bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bright Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of a Bis‐Donor Quadrupolar Spirofluorene Dye and Its Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Haidong , Daniel Jonathan , Verlhac Jean‐Baptiste , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille , Sojic Neso 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA series of symmetric fluorescent dyes built from a spirofluorene core bearing electroactive end groups and having different conjugated linkers were prepared with a view to their use as building blocks for the preparation of electrochemiluminescent (ECL) dyes and nanoparticles. Their electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and ECL properties were first investigated in solution, and structure/activity relationships were derived. The electrochemical and ECL properties show drastic variation that could be tuned by means of the nature of the π‐conjugated system, the end groups, and the core. In this series, highly fluorescent dye 1 based on a spirofluorene core and triphenylamine end groups connected via thiophene moieties shows the most promising and intriguing properties. Dye 1 is reversibly oxidized in three well‐separated steps and generates a very intense and large ECL signal. Its ECL efficiency is 4.5 times higher than that of the reference compound [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine). This remarkably high efficiency is due to the very good stability of the higher oxidized states and it makes 1 a very bright organic ECL luminophore. In addition, thanks to its molecular structure, this dye retains fluorescence after nanoprecipitation in water, which leads to fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs). The redox behavior of these FONs shows oxidation waves consistent with the initial molecular species. Finally, ECL from FONs made of 1 was recorded in water and strong ECL nanoemitters are thus obtained.
A Simplified MHD Model of Capillary Z‐Pinch Compared with Experiments
Authors: Shapolov A. A. , Kiss M. , Kukhlevsky S. V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe most accurate models of the capillary Z‐pinches used for excitation of soft X‐ray lasers and photolithography XUV sources currently are based on the magnetohydrodynamics theory (MHD). The output of MHD‐based models greatly depends on details in the mathematical description, such as initial and boundary conditions, approximations of plasma parameters, etc. Small experimental groups who develop soft X‐ray/XUV sources often use the simplest Z‐pinch models for analysis of their experimental results, despite of these models are inconsistent with the MHD equations. In the present study, keeping only the essential terms in the MHD equations, we obtained a simplified MHD model of cylindrically symmetric capillary Z‐pinch. The model gives accurate results compared to experiments with argon plasmas, and provides simple analysis of temporal evolution of main plasma parameters. The results clarify the influence of viscosity, heat flux and approximations of plasma conductivity on the dynamics of capillary Z‐pinch plasmas. The model can be useful for researchers, especially experimentalists, who develop the soft X‐ray/XUV sources. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Are economic conditions related to nonnormative life satisfaction development? Evaluating the relative impact of economic conditions, personality, and subjective health
Authors: Heidemeier Heike 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study examined the relative contribution of psychological and socioeconomic resources to explaining qualitative individual differences in life satisfaction development. We used growth mixture modeling and a cohort‐sequential design to investigate life satisfaction development from ages 25 to 65, in a nationally representative panel (the Socioeconomic Panel). Eighty‐three percent of the participants experienced stability in life satisfaction. In a subgroup of individuals (10%), life satisfaction declined. This subgroup lived under less favorable economic conditions and reported downward moves on an index of socioeconomic status. In another subgroup (7%), life satisfaction was low at age 25 and increased up to age 65. This group was also socioeconomically disadvantaged but scored higher on adaptive personality traits and experienced upward social mobility. Generally, personality traits explained level differences in life satisfaction better than economic conditions. However, economic conditions explained nonnormative life satisfaction development better than generalized control beliefs and the Big Five traits.
