bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of magnetosphere disturbances on particle fluxes measured by ground-based detectors
Authors: Chilingarian A. , Karapetyan T. , Sargsyan B. , Asatryan K. , Gabaryan G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study examines how the Earth's surface particle fluxes are modulated by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) carried by coronal mass ejections (ICME). Our findings underscore the role of magnetic reconnection in allowing low-energy galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) to penetrate the magnetosphere, leading to enhanced secondary particle fluxes through reduced cutoff rigidity —a phenomenon known as the magnetospheric effect (ME). In contrast, the Forbush decrease (FD) driven by the scalar magnetic field strength results in significant particle flux reductions. On May 10–11, 2024, the FD, directly linked to the enormous geomagnetic storm (GMS), was complicated by the simultaneous registration of secondary particles from the solar energetic particle (SEP) event, which was energetic enough to generate secondary particles in space and on the ground, leading to increases in detector count rates, known as ground-level enhancements (GLEs). Using new experimental facilities, we reveal that secondary particles during ME events release up to 10 MeV energy (maximum energy of approximately 10 MeV), whereas, during FD and GLE events, the energy release extends to 100 MeV (maximum energy of approximately 100 MeV). These insights contribute to refining event classification schemes and predictive models of space weather.
Obesity Is Associated With Hyperandrogenemia in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Girls Aged 6 to 18 Years
Authors: Kim Su Hee , Pannone Aaron F , DeBoer Mark D , McCartney Christopher R , Burt Solorzano Christine M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Studies have associated obesity with peripubertal hyperandrogenemia. However, these studies were performed in academic centers and could have been influenced by selection bias.

Objective
To investigate if free testosterone levels are elevated in peripubertal girls with obesity.

Design/Setting
We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016 databases.

Participants
1299 girls aged 6-18 years residing in the United States.

Main Outcome Measures
Mean free testosterone concentration (calculated from total testosterone and SHBG).

Results
Among girls aged 6 to 9 years, mean (95% confidence interval) free testosterone was 0.33 pg/mL (0.28-0.38) in healthy-weight girls vs 0.86 pg/mL (0.67-1.05) in girls with obesity. Among girls aged 10 to 14 years, free testosterone was 2.29 pg/mL (2.05-2.53) in healthy-weight girls vs 4.10 pg/mL (3.60-4.60) in girls with obesity. Among girls aged 15 to 18 years, free testosterone was 3.33 pg/mL (2.96-3.70) in healthy-weight girls and 5.64 pg/mL (4.93-6.36) in girls with obesity. Girls with obesity in all age groups had higher free testosterone levels compared to healthy-weight girls. In each age group, the 95% confidence intervals for free testosterone did not overlap between healthy weight vs obesity subgroups. A multiple regression model accounted for 42% of the variance in free testosterone (R2 = 0.42), and both weight and age categories were independent predictors of free testosterone (P &lt; .0001 for each).

Conclusion
In a nationally representative sample of US girls, obesity is associated with elevated free testosterone, suggesting an important relationship between obesity and peripubertal hyperandrogenemia.
Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Treatment in Females With T2DM and CVD: Developments and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: LeBlanc Erin S , Brooks Neon , Davies Melinda , Chatterjee Ranee 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
There are large disparities in the impact of diabetes on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and outcomes by sex and gender. Achieving health equity requires understanding risks and medication efficacy in female patients, especially now, as novel pharmacologic treatments are transforming the diabetes and CVD treatment landscape. This review examines 2 bodies of research that can inform sex differences in CVD in patients with diabetes: female-specific risk factors for CVD and sex-related limitations of clinical trial research in evaluating novel diabetes and CVD treatments.

Methods
Two literature searches were performed using Ovid Medline(R) All. The first retrieved manuscripts covering sex and gender differences related to CVD risk and therapies and diabetes. The second focused on randomized controlled trial data on sex/gender differences and GLP-1/SGLT-2/DPP-4 drugs.

Results
Female-specific risk factors for CVD include early menarche, premature or early menopause, irregular cycles and polycystic ovary syndrome; pregnancy; adverse pregnancy outcomes; history of breast cancer; and autoimmune diseases. Clinical trials of novel pharmacological treatments for diabetes and CVD have undersampled female populations, and clinical characteristics of male and female participants have differed significantly. Thus, evidence to evaluate potential sex differences in treatment efficacy and side effects has been lacking.

