bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carcinoma of the Nasal Septum: Experience with 85 Cases
Authors: Beatty Charles W. , Pearson Bruce W. , Kern Eugene B. 
Published: January 2017

A review of 85 Mayo Clinic patients with carcinoma of the nasal septum revealed squamous cell carcinoma (58 patients) to be the predominant cell type, with adenocarcinoma (12 patients) and malignant melanoma (7 patients) being next in frequency. Twenty‐five (29%) of the 85 patients had metastatic disease. Twenty percent (17) of the patients had another malignancy at some time during their lives. The study suggests that tobacco smoking may have a role in the etiology of squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal septum. In most patients, wide surgical excision was the initial choice of treatment.
Pharyngocutaneous Fistula after Laryngeal Surgery: The Role of the Barium Swallow
Authors: Giordano Anthony M. , Cohen Jamie , Adams George L. 
Published: January 2017

Pharyngocutaneous fistula is one of the major complications following laryngeal surgery. Prior to 1979, patients undergoing laryngectomy at the University of Minnesota were not fed until 9 or 10 days postoperatively if unirradiated and 12 to 14 days If irradiated. Most fistulas were apparent by 14 days postoperatively, but occasionally a patient would develop a fistula as late as a month postoperatively. Starting in 1979, in an attempt to decrease the length of hospitalization as well as prevent fistula formation, routine barium‐swallow videoesophagograms were obtained 7 days postoperatively in all laryngectomy patients. If the results were considered normal, the nasogastric tube was removed and oral feedings were started. Of a total of 45 patients undergoing wide‐field laryngectomy, there were three clinical fistulas and three radiologic fistulas. Following this protocol, we shortened the average postoperative hospitalization by 2 days without an increase in the rate of fistulization.
Mesenchyme Remaining in Human Temporal Bones
Authors: Takahara Tetsuo , Sando Isamu , Hashida Yoshie , Shibahara Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2017

This study was conducted in order to gain basic information about mesenchyme remaining in the middle ear cleft in normal infants. Because no previous report has objectively described the quantity or quality of such postnatal remnants in normal infants, it has not been possible to accurately evaluate the significance of mesenchyme remaining in the middle ears of infants with pathologic conditions, such as otitis media and congenital anomalies. Thus, 53 temporal bones obtained from 41 individuals reported upon here—from 26 weeks' gestation to 8 years of age—will be controls for future studies of pathologic conditions. The children from whom these temporal bones were obtained had no anomalies of the ear (or any other known part of the body); nor did they have any pathologic conditions in the ear. The temporal bones were prepared for histologic study with hematoxylin and eosin staining and were examined under the light microscope. After areas of the mesenchyme in the histologic sections were projected and illustrated for each of 19 portions in the middle ear cleft under the microprojector, those areas were measured by compensating polar planimetry. The findings obtained in this study were as follows: (1) The amount of mesenchyme remaining in the days after birth seemed to gradually decrease in volume with increased maturity and had nearly disappeared within the first year in normal infants. Where mesenchyme was noted in the temporal bones of infants over 1 year of age, it was usually present only in small niches. (2) Most mesenchyme found in temporal bones of normal infants was seen in the mastoid antrum; it was also found in the aditus ad antrum, the epitympanum, the hypotympanum, the sinus tympani, the round window niche, the oval window niche, and the mesotympanum.
Coping with motor neurone disease — an analysis using self-regulation theory
Authors: Earll Louise , Johnston Marie , Mitchell Elspeth 
Published: January 2017

Medicine and environmental changes have had tremendous success in controlling the infectious diseases that were the major causes of death in the last century. However, the consequential extension of life has been accompanied by an increase in the number of persons living with and dying of chronic illness.1 Despite these changes and their implications, the means by which people cope with such illnesses has only recently begun to receive the attention the subject warrants. 2,3 Such diseases have a high prevalence in the population and self-detection and self-management are critical to the treatment and control of chronic disease and disability.4 This paper examines how people cope with motor neurone disease and sets this in the context of earlier research on psychological aspects of chronic disease and current theoretical approaches to coping with long-term ill health.
Preliminary Clinical Evaluation of Leuprorelin Acetate Depot Injection in France, in the Management of Prostatic Cancer
Authors: Navratil H. 
Published: January 2017

