bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Old dog begging for new tricks: current practices and future directions in the diagnosis of delayed antimicrobial hypersensitivity
Authors: Konvinse Katherine C. , Phillips Elizabeth J. , White Katie D. , Trubiano Jason A. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose of reviewAntimicrobials are a leading cause of severe T cell-mediated adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The purpose of this review is to address the current understanding of antimicrobial cross-reactivity and the ready availability of and evidence for in-vitro, in-vivo, and ex-vivo diagnostics for T cell-mediated ADRs.Recent findingsRecent literature has evaluated the efficacy of traditional antibiotic allergy management, including patch testing, skin prick testing, intradermal testing, and oral challenge. Although patch and intradermal testing are specific for the diagnosis of immune-mediated ADRs, they suffer from drug-specific limitations in sensitivity. The use of ex-vivo diagnostics, especially enzyme-linked immunospot, has been highlighted as a promising new approach to assigning causality. Knowledge of true rates of antimicrobial cross-reactivity aids empirical antibiotic choice in the setting of previous immune-mediated ADRs.SummaryIn an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance and use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy, ensuring patients are assigned the correct ‘allergy label’ is essential. Re-exposure to implicated antimicrobials, especially in the setting of severe adverse cutaneous reaction, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The process through which an antibiotic label gets assigned, acted on and maintained is still imprecise. Predicting T cell-mediated ADRs via personalized approaches, including human leukocyte antigen-typing, may pave future pathways to safer antimicrobial prescribing guidelines.
A Comparison of Right Unilateral and Sequential Bilateral Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Major Depression
Authors: Galletly Cherrie A. , Carnell Benjamin L. , Clarke Patrick , Gill Shane 
Published: October 2016

Background
A great deal of research has established the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of depression. However, questions remain about the optimal method to deliver treatment. One area requiring consideration is the difference in efficacy between bilateral and unilateral treatment protocols.

Objective
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of sequential bilateral rTMS and right unilateral rTMS.

Methods
A total of 135 patients participated in the study, receiving either bilateral rTMS (N = 57) or right unilateral rTMS (N = 78). Treatment response was assessed using the Hamilton depression rating scale.

Results
Sequential bilateral rTMS had a higher response rate than right unilateral (43.9% vs 30.8%), but this difference was not statistically significant. This was also the case for remission rates (33.3% vs 21.8%, respectively). Controlling for pretreatment severity of depression, the results did not indicate a significant difference between the protocols with regard to posttreatment Hamilton depression rating scale scores.

Conclusions
The current study found no statistically significant differences in response and remission rates between sequential bilateral rTMS and right unilateral rTMS. Given the shorter treatment time and the greater safety and tolerability of right unilateral rTMS, this may be a better choice than bilateral treatment in clinical settings.
From Typical Sequences to Typical Genotypes
Authors: Tal Omri , Tran Tat Dat , Portegies Jacobus 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe demonstrate an application of a core notion of information theory, that of typical sequences and their related properties, to analysis of population genetic data. Based on the asymptotic equipartition property (AEP) for non-stationary discrete-time sources producing independent symbols, we introduce the concepts oftypical genotypesandpopulation entropy rateandcross entropy rate.We analyze three perspectives on typical genotypes: a set perspective on the interplay of typical sets of genotypes from two populations, a geometric perspective on their structure in high dimensional space, and a statistical learning perspective on the prospects of constructing typical-set based classifiers. In particular, we show that such classifiers have a surprising resilience to noise originating from small population samples, and highlight the potential for further links between inference and communication.
On the active deformations of hybrid specimens
Authors: Chiarelli Mario Rosario , Binante Vincenzo , Botturi Stefano , Massai Andrea , Kunzmann Jan , Colbertaldo Angelo , Romano Diego Giuseppe 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study concerns numerical studies and experimental validation of the mechanical behavior of hybrid specimens. These kinds of composite specimens are made up of thin carbon and glass substrates on which some Macro Fiber Composite® (MFC) piezoelectric patches are glued. A proper design and manufacturing of the hybrid specimens as well as testing activities have been performed. The research activity has been carried out under the FutureWings project, funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper describes the basic assumptions made to define specimen geometries and to carry out experimental tests. Finite element (FE) results and experimental data (laser technique measurements) have been compared: it shows very good agreement for the displacements’ distribution along the specimens.