Conclusion
To improve health of female patients with diabetes, sex-specific cardiovascular risk factors should be taken into account in screening and treatment decisions. Further, studies of cardiovascular and diabetes medications must ensure adequate representation by sex and report participant characteristics and outcomes by sex.
Progressive 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Insufficiency as Kidney Function Declines
Authors: Uslar Thomas , Newman Andrew J , Tapia-Castillo Alejandra , Carvajal Cristian A , Fardella Carlos E , Allende Fidel , Solari Sandra , Tsai Laura C , Milks Julia , Cherney Michael , Stouffer David G , Auchus Richard , Brown Jenifer M , Baudrand René , Vaidya Anand 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
It has been postulated that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a state of relative 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2) insufficiency, resulting in increased cortisol-mediated mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation. We hypothesized that relative 11βHSD2 insufficiency manifests across a wide spectrum of progressively declining kidney function, including within the normal range.

Methods
Adult participants were recruited at 2 academic centers. A discovery cohort (n = 500) enrolled individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ranging from normal to CKD stage 5, in whom serum cortisol-to-cortisone (F/E) was measured as a biomarker of 11βHSD2 activity. A validation cohort (n = 101) enrolled only individuals with normal kidney function (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in whom 11βHSD2 activity was assessed via serum F/E and 11-hydroxy-to-11-keto androgen (11OH/K) ratios following multiple maneuvers: oral sodium suppression test, dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and ACTH-stimulation test (ACTHstim).

Results
In the discovery cohort, lower eGFR was associated with higher F/E (P-trend &lt; .001). Similarly, in the validation cohort, with normal eGFR, an inverse association between eGFR and both F/E and 11OH/K ratios was observed (P-trend &lt; .01), which persisted following DST (P-trend &lt; .001) and ACTHstim (P-trend &lt; .05). The fractional excretion of potassium, a marker of renal MR activity, was higher with higher F/E (P-trend &lt; .01) and with lower eGFR (P-trend &lt; .0001).

Conclusion
A continuum of declining 11βHSD2 activity was observed with progressively lower eGFR in individuals spanning a wide spectrum of kidney function, including those with apparently normal kidney function. These findings implicate cortisol-mediated MR activation in the pathophysiology of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in CKD.
Laparoscopic Duodenum and Spleen-Preserving Subtotal or Total Pancreatectomy: A Parenchyma-Sparing Strategy for Main Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (with Video)
Authors: Li Zheng , Shi Yihua , Tang Wenjie , Chen Chen , Liu Wensheng , Zhuo Qifeng , Ji Shunrong , Zhou Chenjie , Yu Xianjun , Xu Xiaowu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
For premalignant main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (MD-IPMN), laparoscopic duodenum and spleen-preserving subtotal or total pancreatectomy (LDSP-STP/TP) seems to be a viable option for parenchyma-sparing pancreatectomy.

Patients and Methods
On the basis of the imaging features, family history, genomic alterations, intraoperative ultrasound examination, and frozen section evaluation, we have proposed patient selection strategies for the LDSP-STP/TP technique for the first time. Additionally, a comprehensive step-by-step overview of this technique has been provided. To date, we have performed five LDSP-STP procedures and one LDSP-TP procedure.

Results
We successfully performed selective resection of the affected pancreatic parenchyma while preserving the duodenum, common bile duct (CBD), spleen, and splenic artery and vein. The operation time ranged from 295 to 495 min, with blood loss ranging from 100 to 300 mL. Postoperative pathological results revealed low-grade dysplasia in the resected pancreatic samples and margins. The patients resumed eating within 3–5 days after surgery, and all postoperative complications were classified as grade I according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. At the 3-month follow-up, there were no cases of CBD ischemic stenosis, splenic ischemia, or pseudocyst formation observed. For patients who received LDSP-STP, the longitudinal diameter of the remaining pancreatic tail ranged from 2.2 to 4.6 cm, and they demonstrated satisfactory long-term blood glycemic control.

Conclusions
LDSP-STP/TP demonstrates technical feasibility and safety. It allows for the selective resection of the affected pancreatic parenchyma, thereby minimizing the impact of pancreatic functional impairment. However, it is crucial to validate this technique through long-term prospective observations.
ECONOMIA DE FRANCISCO E CLARA
Authors: Santos Márcio Júnior Braga dos , Luna Sóstenes 
Published: September 2024

Este artigo pretende apresentar a Economia de Francisco e Clara, proposta do Papa Francisco para realmar a economia. Considerando os diversos problemas sociais enfrentados pelos povos, muitos deles causados pelo sistema econômico vigente, busca-se uma economia centrada nos seres humanos, no planeta e em todas as outras vidas que nele habitam. Por meio de pesquisa e revisão com enfoque teórico e bibliográfico e uso do método hipotético-dedutivo, entende-se que a economia atual carece de alternativas para que se torne sustentável, e a Economia de Francisco e Clara apresenta contundentes críticas e possibilidades para o cuidado da vida, por meio da economia.
The Skin's Sun Story: Risks and Precautions
Authors: Krzesłowska Wiktoria Julia , Szewczyk Kamila , Pytel Paulina , Szewczyk Bartłomiej , Wiśniewski Szymon , Hołowni Weronika 
Published: September 2024

