bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial distributions of Jonah and Atlantic rock crabs in the Georges Bank and Mid-Atlantic Bight regions during 1968–2021
Authors: Wade Kaitlynn J. , Wilberg Michael J. , Shank Burton , Cullen Daniel W. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The commercial importance of Jonah crabs Cancer borealis and Atlantic rock crabs Cancer irroratus has increased over the past few decades, but both species are still data limited. Objectives were to determine the spatial distributions of Jonah and Atlantic rock crabs over time and to estimate associations with environmental variables.

Methods
Data were from the Northeast Fisheries Science Center offshore spring bottom trawl surveys during 1968–2021 on Georges Bank and in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Environmental preferences for temperature (°C), depth (m), and grain size (ϕ) were estimated using generalized additive models, and the habitat usage between the two crabs were compared using empirical cumulative distribution functions.

Result
The spatial distributions of Jonah and Atlantic rock crabs changed over time. Grain size was the most important environmental variable for predicting presence of Jonah crabs, and depth was the most important variable for explaining presence of Atlantic rock crabs. The generalized additive model with the best cross validation and the lowest Akaike information criterion for both crabs included all environmental, spatial, and temporal variables.

Conclusion
Jonah and Atlantic rock crabs have different spatial distributions and environmental preferences. Jonah crabs preferred slightly warmer temperatures, deeper depths, and muddier sediments than Atlantic rock crabs. As the commercial importance for Jonah crabs increases, information on their population distribution and habitat usage is important for effective management.
Qualitative analysis of blood from patients engaging in deliberate self‐harm: Differences between prescribed and detected drugs
Authors: Masuda Masato , Waters Brian , Gotoh Leo , Nakamura Yoshihiko , Kato Yoshifumi , Nabeshima Shigeki , Kubo Shin‐ichi , Eto Nobuaki , Kawasaki Hiroaki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile drugs are sometimes taken during deliberate self‐harm (DSH), no study has attempted to analyze drugs in the blood of DSH patients and compare them with prescribed medications or other drugs. In this study, drugs were analyzed from the blood of DSH patients, and the detected, prescribed, and suspected drugs were documented.MethodsPatients who practiced DSH and were transferred to the emergency sites of Fukuoka University Hospital between April 2021 and September 2022 participated in the study. Psychiatrists assessed information such as the history of psychiatric treatment and recent methods of DSH, as well as prescribed drugs within 1 month of presenting to the hospital. Blood samples were analyzed using LC–MS/MS. Participants were divided into groups according to whether or not they were prescribed psychotropics within 1 month.ResultsFifty‐five patients were enrolled in the study. Forty had been prescribed psychotropics within 1 month of hospital admission. However, non‐prescribed drugs (NPD) were detected in 42 of the 55 participants (76%). The detection of NPD was significantly high among patients with overdose of medications and OTC drugs (p = 0.036), but NPD were also detected in patients who engaged in other methods (n = 14), and in patients without prescribed medication (n = 10).DiscussionThis is the first study focused on the drug analysis of blood from patients engaging in DSH. Approximately 80% of the DSH patients in this study had taken NPD, revealing a large discrepancy between prescribed medications and those detected in the blood.
Characterization of Trivalently Crosslinked C‐Terminal Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (CTX) Species in Human Plasma and Serum Using High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Demeuse Justine , Determe William , Grifnée Elodie , Massonnet Philippe , Schoumacher Matthieu , Huyghebeart Loreen , Dubrowski Thomas , Peeters Stéphanie , Le Goff Caroline , Cavalier Etienne 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWith an aging population, the increased interest in the monitoring of skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis led to significant progress in the discovery and measurement of bone turnover biomarkers since the 2000s. Multiple markers derived from type I collagen, such as CTX, NTX, PINP, and ICTP, have been developed. Extensive efforts have been devoted to characterizing these molecules; however, their complex crosslinked structures have posed significant analytical challenges, and to date, these biomarkers remain poorly characterized. Previous attempts at characterization involved gel‐based separation methods and MALDI‐TOF analysis on collagen peptides directly extracted from bone. However, using bone powder, which is rich in collagen, does not represent the true structure of the peptides in the biofluids as it was cleaved. In this study, our goal was to characterize plasma and serum CTX for subsequent LC‐MS/MS method development. We extracted and characterized type I collagen peptides directly from human plasma and serum using a proteomics workflow that integrates preparative LC, affinity chromatography, and HR‐MS. Subsequently, we successfully identified numerous CTX species, providing valuable insights into the characterization of these crucial biomarkers.
