bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of Discrete‐Type Cores for Secondary Coils of Wireless Power Transfer System for Railway
Authors: SHIMODE DAISUKE , MURAI TOSHIAKI , SAWADA TADASHI 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYThis paper examines the shapes of cores for secondary coils of the wireless power transfer (WPT) system for a railway. An infinitely long cable‐type coil is utilized as the primary coil for the WPT system because it is economical. Thus, this paper examines the ferrite core shapes for the secondary coils that are suitable for an infinitely long primary coil. The cores should be as thin as possible to reduce weight. However, bonding small cores to manufacture larger thin cores reduces the performance of the secondary coils. As a result, the cores are paradoxically required to be thicker. Therefore, this paper proposes the adaptation of thicker discrete‐type cores with the same volume as conventional flat‐type cores for the secondary coils.
Comparison of facility type outcomes for oral cavity cancer: Analysis of the national cancer database
Authors: Rubin Samuel J. , Cohen Michael B. , Kirke Diana N. , Qureshi Muhammad M. , Truong Minh Tam , Jalisi Scharukh 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveDetermine whether facility type effects overall survival in patients with oral cavity cancer.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsPatients included in the National Cancer Database who were diagnosed with oral cavity cancer between 1998 and 2011 were included in the study. Data was stratified by facility where care was provided, including community cancer programs (CCP), comprehensive community cancer programs (CCCP), and academic centers (AC). Univariate analysis was performed using analysis of variance, chi squared, and log‐rank test, whereas multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression.ResultsA total of 32,510 patients were included in the study, with 7.58% of patients receiving care at CCPs (n = 2,553), 39.53% at CCCPs (n = 12,852), and 52.61% at ACs (n = 17,105). Between 1998 and 2011, there was a greater percentage of patients receiving care at ACs, and a greater percentage of patients receiving surgical therapy versus nonsurgical therapy. Patients treated at ACs had the best 5‐year overall survival of 51.26%, with a significant difference across facility types (P < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, receiving care at ACs was a positive predictor of survival (hazard ratio: 0.95 95% confidence interval [0.91,0.98])).ConclusionPatients treated at ACs are more likely to receive surgical treatment, and have a greater 5‐year overall survival compared to those patients treated at CCPs and CCCPs. Therefore, we advocate referring patients with advanced oral cavity cancers to ACs.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:2551–2557, 2017
Laryngeal surgical treatment in transgender women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Schwarz Karine , Fontanari Anna Martha Vaitses , Schneider Maiko Abel , Borba Soll Bianca Machado , da Silva Dhiordan Cardoso , Spritzer Poli Mara , Kazumi Yamaguti Dorfman Maria Elza , Kuhl Gabriel , Costa Angelo Brandelli , Cielo Carla Aparecida , Villas Bôas Anna Paula , Lobato Maria Inês Rodrigues 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo identify the effects of laryngeal surgical treatment in the voice of transgender women, especially on the fundamental frequency (f0).Study DesignWe performed a systematic review in PubMed and Scopus in July 2016, covering the period between 2005 and 2016.MethodsInclusion criteria were studies in English or Portuguese about the laryngeal surgical treatment in transgender women, featuring experimental design, title, year of publication, country of origin, journal of publication, participants, intervention, results. For the meta‐analysis, only studies that had control group were selected. Exclusion criteria were articles that mentioned the use of surgical techniques but did not use the procedure in research, animal studies, studies of revision, and postmortem studies.ResultsFour hundred and twenty‐three articles were identified in the initial search; 94 were selected for analysis by two referees, independently. After applying all the selection criteria, five studies remained in the meta‐analysis. The surgical procedures that were identified included laryngoplasty with or without thyrohyoid approximation, Wendler glottoplasty, cricothyroid approximation, laser glottoplasty reduction and the vocal fold shortening and retrodisplacement of anterior commissure. There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in relation to f0.ConclusionNo randomized clinical trials and prospective cohort studies are available, and a small number of retrospective cohort and case‐control studies of surgical techniques reveal an increase in the f0. The evidence produced is not conclusive regarding which surgical technique would be better for vocal treatment of transgender women.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:2596–2603, 2017
Engineering Porous Water‐Responsive Poly(PEG/PCL/PDMS Urethane) Shape Memory Polymers
Authors: Ang Jie Ying , Chan Benjamin Qi Yu , Kai Dan , Loh Xian Jun 
Published: July 2017

Porous and bulk water‐responsive urethane‐based shape memory polymers (SMPs) containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(caprolactone), and poly(dimethylsiloxane) are fabricated. The copolymers are processed by electrospinning to achieve porous structures. Shape fixation and recovery are achieved via the solvation and recrystallization of the hydrophilic PEG switching segment. Mechanical testing is performed to determine the SMP functionality. Water uptake rate for porous SMP is found to be higher than bulk SMP partly due to higher surface area for water contact. This enables porous structure water‐responsive SMPs to recover faster compared to bulk SMPs. The water‐responsive SMP exhibits good extents of shape fixity and shape recovery when immersed in water (≈35 °C). Different actuation times can be achieved based on the total surface area and efficiency of water‐entry into the polymer.
