bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Unequal Gains from Trade
*
Authors: Fajgelbaum Pablo D. , Khandelwal Amit K. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Individuals that consume different baskets of goods are differentially affected by relative price changes caused by international trade. We develop a methodology to measure the unequal gains from trade across consumers within countries. The approach requires data on aggregate expenditures and parameters estimated from a nonhomothetic gravity equation. We find that trade typically favors the poor, who concentrate spending in more traded sectors.
InGaAs/InAlAs single photon avalanche diode for 1550 nm photons
Authors: Meng Xiao , Xie Shiyu , Zhou Xinxin , Calandri Niccolò , Sanzaro Mirko , Tosi Alberto , Tan Chee Hing , Ng Jo Shien 
Published: March 2016

A single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with an InGaAs absorption region, and an InAlAs avalanche region was designed and demonstrated to detect 1550 nm wavelength photons. The characterization included leakage current, dark count rate and single photon detection efficiency as functions of temperature from 210 to 294 K. The SPAD exhibited good temperature stability, with breakdown voltage dependence of approximately 45 mV K
−1
. Operating at 210 K and in a gated mode, the SPAD achieved a photon detection probability of 26% at 1550 nm with a dark count rate of 1 × 10
8
Hz. The time response of the SPAD showed decreasing timing jitter (full width at half maximum) with increasing overbias voltage, with 70 ps being the smallest timing jitter measured.
Pathway-Structured Predictive Model for Cancer Survival Prediction: A Two-Stage Approach
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Li Yan , Akinyemiju Tomi , Ojesina Akinyemi I. , Buckhaults Phillip , Liu Nianjun , Xu Bo , Yi Nengjun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHeterogeneity in terms of tumor characteristics, prognosis, and survival among cancer patients has been a persistent problem for many decades. Currently, prognosis and outcome predictions are made based on clinical factors and/or by incorporating molecular profiling data. However, inaccurate prognosis and prediction may result by using only clinical or molecular information directly. One of the main shortcomings of past studies is the failure to incorporate prior biological information into the predictive model, given strong evidence of pathway-based genetic nature of cancer, i.e. the potential for oncogenes to be grouped into pathways based on biological functions such as cell survival, proliferation and metastatic dissemination.To address this problem, we propose a two-stage procedure to incorporate pathway information into the prognostic modeling using large-scale gene expression data. In the first stage, we fit all predictors within each pathway using penalized Cox model (Lasso, Ridge and Elastic Net) and Bayesian hierarchical Cox model. In the second stage, we combine the cross-validated prognostic scores of all pathways obtained in the first stage as new predictors to build an integrated prognostic model for prediction. We apply the proposed method to analyze breast cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), predicting overall survival using clinical data and gene expression profiling. The data includes ~20000 genes mapped into 109 pathways for 505 patients. The results show that the proposed approach not only improves survival prediction compared with the alternative analysis that ignores the pathway information, but also identifies significant biological pathways.
A proposed rule for updating of the head direction cell reference frame following rotations in three dimensions
Authors: Wilson Jonathan , Page Hector , Jeffery Kate J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the mammalian brain, allocentric (Earth-referenced) heading direction, called azimuth, is encoded by head direction (HD) cells, which fire according to the facing direction of the rat’s head. If the animal is on a horizontal surface then egocentric (self-referenced) rotations of the head around the dorso-ventral axis, called yaw, correspond to changes in azimuth, and elicit appropriate updating of the HD signal. However, if the surface is sloping steeply then yaw rotations no longer map linearly to changes in azimuth. The brain could avoid the complex computations needed to compute global azimuth simply by always firing according to direction on the local surface; however, if the animal moves between surfaces having different compass orientations then errors would accumulate in the subsequent azimuth signal. These errors could be avoided if the HD system instead combines two updating rules: yaw rotations around the D-V axisandrotations of the D-V axis around the gravity-defined vertical axis. We show here that when rats move between vertical walls of different orientations then HD cells indeed rotate their activity by an amount corresponding to the amount of vertical-axis rotation. With modelling, we then show how this reference-frame rotation, which may be driven by inputs from the vestibular nuclei or vestibulocerebellum, allows animals to maintain a simple yaw-based updating rule while on a given plane, but also to avoid accumulation of heading errors when moving between planes, thus facilitating orientation during complex real-world navigation.
