bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Precision Ethylene‐Styrene Copolymer with High Styrene Content from Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of 4‐Phenylcyclopentene
Authors: Neary William J. , Kennemur Justin G. 
Published: April 2016

Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of 4‐phenylcyclopentene is investigated for the first time under various conditions. Thermodynamic analysis reveals a polymerization enthalpy and entropy sufficient for high molar mass and conversions at lower temperatures. In one example, neat polymerization using Hoveyda–Grubbs second generation catalyst at −15 °C yields 81% conversion to poly(4‐phenylcyclopentene) (P4PCP) with a number average molar mass of 151 kg mol−1 and dispersity of 1.77. Quantitative homogeneous hydrogenation of P4PCP results in a precision ethylene‐styrene copolymer (H2‐P4PCP) with a phenyl branch at every fifth carbon along the backbone. This equates to a perfectly alternating trimethylene‐styrene sequence with 71.2% w/w styrene content that is inaccessible through molecular catalyst copolymerization strategies. Differential scanning calorimetry confirms P4PCP and H2‐P4PCP are amorphous materials with similar glass transition temperatures (Tg) of 17 ± 2 °C. Both materials present well‐defined styrenic analogs for application in specialty materials or composites where lower softening temperatures may be desired.
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Are Patients with Psychogenic Movement Disorders More Likely to be Healthcare Workers?
Authors: Perry Christina G. , Holmes Katherine G. , Gruber‐Baldini Ann L. , Anderson Karen E. , Shulman Lisa M. , Weiner William J. , Reich Stephen G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundReported risk factors for the development of a psychogenic movement disorder (PMD) include young age, female gender, history of abuse, current or past psychiatric disorder, lower levels of education and socioeconomic status, and employment as a healthcare worker. Although employment in healthcare is included in several diagnostic criteria for PMD, as well as in many case series, this association has never been validated.MethodsUsing the University of Maryland Movement Disorder Database (UMMDD), we identified PMD cases, as well as patients with isolated focal dystonia as controls. An experienced movement disorder specialist diagnosed all patients, and all cases met criteria for clinically established PMD. Demographic and occupational histories were obtained from medical records and were supplemented by telephone interviews. PMD cases and controls were compared using t tests/χ2 tests.ResultsControls (n = 148) were older than PMD cases (n = 132), with an average age of 61.4 and 52.1 years, respectively (P < 0.001); there were no significant differences between groups with respect to gender, education level, and ethnicity. The proportion of healthcare workers was not significantly different between PMD cases and controls (25% of PMD cases vs. 20% of controls; P = 0.28).ConclusionsIn contrast to traditional teaching, this investigation demonstrates that in our patient population, patients with a PMD were no more likely to be employed as healthcare workers than patients with isolated focal dystonia. This study calls into question the use of employment in healthcare as a reliable criterion to support the diagnosis of PMD.
