bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Oral Exfoliative Cytology: From Cancer Diagnosis to Systemic Disease Detection
Authors: Wang Shan , Zheng Ze 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTOral exfoliative cytology has emerged as a valuable tool in the early detection of oral cancer and other systemic diseases. This review comprehensively examines the current applications and recent advancements in oral exfoliative cytology techniques. We analyzed published literature from the past decade, focusing on methodological improvements, diagnostic accuracy, and emerging applications. Key findings include: (1) Enhanced cell collection and preparation methods have significantly improved sample quality and diagnostic reliability. (2) Integration of molecular markers and DNA analysis with traditional cytomorphological assessment has increased diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for oral cancer detection. (3) Novel applications in systemic disease detection, including diabetes and iron overload disorders, demonstrate the expanding utility of this technique. (4) Computer‐assisted analysis and deep learning algorithms show promise in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in standardization and widespread clinical implementation. This review provides a critical evaluation of oral exfoliative cytology's current status and future potential in oral and systemic disease diagnosis.
Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals
Authors: Gayford Joel H. , Engelman Russell K. , Sternes Phillip C. , Itano Wayne M. , Bazzi Mohamad , Collareta Alberto , Salas‐Gismondi Rodolfo , Shimada Kenshu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBody size is of fundamental importance to our understanding of extinct organisms. Physiology, ecology and life history are all strongly influenced by body size and shape, which ultimately determine how a species interacts with its environment. Reconstruction of body size and form in extinct animals provides insight into the dynamics underlying community composition and faunal turnover in past ecosystems and broad macroevolutionary trends. Many extinct animals are known only from incomplete remains, necessitating the use of anatomical proxies to reconstruct body size and form. Numerous limitations affecting the appropriateness of these proxies are often overlooked, leading to controversy and downstream inaccuracies in studies for which reconstructions represent key input data. In this perspective, we discuss four prominent case studies (Dunkleosteus, Helicoprion, Megalodon and Perucetus) in which proxy taxa have been used to estimate body size and shape from fragmentary remains. We synthesise the results of these and other studies to discuss nuances affecting the validity of taxon selection when reconstructing extinct organisms, as well as mitigation measures that can ensure the selection of the most appropriate proxy. We argue that these precautionary measures are necessary to maximise the robustness of reconstructions in extinct taxa for better evolutionary and ecological inferences.
Invasive plant species support each other's growth in low‐nutrient conditions but compete when nutrients are abundant
Authors: Oduor Ayub M. O. , Yu Han , Liu Yanjie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlobally, numerous ecosystems have been co‐invaded by multiple exotic plant species that can have competitive or facilitative interactions with each other and with native plants. Invaded ecosystems often exhibit spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture and nutrient levels, with some habitats having more nutrient‐rich and moist soils than others. The stress‐gradient hypothesis predicts that plants are likely to engage in facilitative interactions when growing in stressful environments, such as nutrient‐deficient or water‐deficient soils. In contrast, when resources are abundant, competitive interactions between plants should prevail. The invasional meltdown hypothesis proposes that facilitative interactions between invasive species can enhance their establishment and amplify their ecological impact. Considering both hypotheses can offer insights into the complex interactions among invasive and native plants across environmental gradients. However, experimental tests of the effects of soil moisture and nutrient co‐limitation on interactions between invasive and native plants at both interspecific and intraspecific levels in light of these hypotheses are lacking. We performed a greenhouse pot experiment in which we cultivated individual focal plants from five congeneric pairs of invasive and native species. Each focal plant was subjected to one of three levels of plant–plant interactions: (1) intraspecific, in which the focal plant was grown with another individual of the same species; (2) interspecific, involving a native and an invasive plant; and (3) interspecific, involving two native or invasive individuals. These plant–plant interaction treatments were fully crossed with two levels of water availability (drought vs. well‐watered) and two levels of nutrient supply (low vs. high). Consistent with the stress‐gradient and invasional meltdown hypotheses, our findings show that under low‐nutrient conditions, the biomass production of invasive focal plants was facilitated by invasive interspecific neighbors. However, under high‐nutrient conditions, the biomass production of invasive focal plants was suppressed by invasive interspecific neighbors. When competing with native interspecific neighbors, high‐nutrient conditions similarly enhanced the biomass production of both invasive and native focal plants. Invasive and native focal plants were neither competitively suppressed nor facilitated by conspecific neighbors. Taken together, these results suggest that co‐occurring invasive exotic plant species may facilitate each other in low‐nutrient habitats but compete in high‐nutrient habitats.
