bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEMISAHAN DAN IDENTIFIKASI EKSTRAK KASAR SESKUITERPEN DAUN BUNGA MATAHARI (Helianyhus annuus L.) DENGAN KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS
Authors: Muti'ah Roihatul , Hayati Elok Kamilah , Triastutik Yani 
Published: November 2015

<p>The purpose of this research wasto separate and identify the leaf crude extracts esquiterpene of Sun flower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em> L.) using thin layer chromatography.<strong></strong></p><p>Sun flower leaf maceration method performed with the solvent methanol. Then performed liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and n-hexane solvent. Ethyl acetate extract fraction and n-hexane extract fraction furth erphyto chemical test. After being test edphyto chemical with reagents, both extracts was followed by sesquiterpene content identification using thin layer chromatography (TLC) analytic.<strong></strong></p>Phytochemical test result from ethyl acetate extract fraction was positive terpenoid, sesquiterpene and triterpene, while n-hexane extractfraction positive terpenoid, sesquiterpene andsteroid. All egedsesquiterpene with eluentdichloromethane: ethyl acetate (4,8:0,2) is shown with apurplestain. In the ethyl acetate extract fraction all egedsesquiterpene having Rf values of 0.89; 0.94, and 0.96. While n-hexane extract fraction, the resulting eluental legedsesquiterpene Rf 0.49; 0.8,and 0.99.
FERMENTASI TETES TEBU DARI PABRIK GULA PAGOTAN MADIUN MENGGUNAKAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae UNTUK MENGHASILKAN BIOETANOL DENGAN VARIASI pH DAN LAMA FERMENTASI
Authors: Hartina Fitri , Jannah Akyunul , Maunatin Anik 
Published: November 2015

Tetes tebu merupakan limbah pengolahan gula yang mengandung gula cukup tinggi sehingga sangat potensial dimanfaatkan sebagai media fermentasi. Fermentasi tetes tebu untuk menghasilkan bioetanol menjadi salah satu upaya megurangi jumlah limbah dan memenuhi kebutuhan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) yang semakin meningkat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pH dan lama fermentasi terhadap produksi bioetanol dari tetes tebu (molase) dengan cara fermentasi menggunakan <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae. </em>Penelitian ini meliputi proses fermentasi dan pemisahan bioetanol dari media fermentasi. Proses fermentasi dilakukan dengan variasi pH 4, 4,5, dan 5, sedangkan variasi lama fermentasi dilakukan selama 3, 4, 5, dan 6 hari. Bioetanol hasil fermentasi dipisahkan dari media fermentasi dengan metode destilasi fraksinasi dan untuk mengukur kadar bioetanol digunakan metode kromatografi gas. Data yang diperoleh pada setiap perlakuan dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) 5 %. <em> </em>Kadar bioetanol tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 7,76 %, nilai <em>yield</em> tertinggi 89,89 %, dan nilai efisiensi 78,62 %. Hasil analisis menggunakan uji ANOVA (α=5 %) menunjukkan bahwa pH dan lama fermentasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar bioetanol hasil fermentasi. Uji BNT menyatakan bahwa perlakuan A<sub>3</sub>T<sub>4</sub> (pH 5 dan lama fermentasi 6 hari) dengan kadar bioetanol 7,76 % , nilai efisiensi 78,62 %, dan kadar gula sisa 5,52 % merupakan perlakuan yang berbeda nyata.
SINTESIS SENYAWA 4-HIDROKSI-3-METOKSI-5-(FENILDIAZENIL) BENZALDEHIDA DAN UJI AKTIFITAS ANTIOKSIDANNYA TERHADAP DPPH
Authors: Fasya Ahmad Ghanaim , Hanapi Ahmad , Ningseh Riza Ayu Putri 
Published: November 2015

