bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic Structures and Electronic Properties of Carbide Surfaces Unraveled by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Guo Weijun , Li Changlin , Chen Haoran , Zhou Xiong , Wu Kai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCarbides, especially transition metal carbides (TMCs) and non‐metallic silicon carbides (SiCs), have registered wide applications in catalysis, superconductivity, semiconductor, and the like. Systematic studies have demonstrated the essential role of carbon in finetuning the atomic structures and electronic properties of carbides to improve their catalytic performance, superconducting transition temperature, and semiconductor bandgap. These advancements have positioned carbides as efficient substitutes for noble metals and crucial components in technological innovations. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has emerged as a powerful technique in these studies, providing high‐resolution visualization and mapping of the surface geometric and electronic structures of these functionalized carbides. This review mainly focuses on the key aspects like the structures and properties of the aforementioned TMC and SiC surfaces unraveled by STM, aiming at understanding the fundamentals behind the state‐of‐the‐art technologies and advanced applications of the carbide‐involved functional systems. A very brief perspective on this topic is also provided at the end.
A Skin Stress Shielding Platform Based on Body Temperature‐Induced Shrinking of Hydrogel for Promoting Scar‐Less Wound Healing
Authors: Chen Qin , Li Siyu , Li Ka , Zhao Weifeng , Zhao Changsheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStress concentration surrounding wounds drives fibroblasts into a state of high mechanical tension, leading to the delay of wound healing, exacerbating pathological fibrosis, and even causing tissue dysfunction. Here, an innovative skin stress‐shielding hydrogel wound dressing is reported that makes the wound sites shrink as a response to body temperature and then remolds the stress micro‐environment of wound sites to reduce the formation of skin scars. Composed of a modified natural temperature‐sensitive polymer cross‐linked with polyacrylic acid networks, this hydrogel wound dressing has demonstrated a substantial decrease in scar area for full‐thickness wounds in rat models. The physical forces exerted by the wound dressing are instrumental in attenuating the activation and transduction of fibroblasts within the wound sites, thereby mitigating the excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Notably, the wound dressing significantly down‐regulates the expression of transforming growth factor‐β1(TGF‐β1) and collagen I, while concurrently exerting a dramatic inhibitory effect on the integrin‐focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/phosphorylated‐FAK (p‐FAK) signaling pathway. Collectively, the fabrication of functional hydrogels with a stress‐shielding profile is a new route for achieving scar‐less wound healing, thus offering immense potential for improving clinical outcomes and restoring tissue integrity.
TAG‐SPARK: Empowering High‐Speed Volumetric Imaging With Deep Learning and Spatial Redundancy
Authors: Hsieh Yin‐Tzu , Jhan Kai‐Chun , Lee Jye‐Chang , Huang Guan‐Jie , Chung Chang‐Ling , Chen Wun‐Ci , Chang Ting‐Chen , Chen Bi‐Chang , Pan Ming‐Kai , Wu Shun‐Chi , Chu Shi‐Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTwo‐photon high‐speed fluorescence calcium imaging stands as a mainstream technique in neuroscience for capturing neural activities with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, challenges arise from the inherent tradeoff between acquisition speed and image quality, grappling with a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) due to limited signal photon flux. Here, a contrast‐enhanced video‐rate volumetric system, integrating a tunable acoustic gradient (TAG) lens‐based high‐speed microscopy with a TAG‐SPARK denoising algorithm is demonstrated. The former facilitates high‐speed dense z‐sampling at sub‐micrometer‐scale intervals, allowing the latter to exploit the spatial redundancy of z‐slices for self‐supervised model training. This spatial redundancy‐based approach, tailored for 4D (xyzt) dataset, not only achieves >700% SNR enhancement but also retains fast‐spiking functional profiles of neuronal activities. High‐speed plus high‐quality images are exemplified by in vivo Purkinje cells calcium observation, revealing intriguing dendritic‐to‐somatic signal convolution, i.e., similar dendritic signals lead to reverse somatic responses. This tailored technique allows for capturing neuronal activities with high SNR, thus advancing the fundamental comprehension of neuronal transduction pathways within 3D neuronal architecture.
