bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRANSFER OF A JUMP-LANDING TASK TO SIDESTEP CUTTING: IMPLICATIONS FOR ACL INJURY PREVENTION
Authors: Benjaminse Anne , Welling Wouter , Otten Bert , Gokeler Alli 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIt is unknown if learned motor skills as practiced in ACL injury prevention training carry over to other tasks.ObjectiveDetermine if training of a jump-landing task results in transfer of improvement in lower extremity biomechanics during sidestep cutting.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingControlled laboratory setting, recreational athletes.ParticipantsTwenty male and twenty female healthy team ball sport athletes were randomly assigned to a verbal internal focus (IF, n=10), verbal external focus (EF, n=10), video (VI, n=10) or control group (CTRL, n=10).InterventionsA jump-landing task was performed at baseline followed by training blocks (TR1 and TR2), an immediate post-test and an one-week retention test. Subjects in the IF, EF and VI groups received group specific instructions in TR1 and TR2. Transfer was determined after one week with a 45° unanticipated sidestep cutting task.Main Outcome MeasurementsHip and knee flexion range of motion (ROM).ResultsDuring sidestep cutting, males in the VI (5.1°±1.0) and CTRL (5.1°±1.0) group showed greater hip flexion ROM compared to the IF (3.7°±0.0) and EF (3.0°±1.5) groups (p<0.05). For females, the VI group (7.0°±1.0) showed greater hip flexion ROM compared to the IF (0.6°±0.0), EF (1.3°±0.7) and CTRL (2.7°±0.0) groups (p<0.05). The EF (males −15.8°±3.9, females −11.0°±3.0) and VI (males −15.1°±2.6, females −16.7°±1.8) groups showed greater knee flexion ROM compared to the IF (males −6.6°±3.9, females −6.0°±1.3) group (p<0.05).ConclusionsAthletes who received VI instructions demonstrated transfer of improved movement technique from jump-landing to sidestep cutting. Adding visual instruction to ACL injury prevention programs seems promising for transfer to sport specific situations.
DECISION-MAKING AND TECHNIQUE: EVIDENCE FOR INCREASED HEAD INJURY RISK DURING TACKLING IN RUGBY UNION
Authors: Tucker Ross 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe tackle is the most injurious game event in Rugby Union. We recently found that tackles account for 76% of head injury events in professional rugby. Specific analysis of the tackle is required to understand how interventions such as law change or educational programmes can minimize head-injury risk from tackles.ObjectiveAnalyze tackles to identify high risk situations and behaviors.DesignProspective cohort study.Setting1,516 Rugby matches in six professional tournaments.ParticipantsHead injury cases resulting from tackles.Assessment of Risk FactorsA professional video analyst evaluated every tackle-induced head injury event. Propensity was calculated for various tackle characteristics.Main Outcome MeasurementsHead-injury propensity for tackles, focused on tackle type, player's speeds and body positions.Results464 Head Injury Events (HIEs) occurred during tackles, with a propensity of 1.94 HIEs/1000 tackles. For body position, the greatest risk was for falling ball carriers (9.8 HIEs/1000 tackles), or for upright tacklers (2.44 HIEs/1000 tackles). In combination, risk was highest when both players were upright, particularly for active shoulder tackles (17.4 HIEs/1000 tackles). Regardless of the tackler position, the lowest risk was for a ball carrier bent at the waist (1.15 HIEs/1000 tackles). Regarding speed, for static or low-speed tacklers, HIE risk increased with ball-carrier speed. However, when the tackler was at high speed, HIE risk decreased from 6.1 HIEs/1000 tackles for a static ball-carrier to 3.3 HIEs/1000 tackles for a high-speed tackler.ConclusionsComplex interplay exists between tackle type, body position and speeds. The ability to anticipate and protect oneself in a tackle is crucial for reduced risk, as is the correct selection of tackle type and direction based on relative speeds. The execution of higher force tackles to avoid high risk head impacts is also critical. Decision-making and tackle execution offer potential areas for intervention to reduce HIE risk.
