bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salaterpene E, a eudesmane-type sesquiterpene from Salacia longipes var. camerunensis
Authors: Mba’ning Brice Mittérant , Ndjakou Bruno Lenta , Talontsi Ferdinand Mouafo , Lannang Alain Meli , Dittrich Birger , Ngouela Silvère Augustin , Tsamo Etienne , Sewald Norbert , Laatsch Hartmut 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A mixture of two compounds with potent antiplasmodial activity in vitro against the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum (half maximal inhibitory concentration, 1.12 μg/mL) was obtained in a previous investigation of the CH2Cl2-MeOH extract of the seeds of Salacia longipes var. camerunensis. Separation by column chromatography led now to the isolation of salaterpene E (1) and (1R,2R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9S,10R)-2-acetoxy-1,6,9-tribenzoyloxy-4-hydroxy-dihydro-β-agarofuran (2). The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and its absolute configuration was established unambiguously by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Also the absolute configurations of the recently described salaterpenes A (2a) and D (2b) were determined by this method using the anomalous scattering of the oxygen atoms only.
Peptide production and secretion in GLUTag, NCI-H716, and STC-1 cells: a comparison to native L-cells
Authors: Kuhre Rune Ehrenreich , Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai Jacob , Deacon Carolyn Fiona , Balk-Møller Emilie , Rehfeld Jens Frederik , Reimann Frank , Gribble Fiona Mary , Holst Jens Juul 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGLUTag, NCI-H716, and STC-1 are cell lines that are widely used to study mechanisms underlying secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), but the extent to which they resemble native L-cells is unknown. We used validated immunoassays for 14 different hormones to analyze peptide content (lysis samples;n= 9 from different passage numbers) or peptide secretion in response to buffer (baseline), and after stimulation with 50 mM KCl or 10 mM glucose + 10 µM forskolin/3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (n= 6 also different passage numbers). All cell lines produced and processed proglucagon into GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin, and oxyntomodulin in a pattern (prohormone convertase (PC)1/3 dependent) similar to that described for human gut. All three cell lines showed basal secretion of GLP-1 and GLP-2, which increased after stimulation. In contrast to freshly isolated murine L-cells, all cell lines also expressed PC2 and secreted large amounts of pancreatic glucagon. Neurotensin and somatostatin storage was low and secretion was not consistently increased by stimulation. STC-1 cells released more glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide than GLP-1 at baseline (P< 0.01) and KCl elevated its secretion (P< 0.05). Peptide YY, which normally co-localizes with GLP-1 in distal L-cells, was not detected in any of the cell lines. GLUTag and STC-1 cells also expressed vasoactive intestinal peptide, but none expressed pancreatic polypeptide or insulin. GLUTag contained and secreted large amounts of CCK, while NCI-H716 did not store this peptide and STC-1 contained low amounts. Our results show that hormone production in cell line models of the L-cell has limited similarity to the natural L-cells.
Promotion of Positive Parenting and Prevention of Socioemotional Disparities
Authors: Weisleder Adriana , Cates Carolyn Brockmeyer , Dreyer Benard P. , Berkule Johnson Samantha , Huberman Harris S. , Seery Anne M. , Canfield Caitlin F. , Mendelsohn Alan L. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE:
The goal of this study was to determine what effects pediatric primary care interventions, focused on promotion of positive parenting through reading aloud and play, have on the socioemotional development of toddlers from low-income, primarily immigrant households.

METHODS:
This randomized controlled trial included random assignment to 1 of 2 interventions (Video Interaction Project [VIP] or Building Blocks [BB]) or to a control group. Mother–newborn dyads were enrolled postpartum in an urban public hospital. In VIP, dyads met with an interventionist on days of well-child visits; the interventionist facilitated interactions in play and shared reading through provision of learning materials and review of videotaped parent–child interactions. In BB, parents were mailed parenting pamphlets and learning materials. This article analyzes socioemotional outcomes from 14 to 36 months for children in VIP and BB versus control.

