bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zijn gevoelens van discriminatie mede oorzaak van rellen in Brussel?
Authors: Vandezande Véronique , Phalet Karen , Swyngedouw Marc 
Published: January 2017

In september 2009 en begin 2010 escaleerden samenlevingsproblemen in bepaalde wijken van het Brusselse. Vormen subjectieve gevoelens van discriminatie hiertoe een voedingsbodem? We bestuderen hoe wijd verspreid de percepties van discriminatie zijn bij de Belgische jongeren van Turkse en Marokkaanse origine van de 2e generatie, welke contexten van discriminatie men onderscheidt en wie van hen het meest discriminatie percipieert. Blijft deze perceptie bijvoorbeeld inderdaad beperkt tot de zogenaamde “probleemjongeren”, of worden dergelijke ervaringen ruimer gedeeld binnen de groepen? Om de situatie in het BHG te kunnen contextualiseren, vergelijken we met dezelfde gevoelens in dezelfde groepen in de stad Antwerpen. We concluderen dat de structuur van de gepercipieerde groepsdiscriminatie gelijkaardig in Brussel en Antwerpen en dit zowel voor de 2e generatie Belgen van Marokkaanse als Turkse origine. Er is geen verschil in niveau van ervaren groepdiscriminatie. Alleen de gepercipieerde groepsdiscriminatie in de publieke ruimte is hoger in Antwerpen. Het niveau van de gepercipieerde groepsdiscriminatie in de contacten met de politie verschilt dus niet significant in beide onderzochte steden. De confrontaties met de politie nemen in Brussel wel een sterkere plaats in het latente concept dan in Antwerpen.
Economische groei zonder sociale vooruitgang: stand van zaken in Brussel
Authors: Van Hamme Gilles , Wertz Isaline , Biot Valérie 
Published: January 2017

Dit artikel bestudeert de economische en sociale evoluties van Brussel in de laatste twee decennia. Ondanks een gunstige economische conjunctuur in die periode, blijft de sociale situatie verslechteren met werkloosheidscijfers die steeds hoger liggen en met sociale ongelijkheden die almaar toenemen. Hoewel zulks ook het geval is in de andere Belgische grote steden, is die situatie meer uitgesproken in Brussel. Dat wordt verklaard door een veelvoud van dynamische factoren, waaronder de almaar hogere opleidingseisen die aan de arbeidskrachten worden gesteld en die laagopgeleiden uitsluiten van de arbeidsmarkt. Die evolutie wordt nog versterkt door de ruimtelijke concentratie van kansarme bevolkingsgroepen, die zeer groot is in Brussel. Het artikel sluit af met de vraag of het Gewest wel een pertinent beleid voert, daar het de nadruk legt op de internationale positionering van Brussel.
De Brusselse bevolking: een demografische doorlichting
Authors: Deboosere Patrick , Eggerickx Thierry , Van Hecke Etienne , Wayens Benjamin 
Published: January 2017

Het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest omvat 19 gemeenten op een oppervlakte van 161,4 km2. Het gewest vormt de kern van een veel bredere morfologische agglomeratie die in het totaal 36 gemeenten telt en een totale bevolking van meer dan anderhalf miljoen inwoners. Het officieel bevolkingsaantal van het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest bedroeg op 1 januari 2008 1 048 491 inwoners. De Brusselse bevolking is de jongste van het land met een gemiddelde leeftijd van 37,8 jaar in 2006. De demografische ontwikkeling van Brussel is in de afgelopen anderhalve eeuw altijd sterk gedomineerd geweest door migratie. Dit is vandaag niet anders. De laatste jaren heeft de hoofdstad een bevolkingsgroei gekend en zoals alle grote Europese steden is de samenstelling van de bevolking sterk beïnvloed door internationalisering. De laatste volkstelling (socio-economische enquête van 2001) laat toe om rekening te houden met de nationaliteit van oorsprong. Volgens dit criterium telde Brussel 45 verschillende nationaliteitsgroepen met minstens 1 000 bewoners. Sindsdien is de samenstelling verder gediversifieerd en is er een toename van de bevolking afkomstig uit landen van de Europese Unie. Het Gewest is gekenmerkt door een duidelijke ruimtelijke differentiatie tussen de armere wijken, gemengde buurten en de welvarende stadsdelen. De basisstructuur van die ruimtelijke segregatie naar sociaal-economische status heeft diepe historische wortels en kent een vrij grote inertie. Maar de komst van nieuwe bewoners, grote bouwwerven in een aantal wijken, speculatie en stijgende woonprijzen veranderen stilaan de bevolkingssamenstelling in sommige wijken. We overlopen hieronder kort de belangrijkste demografische tendensen die de samenstelling van de stad in de nabije decennia mee zullen bepalen.
L’enseignement à Bruxelles
Authors: Janssens Rudi , Carlier Donat , Van de Craen Piet 
Published: January 2017

