bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of cultural distance on international destination choices: The case of Chinese outbound travelers
Authors: Bi Juan , Lehto Xinran Y. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGiven the rapid growth of China outbound market, research pertaining to the specificities of this market bears significance to destination marketers and academicians. The focus of this research is on the impact of cultural distance on outbound tourist destination choices with Chinese travelers as the case in point. Based on outbound tourism statistics of China over the 1995–2014 periods, this research has developed an inverted U‐curve model to account for the relationship between cultural distance and tourists' destination choice. Results show that the optimal cultural distance for Chinese outbound tourists' destination choice is 2.8757. Through evaluating the positions, potential destinations are located relative to the optimal cultural distance. The preference tourists place on potential destinations can be measured. This research bears valuable theoretical contributions and implications for destination marketing practices.
Transformation Optics: From Classic Theory and Applications to its New Branches
Authors: Sun Fei , Zheng Bin , Chen Hongsheng , Jiang Wei , Guo Shuwei , Liu Yichao , Ma Yungui , He Sailing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the modern world, the ability to manipulate and control electromagnetic waves has greatly changed people's lives. Novel optical and electromagnetic phenomena and devices will lead to new scientific trends and techniques in the future. The exploration of new theories of optical design and new materials for optical engineering has attracted great attention in recent years. Transformation optics (TO) provides a new way to design optical devices with extraordinary predesigned functions such as invisibility cloaks and electromagnetic wormholes. As the development of artificial electromagnetic media (e.g. metamaterials and metasurfaces) progresses, many of these novel optical devices designed by TO have been experimentally demonstrated and used in specific applications. Starting from the basic theory of transformation optics, we review its applications, extensions, new branches and recent developments in this paper.
Nitrogen and water inputs to tomato plant do not trigger bottom‐up effects on a leafminer parasitoid through host and non‐host exposures
Authors: Dong Yong‐Cheng , Han Peng , Niu Chang‐Ying , Zappalà Lucia , Amiens‐Desneux Edwige , Bearez Philippe , Lavoir Anne‐Violette , Biondi Antonio , Desneux Nicolas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDBottom‐up and top‐down forces are major components of biological control against pests in an agro‐ecosystem. Understanding the multi‐trophic interactions between plants and secondary consumers would help optimize pest control strategies. We manipulated nitrogen and/or water inputs to tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) to test whether these manipulations could trigger bottom‐up effects on the parasitoid Necremnus tutae via host (Tuta absoluta) and/or non‐host (Bemisia tabaci) exposures, and compared the control efficacy of N. tutae on T. absoluta in the presence and absence of B. tabaci.RESULTSThe results showed no cascading effects of plant nitrogen and/or water inputs on N. tutae via either host or non‐host exposure. The bottom‐up force was mitigated by chewing or sap‐feeding insect consumers at the second energy level. By contrast, the top‐down force on T. absoluta from parasitoids was enhanced by an additionally provided non‐host, which could produce alternative food sources extending N. tutae longevity and enhancing the fitness of its offspring.CONCLUSIONOur results provided evidence for the combination of bottom‐up and top‐down approaches in tomato integrated pest management programs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A basic theory of inheritance: How bad practice prevails
Authors: Vermeulen Freek 
Published: October 2017

Research SummaryThis paper develops an inheritance theory explaining the diffusion and persistence of detrimental management practice. Received wisdom, in both management theory and practice, would suggest that a practice that lowers the life expectancy of adopting firms, over time, will vanish because it puts those firms at a competitive disadvantage. In this paper, I challenge this view. I develop a conceptual model that details how a practice that lowers the survival chances of adopting organizations may still spread and continue to exist across a population of firms. I propose that a combination of three basic conditions is sufficient to bring about this phenomenon: if the practice is somehow associated with success, if there exists causal ambiguity, and if the rate of its diffusion is high compared with the rate at which it accelerates firms’ demise, the practice may continue to thrive and become a widespread and persistent feature in an industry. A pivotal conceptual insight is that the endurance of particular management practices and strategies is not merely a corollary of the competitiveness of the organizations that use them but that they have fitness levels of their own.Managerial SummaryAll organizations have “best practices”: habits that they have picked up in the past or mimicked from others. Managers often believe that these must be the best ways of doing things, because otherwise market forces would have eliminated them. The theory in the paper explains why this belief may be wrong. Some enduring practices may be harmful without managers realizing it because it is not necessarily the most optimal practices that survive (just like harmful viruses persist in nature). As a corollary, the paper discusses how the identification and cessation of detrimental practices can form a new source of and way to understand innovation.
Government's green grip: Multifaceted state influence on corporate environmental actions in China
Authors: Wang Ruxi , Wijen Frank , Heugens Pursey P.M.A.R. 
