bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the predictability of lake surface temperature using air temperature in a changing climate: A case study for Lake Tahoe (U.S.A.)
Authors: Piccolroaz S. , Healey N. C. , Lenters J. D. , Schladow S. G. , Hook S. J. , Sahoo G. B. , Toffolon M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCan we predict long‐term trends of lake surface temperature based on air temperature alone? We explore this question by analyzing the performance of a hybrid model (air2water) as a predictive tool for defining scenarios of lake surface temperature in the framework of climate change studies. Employing Lake Tahoe (U.S.A.) as a case study, we apply the model using different air temperature datasets (in situ measurements, gridded observations, and downscaled General Circulation Models). Through a data‐driven calibration of the model parameters based on surface water temperature records, we show that air2water provides good performance (root mean square error ∼ 0.5°C, on a monthly scale) regardless of the input dataset. The model is able to accurately capture the historical long‐term trend and interannual fluctuations over decades (from 1969 to present), using only 7 yr of monthly measurements of surface water temperature for calibration. Additionally, when used to predict future surface water temperature of the lake, air2water produces the same projections irrespective of the air temperature dataset used to drive the model. This is certainly desirable, but not immediately expected when using a relatively simple model. Overall, the results suggest the high potential and robustness of air2water as a predictive tool for climate change assessment. Lake surface temperature warming of up to 1.1°C (RCP 4.5) and 2.9°C (RCP 8.5) was simulated at the end of the 21st century during summer months in Lake Tahoe. Such a scenario, if realized, would lead to serious consequences on lake water chemistry, primary productivity, plankton community structure, and nutrient cycling.
Diaphragm position can be accurately estimated from the scattering of a parallel transmit RF coil at 7 T
Authors: Hess Aaron T. , Tunnicliffe Elizabeth M , Rodgers Christopher T. , Robson Matthew D. 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the use of radiofrequency scattering of a parallel transmit coil to track diaphragm motion.MethodsMeasurements made during radiofrequency excitation on an 8‐channel parallel transmit coil by the directional couplers of the radiofrequency safety monitor were combined and converted into diaphragm position. A 30‐s subject‐specific calibration with an MRI navigator was used to determine a diaphragm estimate from each directional‐coupler measure. Seven healthy volunteers were scanned at 7 T, in which images of the diaphragm were continuously acquired and directional couplers were monitored during excitation radiofrequency pulses. The ability to detect coughing was evaluated in one subject. The method was implemented on the scanner and evaluated for diaphragm gating of a free‐breathing cardiac cine.ResultsSix of the seven scans were successful. In these subjects, the root mean square difference between MRI and scattering estimation of the superior–inferior diaphragm position was 1.4 ± 0.5 mm. On the scanner, the position was calculated less than 2 ms after every radiofrequency pulse. A prospectively gated (echocardiogram and respiration) high‐resolution free‐breathing cine showed no respiratory artifact and sharp blood‐myocardium definition.ConclusionsTransmit coil scattering is sensitive to diaphragm motion and provides rapid, quantitative, and accurate monitoring of respiration. Magn Reson Med 79:2164–2169, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Loss of sorting nexin 5 stabilizes internalized growth factor receptors to promote thyroid cancer progression
Authors: Jitsukawa Sumito , Kamekura Ryuta , Kawata Koji , Ito Fumie , Sato Akinori , Matsumiya Hiroshi , Nagaya Tomonori , Yamashita Keiji , Kubo Terufumi , Kikuchi Tomoki , Sato Noriyuki , Hasegawa Tadashi , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Mukumoto Yoshiko , Takano Ken‐ichi , Himi Tetsuo , Ichimiya Shingo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy and its prevalence has recently been increasing worldwide. We previously reported that the level of sorting nexin 5 (Snx5), an endosomal translocator, is preferentially decreased during the progression of well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma into poorly differentiated carcinoma. To address the functional role of Snx5 in the development and progression of thyroid carcinoma, we established Snx5‐deficient (Snx5−/−) mice. In comparison to wild‐type (Snx5+/+) mice, Snx5−/− mice showed enlarged thyroid glands that consisted of thyrocytes with large irregular‐shaped vacuoles. Snx5−/− thyrocytes exhibited a higher growth potential and higher sensitivity to thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH). A high content of early endosomes enriched with TSH receptors was found in Snx5−/− thyrocytes, suggesting that loss of Snx5 caused retention of the TSH receptor (TSHR) in response to TSH. Similar data were found for internalized EGF in primary thyrocytes. The increased TSH sensitivities in Snx5−/− thyrocytes were also confirmed by results showing that Snx5−/− mice steadily developed thyroid tumors with high metastatic potential under high TSH. Furthermore, a thyroid cancer model using carcinogen and an anti‐thyroidal agent revealed that Snx5−/− mice developed metastasizing thyroid tumors with activation of MAP kinase and AKT pathways, which are postulated to be major pathways of malignant progression of human thyroid carcinoma. Our results suggest that thyrocytes require Snx5 to lessen tumorigenic signaling driven by TSH, which is a major risk factor for thyroid carcinoma. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative iTRAQ‐Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Pelteobagrus vachelli Liver under Acute Hypoxia: Implications in Metabolic Responses
