bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Characteristics, and Treatment Strategy of Different Types of Heart Failure in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Xia Yulong , Jiang Jie , Fan Fangfang , Pan Yannan , Zhou Jing , Zhang Yan , Li Jianping , Liu Jun , Yang Na , Hao Yongchen , Zhao Dong , Liu Jing , Ma Changsheng , Huo Yong ,   CCC‐AF investigators
Published: September 2024

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in patients with heart failure (HF). Epidemiological data regarding HF in patients with AF are lacking. We describe the epidemiology, clinical features, treatment strategies, and in‐hospital outcomes in patients with AF and HF.

Methods and Results
Patients with HF and nonvalvular AF in the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China‐AF cohort from February 2015 to December 2019 were included. Patients were stratified by left ventricular ejection fraction into HF with reduced EF, HF with mildly reduced EF, and HF with preserved EF groups. The primary outcome was the occurrence of hospitalization for major adverse cardiovascular events, including death, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and stroke. Overall, 16 562 patients with AF and HF were included (mean age: 72.35±11.07 years; 46.1% female). HF with preserved EF (63.1%) accounted for the largest proportion, followed by HF with mildly reduced EF (19.0%) and HF with reduced EF (17.9%). Different HF subtypes in patients with AF had unique baseline demographic and clinical characteristics after multinomial logistic regression analysis. Compared with the HF with preserved EF group, hospitalization for major adverse cardiovascular events was increased in the HF with mildly reduced EF group (odds ratio=1.55 [95% CI, 1.18–2.03]) and HF with reduced EF group (odds ratio 1.60 [95% CI, 1.21–2.13]) after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions
In this large Chinese AF registry, the distribution of HF differed from the non‐AF population. Patients with AF with different types of HF have unique demographic and clinical characteristics. Occurrence rates of in‐hospital outcomes were higher in patients with HF with mildly reduced EF and patients with HF with reduced EF compared with the HF with preserved EF group.

Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02309398.
Selection of Home Treatment and Identification of Low‐Risk Patients With Pulmonary Embolism Based on Simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index Score in the Era of Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Nishikawa Ryusuke , Yamashita Yugo , Morimoto Takeshi , Kaneda Kazuhisa , Chatani Ryuki , Nishimoto Yuji , Ikeda Nobutaka , Kobayashi Yohei , Ikeda Satoshi , Kim Kitae , Inoko Moriaki , Takase Toru , Tsuji Shuhei , Oi Maki , Takada Takuma , Otsui Kazunori , Sakamoto Jiro , Ogihara Yoshito , Inoue Takeshi , Usami Shunsuke , Chen Po‐Min , Togi Kiyonori , Koitabashi Norimichi , Hiramori Seiichi , Doi Kosuke , Mabuchi Hiroshi , Tsuyuki Yoshiaki , Murata Koichiro , Takabayashi Kensuke , Nakai Hisato , Sueta Daisuke , Shioyama Wataru , Dohke Tomohiro , Ono Koh , Kimura Takeshi ,   COMMAND VTE Registry‐2 Investigators
Published: September 2024

Background
The simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) score could help identify low‐risk patients with pulmonary embolism for home treatment. However, the application of the sPESI score and selection for home treatment have not been fully evaluated in the direct oral anticoagulants era.

Methods and Results

The COMMAND VTE (Contemporary Management and Outcomes in Patients With Venous Thromboembolism) Registry‐2 is a multicenter registry enrolling consecutive patients with acute symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The current study population consists of 2496 patients with hemodynamically stable pulmonary embolism (2100 patients [84%] treated with direct oral anticoagulants), who were divided into 2 groups: sPESI scores of 0 and ≥1. We investigated the 30‐day mortality, home treatment prevalence, and factors predisposing to home treatment using the Kaplan‐Meier method and logistic regression model. Patients with an sPESI score of 0 accounted for 612 (25%) patients, and only 17% among 532 patients with out‐of‐hospital pulmonary embolism were treated at home. The cumulative 30‐day mortality was lower in patients with an sPESI score of 0 than the score of ≥1 (0% and 4.8%, log‐rank
P
<0.001). There was no patient with 30‐day mortality with an sPESI score of 0. Independent factors for home treatment among out‐of‐hospital pulmonary embolism patients with an sPESI score of 0 were no transient risk factors for venous thromboembolism, no cardiac biomarker elevation, and direct oral anticoagulants use in the acute phase.

