bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Momentum anomaly: evidence from the Indian stock market
Authors: Maheshwari Supriya , Dhankar Raj Singh 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the profitability of momentum strategies in the Indian stock market. This study further evaluates whether the momentum effect is a manifestation of size, value or an illiquidity effect.

Design/methodology/approach
Monthly stock return data of 470 BSE listed stocks over the sample period from January 1997 to March 2013 were used to create extreme portfolios (winner and loser). The returns of extreme portfolios were evaluated using t-statistics and a risk-adjusted measure. Further checks were imposed by controlling for other potential sources of risk including size, value and illiquidity.

Findings
The study provides support in favor of momentum profitability in the Indian stock market. In contrast to the literature, momentum profitability is driven by winning stocks, and hence, buying past winning stocks generates higher returns than shorting loosing stocks in the Indian stock market. Strong momentum profits were observed even after controlling for size, value and trading volume of stocks. This suggests that the momentum effect in the Indian stock market is not a manifestation of small size effect, value effect or an illiquidity effect.

Practical implications
From the practitioner’s perspective, the study indicates that a momentum-based investment strategy in the short run is still persistent and can generate potential profits in the Indian stock market.

Originality/value
There is little empirical evidence on the momentum profitability, especially in the Indian stock market. The study contributes toward the literature by analyzing the momentum profitability even after controlling for size, value and an illiquidity effect. Some aspects of the momentum effect were observed to be dissimilar from those observed in literature for the USA and other countries. Such findings justify the need for testing the momentum profitability in stock markets other than the USA.
Asymmetric sensitivity of ecosystem carbon and water processes in response to precipitation change in a semi‐arid steppe
Authors: Zhang Bingwei , Tan Xingru , Wang Shanshan , Chen Minling , Chen Shiping , Ren Tingting , Xia Jianyang , Bai Yongfei , Huang Jianhui , Han Xingguo 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Semi‐arid ecosystems play an important role in regulating the dynamics of the global terrestrial CO2 sink. These dynamics are mainly driven by increasing inter‐annual precipitation variability. However, how ecosystem carbon processes respond to changes in precipitation is not well understood, due to a lack of substantial experimental evidence that combines increased and decreased precipitation treatments.

This study, a 3‐year field manipulation experiment with five precipitation levels conducted in a semi‐arid steppe, examined the impacts of increased and decreased precipitation on ecosystem CO2 (GEP: gross ecosystem photosynthesis; ER: ecosystem respiration; NEE: net ecosystem CO2 exchange), water exchange (ET: evapotranspiration), and resource use efficiency (CUE: carbon use efficiency; WUE: water use efficiency).

We found that decreased precipitation reduced ecosystem CO2, water exchange and resource use efficiency significantly, while increased precipitation did not cause significant influence on them. That is, they responded more sensitively to decreased precipitation. Soil water availability was the most important driver determining changes in GEP, ER and ET. Changes in NEE, CUE and WUE were predominately regulated by soil temperature. Photosynthesis at leaf and ecosystem levels showed significantly greater sensitivity to changed precipitation than respiration and ET, and therefore determined the trends of net carbon uptake and resource use efficiency.

This study highlighted an asymmetric response of ecosystem carbon and water processes to altered precipitation. This is potentially important for improving our understanding of how possible future changes in precipitation will affect the carbon cycle. Taking this asymmetric response into consideration will inevitably reduce uncertainties in predicting the dynamics of the global carbon cycle.

A lay summary is available for this article.
Muslim American adolescents’ explanations of changing religious practices: Cultural tools in cultural contexts
Authors: Cain Kathleen M. , Schiro Isabella N. , Gregory Wesley E. , Westberg Lindsay M. , Lee Samantha R. , Boyle Colleen D. 
Published: January 2017

To examine the culturally embedded nature of religious practices, we conducted a mixed‐methods study in which Muslim American adolescents described how and why their religious practices had changed in recent years (see Etengoff & Daiute, 2013, J. Adolesc. Res., 28, 690). Participants included 201 Muslim adolescents (ages 13–19) from predominantly immigrant families; all were contestants in a Muslim Inter‐Scholastic Tournament regional competition. Participants completed surveys including an item regarding whether their religious practices had changed, and for those who answered affirmatively, open‐ended questions about the change. Additional measures assessed ethnic identity and perceived discrimination. As hypothesized, the 60% of participants who reported a change in religious practices described this shift as a response to new contexts, people, and religious knowledge. Those who reported a change also reported higher levels of ethnic identity exploration and perceived discrimination. Overall, Muslim American adolescents’ descriptions portrayed religious practices as developing through reciprocal interactions with culture. More generally, participants’ descriptions point to the viability of a model in which religious practices change and in turn are changed by cultural contexts.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Religious development is viewed as taking place in relational systems with reciprocity between individuals and surrounding contexts.