In a preliminary multicentre clinical trial of 3.75 mg leuprorelin acetate depot 18 previously untreated patients with metastatic prostatic cancer were treated with the depot given subcutaneously once every 4 weeks for 28 weeks. Patients also received 100 mg nilutamide taken orally three times a day for the first 14 days of treatment to prevent flare-up. Leuprorelin acetate suppressed the serum testosterone concentration to castration leveis; luteinizing hormone levels were also suppressed. The incidence of progressive disease was low and partial reponse occurred in five patients after treatment. No side-effects were assigned to the flare-up period. It is concluded that leuprorelin acetate depot is a safe and efficacious treatment for metastatic prostatic cancer. Dans le cadre d'une étude clinique multicentrique préliminaire portant sur l'acétate de leuproréline retard à une dose de 3,75 mg, on a administré le médicament à 18 malades atteints d'un cancer prostatique métastatique non traité au préalable, et ce sous forme d'injection sous-cutanée une fois toutes les quatre semaines pendant 28 semaines. On a également prescrit aux malades 100 mg de nilutamide qui a été ingérée par voie orale trois fois par jour pendant les 14 premiers jours du traitement en vue d'empêcher un réveil de la tumeur. L'acétate de leuproréline a réduit la concentration plasmatique de testostérone jusqu’ à des taux de castration; les taux d'hormones lutéinisantes ont également été réduits. L'incidence de progression de la maladie a été basse et une réponse partielle a été observée chez cinq patients sous le traitement. Aucun effet secondaire n'a été associé à la période de réveil de la tumeur. On en a conclu que l'acétate de leuproréline retard était un traitement sûr et efficace du cancer prostatique métastatique. In uno studio preliminare policentrico delia terapia a base di 3,75 mg di leuprorelin acetato, in preparazione “ritardo”, a 18 pazienti affetti da cancro prostatico metastatico, che non erano stati trattati in pre-cedenza, è stata somministrata la suddetta dose di farmaco, in preparazione “ritardo” per via sottocutanea, una volta ogni 4 settimane, per 28 settimane. Ai pazienti sono stati somministrati anche 100 mg di nilutamide, per via orale, tre volte al giorno, per i primi 14 giorni di trattamento, al fine di impedire l'aggravamento. Il leuprorelin acetato ha soppresso la concentrazione serica di testosterone a livelli da castrazione; anche i livelli di ormone luteinizzante sono stati soppressi. L'incidenza dei casi di malattia progressiva è stata bassa ed in cinque pazienti si è rilevata una risposta parziale, dopo il trattamento. Nessun effetto collatérale è stato attribuito al periodo di aggravamento. Se ne desume che il leuprorelin acetato, in preparazione “ritardo” costituisce un trattamento sicuro ed efficace per il cancro della prostata metastatico.
Node Exploration in Prostatic Cancer
Authors: Giraud B. 
Published: January 2017

