bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of long‐hours family caregiving on non‐fatal coronary heart disease risk in middle‐aged people: Results from a longitudinal nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Miyawaki Atsushi , Tomio Jun , Kobayashi Yasuki , Takahashi Hideto , Noguchi Haruko , Tamiya Nanako 
Published: May 2017

AimThe effects of family caregiving, especially long‐hours caregiving, on coronary heart disease (CHD) are debatable. We examined the impact of family caregiving on incident non‐fatal CHD.MethodsWe used data from the Longitudinal Survey of Middle‐Aged and Elderly Persons from 2005 to 2010, a nationwide panel survey for Japanese people aged 50–59 years in 2005 (baseline). After we excluded non‐respondents and people with missing key variables at baseline, 25 121 individuals without CHD, stroke or cancer were followed up for a mean of 4.6 years. The exposure was assessed at baseline by three indicators: (i) family caregiving; (ii) hours spent caregiving; and (iii) kinship type of care recipient. The non‐fatal CHD incidence was identified according to questionnaire responses from 2006 to 2010.ResultsCox's proportional hazards analysis did not show a statistically significant association between family caregiving and incident non‐fatal CHD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92–1.40). Caregivers who spent 20–69 h per week on care showed a statistically significant increased risk for non‐fatal CHD (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.23–2.58) compared with non‐caregivers; whereas this increased risk was statistically significant only among women (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.27–3.08), but not among men (HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.67–2.71). Kinship type of care recipient did not make a significant difference to the effects of family caregiving on incident non‐fatal CHD.ConclusionsLong‐hours family caregiving could be an independent risk factor for incident non‐fatal CHD among middle‐aged women in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2109–2115.
Rare earth (RE: Nd, Dy, Ho, Y, Yb, and Sc) aluminosilicates for joining silicon carbide components
Authors: Herrmann Marion , Ahmad Sarfraz , Lippmann Wolfgang , Seifert Hans‐Jürgen , Hurtado Antonio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSix different types of glass 12.18 RE2O3‐22 Al2O3‐65.82 SiO2 (mol %) where RE: Nd, Dy, Ho, Y, Yb, and Sc were tested for joining silicon carbide (SiC) components. The different types of glass vary in their thermal properties but they are similar in their behavior for the joining process when a laser‐based heating technology was used. The quality of the joints was characterized by microscopic analysis, mechanical tests, and measurements of tightness. Annealing experiments were conducted at temperatures in the range of the glass transition and crystallization allowing an assessment of the compositions for usability as glass and as glass‐ceramic interlayers. Five of the investigated compositions can be recommended for application up to temperatures of 900°C. The Y‐ and Yb‐based compositions guarantee a high joint quality at temperatures up to 1200°C. The high temperature assessment was based on tightness and microstructural analyses of the joints after the annealing procedures. The results can be transferred to joining processes with lower heating and cooling rates.
Exit or Voice? The Recent Drivers of Kosovar Out‐migration
Authors: Möllers Judith , Arapi‐Gjini Arjola , Herzfeld Thomas , Xhema Sherif 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA remarkable out‐migration from Kosovo occurred after the winter 2014/15, raising urgent questions about its underlying drivers and implications for both Kosovo and the destination countries. This article aims at providing a better understanding of key migration triggers and some particularities of the phenomenon. We link our empirically found migration drivers to Hirschman's () famous exit, voice or loyalty scheme by asking in how far the exit must be understood as the explicit alternative to voicing dissatisfaction with the current situation in the country. According to our results, the recent Kosovar out‐migration is a clear response to weak governance and thus goes beyond the widespread ‘migration‐cum‐remittances’ livelihood practice. In this sense it could be interpreted as a revolt against the political system. With view to policy implications for destination countries, we point at legal travel and migration opportunities as the better solution to channel both voice and exit.