Reusing the Wasted Energy of Electrochromic Smart Window for Near‐Zero Energy Building
Authors: Xie Yunfei , Huang Ruonan , Li Meini , Cao Ningzhi , Jia Xiaoteng , Wang Caiyun , Chao Danming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrochromic smart windows (ESWs) are an effective energy‐saving technology for near‐zero energy buildings. They consume electric energy unidirectionally during a round‐trip coloring‐bleaching process, with the energy involved in the bleaching process being wasted. It is highly desirable to reuse this wasted electric energy directly and/or transfer it into other energy storage equipment, further enhancing the overall efficiency of electric energy usage. Herein, a zinc anode‐based ESW (ESW‐PZ) is reported that not only has fascinating visible–near‐infrared (VIS‐NIR) dual‐band electrochromic performance (a high optical contrast of 63%) but also showcases good energy storage characteristics (a wide voltage window of 2.6 V and a high energy density of 127.5 µWh cm−2). The buildings utilizing ESW‐PZ to modulate indoor environments demonstrated an average annual energy saving of 366 MJ m−2 based on energy simulations, which is about 16% of the total energy consumption. Impressively, a high utilization efficiency of 90% (855 mWh m−2) of the wasted electric energy is realized through an ingenious circuit‐switching strategy, which can be reused to power small household appliances.
Motor unit number index in Bell's palsy: A potential electrophysiological biomarker for early evaluation
Authors: Chen Mengjie , Zhu Mingxia , Li Xiuli , Pi Jingtao , Feng Xinhong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionReliable, noninvasive early diagnostics of neuromuscular function in Bell's palsy, which causes facial paralysis and reduced quality of life, remain to be established. Here, we aimed to evaluate the utility of the motor unit number index (MUNIX) for the quantitative electrophysiological assessment of early‐stage Bell's palsy, its correlation with clinical assessments, changes following treatment, and association with clinical prognosis.MethodsMUNIX measures were recorded from the bilateral zygomaticus, orbicularis oculi, and orbicularis oris muscles of 10 healthy individuals and 64 patients with Bell's palsy. The patients were assessed by two specialist neurologists using the House–Brackmann and Sunnybrook Facial Grading Systems. Repeat assessments were performed on 20 patients with Bell's palsy who received treatment. Additionally, the 64 patients were reassessed using clinical scales after a 1‐month interval.ResultsThe MUNIX values of the main affected muscles on the affected side were lower than those on the healthy side in patients with Bell's palsy (p < .05). The MUNIX measurements significantly correlated with the clinical facial nerve palsy scale scores (p < .05). Significant improvements were observed in the MUNIX values on repeat testing following treatment (p < .05). The baseline motor unit size index (the compound muscle action potential amplitude divided by MUNIX) was positively associated with improved clinical presentation after 1 month (p < .05).ConclusionMUNIX can be used as an electrophysiological biomarker for the quantitative assessment of facial nerve palsy and treatment response, and as a prognostic biomarker, in patients with early Bell's palsy, and is recommended as a complement to conventional neurophysiological examinations.
Bimetallic Copper Complexes for Electrocatalytic Bidirectional O2/H2O Conversion in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ali Afsar , Prakash Divyansh , Saini Abhishek , Das Chandan , Shah Naseer Ahmed , Dutta Arnab 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe distinctive interplay between abundant transition metal‐containing active sites and their surrounding outer coordination sphere (OCS) is pivotal in achieving remarkable catalytic responses. In this context, copper complexes continue to garner attention as promising catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this article, we report two macrocyclic binuclear Cu complexes having variable peripheral functionalities around a common N2O2 like core. A mononuclear complex bearing the salophen‐type ligand design was used as a control. The complex featuring peripheral OH groups demonstrates the highest catalytic activity in ORR (3050 s−1) and OER (6700 s−1), suggesting the crucial role of the alcoholic group during catalysis. In contrast, the mononuclear complex necessitates an additional thermodynamic stimulus to attain catalytic conditions for ORR and OER obverse to the case of binuclear complexes. Hence, this study establishes a template for designing molecular catalysts to mediate energy‐relevant multielectron/multiproton reactions in both oxidizing and reducing environments.
