bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language Development and Impairment in Children With Mild to Moderate Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Halliday Lorna F. , Tuomainen Outi , Rosen Stuart 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The goal of this study was to examine language development and factors related to language impairments in children with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss (MMHL).

Method
Ninety children, aged 8–16 years (46 children with MMHL; 44 aged-matched controls), were administered a battery of standardized language assessments, including measures of phonological processing, receptive and expressive vocabulary and grammar, word and nonword reading, and parental report of communication skills. Group differences were examined after controlling for nonverbal ability.

Results
Children with MMHL performed as well as controls on receptive vocabulary and word and nonword reading. They also performed within normal limits, albeit significantly worse than controls, on expressive vocabulary, and on receptive and expressive grammar, and worse than both controls and standardized norms on phonological processing and parental report of communication skills. However, there was considerable variation in performance, with 26% showing evidence of clinically significant oral or written language impairments. Poor performance was not linked to severity of hearing loss nor age of diagnosis. Rather, outcomes were related to nonverbal ability, maternal education, and presence/absence of family history of language problems.

Conclusions
Clinically significant language impairments are not an inevitable consequence of MMHL. Risk factors appear to include lower maternal education and family history of language problems, whereas nonverbal ability may constitute a protective factor.
Dual metal drain Ge‐source dopingless TFET with enhanced turn‐ON steep subthreshold swing and high ON‐current
Authors: Sharma N. , Chauhan S.S. 
Published: May 2017

A novel dopingless Ge‐source dual metal drain double gate tunnel field effect transistor is presented with the help of work function engineering. Proposed device makes use of the dopingless concept, charge plasma for carrier doping concentration below the drain/source region that permits dynamic configuration by choosing suitable work function for drain/source metal electrode. In the proposed device, the n + drain region is divided into two parts of low and high work function. The work function of the metal nearest to the drain–channel junction is relatively higher than the other metal for creating a potential barrier for restricting the tunnelling of holes when the negative gate voltage is applied. By using low energy bandgap Ge material, the tunnelling probability and drive current of the device are increased. The proposed device offers high ION/IOFF ratio (∼1013), smaller point subthreshold swing (SS) (∼31 mV/decade), average SS (∼43 mV/decade).
Frequency of Urinary Tract Abnormalities on MCUG of Spina Bifida Occulta Patients with Urinary Complaints
Authors: Akhtar Samina , Riaz Ramish 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSpina bifida occulta (SBO) is usually considered as benign entity without having any clinical significance. In Pakistan, there is a lack of studies on spina bifida. Clinicians usually ignore the mild urinary complaints and do not look with the perspective of SBO background. Micturating cystourethrography (MCUG) of the 71 children with SBO having urinary complaints was done. Analysis was done via SPSS version 20. A total of 70.4% of the patients had urinary tract abnormalities on MCUG. Vesicoureteric reflux was the most common finding. SBO is a clinically significant disorder. Especially in patients with urinary complaints, MCUG must be done to look for underlying pathologies.
On logarithmic coefficients of some close-to-convex functions
Authors: Ali Md Firoz , Vasudevarao A. 
Published: May 2017

The logarithmic coefficients

γ
n

\gamma _n

of an analytic and univalent function

f
f

in the unit disk

D

=
{
z
∈

C

:

|

z

|

>
1
}

\mathbb {D}=\{z\in \mathbb {C}:|z|>1\}

with the normalization

f
(
0
)
=
0
=

f
′

(
0
)
−
1

f(0)=0=f’(0)-1

are defined by

log
⁡

f
(
z
)

z

=
2

∑

n
=
1

∞

γ
n

z
n

\log \frac {f(z)}{z}= 2\sum _{n=1}^{\infty } \gamma _n z^n

. Recently, D. K. Thomas [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 144 (2016), 1681–1687] proved that

|

γ
3

|

≤

7
12

|\gamma _3|\le \frac {7}{12}

for functions in a subclass of close-to-convex functions (with argument

0
0

) and claimed that the estimate is sharp by providing a form of an extremal function. In the present paper, we point out that such extremal functions do not exist and the estimate is not sharp by providing a much more improved bound for the whole class of close-to-convex functions (with argument

