bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verdachten met een LVB in het politieverhoor
Authors: Kranendonk P.R. 
Published: December 2017

Police interrogation of suspects and witnesses with MBID in a police interrogation. The influence of interrogation methods on the content of statements.
The main goal of an interrogation is to elicit truthful information about the involvement of a suspect or witness in a criminal act. Some interrogation methods and techniques are useful for extracting information from otherwise unwilling suspects, but they can also elicit false confessions or statements from innocent (and vulnerable) suspects and witnesses. Multiple studies show that a large proportion of false confessions are made by suspects with an intellectual disability. Intellectual disabilities are often difficult to recognize, because of an individual’s streetwise behavior. This vulnerable group is extremely sensitive to suggestibility, compliance and acquiescence. Some interrogation methods and techniques used by the police can have a severe influence on these features and therefore on the reliability of statements. Given the overrepresentation of people with an intellectual disability in the Dutch criminal justice system, it is of great importance to prevent unwanted risks in the interrogation.
Exploring Employment Status and Education–Job Match among Engineering Graduates in Ethiopia: Policy Implications
Authors: Jote Tamiru 
Published: December 2017

The article explores the employment status and education–job match among engineering graduates in Ethiopia between the years 2009 and 2013, and implications on the expansion of engineering programs. The fndings reveal that engineering graduates have had a good employment status in the fve years of the study, with an average employment rate of 80.3 percent. However, an increasing trend of graduate unemployment is observed. Substantial variations are observed among graduates of the various engineering disciplines and between men and women: civil engineers have better employment prospects, and the employment status of women is consistently lower. The fndings also indicate that the education–job mismatch is both vertical and horizontal, and aﬀects more than a third of the graduates (41.5 percent). Thus, there is a need to refocus on improving the quality of engineering education, and the decision to expand engineering programs should be based on insightful higher education planning and labor market assessment. Cet article explore la situation d’emploi et la concordance entre la formation et l’activité professionnelle des ingénieurs diplômés en Ethiopie entre 2009 et 2013, ainsi que les implications sur l’expansion des cursus d’ingénierie. Les résultats montrent que les ingénieurs diplômés ont béné- fcié d’une bonne situation d’emploi durant les cinq ans étudiés, avec en moyenne un taux d’emploi de 80.3 pour cent. On observe cependant une augmentation du taux de chômage parmi les diplômés. D’importantes variations peuvent être observées entre les diplômés des diﬀérentes disciplines de l’ingénierie et entre les hommes et les femmes : les ingénieurs civils ont de meilleures perspectives d’emploi, et la situation d’emploi des femmes est systématiquement moins bonne sur toutes les disciplines. Les résultats indiquent aussi que le manque d’alignement entre la formation et l’emploi est aussi bien vertical qu’horizontal, et touche plus d’un tiers des diplômés (41.5 pour cent). Il est nécessaire de privilégier à nouveau l’amélioration de la qualité des formations d’ingénieurs. La décision d’augmenter le nombre des cursus ingénieur doit être faite sur la base d’une planifcation de l’enseignement supérieur et d’une évaluation du marché du travail.
