bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The residue of modernity
Authors: Bubb Alexander 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This chapter concerns the British presence in India, as represented in the form of broken or obsolete technology. It examines three writers—Rudyard Kipling, Flora Annie Steel, and Edmund Candler, with additional reference to Jules Verne and Rabindranath Tagore—and their use of a certain literary trope. All three make use of episodes in which modern inventions are introduced to, and find a tenuous niche within, discrepant Indian settings. They stage the appearance of foreign products as anachronism—the trappings of the European future displaced into the Asian past. This pattern raises two questions: why are the three writers often drawn not to the railway and telegraph, but to everyday manufactures like the bicycle, sewing machine, and gramophone? And why do these objects frequently appear misplaced, discarded, or left to rust? Rather than underlining Britain’s superiority, its residue is used to critique and cast doubt on the imperial project.
History of Neuropsychology in the Netherlands
Authors: Eling Paul 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The history of the development of neuropsychology in The Netherlands is described. First some early descriptions of the effects of brain lesions on behavior are mentioned. Subsequently the remarkable lack of interest in neuropsychology in the 19th century is described, contrasting with the important changes in France, Germany, and England. Neuropsychology began to blossom in the second half of the 20th century. In the early 1980s neuropsychology courses were developed and a series of textbooks was published. In the 1990s chairs for neuropsychology were founded at most universities. A separate organization for professionals was created, as well as a curriculum for becoming a specialized professional neuropsychologist.
What’s in a Name? Health Care Providers’ Perceptions of Pediatric Pain Patients Based on Diagnostic Labels
Authors: Betsch Taylor A. , Gorodzinsky Ayala Y. , Finley G.A. , Sangster Michael , Chorney Jill 
Published: December 2016

Objectives:
Diagnostic labels can help patients better understand their symptoms and can influence providers’ treatment planning and patient interactions. Recurrent pain is common in childhood; however, there are various diagnostic labels used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of diagnostic labels on pediatric health care providers’ perceptions of pediatric chronic pain patients.

Materials and Methods:
Using an online survey, providers were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 vignette conditions (differing only in diagnostic label provided) and completed questionnaires about their perceptions of the vignette patient.

Results:
Responses from 58 participants were analyzed. The 2 groups, based on diagnostic conditions used (fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain) did not differ significantly on general demographics and health care providers’ perceptions of the patient. Perceived origin of the pain influenced providers’ perceptions; pain of a perceived medical origin was negatively correlated with stigmatization and positively correlated with sympathy. Perceived psychological origin was positively correlated with stigmatization and providers’ age.

Discussion:
Health care providers’ perceptions of children’s pain are more likely influenced by the presumed etiology rather than the diagnostic label used. Pain believed to be more medically based was associated with more positive reactions from providers (ie, less stigmatization). Older providers in particular perceived the patient more negatively if they believe the pain to be psychologically based. The findings of this pediatric study replicated findings from adult literature on chronic pain, suggesting that children and adults are subject to negative perceptions from health care providers when the providers believe the pain to be psychological in origin.
The Changes in Pulse Pressure Variation or Stroke Volume Variation After a “Tidal Volume Challenge” Reliably Predict Fluid Responsiveness During Low Tidal Volume Ventilation*
Authors: Myatra Sheila Nainan , Prabu Natesh R , Divatia Jigeeshu Vasishtha , Monnet Xavier , Kulkarni Atul Prabhakar , Teboul Jean-Louis 
Published: December 2016

Objectives:
Stroke volume variation and pulse pressure variation do not reliably predict fluid responsiveness during low tidal volume ventilation. We hypothesized that with transient increase in tidal volume from 6 to 8 mL/kg predicted body weight, that is, “tidal volume challenge,” the changes in pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation will predict fluid responsiveness.

Design:
Prospective, single-arm study.

Setting:
Medical-surgical ICU in a university hospital.

Patients:
Adult patients with acute circulatory failure, having continuous cardiac output monitoring, and receiving controlled low tidal volume ventilation.

