bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QTLmapping for capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content in a population ofCapsicum annuum‘NB1’ × Capsicum chinense‘Bhut Jolokia’
Authors: Lee Jundae , Park Seok Jin , Hong Sun Chul , Han Jung‐Heon , Choi Doil , Yoon Jae Bok 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCapsaicinoids are pungent compounds used for industrial and medical purposes including food, medicine and cosmetics. The Indian local variety ‘Bhut Jolokia’ (Capsicum chinenseJacq.) is one of the world's hottest chilli peppers. It produces more than one million Scoville heat units (SHUs) in total capsaicinoids. In this study, our goal was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for the high content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in ‘Bhut Jolokia’.Capsicum annuum‘NB1’, a Korean pepper inbred line containing 14 000SHUs, was used as a maternal line. An F2population derived by crossing between ‘NB1’ and ‘Bhut Jolokia’ was generated to mapQTLs for capsaicinoids content. A total of 234 markers, including 201HRM, 21SSR, 2CAPSand 10 gene‐based markers of the capsaicinoid synthesis pathway, were mapped. The final map covered a total distance of 1175.2cMand contained 12 linkage groups corresponding to the basic chromosome number of chilli pepper. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content were analysed in 175 F2pepper fruits using theHPLCmethod. The maximum total capsaicinoids content was 1389 mg per 100g DW (dry weight), and the minimum content was 11 mg per 100g DW. TwoQTLs (qcap3.1andqcap6.1) for capsaicin content were identified onLG3 andLG6, and twoQTLs (qhdc2.1andqdhc2.2) for dihydrocapsaicin content were located onLG2. We did not detectQTLs for total capsaicinoids content. TheQTLpositions for capsaicin content were different from those for dihydrocapsaicin content. These results indicate that the complexity of selecting for more pungent chilli peppers must be considered in a chilli pepper breeding programme. TheQTL‐linked markers identified here will be helpful to develop more pungent pepper varieties from ‘Bhut Jolokia’, a very hot pepper.
Combined plerixafor and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor for harvesting high‐dose hematopoietic stem cells: Possible niche for plerixafor use in pediatric patients
Authors: Bitan Menachem , Eshel Rinat , Sadot Efraim , Friedman Shirley , Pinhasov Aviva , Levin Dror , Dvir Rina , Manisterski Michal , Berger‐Achituv Sivan , Rosenfeld‐Keidar Hila , Elhasid Ronit 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPB is a source of HSC, especially for autologous HCT in solid tumors. However, there is a risk of failing to achieve the target number of SC after mobilization with growth factors alone in patients who were heavily pretreated with chemotherapy or those in need for tandem transplants. SC were harvested from seven pediatric patients with solid tumors who were in need of autologous HCT following combination GCSF and plerixafor. Six of them received plerixafor after failing to achieve enough SC with GCSF only, while the seventh patient received the combined protocol upfront. All seven patients achieved the target number of SC according to their treatment protocol. There were no adverse events. All patients underwent autologous HCT using the harvested HSC and achieved full engraftment. A protocol for harvesting autologous HCT using GCSF and plerixafor is feasible and safe in children with solid tumors who had been heavily pretreated with chemotherapy or needed tandem transplants.
Serum Levels of Cardiac Markers NT‐proANP and NT‐proBNP in Brachycephalic bitches at Different Gestational Stages
Authors: Feliciano MAR , Uscategui RR , Maciel GS , de Almeida VT , Silveira MF , de Oliveira GAC , Vicente WRR 
Published: March 2016

