bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bons et mauvais prêtres au sortir de la Révolution
Authors: Petit Vincent 
Published: January 2018

En 1817 puis en 1821, les autorités épiscopales du diocèse de Besançon commanditent une enquête sur l’ensemble du clergé paroissial : âge, carrière, mœurs, capacité, opinions politiques, rapports avec les paroissiens… Le nouvel archevêque tient à tout savoir du personnel ecclésiastique. Mais l’enquête est surtout le préalable à une vaste épuration : la chasse aux « mauvais prêtres » sert de prétexte à exclure les prêtres restés fidèles à leur(s) convictions(s) révolutionnaire(s) et à promouvoir une génération sacerdotale acquise aux principes intransigeants.
L’Incarnation, les mathématiques et la philosophie
Authors: Brochier Emmanuel 
Published: January 2018

Le modèle de l’Incarnation a exercé une fonction épistémique non seulement au Moyen Âge, mais aussi au début des Temps modernes. Où donc se situe la rupture ? S’il était justifié par la valeur de cohérence chez les Latins, le modèle de l’Incarnation est à l’origine de nouvelles analogies ou métaphores chez les Modernes, qui finiront par engendrer son rejet. Ce retournement s’explique de prime abord par une rupture profonde au niveau des mathématiques, à la pratique grecque d’une mathématique de l’άλήθεια s’étant substituée une mathématique de la certitude. Il en a résulté un épuisement généralisé dont on peut dire que l’issue dépend, au moins en partie, de la philosophie de la nature.
« L’amour est l’acte suprême de l’être ». La philosophie de Hans Urs von Balthasar : réception et chantiers (I)
Authors: Ide Pascal 
Published: January 2018

Cet article en trois parties traite de la philosophie de Hans Urs von Balthasar. Une première partie propose un bref état de sa réception qui, comparativement à celle de l’œuvre théologique, est encore pauvre. Elle passe en revue les études relatives aux sources, puis celles relatives aux grands thèmes de la pensée balthasarienne ; enfin, elle considère la distribution des études selon les aires linguistiques. Une deuxième partie interroge le présupposé implicite de ce propos : que Balthasar soit un philosophe digne de ce nom. Il se pose trois questions : est-il un philosophe ? Est-il un philosophe de l’École ? Est-il le philosophe d’une école ? Une troisième partie affronte la question du cœur de la métaphysique balthasarienne : est-ce l’être ou l’amour ? Après avoir montré que l’amour n’est pas au-delà de l’être, elle montre que, pour Balthasar, l’amour et l’être sont coextensifs, tout en étant distincts quant au contenu ; elle fait alors quelques propositions de connexion, en appelant une exploration complémentaire.
The Use of Visual Examination for Determining the Presence of Gluten-Containing Grains in Gluten Free Oats and Other Grains, Seeds, Beans, Pulses, and Legumes
Authors: Allred Laura K , Kupper Cynthia , Quinn Channon 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Obtaining representative test samples for antibody-based testing is challenging when analyzing whole grains for gluten. When whole grains are ground into flour for testing, confocal microscopy studies have shown that gluten tends to exist as aggregates within the starch background, making single-sample testing inaccurate and complicating the ability to arrive at an accurate average from multiple samples. In addition, whole-grain products present a unique risk to gluten free consumers, in that any contamination is localized to specific servings rather than being distributed across the product lot. This makes parts-per-million values less relevant for whole-grain products. Intact grains, seeds, beans, pulses, and legumes offer an alternative opportunity for gluten detection, in that contaminating gluten-containing grains (GCGs) are visible and identifiable to the trained eye or properly calibrated optical sorting equipment. The purpose of the current study was to determine a Gluten Free Certification Organization threshold level for the maximum number of GCGs within a kilogram of nongluten grains sold as specially processed gluten free product and to determine the feasibility of this threshold by evaluating visual examination data from two major oat processors.
Behavior and biocompatibility of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with bacterial cellulosic membrane
Authors: Alencar Marcello Silva , Carvalho Yulla Klinger , Carvalho Camila Ernanda , Feitosa Matheus Tajra , Alves Michel Muálem , Carvalho Fernando Aécio de Amorim , Viana Bartolomeu Cruz , Miglino Maria Angélica , Jozala Ângela Faustino , Carvalho Maria Acelina 
Published: January 2018

