bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a simple representation of chalk hydrology in land surface modelling
Authors: Rahman Mostaquimur , Rosolem Rafael 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Modelling and monitoring of hydrological processes in the unsaturated zone of chalk, a porous medium with fractures, is important to optimize water resource assessment and management practices in the United Kingdom (UK). However, incorporating the processes governing water movement through a chalk unsaturated zone in a numerical model is complicated mainly due to the fractured nature of chalk that creates high-velocity preferential flow paths in the subsurface. In general, flow through a chalk unsaturated zone is simulated using the dual-porosity concept, which often involves calibration of a relatively large number of model parameters, potentially undermining applications to large regions. In this study, a simplified parameterization, namely the Bulk Conductivity (BC) model, is proposed for simulating hydrology in a chalk unsaturated zone. This new parameterization introduces only two additional parameters (namely the macroporosity factor and the soil wetness threshold parameter for fracture flow activation) and uses the saturated hydraulic conductivity from the chalk matrix. The BC model is implemented in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) and applied to a study area encompassing the Kennet catchment in the southern UK. This parameterization is further calibrated at the point scale using soil moisture profile observations. The performance of the calibrated BC model in JULES is assessed and compared against the performance of both the default JULES parameterization and the uncalibrated version of the BC model implemented in JULES. Finally, the model performance at the catchment scale is evaluated against independent data sets (e.g. runoff and latent heat flux). The results demonstrate that the inclusion of the BC model in JULES improves simulated land surface mass and energy fluxes over the chalk-dominated Kennet catchment. Therefore, the simple approach described in this study may be used to incorporate the flow processes through a chalk unsaturated zone in large-scale land surface modelling applications.
The Impact of Accounting Conservatism and Voluntary Disclosure on the Cost of Capital of Industrial Companies in Jordan
Authors: Warad Heba S , Al-Debi'e Prof. Dr. Mamoun M 
Published: January 2017

This study aims at examining the impact of accounting conservatism and voluntary disclosure on the cost of capital of industrial companies in Jordan during the period (2009-2013). Panel OLS regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses of the study. The results of the full sample model revealed that accounting conservatism and voluntary disclosure have significant negative impacts on the firms’ cost of capital.Furthermore, the results of the sub-samples which distinguish between large and small, as well as between high and low leverage firms showed that the sub-sample of large and small firms conforms to the full sample results. Across the sub-sample of high leverage firms, the results showed that only voluntary disclosure has a significant negative impact on the firm’s cost of capital. On the other hand, only accounting conservatism has a significant negative impact on the firm’s cost of capital across the sub-sample of low leverage firms.
Bespreking van: J.E. Furobo, R.C. Rist & S. Speer (Eds.), Evaluation and turbulent times. Reflections on a discipline in disarray, New Brunswick/London: Transaction Publishers 2013
Authors: Hoppe Rob 
Published: January 2017

Bespreking van: J.E. Furobo, R.C. Rist & S. Speer (Eds.), Evaluation and turbulent times. Reflections on a discipline in disarray, New Brunswick/London: Transaction Publishers 2013
Dit artikel bevat een uitvoerige samenvatting en een beoordeling van een nieuw boek van Furubo, Rist en Speer met als (in het Nederlands vertaalde) titel: ‘Evaluatie in turbulente tijden. Reflecties op een discipline in verwarring’. De aanleiding voor dit boek is dus de opvatting dat de meeste politieke en bestuurlijke contexten voor beleidsevaluatie zo sterk in beweging zijn geraakt dat ex-post beleidsevaluatie als discipline en vanzelfsprekend onderdeel van het proces van beleidsondersteuning in crisis is geraakt en bedreigd wordt. In het kort geeft dit boek als antwoord op deze dreiging: relativeer het ideaal van ‘evidence-based’ beleid, en ga voor ‘real-time’ evaluatie; verleg uw aandacht van ex-post evaluatie ten behoeve van verantwoording achteraf naar ex-ante evaluatie tijdens de beleidsformulering en ex-durante evaluatie parallel aan de beleidsimplementatie, met als doelen: ‘early warning’, beleidsleren, en flexibel reageren op snel veranderende omstandigheden. Natuurlijk heeft dat gevolgen voor rolopvattingen en taakverdelingen in de procesarchitectuur van het beleidsproces.
Doorgeven, negeren of vervormen?
Authors: Schillemans Thomas , Klijn Anne 
Published: January 2017

