bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy and childbirth after repair of obstetric fistula in sub‐Saharan Africa: Scoping Review
Authors: Delamou Alexandre , Utz Bettina , Delvaux Therese , Beavogui Abdoul Habib , Shahabuddin Asm , Koivogui Akoi , Levêque Alain , Zhang Wei‐Hong , De Brouwere Vincent 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo synthesise the evidence on pregnancy and childbirth after repair of obstetric fistula in sub‐Saharan Africa and to identify the existing knowledge gaps.MethodsA scoping review of studies reporting on pregnancy and childbirth in women who underwent repair for obstetric fistula in sub‐Saharan Africa was conducted. We searched relevant articles published between 1 January 1970 and 31 March 2016, without methodological or language restrictions, in electronic databases, general Internet sources and grey literature.ResultsA total of 16 studies were included in the narrative synthesis. The findings indicate that many women in sub‐Saharan Africa still desire to become pregnant after the repair of their obstetric fistula. The overall proportion of pregnancies after repair estimated in 11 studies was 17.4% (ranging from 2.5% to 40%). Among the 459 deliveries for which the mode of delivery was reported, 208 women (45.3%) delivered by elective caesarean section (CS), 176 women (38.4%) by emergency CS and 75 women (16.3%) by vaginal delivery. Recurrence of fistula was a common maternal complication in included studies while abortions/miscarriage, stillbirths and neonatal deaths were frequent foetal consequences. Vaginal delivery and emergency C‐section were associated with increased risk of stillbirth, recurrence of the fistula or even maternal death.ConclusionWomen who get pregnant after repair of obstetric fistula carry a high risk for pregnancy complications. However, the current evidence does not provide precise estimates of the incidence of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes post‐repair. Therefore, studies clearly assessing these outcomes with the appropriate study designs are needed.
PP2A‐B′γ modulates foliar trans‐methylation capacity and the formation of 4‐methoxy‐indol‐3‐yl‐methyl glucosinolate in Arabidopsis leaves
Authors: Rahikainen Moona , Trotta Andrea , Alegre Sara , Pascual Jesús , Vuorinen Katariina , Overmyer Kirk , Moffatt Barbara , Ravanel Stéphane , Glawischnig Erich , Kangasjärvi Saijaliisa 
Published: September 2016

SummaryGlucosinolates (GSL) of cruciferous plants comprise a major group of structurally diverse secondary compounds which act as deterrents against aphids and microbial pathogens and have large commercial and ecological impacts. While the transcriptional regulation governing the biosynthesis and modification of GSL is now relatively well understood, post‐translational regulatory components that specifically determine the structural variation of indole glucosinolates have not been reported. We show that the cytoplasmic protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B′γ (PP2A‐B′γ) physically interacts with indole glucosinolate methyltransferases and controls the methoxylation of indole glucosinolates and the formation of 4‐methoxy‐indol‐3‐yl‐methyl glucosinolate in Arabidopsis leaves. By taking advantage of proteomic approaches and metabolic analysis we further demonstrate that PP2A‐B′γ is required to control the abundance of oligomeric protein complexes functionally linked with the activated methyl cycle and the trans‐methylation capacity of leaf cells. These findings highlight the key regulatory role of PP2A‐B′γ in methionine metabolism and provide a previously unrecognized perspective for metabolic engineering of glucosinolate metabolism in cruciferous plants.
A split‐body, randomized, blinded study to evaluate the efficacy of a topical spray composed of essential oils and essential fatty acids from plant extracts with antimicrobial properties
Authors: Bensignor Emmanuel , Fabriès Lionel , Bailleux Lucie 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundBacterial pyoderma is a frequent presentation in dogs. Despite the widespread availability of effective systemic and topical antimicrobial products, good clinical practice currently recommends avoidance of long‐term use to mitigate the development of bacterial resistance.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the speed of resolution of clinical signs of bacterial pyoderma in dogs treated with a systemic antimicrobial agent with or without the use of an adjunctive spray with antimicrobial properties.AnimalsTwelve dogs with superficial bacterial pyoderma.MethodsIn this controlled and blinded study, all dogs were treated with oral cefalexin and a topical spray (PYOClean Spray) for 4 weeks. The spray was applied to one half of each dog's body, whereas a placebo spray was applied to the other half.ResultsTwelve dogs completed the study. Mean clinical scores were significantly reduced on spray‐treated sites, for test product and placebo (respectively), by 47% and 34% at Week 1, 83% and 60% at Week 2, 95% and 82% at Week 3, and 100% and 96% at Week 4. Fifty percent of treated sites were considered clinically and cytologically cured at Week 2, 83% at Week 3, and 100% at Week 4 compared to 8%, 50% and 83% for the placebo sites, respectively.Conclusions and clinical importanceThese results demonstrate that use of a topical spray which contains plant‐derived essential oils and fatty acids, and compounds with antimicrobial properties (Manuka oil and N‐acetyl cysteine) may help to speed resolution of pyoderma and may allow for shorter antimicrobial treatment time.
