bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion of a unicompartmental knee arthroplasty to a total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Thienpont E. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a potential treatment for isolated bone on bone osteoarthritis when limited to a single compartment. The risk for revision of UKA is three times higher than for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this review was to discuss the different revision options after UKA failure. Materials and Methods A search was performed for English language articles published between 2006 and 2016. After reviewing titles and abstracts, 105 papers were selected for further analysis. Of these, 39 papers were deemed to contain clinically relevant data to be included in this review. Results The most common reasons for failure are liner dislocation, aseptic loosening, disease progression of another compartment and unexplained pain. UKA can be revised to or with another UKA if the failure mode allows reconstruction of the joint with UKA components. In case of disease progression another UKA can be added, either at the patellofemoral joint or at the remaining tibiofemoral joint. Often the accompanying damage to the knee joint doesn’t allow these two former techniques resulting in a primary TKA. In a third of cases, revision TKA components are necessary. This is usually on the tibial side where augments and stems might be required. Conclusions In case of failure of UKA, several less invasive revision techniques remain available to obtain primary results. Revision in a late stage of failure or because of surgical mistakes might ask for the use of revision components limiting the clinical outcome for the patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(1 Supple A):65–9.
Reconstruction of non-contained acetabular defects with impaction grafting, a reinforcement mesh and a cemented polyethylene acetabular component
Authors: Waddell B. S. , Della Valle A. Gonzalez 
Published: January 2017

This review summarises the technique of impaction grafting with mesh augmentation for the treatment of uncontained acetabular defects in revision hip arthroplasty.The ideal acetabular revision should restore bone stock, use a small socket in the near-anatomic position, and provide durable fixation. Impaction bone grafting, which has been in use for over 40 years, offers the ability to achieve these goals in uncontained defects. The precepts of modern, revision impaction grafting are that the segmental or cavitary defects must be supported with a mesh; the contained cavity is filled with vigorously impacted morselised fresh-frozen allograft; and finally, acrylic cement is used to stabilise the graft and provide rigid, long-lasting fixation of the revised acetabular component.Favourable results have been published with this technique. While having its limitations, it is a viable option to address large acetabular defects in revision arthroplasty.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(1 Supple A):25–30.
Correcting severe valgus deformity
Authors: Lange J. , Haas S. B. 
Published: January 2017

Valgus knee deformity can present a number of unique surgical challenges for the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgeon. Understanding the typical patterns of bone and soft-tissue pathology in the valgus arthritic knee is critical for appropriate surgical planning. This review aims to provide the knee arthroplasty surgeon with an understanding of surgical management strategies for the treatment of valgus knee arthritis.Lateral femoral and tibial deficiencies, contracted lateral soft tissues, attenuated medial soft tissues, and multiplanar deformities may all be present in the valgus arthritic knee. A number of classifications have been reported in order to guide surgical management, and a variety of surgical strategies have been described with satisfactory clinical results. Depending on the severity of the deformity, a variety of TKA implant designs may be appropriate for use.Regardless of an operating surgeon’s preferred surgical strategy, adherence to a step-wise approach to deformity correction is advised.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(1 Supple A):60–4.
Obesity in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Haynes J. , Nam D. , Barrack R. L. 
Published: January 2017

Aims The purpose of our study is to summarise the current scientific findings regarding the impact of obesity on total hip arthroplasty (THA); specifically the influence of obesity on the timing of THA, incidence of complications, and effect on clinical and functional outcomes. Materials and Methods We performed a systematic review that was compliant with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify prospective studies from the PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases that evaluated primary THA in obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) patients. Results There were 17 articles included in the review, which encompassed 13 722 THA patients. Analysis of the included studies showed that, when compared with non-obese patients, obesity was associated with younger age at time of primary THA, and an increased incidence of complications (up to four-fold). Results were mixed on the influence of obesity on the outcomes of primary THA, with three studies showing a detrimental effect on outcomes of a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, while eight studies showed no effect. Conclusion Obesity is associated with significantly younger age at time of primary THA and obese patients are likely to experience a higher rate of peri-operative complications. More investigation is needed into the effect of obesity on clinical outcomes, as the current literature is mixed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(1 Supple A):31–6.
Joint registries
Authors: Berry D. J. 
Published: January 2017

