bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compartment-Specific Regulation of Autophagy in Primary Neurons
Authors: Maday Sandra , Holzbaur Erika L. F. 
Published: June 2016

Autophagy is an essential degradative pathway that maintains neuronal homeostasis and prevents axon degeneration. Initial observations suggest that autophagy is spatially regulated in neurons, but how autophagy is regulated in distinct neuronal compartments is unclear. Using live-cell imaging in mouse hippocampal neurons, we establish the compartment-specific mechanisms of constitutive autophagy under basal conditions, as well as in response to stress induced by nutrient deprivation. We find that at steady state, the cell soma contains populations of autophagosomes derived from distinct neuronal compartments and defined by differences in maturation state and dynamics. Axonal autophagosomes enter the soma and remain confined within the somatodendritic domain. This compartmentalization likely facilitates cargo degradation by enabling fusion with proteolytically active lysosomes enriched in the soma. In contrast, autophagosomes generated within the soma are less mobile and tend to cluster. Surprisingly, starvation did not induce autophagy in either the axonal or somatodendritic compartment. While starvation robustly decreased mTORC1 signaling in neurons, this decrease was not sufficient to activate autophagy. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin with Torin1 also was not sufficient to markedly upregulate neuronal autophagy. These observations suggest that the primary physiological function of autophagy in neurons may not be to mobilize amino acids and other biosynthetic building blocks in response to starvation, in contrast to findings in other cell types. Rather, constitutive autophagy in neurons may function to maintain cellular homeostasis by balancing synthesis and degradation, especially within distal axonal processes far removed from the soma.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAutophagy is an essential homeostatic process in neurons, but neuron-specific mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we compare autophagosome dynamics within neuronal compartments. Axonal autophagy is a vectorial process that delivers cargo from the distal axon to the soma. The soma, however, contains autophagosomes at different maturation states, including input received from the axon combined with locally generated autophagosomes. Once in the soma, autophagosomes are confined to the somatodendritic domain, facilitating cargo degradation and recycling of biosynthetic building blocks to primary sites of protein synthesis. Neuronal autophagy is not robustly upregulated in response to starvation or mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition, suggesting that constitutive autophagy in neurons maintains homeostasis by playing an integral role in regulating the quality of the neuronal proteome.
Performance of Islamic Stocks Index: Comparative Studies Between Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Tulasmi Tulasmi , Trihariyanto Rianto Rinda 
Published: June 2016

The aim of this research is to compare the Islamic stocks index performance between Malaysia and Indonesia using Sharpe method, Treynor method, and Jensen method. The result show that the Islamic stocks index performance in Indonesia –measured by Jakarta Islamic Index- is better than Malaysia if using Treynor and Jensen methods. Otherwise, using the Sharpe method show that Islamic stock index in Malaysia is better than Islamic stocks index in Indonesia. The implication from this result is the investor with enough funds recommended to invest in Indonesia, but the small investor can do the investment to Islamic stocks index in Malaysia.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v5i1.3127
Matrimonio civil entre personas del mismo sexo vs. uniones maritales de hecho en Colombia y su referencia en el Derecho Civil español
Authors: Arango Benjumea Carlos Julio 
Published: June 2016

<p>La presente reflexión pretende presentar de manera sistemática y descriptiva principalmente el estado actual del matrimonio civil homosexual y de las uniones de hecho de igual carácter en nuestro país con alguna referencia al Derecho de Familia español. La propuesta temática a desarrollar es la siguiente:</p><p> </p><p>1. En cuanto a la unión marital permanente de hecho entre compañeros, mostrar como en Colombia la pretensión de aplicación igualitaria de las normas que regulan la Unión permanente de hecho entre parejas heterosexuales y homosexuales pasa por un tamiz que deja entrever claramente que dicha pretensión es un sofisma de distracción que paradójicamente le hace el juego a una sociedad democráticamente diferenciada entre el que se considera “el orden normal” y “orden anormal” de las apetencias sexuales y afectivas de los ciudadanos.</p><p>2. En cuanto al matrimonio civil entre personas del mismo sexo, recordar al respecto la polémica de variada intensidad generada en la mayoría de los países del mundo por su legalización, incluidos aquellos donde existe actualmente protección legal del matrimonio homosexual.</p><p>Author shows what is the legal situation of civil same sex marriage at the moment in Colombia and, comparetively, in Spain. In order to complete this explanation, the author offers a detailed exposition about history and present of same sex partnership in Colombia and Spain</p>
Discurso e cognição: uma abordagem baseada em frames
Authors: Duque Paulo Henrique 
Published: June 2016