C’est la situation de l’enseignement obligatoire en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale qui gît au cœur de cette contribution. Les écoles ne sont pas des entités isolées au sein desquelles se déroulerait l’apprentissage : elles ne peuvent être détachées de l’environnement de la grande agglomération urbaine au sein de laquelle elles fonctionnent. Pour y voir clair dans cet ensemble complexe de facteurs d’influence, nous résumons la relation existant entre l’école et la ville en quatre aspects : (i) le contexte politico-institutionnel (l’organisation de l’enseignement), (ii) le processus pédagogique et d’enseignement (qu’enseigner et comment le faire, dans quelles circonstances et avec quels résultats), (iii) les données démographiques et géographiques (population à laquelle l’enseignement est destiné), et (iv) le contexte socio-culturel (développement urbain) (Verlot, 2002). Bien que ces différents aspects soient fortement entremêlés l’un avec l’autre, leur division offre un angle d’approche intéressant pour une meilleure observation de la situation concrète à Bruxelles et une plus grande précision des constats à établir et des problèmes à formuler. Suivent un certain nombre de choix politiques envisageables.Étant donné l’ampleur de la problématique, nous avons choisi de ne pas approfondir ici les questions liées à l’enseignement supérieur ou à la formation professionnelle. Ces aspects sont abordés dans les publications ayant pour sujet « Bruxelles, ville de connaissance » et « le marché de l’emploi à Bruxelles ».
Young people in Brussels: social inequality and cultural diversity
Authors: Rea Andrea , Nagels Carla , Christiaens Jenneke 
Published: January 2017

The murder of Joe Van Holsbeeck prompted many categories of young people to be defined: those who do well at school and who militate in favour of good causes; the eternal suspects whom we heap opprobrium on without warning; and the invisible youth revealed by surveillance cameras. Generosity and threat are two characteristics ascribed to young people. This dramatic news item cannot be reduced to the violence of youth. One must question the persistent tendency to bring discredit on certain young people in Brussels, their increasingly precarious existence, and the growing adversity between young people of various social and ethnic origins. In the 1989 work Réussir Bruxelles edited by Charles Picqué, the chapter on youth mentioned the lack of importance attached to the young population. Twenty years later, this observation has not changed. Certain aspects of the situation have, in contrast, worsened. However, the Brussels-Capital Region has a large youth population which constitutes a source of opportunities rather than a handicap, although this viewpoint does not prevail. Young people are too often dealt with in the prism of social problems. Unfortunately, this contribution will not entirely escape this tendency.
Coastal ocean forecasting with an unstructured grid model in the southern Adriatic and northern Ionian seas
Authors: Federico Ivan , Pinardi Nadia , Coppini Giovanni , Oddo Paolo , Lecci Rita , Mossa Michele 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. SANIFS (Southern Adriatic Northern Ionian coastal Forecasting System) is a coastal-ocean operational system based on the unstructured grid finite-element three-dimensional hydrodynamic SHYFEM model, providing short-term forecasts. The operational chain is based on a downscaling approach starting from the large-scale system for the entire Mediterranean Basin (MFS, Mediterranean Forecasting System), which provides initial and boundary condition fields to the nested system. The model is configured to provide hydrodynamics and active tracer forecasts both in open ocean and coastal waters of southeastern Italy using a variable horizontal resolution from the open sea (3–4 km) to coastal areas (50–500 m). Given that the coastal fields are driven by a combination of both local (also known as coastal) and deep-ocean forcings propagating along the shelf, the performance of SANIFS was verified both in forecast and simulation mode, first (i) on the large and shelf-coastal scales by comparing with a large-scale survey CTD (conductivity–temperature–depth) in the Gulf of Taranto and then (ii) on the coastal-harbour scale (Mar Grande of Taranto) by comparison with CTD, ADCP (acoustic doppler current profiler) and tide gauge data. Sensitivity tests were performed on initialization conditions (mainly focused on spin-up procedures) and on surface boundary conditions by assessing the reliability of two alternative datasets at different horizontal resolution (12.5 and 6.5 km). The SANIFS forecasts at a lead time of 1 day were compared with the MFS forecasts, highlighting that SANIFS is able to retain the large-scale dynamics of MFS. The large-scale dynamics of MFS are correctly propagated to the shelf-coastal scale, improving the forecast accuracy (+17 % for temperature and +6 % for salinity compared to MFS). Moreover, the added value of SANIFS was assessed on the coastal-harbour scale, which is not covered by the coarse resolution of MFS, where the fields forecasted by SANIFS reproduced the observations well (temperature RMSE equal to 0.11 °C). Furthermore, SANIFS simulations were compared with hourly time series of temperature, sea level and velocity measured on the coastal-harbour scale, showing a good agreement. Simulations in the Gulf of Taranto described a circulation mainly characterized by an anticyclonic gyre with the presence of cyclonic vortexes in shelf-coastal areas. A surface water inflow from the open sea to Mar Grande characterizes the coastal-harbour scale.
Reseña de libros
Authors: De Arquitectura Revista 
Published: January 2017