Genetic predictors of gene expression associated with risk of bipolar disorder
Authors: Shah Kaanan P. , Wheeler Heather E. , Gamazon Eric R. , Nicolae Dan L. , Cox Nancy J. , Im Hae Kyung 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) affects the quality of life of approximately 1% of the population and represents a major public health concern. It is known to be highly heritable but large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered only a handful of markers associated with the disease. Furthermore, the biological mechanisms underlying these markers need to be elucidated. We recently published a gene-level association test, PrediXcan that integrates transcriptome regulation data to characterize the function of these markers in a tissue specific manner. In this study, we developed prediction models for mRNA levels in 10 brain regions using data from the GTEx project and performed PrediXcan analysis in WTCCC as well as in an independent cohort, GAIN. We replicate the association between predicted expression ofPTPREand BD risk in whole blood and recapitulate the association in brain tissues.PTPREencodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type E, that is known to be involved in RAS signaling and activation of voltage-gated K+ channels. We also found a new genome-wide significant association between lower predicted expression ofBBX(bobby sox homolog) in the anterior cingulate cortex region of the brain and increased risk of BD (pWTCCC= 7.02 x 10−6, pGAIN= 4.68 x 10−3,pmeta= 1.11 x 10−7). In sum, we used our mechanistically informed approach, PrediXcan, to identify and replicate two novel genome-wide significant genes using existing GWAS studies.
Trophoblast survival signaling during human placentation requires HIF-induced transcription of HSP70
Authors: Jain Chandni V. , Jessmon Philip , Barrak Charbel T. , Bolnik Alan D. , Kilburn Brian A. , Hertz Michael , Randall Armant D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSurvival of trophoblast cells in the low oxygen environment of human placentation requires metalloproteinase-mediated shedding of HBEGF and downstream signaling. A matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) antibody array and quantitative RT-PCR revealed upregulation of MMP2 post-transcriptionally in human first trimester HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells and placental explants exposed to 2% O2. Specific MMP inhibitors established the requirement for MMP2 in HBEGF shedding and upregulation. Hypoxia inducible factors, HIF1A and EPAS1 (HIF2A), accumulated at 2% O2, and HIF target genes were identified by next-generation sequencing of RNA from trophoblast cells cultured at 2% O2for 0, 1, 2 and 4 hrs. Of nine genes containing HIF-response elements upregulated at 1 hour, only HSPA6 (HSP70B’) remained elevated after 4 hours. The HSP70 chaperone inhibitor VER155008 blocked upregulation of both MMP2 and HBEGF at 2% O2, and increased apoptosis. However, both HBEGF upregulation and apoptosis were rescued by exogenous MMP2. We propose that MMP2-mediated shedding of HBEGF, initiated by HSP70, contributes to trophoblast survival at the low O2levels encountered during the first trimester, and is essential for successful pregnancy outcomes.Summary StatementTrophoblast survival during human placentation, when oxygenation is minimal, required HIF-induced transcription of HSP70, which mediated MMP2 accumulation and the transactivation of anti-apoptotic ERBB signaling by HBEGF shedding.
Left-right leaf asymmetry in decussate and distichous phyllotactic systems
Authors: Martinez Ciera C. , Chitwood Daniel H. , Smith Richard S. , Sinha Neelima R. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTLeaves in plants with spiral phyllotaxy exhibit directional asymmetries, such that all the leaves originating from a meristem of a particular chirality are similarly asymmetric relative to each other. Models of auxin flux capable of recapitulating spiral phyllotaxis predict handed auxin asymmetries in initiating leaf primordia with empirically verifiable effects on superficially bilaterally symmetric leaves. Here, we extend a similar analysis of leaf asymmetry to decussate and distichous phyllotaxy. We found that our simulation models of these two patterns predicted mirrored asymmetries in auxin distribution in leaf primordia pairs. To empirically verify the morphological consequences of asymmetric auxin distribution, we analyzed the morphology of a tomatosister-of-pinformed1a(sopin1a) mutant,entire-2, in which spiral phyllotaxy consistently transitions to a decussate state. Shifts in the displacement of leaflets on the left and right sides ofentire-2leaf pairs mirror each other, corroborating predicted model results. We then analyze the shape of >800 commonivy (Hedera helix) and >3,000 grapevine (VitisandAmpelopsisspp.) leaf pairs and find statistical enrichment of predicted mirrored asymmetries. Our results demonstrate that left-right auxin asymmetries in models of decussate and distichous phyllotaxy successfully predict mirrored asymmetric leaf morphologies in superficially symmetric leaves.
