bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Right dominance in the incidence of external auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma in the Japanese population: Does handedness affect carcinogenesis?
Authors: Tsunoda Atsunobu , Sumi Takuro , Terasaki Omi , Kishimoto Seiji 
Published: January 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the relationship between handedness and the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in the external auditory canal (EACSCC).Materials and MethodsSixty‐eight cases of EACSCC were enrolled in this study, and their affected side was checked. Handedness and ear‐picking habits were also investigated in 34 EACSCC cases. Handedness was judged based on self‐categorization, and the relationship between handedness and the affected side was investigated.ResultsFifty‐two cases occurred on the right side, and 16 cases occurred on the left side of patients with EACSCC. The incidence of laterality in EACSCC showed a statistically significant right dominance. Concerning handedness, 29 cases were right‐handed, 4 cases were left‐handed, and 1 case was ambidextrous. Twenty‐seven out of the 29 right‐handed cases and 1 ambidextrous case suffered from carcinoma on the right side, whereas 3 left‐handed cases suffered from carcinoma on the left side. That is, most of the cases suffered from EACSCC on the same side as their handedness, and this tendency showed a statistically significant difference. Most of the patients with EACSCC experienced itching and habitual ear‐picking in the affected side.ConclusionMechanical stimulations to the EAC, such as ear picking, may plausibly cause EACSCC. In Japan, ear picking, also called “mimikaki,” is a popular habit and an established unique culture. Because ear picking requires delicate handling and manipulation, this tends to occur on the same side as the handedness in the Japanese population. This is the first report about the relationship between handedness and carcinogenesis.Level of EvidenceN/A.
Medial sural artery as a salvage recipient vessel for complex post traumatic microvascular lower limb reconstruction
Authors: Baliarsing Amresh , Date Shivprasad , Ciudad Pedro 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundComplex lower extremity trauma still poses a formidable challenge for micro vascular reconstruction. The extensive surrounding zone of trauma can make it difficult to find a suitable recipient pedicle for anastomosis. A need was felt for exploration of newer recipient vessels in lower extremity which could be harnessed for reliable and tension free micro anastomosis. The purpose of the present report is to highlight the possibility of using medial sural artery for safe micro vascular anastomosis in selected scenarios like vessel depleted extremity.MethodsBetween 2008 and 2013, we used the medial sural vessels for micro anastomosis in 10 cases of lower extremity trauma. All the cases had severe soft tissue trauma with or without a bony defect. A computed tomography angiogram (CTA) of the involved extremity revealed either severe perivascular scarring around the standard recipient vessels or patency of just a single vessel. However, in all cases a patent medial sural pedicle was identified on CTA. Interposition vein grafts (IVGs) were used in most cases to ensure a tension free anastomosis.ResultsIn all cases, unscarred medial sural vessels were identified with average dissected length and diameter being 6.2 cm (range 4 to 7.5 cm) and 2 mm (range 1.5 to 2.5 mm) respectively. Vein graft [average length 5.6 cm (range 4 to 15 cm)] was interposed in seven cases, while in remaining three, long saphenous vein was used for vein anastomosis. All the flaps survived after the surgery. There was one re‐exploration for evacuation of peri‐anastomotic hematoma with no adverse effect on flap survival. The mean follow up period was 27.6 months. In the four cases with bone reconstruction, bony union was seen between 5 and 8 months. They were able to walk without aids and resume work after 10–14 months, following a structured rehabilitation program. The patients with soft tissue reconstruction (6 cases) could carry out aid free locomotion and resume their routine after 4–6 weeks. There were no long term complications in any of the flap.ConclusionsMedial sural artery may prove to be a reliable recipient pedicle for use in complex lower extremity trauma cases and could possibly provide a safer alternative in cases with severe perivascular scarring or in a “single vessel” extremity.
