bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring situational awareness in emergency medicine: developing a shared mental model to enhance training and assessment
Authors: Lowe David J , Ireland Alastair J , Ross Al , Ker Jean 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNon-technical skills (NTS) are gaining increasing prominence within the field of emergency medicine. Situational awareness (SA), one key component of NTS, is a key skill for emergency physicians (EPs) during initial training and throughout their career. Furthermore, the majority of frameworks used to evaluate clinical performance incorporate SA as one key component. This review seeks to define and explore the concept of SA within the context of emergency medicine. We describe SA at an individual, team and departmental level. Development of this ability enables EPs to function effectively within the challenging environment of the emergency department (ED). Enhancing our understanding of SA may develop the cognitive process that underpins our clinical performance. We propose a model for consideration to support evaluation and training of SA within the ED, linking the model to the novice expert continuum.
Constraints on synrift intrabasinal horst development from alluvial fan and aeolian deposits (Triassic, Fundy Basin, Nova Scotia)
Authors: Leleu Sophie , Hartley Adrian J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The Triassic Fundy rift basin in Nova Scotia is a large (>70 km wide) half-graben filled with alluvial, lacustrine and aeolian deposits. A major lithospheric lineament, the Cobequid–Chedabucto Fault Zone (CCFZ), which forms the tip of the Newfoundland–Gibraltar Fault Zone, occurs within the Fundy Basin. The timing of early movement on this important fault zone is poorly constrained. We present data from the alluvial and aeolian units that crop out adjacent to the CCFZ in the Minas sub-basin to determine the initiation of fault movement. We use the onset of alluvial fan deposition to infer when the fault became sufficiently active to create the intrabasinal topography and document the influence of fault activity on the intrabasinal drainage. The occurrence and preservation of aeolian deposits immediately adjacent to the CCFZ and concomitant with alluvial fan development suggests a wind shadow effect associated with the fault-generated topography. The onset of alluvial fan deposition associated directly with the fault occurred during Norian times, following an earlier phase of sedimentation in the Fundy Basin, and records a potentially important phase of plate reorganization during early Atlantic rifting.
Differences in out-of-pocket costs of healthcare in the last year of life of older people in 13 European countries
Authors: Penders Yolanda WH , Rietjens Judith , Albers Gwenda , Croezen Simone , Van den Block Lieve 
Published: April 2016

Background: Research on the costs of healthcare provision has so far focused on insurer costs rather than out-of-pocket costs. Out-of-pocket costs may be important to patients making medical decisions. Aim: To investigate the self-reported out-of-pocket costs associated with healthcare in the last year of life of older adults in Europe. Design: A post-death survey, part of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe, completed by proxy respondents in four waves from 2005 to 2012. Setting/participants: Proxy respondents for 2501 deceased adults of 55 years or over. Data from 13 European countries and four waves from 2005 to 2012 were used. Results: The proportion of people with out-of-pocket costs ranged from 21% to 96% in different European Union countries. Out-of-pocket costs ranged from 2% to 25% of median household income. Secondary and institutional care was most often the largest contributor to out-of-pocket costs, with care received in a care home being the most expensive type of care in 11 of 13 countries. Multilevel analyses showed that limitations in more than two activities of daily living (coefficient = 6.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.81–11.14) and a total hospitalization time of 3–6 months (coefficient = 14.66; 95% confidence interval = 0.97–28.35) or more than 6 months (coefficient = 31.01; 95% confidence interval = 11.98–50.15) were associated with higher out-of-pocket costs. In total, 24% of the variance on a country level remained unexplained. Conclusion: Variation in out-of-pocket costs for healthcare in the last year of life between European countries indicates that countries face different challenges in making healthcare in the last year of life affordable for all.
How does uncertainty shape patient experience in advanced illness? A secondary analysis of qualitative data
Authors: Etkind Simon Noah , Bristowe Katherine , Bailey Katharine , Selman Lucy Ellen , Murtagh Fliss EM 
Published: April 2016

