bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrix description of the complete topology of three-dimensional cells
Authors: Xue Weihua , Wang Hao , Liu Guoquan , Meng Li , Xiang Song , Ma Guang , Li Wenwen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA new, efficient method based on a series of matrices is introduced to completely describe the detailed topology of individual domains and their topology evolution in three-dimensional cellular structures. With this approach, we found a lot of new topological grain forms which are never reported before, i.e., there are total 8 and 32 topological forms for 7- and 8-faced grains respectively, other than the reported 7 and 27. This method is proved to be a practical tool to predict all possible grain forms efficiently. Moreover, a connectivity index of grain forms serves as a new convenient differentiator of different multicellular structures.
Genetic deletion of fibroblast growth factor 14 recapitulates phenotypic alterations underlying cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia
Authors: Alshammari T K , Alshammari M A , Nenov M N , Hoxha E , Cambiaghi M , Marcinno A , James T F , Singh P , Labate D , Li J , Meltzer H Y , Sacchetti B , Tempia F , Laezza F 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCognitive processing is highly dependent on the functional integrity of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) interneurons in the brain. These cells regulate excitability and synaptic plasticity of principal neurons balancing the excitatory/inhibitory tone of cortical networks. Reduced function of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons and disruption of GABAergic synapses in the cortical circuitry result in desynchronized network activity associated with cognitive impairment across many psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. However, the mechanisms underlying these complex phenotypes are still poorly understood. Here we show that in animal models, genetic deletion of fibroblast growth factor 14 (Fgf14), a regulator of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission, leads to loss of PV interneurons in the CA1 hippocampal region, a critical area for cognitive function. Strikingly, this cellular phenotype associates with decreased expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) and also coincides with disrupted CA1 inhibitory circuitry, reduced in vivo gamma frequency oscillations and impaired working memory. Bioinformatics analysis of schizophrenia transcriptomics revealed functional co-clustering of FGF14 and genes enriched within the GABAergic pathway along with correlatively decreased expression of FGF14, PVALB, GAD67 and VGAT in the disease context. These results indicate that Fgf14−/− mice recapitulate salient molecular, cellular, functional and behavioral features associated with human cognitive impairment, and FGF14 loss of function might be associated with the biology of complex brain disorders such as schizophrenia.
Guidelines for Reporting Articles on Psychiatry and Heart rate variability (GRAPH): recommendations to advance research communication
Authors: Quintana D S , Alvares G A , Heathers J A J 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe number of publications investigating heart rate variability (HRV) in psychiatry and the behavioral sciences has increased markedly in the last decade. In addition to the significant debates surrounding ideal methods to collect and interpret measures of HRV, standardized reporting of methodology in this field is lacking. Commonly cited recommendations were designed well before recent calls to improve research communication and reproducibility across disciplines. In an effort to standardize reporting, we propose the Guidelines for Reporting Articles on Psychiatry and Heart rate variability (GRAPH), a checklist with four domains: participant selection, interbeat interval collection, data preparation and HRV calculation. This paper provides an overview of these four domains and why their standardized reporting is necessary to suitably evaluate HRV research in psychiatry and related disciplines. Adherence to these communication guidelines will help expedite the translation of HRV research into a potential psychiatric biomarker by improving interpretation, reproducibility and future meta-analyses.
Inhibitory effect of endostatin gene therapy combined with phosphorus-32 colloid on tumour growth in Wistar rats
Authors: Gao Huiqi , Zhu Jing , Li Yong , Fu Peng , Shen Baozhong 
Published: May 2016

