bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal dynamics in excitable homogeneous random networks composed of periodically self-sustained oscillation
Authors: Qian Yu , Liu Fei , Yang Keli , Zhang Ge , Yao Chenggui , Ma Jun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe collective behaviors of networks are often dependent on the network connections and bifurcation parameters, also the local kinetics plays an important role in contributing the consensus of coupled oscillators. In this paper, we systematically investigate the influence of network structures and system parameters on the spatiotemporal dynamics in excitable homogeneous random networks (EHRNs) composed of periodically self-sustained oscillation (PSO). By using the dominant phase-advanced driving (DPAD) method, the one-dimensional (1D) Winfree loop is exposed as the oscillation source supporting the PSO, and the accurate wave propagation pathways from the oscillation source to the whole network are uncovered. Then, an order parameter is introduced to quantitatively study the influence of network structures and system parameters on the spatiotemporal dynamics of PSO in EHRNs. Distinct results induced by the network structures and the system parameters are observed. Importantly, the corresponding mechanisms are revealed. PSO influenced by the network structures are induced not only by the change of average path length (APL) of network, but also by the invasion of 1D Winfree loop from the outside linking nodes. Moreover, PSO influenced by the system parameters are determined by the excitation threshold and the minimum 1D Winfree loop. Finally, we confirmed that the excitation threshold and the minimum 1D Winfree loop determined PSO will degenerate as the system size is expanded.
High-quality, ecologically sound remediation of acidic soil using bicarbonate-rich swine wastewater
Authors: Qilu Cheng , Xueling Wu , ligen Xu , Hui Lin , Yuhua Zhao , Qifa Zhou 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe swine industry in China is experiencing a wastewater crisis. In this work, we found that swine wastewaters were particularly high in bicarbonate (1.52–9.25 g/L, mean = 5.68 g/L, n = 42). The high level of bicarbonate may add to the pollution load during discharge. We therefore suggest a new method for bicarbonate-rich wastewater remediation in acidic soil. In our laboratory irrigation experiments, wastewater irrigation efficiently increased the pH and decreased the exchangeable aluminum in the acidic soil. Furthermore, the wastewater method efficiently remediated the entire soil body, while lime application remediated only a portion of the topsoil. Wastewater irrigation also improved soil fertility (e.g., by increasing the phosphorus availability in acid soil).
Chemical content of the circumstellar envelope of the oxygen-rich AGB star R Doradus
Authors: Van de Sande M. , Decin L. , Lombaert R. , Khouri T. , de Koter A. , Wyrowski F. , De Nutte R. , Homan W. 
Published: September 2017

Context. The stellar outflows of low- to intermediate-mass stars are characterised by a rich chemistry. Condensation of molecular gas species into dust grains is a key component in a chain of physical processes that leads to the onset of a stellar wind. In order to improve our understanding of the coupling between the micro-scale chemistry and macro-scale dynamics, we need to retrieve the abundance of molecules throughout the outflow.
Aims. Our aim is to determine the radial abundance profile of SiO and HCN throughout the stellar outflow of R Dor, an oxygen-rich AGB star with a low mass-loss rate. SiO is thought to play an essential role in the dust-formation process of oxygen-rich AGB stars. The presence of HCN in an oxygen-rich environment is thought to be due to non-equilibrium chemistry in the inner wind.
Methods. We analysed molecular transitions of CO, SiO, and HCN measured with the APEX telescope and all three instruments on the Herschel Space Observatory, together with data available in the literature. Photometric data and the infrared spectrum measured by ISO-SWS were used to constrain the dust component of the outflow. Using both continuum and line radiative transfer methods, a physical envelope model of both gas and dust was established. We performed an analysis of the SiO and HCN molecular transitions in order to calculate their abundances.
Results. We have obtained an envelope model that describes the dust and the gas in the outflow, and determined the abundance of SiO and HCN throughout the region of the stellar outflow probed by our molecular data. For SiO, we find that the initial abundance lies between 5.5 × 10-5 and 6.0 × 10-5 with respect to H2. The abundance profile is constant up to 60 ± 10 R∗, after which it declines following a Gaussian profile with an e-folding radius of 3.5 ± 0.5 × 1013 cm or 1.4 ± 0.2 R∗. For HCN, we find an initial abundance of 5.0 × 10-7 with respect to H2. The Gaussian profile that describes the decline starts at the stellar surface and has an e-folding radius re of 1.85 ± 0.05 × 1015 cm or 74 ± 2 R∗.
Conclusions. We cannot unambiguously identify the mechanism by which SiO is destroyed at 60 ± 10 R∗. The initial abundances found are higher than previously determined (except for one previous study on SiO), which might be due to the inclusion of higher-J transitions. The difference in abundance for SiO and HCN compared to high mass-loss rate Mira star IK Tau might be due to different pulsation characteristics of the central star and/or a difference in dust condensation physics.
Ein Abschied und drei „Neue“
Authors: Buchner Helmut 
Published: September 2017

Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser,nach 12 Jahren engagierter Mitarbeit hat sich Prof. Dr. med. Detlef Claus aus dem Herausgebergremium der Klinischen Neurophysiologie verabschiedet. Mit der Jahrestagung 2017 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Klinische Neurophysiologie und Funktionelle Bildgebung (DGKN) in Leipzig hat Prof. Claus den Staffelstab des 1. Sekretärs der Gesellschaft an Prof. Witte weitergegeben – nach dessen Wahl durch die Mitgliederversammlung.
BCGitis mit Lungen-, Leber- und Knochenmarksbeteiligung nach Immuntherapie eines Urothelkarzinoms
Authors: Geerdes-Fenge Hilte , Stubbe Franziska , Löbermann Micha , Warnke Philipp , Erbersdobler Andreas , Reisinger Emil 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Ein 77-jähriger Patient mit transurethral reseziertem Urothelkarzinom wurde aufgrund von persistierendem Fieber und progredienter Dyspnoe weiterverlegt, nachdem eine kalkulierte Antibiotikatherapie bei vermutetem Harnwegsinfekt erfolglos war. Die erneute Anamneseerhebung ergab den Hinweis auf eine BCG-Instillation zur Behandlung des nicht muskelinvasiven Urothelkarzinoms am Tag vor dem Auftreten des Fiebers, sodass eine BCGitis vermutet wurde.
Untersuchungen Laborchemisch bestanden Panzytopenie, erhöhte Leberwerte, erhöhtes CRP und Hypoxämie. Im Thorax-CT wurden multiple miliare Herde nachgewiesen, in der Knochenmarkshistologie zeigten sich epitheloidzellige Granulome.
Diagnose M. bovis BCG wurde aus dem Urin und der bronchoalveolären Lavage angezüchtet.
Therapie und Verlauf Unter Therapie mit Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol und initial Prednisolon kam es zur raschen Besserung.
Folgerung Die BCGitis ist eine seltene Komplikation der BCG-Immuntherapie des nicht-muskelinvasiven Blasenkarzinoms.
Optimal deployment of resources for maximizing impact in spreading processes
Authors: Lokhov Andrey Y. , Saad David 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Spreading processes play an increasingly important role in marketing, opinion setting, and epidemic modeling. Most existing algorithms for optimal resource allocation in spreading processes are based on topological characteristics of the underlying network and aim to maximize impact at infinite time. Clearly, realistic and efficient real-time allocation policies should consider both network properties and details of the dynamics; additionally, control may be applied only to a restricted set of accessible nodes, and impact should be maximized in a limited time window. We introduce a probabilistic targeting framework that incorporates the dynamics and encompasses previously considered optimization formulations. It is based on a scalable dynamic message-passing approach that allows for the solution of large real-world network instances.
On the origin of shape fluctuations of the cell nucleus
Authors: Chu Fang-Yi , Haley Shannon C. , Zidovska Alexandra 
Published: September 2017