ContentsThe aim of this study was to determine serum levels of natriuretic peptide precursors (NT‐proANP and NT‐proBNP) during pregnancy in brachycephalic bitches. Fifteen healthy multiparous bitches were selected for this prospective study. Serum levels of NT‐proANP and NT‐proBNP were measured during anoestrous and at 14, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days (2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th weeks) of pregnancy. Fourteen animals had normal gestations, and one bitch developed single foetus syndrome. The natriuretic peptide levels of this animal were not included in this study; however, it is important to report that its NT‐proANP levels were four times greater than those of normal patients. There was no significant difference (p = 0.072) in NT‐proBNP levels between anoestrous (0.20 ± 0.10 ng/ml) and the different pregnancy weeks (0.27 ± 0.12 ng/ml). There was a positive correlation (p < 0.0001) between NT‐proANP and gestational age, and the levels of this marker increased significantly (p < 0.0001) during the 6th (0.26 ± 0.06 ng/ml), 7th (0.28 ± 0.04 ng/ml) and 8th weeks (0.29 ± 0.05 ng/ml) when compared to anoestrous (0.18 ± 0.02 ng/ml). NT‐proANP serum levels are correlated with gestational development and may be indicative of cardiovascular adaptation in canine brachycephalic pregnancy.
Hd1,a CONSTANS ortholog in rice, functions as an Ehd1 repressor through interaction with monocot‐specific CCT‐domain protein Ghd7
Authors: Nemoto Yasue , Nonoue Yasunori , Yano Masahiro , Izawa Takeshi 
Published: March 2016

SummaryFlowering time is an important agronomic trait that affects crop yields. In cereals, several CCT‐domain proteins unique to monocots, such as Grain number, plant height, and heading date 7 (Ghd7) gene, have been identified as key floral repressors, although the corresponding molecular mechanisms have been unknown until now. In rice, a short‐day plant, Heading date 1 (Hd1) gene, a rice ortholog of Arabidopsis floral activator CONSTANS (CO), represses flowering under non‐inductive long‐day (LD) conditions and induces it under inductive short‐day (SD) conditions. Here, we report biological interactions between Ghd7 and Hd1, which together repress Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), a key floral inducer under non‐inductive LD conditions. In addition to this genetic interaction between them, Co‐IP experiments further demonstrated that a Ghd7‐Hd1 protein formed a complex in vivo and ChIP and luciferase reporter analyses suggested that this complex specifically binds to a cis‐regulatory region in Ehd1 and represses its expression. These findings imply that Hd1, an evolutionally conserved transcriptional activator, can function as a strong transcriptional repressor within a monocot‐specific flowering‐time pathway through with Ghd7.
How Could the South Respond to Secular Stagnation in the North?
Authors: Mayer Joerg 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDeveloped countries face the risk of a sustained lack of aggregate demand, that is, secular stagnation. Demand‐oriented growth models emphasising the balance‐of‐payments constraint raise concerns about attendant adverse growth impacts on developing countries from reduced export growth. These concerns are well‐founded, albeit less serious than the simplest versions of these models would imply. Relaxing their assumptions and emphasising cumulative causation forces from domestic‐demand growth and relative price effects indicates how developing countries can combine export and domestic‐demand based strategies and how changed policies can maintain rapid growth while reducing the income elasticity of import demand.
Effect of timolol maleate gel‐forming solution on intraocular pressure, pupil diameter, and heart rate in normal and glaucomatous cats
Authors: Kiland Julie A. , Voss Andrea M. , McLellan Gillian J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of once‐daily topical treatment with timolol maleate gel‐forming solution (GFS) on intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil diameter (PD), and heart rate (HR) in normal cats and cats with feline primary congenital glaucoma (FCG).Animals studied and proceduresA single drop of timolol maleate 0.5%GFSwas administered topically to one randomly assigned eye of 18 adult cats (8 normal, 10FCG) at 8 am for 8 days; the opposite eye served as the untreated control.IOPwas measured in both eyes (OU) every 2 h (PDandHRwere measured every 4 h), for 14 h total, 1 day prior to and on days 1 and 8 of treatment. In a second treatment phase, a single drop of timolol was administered at 8 pm for 3 nights andIOP,PD, andHRwere measured, as above, beginning at 8 am on day 4. Slit‐lamp examinations were conducted prior to and after treatment phases. Comparisons of meanIOP,PD, andHRwere made at each time point and between treated and untreated eyes by repeated‐measuresANOVAand Tukey–Kramer post hoc test, withP< 0.05 considered significant.ResultsTimolol maleate 0.5%GFShad an inconsistent effect onIOP, with maximumIOP‐lowering effect (mean = 5.6 mmHg, 17.4%) observed 6 h post‐treatment inFCG. The drug caused significant miosis (from 4 to 8 h post‐treatment), but had no effect onHR.ConclusionOnce‐daily application of timolol maleate 0.5%GFSmay be of limited clinical benefit in the management of feline congenital glaucoma.
Shaping of cutaneous function by encounters with commensals
Authors: Barnard Emma , Li Huiying 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe skin is the largest organ in the human body and provides the first line of defence against environmental attack and pathogen invasion. It harbor multiple commensal microbial communities at different body sites, which play important roles in sensing the environment, protecting against colonization and infection of pathogens, and guiding the host immune system in response to foreign invasions. The skin microbiome is largely variable between individuals and body sites, with several core commensal members commonly shared among individuals at the healthy state. These microbial commensals are essential to skin health and can potentially lead to disease when their abundances and activities change due to alterations in the environment or in the host. While recent advances in sequencing technologies have enabled a large number of studies to characterize the taxonomic composition of the skin microbiome at various body sites and under different physiological conditions, we have limited understanding of the microbiome composition and dynamics at the strain level, which is highly important to many microbe‐related diseases. Functional studies of the skin microbial communities and the interactions among community members and with the host are currently scant, warranting future investigations. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the skin microbiome, highlighting the roles of the major commensals, including bacteria, fungi and bacteriophages, in modulating skin functions in health and disease. Functional studies of the skin microbiota at the metatranscriptomic and proteomic levels are also included to illustrate the interactions between the microbiota and the host skin.
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Mechano‐signalling pathways in an experimental intensive critical illness myopathy model
Authors: Corpeno Kalamgi Rebeca , Salah Heba , Gastaldello Stefano , Martinez‐Redondo Vicente , Ruas Jorge L. , Fury Wen , Bai Yu , Gromada Jesper , Sartori Roberta , Guttridge Denis C. , Sandri Marco , Larsson Lars 
Published: March 2016

