bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High throughput discovery of influenza virus neutralizing antibodies from phage-displayed synthetic antibody libraries
Authors: Chen Ing-Chien , Chiu Yi-Kai , Yu Chung-Ming , Lee Cheng-Chung , Tung Chao-Ping , Tsou Yueh-Liang , Huang Yi-Jen , Lin Chia-Lung , Chen Hong-Sen , Wang Andrew H.-J. , Yang An-Suei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPandemic and epidemic outbreaks of influenza A virus (IAV) infection pose severe challenges to human society. Passive immunotherapy with recombinant neutralizing antibodies can potentially mitigate the threats of IAV infection. With a high throughput neutralizing antibody discovery platform, we produced artificial anti-hemagglutinin (HA) IAV-neutralizing IgGs from phage-displayed synthetic scFv libraries without necessitating prior memory of antibody-antigen interactions or relying on affinity maturation essential for in vivo immune systems to generate highly specific neutralizing antibodies. At least two thirds of the epitope groups of the artificial anti-HA antibodies resemble those of natural protective anti-HA antibodies, providing alternatives to neutralizing antibodies from natural antibody repertoires. With continuing advancement in designing and constructing synthetic scFv libraries, this technological platform is useful in mitigating not only the threats of IAV pandemics but also those from other newly emerging viral infections.
85% internal quantum efficiency of 280-nm AlGaN multiple quantum wells by defect engineering
Authors: Wang Tzu-Yu , Tasi Chi-Tsung , Lin Chia-Feng , Wuu Dong-Sing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this study, high internal-quantum-efficiency (IQE) AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) were successfully demonstrated on low-defect-density AlN templates with nano-patterned sapphire substrates. These templates consisted of AlN structures with 0∼30 periods superlattices (SLs) by alternating high (100) and low (25) V/III ratios under a low growth temperature (1130 °C). Compared to conventional high crystal-quality AlN epilayers achieved at temperatures ≥1300 °C, lower thermal budget can reduce the production cost and wafer warpage. Via optimization of the SL period, the AlN crystallinity was systematically improved. Strong dependence of SL period number on the X-ray full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) of the AlN epilayer was observed. The AlN template with 20-period SLs exhibited the lowest FWHM values for (0002) and (10ī2), namely 331 and 652 arcsec, respectively, as well as an ultra-low etching pit density of 1 × 105 cm−2. The relative IQE of 280 nm AlGaN MQWs exhibited a dramatically increase from 22.8% to 85% when the inserted SL increased from 0 to 20 periods. It has hardly ever been reported for the AlGaN MQW sample. The results indicate that the engineered AlN templates have high potential applications in deep ultraviolet light emitters.
Design of Reduction Process of SnO2 by CH4 for Efficient Sn Recovery
Authors: Ha Hyunwoo , Yoo Mi , An Hyesung , Shin Kihyun , Han Taeyang , Sohn Youhan , Kim Sangyeol , Lee Sang-Ro , Han Jun Hyun , Kim Hyun You 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe design a novel method for the CH4 reduction of SnO2 for the efficient recovery of Sn from SnO2 through a study combining theory and experiment. The atomic-level process of CH4-SnO2 interaction and temperature-dependent reduction behavior of SnO2 were studied with a combination of a multi-scale computational method of thermodynamic simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We found that CH4 was a highly efficient and a versatile reducing agent, as the total reducing power of CH4 originates from the carbon and hydrogen of CH4, which sequentially reduce SnO2. Moreover, as a result of the CH4 reduction of SnO2, a mixture of CO and H2 was produced as a gas-phase product (syngas). The relative molar ratio of the produced gas-phase product was controllable by the reduction temperature and the amount of supplied CH4. The laboratory-scale experimental study confirmed that CH4 actively reduces SnO2, producing 99.34% high-purity Sn and H2 and CO. Our results present a novel method for an efficient, green, and economical recycling strategy for Sn with economic value added that is held by the co-produced clean energy source (syngas).
Microgel assisted Lab-on-Fiber Optrode
Authors: Aliberti A. , Ricciardi A. , Giaquinto M. , Micco A. , Bobeico E. , La Ferrara V. , Ruvo M. , Cutolo A. , Cusano A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPrecision medicine is continuously demanding for novel point of care systems, potentially exploitable also for in-vivo analysis. Biosensing probes based on Lab-On-Fiber Technology have been recently developed to meet these challenges. However, devices exploiting standard label-free approaches (based on ligand/target molecule interaction) suffer from low sensitivity in all cases where the detection of small molecules at low concentrations is needed. Here we report on a platform developed through the combination of Lab-On-Fiber probes with microgels, which are directly integrated onto the resonant plasmonic nanostructure realized on the fiber tip. In response to binding events, the microgel network concentrates the target molecule and amplifies the optical response, leading to remarkable sensitivity enhancement. Moreover, by acting on the microgel degrees of freedom such as concentration and operating temperature, it is possible to control the limit of detection, tune the working range as well as the response time of the probe. These unique characteristics pave the way for advanced label-free biosensing platforms, suitably reconfigurable depending on the specific application.