Strong consistency of random gradient‐free algorithms for distributed optimization
Authors: Chen Xing‐Min , Gao Chao 
Published: April 2016

SummaryA distributed multi‐agent convex optimization problem over a network with time‐varying connectivity is considered, where the agents are to collectively minimize a sum of nonsmooth but Lipschitz continuous functions subject to a convex constraint set. Based on Gaussian smoothing of the objective functions, a distributed projective random gradient‐free algorithm is considered for the constrained optimization problem, where each agent performs a local averaging operation, takes the one‐sided or two‐sided randomized gradient approximates instead of the subgradients to minimize its own objective function, and projects on the constraint set. The bounds on the limiting performance of the algorithm in mean are obtained, and it is proven that there is mean consensus between agents for diminishing step sizes. It is showed that with appropriately selected step sizes, the agent estimates generated by the algorithm converge to the same stationary point of the smoothed version of the problem with probability 1. Therefore, with sufficient small smoothing parameters, we obtain the result of consensus and convergence of the agent estimates to an optimal solution with probability 1. A numerical example is provided to justify the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validating the proposed ICD‐11 domains
Authors: Mulder Roger T. , Horwood John , Tyrer Peter , Carter Janet , Joyce Peter R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimThe ICD‐11 Personality Disorders Committee has proposed five personality domains: Detached, Anankastic, Negative Affective, Dissocial and Disinhibited. We attempted to validate these proposed domains in a large sample of patients with major depression.MethodsParticipants from five treatment studies received a SCID assessment interview to assess DSM‐5 personality disorder symptoms. Personality disorder symptoms were assigned to the five proposed domains. Confirmatory factor analysis in an exploratory framework was used to test the hypothesized domain structure.ResultsA total of 606 patients were included in the analysis. A series of models were tested on the data set. The best fitting model produced five domains. Three domains detached, anankastic and negative affective were similar to the ICD‐11 proposed domains. The Disinhibited domain did not emerge as a distinct factor but loaded onto a single Dissocial/Disinhibited factor. The model was improved by adding a separate Antisocial domain. The remaining domain incorporating borderline, histrionic and narcissistic symptoms is tentatively labelled Borderline to retain continuity with clinical practice and research.ConclusionsThe proposed ICD‐11 personality disorder domains were partially validated. We have five domains currently labelled Detached, Anankastic, Negative Emotional, Antisocial and Borderline. The sample studied limits the generalizability of our findings. In particular, the broad domain we have called Borderline requires further study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Training Rehabilitation as an Effective Treatment for Patients With Vascular Cognitive Impairment With No Dementia
Authors: Feng Haixia , Li Guohong , Xu Cuirong , Ju Changping , Qiu Xichenhui 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible therapeutic effect of cognitive training on the cognitive function of patients with vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (VCIND).

Design:
A randomized controlled trial.

Method:
Seventy-three cases of VCIND patients were used as subjects, of which 36 patients were subjected to routine care with systemic cognitive training and classified as the intervention group, whereas the other 37 patients were subjected to a routine care only and classified as the control group. Multidimensional neuropsychological assessments were performed 3 months before and after the intervention.

Findings:
The patients’ performance on functional tests was significantly improved after intervention (p < .05) except from Stroop Color-Word Test (p ≥ .05).

Conclusions:
After systemic cognitive training, VCIND patients showed a significant improvement in visuospatial function, memory function, language function, and attention function, whereas their execution function was partially improved.

Clinical Relevance:
Despite the promising results, there is still a need to improve the support for patients affected by VCIND requiring rehabilitation.
21,21,21‐Trifluorothevinone: the Straightest Way to Fluorinated Thevinols and Orvinols
Authors: Sandulenko Irina V. , Kovaleva Ekaterina S. , Peregudov Alexandr S. , Kalinin Valery N. , Moiseev Sergey K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThevinone is the key starting material for preparations of thevinols and orvinols, the well‐known opioid receptor ligands. Some of them have found applications both in human medicine and veterinary. Herein we disclose the convenient multigram‐scale preparation of 21,21,21‐trifluorothevinone that opens the straightest way to the relative C(21)‐fluorinated thevinols and orvinols, the putative opiod receptor ligands as well as the valuable objects for investigations of the structure‐activity relationship in the thevinol/orvinol series. 21,21,21‐Trifluorothevinone was prepared by a reaction of the thebaine‐based [4+2]‐adduct of acroleine with CF3SiMe3 followed by the Swern oxidation of the fluorinated alcohol thus obtained.
