bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Entrepreneurship Skills Management of Students at SMK 2 Palangka Raya
Authors: Nurbudiyani Iin , Said Muhammad 
Published: August 2017

Abstract The study seeks to trace the way of disseminating the skills of entrepreneurship among of the students in school (SMK Negeri) 2 Palangka Raya. This study applied qualitative approach by observation, documentation and interviews the principle of school, vice principle for curriculum affairs, vice principals for students affairs entrepreneurial education teacher, and unit production managers. The findings show that developing skills of students entrepreneurship has meer the criteria and functions of contemporary management. The ddissemination of entrepreneuership skills to the students was done through practical way through a variety of channels, such as units of production practice, in collaboration with the real enterprises such as telecommunication, pharmacy store, college of management and communication science, bazaar or flea market and other forms of collaboration with the tellecominication office, gra pari, and salon. In practice, disseminiting the entrepreneuership skills are still faced with many complex challenges such as human resources who has no progressive spirit of teaching due to the contemporary dynamics issues of business,lack professionalism of teacher in teaching and learning process, the curriculum change, lack of facilities and infrastucture owned by the school, and the limitation of time in practicing the theories. Abstrak Study ini mengkaji cara menanamkan ketrampilan berwirausaha pada siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri 2 Palangka Raya. Studi ini menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif dengan observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah bagian kurikulum, wakil kepala sekolah bagian kesiswaan, guru kewirausahaan, dan pengelola unit produksi. Temuan studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan ketrampilan berwirausaha siswa telah memenuhi kriteria penerapan fungsi manajemen komtemporer. Diseminasi ketrampilan berwirausaha siswa selain pemahaman teorertik melalui proses belajar mengajar di kelas juga melalui praktek langsung beresentuhan dengan dunia usaha melalui sejumlah saluran yang berbeda seperti praktek di unit produksi, kerjasama dengan telekomunikasi, apotik, sekolah tinggi ilmu manajemen dan komunikasi, pasar murah, dan bentuk kerjasama lain seperti gra pari dan salon. Dalam prakteknya, diseminasi ketrampilan berwirausaha masih diperhadapkan dengan berbagai tantangan seperti sumber daya manusia yang memiliki semangat berkemajuan untuk mengajar sesuai dengan dinamika isu-isu business kontemporer, kurangnya profesionalisme guru, Perubahan kurikulum, kurangnya fasilitas dan infrasktuktur sekolah, keterabatasan waktu dalam mempraktekkan teori-teori kewirausahaan. How to Cite : Nurbudiyani, I. Said, M. (2015). Developing Entrepreneurship Skills Management of Students at SMK 2 Palangka Raya. TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society, 2(2), 131-145. doi:10.15408/tjems .v2i2.3182. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i2.3182
Civic Education at Public Islamic Higher Education (PTKIN) and Pesantren
Authors: Azra Azyumardi 
Published: August 2017

With a brief foundation that covers some reviews of world literature on education and politics, the study points out the significance of developing a certain model of democracy education in the diverse country, Indonesia. The paper aims to establish the development and the excavation of democracy in Indonesia by presenting historical explanation on how Indonesian muslim scholars from UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta developed a suitable model of Indonesian civic education, which considers the elements of diversity as strengthening elements for democracy. Different from Shanker’s view (1996) on the global challenge of civic education, this study shows the successful experience of Indonesian Muslim in the development and application of civic education as a compulsory subject in Islamic education institutions, namely Public Islamic Higher Education (PTKIN) and pesantren. Finally, it recommends further development and emphasizes the vital influence on rooting civic education in Pesantren since it will positively play an important role to strengthen the evolving democracy in Indonesia by integrating Islamic and Indonesian values. Abstrak Dengan melakukan review singkat terhadap beberapa literatur internasional tentang pendidikan dan politik, studi ini menunjukkan pengembangan model khusus pendidikan demokrasi di Indonesia sebagai negara multi etnis. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan perkembangan dan pengembangan demokrasi di Indonesia dengan pemaparan historis tentang bagaimana muslim Indonesia khususnya di UIN jakarta dalam mengembangkan model Civic Education yang tepat, yang mempertimbangkan elemen keberagamaan sebagai penguat demokrasi. Berbeda dari pendapat Shanker(1996) tentang tantangan global terhadap pendidikan kewarganegaraan, studi ini menggambarkan pengalaman sukses muslim Indonesia dalam mengembangkan pendidikan kewarganegaraan sebagai mata kuliah wajib di institusi pendidikan Islam dengan nama Perguruan Tinggi Keagaamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN) dan Pesantren. Di bagian akhir, tulisan ini merekomendasikan pengembangan lebih jauh dan penekanan akan pentingnya pengaruh pendidikan kewarganegaraan di Pesantren, karena Pesantren memainkan peran penting untuk menguatkan pengembangan demokrasi di Indonesia dengan mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai keislaman dan keindonesiaan.How to Cite : Azra, A. (2015). Civic Education at Public Islamic Higher Education (PTKIN) and Pesantren. TARBIYA: Journal of Education In Muslim Society, 2(2), 167-177. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i2.3186. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i2.3186
Telemetriás és online nontelemetriás adatok elemzése szívelégtelen betegek fizikai aktivitásának jellemzésére
Authors: Melczer Csaba , Melczer László , Goják Ilona , Kónyi Attila , Szabados Sándor , Raposa László Bence , Oláh András , Ács Pongrác 
Published: August 2017

Abstract: Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of heart disease can be accounted for between 0.4 and 2% in developed countries. Aim: The present study aimed to use the PA% of the telemetry data to estimate the 6-minute walk test result. Method: A total of seventeen patients with heart disease; 3 females and 14 males; age: 57.35 yrs ± 9.54; body mass 98.71 ± 9.89 kg; average BMI 36.69 ± 3.67 were recruited into the study. Using the two sets of values describing physical performance, linear regression was calculated providing a mathematical equation, thus, the Physical Activity % value is used to estimate the distance traveled over a 6-minute walk test. Results: On further data analysis, we have come to the conclusion that the distance walked during the six-minute-long test may be measured by PA% from the data of CRT device. Conclusions: With our method, based on the values received from the physical activity sensor implanted into the resynchronisation devices, changes in patients’ health status could be monitored telemetrically with the assistance from the implanted electronic device. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(35): 1390–1395.
Anti-SRP-pozitív myositises betegeink klinikai sajátosságai és terápiára adott válaszuk
Authors: Botos Balázs , Nagy-Vincze Melinda , Dankó Katalin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract: Introduction: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a group of clinically heterogeneous diseases, which have been classified by myositis specific antibodies recently. The anti-SRP positive subset of this group is characterized by more severe clinical prognosis than other myositis specific antibody positive types. Aim: Our goal was to compare 16 anti-SRP positive patients in the Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen with 16 antibody negative ones. Method: Muscle strength validated in both groups by the manual muscle test proved to be significantly decreased both before and after therapy (χ2 = 0.006 and 0.019) in the anti-SRP positive group. Results: Muscle-specific inflammatory laboratory parameters showed significant difference only in case of LDH-levels after therapy. Both groups showed good clinical response to first line steroid treatment, yet the significantly higher rate of second line administration suggests worse therapeutic response of the antibody positive group. Conclusion: Based on these facts we determined poor clinical prognosis and therapeutic response of the anti-SRP positive group. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(35): 1382–1389.
