bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The transcriptional integration of environmental cues with root cell type development
Authors: Gouran Mona , Brady Siobhan M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Plant roots navigate the soil ecosystem with each cell type uniquely responding to environmental stimuli. Below ground, the plant's response to its surroundings is orchestrated at the cellular level, including morphological and molecular adaptations that shape root system architecture as well as tissue and organ functionality. Our understanding of the transcriptional responses at cell type resolution has been profoundly enhanced by studies of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, both a comprehensive view of the transcriptional basis of these cellular responses to single and combinatorial environmental cues in diverse plant species remains elusive. In this review, we highlight the ability of root cell types to undergo specific anatomical or morphological changes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses or cues and how they collectively contribute to the plant's overall physiology. We further explore interconnections between stress and the temporal nature of developmental pathways and discuss examples of how this transcriptional reprogramming influences cell type identity and function. Finally, we highlight the power of single-cell and spatial transcriptomic approaches to refine our understanding of how environmental factors fine tune root spatiotemporal development. These complex root system responses underscore the importance of spatiotemporal transcriptional mapping, with significant implications for enhanced agricultural resilience.
Phosphorylation of the transcription factor SlBIML1 by SlBIN2 kinases delays flowering in tomato
Authors: Zhang Siwei , Deng Rui , Liu Jianwei , Luo Dan , Hu Miaomiao , Huang Shuhua , Jiang Meng , Du Jia , Jin Tong , Liu Dehai , Li Yuchao , Khan Maqsood , Wang Shufen , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are well known for their important role in the regulation of plant growth and development. Plants with deficiency in BR signaling show delayed plant development and exhibit late flowering phenotypes. However, the precise mechanisms involved in this process require investigation. In this study, we cloned homologs of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (SlBIN2), the GSK3-like protein kinase in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We characterized growth-related processes and phenotypic changes in the transgenic lines and found that SlBIN2 transgenic lines have delayed development and slow growing phenotypes. SlBIN2s work redundantly to negatively regulate BR signaling in tomato. Furthermore, the transcription factor SlBIN2.1-INTERACTING MYB-LIKE 1 (SlBIML1) was identified as a downstream substrate of SlBIN2s that SlBIN2s interact with and phosphorylate to synergistically regulate tomato developmental processes. Specifically, SlBIN2s modulated protein stability of SlBIML1 by phosphorylating multiple amino acid residues, including the sites Thr266 and Thr280. This study reveals a branch of the BR signaling pathway that regulates the vegetative growth phase and delays floral transition in tomato without the feedback affecting BR signaling. This information enriches our understanding of the downstream transduction pathway of BR signaling and provides potential targets for adjusting tomato flowering time.
Developmental responses of roots to limited phosphate availability: Research progress and application in cereals
Authors: Lu Hong , Ren Meiyan , Lin Rongbin , Jin Kangming , Mao Chuanzao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Phosphorus (P), an essential macronutrient, is crucial for plant growth and development. However, available inorganic phosphate (Pi) is often scarce in soil, and its limited mobility exacerbates P deficiency in plants. Plants have developed complex mechanisms to adapt to Pi-limited soils. The root, the primary interface of the plant with soil, plays an essential role in plant adaptation to Pi-limited soil environments. Root system architecture significantly influences Pi acquisition via the dynamic modulation of primary root and/or crown root length, lateral root proliferation and length, root hair development, and root growth angle in response to Pi availability. This review focuses on the physiological, anatomical, and molecular mechanisms underpinning changes in root development in response to Pi starvation in cereals, mainly focusing on the model monocot plant rice (Oryza sativa). We also review recent efforts to modify root architecture to enhance P uptake efficiency in crops and propose future research directions aimed at the genetic improvement of Pi uptake and use efficiency in crops based on root system architecture.
Socioeconomic resources in youth are linked to divergent patterns of network integration/segregation across the brain's transmodal axis
Authors: Michael Cleanthis , Taxali Aman , Angstadt Mike , Kardan Omid , Weigard Alexander , Molloy M Fiona , McCurry Katherine L , Hyde Luke W , Heitzeg Mary M , Sripada Chandra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Socioeconomic resources (SER) calibrate the developing brain to the current context, which can confer or attenuate risk for psychopathology across the lifespan. Recent multivariate work indicates that SER levels powerfully relate to intrinsic functional connectivity patterns across the entire brain. Nevertheless, the neuroscientific meaning of these widespread neural differences remains poorly understood, despite its translational promise for early risk identification, targeted intervention, and policy reform. In the present study, we leverage graph theory to precisely characterize multivariate and univariate associations between SER across household and neighborhood contexts and the intrinsic functional architecture of brain regions in 5,821 youth (9–10 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. First, we establish that decomposing the brain into profiles of integration and segregation captures more than half of the multivariate association between SER and functional connectivity with greater parsimony (100-fold reduction in number of features) and interpretability. Second, we show that the topological effects of SER are not uniform across the brain; rather, higher SER levels are associated with greater integration of somatomotor and subcortical systems, but greater segregation of default mode, orbitofrontal, and cerebellar systems. Finally, we demonstrate that topological associations with SER are spatially patterned along the unimodal–transmodal gradient of brain organization. These findings provide critical interpretive context for the established and widespread associations between SER and brain organization. This study highlights both higher-order and somatomotor networks that are differentially implicated in environmental stress, disadvantage, and opportunity in youth.
Association between non-neoplastic bladder diseases and bladder cancer risk: insights from Mendelian randomization studies
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Rongkang , Zhang Shaohua , Li Hangxu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Our aim is to explore the relation between non-neoplastic bladder diseases and bladder cancer (BC) from a genetic level utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to cystitis, bladder stones, and neuropathic bladder were gathered from the IEU genome-wide association studies database. Quality control on SNPs was performed via stringent screening criteria. The relation between non-neoplastic bladder diseases and BC risk was evaluated using inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. Cochran’s Q test was conducted to assess the heterogeneity of SNPs; in addition, the MR-Egger intercept test was employed to examine the horizontal pleiotropy of SNPs. Exposure and outcomes were validated using a validation database. Finally, BC was used as the exposure and non-neoplastic bladder diseases as the outcome to evaluate reverse causality.