Antibodies against peripheral nerve antigens in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Querol Luis , Siles Ana M , Alba-Rovira Roser , Jáuregui Agustín , Devaux Jérôme , Faivre-Sarrailh Catherine , Araque Josefa , Rojas-Garcia Ricard , Diaz-Manera Jordi , Cortés-Vicente Elena , Nogales-Gadea Gisela , Navas-Madroñal Miquel , Gallardo Eduard , Illa Isabel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a heterogeneous disease in which diverse autoantibodies have been described but systematic screening has never been performed. Detection of CIDP-specific antibodies may be clinically useful. We developed a screening protocol to uncover novel reactivities in CIDP. Sixty-five CIDP patients and 28 controls were included in our study. Three patients (4.6%) had antibodies against neurofascin 155, four (6.2%) against contactin-1 and one (1.5%) against the contactin-1/contactin-associated protein-1 complex. Eleven (18.6%) patients showed anti-ganglioside antibodies, and one (1.6%) antibodies against peripheral myelin protein 2. No antibodies against myelin protein zero, contactin-2/contactin-associated protein-2 complex, neuronal cell adhesion molecule, gliomedin or the voltage-gated sodium channel were detected. In IgG experiments, three patients (5.3%) showed a weak reactivity against motor neurons; 14 (24.6%) reacted against DRG neurons, four of them strongly (7.0%), and seven (12.3%) reacted against Schwann cells, three of them strongly (5.3%). In IgM experiments, six patients (10.7%) reacted against DRG neurons, while three (5.4%) reacted against Schwann cells. However, results were not statistically significant when compared to controls. Immunoprecipitation experiments identified CD9 and L1CAM as potential antigens, but reactivity could not be confirmed with cell-based assays. In summary, we describe a diverse autoantibody repertoire in CIDP patients, reinforcing the hypothesis of CIDP’s pathophysiological heterogeneity.
HLA-DMB restricts human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) protein expression via regulation of ATG7 acetylation
Authors: Wang Jie , Song Di , Liu Yanzi , Lu Guangjian , Yang Shuai , Liu Lu , Gao Zhitao , Ma Lingling , Guo Zhixiang , Zhang Chenguang , Wang Hui , Yang Bo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe roles of autophagy in viral infection are complicated. While autophagy has been shown to function in host antiviral defense by eliminating intracellular viruses and regulating adaptive immunity, several viruses have evolved molecular mechanisms to get benefits from it. The deltaretrovirus human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) has been reported to profit its replication from enhancing autophagosome accumulation. Here, we reported that HLA-DMB (generally referred to here as DMB), the beta chain of the non-classical MHC-II protein HLA-DM, had strong expression in HTLV-1-transformed T-cell lines and could be induced in Hela, PMA-differentiated THP1 (PMA-THP1) or primary human monocytes by HTLV-1 infection. Immunoblot and real-time PCR assays demonstrated that overexpression of DMB decreased HTLV-1 protein expression while the knockdown of DMB increased HTLV-1 protein expression. Immunoblot and confocal microscopy assays indicated that overexpression of DMB decreased HTLV-1 induced autophagosome accumulation while the knockdown of DMB yielded the opposite effects. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunoprecipitation experiments suggested DMB interacted with autophagy-related gene (ATG) 7 and increased the acetylation of ATG7. Taken together, these results suggested DMB modulated HTLV-1 protein expression through regulation of autophagosome accumulation and our findings suggested a new mechanism by which the host cells defended against HTLV-1 infection.
Combating virulence of Gram-negative bacilli by OmpA inhibition
Authors: Vila-Farrés Xavier , Parra-Millán Raquel , Sánchez-Encinales Viviana , Varese Monica , Ayerbe-Algaba Rafael , Bayó Nuria , Guardiola Salvador , Pachón-Ibáñez María Eugenia , Kotev Martin , García Jesús , Teixidó Meritxell , Vila Jordi , Pachón Jerónimo , Giralt Ernest , Smani Younes 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPreventing the adhesion of pathogens to host cells provides an innovative approach to tackling multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this regard, the identification of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) as a key bacterial virulence factor has been a major breakthrough. The use of virtual screening helped us to identify a cyclic hexapeptide AOA-2 that inhibits the adhesion of Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli to host cells and the formation of biofilm, thereby preventing the development of infection in vitro and in a murine sepsis peritoneal model. Inhibition of OmpA offers a strategy as monotherapy to address the urgent need for treatments for infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli.
Genome-wide mutagenesis and multi-drug resistance in American trypanosomes induced by the front-line drug benznidazole
Authors: Campos Mônica C. , Phelan Jody , Francisco Amanda F. , Taylor Martin C. , Lewis Michael D. , Pain Arnab , Clark Taane G. , Kelly John M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and affects 5–8 million people in Latin America. Although the nitroheterocyclic compound benznidazole has been the front-line drug for several decades, treatment failures are common. Benznidazole is a pro-drug and is bio-activated within the parasite by the mitochondrial nitroreductase TcNTR-1, leading to the generation of reactive metabolites that have trypanocidal activity. To better assess drug action and resistance, we sequenced the genomes of T. cruzi Y strain (35.5 Mb) and three benznidazole-resistant clones derived from a single drug-selected population. This revealed the genome-wide accumulation of mutations in the resistant parasites, in addition to variations in DNA copy-number. We observed mutations in DNA repair genes, linked with increased susceptibility to DNA alkylating and inter-strand cross-linking agents. Stop-codon-generating mutations in TcNTR-1 were associated with cross-resistance to other nitroheterocyclic drugs. Unexpectedly, the clones were also highly resistant to the ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor posaconazole, a drug proposed for use against T. cruzi infections, in combination with benznidazole. Our findings therefore identify the highly mutagenic activity of benznidazole metabolites in T. cruzi, demonstrate that this can result in multi-drug resistance, and indicate that vigilance will be required if benznidazole is used in combination therapy.
Combined Effects of Noise and Reverberation on Sound Localization for Listeners With Normal Hearing and Bilateral Cochlear Implants
Authors: Zheng Yunfang , Koehnke Janet , Besing Joan 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
This study examined the individual and combined effects of noise and reverberation on the ability of listeners with normal hearing (NH) and with bilateral cochlear implants (BCIs) to localize speech.