Transdermal electrical neuromodulation of the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex improves sleep quality and mood
Authors: Boasso Alyssa M. , Mortimore Hailey , Silva Rhonda , Aven Linh , Tyler William J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAchieving optimal human performance that involves cognitive or physical work requires quality sleep and a positive mental attitude. The ascending reticular activating system (RAS) represents a powerful set of endogenous neuromodulatory circuits that gate and tune global brain responses to internal and external cues, thereby regulating consciousness, alertness, and attention. The activity of two major RAS nuclei, the locus coeruleus (LC) and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), can be altered by trigeminal nerve modulation. Monosynaptic afferent inputs from the sensory components of trigeminal nerve branches project to the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex (TSNC), which has direct and polysynaptic connections to the LC and PPN. We previously found high-frequency (7 – 11 kHz) transdermal electrical neuromodulation (TEN) of the trigeminal nerve rapidly induces physiological relaxation, dampens sympathetic nervous system responses to acute stress, and suppresses levels of noradrenergic biomarkers. Given the established roles of LC and PPN neuronal activity in sleep regulation, psychophysiological arousal, and stress, we conducted three studies designed to test hypotheses that modulation of the TSNC can improve sleep quality and mood in healthy individuals (n = 99). Across a total of 1,386 days monitored, we observed TEN modulation of trigeminal and cervical nerves prior to sleep onset produced significant improvements in sleep quality and affective states, quantified using clinically validated surveys, overnight actigraph and heart rate recordings, and biochemical analyses compared to baseline or sham controls. Moreover, we observed some frequency dependence in that TEN delivered at lower frequencies (TENLF; 0.50 – 0.75 kHz) was significantly more effective at improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety than higher frequency TEN waveforms. Collectively our results indicate that transdermal electrical neuromodulation of trigeminal and cervical nerve branches can influence TSNC activity in a manner that significantly improves sleep quality and significantly reduces stress. We conclude that biasing RAS network activity to optimize sleep efficiency and enhance mood by electrically modulating TSNC activity through its afferent inputs holds tremendous potential for optimizing mental health and human performance.
Exploring the role of leadership style on the service quality-customer satisfaction link
Authors: Pantouvakis Angelos , Patsiouras Christos 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of the leadership style on the service quality–customer satisfaction link.Design/methodology/approach– A special survey instrument was developed and tested with the use of exploratory factor and regression analyses.Findings– Data from 118 small enterprises were collected through personal interviews, and results supported that the level of leadership style moderates the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction despite what is commonly believed that leadership actually is a prerequisite of service quality.Practical/implications– Based on the fact that there is no literature connecting quality and satisfaction with leadership style, practitioners may be interested in finding out that executives’ behavior can influence the service provided to customers.Originality/value– Leadership style is a concept which has been associated with many variables such as service quality, performance and job satisfaction. In the marketing literature, it has been widely accepted that service quality is positively related to customer satisfaction. This work is the first trying to examine the effect of leadership style on service quality–customer satisfaction linkage under conditions of environmental uncertainty and instability.
Modularity matters: a critical review and synthesis of service modularity
Authors: Iman Nofie 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The literature on modularity is extensive, but most research has been concerned with the manufacturing sector and much less with the service sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existing research, to provide a critique of the empirical literature on service modularity and to discuss future research opportunities.Design/methodology/approach– To perform this analysis of service modularity, a list of top-tier journals in the field of business management and organisation was compiled. From there, each and every article was identified, examined, coded and classified into high-level themes. These were then reviewed, analysed and interpreted.Findings– This paper argues that the application of modularity in services will likely be influenced by certain characteristics that distinguish services from products. Second, modularity, from the service perspective, has been closely connected to productisation of services, and the discussion of modularity related to services has been greatly influenced by the earlier discussion on product modularity. This paper concludes that modularity in the service development context is still seeking its theoretical “identity” and requires further theoretical and empirical work on service design modularity conceptualisation, methods and measures.Originality/value– This paper has reviewed several significant fields with which research on service modularity has been concerned. It captures and presents the core notion of service modularity in a critical way that might spur further research in the field.
Customer orientation in a Swedish county council
Authors: Karlsson Margareta , Garvare Rickard , Zingmark Karin , Nordström Birgitta 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The use of the customer concept and ways of interacting with customers in support functions are relatively new areas of interest for public organizations. The purpose of this study is to describe the development toward a stronger customer orientation in a support function in a Swedish county council from a management team perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
– A revision of plans and annual reports and individual interviews with the members of a management team was done. The interviews were examined using qualitative content analysis.