Green Pathway of Urea Synthesis Through Plasma–Ice Interaction: Optimization and Mechanistic Insights With N2 + CO2 and NH3 + CO2 Gas Mixtures
Authors: Rathore Vikas , Desai Vyom , Jamnapara Nirav I. , Nema Sudhir Kumar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study presents a green approach for urea synthesis using plasma–ice interaction with N₂ + CO₂ and NH₃ + CO₂ gas mixtures. Plasma characterization via electrical and optical emission spectroscopy revealed that urea formation involves complex reactions driven by high‐energy species, producing reactive nitrogen and carbon intermediates. Plasma‐treated ice exhibited increased pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and reduced oxidation–reduction potential (ORP). Optimization of parameters, especially treatment time, significantly influenced urea formation. The NH₃ + CO₂ plasma produced a higher urea concentration (7.7 mg L−1) compared to the N₂ + CO₂ plasma (0.55 mg L−1) due to ammonia's greater reactivity. This method offers a sustainable, energy‐efficient alternative to traditional urea synthesis processes.
Confirmation of Solid Phase Extracted Post‐Blast Explosives Residues Analyzed Using Pulsed Split Injection GC/MS
Authors: Cruse Courtney A. , Tipple Christopher A. , Miller Mark L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA pulsed split injection method was developed for the improved detection of explosives using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS) with negative chemical ionization for 12 organic explosives (nitramines, nitrate esters, nitroalkanes, nitroaromatics) and electron ionization with selected ion monitoring for triacetone triperoxide (TATP). An order of magnitude increase in signal (average factor of 13) was observed for all organic explosives with the utilization of the pulsed split injection for samples processed by solid phase extraction (SPE). The method was successfully applied to post‐blast explosives residue processed by SPE and syringe filtration as a confirmatory technique following gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD) screening. Compared to current methodologies previously reported, a decrease in the false screen rate (the number of compounds that passed the screening criteria, but not confirmed present) was achieved when employing this method. Processing of post‐blast explosives samples using SPE decreased the false screen rate from 60% to 34%, while using syringe filtration decreased the false screen rate from 73% to 51%.
Self‐association and multimer formation in AtLEA4‐5, a desiccation‐induced intrinsically disordered protein from plants
Authors: Romero‐Pérez Paulette Sofía , Martínez‐Castro Laura V. , Linares Alejandro , Arroyo‐Mosso Inti , Sánchez‐Puig Nuria , Cuevas‐Velazquez Cesar L. , Sukenik Shahar , Guerrero Adán , Covarrubias Alejandra A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring seed maturation, plants may experience severe desiccation, leading to the accumulation of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. These intrinsically disordered proteins also accumulate in plant tissues under water deficit. Functional roles of LEA proteins have been proposed based on in vitro studies, where monomers are considered as the functional units. However, the potential formation of homo‐oligomers has been little explored. In this work, we investigated the potential self‐association of Arabidopsis thaliana group 4 LEA proteins (AtLEA4) using in vitro and in vivo approaches. LEA4 proteins represent a compelling case of study due to their high conservation throughout the plant kingdom. This protein family is characterized by a conserved N‐terminal region, with a high alpha‐helix propensity and invitro protective activity, as compared to the highly disordered and low‐conserved C‐terminal region. Our findings revealed that full‐length AtLEA4 proteins oligomerize and that both terminal regions are sufficient for self‐association in vitro. However, the ability of both amino and carboxy regions of AtLEA4‐5 to self‐associate invivo is significantly lower than that of the entire protein. Using high‐resolution and quantitative fluorescence microscopy, we were able to disclose the unreported ability of LEA proteins to form high‐order oligomers in planta. Additionally, we found that high‐order complexes require the simultaneous engagement of both terminal regions, indicating that the entire protein is needed to attain such structural organization. This research provides valuable insights into the self‐association of LEA proteins in plants and emphasizes the role of protein oligomer formation.
