bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPDA signaling channels resource (e−) allocation from the photosynthetic electron transfer chain to plastid cysteine biosynthesis in defense activation
Authors: Adhikari Ashna , Kaur Simrandeep , Forouhar Farhad , Kale Shiv , Park Sang-Wook 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A primary precursor of jasmonates, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), is an autonomous hormone signal that activates and fine-tunes plant defense responses, as well as growth and development. However, the architecture of its signaling circuits remains largely elusive. Here we describe that OPDA signaling drives photosynthetic reductant powers toward sulfur assimilation in the chloroplasts, incorporating sulfide into cysteine. Under stressed states, OPDA—accumulated in the chloroplasts—binds and promotes cyclophilin 20-3, an OPDA receptor, to transfer electrons from thioredoxin F2, an electron carrier in the photosynthesis reaction, to serine acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1). The charge carrier (H+, e−) then splits dimeric SAT1 trimers in half to signal the recruitment of dimeric O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase B, forming a hetero-oligomeric cysteine synthase complex (CSC). CSC formation and its metabolic products (especially glutathione) then coordinate redox-resolved retrograde signaling from the chloroplasts to the nucleus in adjusting expression of OPDA-responsive genes such as GLUTAREDOXIN 480 and CYTOCHROME P450, and triggering defense responses against various ecological constraints such as salinity and excess oxidants, as well as mechanical wounding. We thus conclude that OPDA signaling regulates a unique metabolic switch in channeling light input into outputs that fuel/shape a multitude of physiological processes, optimizing plant growth fitness and survival capacity under a range of environmental stress cues.
Using H i observations of low-mass galaxies to test ultralight axion dark matter
Authors: Garland James T , Masters Karen L , Grin Daniel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We evaluate recent and upcoming low-redshift neutral hydrogen (H i) surveys as a cosmological probe of small scale structure with a goal of determining the survey criteria necessary to test ultralight axion (ULA) dark matter models. Standard cold dark matter (CDM) models predict a large population of low-mass galactic haloes, whereas ULA models demonstrate significant suppression in this small-scale regime, with halo mass cutoffs of $10^{12}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ to $10^{7}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ corresponding to ULA masses of $10^{-24}\,$ to $10^{-20}\,$ eV, respectively, if ULAs compose all of the dark matter. We generate random, homogeneously populated mock universes with cosmological parameters adjusted to match CDM and ULA models. We simulate observations of these mock universes with hypothetical analogues of the mass-limited ALFALFA and WALLABY H i surveys and reconstruct the corresponding H i mass function (HIMF). We find that the ALFALFA HIMF can test for the presence of ULA DM with $m_{a}\lesssim 10^{-21.5}~{\rm eV}$, while WALLABY could reach the larger window $m_{a}\lesssim 10^{-20.9}~{\rm eV}$. These constraints are complementary to other probes of ULA dark matter, demonstrating the utility of local Universe H i surveys in testing dark matter models.
Orbits and masses in two triple systems
Authors: Nazor Dinko , Tokovinin Andrei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
In an effort to determine accurate orbital and physical properties of a large number of bright stars, a method was developed to fit simultaneously stellar parameters (masses, luminosities, effective temperatures), distance, and orbits to the available data on multiple systems, namely the combined and differential photometry, positional measurements, radial velocities (RVs), accelerations, etc. The method is applied to a peculiar resolved triple system HIP 86286. The masses of its components estimated using observations and standard relations are 1.3, 0.9, and 0.9 $M_\odot$; the main star is a G8IV subgiant, while its two companions are main-sequence dwarfs. The inner and outer orbital periods are 35 and 287 yr, respectively, and the orbits are nearly coplanar. The second system, HIP 117258, is an accelerating star with a resolved companion; its 35.7-yr orbit based on relative astrometry and precise RVs yields the secondary mass of 0.95 $M_\odot$, much larger than inferred from the photometry. The apparent paradox is explained by assuming that the secondary is a close pair of M-type dwarfs with yet unknown period.
Land and Social Life
Authors: Borras Saturnino M. , Franco Jennifer C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter frames land politics and introduces the handbook. Land is understood here as a key element in production and social reproduction, which are taken as an inherently connected whole. Social reproduction, in turn, is used in a broad sense to mean not only labor reproduction, but also socioecological, sociocultural, and sociopolitical reproduction. This treatment brings us to the multiple meanings of land: soil, farmland or grazing land, home lot, landscape, socio-agroecological zone, territory, and homeland. The chapters do not deal in either-or dichotomies, such as privatization versus commoning, farm plot versus agroecological zone. Rather, they take a whole-to-the-parts and parts-to-the-whole relational view, focusing on the structural, institutional, and political glue that binds different fragments and layers of social relations and human and nature relations. They see, in other words, a mosaic of land access, or social relations. Land in production and social reproduction is key to the incessant renewal of life and society. In this sense, land and land politics shape social life, and vice versa. Struggles for land are objectively linked to systemwide political struggles, and the reverse is also true.