Establishing a novel model to assess exercise capacity in chronic heart failure based on stress echocardiography
Authors: Cen Huan , Chen Sinan , Feng Shen , Chen Xiankun , Zhu Huiying , Jiang Wei , Zhang Han , Liu Hongmei , Liu Bo , Lu Weihui , Sun Pengtao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to develop a simple, fast and efficient clinical diagnostic model, composed of exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) indicators, of the exercise capacity of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) by comparing the effectiveness of different classifiers.Methods and resultsEighty patients with CHF (aged 60 ± 11 years; 78% male) were prospectively enrolled in this study. All patients underwent both cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and ESE and were divided into two groups according to the VE/VCO2 slope: 30 patients with VE/VCO2 slope ventilation classification (VC)1 (i.e., VE/VCO2 slope < 30) and 50 patients with VC2 (i.e., VE/VCO2 slope ≥ 30). The analytical features of all patients in the four phases (rest, warm‐up, peak and recovery phases) of ESE included the following parameters: left ventricular (LV) systolic function, LV systolic function reserve, LV diastolic function, LV diastolic function reserve and right ventricular function. Logistic regression (LR), extreme gradient boosting trees (XGBT), classification regression tree (CART) and random forest (RF) classifiers were implemented in a K‐fold cross‐validation model to distinguish VC1 from VC2 (LVEF in VC1 vs. VC2: 44 ± 8% vs. 43 ± 11%, P = 0.617). Among the four models, the LR model had the largest area under the curve (AUC) (0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73 to 0.92). In the multiple‐variable LR model, the differences between the peak‐exercise‐phase and resting‐phase values of E (ΔE), s′peak and sex were strong independent predictors of a VE/VCO2 slope ≥ 30 (P value: ΔE = 0.002, s′peak = 0.005, sex = 0.020). E/e′peak, ΔLVEF, ΔLV global longitudinal strain and Δstroke volume were not predictors of VC in the multivariate LR model (P > 0.05 for the above).ConclusionsCompared with the LR, XGBT, CART and RF models, the LR model performed best at predicting the VE/VCO2 slope category of CHF patients. A score chart was created to predict VE/VCO2 slopes ≥ 30. ΔE, s′peak and sex are independent predictors of exercise capacity in CHF patients.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Four‐Component Carbonylation Reactions of Acetylene: Synthesis of β‐Perfluoroalkyl Acrylamides
Authors: Cao Zhusong , Wang Qiang , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe simplest alkyne, acetylene, is a suitable C2 linker synthon that enables the connection of organic molecules with different functional groups. However, reactions of acetylene with advanced organic building blocks are much less explored compared to substituted alkynes. In this article, we present a straightforward palladium‐catalyzed four‐component carbonylation reaction with acetylene, CO, amines, and perfluoroalkyl halides that enables the preparation of various β‐perfluoroalkyl acrylamides in one step. This protocol also provides a new strategy for the late‐stage modification of bioactive molecules, as demonstrated by the construction of β‐perfluoroalkyl ibrutinib derivatives.
