bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bud break responds more strongly to daytime than night‐time temperature under asymmetric experimental warming
Authors: Rossi Sergio , Isabel Nathalie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGlobal warming is diurnally asymmetric, leading to a less cold, rather than warmer, climate. We investigated the effects of asymmetric experimental warming on plant phenology by testing the hypothesis that daytime warming is more effective in advancing bud break than night‐time warming. Bud break was monitored daily in Picea mariana seedlings belonging to 20 provenances from Eastern Canada and subjected to daytime and night‐time warming in growth chambers at temperatures varying between 8 and 16 °C. The higher advancements of bud break and shorter times required to complete the phenological phases occurred with daytime warming. Seedlings responded to night‐time warming, but still with less advancement of bud break than under daytime warming. No advancement was observed when night‐time warming was associated with a daytime cooling. The effect of the treatments was uniform across provenances. Our observations realized under controlled conditions allowed to experimentally demonstrate that bud break can advance under night‐time warming, but to a lesser extent than under daytime warming. Prediction models using daily timescales could neglect the diverging influence of asymmetric warming and should be recalibrated for higher temporal resolutions.
Enhanced summer warming reduces fungal decomposer diversity and litter mass loss more strongly in dry than in wet tundra
Authors: Christiansen Casper T. , Haugwitz Merian S. , Priemé Anders , Nielsen Cecilie S. , Elberling Bo , Michelsen Anders , Grogan Paul , Blok Daan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMany Arctic regions are currently experiencing substantial summer and winter climate changes. Litter decomposition is a fundamental component of ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycles, with fungi being among the primary decomposers. To assess the impacts of seasonal climatic changes on litter fungal communities and their functioning, Betula glandulosa leaf litter was surface‐incubated in two adjacent low Arctic sites with contrasting soil moisture regimes: dry shrub heath and wet sedge tundra at Disko Island, Greenland. At both sites, we investigated the impacts of factorial combinations of enhanced summer warming (using open‐top chambers; OTCs) and deepened snow (using snow fences) on surface litter mass loss, chemistry and fungal decomposer communities after approximately 1 year. Enhanced summer warming significantly restricted litter mass loss by 32% in the dry and 17% in the wet site. Litter moisture content was significantly reduced by summer warming in the dry, but not in the wet site. Likewise, fungal total abundance and diversity were reduced by OTC warming at the dry site, while comparatively modest warming effects were observed in the wet site. These results suggest that increased evapotranspiration in the OTC plots lowered litter moisture content to the point where fungal decomposition activities became inhibited. In contrast, snow addition enhanced fungal abundance in both sites but did not significantly affect litter mass loss rates. Across sites, control plots only shared 15% of their fungal phylotypes, suggesting strong local controls on fungal decomposer community composition. Nevertheless, fungal community functioning (litter decomposition) was negatively affected by warming in both sites. We conclude that although buried soil organic matter decomposition is widely expected to increase with future summer warming, surface litter decay and nutrient turnover rates in both xeric and relatively moist tundra are likely to be significantly restricted by the evaporative drying associated with warmer air temperatures.
Too little sleep and too much sleep among older adults: Associations with self‐reported sleep medication use, sleep quality and healthcare utilization
Authors: Choi Namkee G , DiNitto Diana M , Marti C Nathan , Choi Bryan Y 
Published: May 2016

AimThe present study examined relationships among older adults' sleep duration (1–5 h and ≥10 h vs 6–9 h), sleep medication use, sleep quality and healthcare use.MethodsThe 2013 USA National Health Interview Survey provided data on a sample of 7196 community‐dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years. Bivariate analyses and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine study questions.ResultsOf the sample, 85% slept 6–9 h on average, 8% slept 1–5 h and 7% slept ≥10 h. One‐sixth of optimal sleepers, one‐quarter of short sleepers and one‐fifth of long sleepers used sleep medications at least once in the preceding week. Medication intake of one to two times, as opposed to non‐use, was associated with a greater risk of short than optimal sleep (RRR 1.60, 95% CI 1.03–2.48). Short sleep was positively, but long sleep was negatively associated with trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. Any medication use was positively associated with trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. Short sleep was associated with greater odds of emergency department visits (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.06–1.77), whereas long sleep was associated with greater odds of an overnight hospital stay (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.04–2.11) and home care use (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.37–4.41). Medication intake one to two times was associated with greater odds of emergency department visits (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11–1.98).ConclusionsSleep medication use does not appear to promote sleep health. Both short and long sleep durations are associated with a higher likelihood of healthcare use. Clinicians need to examine older adults' sleep health and medication use, and their effects on healthcare use. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 545–553.
