bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Inoue Aki , Egami Naoya , Fujimoto Chisato , Kinoshita Makoto , Yamasoba Tatsuya , Iwasaki Shinichi 
Published: August 2016

Objective: To investigate whether both cervical and ocular vestibular myogenic potentials (cVEMPs and oVEMPs) to air-conducted sound (ACS) and bone-conducted vibration (BCV) can help to differentiate vestibular migraine (VM) and Menière’s disease (MD). Study Design: Retrospective study. Settings: A tertiary referral center. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-eight patients with VM, 28 patients with definite unilateral MD, and 28 age-matched controls were included. Cervical VEMPs to 500 Hz ACS (cVEMPs-air) and 500 Hz BCV (cVEMPs-bone), oVEMPs to 500 Hz ACS (oVEMPs-air) and 500 Hz BCV (oVEMPs-bone), and caloric tests were performed. Results of these vestibular function tests were compared between the groups. Results: The prevalence of abnormality was significantly higher in VM than in controls only for the caloric test ( P < .05). Asymmetry ratios (ARs) for cVEMPs-air and oVEMPs-air were significantly larger in VM than in controls ( P < .05). Between VM and MD, the prevalence of abnormality was significantly different only for oVEMPs-air. The ARs for oVEMPs-air and caloric test asymmetries were significantly smaller in VM than in MD ( P < .05). Conclusions: Among the vestibular function tests, oVEMPs-air may be most helpful for the differentiation of VM from MD as a group.
Clinical factors associated with lithium response in bipolar disorders
Authors: Sportiche Sarah , Geoffroy Pierre Alexis , Brichant-Petitjean Clara , Gard Sebastien , Khan Jean-Pierre , Azorin Jean-Michel , Henry Chantal , Leboyer Marion , Etain Bruno , Scott Jan , Bellivier Frank 
Published: August 2016

Background: Bipolar disorder is a common chronic illness characterized by high levels of morbidity and all-cause mortality. Lithium is one of the gold standard mood stabilizer treatments, but the identification of good, partial and non-responders in clinical settings is inconsistent. Methods: We used an established rating scale (the Alda scale) to classify the degree of lithium response (good response, partial response, non-response) in a large, multicentre clinically representative sample of well-characterized cases of bipolar disorders I and II. Next, we examined previously reported clinical predictors of response to determine which factors significantly differentiated between the three response groups. Results: Of 754 cases, 300 received lithium, for at least 6 months, as a treatment for bipolar disorder (40%). Of these cases, 17% were classified as good response, 52% as partial response and 31% as non-response. Lifetime history of mixed episodes ( p = 0.017) and alcohol use disorders ( p = 0.015) both occurred in >20% of partial response and non-response groups but <10% of good response cases. Family history of bipolar disorder I was of borderline statistical significance, being more frequent in the good response group (38%) compared with the non-response group (18%). There was a trend ( p = 0.06) for bipolar disorder II to be associated with non-response. Conclusions: Only three factors previously identified as predictors of lithium response significantly differentiated the response groups identified in our sample. Interestingly, these factors have all been found to co-occur more often than expected by chance, and it can be hypothesized that they may represent a shared underlying factor or dimension. Further prospective studies of predictors and the performance of the Alda scale are recommended.
Follow-up over 20 months confirms gains of online behavioural training in frequent episodic migraine
Authors: Sorbi Marjolijn J , Balk Yannick , Kleiboer Annet M , Couturier Emile GM 
Published: August 2016

Aim This study examined the change over 20 months in 178 participants with frequent episodic migraine under adequate treatment as usual, who had completed online behavioural training (oBT) in migraine self-management either directly (group 1, n = 120) or after 10 months of watchful waiting (group 2, n = 58). Methods Participants completed questionnaires and an online headache diary and migraine monitor following the International Classification of Headache Disorders at T0 (baseline), T1 (post-training), T2 (6-month follow-up; extended baseline in group 2), T3 (post-training, group 2 only) and T4 (group 1: 16-month follow-up; group 2: 6-month follow-up). Statistical analyses were conducted on the observed data without imputation of missing observations. Results Both groups were highly comparable. The data over time revealed benefits in response to oBT, with significant between-group differences in the change achieved in the training episodes T2–T0 (group 1) and T4–T2 (group 2). Improved attack frequency ( M = –23%) was higher in participants with more (i.e. 4–6) attacks per month at baseline, and the effects of oBT were durable over 16 months of follow-up. Conclusions oBT is beneficial in frequent episodic migraine, which deserves special efforts in care. Self-management variants such as oBT reach patients easily and supplement these efforts with durable results.
Characteristics of headache during and after digital substraction angiography: A critical re-appraisal of the ICHD-3 criteria
Authors: Aktan Ç , Özgür Ö , Sindel T , Dora B 
Published: August 2016

