bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On bilinguals’ development of metalinguistic awareness and its transfer to L3 learning: The role of language characteristics
Authors: Huang Kuan-Jung 
Published: December 2016

Aims: With language characteristics shown to be a factor mediating bilinguals’ metalinguistic awareness, the present study attempts to give a clearer picture of the impact of language characteristics, avoiding confounds such as exposure opportunities and language experiences, which previous studies with comparisons made between monolinguals and bilinguals were subject to. Design: Two groups of bilinguals speaking the same first language (L1) but different second languages (L2s) were tested for their performance on a morphosyntactic awareness task. Other confounds (L1 proficiency and nonverbal intelligence) were statistically controlled. Data and Analysis: After five outliers were deleted, data from 22 Chinese–English bilinguals and 20 Chinese–Southern Min bilinguals were analyzed, by mainly using analyses of covariance. Findings: The results showed that, with nonverbal intelligence and Chinese proficiency controlled for, Chinese–English bilinguals scored significantly higher than their counterparts only on the past tense suffix task, one tested feature in which Chinese and English differ but which both Chinese and Southern Min lack. They did not, however, differ on the other contrasting feature, present suffix, probably due to its inconsistent presence in English. The two groups showed no difference on subject–object–verb and inflectional negation features that both their L1s and L2s lack. Originality: Unlike the metalinguistic awareness measure (grammatical error detection and correction) commonly used in previous studies, our task was adapted into a version using an unlearned third language (L3) (Japanese), which could reflect children’s cross-language transfer of metalinguistic knowledge. Besides, our metamorphological awareness measure was focused on inflectional morphology, whose influence on the bilingual advantage should be important but has yet received scant attention in the earlier literature. Significance: The overall results cross-validated the important role of language characteristics in bilinguals’ development of metalinguistic awareness and suggested that the metamorphological awareness is likely to facilitate bilinguals’ learning of an L3.
Characterization of Body Composition and Fat Mass Distribution 1 Year After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Pantik Catherine , Cho Young-Eun , Hathaway Donna , Tolley Elizabeth , Cashion Ann 
Published: December 2016

Purpose: In some recipients, significant weight gain occurs after kidney transplantation. Weight gain is associated with poor outcomes, particularly increased cardiovascular risk. In this study, we characterized changes in body mass index and body fat mass and compared them based on gender and race. Methods: Fifty-two kidney transplant recipients (aged ≥18 years old, 50% men, 58% African American) were enrolled into a prospective study. Body mass index and body fat mass were measured at baseline and 12 months posttransplant. Body fat mass was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The mean increase in body weight was 3.7kg at 12 months; 36.5% (n=19) gained at least 10% of their baseline body weight. Body mass index, percentage of total body fat, and trunk fat were significantly increased. In subgroups, women and African American showed significant increases in body mass index and body fat measures. More participants were classified as obese based on total body fat compared to body mass index. Calories from fat were significantly increased at 12 months and associated with increased body mass index, total body fat, and trunk fat. Days of physical activity were significantly increased. Conclusion: Both body mass index and total body fat mass were significantly increased at 12 months following kidney transplantation, especially for women and African Americans. Importantly, more participants were classified as obese based on total body fat compared to body mass index. Relevant nutrition and physical intervention should be provided, and both body mass index and body fat mass should be evaluated when monitoring weight gain.
Restoring the Anatomy of Calcaneal Fractures: A Simple Technique With Radiographic Review
Authors: Cottom James M. , Baker Joseph S. 
Published: December 2016

