bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenology, voltinism, and brood development of Xylosandrus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ambrosia beetles in New York
Authors: Milbrath Lindsey R , Biazzo Jeromy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The ambrosia beetles Xylosandrus germanus (Blanford) and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) are nonnative pests in orchards and nurseries in North America. They construct galleries in the sapwood of stressed woody hosts and culture a symbiotic fungus as food for their offspring. Preventing attacks is preferred but a better understanding of their biology may elucidate additional avenues for control. Recent phenological studies are lacking for X. germanus that is common in New York, and biological information on brood and gallery development is lacking for the less abundant X. crassiusculus. We conducted both outdoor rearing and laboratory studies to better understand the timing of key events in the maturation of their galleries, particularly associated with the symbiotic fungi. Two and a partial third summer generation were consistently observed over 2 yr for X. germanus; and thus, 3 flights of adult females (foundresses) occurred each summer from mid-April to late September. In both the field and laboratory, initial growth of the symbiotic fungus occurs within a few days of gallery initiation. The rapid development of the reproductive tract and oviposition by X. germanus appears to be stimulated by the presence of the fungus. Fungal, reproductive, and brood development are similar for the related X. crassiusculus in laboratory studies; the 2 species mainly appear to differ in size. The lag between beetle colonization and reproduction currently seems too brief to be exploited for management. Disruption of other stages in gallery development should also be explored to minimize the beetle damage if attacks cannot be prevented.
Detection of anti-leptospiral antibodies using recombinant ErpY-like lipoprotein based latex agglutination test for serodiagnosis of animal leptospirosis
Authors: Kumar Kirubakaran Vinod , Bokade Prajakta Prashant , Pal Archana , Deenadayalan Oviya , SowjanyaKumari Shashikumar , Bharath Venkatappa , Shome Bibek Ranjan , Balamurugan Vinayagamurthy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Precise and timely diagnosis is essential to prevent severe outcomes of leptospirosis in humans and animals. Existing diagnostic methods face challenges and limitations, underscoring the need for novel, field-applicable screening, and diagnostic tests/assays. This study evaluates the diagnostic utility of a recombinant ErpY-like lipoprotein (rErpY-LIC11966) in a latex agglutination test (LAT) for diagnosis of animal leptospirosis. The ErpY gene sequence from Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona, excluding the signal peptide, was amplified, cloned into the pETite vector, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed rErpY (∼16 kDa) was characterized by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and Western blot using Leptospira-specific standard sera. To assess the diagnostic potential of rErpY, Ni-NTA affinity-purified protein was used to sensitize latex-coated beads (0.8 µm colour beads), which were then employed in the LAT for standardization and optimization with standard positive and negative sera. For evaluation, the rErpY-LAT was tested on serum samples from 177 suspected animal cases and compared to the microscopic agglutination test. It showed a relative diagnostic sensitivity of 90.6%, a specificity of 89.1%, and an overall accuracy of 90%. This study proposes rErpY-LAT as a field testing/screening diagnostic tool for preliminary serodiagnosis of leptospirosis, highlighting the potential of recombinant protein-based assays to address current diagnostic challenges.
The 2024 Forum on Domestic Violence and the Hague Abduction Convention
Authors: Barnett Adrienne , Kaye Miranda , Weiner Merle 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the recent Forum on Domestic Violence and the Operation of Article 13(1)(b) of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction sponsored by the Hague Conference on Private International Law. The article describes the reason for the Forum and highlights some of the important content that emerged at the event. It concludes with recommendations for the next Forum, scheduled to occur in Brazil during the second half of 2025.
Low latency carbon budget analysis reveals a large decline of the land carbon sink in 2023
Authors: Ke Piyu , Ciais Philippe , Sitch Stephen , Li Wei , Bastos Ana , Liu Zhu , Xu Yidi , Gui Xiaofan , Bian Jiang , Goll Daniel S , Xi Yi , Li Wanjing , O'Sullivan Michael , Goncalves De Souza Jefferson , Friedlingstein Pierre , Chevallier Frédéric 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
In 2023, the CO2 growth rate was 3.37 ± 0.11 ppm at Mauna Loa, which was 86% above that of the previous year and hit a record high since observations began in 1958, while global fossil fuel CO2 emissions only increased by 0.6% ± 0.5%. This implies an unprecedented weakening of land and ocean sinks, and raises the question of where and why this reduction happened. Here, we show a global net land CO2 sink of 0.44 ± 0.21 GtC yr−1, which is the weakest since 2003. We used dynamic global vegetation models, satellite fire emissions, an atmospheric inversion based on OCO-2 measurements and emulators of ocean biogeochemical and data-driven models to deliver a fast-track carbon budget in 2023. Those models ensured consistency with previous carbon budgets. Regional flux anomalies from 2015 to 2022 are consistent between top-down and bottom-up approaches, with the largest abnormal carbon loss in the Amazon during the drought in the second half of 2023 (0.31 ± 0.19 GtC yr−1), extreme fire emissions of 0.58 ± 0.10 GtC yr−1 in Canada and a loss in Southeast Asia (0.13 ± 0.12 GtC yr−1). Since 2015, land CO2 uptake north of 20°N had declined by half to 1.13 ± 0.24 GtC yr−1 in 2023. Meanwhile, the tropics recovered from the 2015–2016 El Niño carbon loss, gained carbon during the La Niña years (2020–2023), then switched to a carbon loss during the 2023 El Niño (0.56 ± 0.23 GtC yr−1). The ocean sink was stronger than normal in the equatorial eastern Pacific due to reduced upwelling from La Niña's retreat in early 2023 and the development of El Niño later. Land regions exposed to extreme heat in 2023 contributed a gross carbon loss of 1.73 GtC yr−1, indicating that record warming in 2023 had a strong negative impact on the capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to mitigate climate change.
Comparative efficacy and safety of talazoparib plus enzalutamide and other first-line treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Castro Elena , Ellis Jenna , Craigie Samantha , Haltner Anja , Nazari Jonathan , Niyazov Alexander , Samjoo Imtiaz A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Talazoparib plus enzalutamide (TALA + ENZA) has demonstrated antitumor activity in the phase 3 clinical trial (TALAPRO-2; NCT03395197) as first-line (1L) therapy in men with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Although many active interventions are available, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving talazoparib have only been conducted to assess its efficacy and safety compared to enzalutamide. To estimate comparisons between all relevant interventions, indirect comparisons are needed.

