bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative 13C‐isotope labelling‐based analysis to elucidate the influence of environmental parameters on the production of fermentative aromas during wine fermentation
Authors: Rollero Stéphanie , Mouret Jean‐Roch , Bloem Audrey , Sanchez Isabelle , Ortiz‐Julien Anne , Sablayrolles Jean‐Marie , Dequin Sylvie , Camarasa Carole 
Published: July 2017

SummaryNitrogen and lipids are key nutrients of grape must that influence the production of fermentative aromas by wine yeast, and we have previously shown that a strong interaction exists between these two nutrients. However, more than 90% of the acids and higher alcohols (and their acetate ester derivatives) were derived from intermediates produced by the carbon central metabolism (CCM). The objective of this study was to determine how variations in nitrogen and lipid resources can modulate the contribution of nitrogen and carbon metabolisms for the production of fermentative aromas. A quantitative analysis of metabolism using 13C‐labelled leucine and valine showed that nitrogen availability affected the part of the catabolism of N‐containing compounds, the formation of α‐ketoacids from CCM and the redistribution of fluxes around these precursors, explaining the optimum production of higher alcohols occurring at an intermediate nitrogen content. Moreover, nitrogen content modulated the total production of acids and higher alcohols differently, through variations in the redox state of cells. We also demonstrated that the phytosterol content, modifying the intracellular availability of acetyl‐CoA, can influence the flux distribution, especially the formation of higher alcohols and the conversion of α‐ketoisovalerate to α‐ketoisocaproate.
Unravelling biocomplexity of electroactive biofilms for producing hydrogen from biomass
Authors: Lewis Alex J. , Campa Maria F. , Hazen Terry C. , Borole Abhijeet P. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryLeveraging nature's biocomplexity for solving human problems requires better understanding of the syntrophic relationships in engineered microbiomes developed in bioreactor systems. Understanding the interactions between microbial players within the community will be key to enhancing conversion and production rates from biomass streams. Here we investigate a bioelectrochemical system employing an enriched microbial consortium for conversion of a switchgrass‐derived bio‐oil aqueous phase (BOAP) into hydrogen via microbial electrolysis (MEC). MECs offer the potential to produce hydrogen in an integrated fashion in biorefinery platforms and as a means of energy storage through decentralized production to supply hydrogen to fuelling stations, as the world strives to move towards cleaner fuels and electricity‐mediated transportation. A unique approach combining differential substrate and redox conditions revealed efficient but rate‐limiting fermentation of the compounds within BOAP by the anode microbial community through a division of labour strategy combined with multiple levels of syntrophy. Despite the fermentation limitation, the adapted abilities of the microbial community resulted in a high hydrogen productivity of 9.35 L per L‐day. Using pure acetic acid as the substrate instead of the biomass‐derived stream resulted in a three‐fold improvement in productivity. This high rate of exoelectrogenesis signifies the potential commercial feasibility of MEC technology for integration in biorefineries.
Sustainable therapies by engineered bacteria
Authors: Álvarez Beatriz , Fernández Luis Ángel 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe controlled in situ delivery of biologics (e.g. enzymes, cytokines, antibodies) by engineered bacteria of our microbiome will allow the sustainable production of these complex and expensive drugs locally in the human body, overcoming many of the technical and economical barriers currently associated with the global use of these potent medicines. We provide examples showing how engineered bacteria can be effective treatments against multiple pathologies, including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, diabetes, obesity, infectious diseases and cancer, hence contributing to achieve the Global Sustainable Goal 3: ensure healthy lives and promote well‐being for all at all ages.
