bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gp96-Ig/Costimulator (OX40L, ICOSL, or 4-1BBL) Combination Vaccine Improves T-cell Priming and Enhances Immunity, Memory, and Tumor Elimination
Authors: Fromm George , de Silva Suresh , Giffin Louise , Xu Xin , Rose Jason , Schreiber Taylor H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractT-cell costimulation typically occurs in a defined microenvironment that is not recapitulated by agonistic antibody therapy. To deliver such stimulation under more favorable conditions, we investigated whether an allogeneic cell-based vaccine that secreted Fc-OX40L, Fc-ICOSL, or Fc-4-1BBL would activate and expand T cells comparably with systemically administered agonist antibodies. Among these costimulators, locally secreted Fc-OX40L provided superior priming of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, compared with combinations with OX40 antibodies or vaccine alone. Vaccine-expressed Fc-OX40L also stimulated IFNγ, TNFα, granzyme B, and IL2 by antigen-specific CD8+ T cells similarly to OX40 antibodies, without off-target consequences such as proinflammatory cytokine induction. Vaccine-secreted Fc-OX40L increased CD127+KLRG-1− memory precursor cells during the contraction phase, resulting in improved proliferation upon secondary antigen challenge, as compared with OX40 antibody. A cell-based vaccine cosecreting gp96-Ig and Fc-OX40L led to even more pronounced tumor control, complete tumor rejection, and increased tumor antigen–specific T-cell proliferation, including in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, as compared with combinations of gp96-Ig vaccine and OX40 antibodies, in mice with established melanoma or colorectal carcinoma. These data suggest that local modulation of the vaccine microenvironment has unexpected advantages over systemic costimulation with agonistic antibodies, which may simplify the clinical translation of such combination immunotherapies into humans. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(9); 766–78. ©2016 AACR.
PID Controller Response to Set-Point Change in DC-DC Converter Control
Authors: Ibrahim Oladimeji , Yahaya Nor Zaihar B , Saad Nordin 
Published: July 2016

Power converter operations and efficiency is affected by variation in supply voltage, loads current, circuit elements, ageing and temperature. To meet the objective of tight voltage regulation, power converters circuit module and the control unit must be robust to reject disturbances arising from supply, load variation and changes in circuit elements. PID controller has been the most widely used in power converter control. This paper presents studies of robustness of PID controller tuning methods to step changes in the set point and disturbance rejection in power converter control. A DC-DC boost converter was modelled using averaged state-space mothod and PID controllers were designed with five different tuning methods. The study reveals the transient response and disturbance rejection capability of each tuning methods for their suitability in power supply design applications.
O PROBLEMA ENVOLVENDO AS OPMEs E OS PLANOS DE SAÚDE: CONTORNOS E ANÁLISE DA PROBLEMÁTICA
Authors: Martins Paulo Roberto do Nascimento , Dahinten Bernardo Franke , Dahinten Augusto Franke 
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo introduzir e analisar algumas das questões mais polêmicas relacionadas às indicações de Órteses, Próteses e Materiais Especiais (OPMEs) no âmbito dos contratos de planos de saúde. No texto, são exibidos elementos normativos atinentes a esse contexto, bem como decisões judiciais emblemáticas acerca da temática. O escopo é defender, de forma fundamentada, que a indicação de próteses e órteses pelo profissional assistente não pode ser vista como a única opinião válida, tampouco como necessariamente a mais correta, haja vista a existência de interesses outros que não a mera saúde do paciente e que também estão frequentemente em jogo. Ao final, é explicado que, à luz da normatização atualmente vigente no Brasil no âmbito da saúde suplementar, ao médico assistente cabe (apenas) indicar as características dos materiais necessários, cabendo à operadora de planos de saúde a escolha da marca e do fabricante. Enquanto os magistrados não se conscientizarem dessas normas, este sério problema não se resolverá.
Flow Regimes over a Basin Induced by Upstream Katabatic Flows—An Idealized Modeling Study
Authors: Lehner Manuela , Rotunno Richard , Whiteman C. David 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Idealized two-dimensional model simulations are performed to study the frequent nocturnal occurrence of downslope-windstorm-type flows in Arizona’s Meteor Crater. The model topography is a simplified representation of the Meteor Crater and its surroundings, with an approximately 1° mesoscale slope upstream and downstream of the crater basin. A strong surface-based inversion and a katabatic flow develop above the mesoscale slope as a result of radiational cooling. The temperature and flow profiles are evaluated against observations over low-angle slopes from two field campaigns, showing that the model’s turbulence parameterization has a strong impact on the near-surface conditions. The interaction of the katabatic flow with the basin topography leads to the formation of waves and hydraulic jumps over the basin. The simplified two-dimensional simulations show good qualitative agreement with observations of downslope-windstorm-type flows from the Meteor Crater. The sensitivity of the flow solution over the basin to basin depth, basin width, and background wind speed is investigated. The resulting flow regimes include a sweeping of the basin atmosphere, a wake over the upstream crater sidewall, waves over the basin with one or two wave crests, and a hydraulic jump. The regimes are discussed in the context of stratified flow over mountains.
Tonsillectomy Bleed Rates across the CHEER Practice Research Network
Authors: Lee Walter T. , Witsell David L. , Parham Kourosh , Shin Jennifer J. , Chapurin Nikita , Pynnonen Melissa A. , Langman Alan , Nguyen‐Huynh Anh , Ryan Sheila E. , Vambutas Andrea , Roberts Rhonda S. , Schulz Kris 
Published: July 2016