El patrimonio arquitectónico industrial en torno al ex ferrocarril de circunvalación de Santiago: testimonio del desarrollo industrial manufacturero en el siglo XX. Marcela Pizzi K. + María Paz Valenzuela B. + Juan Benavides C.El Espacio Religioso Chilote en Tiempos de Fiesta. Antonio Sahady V. + Felipe Gallardo G. + Marcelo Bravo S.
Diseño y manufactura para el 2030 : compitiendo en la globalización 3.0
Authors: Valdés Francisco 
Published: January 2017

El dinámico escenario en el campo de la manufactura está siendo inducido no solo por directos avances en tecnología de fabricación, sino que también por el desarrollo y maduración de plataformas colaborativas globales como
las redes sociales y el e-business. El presente artículo indaga en esas plataformas con el objetivo de aventurar un set de competencias básicas para enfrentar los posibles desafíos de diseño y fabricación para el año 2030. El
estudio ha sido enfocado en tres factores de desarrollo: tecnologías de la información, políticas públicas que favorecen el mundo productivo y las comunidades productivas o «makers». Posteriormente, los factores estudiados son
racionalizados en una lista de competencias, las cuales son elucidadas y orientadas hacia nuevos desafíos en la sección final de este escrito.
Los Centros de Educación Ambiental en Europa : Nuevos reactivadores y atractores urbanos
Authors: Fonseca Gallego Manuel 
Published: January 2017

Los centros de educación ambiental, como figuras de nuevos reactivadores y atractores urbanos, podrían concretar sus funciones en las siguientes conclusiones: sirven de puente en el límite entre entorno urbano y entorno natural; son activadores de la conciencia social medioambiental; forman
a futuras generaciones en el uso respetuoso del medio ambiente; incorporan estrategias bioclimáticas pasivas y/o activas; trabajan con técnicas constructivas, materiales y mano de obra locales; se convierten en laboratorios para
el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas bioclimáticas; utilizan materiales naturales y reciclables; promueven la sostenibilidad en la arquitectura; cuentan con un programa específico destinado a la educación ambiental; complementan los programas escolares de educación ambiental; refuerzan la protección controlada del entorno
natural.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 6, No. 4
Authors: John Albert 
Published: January 2017