Objective
To estimate the comparative efficacy and safety of TALA + ENZA in 1L patients with mCRPC by conducting a systematic literature review and network meta-analyses (NMAs).

Methods
Databases were searched using Ovid, along with several gray literature sources to identify RCTs evaluating treatments in 1L mCRPC (PROSPERO registration: CRD42021283512). Feasibility assessment evaluated trial suitability for NMA inclusion and Bayesian or frequentist NMAs were conducted for evaluable efficacy and safety outcomes, respectively.

Results
Thirty-three RCTs met the eligibility criteria and were feasible for NMAs. Across multiple efficacy outcomes assessed, except for overall survival (OS), TALA + ENZA was ranked the most efficacious treatment. For OS, TALA + ENZA showed the second-highest probability of being the most effective treatment; second to docetaxel 50 mg plus prednisolone 10 mg. With respect to safety outcomes, TALA + ENZA, in general, showed increased rates of hematological adverse events.

Conclusions
TALA + ENZA showed favorable results across multiple efficacy endpoints, but not across hematological toxicities compared with other 1L treatments in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic mCRPC in the all-comers patient population.
Impact of the Lyα radiation force on super-Eddington accretion on to a massive black hole
Authors: Mushano Takuya , Ogawa Takumi , Ohsuga Ken , Yajima Hidenobu , Omukai Kazuyuki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The viability of super-Eddington accretion remains a topic of intense debate, crucial for understanding the formation of supermassive black holes in the early universe. However, the impact of the Ly$\alpha$ radiation force on this issue remains poorly understood. We investigate the propagation of the Ly$\alpha$ photons and evaluate the Ly$\alpha$ radiation force within a spherically symmetric accreting H i gas on to the central black hole. We solve the radiation transfer equation, incorporating the destruction processes of Ly$\alpha$ photons through two-photon decay and collisional de-excitation. We find that the Ly$\alpha$ photons, originating in the H ii region around black holes, suffer from multiple resonance scattering before being destroyed via two-photon decay and collisional de-excitation. Hence, the Ly$\alpha$ radiation force undergoes a significant amplification, surpassing gravity at the innermost section of the H i region. This amplification, quantified as the force multiplier, reaches approximately 130 and remains nearly constant, regardless of the optical depth at the line center, provided the optical thickness of the flow is within the range of $10^{10\\!-\\!14}$. The requisite lower limit of the product of gas density and black hole mass to realize super-Eddington accretion is found to be in the range $(2\\!-\\!40) \times 10^9\, M_\odot \, {\rm cm}^{-3}$, which is a few to tens of times larger than the minimum value obtained without accounting for the Ly$\alpha$ radiation force. The pronounced amplification of the Ly$\alpha$ radiation force poses a substantial challenge to the feasibility of super-Eddington accretion.
03 Best practice for transition from paediatric complex pain care: A scoping review
Authors: Ouellet Monica , Baerg Krista , Kaur Amanjot 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Many adolescent and young adults (AYA) experiencing chronic pain often continue to have pain in adulthood and thus must make the transition from paediatric care to adult care. Persistent pain and disability due to chronic pain throughout young adulthood can disrupt the attainment of important developmental milestones at transition to adulthood that impact quality of life. Inadequate transition planning may be associated with poor health outcomes and increased health utilization. However, only few studies have described the specific transition protocol from paediatric to adult care that AYA with chronic pain must make.

