bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of a Louvered Fin Automotive Radiator Using Hybrid Nanofluid as Coolant
Authors: Sahoo Rashmi Rekha , Ghosh Pradyumna , Sarkar Jahar 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study deals with the theoretical enhancement of thermal performance using water‐based (50/50) volume fraction of Fe2O3, CuO, TiO2, Ag, Cu in Al2O3 hybrid nanofluids as coolants for a louvered fin automobile radiator. The effects on thermophysical properties and various performance parameters, i.e., heat transfer, effectiveness, and pumping power of hybrid nanofluids have been compared with water. Among all studied hybrid nanofluids, Al2O3‐Ag/water hybrid nanofluid has higher effectiveness, heat transfer rate, pumping power, and pressure drop of 0.8%, 3%, 6%, and 5.6%, respectively, as compared to water and is followed by (50/50) volume fraction of Cu, CuO, Fe2O3, TiO2 hybrid nanofluids as radiator coolant.For the same radiator size and heat transfer rate, coolant flow rate and pumping work decreases by 3%, 4%, respectively, for Al2O3‐Ag/water hybrid nanofluid and for the same coolant flow rate and heat transfer rate the radiator size decreases by 3% and pumping power increases by 3.4% for Al2O3‐Ag/water hybrid nanofluid as compared to water. Reduction in radiator size may lead to a reduction in radiator cost, engine fuel consumption, and environmental benefit.
Storage stability of packaged baby formula in poly(lactide)‐whey protein isolate laminated pouch
Authors: Phupoksakul Thunyaluck , Leuangsukrerk Manusawee , Somwangthanaroj Anongnat , Tananuwong Kanitha , Janjarasskul Theeranun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of biodegradable polymeric materials has been proposed as an environmentally‐friendly alternative to petroleum‐based packaging. To extend the shelf life of food products, these bioplastics must possess appropriate barrier properties and food‐package stability. In the present study, shelf life analysis of packaged baby formula in biopolymeric, multilayer film, fabricated from poly(lactide) (PLA) and whey protein isolate (WPI), PLA/WPI/PLA and PLA pouches was performed at 4–35 oC and 50–59% relative humidity.RESULTSDespite the possible sorption of food components into contact PLA surfaces, the results demonstated that the transparency and barrier properties of PLA‐based pouches were insignificantly changed over time (P > 0.05), although the films showed a slow rate of color change. The baby formula packaged in PLA/WPI/PLA had a delayed lipid oxidation compared to the sample in the PLA pouch, especially at a higher temperature. The application of WPI in the multilayer structure shifted the shelf life determination factor from lipid oxidation to moisture gain.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the PLA/WPI/PLA pouch has good storage stability. The film could be used to package dry food properly at 4–35 oC and 50–59% relative humidity for an extended period of time. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Phenotypic characterization of qualitative parameters and antioxidant contents in peach and nectarine fruit and changes after jam preparation
Authors: Drogoudi Pavlina , Gerasopoulos Dimitrios , Kafkaletou Mina , Tsantili Eleni 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDSugars and antioxidants in peaches contribute to fresh fruit quality and nutrition; however, information on widely grown cultivars and changes induced after peach jam preparation is limited. In the present study, colour, sugars and antioxidant parameters were determined in fruit and jam from 45 peach and nectarine cultivars.RESULTSPronounced varietal differences were found in sorbitol (42‐fold range), total phenolics (TPs) and antioxidant capacities (10‐ to 19‐fold range). Sorbitol levels were greater in non‐melting peach, followed by nectarine, and lower values were found in melting peach cultivars. Late‐harvested peach and nectarine cultivars tended to have a higher soluble solid content and antioxidant potential. Cultivars with relatively high antioxidant contents produced darker and redder jams, containing more antioxidants, than the jam or the fruit from the other cultivars. Jam‐TPs were reduced by 48% compared to fruit‐TPs, with greater reduction being noted in high antioxidant cultivars. The most favorable jam organoleptic characteristics were found in ‘Morsiani 90’, ‘Amiga’, ‘Romea’ and ‘Alirosada’, as well as in non‐melting compared to melting peach cultivars.CONCLUSIONThe best cultivars for each fruit flesh type and jam were identified. Peach jam could be an alternative substitute when fresh fruit is not available and when it is prepared with high antioxidant cultivars. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of Degraded Soils in the Humid Ethiopian Highlands