Conclusions
The 30‐day mortality rate was notably low in an sPESI score of 0. Nevertheless, only a minority of patients with an sPESI score of 0 were treated at home between 2015 and 2020 after the introduction of direct oral anticoagulants for venous thromboembolismin Japan.
Low Frequency Ventilation During Cardiopulmonary Bypass to Protect Postoperative Lung Function in Cardiac Valvular Surgery: The PROTECTION Phase II Randomized Trial
Authors: Rogers Chris A. , Mazza Graziella , Maishman Rachel , Thirard Russell , Evans Jonathan , de Jesus Samantha , Beard Chloe , Angelini Gianni , Millar Ann , Jarad Nabil , Tomkins Sally , Hillier James , Suleiman M‐Saadeh , Ascione Raimondo 
Published: September 2024

Background
Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) triggers pulmonary injury. In this trial we assessed the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of low frequency ventilation (LFV) during CPB in patients undergoing valvular surgery.

Methods and Results
Patients with severe mitral or aortic valve disease were randomized to either LFV or usual care. Primary outcomes included release of generic inflammatory and vascular biomarkers and the lung‐specific biomarker sRAGE (soluble receptor for advance glycation end products) up to 24 hours postsurgery. Secondary outcomes included pulmonary function tests and 6‐minute walking test up to 8 weeks postdischarge. Sixty‐three patients were randomized (33 LFV versus 30 usual care). Mean age was 66.8 years and 30% were female. LFV was associated with changes of sRAGE (soluble receptor for advance glycation end products) levels (geometric mean ratio, 3.05; [95% CI, 1.13–8.24] 10 minutes post CPB, and 1.07 [95% CI, 0.64–1.79], 0.84 [95% CI, 0.55–1.27], 0.67 [95% CI, 0.42–1.07], and 0.62 [95% CI, 0.45–0.85] at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours post CPB respectively). No changes were observed for any of the generic biomarkers. Respiratory index soon after surgery (mean difference, −0.61 [95% CI, −1.24 to 0.015] 10 minutes post end of CPB), forced expiratory volume after 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio (0.050 [95% CI, 0.007–0.093] at 6 to 8 weeks pos‐surgery), Forced vital capacity alone (95% CI, −0.191 L [−0.394 to 0.012]) and 6‐minute walking test score at discharge (63.2 m [95% CI, 12.9–113.6]) were better preserved in the LFV group. No other differences were noted.

Conclusions
The use of LFV during CPB in patients undergoing valvular surgery was feasible and safe and was associated with changes in sRAGE levels along with better preserved lung function and walking performance. These observations warrant further investigation in larger future studies.

Registration

URL:
https://www.isrctn.com
; Unique Identifier: ISRCTN75795633.
Antiphospholipid Antibodies Modify the Prognostic Value of Baseline Platelet Count for Clinical Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Yinan , Yang Pinni , Zhu Zhengbao , Peng Hao , Bu Xiaoqing , Xu Qingyun , Wang Aili , Chen Jing , Xu Tan , Zhang Yonghong , He Jiang 
Published: September 2024

Background
Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) have been reported to be involved in platelet‐mediated thrombosis and inflammation, but the impact on the prognosis of ischemic stroke remains unclear. We aimed to examine whether the association between baseline platelet count (PLT) and long‐term clinical outcomes within 2 years after ischemic stroke onset is modulated by aPLs.

Methods and Results

A total of 2938 patients with ischemic stroke were included in this prospective cohort study. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between the baseline PLT stratified by aPLs status and 2‐year clinical outcomes after stroke onset, and an interaction effect between PLT and aPLs on clinical outcomes was tested by likelihood ratio test. There was a significant interaction effect of aPLs and PLT on recurrent stroke (
P
interaction
=0.002) and cardiovascular events (
P
interaction
=0.001) within 2 years after stroke onset. After multivariate adjustment, high PLT was associated with increased risks of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 2.78 [95% CI, 1.03–7.45];
P
trend
=0.039) and cardiovascular events (HR, 2.58 [95% CI, 1.12–5.90];
P
trend
=0.024) when 2 extreme tertiles were compared among patients with aPL positive, but not among those with aPL negative.

