bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroencephalography
Authors: Gaetz Michael B. , Jantzen Kelly J. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Axonal injury is currently considered to be the structural substrate behind most concussion-related neurological dysfunction. Because the principal generators of EEG fields are graded excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials of pyramidal neurons, the EEG is well suited for characterizing large-scale functional disruptions associated with concussion induced metabolic and neurochemical changes, and for connecting those disruptions to deficits in behavior and cognition. This essay provides an overview of the use of EEG and newly developed analytical procedures for the measurement of functional impairment related to sport concussion. Elevations in delta and theta activity can be expected in a percentage of athletes and change in asymmetry and coherence may also be present. Newer techniques are likely to be of critical importance for understanding the anatomical and physiological basis of cognitive deficits and may provide additional insight into susceptibility to future injury. Computational modeling may advance our understanding of concussion.
Corticosteroid Dosing in Pediatric Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Choshen Sapir , Finnamore Helen , Auth Marcus K.H. , Bdolah‐Abram Tali , Shteyer Eyal , Mack David , Hyams Jeffrey , Leleiko Neal , Griffiths Anne , Turner Dan 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:We aimed to explore the optimal dosing of intravenous‐corticosteroids (IVCS) using a robust statistical method on the largest pediatric cohort of acute severe colitis to date.Methods:Two hundred eighty‐three children treated with IVCS for ulcerative colitis were included and studied for 1 year (46% boys, age 12.1 ± 3.9 years, disease duration 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 0–14) months, baseline Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index 69 ± 13 points). Confounding by indication was addressed by matching high‐ and low‐IVCS dose patients according to the propensity score method, using 3 cutoffs (1 mg · kg−1 · methylprednisolone to 40 mg · day−1, 1.25 mg · kg−1 to 50 mg · day−1 and 2 mg · kg−1 to 80 mg · day−1).Results:The median IVCS dose in the entire cohort was 1.0 mg · kg−1 · day−1 (IQR 0.8–1.4) and 44 mg · kg−1 · day−1 (32–60). Ninety‐four of 283 children were matched in the low‐dose cutoff (1 mg · kg−1 · day−1), 218 of 283 were matched in the middle cutoff (1.25 mg · kg−1 · day−1), and 86/283 in the high dose cutoff (2 mg · kg−1 · day−1). No differences were found in 25 pretreatment baseline variables in the three cutoffs, implying successful matching. There were no statistical differences in the outcomes of the two lower cutoffs (including need for salvage therapy during admission and by 1 years, admission duration, and day‐5 Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index<35 points; all P > 0.05). In the high cutoff, the higher doses were somewhat better but this benefit reversed in a sensitivity analysis excluding one center. High doses were not associated with better outcome also in a propensity score‐weighted regression model on the entire cohort.Conclusions:Our data support present guidelines that doses of IVCS >1 to 1.5 mg · kg−1 · day−1 (maximum 40–60 mg · kg−1 · day−1) are not justified in acute severe colitis.
Microbial contributions to subterranean methane sinks
Authors: Lennon J. T. , Nguyễn-Thùy D. , Phạm Đú’c N. , Drobniak A. , Tạ Hòa P. , Pham T.M. , Streil T. , Webster K.D. , Schimmelmann A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the sources and sinks of methane (CH4) is critical for predicting and managing global biogeochemical cycles. Recent studies have reported that CH4concentrations in cave ecosystems are depleted and that these subterranean environments may act as a daily sinks for atmospheric CH4. It has been hypothesized that this CH4depletion may be caused by radiolysis, an abiotic process whereby CH4is oxidized via interactions with ionizing radiation derived from radon decay. Alternatively, the depletion of CH4concentrations could be due to biological processes, specifically oxidation by methanotrophic bacteria. We theoretically explored the radiolysis hypothesis and conclude that it is a kinetically constrained process that is unlikely to lead to the rapid loss of CH4in subterranean environments. We present experimental results to support this claim. We tested the microbial oxidation hypothesis in a set of mesocosm experiments that were conducted in Vietnamese caves. Our results reveal that methanotrophic bacteria associated with cave rocks consume CH4at a rate of 1.33 - 2.70 mg CH4· m-2· d-1. These CH4oxidation rates equal or exceed what has been reported in other habitats, including agricultural systems, grasslands, deciduous forests, and Arctic tundra. As such, microbial methanotrophy has the potential to significantly oxidize CH4in caves, but also smaller-size open subterranean spaces, such as cracks, fissures, and other pores that are connected to and rapidly exchange with the atmosphere. Future studies are needed to understand how subterranean CH4oxidation scales up to affect regional and global CH4cycling.
Purifying selection and drift, not life history or RNAi, determine transposable element evolution