Laboratory diagnosis of anemia: are the old and new red cell parameters useful in classification and treatment, how?
Authors: Buttarello M. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIntroductionAnemia is a global problem affecting the population in both developing and developed countries, and there is a debate on which hemoglobin level limit should be used to define anemia in general population and particularly in the elderly. We present herein a laboratory approach to diagnosing the possible causes of anemia based on traditional and new erythroid parameters. In this article, we provide practical diagnostic algorithms that address to differential diagnosis of anemia. Based on both morphological and kinetic classifications, three patterns were considered: microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic.MethodsMain interest is on the clinical usefulness of old and new parameters such as mean cell volume (MCV), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), hypochromic and microcytic erythrocytes, immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF), and some reticulocyte indices such as reticulocyte hemoglobin content and mean reticulocyte volume. The pathophysiologic basis is reviewed in terms of bone marrow erythropoiesis, evaluated by reticulocyte count (increased or normal/decreased) and IRF. The utility of reticulocyte indices in the diagnosis of iron‐deficient erythropoiesis (absolute or functional) and in monitoring of response to treatment in nutritional anemia (iron and cobalamin) was also investigated.ResultsFor each parameter, the availability, the possible clinical applications, and the limitations were evaluated. A discussion on intraindividual biological variation and its implication on the usefulness of conventional reference intervals and in longitudinal monitoring of the patients was also reported.ConclusionRed cell parameters and reticulocyte indices play an essential role in differential diagnosis of anemia and in its treatment. More efforts are needed in harmonizing parameters whose results are still too different when produced by different analyzers.
Which Child Immigrants Face Earnings Disparity? Age‐at‐immigration, Ethnic Minority Status and Labour Market Attainment in Canada
Authors: Pendakur Krishna , Pendakur Ravi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUsing Canadian Census microdata from 1990 to 2005, we investigate the earnings attainment of immigrants to Canada in 6 age‐at‐arrival cohorts. In comparison to past work we extend our understanding regarding three dimensions of the age at immigration debate: we explore heterogeneity across fine grained age‐at‐arrival cohorts, over a fifteen‐year period and across different ethnic groups. We find that white immigrants and female immigrants arriving in Canada prior to age 18 face little earnings disparity. In contrast, visible minority male immigrants face significant earnings disparity regardless of their age‐at‐migration, and additionally this disparity increases sharply with age‐at‐migration. We find a break in earnings attainment at an age‐of‐arrival of 17, with immigrants arriving after this age performing much worse than those arriving at this age or earlier. The patterns observed are found for visible minority immigrants as a whole, and for Chinese, South Asian and African/Black origin immigrants examined separately.
Comprehensive panel of cross‐reacting monoclonal antibodies for analysis of different immune cells and their distribution in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Neumann Berit , Shi Tingchuan , Gan Li Lin , Klippert Antonina , Daskalaki Maria , Stolte‐Leeb Nicole , Stahl‐Hennig Christiane 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundCommon marmosets are extensively used in immunological and pharmacological research, and the usage of methods such as flow cytometry gain increasing importance.MethodsUsing multicolor flow cytometry cross‐reactivity of monoclonal antibodies with cells of common marmosets was analyzed. Furthermore, frequencies of immune cells and immunological parameters were assessed in healthy common marmosets.ResultsA total of 97 clones of monoclonal antibodies raised against CD markers, chemokine receptors, and miscellaneous markers were tested. Additionally, baseline frequencies of different innate and adaptive immune cells as well as certain parameters, such as activation and memory T‐cell and B‐cell distribution, are provided.ConclusionOur study gives an extended overview of cross‐reactive antibodies for flow cytometric analysis of immune cells as well as baseline values for different immune parameters in healthy common marmosets.
