bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometrics and reproductive parameters of Rhynchophorus morphotypes(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Ghana
Authors: Anankware Jacob , Debrah Shadrack , Asomah Shadrack , Egonyu James , Obeng-Ofori Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Palm weevils are widely distributed throughout Ghana causing severe economic injuries to palm plantations. However, the description and categorisation of palm weevil species based on the morphology in Ghana are lacking. This study sought to identify and determine the morphometrics and reproductive parameters of different Rhynchophorus morphotypes in Ghana. One thousand and two hundred (1200) larvae each weighing 5 grams were collected by handpicking from infested palm trunks from palm plantation site in the Middle Belt (Kobedi, Diabaa, Asuhyiae, Nsuta, Tanoso, Bomaa, and Akrodie) and Southern Ghana (Fumesua, Kubease, and Donyina). These larvae were allowed to cocoon and pupate, and the adults that emerged were described and categorised into different morphotypes using morphological description keys of Rhynchophorus species. Three Rhynchophorus morphotypes were identified and described; rusty red weevil with black spots on the pronotum (RRW), black weevil with two red stripes on the pronotum (BWS), and black weevil without a longitudinal stripe pronotum (BW). The fecundity and female longevity of morphotypes of BWS (FF = 102.6 ± 38.85, FL = 43.6 ± 12.07) and BW (FF = 100.1 ± 39.45, FL = 43.6 ± 12.10) were superior to mature RRW female morphotype (FF = 39.1 ± 28.33, FL = 38.6 ± 9.21). The RRW morphotype may require more generations to adapt to the conditions in Ghana to improve on its life history parameters. The lowest fecundity of the RRW morphotype could be an advantage to limiting its spread across palm plantation sites in Ghana.
Dynamic reorganization of multivesicular bodies and exosome production impacted by sonoporation
Authors: Li Weiping , Saleh Najla A. , Gao Connie , Gagea Matthew A. , Vitija Xheneta , Kanada Masamitsu , Deng Cheri X. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Naturally occurring cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as attractive nanocarriers for drug delivery. However, producing large quantities of EVs for clinical applications in a scalable manner remains a significant challenge. This study investigates how sonoporation, or membrane poration produced by ultrasound-induced microbubble cavitation, impacts EV production using mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stably expressing CD63-GFP as a model system. Real-time fluorescence videomicroscopy detected rapid changes in CD63-GFP, a tetraspanin family member highly enriched in intraluminal vesicles tagged with GFP, to track changes in multivesicular bodies (MVBs), the cellular compartments where exosomes originate within the cells. Our results revealed distinct dynamic changes in CD63-GFP intensity and distribution in RAW 264.7 cells depending on whether they were directly or indirectly impacted by sonoporation, suggesting rapid reorganization of MVBs in response to direct and indirect mechanisms. Analysis of the supernatant from sonoporation-treated RAW 264.7 cells expressing CD63-GFP demonstrated a delayed and sustained increase in the production of CD63-GFP-positive EVs. These results show the robust effect of sonoporation and reveal insights into sonoporation-induced EV release that are useful for future development of sonoporation to enhance large-scale EV production.
Dietary Selenium Intake and All-Cause Mortality in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Dose-Response Relationship
Authors: Wang Xiaona , Wang Dongyan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Selenium plays a complex role in human health as an essential nutrient. Basic research has shown that selenium has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. At present, the relationship between dietary selenium intake and mortality of diabetic kidney disease is unclear. This study affirmed the relationship between dietary selenium intake and all-cause mortality among adults with DKD.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2014, 2,183 individuals with DKD were included in this analysis. The mortality rate was determined through the linkage of National Death Index records up to 31 December 2015. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The Kaplan Meier plotter is capable of analyzing the relationship between survival and selenium intake.