Authors: Tebebu Tigist Y. , Bayabil Haimanote K. , Stoof Cathelijne R. , Giri Shree K. , Gessess Azalu A. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHardpan is a major cause of land degradation that affects agricultural productivity in developing countries. However, relatively, little is known about the interaction of land degradation and hardpans. The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate soil degradation and the formation of hardpans in crop/livestock‐mixed rainfed agriculture systems and to assess how changes in soil properties are related to the conversion of land from forest to agriculture. Two watersheds (Anjeni and Debre Mewi) were selected in the humid Ethiopian highlands. For both watersheds, 0–45 cm soil penetration resistance (SPR, n = 180) and soil physical properties (particle size, soil organic matter, pH, base ions, cation exchange capacity, silica content, bulk density and moisture content) were determined at 15 cm depth increments for three land uses: cultivated, pasture and forest. SPR of agricultural fields was significantly greater than that of forest lands. Dense layers with a critical SPR threshold of ≥2000 kPa were observed in the cultivated and pasture lands starting at a depth of 15–30 cm but did not occur in the undisturbed forest land. Compared with the original forest soils, agricultural fields were lower in organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable base cations; more acidic; had a higher bulk density and more fine particles (clay and silt); and contained less soluble silica. Overall, our findings suggest that soil physical and chemical properties in agricultural lands are deteriorated, causing disintegration of soil aggregates, resulting in greater sediment concentration in infiltration water that clogged up macro‐pores, thereby disconnecting deep flow paths found in original forest soils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of liver metastases with probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy at two excitation wavelengths
Authors: Schneider Crispin , Johnson Sean P. , Gurusamy Kurinchi , Cook Richard J. , Desjardins Adrien E. , Hawkes David J. , Davidson Brian R. , Walker‐Samuel Simon 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundMetastasis of colorectal cancer to the liver is the most common indication for hepatic resection in a western population. Incomplete excision of malignancy due to residual microscopic disease normally results in worse patient outcome. Therefore, a method aiding in the real time discrimination of normal and malignant tissue on a microscopic level would be of benefit.Material and MethodsThe ability of fluorescent probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) to identify normal and malignant liver tissue was evaluated in an orthotopic murine model of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM). To maximise information yield, two clinical fluorophores, fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) were injected and imaged in a dual wavelength approach (488 and 660 nm, respectively). Visual tissue characteristics on pCLE examination were compared with histological features. Fluorescence intensity in both tissues was statistically analysed to elucidate if this can be used to differentiate between normal and malignant tissue.ResultsFluorescein (488 nm) enabled good visualisation of normal and CRLM tissue, whereas ICG (660 nm) visualisation was limited to normal liver tissue only. Fluorescence intensity in areas of CRLM was typically 53–100% lower than normal hepatic parenchyma. Using general linear mixed modelling and receiver operating characteristic analysis, high fluorescence intensity was found to be statistically more likely in normal hepatic tissue.ConclusionReal time discrimination between normal liver parenchyma and metastatic tissue with pCLE examination of fluorescein and ICG is feasible. Employing two (rather than a single) fluorophores allows a combination of qualitative and quantitative characteristics to be used to distinguish between hepatic parenchyma and CRLM. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:280–292, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of extended bi‐pedicle anterolateral thigh free flaps for reconstruction of large defects: A case series