Authors: Zhang Guosong , Zhang Jiajia , Wen Xin , Zhao Cheng , Zhang Hongye , Li Xinru , Yin Shaowu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMore and more frequently these days, aquatic ecosystems are being stressed by nutrient enrichment, pollutants, and global warming, leading to a serious depletion in oxygen concentrations. Although a sudden, significant lack of oxygen will result in mortality, fishes can have an acute behavior (e.g., an increase in breathing rate, reduction in swimming frequency) and physiology responses (e.g., increase in oxygen delivery, and reduction in oxygen consumption) to hypoxia, which allows them to maintain normal physical activity. Therefore, in order to shed further light on the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation in fishes, the authors conduct comparative quantitative proteomics on Pelteobagrus vachelli livers using iTRAQ. The research identifies 511 acute hypoxia‐responsive proteins in P. vachelli. Furthermore, comparison of several of the diverse key pathways studied (e.g., peroxisome pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, lipid metabolism, glycolysis/gluco‐neogenesis, and amino acid metabolism) help to articulate the different mechanisms involved in the hypoxia response of P. vachelli. Data from proteome analysis shows that P. vachelli can have an acute reaction to hypoxia, including detoxification of metabolic by‐products and oxidative stress in light of continued metabolic activity (e.g., peroxisomes), an activation in the capacity of catabolism to get more energy (e.g., lipolysis and amino acid catabolism), a depression in the capacity of biosynthesis to reduce energy consumption (e.g., biosynthesis of amino acids and lipids), and a shift in the aerobic and anaerobic contributions to total metabolism. The observed hypoxia‐related changes in the liver proteome of the fish can help to understand or can be related to the hypoxia‐related response that takes place in similar conditions in the liver or other proteomes of mammals.
Direct synthesis of polyaromatic chains of tribenzopentaphene copolymers through cyclodehydrogenation of their poly‐tetraphenylbenzene precursors
Authors: Alameddine Bassam , Sobhana Anju Rajamohanan , Shetty Suchetha , Baig Noorullah , Al‐Mousawi Saleh , Al‐Sagheer Fakhreia 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThree polyaromatic‐based polymers are reported to contain co‐monomers of trapezoidal tribenzopentaphene (TBP) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The synthetic strategy consists of initially making highly soluble tetraphenylbenzene copolymers 4a–c, followed by a cyclodehydrogenation/aromatization reaction to obtain target polymers 5a–c. The polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, FT‐IR, UV‐vis, emission, 1H‐, and 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The target polymers 5a–c reveal emission spectra in the range of 430–480 nm; thus, qualifying them to act as blue emitters. Investigation of the polymers optical properties and their correlation with density functional theory calculations suggest a distorted TBP core from planarity caused by the introduction of a dodecyl group at its wide edge. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3565–3572
Local hydrodynamics of solvent near diffusing dendrimers: A test of the new Stokes–Einstein relation
Authors: Zhang Xinli , Gray‐Weale Angus A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTWe have reported a new Stokes–Einstein relation (SER) for size determination and tested it by different nanoparticles. We assumed that the breakdown for SER results from local increases in viscosity. Here we investigate hydrodynamics of solvent near dendrimers to further test generality of our new theory. We discuss simulations of dendrimers in comparison to nanoparticles, experimental data on dendrimers from literature, and our theory. Local viscosity and local diffusivity of solvent near dendrimers are estimated by persistence times and exchange times, respectively. We find that the local dynamics of solvent near dendrimers of low density stay almost the same as that of bulk solvent. While the motions of solvent particles slow down near dendrimers of high density. This is similar with changes in local dynamics of solvent near nanoparticles. According to the causes we proposed for the deviation of SER, this is consistent with our findings that the SER works for the dendrimers of low density, while it fails for the dendrimers of high density. The new SER is then tested to predict size of the dendrimers accurately. Taking this together with the results for the nanoparticles, we believe that the new theory is general. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1380–1392
Yolk–Shell‐Structured Cu/Fe@γ‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Loaded Graphitic Porous Carbon for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Meiwen , Su Chao , Saunders Martin , Liang Ji , Shao Zongping , Wang Shaobin , Liu Jian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCore–shell Cu/γ‐Fe2O3@C and yolk–shell‐structured Cu/Fe@γ‐Fe2O3@C particles are prepared by a facile synthesis method using copper oxide as template particles, resorcinol‐formaldehyde as the carbon precursor, and iron nitrate solution as the iron source via pyrolysis. With increasing carbonization temperature and time, solid γ‐Fe2O3 cores are formed and then transformed into Fe@γ‐Fe2O3 yolk–shell‐structured particles via Ostwald ripening under nitrogen gas flow. The composition variations are studied, and the formation mechanism is proposed for the generation of the hollow and yolk–shell‐structured metal and metal oxides. Moreover, highly graphitic carbons can be obtained by etching the metal and metal oxide nanoparticles through an acid treatment. The electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction is investigated on Cu/γ‐Fe2O3@C, Cu/Fe@γ‐Fe2O3@C, and graphitic carbons, indicating comparable or even superior performance to other Fe‐based nanocatalysts.
