bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence of Daptomycin Nonsusceptibility and Treatment Failure in Patients With Corynebacterium striatum Bacteremia
Authors: Ikegaki Shunkichi , Ohji Goh , Ebisawa Kei Furui , Tsujimura Mitsutaka , Ohnuma Kenichiro , Iwata Kentaro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We retrospectively reviewed patients with Corynebacterium striatum bacteremia treated with daptomycin. All 11 isolates were initially susceptible to daptomycin, but the emergence of daptomycin nonsusceptibility during treatment and clinical failure occurred in 36% and 45% of patients, respectively.
Management of People Who Inject Drugs With Serious Injection-Related Infections in an Outpatient Setting: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dalai Arunima Soma , Leung Wayne , Johnson Heather , Bai Anthony D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
People who inject drugs (PWID) are at risk of severe injection-related infection (SIRI), which is challenging to manage. We conducted a scoping review to map the existing evidence on management of PWID with SIRI in an outpatient setting.

Methods
We conducted a literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, and CINAHL from their inception until 6 December 2023. Studies were included if they focused on PWID with SIRI requiring ≥2 weeks of antibiotic therapy, with a proportion of management occurring outside hospitals. Studies were categorized inductively and described.

Results
The review included 68 articles with the following themes. PWID generally prefer outpatient management if deemed safe and effective. Most studies support outpatient management, finding it to be as effective and safe as inpatient care, as well as less costly. Successful transition to outpatient management requires multidisciplinary discharge planning with careful consideration of patient-specific factors. Emerging evidence supports the effectiveness and safety of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy, long-acting lipoglycopeptides, and oral antibiotic therapy, each having unique advantages and disadvantages. Various specialized outpatient settings, such as skilled nursing facilities and residential treatment centers, are available for management of these infections. Finally, all patients are likely to benefit from adjunctive addiction care.

Conclusions
Emerging evidence indicates that outpatient management is effective and safe for SIRI, which is preferred by most PWID. Key components of outpatient management include multidisciplinary discharge planning, appropriate antibiotic modality, suitable care settings, and adjunctive addiction care. These elements should be carefully tailored to patient needs and circumstances.
Central Skull Base Osteomyelitis in Queensland, Australia, 2010–2020
Authors: Eustace Matthew B , Braddick Maxwell , Alcorn Kylie , Choong Keat , Satyaputra Ferris , Siebert David , Smith Simon , Sommerville Ryan , McCarthy Kate 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Central skull base osteomyelitis (CSBO) is an incompletely defined, life-threatening infection of the bones of the cranial vault. We describe the clinical features and outcomes of CSBO in Queensland, Australia, over an 11-year period.

Methods
Medical record coding enquiries identified cases of CSBO across 6 tertiary hospitals in Queensland, Australia, from January 2010 to December 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, diagnostic, management, and outcome data were collected from each identified case.

Results
Twenty-two cases of CSBO were identified within the study period; the median age was 73 years with a male predominance (73%). High rates of comorbid disease were detected, with a median Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 5. Diabetes mellitus was the most frequently observed condition. Six cases had bone sampling for microbiological diagnosis while the remainder had superficial sampling of contiguous structures. The most common pathogen isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by Staphylococcus aureus, with only 1 case of fungal infection. This series demonstrated a mortality rate of 31.8%, with 45.5% of cases left with long-term sequelae including persistent pain and cranial nerve deficits.

Conclusions
Four key observations emerged in this series: (1) advanced age and diabetes mellitus are common risk factors for CSBO, (2) limited surgical intervention occurred, (3) microbiological diagnoses relied primarily on superficial sampling, and (4) significant mortality and morbidity was observed. Prospective studies are needed to better understand the optimal approach to the diagnosis and management of CSBO and to improve clinical outcomes.
Association between public health measures and the public’s well-being during the pandemic: a nationwide Japanese study
Authors: Miwa Toshiki , Honda Hitoshi , Takamatsu Akane , Tabuchi Takahiro , Taniguchi Kiyosu , Shibuya Kenji , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The present study aimed to investigate the association between the duration of anti-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health measures and the quality of life (QOL) and mental health of the Japanese public.