The role of diffusion‐weighted imaging in prediction liver iron concentration in beta‐thalassaemia patients
Authors: Akpinar Suha , Yilmaz Guliz , Bulakbasi Nail , Kocaoglu Murat 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyse the value of diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) to determine the liver parenchyma iron concentration in β‐thalassaemia major patients.MethodsAbdominal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, including gradient echo sequences and DWI sequences, was undertaken of 55 β‐thalassaemia major patients. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of liver parenchyma were measured in seven regions at the level of the portal bifurcation and compared with liver iron concentration (LIC). Patients with normal and mild liver dry weight (LDW) results were classified as group 1, whereas patients with moderate and severe values were classified as group 2.ResultsThere was a dramatic decrease in ADC values as the severity of LIC increased. The median ADC values were 1.6–1.9 × 10−3 mm2/sec in group 1 and 0.6–0.9 × 10−3 mm2/sec in group 2. A negative correlation was observed between ADC and the LDW values in both groups. The ADC and LIC correlation in each subgroup was statistically significant with asymptotic 95% confidence intervals of 0.820–0.997.ConclusionDiffusion‐weighted imaging is sensitive to tissue changes as a result of iron accumulation and may be used to predict liver iron overload in β‐thalassaemia major patients with a high sensitivity and specificity.
patternize: An R package for quantifying colour pattern variation
Authors: Van Belleghem Steven M. , Papa Riccardo , Ortiz‐Zuazaga Humberto , Hendrickx Frederik , Jiggins Chris D. , Owen McMillan W. , Counterman Brian A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe use of image data to quantify, study and compare variation in the colours and patterns of organisms requires the alignment of images to establish homology, followed by colour‐based segmentation of images. Here, we describe anRpackage for image alignment and segmentation that has applications to quantify colour patterns in a wide range of organisms.patternizeis anRpackage that quantifies variation in colour patterns obtained from image data.patternizefirst defines homology between pattern positions across specimens either through manually placed homologous landmarks or automated image registration. Pattern identification is performed by categorizing the distribution of colours using an RGB threshold,k‐means clustering or watershed transformation.We demonstrate thatpatternizecan be used for quantification of the colour patterns in a variety of organisms by analysing image data for butterflies, guppies, spiders and salamanders. Image data can be compared between sets of specimens, visualized as heatmaps and analysed using principal component analysis.patternizehas potential applications for fine scale quantification of colour pattern phenotypes in population comparisons, genetic association studies and investigating the basis of colour pattern variation across a wide range of organisms.
Preliminary surveys of the endangered Lord Howe Island cockroach Panesthia lata (Blattodea: Blaberidae) on two islands within the Lord Howe Group, Australia
Authors: Carlile Nicholas , Priddel David , O'Dwyer Terence 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLittle is known of the Endangered Lord Howe Island Cockroach Panesthia lata Walker, , other than that it disappeared from Lord Howe Island following the introduction of ship rats Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) in 1918. With a rodent‐eradication programme being planned for Lord Howe Island, an opportunity exists to reintroduce P. lata once rodents have been removed. Previous brief surveys of other islands within the Lord Howe Group have found that P. lata still occurs on some of these islands. In this study, further surveys were conducted on two of those islands (Blackburn and Roach) to gain a better understanding of the distribution and abundance of P. lata there and to investigate potential survey techniques. Brief observations were also made of the behaviour and ecology of the species. Extrapolation from survey plots showed that although 60% of the estimated population of 10 000 individuals on Blackburn Island were living beneath the sole Banyan Ficus macrophylla Desf. tree, P. lata was widely distributed across the island, utilising both native and exotic vegetation, including the introduced Rhodes Grass Chloris gayana Kunth. On Roach Island, the bulk of the estimated population of 3500 individuals occurred within Leafy Flat Sedge Cyperus lucidus R. Br. habitat. Panesthia lata seemingly spends considerable time sheltering within refuges rather than foraging on the surface; consequently, population estimates based on surface counts are underestimates. Improving either the accuracy or precision of these counts risks damaging individuals and their habitat. Mark‐recapture techniques were not applicable for assessing the abundance of this species, but trials of novel attraction stations indicated that such devices could be useful for monitoring distribution and gross fluctuations in population size. Panesthia lata appears to feed on any dead vegetation, but primarily leaves. Individuals were relatively sedentary overnight, sheltering by day under any object that provided the appropriate microenvironment. Soil characteristics in areas where P. lata sheltered were significantly modified, suggesting that this species may play an important role in soil conditioning and nutrient cycling. Maintaining the rodent‐free status of islands on which P. lata occurs is a high priority for this species.