Mary Magdalene in the Gospel of John
Authors: Bieringer Reimund 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In modern Western culture, Mary Magdalene is perhaps best known for her being the first person to whom the risen Christ appeared (protophany) and for her presentation in the Noli me tangere art. Both of these are exclusively connected to the Gospel of John. They have given the Johannine presentation of Mary Magdalene a certain priority, but they have also had a tendency of overshadowing John’s characterization of Mary Magdalene. In this contribution, I shall present a comprehensive view of the different facets of the way the Gospel of John introduces us to Mary Magdalene. In the course of this approach, it will become obvious that the Johannine Mary Magdalene is the faithful disciple who, when all the others were absent, was entrusted the core message of this gospel. In absolute numbers the references to Mary Magdalene in John are few (5x, cf. 4x in Mark, 3x in Matthew, 2x in Luke), but the role of Mary Magdalene in the gospels and in John in particular is nonetheless crucial.
Excavating the Emotional Nongovernmental Organization
Authors: Prakash Deepa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the emotional dynamics of nongovernmental organizations’ (NGOs’) behavior and influence in international politics. Emotions appear frequently in foundational work on the role of civil society non-state actors, especially NGOs, in international relations (IR), yet they operate as implicit and undertheorized background assumptions. By harnessing key concepts and frameworks from within scholarship on emotions in IR, and by using shame as a primary illustration, the chapter identifies pathways for how to center emotions in understanding NGOs’ political influence in IR. It begins by interrogating prevailing conceptions of emotions as “tools” used strategically by NGOs in their advocacy. It then goes beyond that conventional view to make the case for taking NGOs’ fuller emotional lives seriously as well as to examine how hierarchy and power might determine the exercise of an NGO’s emotional politics vis-à-vis a number of actors.
Climate Emotions
Authors: Holthaus Leonie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the state of the art on climate emotions in international relations. In the current literature, specific climate emotions, such as climate anxiety, climate grief, and solastalgia, are recognized. However, at this stage, more is known about the climate emotions of people living in the Global North than about the various emotions of people living in the Global South, even if the latter are further affected by climate change. Hence, the chapter calls for further research on climate emotions, drawing on multiple theoretical and methodological resources. Such research should study emerging emotional responses to climate change, interactions between emotional responses to the environmental aspects of climate change and other consequences of climate change, such as migration, relations between climate emotions and power in climate activism, and international organizations’ growing recognition of climate emotions.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Authors: Brooks Thom 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the issue of cruel and unusual punishment, beginning with an overview of how the concept is interpreted and a background survey of punishments that are considered to fall into that category. Most philosophers accept that there are limits to the justifiable severity of punishments even if those limits result in sentences that are considered less than deserved, suboptimal for deterrence, or otherwise disproportionate. Very different reasons are given from each approach, but a common thread also connects them. This chapter will show different ways of understanding this issue and the commonality in the solutions offered, as well as highlight the usefulness of a unified theory when considering the limits of punishment.
‘The Satanic School’ Hunt, the Cockneys, andThe Liberal
Authors: Cox Jeffrey N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis essay links Southey’s ‘Satanic school’ attacks on Byron and his literary allies such as Percy Bysshe Shelley and Leigh Hunt with the younger poets’ collective effort to create The Liberal. This highlights Byron’s involvement in The Liberal is a key moment in his career and, perhaps more strikingly, in his reception history. After sketching out the battle between Southey and the Lake Poets and Byron and the Cockneys, the essay argues that Byron’s decision to join with Shelley and Hunt on The Liberal was a conscious turn to identify himself as an engaged writer on the left. The Liberal reunited the radical writers of Hunt’s London circle to create a more European, more cosmopolitan, and more radical version of Romanticism. This moment points to the counter-formation of a Romanticism centred on a Wordsworthian lyric exploration of the self in nature, a Romanticism from which Byron would long be excluded.
