bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organ Donation Video Messaging in Motor Vehicle Offices: Results of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Rodrigue James R. , Fleishman Aaron , Fitzpatrick Sean , Boger Matthew 
Published: December 2015

Context— Since nearly all registered organ donors in the United States signed up via a driver's license transaction, motor vehicle (MV) offices represent an important venue for organ donation education. Objective— To evaluate the impact of organ donation video messaging in MV offices. Design— A 2-group (usual care vs usual care + video messaging) randomized trial with baseline, intervention, and follow-up assessment phases. Setting— Twenty-eight MV offices in Massachusetts. Intervention— Usual care comprised education of MV clerks, display of organ donation print materials (ie, posters, brochures, signing mats), and a volunteer ambassador program. The intervention included video messaging with silent (subtitled) segments highlighting individuals affected by donation, playing on a recursive loop on monitors in MV waiting rooms. Main Outcome Measures— Aggregate monthly donor designation rates at MV offices (primary) and percentage of MV customers who registered as donors after viewing the video (secondary). Results— Controlling for baseline donor designation rate, analysis of covariance showed a significant group effect for intervention phase ( F= 7.3, P= .01). The usual-care group had a significantly higher aggregate monthly donor designation rate than the intervention group had. In the logistic regression model of customer surveys (n = 912), prior donor designation (β = −1.29, odds ratio [OR] = 0.27 [95% CI = 0.20–0.37], P < .001), white race (β = 0.57 OR = 1.77 [95% CI = 1.23–2.54], P = .002), and viewing the intervention video (β = 0.73, OR = 1.54 [95% CI = 1.24–2.60], P= .01) were statistically significant predictors of donor registration on the day of the survey. Conclusion— The relatively low uptake of the video intervention by customers most likely contributed to the negative trial finding.
Simple method of improving harvest by nonthermal air plasma irradiation of seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.)
Authors: Koga Kazunori , Thapanut Sarinont , Amano Takaaki , Seo Hyunwoong , Itagaki Naho , Hayashi Nobuya , Shiratani Masaharu 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We have studied the effects of air nonthermal plasma irradiation of seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) on their growth from the beginning of cultivation to their harvest. Three minute plasma irradiation of dry seeds resulted in growth acceleration in all the growth stages. Compared with the control, the plasma irradiation led to an 11% shorter harvest period, a 56% increase in total seed weight, a 12% increase in each seed weight, and a 39% increase in seed number.
Global parameterization and validation of a two‐leaf light use efficiency model for predicting gross primary production across FLUXNET sites
Authors: Zhou Yanlian , Wu Xiaocui , Ju Weimin , Chen Jing M. , Wang Shaoqiang , Wang Huimin , Yuan Wenping , Andrew Black T. , Jassal Rachhpal , Ibrom Andreas , Han Shijie , Yan Junhua , Margolis Hank , Roupsard Olivier , Li Yingnian , Zhao Fenghua , Kiely Gerard , Starr Gregory , Pavelka Marian , Montagnani Leonardo , Wohlfahrt Georg , D'Odorico Petra , Cook David , Arain M. Altaf , Bonal Damien , Beringer Jason , Blanken Peter D. , Loubet Benjamin , Leclerc Monique Y. , Matteucci Giorgio , Nagy Zoltan , Olejnik Janusz , Paw U Kyaw Tha , Varlagin Andrej 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLight use efficiency (LUE) models are widely used to simulate gross primary production (GPP). However, the treatment of the plant canopy as a big leaf by these models can introduce large uncertainties in simulated GPP. Recently, a two‐leaf light use efficiency (TL‐LUE) model was developed to simulate GPP separately for sunlit and shaded leaves and has been shown to outperform the big‐leaf MOD17 model at six FLUX sites in China. In this study we investigated the performance of the TL‐LUE model for a wider range of biomes. For this we optimized the parameters and tested the TL‐LUE model using data from 98 FLUXNET sites which are distributed across the globe. The results showed that the TL‐LUE model performed in general better than the MOD17 model in simulating 8 day GPP. Optimized maximum light use efficiency of shaded leaves (εmsh) was 2.63 to 4.59 times that of sunlit leaves (εmsu). Generally, the relationships of εmsh and εmsu with εmax were well described by linear equations, indicating the existence of general patterns across biomes. GPP simulated by the TL‐LUE model was much less sensitive to biases in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) input than the MOD17 model. The results of this study suggest that the proposed TL‐LUE model has the potential for simulating regional and global GPP of terrestrial ecosystems, and it is more robust with regard to usual biases in input data than existing approaches which neglect the bimodal within‐canopy distribution of PAR.
