bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MPC Advanced Control of an Offshore Gas Compression System
Authors: Plucenio A. , Normey-Rico J. , Vettorazzo C. , Campos M. M. , De Lima M. Lopes 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This work presents the utilization of Model Predictive Control (MPC) as a tool to help the regulatory control of the compression system of an offshore oil and gas production unit in three importan tasks: to avoid the system to approximate the surge region to increase stability margins and availability and to minimize energy consumption and gas flaring. Although the proposed structure is general, the present work focus on the solution proposed for a particular compression unit of a real off-shore platform. The modeling of the process and the proposed MPC algorithm are discussed and some simulated results illustrate the advantages of the proposed strategy.
Saving Capex on Further Development of Complex Mature Fields with MPD in Deep Water Drilling - Roncador Case
Authors: Campos Otávio 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
At mature field stage, new wells may need to cross reservoirs with different pressure gradient levels. This phenomenon may increase due to the field development strategy. This approach for Roncador development led to a wide range of reservoir pressure at its mature stage. We found that our development of the Managed Pressure Drilling - MPD technique has helped to overcome the problems that arise due to that field development strategy.
At Roncador field we build a trajectory that crosses multiple reservoirs before reaching the objective reservoir, we add to that difficult the occurrence of multiple reservoirs producing by different systems. So at the same region we experience reservoirs with wide gradient pressure levels. The MPD approach is a drilling process that controls the annular pressure profile throughout the wellbore. The objective is to ascertain the downhole pressure and to manage the annular pressure profile. With downhole pressure control in mind, we than developed the well design and project to minimize difficulties that usually arise during drilling and casing setting of new wells at mature fields.
This MPD strategy led to shorter drilling times, thus saving on CAPEX needed to develop a mature filed or early production strategies. When a complex pressure profile arises, it possible to save time and money on sandstone reservoir wells with this MPD variety.
Evaluation of Social and Economic Impacts of Local Content Management in Oil & Gas and Shipbuilding Industry in Brazil: An Ppplication of Input-Output Analysis
Authors: Furtado S. R. , Júnior E. D. , Almeida M. F. L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper aims at evaluating the applicability of input-output analysis to local content management practices as a tool to assess the relationship between the Brazilian Government's Local Content Policy and social and economic impacts of implementation of investment projects in the Oil & Gas and Shipbuilding Industry in Brazil.
The methodology comprised literature review on central themes, a field research and a case study focusing on investment projects.
A logical framework was developed, by combining monitoring and evaluation (ME) models identified from the literature review and the conceptual approach of input-output analysis. Based on this framework, a Reference Project concerning the development of an oil field in Brazilian Pre-salt region was defined. From typical information from other similar projects in Brazil, investments associated with "Drilling, Assessment, and Completion System", "Production Collection System" and "Production Unit" was considered.
The main result refers to the creation of a new logical framework which allows measuring the social and economic impacts of Local Content management on investment projects in Oil & Gas and Shipbuilding Industry in Brazil. It can be used as a powerful tool either for crisis management arising from possible reduction of investments in Local Content, subsidizing actions to mitigate negative social impacts that could damage the corporate image of these companies, and for formulation or revision of Local Content public policies that enhance the positive externalities of investment projects in this industry.
The results of the case study demonstrated how the investments of Oil Company could generate positive socioeconomic externalities. The "Social and Economic Impacts Report" for the Reference Project showed the results of direct, indirect, income and total effects for impacts on the Value of Production, GDP and on the generation of job positions, for each of the 55 economic activities in the Brazilian input-output matrix prepared by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).
Finally, these externalities were correlated with the structure of Local Content requirements established by the Brazilian regulation, to identify competitive advantages for the oil & gas and shipbuilding companies in the country.
Salt Heterogeneities Characterization in Pre-Salt Santos Basin Fields
Authors: Barros P. M. , Fonseca J. S. , Silva L. M. , Maul A. , Yamamoto T. , Meneguim T. , Queiroz L. E. , Toribio T. , Martini A. F. , Gobatto F. , González M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Geomechanical models need to incorporate a more reliable geological model concerning the overburden as well as the underburden sections. These aspects are more important when considering the flow simulation model and the injection and/or production of the field due to the surrounding rocks behavior and their responses against those ratios (injection/producing).
Therefore, a 3D model is needed and the oil industry faces a great challenge: how to build this reliable model without seismic information? Or, how to use seismic properties with all their ambiguity to derive this 3D model?
