bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of connexin 43 induced by traumatic brain injury promotes exosome release
Authors: Chen Wei , Guo Yijun , Yang Wenjin , Chen Lei , Ren Dabin , Wu Chenxing , He Bin , Zheng Ping , Tong Wusong 
Published: October 2017

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by the external force leads to the neuronal dysfunction and even death. TBI has been reported to significantly increase the phosphorylation of glial gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43), which in turn propagates damages into surrounding brain tissues. However, the neuroprotective and anti-apoptosis effects of glia-derived exosomes have also been implicated in recent studies. Therefore, we detected whether TBI-induced phosphorylation of Cx43 would promote exosome release in rat brain. To generate TBI model, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to lateral fluid percussion injury. Phosphorylated Cx43 protein levels and exosome activities were quantified using Western blot analysis following TBI. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was also tested in rat hippocampal slices. TBI significantly increased the phosphorylated Cx43 and exosome markers expression in rat ipsilateral hippocampus, but not cortex. Blocking the activity of Cx43 or ERK, but not JNK, significantly suppressed TBI-induced exosome release in hippocampus. Furthermore, TBI significantly inhibited the induction of LTP in hippocampal slices, which could be partially but significantly restored by pretreatment with exosomes. The results imply that TBI-activated Cx43 could mediate a nociceptive effect by propagating the brain damages, as well as a neuroprotective effect by promoting exosome release. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have demonstrated in rat traumatic brain injury (TBI) models that both phosphorylated connexin 43 (p-Cx43) expression and exosome release were elevated in the hippocampus following TBI. The promoted exosome release depends on the phosphorylation of Cx43 and requires ERK signaling activation. Exosome treatment could partially restore the attenuated long-term potentiation. Our results provide new insight for future therapeutic direction on the functional recovery of TBI by promoting p-Cx43-dependent exosome release but limiting the gap junction-mediated bystander effect.
Effect of short-term growth of mung bean and its soil incorporation on the density of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in pot experiments
Authors: Chikamatsu Seiya , Xiaoman Wang , Ito Daisuke , Yamada Emi , Toyota Koki 
Published: October 2017

We previously reported that incorporation of bean sprout residue into soil stimulated hatching of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-term growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata), the raw material of bean sprout, and its incorporation into the soil on the density of SCN in soil. When mung bean was grown in pots for 2 and 4 weeks in a SCN-infested andosol, incorporated into the soil and further incubated for 2 weeks, the SCN density decreased markedly. Mung bean was also grown in pots under different moisture conditions. The SCN density decreased in the soils with 48-68 g water, but not with 39 g water (100 g dry soil)−1 in which mung bean grew the poorest. The present study suggests that short-term growth of mung bean may be useful to decrease the density of SCN in soil.
Attribution Analysis of the Ethiopian Drought of 2015
Authors: Philip Sjoukje , Kew Sarah F. , Jan van Oldenborgh Geert , Otto Friederike , O’Keefe Sarah , Haustein Karsten , King Andrew , Zegeye Abiy , Eshetu Zewdu , Hailemariam Kinfe , Singh Roop , Jjemba Eddie , Funk Chris , Cullen Heidi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn northern and central Ethiopia, 2015 was a very dry year. Rainfall was only from one-half to three-quarters of the usual amount, with both the “belg” (February–May) and “kiremt” rains (June–September) affected. The timing of the rains that did fall was also erratic. Many crops failed, causing food shortages for many millions of people. The role of climate change in the probability of a drought like this is investigated, focusing on the large-scale precipitation deficit in February–September 2015 in northern and central Ethiopia. Using a gridded analysis that combines station data with satellite observations, it is estimated that the return period of this drought was more than 60 years (lower bound 95% confidence interval), with a most likely value of several hundred years. No trend is detected in the observations, but the large natural variability and short time series means large trends could go undetected in the observations. Two out of three large climate model ensembles that simulated rainfall reasonably well show no trend while the third shows an increased probability of drought. Taking the model spread into account the drought still cannot be clearly attributed to anthropogenic climate change, with the 95% confidence interval ranging from a probability decrease between preindustrial and today of a factor of 0.3 and an increase of a factor of 5 for a drought like this one or worse. A soil moisture dataset also shows a nonsignificant drying trend. According to ENSO correlations in the observations, the strong 2015 El Niño did increase the severity of the drought.
