bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial Ganglionic Eminence Progenitors Transplanted into Hippocampus Integrate in a Functional and Subtype-Appropriate Manner
Authors: Hsieh Jui-Yi , Baraban Scott C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMedial ganglionic eminence (MGE) transplantation rescues disease phenotypes in various preclinical models with interneuron deficiency or dysfunction, including epilepsy. While underlying mechanism(s) remains unclear to date, a simple explanation is that appropriate synaptic integration of MGE-derived interneurons elevates GABA-mediated inhibition and modifies the firing activity of excitatory neurons in the host brain. However, given the complexity of interneurons and potential for transplant-derived interneurons to integrate or alter the host network in unexpected ways, it remains unexplored whether synaptic connections formed by transplant-derived interneurons safely mirror those associated with endogenous interneurons. Here, we combined optogenetics, interneuron-specific Cre driver mouse lines, and electrophysiology to study synaptic integration of MGE progenitors. We demonstrated that MGE-derived interneurons, when transplanted into the hippocampus of neonatal mice, migrate in the host brain, differentiate to mature inhibitory interneurons, and form appropriate synaptic connections with native pyramidal neurons. Endogenous and transplant-derived MGE progenitors preferentially formed inhibitory synaptic connections onto pyramidal neurons but not endogenous interneurons. These findings demonstrate that transplanted MGE progenitors functionally integrate into the postnatal hippocampal network.
Synaptic Targeting of Double-Projecting Ventral CA1 Hippocampal Neurons to the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Basal Amygdala
Authors: Kim Woong Bin , Cho Jun-Hyeong 
Published: April 2017

The acquisition and retrieval of contextual fear memory requires coordinated neural activity in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and amygdala. The contextual information encoded in the hippocampus is conveyed to the mPFC and amygdala for contextual fear conditioning. Previous studies have suggested that a CA1 neuronal population in the ventral hippocampus (VH) projects to both the mPFC and amygdala and is recruited in context-dependent control of conditioned fear. However, how double-projecting ventral CA1 hippocampal (vCA1) neurons modulate the activity of the mPFC and amygdala at the synaptic level has not been determined previously. Here, we show that the optogenetic silencing of the VH prevented the recall of contextual fear memory in mice, indicating its role in contextual fear expression. In dual retrograde viral tracing and c-Fos immunostaining experiments, we found that a proportion of vCA1 neurons projected to both the mPFC and amygdala and were recruited preferentially during context exposure, suggesting their role in encoding context representations. Moreover, optogenetic stimulation of axon collaterals of double-projecting vCA1 neurons induced monosynaptic excitatory responses in both the mPFC and basal amygdala, indicating that they could convey contextual information through the VH–mPFC and VH–amygdala pathways. The activation of double-projecting vCA1 neurons also induced action potential firings in the mPFC neurons that project to the amygdala, suggesting that they can also activate the VH–mPFC–amygdala pathway. With these synaptic mechanisms, double-projecting vCA1 neurons could induce synchronized neural activity in the mPFC and amygdala and convey contextual information efficiently to the basal amygdala for contextual fear conditioning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis work demonstrates that ventral CA1 hippocampal (vCA1) neurons projecting to both the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala are activated preferentially when contextual information is processed in the ventral hippocampus, which is required for contextual fear expression. Our electrophysiological experiments reveal that the activation of double-projecting vCA1 neurons induces excitatory synaptic activity in both the mPFC and amygdala. These results suggest that double-projecting vCA1 neurons could contribute to contextual fear responses by inducing synchronized activity in the mPFC and amygdala and conveying contextual information to the basal amygdala more efficiently than vCA1 neurons projecting to either the mPFC or amygdala alone. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms of the acquisition and retrieval of contextual fear memory.
Cell wall fractions in the biomass of Dactylis glomerata and Festuca pratensis
Authors: Sosnowski J. , Matsyura A. , Jankowksi K. , Przytuła M. 
Published: April 2017

