bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tensor Polynomial Failure Criterion: Coefficient Limits Based on Convexity Requirements
Authors: Bower Mark V. , Koedam Donald H. 
Published: July 2017

The tensor polynomial failure criterion is a widely used tool for predicting failure of unidirectional composite lamina. Typically, the tensor polynomial failure criterion is used in the quadratic form, commonly referred to as the Tsai-Wu failure criterion. Some recent work has presented the cubic form as an alternative to the widely used Tsai-Wu failure criterion. This paper presents limits on the coefficients of the tensor polynomial failure criterion for the quadratic, cubic, and quartic forms based on convexity of the failure surface in the stress domain. The results for the quadratic form of the polynomial include those commonly found in the literature and a further limit that is not normally found due to assumptions on the affect of shear. Further, the limits on the quadratic coefficients are used to prove that the quadratic tensor polynomial failure function is invariant with respect to coordinate system transformation. Results for the cubic tensor polynomial show that, when the entire stress space is considered, the cubic tensor polynomial cannot generate a convex failure surface, and is therefore not an acceptable failure criterion. However, using constraints identified in this paper, it is possible to determine regions in the stress domain where the failure criterion is convex and gives valid results. A further conclusion is that the "hybrid method" of Tennyson, MacDonald, and Nanyaro, used to determine the cubic interaction coefficients, yields results that violate convexity requirements and therefore should not be considered as a valid method. Results for the quartic form of the tensor polynomial failure criterion indicate the cubic terms may be included in the polynomial provided the appropriate quartic terms are present. The derivation of the limits on the coefficients is presented in an appendix and the limits are presented in the body. Illustratory examples of quartic tensor polynomial are presented.
Psychiatric disorders in children with demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system
Authors: Pakpoor Julia , Goldacre Raph , Schmierer Klaus , Giovannoni Gavin , Waubant Emmanuelle , Goldacre Michael J 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: The profile of psychiatric disorders associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) may differ in children. We aimed to assess the risk of psychiatric disorders in children with MS and other demyelinating diseases, and vice versa. Patients and methods: We analyzed linked English Hospital Episode Statistics, and mortality data, 1999–2011. Cohorts were constructed of children admitted with MS and other central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating diseases. We searched for any subsequent episode of care with psychiatric disorders in these cohorts and compared to a reference cohort. Results: Children with CNS demyelinating diseases had an increased rate of psychotic disorders (rate ratio (RR) = 5.77 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.48–11.41)); anxiety, stress-related, and somatoform disorders (RR = 2.38 (1.39–3.81)); intellectual disability (RR = 6.56 (3.66–10.84)); and other behavioral disorders (RR = 8.99 (5.13–14.62)). In analysis of the pediatric MS cohort as the exposure, there were elevated rates of psychotic disorders (RR = 10.76 (2.93–27.63)), mood disorders (RR = 2.57 (1.03–5.31)), and intellectual disability (RR = 6.08 (1.25–17.80)). In reverse analyses, there were elevated rates of a recorded hospital episode with CNS demyelinating disease after a previous recorded episode with anxiety, stress-related, and somatoform disorders; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); autism; intellectual disability; and other behavioral disorders. Conclusion: This analysis of a national diagnostic database provides strong evidence for an association between pediatric CNS demyelinating diseases and psychiatric disorders, and highlights a need for early involvement of mental health professionals.
BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ('Mad Cow Disease')
Authors: Institute of Food Science & Technology (UK)  
Published: July 2017

The issue of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is one of great concern to all members of the Society and we have had many requests for clarification of the scientific issues involved. Conflicting and disturbing claims and statements have been made in the press, confusing the issue. The definitive distillation of what is currently known is contained in the Position Statements produced by the Institute of Food Science & Technology (UK) and they have kindly allowed us to reproduce the most recent one below.
Persistence With Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Dementia in Germany
Authors: Jacob Louis , Adam-Schnepf Leonie , Kostev Karel 
Published: July 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the persistence with oral antihyperglycemic drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with dementia in Germany. Methods: This study included adults with T2DM who were treated with oral antihyperglycemic drugs and were diagnosed with dementia in 1262 German general practices between January 2013 and December 2015 (index date). Dementia cases were matched (1:1) to controls without dementia by age, gender, type of practice, type of residence, physician, and initial antihyperglycemic therapy, using a propensity score method. The primary outcome of the study was the rate of persistence with oral antihyperglycemic drugs in dementia cases and controls without dementia in the year following the index date. Persistence was estimated as therapy time without treatment discontinuation, which was defined as at least 90 days without oral antihyperglycemic therapy. Cox regressions were used to determine the impact of dementia on persistence with oral antihyperglycemic treatment in the entire population and in different subgroups. Results: This study included 848 T2DM patients with dementia and 848 T2DM patients without dementia. In the dementia group, 39.2% of patients were men, while the control group included 40.8% men. After 12 months of follow-up, 72.7% of dementia cases and 71.4% of controls without dementia were persistent ( P = .291). No significant association was found between dementia and persistence with oral antihyperglycemic drugs in the entire population and in different subgroups (HR ranging from 0.84 to 1.25). Conclusions: Dementia did not have a significant impact on persistence with oral antihyperglycemic drugs in T2DM patients in Germany.
Indications for Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Ross James R. , Larson Christopher M. , Bedi Asheesh 
Published: July 2017