RESULTS:
A total of 463 dyads (69%) contributed data. Children in VIP scored higher than control on imitation/play and attention, and lower on separation distress, hyperactivity, and externalizing problems, with effect sizes ∼0.25 SD for the sample as a whole and ∼0.50 SD for families with additional psychosocial risks . Children in BB made greater gains in imitation/play compared with control.

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings support the efficacy of VIP, a preventive intervention targeting parent–child interactions, for enhancing socioemotional outcomes in low-income toddlers. Given the low cost and potential for scalability of primary care interventions, findings support expansion of pediatric-based parenting programs such as VIP for the primary prevention of socioemotional problems before school entry.
A Pseudoaneurysm of a Peripheral Artery Arising Four Years After Trauma to a Limb
Authors: Bhuyan Sanjeev K. , Dey Sukalyan , Baruah Pradip K. , Bordoloi Bikash J. 
Published: January 2016

Case:
A young woman who underwent plate fixation for a radial shaft fracture had an uneventful recovery for four years. Subsequently, over a four-month period, a slowly progressing swelling appeared in the forearm with no features of vascular insufficiency, bruits, or pulsatility. Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a pseudoaneurysm arising from the ulnar artery. The patient was treated with exploration, evacuation of the clot, aneurysm repair, and implant removal.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this is the longest period of quiescence reported for a posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm. A late pseudoaneurysm is possible in previously operated limbs, even after years of recovery and the absence of the typical features of vascular lesions.
Chronic Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection Mutes Immune Responses to Mycobacterial Infection Distal to the Gut
Authors: Obieglo Katja , Feng Xiaogang , Bollampalli Vishnu Priya , Dellacasa-Lindberg Isabel , Classon Cajsa , Österblad Markus , Helmby Helena , Hewitson James P. , Maizels Rick M. , Gigliotti Rothfuchs Antonio , Nylén Susanne 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Helminth infections have been suggested to impair the development and outcome of Th1 responses to vaccines and intracellular microorganisms. However, there are limited data regarding the ability of intestinal nematodes to modulate Th1 responses at sites distal to the gut. In this study, we have investigated the effect of the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri on Th1 responses to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG). We found that H. polygyrus infection localized to the gut can mute BCG-specific CD4+ T cell priming in both the spleen and skin-draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, H. polygyrus infection reduced the magnitude of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to PPD in the skin. Consequently, H. polygyrus–infected mice challenged with BCG had a higher mycobacterial load in the liver compared with worm-free mice. The excretory–secretory product from H. polygyrus (HES) was found to dampen IFN-γ production by mycobacteria-specific CD4+ T cells. This inhibition was dependent on the TGF-βR signaling activity of HES, suggesting that TGF-β signaling plays a role in the impaired Th1 responses observed coinfection with worms. Similar to results with mycobacteria, H. polygyrus–infected mice displayed an increase in skin parasite load upon secondary infection with Leishmania major as well as a reduction in DTH responses to Leishmania Ag. We show that a nematode confined to the gut can mute T cell responses to mycobacteria and impair control of secondary infections distal to the gut. The ability of intestinal helminths to reduce DTH responses may have clinical implications for the use of skin test–based diagnosis of microbial infections.
Basic cellular and molecular mechanisms of anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity: Potential strategies for alleviation
Authors: Durga Padmaja , Yalamanchili Vidya 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThere is an increasing concern regarding the risk of anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity (AIDN) in children. Evidence has shown that exposure to most of the commonly used anaesthetic and sedatives can cause neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Anesthetic effects on the brain during its growth spurt can initiate a cascade of alterations in neurodevelopment, which can be detected structurally or functionally. Anesthetic exposure induces apoptosis and neurodegeneration in a dose and time-dependent fashion consistent with the pattern of N-methyl D-aspartate antagonism and gamma-amino butyric acid type A activation by these drugs. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AIDN may help in developing methods that are safe and do not interfere with the beneficial properties of anaesthetic drugs and yet inactivate the intracellular signals that trigger neuroapoptosis.