High spatial resolution hyperpolarized 3He MRI of the rodent lung using a single breath X‐centric gradient‐recalled echo approach
Authors: Ouriadov Alexei V. , Santyr Giles E. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeHyperpolarized (HP) gas MRI of the rodent lung is of great interest because of the increasing need for novel biomarkers with which to develop new therapies for respiratory diseases. The use of fast gradient‐recalled echo (FGRE) for high‐resolution HP gas rodent lung MRI is challenging as a result of signal loss caused by significant diffusion weighting, particularly in the larger airways. In this work, a modified FGRE approach is described for HP 3He rodent lung MRI using a centric‐out readout scheme (ie, x‐centric), allowing high‐resolution, density‐weighted imaging.MethodsHP 3He x‐centric imaging was performed in a phantom and compared with a conventional partial‐echo FGRE acquisition for in‐plane spatial resolutions varying between 39 and 312 µm. Partial‐echo and x‐centric acquisitions were also compared for high spatial‐resolution breath‐hold (1 s) imaging of rodent lungs.ResultsX‐centric provided improved signal‐to‐noise ratio efficiency by a factor of up to 13/1.7 and 6.7/1.8, compared with the partial‐echo FGRE for the airways/parenchyma of mouse and rat, respectively, at high spatial resolutions in vivo (<78 µm). In particular, rodent major airways with less restricted diffusion of 3He could only be visualized with the x‐centric method.ConclusionsThe x‐centric method significantly reduces diffusion weighting, allowing high spatial and temporal resolution HP 3He gas density‐weighted rodent lung MRI. Magn Reson Med 78:2334–2341, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Oxidation of [U‐13C]glucose in the human brain at 7T under steady state conditions
Authors: Cheshkov Sergey , Dimitrov Ivan E. , Jakkamsetti Vikram , Good Levi , Kelly Dorothy , Rajasekaran Karthik , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Pascual Juan M. , Sherry A. Dean , Malloy Craig R. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeDisorders of brain energy metabolism and neurotransmitter recycling have been implicated in multiple neurological conditions. 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C MRS) during intravenous administration of 13C‐labeled compounds has been used to measure turnover rates of brain metabolites. This approach, however, requires prolonged infusion inside the magnet. Proton decoupling is typically required but may be difficult to implement with standard equipment. We examined an alternative approach to monitor glucose metabolism in the human brain.Methods13C‐enriched glucose was infused in healthy subjects outside the magnet to a steady‐state level of 13C enrichment. Subsequently, the subjects were scanned at 7T for 60 min without 1H decoupling. Metabolic modeling was used to calculate anaplerosis.ResultsBiomarkers of energy metabolism and anaplerosis were detected. The glutamate C5 doublet provided information about glucose‐derived acetyl‐coenzyme A flux into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle via pyruvate dehydrogenase, and the bicarbonate signal reflected overall TCA cycle activity. The glutamate C1/C5 ratio is sensitive to anaplerosis.ConclusionBrain 13C MRS at 7T provides information about glucose oxidation and anaplerosis without the need of prolonged 13C infusions inside the scanner and without technical challenges of 1H decoupling, making it a feasible approach for clinical research. Magn Reson Med 78:2065–2071, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
In vivo imaging of electrical properties of an animal tumor model with an 8‐channel transceiver array at 7 T using electrical properties tomography
Authors: Liu Jiaen , Shao Qi , Wang Yicun , Adriany Gregor , Bischof John , Van de Moortele Pierre‐Francois , He Bin 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a technique for imaging electrical properties ((EPs), conductivity and permittivity) of an animal tumor model in vivo using MRI.MethodsElectrical properties were reconstructed from the calculated EP gradient, which was derived using two sets of measured transmit B1 magnitude and relative phase maps with the sample and radiofrequency (RF) coil oriented in the positive and negative z‐directions, respectively. An eight‐channel transceiver microstrip array RF coil fitting the size of the animal was developed for generating and mapping B1 fields to reconstruct EPs. The technique was evaluated at 7 tesla using a physical phantom and in vivo on two Copenhagen rats with subcutaneously implanted AT‐1 rat prostate cancer on a hind limb.ResultsThe reconstructed EPs in the phantom experiment was in good agreement with the target EP map determined by a dielectric probe. Reconstructed conductivity map of the animals revealed the boundary between tumor and healthy tissue consistent with the boundary indicated by T1‐weighted MRI.ConclusionA technique for imaging EP of an animal tumor model using MRI has been developed with high sensitivity, accuracy, and resolution, as demonstrated in the phantom experiment. Further animal experiments are needed to demonstrate its translational value for tumor diagnosis. Magn Reson Med 78:2157–2169, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Chitosan loaded with silver nanoparticles, CS‐AgNPs, using thymus syriacus, wild mint, and rosemary essential oil extracts as reducing and capping agents
