bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for simultaneous degradation of carbofuran and chlorpyrifos
Authors: Gong Ting , Liu Ruihua , Che You , Xu Xiaoqing , Zhao Fengjie , Yu Huilei , Song Cunjiang , Liu Yanping , Yang Chao 
Published: July 2016

SummaryCurrently, chlorpyrifos (CP) and carbofuran are often applied together to control major agricultural pests in many developing countries, in most cases, they are simultaneously detected in agricultural soils. Some cost‐effective techniques are required for the remediation of combined pollution caused by multiple pesticides. In this work, we aim at constructing a detectable recombinant microorganism with the capacity to simultaneously degrade CP and carbofuran. To achieve this purpose, CP/carbofuran hydrolase genes and gfp were integrated into the chromosome of a biosafety strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440 using a chromosomal scarless modification strategy with upp as a counter‐selectable marker. The toxicity of the hydrolysis products was significantly lower compared with the parent compounds. The recombinant strain could utilize CP or carbofuran as the sole source of carbon for growth. The inoculation of the recombinant strain to soils treated with carbofuran and CP resulted in a higher degradation rate than in noninoculated soils. Introduced green fluorescent protein can be employed as a biomarker to track the recombinant strain during bioremediation. Therefore, the recombinant strain has potential to be applied for in situ bioremediation of soil co‐contaminated with carbofuran and CP.
High‐throughput SNP genotyping of historical and modern samples of five bird species via sequence capture of ultraconserved elements
Authors: Lim Haw Chuan , Braun Michael J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSample availability limits population genetics research on many species, especially taxa from regions with high diversity. However, many such species are well represented in museum collections assembled before the molecular era. Development of techniques to recover genetic data from these invaluable specimens will benefit biodiversity science. Using a mixture of freshly preserved and historical tissue samples, and a sequence capture probe set targeting >5000 loci, we produced high‐confidence genotype calls on thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each of five South‐East Asian bird species and their close relatives (N = 27–43). On average, 66.2% of the reads mapped to the pseudo‐reference genome of each species. Of these mapped reads, an average of 52.7% was identified as PCR or optical duplicates. We achieved deeper effective sequencing for historical samples (122.7×) compared to modern samples (23.5×). The number of nucleotide sites with at least 8× sequencing depth was high, with averages ranging from 0.89 × 106 bp (Arachnothera, modern samples) to 1.98 × 106 bp (Stachyris, modern samples). Linear regression revealed that the amount of sequence data obtained from each historical sample (represented by per cent of the pseudo‐reference genome recovered with ≥8× sequencing depth) was positively and significantly (P ≤ 0.013) related to how recently the sample was collected. We observed characteristic post‐mortem damage in the DNA of historical samples. However, we were able to reduce the error rate significantly by truncating ends of reads during read mapping (local alignment) and conducting stringent SNP and genotype filtering.
A Cross‐National Examination of Differences in Classification of Lifetime Alcohol Use Disorder Between DSM‐IV and DSM‐5: Findings from the World Mental Health Survey
Authors: Slade Tim , Chiu Wai‐Tat , Glantz Meyer , Kessler Ronald C. , Lago Luise , Sampson Nancy , Al‐Hamzawi Ali , Florescu Silvia , Moskalewicz Jacek , Murphy Sam , Navarro‐Mateu Fernando , Torres de Galvis Yolanda , Viana Maria Carmen , Xavier Miguel , Degenhardt Louisa 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe current study sought to examine the diagnostic overlap in DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) and determine the clinical correlates of changing diagnostic status across the 2 classification systems.MethodsDSM‐IV and DSM‐5 definitions of AUD were compared using cross‐national community survey data in 9 low‐, middle‐, and high‐income countries. Participants were 31,367 respondents to surveys in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey Initiative. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 3.0, was used to derive DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 lifetime diagnoses of AUD. Clinical characteristics, also assessed in the surveys, included lifetime DSM‐IV anxiety; mood and drug use disorders; lifetime suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt; general functional impairment; and psychological distress.ResultsCompared with DSM‐IV AUD (12.3%, SE = 0.3%), the DSM‐5 definition yielded slightly lower prevalence estimates (10.8%, SE = 0.2%). Almost one‐third (n = 802) of all DSM‐IV abuse cases switched to subthreshold according to DSM‐5 and one‐quarter (n = 467) of all DSM‐IV diagnostic orphans switched to mild AUD according to DSM‐5. New cases of DSM‐5 AUD were largely similar to those who maintained their AUD across both classifications. Similarly, new DSM‐5 noncases were similar to those who were subthreshold across both classifications. The exception to this was with regard to the prevalence of any lifetime drug use disorder.ConclusionsIn this large cross‐national community sample, the prevalence of DSM‐5 lifetime AUD was only slightly lower than the prevalence of DSM‐IV lifetime AUD. Nonetheless, there was considerable diagnostic switching, with a large number of people inconsistently identified across the 2 DSM classifications.