Background: Uncertainty is common in advanced illness but is infrequently studied in this context. If poorly addressed, uncertainty can lead to adverse patient outcomes. Aim: We aimed to understand patient experiences of uncertainty in advanced illness and develop a typology of patients’ responses and preferences to inform practice. Design: Secondary analysis of qualitative interview transcripts. Studies were assessed for inclusion and interviews were sampled using maximum-variation sampling. Analysis used a thematic approach with 10% of coding cross-checked to enhance reliability. Setting/participants: Qualitative interviews from six studies including patients with heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal disease, cancer and liver failure. Results: A total of 30 transcripts were analysed. Median age was 75 (range, 43–95), 12 patients were women. The impact of uncertainty was frequently discussed: the main related themes were engagement with illness, information needs, patient priorities and the period of time that patients mainly focused their attention on (temporal focus). A typology of patient responses to uncertainty was developed from these themes. Conclusion: Uncertainty influences patient experience in advanced illness through affecting patients’ information needs, preferences and future priorities for care. Our typology aids understanding of how patients with advanced illness respond to uncertainty. Assessment of these three factors may be a useful starting point to guide clinical assessment and shared decision making.
The impact of an in-class sensory activity schedule on task performance of children with autism and intellectual disability: A pilot study
Authors: Mills Caroline , Chapparo Christine , Hinitt Joanne 
Published: April 2016

Introduction There is limited evidence to support use of sensory interventions by teachers in the classroom. The purpose of this pilot study is to determine the effectiveness of sensory activity schedule intervention in supporting participation and increasing classroom task performance in students with autism. Method A non-concurrent, AB single system research design across multiple baselines was used with four students with autism who attended an autism-specific school. Students demonstrated atypical sensory processing, which negatively affected their school performance. Repeated baseline and intervention data were collected by school staff using video recording during classroom tasks. Tasks performed were designated by the child’s teacher. Stage one of the Perceive, Recall, Plan, Perform System of Task Analysis was used as a repeated measure of student performance. Ratings were carried out by independent raters who were blinded to the condition of performance. Results Results revealed three out of four students achieved significant improvements in classroom task performance following the use of sensory activity schedule intervention developed in consultation with an occupational therapist as measured by the task analysis. Conclusion This study provides emerging evidence for the use of sensory activity schedule intervention in the classroom for students with autism.
Psychiatry training experiences: a narrative synthesis
Authors: Karageorge Aspasia , Llewellyn Anthony , Nash Louise , Maddocks Claire , Kaldelis Dimitra , Sandhu Harsimrat , Edwards James , Kelly Brian 
Published: April 2016

Objective: In Australia and internationally, psychiatry has struggled to fill training places to keep up with demand for service. The objective of this study was to review the components of psychiatry terms and placements that determine a positive experience and potentially influence interest in vocational training in psychiatry. Method: A literature review and narrative synthesis was undertaken on 20 papers identified as meeting inclusion criteria. Results: The top themes contributing to positive experiences during the psychiatry term were: receiving high quality supervision; supported autonomy; and witnessing patient recovery. There was a paucity of Australian literature preventing investigation of the Australian context alone. Conclusions: There is a need to better understand how the junior doctor and medical student psychiatry experience influences perceptions of psychiatry and intention to specialise, especially in the Australian context.
The use of telehealth services to facilitate audiological management for children: A scoping review and content analysis
Authors: Govender SM , Mars M 
Published: April 2016

