bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progesterone resistance in endometriosis: origins, consequences and interventions
Authors: Patel Bansari G. , Rudnicki Martin , Yu Jie , Shu Yimin , Taylor Robert N. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEndometriosis is a common cause of pelvic pain and affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age. Aberrant progesterone signaling in the endometrium plays a significant role in impaired decidualization and establishment of ectopic endometrial implants. Eutopic endometrial cells from women with endometriosis fail to downregulate genes needed for decidualization, such as those involved in cell cycle regulation, leading to unbridled proliferation. Several causes of progesterone resistance in the endometrium have been postulated, including congenital “preconditioning”, whereby the in utero environment renders infants susceptible to neonatal uterine bleeding and endometriosis. Progesterone action is crucial to decreasing inflammation in the endometrium, and deviant progesterone signaling results in a proinflammatory phenotype. Conversely, chronic inflammation can induce a progesterone‐resistant state. Repetitive retrograde endometrial shedding begets chronic peritoneal inflammation, which further exacerbates progesterone resistance. Genetic causes of progesterone resistance include progesterone receptor gene polymorphisms, altered microRNA expression, and epigenetic modifications to progesterone receptors and their targets. Environmental toxins such as dioxin play a possible role in the genesis of endometriosis by permitting an inflammatory milieu. A consequence of impaired progesterone action is that hormonal therapy is rendered ineffective for a subset of women with endometriosis. Synthetic progestins, such as dienogest, may overcome this phenomenon by increasing progesterone receptor expression and decreasing proinflammatory cytokines. Other modalities include high dose depot formulations of progestins, medicated intrauterine devices and the likely advent of oral GnRH antagonists. Unearthing root causes of progesterone inaction in endometriosis will aid in the development of novel therapeutics geared toward prevention and treatment.
A first look at the effects of long inter‐pregnancy interval and advanced maternal age on perinatal outcomes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Qin Chunxiang , Mi Chunmei , Xia Aibin , Chen Wei‐Ti , Chen Chunxia , Li Ying , Li Yao , Bai Wenhui , Tang Siyuan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAfter China's One‐child Policy was replaced with the Two‐child Policy in 2013, the rate of second pregnancies with a longer inter‐pregnancy interval (IPI) has suddenly increased in that country; however, the effect of long IPIs (≥49 months) on perinatal outcomes remains unreported.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study in China from July 2015 through June 2016. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to test the associations among IPI, maternal age, and perinatal outcome (preterm delivery, term low birthweight, and small‐for‐gestational age). We included baseline factors and variables with biological plausibility as confounders.ResultsOur analytic sample included 3309 second pregnancies. The mean IPI was 75.36 months. Compared with second pregnancies with a short IPI of 7‐24 months, those with long IPIs had higher adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of preterm delivery (1.70‐2.00 [95% CI 1.20‐3.33]) and term low birthweight (2.16‐2.68 [1.10‐6.17]), but not small‐for‐gestational age. The mean maternal age at current delivery was 32.0 years. Compared with the reference group (25‐29 years), second pregnancies for the oldest maternal age group (≥35 years) showed no statistically significant increased ORs for adverse perinatal outcomes.ConclusionLong IPI is a significant contributor to preterm delivery and term low birthweight. Health care providers need to pay close attention to preterm delivery prevention and fetal growth during prenatal care for second pregnancies where the mothers have long IPIs.
It is not just about occupation, but also about where you work
Authors: Berthelsen Hanne , Westerlund Hugo , Hakanen Jari J. , Kristensen Tage S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesDentistry is characterized by a meaningful but also stressful psychosocial working environment. Job satisfaction varies among staff working under different organizational forms. The aim of this study was to identify (i) to what extent crucial psychosocial work environment characteristics differ among occupations in general public dental clinics in Sweden, and (ii) how much of the variation within each occupation is attributable to the organizational level.MethodsAll staff (N=1782) employed in four public dental organizations received an email with personal log‐in to an electronic questionnaire based on the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. After two reminders, a response rate of 75% was obtained. Responses from 880 nonmanagerial dentists, dental hygienists and dental nurses working in general practices were included in our analyses.ResultsFirst, we compared the three dental occupations. We found that job demands, task resources (eg influence, possibilities for development and role clarity), strain symptoms and attitudes to work differed among occupations, dentists having the least favourable situation. Next, we compared the four organizations for each occupational group, separately. For dentists, a significant and relevant amount of variance (P<.05 and ICC >.05) was explained by the organizational level for 15 of 26 subscales, least pronounced for task resources. By contrast, for dental nurses and hygienists, the corresponding number was 2 subscales of 26. The psychosocial working environment of people working at the organization with the highest levels of strain indicators and the least positive work‐related attitudes differed systematically from the organization with the most favourable profile, in particular regarding job demands and leadership aspects.ConclusionIn conclusion, the psychosocial working environment depended to a large degree on occupation and, for dentists in particular, also on their organizational affiliation. The findings suggest a potential for designing interventions at organizational level for improvements of the psychosocial working environment for dentists.
