bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a robust workflow for deep crustal imaging by FWI of OBS data: The eastern Nankai Trough revisited
Authors: Górszczyk Andrzej , Operto Stéphane , Malinowski Michał 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCrustal‐scale imaging by the full‐waveform inversion (FWI) of long‐offset seismic data is inherently difficult because the large number of wavelengths propagating through the crust makes the inversion prone to cycle skipping. Therefore, efficient crustal‐scale FWI requires an accurate starting model and a stable workflow minimizing the nonlinearity of the inversion. Here we attempt to reprocess a challenging 2‐D ocean‐bottom seismometer (OBS) data set from the eastern Nankai Trough. The starting model is built by first‐arrival traveltime tomography (FAT), which is FWI assisted for tracking cycle skipping. We iteratively refine the picked traveltimes and then reiterate the FAT until the traveltime residuals remain below the cycle‐skipping limit. Subsequently, we apply Laplace‐Fourier FWI, in which progressive relaxation of time damping is nested within frequency continuation to hierarchically inject more data into the inversion. These two multiscale levels are complemented by a layer‐stripping approach implemented through offset continuation. The reliability of the FWI velocity model is assessed by means of source wavelet estimation, synthetic seismogram modeling, ray tracing modeling, dynamic warping, and checkerboard tests. Although the viscoacoustic approximation is used for wave modeling, the synthetic seismograms reproduce most of the complexity of the data with a high traveltime accuracy. The revised FWI scheme produces a high‐resolution velocity model of the entire crust that can be jointly interpreted with migrated images derived from multichannel seismic data. This study opens a new perspective on the design of OBS crustal‐scale experiments amenable to FWI; however, a further assessment of the optimal OBS spacing is required for reliable FWI.
Reconstruction of the electron diffusion region observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft: First results
Authors: Hasegawa H. , Sonnerup B. U. Ö. , Denton R. E. , Phan T.‐D. , Nakamura T. K. M. , Giles B. L. , Gershman D. J. , Dorelli J. C. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Ergun R. E. , Cassak P. A. , Kitamura N. , Saito Y. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present first results of the reconstruction of the electron diffusion region (EDR) based on a two‐dimensional, incompressible, and inertialess version of the electron magnetohydrodynamics equations. The method is applied to 30 ms resolution magnetic field, and electron moments data taken when the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft observed an EDR of near‐antiparallel magnetopause reconnection on 16 October 2015. An X‐type magnetic field configuration and quadrupolar Hall fields, consistent with the electron inflow and outflow, are successfully recovered. While MMS encountered a region of significant energy dissipation on the magnetospheric side of the sub‐ion‐scale current sheet, the reconstructions show that the MMS tetrahedron missed the X line by a distance of a few kilometers (~2 electron inertial lengths). The estimated reconnection electric field is 0.42–0.98 mV/m, equivalent to the dimensionless reconnection rate of 0.11–0.25. Signatures of three‐dimensional structures and/or time‐dependent processes are also identified.
Scanning SQUID microscopy of a ferromanganese crust from the northwestern Pacific: Submillimeter scale magnetostratigraphy as a new tool for age determination and mapping of environmental magnetic parameters
Authors: Noguchi A. , Oda H. , Yamamoto Y. , Usui A. , Sato M. , Kawai J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFerromanganese crusts record long‐term deep‐sea environmental changes. Thus, providing their reliable high‐resolution age models is important. We applied a magnetostratigraphic technique to estimate the growth rate of a ferromanganese crust using scanning SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) microscope (SSM). SSM is designed to map the magnetic field across thin sections with submillimeter resolution. The crust sample was taken from the Takuyo‐Daigo Seamount, northwestern Pacific, and recorded a limited supply of dust and sediment from continents. After drift correction and removal of spike noises, the magnetic field values were stacked within the areas of high signal‐to‐noise ratios. By correlating the obtained profiles with a standard geomagnetic polarity timescale, we obtained an average growth rate of 3.37 ± 0.06 mm/Ma, which is consistent with that obtained by 10Be/9Be geochronology (2.93 ± 0.15 mm/Ma). S ratio mapping shows low values after ~3 Ma, associated with voids between columnar structures.