IS MOVEMENT OF LOWER EXTREMITY DURING SPORTS MANEUVERS SIMILAR?
Authors: Urabe Yukio , Nobuaki Moriyama , Miho Morita , Yuta Suzuki , Noriaki Maeda 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury occurs in left leg more frequently than right leg. Authors have developed new screening test using a situationally bicycle to detecting malalignment represented by a toe-out which may cause ACL injuries during sports.ObjectiveTo measure foot abduction (toe-out) angle during pedalling movement in collegiate athletes and to examine whether pedalling movement can detect by comparing with those during running.DesignRepeated measures design.SettingLaboratory setting.Patients (or Participants)A total of 120 collegiate basketball athletes with no orthopaedic diagnosis in lower extremities participated in this study. This study was approved by the institutional review board of Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University (ID:1335).Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Pedalling movement and running.Main Outcome MeasurementsFoot abduction (toe-out) angle during pedalling was calculated based on video images. To compare foot abduction angle between during pedaling and straight running and circle running (clockwise and counterclockwise) was also measured.ResultsHigher foot abduction angle was observed in right feet (5.7°±3.5°) compared with those in left feet (4.5°±2.9°) during pedalling (p<0.05). The same difference was observed in straight running (p<0.05). Especially, during circle running, foot adduction angle of outside feet was larger compared with inside feet (p<0.05). In addition, the angle of right feel during counterclockwise circle running was larger compared with that of left feet during clockwise running (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe result of this study showed that foot abduction angle during pedalling movement was similar to that during running. Foot abduction angle of right was larger compared with that of left. This tendency was remarkable during circle ruining. Although, this result is contradict to the fact that ACL injury during sports occurs more frequently in left legs compared with right legs, it deserves further discussion.
RISK FACTORS FOR GROIN INJURIES IN ELITE MALE SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: van Beijsterveldt Anne-Marie , Tak Igor , Langhout Rob , Stubbe Janine 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundGroin pain is common in sports. More insight in risk factors is important to prevent groin injuries.ObjectiveTo examine potential risk factors for groin injuries.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingProject focusing on prevention and rehabilitation of groin injuries in elite male soccer players.ParticipantsTeams of the first and second division in the Netherlands were invited to participate. The final cohort consisted of 238 players from 10 teams.Assessment of risk factorsDuring the 2015-preseason the soccer players were examined through a baseline questionnaire on player characteristics and complaints (including Hip And Groin Outcome Score, HAGOS), and a clinical examination of the hip/groin (including several Range of Motion (ROM) tests and eccentric strength tests).Main outcome measurementsThe dependent variable is the occurrence of a groin injury. The hypothesis is that intrinsic risk factors, like previous (groin) injuries, hip/groin complaints, low hip ROM, and low hip muscle strength, are associated with increased risk of groin injuries. Logistic regression analyses were used to analyse the relationship between the occurrence of a groin injury and potential risk factors.ResultsIn total, 28 groin injuries were reported, affecting 21 players. The incidence of groin injuries was 0.14 injuries per 1000 training hours (95% CI 0.06–0.31), and 2.41 injuries per 1000 match hours (95% CI 1.30–4.48). There were 6 minor injuries (time-loss <7 days), 7 moderate injuries (8–28 days) and 8 severe injuries (>28 days). In a multivariate model only injury history (moderate/severe injury during the previous season) was significantly associated with increased risk of groin injuries (OR=3.11, 95% CI 1.20–8.09, p=0.02). A multivariate analysis without minor injuries revealed no significant risk factors.ConclusionInjury history is a significant risk factor for groin injuries: players with an injury lasting at least one week previous season have a three times higher injury risk.
PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE ON THE EFFICACY OF CRANIAL OSTEOPATHY IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL
Authors: Burm Frederic Van , Goedhart Arnold 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe training and match injury-incidence in professional men's football remains high and current preventive strategies only seem partially effective, allowing players to present with intrinsic weaknesses each consecutive season. Professional football is a balance-reliant, open skill performed in an environment rich in visual, vestibular and proprioceptive input. Pre-season balance ability - a significant independent intrinsic predictor of injuries and a long-term persisting between-individual difference in injury susceptibility – depends on this input. Measurements of postural control while in a unilateral stance have been shown to predict football injury-susceptibility. Therefore, effective prevention of injury may start with the measurement of postural control followed by interventions targeted at internal risk factor(s). Stomatognathic conditions/malocclusion may have a strong negative impact on the athletes proprioceptive abilities. Therefore, the primary question in this study was: do cranial osteopathic interventions that reduce malocclusion to the better improve balance control in male elite football players?AimThis study aimed at investigating dental/occlusal factors and unilateral balance as non-contact injury risk factors in professional football players and the contribution of osteopathic techniques to decrease these risks.MethodSixty three injury-free male professional football players with malocclusion were recruited amongst three Belgian Premier League teams and were tested individually. Balance was measured using COF area recordings during a validated unipodal force plate balance test. Four balance test conditions (dominant/non-dominant leg×eyes open/closed) were used to evaluate the short-term effects of three standardized cranial osteopathic techniques.ResultsAll the post-treatment measures show smaller mean COF values (balance improvement) when compared to pre-treatment base-line recordings, with the strongest improvement for the conditions with eyes closed (paired t-test, p<0.0005). Indicators of stomatognathic conditions showed significant correlations with base-line COF and balance improvement.ConclusionsThis study indicates that cranial osteopathic interventions with professional football players result in substantial improvement of balance in challenging test conditions (i.e. standing on one leg with eyes closed), and especially if one or more specific stomatognathic conditions are present. Improvement of balance as a non-specific indicator of injury susceptibility and of soccer performance is a dynamic process that involves many features, that could be included in future prospective studies. The results are suggestive for implementation of this approach in football, but at the same time point at the need for follow-up studies with a larger sample size and long-term evaluation.
LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN SPORT
Authors: Vertommen Tine , Kampen Jarl , Veldhoven Nicolette Schipper-van , Eede Filip Van Den 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundA recent prevalence study in the Netherlands and Belgium showed that 38% of children in sport experienced psychological violence, 11% physical violence, and 14% sexual violence. Ethnic minority, lesbian/gay/bisexual (LGB) and disabled athletes, and those competing at the international level reported significantly more experiences with interpersonal violence in sport.ObjectiveWhile general literature has repeatedly shown that exposure to interpersonal violence in childhood is associated with adverse psychological outcomes in adulthood, this relationship has not yet been demonstrated in athletes. This study aims to explore the long-term consequences of these experiences on adult psychopathology and quality of life.DesignA cross-sectional, retrospective design, using an online survey, provides a prevalence estimate of interpersonal violence in sport in a representative sample of adults, prescreened on having participated in organized sport before the age of 18 (N=4043). In this sample, psychopathology (depression, anxiety and somatic problems) was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory. Quality of life was measured with the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL BREF). Using Poisson and ordinal logistic regression, the impact on psychopathology and quality of life was investigated, while controlling for demographics, as well as disability, sexual orientation and adverse childhood experiences outside sport.ResultsModerate and severe experiences with interpersonal violence in sport (psychological, physical and sexual) proved to have a significant negative impact on psychopathology and quality of life in adulthood.ConclusionsThis study shows that interpersonal violence against children in sport is related to mental health problems and lower quality of life in adulthood. With its Consensus Statement on non-accidental violence in sport, the IOC gives a strong impetus to prioritize athlete welfare and implement prevention policies. Sport medicine practitioners can actively contribute to a safer sports climate by being attentive to signs of violence against athletes and effectively respond to disclosures.
