bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two histidine kinases can sense different stress cues for activation of the MAPK Hog1 in a fungal insect pathogen
Authors: Liu Jing , Tong Sen‐Miao , Qiu Lei , Ying Sheng‐Hua , Feng Ming‐Guang 
Published: July 2017

SummaryFilamentous fungi possess a large family of histidine kinases (HKs) classified to 11 distinct groups. Of those, only Group III (HK3) homologues in some fungi can sense osmotic, fungicidal and/or oxidative cues upstream of the signalling MAPK Hog1 cascade that usually governs two hallmark phenotypes, i.e., osmotolerance and dicarboximide/phenylpyrrole fungicide resistance. Here we examined functions of all eight HK groups with each possessing a single member in Beauveria bassiana. HK3 and HK8 (Group VIII) were evidently localized at hyphal cell periphery and had more functions in aerial conidiation and multiple stress responses than six other HKs. Increased osmosensitivity occurred uniquely in Δhk8 while high resistance to fludioxonil (phenylpyrrole) or iprodione (dicarboximide) fungicide appeared only in Δhk3. Phosphorylation of Hog1 was inhibited only in the Δhk3 cells triggered with fludioxonil cue and reduced only in the Δhk8 cells triggered with osmotic cue. However, an oxidative cue resulted in no signal change of phosphorylated Hog1 in either Δhk3 or Δhk8. Other Δhk mutants showed minor changes in some non‐hallmark phenotypes. Altogether, HK3 and HK8 act as unique sensors of fungicidal and hyperosmotic cues respectively, upstream of the Hog1 cascade that regulates fungicidal resistance negatively and osmotolerance positively in B. bassiana.
Microbial community structure and soil pH correspond to methane production in Arctic Alaska soils
Authors: Wagner Robert , Zona Donatella , Oechel Walter , Lipson David 
Published: July 2017

SummaryWhile there is no doubt that biogenic methane production in the Arctic is an important aspect of global methane emissions, the relative roles of microbial community characteristics and soil environmental conditions in controlling Arctic methane emissions remains uncertain. Here, relevant methane‐cycling microbial groups were investigated at two remote Arctic sites with respect to soil potential methane production (PMP). Percent abundances of methanogens and iron‐reducing bacteria correlated with increased PMP, while methanotrophs correlated with decreased PMP. Interestingly, α‐diversity of the methanogens was positively correlated with PMP, while β‐diversity was unrelated to PMP. The β‐diversity of the entire microbial community, however, was related to PMP. Shannon diversity was a better correlate of PMP than Simpson diversity across analyses, while rarefied species richness was a weak correlate of PMP. These results demonstrate the following: first, soil pH and microbial community structure both probably control methane production in Arctic soils. Second, there may be high functional redundancy in the methanogens with regard to methane production. Third, iron‐reducing bacteria co‐occur with methanogens in Arctic soils, and iron‐reduction‐mediated effects on methanogenesis may be controlled by α‐ and β‐diversity. And finally, species evenness and rare species abundances may be driving relationships between microbial groups, influencing Arctic methane production.
Cascading Bias of Initial Exposure to Information at the Crime Scene to the Subsequent Evaluation of Skeletal Remains,
Authors: Nakhaeizadeh Sherry , Morgan Ruth M. , Rando Carolyn , Dror Itiel E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThirty‐eight participants took part in a study that investigated the potential cascading effects of initial exposure to extraneous context upon subsequent decision‐making. Participants investigated a mock crime scene, which included the excavation of clandestine burials that had a male skeletal cast dressed either in female or gender neutral clothing. This was followed by a forensic anthropological assessment of the skeletal remains, with a control group assessing the same male skeletal cast without any clothing context. The results indicated that the sex assessment was highly dependent upon the context in which participants were exposed to prior to the analysis. This was especially noticeable in the female clothing context where only one participant determined the male skeletal cast to be male. The results demonstrate the importance of understanding the role of context in forensic anthropology at an early stage of an investigation and its potential cascading effect on subsequent assessments.
Disseminated Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection with Escherichia Coli Coinfection
Authors: Krehbiel Kacy , Singh Veena 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNeonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is an uncommon disease that rarely presents as sudden unexpected death of a previously healthy newborn. Clinical manifestations are variable; signs and symptoms may be subtle and nonspecific. Neonatal infection may present with mucocutaneous (skin, eye, and/or mouth), disseminated, or central nervous system disease. Morbidity and mortality are dependent upon disease presentation and treatment. The infection is most frequently transmitted during the peripartum period, although the majority of mothers have no known history of HSV infection at the time of delivery. Findings at autopsy include gastrointestinal or mucocutaneous ulcers, diffuse hepatic necrosis, adrenal necrosis, pneumonitis, and splenic necrosis. Characteristic intranuclear viral inclusions are identified on microscopic examination. Coinfection with bacterial organisms may contribute to death. Autopsy examination with appropriate ancillary studies, including cultures, is critical given that many infants lack cutaneous manifestations of disease and remain undiagnosed prior to death.