Aims To demonstrate, with concrete examples, the value of in-depth exploration and comparison of data published in National Joint Arthroplasty registry reports. Patients and Methods The author reviewed published current reports of National Joint Arthroplasty registries for findings of current significance to current orthopaedic practice. Results A total of six observations that demonstrate actionable or unexpected findings from joint registries are described. These include: one third to one half of all arthroplasty failures in the first decade occur in the first one to two years; infection rates after arthroplasty have not declined in the last three decades; infection after TKA is more common in men than women; outcomes of TKA are more variable in young compared with older patients; new technologies (uncemented implants and crosslinked polyethylene) have improved results of THA and a real-time shift in use of ceramic femoral heads is occurring in THA. Conclusion These six observations may be used to better understand current practice, stimulate practice improvements or suggest topics for further study. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(1 Supple A):3–7
Dislocation following total hip arthroplasty using dual mobility acetabular components
Authors: De Martino I. , D’Apolito R. , Soranoglou V. G. , Poultsides L. A. , Sculco P. K. , Sculco T. P. 
Published: January 2017

AimsThe aim of this systematic review was to report the rate of dislocation following the use of dual mobility (DM) acetabular components in primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA).Materials and MethodsA systematic review of the literature according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines was performed. A comprehensive search of Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane Library and Embase (Scopus) was conducted for English articles between January 1974 and March 2016 using various combinations of the keywords “dual mobility”, “dual-mobility”, “tripolar”, “double-mobility”, “double mobility”, “hip”, “cup”, “socket”. The following data were extracted by two investigators independently: demographics, whether the operation was a primary or revision THA, length of follow-up, the design of the components, diameter of the femoral head, and type of fixation of the acetabular component.ResultsIn all, 59 articles met our inclusion criteria. These included a total of 17 908 THAs which were divided into two groups: studies dealing with DM components in primary THA and those dealing with these components in revision THA. The mean rate of dislocation was 0.9% in the primary THA group, and 3.0% in the revision THA group. The mean rate of intraprosthetic dislocation was 0.7% in primary and 1.3% in revision THAs.ConclusionBased on the current data, the use of DM acetabular components are effective in minimising the risk of instability after both primary and revision THA. This benefit must be balanced against continuing concerns about the additional modularity, and the new mode of failure of intraprosthetic dislocation. Longer term studies are needed to assess the function of these newer materials compared with previous generations. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(1 Supple A):18–24.
Spinopelvic mobility and acetabular component position for total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Stefl M. , Lundergan W. , Heckmann N. , McKnight B. , Ike H. , Murgai R. , Dorr L. D. 
Published: January 2017

Aims Posterior tilt of the pelvis with sitting provides biological acetabular opening. Our goal was to study the post-operative interaction of skeletal mobility and sagittal acetabular component position. Materials and Methods This was a radiographic study of 160 hips (151 patients) who prospectively had lateral spinopelvic hip radiographs for skeletal and implant measurements. Intra-operative acetabular component position was determined according to the pre-operative spinal mobility. Sagittal implant measurements of ante-inclination and sacral acetabular angle were used as surrogate measurements for the risk of impingement, and intra-operative acetabular component angles were compared with these. Results Post-operatively, ante-inclination and sacral acetabular angles were within normal range in 133 hips (83.1%). A total of seven hips (4.4%) had pathological imbalance and were biologically or surgically fused hips. In all, 23 of 24 hips had pre-operative dangerous spinal imbalance corrected. Conclusions In all, 145 of 160 hips (90%) were considered safe from impingement. Patients with highest risk are those with biological or surgical spinal fusion; patients with dangerous spinal imbalance can be safe with correct acetabular component position. The clinical relevance of the study is that it correlates acetabular component position to spinal pelvic mobility which provides guidelines for total hip arthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(1 Supple A):37–45.
Retraction: Post-operative neuropathy after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Su E. P. 
Published: January 2017

