bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the properties of the obscured hyperluminous quasar COS-87259 at z = 6.853
Authors: Varnava Charalambia , Efstathiou Andreas , Farrah Duncan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
In this paper we explore the properties of the $z=6.853$ obscured hyperluminous quasar COS-87259, discovered in the Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field, with our recently developed Bayesian spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code SMART (Spectral energy distributions Markov chain Analysis with Radiative Transfer models). SMART fits SEDs exclusively with multicomponent radiative transfer models that constitute four different types of pre-computed libraries for the active galactic nucleus (AGN) torus, the starburst, and the spheroidal or disc host. We explore two smooth radiative transfer models for the AGN torus and two two-phase models, in order to put constraints on the AGN fraction of the galaxy, the black hole mass, and its star formation rate (SFR). We find that either of the smooth tapered disc or the two-phase flared disc models provide a good fit to the SED of COS-87259. The best-fitting models predict an AGN fraction in the range $86-92$ per cent, a bolometric AGN luminosity of $5.8-10.3 \times 10^{13} L_\odot$, a black hole mass of $1.8-3.2 \times 10^{9} M_\odot$ (assuming the quasar is accreting at the Eddington limit), and an SFR in the range $1985-2001~M_\odot \rm yr^{-1}$. The predicted space density of such objects in the redshift range $4-7$ is $\sim 20$ times more than that of co-eval unobscured quasars.
Numerical experiments on granulation-generated two-fluid waves and flows in a solar magnetic carpet
Authors: Niedziela R , Murawski K , Srivastava A K 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We consider the effects of granulation with a complex geometry of a magnetic carpet on the genesis of waves and plasma flows in a quiet-region of the solar atmosphere. Our aim is to perform numerical experiments on the self-generated and self-evolving solar granulation in a magnetic carpet representing the parts of the large-scale magnetized solar atmosphere, where waves and flows are basic inherent physical processes occurring continuously. We perform numerical experiments with the use of the joanna code which solves non-ideal and non-adiabatic two-fluid equations for ions + electrons and neutrals treated as two separate fluids. In these experiments, we assume that the plasma is hydrogen, and initially described by magnetohydrostatic equilibrium which is accompanied with a magnetic carpet. Parametric studies with different values of magnetic field show that its higher values result in larger magnitudes of ion-neutral velocity drift, thus ensuring larger heating and plasma flows. The present model addresses that in the highly dynamic solar chromosphere, waves, heating and plasma flows may collectively couple different layers of the solar atmosphere, and this entire process crucially depends on the local plasma and magnetic field properties. We suggest that waves and flows are the natural response of the granulation process in the quiet-Sun.
Magnetic fields under feedback: a case study of the massive star-forming hub G34.26 + 0.15
Authors: Khan Zacariyya Afzal , Pattle Kate , Graves Sarah F 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We present 850 $\mu$m polarized observations of the molecular cloud G34.26 + 0.15 taken using the POL-2 polarimeter mounted on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). G34.26 + 0.15 is a hub–filament system with ongoing high-mass star formation, containing multiple H ii regions. We extend the histogram of relative orientations technique with an alternative application that considers the alignment of the magnetic field to the filaments and a H ii region boundary, denoted as the filament alignment factor ($\xi _{F}$) and the ellipse alignment factor ($\xi _{E}$), respectively. Using these metrics, we find that, although in general the magnetic field aligns parallel to the filamentary structure within the system in the north-west, the magnetic field structure of G34.26 + 0.15 has been radically reshaped by the expansion of an evolved H ii region in the south-east, which itself may have triggered further high-mass star formation in the cloud. Thus, we suggest high-mass star formation is occurring through both mass accretion as per the hub–filament model from one side and compression of gas under stellar feedback from the other. We also use HARP (Heterodyne Array Receiver Program) observations of C$^{18}$O from the CHIMPS survey to estimate the magnetic field strength across the cloud, finding strengths of $\sim$0.5–1.4 mG.