Integrated ion exchange mixed bed with reverse osmosis and nanofiltration for isolation of neutral dissolved organic matter from natural waters
Authors: Khettaf Sami , Bouhidel Kamel‐Eddine , Meguellati Nour el Houda , Ghodbane Nour el Houda , Bouhelassa Mohammed 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to isolate the neutral dissolved organic matter (NDOM) and the low molecular weight neutrals (LMWN) from natural waters. The coupling of an ion exchange mixed bed (IEXMB) with reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration was the main hypothesis. IEXMB removed charged species, while the neutral molecules were isolated in the demineralised water and then concentrated by RO without any osmotic pressure or fouling limits. Neutrals isolation and unlimited concentration, gives this paper its originality. The nanofiltration (NF) step allows for the isolation of the LMWN. The studied reservoir water NDOM and LMWN represented respectively 35% of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) and 34% of the NDOM. Aromatic compounds were found in both fractions. The UV254 absorbance measured before and after the IEXMB evidenced the water quality ‘signature’. IEX has never been studied as fractionation method of DOM. This IEXMB approach is thus quite novel.
The impacts of age and frailty on heart rate and sinoatrial node function
Authors: Moghtadaei Motahareh , Jansen Hailey J. , Mackasey Martin , Rafferty Sara A. , Bogachev Oleg , Sapp John L. , Howlett Susan E. , Rose Robert A. 
Published: September 2016

Key points
Sinoatrial node (SAN) function declines with age; however, not all individuals age at the same rate and health status can vary from fit to frail.
Frailty was quantified in young and aged mice using a non‐invasive frailty index so that the impacts of age and frailty on heart rate and SAN function could be assessed.
SAN function was impaired in aged mice due to alterations in electrical conduction, changes in SAN action potential morphology and fibrosis in the SAN.
Changes in SAN function, electrical conduction, action potential morphology and fibrosis were correlated with, and graded by, frailty.
This study shows that mice of the same chronological age have quantifiable differences in health status that impact heart rate and SAN function and that these differences in health status can be identified using our frailty index.
AbstractSinoatrial node (SAN) dysfunction increases with age, although not all older adults are affected in the same way. This is because people age at different rates and individuals of the same chronological age vary in health status from very fit to very frail. Our objective was to determine the impacts of age and frailty on heart rate (HR) and SAN function using a new model of frailty in ageing mice. Frailty, which was quantified in young and aged mice using a frailty index (FI), was greater in aged vs. young mice. Intracardiac electrophysiology demonstrated that HR was reduced whereas SAN recovery time (SNRT) was prolonged in aged mice; however, both parameters showed heteroscedasticity suggesting differences in health status among mice of similar chronological age. Consistent with this, HR and corrected SNRT were correlated with, and graded by, FI score. Optical mapping of the SAN demonstrated that conduction velocity (CV) was reduced in aged hearts in association with reductions in diastolic depolarization (DD) slope and action potential (AP) duration. In agreement with in vivo results, SAN CV, DD slope and AP durations all correlated with FI score. Finally, SAN dysfunction in aged mice was associated with increased interstitial fibrosis and alterations in expression of matrix metalloproteinases, which also correlated with frailty. These findings demonstrate that age‐related SAN dysfunction occurs in association with electrical and structural remodelling and that frailty is a critical determinant of health status of similarly aged animals that correlates with changes in HR and SAN function.
