bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 polymutants deploying coronatine and two type III effectors produce quantifiable chlorotic spots from individual bacterial colonies in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
Authors: Chakravarthy Suma , Worley Jay N. , Montes‐Rodriguez Adriana , Collmer Alan 
Published: July 2017

SummaryPrimary virulence factors of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 include the phytotoxin coronatine (COR) and a repertoire of 29 effector proteins injected into plant cells by the type III secretion system (T3SS). DC3000 derivatives differentially producing COR, the T3SS machinery and subsets of key effectors were constructed and assayed in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. Bacteria were inoculated by the dipping of whole plants and assayed for population growth and the production of chlorotic spots on leaves. The strains fell into three classes. Class I strains are T3SS+ but functionally effectorless, grow poorly in planta and produce faint chlorotic spots only if COR+. Class II strains are T3SS– or, if T3SS+, also produce effectors AvrPtoB and HopM1. Class II strains grow better than class I strains in planta and, if COR+, produce robust chlorotic spots. Class III strains are T3SS+ and minimally produce AvrPtoB, HopM1 and three other effectors encoded in the P. syringae conserved effector locus. These strains differ from class II strains in growing better in planta, and produce chlorotic spots without COR if the precursor coronafacic acid is produced. Assays for chlorotic spot formation, in conjunction with pressure infiltration of low‐level inoculum and confocal microscopy of fluorescent protein‐labelled bacteria, revealed that single bacteria in the apoplast are capable of producing colonies and associated leaf spots in a 1 : 1 : 1 manner. However, COR makes no significant contribution to the bacterial colonization of the apoplast, but, instead, enables a gratuitous, semi‐quantitative, surface indicator of bacterial growth, which is determined by the strain's effector composition.
Construction of a multicontrol sterility system for a maize male‐sterile line and hybrid seed production based on the ZmMs7 gene encoding a PHD‐finger transcription factor
Authors: Zhang Danfeng , Wu Suowei , An Xueli , Xie Ke , Dong Zhenying , Zhou Yan , Xu Liwen , Fang Wen , Liu Shensi , Liu Shuangshuang , Zhu Taotao , Li Jinping , Rao Liqun , Zhao Jiuran , Wan Xiangyuan 
Published: July 2017

SummaryAlthough hundreds of genetic male sterility (GMS) mutants have been identified in maize, few are commercially used due to a lack of effective methods to produce large quantities of pure male‐sterile seeds. Here, we develop a multicontrol sterility (MCS) system based on the maize male sterility 7 (ms7) mutant and its wild‐type Zea mays Male sterility 7 (ZmMs7) gene via a transgenic strategy, leading to the utilization of GMS in hybrid seed production. ZmMs7 is isolated by a map‐based cloning approach and encodes a PHD‐finger transcription factor orthologous to rice PTC1 and Arabidopsis MS1. The MCS transgenic maintainer lines are developed based on the ms7‐6007 mutant transformed with MCS constructs containing the (i) ZmMs7 gene to restore fertility, (ii) α‐amylase gene ZmAA and/or (iii) DNA adenine methylase gene Dam to devitalize transgenic pollen, (iv) red fluorescence protein gene DsRed2 or mCherry to mark transgenic seeds and (v) herbicide‐resistant gene Bar for transgenic seed selection. Self‐pollination of the MCS transgenic maintainer line produces transgenic red fluorescent seeds and nontransgenic normal colour seeds at a 1:1 ratio. Among them, all the fluorescent seeds are male fertile, but the seeds with a normal colour are male sterile. Cross‐pollination of the transgenic plants to male‐sterile plants propagates male‐sterile seeds with high purity. Moreover, the transgene transmission rate through pollen of transgenic plants harbouring two pollen‐disrupted genes is lower than that containing one pollen‐disrupted gene. The MCS system has great potential to enhance the efficiency of maize male‐sterile line propagation and commercial hybrid seed production.
