bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stranger Than Fiction? The Jennens Inheritance in Fact and Fiction Part 1: The Jennens Fortune in the Courts
Authors: Polden Patrick 
Published: January 2017

Jarndyce v Jarndyce, the great lawsuit created by Charles Dickens in Bleak House, published in serial form in 1852–3, as a microcosm of all the manifold evils of the Court of Chancery, so permeated the popular consciousness that it seems rather to belong among the Leading Cases so fruitfully explored by Brian Simpson than in the pages of A.P. Herbert's fictional Misleading Cases.1 Since it has often been said to have been based upon one or two real cases, particularly the ‘Jennens Case’, this article began as an attempt to compare the real with the fictional case—to see how far Jennens was indeed ‘the real Jarndyce v Jarndyce’.2 What emerged from that examination, however, was not only a much more complicated story, and a cautionary tale about too ready an acceptance of real models for fictional events, but one which throws light on a seldom explored species of legal proceeding, which had an international dimension, and the ways it was promoted and financed. It also highlights the acute difficulties experienced by claimants and their adversaries in furnishing legally admissible and conclusive evidence of identities and relationships before the implementation of the Marriage Act 1836 and the Registration Act 1837. Gaps and defects in the older sources encouraged the pursuit of optimistic claims and ensured that, in those cases which reached the courts, their resolution would be lengthy, costly and not always satisfactory. And when the law deployed the blunt instrument of limitation periods to curtail proceedings, that in turn led the more determined claimants to muddy the waters with allegations of fraud.
Knowledge of peripheral arterial disease: Results of an intervention to measure and improve PAD knowledge in Toronto
Authors: El Morr Christo , AlHamzah Musaad , Ng Peggy , Purewal Amber , Al-Omran Mohammed 
Published: January 2017

Background Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has dramatically increased in both developing, as well as developed countries. However, significant knowledge and practice gaps persist. In Canada, efforts to improve this knowledge level are lacking. In this study, we examine PAD knowledge in Toronto, and evaluate a pilot intervention to address the knowledge gaps. Objectives Measure PAD awareness in Toronto, and evaluate an intervention to improve PAD knowledge among the public. Methods In the context of a community-based awareness campaign, an interview-based survey was used to assess the PAD awareness among general public. A sample of participants was split into two arms: control (survey only) and intervention (survey and education pamphlet), the choice between assigning the site as case or control was random. A follow-up telephone and email-based survey was conducted after 6 weeks to assess the attained knowledge level of PAD. Results Two hundred thirty-seven participants completed the baseline survey. One hundred eighty-eight participants (78.7%) had never heard of PAD. The remaining “PAD-aware” cohort had low overall knowledge of the disease characteristics. Participants from each arm completed the follow-up survey. The level of education, age, and gender were not predictors of knowledge scores; however, age was a predictor of PAD awareness, while gender and level of education were not. Participants in the intervention group showed significant knowledge scores improvement in five PAD domains, while those from control group showed significant improvement in their preventative measures, treatment modalities, and total scores. The impact of the study intervention on average scores was borderline not significant ( p = 0.05). Conclusion PAD knowledge gap in the Canadian public is larger than what was previously reported. Educational campaigns are necessary to address this gap and improve the outcome of PAD patients through patients' activation. Our results are encouraging and warrant a next intervention to explore an educational program impact on PAD knowledge.
Preface to The Human Perspective in Sociology: The Methodology of Participant Observation
Authors: Whyte William Foote , Bruyn Severyn T. 
Published: January 2017

William Foote Whyte wrote this Preface for a new edition of my book The Human Perspective in Sociology: The Methodology of Participant Observation that was never published. Whyte died in July 2000, after he had written the Preface, but it was never published. I had signed a contract with a publisher but there were financial problems that led suddenly and unexpectedly to the demise of the company. Bill was concerned about the growing emphasis on computer skills and the quantification of data. He saw the trend challenging the integrity, methodology, and basic purpose of the profession. He called for a new emphasis on qualitative studies and participant observation. In his long career he taught and practiced fieldwork so admirably, so perfectly, that he was a model for other sociologists. Indeed, he was my inspiration.
Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of NRT Patches vs. Once-Daily Bupropion SR: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Johnson Catherine D , LucasArticl Linda M , Uchishiba Mari A 
Published: January 2017