The many ways tissue phagocytes respond to dying cells
Authors: Blander J. Magarian 
Published: May 2017

SummaryApoptosis is an important component of normal tissue physiology, and the prompt removal of apoptotic cells is equally essential to avoid the undesirable consequences of their accumulation and disintegration. Professional phagocytes are highly specialized for engulfing apoptotic cells. The recent ability to track cells that have undergone apoptosis in situ has revealed a division of labor among the tissue resident phagocytes that sample them. Macrophages are uniquely programmed to process internalized apoptotic cell‐derived fatty acids, cholesterol and nucleotides, as a reflection of their dominant role in clearing the bulk of apoptotic cells. Dendritic cells carry apoptotic cells to lymph nodes where they signal the emergence and expansion of highly suppressive regulatory CD4 T cells. A broad suppression of inflammation is executed through distinct phagocyte‐specific mechanisms. A clever induction of negative regulatory nodes is notable in dendritic cells serving to simultaneously shut down multiple pathways of inflammation. Several of the genes and pathways modulated in phagocytes in response to apoptotic cells have been linked to chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Our collective understanding of old and new phagocyte functions after apoptotic cell phagocytosis demonstrates the enormity of ways to mediate immune suppression and enforce tissue homeostasis.
Effect of low‐to‐moderate‐dose corticosteroids on mortality of hospitalized adolescents and adults with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viral pneumonia
Authors: Li Hui , Yang Shi‐gui , Gu Li , Zhang Yao , Yan Xi‐xin , Liang Zong‐an , Zhang Wei , Jia Hong‐yu , Chen Wei , Liu Meng , Yu Kai‐jiang , Xue Chun‐xue , Hu Ke , Zou Qi , Li Lan‐juan , Cao Bin , Wang Chen ,   the National Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Clinical Investigation Group of China
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe effect of corticosteroids on influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viral pneumonia patients remains controversial, and the impact of dosage has never been studied.MethodsUsing data of hospitalized adolescent and adult patients with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viral pneumonia, prospectively collected from 407 hospitals in mainland China, the effects of low‐to‐moderate‐dose (25‐150 mg d−1) and high‐dose (>150 mg d−1) corticosteroids on 30‐day mortality, 60‐day mortality, and nosocomial infection were assessed with multivariate Cox regression and propensity score‐matched case–control analysis.ResultsIn total, 2141 patients (median age: 34 years; morality rate: 15.9%) were included. Among them, 1160 (54.2%) had PaO2/FiO2<300 mm Hg on admission, and 1055 (49.3%) received corticosteroids therapy. Corticosteroids, without consideration of dose, did not influence either 30‐day or 60‐day mortality. Further analysis revealed that, as compared with the no‐corticosteroid group, low‐to‐moderate‐dose corticosteroids were related to reduced 30‐day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.64 [95% CI 0.43‐0.96, P=.033]). In the subgroup analysis among patients with PaO2/FiO2<300 mm Hg, low‐to‐moderate‐dose corticosteroid treatment significantly reduced both 30‐day mortality (aHR 0.49 [95% CI 0.32‐0.77]) and 60‐day mortality (aHR 0.51 [95% CI 0.33‐0.78]), while high‐dose corticosteroid therapy yielded no difference. For patients with PaO2/FiO2 ≥300 mm Hg, corticosteroids (irrespective of dose) showed no benefit and even increased 60‐day mortality (aHR 3.02 [95% CI 1.06‐8.58]). Results were similar in the propensity model analysis.ConclusionsLow‐to‐moderate‐dose corticosteroids might reduce mortality of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viral pneumonia patients with PaO2/FiO2<300 mm Hg. Mild patients with PaO2/FiO2 ≥300 mm Hg could not benefit from corticosteroid therapy.
Magnetic and electric properties of wrinkled manganite films derived by sol‐gel method
Authors: Zhao Bo , Chen Ying , Xue Fen , Guo Xin , Wang Genshui , Yang Lihui , Wang Wensheng , Dong Xianlin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFlat and wrinkled La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) thin films were prepared by sol‐gel method, respectively, on Si (001) substrates by adjusting heating rate at drying stage. Wrinkled film has larger grains than flat film. Coercive field (about 27 Oe) of wrinkled film is higher than that of flat film, which is much low as around 5 Oe. Compared with flat films, wrinkled films have larger magnetization, higher Curie temperature (334 K) and peak resistivity temperature (243 K), and lower resistivity (0.18 Ohm·cm at 300 K). The introducing of wrinkles is an efficient way to induce compressive stress in sol‐gel derived polycrystalline LSMO films and enhance the magnetic and electric properties.
