bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheological and Thermal Properties of Selected Brazilian Honeys from Various Floral Origins
Authors: Silva Vanelle Maria Da , Carvalho Larissa Andrade De , Oliveira Natália Leite De , Torres Filho Robledo De Almeida , Resende Jaime Vilela De 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe rheological and thermal properties of honeys have a practical importance for beekeepers and industries, as their determination allows their proper processing and quality control. However, few studies have been carried out in this area with Brazilian honeys. Therefore, physicochemical, rheological and thermal properties of 40 Brazilian honeys of different floral origins were determined in this study. All the physicochemical properties indicated that the analyzed honey samples met the criteria for honeys established by Codex Alimentarius. The honeys showed non‐Newtonian behavior from 10C to 15C and Newtonian behavior from 20C to 30C with the influence of temperature on viscosity and on the viscous modulus (G″) described by the Arrhenius models. Oscillatory rheological data revealed a liquid‐like behavior (G″> elastic modulus (G′)) of the honeys. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the honeys varied between −46.7C and −43.7C. By the principal component analysis (PCA), the first component explained 70.0% of the variation of the data, forming two groups described by moisture content, aw, viscosity (10C to 30C), G″ and Tg. This analysis confirms the important influence of the moisture content and of aw in the rheological and thermal properties of honeys and provide useful information for the industrialization of honey and honey‐based products.Practical ApplicationDetermining the honey rheological and thermal properties allows its proper processing and quality control, preventing the waste of economic resources. Conclusions for beekeepers and industries are: the honey physicochemical properties are in conformity with the Brazilian legislation and the Codex Alimentarius, which could be used by consumers and the food industry; rheological and thermal properties are inversely correlated with the moisture content and with aw, and could be used to distinguish Brazilian honeys; Brazilian honeys behave as diluted materials, and their viscosity is temperature‐ and floral origin‐dependent. Determining their viscosity helps in the performance, sizing and selection of equipment such as pumps, mixers, filters, centrifuges and heat exchangers; temperature fluctuations induce physical and chemical alterations in the honey, and temperature control during its processing and storage is important for maintaining its quality. All of these parameters provide useful information for the development of new products, optimization of industrial processes and control of quality and authenticity of honeys.
Potential of Microbubbles as Fat Replacer: Effect on Rheological, Tribological and Sensorial Properties of Model Food Systems
Authors: Rovers Tijs A.M. , Sala Guido , Van der Linden Erik , Meinders Marcel B.J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe potential of microbubbles as fat replacers and texture modifiers was assessed by comparison of the rheological and tribological properties of model food systems that contained (1) microbubbles, (2) emulsion droplets or (3) no added colloidal structures. We used (a) liquids with thickener, (b) liquids without thickener and (c) gels as model food systems. A sensory test was performed in which we investigated whether panellists could discriminate between the different samples. It was found that the food system containing emulsion droplets had better lubrication properties than the dispersions containing microbubbles and solutions without any colloidal structures. The systems with emulsion droplets could be well discriminated sensorially from those with microbubbles or those without an added colloidal structures. Samples containing a mixture of emulsion droplets and microbubbles were comparable to those of samples containing only emulsion droplets. We conclude that at the studied volume fraction of 5% the measured friction and perceived mouthfeel of systems containing microbubbles is rather different from those of systems containing emulsion droplets, while both have a diameter of about 1 μm. At this volume fraction microbubbles cannot simply replace emulsion droplets.Practical ApplicationsMicrobubbles may have practical applications in food products as texture modifiers and fat replacers, and can be therefore considered as new colloidal structures with a potential in the development of healthier food products. Combining rheological, tribological, and sensorial experiments is a useful tool to test the application of new ingredients in food products and to understand their working mechanisms. This study represents an example of this approach to assess the potential of new colloidal structures as food ingredients. The combination of rheology and tribology with limited sensory experiments allows to estimate this potential without the need of extensive sensory studies that would require large amounts of samples, which in the case of systems containing microbubbles would be also extremely expensive.
