bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Death Due to Complications of Bowel Obstruction Following Raw Poppy Seed Ingestion
Authors: Schuppener Leah M. , Corliss Robert F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEating poppy seeds can cause a positive urine drug screen, but it is unknown whether ingesting large quantities can result in opiate intoxication or toxicity. A 54‐year‐old woman with intractable vomiting was found unresponsive at home and later pronounced dead. At autopsy, a cast‐like large bowel obstruction composed of poppy seeds was identified. Postmortem blood morphine level was < 10 ng/mL. Cause of death was determined to be complications of a bowel obstruction secondary to poppy seed ingestion. Deaths related to eating poppy seeds have not been described in the literature. This case illustrates that consuming raw poppy seeds in large quantities did not cause lethal opiate toxicity. However, overdose deaths associated with ingesting poppy seed tea (PST) have been described. Poppy seed derivatives should be considered a potential source in cases of opiate toxicity without evidence of prescription or street drug abuse.
Controlled clinical trial exploring the impact of a brief intervention for prevention of falls in an emergency department
Authors: Harper Kristie J , Barton Annette D , Arendts Glenn , Edwards Deborah G , Petta Antonio C , Celenza Antonio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the effectiveness of a brief intervention to prevent falls in older patients presenting to the ED post‐discharge.MethodsThe present study is a prospective single‐centre, quasi‐randomised controlled clinical trial of a brief targeted educational intervention to prevent falls. The intervention group received brief scripted education and were advised of their percentage probability of falling in the next 6 months. The key message was to reinforce the importance of falls prevention strategies and the seriousness of falls.ResultsA total of 412 over 65 years old were recruited; 63 (32.1%) patients in the intervention group and 67 (36.8%) in the control group reported falls in the 6 month follow up period (OR 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53–1.25, P = 0.34). No significant differences were noted for mortalities (P = 0.54), ED representations (P = 0.15) and medication changes (P = 0.17). Patients receiving intervention had less hospital admissions (P = 0.002) after adjustment for confounding variables. Intervention patients who presented with a fall had significant (P = 0.007) improvement in function at 6 months, whereas those not presenting with a fall experienced functional decline.ConclusionA brief intervention was associated with maintenance of function in fallers and reduced hospital admissions, without preventing falls post‐discharge.
Malignancies in Korean patients with immunoglobulin G4‐related disease
Authors: Ahn Sung Soo , Song Jason Jungsik , Park Yong‐Beom , Lee Sang‐Won 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimSeveral studies have implicated increased risk of malignancy in patients with immunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD). Hence, we first evaluated the risk and the type of malignancy in Korean IgG4‐RD patients.MethodClinical and laboratory results of patients fulfilling the comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4‐RD were retrospectively collected between January 2006 and November 2015. One hundred and eighteen patients were included, and 35 were classified as having definite, 83 as possible/probable IgG4‐RD. We compared baseline clinical and laboratory variables between patients with definite and those with possible/probable IgG4‐RD and calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for malignancies.ResultsThe median age was 60 years old and 91 patients (77.1%) were male. Malignancies were found in 12 of 118 patients (10.1%), and lymphoma (4, 25.0%) was the most frequent malignancy related to IgG4‐RD. Definite IgG4‐RD patients had higher serum IgG levels and frequent multiple organ involvement. The overall incidence of malignancy was increased in patients with IgG4‐RD compared to the general population (SIR 23.08 [95% CI 11.92–40.31]), and the overall risk of SIRs was highest in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR 400.00 [95% CI 109.00–1024.00]).ConclusionOur data showed that increased risk of malignancy, especially lymphomas, was observed in Korean IgG4‐RD patients.