Conclusions
The aPLs had a modifying effect on the association between PLT and clinical outcomes within 2 years after ischemic stroke onset. Increased PLT was associated with recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events after ischemic stroke onset among patients with aPL positive, but not in those with aPL negative.
Exploring the Impact of Hemoglobin on Cerebral Blood Flow in Arterial Territories and Surgical Outcomes: Potential Implications for Moyamoya Disease Treatment
Authors: Yu Xinfeng , Xu Duo , Hu Junwen , Yu Yannan , Wang Lin , Jiang Biao , Zhang Minming 
Published: September 2024

Background
Changes in levels of hemoglobin would result in alterations of cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, the impact of hemoglobin on CBF in moyamoya disease (MMD) remains largely unknown. This study sought to determine whether CBF would be influenced by hemoglobin before surgical revascularization and to analyze the relationships between hemoglobin and CBF with clinical outcome after surgery in patients with MMD.

Methods and Results

We prospectively enrolled adult patients with MMD undergoing surgical revascularization between June 2020 and December 2022. Preoperative CBF was measured in the territories of anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries (ACA, MCA, and PCA, respectively) using 3‐dimensional pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical outcome at 1 year after surgery was evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale. A total of 60 patients with MMD were included, with 25% (n=15) experiencing unfavorable outcomes. Patients with MMD exhibited lower CBF (ACA:
P
=0.007; MCA:
P
<0.001; PCA:
P
=0.014), compared with healthy controls (n=40). Hemoglobin was negatively and significantly associated with CBF (ACA: β=−0.45,
P
<0.001; MCA: β=−0.38,
P
<0.001; PCA: β=−0.54,
P
<0.001). CBF rather than hemoglobin was significantly related with clinical outcome (ACA:
P
<0.001; MCA:
P
<0.001; PCA:
P
=0.001), and CBF showed high discrimination in predicting clinical outcome (ACA: area under the curve, 0.84; MCA: area under the curve, 0.84; PCA: area under the curve, 0.80).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that hemoglobin significantly influences CBF, and CBF has a high predictive value for clinical outcome in MMD. The optimal hemoglobin level before surgical revascularization should be further investigated.
Metagenomic Study of the MESA: Detection of
Gemella Morbillorum
and Association With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Taylor Kent D. , Wood Alexis C. , Rotter Jerome I. , Guo Xiuqing , Herrington David M. , Johnson W. Craig , Post Wendy S. , Tracy Russell P. , Rich Stephen S. , Malik Shaista 
Published: September 2024

Background
Inflammation is a feature of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the role of proinflammatory microbial infection in CHD remains understudied.

Methods and Results

CHD was defined in the MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) as myocardial infarction (251 participants), resuscitated arrest (2 participants), and CHD death (80 participants). We analyzed sequencing reads from 4421 MESA participants in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans‐Omics for Precision Medicine program using the PathSeq workflow of the Genome Analysis Tool Kit and a 65‐gigabase microbial reference. Paired reads aligning to 840 microbes were detected in >1% of participants. The association of the presence of microbe reads with incident CHD (follow‐up, ~18 years) was examined. First, important variables were ascertained using a single regularized Cox proportional hazard model, examining change of risk as a function of presence of microbe with age, sex, education level, Life's Simple 7, and inflammation. For variables of importance, the hazard ratio (HR) was estimated in separate (unregularized) Cox proportional hazard models including the same covariates (significance threshold Bonferroni corrected
P
<6×10
−5
, 0.05/840). Reads from 2 microbes were significantly associated with CHD:
Gemella morbillorum
(HR, 3.14 [95% CI, 1.92–5.12];
P
=4.86×10
−6
) and
Pseudomonas
species NFACC19‐2 (HR, 3.22 [95% CI, 2.03–5.41];
P
=1.58×10
−6
).