Published: October 2017

Research summary: Emerging economies such as China enjoy economic expansion, but also face dramatic environmental challenges. China's government is a central actor in both stimulating economic activities and pursuing environmental protection. Drawing on panel data and in‐depth interviews, we examined the influence of the Chinese state at multiple levels on the environmental actions of publicly listed firms. The results show that corporate environmental actions follow an inverted U‐shape as control of environmental practices moves from the central government to the most decentral administrative level. This curvilinear relationship is positively moderated by the stringency of environmental regulation and negatively moderated by environmental monitoring capacity. We conclude that state influence on corporate environmental actions in China is multifaceted and subject to “policy‐policy decoupling.”
Managerial summary: As China's environmental awareness is growing, the country's government is increasingly concerned with the question as to how it can improve the environmental performance of the firms it controls. Our evidence shows the concurrence of two contravening government influences on corporate environmental practices: a performance‐enhancing effect of the regulatory pressure by multiple authorities and a performance‐diminishing effect of the autonomy enjoyed by local governments. Both the most centrally and the most decentrally controlled firms in China show significantly weaker environmental performance than those controlled by intermediary levels of government. The stringency of sectorial environmental regulation and environmental monitoring capacity affect the strength of the Chinese government's green grip.
The growth of the firm: An attention‐based view
Authors: Joseph John , Wilson Alex J. 
Published: October 2017

Research summary: Although most theories of growth presume that growth varies with the focus and limits of managerial attention, the actual role played by attention has remained largely implicit. In contrast, this article explicitly considers attention structure and the processes that place sustained focus on growth issues. We explain how attention structure—specialized attention within a particular unit and integrated attention between units—affects both bottom‐up (stimulus‐driven) and top‐down (schema‐driven) attentional processing of new issues. We also examine the relationship between attention structure and divisional interdependencies, identifying conditions under which different attentional patterns generate organizational tensions that lead to architectural elaboration: the delineation of new organizational units. This logic is illustrated with examples from Motorola, a large telecommunications equipment provider, during a period of sustained growth. In linking theories of growth with the attention‐based view (ABV), we augment both perspectives and offer an approach that provides a better understand growth's cognitive underpinnings.
Managerial summary: We examine how, within a multi‐divisional firm, the pattern of organizational attention affects firm growth. We highlight the attention focus within and between divisions and the corporate office and specific processes that shape the intensity and direction of attention in the firm's constituent units. In particular, we examine how corporate interventions, appointment of managerial resources, prototyping, and corporate charters direct managerial attention and the identification and advancement new opportunities in support of growth. Our approach also considers how attention patterns and formal organizational structure interact to cause tensions between managers, and when these tensions lead to the delineation of new subunits. To illustrate our logic, we use examples drawn from Motorola, a large telecommunications equipment provider, during a period of sustained growth. Our approach offers managers insights into attentional design of the multi‐divisional firm.
Compulsory Schooling Laws and Migration Across European Countries
Authors: Aparicio Fenoll Ainhoa , Kuehn Zoë 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Educational attainment is a key factor for understanding why some individuals migrate and others do not. Compulsory schooling laws, which determine an individual’s minimum level of education, can potentially affect migration. We test whether and how increasing the length of compulsory schooling influences migration of affected cohorts across European countries, a context where labor mobility is essentially free. We construct a novel database that includes information for 31 European countries on compulsory education reforms passed between 1950 and 1990. Combining this data with information on recent migration flows by cohorts, we find that an additional year of compulsory education reduces the number of individuals from affected cohorts who migrate in a given year by 9 %. Our results rely on the exogeneity of compulsory schooling laws. A variety of empirical tests indicate that European legislators did not pass compulsory education reforms as a reaction to changes in emigration rates or educational attainment.
Accuracy of the Ottawa Ankle Rules applied by non-physician providers in a pediatric emergency department
Authors: MacLellan Joe , Smith Teya , Baserman Jason , Dowling Shawn 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe Ottawa Ankle Rules (OAR) are a clinical decision tool used to minimize unnecessary radiographs in ankle and foot injuries. The OAR are a reliable tool to exclude fractures in children over 5 years of age when applied by physicians. Limited data support its use by other health care workers in children. Our objective was to determine the accuracy of the OAR when applied by non-physician providers (NPP).MethodsChildren aged 5 to 17 years presenting with an acute ankle or foot injury were enrolled. Phase 1 captured baseline data on x-ray use in 106 patients. NPPs were then educated on the usage of the OAR and completed an OAR learning module. In phase 2, NPPs applied the OAR to 184 included patients.ResultsThe sensitivity of the foot rule, as applied by NPP’s, was 100% (56-100% CI) and the specificity was 17% (9-29% CI) for clinically significant fractures. The sensitivity of the ankle portion of the rule, as applied by NPP’s, was 88% (47-99 CI) and the specificity was 31% (23-40% CI) for clinically significant fractures. The only clinically significant fracture missed by NPP’s was detected on physician assessment. Inter-observer agreement was κ=0.24 for the ankle rule and κ=0.49 for the foot rule.ConclusionThe sensitivity of the OAR when applied by NPP’s was very good. More training and practice using the OAR would likely improve NPP’s inter-observer reliability. Our data suggest the OAR may be a useful tool for NPP’s to apply prior to physician assessment.
