bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidation von organischen Substraten mit einem redoxaktiven Guanidinkatalysator
Authors: Wild Ute , Schön Florian , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHier wird über die ersten Beispiele für die Verwendung von redoxaktiven Guanidinen als Katalysatoren bei der grünen Oxidation von organischen Substraten mit Sauerstoff berichtet. In einer Halbreaktion wird die oxidierte Form des redoxaktiven Guanidins in die reduzierte, protonierte Form umgewandelt, wodurch eine oxidative Dehydrierung des Substrats (3,5‐Di‐tert‐butylcatechol→o‐Benzochinon, Benzoin→Benzil und 2,4‐Di‐tert‐butylphenol→Biphenol) stattfindet. In der anderen Halbreaktion wird eine effiziente Reoxidation des Guanidins in den oxidierten Zustand mit molekularem Sauerstoff in Gegenwart eines Kupfercokatalysators erreicht. Die Ergebnisse ebnen den Weg für eine breitere Verwendung von redoxaktiven Guanidinen als Oxidationskatalysatoren.
IrIII‐based Octahedral Metalloligands Derived Primitive Cubic Frameworks for Enhanced CO2/N2 Separation
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Li , Liu Naifang , Ling Yun , Luo He‐Kuan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe developed a metalloligand strategy to construct porous frameworks, viz. the combined use of IrIII‐based octahedral metalloligands and the linear unit [Ni(cyclam)] easily afforded two isostructural complexes 1 and 2 with primitive cubic frameworks. Both complexes show good CO2/N2 separation property.
Significance of aerosol radiative effect in energy balance control on global precipitation change
Authors: Suzuki Kentaroh , Stephens Graeme L. , Golaz Jean‐Christophe 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHistorical changes of global precipitation in the 20th century simulated by a climate model are investigated. The results simulated with alternate configurations of cloud microphysics are analyzed in the context of energy balance controls on global precipitation, where the latent heat changes associated with the precipitation change is nearly balanced with changes to atmospheric radiative cooling. The atmospheric radiative cooling is dominated by its clear‐sky component, which is found to correlate with changes to both column water vapor and aerosol optical depth (AOD). The water vapor‐dependent component of the clear‐sky radiative cooling is then found to scale with global temperature change through the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship. This component results in a tendency of global precipitation increase with increasing temperature at a rate of approximately 2%K−1. Another component of the clear‐sky radiative cooling, which is well correlated with changes to AOD, is also found to vary in magnitude among different scenarios with alternate configurations of cloud microphysics that controls the precipitation efficiency, a major factor influencing the aerosol scavenging process that can lead to different aerosol loadings. These results propose how different characteristics of cloud microphysics can cause different aerosol loadings that in turn perturb global energy balance to significantly change global precipitation. This implies a possible coupling of aerosol–cloud interaction with aerosol–radiation interaction in the context of global energy balance.
Analogous seasonal evolution of the South Atlantic SST dipole indices
Authors: Nnamchi Hyacinth C. , Kucharski Fred , Keenlyside Noel S. , Farneti Riccardo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTwo variants of sea‐surface temperature (SST) dipole indices for the South Atlantic Ocean (SAO) has been previously described representing: (1) the South Atlantic subtropical dipole (SASD) supposedly peaking in austral summer and (2) the SAO dipole (SAOD) in winter. In this study, we present the analysis of observational data sets (1985–2014) showing the SASD and SAOD as largely constituting the same mode of ocean–atmosphere interaction reminiscent of the SAOD structure peaking in winter. Indeed, winter is the only season in which the inverse correlation between the northern and southern poles of both indices is statistically significant. The observed SASD and SAOD indices exhibit robust correlations (P ≤ 0.001) in all seasons and these are reproduced by 54 of the 63 different models of the Coupled Models Intercomparison Project analysed. Their robust correlations notwithstanding the SASD and SAOD indices appear to better capture different aspects of SAO climate variability and teleconnections.
