bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Six-year change in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T with subsequent stroke risk in the general population
Authors: Meng Qiguo , Gan Xiaoqin , Zu Cheng , Zhang Yuanyuan , He Panpan , Ye Ziliang , Su Xinyue , Wei Yuanxiu , Qin Xianhui 
Published: September 2024

Background
The association between change in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and stroke risk in the general population remains unknown. We aimed to assess the association of a 6-year change in hs-cTnT with incident stroke and its subtypes in the general American adult population.

Methods
8675 middle-aged adults without prevalent cardiovascular disease from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study were included. Hs-cTnT was measured at two time points (visits 2 and 4), 6 years apart. The relative percentage change of hs-cTnT was defined as hs-cTnT at visit 4 minus that at visit 2, divided by hs-cTnT at visit 2. The study outcome was incident stroke and its subtypes. All data were analysed in 2023.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 20.1 years, 682 incident strokes occurred, including 593 ischaemic and 89 haemorrhagic strokes. For absolute change, using low/low group as reference category, the low/high (adjusted HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.02) and high/high (adjusted HR 1.47, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.34) groups were associated with higher risk of stroke. Moreover, the relative percentage change in hs-cTnT with stroke followed an inverted L-shaped association, levelling off at about 75% increase in hs-cTnT (P for nonlinearity=0.009). Compared with those with ≤50% change in hs-cTnT, participants with >50% increase in hs-cTnT had a higher risk of stroke (adjusted HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.64). Similar results were found for ischaemic stroke. No significant association was found for haemorrhagic stroke.

Conclusion
Temporal increase in hs-cTnT was associated with a higher risk of incident total and ischaemic stroke in the general population.
Directional deep brain stimulation electrodes in Parkinson’s disease: meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Hvingelby Victor , Khalil Fareha , Massey Flavia , Hoyningen Alexander , Xu San San , Candelario-McKeown Joseph , Akram Harith , Foltynie Thomas , Limousin Patricia , Zrinzo Ludvic , Krüger Marie T 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundSince their introduction in 2015, directional leads have practically replaced conventional leads for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Yet, the benefits of directional DBS (dDBS) over omnidirectional DBS (oDBS) remain unclear. This meta-analysis and systematic review compares the literature on dDBS and oDBS for PD.MethodsPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Database searches included Pubmed, Cochrane (CENTRAL) and EmBase, using relevant keywords such as ‘directional’, ‘segmented’, ‘brain stimulation’ and ‘neuromodulation’. The screening was based on the title and abstract.Results23 papers reporting on 1273 participants (1542 leads) were included. The therapeutic window was 0.70 mA wider when using dDBS (95% CI 0.13 to 1.26 mA, p=0.02), with a lower therapeutic current (0.41 mA, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.54 mA, p=0.01) and a higher side-effect threshold (0.56 mA, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.73 mA, p<0.01). However, there was no relevant difference in mean Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III change after dDBS (45.8%, 95% CI 30.7% to 60.9%) compared with oDBS (39.0%, 95% CI 36.9% to 41.2%, p=0.39), in the medication-OFF state. Median follow-up time for dDBS and oDBS studies was 6 months and 3 months, respectively (range 3–12 for both). The use of directionality often improves dyskinesia, dysarthria, dysesthesia and pyramidal side effects. Directionality was used in 55% of directional leads at 3–6 months, remaining stable over time (56% at a mean of 14.1 months).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that stimulation parameters favour dDBS. However, these do not appear to have a significant impact on motor scores, and the availability of long-term data is limited. dDBS is widely accepted, but clinical data justifying its increased complexity and cost are currently sparse.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023438056.
Impact of non-thermal phase-space distributions on dark matter abundance in secluded sectors
Authors: Beauchesne Hugues , Chiang Cheng-Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMany new physics models include secluded sectors that interact little with the Standard Model and whose internal interactions control the dark matter abundance. If these same interactions are responsible for maintaining kinematic equilibrium within the secluded sector, it is possible that the phase-space distributions will differ considerably from their thermal values during freeze-out. This can potentially result in deviations of the dark matter abundance from that computed under the assumption of thermal distributions. In this paper, we revisit dark matter abundance computations for a benchmark secluded sector by numerically tracking the phase-space distributions. Namely, we show that the dark matter abundance can deviate considerably from standard results during the freeze-out process, but that a longer period of annihilation ultimately leaves only a slight excess.
