bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naphthalene Diimide‐Based Cyanovinylene‐Containing Conjugated Organic Polymers for Efficient Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Guo Qiqi , Lu Meihan , Zhang Yang , Gong Weitao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe pursuit of innovative organic materials and the examination of the “structure‐function” correlation in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are crucial and highly desirable. Current research focuses on the creation of novel conjugated organic polymers with polycarbonyl groups and examining the impact of electrode structure on the function of lithium‐ion batteries. In this paper, two novel cyanovinylene‐based conjugated organic polymers, NBA‐TFB and NBA‐TFPB, are synthesized using a Knoevenagel condensation reaction with naphthalene diimide as the integral unit. The performance of NBA‐TFB and NBA‐TFPB as cathodes in lithium‐ion batteries is investigated. Improved conductivity and increased active site density in NBA‐TFPB resulted in superior electrochemistry compared to NBA‐TFB. Specifically, NBA‐TFPB exhibited a larger reversible capacity (87.58 mAh g−1 at 0.2C and 88.34% retention after 100 cycles), exceptional rate capability (66.13 mAh g−1 at 5C), and robust cycling stability (99.58% coulombic efficiency at 1C and 60.71% retention after 2000 cycles). This study expands the family of diimide‐based naphthalene polymers and provides a strategy for enhancing the performance of organic electrode materials containing polycarbonyl structure.
Molecular Design of Active Layer for High‐Performance Stretchable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ding Yafei , He Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStretchable organic solar cells (SOSCs) have advanced rapidly in the last few years as power sources required to realize portable and wearable electronics become available. Through rational material and device engineering, SOSCs are now able to retain their photovoltaic performance even when subjected to repeated mechanical deformations. However, reconciling a high efficiency and an excellent stretchability is still a huge challenge, and the development of SOSCs has lagged far behind that of flexible OSCs. In this perspective article, recent strategies for imparting mechanical robustness to SOSCs while maintaining high power conversion efficiency are reviewed, with emphasis on the molecular design of active layers. Initially, an overview of molecular design approaches and recent research advances is provided in improving the stretchability of active layers, including donors, acceptors, and single‐component materials. Subsequently, another common strategy for regulating photovoltaic and mechanical properties of SOSCs, namely multi‐component system, is summarized and analyzed. Lastly, considering that SOSCs research is in its infancy, the current challenges and future directions are pointed out.
Reevaluation of Recipient Vessel Selection in Breast Free Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Lemdani Mehdi S. , Crystal Dustin T. , Ewing Jane N. , Gala Zachary , Amro Chris , Azoury Said C. , Broach Robyn B. , Rhemtulla Irfan A. , Serletti Joseph M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCurrent consensus has established the internal mammary vessels (IMV) over the thoracodorsal vessels (TDV) as the preferred recipients for microvascular breast reconstruction due to their superior flow rates and long‐established outcomes. Yet, there are occurrences where the IMVs are not reliable and may subsequently prompt intraoperative decision‐making. Several options exist, including the contralateral IMVs, thoracoacromial vessels, and TDVs. The appropriate sequence for vessel choice is not universally agreed upon. This study reevaluates the TDVs to highlight their viability as a second‐line intraoperative alternative to the IMV and provide reference to the straightforward dissection required for harvest.MethodsA retrospective, single‐institution, breast‐level analysis examining 4754 breast free flaps from 2978 patients undergoing bilateral free flap reconstruction was conducted. Postoperative complications within 180 days were evaluated, and cohorts based on anatomic anastomosis (IMV vs. TDV) were created to compare outcomes. Subanalysis was conducted based on flap laterality as well as whether a flap was planned or converted intraoperatively.ResultsOf 4754 breast free flaps, 4269 (89.8%) used the IMV while 485 (10.2%) used the TDV. Most complication rates between the TVD and IMV were not significantly different. Rates of flap loss were 1.0% and 1.2% for the IMV and TDV anastomosis (p = 0.59). IMV and TDV anastomosed flaps experienced similar rates of fat necrosis (6.3% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.915). However, multivariable analysis of all breasts regardless of laterality showed that skin necrosis was significantly less likely in TDV breasts (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.29–0.71, p < 0.001).ConclusionsGiven the relative similarity in cohort outcomes, TDV anastomosis can be considered a viable alternative to the IMV when the IMV is unavailable or technically disadvantageous. The TDV artery remains a robust and reliable option in the present‐day plastic surgeon's repertoire for breast reconstruction.