Subclinical lower airways correlates of chronic allergic and non‐allergic rhinitis
Authors: Saranz R. J. , Lozano A. , Lozano N. A. , Ponzio M. F. , Cruz Á. A. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe upper and lower airways behave as a physiological and pathophysiological unit. Subclinical lower airways abnormalities have been described in patients with rhinitis without asthma. These are expressed as bronchial hyperreactivity, abnormalities in lung function and bronchial inflammation, likely as a result of the same phenomenon with systemic inflammatory impact that reaches both the nose and the lungs, which for unknown reasons does not always have a full clinical expression. Patients with rhinitis are at increased risk of developing asthma; therefore, most authors suggest a careful clinical evaluation and monitoring of these patients, especially if symptoms related to inflammation in the lower airways are observed. Although current treatments, such as H1‐antihistamines, intranasal steroids and allergen immunotherapy, are quite effective for the management of rhinitis, it is difficult to prove their capacity to prevent asthma among subjects with rhinitis. Evidence showing that the treatment of rhinitis has a favourable impact on indicators of bronchial hyperreactivity and inflammation among subjects that have no symptoms of asthma is more frequently described. In this review, we address the frequency and characteristics of lower airway abnormalities in subjects with rhinitis, both in paediatric and adult populations, their likely predictive value for the development of asthma and the possibilities for therapeutic intervention that could modify the risk of subjects with rhinitis towards presenting asthma.
The association between psychosocial well‐being and living environments: a case of orphans in Rwanda
Authors: Caserta Tehetna Alemu , Pirttilä‐Backman Anna‐Maija , Punamäki Raija‐Leena 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study examined how various living environments (child‐headed households, orphanages, street children and foster homes), quality of care and demographic factors were associated with the psychosocial well‐being of orphans in Rwanda by using a sample of 430 participants. Results indicated that children in orphanages exhibited higher levels of emotional well‐being and lower levels of mental distress and risk‐taking behaviour than others. Decision‐making ability was the highest among child‐headed households, while it was the lowest among those in orphanages. Quality of care, such as meal availability and length of time spent in a particular living environment, along with demographic factors, such as age and sex, were also important predictors of psychosocial well‐being.
An epidemic of allergic contact dermatitis caused by a new allergen, caprylhydroxamic acid, in moisturizers
Authors: Ackermann Leena , Virtanen Hannele , Korhonen Laura , Laukkanen Arja , Huilaja Laura , Riekki Riitta , Hasan Taina 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundIn 2016, dermatologists in Finland suspected contact allergy in several patients using moisturizers under the trade name Apobase®. Following a formulation change, Phenostat™, which is a mixture of phenoxyethanol, caprylhydroxamic acid, and methylpropanediol, was used as a preservative in Apobase® moisturizers in Finland.ObjectivesTo confirm the suspected contact allergy to Apobase® cream, oily cream, and/or lotion, and to identify the specific contact allergen and define its optimal patch test concentration.MethodsThirty‐nine patients with suspected contact allergy to Apobase® creams or lotion were patch tested in four Finnish dermatological clinics. The patch tests included old and new Apobase® formulas and their preservative agents: phenoxyethanol, methylpropanediol, and dilution series of Phenostat™ and caprylhydroxamic acid or its potassium salt.ResultsThe patch tests showed positive reactions to the new Apobase® formulas, Phenostat™, and caprylhydroxamic acid or its potassium salt, but not to the old Apobase® formulas, methylpropanediol, or phenoxyethanol.ConclusionsWe found a new contact allergen, caprylhydroxyamic acid, which caused an epidemic of allergic contact dermatitis in patients using moisturizers containing this preservative. Whether the sensitizing capacity of caprylhydroxamic acid depends on the other chemicals used in Apobase® moisturizers needs further investigation.