Perioperative management of a patient with primary hypoparathyroidism and severe hypocalcaemia for lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Madankar Deepak , Samel Sheetal , Ganar Abhay , Mathankar Neelesh 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPrimary hypoparathyroidism and consequent hypocalcaemia in the absence of iatrogenic cause are a rare entity. Serum ionised calcium concentrations < 0.50 mmol l−1 are more frequently associated with life-threatening complications and constitute a medical emergency that necessitates intravenous calcium therapy. The anaesthesiologist should carefully look for the effects of hypocalcaemia on the heart, circulation, muscle power and blood coagulation. We report perioperative management of a case of hypoparathyroidism and associated hypocalcaemia posted for lumbar discectomy in prone position and its anaesthetic implications.
Post epidural puncture delirium resulting from pneumocephalus: An uncommon presenation
Authors: Wankar Abhishek , Maheshwari Amit , Athale Sunil 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA 50-year-old female came with a history of chronic lower back pain radiating to right leg for which she received an epidural steroid injection. Two hours later, she was found to in a delirious state with bilateral ptosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was suggestive of ventricular pneumocephalus in frontal and temporal horns of right lateral ventricles. She was managed conservatively with oxygen inhalation. Patient’s sensorium improved after 72 h.
Exploring the Therapeutic Effects of Surya-Nadi Pranayama on Metabolic Fitness (Metf) and Bone Integrity
Authors: Bal Baljinder Singh 
Published: January 2016

<p>The primary aim of this research was to determine the therapeutic effects of Surya-Nadi Pranayama on Metabolic Fitness (MetF) and Bone Integrity. Forty Two, university level girls between the age group of 21-26 years were selected. The subjects were purposively assigned into two groups: Group-A: Experimental (n<sub>1</sub>=21); Group-B: Control (n<sub>2</sub>=21). The subjects from Group-A: Experimental were subjected to a 4-weeks Surya-nadi pranayama. Student t test for paired samples was utilized to compare the means of the pre-test and the post-test. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, we conclude that the significant differences were found in Metabolic Fitness (MetF) (i.e., Maximal Oxygen Consumption (V<sub>O2</sub>max) of University Level Girls. Insignificant between-group differences were noted in Blood Lipid, Blood Pressure, Blood Sugar and Bone Integrity of University Level Girls.</p>
Corporate Characteristics of Retail Industry among 11 Asian and American Countries
Authors: Nizam Nurul Zarirah , Hoshino Yasuo 
Published: January 2016

<p>We use financial ratios of eleven countries such as Malaysia, Japan, USA, Canada, Brazil, Thailand, Indonesia, China, India, Australia, and Cayman Islands in retail industry over the period of 2008 to 2012 to examine corporate characteristics. Hypothesis one is that there are statistically significant differences of financial ratios in retail industry of 11 Asian and American countries. This statement is supported by results of Kruskal Wallis Test. By ANOVA, ROE between Brazil and Thailand, and solvency ratio among Japan, Canada, Thailand and Australia are statistically significantly different from each other.Hypothesis two: Profitability ratios of Japanese Companies are the lowest among 11 countries. This hypothesis is supported partially by ROA except India, both ROE and ROCE except India and Brazil among eleven countries. Not supported by profit margin. Hypothesis 3: Relationship between sales growth ratio and profitability ratios is positive. The positive relationship can be seen in correlations analysis with statistically significant value of sales growth ratio with ROE, ROCE and ROA except profit margin.</p>
The Measurement of Protein in Powdered Milk Products and Infant Formulas: A Review and Recent Developments
Authors: Elgar Dave , Evers Jaap M , Holroyd Stephen E , Johnson Richard , Rowan Angela 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Proteins are a key nutritional component of both powdered milk and infant formula types of product, and reliable methods for their determination are important for manufacturing and international trade. In this review, we distinguish between methods used for determining protein quality for nutrition purposes and those used for determining chemically defined protein. The former methods cover the ability of a dietary protein source to meet human nutritional requirements for the indispensable amino acids. The latter are chemical methods for the determination of total protein and can be divided into three broad types: total nitrogen determination, direct protein determination, and indirect protein determination. Current techniques and recent developments in each are reviewed.
