bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of chitosan on the heat stability of whey protein solution as a function of pH
Authors: Zhao Zhengtao , Xiao Qian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDChitosan was reported to interact with proteins through electrostatic interactions. Their interaction was influenced by pH, which was not fully characterized. Further research on the interactions between protein and chitosan at different pH and their influence on the thermal denaturation of proteins is necessary.RESULTSIn this research, the effect of chitosan on the heat stability of whey protein solution at pH 4.0–6.0 was studied. At pH 4.0, a small amount chitosan was able to prevent the heat‐induced denaturation and aggregation of whey protein molecules. At higher pH values (5.5 and 6.0), whey proteins complexed with chitosan through electrostatic attraction. The formation of chitosan–whey protein complexes at pH 5.5 improved the heat stability of dispersions and no precipitation could be detected up to 20 days. The dispersion with a medium amount of chitosan (chitosan:whey protein 1:5) produced the most stable particles, which had an average radius of 135 ± 14 nm and a zeta potential value of 36 ± 1 mV. In contrast, at pH 6.0 only the dispersion with a high amount of chitosan (chitosan:whey protein 1:2) showed good shelf stability up to 20 days.CONCLUSIONSIt was possible to produce heat‐stable whey protein beverages by regulating the interaction between chitosan and whey protein molecules. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Contribution of yeast and base wine supplementation to sparkling wine composition
Authors: Martí‐Raga Maria , Martín Valentina , Gil Mariona , Sancho Marta , Zamora Fernando , Mas Albert , Beltran Gemma 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe differential characteristic of sparkling wine is the formation of foam, which is dependent, among other factors, on yeast autolysis, aging and oenological practices. In this study, we analyzed the effects of yeast strain, nutrient supplementation to the base wine and aging process on the sparkling wine composition and its foamability.RESULTSWe determined that the addition of inorganic nitrogen promoted nitrogen liberation to the extracellular medium, while the addition of inactive dry yeast to the base wine caused an increase in the polysaccharide concentration and foaming properties of the sparkling wine. The use of synthetic and natural base wines allowed us to discriminate that the differences in high‐molecular‐weight polysaccharides and oligosaccharides could be attributed to the yeast cells and that the higher nitrogen content in the natural wine could be due to external proteolysis.CONCLUSIONThe practices of nitrogen addition and supplementation of inactive dry yeast could modulate the main characteristics of the sparkling wine and be a critical element for the design of this kind of wine. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Carrot juice ingestion attenuates high fructose‐induced circulatory pro‐inflammatory mediators in weanling Wistar rats
Authors: Mahesh Malleswarapu , Bharathi Munugala , Raja Gopal Reddy Mooli , Pappu Pranati , Putcha Uday Kumar , Vajreswari Ayyalasomayajula , Jeyakumar Shanmugam M 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdipose tissue, an endocrine organ, plays a vital role not only in energy homeostasis, but also in the development and/or progression of various metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), via several factors and mechanisms, including inflammation. This study tested, whether carrot juice administration affected the adipose tissue development and its inflammatory status in a high fructose diet‐induced rat model. For this purpose, male weanling Wistar rats were divided into four groups and fed either control or high fructose diet of AIN‐93G composition with or without carrot juice ingestion for an 8 week period.RESULTSAdministration of carrot juice did not affect the adiposity and cell size of visceral fat depot; retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RPWAT), which was corroborated with unaltered expression of genes involved in adipogenic and lipogenic pathways. However, it significantly reduced the high fructose diet‐induced elevation of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) (P ≤ 0.05), macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) (P ≤ 0.01) and high sensitive C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) (P ≤ 0.05) levels.CONCLUSIONCarrot juice administration attenuated the high fructose diet‐induced elevation of levels of circulatory FFA and pro‐inflammatory mediators; MCP1 and hsCRP without affecting the adiposity and cell size of visceral fat depot; RPWAT. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of different fibers on dough properties and biscuit quality
Authors: Blanco Canalis María S , Steffolani María E , León Alberto E , Ribotta Pablo D 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study forms part of a broader project aimed at understanding the role of fibers from different sources in high‐fat, high‐sugar biscuits and at selecting the best fibers for biscuit quality. The main purpose of this work was to understand the rheological and structural properties involved in fiber‐enriched biscuit dough. High‐amylose corn starch (RSII), chemically modified starch (RSIV), oat fiber (OF) and inulin (IN) were used at two different levels of incorporation (6 and 12 g) in dough formulation. The influence of fiber on the properties of biscuit dough was studied via dynamic rheological tests, confocal microscopy and spreading behavior. Biscuit quality was assessed by width/thickness factor, texture and surface characteristics, total dietary fiber and sensory evaluation.RESULTSMain results indicated that IN incorporation increased the capacity of dough spreading during baking and thus improved biscuit quality. OF reduced dough spreading during baking and strongly increased its resistance to deformation. RSII and RSIV slightly affected the quality of the biscuits. Sensory evaluation revealed that the panel liked IN‐incorporated biscuits as much as control biscuits.CONCLUSIONThe increase in total dietary fiber modified dough behavior and biscuit properties, and the extent of these effects depended on the type of fiber incorporated. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of wave delivery methodology for brain MRE: Insights from computational simulations
Authors: McGrath Deirdre M. , Ravikumar Nishant , Beltrachini Leandro , Wilkinson Iain D. , Frangi Alejandro F. , Taylor Zeike A. 
