bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On parallel pre‐conditioners for pressure Poisson equation in LES of complex geometry flows
Authors: Singh K. M. , Avital E. J. , Williams J. J. R. , Ji C. , Bai X. , Munjiza A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis paper presents an assessment of fast parallel pre‐conditioners for numerical solution of the pressure Poisson equation arising in large eddy simulation of turbulent incompressible flows. Focus is primarily on the pre‐conditioners suitable for domain decomposition based parallel implementation of finite volume solver on non‐uniform structured Cartesian grids. Bi‐conjugate gradient stabilized method has been adopted as the Krylov solver for the linear algebraic system resulting from the discretization of the pressure Poisson equation. We explore the performance of multigrid pre‐conditioner for the non‐uniform grid and compare its performance with additive Schwarz pre‐conditioner, Jacobi and SOR(k) pre‐conditioners. Numerical experiments have been performed to assess the suitability of these pre‐conditioners for a wide range of non‐uniformity (stretching) of the grid in the context of large eddy simulation of a typical flow problem. It is seen that the multigrid preconditioner shows the best performance. Further, the SOR(k) preconditioner emerges as the next best alternative. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A late Quaternary vertebrate deposit in Kudjal Yolgah Cave, south‐western Australia: refining regional late Pleistocene extinctions
Authors: Jankowski Nathan R. , Gully Grant A. , Jacobs Zenobia , Roberts Richard G. , Prideaux Gavin J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTWe describe the stratigraphy and chronology of Kudjal Yolgah Cave in south‐western Australia, a late Quaternary deposit pre‐ and post‐dating regional human arrival and preserving fossils of extinct and extant fauna. Single‐grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating shows that seven superposed units were deposited over the past 80 ka. Remains of 16 mammal species have been found at the site, all of them represented in Unit 7, for which seven OSL ages indicate accumulation between 80 and 41 ka. Single‐grain OSL equivalent dose distribution patterns show no evidence of reworking of older or younger sediments into Unit 7, but late Holocene charcoal has been washed into the top of it from adjacent Unit 2, deposited 1.2 ka ago. Six species that failed to survive the Pleistocene are recorded in Unit 7, but only the south‐western wombatVombatus hackettiis recorded in younger units. Two species, the large extinct kangaroosProtemnodonsp.cf.P. roechusandProcoptodon browneorum, are represented by articulated specimens near the top of Unit 7, immediately adjacent to an OSL sediment sample dated to 41 ± 2 ka. These are the youngest reliably dated records of these genera from mainland Australia, and among the youngest megafaunal remains from the continent. All species currently known from the middle Pleistocene of the south‐west persisted into the late Pleistocene, which removes a key pillar supporting the argument against a driving role for human impacts in the extinctions.
Observation of optomechanical coupling in a microbottle resonator
Authors: Asano Motoki , Takeuchi Yuki , Chen Weijian , Özdemir Şahin Kaya , Ikuta Rikizo , Imoto Nobuyuki , Yang Lan , Yamamoto Takashi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this work, we report optomechanical coupling, resolved sidebands and phonon lasing in a solid‐core microbottle resonator fabricated on a single mode optical fiber. Mechanical modes with quality factors (Qm) as high as 1.57 × 104 and 1.45 × 104 were observed, respectively, at the mechanical frequencies and . The maximum Hz is close to the theoretical lower bound of 6 × 1012 Hz needed to overcome thermal decoherence for resolved‐sideband cooling of mechanical motion at room temperature, suggesting microbottle resonators as a possible platform for this endeavor. In addition to optomechanical effects, scatter‐induced mode splitting and ringing phenomena, which are typical for high‐quality optical resonances, were also observed in a microbottle resonator.
image
Physico‐Chemical Strategies to Enhance Stability and Drug Retention of Polymeric Micelles for Tumor‐Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Shi Yang , Lammers Twan , Storm Gert , Hennink Wim E. 
