bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of polyelectrolyte based on bottle brush Polyethylene glycol‐Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) copolymers
Authors: Norouzi Negin , Tehrani Ashkan , Naderkhani Neda , Pourmahdian Saeed , Zahedi Farzad , Mokhtari Zahra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe increased demand for high energy‐density batteries led to using lithium metal (Li) anode. However, safety issues associated with Li anode encouraged the researchers to use less reactive and safer electrolytes with higher electrochemical stability. High ionic conductivity (σ), wider electrochemical stability window, and higher mechanical strength alongside the ability to self‐heal possible structural damages were at the center of focus for developing efficient solid electrolytes. In this regard, we developed a group of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with high σ and electrochemical stability. In this regard, bottle brush polyethylene glycol (bbPEG) was synthesized using a chain transfer reaction. Polynipaam (PNIPAAM) blocks were also incorporated into the structure to prepare a block copolymer based on PNIPAM‐bbPEG‐PNIMAM represented by the ABA structure. The block copolymer was then blended with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with the block copolymer to PVDF weight ratio of 7:2% and 25% bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide (TFSI) salt was added and the final mixture was UV‐cured. The results indicated that the final SPE possessed high ionic conductivity with a relatively high lithium‐ion transference number () of 0.416 and the σ of 1.265 × 10−5 S/cm at 25°C.
Microhardness and wear behavior of nanodiamond‐reinforced nanocomposites for dental applications
Authors: Moriche Rocío , Artigas‐Arnaudas Joaquín , Chetwani Bhanu , Sánchez María , Campo Mónica , Prolongo Margarita G. , Rams Joaquín , Prolongo Silvia G. , Ureña Alejandro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn polymer‐based dental composites, wear is a three‐body wear system mainly abrasive, because of the food particles and wear products suspended in the oral cavity, which are transferred to the microcavities of the surface of the replacements. Due to this fact, the incorporation of nanodiamond as reinforcement in these polymer–matrix composites, which promotes the creation of a solid lubricant tribofilm surface could be advantageous. With the reinforcement of nanodiamonds, BisGMA/TEGDMA‐based composites increase their microhardness by 95%–420%. A maximum hardness exceeding 65 HV is achieved with a reinforcement of 3.2 wt%. The specific wear rate of neat BisGMA/TEGDMA is near 10−4 mm3/Nm and the Archard's coefficient is 2.6 × 105. The incorporation of a content of 1.6 wt% ND is enough to cause a diminution of ~78% in the friction coefficient and a reduction of the specific wear rate and Archard's coefficient of ~50%. Nevertheless, the addition of relatively high contents reduces the effectiveness of photoinitiation and photocuring, which is related to the scattering and absorption of light radiation by ND. This causes a significant decline in elastic properties starting at 50 μm from the surface.Highlights
Photocuring polymer resin was successfully reinforced with nanodiamonds.
Microhardness increases from 95% up to 420%, close to commercial composites.
Friction coefficient and wear rate are reduced with 1.6 wt% nanodiamonds.
High levels of reinforcement reduce the effectiveness of photocuring.
Contribution of Genomic Imbalance in Prenatal Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: A Multi‐Center Cohort Study
Authors: Li Keying , Wang Huilin , Chau Matthew Hoi Kin , Dong Zirui , Cao Ye , Zheng Yu , Leung Tak Yeung , Choy Kwong Wai , Zhu Yuanfang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the diagnostic utility of copy‐number variant (CNV) detection by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and genotype‐phenotype associations in prenatal congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT).MethodsThis is a retrospective multi‐center study of CNV analysis in 457 fetuses with ultrasound‐detected CAKUT and normal karyotypes. Cohorts from published studies were included for further pooled analyses (N = 2746). A literature review of single‐nucleotide variant (SNV) and small insertions and deletions (Indel) analysis by whole‐exome sequencing was performed to investigate monogenic causes.ResultsIn our multi‐center cohort, 5.3% (24/457) of fetuses had pathogenic CNVs (pCNV); 3.9% (14/359) and 10.2% (10/98) in isolated and non‐isolated CAKUT, respectively. Fetuses with isolated hyperechogenic kidneys (HEK) had the highest incidence of having pCNVs. In the literature review, 6.6% (180/2746) of fetuses carried pCNVs; 6.1% and 7.5% in isolated and non‐isolated CAKUT, respectively. SNV/Indel analysis provided at least 16.5% (63/381) additional diagnostic yield beyond CNV analysis; 12.8% and 23.8% in isolated and non‐isolated CAKUT, respectively.ConclusionpCNVs comprise a significant proportion of genetic diagnostic findings in prenatal CAKUT, most commonly detected in fetuses with isolated HEK, MCDK, renal agenesis, and non‐isolated CAKUT. Monogenic causes should be considered when karyotyping and CMA are nondiagnostic.