Context: Hip arthroscopy is gaining popularity within the field of orthopaedic surgery. The development and innovation of hip-specific arthroscopic instrumentation and improved techniques has resulted in improved access to the hip joint and ability to treat various hip pathologies. Evidence Acquisition: Electronic databases, including PubMed and MEDLINE, were queried for articles relating to hip arthroscopy indications (1930-2017). Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Initially used as a technique for loose body removal, drainage/debridement of septic arthritis, and treatment of pediatric hip disorders, hip arthroscopy is currently used to treat various hip conditions. The recognition of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) as a source of hip pain in young adults has rapidly expanded hip arthroscopy by applying the principles of osseous correction that were previously described and demonstrated via an open surgical dislocation approach. Hip pathologies can be divided into central compartment, peripheral compartment, peritrochanteric space, and subgluteal space disorders. Conclusion: Although hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that may offer decreased morbidity, diminished risk of neurovascular injury, and shorter recovery periods compared with traditional open exposures to the hip, it is important to understand the appropriate patient selection and indications.
Post-osteomyelitic-acquired radial club hand deformity in children treated by centralization of ulna
Authors: Meena Dinesh Kumar 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Radial club hand deformity acquired post haematogenous osteomyelitis of radius bone is a very rare disease. Resulting in functional and cosmetic deficit of upper limb which is similar to congenital cases. For a long-time various surgeons attempted to reconstruct the deformity by bone grafting, plating, Ilizarov, monorail external fixator, callus distraction and so on. Keeping in mind that creating single bone forearm we proposed centralization of ulna on wrist to correct the deformity. Materials and methods: In our institute, we conducted a rare study involving small number of patients ( n = 5), between February 2013 and November 2106. The study participants comprised four male children and one female child whose average age was 1.8 months. Participant inclusion criteria were no active infection, no distal end of radius (cartilage remnant) and only haematogenous osteomyelitis. Exclusion criteria were congenital radial club hand and active infection. Result: Decrease in the angle of radial deviation (radiologically) preoperatively from 54° to 5° and angle of volar flexion from 34° to 4° were measured. Preoperatively no ulnar angulations were observed. Length of ulna remains similar to the opposite side. No neurovascular complication noted and full range of movement regained. Discussion: Our case series is unique in terms of massive bone loss, that is, distal metaphysic and epiphysis, so we followed the statement of Ono et al. and did centralization of ulna over carpus and achieved good functional and cosmetic outcome at the cost of loss of motion at the wrist, concluding that treatment is primarily considered as salvage only.
Evaluation of Pet And Recycled Pet as Replacements for a Petg Packaging Tray
Authors: Griffin Jennifer Clark 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine if a thermoformed packaging part could be made more environmentally friendly. The goal was to replace the material originally qualified for a packaging tray-virgin polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) copolyester-with a material which was then being recycled. The prime replacement material was polyethylene terephthalate (PET), possibly as virgin resin but preferably with a high recycled content, since that would have a more favorable environmental impact. Both virgin and 100% recycled PET were evaluated and compared with the PETG sheet. Important enduse properties for this transparent packaging tray were evaluatedincluding haze, gloss, impact strength, tensile strength and effects of orientation. Package drop testing was conducted to confirm the data from the mechanical property tests. Thermoforming trials demonstrated that both PET and recycled PET could be formed with state of-the-art equipment to provide adequate impact strength and other requirements of the final part.
Educ@dom: comparative study of the telemonitoring of patients with type 2 diabetes versus standard monitoring—study protocol for a randomized controlled study
Authors: Turnin Marie-Christine , Schirr-Bonnans Solène , Martini Jacques , Buisson Jean-Christophe , Taoui Soumia , Chauchard Marie-Christine , Costa Nadège , Lepage Benoît , Molinier Laurent , Hanaire Hélène 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background
The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes is considerable. To avoid or delay its chronic complications, patients with type 2 diabetes should improve blood glucose management by adapting their life style. This involves changing the way in which diabetes is controlled. We believe that, thanks to technological innovations in connected health-monitoring devices, the telemonitoring of type 2 diabetes patients using therapeutic educational tools is likely to help them adapt their treatment and lifestyle habits, and therefore improve blood glucose management.

