bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What lessons can be learned from the US archivist’s digital mandate for 2019 and is there potential for applying them in lower resource countries?
Authors: Baron Jason R. , Thurston Anne 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to present a high-level summary of the US archivist’s digital mandate for 2019, embodied in the publication “Managing Government Records”, issued on August 24, 2012, and a summary of US policy. The authors then consider the implications of the US e-recordkeeping initiative for lower-resource countries.

Design/methodology/approach
After setting out key elements of the US Archivist’s digital mandate, the paper proceeds to evaluate its policy implications for lower-resource countries based on the authors’ field experience and knowledge of case studies.

Findings
The USA is embarking on a state of the art approach for managing public sector archives in a digital form, with deadlines approaching for all federal agencies to manage e-mail and other e-records. Although a similar need exists in lesser-resourced countries, there are enormous barriers to successful implementation of a similar approach.

Research limitations/implications
The archivist’s 2019 digital mandate assumes that the technology sector will embrace the needs of public sector agencies in working on applicable electronic archiving solutions.

Practical implications
The Archivist’s Directive has the potential to be an enormous driver of change in the records management profession with respect to future management of increasingly digital archive collections. Vast collections of public sector e-mail and other forms of e-records potentially will be preserved under the directive, raising the stakes that archivists and records managers work on solutions in the area of long-term preservation and future access.

Social implications
The importance of capturing the activities of public-sector institutions in all countries for the purpose of openness, transparency and access cannot be overstated. In an increasingly digital age, new methods are needed to ensure that the historical record of governmental institutions is preserved and made accessible.

Originality/value
The US Archivist’s mandate represents a cutting-edge approach to long-term digital archiving with potential future applicability to the management of public sector records worldwide.
Factors influencing the scope of private party’s obligations in concession-based PPP projects in Nigeria
Authors: Opawole Akintayo , Jagboro Godwin Onajite 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– Little success had been recorded on concession-based public private partnership contracts in Nigeria for reasons attributable in part to poor assessment of the socio-cultural and economic factors that contribute to the parties’ costs while preparing contract packages. The purpose of this paper is to assess the factors which significantly influence the private party’s obligations and costs in a concession-based contract thereby enhancing the robust assessment of contract packages when bidding by private investors.

Design/methodology/approach
– The assessment was based on primary data obtained through questionnaire survey. Structured questionnaire was administered on professionals comprising architects, estate surveyors, quantity surveyors, engineers and builders, accountants/bankers/economists and lawyers who had been involved in concession-based contracts in the Southwestern Nigeria, selected using respondent-driven sampling approach. Factors evaluated were those identified through in-depth literature review and brainstorming of those pertinent to concession transaction in Nigeria. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics including mean, relative significance index, impact weighting and factor analysis.

Findings
– Significant factors that influence private party’s cost were found to be political interference, delay in land acquisition, variation to the contract and non-availability of supportive infrastructure.