INJURY TYPES, INJURY RISKED BODY PARTS AND SPORT TYPE SPECIFICITY OF ELITE ATHLETES
Authors: Wang Victor , Mayer Frank , Hang Yi-Hsiong 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundElite athletes' injuries are multi-factorial and sport specific. However, the inter-relationships between sport type characteristics and injury types and related variables are not clear.ObjectiveTo test the inter-relationships between 2 injury related variables and 2 adapted sport types of elite athletes.Design and SettingA bi-national, cross-sectional and retrospective injury incident survey was conducted. Currently active or retired national delegation athletes trained for international competitions of Olympic sports were targeted.Participants269 Taiwanese (f/m: 119/150, age 23±6.7) and 66 German (f/m: 32/34, age=25.8±6.9) elite athletes were recruited from national sport training centres, sport federations and universities.Assessment of Risk FactorsThe assessment of injury incidence and injury risk of body parts was conducted by adapting 8 injury types (muscle, bone_acute, bone_chronic, tissue_chronic, exceeded range of motion, connective tissue, soft tissue and others) and 4 body sections (head & neck, chest & back, upper_extremity and lower_extremity) categorized from total of 87 injury options on entry form. Five sport_formats (individual_no contact, team_no contact, team_contact, individual_combat, team_combat) and 5 sport_locations (on land_no locomotion, on land_with locomotion, on water, in snow, on ice) categories were used to classify 38 original Olympic sport types.Main Outcome MeasurementsSport training related injury incidences were taken as outcome measurement. 2 adapted sport related category-variables (sport_format and sport_location) were formulated for test of hypothesis.ResultsSport_format variable influenced the results of 4 injury types (muscle, bone_chronic, exceeded range-of-motion and connecting-tissues) and 1 injured body section (head&neck) significantly. Sport_location variable influenced the results of 4 injury types (muscle, bone_acute, tissue_chronic and exceeded range-of-motion) and 3 injured body sections (head & neck, upper extremity and lower extremity). Age influenced the results of 3 injury types (bone_chronic, tissues_chronic and other injuries) and all 4 body sections. Gender influenced the results of connecting tissue type of injury and the injury result of head & neck section.ConclusionsWith these sport type, injury type/injury section specificity information, elite athletes, coach and sport trainer/therapist can further utilize and build detailed injury prevention or rehabilitation program.
EXERCISE ASSOCIATED HYPONATREMIA (EAH) AND FLUID INTAKE DURING THE 2016 LONDON MARATHON
Authors: Whatmough Steven , Mears Stephen , Kipps Courtney 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundExercise-Associated Hyponatremia (EAH) is a potentially fatal condition during endurance exercise (Petzoldet al, 2007). Excessive fluid intake over and above normal fluid losses is the most common risk factor in the development of EAH. A “drink to thirst” fluid regime is considered best practice (Hew-Butleret al, 2015).ObjectiveTo investigate fluid intake and changes in serum sodium concentrations ([Na]+) in runners during a marathonDesignProspective observational study.Setting2016 London Marathon.Participants28 amateur athletes were recruited at the marathon registration.Independent VariablesOnline and printed medical advice was available to all participants. A drink to thirst fluid regime was recommended to all athletes by the event organisers.Main Outcome MeasuresSerum sodium samples were collected and body mass measured at the marathon start and finish lines. Questionnaires regarding estimated fluid intake data were collected at the finish.ResultsThe average volume of fluid intake during the marathon was 1.4 litres (range 0–5.5 litres). Change in serum sodium concentration was inversely correlated with change in body mass (r=−0.383, p=0.044) and with estimated fluid intake (r=−0.406, p=0.032). A significant correlation between fluid intake and weight change was not found. The average pre-race and post-race [Na]+were 141.7 mmol/L and 141.5 mmol/L, respectively (p=0.8673). One runner (1/28, 3.6%) was found to have asymptomatic hyponatraemia ([Na]++=130 mmol/L). This runner had consumed an estimated 5l of fluid over the course of the marathon. A trend in correlation was seen between fluid intake and race time (r=0.349, p=0.069).ConclusionsRunners consumed potentially dangerous volumes of fluid during a marathon despite the written guidance recommending against such practices. The consequence of this behaviour is overhydration and an increased risk of developing potentially fatal EAH. The optimal medium for runner education on safe drinking practices is yet to be determined.