Esse estudo apresenta algumas evidências de que estratégias cognitivas baseadas em frames são suficientes para fornecer os insumos necessários para a construção de sentidos complexos e de diferentes visões de mundo. Para isso, dividimos o processo de construção de sentido em duas fases - análise construcional e resolução contextual - apresentamos os mecanismos básicos de acionamento de frames e demonstramos como tipos de frames específicos são acionados por determinados indexadores linguísticos (lexicais ou gramaticais) no discurso. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Deslocamentos subjetivos diante do impossível de educar
Authors: Cavallari Juliana Santana 
Published: June 2016

Esta pesquisa se ancora nos procedimentos teórico-metodológicos da Análise de Discurso em uma interface com algumas noções psicanalíticas. A partir de algumas formulações proferidas no espaço de sala de aula de Língua Inglesa e que, aparentemente, produziram impasses subjetivos e/ou mal-estar no aprendiz, buscou-se entrever modos de o sujeito de pesquisa (re)visitar sua relação com o seu dizer e com os discursos que possibilitam diferentes posicionamentos e laços sociais. A análise dos registros sugeriu que o que se materializa como o impossível de educar pode nos apontar, enquanto professores, para saídas possíveis e singulares. Nos registros abordados, os aparentes erros, lapsos e tropeços cometidos pelo sujeito-aluno foram tomados, pelo professor-pesquisador, como significantes que clamam por uma significação singular, desencadeando deslocamentos subjetivos. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Análise do léxico acadêmico universitário em contexto normativo desde uma perspectiva terminológica
Authors: Vílchez Fidel Pascua 
Published: June 2016

No presente trabalho, analisamos sob um perspectiva terminológica o léxico acadêmico incluído no marco normativo universitário. Com base nos postulados teóricos de Wüster, Gouadec, Benveniste, Cabré, Krieger e Finatto e Bevilacqua, defendemos que esse tipo de léxico constitui a terminologia de uma área específica, ao estar presente dentro de um corpus de documentos normativos e que, portanto, deve cumprir com a máxima de monovalência no âmbito da abrangência desse dado contexto, embora, no uso comum da língua, possa ser polissêmico. Analisamos sua problemática desde três pontos de vista: a) nacional e monolíngue; b) plurinacional e monolíngue e c) plurinacional e plurilíngue. Após a análise de documentos pertencentes ao marco normativo universitário do Brasil, de Portugal e da Argentina, concluímos que é pertinente considerar o léxico acadêmico universitário como uma terminologia e que, em função da perspectiva a ser tomada (nacional monolíngue, plurinacional monolíngue ou plurinacional plurilíngue), a problemática apresentada varia e precisa de soluções específicas em cada caso. O resultado da análise demonstrou a necessidade de criação de ferramentas de consulta voltadas ao léxico acadêmico universitário, tanto monolíngues quanto bilíngues, que ajudem na decodificação que o consulente precisa. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
A long way to go … A study on the implementation of the learning-outcomes based approach in the EU
Authors: Birtwistle Tim , Brown Courtney , Wagenaar Robert 
Published: June 2016

