bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GI‐530159, a novel, selective, mechanosensitive two‐pore‐domain potassium (K2P) channel opener, reduces rat dorsal root ganglion neuron excitability
Authors: Loucif Alexandre J C , Saintot Pierre‐Philippe , Liu Jia , Antonio Brett M , Zellmer Shannon G , Yoger Katrina , Veale Emma L , Wilbrey Anna , Omoto Kiyoyuki , Cao Lishuang , Gutteridge Alex , Castle Neil A , Stevens Edward B , Mathie Alistair 
Published: November 2017

Background and PurposeTREK two‐pore‐domain potassium (K2P) channels play a critical role in regulating the excitability of somatosensory nociceptive neurons and are important mediators of pain perception. An understanding of the roles of TREK channels in pain perception and, indeed, in other pathophysiological conditions, has been severely hampered by the lack of potent and/or selective activators and inhibitors. In this study, we describe a new, selective opener of TREK channels, GI‐530159.Experimental ApproachThe effect of GI‐530159 on TREK channels was demonstrated using 86Rb efflux assays, whole‐cell and single‐channel patch‐clamp recordings from recombinant TREK channels. The expression of K2P2.1 (TREK1), K2P10.1 (TREK2) and K2P4.1 (TRAAK) channels was determined using transcriptome analysis from single dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. Current‐clamp recordings from cultured rat DRG neurons were used to measure the effect of GI‐530159 on neuronal excitability.Key ResultsFor recombinant human TREK1 channels, GI‐530159 had similar low EC50 values in Rb efflux experiments and electrophysiological recordings. It activated TREK2 channels, but it had no detectable action on TRAAK channels nor any significant effect on other K channels tested. Current‐clamp recordings from cultured rat DRG neurones showed that application of GI‐530159 at 1 μM resulted in a significant reduction in firing frequency and a small hyperpolarization of resting membrane potential.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study provides pharmacological evidence for the presence of mechanosensitive TREK K2P channels in sensory neurones and suggests that development of selective K2P channel openers like GI‐530159 could aid in the development of novel analgesic agents.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc
Empirical models of firms and industries
Authors: Aguirregabiria Victor , Slade Margaret 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe review important developments in empirical industrial organization (IO) over the last three decades. The paper is organized around six topics: collusion, demand, productivity, industry dynamics, interfirm contracts and auctions. We present models that are workhorses in empirical IO and describe applications. For each topic, we discuss at least one empirical application using Canadian data.
Non‐operative treatment as a strategy for patients with parastomal hernia: a multicentre, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kroese L. F. , Lambrichts D. P. V. , Jeekel J. , Kleinrensink G. J. , Menon A. G. , de Graaf E. J. R. , Bemelman W. A. , Lange J. F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimParastomal hernia is the most common complication following stoma construction. Surgical treatment is usually chosen over non‐operative treatment, but a clear rationale for the choice of management is often lacking. This study aims to investigate the reasons for non‐operative treatment, cross‐over rates and postoperative complications.MethodA multicentre, retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients diagnosed with a parastomal hernia between January 2007 and December 2012 were included. Data on baseline characteristics, primary surgery and hernias were collected. For non‐operative treatment, reasons for this treatment and cross‐over rates were evaluated. For all patients undergoing surgery (surgical treatment and cross‐overs), complication and recurrence rates were analysed.ResultsOf the 80 patients included, 42 (53%) were in the surgical treatment group and 38 (48%) in the non‐operative treatment group. Median follow‐up was 46 months (interquartile range 24–72). The reasons for non‐operative treatment were absence of symptoms in 12 patients (32%), comorbidities in nine (24%) and patient preference in three (7.9%). In 14 patients (37%) reasons were not documented. Eight patients (21%) crossed over from non‐operative treatment to surgical treatment, of whom one needed emergency surgery. In 23 patients (55%), parastomal hernia recurred after the original surgical treatment, of whom 21 (91%) underwent additional repair.ConclusionParastomal hernia repair is associated with high recurrence and additional repair rates. Non‐operative treatment has a relatively low cross‐over and emergency surgery rate. Given these data, non‐operative treatment might be a better choice for patients without complaints or with comorbidities.