Evolution mapping – II. Describing statistics of the non-linear cosmic velocity field
Authors: Esposito Matteo , Sánchez Ariel G , Bel Julien , Ruiz Andrés N 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We extend the evolution–mapping approach, introduced in the first paper of this series to describe non-linear matter density fluctuations, to statistics of the cosmic velocity field. This framework classifies cosmological parameters into shape parameters, which determine the shape of the linear matter power spectrum, $P_{\rm L}(k, z)$, and evolution parameters, which control its amplitude at any redshift. Evolution–mapping leverages the fact that density fluctuations in cosmologies with identical shape parameters but different evolution parameters exhibit similar non-linear evolutions when expressed as a function of clustering amplitude. We analyse a suite of N-body simulations sharing identical shape parameters but spanning a wide range of evolution parameters. Using a method for estimating the volume-weighted velocity field based on the Voronoi tessellation of simulation particles, we study the non-linear evolution of the velocity divergence power spectrum, $P_{\theta \theta }(k)$, and its cross-power spectrum with the density field, $P_{\delta \theta }(k)$. We demonstrate that the evolution–mapping relation applies accurately to $P_{\theta \theta }(k)$ and $P_{\delta \theta }(k)$. While this breaks down in the strongly non-linear regime, deviations can be modelled in terms of differences in the suppression factor, $g(a) = D(a)/a$, similar to those for the density field. Such modelling describes the differences in $P_{\theta \theta }(k)$ between models with the same linear clustering amplitude to better than 1 per cent accuracy at all scales and redshifts considered. Evolution–mapping simplifies the description of the cosmological dependence of non-linear density and velocity statistics, streamlining the sampling of large cosmological parameter spaces for cosmological analysis.
Exploring massive star early evolution: the case of the Herschel 36 A triple system
Authors: Arias Julia I , Holgado Gonzalo , Gamen Roberto , Morrell Nidia I , Campillay Abdo R 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Theoretical models show that some massive stars have not yet arrived at the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) at the end of the accretion phase. At that time, they have lost their thick envelopes and thus could be optically visible. Although some candidates to optically observable ZAMS stars have been reported, the evolutionary status of none of them has been confirmed yet. The O-type triple system Herschel 36 A (H36A) is one of these candidates. We present the quantitative spectral analysis of the individual stellar components of H36A and investigate the evolutionary status of the system by contrasting main-sequence and pre-main-sequence models. Overall, the derived parameters suggest that the components of H36A could be pre-main-sequence stars going through the very last contraction to the ZAMS. However, the possibility of them already being on the main sequence is not yet ruled out. This study highlights the importance of considering multiple evolutionary models and shows that H36A represents a key object for understanding massive star formation and early evolution.
Probing the cosmic web in Lyα emission over large scales: an intensity mapping forecast for DECaLS/BASS and DESI
Authors: Renard Pablo , Spinoso Daniele , Montero-Camacho Paulo , Sun Zechang , Zou Hu , Cai Zheng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Being the most prominent H i line, Ly$\alpha$ permeates the cosmic web in emission. Despite its potential as a cosmological probe, its detection on large scales remains elusive. We present a new methodology to perform Ly$\alpha$ intensity mapping with broad-band optical images, by cross-correlating them with Ly$\alpha$ forest data using a custom one-parameter estimator. We also develop an analytical large-scale Ly$\alpha$ emission model with two parameters (average luminosity $\langle L_{\rm Ly\alpha } \rangle$ and bias $b_{\rm e}$) that respects observational constraints from quasar (QSO) luminosity functions. We compute a forecast for Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS)/Beijing–Arizona Sky Survey (BASS) g-band images cross-correlated with Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Ly$\alpha$ forest data, setting guidelines for reducing images into Ly$\alpha$ intensity maps. Given the transversal scales of our cross-correlation (26.4 arcmin, $\sim$33 cMpc h−1), our study effectively integrates Ly$\alpha$ emission over all the cosmic volume inside the DESI footprint at $2.2 \lt z \lt 3.4$ (the g-band Ly$\alpha$ redshift range). Over the parameter space ($\langle L_{\rm Ly\alpha } \rangle$, $b_{\rm e}$) sampled by our forecast, we find a 3$\sigma$ of large-scale structure in Ly$\alpha$ likely, with a probability of detection of 23.95 per cent for DESI–DECaLS/BASS, and 54.93 per cent for a hypothetical DESI phase-II with twice as much Ly$\alpha$ QSOs. Without a detection, we derive upper bounds on $\langle L_{\rm Ly\alpha } \rangle$ competitive with optimistic literature estimates [$2.3 \pm 1 \times 10^{\rm 41}$ erg s−1 (cMpc$^3$)−1 for DESI, and $\sim$35 per cent lower for its hypothetical phase-II]. Extrapolation to the DESI-Rubin overlap shows that a detection of large-scale structure with Ly$\alpha$ intensity mapping using next-generation imaging surveys is certain. Such detection would allow constraining $\langle L_{\rm Ly\alpha } \rangle$, and explore the constraining power of Ly$\alpha$ intensity mapping as a cosmological probe.