Authors: Szitenberg Amir , Cha Soyeon , Opperman Charles H. , Bird David M. , Blaxter Mark , Lunt David H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) are a major source of genome variation across the branches of life. Although TEs may occasionally play an adaptive role in their host’s genome, they are much more often deleterious, and purifying selection is thus an important factor controlling genomic TE loads. In contrast, life history and genomic characteristics such as mating system, parasitism, GC content, and RNAi pathways, have been suggested to account for the startling disparity of TE loads in different species. Previous studies of fungal, plant, and animal genomes have reported conflicting results regarding the direction in which these genomic features drive TE evolution. Many of these studies have had limited power because they studied taxonomically narrow systems, comparing only a limited number of phylogenetically independent contrasts, and did not address long term effects on TE evolution. Here we explicitly test the long term determinants of TE evolution by comparing 42 nematode genomes that span over 500 million years of diversification, and include numerous transitions between life history states and RNAi pathways. We have analysed the reconstructed TE loads of ancestors through the Nematoda phylogeny to account for correlation with GC content and transitions in TE evolutionary models. We also analysed the effect of transitions in life history characteristics and RNAi using ANOVA of phylogenetically independent contrasts. We show that purifying selection against TEs is the dominant force throughout the evolutionary history of Nematoda, as indicated by reconstructed ancestral TE loads, and that strong stochastic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes are the underlying models which best explain TE diversification among extant species. In contrast we found no evidence that life history or RNAi variations have a significant influence upon genomic TE load across extended periods of evolutionary history. We suggest that these are largely inconsequential to the large differences in TE content observed between genomes and only by these large-scale comparisons can we distinguish long term and persistent effects from transient effects or misleading random changes.
Genomic Bayesian Prediction Model for Count Data with Genotype × Environment Interaction
Authors: Montesinos-López Abelardo , Montesinos-López Osval A. , Crossa José , Burgueño Juan , Eskridge Kent M. , Falconi-Castillo Esteban , He Xingyao , Singh Pawan , Cichy Karen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGenomic tools allow the study of the whole genome and are facilitating the study of genotype-environment combinations and their relationship with the phenotype. However, most genomic prediction models developed so far are appropriate for Gaussian phenotypes. For this reason, appropriate genomic prediction models are needed for count data, since the conventional regression models used on count data with a large sample size (n) and a small number of parameters (p) cannot be used for genomic-enabled prediction where the number of parameters (p) is larger than the sample size (n). Here we propose a Bayesian mixed negative binomial (BMNB) genomic regression model for counts that takes into account genotype by environment (G×E) interaction. We also provide all the full conditional distributions to implement a Gibbs sampler. We evaluated the proposed model using a simulated data set and a real wheat data set from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and collaborators. Results indicate that our BMNB model is a viable alternative for analyzing count data.
MeSH-informed enrichment analysis and MeSH-guided semantic similarity among functional terms and gene products in chicken
Authors: Morota Gota , Beissinger Timothy M , Peñagaricano Francisco 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBiomedical vocabularies and ontologies aid in recapitulating biological knowledge. The annotation of gene products is mainly accelerated by Gene Ontology (GO) and more recently by Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Here we report a suite of MeSH packages for chicken in Bioconductor and illustrate some features of different MeSH-based analyses, including MeSH-informed enrichment analysis and MeSH-guided semantic similarity among terms and gene products, using two lists of chicken genes available in public repositories. The two published datasets that were employed represent (i) differentially expressed genes and (ii) candidate genes under selective sweep or epistatic selection. The comparison of MeSH with GO overrepresentation analyses suggested not only that MeSH supports the findings obtained from GO analysis but also that MeSH is able to further enrich the representation of biological knowledge and often provide more interpretable results. Based on the hierarchical structures of MeSH and GO, we computed semantic similarities among vocabularies as well as semantic similarities among selected genes. These yielded the similarity levels between significant functional terms, and the annotation of each gene yielded the measures of gene similarity. Our findings show the benefits of using MeSH as an alternative choice of annotation in order to draw biological inferences from a list of genes of interest. We argue that the use of MeSH in conjunction with GO will be instrumental in facilitating the understanding of the genetic basis of complex traits.
Market orientation, distributor relationship, and return on assets
Authors: Guo Chiquan , Wang Yong 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore how market orientation is related to relationship building outcomes in the downstream distribution process. The authors examine the role of distributor satisfaction in mediating the association between market orientation in distribution and return on assets.

