bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of Heliospheric Arcs of Slow Solar Wind
Authors: Higginson A. K. , Antiochos S. K. , DeVore C. R. , Wyper P. F. , Zurbuchen T. H. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
A major challenge in solar and heliospheric physics is understanding the origin and nature of the so-called slow solar wind. The Sun’s atmosphere is divided into magnetically open regions, known as coronal holes, where the plasma streams out freely and fills the solar system, and closed regions, where the plasma is confined to coronal loops. The boundary between these regions extends outward as the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). Measurements of plasma composition strongly imply that much of the slow wind consists of plasma from the closed corona that escapes onto open field lines, presumably by field-line opening or by interchange reconnection. Both of these processes are expected to release closed-field plasma into the solar wind within and immediately adjacent to the HCS. Mysteriously, however, slow wind with closed-field plasma composition is often observed in situ far from the HCS. We use high-resolution, three-dimensional, magnetohydrodynamic simulations to calculate the dynamics of a coronal hole with a geometry that includes a narrow corridor flanked by closed field and is driven by supergranule-like flows at the coronal-hole boundary. These dynamics produce giant arcs of closed-field plasma that originate at the open-closed boundary in the corona, but extend far from the HCS and span tens of degrees in latitude and longitude at Earth. We conclude that such structures can account for the long-puzzling slow-wind observations.
Utility of Power Doppler Ultrasound–detected Synovitis for the Prediction of Short-term Flare in Psoriatic Patients with Arthritis in Clinical Remission
Authors: Ruta Santiago , Marin Josefina , Acosta Felquer Maria Laura , Ferreyra-Garrot Leandro , Rosa Javier , García-Monaco Ricardo , Soriano Enrique R. 
Published: May 2017

Objective.Power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) has been shown to detect subclinical synovitis in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), but its value is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate PDUS features at joint level in patients with PsA in clinical remission and to investigate its value for predicting short-term flares.Methods.Consecutive patients with PsA in clinical remission according to the attending rheumatologist and who fulfill minimal disease activity criteria and/or 28-joint Disease Activity Score in remission criteria underwent PDUS examination of 18 joints. All patients were followed up for 6 months. Disease flare was defined as any increase of disease activity generating the need of any of the following changes in therapy with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) by the attending rheumatologist: dose increase, switch or addition of a different DMARD, and/or switch or addition of biological therapies.Results.Among 54 patients with PsA in clinical remission, 15 (27.8%) experienced a flare within the next 6 months. Twenty patients had at least 1 joint with PDUS synovitis at baseline, and 13 (65%) of these had a disease flare during the followup period compared with only 2 of the 34 patients (5.9%) without baseline PDUS synovitis (relative risk = 11, 95% CI 2.8–44, p < 0.001). On logistic regression analysis, the only variables associated with short-term flares were baseline PDUS synovitis and the use of nonbiologic DMARD.Conclusion.Among patients with PsA in clinical remission, PDUS-detected synovitis was a strong predictor of short-term flare of the disease.
Healthcare Use and Direct Cost of Giant Cell Arteritis: A Population-based Study
Authors: Koster Matthew J. , Achenbach Sara J. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Maradit-Kremers Hilal , Matteson Eric L. , Warrington Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2017

Objective.To determine the healthcare use and direct medical cost of giant cell arteritis (GCA) in a population-based cohort.Methods.A well-defined, retrospective population-based cohort of Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, residents diagnosed with GCA from 1982–2009 was compared to a matched referent cohort from the same population. Standardized cost data (inflation-adjusted to 2014 US dollars) for 1987–2014 and outpatient use data for 1995–2014 were obtained. Use and costs were compared between cohorts through signed-rank paired tests, McNemar’s tests, and quantile regression models.Results.Significant annual differences in outpatient costs were observed for patients with GCA in each of the first 4 years (median differences: $2085, $437, $382, $388, respectively). In adjusted analyses, median incremental cost attributed to GCA over a 5-year period was $4662. Compared with matched referent subjects, patients with GCA had higher use of laboratory visit-days annually for each of the first 3 years following incidence/index date, and increased outpatient physician visits for years 0–1, 1–2, and 3–4. Patients with GCA had significantly more radiology visit-days in years 0–1, 3–4, and 4–5, and more ophthalmologic procedures/surgery in years 0–1, 1–2, 2–3, and 4–5 compared to non-GCA. Emergency medicine visits, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular procedures/surgery were similar between GCA and non-GCA groups throughout the study period.Conclusion.Direct medical outpatient costs were increased in the month preceding and in the first 4 years following GCA diagnosis. Higher use of outpatient physician, laboratory, and radiology visits, and ophthalmologic procedures among these patients accounts for the increased cost of care.