Special attention is necessary when observing the salt-section above the pre-salt reservoir in Santos Basin, Brazil, since the amplitude response is heavily influenced by the velocity model used for the migration process.
The majority of these velocity models are considered non-geological as the main reasoning for them is only to produce a good image. To build a good seismic image, reproducing the geology is not needed: the only condition imposed on the model is that the migration operators applied using that model will focus the image. In other words, we could see a completely alien model regarding geology that focuses the image, and that model would be considered correct.
In this paper, we will illustrate a way to build plausive velocity models fitting both the geology and the mathematics of the migration for a good seismic image. This allows for the use of the amplitude response for many purposes, including (but not limited to) deriving geomechanical properties, predicting the lithologies inside the evaporitic section and recursively building a new, more realistic velocity model.
A Solution to Optimize the Logistics of a Fleet of Workover Vessels Applied to Offshore Operations in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Vasconcelos David , Nogueira Elysio , Sousa Sergio , Charrouf Raed 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWorkover vessel operations in offshore oil fields are crucial to recovering productivity and helping ensure safety. Because of economic constraints, the number of workover vessels is often limited, and logistics optimization has significant relevance. This paper provides a methodology for increasing efficiency with regards to the operational management of these vessels.The method to address logistics optimization for a fleet of vessels should consider fleet and operational constraints to help determine the most economic routes to perform tasks in different geographic locations. This paper presents a solution to a workover operation routing problem performed by a heterogeneous fleet of vessels with different load capacities and limited abilities to perform different operations. Decisions were necessary to determine which boat should perform each task scheduled for a location at a specific time. The model was developed using operational historical data integrated into an optimization workflow, based on genetic algorithms, to determine which itinerary and tasks each vessel should execute.This work evaluated two fleet scenarios characterized by vessel capacity and potential ability to perform specific tasks. The results reveal the possibility of a significant reduction in the total time necessary for the fleet to perform the same group of tasks. For both configurations evaluated, the total time reduction was 20 and 40%, respectively. This reduction in total time could result in an increase in tasks performed within a given time period, improved operational economics attributed to reducing downtime, and less production loss caused by the absence of these services. Another benefit provided by this methodology is the capability to generate a new optimized schedule, as necessary.In the current scenario of high economic variation and uncertainties and reduced oil prices, increasing operational efficiency is a primary challenge. The study results illustrate the importance of an improved method to optimize fleet logistics, thus improving key performance indicators (KPIs) of interest to stakeholders, such as reduced navigation time, improved economics, and improved operator satisfaction. Furthermore, the general methodology presented can be adapted to other routing problems encountered within the petroleum industry.
Temperature Development in Coiled Tubing Cementing Operations in Deepwater Environments
Authors: Calçada Luis Américo , Scheid Claudia Miriam , Hora Paraiso Eduardo Cunha , Filho Leônidas Pereira , Gonçalves Pereira Caroline Eulino , Rocha José Marcelo , Martins André Leibsohn , Filho Leônidas Pereira 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Coiled tubing cementing has grown as an attractive option for plugging and abandonment (P&A) operations in deepwater environments. Flow through long extension coils generates extra friction which results in relevant pressure and temperature increments in the cement slurry pumping process. Petroleum industries do not have standard procedures to predict these variables that impact slurry properties in deepwater cementing. This fact leads to conservative slurry designs, generating extra costs and eventually affecting its stability.
This work describes the proposition of a mathematical model to predict friction and heat transfer while pumping cement slurries and all the associated fluids through a coiled section. Based on momentum and energy conservation laws, the proposed model aims to generate representative transient pressure and temperature profiles to be coupled to the wellbore thermal model and, finally, provide a reliable schedule for thickening time testing. A broad discussion on initial and boundary conditions allows accounting for fluid-metal-environment heat exchanges. A comparison with different field measurement sets obtained from deepwater cementing operations indicates relative deviations smaller than 10%. The implementation of the methodology leads to the design of optimized slurries, reducing operational costs due to additives and WOC times and risks associated with sedimentation.
Identification of Stresses on Near-Borehole Field Using Cross-Dipole Sonic Tool and Image Logs: Case Study in Deepwater Carbonate
Authors: Tamoto Hugo , Bittencourt Rossi Tiago de , Barroso Fouraux Mateus 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Near-borehole stress analysis is performed from an integrated interpretation of sonic, imaging, and caliper tools to determine the magnitude and orientation of stresses around the borehole. These stresses can affect the wellbore stability because the tectonic stress field is disturbed during the well drilling. This paper presents a case study in which integrated information from borehole acoustic logs, image logs, and caliper tools were used to identify stresses in the near-borehole region of a deepwater presalt formation, offshore Brazil. The objectives were to extract the maximum (SH) and minimum stress (Sh) orientations in the near-borehole region for a particular zone of interest and identify fractures due to tectonic stresses.