Numerical modelling of reinforced‐concrete structures under seismic loading based on the finite element method with discrete inter‐element cracks
Authors: Nikolić Željana , Živaljić Nikolina , Smoljanović Hrvoje , Balić Ivan 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe behaviour of the earthquake excitated reinforced concrete (RC) structures up to the collapse, previously designed according to the prescriptions of Eurocode 8 cannot be fully predetermined because of the diversity of the nature of the earthquake. Thus, one needs to make a judicious choice between the two ductility classes balancing between the desired response of the structure, dimension of structural elements, costs and complexity of the design and construction. Powerful numerical models stand as significant tools to obtain more insight into the peculiarity of each structure. This paper presents a numerical model for dynamic analysis and prediction of the collapse of RC structures under the seismic loading based on finite discrete element method. The model includes several numerical algorithms which are essential for realistic description of highly non‐linear effects of these structures: cyclic crack opening‐closing mechanism based on discrete cracks, interaction between the reinforcement and concrete taken by steel strain‐slip relation, the influence of adjacent cracks to the slip of reinforcing bar, local slip of reinforcing bar because of a high plastic deformation under reversed cyclic loading, the influence of the curvature of reinforcing bar to yield stress reduction of the steel and cyclic behaviour of concrete and steel. Performance of the model was demonstrated through incremental dynamic analysis of RC wall, previously designed according to the Eurocode 8 for medium and high ductility classes. The presented results demonstrated the ability of the model for simulation of the crack patterns and collapse of these structures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorenyl‐containing Quaternary Ammonium Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s for Anion Exchange Membrane Applications
Authors: Hu Z. , Tang W. , Ning D. , Zhang X. , Bi H. , Chen S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA series of anion exchange membranes (AEM) based on block quaternary ammonium poly(arylene ether sulfone) (QA‐bPAES) were successfully synthesized from 9,9′‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphenol and 4,4′‐difluorodiphenyl sulfone via block polymerization, chloromethylation, quaternization, alkalization and solution casting. Properties of the obtained QA‐bPAES membranes, including ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, swelling ratios, methanol permeability and ion conductivity were investigated. The obtained QA‐bPAES membranes showed low water uptakes, high ion conductivities and good physical and chemical stability. For example, the membrane of QA‐bPAES(20/10)‐1.34 with IEC of 1.34 mmol g−1 exhibited swelling ratios of 5.0% and 5.1% in in‐plane and through‐plane direction, respectively, and ion conductivity of 15.6 mS cm−1 in water at 60 °C with low methanol permeability of 1.06 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 (25 °C). All the results indicated that this type of block membranes had good potentials for alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell applications.
When it comes to securing patient health information from breaches, your best medicine is a dose of prevention: A cybersecurity risk assessment checklist
Authors: Blanke Sandra J. , McGrady Elizabeth 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundHealth care stakeholders are concerned about the growing risk of protecting sensitive patient health information from breaches. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has identified cyber attacks as an emerging concern, and regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) have increased security requirements and are enforcing compliance through stiff financial penalties.PurposesThe purpose of this study is to describe health care breaches of protected information, analyze the hazards and vulnerabilities of reported breach cases, and prescribe best practices of managing risk through security controls and countermeasures. Prescriptive findings were used to construct a checklist tool to assess and monitor common risks.MethodologyThis research uses a case methodology to describe specific examples of the 3 major types of cyber breach hazards: portable device, insider, and physical breaches. We utilize a risk management framework to prescribe preventative actions that organizations can take to assess, analyze, and mitigate these risks.FindingsThe health care sector has the largest number of reported breaches, with 3 major types: portable device, insider, and physical breaches. Analysis of actual cases indicates security gaps requiring prescriptive fixes based on “best practices.”Practice ImplicationsOur research culminates in a 25‐item checklist that organizations can use to assess existing practices and identify security gaps requiring improvement.