Synthesis of a poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) composite with bioactive additives in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Khudaida Salal Hasan , Cai Xiang‐Wei , Chen Pei‐Hua , Su Chie‐Shaan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, a composite of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) with two bioactive additives, beta‐tricalcium phosphate and calcium sulfate dihydrate, was synthesized through precipitation polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide using 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionitrile) as a free‐radical initiator. The feasible reaction temperature and pressure were screened, and the effects of monomer weight and initiator‐to‐monomer ratio are discussed. With the appropriate condition for synthesizing PHEMA with a satisfactory yield higher than 95%, two bioactive additives were introduced into the reaction medium for designing the composite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, powder X‐ray diffractometry, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis were employed to analyze the spectroscopic properties, surface morphology, crystal structure, element distribution, and thermal properties of the PHEMA composite. These results confirm the successful preparation of a PHEMA composite and demonstrate an approach to synthesizing a biocompatible composite using a one‐step and organic solvent‐free process.Highlights
A poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) composite with beta‐tricalcium phosphate and calcium sulfate dihydrate was designed in supercritical CO2.
A feasible condition was screened with a satisfactory yield higher than 95%.
Rough surfaces in composite particles offer potential for biomedical use.
Forced trends and internal variability in climate change projections of extreme European windstorm frequency and severity
Authors: Priestley Matthew D. K. , Stephenson David B. , Scaife Adam A. , Bannister Daniel , Allen Christopher J. T. , Wilkie David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClimate change projections of European windstorm damages are highly uncertain because of different climate model responses and large internal variability. This study uses generalized linear models and a weighted median estimation to optimally extract forced trends in a number of European windstorm metrics. Footprints of windstorms associated with extratropical cyclones are created for an ensemble of models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) across a full transient time series from 1980 to 2100. Trends are assessed over time, but also as a function of global mean surface temperature changes. Trends in aggregate severity are attributed to changes in storm average severity, frequency, and area impacted, with changes in area being the dominant driver of changes to average storm severity. Confidence in the findings is assessed, with high confidence of declines in frequency for southern and northern Europe, medium confidence of an increase in average windstorm severity for parts of northwestern Europe, and low confidence of any changes for eastern Europe. A 15‐member ensemble of the MPI‐ESM1‐2‐LR model is used to assess internal variability. Trends between individual members can vary significantly; however, the uncertainty due to internal variability in the 15‐member ensemble is generally only 50% of that in the multimodel ensemble of CMIP6 models for aggregate severity. With largest uncertainty coming from model differences, a large proportion of uncertainty in future windstorms is therefore potentially reducible with modelling advances.
