bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patientenkompetenz, Empowerment und Selbsthilfe bei Frauen mit Brustkrebs im Frühstadium: Begriffsbestimmungen, Statuserhebung und Handlungsbedarf
Authors: Nagel Gerd , Schreiber Delia , Marschner Norbert 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Kompetente Krebspatienten glauben an die Wirksamkeit eigener Heilkräfte zur Krankheitsbewältigung. Seit 10–20 Jahren finden sie damit auch im Gesundheitswesen Gehör.
Fragestellung Wurden die Erwartungen kompetenter Patienten vom Gesundheitswesen aufgegriffen? Decken sich die Vorstellungen speziell von Frauen mit Brustkrebs über Ziele, Inhalte und Nutzen der Selbsthilfe mit denjenigen von Healthcare-Professionals?
Methodik Literatur-Review, Umfragen, Workshops, Erfahrungen aus der Beratungspraxis.
Ergebnisse Die Akteure im Gesundheitswesen haben bereits sehr viel zur Förderung kompetenter Patienten getan. Die Schwerpunkte ihrer Angebote liegen auf Beratungen, Informationen und Informationstechnologien zur Verbesserung des Wissensstandes von Patienten. Es gibt jedoch noch keinen Konsens zum langfristigen Nutzen des Patienten-Empowerment.
Diskussion Handlungsbedarf besteht v. a. in Bezug auf die Entwicklung und Validierung des Theorie-geleiteten, systemischen Empowerment-Coachings, auf die Langzeiteffekte von Interventionen zur Förderung von Patientenkompetenz, Empowerment und Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung sowie auf die Erforschung möglicher Synergien zwischen Patientenressourcen und Endpunkten der Tumortherapie.
Incidental colorectal focal 18F-FDG uptake: a novel indication for colonoscopy
Authors: Rigault Eugénie , Lenoir Laurence , Bouguen Guillaume , Pagenault Mael , Lièvre Astrid , Garin Etienne , Siproudhis Laurent , Bretagne Jean-François 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims The relevance of incidental colorectal focal 18F-FDG PET/CT uptake is debatable. All patients who were referred for colonoscopy because of incidental colonic focal FDG uptake were included in this retrospective study.
Patients and methods PET/CT imaging characteristics were reviewed by a nuclear physician who was blinded to endoscopic and histopathological findings to determine the location of FDG uptake sites and to measure the maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and metabolic volume (MV). Endoscopic findings were categorized as malignant lesions (ML), high-risk polyps (HRP), low-risk polyps (LRP) or other non-neoplastic lesions (NNL).
Results Seventy patients with 84 foci of FDG uptake were included. The proportions of true-positive (lesions found at colonoscopy at the same location) and false-positive (no lesion at colonoscopy) PET/CT findings were 65.5 % (n = 55) and 34.5 % (n = 29). Median SUVmax values did not differ between true-positive and false-positive findings (P = 0.27). Median MV30 values differed significantly between true-positive (5.5 cm3, [3.3 – 10.9 cm3]) and false-positive (9.7 cm3, [5.2 – 40.8 cm3]) findings (P = 0.015). Among the 55 true-positive FDG uptake sites, there were 14 (25.5 %) malignant lesions, 30 (54.5 %) HRP, 4 (7.3 %) LRP, and 7 (12.7 %) NNL. Median MV30 values differed significantly between advanced neoplasia (5.0 cm3, [2.9 – 9.7 cm3]) and other endoscopic findings (9.4 cm3, [5.2 – 39.8 cm3]) (P = 0.001); the AUROC was 0.71. By per-colonic segment analysis, the distribution of true-positive, false-negative, false-positive, and true-negative FDG PET/CT findings was as follows: 21.5 %, 14.2 %, 11.5 %, and 52.8 %, respectively.
Conclusion Our study demonstrates that follow-up complete colonoscopy is mandatory in all patients with incidental colorectal focal 18F-FDG PET/CT uptake.
Relevanz myofaszialer Ketten in der Bewegungstherapie muskuloskeletaler Erkrankungen
