bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut Microbial Membership Modulates CD4 T Cell Reconstitution and Function after Sepsis
Authors: Cabrera-Perez Javier , Babcock Jeffrey C. , Dileepan Thamotharampillai , Murphy Katherine A. , Kucaba Tamara A. , Badovinac Vladimir P. , Griffith Thomas S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Transient lymphopenia is one hallmark of sepsis, and emergent data indicate the CD4 T cell compartment in sepsis survivors is numerically and functionally altered (when examined at the Ag-specific level) compared with nonseptic control subjects. Previous data from our laboratory demonstrated Ag-independent, lymphopenia-induced homeostatic proliferation to be a contributing mechanism by which CD4 T cells numerically recover in sepsis survivors. However, we reasoned it is also formally possible that some CD4 T cells respond directly to Ag expressed by gut-resident microbes released during polymicrobial sepsis. The effect of gut microbiome leakage on CD4 T cells is currently unknown. In this study, we explored the number and function of endogenous CD4 T cells specific for segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB) after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis using mice that either contained or lacked SFB as a normal gut-resident microbe. Interestingly, SFB-specific CD4 T cells underwent Ag-driven proliferation in CLP-treated SFB+, but not in SFB−, mice. Moreover, CLP-treated SFB+ mice showed resistance to secondary lethal infection with recombinant SFB Ag-expressing virulent Listeria (but not wild-type virulent Listeria), suggesting the CLP-induced polymicrobial sepsis primed for a protective response by the SFB-specific CD4 T cells. Thus, our data demonstrate that the numerical recovery and functional responsiveness of Ag-specific CD4 T cells in sepsis survivors is, in part, modulated by the intestinal barrier’s health discreetly defined by individual bacterial populations of the host’s microbiome.
Modelling ecological specificities of freshwater molluscs: the exemplary case of Bythinella austriaca (v. Frauenfeld 1857) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia)
Authors: Sturm Robert 
Published: July 2016

<p>Main objective of the study was the description of Weighted Average Analysis (WAA) as appropriate mathematical method for modelling the demands of freshwater molluscs on their habitats. With this approach site-specific environmental factors defining a certain biotope are weighted by the related population density of a selected organism. This allows the determination of optimum ranges of physical and chemical factors, within which highest probabilities of occurrence of the investigated organism may be expected. As an exemplary case ecological demands of the Austrian spring snail, <em>Bythinella austriaca</em>, were modelled by using WAA. In addition, a global marginality coefficient, which reflects the ability of the gastropod to occupy ecological niches, and a global tolerance coefficient, describing the width of the niche colonized by the organism, were computed for 10 selected environmental factors. As suggested by the modelling results, <em>B. austriaca </em>exhibits specialist behaviour with regard to water temperature, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved nitrate. Furthermore, the gastropod only tolerates small fluctuations of these environmental factors, which remarkably reduces its ability to act as a pioneer species. </p>
No Postoperative Adrenal Insufficiency in a Patient with Unilateral Cortisol-Secreting Adenomas Treated with Mifepristone before Surgery
Authors: Saroka Rachel M. , Kane Michael P. , Robinson Lawrence , Busch Robert S. 
Published: July 2016

Background Glucocorticoid replacement is commonly required to treat secondary adrenal insufficiency after surgical resection of unilateral cortisol-secreting adrenocortical adenomas. Here, we describe a patient with unilateral cortisol-secreting adenomas in which the preoperative use of mifepristone therapy was associated with recovery of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, eliminating the need for postoperative glucocorticoid replacement. Case Presentation A 66-year-old Caucasian man with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and obesity was hospitalized for Fournier's gangrene and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. Abdominal computed tomography scan revealed three left adrenal adenomas measuring 1.4, 2.1, and 1.2 cm and an atrophic right adrenal gland. Twenty-four-hour urinary free cortisol level was elevated (237 µg/24 hours, reference range 0–50 µg/24 hours). Hormonal evaluation after resolution of the infection showed an abnormal 8 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (cortisol postdexamethasone 14.5 µg/dL), suppressed adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; <5 pg/mL, reference range 7.2–63.3 pg/mL), and low-normal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (50.5 µg/dL, male reference range 30.9–295.6 µg/dL). Because of his poor medical condition and uncontrolled diabetes, his Cushing's syndrome was treated with medical therapy before surgery. Mifepristone therapy was started and, within five months, his diabetes was controlled and insulin discontinued. The previously suppressed ACTH increased to above normal range accompanied by an increase in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels, indicating recovery of the HPA axis and atrophic contralateral adrenal gland. The patient received one precautionary intraoperative dose of hydrocortisone and none thereafter. Two days postoperatively, ACTH (843 pg/mL) and cortisol levels (44.8 µg/dL) were significantly elevated, reflecting an appropriate HPA axis response to the stress of surgery, and two weeks postoperatively, ACTH was within normal range and a repeat dexamethasone suppression test was normal. Six months postoperatively, ACTH was within normal limits and cortisol was approaching normal. The patient has exhibited no postoperative signs or symptoms of adrenal insufficiency in 12 months. Conclusion Preoperative mifepristone therapy was associated with apparent recovery of the HPA axis prior to unilateral adrenalectomy in a patient with unilateral adrenal adenomas. Postoperatively, the patient experienced no signs or symptoms of adrenal insufficiency and no glucocorticoid replacement was required.