Concept Analysis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Sekhon Bikram 
Published: May 2017

PURPOSEMental health nursing is not the same as psychiatry, so it is important for nurses to have an understanding of the defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, model cases, and empirical referents of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
METHODWalker and Avant's (2005) method is used to guide this concept analysis of PTSD.FINDINGSFour attributes arise from this concept analysis, which are addressed through both the DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 (American Psychiatric Association, /): triggering event or events, re‐experiencing, fear, and helplessness. Though a majority of the defining attributes are addressed through both versions of the DSM, a key fifth attribute arises through this concept analysis: a disruption of meaning.CONCLUSIONSA better understanding of PTSD from a nursing perspective will help inform appropriate nursing interventions and prevention strategies, while expanding the knowledge synthesis and contribution of the nursing profession.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONSA model case, borderline case, and contrary case of PTSD are provided. Discussion of the importance of a lack or loss of meaning in PTSD is included, along with exploration of transformative learning theory to inform clinical practice for nurses addressing a disruption of meaning.
Ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐disuccinic acid mitigates salt‐stress damages in strawberry by interfering with effects on the plant ionome
Authors: Aslantas R. , Angin I. , Kose M. , Bernstein N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study evaluated the hypothesis that the organic chelant ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐disuccinic acid (EDDS) mitigates plant damage under salinity, and that this is accomplished by EDDS‐induced effects on cation uptake. Damaging effects of salinity on plants often involve inhibited uptake of nutritional cations, such as K and Ca, and excessive accumulation of Na. Therefore, mechanisms that improve uptake of K and Ca, or reduce Na uptake, have a potential for ameliorating salinity damages. Organic chelants increase heavy‐metal cation availability at the site of uptake and increase their uptake by the roots or in planta transport. Although organic chelants are routinely used in agriculture to enhance uptake of heavy‐metal cations into plants, and for soil bioremediation, their effect on uptake of cation‐macronutrients is not known, and neither is their impact on plant function under salinity. In this study, we evaluated the response of strawberry plants to EDDS application (0, 1, 3 and 5 mmol kg soil−1), under six levels of NaCl (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mmol L−1). EDDS application under salinity improved vegetative development, as well as reproductive growth and chlorophyll content, with statistically significant interaction between chelant dosage and level of salinity. The mitigation of salinity damage by EDDS occurred at high salinity treatments (from 9 mM NaCl). Application rates of 1–3 mmol EDDS kg−1 were optimal for mitigating salinity effects on reproductive development, but in accordance with the extent of chelant‐induced accumulation of the macronutrients K, Ca and P in the leaves, higher application rates (3–5 mmol EDDS kg−1) were required for optimal improvement of vegetative development. These results suggest that EDDS improves plant function under mild salinities by interfering with salinity effects on the plant ionome.
Biochemical isolation of myonuclei employed to define changes to the myonuclear proteome that occur with aging
Authors: Cutler Alicia A. , Dammer Eric B. , Doung Duc M. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Corbett Anita H. , Pavlath Grace K. 
Published: May 2017

SummarySkeletal muscle aging is accompanied by loss of muscle mass and strength. Examining changes in myonuclear proteins with age would provide insight into molecular processes which regulate these profound changes in muscle physiology. However, muscle tissue is highly adapted for contraction and thus comprised largely of contractile proteins making the nuclear proteins difficult to identify from whole muscle samples. By developing a method to purify myonuclei from whole skeletal muscle, we were able to collect myonuclei for analysis by flow cytometry, biochemistry, and mass spectrometry. Nuclear purification dramatically increased the number and intensity of nuclear proteins detected by mass spectrometry compared to whole tissue. We exploited this increased proteomic depth to investigate age‐related changes to the myonuclear proteome. Nuclear levels of 54 of 779 identified proteins (7%) changed significantly with age; these proteins were primarily involved in chromatin maintenance and RNA processing. To determine whether the changes we detected were specific to myonuclei or were common to nuclei of excitatory tissues, we compared aging in myonuclei to aging in brain nuclei. Although several of the same processes were affected by aging in both brain and muscle nuclei, the specific proteins involved in these alterations differed between the two tissues. Isolating myonuclei allowed a deeper view into the myonuclear proteome than previously possible facilitating identification of novel age‐related changes in skeletal muscle. Our technique will enable future studies into a heretofore underrepresented compartment of skeletal muscle.
