bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The abandoned ice sheet base at Camp Century, Greenland, in a warming climate
Authors: Colgan William , Machguth Horst , MacFerrin Mike , Colgan Jeff D. , van As Dirk , MacGregor Joseph A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn 1959 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers built Camp Century beneath the surface of the northwestern Greenland Ice Sheet. There they studied the feasibility of deploying ballistic missiles within the ice sheet. The base and its wastes were abandoned with minimal decommissioning in 1967, under the assumption they would be preserved for eternity by perpetually accumulating snowfall. Here we show that a transition in ice sheet surface mass balance at Camp Century from net accumulation to net ablation is plausible within the next 75 years, under a business‐as‐usual anthropogenic emissions scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5). Net ablation would guarantee the eventual remobilization of physical, chemical, biological, and radiological wastes abandoned at the site. While Camp Century and four other contemporaneous ice sheet bases were legally established under a Danish‐U.S. treaty, the potential remobilization of their abandoned wastes, previously regarded as sequestered, represents an entirely new pathway of political dispute resulting from climate change.
Validating induced seismicity forecast models—Induced Seismicity Test Bench
Authors: Király‐Proag Eszter , Zechar J. Douglas , Gischig Valentin , Wiemer Stefan , Karvounis Dimitrios , Doetsch Joseph 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInduced earthquakes often accompany fluid injection, and the seismic hazard they pose threatens various underground engineering projects. Models to monitor and control induced seismic hazard with traffic light systems should be probabilistic, forward‐looking, and updated as new data arrive. In this study, we propose an Induced Seismicity Test Bench to test and rank such models; this test bench can be used for model development, model selection, and ensemble model building. We apply the test bench to data from the Basel 2006 and Soultz‐sous‐Forêts 2004 geothermal stimulation projects, and we assess forecasts from two models: Shapiro and Smoothed Seismicity (SaSS) and Hydraulics and Seismics (HySei). These models incorporate a different mix of physics‐based elements and stochastic representation of the induced sequences. Our results show that neither model is fully superior to the other. Generally, HySei forecasts the seismicity rate better after shut‐in but is only mediocre at forecasting the spatial distribution. On the other hand, SaSS forecasts the spatial distribution better and gives better seismicity rate estimates before shut‐in. The shut‐in phase is a difficult moment for both models in both reservoirs: the models tend to underpredict the seismicity rate around, and shortly after, shut‐in.
Aerosol lidar observations of atmospheric mixing in Los Angeles: Climatology and implications for greenhouse gas observations
Authors: Ware John , Kort Eric A. , DeCola Phil , Duren Riley 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAtmospheric observations of greenhouse gases provide essential information on sources and sinks of these key atmospheric constituents. To quantify fluxes from atmospheric observations, representation of transport—especially vertical mixing—is a necessity and often a source of error. We report on remotely sensed profiles of vertical aerosol distribution taken over a 2 year period in Pasadena, California. Using an automated analysis system, we estimate daytime mixing layer depth, achieving high confidence in the afternoon maximum on 51% of days with profiles from a Sigma Space Mini Micropulse LiDAR (MiniMPL) and on 36% of days with a Vaisala CL51 ceilometer. We note that considering ceilometer data on a logarithmic scale, a standard method, introduces, an offset in mixing height retrievals. The mean afternoon maximum mixing height is 770 m Above Ground Level in summer and 670 m in winter, with significant day‐to‐day variance (within seasonσ= 220m≈30%). Taking advantage of the MiniMPL's portability, we demonstrate the feasibility of measuring the detailed horizontal structure of the mixing layer by automobile. We compare our observations to planetary boundary layer (PBL) heights from sonde launches, North American regional reanalysis (NARR), and a custom Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model developed for greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring in Los Angeles. NARR and WRF PBL heights at Pasadena are both systematically higher than measured, NARR by 2.5 times; these biases will cause proportional errors in GHG flux estimates using modeled transport. We discuss how sustained lidar observations can be used to reduce flux inversion error by selecting suitable analysis periods, calibrating models, or characterizing bias for correction in post processing.
