bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Series Modeling of Pathogen-Specific Disease Probabilities with Subsampled Data
Authors: Fisher Leigh , Wakefield Jon , Bauer Cici , Self Steve 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY
Many diseases arise due to exposure to one of multiple possible pathogens. We consider the situation in which disease counts are available over time from a study region, along with a measure of clinical disease severity, for example, mild or severe. In addition, we suppose a subset of the cases are lab tested in order to determine the pathogen responsible for disease. In such a context, we focus interest on modeling the probabilities of disease incidence given pathogen type. The time course of these probabilities is of great interest as is the association with time-varying covariates such as meteorological variables. In this set up, a natural Bayesian approach would be based on imputation of the unsampled pathogen information using Markov Chain Monte Carlo but this is computationally challenging. We describe a practical approach to inference that is easy to implement. We use an empirical Bayes procedure in a first step to estimate summary statistics. We then treat these summary statistics as the observed data and develop a Bayesian generalized additive model. We analyze data on hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in China in which there are two pathogens of primary interest, enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxackie A16 (CA16). We find that both EV71 and CA16 are associated with temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, with reasonably similar functional forms for both pathogens. The important issue of confounding by time is modeled using a penalized B-spline model with a random effects representation. The level of smoothing is addressed by a careful choice of the prior on the tuning variance.
Modeling of Successive Cancer Risks in Lynch Syndrome Families in the Presence of Competing Risks Using Copulas
Authors: Choi Yun-Hee , Briollais Laurent , Win Aung K. , Hopper John , Buchanan Dan , Jenkins Mark , Lakhal-Chaieb Lajmi 
Published: July 2016

Summary
In this article, we propose an association model to estimate the penetrance (risk) of successive cancers in the presence of competing risks. The association between the successive events is modeled via a copula and a proportional hazards model is specified for each competing event. This work is motivated by the analysis of successive cancers for people with Lynch Syndrome in the presence of competing risks. The proposed inference procedure is adapted to handle missing genetic covariates and selection bias, induced by the data collection protocol of the data at hand. The performance of the proposed estimation procedure is evaluated by simulations and its use is illustrated with data from the Colon Cancer Family Registry (Colon CFR).
Recommendations for the diagnosis and initial evaluation of patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia: A Task Force from the 8th International Workshop on Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia
Authors: Castillo Jorge J. , Garcia‐Sanz Ramon , Hatjiharissi Evdoxia , Kyle Robert A. , Leleu Xavier , McMaster Mary , Merlini Giampaolo , Minnema Monique C. , Morra Enrica , Owen Roger G. , Poulain Stephanie , Stone Marvin J. , Tam Constantine , Varettoni Marzia , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Treon Steven P. , Kastritis Efstathios 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe diagnosis of Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) can be challenging given the variety of signs and symptoms patients can present. Furthermore, once the diagnosis of WM is established, the initial evaluation should be thorough as well as appropriately directed. During the 8th International Workshop for WM in London, United Kingdom, a multi‐institutional task force was formed to develop consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and initial evaluation of patients with WM. In this document, we present the results of the deliberations that took place to address these issues. We provide recommendations for history‐taking and physical examination, laboratory studies, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy analysis and imaging studies. We also provide guidance on the initial evaluation of special situations, such as anaemia, hyperviscosity, neuropathy, Bing‐Neel syndrome and amyloidosis. We hope these recommendations serve as a practical guidance to clinicians taking care of patients with a suspected or an established diagnosis of WM.
