bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
University-Private Hospital clinical education partnerships: opportunities, benefits and barriers for medical student clinical training in private hospitals
Authors: Mahoney Sarah , Boileau Linnea 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Private hospitals in Australia have the potential to offer rich clinical training opportunities for medical students. This study aimed to identify benefits and barriers to private hospitals engaging with medical schools to provide clinical learning opportunities, as perceived by staff and visiting clinicians at private hospitals.Methods: Visiting clinicians and staff at four private hospitals in Adelaide (South Australia) were surveyed, using open-ended questions, to determine attitudes to medical student training in private hospitals. Responses were analysed using inductive content analysis to determine dominant themes in relation to perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and factors that might facilitate clinical teaching in private hospitals. Results: A total of 59 participants completed the survey: 38 secondary care specialists; 4 general practitioners; 6 senior administrative staff; 6 hospital volunteers, medical students or registered nurses; and 5 not specified. There were three dominant themes related to perceived benefits of teaching: the breadth and diversity of clinical exposure for students, opportunities for students to understand private and community health systems, and the high quality of learning available. There were three dominant themes related to barriers: time constraints, patient unwillingness and limitations of learning opportunities. Factors that might facilitate medical education in private hospitals included senior staff acceptance and provision of clear support structures, faculty clinical academic support, administration and facilitation.Conclusions: Attention to the issues raised, correction of the misunderstanding regarding patient acceptance of students and minimisation of disruption to clinical service provision should allow further development of training placements in private hospitals.
Gaps in work readiness of graduate health professionals and impact on early practice: Possibilities for future interprofessional learning
Authors: Merga Margaret 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: It is increasingly imperative to retain new graduates in order to meet the growing health workforce needs of Australia’s ageing population. Concurrently, there is a need to prepare graduates to work effectively in interprofessional teams by providing interprofessional educational opportunities at tertiary level, although which skills, knowledge and competencies should be delivered in an interprofessional context is a point of contention. Limited attention has been given to the identification of cross-professional gaps in entry-level work readiness of graduate health professionals that could subsequently be addressed to some extent by interprofessional education. Methods: Qualitative responses were collected from 88 Department of Health Western Australia employees using a survey tool with open fields. Respondents were recent graduates across a range of health professions. Responses were analysed to identify significant self-reported gaps in graduate work readiness and their impact. Results: Gaps in entry-level work readiness across multiple professions were identified. These included caseload and time management, clinical administration skills, employability, lack of experience with high-risk patients and emergencies, insufficient practicum to transform theory into practical knowledge, conflict management, and stress management and reality shock. Conclusion: The gaps identified in current graduate work readiness, across a range of health professions, should inform the focus of future interprofessional training. As such, this paper could play a role in ensuring graduates are work ready, and also provide ideas for building the interprofessional skills of the future workforce.
Using a clinical computer system to assess student anatomical knowledge and understanding: A pilot
Authors: Kane Paul 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Although anatomy is baseline knowledge for radiation therapists, students often do not see its clinical relevance. Radiation therapists need to interpret the anatomy visualised on computed tomography (CT) images for planning and treatment verification purposes. The Bachelor of Radiation Therapy at the University of Otago combines anatomy with imaging concepts in a first-year academic paper. Teaching includes using a treatment planning system (TPS), which permits students to make the connection between textbook anatomy and CT images. This project explored the use of a TPS as an assessment tool for anatomy.Method: The anatomical knowledge of two small cohorts of first- and second-year radiation therapy students was assessed using a treatment planning system. Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with each cohort to capture the students’ experience of the assessment. Results: Students performed no worse in this assessment compared with a similar traditional assessment. In addition, the assessment promoted student engagement with the material. Students could demonstrate their knowledge and understanding in a manner reflective of clinical practice. Concerns regarding lack of familiarity in using the planning system and fear of technological failure on the assessment day were identified, as well as a general discomfort with the absence of a “correct answer” for certain scenarios.Conclusions: This study shows that a TPS can be used to teach and assess anatomical knowledge. Students found the TPS assessment to be more clinically relevant and were able to make connections between topics and clinical experience. Future assessments utilising a TPS should ensure students are familiar with the system prior to those assessments.
An interactive three-dimensional digital atlas and quantitative database of human development
Authors: de Bakker Bernadette S. , de Jong Kees H. , Hagoort Jaco , de Bree Karel , Besselink Clara T. , de Kanter Froukje E. C. , Veldhuis Tyas , Bais Babette , Schildmeijer Reggie , Ruijter Jan M. , Oostra Roelof-Jan , Christoffels Vincent M. , Moorman Antoon F. M. 
Published: November 2016