Published: July 2016

Polymeric micelles (PM) have been extensively used for tumor‐targeted delivery of hydrophobic anti‐cancer drugs. The lipophilic core of PM is naturally suitable for loading hydrophobic drugs and the hydrophilic shell endows them with colloidal stability and stealth properties. Decades of research on PM have resulted in tremendous numbers of PM‐forming amphiphilic polymers, and approximately a dozen micellar nanomedicines have entered the clinic. The first generation of PM can be considered solubilizers of hydrophobic drugs, with short circulation times resulting from poor micelle stability and unstable drug entrapment. To more optimally exploit the potential of PM for targeted drug delivery, several physical (e.g., π–π stacking, stereocomplexation, hydrogen bonding, host–guest complexation, and coordination interaction) and chemical (e.g., free radical polymerization, click chemistry, disulfide and hydrazone bonding) strategies have been developed to improve micelle stability and drug retention. In this review, the most promising physico‐chemical approaches to enhance micelle stability and drug retention are described, and how these strategies have resulted in systems with promising therapeutic efficacy in animal models, paving the way for clinical translation, is summarized.image
Long‐term double‐blinded unilateral pedunculopontine area stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mestre Tiago A. , Sidiropoulos Christos , Hamani Clement , Poon Yu‐Yan , Lozano Andres M. , Lang Anthony E. , Moro Elena 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundGait‐related symptoms are often refractory to current available treatment options with a significant reduction in quality of life in Parkinson's disease.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the long‐term efficacy and safety of unilateral pedunculopontine area stimulation for refractory gait and balance impairment in Parkinson's disease.MethodsThis study used periodic randomized double‐blinded assessments until 4 years postoperatively. The primary outcomes were gait‐related items of the UPDRS part II and the MDS‐UPDRS part III.ResultsAt baseline, the median age and disease duration was 63 years (interquartile range: 62, 65) and 15 years (interquartile range: 11, 20). At 2 years, patient‐reported freezing (UPDRS part II, off‐time) was significantly better when compared with baseline (P =.028), with 62.5% of responders. At 4 years, there was no significant change in the used outcomes, but 66.7 % (n = 4 of 6) were responders for off‐time patient‐reported freezing and falling.ConclusionsPedunculopontine area stimulation has an initial but not sustained benefit for gait‐related symptoms. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Onionin A, a sulfur‐containing compound isolated from onions, impairs tumor development and lung metastasis by inhibiting the protumoral and immunosuppressive functions of myeloid cells
Authors: Fujiwara Yukio , Horlad Hasita , Shiraishi Daisuke , Tsuboki Junko , Kudo Rino , Ikeda Tsuyoshi , Nohara Toshihiro , Takeya Motohiro , Komohara Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2016

ScopeRecent studies have demonstrated that myeloid lineage cells, such as macrophages and myeloid suppressor cells (MDSCs), are major components exhibiting protumoral functions in the setting of tumor progression. Tumor‐associated macrophages polarized to the protumoral M2 phenotype promote tumor proliferation and are considered to be a therapeutic target in patients with malignant tumors.Methods and resultsWe identified a new candidate compound, called onionin A (ONA) isolated from onions, that inhibits macrophage polarization into the M2 phenotype, as well as the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs and tumor proliferation, by suppressing signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (Stat3) activation. Furthermore, ONA administration was found to significantly suppress subcutaneous tumor development and lung metastasis in tumor‐bearing mice. ONA administration also inhibited Stat3 activation and increased the number of infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor tissues, and an ex vivo analysis showed that the immunosuppressive effect of MDSCs in tumor‐bearing mice is impaired by ONA. Moreover, ONA regulated tumor proliferation by inhibiting cell–cell interactions between macrophages and tumor cells, and ONA administration enhanced the antitumor effects of cisplatin in the tumor‐bearing mice.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that ONA may be a potential new tool for antitumor therapy and also for tumor prevention.