Introduction Headache is a frequent but neglected side effect of angiography, and the criteria for angiography related headache have been based on only a few studies. Methods One-hundred and thirty nine patients who underwent cerebral angiography and 30 controls who underwent peripheral angiography participated in this prospective, non-randomized, case-control study. Participants were instructed to tell the angiography staff in case a headache developed and were questioned about their headache just after, 24 hours after, and one week after angiography. Results In the cerebral angiography group 42 patients (30.2%) had procedural headache compared to three of the controls (10%). Two different types of headache related to angiography were observed: one during angiography, which was related to contrast injection, and the other occuring within 24 hours. Both headaches were more frequent in patients with a history of primary headache, but were distinctly different from the premorbid headache. Headache characteristics are described in detail. Discussion Both types of headache related to angiography did not match the ICHD-3beta criteria for angiography headache, but were similar to headaches reported in studies that were not included in the current criteria. The timing and characteristics of these headaches are discussed in the light of our and previous reports. We suggest that the present ICHD-3 beta criteria are inadequate in properly defining angiography headache and should be revised in the light of the present literature.
Factors associated with disease expression patterns in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: results from LUMINA (LXXVII), a multiethnic US cohort
Authors: Ugarte-Gil M F , Pimentel-Quiroz V R , Vilá L M , Reveille J D , McGwin G , Alarcón G S 
Published: August 2016

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the association of disease expression patterns with demographic and clinical characteristics in SLE. Methods Patients from a multi-ethnic SLE cohort were included. Disease expression patterns were defined as acute SLE and insidious SLE; this group was divided into those who accrued three ACR criteria and then accrued the fourth (insidious pattern A) and those who have one or two and then accrued four criteria (insidious pattern B). Disease activity was ascertained with the SLAM-R and disease damage with SLICC/ACR damage index. Variables were compared using analysis of variance for numeric variables and χ2 for categorical variables. Multivariable analyses adjusting for possible confounders were performed. Results Six hundred and forty patients were included; the most frequent pattern was the insidious pattern B, with 415 (64.8%) patients, followed by the acute SLE group with 115 (18.0%) and the insidious pattern A with 110 (17.2%) patients. Patients from the insidious pattern A were older at diagnosis (pattern A: 39.8 vs pattern B: 36.7 vs acute: 32.4 years; p < 0.0001), more educated (13.6 vs 13.1 vs 12.1; p = 0.0008) and with a less active disease at baseline (8.8 vs 9.2 vs 10.7; p = 0.0227). Caucasian and Hispanic (Puerto Rico) ethnicities were overrepresented in this group (40.0% vs 27.7% vs 19.1% and 18.2% vs 17.1% vs 9.6%; p = 0.0003). Conclusions More insidious onset is associated with older age, Caucasian ethnicity, higher level of education, and lower disease activity than those with acute onset. However, after multivariable analyses, disease activity was not associated with any disease expression pattern.
Signs and symptoms associated with synthetic cannabinoid toxicity: systematic review
Authors: Courts Julie , Maskill Virginia , Gray Andrew , Glue Paul 
Published: August 2016

Aims: Use of synthetic cannabinoids is associated with significant physical and psychological harms. This research quantified reported toxicities from published reports and assessed the influence of size of the reported study population on rates of symptom reporting. Methods: Systematic review of published case reports and case series of toxicity associated with use of synthetic cannabinoids. Results: Symptoms associated with synthetic cannabinoid toxicity were reported for 3695 individuals, predominantly young males. Symptoms included physiological (e.g. tachycardia, hypertension, nausea/vomiting), emotional (e.g. agitation, irritability, paranoia), behavioural (e.g. drowsiness, aggression) and perceptual (e.g. hallucinations) domains. Most common symptoms were tachycardia (30.2% of cases), agitation (13.5%), drowsiness (12.3%), nausea/vomiting (8.2%) and hallucinations (7.6%). Death or serious medical complications were uncommon (e.g. death 0.2%, stroke 0.1%, myocardial infarction 0.09%). Case reports/smaller case series ( n<10) reported statistically significantly higher rates for 29/34 symptoms than larger case series ( n≥10), which could represent selection bias. Conclusions: Symptoms of synthetic cannabinoid toxicity are variable and cover a number of physical and psychological domains. Symptom reporting varies by study population size. Due to the variable presenting symptoms of synthetic cannabinoid toxicity, clinicians in emergency services should consider synthetic cannabinoid toxicity when evaluating young adult male patients presenting with unexplained agitation or cardiovascular symptoms.
Same-sex marriage and mental health
Authors: Liangas Georgios , Athanasou James A 
Published: August 2016