Significance
While it is known that the shape and size of the cell nucleus change dramatically during the cell cycle, we find that the cell nucleus also exhibits subtle, but measurable, fast shape fluctuations at seconds. We find that the amplitude of these fluctuations systematically decreases during the cell cycle, thus serving as a reliable cell cycle stage indicator. Our findings show that the nucleus undergoes both thermally and actively driven undulations, the latter caused by forces from chromatin and cytoskeleton. Such undulations might affect gene regulation as well as aid the nuclear transport. Understanding the mechanism behind such undulations could prove critical for illuminating dynamic behavior of the nucleus in health and disease.
Meta-analysis of field experiments shows no change in racial discrimination in hiring over time
Authors: Quillian Lincoln , Pager Devah , Hexel Ole , Midtbøen Arnfinn H. 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceMany scholars have argued that discrimination in American society has decreased over time, while others point to persisting race and ethnic gaps and subtle forms of prejudice. The question has remained unsettled due to the indirect methods often used to assess levels of discrimination. We assess trends in hiring discrimination against African Americans and Latinos over time by analyzing callback rates from all available field experiments of hiring, capitalizing on the direct measure of discrimination and strong causal validity of these studies. We find no change in the levels of discrimination against African Americans since 1989, although we do find some indication of declining discrimination against Latinos. The results document a striking persistence of racial discrimination in US labor markets.
Local optical control of ferromagnetism and chemical potential in a topological insulator
Authors: Yeats Andrew L. , Mintun Peter J. , Pan Yu , Richardella Anthony , Buckley Bob B. , Samarth Nitin , Awschalom David D. 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceFerromagnetic topological insulators (TIs) have promise for applications in spintronics, metrology, and quantum computing. However, TI materials are fragile and often incompatible with nanofabrication techniques. Here, we demonstrate persistent, micron-scale optical control of both magnetization and chemical potential in Cr-(Bi,Sb)2Te3grown on SrTiO3. We show that this system is uniquely positioned to enable arbitrary routing of the quantized edge states recently discovered in magnetic TIs. We also use Kerr and photocurrent microscopies to image magnetic inversion dynamics,p-njunctions, and magnetic recordings that we make in these materials. This work may enable dynamic, reconfigurable control of 1D quantum channels.
The gesture-sign interface in language acquisition
Authors: Guidetti Michèle , Morgenstern Aliyah 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The aim of this special issue is to present and pursue the challenging discussions about the links between gestures and signs and their theoretical and methodological impact that took place during the GDR ADYLOC workshop (GDR CNRS 3195) on April 4–5 2014 at Sorbonne Nouvelle University in Paris. The ADYLOC research group (led by Maya Hickmann and financed by the CNRS between 2009 and 2015) assembled a large number of French specialists around the topic Languages, Oral Language and Cognition: Acquisition and Dysfunction. This setting favored high quality scientific exchanges that brought about new questions, opened new fields and lead to a number of collective research projects.
Deaf and hearing children’s picture naming
Authors: Thompson Robin L. , England Rachel , Woll Bencie , Lu Jenny , Mumford Katherine , Morgan Gary 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Stefanini, Bello, Caselli, Iverson, & Volterra (2009) reported that Italian 24–36 month old children use a high proportion of representational gestures to accompany their spoken responses when labelling pictures. The two studies reported here used the same naming task with (1) typically developing 24–46-month-old hearing children acquiring English and (2) 24–63-month-old deaf children of deaf and hearing parents acquiring British Sign Language (BSL) and spoken English. In Study 1 children scored within the range of correct spoken responses previously reported, but produced very few representational gestures. However, when they did gesture, they expressed the same action meanings as reported in previous research. The action bias was also observed in deaf children of hearing parents in Study 2, who labelled pictures with signs, spoken words and gestures. The deaf group with deaf parents used BSL almost exclusively with few additional gestures. The function of representational gestures in spoken and signed vocabulary development is considered in relation to differences between native and non-native sign language acquisition.
La négation chez les enfants signeurs et non signeurs
Authors: Blondel Marion , Boutet Dominique , Beaupoil-Hourdel Pauline , Morgenstern Aliyah 
Published: September 2017

