bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Evidence and Objective Identity: The Contemporary Significance of Early Husserl's Conception of Truth
Authors: Zuidervaart Lambert 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis essay explores Edmund Husserl's significance for contemporary truth theory. Focusing on his Logical Investigations (1900/1901), it argues that early Husserl's conception of truth unsettles a common polarity between epistemic and nonepistemic approaches. Unlike contemporary epistemic conceptions of truth, he gives full weight to “truth makers” that have their own being: objective identity, perceptible objects, and states of affairs. Yet, unlike contemporary nonepistemic conceptions, he also insists on the intentional givenness of such truth makers and on the complexity of the experiences within which propositional truth claims arise. To develop this argument, the essay explains how early Husserl's conception of truth builds on his phenomenology of intentional experience and knowledge. By emphasizing an objective identity between what is signitively meant and intuitively given, Husserl's approach provides a way to resituate propositional truth within a broader and more dynamic conception of truth.
Cesarean birth is not associated with early childhood body mass index
Authors: Smithers L. G. , Mol B. W. , Jamieson L. , Lynch J. W. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryCesarean birth leads to a markedly different microbiome compared to vaginal birth, and the microbiome has been implicated in childhood obesity. Among mothers who had a previous cesarean, we compared anthropometry of 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children who were subsequently born by cesarean section versus vaginal birth. This large population‐based study involved linking de‐identified administrative perinatal and anthropometric data. Children's weight and height were collected at community‐based clinics and converted to age‐ and sex‐adjusted z‐scores of height‐for‐age (HFAz), weight‐for‐age (WFAz) and BMI‐for‐age (BMIz). The average treatment effect (ATE) of cesarean versus vaginal birth was calculated from augmented inverse probability weighted analyses accounting for a wide range of confounding variables. There was little evidence of an effect of cesarean birth on HFAz (ATE = 0.26 95%CI −0.35, 0.87, n = 3993), WFAz (ATE = 0.35, 95%CI −0.19, 0.89, n = 4817) or BMIz (ATE = 0.11, 95%CI −0.25, 0.46, n = 3909). Cesarean section was not associated with anthropometry among children aged 3–6 years.
Employment protection regulation, trade unions and tenure of employment: An analysis in 23 European countries
Authors: Berglund Tomas , Furåker Bengt 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article focuses on the relationship between employment protection regulation (EPL), trade unions and tenure of employment. A main hypothesis is that EPL strictness tends to prolong tenure, because rigorous rules imply that remaining with the same employer gives more job security. The role of unions can be expected to be similar. These assumptions are related to issues regarding dualisation in the labour market. Data used are the European Working Conditions Survey 2010—including 23 countries and more than 18,500 employees—combined with national‐level data on EPL, unemployment, union density and collective bargaining coverage. The analyses reveal that EPL strictness and bargaining coverage are associated with longer tenure. The same goes for having an employee representative in the workplace. The institutional variables work through interactions with individual‐level variables. For example, the impact of age, which is strongly linked to tenure, increases with stricter EPL and higher bargaining coverage.
Impact of Whole Oat Flour on Dough Properties and Quality of Fresh and Stored Part‐Baked Bread
Authors: Majzoobi Mahsa , Raiss Jalali Aida , Farahnaky Asgar 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWhole oat flour (WOF) is known for high β‐glucan and antioxidant content. The main purpose of this study was to replace white wheat flour with WOF at different levels of 0, 10, 20 and 30% in production of bread using part‐baking technology. Dough properties (using farinograph) and physical characteristics of full‐baked breads stored for 1 h and 72 h at 20C were studied. Increases in water absorption, dough development time and dough softening, while a reduction in dough stability time with addition of WOF were obsereved. The specific volume of fresh breads containing WOF reduced further after storage. The crumb hardness, chewiness, elasticity and cohesiveness reduced and crust color became lighter with addition of WOF and storage time. The effects of bread storage were more obvious for samples containing WOF. The bread containing 10% WOF received the highest sensory scores and had similar sensory characteristics to the control.Practical ApplicationsCostumer demand for breads with health benefits and superior sensory properties is increasing rapidly. This study showed the effects of substitution white wheat flour with whole oat flour (WOF) which is well‐known for its health benefits owing to considerable amount of β‐glucan and antioxidants. The results of this study are applicable in bakery industry and specifically in production of bread using part‐baked technology and can be useful for the producers of functional and healthy products. Some of the effects of flour replacement with 0, 10, 20 and 30% WOF were undesirable and had negative effects on sensory attibutes of the full‐baked breads. The adverse effects of storage (72 h at ambient temparature) were more obvious for breads containing WOF. However, inclusion of 10% WOF resulted in a bread with similar sensory properties to the control and hence it can be used succesfully for production of a healthier part‐baked bread.