Key points
Using an experimental rat intensive care unit (ICU) model, not limited by early mortality, we have previously shown that passive mechanical loading attenuates the loss of muscle mass and force‐generation capacity associated with the ICU intervention.
Mitochondrial dynamics have recently been shown to play a more important role in muscle atrophy than previously recognized.
In this study we demonstrate that mitochondrial dynamics, as well as mitophagy, is affected by mechanosensing at the transcriptional level, and muscle changes induced by unloading are counteracted by passive mechanical loading.
The recently discovered ubiquitin ligases Fbxo31 and SMART are induced by mechanical silencing, an induction that similarly is prevented by passive mechanical loading.
AbstractThe complete loss of mechanical stimuli of skeletal muscles, i.e. loss of external strain related to weight bearing and internal strain related to activation of contractile proteins, in mechanically ventilated, deeply sedated and/or pharmacologically paralysed intensive care unit (ICU) patients is an important factor triggering the critical illness myopathy (CIM). Using a unique experimental ICU rat model, mimicking basic ICU conditions, we have recently shown that mechanical silencing is a dominant factor triggering the preferential loss of myosin, muscle atrophy and decreased specific force in fast‐ and slow‐twitch muscles and muscle fibres. The aim of this study is to gain improved understanding of the gene signature and molecular pathways regulating the process of mechanical activation of skeletal muscle that are affected by the ICU condition. We have focused on pathways controlling myofibrillar protein synthesis and degradation, mitochondrial homeostasis and apoptosis. We demonstrate that genes regulating mitochondrial dynamics, as well as mitophagy are induced by mechanical silencing and that these effects are counteracted by passive mechanical loading. In addition, the recently identified ubiquitin ligases Fbxo31 and SMART are induced by mechanical silencing, an induction that is reversed by passive mechanical loading. Thus, mechano‐cell signalling events are identified which may play an important role for the improved clinical outcomes reported in response to the early mobilization and physical therapy in immobilized ICU patients.
Technical Note: Effect of explicit M and N‐shell atomic transitions on a low‐energy x‐ray source
Authors: Watson Peter G. F. , Seuntjens Jan 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:In EGSnrc, atomic transitions to and from the M and N‐shells are treated in an average way by default. This approach is justified in which the energy difference between explicit and average M and N‐shell binding energies is less than 1 keV, and for most applications can be considered negligible. However, for simulations of low energy x‐ray sources on thin, high‐Z targets, characteristic x‐rays can make up a significant portion of the source spectra. As of release V4‐2.4.0, EGSnrc has included an option to enable a more complete algorithm of all atomic transitions available in the EADL compilation. In this paper, the effect of M and N‐shell averaging on the calculation of half‐value layer (HVL) and relative depth dose (RDD) curve of a 50 kVp intraoperative x‐ray tube with a thin gold target was investigated.Methods:A 50 kVp miniature x‐ray source with a gold target (The INTRABEAM System, Carl Zeiss, Germany) was modeled with the EGSnrc user code cavity, both with and without M and N‐shell averaging. From photon fluence spectra simulations, the source HVLs were determined analytically. The same source model was then used with egs_chamber to calculate RDD curves in water.Results:A 4% increase of HVL was reported when accounting for explicit M and N‐shell transitions, and up to a 9% decrease in local relative dose for normalization at 3 mm depth in water.Conclusions:The EGSnrc default of using averaged M and N‐shell binding energies has an observable effect on the HVL and RDD of a low energy x‐ray source with high‐Z target. For accurate modeling of this class of devices, explicit atomic transitions should be included.
Draft Genome Sequence of “
Halomonas chromatireducens
” Strain AGD 8-3, a Haloalkaliphilic Chromate- and Selenite-Reducing Gammaproteobacterium
Authors: Sharko Fedor S. , Shapovalova Anna A. , Tsygankova Svetlana V. , Komova Anastasia V. , Boulygina Eugenia S. , Teslyuk Anton B. , Gotovtsev Pavel M. , Namsaraev Zorigto B. , Khijniak Tatiana V. , Nedoluzhko Artem V. , Vasilov Raif G. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome sequence (3.97 Mb) of “
Halomonas chromatireducens
” AGD 8-3, a denitrifying bacterium capable of chromate and selenite reduction under extreme haloalkaline conditions. This strain was isolated from soda solonchak soils of the Kulunda steppe, Russian Federation.
Health insurance determines antenatal, delivery and postnatal care utilisation: evidence from the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveillance data