<p>The <strong>purpose</strong> of this paper is to determine the changes in the concentration of different fractions in the cell wall of <em>Dactylis glomerata</em> and <em>Festuca pratensis</em> growing on both mineral and organic soil with different harvesting times. This paper has drawn on two field experiments set up and carried out between 2010 and 2013 by the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing in Słupia Wielka. The experimental plots were sown with varieties of <em>Dactylis glomerata</em>: Niva, Tukan, Amila, Crown Royale and with varieties of <em>Festuca pratensis</em>: Limosa, Pasja, Anturka, Amelka (d. AND 1009). The experiment in Krzyżewo was set up on mineral soil. In Uhnin the experimental plots were located on peat meadow. The full exploitation of <em>Dactylis glomerata</em> varieties was due between 2012 and 2013, whereas for <em>Festuca pratensis</em> it was due between 2011 and 2012. In the experimental plots with the varieties of <em>Dactylis glomerata</em> the grass was harvested six times a year and chemical analysis of the biomass was done taking dry matter only from five cuts. The varieties of <em>Festuca pratensis</em> were harvested four times. Each year in the course of the experiment fresh and dry matter of each cut were weighed. The obtained results showed that the time of the harvest or cut for both of the grass species showed significantly different concentrations of the neutral detergent fiber fraction (NDF), acid detergent fiber fraction (ADF) and different concentrations of lignin and cellulose. For both of the grass species, plants harvested in the fourth cut had the highest content of different cell wall fractions. The location, that is the type of soil, affected the concentration of lignin (ADL), but only in the case of <em>Festuca pratensis</em>. A higher concentration of this polysaccharide was in the grass growing on organic soil.</p>
PERTUMBUHAN POPULASI ROTIFER (Brachionus rotundiformis) TIPE-SS PADA SUHU YANG BERBEDA DI LABORATORIUM
Authors: Rusdi Ibnu 
Published: April 2017

Rotifer (Brachionus rotundiformis) adalah rnikroorganisme dari jenis zooplankton yang memegang peranan penting dalam perbenihan ikan laut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu air media terhadap pertumbuhan populasi rotifer, B. rotundiformis tipe-SS asal tambak di Situbondo-Jawa Timur yang dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium.
STG-ET: DLR electric propulsion test facility
Authors: Neumann Andreas 
Published: April 2017

DLR operates the High Vacuum Plume Test Facility Göttingen – Electric Thrusters (STG-ET). This electric propulsion test facility has now accumulated several years of EP-thruster testing experience. Special features tailored to electric space propulsion testing like a large vacuum chamber mounted on a low vibration foundation, a beam dump target with low sputtering, and a performant pumping system characterize this facility. The vacuum chamber is 12.2m long and has a diameter of 5m. With respect to accurate thruster testing, the design focus is on accurate thrust measurement, plume diagnostics, and plume interaction with spacecraft components. Electric propulsion thrusters have to run for thousands of hours, and with this the facility is prepared for long-term experiments. This paper gives an overview of the facility, and shows some details of the vacuum chamber, pumping system, diagnostics, and experiences with these components. New version available: DLR Institute of Aerodynamics and Technology. (2018). STG-ET: DLR Electric Propulsion Test Facility. Journal of large-scale research facilities, 4, A134. http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-156-1
Bienvenida
Authors: Sanchez París Rafael 
Published: April 2017

<p>Transhumanismo y posthumanismo. </p><p>Palabras del señor rector de la Universidad El Bosque, doctor Rafael Sánchez París, en la nstalación, el 21 de agosto de 2015, del XXI Seminario Internacional de Bioética "Transhumanismo y Posthumanismo", realizado por el Departamento de Bioética de la Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, el 21 y 22 de agosto de 2015.</p>
Biopolítica e individuación viviente: la ética en los tiempos de la biotecnología
Authors: Rodríguez Pablo Esteban 
Published: April 2017

<p class="yiv3765695419msonormal"><span>El artículo explora las consecuencias del desarrollo de las biotecnologías para el campo de la bioética mediante dos conceptos fundamentales: el de biopolítica de Michel Foucault y el de individuación de Gilbert Simondon. La comprensión de lo viviente en relación con lo artificial mediante modelos cibernéticos transformó, a mediados del siglo XX lo que se entiende hoy por persona, cuerpo y vida. Este cambio se hace evidente en el nivel científico, en los principios de la biología molecular, así como en el nivel social, en un conjunto de nuevas prácticas ligadas al cuidado de la salud. Ambos niveles convergen en la noción de biopolítica molecular (Paul Rabinow-Nikolas Rose), cuyas características fueron anticipadas en los años ’50 por la concepción simondoniana de la sucesión de individuaciones: física, viviente, psíquico-colectiva y técnica. Este trabajo argumenta que: 1) no es posible entender la innovación de las biotecnologías sin recurrir a la perspectiva biopolítica; y 2) la crisis actual de la noción de individuo debe ser abordada proponiendo una ética, una bio-ética inspirada en Simondon, que renuncie a la apelación a categorías universales.</span></p>
L’exercice de la medecine: valeurs des patients, normes des professionnels, conflits et deliberation publique
Authors: Pelluchon Corine 
Published: April 2017