<p class="Abstrakalchemy2">Beberapa bahan alam seperti vanilin, sinamaldehida dan eugenol sangat berpotensi sebagai bahan dasar sintesis senyawa dengan sistem terkonjugasi panjang yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antioksidan, bahan aktif tabir surya dan indikator titrasi asam-basa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil sintesis senyawa 4-hidroksi-3-metoksi-5-(fenildiazenil) serta mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari senyawa 4-hidroksi-3-metoksi-5-(fenildiazenil) benzaldehida terhadap DPPH. Sintesis senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan pembuatan garam benzenadiazonium klorida. Garam benzenadiazonium selanjutnya direaksikan dengan vanilin pada suhu 0-5 °C. Senyawa hasil sintesis diuji kemurniannya dengan mengukur titik lelehnya. Uji aktivitas antioksidan terhadap DPPH dengan variasi konsentrasi (K) yaitu: 25, 50, 100, 200, dan 500 ppm. Reaksi kopling diazo antara senyawa vanilin dengan ion benzenadiazonium menghasilkan senyawa 4-hidroksi-3-metoksi-5-(fenildiazenil)benzaldehida yang masih belum murni. Senyawa produk sintesis berupa padatan berwarna coklat kehitaman dengan rendemen 88,54% dan titik lebur 100°C. Senyawa hasil sintesis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Aktivitas antioksidan senyawa hasil sintesis masih tergolong sangat lemah karena masih berupa campuran dan masih memerlukan proses optimalisasi dan pemisahan.</p>
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI ZEOLIT Y DARI ABU AMPAS TEBU VARIASI RASIO MOLAR SiO2/Al2O3 DENGAN METODE SOL GEL HIDROTERMAL
Authors: Zahro Alifatuz , Amalia Suci , Adi Tri Kustono , Aini Nur 
Published: November 2015

<p>Abu ampas tebu mengandung kadar silika (SiO<sub>2</sub>) yang tinggi. Silika yang tinggi dapat digunakan sebagai komponen utama sintesis zeolit selain alumina, salah satunya adalah zeolit Y. Zeolit Y merupakan zeolit sintetik jenis faujasit yang kaya akan silika dengan rentang rasio molar SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 1,5-3 dengan bentuk struktur SBU D6R. Zeolit Y dalam skala laboratorium maupun industri banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai padatan pendukung katalis untuk reaksi hidrorengkah fraksi berat minyak bumi, bahan adsorben, maupun ion exchange (pertukaran ion). Oleh karena itu, sintesis zeolit Y perlu untuk disintesis.</p><p>Tahap sintesis metode sol gel meliputi tahap pencampuran bahan sesuai rasio molar SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 2, 2,5 dan 3 dengan komposisi molar 15SiO<sub>2</sub> : 1,0Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> : 10Na<sub>2</sub>O : 300H<sub>2</sub>O, distirer selama 30 menit dan dieramkan selama 30 menit, dilanjutkan dengan hidrotermal pada suhu 100 ºC selama 24 jam dan tahap yang terakhir adalah pengeringan zeolit Y pada suhu 100 ºC selama 12 jam. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRF, XRD, FTIR, dan uji luas permukaan dengan metode adsorpsi methylene blue.</p>Analisis XRF menunjukkan bahwa silika abu ampas tebu sebesar 44,6 %. Analisis XRD menunjukkan hasil sintesis menghasilkan campuran zeolit Y dan P, kristalinitas zeolit Y rasio SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>3 &gt; rasio SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 2,5 &gt; rasio SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>2. Analisis pendukung dengan FTIR menunjukkan puncak-puncak yang muncul pada ketiga rasio zeolit Y merupakan gugus fungsi terbentuknya kerangka zeolit Y. Luas permukaan zeolit Y dengan adsorpsi methylene blue rasio SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 2, 2,5 dan 3 berturut-turut adalah sebagai berikut 15,0914 m<sup>2</sup>/gram, 15,0805 m<sup>2</sup>/gram, dan 15,1747 m<sup>2</sup>/gram.
KARAKTERISASI KARBON AKTIF TERAKTIVASI NaCl DARI AMPAS TAHU
Authors: Hartini, Eny Yulianti, Rif’atul Mahmudah Lilik , Yulianti Eny , Mahmudah Rif'atul 
Published: November 2015