Long‐legged caracaras: terrestrial habitat and hindlimb morphology
Authors: Mosto M. C. , Picasso M. B. J. , Biondi L. M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe hindlimb of the Polyborinae has always been characterized as long when it was compared with other diurnal raptors; however, no empirical work has been done to support such a traditional well‐known fact. The objective of this work is to analyze the femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus of this group to corroborate whether this assumption has a significant statistical support. The proportions of these bones were analyzed with a one‐way Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn's test as post hoc comparisons. The allometric relationships between the long bones and body mass or the total length of the hindlimb were carried out with the reduced major axis method. In addition, the osteological study is complemented with a myological dissection of the hindlimb of Milvago chimachima and Caracara plancus. The three long bones of the limb of Polyborinae show significant differences with those from Falconinae. The presence of a long tarsometatarsus is a typical feature of terrestrial birds, it produces an increase in length stride allowing an effective locomotion on land. Among the myological differences, the most prominent are the presence of the musculus flexor cruris lateralis (absent in other Falconidae) and a well‐developed musculus fibularis longus. These osseous and myological features are related to the terrestrial locomotion present in this subfamily.
Progression of fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis is associated with IL‐17+ neutrophils
Authors: Macek Jilkova Zuzana , Afzal Samia , Marche Hélène , Decaens Thomas , Sturm Nathalie , Jouvin‐Marche Evelyne , Huard Bertrand , Marche Patrice N. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsThe pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐17 plays a crucial role in liver diseases associated with hepatic fibrosis and increased risk of cancer development. Nevertheless, the cellular source of this cytokine has never been characterized in patients with liver fibrosis.MethodsIn this study, we investigated liver biopsies from 49 patients with chronic viral hepatitis at different stages of liver fibrosis. We monitored IL‐17 production by intracellular flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical in situ stainings, allowing a precise quantification, characterization and localization of IL‐17+ cells.ResultsDensity of IL‐17+ cells increased with the stage of liver fibrosis specifically in fibrotic septa and portal areas (correlation coefficient r = 0.7373; P < 0.0001). Data clearly show that the frequency of intrahepatic IL‐17+ lymphocytes (including T, NKT and NK cells) was independent on stage of liver fibrosis, and we observed no statistical differences in number of IL‐17+ macrophages during progression of fibrosis. On the other hand, the number of IL‐17+ neutrophils in fibrotic septa and portal areas strongly correlated with the stages of fibrosis (correlation coefficient r = 0.6986; P < 0.0001), contributing significantly to total IL‐17 production in liver tissue.ConclusionsOur data indicate that neutrophils represent an important source of IL‐17 in the human liver, especially in late fibrosis stages. Inhibition of this specific harmful subset of neutrophils may offer therapeutic opportunities in fibrotic liver.
Space weathering of silicates simulated by successive laser irradiation: In situ reflectance measurements of Fo90, Fo99+, and SiO2
Authors: Loeffler M. J. , Dukes C. A. , Christoffersen R. , Baragiola R. A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPulsed‐laser irradiation causes the visible‐near‐infrared spectral slope of olivine (Fo90 and Fo99+) and SiO2 to increase (redden), while the olivine samples darken and the SiO2 samples brighten slightly. XPS analysis shows that irradiation of Fo90 produces metallic Fe. Analytical SEM and TEM measurements confirm that reddening in the Fo90 olivine samples correlates with the production of “nanophase” metallic Fe (npFe0) grains, 20–50 nm in size. The reddening observed in the SiO2 sample is consistent with the formation of SiO or other SiOx species that absorb in the visible. The weak spectral brightening induced by laser irradiation of SiO2 is consistent with a change in surface topography of the sample. The darkening observed in the olivine samples is likely caused by the formation of larger npFe0 particles, such as the 100–400 nm diameter npFe0 identified during our TEM analysis of Fo90 samples. The Fo90 reflectance spectra are qualitatively similar to those in previous experiments suggesting that in all cases formation of npFe0 is causing the spectral alteration. Finally, we find that the accumulation of successive laser pulses cause continued sample darkening in the Vis‐NIR, which suggests that repeated surface impacts are an efficient way to darken airless body surfaces.