On the automorphisms of the Drinfeld modular groups
Authors: Mason A. W. , Schweizer Andreas 
Published: September 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be the ring of elements in an algebraic function field [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text] which are integral outside a fixed place [Formula: see text]. In contrast to the classical modular group [Formula: see text] and the Bianchi groups, the Drinfeld modular group [Formula: see text] is not finitely generated and its automorphism group [Formula: see text] is uncountable. Except for the simplest case [Formula: see text] not much is known about the generators of [Formula: see text] or even its structure. We find a set of generators of [Formula: see text] for a new case. On the way, we show that every automorphism of [Formula: see text] acts on both the cusps and the elliptic points of [Formula: see text]. Generalizing a result of Reiner for [Formula: see text] we describe for each cusp an uncountable subgroup of [Formula: see text] whose action on [Formula: see text] is essentially defined on the stabilizer of that cusp. In the case where [Formula: see text] (the degree of [Formula: see text]) is [Formula: see text], the elliptic points are related to the isolated vertices of the quotient graph [Formula: see text] of the Bruhat–Tits tree. We construct an infinite group of automorphisms of [Formula: see text] which fully permutes the isolated vertices with cyclic stabilizer.
Training Workers for the Future Through Tripartite Partnerships
Authors:   Harvard Business Review Analytic Services
Published: September 2024

As companies plan for the future of work, one key challenge is ensuring they have workers with relevant skills in order to thrive in the years ahead. A major driver of this challenge is that new digital technologies are quickly rendering some workers’ skills obsolete and shortening the half-life of others. Artificial intelligence, automation, and other advances are also forcing executives to reconsider which roles humans are best suited to and which skills they will need to support companies’ digital ambitions. Answering these questions effectively will ensure companies have the talent to stay competitive and seize new opportunities for growth and profitability.
Global Prevalence of Perinatal Depression and Its Determinants Among Rural Women: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Pan Ting , Zeng Yi , Chai Xiaoni , Wen Zhang , Tan Xiangmin , Sun Mei 
Published: September 2024

Background: Perinatal depression (PND) in low‐resource areas is a significant concern that imposes a substantial burden on both families and societies. Although many studies have explored rural PND, there is a lack of systematic synthesis of the existing research. This study aimed to estimate the global prevalence of PND among rural women and to summarize its determinants.Methods: Comprehensively electronic searches were performed across eight English databases. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of the study and extracted the relevant data. Any inconsistencies were resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. Prevalence estimates were calculated using a random‐effects meta‐analysis model. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta‐regression were employed to examine the source of heterogeneity. In addition, a narrative synthesis of the influence factors reported in the included studies was provided.Results: The search identified 17,810 studies, of which 86 were included in the analyses. The pooled prevalence of PND in rural areas was 22.1% (95% CI 19.0%–25.3%, p < 0.001, I2 = 99.2%). Subgroup analyses indicated higher PND prevalence in low‐income (24.5%) and lower middle‐income countries (22.8%). Additionally, PND prevalence was greater when assessed using self‐reported screening instruments (22.8%) compared to diagnostic interviews (17.6%). Major risk factors included violence, antenatal psychiatric disorder, low family income, male‐child preference, and food insecurity, while positive social support and higher levels of education were protective factors.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the prevalence of PND is higher in rural areas compared to global data, particularly in low‐income and lower middle‐income countries. To improve rural maternal mental health, it is essential to develop measures targeting modifiable risk factors for PND, including promoting gender equality, implementing antiviolence initiatives, and strengthening economic support systems. Addressing these factors can help reduce the burden of PND and enhance the well‐being of mothers in rural communities.
Advanced Human Papillomavirus–Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Unmet Need and Emerging Therapies
Authors: Park Robin , Chung Christine H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Despite notable progress in the treatment of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), survival remains poor in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) human papillomavirus (HPV)–negative HNSCC. Worse outcomes in patients who are HPV-negative may be partly related to loss of cell-cycle regulators and tumor suppressors as well as a noninflamed and hypoxic tumor microenvironment, both of which contribute to treatment resistance and disease progression. Anti–programmed cell death protein 1–based regimens as current standard-of-care treatment for R/M HNSCC are associated with durable responses in a limited number of patients. The anti-EGFR mAb, cetuximab, has antitumor activity in this treatment setting, but responses are short-lived and inevitably curtailed due to treatment resistance. Crosstalk between the EGFR and hepatocyte growth factor–dependent mesenchymal–epithelial transition (c-MET) receptor tyrosine kinase pathway is a known mechanism of resistance to cetuximab. Dual targeting of EGFR and c-MET pathways may overcome resistance to cetuximab in patients with HPV-negative HNSCC. Here, we review clinical data of treatments evaluated in patients with R/M HPV-negative HNSCC and highlight the potential role of combining hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET and EGFR pathway inhibitors to overcome cetuximab resistance in this population.