Gray level Co‐occurrence Matrices (GLCM) to assess microstructural and textural changes in pre‐implantation embryos
Authors: Tan Tiffany C.Y. , Ritter Lesley J. , Whitty Annie , Fernandez Renae C. , Moran Lisa J. , Robertson Sarah A. , Thompson Jeremy G. , Brown Hannah M. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe preimplantation embryo is extraordinarily sensitive to environmental signals and events such that perturbations can alter embryo metabolism and program an altered developmental trajectory, ultimately affecting the phenotype of the adult individual; indeed, the physical environment associated with in vitro embryo culture can attenuate development. Defining the underlying metabolic changes and mechanisms, however, has been limited by the imaging technology used to evaluate metabolites and structural features in the embryo. Here, we assessed the impact of in vitro fertilization and culture on mouse embryos using three metabolic markers: peroxyfluor 1 (a reporter of hydrogen peroxide), monochlorobimane (a reporter of glutathione), and Mitotracker Deep Red (a marker of mitochondria). We also evaluated the distribution pattern of histone 2AX gamma (γH2AX) in the nuclei of 2‐ and 8‐cell embryos and blastocysts to investigate the degree of DNA damage caused by in vitro embryo culture. In vitro‐fertilized embryos, in vivo‐developed embryos, and in vivo‐fertilized embryos recovered and cultured in vitro were compared at the 2‐, 8‐cell, and blastocyst stages. In addition to assessments based on fluorescence intensity, textural analysis using Gray Level Co‐occurrence Matrix (GLCM), a statistical approach that assesses texture within an image, was used to evaluate peroxyfluor 1, monochlorobimane, and Mitotracker Deep Red staining in an effort to develop a robust metric of embryo quality. Our data provide strong evidence of modified metabolic parameters identifiable as altered fluorescence texture in embryos developed in vitro. Thus, texture‐analysis approach may provide a means of gaining additional insight into embryo programming beyond conventional measurements of staining intensity for metabolic markers. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 701–713, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accurate molecular structures of small‐ and medium‐sized molecules
Authors: Puzzarini Cristina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMolecular structure is one of the most relevant concepts in chemistry. It plays a central role in determining molecular and spectroscopic properties: a mandatory prerequisite for a thorough understanding of the chemical and physical properties of molecules is in fact represented by the knowledge of their geometrical structures. While in some fields a qualitative description of the molecular structure might be sufficient, in many others, like for example spectroscopy, a quantitative, and accurate determination is mandatory. Nowadays, the most advanced computational methodologies allow reliable structural predictions able to fulfil the proper accuracy requirements. This contribution provides an overview on this topic, focusing on the computational strategies that permit accurate equilibrium structure determinations for systems ranging from small molecules to medium‐sized building‐blocks of biomolecules.
Genetic‐based framework for prevention of masquerade and DDoS attacks in vehicular ad‐hocnetworks
Authors: Malhi Avleen Kaur , Batra Shalini 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInter‐vehicular communication needs to be secure and anonymous as the effective and robust operations including security and privacy are critical for the deployment of vehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs). The security of VANETs has become an imperative matter of consideration, which is prone to disparate security threats. The masquerade attacks and distributed denial of service attacks are among them that hinders the availability of the network. In this paper, a secure genetic‐based framework is proposed for the detection and prevention of masquerade and distributed denial of service attacks in VANETs. The proposed framework is very efficient in the detection and prevention of network anomalies that can affect the network performance. The proposed scheme is evaluated over genetic model defined using Gaussian modelling. The analysis and evaluation of the adduced framework is also presented in the paper. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Reciprocal Effects Model of the Temporal Ordering of Coping and Defenses
Authors: Nicolas Michel , Drapeau Martin , Martinent Guillaume 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to examine how coping and defenses are related over time, using a two‐wave cross‐lagged panel design. Coping and defenses were assessed before and after a sport competition in a sample of 296 competitive athletes. Partial least squares path modeling results showed that (a) pre‐competitive mature defenses predicted increases in the use of task‐oriented coping during competition; (b) pre‐competitive immature defenses predicted an increase in the use of disengagement‐oriented coping during competition; and (c) pre‐competitive task‐oriented coping predicted an increase in the use of immature defenses during competition. Overall, our findings suggest that defenses predict the use of coping and conversely, that coping predicts the use of defenses in psychological adjustment to stressful situations. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Hiyama Cross‐Coupling Reaction: New Discoveries
Authors: Foubelo Francisco , Nájera Carmen , Yus Miguel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this account recent developments in the Hiyama cross‐coupling reaction from 2010 up today are presented. The most important methodology involves formation of biaryl systems by using aryl bromides or iodides and aryl trialkoxy silanes: other variants are far less studied. The most useful procedures are collected paying special attention to the synthetic application of this methodology in synthetic organic chemistry.