‘News media as (un)critical implementers of transparency-policies’
Transparency is a token of modern governance and is said to serve many different goals. Earlier research has shown that the disclosure of information will only be seen by the public and serve its goals if ‘transparators’, such as news media, pay attention to the information. The news media cannot be expected to be uncritical implementers of transparency policies; they will only do so when the policy and ensuing story fit their criteria for newsworthiness. This paper analyzes when and how news media pay attention to different types of policies serving different types of goals. It does so on the basis of quantitative and qualitative content analysis of 8 important cases of transparency-policies in the Netherlands in the past decade. The analysis shows that, even for these high profile cases, the amount of media attention for disclosed information is limited. The analysis also suggests that the media primarily tend to treat items in neutral or critical frames. Particularly in cases where the disclosed information is about the government itself, media stories seem to be primarily negative. These results suggest, in line with prior research, that transparency-policies may easily fail to be effective.
Van doelgroepenbenadering naar business case van diversiteit: de invloed van het kabinet op publieke sectoren
Authors: Celik Saniye 
Published: January 2017

From target groups approach to business case of diversity: the influence of the cabinet on public sectors
The focus of the diversity policy in the Dutch public sector has moved during the past decennia. In the eighties offering equal chances for the different target groups was the central policy goal, after the millennium this became the effective and efficient management of a diverse work force in order to arrive at a better performing public sector, also called the business case of diversity. This article investigates the question how far the Dutch cabinet has influenced the diversity policy of public organizations. The answer to the question is that there was limited influence from the Dutch cabinet on the arguments for diversity of public organizations, but there was greater influence on the diversity interventions, especially in three sectors: central government, municipalities and police. This influence on interventions of other (‘fellow’) governments is caused by the strong steering of the cabinet. The interventions undertaken therefore reflect to a more limited extent the business case of diversity and remain stuck in the old target group policy. However, public organizations with a longer history in diversity policy, that operate closer to society and see the necessity for diversity, are more inclined to embrace the business case and start interventions that are related to this new approach.
Dead or alive?
Authors: Ganpat Soenita , van der Leun Joanne , Nieuwbeerta Paul 
Published: January 2017

Dead or alive? The influence of event characteristics and actors’ behaviour on the outcome of violent events
Some serious events end lethally while others do not. This study examined to what extent a selected number of event characteristics and actors’ behaviour contributed to the escalation of an event into a lethal outcome. We examined Dutch court files of 267 serious events in which offenders were convicted for either lethal violence (homicide, N=126) or non-lethal violence (attempted homicide, N=141). Pronounced differences were found between lethal versus non-lethal events with respect to event characteristics and to actors’ behaviour during the incident in particular. In particular, the likelihood of a lethal outcome increased in events involving alcohol use by victims, firearm use by offenders, victim precipitation and the absence of third parties.
Conductive Polymeric Ionic Liquid/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite as an Efficient Catalyst for the Voltammetric Determination of Amlodipine Besylate
Authors: Fathirad Fariba , Mostafavi Ali , Afzali Daryoush 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A novel conductive polymeric ionic liquid (IL)-Fe3O4 nanocomposite (represented as PIL-Fe3O4) based on inorganic-organic hybrid material was synthesized using two different methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy characterized the structures of IL, Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and PIL-Fe3O4. The electrochemical sensors based on PIL-Fe3O4-modified glassy carbon electrode were fabricated, and each of these nanocomposites was examined for the ability to determine amlodipine besylate (AMD). The electrochemical study of the modified electrodes, as well as its efficiency for the electro-oxidation of AMD, was described in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered solution (pH 7.0) using voltammetric methods. The results exhibit a linear dynamic range from 1 to 500 nM and a detection limit of 0.36 nM. Finally, the modified electrode was used for the determination of AMD in pharmaceutical and biological samples.
Analysis of Numerous Androgen Disruptors in Fish by Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Liu Shaoying , Bian Tianbin , He Huali , Huang Huang , Jin Quan , Wang Shuting , Zhu Guonian 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
An improved analytical method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of numerous androgen disruptors—vinclozolin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes, chlordane, heptachlor, dieldrin, endrin, and aldrin—in fish, followed by GC with tandem MS (MS/MS). Extraction, cleanup, and MS/MS parameters of analytes were optimized. The LOQs of the analytes ranged from 0.3 to 3.7 μg/kg. Reasonable recoveries (73.7–119.2%) were demonstrated at different spike levels with RSDs lower than 12.2%. This method was applied for the analysis of the target analytes in fish samples sold in Hangzhou, China, and DDTs were found to be the predominant contaminants in fish samples.
Les vertus de l’oubli : ambivalences du passé arthurien chez Kazuo Ishiguro
Authors: Moran Patrick 
Published: January 2017

