bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dacryolithiasis: A Review
Authors: Mishra Kapil , Hu Karen Y. , Kamal Saurabh , Andron Aleza , Della Rocca Robert C. , Ali Mohammad Javed , Nair Akshay Gopinathan 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To review and summarize the clinical features, presentations, diagnostic modalities and management of dacryolithiasis.

Methods:
A comprehensive PubMed search of all English articles on dacryolithiasis was reviewed. Although this review primarily relied on articles written in English, non-English-language articles that had abstracts translated into English were also reviewed. Data reviewed included epidemiology, pathogenesis, appearance and composition, clinical features, presentations, diagnostic modalities, management of dacryolithiasis and the implications of incidental dacryoliths found during lacrimal surgery.

Results:
Although an unknown proportion of dacryolithiasis cases may remain asymptomatic; epiphora, acute and/or recurrent dacryocystitis, punctal discharge, and localized swelling are the most common presenting features of dacryolithiasis. It may also present as partial nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Dacryoliths exhibit a variety in external appearances. While some minimally invasive techniques for the removal of dacryoliths have been described, dacryocystorhinostomy with removal of the dacryoliths remain the most effective treatment in cases of symptomatic dacryolithiasis. The expression and production of certain proteins and peptides, namely those of the trifoil factor family play a significant role in the pathogenesis of dacryoliths.

Conclusions:
The management of dacryolithiasis is driven by the goal of resolution of secondary obstruction and/or inflammation. Although a large number of dacryoliths are incidentally found during dacryocystorhinostomy, certain clinical features such as unilateral sac distension, particularly those with a palpable firm medial canthal mass, might lead one to have a high index of suspicion. It remains unclear if the incidental finding of a dacryolith during a dacryocystorhinostomy has a favorable prognostic value.
Predictability of Optic Foramen Location From a Ray Through the Ethmoidal Foramina
Authors: Mehta Milap P. , Chundury Rao V. , Ahn Eric S. , Mehta Dipesh , Jellema Lyman M. , Perry Julian D. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To determine how accurately a ray through the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina predicts the location of the optic foramen.

Methods:
Dried, well-preserved, complete human skulls without bony defects belonging to the Hamann-Todd osteological collection of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History were examined. Photography was performed and a ray was drawn on orbit photographs extending through the center of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina toward the optic canal. The location of the ray at the anterior aspect of the optic canal was recorded.

Results:
Sixty-six total orbits were examined from 36 skulls with 6 skulls with only unilateral data. Thirty-eight orbits were of African descent and 28 were of European descent with an average age 45.25 years (range = 19–89 years). The anterior–posterior ethmoidal foramen ray extended superior (12/66), through (53/66), and inferior (1/66) to the optic canal. Of those rays passing through the optic canal, 32/53 (60%) passed through the upper one-third, 19/53 (36%) passed through the middle one-third, and 2/53 (4%) passed through the lower one-third of the optic canal.

Conclusions:
The anterior–posterior ethmoidal foramen ray highly predicts the superior aspect of the optic canal. This information can guide medial orbital wall surgery.
Required Critical Conversations Between Medical Examiners/Coroners and Forensic Nurses
Authors: Infanti Mraz Megan A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Forensic teams work with the deceased and their families on a daily basis. The forensic team fulfills an important role during the death process and serves as a medium between the medical community and investigative community. The medical examiner, or coroner, depending on jurisdiction, plays a critical role in the death investigation, whose assessments and findings are a key element in care for the deceased in relation to the investigation. Communication regarding care for the deceased is critical to the completion of the investigation. Nine key discussion points are addressed as a means to launch communications between the forensic team and the medical examiner/coroner's office.
Protocolized care for early shock resuscitation
Authors: Goodwin Matthew , Ito Kaori , Gupta Arielle H. , Rivers Emanuel P. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose of review
Protocolized care for early shock resuscitation (PCESR) has been intensely examined over the last decade. The purpose is to review the pathophysiologic basis, historical origin, clinical applications, components and outcome implications of PCESR.

Recent findings
PCESR is a multifaceted systems-based approach that includes early detection of high-risk patients and interventions to rapidly reverse hemodynamic perturbations that result in global or regional tissue hypoxia. It has been applied to perioperative surgery, trauma, cardiology (heart failure and acute myocardial infarction), pulmonary embolus, cardiac arrest, undifferentiated shock, postoperative cardiac surgery and pediatric septic shock. When this approach is used for adult septic shock, in particular, it is associated with a mortality reduction from 46.5 to less than 30% over the last 2 decades. Challenges to these findings are seen when repeated trials contain enrollment, diagnostic and therapeutic methodological differences.