Triglyceride‐rich lipoprotein metabolism in women: roles of apoC‐II and apoC‐III
Authors: Ooi Esther M. , Chan Dick C. , Hodson Leanne , Adiels Martin , Boren Jan , Karpe Fredrik , Fielding Barbara A. , Watts Gerald F. , Barrett P. Hugh R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundExperimental data suggest that apolipoprotein (apo) C‐II and C‐III regulate triglyceride‐rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism, but there are limited studies in humans. We investigated the metabolic associations of TRLs with apoC‐II and apoC‐III concentrations and kinetics in women.Material and methodsThe kinetics of plasma apoC‐II, apoC‐III and very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) apoB‐100 and triglycerides were measured in the postabsorptive state using stable isotopic techniques and compartmental modelling in 60 women with wide‐ranging body mass index (19·5–32·9 kg/m2).ResultsPlasma apoC‐II and apoC‐III concentrations were positively associated with the concentrations of plasma triglycerides, VLDL1‐ and VLDL2‐apoB‐100 and triglyceride (all P < 0·05). ApoC‐II production rate (PR) was positively associated with VLDL1‐apoB‐100 concentration, VLDL1 triglyceride concentration and VLDL1 triglyceride PR, while apoC‐II fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was positively associated with VLDL1 triglyceride FCR (all P < 0·05). No significant associations were observed between apoC‐II and VLDL2 apoB‐100 or triglyceride kinetics. ApoC‐III PR, but not FCR, was positively associated with VLDL1 triglyceride, and VLDL2‐apoB‐100 and triglyceride concentrations (all P < 0·05). No significant associations were observed between apoC‐III and VLDL‐apoB‐100 and triglyceride kinetics. In multivariable analysis, including homoeostasis model assessment score, menopausal status and obesity, apoC‐II concentration was significantly associated with plasma triglyceride, VLDL1‐apoB‐100 and VLDL1 triglyceride concentrations and PR. Using the same multivariable analysis, apoC‐III was significantly associated with plasma triglyceride and VLDL1‐ and VLDL2‐apoB‐100 and triglyceride concentrations and FCR.ConclusionsIn women, plasma apoC‐II and apoC‐III concentrations are regulated by their respective PR and are significant, independent determinants of the kinetics and plasma concentrations of TRLs.
Effect of ultrasound and heat on percutaneous absorption of l‐ascorbic acid: human in vitro studies on Franz cell and Petri dish systems
Authors: Jung E. C. , Zhu H. , Zou Y. , Elmahdy A. , Cao Y. , Hui X. , Maibach H. I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivePercutaneous absorption of l‐ascorbic acid (LAA) is limited due to its high hydrophilicity and low stability. Here, we investigated the effect of post‐dosing sonophoresis (329 kHz, 20 mW cm−2) and heat (36°C) on transdermal delivery of LAA.MethodsUltrasound/heat, heat and control treatments were applied on skin surface for 2 and 5 min after topical application of C14‐labelled LAA aqueous solution. After 15 min post‐exposure, radioactivity was measured in tape‐striped stratum corneum (TS‐SC), epidermis, dermis and receptor fluid. As Franz diffusion cell model may have different acoustic response than in vivo human tissues, a novel Petri dish model was developed and compared with Franz cell model on the effects of ultrasound/heat treatment on the skin permeability.ResultsFive‐min ultrasound/heat treatment significantly accelerated skin absorption/penetration of LAA; 2‐min treatment showed no enhancement effect on Franz diffusion cell model at the end of experiment. The use of Petri dish model significantly increased LAA concentrations in epidermis after 5 min of ultrasound/heat treatment, compared to the results of Franz cell model.ConclusionCombination of ultrasound (329 kHz, 20 mW cm−2) and heat (36°C) significantly enhanced LAA transdermal penetration, when the time of treatment was sufficient (5 min). As Petri dish model was designed to simulate acoustic respond of dense human tissue to ultrasound, the difference between Franz cell and Petri dish models suggests that the enhancement effect of ultrasound/heat on skin penetration in vivo may be greater than that determined on in vitro Franz cell model.
Exploring the influence of mothers’ attitudes toward advertising on children's consumption of screen media
Authors: Kowalczyk Christine M. , Royne Marla B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study explores mothers’ attitudes toward advertising in general, attitudes toward advertising to their young children aged 2‐ to 7‐year old, and how these attitudes relate to parental restrictive mediation of screen media usage, specifically television, videogames, and the Internet. A structural equation model was used to test the proposed relationships. Results indicate that mothers’ attitudes toward advertising may influence the level of restrictive mediation of children's television and videogame usage.