Highly thermally stable and emission color tunable borate glass for white‐light‐emitting diodes with zero organic resin
Authors: Gou Jing , Fan Jingyan , Zuo Shengnan , Luo Meng , Chen Yali , Zhou Xiaomeng , Yang Yang , Yu Binxun , Liu Shengzhong Frank 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhite‐light‐emitting glass is a kind of potential bireplacement of both phosphors and epoxy resin in high‐power white‐light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) because of its high thermal conductivity and excellent thermal stability in aspect of luminescence, CIE chromaticity, and transmittance. In this study, a series of tunable white‐light‐emitting strontium borate (SBO) glass SBO:Tb3+,Eu3+ were prepared by conventional melt quenching method, and their luminescence properties were systematically studied through their photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, decay curves, and quantum efficiency. Intense white light emitting can be achieved by in situ mixing of yellowish green and reddish orange emissions from Tb3+ and Eu3+, respectively, in single glass component SBO, and mixed white emissions can be tuned by Tb3+→Eu3+ energy transfer with the increasing concentration of energy acceptor Eu3+. The quantum efficiency of optimal glass SBO:10%Tb3+,6%Eu3+ was measured as 36.78%. And the excellent thermal stability of this glass can remain its luminescence intensity above 80% at the temperatures below 523 K. Its chromaticity shift is less than 0.01 at the temperature below 548 K, which is far smaller than that of commercial DS‐200 and triple‐color white‐emitting phosphor mixture. Except all above, the transmittance of this glass hardly shows loss after thermal aging at 120°C for 240 hours, which is superior to the only remaining 58.8% transmittance of epoxy resin. The thermal conductivity of this glass is 0.65 W/mK much better than the 0.16 W/mK of epoxy resin. Based on above research results, SBO:Tb3+,Eu3+ glass is considered as a promising candidate for high‐power WLEDs, thus a SBO‐WLED is simply assembled by SBO:10%Tb3+,6%Eu3+ glass and 378 nm LED chip that can present excellent luminescence performance with V=10 V, I=600 mA.
An oscillatory pressure sintering of zirconia powder: Rapid densification with limited grain growth
Authors: Han Yao , Li Shuang , Zhu Tianbin , Xie Zhipeng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA novel oscillatory pressure sintering (OPS) process is reported to prepare high‐quality ceramics. The oscillatory pressure was applied at three stages (initial, intermediate, and final) during sintering process of zirconia ceramics for the first time. The microstructure of the samples prepared by OPS develops in a more homogeneous manner, leading to a higher final density, a smaller average grain size, and a narrower distribution of grain sizes compared with the samples prepared by conventional pressureless sintering (PS) and hot‐pressing (HP) processes. Remarkably, the OPS samples was obtained at relatively lower heating temperature and less soaking time for 1300°C and 0.5 hours than the samples prepared by other two techniques at 1450°C and 1 hour. The current results suggest that OPS is an effective technique for preparing high‐quality zirconia ceramics with low heating temperature and short sintering time, thus, it obviously reduces cost.
Consolidation of undoped, monoclinic zirconia polycrystals by flash sintering
Authors: Morisaki Nobuhiro , Yoshida Hidehiro , Tokunaga Tomoharu , Sasaki Katsuhiro , Yamamoto Takahisa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractConsolidated, monoclinic ZrO2 polycrystal was produced from undoped ZrO2 powders in air by flash sintering at the sintering temperature of 1350°C for 5 minutes or 3 hours under an applied DC electric field of 175 V/cm. When the ZrO2 was heated under the applied DC field, the electric current of the specimen steeply increased at the furnace temperature of 1335°C below the sintering temperature of 1350°C. When the furnace temperature was decreased from the sintering temperature of 1350°C to room temperature, volumetric expansion associated with tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic phase transformation gradually took place at the furnace temperature from 1000°C to 750°C, and monoclinic ZrO2 body was remained consolidated even at room temperature in both specimens. In contrast, conventionally sintered ZrO2 without applying DC field exhibited the abrupt volumetric expansion at about 1000°C, and shattered. SEM observation revealed the presence of grain‐boundary second phase in the flash‐sintered specimen for 3 hours, which is a possible origin of keeping a bulk body at room temperature. The thinner second phase is considered to be formed also in the flash‐sintered specimen for 5 minutes, although the formation of the phase could not be observed clearly by SEM observation. On the other hand, XRD measurements showed that <001> directions of the monoclinic ZrO2 grains were oriented along the applied DC field after the isothermal flash sintering for 3 hours while the grain alignment could not be observed in flash‐sintered specimen for 5 minutes. The alignment of ZrO2 grains observed in the isothermal flash sintering is considered to be closely related to the preferential direction of oxygen ionic conduction and the second phase formed along grain boundaries.