Background: Many studies have shown that smoking cessation is cost-effective; however, there have been no pharmacoeconomic trials directly comparing nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) with bupropion SR, the current mainstays of pharmacologic therapy for nicotine dependence. Objective: To evaluate and compare clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of either NRT or once-daily bupropion SR using patient-reported continuous six-month quit rates and pharmacoeconomic evaluation. Methods: Retrospective data on six-month abstinence rates were obtained on 287 Veterans Affairs people who enrolled in our smoking cessation programs from August 1997 to May 1998. These subjects received either NRT patches or once-daily bupropion SR along with counseling on behavioral modification. Quit rates were calculated to compare the efficacy of NRT versus once-daily bupropion SR. Pharmacoeconomic cost analysis data were calculated to determine actual and guideline cost of each medication group. The costs of success and failure of both NRT patches and bupropion SR were also determined. Results: Six-month quit rates were not significantly different in NRT patches versus bupropion SR groups (27.7% vs. 31%; p > 0.702). Pharmacoeconomic analysis revealed that overall cost of therapy was $158 for medication/patient receiving NRT versus $67/patient taking bupropion SR. Actual cost of success for NRT was $140/patient compared with $199/patient if doses matched guideline recommendations. Actual cost of failure for NRT was $166/patient compared with $138/patient if guideline doses were used. Patients who successfully quit smoking with NRT used pharmacologic treatment for approximately three weeks less than the guideline time period; patients who failed with NRT used therapy about 10 days longer than the guideline time. Actual cost of success for bupropion SR was $74/patient compared with $42/patient if guideline doses were used. Cost of failure with bupropion SR was $63/patient compared with $32/patient if guidelines were followed. Patients successful with bupropion SR used the treatment six weeks longer than our guideline, while patients who failed on bupropion SR used the therapy eight weeks beyond the guideline. Conclusions: NRT and bupropion SR were equally efficacious; however, bupropion SR was more cost-effective than NRT. Increasing the duration of therapy with NRT beyond our guideline period increased the cost of failure.
Susceptibility Patterns of Select Gram-Negative Organisms after a Formulary Switch from Ceftazidime to Cefepime
Authors: Hamm Lori L , Volles David F , Sawyer Robert G , Hazen Kevin C 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To document changes in susceptibility patterns of gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Serratia marcescens after a formulary switch from ceftazidime to cefepime. Design, Setting: Retrospective, observational study in a tertiary care, university teaching hospital. Participants: Adult surgical patients with culture and susceptibility data. Main Outcome Measures: Percent susceptible and median minimum inhibitory concentration values were evaluated for select gram-negative organisms from culture and susceptibility results. The time periods of one year before and two years after the formulary change were evaluated. Duplicate isolates were excluded. Different culture sites of infection were assessed for P. aeruginosa, including blood, urine, and lung. Results: A total of 957 samples from 489 patients were included. Susceptibility results after the formulary switch favored ceftazidime over cefepime for P. aeruginosa (79% vs. 54%; n = 485) and A. calcoaceticus (65% vs. 29%; n = 140). However, cefepime demonstrated greater kill rate with E. aerogenes isolates compared with ceftazidime (95% vs. 69%; n = 208). Susceptibility results were comparable with S. marcescens (100% for cefepime vs. 98% for ceftazidime). P. aeruginosa results from isolates taken from different culture sites did not differ from the overall results, as susceptibility was higher for ceftazidime compared with cefepime for all culture sites. Conclusions: Susceptibility to cefepime and ceftazidime is organism-specific; therefore, it may be appropriate to include both agents on the formulary and/or implement an antibiotic rotation policy.
Use of Etidronate in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Davis Steven M. , Brown Timothy R. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To discuss the use of etidronate, a biphosphonate, in the treatment of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and to determine its place in therapy when compared with conventional therapies. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search was conducted for clinical trials and review articles on biphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis. Study Selection: Six clinical trials and four review articles were selected because they dealt specifically with a biphosphonate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Data Synthesis: The studies provide a look at how the treatment evolved from continuous etidronate therapy to the more accepted intermittent cyclic therapy. The studies showed an increase in bone mass and a decrease in vertebral fractures in women receiving cyclic therapy with etidronate compared with those receiving placebo. In one study, however, a follow-up report one year later revealed that women taking etidronate experienced a 50 percent increase in vertebral fracture rate compared with those receiving placebo. This was a complete reversal from the data collected over the first two years of the study. This follow-up study is useful to point out a major potential concern associated with long-term use of etidronate—that etidronate therapy may cause mineralization defects, which could lead to alterations in bone integrity. Conclusions: Etidronate therapy has shown benefit in preserving bone in postmenopausal women. Comparative trials with conventional therapies such as estrogens have not been completed, which makes it difficult to determine etidronate's place in therapy. Long-term trials also are necessary to assess etidronate's potential to cause mineralization defects.
Vancomycin and Rifampin: A Synergistic Approach to the Eradication of a Staphylococcus Haemolyticus Bacteremia
Authors: Lohr Bruce C. , Mastoridis Paul , Cerra Frank B. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To report a case of Staphylococcus haemolyticus bacteremia that appeared unresponsive to vancomycin therapy alone but was successfully treated with the addition of rifampin therapy. Setting: Public, university, teaching hospital (University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic, Minneapolis). Case Summary: A man with a history of bladder cancer developed S. haemolyticus bacteremia postoperatively that was unresponsive to vancomycin alone. The addition of oral rifampin to the vancomycin regimen provided a synergistic effect (serum inhibitory titer and serum bactericidal titer both ⩾ 1:64). The 5. haemolyticus was eradicated as judged by negative blood cultures for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and clinical recovery. Conclusions: In the treatment of an S. haemolyticus bacteremia, the addition of rifampin to vancomycin therapy was effective in eliminating the organism.
Parasitological monitoring of fish farm factories
Authors: Наумова  , Naumova A. , Наумова  , Naumova A. 
Published: January 2017

