bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melter feed viscosity during conversion to glass: Comparison between low‐activity waste and high‐level waste feeds
Authors: Jin Tongan , Chun Jaehun , Dixon Derek R. , Kim Dongsang , Crum Jarrod V. , Bonham Charles C. , VanderVeer Bradley J. , Rodriguez Carmen P. , Weese Brigitte L. , Schweiger Michael J. , Kruger Albert A. , Hrma Pavel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDuring nuclear waste vitrification, a melter feed (a slurry mixture of a nuclear waste and various glass forming and modifying additives) is charged into the melter where undissolved refractory constituents are suspended together with evolved gas bubbles from complex reactions. Knowledge of flow properties of various reacting melter feeds is necessary to understand their unique feed‐to‐glass conversion processes occurring within a floating layer of melter feed called a cold cap. The viscosity of two low‐activity waste (LAW) melter feeds were studied during heating and correlated with volume fractions of undissolved solid phase and gas phase. In contrast to the high‐level waste (HLW) melter feed, the effects of undissolved solid and gas phases play comparable roles and are required to represent the viscosity of LAW melter feeds. This study can help bring physical insights to feed viscosity of reacting melter feeds with different compositions and foaming behavior in nuclear waste vitrification.
Effects of breed proportion and components of heterosis for semen traits in a composite cattle breed
Authors: Khayatzadeh N. , Mészáros G. , Utsunomiya Y. T. , Schmitz‐Hsu F. , Seefried F. , Schnyder U. , Ferenčaković M. , Garcia J. F. , Curik I. , Sölkner J. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to estimate the non‐additive genetic effects of the dominance component of heterosis as well as epistatic loss on semen traits in admixed Swiss Fleckvieh, a composite of Simmental (SI) and Red Holstein Friesian (RHF) cattle. Heterosis is the additional gain in productivity or fitness of cross‐bred progeny over the mid‐purebred parental populations. Intralocus gene interaction usually has a positive effect, while epistatic loss generally reduces productivity or fitness due to lack of evolutionarily established interactions of genes from different breeds. Genotypic data on 38,205 SNP of 818 admixed, as well as 148 RHF and 213 SI bulls as the parental breeds were used to predict breed origin of alleles. The genomewide locus‐specific breed ancestries of individuals were used to calculate effects of breed difference as well as the dominance component of heterosis, while proxies for two definitions of epistatic loss were derived from 100,000 random pairs of loci. The average Holstein Friesian ancestry in admixed bulls was estimated 0.82. Results of fitting different linear mixed models showed including the dominance component of heterosis considerably improved the model adequacy for three of the four traits. Inclusion of epistatic loss increased the accuracy of the models only for our new definition of the epistatic effect for two traits, while the other definition was so highly correlated with the dominance component that statistical separation was impossible.
BIBI: Bayesian inference of breed composition
Authors: Martínez C. A. , Khare K. , Elzo M. A. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe aim of this paper was to develop statistical models to estimate individual breed composition based on the previously proposed idea of regressing discrete random variables corresponding to counts of reference alleles of biallelic molecular markers located across the genome on the allele frequencies of each marker in the pure (base) breeds. Some of the existing regression‐based methods do not guarantee that estimators of breed composition will lie in the appropriate parameter space, and none of them account for uncertainty about allele frequencies in the pure breeds, that is, uncertainty about the design matrix. To overcome these limitations, we proposed two Bayesian generalized linear models. For each individual, both models assume that the counts of the reference allele at each marker locus follow independent Binomial distributions, use the logit link and pose a Dirichlet prior over the vector of regression coefficients (which corresponds to breed composition). This prior guarantees that point estimators of breed composition such as the posterior mean pertain to the appropriate space. The difference between these models is that model termed BIBI does not account for uncertainty about the design matrix, while model termed BIBI2 accounts for such an uncertainty by assigning independent Beta priors to the entries of this matrix. We implemented these models in a data set from the University of Florida's multibreed Angus‐Brahman population. Posterior means were used as point estimators of breed composition. In addition, the ordinary least squares estimator proposed by Kuehn et al. () (OLSK) was also computed. BIBI and BIBI2 estimated breed composition more accurately than OLSK, and BIBI2 had a 7.69% improvement in accuracy as compared to BIBI.