Authors: Krause F. , Wilke J. 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungNach neuen Erkenntnissen der Faszienforschung sind die Muskeln des menschlichen Körpers durch kollagenes Bindegewebe miteinander verbunden.
Diese Verbindung scheint mechanische Relevanz zu besitzen. Weder die morphologische Kontinuität noch der Krafttransfer lassen sich jedoch
auf die Wirkung myofaszialer Ketten reduzieren. Vielmehr fungiert das menschliche Fasziensystem als multidirektionales Kontinuum.Obwohl für konkrete Therapieverfahren bislang nur schwache Evidenz vorliegt, scheint ein holistischer Ansatz sinnvoll, der den
Therapieblickwinkel nicht auf den Ort der Symptomlokalisation einschränkt.
Network approach to patterns in stratocumulus clouds
Authors: Glassmeier Franziska , Feingold Graham 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Large parts of the subtropical oceans are covered by stratocumulus (Sc) cloud decks that self-organize into honeycomb-like hexagonal patterns. These clouds cool the planet by reflecting solar radiation. Sc patterns are controlled by processes from the micrometer to the kilometer scale. Climate models cannot resolve these length scales, such that Sc clouds are a large uncertainty for climate projections. Inspired by similar patterns in biology and physics, we analyze Sc patterns as dynamic cellular networks. This perspective enables us to translate detailed knowledge of cloud processes into a simple network model. Our model offers a fundamental explanation of the structure and arrangement of Sc clouds and may contribute to improving their representation in climate models.
Global and regional cardiac function in lifelong endurance athletes with and without myocardial fibrosis
Authors: Eijsvogels Thijs M. H. , Oxborough David L. , O'Hanlon Rory , Sharma Sanjay , Prasad Sanjay , Whyte Greg , George Keith P. , Wilson Mathew G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare cardiac structure as well as global and regional cardiac function in athletes with and without myocardial fibrosis (MF). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with late gadolinium enhancement was used to detect MF and global cardiac structure in nine lifelong veteran endurance athletes (58 ± 5 years, 43 ± 5 years of training). Transthoracic echocardiography using tissue‐Doppler and myocardial strain imaging assessed global and regional (18 segments) longitudinal left ventricular function. MF was present in four athletes (range 1–8 g) and not present in five athletes. MF was located near the insertion points of the right ventricular free wall on the left ventricle in three athletes and in the epicardial lateral wall in one athlete. Athletes with MF demonstrated a larger end diastolic volume (205 ± 24 vs 173 ± 18 ml) and posterior wall thickness (11 ± 1 vs 9 ± 1 mm) compared to those without MF. The presence of MF did not mediate global tissue velocities or global longitudinal strain and strain rate; however, regional analysis of longitudinal strain demonstrated reduced function in some fibrotic regions. Furthermore, base to apex gradient was affected in three out of four athletes with MF. Lifelong veteran endurance athletes with MF demonstrate larger cardiac dimensions and normal global cardiac function. Fibrotic areas may demonstrate some co‐localised regional cardiac dysfunction, evidenced by an affected cardiac strain and base to apex gradient. These data emphasize the heterogeneous phenotype of MF in athletes.
Lateral Compression–I Pelvic Ring Injury: Not Benign to the Developing Fetus
Authors: Weinlein John C. , Mashru Rakesh P. , Perez Edward A. , Johnson Sara E. 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
To determine whether certain patterns of pelvic ring injury are associated with more frequent intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD).

