bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is the Best Experimental Model for Developing Novel Therapeutics in Peripheral Artery Disease?
Authors: Lejay Anne , Wu Winona W. , Kuntz Salomé H. , Feinberg Mark W. 
Published: October 2024

Clinical problem:
More than 200 million people worldwide have peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD affects the quality of life and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Standard treatment for severe cases of PAD is surgical or endovascular revascularization. However, up to 30% of patients are not candidates for open or endovascular procedures, due to high operative risk or unfavorable vascular involvement. Furthermore, revascularization procedures may be insufficient to adequately improve microvascular tissue perfusion, wound healing, or limb salvage. Accordingly, regardless of advances in treatment modalities, outcomes of patients with PAD have remained unfavorable. Therefore, new medical therapeutic approaches are much needed. Small animal models are indispensable tools for the understanding of PAD physiopathology and the development of novel medical therapies.

Recommendations for increasing translation from animal models:
Development of animal models that more closely mimic the pathophysiology (with occlusive atherothrombosis and chronic development of limb ischemia) can incorporate the cardiovascular risk factors associated with this disease state, and focus on more clinically relevant outcomes is critical. In practice, this means using both animals that develop atherosclerosis and methods for the application of gradual arterial occlusion to induce hind limb ischemia. Doing so will likely help identify novel targets for intervention and overcome some principal challenges confronted by previous clinical trials. While various rodent models are discussed, the optimal animal model is yet to be defined.
The Participation of Ethnic Groups and Minorities in Political and Institutional Life in Kosovo
Authors: Bezeraj Selim , Kreka Alba 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the participation and engagement of ethnic groups and minorities in Kosovo’s political and institutional life during the post-war period (after 1999) and the post-independence phase (after 2008). The involvement of minorities in Kosovo’s institutional framework is grounded in the concept of a multiethnic state, with constitutional and legal provisions ensuring their rights. These provisions enable minorities to participate in all areas of state activity within the Republic of Kosovo. The paper addresses how circumstances and opportunities for participation have evolved, the challenges, threats, and risks faced, and what legislative measures have been enacted to ensure the political and institutional representation of ethnic groups and minorities.
Erasmus’ Encomia
Authors: Regier Willis Goth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Erasmus praised contemporaries in books, letters, prefaces, and adagia. His public career was launched with an ostentatious work of praise, the Panegyricus ad Philippum Austriae (1504), in which he satisfied court expectations and literary tradition. He titled five works Encomium; one of them—the Moriae Encomium (Praise of Folly)—is by far his most popular book. This article examines his encomia and his interest in writing them. It identifies the models and conventions Erasmus inherited and recounts the trouble he took to make his encomia unique.
Preserving and Presenting the Rotterdam Erasmus Collection since 1868
Authors: Steen Sanne , Tholen John 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The unique collection of Erasmiana in the Rotterdam Public Library has a long history in which there has been varying attention to acquisition, preservation and presentation. This article describes how individuals such as donors, directors and curators developed the collection since it was first mentioned in 1868. This development is reconstructed through archival sources such as year reports, newspaper articles and material evidence in the collection itself. From this reconstruction, it is possible to distinguish three phases in the history of the Erasmus Collection in which it was treated as respectively an archival collection, a scholarly source and a heritage collection. The case study shows why it is important for scholars who make use of a collection to understand the historical development of its contents and the status of the collection as such. Furthermore, knowledge of the history of a collection is valuable for exploring today’s balance between preservation and presentation.
Erasmus and the Need for Shared Values
Authors: van Raak Ronald 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many people in the Netherlands are familiar with the image of Erasmus, who has become a symbol of wisdom and independence of spirit in this country. Yet it is difficult to truly understand this thinker, in part because he constantly played with language and perspectives and enjoyed wrong-footing readers. At the same time, this playfulness in Erasmus is exactly what makes him so interesting, especially to today’s readers. The philosopher developed a way of thinking that appeals to modern-day people, who value their own individuality but also need shared values: the question of what binds us. This essay is an attempt to unravel Erasmus’ challenging thinking and his philosophical principles, in the expectation that his method of thinking could be helpful in the current discussion about the need for shared values.
Sharing a Stage in the Arena of Agency
Authors: van Ruler Han 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Exactly five hundred years ago today, Erasmus engaged with Martin Luther in a debate on free will that continues to inspire, even if it evokes a notion of freedom that is no longer ours in every respect. Emphasising the need for a common-sense reading of Holy Scripture that did not require making conjectures about the existence of hidden forms of divine justice inconsistent with our own, Erasmus confronted Luther with the fact that his “necessitating” notion of grace was not in any way representative of earlier theological positions acknowledging the notion of free will. Refusing to be drawn towards an interpretation of grace that denied human beings the ability to activate the full spectrum of their natural reaction patterns, Erasmus stayed clear of translating earlier theological positions on grace in terms of an overruling of human agency. His theology continued to inspire later generations to work on their moral development rather than to act out of fear for divine retribution. Despite his name as a sceptic and a rhetorician, Erasmus’ decidedly this-worldly interpretation of religious doctrine not only reveals his argumentative agility and deep theoretical insight; it also prompts a universalist approach in theology that consistently favours a predisposition towards the humane.
Description of Witkowskia famintsinii sp. nov. (Cymbellales, Bacillariophyceae) with morphological investigation of Witkowskia strigosa comb. et stat. nov.
Authors: MIRONOV ANDREI , GLUSHCHENKO ANTON , KULIKOVSKIY MAXIM 
Published: October 2024