Methods
The present, nationwide, questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2021. The cumulative duration in days of anti-COVID-19 public health measures was calculated for each prefecture in the year prior to the survey, and multilevel linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between the duration of these measures and any impairment of QOL or mental health as assessed by the EuroQol 5-dimensions 5-levels (EQ-5D-5L) and the Kessler scale (K6).

Results
The study included 28 118 participants from all 47 prefectures. The median duration of public health measures of all prefectures was 179 days. Long-term duration of the measures (181–365 days) was not independently associated with low EQ-5D-5L (P = 0.128) or high K6 (P = 0.179) scores after adjusting for potential confounders (Graphical Abstract).

Conclusions
Prolongation of the measures may not be associated with a deterioration in the QOL or mental health of the Japanese public. Nevertheless, it may be necessary to reconsider long-term public health measures given the potential they may have to cause collateral damage, such as socioeconomic one.
Does Stakeholder Outrage Determine Executive Pay?
Authors: Balogh Attila , Wright Danika , Zein Jason 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An unprecedented number of firms announced CEO salary reductions at the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. We document that the total compensation for these CEOs did not actually decrease but was instead restructured, leading to a marked increase in opaque components of compensation. These adjustments align with the managerial power view of executive pay setting, whereby heightened stakeholder outrage prompts greater camouflaging of compensation to avoid scrutiny. We further show that this pattern of compensation adjustments predominantly occurred in firms with powerful CEOs, weak institutional investor monitoring, and poorer governance quality.
18Theory on Theory
Authors: Carr Nicholas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Taking its cue from Jonathan Kramnick’s Criticism and Truth, ‘Theory on Theory’ this year examines some of the core practices that mark literary criticism and theory. In Section 1, Kramnick’s work, which focuses on criticism as a distinct writing practice, is reviewed, along with a brief consideration of teaching in the form of Fredric Jameson’s Mimesis, Expression, Construction. Section 2 takes Eric L. Santner’s Untying Things Together as a representative example of various writing practices characteristic of Theory, and considers (following Kramnick) how these practices may affect the sorts of content or truth that theory can claim. In Section 3, Caroline Levine’s The Activist Humanist provides the occasion for considering another characteristic practice, namely the method of homology, and its use in facilitating the sorts of claims that are commonly made for the utility of literary studies. Finally, in Section 4, Christopher Rovee’s New Critical Nostalgia and Robert T. Tally’s The Critical Situation highlight the connection between our understanding of methods or practices and the wider situation of a discipline that often draws on senses of crisis and (implicit) nostalgia for its self-understanding.
The metalloproteinase ADAM10 sheds angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) from the pulmonary endothelium as a soluble, functionally active convertase
Authors: Webers Maria , Yu Yan , Eyll Johanna , Vanderliek‐Kox Julia , Schun Katharina , Michely Anna , Schumertl Tim , Garbers Christoph , Dietrich Jana , Jonigk Danny D. , Krüger Ingo , Kühnel Mark P. , Martin Christian , Ludwig Andreas , Düsterhöft Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a critical role in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance, with angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) being a key transmembrane enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Hence, ACE activity is an important drug target in cardiovascular pathologies such as hypertension. Our study demonstrates that human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) are an important source of proteolytically released ACE. The proteolytic release of transmembrane proteins, a process known as ectodomain shedding, is facilitated by membrane proteases called sheddases. By knockout and inhibition studies, we identified ADAM10 (A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10) as a primary sheddase responsible for ACE release in HEK293 cells. The function of ADAM10 as primary, constitutive sheddase of ACE was confirmed in HPMECs. Moreover, we demonstrated the physiological relevance of ADAM10 for ACE shedding in ex vivo precision cut lung slices (PCLS) from human and mouse lungs. Notably, ADAM17 activity is not directly involved in ACE shedding but indirectly by regulating ACE mRNA and protein levels, leading to increased ADAM10‐mediated ACE shedding. Importantly, soluble ACE generated by shedding is enzymatically active and can thereby participate in systemic RAAS functions. Taken together, our findings highlight the critical role of ADAM10 (directly) and ADAM17 (indirectly) in ACE shedding and RAAS modulation.
Association between Intraoperative Electroencephalogram Burst Suppression and Postoperative Delirium: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Park Sun-Kyung , Han Dong Woo , Chang Chul Ho , Jung Hyunjoo , Kang Hyun , Song Young 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Electroencephalogram burst suppression can be associated with postoperative delirium; however, the results of relevant studies are discrepant. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between intraoperative burst suppression and postoperative delirium in adult surgical patients.