Background. Tissue engineering has been shown to exhibit great potential for the creation of biomaterials capable of developing into functional tissues. Cellular expansion and integration depends on the quality and surface-determinant factors of the scaffold, which are required for successful biological implants. The objective of this research was to characterize and evaluate the in vitro characteristics of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) associated with a bacterial cellulose membrane (BCM). We assessed the adhesion, expansion, and integration of the biomaterial as well as its ability to induce macrophage activation. Finally, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and toxicity of the BCM.
Methods. Samples of rabbit bone marrow were collected. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from medullary aspirates to establish fibroblast colony-forming unit assays. Osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation was performed. Integration with the BCM was assessed by scanning electron microscopy at 1, 7, and 14 days. Cytotoxicity was assessed via the production of nitric oxide, and BCM toxicity was assessed with the MTT assay; phagocytic activity was also determined.
Results. The fibroblastoid colony-forming unit (CFU-F) assay showed cells with a fibroblastoid morphology organized into colonies, and distributed across the culture area surface. In the growth curve, two distinct phases, lag and log phase, were observed at 15 days. Multipotentiality of the cells was evident after induction of osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Regarding the BM-MSCs’ bioelectrical integration with the BCM, BM-MSCs were anchored in the BCM in the first 24 h. On day 7 of culture, the cytoplasm was scattered, and on day 14, the cells were fully integrated with the biomaterial. We also observed significant macrophage activation; analysis of the MTT assay and the concentration of nitric oxide revealed no cytotoxicity of the biomaterial.
Conclusion. The BCM allowed the expansion and biointegration of bone marrow progenitor cells with a stable cytotoxic profile, thus presenting itself as a biomaterial with potential for tissue engineering.
Causes of Glacier Melt Extremes in the Alps Since 1949
Authors: Thibert E. , Dkengne Sielenou P. , Vionnet V. , Eckert N. , Vincent C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecent record‐breaking glacier melt values are attributable to peculiar extreme events and long‐term warming trends that shift averages upward. Analyzing one of the world's longest mass balance series with extreme value statistics, we show that detrending melt anomalies makes it possible to disentangle these effects, leading to a fairer evaluation of the return period of melt extreme values such as 2003, and to characterize them by a more realistic bounded behavior. Using surface energy balance simulations, we show that three independent drivers control melt: global radiation, latent heat, and the amount of snow at the beginning of the melting season. Extremes are governed by large deviations in global radiation combined with sensible heat. Long‐term trends are driven by the lengthening of melt duration due to earlier and longer‐lasting melting of ice along with melt intensification caused by trends in long‐wave irradiance and latent heat due to higher air moisture.
Effects of a Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet Intervention on Serum Uric Acid in African Americans With Hypertension
Authors: Juraschek Stephen P. , White Karen , Tang Olive , Yeh Hsin‐Chieh , Cooper Lisa A. , Miller Edgar R. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo examine whether partial replacement of a diet typical of the average American diet with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)–related foods in the home environment lowers the serum uric acid (UA) level in individuals with hypertension.MethodsWe conducted an ancillary study of a randomized trial of African American adults with controlled hypertension from an urban clinic. Participants were assigned to either a control group or an intervention (DASH‐Plus) group. DASH‐Plus participants received coach‐directed dietary advice, assistance with purchasing DASH‐related foods ($30/week), and home delivery of food via a community supermarket. Participants in the control group received a DASH diet brochure and a debit card account ($30/week) to purchase foods. Serum UA levels were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.ResultsOf the original 123 randomized participants, 117 had available serum UA measurements. Seventy percent of the participants were women, the mean ± SD age was 59 ± 9.5 years, and the mean ± SD serum UA level was 6.4 ± 1.7 mg/dl. The DASH‐Plus diet did not reduce serum UA levels compared with the control diet (difference in difference –0.01 mg/dl [95% confidence interval –0.39, 0.38]). However, there was a significant trend toward a greater reduction in the serum UA level in participants with higher baseline serum UA levels (P for trend = 0.008). Baseline changes in the serum UA level were inversely associated with changes in systolic blood pressure (P = 0.002), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.001), and urinary sodium excretion (P = 0.05).ConclusionOverall, in African American individuals, partial replacement of a typical diet with DASH foods did not lower serum UA levels compared with a control diet. However, there was a significant trend toward a greater reduction in serum UA levels in subjects with higher baseline serum UA levels. Furthermore, changes in serum UA levels were associated with known correlates, suggesting heterogeneity of effects in the treatment and control arms. Future pragmatic studies of consumption of the DASH diet to lower serum UA levels should optimize replacement strategies and enroll individuals with hyperuricemia or gout.
Influence of Explanatory Images on Risk Perceptions and Treatment Preference