Computational Fluid Dynamic Design of Jet Stirred Reactors for Measuring Intrinsic Kinetics of Gas‐Phase and Gas‐Solid Reactions
Authors: Reyniers Pieter A. , Sarris Stamatis A. , Marin Guy B. , Van Geem Kevin M. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTNonreactive and reactive computational fluid dynamic simulations were applied to optimize the design of a laboratory scale jet stirred reactor for measuring intrinsic kinetics of gas‐phase and gas‐solid reactions, i.e. kinetics determined by chemical steps only and not by heat or mass transfer. In the past these reactors were designed and tested based on empirical design criteria and residence time distribution experiments. This work shows that these do not always capture important local effects that are vital for kinetic studies. First the degree of macro–mixing was evaluated for three different geometries (down case, 45° case and 90° case) by performing in silico residence time distribution experiments at 900 K, showing that with these type of experiments only minor differences are observed. However, the ethane steam cracking simulations revealed major differences, with the 45° case being the most uniform in terms of temperature and the 90° case being by far the worst. The species nonuniformity in all geometries was acceptable and was in some cases even partly masked by important shortcut streams such as those observed in the 90° case. The existing gradients on the substrate surface are sufficiently small to be neglected in modeling efforts. As temperature is the major parameter determining the rate of the surface reactions, the 45° case is suggested as the best geometry for measuring intrinsic kinetics.
Sparse Neural Network Models of Antimicrobial Peptide‐Activity Relationships
Authors: Müller Alex T. , Kaymaz Aral C. , Gabernet Gisela , Posselt Gernot , Wessler Silja , Hiss Jan A. , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present an adaptive neural network model for chemical data classification. The method uses an evolutionary algorithm for optimizing the network structure by seeking sparsely connected architectures. The number of hidden layers, the number of neurons in each layer and their connectivity are free variables of the system. We used the method for predicting antimicrobial peptide activity from the amino acid sequence. Visualization of the evolved sparse network structures suggested a high charge density and a low aggregation potential in solution as beneficial for antimicrobial activity. However, different training data sets and peptide representations resulted in greatly varying network structures. Overall, the sparse network models turned out to be less accurate than fully‐connected networks. In a prospective application, we synthesized and tested 10 de novo generated peptides that were predicted to either possess antimicrobial activity, or to be inactive. Two of the predicted antibacterial peptides showed cosiderable bacteriostatic effects against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. None of the predicted inactive peptides possessed antibacterial properties. Molecular dynamics simulations of selected peptide structures in water and TFE suggest a pronounced peptide helicity in a hydrophobic environment. The results of this study underscore the applicability of neural networks for guiding the computer‐assisted design of new peptides with desired properties.
Paraparetic Guillain‐Barré syndrome: Nondemyelinating reversible conduction failure restricted to the lower limbs
Authors: Kimachi Takeshi , Yuki Nobuhiro , Kokubun Norito , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Wakerley Benjamin R. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Paraparetic Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare subtype of GBS characterized by leg weakness and areflexia in the absence of neurological involvement of the arms, cranial nerves, or respiratory muscles. Onset is characterized by lower back, buttock, or leg pain, followed by development of symmetric flaccid limb weakness in the absence of sensory disturbance. Methods: We describe an elderly woman who developed postinfectious symmetric flaccid leg weakness in the absence of sensory disturbance. Serial nerve conduction studies were carried out over 5 months. Results: Antecedent infection, a monophasic disease course, and the presence of cerebrospinal fluid albuminocytological dissociation suggested a diagnosis of paraparetic GBS. Serial nerve conduction studies demonstrated nondemyelinating reversible conduction failure, which was restricted to the legs. Axonal neuropathy was supported by the presence of anti‐GM1 IgG antibodies. Conclusions: These findings suggest that patients with paraparetic GBS have axonal neuropathy, which is restricted to the lower limbs. Muscle Nerve 55: 281–285, 2017
Profound clinical and radiological response to BRAF inhibition in a 2‐month‐old diencephalic child with hypothalamic/chiasmatic glioma
Authors: Lassaletta Alvaro , Guerreiro Stucklin Ana , Ramaswamy Vijay , Zapotocky Michal , McKeown Tara , Hawkins Cynthia , Bouffet Eric , Tabori Uri 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInfants with low‐grade glioma (LGG) have a poor survival. BRAFV600E mutation has been identified in pediatric LGG; however, the use of BRAF inhibitors in infants has never been reported. A 2‐month‐old with V600E mutant hypothalamic/chiasmatic glioma progressed on chemotherapy resulting in profound visual loss, massive ascites, and diencephalic syndrome. Initiation of dabrafenib resulted in rapid and sustained disappearance of clinical symptoms and a profound sustained cytoreduction. BRAF inhibition was safely tolerated with dramatic clinicoradiological response, suggesting early targeted therapy is a viable option in infants with LGG. A re‐evaluation of current management paradigms in this population is warranted to leverage the potential benefit of upfront‐targeted therapies.
