bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premorbid adjustment in individuals at ultra‐high risk for developing psychosis: a case–control study
Authors: Dannevang Anders L. , Randers Lasse , Gondan Matthias , Krakauer Kristine , Nordholm Dorte , Nordentoft Merete 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimDeterioration in premorbid adjustment is related to ultra‐high risk (UHR) individuals developing psychosis, but it has not been examined how UHR individuals’ development differs compared to healthy controls. This study investigates differences in premorbid adjustment between UHR individuals and a healthy control group.MethodA total of 48 UHR individuals and 50 healthy controls matched on group level for age, gender and parents’ socio‐economic status were included in the study. Both groups were assessed with the Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS). Based on the PAS scores, composite social and academic scales were computed.ResultsCompared to the healthy controls the UHR individuals’ social and academic premorbid adjustment declined across age periods. Social premorbid adjustment declined particularly between late adolescence and adulthood. Academic premorbid adjustment declined particularly between childhood and early adolescence. The UHR individuals had more premorbid adjustment difficulties on both the social and academic scale, and on the individual PAS scales.ConclusionFrom childhood UHR individuals have lower levels of social and academic premorbid adjustment compared to healthy controls, and the difficulties increase with age. As such, social and academic premorbid adjustment could be an important focus for early intervention.
Clinical and genetic characterization of adult‐onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia associated with CSF1R mutation
Authors: Konno T. , Yoshida K. , Mizuno T. , Kawarai T. , Tada M. , Nozaki H. , Ikeda S.‐I. , Nishizawa M. , Onodera O. , Wszolek Z. K. , Ikeuchi T. 
Published: September 2016

Background and purposeThe clinical characteristics of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) related adult‐onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) have been only partially elucidated.MethodsClinical data from CSF1R mutation carriers who had been seen at our institutions or reported elsewhere were collected and analysed using a specific investigation sheet to standardize the data.ResultsIn all, 122 cases from 90 families with CSF1R mutations were identified. The mean age of onset was 43 years (range 18–78 years), the mean age at death was 53 years (range 23–84 years) and the mean disease duration was 6.8 years (range 1–29 years). Women had a significantly younger age of onset than men (40 vs. 47 years, P = 0.0006, 95% confidence interval 3.158–11.177). There was an age‐dependent penetrance that was significantly different between the sexes (P = 0.0013). Motor dysfunctions were the most frequent initial symptom in women whose diseases began in their 20s. Thinning of the corpus callosum, abnormal signalling in pyramidal tracts, diffusion‐restricted lesions and calcifications in the white matter were characteristic imaging findings of ALSP. The calcifications were more frequently reported in our case series than in the literature (54% vs. 3%). Seventy‐nine per cent of the mutations were located in the distal part of the tyrosine kinase domain of CSF1R (102 cases). There were no apparent phenotype−genotype correlations.ConclusionsThe characteristics of ALSP were clarified. The phenotype of ALSP caused by CSF1R mutations is affected by sex.
Severe hypophosphataemia associated with the management of hyperlipaemia in a miniature pony
Authors: Bamford N. J. , Rosales C. M. , Williamson A. J. , Steel C. M. , Tennent‐Brown B. S. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis report describes a case of severe hypophosphataemia associated with the management of hyperlipaemia in a miniature pony following colic surgery. Clinical signs attributed to hypophosphataemia included obtundation, anorexia, tachycardia, tachypnoea and generalised muscle fasciculations. Hyperlipaemia was managed with enteral and partial parenteral nutrition; insulin was also administered to control hyperglycaemia after the initiation of caloric support. Specific therapy for hypophosphataemia consisted of parenteral potassium phosphate at 0.03 mmol/kg bwt/h (i.v.). The pony made a full recovery without further complications. Hypophosphataemia may be an under‐recognised clinical problem in certain populations of critically ill equids, such as those with hyperlipaemia and receiving insulin as part of their management. The routine measurement of phosphate concentration in these cases is recommended.