TINGKAT PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT PERIKANAN DALAM PEMANFAATAN POTENSI DUA DANAU DI KABUPATEN SIMEULUE
Authors: Zulham Armen 
Published: August 2017

Danau Laulo dan Danau Lauik Tawar adalah dua danau di Simeulue yang informasinya belum tersedia secara memadai. Akibatnya program pembangunan untuk masyarakat disekitar danau itu belum dapat diwujudkan. Tulisan ini, mempelajari tingkat partisipasi pemangku kepentingan di Desa Amabaan dan Desa Bulu Hadek dalam mengembangkan dan memanfaatkan potensi kedua danau tersebut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Nopember 2015 dengan mewawancara secara acak 20 responden di Desa Amabaan dan 20 responden di Desa Bulu Hadek. Pengumpulan data kedua dilakukan pada Oktober 2016 melalui diskusi dengan tokoh masyarakat setempat. Hasil penelitian menggungkapkan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat memanfaatkan potensi danau, belum mencapai tingkat partisipasi mandiri. Tingkat partisipasi pedagang hanya pada tingkat partisipasi informatif (di Desa Bulu Hadek) dan tingkat partisipasi interaktif (di Desa Amabaan). Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat membiayaai usaha di Amabaan adalah tingkat partisipasi interaktif dan di Desa Bulu Hadek adalah tingkat partisipasi insentif. Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemupukan modal melalui tabungan adalah tingkat partisipasi pasif. Tulisan ini merekomendasikan, untuk peningkatan pemanfaatan potensi danau perlu dilakukan intervensi pemerintah dengan membentuk pasar informal dan mengembangkan inkubator bisnis pada kedua lokasi tersebut. Dampak dari rekomendasi itu akan mendorong perubahan sosial dalam masyarakat, sehingga dapat membuat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan potensi danau, perdagangan dan pemupukan modal menuju tingkat partisipasi mandiri. There is limited information related to Laulo and Lauik Tawar Lakes located in Simeulue. As a consequences, the economic development program for the community cannot be appropriately implemented. This paper aims to investigate the level of participation among stakeholders in the community of Amabaan and Bulu Hadek Villages. Data was collected in November 2015 by interviewing 20 respondents in both villages randomly. The second data collection was conducted in October 2016 by discussing with the local public figures. The results showed that the community has not reached independent level in utilizing the lakes potency. The level of traders’ participation only reached the informative participation and the interactive participation in Bulu Hadek Village and Amabaan Village repectively. The level of participation in community in funding the business in Amabaan and Bulu Hadek Village are interactive and incentive, respectively. The level of participation by community on capital formation by savings is passive. The government intervention needed to increase participation level, such as creating informal market or market day (farmers market) and creating business incubator on both locations. Those activities will encourage social change to make the community participate in utilizing lake potency, trade, and capital growth through independent level of participation.
ANÁLISE DOS COEFICIENTES DE UNIFORMIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO DE MICROASPERSORES
Authors: Palaretti Luiz Fabiano , Zanini José Renato , Vechiato Diego Augusto , Dalri Alexandre Barcellos , Farias Rogério Teixeira de 
Published: August 2017

ANÁLISE DOS COEFICIENTES DE UNIFORMIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO DE MICROASPERSORES LUIZ FABIANO PALARETTI1; JOSÉ RENATO ZANINI1; DIEGO AUGUSTO VECCHIATO1; ALEXANDRE BARCELLOS DALRI1 E ROGÉRIO TEIXEIRA DE FARIA1 1Departamento de Engenharia Rural, FCAV/Unesp, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil, email: lfpalaretti@fcav.unesp.br, jrzanini@fcav.unesp.br, rogeriofaria@fcav.unesp.br, diegoauv@hotmail.com, dalri@fcav.unesp.br 1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a uniformidade de aplicação de água e o padrão de molhamento dos microaspersores DAN 2001 e DAN 2002, conforme a ABNT (2004). O ensaio foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP. O tempo de teste foi de 1 hora sob pressão constante de 250 kPa e total ausência de vento, com 3 repetições. Foram determinados os coeficientes de uniformidade de distribuição (CUD) e de Christiansen (CUC) e o padrão de molhamento dos microaspersores. Os valores médios de CUC para ambos os microaspersores foi classificado como “bom” alcançando 80,22% e 83,21% para o DAN 2001 e DAN 2002, respectivamente. Os valores médios de CUD foram 71,35% (DAN 2001) e 75,39% (DAN 2002), ambos classificados como “bom”. Os valores médios de CUC e