Conclusions

Metagenomics of whole‐genome sequence reads opens a possible frontier for detection of pathogens for chronic diseases. The association of
G morbillorum
and
Pseudomonas
species reads with CHD raises the possibilities that microbes may drive atherosclerotic inflammation and that treatments for specific pathogens may provide clinical utility for CHD reduction.
Relationship Between Insurance Status and Receipt of Cardiac Tests and Procedures During Hospitalization: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ellenbogen Michael I. , Marine Joseph E. , Arbab‐Zadeh Armin , Pathiravasan Chathurangi H. , Swann Jenna , Brotman Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Prior analyses of the relationship between insurance status and receipt of tests and procedures have yielded conflicting findings and have focused on outpatient care. We sought to characterize the relationship between primary payer and diagnostic and procedural intensity, comparing rates of cardiac tests and procedures in matched hospitalized Medicaid and commercially insured patients.

Methods and Results
We created a propensity score–matched sample of Medicaid and commercially insured adults hospitalized at all acute care hospitals in Kentucky, Maryland, New Jersey, and North Carolina from 2016 to 2018. The main outcome was receipt of a cardiac test or procedure: echocardiogram, stress test, cardiac catheterization (elective, in acute coronary syndrome, in ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction), and pacemaker and subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitor implantation. Generalized linear models with a hospital‐specific indicator variable were estimated to calculate the adjusted odds of a commercially insured patient receiving a given test or procedure relative to a Medicaid patient. Models controlled for race, ethnicity, and zip code income quartile. Commercially insured patients were more likely to receive each cardiac test or procedure, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.16 (95% CI, 1.00–1.34) for cardiac catheterization in ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction to 1.40 (95% CI, 1.27–1.54) for pacemaker implantation.

Conclusions
Hospitalized commercially insured patients were more likely to undergo a range of cardiac tests and procedures, some of which may represent low‐value care. This may be driven by a combination of physician and patient preference, financial incentives, and social determinants of health. Our findings support the need for hospital payment models focused on increasing value and reducing inequities.
Association Between Neighborhood‐Level Income and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Events Varies by Immigration Status: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Vyas Manav V. , Rijal Hibo , Yu Amy Y. X. , Austin Peter C. , Chu Anna , Santiago‐Jimenez Maria , Fang Jiming , Khan Nadia A. , Abdel‐Qadir Husam M. , Kapral Moira K. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Neighborhood‐level income is inversely associated with cardiovascular events; however, it is uncertain whether this association varies with immigration status.

Methods and Results

We conducted a population‐based cohort study of 5.2 million (53% women, 19% immigrants) urban‐dwelling people aged ≥40 years without a prior history of cardiovascular disease in Ontario, Canada. Neighborhood‐level income was measured in quintiles from quintile 1 (lowest) to quintile 5 (highest), and immigrants were defined as those born outside of Canada who moved to Canada after 1985. We estimated the association between neighborhood‐level income and the rate of incident cardiovascular events (hospitalization for stroke or myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular death) using multivariable cause‐specific hazards models and added an interaction term to see if the association varies by immigration status. The absolute difference in the rate of cardiovascular events across income quintiles was less pronounced in immigrants than in long‐term residents: age‐ and sex‐adjusted rate per 1000 person‐years in quintile 1 versus quintile 5: 5.69 versus 4.10 in immigrants and 8.37 versus 5.87 in long‐term residents. In adjusted models, the interaction between immigration status and neighborhoodl evel was significant (
P
interaction
<0.001). The hazard of cardiovascular events declined with increasing income among long‐term residents (hazard ratio [HR]
Q1vsQ5
, 1.46 to HR
Q4vsQ5
, 1.10) and immigrants, albeit with a smaller gradient (HR
Q1vsQ5
, 1.43 to HR
Q4vsQ5
, 1.20).