Crystal structure of β1→6‐galactosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum S17: trimeric architecture, molecular determinants of the enzymatic activity and its inhibition by α‐galactose
Authors: Godoy Andre Schutzer , Camilo Cesar Moises , Kadowaki Marco Antonio , Muniz Heloisa dos S. , Espirito Santo Melissa , Murakami Mario Tyago , Nascimento Alessandro S. , Polikarpov Igor 
Published: September 2016

In a search for better comprehension of β‐galactosidase function and specificity, we solved the crystal structures of the GH42 β‐galactosidase BbgII from Bifidobacterium bifidum S17, a well‐adapted probiotic microorganism from the human digestive tract, and its complex with d‐α‐galactose. BbgII is a three‐domain molecule that forms barrel‐shaped trimers in solution. BbgII interactions with d‐α‐galactose, a competitive inhibitor, showed a number of residues that are involved in the coordination of ligands. A combination of site‐directed mutagenesis of these amino acid residues with enzymatic activity measurements confirmed that Glu161 and Glu320 are fundamental for catalysis and their substitution by alanines led to catalytically inactive mutants. Mutation Asn160Ala resulted in a two orders of magnitude decrease of the enzyme kcat without significant modification in its Km, whereas mutations Tyr289Phe and His371Phe simultaneously decreased kcat and increased Km values. Enzymatic activity of Glu368Ala mutant was too low to be detected. Our docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed that the enzyme recognizes and tightly binds substrates with β1→6 and β1→3 bonds, while binding of the substrates with β1→4 linkages is less favorable.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB under the accession numbers 4UZS and 4UCF
On Becoming Creatures: Being Called to Presence in a Distracted World
Authors: Brock Brian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn the biblical creation story human beings are depicted as beings ejected from the true home given to them in creation and entrapped in the dynamics of their flight from God. Franz Rosenzweig suggested that modern life is best understood as a type of chronic living death characterized by an animate but nevertheless sterile experience of loss. Following Eric Santner's presentation of this theme in Rosenzweig, this article will explore what it might mean to recover a sense of the goodness of place and particularity. I will examine Santner's suggestion that to become present to ‘place’ is to have undergone the ‘undeadening’ intervention of another person, who offers us an exit route in the midst of the tangle of our lived lives. I will then show how the main lines of his analysis both parallel and offer ways to sharpen important aspects of Dietrich Bonhoeffer's account in Creation and Fall of the dynamics of the Fall and the healing of creatures. Human beings are depicted by Bonhoeffer as in need of being transformed into creatures, a theological insight resting on a complex account of creation, and which I will suggest, in conclusion, is a particularly important theme of a Christian gospel that can speak to a world saturated by the desire to be elsewhere.
Development of a decision aid for children faced with the decision to undergo dental treatment with sedation or general anaesthesia
Authors: Hulin Joe , Baker Sarah R. , Marshman Zoe , Albadri Sondos , Rodd Helen D. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundDecision aids are tools used to help individuals faced with difficult healthcare decisions. They help patients further understand the treatment options available and encourage the sharing of information between patients and clinicians.AimTo develop a decision aid for young patients faced with the decision to undergo dental treatment with inhalation sedation, intravenous sedation, or general anaesthesia (GA).DesignQualitative interviews with dental patients (aged 10–16 years), and their parents/guardians were used to inform the content of a draft decision aid. Following further revisions, a pilot evaluation of the decision aid was conducted. Patients referred for dental treatment with sedation or GA were recruited from a UK dental hospital. Patients (n = 15) and parents/guardians (n = 13) assigned to the intervention group received the decision aid and routine clinical counselling, whereas patients (n = 17) and parents/guardians (n = 13) in the control group only received routine clinical counselling. Participants completed measures of knowledge, decisional conflict, and dental anxiety.ResultsKnowledge scores were significantly higher for participants who received the decision aid when compared to standard care. There were no other significant differences between groups.ConclusionsA decision aid was successfully developed, and initial findings suggest such tools could be beneficial to dental sedation or GA patients and their parents/guardians. Further research is required on the use of such tools in primary care settings, with particular attention to the impact of the decision aid on attendance and completion rates of treatment.
Nurses', midwives' and key stakeholders' experiences and perceptions on requirements to demonstrate the maintenance of professional competence
Authors: Casey Mary , Cooney Adeline , O' Connell Rhona , Hegarty Josephine‐Mary , Brady Anne‐Marie , O' Reilly Pauline , Kennedy Catriona , Heffernan Elizabeth , Fealy Gerard , McNamara Martin , O' Connor Laserina 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimTo present the qualitative findings from a study on the development of scheme(s) to give evidence of maintenance of professional competence for nurses and midwives.BackgroundKey issues in maintenance of professional competence include notions of self‐ assessment, verification of engagement and practice hours, provision of an evidential record, the role of the employer and articulation of possible consequences for non‐adherence with the requirements. Schemes to demonstrate the maintenance of professional competence have application to nurses, midwives and regulatory bodies and healthcare employers worldwide.DesignA mixed methods approach was used. This included an online survey of nurses and midwives and focus groups with nurses and midwives and other key stakeholders. The qualitative data are reported in this study.MethodsFocus groups were conducted among a purposive sample of nurses, midwives and key stakeholders from January–May 2015. A total of 13 focus groups with 91 participants contributed to the study.FindingsFour major themes were identified: Definitions and Characteristics of Competence; Continuing Professional Development and Demonstrating Competence; Assessment of Competence; The Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland and employers as regulators and enablers of maintaining professional competence.ConclusionCompetence incorporates knowledge, skills, attitudes, professionalism, application of evidence and translating learning into practice. It is specific to the nurse's/midwife's role, organizational needs, patient's needs and the individual nurse's/midwife's learning needs. Competencies develop over time and change as nurses and midwives work in different practice areas. Thus, role‐specific competence is linked to recent engagement in practice.