Opinión del jefe inmediato sobre el desempeño de los egresados de la Licenciatura en Enfermería
Authors: González Velázquez María Susana , Crespo Knopfler Silvia , Agama Sarabia Adiel , De la Peña León Belinda , Torres Medina Marisol 
Published: September 2016

<p>objetivo Identificar la opinión de los ejfes inmediatos sobre el desempeño de los egresados de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza para retroalimentar el plan de estudios y establecer un plan de mejoramiento continuo sobre las fortalezas y debilidades</p><p>Metodología estudios descriptivo, transversal y correlacional. Con una muestra no probabilistica a conveniencia conformada por 29 jefes inmediatos en instituciones de salud en el 2o y 3er nivel de atención. Se aplico el instrumento opinión del jefe inmediato sobre empleabilidad, satisfacción y desempeño laboral. El instrumento presento una confiabilidad de 0.82 con la prueba de Alpha de Cronbach y fue validaddo por expertos.</p><p>Resultados Para la contratación el título se ubicó como la principal característica, seguido de la entrevista y el examen práctico. En relaicón a laasa características deseables del personal se identifico el trabajo en equipo,la búsqueda y manejo de información como los principales. se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las dimensiones características de contratación, satisfacción con empleado y desempeño laboral y la institución de salud.</p><p>Conclusiones La evaluación del desempeño del egresado en el presente estudio fue la mejor preparación en la aplicación del proceso de enfermería, los conocimientos generales, la resolución de problemas, la toma de decisiones y la identificación institucional.</p>
Creación de un cuestionario de clima organizacional para hospitales de alta complejidad, Chile
Authors: Bustamante Ubilla Miguel Alejandro , Lapo-Maza María del Carmen , Grandón-Avendaño Maderline Lissette 
Published: September 2016

<p>En el contexto de un sector salud chileno en proceso de transformaciones, se propuso crear un cuestionario validado para medir el clima organizacional en hospitales de alta complejidad. Para su formulación se identificaron dimensiones y variables de diversos autores y se revisaron diferentes cuestionarios, validaciones y constructos utilizados en diferentes propuestas a nivel internacional. La investigación es de tipo descriptivo, cuantitativo e inferencial y se realizó sobre una base de datos de 561 empleados hospitalarios, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario por la vía de una entrevista personalizada en el lugar de trabajo, que consta de 71 variables agrupadas en 14 dimensiones. La aplicación del instrumento, así como los estudios de validez y de confiabilidad, permitieron dar origen a un nuevo cuestionario validado que cuenta con 10 factores y 44 reactivos de alta confiabilidad, que explican el 52,181 % de la varianza total, alcanzando un alfa de Cronbach total de 0,89.</p>
Dimensión económica de la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo: una revisión de literatura
Authors: Riaño Casallas Martha Isabel , Palencia-Sánchez Francisco 
Published: September 2016

<p>La seguridad y la salud en el trabajo tradicionalmente se han abordado desde diferentes disciplinas, pero ha predominado el enfoque desde las ciencias de la salud. Por tal razón, el objetivo de la presente revisión es establecer cuál ha sido el aporte y abordaje desde las ciencias económicas en el campo de la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo. Para tal fin, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de literatura en bases de datos como Econlit, jstor, PubMed, isi y Scopus. Para el análisis de la información se elaboraron fichas de contenido y una matriz resumen, además, se construyó un mapa para identificar las principales temáticas abordadas, las cuales<br />se relacionan con evaluaciones económicas de las intervenciones en seguridad y salud en el trabajo, los sistemas de gestión en salud laboral, la relación entre salud y productividad y los costos del accidente y la enfermedad laboral.</p>
Desigualdades sociales en los tiempos de espera para la consulta médica en Argentina
Authors: Ballesteros Matías Salvador 
Published: September 2016

<p>Contexto: los tiempos de espera para la atención son una de las principales barreras en el acceso a los servicios de salud en Argentina. Objetivo: analizar los tiempos diferenciales que la población tuvo que aguardar en la sala de espera y entre la solicitud de un turno y la atención con un médico especialista, según sus características socioeconómicas, demográficas, el tipo de cobertura de salud y el lugar de residencia. Método: cuantitativo, basado en el análisis de datos secundarios. Se utilizó la Encuesta de la Deuda Social Argentina del año 2013, realizada por el Observatorio de la Deuda Social Argentina de la Universidad Católica Argentina. Resultados: los tiempos de espera para consultar con un médico estuvieron estratificados socialmente, según las características socioeconómicas, tipo de cobertura y lugar de residencia de la población. No existieron diferencias significativas según el sexo y entre los grupos etarios.</p>
Participación social en sistemas de salud fragmentados: ¿una relación virtuosa?