Aeroelastic modeling and stability analysis: A robust approach to the flutter problem
Authors: Iannelli Andrea , Marcos Andrés , Lowenberg Mark 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn this paper, a general approach to address modeling of aeroelastic systems, with the final goal to apply μ analysis, is discussed. The chosen test bed is the typical section with unsteady aerodynamic loads, which enables basic modeling features to be captured and so extend the gained knowledge to practical problems treated with modern techniques. The aerodynamic operator has a nonrational dependence on the Laplace variable s, and hence, 2 formulations for the problem are available: frequency domain or state‐space (adopting rational approximations). The study attempts to draw a parallel between the 2 consequent linear fractional transformation modeling processes, emphasizing critical differences and their effect on the predictions obtained with μ analysis. A peculiarity of this twofold formulation is that aerodynamic uncertainties are inherently treated differently and therefore the families of plants originated by the possible linear fractional transformation definitions are investigated. One of the main results of the paper is to propose a unified framework to address the robust modeling task, which enables the advantages of both the approaches to be retained. On the analysis side, the application of μ analysis to the different models is shown, emphasizing its capability to gain insight into the problem.
Fault tolerant control of uncertain dynamical systems using interval virtual actuators
Authors: Rotondo Damiano , Cristofaro Andrea , Johansen Tor Arne 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn this paper, a model reference fault tolerant control strategy based on a reconfiguration of the reference model, with the addition of a virtual actuator block, is presented for uncertain systems affected by disturbances and sensor noise. In particular, this paper (1) extends the reference model approach to the use of interval state observers, by considering an error feedback controller, which uses the estimated bounds for the error between the real state and the reference state, and (2) extends the virtual actuator approach to the use of interval observers, which means that the virtual actuator is added to the control loop to preserve the nonnegativity of the interval estimation errors and the boundedness of the involved signals, in spite of the fault occurrence. In both cases, the conditions to assure the desired operation of the control loop are provided in terms of linear matrix inequalities. An illustrative example is used to show the main characteristics of the proposed approach.
Extraction of Vitamin E Isomers from Palm Oil: Methodology, Characterization, and in Vitro Anti‐Tumor Activity
Authors: Abu‐Fayyad Ahmed , Nazzal Sami 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVitamin E refers to a family of eight tocopherols (T) and tocotrienol (T3) isomers. Due to the unique pharmacological and anticancer activity of the individual isomers, there is a need to extract and separate the individual T3 isomers from T/T3 rich fractions of palm oil. The objective of the present study was to present a detailed protocol for the extraction of gram quantities of vitamin E isomers from a T3 rich fraction (Tocotrol™) that was obtained from palm oil, by column chromatography using a binary hexane:EtOAc (1–12%) phase system. The chemical integrity and identity of the extracted isomers was confirmed by TLC, HPLC, 1H‐NMR, and Raman analysis. To evaluate their anticancer activity, vitamin E isomers were first entrapped into nanoemulsions and then tested against a panel of breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Nanoemulsions were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique. They had an average droplet size between 156–200 nm. In confirmation to what has been reported in the literature, γ‐T3 and δ‐T3 isomers were found to be significantly more active against tumor cells than the α‐T and α‐T3 isomers. The current study has demonstrated the feasibility of extracting the individual vitamin E isomers at high yields from natural sources while maintaining their chemical integrity and pharmacological activity.
Association between widespread pressure pain hypersensitivity, health history, and trigger points in subjects with neck pain
Authors: Castaldo Matteo , Catena Antonella , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Arendt-Nielsen Lars 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Aims
Health history (medical conditions, comorbid musculoskeletal pain, surgical operation, long term intake of medications) may contribute to central sensitization. The duration and the number of the peripheral nociceptive input seem to play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of sensitization. No study has previously investigated these relationships. Our aim was to investigate the association between pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and health history in patients with neck pain, and the role of active trigger points (TrPs) on PPTs.