Response of plant functional traits to grazing for three dominant species in alpine steppe habitat of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Wang Jianxun , Zhong Mengying , Wu Ruixin , Dong QuanMin , Wang Kun , Shao Xinqing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAbove‐ground biomass (AGB) is an important indicator of grassland ecosystem performance. Easily measured plant functional traits (PFTs) may provide useful predictors of the response of plants to grazing. Understanding the response of PFTs to grazing and the relationship between PFTs and AGB is very important for effectively predicting the response of ecosystems to grazing and rangeland management. A grazing experiment was conducted in Gangcha County, Qinghai Province, in the northeastern part of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in 2012 and 2013. We investigated the response of PFTs in three dominant species (Elymus nutans, Kobresia humilis, and Stipa purpurea) to grazing, using six stocking rates. Plant height (PH), plant weight, leaf area, and leaf dry biomass of these three dominant species had significantly negative relationships with stocking rate. Leaf thickness (LT) of these three species usually showed a unimodal response to grazing. Specific leaf area generally showed a quadratic relationship with grazing intensity. No consistent effects of grazing were observed on nitrogen content per unit mass (Nmass) and nitrogen content per unit area (Narea). PH, leaf area, and leaf dry mass (LDM) were positively associated with AGB, but LT, Nmass, and Narea had no statistically significant association with AGB. We thus conclude that PH, leaf area, and LDM best predict the effects of grazing on AGB. Finally, 2.87 sheep/ha is recommended as the optimal stocking rate in this region to maintain the health of this grassland ecosystem and to allow for sustainable development.
Eucaloric Ketogenic Diet Reduces Hypoglycemia and Inflammation in Mice with Endotoxemia
Authors: Nandivada Prathima , Fell Gillian L. , Pan Amy H. , Nose Vania , Ling Pei‐Ra , Bistrian Bruce R. , Puder Mark 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDietary strategies to alter the immune response to acute inflammation have the potential to improve outcomes in critically ill patients. A eucaloric ketogenic diet (EKD), composed predominantly of fat with very small amounts of carbohydrate, can provide adequate caloric support while minimizing spikes in blood glucose and reducing oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an EKD on glycemic control and the inflammatory response after acute endotoxemia in mice. Mice received either an EKD or a carbohydrate‐based control diet (CD) for 4 weeks. Animals subsequently underwent either a 2‐h fast (postprandial) or an overnight fast (postabsorptive), and half of the animals in each diet group were randomized to receive either intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of saline. Glycemic response, insulin resistance, inflammatory cytokine levels, and the expression of key inflammatory and metabolic genes were measured. After endotoxin challenge, hypoglycemia was more frequent in mice fed a CD than an EKD in the postprandial period. This was due in part to the preservation of hepatic glycogen stores despite endotoxin exposure and prolonged fasting in mice fed an EKD. Furthermore, mice fed the CD had higher levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α in the postabsorptive period, with a fivefold higher expression of hepatic NFκB compared to mice fed the EKD in both fasting periods. These results suggest that the unique metabolic state induced by an EKD can alter the response to acute inflammation in mice.
Composition of Rice Bran Stearin from Various Refineries Across China
Authors: Shi Can , Liu Ruijie , Chang Ming , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the composition of rice bran stearin (RBS) from various refineries across China. Here, we report the physicochemical parameters of RBS. The slip melting point ranged from 20.8 to 35.3 °C. The free fatty acid content (0.05–0.27 %) and peroxide value (0.34–3.70 mequiv oxygen/kg) was quite low, indicating that the RBS was of good quality. The iodine value ranged from 85.8–102.9 g/100 g, indicating a high unsaturated bond content. There was a significant difference in the unsaponifiable matter content (1.20–3.87 %) among RBS samples. The oxidative stability index (OSI) ranged from 0.56 to 5.85 h. The palmitic acid content in RBS refined by molecular distillation was significantly higher than the RBS that was refined physically and chemically. The major triacylglycerol was LLO/OLL, PLL/LPL, OLO, PLP, OOO and POO (L, linoleic acid; O, oleic acid; P, palmitic acid). RBS contained high levels of micronutrients, including total tocopherols (23.3–117.9 mg/100 g), oryzanol (0.1–2.1 %), and total sterols (682.9–1787.3 mg/100 g). Moreover, three different kinds of solid fat curves were distinguished. The results presented here are probably the first report regarding RBS on an industrial scale, meanwhile the potential utilization of RBS is discussed.