Nerve palsy is a well-described complication following total hip arthroplasty, but is highly distressing and disabling. A nerve palsy may cause difficulty with the post-operative rehabilitation, and overall mobility of the patient. Nerve palsy may result from compression and tension to the affected nerve(s) during the course of the operation via surgical manipulation and retractor placement, tension from limb lengthening or compression from post-operative hematoma. In the literature, hip dysplasia, lengthening of the leg, the use of an uncemented femoral component, and female gender are associated with a greater risk of nerve palsy. We examined our experience at a high-volume, tertiary care referral centre, and found an overall incidence of 0.3% out of 39 056 primary hip arthroplasties. Risk factors found to be associated with the incidence of nerve palsy at our institution included the presence of spinal stenosis or lumbar disc disease, age younger than 50, and smoking. If a nerve palsy is diagnosed, imaging is mandatory and surgical evacuation or compressive haematomas may be beneficial. As palsies are slow to recover, supportive care such as bracing, therapy, and reassurance are the mainstays of treatment.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(1 Supple A):46–9.
Absorption of carbohydrate derived from rice in children aged 1-3 years
Authors: Firmansyah Agus , Effendi Daniel , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki , Boediarso Aswitha , Syarif Badriul Hegar , Gayatri Pramitra 
Published: January 2017

Many studies showsthat rice starch is well-absorbed in gastrointestinaltract, even better as a composition with electrolyte to overcome diarrhea. Although in small number, there is still a various prevalence of carbohydrate malabsorption, both with rice starch and with other starch. Khin-Maung-U found significant (66.5%) prevalence of rice starch in Burmese children malabsorption, whereas rice starch is readily obtained in countries with rice as the population staple food,so thatability to absorb rice starch in Indonesian children need to be studied. Breath hydrogen test (BHT) was performed in 86 Indonesian children aged 1-3 years on Pejaten Barat Subdistrict, Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta. Among the 86 children given meal test with rice starch cakes 80 g for eachchildren, 82 children (95.3%) can absorb rice starch well, but 4 children (4.7%) suffered from rice starch alabsorption. Currentlyit is unknown certainly the type of the malabsorption. Previous researchers found that rice malabsorption is due to enzyme deficiency and intestinal motility disturbance. In this study there were 16 children (18.6%) coming from social-economically underprivileged family, most of the mothers with junior high school and lower educational level, and the majority of parent occupation were on private and labor sectors. There was no significant relation (p >0.05) between diarrhea effects on rice starch malabsorption in 6 children (7%), history of low birth weight baby (15.1%), undernourished or malnutrition status in 35 children (40.7%), and worm and/or fungal infection in 17 children (19.8%).found that rice malabsorption is due to enzyme deficiency and intestinal motility disturbance. In this study there were 16children (18.6%) coming from social-economically underprivileged family, most of the mothers with junior high school andlower educational level, and the majority of parent occupation were on private and labor sectors. There was no significantrelation (p >0.05) between diarrhea effects on rice starch malabsorption in 6 children (7%), history of low birth weight baby(15.1%), undernourished or malnutrition status in 35 children (40.7%), and worm and/or fungal infection in 17 children(19.8%). [
Abdominal tuberculosis in children
Authors: Nataprawira Heda Melinda , Komalia Henny 
Published: January 2017