Byron in Transit Italy inChilde Harold’s PilgrimageIV andBeppo
Authors: Crisafulli Lilla Maria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter deals with two of Byron’s most ‘Italianate’ poems, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Canto IV, and Beppo. Published in 1818, they embody Byron’s multilayered relationship with Italy and, by contrast, his conflicted relationship with Britain. Both poems are successful examples of a search for a new form of poetry that created idioms able to feed his voracious and mobile imagination. They shape his fluid and multifaceted identity as an exile, allowing Byron to cross generic boundaries, while mingling and juxtaposing local cultures and cosmopolitan histories. While Beppo is a lyrical satire, Childe Harold IV is concerned with the past and present political and cultural situation of Italy and, at the same time, thoughtfully self-referential. What connects these two poems is their complementary modes of interacting with Italian settings and mores, and of exposing the contradictions and complexities of the narrator’s response to Italy itself.
The Metaphysical Dramas Playing Against All Odds
Authors: Horová Mirka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses the ways in which Byron’s trailblazing texts Manfred, Cain, and Heaven and Earth explore the limits of agonism, the traditional essence of dramatic conflict, pitching the quest for political liberty and intellectual freedom against the seemingly unassailable supremacy of assorted metaphysical powers and their authoritarian censure. Byron’s three dramas interrogate the claim of all metaphysical hegemonies to moral authority. The plays disrupt moral closure and perform a radical revision of traditional ethics, demarcating the limits of authoritarianism’s reach, and postulating the autonomy of innate individual ethics. Where the conservative critics of the age saw merely blasphemy, the twenty-first-century reader finds a complex philosophical challenge to orthodoxy’s pretensions to moral power. These texts are poised between playful critiques of establishment rhetoric and revolutionary dissent that seeks to upend the status quo. Byron’s challenge to metaphysics and its discontents thus represents a lasting affirmation of freedom, with profound philosophical and political resonances for our own increasingly out-of-joint times.
Phonology that Will Not Harmonize
Authors: Hyman Larry M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Abstract:This chapter considers phonological properties that are generally believed not to harmonize. It begins with vowel length, showing a close (but inconclusive) example from Leggbó. It then considers whether tonal assimilations should be considered ‘harmony.’ Citing examples from Bantu languages, it shows that there are parallels, but that tonal assimilations have properties not found in segmental harmonies. In the last section it addresses ‘asymmetric harmony,’ whereby only one value of a (possibly privative) feature harmonizes—for example, Round and Nasal. As with the possibility of length harmony, it concludes with possible examples of unrounding harmony (Ineseño) and oral harmony (Pirahã, Tiene), which, however, may lend themselves to other interpretations.
Votic Vowel Harmony in Substance-Free Logical Phonology
Authors: Leduc Marjorie , Reiss Charles , Volenec Veno 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a novel account of Votic vowel harmony using components of substance-free Logical Phonology (LP). To appreciate the nature of LP, it is important not only to characterize it in positive terms, but also to highlight what it does not contain. Our LP account does not rely on notions such as contrast or markedness. Instead, we make use of formal properties like two kinds of vacuous rule application (via vacuous unification and unification failure) to derive a simple account of feature-filling patterns. Votic also provides an argument for substance-free phonology and against the notions of surface well-formedness and phonotactics playing a role in grammar. The non-functionalist, non-teleological nature of LP contrasts with output driven approaches to phonology. The analysis also resolves issues that were either unaddressed or unresolved in previous treatments.
Vowel Harmony in Computational Models of Emergence
Authors: Dras Mark , Harrison K. David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter will discuss computational models of the evolution of vowel harmony (VH), of which there are two main approaches that will be reviewed. First, it will outline the kinds of harmony phenomena that the models deal with; then it will discuss some general issues involved in computational modeling of complex systems such as language, and relatedly what claims can be made by particular sorts of models. The core of the chapter will then discuss the two alternative approaches to the modeling of VH.
Vowel Harmony in the Munda Languages
Authors: Anderson Gregory D. S. , Horo Luke , Harrison K. David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents data on vowel harmony systems from Ho and Santali, languages belonging to the Munda family of the Austroasiatic language phylum. The Munda family provides a wide range of scenarios for restricted vowel harmony systems of height, tense/lax, or tongue-root harmony operating within the domain of a single foot. These may be seen to emerge, change, and decay over time. Ho is unusual in that, despite being a language with only five phonemic vowels, it shows harmony. The study is preliminary; more research is needed on the origins, extent, and nature of vowel harmony processes in Munda languages.