Authors: Browne Joyce L , Kayode Gbenga A , Arhinful Daniel , Fidder Samuel A J , Grobbee Diederick E , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the effect of maternal health insurance status on the utilisation of antenatal, skilled delivery and postnatal care.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study.Setting and participantsWe utilised the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey data of Ghana, which included 2987 women who provided information on maternal health insurance status.Primary outcomesUtilisation of antenatal, skilled delivery and postnatal care.Statistical analysesMultivariable logistic regression was applied to determine the independent association between maternal health insurance and utilisation of antenatal, skilled delivery and postnatal care.ResultsAfter adjusting for socioeconomic, demographic and obstetric factors, we observed that among insured women the likelihood of having antenatal care increased by 96% (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.52 to 2.52; p value<0.001) and of skilled delivery by 129% (OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.92 to 2.74; p value<0.001), while postnatal care among insured women increased by 61% (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.21; p value<0.01).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that maternal health insurance status plays a significant role in the uptake of the maternal, neonatal and child health continuum of care service.
Elucidation of the Roles of Tumor Integrin β1 in the Extravasation Stage of the Metastasis Cascade
Authors: Chen Michelle B. , Lamar John M. , Li Ran , Hynes Richard O. , Kamm Roger D. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Tumor integrin β1 (ITGB1) contributes to primary tumor growth and metastasis, but its specific roles in extravasation have not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, we engineered a three-dimensional microfluidic model of the human microvasculature to recapitulate the environment wherein extravasation takes place and assess the consequences of β1 depletion in cancer cells. Combined with confocal imaging, these tools allowed us to decipher the detailed morphology of transmigrating tumor cells and associated endothelial cells in vitro at high spatio-temporal resolution not easily achieved in conventional transmigration assays. Dynamic imaging revealed that β1-depleted cells lacked the ability to sustain protrusions into the subendothelial matrix in contrast with control cells. Specifically, adhesion via α3β1 and α6β1 to subendothelial laminin was a critical prerequisite for successful transmigration. β1 was required to invade past the endothelial basement membrane, whereas its attenuation in a syngeneic tumor model resulted in reduced metastatic colonization of the lung, an effect not observed upon depletion of other integrin alpha and beta subunits. Collectively, our findings in this novel model of the extravasation microenvironment revealed a critical requirement for β1 in several steps of extravasation, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying metastasis. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2513–24. ©2016 AACR.
Immune and Stromal Classification of Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with Molecular Subtypes and Relevant for Precision Immunotherapy
Authors: Becht Etienne , de Reyniès Aurélien , Giraldo Nicolas A. , Pilati Camilla , Buttard Bénédicte , Lacroix Laetitia , Selves Janick , Sautès-Fridman Catherine , Laurent-Puig Pierre , Fridman Wolf Herman 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Purpose: The tumor microenvironment is formed by many distinct and interacting cell populations, and its composition may predict patients' prognosis and response to therapies. Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease in which immune classifications and four consensus molecular subgroups (CMS) have been described. Our aim was to integrate the composition of the tumor microenvironment with the consensus molecular classification of colorectal cancer.
Experimental Design: We retrospectively analyzed the composition and the functional orientation of the immune, fibroblastic, and angiogenic microenvironment of 1,388 colorectal cancer tumors from three independent cohorts using transcriptomics. We validated our findings using immunohistochemistry.
Results: We report that colorectal cancer molecular subgroups and microenvironmental signatures are highly correlated. Out of the four molecular subgroups, two highly express immune-specific genes. The good-prognosis microsatellite instable–enriched subgroup (CMS1) is characterized by overexpression of genes specific to cytotoxic lymphocytes. In contrast, the poor-prognosis mesenchymal subgroup (CMS4) expresses markers of lymphocytes and of cells of monocytic origin. The mesenchymal subgroup also displays an angiogenic, inflammatory, and immunosuppressive signature, a coordinated pattern that we also found in breast (n = 254), ovarian (n = 97), lung (n = 80), and kidney (n = 143) cancers. Pathologic examination revealed that the mesenchymal subtype is characterized by a high density of fibroblasts that likely produce the chemokines and cytokines that favor tumor-associated inflammation and support angiogenesis, resulting in a poor prognosis. In contrast, the canonical (CMS2) and metabolic (CMS3) subtypes with intermediate prognosis exhibit low immune and inflammatory signatures.
Conclusions: The distinct immune orientations of the colorectal cancer molecular subtypes pave the way for tailored immunotherapies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4057–66. ©2016 AACR.
Cardiopulmonary Dysfunction and Adiponectin in Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bjornstad Petter , Truong Uyen , Dorosz Jennifer L. , Cree‐Green Melanie , Baumgartner Amy , Coe Gregory , Pyle Laura , Regensteiner Judith G. , Reusch Jane E. B. , Nadeau Kristen J. 
Published: March 2016