Type 1 Immune Mechanisms Driven by the Response to Infection with Attenuated Rabies Virus Result in Changes in the Immune Bias of the Tumor Microenvironment and Necrosis of Mouse GL261 Brain Tumors
Authors: Bongiorno Emily K. , Garcia Samantha A. , Sauma Sami , Hooper D. Craig 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Immunotherapeutic strategies for malignant glioma have to overcome the immunomodulatory activities of M2 monocytes that appear in the circulation and as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). M2 cell products contribute to the growth-promoting attributes of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and bias immunity toward type 2, away from the type 1 mechanisms with antitumor properties. To drive type 1 immunity in CNS tissues, we infected GL261 tumor–bearing mice with attenuated rabies virus (RABV). These neurotropic viruses spread to CNS tissues trans-axonally, where they induce a strong type 1 immune response that involves Th1, CD8, and B cell entry across the blood–brain barrier and virus clearance in the absence of overt sequelae. Intranasal infection with attenuated RABV prolonged the survival of mice bearing established GL261 brain tumors. Despite the failure of virus spread to the tumor, infection resulted in significantly enhanced tumor necrosis, extensive CD4 T cell accumulation, and high levels of the proinflammatory factors IFN-γ, TNF-α, and inducible NO synthase in the TME merely 4 d postinfection, before significant virus spread or the appearance of RABV-specific immune mechanisms in CNS tissues. Although the majority of infiltrating CD4 cells appeared functionally inactive, the proinflammatory changes in the TME later resulted in the loss of accumulating M2 and increased M1 TAMs. Mice deficient in the Th1 transcription factor T-bet did not gain any survival advantage from RABV infection, exhibiting only limited tumor necrosis and no change in TME cytokines or TAM phenotype and highlighting the importance of type 1 mechanisms in this process.
Finite Volume Method for Pricing European and American Options under Jump-Diffusion Models
Authors: Gan Xiao-Ting , Yin Jun-Feng , Guo Yun-Xiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA class of finite volume methods is developed for pricing either European or American options under jump-diffusion models based on a linear finite element space. An easy to implement linear interpolation technique is derived to evaluate the integral term involved, and numerical analyses show that the full discrete system matrices are M-matrices. For European option pricing, the resulting dense linear systems are solved by the generalised minimal residual (GMRES) method; while for American options the resulting linear complementarity problems (LCP) are solved using the modulus-based successive overrelaxation (MSOR) method, where the H+-matrix property of the system matrix guarantees convergence. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency and robustness of these methods.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FARNESENE-BASED POLYMERS
Authors: Yoo Taejun , Henning Steven K. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA bio-based route to the production of trans-β-farnesene has recently been commercialized. Trans-β-farnesene is capable of being polymerized by both anionic and cationic pathways, creating low molecular weight polymers with structure–property relationships unique within the diene class of monomers. Trans-β-farnesene is produced through fermentation of sugar feedstocks. The pathway offers an alternative to petroleum-based feedstocks derived as by-products of naphtha or ethane cracking. Anionic polymerization of the monomer produces a highly branched “bottlebrush” structure, with rheological properties that are markedly different than those of linear diene polymers. Specifically, a lack of entanglements is observed even at relatively high molar masses. For hydroxyl-terminated oligomers, Tg as a function of molar mass follows a trend opposite non-functional materials. The synthesis and characterization of trans-β-farnesene–based polymers will be presented, including anionically prepared low molecular weight diols and monols.