Umlaut in Germanic Languages
Authors: Hansson Gunnar Ólafur , Wiese Richard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on i-umlaut in German (involving vowel fronting) and Icelandic (involving fronting and unrounding), and on u-umlaut in Icelandic (involving rounding and fronting of the vowel /a/). ‘Umlaut’ refers to a variety of word-internal vowel alternations found in Germanic languages, which are the present-day reflexes of regressive assimilation induced by suffix vowels of certain kinds. I-umlaut in present-day Standard German is discussed as a partially productive, partially unproductive historical remnant of a word-final high front vowel. In contrast, u-umlaut in Icelandic is a far more productive phenomenon, although the common view that it still involves a synchronically active phonological assimilation process is shown to be problematic. In both languages, umlaut is triggered by derivational and inflectional morphology alike. Various approaches to the interpretation of umlaut in recent theoretical literature are discussed as well.
Religion: Rites vs Rights
Authors: Hernández-Truyol Berta Esperanza 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tensions in civil society based on religion are nothing new. The world is home to many religions and religious traditions that differ in culture and rituals, beliefs, and commands but that promote peace, harmony, and coexistence, yet religion often becomes a deep and delicate source of conflict. Religious liberty also is a location of tension with the rights to non-discrimination and equality. For example, religion was used to justify (and to oppose) the inhuman and inhumane institution of slavery and to justify sex discrimination. In the twenty-first century, the tension between religious freedom and LGBT equality has become a major battleground. This chapter addresses whether tensions between LGBT equality and religious liberty are intractable or whether there can be reconciliation that allows all sides to live their lives without being subjected to discrimination in the public, employment, and commercial services spheres. To explore this question this chapter provides the legal context in which these conflicts develop, including international, regional, and national law. The chapter concludes that the appropriate way to resolve the conflict is by adopting an awakened balancing approach that recognizes that both religious freedom and non-discrimination are high-value fundamental rights in the international, regional, and national spheres. Such a model allows for a reasoned solution to the legal and emotional tensions that arise from this clash of rights.
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Authors: Wintemute Robert 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many human rights claims by lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons have been framed as ones of ‘equality’ or ‘non-discrimination’ based on their sexual orientation. LGB persons can litigate under an international human rights treaty or a national constitution (‘constitutional antidiscrimination law’) and ask a court to read ‘sexual orientation’ into an open-ended prohibition of discrimination. If the treaty or constitution is being drafted for the first time, or is being amended, they can engage in lobbying and ask for express inclusion of sexual orientation, but full protection against discrimination requires ‘statutory antidiscrimination law’, applying both to the public and private sectors. Once again, LGB persons can turn to litigation and argue that an existing ground such as ‘sex’ applies, or they can lobby for the express inclusion of sexual orientation in the relevant legislation.
The Effects of Macroeconomic Shocks: Household Financial Distress Matters
Authors: Mustre-del-Río José , Sánchez Juan M , Mather Ryan , Athreya Kartik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
When a macroeconomic shock arrives, variation in household balance sheet health (captured by the presence of financial distress, or “FD”) leads to differential access to credit and hence a distribution in consumption responses. As we document, though, over the past two recessions, households in prior FD also experienced macroeconomic shocks more intensely than others, leading to a distribution of shock severity. Quantifying the importance of each dimension of heterogeneity (FD or shock severity) for consumption requires a structural model. We find that heterogeneity in FD matters more for shaping the responses of individual and aggregate consumption to shocks.
School start times and their association with rurality in British Columbia, Canada: An environmental scan
Authors: Keys Elizabeth , Michon Tai-Lin , Boogaart Kayleigh , Beck Amy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Since later school start times are associated with increased sleep duration, our objectives were to identify mean school start times, the proportion of schools that start at 08:30 am or later, and determine if rurality was associated with school start times.

Methods
We conducted web searches for start times of 1759 standard schools in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Schools were categorized as elementary, elementary-middle, middle, middle-high, or high school and linked to an Index of Remoteness. We calculated descriptive statistics and used Analysis of Variance to assess for start time differences by grade category. We used Spearman’s rank-order correlation to assess if there was a relationship between start time and rurality.

Results
We found start times for 1553 (88.2%) of the included schools. The mean start time was 08:40 am (SD = 0:15) and ranged from 07:10 am to 09:45 am. There was a significant effect of grade category on start time, F (5, 1600) = 6.03, p &lt; .001, η2 =.02, 95% CI [.006, .031] such that elementary-middle schools started significantly earlier (M = 08:34 am, SD = 0:17) than other grade categories. Overall, 1388 (86.4%) schools started at 08:30 am or later. Rurality was significantly correlated with school start time (r = −.198), such that more rural schools started earlier.

Conclusions
For the most part, school start times in BC meet recommendations that support childhood and adolescent sleep. Future research is needed to understand factors that promote the successful implementation of delayed school start times.