bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Report of 12 cases with tracheobronchial mucormycosis and a review
Authors: He Ruoxi , Hu Chengping , Tang Yongjun , Yang Huaping , Cao Liming , Niu Ruichao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesTracheobronchial mucormycosis is a rare and invasive pulmonary mucormycosis involving the tracheobronchial tree.Data sourceAt a 3500‐bed tertiary care center.Study SelectionThis was a retroactive study of 12 cases of tracheobronchial mucormycosis diagnosed in our hospital, and 48 cases that were previously reported in the English literature.ResultsRhizopus was the predominant species of pathogen (66.7%). Primary bronchus was the most frequently involved location (38.2%), and upper lobes (51% of cases) were a predilection. Obstructive necrosis and mucosal necrosis were the most common pathological forms (40% and 34.5%, respectively). Fever (59.3%), cough (59.3%), dyspnea (40.7%) and hemoptysis (30.5%) were the most common symptoms. 51.4% patients had rales, 40% had moist rales and 28.6% had negative physical findings. Ninety‐five percent patients had immunosuppressive diseases. Diabetes mellitus (66.7%), diabetes ketoacidosis (21.7%), corticosteroid therapy (20%) and kidney insufficiency (18.3%) were the most common predisposing factors. 13.2% had neutropenia which was mostly among the non‐diabetic patients (P = .006). Endobronchial lesion of 23.2% had imaging reports with 33.9% exhibiting single mass. Pathological diagnosis of 76.7% used the transbronchial biopsy. The most frequent antifungal therapies were intravenous amphotericin B (79.7%), surgery (33.3%) and surgery combined with amphotericin B therapy (28.3%). Overall in‐hospital mortality was 52.5%, with hemoptysis (P = .017), dyspnea at presentation (P = .022) and angioinvasion (P = .03) as independent risk prognostic factors. In contrast, surgery (P = .003) was an independent protection prognostic factor.ConclusionsTracheobronchial mucormycosis is a rare but severe disease with high mortality because of its nonspecific clinical presentations and variable predisposing factors.
Tailored intraoperative localization of non‐palpable pulmonary lesions for thoracoscopic wedge resection using hybrid room technology
Authors: Stanzi Alessia , Mazza Federico , Lucio Francesco , Ghirardo Donatella , Grosso Maurizio , Locatelli Alessandro , Melloni Giulio 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionVATS wedge resection can require conversion to thoracotomy when pulmonary lesions cannot be identified. Hybrid operating rooms (HORs) provide real‐time image acquisition capabilities allowing the intraoperative placement of markers to facilitate the removal of non‐palpable nodules during VATS.ObjectivesTo present our workflow based on the alternative use of two different markers according to the location of the lung lesion and report our initial results.MethodsAll consecutive patients with non‐palpable lesions requiring VATS wedge resection underwent localization of the targets in HOR. Lesions were considered non‐palpable if they were small (<1 cm), deep (>1 cm from surface), subsolid, or located within a dystrophic area. Anesthetized patients were placed in lateral decubitus. Cone‐beam CT (CBCT) was performed, and the needle trajectory was planned using Syngo iGuide Needle Guidance. Metal hook‐wire or coil was placed, according to our workflow, close to the lesion and their position was verified by CBCT or fluoroscopy.ResultsEleven VATS wedge resections were performed in 10 patients with 12 non‐palpable lesions. The localization was performed with seven hook‐wires and four coils in 30 minutes (range 17‐56 minutes). The median estimated total effective dose was 11.6 mSv (range 1.9‐24.7 mSv). Eleven lesions were removed by VATS, and one deep nodule required a thoracotomy. No complications were observed.ConclusionsOur experience confirms that HOR is suitable for simultaneous localization and VATS resection of ‘difficult’ pulmonary lesions. A versatile approach, using different devices, seems advisable for the removal of targets in every clinical scenario, reducing the VATS conversion rate.