In this study, the morphology of two species of diatoms from the Mường Hoa River, Vietnam, was investigated using LM and SEM. The first species was identified as Navicula similis var. strigosa. The second species has been unknown to science until today. As a result, we concluded that in both species areolae in striae are occluded by tectula, a type of pore occlusions, unique for Witkowskia, a recently erected genus of cymbelloid diatoms. Based on this feature, we propose Witkowskia strigosa comb. et stat. nov. in this paper and describe Witkowskia famintsinii sp. nov. below. The species are morphologically compared with other similar representatives of Witkowskia genus. In addition, we suggest that Witkowskia strigosa comb. et stat. nov. and Naviculadicta nanogomphonema, described from Ecuador, should be treated as synonyms. Thus, the taxonomic problem of the genus Naviculadicta is discussed.
Theoretical Framework for the Response of Barotropic Shelf Current to Along-Shelf Bathymetric Perturbations
Authors: Xiao Canbo , Liu Zhiqiang , Cai Zhongya , Lai Zhigang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The mechanism underlying the response of barotropic shelf current to along-shelf bathymetric perturbations is rationalized by a one-dimensional vorticity equation. Fourier analysis of the equation in the wavenumber domain suggests that bathymetric features with relatively short length scales in the alongshore direction drive steady cross-shelf velocity undulations when the shelf circulation is against the direction of Kelvin wave propagation (upwelling regime). In contrast, much weaker and nonoscillatory cross-shelf velocity is expected when the shelf circulation is in alignment with propagating Kelvin waves (downwelling regime). The velocity undulations in the upwelling regime result from a positive feedback mechanism associated with potential vorticity (PV) advection; however, the presence of bottom friction restricts such undulations within a few wavelengths. The characteristic wavelength of undulations is determined by when the normalized drag coefficient , where u is the along-shelf mean flow speed, Hs is the shelf depth, αs is the bottom slope, f is the Coriolis parameter, and r is the linear drag coefficient. Using this formula, a scale of the cross-shelf displacement distance Yt is proposed, aligning with one-layer barotropic simulations over a large parameter space. The study provides a framework for investigating barotropic cross-shelf exchange caused by shelf circulation over irregular bottom bathymetries.
Usefulness of the 3-hydroxykynurenine/kynurenic acid ratio as a diagnostic biomarker for diffuse larger B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuko , Goto Naoe , Kambara Kengo , Fujigaki Suwako , Fujigaki Hidetsugu , Takemura Masao , Nabeshima Toshitaka , Tomita Akihiro , Saito Kuniaki 
Published: October 2024