The impact of adherence to inhaled drugs on 5‐year survival in COPD patients: a time dependent approach
Authors: Belleudi Valeria , Di Martino Mirko , Cascini Silvia , Kirchmayer Ursula , Pistelli Riccardo , Formoso Giulio , Fusco Danilo , Davoli Marina , Agabiti Nera ,   on behalf of the OUTPUL Study Group
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeWhether inhaled medications improve long‐term survival in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an open question. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of adherence to inhaled drug use on 5‐year survival in COPD.MethodsA population‐based cohort study in three Italian regions was conducted using healthcare linked datasets (hospitalization, mortality, drugs). Individuals (45+ years) discharged after COPD exacerbation in 2006–2009 were enrolled. Inhaled drug daily use during 5‐year follow‐up was determined through Proportion of Days Covered on the basis of Defined Daily Doses. Five levels of time‐dependent exposure were identified: (i) long‐acting β2 agonists and inhaled corticosteroids (LB/ICS) regular use; (ii) LB/ICS occasional use; (iii) LB regular use; (iv) LB occasional use; and (v) respiratory drugs other than LB. Cox regression models adjusted for baseline (socio‐demographic, comorbidities, drug use) and time‐dependent characteristics (COPD exacerbations, cardiovascular hospitalizations, cardiovascular therapy) were performed.ResultsA total of 12 124 individuals were studied, 46% women, mean age 73,8 years. Average follow‐up time 2,4 year. A total of 3415 subjects died (mortality rate = 11.9 per 100 person years). In comparison to LB/ICS regular use, higher risks of death for all remaining treatments were found, the highest risk for respiratory drugs other than LB category (HR = 1.63, 95%CI 1.43–1.87). Patients with regular LB use had higher survival than those with LB/ICS occasional use (HR = 0.89, 95%CI 0.79–0.99).ConclusionsThese findings support clinical guidelines and recommendations for the regular use of inhaled drugs to improve health status and prognosis among moderate–severe COPD patients. © 2016 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A novel kerf‐free wafering process combining stress‐induced spalling and low energy hydrogen implantation
Authors: Pingault Timothée , Pokam‐Kuisseu Pauline Sylvia , Ntsoenzok Esidor , Blondeau Jean‐Philippe , Ulyashin Alexander , Labrim Hicham , Belhorma Bouchra 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this work, we studied the potential use of low‐energy hydrogen implantation as a guide for the stress‐induced cleavage. Low‐energy, high fluence hydrogen implantation in silicon leads, in the right stiffening conditions, to the detachment of a thin layer, around a few hundreds nm thick, of monocrystalline silicon. We implanted monocrystalline silicon wafers with low‐energy hydrogen, and then glued them on a cheap metal layer. Upon cooling down, the stress induced by the stressor layers (hardened glue and metal) leads to the detachment of a thin silicon layer, which thickness is determined by the implantation energy. We were then able to clearly demonstrate that, as expected, hydrogen oversaturation layer is very efficient to guide the stress. Using such process, thin silicon layers of around 710 nm‐thick were successfully detached from low‐energy implanted silicon wafers. Such layers can be used for the growth of very good quality monocrystalline silicon of around 50 µm‐thick or less. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Grain boundary effect on lifetime in high performance multicrystalline silicon during solar cell processing
Authors: Adamczyk Krzysztof , Søndenå Rune , Mhamdi Mohammed , Autruffe Antoine , Stokkan Gaute , Sabatino Marisa Di 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHigh performance multicrystalline silicon wafers used in solar cell processing have been investigated with focus on quantification of the grain boundary effect on lifetime. The lifetime of a set of 16 wafers from different positions along the ingot and after different process steps – phosphorus gettering, SiNx:H layer deposition and firing – is measured by µPCD and compared with microstructural information from EBSD. This allows for analysis of the behaviour of grain