bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintenance Rights of Women in Different Laws
Authors: Malviya Mukesh Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Women of every society whether it be of developed, developing or that of underdeveloped holds a unique position This is particularly due to the various roles they play during various stages of their life, as a daughter, wife, mother and sister etc . Inspite of her contribution in the life of every individual human being, she still belongs to a class or group of society which is in a disadvantaged position . Her empowerment is not necessary only for the sake of achieving the goals of equity etc, but it is also one of the critical elements in the fight against poverty reduction, economic growth and strengthening of civil society.
ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGIES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR UKRAINE
Authors: Baldynyuk Vasyl 
Published: October 2024

The article reviews the publications of domestic and foreign scholars on the problems of forming an anti-corruption strategy in public administration. It is established that corruption remains a serious problem for Ukraine, affecting governance, economy and public confidence. European integration ambitions and cooperation with international organizations make the fight against corruption critical to progress towards the EU. The war creates new challenges, particularly in the use of resources for reconstruction, where transparency is key. Although the NABU, SAPO, and HACC have been established and their effectiveness is debated, corruption continues to exist in procurement, taxation, and justice. Anti-corruption strategies should strengthen institutions and increase transparency. The article analyzes the existing anti-corruption measures in Ukrainian and their compliance with international standards. Based on an empirical study of international standards, Ukrainian legislation, and documents of official anti-corruption institutions of Ukraine, the main positions of the institutional and legal framework governing the fight against corruption, including control, reporting and transparency mechanisms, are investigated and key challenges that impede the effective implementation of anti-corruption policies in the public sector are identified. The study of the best international practices in the fight against corruption allowed us to formulate the main directions of their adaptation and possible implementation in Ukrainian. In order to formulate an effective anti-corruption strategy for Ukraine in the current environment, it is necessary to create online platforms for access to procurement and decision-making data, improve the protection of whistleblowers, and accelerate judicial reform. The importance of automating the control of revenues and expenditures, digitizing administrative services, simplifying the issuance of documents, involving citizens in the fight against corruption through monitoring and strengthening cooperation with international organizations (GRECO, Transparency International, OECD) is established. A comprehensive approach to combating corruption requires regular training of civil servants and the introduction of anti-corruption culture into educational programs.
Bacterial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) using various waste carbon sources
Authors: Naseem Aansa , Rasul Ijaz , Ali Raza Zulfiqar , Muneer Faizan , ur Rehman Asad , Nadeem Habibullah 
Published: October 2024

Synthetic plastics are in great demand in society due to their diversified properties, but they cause environmental pollution due to their non-biodegradable nature. Therefore, synthetic plastics are in need to be replaced with biodegradable plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), bacterial biopolymers are natural alternative to synthetic plastics. These are present inside the bacterial cytoplasm in granular form. Presently, the production cost of PHA is high due to expensive carbon substrates used in its biosynthesis. Therefore, this study focuses on the cost-effective production of PHA using waste carbon sources. Rice bran and sugarcane molasses were used as the carbon source for PHA production from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Alcaligenes sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PHA production from these bacterial strains was confirmed through Sudan Black-B screening. With rice bran, as carbon source, the highest PHA yield obtained was for P. aeruginosa, which yielded 93.7% and lowest was 35.5% for B. cereus. Surprisingly, B. cereus produced the highest cell dry mass (0.045 g/L) but its extracted PHA contents were lowest being only 0.02 g/L. Alcaligenes sp. with 0.031 g/L CDM yielded 87.1% PHA. B. subtilis had a CDM 0.029 g/L, 0.02 g/L PHA content and a yield of 69.10%. In the case of sugarcane molasses, P. aeruginosa produced 95% PHA yield, 0.02 g/L CDM, and 0.019 g/L PHA content. Alcaligenes sp. yielded 90.9% PHA, 0.011 g/L CDM, and 0.01 g/L PHA content. B. subtilis produced 91.6% PHA yield, 0.012 g/L CDM, 0.011 g/L PHA content; B. cereus produced 80% PHA yield, 0.015 g/L CDM, 0.012 g/L PHA content at 37 °C, pH 7. Higher concentrations of carbon sources increased the CDM and decreased the PHA yield. The maximum yield of PHA was obtained from sugarcane molasses. 24–48 h of incubation was optimal for B. subtilis and B. cereus, while for Alcaligenes and P. aeruginosa incubation time of 48–96 h was desirable for higher PHA yield. The extracted biopolymers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which identified the extracted biopolymers as poly-3-hydroxybutyrate P(3HB). The thermal properties of the extracted biopolymers, such as melting temperatures, were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which confirmed the thermal stability.
