bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERILAKU INVESTASI ANAK PADA KELUARGA MISKIN DAN TIDAK MISKIN
Authors: Bahri Nofia Mutiara , Hartoyo Hartoyo 
Published: March 2017

Investment behavior is an important factor to reach qualified children outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the differences in value of children, the investment behaviors, and family expenditure allocation to investment between the children of poor and non-poor families. In addition, this study also aims to analyze the influence of family characteristics, the value of the child, and investment behavior towards children investment expenditure allocation. The study involved 55 families with elementary school children (grade 1 and 2) in Kotabatu village,Ciomas subdistrict, Bogor District, West Java Province. Data were collected by interviewing the mothers and using questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-test and multiple linear regression. The results showed that value of children and children’s investment behavior of poor and nonpoor families differ significantly (p<0.01). Parent’s perceptions of economic value had significant negative effect on the expenditures allocation for children’s investment. The expenditures allocation for children’s investment increased with the growing number of schooled children.
Lessons in Transgression: #BlackGirlsMatter and the Feminist Classroom
Authors: Troutman Stephanie , Jiménez Ileana 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This coauthored article examines the ways in which teaching Black feminism in both high school and undergraduate contexts can inspire Black feminist activism in young Black women and girls. Using the work of bell hooks as a foundation for designing and implementing feminist pedagogies and practices, the authors trace the trajectory of two young women of color in their classrooms who, as a result of reading hooks, employ a range of literacies—including blogging, public speaking, and campus activism—to participate in movement building within intersectional feminism in general, and #BlackLivesMatter and #SayHerName in particular. The article ultimately demonstrates the importance of women of color feminisms both in and outside of the classroom, as content and as practice, to promote critical self awareness and burgeoning political consciousness. The transformative impact of intersectional feminist pedagogies on girls and women of color, with an emphasis on Black feminism, is at the heart of this essay—as are practical approaches to the work of bell hooks’s texts for contemporary students.
From Slavery to Jane Crow to Say Her Name: An Intersectional Examination of Black Women and Punishment
Authors: Battle Nishaun T. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
“From Slavery to Jane Crow to Say Her Name” examines the ongoing social movement in the United States by Black women activists and intellectuals from as early as the nineteenth century to present day contemporary movements and campaigns such as Say Her Name, which began in 2015, which explores the the lives and experiences of Black women who have been victims of State violence. This discussion has been sweeping across the nation in an effort to address the plight of Black women who continue to lack social and legal protection in the criminal legal system (specifically regarding the punishment of Black women). The article highlights both legal and extrajudicial punishment of Black women, from the nineteenth century, directly examining state executions and the lack of legal protection, as evidenced by the courts response to resistance as an act of self-defense, demonstrating how Black enslaved women were punished in a way that illustrated a lack of validation of their womanhood, while concluding with an examination of violence against Black women, with scant attention and understanding of their experiences with police brutality An examination of a collection of ideas and speeches from nineteenth century Black intellectual activists Anna Julia Cooper, Fannie Barrier Williams, and Victoria Earle Matthews explores the ways in which these women used writing and intellectual activism to galvanize social movements for the Black community and Black women in particular. At the core of this discussion is an intense look at the relationship between Black women’s activism against social and legal injustices and the disparaging treatment of Black women within the criminal legal system.
Factors associated with Integrated Counselling and Testing Center (ICTC) service satisfaction: experience from Chandigarh, India
Authors: Devnani Mahesh , Gupta Anil Kumar , Wanchu Ajay , Sharma Rakesh K 
Published: March 2017