Objectives Reports have shown that the kynurenine pathway, one of the pathways by which tryptophan is metabolized, is activated in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Activation of the kynurenine pathway triggers the production of various metabolites, such as kynurenine (Kyn), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), kynurenic acid (KA), and anthranilic acid (AA), which contribute to immune tolerance. The current study aimed to investigate the changes in metabolites of kynurenine pathway in DLBCL patients and evaluate their performance predicting DLBCL. Methods Changes in metabolites of kynurenine pathway were examined using high-performance liquid chromatography in 35 DLBCL patients (age 61.2 ± 13.5 years) and 44 healthy controls (age 58.5 ± 12.5 years). Results DLBCL patients had significantly higher levels of 3-HK, AA, and 3-HAA but lower levels of tryptophan (Trp) and KA compared to healthy controls. Given that the ratio of each metabolite represents the change in the Kyn pathway, the 3-HK/KA ratio was examined. Notably, DLBCL patients had a significantly higher 3-HK/KA ratio compared to healthy controls. In DLBCL, the area under the receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve for 3-HK/KA (0.999) was higher than that for lactate dehydrogenase (0.885) and comparable to that for soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) (0.997). Based on ROC curve analysis, the 3-HK/KA ratio was found to be useful biomarker for the diagnosis of DLBCL. Conclusion Our results suggest that the 3-HK/KA ratio is a clinically useful biomarker of DLBCL. Moreover, its combination with existing markers, such as sIL-2R, can improve its effectiveness of diagnosing DLBCL.
Coefficients of variation analyses of internal quality control status for blood lead in China from 2015 to 2023
Authors: Ma Han , Wang Wei , Dong Na , Liu Jiali , Yuan Shuai , Zhang Chuanbao , Zhang Chao , Zeng Jie , Yan Ying , Wang Zhiguo 
Published: October 2024

Background Blood lead test is widely conducted in Chinese laboratories, while the imprecision of blood lead measurement based on internal quality control (IQC) across China has not been comprehensively evaluated nowadays. Methods Using the IQC data of blood lead collected through a web-based external quality assessment (EQA) reporting system, we analysed current coefficients of variation (CVs) of blood lead from 2015 to 2023 among Chinese laboratories. Two allowable total error (TEa) imprecision levels from EQA were applied to calculate the pass rates, namely percentages of laboratories meeting precision quality specifications. Besides, CV values and pass rates by different subgroups were further performed to assess potential differences. Results Generally, median CV values significantly declined year by year from 6.8% in February 2015 to 5.9% in March 2023. The pass rates based on 1/3 TEa showed upward trends increasing from 15.3% in February 2015 to 20.0% in March 2023, but these percentages were non-ideal with less than 25%. No significant differences in CVs were found between tertiary hospitals and non-tertiary hospitals and between accredited and non-accredited laboratories. Significant time trends were observed in tertiary hospitals and non-accredited laboratories. As for manufacturers, Bohui and self-made QC sample were most widely used with obvious interannual declining trends of CVs. Conclusions The CVs of blood lead demonstrated continuous overall improvements in the past twenty years. However, relatively lower pass rates indicated the non-ideal imprecision performance, and more proper performance specifications are warranted. Thus, imprecision improvement and ongoing investigation for blood lead IQC are still needed.
Value Relevance and Share Price Dynamics: An Empirical Analysis of Indian Multinational Corporations
Authors: Goyal Pallavi , Kumar Sanil , Ayushman * , Arya Vijay Vrat 
Published: October 2024