Findings
Within the objectives of the project, the study of passive and active deformation characteristics of the hybrid composite material has provided reference technical data and has allowed for the correct adaptation of the FE models. More in particular, using the hybrid specimens, both the bending deformations and the torsion deformations have been studied.

Practical implications
The deformation capability of the hybrid specimens will be used in the development of prototypical three-dimensional structures, that, through the electrical control of the MFC patches, will be able to change the curvature of their cross section or will be able to change the angle of torsion along their longitudinal axis.

Originality/value
The design of nonstandard specimens and the tests executed represent a novelty in the field of structures using piezoelectric actuators. The numerical and experimental data of the present research constitute a small step forward in the field of smart materials technology.
PyPAD: a multidisciplinary framework for preliminary airframe design
Authors: Travaglini Lorenzo , Ricci Sergio , Bindolino Giampiero 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of an integrated framework suitable for preliminary airframe design, called PyPAD (Python module for Preliminary Aircraft Design), providing the capability to define models to compute loads and to perform the structural sizing.

Design/methodology/approach
The modules developed until now allow for the definition of multi-fidelity aero-structural models starting from a Common Parametric Aircraft Configuration Schema (CPACS) input file and to compute static loads (trim) and flutter margin with minimum user effort. PyPAD take advantages of Abaqus-CAE, and the main functions are developed in Python, to take advantages of the simplicity in terms of software development and maintenance, but the core routines are developed in Fortran, taking advantages of parallel programming to get the best performances.

Findings
A complete test case, starting from the CPACS input and ending with the definition of structural, aerodynamic and aero-elastic models, with the computation of different design loads, is reported. An example will show that the framework developed is able to handle different problematics of the preliminary projects using quite complex global models.

Practical implications
All the tools developed in the framework, and the ones currently under development, could be a valid help during the preliminary design of a new aircraft, speeding up the iterative process and improving the design solution.

Originality/value
PyPAD is the first framework developed around Abaqus-CAE for the preliminary aircraft design and is one of the few tools looking at the different problematics involved in a preliminary airframe design: design, loads and aero-elasticity, sizing and multi-disciplinary optimization.
Middle East luxury retail sector – opportunities or uncertainties in the future?
Authors: Moser Roger , Narayanamurthy Gopalakrishnan 
Published: October 2016

Subject area
The subject area is international business and global operations.

Study level/applicability
The study includes BSc, MSc and MBA students and management trainees who are interested in learning how an industry can be assessed to make a decision on market entry/expansion. Even senior management teams could be targeted in executive education programs, as this case provides a detailed procedure and methodology that is also used by companies (multinational corporations and small- and medium-sized enterprises) to develop strategies on corporate and functional levels.

Case overview
A group of five senior executive teams of different Swiss luxury and lifestyle companies wanted to enter the Middle East market. To figure out the optimal market entry and operating strategies, the senior executive team approached the Head of the Swiss Business Hub Middle East of Switzerland Global Enterprise, Thomas Meier, in December 2012. Although being marked with great potential and an over-proportional growth, the Middle Eastern luxury market contained impediments that international firms had to take into consideration. Therefore, Thomas had to analyze the future outlook for this segment of the Middle East retail sector to develop potential strategies for the five different Swiss luxury and lifestyle companies to potentially operate successfully in the Middle East luxury and lifestyle market.

Expected learning outcomes
The study identifies barriers and operations challenges especially for Swiss and other foreign luxury and lifestyle retailers in the Middle East, understands the future (2017) institutional environment of the luxury and lifestyle retail sector in the Middle East and applies the institutions-resources matrix in the context of a Swiss company to evaluate the uncertainties prevailing in the Middle East luxury and lifestyle retail sector. It helps in turning insights about future developments in an industry (segment) into consequences for the corporate and functional strategies of a company.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or e-mail support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 5: International Business.
Public private partnership (PPP) outcomes in e-government – a social capital explanation
Authors: Das Aundhe Madhuchhanda , Narasimhan Ramesh 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explain how and why the intangible critical success factors (CSFs) determine the outcomes of public-private partnerships (PPP) projects in e-governance.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing from the literature, PPP was conceptualized as an organization which facilitates the creation of social capital. It is argued that the intangible CSFs correspond to the key dimensions of the social capital that drives the development of intellectual capital in the course of addressing the challenges faced during the execution of an e-governance project. These efforts determine the accomplishment of the desired project objectives. The emergent framework was applied to an e-governance PPP project to anecdotally exemplify how the deficiency of organizational characteristics impedes the formation of social capital, resulting in project failure.