Method

Six adults with BCIs and 10 with NH participated. All subjects completed a virtual localization test in quiet and at 0-, −4-, and −8-dB signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in simulated anechoic and reverberant (0.2-, 0.6-, and 0.9-s RT
60
) environments. BCI users were also tested at +8- and +4-dB SNR. A 3-word phrase was presented at 70 dB SPL from 9 simulated locations in the frontal horizontal plane (±90°), with the noise source at 0°.

Results

BCIs users had significantly poorer localization than listeners with NH in all conditions. BCI users' performance started to decrease at a higher SNR (+4 dB) and shorter RT
60
(0.2 s) than listeners with NH (−4 dB and 0.6 s). The combination of noise and reverberation began to degrade localization of BCI users at a higher SNR and a shorter RT
60
than listeners with NH.

Conclusion
The clear effect of noise and reverberation on the performance of BCI users provides information that should be useful for refining cochlear implant processing strategies and developing cochlear implant rehabilitation plans to optimize binaural benefit for BCI users in everyday listening situations.
Continuously tunable crossover based on HMSIW
Authors: Cui Qian , Lin Feng 
Published: October 2017

A frequency‐tuning crossover based on half‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide (HMSIW) is presented for the first time. Two HMSIW transmission lines are parallelly arranged to form the four‐port crossover. Three tunable capacitors placed between the HMSIW transmission lines are used to obtain the tunable passband. For verification, both simulated and measured results are given and good agreement between the simulation and measurement is observed. The measured passband can be tuned in a frequency range from 2.2 to 5.0 GHz (tuning range of 78%) with better than 19 dB return loss and 15 dB isolation, while the insertion loss varies from 0.93 to 1.97 dB.
Calvarial Reconstruction
Authors: Badhey Arvind , Kadakia Sameep , Mourad Moustafa , Inman Jared , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCalvarial reconstruction is a challenge to reconstructive surgeons, especially considering protection of intracranial contents. In recent years, the advent of multiple reconstructive materials adds tools to the surgical armamentarium. Options include autologous split calvarial and rib grafts and alloplastic materials such as titanium mesh, methyl methacrylate, calcium hydroxyapatite, and polyetheretherketone. The most important aspect of cranial reconstruction still lies in finding the most aesthetic, safe, and reliable means of filling a defect.
Complications of Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Sokoya Mofiyinfolu , Mourad Moustafa , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: October 2017

AbstractApproaches to surgical management of skull base pathology and reconstruction of skull base defects have evolved over the past several decades. The goal, however, remains the same—to effectively address the pathology with minimal complications. In this article, the authors try to explore multiple complications of skull base surgery, discussing their incidence, natural course, and prevention. This will prove beneficial in optimal management of patients with a myriad of skull base disorders.
Corrección de genu valgo postraumático con osteotomía de cierre en tibia proximal
Authors: Laso José , Rojas Carlos , Valenzuela Álvaro , Álvarez Santiago , Gaggero Nicolás 
Published: October 2017

Objetivo Presentar un caso de complicación de fractura de platillos tibiales Schatzker VI y su manejo quirúrgico.
Material y Método Se presenta un caso de fractura de platillos tibial Schatzker VI que evoluciona con malalineamiento en valgo secundario a hundimiento del platillo tibial, junto a una revisión de la literatura y la descripción del manejo quirúrgico.
Resultados Se realizó una osteotomía en cuña de cierre medial de tibia proximal y se estabilizó con placa bloqueada (TomoFix), con una corrección completa de la deformidad sin complicaciones.