Displaced, intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus result in gross deformity of the hindfoot, which must be reduced during surgical fixation. Described techniques aimed at restoring the normal anatomy of the calcaneus have mostly been focused on percutaneous methods, which are not without complication. Described in this report is a method of anatomic reduction during open reduction and internal fixation of these injuries, which uses a lamina spreader to simultaneously reduce calcaneal varus, restore calcaneal height, reduce the subtalar joint, and restore normal calcaneal width. Additionally, 6 patients with 7 calcaneal fractures were identified that underwent this technique, and radiographic review was performed. Varus deformity of the calcaneus was measured as 93.8 ± 4.3° (range 88.1° to 100.5°) preoperatively and 83.3 ± 3.7° (range 77.8° to 89.4°) postoperatively, with a mean difference of 10.9 ± 5.6° (range 1.3° to 17.3°; P = .0564). Bohler’s angle was measured as 16.5 ± 16.9° (range −7.5° to 37.9°) preoperatively and 33.3 ± 12.5° (range 20.5° to 54.5°) postoperatively, the mean difference being 16.7 ± 15.0° (range 0.4° to 39.9°; P = .0288). Critical angle of Gissane was measured as 108.8 ± 14.0° (range 93.1° to 132.4°) preoperatively and 123.3 ± 6.6° (range 113.9° to 134.4°) postoperatively, with a mean difference of 16.2 ± 9.1° (range 5.8° to 29.7°; P = .0004). Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Retrospective
Stent-assisted coil embolization of a recurrent posterior cerebral artery aneurysm following surgical clipping
Authors: Takeshita Tomonori , Nagamine Tomoaki , Ishihara Kohei , Kaku Yasuhiko 
Published: December 2016

Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) aneurysms are rare, and direct surgery of these is considered difficult. Coil embolization of PCA aneurysms is becoming popular. However, it is difficult to completely obliterate the aneurysm while preserving the flow of the parent artery in large or giant PCA aneurysms with a wide neck with this technique. We report a case of a large and wide-necked PCA aneurysm with multiple recurrences following successful surgical clipping and coil embolization. A 77-year-old man with a large unruptured right PCA (P2) aneurysm was successfully treated by surgical clipping. Postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed complete aneurismal occlusion. Four years afterward, the aneurysm recurred and grew toward the contralateral. Surgical retreatment of this complicated aneurysm was considered difficult, with a substantial risk of complications. Therefore, the aneurysm was treated with an endovascular procedure. Because simple coil embolization was not expected to achieve satisfactory obliteration of the aneurysm with preservation of parent artery patency, we used stent-assisted coil embolization. The patient tolerated the treatment well. On DSA obtained six months after the first endovascular treatment, coil compaction and recanalization of the aneurysm were detected. A second coil embolization was successfully performed without any complications. The aneurysm was stable during the next six-month follow-up. Stent-assisted coil embolization may be feasible and effective for such postoperatively complicated aneurysms.
A wearable soft-robotic glove enables hand support in ADL and rehabilitation: A feasibility study on the assistive functionality
Authors: Radder Bob , Prange-Lasonder Gerdienke B , Kottink Anke IR , Gaasbeek Liesbeth , Holmberg Johnny , Meyer Thomas , Melendez-Calderon Alejandro , Ingvast Johan , Buurke Jaap H , Rietman Johan S 
Published: December 2016

Background Elderly people frequently experience a decline in hand function, due to ageing or diseases. This leads to decreased independence in activities of daily living (ADL). Assistive technology may enhance independence. Objectives The objective of this paper was to explore user acceptance of an affordable wearable soft-robotic glove (ironHand (iH) system), that supports grip and hand opening in ADL. In addition, functional performance with the iH system was explored. Methods For this study 28 elderly people used the iH system across two sessions. During these sessions, participants performed six functional tasks with and without the iH system. Outcome measures were System Usability Scale (SUS), Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) and performance time of the functional tasks. Results User acceptance scored highly, with a mean SUS score of at least 63.4 (SD = 19.0) and a mean IMI score of 5.1 points (SD = 0.97 points). Functional task performance improved across repetitions both with and without the glove ( p ≤ 0.017), but all functional tasks were performed faster without the glove ( p ≤ 0.032). Conclusion Participants perceived the iH system as useful, pleasant and meaningful. The learning curve in functional performance time (improvements across repetitions) is promising, since it suggests there is room for improved performance when a longer acquaintance period is applied.
Effect of comorbidities on the management and prognosis in patients with oral cancer
Authors: Yang Yi-Hsin , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: December 2016