Authors: Cozmuta Raluca , Wilhelms Evan , Cornell Diana , Nolte Julia , Reyna Valerie , Fraenkel Liana 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine whether providing patients with a series of balance scales (BS), depicting a reciprocal relationship between achieving disease control and increasing the risk of infection, influences treatment preference.MethodsParticipants were randomized to receive a description of a medication in which risk of infection was relayed using 1 of 4 formats, including numbers only, numbers + icon array (IA), numbers + BS, or numbers + IA + BS (i.e., combination). We compared the likelihood of starting the medication across the 4 formats, and evaluated whether the influence of risk formats varied by numeracy and gist risk appraisals.ResultsThe mean ± SE likelihood of starting the medication was higher among participants randomized to the combination format (3.85 ± 0.09) compared to those who viewed the BS (3.56 ± 0.09; P = 0.0222) or numbers‐only formats (3.51 ± 0.09; P = 0.0069). Viewing an IA alone was associated with a lower likelihood of starting the medication among participants lower in numeracy and endorsing a risk‐avoidant noncompensatory gist risk appraisal. Conversely, viewing an IA (with or without the BS) was associated with a greater likelihood of starting the medication among patients with higher numeracy and compensatory risk appraisals.ConclusionAdding explanatory images to IAs increases patient likelihood to take a medication in those with low numeracy and a noncompensatory gist risk appraisal. Explanatory images may be a feasible approach to improve willingness to try medication among subjects who are especially risk averse and believe that any risk is unacceptable.
DNA Origami Scaffolds as Templates for Functional Tetrameric Kir3 K+ Channels
Authors: Kurokawa Tatsuki , Kiyonaka Shigeki , Nakata Eiji , Endo Masayuki , Koyama Shohei , Mori Emiko , Tran Nam Ha , Dinh Huyen , Suzuki Yuki , Hidaka Kumi , Kawata Masaaki , Sato Chikara , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Morii Takashi , Mori Yasuo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn native systems, scaffolding proteins play important roles in assembling proteins into complexes to transduce signals. This concept is yet to be applied to the assembly of functional transmembrane protein complexes in artificial systems. To address this issue, DNA origami has the potential to serve as scaffolds that arrange proteins at specific positions in complexes. Herein, we report that Kir3 K+ channel proteins are assembled through zinc‐finger protein (ZFP)‐adaptors at specific locations on DNA origami scaffolds. Specific binding of the ZFP‐fused Kir3 channels and ZFP‐based adaptors on DNA origami were confirmed by atomic force microscopy and gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the DNA origami with ZFP binding sites nearly tripled the K+ channel current activity elicited by heterotetrameric Kir3 channels in HEK293T cells. Thus, our method provides a useful template to control the oligomerization states of membrane protein complexes in vitro and in living cells.
Minimizing inequality in access to precision medicine in breast cancer by real-time population-based molecular analysis in the SCAN-B initiative
Authors: Rydén L , Loman N , Larsson C , Hegardt C , Vallon-Christersson J , Malmberg M , Lindman H , Ehinger A , Saal L H , Borg Å 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundSelection of systemic therapy for primary breast cancer is currently based on clinical biomarkers along with stage. Novel genomic tests are continuously being introduced as more precise tools for guidance of therapy, although they are often developed for specific patient subgroups. The Sweden Cancerome Analysis Network – Breast (SCAN-B) initiative aims to include all patients with breast cancer for tumour genomic analysis, and to deliver molecular subtype and mutational data back to the treating physician.MethodsAn infrastructure for collection of blood and fresh tumour tissue from all patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer was set up in 2010, initially including seven hospitals within the southern Sweden regional catchment area, which has 1.8 million inhabitants. Inclusion of patients was implemented into routine clinical care, with collection of tumour tissue at local pathology departments for transport to the central laboratory, where routines for rapid sample processing, RNA sequencing and biomarker reporting were developed.ResultsMore than 10 000 patients from nine hospitals have currently consented to inclusion in SCAN-B with high (90 per cent) inclusion rates from both university and secondary hospitals. Tumour samples and successful RNA sequencing are being obtained from more than 70 per cent of patients, showing excellent representation compared with the national quality registry as a truly population-based cohort. Molecular biomarker reports can be delivered to multidisciplinary conferences within 1 week.ConclusionPopulation-based collection of fresh tumour tissue is feasible given a decisive joint effort between academia and collaborative healthcare groups, and with governmental support. An infrastructure for genomic analysis and prompt data output paves the way for novel systemic therapy for patients from all hospitals, irrespective of size and location.
Extent of surgery for phaeochromocytomas in the genomic era
Authors: Rossitti H M , Söderkvist P , Gimm O 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Germline mutations are present in 20–30 per cent of patients with phaeochromocytoma. For patients who develop bilateral disease, complete removal of both adrenal glands (total adrenalectomy) will result in lifelong adrenal insufficiency with an increased risk of death from adrenal crisis. Unilateral/bilateral adrenal-sparing surgery (subtotal adrenalectomy) offers preservation of cortical function and independence from steroids, but leaves the adrenal medulla in situ and thus at risk of developing new and possibly malignant disease. Here, present knowledge about how tumour genotype relates to clinical behaviour is reviewed, and application of this knowledge when choosing the extent of adrenalectomy is discussed.