Published: July 2016

PurposeMR elastography (MRE) of the brain is being explored as a biomarker of neurodegenerative disease such as dementia. However, MRE measures for healthy brain have varied widely. Differing wave delivery methodologies may have influenced this, hence finite element‐based simulations were performed to explore this possibility.MethodsThe natural frequencies of a series of cranial models were calculated, and MRE‐associated vibration was simulated for different wave delivery methods at varying frequency, using simple isotropic viscoelastic material models for the brain. Displacement fields and the corresponding brain constitutive properties estimated by standard inversion techniques were compared across delivery methods and frequencies.ResultsThe delivery methods produced widely different MRE displacement fields and inversions. Furthermore, resonances at natural frequencies influenced the displacement patterns. Consequently, some delivery methods led to lower inversion errors than others, and the error on the storage modulus varied by up to 11% between methods.ConclusionWave delivery has a considerable impact on brain MRE reliability. Assuming small variations in brain biomechanics, as recently reported to accompany neurodegenerative disease (e.g., 7% for Alzheimer's disease), the effect of wave delivery is important. Hence, a consensus should be established on a consistent methodology to ensure diagnostic and prognostic consistency. Magn Reson Med 78:341–356, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Field inhomogeneity correction for gradient echo myelin water fraction imaging
Authors: Alonso‐Ortiz Eva , Levesque Ives R. , Paquin Raphaël , Pike G. Bruce 
Published: July 2016

PurposeRecently, the multi‐echo gradient echo (MGRE) sequence has been proposed for multicomponent
(MC
) based myelin water fraction (MWF) mapping. This approach has appeal because it can provide fast whole‐brain coverage, has low specific absorption rate, and short echo spacing. However, the MGRE signal requires correction for accurate MWF mapping, because of its sensitivity to magnetic field inhomogeneities (ΔB0). We propose a ΔB0 correction method for 2D MGRE data obtained for MWF mapping.Theory and MethodsLatter‐echo MGRE data were fit to estimate B0 gradients in the slice‐select direction (
). The decay signal was corrected for the effects of
, and MC
analysis was performed using nonnegative least‐squares fitting. The method was evaluated using simulations and its performance demonstrated in healthy volunteers.ResultsSimulations showed that MWFs are significantly biased in the presence of
and that our correction method leads to accurate MWF estimates. In vivo MWF maps obtained from corrected data showed recovery of MWF estimates in areas of high ΔB0, and overall good agreement with literature values obtained with the reference MC
‐based method.ConclusionA new algorithm was presented for ΔB0 correction of 2D MGRE echo data acquired for MWF imaging. Simulations and in vivo data showed an improvement in MWF estimates. Magn Reson Med 78:49–57, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Single and double acquisition strategies for compensation of artifacts from eddy current and transient oscillation in balanced steady‐state free precession
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Soo , Choi Seung Hong , Park Sung‐Hong 
Published: July 2016

PurposeTo develop single and double acquisition methods to compensate for artifacts from eddy currents and transient oscillations in balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) with centric phase‐encoding (PE) order for magnetization‐prepared bSSFP imaging.Theory and MethodsA single and four different double acquisition methods were developed and evaluated with Bloch equation simulations, phantom/in vivo experiments, and quantitative analyses. For the single acquisition method, multiple PE groups, each of which was composed of N linearly changing PE lines, were ordered in a pseudocentric manner for optimal contrast and minimal signal fluctuations. Double acquisition methods used complex averaging of two images that had opposite artifact patterns from different acquisition orders or from different numbers of dummy scans.ResultsSimulation results showed high sensitivity of eddy‐current