bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between metabolic syndrome and gingival inflammation in obese children
Authors: Kâ K , Rousseau M‐C , Tran SD , Henderson M , Nicolau B 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground and objectiveOur previous work showed a positive association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in a sample of obese and non‐obese children. However, whether this association persists among obese children is unknown. We aim to investigate the extent to which MetS is associated with GCF TNF‐α level among obese children.MethodologyWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis using data from visit 1 of the QUebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth cohort. A total of 219 obese children aged 8‐10 years, for whom data were available for both MetS and TNF‐α, were included in our analysis. The independent variable, MetS, was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation recommendations. GCF samples were collected from the gingival sulcus using a paper strip, and the concentration of TNF‐α was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Analyses included descriptive statistics and sex‐specific linear regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsIn this sample comprising only obese children, 24 (10.9%) had MetS. Among obese boys, those with MetS had 44.9% higher GCF TNF‐α (95% confidence interval: 16.5%‐73.3%) compared to those without MetS. No such association was detected in obese girls.ConclusionMetS was positively associated with GCF TNF‐α concentration in obese boys. These results suggest that obese boys with MetS may have a worse gingival health profile compared to their obese counterpart without MetS.
(Mis)Perceptions in Two‐ and Three‐Level Games: Detachment in Economic Partnership Agreement Negotiations
Authors: Weinhardt Clara , Moerland Anke 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article builds on the literature on trade negotiating constraints to advance a reconceptualization of Putnam's () two‐level game that accounts for the possibility of detachment. Limited institutional capacities for collecting and transmitting information about the domestic win‐set may prevent domestic constituents from exerting influence on the negotiator. This perspective sheds new light on the outcomes of negotiations in two‐level games, as they do not necessarily reflect actual win‐sets, but more likely the negotiator's (mis)perceptions or (mis)representations thereof. The article builds on an explorative case study of the Economic Partnership Agreement negotiations between the EU and the West African (2003–14) and the Caribbean (2003–07) regions. It relies on qualitative data, including over 60 interviews. The findings demonstrate that detachment meant that these controversial North–South trade agreements primarily reflected the negotiators' perceptions of the regions' interests or their own preferences, which raises doubts about their developmental impact and complicates their implementation.
Spatio‐Temporal Differentiation of Life Cycle Assessment Results for Average Perennial Crop Farm: A Case Study of Peruvian Cocoa Progression and Deforestation Issues
Authors: Raschio Giancarlo , Smetana Sergiy , Contreras Christian , Heinz Volker , Mathys Alexander 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe application of spatially and temporally explicit information to increase result precision is gaining momentum in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies. It is vital for the assessment of environmental impact of perennial crops with non‐productive years, grown in combination with shade crops. Available studies rely on differentiated life cycle inventory data for the inputs in LCA or application of adapted impact assessment methodologies. This study uses the identification of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) hotspots (statistically significant clusters of farms with either high or low GHG emission values) estimated from average LCA results and assesses a relative deforestation risk in such hotspots. A total of 1892 farms in the Tocache province of San Martin region of Peru were evaluated between the year 2008 and 2010. Combination of average LCA results with farm size, age and deforestation progression allowed for the identification of areas and farms with a high relative risk of environmental impacts and potential deforestation. It was estimated that farms belonging to high‐GHG emission hotspots were twice more likely to expand their agricultural frontier and cause deforestation than farms in low‐GHG emission hotspots. Combining LCA with geo‐information systems and geostatistics is a viable path to explore the differentiation of assessment results, which might lead to faster, more accurate, and resource‐efficient ways to tackle environmental impacts while also accounting for important environmental impacts such as deforestation. Further research on the application of suggested approaches with other perennial crops and other geographical areas is needed.
Decision Support Algorithm for Evaluating Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Electricity Generation in the United States
Authors: Ryan Nicole A. , Johnson Jeremiah X. , Keoleian Gregory A. , Lewis Geoffrey M. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis article presents an algorithm to aid practitioners in determining the most appropriate method to estimate carbon dioxide emissions from an electricity load. Applications include sustainability assessments of products, processes, energy efficiency improvements, changes in generation infrastructure, and changes in electricity demand. Currently, there is no consensus on appropriate methods for calculating greenhouse gas emissions resulting from specific electricity loads. Previous research revealed significant differences in emissions when different methods were used, a situation that could result in divergent sustainability or policy recommendations. In this article, we illustrate the distribution of emissions estimates based on method characteristics such as region size, temporal resolution, average or marginal approaches, and time scales. Informed by these findings, a decision support algorithm is presented that uses a load's key features and an analyst's research question to provide recommendations on appropriate method types. We defined four different cases to demonstrate the utility of the algorithm and to illustrate the variability of methods used in previous studies. Prior research often employed simplifying assumptions, which, in some cases, can result in electricity being allocated to the incorrect generating resources and improper calculation of emissions. This algorithm could reduce inappropriate allocation, variability in assumptions, and increase appropriateness of electricity emissions estimates.