The Buried Giant (2014) de Kazuo Ishiguro est un roman à la frontière des genres : l’auteur puise dans la matière arthurienne, notamment dans Gauvain et le chevalier vert, pour élaborer un texte à mi-chemin entre la fantasy, le conte de fées et le roman intime. Située peu après la mort du roi Arthur, l’action se concentre sur un couple vieillissant et présente une Bretagne crépusculaire, où la coexistence des Bretons et des Saxons se fait de plus en plus inconfortable. Une étrange amnésie frappe l’île, et le souvenir d’événements récents risque sans cesse de resurgir et de briser l’équilibre des forces, en même temps qu’il menace de ruiner l’harmonie fragile qui unit les deux protagonistes. Un tel travail sur la mémoire et ses ambivalences est typique de l’oeuvre d’un auteur qui privilégie les zones de non-dit et d’incertitude. En se concentrant sur le rapport ambivalent que The Buried Giant entretient avec ses sources médiévales, cet article cherche à montrer comment Kazuo Ishiguro, tout en se tenant à distance de l’imaginaire médiéval et breton, réactive en fait la réflexion arthurienne sur l’impermanence, et construit un récit qui assume pleinement ses penchants allégoriques.
Représentations de la guerre dans les éloges collectifs de femmes du xvie siècle
Authors: Breitenstein Renée-Claude 
Published: January 2017

Cet article vise à faire dialoguer un thème, celui de la guerre, et un genre littéraire, les éloges collectifs de femmes de la Renaissance française, expression sous laquelle nous regroupons les recueils de femmes illustres et les défenses du sexe féminin. À travers une vingtaine de textes publiés au xvie siècle, il met au jour des représentations variées d’activités menées par des femmes en temps de guerre et en temps de paix, et les valeurs qui leur sont associées. Nous explorons en particulier trois pistes : le conflit métaphorique entre les sexes sur fond de « Querelle des femmes » et son lexique, les modulations de la vertu de courage appliquée aux femmes, et l’inscription des textes dans l’actualité et les conflits armés qui ont marqué le xvie siècle. Ce panorama n’est pas sans points de tensions, que nous explorons également : tensions liées à la disputabilité de l’éloge, particulièrement en ce qui a trait au courage, qualité masculine par excellence ; tensions générées par le caractère collectif de l’éloge, qui peut opposer les figures féminines entre elles.
Les « favoris de Mars1 ». Gens d’épée et comédie fin de règne (1680-1715)
Authors: Croft Marie-Ange 
Published: January 2017

Véritables phénomènes de société en raison des nombreuses guerres que mène Louis xiv tout au long de son règne, les gens de guerre ne pouvaient espérer demeurer à l’écart de la critique théâtrale. Dès la décennie 1670, ils s’invitent sur les planches, notamment chez les Italiens, et connaissent une grande fortune littéraire à partir de 1680. Rarement identifiés comme tel dans la liste des personnages — ce qui explique par ailleurs l’absence de travaux sur le sujet —, ils apparaissent sous diverses appellations : cadet, capitaine, chevalier, dragon, fantassin, homme de guerre, major, militaire, mousquetaire, officier, sergent, soldat, spadassin et, par extension parfois, Gascon. La mise en scène du soldat dans la comédie dite fin de règne, les préjugés et les valeurs qu’il incarne attestent des représentations ambivalentes que s’en fait la société fin de règne. En s’appuyant sur un corpus composé d’une quarantaine de comédies tirées du théâtre italien et français, qui mettent en scène un ou des hommes de guerre, cet article entend mieux cerner les caractéristiques et les fonctions dramaturgiques de cette figure complexe.
Polymorphism in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC class II B) genes of the Rufous-backed Bunting (Emberiza jankowskii)
Authors: Li Dan , Sun Keping , Zhao Yunjiao , Lin Aiqing , Li Shi , Jiang Yunlei , Feng Jiang 
Published: January 2017