Low serum vitamin D is associated with higher cortical porosity in elderly men
Authors: Sundh D. , Mellström D. , Ljunggren Ö. , Karlsson M. K. , Ohlsson C. , Nilsson M. , Nilsson A. G. , Lorentzon M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundBone loss at peripheral sites in the elderly is mainly cortical and involves increased cortical porosity. However, an association between bone loss at these sites and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D has not been reported.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, bone microstructure and areal bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly men.MethodsA population‐based cohort of 444 elderly men (mean ± SD age 80.2 ± 3.5 years) was investigated. Bone microstructure was measured by high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, areal BMD by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels by immunoassay.ResultsMean cortical porosity at the distal tibia was 14.7% higher (12.5 ± 4.3% vs. 10.9 ± 4.1%, P < 0.05) whilst cortical volumetric BMD, area, trabecular bone volume fraction and femoral neck areal BMD were lower in men in the lowest quartile of vitamin D levels compared to the highest. In men with vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol L−1) or insufficiency [25–49 nmol L−1, in combination with an elevated serum level of parathyroid hormone (>6.8 pmol L−1)], cortical porosity was 17.2% higher than in vitamin D‐sufficient men (P < 0.01). A linear regression model including age, weight, height, daily calcium intake, physical activity, smoking vitamin D supplementation and parathyroid hormone showed that 25‐hydroxyvitamin D independently predicted cortical porosity (standardized β = −0.110, R2 = 1.1%, P = 0.024), area (β = 0.123, R2 = 1.4%, P = 0.007) and cortical volumetric BMD (β = 0.125, R2 = 1.4%, P = 0.007) of the tibia as well as areal BMD of the femoral neck (β = 0.102, R2 = 0.9%, P = 0.04).ConclusionSerum vitamin D is associated with cortical porosity, area and density, indicating that bone fragility as a result of low vitamin D could be due to changes in cortical bone microstructure and geometry.
Morphology of the nucho‐dorsal glands and related defensive displays in three species of Asian natricine snakes
Authors: Mori A. , Jono T. , Takeuchi H. , Ding L. , de Silva A. , Mahaulpatha D. , Tang Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMany animals are equipped with specialized defensive systems that function in a coordinated manner involving morphological structure, physiological processes and behaviour. Nucho‐dorsal glands, unusual organs known in a few Asian natricine snakes, are believed to function in avoidance of predation, based on the defensive function of similar organs in a related Japanese species that sequesters prey toxins and stores them in the glands. We examined the arrangement of the nucho‐dorsal glands of Rhabdophis nuchalis, R. pentasupralabialis and Macropisthodon plumbicolor and tested behavioural responses to tapping stimulation to investigate the spatial distribution of glands on the body and related defensive displays respectively. We confirmed the presence of glands that extend from the neck along the length of the body in all three species. The spatial arrangement of the glands was similar between the two Rhabdophis species, but it differed substantially in M. plumbicolor. In M. plumbicolor, there were two uninterrupted rows of glands throughout the full length of the body, whereas in the two Rhabdophis species, the position and size of the glands differed between the neck and trunk regions, with the two series separated by a spatial gap. In spite of these structural differences, M. plumbicolor and R. pentasupralabialis exhibited a similar defensive display, which we refer to as body lift, in response to a tapping stimulus on the body. Our study shows detailed morphological features of the nucho‐dorsal glands and a novel display that are consistent with the presumed predator deterrent function of the glands, which have evolved as a unique defensive system in this lineage of snakes.
The Impact of Inappropriate Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator Shocks on Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: MEHTA NISHAKI K. , TAYLOR MONTOYA , KALBFLEISCH STEVEN 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe impact of inappropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) shocks on cardiac outcomes is controversial. Shocks due to lead noise are unique in that they are not an outcome of worsening rhythm status. In this study, we compared the outcome of patients with and without inappropriate shocks who underwent Sprint Fidelis lead (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) extraction.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 147 patients who underwent Sprint Fidelis lead extraction in our institution between May 2007 and August 2012. The patients were separated into those with (Group 1) and without (Group 2) inappropriate shocks due to lead noise. Pertinent data were obtained from chart review.ResultsThere were 57 and 90 patients in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation number of inappropriate shocks in Group 1 was 16 ± 22. There was no difference in the baseline demographics, risk factors, and cardiac history between the groups. There were no extraction‐related deaths and there was no difference in the rate of periprocedural complications between the groups. The mean total hospital length of stay (LOS) was longer for Group 1 versus 2; however, the mean postprocedure LOS was the same between the groups. During follow‐up, there was no difference in the cardiac readmission rate over a 1‐year period (four vs seven patients in Group 1 vs 2, respectively; P = 0.8). Long‐term follow‐up revealed similar mortality rates in both groups. (18 patients in Group 1, and 21 patients in Group 2; P = 0.8).ConclusionsInappropriate shocks due to lead noise do not seem to predispose to a worse clinical outcome after ICD lead extraction.