Methods:
PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched and updated in May 2023. The authors included cohort studies, case–control studies, and randomized controlled studies reporting on postoperative delirium incidence with documented intraoperative burst suppression in adults receiving general anesthesia for any surgery. The primary outcome was the pooled odds ratio for postoperative delirium in cases with intraoperative burst suppression compared to those without burst suppression, calculated using a random-effects model. Two independent investigators extracted the data. The protocol was prospectively registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration No. CRD42022326479); the results were reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results:
Fourteen studies (6,435 patients) were included in the analysis. The overall incidence of postoperative delirium was 21.1% (1,358 of 6,435). Patients with intraoperative burst suppression had a higher incidence of postoperative delirium than those without burst suppression (pooled odds ratio, 1.492; 95% CI, 1.022 to 2.178; I2 = 44%; 95% CI, 0 to 75%; τ2 = 0.110). The intraoperative duration of burst suppression was significantly longer in patients who developed postoperative delirium (standardized mean difference, 0.462; 95% CI, 0.293 to 0.632; I2 = 63%; 95% CI, 16 to 84%; τ2 = 0.027). The burst suppression ratio was significantly higher in the delirium group (standardized mean difference, 0.150; 95% CI, 0.055 to 0.245; I2 = 0%; 95% CI, 0 to 85%; τ2 = 0.00).

Conclusions:
The meta-analysis suggests an association between intraoperative burst suppression and postoperative delirium; however, the quality of evidence was very low. The limited number of studies and substantial heterogeneity across them emphasize the need for further high-quality studies to establish a more robust conclusion.
Associations of seasonally available global positioning systems-derived walkability and objectively measured sleep in the Nurses’ Health Study 3 Mobile Health Substudy
Authors: Hu Cindy R. , Wilt Grete E. , Roscoe Charlotte , Iyer Hari S. , Kessler William H. , Laden Francine , Chavarro Jorge E. , Coull Brent , Redline Susan , James Peter , Hart Jaime E. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Sleep is influenced by the environments that we experience while awake and while asleep. Neighborhood walkability has been linked with chronic disease and lifestyle factors, such as physical activity; however, evidence for the association between walkability and sleep is mixed. Extant studies assign walkability based on residential addresses, which does not account for mobility. We examined the association between walkability and sleep in the Nurses’ Health Study 3 (NHS3) Mobile Health Substudy (MHS).

Methods:
From 2018 to 2020, individuals in the United States-based NHS3 prospective cohort participated in the MHS, in which minute-level global positioning systems (GPS) data and objective sleep duration and efficiency measures were collected via a custom smartphone application and Fitbit, respectively, for four 7-day periods across a year to capture seasonal variability. Census tract walkability was calculated by summing z-scores of population density (2015–2019 American Community Survey), business density (2018 Infogroup), and intersection density (2018 TIGER/Line road shapefiles). We ran generalized additive mixed models with penalized splines to estimate the association between walkability and sleep, adjusting for individual-level covariates as well as GPS-based exposure to environmental and contextual factors.

Results:
The average main sleep period duration was 7.9 hours and the mean sleep efficiency was 93%. For both sleep duration and sleep efficiency, we did not observe an association with daily average walkability exposure.