Originality/value
– Findings provided information for structuring concession contract for effective management of country-specific characteristics in concession contract. The understanding of the factors that affect private party’s obligations and costs would guide effective assessment of concession contract in developing economies by foreign investors. Moreover, the study provided implication for the understating of country-specific factors affecting concession contract in Nigeria which would contribute to robust assessment of contract packages when bidding by private investors.
Implications of Variation in the Relationships between Beneficiary Characteristics and Medicare Advantage CAHPS Measures
Authors: Hatfield Laura A. , Zaslavsky Alan M. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo study how differences in quality score adjustments across Medicare Advantage contracts change comparisons for individuals and contracts.Data SourcesResponses to the Medicare Advantage implementation of the Consumer Assessments of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) survey from 2010 to 2014.Study DesignWe fit national‐and state‐level hierarchical models to predict CAHPS scores for individuals and contracts, adjusted for self‐reported education, general health, and mental health. We allow the effects of these variables on quality measures to vary across contracts with a hierarchical model.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe perform secondary data analysis.Principal FindingsFor average consumers, standard adjustment is sufficient to represent variation in contract quality standardized to a common population. For people with characteristics far from average, personalized reporting using their characteristics and contract‐specific coefficients can substantially change the expected quality measures across contracts. This effect is stronger when comparing among contracts within a state than across all contracts.ConclusionsCustomized reporting may help consumers select the best Medicare Advantage plan, but policies should protect against unintended consequences.
Preclinical Assessment of Safety and Efficacy of Fluorescent Dye for Detecting Dermal Injuries (the injuries were both abrasions and incision) in a Murine Model
Authors: Bruce Anthony C. , Cao Yiqi , Henry Catherine , Peirce Shayn M. , Laughon Kathryn 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjective documentation of tears and abrasions to the external genitalia after sexual assault is an important part of the forensic examination. A 1% aqueous solution of toluidine blue (TB) dye is often used to highlight injury, but the dye can be difficult to see on dark skin. We evaluated a fluorescent dye for detecting injuries on all skin colors in a relevant preclinical murine model. We compared the ability of trained, blinded observers to detect unstained wounds and wounds stained with 1% fluorescein sodium (FL) and with TB. We also evaluated the cutaneous wound healing response after application of both dyes. The no‐dye group had significantly fewer (p < 0.05) true‐positive identifications compared to all the dye groups. No differences in effectiveness were detected between dye treatments. All groups exhibited statistically similar healing rates. These findings support the evaluation of fluorescein sodium in a future clinical study with human subjects.
A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study on Interleukin‐6 Removal and Induction by a new Hemodialyzer With Improved Biocompatibility in Hemodialysis Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kakuta Takatoshi , Komaba Hirotaka , Takagi Nobuyoshi , Takahashi Yuichiro , Suzuki Hajime , Hyodo Toru , Nagaoka Mikako , Tanaka Reika , Iwao Soichiro , Ishida Mari , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Saito Akira , Fukagawa Masafumi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe compared interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) removal and induction between conventional polysulfone (Con) and TORAYLIGHT NV (NV) dialyzers in hemodialysis patients. Twenty patients on Con with high IL‐6 concentrations (2.7–8.5 pg/mL) were randomized to Con or NV group. Dialyzer performance was determined in NV group while patients were on Con and after being switched onto NV. Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA) response index (ERI) was assessed every 4 months for one year. IL‐6 clearance was comparable between Con and NV. IL‐6 removal rates were comparable for the first 1 h, but were higher with NV for the entire session (P = 0.03). Before‐to‐during‐dialysis IL‐6 concentration ratios were lower with NV on the venous side after the session (P = 0.03). During the one‐year study, hemoglobin was lower in Con group than in NV group at month 8 (P = 0.046). ERI decreased in NV and increased in Con group, with a significant difference between the groups (P = 0.002). NV and Con are comparable in removing IL‐6 and both induce IL‐6. However, the data suggest that NV induces less IL‐6, which may reduce the risk of ESA hyporesponsiveness.
Digital palpation of the pilot balloon vs. continuous manometry for controlling the intracuff pressure in laryngeal mask airways
Authors: Hensel M. , Güldenpfennig T. , Schmidt A. , Krumm M. , Kerner T. , Kox W. J. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis study compared two methods of controlling the intracuff pressure in laryngeal mask airways. One hundred and eighty patients were randomly assigned into two groups. In the first group (n = 90), after training, the intracuff pressure was controlled using digital palpation of the pilot balloon. In the second group (n = 90), continuous manometry was used to control the intracuff pressure. An upper pressure limit of 60 cmH2O was set. The median (IQR [range]) intracuff pressure in the palpation group was 130 (125–130 [120–130]) cmH2O compared with 29 (20–39 [5–60]) cmH2O in the manometry group (p < 0.001). In the palpation group, 37% of patients experienced pharyngolaryngeal complications vs. 12% in the manometry group (p < 0.001). We conclude that the digital palpation technique is not a suitable alternative to manometry in controlling the intracuff pressure in laryngeal mask airways.