Effect of Acute Ethanol Administration on the Hippocampal Region Neural Activity Using a Microelectrode Array
Authors: Zhang Yameng , Yu Hejuan , Li Weitao , Yang Yamin , Wang Xiao , Qian Zhiyu 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundBecause acute ethanol (EtOH) administration is known to influence cognitive processes by impairing hippocampal function, electrophysiological responses of the hippocampus following EtOH exposure warrant investigation. To mimic in vivo conditions, we recorded and analyzed critical firing characteristics of the neuronal population dynamically, particularly in the hippocampal region, before and after acute EtOH administration.MethodsMicroelectrodes were inserted in the hippocampus CA1 region of 21 Institute of Cancer Research mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups, including an EtOH injection group (1.5 g/kg), a saline injection group (1.5 g/kg), and a negative control group that received no injection. A data acquisition system was employed to detect the local field potentials (LFPs) and spike potentials following acute EtOH administration. Various multichannel electrophysiological signals were collected in vivo in each group at 60 minutes, from which the firing rate and wavelet entropy (WE) were analyzed further.ResultsFiring rates began to decline at 20 minutes postinjection and then gradually recovered from 40 to 60 minutes. In contrast, 20 minutes post‐injection, WE increased maximally and then returned to normal from 40 to 60 minutes (p < 0.05). Pronounced changes in the relative energy of theta and alpha oscillations were also observed after 20 minutes of alcohol exposure and recovery occurred by 60 minutes (p < 0.05).ConclusionsA major mechanism of EtOH's action on the hippocampus is neurotransmitter blocking in the form of excitatory neuron inhibition in vivo. Changes in hippocampal spikes coincided with changes in LFPs during the entire time course of acute EtOH administration. The correlation between spikes and LFPs suggests that they jointly affect encoding in hippocampus.
The connection between teaching and learning: Linking teaching quality and metacognitive strategy use in primary school
Authors: Rieser Svenja , Naumann Alexander , Decristan Jasmin , Fauth Benjamin , Klieme Eckhard , Büttner Gerhard 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundIn order for teaching to be successful, students need to be actively involved in learning. However, research on teaching effectiveness often neglects students’ learning activities. Although it is assumed that effective teaching promotes the use of beneficial learning activities, empirical evidence for this connection is still limited.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the connection between effective teaching and reported learning activities. We hypothesize specific relations between a three‐dimensional model of teaching quality (i.e., cognitive activation, supportive climate, and classroom management) and students’ reported use of metacognitive strategies. Students’ intrinsic motivation is considered as a mediator and a moderator of this connection.SampleN = 1,052 students from 53 German primary school classes and their science teachers participated.MethodsData were collected through classroom or video observation and questionnaires over a period of approximately 2 months. Multilevel analysis was utilized to test our hypotheses.ResultsEach dimension of teaching quality positively predicted students’ reported use of metacognitive strategies. For supportive climate, this connection was mediated by students’ intrinsic motivation. Cognitive activation negatively predicted the slopes between students’ reported metacognitive strategy use and motivation.ConclusionsThe results support the notion that effective teaching is connected to learning activities and stress the importance of students’ learning motivation. Results from the cross‐level interaction could indicate that especially less motivated students’ reported metacognitive strategy use might be supported by cognitively activating teaching.
Increases in residential and energy development are associated with reductions in recruitment for a large ungulate
Authors: Johnson Heather E. , Sushinsky Jessica R. , Holland Andrew , Bergman Eric J. , Balzer Trevor , Garner James , Reed Sarah E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLand‐use change due to anthropogenic development is pervasive across the globe and commonly associated with negative consequences for biodiversity. While land‐use change has been linked to shifts in the behavior and habitat‐use patterns of wildlife species, little is known about its influence on animal population dynamics, despite the relevance of such information for conservation. We conducted the first broad‐scale investigation correlating temporal patterns of land‐use change with the demographic rates of mule deer, an iconic species in the western United States experiencing wide‐scale population declines. We employed a unique combination of long‐term (1980–2010) data on residential and energy development across western Colorado, in conjunction with congruent data on deer recruitment, to quantify annual changes in land‐use and correlate those changes with annual indices of demographic performance. We also examined annual variation in weather conditions, which are well recognized to influence ungulate productivity, and provided a basis for comparing the relative strength of different covariates in their association with deer recruitment. Using linear mixed models, we found that increasing residential and energy development within deer habitat were correlated with declining recruitment rates, particularly within seasonal winter ranges. Residential housing had two times the magnitude of effect of any other factor we investigated, and energy development had an effect size similar to key weather variables known to be important to ungulate dynamics. This analysis is the first to correlate a demographic response in mule deer with residential and energy development at large spatial extents relevant to population performance, suggesting that further increases in these development types on deer ranges are not compatible with the goal of maintaining highly productive deer populations. Our results underscore the significance of expanding residential development on mule deer populations, a factor that has received little research attention in recent years, despite its rapidly increasing footprint across the landscape.