Phylogeography of the dry vegetation endemic speciesNephila sexpunctata(Araneae: Araneidae) suggests recent expansion of the Neotropical Dry Diagonal
Authors: Bartoleti Luiz Filipe de Macedo , Peres Elen Arroyo , Sobral‐Souza Thadeu , Fontes Fernanda von Hertwig Mascarenhas , Silva Márcio José da , Solferini Vera Nisaka 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe Neotropical Dry Diagonal (DD) is a corridor of distinct dry environments in central South America. The main hypotheses suggest that these environments may have expanded during the glacial cycles together with a retraction of rainforests, and then shrank when the climate became wetter and warmer. However, few studies have explicitly tested the hypotheses onDDevolution. We conducted a phylogeographical study onNephila sexpunctata, a spider endemic to Neotropical dry habitats, to enrich the understanding ofDDevolutionary history.LocationSouth‐western portion of theDD(Cerrado and Chaco).MethodsWe sequenced two mitochondrial regions and one nuclearDNAregion of 65 individuals from 10 locations across the species’ range. We conducted analyses of genetic structure, variability, demography and inferred divergence times. We used an ecological niche modelling framework to generate hypotheses on the species’ distribution along the last glacial cycle and a model‐based approach to test the demographical scenarios that might explain the genetic patterns.ResultsBoth markers presented low genetic diversity. Mitochondrial markers had high genetic structure, with specific geographical lineages within each biome, while the nuclear marker presented low genetic structure. Phylogeographical and demographical events encompass the last glacial cycle, with a strong post‐Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) population and spatial expansion. Model testing corroborated the recent demographical expansion ofN. sexpunctata.Main ConclusionsOur data suggest that Quaternary climate cycles, when moist forests periodically expanded towards the dry vegetation, influenced the diversification ofDDorganisms by promoting demographical events. These events might explain the genetic structure observed inN. sexpunctata; differently from what was expected by the Pleistocene refugia model, someDDspecies may have experienced post‐LGMexpansion. Climate and geological events have both affectedDD‐endemic organisms’ diversification.
What about Ambivalence and Indifference? Rethinking the Effects of European Attitudes on Voter Turnout in European Parliament Elections
Authors: Kentmen‐Cin Cigdem 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrevious studies of turnout in European Parliament elections have focused on how positive and negative attitudes towards the EU affect voter turnout while ignoring other EU related attitudes. To fill this gap, this article compares the impact of ambivalence and indifference on turnout with that of positive and negative attitudes. Using multilevel logit regression, it demonstrates that ambivalence increased the odds of turnout in the 2004 and 2009 European Parliament elections compared to both negative and indifferent attitudes. However, ambivalence only increases the possibility of turnout if the number of positive thoughts about the EU is equal to or higher than the number of negative thoughts. Having a greater number of negative thoughts, in contrast, does not discourage turnout. The paper concludes that one‐dimensional measures of EU attitudes are over‐simplistic and fail to provide a complete description of European voting behaviour.