Increased Eddy Activity in the Northeastern Pacific during 1993–2011
Authors: Ding Mengrong , Lin Pengfei , Liu Hailong , Chai Fei 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The authors study the long-term behaviors of eddy activity in the northeastern Pacific (NEP) and the dynamic mechanism behind them, using the third version of the mesoscale eddy trajectory dataset released by Chelton and Schlax as well as other observation and reanalysis datasets. Both the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and eddy occurrence number (EON) present prominent increases, with interannual and decadal variabilities northeast of the Hawaiian–Emperor seamounts. The increasing EON is mainly due to the prolongation of eddy lifetimes associated with eddy intensification, particularly for anticyclonic eddies (AEs). The prolongation of eddy lifetimes results from weakened surface winds. The enhanced anticyclonic wind stress curl (WSC) injects more energy into the AEs in the study domain, providing a more suitable environment for their growth. The decadal climate modes, such as the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), may also modulate eddy activity in the NEP by exerting fluctuations in the surface wind system.
Lossless Data Compression Based on Adaptive Linear Predictor for Embedded System of Unmanned Vehicles
Authors: Yu Fangjie , Li Linhua , Zhao Yang , Wang Mengmeng , Liu Guilin , Chen Ge 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnmanned vehicles represent a significant technical improvement for ocean and atmospheric monitoring. With the increasing number of sensors mounted on the unmanned mobile platforms, the data volume and its rapid growth introduce a new challenge relative to the limited transmission bandwidth. Data compression provides an effective approach. However, installing a lossless compression algorithm in an embedded system, which is in fact limited in computing resources, scale, and energy consumption, is a challenging task. To address this issue, a novel self-adaptive lossless compression algorithm (SALCA) that is focused on the dynamic characteristics of multidisciplinary ocean and atmospheric observation data is proposed that is the extended work of two-model transmission theory. The proposed method uses a second-order linear predictor that can be changed as the input data vary and can achieve better lossless compression performance for dynamic ocean data. More than 200 groups of conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) profile data from underwater gliders are used as the standard input, and the results show that compared to two state-of-the-art compression methods, the proposed compression algorithm performs better in terms of compression ratio and comprehensive power consumption in an embedded system.
Are Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Variability and Change Supported by Climate Records? A Case Study of Lower Gweru in Semiarid Central Zimbabwe
Authors: Makuvaro Veronica , Murewi Cyril T. F. , Dimes John , Chagonda Ignatius 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The livelihoods of the majority of people in semiarid areas of developing nations are based on rain-fed agriculture. In the wake of climate variability and change, communities in these regions are the most vulnerable because of their limited capacities to adapt to environmental changes. Smallholder farmers in the study area, Lower Gweru in central Zimbabwe, ascertain that they have observed changes in some rainfall and temperature patterns. These changes include higher temperatures, an increased number of seasons without enough rainfall, and an increased frequency of droughts and lengths of dry spells. The aim of this study was to find out whether farmers’ perceptions are supported by mean and extreme event trends in observed historical climate data. Gweru Thornhill meteorological data were analyzed for significant trends. The analysis showed that temperatures are increasing significantly, consistent with farmers’ observations that temperatures are getting hotter. This study revealed that farmer perceptions on rainfall were not consistent with historical climatic trends. Thus, farmers in the Lower Gweru area may not be a very reliable source of long-term rainfall trends.
The Effect of Hamstring Tendon Autograft Harvest on the Restoration of Knee Stability in the Setting of Concurrent Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries
Authors: Kremen Thomas J. , Polakof Landon S. , Rajaee Sean S. , Nelson Trevor J. , Metzger Melodie F. 