Testing the effectiveness of a transdiagnostic treatment approach in reducing violence and alcohol abuse among families in Zambia: study protocol of the Violence and Alcohol Treatment (VATU) trial
Authors: Kane J. C. , Skavenski Van Wyk S. , Murray S. M. , Bolton P. , Melendez F. , Danielson C. K. , Chimponda P. , Munthali S. , Murray L. K. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundViolence against women and girls (VAWG) is an urgent global health problem. Root causes for VAWG include the individual- and family-level factors of alcohol abuse, mental health problems, violence exposure, and related adverse experiences. Few studies in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have assessed the effectiveness of psychological interventions for reducing VAWG. This randomized controlled trial, part of the What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls consortium, examines the effectiveness of a common elements treatment approach (CETA) for reducing VAWG and comorbid alcohol abuse among families in Zambia.Methods/designStudy participants are families consisting of three persons: an adult woman, her male husband or partner, and one of her children aged 8–17 (if available). Eligibility criteria include experience of moderate-to-severe intimate partner violence by the woman and hazardous alcohol use by her male partner. Family units are randomized to receive CETA or treatment as usual. The primary outcome is VAWG as measured by the Severity of Violence Against Women Scale, assessed along with secondary outcomes at 24 months post-baseline. Interim assessments are also conducted at 4–5 months (following CETA completion) and 12 months post-baseline.ConclusionsThis ongoing trial is one of the first in sub-Saharan Africa to evaluate the use of an evidence-based common elements approach for reducing VAWG by targeting a range of individual- and family-level factors, including alcohol abuse. Results of this trial will inform policy on what interventions work to prevent VAWG in LMIC with local perspectives on scale up and wider implementation.
Les sculptures funéraires de Cyrénaïque sur le marché de l'art
Authors: Belzic Morgan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the course of my research on Cyrenaican funerary sculptures, such as the remarkable ‘Mourning Women’ and ‘Funerary Divinities’ and the distinctive local funerary portraits, I realised to my dismay that a large part of this archaeological material has been or is currently on sale on the international art market. The number of sales of these sculptures on the art market demonstrates the extent of looting over the past twenty years in the Greek necropoleis of Libya. These sales show in particular that the degree of tomb destruction has increased exponentially during the past ten years. This preliminary discussion has three main objectives: 1) to alert and to inform the world about this destruction in order to help end the looting; 2) to describe the operational modes of the illicit trade in antiquities on the art market; and 3) to study and document these sculptures, which are important evidence for understanding the culture and history of ancient Cyrenaica.
MUSSOLINI AND THE FALL OF FASCISM, 25 JULY 1943: A REAPPRAISAL
Authors: GIN EMILIO 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe article addresses the question of Mussolini's role in the fall of fascism. After Alamein and Stalingrad, in order to save the regime, Mussolini's main concern became how to reach a compromise peace agreement with Soviet Russia. As Hitler remained obdurate, however, the sole option left to theducewas to send stern warnings to Berlin about the precariousness of his domestic position. Mussolini's growing apathy and unusual passivity facing domestic opposition, as well as his demeanour during the Grand Council of Fascism, between 24 and 25 July 1943, which eventually spelled his fate, have often been interpreted as the result of his declining health or of his overconfidence. On the contrary, in his desperate struggle to sway Hitler, Mussolini needed to provide him with a last and unquestionable proof of how awful the situation had become for the regime in Italy and for himself. In Mussolini's twisted calculations, by deliberately provoking the opposition against him, the vote in the Grand Council would have provided that evidence. It proved to be his last political gamble.