Recent advances in Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy for glioblastoma
Authors: Khagi Simon , Kotecha Rupesh , Gatson Na Tosha N , Jeyapalan Suriya , Abdullah Huda Ismail , Avgeropoulos Nicholas G , Batzianouli Eleni T , Giladi Moshe , Lustgarten Leonardo , Goldlust Samuel A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy is a locoregional, anticancer treatment consisting of a noninvasive, portable device that delivers alternating electric fields to tumors through arrays placed on the skin. Based on efficacy and safety data from global pivotal (randomized phase III) clinical studies, TTFields therapy (Optune Gio) is US Food and Drug Administration-approved for newly diagnosed (nd) and recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) and Conformité Européenne-marked for grade 4 glioma. Here we review data on the multimodal TTFields mechanism of action that includes disruption of cancer cell mitosis, inhibition of DNA replication and damage response, interference with cell motility, and enhancement of systemic antitumor immunity (adaptive immunity). We describe new data showing that TTFields therapy has efficacy in a broad range of patients, with a tolerable safety profile extending to high-risk subpopulations. New analyses of clinical study data also confirmed that overall and progression-free survival positively correlated with increased usage of the device and dose of TTFields at the tumor site. Additionally, pilot/early phase clinical studies evaluating TTFields therapy in ndGBM concomitant with immunotherapy as well as radiotherapy have shown promise, and new pivotal studies will explore TTFields therapy in these settings. Finally, we review recent and ongoing studies in patients in pediatric care, other central nervous system tumors and brain metastases, as well as other advanced-stage solid tumors (ie, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, gastric, and hepatic cancers), that highlight the broad potential of TTFields therapy as an adjuvant treatment in oncology.
Candidates nomination strategy in a mixed electoral system: Evidence from the 2022 Italian general election
Authors: Boldrini Matteo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Despite the significant attention that scientific literature has dedicated to candidate selection mechanisms, relatively few studies have delved into which characteristics influence candidate positioning on the list. Social scientists have primarily focussed on factors shaping a candidate’s career rather than those affecting their placement on the list. Placement is a crucial factor in mixed or proportionally representative electoral systems with closed-list structures. Through a multivariate statistical analysis applied to an original dataset on candidates from major parties, this article aims to fill this gap in the literature by analysing candidates in the list during the 2022 Italian political elections. The results suggest that factors such as incumbency, previous national career, and the level of local rootedness favour placement on the list in positions where the chance of election seems more realistic. Conversely, gender favours placement in positions where the chances of election are less realistic. Additionally, dual candidacy in both the proportional and majoritarian parts also appear to have a positive effect; however, its interaction effects with other variables are less clear.