Summary
PCESR is more than a hemodynamic optimization procedure. It also provides an educational framework for the less experienced and objective recognition of clinical improvement or deterioration. It further minimizes practices’ variation and provides objective measures that can be audited, evaluated and amendable to continuous quality improvement. As a result, morbidity and mortality are improved.
Transfusion-transmitted babesiosis: is it time to screen the blood supply?
Authors: Levin Andrew E. , Krause Peter J. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose of review
This review summarizes the current status of blood screening to prevent transfusion-transmitted babesiosis (TTB).

Recent findings

Babesia microti has recently been determined to be the most common transfusion-transmitted pathogen in the United States. Patients who acquire TTB often experience severe illness with an associated mortality rate of about 20%. Recent studies have demonstrated that laboratory screening using B. microti antibody and/or PCR assays can effectively identify infectious blood donors and that this approach may offer a cost- effective means of intervention. Pathogen inactivation methods may offer an alternative solution. None of these methods has yet been licensed by US Food and Drug Administration, however, and current efforts to prevent TTB rely on excluding blood donors who report having had babesiosis.

Summary
TTB imposes a significant health burden on the United States population. Further research is needed to better inform decisions on optimal screening strategies and reentry criteria, but given the acute need and the currently available screening tools, initiation of blood donor screening to prevent TTB should be given high priority.
Physical Activity Preferences for People Living With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Craike Melinda , Hose Kaye , Courneya Kerry S. , Harrison Simon J. , Livingston Patricia M. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Although physical activity (PA) has significant benefits for people living with multiple myeloma (MM), participation rates are low. Examination of PA preferences will provide important information to clinicians and assist in the development of interventions to increase participation in PA for people living with MM.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to gain an in-depth understanding of the PA preferences for people living with MM, including the preferred role of clinicians.

Methods:
Semistructured interviews were conducted with patients treated for MM within the preceding 2 to 12 months. Interviews were analyzed using content analysis, where coding categories were derived directly from the text data.

Results:
Twenty-four interviews were conducted (women, 54%; age: mean [SD], 62 [8.8] years); 16 (67%) participants had an autologous stem cell transplant. Light- to moderate-intensity PA during and after treatment was feasible, with the strongest preference for a program 2 to 8 months after treatment. The timing of information delivery was important, as was input from clinicians and organizations with knowledge of MM. Preferences for location, structure, and timing of programs varied.

Conclusions:
Low- to moderate-intensity PA after treatment is likely to interest people with MM. Programs need to be flexible and consider individual differences in PA preferences, functional status, and treatment schedules.

Implications:
An individually tailored PA program should form part of clinical care, involving clinicians and organizations with expertise in MM. Options for home-based PA are also important. Further research, including a population-based study of people living with MM, is necessary to further quantify PA preferences.
Medication Errors in Outpatient Pediatrics
Authors: Berrier Kyla 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Medication errors may occur during parental administration of prescription and over-the-counter medications in the outpatient pediatric setting. Misinterpretation of medication labels and dosing errors are two types of errors in medication administration. Health literacy may play an important role in parents' ability to safely manage their child's medication regimen. There are several proposed strategies for decreasing these medication administration errors, including using standardized dosing instruments, using strictly metric units for medication dosing, and providing parents and caregivers with picture-based dosing instructions. Pediatric healthcare providers should be aware of these strategies and seek to implement many of them into their practices.
Peripheral Refraction Validity of the Shin-Nippon SRW5000 Autorefractor
Authors: Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi , Suheimat Marwan , Wolffsohn James S. , Atchison David A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate the operation of the Shin-Nippon/Grand Seiko autorefractor and whether higher-order aberrations affect its peripheral refraction measurements.MethodsInformation on instrument design, together with parameters and equations used to obtain refraction, was obtained from a patent. A model eye simulating the operating principles was tested with an optical design program. Effects of induced defocus and astigmatism on the retinal image were used to calibrate the model eye to match the patent equations. Coma and trefoil were added to assess their effects on the image. Peripheral refraction of a physical model eye was measured along four visual field meridians with the Shin-Nippon/Grand Seiko autorefractor SRW-5000 and a Hartmann-Shack aberrometer, and simulated autorefractor peripheral refraction was derived using the Zernike coefficients from the aberrometer.ResultsIn simulation, the autorefractor’s square image was changed in size by defocus, into rectangles or parallelograms by astigmatism, and into irregular shapes by coma and trefoil. In the presence of 1.0 D oblique astigmatism, errors in refraction were proportional to the higher-order aberrations, with up to 0.8 D sphere and 1.5 D cylinder for ±0.6 μm of coma or trefoil coefficients with a 5-mm-diameter pupil. For the physical model eye, refraction with the aberrometer was similar in all visual field meridians, but refraction with the autorefractor changed more quickly along one oblique meridian and less quickly along the other oblique meridian than along the horizontal and vertical meridians. Simulations predicted that higher-order aberrations would affect refraction in oblique meridians, and this was supported by the experimental measurements with the physical model eye.ConclusionsThe autorefractor’s peripheral refraction measurements are valid for horizontal and vertical field meridians, but not for oblique field meridians. Similar instruments must be validated before being adopted outside their design scope.
Do Prolonged Prophylactic Antibiotics Reduce the Incidence of Surgical-Site Infections in Immediate Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction?
Authors: Wang Frederick , Chin Robin , Piper Merisa , Esserman Laura , Sbitany Hani 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Approximately 50,000 women in the United States undergo mastectomy and immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction annually, and most receive postoperative prophylactic antibiotics. The effect of these antibiotics on the risk of surgical-site infections remains unclear.