Objectives(1) Compare postoperative bleeding in the CHEER network (Creating Healthcare Excellence through Education and Research) among age groups, diagnoses, and practice types. (2) Report the incidence of bleeding by individual CHEER practice site based on practice guidelines.Study DesignRetrospective data collection database review of the CHEER network based on ICD‐9 and CPT codes related to tonsillectomy patients.SettingMultisite practice–based network.Subjects and MethodsA total of 8347 subjects underwent tonsillectomy as determined by procedure code within the retrospective data collection database, and 107 had postoperative hemorrhage. These subjects had demographic information and related diagnoses based on the CPT and ICD‐9 codes collected. Postoperative ICD‐9 and CPT codes were used to identify patients who also had postoperative bleed. Variables included age (<12 vs ≥12 years), diagnoses (infectious vs noninfectious), and practice type (community vs academic). Statistical analysis included multivariate logistic regression variables predictive of postoperative bleeding, with P <. 05 considered significant.ResultsThirteen sites contributed data to the study (7 academic, 6 community). There was postoperative bleeding for an overall bleed rate of 1.3%. Patients ≥12 years old had a significantly increased bleed rate when compared with the younger group (odds ratio, 5.98; 95% confidence interval: 3.79‐9.44; P <. 0001). There was no significant difference in bleed rates when practices or diagnoses were compared.ConclusionA site descriptor database built to expedite clinical research can be used for practice assessment and quality improvement. These data were also useful to identify patient risk factors for posttonsillectomy bleed.
Does an Otolaryngology‐Specific Database Have Added Value? A Comparative Feasibility Analysis
Authors: Bellmunt Angela M. , Roberts Rhonda , Lee Walter T. , Schulz Kris , Pynnonen Melissa A. , Crowson Matthew G. , Witsell David , Parham Kourosh , Langman Alan , Vambutas Andrea , Ryan Sheila E. , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesThere are multiple nationally representative databases that support epidemiologic and outcomes research, and it is unknown whether an otolaryngology‐specific resource would prove indispensable or superfluous. Therefore, our objective was to determine the feasibility of analyses in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) databases as compared with the otolaryngology‐specific Creating Healthcare Excellence through Education and Research (CHEER) database.Study DesignParallel analyses in 2 data sets.SettingAmbulatory visits in the United States.Subjects and MethodsTo test a fixed hypothesis that could be directly compared between data sets, we focused on a condition with expected prevalence high enough to substantiate availability in both. This query also encompassed a broad span of diagnoses to sample the breadth of available information. Specifically, we compared an assessment of suspected risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss in subjects 0 to 21 years of age, according to a predetermined protocol. We also assessed the feasibility of 6 additional diagnostic queries among all age groups.ResultsIn the NAMCS/NHAMCS data set, the number of measured observations was not sufficient to support reliable numeric conclusions (percentage standard error among risk factors: 38.6‐92.1). Analysis of the CHEER database demonstrated that age, sex, meningitis, and cytomegalovirus were statistically significant factors associated with pediatric sensorineural hearing loss (P <. 01). Among the 6 additional diagnostic queries assessed, NAMCS/NHAMCS usage was also infeasible; the CHEER database contained 1585 to 212,521 more observations per annum.ConclusionAn otolaryngology‐specific database has added utility when compared with already available national ambulatory databases.
Surgical Treatment of Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Beck Jennifer J. , Tepolt Frances A. , Miller Patricia E. , Micheli Lyle J. , Kocher Mininder S. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a cause of leg pain in running athletes and is treated with fasciotomy after failure of nonoperative management. CECS is being seen with increased frequency in younger patients. The demographics and outcomes of fasciotomy for CECS in pediatric patients, including risk factors for treatment failure, have not been described. Purpose: To describe characteristics of pediatric patients with CECS and determine surgical outcomes of the condition in this population. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective review was performed for patients 18 years and younger treated surgically for CECS with compartment release at a single institution from 1995 to 2014. Demographic and condition characteristics, operative procedure, postoperative course, and clinical outcomes were recorded for 286 legs of 155 patients. Compartment pressure testing using the Pedowitz criteria confirmed the diagnosis in all patients. Results: A total of 155 patients were included in the study (average patient age at presentation, 16.4 ± 1.38 years); 136 (88%) were female. All 155 patients presented with leg pain; of these patients, 8 (5%) also had neurologic symptoms, and 131 (85%) presented with bilateral symptoms requiring bilateral compartment release. Symptoms were chronic in nature, with duration over 1 year in 63% of patients. The primary sport was most commonly reported as running (25%), soccer (23%), or field hockey (12%); 50% of patients were multisport athletes. Of 286 legs, 138 (48%) had only anterior and/or lateral compartments released, while 84 (29.4%) had all 4 compartments released. Documented return to sport was seen in 79.5% of patients. Outcomes analysis was performed for 250 of 286 legs. Of these 250 legs, 47 (18.8%) had recurrent CECS requiring reoperation at a median of 1.3 years (interquartile range, 0.8-3.5) after initial compartment release. For each additional month between presentation and release, the odds of recurrence decreased by 12% ( P = .04). Legs with only anterior and/or lateral compartment released had 3.4 times (95% CI, 1.29-9.14) the odds of reoperation compared with legs that had all 4 compartments released ( P = .01). Twenty-eight of 250 legs (11.2%) had wound issues that resolved with nonoperative management. No wounds required repeat surgical management. Conclusion: CECS in pediatric patients most commonly occurs in adolescent females participating in running sports. Fasciotomy results in a 79.5% return-to-sports rate. Recurrence occurs in 18.8% of patients, more commonly in patients undergoing anterior and lateral release only.
Adipokines, tumor necrosis factor and its receptors in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Santos F M M , Telles R W , Lanna C C D , Teixeira A L , Miranda A S , Rocha N P , Ribeiro A L 
Published: July 2016