Environmental Risk Assessment of Time-Variable Toxicant Exposure with Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic Modeling of Sublethal Endpoints and Moving Time Windows: A Case Study with Ceriodaphnia dubia
Authors: Romoli Carlo , Trijau Marie , Muller Erik B. , Zakharova Liubov , Kuhl Roland , Coors Anja , Sherborne Neil , Goussen Benoit , Ashauer Roman 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TKTD) modeling has received increasing attention in terms of the regulatory environmental risk assessment of chemicals. This type of mechanistic model can integrate all available data from individual-level bioassays into a single framework and enable refined risk assessments by extrapolating from laboratory results to time-variable exposure scenarios, based, for instance, on surface water exposure modeling (e.g., FOCUS). Dynamic energy budget (DEB) models coupled with TKTD modules (DEB–TKTD) constitute the leading approach to assess and predict sublethal effects of chemicals on individual organisms. However, thorough case studies are rare. We provide a state-of-the-art example with the standard aquatic test species Ceriodaphnia dubia and the fungicide azoxystrobin, including all steps, from bespoke laboratory toxicity tests to model calibration and validation, through to environmental risk assessment. Following the framework proposed in the European Food Safety Authority Scientific Opinion from 2018, we designed bespoke good laboratory practice–compliant laboratory toxicity studies based on test guideline 211 of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and then identified robust parameter values from those data for all relevant model parameters through model calibration. The DEB–TKTD model, DEBtox2019, then informed the design of the validation experiment. Once validated, the model was used to perform predictions for a time-variable exposure scenario generated by FOCUS. A moving time-window approach was used to perform the environmental risk assessment. This assessment method reduces uncertainty in the risk assessment while maintaining consistency with the traditional measures of risk. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2409–2421. © 2024 Syngenta Crop Protection AG. ibacon GmbH and The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
A fire safety engineering approach to improving community resilience to the impacts of wildfire
Authors: Penney Greg , Baker Greg , Valencia Andres , Gorham Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEach year severe wildfires continue to cause significant destruction resulting in the loss of life, property, critical infrastructure, and the environment. In an effort to increase community preparedness and resilience to wildfire, international jurisdictions have adopted both guiding principles and prescriptive codes that apply to both urban planning and fire engineering design of buildings within the wildland–urban interface. These measures are intended to protect occupants, enhance the survivability of structures from different fire exposure mechanisms, and increase the chances of successful firefighting operations. However, research has identified (i) inconsistent approaches to regulation and governance; (ii) limited research on which urban design and building standards are based; and (iii) misaligned or contradictory urban design and building standards. This not only stifles the use of development proposing suitable performance‐based design that could achieve the required outcomes but can increase administrative burdens and development costs without increasing safety. The aim of this current study is to contribute to addressing identified shortfalls by identifying and distilling the last 23 years of research in the field related to (i) the development of evidence‐based performance requirements, and (ii) the application of effective governance arrangements in order to enhance urban design and wildfire engineering practices. These aims are achieved through a systematic literature review. Ultimately, however, of the 608 initial articles captured in the identification phase of the SLR, not a single article provided insight into the most effective regulatory or governance mechanism, and only three provided criteria suitable for adoption as a performance requirement. While the aims of this study were only partially achieved, it does provide a foundation for the field by way of identifying and distilling the current state of practice.