TMEM207 hinders the tumour suppressor function of WWOX in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bunai Katsuaki , Okubo Hiroshi , Hano Kimika , Inoue Keisuke , Kito Yusuke , Saigo Chiemi , Shibata Toshiyuki , Takeuchi Tamotsu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe WW domain‐containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) functions as a tumour suppressor in oral carcinogenesis. As aberrant TMEM207 expression may lead to tumour progression by hampering the tumour suppressor function of WWOX in various cancers, we explored the expression and pathobiological properties of TMEM207, focusing on the WWOX‐mediated regulation of the HIF‐1α pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). TMEM207 immunoreactivity was detected in 40 of 90 OSCC samples but not in neighbouring non‐tumorous epithelial tissues. Moreover, TMEM207 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. An in situ proximal ligation assay demonstrated the colocalization of TMEM207 and WWOX in invasive OSCC cells, especially glycogen‐rich ones. Enforced expression of TMEM207 abrogated the binding of WWOX to HIF‐1α, increased HIF‐1α and GLUT‐1 expression, even under normoxic conditions, and promoted tumour growth in a xenoplant assay using SAS tongue squamous cancer cells. In contrast, TMEM207 knockdown decreased GLUT‐1 expression in two OSCC cell lines. As a whole, our findings indicate that the aberrant expression of TMEM207 contributes to tumour progression in OSCC, possibly via promoting aerobic glycolysis.
Significance of day‐1 viral response of hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving direct‐acting antiviral therapy
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Kumada Takashi , Tada Toshifumi , Yama Tsuyoki , Mizuno Kazuyuki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground and AimOn‐treatment response of serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) is reportedly less useful to predict the outcome of anti‐HCV therapy with interferon (IFN)‐free regimen with direct‐acting antivirals than with IFN‐based regimens in clinical trials. We evaluated the significance of very early viral response after the start of therapy, which indicates direct HCV response to the drugs, on therapeutic outcome.MethodsReductions in serum HCV‐RNA levels were measured at 1 day after the start of therapy in 544 patients who underwent IFN‐free direct‐acting antiviral regimens. The association between these reductions and the achievement or failure of sustained virologic response (SVR) was evaluated.ResultsPatient characteristics did not influence 1‐day reduction in serum HCV‐RNA except for liver fibrosis. There was no difference in 1‐day HCV reduction between SVR and non‐SVR patients treated with a 24‐week regimen. In contrast, in patients treated with a 12‐week regimen, 1‐day reduction was significantly greater in SVR than in non‐SVR patients (P = 0.0013) and was predictive of SVR versus non‐SVR (area under the receiver‐operating characteristics curve: 0.80).ConclusionsWhereas the reduction in serum HCV‐RNA levels at 1 day after the start of therapy was not associated with treatment outcomes in patients who underwent a 24‐week regimen of IFN‐free therapy, there was an association in patients receiving a 12‐week regimen, and this reduction was predictive of SVR, thus potentially serving as a factor to identify patients at risk of treatment failure.