In‐Pipe Maintenance Robot Using Spray‐In‐Place Pipe Technique for Long‐Distance and Complex Pipe Environment
Authors: Chan Colin Pak Yu , Qu Zijia , Shiu Kin Hei , So Chun Ho , Koh Keng Huat , Farhan Musthafa , Ho Chun Yiu , Wong Tsz Hei , Lai King Wai Chiu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTConventional pipe rehabilitation technologies are not the most sustainable solution for the utility industry because of various drawbacks, such as time consumption, disturbance to operations, society, and traffic, and the production of waste material. However, aged underground metal pipes are affected by natural forces. Trenchless rehabilitation technologies have been introduced for the treatment and renovation of aged pipes to ensure that utilities are safe and durable from an economic perspective. This paper proposes a portable and automatic robotic solution for a trenchless spray‐in‐place pipe approach for small underground pipelines. This approach shortens the duration of the rehabilitation operation from approximately a week to < 5 h. The robot delivered and monitored a protective well‐mixed urethane coating with plural components accurately using rotary mixing and spraying with a low‐pressure and safer configuration (< 0.8 MPa). The robot exhibited superior capacities in complicated pipe environments for turning into 90° elbows and 6‐in. (150 mm), 8‐in. (200 mm), and 10‐in. (250 mm) pipelines. An automated robot was deployed and rehabilitated at various underground and on‐ground pipe sites. The spray performance was validated using tensile tests. This robot can be applied to any pipeline system and can be developed for other in‐pipe robotic construction and renovation approaches.
Pairwise Accelerated Failure Time Regression Models for Infectious Disease Transmission in Close‐Contact Groups With External Sources of Infection
Authors: Sharker Yushuf , Diallo Zaynab , KhudaBukhsh Wasiur R. , Kenah Eben 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMany important questions in infectious disease epidemiology involve associations between covariates (e.g., age or vaccination status) and infectiousness or susceptibility. Because disease transmission produces dependent outcomes, these questions are difficult or impossible to address using standard regression models from biostatistics. Pairwise survival analysis handles dependent outcomes by calculating likelihoods in terms of contact interval distributions in ordered pairs of individuals. The contact interval in the ordered pair is the time from the onset of infectiousness in to infectious contact from to, where an infectious contact is sufficient to infect if they are susceptible. Here, we introduce a pairwise accelerated failure time regression model for infectious disease transmission that allows the rate parameter of the contact interval distribution to depend on individual‐level infectiousness covariates for, individual‐level susceptibility covariates for, and pair‐level covariates (e.g., type of relationship). This model can simultaneously handle internal infections (caused by transmission between individuals under observation) and external infections (caused by environmental or community sources of infection). We show that this model produces consistent and asymptotically normal parameter estimates. In a simulation study, we evaluate bias and confidence interval coverage probabilities, explore the role of epidemiologic study design, and investigate the effects of model misspecification. We use this regression model to analyze household data from Los Angeles County during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, where we find that the ability to account for external sources of infection increases the statistical power to estimate the effect of antiviral prophylaxis.
Risk Factors for Actinic Keratosis, Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer and Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in Persons with and Without Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Azizi Esther , Feuerman Hana , Peleg Idit , Pavlotsky Felix , Segal Zvi , Oberman Bernice , Lev Nirit , Hodak Emmilia , Djaldetti Ruth , Hassin-Baer Sharon , Inzelberg Rivka 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
An epidemiological link between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) has been widely reported. The role of CMM risk factors in this association is unclear.

Objectives
To compare rates of risk factors for skin tumours, specifically actinic keratosis (AK), non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and CMM, between persons with and without PD.

Methods
In this cross-sectional observational study, patients attending tertiary PD clinics and community controls were interviewed for background/medical data and underwent dermatological examination. Logistic regression models assessed risk factors for skin tumours and their interactions with PD status.

Results
Included were 141 persons with PD and 155 controls; mean age 71.7 and 72.6 years, respectively. In both groups, the majority were males of Ashkenazi origin. Altogether, AK, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and CMM were recorded in 76 (53.9%) persons with PD and 92 (59.3%) controls (NS). CMM prevalence predominated in PD patients. In the PD group, prolonged sun exposure (p = 0.007), freckles (p &lt; 0.001) and solar lentigines (p = 0.008) were associated with skin tumours. In the control group, dysplastic atypical moles were negatively associated with skin tumours (p = 0.017). Logistic regression of the whole cohort showed that older age (p &lt; 0.001), fair complexion (p = 0.04) and prolonged sun exposure (p = 0.01) were associated with skin tumours, but PD status was not independently associated, and no interactions were found between PD status and CMM risk factors.

