bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incisional negative pressure wound therapy dressings (iNPWTd) in routine primary hip and knee arthroplasties
Authors: Karlakki S. L. , Hamad A. K. , Whittall C. , Graham N. M. , Banerjee R. D. , Kuiper J. H. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives Wound complications are reported in up to 10% hip and knee arthroplasties and there is a proven association between wound complications and deep prosthetic infections. In this randomised controlled trial (RCT) we explore the potential benefits of a portable, single use, incisional negative pressure wound therapy dressing (iNPWTd) on wound exudate, length of stay (LOS), wound complications, dressing changes and cost-effectiveness following total hip and knee arthroplasties. Methods A total of 220 patients undergoing elective primary total hip and knee arthroplasties were recruited into in a non-blinded RCT. For the final analysis there were 102 patients in the study group and 107 in the control group. Results An improvement was seen in the study (iNPWTd) group compared to control in all areas. Peak post-surgical wound exudate was significantly reduced (p = 0.007). Overall LOS reduction (0.9 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.2 to 2.5) was not significant (p = 0.07) but there was a significant reduction in patients with extreme values of LOS in the iNPWTd group (Moses test, p = 0.003). There was a significantly reduced number of dressing changes (mean difference 1.7, 95% CI 0.8 to 2.5, p = 0.002), and a trend to a significant four-fold reduction in reported post-operative surgical wound complications (8.4% control; 2.0% iNPWTd, p = 0.06). Conclusions Based on the results of this RCT incisional negative pressure wound therapy dressings have a beneficial role in patients undergoing primary hip and knee arthroplasty to achieve predictable length of stay, especially to eliminate excessive hospital stay, and minimise wound complications. Cite this article: S. L. Karlakki, A. K. Hamad, C. Whittall, N. M. Graham, R. D. Banerjee, J. H. Kuiper. Incisional negative pressure wound therapy dressings (iNPWTd) in routine primary hip and knee arthroplasties: A randomised controlled trial. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:328–337. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.58.BJR-2016-0022.R1
Large-diameter total hip arthroplasty modular heads require greater assembly forces for initial stability
Authors: MacLeod A. R. , Sullivan N. P. T. , Whitehouse M. R. , Gill H. S. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesModular junctions are ubiquitous in contemporary hip arthroplasty. The head-trunnion junction is implicated in the failure of large diameter metal-on-metal (MoM) hips which are the currently the topic of one the largest legal actions in the history of orthopaedics (estimated costs are stated to exceed $4 billion). Several factors are known to influence the strength of these press-fit modular connections. However, the influence of different head sizes has not previously been investigated. The aim of the study was to establish whether the choice of head size influences the initial strength of the trunnion-head connection.Materials and MethodsTi-6Al-4V trunnions (n = 60) and two different sizes of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) heads (28 mm and 36 mm; 30 of each size) were used in the study. Three different levels of assembly force were considered: 4 kN; 5 kN; and 6 kN (n = 10 each). The strength of the press-fit connection was subsequently evaluated by measuring the pull-off force required to break the connection. The statistical differences in pull-off force were examined using a Kruskal–Wallis test and two-sample Mann–Whitney U test. Finite element and analytical models were developed to understand the reasons for the experimentally observed differences.Results36 mm diameter heads had significantly lower pull-off forces than 28 mm heads when impacted at 4 kN and 5 kN (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), but not at 6 kN (p = 0.21). Mean pull-off forces at 4 kN and 5 kN impaction forces were approximately 20% larger for 28 mm heads compared with 36 mm heads. Finite element and analytical models demonstrate that the differences in pull-off strength can be explained by differences in structural rigidity and the resulting interface pressures.ConclusionThis is the first study to show that 36 mm Co-Cr heads have up to 20% lower pull-off connection strength compared with 28 mm heads for equivalent assembly forces. This effect is likely to play a role in the high failure rates of large diameter MoM hips. Cite this article: A. R. MacLeod, N. P. T. Sullivan, M. R. Whitehouse, H. S. Gill. Large-diameter total hip arthroplasty modular heads require greater assembly forces for initial stability. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:338–346. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.58.BJR-2016-0044.R1.