Results
The outcomes showcased that genetically predicted cystitis is significantly correlated to a raised risk of BC (inverse-variance weighted: odds ratio [95%] = 1.1737 [1.0317, 1.3352], P = .0149), consistent with the BC validation cohort in the MR analysis. Nevertheless, no causal relation was found between bladder stone and neuropathic bladder with BC risk (P &gt; .05). In this study, sensitivity analysis indicated no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.

Conclusion
The study presents proof of a genetic-level causal relation between cystitis and increased BC risk, while bladder stones and neuropathic bladder do not show similar associations.
Addressing Health Care Access Disparities Through a Public Health Approach to Physical Therapist Practice
Authors: McKinney Jessica , Kelm Nicole , Windsor Brett , Keyser Laura E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As the field evolves as a doctoring profession, the role and scope of physical therapist practice must also grow to meet important and urgent public health needs. Scalable, population-level interventions must be prioritized to the same degree as tailored, individual-level care. Drawing from public health frameworks, this perspective proposes an approach to population–level physical therapist care delivery that aims to mitigate disease and disability and improve health outcomes by expanding access, decreasing cost, and improving quality of care for those facing the greatest health disparities. Application of these frameworks prompts the development of novel approaches to rehabilitation service delivery to advance twin goals of promoting access to care and reducing health disparities. This paper describes how a population health framework and public health approach can be used to support necessary evolution and innovation within the field of physical therapy and to improve rehabilitation service delivery. Rapid developments in the digital and virtual health space have created a unique opportunity for physical therapists to lean into a new vision of their role as clinicians within the broader health ecosystem. This paper will provide clinicians with a broader perspective of physical therapist expertise and describe opportunities for the development and application of a physical therapist skill set toward driving population health outcomes. Real-world examples will guide clinicians to consider opportunities in their own practice for implementing this public health approach and potentially addressing various contributors to persistent health disparities.
Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor positron emission tomography imaging in muscles of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Zhang Bing , Niu Yuanyuan , Long Yali , He Qiao , Luo Guangxi , Xu Hanshi , Zhang Xiangsong , Zhan Zhongping , Chen Dongying 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Mesenchymal stromal cells in muscles participate in regeneration following muscle injury. This study explored the potential of [18F]fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-42 PET targeting mesenchymal stromal cells to evaluate disease activity of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM).

Methods
Patients with IIM (n = 26) were prospectively included and underwent [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT and whole-body MRI between January 2023 and July 2023. Patients with malignancies were retrospectively included in the control group and only underwent [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT (n = 28). [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT images were evaluated using for avid-FAPI uptake and the target-to-background ratio (TBR). Whole-body MRI was evaluated for oedema, fatty infiltration and atrophy in 42 muscles in the IIM group. The global FAPI- and MRI-derived parameters were calculated for each patient. Clinical assessment of disease activity and muscle strength were collected.

Results
Patients with IIM had significantly higher global FAPI-avid muscle ratios (0.68 [IQR: 0.45, 0.79] vs 0.06 [IQR: 0, 0.11], P &lt; 0.001) and global muscle TBR (2.26 [IQR: 1.71, 2.75] vs 1.23 [IQR: 1.02, 1.52], P &lt; 0.001) compared with controls. In the IIM group, the median TBR was higher in muscles with oedema than in those without (2.44 [IQR: 1.46, 3.27] vs 1.31 [IQR: 0.95, 1.99], P &lt; 0.001). Global FAPI-avid muscle ratios significantly correlated with global oedema score (r = 0.833), muscle strength (r = −0.649), serum creatine kinase (r = 0.456) and disease activity index (r = 0.495–0.621).

Conclusion
Increased [18F]FAPI-42 uptake was associated with muscle oedema in IIM. FAPI-derived parameters correlated with IIM disease activity. [18F]FAPI-42 is a promising PET tracer for evaluating IIM disease activity.
A spectrum of altered non-rapid eye movement sleep in schizophrenia
Authors: Kozhemiako Nataliia , Jiang Chenguang , Sun Yifan , Guo Zhenglin , Chapman Sinéad , Gai Guanchen , Wang Zhe , Zhou Lin , Li Shen , Law Robert G , Wang Lei A , Mylonas Dimitrios , Shen Lu , Murphy Michael , Qin Shengying , Zhu Wei , Zhou Zhenhe , Stickgold Robert , Huang Hailiang , Tan Shuping , Manoach Dara S , Wang Jun , Hall Mei-Hua , Pan Jen Q , Purcell Shaun M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Multiple facets of sleep neurophysiology, including electroencephalography (EEG) metrics such as non-rapid eye movement (NREM) spindles and slow oscillations, are altered in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, beyond group-level analyses, the extent to which NREM deficits vary among patients is unclear, as are their relationships to other sources of heterogeneity including clinical factors, aging, cognitive profiles, and medication regimens. Using newly collected high-density sleep EEG data on 103 individuals with SCZ and 68 controls, we first sought to replicate our previously reported group-level differences between patients and controls (original N = 130) during the N2 stage. Then in the combined sample (N = 301 including 175 patients), we characterized patient-to-patient variability. We replicated all group-level mean differences and confirmed the high accuracy of our predictive model (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.93 for diagnosis). Compared to controls, patients showed significantly increased between-individual variability across many (26%) sleep metrics. Although multiple clinical and cognitive factors were associated with NREM metrics, collectively they did not account for much of the general increase in patient-to-patient variability. The medication regimen was a greater contributor to variability. Some sleep metrics including fast spindle density showed exaggerated age-related effects in SCZ, and patients exhibited older predicted biological ages based on the sleep EEG; further, among patients, certain medications exacerbated these effects, in particular olanzapine. Collectively, our results point to a spectrum of N2 sleep deficits among SCZ patients that can be measured objectively and at scale, with relevance to both the etiological heterogeneity of SCZ as well as potential iatrogenic effects of antipsychotic medication.
Identifying Professional Goals and Promoting Career Development in Nursing Students Through Reflection and Simulation
Authors: Abbate Santina , Gambino Kathleen M. , Timoney Paula M. , Wellins Anna-Marie , Savoca Marianna , Zalewski Urszula 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCareer planning is an important but often neglected component of a nursing program curriculum. To increase retention and encourage professional advancement at the school of nursing of a large, public university in the Northeast, a virtual simulated career development day was established to provide students with the tools needed to navigate the job acquisition process and secure appropriate employment. Course outcomes and student feedback indicated that a successful transition to practice and advancement to higher levels of professional nursing can be promoted through the development of superior interviewing skills, a strong resume, and insight regarding one’s professional goals and values.
The Cervical Intervertebral Foramen
Authors: Caballo Jesse , Darden Austin , Ahmad Shahjehan , Boody Barrett 
Published: September 2024

Study Design:
This is an evidence-based narrative review article.

Objective:
We hope to provide a primer on cervical intervertebral foramen (cIVF) anatomy for spine surgeons, interventionalists, and physiatrists who regularly treat cervical spine pathology, and encourage further exploration of this topic.

Background:
This corridor for exiting cervical nerve roots is characterized by its intricate microanatomy involving ligamentous, nervous, and vascular structures. Degenerative changes such as facet hypertrophy and disc herniations alter these relationships, potentially leading to nerve root compression and cervical radiculopathy.

Methods:
This review synthesizes existing knowledge on the cIVF. Key imaging, cadaveric, and clinical studies serve as a foundation for this anatomic review.

Results:
We explore topics such as dynamic changes that affect foraminal size and their implications for nerve root compression, the relationship of the dorsal root ganglion to the cervical foramen, and the function and clinical significance of foraminal ligaments, arteries, and veins.

Conclusions:
Changes in the cIVF are frequently the basis of cervical degenerative pathologies. A comprehensive understanding of its microanatomical structure will allow the practitioner to better treat the underlying disease process causing their symptoms and signs.
Histopathologic Analysis of Chronic Cutaneous Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Alvarado Savannah M. , Cohen Olivia G. , Lattanzio Katherine , Haun Paul , Gelfand Joel M. , Loren Alison W. , Chung Jina , Baumrin Emily 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and nonrelapse mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Skin biopsy of cGVHD is recommended when clinical features are not diagnostic, yet the histopathologic features of skin cGVHD are not well described. The objective of this study is to describe the histopathologic features of skin cGVHD in epidermal, sclerotic, and combination cGVHD. Of 49 patients with skin cGVHD, 30 of 49 (61.2%) were male, and mean age was 55 years (SD 11.1). Clinically, 33 of 49 (67.3%) had epidermal cGVHD (E-cGVHD), 1 of 49 (2.1%) had sclerotic cGVHD (S-cGVHD), and 15 of 49 (30.6%) had combination disease. The 49 patients corresponded to 83 unique pathologic specimens with 67 of 83 (80.7%) taken from E-cGVHD, and 16 of 83 (19.3%) from S-cGVHD lesions. Nearly all biopsy specimens from E-cGVHD showed minimal features of active GVHD, including apoptosis in the epidermal basal layer (n = 63, 94.0%), vacuolar change (n = 62, 92.5%), and lymphocyte satellitosis (n = 57, 85.1%). The predominant histologic pattern of E-cGVHD was lichen planus/interface dermatitis (n = 31, 47.0%). S-cGVHD specimens also showed minimal features of active GVHD with apoptosis of the epidermal basal layer (n = 11, 68.8%) and vacuolar change (n = 8, 50.0%). In addition, S-cGVHD showed sclerosis of the papillary and reticular dermis and subcutaneous septae (n = 8, 50.0%; n = 11, 68.8%; n = 5, 31.2%, respectively). The predominant histologic pattern of S-cGVHD was lichen sclerosus/morphea-like pattern (n = 10, 62.5%). Although minimal pathologic features of active GVHD are common, the majority of cGVHD biopsies share features with the inflammatory skin diseases that they clinically resemble. Complete histologic reporting is recommended with implications for disease endotyping and personalized therapy.
Bacterial contamination and greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Karlsson Snorri Laxdal , Edman-Wallér Jon , Gudmundsson Magni Vidar , Bentzer Peter , Moller Per Werner 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Reusing anaesthesia infusion-set components may reduce the climate impact from plastic waste and discarded medications. Infusion-set contents can be shielded from patient contact by single use of an infusion line fitted with dual antireflux valves, preventing retrograde entry of microorganisms, and eliminating the risk for patient-to-patient cross-contamination. However, infusion-set contamination from compromised aseptic handling could affect quality of care.

INTERVENTIONS
To determine the prevalence of infusion-set bacterial contamination and compare the climate effects, we randomised operating rooms scheduled for total intravenous anaesthesia to handle procedures by infusion-set reuse or single-use. Both methods used dual single-use antireflux valves.

OUTCOMES
The primary outcome was infusion-set bacterial contamination assessed by aerobic culture of infusion-set fluid collected after each procedure. The secondary outcome was CO2 emissions (CO2-eq) estimated by life cycle assessment of component and medication use. To assess feasibility of detecting an inter-method difference in bacterial contamination, an interim analysis was planned after including at least 150 procedures per group.

RESULTS
After allocating 54 operating rooms per method, 189 and 159 procedures of reuse and single use were included. Reuse permitted a median of three procedures per infusion set (range 1 to 8). Positive cultures occurred in two procedures per method [mean (95% CI)]; prevalence 1.15% (0.03 to 2.27); relative risk of reuse versus single use 0.84 (0.12 to 5.93), P = 0.861. As prespecified, inclusion was stopped due to futility. The median (95% CI) per-procedure climate emissions were 0.43 (0.41 to 0.47) and 1.39 (1.37 to 1.40) kg CO2-eq for reuse and single-use respectively; difference -0.96 (-0.99 to -0.93), P < 0.0005. The main sources for climate emissions were production of infusion-set components and waste handling.

CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that the prevalence of bacterial contamination was low for both methods. A much larger study would be needed to detect an inter-method difference. Reuse of infusion-set components allowed significantly reduced intravenous anaesthesia climate emissions.
AGTR1 variant rs2638355 is associated with increased salt sensitivity of blood pressure: a female-specific effect in individuals from the HyperPath cohort
Authors: Tchio Cynthia , Heydarpour Mahyar , Pojoga Luminita , Taylor Herman , Williams Gordon , Williams Jonathan S. , Seely Ellen W. 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
Salt-sensitive hypertension (SSH) affects approximately half of the hypertensive population, increasing the risk of vascular complications. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of SSH remain complex and need to be fully elucidated. Our prior research has identified genetic factors contributing to the salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP), particularly involving genes regulating volume and blood pressure. We also observed enhanced peripheral vascular response to angiotensin II in humans with salt-sensitive hypertension. Given the pivotal role of the angiotensin II receptor type-1 (AT1R or AGTR1) in blood pressure and intravascular volume regulation, we hypothesized a genetic association between AGTR1 and SSBP.

Methods:
Our study involved 240 individuals of European ancestry from the HyperPATH cohort, examined under restricted and high dietary salt conditions. We employed a tagging single nucleotide variant approach to genotype participants at AGTR1.

Results:
Our regression model revealed a significant association between the rs2638355 (A/G) variant and salt-sensitive systolic blood pressure (SS-SBP), and rs2638355 increased AGTR1 gene expression. Notably, carriers of the risk-allele of the noncoding regulatory variant rs2638355 exhibited higher systolic blood pressure under high salt diet conditions than nonrisk allele individuals. A sex-stratified analysis showed this salt-driven effect on systolic blood pressure was significant only in females, underscoring the role of dietary salt in modulating genetic effects in this group. Furthermore, a restricted salt diet in these individuals diminished blood pressure and negated the blood pressure phenotype–genotype association.

Conclusion:
Overall, our findings could aid in pinpointing individuals with salt-sensitive blood pressure among hypertensive patients, especially considering dietary and sex-specific factors.