Digital reconstruction of human developmentThe detailed morphology of human development has intrigued scientists and the medical field alike. However, the scarcity of specimens hampers detailed mapping of tissue architecture. Furthermore, inaccuracies in the description of human development have crept into textbooks from observations of animal models that are extrapolated to humans. By mapping normal developmental processes and patterns, such as the growth and relative placement of organs, congenital anomalies can be better understood. de Bakkeret al.generated interactive three-dimensional digital reconstructions based on the Carnegie collection of histologically sectioned human embryos spanning the first 2 months of gestation. These interactive models will serve as educational and scientific resources for normal and abnormal human development.Science, this issue p.10.1126/science.aag0053
Social status alters immune regulation and response to infection in macaques
Authors: Snyder-Mackler Noah , Sanz Joaquín , Kohn Jordan N. , Brinkworth Jessica F. , Morrow Shauna , Shaver Amanda O. , Grenier Jean-Christophe , Pique-Regi Roger , Johnson Zachary P. , Wilson Mark E. , Barreiro Luis B. , Tung Jenny 
Published: November 2016

Status alters immune function in macaquesRhesus macaques experience variable levels of stress on the basis of their position in the social hierarchy. To examine how stress affects immune function, Snyder-Mackleret al.manipulated the social status of individual macaques (see the Perspective by Sapolsky). Social status influenced the immune system at multiple levels, from immune cell numbers to gene expression, and altered signaling pathways in a model of response to infection. Macaques possess a plastic and adaptive immune response wherein social subordination promotes antibacterial responses, whereas high social status promotes antiviral responses.Science, this issue p.1041; see also p.967
Oral Administration of a Select Mixture of Bacillus Probiotics Affects the Gut Microbiota and Goblet Cell Function following Escherichia coli Challenge in Newly Weaned Pigs of Genotype
MUC4
That Are Supposed To Be Enterotoxigenic E. coli F4ab/ac Receptor Negative
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhu Yao-Hong , Zhou Dong , Wu Qiong , Song Dan , Dicksved Johan , Wang Jiu-Feng 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Structural disruption of the gut microbiota and impaired goblet cell function are collateral etiologic factors in enteric diseases. Low, moderate, or high doses of a
Bacillus licheniformis
-
B. subtilis
mixture (BLS mix) were orally administered to piglets of genotype
MUC4
that are supposed to be F4-expressing enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
strain (F4
+
ETEC) F4ab/ac receptor negative (i.e.,
MUC4
-resistant piglets) for 1 week before F4
+
ETEC challenge. The luminal contents were collected from the mucosa of the colon on day 8 after F4
+
ETEC challenge. The BLS mix attenuated
E. coli
-induced expansion of
Bacteroides uniformis
,
Eubacterium eligens
,
Acetanaerobacterium
, and
Sporobacter
populations.
Clostridium
and
Turicibacter
populations increased following F4
+
ETEC challenge in pigs pretreated with low-dose BLS mix.
Lactobacillus
gasseri
and
Lactobacillus salivarius
populations increased after administration of BLS mix during
E. coli
infection. The beneficial effects of BLS mix were due in part to the expansion of certain
Clostridium
,
Lactobacillus
, and
Turicibacter
populations, with a corresponding increase in the number of goblet cells in the ileum via upregulated
Atoh1
expression, in turn increasing MUC2 production and thus preserving the mucus barrier and enhancing host defenses against enteropathogenic bacteria. However, excessive BLS mix consumption may increase the risk for enteritis, partly through disruption of colonic microbial ecology, characterized by expansion of
Proteobacteria
and impaired goblet cell function in the ileum. Our findings suggest that oral administration of BLS mix reprograms the gut microbiota and enhances goblet cell function to ameliorate enteritis.