Objectives To analyze the association of adipokines and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and its receptors with characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to investigate the correlation between adipokines and the TNF system. Methods One hundred and thirty-six SLE women, aged ≥18 years old, were assessed. TNFα, soluble TNFα receptors 1 (sTNFR1) and 2 (sTNFR2) and adipokines were analyzed by ELISA kits. Results The median (IQR) of age was 41.5 (33.0–49.7) years old and of disease duration 11.3 (7.8–15.8) years. The median (IQR) of disease activity was 0 (0–4) and of damage index was 2 (1–3). Higher levels of sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 were associated with nephritis ( p < 0.001 for both), and sTNFR1 ( p = 0.025) and TNFα ( p = 0.014) were positively associated with arthritis. Higher sTNFR1 levels were found in participants that were not using antimalarial drugs ( p = 0.04). Independent correlation was found between sTNFR1 (β = 0.253; p = 0.003) and sTNFR2 (β = 0.297; p < 0.001) levels and disease activity and damage index (sTNFR1: β = 0.367; p < 0.001; sTNFR2: β = 0.335; p < 0.001). Higher adiponectin levels were independently associated with nephritis ( p = 0.009) and antimalarial drugs use ( p = 0.015). There was a positive correlation between leptin and sTNFR2 levels ( p = 0.002) and between resistin levels and sTNFR1 ( p < 0.001) and sTNFR2 ( p < 0.001). Conclusion The correlation between adipokines and TNF system allows a better understanding of the role of adipokines in the inflammatory response in SLE patients.
By how much could screening by primary human papillomavirus testing reduce cervical cancer incidence in England?
Authors: Castanon Alejandra , Landy Rebecca , Sasieni Peter 
Published: July 2016