Association between gait abnormality and malnutrition in a community‐dwelling elderly population
Authors: Misu Shogo , Asai Tsuyoshi , Doi Takehiko , Sawa Ryuichi , Ueda Yuya , Saito Takashi , Nakamura Ryo , Murata Shunsuke , Sugimoto Taiki , Yamada Minoru , Ono Rei 
Published: July 2016

AimMalnutrition is common in older adults, and contributes to the risk of falls and functional impairment. Gait performance also contributes to falls and functional impairment; however, the association between malnutrition and gait performance remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between malnutrition risk and gait performance.MethodsThe study participants included 204 community‐dwelling older adults with a mean age of 73.4 ± 4.3 years. Nutritional status was evaluated using the short version of the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment. A score of 11 points was used as the cut‐off, and the participants were categorized into two groups: ≤11, malnutrition‐risk group; and ≥12, well‐nourished group. Gait performance was assessed by gait speed and walking smoothness. Walking smoothness was quantified by harmonic ratios (HR), which were derived from vertical (VT), mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior trunk accelerations, recorded during over‐ground walking. Skeletal muscle mass index, handgrip strength and physical functions were also measured.ResultsHR in the ML direction was significantly lower in the malnutrition‐risk group than the well‐nourished group (P = 0.002); however, no differences between the two groups were observed in gait speed or HR in the VT and anteroposterior directions. The relationship between malnutrition and HR in the ML direction was independent of skeletal muscle mass index, handgrip strength, physical function, gait speed, and other confounders (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn community‐dwelling older adults, malnutrition is related to decreased walking smoothness in the ML direction, suggesting that nutritional status affects lateral trunk control during walking. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1155–1160.
Current and emerging approaches for evaluating platelet disorders
Authors: Podda G. , Femia E. A. , Cattaneo M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryPlatelets play a central role in physiological hemostasis and also in pathological thrombosis. It is well established that congenital or acquired abnormalities of platelet function are associated with a heightened risk of bleeding of variable severity and excessive hemorrhage after surgery or trauma. Several kinds of different platelet function tests have been developed over the years to identify or diagnose platelet function disorders. The use of these tests for the assessment of thrombotic risk or for monitoring the effects of drugs inhibiting platelet function is not well established. Light transmission aggregometry (LTA) is the gold standard for the study of patients with defects of platelet function. Its results are affected by several pre‐analytical and analytical variables. The Subcommittee on Platelet Physiology of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis published official guidelines for the standardization of the variables affecting LTA, which should be followed to harmonize the procedures across different laboratories worldwide. The lumi‐aggregometer, a modification of LTA that measures platelet secretion in parallel with aggregation, is preferable to LTA for diagnosing inherited defects of platelet function, because it is more sensitive to the most common disorders, which are characterized by abnormalities of platelet secretion. LTA (or lumi‐aggregometry) is useful as a first screening test of patients with the clinical suspicion of defects of platelet function, because it helps to provide an interim diagnostic hypothesis, which can then be confirmed or discounted using appropriate and specific tests.
Deconstructing the Way in which Value Is Created in the Context of Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Hlady‐Rispal Martine , Servantie Vinciane 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAccording to existing literature, the core of social entrepreneurship (SE) knowledge is evolving and, as such, it has made important contributions to theoretical definitions and essential characterizations. However, more theoretical issues need to be addressed before the SE field can be fully explained and understood. In particular, the authors observe in the literature that, within empirical or conceptual studies, almost all authors use the term ‘value’, but seemingly assume the dimensions of value rather than define or analyse its connotations and components. This paper uses the value construct and its multi‐faceted dimensions to deconstruct the way in which value is created in the SE context. The authors argue that an analysis based on value generation, value capture and value sharing provides important insights into the specificity of SE research and can facilitate future theorizing. Through the conceptual lens of this central concept of value emanating from value theory and business model literature, the authors abductively analyse and classify the studies, providing a practical resource. The authors discuss the phenomenon, presenting an integrative framework that facilitates a clearer understanding of the social value creation process and suggest future research areas as openings for theory development in relation to value creation, its main components and flows.