Titanium Silicate‐1 Coupled with Sn and Er as Effective Catalysts for the Production of Lactic Acid from Saccharides
Authors: Zhang Wenyu , Qin Jingying , Liao Shengqi , Li Guiying , Li Jianmei , Hu Changwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiomass‐based saccharide valorization to produce lactic acid (LaA) via chemocatalysis has emerged as a promising approach to meet the substantial demand of the global LaA market, whereas the manufacture of prominent heterogeneous catalyst is still challenging. Herein, we fabricate a series of heterogeneous rare earth catalysts and indicate that Er supported onto titanium silicate‐1 (TS‐1) exhibits better activity than other rare earth catalysts for glucose transformation towards LaA. Remarkably, coupling Sn with Er onto TS‐1 enabled the sharp increment of LaA yield, and 3Sn15Er/TS‐1 catalyst outperformed other heterogeneous rare earth catalysts as reported to date, giving as high as 82.2% and 76.2% yields of LaA from sorbose and glucose, respectively. The catalyst characterization demonstrated the coexistence of Er2O3 and Sn2Er2O7 on 3Sn15Er/TS‐1 catalyst, both of which contributed to LaA production. Sn doping favored the formation of active particles in smaller size and increased the Lewis acidic sites when compared to single 15Er/TS‐1, thereby promoting the isomerization and retro‐aldol reaction of glucose to C3 intermediates. 3Sn15Er/TS‐1 catalyst also showed universal activity for diverse biomass‐based saccharides. This work might give useful insights to explore heterogeneous rare earth catalysts with superior activity in biomass valorization.
On the Heterogeneity of Iron‐Oxo Species in Zeolites for the Oxidation of Methane to Methanol by Nitrous Oxide: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Wang Shuo , Li Chenchen , Liu Chong , Zhuang Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe conversion of methane to methanol (MTM) represents a pivotal objective in the C1 chemical industry. Transition metals, such as iron, exchanged zeolites are one category of the most active catalysts for direct conversion of MTM. One important topic in understanding the mechanism of Fe‐zeolite catalyzed MTM is how the heterogeneity of catalytic (Fe) sites influences the system stability and reactivity. Employing DFT calculations and machine learning method, we herein studied the stability–reactivity relationship of a MTM catalytic cycle with N2O as the oxidant over Fe‐exchanged zeolites. The Fe heterogeneity was introduced by using CHA and FER zeolites and looking at a number of related Fe species (FeII, FeO, and FeOH). A strong correlation was observed between the stability of such Fe species, which is primarily determined by the formation energy of FeII, and such a stability trend remains consistent throughout the MTM catalytic cycle. The reactivity analysis then demonstrated that less stable Fe species may exhibit higher reactivities when situated in specific sites. Further machine learning analysis validated the significant relevance of activation barriers with reaction energies in the N2O decomposition step that is not sufficiently captured by the traditional one‐dimensional Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi (BEP) relationship.