Renal protection strategies after heart transplantation
Authors: Reichart Daniel , Reichenspurner Hermann , Barten Markus Johannes 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRenal dysfunction caused by calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) nephrotoxicity occurs often and contributes significantly to late mortality after heart transplantation (HTx). Over the last decades, this has prompted many clinical studies in an effort to develop kidney‐protecting immunosuppressive strategies including delayed CNI start, minimization, withdrawal, or even de novo CNI avoidance. In the past, these strategies often failed due to the lack of efficacy. Since 2009, novel CNI‐reducing strategies have been under investigation. These strategies minimize renal damage using induction agents such as antithymocyte globulin and alternative immunosuppressive agents such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors (sirolimus or everolimus) or mycophenolate. This review outlines the recent results of using these renal protection strategies including their drawbacks. We also discuss alternative approaches to optimize individual immunosuppressive therapies after HTx.
Family behaviours that have an impact on the self‐management activities of adults living with Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐synthesis
Authors: Vongmany J. , Luckett T. , Lam L. , Phillips J. L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsTo identify family behaviours that adults with Type 2 diabetes’ perceive as having an impact on their diabetes self‐management.BackgroundResearch suggests that adults with Type 2 diabetes perceive that family members have an important impact on their self‐management; however, it is unclear which family behaviours are perceived to influence self‐management practices.MethodsThis meta‐synthesis identified and synthesized qualitative studies from the databases EMBASE, Medline and CINAHL published between the year 2000 and October 2016. Studies were eligible if they provided direct quotations from adults with Type 2 diabetes, describing the influence of families on their self‐management. This meta‐synthesis adheres to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) statement.ResultsOf the 2606 studies screened, 40 were included. This meta‐synthesis identified that adults with Type 2 diabetes perceive family behaviours to be either: 1) facilitators of diabetes self‐management; 2) barriers to diabetes self‐management; or 3) equivocal behaviours with the potential to both support and/or impede diabetes self‐management. Seven sub‐themes were identified within these themes, including: four facilitator sub‐themes (‘positive care partnerships’; ‘family watchfulness’; ‘families as extrinsic motivator’ and ‘independence from family’); two barrier sub‐themes (‘obstructive behaviours’ and ‘limited capacity for family support’); and one equivocal behaviours subtheme (‘regular reminders and/or nagging’).ConclusionWhile most family behaviours are unambiguously perceived by adults with Type 2 diabetes to act as facilitators of or barriers to self‐management, some behaviours were perceived as being neither clear facilitators nor barriers; these were termed ‘equivocal behaviours’. If the concept of ‘equivocal behaviours’ is confirmed, it may be possible to encourage the adult living with Type 2 diabetes to reframe these behaviours so that they are perceived as enabling their diabetes self‐management.
Cost‐effectiveness of the psycho‐educational blended (group and online) intervention HypoAware compared with usual care for people with Type 1 and insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes with problematic hypoglycaemia: analyses of a cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Wit M. , Rondags S. M. P. A. , van Tulder M. W. , Snoek F. J. , Bosmans J. E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of HypoAware, a blended (group and online) psycho‐educational intervention based on the evidence‐based Blood Glucose Awareness Training, in comparison with usual care in people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes with a high risk of severe hypoglycaemia.MethodsWe performed an economic evaluation, from a societal and healthcare perspective, that used data from a 6‐month, multicentre, cluster‐randomized controlled trial (n = 137).ResultsThe proportion of people with at least one severe hypoglycaemic event per 6 months was 0.22 lower (95% CI –0.39 to –0.06) and the proportion of people with impaired hypoglycaemia awareness was 0.16 lower (95% CI –0.34 to 0.02) in the HypoAware group. There was no difference in quality‐adjusted life‐years (–0.0; 95% CI –0.05 to 0.05). The mean total societal costs in the HypoAware group were EUR708 higher than in the usual care group (95% CI –951 to 2298). The mean incremental cost per severe hypoglycaemic event prevented was EUR2,233. At a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of EUR20,000 per event prevented, the probability that HypoAware was cost‐effective in comparison with usual care was 54% from a societal perspective and 55% from a healthcare perspective. For quality‐adjusted life‐years the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was EUR119,360/quality‐adjusted life‐year gained and the probability of cost‐effectiveness was low at all ceiling ratios.ConclusionsBased on the present study, we conclude that HypoAware is not cost‐effective compared to usual care. Further research in less well‐resourced settings and more severely affected patients is warranted.(Clinical Trials Registry no: Dutch Trial Register NTR4538.)