The Sh orientation was determined by the presence of induced fractures and borehole breakouts (both created during drilling), which were observed in the ultrasonic and resistive imaging log data. The SH orientation can be characterized using cross-dipole sonic anisotropy processing when borehole conditions are favorable. Tectonic fractures were identified using ultrasonic and resistive imaging log data information and the Stoneley reflection method was used to support the conductivity interpretation from these image logs.
Improved Ocean Current Estimation using a Seismic Streamer Model
Authors: Grindheim Jan Vidar , Revhaug Inge , Welker Ken 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A method for determining the ocean current normal to and tangentially to a seismic streamer is introduced. High resolution real time estimation of ocean currents is valuable for optimal lateral steering of seismic streamers. With optimal steering, crossflow noise caused can be reduced. Additionally, improved steering can reduce line-change times. Further, estimated ocean currents can contribute to world current oceanographic models.
A PID controller approach is used in the estimation process. The controller adjusts the ocean current normal to the streamer tangent for minimizing offsets between simulated and measured streamer positions. The streamer model is 3-dimensional and incorporates cable stretch, tension, steering devices and tailbuoy.
The current estimation method has been tested on 50 line-change data from a seismic survey. Especially on line-changes, cable steering, and hence current estimation, contribute to steering efficiency. Line-changes are time consuming, typically 3 or more hours. Efficient lateral steering could reduce this time, resulting in time and cost savings for seismic surveys. Unfortunately, steering wing angles were not available in the study data set; hence the estimation assumes zero wing angles. However, only large currents could account for the magnitude of streamer displacement relative to the zero current model result. This implies that the algorithm is capturing a significant current effect and translating it into current force quite well, as simulations given the estimated currents show good agreement with the actual streamer positions. Computational time of the algorithm is much less than real time. Hence current predictions can be made available to the streamer control system with little delay. Further, streamer prediction can be performed using the simulator with the updated ocean currents. Additionally, the estimated current can be transmitted in near real time to oceanographic research institutes.
To the authors' knowledge the present approach of current estimation has not been attempted previously. Since there exist small scale local variations in current, measuring the current only at the vessel and some stationary positions has limited value. As the current estimation algorithm can be run continuously in real time, it would provide more accurate and higher resolution information to the steering system, facilitating improved steering efficiency.
Analytical and Experimental Analysis of Friction Forces inside Curved Pipes
Authors: de Menezes Eduardo A. W. , Geiger Filipe P. , Basso Eduardo D. , Perondi Eduardo A. , Wildner Fabiano D. , Laranja Rafael A. C. , Becker Tiago , Marenco Javier , Santos Hugo F. L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In-pipe robots are a powerful tool for hydrate plug removal inside ultra-deep water pipes. These robots may operate with energy supplied by umbilical cables immersed in oil. Present work focus on the development of a general strategy for computing the required forces for pulling such cables confined in ducts of generic length and geometry. Based on mathematical models obtained from specialized literature, a computational algorithm was designed to evaluate the static friction force related to the cumulative effects along the arbitrary set of curves present in a generic pipe. This computational routine can calculate the static friction forces associated to a cable inside a given pipe, whose coordinates are fed by the user. To evaluate the simulation performance, the achieved results were compared with that ones obtained through experimental tests performed using a cable with polymeric coating positioned inside ducts. Different geometries, load and lubricating conditions were tested, and the analytical model could estimate with reasonable accuracy the required force to move an umbilical cable inside pipes.
Risk Mitigation on Deepwater Drilling Based on 3D Geomechanics and Fit-For-Purpose Data Acquisition
Authors: Pedroso C. A. , Salies J. B. , Holzberg B. B. , Frydman M. , Pastor J. A. S. C. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Drilling horizontal wells in shallow and poorly consolidated reservoirs in deepwater scenarios involves risky operations due to the narrow mud weight window. Risks include severe drilling fluid losses, wellbore instability, and fault reactivation, which, in the worst case, may connect reservoir to the sea floor.
This work presents a case study of risk reduction based on geomechanics, which includes concepts of fault reactivation while drilling, permitted plastified area around the wellbore, and fit-for-purpose data acquisition, which allowed a recalibration of the model and timely changes on the drilling plan.