boundaries and their influence on lifetime during solar cell processing. The minority carrier lifetime of HPMC‐Si wafers is not increased after the gettering step, but even reduced for some samples. It is shown that the lifetime in areas close to grain boundaries is reduced during the gettering step and this has a stronger effect on the average value than the improvement within the grains. Only wafers after both gettering and hydrogenation show an overall improvement in carrier lifetimes. However, in the regions close to the bottom of the ingot, wafers show lifetime degradation after the hydrogenation process. The results are used to obtain quantitative information on recombination velocity of grain boundaries. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nutritional impact of crude glycerine infusion into the rumen of wethers fed a tropical or a temperate forage grass
Authors: ZENI D. , KOZLOSKI G. V. , GINDRI M. , STEFANELLO S. , HENTZ F. , OLIVEIRA L. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe current study evaluated the nutritional impact of crude glycerine (CG) supplementation to wethers fed only forage grass. Eight Polwarth wethers were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square. Treatments consisted of no CG (control, CON) or intra-ruminal infusion of CG at daily rates of 0·5, 1·5 or 3·0 ml/kg body weight (BW). In each Latin Square, four animals were fedAvena strigosaand four were fedCynodonsp. hayad libitum. The actual concentration of glycerol in diet was similar for both forage types and varied from 21 to 364 g/kg dry matter. No interactions between forage type and CG treatments were detected and no differences were observed between the CON and 0·5 CG treatment for most variables. Both the organic matter (OM) and the digestible OM intake decreased linearly at increased levels of CG infusion, whereas no treatment effect was observed on OM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility. The duodenal flow of rumen microbial nitrogen (N) was not affected, whereas the duodenal flow of α-amino N decreased linearly at increased levels of CG infusion. In conclusion, CG supplementation at a rate of up to 0·5 ml/kg BW/day did not change the nutrient supply whereas greater amounts of CG supplementation negatively impacted the nutrient supply to wethers fed only grass forage. The forage digestibility, in turn, was not affected by CG supplementation.
Mutual dilution of infection by an introduced parasite in native and invasive stream fishes across Hawaii
Authors: GAGNE RODERICK B. , HEINS DAVID C. , MCINTYRE PETER B. , GILLIAM JAMES F. , BLUM MICHAEL J. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe presence of introduced hosts can increase or decrease infections of co-introduced parasites in native species of conservation concern. In this study, we compared parasite abundance, intensity, and prevalence between nativeAwaous stamineusand introduced poeciliid fishes by a co-introduced nematode parasite (Camallanus cotti) in 42 watersheds across the Hawaiian Islands. We found that parasite abundance, intensity and prevalence were greater in native than introduced hosts. Parasite abundance, intensity and prevalence withinA. stamineusvaried between years, which largely reflected a transient spike in infection in three remote watersheds on Molokai. At each site we measured host factors (length, density of native host, density of introduced host) and environmental factors (per cent agricultural and urban land use, water chemistry, watershed area and precipitation) hypothesized to influenceC. cottiabundance, intensity and prevalence. Factors associated with parasitism differed between native and introduced hosts. Notably, parasitism of native hosts was higher in streams with lower water quality, whereas parasitism of introduced hosts was lower in streams with lower water quality. We also found that parasite burdens were lower in both native and introduced hosts when coincident. Evidence of a mutual dilution effect indicates that introduced hosts can ameliorate parasitism of native fishes by co-introduced parasites, which raises questions about the value of remediation actions, such as the removal of introduced hosts, in stemming the rise of infectious disease in species of conservation concern.