Methods
This is a multicenter, randomized, controlled, prospective study. The primary objective is to compare the efficacy of telemonitoring to standard monitoring in terms of changes in glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) after a 1 year follow-up period. The secondary objectives are clinical (changes in knowledge, physical activity, weight, etc.) and medical-economic. 282 patients are required (141 patients in each group) to satisfy the primary objective. For patients in the intervention group, the device will be given to them for 1 year and then withdrawn during the second year of follow-up.

Conclusions
The anticipated benefits of this research are an improvement in blood glucose management in patients with type 2 diabetes by improving their lifestyle whilst rationalizing recourse to consultations in order to reduce the incidence of complications and cost in the long term. If the results of this study show that management of type 2 diabetes by tele monitoring is clinically effective and economical, this device could then be made available to a larger diabetic patient cohort.
Anemia in Patients With Resistance to Thyroid Hormone α: A Role for Thyroid Hormone Receptor α in Human Erythropoiesis
Authors: van Gucht Anja L M , Meima Marcel E , Moran Carla , Agostini Maura , Tylki-Szymanska Anna , Krajewska Malgorzata-Walasek , Chrzanowska Krystyna , Efthymiadou Alexandra , Chrysis Dionisios , Demir Korcan , Visser W Edward , Visser Theo J , Chatterjee Krishna , van Dijk Thamar B , Peeters Robin P 
Published: July 2017

AbstractContextPatients with resistance to thyroid hormone (TH) α (RTHα) are characterized by growth retardation, macrocephaly, constipation, and abnormal thyroid function tests. In addition, almost all RTHα patients have mild anemia, the pathogenesis of which is unknown. Animal studies suggest an important role for TH and TH receptor (TR)α in erythropoiesis.ObjectiveTo investigate whether a defect in TRα affects the maturation of red blood cells in RTHα patients.Design, Setting, and PatientsCultures of primary human erythroid progenitor cells (HEPs), from peripheral blood of RTHα patients (n = 11) harboring different inactivating mutations in TRα (P398R, F397fs406X, C392X, R384H, A382fs388X, A263V, A263S), were compared with healthy controls (n = 11). During differentiation, erythroid cells become smaller, accumulate hemoglobin, and express different cell surface markers. We assessed cell number and cell size, and used cell staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis to monitor maturation at different time points.ResultsAfter ∼14 days of ex vivo expansion, both control and patient-derived progenitors differentiated spontaneously. However, RTHα-derived cells differentiated more slowly. During spontaneous differentiation, RTHα-derived HEPs were larger, more positive for c-Kit (a proliferation marker), and less positive for glycophorin A (a differentiation marker). The degree of abnormal spontaneous maturation of RTHα-derived progenitors did not correlate with severity of underlying TRα defect. Both control and RTHα-derived progenitors responded similarly when differentiation was induced. T3 exposure accelerated differentiation of both control- and RTHα patient–derived HEPs.ConclusionsInactivating mutations in human TRα affect the balance between proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells during erythropoiesis, which may contribute to the mild anemia seen in most RTHα patients.
Effect of Various Carbonization Temperatures on ZIF-67 Derived Nanoporous Carbons
Authors: Guo Yanna , Tang Jing , Salunkhe Rahul R , Alothman Zeid Abdullah , Hossain Md Shahriar A , Malgras Victor , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Here we have prepared ZIF-67 derived nanoporous carbons (NPCs) under different carbonization temperatures ranging from 800 to 1000 °C, and investigated the effect of the temperature on the porous structure. Raman analysis confirms that the graphitic degree of the obtained samples increases as the applied carbonization temperature is increased. With the gradual increase of the graphitic degree, the surface area is decreased.
Highly Sensitive NO2 Detection and DMP Sensing at Room Temperature using Flexible SWNT Thick Film Sensor
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Chaturvedi Poornendu , Chouksey Abhilasha , Jha Pika , Rawat J.S.B.S. , Tandon R.P. , Chaudhury P.K. 
Published: July 2017

<p class="p1"> </p><p class="p2"><span class="s1"> </span>Low cost; easy to fabricate and flexible single wall carbon nanotubes thick film resistor (SWNT-TFR) for detailed study of NO<span class="s2">2 </span>detection is reported. SWNT-TFR was fabricated by vacuum filtration technique on flexible polycarbonate membrane. SWNT-TFR sensor shows selective response to NO<span class="s2">2</span>. The response increases from 1.47 per cent to 17.34 per cent with increasing the NO<span class="s2">2 </span>concentration from 0.2 ppm to 10 ppm, respectively. Different energy sources, IR, thermal and UV were explored for achieving fast recovery of the SWNT-TFR sensor. The results showed that the gas sensor gives immediate and fast recovery in the presence of UVC light. The calculated detection limit is less than 764 ppt for NO<span class="s2">2</span>. We are also presenting sensing of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) as a simulant of sarin. SWNT-TFR gives repeatable response of ~2.7 per cent for 500 ppm of DMMP. This work suggests the possibility to utilise SWNTs-TFR as NO<span class="s2">2 </span>sensors for air-quality monitoring. </p>
The culture of popular sports and religion<p>Popüler spor kültürü ve din
Authors: Akgül Mehmet Haşim , Kaplan Turgut 
Published: July 2017

