bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A self‐organized load balancing mechanism for cloud computing
Authors: Khani Hadi , Yazdani Nasser , Mohammadi Siamak 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe growth in computer and networking technologies over the past decades established cloud computing as a new paradigm in information technology. The cloud computing promises to deliver cost‐effective services by running workloads in a large scale data center consisting of thousands of virtualized servers. The main challenge with a cloud platform is its unpredictable performance. A possible solution to this challenge could be load balancing mechanism that aims to distribute the workload across the servers of the data center effectively. In this paper, we present a distributed and scalable load balancing mechanism for cloud computing using game theory. The mechanism is self‐organized and depends only on the local information for the load balancing. We proved that our mechanism converges and its inefficiency is bounded. Simulation results show that the generated placement of workload on servers provides an efficient, scalable, and reliable load balancing scheme for the cloud data center. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of classifiers and features for authorship authentication of social networking messages
Authors: Li Jenny S. , Chen Li‐Chiou , Monaco John V. , Singh Pranjal , Tappert Charles C. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis paper develops algorithms and investigates various classifiers to determine the authenticity of short social network postings, an average of 20.6 words, from Facebook. This paper presents and discusses several experiments using a variety of classifiers. The goal of this research is to determine the degree to which such postings can be authenticated as coming from the purported user and not from an intruder. Various sets of stylometry and ad hoc social networking features were developed to categorize 9259 posts from 30 Facebook authors as authentic or non‐authentic. An algorithm to utilize machine‐learning classifiers for investigating this problem is described, and an additional voting algorithm that combines three classifiers is investigated. This research is one of the first works that focused on authorship authentication in short messages, such as postings on social network sites. The challenges of applying traditional stylometry techniques on short messages are discussed. Experimental results demonstrate an average accuracy rate of 79.6% among 30 users. Further empirical analyses evaluate the effect of sample size, feature selection, user writing style, and classification method on authorship authentication, indicating varying degrees of success compared with previous studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive human detection approach using FPGA‐based parallel architecture in reconfigurable hardware
Authors: Li Yibin , Gai Keke , Qiu Meikang , Dai Wenyun , Liu Meiqin 
Published: August 2016

SummaryCurrently, the rapid increment of human detections has been changing people's daily life, However, the implementation is still facing the challenges caused by the restrictions of power and hardware. The computation process results in a heavy workload even though prior researches had made efforts to reduce the complexity. We focus on this issue and propose a new approach that employs the binarization‐based optimization algorithm to simplify the computation processes. Our approach is designed to minimize the necessary calculations and memory space. Moreover, we have developed the field‐programmable gate array‐based parallel architecture to apply partial dynamic reconfiguration, which enables the remote configurations for the number of processing units. An experimental evaluation is completed in order to examine our proposed approach. According to our experimental results, the detection precision can reach a miss rate less than 1.97% and a false positive rate of 1%. The energy cost is also reduced up to 36% comparing with the prior methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TepiTool: A Pipeline for Computational Prediction of T Cell Epitope Candidates
Authors: Paul Sinu , Sidney John , Sette Alessandro , Peters Bjoern 
Published: August 2016

AbstractComputational prediction of T cell epitope candidates is currently being used in several applications including vaccine discovery studies, development of diagnostics, and removal of unwanted immune responses against protein therapeutics. There have been continuous improvements in the performance of MHC binding prediction tools, but their general adoption by immunologists has been slow due to the lack of user‐friendly interfaces and guidelines. Current tools only provide minimal advice on what alleles to include, what lengths to consider, how to deal with homologous peptides, and what cutoffs should be considered relevant. This protocol provides step‐by‐step instructions with necessary recommendations for prediction of the best T cell epitope candidates with the newly developed online tool called TepiTool. TepiTool, which is part of the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), provides some of the top MHC binding prediction algorithms for number of species including humans, chimpanzees, bovines, gorillas, macaques, mice, and pigs. The TepiTool is freely accessible at http://tools.iedb.org/tepitool/. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Use of the SHuffle Strains in Production of Proteins
Authors: Ren Guoping , Ke Na , Berkmen Mehmet 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Escherichia coli continues to be a popular expression host for the production of proteins, yet successful recombinant expression of active proteins to high yields remains a trial and error process. This is mainly due to decoupling of the folding factors of a protein from its native host, when expressed recombinantly in E. coli. Failure to fold could be due to many reasons but is often due to lack of post‐translational modifications that are absent in E. coli. One such post‐translational modification is the formation of disulfide bonds, a common feature of secreted proteins. The genetically engineered SHuffle cells offer an expression solution to proteins that require disulfide bonds for their folding and activity. The purpose of this protocol unit is to familiarize the researcher with the biology of SHuffle cells and guide the experimental design in order to optimize and increase the chances of successful expression of their desired protein of choice. Example of the expression and purification of a model disulfide‐bonded protein DsbC is described in detail. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In Vivo Determination of Mitochondrial Function Using Luciferase‐Expressing Caenorhabditis elegans: Contribution of Oxidative Phosphorylation, Glycolysis, and Fatty Acid Oxidation to Toxicant‐Induced Dysfunction
