bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the climatic suitability of leishmaniasis vector species in Europe
Authors: Koch Lisa K. , Kochmann Judith , Klimpel Sven , Cunze Sarah 
Published: October 2017

AbstractClimate change will affect the geographical distribution of many species in the future. Phlebotomine sandflies are vector species for leishmaniasis, a tropical neglected disease. We applied an ensemble forecasting niche modeling approach to project future changes in climatic suitability for ten vector competent sandfly species in Europe. Whereas the main area of sandfly distribution currently lies in the Mediterranean region, models generally projected a northwards expansion of areas with suitable climatic conditions for most species (P.alexandri,P.neglectus,P.papatasi,P.perfiliewi,P.tobbi) in the future. The range of distribution for only two species (P.ariasi,P.mascittii) was projected to decline in the future. According to our results, a higher number of vector competent species in Central Europe can generally be expected, assuming no limitations to dispersal. We recommend monitoring for the establishment of vector species, especially in areas with projected climatic suitability for multiple vector species, as a precautious strategy. An increased number of vector species, or a higher abundance of a single species, might result in a higher transmission risk of leishmaniasis, provided that the pathogens follow the projected range shifts.
Giant direct and inverse magnetocaloric effect linked to the same forward martensitic transformation
Authors: Pérez-Landazábal J. I. , Recarte V. , Sánchez-Alarcos V. , Beato-López J. J. , Rodríguez-Velamazán J. A. , Sánchez-Marcos J. , Gómez-Polo C. , Cesari E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMetamagnetic shape memory alloys have aroused considerable attraction as potential magnetic refrigerants due to the large inverse magnetocaloric effect associated to the magnetic-field-induction of a reverse martensitic transformation (martensite to austenite). In some of these alloys, the austenite phase can be retained on cooling under high magnetic fields, being the retained phase metastable after field removing. Here, we report a giant direct magnetocaloric effect linked to the anomalous forward martensitic transformation (austenite to martensite) that the retained austenite undergoes on heating. Under moderate fields of 10 kOe, an estimated adiabatic temperature change of 9 K has been obtained, which is (in absolute value) almost twice that obtained in the conventional transformation under higher applied fields. The observation of a different sign on the temperature change associated to the same austenite to martensite transformation depending on whether it occurs on heating (retained) or on cooling is attributed to the predominance of the magnetic or the vibrational entropy terms, respectively.
Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy reveals structural divergences in HDL-bound apoA-I variants
Authors: Giudice Rita Del , Nilsson Oktawia , Domingo-Espín Joan , Lagerstedt Jens O. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractApolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) provides cardiovascular protection. Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) spectroscopy was used to analyze the dynamic solution structure of the apoA-I protein in the apo- and HDL-states and the protein structure conversion in HDL formation. Wild-type apoA-I protein was compared to human variants that either are protective (R173C, Milano) or lead to increased risk for ischaemic heart disease (A164S). Comparable secondary structure distributions in the HDL particles, including significant levels of beta strand/turn, were observed. ApoA-I Milano in HDL displayed larger size heterogeneity, increased protein flexibility, and an altered lipid-binding profile, whereas the apoA-I A164S in HDL showed decrease thermal stability, potentially linking the intrinsic HDL propensities of the variants to disease risk.