Conclusions
Periodic dermatological screening of PD populations is mandatory, especially for carriers of major phenotypic risk factors or presenting with AK, NMSC or CMM.
Self‐Oxidated Hybrid Conductive Network Enables Efficient Electrochemical Lithium Extraction Under High‐Altitude Environment
Authors: Wan Zhixin , Liu Ziqi , Xiao Yiyang , Ruan Qinqin , Wang Qian , Zhang Haitao , Yao Meng , Zhang Yun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical deintercalation method has been considered as an effective way to address the demand for lithium resources due to its environmental friendliness, high selectivity, and high efficiency. However, the performance of electrochemical lithium extraction is closely dependent on the electrode material and needs to be compatible under plateau environments with high‐altitude and low‐temperature. Herein, an in situ self‐oxidation method is conducted to construct a hybrid conductive network on the surface of LiFePO4 (LFP‐HN). The introduction of a hybrid conductive network enhanced the interfacial electron/lithium‐ion transfer. In addition, structural stability is strengthened through suppressing the intercalation of impurity cations. Consequently, the LFP‐HN delivered extremely high lithium extraction capacity (27.42 mg g−1), low energy consumption (4.91 Wh mol−1), and superior purity (91.05%) in Baqiancuo real brine (4788 m, −10 °C). What's more, LFP‐HN‐based large‐scale prototypes are constructed and operated at Baqiancuo, which is calculated to extract 25 kg Lithium Carbonate Equivalent per cycle (4.55 h, 100 pairs of plates). Based on the excellent performance, the modification strategy developed in this work can be a promising solution for industrial lithium extraction under high‐altitude environment.
Toward the Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries with Improved Overall Performance: Electrolyte with Surface Adsorptive Additive
Authors: Wang Yahui , Zhao Ran , Yang Jingjing , Zou Jiawen , Zhang Anqi , Han Xiaomin , Hu Zhifan , Lv Mengge , Wang Xinran , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) with slightly acidic electrolytes process advantages such as high safety, competitive cost, and satisfactory electrochemical performance. However, the failure behaviors of both electrodes, regarding zinc dendrite growth, interfacial parasitic reactions, and the collapse of cathode materials hinder the practical application of ZIBs. To alleviate the issues of both anode and cathode at the same time, D‐xylose (DX) is introduced to the electrolyte as a multifunctional additive. As a result, the side reaction of the anode is suppressed and the metallic deposition behavior is regulated due to the hydrogen bonding network reconstruction and preferential surface adsorption of DX; for the MnO2 cathode, the DX adsorption can help the interfacial charge transfer and increase the reactive sites. Benefiting from these merits, DX‐optimized Zn//Zn battery displays reveal a prolonged lifespan of 6912 h and an ultra‐high cumulative capacity of 17.28 Ah cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2. With the function of water reactivity suppression, the Coulombic efficiency reaches 99.91% at 2 mA cm−2; the Zn||MnO2 full batteries exhibit excellent cyclability over 2000 cycles at 5C with an increased capacity of 118.9 mAh g−1, indicating the dual functions to both of the electrodes for AZIBs.