Big Data Matching Using the Identity Correlation Approach
Authors: Smyth Mary , McCormack Kevin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract The Identity Correlation Approach (ICA) is a statistical technique developed for matching big data where a unique identifier does not exist. This technique was developed to match the Irish Census 2011 dataset to Central Government Administrative Datasets in order to attach a unique identifier to each individual person in the Census dataset (McCormack &amp; Smyth, 20151). The unique identifier attached is the PPS No. (Personal Public Service No.2). By attaching the PPS No. to the Census dataset, each individual can be linked to datasets held centrally by Public Sector Organisations. This expands the range of variables for statistical analysis at individual level. Statistical techniques developed here were undertaken for a major European Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) compiled by the CSO using administrative data only, and thus eliminating the need for an expensive business survey to be conducted (NES, 20073,4,5). A description of how the Identity Correlation Approach was developed is given in this paper. Data matching results and conclusions are presented here in relation to the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES)6 results for 2011.
Total Antioxidant Capacity and Characterization of Nitraria tangutorum Fruit Extract by Rapid Bioassay-Directed Fractionation
Authors: Rana Jat , Missler Stephen R , Persons Kathryn , Han Johnson , Li Teric 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In recent years, the role of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS) in human disease has been the subject of considerable study. This has led to research on the potential benefit of natural products as dietary antioxidants to mitigate oxidative stress caused by increased RNOS associated with tissue damage. Five physiologically relevant reactive species include peroxyl radical, hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite anion, superoxide radical anion, and singlet oxygen. Excessive amounts of these species can lead to the degradation of important biomolecules in vivo, and dietary antioxidants have been shown to inhibit damage both in vitro and in vivo. In this investigation, we have discovered that an extract of the fruit from Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. (Tangut white thorn) demonstrates significant antioxidant capacity against all five reactive species. Rapid bioassay-directed fractionation was used to identify antioxidant phytochemicals by collecting fractions from HPLC effluent into 96 well microplates and testing for antioxidant activity against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. Two different classes of phytochemicals, anthocyanins and flavonoids, were associated with antioxidant activity. Active components were further characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and high-resolution MS.
Characterizing cometary electrons with kappa distributions
Authors: Broiles T. W. , Livadiotis G. , Burch J. L. , Chae K. , Clark G. , Cravens T. E. , Davidson R. , Eriksson A. , Frahm R. A. , Fuselier S. A. , Goldstein J. , Goldstein R. , Henri P. , Madanian H. , Mandt K. , Mokashi P. , Pollock C. , Rahmati A. , Samara M. , Schwartz S. J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Rosetta spacecraft has escorted comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko since 6 August 2014 and has offered an unprecedented opportunity to study plasma physics in the coma. We have used this opportunity to make the first characterization of cometary electrons with kappa distributions. Two three‐dimensional kappa functions were fit to the observations, which we interpret as two populations of dense and warm (density = 10 cm−3, temperature = 2 × 105 K, invariant kappa index = 10−>1000), and rarefied and hot (density = 0.005 cm−3, temperature = 5 × 105 K, invariant kappa index = 1–10) electrons. We fit the observations on 30 October 2014 when Rosetta was 20 km from 67P, and 3 AU from the Sun. We repeated the analysis on 15 August 2015 when Rosetta was 300 km from the comet and 1.3 AU from the Sun. Comparing the measurements on both days gives the first comparison of the cometary electron environment between a nearly inactive comet far from the Sun and an active comet near perihelion. We find that the warm population density increased by a factor of 3, while the temperature cooled by a factor of 2, and the invariant kappa index was unaffected. We find that the hot population density increased by a factor of 10, while the temperature and invariant kappa index were unchanged. We conclude that the hot population is likely the solar wind halo electrons in the coma. The warm population is likely of cometary origin, but its mechanism for production is not known.
