bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pumping approximately integrable systems
Authors: Lange Florian , Lenarčič Zala , Rosch Achim 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWeak perturbations can drive an interacting many-particle system far from its initial equilibrium state if one is able to pump into degrees of freedom approximately protected by conservation laws. This concept has for example been used to realize Bose–Einstein condensates of photons, magnons and excitons. Integrable quantum systems, like the one-dimensional Heisenberg model, are characterized by an infinite set of conservation laws. Here, we develop a theory of weakly driven integrable systems and show that pumping can induce large spin or heat currents even in the presence of integrability breaking perturbations, since it activates local and quasi-local approximate conserved quantities. The resulting steady state is qualitatively captured by a truncated generalized Gibbs ensemble with Lagrange parameters that depend on the structure but not on the overall amplitude of perturbations nor the initial state. We suggest to use spin-chain materials driven by terahertz radiation to realize integrability-based spin and heat pumps.
Discovery and identification of O, O-diethyl O-(4-(5-phenyl-4, 5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl) phenyl) phosphorothioate (XP-1408) as a novel mode of action of organophosphorus insecticides
Authors: Zeng Zhigang , Yan Ying , Wang Bingfeng , Liu Niu , Xu Hanhong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOrganophosphorus (OP) insecticides play an important role in pest control. Many OP insecticides have been removed from the market because of their high toxicity to humans. We designed and synthesized a new OP insecticide with the goal of providing a low cost, and less toxic insecticide. The mode of action of O, O-diethyl O-(4-(5-phenyl-4, 5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl) phenyl) phosphorothioate (XP-1408) was studied in Drosophila melanogaster. Bioassays showed that XP-1408 at a concentration of 50 mg/L delayed larval development. Molecular docking into Drosophila acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and voltage-gated sodium channels suggested that XP-1408 fitted into their active sites and could be inhibitory. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings indicated that XP-1408 exhibited synergistic effects involving the inhibition of cholinergic synaptic transmission and blockage of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels and sodium (Nav) channels. In conclusion, the multiple actions of XP-1408 rendered it as a lead compound for formulating OP insecticides with a novel mode of action.
Bacterial Diversity of Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Substance Use Disorders Revealed by 16S rRNA Gene Deep Sequencing
Authors: Xu Yu , Xie Zhenrong , Wang Huawei , Shen Zongwen , Guo Youbing , Gao Yunhong , Chen Xin , Wu Qiang , Li Xuejun , Wang Kunhua 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSubstance abuse and addiction are worldwide concerns. In China, populated with over 1.3 billion people, emerging studies show a steady increase in substance abuse and substance-related problems. Some of the major challenges include a lack of an effective evaluation platform to determine the health status of substance-addicted subjects. It is known that the intestinal microbiota is associated to the occurrence and development of human diseases. However, the changes of bacterial diversity of intestinal microbiota in substance-addicted subjects have not been clearly characterized. Herein, we examined the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota in 45 patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) and in 48 healthy controls (HCs). The results show that the observed species diversity index and the abundance of Thauera, Paracoccus, and Prevotella are significantly higher in SUDs compared to HCs. The functional diversity of the putative metagenomes analysis reveals that pathways including translation, DNA replication and repair, and cell growth and death are over-represented while cellular processes and signaling, and metabolism are under-represented in SUDs. Overall, the analyses show that there seem to be changes in the microbiota that are associated with substance use across an array of SUDs, providing fundamental knowledge for future research in substance-addiction assessment tests.
Prehistoric cooking versus accurate palaeotemperature records in shell midden constituents
Authors: Müller Peter , Staudigel Philip T. , Murray Sean T. , Vernet Robert , Barusseau Jean-Paul , Westphal Hildegard , Swart Peter K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe reconstruction of pre-depositional cooking treatments used by prehistoric coastal populations for processing aquatic faunal resources is often difficult in archaeological shell midden assemblages. Besides limiting our knowledge of various social, cultural, economic and technological aspects of shell midden formation, unknown pre-depositional cooking techniques can also introduce large errors in palaeoclimate reconstructions as they can considerably alter the geochemical proxy signatures in calcareous skeletal structures such as bivalve shells or fish otoliths. Based on experimental and archaeological data, we show that carbonate clumped-isotope thermometry can be used to detect and reconstruct prehistoric processing methods in skeletal aragonite from archaeological shell midden assemblages. Given the temperature-dependent re-equilibration of clumped isotopes in aragonitic carbonates, this allows specific processing, cooking or trash dispersal strategies such as boiling, roasting, or burning to be differentiated. Besides permitting the detailed reconstruction of cultural or technological aspects of shell midden formation, this also allows erroneous palaeoclimate reconstructions to be avoided as all aragonitic shells subjected to pre-historic cooking methods show a clear alteration of their initial oxygen isotopic composition.
Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Poly-ADP-ribose Polymerase from Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Haikarainen Teemu , Schlesinger Mariana , Obaji Ezeogo , Fernández Villamil Silvia H. , Lehtiö Lari 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTrypanosoma brucei is a unicellular parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness. It contains a single PARP enzyme opposed to many higher eukaryotes, which have numerous PARPs. PARPs are responsible for a post-translational modification, ADP-ribosylation, regulating a multitude of cellular events. T. brucei PARP, like human PARPs-1-3, is activated by DNA binding and it potentially functions in DNA repair processes. Here we characterized activation requirements, structure and subcellular localization of T. brucei PARP. T. brucei PARP was found to be selectively activated by 5′ phosphorylated and 3′ phosphorylated DNA breaks. Importantly, the N-terminal region is responsible for high-affinity DNA-binding and required for DNA-dependent enzymatic activation. This module is also required for nuclear localization of the protein in response to oxidative stress. Solution structures of activating and non-activating PARP-DNA complexes were determined with small-angle X-ray scattering revealing distinct differences in their DNA-binding modes.
Targeting glioma stem cells in vivo by a G-quadruplex-stabilizing synthetic macrocyclic hexaoxazole
Authors: Nakamura Takahiro , Okabe Sachiko , Yoshida Haruka , Iida Keisuke , Ma Yue , Sasaki Shogo , Yamori Takao , Shin-ya Kazuo , Nakano Ichiro , Nagasawa Kazuo , Seimiya Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractG-quadruplex (G4) is a higher-order nucleic acid structure that is formed by guanine-rich sequences. G4 stabilization by small-molecule compounds called G4 ligands often causes cytotoxicity, although the potential medicinal impact of this effect has not been fully established. Here we demonstrate that a synthetic G4 ligand, Y2H2-6M(4)-oxazole telomestatin derivative (6OTD), limits the growth of intractable glioblastoma (grade IV glioma) and glioma stem cells (GSCs). Experiments involving a human cancer cell line panel and mouse xenografts revealed that 6OTD exhibits antitumor activity against glioblastoma. 6OTD inhibited the growth of GSCs more potently than it did the growth of differentiated non-stem glioma cells (NSGCs). 6OTD caused DNA damage, G1 cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in GSCs but not in NSGCs. These DNA damage foci tended to colocalize with telomeres, which contain repetitive G4-forming sequences. Compared with temozolomide, a clinical DNA-alkylating agent against glioma, 6OTD required lower concentrations to exert anti-cancer effects and preferentially affected GSCs and telomeres. 6OTD suppressed the intracranial growth of GSC-derived tumors in a mouse xenograft model. These observations indicate that 6OTD targets GSCs through G4 stabilization and promotion of DNA damage responses. Therefore, G4s are promising therapeutic targets for glioblastoma.
LEA29Y expression in transgenic neonatal porcine islet-like cluster promotes long-lasting xenograft survival in humanized mice without immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Buerck L. Wolf-van , Schuster M. , Oduncu F. S. , Baehr A. , Mayr T. , Guethoff S. , Abicht J. , Reichart B. , Klymiuk N. , Wolf E. , Seissler J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGenetically engineered pigs are a promising source for islet cell transplantation in type 1 diabetes, but the strong human anti-pig immune response prevents its successful clinical application. Here we studied the efficacy of neonatal porcine islet-like cell clusters (NPICCs) overexpressing LEA29Y, a high-affinity variant of the T cell co-stimulation inhibitor CTLA-4Ig, to engraft and restore normoglycemia after transplantation into streptozotocin-diabetic NOD-SCID IL2rγ−/− (NSG) mice stably reconstituted with a human immune system. Transplantation of INSLEA29Y expressing NPICCs resulted in development of normal glucose tolerance (70.4%) and long-term maintenance of normoglycemia without administration of immunosuppressive drugs. All animals transplanted with wild-type NPICCs remained diabetic. Immunohistological examinations revealed a strong peri- and intragraft infiltration of wild-type NPICCs with human CD45+ immune cells consisting of predominantly CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and some CD68+ macrophages and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Significantly less infiltrating lymphocytes and only few macrophages were observed in animals transplanted with INSLEA29Y transgenic NPICCs. This is the first study providing evidence that beta cell-specific LEA29Y expression is effective for NPICC engraftment in the presence of a humanized immune system and it has a long-lasting protective effect on inhibition of human anti-pig xenoimmunity. Our findings may have important implications for the development of a low-toxic protocol for porcine islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Quintuple‐mode wideband filter based on a single metal cavity
Authors: Wong Sai‐Wai , Zheng Bing‐Long , Zhu Lei , Chu Qing‐Xin 
Published: June 2017

A quintuple‐mode wideband filter based on a single cavity is proposed. A pair of shorting pins is inserted into the cuboid cavity along the symmetry plane. The cavity filter is fed by a pair of coaxial cables and the inner conductor is inserted into the cavity with a circular disc at the end of the probe. The pair of inserted probes and the pair of shorting pins excite five resonant modes in the cavity. The proposed filter has the central frequency at 5.8 GHz with a bandwidth of 70%. Meanwhile the wideband filter has transmission zeros at the lower and upper‐stopbands to improve the selectivity and out‐of‐band performance. The measured insertion loss is <0.65 dB, and all measured results have a reasonably good agreement with the simulated results.
Temperature‐dependent characteristics of InP‐RTD‐based microwave amplifier IC
Authors: Lee J. , Yang K. 
Published: June 2017

A reflection‐type microwave amplifier using InP‐based resonant tunnelling diodes (RTDs) has been designed and fabricated. The implemented amplifier shows a low dc‐power consumption of 270 μW with RF gains of more than 11 dB at 5.61 GHz. Temperature‐dependent characteristics of the RTD amplifier have been investigated at a high temperature. With increasing temperature from 25 to 100°C, the centre frequency shift was measured to be 60 MHz. The RF gains (S21/S12) and the return losses (S11/S22) of the amplifier decreased from 11.45/11.32 and −7.96/−8.11 dB at 25°C to 7.06/6.91 and −11.36/−11.15 dB at 100°C, respectively. The S‐parameter degradation phenomena are shown to mainly arise from the temperature dependence of the negative differential resistance (RD) characteristic for the fabricated RTD.
Inductive loaded compact monopole antenna for ultra‐wideband applications
Authors: Asokan Hefilia , Gopalakrishnan Srivatsun 
Published: June 2017

An effective method to design an ultra‐wideband antenna using a vertical narrow strip element is described. The proposed low profile antenna has good radiation characteristics such as polarisation purity, omnidirectional radiation pattern and good efficiency over the entire band of operation, which are the most desirable characteristics required for a wireless system to operate in the present high interference environment. The designed antenna has a measured return loss of below −10 dB and low cross polarised uniform omnidirectional pattern measured in anechoic chamber for the frequency range of 2.85 to 10.6 GHz.
Dual‐band implantable antenna with circular polarisation property for ingestible capsule application
Authors: Duan Zhu , Xu Li‐jie 
Published: June 2017

A novel capsule antenna with dual‐band performance and small occupation of inner capsule space is proposed. The antenna is designed by combining rigid Rogers substrate with flexible polyimide, which takes full utilisation of capsule inner surface and the system ground for implanted electronics. The antenna structure is based on two identical orthogonal strips, each connected with one conformal L‐strip. In addition, a shorting pin is introduced, bringing in a fundamental resonance at 1.4 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band with linear polarisation. Besides, with the adoption of the shorting pin, two extra resonant modes are excited and split in higher band, generating two orthogonal electric fields with equal amplitude and π/2 phase difference; therefore, covering another ISM band at 2.45 GHz with circular polarisation property. Finally, the simulation results show a wide impedance bandwidth of 16.2% at 1.4 GHz ISM band (for |S11| <−10 dB), and a broad axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 34.8% at 2.45 GHz ISM band (for |S11| < −10 dB and AR <3 dB), with dual‐band operation further validated by measurement result.
Neural network model predictive control optimisation for large wind turbines
Authors: Han Bing , Kong Xiaofang , Zhang Zhiwen , Zhou Lawu 
Published: June 2017

Energy poverty limits the economy and social development throughout the world. Wind turbine reduces the energy costs and facilitates the development of renewable energy industry, which provides an effective solution to energy crisis and environment pollution and develops rapidly in recently years. In this paper, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) optimisation model predictive control (MPC) was proposed for large wind turbines. In accordance with the complexity and uncertainty of wind turbine operation, a linear model based on the blade element momentum theory was established and the influencing factors of the proposed model were evaluated. The MPC taking into full account three degrees of freedom control multivariate was enforced by RBFNN prediction model, which meets the requirements of specified operation region. Additionally, the RBFNN prediction model with the memory of complicated rules and changed trend was trained by a great deal of historical data. The RBFNN in combination with MPC solves global optimisation problems and improves the dynamic performance of system. Simulation results for three‐bladed 5 MW onshore wind turbine verified the effectiveness of the proposed method and confirmed the fact that the fatigue loads were significantly reduced in the turbine tower.
Morning Glory Disc Anomaly Associated with Ipsilateral Optic Nerve and Chiasm Thickening: Three Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pinelli Lorenzo , Scaramuzzi Matteo , Galli Jessica , Fazzi Elisa , Parazzini Cecilia , Righini Andrea , Nucci Paolo , Doneda Chiara 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSeveral extraorbital findings have been described in morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA), including optic pathway abnormalities. We want to emphasize the importance of looking for ipsilateral optic nerve and chiasm thickening in MGDA-affected patients because we think that it may be a relevant common associated finding to date not stressed by anyone. We report three cases of clinically diagnosed unilateral MGDA in which magnetic resonance imaging revealed enlargement of the ipsilateral optic nerve and chiasm. A literature analysis was made and previously reported MGDA cases, and case series were checked, looking for described, or misunderstood similar magnetic resonance imaging findings. Three other cases with very similar prechiasmatic optic nerve and chiasm findings were identified from the literature. Two further cases are discussed as possibly characterized by similar misinterpreted magnetic resonance features. Our study broadens the constellation of intra- and extraorbital findings of MGDA. Though magnetic resonance imaging is not sufficient to determine the neuropathological substrate of this finding, clinicians and radiologists should be aware of the possible association of MGDA with ipsilateral thickening of the optic nerve and chiasm, to properly plan the clinical and imaging follow-up.
Multicentric Hemangiopericytoma of Posterior Fossa: A Rare Case and Review of Literature
Authors: Naik Harish , Vernon Velho , Bhide Anuj , Guha Amrita , Bhople Laxmikant , Jain Nimesh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntracranial hemangiopericytoma is unusual, and those occurring in the posterior fossa are extremely rare. Surgery followed by radiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. These tumors are known to recur locally and distant metastases are reported. Multicentricity either in the primary setting or in recurrent setting is rarely reported. We report here a rare case of multicentric posterior fossa hemangiopericytoma occurring in a 38-year-old man at two different intervals. The patient underwent total excision of right tentorial hemangiopericytoma in 2013, followed by radiotherapy. After being free from disease for 3 years, he developed a similar lesion on left tentorial leaflet in 2016 for which a total excision was once again done followed by adjuvant radiotherapy.