Genetic variation and genetic structure of five Chinese indigenous pig populations in Jiangsu Province revealed by sequencing data
Authors: Xiao Q. , Zhang Z. , Sun H. , Yang H. , Xue M. , Liu X. , Zhang W. , Zhen Y. , Zhu M. , Wang Q. , Pan Y. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIn this study, we investigated the genetic variants, including SNPs and indels (short insertions or deletions, less than 50 bp in length), in the genomes and genetic structures of five pig populations (in the northern Taihu Lake region, Jiangsu Province) using the genotyping by genome reducing and sequencing (GGRS) approach. A total of 581 million good reads with an average depth of 11× and an average coverage of 2.16% were used to call variants. In general, 202 106 SNPs and 34 415 indels were obtained, of which 2690 SNPs and 224 indels were capable of inducing protein‐coding changes. The genes containing these variants were extracted for functional annotation. The results of gene enrichment analysis revealed that the SNPs under investigation may be associated with reproduction, disease resistance, meat quality and adipose tissue traits, whereas the indels were associated mainly with adipose tissue and disease. Analysis of the genetic structure showed that each population displayed comparable, large differentiations from the others, indicating their uniqueness. In conclusion, the results of our study provide the first genomic overview of the genetic variants and population structures of five Chinese indigenous pig populations.
Psoriasis in those planning a family, pregnant or breast‐feeding. The Australasian Psoriasis Collaboration
Authors: Rademaker Marius , Agnew Karen , Andrews Megan , Armour Katherine , Baker Chris , Foley Peter , Frew John , Gebauer Kurt , Gupta Monisha , Kennedy Debra , Marshman Gillian , Sullivan John 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Australasian Psoriasis Collaboration has reviewed the evidence for managing moderate to severe psoriasis in those who are pregnant or are breast‐feeding, or planning a family. The severity of the psoriasis, associated comorbidities and specific anti‐psoriasis treatment, along with other exposures, can have a deleterious effect on pregnancy outcomes. Psoriasis itself increases the risk of preterm and low birthweight babies, along with spontaneous and induced abortions, but no specific birth defects have been otherwise demonstrated. The baseline risk for a live born baby to have a major birth defect is 3%, and significant neuro‐developmental problem is 5%. In Australia, pregnant women with psoriasis are more likely to be overweight or obese, depressed, or smoke in their first trimester, and are also less likely to take prenatal vitamins or supplements. Preconception counselling to improve maternal, pregnancy and baby health is therefore strongly encouraged. The topical and systemic therapies commonly used in psoriasis are each discussed separately, with regards to pregnancy exposure, breast‐feeding and effects on male fertility and mutagenicity. The systemic therapies included are acitretin, adalimumab, apremilast, certolizumab, ciclosporin, etanercept, infliximab, ixekizumab, methotrexate, NBUVB, prednisone, PUVA, secukinumab and ustekinumab. The topical therapies include dithranol (anthralin), calcipotriol, coal tar, corticosteroids (weak, potent and super‐potent), moisturisers, salicylic acid, tacrolimus, and tazarotene. As a general recommendation, effective drugs that have been widely used for years are preferable to newer alternatives with less foetal safety data. It is equally important to evaluate the risks of not treating, as severe untreated disease may negatively impact both mother and the foetus.