0
0

). We also determine a sharp upper bound of

|

γ
3

|

|\gamma _3|

for close-to-convex functions (with argument

0
0

) with respect to the Koebe function.
Feeding by Calanus glacialis in a high arctic fjord: potential seasonal importance of alternative prey
Authors: Cleary Alison C. , Søreide Janne E. , Freese Daniela , Niehoff Barbara , Gabrielsen Tove M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe copepod species Calanus glacialis is an important component of arctic marine food webs, where it is the numerically dominant zooplankton grazer and serves as a major prey item for fish, seabirds, and other predators. These copepods are typically considered to be phytoplanktivorous, although they are also known to feed on microzooplankton, and little is known about their diet in fall and winter. To investigate their feeding, C. glacialis gut contents were analyzed over an annual cycle in a seasonally ice covered arctic fjord using next generation sequencing of 18S rDNA. During the spring bloom, diatoms, particularly Thalassiosira spp., were important contributors to the dietary sequence reads. In addition to diatoms, Chytridiomycetes, fungal parasites of diatoms, also made up a large proportion of dietary sequence reads during this productive season. This provides one of the first indications of the potential importance of the mycoloop in marine environments. Just prior to the spring bloom, chaetognath sequences dominated the prey sequence reads from C. glacialis, suggesting potential predation on eggs or other early life stages of chaetognaths by C. glacialis. Other indications of omnivorous feeding outside of the spring bloom period included sequence reads from polychaetes in summer, at the time of peak polychaete larval abundance, and from Metridia spp. (Copepoda) in winter in prey sequences from C. glacialis. Incorporating such predation into our knowledge of Calanus spp. behaviour may help refine our understanding of Calanus spp. ecology, and potential responses of C. glacialis to ongoing climate change.
A new second-order midpoint approximation formula for Riemann–Liouville derivative: algorithm and its application
Authors: Ding Hengfei , Li Changpin , Yi Qian 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Compared to the classical first-order Grünwald–Letnikov formula at time $t_{k+1}\; (\text{or}\; t_{k})$, we firstly propose a second-order numerical approximate formula for discretizing the Riemann–Liouvile derivative at time $t_{k+\frac{1}{2}}$, which is very suitable for constructing the Crank–Nicolson scheme for the fractional differential equations with time fractional derivatives. The established formula has the following form RLD0,tαu(t)| t=tk+12=τ−α∑ℓ=0kϖℓ(α)u(tk−ℓτ)+O(τ2),k=0,1,…,α∈(0,1), where the coefficients $\varpi_{\ell}^{(\alpha)}$$(\ell=0,1,\ldots,k)$ can be determined via the following generating function G(z)=(3α+12α−2α+1αz+α+12αz2)α,|z|<1.
Next, applying the formula to the time fractional Cable equations with Riemann–Liouville derivative in one and two space dimensions. Then the high-order compact finite difference schemes are obtained. The solvability, stability and convergence with orders $\mathcal{O}(\tau^2+h^4)$ and $\mathcal{O}(\tau^2+h_x^4+h_y^4)$ are shown, where $\tau$ is the temporal stepsize and $h$, $h_x$, $h_y$ are the spatial stepsizes, respectively. Finally, numerical experiments are provided to support the theoretical analysis.
Evaluation of rectum and bladder dose accumulation from external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy for cervical cancer using two different deformable image registration techniques
Authors: Kadoya Noriyuki , Miyasaka YuYa , Yamamoto Takaya , Kuroda Yoshihiro , Ito Kengo , Chiba Mizuki , Nakajima Yujiro , Takahashi Noriyoshi , Kubozono Masaki , Umezawa Rei , Dobashi Suguru , Takeda Ken , Jingu Keiichi 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
We evaluated dose–volume histogram (DVH) parameters based on deformable image registration (DIR) between brachytherapy (BT) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) that included a center-shielded (CS) plan. Eleven cervical cancer patients were treated with BT, and their pelvic and CS EBRT were studied. Planning CT images for EBRT and BT (except for the first BT, used as the reference image) were deformed with DIR to reference image. We used two DIR parameter settings: intensity-based and hybrid. Mean Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) comparing EBRT with the reference for the uterus, rectum and bladder were 0.81, 0.77 and 0.83, respectively, for hybrid DIR and 0.47, 0.37 and 0.42, respectively, for intensity-based DIR (P &lt; 0.05). D1 cm3 for hybrid DIR, intensity-based DIR and DVH addition were 75.1, 81.2 and 78.2 Gy, respectively, for