Unconscious avoidance of eye contact in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Madipakkam Apoorva Rajiv , Rothkirch Marcus , Dziobek Isabel , Sterzer Philipp 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAtypical responses to direct gaze are one of the most characteristic hallmarks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The cause and mechanism underlying this phenomenon, however, have remained unknown. Here we investigated whether the atypical responses to eye gaze in autism spectrum disorder is dependent on the conscious perception of others’ faces. Face stimuli with direct and averted gaze were rendered invisible by interocular suppression and eye movements were recorded from participants with ASD and an age and sex matched control group. Despite complete unawareness of the stimuli, the two groups differed significantly in their eye movements to the face stimuli. In contrast to the significant positive saccadic index observed in the TD group, indicating an unconscious preference to the face with direct gaze, the ASD group had no such preference towards direct gaze and instead showed a tendency to prefer the face with averted gaze, suggesting an unconscious avoidance of eye contact. These results provide the first evidence that the atypical response to eye contact in ASD is an unconscious and involuntary response. They provide a better understanding of the mechanism of gaze avoidance in autism and might lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Isotopic compositions of 236U, 239Pu, and 240Pu in soil contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
Authors: Yang Guosheng , Tazoe Hirofumi , Hayano Kazuhiko , Okayama Kumiko , Yamada Masatoshi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSix years after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, data for 236U and 236U/238U have remained limited to a few heavily contaminated samples. In the present study, activities of 236U, 239Pu, and 240Pu, along with other U isotopes in 46 soil samples both heavily and lightly contaminated by this accident were measured by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and triple-quadrupole ICP-MS. The 236U activities and 236U/238U atom ratios in these soil samples were in the range of (0.469–24.4) × 10−5 Bq kg−1 and ((0.099–1.35) × 10−7), respectively. Higher 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios (0.245–0.312) and 238Pu/239+240Pu activity ratios (0.859–1.62) indicated Pu contamination originated from this accident and global fallout in some samples. For those soil samples along with black substances collected along roads in Fukushima Prefecture, high linear correlations were presented between 236U activities and 239+240Pu activities (Pearson’s r = 0.755, p < 0.01), and between 236U activities and 238Pu activities (Pearson’s r = 0.844, p < 0.01). The analysis of these soil samples confirmed the release of 236U, although in trace amounts, during the FDNPP accident.
Silicon Nitride Deposition for Flexible Organic Electronic Devices by VHF (162 MHz)-PECVD Using a Multi-Tile Push-Pull Plasma Source
Authors: Kim Ki Seok , Kim Ki Hyun , Ji You Jin , Park Jin Woo , Shin Jae Hee , Ellingboe Albert Rogers , Yeom Geun Young 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDepositing a barrier film for moisture protection without damage at a low temperature is one of the most important steps for organic-based electronic devices. In this study, the authors investigated depositing thin, high-quality SiNx film on organic-based electronic devices, specifically, very high-frequency (162 MHz) plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD) using a multi-tile push-pull plasma source with a gas mixture of NH3/SiH4 at a low temperature of 80 °C. The thin deposited SiNx film exhibited excellent properties in the stoichiometry, chemical bonding, stress, and step coverage. Thin film quality and plasma damage were investigated by the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and by electrical characteristics of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices deposited with SiNx, respectively. The thin deposited SiNx film exhibited a low WVTR of 4.39 × 10−4 g (m2 · day)−1 for a single thin (430 nm thick) film SiNx and the electrical characteristics of OLED devices before and after the thin SiNx film deposition on the devices did not change, which indicated no electrical damage during the deposition of SiNx on the OLED device.
Fibromodulin reduces scar formation in adult cutaneous wounds by eliciting a fetal-like phenotype
Authors: Zheng Zhong , James Aaron W , Li Chenshuang , Jiang Wenlu , Wang Joyce Z , Chang Grace X , Lee Kevin S , Chen Feng , Berthiaume Emily A , Chen Yao , Pan Hsin Chuan , Chen Eric C , Li Weiming , Zhao Zhihe , Zhang Xinli , Ting Kang , Soo Chia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBlocking transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 signal transduction has been a central strategy for scar reduction; however, this approach appears to be minimally effective. Here, we show that fibromodulin (FMOD), a 59-kD small leucine-rich proteoglycan critical for normal collagen fibrillogenesis, significantly reduces scar formation while simultaneously increasing scar strength in both adult rodent models and porcine wounds, which simulate human cutaneous scar repair. Mechanistically, FMOD uncouples pro-migration/contraction cellular signals from pro-fibrotic signaling by selectively enhancing SMAD3-mediated signal transduction, while reducing AP-1-mediated TGFβ1 auto-induction and fibrotic extracellular matrix accumulation. Consequently, FMOD accelerates TGFβ1-responsive adult fibroblast migration, myofibroblast conversion, and function. Furthermore, our findings strongly indicate that, by delicately orchestrating TGFβ1 activities rather than indiscriminately blocking TGFβ1, FMOD elicits fetal-like cellular and molecular phenotypes in adult dermal fibroblasts in vitro and adult cutaneous wounds in vivo, which is a unique response of living system undescribed previously. Taken together, this study illuminates the signal modulating activities of FMOD beyond its structural support functions, and highlights the potential for FMOD-based therapies to be used in cutaneous wound repair.