Approximately 32 million children globally present with disabling hearing loss. Despite evidence describing the negative consequences of hearing loss, there is still a lack of hearing screening programmes in South Africa. Audiologists have been exploring the use of information and communication technologies (tele-audiology) to provide services to children and it is currently being evaluated to determine its feasibility. Aims We aim to describe tele-audiology services conducted to facilitate audiological management for children in both the rural and urban context and to determine the strengths, challenges and clinical implications of such services. Methods A scoping review was conducted by searching for peer-reviewed publications from five databases. Inclusion criteria and search strategies were outlined. Results Of the 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria, reliability of automated testing was comparable to conventional testing; however, these studies were based primarily on screening programmes. Eight (35%) of the 23 papers were concordance studies evaluating feasibility and validity of tele-audiology systems when compared with conventional testing, while one study (4%) evaluated a tele-audiology service. A further four studies (17%) evaluated the feasibility of introducing telehealth methods to evaluate middle ear pathology. Tele-auditory brainstem response was investigated in three studies (13%) and another five (22%) used smartphone and/or iPad technology to screen hearing. Only two studies (9%) evaluated the feasibility of providing intervention through telehealth methods. All included studies demonstrated improved access to and coverage of rural areas. Services such as video otoscopy and synchronous (online) hearing testing in remote areas were successfully implemented. Challenges included lack of diagnostic studies, inadequate training of staff and the need to standardize protocols and procedures in order to ensure that tele-audiology services are provided in a standardized and valid manner. Conclusion Tele-audiology services are feasible and can be useful in identifying auditory pathology for children in rural and remote areas.
A cell-permeant peptide corresponding to the cUBP domain of USP5 reverses inflammatory and neuropathic pain
Authors: Garcia-Caballero Agustin , Gadotti Vinicius M , Chen Lina , Zamponi Gerald W 
Published: April 2016

Background Cav3.2 T-type calcium currents in primary afferents are enhanced in various painful pathological conditions, whereas inhibiting Cav3.2 activity or expression offers a strategy for combating the development of pain hypersensitivity. We have shown that Cav3.2 channel surface density is strongly regulated by the ubiquitination machinery and we identified the deubiquitinase USP5 as a Cav3.2 channel interacting protein and regulator of its cell surface expression. We also reported that USP5 is upregulated in chronic pain conditions. Conversely, preventing its binding to the channel in vivo mediates analgesia in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Results To identify which USP5 domain is responsible for the interaction, we used a series of USP5-derived peptides corresponding to different regions in nUBP, cUBP, UBA1, and UBA2 domains to outcompete full length USP5. We identified a stretch of amino acid residues within the cUBP domain of USP5 as responsible for binding to Cav3.2 calcium channels. Based on this information, we generated a TAT-cUBP1-USP5 peptide that could disrupt the Cav3.2/USP5 interaction in vitro and tested its physiological effect in well-established models of persistent inflammatory pain (CFA test) and chronic mononeuropathy and polyneuropathy in mice (partial sciatic nerve injury and the ( ob/ob) diabetic spontaneous neuropathic mice). Our results reveal that the TAT-cUBP1-USP5 peptide attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia induced by both Complete Freund’s Adjuvant and partial sciatic nerve injury, and thermal hyperalgesia in diabetic neuropathic animals. In contrast, Cav3.2 null mice were not affected by the peptide in the partial sciatic nerve injury model. Cav3.2 calcium channel levels in diabetic mice were reduced following the administration of the TAT-cUBP1-USP5 peptide. Conclusions Our findings reveal a crucial region in the cUBP domain of USP5 that is important for substrate recognition and binding to the III-IV linker of Cav3.2 channels. Targeting the interaction of this region with the Cav3.2 channel can be exploited as the basis for therapeutic intervention into inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
Neuronal cell lines as model dorsal root ganglion neurons
Authors: Yin Kathleen , Baillie Gregory J , Vetter Irina 
Published: April 2016

Background Dorsal root ganglion neuron-derived immortal cell lines including ND7/23 and F-11 cells have been used extensively as in vitro model systems of native peripheral sensory neurons. However, while it is clear that some sensory neuron-specific receptors and ion channels are present in these cell lines, a systematic comparison of the molecular targets expressed by these cell lines with those expressed in intact peripheral neurons is lacking. Results In this study, we examined the expression of RNA transcripts in the human neuroblastoma-derived cell line, SH-SY5Y, and two dorsal root ganglion hybridoma cell lines, F-11 and ND7/23, using Illumina next-generation sequencing, and compared the results with native whole murine dorsal root ganglions. The gene expression profiles of these three cell lines did not resemble any specific defined dorsal root ganglion subclass. The cell lines lacked many markers for nociceptive sensory neurons, such as the Transient receptor potential V1 gene, but expressed markers for both myelinated and unmyelinated neurons. Global gene ontology analysis on whole dorsal root ganglions and cell lines showed similar enrichment of biological process terms across all samples. Conclusions This paper provides insights into the receptor repertoire expressed in common dorsal root ganglion neuron-derived cell lines compared with whole murine dorsal root ganglions, and illustrates the limits and potentials of these cell lines as tools for neuropharmacological exploration.
An investigation of strategies used in alcohol brand marketing and alcohol-related health promotion on Facebook
Authors: Lim Megan SC , Hare James D , Carrotte Elise R , Dietze Paul M 
Published: April 2016

