bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) reduces neonatal hypoxic‐ischaemic brain damage
Authors: Hristova Mariya , Rocha‐Ferreira Eridan , Fontana Xavier , Thei Laura , Buckle Rheanan , Christou Melina , Hompoonsup Supanida , Gostelow Naomi , Raivich Gennadij , Peebles Donald 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy is a leading cause of child death, with high mortality and morbidity, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy and cognitive disabilities. Hypoxia‐ischaemia (HI) strongly up‐regulates Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) in the immature brain. Our aim was to establish whether STAT3 up‐regulation is associated with neonatal HI‐brain damage and evaluate the phosphorylated STAT3‐contribution from different cell types in eliciting damage. We subjected postnatal day seven mice to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 60 min hypoxia. Neuronal STAT3‐deletion reduced cell death, tissue loss, microglial and astroglial activation in all brain regions. Astroglia‐specific STAT3‐deletion also reduced cell death, tissue loss and microglial activation, although not as strongly as the deletion in neurons. Systemic pre‐insult STAT3‐blockade at tyrosine 705 (Y705) with JAK2‐inhibitor WP1066 reduced microglial and astroglial activation to a more moderate degree, but in a pattern similar to the one produced by the cell‐specific deletions. Our results suggest that STAT3 is a crucial factor in neonatal HI‐brain damage and its removal in neurons or astrocytes, and, to some extent, inhibition of its phosphorylation via JAK2‐blockade reduces inflammation and tissue loss. Overall, the protective effects of STAT3 inactivation make it a possible target for a therapeutic strategy in neonatal HI.image
Current data show that neuronal and astroglial STAT3 molecules are involved in the pathways underlying cell death, tissue loss and gliosis following neonatal hypoxia‐ischaemia, but differ with respect to the target of their effect. Y705‐phosphorylation contributes to hypoxic‐ischaemic histopathology. Protective effects of STAT3 inactivation make it a possible target for a therapeutic strategy in neonatal hypoxia‐ischaemia.
A Socio‐Psychological Perspective on Team Ambidexterity: The Contingency Role of Supportive Leadership Behaviours
Authors: Jansen Justin J. P. , Kostopoulos Konstantinos C. , Mihalache Oli R. , Papalexandris Alexandros 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn addressing the notion of team ambidexterity, we propose that socio‐psychological factors (i.e., team cohesion and team efficacy) may help team members to resolve paradoxical challenges and to combine exploratory and exploitative learning efforts. In addition, we theorize that senior executives may play an important role in facilitating the emergence of ambidexterity at lower hierarchical levels. In doing so, we develop a multilevel contingency framework and propose that the effectiveness of teams to achieve ambidexterity is contingent upon supportive leadership behaviours at the organizational‐level. Using multilevel, multisource, and temporally separated data on 87 teams within 37 high‐tech and pharmaceutical firms, we not only reveal how team cohesion and efficacy may matter for the emergence of team ambidexterity but also show that the effectiveness of supportive leadership behaviours from senior executives varies across cohesive and efficacious teams.
Intraoral pH and temperature during sleep with and without mouth breathing
Authors: Choi J. E. , Waddell J. N. , Lyons K. M. , Kieser J. A. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryTo measure and compare the intraoral pH and temperature of individuals during sleep with and without mouth breathing. Ten healthy participants [mean age = 25·8 (± 4·3)] wore a custom‐made appliance fitted with a pH probe and thermocouple for two sets of 48 h. Continuous pH and temperature measurements were taken from the palatal aspect of the upper central incisors. To simulate mouth breathing during sleep, participants wore a nose clip for two nights of the four, with the first group (n = 5) wearing the nose clip during the first night and the rest (n = 5) wearing the nose clip during the second night of sleep to balance any potential bias from the wearing sequence. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted. The mean intraoral pH during daytime was 7·3 (± 0·4) and during sleep was 7·0 (± 0·5). The mean intraoral pH during sleep with mouth breathing was 6·6 (± 0·5), which was statistically significant compared with the normal sleep condition (P < 0·01). The intraoral pH decreased slowly over the hours of sleep in all participants. When sleeping with forced mouth breathing, intraoral pH showed a greater fall over a longer period of time. The mean intraoral temperature was 33·1 °C (± 5·2) during daytime and 33·3 °C (± 6·1) during sleep, with no statistical significance between sleep with and without mouth breathing (P > 0·05). The results suggest that mouth breathing during sleep is related to a decrease in intraoral pH compared with normal breathing during sleep, and this has been proposed as a causal factor for dental erosion and caries.