An in‐band full‐duplex antenna for 2.4 GHz WLAN using differential‐feed based neutral coupling for isolation enhancement
Authors: Prasad D. Venkata Siva , Tripathi Shrivishal , Paltani Punya P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article introduces a unique design approach for a compact in‐band full‐duplex (IBFD) antenna with good isolation in a wider bandwidth at the 2.4 GHz WLAN. The meander slot baluns are innovatively constructed in the feeding network, one balun on the top substrate layer and the other on the bottom substrate layer of the ground, to realize double differential feeding and polarization diversity. The metallic vias that connect one of the baluns in the feeding network with the co‐radiating patch further reduce the antenna's overall size. The balun's neutral coupling characteristics of differential potentials, which reduce the leakage currents by creating null potential, and differential filtering, which suppresses the leakage currents by non‐coupling fields, generate high isolation in the antenna. The designed balun offers a stable differential feed with a trivial magnitude and phase imbalances of (0.04–0.06) dB and , respectively. The antenna offers a minimum isolation of 78 dB with a wider bandwidth of 130 MHz. The far‐field measurement shows broadside radiation with low cross‐polar levels of less than −32 dB. A prototype is fabricated on FR‐4 substrate layers with an overall size of (0.8 × 0.8 × 0.012) ( is the free space wavelength of the frequency GHz) to validate the proposed design performance. The measured results of the prototype properly correlate with the simulated results.
Assessment of dual time point protocols to produce parametric Ki images in FDG PET/CT: A virtual clinical study
Authors: Reshtebar Niloufar , Hosseini Seyed Abolfazl , Zhuang Mingzan , Rahmim Arman , Karakatsanis Nicolas A. , Sheikhzadeh Peyman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThis simulation study investigated the feasibility of generating Patlak Ki images using a dual time point (DTP‐Ki) scan protocol involving two 3‐min/bed routine static PET scans and, subsequently, assessed DTP‐Ki performance for an optimal DTP scan time frame combination, against conventional Patlak Ki estimated from complete 0–93 min dynamic PET data.MethodsSix realistic heterogeneous tumors of different characteristic spatiotemporal [18F]FDG uptake distributions for three noise levels commonly found in clinical studies and 20 noise realizations (N = 360 samples) were produced by analytic simulations of the XCAT phantom. Subsequently, DTP‐Ki images were generated by performing standard linear indirect Patlak analysis with t*‐min (Patlakt* = 12) using a scaled population‐based input function (sPBIF) model on 66 combinations of early and late 3‐min/bed static whole‐body PET reconstructed images. All DTP‐Ki images were evaluated against respective DTP‐Ki images estimated with Patlakt* = 12 and 0–93 min individual input functions (iIFs) and against gold standard Ki images estimated with Patlakt* = 12, 0–93 min iIFs and tissue time activity curves from all reconstructed WB passes 12–93 min post injection. The optimal combination of early and late frames, in terms of attaining the highest correlation between DTP‐Ki with sPBIF and gold standard Ki was also determined from a set of 66 different combinations of 2‐min early and late frames. Moreover, the performance of DTP‐Ki with sPBIF was compared against that of the retention index (RI) in terms of their correlation to the gold standard Ki. Finally, the feasibility and practicality of DTP protocol in the clinic were assessed through the analysis of nine patients.ResultsHigh correlations (>0.9) were observed between DTP‐Ki values from sPBIF and those from iIFs for all evaluated DTP protocols while the mean AUC difference between sPBIF and iIFs was less than 10%. The percentage difference of mean values between DTP‐Ki from sPBIF and from iIFs was less than 1%. DTP Ki from sPBIF exhibited significantly higher correlation with gold standard Ki, in contrast to RI, across all 66 DTP protocols (p < 0.05 using the two‐tailed t‐test by Williams) with the highest correlation attained for the 50‐53‐min early + 90‐93‐min late scan time frames (optimal DTP protocol).ConclusionFeasibility of generating Patlak Ki [18F] FDG images from an early and a late post injection 3‐min/bed routine static scan using a population‐based input function model was demonstrated and an optimal DTP scan protocol was determined. The results indicated high correlations between DTP‐Ki and gold‐standard Ki images that are significantly larger than those between RI and gold‐standard Ki.
