bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canine pyometra: What is new?
Authors: Hagman R 
Published: November 2016

ContentsPyometra is a common disease in countries where elective spaying is not routinely performed. Hormonal and bacterial factors are fundamental in the pathogenesis of the disease, which manifests itself as a potentially life‐threatening bacterial infection of the uterus. Surgical ovariohysterectomy is the safest and most effective treatment for pyometra, and it has recently been shown that laparoscopically assisted methods for surgical treatment are feasible to use in selected cases. New protocols for improved medical treatment alternatives have also been tested with promising results. To be able to predict outcome and presence of complications early would be valuable in clinical practice for optimizing therapy and increasing survival. Results of commonly investigated clinical and laboratory investigations have been shown to be useful as predictive markers, with leucopenia being associated with increased risk of peritonitis as well as prolonged post‐operative hospitalization after surgical treatment. A cage‐side rapid and cost‐effective diagnostic test would be highly valuable in clinical practice, and detection of pyometra‐specific upregulated genes in the uterus and the corresponding products is a potential start in identifying novel markers suitable for such as test. The focus of the present review is to highlight recent findings on pathogenesis, prediction of outcome, diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, central research questions and suggestions for future investigations about several aspects of canine pyometra will be addressed.
Uterine haemodynamic, vascularization and blood pressure changes along the oestrous cycle in bitches
Authors: Nogueira IB , Almeida LL , Angrimani DSR , Brito MM , Abreu RA , Vannucchi CI 
Published: November 2016