RESULTS
1063 deaths occurred during an average follow-up period of 8 years. A total of 298 deaths (54.880%) were observed in the lowest quartile of selenium intake, whereas 226 deaths (41.392%) were recorded in the highest quartile group. Adjusted for multiple variables, including demography factors, dietary factors, lifestyles, glucose control, and important comorbidities, selenium intake associated with a lower all-cause mortality risk in a dose-response relationship. Compared to the group with the lowest selenium intake, the hazard ratio(HR) of the highest group was 0.712 (95% CI 0.558,0.908) for mortality (Ptrend = 0.021) with adjustment of potential confounding potential factors.
CONCLUSION
After adjusting for confounding variables, In people with DKD, dietary selenium intake was associated with a reduced mortality risk.
Prevalence and determinants of Neonatal hypothermia in a tertiary Hospital, Gondar Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alemu Mehretie Kokeb , Genet Geta Bayu , Dubie Addisu Ginbu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Neonatal hypothermia is a significant global problem of neonates with huge contribution of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Recognizing major contributors of neonatal hypothermia is very important in designing preventing methods which was the objective of our study. This was an institution-based cross-sectional study conducted on 339 neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital over 6months. Study participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique and both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify contributors and p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In our study, prevalence of neonatal hypothermia was 70.05%. Low birth weight (AOR = 8.35, 95%CI: 2.34, 29.80), bathing with in 24 hour (AOR = 3.96, 95%CI: 1.06, 14.78), absence of head cover (AOR = 3.11, 95%CI: 1.16, 8.38), C/S delivery ( AOR = 8.54, 95%CI: 2.01, 36.39), night time delivery (AOR = 2.92, 95%CI: 1.29, 6.61) and being out born (AOR = 6.84, 95%CI: 2.12, 22.13) were having significant association with neonatal hypothermia. In this study; the Prevalence of neonatal hypothermia was significantly high and low birth weight, bathing within 24 hours ,absence of head cove ,C/S delivery, delivery at night and being out born were having significant association with neonatal hypothermia.
Impact of Reglone® Herbicide Application on Soil Microbial Activity: An Assessment in the Context of Brazilian Family Farming
Authors: Santos Maria da Conceição Sousa , Rodrigues Edmo Montes 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Family farming practices are subject to modification as new technologies become available. The act of weeding to remove weeds can require a significant investment of time from the farmer and thus has been supplanted by the use of herbicides. Such practices can cause health issues for the farmer and disrupt the soil's biological community, which could ultimately lead to a reduction in soil fertility over time. The present study aimed to evaluate the consequences of applying different concentrations of the herbicide Reglone® on soil microbial activity. Experiments were conducted with soil samples containing varying concentrations of Reglone®. The soil moisture was adjusted to 60% of its water holding capacity, and the microcosms were incubated for 28 days at 25°C. The results demonstrated that the concentration of 1.3 mg/kg, which is the Predicted Environmental Concentration of the active ingredient (diquat), did not impact soil microbial respiration in comparison to the control. However, concentrations two and three times higher resulted in a significant reduction in microbial activity, which may negatively impact the nutrient cycling and the agricultural efficiency of soils exposed to these herbicide concentrations, which are widely used for controlling weeds. It can be concluded that the application of the herbicide Reglone® exerts influence on soil microbial activity at dosages above the predicted concentration, which were 2.6 mg/kg and 3.9 mg/kg of the active ingredient. A decline in soil quality and agricultural productivity can have adverse consequences for farmers, potentially leading to reduced income and an exodus from rural areas.
Unifying spatiotemporal and frequential attention for traffic prediction
Authors: Guo Qi , Tan Qi , Tang Jun , Shi Benyun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Urban traffic flow prediction is an essential task within intelligent transportation systems, and numerous methodologies have been proposed to address it. However, most existing approaches focus on historical traffic information in terms of spatial and temporal aggregation, neglecting the implied spectral analysis of traffic time series. In this paper, we introduce the traffic flow in the frequency domain and, in conjunction with attention mechanisms, comprehensively learn the hidden correlations between spatial, temporal, and frequential. By deeply learning the spatial graph topological correlations of traffic flow, and using spectral analysis, fusing time series and implied periodic correlations in the temporal and frequential, we have constructed an innovative traffic prediction network model known as the Spatial Temproal-Frequential Attention Network (STFAN). The core of this network is the application of attention mechanisms to project the hidden states of traffic features in the current spatial, temporal, and frequential onto future hidden states, thereby comprehensively learning the hidden relationships of each dimension to future states and achieving the prediction of future traffic flow. To validate the performance of the proposed model, experiments were conducted on two public datasets from the California Department of Transportation (PeMS04 and PeMS08). The results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms existing baseline models in terms of predictive accuracy, especially in medium and long-term traffic flow forecasting. Additionally, the ablation study confirmed the influence of frequency domain characteristics of traffic flow on future traffic states, thus proving the theoretical and practical effectiveness of the model.
Surface Integrity in Rotary Broaching of Ti6Al4V: Analyzing the Effects of Kinematic and Cutting Parameters
Authors: Rasti Amir , Tarshizi Mohammad , Khosrowshahi Javad Hashemi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The rotary broaching process is critical for manufacturing dental and orthopedic implants from Ti6Al4V. Despite extensive research on machining titanium alloys, the rotary broaching of Ti6Al4V remains underexplored, particularly regarding the relationship between machining parameters and surface integrity. This study investigates the effects of cutting parameters and rotary broaching kinematics on surface roughness, microhardness, and texture. Hexagonal holes were machined into ϕ10×20 mm rods using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for experimental design and analysis. Results indicated that feed rate and rotational speed are the primary factors affecting surface roughness, contributing 51% and 24.5% respectively, with roughness values ranging from 0.258 to 0.701 µm. Contrary to conventional orthogonal cutting theory, an increase in cutting speed led to higher cutting edge engagement frequency, adversely affecting surface texture and roughness due to the unique kinematics of rotary broaching. Additionally, microhardness of the broached samples increased from 341Hv to a maximum of 386Hv due to work hardening, primarily driven by feed rate and its effect on strain hardening of Ti6Al4V. Surface texture analysis revealed defects such as smears and grooves, caused by the ploughing effect and poor chip disposal, which could be mitigated by chamfering the pilot hole entrance.
Markers of inflammation predicts long-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome – a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Odeberg Jacob , Halling Anders , Ringborn Michael , Freitag Michael , Persson Marie Louise , Vaara Ivar , Råstam Lennart , Odeberg Håkan , Lindblad Ulf 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
A chronic low-grade inflammation is a well-known risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) and future cardiovascular events, and anti-inflammatory therapy can reduce the risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) events following a myocardial infarction. It is not known to what extent inflammation at time of an acute event is predictive of long-term events. We explored the hypothesis that routine blood measurements of markers of inflammation in an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are predictive of future long-term mortality.
Methods:
In a cohort of 5292 consecutive patients admitted to a coronary intensive care unit with suspected ACS over a four-year period in the Carlscrona Heart Attack Prognosis Study (CHAPS), 908 patients aged 30-74 years (644 men, 264 women) had at discharge received the diagnosis of either myocardial infarction (MI) (527) or unstable angina (UA) (381). In this group we performed a longitudinal 10-year follow-up study based on information from the Swedish national registries, using total mortality and cardiac disease mortality as primary outcome measures.
Results:
Long term total mortality and cardiac mortality was significantly associated with higher leucocyte counts (e.g. neutrophiles, monocytes, eosinophiles) and higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers (e.g. C-reactive protein, Serum Amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen, neutrophile-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR)), measured at time of hospital admission for ACS. These findings were independent of the ACS diagnosis.