Climatology of summer Shamal wind in the Middle East
Authors: Yu Yan , Notaro Michael , Kalashnikova Olga V. , Garay Michael J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Middle Eastern Shamal is a strong north‐northwesterly wind, capable of lifting dust from the Tigris‐Euphrates basin and transporting it to the Persian Gulf and Arabian Peninsula. The present study explores the poorly understood spatial and temporal variability of summer Shamal on the diurnal, seasonal, and interannual time scales, along with its influence on dust storm activity and sensitivity to global patterns of sea surface temperature using a comprehensive set of observational data. Statistics of the summer Shamal season are quantified for the first time, including its onset, termination, duration, and the occurrence of distinct break periods. Based on a multistation criteria, the mean onset and termination of the Shamal season occur on 30 May ± 16 days (1 standard deviation) and 16 August ± 22 days, respectively. Anomalously early (late) onset and termination of the Shamal season are typically associated with La Niña (El Niño) conditions, which favor (inhibit) the development of the Iranian heat low in spring and inhibit (favor) its persistence into late summer. Dust source regions in the Tigris‐Euphrates basin and Kuwait, as well as southeastward dust transport during the summer Shamal, which cannot be detected by satellite aerosol products alone, are identified, for the first time, from the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer plume motion vector products and confirmed by surface observations and lidar data. A close interrelationship has been revealed among summertime dust activity across the eastern Arabian Peninsula, frequency of Shamal days, and duration of the Shamal season on the interannual time scales.
Dynamic, structured heterogeneity of water isotopes inside hillslopes
Authors: Oshun Jasper , Dietrich William E. , Dawson Todd E. , Fung Inez 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUse of the stable isotopes of water (δD, δ18O) to determine vegetative water sources, runoff paths, and residence times generally assumes that, other than shallow evaporative enrichment, the isotopic composition of precipitation is conserved as it travels through the subsurface to the stream channel. Here we follow rainfall through a thick (up to 25m) vadose zone of soil, saprolite, and weathered bedrock mostly composed of argillite, and underlying a steep (32°) forested hillslope. We discover a persistent structured heterogeneity of water isotopes inside the hillslope. Summer dry season causes evaporative enrichment of the soil, but not in the saprolite and weathered bedrock. In winter, the mobile water, generated by successive rainstorms with widely varying isotopic composition, mixes in the vadose zone, elevating soil and rock moisture content, and eventually recharging the groundwater with isotopically invariant water similar to the seasonally averaged rainfall. Yet throughout the winter the less mobile winter soil and rock moisture remains relatively light, and water extracted from the interior of argillite lies well to the left of the local meteoric water line. This persistently light composition of soil and rock moisture and the deviation from average meteoric values suggest that subsurface fractionation, or the inheritance of paleo‐meteoric rock moisture associated with rock uplift may lead to large enduring isotopic differences between high and low mobility water. These differences suggest that the use of water isotopes as tracers must consider the possibility of subsurface isotopic evolution and the influence of exchange with more tightly held water.