Variations in contexts predict variations in religious development, but mechanisms of development are not well understood.

Muslim Americans, including adolescents, show high levels of religious involvement and experience unique cultural and religious contexts.

Muslim American emerging adults describe their religious practices as responsive to sociocultural contexts.

What does the study add?

This study focuses on Muslim American adolescents, a group that has received little research attention, especially in regard to religious development.

Participants reported a wide array of changes in religious practices, and they described these changes as responses to social and cultural influences.

Participants’ descriptions of changing practices can be understood through a Vygotskian framework in which religious practices are cultural tools that both respond to and shape surrounding cultural contexts.
Detection of prostate cancer using magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasonography image‐fusion targeted biopsy in African‐American men
Authors: Shin Toshitaka , Smyth Thomas B. , Ukimura Osamu , Ahmadi Nariman , de Castro Abreu Andre Luis , Oishi Masakatsu , Mimata Hiromitsu , Gill Inderbir S. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic yield of targeted prostate biopsy in African‐American (A‐A) men using image fusion of multi‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) with real‐time transrectal ultrasonography (US).Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 661 patients (117 A‐A and 544 Caucasian) who had mpMRI before biopsy and then underwent MRI/US image‐fusion targeted biopsy (FTB) between October 2012 and August 2015. The mpMRIs were reported on a 5‐point Likert scale of suspicion. Clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPC) was defined as biopsy Gleason score ≥7.ResultsAfter controlling for age, prostate‐specific antigen level and prostate volume, there were no significant differences between A‐A and Caucasian men in the detection rate of overall cancer (35.0% vs 34.2%, P = 0.9) and CSPC (18.8% vs 21.7%, P = 0.3) with MRI/US FTB. There were no significant differences between the races in the location of dominant lesions on mpMRI, and in the proportion of 5‐point Likert scoring. In A‐A men, MRI/US FTB from the grade 4–5 lesions outperformed random biopsy in the detection rate of overall cancer (70.6% vs 37.2%, P = 0.003) and CSPC (52.9% vs 12.4%, P < 0.001). MRI/US FTB outperformed random biopsy in cancer core length (5.0 vs 2.4 mm, P = 0.001), in cancer rate per core (24.9% vs 6.8%, P < 0.001), and in efficiency for detecting one patient with CSPC (mean number of cores needed 13.3 vs 81.9, P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsOur key finding confirms a lack of racial difference in the detection rate of overall prostate cancers and CSPC with MRI/US FTB between A‐A and Caucasian men. MRI/US FTB detected more CSPC using fewer cores compared with random biopsy.
Parenting and the Adjustment of Children Born to Gay Fathers Through Surrogacy
Authors: Golombok Susan , Blake Lucy , Slutsky Jenna , Raffanello Elizabeth , Roman Gabriela D. , Ehrhardt Anke 
Published: January 2017

Findings are presented on a study of 40 gay father families created through surrogacy and a comparison group of 55 lesbian mother families created through donor insemination with a child aged 3–9 years. Standardized interview, observational and questionnaire measures of stigmatization, quality of parent–child relationships, and children's adjustment were administered to parents, children, and teachers. Children in both family types showed high levels of adjustment with lower levels of children's internalizing problems reported by gay fathers. Irrespective of family type, children whose parents perceived greater stigmatization and children who experienced higher levels of negative parenting showed higher levels of parent‐reported externalizing problems. The findings contribute to theoretical understanding of the role of family structure and family processes in child adjustment.
Associations of objective physical activity with insulin sensitivity and circulating adipokine profile: the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Spartano N. L. , Stevenson M. D. , Xanthakis V. , Larson M. G. , Andersson C. , Murabito J. M. , Vasan R. S. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to explore the relation of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) to insulin sensitivity and adipokines. We assessed PA and SED using Actical accelerometers and insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) in 2109 participants (free of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus) from Framingham Generation 3 and Omni 2 cohorts (mean age 46 years, 54% women). Systemic inflammation (C‐reactive protein [CRP]) and circulating adipokines were measured 6 years earlier. Steps per day, moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) and SED per wear time (%SED) were predictor variables in multivariable regression analyses, with HOMA‐IR, CRP and circulating adipokines as outcome measures. We reported that higher MVPA and more steps per day were associated with lower HOMA‐IR, adjusting for %SED (β = −0.036, P = 0.002; β = −0.041, P = 0.005). Steps were inversely associated with CRP, but were directly associated with insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1 levels (β = −0.111, P = 0.002; β = 3.293, P = 0.007). %SED was positively associated with HOMA‐IR (β = 0.033, P < 0.0001), but non‐significant after adjusting for MVPA (P = 0.13). %SED was associated with higher ratio of leptin/leptin receptor (sOB‐R) and higher adipocyte fatty acid‐binding protein (FABP)4 (β = 0.096, P < 0.0001; β = 0.593, P = 0.002). Our findings suggest differential influences of PA vs. SED on metabolic pathways, with PA modulating insulin resistance and inflammation, whereas SED influences FABPs.
Rectal NSAIDs in the prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in unselected patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shen Chongrong , Shi Yanqiang , Liang Tianyu , Su Peizhu 
Published: January 2017