Authors: Luz Anthony L. , Lagido Cristina , Hirschey Matthew D. , Meyer Joel N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMitochondria are a target of many drugs and environmental toxicants; however, how toxicant‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the progression of human disease remains poorly understood. To address this issue, in vivo assays capable of rapidly assessing mitochondrial function need to be developed. Here, using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, we describe how to rapidly assess the in vivo role of the electron transport chain, glycolysis, or fatty acid oxidation in energy metabolism following toxicant exposure, using a luciferase‐expressing ATP reporter strain. Alterations in mitochondrial function subsequent to toxicant exposure are detected by depleting steady‐state ATP levels with inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, glycolysis, or fatty acid oxidation. Differential changes in ATP following short‐term inhibitor exposure indicate toxicant‐induced alterations at the site of inhibition. Because a microplate reader is the only major piece of equipment required, this is a highly accessible method for studying toxicant‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A High‐Throughput Screening Assay to Identify Kidney Toxic Compounds
Authors: Ramm Susanne , Adler Melanie , Vaidya Vishal S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractKidney toxicity due to drugs and chemicals poses a significant health burden for patients and a financial risk for pharmaceutical companies. However, currently no sensitive and high‐throughput in vitro method exists for predictive nephrotoxicity assessment. Primary human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HPTECs) possess characteristics of differentiated epithelial cells, making them a desirable model to use in in vitro screening systems. Additionally, heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) protein expression is upregulated as a protective mechanism during kidney toxicant‐induced oxidative stress or inflammation in HPTECs and can therefore be used as a biomarker for nephrotoxicity. In this article, we describe two different methods to screen for HO‐1 increase: A homogeneous time resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay and an immunofluorescence assay. The latter provides lower throughput but higher sensitivity due to the combination of two readouts, HO‐1 intensity and cell number. The methods described in the protocol are amendable for other cell types as well. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Subpopulations of T Regulatory Cells in Blood Stem Cell Harvests Influence Development of Acute Graft Versus Host Disease in Allogeneic Transplant Recipients
Authors: Roschupkina Teona , Juliusson Gunnar 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundCD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the potent suppressors of activation and proliferation of conventional T cells. Tregs subdivided by their expression of FoxP3 and CD45RA identify clinically important functional subsets.MethodsWe analyzed Treg subpopulations in hematopoietic stem cell harvests (SCH) from 22 allogeneic (matched unrelated and sibling) donors with flow cytometry by their expression of CD45RA, CD127, CD25, and FoxP3 marker combinations.ResultsA high fraction of “activated Tregs”, defined as CD4+ FoxP3hiCD45RAlo (aTreg) cells relative to all CD4+ T‐cells, in the SCH correlated with no subsequent development of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) in the corresponding transplant recipients (aTreg 1.29%, range 0.96–1.64%, vs. 0.23%, range 0.14‐0.56%, with subsequent aGvHD; P = 0.0015). The “non‐Treg” cells, defined by CD4+ FoxP3med/loCD45RAlo, and resting Treg (rTreg) cells, defined by CD4+ FoxP3medCD45RAhi, did not correlate with aGvHD development. We also showed that phenotypic aTregs could be induced in vitro from nonTregs under homeostatic proliferation conditions and that this ability correlated with the CD127 and CD25 expression patterns.ConclusionsWe identified a subset of T CD4+ FoxP3+ cells, i.e., aTregs that were correlated to aGvHD development, and demonstrated plasticity of the nonTreg population to provide phenotypic aTregs. This could have both a predictive clinical relevance in inflammatory conditions as well as support a rationale for development of cell targeted therapy. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Optical water quality and human perceptions of rivers: an ethnohydrology study
Authors: West Amie O. , Nolan Justin M. , Scott J. Thad 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Rivers are revered worldwide for their ecologic, scenic, and recreational value. The capacity to communicate effectively among human groups with vested interest in rivers hinges on understanding the nature of human perceptions of water quality and the extent to which they vary intraculturally. Recognizing the intersection between measured water quality and the characteristics of rivers that influence human perceptions facilitates potential for better communication across disciplines and among stakeholders. We conducted interviews and a pile‐sort task with water quality experts and nonexperts. Our analysis suggested human evaluation of water quality is guided by culturally constructed criteria, regardless of respondent expertise, experience, or demographics. Cluster analysis results implied that measured physical and chemical parameters of rivers were directly related to the visible attributes used in human judgments. We suggest that, regardless of variability among individual stakeholders, observable characteristics may be the foundation for a common understanding of water quality in rivers.