Role of mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways in migration of gingival epithelial cells in response to stimulation by cigarette smoke condensate and infection by Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Imamura K. , Kokubu E. , Kita D. , Ota K. , Yoshikawa K. , Ishihara K. , Saito A. 
Published: December 2015

Background and ObjectivePrevious studies have shown that cigarette smoke (CS) and periodontal pathogens could alter wound healing responses of gingival epithelial cells. To elucidate molecular mechanisms leading to these epithelial changes, we studied the signaling pathway involved in the modulation of cell migration by CS condensate (CSC) and the infection by a prominent periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis.Material and MethodsHuman gingival epithelial cells (Ca9‐22) were treated with CSC or vehicle control for 24 h. Activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) in cells with or without infection by P. gingivalis was assessed by polymerase chain reaction array and immunoblotting using phospho‐specific antibodies. Cell migration was assessed using in vitro wound closure model, and specific pharmacologic inhibitors of MAPK pathways were used to characterize further the extent of involvement of the MAPK pathways.ResultsPolymerase chain reaction array showed that gene expression of several members of the MAPK, particularly p38 and JNK, was upregulated more than twofold in Ca9‐22 cells stimulated with 10 μg/mL CSC. Coincubation with P. gingivalis induced a different pattern of gene expression for MAPK pathways, but it did not suppress the MAPK‐related genes upregulated by CSC. A significant phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 was observed in cells stimulated with 10 μg/mL CSC (p < 0.05), whereas coincubation with a higher concentration of CSC (250 μg/mL) evoked no such activation. P. gingivalis infection resulted in a tendency to reduce the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, which had been enhanced by stimulation with 10 μg/mL CSC. Incubation with ERK1/2 and p38 inhibitors significantly reduced the wound closure of CSC‐stimulated cells, by approximately 43% and 46%, respectively (p < 0.05).ConclusionCSC exerts effects on the migration of human gingival epithelial cells through the activation of the MAPK ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. P. gingivalis infection attenuates the CSC‐induced migration at least partly by suppressing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, but other pathways are likely to be involved in this modulatory process.
Ligature‐induced periodontitis in mice induces elevated levels of circulating interleukin‐6 but shows only weak effects on adipose and liver tissues
Authors: Matsuda Y. , Kato T. , Takahashi N. , Nakajima M. , Arimatsu K. , Minagawa T. , Sato K. , Ohno H. , Yamazaki K. 
Published: December 2015

Background and ObjectivesOur previous study demonstrated using an oral gavage model that Porphyromonas gingivalis could induce various inflammatory changes linked to periodontitis‐associated systemic diseases by altering gut microbiota. A ligature‐induced periodontitis model is similar to human periodontitis in various aspects: in both cases, alveolar bone resorption depends on oral bacterial load, and gingival tissue becomes infiltrated with inflammatory cells. Therefore, this model may be suitable for the analysis of bacterial burden and gingival tissue inflammation with changes related to systemic diseases.Material and MethodsPeriodontal tissue destruction was induced by a 2 wk ligature placement around the bilateral maxillary second molar. We analyzed the expression profile of various genes in several tissues, levels of systemic inflammatory markers and induction of insulin resistance. In addition, we studied changes in gut microbiota composition and bacterial load in the oral cavity.ResultsTwo weeks after ligature placement gingival inflammation was significantly induced with a disrupted gingival epithelial barrier and alveolar bone resorption accompanied by increased bacterial burden in the oral cavity. Gene expression analysis of the gingival tissue of ligated mice demonstrated that interleukin (Il)1b was significantly elevated and Il6 and Il17a tended to be higher in ligated mice than in untreated mice. Although serum IL‐6 was significantly elevated and serum amyloid A tended to be higher in ligated compared to untreated mice, endotoxin levels did not differ between the two groups. Among the genes whose expressions are closely related to glucose and lipid metabolisms, only phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) and acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase alpha (Acaca) showed significant changes following ligature placement in the liver, with the former upregulated and the latter downregulated. However, insulin sensitivity did not change following ligature placement. Furthermore, ligature placement weakly affected the composition of gut microbiota and gene expression in the intestines.ConclusionThe results suggest that increased oral commensals and gingival inflammation have limited roles in the pathological changes to adipose and liver tissues, which are important organs whose dysfunctions contribute to the development of periodontitis‐related systemic diseases.