Published: October 2017

Background: A hamstring autograft is commonly used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR); however, there is evidence to suggest that the tendons harvested may contribute to medial knee instability. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that the gracilis (G) and semitendinosus (ST) tendons significantly contribute to sagittal, coronal, and/or rotational knee stability in the setting of ACLR with a concurrent partial medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twelve human cadaveric knees were subject to static forces applied to the tibia including an anterior-directed force as well as varus, valgus, and internal and external rotation moments to quantify laxity at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion. The following ligament conditions were tested on each specimen: (1) ACL intact/MCL intact, (2) ACL deficient/MCL intact, (3) ACL deficient/partial MCL injury, and (4) ACLR/partial MCL injury. To quantify the effect of muscle loads, the quadriceps, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, sartorius (SR), ST, and G muscles were subjected to static loads. The loads on the G, ST, and SR could be added or removed during various test conditions. For each ligament condition, the responses to loading and unloading the G/ST and SR were determined. Three-dimensional positional data of the tibia relative to the femur were recorded to determine tibiofemoral rotations and translations. Results: ACLR restored anterior stability regardless of whether static muscle loads were applied. There was no significant increase in valgus motion after ACL transection. However, when a partial MCL tear was added to the ACL injury, there was a 30% increase in valgus rotation ( P < .05). ACLR restored valgus stability toward that of the intact state when the G/ST muscles were loaded. A load on the SR muscle without a load on the G/ST muscles restored 19% of valgus rotation; however, it was still significantly less stable than the intact state. Conclusion: After ACLR in knees with a concurrent partial MCL injury, the absence of loading on the G/ST did not significantly alter anterior stability. Simulated G/ST harvest did lead to increased valgus motion. These results may have important clinical implications and warrant further investigation to better outline the role of the medial hamstrings, particularly among patients with a concomitant ACL and MCL injury. Clinical Relevance: A concurrent ACL and MCL injury is a commonly encountered clinical problem. Knowledge regarding the implications of hamstring autograft harvest techniques on joint kinematics may help guide management decisions.
Epidemiology of Shoulder and Elbow Injuries Among United States High School Baseball Players: School Years 2005-2006 Through 2014-2015
Authors: Saper Michael G. , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Liu Wei , Comstock R. Dawn , Polousky John D. , Andrews James R. 
Published: October 2017

Background: Shoulder and elbow injuries are common in young athletes, especially high school baseball players. Understanding the risk factors associated with baseball injuries is an essential first step in the development of injury prevention strategies. Purpose: To provide a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of shoulder and elbow injuries among high school baseball players in the United States. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: Baseball-related injury data were obtained from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study using High School RIO (Reporting Information Online), an Internet-based sports injury surveillance system. Athletic trainers from high schools across the country uploaded data regarding athlete-exposures (AEs) (defined as practice or game participation) and shoulder and elbow injuries from the school years 2005-2006 through 2014-2015. Results: A total of 241 shoulder injuries and 150 elbow injuries occurred during 1,734,198 AEs during the study period, for an overall shoulder injury rate of 1.39 per 10,000 AEs and an overall elbow injury rate of 0.86 per 10,000 AEs. The overall rates of injury were higher in competitions compared with practices for shoulders (rate ratio, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.11-1.85) and elbows (rate ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.56-2.96). The majority of shoulder (39.6%) and elbow (56.9%) injuries were sustained by pitchers, and most injuries were chronic and caused by overuse. Position players were more likely to sustain injuries by contact with the playing surface or apparatus. For pitchers, muscle strains were the most common shoulder injuries (38.7%), while ligament sprains were the most common elbow injuries (42.7%). The majority of pitchers with shoulder (70.8%) and elbow (64.6%) injuries returned to play within 21 days. Among pitchers, a higher proportion of elbow injuries (11.4%) resulted in medical disqualification compared with shoulder injuries (5.6%). Among pitchers, the majority of shoulder (89.2%) and elbow (96.4%) injuries were managed nonsurgically. Conclusion: Shoulder and elbow injury rates and patterns in high school baseball players differed between field positions (pitchers vs position players) and by type of exposure (practice vs competition). This study suggests several areas of emphasis for targeted injury prevention interventions, most notably limiting fatigue and preventing overuse injuries.
