bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABCA1 (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1) Mediates ApoA-I (Apolipoprotein A-I) and ApoA-I Mimetic Peptide Mobilization of Extracellular Cholesterol Microdomains Deposited by Macrophages
Authors: Jin Xueting , Sviridov Denis , Liu Ying , Vaisman Boris , Addadi Lia , Remaley Alan T. , Kruth Howard S. 
Published: October 2016

Objective—
We examined the function of ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) in ApoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) mobilization of cholesterol microdomains deposited into the extracellular matrix by cholesterol-enriched macrophages. We have also determined whether an ApoA-I mimetic peptide without and with complexing to sphingomyelin can mobilize macrophage-deposited cholesterol microdomains.

Approach and Results—

Extracellular cholesterol microdomains deposited by cholesterol-enriched macrophages were detected with a monoclonal antibody, 58B1. ApoA-I and an ApoA-I mimetic peptide 5A mobilized cholesterol microdomains deposited by ABCA1
+/+
macrophages but not by ABCA1
−/−
macrophages. In contrast, ApoA-I mimetic peptide 5A complexed with sphingomyelin could mobilize cholesterol microdomains deposited by ABCA1
−/−
macrophages.

Conclusions—
Our findings show that a unique pool of extracellular cholesterol microdomains deposited by macrophages can be mobilized by both ApoA-I and an ApoA-I mimetic peptide but that mobilization depends on macrophage ABCA1. It is known that ABCA1 complexes ApoA-I and ApoA-I mimetic peptide with phospholipid, a cholesterol-solubilizing agent, explaining the requirement for ABCA1 in extracellular cholesterol microdomain mobilization. Importantly, ApoA-I mimetic peptide already complexed with phospholipid can mobilize macrophage-deposited extracellular cholesterol microdomains even in the absence of ABCA1.
The Family and the Imperial City
Authors: Vandevoorde Lindsey 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA freedwoman, Vetilia Egloge, was married to a member of the city council of Mutina. Her son was, however, a freedman with a name identical to that of his mother’s husband, adecurio. This son was appointed asaugustalisandapollinaris. As is made clear in the first and second part of the paper, this means that the homonymous male characters mentioned in this inscription (ae2008, 535) were connected both on a local institutional and a familial level—asdecurioandaugustalis(andapollinaris) and as adoptive father and adoptive son respectively. The third part investigates how these familial and institutional connections may have interacted. The sociological concept of ‘transgenerational mobility’ provides a link between the family and the city. This inscription offers exceptional insight into the complexity of social situations, and shows how family strategies influence the workings of local institutions.
The Language of Freedom and Slavery in Tacitus’ Agricola
Authors: Damtoft Poulsen Aske 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTheAgricolahas long been a popular object of study for the connection that it makes between the British narrative of resistance against Roman domination and the Roman narrative of resistance against imperial domination. However, no agreement has been reached on the question of how exactly the two narratives ‘affect’ each other. Simultaneously, while it has often been remarked that Tacitus’ language is inherently metaphorical, there have been curiously few studies devoted to Tacitean metaphor. Based on the theory of conceptual metaphor promoted by George Lakoff, this article takes the metaphors of freedom and slavery that appear in theAgricolaas starting point for a re-evaluation of the connection between the two narratives. This novel approach to the text facilitates a deeper analysis of certain key passages of the text, and provides some much-needed nuance to the current scholarly debate.
Damsels in distress – seasons, habitat structure and water pollution changes damselfly diversity and assemblage in urban wetlands
Authors: Koparde Pankaj 
Published: October 2016