Effects of Concurrent Administration of Spironolactone in Veterans with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Receiving Abiraterone: A Real‐World Retrospective Study
Authors: Whyne Erum Z. , Jeon‐Slaughter Haekyung , Kelly Katherine , Dowell Jonathan E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionProstate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the United States with low survival rates once metastasized. Abiraterone is approved for use in castrate‐sensitive and castrate‐resistant prostate cancer and is used extensively in the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. Spironolactone, a diuretic used to treat heart failure, edema, ascites, and hypertension, may increase androgen levels and reduce effectiveness of abiraterone when used concurrently to treat prostate cancer patients. While previous case studies support this, no large epidemiology studies have been conducted. The current study utilizes the large, VA prostate cancer data core and evaluates the effect of concomitant spironolactone on efficacy of abiraterone treatment in metastatic prostate cancer patients.Patients and MethodsThe study selected 18,943 veterans with metastatic prostate cancer on abiraterone treatment. Of these, 581 patients (3.1%) were also on concomitant spironolactone. The concomitant treatment group, abiraterone + spironolactone, significantly differed from the abiraterone‐only group in body mass index, prevalence rates of heart failure and liver disease, and being previously treated with docetaxel. A 1:1 propensity score matching method was used to balance sample sizes and baseline traits between the two treatment groups, abiraterone versus abiraterone + spironolactone. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard model were used to compare 5‐year overall survival and all‐cause mortality outcomes, respectively, between the two groups.ResultsAfter propensity score matched, the abiraterone + spironolactone group was treated with abiraterone significantly longer than the abiraterone‐only group (mean ± standard deviation days 549.0 ± 552.3 vs. 435.5 ± 474.1; p = 0.0002) and had a higher 5‐year overall survival rate (44% vs. 37%; p = 0.0116). Veterans with metastatic prostate cancer treated with abiraterone + spironolactone also had a lower 5‐year all‐cause mortality compared to those only on abiraterone (hazard ratio 0.80, 95% confidence intervals 0.61–0.96; p = 0.012).ConclusionThis large VA observational study suggests that concomitant use of spironolactone does not compromise cancer control or survival of metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone.
Size effect of ZIF‐8 based nanocarrier pesticide delivery system on targeted release and insecticidal activity
Authors: Gao Zhou , Tan Jinfang , Sun Yuqing , Jiang Xiaoqian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDTraditional chemical pesticides are easily lost by surface runoff and only small quantities reach the target, thus causing serious environmental pollution. In this work, dinotefuran@zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8@polydopamine@zein (DNF@ZIF‐8@PDA@zein), was constructed to deliver DNF with pH and enzyme double response of release, thereby achieving targeted release and efficient long‐term pest control.RESULTSDNF@ZIF‐8@PDA@zein was synthesized with three hydrated diameters (249.73 ± 9.99 nm, 142.94 ± 5.63 nm and 75.16 ± 4.66 nm, respectively). The release of DNF from DNF@ZIF‐8@PDA@zein after 28 h was significantly higher at pH 5.0 (89.22 ± 7.18%) compared to that at pH 8 (81.8 ± 6.11%). Protease‐assisted release of DNF was notably higher than that without protease (pH 5: 89.22 ± 5.55% versus 27.19 ± 3.22%; pH 8: 81.8 ± 6.11% versus 25.39 ± 3.87%). The stimuli‐responsive release of DNF from DNF@ZIF‐8@PDA@zein increased with decreased particle size due to increased pore size, reduced binding forces (i.e., weaker π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and Zn–N covalent bonding), and the shortening of diffusion path, leading to faster disintegration and drug release. Additionally, the anti‐photolysis ability of DNF@ZIF‐8@PDA@zein was 3.2 times that of pure DNF. The insecticidal activity improved with smaller nanoparticles due to higher drug release rate and greater inhibition of detoxification enzyme activity by more zinc ion (Zn2+) dissolution.CONCLUSIONThe pH and enzyme dual‐responsive release as well as insecticidal activity of DNF@ZIF‐8@PDA@zein increase with decreased nanoparticle size, showing effective pest management in long‐term and potential application prospects in sustainable agriculture. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
International and internal migration and the subjective wellbeing of wives left behind in Ghana