Nitrogen‐doped carbon dots as a fluorescent probe for the highly sensitive detection of Ag+ and cell imaging
Authors: Li Junjian , Zuo Gancheng , Pan Xihao , Wei Wei , Qi Xiaoliang , Su Ting , Dong Wei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn easy hydrothermal synthesis strategy was applied to synthesize green‐yellow emitting nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) using 1,2‐diaminobenzene as the carbon source, and dicyandiamide as the dopant. The nitrogen‐doped CDs resulted in improvement in the electronic characteristics and surface chemical activities. N‐CDs exhibited bright fluorescence emission and could response to Ag+ selectively and sensitively. Other ions produced nearly no interference. A N‐CDs based fluorescent probe was then applied to sensitively determine Ag+ with a detection limit of 5 × 10−8 mol/L. The method was applied to the determination of Ag+ dissolved in water. Finally, negligibly cytotoxic, excellently biocompatibile, and highly fluorescent carbon dots were applied for HepG2 cell imaging and the quenched fluorescence by adding Ag+, which indicated its potential applications.
Spheroids Formation on Non‐Adhesive Surfaces by Liquid Overlay Technique: Considerations and Practical Approaches
Authors: Costa Elisabete C. , de Melo‐Diogo Duarte , Moreira André F. , Carvalho Marco P. , Correia Ilídio J. 
Published: October 2017

Scalable and reproducible production of 3D cellular spheroids is highly demanded, by pharmaceutical companies, for drug screening purposes during the pre‐clinical evaluation phase. These 3D cellular constructs, unlike the monolayer culture of cells, can mimic different features of human tissues, including cellular organization, cell–cell and cell‐extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Up to now, different techniques (scaffold‐based and ‐free) have been used for spheroids formation, being the Liquid Overlay Technique (LOT) one of the most explored methodologies, due to its low cost and easy handling. Additionally, during the last few decades, this technique has been widely investigated in order to enhance its potential for being applied in high‐throughput analysis. Herein, an overview of the LOT advances, practical approaches, and troubleshooting is provided for those researchers that intend to produce spheroids using LOT, for drug screening purposes. Moreover, the advantages of the LOT over the other scaffold‐free techniques used for the spheroids formation are also addressed.Highlights• 2D cell culture drawbacks are summarized;• spheroids mimic the features of human tissues;• scaffold‐based and scaffold‐free technologies for spheroids production are discussed;• advantages of LOT over other scaffold‐free techniques are highlighted;• LOT advances, practical approaches and troubleshooting are underlined.
Synthetische Biologie
Authors: Becker Anke , Erb Tobias J. , Fritz Georg , Kellmann Jan‐W. , Sourjik Victor , Waldminghaus Torsten 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDas Ausstatten und Erzeugen von Zellen mit neuen Eigenschaften im „Baukastenverfahren“ stellt einen komplett neuen Ansatz in der Biologie dar, der sich von den bisherigen analytisch‐deskriptiven Methoden stark unterscheidet. Durch die Synthetische Biologie werden die Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler zu Designern von Lebensprozessen, einzelnen Molekülen und ganzen Zellen. Dabei ist der Begriff „synthetisch“ dehnbar und vielfältig: Das Einbringen eines am DNA‐Synthesizer künstlich hergestellten Erbmoleküls wird ebenso wie eine am Reißbrett vorab modellierte und nachfolgend künstlich im Labor erzeugte Enzymreaktion, die beispielsweise der Biosynthese neuartiger Wirkstoffe und Materialien dienen kann, als Synthetische Biologie bezeichnet. Die Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler des Marburger LOEWE‐Zentrums für Synthetische Mikrobiologie (www.synmikro.com) widmen sich verschiedenen Forschungsansätzen, deren Schwerpunkte im Bereich der Mikroben und Mikroorganismen liegen.
Zur Biologie der Relationen
Authors: Haszprunar Gerhard 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Größe von Organismen ist ein vielschichtiges Phänomen, welches bei allen biologischen Überlegungen zu funktionellen Fragen nicht ignoriert werden sollte, sei es nun bezüglich des Organismus selbst (Funktionsmorphologie, Physiologie, Reproduktionsbiologie), seiner Umwelt (Autökologie) oder aber zum Verständnis der Evolution.
