bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Adverse Effects of Auditory Stress on Mouse Uterus Receptivity and Behaviour
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Faraji Jamshid , Mirza Agha Behroo , Metz Gerlinde A. S. , Kolb Bryan E. , Mohajerani Majid H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStress during gestation has harmful effects on pregnancy outcome and can lead to spontaneous abortion. Few studies, however, have addressed the impact of gestational stress, particularly auditory stress, on behavioural performance and pregnancy outcome in mice. This study aimed to examine the effect of two types of gestational stress on uterus receptivity and behavioural performance. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either auditory or physical stress conditions or a control condition from gestational days 12–16. The auditory stress regimen used loud 3000 Hz tone, while the physical stressor consisted of restraint and exposure to an elevated platform. Three behavioural tests were performed in the dams after weaning. Uterine receptivity was investigated by counting the number of sites of implantation and fetal resorption. Also, the offspring survival rates during the early postnatal period were calculated. Auditory stress caused an increase in anxiety-like behaviour, reduced time spent exploring new object/environment, and reduced balance when compared to the physical stress and control groups. Auditory stress also caused higher rates of resorbed embryos and reduction of litter size. Our results suggest that the adverse effect of noise stress is stronger than physical stress for both uterus receptivity and behavioural performance of the dams.
Temporal variation in associations between temperature and years of life lost in a southern China city with typical subtropical climate
Authors: Li Guoxing , Huang Jing , Xu Guozhang , Pan Xiaochuan , Qian Xujun , Xu Jiaying , Zhao Yan , Zhang Tao , Liu Qichen , Guo Xinbiao , He Tianfeng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThough some studies have explored the association between temperature and years of life lost (YLL), limited evidence is available regarding the effect of temporal variation on the temperature-YLL relationship, especially in developing countries. We explored temporal variation in the associations between temperature and YLL before and after 2013 heat waves (period I: Jan 2008 to Sep 2013, period II: Oct 2013 to Dec 2015) in Ningbo, a southern China city with typical subtropical climate. The heat associations showed an increasing trend. The number of YLL due to heat-related respiratory mortality was significantly higher in period II (46.03, 95% CI: 11.97, 80.08) than in period I (7.21, 95% CI: −10.04, 24.46) among married individuals. In contrast, the cold associations presented an attenuating trend, and the number of YLL due to non-accidental mortality was significantly lower in period II (262.32, 95% CI: −304.18, 828.83) than in period I (916.78, 95% CI: 596.05, 1237.51). These results indicate more effort still needed to be made to reduce heat-related YLL even after periods of extreme heat. Furthermore, using YLL provided complementary information for identifying vulnerable subgroups, which has important implications for the planning of public health interventions.
RNA editing of the AMD1 gene is important for ascus maturation and ascospore discharge in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Cao Shulin , He Yi , Hao Chaofeng , Xu Yan , Zhang Hongchang , Wang Chenfang , Liu Huiquan , Xu Jin-Rong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAscospores are the primary inoculum in the wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum that was recently shown to have sexual stage-specific A-to-I RNA editing. One of the genes with premature-stop-codons requiring A-to-I editing to encode full-length functional proteins is AMD1 that encodes a protein with a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) domain. Here, we characterized the functions of AMD1 and its UAG to UGG editing event. The amd1 deletion mutant was normal in growth and conidiation but defective in ascospore discharge due to the premature breakdown of its ascus wall in older perithecia, which is consistent with