A Novel Use of a Novel Drug: Preoperative Nasal Preparation with Dexmedetomidine for Transnasal Transsphenoidal Neurosurgery Approach in Skull Base Neurosurgery
Authors: Hrishi Ajay , Lionel Karen , Nair Prakash 
Published: October 2017

Introduction Transnasal transsphenoidal (TNTS) approach is preferred for surgical excision of the pituitary gland. Despite its numerous merits, the TNTS approach creates wide fluctuations in hemodynamic parameters that are attributed to the routine application of adrenaline-soaked nasal packing and the intense noxious stimulus during the surgery.
Aims To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine for preoperative nasal passage preparation on the surgical field visualization and hemodynamic profile of patients during TNTS surgery.
Material and Methods Cotton strips soaked in dexmedetomidine were used for nasal preparation. The primary outcomes studied were the quality of surgical field visualization through the endoscope and the amount of bleeding that occurred while raising the nasal mucosal flap. The secondary outcomes assessed were the intraoperative anesthetic and analgesic requirement and the hemodynamic profile.
Statistical Analysis Data from the study were summarized as mean and SD. Associations were tested using chi-square test for nonparametric data and for continuous variables ANOVA for repeated measures. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant and < 0.01 as highly significant. SPSS 17.0 was used for analysis.
Results Seventeen (85%) patients had a Formmer's score of 1, which was an excellent surgical field quality. Two (10%) patients had a Formmer's score of 2, and one (5%) had a Formmer's score of 3. There were no statistically significant variations in heart rate and blood pressure with reduced anesthetic requirement.
Conclusion Intranasal dexmedetomidine provides good surgical field conditions with the added advantage of lesser hemodynamic fluctuations.
Potential Surgical Exposure of the Parapharyngeal Internal Carotid Artery by Endonasal, Transoral, and Transcervical Approaches
Authors: Tanjararak Kangsadarn , Upadhyay Smita , Thiensri Thanakorn , Muto Jun , Roongpuvapaht Boonsam , Prevedello Daniel , Carrau Ricardo 
Published: October 2017

Objectives Endoscopic and endoscopic-assisted approaches to the parapharyngeal space have been reported; however, their potential for vascular exposure has not been previously assessed. This study aims to compare the potential exposure and control of the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery (ppICA) via various approaches.
Design and Main Outcome Measures Ten cadaveric specimens were dissected bilaterally, exposing the ppICA via endonasal, transoral, and transcervical approaches. Length of the exposed vessel and potential control were assessed (feasibility and time required to place an encircling suture).
Results Endoscopic transoral and transcervical–transmandibular approaches expose a significantly longer segment of the ppICA (6.89 and 7.09 cm) than the transoral and endonasal approaches. Vascular control was achieved via endoscopic-endonasal, endoscopic-transoral, and open techniques in 121.6, 64.8, and 5.2 seconds, respectively.
Conclusion Histopathology, goals of surgery, and familiarity of the surgeon with each technique may ultimately determine the choice of approach; however, this study suggests that exposure of the ppICA by endoscopic-assisted transoral approach is comparable to that of a transcervical–transmandibular approach. Vascular control was feasible under elective circumstances. However, the difficulty varied widely, potentially reflecting the challenges of controlling an injured ppICA. However, one must note that active bleeding obscures the surgical field in ways that may impair ppICA control. Furthermore, the results may not reflect clinical scenarios where tumor distorts the surgical field.Nonetheless, the study suggests that, in properly selected patients, the endoscopic-assisted transoral approach avoids problems associated with unsightly scars, mandibular osteotomy, and facial nerve manipulation, whereas, the transcervical–transmandibular approach offers the swiftest vascular control.