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Klaproth‐Förster Silke 
Published: October 2017

Im GesprächArbeitskreiseFotowettbewerbWissenschaft & GesellschaftAccess and Benefit Sharing (ABS)LandesverbändeBerlin‐BrandenburgVeranstaltungen
Occurrence of overt seizures in comatose survivor patients treated with targeted temperature
Authors: Eilam Anda , Samogalskyi Volodymyr , Bregman Gennady , Eliner‐Avishai Sarit , Gilad Ronit 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundUnconscious patients after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest have a high risk of death. Therapeutic hypothermia is recommended by international resuscitation guidelines in order to attenuate secondary destructive physiological processes such as reperfusion injury, apoptosis, and cerebral edema. The target temperature to reach ranges between 32 and 34°C for at least 24 hr. Hypothermia can induce metabolic disturbances. There are some reports in the literature indicating the presence of seizures during targeted temperature management. On the other hand, postanoxic seizures are a sign of unfavorable neurological outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of overt seizures in comatose survivor patients treated with targeted temperature in respect to overt seizures in a normal temperature group of comatose patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of unconscious adults post cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hospitalized in the intensive care unit during the years 2008–2015. The patients were divided into two groups: those treated with hypothermia and those with normal body temperature. Both groups were evaluated for the appearance of overt seizures during their hospitalization which was the primary outcome of the study.ResultsThe data of 88 consecutive unconscious patients after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest were collected. Twenty‐six patients were treated with targeted temperature (32–34°C) and 62 patients with normal temperature. In the hypothermic group, 6 (23%) patients developed overt seizures during hospitalization compared to 11 (17%) in the normothermic group. The mortality rate was similar in both groups, 16 (61%) in the hypothermic group and 38 (61%) in the conservative group. According to the present study, overt seizures were more common in the group treated with hypothermia.
ATP2C2andDYX1C1are putative modulators of dyslexia‐related MMR
Authors: Müller Bent , Schaadt Gesa , Boltze Johannes , Emmrich Frank ,   LEGASCREEN Consortium, Skeide Michael A. , Neef Nicole E. , Kraft Indra , Brauer Jens , Friederici Angela D. , Kirsten Holger , Wilcke Arndt 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundDyslexia is a specific learning disorder affecting reading and spelling abilities. Its prevalence is ~5% in German‐speaking individuals. Although the etiology of dyslexia largely remains to be determined, comprehensive evidence supports deficient phonological processing as a major contributing factor. An important prerequisite for phonological processing is auditory discrimination and, thus, essential for acquiring reading and spelling skills. The event‐related potential Mismatch Response (MMR) is an indicator for auditory discrimination capabilities with dyslexics showing an altered late component ofMMRin response to auditory input.MethodsIn this study, we comprehensively analyzed associations of dyslexia‐specific lateMMRs with genetic variants previously reported to be associated with dyslexia‐related phenotypes in multiple studies comprising 25 independent single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 10 genes.ResultsFirst, we demonstrated validity of theseSNPs for dyslexia in our sample by showing that additional inclusion of a polygenic risk score improved prediction of impaired writing compared with a model that usedMMRalone. Secondly, a multifactorial regression analysis was conducted to uncover the subset of the 25SNPs that is associated with the dyslexia‐specific late component ofMMR. In total, four independentSNPs withinDYX1C1andATP2C2 were found to be associated withMMRstronger than expected from multiple testing. To explore potential pathomechanisms, we annotated these variants with functional data including tissue‐specific expression analysis andeQTLs.ConclusionOur findings corroborate the late component ofMMRas a potential endophenotype for dyslexia and support tripartite relationships between dyslexia‐relatedSNPs, the late component ofMMRand dyslexia.
Beryllium and Copper‐Beryllium Alloys
Authors: Nagel Nikolaus 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe light metal beryllium is a comparatively rare element, which nowadays is primarily derived from bertrandite. It is mainly used as pure metal or in the form of copper‐beryllium alloys, e.g., in automotive industry, aerospace, and electrical components. The wide range of applications is mainly attributed to the extremely high rigidity/density ratio. An overview of the history of the metal, its production and recycling as well as the properties of CuBe alloys are given.