The role of embryo movement in the development of the furcula
Authors: Pollard A. S. , Boyd S. , McGonnell I. M. , Pitsillides A. A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe pectoral girdle is a complex structure which varies in its morphology between species. A major component in birds is the furcula, which can be considered equivalent to a fusion of the paired clavicles found in many mammals, and the single interclavicle found in many reptiles. These elements are a remnant of the dermal skeleton and the only intramembranous bones in the trunk. Postnatally, the furcula plays important mechanical roles by stabilising the shoulder joint and acting as a mechanical spring during flight. In line with its mechanical role, previous studies indicate that, unlike many other intramembranous bones, furcula growth during development can be influenced by mechanical stimuli. This study investigated the response of individual aspects of furcula growth to both embryo immobilisation and hypermotility in the embryonic chicken. The impact of altered incubation temperature, which influences embryo motility, on crocodilian interclavicle development was also explored. We employed whole‐mount bone and cartilage staining and 3D imaging by microCTto quantify the impact of rigid paralysis, flaccid paralysis and hypermobility on furcula growth in the chicken, and 3D microCTimaging to quantify the impact of reduced temperature (32–28 °C) and motility on interclavicle growth in the crocodile. This revealed that the growth rates of the clavicular and interclavicular components of the furcula differ during normal development. Total furcula area was reduced by total unloading produced by flaccid paralysis, but not by rigid paralysis which maintains static loading of embryonic bones. This suggests that dynamic loading, which is required for postnatal bone adaptation, is not a requirement for prenatal furcula growth. Embryo hypermotility also had no impact on furcula area or arm length. Furcula 3D shape did, however, differ between groups; this was marked in the interclavicular component of the furcula, the hypocleideum. Hypocleideum length was reduced by both methods of immobilisation, and interclavicle area was reduced in crocodile embryos incubated at 28 °C, which are less motile than embryos incubated at 32 °C. These data suggest that the clavicular and interclavicle components of the avian furcula respond differently to alterations in embryo movement, with the interclavicle requiring both the static and dynamic components of movement‐related loading for normal growth, while static loading preserved most aspects of clavicle growth. Our data suggest that embryo movement, and the mechanical loading this produces, is important in shaping these structures during development to suit their postnatal mechanical roles.
On the Foundations of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: LIANG HAO , RENNEBOOG LUC 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTUsing corporate social responsibility (CSR) ratings for 23,000 companies from 114 countries, we find that a firm's CSR rating and its country's legal origin are strongly correlated. Legal origin is a stronger explanation than “doing good by doing well” factors or firm and country characteristics (ownership concentration, political institutions, and globalization): firms from common law countries have lower CSR than companies from civil law countries, with Scandinavian civil law firms having the highest CSR ratings. Evidence from quasi‐natural experiments such as scandals and natural disasters suggests that civil law firms are more responsive to CSR shocks than common law firms.
Pricing Buy‐Ins and Buy‐Outs
Authors: Lin Yijia , Shi Tianxiang , Arik Ayşe 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPension buy‐ins and buy‐outs have become an important aspect of managing pension risk in recent years. As a step toward understanding these pension de‐risking instruments, we develop models for pricing investment risk and longevity risk embedded in pension buy‐ins and buy‐outs. We also bring a contingent‐claims framework to price credit risk of buy‐in bulk annuities. Overall, our model can be used to assess the pricing of investment, longevity, and credit risks being transferred in pension buy‐in and buy‐out transactions.
The American Indian and Alaska Native dentist workforce in the United States
Authors: Mertz Elizabeth , Wides Cynthia , Gates Paul 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to describe the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) dentist workforce, the general practice patterns of these providers, and their contributions to oral health care for AI/AN and underserved patients.MethodsA national sample survey of underrepresented minority dentists was conducted in 2012 and received a 34 percent response rate for self‐reported AI/AN dentists. Data were weighted for selection and response bias to be nationally representative. Descriptive and multivariable statistics were computed to provide a workforce profile. Comparisons to Census data and published information on dental students and dentists were used to examine practice patterns.ResultsThe AI/AN dentist workforce (weighted n = 442) is very diverse with 55 reported individual tribal affiliations. Tribal heritage was provided by 95.7 percent of AI/AN dentists (n = 423), and of these, 93.9 percent (n = 400) reported an affiliation with only one tribe. The largest share of AI/AN dentists were born in the United States (98.2 percent, n = 434), married (75.6 percent, n = 333), and had dependent children under age 18 (52.0 percent, n = 222). Only 0.9 percent (n = 4) of AI/AN dentists spoke a traditional AI/AN language in patient care, while 10.6 percent (n = 46) were raised on tribal land or reservation. Initial practice in the Indian Health Service was reported by 15.8 percent of AI/AN dentists while 16.2 percent report currently practicing in a safety‐net setting, and 42.0 percent report working in a practice that primarily serves underserved patients.ConclusionsAI/AN dentists provide a disproportionate share of care for AI/AN populations, yet the number of AI/AN dentists would need to increase 7.4‐fold in order to meet population parity.