Observational review of paediatric intraosseous needle placement in the paediatric emergency department
Authors: Pifko Elysha L , Price Amanda , Busch Carrie , Smith Curren , Jiang Yunyun , Dobson Joseph , Tuuri Rachel 
Published: November 2017

AimIntraosseous (IO) access is a life‐saving option during resuscitations in the paediatric emergency department (PED). This study aimed to compare success rates and time to placement for Manual IO versus EZ‐IO needles in PED patients ≤8 and >8 kg.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional descriptive study of IO use in a single‐centre tertiary PED from 2006 to 2014. Cases were identified through diagnosis codes for IO infusion, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and cardiac arrest and admissions to the intensive care unit. Categorical measures were compared with Z‐test for comparison of two proportions and continuous with Student's t‐tests.ResultsOf 1748 charts screened, 50 had an IO attempted. In patients ≤8 kg, Manual IO had success rate of 55% (17/31) versus 47% (8/17) for EZ‐IO (P = 0.61). In patients >8 kg, Manual had success rate of 100% (2/2) versus 93% (14/15) for EZ‐IO (P = 0.71). Manual performance was no different for ≤8 kg than >8 kg (P = 0.21), but EZ‐IO was less successful for ≤8 kg than >8 kg (P = 0.005).In patients ≤8 kg, Manual IO had a shorter time to placement at 4.5 min versus 12.8 for EZ‐IO (P = 0.02).ConclusionWe observed no difference in performance between Manual and EZ‐IO devices in children ≤8 kg, but the Manual IO were placed more quickly. We observed lower success rates with EZ‐IO devices in children ≤8 kg compared to >8 kg. Future investigations should focus specifically on training for IO placement in children ≤8 kg.
Phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Triptilion (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae) based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences
Authors: Jara‐Arancio Paola , Vidal Paula M. , Arroyo Mary T. K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe genus Triptilion is endemic to central Chile, the Mendoza Province and western Patagonia in Argentina. It is currently composed of seven species: T. achilleae, T. benaventii, T. berteroi, T. capillatum, T. cordifolium, T. gibbosum, and T. spinosum. The main objectives of this paper were to determine the phylogenetic relationships of species of Triptilion. We also traced the evolution of annual and perennial life‐forms. Historically a close relationship has been described between genera Triptilion and Nassauvia. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Triptilion and more closely related genera was undertaken using two nuclear (ITS, ETS) and two chloroplast (trnL‐F, rpl32‐trnL) markers. The topology of the Bayesian inference tree shows that the genus Triptilion is paraphyletic, because Nassauvia lagascae, the only representative of Nassauvia section Caloptilium grouped with T. achilleae, Clade I. The other species of Triptilion form two clades: Clade II composed of T. cordifolium and T. gibbosum and Clade III that includes T. benaventii, T. berteroi, T. capillatum, and T. spinosum. The genus Triptilion originated and diverged during the Miocene. The results of the life history reconstructions indicate that the common ancestor of Triptilion and Nassauvia was perennial. The annual habit appears to be derived in Triptilion. The life‐form of the common ancestor of Triptilion was ambiguous; it may have been annual or perennial.
Democratic Values, Religiosity, and Support for Same-Sex Marriage in Latin America
Authors: Dion Michelle L. , Díez Jordi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLatin America has been at the forefront of the expansion of rights for same-sex couples. Proponents of same-sex marriage frame the issue as related to human rights and democratic deepening; opponents emphasize morality tied to religious values. Elite framing shapes public opinion when frames resonate with individuals’ values and the frame source is deemed credible. Using surveys in 18 Latin American countries in 2010 and 2012, this article demonstrates that democratic values are associated with support for same-sex marriage while religiosity reduces support, particularly among strong democrats. The tension between democratic and religious values is particularly salient for women, people who live outside the capital city, and people who came of age during or before democratization.