Methods
A literature review was undertaken of the penetrance of the different genotypes in phaeochromocytomas, the frequency of bilateral disease and malignancy, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, with emphasis on explaining the clinical phenotypes of phaeochromocytomas and their associated syndromes.

Results
Patients with bilateral phaeochromocytomas most often have multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) or von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL) with high-penetrance mutations for benign disease, whereas patients with mutations in the genes encoding SDHB (succinate dehydrogenase subunit B) or MAX (myelocytomatosis viral proto-oncogene homologue-associated factor X) are at increased risk of malignancy.

Conclusion
Adrenal-sparing surgery should be the standard approach for patients who have already been diagnosed with MEN2 or VHL when operating on the first side, whereas complete removal of the affected adrenal gland(s) is generally recommended for patients with SDHB or MAX germline mutations. Routine assessment of a patient's genotype, even after the first operation, can be crucial for adopting an appropriate strategy for follow-up and future surgery.
Long-term outcome of prophylactic thyroidectomy in children carrying RET germline mutations
Authors: Machens A , Elwerr M , Lorenz K , Weber F , Dralle H 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
A comprehensive assessment has not been undertaken of long-term outcomes in children carrying germline RET mutations and undergoing prophylactic thyroidectomy with the aim of preventing medullary thyroid cancer (MTC).

Methods
A retrospective outcome study (1994–2017) of prophylactic thyroidectomy in children, with and without central node dissection, was performed at a tertiary surgical centre.