Transnuclear CD8 T cells specific for the immunodominant epitope Gra6 lower acute‐phase Toxoplasma gondii burden
Authors: Sanecka Anna , Yoshida Nagisa , Dougan Stephanie K. , Jackson John , Shastri Nilabh , Ploegh Hidde , Blanchard Nicolas , Frickel Eva‐Maria 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe generated a CD8 T‐cell receptor (TCR) transnuclear (TN) mouse specific to the Ld‐restricted immunodominant epitope of GRA6 from Toxoplasma gondii as a source of cells to facilitate further investigation into the CD8 T‐cell‐mediated response against this pathogen. The TN T cells bound Ld‐Gra6 tetramer and proliferated upon unspecific and peptide‐specific stimulation. The TCR beta sequence of the Gra6‐specific TN CD8 T cells is identical in its V‐ and J‐region to the TCR‐β harboured by a hybridoma line generated in response to Gra6 peptide. Adoptively transferred Gra6 TN CD8 T cells proliferated upon Toxoplasma infection in vivo and exhibited an activated phenotype similar to host CD8 T cells specific to Gra6. The brain of Toxoplasma‐infected mice carried Gra6 TN cells already at day 8 post‐infection. Both Gra6 TN mice as well as adoptively transferred Gra6 TN cells were able to significantly reduce the parasite burden in the acute phase of Toxoplasma infection. Overall, the Gra6 TN mouse represents a functional tool to study the protective and immunodominant specific CD8 T‐cell response to Toxoplasma in both the acute and the chronic phases of infection.
Vehicle scheduling based on variable trip times with expected on‐time performance
Authors: Shen Yindong , Xu Jia , Wu Xianyi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe vehicle scheduling problem (VSP) is concerned with determining the most efficient allocation of vehicles to carry out all the trips in a given timetable. The duration of each trip (called trip time) is normally assumed to be fixed. However, in practice, the trip times vary due to the variability of traffic, driving conditions, and passengers’ behavior. It is therefore difficult to adhere to the compiled schedule. This paper proposes a new VSP model based on variable trip times. Instead of being a fixed value, the duration of a trip falls into a time range that can be easily set based on the schedulers’ experience or the data collected by automatic vehicle location systems. Within this range, an expected trip time is provided according to the schedulers’ expectation of on‐time performance. This new model can reduce schedulers’ pressure on setting fixed scheduled trip times. Moreover, computational results generated using CPLEX show that this model can increase the on‐time performance of resulting schedules without increasing the fleet size.
Two‐year clinical comparison of a flowable‐type nano‐hybrid composite and a paste‐type composite in posterior restoration
Authors: Hirata‐Tsuchiya Shizu , Yoshii Shinji , Ichimaru‐Suematsu Miki , Washio Ayako , Saito Noriko , Urata Mariko , Hanada Kaori , Morotomi Takahiko , Kitamura Chiaki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThe purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical efficacy between a flowable‐type nano‐hybrid composite and a paste‐type composite for posterior restoration.MethodsOf 62 posterior teeth in 33 patients (mean age: 34.1 years), 31 were filled with a paste‐type composite (Heliomolar [HM] group), and another 31 with a flowable nano‐hybrid composite (MI FIL [MI] group). Clinical efficacy was evaluated at 2 years after the restoration.ResultsThere were no differences for retention, surface texture deterioration, anatomical form change, deterioration of marginal adaptation, and secondary caries, while a statistical difference was found for marginal discoloration, which was significantly greater in the HM group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, color matching in the MI group was superior to that in the HM group immediately after the restoration throughout the study period.ConclusionsThe present 2‐year clinical evaluation of different composites showed that the flowable nano‐hybrid composite could be an effective esthetic material for posterior restoration.