<p>Ampas tahu merupakan residu proses pembuatan tahu. Ampas tahu yang dihasilkan dalam proses pembuatan tahu cukup melimpah. Pemanfaatan ampas tahu selama ini dapat digunakan sebagai pakan ternak dan tempe gembos. Alternatif lain untuk memanfaatkan ampas tahu adalah dengan menjadikannya sebagai bahan dasar dalam pembuatan karbon aktif karena kandungan serat ampas tahu berkisar 50 %. Proses pembuatan karbon aktif dalam penelitian ini melalui 4 tahapan yaitu proses pengeringan ampas tahu selama 7 hari di bawah terik matahari, proses aktivasi kimia menggunakan aktivator larutan NaCl dengan variasi konsentrasi 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25 %, proses karbonisasi ampas tahu teraktivasi NaCl pada suhu 500 dan pencucian karbon aktif dari ampas tahu dengan menggunakan HCl 1 M. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi aktivator terhadap luas permukaan karbon aktif dari ampas tahu menggunakan metode adsorpsi methylene blue dan dilanjutkan uji ANOVA one way dan uji LSD (<em>Least Significance Different</em>) dengan taraf uji 1 %. Hasil karbon aktif yang mempunyai luas permukaan terbaik pada adsorpsi methylene blue dan berbeda nyata dari hasil uji LSD dilakukan analisis morfologi dan analisis komposisi unsur-unsur yang terkandung pada permukaan dengan menggunakan SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi konsentrasi NaCl sebagai aktivator berpengaruh terhadap luas permukaan karbon aktif. Luas permukaan terbaik dihasilkan saat diaktivasi dengan aktivator larutan NaCl 10 % adalah 18,9358 . Analisis SEM menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif teraktivasi NaCl 10 % pori-pori yang terbentuk lebih banyak dan membentuk rongga-rongga pori-pori dengan kedalaman yang lebih besar bila dibandingkan dengan karbon aktif teraktivasi NaCl 0 %. Hasil analisis EDX menunjukkan bahwa komposisi unsur yang berada pada permukaan karbon aktif teraktivasi NaCl 10 % meliputi unsur C 88,90 %, unsur O 10,08 %, unsur Al 0,36 %, unsur Mg 0,16 % dan unsur Ca 0,50 % sedangkan komposisi unsur yang berada pada permukaan karbon aktif teraktivasi NaCl 0 % meliputi unsur C 87,38 %, unsur O 10,31 %, unsur Mg 0,77 % dan unsur Ca 1,54 %.</p>
Periodontal Conditions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Patients Under Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy From a Metropolitan Area of Rio De Janeiro
Authors: Diniz Barreto Luis Paulo , Melo dos Santos Marcela , Gomes Bruno da Silva , Lamas Cristiane da Cruz , Silva Denise Gomes da , Silva‐Boghossian Carina Maciel , Soares Léo Guimarães , Vieira Falabella Marcio Eduardo 
Published: November 2015

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the periodontal status and the presence of opportunistic oral lesions in human immunodeficiency virus–positive (HIV+) patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and their association with cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ and CD4+ nadir T‐cell counts and viral load levels.Methods: Clinical periodontal parameters and the presence of opportunistic oral lesions along with records of CD4+ counts and viral load levels were evaluated in 29 individuals (16 females; mean age: 42.7 years) with previous serologic diagnosis of HIV, from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome program of the Health Center of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Results: All individuals presented gingivitis or periodontitis. A higher non‐significant prevalence of periodontitis was found in smokers (93.8%) compared with non‐smokers (76.9%). A significant weak positive correlation was observed between CD4+ counts and missing teeth (ρ = 0.380, P <0.05), CD4+ nadir and periodontal diagnosis (ρ = 0.418, P <0.005), and CD4+ nadir and moderate probing depth (PD) (ρ = 0.424, P <0.05). When only non‐smokers were analyzed, a significant moderate positive association was found between viral load and moderate clinical attachment level (CAL) (ρ = 0.638, P <0.05), CD4+ nadir and diagnosis (ρ = 0.586, P <0.05), and CD4+ nadir and moderate CAL (ρ = 0.680, P <0.05). Analysis considering only smokers found no correlations between serologic parameters and demographic or clinical parameters.Conclusions: The current investigation demonstrates that HIV+ individuals under HAART presents a high prevalence of mild to moderate periodontal disease. Viral load levels, CD4+ nadir, and CD4+ counts may present a weak to moderate correlation to the number of missing teeth, periodontal diagnosis, moderate PD, and moderate CAL, which may also reflect some effect of these systemic conditions on the periodontal status.
Effect of Surgical Intervention for Removal of Mandibular Third Molar on Periodontal Healing of Adjacent Mandibular Second Molar: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Barbato Luigi , Kalemaj Zamira , Buti Jacopo , Baccini Michela , La Marca Michele , Duvina Marco , Tonelli Paolo 
Published: November 2015