<p class="p1"> Suivant Ricoeur, pour l´exercice de la médecine ce qui se passe au chevet du malade n’est pas séparable de ce qui travaille la société, de l’évolution des moeurs, de la représentation par les individus de la santé, voire du bonheur, et de ce qu’ils peuvent demander aux médecins. Du côté des soignants, les possibilités techniques obligent à redéfinir le sens du soin, penser la proportionnalité des traitements et à réfléchir à la place de l’éthique. Le problème est de savoir comment articuler le droit et la morale. L’éthique de la discussion de Habermas séduit les médecins et ils parviennent, au deuxième niveau du jugement médical, à dégager des normes valides et universalisables. Mais au troisième niveau, la question est de savoir si cette éthique de la discussion est applicable au niveau politique, qui nous concerne tous. Parler des valeurs des patients, des normes des professionnels, des conflits et de la délibération publique invite à proposer une conception rénovée du sujet qui serve de fondement au politique, à penser la modification des instances délibératives et de la démocratie représentative et à répondre à la demande d’intelligibilité du public qui est mûr pour une autre démocratie.</p>
Selección individual, selección de grupo y Homo sapiens
Authors: Cadena Monroy Luis Álvaro 
Published: April 2017

Se analizan las propuestas de la selección individual derivadas de la teoría sintética de la evolución junto con la propuesta de selección de grupos de Wynne-Edwards, y la reacción de los primeros con relación a la selección de grupos. A continuación, se analizan las nuevas propuestas de la selección de grupos y se sugiere la siguiente argumentación para rebatir los argumentos centrales en contra de la selección de grupos: el ciclo de un grupo es menor que el ciclo de vida de los individuos, lo cual hace que los efectos de la selección de grupo no se vean anulados por la selección individual. Se complementan los argumentos en favor de la selección de grupos en Homo sapiens: la moral de grupos, la tendencia a la exclusión, el lenguaje simbólico, la tecnología armamentista, la cooperación, el castigo altruista, el castigo a quien no castiga, hicieron una sinergia con la selección de grupos hace unos 45.000 años. Se sugiere, finalmente, que la selección de grupos continúa actuando en los seres humanos actuales.
No berço da bioética: o encontro de um credo, com um imperativo e um principio
Authors: Pessini Leo 
Published: April 2017

<p>Este artigo faz uma incursão nas origens históricas da bioética resgatando historicamente três protagonistas importantes. Um mais conhecido e reconhecido, Van Rensselaer Potter nos EUA e o outro completamente desconhecido e que somente muito recentemente temos notícia, em 1997, trata-se do filósofo, teólogo, pastor e educador alemão Friz Jahr. Ficamos sabendo que A expressão Bioética, foi utilizada pela primeira vez por Jahr, na Alemanha, em 1926 e 1927 num artigo publicado na revista científica Kosmos intitulado <strong>“Bio-Ethik: Eine Umschau über die ethischen Beziehungen des Menschen zu Tier und Pflanze”</strong> . Jahr ampliou o conceito do imperativo Kantiano e propõe o Imperativo Bioético <strong>“respeite todo ser vivo, como princípio e fim</strong> <strong>em si mesmo e trate–o, se possível enquanto tal</strong> ”. O conceito de bioética de Jahr inclui, além do ser humano, todas as formas de vida. O terceiro protagonista na fase inicial do surgimento da bioética e Hans Jonas, filósofo judeu-alemão, que vai elaborar o seu <strong>principio da responsabilidade</strong> , pensando e elaborando uma ética frente ao domínio crescente da civilização técnico–cientifica. A expressão Bioética ganhou certificado de nascimento e se consolida nos EUA durante os anos 70 e depois é “exportada” para o mundo, a partir dos anos 80 do século passado, a partir dos trabalhos de Potter e mais a fundação do <strong>Instituto Kennedy de</strong> <strong>Bioética </strong> (1971) junto à Georgetown University em Washington, DC.</p>
Conflitos morais sobre a terminalidade da vida: aspectos médicos, filosóficos e jurídicos
Authors: Pessini Leo , De Siqueira José Eduardo , Motta de Siqueira Carlos Eduardo 
Published: April 2017