Protection against β‐amyloid neurotoxicity by a non‐toxic endogenous N‐terminal β‐amyloid fragment and its active hexapeptide core sequence
Authors: Forest Kelly H. , Alfulaij Naghum , Arora Komal , Taketa Ruth , Sherrin Tessi , Todorovic Cedomir , Lawrence James L. M. , Yoshikawa Gene T. , Ng Ho‐Leung , Hruby Victor J. , Nichols Robert A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHigh levels (μM) of beta amyloid (Aβ) oligomers are known to trigger neurotoxic effects, leading to synaptic impairment, behavioral deficits, and apoptotic cell death. The hydrophobic C‐terminal domain of Aβ, together with sequences critical for oligomer formation, is essential for this neurotoxicity. However, Aβ at low levels (pM‐nM) has been shown to function as a positive neuromodulator and this activity resides in the hydrophilic N‐terminal domain of Aβ. An N‐terminal Aβ fragment (1–15/16), found in cerebrospinal fluid, was also shown to be a highly active neuromodulator and to reverse Aβ‐induced impairments of long‐term potentiation. Here, we show the impact of this N‐terminal Aβ fragment and a shorter hexapeptide core sequence in the Aβ fragment (Aβcore: 10–15) to protect or reverse Aβ‐induced neuronal toxicity, fear memory deficits and apoptotic death. The neuroprotective effects of the N‐terminal Aβ fragment and Aβcore on Aβ‐induced changes in mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and apoptotic neuronal death were demonstrated via mitochondrial membrane potential, live reactive oxygen species, DNA fragmentation and cell survival assays using a model neuroblastoma cell line (differentiated NG108‐15) and mouse hippocampal neuron cultures. The protective action of the N‐terminal Aβ fragment and Aβcore against spatial memory processing deficits in amyloid precursor protein/PSEN1 (5XFAD) mice was demonstrated in contextual fear conditioning. Stabilized derivatives of the N‐terminal Aβcore were also shown to be fully protective against Aβ‐triggered oxidative stress. Together, these findings indicate an endogenous neuroprotective role for the N‐terminal Aβ fragment, while active stabilized N‐terminal Aβcore derivatives offer the potential for therapeutic application.
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Vitamin C modulates glutamate transport and NMDA receptor function in the retina
Authors: Domith Ivan , Socodato Renato , Portugal Camila C. , Munis Andressa F. , Duarte‐Silva Aline T. , Paes‐de‐Carvalho Roberto 
Published: November 2017

AbstractVitamin C (in the reduced form ascorbate or in the oxidized form dehydroascorbate) is implicated in signaling events throughout the central nervous system (CNS). In the retina, a high‐affinity transport system for ascorbate has been described and glutamatergic signaling has been reported to control ascorbate release. Here, we investigated the modulatory role played by vitamin C upon glutamate uptake and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation in cultured retinal cells or in intact retinal tissue using biochemical and imaging techniques. We show that both forms of vitamin C, ascorbate or dehydroascorbate, promote an accumulation of extracellular glutamate by a mechanism involving the inhibition of glutamate uptake. This inhibition correlates with the finding that ascorbate promotes a decrease in cell surface levels of the neuronal glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 3 in retinal neuronal cultures. Interestingly, vitamin C is prone to increase the activity of NMDA receptors but also promotes a decrease in glutamate‐stimulated [3H] MK801 binding and decreases cell membrane content of NMDA receptor glutamate ionotropic receptor subunit 1 (GluN1) subunits. Both compounds were also able to increase cAMP response element‐binding protein phosphorylation in neuronal nuclei in a glutamate receptor and calcium/calmodulin kinase‐dependent manner. Moreover, the effect of ascorbate is not blocked by sulfinpyrazone and then does not depend on its uptake by retinal cells. Overall, these data indicate a novel molecular and functional target for vitamin C impacting on glutamate signaling in retinal neurons.
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Nerve injury associated with high‐intensity focused ultrasound: A case report
Authors: Sathaworawong Angkana , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima 
Published: November 2017

SummarySkin laxity is a common cosmetic concern in middle‐aged women. High‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is one of noninvasive modalities that provides safe and effective improvement in skin laxity and tightening with minimal adverse effects. Concerning an extensive use of HIFU for facial rejuvenation, dermatologists should be aware of potential adverse effects of HIFU treatment. We herein present a case of 33‐year‐old Thai female with facial nerve injury after HIFU treatment for skin laxity.
The relevance of sleep and circadian misalignment for procrastination among shift workers
Authors: Kühnel Jana , Sonnentag Sabine , Bledow Ronald , Melchers Klaus G. 