Sol–Gel Autocombustion Combined Carbothermal Synthesis of Iron‐Based Catalysts for the Fischer–Tropsch Reaction
Authors: Xue Yingying , Zhai Yongbiao , Chen Zheng , Zhang Juan , Sun Jiaqiang , Abbas Mohamed , Chen Yilong , Chen Jiangang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA new combined method of sol–gel autocombustion with carbothermal reduction has been developed to synthesize Fe‐based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts. The effect of the glucose content on the structure and texture of the Fe phase is investigated. The glucose is employed as a reducing and carburizing agent to control the phase transformation of the Fe precursors. The reducibility of the synthesized iron oxide increases with the increase of the proportion of glucose. Meanwhile, iron oxide is converted completely into iron carbide in the presence of abundant glucose. The addition of glucose to the precursor is conducive to construct active sites before the FTS reaction. However, excess glucose results in carbon deposition and a poor FTS performance. Iron carbide also could be synthesized by this new method and will be applied directly to the FTS reaction in further research.
Atomic/Molecular Layer Deposition of s‐Block Metal Carboxylate Coordination Network Thin Films
Authors: Penttinen Jenna , Nisula Mikko , Karppinen Maarit 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe present novel atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) processes for the fabrication of crystalline inorganic–organic coordination network thin films with different s‐block elements. Terephthalic acid is employed as the organic precursor. Such thin films could enable for example, next‐generation battery, sensor and gas‐storage technologies. The deposition processes fulfill the basic principles of ALD/MLD‐type growth including the sequential self‐saturated gas‐surface reactions and atomic/molecular‐level control for the film thickness, and yield crystalline thin films in a wide deposition temperature range. Structural characterization of the films is performed by grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The data do not unambiguously prove but also do not rule out the crystal structures previously reported for the corresponding bulk samples. We moreover demonstrate the growth of crystalline thin films of a new terephthalate material with La as the metal component. Upon humidity treatments the Li, Na, K, Ba, and La terephthalate films remain unaffected while the Mg, Ca, and Sr terephthalate films reversibly absorb water molecules forming well‐defined crystalline water‐derivative phases.
Quantitative Analysis of Self‐Assembly Process of a Pd2L4 Cage Consisting of Rigid Ditopic Ligands
Authors: Kai Shumpei , Martí‐Centelles Vicente , Sakuma Yui , Mashiko Takako , Kojima Tatsuo , Nagashima Umpei , Tachikawa Masanori , Lusby Paul J. , Hiraoka Shuichi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe self‐assembly process of a Pd2L4 cage complex consisting of rigid ditopic ligands, in which two 3‐pyridyl groups are connected to a benzene ring through acetylene bonds and PdII ions was revealed by a recently developed quantitative analysis of self‐assembly process (QASAP), with which the self‐assembly process of coordination assemblies can be investigated by monitoring the evolution with time of the average composition of all the intermediates. QASAP revealed that the rate‐determining steps of the cage formation are the intramolecular ligand exchanges in the final stage of the self‐assembly: [Pd2L4Py*2]4+→[Pd2L4Py*1]4++Py* and [Pd2L4Py*1]4+→[Pd2L4]4++Py* (Py*: 3‐chloropyridine, which was used as a leaving ligand on the metal source). The energy barriers for the two reactions were determined to be 22.3 and 21.9 kcal mol−1, respectively. DFT calculations of the transition‐state (TS) structures for the two steps indicated that the distortion of the trigonal‐bipyramidal PdII center at the TS geometries increases the activation free energy of the two steps.
First Structure of a Designed Minor Groove Binding Heterocyclic Cation that Specifically Recognizes Mixed DNA Base Pair Sequences
Authors: Harika Narinder K. , Germann Markus W. , Wilson W. David 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe high‐resolution NMR structure of the first heterocyclic, non‐amide, organic cation that strongly and selectively recognizes mixed AT/GC bp (bp=base pair) sequences of DNA in a 1:1 complex is described. Compound designs of this type provide essential methods for control of functional, non‐genomic DNA sequences and have broad cell uptake capability, based on studies from animals to humans. The high‐resolution structural studies described in this report are essential for understanding the molecular basis for the sequence‐specific binding as well as for new ideas for additional compound designs for sequence‐specific recognition. The molecular features, in this report, explain the mechanism of recognition of both A⋅T and G⋅C bps and are an interesting molecular recognition story. Examination of the experimental structure and the NMR restrained molecular dynamics model suggests that recognition of the G⋅C base pair involves two specific H‐bonds. The structure illustrates a wealth of information on different DNA interactions and illustrates an interfacial water molecule that is a key component of the complex.