“Fez Deos tudo com numero, peso, & medida”: sobre práticas educativas em um tratado que ensina aritmética em Portugal do século XVIII
Authors: Ripe Fernando Cezar 
Published: May 2017

Este texto tem por objetivo analisar, sob a perspectiva da História da Educação (e) Matemática, as instruções educativas para o ensino da aritmética presentes na obra “Nova escola para aprender a ler, escrever, e contar”, de autoria do luso-brasileiro Manoel de Andrade de Figueiredo (1670-1735), publicada em Lisboa no ano de 1722. Este manual, que circulou pelo Reino de Portugal, apresentava inúmeras prescrições – divididas em tratados – consideradas necessárias ao completo domínio das letras, dos números e da língua portuguesa, bem como uma série de recomendações para a eleição de um bom Mestre. Atribuindo ao Mestre o papel de instruir os meninos discípulos na doutrina cristã e nos bons costumes, o autor recomenda uma série de repreensões, de práticas de controle e fiscalizações, bem como de castigos. Nesse sentido, essa investigação centra-se em identificar as prescrições eleitas por Figueiredo na advertência de outros Mestres de como deveriam ensinar com perfeição e analisar como o autor da obra privilegiou determinados conhecimentos matemáticos, destacando-se as instruções metodológicas utilizadas na construção do número, vistos como necessários para o processo educativo dos sujeitos lusitanos no período setecentista.“Made God all with number, weight, & measure”: on educational practices in a treatise that teaches Arithmetic in eighteenth-century Portugal. This text aims to analyze, from the perspective of the History of Education (e) Mathematics, educational instructions for numeracy teaching present in the work New school to learn to read, write, and count of Luso-Brazilian authors Manoel de Andrade de Figueiredo (1670-1735), published in Lisbon in 1722. This manual, which circulated through the Kingdom of Portugal, contained several provisions - divided into treated - deemed necessary to complete the field of letters, numbers and Portuguese, as well as a series of recommendations for the election of a good teacher. Assigning the Master the role of instructing the disciples boys in Christian doctrine and morals, the author recommends a number of reprimands, control practices and controls, as well as punishments. In this sense, this research focuses on identifying the requirements elected by Figueiredo in warning other Masters as they should teach to perfection and analyze how the author of favored certain mathematical knowledge, highlighting the methodological instructions used in building number, seen as necessary to the educational process of the Lusitanian subjects in eighteenth-century period. Keywords: History of Education; Arithmetic; Manual; 18th century.
Uma perspetiva sobre Alves dos Santos (1866-1924): apropriação e difusão de ideias pedagógicas em Portugal
Authors: Henriques Helder , Marchão Amélia De Jesus 
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho discute a importância da circulação de ideias através das viagens pedagógicas ancorados no exemplo do lente da Universidade de Coimbra Augusto Joaquim Alves dos Santos (1866-1924). Procuramos discutir teoricamente o quadro político e pedagógico em que se desenvolveu a ação deste professor com relevo para a 1ª República Portuguesa (1910-1926). Depois, fazemos uma breve incursão pela sua vida académica e profissional e, por fim, dedicamos especial atenção ao seu pensamento pedagógico. A metodologia de análise é de tipo qualitativo, com recurso à análise de conteúdo. Utilizamos, principalmente, um corpus documental baseado nas obras do próprio professor. Em suma, defendemos que Alves dos Santos encontrou no quadro político republicano o espaço ideal para tentar concretizar um projeto pedagógico nacional cujo fundamento se encontra, sobretudo, relacionado com uma viagem que realizou à Suíça e à França.A perspective about Alves dos Santos (1866-1924): appropriation and diffusion of pedagogical ideas in Portugal. This work discusses the importance of the circulation of ideas through pedagogical trips anchored in the example of the lens of the University of Coimbra Augusto Joaquim Alves dos Santos (1866-1924). We try to discuss theoretically the political and pedagogical framework in which this teacher's action developed with emphasis on the 1st Portuguese Republic. Then we make a brief foray into his academic and professional life and, finally, we pay special attention to his pedagogical thinking. The methodology of analysis is qualitative, using content analysis. We mainly use a documentary corpus based on the works of Professor Alves dos Santos. In short, we argue that Alves dos Santos found in the republican political framework the ideal space to try to materialize a national pedagogical project whose foundation is mainly related to a trip he made to Switzerland and France. Keywords: Pedagogy; Alves dos Santos; New Education; 1st Portuguese Republic; Portugal.