A meteorological and snow observational data set from Snoqualmie Pass (921 m), Washington Cascades, USA
Authors: Wayand Nicholas E. , Massmann Adam , Butler Colin , Keenan Eric , Stimberis John , Lundquist Jessica D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe introduce a quality controlled observational atmospheric, snow, and soil data set from Snoqualmie Pass, Washington, USA, to enable testing of hydrometeorological and snow process representations within a rain‐snow transitional climate where existing observations are sparse and limited. Continuous meteorological forcing (including air temperature, total precipitation, wind speed, specific humidity, air pressure, and short and longwave irradiance) are provided at hourly intervals for a 24 year historical period (water years 1989–2012) and at half‐hourly intervals for a more recent period (water years 2013–2015), separated based on the availability of observations. The majority of missing data were filled with biased‐corrected reanalysis model values (using NLDAS). Additional observations include 40 years of snow board new snow accumulation, multiple measurements of total snow depth, and manual snow pits, while more recent years include subdaily surface temperature, snowpack drainage, soil moisture and temperature profiles, and eddy covariance‐derived turbulent heat flux. This data set is ideal for testing hypotheses about energy balance, soil, and snow processes in the rain‐snow transition zone.
Synthesis of poly(ester amide)s composed of lactic acid and glycolic acid units by the bulk polycondensation of metal halide salts
Authors: Murase Sara K. , Puiggalí Jordi 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThermal polycondensation of the potassium salt of N‐methylchloroacetyl‐6‐aminohexanoic acid (LAHK) was found to be effective in the preparation of a new poly(ester amide) based on lactic acid units with a high yield and a moderate molecular weight. The reaction started in the solid state and proceeded through the formation of potassium chloride salt as the driving force. The use of a monomer having an amide linkage diminished the secondary reactions previously found in the synthesis of polylactide from 2‐halogenopropionates. The polymerization of potassium salt of N‐chloroacetyl‐6‐aminohexanoic acid (GAHK) took place in a similar temperature range as that of the 2‐chloropropionyl derivative; in this way, it was possible to conduct the copolymerization processes. The polymerization kinetics of LAHK and its mixture with GAHK was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The bulk polycondensation reaction was faster for GAHK than for LAHK, but the kinetic differences were not significant enough to prevent copolymerization at a temperature close to 160°C. Therefore, new degradable materials with tuned properties according to the glycolic acid/lactic acid content were obtained. 1H‐NMR spectroscopy was useful for following the time evolution of the copolymerization process and for determining the final composition. Calorimetric data showed that all of the samples were thermally stable and that decreases in the melting temperature and enthalpy were observed at intermediate compositions. The existence of an eutectic point became proof that effective copolymerization was achieved in the thermal polycondensation process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43197.
Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) abundance within the Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary, Scotland: recent trends and extrapolation to extinction
Authors: Hanson Nora , Thompson Dave , Duck Callan , Baxter John , Lonergan Mike 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Aerial surveys have detected alarming declines in counts of harbour seals in several regions across Scotland.
Demographic data and simple models were used to examine the recent decline in the numbers of harbour seals counted in one population within a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) on the east coast of Scotland. The models suggest that the continuation of current trends would result in the species effectively disappearing from this area within the next 20 years.
While the cause of the decline is unknown, it must be reducing adult survival because the high rate of decline cannot be wholly accounted for by changes in other demographic parameters.
Recovery of the population to the abundance recorded at the time the SAC was designated (2005) is likely to take at least 40 years, even if the cause of the decline is immediately identified and removed.
The models suggest that partial removal of the cause can have only limited benefits to population recovery, and there are unlikely to be any long‐term benefits from introducing or reintroducing additional individuals while the underlying problem persists. Therefore, if the population of harbour seals in this area is to recover it is essential that the sources of the increased mortality are identified and measures are put in place to manage these.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth signalobody selects functional intrabodies in the mammalian cytoplasm
Authors: Lee Songhee , Kaku Yoshihiro , Inoue Satoshi , Nagamune Teruyuki , Kawahara Masahiro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA versatile strategy to inhibit protein functions in the cytoplasmic environment is eagerly anticipated for drug discovery. In this study, we demonstrate a novel system to directly select functional intrabodies from a library in the mammalian cytoplasm. In this system, a target homo‐oligomeric antigen is expressed together with a single‐chain Fv (scFv) library that is linked to the cytoplasmic domain of a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) in the cytoplasm of murine interleukin‐3 (IL‐3)‐dependent cells. As the tyrosine kinase is activated by dimerization, only scFv‐RTK clones that can bind to the target antigen would be oligomerized and transduce a growth signal under the IL‐3‐deprived condition, which leads to selection of functional intrabodies. To demonstrate this system, we used rabies virus phosphoprotein (RV‐P) that forms dimers in the cytoplasm as a target antigen. As a result, functional intrabodies were selected using our system from a naïve scFv library as well as from a pre‐selected anti‐RV‐P library generated by phage display. This system may be applied for screening intrabodies that can prevent progression of various severe diseases.