Higher Education institutions have, in the framework of the Bologna Process, been called to re-define their degree programmes on the basis of the learning outcomes approach. This implies a change of paradigm moving from teacher-centred to student-centred education. The Tuning project was set-up in 2000 to develop — through a bottom-up approach — a methodology to achieve this shift. This methodology proved not only to be relevant for Europe, but also for other world regions, including the USA, where Tuning projects were launched from 2009. In 2010 both in the EU and the USA the need was felt to find out whether the intended modernization of learning was actually taking place and how this process was perceived by its main stakeholders. For this purpose a study was initiated, covering the period 2011 to the beginning of 2016, based on the two-pillar approach of quantitative and qualitative instruments. For the study a robust evaluation instrument was developed, consisting of surveys and in-depth interviews implemented by a research team at a selected group of Higher Education institutions, involving management, teaching staff, student counsellors and students. In this paper the outcomes of the EU part of the study are presented, cross referencing to some of the USA study results. The main outcome of the study is that in general limited progress has been made regarding the intended paradigm shift and that key expectations of the reform Process have not been met. This is both the case for Europe and the USA. Although, good practices have been identified, the actual implementation of the student-centred approach is not proceeding beyond a discourse on the paradigm shift and there is no certainty it will be achieved. For Europe there is also a worrying disconnect between the various tiers of the HE sector, ranging from Ministers to students, regarding the actual penetration of the student-centred approach and the education experience of the students. There has been a failure to engage with and convince academic staff about the necessity and advantages of this paradigm shift. Teaching staff are struggling to adjust to the new concepts and paradigm shift and are challenged by no longer being the “knowledge owners” but rather learning facilitators. It does not help that the vast majority of staff members have not undertaken professional development for HE teaching. Where staff development has taken place, it is too focused on process, rather than the concepts and benefits of a learning outcomes approach. The outcomes of the study should therefore be perceived as a wake-up call because without additional and continued support in particular for the teaching staff the reform process could fail.
Published online: 01 June 2016
Ação moral e ontologia digital na América Latina: considerações a partir do pensamento de Rafael Capurro | Moral action and digital ontology in Latin America: considerations from the thinking of Rafael Capurro
Authors: Berrío Zapata Cristian , Gonçalves Sant’Ana Ricardo César 
Published: June 2016

RESUMO Este artigo percorre várias das discussões do professor Rafael Capurro, filósofo uruguaio, residente na Alemanha, a respeito do surgimento de uma ontologia digital na América Latina, e as problemáticas que isso gera na ausência de pesquisa que permita entender o que está acontecendo e quais podem ser seus custos a partir da perspectiva da construção de uma ação moral. O diálogo e o conflito entre a esfera global e local, a percepção de neutralidade a respeito dos dispositivos digitais, a carga paradigmática das tecnologias e ciências que vasculham o desenvolvimento informático, as patologias associadas ao ser digital e os problemas éticos que ele induz são os temas que este documento discute, baseado na obra do professor Capurro.Palavras-chave: Ação Moral; Ontologia Digital; América Latina; Rafael Capurro; TIC.ABSTRACT This article covers some of the discussions proposed by Rafael Capurro, the Uruguayan philosopher resident in Germany, about the emergence of a digital ontology in Latin America, and the problems it generates in the absence of research that allows understanding what is happening, and what may be its costs from the perspective of building moral action. The dialogue and conflict between the global and local spheres, the perception of neutrality with respect to digital devices, the paradigmatic weight of technologies and sciences that search computer developments, the pathologies associated with digital being, and the ethical problems it induces are the topics that this document discusses based on professor Capurro’s work.Keywords: Moral Action; Digital Ontology; Latin America; Rafael Capurro, ICT.
Primavera nos dentes: fuga e resistência na era digital | Spring in your teeth: escape and resistance in the digital era
Authors: Mostafa Solange Puntel , Cruz Denise Viuniski da Nova , Amorim Igor Soares 
Published: June 2016