Background: The presence of comorbidities may play an important role in the way treatment plans are developed for management of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and impact of comorbidities in a retrospective nationwide population-based study of patients with oral cavity cancers. Material and methods: A total of 16,676 oral cavity cancer patients diagnosed in the period 2007–2010 were identified through the Taiwan Cancer Registry database. By linking this data set to the National Health Insurance Research Database and the death registry, information on comorbidity and cause of death was obtained and adapted to the Charlson’s comorbidity index. The influence of comorbidity on overall survival and cancer-related death was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox regressions. Results: In total, 21.3% of patients had some comorbidity during the year before cancer diagnosis. Diabetes mellitus was found to be the most common comorbidity (10%). Methods of management were significantly different in patients with stages 2, 3 and 4 of the disease. Those with severe comorbidity conditions received less surgical interventions (5–13%) compared with the patients without any comorbidity. Differences in the survival rates were only significant in all-cause death, but not in cancer-related death in the early stages (stages 1 and 2). Two-year survival rates for patients with severe comorbidity conditions were lower by 10–22% given the same stage of disease and treatment modality. Conclusion: The survival rates of oral cancer patients in early stages are lower in patients with comorbidity conditions and this may be due to the less aggressive cancer treatment offered to this group of patients. Comorbidities affect the decision on cancer treatment modality and thereby outcomes.
Characterizing Patients with Very-Low-Level HIV Viremia: A Community-Based Study
Authors: Helou Elie , Shenoi Sheela , Kyriakides Tassos , Landry Marie-Louise , Kozal Michael , Barakat Lydia Aoun 
Published: December 2016

Objective: Very-low-level viremia (VLLV) is a relatively new concept in the realm of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care. Newer generation assays are now able to detect plasma HIV RNA Viral Load (VL) levels as low as 20 copies/mL. The authors characterized patients with VLLV (VL between 20 and 50 copies/mL) in order to identify possible risk factors associated with virologic failure and poor clinical outcomes. Methods: The authors reviewed 119 consecutive charts of patients with VLLV. Sociodemographic data were extracted and viral load and CD4 counts were trended over a 12 month period (February 2013-February 2014). Regression analysis was used to assess the role of different factors on virologic failure at 1 year. Results: Of the study participants with evaluable data (n = 100), the median age was 53 years (interquartile range: 43-57.5), 67% were nonwhite, 34% were women, 58% were smokers, 47% were alcoholics, 58% had a history of intravenous drug use, and 40% were coinfected with hepatitis C virus. More than half of the participants had 3 or more comorbidities and their HIV pill burden was high (more than 2 pills daily). After 12 months, 65 participants achieved undetectable viral load levels, whereas 15 experienced virologic failure (2 consecutive viral loads > 50 copies/mL) and the remaining 20 had persistent VLLV. In the virologic failure group, there was a predominance of white males (66%) with a significant number of comorbidities and pill burden. Univariate logistic regression suggested that there was a difference between the failure versus nonfailure groups in terms of race, ethnicity, and alcohol use. Multivariate regression with virological failure as the outcome suggested a trend only in terms of participant’s alcohol use. Conclusion: Most patients with initial VLLV (70%) achieved virologic suppression at 1 year with no antiretroviral therapy changes. Thus, VLLV does not necessarily predict virologic failure and should not prompt more frequent clinic visits or antiretroviral regimen changes. Further research is needed in order to determine the predictors of virologic failure in this subset of patients and the clinicians’ attitude toward VLLV.
Shout-It-Now: A Mobile HCT Model Employing Technology and Edutainment in South Africa
Authors: Daniels Joseph , Komarek Arnost , Forgreive Bruce , Pahl Kathryn , Stafford Stephen , Bruns Laurie Campbell , Coates Thomas 
Published: December 2016