Conclusion:
In this study of women across the United States, we found that daily GPS-based neighborhood walkability exposure during wake time was not associated with objective wearable-derived sleep duration or sleep efficiency.
Comparative Analysis of Anticoagulation Versus Combination Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Presenting With Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Dakroub Ali , Beaini Hadi , Kibbi Ramzi , Moumneh Mohamad B. , Halablab Saleem M. , Dankar Razan , Adra Nour , Rizk Chantal , Barada Kassem , Refaat Marwan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) taking antithrombotic (AT) therapy are at an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). The comparative effect of a combination of anticoagulant (AC) and antiplatelet (AP) versus AC monotherapy on clinical outcomes in patients with AF presenting with GIB is not well characterized. This study compares outcomes in AF patients with GIB on AC alone with those on combination AP and AC therapy, as part of a larger prospective study from 2013 to 2023. One hundred and thirty-seven patients diagnosed with AF who presented with overt GIB were evaluated during their hospitalization, at 1 month and 1 year postdischarge and then annually. The median follow-up of patients was 57 months. Patients in the combination AP + AC therapy group had a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and coronary/vascular stent placement compared with the AC monotherapy group. No statistically significant differences were noted between the 2 groups in terms of end-of-follow-up mortality, in-hospital mortality, major bleeding, rebleeding, and length of hospital stay. Cox regression analysis revealed chronic kidney disease [hazard ratio (HR) 2.05, 95% confidence interval (1.04–4.05) (P = 0.038)] and warfarin use [HR 4.94, 95% confidence interval (1.11–22.09) (P = 0.037)] to be independent predictors of mortality at 12 months. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with AF who experience GIB should be mainly directed by their cardiovascular needs. Health care providers may explore non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants as alternatives to warfarin for AF patients at risk of GIB, and efforts must be maximized to prevent bleeding in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Ablation options for sub-epicardially located ventricular substrates responsible for ventricular tachycardia: where is it all headed?
Authors: Sperling Jason S. , Santangeli Pasquale 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Patients with nonischemic and ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM and ICM) exhibit re-entrant tachycardias related to scar tissue in subepicardial, in addition to typical subendocardial locations. Control of ventricular arrhythmias related to these targets has remained elusive despite advances in mapping and ablation technology.

Recent findings
Percutaneous epicardial ablation is the standard after failed endocardial ventricular ablation, but recurrence rates are disappointing. Pulsed-field energy has been associated with coronary artery spasm and therefore may be less suitable for epicardial ablation. Commercially available energy sources, including pulsed-field, have limited depths of myocardial penetration when applied epicardially. Lateral volumetric thermal spreading of ablation injury is associated with decreasing depth of ablation and is difficult to control. A new cryoablation technology based on liquid helium and developed specifically for epicardial work may be able to overcome these limitations.

Summary
Ablation strategies that can improve lesion formation in subepicardial ventricular myocardium may improve outcomes of ablation in nonsubendocardial NICM and ICM targets.
Beyond the Agatston calcium score: role of calcium density and other calcified plaque markers for cardiovascular disease prediction
Authors: Razavi Alexander C. , Whelton Seamus P. , Blumenthal Roger S. , Blaha Michael J. , Dzaye Omar 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
To review the current evidence and highlight future strategies regarding consideration of coronary artery calcium (CAC) density in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratification.

Recent findings
Expressed as the product of plaque area and a peak calcium density weighting factor, the Agatston method is the gold-standard for measuring CAC on noncontrast cardiac computed tomography. Over the last decade, observational data have suggested that calcium density is inversely associated with CVD events and confers additional prognostic information independent of traditional risk factors and Agatston CAC scores. Specific density measures have been assessed including peak calcium density, mean CAC density, and CAC area-density discordance. Beyond calcium density, the number of affected arteries and regional distribution of CAC which may be correlated with CAC density have also improved the predictive utility of the Agatston score.