Does managing the consumption of people with severe alcohol dependence reduce harm? A comparison of participants in six Canadian managed alcohol programs with locally recruited controls
Authors: Stockwell Tim , Pauly Bernadette (Bernie) , Chow Clifton , Erickson Rebekah A. , Krysowaty Bonnie , Roemer Audra , Vallance Kate , Wettlaufer Ashley , Zhao Jinhui 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsManaged alcohol programs (MAP) are intended for people with severe alcohol‐related problems and unstable housing. We investigated whether MAP participation was associated with changes in drinking patterns and related harms.Design and MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐five MAP participants from five Canadian cities (Hamilton, Ottawa, Toronto, Thunder Bay and Vancouver) and 189 same‐city controls were assessed for alcohol consumption, health, safety and harm outcomes. Length of stay in a MAP was investigated as a predictor of drinking patterns, non‐beverage alcohol consumption and related harms. Statistical controls were included for housing stability, age, gender, ethnic background and city of residence. Negative binomial regression and logistic regression models were used.ResultsRecently admitted MAP participants (≤2 months) and controls were both high consumers of alcohol, predominantly male, of similar ethnic background, similarly represented across the five cities and equally alcohol dependent (mean Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire = 29.7 and 31.4). After controlling for ethnicity, age, sex, city and housing stability, long‐term MAP residents (>2 months) drank significantly more days (+5.5) but 7.1 standard drinks fewer per drinking day than did controls over the last 30 days. Long‐term MAP residents reported significantly fewer alcohol‐related harms in the domains of health, safety, social, legal and withdrawal.Discussion and ConclusionsParticipation in a MAP was associated with more frequent drinking at lower quantities per day. Participation was associated with reduced alcohol‐related harms over the past 30 days. Future analyses will examine outcomes longitudinally through follow‐up interviews, police and health care records.
The dilemma of monotherapy or combination therapy in community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Vardakas Konstantinos Z. , Trigkidis Kyriakos K. , Apiranthiti Katerina N. , Falagas Matthew E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractScopeTo study the factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with community‐acquired pneumonia treated with monotherapy or combination therapy.MethodsPubMed and Scopus were searched. Patients receiving macrolides, β‐lactams and fluoroquinolones, as monotherapy or in combination, were included. Meta‐analyses and meta‐regressions were performed.ResultsFifty studies were included. Overall, monotherapy was not associated with higher mortality than combination (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.99‐1.32, I2 84%). Monotherapy was associated with higher mortality than combination in North American and retrospective studies. β‐lactam monotherapy was associated with higher mortality than β‐lactam/macrolide combination in the primary (1.32, 1.12‐1.56, I2 85%) and most sensitivity analyses. There was no difference in mortality between fluoroquinolone monotherapy and β‐lactam/macrolide combination (0.98, 0.78‐1.23, I2 73%). In meta‐regressions, the moderators that could partially explain the observed statistical heterogeneity were the frequency of cancer patients (P = .03) and Pneumonia Severity Index score IV (P = .008).ConclusionDue to the considerable heterogeneity and inclusion of unadjusted data, it is difficult to recommend a specific antibiotic regimen over another. Specific antibiotic regimens, study design and the characteristics of the population under study seem to influence the reported outcomes.
Grunt to go—Vocal coordination of group movements in redfronted lemurs
Authors: Sperber Anna Lucia , Werner Lynne M. , Kappeler Peter M. , Fichtel Claudia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo remain cohesive as a group, individuals must coordinate their movements between resources. In many species, vocalisations are used in this context. While some species have specific movement calls, others use calls which are also employed in different contexts. The use of such multicontextual calls has rarely been studied quantitatively, especially during both the pre‐departure and departure period associated with collective decisions. We thus investigated the use of close calls (“grunts”) for the coordination of collective movements in four groups of wild redfronted lemurs (Eulemur rufifrons) in Kirindy Forest, Western Madagascar. Group movements are started by an initiator, who moves away from the group and is joined by followers setting out in the same direction. We observed collective movements and recorded vocalisations from 18 focal individuals (54 movements recorded for followers, 21 for initiators). The grunt rate of both initiators and followers was higher in the pre‐departure period than in a control context (i.e., during foraging). Initiators of collective movements grunted more often than followers in the pre‐departure period as well as at individual departure. The latter difference was due to the initiators’ grunt rates increasing earlier than the followers’ and remaining at an elevated level for longer. These observations suggest that grunts serve to coordinate the departure by indicating the individual's readiness to move. The pre‐departure period, in which both initiators and followers showed an elevated grunt rate, may provide the basis for a shared decision on departure time. The difference in initiator and follower call rates suggests that grunts may have a recruitment function, but playback experiments are required to test this potential function. Overall, our study describes how multicontextual close calls can function as movement calls, with changes in call rate providing a potential feedback mechanism for the timing of group movements. This study thus contributes to a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of group coordination and collective decision‐making.