Qualitative meta‐synthesis: the experience of chronic pain across conditions
Authors: Crowe Marie , Whitehead Lisa , Seaton Philippa , Jordan Jennifer , Mccall Catherine , Maskill Virginia , Trip Henrietta 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimTo synthesize qualitative descriptions of the experience of chronic pain across conditions.BackgroundChronic pain is a transdiagnostic symptom in that while somatic pathology plays a role in activating pain pathways, psychological and social factors contribute to the experience of pain over time. The treatment of the underlying condition may require both biomedical intervention and biopsychosocial approaches.DesignQualitative meta‐synthesis using Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (CERQual) developed by Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group to evaluate the strength of the evidence.Data sourcesPubMed and Ovid Medline from 2000–2015.Review methodsFollowing a systematic search strategy all papers were assessed in relation to inclusion criteria and quality. Themes were extracted from each study and a meta‐synthesis conducted before completing an evaluation of confidence in the findings.ResultsForty‐one papers exploring the experience of chronic pain were included in the review. Five meta‐themes were identified across the studies: 1) the body as obstacle; 2) invisible but real; 3) disrupted sense of self; 4) unpredictability; and 5) keeping going. There was high confidence in the evidence for three themes: ‘the body as obstacle’; ‘disrupted sense of self’ and ‘keeping going’; and moderate confidence in the evidence for ‘invisible but real’ and ‘unpredictability’.ConclusionsThe findings in this review suggest there are similarities in the experience of chronic pain across a range of conditions that have implications for the development of transdiagnostic pain management strategies and interventions.
Detection of internal qualities of hami melons using hyperspectral imaging technology based on variable selection algorithms
Authors: Sun Jingtao , Ma Benxue , Dong Juan , Zhu Rongguang , Zhang Ruoyu , Jiang Wei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHyperspectral imaging technology was used to assess the soluble solids content (SSC), titrable acidity content (TAC), and firmness of hami melons. The mean spectra were extracted from the regions of interest (ROI) of the hyperspectral images of each hami melon. Spectral data were first pretreated with different preprocessing methods and analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) method to build calibration models. However, full spectral data contain a great number of redundant and colinear variables that lead to poor predicting ability of calibration models. Three typical variable selection methods, i.e., the genetic algorithm (GA), successive projections algorithm (SPA), and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were used to extract effective wavelength variables from the full spectra for determination of SSC, TAC, and firmness of hami melon. The results showed that the SNV‐CARS‐PLS model based on 51 and 40 wavelength variables achieved the optimal performance for SSC and TAC compared with full spectral SNV‐PLS, SNV‐GA‐PLS, and SNV‐SPA‐PLS models. The RP, RMSEP, and RPD of SNV‐CARS‐PLS model for SSC were 0.9606, 0.3816, and 3.598, respectively, and 0.9125, 0.0263, and 2.445 for TAC, respectively. The best model for predicting firmness was RAW‐CARS‐PLS model based on 57 wavelength variables with the RP RMSEP, and RDP values of 0.8671, 20.05, and 1.996, respectively. Overall, the results indicate that the CARS is a powerful method for selecting effective wavelength variables and demonstrated the feasibility of using hyperspectral imaging technology as a fast and nondestructive method for simultaneous detection of SSC, TAC, and firmness of hami melons.Practical applicationsThe quality of melon has a direct relationship with the soluble solids content, titrable acidity content, and texture of melon. To ensure the best taste and highest nutritional value, it is better for melons to be harvested when completely mature. Nowadays, melons were harvested according to different fruit development times after flowering. Traditional methods for detection of internal qualities and maturity of melon mainly focus on the appearance of melon and depend on the feelings of professionals, which are tedious, time‐consuming, expensive, and greatly influenced by subjective factors. More than anything, Traditional methods are hard to be highly accurate. Hyperspectral imaging technology has the advantages of rapid and nondestructive. The results showed that hyperspectral imaging technology for the simultaneous detection of soluble solids content, titrable acidity content, and firmness of melon is feasible. And the results can provide a reference for detecting large fruits by using hyperspectral imaging technology
An integrative review on women living with obstetric fistula and after treatment experiences