Authors: Maruccia Michele , Orfaniotis Georgios , Ciudad Pedro , Nicoli Fabio , Cigna Emanuele , Giudice Giuseppe , Kiranantawat Kidakorn , Ribuffo Diego , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundThe anterolateral thigh flap is a workforce flap in reconstructive surgery, however, variations in it is vascular anatomy are not uncommon. These variations may affect flap design and survival, especially when large flaps are required. In some anatomical variants the anterolateral thigh flap is supplied by two separate dominant pedicles, and in these cases a bi‐pedicle modification may be necessary to ensure complete flap viability. The aim of this report is to evaluate the outcomes, and present our approach in using bi‐pedicle anterolateral thigh flaps as a method to reduce the risk of partial flap necrosis when reconstructing sizeable soft tissue defects.Patients and MethodsFrom October of 2013 to November of 2015, seventeen patients were treated with extended bi‐pedicled ALT flaps for reconstruction of large defects (16 to 25 × 8 to 13 cm). Following doppler mapping of the lateral thigh perforators, an anterior incision was made. When a distinct oblique branch (OB) was present and the perforators of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (d‐LCFA) were small, the large bi‐pedicle ALT flaps were harvested based on both the oblique branch and the d‐LCFA pedicle. We evaluated the perfusion of the flap using only one pedicle by clamping alternately the OB and the d‐LCFA. After flap harvest, we performed two end‐to‐end venous anastomosis between the lateral circumflex femoral vein and a recipient vein, and the oblique branch vein with a second recipient vein. End to end arterial anastomosis were performed between the two pedicles and two recipient arteries. Y‐shaped interposition vein graft (YVG) was applied when single recipient artery was available for revascularization. The flaps were used for scar contracture, chest wall, lower and upper extremity soft tissue defects, breast, scalp, oral cancer, and esophageal reconstruction.ResultsThe flaps size were 18 to 26 × 10 to 14 cm. For all seventeen patients the reconstructive goals were achieved with complete survival of the large ALT flaps with no events of partial necrosis or failure. We reported one case of re‐exploration of a congested flap due to venous thrombosis, which was successfully salvaged.ConclusionBi‐pedicled ALT flaps could be a considered as a valuable option when a second pedicle is encountered and large flaps are required.
A novel physical anthropomorphic breast phantom for 2D and 3D x‐ray imaging
Authors: Ikejimba Lynda C. , Graff Christian G. , Rosenthal Shani , Badal Andreu , Ghammraoui Bahaa , Lo Joseph Y. , Glick Stephen J. 
Published: December 2016

PurposePhysical phantoms are central to the evaluation of 2D and 3D breast‐imaging systems. Currently, available physical phantoms have limitations including unrealistic uniform background structure, large expense, or excessive fabrication time. The purpose of this work is to outline a method for rapidly creating realistic, inexpensive physical anthropomorphic phantoms for use in full‐field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT).MethodsThe phantom was first modeled using analytical expressions and then discretized into voxels of a specified size. The interior of the breast was divided into glandular and adipose tissue classes using Voronoi segmentation, and additional structures like blood vessels, chest muscle, and ligaments were added. The physical phantom was then fabricated from the virtual model in a slice by slice fashion through inkjet printing, using parchment paper and a radiopaque ink containing 33% (I33%) or 25% (I25%) iohexol by volume. Three types of parchment paper (P1, P2, and P3) were examined. The phantom materials were characterized in terms of their effective linear attenuation coefficients (μeff) using full‐field digital mammography (FFDM) and their energy‐dependent linear attenuation coefficients (μ(E)) using a spectroscopic energy discriminating detector system. The printing method was further validated on the basis of accuracy, print consistency, and the reproducibility of ink batches.ResultsThe μeff of two types of parchment paper were close to that of adipose tissue, with μeff = 0.61 ± 0.05 cm−1 for P1, 0.61 ± 0.04 cm−1 for P2, and 0.57 ± 0.03 cm−1 for adipose tissue. The addition of the iodinated ink increased the effective attenuation to that of glandular tissue, with μeff = 0.89 ± 0.06 cm−1 for P1 + I25% and 0.94 ± 0.06 cm−1 for P1 + I33% compared to 0.90 ± 0.03 cm−1 for glandular tissue. Spectroscopic measurements showed a good match between the parchment paper and reference values for adipose and glandular tissues across photon energies. Good accuracy was found between the model and the printed phantom by comparing a FFDM of the virtual model simulated through Monte Carlo with a real FFDM of the fully printed phantom. High consistency was found over multiple prints, with 3% variability in mean ink signal across various samples. Reproducibility of ink consistency was very high with <1% variation signal from multiple batches of ink. Imaging of the phantom using FFDM and DBT systems showed promising utility for 2D and 3D imaging.ConclusionsA novel, realistic breast phantom can be created using an analytically defined breast model and readily available materials. The work provides a method to fabricate any virtual phantom in a manner that is accurate, inexpensive, easily accessible, and can be made with different materials or breast models.