An Observational Study of Abstracts Presented at the American College of Veterinary Surgeon Annual Meetings (2001–2008) and Their Subsequent Full‐Text Publication
Authors: Meyers Katherine E. , Lindem Margaret J. , Giuffrida Michelle A. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of abstracts presented at American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) meetings from 2001 to 2008 that were published as complete articles, to identify abstract characteristics associated with final full‐text publication, and to examine consistency of information between abstracts and final full‐text publications.Study DesignObservational bibliographic study.MethodsAbstracts were retrieved from published proceedings. Published articles were retrieved from bibliographic databases. Features of abstract and article authorship, design, and content were recorded. Regression analysis identified abstract features associated with article publication, and evaluated consistency between abstracts and final publications.ResultsSeven hundred eighty‐two of 1078 (73%) abstracts were published as complete articles. Median time to publication was 1 year; 90% were published within 3 years. Abstracts originating from academic institutions were published more often than abstracts from practice or industry sites (odds ratio 2.61, 95% confidence interval 1.68–4.05). Compared to their conference abstracts, 49% of articles contained major inconsistences including changes in study design, interventions, outcomes, sample size, and results. For each year elapsed between presentation and publication, the odds of major inconsistency increased 2.4 times (odds ratio 2.36, 95% confidence interval 1.57–3.55) for retrospective studies and 1.4 times (odds ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.17–1.56) for other study designs. Changes in study title and authorship were frequent, particularly in publications that contained major inconsistencies.ConclusionACVS abstracts were promptly and reliably published, but final full‐text publications often differed substantially from the original abstracts.
Twenty-five years of adult adoption in New Zealand 1985-2010: An overview of adult adoption since the implementation of the Adult Adoption Information Act 1985
Authors: Aburn Anne 
Published: May 2016

When the Adult Adoption Information Act 1985 was introduced it enabled many people who were adopted to reclaim their original identities. The Act also enabled parents who had relinquished children for adoption to reunite with them. The Act made provision for 24 dedicated social workers known as Adult Adoption Information Officers to be appointed throughout New Zealand. This article, which is a personal reflection on how the Act was implemented and the changes in adoption practice over 25 years, was originally written in 2010 for all Ministry of Social Development Adoption Social Workers.
Tiromoana and Taranaki House: A tale of their times
Authors: Staniforth Barbara 
Published: May 2016

The overall history of social work education in Aotearoa New Zealand has been well documented by authors such as McCreary (1971a,b), Nash (1998) and Cranna (1989). Tiromoana and Taranaki House social work residential training institutions were set up by the Education Department, Child Welfare Division to meet a gap in social work training in the country in the 1960s and 70s. These programmes, which were at times contentious, appeared to be unique and particular to their time, place and context in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article provides some history and participant recollections about Tiromoana (Porirua) and Taranaki House (Auckland) for social work’s historical record. This article attempts to piece together various sources, including recent interviews, and to weave together some of the facts and stories of these two institutions.
Animals and social work: An emerging field of practice for Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Walker Peter , Aimers Jenny , Perry Claire 
Published: May 2016

Social work is traditionally human-centered in practice, even though for many the bond between humans and animals is the most fundamental of daily-lived experiences. The intent of this paper is to reflect on the predominant humanistic basis of social work and to consider the growing evidence for developing a wider perspective to incorporate the human-animal connection into social work practice. Joanne Emmens (2007:9) observes that the human-animal bond is considered by some as ‘…too mainstream (in the sense of being lightweight, cliché or sentimental), or as not mainstream enough…as substantial material worthy of study.’ In this article we argue that the human-animal bond is neither sentimental nor fringe and that our attitudes toward this relationship is based on a construction of western thought. To support this we offer a review of literature that provides evidence of good practice that can move social work beyond a purely humanistic approach to a more holistic view resulting in a more comprehensive toolkit for practice. We explore the literature and practice surrounding the place of animals in social work, both in New Zealand and internationally. In addition, we identify some of the ways the human-animal bond is currently utilised in rehabilitation, therapy, as animal assistants and as an indicator of domestic violence within New Zealand. We argue that this area of research and practice is highly relevant for social work as evidence-based practice. The paper con- cludes by offering some suggestions for discussion within the social work profession, and considerations for social work educators, researchers and theorists.
Thinking of moving overseas? Reflections from a social worker’s journey of migration to New Zealand
Authors: Troughton Helen Barker 
Published: May 2016

This is one woman’s story of living through times of significant change. These changes include migration overseas and entering the part-time workforce after becoming a mother in later life. It describes the surfacing of personal questions, self-reflections and actions she found helpful as she used the new experiences to reshape her identity and become more effective personally and as a social worker. Through these times she realised a desire to live more meaningfully in the midst of change, loss and uncertainty. She looks at the nature of resilience and how this can be harnessed to become stronger at home and at work. She shares her personal journey to offer hope to herself and others on a similar journey, including suggestions of ways to embrace change. The main voice is the migrant asking questions and pointing toward snippets of light she hopes will help others.