Abdominal tuberculosis is one of the extrapulmonary tuberculosis commonly found in adolescens, however, due to its non-specific and vague abdominal symptoms, it is rarely found and reported in children. To evaluate abdominaltuberculosis in children from clinical point of view, we conducted a 5-year retrospective study on children hospitalized over a period of 1995 to 1999 in Hasan Sadikin Hospital-Bandung. Of the 15 children diagnosed as having abdominal tuberculosis, 10 (66.7%) were female and 5 (33,3%) male, age ranged from 14 – 162 months and most of them were > 10 years of age.On admission, abdominal distention was the most common complaint found (60.0%), followed by dyspnoe 3 (20.0%), abdominal pain 2 (13.3%) and generalized oedem 1 (6.7%). Most of the children (93.3%) were undernourished which half of them were severely undernourished. Seven children showed positive Mantoux testing with PPD 5 TU. There was familyhistory of adults TB discovered in 9 (60%) of the children. Eighty-percent had BCG vaccination and 6 (50%) of the showed positive scarr. Chest X-ray showed pulmonal and/or pleural involvement in 13 of the 15 children (86.7%). All ascitic fluid taken from 9 patients showed increased protein level and lymphocyte predominance. Histopathologic examinations of 5 childrensupported the diagnosis. There was no positive results of acid fast bacilli and culture done for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in gastric aspirate as well as ascitic fuid. Peritonitis tuberculosis was most commonly diagnosed (80.0%), followed by mesenterial/nodal tuberculosis (20.0%). All of the children followed (60.0%) responded well to the drugs therapy.
Clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis in children at Denpasar Hospital
Authors: Adhianto Gary , S Hendra 
Published: January 2017

This is a retrospective study by collecting data from the medical record of children diagnosed as allergic rhinitis at the Pediatric Allergy & Immunology out patient clinic at Denpasar Hospital between January 1996 and December 2000. Reported data including identifying patient, signs and symptoms, atopic history of the family, skin prick test (SPT) result and the environmental factors. Fifty-five from 297 children (18.5%) attending the Pediatric Allergy & Immunology out patient clinic were diagnosed as allergic rhinitis. Thirty nine were male and 16 female. The age ranged from 6 months to 15 years old. The majority of signs and symptom were sneezing and rhinorrhea (26%), itchy nose (23%), blocked nose (14%) and itchy eyes(12%).. Four children had history of atopic dermatitis, 1 food allergy, 10 asthma, 3 urticaria, 2 drug allaaaergy, 4 h-ad history of both atopic dermatitis and urticaria, 13 both asthma and urticaria, 2 both asthma and drug allergy and 6 children had no history of allergic diseases. Thirty three (60%) one of the parents and 12 (21.8%) both parents ever had allergic diseases. According to SPT, 27 (55.1%) of this children had positive reaction to inhalant allergen, 13 (26.5%) to food allergen and 13 (26.5%) had negative reaction.
Urinary incontinence in children in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta: a serial case report
Authors: Tambunan Taralan 
Published: January 2017