the specific expression of AMD1 at later stages of sexual development. Expression of the wild-type or edited allele of AMD1 but not un-editable allele rescued the defects of amd1 in ascospore discharge. Furthermore, Amd1-GFP localized to the ascus membrane and Amd1 orthologs are only present in ascocarp-forming fungi that physically discharge ascospores. Interestingly, deletion of AMD1 results in the up-regulation of a number of genes related to transporter activity and membrane functions. Overall, these results indicated that Amd1 may play a critical role in maintaining ascus wall integrity during ascus maturation, and A-to-I editing of its transcripts is important for ascospore discharge in F. graminearum.
Chemogenetic silencing of GABAergic dorsal horn interneurons induces morphine-resistant spontaneous nocifensive behaviours
Authors: Koga Keisuke , Kanehisa Kensho , Kohro Yuta , Shiratori-Hayashi Miho , Tozaki-Saitoh Hidetoshi , Inoue Kazuhide , Furue Hidemasa , Tsuda Makoto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInhibitory interneurons in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) are crucial for processing somatosensory information originating in the periphery. However, the effects of the acute and selective inactivation of GABAergic SDH interneurons on pain processing are not fully understood. In this study, we used designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) technology and vesicular GABA transporter-Cre (Vgat-Cre) mice to selectively express a modified human muscarinic Gi protein-coupled receptor (hM4Di) in Vgat-Cre+ GABAergic SDH interneurons in the fourth lumbar segment. We found that clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) treatment rapidly hyperpolarized these neurons and induced spontaneous nocifensive behaviours in these mice. In Vgat-Creneg lamina II neurons, CNO produced facilitation of A fibre-mediated polysynaptic excitatory responses, an effect that required N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation. The CNO-induced nocifensive behaviours were also reduced by NMDA receptor antagonism. Moreover, these nocifensive behaviours were suppressed by pregabalin but resistant to morphine. Our findings indicate that Vgat-Cre+ SDH interneurons play an important role in morphine-resistant nocifensive behaviours and suggest that this approach may provide a useful model for understanding the mechanisms of opioid-resistant pain signalling and for developing novel analgesics.
Visualizing Temperature Mediated Activation of Gelsolin and Its Deactivation By Pip2: A Saxs Based Study
Authors: Badmalia Maulik D. , Singh Shikha , Garg Renu , Ashish  
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis is the first report describing temperature based initiation of gelsolin’s F-actin depolymerization activity, even in absence of free Ca2+ or low pH. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and circular dichroism (CD) studies revealed that temperature in the range of 30–40 °C is capable of opening the G1 domain alone, as remaining domains are held together by the Ca2+-sensitive C-tail latch without any loss in the secondary structural content. Full opening of all domains of tail-less gelsolin, and retention of closed shape for G2–G6 gelsolin merely by heating, further substantiated our findings. The Ca2+/pH independent activity of gelsolin near physiological temperature brought out a query: whether gelsolin is always active, and if not, what might deactivate it? Earlier, PIP2 has been reported to render gelsolin inactive with no structural insight. Reduction in shape parameters and modeling revealed that PIP2 reverses the temperature induced extension of g1-g2 linker leading to a compact shape seen for Ca2+-free gelsolin. Similar results for partially activated gelsolin (by low pH or Ca2+ ions below 0.1 μM) imply that inside cells, depolymerization, capping, and nucleation of F-actin by gelsolin is regulated by the culmination of local Ca2+ ion concentration, pH, temperature and PIP2 levels.
Visible ns‐pulse laser oscillation in Pr‐doped double‐clad structured waterproof fluoride glass fibre with SESAM
Authors: Kajikawa Shota , Yoshida Minoru , Motokoshi Shinji , Ishii Osamu , Yamazaki Masaaki , Fujimoto Yasushi 
Published: June 2017