Background: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate and synthesize scientific evidence on the effect of surgical interventions for removal of mandibular third molar (M3M) on periodontal healing of adjacent mandibular second molar (M2M).Methods: The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) as CRD42012003059. Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were interrogated to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to December 22, 2014. Patients with M3Ms fully developed, unilaterally or bilaterally impacted, were considered. Outcomes were clinical attachment level gain (CALg) and probing depth reduction (PDr) with a follow‐up ≥6 months. Patient‐subjective outcomes, such as pain, discomfort, and complications, and financial aspects and chair time, were also explored. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis model was used to estimate direct and indirect effects and to establish a ranking of treatments.Results: Sixteen RCTs were included and categorized into four groups investigating the following: 1) regenerative/grafting procedures (10 RCTs); 2) flap design (three RCTs); 3) type of suturing (one RCT); and 4) periodontal care of M2M (two RCTs). Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with resorbable (GTRr) and non‐resorbable (GTRnr) membrane and GTRr with anorganic xenograft (GTRr + AX) showed the highest mean ranking for CALg (2.99, 90% credible interval [CrI] = 1 to 5; 2.80, 90% CrI = 1 to 6; and 2.29, 90% CrI = 1 to 6, respectively) and PDr (2.83, 90% CrI = 1 to 5; 2.52, 90% CrI = 1 to 5; and 2.77, 90% CrI = 1 to 6, respectively). GTRr + AX showed the highest probability (Pr) of being the best treatment for CALg (Pr = 45%) and PDr (Pr = 32%). Direct and network quality of evidence were rated from very low to moderate.Conclusions: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present review is the first one to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the effect of different interventions on periodontal healing distal to the second molar after extraction of the third molar. GTR‐based procedures with or without combined grafting therapies provide some adjunctive clinical benefit compared to standard non‐regenerative/non‐grafting procedures. However, the overall low quality of evidence suggests a low degree of confidence and certainty in treatment effects. Evidence on variations of surgical M3M removal techniques based on flap design, type of suturing, and periodontal care of M2M is limited both qualitatively and quantitatively.
CALCULATION AND EVALUATION OF ERRORS FOR IDENTIFICATION PARAMETERS USING METHOD OF CONTRAST COUNTORING OF IATROGENIC INTERVENTIONS ON DIGITAL PANORAMIC X-RAYS
Authors: Kostenko Ye. Ya. , Klevno R. V. , Goncharuk-Khomyn M. Yu. 
Published: November 2015

The article represents the results of experimental calculations of error ratio of vector models of digital panoramic X-rays photos using method of contrast trace contour for dental interventions during person identification. The calculations were performed on 112 patients’ panoramic X-ray photos in digital scale ratios of 1:1, 1:1,25, 1:1,32 with calculation levels of relative and absolute errors. Theoretically proved the effectiveness of the method of contrast trace contour in the three experimental groups by mathematically calculating the deviation of mean quadratic values of the coordinates of each test contour.
FORENSIC DIAGNOSIS IN EXPERT PRACTICE
Authors: Klevno V. A. , Kuchuk C. A. , Lysenko O. V. 
Published: November 2015

The article is devoted to forensic medical diagnosis in expert practice. Experience mapping clinical and forensic diagnoses accumulated in the Bureau of forensic medical examination of the Moscow region, allows authors to give their own definition of forensic medical diagnosis as an independent definition, its role and place in the expert and forensic-medical examination of the corpse.
DEATH FROM BEE’S VENOM POISONING AS A RESULT OF MULTIPLY BEE’S STING WITH PRESENCE OF SEVERE CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA
Authors: Karlin I. M. , Karlina O. V. 
Published: November 2015

This article deals with forensic evaluation of lethal case as a result of multiple bees’ stings. Presence of severe craniocerebral trauma with skull’s fracture and cerebral contusion, which duration was about 3–4 days, don’t lead to deadly complications and was evaluated as concomitant disease.
Polypropylene woven fabric: A good mulch material for young rubber plants
Authors: George Sherin , Idicula Sabu P. , Joseph Kochutresiamma 
Published: November 2015