Lymph node invasion is an important stage in the development of metastases; it is exceptional for metastases to be found in the absence of lymph node invasion. Radiological investigations have been developed, but lymphangiography, echography and scanners can only be used when invasions have attained a certain volume and they do not recognize microscopic modifications. The use of localized histological samples has been shown to be reliable and not to be as inconvenient as laparotomy, which is a relatively major operation in prostatic cancer patients, who tend to be elderly. L'invasion des glandes lymphatiques est un stade important du développement des métastases; il est exceptionnel de trouver des métastases en l'absence d'une invasion des ganglions lymphatiques. Les examens radiologiques ont ainsi fait l'objet de développements, toutefois la lymphangiographie, l'échographie et les scanners ne peuvent être utilisés que lorsque les invasions ont atteint un certain volume; ces méthodes ne permettent pas de repérer les modifications microscopiques. Le recoursà des échantillons histologiques localisés a été fiable et moins désagréable que la laparotomie qui est une intervention relativement majeure chez les malades atteints du cancer prostatique qui ont tendanceà être d'âge avancé. L'invasione dei linfonodi costituisce uno stadio importante nello sviluppo delie metastasi; sono eccezionali quei casi in cui si riscontrano metastasi avvenute in assenza di invasione dei linfonodi. Sono state messe a punto tecniche di indagine radiologica, tuttavia la linfangiografia, l'ecografia e gli scanner possono essere utilizzati soltanto quando le invasioni hanno raggiunto un certo volume e non rilevano le modificazioni microscopiche. L'impiego di campioni istologici localizzati si è dimostrato affidabile e privo degli inconvenienti connessi alla laparotomia, che costituisce un intervento relativamente di notevole entità per i pazienti di cancro alia prostata che, nella maggiorparte dei casi, sono anziani.
Quality of Life in Patients with Seasonal Affective Disorder: Summer vs Winter Scores
Authors: Michalak Erin E , Tam Edwin M , Manjunath CV , Levitt Anthony J , Levitan Robert D , Lam Raymond W 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To compare perceived quality of life (QoL) in patients diagnosed with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) during the winter and summer months. Methods: Twenty-six patients who were enrolled in an ongoing multicentre study in Canada completed 2 measures of QoL (the 20-item Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey [SF-20] and the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, [Q-LES-Q]) during the winter, when suffering from depression, and again during the summer months. Results: Both general and health-related QoL scores were significantly improved in patients with SAD during the summer months, with scores for the most part falling within normal range. Conclusions: Perceived QoL in patients with SAD is markedly impaired during the winter months but shows a substantial rebound during the summer months. The findings of this study provide further evidence that SAD is a distinct diagnostic entity.
Predictors of Professional and Personal Satisfaction with a Career in Psychiatry
Authors: Garfinkel Paul E , Bagby R Michael , Schuller Deborah R , Dickens Susan E , Schulte Fiona S 
Published: January 2017