Change of transfusion and treatment paradigm in major trauma patients
Authors: Stein P. , Kaserer A. , Sprengel K. , Wanner G. A. , Seifert B. , Theusinger O. M. , Spahn D. R. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryTrauma promotes trauma‐induced coagulopathy, which requires urgent treatment with fixed‐ratio transfusions of red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma and platelet concentrates, or goal‐directed administration of coagulation factors based on viscoelastic testing. This retrospective observational study compared two time periods before (2005–2007) and after (2012–2014) the implementation of changes in trauma management protocols which included: use of goal‐directed coagulation management; admission of patients to designated trauma centres; whole‐body computed tomography scanning on admission; damage control surgery; permissive hypotension; restrictive fluid resuscitation; and administration of tranexamic acid. The incidence of massive transfusion (≥ 10 units of red blood cells from emergency department arrival until intensive care unit admission) was compared with the predicted incidence according to the trauma associated severe haemorrhage score. All adult (≥ 16 years) trauma patients primarily admitted to the University Hospital Zürich with an injury severity score ≥ 16 were included. In 2005–2007, the observed and trauma associated severe haemorrhage score that predicted the incidence of massive transfusion were identical, whereas in 2012–2014 the observed incidence was less than half that predicted (3.7% vs. 7.5%). Compared to 2005–2007, the proportion of patients transfused with red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma was significantly lower in 2012–2014 in both the emergency department (43% vs. 17%; 31% vs. 6%, respectively), and after 24 h (53% vs. 27%; 37% vs. 16%, respectively). The use of tranexamic acid and coagulation factor XIII also increased significantly in the 2012–2014 time period. Implementation of a revised trauma management strategy, which included goal‐directed coagulation management, was associated with a reduced incidence of massive transfusion and a reduction in the transfusion of red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma.
An in vitro model demonstrates the potential of neoplastic human germ cells to influence the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Klein B. , Schuppe H.‐C. , Bergmann M. , Hedger M. P. , Loveland B. E. , Loveland K. L. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryTesticular germ cell tumours (TGCT) typically contain high numbers of infiltrating immune cells, yet the functional nature and consequences of interactions between GCNIS (germ cell neoplasia in situ) or seminoma cells and immune cells remain unknown. A co‐culture model using the seminoma‐derived TCam‐2 cell line and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, n = 7 healthy donors) was established to investigate how tumour and immune cells each contribute to the cytokine microenvironment associated with TGCT. Three different co‐culture approaches were employed: direct contact during culture to simulate in situ cellular interactions occurring within seminomas (n = 9); indirect contact using well inserts to mimic GCNIS, in which a basement membrane separates the neoplastic germ cells and immune cells (n = 3); and PBMC stimulation prior to direct contact during culture to overcome the potential lack of immune cell activation (n = 3). Transcript levels for key cytokines in PBMC and TCam‐2 cell fractions were determined using RT‐qPCR. TCam‐2 cell fractions showed an immediate increase (within 24 h) in several cytokine mRNAs after direct contact with PBMC, whereas immune cell fractions did not. The high levels of interleukin‐6 (IL6) mRNA and protein associated with TCam‐2 cells implicate this cytokine as important to seminoma physiology. Use of PBMCs from different donors revealed a robust, repeatable pattern of changes in TCam‐2 and PBMC cytokine mRNAs, independent of potential inter‐donor variation in immune cell responsiveness. This in vitro model recapitulated previous data from clinical TGCT biopsies, revealing similar cytokine expression profiles and indicating its suitability for exploring the in vivo circumstances of TGCT. Despite the limitations of using a cell line to mimic in vivo events, these results indicate how neoplastic germ cells can directly shape the surrounding tumour microenvironment, including by influencing local immune responses. IL6 production by seminoma cells may be a practical target for early diagnosis and/or treatment of TGCT.
Decellularized Human Liver Is Too Heterogeneous for Designing a Generic Extracellular Matrix Mimic Hepatic Scaffold
Authors: Mattei Giorgio , Magliaro Chiara , Pirone Andrea , Ahluwalia Arti 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDecellularized human livers are considered the perfect extracellular matrix (ECM) surrogate because both three‐dimensional architecture and biological features of the hepatic microenvironment are thought to be preserved. However, donor human livers are in chronically short supply, both for transplantation or as decellularized scaffolds, and will become even scarcer as life expectancy increases. It is hence of interest to determine the structural and biochemical properties of human hepatic ECM to derive design criteria for engineering biomimetic scaffolds. The intention of this work was to obtain quantitative design specifications for fabricating scaffolds for hepatic tissue engineering using human livers as a template. To this end, hepatic samples from five patients scheduled for hepatic resection were decellularized using a protocol shown to reproducibly conserve matrix composition and microstructure in porcine livers. The decellularization outcome was evaluated through histological and quantitative image analyses to evaluate cell removal, protein, and glycosaminoglycan content per unit area. Applying the same decellularization protocol to human liver samples obtained from five different patients yielded five different outcomes. Only one liver out of five was completely decellularized, while the other four showed different levels of remaining cells and matrix. Moreover, protein and glycosaminoglycan content per unit area after decellularization were also found to be patient‐ (or donor‐) dependent. This donor‐to‐donor variability of human livers thus precludes their use as templates for engineering a generic “one‐size fits all” ECM‐mimic hepatic scaffold.