Survey and new insights in the application of PCR‐based molecular markers for identification of HMW‐GS at the Glu‐B1 locus in durum and bread wheat
Authors: Janni Michela , Cadonici Stefania , Pignone Domenico , Marmiroli Nelson 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWheat, among all cereal grains, possesses unique characteristics conferred by gluten; in particular, high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) are of considerable interest as they strictly relate to bread‐making quality and contribute to strengthening and stabilizing dough. Thus, the identification of allelic composition, in particular at the Glu‐B1 locus, is very important to wheat quality improvement. Several PCR‐based molecular markers to tag‐specific HMW glutenin genes encoding Bx and By subunits have been developed in recent years. This study provides a survey of the molecular markers developed for the HMW‐GS at the Glu‐B1 locus. In addition, a selection of molecular markers was tested on 31 durum and bread wheat cultivars containing the By8, By16, By9, Bx17, Bx6, Bx14 and Bx17 Glu‐B1 alleles, and a new assignation was defined for the ZSBy9_aF1/R3 molecular marker that was specific for the By20 allele. We believe the results constitute a practical guide for results that might be achieved by these molecular markers on populations and cultivars with high variability at the Glu‐B1 locus.
A clinical approach to the threat of emerging influenza viruses in the Asia‐Pacific region
Authors: Hui David S.C. , Lee Nelson , Chan Paul K.S. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Seasonal influenza epidemics and periodic pandemics are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Patients with chronic co‐morbid illness, those at the extremes of age and pregnant women are at higher risks of complications requiring hospitalization, whereas young adults and obese individuals were also at increased risk during the A(H1N1) pandemic in 2009. Avian influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) viruses have continued to circulate widely in some poultry populations and infect humans sporadically since 1997 and 2013, respectively. The recent upsurge in human cases of A(H7N9) infections in Mainland China is of great concern. Sporadic human cases of avian A(H5N6), A(H10N8) and A(H6N1) have also emerged in recent years while there are also widespread poultry outbreaks due to A(H5N8) in many countries. Observational studies have shown that treatment with a neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) for adults hospitalized with severe influenza is associated with lower mortality and better clinical outcomes, especially when administered early in the course of illness. Whether higher than standard doses of NAI would provide greater antiviral effects in such patients will require further investigation. High‐dose systemic corticosteroids were associated with worse outcomes in patients with severe influenza. There is an urgent need for developing more effective antiviral therapies for treatment of influenza infections.
Oral sucking habits among children with Down syndrome and cerebral palsy
Authors: Carneiro Natália Cristina Ruy , Monteiro Luisa Ribeiro , Pordeus Isabela Almeida , Borges‐Oliveira Ana Cristina 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTAimsIdentify factors associated with the presence of oral sucking habits among children with Down syndrome (DS) and cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsThe sample consisted of 181 children with DS or CP from two public healthcare institutions that treat children with special needs in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The children's mothers answered a questionnaire about the individual and behavioral characteristics and the medical history of their children. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.ResultsThe presence of oral sucking habits (bottle feeding and pacifier/finger sucking) was observed in 83.0% of children. Children with artificial sucking habits had a 3.42 times greater chance of having a history of throat infection during the previous 6 months (5.61 to 48). A mother in the group of children with oral sucking habits had a 10.28 chance of not having breastfed her child (2.86 to 36.93).ConclusionThe history of throat infections in the preceding 6 months and the lack of breastfeeding were associated with the presence of oral sucking habits in children with DS and CP.