Misperceiving inequality
Authors: Gimpelson Vladimir , Treisman Daniel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA vast literature suggests that economic inequality has important consequences for politics and public policy. Higher inequality is thought to increase demand for income redistribution in democracies and to discourage democratization and promote class conflict and revolution in dictatorships. Most such arguments crucially assume that ordinary people know how high inequality is, how it has been changing, and where they fit in the income distribution. Using a variety of large, cross‐national surveys, we show that, in recent years, ordinary people have had little idea about such things. What they think they know is often wrong. Widespread ignorance and misperceptions emerge robustly, regardless of data source, operationalization, and measurement method. Moreover, perceived inequality—not the actual level—correlates strongly with demand for redistribution and reported conflict between rich and poor. We suggest that most theories about political effects of inequality need to be reframed as theories about effects of perceived inequality.
Colletotrichum theobromicola causing anthracnose on butia fruits in Brazil
Authors: Dorneles K. R. , Eloy J. , Dallagnol L. J. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryNative fruits of Brazil have received more attention recently due to their organoleptic properties and as sources of secondary metabolites that improve human health. Amongst the native fruit species are Butia spp palms, the fruits of which are consumed raw or processed into juices, jams, liquor and ice cream. In this work, anthracnose was found on fruits from Butia odorata plants. Fruits heavily affected by this condition are considered inappropriate for consumption of raw or use in processed foods. The fungus was identified using morphological and molecular methods as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, phylogenetically close to Colletotrichum theobromicola. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. theobromicola causing anthracnose in Butia species.
Thalamic volume reduction in drug‐naive patients with new‐onset genetic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Perani Suejen , Tierney Tim M. , Centeno Maria , Shamshiri Elhum A. , Yaakub Siti N. , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Carmichael David W. , Richardson Mark P. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjectivePatients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) have subtle morphologic abnormalities of the brain revealed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly in the thalamus. However, it is unclear whether morphologic abnormalities of the brain in GGE are a consequence of repeated seizures over the duration of the disease, or are a consequence of treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), or are independent of these factors. Therefore, we measured brain morphometry in a cohort of AED‐naive patients with GGE at disease onset. We hypothesize that drug‐naive patients at disease onset have gray matter changes compared to age‐matched healthy controls.MethodsWe performed quantitative measures of gray matter volume in the thalamus, putamen, caudate, pallidum, hippocampus, precuneus, prefrontal cortex, precentral cortex, and cingulate in 29 AED‐naive patients with new‐onset GGE and compared them to 32 age‐matched healthy controls. We subsequently compared the shape of any brain structures found to differ in gray matter volume between the groups.ResultsThe thalamus was the only structure to show reduced gray matter volume in AED‐naive patients with new‐onset GGE compared to healthy controls. Shape analysis revealed that the thalamus showed deflation, which was not uniformly distributed, but particularly affected a circumferential strip involving anterior, superior, posterior, and inferior regions with sparing of medial and lateral regions.SignificanceStructural abnormalities in the thalamus are present at the initial onset of GGE in AED‐naive patients, suggesting that thalamic structural abnormality is an intrinsic feature of GGE and not a consequence of AEDs or disease duration.