First measurement of ice‐bedrock interface of alpine glaciers by cosmic muon radiography
Authors: Nishiyama R. , Ariga A. , Ariga T. , Käser S. , Lechmann A. , Mair D. , Scampoli P. , Vladymyrov M. , Ereditato A. , Schlunegger F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe shape of the bedrock underneath alpine glaciers bears vital information on the erosional mechanism related to the flow of ice. So far, several geophysical exploration methods have been proposed to map the bedrock topography though with limited accuracy. Here we illustrate the first results from a technology, called cosmic ray muon radiography, newly applied in glacial geology to investigate the bedrock geometry beneath the Aletsch Glacier situated in the Central Swiss Alps. For this purpose we installed new cosmic muon detectors made of emulsion films at three sites along the Jungfrau railway tunnel and measured the shape of the bedrock under the uppermost part of Aletsch Glacier (Jungfraufirn). Our results constrain the continuation of the bedrock‐ice interface up to a depth of 50 m below the surface, where the bedrock underneath the glacier strikes NE‐SW and dips at 45° ± 5°. This documents the first successful application of this technology to a glaciated environment.
A viscous‐to‐brittle transition in eruptions through clay suspensions
Authors: Schmid Diana , Scheu Bettina , Wadsworth Fabian B. , Kennedy Ben M. , Jolly Arthur , Dingwell Donald B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVolcanic lakes are often associated with active geothermal circulation, mineral alteration, and precipitation, each of which can complicate the analysis of shallow magma physics, geophysical signals, and chemical signals. The rheology of the lake and associated hydrothermal system affects the eruptive activity as bubbles ascend and burst through the lake producing distinct ejection behavior. We investigate such phenomena by conducting scaled experiments in which heated water‐clay suspensions are decompressed rapidly from relevant pressures. After a jet phase of expanding vapor, the suspensions break up into ejecta that are either angular or droplet geometry. We parameterize these regimes and find a universal clay volume fraction of 0.28 below which the ejecta are form droplets and above which the ejecta are angular. We propose a regime diagram for optical observations of active lakes, which allows rheological characterization and informs volcanic monitoring.
Modeling the daytime energy balance of the topside ionosphere at middle latitudes
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Te , Heelis Roderick A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecently reported measurements from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) indicate that the O+ temperature in the topside ionosphere is dependent on the fractional H+ density. This finding indicates that the mass‐dependent energy exchange rate between O+ and H+ plays an important role in the thermal balance of the topside ionosphere. In this study we utilize the SAMI2 model to retrieve both TH+ and TO+ and verify the previously observed dependence of ion temperature on ion composition. The model shows that in the topside at middle latitudes when a single ion is dominant, O+ or H+ is heated by electron collisions and cooled by conduction as expected. However, in the intervening altitude region where both O+ and H+ are present, O+ is heated by collisions with H+ and cooled by conduction, while H+ is heated by collisions with electrons and cooled by collisions with O+.
Equatorial and low‐latitude ionospheric response to the 17–18 March 2015 great storm over Southeast Asia longitude sector
Authors: Jiang Chunhua , Yang Guobin , Liu Jing , Yokoyama Tatsuhiro , Liu Tongxin , Lan Ting , Zhou Chen , Zhang Yuannong , Zhao Zhengyu , Komolmis Tharadol , Supnithi Pornchai , Yatini Clara Y. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study mainly investigates equatorial and low‐latitude ionospheric response to a great geomagnetic storm that occurred on 17 March 2015. We found that there were some interesting ionospheric phenomena, e.g., short‐term ionospheric positive effect, daytime spread F, and morning Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) in the topside ionosphere, emerged at equatorial and low‐latitude region along the longitude of about 100°E. Ground‐based ionosondes and in situ satellite (Swarm) were utilized to study the possible mechanisms for these ionospheric phenomena. We found that vertical downward transport of plasma or neutral induced by traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) or traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs) might make a contribution to the short‐term ionospheric positive effect at the main stage of this great storm. Additionally, results suggested that the occurrence of daytime spread F at low latitudes might be due to the diffusion of equatorial ionospheric irregularities in the topside ionosphere along geomagnetic field lines. Moreover, observational evidence shows that TIDs also might be the main driver for morning EIA‐like feature recorded by Swarm B satellite in the topside ionosphere. These ionospheric phenomena mentioned above could make us gain a better understanding of ionospheric storm effects at equatorial and low‐latitude region.