Superfluidity of a dipolar Fermi gas in 2D optical lattices bilayer
Authors: Camacho‐Guardian A. , Paredes R. 
Published: July 2016

Ultracold Fermi molecules lying in 2D square optical lattices bilayers with its dipole moment perpendicularly aligned to the layers, having interlayer finite range s‐wave interactions, are shown to form superfluid phases, both, in the Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer (BCS) regime of Cooper pairs, and in the condensate regime of bound dimeric molecules. We demonstrate this result using a functional integral scheme within the Ginzburg‐Landau theory. For the deep Berezinskii‐Kosterlitz‐Thouless (BKT) phase transition, we predict critical temperatures around 5nK and 20nK for 23Na40K and OH molecules, which are within reach of current experiments [J. W. Park, S. Will and M. Zwierlein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 205302 (2015)].
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Label‐Free Analysis of Single Viruses with a Resolution Comparable to That of Electron Microscopy and the Throughput of Flow Cytometry
Authors: Ma Ling , Zhu Shaobin , Tian Ye , Zhang Wenqiang , Wang Shuo , Chen Chaoxiang , Wu Lina , Yan Xiaomei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractViruses are by far the most abundant biological entities on our planet, yet existing characterization methods are limited by either their speed or lack of resolution. By applying a laboratory‐built high‐sensitivity flow cytometer (HSFCM) to precisely quantify the extremely weak elastically scattered light from single viral particles, we herein report the label‐free analysis of viruses with a resolution comparable to that of electron microscopy and the throughput of flow cytometry. The detection of single viruses with diameters down to 27 nm is described. T7 and lambda bacteriophages, which differ in size by as little as 4 nm, could be baseline‐resolved. Moreover, subtle structural differences of the same viral particles can be discriminated. Using monodisperse silica nanoparticles as the size reference standards, the virus sizes measured by the HSFCM are in agreement with the equivalent particle diameters derived from their structural dimensions. The HSFCM opens a new avenue for virus characterization.
Highly Enantioselective Iron‐Catalyzed cis‐Dihydroxylation of Alkenes with Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidant via an FeIII‐OOH Reactive Intermediate
Authors: Zang Chao , Liu Yungen , Xu Zhen‐Jiang , Tse Chun‐Wai , Guan Xiangguo , Wei Jinhu , Huang Jie‐Sheng , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe development of environmentally benign catalysts for highly enantioselective asymmetric cis‐dihydroxylation (AD) of alkenes with broad substrate scope remains a challenge. By employing [FeII(L)(OTf)2] (L=N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐bis(2‐methyl‐8‐quinolyl)‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine) as a catalyst, cis‐diols in up to 99.8 % ee with 85 % isolated yield have been achieved in AD of alkenes with H2O2 as an oxidant and alkenes in a limiting amount. This “[FeII(L)(OTf)2]+H2O2” method is applicable to both (E)‐alkenes and terminal alkenes (24 examples >80 % ee, up to 1 g scale). Mechanistic studies, including 18O‐labeling, UV/Vis, EPR, ESI‐MS analyses, and DFT calculations lend evidence for the involvement of chiral FeIII‐OOH active species in enantioselective formation of the two C−O bonds.
[5+2] Cycloaddition of 2‐(2‐Aminoethyl)oxiranes with Alkynes via Epoxide Ring‐Opening: A Facile Access to Azepines
Authors: Hu Chao , Song Ren‐Jie , Hu Ming , Yang Yuan , Li Jin‐Heng , Luo Shenglian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA new FeCl3 and BF3⋅OEt2 co‐catalyzed tandem hetero‐[5+2] cycloaddition of 2‐(2‐aminoethyl)oxiranes with a wide range of alkynes, including terminal alkynes and alkyl‐substituted internal alkynes is presented. This is the first example of rapid and facile production of diverse 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐azepines through a sequence of epoxide ring‐opening, annulation, and dehydroxylation with broad substrate scope and exquisite selectivity control.