Grooming behaviors of black‐tailed prairie dogs are influenced by flea parasitism, conspecifics, and proximity to refuge
Authors: Eads David A. , Biggins Dean E. , Eads Samantha L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGrooming is a common animal behavior that aids in ectoparasite defense. Ectoparasites can stimulate grooming, and natural selection can also favor endogenous mechanisms that evoke periodic bouts of “programmed” grooming to dislodge or kill ectoparasites before they bite or feed. Moreover, grooming can function as a displacement or communication behavior. We compared the grooming behaviors of adult female black‐tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) on colonies with or without flea control via pulicide dust. Roughly 91% of the prairie dogs sampled on the non‐dusted colony carried at least one flea, whereas we did not find fleas on two dusted colonies. During focal observations, prairie dogs on the non‐dusted colony groomed at higher frequencies and for longer durations than prairie dogs on the dusted colonies, lending support to the hypothesis that fleas stimulated grooming. However, the reduced amount of time spent grooming on the dusted colonies suggested that approximately 25% of grooming might be attributed to factors other than direct stimulation from ectoparasites. Non‐dusted colony prairie dogs rarely autogroomed when near each other. Dusted colony prairie dogs autogroomed for shorter durations when far from a burrow opening (refuge), suggesting a trade‐off between self‐grooming and antipredator defense. Allogrooming was detected only on the non‐dusted colony and was limited to adult females grooming young pups. Grooming appears to serve an antiparasitic function in C. ludovicianus. Antiparasitic grooming might aid in defense against fleas that transmit the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis. Plague was introduced to North America ca. 1900 and now has a strong influence on most prairie dog populations, suggesting a magnified effect of grooming on prairie dog fitness.
Moods, Stressors, and Severity of Marital Conflict: A Daily Diary Study of Low‐Income Families
Authors: McCormick Meghan P. , Hsueh JoAnn , Merrilees Christine , Chou Patricia , Mark Cummings E. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo examine links between negative moods, stressors, and daily marital conflict, and to test whether participation in a family‐strengthening program moderates those associations.BackgroundSome family‐strengthening interventions have shown positive effects on low‐income married couples' relationships. Yet little is known about how these programs influence low‐income families' daily functioning.MethodFamilies randomly assigned to the program participated in 10 weeks of relationship education. Control group families received no services. Thirty months later, participants reported on the severity of marital conflicts over a 15‐day period, as well as their moods and stressors.ResultsDyadic models demonstrated that although moods like anger, anxiety, stress, and sadness were associated with more severe marital disagreements, associations were less strong for wives assigned to the program than to the control group. Although stress related to money was associated with more severe disagreements for husbands, associations were weaker for husbands assigned to the program than for those to the control group.ConclusionFamily‐strengthening interventions may be able to reduce the tendency for negative moods and stressors to manifest in more severe marital conflict.ImplicationsPrograms may benefit from explicitly addressing the moods and stressors that individual husbands and wives report experiencing in their daily lives.
The emerging role of mRNA methylation in normal and pathological behavior
Authors: Engel M. , Chen A. 
Published: October 2017

Covalent RNA modifications were recently rediscovered as abundant RNA chemical tags. Similarly to DNA epigenetic modifications, they have been proposed as essential regulators of gene expression. Here we focus on 3 of the most abundant adenosine methylations: N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), N6,2′‐O‐dimethyladenosine (m6Am) and N1‐methyladenosine (m1A). We review the potential role of these modifications on mature mRNA in regulating gene expression within the adult brain, nervous system function and normal and pathological behavior.Dynamic mRNA modifications, summarized as the epitranscriptome, regulate transcript maturation, translation and decay, and thus crucially determine gene expression beyond primary transcription regulation. However, the extent of this regulation in the healthy and maladapted adult brain is poorly understood. Analyzing this novel layer of gene expression control in addition to epigenetics and posttranslational regulation of proteins will be highly relevant for understanding the molecular underpinnings of behavior and psychiatric disorders.
Dynamics of soil biogeochemical gas emissions shaped by remolded aggregate sizes and carbon configurations under hydration cycles
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali , Or Dani 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChanges in soil hydration status affect microbial community dynamics and shape key biogeochemical processes. Evidence suggests that local anoxic conditions may persist and support anaerobic microbial activity in soil aggregates (or in similar hot spots) long after the bulk soil becomes aerated. To facilitate systematic studies of interactions among environmental factors with biogeochemical emissions of CO2, N2O and CH4 from soil aggregates, we remolded silt soil aggregates to different sizes and incorporated carbon at different configurations (core, mixed, no addition). Assemblies of remolded soil aggregates of three sizes (18, 12, and 6 mm) and equal volumetric proportions were embedded in sand columns at four distinct layers. The water table level in each column varied periodically while obtaining measurements of soil GHG emissions for the different aggregate carbon configurations. Experimental results illustrate that methane production required prolonged inundation and highly anoxic conditions for inducing measurable fluxes. The onset of unsaturated conditions (lowering water table) resulted in a decrease in CH4 emissions while temporarily increasing N2O fluxes. Interestingly, N2O fluxes were about 80% higher form aggregates with carbon placement in center (anoxic) core compared to mixed carbon within aggregates. The fluxes of CO2 were comparable for both scenarios of carbon sources. These experimental results highlight the importance of hydration dynamics in activating different GHG production and affecting various transport mechanisms about 80% of total methane emissions during lowering water table level are attributed to physical storage (rather than production), whereas CO2 emissions (~80%) are attributed to biological activity. A biophysical model for microbial activity within soil aggregates and profiles provides a means for results interpretation and prediction of trends within natural soils under a wide range of conditions.