Interventions:
The pulse pressure variation, stroke volume variation, and cardiac index were recorded at tidal volume 6 mL/kg predicted body weight and 1 minute after the “tidal volume challenge.” The tidal volume was reduced back to 6 mL/kg predicted body weight, and a fluid bolus was given to identify fluid responders (increase in cardiac index > 15%). The end-expiratory occlusion test was performed at tidal volumes 6 and 8 mL/kg predicted body weight and after reducing tidal volume back to 6 mL/kg predicted body weight.

Results:
Thirty measurements were obtained in 20 patients. The absolute change in pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation after increasing tidal volume from 6 to 8 mL/kg predicted body weight predicted fluid responsiveness with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (with 95% CIs) being 0.99 (0.98–1.00) and 0.97 (0.92–1.00), respectively. The best cutoff values of the absolute change in pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation after increasing tidal volume from 6 to 8 mL/kg predicted body weight were 3.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The pulse pressure variation, stroke volume variation, central venous pressure, and end-expiratory occlusion test obtained during tidal volume 6 mL/kg predicted body weight did not predict fluid responsiveness.

Conclusions:
The changes in pulse pressure variation or stroke volume variation obtained by transiently increasing tidal volume (tidal volume challenge) are superior to pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation in predicting fluid responsiveness during low tidal volume ventilation.
Repurposing ospemifene for potentiating an antigen-specific immune response
Authors: Kao Chiao-Jung , Wurz Gregory T. , Lin Yi-Chen , Vang Daniel P. , Phong Brian , DeGregorio Michael W. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objective:
Ospemifene, an estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist approved for the treatment of dyspareunia and vaginal dryness in postmenopausal women, has potential new indications as an immune modulator. The overall objective of the present series of preclinical studies was to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of ospemifene in combination with a peptide cancer vaccine.

Methods:
Immune regulating effects, mechanism of action and structure activity relationships of ospemifene and related compounds were evaluated by examining expression of T-cell activating cytokines in vitro, and antigen-specific immune response and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in vivo. The effects of ospemifene (OSP) on the immune response to a peptide cancer vaccine (PV) were evaluated after chronic [control (n = 22); OSP 50 mg/kg (n = 16); PV (n = 6); OSP+PV (n = 11)], intermittent [control (n = 10); OSP 10 and 50 mg/kg (n = 11); PV (n = 11); combination treatment (n = 11 each dose)] and pretreatment [control; OSP 100 mg/kg; PV 100 μg; combination treatment (n = 8 all groups)] ospemifene oral dosing schedules in a total of 317 mixed-sex tumor-bearing and nontumor-bearing mice.

Results:
The results showed that ospemifene induced expression of the key TH1 cytokines interferon gamma and interleukin-2 in vitro, which may be mediated by stimulating T-cells through phosphoinositide 3-kinase and calmodulin signaling pathways. In combination with an antigen-specific peptide cancer vaccine, ospemifene increased antigen-specific immune response and increased cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in tumor-bearing and nontumor-bearing mice. The pretreatment, intermittent, and chronic dosing schedules of ospemifene activate naive T-cells, modulate antigen-induced tolerance and reduce tumor-associated, pro-inflammatory cytokines, respectively.

Conclusions:
Taken together, ospemifene's dose response and schedule-dependent immune modulating activity offers a method of tailoring and augmenting the efficacy of previously failed antigen-specific cancer vaccines for a wide range of malignancies.
The REJOICE trial: a phase 3 randomized, controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of a novel vaginal estradiol soft-gel capsule for symptomatic vulvar and vaginal atrophy
Authors: Constantine Ginger D. , Simon James A. , Pickar James H. , Archer David F. , Kushner Harvey , Bernick Brian , Gasper Gina , Graham Shelli , Mirkin Sebastian 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of TX-004HR vaginal estradiol soft-gel capsules for moderate-to-severe dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy.