Objective of research: to perform the parasitological monitoring we have to study the
parasite fauna in fishes from different fish farm factories, calculate the index of similarity, estimate
the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the ecosystem of fish-breeding reservoirs.
Materials and methods: parasitological monitoring of factory fish farms was conducted by
the method of complete and incomplete parasitological examination taking into account the data
obtained from various fish-breeding reservoirs.
Results and discussion: the parasite fauna of cyprinid fishes is represented by 56 species,
carriage of causative agents of parasitic diseases in fishes is detected. Index of similarity of
parasite fauna in carps has been studied and typification of agricultural reservoirs carried out.
Index of similarity between the parasite fauna in carp and herbivorous fish was 22–33 %, carp
and rough fish - 18–30,7 %.
Influence of abiotic (oxidability, reduction of oxygen and nitrogen ammonia concentration,
mineralization) and biotic – anthropogenic factors (violation of processing technologies, veterinary
and sanitary rules of fish transport and fish farming operations) on fish infestation with parasites was studied.
The role of parasitological monitoring in prevention and elimination of fish diseases was shown.
The efficacy of a new complex drug for treatment of fox otodectosis based on the data of histological skin examination
Authors: Индюхова  , Indyukhova E. , Арисов  , Arisov M. , Антипов  , Antipov A. 
Published: January 2017