<p> A rotina imposta aos médicos é reconhecer e perseguir múltiplos objetivos, que podem ser complementares ou excludentes. Curar a enfermidade, cuidar da insuficiência orgânica, restabelecer a função, compensar a perda, aliviar os sofrimentos; confortar pacientes e familiares e acompanhar, ativa e serenamente, os últimos momentos da vida do paciente não é tarefa fácil e isenta de frustrações, pois os obriga a considerar, caso a caso, o justo equilíbrio nas tomadas de decisões, evitando a obstinação terapêutica em circunstância de terminalidade da vida, reconhecendo a finitude humana e as limitações da ciência médica sem deixar de proporcionar todos os benefícios oferecidos pelos avanços do conhecimento científico. Aspecto não menos importante é o da valorização das crenças do enfermo, pois a busca por um sentido transcendente da existência ocupa lugar importante na história biográfica das pessoas. O presente artigo pretende oferecer reflexões para orientar a busca prudente do adequado equilíbrio no uso das hodiernas tecnologias biomédicas no tratamento de pacientes com enfermidades crônico-degenerativas em fase terminal. Outrossim, consideramos ser imperioso que os médicos sejam receptivos e respeitosos às crenças e valores pessoais de seus pacientes e que o árduo exercício da profissão não seja ainda mais custoso caso se adote o perigoso atalho da medicina defensiva.</p>
Buscando agentes antifúngicos naturales: Ensayo sensible para detectar inhibidores de endo-1,3-β-glucanasa en extractos crudos de plantas
Authors: Vargas-Arispuro Irasema , Fraijo-Martínez Marisol , Vallejo-Cohen Socorro , Corrales-Maldonado Consuelo , Martínez-Téllez Miguel Ángel 
Published: April 2017

<p class="Pa4">La enzima 1,3-β-glucanasa está impli­cada en la construcción de la pared celular de hon­gos, en la formación del septum de división y en el ensamblado de la pared de ascosporas. Razón por la cual la 1,3-β-glucanasa es un sitio blanco para el desarrollo de nuevas generaciones de agentes anti­fúngicos naturales. Con el objetivo de buscar com­puestos antifúngicos en extractos de plantas, noso­tros implementamos un simple y sensible ensayo para detectar inhibidores de endo-1,3-β-glucanasafúngica en extractos crudos de plantas. El ensayo es especialmente útil para evaluar un gran número de extractos crudos de plantas, está basado en la difusión radial de la enzima glucanasa incluida en pozos realizados en un gel de agarosa, el cual con­tiene el sustrato de la enzima (laminarina). Confor­me el sustrato es depolimerizado en el gel por ac­ción de la enzima, la cual difunde de forma radial, dejando unas zonas circulares alrededor de los po­zos, las cuales no son teñidas por el colorante cal­coflúor. La relación lineal entre el diámetro de la zona hidrolizada y las concentraciones de enzima pura, es la base del método. Se discuten resultados de la utilización del ensayo con extractos de plantas obtenidos con metanol o diclorometano. </p>
Extracción y purificación de dsRNAs largos de plantas infectadas con virus y hongos; aplicación en la detección e identificación de virus
Authors: Valverde Rodrigo , De La Torre-Almaraz Rodolfo 
Published: April 2017