Authors: AL‐Shnani Fadi , Al‐Haddad Thanaa , Karabet Francois , Allaf Abdul Wahab 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe present study describes the green method for the preparation of chitosan loaded with silver nanoparticles (CS‐AgNPs) in the presence of 3 different extracted essential oils. The essential oils play dual roles as reductant and capping agents. The reducing power and DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) assay for the 3 essential oils—Thymus syriacus (T), wild mint (M), and rosemary (R)—have been reported. The preparation of CS‐AgNPs was performed by 2 steps. The 3 previously extracted essential oils have been used as reducing and capping agent in the first step, while in the second step, silver nanoparticles were integrated in chitosan. The integration of AgNPs in the structure of chitosan was confirmed by ultraviolet‐visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy techniques, and energy dispersive X‐ray. Surface plasmon resonance confirmed the formation of CS‐AgNPs with maximum absorbance at λmax between 405 ‐ 410 and 410 ‐ 430 nm for colloidal and films of CS‐AgNPs, respectively. The intensity of bands at 3408 cm−1 in the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements was decreased substantially and shifted slightly to lower frequency (∆υ = 43 cm−1). Scanning electron microscopy shows a spherical morphology of AgNPs with size of 62 nm for both colloidal and film samples, and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis shows peaks confirming AgNPs formation.
Quantification by nano liquid chromatography parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry of human apolipoprotein A‐I, apolipoprotein B, and hemoglobin A1c in dried blood spots
Authors: Henderson Clark M. , Bollinger James G. , Becker Jessica O. , Wallace Jennifer M. , Laha Thomas J. , MacCoss Michael J. , Hoofnagle Andrew N. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeProteomic analysis of blood proteins in dried blood spots (DBS) is gaining attention as a possible replacement for measurements in plasma/serum collected by venipuncture. We aimed to develop and provisionally validate a nanoflow LC‐PRM‐MS method for clinical use.Experimental designWe used Skyline to develop a nanoflow LC‐PRM‐MS method to quantify glycated hemoglobin‐β, apolipoprotein A‐I, and apolipoprotein B in DBS. Precision, linearity, interferences, and stability were determined and the method was used to analyze samples from 36 human volunteers. The method was compared with clinically validated measurements in paired blood collected via venipuncture.ResultsThe method was relatively precise for these proteins (10–11% CV) and linear across the normal concentration ranges of these proteins. Interference from high total serum protein concentration (>8 g/dL) was noted for apolipoprotein A‐I and apolipoprotein B. Proteins in DBS were stable for 14 days at temperatures below 25°C and trypsinized samples were stable for 48 h at 7°C. There was moderate correlation with clinical methods (r = 0.783–0.858) and significant bias in individual samples.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAlthough the method had adequate precision and linearity for a biomarker, the accuracy compared with clinically validated assays raises concerns regarding the use of DBS compared with venipuncture for clinical use.
Electron quantum optics as quantum signal processing
Authors: Roussel B. , Cabart C. , Fève G. , Thibierge E. , Degiovanni P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe recent developments of electron quantum optics in quantum Hall edge channels have given us new ways to probe the behavior of electrons in quantum conductors. It has brought new quantities called electronic coherences under the spotlight. In this paper, we explore the relations between electron quantum optics and signal processing through a global review of the various methods for accessing single‐ and two‐electron coherences in electron quantum optics. We interpret electron quantum optics interference experiments as analog signal processing, converting quantum signals into experimentally observable quantities such as current averages and correlations. This point of view also gives us a procedure to obtain quantum information quantities from electron quantum optics coherences. We illustrate these ideas by discussing two‐mode entanglement in electron quantum optics. We also sketch how signal processing ideas may open new perspectives for representing electronic coherences in quantum conductors and understand the properties of the underlying many‐body electronic state.