Cefepime Intravenous Push Versus Intravenous Piggyback on Time to Administration of First-Dose Vancomycin in the Emergency Department
Authors: Tran Ann , O’Sullivan David , Krawczynski Michelle 
Published: October 2017

Study Objective: The combination of cefepime and vancomycin is commonly used as an empiric antimicrobial regimen. Time to first-dose antibiotics is associated with survival benefit. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether cefepime intravenous push (IVP) is associated with a shorter time to vancomycin administration in the emergency department (ED) compared with cefepime intravenous piggyback (IVPB) infusion. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of records of patients who were treated with the vancomycin–cefepime combination in the ED. Results: A total of 1071 charts from April 2013 to January 2015 were reviewed. Included in the pre-(IVBP) group was 536 subjects and 535 subjects in the post-(IVP) group. The indications for antibiotic therapy were sepsis alone (28.3%), pneumonia alone (30.7%), sepsis with pneumonia (36.5%), and other (4.6%). The median time from administration of cefepime to vancomycin were 63.5 minutes and 2.0 minutes in the IVPB and IVP cohorts, respectively ( P < .001). Conclusion: The use of first-dose cefepime IVP in the ED resulted in a statistically significant decrease in time to vancomycin administration of over 1 hour.
Novel use Of Hydroxyurea in an African Region with Malaria (NOHARM): a trial for children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Opoka Robert O. , Ndugwa Christopher M. , Latham Teresa S. , Lane Adam , Hume Heather A. , Kasirye Phillip , Hodges James S. , Ware Russell E. , John Chandy C. 
Published: October 2017

Key PointsCompared with placebo, hydroxyurea did not increase the incidence or severity of malaria events in Ugandan children with SCA. Hydroxyurea provided significant clinical and laboratory benefits, suggesting it will be safe and effective across sub-Saharan Africa.
Midostaurin, enasidenib, CPX-351, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, and venetoclax bring new hope to AML
Authors: Wei Andrew H. , Tiong Ing S. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In 2017, 4 drugs received US Food and Drug Administration marketing approval for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment: targeted therapies for mutant FLT3 and IDH2, a liposomal cytarabine-daunorubicin formulation for therapy-related AML and AML with myelodysplasia-related changes, and resurgence of an antibody-drug conjugate designed to target CD33. Promising results also emerged for the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax combined with low-intensity therapy in older patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy. This quintet of new drugs is likely to reshape the therapeutic landscape of AML.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and hematologic malignancies: a single cancer center retrospective review
Authors: Neil Elizabeth C. , DeAngelis Lisa M. 
Published: October 2017

Key PointsImmunotherapy for treatment of hematological malignancies is immunosuppressive, and chronic immunosuppression is a risk factor for PML. Early diagnosis is vital for instituting prompt immune reconstitution as treatment; brain biopsy is necessary in suspicious cases.
Impact of co-located welfare advice in healthcare settings: prospective quasi-experimental controlled study
Authors: Woodhead Charlotte , Khondoker Mizanur , Lomas Robin , Raine Rosalind 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundEvaluations of primary healthcare co-located welfare advice services have been methodologically limited.AimsTo examine the impact and cost-consequences of co-located benefits and debt advice on mental health and service use.MethodProspective, controlled quasi-experimental study in eight intervention and nine comparator sites across North Thames. Changes in the proportion meeting criteria for common mental disorder (CMD, 12-item General Health Questionnaire); well-being scores (Shortened Warwick and Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale), 3-month GP consultation rate and financial strain were measured alongside funding costs and financial gains.ResultsRelative to controls, CMD reduced among women (ratio of odds ratios (rOR) = 0.37, 95% CI 0.20–0.70) and Black advice recipients (rOR=0.09, 95% CI 0.03–0.28). Individuals whose advice resulted in positive outcomes demonstrated improved well-being scores (β coefficient 1.29, 95% CI 0.25–2.32). Reductions in financial strain (rOR=042, 95% CI 0.23–0.77) but no changes in 3-month consultation rate were found. Per capita, advice recipients received £15 per £1 of funder investment.ConclusionsCo-located welfare advice improves short-term mental health and well-being, reduces financial strain and generates considerable financial returns.