Microchondrules in three unequilibrated ordinary chondrites
Authors: Bigolski John N. , Weisberg Michael K. , Connolly Harold C. , Ebel Denton S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe report on a suite of microchondrules from three unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOCs). Microchondrules, a subset of chondrules that are ubiquitous components of UOCs, commonly occur in fine‐grained chondrule rims, although may also occur within matrix. Microchondrules have a variety of textures: cryptocrystalline, microporphyritic, radial, glassy. In some cases, their textures, and in many cases, their compositions, are similar to their larger host chondrules. Bulk compositions for both chondrule populations frequently overlap. The primary material that composes many of the microchondrules has compositions that are pyroxene‐normative and is similar to low‐Ca‐pyroxene phenocrysts from host chondrules; primary material rarely resembles olivine or plagioclase. Some microchondrules are composed of FeO‐rich material that has compositions similar to the bulk submicron fine‐grained rim material. These microchondrules, however, are not a common compositional type and probably represent secondary FeO‐enrichment. Microchondrules may also be porous, suggestive of degasing to form vesicles. Our work shows that the occurrence of microchondrules in chondrule rims is an important constraint that needs to be considered when evaluating chondrule‐forming mechanisms. We propose that microchondrules represent melted portions of the chondrule surfaces and/or the melt products of coagulated dust in the immediate vicinity of the larger chondrules. We suggest that, through recycling events, the outer surfaces of chondrules were heated enough to allow microchondrules to bud off as protuberances and become entrained in the surrounding dusty environment as chondrules were accreting fine‐grained rims. Microchondrules are thus byproducts of cyclic processing of chondrules in localized environments. Their occurrence in fine‐grained rims represents a snapshot of the chondrule‐forming environment. We evaluate mechanisms for microchondrule formation and hypothesize a potential link between the emergence of type II chondrules in the early solar system and the microchondrule‐bearing fine‐grained rims surrounding type I chondrules.
High crustal diversity preserved in the lunar meteorite Mount DeWitt 12007 (Victoria Land, Antarctica)
Authors: Collareta Alberto , D'Orazio Massimo , Gemelli Maurizio , Pack Andreas , Folco Luigi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe meteorite Mount DeWitt (DEW) 12007 is a polymict regolith breccia mainly consisting of glassy impact‐melt breccia particles, gabbroic clasts, feldspathic clasts, impact and volcanic glass beads, basaltic clasts, and mingled breccia clasts embedded in a matrix dominated by fine‐grained crystals; vesicular glassy veins and rare agglutinates are also present. Main minerals are plagioclase (typically An>85) and clinopyroxene (pigeonites and augites, sometimes interspersed). The presence of tranquillityite, coupled with the petrophysical data, the O‐isotope data (Δ17O = −0.075), and the FeOtot/MnO ratios in olivine (91), pyroxene (65), and bulk rock (77) indicate a lunar origin for DEW 12007. Impactites consist of Al‐rich impact‐melt splashes and plagioclase‐rich meta‐melt clasts. The volcanic products belong to the very low titanium (VLT) or low titanium (LT) suites; an unusual subophitic fragment could be cryptomare‐related. Gabbroic clasts could represent part of a shallow intrusion within a volcanic complex with prevailing VLT affinity. DEW 12007 has a mingled bulk composition with relatively high incompatible element abundances and shows a high crustal diversity comprising clasts from the Moon's major terranes and rare lithologies. First‐order petrographic and chemical features suggest that DEW 12007 could be launch‐paired with other meteorites including Y 793274/981031, QUE 94281, EET 87521/96008, and NWA 4884.