the rectum, whereas they were 93.5, 92.3 and 94.3 Gy, respectively, for the bladder. D2 cm3 for hybrid DIR, intensity-based DIR and DVH addition were 70.1, 74.0 and 71.4 Gy, respectively, for the rectum, whereas they were 85.4, 82.8 and 85.4 Gy, respectively, for the bladder. Overall, hybrid DIR obtained higher DSCs than intensity-based DIR, and there were moderate differences in DVH parameters between the two DIR methods, although the results varied among patients. DIR is only experimental, and extra care should be taken when comparing DIR-based dose values with dose–effect curves established using DVH addition. Also, a true evaluation of DIR-based dose accumulation would require ground truth data (e.g. measurement with physical phantom).
Constraint on the black hole spin of M87 from the accretion-jet model
Authors: Feng Jianchao , Wu Qingwen 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The millimetre bump, as found in high-resolution multiwaveband observations of M87 by Prieto et al., most possibly comes from the synchrotron emission of thermal electrons in advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF). It is possible to constrain the accretion rate near the horizon if both the nuclear millimetre emission and its polarization are produced by the hot plasma in the accretion flow. The jet power of M87 has been extensively explored, which is around $8_{\rm -3}^{+7}\times 10^{42}$ erg s−1 based on the analysis of the X-ray cavity. The black hole (BH) spin can be estimated if the jet power and the accretion rate near the horizon are known. We model the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) of M87 with a coupled ADAF–jet model surrounding a Kerr BH, where the full set of relativistic hydrodynamical equations of the ADAF are solved. The hybrid jet formation model, as a variant of the Blandford–Znajek model, is used to model the jet power. We find that the SMBH should be fast rotating with a dimensionless spin parameter $a_{*}\simeq 0.98_{\rm -0.02}^{+0.012}$.
Continuing or ceasing bevacizumab beyond progression in recurrent glioblastoma: an exploratory randomized phase II trial
Authors: Hovey Elizabeth J , Field Kathryn M , Rosenthal Mark A , Barnes Elizabeth H , Cher Lawrence , Nowak Anna K , Wheeler Helen , Sawkins Kate , Livingstone Ann , Phal Pramit , Goh Christine , Simes John ,   on behalf of CABARET/COGNO investigators
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with recurrent glioblastoma, the benefit of bevacizumab beyond progression remains uncertain. We prospectively evaluated continuing or ceasing bevacizumab in patients who progressed while on bevacizumab.MethodsCABARET, a phase II study, initially randomized patients to bevacizumab with or without carboplatin (Part 1). At progression, eligible patients underwent a second randomization to continue or cease bevacizumab (Part 2). They could also receive additional chemotherapy regimens (carboplatin, temozolomide, or etoposide) or supportive care.ResultsOf 120 patients treated in Part 1, 48 (80% of the anticipated 60-patient sample size) continued to Part 2. Despite randomization, there were some imbalances in patient characteristics. The best response was stable disease in 7 (30%) patients who continued bevacizumab and 2 (8%) patients who stopped receiving bevacizumab. There were no radiological responses. Median progression-free survival was 1.8 vs 2.0 months (bevacizumab vs no bevacizumab; hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% CI, .59–1.96; P = .81). Median overall survival was 3.4 vs 3.0 months (HR, .84; 95% CI, .47–1.50; P = .56 and HR .70; 95% CI .38–1.29; P = .25 after adjustment for baseline factors). Quality-of-life scores did not significantly differ between arms. While the maximum daily steroid dose was lower in the continuation arm, the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsPatients who continued bevacizumab beyond disease progression did not have clear survival improvements, although the study was not powered to detect other than very large differences. While these data provide the only randomized evidence related to continuing bevacizumab beyond progression in recurrent glioblastoma, the small sample size precludes definitive conclusions and suggests this remains an open question.
Ketamine and Etomidate Down-regulate the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis in an Endotoxemic Mouse Model
Authors: Besnier Emmanuel , Clavier Thomas , Tonon Marie-Christine , Selim Jean , Lefevre-Scelles Antoine , Morin Fabrice , Tamion Fabienne , Dureuil Bertrand , Castel Hélène , Compere Vincent 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
We compared the effects of etomidate and ketamine on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis during sepsis.