Authors: Mafo Degge Hannah , Hayter Mark , Laurenson Mary 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo review literature on the experiences of women with obstetric fistula, their lived experiences after treatment; and to provide evidence for future research.BackgroundObstetric fistula is an injury most commonly resulting from a prolonged labour. Long eradicated in developed countries, obstetric fistula remains a public health issue in sub‐Saharan Africa and Asia. This is a highly stigmatised health condition, and an understanding of the women's experience is required to inform holistic approaches for care and prevention.DesignA search of literature was conducted on databases of EBSCO host (Academic Search Premier, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL), Web of Science; and websites of international organizations such as Women's Dignity Project and EngenderHealth. Keywords, Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined and 25 articles published between 2004 to January 2015 were identified.MethodsAn integrative review of 25 articles was carried out.ResultsThree broad themes were identified: Challenges of living with fistula; treatment and care experiences; and reintegration experiences of women after fistula repair.ConclusionsLiving with a fistula presents multidimensional consequences affecting women, families and communities. Accessing treatment is difficult and there are no standardised treatment packages. Surgical repairs were variable in their success rate. Some authors claim women resume normal lives irrespective of their continence status, whilst others claim they face discrimination despite being continent thereby hindering reintegration. Quality of life is diminished for those remaining incontinent. Post repair psychosocial support services are beneficial for reintegration, but research on programme benefits is limited. Therefore further research is required to support its benefits; and for policy development to meet care provision for women with fistula.Relevance to clinical practiceThe review provides insights into avenues of improving care provision and delivery by health professionals and policy makers. It also exposes areas that need further research for quality care provision.
A qualitative study of collaboration in general practice: understanding the general practice nurse's role
Authors: McInnes Susan , Peters Kath , Bonney Andrew , Halcomb Elizabeth 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore the nature of collaboration between registered nurses and general practitioners in Australian general practice.BackgroundThere is international recognition that collaboration between health professionals can improve care coordination, enhance health outcomes, optimise the work environment and reduce healthcare costs. However, effective collaboration requires a clear understanding of each team member's role.DesignA qualitative approach guided by Naturalistic Inquiry was used to elicit and interpret participant narratives.MethodsEight general practitioners and fourteen registered nurses working in general practice were purposefully recruited. Data were collected via individual, semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews during February to May 2015. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsData revealed three overarching themes. This study presents the data for the overarching theme ‘Understanding the general practice registered nurse's role’. Many general practitioner participants lacked clarity around the role and scope of practice of the registered nurse. At the same time, nursing participants often articulated their role as an assistant rather than as an independent health professional. This limited collaboration and the nurses’ role within the team. Collaboration was enhanced when general practitioners actively sought an understanding of the registered nurses scope of practice.ConclusionClarifying the nurses’ role promotes collaboration and supports nurses to work to the full extent of their practice. This is important in terms of optimising the nurses’ role within the team and reinforcing their professional identity.Relevance to clinical practiceIdentification of key issues around understanding the nurses’ role may help inform strategies that improve collaboration and workplace relations.
DNA methylation changes at SNCA intron 1 in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Funahashi Yu , Yoshino Yuta , Yamazaki Kiyohiro , Mori Yoko , Mori Takaaki , Ozaki Yuki , Sao Tomoko , Ochi Shinichiro , Iga Jun‐ichi , Ueno Shu‐ichi 
Published: September 2016

AimIt is difficult to diagnose dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) because it exhibits clinical and neuropathological overlap with both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The α‐synuclein protein is a major component of Lewy bodies, and accumulation of α‐synuclein aggregates causes synaptic dysfunction in DLB. Epigenetic changes at the synuclein alpha (
SNCA
) gene may be involved in DLB pathogenesis.MethodsWe examined DNA methylation rates at 10 CpG sites located in intron 1 of
SNCA
and
SNCA
mRNA expression in peripheral leukocytes to compare DLB patients (n = 20; nine men, 11 women; age = 78.8 ± 7.7 years) with healthy controls (n = 20; eight men, 12 women; age = 77.0 ± 6.9 years).ResultsThe methylation rate at CpG 4 (
P
= 0.002) and the overall mean methylation rate at these sites (P < 0.001) were significantly lower in DLB patients than in healthy controls after Bonferroni correction. Although
SNCA126
, a partial form of
SNCA
mRNA expression, was significantly increased in DLB (
P
= 0.017), there was no significant difference in total
SNCA
mRNA expression between DLB patients and healthy controls (
P
= 0.165). No correlation was observed between SCNA mRNA expression levels and blood DNA methylation rates in either DLB or healthy controls.ConclusionOur findings indicated that lower methylation rates may be a biomarker for DLB.