Statistical word learning in children with autism spectrum disorder and specific language impairment
Authors: Haebig Eileen , Saffran Jenny R. , Ellis Weismer Susan 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundWord learning is an important component of language development that influences child outcomes across multiple domains. Despite the importance of word knowledge, word‐learning mechanisms are poorly understood in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined underlying mechanisms of word learning, specifically, statistical learning and fast‐mapping, in school‐aged children with typical and atypical development.MethodsStatistical learning was assessed through a word segmentation task and fast‐mapping was examined in an object‐label association task. We also examined children's ability to map meaning onto newly segmented words in a third task that combined exposure to an artificial language and a fast‐mapping task.ResultsChildren with SLI had poorer performance on the word segmentation and fast‐mapping tasks relative to the typically developing and ASD groups, who did not differ from one another. However, when children with SLI were exposed to an artificial language with phonemes used in the subsequent fast‐mapping task, they successfully learned more words than in the isolated fast‐mapping task. There was some evidence that word segmentation abilities are associated with word learning in school‐aged children with typical development and ASD, but not SLI. Follow‐up analyses also examined performance in children with ASD who did and did not have a language impairment. Children with ASD with language impairment evidenced intact statistical learning abilities, but subtle weaknesses in fast‐mapping abilities.ConclusionsAs the Procedural Deficit Hypothesis (PDH) predicts, children with SLI have impairments in statistical learning. However, children with SLI also have impairments in fast‐mapping. Nonetheless, they are able to take advantage of additional phonological exposure to boost subsequent word‐learning performance. In contrast to the PDH, children with ASD appear to have intact statistical learning, regardless of language status; however, fast‐mapping abilities differ according to broader language skills.
Increased pupil dilation to angry faces predicts interpersonal stress generation in offspring of depressed mothers
Authors: Feurer Cope , Burkhouse Katie L. , Siegle Greg , Gibb Brandon E. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundInterpersonal stress generation is one mechanism hypothesized to increase risk for the intergenerational transmission of depression. Although there is some evidence of stress generation in offspring of depressed mothers, specific predictors of stress generation in these youth remain unknown. The goal of this study was to examine a peripheral measure of cognitive‐affective reactivity (i.e. pupil dilation) to emotional interpersonal stimuli as a predictor of stress generation in offspring of depressed mothers.MethodThe study included 129 mothers and their offspring (ages 8–15) recruited from the community who participated at two time points separated by 6 months. Youth's average pupil dilation to emotional faces (angry, happy, sad) as well as maternal lifetime history of major depressive disorder were assessed at baseline. In addition, both time points included assessments of youth's levels of self‐generated (dependent) and independent episodic life stress in the preceding 6 months.ResultsYouth's pupil dilation to angry, but not sad or happy, faces predicted prospective increases in dependent interpersonal stress across the follow‐up. This effect was only observed in offspring of depressed mothers and was not seen in offspring of never‐depressed mothers.ConclusionsThis study highlights a potential risk factor (heightened reactivity to facial displays of anger) that may identify which offspring of depressed mothers are at greatest risk for interpersonal stress generation.
Effective methods for tick removal: A systematic review
Authors: Huygelen Véronique , Borra Vere , De Buck Emmy , Vandekerckhove Philippe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimProviding evidence‐based first aid training to lay people is a cost‐effective intervention. This systematic review aimed to collect the best available evidence on effective methods to remove a tick, performed by lay people.MethodsA systematic search was performed searching the Cochrane Library (via Wiley), MEDLINE (via the PubMed interface), and Embase (via the Embase.com interface) to identify studies with evidence on tick removal strategies. Study selection was performed by two independent reviewers and data extraction was achieved in a tabular format. GRADE was used to determine the quality of evidence.ResultsOut of 2046 articles, six experimental animal studies were included. These studies compared different chemical treatments (gasoline, petroleum jelly, clear fingernail polish, or methylated spirit) or mechanical techniques (forceps or commercial devices) for tick removal. The available studies were all of very low quality and suggest that there is limited evidence in favor of pulling with commercial devices and in favor of pulling with forceps compared to rotation with forceps to remove ticks.ConclusionsLimited evidence was found in favor of pulling with commercial tick removal devices or pulling with forceps. The evidence of the included studies is of very low quality and results of these studies are imprecise due to limited sample size, large variability of results, and/or lack of data. Since large high‐quality studies are lacking, more rigorous studies are warranted to enable strong evidence‐based recommendations.