RESUMO Big data é um fenômeno que coloca novos desafios para diversos profissionais, entre eles o cientista da informação. No capitalismo contemporâneo, a gestão de enormes conjuntos de dados digitais é imprescindível à garantia ou manutenção do poder. Problematiza as formas de resistências compreendidas como contrapoder ou contrainformação. Para isso, aborda as implicações sociais e políticas do big data, destacando possibilidades de apropriação dos dados pela arte e pela filosofia, capazes de gerar linhas de fuga. Aproxima as noções de big data e de sublime kantiana para, então, conceber o conceito filosófico de devir sublime enquanto o que resiste e difere na nova dinâmica de saber-poder.Palavras-chave: Big Data; Metadado; Contrainformação; Devir-Sublime.ABSTRACTBig data is a phenomenon that poses new challenges to various professionals, including information scientists. In contemporary capitalism managing huge collections of digital data seems to be essential to ensure or maintain power. This article discusses forms of resistance understood as counter-power or counter-intelligence. To do so, it addresses social and political implications of big data, highlighting data as possible objects of art and philosophy, capable of generating lines of flight. It also considers joining the notions of big data and the Kantian sublime to propose a philosophical concept of becoming-sublime as that which resists and differs in the new dynamics of knowledge-power.Keywords:Big Data; Metadata; Counter-Information; Becoming-Sublime
Portais do conhecimento de universidades: um quadro referencial para avaliação de potencial semântico | University knowledge gateways: a reference framework for assessment of semantic potential
Authors: Guedes Josefina Aparecida Soares , Strauhs Faimara Do Rocio 
Published: June 2016