Temporal overexpression of SIRT1 in skeletal muscle of adult mice does not improve insulin sensitivity or markers of mitochondrial biogenesis
Authors: Svensson K. , LaBarge S. A. , Martins V. F. , Schenk S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsActivation of the NAD+ dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1 has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to treat mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. However, lifelong overexpression of SIRT1 in skeletal muscle does not improve parameters of mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity. In this study, we investigated whether temporal overexpression of SIRT1 in muscle of adult mice would affect skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity.MethodsTo circumvent potential effects of germline SIRT1 overexpression, we utilized an inducible model of SIRT1 overexpression in skeletal muscle of adult mice (i‐mOX). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by 2‐deoxyglucose uptake, muscle maximal respiratory function by high‐resolution respirometry and systemic energy expenditure was assessed by whole body calorimetry.ResultsAlthough SIRT1 was highly, and specifically, overexpressed in skeletal muscle of i‐mOX compared to WT mice, glucose tolerance and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity were comparable between genotypes. Additionally, markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle maximal respiratory function and whole‐body oxygen consumption were also unaffected by SIRT1 overexpression.ConclusionThese results support previous work demonstrating that induction of SIRT1 in skeletal muscle, either at birth or in adulthood, does not impact muscle insulin action or mitochondrial function.
Did some red alga‐derived plastids evolve via kleptoplastidy? A hypothesis
Authors: Bodył Andrzej 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe evolution of plastids has a complex and still unresolved history. These organelles originated from a cyanobacterium via primary endosymbiosis, resulting in three eukaryotic lineages: glaucophytes, red algae, and green plants. The red and green algal plastids then spread via eukaryote–eukaryote endosymbioses, known as secondary and tertiary symbioses, to numerous heterotrophic protist lineages. The number of these horizontal plastid transfers, especially in the case of red alga‐derived plastids, remains controversial. Some authors argue that the number of plastid origins should be minimal due to perceived difficulties in the transformation of a eukaryotic algal endosymbiont into a multimembrane plastid, but increasingly the available data contradict this argument. I suggest that obstacles in solving this dilemma result from the acceptance of a single evolutionary scenario for the endosymbiont‐to‐plastid transformation formulated by Cavalier‐Smith & Lee (1985). Herein I discuss data that challenge this evolutionary scenario. Moreover, I propose a new model for the origin of multimembrane plastids belonging to the red lineage and apply it to the dinoflagellate peridinin plastid. The new model has several general and practical implications, such as the requirement for a new definition of cell organelles and in the construction of chimeric organisms.
Fine litterfall in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Martinelli Luiz A. , Lins Sílvia R. M. , dos Santos‐Silva Jéssica C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLitterfall is an essential component of tropical forest productivity, transferring nutrients from the vegetation back to soils. Here, we summarize the data from 105 estimates of fine litterfall production from 45 sites in the Atlantic Forest domain, including two types of forests, evergreen and seasonal, and two successional stages, secondary and old growth. The overall litterfall average was 8.0 ± 2.5 Mg/ha. Litterfall was significantly in higher seasonal forests than in evergreen forests and in old growth versus secondary forests. Leaves were the major component of litterfall, contributing 68 percent to the total. The second most important component was branches, contributing 22 percent, followed by reproductive organs (flowers and fruits), at 6 percent. Accurate measurements of tropical forest productivity are crucial for estimating their role in sequestering atmospheric carbon, and we suggest some ways to standardize litterfall sampling to obtain better estimates.