A visible Q‐switched pulse train at 639 nm was successfully generated in a Pr‐doped double‐clad structured waterproof fluoride glass fibre with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. The slope efficiency was calculated as 36.3%. The pulse duration and the radio frequency were measured as 270 ns and 107 kHz at 596 mW of absorbed power, respectively. The pulse energy and the pulse peak power were calculated as 1.32 μJ and 4.87 W, respectively.
Normative Values of Y Balance Test and Isometric Muscle Strength among Saudi School Children
Authors: Alhusaini Adel , Alnahdi Ali , Melam Ganeswararao , Aldali Ali , Al-Mutairi Mohammed , Alenzi Abdulaziz 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Background To establish children-specific reference values for the Y-balance test (YBT) and Isometric muscle strength in school children of Saudi Arabia and to elucidate the relationship between YBT performance and lower limb muscle strength.
Materials & Methods Healthy School children (51 males) aged 12–15 years volunteered to participate in this study. Participants completed the YBT and maximal isometric muscle strength testing for knee extensors and flexors in a single testing session. Descriptive statistics were used to compute the YBT and muscle strength reference values. Paired t-tests were used to examine interlimb differences. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to quantify the linear relationships between YBT distances and lower limb strength.
Results Tabulated children-specific reference values were presented for the right, left, dominant and non-dominant limbs. Participants exhibited longer distance in the posteromedial direction standing on the right (p=0.04), stronger knee extensors (p=0.03) on the dominant side and stronger knee flexors in the right side (p=0.01) and in the dominant side (p=0.01). Knee flexors muscle strength was positively related to the reach distances of the YBT in both the right and the left lower extremity (P<0.05).
Conclusion The current study provided the reference value for the YBT and muscle strength for the knee extensors and flexors in male children in Saudi Arabia. The interlimb difference in YBT performance was noted in only the posteromedial direction and the dominant side had stronger knee flexors and extensors. Muscle strength of the knee flexors was positively related to the reach distance in the YBT.
Initial Treatment of Patients with Primary Breast Cancer: Evidence, Controversies, Consensus
Authors: Untch Michael , Huober Jens , Jackisch Christian , Schneeweiss Andreas , Brucker Sara , Dall Peter , Denkert Carsten , Fasching Peter , Fehm Tanja , Gerber Bernd , Janni Wolfgang , Kühn Thorsten , Lüftner Diana , Möbus Volker , Müller Volkmar , Rody Achim , Sinn Peter , Thill Marc , Thomssen Christoph , Harbeck Nadia , Liedtke Cornelia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe St. Gallen International Consensus Conference on the treatment of patients with primary breast cancer has been held regularly (every second year in the last six years) for more than 30 years. This year, the findings of the International St. Gallen Consensus Panel and their implications for clinical practice were again discussed by a German working group of leading breast cancer specialists. Five of the breast cancer specialists from Germany were also members of this yearʼs St. Gallen panel. A comparison between the St. Gallen recommendations and the annually updated treatment guidelines of the Gynecologic Oncology Group (AGO 2017) and the S3-guideline agreed upon in 2017 is useful. The recommendations of the St. Gallen panel represent an international cross-section of opinions of experts from different countries and different disciplines, while the S3-guideline and AGO guidelines are evidence-based. The motto of this yearʼs 15th St. Gallen Conference was “Escalating and De-Escalating”. The rationale behind this concept was to promote more individualized treatment and thereby reduce overtreatment as well as undertreatment.
Observational evidence for constant gas accretion rate since z = 5
Authors: Spring Eleanor F. , Michałowski Michał J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Star formation rate density (SFRD) has not been constant throughout the history of the Universe. The rate at which stars form greatly affects the evolution of the Universe, but the factors which drive SFRD evolution remain uncertain. There must be sufficient amount of gas to fuel the star formation, either as a reservoir within a galaxy, or as inflow from the intergalactic medium (IGM). This work explores how the gas accretion rate on to galaxies over time has affected star formation rate. We propose a novel method of measuring cosmic gas accretion rate. This involves comparing the comoving densities of available H i and H2 gas and the densities of existing stars at different redshifts. We constrained gas accretion until z = 5, and we found that the gas accretion rate density (GARD) is relatively constant in the range from z = 5 to z = 0. This constancy in the GARD is not reflected by the SFRD, which declines significantly between z = 1.0 and z = 0. This work suggests that the decline is not due to a reduction in GARD.
Immediate Versus Delayed Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation for Acute Motor Deficits
Authors: Petr Ondra , Glodny Bernhard , Brawanski Konstantin , Kerschbaumer Johannes , Freyschlag Christian , Pinggera Daniel , Rehwald Rafael , Hartmann Sebastian , Ortler Martin , Thomé Claudius 
Published: June 2017