Boundary Element based Discontinuous Deformation Analysis
Authors: Fu G. Y. , Ma G. W. , Qu X. L. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryA Boundary Element based Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (BE‐DDA) method is developed by implementing the improved dual reciprocity boundary element method into the open close iterations based DDA. This newly developed BE‐DDA is capable of simulating both the deformation and movement of blocks in a blocky system. Based on geometry updating, it adopts an incremental dynamic formulation taking into consideration initial stresses and dealing with external concentrated and contact forces conveniently. The boundaries of each block in the discrete blocky system are discretized with boundary elements while the domain of each block is divided into internal cells only for the integration of the domain integral of the initial stress term. The contact forces among blocks are treated as concentrated forces and the open–close iterations are applied to ensure the computational accuracy of block interactions. In the current method, an implicit time integration scheme is adopted for numerical stability. Three examples are used to show the effectiveness of the algorithm in simulating block movement, sliding, deformation and interaction of blocks. At last, block toppling and tunnel stability examples are conducted to demonstrate that the BE‐DDA is applicable for simulation of blocky systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mortality, fecundity and development among bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) exposed to prolonged, intermediate cold stress
Authors: Rukke Bjørn A , Hage Morten , Aak Anders 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) have returned as a nuisance pest worldwide. Their ability to withstand different types of environmental stress should be explored in order potentially to increase the efficiency of control methods.RESULTSImmediate and long‐term effects of exposure to temperatures from 0 to −10 °C for 1, 2 and 3 weeks are reported. Fifth‐instar nymphs and adults were exposed to constant or fluctuating temperatures. Increased cold and extended time yielded higher mortality; nymphs were more resilient than adults at the shorter durations of exposure. At intermediate temperatures, mortality was higher at constant compared with fluctuating temperatures, whereas all individuals died after 3 weeks of exposure to −7 °C. The success among survivors after cold treatment was also affected in terms of reduced egg production, hatching success and the ability of fifth‐instar nymphs to advance into the adult stage; however, nymphs produced after cold treatment developed normally.CONCLUSIONSDetrimental effects of prolonged exposure to low temperatures were seen in bed bugs both during and after cold treatment. The results suggest that temperatures below −7 °C can be applied by laymen to control this pest in small items if available treatment time is of less concern. © 2016 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Tetra‐primer ARMS PCR for rapid detection and characterisation of Plasmopara viticola phenotypes resistant to carboxylic acid amide fungicides
Authors: Zhang Hao , Kong Fanfang , Wang Xina , Liang Lisha , Schoen Cor D , Feng Jie , Wang Zhongyue 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe occurrence of Plasmopara viticola populations resistant to carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides is becoming a serious problem in the control of grapevine downy mildew worldwide. The resistance is caused by point mutations in the PvCesA3 gene. These isolates with this mutation have been detected mainly by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of fungicides, which is always time consuming and inefficient.RESULTSTo establish a suitable method for rapid detection of the G1105S mutation in P. viticola, an efficient and simple molecular method was developed, based on tetra‐primer ARMS PCR. A set of four primers were designed and optimised to distinguish the different genotypes within one step. Only 2 h was required from the sampling of symptoms to the phenotyping of fungicide resistance. Using this method, CAA‐resistant P. viticola were identified for the first time in China. Also, the finding of sensitive heterozygotes indicated that the resistant allele is spreading in the population in Ziyuan.CONCLUSIONThis new method proved to be useful as an early warning system for resistance outbreaks of P. viticola to CAA fungicides in the field and may be helpful in decisions concerning rotation of different fungicide groups. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The toxicity of flonicamid to cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida), is by disruption of ingestion: an electropenetrography study