Objectives
To improve understanding of transitional care needs during transition planning and after transition (quality of care), this paper will determine known barriers to successful transition from paediatric chronic pain care to adult care as well as factors associated with successful transition from paediatric multidisciplinary paediatric chronic pain care, identify patient care needs at transition from paediatric chronic pain care, and finally describe the best practice (existing frameworks) to support youth at transition from paediatric chronic pain care.

Design/Methods
This scoping review used previously published Arksey and O’Malley framework and followed the PRISMA guidelines. It sought to answer the following questions. What are the barriers to successful transition and what factors are associated with successful transition from paediatric chronic pain care to adult care? What are patient care needs at transition from paediatric chronic pain care? How can we best support youth at transition from interdisciplinary paediatric chronic pain care? A literature search was carried on Ovid Medline and 12 studies (11 research articles and 1 dissertation) published from 2015 to 2022 were included in the review, with only one theoretical transition framework that may be useful in the Canadian healthcare setting.

Results
In this scoping review, interpersonal, organizational, and systemic barriers and enablers for successful transition were identified. The most frequently identified barriers to successful transition include lack of self-efficacy, trust, communication, coordination of care between paediatric and adult care. A need of early transition, an individualized approach, fluid and dynamic transition process, and age-appropriate resources were identified as primary patient care needs during transition. Four frameworks supporting transitional care for AYA with chronic health conditions were identified.

Conclusion
Limited evidence suggests that there is lack of standardized transition protocol for clinical use. There is an urgent need for an evidence-based transition tools for clinical use for AYA with chronic pain.
13 Child maltreatment in Canada in the time of COVID-19: Experiences of child protection teams
Authors: Dixon J Andrew , Laberge Marie , Chauvin-Kimoff Laurel , Morantz Gillian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were many fears regarding the effect on children’s wellbeing – specifically with regards to increased exposure to violence and potential for abuse and neglect within their homes. Early experiences of child protect teams (CPT) in the literature from one Canadian tertiary care center revealed a number of adaptations in their child abuse programs such as a move toward virtual assessments.

Objectives
Our descriptive study seeks to understand the perspectives, practices, and experiences of child protection teams in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic with regards to: clinical practice, interactions with child welfare organizations and the justice system, team modes of operating and medical education. These lessons can be applied to child maltreatment and neglect clinical practice in the event of future pandemics, natural disasters, and to provide care to rural areas of Canada.

Design/Methods
Using a web-based, bilingual, mixed methods survey, we asked both quantitative and open-ended qualitative questions to members of CPTs across Canada. Thematic analysis was completed on qualitative responses. We received a total of 11 responses.

Results
Respondents unanimously reported a decrease in referrals during the COVID-19 pandemic. 64% endorsed the use of new virtual tools. Virtual tools were used to collaborate amongst members of the CPT as well as with external partners (such as child welfare and justice system). Interestingly, there was minimal adaptation of these tools in patient-facing contexts. 57% of respondents foresee these tools to continue being used in a post-COVID-19 context, and 71% see relevance of these tools for use in rural contexts. Respondents reported that virtual clinical discussions changed the way medical education and case discussion in child maltreatment was delivered.

Conclusion
These findings describe not only the adaptation of child protection teams to the pandemic, but also robust changes to clinical practice, interactions with partner organizations and the justice system, team modes of operating and medical education in child maltreatment and neglect in Canada.
14 Exploring factors contributing to Secondary Traumatic Stress in residents during a child maltreatment paediatrics rotation
Authors: Bal Chandandeep , Yeung Frances , Smith Jenny , Cho Romy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) refers to the distress and emotional disruption experienced by individuals caring for those who have experienced trauma. STS is increasingly recognised in child serving professions, especially in medical trainees and clinicians working in Child Maltreatment Paediatrics (CMP). Paediatric resident physicians are typically of younger age, work long hours in stressful conditions, and have limited CMP experience. This makes them particularly vulnerable to experiencing STS. In addition to affecting the wellbeing of trainees, STS can impede performance at work and affect patient care. Thus, it is important to understand and mitigate the development of STS among paediatric trainees during their CMP rotation.

Objectives
This study aims to identify key factors contributing to STS among medical residents at a tertiary care paediatric hospital during a CMP rotation.