Ruthenium(II)‐ or Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Grignard‐Type Addition of Indolines and Indoles to Activated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Jo Hyeim , Park Jihye , Choi Miji , Sharma Satyasheel , Jeon Mijin , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Jeong Taejoo , Han Sangil , Kim In Su 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe ruthenium(II)‐ or rhodium(III)‐catalyzed pyrimidinyl‐directed Grignard‐type C−H additions of N‐heterocycles with activated aldehydes and ketones are described. A cationic ruthenium catalyst and sodium acetate additive in dichloroethane as solvent were found to be optimal catalytic system for the construction of C‐7 alkylated indolines. In sharp contrast, a cationic rhodium complex allows the generation of C‐2 alkylated indoles and pyrroles as well as C‐1 alkylated carbazoles. The site‐selective C−H functionalization of these heterocyclic scaffolds could be an important asset towards the development of novel bioactive compounds.magnified image
Simulating the slow to fast switch in cytochrome c oxidase catalysis by introducing a loop flip near the enzyme's cytochrome c (substrate) binding site
Authors: Alleyne Trevor , Ignacio Diane N. , Sampson Valerie B. , Ashe Damian , Wilson Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase catalyzes the reduction of molecular oxygen in the critical step of oxidative phosphorylation that links the oxidation of food consumed to ATP production in cells. The enzyme catalyzes the reduction of oxygen at two vastly different rates that are thought to be linked to two different conformations but the conformation of the “fast enzyme” remains obscure. In this study, we demonstrated how oxygen binding at haem a3 could trigger long‐distance conformational changes and then simulated a conformational change in an eight‐residue loop near the enzyme's substrate (cytochrome c) binding site. We then used this modified cytochrome c oxidase (COX) to simulate a stable COX‐cytochrome c enzyme–substrate (ES) complex. Compared to ES complexes formed in the absence of the conformation change, the distance between the redox centers of the two proteins was reduced by half and instead of nine, only four COX amino acid residues were found along the axis linking the electron entry point and the CuA redox center of COX: We proposed that intramolecular electron transfer in COX occurs via a charge/hydrogen relay system involving these four residues. We suggest that the conformational change and resulting shortened electron pathway are features of fast‐acting COX.
Inhibition of the 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA reductase induces orofacial defects in zebrafish
Authors: Signore Iskra A. , Jerez Carolina , Figueroa Diego , Suazo José , Marcelain Katherine , Cerda Oscar , Colombo Flores Alicia 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundOrofacial clefts (OFCs) are common birth defects, which include a range of disorders with a complex etiology affecting formation of craniofacial structures. Some forms of syndromic OFCs are produced by defects in the cholesterol pathway. The principal enzyme of the cholesterol pathway is the 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA reductase (HMGCR). Our aim is to study whether defects of HMGCR function would produce orofacial malformation similar to those found in disorders of cholesterol synthesis.MethodsWe used zebrafish hmgcrb mutants and HMGCR inhibition assay using atorvastatin during early and late stages of orofacial morphogenesis in zebrafish. To describe craniofacial phenotypes, we stained cartilage and bone and performed in situ hybridization using known craniofacial markers. Also, we visualized neural crest cell migration in a transgenic fish.ResultsOur results showed that mutants displayed loss of cartilage and diminished orofacial outgrowth, and in some cases palatal cleft. Late treatments with statin show a similar phenotype. Affected‐siblings displayed a moderate phenotype, whereas early‐treated embryos had a minor cleft. We found reduced expression of the downstream component of Sonic Hedgehog‐signaling gli1 in ventral brain, oral ectoderm, and pharyngeal endoderm in mutants and in late atorvastatin‐treated embryos.ConclusionOur results suggest that HMGCR loss‐of‐function primarily affects postmigratory cranial neural crest cells through abnormal Sonic Hedgehog signaling, probably induced by reduction in metabolites of the cholesterol pathway. Malformation severity correlates with the grade of HMGCR inhibition, developmental stage of its disruption, and probably with availability of maternal lipids. Together, our results might help to understand the spectrum of orofacial phenotypes found in cholesterol synthesis disorders. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:814–830, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility work to inform the design of a randomized clinical trial of wound dressings in elective and unplanned abdominal surgery