Bridging the gap between PAT concepts and implementation: An integrated software platform for fermentation
Authors: Chopda Viki R , Gomes James , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBioreactor control significantly impacts both the amount and quality of the product being manufactured. The complexity of the control strategy that is implemented increases with reactor size, which may vary from thousands to tens of thousands of litres in commercial manufacturing. The Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative has highlighted the need for having robust monitoring tools and effective control schemes that are capable of taking real time information about the critical quality attributes (CQA) and the critical process parameters (CPP) and executing immediate response as soon as a deviation occurs. However, the limited flexibility that present commercial software packages offer creates a hurdle. Visual programming environments have gradually emerged as potential alternatives to the available text based languages. This paper showcases development of an integrated programme using a visual programming environment for a Sartorius BIOSTAT® B Plus 5L bioreactor through which various peripheral devices are interfaced. The proposed programme facilitates real‐time access to data and allows for execution of control actions to follow the desired trajectory. Major benefits of such integrated software system include: (i) improved real time monitoring and control; (ii) reduced variability; (iii) improved performance; (iv) reduced operator‐training time; (v) enhanced knowledge management; and (vi) easier PAT implementation.
150 Jahre Mendel
Authors: Hoßfeld Uwe , Simunek Michal V. , Levit Georgy S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAufgrund seiner systematischen Versuche mit Pflanzenmaterial begründete in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts der Augustinermönch Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884) mit seinem Vortrag “Versuche über Pflanzen‐Hybriden” (1865) eine neue Forschungsrichtung innerhalb der modernen Biologie (Genetik). Die Rezeption dieses neuen Paradigmas in einzelnen Wissenschaftsbereichen verlief unterschiedlich und erhielt erst nach der “Wiederentdeckung” seiner Gesetze um 1900 die entsprechende Würdigung.
Intravenous high‐dose interferon with or without maintenance treatment in melanoma at high risk of recurrence: meta‐analysis of three trials
Authors: Malczewski Agnieszka , Marshall Andrea , Payne Miranda J. , Mao Lili , Bafaloukos Dimitrios , Si Lu , Pectasides Dimitrios , Fountzilas George , Guo Jun , Gogas Helen , Middleton Mark R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractResected stage IIB–IIIC malignant melanoma has a poor prognosis with a high risk of relapse and death. Treatment with adjuvant interferon alfa‐2b (IFN‐α‐2b) is associated with improved relapse‐free and overall survivals (OS), but the most appropriate dose and duration of treatment are unknown. In this article, we present an individual patient data random effects meta‐analysis of melanoma patients from the U.K., Greek, and Chinese randomized trials. All patients were randomized either to IFN‐α‐2b 15–20 MIU/m2 IV daily 5 days per week for 4 weeks (IV) or to the same regimen followed by IFN‐α‐2b 9–10 MIU/m2 administered three times per week for 48 weeks (IV and SC). Allowing for dose interruptions and reductions, an equivalent total dose of IFN‐α‐2b was delivered in all three studies. We assessed whether IV was noninferior to IV and SC in terms of relapse‐free survival (RFS) and investigated tumor and patient characteristics that impacted on outcomes. Median follow‐up of 716 stage IIB–IIIC patients was 5.4 years. Noninferiority of IV compared to IV and SC could not be conferred for RFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–1.52; noninferior P = 0.17). Stage (P < 0.0001), site (acral vs. other, P < 0.0001), and Breslow thickness (P = 0.02) were significant predictors of RFS. The HR for death was 1.13 for IV compared to IV and SC, (95% CI 0.91–1.39). Stage (P < 0.0001) and Breslow thickness (P = 0.001) were significant independent predictors of OS. The available data suggest that where adjuvant high‐dose interferon is being considered there is no evidence to deviate from the year long regimen described in the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group and Intergroup studies.