Study Design.
A retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of time to surgery in patients with motor deficits (MDs) on their functional outcome. The current single-center study presents results of emergency surgery for LDH in a group of patients with acute paresis in a “real-world” setting.

Summary of Background Data.
MDs are a frequent symptom of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Although surgery within 48 hours has been recommended for cauda-equina syndrome, the best timing of surgery for acute MDs continues to be debated. The effect of early surgery has been proposed but remains to be unproven.

Methods.
A total of 330 patients with acute paresis caused by LDH acutely referred to our department and surgically treated using microsurgical discectomy from January 2013 to December 2015 were included. Based on the duration of MD and surgical timing, all patients were classified into two categories: Group I included all patients with paresis <48 hours and Group II included all patients with paresis >48 hours. Patient demographics, LDH/clinical/treatment characteristics, and outcomes were collected prospectively.
Severity of paresis [Medical Research Council (MRC) Grade 0–4], surgery-related complications, functional recovery of motor/sensory deficits, sciatica, retreatment/recurrence rates, and overall neurological outcome were analyzed.

Results.
Group I showed significantly faster recovery of moderate/severe paresis (MRC 0–3) at discharge, and 6-weeks/3-months follow up (P ≤ 0.001), whereas there were no significant differences in recovery for mild paresis (MRC 4). Sensory deficits also recovered substantially faster in Group I at 6-weeks (P = 0.003) and 3-months follow up (P = 0.045). Body mass index, preoperative MRC-grade, and duration of MDs were identified as significant predictors for recovery of paresis at all follow ups with substantial impact on patient reported outcomes including sciatica and/or dermatomal sensory deficits.

Conclusion.
Given the superior rates of neurological recovery of acute moderate/severe MDs, immediate surgery should be the primary option. However, a prospective randomized clinical trial is needed to confirm the superiority of emergency surgery.

Level of Evidence: 3
Effect of Visual Art School–Based Stroke Intervention for Middle School Students
Authors: Johnson Ashleigh B. , Montgomery Chelsea M. , Dillard Wesley A. , Morrill Kenneth , Hoesli Coral , Gillette Wesley M. , Johnson Brandon K. , Nathaniel Thomas I. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Background: Community stroke awareness initiatives have traditionally been used to expand knowledge of stroke signs and risk factors to high-risk adult populations. Here, we use a novel unfettered, visual art–based approach for an elementary school initiative to raise stroke awareness. Methods: Seventh graders in a middle school art class received stroke awareness training during the course of the 2015 to 2016 school year through their teacher in the visual arts class. In turn, they used this training to develop their own artistic interpretations of key stroke awareness concepts via project-based learning and then present their projects to raise awareness about stroke. We evaluated our predata and postdata to determine whether the visual art school–based stroke intervention was effective in both educating students about stroke and enabling them to effectively disseminate this information to parents and other adults in their community. Results: The pretest evaluation indicates a fair or good knowledge about stroke, and no student indicated an “outstanding” or “excellent” knowledge. The posttest evaluation indicated a higher degree of stroke awareness because students were rated as having an “outstanding,” “excellent,” or “very good” performance especially in the ability to translate knowledge of stroke awareness lessons learned in their art class into a well-articulated stroke-related project and presentation. Pearson χ2 test reveals significant difference (P < .001) between the pretest and posttest evaluations. Conclusions: Our results indicate that our school-based stroke intervention was effective in both educating students about stroke and enabling them to effectively disseminate this information to parents and other adults in their community. The use of a visual art teacher to lead the educational component in the intervention indicates that expertise in neurology or stroke is not necessary to facilitate understanding of stroke and highlights the importance of creativeness in stroke education for children.
Late-Term Gestation Is Associated With Improved Survival in Neonates With Congenital Heart Disease Following Postoperative Extracorporeal Life Support*
Authors: McKenzie Jane M. , Scodellaro Thomas , d’Udekem Yves , Chiletti Roberto , Butt Warwick , Namachivayam Siva P. 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
Several population-based studies have shown that gestational age 39–40 weeks at birth is associated with superior outcomes in various pediatric settings. A high proportion of births for neonates with congenital heart disease occur before 39 weeks. We aimed to assess the influence of late-term gestation (39–40 wk) on survival in neonates requiring extracorporeal life support following surgery for congenital heart disease.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

Patients:
Neonates requiring extracorporeal life support after cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease.