Writing E/scapes
Authors: Ulmer Jasmine , Nordstrom Susan , Tesar Marek 
Published: December 2017

scape. 1 a brief ‘escape or means of escape’ 2 ‘a scenic view, whether of sea, land, or sky’ 3 ‘in its various senses’ 4 ‘a long flower-stalk rising directly from the root or rhizome’ 5 a theoretical approach to writing
Quantifying the Contribution to Uncertainty in Mortality Attributed to Household, Ambient, and Joint Exposure to PM2.5From Residential Solid Fuel Use
Authors: Kodros J. K. , Carter E. , Brauer M. , Volckens J. , Bilsback K. R. , L'Orange C. , Johnson M. , Pierce J. R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWhile there have been substantial efforts to quantify the health burden of exposure to PM2.5from solid fuel use (SFU), the sensitivity of mortality estimates to uncertainties in input parameters has not been quantified. Moreover, previous studies separate mortality from household and ambient air pollution. In this study, we develop a new estimate of mortality attributable to SFU due to the joint exposure from household and ambient PM2.5pollution and perform a variance‐based sensitivity analysis on mortality attributable to SFU. In the joint exposure calculation, we estimate 2.81 (95% confidence interval: 2.48–3.28) million premature deaths in 2015 attributed to PM2.5from SFU, which is 580,000 (18%) fewer deaths than would be calculated by summing separate household and ambient mortality calculations. Regarding the sources of uncertainties in these estimates, in China, India, and Latin America, we find that 53–56% of the uncertainty in mortality attributable to SFU is due to uncertainty in the percent of the population using solid fuels and 42–50% from the concentration‐response function. In sub‐Saharan Africa, baseline mortality rate (72%) and the concentration‐response function (33%) dominate the uncertainty space. Conversely, the sum of the variance contributed by ambient and household PM2.5exposure ranges between 15 and 38% across all regions (the percentages do not sum to 100% as some uncertainty is shared between parameters). Our findings suggest that future studies should focus on more precise quantification of solid fuel use and the concentration‐response relationship to PM2.5, as well as mortality rates in Africa.
Crystal Plasticity and Evolution of Polycrystalline Microstructure
Authors: Miehe Christian , Schotte Jan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The continuum slip theory of crystals provides a canonical framework of finite plasticity with physically well‐defined roots in the dislocation mechanics of metals. Reliable algorithmic settings of crystal plasticity are not only needed for structural analyses of single crystals but also provide a cornerstone for multiscale computations of evolving anisotropic microstructures in metallic polycrystals. This article summarizes a current status of computational crystal plasticity and its application to the texture analysis of polycrystals. It outlines a basic constitutive structure of crystal plasticity, alternative deformation‐driven stress update algorithms and a computational scheme for the nonlinear homogenization of polycrystalline aggregates. Particular emphasis is put on a canonical incremental variational formulation for Schmid‐type crystal plasticity with potential hardening where an incremental stress potential is obtained from a local minimization problem with respect to the internal variables. The existence of this stress potential allows the formulation of IBVPs for elastic–plastic crystals as a sequence of incremental minimization problems. Furthermore, the nonlinear homogenization of polycrystalline microstructures may be recast into a principle of minimum averaged incremental energy. Within this variational setting of homogenization, a quasi‐hyperelastic incremental macro‐stress potential is obtained from a global minimization problem with respect to the fine‐scale displacement fluctuation field. The performance of the formulations is demonstrated for benchmarks of single crystal plasticity and texture developments in polycrystals.
Multifield Problems
Authors: Schrefler Bernhard A. , Simoni L. , Markert B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis chapter deals with multifield problems with overlapping domains. A review of a series of typical problems belonging to this class is first presented, where examples of up to six overlapping fields are shown. Then the most popular solution procedures are discussed. They are either the monolithic method or decoupled solution strategies involving some matrix partitioning. These methods are illustrated on selected model problems. The respective numerical properties and related issues are discussed and examples are shown.
Spectral Element andhpMethods
Authors: Yu Yue , Kirby Robert M. , Karniadakis George Em 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSpectral/hpelement methods provide high‐order discretization, which is essential in the longtime integration of advection–diffusion systems and for capturing dynamic instabilities in solids. In this chapter, we review the main formulations for simulations of incompressible and compressible viscous flows as well as for solid mechanics and present several examples with some emphasis on fluid–structure interactions and interfaces. The first generation of (nodal) spectral elements was limited to relatively simple geometries and smooth solutions. However, the new generation of spectral/hpelements, consisting of both nodal and modal forms, can handle very complex geometries using unstructured grids and can capture strong shocks by employing discontinuous Galerkin methods. New flexible formulations allow simulations of multiphysics problems including extremely complex geometries and multiphase flows. Several implementation strategies have also been developed on the basis of multilevel parallel algorithms that allow dynamic ‐refinement at constant wall clock time. After three decades of intense developments, spectral element andhpmethods are mature and efficient to be used effectively in applications of industrial complexity. They provide the capabilities that standard finite element and finite volume methods do, but, in addition, they exhibit high‐order accuracy and error control.
Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Cockburn Bernardo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods are locally conservative, high‐order accurate, robust methods that can easily handle elements of arbitrary shapes, irregular meshes with hanging nodes, and polynomial approximations of different degrees in different elements. These properties, which render them ideal forhp‐adaptivity in domains of complex geometry, have brought them to the main stream of computational fluid dynamics. We study the properties of the DG methods as applied to a wide variety of problems arising in fluid dynamics with a special emphasis on linear, symmetric positive hyperbolic systems, the Euler equations of gas dynamics, purely elliptic problems, and the incompressible and compressible Navier–Stokes equations. In each instance, we discuss the main properties of the methods, display the mechanisms that make them work so well, and present numerical experiments showing their performance.
Residual Distribution Schemes: Foundations and Analysis
Authors: Deconinck Herman , Ricchiuto Mario 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this article, we introduce and analyze the class of numerical schemes known as residual distribution or fluctuation splitting schemes. The root of this family of discretizations is found mainly in works aiming at generalizing the finite volume techniques to a genuinely multidimensional upwinding context, as in, for example (Hall, Morton, Ni, Roe). However, the final result is a numerical method sharing a lot with other techniques, such as finite element schemes (Carette, Deconinck, Paillere and Roe, 1995).Our aim is to look at fluctuation splitting/residual distribution methods from a generic theoretical point of view. We discuss in a general way the basic principles and the criteria used in the design of the schemes: positivity, k‐exacteness, energy stability, well‐balancedness. We also show similarities with known, more classical, discretization techniques, as well as the main distinguishing features that make residual distribution methods a valid alternative to these classical schemes.Finally, we present some numerical applications and comparisons. Throughout the text, we give an extensive overview of the existing literature, and finally conclude the chapter by reviewing most of the ongoing research on the topic.
Vortex Methods
Authors: Winckelmans G. S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVortex methods are presented, from the fundamentals to the advanced subjects. These methods are well suited to simulating unsteady, convection‐dominated, flows (inviscid and viscous). The spectrum of applicability is thus quite large. Examples are presented in incompressible flows (unbounded flows and bluff‐body flows) and in combustion.
Facile Synthesis of Lipid–Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsion Coated with Silica Shell as an Ultrasound Imaging Agent
Authors: Yang Qiang , Chen Huali , Bai Yan , Cao Yang , Hu Wenjing , Zhang Liangke 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA novel organic/inorganic hybrid nanovesicle as an ultrasound imaging agent is synthesized via facile emulsion and silica deposition methods. This nanovesicle, hyaluronate (HA)–docetaxel (DTX)/perfluoro‐n‐pentane (PFP)@SNC, consists of an encapsulated liquid PFP core, loaded DTX, and an HA‐decorated silica shell. The HA–DTX/PFP@SNC has a narrow size distribution of 274.5 ± 3.25 nm, a negative zeta potential of −11.6 ± 0.47 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 86.70% ± 1.42%. HA–DTX/PFP@SNC possesses an ultrasound (US)‐triggered drug release and a temperature‐dependent size change behavior. Compared with DTX/PFP@soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), which has no silica shell, the HA–DTX/PFP@SNC is more stable under various conditions. The MTT assay indicates that the blank HA–PFP@SNC vehicle has no cytotoxicity to A549 cells. Furthermore, due to the HA‐mediated tumor‐targeting ability, the HA–DTX/PFP@SNC shows obvious cytotoxicity to A549 cells. In vitro and in vivo US imaging results indicate that HA–DTX/PFP@SNC has a stronger and more durable echo signal than DTX/PFP@SPC. Moreover, the in vivo echo signal of HA–DTX/PFP@SNC is stronger than that of DTX/PFP@SNC due to the HA‐mediated tumor targeting. Therefore, this novel organic/inorganic hybrid vesicle is a US contrast agent candidate.