The share price is one of the major aspects of taking financial decisions by the investors. This study has investigated the impact of value relevance on the share price of Indian multinational companies. In this study, the top 10 multinational corporations (MNCs) have been taken for the analysis of data from the financial year 2018–2019 to 2022–2023. However, share price has been considered a dependent variable, whereas earnings per share (EPS), book value per share (BVPS), price to book value (PB), price to earnings (PE) and assets turnover ratio (ATR) have been considered independent variables. By employing correlation, ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effect model (FEM), random effect model (REM), Hausman test and the Jarque–Bera test, data have been analysed and significant associations among the given variables have been found. The outcome of the study has revealed that there is a significant impact of value relevance on the share price of the MNCs in India, as the p value derived from the analysis is less than .05. This means that a statistically significant relationship exists between the variables considered in the study. JEL Codes: G10, M41, Y10
Indian Planning Commission and the Aftermath
Authors: Sarma Atul 
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the context and the objectives of setting up a Planning Commission in a mixed economy framework that India had adopted in the post-colonial period. It also deals with its working, the method of framing a Five-Year Plan, the operation of a plan in the federal democratic system and its adaptation in the paradigm shift from a command economy to a market-driven system. The article further discusses both its contributions, as well as the various frailties that have crept into its functioning, and makes a case for restructuring and reforms. The article briefly indicates the shape of things to come after dismantling the Planning Commission in 2015 and replacing it with a new institution called the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog, with new mandates. JEL Code: O29
The effect of climate crisis on bipolar disorder: A qualitative study about experiences of individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder
Authors: Aktaş Mehmet Cihad , Ayhan Cemile Hurrem , Karan Esra 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: It can be said that the bipolar disorder is influenced by weather events. It is stated that climate change can have direct and indirect effects on bipolar disorder. Determining the impact of the climate crisis on individuals with bipolar disorder may assist in the development of preventive, protective and active treatment interventions for this group. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the views and experiences of people with bipolar disorder about the impact of the climate crisis on their illness. Method: The study was conducted using the phenomenological method, one of the qualitative study methods. Purposive sampling was used to select the sample for the study. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with the selected sample group. Data saturation was reached with 11 participants and data collection was finalized. The study data was collected using a personal information form and an open-ended structured interview form in which participants were asked about their views and experiences of the climate crisis. Voice recordings were transcribed, and categories, sub-themes and themes were formed. Results: Based on the statements of people with a bipolar diagnosis, the study formed the themes of emotional impact, negative physical impact, impact on daily life, impact on symptoms, negative impact on recovery and ways of coping. Conclusion: People with a bipolar diagnosis are negatively affected by the impact of the climate crisis in many areas. There is a need to develop intervention programmes to arm people with a bipolar diagnosis against the negative effects of the climate crisis.
‘The Optimism of the Intellect’: The Wor(l)ds of the Writerly Teacher Upendra Baxi
Authors: Kannabiran Kalpana 
Published: October 2024

U Baxi, A Narain, L Liang, S Kakarala, S Chaganti, Of Law and Life: Upendra Baxi in Conversation With Arvind Narrain, Lawrence Liang, Sitharamam Kakarala, Sruti Chaganti, Orient BlackSwan, 2024, xxii + 582 pp., ₹2310, ISBN 978-93-5442-304-8 (Hardcover). U Baxi, Towards a Sociology of Indian Law, Law and Justice Publishing Company, 2024, xxix + 250 pp., ₹425, ISBN 978-81-19129-94-2 (Paperback).
Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine in post-stroke anxiety-A pilot prospective randomized open blinded endpoint (PROBE) study
Authors: Barki Satish , Vibha Deepti , Pachipala Sudhir , Tayade Kamalesh , Misra Shubham , Nath Manabesh , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Nand 
Published: October 2024