Methods
Thirty-four subjects with mechanical neck pain and 34 with whiplash-associated neck pain participated. They underwent an assessment of PPTs over upper trapezius, extensor carpi radialis longus, and tibialis anterior muscles, and were screened for the presence of active TrPs in upper trapezius muscle. Further, patients fulfilled a questionnaire investigating health history outcomes number and duration.

Results
Significant negative correlations between all PPTs and the duration of health history outcomes were found in both groups (all, P < 0.02), with no correlations between PPTs and the number of health history outcomes (all, P > 0.15). Significant lower PPTs over upper trapezius, extensor carpi radialis longus, and tibialis anterior (all, P < 0.01) muscles were found in subjects with active TrPs as compared to those with latent TrPs.

Conclusions
Widespread pressure pain hypersensitivity was associated with the duration, but not the number, of health history outcomes suggesting that long-lasting health complains may act as triggering factor driving sensitization in individuals with neck pain regardless the origin of neck pain. Patients with active TrPs in the upper trapezius muscle showed higher widespread pressure sensitivity than those with latent TrPs. These data should be included in the assessment of neck pain subjects, as they may be useful for planning the management of their symptoms.
Neuromas in patients with peripheral nerve injury and amputation - An ongoing study
Authors: Buch N.S. , Qerama E. , Finnerup N.B. , Nikolajsen L. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background and aims
Injury to peripheral nerves associated with trauma, amputation, or surgery may lead to the formation of neuromas that can cause severe pain. Unfortunately, neuromas are frequently refractory to medical and surgical treatment. This ongoing study examines whether neuromas are more frequent in patients experiencing pain after peripheral nerve injury or amputation than in patients without pain.

Methods
In this observational cohort study, 80 patients with peripheral nerve injury or amputation will be recruited. Patients will answer pain questionnaires and undergo a clinical examination with quantitative sensory testing performed within the area of spontaneous pain, including areas of brush-evoked allodynia and pinprick hyperalgesia. Neuromas are identified using ultrasound.

Results
Patient inclusion is ongoing. At present, fourteen amputees have participated in the study: nine males and four females, aged 38–77 years. Six patients had no neuromas. Stump pain in this group ranged from 0 to 8 and phantom pain from 0 to 10 on a numerical rating scale, 0–10. Eight patients had neuromas. Stump pain in this group ranged from 0 to 7 and phantom pain from 0 to 8. Further results will be presented at the congress.

Conclusions
Because of a limited number of patients included, it is not yet possible to conclude if neuromas are more frequent in patients with pain.
Hopefully, this study will increase our understanding of the role of neuromas in patients with pain after peripheral nerve injury and amputation.
Several days of muscle hyperalgesia facilitates cortical somatosensory excitability
Authors: De Martino E. , Petrini L. , Schabrun S. , Graven-Nielsen T. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background and aims
Maladaptive plasticity in neural circuits has been proposed in chronic musculoskeletal pain and has been discussed as a key component of the transition from acute to chronic pain. The induction of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in healthy individuals is one method that can be used to investigate the adaptations of neural circuits in response to several days of muscle hyperalgesia. The aim of this study was to determine the adaptations of the sensory cortex in response to muscle hyperalgesia induced by eccentric exercise of the wrist extensor muscles. It was hypothesized that muscle hyperalgesia would result in a facilitation of cortical somatosensory excitability, based on sensory evoked potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the radial nerve.

Methods
Twelve healthy subjects performed eccentric exercise of the wrist extensors. Muscle soreness, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) on the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscle, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) based on 10 channel EEG recorded during electrical stimulation of the radial nerve were recorded before (Day0Pre), 2h (Day0Post), 2 days (Day2), and 6 days (Day6) after exercise.

Results
Compared to Day0Pre: (i) Muscle soreness increased at Day0Post and increased further at Day2 (both P < 0.05). (ii) Pressure pain thresholds decreased at Day2 (P < 0.05), (iii) the peak-to-peak N30-P45 and P45-N60 amplitude of the sensory evoked potential from the central-parietal recording sites were increased at Day2 (both P < 0.05); (iv) reduction in ECR PPTs was correlated with an increase of the post-central P45 wave.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that hyperalgesia developing across several days is accompanied by an increase in sensory cortical excitability. In addition, sensory cortical adaptation followed a similar temporal profile to increased sensitivity to pressure (PPTs). This model may be relevant for further understanding neural adaptation in the transition from acute to chronic pain.