A k‐means clustering‐based security framework for mobile data mining
Authors: Guizani Sghaier 
Published: January 2017

AbstractData mining is a process of digging data sets from large data‐bases, especially for use to improve the operation efficiency of a company, institution, or an organization. With the increasing cases of cyber and other computer‐related crimes, computer and mobile data security has become a matter of concern, secure, and non‐contaminated data is very important for data mining to improve the performance of a system. This paper proposes a system framework that is able to collect information and then be able to generate alerts in real time. The proposed scheme is then simulated using the K‐means clustering algorithm, which is one of the most popular clustering algorithms to determine the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed scheme. The paper concludes by proposing further improvements to be undertaken on the proposed system to improve its efficiency and accuracy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Somatic Leiomyosarcoma of the Soft Tissues: A Single‐Institutional Analysis of Factors Predictive of Survival in 164 Patients
Authors: Harati Kamran , Daigeler Adrien , Lange Kim , Niggemann Hiltrud , Stricker Ingo , Steinau Hans‐Ulrich , Lehnhardt Marcus , Goertz Ole 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundSomatic leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma entity with a high metastatic potential. The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic indicators of survival in patients with somatic LMS of the soft tissues.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed the relationship between local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), overall survival (OS) and potential prognostic factors in 164 patients who were suitable for surgical treatment in curative intent. Patients with soft tissue LMS of the extremities, the truncal wall and the head and neck area were included. The median follow‐up time was 4.9 years.ResultsIn the entire cohort, the 5‐year estimate of the DSS, OS and LRFS rate were 74.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 65.0–81.8), 70.6% (95% CI: 60.9–78.3) and 63.4% (95% CI 53.4–71.9), respectively. Thirty‐eight patients (23.2%) developed distant metastases with a median survival time of 1.5 years after diagnosis of metastasis. Surgical margins attained at the initial oncologic resection and eventual re‐excisions did not influence DSS, OS and LRFS significantly. Within the R0 subgroup, close and wide negative margins led to similar outcomes. High histologic grade (P < 0.001), size >5 cm (P = 0.002) and subfascial localisation (P = 0.002) were associated with significantly diminished DSS in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only histologic grade was found to be an independent prognostic factor of DSS.ConclusionsThe data from this study could not determine a prognostic significance of surgical margins suggesting that tumour characteristics other than margin status are important. Tumour biology reflected by the histologic grade dictates the final outcome.
Design of pilot studies to inform the construction of composite outcome measures
Authors: Edland Steven D. , Ard M. Colin , Li Weiwei , Jiang Lingjing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionComposite scales have recently been proposed as outcome measures for clinical trials. For example, the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC) is the sum of z‐score normed component measures assessing episodic memory, timed executive function, and global cognition. Alternative methods of calculating composite total scores using the weighted sum of the component measures that maximize the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the resulting composite score have been proposed. Optimal weights can be estimated from pilot data, but it is an open question how large a pilot trial is required to calculate reliably optimal weights.MethodsWe describe the calculation of optimal weights and use large‐scale computer simulations to investigate the question as how large a pilot study sample is required to inform the calculation of optimal weights. The simulations are informed by the pattern of decline observed in cognitively normal subjects enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Prevention Instrument cohort study, restricting to n = 75 subjects aged 75 years and older with an APOE ε4 risk allele and therefore likely to have an underlying Alzheimer's disease neurodegenerative process.ResultsIn the context of secondary prevention trials in Alzheimer's disease and using the components of the PACC, we found that pilot studies as small as 100 are sufficient to meaningfully inform weighting parameters. Regardless of the pilot study sample size used to inform weights, the optimally weighted PACC consistently outperformed the standard PACC in terms of statistical power to detect treatment effects in a clinical trial. Pilot studies of size 300 produced weights that achieved near‐optimal statistical power and reduced required sample size relative to the standard PACC by more than half.DiscussionThese simulations suggest that modestly sized pilot studies, comparable to that of a phase 2 clinical trial, are sufficient to inform the construction of composite outcome measures. Although these findings apply only to the PACC in the context of prodromal Alzheimer's disease, the observation that weights only have to approximate the optimal weights to achieve near‐optimal performance should generalize. Performing a pilot study or phase 2 trial to inform the weighting of proposed composite outcome measures is highly cost‐effective. The net effect of more efficient outcome measures is that smaller trials will be required to test novel treatments. Alternatively, second generation trials can use prior clinical trial data to inform weighting, so that greater efficiency can be achieved as we move forward.