Patient Satisfaction Outcomes after Robotic Arm-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Short-Term Evaluation
Authors: Marchand Robert , Sodhi Nipun , Khlopas Anton , Sultan Assem , Harwin Steven , Malkani Arthur , Mont Michael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRobotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RATKA) presents a potential, new added value for orthopedic surgeons. In today's health care system, a major determinant of value can be assessed by patient satisfaction scores. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyze patient satisfaction outcomes between RATKA and manual total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Specifically, we used the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) to compare (1) pain scores, (2) physical function scores, and (3) total patient satisfaction outcomes in manual and RATKA patients at 6 months postoperatively. In this study, 28 cemented RATKAs performed by a single orthopedic surgeon at a high-volume institution were analyzed. The first 7 days were considered as an adjustment period along the learning curve. Twenty consecutive cemented RATKAs were matched and compared with 20 consecutive cemented manual TKAs performed immediately. Patients were administered a WOMAC satisfaction survey at 6 months postoperatively. Satisfaction scores between the two cohorts were compared and the data were analyzed using Student's t-tests. A p-value < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. The mean pain score, standard deviation (SD), and range for the manual and robotic cohorts were 5 ± 3 (range: 0–10) and 3 ± 3 (range: 0–8, p < 0.05), respectively. The mean physical function score, SD, and range for the manual and robotic cohorts were 9 ± 5 (range: 0–17) and 4 ± 5 (range, 0–14, p = 0.055), respectively. The mean total patient satisfaction score, SD, and range for the manual and robotic cohorts were 14 points (range: 0–27 points, SD: ± 8) and 7 ± 8 points (range: 0–22 points, p < 0.05), respectively. The results from this study further highlight the potential of this new surgical tool to improve short-term pain, physical function, and total satisfaction scores. Therefore, it appears that patients who undergo RATKA can expect better short-term outcomes when compared with patients who undergo manual TKA.
Erweiterte pathohistologische Kriterien zur Bewertung der Langzeitprognose des Magenkarzinoms
Authors: Dittmar Yves , Rauchfuss Falk , Dondorf Felix , Ardelt Michael , Scheuerlein Hubert , Settmacher Utz 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Magenkarzinom zählt zu den häufigsten Tumorerkrankungen weltweit. Trotz zahlreicher Innovationen in der Diagnostik und Therapie ist die Prognose weiterhin schlecht, da die Detektion der Erkrankung auf tumorassoziierte Symptome angewiesen ist, welche in der Mehrzahl der Fälle spät auftreten. Eine weitere Verbesserung der Behandlungsergebnisse kann durch eine differenziertere und individuellere Bewertung der Tumorbiologie erzielt werden. Wir stellen hierzu eine umfangreiche Analyse potenziell prognostisch bedeutsamer Faktoren vor.
Material und Methoden In einer prospektiv fortgeführten Tumordatenbank wurden von 1995 bis 2011 Daten von 923 Patienten mit Magenkarzinom zusammengetragen. Es erfolgte eine monovariate und multivariate Faktorenanalyse. Für die statistische Analyse wurde das Programm SPSS Version 19.0 verwendet. Die Literaturrecherche erfolgte mithilfe von Medline.
Ergebnisse 748 Patienten wurden chirurgisch exploriert. Die Resektionsrate betrug 87 % mit einer Morbidität und Letalität von 27 und 9 % (2004 bis 2011: 13 und 5 %). 36 und 29 % der Patienten zeigten ein 5-Jahres- bzw. 10-Jahres-Überleben. Das 5- und 10-Jahres-Gesamtüberleben nach kurativer Resektion betrug 58 und 46 %. Die TNM-assoziierten Kriterien, die Tumorgröße, das histologische Wuchsmuster, die intestinale Metaplasie, die Tumorlage und die Lauren-Klassifikation hatten in der monovariaten Analyse einen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss. Multivariat erwiesen sich die kurative Resektion, der Lymphknotenstatus und die Tumorgröße als unabhängige Prognosefaktoren. 90 % der 238 Tumorrezidive traten innerhalb der ersten 5 Jahre auf. Das mediane rezidivfreie Intervall betrug 16 Monate. Je nach Rezidivart waren unterschiedliche Überlebenszeiten festzustellen. Für die 228 Patienten mit nodal negativem, kurativ reseziertem Magenkarzinom zeigte sich eine deutlich bessere Langzeitprognose. Monovariat analysierte Prognosefaktoren waren der diffuse Typ nach Lauren, die Tumorgröße, das nicht tubuläre histologische Wuchsmuster, das weibliche Geschlecht und der Nachweis einer Serosainfiltration durch den Primärtumor. In der multivariaten Analyse erwies sich die Tumorgröße als unabhängiger signifikanter Prognosefaktor (p = 0,05).
Schlussfolgerung Die Auswertung der Daten zeigt, dass die Bewertung des Magenkarzinoms durch weitere, bislang nicht etablierte Faktoren sinnvoll erweitert werden kann. Der Benefit einer individuell strukturierten Therapie und Nachsorge auf der Basis erweiterter Kriterien sollte in zukünftigen Studien geprüft werden.
“Speaking base approbious words”
Authors: Walker Terry , Grund Peter J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper explores the representation of speech in Early Modern English witness depositions. We demonstrate that Semino and Short’s (2004) framework of description, which has for the most part been used in explorations of present-day texts, is generally applicable to our historical data. Our study shows that factors such as the importance of the evidence cited and the clarity of the deposition narrative were crucial considerations in representing speech in different contexts.
Is variety as neutral as it seems?
Authors: Poon Vinton Wing Kin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article discusses the conceptual difficulties that are involved in the understanding of several basic linguistic notions: namelylanguage,dialect,sociolect,register,style,genre, and in particular,variety. Using the definitions provided in various sources, particularly introductory textbooks and dictionaries of linguistics, I examine the ways in which these terms are explained, and discuss how there is actually no consensus on how they are understood and conceptualised. This is particularly true for the termvariety, which is regarded by many linguists as a neutral and ideology-free unit for research. In this article, I show that whether a set of linguistic features is regarded as a variety depends on three main factors; there is no absolute – and thus, ideologically neutral – way that linguists can refer to this concept when considering what is or is not a linguistic variety.
Increasing Dominance of Odd‐Year Returning Pink Salmon
Authors: Irvine J. R. , Michielsens C. J. G. , O'Brien M. , White B. A. , Folkes M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe hypothesis that abundance patterns differ between even‐ and odd‐year returning Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha was examined using data from the eastern and western North Pacific Ocean, northern and southern British Columbia, and biologically based conservation units, which are Canadian groupings of salmon that are genetically and/or ecologically distinct from each other. Detailed data from (mostly) southern British Columbia were examined to test hypotheses that the differences between even‐ and odd‐year broodlines were due to fishing, broodline interactions, limitations in freshwater or the ocean, and/or density dependence. The odd‐year broodline has become increasingly predominate over the genetically distinct even‐year broodline on both sides of the Pacific and in five of six British Columbia regions. Five analytical approaches revealed abundances were generally increasing for odd‐year conservation units and declining or stable for even‐year conservation units. Recent increases in odd‐year spawner abundance in southern British Columbia were correlated with decreased fishery exploitation, but exploitation was higher for odd‐year than for even‐year salmon, refuting the hypothesis that differential exploitation is responsible for the changing dominance. Significant negative interactions between even‐ and odd‐year broodlines were found in several of the British Columbia regions tested, but there was little evidence of competition between broodlines in the marine environment. Odd‐year populations in the Fraser River increased despite density‐dependent reductions in freshwater production, while there was no indication of changes in marine productivity. Our results, combined with literature findings indicating a more southerly glacial refugium for odd‐year than for even‐year Pink Salmon and temperature‐related survival differences between these broodlines, suggest that recent climate conditions are benefiting odd‐year returning Pink Salmon more than even‐year salmon, especially in the southern part of their range.Received July 6, 2013; accepted January 21, 2014