Authors: Jaime Sergio Fernando 
Published: September 2016

<p>Los sistemas de salud se enfrentan a diferentes obstáculos que amenazan su correcto desempeño. Uno de ellos es su fragmentación. Como contrapartida, la participación social en salud es mencionada con la misma intensidad como fenómeno integrador. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo proporcionar un marco más concreto sobre la compleja relación entre ambos emergentes de los sistemas de salud y para ello utilizó diferentes métodos: una revisión de la literatura, un enfoque cualitativo para definir las dimensiones de análisis y, en un tercer momento, técnicas de ensayos clásicos (ensayo expositivo) para argumentar cada dimensión. Como producto final se definieron doce tesis que en conjunto se proponen explicar satisfactoriamente este fenómeno e inferir líneas de trabajo para mejorar de manera efectiva el funcionamiento de los sistemas de salud.</p>
Automatic segmentation of the glenohumeral cartilages from magnetic resonance images
Authors: Neubert A. , Yang Z. , Engstrom C. , Xia Y. , Strudwick M. W. , Chandra S. S. , Fripp J. , Crozier S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeMagnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays a key role in investigating early degenerative disorders and traumatic injuries of the glenohumeral cartilages. Subtle morphometric and biochemical changes of potential relevance to clinical diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluation can be assessed from measurements derived from in vivo MR segmentation of the cartilages. However, segmentation of the glenohumeral cartilages, using approaches spanning manual to automated methods, is technically challenging, due to their thin, curved structure and overlapping intensities of surrounding tissues. Automatic segmentation of the glenohumeral cartilages from MR imaging is not at the same level compared to the weight‐bearing knee and hip joint cartilages despite the potential applications with respect to clinical investigation of shoulder disorders. In this work, the authors present a fully automated segmentation method for the glenohumeral cartilages using MR images of healthy shoulders.MethodsThe method involves automated segmentation of the humerus and scapula bones using 3D active shape models, the extraction of the expected bone–cartilage interface, and cartilage segmentation using a graph‐based method. The cartilage segmentation uses localization, patient specific tissue estimation, and a model of the cartilage thickness variation. The accuracy of this method was experimentally validated using a leave‐one‐out scheme on a database of MR images acquired from 44 asymptomatic subjects with a true fast imaging with steady state precession sequence on a 3 T scanner (Siemens Trio) using a dedicated shoulder coil. The automated results were compared to manual segmentations from two experts (an experienced radiographer and an experienced musculoskeletal anatomist) using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and mean absolute surface distance (MASD) metrics.ResultsAccurate and precise bone segmentations were achieved with mean DSC of 0.98 and 0.93 for the humeral head and glenoid fossa, respectively. Mean DSC scores of 0.74 and 0.72 were obtained for the humeral and glenoid cartilage volumes, respectively. The manual interobserver reliability evaluated by DSC was 0.80 ± 0.03 and 0.76 ± 0.04 for the two cartilages, implying that the automated results were within an acceptable 10% difference. The MASD between the automatic and the corresponding manual cartilage segmentations was less than 0.4 mm (previous studies reported mean cartilage thickness of 1.3 mm).ConclusionsThis work shows the feasibility of volumetric segmentation and separation of the glenohumeral cartilages from MR images. To their knowledge, this is the first fully automated algorithm for volumetric segmentation of the individual glenohumeral cartilages from MR images. The approach was validated against manual segmentations from experienced analysts. In future work, the approach will be validated on imaging datasets acquired with various MR contrasts in patients.