Methods:
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study, postmenopausal women with a self-identified most bothersome symptom of dyspareunia received 4, 10, or 25 μg TX-004HR or placebo for 12 weeks. Four co-primary efficacy endpoints were change from baseline to week 12 in percentages of superficial and parabasal cells, vaginal pH, and severity of dyspareunia. Secondary endpoints included severity of vaginal dryness and vulvar and/or vaginal itching or irritation. Endometrial histology and adverse events (AEs) were included in the safety endpoints.

Results:
In all, 764 women were randomized (modified intent-to-treat population, n = 747; mean age 59 y). Compared with placebo, all three doses of TX-004HR significantly improved the four co-primary endpoints (P < 0.0001 for all, except dyspareunia with 4 μg, P = 0.0149). Changes in cytology, pH, and dyspareunia were also significant at weeks 2, 6, and 8. Vaginal dryness and vaginal itching/irritation improved. Sex hormone binding globulin concentrations did not change with treatment. TX-004HR was well-tolerated, with no clinically meaningful differences in treatment-emergent AEs versus placebo, and no treatment-related serious AEs or deaths.

Conclusions:
TX-004HR (4, 10, and 25 μg) was safe, well-tolerated, and effective for treating moderate-to-severe dyspareunia within 2 weeks with minimal systemic estrogen exposure. This novel product may be a potential new treatment option for women experiencing postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy.
Minimally Invasive Fundoplication is Safe and Effective in Patients with Severe Esophageal Hypomotility
Authors: Goldberg Michael B. , Abbas Abbas El-Sayed , Smith Michael S. , Parkman Henry P. , Schey Ron , Dempsey Daniel T. 
Published: December 2016

Objective Fundoplication is used to treat refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A subset of patients has coexisting esophageal dysmotility, including aperistalsis or hypoperistalsis. These patients may be at increased risk of dysphagia after fundoplication. To evaluate the outcomes of minimally invasive fundoplication (MIF) in patients with GERD and esophageal hypomotility. Methods Retrospective review of all patients who underwent MIF and had severe esophageal hypomotility from January 2003 to June 2013. Patients underwent both pH testing and high-resolution esophageal manometry before surgery, in addition to symptom assessment before and after surgery. Severe esophageal hypomotility was defined as mean distal amplitude of contraction of less than 30 mm Hg and liquid bolus clearance of less than 50%. Results Thirty-four patients with GERD and esophageal hypomotility were included. By manometry, 38% had scleroderma-like esophagus and the other 62% had ineffective peristalsis. Ten patients (29%) had systemic scleroderma. Fundoplications performed (34 laparoscopically and 4 robotically) included Toupet (30), Dor (2), and Nissen (2). All patients tolerated oral feeding at a median of 1 day. One patient required surgical revision at 4 months postoperatively. Mean follow-up was 36 weeks, at which time 41% were asymptomatic and 56% had reduced symptoms. Persistent dysphagia was noted in four patients (11.7%) and was successfully treated with endoscopic dilation. Conclusions Minimally invasive fundoplication is both safe and effective in treating patients with severe GERD and concomitant esophageal hypomotility. Those with postoperative dysphagia are successfully managed by endoscopic treatments.
Impact of Medicare’s Nonpayment Program on Hospital-acquired Conditions
Authors: Thirukumaran Caroline P. , Glance Laurent G. , Temkin-Greener Helena , Rosenthal Meredith B. , Li Yue 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Medicare’s Nonpayment Program of 2008 (hereafter called Program) withholds hospital reimbursement for costs related to hospital-acquired conditions (HACs). Little is known whether a hospital’s Medicare patient load [quantified by the hospital’s Medicare utilization ratio (MUR), which is the proportion of inpatient days financed by Medicare] influences its response to the Program.

Objective:
To determine whether the Program was associated with changes in HAC incidence, and whether this association varies across hospitals with differential Medicare patient load.

Research Design:
Quasi-experimental study using difference-in-differences estimation. Incidence of HACs before and after Program implementation was compared across hospital MUR quartiles.