Antibacterial activity of liposome containing curry plant essential oil against Bacillus cereusin rice
Authors: Cui Haiying , Li Wei , Lin Lin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe herein evaluated the antibacterial effect of curry plant EO, a natural antibacterial agent, on B. cereus. The curry plant EO was encapsulated into liposomes to improve the chemical stability of EO and its active time. By a thin‐film dispersion method, soy lecithin, in combination with cholesterol, were used to prepare liposomes at various curry plant EO concentrations. The optimal formula for preparing liposome is a curry plant EO concentration of 5.0 mg/ml. The average particle size of liposomes containing curry plant EO was 196.6 nm with a PDI of 0.218 and the entrapment efficiency was 56.34%. The optimal liposomes containing curry plant EO gave a zeta potential of −31.1 mV. Besides, liposome‐encapsulated curry plant EO exhibited efficient antimicrobial activity for B. cereus in rice.Practical applicationsAs a natural and safe antibacterial agent, curry plant EO shows an excellent antibacterial effect on B. cereus in rice. The concept in the present study may be useful in the future to deliver a variety of antimicrobials for the treatment of various infections caused by bacteria or other organisms. Hence, the antimicrobial agent has broad prospect in the field of food preservation.
Characterizing microcrack orientation distribution functions in osteonal bone samples
Authors: WOLFRAM U. , SCHWIEDRZIK J.J. , MIRZAALI M.J. , BÜRKI A. , VARGA P. , OLIVIER C. , PEYRIN F. , ZYSSET P.K. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryPrefailure microdamage in bone tissue is considered to be the most detrimental factor in defining its strength and toughness with respect to age and disease. To understand the influence of microcracks on bone mechanics it is necessary to assess their morphology and three‐dimensional distribution. This requirement reaches beyond classic histology and stereology, and methods to obtain such information are currently missing. Therefore, the aim of the study was to develop a methodology that allows to characterize three‐dimensional microcrack distributions in bulk bone samples.Four dumbbell‐shaped specimens of human cortical bone of a 77‐year‐old female donor were loaded beyond yield in either tension, compression or torsion (one control). Subsequently, synchrotron radiation micro‐computed tomography (SRμCT) was used to obtain phase‐contrast images of the damaged samples. A microcrack segmentation algorithm was developed and used to segment microcrack families for which microcrack orientation distribution functions were determined.Distinct microcrack families were observed for each load case that resulted in distinct orientation distribution functions. Microcracks had median areas of approximately 4.7 m2, 33.3 m2 and 64.0 m2 for tension, compression and torsion. Verifying the segmentation algorithm against a manually segmented ground truth showed good results when comparing the microcrack orientation distribution functions. A size dependence was noted when investigating the orientation distribution functions with respect to the size of the volume of interest used for their determination. Furthermore, a scale separation between tensile, compressive and torsional microcracks was noticeable. Visual comparison to classic histology indicated that microcrack families were successfully distinguished.We propose a methodology to analyse three‐dimensional microcrack distributions in overloaded cortical bone. Such information could improve our understanding of bone microdamage and its impact on bone failure in relation to tissue age and disease.
Dentists' and dental students' attitudes, knowledge, preparedness, and willingness related to treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS in China
Authors: Lee Cliff , Fan Yuehong , Starr Jacqueline R. , Dogon I. Leon 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to assess the attitudes, knowledge, preparedness, and willingness of dentists and dental students to treat people‐living‐with‐HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in China, and to determine the factors associated with willingness to treat.MethodsWe surveyed dentists and dental students in hospitals and dental schools in five regions in China with varying PLWHA prevalence. Survey questions covered demographics, as well as four categories regarding treating PLWHA: knowledge (scaled 0–1), attitude (scaled 1–4), preparedness (scaled 1–4), and willingness to treat (scaled 1–4). Composite scores for each category were calculated as weighted means. Confounder‐adjusted regression analysis was performed to determine the factor(s) correlated with willingness to treat.ResultsWe collected 394 (84 percent) and 462 (90 percent) useable surveys from dentists and dental students respectively. Dentists' mean composite scores were 0.63 (poor knowledge), 2.1 (negative attitude), 2.8 (adequate preparedness), and 2.5 (neutral willingness). Students' mean composite scores were 0.64 (poor knowledge), 2.3 (negative attitude), 2.7 (adequate preparedness), and 2.6 (positive willingness). Forty‐five percent of dentists and 59 percent of dental students had scores indicating positive willingness to treat. Attitude was the only factor consistently correlated with willingness to treat. Dentists and dental students scored low in all categories except for preparedness.ConclusionIt is imperative that knowledge of HIV/AIDS and attitudes toward PLWHA be further improved during dental training to increase the access to and effectiveness of dental care of PLWHA in China and to enhance their quality of life.