Does Welfare Provision Promote Democratic State Legitimacy? Evidence from Brazil’s Bolsa Família Program
Authors: Layton Matthew L. , Donaghy Maureen M. , Rennó Lúcio R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractConditional cash transfer programs may boost the electoral fortunes of incumbents among beneficiary groups, but do they also influence recipient attitudes toward state legitimacy? This article examines the relationship between Brazil's Bolsa Família program and recipients’ sense of the Brazilian state's political legitimacy, from 2007 to 2014. Using AmericasBarometer data and propensity score matching, this study provides evidence that targeted cash benefits correlate with citizens’ views of the state, but that this relationship is limited to increasing trust in core state institutions, local government, and incumbent political actors. Diffuse dimensions of regime legitimacy, including recipients’ sense of political community, support for regime principles, and retrospective perceptions of national economic performance, are largely unaffected by the receipt of targeted benefits. Over time, the evidence also suggests that the impact of program receipt on these measures of support remains largely unchanged.
The role of fathers in mammalian sex allocation
Authors: Douhard Mathieu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractParents should bias resource allocation towards the sex most likely to provide higher fitness returns by adjusting the birth sex ratio and/or through differential care of sons and daughters. Sex allocation research in mammals to date has been focused almost exclusively on maternal traits, but fathers may also play an important role. Future studies should investigate the influence of paternal quality on the fitness of sons and daughters, and possible conflicts of interest between mothers and fathers. There is also a crucial need for more studies examining whether relative levels of maternal care in sons and daughters depend on paternal quality.
Field anesthesia of juvenile Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) using inhalation anesthesia
Authors: Lian Marianne , Johnson Shawn , Gelatt Thomas , O'Hara Todd M. , Beckmen Kimberlee B. , Rea Lorrie D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBetween 1998 and 2008, 621 Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus, SSL) were captured underwater by SCUBA divers and anesthetized with isoflurane (n = 602) or sevoflurane (n = 19). We found significantly faster induction time ( ± SD) for sevoflurane (11 ± 6 min) compared to isoflurane (14 ± 6 min), as well as an interaction between anesthetists using the isoflurane protocol. Severe hypothermia with temperatures <35°C were measured in 22% of all animals, and had significant associations with month, length of anesthesia, and sex. Mortality rate was low (0.33%). We conclude that both isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia were effective for field anesthesia to safely handle and sample SSL.
Primary prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections with posaconazole or itraconazole in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or high‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes undergoing intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy: A real‐world comparison
Authors: Tormo Mar , Pérez‐Martínez Ariadna , Calabuig Marisa , Hernández‐Boluda Juan Carlos , Amat Paula , Navarro David , Solano Carlos 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis is an observational‐retrospective study comparing the real‐world outcomes associated with posaconazole vs itraconazole as prophylaxis treatments. Two hundred and ninety‐three patient admissions attributable to 174 patients were included in the study. Patients were treated with itraconazole (n = 114 admissions; 39%) or posaconazole (n = 179; 61%). Antifungal prophylaxis failure (APF) due to treatment‐related adverse events (in 34 out of 293 patient admissions; 11.6%) was more frequent in the posaconazole group (6.1% vs 15.1%; P = .024). There were 9 patient admissions for episodes of APF due to probable/proven breakthrough fungal infection (primary endpoint): 6 and 3 in the itraconazole and posaconazole group respectively (5.3% vs 1.7%; P = .095). All of them were associated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). APF was more frequent with itraconazole (65% vs 30%; P < .001), along with failure due to possible/probable/proven IPA (25% vs 10%; P = .002) and overall failure by any of the 3 different causes of prophylaxis failure (70% vs 38%; P < .001). In agreement with clinical trial data, this real‐world evidence supports the use of posaconazole over itraconazole in AML or MDS patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy.
Dried fruit and dental health – how strong is the evidence?