Comprehensive profile of bilateral astigmatism: rule similarity and symmetry patterns of the axes in the fellow eyes
Authors: Asharlous Amir , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Yekta Abbasali , Hashemi Hassan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPurposeTo study rule similarity (isorule or anisorule) and symmetry patterns of axes (direct and mirror) in bilateral astigmatism.MethodsSix years of data were collected from four ophthalmology clinics in Tehran. After applying the exclusion criteria (having eye disease or history of ocular surgery), final analyses were performed on data of 160 608 cases whose mean age was 39.2 ± 15.4 years (10–80 years) and 53.7% female. All subjects had autorefraction, retinoscopy, and subjective refraction data. Rule similarity was categorised as isorule (with, against or oblique astigmatism) if the orientation type in fellow eyes was the same and anisorule if they were different.ResultsThe prevalence of isorule astigmatism was 82.9% and was similar in men and women (p = 0.44). The prevalence of isorule astigmatism decreased with age and increased with greater spherical ametropia (p < 0.001). The median of the absolute inter‐ocular axis difference from exact symmetry was 10° under the mirror symmetry model (mirror axes). Under the direct symmetry model (equal axes), the median of the absolute inter‐ocular axis difference was significantly higher, at 20° (p < 0.001). 16.4% and 10.8% had exact mirror and direct symmetry, respectively. In addition, 68.0% of cases with mirror symmetry and 47.1% with direct symmetry were within ±15 degrees of exact symmetry.ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that bilateral astigmatism was mostly isorule. Bilateral symmetry of the astigmatism axes was highly prevalent and mostly of the mirror pattern. High astigmatic cases showed better symmetry.
HIV Risk Perception, HIV Knowledge, and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Transgender Women in South Florida
Authors: De Santis Joseph P. , Hauglum Shayne D. , Deleon Diego A. , Provencio‐Vasquez Elias , Rodriguez Allan E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesTransgender women experience a variety of factors that may contribute to HIV risk. The purpose of this study was to explore links among HIV risk perception, knowledge, and sexual risk behaviors of transgender women.Design and SampleA descriptive, correlational study design was used. Fifty transgender women from the South Florida area were enrolled in the study.MeasuresTransgender women completed a demographic questionnaire and standardized instruments measuring HIV risk perception, knowledge, and sexual risk behaviors.ResultsTransgender women reported low levels of HIV risk perception, and had knowledge deficits regarding HIV risk/transmission. Some participants engaged in high‐risk sexual behaviors. Predictors of sexual risk behaviors among transgender women were identified.ConclusionsMore research is needed with a larger sample size to continue studying factors that contribute to sexual risk behaviors in the understudied population of transgender women. Evidence‐based guidelines are available to assist public health nurses in providing care for transgender women. Nurses must assess HIV perception risk and HIV knowledge and provide relevant education to transgender women on ways to minimize sexual risk.
Agency and Embodiment: Groups, Human–Machine Interactions, and Virtual Realities
Authors: Himmelreich Johannes 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper develops a taxonomy of kinds of actions that can be seen in group agency, human–machine interactions, and virtual realities. These kinds of actions are special in that they are not embodied in the ordinary sense. I begin by analysing the notion of embodiment into three separate assumptions that together comprise what I call the Embodiment View. Although this view may find support in paradigmatic cases of agency, I suggest that each of its assumptions can be relaxed. With each assumption that is given up, a different kind of disembodied action becomes available. The taxonomy gives a systematic overview and suggests that disembodied actions have the same theoretical relevance as the actions of any ordinarily embodied human.
El camino a la especialización espacial: el asentamiento de la industria de las artes gráficas en el barrio San Nicolás. Santiago de Cali, 1940-1980
Authors: Morera Aparicio Esteban 
Published: December 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>El barrio San Nicolás, reconocido por agrupar la mayor parte de la industria de las artes grá- ficas, fue uno de los casos más representativos de los diferentes fenómenos que caracterizaron a la ciudad de Cali durante el siglo XX. A comienzos de tal siglo, San Nicolás arrastraba una herencia decimonónica como barrio de artesanos que lo llevó a convertirse, con los años, en una de las zonas con mayor presencia industrial y comercial dentro de la ciudad. Ante el crecimiento acelerado, el barrio pasó de ser periferia a centro de la ciudad, y en las décadas de 1960 y 1970 llegó a concentrar la mayor parte de la industria editorial caleña. En este sentido, se conjugaron los elementos que posibilitaron, por un lado, el establecimiento temprano de imprentas grandes en la zona de influencia del barrio y, por otro, la capacidad de emprendimiento y organizativa de los pequeños y medianos impresores, para aprovechar los espacios que abrió la gran industria. </span></p></div></div></div>
Michel de Certeau y las ciencias sociales: un lenguaje alterado
Authors: Ortega Francisco A. 