CUD não diferiram entre si pelo teste de Tukey (p³0.05), apresentando valores de coeficiente de variação de 6,52 e 10,77, respectivamente. O padrão de molhamento apresentou maiores intensidades de aplicação (4,0 – 5,0 mm h-1) nos primeiros 0,25 m de distância do microaspersor, decrescendo com o aumento da distância, com intensidades de 2,0 a 3,0 mm h-1 a 2,25 m. Palavras-chave: sobreposição, emissores, raio de alcance PALARETTI, L. F.; ZANINI, J. R.; VECCHIATO, D. A.; DALRI, A. B.; FARIA, R. T. ANALYSIS OF APPLICATION UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENT OF THE MICROSPRINKLERS 2 ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze water application uniformity and wetness pattern of microsprinklers DAN 2001 and DAN 2002 according to ABNT NBR (2004). The test was conducted in Paulista State University, campus of Jaboticabal, SP. The test time was 1 hour under a constant pressure of 250 kPa and total absence of wind, with 3 replications. The distribution uniformity coefficient (CUD); uniformity (CUC) and wetness pattern of microsprinklers were determinated. The average values of CUC for both microsprinklers were described as "good", reaching 80.22 and 83.21% for the DAN 2001 and DAN 2002, respectively. The average values of CUD were 71.35% (DAN 2001) and 75.39% (DAN 2002), both described as "good". The average values of CUC and CUD did not differ in Tukey tests (p³0.05), with coefficient variation values of 6.52 and 10.77, respectively. The wetness pattern showed higher intensities application (4.0 to 5.0 mm h-1) for the first 0.25 m distance from the microsprinklers, decreasing with increasing distance, with intensities from 2.0 to 3.0 mm h-1 at 2.25 m. Keywords: overlapping, emitters, operating range
KARAKTERISTIK MIKROSTRUKTUR DAN FASA PADUAN Zr- 0,3%Nb-0,5%Fe-0,5%Cr PASCA PERLAKUAN PANAS DAN PENGEROLAN DINGIN
Authors: Sungkono Sungkono , Masrukan Masrukan 
Published: August 2017

KARAKTERISTIK MIKROSTRUKTUR DAN FASA PADUAN Zr-0,3%Nb-0,5%Fe-0,5%Cr PASCA PERLAKUAN PANAS DAN PENGEROLAN DINGIN. Logam paduan Zr-Nb-Fe-Cr dikembangkan sebagai material kelongsong elemen bakar dengan fraksi bakar tinggi untuk reaktor daya maju. Dalam penelitian ini telah dibuat paduan Zr-0,3%Nb-0,5%Fe-0,5%Cr yang mendapat perlakuan panas pada temperatur 650 dan 750°C dengan waktu penahanan 1–2 jam. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan karakter paduan Zr-0,3%Nb-0,5%Fe-0,5%Cr pasca perlakuan panas dan pengerolan dingin yaitu mikrostruktur, struktur kristal dan fasa-fasa yang ada dalam paduan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paduan Zr-0,3%Nb-0,5%Fe-0,5%Cr pasca perlakuan panas (650ºC, 1-2 jam) mempunyai struktur butir ekuiaksial dengan ukuran butir bertambah besar seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu penahanan. Sementara itu, pasca perlakuan panas (750ºC, 1-2 jam) terjadi perubahan mikrostruktur paduan dari butir ekuiaksial dan kolumnar menjadi butir ekuiaksial lebih besar. Paduan Zr-0,3%Nb-0,5%Fe-0,5%Cr pasca perlakuan panas (650°C, 1 jam) dan (750°C, 1 jam) tidak dapat dirol dingin dengan reduksi tebal 5 – 10%, sedangkan pasca perlakuan panas (650ºC, 2 jam) dan (750°C, 1.5-2 jam) mampu menerima deformasi dingin dengan reduksi ketebalan 5-10% tanpa mengalami keretakan. Senyawa Zr2Fe, ZrCr2 dan FeCr teridentifikai dari hasil uji kristalografi paduan Zr-0,3%Nb-0,5%Fe-0,5%Cr. MICROSTRUCTURE AND PHASE CHARACTERISTICSOF Zr-0.3%Nb-0.5%Fe-0.5%Cr ALLOY POST HEAT TREATMENT AND COLD ROLLING. Zr-Nb-Fe-Cr alloys was developed as fuel elements cladding with high burn up for advanced power reactors. In this research has been made of Zr-0.3% Nb-0.5% Fe-0.5% Cr alloy were heat treated with varying temperatures at650 and 750°C for 1 until 2 hours. The objectives of this research was to obtain the character of Zr-0.3% Nb-0.5% Fe-0.5% Cr alloy post heat treatment and cold rolling, microstructure nomenclature, crystal structure and phases that presents in the alloy. The results of this experiment showed that the microstructures of Zr-0.3% Nb-0.5% Fe-0.5% Cr alloy post heat treatment (650ºC, 1-2 hours) had equiaxial grain structure with an enlarged size with increasing of the retention time. Meanwhile, post heat treatment (750°C, 1-2 hours) occurred the microstructures evolution of alloy from equiaxial and columnar became equiaxial and columnar relatively large, and subsequently became the larger equiaxial grains. Zr-0.3% Nb-0.5% Fe-0.5% Cr alloy post heat treatment (650°C, 2 h) and (750°C, 1.5-2 hours) can undergo cold deformation without cracking when thickness reduction between 5 to 10%.The phases formation of Zr2Fe, ZrCr2 and FeCr compounds can improve the mechanical strength and the corrosion resistance of Zr-0.3% Nb-0.5% Fe-0.5% Cr alloy.