Background: Mobile HIV counseling and testing (HCT) has been effective in reaching men, women, and adolescents in South Africa. However, there is limited understanding of effective mobile HCT programs utilizing tools like technology and edutainment to increase HIV counseling and testing rates. The authors examine data from the Shout-It-Now (S-N) program that uses such tools in South Africa. Methods: The S-N program utilizes various forms of technology and ongoing telephonic counseling within a 6-step program of HIV testing and linkage-to-care support, and program data were analyzed over an 18-month period. Data were analyzed from women, men, and adolescent program participants. Summative statistics was conducted on participant registration, HIV risk assessment, and HIV testing profiles. HIV prevalence were estimated along with the related 95% confidence intervals using the Clopper-Pearson method. Results: Over an 18-month period, there were 72 220 program participants with high representation of men, women, and adolescents and 40% of the participants being men at each site. There were 3343 participants who tested HIV positive, and a higher proportion of women tested positive. Discussion: Integrating technology, quality assurance measures, and edutainment with mobile HCT has the potential to increase the number of those who test within communities. Research is needed to understand the effectiveness of this model in facilitating regular testing and linkage to care.
The Lair: a resource for exploratory analysis of published RNA-Seq data
Authors: Pimentel Harold , Sturmfels Pascal , Bray Nicolas , Melsted Páll , Pachter Lior 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIncreased emphasis on reproducibility of published research in the last few years has led to the large-scale archiving of sequencing data. While this data can, in theory, be used to reproduce results in papers, it is difficult to use in practice. We introduce a series of tools for processing and analyzing RNA-Seq data in the Sequence Read Archive, that together have allowed us to build an easily extendable resource for analysis of data underlying published papers. Our system makes the exploration of data easily accessible and usable without technical expertise. Our database and associated tools can be accessed at The Lair: http://pachterlab.github.io/lair.
Mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are glycolytic and thus glucose is a limiting factor of in vitro models of MSC starvation
Authors: Nuschke Austin , Rodrigues Melanie , Wells Albin W. , Sylakowski Kyle , Wells Alan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stem/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) contribute to tissue repair but are challenged during wound healing when the blood supply is disrupted, thereby limiting nutrient delivery. Survival mechanisms against ‘starvation’ include autophagy, which we previously found to enhance differentiation efficiency. MSC response to models of in vitro nutrient deprivation are of great interest for improving MSC survival and therapeutic efficacy; however, the rate-limiting nutrients are unknown.

Methods
MSC responses to culture nutrient and/or serum deprivations were assessed through light microscopy, cell survival, and measurements of metabolic levels. Glucose uptake was determined through conditioned media analyses over 3 days of culture. The Seahorse XF24 Flux analysis system was used to determine oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification for glycolytic metabolism. MSC autophagic response to these conditions was assessed via immunoblots for LC3-I and LC3-II, markers of autophagosome turnover.