4 Community Labor and Laboring Communities within the Tiwanaku State (C.E. 500–1100)
Authors: Becker Sara K. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how work was managed and who participated in state‐level societies can help elucidate daily activities as well as community development within an emerging complex society. Tiwanaku, with multiethnic neighborhoods in the Titicaca Basin, Bolivia and colonies near present‐day Moquegua, Peru, provides a comparison of labor between groups. Specific skeletal evidence of activity (i.e., musculoskeletal stress markers and osteoarthritis) was evaluated to infer how habitual activity varied within this state. Labor rates show that laborers did not work at the behest of elites and results suggest instead, that people worked as reciprocal laborers in a guild‐like system.
7 Living Among the Dead: Establishing and Maintaining Community in Northern Albania
Authors: Deskaj Sylvia 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTWhile bioarchaeology and mortuary analysis are inextricably woven into the study of past populations, modern communities provide valuable insight into the complex relationships between past and present. Population movements, both past and present, affect community dynamics and can be traced through careful, diachronic study of regional mortuary monuments and practices. The northern Albanian province of Shkodër is an ideal testing ground for examining social changes accompanying the regional movement of both people and things. I contend that Bronze Age and modern communities have used mortuary monuments, mounds, and cemeteries, similarly, to encourage and discourage social contextual interaction.
Biodiversity as a solution to mitigate climate change impacts on the functioning of forest ecosystems
Authors: Hisano Masumi , Searle Eric B. , Chen Han Y. H. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTForest ecosystems are critical to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions through carbon sequestration. However, climate change has affected forest ecosystem functioning in both negative and positive ways, and has led to shifts in species/functional diversity and losses in plant species diversity which may impair the positive effects of diversity on ecosystem functioning. Biodiversity may mitigate climate change impacts on (I) biodiversity itself, as more‐diverse systems could be more resilient to climate change impacts, and (II) ecosystem functioning through the positive relationship between diversity and ecosystem functioning. By surveying the literature, we examined how climate change has affected forest ecosystem functioning and plant diversity. Based on the biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning (B→EF), we specifically address the potential for biodiversity to mitigate climate change impacts on forest ecosystem functioning. For this purpose, we formulate a concept whereby biodiversity may reduce the negative impacts or enhance the positive impacts of climate change on ecosystem functioning. Further B→EF studies on climate change in natural forests are encouraged to elucidate how biodiversity might influence ecosystem functioning. This may be achieved through the detailed scrutiny of large spatial/long temporal scale data sets, such as long‐term forest inventories. Forest management strategies based on B→EF have strong potential for augmenting the effectiveness of the roles of forests in the mitigation of climate change impacts on ecosystem functioning.
In vitro activity of the interaction between taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) and pyrimethamine against Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Abugri Daniel A. , Witola William H. , Russell Albert E. , Troy Roberta M. 
Published: July 2017

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most neglected zoonotic foodborne parasitic diseases that cause public health and socioeconomic concern worldwide. The current drugs used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis have been identified to have clinical limitations. Hence, new drugs are urgently needed to eradicate T.gondii infections globally. Here, an in vitro anti‐Toxoplasma gondii activity of taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) and dihydrofolate inhibitor (pyrimethamine) alone and in combination with a fixed concentration of pyrimethamine were investigated against the rapidly proliferating T.gondii RH strain at 48 hr using colorimetric assay. Pyrimethamine showed the highest anti‐T. gondii activity with IC50P of 0.84 μg/ml (p > .05), respectively. The combination of pyrimethamine with dihydroquercetin gave a significant inhibitory activity against tachyzoites in in vitro with IC50p of 1.39 μg/ml (p < .05). The IC50p ranges obtained for the individual and the combination of taxifolin with pyrimethamine inhibition of parasite growth were not cytotoxic to the infected HFF and Hek‐293 cell lines used. These compounds combination should be investigated further using in vivo model of toxoplasmosis.