Conclusion:
Our results suggests that degree of inflammation at time of ACS presentation, beyond its established role as major risk factor for development of CHD, has further role in long-term mortality following an ACS. Interestingly, our results suggest that the inflammation at time of the event is a stronger predictor of long term mortality than the outcome of the acute event.
Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas sp. HT11 isolated from broad bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: zhang hui , ma Lianjie , liao Dunxiu , tang rongli , hang Xiaoning , lu wencai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Bacterial strain HT11 was isolated from broad bean (Vicia faba L.) and found to have strong antifungal activity against the fungus Botrytis fabiopsis (which causes red spot of broad bean). To better understand the secondary metabolites of the HT11 strain, its complete genome was sequenced and analyzed. It contained a single circular chromosome, with a length of 6,335,588 bp. The 16S rRNA gene comparison and the average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis confirmed that the HT11 strain is a new Pseudomonas strain. The complete genome encoded 5,366 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), 66 tRNA genes, and 16 rRNA genes. The total length of the annotated genes accounted for 82.93% (5,254,103/6,335,588 bp) of the complete genome. The predicted functional ORFs were grouped into 24 Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) categories. Fourteen gene clusters were detected in the genome, which were involved in the synthesis of pyochelin, pyocyanin, viscosin, and tolaasin I/tolaasin F. There were also three gene clusters involved in the synthesis of unknown metabolites. These results lay the foundation for further research on the interactions between Pseudomonas sp. HT11 and the pathogenic fungus Botrytis fabiopsis.
Steel Surface Defect Detection Based on YOLO and Multi-Source Heterogeneous Datasets
Authors: Wang Xue , Feng Suhuan , He Feng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The surface quality of steel directly impacts product performance, necessitating efficient defect detection techniques. However, existing methods often lack sufficient generalisation capability, struggle with detecting fuzzy small defects, and are computationally intensive. To address these issues, this study proposes an optimisation method for the YOLOv7 model. The approach involves the unif ied processing of multi-source datasets, the integration of the Swin Transformer module, the application of the ACmix attention mechanism to enhance small defect detection, and the use of GSConv convolution to reduce model complexity. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimised YOLOv7 model achieves a 5.9% increase in average accuracy, with detection accuracy for Ss and Cr defects improving by 13.9% and 16.3%, respectively. These enhancements significantly boost the model’s generalisation ability and detection accuracy, offering a more reliable solution for steel surface defect detection.
A fusion protein of polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1) and a Nudix hydrolase is involved in inorganic polyphosphate accumulation in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Authors: Yagisawa Fumi , Fujiwara Takayuki , Yamashita Shota , Hirooka Shunsuke , Tamashiro Kei , Izumi Jin , Kanesaki Yu , Onuma Ryo , Misumi Osami , Nakamura Soichi , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Kuroiwa Haruko , Kuroiwa Tsuneyoshi , Miyagishima Shin-ya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a linear polymer of phosphate that plays various roles in cells, including in phosphate and metal homeostasis. Homologs of the vacuolar transporter chaperon 4 (VTC4), catalyzing polyP synthesis in many eukaryotes, are absent in red algae, which are among the earliest divergent plant lineages. We identified homologs of polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1), a conserved polyP synthase in bacteria, in 42 eukaryotic genomes, including 31 species detected in this study and 12 species of red algae. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that most eukaryotic PPK1 homologs originated from horizontal gene transfer from a prokaryote to a plant before the divergence of red algae and Viridiplantae. In red algae, the homologs were fused to a nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X (Nudix) hydrolase of the diphosphoinositol polyphosphate phosphohydrolase (DIPP) family. We characterized the fusion protein CmPPK1 in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, which has been used in studies on basic features of eukaryotes. In the knockout strain ∆CmPPK1, polyP was undetectable, suggesting a primary role for CmPPK1 in polyP synthesis. In addition, ∆CmPPK1 showed altered metal balance. Mutations in the catalytically important residues of the Nudix hydrolase domain (NHD) either increased or decreased polyP contents. Both high and low polyP NHD mutants were susceptible to phosphate deprivation, indicating that adequate NHD function is necessary for normal phosphate starvation responses. The results reveal the unique features of PPK1 in red algae and promote further investigation of polyP metabolism and functions in red algae and eukaryotic evolution.