Eighty healthy male Wistar rats, aged 5 weeks, weighing 100–120 g, were utilized for establishing tumour-bearing models by immediate Walker-256 cancerous ascites injection and randomly divided to four groups (n=20) treated with 0.2 ml solution containing saline, 32P-colloid (0.3 mCi), endostatin gene (20 μg), endostatin gene combined with colloid 32P. The effect of endostatin combined with a small dose of 32P-colloidal on tumour growth in vivo was evaluated and the potential mechanism underlying the combined therapy was explored. We found that 32P-colloid combined with endostatin exhibited higher inhibitory effect upon tumour growth compared with application of 32P-colloid or endostatin alone, although three therapies all significantly inhibited tumour growth compared with saline control group. The higher inhibitory effect of 32P-colloid combined with endostatin upon tumour growth might be attributed to a synergistic effect of inhibiting angiogenesis by endostatin and inducing apoptosis by 32P-colloid, as demonstrated by microvessel density (MVD) and apoptotic index (AI) measurement. Combined therapy of 32P-colloid and endostatin probably serves as a novel and efficacious therapy of tumour growth.
What Can Determine the Length of an Open Nonendoscopic Thyroidectomy Incision?
Authors: Vasan Nilesh , Collins Benjamin 
Published: May 2016

Objectives Surgeons are now utilizing small incisions when performing thyroidectomy. This study evaluated the association between patient weight, nodule size, and maximum thyroid diameter and the length of an open thyroidectomy incision.
Study Design Retrospective analysis of 32 consecutive patients.
Subjects and Methods Patient demographics, clinical exam, ultrasound findings, operative findings, and pathology were recorded.
Results Of the 32 patients (81% women), 27 underwent a hemithyroidectomy. The mean patient weight was 194 lbs. The mean clinical nodule diameter was 3.46 cm, and the mean maximum thyroid diameter was 5.91 cm. The mean incision size was 5.13 cm. Independently, patient weight, maximum thyroid diameter, and maximum nodule diameter were shown in regression models to be statistically significant predictors of incision size. In stepwise regression analysis that included all three listed variables, maximum thyroid diameter was the most significant predictor of incision size (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions Surgeons may determine the length of the incision using clinical and radiologic parameters, but most probably use their subconscious clinical judgment and the challenge of utilizing a very small incision for this operation. This study has shown that maximum thyroid diameter is the most significant determinant for the incision but that nodule size and patient weight are also significant factors. This study is evidence-based medicine level III.
Ensuring science is useful, usable and used in global disaster risk reduction and sustainable development: a view through the Sendai framework lens
Authors: Aitsi-Selmi Amina , Blanchard Kevin , Murray Virginia 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe recently adopted United Nations’ Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 has a much greater emphasis on science compared with other global policy frameworks. It builds on the idea that science and evidence are essential for effective policy-making to improve lives, livelihoods and health. It was the first UN landmark agreement of the year 2015, the other two being the Sustainable Development Goals (agreed September 2015) and the Climate Change Agreements (agreed December 2015). This article explores key synergies across these agreements that are articulated in the Sendai Framework to support joint policy-making. The article outlines the opportunities and challenges for scientific research and its translation into policy and practice; proposes scientific activities for developing Disaster Risk Reduction science, and makes suggestions for how to take these forward into the 2015–2030 period. This article is published as part of a thematic collection dedicated to scientific advice to governments.
Competition and extinction explain the evolution of diversity in American automobiles
Authors: Gjesfjeld Erik , Chang Jonathan , Silvestro Daniele , Kelty Christopher , Alfaro Michael 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOne of the most remarkable aspects of our species is that while we show surprisingly little genetic diversity, we demonstrate astonishing amounts of cultural diversity. Perhaps most impressive is the diversity of our technologies, broadly defined as all the physical objects we produce and the skills we use to produce them. Despite considerable focus on the evolution of technology by social scientists and philosophers, there have been few attempts to systematically quantify technological diversity, and therefore the dynamics of technological change remain poorly understood. Here we show a novel Bayesian model for examining technological diversification adopted from palaeontological analysis of occurrence data. We use this framework to estimate the tempo of diversification in American car and truck models produced between 1896 and 2014, and to test the relative importance of competition and extrinsic factors in shaping changes in macro-evolutionary rates. Our results identify a four-fold decrease in the origination and extinction rates of car models, and a negative net diversification rate over the last 30 years. We also demonstrate that competition played a more significant role in car model diversification than either changes in oil prices or gross domestic product. Together our analyses provide a set of tools that can enhance current research on technological and cultural evolution by providing a flexible and quantitative framework for exploring the dynamics of diversification.
Ancient and modern DNA reveal dynamics of domestication and cross-continental dispersal of the dromedary
Authors: Almathen Faisal , Charruau Pauline , Mohandesan Elmira , Mwacharo Joram M. , Orozco-terWengel Pablo , Pitt Daniel , Abdussamad Abdussamad M. , Uerpmann Margarethe , Uerpmann Hans-Peter , De Cupere Bea , Magee Peter , Alnaqeeb Majed A. , Salim Bashir , Raziq Abdul , Dessie Tadelle , Abdelhadi Omer M. , Banabazi Mohammad H. , Al-Eknah Marzook , Walzer Chris , Faye Bernard , Hofreiter Michael , Peters Joris , Hanotte Olivier , Burger Pamela A. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
The dromedary is one of the largest domesticates, sustainably used in arid and hostile environments. It provides food and transport to millions of people in marginal agricultural areas. We show how important long-distance and back-and-forth movements in ancient caravan routes shaped the species’ genetic diversity. Using a global sample set and ancient mitochondrial DNA analyses, we describe the population structure in modern dromedaries and their wild extinct ancestors. Phylogenetic analyses of ancient and modern dromedaries suggest a history of restocking from wild animals from the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Dromedaries now extend the list of species for which classic models of domestication from a single center and from wild conspecific individuals in isolation are rejected.
Ectopic expression of ceramide synthase 2 in neurons suppresses neurodegeneration induced by ceramide synthase 1 deficiency
Authors: Spassieva Stefka D. , Ji Xiaojie , Liu Ye , Gable Kenneth , Bielawski Jacek , Dunn Teresa M. , Bieberich Erhard , Zhao Lihong 
Published: May 2016