Sport and religion had different definitions throughout the history. Roots of sport and religion phenomenon are as old as history of humanity, when common ground is searched. Sport has a changing relationship with religion along the history and according to data of sport history, sport has an aspect comes from religion. Relation between sport and religion has continued in different periods, while in modern times this relation has become a contradiction. This study, which has themed Popular Sport Culture and Religion, investigates effects of popular culture, religion and sport on doing exercises. Relationship between ‘’ exercise for healthy life’’ phenomenon and tendency of being religious phenomenon which are ever-mounting in community has presented as descriptive in this applied research study. Universe of study is composed of people who are making sport/exercise for healthy life in Konya and 197 male, 112 female attendants are reached. Research findings has interpreted as statistically. Positive relationships and significant discrepancies has found between popular sport/exercise culture and piety, according to gained data.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetTarih boyunca spor ve din çeşitli tanımlamalara konu olmuştur. Bu tanımlamaların ortak noktasına bakıldığında; spor ve din olgularının kökleri insanlık tarihi kadar eskidir. Spor tarihinin verilerine göre kökeninde dinsel bir yan bulunduğu sporun, tarih boyunca din ile değişen bir ilişkisi olmuştur. Çeşitli dönemlerde din ve spor ilişkisi birlikteliğini devam ettirirken, modern zamanlarda arasındaki ilişki neredeyse bir karşıtlık ilişkisi şeklinde düşünüle gelmiştir. Popüler Spor Kültürü ve Din konulu bu çalışma, günümüzde popüler kültürün, din ve spor/egzersiz yapmaya etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Uygulamalı bir araştırma olan çalışmada, toplumda gittikçe yaygınlaşan ‘sağlıklı yaşam için egzersiz’ yapma ile gittikçe artan dindarlaşma eğilimi arasındaki ilişki betimsel olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Bu araştırmanın evrenini, Konya’da sağlıklı yaşam için spor/egersiz yapan insanlar oluşturmuş ve 197 erkek, 112 kadın katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen araştırma bulguları istatistiksel olarak yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle, popüler spor/egzersiz kültürü ile dindarlık göstergeleri arasında olumlu ilişkiler ve anlamlı farklılıklar bulgulanmıştır.
Phenotypic diversity drives paracrine drug tolerance
Authors: Kuilman Thomas , Peeper Daniel S 
Published: July 2017

Considerable clinical successes have been achieved in cancer treatment since the introduction of targeted therapies. However, almost inevitably tumors develop therapy resistance, which limits durable clinical responses. Tumors are often heterogeneous, and as a result, therapy‐resistant cells are present even before the start of treatment. Resistance is commonly mediated via genetic changes. However, in this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Smith et al () report that phenotypic heterogeneity can contribute to resistance as well.
A Model for Epigenetic Inhibition via Transvection in the Mouse
Authors: Rodriguez Juan D , Myrick Dexter A , Falciatori Ilaria , Christopher Michael A , Lee Teresa W , Hannon Gregory J , Katz David J 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTransvection—a phenomenon in which the allele on one chromosome genetically interacts with its paired allele on the homologous chromo-some.....Transvection is broadly defined as the ability of one locus to affect its homologous locus in trans. Although it was first discovered in the 1950s, there are only two known cases in mammals. Here, we report another instance of mammalian transvection induced by the Cre/LoxP system, which is widely used for conditional gene targeting in the mouse. We attempted to use the germline-expressed Vasa-Cre transgene to engineer a mouse mutation, but observe a dramatic reduction of LoxP recombination in mice that inherit an already deleted LoxP allele in trans. A similar phenomenon has previously been observed with another Cre that is expressed during meiosis: Sycp-1-Cre. This second example of LoxP inhibition in trans reinforces the conclusion that certain meiotically expressed Cre alleles can initiate transvection in mammals. However, unlike the previous example, we find that the inhibition of LoxP recombination is not due to DNA methylation. In addition, we demonstrate that LoxP inhibition is easily alleviated by adding an extra generation to our crossing scheme. This finding confirms that the LoxP sites are inhibited via an epigenetic mechanism, and provides a method for the use of other Cre transgenes associated with a similar LoxP inhibition event. Furthermore, the abrogation of LoxP inhibition by the simple addition of an extra generation in our crosses establishes a unique mouse system for future studies to uncover the mechanism of transvection in mammals.