Uma viagem, um engenheiro, uma escola: reorganização da Escola Prática de Aprendizes da Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil (1905)
Authors: Beaklini Adriana Valentim 
Published: May 2017

Este artigo analisa a reorganização do curso profissional da Escola Prática de Aprendizes da Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil, no bairro do Engenho de Dentro, no Rio de Janeiro, a partir das impressões da viagem aos Estados Unidos da América realizada pelo subdiretor da Seção Locomoção, o engenheiro José Joaquim da Silva Freire, em 1905. Utilizo como fonte privilegiada para este estudo dois documentos. O primeiro é o relatório que foi produzido a partir da viagem, intitulado “Missão aos Estados Unidos”, publicado em 1907, que expõe as considerações comparativas de Silva Freire sobre o processo de admissão, as disciplinas ministradas, o tempo de duração do curso, dentre outros assuntos. Já o segundo, é uma ata que consolidou a nova organização da Escola Prática de Aprendizes.A trip, an enginner, a school: reorganization of the Escola Prática de Aprendizes da Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil (1905). This article analyzes the reorganization of the professional course of the Escola Prática de Aprendizes da Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil, in the district of Engenho de Dentro, in Rio de Janeiro, from the impressions of the trip to the United States of America conducted by the Seção Locomoção, the engineer José Joaquim da Silva Freire, in 1905. I use as privileged source for this study two documents. The first is the report that was produced from the trip, titled “Missão aos Estados Unidos”, published in 1907, which sets forth Silva Freire's comparative considerations on the admission process, the disciplines taught, the duration of the course, among other subjects. The second is an act that consolidated the new organization of the Escola Prática de Aprendizes. Keywords: Professional education; Railroad; Escola Prática de Aprendizes; Travel.
A centralidade urbana sub-regional do aglomerado urbano Macapá-Santana na Amazônia Setentrional Amapaense / The sub -regional urban centrality crowded urban Macapá - Santana in the Amazon Northern Amapaense
Authors: Amorim João Paulo , Santos Romário Valente 
Published: May 2017

<p>O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a centralidade urbana sub-regional do Aglomerado Urbano Macapá-Santana, na Amazônia Setentrional Amapaense (ASA). A forma como está organizado este artigo revela a necessidade de diálogo entre escalas para se compreender os diferentes papéis conferidos ao Aglomerado Urbano Macapá- Santana na rede urbana da Amazônia oriental em geral e da ASA, em particular. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada no artigo foi analisar dados secundários, documentos, livros e artigos científicos que comprovem a centralidade exercida pelas duas cidades, em sua dinâmica socioespacial. Por fim, a configuração espacial resultante de sua formação socioespacial e sua dinâmica na sub-região de Macapá, denotam a importância do Aglomerado Urbano Macapá-Santana, em sua área core.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Palavras–chave:</strong> Centralidade urbana; Aglomerado Urbano; Macapá-Santana.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>This article aims to analyze the sub-regional urban center slums in Macapá-Santana, in northern Amazon Amapaense (ASA). How is organized this article reveals the need for dialogue between scales to understand the different roles granted to the slums in urban Macapá- Santana in the eastern Amazon network in general and the ASA in particular. Therefore, the methodology used in the study was to analyze secondary data, documents, books and papers that prove the centrality exercised by the two cities in their socio-dynamics. Finally, the resulting spatial configuration of their socio-spatial formation and dynamics in Macapa sub-region, show the importance of slums in Macapá-Santana, in your core area.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Urban Centralization; Urban agglomeration; Macapa-Santana.</p>
Transcriptome assembly and candidate genes involved in nutritional programming in the swordtail fishXiphophorus multilineatus