IMPORTANCE
The present study is important for improving our understanding of the protective role of probiotics against
Escherichia coli
infection in piglets. Structural disruption of the gut microbiota and impaired goblet cell function are collateral etiologic factors in enteric diseases. In this study, low, moderate, or high doses of a
Bacillus licheniformis-B. subtilis
mixture (BLS mix) were orally administered to
MUC4
-resistant piglets for 1 week before the F4-expressing ETEC strain (F4
+
ETEC) challenge. Our findings suggest that oral administration of BLS mix reprograms the gut microbiota and enhances goblet cell function to ameliorate enteritis.
An Opsonic Phagocytosis Assay for Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites
Authors: Steel Ryan W. J. , Sack Brandon K. , Tsuji Moriya , Navarro Mary Jane L. , Betz Will , Fishbaugher Matt E. , Flannery Erika L. , Kappe Stefan H. I. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTPlasmodium falciparummalaria remains the deadliest parasitic disease worldwide. Vaccines targeting the preerythrocytic sporozoite and liver stages have the potential to entirely prevent blood-stage infection and disease, as well as onward transmission. Sporozoite surface and secreted proteins are leading candidates for inclusion in a preerythrocytic stage-specific, antibody-based vaccine. Preclinical functional assays to identify humoral correlates of protectionin vitroand to validate novel sporozoite protein targets for inclusion in multisubunit vaccines currently do not consider the interaction of sporozoite-targeting antibodies with other components of the immune system. Here, we describe the development of a simple flow cytometric assay to quantitatively assess the ability of antibodies directed againstP. falciparumsporozoites to facilitate their phagocytosis. We demonstrate that thissporozoiteopsonicphagocytosisassay (SOPA) is compatible with both monoclonal antibodies and human immune serum and can be performed using cryopreservedP. falciparumsporozoites. This simple, accessible assay will aid with the assessment of antibody responses to vaccination withPlasmodiumantigens and their interaction with phagocytic cells of the immune system.
Genome Sequence of Mycobacteriophage ErnieJ
Authors: Robinson Courtney J. , London-Thomas Laricca Y. , Dickson Leon A. , Clinton Tiffany A. , Baig Hana , Bute Maude , Fahad Mohammed , Farrakhan Kanhai , Grady Neshaun , Guthrie Nicholas E. , Hafid Ruoa , Harvey Jayla , Hunnicutt Kellie , Larsen Victoria L. , McDuffie Taashaylaray , McGee Earyn N. , Pailin Jillian Y. , Peacock Bria , Thomas Antolice , Anderson Winston A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

ErnieJ, a cluster C mycobacteriophage that infects
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc

2

155, was recovered from soil in Washington, DC. Its genome is 153,243 bp in size and encodes 227 predicted proteins, 30 tRNAs, and one transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA). Ten percent of the predicted proteins have homologs in phages that infect nonmycobacterial
Actinobacteria
.
Seven Bacteriophages Isolated from the Female Urinary Microbiota
Authors: Malki Kema , Sible Emily , Cooper Alexandria , Garretto Andrea , Bruder Katherine , Watkins Siobhan C. , Putonti Catherine 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent research has debunked the myth that urine is sterile, having uncovered bacteria within the bladders of healthy individuals. However, the identity, diversity, and putative roles of bacteriophages in the bladder are unknown. We report the draft genome sequences of seven bacteriophages isolated from microbial communities from adult female bladders.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Edwardsiella piscicida
Isolate S11-285 Recovered from Channel Catfish (
Ictalurus punctatus
) in Mississippi, USA
Authors: Reichley Stephen R. , Waldbieser Geoffrey C. , Tekedar Hasan C. , Lawrence Mark L. , Griffin Matt J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Edwardsiella piscicida
is a recently described Gram-negative facultative anaerobe and an important pathogen to many wild and cultured fish species worldwide. Here, we report the complete and annotated genome of
E. piscicida
isolate S11-285 recovered from channel catfish (
Ictalurus punctatus
), consisting of a chromosome of 3,923,603 bp and 1 plasmid.
Coexistence of Fosfomycin and Colistin Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing
Authors: Veeraraghavan Balaji , Perumalla Susmitha K. , Devanga Ragupathi Naveen Kumar , Pragasam Agila Kumari , Muthuirulandi Sethuvel Dhiviya Prabaa , Inian Sandhana , Inbanathan Francis Yesurajan 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Resistance to colistin is a major threat that limits therapeutic choices for treating carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
infections. Herein, we report the draft genome sequences of two colistin-resistant
K. pneumoniae
isolates (BA41763 and B6753). The sequence data indicate that BA41763 and B6753 contain genomes of ~5.9 and 5.7 Mb in size with several plasmids.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Two Manganese(II)-Oxidizing Bacteria,
Bosea
sp. Strain BIWAKO-01 and Alphaproteobacterium Strain U9-1i
Authors: Okano Kunihiro , Furuta Seiko , Ichise Satoshi , Miyata Naoyuki 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

This report describes the whole-genome sequences of two Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria, filamentous Mn oxide microparticle-forming
Bosea
sp. strain BIWAKO-01 and alphaproteobacterium strain U9-1i.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum TL2766, a Strain with the Ability To Ferment Wakame
Authors: Villena Julio , Saavedra Lucila , Hebert Elvira Maria , Masumizu Yuki , Sato Nana , Humayun Kober A. K. M. , Albarracin Leonardo , Ikeda-Ohtsubo Wakako , Makino Seiya , Kimura Katsunori , Ohkawara Sou , Kitazawa Haruki 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