Objective The replacement of cytology with human papillomavirus testing as the primary cervical screening test in England is imminent. In light of newly available evidence, we revised our previous estimates of the likely impact of primary human papillomavirus testing on incidence of cervical cancer. Method and results Using screening data on women aged 25–64 diagnosed with cervical cancer in England between 1988 and 2012, we previously reported that 38.8% had a negative test six months to six years prior to diagnosis. However, not all of these cancers would be prevented by human papillomavirus testing: for 1.0% the human papillomavirus positive test would come too late (within 18 months of diagnosis) to make a difference; 7.6% will have a negative human papillomavirus test (based on 79.9% sensitivity of human papillomavirus testing in cytology negative women); and 2.0% will develop cancer despite a positive human papillomavirus test. Additionally, we estimate that some women (equivalent to 4.3% of current incidence) whose cancers are currently prevented by cytology-based screening will have a false-negative human papillomavirus test. Conclusion Overall, we estimate that 23.9% (95% CI: 19.3–27.6%) of current cases in women invited for screening could be prevented. Based on 2013 cancer incidence statistics, absolute numbers could be reduced by 487 (95% CI 394 to 563) or 3.4 (95% CI 2.8 to 4.0) per 100,000 women per year.
Trends in nursing ethics research: Mapping the literature production
Authors: Blažun Vošner Helena , Železnik Danica , Kokol Peter , Vošner Janez , Završnik Jernej 
Published: July 2016

Background: There have been a number of debates in the field of nursing ethics. Researchers have focused on various aspects of nursing ethics, such as professional ethics, professional, nursing and ethical values. Within this research, a variety of literature reviews have been conducted, but to the best of our knowledge, bibliometric mapping has not yet been used. Objective: This article aims to analyse the production of literature within nursing ethics research. Research design: In order to examine publishing patterns, we focused on publishing dynamics, prolific research entities and the most-cited articles. We additionally visualised the content of the literature using a novel mixed-method approach, combining bibliometric analysis and mapping with thematic analysis. Ethical considerations: In our study, ethical review was not required. Findings: A total of 1416 information sources were found in the Scopus database. Overall, literature production has increased; however, in recent years, the quantity of published material has begun to decrease. The most prolific countries are the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada, and the most prolific source titles are Nursing Ethics, Journal of Advanced Nursing and Nursing Times. Lately, research in the field of nursing ethics has been focused more on life care (providing for the basic needs of older residents), moral distress and community nursing. Discussion: The dynamics of research literature production showed an exponential rise in the number of published information sources – a rise which started in the period between 1974 and 1998. Since that period, the trend has stabilised, which might indicate that nursing ethics research is starting a transition to a mature phase. Conclusion: The innovative use of bibliometric analysis and mapping, together with thematic analysis, is a useful tool for analysis of research production in the field of nursing ethics. The results presented can be an excellent starting point for literature reviews and more exhaustive data, information and knowledge seeking.
Efficacy of an Internet-based, individually tailored smoking cessation program: A randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Mavrot Céline , Stucki Iris , Sager Fritz , Etter Jean-François 
Published: July 2016