Cation Intercalation in Manganese Oxide Nanosheets: Effects on Lithium and Sodium Storage
Authors: Lu Ke , Hu Ziyu , Xiang Zhonghua , Ma Jizhen , Song Bin , Zhang Jintao , Ma Houyi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe rapid development of advanced energy‐storage devices requires significant improvements of the electrode performance and a detailed understanding of the fundamental energy‐storage processes. In this work, the self‐assembly of two‐dimensional manganese oxide nanosheets with various metal cations is introduced as a general and effective method for the incorporation of different guest cations and the formation of sandwich structures with tunable interlayer distances, leading to the formation of 3D MxMnO2 (M=Li, Na, K, Co, and Mg) cathodes. For sodium and lithium storage, these electrode materials exhibited different capacities and cycling stabilities. The efficiency of the storage process is influenced not only by the interlayer spacing but also by the interaction between the host cations and shutter ions, confirming the crucial role of the cations. These results provide promising ideas for the rational design of advanced electrodes for Li and Na storage.
Organosulfate Formation through the Heterogeneous Reaction of Sulfur Dioxide with Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Long‐Chain Alkenes
Authors: Passananti Monica , Kong Lingdong , Shang Jing , Dupart Yoan , Perrier Sébastien , Chen Jianmin , Donaldson D. James , George Christian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe heterogeneous reaction between SO2 and unsaturated compounds results in the efficient production of organosulfates for several fatty acids and long‐chain alkenes. The presence of an acid group, the physical state of the reactants (solid or liquid), the nature of the double bond (cis, trans, terminal), and the use of light irradiation all have an impact on the reaction rate. The reaction was investigated using different set‐ups (coated flow tube, aerosol flow tube, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform cell). The reaction products were identified by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and the impact of this reaction on organosulfate formation in the atmosphere is discussed.
Co(salen) supported on graphene oxide for oxidation of lignin
Authors: Zhou Xue‐Fei , Lu Xu‐Jie 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTCo(salen) was supported on graphene oxide (GO) (Co‐GO) by covalently grafting. Spectroscopy analyses confirmed its successful synthesis. Co‐GO demonstrated a high activity in the cleavage of βO4 linkage in lignin model compounds. The catalyst was also effective in depolymerizing an organosolv lignin polymer. The polymer residues were separated, and extensively analyzed by FTIR and NMR in order to understand the various structural changes of the polymer occurring versus catalyst. In catalytic oxidation, the βO4 ether linkages were cleaved and the side‐chains were oxidized occurring in the polymer. The polymer was thus converted into smaller monomers called degradation products which were detected by GC‐MS. The evolution of the polymer found that Co‐GO exhibited a significant catalytic effect as compared with Co‐NaY, Co‐MCM‐48, Co‐SSZ‐13. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44133.
Updated mortality study of a cohort of asbestos textile workers
Authors: Pira Enrico , Romano Canzio , Violante Francesco S. , Farioli Andrea , Spatari Giovanna , La Vecchia Carlo , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLimited information is available on risk of peritoneal mesothelioma after asbestos exposure, and in general on the risk of cancer after cessation of asbestos exposure. We updated to 2013 the follow‐up of a cohort of 1083 female and 894 male textile workers with heavy asbestos exposure (up to 100 fb/mL), often for short periods. A total of 1019 deaths were observed, corresponding to a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 1.68 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.57–1.78). SMRs were 29.1 (95% CI: 21.5–38.6) for peritoneal cancer, 2.96 (95% CI: 2.50–3.49) for lung cancer, 33.7 (95% CI: 25.7–43.4) for pleural cancer, and 3.03 (95% CI: 1.69–4.99) for ovarian cancer. For pleural and peritoneal cancer, there was no consistent pattern of risk in relation to time since last exposure, whereas for lung cancer there was an indication of a decline in risk after 25 years since last exposure. The findings of this unique cohort provide novel data for peritoneal cancer, indicating that – as for pleural cancer – the excess risk does not decline up to several decades after cessation of exposure.