Assembly of Coordination Polymers Using Thioether‐Functionalized Octasilsesquioxanes: Occurrence of (CuX)n Clusters (X=Br and I) within 3D‐POSS Networks
Authors: Raghuvanshi Abhinav , Strohmann Carsten , Tissot Jean‐Baptiste , Clément Sébastien , Mehdi Ahmad , Richeter Sébastien , Viau Lydie , Knorr Michael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFor the first time, POSS‐based coordination polymers (CPs) have been structurally characterized. These CPs were obtained in high yield via self‐assembly reactions of thioether‐functionalized polysilsesquioxanes with CuI salts under mild conditions. Single crystal analyses revealed the formation of 3D networks incorporating different secondary building units (SBUs) as connection nodes. The nature of the ‐SAr functionality allows a fine‐tuning of the cluster nuclearity, that is, butterfly‐shaped Cu2X2 or closed cubane‐type Cu4I4 cores. As such, the resulting hybrid materials exhibit a combination of high thermal stability arising from the inorganic POSS core along with interesting luminescent properties conferred by the cubane cluster core. Furthermore, the occurrence of channels has been shown crystallographically in the case of the Cu4I4 cluster containing CP.
Effects of the Protonation State of Titratable Residues and the Presence of Water Molecules on Nocodazole Binding to β‐Tubulin
Authors: Guzmán‐Ocampo Dulce C. , Aguayo‐Ortiz Rodrigo , Cano‐González Lucia , Castillo Rafael , Hernández‐Campos Alicia , Dominguez Laura 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRegulation of microtubule assembly by antimitotic agents is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer, parasite infections, and neurodegenerative diseases. One of these agents is nocodazole (NZ), which inhibits microtubule polymerization by binding to β‐tubulin. NZ was recently co‐crystallized in Gallus gallus tubulin, providing new information about the features of interaction for ligand recognition and stability. In this work, we used state‐of‐the‐art computational approaches to evaluate the protonation effects of titratable residues and the presence of water molecules in the binding of NZ. Analysis of protonation states showed that residue E198 has the largest modification in its pKa value. The resulting E198 pKa value, calculated with pH‐REMD methodology (pKa=6.21), was higher than the isolated E amino acid (pKa=4.25), thus being more likely to be found in its protonated state at the binding site. Moreover, we identified an interaction between a water molecule and C239 and G235 as essential for NZ binding. Our results suggest that the protonation state of E198 and the structural water molecules play key roles in the binding of NZ to β‐tubulin.
Dendritic Core‐Frame and Frame Multimetallic Rhombic Dodecahedra: A Comparison Study of Composition and Structure Effects on Electrocatalysis of Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Mathurin Leanne E. , Tao Jing , Xin Huolin , Li Jun , Zhu Yimei , Chen Jingyi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe composition and structure of multimetallic nanostructures can be tailored to enhance electrocatalytic properties. This work reports a seed‐mediated synthesis of novel multimetallic dendritic core‐frame and frame nanostructures with a rhombic dodecahedral shape for enhanced methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The synthesis involves in situ formation of Cu seeds and the subsequent selective deposition of Pt and Ru on the edges and vertices of the Cu seeds to generate CuPt and CuPtRu dendritic core‐frame nanostructures. The core‐frame nanostructures undergo a post acetic acid etching process to form the frame nanostructures. While transmission electron microscopy reveals the morphology and elemental distribution of the nanostructures, X‐ray diffraction patterns confirm the alloy compositions of dendritic frames for both the core‐frame and frame nanostructures. Compared to the bimetallic CuPt nanostructures, the trimetallic CuPtRu nanostructures lower the onset potential and completely suppress the peak current in the reverse scan for MOR. The CuPtRu alloyed frame nanostructures are the best to prevent Ru leaching compared to the CuPtRu core‐frame nanostructures and PtRu catalysts. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that all three elements become more electron rich in the frame nanostructures. Further refining the composition ratio of the CuPtRu alloyed dendritic frame nanostructures can lead to more efficient catalysts at a lower cost for MOR.