EFFECT OF CURRENT, TIME, FEED AND CATHODE TYPE ON ELECTROPLATING PROCESS OF URANIUM SOLUTION
Authors: Sigit Sigit , Widodo Ghaib , Wasito Bangun , Basuki Kris Tri , Fahrunissa Fahrunissa 
Published: August 2017

EFFECT OF CURRENT, TIME, FEED AND CATHODE TYPE ON ELECTROPLATING PROCESS OF URANIUM SOLUTION. Electroplating process of uranyl nitrate and effluent process has been carried out in order to collect uranium contained therein using electrode Pt / Pt and Pt / SS at various currents and times. Material used for electrode were Pt (platinum) and SS (Stainlees Steel). Feed solution of 250 mL was entered into a beaker glass equipped with Pt anode - Pt cathode or Pt anode - SS cathode, then fogged direct current from DC power supply with specific current and time so that precipitation of uranium sticking to the cathode. After the processes completed, the cathode was removed and weighed to determine weight of precipitates, while the solution was analyzed to determine the uranium concentration decreasing after and before electroplating process. The experiments showed that a relatively good time to acquire uranium deposits at the cathode was 1 hour by current 7 ampere, uranyl nitrate as feed, and Pt (platinum) as cathode. In these conditions, uranium deposits attached to the cathode amounted to 74.96% of the original weight of uranium oxide in the feed or 206.5 mg weight. The use of Pt cathode for uranyl nitrate, SS and Pt cathode for effluent process feed gave uranium specific weight at the cathode of 12.99 mg/cm2, 2.4 mg/cm2 and 5.37 mg/cm2 respectively for current 7 ampere and electroplating time 1 hour.Keywords: Electroplating, uranyl nitrate, effluent process, Pt/Pt electrode, Pt/SS electrode
PROSES EKSTRAKSI-STRIPPING UO2(NO3)2 BERIMPURITAS HASIL PELARUTAN YELLOW CAKE
Authors: Muchsin Anwar , Widodo Ghaib 
Published: August 2017

PROSES EKSTRAKSI-STRIPPING UO2(NO3)2 BERIMPURITAS HASIL PELARUTAN YELLOW CAKE (YC). Uranil nitrat/UO2(NO3)2 merupakan bahan dasar/umpan yang dipakai sebagai bahan bakar baik reaktor riset maupun reaktor daya. Proses ekstraksi-stripping perlu dilakukan terhadap UO2(NO3)2, karena di dalam UO2(NO3)2 tersebut masih terdapat impuritas yang terikut selama berlangsungnya proses pelarutan Yellow Cake. Untuk mendapatkan larutan UO2(NO3)2 yang memenuhi persyaratan murni nuklir (nuclear grade), maka harus dilakukan proses pemurnian dengan ekstraksi-stripping menggunakan 3 (tiga) parameter yaitu laju alir umpan, keasaman umpan pada proses ekstraksi, dan keasaman pada proses stripping. Mekanisme proses ekstraksi terjadi UO2(NO3)2 akan masuk ke fasa organik TBP, sedangkan impuritasnya berada dalam fasa air (rafinat). Uranium dalam fasa organik dilakukan proses stripping dengan menentukan keasaman (sebagai parameter), sehingga diperoleh larutan campuran UO2(NO3)2 murni nuklir (nuclear grade). Kondisi proses ekstraksi diperoleh laju air umpan 15 L/jam, keasaman umpan pada proses ekstraksi sebesar ±3 M dan diperoleh kadar uranium sebesar 48.5365 gU/L, sedangkan proses stripping diperoleh UO2(NO3)2 sebesar 64,7860 gU/L pada keasaman 0,04 M.