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Of 44 pregnant patients with pelvic and/or acetabular fractures, 40 had complete records that allowed determination of fetal viability. χ2 tests were used for categorical variables (Fisher exact tests when expected cell counts were fewer than 5), and t tests were used for continuous variables.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Fetal or maternal death.

Results:
Sixteen patients had isolated acetabular fractures, 25 had isolated pelvic ring injuries, and 3 had acetabular fractures with concomitant pelvic ring injuries. Maternal and fetal mortality were 2% and 40%, respectively. No patients with isolated acetabular fractures experienced IUFD, compared with 68% (15/22) of those with isolated pelvic ring injuries (P < 0.0001). Eight (53%) of 15 IUFDs were associated with lateral compression (LC)-I pelvic ring injuries (Orthopaedic Trauma Association/Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen 61-B2). Of the 13 LC-I pelvic ring injuries, 8 (62%) resulted in IUFD. Pelvic ring stability, Young–Burgess classification, and operative treatment were not associated with IUFD. Maternal Glasgow Coma Scale (average 13.2) and Injury Severity Score (average 18.2) at admission were predictive of IUFD.

Conclusions:
The most frequent pelvic fractures in gravid trauma patients are LC-I. Although the rate of maternal mortality was low, the risk of IUFD was quite high (40%). LC-I pelvic ring injuries often had catastrophic outcomes, with IUFD in 62% of cases.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Long-Term Sexual Function After Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries
Authors: O'Shea Michele S. , Lewicky-Gaupp Christina , Gossett Dana R. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are associated with severe short and long-term morbidities, although little is known about the long-term sexual function or satisfaction of women and partners of women with history of OASIS. The objective of this study was to describe the long-term sexual function and satisfaction of women who previously sustained OASIS and to assess sexual satisfaction among their male partners.

Methods
This was a follow-up study of participants enrolled in the For Optimal Recovery: Care After Severe Tears (FORCAST) prospective cohort study of women with a history of OASIS after delivery of a full-term singleton infant between 2011 and 2013. A total of 47 women and 25 male partners at a mean of 45 months ± 8 months after incident delivery completed online validated questionnaires assessing current sexual functioning and satisfaction. The Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI) was completed by female participants, whereas the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) was completed by both female participants and their male partners.

Results
Nearly half (47%) of women met the criteria for female sexual dysfunction according to the Female Sexual Functioning Index. One-third of women (34%) had an overall GRISS score of 5 or greater, indicating sexual dysfunction. Sixty-two percent of women had a subsequent delivery. Seven male partners (28%) met the criteria for sexual dysfunction according to the GRISS. The most problematic GRISS subscale reported by both men and women was that of infrequency of intercourse.

Conclusions
Even 3 years after sustaining OASIS, up to half of women and many male partners meet the criteria for sexual dysfunction. Future studies including women without history of OASIS are needed to further investigate the role OASIS may play in the development of long-term sexual dysfunction.
Efficacy of FemiScan Pelvic Floor Therapy for the Treatment of Anal Incontinence
Authors: Segal Shimon , Morse Abraham , Sangal Purnima , Hirsch Nathan , Kohli Neeraj 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
Pelvic floor muscle training can be effective in alleviating anal incontinence; however, women need instruction, motivation, and feedback to gain optimal benefit. The FemiScan Pelvic Floor Therapy System is approved in the United States and European Union for the treatment of urinary incontinence. It uses office electromyography and an in-home programmable device. This study was undertaken to document the effect of FemiScan on anal incontinence symptoms of women who completed a physician–supervised program.

Methods
Women referred for treatment of urinary symptoms who also reported anal incontinence symptoms were included in the analysis. We collected patient demographics, electromyographic measurements, and responses to subjective questions about the status of their anal incontinence.

Results
Forty eight (55%) of 88 patients who started treatment completed the 8-visit protocol. No adverse events were reported. Mean age was 54.8 ± 12.0 years. There was a statistically significant increase in the mean maximal response comparing the first and final electromyographic measurements obtained during the first and last office visits: left side, 13.7 ± 9.3 μV versus 23.2 ± 13.5 μV, P < 0.001 and right side, 14.6 ± 2.4 μV versus 22.7 ± 10.6 μV, P < 0.001 were analyzed separately. Fifty six percent reported that they were 100% free of symptoms, and 77% considered their symptoms at least 80% improved. Colorectal Anal Distress Inventory results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement when comparing the first and last visit (28.9 ± 17.9 vs 2.1 ± 7.8, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
FemiScan appears to be a safe and effective treatment for anal incontinence with concomitant increased pelvic floor electromyographic activity.
Rectoneovaginal Fistula in a Transgender Woman Successfully Repaired Using a Buccal Mucosa Graft
Authors: Elmer-DeWitt Molly Abbott , Wood Hadley M. , Hull Tracy , Unger Cecile A. 
Published: September 2017

Background
Rectoneovaginal fistulae (RnVFs) are abnormal connections between the rectum and a surgically created neovagina. Although very uncommon, they confer significant morbidity in patients and may require a multidisciplinary team approach to the repair. Risk factors for RnVF include rectal injury at the time of neovaginoplasty, malignancy in the neovagina, trauma (iatrogenic or otherwise), radiation, and neovaginal revision surgery.