The DYRKP1 kinase regulates cell wall degradation in Chlamydomonas by inducing matrix metalloproteinase expression
Authors: Kim Minjae , Jorge Gabriel Lemes , Aschern Moritz , Cuiné Stéphan , Bertrand Marie , Mekhalfi Malika , Putaux Jean-Luc , Yang Jae-Seong , Thelen Jay J , Beisson Fred , Peltier Gilles , Li-Beisson Yonghua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The cell wall of plants and algae is an important cell structure that protects cells from changes in the external physical and chemical environment. This extracellular matrix, composed of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, must be constantly remodeled throughout the life cycle. However, compared to matrix polysaccharides, little is known about the mechanisms regulating the formation and degradation of matrix glycoproteins. We report here that a plant kinase belonging to the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRKP1) family present in all eukaryotes regulates cell wall degradation after mitosis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by inducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Without DYRKP1, daughter cells cannot disassemble parental cell walls and remain trapped inside for more than 10 days. On the other hand, the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase complementation lines show normal degradation of the parental cell wall. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses indicate a marked downregulation of MMP gene expression and accumulation, respectively, in the dyrkp1 mutants. The mutants deficient in matrix metalloproteinases retain palmelloid structures for a longer time than the background strain, like dyrkp1 mutants. Our findings show that dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase, by ensuring timely MMP expression, enables the successful execution of the cell cycle. Altogether, this study provides insight into the life cycle regulation in plants and algae.
Reply to the Comment on “A New Boson Expansion Theory Utilizing a Norm Operator”
Authors: Taniguchi Kimikazu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The comment is based on misunderstandings and, as a result, does not evaluate the norm operator method. We refute the comment. The structure of the norm operator composed of all the excitation modes determines whether the form of a practical boson expansion is a small parameter expansion. KT-3 is chimerical. It should be taken seriously that the small parameter expansions do not hold with truncating the contributions of all phonon excitation modes that are not adopted as boson excitations. The formulation using the boson expansion of the projection operator on to the boson vacuum does not allow the limitation of the phonon excitation number beforehand.
The Gender Investment Gap over the Life Cycle
Authors: Bacher Annika 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Single women invest less in risky assets than do single men. This paper analyzes the determinants of the “gender investment gap” based on a structural life-cycle framework. The model can rationalize the gender investment gap without gender heterogeneity in preferences. Rather, lower deterministic income and larger household sizes shift the composition of single women toward poorer households that invest less risky (composition effect). Additionally, future outcomes of both variables (which cannot easily be controlled for in regressions) make single women more vulnerable to financial shocks and decrease their optimal equity share even conditional on state variables (policy effect).
Diffusion tensor imaging of vastus lateralis in patients with inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Saran Sonal , Nandolia Khanak , Baweja Ashish , Pai Venkatesh S , Kumar Mritunjai , Botchu Rajesh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Inflammation in patients with myositis would increase diffusion of water molecules across sarcolemma that could be detected with the help of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We aimed to determine an association between DTI of vastus lateralis (VL) and histopathological findings in cases of myositis and to estimate diagnostic performance of different MRI variables in predicting histopathological outcomes.

Methods
This prospective cross-sectional observational study included 43 patients with myositis. MRI of bilateral thighs with DWI/DTI protocol was performed in all the patients. Thirty-three patients further underwent biopsy of right VL muscle. Imaging analysis included grading of ‘muscle oedema’ based on signal intensity (SI) and extent and ‘fatty infiltration’ based on extent on conventional sequences and, acquiring DWI and DTI parameters. Gold standard method to determine inflammation in muscles was histopathological examination. Comparison of DTI/DWI variables with clinical and histopathological variables was done.

Results
The average DWI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and DTI ADC values in the patients were 1.77 ± 0.35 and 2.06 ± 0.35, respectively. The average functional anisotropy (FA) was 0.39 ± 0.17 and, the three eigenvalues in the patients were 2.96 ± 0.63, 2.05 ± 0.32 and 1.20 ± 0.39, respectively. VL oedema SI weighted score was the best parameter for predicting effaced fascicular architecture and marked lymphocytic inflammation in endomysium on histopathology. VL fatty infiltration weighted score was the best parameter in predicting perifascicular atrophy.

Conclusion
Addition of DWI or DTI did not add significantly in determining active inflammation in cases of myositis.