Fiber Bragg gratings‐based sensing for real‐time needle tracking during MR‐guided brachytherapy
Authors: Borot de Battisti Maxence , Denis de Senneville Baudouin , Maenhout Metha , Lagendijk Jan J. W. , van Vulpen Marco , Hautvast Gilion , Binnekamp Dirk , Moerland Marinus A. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe development of MR‐guided high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy is under investigation due to the excellent tumor and organs at risk visualization of MRI. However, MR‐based localization of needles (including catheters or tubes) has inherently a low update rate and the required image interpretation can be hampered by signal voids arising from blood vessels or calcifications limiting the precision of the needle guidance and reconstruction. In this paper, a new needle tracking prototype is investigated using fiber Bragg gratings (FBG)‐based sensing: this prototype involves a MR‐compatible stylet composed of three optic fibers with nine sets of embedded FBG sensors each. This stylet can be inserted into brachytherapy needles and allows a fast measurement of the needle deflection. This study aims to assess the potential of FBG‐based sensing for real‐time needle (including catheter or tube) tracking during MR‐guided intervention.MethodsFirst, the MR compatibility of FBG‐based sensing and its accuracy was evaluated. Different known needle deflections were measured using FBG‐based sensing during simultaneous MR‐imaging. Then, a needle tracking procedure using FBG‐based sensing was proposed. This procedure involved a MR‐based calibration of the FBG‐based system performed prior to the interventional procedure. The needle tracking system was assessed in an experiment with a moving phantom during MR imaging. The FBG‐based system was quantified by comparing the gold‐standard shapes, the shape manually segmented on MRI and the FBG‐based measurements.ResultsThe evaluation of the MR compatibility of FBG‐based sensing and its accuracy shows that the needle deflection could be measured with an accuracy of 0.27 mm on average. Besides, the FBG‐based measurements were comparable to the uncertainty of MR‐based measurements estimated at half the voxel size in the MR image. Finally, the mean(standard deviation) Euclidean distance between MR‐ and FBG‐based needle position measurements was equal to 0.79 mm(0.37 mm). The update rate and latency of the FBG‐based needle position measurement were 100 and 300 ms, respectively.ConclusionsThe FBG‐based needle tracking procedure proposed in this paper is able to determine the position of the complete needle, under MR‐imaging, with better accuracy and precision, higher update rate, and lower latency compared to current MR‐based needle localization methods. This system would be eligible for MR‐guided brachytherapy, in particular, for an improved needle guidance and reconstruction.
Use of regularized principal component analysis to model anatomical changes during head and neck radiation therapy for treatment adaptation and response assessment
Authors: Chetvertkov Mikhail A. , Siddiqui Farzan , Kim Jinkoo , Chetty Indrin , Kumarasiri Akila , Liu Chang , Gordon J. James 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo develop standard (SPCA) and regularized (RPCA) principal component analysis models of anatomical changes from daily cone beam CTs (CBCTs) of head and neck (H&N) patients and assess their potential use in adaptive radiation therapy, and for extracting quantitative information for treatment response assessment.MethodsPlanning CT images of ten H&N patients were artificially deformed to create “digital phantom” images, which modeled systematic anatomical changes during radiation therapy. Artificial deformations closely mirrored patients’ actual deformations and were interpolated to generate 35 synthetic CBCTs, representing evolving anatomy over 35 fractions. Deformation vector fields (DVFs) were acquired between pCT and synthetic CBCTs (i.e., digital phantoms) and between pCT and clinical CBCTs. Patient‐specific SPCA and RPCA models were built from these synthetic and clinical DVF sets. EigenDVFs (EDVFs) having the largest eigenvalues were hypothesized to capture the major anatomical deformations during treatment.ResultsPrincipal component analysis (PCA) models achieve variable results, depending on the size and location of anatomical change. Random changes prevent or degrade PCA's ability to detect underlying systematic change. RPCA is able to detect smaller systematic changes against the background of random fraction‐to‐fraction changes and is therefore more successful than SPCA at capturing systematic changes early in treatment. SPCA models were less successful at modeling systematic changes in clinical patient images, which contain a wider range of random motion than synthetic CBCTs, while the regularized approach was able to extract major modes of motion.ConclusionsLeading EDVFs from the both PCA approaches have the potential to capture systematic anatomical change during H&N radiotherapy when systematic changes are large enough with respect to random fraction‐to‐fraction changes. In all cases the RPCA approach appears to be more reliable at capturing systematic changes, enabling dosimetric consequences to be projected once trends are established early in a treatment course, or based on population models.