Case Description
The patient is a 64-year-old transgender woman with recurrent RnVF following penile skin inversion neovaginoplasty, which was complicated by an intraoperative rectal injury. After failing an initial attempt at repair, the fistula was successfully repaired with a buccal mucosa graft.

Conclusions
In some cases, RnVFs following vaginoplasty surgery for gender affirmation may be repaired successfully with a buccal mucosa graft.
Quantification of frequency-dependent genetic architectures and action of negative selection in 25 UK Biobank traits
Authors: Schoech Armin P , Jordan Daniel , Loh Po-Ru , Gazal Steven , O’Connor Luke , Balick Daniel J , Palamara Pier F , Finucane Hilary K , Sunyaev Shamil R , Price Alkes L 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the role of rare variants is important in elucidating the genetic basis of human diseases and complex traits. It is widely believed that negative selection can cause rare variants to have larger per-allele effect sizes than common variants. Here, we develop a method to estimate the minor allele frequency (MAF) dependence of SNP effect sizes. We use a model in which per-allele effect sizes have variance proportional to [p(1−p)]α, wherepis the MAF and negative values ofαimply larger effect sizes for rare variants. We estimateαby maximizing its profile likelihood in a linear mixed model framework using imputed genotypes, including rare variants (MAF >0.07%). We applied this method to 25 UK Biobank diseases and complex traits (N = 113,851). All traits produced negativeαestimates with 20 significantly negative, implying larger rare variant effect sizes. The inferred best-fit distribution of trueαvalues across traits had mean −0.38 (s.e. 0.02) and standard deviation 0.08 (s.e. 0.03), with statistically significant heterogeneity across traits (P = 0.0014). Despite larger rare variant effect sizes, we show that for most traits analyzed, rare variants (MAF <1%) explain less than 10% of total SNP-heritability. Using evolutionary modeling and forward simulations, we validated theαmodel of MAF-dependent trait effects and estimated the level of coupling between fitness effects and trait effects. Based on this analysis an average genome-wide negative selection coefficient on the order of 10−4or stronger is necessary to explain theαvalues that we inferred.
Population networks from DNA sequences: methodological developments
Authors: Schaeffer B. , Nicolas V. , Austerlitz F. , Larédo C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeveral classes of methods have been proposed for inferring the history of populations from genetic polymorphism data. As connectivity is a key factor to explain the structure of populations, several graph-based methods have been developed to this aim, using population genetics data. Here we propose an original method based on graphical models that uses DNA sequences to provide relationships between populations. We tested our method on various simulated data sets, describing typical demographic scenarios, for different parameters values. We found that our method behaved noticeably well for realistic demographic evolutionary processes and recovered suitably the migration processes. Our method provides thus a complementary tool for investigating population history based on genetic material.
Fish perform like mammals and birds in inhibitory motor control tasks
Authors: Lucon-Xiccato Tyrone , Gatto Elia , Bisazza Angelo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInhibitory control is an executive function that positively predicts performance in several cognitive tasks and has been considered typical of vertebrates with large and complex nervous systems such as primates. However, evidence is growing that some fish species have evolved complex cognitive abilities in spite of their relatively small brain size. We tested whether fish might also show enhanced inhibitory control by subjecting guppies,Poecilia reticulata, to the motor task used to test warm-blooded vertebrates. Guppies were trained to enter a horizontal opaque cylinder to reach a food reward; then, the cylinder was replaced by a transparent one, and subjects needed to inhibit the response to pass thought the transparency to reach the food. Guppies performed correctly in 58 % of trials, a performance fully comparable to that observed in most birds and mammals. In experiment 2, we tested guppies in a task with a different type of reward, a group of conspecifics. Guppies rapidly learned to detour a transparent barrier to reach the social reward with a performance close to that of experiment 1. Our study suggests that efficient inhibitory control is shown also by fish, and its variation between-species is only partially explained by variation in brain size.
Stochastic dispersal increases the rate of upstream spread: a case study with green crabs on the northwest Atlantic coast