SignificanceIt is well known that because of constant metabolic flow and interconnectivity, alteration of any one step in lipid metabolism can lead to changes in many lipid metabolites. Therefore, the exact metabolites causing lipid metabolic diseases are often elusive. By creating a new genetic model, we uncoupled the changes of long-chain bases and ceramide that are caused by ceramide synthase 1 deficiency. This work sheds light on the neurotoxicity of sphingolipid precursors, the long-chain bases, in neurodegenerative diseases.
Blockage of neddylation modification stimulates tumor sphere formation in vitro and stem cell differentiation and wound healing in vivo
Authors: Zhou Xiaochen , Tan Mingjia , Nyati Mukesh K. , Zhao Yongchao , Wang Gongxian , Sun Yi 
Published: May 2016

Significance
MLN4924, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme, blocks cullin-RING ligase activity through inhibiting cullin neddylation. MLN4924 is widely used in both preclinical and clinical settings for an anticancer application. We report here an unexpected finding: MLN4924 at nanomolar concentration stimulates stem cell proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation in both tumor and normal stem cell models and promotes skin wound healing in a mouse model and cell migration in vitro. Mechanistic studies revealed that MLN4924 causes c-MYC accumulation and promotes EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) dimerization to activate the EGFR signaling pathway. Our study raises a concern in anticancer application of MLN4924, but at the same time provides an opportunity for future development of MLN4924 as an agent for stem cell therapy and tissue regeneration.
Formation and maintenance of nitrogen-fixing cell patterns in filamentous cyanobacteria
Authors: Muñoz-García Javier , Ares Saúl 
Published: May 2016

SignificanceCyanobacteria produce an important fraction of oxygen on Earth and, together with archaea, fix atmospheric nitrogen used by all other organisms. Some types live in colonies with specialized cells that perform different functions. In particular, the genusAnabaenaforms filaments in which some cells differentiate, forming patterns to effectively provide nitrogen for the colony. We present a theory that combines genetic, metabolic, and morphological aspects to understand this prokaryotic example of multicellularity. Our results quantitatively reproduce the appearance and dynamics of this pattern and are used to learn how different aspects, like fixed-nitrogen diffusion, cell division, or stochasticity, affect it.
Impaired NK-mediated regulation of T-cell activity in multiple sclerosis is reconstituted by IL-2 receptor modulation
Authors: Gross Catharina C. , Schulte-Mecklenbeck Andreas , Rünzi Anna , Kuhlmann Tanja , Posevitz-Fejfár Anita , Schwab Nicholas , Schneider-Hohendorf Tilman , Herich Sebastian , Held Kathrin , Konjević Matea , Hartwig Marvin , Dornmair Klaus , Hohlfeld Reinhard , Ziemssen Tjalf , Klotz Luisa , Meuth Sven G. , Wiendl Heinz 
Published: May 2016