Maternal vascular indices and hemodynamic parameters at 36 weeks' gestation in gestational and pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Authors: Szczepkowska A. , Lausegger S. , Papastefanou I. , Nicolaides K. H. , Charakida M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare maternal vascular indices and hemodynamic parameters at 35–37 weeks' gestation in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus (DM) and those without GDM or pre‐existing DM.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study in women with a singleton pregnancy attending for a routine hospital visit at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation. The visit included recording of maternal demographic characteristics and medical history, and measurement of vascular indices and hemodynamic parameters using a non‐invasive operator‐independent device. These included carotid‐to‐femoral pulse‐wave velocity, augmentation index, cardiac output, stroke volume, central systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total peripheral resistance and heart rate. The values in the GDM and pre‐existing DM groups were compared to those in the unaffected group.ResultsWe examined 6746 women, of whom 396 were excluded because they had chronic hypertension or developed pre‐eclampsia or gestational hypertension. The study population of 6350 pregnancies contained 99 (1.6%) with pre‐existing Type‐I or Type‐II DM and 617 (9.7%) that developed GDM, including 261 (42.3%) that were treated with diet alone, 239 (38.7%) treated with metformin alone and 117 (19.0%) treated with insulin with or without metformin. Among women with GDM and those with pre‐existing DM, compared to those without GDM or pre‐existing DM, there was a higher median cardiac output and heart rate, central systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse‐wave velocity, but there was no significant difference in stroke volume or total peripheral resistance. There were no significant differences within the GDM group according to treatment type, except for higher heart rate in women treated with metformin alone compared to the group treated with diet alone.ConclusionWomen with GDM and those with pre‐existing DM have evidence of early vascular disease in the third trimester, and this may contribute to their increased long‐term cardiovascular risk. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Recurrent Feline Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia in a Cat During Gestation
Authors: Maneeganondh Nichanan , Boonbal Nitaya , Kunkitti Panisara 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFeline mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia (FMFH) is an extensive proliferation of feline mammary tissues in response to endogenous or exogenous progestogens. The treatment of choice for FMFH is anti‐progestins or ovariohysterectomy (OVH). OVH if there is no intention of breeding the queen. This report describes a case of recurrent FMFH in an 11‐month‐old female Maine Coon cat. The condition was successfully treated with aglepristone during its first occurrence but recurred during the cat's subsequent gestation. OVH was performed along with aglepristone administration, resulting in complete regression of FMFH 21 days after aglepristone injection. The recurrence of FMFH successful treatment is well described; however, this case illustrates the necessity for further discussion regarding the utilisation of cats previously diagnosed with FMFH for breeding purposes.
Recurrent steroid‐responsive hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in a Maine Coon cat
Authors: Henry Perrine , Culshaw Geoff , Oliveira Maria Ines , Glebocka Magdalena , Johnsen Camilla Tørnqvist 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 5‐year‐old, neutered, female Maine Coon with history of eosinophilic enteritis presented for acute deterioration following placement of a subcutaneous ureteral by‐pass. Physical examination revealed a new 4/6, left, parasternal, systolic heart murmur. Echocardiography diagnosed hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Resolution of the hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy phenotype was observed after 3 months of treatment with corticosteroids (1–2 mg/kg/day) implemented for a concurrent chronic enteropathy. Myocardial thickening and moderate left ventricular outflow tract obstruction recurred after discontinuation of steroids. Again, resolution of the cardiac changes was observed after 1 month of treatment with tapering doses of corticosteroids (0.8–2 mg/kg/day). A second recurrence occurred when steroids were decreased to 0.25 mg/kg/day. Due to adverse effects, the dose was only increased to 0.4 mg/kg/day. During follow‐up over the next 10 months, this treatment regimen resulted in stabilisation of the disease, with echocardiographic changes compatible with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy stage B1 and minimal left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
Large and Parallel Human Sorting Networks
Authors: Szeider Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents two innovative extensions of the classic Human Sorting Network (HSN) activity from the CS Unplugged program. First, we describe the implementation of a large-scale HSN with 50 input nodes, realized with high school students in Vienna, Austria. We detail the logistical challenges and solutions for creating an HSN of this magnitude, including location selection, network layout, and participant coordination. Second, we report on using parallel 6-input HSNs, which introduce a competitive element and enhance engagement. This parallel setup allows for races between teams and can be adapted for various age groups and knowledge levels. Both extensions aim to increase the educational impact and enjoyment of the HSN activity. We provide comprehensive insights into our experiences, enabling other educators and researchers to replicate or further develop these HSN variants.