Authors: Gharouni A. , Barbeau M.A. , Chassé J. , Wang L. , Watmough J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDispersal heterogeneity is an important process that can compensate for downstream advection, enabling aquatic organisms to persist or spread upstream. Our main focus was the effect of year-to-year variation in larval dispersal on invasion spread rate. We used the green crab,Carcinus maenas, as a case study. This species was first introduced over 200 years ago to the east coast of North America, and once established has maintained a relatively consistent spread rate against the dominant current. We used a stage-structured, integro-difference equation model that couples a demographic matrix for population growth and dispersal kernels for spread of individuals within a season. The kernel describing larval dispersal, the main dispersive stage, was mechanistically modeled to include both drift and settlement rate components. It was parameterized using a 3-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Gulf of St Lawrence, which enabled us to incorporate larval behavior, namely vertical swimming. Dispersal heterogeneity was modeled at two temporal scales: within the larval period (months) and over the adult lifespan (years). The kernel models variation within the larval period. To model the variation among years, we allowed the kernel parameters to vary by year. Results indicated that when dispersal parameters vary with time, knowledge of the time-averaged dispersal process is insufficient for determining the upstream spread rate of the population. Rather upstream spread is possible over a number of years when incorporating the yearly variation, even when there are only a few “good years” featured by some upstream dispersal among many “bad years” featured by only downstream dispersal. Accounting for annual variations in dispersal in population models is important to enhance understanding of spatial dynamics and population spread rates. Our developed model also provides a good platform to link the modeling of larval behavior and demography to large-scale hydrodynamic models.
MASCOT: Parameter and state inference under the marginal structured coalescent approximation
Authors: Müller Nicola F. , Rasmussen David A. , Stadler Tanja 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMotivationThe structured coalescent is widely applied to study demography within and migration between sub-populations from genetic sequence data. Current methods are either exact but too computationally inefficient to analyse large datasets with many states, or make strong approximations leading to severe biases in inference. We recently introduced an approximation based on weaker assumptions to the structured coalescent enabling the analysis of larger datasets with many different states. We showed that our approximation provides unbiased migration rate and population size estimates across a wide parameter range.ResultsWe here extend this approach by providing a new algorithm to calculate the probability of the state of internal nodes that includes the information from the full phylogenetic tree. We show that this algorithm is able to increase the probability attributed to the true node states. Furthermore we use improved integration techniques, such that our method is now able to analyse larger datasets, including a H3N2 dataset with 433 sequences sampled from 5 different locations.AvailabilityThe here presented methods are combined into the BEAST2 package MASCOT, the Marginal Approximation of the Structured COalescenT. This package can be downloaded via the BEAUti package manager. The source code is available athttps://github.com/nicfel/Mascot.git.
Motivating language and self-mentoring: a training program supporting the development of leaders in organizations
Authors: Holmes William T. , Carr Marsha 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to provide support for leader improvement, development, and learning as well as provide a twenty-first century training program that meets the needs of all organizations and employees within the context of motivating language (ML) and through the framework of a trending self-initiated training practice referred to as self-mentoring (SM).

Design/methodology/approach
The approach of this paper is to merge the robust and well-generalized ML model with the emergent SM model around a set of guided questions to create a framework for training.

Findings
The integrated findings of the ML and SM models create a process for training that supports a well-developed organizational system, as well as a system that is void of systematic elements for leader development.

Research limitations/implications
The implications call for expanded scholarship in the ML model and SM as tools for leadership and organizational development (OD).

Practical implications
Continued training in the ML model for leaders and application of SM as an institutional vehicle for training.

Originality/value
This is the first paper bringing ML and SM together.