Odonates are considered to be good ecological indicators, hence, they are used in biological assessment of habitat quality. However, species responses may vary spatiotemporally and therefore, it is useful to establish species-habitat relationships at a regional level. To test if tropical urban odonates respond to seasons, and to explore species-habitat relationships with an emphasis on water pollution, I studied six wetlands in the city of Pune for a year. I also investigated whether combining data on dragonflies and damselflies, as is often done in many studies, skews the results. I recorded seasons, water pollution and habitat attributes as predictors of the odonate diversity and assemblage. I analyzed the data on dragonflies, damselflies and odonates (dragonfly-damselfly combined) separately for seasonal variation, and species-habitat relationships. I used multiple regression and canonical correspondence analyses. Forty-four species were recorded during the study. No seasonal variation was detected, except for damselflies, which showed an increase in the diversity and species number post-monsoon. Multiple regression analysis showed that damselfly and dragonfly diversity varied as a function of season and water pollution, and monsoon respectively. In pre-monsoon, damselfly diversity marginally increased with pollution. Both the analyses suggest that combining data on dragonflies and damselflies may skew the end results. Therefore, I recommend further intensive and long-term research using accurately sampled habitat and pollution attributes, as well as habitat restoration through conserving urban green spaces and promoting gardens with streams and ponds.
Multisensory Decisions: the Test of a Race Model, Its Logic, and Power
Authors: Otto Thomas U. , Mamassian Pascal 
Published: October 2016

The use of separate multisensory signals is often beneficial. A prominent example is the speed-up of responses to two redundant signals relative to the components, which is known as the redundant signals effect (RSE). A convenient explanation for the effect is statistical facilitation, which is inherent in the basic architecture of race models (Raab, 1962,Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci.24, 574–590). However, this class of models has been largely rejected in multisensory research, which we think results from an ambiguity in definitions and misinterpretations of the influential race model test (Miller, 1982,Cogn. Psychol.14, 247–279). To resolve these issues, we here discuss four main items. First, we clarify definitions and ask how successful models of perceptual decision making can be extended from uni- to multisensory decisions. Second, we review the race model test and emphasize elements leading to confusion with its interpretation. Third, we introduce a new approach to study the RSE. As a major change of direction, our working hypothesis is that the basic race model architecture is correct even if the race model test seems to suggest otherwise. Based on this approach, we argue that understanding the variability of responses is the key to understand the RSE. Finally, we highlight the critical role of model testability to advance research on multisensory decisions. Despite being largely rejected, it should be recognized that race models, as part of a broader class of parallel decision models, demonstrate, in fact, a convincing explanatory power in a range of experimental paradigms. To improve research consistency in the future, we conclude with a short checklist for RSE studies.
Defining the Influence of Horizontal Grid Spacing on Ensemble Uncertainty within a Regional Modeling Framework
Authors: Dyer Jamie , Zarzar Christopher , Amburn Philip , Dumais Robert , Raby John , Smith Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are limited with respect to initial and boundary condition data and possess an incomplete description of underlying physical processes. To account for this, modelers have adopted the method of ensemble prediction to quantify the uncertainty within a model framework; however, the generation of ensemble members requires considerably more computational time and/or resources than a single deterministic simulation, especially at convection-allowing horizontal grid spacings. One approach to solving this issue is the development of both a large and small horizontal grid spacing model framework over the same domain for ensemble and deterministic simulations, respectively. This approach assumes that model grid spacing has no influence on model uncertainty; therefore, the objective of this paper is to quantify the influence of horizontal grid spacing on the statistical spread of NWP model ensembles over a regional domain. A series of 24-h simulations using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) Model are generated over a static domain with horizontal grid spacings of 35, 25, 15, and 9 km, using both a stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme and a multiphysics ensemble approach. Results indicate that horizontal grid spacing does influence the magnitude of uncertainty within an ensemble, although the exact magnitude and type of statistical relationship (direct versus inverse) varies by case. As such, at shorter lead times (&lt;12 h) the dominant atmospheric process associated with each event and the type of ensemble being used outweigh the individual impacts of horizontal grid spacing on ensemble spread.
Climate Change, Desertification, and Societal Responses along the Mu Us Desert Margin during the Ming Dynasty
Authors: Cui Jianxin , Chang Hong , Cheng Kaiyue , Burr George S. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Historical records for the Mu Us Desert margin during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and corresponding high-resolution climate proxy records have prompted studies on societal responses to climatic changes in this region. The Mu Us Desert margin is highly sensitive to changes in desertification and biological productivity controlled in part by Asian monsoon variations. Here the existing historical temperature and precipitation records are examined to understand spatiotemporal climate variations and to identify potential mechanisms that have driven desertification in the region over the past 500 years. The focus here is on three severe desertification events that occurred in 1529–46, the 1570s, and 1601–50. The relationships among temperature, precipitation, and desertification indicate that a cold/drought-prone climate drives the desertification process. During the Ming dynasty, this region was one of nine important military districts, where the frontier wall (the Great Wall) and other fortifications were constructed. To maintain the defense system, military officers made a valiant effort to decrease the influence of desertification. However, the human-waged war against nature was largely futile, and local rebellions in the stricken region were spawned by the inability of the government to cope with the severe environmental stresses associated with rapid desertification.
The impact of adjusted work conditions and disease-modifying drugs on work ability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wickström Anne , Fagerström Maria , Wickström Lucas , Granåsen Gabriel , Dahle Charlotte , Vrethem Magnus , Sundström Peter 
Published: October 2016