Lenin in Cabaret Voltaire
Authors: Hutchinson Mark 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The distinction between modernism and the avant-garde needs to be maintained: while modernism seeks the new in art, the avant-garde seeks the negation of art in parallel with social revolution. And while the relationship between revolutionary politics and revolutionary art is not reciprocal, they share a temporality precisely inasmuch as the avant-garde is dependent upon social revolution in order to bring about the circumstances in which art and life can both be transformed. This article looks at the formation of Dada in its proximity to social revolution and the parallel processes of withdrawal and negation they share.
In advance of a broken attestant, or where is art’s critical subject?
Authors: Fitton Ben 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Two concurrent understandings of criticality in art assign it as a potential property of artworks themselves, or bemoan it as lacking in art’s audiences. This division can be traced to its roots in the Romantic conception of criticality, in which the critical procedure completes an unfinished work. This act of completion, and an accompanying conception of transformatory potential, is generally held to occur in the presence of a primary audience: an idea that is undermined by recent attributions of critical force to non-present secondary audiences. This article traces these orientations of thought as they structure recent approaches to practice, then offers an example of a mode of practice that refuses to attribute any critical or transformatory capacity to either its original material effects or a primary audience. Any critical or transformatory force is played out as the work propagates and adjusts itself in its afterlife.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Campbell Thomas , Charlesworth Amy , Mahony Emma , Spencer Catherine , Hope Sophie , Gao Yun 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
ELECTRONIC SUPERHIGHWAY 2016–1966, THE WHITECHAPEL GALLERY, LONDON, 29 JANUARY–15 MAY 2016
KERRY GUINAN, LIBERATE ART POLITICAL PROGRAMME AND PRESS RELEASE EVENT, TEMPLE BAR GALLERY AND STUDIOS, DUBLIN, 15 FEBRUARY 2016
TOMORROW WAS A MONTAGE, COOPER GALLERY, DUNCAN OF JORDANSTONE COLLEGE OF ART AND DESIGN, 30 OCTOBER– 18 DECEMBER 2015
DISOBEDIENT OBJECTS, VICTORIA AND ALBERT MUSEUM, LONDON, 26 JULY 2014–1 FEBRUARY 2015
Blindness and ambivalence: The meeting of Media Ecology and Philosophy of Technology
Authors: Van Den Eede Yoni 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article sets the stage for a meeting between the fields of Media Ecology (ME) and the contemporary Philosophy of Technology (PhilTech), hence introducing the special issue ‘Philosophy of Technology & Media Ecology’. First, both fields are briefly introduced. Second, contemporary PhilTech is elaborated upon more substantially. Third, a framework is set in place, circling around the notions of ‘ambivalence’ and ‘blindness’ – strongly represented in PhilTech and ME, respectively – to guide the discussion to follow. Fourth and finally, a short overview of the contributions in this volume is offered.
Mapping the mind: A technophilosophical probe
Authors: MacDougall Robert C. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article describes a long-standing conceptual impasse regarding the ontological status of ‘mind’ at least since the time of Descartes. While this impasse finds root in a problematic mind-body dualism, a more recent and tenacious scientific preoccupation seeks to locate representational features of memory, cognition and consciousness in the biological substrate of the brain. The emergence and utility of a non-representational theory is then discussed as an alternative to the representational theory. The article concludes by proffering a new mapping or ‘topography of mind’ which points to the return of a peculiar species of representationalism. However, this much more nuanced and non-localized theory suggests that the nature and extent of mind has shifted through time, and in predictable ways, in a world increasingly constituted by technologies of various kinds.
Alvah Bessie’s battle of words to save Spain from fascism
Authors: Scamardo Randal 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article discusses Alvah Bessie’s journey from a struggling but gifted writer to an outcast of popular culture. Bessie’s Communist Party affiliation was a consequence of his political tendency towards social justice and was fortified by his experience in the Spanish Civil War, but was less substantial than his radicalization or fixation on subsequent events in Spain throughout the twentieth century. Presented in a biographical context, this article uses several forgotten and unpublished writings by Bessie from his archives and private family collections, together with more accessible works. What he saw in Spain enhanced his radical politics, which became his principal preoccupation. This article deals more specifically with this than any previously written. His strong opposition to fascism took him to Hollywood where he worked on propaganda supporting the war effort. While the film industry quickly discarded him, Bessie never relinquished his fight to free Spain from fascism and maintain public awareness beyond its borders of corresponding forces of oppression outside of that country.