Background & Objectives: People while availing services at Integrated Counselling and Testing Centers (ICTC) face a lot of administrative and procedural problems which affect their level of satisfaction. This study was conducted at ICTC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh; within the scope of a larger research evaluating the “Quality of Infrastructure and Services available to PLHA”; to analyze the user’s perception about quality of services and factors affecting satisfaction level. Materials & Methods: Exit interviews of 50 randomly selected ICTC clients were conducted with structured questionnaire containing five groups of questions and questions on waiting time and satisfaction level. A scoring system was devised. The satisfaction level was cross matched with group questionsResults: The mean group scores of five groups of questions were: Information, access & guidance for services (42.5%), Behaviour of counsellors (94%), Quality of counselling (77.28%), Physical facilities (65.5%), Confidentiality, discrimination and grievance redressal (67%). All respondents said that counsellors were respectful and 91% found the behaviour of counsellor supportive & helpful, 80% reported that they understood everything that counsellor said. Eighty percent rated satisfaction level as satisfactory or above (6% very satisfactory, 74% satisfactory), 18% indifferent and 2% very dissatisfied. Factors found to be associated with client satisfaction level were counsellor’s response to the concerns and worries of clients up to their satisfaction (p=0.009), illumination in ICTC (p=0.04), knowledge of grievance redressal system (p=0.04) and total time spent in ICTC (p=0.03).Conclusion: This study provided user’s perspective about ICTC service and revealed the factors associated with ICTC service satisfaction level. Better quality ICTC Services can be provided by addressing these factors.
Accuracy of transverse cerebellar diameter by ultrasonography in the evaluation gestational age of fetus
Authors: Prasad V Natraj , Dhakal Vivek , Chhetri Pramod Kumar 
Published: March 2017

Background & Objectives: Estimation of the length of gestation is of paramount importance to obstetricians. The fetal cerebellum grows progressively along gestational period and transverse cerebellar diameter can be used as a new biometric parameter to assess the gestational age of fetus. This study was done to evaluate the accuracy transverse cerebellar diameter against other regularly measured parameters like biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length in pregnant women between 15 to 40 weeks of gestation.Materials & Methods: In this study of 60 pregnant women between 15-40 weeks of gestation, all the parameters like biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length and transverse cerebellar diameter were measured with ultrasonography. The measured values were then correlated with gestational age using regression coefficient.Results: Gestational age estimated by transverse cerebellar diameter (R2 = 0.989; p < 0.001) had good predictive value which was comparable to gestational age estimated by biparietal diameter (R2 =0.929; P < 0.01), head circumference (R2 =0.964; P < 0.01), abdominal circumference (R2 =0.931; P < 0.01) and fetal length (R2 = 0.966; P < 0.01). Conclusion: Transverse cerebellar diameter has a good predictive accuracy for gestational age estimation which is comparableto other routinely used parameters and can be used as an alternative parameter to predict the gestational age.
Hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery: a new treatment strategy for giant cavernous sinus hemangiomas
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhu Huaguang , Knisely Jonathan , Mei Guanghai , Liu Xiaoxia , Dai Jiazhong , Mao Ying , Pan Li , Qin Zhiyong , Wang Enmin 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVECavernous sinus hemangiomas (CSHs) are rare benign vascular tumors that arise from the dural venous sinuses lateral to the sella. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has emerged as a principal alternative to microresection for small- and medium-sized CSHs. Resection is a reasonable option for large (3–4 cm in diameter) and giant (> 4 cm in diameter) CSHs. However, management of giant CSHs remains a challenge for neurosurgeons because of the high rates of morbidity and even death that stem from uncontrollable and massive hemorrhage during surgery. The authors report here the results of their study on the use of hypofractionated SRS (H-SRS) to treat giant CSH.METHODSBetween January 2008 and April 2014, 31 patients with a giant CSH (tumor volume > 40 cm3, > 4 cm in diameter) treated using CyberKnife radiosurgery were enrolled in a cohort study. Clinical status and targeted reduction of tumor volume were evaluated by means of serial MRI. The diagnosis for 27 patients was determined on the basis of typical imaging features. In 4 patients, the diagnosis of CSH was confirmed histopathologically. The median CSH volume was 64.4 cm3 (range 40.9–145.3 cm3). Three or 4 sessions of CyberKnife radiosurgery were used with a prescription dose based on the intent to cover the entire tumor with a higher dose while ensuring dose limitation to the visual pathways and brainstem. The median marginal dose to the tumor was 21 Gy (range 19.5–21 Gy) in 3 fractions for 11 patients and 22 Gy (range 18–22 Gy) in 4 fractions for 20 patients.RESULTSThe median duration of follow-up was 30 months (range 6–78 months) for all patients. Follow-up MRI scans revealed a median tumor volume reduction of 88.1% (62.3%–99.4%) at last examination compared with the pretreatment volume. Ten patients developed new or aggravated temporary headache and 5 experienced vomiting during the treatment; these acute symptoms were relieved completely after steroid administration. Among the 30 patients with symptoms observed before treatment, 19 achieved complete symptomatic remission, and 11 had partial remission. One patient reported seizures, which were controlled after antiepileptic drug administration. No radiation-induced neurological deficits or delayed complications were reported during the follow-up period.CONCLUSIONSHypofractionated SRS was an effective and safe modality for treating giant CSH. Considering the risks involved with microsurgery, it is possible that H-SRS might be able to serve as a definitive primary treatment option for giant CSH.
Pumping for ordinal-automatic structures
Authors: Huschenbett Martin , Kartzow Alexander , Schlicht Philipp 
Published: March 2017