Objectives: It has been proposed that legislation for same-sex marriage has a positive mental health benefit. The purpose of this paper is to review and evaluate the empirical and conceptual links between same-sex marriage and mental health. Conclusions: There are substantive methodological issues in the four surveys and comparisons undertaken. Difficulties with the validity of the evidence are discussed. Conceptual difficulties in the arguments relating to victimisation as well as the psychology of marriage are highlighted. It was concluded that it is premature to make claims of causality vis-a-vis same-sex marriage legislation and mental health.
Severe motor and vocal tics controlled with Sativex®
Authors: Trainor David , Evans Lois , Bird Rupert 
Published: August 2016

Objectives: A single case report on cannabinoid treatment for treatment-resistant Tourette syndrome (TS). Method: Our subject received 10.8 mg Tetrahydocannabinol and 10 mg cannabidiol daily, in the form of two oro-mucosal sprays of ‘Sativex®’, twice daily. Assessment was pre-treatment and at week one, two, and four during treatment. He completed the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale as a subjective measure, and was videoed at each stage. The videos were objectively rated by two assessors, blind to the stage of treatment, using the Original Rush Videotape Rating Scale. Results: Both subjective and objective measures demonstrated marked improvement in the frequency and severity of motor and vocal tics post-treatment. There was good interrater reliability of results. Conclusions: Our results support previous research suggesting that cannabinoids are a safe and effective treatment for TS and should be considered in treatment-resistant cases. Further studies are needed to substantiate our findings.
Modelling the deep drawing of a 3D woven fabric with a second gradient model
Authors: Barbagallo Gabriele , Madeo Angela , Morestin Fabrice , Boisse Philippe 
Published: August 2016

Experimental testing on dry woven fabrics exhibits a complex set of evidences that are difficult to completely describe using classical continuum models. The aim of this paper is to show how the introduction of energy terms related to the micro-deformation mechanisms of the fabric, in particular to the bending stiffness of the yarns, helps in the modelling of the mechanical behaviour of this kind of materials. To this aim, a second gradient, hyperelastic, initially orthotropic continuum theory is proposed to model fibrous composite interlocks at finite strains. In particular, the present work explores the relationship between the onset of wrinkling during the simulation of the deep drawing of a woven fabric and the use of a second gradient model. It is shown that the introduction of second gradient terms accounting for the description of in-plane and out-of-plane bending rigidities decreases the onset of wrinkles during the simulation of deep drawing. In this work, a quadratic energy, roughly proportional to the square of the curvature of the fibres, is presented and implemented in the simulations. This simple constitutive assumption allows the effects of the second gradient energy on both the wrinkling description and the numerical stability of the model to be clearly shown. The results obtained in second gradient simulations are descriptive of the experimental evidence of deep drawing whose description is targeted in this work. The present paper provides additional evidence of the fact that first gradient continuum theories alone cannot be considered fully descriptive of the behaviour of dry woven composite reinforcements. On the other hand, the proposed second gradient model for fibrous composite reinforcements opens the way both to the more accurate simulation of complex forming processes and to the possibility of controlling the onset of wrinkles.
New Approaches to Feline Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gilor Chen , Rudinsky Adam J , Hall Melanie J 
Published: August 2016

Clinical relevance: Incretin-based therapies are revolutionizing the field of human diabetes mellitus (DM) by replacing insulin therapy with safer and more convenient long-acting drugs. Mechanism of action: Incretin hormones (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide [GIP]) are secreted from the intestinal tract in response to the presence of food in the intestinal lumen. GLP-1 delays gastric emptying and increases satiety. In the pancreas, GLP-1 augments insulin secretion and suppresses glucagon secretion during hyperglycemia in a glucose-dependent manner. It also protects beta cells from oxidative and toxic injury and promotes expansion of beta cell mass. Advantages: Clinical data have revealed that GLP-1 analog drugs are as effective as insulin in improving glycemic control while reducing body weight in people suffering from type 2 DM. Furthermore, the incidence of hypoglycemia is low with these drugs because of their glucose-dependent mechanism of action. Another significant advantage of these drugs is their duration of action. While insulin injections are administered at least once daily, long-acting GLP-1 analogs have been developed as once-a-week injections and could potentially be administered even less frequently than that in diabetic cats. Outline: This article reviews the physiology of incretin hormones, and the pharmacology and use of GLP-1 analogs, with emphasis on recent research in cats. Further therapies that are based on incretin hormones, such as DPP-4 inhibitors, are also briefly discussed, as are some other treatment modalities that are currently under investigation.
Feline Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis
Authors: Bartges Joseph W 
Published: August 2016