Introduction Self-help computer-based programs are easily accessible and cost-effective interventions with a great recruitment potential. However, each program is different and results of meta-analyses may not apply to each new program; therefore, evaluations of new programs are warranted. The aim of this study was to assess the marginal efficacy of a computer-based, individually tailored program (the Coach) over and above the use of a comprehensive Internet smoking cessation website. Methods A two-group randomized controlled trial was conducted. The control group only accessed the website, whereas the intervention group received the Coach in addition. Follow-up was conducted by e-mail after three and six months (self-administrated questionnaires). Of 1120 participants, 579 (51.7%) responded after three months and 436 (38.9%) after six months. The primary outcome was self-reported smoking abstinence over four weeks. Results Counting dropouts as smokers, there were no statistically significant differences between intervention and control groups in smoking cessation rates after three months (20.2% vs. 17.5%, p = 0.25, odds ratio (OR) = 1.20) and six months (17% vs. 15.5%, p = 0.52, OR = 1.12). Excluding dropouts from the analysis, there were statistically significant differences after three months (42% vs. 31.6%, p = 0.01, OR = 1.57), but not after six months (46.1% vs. 37.8%, p = 0.081, OR = 1.41). The program also significantly increased motivation to quit after three months and self-efficacy after three and six months. Discussion An individually tailored program delivered via the Internet and by e-mail in addition to a smoking cessation website did not significantly increase smoking cessation rates, but it increased motivation to quit and self-efficacy.
Use of administrative data to increase the practicality of clinical trials: Insights from the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Anderson Garnet L , Burns Carolyn J , Larsen Joseph , Shaw Pamela A 
Published: July 2016

Background: To reduce research costs in the context of pragmatic trials, consideration is given to using administrative data (Medicare claims) to ascertain clinical outcomes. Methods: In the historical context of the Women’s Health Initiative, the correspondence between selected cardiovascular events derived from Medicare claims was compared to those documented and adjudicated in this large-scale prevention trial. Results: Classification performance varies somewhat by type of outcome, but hazard ratios and confidence intervals derived from the two data sources were quite comparable. Conclusion: These encouraging results provided the needed support to launch a new embedded pragmatic trial of physical activity that will rely heavily on Medicare claims to ascertain cardiovascular disease incidence in the majority of those randomized.
A framework for analysis of research risks and benefits to participants in standard of care pragmatic clinical trials
Authors: Chen Stephanie C , Kim Scott YH 
Published: July 2016

Background/Aims: Standard of care pragmatic clinical trials that compare treatments already in use could improve care and reduce costs, but there is considerable debate about the research risks of standard of care pragmatic clinical trials and how to apply informed consent regulations to such trials. We sought to develop a framework integrating the insights from opposing sides of the debate. Methods: We developed a formal risk–benefit analysis framework for standard of care pragmatic clinical trials and then applied it to key provisions of the US federal regulations. Results: Our formal framework for standard of care pragmatic clinical trial risk–benefit analysis takes into account three key considerations: the ex ante estimates of risks and benefits of the treatments to be compared in a standard of care pragmatic clinical trial, the allocation ratios of treatments inside and outside such a trial, and the significance of some participants receiving a different treatment inside a trial than outside the trial. The framework provides practical guidance on how the research ethics regulations on informed consent should be applied to standard of care pragmatic clinical trials. Conclusion: Our proposed formal model makes explicit the relationship between the concepts used by opposing sides of the debate about the research risks of standard of care pragmatic clinical trials and can be used to clarify the implications for informed consent.
Germ line variants predispose to both JAK2 V617F clonal hematopoiesis and myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Hinds David A. , Barnholt Kimberly E. , Mesa Ruben A. , Kiefer Amy K. , Do Chuong B. , Eriksson Nicholas , Mountain Joanna L. , Francke Uta , Tung Joyce Y. , Nguyen Huong (Marie) , Zhang Haiyu , Gojenola Linda , Zehnder James L. , Gotlib Jason 
Published: July 2016

Key PointsGerm line variants in TERT, SH2B3, TET2, ATM, CHEK2, PINT, and GFI1B are associated with JAK2 V617F clonal hematopoiesis and MPNs. Age-related JAK2 V617F clonal hematopoiesis is found in ∼2 out of 1000 individuals in the general population.