SEQUENCING JUDGEMENT SKILLS AND DECISIONS-MADE ON RUGBY ATHLETES: AN ANALYSIS ON INJURY PREVENTION
Authors: Broughton Henare R 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo analyse rugby athletes' judgement knowledge and decisions-made where there is the potential to minimise error and prevent injury.Material and methodsA prospective cohort of 300 rugby athletes participated in the Division 2A Senior Rugby All-Ireland Championships in the period of 2010–2011. The athletes came from the Dublin University Football Club and opposing Clubs and the ten match fixtures videoed, injury data were collated with informed consent obtained.ResultsTime durations for the scrum had a mean throw in – clearance of 3.128 s (SD 2.109), the tackle, mean clearance time 4.135 s (SD 3.0320) and the lineout, mean throw in – clearance 4.072 s (SD 3.2584). On space dimensions the scrum, short-arm binding was preferred, Fisher's exact test: p-value=0.094 and variations in alignment, p-value=0.056. Of the injury data a Chi-squared test, confirmed significant differences p<0.05 with the hooker compared to the locks in the scrum 33.156 for cervical and lumbar spinal injuries respectively. In open play, loose forwards sustained cervical injuries, p<0.05 due to the tackle compared to midfield backs 28.917 with lower limb injuries attributed to running and being tackled.ConclusionsJudgement analysis on the scrum, tackle, and lineout showed consistent delays in recovery and completion from ball clearances respectively. Variations in alignments occurred with inconsistencies at the post-set in the scrum. In contrast applying Judgement knowledge with reference to the Laws of the Game there is the potential to minimise error and prevent injury.
RELIABILITY, PRECISION OF MEASUREMENT AND MINIMAL DETECTABLE DIFFERENCE OF RIGHT AND LEFT KNEE EXTENSION FORCE SENSE MEASUREMENT IN UNINJURED ADULT MALE FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Clark Nicholas , Rolleston Mark 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundProprioception (joint position sense (JPS), kinaesthesia, force sense (FS)) is of interest in knee injury prevention. Recent work reports existing knee proprioception tests are inadequate relative to gaining better understanding of knee functional joint stability and injury aetiology.ObjectiveTo determine critical psychometric properties of a new knee extension FS test in uninjured, adult, male football players. Hypotheses: 1. the test would demonstrate good reliability; 2. there would be no between-limb significant differences.DesignBetween-day (D1/D2) repeated measures.SettingUniversity sensorimotor control laboratory.ParticipantsTwelve university team players (age (mean±SD) 21.1±1.5 years; height 177.5±9.3 cm; mass 77.1±15.4 kg) participated.InterventionsPlayers were seated on an isokinetic dynamometer set to isometric mode, the knee flexed 45°. A knee extension target trial-reproduction trial sequence was repeated five times, FS measured in Newtons (N), between-trial differences designated absolute error (AE), average AE used for analyses. Limb order was randomized for D1 and repeated D2.Main Outcome MeasuresSystematic error (paired t-test; Cohen's d (d)); relative reliability (ICC 2,k); absolute reliability (standard error of measurement (SEM)); measurement change needed to detect true physiological differences (minimal detectable difference (MDD)); between-limb differences (D2 values; paired t-test).ResultsThere were no significant differences between D1 and D2 values for either limb (P>0.90; d<0.03). The ICC (2,k), SEM and MDD were: right=0.81, 3.3N, 9.1N; left=0.78, 3.8N and 10.4N. There were no significant between-limb differences (P=0.75).ConclusionsThere was no systematic error. The FS test demonstrated good reliability. The measurement error and change needed to detect true physiological change were established. There were no between-limb differences. The knee extension FS test offers a new knee proprioception test that can be used in studies of knee functional joint stability and injury aetiology in adult male football players.