Conclusions
The association between neighborhood‐level income and cardiovascular disease incidence varies by immigration status. Understanding the social and structural factors associated with residing in low‐income neighborhoods can help with the development of prevention programs that improve health for all.
DiBiMT: A Gold Evaluation Benchmark for Studying Lexical Ambiguity in Machine Translation
Authors: Martelli Federico , Perrella Stefano , Campolungo Niccolò , Munda Tina , Koeva Svetla , Tiberius Carole , Navigli Roberto 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Despite the remarkable progress made in the field of Machine Translation (MT), current systems still struggle when translating ambiguous words, especially when these express infrequent meanings. In order to investigate and analyze the impact of lexical ambiguity on automatic translations, several tasks and evaluation benchmarks have been proposed over the course of the last few years. However, work in this research direction suffers from critical shortcomings. Indeed, existing evaluation datasets are not entirely manually curated, which significantly compromises their reliability. Furthermore, current literature fails to provide detailed insights into the nature of the errors produced by models translating ambiguous words, lacking a thorough manual analysis across languages.
With a view to overcoming these limitations, we propose Disambiguation Biases in MT (DiBiMT), an entirely manually curated evaluation benchmark for investigating disambiguation biases in eight language combinations and assessing the ability of both commercial and non-commercial systems to handle ambiguous words. We also examine and detail the errors produced by models in this scenario by carrying out a manual error analysis in all language pairs. Additionally, we perform an extensive array of experiments aimed at studying the behavior of models when dealing with ambiguous words. Finally, we show the ineffectiveness of standard MT evaluation settings for assessing the disambiguation capabilities of systems and highlight the need for additional efforts in this research direction and ad-hoc testbeds such as DiBiMT. Our benchmark is available at: https://nlp.uniroma1.it/dibimt/.
unops and the Rise of Entrepreneurial International Organizations: A Case Study
Authors: Soirila Ukri 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article provides an introduction to the United Nations Office for Procurement Services (unops), which is an interesting entity because it is financially entirely self-reliant, and has thus become extremely business-minded, at times resembling a private company. Through the case study of unops, the article also seeks to draw attention to a broader development, namely the increasing entrepreneurial activities of international organizations. As the article argues, this trend provides a challenge to the theory of international organizations law, which has traditionally focused on relations between international organizations and their member states, while imagining the former as acting in public interest and the latter as principals (rather than clients).
Translating Jain Philosophy at the Confluence of Persianate Hinduism
Authors: Arzoumanov Jean 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In 1796, Claude Martin (1735–1800), a wealthy French officer of the East India Company living in Lucknow, commissioned the Brahman Delārām to translate into Persian two classical texts from the Digambara Jain philosophical tradition. Using the Braj Bhāṣā commentaries composed by the seventeenth-century Jain author Hemrāj Pāṇḍe, Delārām was able to access the original Prakrit texts of the eighth- and tenth-century philosophers Kundakunda and Nemicandra via an updated vernacularized version. His translations are as an exceptional document showing the hermeneutic tools that a Persian-speaking Brahman could use to parse the doctrinal system of Jainism. Delārām’s language was markedly shaped by his familiarity with Advaita Vedānta and the “unity of being (vahdat al-vojud)” school of Sufism, focused on ontological unity. More specifically, the Sufi-Advaita idiom that developed in Persian from the early Mughal period onward functioned for Delārām as a lens through which he could engage with the doctrinal diversity of India’s religious landscape. His efforts to translate the unfamiliar and sometimes perplexing elements of Jainism reveal the complex modalities of crossing linguistic and religious boundaries through Persian in South Asia and their partial incommensurabilities.
Revisiting the Nexus Between Oil Prices and Economic Activity for Asian Economies Using MIDAS
Authors: Karlsson Hyunjoo Kim , Månsson Kristofer 
Published: September 2024

The objective of this paper is to re-examine the causal relationship between oil prices and economic activity for five Asian economies. We apply the unrestricted MIDAS (U-MIDAS) model using monthly data for real oil prices and quarterly data for real GDP for the period from 1998Q1 to 2019Q4. The causal nexus between oil prices and economic activity is also studied by means of wavelet analysis to investigate whether the relationship between the variables changes over different time scales. The key empirical results under the MIDAS approach show that there is a clear significant causal link from oil prices to economic activity, which is not as clearly found under the standard VAR approach. In addition, our results using impulse response functions suggest that the five Asian economies respond, in general, positively in economic activity to an oil price shock at shorter time horizons (less than two years), while the positive responses switch to mostly negative ones at longer time horizons (from two to four years). Our results, in general, support that the (theoretically) expected negative causal nexus between oil price fluctuations and economic activity for oil importers is dominant over longer time horizons for our dataset. An exception to this pattern is China, which has a dissimilar country profile in terms of its oil market and production structure from the profiles of the other Asian economies in the study. JEL Classification: C32, E32, O53, Q43