Methods
Mice (n = 5/group) were injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg) and 6 h later randomized to receive ketamine (100 mg/kg), etomidate (30 mg/kg), or saline. At two time points (12 and 48 h), messenger RNA levels of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone, pituitary proopiomelanocortin, and four adrenal enzymes (P450 side-chain cleavage, 3β-hydroxysteroid deshydrogenase, 21-hydroxylase, and 11β-hydroxylase) were measured by in situ hybridization (results are presented as optical density), and plasma levels of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropin hormones were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (mean ± SD).

Results
At 12 h, lipopolysaccharide induced an overexpression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (32 ± 5 vs. 18 ± 6, P < 0.01), proopiomelanocortin (21 ± 3 vs. 8 ± 0.9, P < 0.0001), P450 side-chain cleavage (32 ± 4 vs. 23 ± 10, P < 0.05), 21-hydroxylase (17 ± 5 vs. 12 ± 2, P < 0.05), and 11β-hydroxylase (11 ± 4 vs. 6 ± 0.5, P = 0.001), and an elevation of corticosterone (642 ± 165 vs. 98.3 ± 63 ng/ml, P < 0.0001). Etomidate and ketamine reduced P450 side-chain cleavage (19 ± 7 and 19 ± 3 vs. 32 ± 4, P < 0.01), 21-hydroxylase (8 ± 0.8 and 8 ± 1 vs. 17 ± 5, P < 0.001), 11β-hydroxylase (4 ± 0.5 and 7 ± 1 vs. 11 ± 4, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05), and corticosterone (413 ± 189 and 260 ± 161 vs. 642 ± 165 ng/ml, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Ketamine also inhibited adrenocorticotropin hormone production (2.5 ± 3.6 vs. 36 ± 15 pg/ml, P < 0.05). At 48 h, all four adrenal enzymes were down-regulated by lipopolysaccharide administration with corticosterone levels similar to the control group. Ketamine and etomidate did not modify corticosterone plasma levels.

Conclusions
Our endotoxemic model induces an initial activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, followed by a secondary inhibition of adrenal steroidogenesis processes. Ketamine and etomidate inhibit the enzyme expression and activity of the adrenal gland at the early stage.
Influence of Paravertebral Muscle Quality on Treatment Efficacy of Epidural Steroid Infiltration or Surgical Decompression in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis—Analysis of the Lumbar Spinal Outcome Study (LSOS) Data
Authors: Betz Michael , Burgstaller Jakob M. , Held Ulrike , Andreisek Gustav , Steurer Johann , Porchet Francois , Farshad Mazda 
Published: May 2017

Study Design.
Prospective multicenter cohort study.

Objective.
To study the question whether paravertebral muscle quality may affect the clinical outcome of epidural steroid infiltration (ESI) or surgical decompression in patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Summary of Background Data.
To the present, the impact of paravertebral muscle quality on clinical outcome of ESI or surgical decompression in patients with LSS has not been clarified.

Methods.
The Lumbar Stenosis Outcome Study was used as database. Patients with symptomatic LSS who received an ESI (group I) or lumbar decompression surgery (group II), had a follow-up of at least 12 months and a pretreatment lumbar magnetic resonance imaging were included (n = 205). Paravertebral muscle quality was quantified by the degree of fatty degeneration (according to Goutallier) on the level L3. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Spinal Stenosis Measure, Numeric Rating Scale, Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire, and EQ-5D-3L sum score. Reinfiltration, surgery following infiltration, or revision was defined as treatment failure.

Results.
ESI (group I) and surgical treatment (group II) were associated with a failure rate of 60% and 12.7%, respectively. In group I, there was a tendency for the rate of reintervention to be less in patients with bad muscle quality (P = 0.22). In group II, improvements in the clinical outcomes up to 12 months did not differ between Goutallier stage ≤1 and ≥2. Patients with Goutallier stage ≤1 had more improvement in Spinal Stenosis Measure symptoms (P = 0.04).

Conclusion.
Relevant fatty degeneration of the paravertebral musculature, as a sign of low muscle quality, has low impact on clinical outcome and the high failure rates with conservative treatment by ESI compared to surgical decompression. Therefore fatty degeneration has no relevant prognostic value for LSS treatment.