Authors: Kutor Senanu Kwasi , Arku Godwin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHusbands' labour migration has ramifications for significant family members, particularly wives left behind. However, limited studies have been conducted to examine the impacts of husbands' migration on women left behind married to international and internal migrants. Drawing on a purposive sampling survey of 298 Ghanaian women (international = 129 and internal = 169) in the Volta Region, we assessed their subjective wellbeing using three dimensions: self‐reported health, self‐reported satisfaction with life, and self‐reported happiness. The results from t‐tests show that on average, international women left behind have higher perceived health (3.72), perceived happiness (3.82) and satisfaction with life (3.19). Results from the multivariable binary logistic regression analyses reveal that while no variables predict self‐reported health for international women left behind, high frequency of communication is statistically associated with internal women left behind self‐assessed health. International women left behind who lived in nuclear households and internal women left behind who reported high wealth quintiles were both statistically associated with satisfaction with life, respectively. While demographic factors (age and duration of marriage) were significant predictors of happiness for international women left behind, neighbourhood type and frequency of communication predicted happiness for internal women left behind. The differences in variables predicting each of the subjective wellbeing dimensions demonstrate the concept's multidimensionality. It also highlights factors influencing subjective wellbeing outcomes of women left behind are not solely due to their husbands' migration. The policy implications of this study are highlighted.
Milk in the intercostal tube: Revealing Boerhaave syndrome
Authors: Kuthadi Manasa , K Surendar Reddy , Mood Narayana , Papayagari Alekya , Gattu Rakesh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present an uncommon pathology of Boerhaave's syndrome and its fatal outcome in a 77‐year‐old man who presented to the emergency room with loss of consciousness and a history of chronic cough that had increased in intensity over the past week. Radiological investigations revealed bilateral pleural effusion, initially pointing to a transudative aetiology. Diagnostic pleural aspiration showed an exudative effusion with high amylase, and an intercostal drainage tube was inserted for the left massive effusion. Contrary to the initial provisional diagnosis, the discovery of ingested milk in the intercostal drainage tube raised suspicion of Boerhaave's syndrome. Around 90% of perforations occur on the left side of the distal oesophagus, presenting as a pleural effusion on the left side. Less than 10% of patients experience bilateral pleural effusions. This patient's clinical presentation, which led to the diagnosis, is of interest. Unfortunately, he eventually lapsed into sepsis and succumbed.
Learning to Support Students to Reason Through Talk: How Pedagogically (Dis)Content Teaching Assistants Use a Curriculum Guide Integrated With Professional Development
Authors: Freeman Alyssa S. , Carter Tina B. , Google Angela N. , Jia Zhigang , Grinath Anna S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGiven the potential impact of introductory science laboratories on postsecondary students' science learning, careful thinking is needed about how to support teaching assistants (TAs) to create opportunities for their students to reason about science. Research suggests that teachers are best positioned to improve their teaching practices when they recognize aspects of pedagogical discontentment and also feel they have the appropriate tools and resources to achieve their teaching goals in the future. This comparative case study examines how TAs who are pedagogically discontent or pedagogically content with their practice of supporting students to reason through talk engaged with a curriculum guide integrated with a weekly professional development (PD) program to grow their teaching practice. We found that only the pedagogically discontent TAs developed their use of ambitious talk moves to support more rigorous discussions over one semester. However, we also found that all TAs used the curriculum guide to plan opportunities for students to reason through talk. This research contributes new understandings about the role of pedagogical discontentment for TA learning of student‐centered teaching practices. This research also has implications for designing TA‐facing curriculum guides integrated with a weekly PD cycle to support TAs to develop teaching practices that support students to reason through talk.