Some pharmacokinetic indices of oral fluconazole administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) infected with cryptococcosis
Authors: Govendir M. , Black L. A. , Jobbins S. E. , Kimble B. , Malik R. , Krockenberger M. B. 
Published: December 2015

Three asymptomatic koalas serologically positive for cryptococcosis and two symptomatic koalas were treated with 10 mg/kg fluconazole orally, twice daily for at least 2 weeks. The median plasma Cmax and AUC0‐8 h for asymptomatic animals were 0.9 μg/mL and 4.9 μg/mL·h, respectively; and for symptomatic animals 3.2 μg/mL and 17.3 μg/mL·h, respectively. An additional symptomatic koala was treated with fluconazole (10 mg/kg twice daily) and a subcutaneous amphotericin B infusion twice weekly. After 2 weeks the fluconazole Cmax was 3.7 μg/mL and the AUC0‐8 h was 25.8 μg/mL*h. An additional three koalas were treated with fluconazole 15 mg/kg twice daily for at least 2 weeks, with the same subcutaneous amphotericin protocol co‐administered to two of these koalas (Cmax: 5.0 μg/mL; mean AUC0‐8 h: 18.1 μg/mL*h). For all koalas, the fluconazole plasma Cmax failed to reach the MIC90 (16 μg/mL) to inhibit C. gattii. Fluconazole administered orally at either 10 or 15 mg/kg twice daily in conjunction with amphotericin is unlikely to attain therapeutic plasma concentrations. Suggestions to improve treatment of systemic cryptococcosis include testing pathogen susceptibility to fluconazole, monitoring plasma fluconazole concentrations, and administration of 20–25 mg/kg fluconazole orally, twice daily, with an amphotericin subcutaneous infusion twice weekly.
Distribution and population structure of the anther smut Microbotryum silenes‐acaulis parasitizing an arctic–alpine plant
Authors: Bueker Britta , Eberlein Chris , Gladieux Pierre , Schaefer Angela , Snirc Alodie , Bennett Dominic J. , Begerow Dominik , Hood Michael E. , Giraud Tatiana 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCold‐adapted organisms with current arctic–alpine distributions have persisted during the last glaciation in multiple ice‐free refugia, leaving footprints in their population structure that contrast with temperate plants and animals. However, pathogens that live within hosts having arctic–alpine distributions have been little studied. Here, we therefore investigated the geographical range and population structure of a fungus parasitizing an arctic–alpine plant. A total of 1437 herbarium specimens of the plant Silene acaulis were examined, and the anther smut pathogen Microbotryum silenes‐acaulis was present throughout the host's geographical range. There was significantly greater incidence of anther smut disease in more northern latitudes and where the host locations were less dense, indicating a major influence of environmental factors and/or host demographic structure on the pathogen distribution. Genetic analyses with seven microsatellite markers on recent collections of 195 M. silenes‐acaulis individuals revealed three main genetic clusters, in North America, northern Europe and southern Europe, likely corresponding to differentiation in distinct refugia during the last glaciation. The lower genetic diversity in northern Europe indicates postglacial recolonization northwards from southern refugia. This study combining herbarium surveys and population genetics thus uniquely reveals the effects of climate and environmental factors on a plant pathogen species with an arctic–alpine distribution.