Authors: Lu Yuan , Klimovich Charlotte M. , Robeson Kalen Z. , Boswell William , Ríos-Cardenas Oscar , Walter Ronald B. , Morris Molly R. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundNutritional programming takes place in early development. Variation in the quality and/or quantity of nutrients in early development can influence long-term health and viability. However, little is known about the mechanisms of nutritional programming. The live-bearing fishXiphophorus multilineatushas the potential to be a new model for understanding these mechanisms, given prior evidence of nutritional programming influencing behavior and juvenile growth rate. We tested the hypotheses that nutritional programming would influence behaviors involved in energy homeostasis as well gene expression inX. multilineatus.MethodsWe first examined the influence of both juvenile environment (varied in nutrition and density) and adult environment (varied in nutrition) on behaviors involved in energy acquisition and energy expenditure in adult maleX. multilineatus. We also compared the behavioral responses across the genetically influenced size classes of males. Males stop growing at sexual maturity, and the size classes of can be identified based on phenotypes (adult size and pigment patterns). To study the molecular signatures of nutritional programming, we assembled ade novotranscriptome forX. multilineatususing RNA from brain, liver, skin, testis and gonad tissues, and used RNA-Seq to profile gene expression in the brains of males reared in low quality (reduced food, increased density) and high quality (increased food, decreased density) juvenile environments.ResultsWe found that both the juvenile and adult environments influenced the energy intake behavior, while only the adult environment influenced energy expenditure. In addition, there were significant interactions between the genetically influenced size classes and the environments that influenced energy intake and energy expenditure, with males from one of the four size classes (Y-II) responding in the opposite direction as compared to the other males examined. When we compared the brains of males of the Y-II size class reared in a low quality juvenile environment to males from the same size class reared in high quality juvenile environment, 131 genes were differentially expressed, including metabolism and appetite master regulatoragrpgene.DiscussionOur study provides evidence for nutritional programming inX. multilineatus, with variation across size classes of males in how juvenile environment and adult diet influences behaviors involved in energy homeostasis. In addition, we provide the first transcriptome ofX. multilineatus, and identify a group of candidate genes involved in nutritional programming.
Insights of the dental calculi microbiome of pre-Columbian inhabitants from Puerto Rico
Authors: Santiago-Rodriguez Tasha M. , Narganes-Storde Yvonne , Chanlatte-Baik Luis , Toranzos Gary A. , Cano Raul J. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe study of ancient microorganisms in mineralized dental plaque or calculi is providing insights into microbial evolution, as well as lifestyles and disease states of extinct cultures; yet, little is still known about the oral microbial community structure and function of pre-Columbian Caribbean cultures. In the present study, we investigated the dental calculi microbiome and predicted function of one of these cultures, known as the Saladoid. The Saladoids were horticulturalists that emphasized root-crop production. Fruits, as well as small marine and terrestrial animals were also part of the Saladoid diet.MethodsDental calculi samples were recovered from the archaeological site of Sorcé, in the municipal island of Vieques, Puerto Rico, characterized using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, and compared to the microbiome of previously characterized coprolites of the same culture, as well modern plaque, saliva and stool microbiomes available from the Human Microbiome Project.ResultsActinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes comprised the majority of the Saladoid dental calculi microbiome. The Saladoid dental calculi microbiome was distinct when compared to those of modern saliva and dental plaque, but showed the presence of common inhabitants of modern oral cavities includingStreptococcussp.,Veillonella disparandRothia mucilaginosa. Cell motility, signal transduction and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites may be unique features of the Saladoid microbiome.DiscussionResults suggest that the Saladoid dental calculi microbiome structure and function may possibly reflect a horticulturalist lifestyle and distinct dietary habits. Results also open the opportunity to further elucidate oral disease states in extinct Caribbean cultures and extinct indigenous cultures with similar lifestyles.