Does Marriage Protect Health? A Birth Cohort Comparison*
Authors: Tumin Dmitry 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveMarriage is considered to protect health via multiple mechanisms, but this effect may have weakened as marriage has become deinstitutionalized in the United States. This article tests for cross‐cohort decline in the protective effect of marriage.MethodsChange in the association between marital status and subjective general health over three birth cohorts was estimated using the 1984–2011 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (N = 12,373). Analyses included least‐squares, random‐effects, and fixed‐effects regression models, representing increasingly conservative approaches to ruling out selection bias.ResultsDespite associations between marriage and better health among both men and women, estimated by least‐squares and random‐effects regression, the fixed‐effects models found health improvement relative to remaining unmarried only in very long (≥10 year) marriages, and only among women. This effect was completely attenuated among women in the youngest birth cohort.ConclusionThe modest benefit of marriage for women's subjective health has eroded in recent cohorts.
Matrix weighted norm inequalities for commutators and paraproducts with matrix symbols
Authors: Isralowitz Joshua , Kwon Hyun‐Kyoung , Pott Sandra 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLet be a locally integrable matrix function, a matrix A weight with , and be any of the Riesz transforms. We will characterize the boundedness of the commutator on in terms of the membership of in a natural matrix weighted BMO space. To do this, we will characterize the boundedness of dyadic paraproducts on via a new matrix weighted Carleson embedding theorem. Finally, we will use some of the ideas from these proofs to (among other things) obtain quantitative weighted norm inequalities for these operators and also use them to prove sharp bounds for the Christ/Goldberg matrix weighted maximal function associated with matrix A weights.
Retelling Noah and the Flood: A Fictional Encounter with Genesis 6-9
Authors: Tiemeyer Lena-Sofia 
Published: July 2017

This article explores the retellings of and interactions with the biblical account of Noah and the flood (Gen 6–9) in modern literature. The four novels under scrutiny range from children’s literature, via young adult fiction, to mainstream fiction. They also represent diverse traditions and perspectives: from markedly Jewish or Christian perspectives to more secular viewpoints. The article investigates how these novels fill in narrative gaps and provide the key dramatis personae with personality, background, and motivation for their actions. It also looks at how the novels respond to theological problems that the biblical account raises. Why did God decide to send the flood? Why were Noah and his family spared from the destruction? Did Noah preach repentance/intercede while building the ark? Finally, it notes how several of the novels engage with extra-biblical texts (e.g., the Gilgamesh Epic, the book of Enoch) in order to produce a coherent and involving plot.
Hugo Chávez’s Appropriation of the Liberationist Legacy in Latin America
Authors: Løland Ole Jakob 
Published: July 2017

Hugo Chávez (1954–2013), the former president of Venezuela (1999–2013), brought Latin American populism to a global audience through his rhetorical remarks and controversial appearance in the global media. Theological and biblical metaphors were part of this rhetoric. The article argues that Chávez’s appropriation of theological metaphors in his populist political discourse could be considered as a symptom of the continuing influence and relevance of liberation theology in Latin America during the two last decades of victorious leftism on the continent. On one hand, liberation theology as a social movement had been weakened, especially within the Catholic Church. On the other, the bureaucratic language from the neoliberal era, tied to the Washington consensus, was to a high degree exhausted and replaced by a populist language that paved the way for the inflow of religious and Christian metaphors into politics. Chávez’s use of these metaphors in a way that was consistent with liberation theology points to Christian and Latin American liberationist discourse as a crucial factor in the resurgence of the political left within a religiously vibrant region
Cooperation between Strain-Specific and Broadly Neutralizing Responses Limited Viral Escape and Prolonged the Exposure of the Broadly Neutralizing Epitope
Authors: Anthony Colin , York Talita , Bekker Valerie , Matten David , Selhorst Philippe , Ferreria Roux-Cil , Garrett Nigel J. , Karim Salim S. Abdool , Morris Lynn , Wood Natasha T. , Moore Penny L. , Williamson Carolyn 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
V3-glycan-targeting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are a focus of HIV-1 vaccine development. Understanding the viral dynamics that stimulate the development of these antibodies can provide insights for immunogen design. We used a deep-sequencing approach, together with neutralization phenotyping, to investigate the rate and complexity of escape from V3-glycan-directed bNAbs compared to overlapping early strain-specific neutralizing antibody (ssNAb) responses to the V3/C3 region in donor CAP177. Escape from the ssNAb response occurred rapidly via an N334-to-N332 glycan switch, which took just 7.5 weeks to reach >50% frequency. In contrast, escape from the bNAbs was mediated via multiple pathways and took longer, with escape first occurring through an increase in V1 loop length, which took 46 weeks to reach 50% frequency, followed by an N332-to-N334 reversion, which took 66 weeks. Importantly, bNAb escape was incomplete, with contemporaneous neutralization observed up to 3 years postinfection. Both the ssNAb response and the bNAb response were modulated by the presence/absence of the N332 glycan, indicating an overlap between the two epitopes. Thus, selective pressure by ssNAbs to maintain the N332 glycan may have constrained the bNAb escape pathway. This slower and incomplete viral escape resulted in prolonged exposure of the bNAb epitope, which may in turn have aided the maturation of the bNAb lineage.