Predicting abstinence from methamphetamine use after residential rehabilitation: Findings from the Methamphetamine Treatment Evaluation Study
Authors: McKetin Rebecca , Kothe Astrid , Baker Amanda L. , Lee Nicole K. , Ross Joanne , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsWe previously found that residential rehabilitation increased continuous abstinence from methamphetamine use 1 year after treatment. We examine what client and treatment characteristics predict this outcome.Design and MethodsParticipants (n = 176) were dependent on methamphetamine and entering residential rehabilitation for methamphetamine use. Simultaneous logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of continuous abstinence from methamphetamine use at 1 year follow‐up. Measures included demographics, drug use, psychiatric comorbidity (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, major depression, social phobia, panic disorder, schizophrenia, mania and conduct disorder), symptoms of psychosis and hostility, readiness to change, motivations for treatment and treatment characteristics (duration, rapport, group and individual counselling).ResultsParticipants stayed in treatment for a median of 8 weeks; 23% remained abstinent at 1 year. The only independent predictors of abstinence were more weeks in treatment [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.2, P < 0.001], better rapport with treatment providers (AOR 2.4, P = 0.049) and receipt of individual counselling (AOR 3.7, P = 0.013), whereas injecting methamphetamine predicted not achieving abstinence (AOR = 0.25, P = 0.002). Individual counselling and good rapport increased abstinence to 45%; for injectors, longer stays in treatment (13+ weeks) were additionally needed to produce similar abstinence rates (43%).Discussions and ConclusionsAbstinence from methamphetamine use following residential rehabilitation could be significantly increased by providing individual counselling, maintaining good rapport with clients and ensuring longer stays for people who inject the drug. [McKetin R, Kothe A, Baker AL, Lee NK, Ross J, Lubman DI. Predicting abstinence from methamphetamine use after residential rehabilitation: Findings from the Methamphetamine Treatment Evaluation Study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018;37:70–78]
From Force to Legitimation: Rethinking Land Grabs in Cambodia
Authors: Beban Alice , So Sokbunthoeun , Un Kheang 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThis article moves beyond a focus on the brute force involved in high‐profile land grabs to examine the way legitimation, regulation and coercion intersect in Cambodia's property regime. It builds on the ‘powers of exclusion’ framework developed by Hall, Hirsch and Li to argue that increased connections within civil society in Cambodia and engagement with Western commodity markets have motivated state and private concessionaires to use different means of land exclusion, with less outright force and a greater focus on repressive regulation and legitimation. These exclusionary powers work through informal political connections, secrecy and obfuscation, which the authors term the ‘power of informality’. This argument is substantiated with two case studies that illustrate a move away from the dominant narrative of forceful expulsion of land users in Economic Land Concessions (ELC) towards approaches that provide in‐kind compensation and carve out land for smallholders: a recent land titling campaign in ELC areas, and the first oil palm ELC to gain responsible investment certification. While the authors remain cautious of the implications of this shift, given the persistence of the power of informality, these cases illustrate the potential for new forms of state–society relations: a shift from fear of authorities to a demand for greater accountability and responsiveness.
Spawning site fidelity and apparent annual survival of walleye (Sander vitreus) differ between a Lake Huron and Lake Erie tributary
Authors: Hayden Todd A. , Binder Thomas R. , Holbrook Christopher M. , Vandergoot Christopher S. , Fielder David G. , Cooke Steven J. , Dettmers John M. , Krueger Charles C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFidelity to spawning habitats can maximise reproductive success of fish by synchronising movements to sites of previous recruitment. To determine the role of reproductive fidelity in structuring walleye Sander vitreus populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes, we used acoustic telemetry combined with Cormack–Jolly–Seber capture–recapture models to estimate spawning site fidelity and apparent annual survival for the Tittabawassee River in Lake Huron and Maumee River in Lake Erie. Walleye in spawning condition were tagged from the Tittabawassee River in Lake Huron and Maumee River in Lake Erie in 2011–2012. Site fidelity and apparent annual survival were estimated from return of individuals to the stream where tagged. Site fidelity estimates were higher in the Tittabawassee River (95%) than the Maumee River (70%) and were not related to sex or fish length at tagging. Apparent annual survival of walleye tagged in the Tittabawassee did not differ among spawning seasons but was higher for female than male walleye and decreased linearly as fish length increased. Apparent annual survival of walleye tagged in the Maumee River did not differ among spawning seasons but was higher for female walleye than male walleye and increased linearly as fish length increased. Greater fidelity of walleye tagged in the Tittabawassee River than walleye tagged in the Maumee River may be related to the close proximity to the Maumee River of other spawning aggregations and multiple spawning sites in Lake Erie. As spawning site fidelity increases, management actions to conserve population structure require an increasing focus on individual stocks.