Transcriptome profiling of immune tissues reveals habitat‐specific gene expression between lake and river sticklebacks
Authors: Huang Yun , Chain Frédéric J. J. , Panchal Mahesh , Eizaguirre Christophe , Kalbe Martin , Lenz Tobias L. , Samonte Irene E. , Stoll Monika , Bornberg‐Bauer Erich , Reusch Thorsten B. H. , Milinski Manfred , Feulner Philine G. D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe observation of habitat‐specific phenotypes suggests the action of natural selection. The three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has repeatedly colonized and adapted to diverse freshwater habitats across the northern hemisphere since the last glaciation, while giving rise to recurring phenotypes associated with specific habitats. Parapatric lake and river populations of sticklebacks harbour distinct parasite communities, a factor proposed to contribute to adaptive differentiation between these ecotypes. However, little is known about the transcriptional response to the distinct parasite pressure of those fish in a natural setting. Here, we sampled wild‐caught sticklebacks across four geographical locations from lake and river habitats differing in their parasite load. We compared gene expression profiles between lake and river populations using 77 whole‐transcriptome libraries from two immune‐relevant tissues, the head kidney and the spleen. Differential expression analyses revealed 139 genes with habitat‐specific expression patterns across the sampled population pairs. Among the 139 differentially expressed genes, eight are annotated with an immune function and 42 have been identified as differentially expressed in previous experimental studies in which fish have been immune challenged. Together, these findings reinforce the hypothesis that parasites contribute to adaptation of sticklebacks in lake and river habitats.
Disruptive selection without genome‐wide evolution across a migratory divide
Authors: von Rönn Jan A.C. , Shafer Aaron B.A. , Wolf Jochen B.W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTranscontinental migration is a fascinating example of how animals can respond to climatic oscillation. Yet, quantitative data on fitness components are scarce, and the resulting population genetic consequences are poorly understood. Migratory divides, hybrid zones with a transition in migratory behaviour, provide a natural setting to investigate the micro‐evolutionary dynamics induced by migration under sympatric conditions. Here, we studied the effects of migratory programme on survival, trait evolution and genome‐wide patterns of population differentiation in a migratory divide of European barn swallows. We sampled a total of 824 individuals from both allopatric European populations wintering in central and southern Africa, respectively, along with two mixed populations from within the migratory divide. While most morphological characters varied by latitude consistent with Bergmann's rule, wing length co‐varied with distance to wintering grounds. Survival data collected during a 5‐year period provided strong evidence that this covariance is repeatedly generated by disruptive selection against intermediate phenotypes. Yet, selection‐induced divergence did not translate into genome‐wide genetic differentiation as assessed by microsatellites, mtDNAand >20 000 genome‐wideSNPmarkers; nor did we find evidence of local genomic selection between migratory types. Among breeding populations, a single outlier locus mapped to theBUB1 gene with a role in mitotic and meiotic organization. Overall, this study provides evidence for an adaptive response to variation in migration behaviour continuously eroded by gene flow under current conditions of nonassortative mating. It supports the theoretical prediction that population differentiation is difficult to achieve under conditions of gene flow despite measurable disruptive selection.