ContentsCharacterization of the bitch's reproductive physiology is of utmost importance for the development of new reproductive techniques and the diagnosis of reproductive diseases. In this respect, uterine B‐mode ultrasonography has been employed in several studies; however, the focus on haemodynamic changes along the oestrous cycle is yet to be described. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize haemodynamic changes (uterine vascularization, systemic arterial blood pressure and heart rate) throughout the oestrous cycle in bitches. For this purpose, ten Golden Retriever bitches were evaluated during an entire oestrous cycle, twice during each stage of the cycle. Uterine artery blood flow, velocity wave forms, haemodynamic parameters and vascularization were analysed by Doppler ultrasonography. Furthermore, uterine diameter, arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Uterine artery pulsatility index at early prooestrus was significantly lower in comparison with early oestrus, mid‐ and late anoestrus. Uterine artery resistance index was higher at early oestrus when compared to late oestrus and uterine diameter was significantly higher during late prooestrus. Furthermore, mean arterial blood pressure was lower and heart rate was higher during late prooestrus in comparison with the other oestrous cycle stages. In conclusion, haemodynamic changes in the uterine artery, uterine diameter, systemic blood pressure and heart rate occur during the canine oestrous cycle. Specifically, there is an increase in uterine artery perfusion, uterine diameter and mean arterial blood pressure during prooestrus, while uterine blood flow diminishes during oestrus and anoestrus.
Interpersonal influences on goals: Current and future directions for goal contagion research
Authors: Laurin Kristin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA growing body of research documents goal contagion, a phenomenon whereby people are likely to catch—to adopt and pursue for themselves—the goals they see others pursuing. Here, I situate goal contagion relative to other ideas about where goals come from and then review existing scholarship on the phenomenon itself and the processes that underlie it. I then point to four larger questions that goal contagion researchers must answer in the years to come. The first two of these questions (what levels of the self‐regulatory hierarchy are subject to contagion and what role goal contagion affords for consciousness and intention) delve deeper into the process of the phenomenon, while the second two (how goal contagion affects social relationships and how it plays into goal pursuit more broadly) highlight how researchers have largely ignored the question of how goal contagion might influence people's broader lives.
Barriers to forgiveness
Authors: Raj Medha , Wiltermuth Scott S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSociety generally encourages individuals to forgive their transgressors because forgiveness can yield many psychological, physiological, and social benefits (Exline & Baumeister, ). Nevertheless, victims face barriers to forgiving others, and other people face obstacles that prevent them from encouraging victims to forgive. We aim to provide insight into the various barriers that deter forgiveness by examining the role of the various parties involved—victims, transgressors, and uninvolved third parties—in creating barriers to forgiveness. We contend that beliefs held by these various parties significantly reduce the likelihood that victims will forgive their transgressors. By identifying how these beliefs impede forgiveness, we can begin to understand more fully why convincing victims to forgive is often a challenge. In our discussion, we also suggest ways by which victims, transgressors, and third parties can overcome these barriers to forgiveness.
Diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor genes in Drung Chinese
Authors: Jiang L. , Su P. , Yang T. , Zhu X. , Yao F. , Che Z. , Ma H. , Wang J. , Chen Q. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractKiller cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) genes are variably distributed among populations from distinct geographic areas and ethnic origins. We describe, for the first time, KIR gene diversity in 152 unrelated and healthy Drung individuals, as measured by sequence‐specific polymerase chain reaction. All 16 known KIR genes were detected. Of these, the framework genes KIR2DL4, 3DL2, 3DL3, and 3DP1 were present in all individuals as expected, along with the non‐framework genes KIR2DL1, 2DL3, and 2DP1. In contrast, KIR2DL2, 2DS2, and 2DS5 were unusually rare, suggesting that KIR gene distribution was relatively concentrated. Ten different KIR genotypes were found, of which the most common consisted of nine genes (KIR2DL1, 2DL3, 2DL4, 2DS4, 3DL1, 3DL2, 3DL3, 2DP1, and 3DP1) and accounted for 66.4% of participants. There were eight different haplotypes present, of which the A haplotype was the most common (81.9%). Principal components and dendrogram analysis confirmed that the Drung Chinese are most closely related to the Japanese, the Zhejiang Han, and the Yunnan Han. In conclusion, distinctive frequencies of KIR genes, haplotypes, and genotypes are observed in Chinese Drung.
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria: a difficult diagnosis in adult patients
Authors: Zeller Michelle P. , Arnold Donald M. , Al Habsi Khalid , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine , Delage Gilles , Lebrun Andres , Heddle Nancy M. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDParoxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is a rare form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by a biphasic (Donath‐Landsteiner [DL]) immunoglobulin G autoantibody. Estimates of disease frequency after syphilis are lacking and the diagnostic yield of testing for PCH is uncertain. The objectives of this study were: 1) to describe DL testing practices in Canada, 2) to determine how often a biphasic RBC antibody is detected in adults and children, and 3) to evaluate inter‐rater reliability of interpretations of positive DL test results in adults.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe performed a national survey of reference laboratories, chart review of all test‐positive cases, and independent panel adjudication.RESULTSOf 18 reference laboratories invited, 14 participated in the survey. In a representative year, 52 DL tests were requested across 14 centers, a region that serves more than 60% of Canada's population. In 124 cumulative testing‐years, three positive tests were reported in adults and 14 positive tests were reported in children. There was poor agreement on interpretation of the three positive test results in adults among a panel of four experts (Fleiss κ = −0.1852; standard error, 0.1309; 95% confidence interval, −0.4418 to 0.0715). At a large academic center, 34 samples from 27 patients were sent for DL testing from 2006 to 2013 with 97% (33/34) reported as negative, inconclusive, or unacceptable samples.CONCLUSIONPositive DL test results are rare and occur more commonly in children than adults. There was poor agreement among experts on the interpretation of a positive DL test in adults. These observations highlight the difficulties in establishing the diagnosis of PCH in adults and calls for scrutiny of current laboratory practice.
The effect of a standard whole blood donation on oxygen uptake and exercise capacity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Van Remoortel Hans , De Buck Emmy , Compernolle Veerle , Deldicque Louise , Vandekerckhove Philippe 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDBlood is a life‐saving product for many people worldwide. Voluntary blood donation serves the demand for blood but there are concerns among potential donors about the impact of blood loss on exercise performance. This systematic review aimed to collect the best available evidence of the effect of a standard whole blood donation on aerobic exercise performance.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSStudies from six databases dealing with a standard whole blood donation (400‐500 mL) followed by (sub)maximal exercise were retained. The outcomes included exercise‐related blood variables (hemoglobin [Hb] concentration, hematocrit, and red blood cell count) and endurance exercise variables ((sub)maximal oxygen uptake, peak work rate, and time to exhaustion). Overall effects at different time points postdonation were investigated by performing meta‐analyses and calculating mean differences (and 95% confidence intervals). The GRADE methodology (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) was used to assess the quality of evidence.RESULTSWe identified 6237 references and finally included 18 before–after studies of low quality. Twenty‐four to 48 hours after a blood donation, 1) Hb concentration was reduced (7% decrease) until 14 days after the blood donation (4% decrease), 2) maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was lower (7% decrease), and 3) a reduction in maximal exercise capacity (10% decrease) was present.CONCLUSIONThe best available evidence indicates that a standard whole blood donation (400‐500 mL) leads to small but potentially physiologically important reductions in Hb levels, VO2max, and maximal exercise capacity in the first 2 days after the blood donation.
Enhanced Toolbox for the Combined Analysis of Fluid- and Structure-Borne Noise of Hydraulic Systems
Authors: Waitschat Arne , Nordmann Lennard , Thielecke Frank , Pommier-Budinger Valérie 
Published: November 2016

Today’s available software packages that feature dedicated hydraulic system noise analysis capabilities focus on the Fluid-Borne Noise (FBN) prediction in frequency or time domain. However, some noise sensitive hydraulic installation areas, like light weight structures in aviation, drive the development of an extended toolbox that also covers the prediction of Structure-Borne Noise (SBN) and Fluid-Structure-Interaction (FSI) in hydraulic systems.
This conference contribution presents the concept and design of such a toolbox. It is implemented in a Matlab Simulink/ Simscape environment by FBN-, SBN- and FSI- model libraries. For a given study case a simulation model is generated using elements from these libraries. The simulation results are experimentally validated using a dedicated hydraulic system noise test rig. It features a rotary valve as FBN source and a pipe system equipped with dynamic pressure transducers for FBN detection and acceleration sensors for SBN detection.
The analysis capabilities of such a toolbox are considered beneficial in particular for future (pre-/re-) design projects in the aviation environment, which hold challenging application constraints for efficient hydraulic system noise reduction devices: Besides obligatory strong limits on component weight and size, the high safety and reliability standards demand simple and maintenance-free onboard devices. Hence solutions with minimum hardware efforts are preferred. In this context, the proposed toolbox can be used for a combined tuning of type and location of standard/simple FBN silencers together with type and location of SBN effecting pipe clamps in order to optimize the overall system noise pattern towards an increased equipment durability and passenger comfort.
Active Pneumatic Pulsation Damper for Peristaltic Pump Flow Loops
Authors: Liermann Matthias 
Published: November 2016

A novel concept of an active pulsation damper is described that cancels parasitic flow pulsatility of peristaltic pumps and is able to inject desired pulsatility signatures such as physiological heart beat. Peristaltic pumps avoid contact between the moving parts of a pump and the operating fluid. They are used for clean or sterile fluids as well as for highly aggressive fluids, whenever it is important to isolate the fluid from the environment. The background application for the proposed active pulsation damper is the simulation of hemodynamic flow.
The paper presents a novel pulse damper concept that allows the use of roller or peristaltic pumps as primary pumps for hemodynamic flow loops. The problem with peristaltic pumps is that they exhibit a high parasitic pulsatility that needs to be canceled before a desired pulsatility can be injected. The active pulsation damper does this and is also used to superpose a desired flow pattern that resembles measured heart flow rate profiles. The nonlinear dynamic equations of a test system with active pulsation dampers are established and linearized to allow a first analysis of the achievable bandwidth. Simulation results of the closed loop system are presented based on the non-linear equations.
Research on the Stability of a System Consisting of a Water Hydraulic Control Valve and Cylinder
Authors: Yoshida Futoshi , Miyakawa Shimpei , Iio Shouichiro 
Published: November 2016

Water hydraulic system using tap water as working fluid is a new driving method which provides high speed, high-output control, while providing safety, hygiene, and ecofriendliness. Its applicable markets widely range from food, health, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, semiconductors, beverages, to energy industries. Applications of the water hydraulic technology differ from those of its oil counterpart in heavy industries.
This paper is aimed at analytically considering the stability of systems that use tap water as the working fluid. We studied a comprehensive system, including a water hydraulic control valve, a cylinder, and piping for connecting these components, to determine the transfer function of the entire system that has three elements: a control valve; piping and cylinder; and a compensation circuit. Based on the determined function, we reviewed the relationship among natural frequencies of the system, including the control valve and piping, and examined the effect of the control valve and cylinder on the stability of the entire system according to the Hurwitz stability criterion. This gave us a design guideline about the compensation circuit that stabilizes the system by adjusting the natural frequency of the water hydraulic proportional control valve according to the natural frequencies of the piping and cylinder.
Boom Potential Energy Regeneration Scheme for Hydraulic Excavators
Authors: Kim Young-Bum , Kim Pan-Young , Murrenhoff Hubertus 
Published: November 2016

When hydraulic excavators lower their boom or brake the rotating upper structure, recoverable potential or kinetic energy is available. In recent years electric and hydraulic hybrid excavators have been developed to recover this energy that is lost through usually the throttle or relief valve. Although boom lowering motion occurs frequently, most commercial hybrid excavators only recover the swing braking energy. Some hybrid architectures to recover the boom potential energy have also been introduced, however, much of this energy is still lost as throttling losses when they save the energy into a storage device by using a recuperation scheme or they need many additional electric components.
This paper introduces a new regeneration scheme to recover the boom potential energy for hydraulic excavators. By directly connecting the head chambers of the boom cylinders to a variable displacement hydraulic motor installed on the engine shaft, the boom potential energy could be used to support the torque required to be delivered by the engine. The speed of boom lowering is controlled by adjusting the motor displacement. Also bypass into a tank is implemented to limit the size of the recovery motor. The simulation results show the average fuel consumption in leveling and 90deg truck loading tasks can be reduced by 10% and 7%, respectively.
Novel Hydraulic System for Mini Excavators Without Electronic Controls
Authors: Sugimura Ken , Murrenhoff Hubertus 
Published: November 2016

The target application of this study is hydraulic excavators, which are one of the most common machines found at construction sites across the world. Road constructions and improvements, laying operation of cables or pipes and building can be seen in urban areas and digging and dumping operations of natural resource are done in country regions. For the construction site in urban areas, mini hydraulic excavators with operating weights up to 6 tons are often used and they make up more than 60% of the total hydraulic excavators market [1].
In recent years, a number of new system architectures for mobile hydraulic systems have been proposed. Examples of such improved architectures are displacement control, transformer systems and valve controlled systems with multiple pressure rails. For these systems, electronic controls are always used. Although these new methods are promising, they cannot be applied to mini-excavators, because today’s mini-hydraulic excavators do not use electronic controls as this would increase costs and make the system complex. Therefore, the goal of this study is to propose a fully hydro-mechanical valve controlled constant pressure system, which can be applied to mini-excavators in the future.
This paper begins by introducing the details of this novel hydraulic system and shows its advantages. Using a simulation model of an 18 ton excavator, it is confirmed that the novel system functions well and the energy efficiency is compared to a conventional Load Sensing system. The simulation results show that the novel system can save 22% and 24% of fuel in leveling and 90° dig-dump cycles respectively.
Pump Efficiency Parameter Estimation
Authors: Shinn Tyler , Carpenter Richard , Fales Roger C. 
Published: November 2016