Hobbes on Teleology and Reason
Authors: Parietti Guido 
Published: April 2017

AbstractStarting from considering how radical Hobbes' rejection of teleology was, this paper presents a coherent reading of Hobbesian reason, as applied to the justification of political obligation, striking a more perspicuous third way between the ‘orthodox’ (based on self‐interest and consequentialism) and the ‘revisionist’ (moralizing, or variously substantive) readings. Both families of interpretations are partial to some elements of Hobbes' thought, therefore incapable of providing a coherent reading of its whole. A precise rendering of Hobbes' deontological reason allows a better hermeneutical understanding of his philosophy as well as a keener appreciation of its relevance for past and present political thought.
Higher plasma leptin is associated with higher risk of androgenetic alopecia in men
Authors: Yang Chao‐Chun , Chung Pei‐Lun , Lin Li‐Yu , Hughes Michael W. , Tsai Yau‐Sheng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn addition to genetics and androgens, novel factors could play a role in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). This study aims to investigate the association between plasma leptin level with the risk and severity of AGA in men. Forty‐eight subjects were enrolled including 29 AGA and 19 non‐AGA subjects. The plasma leptin level was significantly higher in AGA subjects, compared to non‐AGA subjects (4.45 vs 2.76 ng/mL, P<.05). A higher plasma leptin levels were positively correlated with the risk of developing AGA in multivariate logistic analysis (odds ratio=2.77, P<.05). Leptin from the circulation might impact the development of AGA.
Corticosteroid might reduce serum levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in fulminant hepatitis: A case series
Authors: Fujiwara Keiichi , Hida Seiji , Yasui Shin , Yokosuka Osamu , Oda Shigeto 
Published: April 2017

AimThere are no beneficial therapies except for emergency liver transplantation for acute liver failure (ALF). However, in Japan, which has a serious problem in the shortage of donor livers, therapies other than transplantation must be further investigated for patients with ALF. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines promoting tissue destruction are predominant at an early phase of ALF. Corticosteroid (CS) influences monocyte/macrophage differentiation, by suppressing pro‐inflammatory genes, indicating CS treatment might be beneficial during the early phase of ALF. Our aim was to elucidate the efficacy of CS pulse therapy in decreasing pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels in the early stage of ALF.MethodsTen consecutive adult Japanese patients with fulminant hepatitis in the early stage, three treated with artificial liver support (ALS) and CS pulse therapy (ALS + CS group) and seven treated with ALS (ALS group), were enrolled. Clinical and biochemical data on admission were matched between the groups and retrospectively analyzed for serum concentrations of interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐1β over a 2‐week period.ResultsMean cytokine levels on admission were not different between the two groups. Tumor necrosis factor‐α was significantly reduced on day 7 in patients with CS. Serum levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines tended to be reduced in patients with CS compared to those without during the observation period, although the differences were not significant.ConclusionsIt might be possible that introduction of CS pulse therapy in the early stage of ALF could reduce levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, which might inhibit the cascade of progression of ALF.
Use of resuscitation plans at a tertiary Australian hospital: room for improvement
Authors: Smith Roger J. , Santamaria John D. , Holmes Jennifer A. , Faraone Espedito E. , Hurune Patricia N. , Reid David A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe ‘Acute Resuscitation Plan’ (ARP) is a document for recording the resuscitation plans of patients at a tertiary hospital for adult patients. The ARP was introduced at the hospital in September 2014, superseding the ‘Not for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)’ form. Unlike the Not for CPR form, the ARP was relevant to patients with and without resuscitation limits.AimTo evaluate the introduction of the ARP.MethodsThis study is a retrospective audit of the records of all admissions to the hospital from January to June 2014 (Not for CPR period) and January to June 2015 (ARP period). The main outcomes are the incidence of resuscitation plans, the proportion of ARP specifying consultation with the patient (or representative) and with senior medical staff, and the proportion of ARP among older patients and those with significant comorbidity.ResultsResuscitation plans were present for 453 of 23 325 (1.9%) admissions in the Not for CPR period versus 1801 of 24 037 (7.5%) in the ARP period (odds ratio (OR) 4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.7–4.5, P < 0.001). A total of 42% of ARP specified ‘care of the dying’ in the event of arrest. Acknowledgement of the views of the patient (or representative) was indicated on 37% of ARP and of a senior physician on 28%. An ARP was not present for 67% of patients aged ≥90 years, 59% from aged care, 90% with metastatic cancer and 64% aged ≥80 years and with a Charlson comorbidity index ≥3.ConclusionsMore patients had resuscitation plans after introducing the ARP. However, patients and senior physicians were often remote from the consultation process, and an ARP was not present for many patients likely to have a poor outcome from cardiopulmonary arrest.