Early Hunter-Gatherer Tool Use and Animal Exploitation: Protein and Microwear Evidence from the Central Savannah River Valley
Authors: Moore Christopher R. , Brooks Mark J. , Kimball Larry R. , Newman Margaret E. , Kooyman Brian P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractResults of protein residue and lithic microwear analyses are reported for Paleoindian and Early Archaic stone tools from a Carolina bay sand rim on the Aiken Plateau of South Carolina, USA. Protein residue analysis is performed using crossover Immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), and indicates positive results for Bovidae, Cervidae, Galliformes, and Meleagris gallopavo. These results are complemented by a larger immunological study of 135 diagnostic hafted bifaces from South Carolina and Georgia. Among other species identified, bovid residue was found on multiple Paleoindian hafted bifaces, an Early Archaic hafted biface, and a Middle Archaic hafted biface. Results suggest continuity of species selection and availability across the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary and provide no support for the exploitation of extinct fauna. The data do provide compelling evidence for a demographic shift and/or regional extirpation of Bovidae possibly as late as the early mid-Holocene in the Southeast. In addition, microwear analysis of artifacts from Flamingo Bay indicate intensive hide scraping, antler boring, bone graving/planing/pointing, wood whittling, and hafting traces. Microwear data suggest intentional snap-fracture or bipolarization of exhausted or broken Clovis points for reuse as hide scrapers, and use of large bifacial knives and unifacial scrapers in intensive defleshing activities consistent with large animal butchery.
The Social Consequences of Climate Change in the Central Mesa Verde Region
Authors: Schwindt Dylan M. , Bocinsky R. Kyle , Ortman Scott G. , Glowacki Donna M. , Varien Mark D. , Kohler Timothy A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe consequences of climate change vary over space and time. Effective studies of human responses to climatically induced environmental change must therefore sample the environmental diversity experienced by specific societies. We reconstruct population histories from A.D. 600 to 1280 in six environmentally distinct portions of the central Mesa Verde region in southwestern Colorado, relating these to climate-driven changes in agricultural potential. In all but one subregion, increases in maize-niche size led to increases in population size. Maize-niche size is also positively correlated with regional estimates of birth rates. High birth rates continued to accompany high population levels even as productive conditions declined in the A.D. 1200s. We reconstruct prominent imbalances between the maize-niche size and population densities in two subregions from A.D. 1140 to 1180 and from A.D. 1225 to 1260. We propose that human responses in those subregions, beginning by the mid-A.D. 1200s, contributed to violence and social collapse across the entire society. Our findings are relevant to discussions of how climate change will affect contemporary societies.
Cultural and Genetic Contexts for Early Turkey Domestication in the Northern Southwest
Authors: Lipe William D. , Bocinsky R. Kyle , Chisholm Brian S. , Lyle Robin , Dove David M. , Matson R.G. , Jarvis Elizabeth , Judd Kathleen , Kemp Brian M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) was independently domesticated in Mesoamerica and the Southwest, the latter as the only case of Native American animal domestication north of Mexico. In the upland (non-desert) portion of the American Southwest, distinctive closely related mtDNA lineages belonging to haplogroup H1 (thought to indicate domestication) occur from ca. 1 A.D. (Basketmaker II period) through early historic times. At many sites, low frequencies of lineages belonging to haplogroup H2 also occur, apparently derived from the local Merriam’s subspecies. We report genetic, stable isotope, and coprolite data from turkey remains recovered at three early sites in SE Utah and SW Colorado dating to the Basketmaker II, III, and early Pueblo II periods. Evidence from these and other early sites indicates that both the H1 and H2 turkeys had a predominantly maize-based diet similar to that of humans; prior to late Pueblo II times, the birds were kept primarily to provide feathers for blankets and ritual uses; and ritualized burials indicate turkeys’ symbolic value. We argue that viewing individuals from the H1 and H2 haplogroups as “domestic” versus “wild” is an oversimplification.