Findings
– The results are presented in one overarching theme, the double-edged customer concept, and three themes, meeting the customer’s needs, being the customer’s specialist and developing in collaboration with the customer. The development of a customer orientation is illustrated as a spiral involving the concepts of understanding, wanting and acting.

Originality/value
– The paper contributes to a new understanding of how customer orientation develops in the context of public organizations’ support functions.
Molecular and Structural Characterization of a Novel Escherichia coli Interleukin Receptor Mimic Protein
Authors: Moriel Danilo G. , Heras Begoña , Paxman Jason J. , Lo Alvin W. , Tan Lendl , Sullivan Matthew J. , Dando Samantha J. , Beatson Scott A. , Ulett Glen C. , Schembri Mark A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a disease of extremely high incidence in both community and nosocomial settings. UTIs cause significant morbidity and mortality, with approximately 150 million cases globally per year. Uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC) is the primary cause of UTI and is generally treated empirically. However, the rapidly increasing incidence of UTIs caused by multidrug-resistant UPEC strains has led to limited available treatment options and highlights the urgent need to develop alternative treatment and prevention strategies. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis to define the regulation, structure, function, and immunogenicity of recently identified UPEC vaccine candidate C1275 (here referred to as IrmA). We showed that the
irmA
gene is highly prevalent in UPEC, is cotranscribed with the biofilm-associated antigen 43 gene, and is regulated by the global oxidative stress response OxyR protein. Localization studies identified IrmA in the UPEC culture supernatant. We determined the structure of IrmA and showed that it adopts a unique domain-swapped dimer architecture. The dimeric structure of IrmA displays similarity to those of human cytokine receptors, including the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R), and interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) binding domains, and we showed that purified IrmA can bind to their cognate cytokines. Finally, we showed that plasma from convalescent urosepsis patients contains high IrmA antibody titers, demonstrating the strong immunogenicity of IrmA. Taken together, our results indicate that IrmA may play an important role during UPEC infection.

IMPORTANCE
Uropathogenic
E. coli
(UPEC) is the primary cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), a disease of major significance to human health. Globally, the incidence of UPEC-mediated UTI is strongly associated with increasing antibiotic resistance, making this extremely common infection a major public health concern. In this report, we describe the regulatory, structural, functional, and immunogenic properties of a candidate UPEC vaccine antigen, IrmA. We demonstrate that IrmA is a small UPEC protein that forms a unique domain-swapped dimer with structural mimicry to several human cytokine receptors. We also show that IrmA binds to IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10, is strongly immunogenic in urosepsis patients, and is coexpressed with factors associated with biofilm formation. Overall, this work suggests a potential novel contribution for IrmA in UPEC infection.
Impact analysis studies of clinical prediction rules relevant to primary care: a systematic review
Authors: Wallace Emma , Uijen Maike J M , Clyne Barbara , Zarabzadeh Atieh , Keogh Claire , Galvin Rose , Smith Susan M , Fahey Tom 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesFollowing appropriate validation, clinical prediction rules (CPRs) should undergo impact analysis to evaluate their effect on patient care. The aim of this systematic review is to narratively review and critically appraise CPR impact analysis studies relevant to primary care.SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsAdults and children.InterventionStudies that implemented the CPR compared to usual care were included.Study designRandomised controlled trial (RCT), controlled before–after, and interrupted time series.Primary outcomePhysician behaviour and/or patient outcomes.ResultsA total of 18 studies, incorporating 14 unique CPRs, were included. The main study design was RCT (n=13). Overall, 10 studies reported an improvement in primary outcome with CPR implementation. Of 6 musculoskeletal studies, 5 were effective in altering targeted physician behaviour in ordering imaging for patients presenting with ankle, knee and neck musculoskeletal injuries. Of 6 cardiovascular studies, 4 implemented cardiovascular risk scores, and 3 reported no impact on physician behaviour outcomes, such as prescribing and referral, or patient outcomes, such as reduction in serum lipid levels. 2 studies examined CPRs in decision-making for patients presenting with chest pain and reduced inappropriate admissions. Of 5 respiratory studies, 2 were effective in reducing antibiotic prescribing for sore throat following CPR implementation. Overall, study methodological quality was often unclear due to incomplete reporting.ConclusionsDespite increasing interest in developing and validating CPRs relevant to primary care, relatively few have gone through impact analysis. To date, research has focused on a small number of CPRs across few clinical domains only.