DIETARY DIVERSITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS IN RURAL INDIA
Authors: Nithya D. J. , Bhavani R. V. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryDietary diversity is associated with household or individual food availability and intake of nutrients from different food groups and is an important component of nutritional outcome. This study examined the Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) of three dietary diversity indices and their relationship with the nutritional status of adolescents and adults in rural regions of two states in India, Wardha district in Maharashtra and Koraput district in Odisha, in 2014. Individual dietary diversity was calculated using 24-hour diet recall (FS24hr) data and household dietary diversity was measured with food frequency data using Berry’s index (DDI) and food scores (FSFFQ). The nutritional status of individuals was assessed using anthropometric indices. The diets in both locations were cereal dominated. It was observed that 51% of adolescent boys and 27% of adolescent girls had ‘thinness’ and stunting. The prevalence of undernutrition was higher among adult women (48%) than adult men (36%). The mean diversity indices were FS24hrof 8, DDI of 89–90 and FSFFQof 64–66 in the two locations. The FS24hrwas found to be positively correlated with the NAR of all nutrients while DDI and FSFFQwere correlated with seven and six nutrients, respectively. The DDI and FS24hrshowed an association with MAR if the two locations were combined together. Sensitivity and specificity analysis showed that FS24hrgave more true positives than false positives and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was 0.68, implying that this measure truly differentiates individuals having low dietary diversity with low MAR from those with low dietary diversity and a high MAR. All three measures of dietary diversity showed a linear association with the nutritional outcomes of adults, while in the adolescent group only DDI showed a relationship. It is concluded that 24-hour diet recall is a good measure for studying the relationship between dietary diversity and nutritional status in adults.
BIRTH ORDER, STAGE OF INFANCY AND INFANT MORTALITY IN INDIA
Authors: Mishra S. K. , Ram Bali , Singh Abhishek , Yadav Awdhesh 
Published: October 2017

SummaryUsing data from India’s National Family Health Survey, 2005–06 (NFHS-3), this article examines the patterns of relationship between birth order and infant mortality. The analysis controls for a number of variables, including mother’s characteristics such as age at the time of survey, current place of residence (urban/rural), years of schooling, religion, caste, and child’s sex and birth weight. A modest J-shaped relationship between birth order of children and their risk of dying in the neonatal period is found, suggesting that although both first- and last-born children are at a significantly greater risk of dying compared with those in the middle, last-borns (i.e. fourth and higher order births) are at the worst risk. However, in the post-neonatal period first-borns are not as vulnerable, but the risk increases steadily with the addition of successive births and last-borns are at much greater risk, even worse than those in the neonatal period. Although the strength of relationship between birth order and mortality is attenuated after the potential confounders are taken into account, the relationship between the two variables remains curvilinear in the neonatal period and direct in the post-neonatal period. There are marked differences in these patterns by the child’s sex. While female children are less prone to the risk of dying in the neonatal period in comparison with male children, the converse is true in the post-neonatal period. Female children not only run higher risks of dying in the post-neonatal period, but also become progressively more vulnerable with an increase in birth order.
Nutrition warnings as front-of-pack labels: influence of design features on healthfulness perception and attentional capture
Authors: Cabrera Manuel , Machín Leandro , Arrúa Alejandra , Antúnez Lucía , Curutchet María Rosa , Giménez Ana , Ares Gastón 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveWarnings are a new directive front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labelling scheme that highlights products with high content of key nutrients. The design of warnings influences their ability to catch consumers’ attention and to clearly communicate their intended meaning, which are key determinants of their effectiveness. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of design features of warnings as a FOP nutrition labelling scheme on perceived healthfulness and attentional capture.DesignFive studies with a total of 496 people were carried out. In the first study, the association of colour and perceived healthfulness was evaluated in an online survey in which participants had to rate their perceived healthfulness of eight colours. In the second study, the influence of colour, shape and textual information on perceived healthfulness was evaluated using choice-conjoint analysis. The third study focused on implicit associations between two design features (shape and colour) on perceived healthfulness. The fourth and fifth studies used visual search to evaluate the influence of colour, size and position of the warnings on attentional capture.ResultsPerceived healthfulness was significantly influenced by shape, colour and textual information. Colour was the variable with the largest contribution to perceived healthfulness. Colour, size and position of the warnings on the labels affected attentional capture.ConclusionsResults from the experiments provide recommendations for the design of warnings to identify products with unfavourable nutrient profile.
Alternative standard frequencies for interstellar communication
Authors: Sivaram C. , Arun Kenath , Kiren O. V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe 21 cm hydrogen line is considered a favourable frequency by the SETI programme in their search for signals from potential extraterrestrial (ET) civilizations. The Pioneer plaque, attached to the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 spacecraft, portrays the hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen and used the wavelength as a standard scale of measurement. Although this line would be universally recognized and is a suitable wavelength to look for radio signals from ETs, the presence of ubiquitous radiation from galactic hydrogen could make searches a little difficult. In this paper, we suggest several alternate standard frequencies, which are free of interference from atomic or molecular sources and is independent of any bias.