Hydraulic pump health monitoring can give early notice of a catastrophic failure occurring within the pump, saving time and money on repairs. This work focuses on developing a system to monitor an axial piston pump’s volumetric efficiency, using state and parameter estimation techniques. A high order, nonlinear model has been utilized for the axial piston pump. Pressure measurements of the pump are used for a linear Kalman filter (KF) as well as an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to estimate the remaining states of pump model. Volumetric efficiency losses are tracked by the filters via estimation of two flow loss coefficients, low Reynolds and high Reynolds flow loss, which are allowed to vary within the model to track the changes. In a separate analysis, a third parameter, a disturbance torque, was applied to the load and its estimation in a similar process to the flow loss coefficients.
Both filters are able to estimate a single flow loss or load. However, the KF was unable to distinguish between two flow losses. The EKF is able to distinguish between low and high Reynolds number flows since it takes into account the nonlinearities in the system including the flow loss characteristics. The EKF shows promise in being able to estimate both flow losses and a load disturbance simultaneously. Both types of filters are found to have fast run times suggesting that the filters could be implemented using typical microcontroller hardware found on industrial and mobile hydraulic machinery.
Methodical Loss Reduction in Load Sensing Systems Based on Measurements
Authors: Hießl Arnold , Scheidl Rudolf 
Published: November 2016

Energy efficiency improvements are forced by steadily increasing general performance and cost saving requirements, and for mobile machines mostly by stricter governmental emission laws. Such improvements can be realized by new system architectures, like hybrids or energy recovery systems, but also by optimizing existing systems. This publication discusses the reduction of systematic losses for an existing hydraulic Load Sensing System (LSS) used in mobile working machines, especially in compact excavators. Energy losses in a LSS are proportional to the pressure difference between pump and actuator in each section. These systematic losses are investigated and can be reduced by actuator adaptation or by splitting non-correlating sections. Energy losses along the hydraulic circuit, such as pump losses hydraulic line losses and actuator losses, which are affected by these adaptations indirectly, are neglected.
The investigations are founded on measurements of a 5 ton compact excavator and their systematic evaluation. The actuator adaptation can be realised by changing the excavator’s geometry and/or hydraulic specifications (cylinder areas, displacement volume). The focus of this paper is limited to the hydraulic domain. Mathematical models and operation scenarios verified by measurements were taken as the basis to find optimum system parameter configurations by mathematical optimization, employing evolutionary algorithm. This included also different groupings of LSS circuits. Boom, stick, bucket and swing were taken into account and results are shown for a one, two and three pump LSS. Considering the introduced methods an effective way for reducing systematic losses up to 40% is shown in this exemplary case.
Characteristics Prediction of Vane Pump With Rich Gases Containing Hydraulic Oil
Authors: Nakamura Yoshinari , Yakabe Sinji , Suzuki Kazunari , Watanabe Hirohito , Tsukiji Tetsuhiro 
Published: November 2016

In recent years, fuel consumption of vehicles has been remarkably improved by some cutting edge technologies (e.g., hybrid electric vehicles, non-idling systems). In-vehicle equipment is also required to improve efficiency. The vane pumps used to control power steering and transmissions must demonstrate maximum performance, even under high temperature conditions and with rich gases contained in hydraulic oil. Precise recognition of the dynamics of pump inner flow can help in the design and development of vane pumps.
In this study, the 3-dimensional CFD is adopted to analyze the characteristics of inner flow dynamics of vane pumps. Since the gases contained in hydraulic oil influence the characteristics of vane pumps, the two-phase flow model with cavitation is assumed in particular. First, this CFD was verified by comparison with experimental results which were carried out at higher rotational speeds and with oil containing a high level of gas; the results showed the error of the suction flow rate could be as little as 5% or less. Internal pressure in the vane chambers was then studied to identify the relationship between the cavitation model and the contained gas ratio of the oil. The simulation results further clarified that the gas clouds deformed by pump rotation could restrict the flow of the suction ports.