“Mad Scared” versus “I Was Sad”: Emotional expression and response in urban adolescent males
Authors: Reigeluth Christopher S. , Pollastri Alisha R. , Cardemil Esteban V. , Addis Michael E. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTDecades of masculinity research have concluded that society places higher demands on males to adhere to norms for low emotional expression; yet, countless studies find that emotional expression is integral to well‐being. Unfortunately, this contradiction places boys and men in a tenuous position as they must navigate a bombardment of societal messages about the importance of emotional stoicism and invincibility. For urban adolescents, the situation is more complicated as they encounter environmental stressors that place greater emphasis on projecting a tough façade. Thus, our primary aim was to assess to what degree dyads of close adolescent male friends from urban, low‐income neighborhoods are able to engage in emotional expression and response and to explore some of the underlying mechanisms and interpersonal processes. Qualitative findings from our sample suggest that urban boys exhibit a wide range of behaviors when participating in dyadic emotional disclosure and response, including being highly emotionally expressive and supportive in the context of close male friendship.
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis: population-based study
Authors: Hung S H , Lin H C , Kao L T , Wu C S , Chung S D 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground:This study aimed to evaluate the association of chronic rhinosinusitis with sudden sensorineural hearing loss using a population-based database.Methods:Sampled subject data were obtained from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. A total of 3325 patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss were identified and 9975 controls were randomly selected. A conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio for having been previously diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis, for cases and controls.Results and conclusion:The adjusted odds ratio of having prior chronic rhinosinusitis among cases compared to controls was 1.36 (95 per cent confidence interval = 1.16–1.60). The significant relationship between sudden sensorineural hearing loss and chronic rhinosinusitis was most pronounced among those patients aged 44 years or less (compared to controls) (odds ratio = 2.18; 95 per cent confidence interval = 1.63–2.92). However, the significant relationship between sudden sensorineural hearing loss and prior chronic rhinosinusitis was not sustained for patients older than 60 years compared to controls.
Why Do Voters Change Their Evaluations of a President? A Taiwanese Case
Authors: TANG YEN-CHEN , CHANG ALEX CHUAN-HSIEN 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze how citizens evaluate their president, especially focusing on why voters lower their evaluations at an individual-level perspective. We assert that citizens raise their evaluations of a new president when their expectations are met and lower their opinions when his or her performance disappoints them. Furthermore, the evaluations of the president are not only affected by a government's economic and diplomatic performance, but are also influenced by individual awareness of salient political issues, the contents of the news, and their own perceived influence on politics. We test the theoretical hypotheses using Taiwan's Election and Democratization Study (TEDS) panel survey data. The statistical results support our theoretical hypotheses and show that when President Ma's performance did not meet respondents’ expectations of unification and economic prosperity, the respondents updated their evaluations of Ma. In addition, it also shows that the extent of respondents’ media exposure and political efficacy are significantly associated with the change in their opinions of Ma.
Transcriptome analysis of interactions between silkworm and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus
Authors: Jiang Liang , Peng Zhengwen , Guo Youbing , Cheng Tingcai , Guo Huizhen , Sun Qiang , Huang Chunlin , Zhao Ping , Xia Qingyou 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBombyx moricytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) specifically infects silkworm midgut (MG) and multiplication occurs mainly in posterior midgut (PM). In this study, MG and fat body (FB) were extracted at 0, 3, 24, and 72 h after BmCPV infection. The total sequence reads of each sample were more than 1510000, and the mapping ratio exceeded 95.3%. Upregulated transcripts increased in MG during the infection process. Gene ontology (GO) categories showed that antioxidants were all upregulated in FB but not in MG. BGI001299, BGI014434, BGI012068, and BGI009201 were MG-specific genes with transmembrane transport function, the expression of which were induced by BmCPV. BGI001299, BGI014434, and BGI012068 expressed in entire MG and may be involved in BmCPV invasion. BGI009201 expressed only in PM and may be necessary for BmCPV proliferation. BmPGRP-S2 and BGI012452 (a putative serine protease) were induced by BmCPV and may be involved in immune defense against BmCPV. The expression level of BmCPV S1, S2, S3, S6, and S7 was high and there was no expression of S9 in MG 72 h, implying that the expression time of structural protein coding genes is earlier. These results provide insights into the mechanism of BmCPV infection and host defense.