IMPORTANCE
The development of an HIV-1 vaccine is of paramount importance, and broadly neutralizing antibodies are likely to be a key component of a protective vaccine. The V3-glycan-targeting bNAb responses are among the most promising vaccine targets, as they are commonly elicited during infection. Understanding the interplay between viral evolution and the development of these antibodies provides insights that may guide immunogen design. Our work contrasted the dynamics of the early strain-specific antibodies and the later broadly neutralizing responses to a common Env target (V3C3), showing slower and more complex escape from bNAbs. Constrained bNAb escape, together with evidence of contemporaneous autologous virus neutralization, supports the proposal that prolonged exposure of the bNAb epitope enabled the maturation of the bNAb lineage.
Determining the pattern and prevalence of alcohol consumption in pregnancy by measuring biomarkers in meconium
Authors: Abernethy Carolyn , McCall Karen E , Cooper Gail , Favretto Donata , Vaiano Fabio , Bertol Elisabetta , Mactier Helen 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of determining the pattern and prevalence of alcohol consumption in pregnancy by measuring ethanol biomarkers in meconium.DesignPopulation-based observational study.SettingInner-city maternity unit in Scotland, UK.PopulationRandom sample of singleton infants delivered after 36 completed weeks’ gestation.MethodsFatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in meconium were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Samples were frozen at −20°C before analysis. Results were compared anonymously with demographic data including maternal age, parity, smoking, ethnicity and postcode and with infant gestation, birth weight and head circumference. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.Results235 samples of meconium were analysed (70% of eligible babies). Only four (1%) of mothers declined to participate. FAAEs were detected in all, including four samples below the limit of quantification (10 ng/g). 98 (42%) samples had FAEE concentrations >600 ng/g. EtG was detectable in 93 (40%) samples; in 35 (15%) EtG concentration was >30 ng/g. No mother reported heavy alcohol consumption in pregnancy. FAAE concentration correlated with EtG (Pearson’s coefficient; p<0.001). There was no association between either biomarker and maternal age, parity, smoking, ethnicity or postcode, or infant gestation, birth weight or head circumference.ConclusionMeasurement of ethanol biomarkers in meconium is a feasible tool for determining the pattern and prevalence of alcohol consumption in pregnancy. Data suggest that at least 15% of pregnant women in the west of Scotland are consuming significant quantities of alcohol during latter pregnancy.