GIS‐based Analysis of Vienna's Material Stock in Buildings
Authors: Kleemann Fritz , Lederer Jakob , Rechberger Helmut , Fellner Johann 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe building stock is not only a huge consumer of resources (for its construction and operation), but also represents a significant source for the future supply of metallic and mineral resources. This article describes how material stocks in buildings and their spatial distribution can be analyzed on a city level. In particular, the building structure (buildings differentiated by construction period and utilization) of Vienna is analyzed by joining available geographical information systems (GIS) data from various municipal authorities. Specific material intensities for different building categories (differentiated by construction period and utilization) are generated based on multiple data sources on the material composition of different building types and combined with the data on the building structure. Utilizing these methods, the overall material stock in buildings in Vienna was calculated to be 380 million metric tonnes (t), which equals 210 t per capita (t/cap). The bulk of the material (>96%) is mineral, whereas organic materials (wood, plastics, bitumen, and so on) and metals (iron/steel, copper, aluminum, and so on) constitute a very small share, of which wood (4.0 t/cap) and steel (3.2 t/cap) are the major contributors. Besides the overall material stock, the spatial distribution of materials within the municipal area can be assessed. This research forms the basis for a resource cadaster, which provides information about gross volume, construction period, utilization, and material composition for each building in Vienna.
Characterization and reconstruction of 3D stochastic microstructures via supervised learning
Authors: BOSTANABAD R. , CHEN W. , APLEY D.W. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe need for computational characterization and reconstruction of volumetric maps of stochastic microstructures for understanding the role of material structure in the processing–structure–property chain has been highlighted in the literature. Recently, a promising characterization and reconstruction approach has been developed where the essential idea is to convert the digitized microstructure image into an appropriate training dataset to learn the stochastic nature of the morphology by fitting a supervised learning model to the dataset. This compact model can subsequently be used to efficiently reconstruct as many statistically equivalent microstructure samples as desired. The goal of this paper is to build upon the developed approach in three major directions by: (1) extending the approach to characterize 3D stochastic microstructures and efficiently reconstruct 3D samples, (2) improving the performance of the approach by incorporating user‐defined predictors into the supervised learning model, and (3) addressing potential computational issues by introducing a reduced model which can perform as effectively as the full model. We test the extended approach on three examples and show that the spatial dependencies, as evaluated via various measures, are well preserved in the reconstructed samples.
Sleep quality in patients with chronic illness
Authors: Kemple Mary , O'Toole Sinead , O'Toole Conor 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore sleep quality in patients with chronic illness in primary care.BackgroundMany people suffer from chronic illness with the numbers increasing. One common issue arises from problems that people have with their quality of sleep: a largely under‐researched topic. This study exploring poor quality sleep allowed patients to describe their daily struggles with poor sleep in their own lives. This allowed the development of a deeper understanding of what it means to sleep poorly and find out how participants cope with not sleeping well.DesignA qualitative approach enabling a deep exploration of patient's experiences of sleep quality was used. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of nine participants from a primary care clinic. Analysis utilised an interpretative approach.ResultsData analysed produced four recurrent themes that were grouped into two categories. First, themes that identified the recognition by participants that ‘something was wrong’ were abrupt beginning and impact on their life. Second, themes that identified that the participants considered there was ‘nothing wrong’ were I am fine and I just carry on.ConclusionData revealed that poor quality sleep can have a profound effect on quality of life. Participants lived without good quality sleep for years. They had come to accept two seemingly irreconcilable ideas that not being able to sleep is an enduring problem with a distinct starting point, and paradoxically, this is not a problem that deserves much professional attention.Relevance to clinical practiceImportant original data were generated on the impact of poor quality sleep indicating that chronically disturbed sleep can increase the disease burden on patients with chronic illness. The results of this study suggest healthcare professionals need to understand how sleep quality issues impact on patient's experience of chronic illness. Data from this study will help nurses and other health professionals to deepen their understanding of the profound impact of poor quality sleep on patients with chronic illness. A programme of education highlighting the important role of sleep quality in chronic illness is suggested by the issues raised in this study. Nurses are ideally placed to assess sleep quality in patients and tailor intervention to positively affect the quality of life for this group.