Level of Evidence: 2
Validity of Postmortem Glycated Hemoglobin to Determine Status of Diabetes Mellitus in Corneal Donors
Authors: Soper Mark C. , Marcovina Santica M. , Hoover Caroline K. , Calhoun Peter M. , McCoy Kristen E. , Stoeger Christopher G. , Schmidt Gregory A. , Arafah Baha M. , Price Marianne O. , Szczotka-Flynn Loretta B. , Lass Jonathan H. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To examine the stability of postmortem glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement and its relationship to premortem glycemia.

Methods:
Postmortem blood samples were obtained from 32 donors (8 known diabetic) and shipped on ice to a central laboratory to examine the stability of HbA1c measurements during the first 9 postmortem days. Thirty-nine other suspected diabetic donors underwent comparison of premortem and postmortem HbA1c measurements.

Results:
Postmortem HbA1c measurements remained stable after 9 postmortem days (all measurements within ±0.2% from baseline with a mean difference of 0.02% ± 0.10%). Of the premortem measurements obtained within 90 days before death, 79% were within ±1.0% of the postmortem measurements compared with 40% for measurements more than 90 days apart. Three of the postmortem HbA1c measurements exceeded 6.5% (considered a threshold for diabetes diagnosis), although the medical histories did not indicate any previous diabetes diagnosis.

Conclusions:
Postmortem HbA1c testing is feasible with current eye bank procedures and is reflective of glycemic control of donors during 90 days before death. HbA1c testing could potentially be a useful adjunct to review of the medical history and records for donor assessment for endothelial keratoplasty suitability and long-term graft success.
Ciclovia in a Rural Latino Community: Results and Lessons Learned
Authors: Perry Cynthia K. , Ko Linda K. , Hernandez Lidia , Ortiz Rosa , Linde Sandra 
Published: May 2017

Context:
Ciclovias involve the temporary closure of roads to motorized vehicles, allowing for use by bicyclists, walkers, and runners and for other physical activity. Ciclovias have been held in urban and suburban communities in the United States and Latin America.

Objective:
We evaluated the first ciclovia held in a rural, predominantly Latino community in Washington State.

Setting:
Three blocks within a downtown area in a rural community were closed for 5 hours on a Saturday in July 2015.

Outcome Measures:
The evaluation included observation counts and participant intercept surveys.

Results:
On average, 200 participants were present each hour. Fourteen percent of youth (younger than 18 years) were observed riding bikes. No adults were observed riding bikes. A total of 38 surveys were completed. Respondents reported spending on average 2 hours at the ciclovia. Seventy-nine percent reported that they would have been indoors at home involved in sedentary activities (such as watching TV, working on computer) if they had not been at the ciclovia.

Conclusion:
Regularly held ciclovias, which are free and open to anyone, could play an important role in creating safe, accessible, and affordable places for physical activity in rural areas. Broad community input is important for the success of a ciclovia.
Total Abdominal Wall Transplantation: An Anatomical Study and Classification System
Authors: Light David , Kundu Neilendu , Djohan Risal , Quintini Cristiano , Gandhi Namita , Gastman Brian R. , Drake Richard , Siemionow Maria , Zins James E. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Candidates for multivisceral transplantation present with complex defects often beyond traditional reconstructive options. In this study, the authors describe a dissection technique for a total abdominal wall vascularized composite flap. In addition, the authors suggest a classification system for complex abdominal wall defects.

Methods:
Forty fresh, cadaveric hemiabdomens were dissected, with care taken to preserve the iliofemoral, deep circumflex iliac, superficial circumflex iliac, deep inferior epigastric, and superficial inferior epigastric arteries and corresponding veins. Perfusion patterns of the flaps were then studied using computed tomographic angiography.

Results:
The deep circumflex iliac, superficial circumflex iliac, deep inferior epigastric, and superficial inferior epigastric arteries were identified along a 5-cm cuff of the iliofemoral artery centered on the inguinal ligament. Perfusion with an intact deep circumflex iliac artery yielded improvement in lateral perfusion based on computed tomographic angiography.

Conclusions:
The authors propose an algorithm for abdominal wall reconstruction based on defect size and abdominal wall perfusion, and their technique for harvesting a total vascularized composite abdominal wall flap for allotransplantation. Total abdominal wall transplantation should be considered in the subset of patients already receiving visceral organ transplants who also have concomitant abdominal wall defects.