<p class="Pa4">Se utilizan varios métodos para rea­lizar la extracción y purificación de ARN de doble cadena (dsRNA) largo de plantas y hongos. Los protocolos más utilizados consisten en la extrac­ción de fenol y la unión selectiva de dsRNA a la ce­lulosa. Los dsRNAs virales purificados de plantas y hongos se han analizado por electroforesis con gel y se han utilizado como herramienta complementa­ria para identificar virus. Asimismo, los dsRNAs se han utilizado como reactivos en PCR de transcrip­tasa reversa, clonación molecular, preparación de sondas y secuenciación de virus ARN. Se han des­cubierto muchos virus ARN y moléculas subvirales que infectan plantas y hongos utilizando protocolos de extracción de dsRNA. Las recientes mejoras a los métodos de extracción de dsRNA han aumenta­do la eficiencia y la rentabilidad. Se ha comprobado que el dsRNA viral se puede utilizar como reactivo inicial para la secuenciación de próxima genera­ción de genomas virales. </p>
Risk of Periodontal Disease in Patients With Asthma: A Nationwide Population‐Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shen Te‐Chun , Chang Pei‐Ying , Lin Cheng‐Li , Wei Chang‐Ching , Tu Chih‐Yen , Hsia Te‐Chun , Shih Chuen‐Ming , Hsu Wu‐Huei , Sung Fung‐Chang , Kao Chia‐Hung 
Published: April 2017

Background: Studies have reported an association between asthma and oral diseases, including periodontal diseases. The aim of this retrospective study is to investigate risk of periodontal diseases for patients with asthma.Methods: Using the claims data of National Health Insurance of Taiwan and patients without a history of periodontal diseases, 19,206 asthmatic patients, who were newly diagnosed from 2000 through 2010, were identified. For each case, four comparison individuals without history of asthma and periodontal disease were randomly selected from the general population and frequency matched (categorical matched) by sex, age, and year of diagnosis (n = 76,824). Both cohorts were followed to the end of 2011 to monitor occurrence of periodontal diseases. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of periodontal disease were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.Results: Overall incidence of periodontal diseases was 1.18‐fold greater in the asthma cohort than in the comparison cohort (P <0.001). Patients with at least three emergency visits annually had an aHR of 55.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 50.6 to 61.7) for periodontal diseases compared with those with a mean of less than one visit. Patients with at least three admissions annually also had a similar aHR (51.8) for periodontal disease. In addition, asthmatic patients on inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy had greater aHRs than non‐users (aHR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.23).Conclusions: In the studied population, asthmatic patients are at an elevated risk of developing periodontal diseases. The risk is much greater for those with emergency medical demands or hospital admissions and those on ICS treatment.
Common Polymorphisms in IFI16 and AIM2 Genes Are Associated With Periodontal Disease
Authors: Marchesan Julie T. , Jiao Yizu , Moss Kevin , Divaris Kimon , Seaman William , Webster‐Cyriaque Jennifer , Zhang Shaoping , Yu Ning , Song Catharine , Bencharit Sompop , Teles Ricardo , Offenbacher Steven 
Published: April 2017

Background: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) context of a previously identified periodontitis‐associated locus is investigated, and its association with microbial, biologic, and periodontal disease clinical parameters is examined.Methods: A 200‐kb spanning region of 1q12 previously highlighted in a genome‐wide association scan among 4,766 European American individuals (SNP rs1633266) was annotated. Two haplotype blocks were selected. Association of these polymorphisms with data on microbial plaque composition, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)–interleukin (IL)‐1β levels, and clinical parameters of periodontal disease were examined. Descriptive analysis of IFI16 and AIM2 protein expression in gingival tissues from healthy individuals (n = 2) and individuals with chronic periodontitis (n = 2) was done via immunohistochemistry.Results: The highlighted locus is a 100‐kb region containing the interferon γ‐inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) genes. Two haplotype blocks, rs6940 and rs1057028, were significantly associated with increased extent bleeding on probing and levels of microorganisms Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Campylobacter rectus (P ≤0.05). Haplotype block rs1057028 was also significantly associated with pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, increased GCF–IL‐1β levels, and extent of probing depth ≥4 mm (P ≤0.05). Prevalence of severe periodontitis (biofilm‐gingival interface P3 classification) was positively associated with haplotype block rs1057028. Similar trends were observed for haplotype block rs1057028. IFI16 and AIM2 protein expression was observed in multiple cell types of gingival tissues, including inflammatory cells.Conclusion: This study found IFI16 and AIM2 SNPs associated with higher levels of periodontal microorganisms and an increased percentage of periodontal disease clinical parameters, suggesting the need for functional studies and additional fine‐mapping of variants in the 1q12‐locus.