Patient‐reported signs of dampness at home may be a risk factor for chronic rhinosinusitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ahlroth Pind C. , Gunnbjörnsdottír M. , Bjerg A. , Järvholm B. , Lundbäck B. , Malinovschi A. , Middelveld R. , Sommar J. Nilsson , Norbäck D. , Janson C. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundAn association between dampness at home and respiratory conditions has been convincingly demonstrated in children. Fewer studies have been performed in adults, and data are lacking for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). With a prevalence of 10.9% in Europe, CRS imposes a significant burden on quality of life, as well as economy.ObjectiveOur aim was to study CRS and other respiratory conditions in relation to dampness at home in a representative sample of adults.MethodsThe Swedish GA2LEN questionnaire was answered by 26 577 adults (16‐75 years) and included questions on respiratory symptoms, smoking, education and environmental exposure. CRS was defined according to the EP3OS criteria. Dampness was defined as reporting water damage, floor dampness or visible moulds in the home during the last 12 months. The dampness score was ranked from 0 to 3, counting the number of signs of dampness reported.ResultsDampness at home was reported by 11.3% and was independently related to respiratory conditions after adjustment for demographic and socio‐economic factors and smoking: CRS odds ratio (OR) 1.71; allergic rhinitis OR 1.24; current asthma OR 1.21; wheeze OR 1.37; nocturnal dyspnoea OR 1.80; nocturnal coughing OR 1.34; and chronic bronchitis OR 1.64. The risk of CRS and most of the other respiratory conditions was further elevated in subjects reporting multiple signs of dampness.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis study demonstrated an independent association between dampness at home and CRS in adults. The high burden of this and the other respiratory conditions studied is a strong argument in favour of countering indoor dampness by improving building standards.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and cerebral metabolic abnormalities in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy subtypes: Evidence from proton MR spectroscopy and muscle biopsy
Authors: Niu Feng‐Nan , Meng Hai‐Lan , Chang Lei‐Lei , Wu Hong‐Yan , Li Wei‐Ping , Liu Ren‐Yuan , Wang Hui‐Ting , Zhang Bing , Xu Yun 
Published: July 2017

SummaryAimsAccumulated evidence indicates that cerebral metabolic features, evaluated by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS), are sensitive to early mitochondrion dysfunction associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (ME). The metabolite ratios of lactate (lac)/Cr, N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), total choline (tCho)/Cr, and myoinositol (mI)/Cr are measured in the infarct‐like lesions by 1H‐MRS and may reveal metabolic changes associated with ME. However, the application of this molecular imaging technique in the investigation of the pathology of ME subtypes is unknown.MethodsIn this study, cerebral metabolic features of pathologically diagnosed ME cases, that is, 19 mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS); nine chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO); and 23 healthy controls, were investigated using 1H‐MRS. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic power of the cerebral metabolites. Histochemical evaluation was carried out on muscle tissues derived from biopsy to assess the abnormal mitochondrial proliferation. The association between cerebral metabolic and mitochondrial cytopathy was examined by correlation analysis.ResultsPatients with MELAS or CPEO exhibited a significantly higher Lac/Cr ratio and a lower NAA/Cr ratio compared with controls. The ROC curve of Lac/Cr ratio indicated prominent discrimination between MELAS or CPEO and healthy control subjects, whereas the NAA/Cr ratio may present diagnostic power in the distinction of MELAS from CPEO. Lower NAA/Cr ratio was associated with higher Lac/Cr in MELAS, but not in CPEO. Furthermore, higher ragged‐red fibers (RRFs) percentages were associated with elevated Lac/Cr and reduced NAA/Cr ratios, notably in MELAS. This association was not noted in the case of mI/Cr ratio.ConclusionsMitochondrial cytopathy (lactic acidosis and RRFs on muscle biopsy) was associated with neuronal viability but not glial proliferation, notably in MELAS. Mitochondrial neuronopathy and neuronal vulnerability are considered significant causes in the pathogenesis of MELAS, particularly with regard to stroke‐like episodes.