Small-Molecule CCR4 Antagonists in Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Enriquez José S. , Wang Xiaohong , Velatooru Loka Reddy , Han Wei , Bijani Pedram , Ni Xiao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are two most common types of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Despite advances in understanding the pathogenesis of MF and SS, effective treatments remain limited. CC chemokine receptor-4 (CCR4) is highly expressed on CTCL cells and serves as a great therapeutic target. Mogamulizumab, an FDA-approved anti-CCR4 antibody, has shown efficacy in treating MF/SS; however, its side effects have raised concerns, underscoring the need for more effective and less toxic CCR4-targeted therapies. Although small-molecule CCR4 antagonists have been studied in other diseases involving CCR4+ Th2 cells and regulatory T cells, their effects in CTCL have not been previously explored. This study assessed the effects of two small-molecule CCR4 antagonists: C021 (class-I) and AZD-2098 (class-II) in MF-derived cell line (MJ) and SS-derived cell line (HuT 78) in vitro and in vivo. As per results, both C021 and AZD-2098 inhibited chemotactic responses to CCL17 and CCL22 in MJ and HuT 78 cells. However, only C021 downregulated CCR4 expression, inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, and decreased colony formation in MJ and HuT 78 cells in vitro. Furthermore, only C021 inhibited tumor growth in CTCL xenograft mice in vivo. These findings suggest that class-I CCR4 antagonists such as C021 exert more potent antitumor effects on CTCL cells in vitro and in vivo than do class-II CCR4 antagonists like AZD-2098, highlighting their potential for clinical application.

Significance:
Our findings are of interest to readers because they bring new evidence that small-molecule CCR4 antagonists may be an alternative therapeutic strategy to target CCR4+ CTCL cells. They may inhibit CCR4 function but not eradicate cells, so the side effects may be avoided or minimized.
Combining the benefits of 3D acquisitions and spiral readouts for VASO fMRI at UHF
Authors: Monreal-Madrigal Alejandro , Kurban Denizhan , Huber Laurentius , Ivanov Dimo , Boulant Nicolas , Poser Benedikt A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a slice-saturation slab-inversion VASO (SS-SI-VASO) sequence with a 3D stack-of-spirals readout implemented in Pulseq and show that it can accurately capture changes in cerebral blood volume. Its performance is compared to a state-of-the-art SS-SI-VASO sequence with a 3D EPI readout. We observed an increase in tSNR and improvement in z-scores in spiral compared to 3D EPI acquisition, demonstrating that spiral readouts are suitable for CBV-weighted laminar fMRI. Additionally, we found an increase in sensitivity and relative specificity with the proposed method using spiral readouts, compared to EPI readouts. Several correction approaches were employed in the spiral reconstruction to improve image quality. Incidentally, BOLD contrast in the proposed short-TE spirals is almost as high as that of the 3D EPI at longer TE. In this work, we demonstrate that spiral readouts are promising, especially in applications where there is a need for short TE, such as mesoscopic fMRI at higher fields. The vendor-agnostic Pulseq implementation of VASO, together with an open-source reconstruction framework, aims at increasing the availability and utilization of VASO in high-resolution fMRI experiments.
Protecting the Ocean in the Contemporary International Order: Capacity-Building and Technology Transfer from the Stockholm Declaration to the BBNJ Agreement
Authors: Derrig Ríán , Grainger Carl , Hassanali Kahlil , Bateh Fuad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article traces the concepts of capacity-building and technology transfer from the Stockholm Declaration and London Convention of 1972, through the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and its three implementing agreements of 1994, 1995, and 2023. These instruments suggest a story of changing ideas about how capacity-building and technology transfer should relate to protecting and using our ocean. With a view to informing contemporary efforts to use law to protect and use our ocean sustainably, the article concludes with a review of the capacity-building and technology transfer provisions of the 2023 Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement to highlight how law has been used to leverage funding for these activities, and how they could again be viewed as part of an agenda for global economic equality.
Japan’s Release of Wastewater from Fukushima: What Role for the Law of the Sea?