Background: Many factors, including personal experience and personality traits, contribute to the emotional difficulties that psychiatrists experience in their professional work. The nature of the work itself also plays a significant role. Objective: To determine those personal and professional characteristics that predict satisfaction with the practice of psychiatry. Method: We mailed a questionnaire that included items pertaining to aspects of personal and professional life to the entire population of psychiatrists in Ontario ( N = 1574). Results: Of the 1574, 52% ( n = 802) responded. We conducted a series of regression analyses to determine factors related to career satisfaction or regret. A belief in the intrinsic value of psychiatry, a low perceived degree of emotional burden from patients, financial success, and satisfaction with psychotherapeutic work emerged consistently as significant predictors. A subsequent discriminant function analysis indicated that all 4 of these variables accurately predicted those psychiatrists with extreme satisfaction or dissatisfaction with work. Conclusions: These results reveal several variables associated with career satisfaction in the practice of psychiatry that might be useful to discuss with residents who are beginning their careers.
Daycare Attendance, Stress, and Mental Health
Authors: Geoffroy Marie-Claude , Côté Sylvana M , Parent Sophie , Séguin Jean Richard 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Daycare stress can be indexed by cortisol, and elevated levels of cortisol have been implicated in the onset and development of mental health disorders. Our objective was to quantify the associations between daycare and cortisol and to identify individual and environmental conditions under which daycare attendance is associated with cortisol concentrations. Methods: We used Cohen effect size statistics to quantify these associations and to compare them across 11 published studies that were identified with MEDLINE and PsycINFO. Results: Cortisol levels increased during the daycare day, whereas they decreased when children stayed at home. The mean effect size was d = 0.72. The magnitude of the daycare–stress relation seemed to vary under 3 specific conditions. First, the effect size was larger for children in low-quality daycare ( d = 1.15), whereas there was essentially little or no effect for children in high-quality daycare ( d = 0.10). Second, the effect size was larger for preschoolers (aged 39 to 59 months) ( d = 1.17) than for infants (aged 3 to 16 months) ( d = 0.11) or school-aged children (aged 84 to 106 months) ( d = 0.09). Third, children with difficult temperaments in daycare were more likely to exhibit a rising pattern of cortisol, compared with children who were not difficult. Conclusions: Our review suggests that daycare attendance in relatively low-quality daycare conditions and for children with difficult temperaments may result in atypical cortisol elevation. Although the link between atypical cortisol elevation and mental health requires further study, programs aimed at improving the quality of daycare services during the preschool years are expected to lead to better physiological adaptation to daycare and to reduce the risks of mental health problems.
Comparison of the Child Behavior Checklist Profiles between Community- and Clinic-Based Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Korea
Authors: Suh Cheon-Seok , Kim Jae-Won , Yoo Han-Ik , Hwang Jun-Won , Kim Boong-Nyun , Shin Min-Sup , Cho Soo-Churl 
Published: January 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a difference in the behavioural characteristics of community- and clinic-based children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Korea. Method: The study included 75 community-based and 72 clinic-based subjects with ADHD. The parents of all the children completed the parent versions of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results: The community-based ADHD subjects scored significantly higher ( P < 0.01) than clinic-based subjects in the Somatic Complaints and Delinquent Behaviour profiles of the CBCL. The community-based subjects with ADHD, combined subtype, showed significantly higher mean scores in the Somatic Complaints ( P < 0.01) and Thought Problems ( P < 0.05) profiles than the clinic-based subjects with ADHD, combined subtype. Conclusion: These findings suggest the possibility of an increased incidence of behavioural or emotional problems in community-based ADHD subjects when compared with clinic-based subjects in Korea.
Combined Therapy of Major Depression with Concomitant Borderline Personality Disorder: Comparison of Interpersonal and Cognitive Psychotherapy
Authors: Bellino Silvio , Zizza Monica , Rinaldi Camilla , Bogetto Filippo 
Published: January 2017

Objective: The combination of antidepressants and brief psychotherapies has been proven more efficacious in treating major depression and is particularly recommended in patients with concomitant personality disorders. We compare the effects of 2 combined therapies, fluoxetine and interpersonal therapy (IPT) or fluoxetine and cognitive therapy (CT), on major depression in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Method: Thirty-five consecutive outpatients with a diagnosis of BPD and a major depressive episode (not bipolar and not psychotic) were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 combined treatments and treated for 24 weeks. Assessment included a semistructured interview, Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), Satisfaction Profile (SAT-P) for quality of life (QOL), and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-64). Statistical analysis was performed using the univariate General Linear Model to calculate the effects of duration and type of treatment. Results: No significant differences between treatments were found at CGI, HDRS, BDI-II, and SOFAS score. Combined treatment with CT had greater effects on HARS score and on psychological functioning factor of SAT-P. Combined treatment with IPT was more effective on social functioning factor of SAT-P and on domains domineering or controlling and intrusive or needy of IIP-64. Conclusions: Both combined therapies are efficacious in treating major depression in patients with BPD. Differences between CT and IPT concern specific features of subjective QOL and interpersonal problems. These findings lack reliable comparisons and need to be replicated.
Neural Representation of Maternal Face Processing: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Ramasubbu Rajamannar , Masalovich Svetlana , Peltier Scott , Holtzheimer Paul E , Heim Christine , Mayberg Helen S 
Published: January 2017