Results
We more closely examined limiting nutritional factors to MSC survival in vitro, finding that glucose is rapidly utilized/depleted whereas amino acids and other required nutrients were used sparingly. This finding concurred with metabolic analyses that showed a primarily glycolytic character to the MSCs at steady state. MSC autophagy, previously linked to MSC function through a unique accumulated autophagosome phenotype, also responded quickly to changes in glucose concentration, with drastic LC3-II changes within 24 h of glucose concentration shifts.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated a rapid uptake of glucose in MSC cultures that was due to a highly glycolytic phenotype for the cells; MSC starvation with serum or other nutrients appears to have a less notable effect on the cells. These findings highlight the importance of glucose and glucose metabolism on MSC function. The conditions and cellular responses outlined here may be essential in modeling MSC nutrient deprivation.
Umbilical cord blood-derived non-hematopoietic stem cells retrieved and expanded on bone marrow-derived extracellular matrix display pluripotent characteristics
Authors: Wu Junjie , Sun Yun , Block Travis J. , Marinkovic Milos , Zhang Zhi-Liang , Chen Richard , Yin Yixia , Song Juquan , Dean David D. , Lu Zhongding , Chen Xiao-Dong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundUmbilical cord blood (UCB) not only contains hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), but also non-hematopoietic stem cells (NHSCs) that are able to differentiate into a number of distinct cell types. Based on studies published to date, the frequency of NHSCs in UCB is believed to be very low. However, the isolation of these cells is primarily based on their adhesion to tissue culture plastic surfaces.Methods and resultsIn the current study, we demonstrate that this approach overlooks some of the extremely immature NHSCs because they lack the ability to adhere to plastic. Using a native extracellular matrix (ECM), produced by bone marrow (BM) stromal cells, the majority of the UCB-NHSCs attached within 4 h. The colony-forming unit fibroblast frequency of these cells was 1.5 × 104/108mononuclear cells, which is at least 4000-fold greater than previously reported for UCB-NHSCs. The phenotype of these cells was fibroblast-like and different from those obtained by plastic adhesion; they formed embryonic body-like clusters that were OCT4-positive and expressed other human embryonic stem cell-related markers. Importantly, when implanted subcutaneously for 8 weeks into immunocompromised mice, these ECM-adherent and expanded NHSCs generated three germ layer-derived human tissues including muscle, fat, blood vessel, bone, gland, and nerve. Moreover, injection of these cells into muscle damaged by cryoinjury significantly accelerated muscle regeneration.ConclusionsThese results indicate that UCB may be a virtually unlimited source of NHSCs when combined with isolation and expansion on ECM. NHSCs may be a practical alternative to embryonic stem cells for a number of therapeutic applications.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: microRNA -140-5p inhibits colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis by targeting ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5
Authors: Yu Lihui , Lu Ying , Han Xiaocui , Zhao Wenyue , Li Jiazhi , Mao Jun , Wang Bo , Shen Jie , Fan Shujun , Wang Lu , Wang Mei , Li Lianhong , Tang Jianwu , Song Bo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. microRNA-140-5p (miR-140) has been shown to be involved in cartilage development and osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. Some contradictions still exist concerning the role of miR-140 in tumor progression and metastasis, and the underlying mechanism is uncertain.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expressions of ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5 in CRC tissues. Human CRC cell lines HCT116 and RKO were transfected with miR-140 mimic, inhibitor, or small interfering RNA (siRNA) against ADAMTS5 or IGFBP5, respectively, using oligofectamine or lipofectamine 2000. Scratch-wound assay and transwell migration and invasion assays were used to evaluate the effects of miR-140 on the capabilities of migration and invasion. The levels of miR-140 and ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5 mRNA were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot was performed to examine the expression of ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5 proteins.

Results
miR-140 was significantly reduced, whereas ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5 were upregulated, in the human CRC tissues compared to the corresponding normal colorectal mucosa. miR-140 downregulation and ADAMTS5 or IGFBP5 overexpression were associated with the advanced TNM stage and distant metastasis of CRC. There was a reverse correlation between miR-140 levels and ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5 expression in CRC tissues. ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5 were downregulated by miR-140 at both the protein and mRNA levels in the CRC cell lines. The gain-of- and loss-of-function studies showed that miR-140 inhibited CRC cell migratory and invasive capacities at least partially via downregulating the expression of ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that miR-140 suppresses CRC progression and metastasis, possibly through downregulating ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5. miR-140 might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of CRC.
Cortisol as a predictor of psychological therapy response in depressive disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fischer Susanne , Strawbridge Rebecca , Vives Andres Herane , Cleare Anthony J. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundMany patients with depressive disorders demonstrate resistance to psychological therapy. A frequent finding is hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis alterations. As cortisol is known to modulate cognitive processes, those patients may be less likely to profit from psychological therapy.AimsTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on cortisol as a predictor of psychological therapy response.MethodThe Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched. Records were included if they looked at patients with any depressive disorder engaging in psychological therapy, with a pre-treatment cortisol and a post-treatment symptom measure.ResultsEight articles satisfied our selection criteria. The higher the cortisol levels before starting psychological therapy, the more symptoms patients with depression experienced at the end of treatment and/or the smaller their symptom change.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that patients with depression with elevated HPA functioning are less responsive to psychological therapy.