Accumulation of isolevuglandin-modified protein in normal and fibrotic lung
Authors: Mont Stacey , Davies Sean S. , Roberts L. Jackson , Mernaugh Raymond L. , McDonald W. Hayes , Segal Brahm H. , Zackert William , Kropski Jonathan A. , Blackwell Timothy S. , Sekhar Konjeti R. , Galligan James J. , Massion Pierre P. , Marnett Lawrence J. , Travis Elizabeth L. , Freeman Michael L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractProtein lysine modification by γ-ketoaldehyde isomers derived from arachidonic acid, termed isolevuglandins (IsoLGs), is emerging as a mechanistic link between pathogenic reactive oxygen species and disease progression. However, the questions of whether covalent modification of proteins by IsoLGs are subject to genetic regulation and the identity of IsoLG-modified proteins remain unclear. Herein we show that Nrf2 and Nox2 are key regulators of IsoLG modification in pulmonary tissue and report on the identity of proteins analyzed by LC-MS following immunoaffinity purification of IsoLG-modified proteins. Gene ontology analysis revealed that proteins in numerous cellular pathways are susceptible to IsoLG modification. Although cells tolerate basal levels of modification, exceeding them induces apoptosis. We found prominent modification in a murine model of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis and in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, two diseases considered to be promoted by gene-regulated oxidant stress. Based on these results we hypothesize that IsoLG modification is a hitherto unrecognized sequelae that contributes to radiation-induced pulmonary injury and IPF.
Pronounced peptide selectivity for melanoma through tryptophan end-tagging
Authors: Duong Dinh Thuy , Singh Shalini , Bagheri Mojtaba , Verma Navin Kumar , Schmidtchen Artur , Malmsten Martin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEffects of oligotryptophan end-tagging on the uptake of arginine-rich peptides into melanoma cells was investigated under various conditions and compared to that into non-malignant keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and erythrocytes, also monitoring resulting cell toxicity. In parallel, biophysical studies on peptide binding to, and destabilization of, model lipid membranes provided mechanistic insight into the origin of the selectivity between melanoma and non-malignant cells. Collectively, the results demonstrate that W-tagging represents a powerful way to increase selective peptide internalization in melanoma cells, resulting in toxicity against these, but not against the non-malignant cells. These effects were shown to be due to increased peptide adsorption to the outer membrane in melanoma cells, caused by the presence of anionic lipids such as phosphatidylserine and ganglioside GM1, and to peptide effects on mitochondria membranes and resulting apoptosis. In addition, the possibility of using W-tagged peptides for targeted uptake of nanoparticles/drug carriers in melanoma was demonstrated, as was the possibility to open up the outer membrane of melanoma cells in order to facilitate uptake of low Mw anticancer drugs, here demonstrated for doxorubicin.
0.26-Hz-linewidth ultrastable lasers at 1557 nm
Authors: Wu Lifei , Jiang Yanyi , Ma Chaoqun , Qi Wen , Yu Hongfu , Bi Zhiyi , Ma Longsheng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNarrow-linewidth ultrastable lasers at 1.5 μm are essential in many applications such as coherent transfer of light through fiber and precision spectroscopy. Those applications all rely on the ultimate performance of the lasers. Here we demonstrate two ultrastable lasers at 1557 nm with a most probable linewidth of 0.26 Hz by independently frequency-stabilizing to the resonance of 10-cm-long ultrastable Fabry-Pérot cavities at room temperature. The fractional frequency instability of each laser system is nearly 8 × 10−16 at 1–30 s averaging time, approaching the thermal noise limit of the reference cavities. A remarkable frequency instability of 1 × 10−15 is achieved on the long time scale of 100–4000 s.