Background and AimEfficacy of rectal non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) prophylaxis in unselected patients remained controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of rectal NSAIDs in the prevention of PEP in unselected patients.MethodsAn electronic literature search in the Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed was carried out for randomized controlled trials comparing rectal indomethacin or diclofenac with placebo in the prevention of PEP in unselected patients. Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate methodological quality. The data were carried out in forest plots using fixed‐effect methods, and random‐effect methods were used when heterogeneity was significant.ResultsA total of nine trials were included in our final analysis. Rectal NSAIDs were effective to reduce the incidence of PEP in unselected patients (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.46–0.79), especially for moderate‐to‐severe PEP (RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.17–0.79). Both indomethacin (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50–0.88) and diclofenac (RR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.12–0.69) were significantly efficacious. Rectal NSAIDs given pre‐ERCP showed significant efficacy (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.39–0.71), whether when given within 30 min pre‐ERCP (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42–0.92) or not (RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.28–0.67).ConclusionRectal NSAIDs are effective in the prevention of PEP in unselected patients.
Trophic position and seasonal changes in the diet of the red wood antFormica aquiloniaas indicated by stable isotope analysis
Authors: IAKOVLEV IVAN K. , NOVGORODOVA TATIANA A. , TIUNOV ALEXEI V. , REZNIKOVA ZHANNA I. 
Published: January 2017

1. Red wood ants are among the most numerous generalist predators and strongly affect the composition of arthropod communities in forest ecosystems. However, their trophic position remains poorly understood. Stable isotope analysis was applied to study the trophic position ofFormica aquiloniaand reveal seasonal changes in its trophic links with both myrmecophilous aphids and other invertebrates in a mixed forest of westernSiberia.2. Theδ15Nvalues ofF. aquiloniaexceeded those of herbivores and aphids by approximately 3.5‰. Despite obligate trophobiotic relationships with aphids,F. aquiloniaoccupied the trophic position of first‐order predator. The higher content of13Cin the worker ants, compared with members of grazing food chains, was explained by their consumption of13C‐enriched aphid honeydew.3. Myrmecophilous tree‐dwelling aphids were enriched in13Cand15Nrelative to grass‐inhabiting species, and the honeydew of tree‐dwelling aphids had higherδ13Cvalues than those of the honeydew of grass‐inhabiting aphids.4. The decrease inδ13Cvalues of the worker ants from spring and summer to autumn apparently reflected the transition from the collection of tree sap and feeding on the aphid honeydew from trees with high13Ccontent in the spring and early summer to a more diverse liquid diet in late summer, which included13C‐depleted honeydew of aphids from herbs.5. The prevalence of the15N‐depleted aphid honeydew in the ants' diet in the second half of the summer is discussed as one possible explanation for the seasonal decline inδ15Nvalues of the worker ants.
Juvenile coho salmon movement, growth and survival in a coastal basin of southern Oregon
Authors: Weybright Adam D. , Giannico Guillermo R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractJuvenile salmonids display highly variable spatial and temporal patterns of early dispersal that are influenced by density‐dependent and density‐independent factors. Although juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) movement patterns in streams and their relationship with body mass and growth have been examined in previous studies, most observations were limited to one season or one stream section. In this study, we monitored the movement of juvenile coho salmon throughout their period of residence in a coastal basin to identify prevalent dispersal strategies and their relationships with body mass, growth rates and survival. Our results revealed seasonally and spatially variable movement patterns. Juvenile coho salmon that dispersed to tidally affected reaches soon after emergence remained more mobile and expressed lower site fidelity than those individuals that remained in upper riverine reaches. We did not detect significantly different growth rates between sedentary and mobile individuals. Although a greater proportion of sedentary than mobile fish survived winter to emigrate from the creek in the spring, reach of residence at the onset of winter influenced these survival estimates. Hence, apparent summer‐to‐smolt survival for mobile individuals was greater than for sedentary fish in tidally influenced reaches, whereas in riverine reaches the sedentary strategy seemed to be favoured. Our research identified complex movement patterns that reflect phenotypic and life history variation, and underscores the importance of maintaining diverse freshwater and estuarine habitats that support juvenile coho salmon before marine migration.
Cryptic termites avoid predatory ants by eavesdropping on vibrational cues from their footsteps
Authors: Oberst Sebastian , Bann Glen , Lai Joseph C.S. , Evans Theodore A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEavesdropping has evolved in many predator–prey relationships. Communication signals of social species may be particularly vulnerable to eavesdropping, such as pheromones produced by ants, which are predators of termites. Termites communicate mostly by way of substrate‐borne vibrations, which suggest they may be able to eavesdrop, using two possible mechanisms: ant chemicals or ant vibrations. We observed termites foraging within millimetres of ants in the field, suggesting the evolution of specialised detection behaviours. We found the termite Coptotermes acinaciformis detected their major predator, the ant Iridomyrmex purpureus, through thin wood using only vibrational cues from walking, and not chemical signals. Comparison of 16 termite and ant species found the ants‐walking signals were up to 100 times higher than those of termites. Eavesdropping on passive walking signals explains the predator detection and foraging behaviours in this ancient relationship, which may be applicable to many other predator–prey relationships.
QTc interval in patients with multiple sclerosis: an inference from the insula of Reil?
Authors: Turri G. , Calabrese M. , Pancheri E. , Monaco S. , Gajofatto A. , Marafioti V. 
Published: January 2017