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder that causes significantly reduced ability to work, and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is one of the main predictors for reduced work ability. Objectives: To investigate how work requirements, flexible work conditions and disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) influence the work ability in relation to different EDSS grades in two MS populations. Methods: Work ability was studied in two MS populations: one in the southern and one in the northern part of Sweden, both demographically similar. In the latter population, more active work-promoting interventions have been practised and second-generation DMDs have been widely used from the onset of disease for several years. Results: The proportion of MS patients who participated in the workforce or studied was significantly higher in the northern compared with the southern population ( p < 0.001). The employees in the northern population had significantly lower requirements, greater adapted work conditions and were able to work more hours per week. Higher EDSS was associated with lower reduction in number of worked hours per week in the northern population ( p = 0.042). Conclusion: Our data indicated that treatment strategy and adjusted work conditions have impact on work ability in MS.
Evaluation of a continuous quality improvement program in anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Cantin Ariane , Lahaie Alexandre , Odobasic Bojan , Tremblay Marie-Philip , Wazzan Dana , Caron Stéphanie , Leblanc Caroline , Martineau Josée , Lalonde Lyne 
Published: October 2016

Background: The ACO Program (Programme ACO), a continuous quality improvement program (CQIP) in anticoagulation therapy, was offered in community pharmacies as a pilot project. Objective: To evaluate the participants’ appreciation for the various activities of the program. Methods: Participants had access to training activities, including an audit with feedback, online training activities (OTA), clinical tools and support from facilitators. Cognitive behavioural learning determinants were evaluated before and 5 months after the beginning of the program. Participants’ satisfaction and perception were documented via online questionnaires and a semistructured interview. Results: Of the 52 pharmacists in the ACO Program, 47 participated in this evaluation. Seventy-seven percent of the participants completed at least 1 OTA and 6% published on the forum. The feeling of personal effectiveness rose from 8.01 (7.67-8.35) to 8.62 (8.24-8.99). The audit and feedback, as well as the high-quality OTA and their lecturers, were the most appreciated elements. Discussion: There was a high OTA participation rate. The facilitators seemed to play a key role in the CQIP. The low level of participation in the forum reflects the known phenomenon of social loafing. Technical difficulties affecting the platform and data collection for the audit with feedback constituted limitations. Conclusion: The CQIP in anticoagulation therapy is appreciated by community pharmacists and is associated with an improved feeling of personal effectiveness.
Total Ankle Replacement and Simultaneous Subtalar Arthrodesis
Authors: Usuelli Federico G. , Manzi Luigi , Maccario Camilla 
Published: October 2016