Objective Alcohol brands are incorporating social networking sites (SNS) into their marketing programmes. SNS are also being used to reduce alcohol consumption and harms by health promotion organisations. Marketing via SNS can attempt to influence consumers using a range of strategies from traditional marketing, social media, and behaviour change theory. This study systematically quantifies marketing strategies used by alcohol brands and health promoters on Facebook. Methods We identified the 10 most popular alcohol brands and health promotion organisations in Australia on Facebook and extracted all posts from April 2014. A framework was developed, listing 33 SNS marketing strategies. The frequency of use of each strategy in posts was counted for all profiles. Results The median number of fans of alcohol brands was 189,290 compared with 7562 for health promotion pages. A total of 210 Facebook posts were analysed. Popular marketing strategies included visual attraction, connecting with other organisations, and links to culture and events. Time-specific and day-specific posts and tweets were used more regularly by alcohol brands than health promotion agencies. Conclusions Alcohol brands remain substantially more popular than health promotion organisations, and this difference is likely driven by offline factors rather than specific use of marketing strategies. However, health promotion organisations can learn from the strategies used by popular brands, particularly in the use of time and day-specific content.
Common best proximity points results for new proximal C-contraction mappings
Authors: Lo’lo’ Parvaneh , Vaezpour Seiyed Mansour , Saadati Reza 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe define a new version of proximal C-contraction and prove the existence and uniqueness of a common best proximity point for a pair of non-self functions. Then we apply our main results to get some fixed point theorems and we give an example to illustrate our results.
Leukocyte Ig-Like receptor B1 restrains dendritic cell function through increased expression of the NF-κB regulator ABIN1/TNIP1
Authors: Khanolkar Rahul C , Kalogeropoulos Michail , Lawrie Alistair , Roghanian Ali , Vickers Mark A , Young Neil T 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Inhibitory receptors of the human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor family are constitutively expressed on all myeloid cell types and regulate their functional activity. We demonstrate that ligation of the human leukocyte antigen class I-specific receptor LILRB1, during the differentiation of monocytes to dendritic cells in vitro, results in increased expression of the nuclear factor κB inhibitor protein ABIN1 (also known as TNIP1). Similarly increased expression of ABIN1/TNIP1 was observed in the “immunosuppressive” monocyte populations of patients with non–Hodgkin lymphoma ex vivo. Reducing expression of ABIN1/TNIP1 using small interfering ribonucleic acid allows dendritic cells and immunosuppressive monocytes to respond to stimulation by allowing nuclear factor κB translocation to the nucleus (P &lt; 0.001), increasing cell surface expression of antigen presentation and costimulatory molecules (P &lt; 0.01), increasing phagocytic capacity (P &lt; 0.001), secreting proinflammatory cytokines (P &lt; 0.01), and an increasing ability to stimulate T cell responses (P &lt; 0.05). Our study, therefore, identifies an important functional role for ABIN1/TNIP1 in mediating the effects of LILRB1 ligation-induced inhibitory effects on immune responses. Our findings suggest that inhibiting the LILRB1-ABIN1/TNIP1 pathway in antigen-presenting cells could be a therapeutic approach to stimulate antitumor immune responses. Conversely, stimulation of the pathway may also ameliorate autoimmune diseases in which TNIP1 is a susceptibility gene.
Psychiatric wards in general hospitals - the opinions of psychiatrists employed there
Authors: Chojnowski Janusz , Załuska Maria 
Published: April 2016