Methods:
The authors searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies that compared less than 24 hours and greater than 24 hours of antibiotics following immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction. Primary outcomes were surgical-site infections and implant loss. Conservative random effects models were used to obtain pooled relative risk estimates.

Results:
The authors identified 927 studies, but only four cohort studies and one randomized controlled trial met their inclusion criteria. Unadjusted incidences of surgical-site infections were 14 percent with more than 24 hours of antibiotics, 19 percent with less than 24 hours of antibiotics, and 16 percent overall. Unadjusted incidences of implant loss were 8 percent with more than 24 hours of antibiotics, 10 percent with less than 24 hours of antibiotics, and 9 percent overall. The pooled relative risk of implant loss was 1.17 (95 percent CI, 0.39 to 3.6) with less than 24 hours of antibiotics, which was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Prolonged antibiotic use did not have a statistically significant effect on reducing surgical-site infections or implant loss. There was significant heterogeneity between studies, and prolonged antibiotics may have increased the risk of implant loss in the randomized controlled trial. Definitive evidence may only be obtained with data from more prospective randomized controlled trials.
Variations in Frontonasal Flap Design for Single-Stage Reconstruction of the Nasal Tip
Authors: Scheufler Oliver 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Single-stage reconstruction of the nasal tip using frontonasal flaps yields variable results. Variations in flap design were used to optimize outcome.

Methods:
Consecutive nasal tip reconstructions using frontonasal flaps performed by the author during a 6-year period were studied retrospectively. Patients were followed up clinically and charts were reviewed for defect size, vertical orientation (tip versus supratip), and horizontal orientation (central versus lateral). Surgical reports and digital photographs were evaluated for flap design that was adapted to the defect, individual anatomy, and the nasal subunit concept. Flaps were classified by size (standard versus extended), proximal scar configuration (angular versus curved), and distal scar configuration (straight versus stairstep). Surgical complications and aesthetic outcomes were evaluated.

Results:
Twenty-nine frontonasal flaps were performed in 16 female and 13 male patients with a mean age of 73 years. The average defect diameter was 2 cm. The average surface area was 4 cm2. Primary defects were located at the tip in 22 cases and the supratip in seven cases, with 19 being lateral and 10 being central. Standard flaps were chosen in 13 patients and extended flaps in 16 patients. Proximal scar configuration was angular in 20 cases and curved in nine cases. Distals scar configuration was straight in 21 patients and stairstep in eight cases. Minor flap complications occurred in eight patients. Outcome was rated good to excellent in 97 percent of patients.

Conclusion:
Aesthetically pleasing single-stage reconstruction of the nasal tip is attainable using an anatomically based approach to frontonasal flap design.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Gasification reactor engineering approach to understanding the formation of biochar properties
Authors: Rollinson Andrew N. 
Published: August 2016