Association analysis of MTHFR (rs1801133 and rs1801131) gene polymorphism towards the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Dali area population from Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Liu Yongxin , Pu Genyuan , Yang Caiting , Wang Yuqing , Jin Kaitai , Wang Shengrong , Liang Xiao , Hu Shenghe , Sun Shuguang , Lai Mingming 
Published: October 2024

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common complex metabolic disorder that exhibits a strong genetic predisposition. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) regulates folate metabolism, which has been proposed to be associated with T2DM, although the relationship is inconsistent among different geographical areas. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) loci polymorphisms on T2DM susceptibility in the population of the Dali area in Yunnan Province, China.

Methods
This case-control study included 445 patients with T2DM and 272 healthy control individuals from the Dali area of Yunnan Province. Genotyping of the MTHFR gene polymorphisms was performed using the competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) method. The effects of genetic variations of the MTHFR gene on T2DM risk were evaluated using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.

Results
The results of the present study revealed that the TT genotype (OR = 1.750, P = 0.030) and the T allele (OR = 1.252, P = 0.047) at the MTHFR C677T locus were considerably associated with the increased odds of developing T2DM. In addition, the CC genotype (OR = 3.132, P = 0.032) at the MTHFR A1298C locus also substantially increased the odds of developing T2DM. The T-A haplotype (OR = 1.305, P = 0.030) of MTHFR C677T and A1298C exhibited the increased odds of developing T2DM. Biochemical index analyses showed that patients with T2DM who carried the CT or TT genotype of MTHFR C677T expressed substantially higher levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), homocysteine (Hcy), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) than those of the CC genotype. Moreover, the FBG and Hcy levels were considerably higher in patients with T2DM who carried the CC or AC genotype of MTHFR A1298C than those of the AA genotype. No obvious association was observed between these MTHFR polymorphisms and cardiovascular risk in T2DM.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that the genetic variations of MTHFR C677T and A1298C are significantly associated with T2DM susceptibility in the population of the Dali area of Yunnan Province, China.
A study on elite athletes: Orthorexia nervosa tendency is a risk factor for sleep quality
Authors: Çağın Musab , Çimen Polat Sezen , Sarol Halil , Ünlü Çisem , Janicijevic Danica 
Published: October 2024

Background
Elite athletes adhere to strict daily routines, particularly concerning their nutritional habits. However, these practices can occasionally lead to a pathological fixation on healthy eating known as orthorexia nervosa which may adversely affect sleep quality. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between orthorexia nervosa tendencies and sleep quality in elite athletes, as well as to investigate potential differences in orthorexia nervosa tendencies and sleep patterns between athletes engaged in individual versus team sports.

Methods
The present study explores how orthorexia nervosa tendency affects sleep quality in 249 elite athletes (115 women: aged 19.92 ± 2.48 years, sporting tenure: 8.16 ± 3.96 years, and 134 men: aged 20.69 ± 2.72 years, sporting tenure: 7.85 ± 3.59 years). The orthorexia nervosa tendency was evaluated using the ORTO-11 scale, while their sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Results
The results of the present study indicate that orthorexia nervosa negatively affected sleep quality (rho = −0.173, p = 0.006). Additionally, no differences in the orthorexia nervosa tendency was observed between individual and group athletes (p = 0.287); however, individual athletes presented poorer sleep quality (p = 0.287).