Findings
A theoretical framework was developed to illuminate the mechanisms and the attendant propositions that explain how and why the intangible factors influence the PPP outcomes.

Research limitations/implications
This study fills a critical gap in the literature on PPP projects in general, and on e-governance projects in particular. It also extends the application of the social capital framework from an intra-organizational to an inter-organizational context.

Practical implications
The results of this study foster a better understanding of the drivers of success in managing a PPP model in e-governance initiatives.

Social implications
This research work would help in improving the formulation and management of PPPs in the emerging economies, which could potentially enhance the societal outcomes.

Originality/value
The explanatory framework of this research serves as a useful perspective to address policy and program implementation issues of PPP initiatives in e-governance.
Media reactions to the Panorama programme “Behind Closed Doors: Social Care Exposed” and care staff reflections on publicity of poor practice in the care sector
Authors: Manthorpe Jill , Njoya Esther , Harris Jess , Norrie Caroline , Moriarty Jo 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of media reactions to the BBC Television Panorama programme,Behind Closed Doors’ and to set this in the context of interviews with care staff about their reflections on publicity about poor practice in the care sector.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reports on an analysis of media reactions to recent exposé of abuse in social care in England and data from an interview-based study of care workers. The interviews were analysed to consider the impact of such media reports on staff and to explore their views of action that might be need to be taken about care failings.FindingsThere are mixed reactions to exposé of poor care on television and to the debates that precede and follow their broadcast. Debates occur in print and on television, but also in social media. The particular exposé of care home practices by the Panorama programme,Behind Closed Doors, led to debate in England about the potential role of covert cameras in care homes. The interviews revealed that while care staff are affected by scandals in the media about social care, they do not necessarily focus on themes that the media stories subsequently highlight. Overall some are disenchanted while others have ideas of what needs to change to improve practice. Care staff consider that there remain problems in raising concerns about practices and some staff feel unable to stay in workplaces where they have made complaints.Research limitations/implicationsThe care workers interviewed may not be representative of the sector and they may have wished to provide socially acceptable answers to the researchers. Practice was not observed.Practical implicationsLocal Safeguarding Adult Boards may wish to develop a communications strategy to deal with requests for reactions to media reports locally and nationally. Safeguarding practitioners may wish to prepare for increased referrals following media coverage of poor care in their areas. They may later be able to use media reports to discuss any local differences of interpretation over matters such as prosecutions for abuse. Trainers and educationalists may wish to clarify the importance given by care providers to raising concerns, the ways in which difficult conversations can be held, and the protections available to whistle-blowers or those raising concerns – with local examples to provide assurance that this is not mere rhetoric.Originality/valueTelevision reports of problems with social care attract wide media interest but the authors know very little about how care workers respond to depictions of their work and their occupational grouping. This paper links media and expert commentator reactions to television exposé with data acquired from interviews with those on the frontline of care.
The potential uses and abuses of a power of entry for social workers in England: a re-analysis of responses to a government consultation
Authors: Norrie Caroline , Manthorpe Jill , Martineau Stephen , Stevens Martin 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
Whether social workers should have a power of entry in cases where individuals seem to be hindering safeguarding enquiries for community-dwelling adults at risk is a topical question in England. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a re-examination of relevant sections of the 2012 Government Safeguarding Power of Entry Consultation.

Design/methodology/approach
Re-analysis of responses to question three of the 2012 Government’s Safeguarding Power of Entry Consultation was undertaken in late 2015-early 2016. The consultation submissions were located and searched for information on views of the prevalence of the situations where access to an adult at risk (with decision-making capacity) is being hindered by a third party and the nature of examples where a new power of entry might be considered appropriate by consultation respondents.

Findings
The majority of respondents to the consultation generally reported that situations when a new power of entry would be required were not encountered regularly; however a minority of respondents stated these situations occurred more frequently. Examples of situations where third parties appeared to be hindering access were given across the different categories of adults at risk and types of abuse and current practices were described. Respondents observed that the risks of excessive or inappropriate use of any new powers needed to be considered carefully.