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 4 Adel F. Shoukry Ahmad Galadima Ahmad Sazali Hamzah Ahmet Ozan Gezerman Greg Peters Haidong Huang Hiren Chandrakant Mandalia Jalal Isaad Liang Yang Maria Rambla-Alegre Patricia Costa R. K. Dey Rabia Rehman Rizvi Syed Saroj Kumar Panda Sudheer Chava Valter Aragao do Nascimento Weimin Chen Albert John On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Chemistry Canadian Center of Science and Education
Antenatal diagnostic aspects of placenta percreta and its influence on the perinatal outcome: a clinical case and literature review
Authors: Volochovič Jelena , Ramašauskaitė Diana , Šimkevičiūtė Ramunė 
Published: January 2017

Background. Placenta percreta is a very rare, but extremely life-threatening obstetrical pathology for the mother and the child, especially in the cases when it is not diagnosed before the birth and when it results in massive bleeding and a dramatic deterioration of condition. It is extremely important to diagnose this pathology as early as possible and plan further optimal care of patients in order to minimize life-threatening complications.
Case report. The paper presents an illustrated clinical case of placenta percreta determined before the birth. Features of visual diagnostics are discussed.
A 32-year-old pregnant woman with a history of two caesarean deliveries arrived at the tertiary level hospital at 22 weeks of gestation due to abdomen pain. Placenta previa was diagnosed and ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging suggesting placenta percreta were seen. On the 32nd week, the planned caesarean hysterectomy was performed. The balloon catheters to occlude the internal iliac arteries and minimize bleeding during the surgery were used.
Conclusions. Antenatal diagnosis of placenta percreta is especially important. Methods of visual diagnostics are complementary. The optimal surgical approach during caesarean hysterectomy remains controversial. In the case of the slow oozing without a clearly identified source of bleeding after hysterectomy and internal iliac arteries balloons deflation, ligation of one of the internal iliac arteriescan be reasonable to avoid residual haemorrhage and relaparotomy.
Impacts of plasma-induced damage due to UV light irradiation during etching on Ge fin fabrication and device performance of Ge fin field-effect transistors
Authors: Mizubayashi Wataru , Noda Shuichi , Ishikawa Yuki , Nishi Takashi , Kikuchi Akio , Ota Hiroyuki , Su Ping-Hsun , Li Yiming , Samukawa Seiji , Endo Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We investigated the impacts of plasma-induced damage due to UV light irradiation during etching on Ge fin fabrication and the device performance of Ge fin field-effect transistors (Ge FinFETs). UV light irradiation during etching affected the shape of the Ge fin and the surface roughness of the Ge fin sidewall. A vertical and smooth Ge fin could be fabricated by neutral beam etching without UV light irradiation. The performances of Ge FinFETs fabricated by neutral beam etching were markedly improved as compared to those of Ge FinFETs fabricated by inductively coupled plasma etching, in which the UV light has an impact.
Theoretical study of multiatomic vacancies in single-layer hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Urasaki Syu , Kageshima Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The physical properties of multiatomic vacancies are investigated by first-principles total-energy calculations. The formation energies of various vacancies as functions of chemical potential and charge states are calculated. The relationship between optimized atomic structures and charge states is analyzed. On the basis of the results, it is confirmed that the variations of formation energies and atomic structures are closely related to the changes in electronic states. In addition, the stabilities of generally large multiatomic vacancies are estimated on the basis of edges and corner energies. It is found that larger vacancies are not stable and have lower densities than smaller ones. The results are also compared with previous theoretical and experimental results.
Effects of working pressure and annealing on bulk density and nanopore structures in amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O thin-film transistors
Authors: Ide Keisuke , Kikuchi Mitsuho , Ota Masato , Sasase Masato , Hiramatsu Hidenori , Kumomi Hideya , Hosono Hideo , Kamiya Toshio 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Microstructures of amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) thin films of different densities were analyzed. Device-quality a-IGZO films were deposited under optimum conditions, e.g., the total pressure P
tot = 0.55 Pa produced high film densities of ∼6.1 g/cm3, while a very high P
tot = 5.0 Pa produced low film densities of 5.5 g/cm3. Both films formed uniform high-density layers in the vicinity of the glass substrate, 10–20 nm in thickness depending on P