Book Reviews
Authors: Allum Stefanie , Ugalde Esther Gimeno , Blakeley Georgina 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Contemporary Hispanic Cinema: Interrogating the Transnational in Spanish and Latin American Film, Stephanie Dennison (2013) Woodbridge: Tamesis, 244 pp., ISBN: 9781855662612, h/bk, £60.00
Desenfocadas. Cineastas espaÒolas y discursos de género, Barbara Zecchi (2014) Barcelona: Icaria, 248 pp., ISBN: 9788498885682, p/bk, 18 €
A New Course for Spain: Beyond the Crisis, William Chislett (2016) Madrid, Real Instituto Elcano de Estudios Internacionales y Estratégicos, 204 pp.
Acute arterial baroreflex‐mediated changes in plasma catecholamine concentrations in a chronic rat model of myocardial infarction
Authors: Kawada Toru , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Li Meihua , Zheng Can , Turner Michael J. , Shirai Mikiyasu , Sugimachi Masaru 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhile it may be predictable that plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentration changes with efferent sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in response to baroreceptor pressure inputs, an exact relationship between SNA and plasma NE concentration remains to be quantified in heart failure. We examined acute baroreflex‐mediated changes in plasma NE and epinephrine (Epi) concentrations in normal control (NC) rats and rats with myocardial infarction (MI) (n = 6 each). Plasma NE concentration correlated linearly with SNA in the NC group (slope: 2.17 ± 0.26 pg mL−1 %−1, intercept: 20.0 ± 18.2 pg mL−1) and also in the MI group (slope: 19.20 ± 6.45 pg mL−1 %−1, intercept: −239.6 ± 200.0 pg mL−1). The slope was approximately nine times higher in the MI than in the NC group (P < 0.01). Plasma Epi concentration positively correlated with SNA in the NC group (slope: 1.65 ± 0.79 pg mL−1 %−1, intercept: 115.0 ± 69.5 pg mL−1) and also in the MI group (slope: 7.74 ± 2.20 pg mL−1 %−1, intercept: 24.7 ± 120.1 pg mL−1). The slope was approximately 4.5 times higher in the MI than in the NC group (P < 0.05). Intravenous administration of desipramine (1 mg kg−1) significantly increased plasma NE concentration but decreased plasma Epi concentration in both groups, suggesting that neuronal NE uptake had contributed to the reduction in plasma NE concentration. These results indicate that high levels of plasma catecholamine in MI rats were still under the influence of baroreflex‐mediated changes in SNA, and may provide additional rationale for applying baroreflex activation therapy in patients with chronic heart failure.
Bidirectional variability in motor cortex excitability modulation following 1 mA transcranial direct current stimulation in healthy participants
Authors: Strube Wolfgang , Bunse Tilmann , Nitsche Michael A. , Nikolaeva Alexandra , Palm Ulrich , Padberg Frank , Falkai Peter , Hasan Alkomiet 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDue to the high interindividual response variability following transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), it is apparent that further research of the long‐lasting effects of the stimulation technique is required. We aimed to investigate interindividual variability following anodal tDCS and cathodal tDCS in a large‐scale prospective cross‐over study. Motor cortex physiology measurements were obtained using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in 59 healthy participants comparing motor‐evoked potential (MEP) magnitudes following two tDCS paradigms: 1 mA anodal tDCS for 13 min and 1 mA cathodal tDCS for 9 min. Analysis compared MEP changes over time for both polarities. Additionally, we applied hierarchical cluster analysis to assess the dynamics of poststimulation changes. Overall, anodal tDCS resulted in a significant increase in corticospinal excitability lasting for 40 min poststimulation, whereas cathodal tDCS did not alter corticospinal excitability. Cluster analysis revealed for cathodal tDCS both a cluster showing significant stable MEP reduction and a second cluster displaying MEP increase over time. Two diametrical clusters were also found for anodal tDCS. Regardless of polarity, individuals with MEP increase following stimulation showed steeper cortical recruitment curves compared to the clusters with decreased MEP magnitudes. The observed findings confirm a bidirectional modulation of corticospinal excitability following 1 mA tDCS in separate subgroups and the relationship to cortical recruitment.