Published: November 2017

This daily diary study contributes to current research uncovering the role of sleep for employees’ effective self‐regulation at work. We focus on shift workers’ effective self‐regulation in terms of their general and day‐specific inclination to procrastinate, that is, their tendency to delay the initiation or completion of work activities. We hypothesized that transitory sleep characteristics (day‐specific sleep quality and sleep duration) and chronic sleep characteristics in terms of circadian misalignment are relevant for procrastination. Sixty‐six shift workers completed two daily questionnaires over the course of one work week, resulting in 332 days of analysis. Results of multilevel regression analyses showed that on days when shift workers slept better and longer—compared to days when they slept worse and shorter—they had more energy and willpower available after sleep and subsequently were less prone to procrastination. Moreover, the more work times (permanent shift) were misaligned with employees’ sleep–wake preferences (chronotype) the more pronounced was shift workers’ inclination to procrastinate at work. The present findings provide important implications for shift workers’ effective functioning at work.Practitioner Points

To promote shift workers’ effective functioning at work, when scheduling shift work, circadian principles should be taken into account, and work times should be aligned with workers’ chronotypes.

Day‐specific sleep quality and duration co‐vary with procrastination at work. Thus, on days on which procrastination would be especially harmful, sleep of good quality and of sufficient duration should be obtained.
Should short‐term use of alcohol‐containing mouthrinse be avoided for fear of worsening xerostomia?
Authors: Nair R. , Chiu S. E. , Chua Y. K. , Dhillon I. K. , Li J. , Yee Ting Fai R. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis study aimed to assess the short‐term effect of alcohol‐containing mouthrinse versus mouthrinse without alcohol on xerostomia scores reported by Xerostomia Inventory (XI) scores and short version of the Xerostomia Inventory (SXI). This study was a two‐group parallel‐arm randomised controlled trial where participants were randomly allocated to twice a day for 7 days use of either alcohol‐containing or alcohol‐free mouthrinse. Allocation was concealed. The participants, the outcome assessors and the statistician were blinded to the allocation status. A total of 163 participants completed the pre‐and post‐intervention data collection. There were no statistically significant differences between the study groups with respect to demographics or other measured independent variables. After adjusting for age and gender, regression coefficient (95% CI) for XI was 0.02 (−1.72‐2.29) and that for SXI was 0.03 (−0.54‐0.83). Both adjusted and unadjusted models showed no significant differences in change in XI or SXI. The mean difference in scores between the groups for XI was −0.45 (−2.45‐1.55) and for SXI was 0.05 (−0.65‐0.75). There was no significant difference in the change in xerostomia levels as a result of short‐term exposure to alcohol‐containing mouthrinse, when compared to those exposed to alcohol‐free mouthrinse. Short‐term use of alcohol‐containing mouthrinse does not result in worsening xerostomia.
An Ancient Virtue and Its Heirs: The Reception of Greatness of Soul in the Arabic Tradition
Authors: Vasalou Sophia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis essay examines the reception of the ancient virtue of greatness of soul (or magnanimity) in the Arabic tradition, touching on a range of figures but focusing especially on Miskawayh and even more concertedly on al‐Ghazālī. Influenced by a number of Greek ethical texts available in Arabic translation, both of these thinkers incorporate greatness of soul into their classifications of the virtues and the vices. Yet a closer scrutiny raises questions about this amicable inclusion, and suggests that this virtue stands in an uneasy relationship to the larger ethical schemes of both thinkers. This is substantiated by a careful probing of these thinkers’ considered views on the value of honor and the ethics of self‐evaluation. Yet if the values embedded in the virtue of greatness of soul conflict with these thinkers’ ethical standpoints, there is then an interesting question to ask as to why this conflict should be obscured from view.