tot, while their growth mode changed to a sparse columnar structure in thicker regions. X-ray reflectivity and in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry provided different results on densification by post deposition thermal annealing; i.e., the latter has a higher sensitivity. High-Z-contrast images obtained by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy were also useful for detecting nanometer-size non uniformity even in device-quality a-IGZO films.
Sea Turtle Bycatch in the Large-Mesh Gillnet Flounder Fishery in Carteret County, North Carolina, USA, June-November 2009
Authors: Byrd Barbie L. , Goshe Lisa R. , Kolkmeyer Trip , Hohn Aleta A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Sea turtle bycatch has been documented in the large-mesh gillnet fishery that targets flounder in estuarine waters of North Carolina (NC). However, only portions of the fishery operated under Endangered Species Act Incidental Take Permits and had regular observer coverage to determine the occurrence and extent of sea turtle bycatch. From June through November 2009, an Alternative Platform Observer Program (APOP) was initiated in southeastern Carteret County, NC, to document turtle entanglements. Observers covered 1.6% of the total number of large-mesh gillnet trips reported (1.1% of landings) and documented turtle bycatch (n = 22) on 36% of the observed trips (12 of 33). Most turtles were recovered alive (n = 15), and all interactions occurred in June, July, and August. Bycaught sea turtle species included 12 greens (Chelonia mydas), 5 Kemp’s ridleys (Lepidochelys kempii), and 5 loggerheads (Caretta caretta). Hauls with bycaught turtles in June had a significantly greater mean string length than those without bycatch (P = 0.02), but despite the institution of regulations limiting string length, no difference was found in mean string length overall before (June) and after (July-November) regulations went into effect. Documented turtle bycatch in this area supports the need for observer coverage across the entire spatio-temporal scope of the fishery at levels necessary for robust bycatch estimates. Representative observer data across longer time series can inform managers where and when bycatch risks are greatest and help in developing mitigation measures that decrease bycatch risk while reducing negative economic impacts on the fishers.
Accumulation of Non-Target Arthropods on Sticky Tree Bands
Authors: Paradise Christopher J. , Penev Yordan , Yu Philip , Grant David , Stanback Mark 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We monitored the accumulation of non-target arthropods and leaf litter on tree bands used for cankerworm control during a 4-week period in the autumn of 2013 prior to the beginning of cankerworm emergence. Accumulation of non-target arthropods and leaf debris may reduce the efficacy of tree bands in controlling cankerworms and harm non-target tree-dwelling arthropods. Ten oak trees were randomly selected from a set of 17 banded trees along one walkway on Davidson College in the Town of Davidson, NC, where cankerworms have recently become more abundant. Banding is known to capture high numbers of certain forest pests such as fall cankerworms (Alsophila pometaria (Harris)), although conclusive evidence that banding reduces defoliation is lacking. We found that non-target arthropods and leaves accumulated at a steady rate prior to emergence of cankerworm adults. Many predatory arthropods, including spiders, assassin bugs, praying mantids, lacewing larvae, and ladybird beetles were observed entangled and walking free on bands outside the Tanglefoot-covered area. We found indirect evidence for predation or consumption of trapped arthropods off of bands by birds and predatory insects. Early installation of tree bands prior to cankerworm adult emergence potentially damages the rest of the arthropod community.
Absence of remote earthquake triggering within the Coso and Salton Sea geothermal production fields
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Lin Guoqing , Zhan Zhongwen , Chen Xiaowei , Qin Yan , Wdowinski Shimon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGeothermal areas are long recognized to be susceptible to remote earthquake triggering, probably due to the high seismicity rates and presence of geothermal fluids. However, anthropogenic injection and extraction activity may alter the stress state and fluid flow within the geothermal fields. Here we examine the remote triggering phenomena in the Coso geothermal field and its surrounding areas to assess possible anthropogenic effects. We find that triggered earthquakes are absent within the geothermal field but occur in the surrounding areas. Similar observation is also found in the Salton Sea geothermal field. We hypothesize that continuous geothermal operation has eliminated any significant differential pore pressure between fractures inside the geothermal field through flushing geothermal precipitations and sediments out of clogged fractures. To test this hypothesis, we analyze the pore‐pressure‐driven earthquake swarms, and they are found to occur outside or on the periphery of the geothermal production field. Therefore, our results suggest that the geothermal operation has changed the subsurface fracture network, and differential pore pressure is the primary controlling factor of remote triggering in geothermal fields.