and transient‐oscillation artifacts to off‐resonance frequency and PE schemes. The artifacts were reduced with the PE‐grouping with N values from 3 to 8, similar to or better than the conventional pairing scheme of N = 2. The proposed double acquisition methods removed the remaining artifacts significantly. The proposed methods conserved detailed structures in magnetization transfer imaging well, compared with the conventional methods.ConclusionThe proposed single and double acquisition methods can be useful for artifact‐free magnetization‐prepared bSSFP imaging with desired contrast and minimized dummy scans. Magn Reson Med 78:254–263, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Water and fat separation in real‐time MRI of joint movement with phase‐sensitive bSSFP
Authors: Mazzoli Valentina , Nederveen Aart J. , Oudeman Jos , Sprengers Andre , Nicolay Klaas , Strijkers Gustav J. , Verdonschot Nico 
Published: July 2016

PurposeTo introduce a method for obtaining fat‐suppressed images in real‐time MRI of moving joints at 3 Tesla (T) using a bSSFP sequence with phase detection to enhance visualization of soft tissue structures during motion.MethodsThe wrist and knee of nine volunteers were imaged with a real‐time bSSFP sequence while performing dynamic tasks. For appropriate choice of sequence timing parameters, water and fat pixels showed an out‐of‐phase behavior, which was exploited to reconstruct water and fat images. Additionally, a 2‐point Dixon sequence was used for dynamic imaging of the joints, and resulting water and fat images were compared with our proposed method.ResultsThe joints could be visualized with good water–fat separation and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), while maintaining a relatively high temporal resolution (5 fps in knee imaging and 10 fps in wrist imaging). The proposed method produced images of moving joints with higher SNR and higher image quality when compared with the Dixon method.ConclusionsWater–fat separation is feasible in real‐time MRI of moving knee and wrist at 3 T. PS‐bSSFP offers movies with higher SNR and higher diagnostic quality when compared with Dixon scans. Magn Reson Med 78:58–68, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Alternate‐day versus daily energy restriction diets: which is more effective for weight loss? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alhamdan B. A. , Garcia‐Alvarez A. , Alzahrnai A. H. , Karanxha J. , Stretchberry D. R. , Contrera K. J. , Utria A. F. , Cheskin L. J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundAlternate‐day‐fasting (ADF) has been proposed as an effective dieting method. Studies have found that it also can increase life span in rodents, and reduce inflammation in humans. The aim of this paper was to systematically review the efficacy of ADF compared to very‐low‐calorie dieting (VLCD) in terms of weight loss, and reduction of fat mass and fat‐free mass.MethodsSystematic review: PubMed literature searches were performed. Fixed review procedures were applied. Studies were evaluated for quality. Twenty‐eight studies were included. Meta‐analysis: 10/28 studies (four ADF and six matched VLCD) were further analyzed.ResultsAfter adjustment for BMI and duration, there was no significant difference in mean body weight loss (VLCD 0.88 kg more weight loss than ADF, 95% CI: −4.32, 2.56) or fat‐free mass (VLCD 1.69 kg more fat‐free mass loss than ADF, 95% CI: −3.62, 0.23); there was a significant difference observed in fat mass (ADF 3.31 kg more fat mass loss than VLCD, 95% CI: 0.05, 6.56). Meta‐analysis showed that, among ADF studies, the pooled change in body weight, fat mass and fat‐free mass was 4.30 kg (95% CI: 3.41, 5.20), 4.06 kg (95% CI: 2.99, 5.13) and 0.72 kg (95% CI: −0.07, 1.51), respectively, while among VLCD studies, the pooled change was 6.28 kg (95% CI: 6.08, 6.49), 4.22 kg (95% CI: 3.95, 4.50) and 2.24 kg (95% CI: 1.95, 2.52), respectively.ConclusionsOur results from both the systematic review and the meta‐analysis suggest that ADF is an efficacious dietary method, and may be superior to VLCD for some patients because of ease of compliance, greater fat‐mass loss and relative preservation of fat‐free mass. Head‐to‐head randomized clinical trials are needed to further assess relative efficacy of these two approaches.