How to practice person‐centred care: A conceptual framework
Authors: Santana Maria J. , Manalili Kimberly , Jolley Rachel J. , Zelinsky Sandra , Quan Hude , Lu Mingshan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, health‐care systems and organizations are looking to improve health system performance through the implementation of a person‐centred care (PCC) model. While numerous conceptual frameworks for PCC exist, a gap remains in practical guidance on PCC implementation.MethodsBased on a narrative review of the PCC literature, a generic conceptual framework was developed in collaboration with a patient partner, which synthesizes evidence, recommendations and best practice from existing frameworks and implementation case studies. The Donabedian model for health‐care improvement was used to classify PCC domains into the categories of “Structure,” “Process” and “Outcome” for health‐care quality improvement.DiscussionThe framework emphasizes the structural domain, which relates to the health‐care system or context in which care is delivered, providing the foundation for PCC, and influencing the processes and outcomes of care. Structural domains identified include: the creation of a PCC culture across the continuum of care; co‐designing educational programs, as well as health promotion and prevention programs with patients; providing a supportive and accommodating environment; and developing and integrating structures to support health information technology and to measure and monitor PCC performance. Process domains describe the importance of cultivating communication and respectful and compassionate care; engaging patients in managing their care; and integration of care. Outcome domains identified include: access to care and Patient‐Reported Outcomes.ConclusionThis conceptual framework provides a step‐wise roadmap to guide health‐care systems and organizations in the provision PCC across various health‐care sectors.
The effect of agarose content on the morphology, phase evolution, and magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared by sol‐gel autocombustion method
Authors: Rouhani Amir Reza , Esmaeil‐Khanian Amir Hossein , Davar Fatemeh , Hasani Saeed 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHard‐magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were produced with the sol‐gel autocombustion route using agarose and citric acid as a neutral organic gel and combustion agent. For this purpose, the obtained gel is annealed at 800°C for 3 hours and then the spinel structure of the samples was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, the existence of metal‐oxygen complexes in the gel and nanoparticles was investigated by Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectra. Furthermore, FESEM images showed that semispherical and rod‐like particles were obtained by variation in agarose contents. For the rod‐like sample with 2.5 g agarose, the saturation magnetization and coercivity were measured equal to 71.7 emu/g and 10076.84 Oe, respectively.
Stability of the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of five fruit (apple, orange, grape, pomelo and kiwi) juices during in vitro‐simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Quan Wei , Tao Yadan , Lu Mei , Yuan Bo , Chen Jie , Zeng Maomao , Qin Fang , Guo Fengxian , He Zhiyong 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe in vitro digestive stability of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of five kinds of commonly consumed fruit juices in the daily diet, including apple juice (AJ), orange juice (OJ), grape juice (GJ), pomelo juice (PJ) and kiwifruit juice (KJ), were studied. Following in vitro digestion, the total phenolic (TP) content of fruit juices decreased to different extents by 35%, 25.3%, 23.5%, 22.2% and 7.8% for KJ, OJ, PJ, GJ and AJ, respectively. The individual phenolic content showed similar changes to the TP content, showing reductions of naringenin‐trisaccharide in OJ and PJ, epicatechin in GJ, and chlorogenic acid in AJ by 43.74%, 27.59%, 47.11% and 33.28%, respectively. Conversely, the antioxidant capacity of fruit juices during digestion measured by ABTS assay increased from 4.79% to 35.53%, except in KJ, which decreased by 19.34%. These results show the health benefits of fruit juices after processing and contribute towards establishing suitable dietary recommendations.