Endoxylanase Immobilized Nanoporous Silica for the Production of Xylooligosaccharides: Equilibrium Kinetics, Thermodynamic Studies, and Enzyme Characteristics
Authors: Kartik Jeevamani P. M. , Dutta Partha , Shivudu Godhulayyagari , Sowmianarayanan Parimala , Gardas Ramesh L. , Chandraraj Krishnan , Selvam Parasuraman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNanoporous structured silica materials, namely f‐SiO2, SBA‐15, IITM‐41, and MCM‐41 were employed as the matrices for immobilizing endoxylanase by adsorption method. The equilibrium kinetics, activation energy, and thermodynamic parameters associated with endoxylanase adsorption were investigated. Our findings revealed a two‐phase adsorption mechanism: an initial phase featuring rapid adsorption rates, succeeded by a slower phase wherein adsorption gradually progressed until equilibrium was attained. Analysis of the adsorption kinetic data indicated a better fit with the pseudo‐second‐order model, suggesting chemisorption and highlighting its temperature dependency. The calculated activation energy (Ea) values fell within the range of physisorption, indicating the involvement of both types of adsorption processes. Thermodynamic assessments confirmed that the adsorption reactions were spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic. Notably, the immobilization process did not change the optimum pH of the enzyme, while the optimum temperature shifted slightly. Furthermore, immobilized enzymes show a higher reaction rate (Vmax) than the soluble XynC. All immobilized xylanases produced xylobiose (X2) to xylohexose (X6) by hydrolyzing the xylan substrate. Recycling studies showed that up to 80 % of the yield was retained after seven cycles of reuse. Our study demonstrates the potential of nanostructured silica as an effective immobilization matrix for enzymes of industrial significance.
Inclusion of Reduced Graphene Oxide to Silk Fibroin Hydrogels Improve the Conductive, Swelling and Wound Healing Capacity
Authors: Ruiz Isleidy , Castro Sofía , Aedo Valentina , Tapia Mauricio , González Luisbel , Aguayo Claudio , Fernández Katherina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeveloping dressing for wound dressings represents a significant challenge for the scientific community. In this study, a conductive hydrogel was synthesized to promote the wound‐healing process. This hydrogel is composed of silk fibroin (SF), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and glycerol (G). The impact of modifying the SF:rGO ratio, and the G content (%), on the physicochemical and biological properties. The hydrogels were characterized using FT‐IR, SEM, XRD, TGA, swelling, mechanical resistance, and conductivity. The cytotoxicity of the materials and their wound‐healing capacity in human fibroblasts were also determined. Chemical analysis revealed that the gelation of SF occurs due to the formation of β sheet structures, which was confirmed by the shift from amide I to amide II. An Increase in the SF:rGO ratio favored swelling behavior, although increasing G reduced this effect. The swelling of the hydrogel followed a Fick diffusion mechanism. Furthermore, the increase in the SF:rGO ratio and the percentage G improved the conductivity of the materials. The hydrogels were found to be non‐cytotoxic to human fibroblasts, and those containing rGO exhibited superior wound healing capacity compared to the positive control cell culture medium. Therefore, SF:rGO hydrogels could be considered promising candidates for wound dressing.
Efficient Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives as Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Abbas Hebat‐Allah S. , Ahmed Eman H. , Fouda Ahmed M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA series of new pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine 4–15 derivatives were synthesized starting from 3,5‐diaminopyrazole derivatives 3 a,b as precursor using a simple, efficient procedure, and screened for their in‐vitro antimicrobial activities. All the synthesized compounds were fully characterized by IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, MS spectral data, and elemental analysis. Among the investigated against the antimicrobial activity, compounds 4 b, 4 d, 4 e, 8 b, 9 and 12 showed the best activity. The remaining compounds were found to have weak activity against gram‐positive and gram‐negative.