Design/methodology/approach
– Market orientation in distribution was measured by distributor orientation, competitor orientation, and interfunctional coordination.

Findings
– Results showed that the positive relationship between market orientation in distribution and distributor satisfaction was strongly supported. While distributor orientation and competitor orientation were both positively related to distributor satisfaction and return on assets, interfunctional coordination was not related to either distributor satisfaction or return on assets. However, interfunctional coordination lessened the positive relationship between distributor orientation and distributor satisfaction.

Originality/value
– This study fills research void in downstream relationship building in the distribution process in a business-to-business context.
Guerrilla marketing’s effects on Gen Y’s word-of-mouth intention – a mediation of credibility
Authors: Dinh Tam Duc , Mai Khuong Ngoc 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to integrate guerrilla marketing characteristics into advertising model through which the perceived effects of guerrilla marketing on Gen Y are identified, and to examine such effects on word of mouth (WOM) activity with the mediation of message credibility.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study obtains its exploratory purpose through quantitative method by asking Gen Y participants about their perceptions of 20 guerrilla advertisements in the questionnaires. Those advertisements and the advertising scales are selectively chosen from previous literature so that the results truthfully reflect the effects of guerrilla marketing under consumer perspective.

Findings
– The results show that, creativity, as a combination of novelty and relevance, has the strongest direct and indirect effect on WOM intention. Similarly, surprise factor, the claimed root philosophy of guerrilla marketing, is confirmed when it also impacts directly and indirectly consumer behaviour. Message credibility plays a meaningful mediation role, and through this, message clarity manifests its indirect influence on WOM.

Originality/value
– The study supports the belief that guerrilla marketing is suitable for any business because of its effectiveness and efficiency. More significantly, the awareness of Gen Y consumers of the advertisements, with or without knowing that these ads belong to guerrilla advertising, strengthens the expectation that guerrilla marketing in general and guerrilla advertising in particular are recommended choices when they reflect what common marketing and advertising should be.
The temporal properties of e-learning: an exploratory study of academics ' conceptions
Authors: Martins Jorge , Nunes Miguel Baptista 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an exploratory study that investigates Portuguese academics’ conceptions concerning the temporal properties of e-learning, in the context of traditional Higher Education Institutions.Design/methodology/approach– Grounded Theory methodology was used to systematically analyse data collected in semi-structured interviews with 62 academics. Data analysis followed the constant comparative method and its three-staged coding approach: open, axial and selective coding. Data collection and analysis developed until theoretical saturation was reached.Findings– Emergent academics’ conceptions concerning the temporal properties of e-learning indicate the existence of unregulated and unaccounted for dynamics, which are a direct consequence of transitioning from campus-based lecturing to teaching online using the affordances of virtual learning environments. This transition produces disruptions to established workload metrics and work patterns, as well as conflicts with dominant modes of instructional delivery that are not synchronised with the demands of online interaction and immediacy.Originality/value– This paper is valuable to e-learning strategists and administrators. An understanding of the temporal properties of e-learning as perceived by academics provides actionable knowledge that is directly applicable to the design of suitable work arrangements, normative frameworks and e-learning practices that address perceived time-related barriers. To mitigate the time-related conflicts and disruptions identified in the study the authors suggest the establishment of university-wide norms of virtual presence and the implementation of temporal protocols to sustain the productive engagement between instructors and learners.
Re-examining students’ perception of e-learning: an Australian perspective
Authors: Loh Claire , Wong David H , Quazi Ali , Kingshott Russel Philip 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– Australian tertiary institutions are increasingly incorporating technologies, such as social media and Web 2.0 tools into teaching in response to changing student needs. The purpose of this paper is to revisit a fundamental question, frequently asked in marketing, “what do our ‘customers’ [students] think now?” This will help determine the effectiveness of application of these technologies in courses and teaching programs in a changing competitive educational environment.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using a mixed method approach, data were collected through 31 qualitative interviews and a survey of 231 university marketing students. Quantitative techniques included summary statistics, factor analysis and t-test.