Background and purposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the duration of the QTc interval and the brain lesion load at the level of the structures involved in superior autonomic control (insula, cingulate cortex and amygdala‐hippocampus) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.MethodsThirty‐one consecutive patients with relapsing−remitting MS were recruited. The QT interval was measured manually in all 12 leads by a single blinded observer, with the longest QT value adjusted for heart rate by using the Bazett's formula. All patients performed a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan including three‐dimensional double inversion recovery and three volumetric fast‐field echo sequences. The following MRI measures were obtained: (i) global and regional cortical thickness (CTh); (ii) white matter lesion load volume; (iii) cortical damage blindly assessed by a trained observer who assigned, on the basis of the number of cortical lesions, a score from 0 to 5 for each of the brain areas analysed.ResultsIn all, 16% of the patients had an increased QTc interval. The QTc interval was correlated with disease duration, cortical insular lesion volume and grey matter lesion volume in the three examined areas and inversely correlated with global and insular CTh.ConclusionsAn increased QTc interval in patients with MS may have a cerebral origin possibly driven by involvement of the insular cortex. With the recent introduction in clinical practice of treatments with potential cardiac effects such as fingolimod, the recognition of a long QTc interval could be clinically crucial and should encourage appropriate electrocardiographic monitoring in order to prevent the risk of malignant ventricular pro‐arrhythmia and iatrogenic sudden death.
The role of executive functioning in memory performance in pediatric focal epilepsy
Authors: Sepeta Leigh N. , Casaletto Kaitlin Blackstone , Terwilliger Virginia , Facella‐Ervolini Joy , Sady Maegan , Mayo Jessica , Gaillard William D. , Berl Madison M. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryObjectiveLearning and memory are essential for academic success and everyday functioning, but the pattern of memory skills and its relationship to executive functioning in children with focal epilepsy is not fully delineated. We address a gap in the literature by examining the relationship between memory and executive functioning in a pediatric focal epilepsy population.MethodsSeventy children with focal epilepsy and 70 typically developing children matched on age, intellectual functioning, and gender underwent neuropsychological assessment, including measures of intelligence (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence [WASI]/Differential Ability Scales [DAS]), as well as visual Children's Memory Scale (CMS Dot Locations) and verbal episodic memory (Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning [WRAML] Story Memory and California Verbal Learning Test for Children [CVLT‐C]). Executive functioning was measured directly (WISC‐IV Digit Span Backward; Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition (CELF‐IV) Recalling Sentences) and by parent report (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function [BRIEF]).ResultsChildren with focal epilepsy had lower delayed free‐recall scores than controls across visual and verbal memory tasks (p = 0.02; partial η2 = 0.12). In contrast, recognition memory performance was similar for patients and controls (p = 0.36; partial η2 = 0.03). Children with focal epilepsy demonstrated difficulties in working memory (p = 0.02; partial η2 = 0.08) and planning/organization (p = 0.02) compared to controls. Working memory predicted 9–19% of the variance in delayed free recall for verbal and visual memory; organization predicted 9–10% of the variance in verbal memory. Patients with both left and right focal epilepsy demonstrated more difficulty on verbal versus visual tasks (p = 0.002). Memory performance did not differ by location of seizure foci (temporal vs. extratemporal, frontal vs. extrafrontal).SignificanceChildren with focal epilepsy demonstrated memory ability within age‐level expectations, but delayed free recall was inefficient compared to typically developing controls. Memory difficulties were not related to general cognitive impairment or seizure localization. Executive functioning accounted for significant variance in memory performance, suggesting that poor executive control negatively influences memory retrieval.