Conclusion
These results indicate that the elite athletes who present higher orthorexia nervosa tendency had a higher risk of having poorer sleep quality.
Toroidal Localized Spoof Plasmons on Compact Metadisks
Authors: Qin Pengfei , Yang Yihao , Musa Muhyiddeen Yahya , Zheng Bin , Wang Zuojia , Hao Ran , Yin Wenyan , Chen Hongsheng , Li Erping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLocalized spoof surface plasmons (LSSPs) have recently emerged as a new research frontier due to their unique properties and increasing applications. Despite the importance, most of the current researches only focus on electric/magnetic LSSPs. Very recent research has revealed that toroidal LSSPs, LSSPs modes with multipole toroidal moments, can be achieved at a point defect in a 2D groove metal array. However, this metamaterial shows the limitations of large volume and poor compatibility to photonic integrated circuits. To overcome the above challenges, here it is proposed and experimentally demonstrated compact planar metadisks based on split ring resonators to support the toroidal LSSPs at microwave frequencies. Additionally, it is experimentally demonstrated that the toroidal LSSPs resonance is very sensitive to the structure changes and the background medium. These might facilitate its utilization in the design and application of plasmonic deformation sensors and the refractive index sensors.
Multiplex Photoluminescent Silicon Nanoprobe for Diagnostic Bioimaging and Intracellular Analysis
Authors: Keshavarz Meysam , Tan Bo , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHerein, a label‐free multiplex photoluminescent silicon nanoprobe (PLSN‐probe) is introduced as a potential substitute for quantum dots (QDs) in bioimaging. An inherently non‐photoluminescent silicon substrate is altered to create the PLSN‐probe, to overcome the major drawbacks of presently available QDs. Additionally, crystallinity alterations of the multiplane crystalline PLSN‐probes lead to broad absorption and multiplex fluorescence emissions, which are attributed to the simultaneous existence of multiple crystal planes. The PLSN‐probe not only demonstrates unique optical properties that can be exploited for bioimaging but also exhibits cell‐selective uptake that allows the differentiation and diagnosis of HeLa and fibroblast cells. Moreover, multiplex emissions of the PLSN‐probe illuminate different organelles such as the nucleus, nucleolemma, and cytoskeleton, depending on size‐based preferential uptake by the cell organs. This in vitro study reveals that cancerous HeLa cells have a higher propensity for taking up the PLSN‐probe compared to fibroblast cells, allowing the diagnosis of cancerous HeLa cells. Additionally, the fluorescence intensity per unit area of the cell is found to be a reliable means for distinguishing between dead and healthy cells. It is anticipated that the multifunctionality of the PLSN‐probes will lead to better insight into the use of such probes for bioimaging and diagnosis applications.