Climate justice and the international regime: before, during, and after Paris
Authors: Okereke Chukwumerije , Coventry Philip 
Published: July 2016

With a focus on key themes and debates, this article aims to illustrate and assess how the interaction between justice and politics has shaped the international regime and defined the nature of the international agreement that was signed in COP21 Paris. The work demonstrates that despite the rise of neo‐conservatism and self‐interested power politics, questions of global distributive justice remain a central aspect of the international politics of climate change. However, while it is relatively easy to demonstrate that international climate politics is not beyond the reach of moral contestations, the assessment of exactly how much impact justice has on climate policies and the broader normative structures of the climate governance regime remains a very difficult task. As the world digests the Paris Agreement, it is vital that the current state of justice issues within the international climate change regime is comprehensively understood by scholars of climate justice and by academics and practitioners, not least because how these intractable issues of justice are dealt with (or not) will be a crucial factor in determining the effectiveness of the emerging climate regime. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:834–851. doi: 10.1002/wcc.419This article is categorized under:

Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice
Policy and Governance > International Policy Framework
10‐Year Oncologic Outcomes After Laparoscopic or Open Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Allaix Marco E. , Giraudo Giuseppe , Ferrarese Alessia , Arezzo Alberto , Rebecchi Fabrizio , Morino Mario 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundOnly few studies have compared laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LTME) and open total mesorectal excision (OTME) for rectal cancer with follow‐up longer than 5 years. The aim of this study was to compare 10‐year oncologic outcomes after LTME and OTME for nonmetastatic rectal cancer.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective database of rectal cancer patients undergoing LTME or OTME. Statistical analyses were performed on an ‘‘intention‐to‐treat’’ basis and by actual treatment. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were compared by using the Kaplan–Meier method. A multivariable analysis was performed to identify predictors of poor survival.ResultsBetween April 1994 and August 2005, a total of 153 LTME patients and 154 OTME patients were included. Similarly, 10‐year OS and DFS after LTME and OTME were observed: 76.8 versus 70.6 % (P = 0.138) and 69.1 versus 67.6 % (P = 0.508), respectively. Conversion to OTME did not adversely affect OS and DFS. Stage‐by‐stage comparison showed no significant differences between LTME and OTME. No significant differences were observed in local recurrence rates after LTME and OTME (6.5 vs. 7.8 %, P = 0.837). Median time until local recurrence was 24.5 (range, 12–56) months after LTME and 22 (6–64) months after OTME (P = 0.777). Poor tumor differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, and a lymph node ratio of 0.25 or more were the independent predictors of poorer OS and DFS.ConclusionThis retrospective study with long follow‐up did not show significant differences between the two groups in OS and DFS.