The correlation between thermochemical provenance and biochar functionality is poorly understood. To this end, operational reactor temperatures (spanning the reduction zone), pressure and product gas composition measurements were obtained from a downdraft gasifier and compared against elemental composition, surface morphology and polyaromatic hydrocarbon content (PAH) of the char produced. Pine feedstock moisture with values of 7% and 17% was the experimental variable. Moderately high steady-state temperatures were observed inside the reactor, with a
ca
50°C difference in how the gasifier operated between the two feedstock types. Both chars exhibited surface properties comparable to activated carbon, but the relatively small differences in temperature caused significant variations in biochar surface area and morphology: micropore area 584 against 360 m
2
g
−1
, and micropore volume 0.287 against 0.172 cm
3
g
−1
. Differences in char extractable PAH content were also observed, with higher concentrations (187 µg g
−1
± 18 compared with 89 ± 19 µg g
−1
Σ16EPA PAH) when the gasifier was operated with higher moisture content feedstock. It is recommended that greater detail on operational conditions during biochar production should be incorporated to future biochar characterization research as a consequence of these results.
290 Metagenome-assembled Genomes from the Mediterranean Sea: a resource for marine microbiology
Authors: Tully Benjamin J. , Sachdeva Rohan , Graham Elaina D. , Heidelberg John F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Tara Oceans Expedition has provided large, publicly-accessible microbial metagenomic datasets from a circumnavigation of the globe. Utilizing several size fractions from the samples originating in the Mediterranean Sea, we have used current assembly and binning techniques to reconstruct 290 putative high-quality metagenome-assembled bacterial and archaeal genomes, with an estimated completion of ≥50%, and an additional 2,786 bins, with estimated completion of 0-50%. We have submitted our results, including initial taxonomic and phylogenetic assignments, for the putative high-quality genomes to open-access repositories for the scientific community to use in ongoing research.
Implementing evidence-based psychological substance misuse interventions in a high secure prison based personality disorder treatment service
Authors: Bennett Alice , Hunter Melanie 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to describe: the need for substance misuse treatment with high risk, personality disordered prisoners, and the implementation of two evidence-based psychological interventions aimed at addressing substance misuse within a high secure, personality disorder treatment unit and potential future evaluation options.

Design/methodology/approach
In addition to the literature base evidencing the need for substance misuse treatment with this population, the Iceberg and ‘InsideOut’ interventions are presented. These interventions adopt a risk reduction and health intervention approach respectively. This includes explanations of how they came to be implemented within a prison based personality disorder treatment service and potential ways to evaluate these services.

Findings
Evidence-based psychological interventions can be implemented for this population whilst being responsive to changing government priorities for substance misuse treatment. The organisation’s research strategy includes an intention to evaluate these interventions in order to inform future delivery.

Practical implications
The high levels of co-morbidity between personality disorder and substance misuse disorders in the high security prison estate highlights the need for substance related treatment for this population. Given the responsivity issues relevant to personality disordered offenders, the format of delivery of evidence-based psychological interventions has to be considered.

Originality/value
This paper discusses the application of evidence-based psychological interventions for substance use within a high secure, personality disordered population which has developed as a result of ministerial changes within the treatment of both substance misuse and personality disorder.
LETS Act: a behavioral activation treatment for substance use and depression
Authors: Daughters Stacey B , Magidson Jessica F , Lejuez Carl W. , Chen Yun 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
Substance use disorders (SUDs) often co-occur with major depressive disorder (MDD), yet treatments targeting this comorbidity are limited, especially in resource limited settings where individuals with SUDs often receive treatment.

Design/methodology/approach
Based upon principles of reinforcement and behavioral economic models of substance use, as well as the Brief Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD; Lejuez et al., 2011), the Life Enhancement Treatment for Substance Use (LETS ACT; Daughters et al., 2008) was developed to meet the unique needs of patients with MDD-SUD comorbidity.

Findings
The current manuscript presents a summary of the theoretical foundations and key components of LETS ACT.

Originality/value
A specific focus on increasing dissemination via the flexible delivery dependent on patient and treatment setting characteristics is provided throughout.
Substance misuse brief interventions during psychiatric hospital admissions
Authors: Graham Hermine L , Griffith Emma Jean , Copello Alex , Birchwood Max 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
To provide a summary of the principles, theories and basic components of a recently developed brief integrated motivational intervention (BIMI) for working with individuals experience co-ccurring severe mental health and substance use problems in inpatient settings, including the outcomes of a feasiblity randomised controlled trial (RCT). There are greater financial costs and a negative impact on functioning associated with psychiatric admissions for people who experience co-occurring severe mental heath and substance misuse problems. In addition, their engagement in treatment is often problematic.

Design/methodology/approach
The BIMI described was evaluated via a feasibility RCT that assessed whether the opportunity to discuss use of substances whilst on an inpatient ward represented an opportunity to engage inpatients in thinking about their use and the impact it has on their mental health.

Findings
The BIMI is delivered in short burst sessions of 15-30 minutes over a two-week period adopting a simple 3-step approach that can be delivered by routine ward staff. It incorporates an assessment of substance use, mental health and motivation followed by personalised feedback, a focus on increasing awareness of the impact on mental health and development of goals and a change plan. The intervention has been shown to lead to higher levels of engagement in clients exploration of substance use and the impact on mental health. Findings suggest both staff and inpatients found the intervention feasible and acceptable.

Originality/value
Routine ward staff were trained to deliver a brief intervention to inpatients during an acute hospital admission.