Cognitive decline in the elderly after surgery and anaesthesia: results from the Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA) cohort
Authors: Patel D. , Lunn A. D. , Smith A. D. , Lehmann D. J. , Dorrington K. L. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryConcerns have been raised about the effects on cognition of anaesthesia for surgery, especially in elderly people. We recorded cognitive decline in a cohort of 394 people (198 women) with median (IQR) age at recruitment of 72.6 (66.6–77.8) years, of whom 109 had moderate or major surgery during a median (IQR) follow‐up of 4.1 (2.0–7.6) years. Cognitive decline was more rapid in people who on recruitment were: older, p = 0.0003; male, p = 0.027; had worse cognition, p < 0.0001; or carried the ε4 allele of apoliprotein E (APOEε4), p = 0.008; and after an operation if cognitive impairment was already diagnosed, p = 0.0001. Cognitive decline appears to accelerate after surgery in elderly patients diagnosed with cognitive impairment, but not other elderly patients.
Simulator evaluation of a prototype device to reduce medication errors in anaesthesia
Authors: Khan S. A. , Khan S. , Kothandan H. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryWe undertook a randomised control led trial to evaluate the effect of a prototype device which attaches to the intravenous drug administration port, and allows injection of intravenous drugs only after the user scans the barcode on the syringe label. This requires two steps: first, that the correct drug label is generated; and second, that the syringe‐with‐label is scanned before administration. Ten anaesthetists, who were unaware of the primary outcome being measured, administered general anaesthesia for two simulated standardised cases each without and with our prototype (control and intervention, respectively). The primary outcome measured was compliance with a safe drug administration procedure (defined as a two‐step procedure where, step one is scanning a drug ampoule to print a label for a syringe and step two is scanning of the labelled syringe before administering it intravenously). A total of 182 intravenous drug administrations occurred in the study (91 in each group). We found that the use of our prototype increased safe drug administration behaviour in experienced anaesthetists; 33 (36.3% [95% CI 26–47%]) vs. 91 (100% [95% CI 96–100%]) in the control and intervention groups, respectively (p = 0.0001).
Value of 3‐Tesla multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and targeted biopsy for improved risk stratification in patients considered for active surveillance
Authors: Pessoa Rodrigo R. , Viana Publio C. , Mattedi Romulo L. , Guglielmetti Giuliano B. , Cordeiro Mauricio D. , Coelho Rafael F. , Nahas William C. , Srougi Miguel 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate and transrectal ultrasonography guided biopsy (TRUS‐Bx) with visual estimation in early risk stratification of patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance (AS).Patients and MethodsPatients with low‐risk, low‐grade, localised prostate cancer were prospectively enrolled and submitted to a 3‐T 16‐channel cardiac surface coil mpMRI of the prostate and confirmatory biopsy (CBx), which included a standard biopsy (SBx) and visual estimation‐guided TRUS‐Bx. Cancer‐suspicious regions were defined using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) scores. Reclassification occurred if CBx confirmed the presence of a Gleason score ≥7, greater than three positive fragments, or ≥50% involvement of any core. The performance of mpMRI for the prediction of CBx results was assessed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to study relationships between age, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, PSA density (PSAD), number of positive cores in the initial biopsy, and mpMRI grade on CBx reclassification. Our report is consistent with the Standards of Reporting for MRI‐targeted Biopsy Studies (START) guidelines.ResultsIn all, 105 patients were available for analysis in the study. From this cohort, 42 (40%) had PI‐RADS 1, 2, or 3 lesions and 63 (60%) had only grade 4 or 5 lesions. Overall, 87 patients underwent visual estimation TRUS‐Bx. Reclassification among patients with PI‐RADS 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 was 0%, 23.1%, 9.1%, 74.5%, and 100%, respectively. Overall, mpMRI sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for disease reclassification were 92.5%, 76%, 81%, and 90.5%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, only PSAD and mpMRI remained significant for reclassification (P < 0.05). In the cross‐tabulation, SBx would have missed 15 significant cases detected by targeted biopsy, but SBx did detect five cases of significant cancer not detected by targeted biopsy alone.ConclusionMultiparametric magnetic resonance imaging is a significant tool for predicting cancer severity reclassification on CBx among AS candidates. The reclassification rate on CBx is particularly high in the group of patients who have PI‐RADS grades 4 or 5 lesions. Despite the usefulness of visual‐guided biopsy, it still remains highly recommended to retrieve standard fragments during CBx in order to avoid missing significant tumours.
Robust anti‐nociceptive effects of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition in a model of osteoarthritis pain
Authors: Burston James J , Mapp Paul I , Sarmad Sarir , Barrett David A , Niphakis Micah J , Cravatt Benjamin F , Walsh David A , Chapman Victoria 
Published: August 2016