Development and validation of the Simulation Learning Effectiveness Scale for nursing students
Authors: Pai Hsiang‐Chu 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesTo develop and validate the Simulation Learning Effectiveness Scale, which is based on Bandura's social cognitive theory.BackgroundA simulation programme is a significant teaching strategy for nursing students. Nevertheless, there are few evidence‐based instruments that validate the effectiveness of simulation learning in Taiwan.DesignThis is a quantitative descriptive design.MethodsIn Study 1, a nonprobability convenience sample of 151 student nurses completed the Simulation Learning Effectiveness Scale. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the instrument. In Study 2, which involved 365 student nurses, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to analyse the construct validity of the Simulation Learning Effectiveness Scale.ResultsIn Study 1, exploratory factor analysis yielded three components: self‐regulation, self‐efficacy and self‐motivation. The three factors explained 29·09, 27·74 and 19·32% of the variance, respectively. The final 12‐item instrument with the three factors explained 76·15% of variance. Cronbach's alpha was 0·94. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis identified a second‐order factor termed Simulation Learning Effectiveness Scale. Goodness‐of‐fit indices showed an acceptable fit overall with the full model (χ2/df (51) = 3·54, comparative fit index = 0·96, Tucker–Lewis index = 0·95 and standardised root‐mean‐square residual = 0·035). In addition, teacher's competence was found to encourage learning, and self‐reflection and insight were significantly and positively associated with Simulation Learning Effectiveness Scale. Teacher's competence in encouraging learning also was significantly and positively associated with self‐reflection and insight. Overall, theses variable explained 21·9% of the variance in the student's learning effectiveness.ConclusionThe Simulation Learning Effectiveness Scale is a reliable and valid means to assess simulation learning effectiveness for nursing students.Relevance to clinical practiceThe Simulation Learning Effectiveness Scale can be used to examine nursing students' learning effectiveness and serve as a basis to improve student's learning efficiency through simulation programmes. Future implementation research that focuses on the relationship between learning effectiveness and nursing competence in nursing students is recommended.
Polysomnography findings in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6
Authors: Rueda Adriana D. , Pedroso José L. , Truksinas Eveli , Do Prado Gilmar F. , Coelho Fernando M. , Barsottini Orlando G. 
Published: July 2016

SummarySpinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is usually described as a pure ataxia syndrome. However, SCA6 patients may have sleep complaints. In this paper, sleep disorders were investigated in patients with SCA6. Twelve SCA6 patients and 12 subjects matched by gender, age and body mass index (control group) underwent polysomnography and clinical investigation for sleep disorders. SCA6 had a higher frequency of snoring (P = 0.01), a higher index of awakening due to respiratory events (P = 0.003) and central apnea events during sleep (P = 0.024), a longer sleep Stage N1 (P = 0.02) and a lower sleep Stage N3 (P = 0.05) in SCA6 patients than in control subjects. SCA6 patients had a reduction in slow wave sleep and a higher frequency of snoring and respiratory disorders during sleep when compared to the control group.
The strange case of ‘John Black’ and ‘Mr Hyde’: constructing migrating Jamaicans as (un)worthy nationals
Authors: Braun James 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper examines how migrating Jamaicans were constructed as ‘worthy’ or ‘unworthy’ of Jamaican diasporic membership in the early years of statehood, to demonstrate the role of nationalist cultural repertoires in constructing particular diasporic imaginaries. I conduct a discourse analysis of Jamaica's national newspaper, The Daily Gleaner, between 1962 and 1966, a period encompassing crucial transitions in Jamaican migration movements and from colony to statehood. I argue that tropes of respectability present in Afro‐creole nationalist ideology form the cultural repertoires used to distinguish migrants' actions as worthy or unworthy of national membership. These distinctions specify who ‘counts’ as part of the diaspora and how migrants of different social positions may claim and articulate their membership.