Background: The skin, representing the largest organ in the human body, serves numerous funtions crucial for homeostasis, as well as acts as the primary physical barrier protecting the organism from external environmental factors such as microorganisms, mechanical damage, heat or cold exposure, toxins, as well as solar radiation, posing various risks to the skin, including sunburn, photoageing and skin malignancies.
Objectives: This study aims to explore the effects of solar radiation on the skin and to discuss preventive measures against its negative influence on the skin. Methods: An exhaustive search of references related to sun exposure and skin published in PubMed was undertaken, using the search terms: "solar exposure and skin, ultraviolet radiation and skin, visible light and skin, sunscreen, photoprotection”.
Conclusions: Solar radiation, particularly ultraviolet radiation (UVR), induces acute and chronic damage to the skin, leading to conditions such as sunburn, photoaging, and skin malignancies. However, adequate exposure to sunlight is crucial for the synthesis of vitamin D3, which plays essential roles in calcium homeostasis, immune function, and potentially other physiological processes. Strategies such as proper sunscreen use and other photoprotection methods can mitigate the adverse effects of solar radiation while allowing for sufficient vitamin D synthesis.
Physical Activity as a Protective Factor Against Depression Incidence and as a Treatment for Depression
Authors: Oluszczak Karolina , Korta Karolina , Szeliga Anna , Szostak Agata , Wawszkowicz Konrad , Śmigielska-Mikołajczyk Maria Janina , Dyląg Liliana , Łowicka Weronika , Szopińska Kinga , Graca Magdalena 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction:
Depression is one of the most common and serious mental health disorders that negatively affects how you feel, think, and act. This syndrome is characterized by stress and emotion dysregulation, involving compromised structural integrity of frontal-limbic networks.It causes persistent feelings of sadness and a lack of interest in activities once enjoyed. Effective treatments, including therapy and medication, are available and can help manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. The aspect of physical activity as a component of depression treatment is currently being intensively studied.
Purpose of work:
This work provides a review of the knowledge on the relationship between physical activity and depression.
Summary:
Depression has a profound impact on the personal life, relationships, and work of those affected by the condition. Pharmacological and psychological interventions remain the cornerstone of treatment. However, these treatments do not produce the desired effects in all patients. This article presents the conclusion that physical exercise, as an alternative method for preventing and treating depression, is effective. The recent literature also suggests significant mental health benefits from being physically active, even at levels below the public health recommendations. Therefore, health practitioners should encourage any increase in physical activity to enhance mental health.
¡Mamíferos silvestres en Iztapalapa!
Authors: Márquez-Villalba Galo Ludwig , Martínez-Coronel Matías 
Published: September 2024

Sabías que al oriente de la Ciudad de México está Iztapalapa, que es el municipio o alcaldía más poblado, con 1,835,486 y la que tiene la mayor densidad poblacional, con 16 152.3 hab./km2 de la ciudad, entre otros méritos. En Iztapalapa la falta de agua es frecuente y de mala calidad, el terreno sufre hundimientos y fracturas constantes debido a la extracción de agua del subsuelo, lo que implica un costo alto de mantenimiento de las casas-habitación. A pesar de ello, en Iztapalapa son frecuentes las invasiones de terrenos para habitar, y casi ningún espacio municipal o federal se ha salvado de esta práctica nociva, incluyendo las denominadas áreas naturales protegidas que han perdido buena parte de sus espacios ante los invasores disfrazados de desarrolladores urbanos. En el oriente de la Ciudad de México, se localizan dos áreas naturales protegidas que se ubican en Iztapalapa, El Cerro de la Estrella y la Sierra de Santa Catarina, así como un pequeño cerro, el Peñón del Marqués o Peñón Viejo, que por su terreno deleznable se ha resistido a ser completamente invadido. En este mar de casas, estos tres accidentes geológicos funcionan como islas que albergan fauna y flora silvestres nativos del Valle de México.
Breaking the silence of female genital schistosomiasis in Ghana’s health system: A case of health workers within the FAST project
Authors: Gyapong Margaret , Dalaba Maxwell Ayindenaba , Immurana Mustapha , Manyeh Alfred Kwesi , Arogundade Kazeem , Jacobson Julie , Krentel Alison 
Published: September 2024

Background
Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) remains a critical and yet neglected topics in Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), significantly affecting the health of women and girls worldwide. Health workers’ knowledge of FGS is vital to the prevention and management of the disease. This study adopted an implementation research approach to identify and address the existing knowledge gap regarding FGS among healthcare workers in Ghana.