Findings
– Results indicate while students’ perceived flexibility and better learning outcomes as positive aspects of e-learning, they have concerns about flexibility for self-paced learning, self-motivational issues, lack of human interaction and fostering teamwork.

Research limitations/implications
– The study is limited to one Australian university operating in domestic and international markets. However, the study needs to be replicated for better generalizability across the sector.

Practical implications
– The findings question the effectiveness of e-learning as an alternative approach to face-to-face learning pedagogy. However, regular review of current e-learning tools is needed to help match student and tertiary institution expectations.

Originality/value
– This study re-investigates students’ perception in relation to the benefits that e-learning is expected to yield. It is one of the few studies questioning whether these promised benefits are valued by the tertiary student fraternity.
The economic consequences of crime in Italy
Authors: Carboni Oliviero A. , Detotto Claudio 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to employ provincial data to study the relationship between several crime typologies, namely murder, robbery, extortion and fraud and economic output in Italy.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors propose a spatial econometric approach where the spatial proximity is defined by a measure of physical distance between locations, in order to take into account possible spill-over effects.

Findings
– The results of the spatial estimation suggest that criminal activities, namely murder and robbery, exhibit a negative impact on Italian gross domestic product while fraud and total crime do not affect economic output and that there are beneficial spill-overs from neighbouring provinces.

Originality/value
– The study empirically shows that only violent crimes have a crowding-out effect on economic output.
Debate on Global Urbanisms and the Nature of Urban Theory
Authors: Robinson Jennifer , Roy Ananya 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUrban studies is undergoing a phase of rich experimentation, with a proliferation of paradigms and exploration or invention of various methodologies inspired by the diversity and shifting geographies of global urbanization. In particular, there has been an effort to rethink the Euro–American legacy of urban studies and consider the relational multiplicities, diverse histories and dynamic connectivities of global urbanisms. Such a task is especially important at a time when significant urban transformations are underway in the global South. From the remaking of the developmental state at the urban scale to fierce struggles over land, housing and urban services to ambitious visions of the world‐class city, these urban processes cannot be understood as simply a postscript to the urban transformations of the North Atlantic.
Optimal Drug Control under Risk of Drug Resistance – The Case of African Animal Trypanosomosis
Authors: Liebenehm Sabine , Bett Bernard , Verdugo Cristobal , Said Mohamed 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe examine two widely used treatment strategies for African animal trypanosomosis in West Africa: preventive drug control ex‐ante trypanosomosis infection and curative drug control ex‐post trypanosomosis infection. We investigate which combination of these alternative strategies is economically optimal for cattle farmers. We apply a dynamic optimisation framework to consider both the negative externality of drug resistance development and human behaviour. We develop a bio‐economic model to simulate the economic consequences of treatment strategies in a dynamic scenario that takes into account the interactions among the vector, host and livestock farmers. This model allows for the evolution of drug‐resistant trypanosomes through trypanocide misuse and simulates the observed behaviours of cattle farmers based on the elicited risk and time preferences of a sample of 202 cattle farmers in Mali and Burkina Faso. The results show that the private optimal mix of treatment strategies for a risk averse and patient farmer involves preventive treatment for susceptible cattle, supported by a small number of curative treatments for infected cattle. Compared with the treatment strategies observed in the field, this optimal mix of treatment strategies would save approximately 5% of the annual income of a livestock farmer in the study area and would reduce the prevalence of trypanosomosis. In addition, we demonstrate that a reduction in a farmer's risk aversion is associated with higher treatment rates that can avoid additional losses. By contrast, a decrease in a farmer's patience is related to lower treatment rates that thwart additional benefits. Our results suggest that individual risk and time preferences need to be considered in the development process of disease control interventions.
Genomic Resources Notes Accepted 1 August 2015 – 31 September 2015
Authors:   Genomic Resources Development Consortium, Kohler Annegret , Kremer Antoine , Le Provost Grégoire , Lesur Isabelle , Lin Gonhua , Martin Francis , Plomion Christophe , Wu Aiguo , Zhao Fang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article documents the public availability of transcriptomic resources for (i) the Hazelnut tree (Corylus avellana L.) and (ii) the oriental rat flea and primary plague vector, Xenopsylla cheopis.