Background

Myocardial mechanics are altered in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D); insulin resistance and adipokines have been implicated as important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, but these relationships are poorly described in adolescents. We hypothesized that obese adolescents and adolescents with T2D would have abnormal cardiac function compared to lean adolescents. In addition, we hypothesized that insulin sensitivity (
IS
), adiposity, and adipokines would be associated with altered cardiac strain and cardiopulmonary fitness in adolescents with T2D.

Methods and Results

Adolescents (15±2 years) with T2D (n=37), obesity without diabetes (n=41), and lean controls (n=31) of similar age and pubertal stage underwent echocardiography with speckle tracking, assessment of
IS
by hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp, body composition by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, peak oxygen consumption (
VO
2
peak) by cycle ergometry, adiponectin, and leptin. Compared to lean and to obese controls, adolescents with T2D had significantly lower cardiac circumferential strain (
CS
) (−18.9±4.6 [T2D] versus −21.5±3.5 [obese] versus −22.0±4.2% [lean],
P
=0.04) and
VO
2
peak (37.6±7.5 [T2D] versus 43.4±8.2 [obese] versus 47.6±8.6
mL
/lean kg/min [lean],
P
<0.0001). In T2D youth,
VO
2
peak was associated with
CS
, and the association remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and
IS
(β±
SE
: −0.73±0.26,
P
=0.02). Among adolescents with T2D,
CS
was also associated with adiponectin, longitudinal strain with leptin, and
VO
2
peak with adiponectin and
IS
.

Conclusions

Adolescents with T2D had abnormal
CS
and reduced
VO
2
peak compared to obese and lean controls, which may represent the earliest evidence of cardiac functional impairment in T2D. Low adiponectin, rather than conventional risk factors and
IS
, correlated with
CS
, while both adiponectin and
IS
related to cardiopulmonary fitness.