Classifying Functioning of Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability: The Utility of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth
Authors: Vale Maria do Carmo , Pereira‐da‐Silva Luís , Pimentel Maria João , Marques Teresa Nunes , Rodrigues Helena , Cunha Gilda , Machado Maria do Céu , Sanches‐Ferreira Manuela , Simeonsson Rune J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObservational cross‐sectional study carried out in a pediatric neurodevelopment unit of a tertiary‐care hospital. A sample of 355 children with median ((min.–max.) 1.0–17.3) years with intellectual disability (30.4% borderline, 43.1% mild, 19.7% moderate, 5.1% severe, and 1.7% profound disability) was seen over a period of 3 years. Based on clinical observation and psychological evaluation, a neurodevelopmental pediatrician selected ICF‐CY body functions codes, and respective qualifiers, to effectively describe functioning of children. Based on evaluation reports, a psychologist and a special educator assigned the previously chosen ICF‐CY body functions codes to 139 and 67 children, respectively. Inter‐rater agreement was estimated using simple and weighted Cohen's kappa coefficients and Gwet's AC1 statistic and Gwet's weighted kappa coefficient statistic. A set of eight ICF‐CY codes was identified as efficiently describing impairments of body functions of children with intellectual disability: global mental functions b117 and b122; specific mental functions b147, b163, b164, and b167; and voice and speech functions b320 and b330. Results indicate a correspondence between the level of severity of qualifiers assigned to ICF‐CY codes and the level of intellectual disability. Inter‐rater agreement was variable among raters, with the best agreements found for qualifying intellectual functions (b117) and psychomotor functions (b122). A profile of eight ICF‐CY codes effectively describes functioning of children with intellectual disability, providing an alternative to medically based classification, based on diagnoses with functionally based classification of children's characteristics. The findings contribute to define a comprehensive set of codes to reliably record individual differences of functioning in this population.
Intrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs: short‐ and long‐term outcome of suture attenuation
Authors: Tivers M. S. , Lipscomb V. J. , Bristow P. , Brockman D. J. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo report the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of one‐ or two‐staged suture attenuation for complete closure of intrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs.Materials and MethodsRetrospective cohort study of dogs surgically treated for intrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts between February 2000 and March 2015. Long‐term follow‐up was conducted by telephone conversations with the referring veterinary surgeon, owner, or both.ResultsIn total, 55 dogs had suture attenuation of their intrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunt; 10 dogs (18·2%) tolerated complete attenuation, whilst 45 dogs (81·8%) tolerated partial attenuation. Postoperative complications occurred in 24 dogs (43·6%), and six dogs (10·9%) died. Repeat surgery was performed in 33 of 39 dogs (84·6%) that had previously undergone partial attenuation, and 27 of these (84·9%) ultimately achieved complete shunt attenuation. One dog (3·0%) died following second surgery, resulting in an overall postoperative mortality of seven of 55 (12·7%). Detailed follow‐up was available for 22 dogs that were still alive at a median of 29 months after surgery (7·4 to 103·1) with a subjectively good quality of life. Of 17 dogs (82·4%), 14 with complete attenuation in one or two surgeries had an excellent outcome compared with one of five dogs (20%) with persistent shunting.Clinical SignificanceStaged suture ligation resulted in a high proportion of complete attenuation and reduced persistent shunting compared with a single surgery. Repeat surgery was associated with fewer complications than the first surgery. The proportion of dogs with an excellent outcome was greater for those that had complete attenuation in one or two surgeries compared with those with persistent shunting.
Sleep and its relation to cognition and behaviour in preschool‐aged children of the general population: a systematic review
Authors: Reynaud Eve , Vecchierini Marie‐Françoise , Heude Barbara , Charles Marie‐Aline , Plancoulaine Sabine 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis is the first systematic review of the literature on sleep and its relation to cognition and behaviour in preschool‐aged children. In comparison with the literature focused on school‐aged children, knowledge involving preschoolers is rather sparse. A total of 26 studies was included in this review, which revealed a high degree of heterogeneity regarding the type and means of measuring sleep variables and behavioural and cognitive variables, as well as the statistical methods employed. Amongst the 13 articles with the largest sample sizes (top 50% of the included studies, 12 different populations), 12 found that a higher quantity or quality of sleep was associated with better behavioural and/or cognitive outcomes. Results point to an association between sleep, behaviour and cognition as early as preschool years, but the strengths of associations reported in the articles were relatively small. Studies with a smaller sample size were less concordant. It is consistent with our findings that the strengths of association are small, and thus require large sample sizes to ensure statistical detection power. Different aspects of sleep were not associated with all cognitive or behavioural features in the same way, which underscores the need for specific measures rather than general ones such as ‘sleep problems’ or ‘behaviour problems’ to be able to decipher the relationships. There is also a need for large longitudinal studies using objective measures and accounting for confounding factors. The child's genotype has recently been shown to have a moderating role in the association between sleep and behaviour, and should be further explored.