Authors:   Severn and Peninsula Audit and Research Collaborative for Surgeons (SPARCS),   West Midlands Research Collaborative (WMRC), Andronis L , Calvert M , Magill L , Mathers J , Pinkney T D , Torrance A , Talbot H , Blazeby J M , Blencowe N S , Coast J , Draycott T , Donovan J , Gooberman-Hill R , Reeves B C , Rogers C A , Longman R , Woodward M , Young T , Bird J , Clayton G , Ellis L , Macefield R , Milne T , van der Nelson H , Nicholson A , Rooshenas L , Siassakos D , Strong S , Townsend D , McMullan C , Winter C , Atherton G , Tafazal H , Eriksson A , Chapman T , Zafar Z , Chang J , Sharma E , Green N , Shariff U , Neito T , Youssef H , Marriott P , Popplewell M , Ring N , Sharples A , Summerour V , Bhangu A , Upchurch E , Hardy T , Monteiro de Barros J , Reza L , Ekere C , Greenwood A , Strong S , Florance C , Orchard P , Court E , Ives C , Papworth E , Lee C , Buchan S , Bennett J , Rowlands C , Frank L , Ide K-A , Noble E , Sellars H , Anderson E , Fallaize R , Kynaston J , Hotton E , Banks J , Thompson N , Hodkinson T , Blencowe N , Bamford R , Newman P , Cutting J , Barber Z , Grant C , Mason J , Bailey J 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Designing RCTs in surgery requires consideration of existing evidence, stakeholders' views and emerging interventions, to ensure that research questions are relevant to patients, surgeons and the health service. When there is uncertainty about RCT design, feasibility work is recommended. This study aimed to assess how feasibility work could inform the design of a future pilot study and RCT (Bluebelle, HTA - 12/200/04).

Methods
This was a prospective survey of dressings used to cover abdominal wounds. Surgical trainees from 25 hospitals were invited to participate. Information on patient risk factors, operation type and type of wound dressings used was recorded for elective and unplanned abdominal procedures over a 2-week interval. The types of dressing used were summarized, and associations with operation type and patient risk factors explored.

Results
Twenty hospitals participated, providing data from 727 patients (1794 wounds). Wounds were predominantly covered with basic dressings (1203 of 1769, 68·0 per cent) and tissue adhesive was used in 27·4 per cent (485 of 1769); dressing type was missing for 25 wounds. Just 3·6 per cent of wounds (63 of 1769) did not have a dressing applied at the end of the procedure. There was no evidence of an association between type of dressing used and patient risk factors, type of operation, or elective and unscheduled surgery.

Conclusion
Based on the findings from this large study of current practice, the pilot study design has evolved. The inclusion criteria have expanded to encompass patients undergoing unscheduled surgery, and tissue adhesive as a dressing will be evaluated as an additional intervention group. Collaborative methods are recommended to inform the design of RCTs in surgery, helping to ensure they are relevant to current practice.
Prevalence and impact of autoimmune thyroid disease on myasthenia gravis course
Authors: Kubiszewska Justyna , Szyluk Beata , Szczudlik Piotr , Bartoszewicz Zbigniew , Dutkiewicz Małgorzata , Bielecki Maksymilian , Bednarczuk Tomasz , Kostera‐Pruszczyk Anna 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesAutoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) frequently accompany myasthenia gravis (MG) and may influence its course. We aimed to determine the association and impact of ATD with early‐ (<50 years), late‐onset MG, or thymoma‐MG.Materials and MethodsPrevalence of ATD was measured in a cross‐sectional study of 343 consecutive patients with MG (236 F, 107 M) aged 4–89 years; 83.8% were seropositive, in 2.9%, anti‐MuSK antibodies were detected. Concentrations of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, antithyroglobulin antibodies, antithyrotropin receptor antibodies, and TSH level were measured in all patients. MG clinical course, treatment received, and treatment results were evaluated.ResultsAutoimmune thyroid diseases were diagnosed in 92 (26.8%) of MG patients including 4.4% with Graves (GD), 9% with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), and 13.4% with antithyroid antibodies only. GD patients had ocular symptoms more often than patients with antithyroid antibodies or HT (p = .008). ATD prevalence was comparable in MG with early and late onset, while non‐ATDs were more frequent in thymoma‐MG (p = .049). Immunosuppressive therapy was less frequently needed in the patients with MG and ATD, indirectly indicating milder MG course (p = .005). Risk of myasthenic crisis and the results of treatment did not differ between patients with and without ATD.ConclusionsAutoimmune thyroid diseases are frequently accompanied by early‐and late‐onset MG, while thymoma‐MG is related to higher risk of non‐ATD. Myasthenia coexisting with ATD follows milder course than MG alone.