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>In young rubber plantations, dry leaf, coco tree mat, polypropylene woven fabric and coir pith were evaluated as agricultural mulch materials for their influence on soil moisture conservation, weed control, soil temperature and microflora, plant growth and durability in two field experiments. The experiments were conducted in a drought susceptible clone (RRII 105) and a comparatively drought tolerant clone (RRII 430) at Chimoni Estate, Thrissur district, a drought-prone area in Kerala. The effects of different treatments were similar in both the experiments irrespective of clones. Though dry leaf and coir pith were effective in soil moisture conservation, they remained in the field for one season only and failed to control weeds during rainy season. Coco tree mat conserved moisture and also smothered weeds in plant basins. However, it remained in the field for almost one year only before it was completely decomposed. Polypropylene woven fabric improved soil moisture retention, as well as suppressed weed growth and was found durable. Though mulching reduced the adverse effects of summer, significant impact on soil microflora and plant growth was not manifested. Polypropylene woven fabric appears to be a good alternative mulch material for <em>Hevea.</em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
Impact of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure on Physical Therapy Utilization for Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Secondary Analysis of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Data
Authors: Dolot Janet , Viola Deborah , Shi Qiuhu , Hyland Matthew 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundPhysical therapy decreases low back pain, improves function, and may lead to decreased use of medical services. However, factors predicting physical therapy utilization for patients with low back pain are not well understood.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify the impact of out-of-pocket expenditure on physical therapy utilization for US adults with nonspecific low back pain.DesignThis study was a secondary analysis of retrospective Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data.MethodsThe participants were US adults with nonspecific low back pain. The outcome variable was the number of visits per episode of care. The research variable was out-of-pocket expenditure. Covariate variables were Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) component scores. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses were performed.ResultsThree hundred fourteen adults met the inclusion criteria and submitted SF-12 scores, representing nearly 4 million adults. Out-of-pocket expenditure, physical component score, and the age-insurance category “18–64 years with public coverage only for all of the year or uninsured all of the year” negatively predicted visits per episode of care in the final regression model.LimitationsLimitations of the study included use of a nonexperimental design, lack of information about symptom severity and content of physical therapy, and SF-12 scores were not taken coincidental with the episode of care.ConclusionsOut-of-pocket expenditure negatively predicts physical therapy utilization. More research is needed to identify all factors influencing physical therapy utilization so that effective health policies may be developed.
Chronicling Quicksilver's Anthropogenic Cycle
Authors: Egan Michael 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The advent of the October 2013 Minimata Convention serves as an opportune moment to consider the long and complex historical relationship between humans and mercury. The Minamata Convention constitutes a binding agreement designed to reduce risks associated with mercury pollution and eliminate mercury's global trade. Nevertheless, mercury's environmental hazards persist, thanks to the element's biogeochemical cycle, which moves mercury through the environment. This paper offers a biographical sketch of mercury's place in human history, while stressing the historical importance of the motility of chemical hazards, noting that anthropogenic forces have irreversibly transformed mercury's 'natural' processes.
From Poison to Carcinogen: Towards a Global History of Concerns about Benzene
Authors: Sellers Christopher 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Benzene's history resembles that of many another substance discovered, industrially exploited, and then increasingly regulated across the world over the last two centuries of the chemical industry's development. This paper connects the evolving patterns of its production, use, and oversight through the twentieth century to a certain transformation in the understanding of its effects on human health. Early on, when only some of benzene's health effects were known, it came to be regulated as a 'poison'. But then benzene emerged as one of a handful of widely used substances known to cause cancer in the second half of the twentieth century. During this period standards for proving carcinogenicity were undergoing change and being debated within the international community. At the same time, support strengthened for a more restrictive and precautionary approach to benzene, at least in many parts of the world. It became the first chemically defined hazard in the post-WWII period to receive its own 'convention', or recommendation for national legislation, from the International Labor Organization (ILO) in 1971. The changing concerns about benzene's effects on the human body in four locations - Europe, the United States, China, and Mexico - suggest some implications for a more genuinely transnational and global history of worries about environmental chemicals. Similarly, this article demonstrates that global environmental historians need to pay more attention to health and medical history; that the 'global' passage from poison to carcinogen has only been partial; and that this narrative has faltered especially in developing or partly developed parts of the world.
Hot Air: The Science and Politics of CO
2
Authors: Soentgen Jens 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

CO
2
is not a simple, immediately graspable substance like water, salt, or mercury. It has to be conceptually and instrumentally constructed since, as an air-like GE 241 substance, CO
2
is almost invisible, almost odorless and quickly diffuses into the surrounding air; and it is only through special instrumental apparatus (such as a pneumatic trough) or in hermetically sealed locations that it can be(come) sufficiently concentrated for it to be recognizable as a unique individual substance. This constructive work was carried out between the seventeenth and early nineteenth centuries. The older belief in the special status of 'spirits' was displaced by the concept of gas - but only in laboratories. In public communication, 'gases' continue to be emotionally charged substances that are in no way normal. Further investigation of the history of CO
2
shows that the substance has been increasingly politicized and moralized since around the 1980s in the context of the climate change debate. Chemical CO
2
is being reconstrued as a 'pollutant' that threatens the earth and future generations.