An α-automaton (for α some ordinal) is an automaton similar to a Muller automaton that processes words of length α. A structure is called α-automatic if it can be presented by α-automata (completely analogous to the notion of automatic structures which can be presented by the well-known finite automata). We call a structure ordinal-automatic if it is α-automatic for some ordinal α. We continue the study of ordinal-automatic structures initiated by Schlicht and Stephan as well as by Finkel and Todorčević. We develop a pumping lemma for α-automata (processing finite α-words, i.e., words of length α that have one fixed letter at all but finitely many positions). Using this pumping, we provide counterparts for the class of ordinal-automatic structures to several results on automatic structures: ∙ Every finite word α-automatic structure has an injective finite word α-automatic presentation for all [Formula: see text]. This bound is sharp. ∙ We classify completely the finite word [Formula: see text]-automatic Boolean algebras. Moreover, we show that the countable atomless Boolean algebra does not have an injective finite-word ordinal-automatic presentation. ∙ We separate the class of finite-word ordinal-automatic structures from that of tree-automatic structures by showing that free term algebras with at least 2 generators (and one binary function) are not ordinal-automatic while the free term algebra with countable infinitely many generators is known to be tree-automatic. ∙ For every ordinal [Formula: see text], we provide a sharp bound on the height of the finite word α-automatic well-founded order forests. ∙ For every ordinal [Formula: see text], we provide a structure [Formula: see text] that is complete for the class of finite-word α-automatic structures with respect to first-order interpretations. ∙ As a byproduct, we also lift Schlicht and Stephans’s characterisation of the injectively finite-word α-automatic ordinals to the noninjective setting.
‘The Poor Man's Son’ and the Corruption of Our Moral Sentiments: Commerce, Virtue and Happiness in Adam Smith
Authors: Hill Lisa 
Published: March 2017

In order to operate effectively, modern capitalism depends on agents who evince a rather morally undemanding type of moral character; one that is acquisitive, pecuniary, recognition-seeking and merely prudent. Adam Smith is considered to have been the key legitimiser of this archetype. In this paper I respond to the view that Smith is actually sceptical about the value of material acquisition and explore whether he really believed that the pursuit of tranquillity and virtue—especially beneficence—offers a superior route to happiness than the commercial world of materialist acquisition. I approach these issues partly by considering the roles of beneficence and sympathy in Smith's system and partly by analysing the story of ‘The Poor Man's Son’ related in Book IV of The Theory of Moral Sentiments. As he narrates this story, Smith seems highly critical of the unrelenting drive for worldly success. But what is the real moral of the story? Should people contain their ambition for recognition and material success and pursue tranquillity and virtue instead? I suggest that Smith's discussion in and around the story of ‘The Poor Man's Son’ points to a significant tension between his personal ideal of happiness and his observations and recommendations as a social scientist.
Constraining the Giant Planets’ Initial Configuration from Their Evolution: Implications for the Timing of the Planetary Instability
Authors: Deienno Rogerio , Morbidelli Alessandro , Gomes Rodney S. , Nesvorný David 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Recent works on planetary migration show that the orbital structure of the Kuiper Belt can be very well reproduced if, before the onset of planetary instability, Neptune underwent a long-range planetesimal-driven migration up to ∼28 au. However, considering that all giant planets should have been captured in mean motion resonances among themselves during the gas-disk phase, it is not clear whether such a very specific evolution for Neptune is possible, or whether the instability could have happened at late times. Here, we first investigate which initial resonant configuration of the giant planets can be compatible with Neptune being extracted from the resonant chain and migrating to ∼28 au before planetary instability. We address the late instability issue by investigating the conditions where the planets can stay in resonance for about 400 Myr. Our results indicate that this can happen only in the case where the planetesimal disk is beyond a specific minimum distance δ
stab from Neptune. Then, if there is a sufficient amount of dust produced in the planetesimal disk, which drifts inwards, Neptune can enter a slow dust-driven migration phase for hundreds of Myr until it reaches a critical distance