The ID genotype of MDM2 40 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism was associated with lower risk of SLE
Authors: Salimi Saeedeh , Rezaei Mahnaz , Mohammadpour-Gharehbagh Abbas , Sajadian Mojtaba , Sandoughi Mahnaz 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), loss of immunological tolerance to self-nuclear antigens and abnormal activation of self-reactive T and B cells lead to self-antibodies and immune complex production. The autoreactive lymphocytes are removed by the apoptotic process in healthy individuals; however, apoptosis disruption could cause accumulation of apoptotic bodies and nuclear debris. Therefore, apoptosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.PurposeTo investigate the association between two polymorphisms in an apoptotic-related gene, MDM2, and SLE.Study designA case–control study was conducted on 200 patients with SLE and 206 healthy volunteers matched for age, sex, and ethnicity. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR methods were used for genotyping.ResultsNo association was found between the MDM2 T309G polymorphism (rs2279744) and SLE. The ID genotype of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs3730485) was significantly lower in patients with SLE, and the ID genotype could be a protective factor for SLE. The DD genotype was not associated with SLE. The frequency of combined TT/ID and GG/ID genotypes of MDM2 T309G and I/D polymorphisms was lower in the patients with SLE and was associated with a lower risk of SLE. The frequency of the TD haplotype of MDM2 T309G and I/D polymorphisms was significantly lower in patients with SLE and could reduce the SLE risk.ConclusionsThe ID genotype of the MDM2 I/D polymorphism was associated with a lower risk of SLE. There was no association between MDM2 T309G polymorphism and SLE.
THE INFLUENCE OF PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE ON THE PASSIVE BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLES
Authors: SILVA M. E. T. , BRANDÃO S. , PARENTE M. P. L. , MASCARENHAS T. , NATAL JORGE R. M. 
Published: July 2017

The biomechanical properties of the female pelvic floor tissues, such as muscles, fascia or ligaments are relevant when explaining pelvic disorders, since these may result from changes in the properties of those tissues. The aim of this study is to understand the influence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) on the passive biomechanical properties of the pelvic floor muscles. For this purpose, magnetic resonance images at Valsalva maneuver were used, and an inverse finite element analysis technique was applied. The numerical models of the pubovisceralis muscle and pelvic bones were built from axial magnetic resonance images acquired at rest. The numerical simulation was based on the finite element method (FEM), by which the material constants were determined for three different constitutive models (Neo-Hookean, Mooney–Rivlin and Yeoh). The ratio between the values of the material constants for women with and without prolapse was approximately 43% for the parameter [Formula: see text] in the Neo-Hookean constitutive model, 57% and 24% for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the Mooney–Rivlin constitutive model, and 35%, 21% and 14% for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the Yeoh constitutive model. For the three constitutive models, the mean values of the material properties related with stiffness were higher for the muscles of women with POP. These increases in stiffness are in line with other experimental works involving vaginal tissue, which showing that the elasticity module is significantly higher in the prolapsed tissue when compared with normal tissue. The present work presents a noninvasive methodology based on the application of the FEM, which allows the establishment of a relationship between the stiffness of the pelvic floor muscles of women with POP and without this pathology.
Mineralogical characterization of coal samples relevant to coal bed methane porosity and permeability concerns
Authors: Cuff C. , Corkeron M. , Rasmussen C. E. , Bush A. , Camuti K. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Lower than anticipated gas production rates in coal bed methane (CBM) operations are sometimes related to formation damage in which reduced permeability results from the interaction of bore and fracturing fluids with coal. This study assesses the potential for mineral precipitation to cause formation damage from a Permian coal seam in the Bowen Basin, eastern Australia, using geochemical modelling of coal mineralogy, formation fluid and bore fluid composition. The mineralogical composition of coal was assessed using petrography, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluoresence and electron beam microanalysis. Geochemical modelling of ambient groundwater and drilling fluid interactions with coal samples was undertaken using Geochemist's WorkBench (GWB). This modelling indicates that likely mineral precipitates/re-precipitates to adversely impact porosity and permeability include a range of clay, carbonate and sulphate minerals. Additionally, these interactions may induce alteration of precursor smectites to new species that reduce permeability. The resultant smectites also have a high propensity for expansion and dispersion in the presence of inappropriate drilling fluids.
Precipitation, expansion and dispersion of these fine-grained minerals may potentially lead to large reductions in permeability, with profound impacts upon gas flow. Indications are that reduced permeability can be mitigated by suitable chemical matching of groundwaters with drilling fluids.