Discusión La osteotomía en cuña de cierre medial en tibia proximal es una técnica descrita en el manejo de artrosis secundaria a malalineamiento en valgo de la rodilla. Mediante dos osteotomías iniciadas por la cortical medial hacia la lateral con un fulcro esa última, se retira una cuña de dimensiones conocidas y se mantiene la reducción con algún elemento de osteosíntesis. De esa forma, se permite la corrección angular de la deformidad, previamente planificada. Los resultados en distintas series son en general favorables.
Conclusión El malalineamiento de la extremidad posterior a una fractura de platillos tibiales y la consecuente sobrecarga del compartimento afectado en la rodilla, asociado al daño articular, evoluciona con degeneración articular que termina en una artrosis unicompartimental secundaria, la cual puede ser prevenida con el uso de osteotomías correctoras de ejes como la osteotomía de tibia proximal, permitiendo normalizar la distribución de las cargas en los compartimentos mediante la corrección del eje mecánico alterado y así prolongar la sobrevida articular.
Nivel de Evidencia Tipo IV, Caso Clínico.
Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention
Authors: Thaiss Heidrun , von Rüden Ursula , Wildner Manfred 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Anstieg der sogenannten Zivilisationskrankheiten macht deutlich, dass die Systeme der gesundheitlichen Versorgung erkrankter Menschen alleine nicht ausreichen, die damit verbundene Herausforderung zur Gesunderhaltung der Bevölkerung zu bewältigen. Notwendig ist eine spürbare proaktive Neuausrichtung der gesundheitlichen Versorgungsstrukturen hin zu mehr Prävention, Gesundheitsförderung und Gesundheitsschutz. Eine zentrale Rolle in der Vermittlung spielen dabei neben bundesweiten insbesondere die kommunalen staatlichen und nicht-staatlichen Selbstverwaltungs-bzw. Governance-Strukturen (Gesundheitskonferenzen, ÖGD u.a.m.) als bürgernahe gesellschaftliche Organisationsformen.
Ergebnisse der Evaluation der hochschulischen Erstausbildung in den therapeutischen Berufen
Authors: Darmann-Finck Ingrid , Reuschenbach Bernd 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die Ergebnisse der Evaluation von insgesamt 13 Modellstudiengängen in den therapeutischen Gesundheitsfachberufen (tGFB) darzustellen. Beleuchtet wer-den dabei 2 Evaluationsschwerpunkte: Die strukturelle Konzeption der Studiengänge sowie die Kompetenzen der Absolventinnen und Absolventen.
Methodik Zur Strukturanalyse wurden offiziell bindende Dokumente, wie Akkreditierungsberichte, Evaluationsberichte und Modulpläne der jeweiligen Studiengänge qualitativ inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Zur Kompetenzdiagnostik kamen neben validierten Fragebögen zu Selbsteinschätzungen der Studierenden (N=286) auf der Critical Incident Technique basierende Interviews mit berufserfahrenen und praktisch tätigen Therapeutinnen/Therapeutinnen, anhand derer Fremdeinschätzungen erhoben wurden (N=29), zur Anwendung.
Ergebnisse Bei der strukturellen Konzeption gelangen die Studiengänge zu Lösungen, die stark davon geprägt sind, das derzeitige Berufsrecht umzusetzen, das an vielen Stellen nicht mit hochschulischen Standards kompatibel ist. Hinsichtlich der Kompetenzen ergibt sich im Selbst- und Fremdbild ein Mehrwert durch eine hochschulische Erstausbildung v. a. bezogen auf die Befähigung zur wissenschaftlichen Arbeit. Die studiengangübergreifenden Kompetenzziele werden in der Sichtweise der befragten Absolventinnen und Absolventen und der Expertinnen und Experten in der Versorgungspraxis erreicht. Damit gelingt es den Studiengängen, diejenigen Kompetenzen aufzubauen, die erforderlich sind, um den gegenwärtigen Versorgungsanforderungen zu entsprechen.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Empfehlung, die hochschulische Ausbildung regelhaft berufsgesetzlich zu verankern.
Reflective Practice in the Clinical Setting: A Multi-Institutional Qualitative Study of Pediatric Faculty and Residents
Authors: Plant Jennifer , Li Su-Ting T. , Blankenburg Rebecca , Bogetz Alyssa L. , Long Michele , Butani Lavjay 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
To explore when and in what form pediatric faculty and residents practice reflection.