Urinary incontinence in children is a complex problem of varying causes. Most children brought to physician for evaluation of difficulties with urinary control will have single or diurnal enuresis, or will be experiencing urgency associated with functional or organic incontinence. To find out the magnitude of urinary incontinence problems in Child Health Department Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, we retrospectively looked at medical report of such cases between the years of 1989-2001. During eleven years there were 20 cases, consisted of 10 males and 10 females, aged ranged between 3 months up to 16 years. Nineteen children showed significant bacteriuria defined as a urinary tract infection. Ten children were diagnosed as having neurogenic bladder, all had spinal lesions; 7 children had spinal dysraphyism while 3 others had osteolityc lesions in vertebrae due to malignancy. Non neurogenic bladder was defined in 6 children, while in other 4 children we defined that urinary incontinence was caused by anatomical abnormalities. Vesico-ureteral reflux in various degree were found in 9 children, while 11 out of 20 (55%) cases were experiencing chronic renal failure on their first visit. Although the annual incidence of urinary incontinence is low, these difficult cases causing many problems. Breakthrough infection was almost unpreventable and in most cases had progressed to renal failure. Many factors such as invasive procedures and prolonged treatment causing fear and frustration to the patients and their parents leading to poor compliance and lost to follow up. In summary we can conclude that urinary incontinence in children is a complex problem include medically, economically, and socially, not only for the patient and their parents, but also for medical profession.
Constrained BV functions on covering spaces for minimal networks and Plateau’s type problems
Authors: Amato Stefano , Bellettini Giovanni , Paolini Maurizio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe link covering spaces with
the theory of functions of bounded variation,
in order to study minimal networks in the plane and Plateau’s problem
without fixing a priori the topology of
solutions. We solve
the minimization problem
in the class of (possibly vector-valued) $\mathrm{BV}$ functions defined on a covering space of the complement of
an ${(n-2)}$-dimensional compact embedded Lipschitz manifold S without
boundary. This approach has several similarities
with
Brakke’s “soap films” covering construction.
The main novelty of our method stands
in the presence of a suitable constraint on the fibers, which couples together the
covering sheets. In the case of networks, the constraint is defined using a suitable subset of
transpositions of m elements, m being the number of points of S. The model avoids all issues
concerning the presence of the boundary S, which is automatically attained.
The constraint is lifted in a natural way to Sobolev spaces, allowing also an approach based on Γ-convergence.
‘Reddish Green’ – Wittgenstein on Concepts and the Limits of the Empirical
Authors: Ritter Bernhard 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA “concept” in the sense favoured by Wittgenstein is a paradigm for a transition between parts of a notational system. A concept-determining sentence such as “There is no reddish green” registers the absence of such a transition. This suggests a plausible account of what is perceived in an experiment that was first designed by Crane and Piantanida, who claim to have induced perceptions of reddish green. I shall propose a redescription of the relevant phenomena, invoking only ordinary colour concepts. This redescription is not ruled out by anything the experimenters say. It accounts for certain peculiarities in both their descriptions and their subjects’, and suggests that instead of discovering forbidden colours the experimenters introduced a new use of “-ish”. Still, there is a point in speaking of “reddish green” in their context, which can be motivated by invoking what Wittgenstein calls a “physiognomy”.
Stroud on Logical Necessity and General Facts of Nature
Authors: Gierlinger Frederik 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhat makes the denial of a necessary truth impossible or unintelligible? Barry Stroud argues that there is an answer to this question which avoids Platonism, yet does not force us to adopt Conventionalism about logical necessity. In Part 1, I give a brief characterization of Platonism and Conventionalism and sketch some of the difficulties that arise when trying to explain logical necessity along either of those lines. In Part 2, I will summarize the main points of what Stroud has to say on the matter and raise what I believe to be serious difficulties for his account.
Objectivity and Idealism
Authors: MacDonald Andrew 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This paper takes up a more so-called ‘austere’ argument for objectivity derived, for the most part, from P. F. Strawson’s Bounds of Sense. It is austere in the sense that its conclusion is reached by transcendental means but without transcendental idealism. Readers familiar with Henry Allison’s Kant’s Transcendental Idealism will know that in his view arguments of this general kind cannot be separated from Kant’s idealism. The motivation for this position and for Allison’s interpretation and defense of transcendental idealism more generally is, I argue, the threat of a particular kind of scepticism. I go on to explore how we might retrospectively understand the more austere argument as one meant to uncover the indispensability of objectivity for the very possibility of thought or experience. Such a status would not guarantee the truth of objectivity, but it would provide a kind of invulnerability against the scepticism Allison is worried about.
Wittgenstein, Wissen und die Gnade der Natur
Authors: Tolksdorf Stefan 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This paper is an attempt to explain Wittgenstein’s remark that „It is always by favor of Nature that one knows something.“ In this regard, two positions are distinguished. The first one is the standard interpretation within analytic epistemology. Alternatively, I will suggest another possibility to interpret Wittgenstein’s remark, which is inspired by John McDowell’s epistemological disjunctivism. As I am going to show, the alternative is the better choice.