Determination of Total Monoamines in Rat Brain via Nanotubes Based Human Monoamine Oxidase B Biosensor
Authors: Aigner Maximilian , Kalcher Kurt , Macheroux Peter , Lienhart Wolf‐Dieter , Wallner Silvia , Edmondson Dale , Ortner Astrid 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA specific and sensitive electrochemical biosensor with human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO B) as biological receptor and a MnO2 modified nanomaterial based transducer system has been developed and optimised. Best results for the biosensor were achieved when using enzyme immobilisation with a dialysis membrane (regenerated cellulose, molecular weight cut‐off 14000) and a 20 % (m/m) MnO2 modified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, ratio of fluid to solid compounds of 1 : 0.7 (m/m)) paste electrode smoothed with a glassy carbon paste (GCP, ratio 1 : 3.6 (m/m)) containing the same mediator concentration. The biosensor was operated in a flow injection analysis (FIA) system with Sørensen phosphate buffer (33 mM, pH 7.5) and amperometric detection at a fixed potential of +400 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. The developed sensor underwent validation using phenylethylamine (PEA) as standard substrate showing linearity between 5.0 and 400 µM PEA and limits of detection and quantification of 1.5 and 5.0 µM PEA, respectively. The sensor was successfully tested for the determination of total monoamines in rat brain calculated as PEA equivalents showing a result of 1.2 µg/g brain tissue (n=3, relative standard deviation 4.4 %).
A Critical Review on Hemicellulose Pyrolysis
Authors: Zhou Xiaowei , Li Wenjun , Mabon Ross , Broadbelt Linda J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFast pyrolysis is a promising thermochemical technology that breaks down renewable and abundant lignocellulosic biomass into a primary liquid product (bio‐oil) in seconds. The bio‐oil can then be potentially catalytically upgraded into transportation fuels and multiple commodity chemicals. Hemicellulose is one of the three major components of lignocellulosic biomass and is characterized as a group of cell wall polysaccharides that are neither cellulose nor pectin. The composition and structural features of hemicellulose (mixture of different heterogeneous polysaccharides) and different specific hemicellulose polysaccharides are reviewed. Particular focus is then given to reviewing the status of hemicellulose pyrolysis in terms of experimental investigations, reaction mechanisms, and kinetic modeling. For each aspect, recent results, challenges, and future prospects are addressed.
Field techniques for measuring bedrock erosion and denudation
Authors: Turowski Jens M. , Cook Kristen L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBedrock erosion rates in natural landscapes are usually slow, of the order of millimeters per year or less, and sophisticated techniques have been developed to measure them. Different techniques have proved to be valuable depending on the spatial and temporal scale on which information is needed, on the environment and on the scientific question that is asked. Here, we give an overview of the various methods that have been developed. We introduce their working principles and outline their advantages and disadvantages. Further, we provide comprehensive references to relevant literature, both on the methods and on scientific examples of their application. © 2016 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Effect of soy flour on nutritional, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of gluten‐free bread
Authors: Taghdir Maryam , Mazloomi Seyed Mohammad , Honar Naser , Sepandi Mojtaba , Ashourpour Mahkameh , Salehi Musa 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of soy flour on nutritional, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of gluten‐free (GF) bread. In this study, corn flour was replaced with soy flour at different levels 5%, 10%, and 15% to produce a more nutritionally balanced GF bread. Physical and chemical properties, sensory evaluation and crust and crumb color were measured in bread samples. The results of evaluations showed that protein content of soy flour‐supplemented GF bread significantly increased from 9.8% to 12.9% as compared to control along with an increased in fat (3.3%–4.1%), fiber (0.29%– 0.38%), and ash (1.7%–2.2%) content. Moisture (27.9%–26.5%) and carbohydrate (58.3–52.3) content decreased with the incremental addition of soybean flour. The highest total score of sensory evaluation was for the bread sample containing 15% soybean flour. The evaluation of crust and crumb showed that bread samples with 15% soy flour were significantly darker than the other bread samples. In conclusion, adding higher levels of soybean flour into GF bread can improve bread quality, sensory characteristics, and nutritional properties of bread. Nutritional status in patients with celiac disease (CD) can be improved through the produce GF bread in this way.