MOZI AND THE GHOSTS: THE CONCEPT OFMING明 INMOZI’S “MING GUI”《明鬼》
Authors: Gibas Piotr 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article offers a new reading ofMozi’s chapter “Ming gui” 明鬼, conventionally considered as a treatise explaining Mohist ideas about ghosts and spirits, by shifting the focus from the ghosts (gui鬼) to the concept ofming明, interpreted as “sagely illumination.” The “Ming gui” chapter does not discuss ghosts in general, but instead a specific group of “punitive ghosts” who mete out punishments and rewards; it also shows thatming guiwas not a group of ghosts particular toMozior Mohism alone, but was widespread in the beliefs and practices of the period. The execution of justice, which is the crucial concern of the treatise, depends onming—the principle of justice and Heaven’s agency in human life—and not on ghosts.Mingalso is an indispensable component of sagehood, as it is the illuminated sage ruler (ming jun明君) who, on behalf of Heaven, ultimately metes out just punishments and rewards.
Embodied Meaning in Hegel and Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Ciavatta David 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper it is argued that the conceptions of embodied meaning and of intuition that Hegel appeals to in the Aesthetics anticipate some of Merleau-Ponty’s insights concerning the distinctive character of pre-conceptual, sensuous forms of meaning. It is argued that, for Hegel, our aesthetic experience of the beautiful is such that we cannot readily differentiate in it the purportedly distinct roles that sensation and thought play, and so that the account of sensuous intuition operative here differs from the one appealed to in more familiar, ‘intellectualist’ conceptions that are premised upon our being able to make such a distinction. Some of Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological insights are brought to bear to help support and illuminate some of the implications of Hegel’s conception of such sensuously embodied meaning.
An-3 PUFA depletion applied to rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) does not modulate its subsequent lipid bioconversion capacity
Authors: Mellery Julie , Brel Jonathan , Dort Junio , Geay Florian , Kestemont Patrick , Francis David S. , Larondelle Yvan , Rollin Xavier 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNutritional strategies are currently developed to produce farmed fish rich inn-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) whilst replacing fish oil by plant-derived oils in aquafeeds. The optimisation of such strategies requires a thorough understanding of fish lipid metabolism and its nutritional modulation. The present study evaluated the fatty acid bioconversion capacity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry previously depleted inn-3 PUFA through a 60-d pre-experimental feeding period with a sunflower oil-based diet (SO) followed by a 36-d experimental period during which fish were fed either a linseed oil-based diet (LO) (this treatment being called SO/LO) or a fish oil-based diet (FO) (this treatment being called SO/FO). These treatments were compared with fish continuously fed on SO, LO or FO for 96 d. At the end of the 36-d experimental period, SO/LO and SO/FO fish recovered >80 % of then-3 LC-PUFA reported for LO and FO fish, respectively. Fish fed on LO showed high apparentin vivoelongation and desaturation activities along then-3 biosynthesis pathway. However, at the end of the experimental period, no impact of the fishn-3 PUFA depletion was observed on apparentin vivoelongation and desaturation activities of SO/LO fish as compared with LO fish. In contrast, the fishn-3 PUFA depletion negatively modulated then-6 PUFA bioconversion capacity of fish in terms of reduced apparentin vivoelongation and desaturation activities. The effects were similar after 10 or 36 d of the experimental period, indicating the absence of short-term effects.