Development, implementation and outcome analysis of semi‐automated alerts for metformin dose adjustment in hospitalized patients with renal impairment
Authors: Niedrig David , Krattinger Regina , Jödicke Annika , Gött Carmen , Bucklar Guido , Russmann Stefan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeOverdosing of the oral antidiabetic metformin in impaired renal function is an important contributory cause to life‐threatening lactic acidosis. The presented project aimed to quantify and prevent this avoidable medication error in clinical practice.MethodsWe developed and implemented an algorithm into a hospital's clinical information system that prospectively identifies metformin prescriptions if the estimated glomerular filtration rate is below 60 mL/min. Resulting real‐time electronic alerts are sent to clinical pharmacologists and pharmacists, who validate cases in electronic medical records and contact prescribing physicians with recommendations if necessary.ResultsThe screening algorithm has been used in routine clinical practice for 3 years and generated 2145 automated alerts (about 2 per day). Validated expert recommendations regarding metformin therapy, i.e., dose reduction or stop, were issued for 381 patients (about 3 per week). Follow‐up was available for 257 cases, and prescribers' compliance with recommendations was 79%. Furthermore, during 3 years, we identified eight local cases of lactic acidosis associated with metformin therapy in renal impairment that could not be prevented, e.g., because metformin overdosing had occurred before hospitalization.ConclusionsAutomated sensitive screening followed by specific expert evaluation and personal recommendations can prevent metformin overdosing in renal impairment with high efficiency and efficacy. Repeated cases of metformin‐associated lactic acidosis in renal impairment underline the clinical relevance of this medication error. Our locally developed and customized alert system is a successful proof of concept for a proactive clinical drug safety program that is now expanded to other clinically and economically relevant medication errors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aromatization of C5‐rich Light Naphtha Feedstock over Tailored Zeolite Catalysts: Comparison with Model Compounds (n‐C5 ‐ n‐C7)
Authors: Hodala Janardhan L. , Halgeri Anand B. , Shanbhag Ganapati V. , Reddy R. Sudarshan , Choudary Nettem V. , Rao Peddy V.C. , SriGanesh Mr. Gandham , Shah Gitesh , Ravishankar Raman 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this work, aromatization of C5‐rich light naphtha as feedstock obtained from the refinery of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (HPCL) was studied along with n‐hexane (model compound for light naphtha) over non‐noble metal oxide based catalyst; ZnGa/ZSM‐5. Zeolite ZSM‐5 was modified with zinc and gallium by co‐impregnation method. High aromatic yields were obtained over modified ZSM‐5 catalysts due to dissociative chemisorption of alkanes resulting in dehydrogenation/ aromatization. The effect of acid sites on aromatization was studied by varying SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (SAR) of ZSM‐5 and correlated with the temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3‐TPD) studies. Optimized catalyst composition was further used for aromatization of n‐pentane, n‐heptane and light naphtha from a refinery. The Zn‐Ga−H‐ZSM‐5 catalyst produced aromatics in high yields (64.8 % for light naphtha), especially high quantities of toluene with toluene/benzene ratio (T/B) ∼ 2. From the aromatization studies, it could be envisaged that a proper balance of acid sites with dehydrogenation function is required to achieve maximum aromatic yield. Nitrogen was found to be a better carrier gas compared to hydrogen for aromatization of light naphtha.
N‐doped Carbon Nanotubes for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Medium: Synergistic Relationship between Pyridinic and Quaternary Nitrogen
Authors: Rocha Inês M. , Soares O. Salomé G.P. , Fernandes Diana M. , Freire Cristina , Figueiredo José L. , Pereira M. Fernando R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractN‐doped carbon nanotubes (N‐CNTs) prepared using a sustainable methodology based on a ball milling process were applied as catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). From two different N‐doping methodologies using melamine and urea as N‐enriched precursors, resulted in N‐CNTs with surface areas in the range 350–364 m2 g−1, and surface nitrogen contents from 0.2 % to 4.8 %, corresponding to three N‐types: pyridinic, pyrrolic and quarternary. Irreversible cathodic peaks were observed in the cyclic voltammograms of all catalysts in the presence of an O2‐saturated KOH solution, proving their ORR electrocatalytic activity. Onset potentials (Eon) varied from −0.159 to −0.128 V for N‐CNTs, approaching that of Pt/C (−0.124 V). Furthermore, the two best catalysts also exhibited an average number of electrons transferred per O2 of 3.3 and 3.1 e, respectively. These results suggest an O2‐reduction mechanism which is half controlled by the indirect pathway and half determined by the direct pathway. Moreover, the best N‐CNT catalyst exhibited higher durability and methanol tolerance than Pt/C. The correlation between ORR performance data and N‐CNT catalyst composition suggests that the Npyridinic/Nquaternary ratio is more relevant role than the total N content. In fact, the catalysts with the best performance (in terms of Eon and nO2) exhibited the highest Npyridinic/Nquaternary ratio, 5.6 and 3.9 respectively, while their nitrogen contents were 3.1 and 0.8 %.
Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling‐3 as a Drug Target for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Structure‐Guided Approach
Authors: Dumpati Ramakrishna , Dulapalli Ramasree , Kondagari Bhargavi , Ramatenki Vishwanath , Vellanki Santhiprada , Vadija Rajender , Vuruputuri Uma 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe present study treats Suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS‐3) as a novel target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) drug discovery. An in silico 3D structural evaluation and validation of the SOCS‐3 and its cognate receptor, Insulin Receptor Beta (IR−B) was carried out. The active site of SOCS‐3 was identified using computational tools and Protein‐Protein docking with IR−B. The docking study with T2DM drugs and corroborating with the results of virtual screening using small molecules, ratify the residues of the catalytic site of SOCS‐3, i. e. Arg‐71 along with Asp‐72, Ser‐73, Ser‐74, and Asp‐92, to facilitate the binding. The T2DM drugs which belong to Sulfonylureas class show partial affinity towards SOCS‐3. The ligands show acceptable pharmacokinetic properties in terms of Lipinski's rule of 5, Jorgensen's rule of 3, brain/blood partition coefficient, binding to human serum albumin and skin permeability. The identified ligands show good predicted IC50 values and hence can act as SOCS‐3 antagonists. The structural data of SOCS‐3 active site and the identified ligands are useful in development of new T2DM therapeutics.
Alkyl Iodides and [11C]CO in Nickel‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling Reactions: Successful Use of Alkyl Electrophiles containing a β Hydrogen Atom in Metal‐Mediated [11C]Carbonylation
Authors: Rahman Obaidur , Långström Bengt , Halldin Christer 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTransition metal‐mediated cross‐coupling reactions of non‐activated alkyl electrophiles suffer from competing β‐hydride elimination and therefore have limited applications in synthetic organic chemistry. Hereby the first successful use of nickel‐mediated carbonylative cross‐coupling of non‐activated alkyl iodides using [11C]carbon monoxide is presented. The reaction conditions were optimised for the synthesis of N‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)cyclohexane([11C]carbonyl)‐carboxamide. The nickel(0) complex, Ni(COD)2, in the presence of bathophenanthroline in the non‐polar protic solvent tert‐butanol at 100°C offered the highest trapping efficiency (TE) and radiochemical yield (RCY) of 89 % and 72 %, respectively. The applicability of the method was further explored in the syntheses of five additional ([11C]carbonyl)amides (6 a to 6 e in Figure ) and the TE and RCY in the latter cases were 70–90 % and 33–57 %, respectively. The presented method has a potential for the development of 11C‐labelled PET tracers with a carbonyl group connected to an alkyl chain containing β hydrogen.
Calix[4]arenes with Combined Axial Chirality and Inherent Chirality: Synthesis, Absolute Configuration and Chiral Recognition
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Zhen , Ma Hui , Xiang Guang‐Ya , Luo Jun , Chung Wen‐Sheng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCalix[4]arene diastereomeric pairs with combined axial chirality and inherent chirality were readily synthesized via monoalkylation of 1,2‐substituted calix[4]arene crown‐4 incorporating an axially chiral binaphthyl moiety with different electrophiles as a key step. The reaction showed high generality and distinct diastereoselectivity. The easy separation of the diastereomers, the good diastereoselectivity of the reaction, and the poor stereoselectivity of the chiral recognition of diastereomeric pairs were attributed to the remarkable steric effect of the axially chiral binaphthyl moiety. Absolute configurations were determined by X‐ray crystallography.