Nitric Oxide Synthase‐Like Activities in Plants
Authors: Yamasaki Hideo , Itoh Ryuuichi D. , Bouchard Josée N. , Dghim Ata Allah , Hossain Khurshida K. , Gurung Sushma , Cohen Michael F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous radical molecule that has long been considered to be a harmful air pollutant produced through anthropogenic activities. The finding in the late 1980s that the gas is synthesized in animal cells by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) led to a paradigm shift in bioscience. NO is now recognized as an endogenous signalling molecule involved in diverse physiological processes. Plants and algae also produce NO, but the mechanism of synthesis remains controversial. A number of inhibitor experiments have suggested the presence of NOS‐like activities in plants and algae. To date, however, there is no conclusive evidence for the presence of NOS enzymes in these organisms. This chapter provides an overview of plant NOS research, along with a description of possible arginine‐dependent signal transduction mechanisms in plants.
Morphological Adaptations of

A
rabidopsis

Roots to Nitrogen Supply
Authors: Zhang Hanma , Pilbeam David J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Higher plants display complex morphological adaptations in their root system to nitrogen availability. In
Arabidopsis
, four such adaptations have been well characterized, which include a stimulatory effect of a localized nitrate supply on lateral root elongation, a systemic inhibitory effect of high nitrate supply on lateral root development, the suppression of lateral root (LR) initiation by high C–N ratios and glutamate‐induced regulation of root system architecture. Studies of these adaptations have revealed valuable insights about their underlying mechanisms, in particular those related to N sensing and root development, and also novel regulatory properties of nitrate transporters. The future challenges are to fully understand the mechanisms of the N‐related morphological adaptations and to establish whether the adaptations found in
Arabidopsis
and their regulatory mechanisms are conserved in other plants and also the biological significance of the adaptations.
Metabolomics of A Model Fruit: Tomato
Authors: de Vos Ric C.H. , Hall Robert D. , Moing Annick 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTomato has quickly become a favoured species for metabolomics research. Tomato fills a niche that cannot be occupied byArabidopsis,particularly regarding studies on fleshy fruit. Variations in genotype and phenotype have been broadly exploited using metabolomics approaches in order to gain a better understanding of fundamental aspects of plant physiology, fruit growth and fruit development. The commercial importance of tomato as one of the world's most important and widely grown and consumed vegetables is a significant driving force behind this fruit research. Therefore, many metabolomics studies have specifically been focused on traits of importance to the food and agro‐industries. Fruit quality, nutritional value as well as the influence on these traits of fruit storage, transport and processing into pasteurized and cooked products have also been subjects for extensive metabolomics analyses. These studies have already considerably expanded our knowledge, and continue to do so, concerning many aspects of the tomato fruit phenotype, both visible and chemical. Furthermore, increased knowledge of the genetics of tomato, the recently available draft of the tomato genome sequence as well as the emerging technologies for next generation sequencing, large‐scale phenotyping and systems biology approaches have generated many novel research concepts that are also placing metabolomics analyses of tomatoes right at the forefront of fruit research.
Data Integration, Metabolic Networks and Systems Biology
Authors: Redestig Henning , Szymanski Jedrzej , Hirai Masami Y. , Selbig Joachim , Willmitzer Lothar , Nikoloski Zoran , Saito Kazuki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs analytical techniques and data pre‐processing methods continue to improve, the bottleneck of metabolomics is shifting towards later stages of data analysis and biological interpretation. High‐coverage metabolomics is only possible when combining data from multiple platforms necessitating efficient methods for data integration. Metabolomic data sets with high coverage provide a unique opportunity to estimate and study metabolic networks. Once established, these networks can provide a backbone for systems biology approaches where the aim is to construct fundamental models of metabolic regulation. In this chapter, we provide an overview of status of these topics and describe current methods and tools, their drawbacks and advantages for integrative plant metabolomics.