Genetic diversity is one of the pillars of conservation biology research. High genetic diversity and abundant genetic variation in an organism may be suggestive of capacity to adapt to various environmental changes. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is known to be highly polymorphic and plays an important role in immune function. It is also considered an ideal model system to investigate genetic diversity in wildlife populations. The Rufous-backed Bunting (Emberiza jankowskii) is an endangered species that has experienced a sharp decline in both population and habitat size. Many historically significant populations are no longer present in previously populated regions, with only three breeding populations present in Inner Mongolia (i.e., the Aolunhua, Gahaitu and Lubei557 populations). Efforts focused on facilitating the conservation of the Rufous-backed Bunting (Emberiza jankowskii) are becoming increasingly important. However, the genetic diversity ofE. jankowskiihas not been investigated. In the present study, polymorphism in exon 2 of the MHCIIB ofE. jankowskiiwas investigated. This polymorphism was subsequently compared with a related species, the Meadow Bunting (Emberiza cioides). A total of 1.59 alleles/individual were detected inE. jankowskiiand 1.73 alleles/individual were identified inE.cioides. The maximum number of alleles per individual from the threeE. jankowskiipopulations suggest the existence of at least three functional loci, while the maximum number of alleles per individual from the threeE. cioidespopulations suggest the presence of at least four functional loci. Two of the alleles were shared between theE. jankowskiiandE. cioides. Among the 12 unique alleles identified inE. jankowskii, 10.17 segregating sites per allele were detected, and the nucleotide diversity was 0.1865. Among the 17 unique alleles identified inE. cioides, eight segregating sites per allele were detected, and the nucleotide diversity was 0.1667. Overall, compared to other passerine birds, a relatively low level of MHC polymorphism was revealed inE. jankowskii, which was similar to that inE. cioides. Positive selection was detected by PAML/SLAC/FEL analyses in the region encoding the peptide-binding region in both species, and no recombination was detected. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the alleles fromE. jankowskiiandE. cioidesbelong to the same clade and the two species shared similar alleles, suggesting the occurrence of a trans-species polymorphism between the twoEmberizaspecies.
Halocarbon emissions by selected tropical seaweeds: species-specific and compound-specific responses under changing pH
Authors: Mithoo-Singh Paramjeet Kaur , Keng Fiona S.-L. , Phang Siew-Moi , Leedham Elvidge Emma C. , Sturges William T. , Malin Gill , Abd Rahman Noorsaadah 
Published: January 2017