Accumulative eschar after burn
Authors: Ma Fushun 
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical MessageEschar formation is a potential sequela of burn injuries. Definitive management may include escharectomy and eschar debridement. After eschar removal, the wound can be covered with a skin graft or reepithelialization. For prolonged refractory eschar on the fingertips, topical use of rb‐bFGF after debridement can achieve an optimal outcome.
Ogilvie's syndrome after rectal prolapse repair and total hemorrhoidectomy: Case report and Discussion
Authors: Pervaiz Omer 
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical MessageThis case highlights the rare diagnosis of Ogilvie's syndrome after minor surgery in a private hospital where facilities and expertise are generally sparse. It shows the importance of knowledge of the subject, proper assessment, accurate diagnosis, and early input from seniors is crucial to prevent ischemia and perforation of colon that carries high mortality.
Liquid Nickel Salts: Synthesis, Crystal Structure Determination, and Electrochemical Synthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Sniekers Jeroen , Verguts Ken , Brooks Neil R. , Schaltin Stijn , Phan Thanh Hai , Trung Huynh Thi Mien , Van Meervelt Luc , De Feyter Steven , Seo Jin Won , Fransaer Jan , Binnemans Koen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNew nickel‐containing ionic liquids were synthesized, characterized and their electrochemistry was investigated. In addition, a mechanism for the electrochemical synthesis of nanoparticles from these compounds is proposed. In these so‐called liquid metal salts, the nickel(II) cation is octahedrally coordinated by six N‐alkylimidazole ligands. The different counter anions that were used are bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Tf2N−), trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf−) and methanesulfonate (OMs−). Several different N‐alkylimidazoles were considered, with the alkyl sidechain ranging in length from methyl to dodecyl. The newly synthesized liquid metal salts were characterized by CHN analysis, FTIR, DSC, TGA and viscosity measurements. An odd‐even effect was observed for the melting temperatures and viscosities of the ionic liquids, with the complexes with an even number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain of the imidazole having a higher melting temperature and a lower viscosity than the complexes with an odd number of carbons. The crystal structures of several of the nickel(II) complexes that are not liquid at room temperature were determined. The electrochemistry of the compounds with the lowest viscosities was investigated. The nickel(II) cation could be reduced but surprisingly no nickel deposits were obtained on the electrode. Instead, nickel nanoparticles were formed at 100 % selectivity, as confirmed by TEM. The magnetic properties of these nanoparticles were investigated by SQUID measurements.
Utility of fine needle aspiration cytology to comprehend the pathogenesis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Narang Shveta , Solanki Anjali , Kashyap Surender , Rani Lekha 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundFine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a precise, cost‐effective, and minimal invasive technique for diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). This study was aimed to analyze clinical and cytological characteristics of EPTB with particular emphasis on pathogenesis.MethodsThis was a retrospective study analyzing 237 cases of EPTB diagnosed on FNAC. Depending on the presence of necrosis and granulomas, cases were divided into three classes. Association of cytomorphology with positivity for acid‐fast bacilli was analyzed by Chi‐square test to demonstrate any specific pattern.ResultsMajority of our patients diagnosed as EPTB (73.8%) were young with male‐to‐female ratio of 1:1.3. The mean age was 23.2 years (age range 9 months to 81 years). The most frequent site involved was lymph node (89.5%) with predilection for cervical lymph nodes (81.4%). The extranodal sites affected were breast, abdominal wall, chest wall, salivary glands, soft tissue, bone, and genitourinary tract. Detailed cytological examination revealed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation as most common pattern (43%). Acid‐fast bacilli were detected only in 43.5% of the cases and bacilli detection was more frequently associated with necrotizing lesions (64.9%). Non‐necrotizing lesions showed AFB positivity only in 7.4% of the cases.ConclusionTo achieve the goal of tuberculosis eradication, it is essential to understand its different forms of clinical presentation and detailed pathogenesis including host factors, host–pathogen interaction, and molecular mechanisms. Cytomorphological features of the representative lesions might be valuable in providing clues regarding possible pathogenetic mechanisms. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:98–102. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.