Authors: Tariq Kaleem , Noor Mah , Backus Elaine A , Hussain Adil , Ali Asad , Peng Wei , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula, is one of the most destructive pests of cotton in Asia. This species is thought to cause damage by injecting enzymatic saliva into various, presently unknown, cotton tissues and ingesting the resulting macerate. Flonicamid is a novel systemic insecticide used to control the cotton leafhopper; however, its mode of action is unknown.RESULTSThe mechanism of action of flonicamid on cotton leafhopper was investigated using electropenetrography (EPG). EPG recordings revealed six waveforms, i.e. Np (non‐probing), A1 (channel cutting), A2, A3, A4, A5 and A6. Waveforms A2 and A3 probably represent active ingestion with (A2) and without (A3) simultaneous watery salivation. The meanings of A4, A5 and A6 are presently unknown, but minor in duration. Flonicamid significantly increased the mean duration of non‐probing events and strongly inhibited ingestion by treated insects, which resulted in the slow death of leafhoppers. Inhibition of ingestion was dose dependent, and near‐complete suppression was observed when the flonicamid concentration was increased to 10 000 mg L−1.CONCLUSIONSWe propose that starvation caused by inhibition of active ingestion is the mechanism of toxicity for flonicamid. This knowledge could aid in applicability and use of this new insecticide for field management of leafhopper populations. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Two‐particle interferometry in quantum Hall edge channels
Authors: Marguerite A. , Bocquillon E. , Berroir J.‐M. , Plaçais B. , Cavanna A. , Jin Y. , Degiovanni P. , Fève G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSince the pioneering works of Hanbury‐Brown and Twiss, intensity–intensity correlations have been widely used in astronomical systems, for example, to detect binary stars. They reveal statistics effects and two‐particle interference, and offer a decoherence‐free probe of the coherence properties of light sources. In the quantum Hall edge channels, the concept of quantum optics can be transposed to electrons, and an analogous two‐particle interferometry can be developed, in order to characterize single‐electron states. We review in this article the recent experimental and theoretical progress on this topic.
Design, Synthesis and in vitro Anticancer Activity of a Cu(II) Complex of Carminic Acid: A Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor of Human DNA Topoisomerase I and Topoisomerase II
Authors: Das Piyal , Jain Chetan Kumar , Roychoudhury Susanta , Majumder Hemanta Kumar , Das Saurabh 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe hydroxy‐9,10‐anthraquinones in anthracyclines form semiquinones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that help in antitumor activity. ROS generation is cytotoxic to cells but cardiotoxic as well. Carminic acid (CA) with a sugar bound to a hydroxyanthraquinone resembles anthracyclines closely. Role of sugar in anthracyclines was realized from physicochemical parameters of CA that were found to be in between those of anthracyclines and hydroxy‐9,10‐anthraquinones. A Cu(II)complex of CA was prepared and its structure attempted from powder X‐ray diffraction. Studies with DNA revealed unlike CA, the complex did not show decrease in binding constant with increase in the pH of the medium. DNA relaxation assay showed the complex as a dual inhibitor of human DNA topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II stabilizing covalent topoisomerase‐DNA adducts in vitro. Inhibition of growth of ALL‐MOLT‐4 cells was higher for the complex supporting in vitro experiments. An enzyme assay revealed less superoxide formation for the complex suggesting that it might be less cardiotoxic. Decrease in superoxide for the complex does not affect anticancer activity, which was greater than CA.
Long noncoding RNAs in the p53 network
Authors: Chaudhary Ritu , Lal Ashish 
Published: December 2016

The tumor‐suppressor protein p53 is activated in response to numerous cellular stresses including DNA damage. p53 functions primarily as a sequence‐specific transcription factor that controls the expression of hundreds of protein‐coding genes and noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). While the role of protein‐coding genes and miRNAs in mediating the effects of p53 has been extensively studied, the physiological function and molecular mechanisms by which p53‐regulated lncRNAs act is beginning to be understood. In this review, we discuss recent studies on lncRNAs that are directly or indirectly regulated by p53 and how they contribute to the biological outcomes of p53 activation. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1410. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1410This article is categorized under:

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease