bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terahertz radiation driven by two-color laser pulses at near-relativistic intensities: Competition between photoionization and wakefield effects
Authors: González de Alaiza Martínez P. , Davoine X. , Debayle A. , Gremillet L. , Bergé L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe numerically investigate terahertz (THz) pulse generation by linearly-polarized, two-color femtosecond laser pulses in highly-ionized argon. Major processes consist of tunneling photoionization and ponderomotive forces associated with transverse and longitudinal field excitations. By means of two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we reveal the importance of photocurrent mechanisms besides transverse and longitudinal plasma waves for laser intensities >1015 W/cm2. We demonstrate the following. (i) With two-color pulses, photoionization prevails in the generation of GV/m THz fields up to 1017 W/cm2 laser intensities and suddenly loses efficiency near the relativistic threshold, as the outermost electron shell of ionized Ar atoms has been fully depleted. (ii) PIC results can be explained by a one-dimensional Maxwell-fluid model and its semi-analytical solutions, offering the first unified description of the main THz sources created in plasmas. (iii) The THz power emitted outside the plasma channel mostly originates from the transverse currents.
Decreased extracellular pH inhibits osteogenesis through proton-sensing GPR4-mediated suppression of yes-associated protein
Authors: Tao Shi-Cong , Gao You-Shui , Zhu Hong-Yi , Yin Jun-Hui , Chen Yi-Xuan , Zhang Yue-Lei , Guo Shang-Chun , Zhang Chang-Qing 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe pH of extracellular fluids is a basic property of the tissue microenvironment and is normally maintained at 7.40 ± 0.05 in humans. Many pathological circumstances, such as ischemia, inflammation and tumorigenesis, result in the reduction of extracellular pH in the affected tissues. In this study, we reported that the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was significantly inhibited by decreases in the extracellular pH. Moreover, we demonstrated that proton-sensing GPR4 signaling mediated the proton-induced inhibitory effects on the osteogenesis of BMSCs. Additionally, we found that YAP was the downstream effector of GPR4 signaling. Our findings revealed that the extracellular pH modulates the osteogenic responses of BMSCs by regulating the proton-sensing GPR4-YAP pathway.
Functional characterization of ABCB4 mutations found in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3
Authors: Park Hyo Jin , Kim Tae Hee , Kim So Won , Noh Shin Hye , Cho Kyeong Jee , Choi Choe , Kwon Eun Young , Choi Yang Ji , Gee Heon Yung , Choi Ji Ha 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMultidrug resistance 3 (MDR3), encoded by the ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, member 4 gene (ABCB4), localizes to the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes and translocates phosphatidylcholine from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet of the canalicular membrane. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3) is a rare hepatic disease caused by genetic mutations of ABCB4. In this study, we characterized 8 ABCB4 mutations found in PFIC3 patients, using in vitro molecular assays. First, we examined the transport activity of each mutant by measuring its ATPase activity using paclitaxel or phosphatidylcholine. Then, the pathogenic mechanisms by which these mutations affect MDR3 were examined through immunoblotting, cell surface biotinylation, and immunofluorescence. As a result, three ABCB4 mutants showed significantly reduced transport activity. Among these mutants, one mutation A364V, located in intracellular domains, markedly decreased MDR3 expression on the plasma membrane, while the others did not affect the expression. The expression of MDR3 on the plasma membrane and transport activity of A364V was rescued by a pharmacological chaperone, cyclosporin A. Our study provides the molecular mechanisms of ABCB4 mutations and may contribute to the understanding of PFIC3 pathogenesis and the development of a mutation-specific targeted treatment for PFIC3.
Eigenstress model for electrochemistry of solid surfaces
Authors: Ma Hongxin , Xiong Xilin , Gao Panpan , Li Xi , Yan Yu , Volinsky Alex A. , Su Yanjing 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThermodynamic analysis and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to systematically study the size-dependent electrochemical response of solids. By combining the generalized Young-Laplace equation with the popular Butler-Volmer formulation, the direct influence of surface stress on solid film electrochemical reactions was isolated. A series of thermodynamic formulas were developed to describe the size-dependent electrochemical properties of the solid surface. These formulas include intrinsic surface elastic parameters, such as surface eigenstress and surface elastic modulus. Metallic films of Au, Pt, Ni, Cu and Fe were studied as examples. The anodic current density of the metal film increased, while the equilibrium potential decreased with increasing solid film thickness.
Antibody validation and scoring guidelines for ABCG2 immunohistochemical staining in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colon cancer tissue
Authors: Cederbye Camilla Natasha , Palshof Jesper Andreas , Hansen Tine Plato , Duun-Henriksen Anne Katrine , Linnemann Dorte , Stenvang Jan , Nielsen Dorte Lisbet , Brünner Nils , Viuff Birgitte Martine 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOverexpression of the ATP-dependent drug efflux pump ABCG2 is a major molecular mechanism of multidrug resistance in cancer and might be a predictive biomarker for drug response. Contradictory results have been reported for immunohistochemical studies of ABCG2 protein expression in colorectal cancer (CRC), probably because of the use of different antibodies and scoring approaches. In this study, we systematically studied six commercially available anti-ABCG2 antibodies, using cell lines with up-regulation of ABCG2, and selected one antibody for validation in CRC tissue. Furthermore, we established scoring guidelines for ABCG2 expression based on the clinically used guidelines for HER2 immunohistochemistry assessment in gastric cancer. The guidelines provide a semi-quantitative measure of the basolateral membrane staining of ABCG2 and disregard the apical membrane staining and the cytoplasmic signal. Intra-tumor heterogeneity in ABCG2 immunoreactivity was observed; however, statistical analyses of tissue microarrays (TMAs) and the corresponding whole sections from primary tumors of 57 metastatic CRC patients revealed a strong positive correlation between maximum TMA scores and whole sections, especially when more than one core was used. In conclusion, here, we provide validated results to guide future studies on the associations between ABCG2 immunoreactivity in tumor cells and the benefits of chemotherapeutic treatment in patients with CRC.
Paternal under-nutrition programs metabolic syndrome in offspring which can be reversed by antioxidant/vitamin food fortification in fathers
Authors: McPherson Nicole O. , Fullston Tod , Kang Wan Xian , Sandeman Lauren Y. , Corbett Mark A. , Owens Julie A. , Lane Michelle 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThere is an ever increasing body of evidence that demonstrates that paternal over-nutrition prior to conception programs impaired metabolic health in offspring. Here we examined whether paternal under-nutrition can also program impaired health in offspring and if any detrimental health outcomes in offspring could be prevented by micronutrient supplementation (vitamins and antioxidants). We discovered that restricting the food intake of male rodents reduced their body weight, fertility, increased sperm oxidative DNA lesions and reduced global sperm methylation. Under-nourished males then sired offspring with reduced postnatal weight and growth but somewhat paradoxically increased adiposity and dyslipidaemia, despite being fed standard chow. Paternal vitamin/antioxidant food fortification during under-nutrition not only normalised founder oxidative sperm DNA lesions but also prevented early growth restriction, fat accumulation and dyslipidaemia in offspring. This demonstrates that paternal under-nutrition reduces postnatal growth but increases the risk of obesity and metabolic disease in the next generation and that micronutrient supplementation during this period of under-nutrition is capable of restoring offspring metabolic health.
Reduced heterotrophy in the stony coral Galaxea fascicularis after life-long exposure to elevated carbon dioxide
Authors: Smith Joy N. , Strahl Julia , Noonan Sam H. C. , Schmidt Gertraud M. , Richter Claudio , Fabricius Katharina E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOcean acidification imposes many physiological, energetic, structural and ecological challenges to stony corals. While some corals may increase autotrophy under ocean acidification, another potential mechanism to alleviate some of the adverse effects on their physiology is to increase heterotrophy. We compared the feeding rates of Galaxea fascicularis colonies that have lived their entire lives under ocean acidification conditions at natural carbon dioxide (CO2) seeps with colonies living under present-day CO2 conditions. When provided with the same quantity and composition of zooplankton as food, corals acclimatized to high CO2 showed 2.8 to 4.8 times depressed rates of zooplankton feeding. Results were consistent over four experiments, from two expeditions and both in field and chamber measurements. Unless replenished by other sources, reduced zooplankton uptake in G. fascicularis acclimatized to ocean acidification is likely to entail a shortage of vital nutrients, potentially jeopardizing their health and survival in future oceans.
Aqueous synthesis of LiFePO4 with Fractal Granularity
Authors: Cabán-Huertas Zahilia , Ayyad Omar , Dubal Deepak P. , Gómez-Romero Pedro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) electrodes with fractal granularity are reported. They were made from a starting material prepared in water by a low cost, easy and environmentally friendly hydrothermal method, thus avoiding the use of organic solvents. Our method leads to pure olivine phase, free of the impurities commonly found after other water-based syntheses. The fractal structures consisted of nanoparticles grown into larger micro-sized formations which in turn agglomerate leading to high tap density electrodes, which is beneficial for energy density. These intricate structures could be easily and effectively coated with a thin and uniform carbon layer for increased conductivity, as it is well established for simpler microstructures. Materials and electrodes were studied by means of XRD, SEM, TEM, SAED, XPS, Raman and TGA. Last but not least, lithium transport through fractal LiFePO4 electrodes was investigated based upon fractal theory. These water-made fractal electrodes lead to high-performance lithium cells (even at high rates) tested by CV and galvanostatic charge-discharge, their performance is comparable to state of the art (but less environmentally friendly) electrodes.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Silicon Nanocrystals in a Silica Film
Authors: Novikov Sergei , Khriachtchev Leonid 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSurface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an intriguing effect, efficiency of which depends on many factors and whose applicability to a given system is not obvious before the experiment. The motivation of the present work is to demonstrate the SERS effect on silicon nanocrystals (Si-nc) embedded in silica, the material of high technological importance. Using the Ag overlayer method, we have found the SERS effect for this material. The best result is obtained for Ag layers of a weight thickness of 12 nm, whose surface plasmons are in a resonance with the laser wavelength (488 nm). The enhancement obtained for the Raman signal from 3–4-nm Si-nc in a 40-nm SiOx film is above 100. The SERS effect is about twice stronger for ultra-small Si-nc (~1 nm) and/or disordered silicon compared to Si-nc with sizes of 3–4 nm. The SERS measurements with an Ag overlayer allow detecting silicon crystallization for ultra-thin SiOx films and/or for very low Si excess and suppress the Raman signal from the substrate and the photoluminescence of the film.
Congenital Aural Stenosis: Clinical Features and Long-term Outcomes
Authors: Li Chen-long , Chen Ying , Chen Yong-zheng , Fu Yao-yao , Zhang Tian-yu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to comprehensively evaluate the clinical features and long-term outcomes of congenital aural stenosis (CAS). This study presents a retrospective review of patients who underwent meatoplasty for CAS at a tertiary referral hospital from 2008 to 2015. A total of 246 meatoplasty procedures were performed on 232 patients in the present study. We performed multivariate regression analysis. Except in the age < 6 years group, no significant difference was observed among different age groups for cholesteatoma formation, p > 0.05. Except for the stenosis of the external auditory canal (EAC) (>4 mm) group, the other stenosis of EAC groups were not associated with cholesteatoma formation, p > 0.05. Postoperative air-bone gaps (ABG) less than 30 dB occurred in 77.3% (99/128) of the patients, and the Jahrsdoerfer score was associated with postoperative ABG, p < 0.001. The complication rate of CAS was 13.8% (20/144), and males showed a higher risk for postoperative complications (OR, 6.563; 95% CI, 1.268–33.966, p = 0.025). These results indicate that meatoplasty was an effective surgical intervention for CAS, showing a stable hearing outcome with prolonged follow-up. There was no significant difference between the cholesteatoma and no cholesteatoma groups for hearing outcomes, p > 0.05.
Interaction Induced High Catalytic Activities of CoO Nanoparticles Grown on Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Graphene Microspheres for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions
Authors: Jiang Zhong-Jie , Jiang Zhongqing 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNitrogen doped graphene hollow microspheres (NGHSs) have been used as the supports for the growth of the CoO nanoparticles. The nitrogen doped structure favors the nucleation and growth of the CoO nanoparticles and the CoO nanoparticles are mostly anchored on the quaternary nitrogen doped sites of the NGHSs with good monodispersity since the higher electron density of the quaternary nitrogen favors the nucleation and growth of the CoO nanoparticles through its coordination and electrostatic interactions with the Co2+ ions. The resulting NGHSs supported CoO nanoparticles (CoO/NGHSs) are highly active for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with activity and stability higher than the Pt/C and for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with activity and stability comparable to the most efficient catalysts reported to date. This indicates that the CoO/NGHSs could be used as efficient bi-functional catalysts for ORR and OER. Systematic analysis shows that the superior catalytic activities of the CoO/NGHSs for ORR and OER mainly originate from the nitrogen doped structure of the NGHSs, the small size of the CoO nanoparticles, the higher specific and electroactive surface area of the CoO/NGHSs, the good electric conductivity of the CoO/NGHSs, the strong interaction between the CoO nanoparticles and the NGHSs, etc.
Substrate-tuning of correlated spin-orbit oxides revealed by optical conductivity calculations
Authors: Kim Bongjae , Kim Beom Hyun , Kim Kyoo , Min B. I. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe have systematically investigated substrate-strain effects on the electronic structures of two representative Sr-iridates, a correlated-insulator Sr2IrO4 and a metal SrIrO3. Optical conductivities obtained by the ab initio electronic structure calculations reveal that the tensile strain shifts the optical peak positions to higher energy side with altered intensities, suggesting the enhancement of the electronic correlation and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) strength in Sr-iridates. The response of the electronic structure upon tensile strain is found to be highly correlated with the direction of magnetic moment, the octahedral connectivity, and the SOC strength, which cooperatively determine the robustness of Jeff = 1/2 ground states. Optical responses are analyzed also with microscopic model calculation and compared with corresponding experiments. In the case of SrIrO3, the evolution of the electronic structure near the Fermi level shows high tunability of hole bands, as suggested by previous experiments.
Differential effects of conifer and broadleaf litter inputs on soil organic carbon chemical composition through altered soil microbial community composition
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Shi-Rong , Wang Jing-Xin , Shi Zuo-Min , Xu Jia , Hong Pi-Zheng , Ming An-Gang , Yu Hao-Long , Chen Lin , Lu Li-Hua , Cai Dao-Xiong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA strategic selection of tree species will shift the type and quality of litter input and subsequently magnitude and composition of the soil organic carbon (SOC) through soil microbial community. We conducted a manipulative experiment in randomized block design with leaf litter inputs of four native subtropical tree species in a Pinus massoniana plantation in southern China and found that the chemical composition of SOC did not differ significantly among treatments until after 28 months of the experiment. Contrasting leaf litter inputs had significant impacts on the amounts of total microbial, Gram-positive bacterial and actinomycic PLFAs, but not on the amounts of total bacterial, Gram-negative bacterial and fungal PLFAs. There were significant differences in alkyl/O-alkyl C in soils among the leaf litter input treatments, but no apparent differences in the proportions of chemical compositions (alkyl, O-alkyl, aromatic and carbonyl C) in SOC. Soil alkyl/O-alkyl C was significantly related to the amounts of total microbial and Gram-positive bacterial PLFAs, but not to the chemical compositions of leaf litter. Our findings suggest that changes in forest leaf litter inputs could result in changes in chemical stability of SOC through the altered microbial community composition.
Multisite electrophysiological recordings by self-assembled loose-patch-like junctions between cultured hippocampal neurons and mushroom-shaped microelectrodes
Authors: Shmoel Nava , Rabieh Noha , Ojovan Silviya M. , Erez Hadas , Maydan Eilon , Spira Micha E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSubstrate integrated planar microelectrode arrays is the “gold standard” method for millisecond-resolution, long-term, large-scale, cell-noninvasive electrophysiological recordings from mammalian neuronal networks. Nevertheless, these devices suffer from drawbacks that are solved by spike-detecting, spike-sorting and signal-averaging techniques which rely on estimated parameters that require user supervision to correct errors, merge clusters and remove outliers. Here we show that primary rat hippocampal neurons grown on micrometer sized gold mushroom-shaped microelectrodes (gMμE) functionalized simply by poly-ethylene-imine/laminin undergo self-assembly processes to form loose patch-like hybrid structures. More than 90% of the hybrids formed in this way record monophasic positive action potentials (APs). Of these, 34.5% record APs with amplitudes above 300 μV and up to 5,085 μV. This self-assembled neuron-gMμE configuration improves the recording quality as compared to planar MEA. This study characterizes and analyzes the electrophysiological signaling repertoire generated by the neurons-gMμE configuration, and discusses prospects to further improve the technology.
The Natural Course of Intermittent Exotropia over a 3-year Period and the Factors Predicting the Control Deterioration
Authors: Kwok Jeremy J. S. W. , Chong Gabriela S. L. , Ko Simon T. C. , Yam Jason C.S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe natural course of intermittent exotropia and the factors affecting its control has been unclear. We aim to report the natural course of our cohort of 117 Chinese children with intermittent exotropia and to identify baseline parameters that may have predictive value in the control deterioration of the disease. The visual acuity, spherical equivalent, compliance to orthoptic exercise, angle of deviation fusional convergence parameters and Newcastle Control Score were recorded for all children at baseline and at 3 years apart. Patients were divided into two groups according to the change in control over the 3 years: group 1 included patients who had no deterioration or had improvement in disease control; and group 2 were those who had deteriorated control or had undergone surgery. There were 77 patients (66%) in group 1 and 40 (34%) patients in group 2. Comparing the baseline parameters of the two groups, group 1 had statistically significantly smaller angle of deviation, larger fusional reserve, larger fusional recovery and higher fusional reserve ratio (p < 0.05). Other baseline parameters were similar between the two groups. The baseline fusional parameters may have predictive value in determining the control of intermittent exotropia.
A nonlinear controlling function of geological features on magmatic–hydrothermal mineralization
Authors: Zuo Renguang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper reports a nonlinear controlling function of geological features on magmatic–hydrothermal mineralization, and proposes an alternative method to measure the spatial relationships between geological features and mineral deposits using multifractal singularity theory. It was observed that the greater the proximity to geological controlling features, the greater the number of mineral deposits developed, indicating a nonlinear spatial relationship between these features and mineral deposits. This phenomenon can be quantified using the relationship between the numbers of mineral deposits N(ε) of a D-dimensional set and the scale of ε. The density of mineral deposits can be expressed as ρ(ε) = Cε−(De−a), where ε is the buffer width of geological controlling features, De is Euclidean dimension of space (=2 in this case), a is singularity index, and C is a constant. The expression can be rewritten as ρ = Cεa−2. When a < 2, there is a significant spatial correlation between specific geological features and mineral deposits; lower a values indicate a more significant spatial correlation. This nonlinear relationship and the advantages of this method were illustrated using a case study from Fujian Province in China and a case study from Baguio district in Philippines.
Modeling adsorption with lattice Boltzmann equation
Authors: Guo Long , Xiao Lizhi , Shan Xiaowen , Zhang Xiaoling 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe research of adsorption theory has recently gained renewed attention due to its critical relevance to a number of trending industrial applications, hydrogen storage and shale gas exploration for instance. The existing theoretical foundation, laid mostly in the early twentieth century, was largely based on simple heuristic molecular interaction models and static interaction potential which, although being insightful in illuminating the fundamental mechanisms, are insufficient for computations with realistic adsorbent structure and adsorbate hydrodynamics, both critical for real-life applications. Here we present and validate a novel lattice Boltzmann model incorporating both adsorbate-adsorbate and adsorbate-adsorbent interactions with hydrodynamics which, for the first time, allows adsorption to be computed with real-life details. Connection with the classic Ono-Kondo lattice theory is established and various adsorption isotherms, both within and beyond the IUPAC classification are observed as a pseudo-potential is varied. This new approach not only enables an important physical to be simulated for real-life applications, but also provides an enabling theoretical framework within which the fundamentals of adsorption can be studied.