The parasitic disease such as octodectosis widely spread in our country as well as abroad
may cause significant economic damage.
In fur farms of the Russian Federation the extensity of Otodectescynotis infection is in the
range from 35 to 85% and in some farms reaches 100%.
Objective of research: to determine the efficacy of a new drug produced on the basis of
levofloxacin, clotrimazole, dexamethasone, moxidectinused forotodectos is in foxes and to
identify by histological examination the effect of the composition of active ingredients onthe inner
skin surface of the ear in foxes with otodectosis.
Materials and methods: microscopic examination of scrapings was performed using abiotic
research method of A.M. Priselkova. Histological sections were prepared according to the
standard techniques. Morphometry was performed using the program ImageJ.
Results and discussion: the results of clinical and laboratory studies of foxes at ZAO
«Saltykovsky» have revealed that the rate of Otodectescynotis infection in adult stock was
73,7%. No complications and side effects were observed during the treatment.The 100% efficacy
of eardrops was confirmed by two acarological studies. The article presents the description of
histological preparations of the inner surface of the ears of foxes before and after treatment
forotodectosis. Positive morphological changes in the skin were revealed. The optimal
microstructural organization of tissue has been restored after using the drug, in particular, the
total skin thickness has been reduced by 2.2 times compared to the values provided from the
group of sick animals (otodectosis). Thus, it was found that there is a tendency to the regeneration
processes of skin in the inner surface of the auricle of treated animals
Sanitation of fish farms and prevention of fish diseases by pond drying with the use of fish and grass rotation
Authors: Наумова  , Naumova A. , Наумова  , Naumova A. 
Published: January 2017

Objective of research: to present the actuality and novelty of application of fish and grass “rotation” because this allows to reveal new data on pond drainage planning which is the most effective in sanitation of the fish farm.
Materials and methods: to determine the most effective cycle for the summer drying of ponds, we studied ecological and epizootological features of fishing ponds, which had been used after drying within 1 and 5 years. As research object served 8 fish ponds: 4 drained ponds under crop (40 ha), 4 — overflowed (40 ha) and filled with one-year carps (2,5-З thousand ind./ha) and silver carps (1,2-1,4 thousand ind./ha).
Results and discussion: The results of comparative research on anti-epizootic efficacy of pond drying at different periodicity of 1 and 5 years with the use of fish and grass “rotation” are provided. Data on decreased invasion of fishes (carp, silver carp) by parasites, absence of causative agents of infection, improved blood indicators, increased fish production at annual pond drying (with the use of fish and grass “rotation”) compared with the pond drying of 5 year periodicity are presented.
Advantages of economic efficacy of the annual frequency of pond drying are confirmed: twice increased commercial fish production; reduced expenses for purchase of food (own barley and wheat production), drugs, disinfectants, fertilizers that allow increasing economic revenue and making profit.
DRUGSTORE PHENOMENON: IMPACT OF THE IMAGE ON CORPORATE CULTURE OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Папанова  , Papanova S. , Ледовской  , Ledovskoy E. 
Published: January 2017

In this article the main approaches to optimization of activity of the pharmaceutical organizations in the context of a psychological reflection of an image of a drugstore in corporate culture of the pharmaceutical organization are considered. The existing contradiction in consciousness of consumers in the field of perception of pharmaceutical goods and services, is also shown concerning visitors of drugstores to workers of the first table: to pharmacists and druggists. It is essentially important to heads of the pharmaceutical organizations to find the optimal solution for emotional support of personnel. Such unique phenomenon of modern management as corporate culture can play a key role in this situation. Thanks to an involvement of employees at the enterprise the strong command spirit, the atmosphere of mutual assistance and mutual understanding will be able to be created that will promote in turn resistance to stress of workers, to emergence of enthusiasm and internal motivation of members of collective constantly to self-improve in the sphere of the professional activity. Ability of the management of the pharmaceutical organization to build the system of management based on corporate culture with use of the principles
of an involvement can guarantee prosperity of business in the long term.
Avaliação Externa como parâmetro para a Educação
Authors: Albuquerque Margarida Maria De Souza Santos 
Published: January 2017