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Vom Atom zum Bauteil und zurück
Authors: Hartmaier Alexander 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungForschungsvorhaben wie die „Materials Genome Initiative“ haben zum Ziel, Werkstoffe skalenüberbrückend zu beschreiben. Die einzelnen Elemente ihrer Mikrostrukturen spielen dabei eine ähnliche Rolle wie das Genom einer Zelle in der Biologie. Das genaue Verständnis des Zusammenhangs zwischen der Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und ihren makroskopischen Eigenschaften soll es ermöglichen, diese zielgerichtet für bestimmte Anwendungen zu designen. Auf der Mikroskala können physikalische Ab‐initio‐Modelle ihren Vorteil einer hohen Vorhersagekraft ausspielen, zudem benötigen sie wenige freie Parameter. Da die Rechenkapazität von Computern beschränkt ist, erfordert die skalenüberbrückende Materialmodellierung ein geschicktes Kombinieren von mikro‐, meso‐ und makroskopischen Ansätzen.
Cooling rate controlled microstructure evolution through flash DSC and enhanced energy density in P(VDF–CTFE) for capacitor application
Authors: Chen Ying‐Xin , Lu Hong‐Wei , Shen Zhong‐Wang , Li Zhao-Lei , Shen Qun‐Dong 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based polymers are attracting tremendous interest because of their potential applications in advanced energy storage devices. Fundamental understanding of their crystal structure evolution has been proved elusive due to the nature of rapid crystallization rate. Fortunately, flash differential scanning calorimeter (Flash DSC) with a precise control of cooling rate helps to investigate an understanding of structure–property relationships. For the first time, a bimodal distribution of the crystallization rate of P(VDF‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) (CTFE) in the whole temperature range, and a 3D profile of melting point and enthalpy dependence of annealing temperature and time, which is the corresponding crystal structure evolution and the mechanism of crystal nucleation and growth, are revealed by flash DSC. Based on the above conclusions, fast cooling or annealing at low temperature regulates the crystallization behavior, favors a tiny ferroelectric β‐phases, drastically reduces paraelectric spherulite sizes, and leads to greatly enhanced energy storage capacity, but reduction in discharged efficiency. For instance, compared with other processing methods, P(VDF‐CTFE) quenched by liquid nitrogen achieves the highest discharged energy of 10.6 J cm−3 at the maximum electric field of 270 MV m−1. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1245–1253
Monitoring drought in Ghana using TAMSAT‐ALERT: a new decision support system
Authors: Brown Matt , Black Emily , Asfaw Dagmawi , Otu‐Larbi Fred 
Published: July 2017

Approximately 886 million people in Africa rely on agriculture as their main means of survival. They are therefore susceptible to changes in seasonal rains from year to year that can result in agricultural drought. Agricultural drought is determined by low soil moisture content. Soil moisture responds to rainfall, but also depends on many other factors, including the soil characteristics and, crucially, on the past soil moisture.Here we demonstrate that predictive skill can be gained from knowledge of the current state of the land surface – how wet or dry the soil is – as the growing season evolves. This skill arises from the land surface memory – the soil moisture content at a particular time depends to a large extent on the historical soil moisture.By forcing a land surface model with observed data up to a ‘present day’ and then forward in time with climatological data (to represent the range of possible future conditions) we show that it is possible to be confident of an ensuing agricultural drought several weeks before the end of the growing season. This system is illustrated using results from an operational trial for Tamale in northern Ghana.