Enhanced energy storage properties of Bi0.5Li0.5TiO3 modified Sr0.1Bi0.45Na0.45TiO3 based ceramics
Authors: Feng Qin , Liu Xiao , Yuan Changlai , Liu Xinyu , Zhou Changrong , Chen Guohua 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Lead-free (1−x)Sr0.1Bi0.45Na0.45TiO3−xBi0.5Li0.5TiO3 (x = 0−0.4) ceramics were successfully prepared by a solid-state reaction technique. The effects of amount of Bi0.5Li0.5TiO3 on structure and electrical properties were examined. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all the investigated specimens have a perovskite structure. An obvious change in microstructure with the increase of Bi0.5Li0.5TiO3 concentration was observed. This study demonstrated that relaxor could be stabilized in Sr0.1Bi0.45Na0.45TiO3 based ceramics by lowering the tolerance factor and electronegativity difference. Besides, a dielectric anomaly related to thermal evolution of crystallographic symmetry was emerged at the depolarization temperature. Upon incorporation of 26 mol% Bi0.5Li0.5TiO3, the specimens were able to withstand an electric field intensity of 106.9 kV/cm with an energy density of 0.88 J/cm3 and an energy efficiency of 65%.
Colonic Inertia: approach and treatment
Authors: Soares Ana Sofia Garcês Ferreira , Barbosa Laura Elisabete Ribeiro 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjective Revision of the state of the art of the knowledge regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of Colonic Inertia, which predominantly affects young women and has a significant socio-economic impact.Methods A search was made in “colonic inertia”, “colon inertia” and “slow transit constipation” in PubMed database for articles of the last 5 years, in Portuguese or English with available abstract and full text. 59 articles and 2013 guidelines of the American Gastroenterological Association on constipation were included.Results The pathophysiology is not completely elucidated and the reduction of the interstitial cells of Cajal is the most consistent histological finding. Diagnosis requires the exclusion of secondary causes of constipation and obstructed defecation syndrome, to which contribute several complementary diagnostic tests. Given the frequency of failure of the medical treatment, surgery is often the only possible option. Sacral nerve stimulation seems to be a promising therapeutical alternative.Conclusion A deeper investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms is fundamental to acquire a more global and integrated vision. Rigorous patient selection for each treatment and the discovery of new therapeutical targets may avoid the use of surgical therapies.
Recto-sigmoid lipoma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Bagherzade Gholamreza , Etemad Omid 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLipomas are a growth of fat cells in a fibrous capsule. They are most common in noncancerous tissues. Lipoma of rectum is uncommon and the most common sit of its origin is the perinanal region. Rarely they could cause rectal bleeding. In this study, we have reported a 53-yrs old man who had been referred to the hospital with symptoms of abdominal pain, rectal bleeding and the problem in bowel movement. Rectal prolapsed with solitary rectal were observed during the clinical observation. Colonoscopy, CT-Scan and MRI were performed for the patient and the results showed a mass suggestive to lipoma which was located in recto/sigmoid region. He underwent the surgery. Intra operative findings showed several soft masses in rectum and a large mass with dimension of 10 cm × 10 cm in sigmoid. Low anterior resection was performed for him and pathology diagnosis was lipoma.
Acceptability of internet interventions for youth mental health in Vietnam
Authors: Sobowale K. , Nguyen M. , Weiss B. , Van T. T. Hai , Trung L. T. 
Published: July 2016

Background.Despite high levels of mental illness, Vietnamese youth have limited access to mental health care. Internet interventions, evidence-based psychotherapy treatments delivered through the internet, have the potential to increase access to mental health for youth in Vietnam. This study explored the perceptions of youths and parents toward internet interventions for youth mental health.Methods.Four focus groups were conducted with youths (n = 20) and parents (n = 20) in Danang, Vietnam. The Technology Acceptance Model was used a framework for focus group questions. The data were analyzed using direct content analysis.Results.Most youths and parents agreed that the internet serves well as a care delivery model. Participants expressed that the web would be useful for psychoeducation and sharing and receiving information with others. Both groups reported lack of awareness of web-based interventions and logistical concerns regarding access as main barriers. In addition, many parents were concerned about internet addiction. Specific adaptations in Vietnam such as standalone internet service centers and partnering with local organizations may benefit uptake of internet interventions.Conclusion.This study suggests that internet-based programs for youth mental health, particularly interventions incorporating psychoeducation and social networking components, will be well received in Vietnam. Barriers need to be addressed to successfully implement internet-based treatment. Future initiatives should incorporate acceptance models to improve development of internet interventions for youth.