Authors: Lee Seokwoo , Schofield Clive 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In March 2011, a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered a tsunami leading to a nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. A consequence of this accident was the accumulation of contaminated wastewater at the nuclear power plant. Japan’s announcement that, following treatment, this wastewater would be released into the ocean over a 30-year period from 2023 raised environmental concerns. This article provides background context to this issue, briefly notes how certain environmental instruments are not applicable, before discussing the potential relevance of the international law of the sea.
Effective Implementation of the Stockholm Declaration and the London Convention Regime on Dumping: Dynamically Incorporating the Development of the Concept of Environment in the Twenty-First Century into the LOSC
Authors: Kanehara Atsuko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) has an established dynamism by which it can incorporate newly developed concepts concerning the environment and environmental harms. This dynamism consists of two methods that function in conjunction with each other: horizontal and vertical. Horizontal development of the LOSC is realised by its interplay with treaties and international documents, particularly under Part XII. Vertical development takes place within each treaty regime through protocols and annexes, and amendments thereto. Vertical development of the London Convention regime on dumping can support the horizontal development of the LOSC. For that purpose, precise assessment as to whether newly emerging matters fall under the London Convention regime, being mindful of its objects and purposes, is critically important. From this perspective, Japan’s discharge of treated water containing tritium from land, which is not dumping, falls outside the London Convention regime on dumping.
Foreword to the Special Issue on Protecting the Ocean: the London Convention and Stockholm Declaration at Fifty
Authors: Domínguez Arsenio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The foreword to this special issue of 19 short articles, a result of the International Maritime Organization-World Maritime University International Academic Conference, held in Malmö, Sweden, from 10–13 October 2022 to mark the fiftieth anniversaries of the 1972 Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention) and the 1972 Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm Declaration).
‘Can You Hear Me? Are We Live Yet?’: An Autoethnography of Online Live Music Performances amid the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Anacin Carljohnson 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Because of the Covid-19 pandemic, artists could not perform live at music venues, and online performance on social media platforms has become an ordinary event. This transition from the physical stage to virtual platforms benefited many artists and audiences. However, it has also raised some questions about the music industry and its impacts on musicians. Through an autoethnographic analysis of my experience as an independent Filipino musician delivering livestreamed performances during the pandemic, this paper analyzes the constraints – personal, technological, and performative – on musicians in doing online gigs on social media. I also show the relationship between these constraints and the larger issues of inequality and vulnerability among musicians. The discussion is reflexive, as it presents the sociological underpinnings of online gigs by amateur and independent musicians. The paper also describes opportunities and inequalities created by online livestreaming, especially during the pandemic.
An Early Stage of Ismaʿili Studies: The Correspondence between Paul Kraus and Wladimir Ivanow (1934–1939, 1943)
Authors: Schmidtke Sabine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an annotated edition of the extant epistolary exchange between Wladimir Ivanow and Paul Kraus during the years 1934 through 1939, with an additional final letter in 1943. The letters not only provide new insights into the scholarly biographies of both scholars but also shed some new light on an early stage of Ismaʿili studies.
The Combined Link of the Indian Ocean Dipole and ENSO with the North Atlantic–European Circulation during Early Boreal Winter in Reanalysis and the ECMWF SEAS5 Hindcast
Authors: Raganato Alessandro , Abid Muhammad Adnan , Kucharski Fred 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During early boreal winter, the extratropical atmospheric circulation is influenced by Rossby waves propagating from the Indian Ocean toward the North Atlantic–European (NAE) regions, resulting in a North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like pattern. The mechanisms driving these teleconnections are not well understood and are crucial for improving model skills. This study investigates these mechanisms using the ERA5 dataset and tests the predictive capabilities of the ECMWF SEAS5, exploring potential reasons for a weak model response. Linear regression methods are employed to examine the extratropical links with the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), both in isolation and in combination with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Our findings demonstrate a connection between October IOD sea surface temperature anomalies and December Indian Ocean precipitation patterns. Furthermore, a correlation between the October IOD and December NAO time series suggests a link between the IOD and NAE circulation. The early winter European response to a positive IOD is characterized by a north–south precipitation dipole and a large positive surface air temperature anomaly. Positive feedback from transient eddy forcing reinforces the wavenumber-3-like propagation across extratropical regions, with ENSO playing a minor role compared to the IOD. This phenomenon is particularly evident in regions such as the North Pacific and North Atlantic, where wave energy propagation is intensified. Although SEAS5 replicates the NAO response, its magnitude is significantly weaker. The model struggles to simulate the delayed rainfall dipole response to the IOD accurately and shows structural discrepancies compared to reanalysis data.