Monte Carlo simulation study of the effect of thyroid shielding on radiation dose in dental cone beam CT in an adult male phantom
Authors: Chen Guolin , Yin Yuchen , Sun Liang , Tang Zichun , Chen Jianguo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of thyroid collars on radiation dose during dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations and to calculate the effective dose underestimated for the actual CBCT examination due to accounting only for the head and neck. Three thyroid collar models that covered the surface of the phantom were established according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) adult-male mesh-type reference computational phantoms, and a Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System was used to calculate the equivalent and effective doses of ICRP phantom when different thyroid shielding protocols were used in NewTom VGi evo CBCT, considering one medium (12 × 8 cm) and one small (8 × 5 cm) fields of view (FOVs), and two centre positions were used for each FOV. In four CBCT scanning scenarios, thyroid shielding reduced the equivalent dose for many tissues. The results indicate that the portion of the thyroid collar that wraps around the neck has the main role in reducing the effective dose during dental CBCT examinations, and the higher the axial level of the top of the shielding, the better the effectiveness of the shielding. In this study, the underestimation of the effective dose due to considering only the head and neck was 3.1%–8.1%, and the underestimation was more pronounced in larger FOVs.
Safety and tolerability of a Muse cell-based product in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with therapeutic hypothermia (SHIELD trial)
Authors: Sato Yoshiaki , Shimizu Shinobu , Ueda Kazuto , Suzuki Toshihiko , Suzuki Sakiko , Miura Ryosuke , Ando Masahiko , Tsuda Kennosuke , Iwata Osuke , Muramatsu Yukako , Kidokoro Hiroyuki , Hirakawa Akihiro , Hayakawa Masahiro ,   the SHEILD team, Yue Xu , Goto Ryoko , Kanzawa Takahiro , Hashimoto Yuki , Tanaka Ryuichi , Taniguchi Akinobu , Aoyama Aiko , Kotani Atsuna , Tanahashi Yoshihiro , Shoji Go , Saito Akiko , Ito Miharu , Muramatsu Kanji , Yoshikane Masatoshi , Tanimura Tomoshige , Kawase Koya , Tanaka Taihei , Ueda Kentaro , Hayashi Seiji , Sahashi Takeshi , Sugiyama Yuichiro , Ikari Azuma , Hattori Tetsuo , Kato Yuichi , Oshiro Makoto , Uchizono Hiromasa , Matsuyama Nao , Fujita Yumi , Suetake Yukihiro , Matsui-Hirai Hisako , Nishimura Chiho , Watarai Yasuko , Hayashi Naoko , Katayama Akemi , Kobayashi Yumiko , Kinoshita Fumie , Mizuno Masaaki , Yamamoto Toshimichi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), associated with high mortality and neurological sequelae, lacks established treatment except therapeutic hypothermia. Clinical-grade multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells (CL2020) demonstrated safety and efficacy in nonclinical HIE rat models, thereby leading to an investigator-initiated clinical trial to evaluate CL2020 safety and tolerability in neonatal HIE as a single-center open-label dose-escalation study with 9 neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE who received therapeutic hypothermia. Each patient received a single intravenous injection of CL2020 cells between 5 and 14 days of age. The low-dose (3 patients) and high-dose (6 patients) groups received 1.5 × 106 and 1.5 × 107 cells/dose, respectively. The occurrence of any adverse event within 12 weeks following CL2020 administration was the primary endpoint of this trial. No significant changes in physiological signs including heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were observed during or after administration. The only adverse event that may be related to cell administration was a mild γ-glutamyltransferase level elevation in one neonate, which spontaneously resolved without any treatment. All patients enrolled in the trial survived, and normal developmental quotients (≥ 85) in all 3 domains of the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001 were observed in 67% of the patients in this trial. CL2020 administration was demonstrated to be safe and tolerable for neonates with HIE. Considering the small number of patients, a randomized controlled confirmatory study is warranted to verify these preliminary findings and evaluate the efficacy of this therapy.