Measurements and Main Results:
From 2005 to 2014, 110 neonates (10.5% of neonates undergoing cardiac surgery) required extracorporeal life support after cardiac surgery. Indications were failure to separate from cardiopulmonary bypass in 40 (36%), extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 48 (44%), progressive low cardiac output in 15 (14%), and other reasons in seven (6%). Extracorporeal life support duration was 94 hours (interquartile range, 53–135), and 54 (49%) underwent single ventricle repair. Gestation at birth (n [%]) was as follows: less than 37 weeks, 19 (17%); 37–38 weeks, 38 (35%); 39–40 weeks, 50 (45%); 41 weeks or more, 3 (3%). By multivariable analysis (controlling for age, era of extracorporeal life support 2005–2009 vs 2010–2014, single ventricle status and acute renal failure), gestational age of 39–40 weeks was associated with the lowest odds for intensive care mortality: using less than 37 weeks as referent, the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for 37–38 weeks was 0.41 (0.12–1.33); for 39–40 weeks, 0.27 (0.08–0.84); and for 41 weeks or more, 1.06 (0.07–14.7). Similar association was also seen in a subcohort of study neonates (n = 66) who were commenced on extracorporeal life support after admission to intensive care: using less than 37 weeks as referent, the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for 37–38 weeks was 0.52 (0.10–2.80) and for 39–40 weeks, 0.15 (0.03–0.81).

Conclusions:
In this cohort of neonates requiring extracorporeal life support following cardiac surgery, 39–40 weeks of gestation at birth is associated with the best survival. The additional maturity gained by reaching a gestation of at least 39 weeks is likely to confer a survival advantage in this high-risk cohort.
Tumor-to-Nipple Distance as a Predictor of Nipple Involvement: Expanding the Inclusion Criteria for Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Dent Briar L. , Miller Jake A. , Eden Daniel J. , Swistel Alexander , Talmor Mia 
Published: June 2017

Background:
A tumor-to-nipple distance of greater than 2 cm has traditionally been considered a criterion for nipple-sparing mastectomy. This study evaluates whether magnetic resonance imaging and sonographic measurements of tumor-to-nipple distance accurately reflect the risk of nipple involvement by disease.

Methods:
All nipple-sparing mastectomy cases with implant-based reconstruction performed by the senior author between July 2006 and December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Therapeutic cases with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging or sonography were included.

Results:
One hundred ninety-five cases were included. Preoperative imaging consisted of sonography (n = 169), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 152), or both (n = 126). With sonography, nipple involvement did not differ between nipple-sparing mastectomy candidates and noncandidates using a tumor-to-nipple distance cutoff of 2 cm (10.7 percent versus 10.6 percent; p = 0.988) or 1 cm (9.3 percent versus 15.0 percent; p = 0.307). With magnetic resonance imaging, nipple involvement did not differ between candidates and noncandidates using a cutoff of 2 cm (11.6 percent versus 12.5 percent; p = 0.881) or 1 cm (11.4 percent versus 13.8 percent; p = 0.718). When sonography and magnetic resonance imaging findings were both available and concordant, nipple involvement still did not differ between candidates and noncandidates using a cutoff of 2 cm (8.8 percent versus 11.8 percent; p = 0.711) or 1 cm (7.6 percent versus 14.3 percent; p = 0.535).

Conclusion:
A tumor-to-nipple distance as small as 1 cm, as measured by sonography or magnetic resonance imaging, should not be considered a contraindication to nipple-sparing mastectomy.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, II.