Authors: Sadler M. J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChildren's dental health in England has shown improvement in recent decades. However, 24.7% of 5 year‐olds have obvious decay, with the average number of affected teeth being 3.4, and tooth decay is the most common reason for hospital admissions in 5–9 year‐olds. Public Health England advises that foods and drinks containing free sugars are limited because of the increased risk of dental caries associated with frequent intakes. Although dried fruit contains more sugars than fresh fruit by weight due to the dehydration process, the portion size of dried fruit is 30 g compared with 80 g for fresh fruit. Additionally, these sugars are not defined as ‘free’ according to the current UK definition. However, unlike other sources of natural sugars, dried fruit is recommended to be eaten with meals only rather than as a snack because there is a supposition that it ‘sticks’ to teeth. A comprehensive review of the evidence published last year found a lack of good quality studies to support this advice. In the absence of data from intervention and cohort studies for effects of dried fruit on dental caries endpoints, studies of proxy measures of tooth demineralisation show inconsistent effects on plaque pH and acidogenicity. Measurement of net demineralisation, following consumption of raisins seven times a day for 10 days, showed comparable effects with fresh fruit and vegetables under similar conditions. Oral retention (‘sticking’) has been investigated in few subjects. The results do not demonstrate that dried fruit is worse in terms of oral clearance than alternative snack foods. More robust research with validated methods is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn about the retention of dried fruit, and hence its potential for adverse effects on teeth. This is important because eating traditional dried fruits can help towards the achievement of a number of dietary recommendations, including contributing to the 5 A DAY target and increasing fibre intake.
International Year of Pulses: Keeping the momentum beyond 2016
Authors: Xipsiti M. , Marzara S. , Calles T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPulses have been part of the human diet for centuries, yet their nutritional value is not well recognised and average consumption remains low. As nutrient‐dense foods, they contain substantial amounts of micronutrients and have an important role to play in the prevention of some deficiencies, such as iron, globally. Pulses are also a good source of protein and dietary fibre and may contribute to reduced risk of diet‐related non‐communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Due to their nitrogen‐fixing properties, pulses support sustainable agricultural production and may help to achieve many of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The International Year of Pulses 2016 raised awareness of the contribution of pulses to healthy, balanced diets, sustainable food production and food security globally. Moving forward, it is vital to keep the momentum of the year alive and continue to raise awareness of pulses as a nutritious and sustainable food and feed source.
Polyphenols and health: Interactions between fibre, plant polyphenols and the gut microbiota
Authors: Edwards C. A. , Havlik J. , Cong W. , Mullen W. , Preston T. , Morrison D. J. , Combet E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA high‐fibre diet and one rich in fruit and vegetables have long been associated with lower risk of chronic disease. There are several possible mechanisms underpinning these associations, but one likely important factor is the production of bioactive molecules from plant‐based foods by the bacteria in the colon. This links to our growing understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in promoting health. Polyphenolic‐rich plant foods have been associated with potential health effects in many studies, but the bioavailability of polyphenol compounds, as eaten, is often very low. Most of the ingested molecules enter the large intestine where they are catabolised to smaller phenolic acids that may be the key bioactive effectors. Dietary fibres, present in plant foods, are also fermented by the bacteria to short‐chain fatty acids, compounds associated with several beneficial effects on cell turnover, metabolism and eating behaviour. Polyphenols and fibre are often eaten together, but there is a lack of research investigating the interaction between these two groups of key substrates for the colonic bacteria. In a project funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Diet and Health Research Industry Club, we are investigating whether combining different fibres and polyphenol sources can enhance the production of bioactive phenolic acids to promote health. This could lead to improved dietary recommendations and to new products with enhanced potential health‐promoting actions.
The TeRiFiQ project: Combining technologies to achieve significant binary reductions in sodium, fat and sugar content in everyday foods whilst optimising their nutritional quality
Authors: Salles C. , Kerjean J. R. , Veiseth‐Kent E. , Stieger M. , Wilde P. , Cotillon C. ,   the TeRiFiQ consortium
Published: November 2017

AbstractMost developed countries are confronted with rising rates of diseases related to unhealthy eating habits, particularly the excessive consumption of salt, saturated fat and free sugars. However, fat, sugars and salt in food influence not only its nutritional qualities but also its sensory properties, safety (e.g. shelf life) and affordability. The main challenge is to formulate healthier foods that are acceptable to consumers. In this context, the overall objective of TeRiFiQ was to achieve significant binary reductions in the salt‐fat and sugar‐fat contents of frequently consumed food products around Europe, while, at the same time, ensuring the products’ nutritional and sensorial qualities, safety and affordability for both industry and consumers was not compromised. TeRiFiQ addressed four major food categories: cheeses, processed meat, bakery and sauce products. Different strategies adapted to each food category were used to reduce the target ingredients. Significant reductions in the salt‐fat and fat‐sugar contents of a number of cheese, processed meat, bakery and sauce products were achieved, and these changes were found to be acceptable to consumers. The most promising reformulated food products were developed at the industrial scale.