Large lateral photovoltaic effect in µc-SiOx:H/a-Si:H/c-Si p–i–n structure
Authors: Qiao Shuang , Chen Jianhui , Liu Jihong , Zhang Xinhui , Wang Shufang , Fu Guangsheng 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we report on a large lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) in a hydrogenated microcrystal silicon-oxygen (µc-SiO
x
:H)-based p–i–n structure. Compared with LPE in a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H)-based p–i–n structure, this structure showed an abnormal current–voltage (I–V) curve with a lower photoelectric conversion efficiency, but exhibited a much higher LPE with the highest position sensitivity of 64.3 mV/mm. We ascribe this to the enhancement of the lateral gradient of excess transmitted carriers induced by increasing both Schottky barrier and p-type layer body conductivity. Our results suggest that this µc-SiO
x
:H-based p–i–n structure may be a promising candidate for position-sensitive detectors (PSDs). Moreover, our results may also imply that solar cell devices with abnormal I–V curves (or low efficiency) could find their new applications in other aspects.
Rapid Last Glacial Maximum deglaciation in the Indian Himalaya coeval with midlatitude glaciers: New insights from 10Be‐dating of ice‐polished bedrock surfaces in the Chandra Valley, NW Himalaya
Authors: Eugster Patricia , Scherler Dirk , Thiede Rasmus C. , Codilean Alexandru T. , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDespite a large number of dated glacial landforms in the Himalaya, the ice extent during the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from 19 to 23 ka is only known to first order. New cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages from well‐preserved glacially polished surfaces, combined with published data, and an improved production rate scaling model allow reconstruction of the LGM ice extent and subsequent deglaciation in the Chandra Valley of NW India. We show that a >1000 m thick valley glacier retreated >150 km within a few thousand years after the onset of LGM deglaciation. By comparing the recession of the Chandra Valley Glacier and other Himalayan glaciers with those of Northern and Southern Hemisphere glaciers, we demonstrate that post‐LGM deglaciation was similar and nearly finished prior to the Bølling/Allerød interstadial. Our study supports the view that many Himalayan glaciers advanced during the LGM, likely in response to global variations in temperature.
Three‐dimensional structure and origin of a 1.8 km thick ice dome within Korolev Crater, Mars
Authors: Brothers T. Charles , Holt John W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractKorolev is an 80 km diameter impact crater located at 72.7°N, 164.5°E containing a large domed deposit. Perennial water ice is thought to be currently unstable there; however, using a 3‐D analysis of the dome's internal radar stratigraphy, we estimate that Korolev's central mound contains between 1400 and 3500 km3 of water ice that is up to 1.8 km thick. Furthermore, the stratigraphic structure of this ice dome is strikingly similar to the north polar layered deposits (NPLD) on Planum Boreum, approximately 600 km to the north. Additionally, our stratigraphic analysis suggests that Korolev ice was not previously part of a once larger polar ice sheet but rather it was deposited locally. We conclude that Korolev Crater's ice likely deposited during the same climate regime as Planum Boreum's NPLD, but independently. This implies that the incorporation of circumpolar ice deposits such as Korolev may prove useful in reconstructing a unique Mars polar climate history.
The propagation and seismicity of dyke injection, new experimental evidence
Authors: Bakker Richard R. , Fazio Marco , Benson Philip M. , Hess Kai‐Uwe , Dingwell Donald B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTo reach the surface, dykes must overcome the inherent tensile strength of the country rock. As they do, they generate swarms of seismic signals, frequently used for forecasting. In this study we pressurize and inject molten acrylic into an encapsulating host rocks of (1) Etna basalt and (2) Comiso limestone, at 30 MPa of confining pressure. Fracture was achieved at 12 MPa for Etna basalt and 7.2 MPa for Comiso limestone. The generation of radial fractures was accompanied by acoustic emissions (AE) at a dominant frequency of 600 kHz. During “magma” movement in the dykes, AE events of approximately 150 kHz dominant frequency were recorded. We interpret our data using AE location and dominant frequency analysis, concluding that the seismicity associated with magma transport in dykes peaks during initial dyke creation but remains significant as long as magma movement continues. These results have important implications for seismic monitoring of active volcanoes.