Objective: The mother–child relationship may have important implications for emotional development and adult psychopathology. The objective of this study was to examine brain responses to processing maternal faces in healthy adult women. Methods: Ten healthy adult female volunteers with adequate early-life maternal care and a normal relationship with their living mothers participated in the study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine brain responses to pictures of the subject's mother, a close female friend, and 2 age-matched female strangers during passive viewing, valence (emotional), and salience (self-relevance) evaluations. Results: The main contrast of mother, compared with all others (that is, friend and older and younger strangers), demonstrated the following: first, significant activation in the left posterior cingulate cortex–precuneus (PCC–Pcu), collapsed across all tasks; second, right ventromedial prefrontal cortex–anterior cingulate cortex (VMPFC–ACC) activation during the valence condition; and third, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation during the salience condition. In the region-of-interest analyses, the VMPFC–ACC and DLPFC showed significant activations in response to mothers' faces and deactivation in response to control faces. Among the 3 regions, only VMPFC–ACC activity distinguished the unique processing of one's own mother's face from that of a close friend. PCC–Pcu activations demonstrated a graded response (mother > friend > strangers) and, further, demonstrated differential response with respect to mothering style. Conclusions: The activation in prefrontal and cingulate cortices related to maternal face processing is consistent with their implicated roles in mother–infant interactions, personal familiarity, and emotional and self-relevant processing. These findings suggest a neural basis for maternal attachment and propose a focus for future studies aimed at investigating the impact of disrupted maternal attachment on emotional development.
Un instrument de mesure des progrès cliniques pour des patients psychotiques violents
Authors: Millaud Frédéric , Auclair Nathalie , Guay Jean-Pierre , McKibben André 
Published: January 2017

Objectifs: La dangerosité des patients psychiatriques est liée à une série de facteurs bien documentés dans la littérature. Afin de mieux documenter l'évolution de la dangerosité de patients psychotiques violents qui souffrent pour la plupart de maladies graves et persistantes, nous avons élaboré un instrument de mesure des progrès en traitement. Méthode: L'élaboration de l'instrument s'est appuyée sur les connaissances de la littérature et l'expérience d'une équipe multidisciplinaire. Résultats: L'instrument présente une très bonne fidélité interjuges et, après l'avoir employé 5 ans dans une unité de traitement de l'institut Philippe-Pinel, il se révèle facile à utiliser. Cet instrument permet une évaluation systématique des paramètres cliniques importants permettant de valider l'adhésion au traitement et l'évolution des patients au fil des mois. Il met également à profit les observations au quotidien des différents intervenants de l'équipe multidisciplinaire, l'utilisation d'un langage commun pour le patient et le personnel, la transparence de notre travail face aux patients ainsi que l'dentification claire d'une partie importante des objectifs de traitement. Il apporte également un complément précieux à l'évaluation de la dangerosité. Conclusion: L'instrument de mesure des progrès cliniques (l'IMPC) est un outil pertinent pour la population spécifique des patients psychotiques violents hospitalisés. Il permet de mieux cerner les progrès thérapeutiques et contribue à préciser la dangerosité dans une perspective évolutive. D'autres versions en vue d'un usage en milieu général et externe sont à prévoir.
Prevalence of Panic Disorder in Cardiac Outpatients
Authors: Morris Amit , Baker Bilan , Devins Gerald M , Shapiro Colin M 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To evaluate outpatients from Toronto-area cardiology clinics for panic disorder (PD) and investigate differences between patients with and without PD. Method: Participants were diagnosed using both standard DSM-IV criteria and an altered formulation that identified a more fearful panic group. Results: There was a prevalence of panic disorder (12.5%) in cardiac outpatients in keeping with previous studies. Patients with PD did not differ significantly from other patients with regard to the presence of significant heart disease. The higher prevalence of palpitations found in patients who met criteria for PD compared with those who did not reflects previous findings. PD cases did not differ significantly in family history from respondents without the disorder, but the more fearful group did (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PD often presents with cardiac symptoms, especially palpitations, and is often comorbid with heart disease.