Subjects:
A total of 867,584 elderly Medicare stays for acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, pneumonia, and stroke that were discharged from 159 New York State hospitals from 2005 to 2012.

Measures:
For descriptive analysis, hospital-level mean HAC rates by month, MUR quartile, and Program phase are reported. For multivariate analysis, primary outcome is incidence of the any-or-none indicator for occurrence of at least 1 of 6 HACs. Secondary outcomes are the incidence of each HAC.

Results:
The Program was associated with decline in incidence of (i) any-or-none indicator among MUR quartile 2 hospitals (conditional odds ratio=0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.38–0.87), and (ii) catheter-associated urinary tract infections among MUR quartile 3 hospitals (conditional odds ratio=0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.12–0.75) as compared with MUR quartile 1 hospitals. Significant declines in certain HACs were noted in the stratified analysis.

Conclusions:
The Program was associated with decline in incidence of selected HACs, and this decline was variably greater among hospitals with higher MUR.
Apolipoprotein E metabolism and functions in brain and its role in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liao Fan , Yoon Hyejin , Kim Jungsu 
Published: December 2016

Purpose of review
APOE4 genotype is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Prevailing evidence suggests that amyloid β plays a critical role in Alzheimer's disease. The objective of this article is to review the recent findings about the metabolism of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and amyloid β and other possible mechanisms by which ApoE contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Recent findings
ApoE isoforms have differential effects on amyloid β metabolism. Recent studies demonstrated that ApoE-interacting proteins, such as ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) and LDL receptor, may be promising therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Activation of liver X receptor and retinoid X receptor pathway induces ABCA1 and other genes, leading to amyloid β clearance. Inhibition of the negative regulators of ABCA1, such as microRNA-33, also induces ABCA1 and decreases the levels of ApoE and amyloid β. In addition, genetic inactivation of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein, increases LDL receptor levels and inhibits amyloid accumulation. Although amyloid β-dependent pathways have been extensively investigated, there have been several recent studies linking ApoE with vascular function, neuroinflammation, metabolism, synaptic plasticity, and transcriptional regulation. For example, ApoE was identified as a ligand for a microglial receptor, TREM2, and studies suggested that ApoE may affect the TREM2-mediated microglial phagocytosis.

Summary
Emerging data suggest that ApoE affects several amyloid β-independent pathways. These underexplored pathways may provide new insights into Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. However, it will be important to determine to what extent each mechanism contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Fear of Recurrence as a Predictor of Care Needs for Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Fang Su-Ying , Fetzer Susan Jane , Lee Kuo-Ting , Kuo Yao-Lung 
Published: December 2016

Background:
The improved survival rate for breast cancer has increased the number of women living with the diagnosis for more than 5 years. Limited studies have focused on the care needs for long-term healthy survivors of breast cancer.

Objective:
The aims of this study were to understand the care needs of long-term breast cancer survivors and identify related factors that influence these needs.

Methods:
A convenience sampling with a correlational study design was used. Women at least 20 years old, who were given a diagnosis of breast cancer at least 5 years, were recruited from 2 hospital clinics in southern Taiwan. A self-administered questionnaire measuring cancer survivors’ unmet needs was administered after obtaining informed consent. Binary logistic regression was used to examine variables associated with unmet care needs.

Results:
Of the 192 women participating, the highest unmet needs related to existential survivorship. The most frequently endorsed unmet need was for an ongoing case manager. Fear of recurrence was associated with 3 aspects including existential survivorship, comprehensive cancer, and quality-of-life unmet needs (odds ratio, 1.14–1.21).

Conclusions:
Even 5 years after the diagnosis and completion of therapy, women continue to report unmet needs. Evaluating women’s fear of recurrence to identify high-risk women with unmet needs is critical to providing quality care.

Implication for Practice:
Developing appropriate survivorship care programs combined with managing concerns regarding recurrence by a nursing case manager is needed.
Communication About Maternal Breast Cancer With Children
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , O’Connor Margaret , Hu Yan , Gao Hongyun , Lee Susan 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Communication with children is a major concern for mothers with breast cancer. Chinese people have specific understanding of cancer and death, which may affect their way of communication.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to explore how Chinese mothers with breast cancer communicate about their illness with their children.