Vertical Hydrodynamic Focusing and Continuous Acoustofluidic Separation of Particles via Upward Migration
Authors: Ahmed Husnain , Destgeer Ghulam , Park Jinsoo , Jung Jin Ho , Sung Hyung Jin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA particle suspended in a fluid within a microfluidic channel experiences a direct acoustic radiation force (ARF) when traveling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs) couple with the fluid at the Rayleigh angle, thus producing two components of the ARF. Most SAW‐based microfluidic devices rely on the horizontal component of the ARF to migrate prefocused particles laterally across a microchannel width. Although the magnitude of the vertical component of the ARF is more than twice the magnitude of the horizontal component, it is long ignored due to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel fabrication limitations and difficulties in particle focusing along the vertical direction. In the present work, a single‐layered PDMS microfluidic chip is devised for hydrodynamically focusing particles in the vertical plane while explicitly taking advantage of the horizontal ARF component to slow down the selected particles and the stronger vertical ARF component to push the particles in the upward direction to realize continuous particle separation. The proposed particle separation device offers high‐throughput operation with purity >97% and recovery rate >99%. It is simple in its fabrication and versatile due to the single‐layered microchannel design, combined with vertical hydrodynamic focusing and the use of both the horizontal and vertical components of the ARF.
Kern‐Schale‐Strukturierung rein metallischer Aerogele für eine hocheffiziente Nutzung von Platin für die Sauerstoffreduktion
Authors: Cai Bin , Hübner René , Sasaki Kotaro , Zhang Yuanzhe , Su Dong , Ziegler Christoph , Vukmirovic Miomir B. , Rellinghaus Bernd , Adzic Radoslav R. , Eychmüller Alexander 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDie Entwicklung von rein metallischen Aerogelen mit Kern‐Schale‐Strukturen ist nach wie vor eine grundlegende Herausforderung. Hier stellen wir die Synthese von PdxAu‐Pt‐Kern‐Schale‐Aerogelen vor, welche aus einer ultradünnen Pt‐Schale und einem Kern aus einer PdxAu‐Legierung mit einstellbarer Zusammensetzung bestehen. Die universelle Synthesestrategie ermöglicht eine Erweiterung der Kern‐Zusammensetzung hin zu Pd‐Übergangsmetall‐Legierungen. Die Kern‐Schale‐Aerogele zeigen eine stark verbesserte Nutzungseffizienz von Pt in der Sauerstoffreduktion und ihre Aktivitäten folgen einem vulkanförmigen Verlauf bezüglich der Gitterparameter des Kern‐Substrats. Mit einer maximalen massenbezogenen bzw. spezifischen Aktivität von 5.25 A mg−1Pt bzw. 2.53 mA cm−2, welche 18.7‐ bzw. 4.1‐mal höher sind als die für Pt/C, zeigt sich die Überlegenheit dieser metallischen Kern‐Schale‐Aerogele. Die vorgeschlagene Kern‐basierte Aktivitätsabhängigkeit liefert eine neue mögliche Strategie für den Entwurf zukünftiger Kern‐Schale‐Elektrokatalysatoren.