“Support the strong” or “Help the weak?”: The effects of social comparison and social distance on cooperative behavior in the dictator game
Authors: Sun Qian , Li Qinglei , Qian Jiamin , Luo Shasha , Liu Yongfang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWithin an object‐interdependent context, we conducted three experiments to investigate the influence of social comparisons on cooperative behavior, as well as to assess the mediating and moderating effects of related variables. In Experiment 1 (n = 207), we examined whether social comparisons impact cooperative behavior toward a comparator in a dictator game task. Here, we specifically focused on the mediating effects of evaluation of others' competence, along with three other potential mediators: self‐competence evaluation, positive emotions, and negative emotions. Following the insights gained from Experiment 1, we proceeded to Experiments 2 (n = 279) and 3 (n = 298) to further explore whether social distance moderates the mediating effect of evaluation of others' competence. The results of all three experiments consistently indicated that upward (vs. non‐) comparison facilitated cooperative behavior, whereas downward (vs. non‐) comparison hindered it. Furthermore, our findings revealed that evaluation of others' competence served as a mediator between social comparison and cooperative behavior when the comparator (i.e., the cooperative partner) was perceived as being at a far‐distance, whereas the mediating effect of evaluation of others' competence disappeared when social distance was close. These results reveal the pivotal role of evaluating others' competence and social distance in social interactions from the perspective of social comparison, which provides insights into how to promote cooperative behavior.
Insights Into Guanine Radical Cation Deprotonation Using the Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (ABEEM) Methods
Authors: Wang Yue , Liu Cui , Gong Lidong , Yang Zhongzhi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn double‐stranded DNA, a rapid deprotonation of guanine radical cation (G•+) hinders the long‐distance transfer of positive charge (hole). It is significant to explore the proton transfer of G•+ for designing other DNA structures with high electrical conductivity. The deprotonation of G•+ is explored in the 1H2O, 2H2O, 3H2O, and 9H2O models by quantum mechanics (QM) method. The results indicate that the second hydration shell facilitates proton transfer. The QM/molecular mechanics (MM) (ABEEM) method accurately simulates polarization and charge transfer effects through the implementation of the reactive valence‐state electronegativity piecewise functions and setting local charge conservation conditions. The QM/MM(ABEEM) method has been developed to investigate the 9H2O model. The obtained activation energy (16.3 ± 0.8 kJ/mol) through molecular dynamics simulations is consistent with experimental data (15.1 ± 1.5 kJ/mol), demonstrating the accuracy of the QM/MM(ABEEM) method in simulating proton transfer in the DNA system. The deprotonation rate of G•+ in the free base (1.5 × 107 s−1) is faster than that of G•+ within double‐stranded DNA (106–107 s−1), which indicates that the free G base is an avoidable participant when designing hole transfer carrier due to its rapid deprotonation rate. Concurrently, the relationship between the proton transfer distance and potential barrier is monotone increasing, meaning that the long‐range proton transfer corresponds to high energy barrier. The molecule involved in long‐range proton transfer of G•+ is more suitable as DNA electronic devices. This research provides valuable microscopic insight into deprotonation to advance the advancement of DNA structures with high electrical conductivity.