Characteristics and Unmet Clinical Needs Related to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Newson Jordan , Kinachtchouk Nickolas , Schachtschneider Kyle , Schwind Regina , Schook Lawrence 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAdvances in biomedical research require animal models that accurately recapitulate human disease. Without such models, progress against human diseases such as cancer is significantly hindered. Here, we present the current landscape on available and emerging hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) animal models. HCC is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an annual death toll exceeding 745,000. Stunningly, only 15% of HCC patients are candidates for curative therapy, leading 85% of patients to seek palliative therapeutic options. The VX2 rabbit model is considered the most relevant and widely used HCC model; however, more reliable HCC models are critically needed. In general, animal models for biomedical research should (1) mimic the human disease on a molecular basis, (2) derive from a relevant cell line that lends itself to in vitro study, (3) be reliable and predictable, (4) manifest survival differences, (5) allow for accurate treatment assessment, (6) be readily imaged, and (7) occur in similar background settings as the human disease. Over the past decades, numerous small animal models have been utilized for HCC studies; however, the development of new large animal models as qualified alternatives to murine models represents a key technology to advance research into human clinical trials.
Nahfolgen, Fernfolgen, zurechenbare Folgen – warum es nicht ohne das Konzept der Zurechnung geht
Authors: Lübbe Weyma 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungBreyer und Kliemt opponieren anscheinend nur gegen eine meiner 3 Thesen: dass die Allokationspräferenzen, die in der Priorisierungsdebatte unter dem Stichwort „Rule of Rescue“ diskutiert werden, nicht irrational seien. Den neuerdings gegen die einschlägige Praxis erhobenen Diskriminierungsvorwurf, den ich ebenfalls kritisiere, wollen die Kommentatoren ausdrücklich nicht verteidigen. Zusätzlich habe ich, drittens, die These vertreten, dass beide Vorwürfe – der Irrationalitätsvorwurf ebenso wie der Diskriminierungsvorwurf – auf einem Mangel an handlungstheoretischer Reflexion beruhen. Darauf nehmen Breyer und Kliemt in ihrem Beitrag nicht Bezug. In der Replik soll deutlich werden, dass es sich gelohnt hätte, diesen Hinweis auf die grundbegrifflichen Quellen der Debatte ernster zu nehmen. Auch meine Ausführungen zum Melanom-Beispiel wären dann anders gelesen worden. Sie belegen nämlich nicht, dass ich mich der Kosten-Nutzen-Abwägung auch selbst bediene.
Therapieziele der neoadjuvanten Therapie – Präferenzen von Patientinnen mit frühem Mammakarzinom
Authors: Thill M. , Pisa G. , Isbary G. 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Therapeuten und Behörden betrachten eine pathologische Komplettremission (pCR) als eigenständigen und relevanten Endpunkt zur Beurteilung des klinischen Nutzens einer neoadjuvanten Therapie beim frühen Mammakarzinom. Die vorliegende Studie sollte untersuchen, welche Behandlungsziele einer neoadjuvanten Therapie Patientinnen selbst als relevant erachten.
Material und Methodik Mithilfe der Analytical-Hierarchy-Process-(AHP-)Methode wurden Patientenpräferenzen zu Behandlungszielen einer neoadjuvanten Therapie quantitativ gewichtet. Alle Probandinnen hatten eine neoadjuvante Therapie in Form einer Chemotherapie und bei HER2-Positivität einer zielgerichteten Antikörpertherapie gegen HER2 aufgrund der Primärdiagnose eines Mammakarzinoms 12 – 36 Monaten vor der Befragung erhalten. Die Kriterien des Hierarchiemodells wurden in einer vorangehenden qualitativen Befragung identifiziert. Die Patientinneninterviews wurden von 4 erfahrenen Interviewerinnen durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse An der quantitativen Befragung nahmen 41 Patientinnen teil, davon 15 (36,6 %) mit HER2-positiver Erkrankung. Das Erreichen einer pCR stellte für die Patientinnen das wichtigste Therapieziel vor krankheitsfreiem Überleben, Gesamtüberleben und der Möglichkeit einer brusterhaltenden Operation dar. Der Vermeidung von Nebenwirkungen wurde die geringste Bedeutung zugemessen. Beim Vergleich der Nebenwirkungen hatte für die Patientinnen Fatigue den höchsten Stellenwert vor Übelkeit und Haarausfall.
Fazit Das Erreichen einer pathologischen Komplettremission stellt für Patientinnen ein eigenständiges relevantes und vorrangiges Ziel einer neoadjuvanten Therapie dar.