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Patients with arthritis or severe malfunctions involving both the ankle and the subtalar joints can benefit tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis or total ankle replacement and subtalar fusion. Actually, TTC fusion is considered as a salvage option resulting in a completely stiff ankle and hindfoot, considerably limiting global foot function. With the evolution of prosthetic design and surgical techniques, total ankle replacement (TAR) has become a reasonable alternative to arthrodesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the fusion rate of the subtalar joint in patients simultaneously treated with total ankle replacement (TAR) and subtalar joint fusion. Methods: This study includes 25 patients who underwent primary TAR and simultaneous subtalar fusion from May 2011 to November 2014. Sixteen males (64%) and 9 females (36%) were enroled with a mean age of 58 years (25-82). Patients were clinically assessed preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Radiographic examination included a postoperative CT scan obtained 12 months after surgery. Results: At 12 months postoperatively, the subtalar fusion rate in patients treated with TAR and simultaneous subtalar fusion was 92%. There was a statistically significant increase in American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle/hindfoot score from 27.9 to 75.1. Range of motion significantly increased from 12 to 32.8 degrees. In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in visual analog scale (VAS) pain score from 8.6 to 2.1. Conclusion: TAR and simultaneous subtalar joint fusion are reliable procedures for the treatment of ankle and subtalar joint arthritis. Furthermore, CT scans showed an excellent reliability among orthopaedic surgeons in determining the degree of successful fusion of subtalar arthrodesis.
Management of Hallux Valgus Deformity in Patients with Metatarsus Adductus
Authors: Aiyer Amiethab , Shariff Raheel , Tracey Joseph A. , Myerson Mark S. 
Published: October 2016

Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: Metatarsus adductus (MA) is a congenital condition in which there is persistent adduction of the metatarsals, which has been shown to increase the risk of recurrence of hallux valgus in patients undergoing surgery. The rate of recurrence varies with the magnitude of the adductus, perhaps correlating with the type of surgery performed, ie. the treatment of the adductus deformity and not just the hallux valgus. The goal of this study was to further analyze a cohort of patients with severe MA and identify clinical/surgical factors that are associated with a lower rate of recurrent deformity. Methods: An IRB approved retrospective review between 2002-2012 was completed. All patients undergoing hallux valgus surgery were identified. Patients were included if adequate radiographic information /clinical records were available and if the MAA was greater than 31° (normal values for the MA angle are < 20°). Clinical information collected included associated diagnoses, the presence of arthritis of the tarsometatarsal joints, the presence and degree of lesser toe valgus deformities and surgical procedures completed. Radiographic recurrence was defined as a postoperative HVA > 20° (at most recent follow up). Results: A total of 19 patients with severe MA/hallux valgus were identified. The average age of patients in this group was 55 years (51-60). Eight patients had associated tarsometatarsal arthritis and ten patients had severe valgus lesser toe deformities. Nine patients were treated with a modified Lapidus procedure and 10 patients underwent a distal first metatarsal osteotomy. Of the 9 patients who were treated with a modified Lapidus procedure, 5 patients underwent simultaneous realignment arthrodesis of the 2nd/3rd TMT joints for management of simultaneous midfoot arthritis. One of these patients had radiographic recurrence of deformity. Of the 7 patients who underwent a distal first metatarsal osteotomy without realignment arthrodesis of the 5 had recurrence of deformity. When evaluating patients for treatment of lesser toe deformity, 11 patients who were treated with simultaneous distal metatarsal realignment osteotomies, did not have recurrence of hallux valgus. Conclusion: Based on our findings, the use of a modified Lapidus arthrodesis led to a lower rate of HV deformity recurrence in comparison to isolated distal first metatarsal osteotomies but only when performed in conjunction with realignment arthrodesis of the 2nd/3rd TMT joints and distal lesser metatarsal osteotomies. If the patient does not have arthritis of the lesser TMT joints proximal metatarsal osteotomies are sufficient for correction. Treatment of lesser toe deformity with distal osteotomies was associated with lower recurrence of HV deformity and should be included as part of the treatment algorithm.
Does Flatfoot Deformity Develop After Transfer of Posterior Tibial Tendon for the Foot Drop Secondary to Peroneal Nerve Palsy?
Authors: Choi Seung-Myung , Cho Byung-ki , Kang Chan , Jeong Jae-Jung , Kim Jun-Beom 
Published: October 2016