Analysis of the composition of Brazilian black soybean seeds and mathematical modelling of intermittent drying and extraction of antioxidant compounds using fractional calculus
Authors: Aranha Ana Caroline Raimundini , Defendi Rafael Oliveira , Bissaro Camila Andressa , Ferrari Andressa Lopes , Nardino Danielli Andrea , Michele Suzuki Rúbia , Madrona Grasiele Scaramal , Paschoal Sirlei Marques , Carmona Giovana Genari , de Souza Matias Gustavo , de Matos Jorge Luiz Mario 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present study aims to analyze the composition of black soybean seeds, evaluate the intermittent drying of black soybean seeds by fractional calculus, optimize the extraction conditions of the antioxidant compounds by varying the solvent ratio and the extraction time, fit traditional models of extraction kinetics, and compare with the fractional order model. Regarding the oil content, it is analyzed that black soybeans have a high lipid content (18.86%), an oil source of interest for research and industrial applications. Regarding drying, it was found that the first order model cannot be used to describe the kinetics of intermittent drying for black soybean seeds and the best kinetic fits were obtained with the Page and fractional order models, which can be applied in simulations of drying and dryer designs. Regarding the extraction process, ethanol/water 45/55 (v/v) solvent proportion obtained the highest antioxidant compound content during 1 h of extraction. So and MacDonald's and hyperbolic kinetic models presented the best fitting to experimental data. About the fractional order model, it is found that for extraction conditions with more significant amounts of water in the ethanolic solution, the α value obtained is less than 1, resulting in the phenomenon of subdiffusion. For the extraction condition with a low amount of water in the ethanolic solution, the α value was greater than 1, depicting a superdiffusion process.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Common Legionaminic Acid−Containing Pentasaccharide of Capsular Polysaccharides from Acinetobacter baumanniiK27 and K44†
Authors: Peng Jiarong , Hao Tianhui , Ma Wenjing , Xu Zhuojia , Li Tiehai 
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive SummaryAcinetobacter baumannii infections pose a great threat to public health owing to upsurging antibiotic resistance. Capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are major virulence determinants of pathogenic bacteria and have attracted much attention as potential targets for vaccine development. However, the obtainability of structurally well‐defined CPS‐related oligosaccharides remains challenging. Herein, we report an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy for the first total synthesis of common CPS pentasaccharide repeating unit of Acinetobacter baumannii K27 and K44, containing a difficult‐to‐construct α‐linked 5,7‐di‐N‐acetyllegionaminic acid (Leg5,7Ac2) residue. The chemical synthesis of a branched tetrasaccharide precursor was accomplished by flexible orthogonal protecting‐group manipulations and stereocontrolled glycosylations. Furthermore, the enzyme‐catalyzed stereoselective installment of legionaminic acid residue into the tetrasaccharide, using one‐pot multienzyme (OPME) synthesis system to produce sugar nucleotide CMP‐Leg5,7diN3 and subsequent α2,6‐sialyltransferase‐catalyzed glycosylation, was achieved to synthesize the pentasaccharide.
The role of organic matter in Brazilian Pre‐Salt carbonates
Authors: Lehn Ilana , de Oliveira Vasconcelos Crisógono 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiverse types of organic matter morphology were identified in Brazilian Pre‐salt carbonates. Stromatolites and laminated facies contain organic layers, filaments and rounded features inside calcite structures, as shrubs and spherulites. Analyses with optical and fluorescent microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and ion mass spectrometry indicate the presence of organic compounds in thin sections. Fluorescent microscopy shows a high signal for organic portions in the thin section, mainly inside calcite structures and within the matrix. Scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy elemental mapping indicates the presence of carbon in the stromatolite facies, associated either with calcium and oxygen, indicating carbonate, or isolated from other elements, representing carbon content in the samples. The presence of organic matter along and inside calcite structures indicate a strong microbial influence in Brazilian Pre‐Salt carbonates precipitation. The purpose of this research is to show that the presence of organic matter is connected to the process of carbonate precipitation and/or dissolution. The occurrence of these organic compounds in distinguishing facies raises the discussion of biotic versus abiotic genesis of the Pre‐salt lacustrine reservoirs.
Marriage as an Argument for Energy Poverty Reduction: The Moderating Role of Financial Inclusion
Authors: Asongu Simplice A. , Ogbonna Amarachi O. , Mete Mariette C. N. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe present research extends the extant literature by investigating the hypothesis on whether marriage can be a substitute for financial inclusion in energy poverty reduction in Ghana. Pooled data and two‐stage least‐squares techniques are used in the estimation process; the validity of the tested hypothesis (i.e., that marriage is a substitute for financial inclusion in energy poverty mitigation) is based on three main criteria: (i) a positive interactive effect relative to the negative unconditional effect of marriage; (ii) a marriage net effect lower in magnitude compared to the unconditional effect of marriage; and (iii) an insignificant interactive effect when both unconditional effects are negative. The investigated hypothesis is not valid in the full sample, urban subsample, and female subsample while it is valid in the rural and male subsamples. Policy implications are discussed.