Quantum Generative Adversarial Networks in a Silicon Photonic Chip with Maximum Expressibility
Authors: Ma Haoran , Ye Liao , Guo Xiaoqing , Ruan Fanjie , Zhao Zichao , Li Maohui , Wang Yuehai , Yang Jianyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGenerative adversarial networks (GANs) have achieved remarkable success with realistic tasks such as creating realistic images, texts, and audio. Combining GANs and quantum computing, quantum GANs are thought to have an exponential advantage over their classical counterparts due to the stronger expressibility of quantum circuits. In this research, a two‐qubit silicon quantum photonic chip is created, capable of executing arbitrary controlled‐unitary () operations and generating any two‐qubit pure state, thus making it an excellent platform for quantum GANs. To capture complex data patterns, a hybrid generator is proposed to inject nonlinearity into quantum GANs. As a demonstration, three generative tasks, covering both pure quantum versions of GANs (PQ‐GANs) and hybrid quantum‐classical GANs (HQC‐GANs), are successfully carried out on the chip, including high‐fidelity single‐qubit state learning, classical distributions loading, and compressed image production. The experiment results prove that silicon quantum photonic chips have great potential in generative learning applications.
Classification of Shoulder Implant Manufacturer Using Pre‐Trained DenseNet201 Combined With Capsule Network
Authors: Jian Xianzhong , Zhou Zhenling , Zhang Wuwen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aims to accelerate revision surgery and treatment using X‐ray imaging and deep learning to identify shoulder implant manufacturers in advance.MethodsA feature engineering approach based on principal component analysis and a k‐means algorithm was used to cluster shoulder implant data. In addition, a pre‐trained DenseNet201 combined with a capsule network (DenseNet201‐Caps) shoulder implant classification model was proposed.ResultsDenseNet201‐Caps was the most effective classification model on the clustered dataset with an accuracy of 94.25% and an F1 score of 96.30%. Notably, clustering the dataset in advance improved the accuracy and the Caps implementations successfully enhanced the performance of all convolutional neural network models. The analysed results indicate that DenseNet201‐Caps struggled to distinguish between the Cofield and Depuy manufacturers. Hence, a multistage classification approach was developed with an improved accuracy of 96.55% achieved.ConclusionsThe DenseNet201‐Caps method enables the accurate identification of shoulder implant manufacturers.
Well‐Designed 2D/2D/2D Ternary ZCO/CN/TiC Nanocomposite for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Production Through Water Splitting Under Visible Light
Authors: Khalifa Wesam Alsayeh , Ikreedeegh Riyadh Ramadhan , Alkbir Munir Faraj Almabrouk , Janudd Mohd Al Fatihhi Mohd Szali 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic water splitting is considered as one of the most promising technologies for hydrogen production. A novel 2D/2D/2D ZnCo2O4/g‐C3N4/Ti3C2 (ZCO/CN/TiC) nanocomposite was synthesized through a facile thermal method for efficient photocatalytic H2 production under visible light. This multi‐heterojunction system displayed an efficient performance with higher H2 production rates compared to single catalysts. The experimental results revealed a hydrogen production rate of 1465 µmol g−1 for the ZCO/CN/TiC ternary composite after 4 h of light irradiation, which is about 3.8 and 2.5 times higher than that of g‐C3N4 and g‐C3N4/Ti3C2, respectively. This significant enhancement is mainly attributed to the efficient charge transfer within the constructed heterojunction system and due to the presence of MXene (Ti3C2), which acted as a solid electron mediator to suppress the charge recombination rate. Both the type and the amount of used sacrificial agent have exhibited a significant effect on the H2 production rate. The ZCO/CN/TiC ternary nanocomposite has also displayed the best quantum yield (QY = 1.316). The newly developed structured photocatalyst would provide a promising approach for the construction of easyprepared and noble‐metal‐free photocatalysts for the application of clean and sustainable fuel production.