Renal shear wave velocity by acoustic radiation force impulse did not reflect advanced renal impairment
Authors: Takata Tomoaki , Koda Masahiko , Sugihara Takaaki , Sugihara Shinobu , Okamoto Toshiaki , Miyoshi Kenichi , Matono Tomomitsu , Hosho Keiko , Mae Yukari , Iyama Takuji , Fukui Takeaki , Fukuda Satoko , Munemura Chishio , Isomoto Hajime 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimAcoustic radiation force impulse is a noninvasive method for evaluating tissue elasticity on ultrasound. Renal shear wave velocity measured by this technique has not been fully investigated in patients with renal disease. The aim of the present study was to compare renal shear wave velocity in end‐stage renal disease patients and that in patients without chronic kidney disease and to investigate influencing factors.MethodsRenal shear wave velocities were measured in 59 healthy young subjects (control group), 31 subjects without chronic kidney disease (non‐CKD group), and 39 end‐stage renal disease patients (ESRD group). Each measurement was performed 10 times at both kidneys, and the mean value of eight of 10 measurements, excluding the maximum and minimum values, was compared.ResultsRenal shear wave velocity could be measured in all subjects. Renal shear wave velocity in the control group was higher than in the non‐CKD group and in the ESRD group, and no difference was found between the non‐CKD group and the ESRD group. Age and depth were negatively correlated to the renal shear wave velocity. In multiple regression analysis, age and depth were independent factors for renal shear wave velocity, while renal impairment was not. There was no difference between the non‐CKD group and the ESRD group, even when ages were matched and depth was adjusted.ConclusionRenal shear wave velocity was not associated with advanced renal impairment. However, it reflected alteration of renal aging, and this technique may be useful to detect renal impairment in the earlier stages.
From neutrophils to macrophages: differences in regional adipose tissue depots
Authors: Dam V. , Sikder T. , Santosa S. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryCurrently, we do not fully understand the underlying mechanisms of how regional adiposity promotes metabolic dysregulation. As adipose tissue expands, there is an increase in chronic systemic low‐grade inflammation due to greater infiltration of immune cells and production of cytokines. This chronic inflammation is thought to play a major role in the development of metabolic complications and disease such as insulin resistance and diabetes. We know that different adipose tissue depots contribute differently to the risk of metabolic disease. People who have an upper body fat distribution around the abdomen are at greater risk of disease than those who tend to store fat in their lower body around the hips and thighs. Thus, it is conceivable that adipose tissue depots contribute differently to the inflammatory milieu as a result of varied infiltration of immune cell types. In this review, we describe the role and function of major resident immune cells in the development of adipose tissue inflammation and discuss their regional differences in the context of metabolic disease risk. We find that although initial studies have found regional differences, a more comprehensive understanding of how immune cells interrupt adipose tissue homeostasis is needed.
Joint genetic and network analyses identify loci associated with root growth under NaCl stress in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kobayashi Yuriko , Sadhukhan Ayan , Tazib Tanveer , Nakano Yuki , Kusunoki Kazutaka , Kamara Mohamed , Chaffai Radhouane , Iuchi Satoshi , Sahoo Lingaraj , Kobayashi Masatomo , Hoekenga Owen A. , Koyama Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPlants have evolved a series of tolerance mechanisms to saline stress, which perturbs physiological processes throughout the plant. To identify genetic mechanisms associated with salinity tolerance, we performed linkage analysis and genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on maintenance of root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana in hydroponic culture with weak and severe NaCl toxicity. The top 200 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) determined by GWAS could cumulatively explain approximately 70% of the variation observed at each stress level. The most significant SNPs were linked to the genes of ATP‐binding cassette B10 and vacuolar proton ATPase A2. Several known salinity tolerance genes such as potassium channel KAT1 and calcium sensor SOS3 were also linked to SNPs in the top 200. In parallel, we constructed a gene co‐expression network to independently verify that particular groups of genes work together to a common purpose. We identify molecular mechanisms to confer salt tolerance from both predictable and novel physiological sources and validate the utility of combined genetic and network analysis. Additionally, our study indicates that the genetic architecture of salt tolerance is responsive to the severity of stress. These gene datasets are a significant information resource for a following exploration of gene function.
Photogrammetric Record Template
Authors: Author Arthur , Author Maria J. , Author S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis is an example of an original article in the layout expected by The Photogrammetric Record. The abstract is a concise summary of the essential elements of the paper, and should not contain detailed results. It should be no longer than 170 words. This template indicates how a paper submitted to the journal should be structured and formatted, including figures, tables, mathematics and references.