Objective The prevalence of post-stroke anxiety (PSA) is reported to be 20%–25%. There is insufficient evidence on the efficacy of antidepressants for treating anxiety in such patients. This Prospective Randomized Open Blinded Endpoint (PROBE) study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of fluoxetine in PSA. Methods In this single-center pilot study conducted in India, post-stroke patients (between 1 to 6 months) were randomized to fluoxetine (intervention group: 20 mg/day for 12 weeks) or standard medical care (control group). The primary outcome was improvement in the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) at 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes were anxiety remission (>50% improvement in HAM-A), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index (BI), quality of life (SF-36), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). A linear regression analysis was done for determinants of HAM-A to account for baseline differences in the intervention and control groups. Results A total of 60 patients were randomized: (30: intervention, 30: control). The overall prevalence of post-stroke anxiety among participants in the study was 50.8%, and 31.5% experienced both anxiety and depression. The average HAM-A score at baseline was 11, and average follow-up score at study conclusion was 4. There was similar improvement in the HAM-A score at 12 weeks post-randomization in the intervention and control groups [fluoxetine: −8.0 (95% CI = −11.0 to −4.0); control: −7.0 (95% CI = −9.5 to −4.0); P = 0.91]. Likewise, there was no significant difference between intervention and control groups at 12 weeks post-randomization on the mRS, BI, SF-36, or HAM-D. There were no serious adverse events in either group during the study. Conclusion Fluoxetine and standard medical care had comparable improvement in HAM-A in post-stroke patients with mild anxiety at 12 weeks. Further study of the pharmacological treatment of post-stroke patients with more severe anxiety is needed. Clinical trial registration CTRI/2018/12/016568.
Digital Economy and Urban Carbon Emissions: A Quasi-Natural Experiment of the National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone in China
Authors: Pan Liqun , Zhang Yu , Li Jing , Lin Feng 
Published: October 2024

In this study, we assess the impact of digital economy development on urban carbon emissions using a difference-in-differences (DID) approach based on the quasi-natural experiment of the national big data comprehensive pilot zone (NBDCPZ) policy and panel data from 168 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2019. We find that the establishment of NBDCPZ has a significant carbon emission reduction effect. This finding is robust to various sensitivity tests. Further mechanism validation illustrates that the construction of NBDCPZ promotes the regional digital development level and reduces urban carbon emissions through three channels: improving energy efficiency to optimize energy consumption, increasing green total factor productivity, and promoting the clustering of high-tech industries. The heterogeneity analysis concludes that the carbon emission reduction effect of NBDCPZ policy varies with different regional locations and different city characteristics. Moreover, using spatial models, we find that the positive impact is characterized by spatial spillover effect. The findings provide detailed empirical evidence to formulate urban development strategies for enabling carbon reduction of the digital economy. JEL Classification: O30, Q53, Q55, Q58, R10
Downregulation of miR-138-5p alleviates propofol-induced neurotoxicity and autophagy by regulating SIRT1
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Wang Yiqiao , Xu Feng , Zhao Binbin , Liang Xiangnan , Shu Jianwei 
Published: October 2024

Background Propofol, a commonly utilized anesthetic, has been shown to induce neurotoxicity in developing neurons. A previous study showed that microRNA (miR)-138-5p was dysregulated in hippocampus tissue of mice administrated with propofol. The current study aimed to investigate the functions of miR-138-5p and its target gene in propofol-induced neurotoxicity. Methods SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were treated with increasing doses of propofol for indicated time to identify the optimal concentration and treatment time. MiR-138-5p and SIRT1 expression in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells stimulated with propofol were measured by RT-qPCR. Western blotting was performed to quantify protein levels of SIRT1 and autophagy markers. After interference of miR-138-5p and/or SIRT1 expression, the toxicity of SH-SY5Y neuronal cells was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and flow cytometry. The formation of autophagosomes was estimated by monodansylcadaverine staining. Results Propofol induced neurotoxicity in a dose- or time-dependent manner. Propofol upregulated miR-138-5p while downregulating SIRT1 in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. The propofol-stimulated neurotoxicity and autophagy was inhibited by miR-138-5p knockdown. Moreover, miR-138-5p bound to SIRT1 3′untranslated region. SIRT1 overexpression increased cell viability while inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy in the context of propofol. SIRT1 downregulation reversed the ameliorative effect of miR-138-5p inhibition on propofol-induced neurotoxicity and autophagy. Conclusion Downregulation of miR-138-5p alleviates propofol-induced neurotoxicity and autophagy via upregulation of SIRT1.