SignificanceThe importance of natural killer (NK) cells in the control of autoimmunity has recently attracted considerable attention. The current study revealed NK cells as additional players in controlling T-cell activity in CNS autoimmunity. NK-mediated control of T-cell activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) is dysregulated and caused by impaired DNAX accessory molecule-1/CD155 interaction between NK cells and CD4+T cells. Therapeutic immune modulation of the IL-2 receptor with daclizumab, which has just successfully passed a phase III study in relapsing-remitting MS, not only enhances the cytolytic activity of NK cells but also restores defective NK-mediated immune regulation by increasing the proportion of CD155-expressing CD4+T cells, thus rendering CD4+T cells most likely more sensitive to NK-mediated lysis.
Self-sustained lift and low friction via soft lubrication
Authors: Saintyves Baudouin , Jules Theo , Salez Thomas , Mahadevan L. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Contacting solids that move relative to each other in a fluid environment abound in many settings such as soft contact lenses in eyes, animal joints, and bearings in rotating machinery. Motion is inevitably accompanied by flow and deformation, and raises the question of how these correlate with friction at the interface. A minimal experimental setting, associated with how a cylinder slides and rolls along a soft inclined plane, allows us to see the induction of a self-sustained lift that reduces the friction by nearly an order of magnitude. A simple scaling theory explains our results and suggests a design principle for low-friction interfaces and a partial explanation for phenomena such as reduced wear in animal joints and long-runout landslides.
Development and localization of reverse-polarity mechanotransducer channels in cochlear hair cells
Authors: Beurg Maryline , Goldring Adam C. , Ricci Anthony J. , Fettiplace Robert 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Cochlear hair cells are the receptors of the inner ear, detecting sound stimuli by to-and-fro motion of their sensory hair bundle to open mechano-electrical transduction (MT) channels at the tips of the hairs. During embryonic development, mechanically sensitive ion channels appear transiently in mouse cochlear hair cells before acquisition of the normal adult MT channel. These channels are located on the hair-cell apical plasma membrane, are stretch-activated by membrane deformation, and have similar but not identical properties to normal MT channels. It will be important to establish whether the two types of channel possess the same protein core or are structurally distinct, as this may provide a clue to the functional significance of these supernumerary mechanically sensitive channels.
Study retention as bias reduction in a hard-to-reach population
Authors: Western Bruce , Braga Anthony , Hureau David , Sirois Catherine 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Very poor and otherwise disadvantaged populations pose a challenge for research. The circumstances of extreme disadvantage—homelessness, acute economic insecurity, untreated addiction or mental illness, for example—are urgent problems but also make research subjects elusive or unwilling. We examine study retention in a deeply disadvantaged sample of newly released prisoners, achieving a 94% response rate over five survey waves over 1 y of follow-up. The high response rate indicates strategies for study retention and points to biases associated with nonresponse. Small-scale data collections can illuminate very harsh conditions of contemporary poverty by observing repeated and co-occurring episodes of homelessness, institutionalization, mental illness, and physical disability that are largely unobserved with conventional methods.
Endogenous B-ring oxysterols inhibit the Hedgehog component Smoothened in a manner distinct from cyclopamine or side-chain oxysterols
Authors: Sever Navdar , Mann Randall K. , Xu Libin , Snell William J. , Hernandez-Lara Carmen I. , Porter Ned A. , Beachy Philip A. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
The Hedgehog protein signal (Hh), covalently modified by cholesterol, functions to coordinate embryonic tissue patterning and postembryonic tissue maintenance. Cholesterol and several of its side-chain oxidized derivatives also function in Hh response by augmenting the activity of Smoothened, an essential seven-transmembrane protein. Here, we show that a distinct class of sterols, oxidized in the B-ring, also affect Hh response, but act by a distinct mechanism to inhibit Smoothened activity. These sterols and their precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol, accumulate in the human genetic disease Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome, providing a rationale for diminished Hedgehog pathway activity in Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome and suggesting new candidates as potential modulators of Smoothened activity in normal cells.
PML plays both inimical and beneficial roles in HSV-1 replication
Authors: Xu Pei , Mallon Stephen , Roizman Bernard 
Published: May 2016

SignificancePromyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a component of nuclear domain 10 (ND10) bodies and an antiviral effector of IFN-β. A herpes simplex virus (HSV) protein, ICP0, interacts with PML, merges with ND10 bodies, degrades PML, and ultimately takes over the domain of ND10 bodies. Here we show that viral gene expression and growth are reduced inPML−/−cells infected at low ratios of virus to cells. In essence, the results indicate that HSV-1 evolved the means to take advantage of an inimical cellular defense mechanism to degrade it and at the same time use it to gain access to a nuclear domain essential for efficient replication.
Opioid Overdose Prevention through Pharmacy-Based Naloxone Prescription Program: Innovations in Health Care Delivery
Authors: Bachyrycz Amy , Shrestha Shikhar , Bleske Barry E. , Tinker Dale , Bakhireva Ludmila N. 
Published: May 2016

Background: Given that opioid misuse/abuse and opioid overdose have reached epidemic proportions in the United States, expansion of naloxone access programs are desperately needed. The objective of this study was to describe emerging trends in naloxone rescue kit (NRK) prescription patterns by pharmacists in New Mexico as an example of a unique health care delivery system. Methods: The study presents cross-sectional analysis of the data on NRK prescriptions by pharmacists who received naloxone pharmacist prescriptive authority certification since 2013. Data were obtained from the Prevention of Opioid Overdose by New Mexico Pharmacists (POINt-Rx) Registry, maintained by the University of New Mexico and the New Mexico Pharmacists Association. Results: Since 2013, 133 NRKs prescribed by pharmacists have been reported to the POINt-Rx Registry. The mean age of the patients was 41.5 ± 12.0 years (range: 19–67 years), and 60.2% were female participants. Only 11.3% of the prescriptions were from pharmacists practicing in rural/mixed urban-rural areas. The majority of NRKs (89.5%) were first-time prescriptions. The most common reason for a NRK prescription was patient's request (56.4%), followed by a pharmacist's prescription of NRK due to high dose of prescription opioids (28.6%) and history of opioid misuse/abuse (15.0%). In addition to opioids, other frequently reported substances included alcohol (9.2%) and benzodiazepines (10.8%). More than a third of patients (38.5%) reported polysubstance use in the previous 72 hours. Conclusions: These results indicate that patients at risk of opioid overdose might feel comfortable soliciting NRKs from a pharmacist. Participation of pharmacists in rural areas in the naloxone prescriptive authority highlight the opportunity for this novel health care delivery model in underserved areas; however, the program is clearly underutilized in these areas. Such a model can provide expanded patient access in community practices, whereas systematic efforts for uptake of the program by policy makers, communities, and pharmacists continue to be needed nationwide.
Report on APMP bilateral comparison measurement of long gauge blocks by comparative method
Authors: Phauaknoi P , Eom T B , Takatsuji T 
Published: May 2016

A bilateral comparison, APMP.L-S6, was held in 2013 to demonstrate the equivalence of routine calibration services of long gauge block offered to clients. Participants in this APMP.L-S6 comparison are NIMT and KRISS. Both agreed to apply comparative method for length measurement of long gauge blocks.
This report describes the measurement results of 3 long gauge blocks length 150 mm, 250 mm and 500 mm. The artefacts were inspected prior and after the comparison and illustrated that all long gauge block were in stable condition. The results show that there is a degree of equivalence within 1. KRISS had participated in the APMP.L-K2: calibration of long gauge blocks and hence this comparison and the regional key comparison can be linked.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).