RésuméCet article présente une étude de cas de l’expression de la négation jusqu’à 3 ans chez quatre enfants évoluant dans des environnements langagiers différents : majoritairement monolingue (anglais, français, LSF) ou bilingue (LSF-français), majoritairement unimodal (modalité visuo-gestuelle de la LSF) ou bimodal (visuo-gestuelle et audio-vocale). Nous décrivons l’émergence et le développement d’une expression gestuelle multimodale, selon que la langue cible intègre (LSF) ou non (anglais, français) cette gestuelle dans sa grammaire, et explorons ainsi l’interface geste-signe. Nous nous attardons sur deux formes gestuelles présentes dans les productions de quatre enfants pour en déterminer les invariants kinésiologiques sous forme de « patrons gestuels contrastifs » et nous analysons la façon dont ces patrons dessinent des sous-ensembles sémantiques dans l’expression gestuelle de la négation et son acquisition.
Phenethyl isothiocyanate protects against H2O2-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Authors: Nagami Moe , Ito Yoshiaki , Nagasawa Takashi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Obesity is associated with systemic oxidative stress and leads to insulin resistance. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a natural dietary isothiocyanate, has been shown to have beneficial effects in improving cellular defense activities against oxidative stress through activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. However, little evidence exists if the antioxidative activity has beneficial effects on glucose metabolism. Here, we tested the preventive potential of PEITC for impaired insulin-induced glucose uptake by oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Treatment with PEITC increased the expression of antioxidative enzymes regulated by Nrf2 such as γ-glutamylcysteine-synthetase, heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and glutathione S-transferase, and reduced oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Furthermore, PEITC restored impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, translocation of glucose transporter 4 and insulin signaling by H2O2. These results indicate that PEITC protected insulin-regulated glucose metabolism impaired by oxidative stress through the antioxidative activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Effect of lysine succinylation on the regulation of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase inhibitor, OdhI, involved in glutamate production inCorynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Komine-Abe Ayano , Nagano-Shoji Megumi , Kubo Shosei , Kawasaki Hisashi , Yoshida Minoru , Nishiyama Makoto , Kosono Saori 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn Corynebacterium glutamicum, the activity of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (ODH) complex is negatively regulated by the unphosphorylated form of OdhI protein, which is critical for L-glutamate overproduction. We examined the potential impact of protein acylation at lysine (K)-132 of OdhI in C. glutamicum ATCC13032. The K132E succinylation-mimic mutation reduced the ability of OdhI to bind OdhA, the catalytic subunit of the ODH complex, which reduced the inhibition of ODH activity. In vitro succinylation of OdhI protein also reduced the ability to inhibit ODH, and the K132R mutation blocked the effect. These results suggest that succinylation at K132 may attenuate the OdhI function. Consistent with these results, the C. glutamicum mutant strain with OdhI-K132E showed decreased L-glutamate production. Our results indicated that not only phosphorylation but also succinylation of OdhI protein may regulate L-glutamate production in C. glutamicum.
Preparation of erosion and deposition investigations on plasma facing components in Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Dhard C P , Balden M , Braeuer T , Brezinsek S , Coenen J W , Dudek A , Ehrke G , Hathiramani D , Klose S , König R , Laux M , Linsmeier Ch , Manhard A , Masuzaki S , Mayer M , Motojima G , Naujoks D , Neu R , Neubauer O , Rack M , Ruset C , Schwarz-Selinger T , Pedersen T Sunn , Tokitani M , Unterberg B , Yajima M 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator with its twisted magnetic geometry the investigation of plasma wall interaction processes in 3D plasma configurations is an important research subject. For the upcoming operation phase i.e. OP1.2, three different types of material probes have been installed within the plasma vessel for the erosion/deposition investigations in selected areas with largely different expected heat load levels, namely, ≤10 MW m−2 at the test divertor units (TDU), ≤500 kW m−2 at the baffles, heat shields and toroidal closures and ≤100 kW m−2 at the stainless steel wall panels. These include 18 exchangeable target elements at TDU, about 30 000 screw heads at graphite tiles and 44 wafer probes on wall panels, coated with marker layers. The layer thicknesses, surface morphologies and the impurity contents were pre-characterized by different techniques and subjected to various qualification tests. The positions of these probes were fixed based on the strike line locations on the divertor predicted by field line diffusion and EMC3/EIRENE modeling calculations for the OP1.2 plasma configurations and availability of locations on panels in direct view of the plasma. After the first half of the operation phase i.e. OP1.2a the probes will be removed to determine the erosion/deposition pattern by post-mortem analysis and replaced by a new set for the second half of the operation phase, OP1.2b.
Random Subgroups of Acylindrically Hyperbolic Groups and Hyperbolic Embeddings
Authors: Maher Joseph , Sisto Alessandro 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Let $G$ be an acylindrically hyperbolic group. We consider a random subgroup $H$ in $G$, generated by a finite collection of independent random walks. We show that, with asymptotic probability one, such a random subgroup $H$ of $G$ is a free group, and the semidirect product of $H$ acting on $E(G)$ is hyperbolically embedded in $G$, where $E(G)$ is the unique maximal finite normal subgroup of $G$. Furthermore, with control on the lengths of the generators, we show that $H$ satisfies a small cancellation condition with asymptotic probability one.
High-fidelity phenotyping: richness and freedom from bias
Authors: Hripcsak George , Albers David J 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Electronic health record phenotyping is the use of raw electronic health record data to assert characterizations about patients. Researchers have been doing it since the beginning of biomedical informatics, under different names. Phenotyping will benefit from an increasing focus on fidelity, both in the sense of increasing richness, such as measured levels, degree or severity, timing, probability, or conceptual relationships, and in the sense of reducing bias. Research agendas should shift from merely improving binary assignment to studying and improving richer representations. The field is actively researching new temporal directions and abstract representations, including deep learning. The field would benefit from research in nonlinear dynamics, in combining mechanistic models with empirical data, including data assimilation, and in topology. The health care process produces substantial bias, and studying that bias explicitly rather than treating it as merely another source of noise would facilitate addressing it.
Outcomes in Patients Treated with a Novel, Simple Method for Hemostasis of Dermal Avulsion Injuries
Authors: Dowling Sean Taylor , Lin Brian Wai 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
A recently described technique proposes a simple method to achieve permanent hemostasis of distal fingertip dermal avulsion injuries. It is simple to learn and easy to perform with readily available materials found in most emergency departments. However, long-term outcomes for patients treated with this technique have not yet been evaluated. A primary objective of the current article is to provide safety data for the technique using an off-label product indication.