from the disk. From that point, faster planetesimal-driven migration takes over and Neptune continues migrating outward until the instability happens. We conclude that although an early instability more easily reproduces the evolution of Neptune required to explain the structure of the Kuiper Belt, such evolution is also compatible with a late instability.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission in Spitzer/IRS Maps. II. A Direct Link between Band Profiles and the Radiation Field Strength
Authors: Stock D. J. , Peeters E. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We decompose the observed 7.7 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission complexes in a large sample of over 7000 mid-infrared spectra of the interstellar medium using spectral cubes observed with the Spitzer/IRS-SL instrument. In order to fit the 7.7 μm PAH emission complex we invoke four Gaussian components, which are found to be very stable in terms of their peak positions and widths across all of our spectra, and subsequently define a decomposition with fixed parameters, which gives an acceptable fit for all the spectra. We see a strong environmental dependence on the interrelationships between our band fluxes—in the H ii regions all four components are intercorrelated, while in the reflection nebulae (RNs) the inner and outer pairs of bands correlate in the same manner as previously seen for NGC 2023. We show that this effect arises because the maps of RNs are dominated by emission from strongly irradiated photodissociation regions, while the much larger maps of H ii regions are dominated by emission from regions much more distant from the exciting stars, leading to subtly different spectral behavior. Further investigation of this dichotomy reveals that the ratio of two of these components (centered at 7.6 and 7.8 μm) is linearly related to the UV-field intensity (log G
0). We find that this relationship does not hold for sources consisting of circumstellar material, which are known to have variable 7.7 μm spectral profiles.
Evidence for Magnetar Formation in Broad-lined Type Ic Supernovae1998bw and 2002ap
Authors: Wang L. J. , Yu H. , Liu L. D. , Wang S. Q. , Han Y. H. , Xu D. , Dai Z. G. , Qiu Y. L. , Wei J. Y. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Broad-lined type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic-BL) are peculiar stellar explosions that are distinct from ordinary SNe. Some SNe Ic-BL are associated with long-duration (

) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Black holes and magnetars are two types of compact objects that are hypothesized to be central engines of GRBs. In spite of decades of investigations, no direct evidence for the formation of black holes or magnetars has yet been found for GRBs. Here we report the finding that the early peak (

) and late-time (

) slow decay displayed in the light curves of SNe 1998bw (associated with GRB 980425) and 2002ap (not GRB-associated) can be attributed to magnetar spin-down with an initial rotation period