Whitefly feeding behavior and retention of a foregut‐borne crinivirus exposed to artificial diets with different pH values
Authors: Zhou Jaclyn S. , Chen Angel Y. S. , Drucker Martin , Lopez Nicole H. , Carpenter Alyssa , Ng James C. K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTransmission of plant viruses by phytophagous hemipteran insects encompasses complex interactions underlying a continuum of processes involved in virus acquisition, retention and inoculation combined with vector feeding behavior. Here, we investigated the effects of dietary pH on whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) feeding behavior and release of Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) virions retained in the vector's foregut. Electrical penetration graph analysis revealed that variables associated with whitefly probing and ingestion did not differ significantly in pH (4, 7.4, and 9) adjusted artificial diets. To investigate virus retention and release, whiteflies allowed to acquire LIYV virions in a pH 7.4 artificial diet were fed pH 4, 7.4, or 9 virion‐free artificial (clearing) diets. Immunofluorescent localization analyses indicated that virions remained bound to the foreguts of approximately 20%–24% of vectors after they fed on each of the 3 pH‐adjusted clearing diets. When RNA preparations from the clearing diets were analyzed by reverse transcription (RT) nested‐PCR and, in some cases, real‐time qPCR, successful amplification of LIYV‐specific sequence was infrequent but consistently repeatable for the pH 7.4 diet but never observed for the pH 4 and 9 diets, suggesting a weak pH‐dependent effect for virion release. Viruliferous vectors that fed on each of the 3 pH‐adjusted clearing diets transmitted LIYV to virus‐free plants. These results suggest that changes in pH values alone in artificial diet do not result in observable changes in whitefly feeding behaviors, an observation that marks a first in the feeding of artificial diet by whitefly vectors; and that there is a potential causal and contingent relationship between the pH in artificial diet and the release/inoculation of foregut bound virions.
Prebiotic Potential and Chemical Composition of Seven Culinary Spice Extracts
Authors: Lu Qing‐Yi , Summanen Paula H. , Lee Ru‐Po , Huang Jianjun , Henning Susanne M. , Heber David , Finegold Sydney M. , Li Zhaoping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate prebiotic potential, chemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of spice extracts. Seven culinary spices including black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, ginger, Mediterranean oregano, rosemary, and turmeric were extracted with boiling water. Major chemical constituents were characterized by RP‐HPLC‐DAD method and antioxidant capacity was determined by measuring colorimetrically the extent to scavenge ABTS radical cations. Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. A total of 14 phenolic compounds, a piperine, cinnamic acid, and cinnamaldehyde were identified and quantitated. Spice extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity that correlated with the total amount of major chemicals. All spice extracts, with the exception of turmeric, enhanced the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. All spices exhibited inhibitory activity against selected Ruminococcus species. Cinnamon, oregano, and rosemary were active against selected Fusobacterium strains and cinnamon, rosemary, and turmeric were active against selected Clostridium spp. Some spices displayed prebiotic‐like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. The identification and quantification of spice‐specific phytochemicals provided insight into the potential influence of these chemicals on the gut microbial communities and activities. Future research on the connections between spice‐induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed.
Use of Laser‐Etched Pouches to Control the Volume Expansion of Kimchi Packages During Distribution: Impact of Packaging and Storage on Quality Characteristics
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Gyu , Yoo SeungRan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUse of laser‐etched pouches was investigated to develop kimchi packages with gas control functions. According to the degree of laser processing, the headspace pressure, atmospheric composition, and water vapor transmission rate of the kimchi packages were measured to investigate the potential use of laser‐etched packages for kimchi. In addition, the pH, titratable acidity, organic acid, and microbial population of the packaged kimchi were examined to study the effect of packaging and storage conditions on its quality characteristics. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the pouches with a high gas transmission rate was less than that in other pouches (P < 0.05), indicating that low a carbon dioxide concentration resulted in less volume expansion. During the storage period (P < 0.05), the gas pressure in some pouches started to increase after the 15th d at 10 °C. Few differences were observed between the quality characteristics of kimchi (for example, pH, titratable acidity, organic acid, and microbial count). In addition, this study indicated that the higher the storage temperature, the more rapid the fermentation. Consequently, laser‐etched pouches demonstrate the potential for controlling the gas, which in turn maintains the quality of kimchi. The use of laser‐etched films could exert marked effects on alleviating the volume expansion or pressure build‐up in kimchi packages.