Effects of treated waste silicon rubber on properties of poly(lactic acid)/ammonium polyphosphate composites
Authors: Cao Hongwei , Zhang Yan , Li Xiaonan , Wang Fengtao , Zhang Xiaoni 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTConsidering the massive waste silicone rubber composites (WSiRC) in electrical and electronic engineering industries every year, the utilization of WSiRC is a meaningful and urgent task. In this study, WSiRC was utilized after a simple treatment in the flame retardant polylactic acid (PLA). The TG data in N2 indicated that the char residues at 700 °C of the PLA/ammonium polyphosphate(APP)/WSiRC samples are improved with the loading of WSiRC, which means that WSiRC could act as the carbonization promoter for the PLA blends. Moreover, it is found in LOI, UL94, and cone tests that WSiRC can only improve the flame retardancy of PLA in an appropriate loading range since the crosslink structure formed by WSiRC may interact with that formed by APP and jointly improve the char‐formation ability of PLA. However, too much WSiRC deteriorated the flame retardancy of PLA because of the effect of WSiRC cluster at its higher loading. The photographs of the char residue after the cone tests also manifested that. The cone data showed that WSiRC could suppress the production of smoke as well. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45231.
Thiomaleimide Functionalization for Selective Biological Fluorescence Detection of Peroxynitrite as Tested in HeLa and RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Yudhistira Tesla , Mulay Sandip V. , Lee Kyung Jin , Kim Youngsam , Park Hee‐Sung , Churchill David G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe role of fluorescent molecules in diagnosis, treatment as well as in biomedical research has great current medicinal significance and is the focus of concentrated effort across the scientific research spectrum. Related research continues to reveal new practical sensing systems that bear enhanced features for interfacing of substituted molecules with biological systems. As part of an effort to better understand chalcogenide systems, a new dithiomaleimide BODIPY (BDP‐NGM) probe has been designed, synthesized and characterized. The fluorescence of BDP‐NGM was quenched by the incorporation of [3,4‐bis(phenylthio)] on the maleimide‐4‐phenyl moiety which is, in turn, placed at the meso‐position of the BODIPY system. The probe shows a turn‐on fluorescence response upon reaction with ONOO−; mass spectral evidence reveals peaks in agreement with products involving oxidation of the sulfur groups to sulfone groups. An about 18.0‐fold emission intensity enhancement was found. By comparison, the emission signal from another ROS/RNS, superoxide, gave a modest turn on signal (≈5.0‐fold). The reaction is complete within 10 min, judging from the monitoring of the turn‐on fluorescence process; the detection limit was found to be 0.4 μm. BDP‐NGM can be used for the detection of ONOO− under both acidic and basic conditions. Live cell imaging showed that the current probe can be used for the selective detection of ONOO− in living systems.
Anwendung von Naturbrandmodellen für die brandschutztechnische Bemessung
Authors: Zehfuß Jochen , Paliga Karen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird beschrieben, unter welchen Randbedingungen eine Anwendung von Naturbrandmodellen für die Brandschutzbemessung sinnvoll ist. Es wird ein Überblick über die verschiedenen Nachweismethoden der Eurocode‐Brandschutznachweise gegeben und auf ihre bauaufsichtliche Einführung eingegangen. Die Eurocodes sehen neben den aus der DIN 4102‐4 bekannten Bemessungstabellen auch vereinfachte und allgemeine Rechenverfahren vor. Mit Letzteren kann das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten von Bauteilen im Brandfall unter Berücksichtigung temperaturabhängiger Materialeigenschaften und thermischer Dehnungen berechnet werden. Aufgrund der Komplexität und des vergleichsweise großen Aufwands dieser Nachweisverfahren eignen sie sich jedoch besonders für Naturbrandbeanspruchungen. Derartige Nachweise erfordern jedoch eine Abweichung von den bauordnungsrechtlichen Vorschriften und sind nur in Abstimmung mit den Genehmigungsbehörden anwendbar. Anhand eines Beispiels wird die Anwendung eines Naturbrandmodells für die brandschutztechnische Bemessung gezeigt. Es handelt sich um eine ehemalige U‐Boot‐Halle, die in eine Verkaufsstätte umgenutzt wird und bei der sich infolgedessen die brandschutztechnischen Anforderungen ändern. Das Tragwerk der historischen Stahlkonstruktion sollte sichtbar erhalten bleiben, sodass der Nachweis mithilfe eines Naturbrandmodells geführt wurde. Im Beitrag werden die Randbedingungen, die Anwendungsgrenzen und die Vorgehensweise dargestellt.