Retrogradation of partially gelatinised potato starch prepared by ball milling
Authors: Fu Zong‐qiang , Wu Min , Zhang Hai , Wang Jia‐hui 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis study was performed to evaluate the effect of partial gelatinisation on the retrogradation of modified potato starch. The partially gelatinised starches with gelatinisation degree at mean levels of 22.47%, 49.18%, 76.80% and 86.19% were prepared by ball milling (0.5, 1.5, 3 and 10 h). The thermal properties and crystal structure of retrograded starch were examined during 21 days of refrigerated storage at 4 °C. Retrograded starch with high initial gelatinisation degree (86.19%) showed higher retrogradation enthalpy of 6.12 ± 0.18 J g−1 and lower onset temperature of 45.41 ± 0.24 °C than sample with low gelatinisation degree (22.47%) where the results were 1.32 ± 0.18 J g−1 and 54.05 ± 0.03 °C, respectively. During storage, two peaks in the X‐ray diffractograms for starch with high gelatinisation degree appeared and increased rapidly, while the peaks for starch with low gelatinisation degree increased slowly. These results suggest that a certain amount of remainder crystals presented in partially gelatinised starch impeded the retrogradation.
JAK2 V617F mutation can be reliably detected in serum using droplet digital PCR
Authors: Nystrand C. F. , Ghanima W. , Waage A. , Jonassen C. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionDetection of the JAK2 V617F mutation is a key step in the diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Sensitive real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) detection on peripheral blood (PB) is the most widely used method. The main objective of this study was to determine whether serum, the most common material available in archival biobanks, is a good liquid biopsy for detecting and quantifying the JAK2 V617F mutation using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).MethodsPaired PB and serum samples from 66 patients with MPN were used. Serum samples were frozen at −25°C before analysis. DNA was extracted from 200 μL PB and 400 μL serum, and ddPCR analysis was performed.ResultsAmong the 47 patients with detectable mutation in their PB samples, the overall sensitivity for the detection of JAK2 mutation in serum was of 96% (45 of 47); V617F was detected in all cases where mutation load was above 1%. Our results showed very strong correlation between PB and serum (Spearman r: 0.989, P < .0001). Significantly higher allele burden was detected in serum compared to PB (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, Z = −5.672, P < .0001).ConclusionIn our study, JAK2 V617F mutation load as low as 1% was reliably detected in serum using ddPCR.
Cancer stem cells as targets for immunotherapy
Authors: Codd Amy S. , Kanaseki Takayuki , Torigo Toshihiko , Tabi Zsuzsanna 
Published: November 2017

SummaryCurrent cancer therapies target the bulk of the tumour, while a population of highly resistant tumour cells may be able to repopulate the tumour and metastasize to new sites. Cancer cells with such stem cell‐like characteristics can be identified based on their phenotypical and/or functional features which may open up ways for their targeted elimination. In this review we discuss potential off‐target effects of inhibiting cancer stem‐cell self‐renewal pathways on immune cells, and summarize some recent immunological studies specifically targeting cancer stem cells based on their unique antigen expression.
Identifying and addressing sexual health in serious mental illness: Views of mental health staff working in two National Health Service organizations in England
Authors: Hughes Elizabeth , Edmondson Amanda J. , Onyekwe Ijeoma , Quinn Chris , Nolan Fiona 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPeople with serious mental illness (service users) have needs related to sexual health and sexuality, yet these have been poorly addressed in mental health services. In the present study, we report the current practice of mental health professionals in relation to sexual health. Focus groups conducted in two mental health trusts explored routine practice in relation to discussing, assessing, and planning care in relation to sexual health. A thematic analysis identified seven themes: (i) sexual health provision is a complex issue; (ii) mental health staff are aware of sexual health needs; (iii) current provision regarding sexual health is ‘neglected’; (iv) barriers to sexual health provision; (v) enabling a discussion around sexual health; (vi) sexual health provision is a role for mental health professionals; and (vii) training needs. Mental health staff are aware of complex issues related to sexual health for service users, but this is mainly seen through the lens of risk management and safeguarding. We need to develop the mental health workforce to be able to incorporate sexual health into routine health care.