, while the intermediate-time (

) exponential decline is caused by the radioactive decay of 56Ni. The connection between the early peak and late-time slow decline in the light curves is unexpected in alternative models. We thus suggest that GRB 980425 and SN 2002ap were powered by magnetars.
Multiwavelength Variability Study of the Classical BL Lac Object PKS 0735+178 on Timescales Ranging from Decades to Minutes
Authors: Goyal Arti , Stawarz Łukasz , Ostrowski Michał , Larionov Valeri , Gopal-Krishna  , Wiita Paul J. , Joshi Santosh , Soida Marian , Agudo Iván 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present the results of our power spectral analysis for the BL Lac object PKS 0735+178, utilizing the Fermi-LAT survey at high-energy γ-rays, several ground-based optical telescopes, and single-dish radio telescopes operating at GHz frequencies. The novelty of our approach is that, by combining long-term and densely sampled intra-night light curves in the optical regime, we were able to construct for the first time the optical power spectrum of the blazar for a time domain extending from 23 years down to minutes. Our analysis reveals that: (1) the optical variability is consistent with a pure red noise, for which the power spectral density can be well approximated by a single power law throughout the entire time domain probed; (2) the slope of power spectral density at high-energy γ-rays (∼1) is significantly flatter than that found at radio and optical frequencies (∼2) within the corresponding time variability range; (3) for the derived power spectra, we did not detect any low-frequency flattening, nor do we see any evidence for cutoffs at the highest frequencies down to the noise floor levels due to measurement uncertainties. We interpret our findings in terms of a model where the blazar variability is generated by the underlying single stochastic process (at radio and optical frequencies), or a linear superposition of such processes (in the γ-ray regime). Along with the detailed PSD analysis, we also present the results of our extended (1998–2015) intra-night optical monitoring program and newly acquired optical photo-polarimetric data for the source.
Public opinion in the EU institutions’ discourses on EU legitimacy from the beginnings of integration to today
Authors: Sternberg Claudia 
Published: March 2017

Cet article développe une perspective historique de longue durée sur les références, changeantes et concurrentes, à l’opinion publique et à “ce que veut le peuple” dans les discours de légitimation de l’UE et des institutions communautaires, des années 1950 à nos jours. Il rend compte du passage d’une première séquence, où le consensus permissif de l’opinion publique à l’égard de l’intégration européenne est tenu pour acquis, tout en insistant de plus en plus sur la nécessité d’agir sur cette opinion publique et de la façonner, à une deuxième séquence, suite à un tournant important à partir du milieu des années 1970 et surtout des années 1980, durant laquelle toutes les revendications relatives à la légitimité communautaire se fondent sur les attentes des citoyens. Le chapitre suivant dans l’histoire des discours sur l’opinion publique a été marqué par une politisation et une polarisation croissante et incontestable de cette opinion publique. Cette tendance est apparue flagrante dans le contexte des diverses crises – constitutionnelle, de l’Euro, des réfugiés, et plus récemment du Brexit – qui traversent l’UE même si elle commençait à être visible dès le traité de Maastricht et le traité constitutionnel. Désormais, l’équilibre discursif penche irrévocablement en faveur des discours reconnaissant la nature profondément politique des enjeux de la politique de l’UE, plutôt que de ceux visant à les dépolitiser. Le défi consiste alors à développer des mécanismes permettant de canaliser et de concilier des préférences, des intérêts et des identités contradictoires, en reconnaissant ces différences, sans pour autant prétendre les harmoniser.
La réactivité démocratique de l’Union européenne
Authors: Dehousse Renaud , Monceau Nicolas 
Published: March 2017

Si de nombreuses études ont été consacrées au lien entre opinion et politiques publiques sur le plan national, notamment aux États-Unis, très peu semblent en revanche s’être penchées sur la question de la réactivité de l’Union européenne. Dans quelle mesure les politiques européennes prennent-elles en compte l’opinion des citoyens ? Les rares études consacrées à ce thème ont mis en évidence un lien entre le volume général de la production législative et l’évolution du soutien à l’intégration. Nous plaidons pour une approche différenciée par secteur, qui nous paraît plus susceptible de mettre en évidence une éventuelle sensibilité aux fluctuations de l’opinion, et mettons en lumière un relatif manque de réactivité dans les secteurs que nous étudions.
Hier presque inépuisable et demain presque insaisissable
Authors: Abraham Georges 
Published: March 2017

Réfléchir sur ce choix à bien des égards décisif : conserver le plus longtemps possible un état de départ dans la vie nanti d’une énergie existentielle anonyme et communautaire, ou acquérir sa propre personnalité par une sélection énergétique rigoureuse. Essayer donc de se conformer à un modèle standard ou s’efforcer de découvrir en vieillissant son propre modèle.