Preoperative imaging and prediction of oesophageal conduit necrosis after oesophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Lainas P , Fuks D , Gaujoux S , Machroub Z , Fregeville A , Perniceni T , Mal F , Dousset B , Gayet B 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Oesophageal conduit necrosis following oesophagectomy is a rare but life-threatening complication. The present study aimed to assess the impact of coeliac axis stenosis on outcomes after oesophagectomy for cancer.

Methods
The study included consecutive patients who had an Ivor Lewis procedure with curative intent for middle- and lower-third oesophageal cancer at two tertiary referral centres. All patients underwent preoperative multidetector CT with arterial phase to detect coeliac axis stenosis. The coeliac artery was classified as normal, with extrinsic stenosis due to a median arcuate ligament or with intrinsic stenosis caused by atherosclerosis.

Results
Some 481 patients underwent an Ivor Lewis procedure. Of these, ten (2·1 per cent) developed oesophageal conduit necrosis after surgery. Coeliac artery evaluation revealed a completely normal artery in 431 patients (91·5 per cent) in the group without conduit necrosis and in one (10 per cent) with necrosis (P &lt; 0·001). Extrinsic stenosis of the coeliac artery due to a median arcuate ligament was found in two patients (0·4 per cent) without conduit necrosis and five (50 per cent) with necrosis (P &lt; 0·001). Intrinsic stenosis of the coeliac artery was found in 11 (2·3 per cent) and eight (80 per cent) patients respectively (P &lt; 0·001). Eight patients without (1·7 per cent) and five (50 per cent) with conduit necrosis had a single and thin left gastric artery (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
This study suggests that oesophageal conduit necrosis after oesophagectomy for cancer may be due to pre-existing coeliac axis stenosis.
The mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) as a model for inflammation‐promoted prostate carcinogenesis
Authors: Quintar Amado A. , Gonçalves Bianca F. , Taboga Sebastião R. , Maldonado Cristina A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOne of the recognized issues in prostate cancer research is the lack of animal models allowing the research of pathological, biochemical, and genetic factors in immunocompetent animals. Our research group has successfully employed the gerbil in several studies for prostate diseases. In the present work, we aimed to analyze the effect of chronic bacterial inflammation on N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU)‐induced prostate carcinogenesis in gerbils. Histopathological assessment of the prostatic complex revealed that treatment combinations with MNU plus testosterone or bacterial infection resulted in a promotion of prostate cancer, with bacterial inflammation being more effective in increasing premalignant and malignant tissular alterations than testosterone in the prostate. Furthermore, chronic bacterial inflammation itself induced premalignant lesions in the ventral lobe and increased their frequency in the dorsolateral lobe as well as malignant lesions in the ventral prostate. These animals showed a rich inflammatory microenvironment, characterized as intraluminal and periductal foci. These data indicate that chronic inflammation induced by Escherichia coli acts as a potent tumor promoter, in the early stages of carcinogenesis in the gerbil, in line with the hypothesis of inflammation supporting several steps of tumor development in the prostate gland.
Post‐Synthesis Amine Borane Functionalization of a Metal‐Organic Framework and Its Unusual Chemical Hydrogen Release Phenomenon
Authors: Barman Samir , Remhof Arndt , Koitz Ralph , Iannuzzi Marcella , Blacque Olivier , Yan Yigang , Fox Thomas , Hutter Jürg , Züttel Andreas , Berke Heinz 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA novel strategy for post‐synthesis amine borane functionalization of MOFs under gas‐solid phase transformation, utilizing gaseous diborane, is reported. The covalently confined amine borane derivative decorated on the framework backbone is stable when preserved at low temperature, but spontaneously liberates soft chemical hydrogen at room temperature, leading to the development of an unusual borenium type species (‐NH=BH2+) ion‐paired with a hydroborate anion. Furthermore, the unsaturated amino borane (‐NH=BH2) and the μ‐iminodiborane (‐μ‐NHB2H5) were detected as final products. A combination of DFT based molecular dynamics simulations and solid state NMR spectroscopy, utilizing isotopically enriched materials, were undertaken to unequivocally elucidate the mechanistic pathways for H2 liberation.