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Posterior tibial tendon transfer is preferred by many colleagues for cases of drop foot caused by peroneal nerve palsy that are at least a year old with little chance of motor improvement. However, several studies have reported acquired flat foot deformity following tendon transfer, to best of our knowledge, no studies have been performed to assess whether posterior tibial tendon transfer influences occurrence of postoperative flat foot deformity quantitatively. Methods: With IRB approval, a retrospective review was performed. Twenty-four patients were followed for more than 2 years after anterior transfer of TP tendon by one surgeon for the foot drop by peroneal nerve palsy from 2008 to 2013. The mean age was 35.9 years, and the mean follow-up period was 50.5 months. There were 10 female and 14 male patients. The clinical evaluation consisted of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). The radiological evaluation consisted of the calcaenal pitch, Meary angle, heel alignment angle. As functional evaluation, isokinetic dynamometer muscle function analysis was performed. Results: The overall FAOS demonstrated a significant improvement from preoperative (55.6 on average) to postoperative measurement (89.2 on average) (P < .01), the ADL and sports subsection of FAAM demonstrated a improvement from preoperative to postoperative measurement (ADL: from 45.6 to 87.3; sports: from 32.8 to 81.5 on average, respectively; P < .01). Radiology revealed that there were no changes in the foot alignment from pre- to postoperative measurement. Postoperative isokinetic strength was significantly lower as compared contralateral normal side. Two patients sustained postoperative complications in the WTHG (16.7%). Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated that there was no evidence that loss of the normal function of the tibialis posterior lead change in foot alignment such as flat foot deformity. Transfer of posterior tibial tendon offers successful result for the foot drop secondary to peroneal nerve palsy in selected cohorts, altough long-term peroids follow up would be needed.
Assessment of Foot Alignment in Patients with Hallux Rigidus: the Role of Weightbearing CT scan
Authors: Vulcano Ettore , Tracey Joseph A. , Myerson Mark S. 
Published: October 2016

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: An association between hallux rigidus and metatarsus elevates has been reported in the literature. These findings were based on standard weightbearing radiographs, but have not found general consensus among foot and ankle surgeons. The aims of this study were to 1) assess foot alignment in patients affected by hallux rigidus using 3D reconstructions from a weighbearing CT scan and 2) assess intra and interobserver reliability of weightbearing CT scan imaging (pedCAT, Curvebeam, Warrington, USA). Methods: In this prospective consecutive study, 50 patients with hallux rigidus underwent a weightbearing CT scan. The control group consisted of 50 consecutive patients that underwent a weightbearing CT scan for other reasons (i.e. assessing ankle fusion union, subtalar fusion union, etc). The following angles were measured by 2 investigators: 1st metatarsal length, 2nd metatarsal length, declination of the 1st and 2nd metatarsal, 1st-2nd intermetatarsal angle, hallux valgus angle, and foot width. Each investigator measured each foot twice, 1 month apart. The mean of the values was used for statistical analysis. Results: Intra and interobserver reliability was excellent. There was a statistically significant difference between the declination ratio (1st to 2nd metatarsal) in the hallux rigidus group (0.81) compared to the control group (0.92). Hallux valgus angle was also significantly lower in the hallux rigidus group (12 degrees) compared to the control group (15 degrees). Finally, patients with stages 1 and 2 according to Coughlin & Shurnas classification has significantly higher declination ratios compared to stages 3 and 4. Conclusion: Patients with hallux rigidus demonstrated a lower declination of the first-to-second metatarsal, indicating metatarsus elevatus. While it was not possible to determine whether the elevatus caused or was a result of hallux rigidus, it appears that metatarsus elevatus correlates with the severity of the arthritis. The smaller hallux valgus angle in the hallux rigidus population indicates that true hallux rigidus in association with a true bunion is unlikely. Finally, weightbearing CT imaging proved to be a reliable method of assessing foot alignment.