Results
Some 167 children underwent prophylactic thyroidectomy, 109 without and 58 with concomitant central node dissection. In the highest-risk mutational category, MTC was found in five of six children (83 per cent) aged 3 years or less. In the high-risk category, MTC was present in six of 20 children (30 per cent) aged 3 years or less, 16 of 36 (44 per cent) aged 4–6 years, and 11 of 16 (69 per cent) aged 7–12 years (P = 0·081). In the moderate-risk category, MTC was seen in one of nine children (11 per cent) aged 3 years or less, one of 26 (4 per cent) aged 4–6 years, three of 26 (12 per cent) aged 7–12 years, and seven of 16 (44 per cent) aged 13–18 years (P = 0·006). Postoperative hypoparathyroidism was more frequent in older children (32 per cent in the oldest age group versus 3 per cent in the youngest; P = 0·002), whether or not central node dissection was carried out. Three children developed recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy; all had undergone central node dissection (P = 0·040). All complications resolved within 6 months. Postoperative normalization of calcitonin serum levels was achieved in 114 (99·1 per cent) of 115 children with raised preoperative values. No residual structural disease or recurrence was observed.

Conclusion
Early prophylactic thyroidectomy is a viable surgical concept in experienced hands, sparing older children the postoperative morbidity associated with delayed neck surgery.
Defining the molecular pathology of pancreatic body and tail adenocarcinoma
Authors:   Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative, Dreyer S B , Jamieson N B , Upstill-Goddard R , Bailey P J , McKay C J , Biankin A V , Chang D K 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a dismal disease, with very little improvement in survival over the past 50 years. Recent large-scale genomic studies have improved understanding of the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of the disease, yet very little is known about molecular heterogeneity according to tumour location in the pancreas; body and tail PDACs especially tend to have a significantly worse prognosis. The aim was to investigate the molecular differences between PDAC of the head and those of the body and tail of the pancreas.MethodsDetailed correlative analysis of clinicopathological variables, including tumour location, genomic and transcriptomic data, was performed using the Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative (APGI) cohort, part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium study.ResultsClinicopathological data were available for 518 patients recruited to the APGI, of whom 421 underwent genomic analyses; 179 of these patients underwent whole-genome and 96 RNA sequencing. Patients with tumours of the body and tail had significantly worse survival than those with pancreatic head tumours (12·1 versus 22·0 months; P = 0·001). Location in the body and tail was associated with the squamous subtype of PDAC. Body and tail PDACs enriched for gene programmes involved in tumour invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, as well as features of poor antitumour immune response. Whether this is due to a molecular predisposition from the outset, or reflects a later time point on the tumour molecular clock, requires further investigation using well designed prospective studies in pancreatic cancer.ConclusionPDACs of the body and tail demonstrate aggressive tumour biology that may explain worse clinical outcomes.
Circulating tumour cells and DNA as liquid biopsies in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Nordgård O , Tjensvoll K , Gilje B , Søreide K 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Blood is the most extensively studied body fluid and, because it contains circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour-derived cell-free DNA (ctDNA), it may represent a liquid biopsy for cancer. Methods for enrichment and detection of CTCs and ctDNA, their clinical applications and future opportunities in gastrointestinal cancers were the focus of this review.

Methods
The PubMed database was searched for literature up to 24 June 2017, with a focus on the past 10 years. Identified articles were further scrutinized for relevant references. Articles were those in English relating to colorectal, gastric and pancreatic cancer.

Results
Both CTCs and ctDNA are in low abundance compared with other cellular components of blood, but effective enrichment and highly sensitive techniques are available for their detection. Potential clinical applications of these liquid biopsies include screening, prognostic stratification, therapy administration, monitoring of treatment effect or resistance, and surveillance. Liquid biopsies provide opportunities to reduce the need for invasive tissue sampling, especially in the context of intratumoral heterogeneity and the need for tumour genotyping.

Conclusion
Liquid biopsies have applications in gastrointestinal cancers to improve clinical decision-making.