Practical relevance: Uroliths occur commonly in the bladder and/or urethra of cats and can be lifethreatening if urethral obstruction occurs. Calcium oxalate accounts for 40–50% of urocystoliths and these stones are not amenable to medical dissolution; therefore, removal by surgery or minimally invasive techniques is required if uroliths must be treated. Medical protocols for prevention involve decreasing urine saturation for minerals that form uroliths. Etiopathogenesis: Formation of uroliths is not a disease, but rather a complication of several disorders. Some disorders can be identified and corrected (such as infection-induced struvite urolith formation); others can be identified but not corrected (such as idiopathic hypercalcemia). In most cats with calcium oxalate urolith formation the underlying etiopathogenesis is not known. A common denominator of all these disorders is that they can from time to time create oversaturation of urine with one or more crystal precursors, resulting in formation of crystals. Basic concepts: In order to develop rational and effective approaches to treatment, abnormalities that promote urolith formation must be identified, with the goal of eliminating or modifying them. It is important, therefore, to understand several basic concepts associated with urolithiasis and the factors that promote urolith formation that may be modified with medical treatment; for example, the state of urinary saturation, modifiers of crystal formation, potential for multiple crystal types, and presence of bacterial infection or urinary obstruction.
Eye examination in the cat
Authors: Stiles Jean , Kimmitt Beth 
Published: August 2016

Practical relevance: The ability to perform a complete eye examination in the cat is critically important for patients with an ocular disorder or a systemic disease, as well as for the geriatric cat. Clinical challenges: Cats may need short breaks between portions of the eye exam in order to minimize stress. For the clinician, use of ophthalmic equipment and interpretation of normal vs abnormal findings may take some practice in order to develop proficiency. Audience: This review is aimed at veterinary practitioners and outlines all the steps and equipment necessary to perform a complete ophthalmic examination in the cat. Equipment: Although some specialized equipment is required, a complete eye exam can be performed with a modest investment in equipment and supplies. Evidence base: This article draws on published references for normal parameters measured in the feline eye exam, as well as the experience of the authors.
A Bayesian response-adaptive trial in tuberculosis: The endTB trial
Authors: Cellamare Matteo , Ventz Steffen , Baudin Elisabeth , Mitnick Carole D. , Trippa Lorenzo 
Published: August 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the use of Bayesian adaptive randomization for clinical trials of new treatments for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Methods: We built a response-adaptive randomization procedure, adapting on two preliminary outcomes for tuberculosis patients in a trial with five experimental regimens and a control arm. The primary study outcome is treatment success after 73 weeks from randomization; preliminary responses are culture conversion at 8 weeks and treatment success at 39 weeks. We compared the adaptive randomization design with balanced randomization using hypothetical scenarios. Results: When we compare the statistical power under adaptive randomization and non-adaptive designs, under several hypothetical scenarios we observe that adaptive randomization requires fewer patients than non-adaptive designs. Moreover, adaptive randomization consistently allocates more participants to effective arm(s). We also show that these advantages are limited to scenarios consistent with the assumptions used to develop the adaptive randomization algorithm. Conclusion: Given the objective of evaluating several new therapeutic regimens in a timely fashion, Bayesian response-adaptive designs are attractive for tuberculosis trials. This approach tends to increase allocation to the effective regimens.
Adult patient perspectives on clinical trial result reporting: A survey of cancer patients
Authors: Elzinga Kate E , Khan Omar F , Tang Andrew R , Fernandez Conrad V , Elzinga Christine L , Heng Daniel YC , Vickers Michael M , Truong Tony H , Tang Patricia A 
Published: August 2016

Background: The provision of study results to research participants is supported by pediatric and adult literature. This study assessed adult cancer patient preferences surrounding aggregate result disclosure to study participants. Methods: A 46-item questionnaire was given to 250 adult cancer patients who had participated in oncology trials at a single center. Respondents answered questions surrounding their preferences for timing, content, and modality of communication for dissemination of study results. Results: Questionnaire completion rate was 76% (189/250). Most patients (92%) strongly felt a right to know study results. Patients preferred result dissemination via letter for trials with positive outcomes, but preferred in-person clinic visits for negative outcomes. Despite this, a majority of participants (59%) found letters acceptable to inform participants of negative results. Only a minority (36%) of the participants found Internet-based disclosure acceptable for negative trial results. Unfortunately, very few patients (8%) recalled having received the results for a study they participated in, and of these patients, less than half fully understood the results they were given. Conclusion: Most clinical trial participants feel they have a right to study result disclosure, regardless of trial outcome. In-person visits are preferred for negative results, but more feasible alternatives such as letters were still acceptable for the majority of participants. However, Internet-based disclosure was not acceptable to most participants in oncology trials. Time and cost allocations for result disclosure should be considered during grant and ethics board applications, and clear guidelines are required to help researchers share the results with patients.