Methods:
An interpretive description study was conducted. Forty mothers with nonterminal breast cancer in mainland China were interviewed individually. The data were analyzed using 3 steps of coding: free coding, descriptive coding, and interpretive coding.

Results:
Four themes were identified: breaking the news, explaining to children, disclosing versus concealing, and information needs. Most Chinese mothers disclosed their diagnosis of breast cancer to their children mainly because it was impossible to conceal the truth. They explained illness in a factual manner; however, they tended to allow children to observe their physical changes and overhear conversations between adults. This was because they did not know how to communicate appropriately with their children, and they preferred to allow children to understand the event in a natural way.

Conclusions:
The communication about maternal breast cancer between mothers and children was influenced by traditional culture. Quantitative studies with large sample sizes should be conducted to compare the opinions of mothers of different characteristics and to investigate the factors predicting communication.

Implications for Practice:
Resources should be developed to help mothers with breast cancer communicate appropriately with their children about their illness. Healthcare professionals, especially nurses, need education to provide consultation services to these mothers and children.
A Sleep Hygiene and Relaxation Intervention for Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Zupanec Sue , Jones Heather , McRae Lyndsey , Papaconstantinou Efrosini , Weston Julie , Stremler Robyn 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Sleep disturbance and fatigue are common and distressing pediatric cancer-related outcomes. Sleep hygiene education and relaxation techniques are recommended to improve sleep in healthy children and adult cancer survivors. No studies have tested these interventions to improve sleep and fatigue for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the home setting.

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to establish the feasibility and acceptability of a sleep hygiene and relaxation intervention to improve sleep and fatigue for children receiving maintenance chemotherapy for ALL. The child's fatigue and sleep data were collected to inform sample size calculations for a future trial.

Methods:
In this pilot randomized controlled trial, 20 children were allocated randomly to the sleep intervention or control group. The sleep intervention group received a 60-minute educational session to discuss sleep and fatigue in children with cancer and strategies to improve sleep, including use of 2 storybooks to teach deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation. Objective sleep data were collected using actigraphy and fatigue was measured using the Childhood Cancer Fatigue Scale.

Results:
The intervention was acceptable to families, and feasibility of the intervention and data collection was clearly established. Although not statistically significant, increases in mean nighttime sleep and decreases in mean wake time after sleep onset in the sleep intervention group represented clinically important improvements.

Conclusions:
This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of a sleep hygiene and relaxation intervention for children undergoing maintenance chemotherapy for ALL.

Implications for practice:
Given the clinically important improvements in sleep observed, replication in a larger, adequately powered randomized controlled trial is merited.
Stability and Change in Personality Disorder Symptoms in 1-Year Follow-up of Depressed Adolescent Outpatients
Authors: Strandholm Thea , Kiviruusu Olli , Karlsson Linnea , Pankakoski Maiju , Pelkonen Mirjami , Marttunen Mauri 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We investigated stability and change in personality disorder (PD) symptoms and whether depression severity, comorbid clinical psychiatric disorders, and social support predict changes in personality pathology among adolescent outpatients. The 1-year outcome of PD symptoms among consecutive adolescent psychiatric outpatients with depressive disorders (N = 189) was investigated with symptom count of depression, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and perceived social support as predictors. An overall decrease in PD symptoms in most PD categories was observed. Decreases in depression severity and in number of comorbid diagnoses correlated positively with decreases in PD symptoms of most PD categories. Social support from close friends predicted a decrease in schizotypal and narcissistic, whereas support from family predicted a decrease in paranoid symptoms. Our results suggest that among depressed adolescent outpatients, PD symptoms are relatively unstable, changes co-occuring with changes/improvement in overall psychopathology. Social support seems a possibly effective point for intervention efforts regarding positive outcome of PD symptoms.