n‐Type Azaacenes Containing B←N Units
Authors: Min Yang , Dou Chuandong , Tian Hongkun , Geng Yanhou , Liu Jun , Wang Lixiang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe disclose a novel strategy to design n‐type acenes through the introduction of boron–nitrogen coordination bonds (B←N). We synthesized two azaacenes composed of two B←N units and six/eight linearly annelated rings. The B←N unit significantly perturbed the electronic structures of the azaacenes: Unique LUMOs delocalized over the entire acene skeletons and decreased aromaticity of the B←N‐adjacent rings. Most importantly, these B←N‐containing azaacenes exhibited low‐lying LUMO energy levels and high electron affinities, thus leading to n‐type character. The solution‐processed organic field‐effect transistor based on one such azaacene exhibited unipolar n‐type characteristics with an electron mobility of 0.21 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Small Molecule Pin1 Inhibitor Blocking NF‐κB Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Wu Ke‐Jia , Zhong Hai‐Jing , Yang Guanjun , Wu Chun , Huang Jie‐Min , Li Guodong , Ma Dik‐Lung , Leung Chung‐Hang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractProlyl‐isomerase 1 (Pin1) is a conserved enzyme that regulates cell processes such as cell cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, and apoptosis. However, overexpression of Pin1 is correlated with a higher probability of prostate tumor recurrence. We utilized a molecular docking technique to identify Pin1 inhibitors from a database of natural product and natural product‐like compounds. The action of the hit compounds against Pin1 activity was studied using multiple methods, including a fluorometric enzymatic assay, co‐immunoprecipitation, western blotting, cell thermal shiftm, and other techniques. We have identified compound 1 as a natural‐product‐like inhibitor of Pin1 activity via structure‐based virtual screening and showed that compound 1 could target Pin1 and disrupt the interaction between Pin1 and the p65 subunit of NF‐κB in cells. Furthermore, compound 1 reduced nuclear p65 (Thr254) phosphorylation and attenuated NF‐κB activity in cells. Finally, compound 1 induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Compound 1 represents a natural product‐like Pin1 inhibitor that acts via targeting the Pin1–NF‐κB interaction.
A robust protocol for directed aryl sulfotransferase evolution toward the carbohydrate building block GlcNAc
Authors: Islam Shohana , Mate Diana M. , Martínez Ronny , Jakob Felix , Schwaneberg Ulrich 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBacterial aryl sulfotransferases (AST) utilize p‐nitrophenylsulfate (pNPS) as a phenolic donor to sulfurylate typically a phenolic acceptor. Interest in aryl sulfotransferases is growing because of their broad variety of acceptors and cost‐effective sulfuryl‐donors. For instance, aryl sulfotransferase A (ASTA) from Desulfitobacterium hafniense was recently reported to sulfurylate d‐glucose. In this study, a directed evolution protocol was developed and validated for aryl sulfotransferase B (ASTB). Thereby the well‐known pNPS quantification system was advanced to operate efficiently as a continuous screening system in 96‐well MTP format with a true coefficient of variation of 14.3%. A random mutagenesis library (SeSaM library) of ASTB was screened (1,760 clones) to improve sulfurylation of the carbohydrate building block N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The beneficial variant ASTB‐V1 (Val579Asp) showed an up to 3.4‐fold increased specific activity toward GlcNAc when compared to ASTB‐WT. HPLC‐ and MS‐analysis confirmed ASTB‐V1's increased GlcNAc monosulfurylation (2.4‐fold increased product formation) representing the validation of the first successful directed evolution round of an AST for a saccharide substrate.
IL‐1α inhibits proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells through NF‐κB‐ and ERK1/2‐mediated proinflammatory cytokines
Authors: Sun Xuerong , Zou Tangbin , Zuo Changqing , Zhang Mingmeng , Shi Benyan , Jiang Zhiwen , Cui Hongjing , Liao Xiaoxin , Li Xiaoyi , Tang Yuelian , Liu Yusheng , Liu Xinguang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDysfunctional adipogenesis such as subcutaneous lipoatrophy is closely related to insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. Although the expression or release of the cytokine interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α) is known to increase in adipose tissue in response to cell death, cell senescence, aging, or solar radiation, the regulatory role of IL‐1α in adipogenesis has not been sufficiently investigated. To investigate the problem, we explored the effect of IL‐1α on the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) using cell counting, alamarBlue assay, oil red O staining, Western blot, among others. The results showed that IL‐1α evidently inhibited the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs, which might be related with the activated nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathways. Early‐stage adipogenic differentiation was more sensitive to IL‐1α than late‐stage differentiation. After differentiation of ADSCs into mature adipocytes, adding of IL‐1α had no obvious influence on the cellular morphology, including lipid droplet accumulation. IL‐1α enhanced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐8, IL‐6, CCL2 (C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2), and IL‐1β, when added into the adipogenic medium of ADSCs. Blocking IL‐8 and IL‐6 with neutralizing antibodies partially alleviated the inhibitory effect of IL‐1α on the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. The results suggest that IL‐1α inhibits adipogenesis through activation of NF‐κB and ERK1/2 pathways and subsequent upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in ADSCs. IL‐1α might play an important role in mediating lipoatrophy by regulation of ADSCs.