Summary
Calcium density is inversely associated with CVD risk after considering plaque area and/or volume. Calcium markers including density, vessel involvement, and regional distribution confer additional prognostic information for the prediction of incident CVD among those with prevalent subclinical atherosclerosis. A future area of study includes calcium radiomics (’calcium-omics’) and whether the artificial intelligence-derived automated measurement of calcium markers beyond the Agatston score may be of value in CVD risk stratification among individuals with early to advanced subclinical atherosclerosis.
Application of Subretinal Balanced Salt Solution Injection: A Novel technique in treating Severe idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane
Authors: Luan Rong , Liu Boshi , Cai Bincui , Gong Yi , Li Xiaorong 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
To describe a novel surgical approach for treating patients diagnosed with severe idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERM) featuring ectopic intrafoveal layers (EIFL).

Method:
A retrospective, interventional case series was conducted involving eight cases of iERM with EIFL. The technique involved a 27-gauge vitrectomy, removal of all vitreous adhesions, and injection of approximately 100μl sub-retinal balanced salt solution (BSS) using a 41-gauge subretinal needle, creating 3-4 localized bleb-like elevations around the folded retina to loosen it.

Results:
Vision improved significantly from a preoperative mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) LogMAR of 0.72 (20/105) to 0.46 (20/58) at 1 week, 0.29 (20/40) (P = 0.016) at 1 month, and 0.28 (20/38) (P = 0.031) at the last follow-up. Central macular thickness (CMT) improved from a preoperative mean of 567.5 µm to 395.5 µm (P < 0.001) at 1 week, 377.38 µm (P < 0.001) at 1 month, and 381.50 µm (P < 0.001) at the last follow-up. No significant complications were observed.

Conclusion:
The novel technique combining vitrectomy with subretinal BSS injection has demonstrated significant visual and anatomical efficacy in treating severe iERM. This approach can rapidly enhance BCVA and downgrad the EIFL Stage. Both anatomical and functional success can be achieved in this small series.
Corneal hypersensitivity to cold stimuli in symptomatic computer users
Authors: Talens-Estarelles Cristian , Golebiowski Blanka , Ehrmann Klaus , García-Lázaro Santiago , Cerviño Alejandro , Stapleton Fiona 
Published: October 2024

SIGNIFICANCE
Prolonged computer use may result in repeated stimulation of the ocular surface due to ocular dryness, potentially leading to alterations in its sensitivity.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ocular symptoms and corneal sensitivity to cold and mechanical stimuli in computer users.

METHODS
Fifty-two young (31 ± 6 years), frequent computer users, including symptomatic and asymptomatic users, participated in this study. Mechanical and cold sensation thresholds were determined at the central cornea of one randomly selected eye of each participant using the UNSW Liquid Jet Aesthesiometer. Ocular surface symptoms and digital eye strain were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index, Ocular Comfort Index, Instant Ocular Symptom Survey, and Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). Associations between central corneal sensation thresholds and demographic variables, patterns of digital device use, and symptom scores were analyzed using Pearson (r) or Spearman (ρ) correlations and linear regression models.

RESULTS
Age (ρ = 0.24), CVS-Q score (ρ = −0.33), CVS-Q dry eye score (ρ = −0.28), and mechanical sensation threshold (ρ = 0.63) were significantly associated with cold sensation threshold (p≤0.04). Conversely, there were no significant relationships with Ocular Surface Disease Index, Ocular Comfort Index, or Instant Ocular Symptom Survey or with other demographic variables (p≥0.34). In multiple linear regression models, age and mechanical sensation threshold were significant predictors of cold sensitivity (p=0.04 and p<0.001, respectively) (adjusted R
2 = 0.459). There were no significant correlations between mechanical sensitivity and symptom scores (p≥0.09).

CONCLUSIONS
Symptoms of digital eye strain, particularly those related to dry eye, were associated with higher corneal cold sensitivity. Corneal hypersensitivity to cold stimuli as a marker of ocular discomfort during computer use requires further investigation.