A Thermochemical Long‐Term Heat Storage System Based on a Salt/Zeolite Composite
Authors: Nonnen Thomas , Beckert Steffen , Gleichmann Kristin , Brandt Alfons , Unger Baldur , Kerskes Henner , Mette Barbara , Bonk Sebastian , Badenhop Thomas , Salg Frank , Gläser Roger 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFor the purpose of a long‐term heat storage system based on water sorption, a composite material consisting of CaCl2 and zeolite Ca‐X, obtained by ion exchange with Ca2+ and subsequent impregnation with CaCl2 of a binder‐free granulated zeolite Na‐X, was prepared on a technical scale. In a lab‐scale apparatus, the heat storage density of the composite material reaches values up to 260 kWh m−3 for water vapor partial pressures up to 33 mbar. As compared to the pure zeolites Ca‐X and Na‐X, this corresponds to an increase in heat storage density of 45 % and 68 %, respectively. An engineering concept based on the mechanical transport of the composite heat storage material through a prereactor and a main reactor was demonstrated in a hardware‐in‐the‐loop test bench.
A Tightly Stretched Ultralong Supramolecular Multiporphyrin Array Propagated by Double‐Strand Formation
Authors: Morisue Mitsuhiko , Hoshino Yuki , Shimizu Masaki , Uemura Shinobu , Sakurai Shinichi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA shape‐programmed linearity through supramolecular polymerization is demonstrated by a step‐growth double‐strand formation of a telechelic oligomeric porphyrin array in which two alternating pyridyl‐porphyrin sequenced units are held together by self‐complementary ligand‐to‐metal coordination. The stiff rod‐like structure and sufficiently large binding constant of the double‐strand unit considerably extended a supramolecular array in the one dimension, which produced a tightly stretched string with a length that exceeded several micrometers.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazolium Ion Tethered TsDPENs as Efficient Ligands for Iridium Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α‐Keto Phosphonates in Water.
Authors: Sun Mengxia , Campbell Joann , Kang Guowei , Wang Huigang , Ni Bukuo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA water compatible imidazolium ion tethered TsDPEN ligand (ITT) is applied for the title reaction using sodium formate as hydrogen source.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Minimally Functionalized Alkenes: Isotopic Labeling Provides Insight into the Origin of Stereoselectivity and Alkene Insertion Preferences.
Authors: Friedfeld Max R. , Shevlin Michael , Margulieux Grant W. , Campeau Louis‐Charles , Chirik Paul J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA highly enantioselective hydrogenation of cyclic and 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes, including substructures of natural products and biologically active compounds, is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Chemo‐ and Regioselective Decarboxylative Addition of β‐Ketoacids to Alkynes.
Authors: Li Changkun , Grugel Christian P. , Breit Bernhard 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA new rhodium‐catalyzed chemo‐ and regioselective addition of β‐ketoacids to alkynes is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐4,5‐alkyl‐Substituted Pyridines Using 1,3‐Enynes as Alkynes Surrogates.
Authors: Barday Manuel , Ho Kelvin Y. T. , Halsall Christopher T. , Aissa Christophe 
Published: August 2016

Abstract1,3‐enynes are convenient surrogates of internal alkynes bearing two alkyl substituents in their nickel‐catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition with 3‐azetidinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Purinyl N3‐Directed Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Alkoxylation of N9‐Arylpurines: A Late‐Stage Strategy to Synthesize N9‐(ortho‐Alkoxyl)arylpurines.
Authors: Yu Mingwu , Wang Zhiqian , Tian Miao , Lu Chenghu , Li Shunlai , Du Hongguang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA highly regioselective C—H arylation of N9‐arylpurines is developed in which aliphatic alcohols and PhI(OAc)2 are used as alkoxylation reagent and oxidant, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Silylation Reaction Between Benzylic Halides and Silylboronate.
Authors: Huang Zhi‐Dao , Ding Ran , Wang Peng , Xu Yun‐He , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPrimary and secondary benzylic halides efficiently react with silylboronates affording benzylic silanes with moderate to high yields and broad substrate scope.