In this issue of Weather
Authors: Galvin Jim 
Published: July 2017

This month, we publish four papers that were written following presentations at last year’s RMetS Student Conference. They cover a wide range of subjects, demonstrating the health of meteorological science in the UK and the importance of weather data. The students were each the lead authors of their articles.We begin with ‘The role of cyclone clustering during the stormy winter of 2013/2014’ by Matthew Priestley, Joaquim Pinto, Helen Dacre and Len Shaffrey on p. 187. This paper outlines the evidence that depressions may deepen rapidly in association with Rossby‐wave breaking. This was seen in particular during the winter of 2013/14, when many depressions became storms, having crossed the Atlantic along a similar course to enter the left exit of a persistent strong high‐level jet stream. Some of these deep depressions bring storm‐force winds into Europe and so may be associated with significant damage and possible loss of life.Next, we move south. In ‘Does high‐resolution modelling improve the spatial analysis of föhn flow over the Larsen C Ice Shelf?’ on p. 192, J V Turton, A Kirchgaessner, A N Ross and J C King examine the advances made as model resolution improves, as well as the remaining shortcomings. The Larsen  C Ice Shelf lies to the east of the mountainous Antarctic Peninsula and is often subject to the warm dry winds associated with lee flow. Föhn winds aid the break‐up of the ice shelf and improvements in our knowledge can be important for the operations of scientists in the area – not least the British Antarctic Survey.Next, we move to the effects of the monsoon‐dominated climate of West Africa. Preparedness allows farmers to take measures to protect against drought. Matt Brown, Emily Black, Dagmawi Asfaw and Fred Otu‐Larbi examine a method to predict drought during the growing season in the relatively dry Sahel zone in ‘Monitoring drought in Ghana using TAMSAT‐ALERT: a new decision support system’ on p. 201. They set out its increasing value as this prediction tool is developed, but also investigate its shortcomings. TAMSAT‐ALERT relies on satellite data, surface observations and ensemble output from the Met Office Unified Model, as well as a knowledge of evolution of soil moisture under a range of weather scenarios.The last of our Special Issue papers is on p. 206: ‘The local response of El Niño events and changing disease distribution in Tanzania’ by Rachael Reynolds, Gina Cavan and Mark Cresswell. One of the challenges presented by global climate change is the possible spread of diseases responsive to moisture and temperature, although some diseases may become restricted in a more humid world. El Niño years bring at least some of the weather likely to be seen in an anthropogenically warmed world, so this study compares disease data from recent El Niño years with those in other years.
Use of transcription activator-like effector for efficient gene modification and transcription in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Liu Pei , Wang Wei , Wei Dongzhi 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Filamentous fungi have wide applications in the field of biotechnology. The use of transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) is a powerful genome-engineering tool, which can facilitate genome editing and transcriptional modulation, and has been used for genetic modification in a variety of organisms. However, a transcription activator-like effectors nuclease (TALEN) approach has not been used in filamentous fungi so far. Here, we aimed to establish the shortest TALEN and TALE-transcription factor (TALE-TF) proteins for use in gene modification and transcription in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. The alternative tandem repeat unit of the TALEs was first established by the ligation of two isocaudamers: XbaI and SpeI, instead of the natural unit. In addition, we adopted T. reesei expression assays to monitor the activities of the TALENs and TALE-TF in vivo in T. reesei. Our results showed that TALEs are a powerful genome-manipulating tool for use in T. reesei and other filamentous fungal species and that their use might facilitate studies on functional genomics and strain improvement in these filamentous fungi.
Leg Pain From Periostitis as the First Clinical Manifestation of Large‐Vessel Vasculitis: A Case Report
Authors: Bogaert Bert , Brys Peter , Peers Koen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe report a case of a 47‐year‐old woman with isolated periostitis of the lower leg as a first manifestation of large‐vessel vasculitis. The diagnosis was first suspected when a second magnetic resonance imaging of the lower leg approximately 4 months after onset of shin pain showed edema near intramuscular vessels. Isolated periostitis is a very rare skeletal manifestation of systemic vasculitis and easily could be misdiagnosed. This case demonstrates that maintaining a broad differential diagnosis for a common presenting complaint such as localized leg pain is imperative.Level of EvidenceV
Literature as a Medium for Social and Political Activism: The Case of Mashingaidze Gomo’s A Fine Madness
Authors: Makombe Rodwell 
Published: July 2017

Abstract:Over the years, literary scholars have engaged in heated debates on the role literary artists should play in society. In the African context, this debate has been championed by scholars such as Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Chinua Achebe, and Okot p’ Bitek, among others. The central bone of contention has always been the question of self-narration. How should African writers narrate the African story (-ies) against the backdrop of slavery, colonialism, and neoliberal imperialism? In the context of these debates, this article seeks to read A Fine Madness by the Zimbabwean writer Mashingaidze Gomo (2010) as a socially and politically engaged text.
On binding, lexical and superlexical prefixes, andsiin the Baltic verb
Authors: Korostenskiene Julija 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe present paper is concerned with a historical puzzle: the changing position of the markersiin the extant Baltic languages, Lithuanian and Latvian.Siappears before the root in prefixed verbs and verb-finally in prefixless verbs in Lithuanian and dialectal Latvian, as opposed to a consistently verb-final position in standard Latvian and in Slavic languages, specifically Russian. This ordering is examined within a larger picture of morpheme linearization – focusing primarily on Lithuanian, but also bringing in Latvian and Latgalian data – to account for the Baltic paradigm. Historically a pronoun,siis argued to have incorporated into the verbal structure, and to maintain nowadays a binding relation with the subject of the sentence. The placement ofsiwithin the verb is shown to depend on two factors: the type of the antecedent and the morphosyntactic composition of the verb. The findings presented here also provide new evidence against the Lexicalist Hypothesis.
The Effect of Adding Comorbidities to Current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Central-Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection Risk-Adjustment Methodology
Authors: Jackson Sarah S. , Leekha Surbhi , Magder Laurence S. , Pineles Lisa , Anderson Deverick J. , Trick William E. , Woeltje Keith F. , Kaye Keith S. , Stafford Kristen , Thom Kerri , Lowe Timothy J. , Harris Anthony D. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDRisk adjustment is needed to fairly compare central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates between hospitals. Until 2017, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) methodology adjusted CLABSI rates only by type of intensive care unit (ICU). The 2017 CDC models also adjust for hospital size and medical school affiliation. We hypothesized that risk adjustment would be improved by including patient demographics and comorbidities from electronically available hospital discharge codes.METHODSUsing a cohort design across 22 hospitals, we analyzed data from ICU patients admitted between January 2012 and December 2013. Demographics and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) discharge codes were obtained for each patient, and CLABSIs were identified by trained infection preventionists. Models adjusting only for ICU type and for ICU type plus patient case mix were built and compared using discrimination and standardized infection ratio (SIR). Hospitals were ranked by SIR for each model to examine and compare the changes in rank.RESULTSOverall, 85,849 ICU patients were analyzed and 162 (0.2%) developed CLABSI. The significant variables added to the ICU model were coagulopathy, paralysis, renal failure, malnutrition, and age. The C statistics were 0.55 (95% CI, 0.51–0.59) for the ICU-type model and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.60–0.69) for the ICU-type plus patient case-mix model. When the hospitals were ranked by adjusted SIRs, 10 hospitals (45%) changed rank when comorbidity was added to the ICU-type model.CONCLUSIONSOur risk-adjustment model for CLABSI using electronically available comorbidities demonstrated better discrimination than did the CDC model. The CDC should strongly consider comorbidity-based risk adjustment to more accurately compare CLABSI rates across hospitals.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1019–1024