Analisa-se, neste artigo, a avaliação da educação em larga escala, a Avaliação Nacional do Rendimento Escolar (Anresc/Prova Brasil), a partir dos resultados obtidos desde sua primeira edição em 1991. Articulando o resultado das avaliações à politicas de responsabilização, com atribuições de consequências para os gestores e educadores escolares. Tendo como base de análise os objetivos e metas dessas avaliações, bem como pesquisas bibliográficas que geraram fatos relevantes sobre o tema. Discutem-se os riscos que as avaliações padronizadas como a Prova Brasil, que referenciam políticas de responsabilização, exacerbam a preocupação dos gestores e professores com as atividades desenvolvidas para a preparação dos educandos para esse teste, o que pode acarretar uma redução dos conteúdos escolares, alterando o currículo escolar. Por outro lado, o resultado dessas avaliações podem levar os gestores e educadores a refletir, através da informações levantadas, sobre o currículo escolar e quais as habilidades de leitura e matemática devem ser melhor trabalhadas para garanti-las a todos os educandos, ou seja, tornar a aprendizagem mais significativa e eficaz.
Avaliação da Aprendizagem: um Desafio para o Docente
Authors: Lopes Edjonas Silvana , Carvalho Anna Christina Farias de 
Published: January 2017

Esse artigo tem como objetivo, conceituar e compreender a finalidade da avaliação na aprendizagem, sua função educacional e porque muitos docentes tem “pecado” no assunto. No primeiro momento, abordamos a necessidade iminente do homem em avaliar tudo ao seu redor, lembrando que constantemente somos avaliados e estamos avaliando nossos semelhantes e ações. Sem esquecer que é próprio da natureza humana procurar culpados para os erros e na educação não é diferente. Há mais gente procurando e apontando culpados para os problemas da educação do que pessoas procurando soluções viáveis para solucioná-los. No segundo momento usamos como base a obra de Hamilton Werneck “Prova, provão, camisa de força da educação (1995)”, onde o autor faz comparações de animais as ações e práticas dos professores, ou seja, a postura do educador diz que tipo de animal ele é ou assemelha-se. Por fim, concluímos esclarecendo que avaliação da aprendizagem não tem nada a ver com castigo ou punições para o aluno, mas é uma ferramenta diagnóstica para aferir o conhecimento ou dificuldades do mesmo, só assim o professor poderá progredir no ensino, fazer as mudanças ou correções possíveis, sempre priorizando o ensino de qualidade.
Prestretched airway smooth muscle response to length oscillation
Authors: Al‐Jumaily Ahmed M. , Roos Kevin , Bessaguet Sandy , Jo Avila Miguel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAirway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperconstriction is the cause of many respiratory diseases including asthma. In vitro testing has demonstrated that the active forces of ASM are reduced by length oscillation (LO) mimicking tidal breathing. In a previous study, we demonstrated that this force reduction can be further enhanced when superimposing oscillations (with certain frequencies and amplitudes) on this LO. In contrast, it has been reported that pressurizing the lung may help in relieving asthmatic airway constrictions. Ultimately, this pressurizing stretches the ASM and may disturb the acto‐myosin cross‐bridges in a manner similar to LO; however, it is of a static rather than dynamic nature. This research investigates the effect of combining both prestretch‐ and LO‐applications on contracted porcine ASM. Isolated porcine ASM relaxation was tested with a 0.56%, 2%, or 4% stretch of its reference length (Lref) in addition to LO. These oscillations are composed of a main wave mimicking the normal breathing (frequency of 0.33 Hz and amplitude of 4% Lref) and superimposed oscillations (frequencies of 20, 30, 40, 60 and 80 Hz and amplitude of 1% Lref). The oscillations were maintained for 10 min. The results demonstrate that a prestretch of 0.56% and 2% Lref does enhance the contracted ASM relaxation at certain superimposed length oscillations frequencies while of 4% Lref does not.