Impairment in subcortical suppression in schizophrenia: Evidence from the fBIRN Oddball Task
Authors: Lavigne Katie M. , Menon Mahesh , Woodward Todd S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSchizophrenia patients show widespread impairments in brain activity during oddball tasks, which involve responding to infrequent target stimuli while refraining from responding during continuous non‐target stimuli. In a network‐based investigation comparing schizophrenia or schizoaffective patients to healthy controls, we sought to clarify which networks were specifically associated with target detection using a multivariate analysis technique that identifies task‐specific functional brain networks. We acquired data from the publicly available function biomedical informatics research network collaboration, including 58 patients and 50 controls. Two task‐based functional brain networks were identified: (1) a response modulation network including bilateral temporal pole, supramarginal gyrus, striatum, and thalamus, on which patients showed decreased activity relative to controls; and (2) an auditory–motor response activation network, on which patients showed a slower return to baseline than controls, but no difference in peak activation. For both groups, baseline to peak activation of the response modulation network correlated negatively with peak to baseline activity in the response activation network, suggesting a role in suppressing the motor response following targets. Patients’ impaired activity in the response modulation network, and subsequent longer return to baseline in the response activation network, correspond with their later and less accurate behavioral performance, suggesting that impairment in suppression of the auditory–motor response activation network could underlie oddball task deficits in schizophrenia. In addition, the magnitude of the activity in the response modulation network was correlated with intensity of delusions of reference, supporting the notion that increased referential ideation is associated with hyperactivity within the subcortical striatal–limbic network.Hum Brain Mapp 37:4640–4653, 2016. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterochronicity of white matter development and aging explains regional patient control differences in schizophrenia
Authors: Kochunov Peter , Ganjgahi Habib , Winkler Anderson , Kelly Sinead , Shukla Dinesh K. , Du Xiaoming , Jahanshad Neda , Rowland Laura , Sampath Hemalatha , Patel Binish , O'Donnell Patricio , Xie Zhiyong , Paciga Sara A. , Schubert Christian R. , Chen Jian , Zhang Guohao , Thompson Paul M. , Nichols Thomas E. , Hong L. Elliot 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundAltered brain connectivity is implicated in the development and clinical burden of schizophrenia. Relative to matched controls, schizophrenia patients show (1) a global and regional reduction in the integrity of the brain's white matter (WM), assessed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fractional anisotropy (FA), and (2) accelerated age‐related decline in FA values. In the largest mega‐analysis to date, we tested if differences in the trajectories of WM tract development influenced patient–control differences in FA. We also assessed if specific tracts showed exacerbated decline with aging.MethodsThree cohorts of schizophrenia patients (total n = 177) and controls (total n = 249; age = 18‐61 years) were ascertained with three 3T Siemens MRI scanners. Whole‐brain and regional FA values were extracted using ENIGMA‐DTI protocols. Statistics were evaluated using mega‐ and meta‐analyses to detect effects of diagnosis and age‐by‐diagnosis interactions.ResultsIn mega‐analysis of whole‐brain averaged FA, schizophrenia patients had lower FA (P = 10−11) and faster age‐related decline in FA (P = 0.02) compared with controls. Tract‐specific heterochronicity measures, that is, abnormal rates of adolescent maturation and aging explained approximately 50% of the regional variance effects of diagnosis and age‐by‐diagnosis interaction in patients. Interactive, three‐dimensional visualization of the results is available at www.enigma-viewer.org.ConclusionWM tracts that mature later in life appeared more sensitive to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and were more susceptible to faster age‐related decline in FA values. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4673–4688, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diphenyl Diselenide Reduces Oxidative Stress and Toxicity Caused by HSV‐2 Infection in Mice
Authors: Sartori Gláubia , Jardim Natália Silva , Sari Marcel Henrique Marcondes , Flores Eduardo F. , Prigol Marina , Nogueira Cristina W. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTHerpes simplex viruses can cause uncommon systemic complications as acute liver failure (ALT) or urinary tract dysfunctions. Diphenyl diselenide, (PhSe)2, a classical studied organic selenium compound, has a novel antiviral action against HSV‐2 infection and well‐known antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate if (PhSe)2 reduces oxidative stress and systemic toxicity caused by HSV‐2 infection in mice. Adult BALB/c mice were pre‐treated with (PhSe)2 (5 mg kg−1/day, intragastric, i.g.) during 5 days; at day 6 mice were infected with HSV‐2 (10 μl‐105 PFU/mL−1) and post‐treated with (PhSe)2 for more 5 days. At day 11, they were killed and samples of liver and kidney were obtained to determine: reactive species (RS); malondialdehyde (MDA), and non‐protein thiols (NPSH) levels; the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). The activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), Na+/K+‐ATPase (liver and kidney); alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and the levels of urea (plasma) were determined as markers of hepatic and renal toxicity. The results revealed that (PhSe)2 treatment was effective against the increase of renal and hepatic oxidative stress in infected mice and also normalized hepatic and renal ADA activity. It recovered the activity of Na+/K+‐ and was not effective against the increase in urea levels in infected mice. Different from (PhSe)2, acyclovir (positive control), caused an increase in ADA activity and a decrease in hepatic CAT activity. Considering the interest of alternative therapies to treat HSV‐2 infections and secondary complications, (PhSe)2 become a notable candidate. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1028–1037, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.