Originality/value
This re-analysis sheds light on the prevalence and circumstances of the problems encountered about access to adults at risk. The legal framework of adult safeguarding continues to be of interest to policy makers, researchers and practitioners.
Fashion spheres – from a systemic to a sphereological perspective of fashion
Authors: Laurell Christofer 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how the fragmentation of the fashion system can be conceptually explained by drawing on Peter Sloterdijk’s theory of spheres.

Design/methodology/approach
By conceptually discussing the changing nature of the fashion system and the institutional pressures exerted on fashion systems as a result of digital technology, the fundamental conceptual underpinnings of the theory of spheres are applied to these developments in order to explain the character of the contemporary organization of fashion.

Findings
Based on the conceptual analysis, this paper illustrates how a sphereological perspective to fashion provides a conceptual approach to explain the transformation and fragmentation of fashion systems.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the field of fashion marketing and management by demonstrating how the concept of fashion spheres can explain social arrangements going beyond the boundaries of fashion systems and the associated implications that this brings to bear on the role of fashion.
What is sustainable fashion?
Authors: Henninger Claudia E. , Alevizou Panayiota J. , Oates Caroline J. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine what the term sustainable fashion means from the perspective of micro-organisations, experts, and consumers.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is qualitative in nature, utilising a multi-methods case study approach (semi-structured interviews, semiotics, questionnaires). Grounded analysis was applied to analyse the data.

Findings
Findings indicate that interpretation of sustainable fashion is context and person dependent. A matrix of key criteria provides the opportunity to find common elements.

Research limitations/implications
Due to the nature of this research the sample size is limited and may not be generalised. Data were collected in the UK and are limited to a geographical region.

Practical implications
An important implication is that defining sustainable fashion is vital in order to avoid challenges, such as greenwashing, which were faced in other industries that have a longer history in sustainable practices. Micro-organisations should take advantage of identifying key sustainable fashion criteria, which will enable them to promote their fashion collections more effectively.

Social implications
The criteria identified provide assurance for consumers that sustainable fashion is produced with social aspects in mind (fair wages, good working conditions).

Originality/value
The paper proposes a matrix that allows micro-organisations to clearly identify their collections as sustainable.
Leadership and management in UK medical school curricula
Authors: Jefferies Richard , Sheriff Ibrahim H.N. , Matthews Jacob H. , Jagger Olivia , Curtis Sarah , Lees Peter , Spurgeon Peter C. , Oldman Alex , Habib Ali , Saied Azam , Court Jessica , Giannoudi Marilena , Sayma Meelad , Ward Nicholas , Cork Nick , Olatokun Olamide , Devine Oliver , O'Connell Paul , Carr Phoebe , Angelos Kotronias Rafail , Gardiner Rebecca , Buckle Rory T , Thomson Ross J , Williams Sarah , Nicholson Simon J. , Goga Usman , Fountain Daniel Mark 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
Although medical leadership and management (MLM) is increasingly being recognised as important to improving healthcare outcomes, little is understood about current training of medical students in MLM skills and behaviours in the UK. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative study used validated structured interviews with expert faculty members from medical schools across the UK to ascertain MLM framework integration, teaching methods employed, evaluation methods and barriers to improvement.

Findings
Data were collected from 25 of the 33 UK medical schools (76 per cent response rate), with 23/25 reporting that MLM content is included in their curriculum. More medical schools assessed MLM competencies on admission than at any other time of the curriculum. Only 12 schools had evaluated MLM teaching at the time of data collection. The majority of medical schools reported barriers, including overfilled curricula and reluctance of staff to teach. Whilst 88 per cent of schools planned to increase MLM content over the next two years, there was a lack of consensus on proposed teaching content and methods.

Research limitations/implications
There is widespread inclusion of MLM in UK medical schools’ curricula, despite the existence of barriers. This study identified substantial heterogeneity in MLM teaching and assessment methods which does not meet students’ desired modes of delivery. Examples of national undergraduate MLM teaching exist worldwide, and lessons can be taken from these.

Originality/value
This is the first national evaluation of MLM in undergraduate medical school curricula in the UK, highlighting continuing challenges with executing MLM content despite numerous frameworks and international examples of successful execution.