Using Preferred Attribute Elicitation to Determine How Males and Females Evaluate Beer
Authors: Muggah Elizabeth M. , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe variety of beers available for consumption has increased due to the recent emergence of many craft brewing operations and it has been suggested that this is affecting how consumers evaluate beer. Currently, beer consumers are mostly male and only 20% of women are primarily beer drinkers. The main objective of this project is to compare and contrast descriptions of beer products created by males and females. The preferred attribute elicitation (PAE) method was used to create a description of 4 beers common to residents of Nova Scotia, Canada. Four PAE sessions were held: 2 sessions consisted of females (n = 16 and 15) and 2 sessions of males (n = 11 and 17). Four beer samples were chosen from locally available commercial beers, 2 of these samples were considered to be craft‐brewed beer and the other samples were nationally available brands (macrobrewed). Both the males and females generated descriptions that included 5 identical terms; however, they differed in the importance they assigned to each attribute. Notably, bitterness was perceived to be of more importance to female panelists. Throughout all PAE sessions, the craft‐brewed beers were associated with considerably more sensory attributes than the macrobrewed beers. It can be concluded that both the female and male groups found discernible differences between the craft and macrobrewed beers; however, they place importance on different sensory attributes.
The fitness costs and benefits of antibiotic resistance in drug‐free microenvironments encountered in the human body
Authors: Maharjan Ram , Ferenci Thomas 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe relationship between bacterial drug resistance and growth fitness is a contentious topic, but some antibiotic resistance mutations clearly have a fitness cost in the laboratory. Whether these costs translate into deleterious effects in natural habitats is less certain however. Previously, fitness effects of resistance mutations were mostly characterized in nutrient‐rich, fast‐growth conditions, which bacteria rarely encounter in natural habitats. Carbon, phosphate, iron or oxygen limitations are conditions met by bacterial pathogens in various compartments of the human body. Here, we measured the fitness of four different rpoB mutations commonly found in rifampicin‐resistant bacterial isolates. The fitness properties and the emergence of these and other alleles were studied in Escherichia coli populations growing under nutrient excess and in four different nutrient‐limited states. Consistent with previous findings, all four mutations exhibited deleterious fitness effects under nutrient‐rich conditions. In stark contrast, we found positive or neutral fitness effects under nutrient‐limited conditions. Two particular rpoB alleles had a remarkable fitness increase under phosphate limitation and these alleles arose to high frequencies specifically under phosphate limitation. These findings suggest that it is not meaningful to draw general conclusions on fitness costs without considering bacterial microenvironments in humans and other animals.
Anti‐aging pharmacology in cutaneous wound healing: effects of metformin, resveratrol, and rapamycin by local application
Authors: Zhao Pan , Sui Bing‐Dong , Liu Nu , Lv Ya‐Jie , Zheng Chen‐Xi , Lu Yong‐Bo , Huang Wen‐Tao , Zhou Cui‐Hong , Chen Ji , Pang Dan‐Lin , Fei Dong‐Dong , Xuan Kun , Hu Cheng‐Hu , Jin Yan 
Published: July 2017

SummaryCutaneous wounds are among the most common soft tissue injuries and are particularly hard to heal in aging. Caloric restriction (CR) is well documented to extend longevity; pharmacologically, profound rejuvenative effects of CR mimetics have been uncovered, especially metformin (MET), resveratrol (RSV), and rapamycin (RAPA). However, locally applied impacts and functional differences of these agents on wound healing remain to be established. Here, we discovered that chronic topical administration of MET and RSV, but not RAPA, accelerated wound healing with improved epidermis, hair follicles, and collagen deposition in young rodents, and MET exerted more profound effects. Furthermore, locally applied MET and RSV improved vascularization of the wound beds, which were attributed to stimulation of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, the key mediator of wound healing. Notably, in aged skin, AMPK pathway was inhibited, correlated with impaired vasculature and reduced healing ability. As therapeutic approaches, local treatments of MET and RSV prevented age‐related AMPK suppression and angiogenic inhibition in wound beds. Moreover, in aged rats, rejuvenative effects of topically applied MET and RSV on cell viability of wound beds were confirmed, of which MET showed more prominent anti‐aging effects. We further verified that only MET promoted wound healing and cutaneous integrity in aged skin. These findings clarified differential effects of CR‐based anti‐aging pharmacology in wound healing, identified critical angiogenic and rejuvenative mechanisms through AMPK pathway in both young and aged skin, and unraveled chronic local application of MET as the optimal and promising regenerative agent in treating cutaneous wound defects.
Delirium in a residential care facility: An exploratory study of staff knowledge
Authors: Buettel Amy , Cleary Michelle , Bramble Marguerite 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo explore staff knowledge of delirium by eliciting meaning through descriptions of their experiences within a residential aged care facility (RACF).MethodsSix staff from one RACF in Australia participated in this qualitative study. Semi‐structured individual interviews were conducted and analysed using Colaizzi's analytical framework.ResultsThe analysis revealed four themes: (i) absence of the word delirium; (ii) care based on intuition and automated actions; (iii) reliance on teamwork; and (iv) confusing delirium, depression and dementia.ConclusionDelirium was absent from clinical discourse in the RACF. Although participants concluded that delirium was common, lack of knowledge led to under‐assessment. Findings emphasise the need for staff education, informed assessment and clinical guidelines to better support staff care for residents.
Analysis of KERA in four families with cornea plana identifies two novel mutations
Authors: Dudakova Lubica , Vercruyssen Jang Hee J. , Balikova Irina , Postolache Lavina , Leroy Bart P. , Skalicka Pavlina , Liskova Petra 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeTo identify the molecular genetic cause in four families of various ethnic backgrounds with cornea plana.MethodsDetailed ophthalmological examination and direct sequencing of the KERA coding region in five patients of Czech and Turkish origin and their available family members.ResultsCompound heterozygosity for a novel missense mutation c.209C>T; p.(Pro70Leu) and a novel splice site mutation c.887‐1G>A in KERA were detected in two affected siblings of Czech origin. In silico analysis supported the pathogenicity of both variants. The second proband of Czech origin harboured c.835C>T; p.(Arg279*) in a homozygous state. Homozygous mutations c.740A>G; p.(Asn247Ser) and c.674C>T; p.(Ile225Thr) were identified in the Turkish probands, both born out of consanguineous marriages. Observed ocular phenotypes were typical of cornea plana with the exception of one Czech patient who also had marked thinning and protrusion in the superior part of the left cornea (mean keratometry 47.2 D). No corneal endothelial cell pathology was found by specular microscopy in seven eyes, in three eyes visualization of the posterior corneal surface was unsuccessful.ConclusionKERA mutation c.740A>G has been identified to date in three different populations, which makes it the most frequently occurring mutation in patients with cornea plana. Marked corneal thinning and ectasia are a very rare finding in this disorder and longitudinal follow‐up needs to be performed to determine its potential progressive nature.
Vitrectomy with a modified temporal inverted limiting membrane flap to reconstruct the foveolar architecture for macular hole retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes
Authors: Ho Tzyy‐Chang , Ho Allen , Chen Muh‐Shy 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeWe investigated the surgical results of macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD) with a modified C‐shaped temporal inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap to reconstruct the foveolar architecture in highly myopic eyes.MethodsEighteen highly myopic eyes with MHRD in 17 patients who underwent a vitrectomy with a modified C‐shaped temporal inverted ILM flap were followed for 12 months. Anatomic outcomes were evaluated by fundus examinations and optical coherence tomography. The preoperative and postoperative best‐corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) were compared as functional outcomes.ResultsWomen accounted for 88% of the MHRD patients. The mean age was 60.2 ± 8.2 years. The mean axial length was 29.25 ± 2.10 mm. Type 1 and type 2 MHRD was present in four eyes and 14 eyes, respectively. After a single surgery, the hole was closed in 18 eyes (100%). Retinal attachment was achieved in 95%. Persistent shallow subretinal fluid (SRF) was noted in one case, which was resolved at follow‐up. The surgery significantly improved BCVAs (from 1.7 ± 0.6 to 0.72 ± 0.4 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units [p < 0.001]) at the last visit. In total, 94.4% of the eyes had restored foveolar architecture. Ellipsoid zone recovery within the foveola was found in 77.8% of the eyes.ConclusionA vitrectomy and modified C‐shaped inverted temporal ILM flap is effective for closing MHs, reattaching the retina, restoring the foveolar architecture and significantly improving the postoperative BCVA in MHRD patients. This technique is feasible, and we propose ‘presumed’ Müller cell cone repair in MHRD surgery.
Editorial: volatile organic compounds in breath for monitoring IBD—longitudinal studies are essential. Authors’ reply
Authors: Smolinska A. , van Schooten F. J. 
Published: July 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Williams and Orchard, and Smolinska et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14135 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14004.
Editorial: gut selective immunosuppression—is it a double edged sword? Authors’ reply
Authors: Bye W. A. , Jairath V. , Travis S. P. L. 
Published: July 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Bye et al, and Sheridan and Doherty papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14075 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14149.
Editorial: hepatitis C direct acting antiviral agents and the kidney—authors’ reply
Authors: Maan R. , Feld J. J. , Duarte‐Rojo A. 
Published: July 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Maan et al, and Hussaini and Yoshida papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14117 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14161.