Temporal changes in soil C‐N‐P stoichiometry over the past 60 years across subtropical China
Authors: Yu Zaipeng , Wang Minhuang , Huang Zhiqun , Lin Teng‐Chiu , Vadeboncoeur Matthew A. , Searle Eric B. , Chen Han Y. H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractControlled experiments have shown that global changes decouple the biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), resulting in shifting stoichiometry that lies at the core of ecosystem functioning. However, the response of soil stoichiometry to global changes in natural ecosystems with different soil depths, vegetation types, and climate gradients remains poorly understood. Based on 2,736 observations along soil profiles of 0–150 cm depth from 1955 to 2016, we evaluated the temporal changes in soil C‐N‐P stoichiometry across subtropical China, where soils are P‐impoverished, with diverse vegetation, soil, and parent material types and a wide range of climate gradients. We found a significant overall increase in soil total C concentration and a decrease in soil total P concentration, resulting in increasing soil C:P and N:P ratios during the past 60 years across all soil depths. Although average soil N concentration did not change, soil C:N increased in topsoil while decreasing in deeper soil. The temporal trends in soil C‐N‐P stoichiometry differed among vegetation, soil, parent material types, and spatial climate variations, with significantly increased C:P and N:P ratios for evergreen broadleaf forest and highly weathered Ultisols, and more pronounced temporal changes in soil C:N, N:P, and C:P ratios at low elevations. Our sensitivity analysis suggests that the temporal changes in soil stoichiometry resulted from elevated N deposition, rising atmosphericCO2concentration and regional warming. Our findings revealed that the responses of soil C‐N‐P and stoichiometry to long‐term global changes have occurred across the whole soil depth in subtropical China and the magnitudes of the changes in soil stoichiometry are dependent on vegetation types, soil types, and spatial climate variations.
CXXC5 expression in prostate cancer: implications for cancer progression
Authors: Benedetti Ines , De Marzo Angelo M. , Geliebter Jan , Reyes Niradiz 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIdentification of genes specifically deregulated in prostate adenocarcinoma may lead to discovery of new oncogenes/tumour suppressors with clinical relevance for diagnosis, prognosis and/or therapy. CXXC5 is a gene encoding a retinoid‐inducible nuclear factor, whose overexpression in breast tumours, metastatic malignant melanomas and papillary thyroid carcinoma has been recently reported. We previously found differential expression of CXXC5 transcripts in metastatic prostate cancer cell lines of both rat and human origin. However, knowledge on the expression of this gene in benign or malignant human prostate tissue is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the mRNA and protein expression pattern of CXXC5 in human benign prostate tissue, proliferative inflammatory atrophy, high‐grade prostatic intra‐epithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer, using qPCR, chromogenic in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that protein levels determined by immunohistochemistry were in agreement with transcript levels observed by chromogenic in situ hybridization. CXXC5 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly higher in prostate cancer, high‐grade prostatic intra‐epithelial neoplasia, and proliferative inflammatory atrophy, compared to benign prostate tissue. Significantly, within the same tissue specimens, CXXC5 staining was stronger in malignant acini than in matched adjacent, benign acini; immunostaining for this protein was mainly localized to the nucleus of benign epithelial cells and both the nucleus and cytoplasm of malignant epithelial cells. Our findings suggest that CXXC5 may play a role in the process of prostate carcinogenesis. Additional studies are required to determine the biological and clinical significance of CXXC5 in prostate cancer development and/or progression.
From nostalgia for the recent past and beyond: The temporal frames of recalled consumption experiences
Authors: Ryynänen Toni , Heinonen Visa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStudies of nostalgia are one of the research subfields of recalled consumption experiences. In addition to the nostalgic recall, the consumers' remembered experiences situate in other temporal frames, a theme rarely touched in the extant research. The aim of this research was to examine the differences between nostalgic and other recalled consumption experiences by identifying and analysing the characteristics of the temporal frames. The data set for this task comprised 480 descriptions of consumers' experiences involving an everyday consumer object. An interpretive approach was utilized to analyse the temporal frames. The results of the study indicate that the consumers described their memories in four temporal structures. These are the strong nostalgia from childhood, light nostalgia from youth, descriptions of recent past and memories linked to consumption practices and traditions that will be fostered in the future. The article proposes a conceptual framework describing the temporal frames of consumers' remembered consumption experiences that opens further avenues for research alongside of nostalgic recall.