Method
From February to June 2015, the authors conducted focus groups of pediatric faculty and residents at the University of California, Davis; Stanford University; and the University of California, San Francisco, until thematic saturation occurred. Transcripts were analyzed based on Mezirow’s and Schon’s models of reflection, using the constant comparative method associated with grounded theory. Two investigators independently coded transcripts and reconciled codes to develop themes. All investigators reviewed the codes and developed a final list of themes through consensus. Through iterative discussions, investigators developed a conceptual model of reflection in the clinical setting.

Results
Seventeen faculty and 20 residents from three institutions participated in six focus groups. Five themes emerged: triggers of reflection, intrinsic factors, extrinsic factors, timing, and outcome of reflection. Various triggers led to reflection; whether a specific trigger led to reflection depended on intrinsic and extrinsic factors. When reflection occurred, it happened in action or on action. Under optimal conditions, this reflection was goal and action directed and became critical reflection. In other instances, this process resulted in unproductive rumination or acted as an emotional release or supportive therapy.

Conclusions
Participants reflected in clinical settings, but did not always explicitly identify it as reflection or reflect in growth-promoting ways. Strategies to enhance critical reflection include developing knowledge and skills in reflection, providing performance data to inform reflection, creating time and space for safe reflection, and providing mentorship to guide the process.
Commentary: Racism and Bias in Health Professions Education: How Educators, Faculty Developers, and Researchers Can Make a Difference
Authors: Karani Reena , Varpio Lara , May Win , Horsley Tanya , Chenault John , Miller Karen Hughes , O’Brien Bridget 
Published: October 2017

The Research in Medical Education (RIME) Program Planning Committee is committed to advancing scholarship in and promoting dialogue about the critical issues of racism and bias in health professions education (HPE). From the call for studies focused on underrepresented learners and faculty in medicine to the invited 2016 RIME plenary address by Dr. Camara Jones, the committee strongly believes that dismantling racism is critical to the future of HPE.
The evidence is glaring: Dramatic racial and ethnic health disparities persist in the United States, people of color remain deeply underrepresented in medical school and academic health systems as faculty, learner experiences across the medical education continuum are fraught with bias, and current approaches to teaching perpetuate stereotypes and insufficiently challenge structural inequities. To achieve racial justice in HPE, academic medicine must commit to leveraging positions of influence and contributing from these positions. In this Commentary, the authors consider three roles (educator, faculty developer, and researcher) represented by the community of scholars and pose potential research questions as well as suggestions for advancing educational research relevant to eliminating racism and bias in HPE.