Cognitive rehabilitation for early stage Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot study with an Irish population
Authors: Kelly M. E. , Lawlor B. A. , Coen R. F. , Robertson I. H. , Brennan S. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesResearch shows that cognitive rehabilitation (CR) has the potential to improve goal performance and enhance well-being for people with early stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This single subject, multiple baseline design (MBD) research investigated the clinical efficacy of an 8-week individualised CR intervention for individuals with early stage AD.MethodsThree participants with early stage AD were recruited to take part in the study. The intervention consisted of eight sessions of 60–90 minutes of CR. Outcomes included goal performance and satisfaction, quality of life, cognitive and everyday functioning, mood, and memory self-efficacy for participants with AD; and carer burden, general mental health, quality of life, and mood of carers.ResultsVisual analysis of MBD data demonstrated a functional relationship between CR and improvements in participants’ goal performance. Subjective ratings of goal performance and satisfaction increased from baseline to post-test for three participants and were maintained at follow-up for two. Baseline to post-test quality of life scores improved for three participants, whereas cognitive function and memory self-efficacy scores improved for two.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that CR can improve goal performance, and is a socially acceptable intervention that can be implemented by practitioners with assistance from carers between sessions. This study represents one of the promising first step towards filling a practice gap in this area. Further research and randomised-controlled trials are required.
The Canadian Charter, the British Connection, and the Americanization Thesis: Toward a Montesquieuean Analysis of Rights and Their Protection
Authors: LaSelva Samuel V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article examines the Canadian Charter with reference to “the British connection” and “the Americanization thesis.” It also attempts to demonstrate the importance of Montesquieu'sThe Spirit of the Lawsin addressing these issues. Pierre Trudeau insisted that a Charter of Human Rights would provide Canadians with a new beginning and settle difficult questions about the Canadian identity. His critics said that fundamental rights were already protected because Canada had a constitution similar in principle to the United Kingdom, and that the proposed Charter was a step in the Americanization of Canada. What a Montesquieuean analysis helps to identify are significant limitations in both “the British connection” account and “the Americanization thesis.” And, by the avoiding the abstract universalism of Trudeau's “inalienable rights” theorizing and Dworkin's “rights as trumps” regime, a Montesquieuean analysis also helps to demonstrate the distinctiveness of Canadian constitutionalism from Confederation to the Charter.
Beyond Special Privileges: The Discretionary Treatment of Ethnic Minorities in China's Welfare System
Authors: HASMATH REZA , MACDONALD ANDREW W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe social welfare of ethnic minorities is a contested subject with a deep politicalised history in contemporary China. This article uses a new large dataset solely looking at ethnic minorities in China, to analyse the impact and outcomes that new urban social and welfare schemes – with notable attention to the basic medical insurance, and the minimum livelihood guarantee allowance (dibao) – have on the livelihoods of minorities. The data suggests that, contrary to the pro-minority rhetoric of the state, minority participation in social welfare programmes is predicated on the incentive set of local government officials. These findings have strong implications for constructing future social welfare policies, and for understanding their potential differential impact on ethnic minority cohorts.
Conditional tax competition in American states
Authors: Arel-Bundock Vincent , Parinandi Srinivas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCross-border commercial activity raises issues in federations where multiple jurisdictions can claim the right to tax the same income. In the United States, this coordination problem is resolved by splitting the tax base according to the geographic distribution of firms’ sales, capital and labour. The weight of each factor is determined on a state-by-state basis, which opens room for competitive legislative behaviour. In this complex issue area, however, policymakers must invest lot of resources to monitor competitors, evaluate policy alternatives and shepherd tax reform through the legislative process. This implies that highly professional legislatures should be more responsive to the policies of nearby states. We consider data on most American states over the period from 1986 to 2013 and find strong evidence ofconditional spatial dependence. Our findings suggest that policy diffusion may often be moderated by institutional and political factors.