Improving the Accessibility of Patient Care Through Integration of the Hospital and Radiation Oncology Electronic Health Records
Authors: Solanki Abhishek Ashok , Surucu Murat , Bajaj Amishi , Kaczmarz Barbara , Martin Brendan , Price Jennifer , Perino Courtney , McCoo Teresita , Payonk Gayle , Roeske John C. , Small William 
Published: October 2017

Purpose Radiation therapy (RT)–specific aspects of a patient’s cancer care commonly are documented and scheduled through a radiation oncology electronic health record (rEHR). However, patients who receive RT also receive multidisciplinary care from providers who use the hospital EHR (hEHR). We created an electronic interface to integrate our hEHR and rEHR to improve communication of the RT aspects of care between our department and the rest of the hospital. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of rEHR and hEHR integration on the accessibility of the RT-specific aspects of patient care to providers. Methods and Materials We performed a preintegration and postintegration survey of 175 staff members at our academic cancer center. Respondents rated the importance and accessibility of several RT encounters and documents on a Likert scale. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, χ2, and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare preintegration and postintegration responses. Results There were 32 and 19 responses to the pre- and postintegration surveys, respectively. rEHR items most commonly reported to be at least moderately important were the dates of first treatment (n = 29 [91%]), last treatment (n = 29 [91%]), brachytherapy (n = 22 [69%]), radiosurgery (n = 22 [69%]), and computed tomography simulation (n = 21 [66%]). A drastic improvement was found in most items made visible in the hEHR through the interface. Conclusion By integrating our hEHR and rEHR, we improved the communication of patient care between the RT department and the multidisciplinary team. Institutions should pursue and support integration of the EHRs to improve the quality of care provided to patients with cancer.
Impacts of Early Guideline-Directed 21-Gene Recurrence Score Testing on Adjuvant Therapy Decision Making
Authors: Dzimitrowicz Hannah , Mougalian Sarah , Storms Sherri , Hurd Sandra , Chagpar Anees B. , Killelea Brigid K. , Horowitz Nina R. , Lannin Donald R. , Harigopal Malini , Hofstatter Erin , DiGiovanna Michael P. , Adelson Kerin B. , Silber Andrea , Abu-Khalaf Maysa , Chung Gina , Zaheer Wajih , Abdelghany Osama , Hatzis Christos , Pusztai Lajos , Sanft Tara B. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay is used to help formulate adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations for patients with estrogen receptor–positive, early-stage breast cancer. Most frequently, medical oncologists order RS after surgery. Results take an additional 2 weeks to return, which can delay decision making. We conducted a prospective quality-improvement project to assess the impact of early guideline-directed RS ordering by surgeons before the first visit with a medical oncologist on adjuvant therapy decision making. Materials and Methods: Surgical oncologists ordered RS testing following National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines at time of diagnosis or at time of surgery between July 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015. We measured the testing rate of patients eligible for RS, time to chemotherapy decisions, rates of chemotherapy use, accrual to RS-based clinical trials, cost, and physician acceptance of the policy and compared the results to patients who met eligibility criteria for early guideline-directed testing during the 6 months before the project. Results: Ninety patients met eligibility criteria during the testing period. RS was ordered for 91% of patients in the early testing group compared with 76% of historical controls ( P < .001). Median time to chemotherapy decision was significantly shorter in the early testing group (20 days; 95% CI, 17 to 23 days) compared with historical controls (32 days; 95% CI, 29 to 35 days; P < .001). There were no significant differences in time to chemotherapy initiation, chemotherapy use, RS-based trial enrollment, or calculated costs between the groups. Conclusion: Early guideline-directed RS testing in selected patients is an effective way to shorten time to treatment decisions.