Methods
This study was a 3-year (2020–2022) implementation research applying a pragmatic uncontrolled quasi-experimental study design. The study involved a baseline assessment, FGS training intervention for health workers and student nurses, distribution of FGS educational materials, and an endline assessment. A mixed-method approach was applied to data collection involving health workers from two schistosomiasis endemic districts and across the country. NVIVO 12 and STATA 14 were used for qualitative and quantitative data analysis, respectively.

Results
Prior to the intervention, the level of awareness about FGS among health workers was less than 8%, and most participants only understood FGS as merely urogenital schistosomiasis in females. In response to this gap, an FGS education intervention in the form of training of health workers, student nurses alongside the distribution of FGS educational materials were carried out. The intervention enhanced health workers’ awareness of FGS to more than 61%, encompassing an enhanced understanding of the disease’s signs and symptoms to more than 60%, as well as its management strategies. However, access to praziquantel, the primary treatment, remained a significant challenge.

Conclusions
The FGS intervention effectively raised healthcare workers’ awareness and knowledge. Expanding training and improving praziquantel access are essential for optimal FGS management. A multi-faceted approach involving individuals, communities, and the healthcare system is necessary for comprehensive FGS prevention and control.
Competencies needed for public health workforce in the programs of Iran’s health transformation plan: A descriptive study based on programs, operations, and competencies chain
Authors: Mohammadi Parvin , Fadaei Dehcheshmeh Nayeb 
Published: September 2024

Background and purpose
The public health workforce faces a wide range of challenges related to people’s health. Thus, they need a combination of different professional skills and competencies to perform essential public health operations and provide services to people. The present study was conducted to determine the competencies needed for the public health workforce to implement health transformation plan programs at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in the capital of Khuzestan province in Iran.

Methods
This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2020 among 51 managers and experts of the health deputy and faculty members of the public health school. STROBE guideline was used for the present study. The research tools were two researcher-made questionnaires based on the chain of Programs, Operations, and Competencies (POC). Additionally, the validity and reliability of the questionnaires were checked. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was equal to 0.87 for the first questionnaire (programs-operations) and 0.85 for the second questionnaire (operations-competencies).

Results
The operations of surveillance of population health and well-being, monitoring and responding to health hazards and emergencies, and disease prevention, including early detection of illness, obtained the highest mean total score (3.9 (95% CI: 3.6 to 4.2)). Respect for and adherence to ethical principles and confidentiality in any professional activity obtained the highest mean total score (4.0 (95% CI: 3.7 to 4.3)) among the needed competencies.

Conclusion
To properly implement public health programs, managers must plan and take necessary measures to improve such operations as surveillance of population health and well-being, monitoring and responding to health hazards and emergencies, disease prevention (including early detection of illness), and promotion of the workforce competencies in the field of respect for and adherence to ethical principles and confidentiality in any professional activity.
Healthcare workers’ perspectives on diabetic foot complications among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Fiji
Authors: Saverio Suliana , Mohammadnezhad Masoud , Raikanikoda Filimone 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
Diabetic Foot Complications (DFCs) are a growing cause of morbidity and mortality with less than one third of physicians able to discern the signs of diabetes related peripheral neuropathy. DFCs and resultant amputations account for a considerable proportion of surgeries in Fiji, with very limited literature available to verify the factors that influence these alarming figures. This study aimed to explore Health Care Workers’ (HCWs) perspectives on diabetic foot complications and challenges of foot care management in Fiji.

Method
An exploratory descriptive qualitative design was used among HCWs at the Sigatoka Sub Divisional Hospital (SDH), Fiji in 2021. HCWs at the SDH were required to have a minimum work experience of at least six months in public health. All participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected using a focus group discussion guide composed of semi-structured open-ended questions to guide the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Focus discussions were audio recorded and transcribed with thematic analysis applied to derive the themes and sub-themes outlined in the study.

Results
Twenty HCWs participated in four FGDs with four major themes identified. The first theme was HCWs’ perceptions and practice of foot care which revealed that all participants had adequate diabetic foot care knowledge. The second theme was factors affecting foot care which was mainly focused on identified barriers such as inadequate patient foot care knowledge, the lack of resources such as manpower, and health system challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic. The third theme is creating awareness among patients and HCWs to improve foot care practices. The fourth theme is strengthening foot care practices at the different levels of health care that is aimed at optimizing diabetic foot outcomes.

Conclusion
Various foot care barriers namely patient factors and the lack of resources is a concern depicted in this study. There is a need to address health system barriers and enforce diabetic foot education, screening and care for patients and the community.