Feel the Pressure? Normative Pressures as a Unifying Mechanism for Relational Antecedents of Employee Turnover
Authors: Hom Peter W. , Rogers Kristie , Allen David G. , Zhang Mian , Lee Cynthia , Zhao Hailin Helen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTRelational perspectives on turnover antecedents have gained momentum in recent years, highlighting three distinct relational forces underlying employees' turnover decisions—notably, job embeddedness, social capital, and turnover contagion. However, these distinct perspectives are typically examined independent of one another, with little theoretical integration or holistic understanding of the shared mechanisms through which these relational antecedents operate on turnover intentions and behavior. We propose a conceptual model integrating the three types of relational antecedents (specifying their unique effects), while positing normative pressures from work and nonwork relationships as a fundamental consideration underlying quit decisions that translates their effects on leaving. Our model tests find support for this common mediator, even when controlling for traditional mediating mechanisms (i.e., job attitudes and perceived alternatives). Our tests also include important cultural considerations, allowing for comparisons between national cultures in our sample of nearly 700 surveyed employees and their subsequent quit intentions and behaviors, spanning the USA, Hong Kong, and China. Our tests revealed that on‐ and off‐the‐job embeddedness reduces quit propensity while prospective colleague turnover boosts that propensity. Path analyses further determined that normative pressures predict quit propensity (beyond attitudes and alternatives), and that such pressures mediate how job embeddedness and prospective coworker turnover influence quit propensity. We tease apart these effects across national cultures and discuss theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Factors influencing kindergarten Families' perceptions of home–school interactions
Authors: Paulick Judy , Quinn Alexa , Whittaker Jessica , Vitiello Virginia , Pianta Robert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe transition to and through kindergarten is consequential for the academic, social, and emotional wellbeing of children. Policies and practices are in place to smooth that transition. Researchers are working to understand which practices work best and for whom, particularly as the student population in U.S. schools continues to diversify. In this study, we analysed data from a large longitudinal study of racially, ethnically, and linguistically diverse families, children, and their teachers. We used multi‐level modelling to examine the factors associated with families' reports of strong home–school interactions at the transition to and through kindergarten on the Family Involvement Questionnaire. We found that children having attended preschool and lower class size were associated with family reports of strong interactions. Surprisingly, we also found that teacher–family language match, teachers' self‐efficacy for working with families, and teachers' beliefs about children were not significantly associated with families' reports of strong or weak interactions. This work has implications for family engagement policy and practice as children transition to and through kindergarten.
Canaries in coal mines and normal accidents: The CrowdStrike outage and its lessons for critical infrastructure
Authors: Morris John C. , Mayer Martin K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe service outage caused by a faulty CrowdStrike software update in July 2024 triggered a widespread disruption in services and activities worldwide, ranging from airline operations, to credit card transaction processing, emergency and cellular telephone operations, and technical issues for more than 8 million Microsoft Windows users. The outage was not the result of a deliberate attempt to disrupt systems, but rather of what Charles Perrow has termed a “normal accident.” This article explores the implications of technological complexity for critical infrastructure and offers ideas for a research agenda to better understand resilience in tightly coupled, critical infrastructure systems.
The optical properties of nano‐structural α‐Fe2O3 dependence on the shape
Authors: Liu Yousheng , He Qinnan , Wang Zhan , Jiao Xiaomei , Zhang Yinping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThree different crystal morphologies of α‐Fe2O3, including uniform hexagonal, square, and rhombic shapes, were prepared according to the aqueous‐thermal reaction. The hexagonal‐shaped α‐Fe2O3 was enclosed by the 104 plane, while the square and rhombic structures were enclosed by the 110 plane. Two absorption peaks at 455 and 532 cm−1 were found for the perpendicular (⊥) modes, and one absorption peak at 650 cm−1 appeared for the parallel (||) mode for hexagon‐shaped α‐Fe2O3 during analysis by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. However, the peaks of square‐ and rhombic‐shaped α‐Fe2O3 for perpendicular (⊥) mode blueshifted, and the former two peaks merged together forming a broad band at approximately 480 cm−1.For Raman spectra determination, the peaks arose from the Brillouin zone center, and two additional peaks were observed at 660 and 1320 cm−1, belonging to 1 longitudinal optical (1LO) and 2 longitudinal optical (2LO) modes. All three materials exhibited higher intensities when excited at a wavelength of 633 cm−1. Furthermore, in the polarization state, the centers of all peak positions slightly shifted for hexagon‐shaped α‐Fe2O3, but all peak positions for square‐shaped and rhombic‐shaped α‐Fe2O3 exhibited a significant blueshift. The structure of hexagon‐shaped α‐Fe2O3 was relatively tolerant regarding the polarization properties of vibration modes; however, the symmetry of crystal square‐shaped and rhombic‐shaped α‐Fe2O3 changed, subsequently revealing different optical properties.Research Highlights
The hexagon‐shaped, square‐shaped, and rhombic‐shaped α‐Fe2O3 enclosed by different planes were synthesized.
The Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer peaks of α‐Fe2O3 depended on their hexagon, square and rhombic shapes.
Compared with hexagon‐shaped α‐Fe2O3, the Raman peaks for square and rhombi ones significantly shifted.
The hexagon‐shaped α‐Fe2O3 is relatively tolerant regarding the polarization properties.
Monocyte derived large extracellular vesicles in polytrauma
Authors: Wöhler Aliona , Gries Sabine K. , Salzmann Rebekka J. S. , Krötz Christina , Wang Bingduo , Müller Paula , Klein Angelina , Schmidt‐Wolf Ingo G. H. , Schaaf Sebastian , Schwab Robert , Lukacs‐Kornek Veronika , Willms Arnulf G. , Kornek Miroslaw T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite significant progress in the medical field, there is still a pressing need for minimal‐invasive tools to assist with decision‐making, especially in cases of polytrauma. Our team explored the potential of serum‐derived large extracellular vesicles, so called microparticles/microvesicles/ectosomes, to serve as a supportive tool in decision‐making in polytrauma situations. We focused on whether monocyte derived large EVs may differentiate between polytrauma patients with internal organ injury (ISS > 15) and those without. Thus, we compared our EV data to soluble biomarkers such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8). From the blood of 25 healthy and 26 patients with polytrauma large EVs were isolated, purified, and characterized. TNF alpha and IL‐8 levels were quantified. We found that levels of these monocyte derived large EVs were significantly higher in polytrauma patients with internal organ damage and correlated with the ISS. Interestingly, we also observed a decline in AnnV+CD14+ large EVs during normal recovery after trauma. Thus, inflammatory serological markers as TNF alpha and as IL‐8 demonstrated an inability to discriminate between polytrauma patients with or without internal organ damage, such as spleen, kidney, or liver lacerations/ruptures. However, TNF and IL‐8 levels were elevated in polytrauma cases overall when contrasted with healthy non‐traumatic controls. These findings suggest that delving deeper into the potential of AnnV+ large EVs derived from monocytes could highly beneficial in the managment of polytrauma, potentially surpassing the efficacy of commonly used serum markers.
Exploring the Influence of Neomorphic Gekkotan Paraphalanges on Limb Modularity and Integration
Authors: Fratani Jessica , Fontanarrosa Gabriela , Duport‐Bru Ana Sofía , Russell Anthony 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDigital specializations of geckos are widely associated with their climbing abilities. A recurring feature that has independently emerged within the sister families Gekkonidae and Phyllodactylidae is the presence of neomorphic paraphalanges (PPEs), usually paired, paraxial skeletal structures lying adjacent to interphalangeal and metapodial–phalangeal joints. The incorporation of PPEs into gekkotan autopodia has the potential to modify the modularity and integration of the ancestral limb pattern by affecting information flow among skeletal limb parts. Here we explore the influence of PPEs on limb organization using anatomical networks. We modeled the fore‐ and hindlimbs in species ancestrally devoid of PPEs (Iguana iguana and Gekko gecko) and paraphalanx‐bearing species (Hemidactylus mabouia and Uroplatus fimbriatus). To further clarify the impact of PPEs we also expunged PPEs from paraphalanx‐bearing network models. We found that PPEs significantly increase modularity, giving rise to tightly integrated sub‐modules along the digits, suggesting functional specialization. Species‐specific singularities also emerged, such as the trade‐off between the presence of PPEs favoring modularity (along the proximodistal axis) and the interdigital webbing favoring integration (across the lateromedial axis) in the limbs of U. fimbriatus. The PPEs are characterized by low connectivity compared with other skeletal elements; nevertheless, this varies based on their specific location and seemingly reflects developmental constraints. Our results also highlight the importance of the fifth metatarsal in generating a shift in lepidosaurian hindlimb polarity that contrasts with the more symmetrical bauplan of tetrapods. Our findings support extensive modification of the autopodial system in association with the addition of the neomorphic and intriguing PPEs.