Examining the applicability of virtual battle space for stress management training in military personnel—A validation study
Authors: Schilder Frank P. M. , Withagen Frederique M. , de Weijer Antoin D. , Bruinsma Bastiaan , Geuze Elbert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMilitary personnel are often exposed to high levels of both physical and psychological challenges in their work environment and therefore it is important to be trained on how to handle stressful situations. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether military‐specific virtual battle space (VBS) scenarios could elicit a physiological and subjective stress response in healthy military personnel, as compared to that of a virtual reality height exposure (VR‐HE) stress task that has shown to reliably increase stress levels. Twenty participants engaged in two VBS scenarios and the VR‐HE during separate sessions, while measurements of heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), respiration rate, and subjective stress levels were collected. Contrary to our initial expectations, analysis revealed that neither of the VBS scenarios induced a significant stress response, as indicated by stable HR, HRV, and low subjective stress levels. However, the VR‐HE task did elicit a significant physiological stress response, evidenced by increased HR and HRV changes, aligning with previous research findings. Moreover, no discernible alterations were detected in cognitive performance subsequent to these stressors. These results suggest that the current VBS scenarios, despite their potential, may not be effective for stress‐related training activities within military settings. The absence of a significant stress response in the VBS conditions points to the need for more immersive and engaging scenarios. By integrating interactive and demanding elements, as well as physical feedback systems and real‐time communication, VBS training might better mimic real‐world stressors and improve stress resilience in military personnel. The findings of this study have broader implications for stress research and training, suggesting the need for scenario design improvements in virtual training environments to effectively induce stress and improve stress management across various high‐stress professions.
Bidirectional pH Buffer Effect Facilitates High‐Reversible Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Lv Rongguang , Chen Zhuo , Zhou Weihua , Zhang Lun , Sheng Lin , Yao Pengfei , Wang Feng Ryan , Hao Zhangxiang , Feng Junrun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) stand out from the crowd of energy storage equipment for their superior energy density, enhanced safety features, and affordability. However, the notorious side reaction in the zinc anode and the dissolution of the cathode materials led to poor cycling stability has hindered their further development. Herein, ammonium salicylate (AS) is a bidirectional electrolyte additive to promote prolonged stable cycles in AZIBs. NH4+ and C6H4OHCOO− collaboratively stabilize the pH at the interface of the electrolyte/electrode and guide the homogeneous deposition of Zn2+ at the zinc anode. The higher adsorption energy of NH4+ compared to H2O on the Zn (002) crystal plane mitigates the side reactions on the anode surface. Moreover, NH4+ is similarly adsorbed on the cathode surface, maintaining the stability of the electrode. C6H4OHCOO− and Zn2+ are co‐intercalation/deintercalation during the cycling process, contributing to the higher electrochemical performance of the full cell. As a result, with the presence of AS additive, the Zn//Zn symmetric cells achieved 700 h of highly reversible cycling at 5 mA cm−2. In addition, the assembled NH4V4O10(NVO)//Zn coin and pouch batteries achieved higher capacity and higher cycle lifetime, demonstrating the practicality of the AS electrolyte additive.
Teaching Multilingual Learners in Rural Communities: Negotiating Ethics of Teacher Identity
Authors: Li Shuzhan , Jiang Lei , Sun Wenyang , Fan Feifei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractImmigration, economic, and demographic changes have brought about rich cultural and linguistic diversity in rural communities. With rural schools receiving increasing numbers of multilingual learners, providing equitable educational opportunities for multilingual learners in rural schools is a pressing issue facing educators and scholars today. However, there is limited research on how to best prepare teachers and educators to meet multilingual learners' linguistic, academic, and socioemotional needs. Drawing from a Foucauldian perspective on ethics and teacher identity, this narrative inquiry study presents data from interviews and observations with one rural teacher and ethnographic observations in a rural school in southeastern United States. Findings reveal that the teacher engaged in culturally sustaining practices for multilingual learners, defied established educational policies and prescribed community norms to advocate for multilingual students and families, and achieved ethical self‐formation to meet the telos, or end goals, of her teacher identity. The compelling stories from one rural teacher in this study shed light on the status quo of rural multilingual learner education and offer implications for teachers, education leaders, and teacher educators to positively influence the educative experiences of rural multilingual learners and promote educational equity in rural schools.