The study started with a full 3D geomechanical characterization, which is an advanced way to determine stress distribution in a field, in particular, along the faults. Based on this study, it was possible to locate and avoid zones of higher risks of losses and fault reactivation, mitigating drilling risks.
From the study, it was also possible to identify the main uncertainties of the model, which allowed a fit-for-purpose data acquisition plan. The most important missing information was a calibration point for the minimal horizontal stress in the reservoir. Previous drilling experience in the area and geomechanics modelling were not conclusive about losses mechanisms, and the upper limits for horizontal drilling were also not clear. In addition, borehole instability had been shown to be an issue on offset wells; therefore, lower limits for drilling were unclear too.
It was decided to drill a pilot hole down to the reservoir, set a packer in the caprock and perform a series of minifrac tests. The measured minimal horizontal stress in the reservoir was revealed to be lower than initially expected, which implied the need to recalibrate the model and make important adjustments to the drilling plan. The model was recalibrated and the safe mud weight window was found to be even narrower. It was identified that a lower and unprecedented mud weight had to be used in the horizontal section, which was an additional risk. To evaluate this risk, the concept of permitted plastified area around the wellbore was used, and a lower mud weight was selected under a risk analysis manner.
Based on the study, drilling risks were mitigated and horizontal drilling was performed successfully, with minimal losses and controlled wellbore collapse.
Lula Alto - Strategy and Execution of a Megaproject in Deep Water Santos Basin Pre-Salt
Authors: de Abreu Campos Nathalia , da Silva Faria Marcílio José , de Moraes Cruz Rafael Oscar , de Almeida Amaya Caldas Villar , Rebeschini Edson José , Vaz Henrique Paes , João Leonardo Villain , Rosa Marcelo Becher , da Fonseca Tiago Cardoso 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article presents the successful history of Lula Alto Project, one of the development modules of Lula giant field, located in Santos Basin pre-salt at southeast Brazil at a 2,120 meters water depth. The project is currently producing at its maximum oil capacity, considering operational performance, achieved only 9 months from first oil. This is the fifth module of Lula field, which modular development allowed drainage plan and subsea layout optimization.
The article will present the reservoir conceptual model, drainage plan optimization, information acquisition strategy and modular development insights; the subsea layout optimization that led to a minimum flowline length per well; twin FPSO construction strategy; project development and fast ramp-up and the challenges faced during the first year of production. It will also address integrity and maintenance management, aiming a secure and sustainable operation, and well construction highlights.
The leased FPSO Cidade de Maricá initiated production in February 2016, and the project strategy was to carbon copy FPSO Cidade de Ilhabela engineering (this FPSO is also producing in pre-salt), reducing design costs and schedule. Construction phase strategy was to build two identical FPSO's in parallel, FPSO's Cidade de Maricá and Cidade de Saquarema, with a planned 2 months schedule delivery gap. Suppliers and construction sites were the same, allowing cost reduction, construction risks mitigation and supply chain optimization. After one year of production, many challenges had to be surpassed, and all lessons learned were important for a solid ramp-up achievement and sustainable peak production.
Lipopolysaccharide Potentiates Insulin-Driven Hypoglycemic Shock
Authors: Hagar Jon A. , Edin Matthew L. , Lih Fred B. , Thurlow Lance R. , Koller Beverly H. , Cairns Bruce A. , Zeldin Darryl C. , Miao Edward A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Critically ill patients typically present with hyperglycemia. Treatment with conventional insulin therapy (targeting 144–180 mg/dl) improves patient survival; however, intensive insulin therapy (IIT) targeting normal blood glucose levels (81–108 mg/dl) increases the incidence of moderate and severe hypoglycemia, and increases mortality. Septic patients are especially prone to IIT-induced hypoglycemia, but the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that codelivery of insulin with otherwise sublethal doses of LPS induced hypoglycemic shock in mice within 1–2 h. LPS impaired clearance of insulin, which amplified insulin receptor signaling. These effects were mediated by caspase-11, TLR4, and complement, each of which trigger eicosanoid production that potentiates insulin signaling. Finally, in an animal model of sepsis, we observed that Salmonella typhimurium–infected mice exhibited simultaneous impaired insulin clearance coexisting with insulin resistance. Our results raise the possibility that septic patients have impaired insulin clearance, which could increase their susceptibility to hypoglycemia during IIT, contraindicating its use.