Effect of cutting and burning on grassland habitat in Bardia National Park, Nepal
Authors: Lamichhane Birat , Karki Jhamak B. , Thapa Shyam Kumar , Bhandari Ashok , Basyal Bhawana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractManagement interventions are pivotal in shaping the ecosystems, particularly grassland habitats. This study examines the effects of cutting and burning treatments on vegetation composition, physical properties, and herbivore utilization patterns in Baghaura grassland, situated within Bardia National Park, Nepal. The study considers three treatment plots: cutting only, both cutting and burning, and burning only. Vegetation composition is evaluated using the point intercept method within 1 × 1 m quadrats. Grass samples are collected and weighed for fresh weight determination. Subsequently, samples are separated into green leaf, green stem, dead leaf, and dead stem components, and biomass and leaf‐stem proportion are calculated. The burned plots, characterized by Imperata cylindrica dominance, exhibit the highest species diversity. Furthermore, the burned‐only plots demonstrate significantly greater species height. Cut‐only plots display a higher proportion of green leaves and green stems, while the burned‐only plots exhibit higher mean dry biomass in dead leaves and dead stems. Grazing intensity is notably higher in the cut‐and‐burned plots. The regression model (y = −1.4095x + 98.4948) indicates a subtle, statistically nonsignificant relationship (R2 = 0.0395, p = 0.3205) between grazing intensity and grass height with low grazer diversity (H′ = 0.7). The study suggests that implementing small‐scale cutting followed by controlled burning during the dry season can provide herbivores with fresh, high‐quality forage throughout the year, thereby meeting their nutritional needs. These findings enhance our understanding of the effects of management interventions on grassland ecosystems and can inform the development of sustainable conservation strategies for similar habitats.
Physical therapy registries worldwide: A systematic review
Authors: Banaye Yazdipour Alireza , Ayyoubzadeh Seyed Mohammad , Nazary‐Moghadam Salman , Arji Goli , Meigooni Fatemeh Sadat Mirmohammad , Kimiafar Khalil , Shahmoradi Leila 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionNowadays, the demand for physical therapy services has grown significantly over the last few decades due to an aging population, a rise in chronic conditions, and increased awareness of the benefits of physical therapy for injury recovery and managing various health issues. Collecting and managing data from physical therapy services is highly significant and beneficial. One of the information management systems that facilitates data collection related to physical therapy services is a physical therapy registry. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify physical therapy registries worldwide and examine the characteristics and data elements of each registry.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE databases were searched from inception until March 19, 2023 by using keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms regarding “registries” and “physical therapy.” The criteria for inclusion in the study were: (1) studies with the English language; (2) original studies, and online access to the physical therapy registry is available; (3) full‐text available; (4) studies related to the aims of the study, and (5) studies that have sufficient available information regarding the minimum datasets and other characteristics physical therapy registry. The methodological quality of the included studies was independently assessed by two reviewers using the Effective Public Health Practice Project's (EPHPP) quality assessment tool.ResultsSixteen studies were eligible to be included. The findings of this review indicated that the oldest physical therapy registry was established in 1992, while the newest one was established in 2017. The USA has the highest number of physical therapy registries (n = 7). Ten registries were funded by the government, and the data source for most registries was collected in clinics (n = 11). The geographical coverage of 10 registries was national. All registries collected administrative data (such as sociodemographic data, healthcare provider's data, and others) and clinical data (such as diagnosis, type of physical therapy intervention, pain location, comorbidities, and others) through web‐based systems. The data collection method in half of the registries was retrospective (n = 8 out of 16). According to the EPHPP quality assessment tool, 11 studies (73%) were rated as moderate, 3 (20%) as weak, and 1 (7%) as strong.ConclusionThis systematic review found that most developed countries have implemented web‐based physical therapy registries to collect administrative and clinical data at the national level. It is recommended that developing countries design and implement similar registries based on these characteristics and extracted data elements. Additionally, these registries should be designed to enable data sharing and interoperability with other international health information systems.