Background and PurposeChronic pain is often a symptom of knee osteoarthritis (OA) for which current analgesics are either inadequate or are associated with serious side effects. The endocannabinoid system may offer alternative targets for pain relief. We evaluated the effects of a potent and selective monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipase inhibitor (MJN110) on OA pain behaviour, spinal mechanisms of action and joint histopathology in the rat.Experimental ApproachIntra‐articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) models OA pain and mimics clinical joint pathology. Effects of MJN110 on MIA‐induced weight‐bearing asymmetry and lowered paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs), changes in spinal gene expression and brain levels of relevant lipids were determined.Key ResultsAcute MJN110 (5 mg·kg−1) significantly reversed MIA‐induced weight‐bearing asymmetry (MIA/vehicle: 68 ± 6 g; MIA/MJN110: 35 ± 4 g) and lowered ipsilateral PWTs (MIA/vehicle: 7 ± 0.8 g; MIA/MJN110: 11 ± 0.6 g), via both CB1 and CB2 receptors. Repeated treatment with MJN110 (5 mg·kg−1) resulted in anti‐nociceptive tolerance. A lower dose of MJN110 (1 mg·kg−1) acutely inhibited pain behaviour, which was maintained for 1 week of repeated administration but had no effect on joint histology. MJN110 significantly inhibited expression of membrane‐associated PGE synthase‐1 in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord of MIA rats, compared with vehicle‐treated MIA rats. Both doses of MJN110 significantly elevated brain levels of the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur data support further assessment of the therapeutic potential of MAG lipase inhibitors for the treatment of OA pain.
‘They didn't tell me anything; they just sent me home’: children's participation in the return home
Authors: Mateos Ainoa , Vaquero Eduard , Balsells M. Angels , Ponce Carmen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe reality of child protection systems typically demonstrates a lack of attention to the voices of children. There are studies that confirm this fact and offer evidence of the benefits of participation, but gaps remain regarding the elements and processes that favour it. This qualitative study attempts to contribute to knowledge in this area through a detailed analysis of the perspectives of the actors involved and the role that children play in the return home.This article analyses the elements involved in the participation of the children when a return home is proposed after a period of family or residential foster care. As part of the study, 18 semi‐structured interviews were conducted and 22 discussion groups were created with a total of 135 participants (63 child protection services workers, 42 parents and 30 children and adolescents). The data were analysed using a content analysis process and underwent a peer review process in Atlas.ti. The results indicate that the participation of children and adolescents in the return home centres around (i) understanding the return home, (ii) strategies and emotional processes and (iii) social support.
Displaying the ‘professional self’: the impact of social workers' performance and practice on kinship carers' own children
Authors: Cooper Karin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLimited research has been conducted in relation to social work and the impact upon kinship carers' own children in a UK context. This paper argues that pressure from government policy imperatives and organizational priorities creates tension and conflict in the professional self in the context of kinship care and with kinship carers' own children. It will examine the professional self through social work narratives utilising the two concepts economy of performance and ecology of practice. This paper focuses upon data from four focus groups and 16 semi‐structured interviews carried out with 29 social workers within one local authority in the north of England. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Only data related to the professional self are examined. The discussion explores how social workers attempted to navigate the tension in their everyday practice. It illuminates the impact upon their performance in kinship care and implications for practice with carers' own children. The conclusion reveals the need for social workers to create a space within which kinship carers' own children's voices are heard.
Dynamics of gyrification in the human cerebral cortex during development
Authors: Yoshida Ririko , Ishizu Koichi , Yamada Shigehito , Uwabe Chigako , Okada Tomohisa , Togashi Kaori , Takakuwa Tetsuya 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study quantitatively characterized cortical gyrus folding over human neocortical development by calculating the gyrification index (GI) in 22 human fetal specimens from 16 to 40 weeks with magnetic resonance imaging data. GI values remained constant at approximately 1.0 until the fetal specimens reached 500 g body weight and 200 mm crown‐rump length (CRL), respectively, and then increased in correlation with the body weight and CRL. The rostrocaudal GI distribution in the cerebral cortex revealed a correspondence of GI peaks with indentations of early‐generated primary sulci at 21 weeks of gestation and more frequently increased GI values in the parieto‐occipital region than in the fronto‐temporal region at 31 and 40 weeks of gestation. These results provide a quantitative reference set for gyrification in normal human cortical development, which may help reveal the mechanism of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Myeloproliferative neoplasms: trends in incidence, prevalence and survival in Norway
Authors: Roaldsnes Christina , Holst René , Frederiksen Henrik , Ghanima Waleed 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundPolycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and myelofibrosis (MF) are clonal disorders collectively named as myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Published data on epidemiology of MPN after the discovery of the JAK2 mutation and the 2008 WHO classifications are scarce. We aimed to study the incidence rates, prevalence and survival of MPN in Norway during the period 1993–2012.MethodWe identified 2453 persons diagnosed with MPN from the Cancer Registry of Norway between 1993 and 2012. We report age‐adjusted incidence rates, prevalence, relative survival and standardised mortality rates.ResultsThe overall age‐adjusted yearly incidence rate of PV increased from 0.4/10⁵ to 0.7/10⁵, ET increased from 0.3/10⁵ to 1.0/10⁵ and MF from 0.2/10⁵ to 0.5/10⁵. Prevalence of PV, ET and MF was 9.2, 8.6 and 3.0 per 10⁵ inhabitants, respectively. The five‐year relative survival (RS) of ET and PV was slightly reduced with no improvement. The five‐year RS of MF was 58.1% (2008–2012). Standardised mortality rate (SMR) was 1.9 (95% CI 1.2 – 2.7).ConclusionsThe incidence rates of ET, PV and MF doubled and tripled during the years 2007–2012 as compared to 1995–2006. This increment in incidence rates may be related to identification of the JAK2 mutation and the derived 2008 WHO guidelines for MPN. The RS was only slightly reduced in PV and ET, but was substantially reduced in MF.