Design/Methods
Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted to explore the experiences and perceptions of CMP trainees, staff physicians, and psychologists. Quality Improvement methods including a Fishbone diagram (figure 1), 5-whys analysis, and Pareto analysis (figure 2) were used to analyze the factors that contribute to residents developing STS symptoms.

Results
Our analysis revealed the following themes contributing to STS symptoms in paediatric residents: (1) limited awareness and education on STS symptoms, (2) lack of planned case debriefing, (3) residency-related burn out, (4) limited experience in CMP, (5) hidden curriculum of residency, and (6) limited opportunity to discuss STS symptoms.

Conclusion
Our study identified factors related to both limited knowledge around STS, and limited opportunities to debrief cases that may contribute to the development of STS among residents. These factors can, in part, be addressed on a program level. This aligns with existing STS literature which emphasizes implementing program level strategies to support professionals in addition to prioritizing self-care. Next steps involve implementing targeted interventions within the rotation to help mitigate STS effects on trainees.
16 Caring for children with medical complexity beyond the hospital: The work life experiences of nurses in homecare
Authors: Pitch Natalie , Mekhuri Sam , Keilty Krista , Chu Stephanie , Patel Richa , Shin Abigail , Orkin Julia , Amin Reshma 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Homecare nursing is considered essential to the care for children with medical complexity (CMC) given their intense daily care demands and dependence on medical technology. While patients, families, and healthcare providers (i.e., paediatricians, nurse practitioners) rely on homecare nurses (HCNs), there is limited research exploring factors that either promote or challenge the ability of HCNs to provide safe and satisfactory care in the home environment.

Objectives
This study aims to gain a thorough understanding of HCNs’ experiences caring for CMC. Specifically, we aimed to explore both the facilitators and barriers to feeling well-equipped for the role, developing relationships with families, and providing high quality care.

Design/Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews between March 2021-March 2023 with HCNs caring for CMC using medical technology (e.g., home ventilation, central venous access devices). Interview questions explored the HCNs’ clinical experiences and education in the use of medical technology, relationships with family caregivers, rewarding and challenging aspects of their work-life, and recommendations to improve their experience in homecare nursing. Interviews were audio recorded, deidentified, transcribed verbatim, coded and analyzed using content analysis.

Results
Twenty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews revealed two major themes and several associated subthemes: (1) the unique experiences of a homecare nurse (patients’ homes as the workplace, obstacles to delivering care, toll on emotions, and rewards of the role); and (2) interactions with patients and their families (facilitators of building partnerships and challenges to relationships).

Conclusion
Homecare nursing for CMC is rewarding, providing opportunities for HCNs to develop meaningful connections with their patients while also supporting families. However, HCNs experience several challenges including inconsistent training, inadequate resources, and conflicts with families. Understanding the perspectives of HCNs is critical to improving their experience in the role, and in turn, enhancing care for their patients. These findings can inform the development and implementation of supports needed to optimize the work experience for HCNs.
17 Caregiver experiences with enteral feeding transitions
Authors: Chawla Raman , Dewan Tammie , Montgomery Lara , MacKay Lyndsay , Spicer Sharron , Turner Justine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Children with medical complexity (CMC) are an expanding group within paediatrics due to advances in medical care, often including a dependence on medical technology. Issues such as oromotor swallowing dysfunction and feeding difficulties are common in this population. As a result, many CMC require the use of enteral tubes for feeding. While evidence does support improved nutritional status with the use of enteral feeding tubes, there is limited literature discussing how these interventions impact other patient centered outcomes, such as quality of life for the child, changes in parental caregiving, and logistical implications for the family. A comprehensive understanding of the positive and negative outcomes associated with selection and transition between different feeding tube options is needed.

Objectives
To describe and explore the caregiver and patient experience with different feeding tubes, with a focus on the experience of transitioning between different enteral feeding modalities.

Design/Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 participants, including both caregivers and two patients. Reflexive thematic analysis was utilized to identify preliminary themes from interviews. Themes were further refined by the study team.

Results
The themes identified through interviews included: A) the pros and cons with each type of enteral feeding modality, B) the emotional impacts on patients and caregivers, C) logistical impacts on day-to-day life for families, and D) the experience of transitioning between feeding tubes. Globally, participants spoke positively about their transition from nasogastric feeding to either gastrostomy or gastrojejunal feeding tubes. Caregivers also felt that they were integral to the decision-making process, though some felt in hindsight the transition process was too slow.

Conclusion
This study highlights both the complexity and heterogeneity of the caregiver experience with different feeding tubes. It found that most families consistently viewed their transitions with enteral feeding tubes positively, as this was seen as a significant milestone in helping their child both nutritionally and with their quality of life. Finally, further research could be done to explore experiences with gastrojejunal and jejunal feeding, as this patient population is not well elucidated within the literature.