Exploring the evidence base for Tier 3 weight management interventions for adults: a systematic review
Authors: Brown T. J. , O'Malley C. , Blackshaw J. , Coulton V. , Tedstone A. , Summerbell C. , Ells L. J. 
Published: July 2017

SummarySpecialist weight management services provide a treatment option for severe obesity. The objective of the study is to review the characteristics, impact and practice implications of specialist weight management services for adults in the UK. Systematic review: EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched from January 2005 to March 2016 with supplementary searches. Adults with a body mass index of ≥40 kg m−2, or ≥35 kg m−2 with comorbidity or ≥30 kg m−2 with type 2 diabetes and any study of multicomponent interventions, in any UK or Ireland setting, delivered by a specialist multidisciplinary team are the inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies in a variety of settings were included: 1 randomized controlled trial, 3 controlled and 10 observational studies. Mean baseline body mass index and age ranged from 40 to 54 kg m−2 and from 40 to 58 years. The studies were heterogeneous making comparisons of service characteristics difficult. Multidisciplinary team composition and eligibility criteria varied; dropout rates were high (43–62%). Statistically significant reduction in mean body mass index over time ranged from −1.4 to −3.1 kg m−2 and mean weight changes ranged from −2.2 to −12.4 kg. Completers achieving at least 5% reduction of initial body weight ranged from 32 to 51%. There was evidence for improved outcomes in diabetics. Specialist weight management services can demonstrate clinically significant weight loss and have an important role in supporting adults to manage severe and often complex forms of obesity. This review highlights important variations in provision and strongly indicates the need for further research into effective approaches to support severely obese adults.
Comparison of conventional cytology and SurePath in split thyroid fine needle aspiration materials
Authors: Sahin D. , Yilmazbayhan D. , Firat P. , Hacisalihoglu U. P. , Kirimlioglu S. H. , Celenk E. , Arslan R. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to compare the cytomorphological features and cytopathological diagnoses in thyroid aspiration materials prepared by SurePath® (SP) and conventional cytology (CC).Materials and methodsFine needle aspiration (FNA) materials from 180 thyroid nodules were divided into two groups to prepare three conventional smears and one SP slide. Twenty‐nine cytomorphological features of thyroid lesions were compared in the CC and SP slides. The Kappa coefficiency was determined for each. The cytopathological diagnosis of CC and SP were compared.ResultsThe feature with the lowest Kappa coefficient was the haemorrhagic background, whereas nuclear molding had the highest Kappa coefficient. The rates of the atypical and suspicious cytopathological diagnostic categories were decreased, whereas the rates of benign and malignant categories were increased in SP. When the cytopathological diagnoses of CC and SP were compared with the histopathological diagnoses of the 31 thyroidectomy materials, the results were similar.ConclusionThe common problems seen in CC, such as an excessive number of slides, a haemorrhagic background and air drying artefact in the SP method were not encountered. Through these advantages, the rate of the indeterminate cytopathological diagnosis was low in SP. In addition to those advantages, the increased rates of non‐diagnostic cases, the difficulty in evaluating the cytomorphologic features owing to tridimensional structures and the smaller size of the cells and the presence of tridimensional structures uninterpreted microscopically were the disadvantages of SP. The present results showed that SP could be used instead of CC in thyroid cytopathology.