Phylogenetic relationships of Acronictinae with discussion of the abdominal courtship brush in Noctuidae (Lepidoptera)
Authors: ROTA JADRANKA , ZACHARCZENKO BRIGETTE V. , WAHLBERG NIKLAS , ZAHIRI REZA , SCHMIDT B. C. , WAGNER DAVID L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe present results of an eight‐gene molecular study of the subfamily Acronictinae and related Noctuidae. Amphipyrinae are recovered as sister to Acronictinae, but with weak support – not surprisingly, the content of the two subfamilies has often been mixed in classifications. Balsinae, previously placed near Acronictinae or within Noctuinae, is recovered within an unresolved polytomy of Cuculliinae, Eustrotiinae, Raphiinae and Dilobinae. Gerbathodes Warren, Moma Hübner and Nacna Fletcher are excluded from Acronictinae. Three genera recently transferred into the subfamily – Cerma Hübner, Chloronycta Schmidt & Anweiler and Comachara Franclemont – are confirmed as acronictines. Lophonycta Sugi (the type genus of Lophonyctinae) is returned to the Acronictinae. Sinocharis Püngeler, formerly considered to be Acontiinae or as the basis of its own subfamily Sinocharinae, is nested within early diverging Acronictinae genera. Both subfamilies are formally synonymized: i.e. Lophonyctinae syn.n. and Sinocharinae syn.n. Nine acronictine genus‐level taxa were found to nest within the nominate genus Acronicta Ochsenheimer: Eogena Guenée, Hyboma Hübner, Hylonycta Sugi, Jocheaera Hübner, Oxicesta Hübner, Simyra Ochsenheimer, Subacronicta Kozhanchikov, Triaena Hübner, and Viminia Chapman. Eogena, Oxicesta, and Simyra, currently treated as valid genera, nest within terminal clades of the genus Acronicta and are here subsumed within the genus: Eogena syn.n., Oxicesta syn.n. and Simyra syn.n. Four well‐supported species groups within Acronicta are identified: the alni clade, the leporina clade, the nervosa clade and the psi clade. While many previous treatments have stated explicitly that Acronictinae lack abdominal scent brushes, or excluded genera with brushes from the subfamily, we show that well‐developed brushes are present in three early diverging acronictine genera: Cerma, Lophonycta, and Sinocharis. We illustrate and describe the brushes of all three genera, and briefly review the taxonomic distribution of the anterior abdominal courtship brushes in Noctuidae, emphasizing the labile evolutionary distribution of these structures.
Serial testing for latent tuberculosis infection in transplant candidates: a retrospective review
Authors: Roth P.J. , Grim S.A. , Gallitano S. , Adams W. , Clark N.M. , Layden J.E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundAccurately identifying latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) in liver and renal transplant candidates is important because of the risks associated with both treatment of LTBI and reactivation of disease in this population. Many programs advocate yearly screening of patients awaiting organ transplantation. The reproducibility of serial interferon‐gamma release assay (IGRA) testing in transplant candidates has not been studied.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of patients listed for liver or kidney transplantation between January 1, 2005 and February 1, 2012 at the University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago. Data collected included demographics, transplant type, IGRA results, treatment received, and mortality.ResultsThe study population was comprised of 795 adults; 79 (10%) had at least 1 indeterminate result; indeterminate results were less common in men (P = 0.01) and more common in liver transplant candidates (P < 0.001). The reversion frequency was 27% with a rate of 158.1 reversions in 1000 person‐years. A higher magnitude of initial TB response values was predictive of consistently positive results (P < 0.001). The conversion frequency was 15% with a rate of 82.6 conversions in 1000 person‐years. Among those who converted, the values of the IGRA varied, with 48% having a TB response of <1 IU/mL, 41% 1–5 IU/mL, and only 10% >5 IU/mL.ConclusionsA significant number of conversions and reversions occur during serial IGRA testing of transplant candidates. Delineating true‐positive converters from false‐positives is an issue that warrants further study.