Hyperglycemia‐Mediated Oxidative Stress Increases Pulmonary Vascular Permeability
Authors: Clemmer John S. , Xiang Lusha , Lu Silu , Mittwede Peter N. , Hester Robert L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveHyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus is associated with endothelial dysfunction as evidenced by increased oxidative stress and vascular permeability. Whether impaired glucose control in metabolic syndrome impacts pulmonary vascular permeability is unknown. We hypothesized that in metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia increases lung vascular permeability through superoxide.MethodsLung capillary Kf and vascular superoxide were measured in the isolated lungs of LZ and OZ rats. OZ were subjected to 4 weeks of metformin treatment (300 mg/kg/day orally) to improve insulin sensitivity. In a separate experiment, lung vascular permeability and vascular superoxide were measured in LZ exposed to acute hyperglycemia (30 mM).ResultsAs compared to LZ, OZ had impaired glucose and insulin tolerance and elevated vascular superoxide which was associated with an elevated lung Kf. Chronic metformin treatment in OZ improved glucose control and insulin sensitivity which was associated with decreased vascular oxidative stress and lung Kf. Acute hyperglycemia in isolated lungs from LZ increased lung Kf, which was blocked with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor, apocynin (3 mM). Apocynin also decreased baseline Kf in OZ.ConclusionsThese data suggest that hyperglycemia in metabolic syndrome exacerbates lung vascular permeability through increases in vascular superoxide, possibly through NADPH oxidase.
Graph‐Based Modeling of Information Flow Evolution and Propagation under V2V Communications‐Based Advanced Traveler Information Systems
Authors: Kim Yong Hoon , Peeta Srinivas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA vehicle equipped with a vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) communications capability can continuously update its knowledge on traffic conditions using its own experience and anonymously obtained travel experience data from other such equipped vehicles without any central coordination. In such a V2V communications‐based advanced traveler information system (ATIS), the dynamics of traffic flow and intervehicle communication lead to the time‐dependent vehicle knowledge on the traffic network conditions. In this context, this study proposes a graph‐based multilayer network framework to model the V2V‐based ATIS as a complex system which is composed of three coupled network layers: a physical traffic flow network, and virtual intervehicle communication and information flow networks. To determine the occurrence of V2V communication, the intervehicle communication layer is first constructed using the time‐dependent locations of vehicles in the traffic flow layer and intervehicle communication‐related constraints. Then an information flow network is constructed based on events in the traffic and intervehicle communication networks. The graph structure of this information flow network enables the efficient tracking of the time‐dependent vehicle knowledge of the traffic network conditions using a simple graph‐based reverse search algorithm and the storage of the information flow network as a single graph database. Further, the proposed framework provides a retrospective modeling capability to articulate explicitly how information flow evolves and propagates. These capabilities are critical to develop strategies for the rapid flow of useful information and traffic routing to enhance network performance. It also serves as a basic building block for the design of V2V‐based route guidance strategies to manage traffic conditions in congested networks. Synthetic experiments are used to compare the graph‐based approach to a simulation‐based approach, and illustrate both memory usage and computational time efficiencies.
Regulation of cell reversal frequency in Myxococcus xanthus requires the balanced activity of CheY‐like domains inFrzEandFrzZ
Authors: Kaimer Christine , Zusman David R. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe Frz pathway of Myxococcus xanthus controls cell reversal frequency to support directional motility during swarming and fruiting body formation. Previously, we showed that phosphorylation of the response regulator FrzZ correlates with reversal frequencies, suggesting that this activity represents the output of the Frz pathway. Here, we tested the effect of different expression levels of FrzZ and its cognate kinase FrzE on M. xanthus motility. FrzZ overexpression caused a slight increase in phosphorylation and reversals. By contrast, FrzE overexpression abolished phosphorylation of FrzZ; this inhibition required the response regulator domain of FrzE. FrzZ phosphorylation was restored when both FrzE and FrzZ were overexpressed together. Our results show that the response regulator domain of FrzE is a negative regulator of FrzE kinase activity. This inhibition can be modulated by FrzZ, which acts as a positive regulator. Interestingly, fluorescence microscopy revealed that FrzZ and FrzE localize differently: FrzE colocalizes with the FrzCD receptor and the nucleoid, while FrzZ shows dispersed and polar localization. However, FrzZ binds tightly to the truncated variant FrzEΔCheY. This indicates that the response regulator domain of FrzE is required for the interaction between FrzE and FrzZ to be transient, providing an unexpected regulatory output to the Frz pathway.