CelW literaturze światowej znajdujemy doniesienia o destabilizacji ekonomicznej i niepewnej przyszłości oddziałów psychiatrycznych w szpitalach ogólnych, związanej z nowymi zasadami finansowania świadczeń medycznych (managed care) . Celem pracy jest analiza piśmiennictwa na temat oddziałów psychiatrii w szpitalach ogólnych, oraz poznanie opinii lekarzy, zatrudnionych w tych oddziałach w Polsce, odnośnie modelu organizacyjnego i stabilności tych oddziałów.MetodaAnkietę z 18 pytaniami typu Likerta przesłano do 83 oddziałów w Polsce i zamieszczono na portalu internetowym „psychiatria.pl”,Wynikiankietę wypełniło 50 psychiatrów pracujących w oddziałach psychiatrii w szpitalach ogólnych w 11 województwach. Przeważająca liczba respondentów pozytywnie oceniała: model organizacyjny oddziału, implikacje dla terapii płynące z jego lokalizacji w szpitalu wielospecjalistycznym i kontakty z lekarzami innych specjalności; natomiast negatywnie: warunki i stabilność miejsca pracy, sposób traktowania przez zarząd szpitala i zainteresowanie władz tego typu oddziałami. Większość 72% respondentów preferuje prace w systemie zintegrowanym stacjonarno ambulatoryjnym i postuluje (86% ankietowanych) zapewnienie trwałego miejsca tego typu oddziałom w systemie służby zdrowia.WnioskiPsychiatrzy pracujący w oddziałach psychiatrycznych w szpitalach ogólnych pozytywnie oceniają ten model organizacyjny, a zwłaszcza integracje świadczeń stacjonarnych i ambulatoryjnych, jednak destabilizacja sytuacji ekonomicznej tych oddziałów, o której donosi literatura światowa, znajduje odbicie także w wynikach ankiety przeprowadzonej w Polsce. Istnieje potrzeba opracowaniu standardów organizacji i finansowania oddziałów psychiatrii w szpitalach ogólnych zapewniających im stabilne miejsce w systemie ochrony zdrowia w Polsce.
Planned Staged Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms to Minimize Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Luozzo Gabriele Di , Wilderman Michael , Pawale Amit , McCullough Jock , Griepp Randall 
Published: April 2016

AbstractManagement of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAA) can lead to spinal cord injury. A variety of clinical adjuncts have proven to decrease the incidence of paraplegia; however, at least 10% patients remain at risk of developing paraplegia. Experimentally and in sporadic clinical experiences, the staged repair of TAAs can lead to better neurologic outcomes. We present two clinical cases with extensive TAA in which a deliberate staged repair leads to excellent neurologic outcomes.
Deep Crater in Heavily Calcified Aortic Valve Leaflet
Authors: Xu Sarah Chaoying , Canter Lisa , Zeeshan Ahmad , Elefteriades John 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe association of severe calcific aortic stenosis with clinically significant stroke has not been well established. This case vividly describes the relationship with clinical and pathological (gross and microscopic) findings in a 62-year-old man with a severely calcified bicuspid aortic valve. Eleven months prior to aortic valve surgery, the patient had stigmata of cerebral embolic events in the absence of any other embolic source. During the aortic valve replacement surgery for aortic stenosis, he was found to have a large atheroma on the aortic valve cusp with a crater containing friable debris in its center. These findings support the potential for embolic stroke in patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis. We recommend that the aortic valve be considered as an embolic source in patients with an otherwise cryptogenic cerebrovascular accident.
Depicting the pain of others: Photographic representations of refugees in the Aegean Shores
Authors: Giannakopoulos Georgios 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Europe faces a refugee crisis of historic proportions. Greece has yet again become the principal site of an ever-unfolding humanitarian calamity. The refugee crisis has brought to the Aegean shores a motley crew of humanitarian activists, journalists, artists and photographers offering relief and documenting the plight of suffering populations fleeing war and destruction. Appeals, reports and photographs circulate across the globe on a daily basis. Borrowing Susan Sontag’s well known dictum, the essay offers a commentary on some key aspects of the visual economy of the refugee crisis and registers some preliminary thoughts on the relation between the current moment and past visual vocabularies of suffering and displacement.