RESUMO Os modelos tradicionais de recuperação da informação utilizados na web são inadequados para uma busca efetiva e rápida, e os resultados são, comumente, numerosos e irrelevantes. Por outro lado, os modelos baseados em ontologias e tecnologias de web semântica oferecem maior rapidez no acesso às informações com relevância dos resultados. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi propor condições mínimas necessárias para o estabelecimento de potencial semântico de portais. Um questionário foi aplicado para coletar dados da equipe técnica responsável pelos portais de universidades públicas federais brasileiras da região Sul do Brasil, a fim de identificar ferramentas e tecnologias utilizadas nos portais. Como principais resultados, apresentam-se um diagnóstico do uso da ontologia na estruturação dos portais universitários pesquisados e a proposição de um quadro de referência das condições mínimas necessárias para estabelecimento de potencial semântico dos portais.Palavras-chave: Recuperação de Informação Online; Ontologia; Web Semântica; Portal; Universidades.ABSTRACT Traditional models of information retrieval used on the web are inadequate for effective and quick search and the results are often numerous and irrelevant. On the other hand, models based on ontologies and semantic web technologies offer greater speed of access to information with relevant results. The goal of this research was to propose minimum necessary conditions for establishment of semantic potential of gateways. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the technical team responsible for homepages of federal public universities in southern Brazil, in order to identify tools and technologies used in these homepages. The main results presented were a diagnosis of ontology use in structuring the investigated university portals and the proposal of a framework containing the minimum necessary conditions to establish their semantic potential.Keywords: Online Information Systems; Management Information Systems; Information Retrieval; Ontology; Universities.
Site fidelity by bees drives pollination facilitation in sequentially blooming plant species
Authors: Ogilvie Jane E. , Thomson James D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPlant species can influence the pollination and reproductive success of coflowering neighbors that share pollinators. Because some individual pollinators habitually forage in particular areas, it is also possible that plant species could influence the pollination of neighbors that bloom later. When flowers of a preferred forage plant decline in an area, site‐fidelity may cause individual flower feeders to stay in an area and switch plant species rather than search for preferred plants in a new location. A newly blooming plant species may quickly inherit a set of visitors from a prior plant species, and therefore experience higher pollination success than it would in an area where the first species never bloomed. To test this, we manipulated the placement and timing of two plant species, Delphinium barbeyi and later‐blooming Gentiana parryi. We recorded the responses of individually marked bumble bee pollinators. About 63% of marked individuals returned repeatedly to the same areas to forage on Delphinium. When Delphinium was experimentally taken out of bloom, most of those site‐faithful individuals (78%) stayed and switched to Gentiana. Consequently, Gentiana flowers received more visits in areas where Delphinium had previously flowered, compared to areas where Delphinium was still flowering or never occurred. Gentiana stigmas received more pollen in areas where Delphinium disappeared than where it never bloomed, indicating that Delphinium increases the pollination of Gentiana when they are separated in time. Overall, we show that individual bumble bees are often site‐faithful, causing one plant species to increase the pollination of another even when separated in time, which is a novel mechanism of pollination facilitation.
Chemolithoautotrophy supports macroinvertebrate food webs and affects diversity and stability in groundwater communities
Authors: Hutchins Benjamin T. , Engel Annette Summers , Nowlin Weston H. , Schwartz Benjamin F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe prevailing paradigm in subterranean ecology is that below‐ground food webs are simple, limited to one or two trophic levels, and composed of generalist species because of spatio‐temporally patchy food resources and pervasive energy limitation. This paradigm is based on relatively few studies of easily accessible, air‐filled caves. However, in some subterranean ecosystems, chemolithoautotrophy can subsidize or replace surface‐based allochthonous inputs of photosynthetically derived organic matter (OM) as a basal food resource and promote niche specialization and evolution of higher trophic levels. Consequently, the current subterranean trophic paradigm fails to account for variation in resources, trophic specialization, and food chain length in some subterranean ecosystems. We reevaluated the subterranean food web paradigm by examining spatial variation in the isotopic composition of basal food resources and consumers, food web structure, stygobiont species diversity, and chromophoric organic matter (CDOM), across a geochemical gradient in a large and complex groundwater system, the Edwards Aquifer in Central Texas (USA). Mean δ13C values of stygobiont communities become increasingly more negative along the gradient of photosynthetic OM sources near the aquifer recharge zone to chemolithoautotrophic OM sources closer to the freshwater‐saline water interface (FWSWI) between oxygenated freshwater and anoxic, sulfide‐rich saline water. Stygobiont community species richness declined with increasing distance from the FWSWI. Bayesian mixing models were used to estimate the relative importance of photosynthetic OM and chemolithoautotrophic OM for stygobiont communities at three biogeochemically distinct sites. The contribution of chemolithoautotrophic OM to consumers at these sites ranged between 25% and 69% of total OM utilized and comprised as much as 88% of the diet for one species. In addition, the food web adjacent to the FWSWI had greater trophic diversity when compared to the other two sites. Our results suggest that diverse OM sources and in situ, chemolithoautotrophic OM production can support complex groundwater food webs and increase species richness. Chemolithoautotrophy has been fundamental for the long‐term maintenance of species diversity, trophic complexity, and community stability in this subterranean ecosystem, especially during periods of decreased photosynthetic production and groundwater recharge that have occurred over geologic time scales.
Suppression of savanna ants alters invertebrate composition and influences key ecosystem processes
Authors: Parr C. L. , Eggleton P. , Davies A. B. , Evans T. A. , Holdsworth S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn almost every ecosystem, ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are the dominant terrestrial invertebrate group. Their functional value was highlighted by Wilson (1987) who famously declared that invertebrates are the “little things that run the world.” However, while it is generally accepted that ants fulfil important functions, few studies have tested these assumptions and demonstrated what happens in their absence. We report on a novel large‐scale field experiment in undisturbed savanna habitat where we examined how ants influence the abundance of other invertebrate taxa in the system, and affect the key processes of decomposition and herbivory. Our experiment demonstrated that ants suppressed the abundance and activity of beetles, millipedes, and termites, and also influenced decomposition rates and levels of herbivory. Our study is the first to show that top‐down control of termites by ants can have important ecosystem consequences. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects ant communities have on other aspects of the ecosystem (e.g., soils, nutrient cycling, the microbial community) and how their relative importance for ecosystem function varies among ecosystem types (e.g., savanna vs. forest).