Polyoxometalate encapsulated in metal‐organic gel as an efficient catalyst for visible‐light‐driven dye degradation applications
Authors: Zhou Xue‐jun , Ji Yue‐Xia , Cao Jia‐Feng , Xin Zhi‐Feng 
Published: December 2017

Contamination of industrial sewage by organic dye pollutants is one of the most common challenges to the daily life. Decontamination can be achieved by adsorption and photodegradation of the pollutants. Herein, an effective visible light‐driven photocatalyst of polyoxometalate encapsulated in metal–organic gel was presented. The resulting composite was named PMA@ MOG‐Cr [PMA= H3PMo12O40, MOG= metal‐organic gel]. Photodegradation of dye pollutants with PMA@ MOG‐Cr were tested. The introduction of Phosphomolybdic Acid significantly enhanced the light‐absorption properties of MOG‐Cr. The PMA@MOG‐Cr showed an excellent photodegradation efficiency of MB, RhB and MO as high as 99% and 97% in 60 min and 91% in 120 min of visible‐light irradiation with only 10 mg photocatalyst, which was the highest among the tested samples MOG‐Cr, PMA@ MOG‐Cr and Degussa P‐25. The mechanism of the photodegradation of dye pollutants with H2O2 over PMA@MOG‐Cr under the visible light was further illustrated. The introduction of PMA promotes effective separation of electron–hole pair by trapping and transferring photogenerated electron. Thus, the two components act in synergy to result in much improved adsorption of certain common organic dyes as well as enhanced oxidative degradation. This work provides a new approach to design MOG encapsulated Polyoxometalate for visible light‐induced photodegradation of organic contaminants for the environmental remediation.
Chemical chiral pollution: Impact on the society and science and need of the regulations in the 21st century
Authors: Basheer Al Arsh 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe chiral pollution is a serious issue for our health and environment due to the enantio‐selective biodegradation of the chiral pollutants. It has adverse impact on our society and science. There is a big loss of our economy due to the use of racemic agrochemicals. The most notorious chiral pollutants are pesticides, polychloro biphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, brominated flame retardants, drugs, and pharmaceuticals. More than 1500 chiral pollutants are present in the environment. Unfortunately, there is no regulation and control of the chiral pollutants. Therefore, it is an urgent need of the present 21st century to develop a data bank on the chiral pollutants, guidelines for controlling the production, sale and use of the racemic agrochemicals and the other industrial products. The Governments of the different countries should come forward to initiate the regulations. US, FDA, US EPA, and WHO are the most important regulatory authorities and should think about the chiral pollutants. The present article highlights the impact of the chiral pollution on the society and science. Besides, the efforts have also been made to emphasize the need of the regulations to control the chiral pollution.
Evaluation of the Estrous Cycle, Reproductive Tract, and Mammary Gland in Female Mice
Authors: Vidal Justin D. , Filgo Adam J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEvaluation of the female reproductive system is an important part of basic reproductive biology research, toxicology testing, and mutant mouse phenotype assessment. The female reproductive system is dynamic and the onset of puberty and the normal changes observed during estrous cyclicity can create challenges for an investigator. Experimental work in the female mouse requires an understanding of the potential impact of the estrous cycle and tracking normal changes throughout the cycle allows for control of this key variable. The estrous cycle can be evaluated using vaginal cytology, which provides the researcher a daily assessment of the entire reproductive endocrine axis and allows for samples to be collected at precise times within the cycle. These protocols describe the basic approach to evaluating the onset of cyclicity, tracking the normal cycle, and collection and microscopic evaluation of the reproductive system and mammary gland in the mouse. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assessing Sociability, Social Memory, and Pup Retrieval in Mice
Authors: Zimprich Annemarie , Niessing Jörn , Cohen Lior , Garrett Lillian , Einicke Jan , Sperling Bettina , Schmidt Mathias V. , Hölter Sabine M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAdaptive social behavior is important in mammals, both for the well‐being of the individual and for the thriving of the species. Dysfunctions in social behavior occur in many neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diseases, and research into the genetic components of disease‐relevant social deficits can open up new avenues for understanding the underlying biological mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Genetically modified mouse models are particularly useful in this respect, and robust experimental protocols are needed to reliably assess relevant social behavior phenotypes. Here we describe in detail three protocols to quantitatively measure sociability, one of the most frequently investigated social behavior phenotypes in mice, using a three‐chamber sociability test. These protocols can be extended to also assess social memory. In addition, we provide a detailed protocol on pup retrieval, which is a particularly robust maternal behavior amenable to various scientific questions. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.