The Economic Consequences of the Mexican Drug War
Authors: Balmori de la Miyar Jose Roberto 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMilitary crackdowns often disrupt economic development by exacerbating violence. This paper examines the case of the Mexican Drug War, employing synthetic control methods. To prove causality, I use variation on statewide military operations, as well as the rollout of the war. Findings indicate a decrease in GDP per capita equal to 0.5%, in states with military operations. Determinants by which the Mexican Drug War hampered economic development include a proportional reduction in consumption per capita, and a decline in productive investment of at least 0.3%, driven by a drop of 3.2% in commercial credit granted to businesses.
How Europe can Benefit from Immigration-Related “Diversity” – a Policy Paper
Authors: Zanfrini Laura 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article is based on a selection of the findings and insights emerging from “DIVERSE,” diversity improvement as a viable enrichment resource for society and economy, a research-project realized with the aim of contributing to “reinvent” the European migrants’ integration model, in order to sustain both the positive interethnic coexistence and the long-term development of European societies. Implemented from January 2014 to June 2015 in 10 EU countries – Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden –, characterized by very different migration experiences, the project had identified three major levers to maximize migrants’ potential contribution: (1) enhancing the recognition of migrants’ skills, knowledge and competences (here after: SKC); (2) promoting the awareness of the advantages provided by the implementation of diversity management (here after DM) practices; (3) improving migrants’ civic and voluntary involvement. After a presentation of the theoretical premises on which the project was based (Sections 1–2) and the description of the project activities (Section 3), the article will focus on both the major impacts and the critical insights emerged in relation of each lever (Section 4); finally, it will develop some policy implications in order to make these levers crucial components of a wider strategy aimed at benefiting from immigration-related “diversity,” reinforcing both the economic competitiveness and the social cohesion of European society (Section 5).
Influence of micron size aluminum particles on the aging properties and wear resistance of epoxy resin coatings
Authors: Zhai Zhe , Feng Lajun , Zhou Shasha , Li Guangzhao , Lou Hong , Liu Zheng 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In this work, an unoxidized aluminum particle/epoxy composite coating was used to cover the surface of pure epoxy resin to reduce the loss of strength after water-heat aging and to improve the wear resistance. The samples were maintained in a water bath at 80°C for 100 days to accelerate the aging process. After water-heat aging, the tensile and bending strengths of the pure epoxy samples were reduced from 30 MPa and 60 MPa, respectively, to 26 MPa and 55 MPa, respectively. However, the tensile and bending strengths of the sample with 6 wt.% aluminum particles were reduced from 39 MPa and 95 MPa to 36 MPa and 89 MPa, respectively. The sample with 6 wt.% aluminum particles exhibited the lowest tensile and bending strength loss rates, 7.2% and 6.1%, respectively, which were 37.4% and 40.8% lower, respectively, than those of the pure epoxy. Additionally, the wear rate and friction coefficient of the samples with 6 wt.% aluminum particles were 2.5×10-6 cm3/min·N and 0.415, respectively, corresponding to a reduction of 35.9% and 30.0%, respectively, compared with the pure epoxy. Thus, it was found that the addition of unoxidized aluminum particles can efficiently increase the water-heat aging resistance and wear resistance of epoxy resin.
The effect of casting solution composition on surface structure and performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PVDF/MWCNTs) hybrid membranes prepared via vapor induced phase separation
Authors: Li Nana , Chang Zhe , Zhao Xiuzhen , Xiao Changfa 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In this work, the poly(vinylidene fluoride)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PVDF/MWCNTs) hybrid membranes were obtained through vapor induced phase separation (VIPS). In addition, the effects of solution composition on crystal behavior, elemental composite, morphology and hydrophilicity of membranes surface and the viscosity of casting solution were analyzed. The results of field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the rough porous surface could be built in all hybrid membranes due to the slower double diffusion mechanism of the VIPS process, which also provided enough time for MWCNTs to move to the surface and be enriched there, to ensure the lowest surface free energy. Furthermore, other analysis displayed that both adding tiny amounts of MWCNTs and a low concentration of PVDF were favorable to the growth and aggregation of PVDF, which were put down to the adverse effect of hydrophobic MWCNTs on the thermodynamic compatibility of polar casting solution, the less nucleation points and the good fluidity with lower concentration of polymer. Then, the diameter of PVDF spherical particles and the membrane surface roughness increased, whereas the hydrophilicity of membrane surface declined effectively.