The genome sequence of
Lactobacillus plantarum
TL2766, a strain with the ability to ferment wakame (
Undaria pinnatifida
), is described here. The reads were assembled into contigs, with a total size of 3,310,195 bp. The genome information will be useful for further specific genetic studies of this strain and for its biotechnological applications.
Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Strain XH02 Isolated from a Boer Goat in Xuanhan, China
Authors: Zhou Zuoyong , Li Hexian , Zhang Mengsi , Wang Zhiying , Zhou Rongqiong , Hu Shijun , Li Xiaoxia , Song Xinyue , Zhu Zheng 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the genome sequence of
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
strain XH02, isolated from a Boer goat in China. The genome consists of 2,357,671 bp, with a 52.18% G+C content, 2,263 coding sequences, 21 rRNAs, 49 tRNAs, and 44 predicted pseudogenes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Magnetovibrio blakemorei Strain MV-1, a Marine Vibrioid Magnetotactic Bacterium
Authors: Trubitsyn Denis , Abreu Fernanda , Ward F. Bruce , Taylor Todd , Hattori Masahira , Kondo Shinji , Trivedi Urmi , Staniland Sarah , Lins Ulysses , Bazylinski Dennis A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the genome sequence of
Magnetovibrio blakemorei
MV-1, a marine vibrioid magnetotactic bacterium with a single polar flagellum. The current assembly consists of 91 contigs with a combined size of 3,638,804 bp (54.3% G+C content). This genome allows for further investigations of the molecular biomineralization mechanisms of magnetosome formation.
Superiority of Digital Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) over Real-Time RT-PCR for Quantitation of Highly Divergent Human Rhinoviruses
Authors: Sedlak Ruth Hall , Nguyen Thuy , Palileo Isabel , Jerome Keith R. , Kuypers Jane 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Human rhinoviruses (HRV) comprise 3 species representing more than 150 genotypes. As an important human respiratory pathogen, molecular detection is an indispensable tool for diagnosis and surveillance. However, the sequence diversity of HRV genotypes poses challenges for developing robust molecular methods that detect all genotypes with equal efficiencies. This study compares the accuracies of reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and reverse transcription-digital PCR (RT-dPCR) for quantifying HRV RNA using genotype-specific primers and probes and a consensus primer/probe set targeting the 5′ noncoding region of HRV. When using consensus primers and probes for the quantification of HRV, RT-dPCR outperformed RT-qPCR by consistently and accurately quantifying HRV RNAs across more genotype groups, despite the presence of up to 2 target-sequence mismatches within the primer or probe binding region. Because it does not rely on amplification efficiency, which can be affected by sequence mismatches in primer/probe binding regions, RT-dPCR may be the optimal molecular method for future HRV quantification studies and for quantitating other viruses with high sequence diversity.
Suppression of Adenovirus Replication by Cardiotonic Steroids
Authors: Grosso Filomena , Stoilov Peter , Lingwood Clifford , Brown Martha , Cochrane Alan 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
The dependence of adenovirus on the host pre-RNA splicing machinery for expression of its complete genome potentially makes it vulnerable to modulators of RNA splicing, such as digoxin and digitoxin. Both drugs reduced the yields of four human adenoviruses (HAdV-A31, -B35, and -C5 and a species D conjunctivitis isolate) by at least 2 to 3 logs by affecting one or more steps needed for genome replication. Immediate early E1A protein levels are unaffected by the drugs, but synthesis of the delayed protein E4orf6 and the major late capsid protein hexon is compromised. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed that both drugs altered E1A RNA splicing (favoring the production of 13S over 12S RNA) early in infection and partially blocked the transition from 12S and 13S to 9S RNA at late stages of virus replication. Expression of multiple late viral protein mRNAs was lost in the presence of either drug, consistent with the observed block in viral DNA replication. The antiviral effect was dependent on the continued presence of the drug and was rapidly reversible. RIDK34, a derivative of convallotoxin, although having more potent antiviral activity, did not show an improved selectivity index. All three drugs reduced metabolic activity to some degree without evidence of cell death. By blocking adenovirus replication at one or more steps beyond the onset of E1A expression and prior to genome replication, digoxin and digitoxin show potential as antiviral agents for treatment of serious adenovirus infections. Furthermore, understanding the mechanism(s) by which digoxin and digitoxin inhibit adenovirus replication will guide the development of novel antiviral therapies.

IMPORTANCE
Despite human adenoviruses being a common and, in some instances, life-threating pathogen in humans, there are few well-tolerated therapies. In this report, we demonstrate that two cardiotonic steroids already in use in humans, digoxin and digitoxin, are potent inhibitors of multiple adenovirus species. A synthetic derivative of the cardiotonic steroid convallotoxin was even more potent than digoxin and digitoxin when tested with HAdV-C5. These drugs alter the cascade of adenovirus gene expression, acting after initiation of early gene expression to block viral DNA replication and synthesis of viral structural proteins. These findings validate a novel approach to treating adenovirus infections through the modulation of host cell processes.