PENGARUH VISKOSITAS SOL DAN PRESOLIDIFIKASI DENGAN GAS NH3 PADA GELASI EKSTERNAL PEMBUATAN GEL INTI BAHAN BAKAR REAKTOR SUHU TINGGI DENGAN BAHAN SORROGATE Ce DISTABILKAN DENGAN Zr
Authors: Sukarsono Sukarsono , Rahmawati Meniek 
Published: August 2017

Gel cerium distabilkan dengan zirkonium digunakan untuk bahan pengganti (sorrogate) penelitian gel ammonium diuranat (ADU) yang akan digunakan sebagai inti bahan bakar reaktor suhu tinggi (RST). Gel tersebut dapat dibuat melalui proses yang sama dengan proses pembuatan gel ADU yaitu gelasi eksternal. Larutan campuran cerium nitrat dan zirkonium oksi nitrat dibuat dari pelarutan masing-masing senyawa nitrat dan kemudian dicampur menjadi satu larutan. Campuran larutan nitrat dari Ce dan Zr dengan kandungan Ce 12% mol, ditambahkan urea sebagai pengatur pH larutan kemudian ditambahkan aditif THFA dan PVA menjadi larutan sol yang siap digunakan sebagai umpan proses gelasi. Larutan Sol diumpankan ke dalam kolom gelasi dengan ditekan menggunakan udara tekan. Larutan sol masuk dalam nozzle penetes yang divibrasi dengan amplitudo dan frekuensi tertentu. Tetesan dilewatkan pada kolom berisi NH3 sehingga terjadi presolidifikasi pada permukaan tetesan. Selanjutnya tetesan jatuh ke media larutan berisi NH4OH dalam kolom gelasi. Pemadatan terjadi karena polimerisasi PVA dengan logam nitrat pada pH tertentu. Pada waktu tetesan sol jatuh melalui media gelasi polimerisasi diteruskan sehingga tetesan sol berubah menjadi gel. Gel kemudian tertampung dalam wadah yang ada dibawah kolom gelasi untuk menyempurnakan reaksi sehingga menjadi gel padat. Selanjutnya gel dicuci berturut-turut dengan NH4OH encer, air dan isoprofil alkohol dan diteruskan dengan pengeringan. Karakter gel basah dipengaruhi oleh kondisi larutan sol yang digunakan untuk umpan gelasi. Pengoperasian kolom gelasi untuk menghasilkan gel yang bulat dan seragam perlu pengaturan terhadap frekuensi, amplitudo dan kecepatan alir larutan sol. Pengoperasian pada frekuensi 100 Hz untuk sol dengan viskositas 56 cP, dihasilkan gel baik pada kecepatan alir 28,8 ml/men. Untuk sol dengan viskositas 97 cP kecepatan alir yang baik adalah 25,8 ml/men dan viskositas rendah 46 didapat kecepatan alir 30 ml/men. Frekuensi lebih tinggi 110 Hz untuk sol dengan viskositas 97, kecepatan alir adalah 27,9 ml/men dibandingkan kalau frekuensi 100 Hz yang kecepatan alir solnya 25,8 ml/men dan frekuensi rendah 90 Hz kecepatan alir untuk menghasilkan gel baik adalah 21,2 ml/men. Proses gelasi yang dilengkapi aliran gas NH3 sebagai media presolidifikasi menghasilkan gel yang lebih bulat dan seragam dibandingkan dengan tanpa aliran gas NH3 menghasilkan gel yang tidak bulat.