Detection of Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis in Intractable Epilepsy Using Integrated 18 F-FDG PET/MR Imaging
Authors: Hou Yaqin , Hu Jie , Wang Jingjuan , Yao Chenyang , Wang Zhenming , Lu Jie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Crossed cerebellar diaschisis involves reduced metabolism and blood flow in the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to a supratentorial lesion. ASL is a valuable tool for quantifying regional cerebral blood flow. This study assesses ASL-MRI’s ability to detect CCD in epilepsy using integrated 18F-FDG PET/MRI and compares ASL with PET images in evaluating CCD.
Methods
74 patients with drug-refractory epilepsy who underwent integrated 18F-FDG PET/MRI pre-surgery and CT/MRI post-surgery was analysed. Regions of interest were outlined on MRI images and simultaneously transferred to PET and ASL images. CCD detection was evaluated visually and semi-quantitatively using the absolute asymmetry index (AIabs).
Results
Out of 74 patients, PET detected CCD in 24 (32.43%) and ASL in 18 (24.32%), with no significant difference between them (P=0.274). Four CCD types were identified: both PET and ASL positive (16.22%), PET positive and ASL negative (16.22%), ASL positive and PET negative (8.10%), and both negative (59.46%). AIabs correlation was positive between PET and ASL in the epileptic zone (r=0.658, P<0.001) and cerebellum (r=0.407, P<0.001). In ASL CCD-positive cases, AIabs showed a negative correlation between the epileptic zone and cerebellum (r=-0.581, P=0.011), while in both PET and ASL CCD-positive cases, AIabs correlation was positive (r=0.670, P=0.017).
Conclusion
ASL is a viable method for assessing CCD in epilepsy patients. In CCD-positive cases, a notable discrepancy was observed: no correlation in PET images but a correlation in ASL images between the supratentorial epileptic zone and contralateral cerebellar hemisphere, indicating CCD might be linked to regional cerebral blood flow changes.
“Do traditional customs brought support or obstacles during the first postpartum year?” : A qualitative investigation on perceived barriers of primiparas in the context of Chinese culture.
Authors: Nan Yiping , Yang Lei , Nisar Anum , Zhang Jingjun , Li Xiaomei , Liu Fang , Gao Yan , Zhang Miao , Zhang Yongai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Primiparas experience a series of physiological and emotional changes during the postpartum period. However, most studies have focused only on universal depressive symptoms and have neglected to interpret the possible mental health risk factors that primiparas may face in the context of specific cultures. This study sought to explore the experiences of Chinese primiparas, with the key point of understanding their barriers and correlated distress under the influence of cultural factors in the first postpartum year.
Methods
A descriptive phenomenological study design was used in this study. Unstructured interviews were conducted with 25 primiparas within one year of delivery during July and September 2022. Each conversation lasted between 32–56 min. Colaizzi’s seven-step phenomenological approach was utilized for data analysis.
Results
Six themes were identified, including (a) body weakness, pain and sleep deprivation are extremely common during the first confinement postpartum period; (b) struggling with much effort, sacrifice and obstacles to breastfeeding; (c) helplessness in childcare with insufficient or unreliable social support; (d) confusing difficult access to scientific maternal and child health knowledge; (e) frustrating increasing family conflicts centering on mother and mother-in-law relations; and (f) sticking to work or not bringing much entanglement to primiparas.
Conclusion
The results of this descriptive phenomenological study suggest that Chinese primiparas experienced a series of difficulties and distresses in the first postpartum year. Understanding the perceptions of specific problems with the combination of Chinese traditions, particularly in the first-month confinement in this context, is important for extending more practical and efficient interventions.