Multiscale Approach to the Study of the Electronic Properties of Two Thiophene Curcuminoid Molecules
Authors: Etcheverry‐Berríos Alvaro , Olavarría Ignacio , Perrin Mickael L. , Díaz‐Torres Raúl , Jullian Domingo , Ponce Ingrid , Zagal José H. , Pavez Jorge , Vásquez Sergio O. , van der Zant Herre S. J. , Dulić Diana , Aliaga‐Alcalde Núria , Soler Monica 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe studied the electronic and conductance properties of two thiophene–curcuminoid molecules, 2‐thphCCM (1) and 3‐thphCCM (2), in which the only structural difference is the position of the sulfur atoms in the thiophene terminal groups. We used electrochemical techniques as well as UV/Vis absorption studies to obtain the values of the HOMO–LUMO band gap energies, showing that molecule 1 has lower values than 2. Theoretical calculations show the same trend. Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of these molecules were studied by using electrochemistry, showing that the interaction with gold reduces drastically the HOMO–LUMO gap in both molecules to almost the same value. Single‐molecule conductance measurements show that molecule 2 has two different conductance values, whereas molecule 1 exhibits only one. Based on theoretical calculations, we conclude that the lowest conductance value, similar in both molecules, corresponds to a van der Waals interaction between the thiophene ring and the electrodes. The one order of magnitude higher conductance value for molecule 2 corresponds to a coordinate (dative covalent) interaction between the sulfur atoms and the gold electrodes.
Aspartate‐Based CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor Binding of Cross‐Bridged Tetraazamacrocyclic Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes
Authors: Maples Randall D. , Cain Amy N. , Burke Benjamin P. , Silversides Jon D. , Mewis Ryan E. , D'huys Thomas , Schols Dominique , Linder Douglas P. , Archibald Stephen J. , Hubin Timothy J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe CXCR4 chemokine receptor is implicated in a number of diseases including HIV infection and cancer development and metastasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that configurationally restricted bis‐tetraazamacrocyclic metal complexes are high‐affinity CXCR4 antagonists. Here, we present the synthesis of Cu2+ and Zn2+ acetate complexes of six cross‐bridged tetraazamacrocycles to mimic their coordination interaction with the aspartate side chains known to bind them to CXCR4. X‐ray crystal structures for three new Cu2+ acetate complexes and two new Zn2+ acetate complexes demonstrate metal‐ion‐dependent differences in the mode of binding the acetate ligand concomitantly with the requisite cis‐V‐configured cross‐bridged tetraazamacrocyle. Concurrent density functional theory molecular modelling studies produced an energetic rationale for the unexpected [Zn(OAc)(H2O)]+ coordination motif present in all of the Zn2+ cross‐bridged tetraazamacrocycle crystal structures, which differs from the chelating acetate [Zn(OAc)]+ structures of known unbridged and side‐bridged tetraazamacrocyclic Zn2+‐containing CXCR4 antagonists.
Judicious Ligand Design in Ruthenium Polypyridyl CO2 Reduction Catalysts to Enhance Reactivity by Steric and Electronic Effects
Authors: Johnson Ben A. , Agarwala Hemlata , White Travis A. , Mijangos Edgar , Maji Somnath , Ott Sascha 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA series of RuII polypyridyl complexes of the structural design [RuII(R−tpy)(NN)(CH3CN)]2+ (R−tpy=2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (R=H) or 4,4′,4′′‐tri‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (R=tBu); NN=2,2′‐bipyridine with methyl substituents in various positions) have been synthesized and analyzed for their ability to function as electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to CO. Detailed electrochemical analyses establish how substitutions at different ring positions of the bipyridine and terpyridine ligands can have profound electronic and, even more importantly, steric effects that determine the complexes’ reactivities. Whereas electron‐donating groups para to the heteroatoms exhibit the expected electronic effect, with an increase in turnover frequencies at increased overpotential, the introduction of a methyl group at the ortho position of NN imposes drastic steric effects. Two complexes, [RuII(tpy)(6‐mbpy)(CH3CN)]2+ (trans‐[3]2+; 6‐mbpy=6‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) and [RuII(tBu−tpy)(6‐mbpy)(CH3CN)]2+ (trans‐[4]2+), in which the methyl group of the 6‐mbpy ligand is trans to the CH3CN ligand, show electrocatalytic CO2 reduction at a previously unreactive oxidation state of the complex. This low overpotential pathway follows an ECE mechanism (electron transfer–chemical reaction–electron transfer), and is a direct result of steric interactions that facilitate CH3CN ligand dissociation, CO2 coordination, and ultimately catalytic turnover at the first reduction potential of the complexes. All experimental observations are rigorously corroborated by DFT calculations.