Five tropical seaweeds,Kappaphycus alvarezii(Doty) Doty ex P.C. Silva,Padina australisHauck,Sargassum binderiSonder ex J. Agardh (syn.S. aquifolium(Turner) C. Agardh),Sargassum siliquosumJ. Agardh andTurbinaria conoides(J. Agardh) Kützing, were incubated in seawater of pH 8.0, 7.8 (ambient), 7.6, 7.4 and 7.2, to study the effects of changing seawater pH on halocarbon emissions. Eight halocarbon species known to be emitted by seaweeds were investigated: bromoform (CHBr3), dibro­momethane (CH2Br2), iodomethane (CH3I), diiodomethane (CH2I2), bromoiodomethane (CH2BrI), bromochlorometh­ane (CH2BrCl), bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl2), and dibro­mochloromethane (CHBr2Cl). These very short-lived halocarbon gases are believed to contribute to stratospheric halogen concentrations if released in the tropics. It was observed that the seaweeds emit all eight halocarbons assayed, with the exception ofK. alvareziiandS. binderifor CH2I2and CH3I respectively, which were not measurable at the achievable limit of detection. The effect of pH on halocarbon emission by the seaweeds was shown to be species-specific and compound specific. The highest percentage changes in emissions for the halocarbons of interest were observed at the lower pH levels of 7.2 and 7.4 especially inPadina australisandSargassumspp., showing that lower seawater pH causes elevated emissions of some halocarbon compounds. In general the seaweed least affected by pH change in terms of types of halocarbon emission, wasP. australis. The commercially farmed seaweedK. alvareziiwas very sensitive to pH change as shown by the high increases in most of the compounds in all pH levels relative to ambient. In terms of percentage decrease in maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis (Fv∕Fm) prior to and after incubation, there were no significant correlations with the various pH levels tested for all seaweeds. The correlation between percentage decrease in the maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis (Fv∕Fm) and halocarbon emission rates, was significant only for CH2BrCl emission byP. australis(r = 0.47;p ≤ 0.04), implying that photosynthesis may not be closely linked to halocarbon emissions by the seaweeds studied. Bromine was the largest contributor to the total mass of halogen emitted for all the seaweeds at all pH. The highest total amount of bromine emitted byK. alvarezii(an average of 98% of total mass of halogens) and the increase in the total amount of chlorine with decreasing seawater pH fuels concern for the expanding seaweed farming activities in the ASEAN region.
Effects of groundwater abstraction on two keystone tree species in an arid savanna national park
Authors: Shadwell Eleanor , February Edmund 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundIn arid systems with no surface water, deep boreholes in ephemeral river beds provide for humans and animals. With continually increasing infrastructure development for tourism in arid wildlife parks such as the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park in southern Africa, we ask what effects increased abstraction may have on large trees. Large trees in arid savannas perform essential ecosystem services by providing food, shade, nesting sites and increased nutrients for many other plant and animal species and for this are regarded as keystone species.MethodsWe determine seasonal fluctuations in the water table while also determining the water source for the dominant large tree species in the Auob and Nossob rivers in the Park. We also determine the extent to which these trees are physiologically stressed using leafδ13C, xylem pressure potentials, specific leaf area and an estimate of canopy death. We do this both upstream and downstream of a low water use borehole in the Auob River and a high water use borehole in the Nossob River.ResultsOur results show that the trees are indeed using deep groundwater in the wet season and that this is the same water used by people. In the dry season, trees in the Auob downstream of the active borehole become detached from the aquifer and use more isotopically enriched soil water. In the Nossob in the dry season, all trees use isotopically enriched soil water, and downstream of the active borehole use stomatal regulation to maintain leaf water potentials. These results suggest that trees in the more heavily utilised Nossob are under more water stress than those trees in the Auob but that trees in both rivers demonstrate physiological adaptation to the changes in available water with smaller heavier leaves, no significant canopy dieback and in the dry season in the Nossob stomatal regulation of leaf water potentials.DiscussionAn increase in abstraction of groundwater particularly at the Nossob borehole may cause an additional draw down of the water table adding to the physiological stress demonstrated in our study. The managers of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park have a mandate that includes biodiversity conservation. To fulfil this mandate, upper and lower thresholds for groundwater abstraction that allow for an adequate ecological reserve have to be determined.
Intensification of hydrological drought in California by human water management
Authors: He Xiaogang , Wada Yoshihide , Wanders Niko , Sheffield Justin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe analyze the contribution of human water management to the intensification or mitigation of hydrological drought over California using the PCR‐GLOBWB hydrological model at 0.5° resolution for the period 1979–2014. We demonstrate that including water management in the modeling framework results in more accurate discharge representation. During the severe 2014 drought, water management alleviated the drought deficit by ∼50% in Southern California through reservoir operation during low‐flow periods. However, human water consumption (mostly irrigation) in the Central Valley increased drought duration and deficit by 50% and 50–100%, respectively. Return level analysis indicates that there is more than 50% chance that the probability of occurrence of an extreme 2014 magnitude drought event was at least doubled under the influence of human activities compared to natural variability. This impact is most significant over the San Joaquin Drainage basin with a 50% and 75% likelihood that the return period is more than 3.5 and 1.5 times larger, respectively, because of human activities.