Risks for Workers Handling Solid Oral Doses: Development of a Tool to Improve Personal Protection
Authors: Sgarioto Amandine , Aupee Olivier , Simon Laurent , Ginestet Hélène , Armand-Branger Sophie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHandling of pharmaceutical specialities is required before its distribution or administration. Unpackaging and repackaging solid oral doses (SOD) in pharmacy settings; crushing, pills fragmenting or capsules opening inside care units may expose nurses and pharmacy dispensers to chemical contamination according to three recent North American studies. In the absence of a regulatory framework the application of the “principle of precaution” implies at first an analysis of the medication circuit and then the implementation of protective measures to prevent healthcare workers from contamination. Comparison of professional recommendations published in other countries allowed us to select a group of protective methods. We gathered these technical and organisational methods to compose a matrix of recommendations intended to hospital staff involved in SOD handling. This tool aims to improve the development of good manufacturing practices (GMP). It combines the issue of personal protection with other criteria such as quality, efficiency and safety of a medication.
Welchen Beitrag können Public Health Nutrition Studiengänge für die Gesundheitswissenschaften leisten?
Authors: Kohlenberg-Müller Kathrin 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Die weltweite Zunahme nichtübertragbarer Erkrankungen (NCDs) steht in engem Zusammenhang zu Ernährung und Lebensstil. Public Health Nutrition Studiengänge setzen hier an und beschäftigen sich aus der Perspektive der Ernährungswissenschaften mit der Verbesserung der Gesundheit der Bevölkerung durch Krankheitsverhütung und Gesundheitsförderung. Damit wird über diesen fachwissenschaftlichen Zugang das Interesse an neuen Erkenntnissen in die Gesundheitswissenschaften eingebracht.
Advances in airlift reactors: modified design and optimization of operation conditions
Authors: Zhang Tao , We Chaohai , Ren Yuan , Feng Chunhua , Wu Haizhen 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Airlift reactor (ALR) is a promising multiphase reactor for industrial applications. Abundant reports about modifications of the conventional ALR and optimization of their operation conditions for the purpose of performance enhancement have been accumulated in literatures, demanding a review paper to summarize the reactor design modifications and operation condition optimization of the ALR. In this review, the published research findings and results have been summarized. The basic concepts including the ALRs’ conventional design, classification, principles of operation, and characteristic parameters have been analyzed and systematically organized. The updated advances in the ALR design modifications have been reported. In particular, the concepts of the “groveled ALR” solving the scaling up problem in wastewater treatment, large-scale application, and the ALR with the cross-shaped geometry modifier stabilizing and strengthening the reactor were considered. Also, new operation modes and optimal conditions for enhancing the performance of the ALR have also been summed up. Except for conventional gas-driven methods, new driven methods for the ALR, such as mixture emission of the gas and the liquid and gas-inducing impeller, have been introduced. Optimization of operation conditions for the ALR includes varying position of the gas spargers, utilizing elevated pressure reactor, and exploring the impact of operation parameters, such as superficial gas velocity, static liquid level, and fluid properties. Comparisons between conventional ALRs and the modified systems are carried out paying attention to analogies, similarities, and differences. Most of the documented research results are obtained for various reactor designs at a laboratory scale; studies at pilot and full scale are still insufficient, which indicates that universal scale up design rules permitting the ALR design with a high confidence are required.
An expedient and convenient approach for one-pot synthesis of 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diones
Authors: Ekhtiari Zeinab , Havasi Forugh , Nikpour Farzad 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn easy and expedient method for the one-pot synthesis of 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diones has been developed by the reaction of the corresponding cyclic anhydrides with guanidinium chloride as a nitrogen source in the presence of FeCl3as a catalyst under mild reaction conditions.