CuO‐CeO2/ZSM‐5 composites for reactive adsorption of hydrogen sulphide at high temperature
Authors: Liu Dongjing , Zhou Weiguo , Wu Jiang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe high‐temperature H2S removal at 500–700 °C was conducted over CuO‐CeO2/ZSM‐5 composites prepared with sol‐gel method. 7Cu3Ce/ZSM‐5 partially reacting at 500 °C yielded Cu7S4 and Cu2S. The major sulphidation products at 600 °C were Ce2O2S, Cu2S, CuS, and S. Sulphidation of 7Cu3Ce/ZSM‐5 at 700 °C yielded Ce2S3, Cu2S, Cu2S, and S. Sulphidation of 7Cu3Ce/ZSM‐5 with 20 % H2 and 20 % CO generated the same products Ce2O2S, Cu2S, Cu2S, and S. Increase in the degree of crystallinity of 7Cu3Ce/ZSM‐5 resulted in the decrease of sulphur capacity during the sulphidation and regeneration process. Experimental results showed that the activity of CuO improved by adding Ce; 7Cu3Ce/ZSM‐5 performed the optimal sulphiation behaviour at 600 °C with sulphur capacity of 1429 μmol/g (micromoles of sulphur per gram) due to the synergy of CuO and CeO2. H2 repressed sulphur removal, causing the reduction of sulphur capacity from 1429 to 1014 μmol/g. CO had little impact on sulphidation reaction; sulphur capacity only reduced from 1429 to 1221 μmol/g due to the presence of 20 % CO.
Three‐dimensional synaptic analyses of mitral cell and external tufted cell dendrites in rat olfactory bulb glomeruli
Authors: Bourne Jennifer N. , Schoppa Nathan E. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTRecent studies have suggested that the two excitatory cell classes of the mammalian olfactory bulb, the mitral cells (MCs) and tufted cells (TCs), differ markedly in physiological responses. For example, TCs are more sensitive and broadly tuned to odors than MCs and also are much more sensitive to stimulation of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in bulb slices. To examine the morphological bases for these differences, we performed quantitative ultrastructural analyses of glomeruli in rat olfactory bulb under conditions in which specific cells were labeled with biocytin and 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine. Comparisons were made between MCs and external TCs (eTCs), which are a TC subtype in the glomerular layer with large, direct OSN signals and capable of mediating feedforward excitation of MCs. Three‐dimensional analysis of labeled apical dendrites under an electron microscope revealed that MCs and eTCs in fact have similar densities of several chemical synapse types, including OSN inputs. OSN synapses also were distributed similarly, favoring a distal localization on both cells. Analysis of unlabeled putative MC dendrites further revealed gap junctions distributed uniformly along the apical dendrite and, on average, proximally with respect to OSN synapses. Our results suggest that the greater sensitivity of eTCs vs. MCs is due not to OSN synapse number or absolute location but rather to a conductance in the MC dendrite that is well positioned to attenuate excitatory signals passing to the cell soma. Functionally, such a mechanism could allow rapid and dynamic control of OSN‐driven action potential firing in MCs through changes in gap junction properties. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:592–609, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust Immobilized Amine CO2 Sorbent Pellets Utilizing a Poly(Chloroprene) Polymer Binder and Fly Ash Additive
Authors: Wilfong Walter Christopher , Kail Brian W. , Howard Bret H. , Fernandes de Aquino Thiago , Teixeira Estevam Sabrina , Gray McMahan L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPelletization of ca. 50 wt % amine/silica carbon dioxide sorbents was achieved with the novel combination of fly ash (FA) as a strength additive and hydrophobic poly(chloroprene) (PC) as a binder. The PC content and overall synthesis procedure of these materials were optimized to produce pellets, labeled as FA/E100‐S_(20/80)_12.2, with the highest ball‐mill attrition resistance (<0.5 wt % by fines, 24 h) and maximum CO2 capture capacity of 1.78 mmol CO2 g−1. The strength of the pellets was attributed to hydrogen‐bonding of the relatively homogeneous PC network with the interlocked FA and BIAS particles (DRIFTS, SEM‐EDS). The low degradation of 3–4 % in the pellet's CO2 capture capacity under both dry TGA (7.5 h) and practical fixed‐bed (6.5 h dry; 4.5 h humid,≈5 vol % H2O) CO2 adsorption–desorption conditions highlights the pellet's excellent cyclic stability. These robust pellet characteristics make PC/FA/sorbent materials promising for commercial scale, point‐source CO2 capture.