SETTING:
Emergency department of Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, San Francisco, California.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Six patients were treated in the emergency department for fingertip dermal avulsion injuries using a tourniquet and tissue adhesive glue (Dermabond by Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey). Patients were subsequently contacted to assess healing and satisfaction with cosmetic outcome through interview and photographs of their wounds at 9 months following the date of injury.

RESULTS:
All 6 patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome of treatment, and none received a diagnosis of serious complications.

CONCLUSIONS:
This series demonstrates cosmetic outcomes for injuries treated with the technique, highlights potential problems that may be perceived by patients during their clinical course, and creates the groundwork for a larger clinical study examining the use of the technique.
Family and Environmental Influences on Child Behavioral Health: The Role of Neighborhood Disorder and Adverse Childhood Experiences
Authors: Wang Xiafei , Maguire-Jack Kathryn 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The Adverse Childhood Experiences study suggests childhood adversity is a “root” origin for health and human development. Newer research is examining the more immediate impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on child development and the impact of neighborhood environment on the likelihood of and prevention ACEs. The extent to which all of these aspects of the child context fit together remains unclear. The current study seeks to fill this gap examining the precursors for ACEs and the multitude of ways in which a child's home life can impact his or her development.

Methods:
Using data from 3001 mothers of children in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this study investigates the relationship between neighborhood disorder, ACEs, and child behavioral health. Using a path analysis, the direct and indirect relations between neighborhood disorder and child behavioral health are estimated, with ACEs as the key mediator.

Results:
The most common ACE in our study was intimate partner violence (IPV), followed by child emotional abuse. Neighborhood disorder is associated with higher levels of ACEs and is both directly and indirectly (through its relation with ACEs) negatively related to child behavioral health.

Conclusion:
Screening for ACEs for children living in disordered neighborhoods may help reduce those experiences and their impacts in this high-risk population. Preventive interventions related to IPV and child emotional abuse may be especially helpful.