Published: December 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>La obra de Michel de Certeau se puede comprender a partir de tres ejes de reflexión fundamentales que aparecen en toda su obra. Estos la recorren de principio a fin, se manifiestan en su reflexión teológica, su interpretación histórica, su trabajo sociológico, su antropología política o en sus reflexiones de carácter psicoanalítico. En primer lugar, Certeau muestra una recurrente preocupación por los lugares y modos de producción del saber. En segundo lugar, Certeau se ocupa constantemente de lo que llama las «artes del hacer», los modos de consumo ordinario y, en particular, de la manera como el ciudadano común y corriente recibe, vive, transforma y resiste las interpelaciones hegemónicas del Estado, del aparato productivo y de los medios masivos de comunicación. En tercer lugar, Certeau desarrolla una reflexión sostenida sobre la alteridad, su lugar en la sociedad, su producción social en el acto de interpretación y las demandas éticas y políticas que le asisten. Es en torno a este último eje que enfoco el presente texto. </span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div>
Apretamiento dental sugestivo de maltrato infantil en niños institucionalizados de 6 a 16 años / Dental Clenching as a Sign of Child Abuse in 6-to-16-year-old Institutionalized Children
Authors: Doria Martínez Ana Milena , Navarro Chong Melissa Ivette , Garzón Panesso Sandra Lorena , Herrera Vivas Martha Cecilia , Moreno Abello Gloria Cristina , Furman Kahn Edgar Manuel , Ayala Muñoz Leonardo 
Published: December 2016

<p><strong>ABSTRACT. </strong><em><strong>Background:</strong></em><strong> </strong>Child battered syndrome that affects children and adolescents from all ethnic groups, social classes and religions. In Colombia according to the numbers given by the Colombian Family Welfare Institute of physical abuse affect children between 5-14 years. 75 % of the injuries caused by this syndrome occur to the head or neck region; therefore, the dentist plays an important role in its early detection. <em><strong>Objective:</strong></em> To analyze the correlation between child battering, dental bruxism and clenching in children with and without apparent child abuse of 6 to 18 years. <em><strong>Methods:</strong></em> A cross-sectional descriptive study was made, 104 children (52 children with a previous diagnosis of child abuse and 52 children without this diagnosis), mean age: 6 and 16 years. In both groups a clinical examination was made that included evaluation of habits, muscular system and presence of facets, temporomandibular joint and Test of Beck such as orientation in anxiety levels<strong>.</strong><strong> </strong><em><strong>Results:</strong></em><strong> </strong>the presence of bruxism had no significant relationship between the two groups; while the dental clenching was reflected in a 57.7 % and 32.7 % presented levels of slight or moderate anxiety in battered children. <em><strong>Conclusions:</strong></em> There is a risk factor 16.4 times greater of battered children to present injurious dental clenching and develop temporomandibular disorders in the future.</p>
Efecto de las fuerzas oclusales sobre el periodonto analizado por elementos finitos / Effect of occlusal forces over periodontium analyzed through finite elements
Authors: Gélvez Vera María Alejandra , Velosa Porras Juliana , Pérez Gutiérrez Byron 
Published: December 2016

<p><strong><span>ABSTRACT. </span></strong><em><strong><span>Background:</span></strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><span> </span></span><span>Biomechanical effects of occlusal loads on teeth during clenching and in mastication have been evaluated. A harmful consequence of occlusal overload is tooth fracture, which has been analyzed through methods such as electrical tests, photo elasticity, and finite elements. Although there are numerous studies linking periodontal disease and occlusion, the biomechanical role of the forces exerted on the periodontium has not been studied enough.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><strong>Objective:</strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>To evaluate the effect of normal and harmful occlusal forces on the periodontium through finite elements.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><strong>Methods:</strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>The finite element analysis included the following steps: specification of geometry, element type, and material properties and force magnitudes in Newton’s (from 150 N to 675 N using 25 N increments) on the longitudinal axis of the tooth.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><strong>Results:</strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>There was a statistically significant difference between the stress distribution in periodontal ligament, cortical bone, and dentine according to tooth type (p = 0.000), but not significant differences were observed in cancellous bone (p = 0.166).<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>The concentration of stress was located in the three teeth, incisor, premolar, and molar, in the buccal cervical area where most stress distribution was evident in all magnitudes of force applied.</span></p>