Development of an immunochromatographic strip incorporating anti‐mitragynine monoclonal antibody conjugated to colloidal gold for kratom alkaloids detection
Authors: Limsuwanchote Supattra , Putalun Waraporn , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Morimoto Satoshi , Keawpradub Niwat , Wungsintaweekul Juraithip 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA lateral flow‐based immunochromatographic strip was developed for the rapid detection of mitragynine (MG), a dominant alkaloid found in the leaves of kratom. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) against MG (anti‐MG mAb) was conjugated to colloidal gold and used as a recognition probe. MG‐ovalbumin conjugate (MG‐OVA) and goat anti‐mouse IgG were immobilized on the strip to produce a test zone and control zone, respectively. Based on the principle of a competitive assay, MG in a test sample competed with MG‐OVA resident in the test zone to bind with colloidal gold‐anti‐MG mAb, resulting in an inverse relation of color intensity at the test zone and MG amount. The limit of detection (LOD) of the immunochromatographic strip is determined at 1 mg/mL of MG by visual assessment and 0.60 mg/mL by Image J analysis. The developed immunochromatographic strip can determine MG in kratom cocktails and kratom leaf samples. It could serve as a rapid and simple diagnostic kit for the detection of MG in kratom samples.
Tillage and herbicide reduction mitigate the gap between conventional and organic farming effects on foraging activity of insectivorous bats
Authors: Barré Kévin , Le Viol Isabelle , Julliard Romain , Chiron François , Kerbiriou Christian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe increased use of pesticides and tillage intensification is known to negatively affect biodiversity. Changes in these agricultural practices such as herbicide and tillage reduction have variable effects among taxa, especially at the top of the trophic network including insectivorous bats. Very few studies compared the effects of agricultural practices on such taxa, and overall, only as a comparison of conventional versus organic farming without accurately accounting for underlying practices, especially in conventional where many alternatives exist. Divergent results founded in these previous studies could be driven by this lack of clarification about some unconsidered practices inside both conventional and organic systems. We simultaneously compared, over whole nights, bat activity on contiguous wheat fields of one organic and three conventional farming systems located in an intensive agricultural landscape. The studied organic fields (OT) used tillage (i.e., inversion of soil) without chemical inputs. In studied conventional fields, differences consisted of the following: tillage using few herbicides (T), conservation tillage (i.e., no inversion of soil) using few herbicides (CT), and conservation tillage using more herbicide (CTH), to control weeds. Using 64 recording sites (OT = 12; T = 21; CT = 13; CTH = 18), we sampled several sites per system placed inside the fields each night. We showed that bat activity was always higher in OT than in T systems for two (Pipistrellus kuhlii and Pipistrellus pipistrellus) of three species and for one (Pipistrellus spp.) of two genera, as well as greater species richness. The same results were found for the CT versus T system comparison. CTH system showed higher activity than T for only one genus (Pipistrellus spp.). We did not detect any differences between OT and CT systems, and CT showed higher activity than CTH system for only one species (Pipistrellus kuhlii). Activity in OT of Pipistrellus spp. was overall 3.6 and 9.3 times higher than CTH and T systems, respectively, and 6.9 times higher in CT than T systems. Our results highlight an important benefit of organic farming and contrasted effects in conventional farming. That there were no differences detected between the organic and one conventional system is a major result. This demonstrates that even if organic farming is presently difficult to implement and requires a change of economic context for farmers, considerable and easy improvements in conventional farming are attainable, while maintaining yields and approaching the ecological benefits of organic methods.