63 DALYs), and Cervical Cancer (58 DALYs). There were marked differences in the harm caused by the incidents, despite the public attention all of them receive. Decision makers can use the results to prioritize resources into further research and effective interventions.