bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms of AZIN1 rs2679757 and TRPM5 rs886277 are Associated with Cirrhosis Risk in Chinese Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Peng Li-jun , Guo Jin-sheng , Zhang Zhe , Liu Li-li , Cao Yi-rong , Shi Hong , Wang Jian , Friedman Scott L. , Sninsky John J. , Wang Ji-yao 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have linked many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the outcomes of a variety of liver diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of several candidate SNPs with the risk and severity of cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis B in a Chinese population.
Methods A total of 714 Chinese participants with persistent HBV infection were studied. Patients were divided into cirrhotic (n = 429) and non-cirrhotic (n = 285) groups based on clinical and pathological evidence. The progression rate and severity of liver cirrhosis were evaluated with an arbitrary t-score system. Genotypes of six SNPs in five candidate genes were detected with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The genotypic distributions of the SNPs were compared between the age-matched cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic subjects. The association between the risk of SNPs and the severity and progression rate of cirrhosis was further analyzed.
Results Rs2679757 polymorphism of the antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) gene and Rs886277 in the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M, member 5 gene (TRPM5) were found to be associated with cirrhosis risk in CHB. They were also correlated with the overall severity and progression rate of cirrhosis. Genotype frequencies of other SNPs were not different between the cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis groups.
Conclusions AZIN1 rs2679757 and TRPM5 rs886277 are associated with the risk and the progression rate of HBV-related liver fibrosis in Chinese patients. The emerging SNPs associated with cirrhosis prognosis warrant further clinical validation in other CHB cohorts or ethnic groups, and merit mechanistic studies to reveal their roles in fibrosis progression.
Quasispecies of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Cheng Jun , Quan Min , Li Min , Liu Shun-ai , Wang Qi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) circulates in blood and replicates in the presence of quasispecies. During HBV replication, HBV DNA polymerase lacks fidelity and proofreading function partly because its exonuclease activity is either absent or deficient. Therefore, HBV genome is mutated with unusually high frequency. And these mutations can affect more than one open reading frame due to overlapping genes. Otherwise, natural substitutions, deletions or insertions involving the Cp/EN∥ locus in the X gene can significantly alter the extent of viral replication activity. Particular selection pressures such as host immune system and antiviral therapy readily select out escape mutants from this pre-existing quasispecies pool. Antiviral drug resistance in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can be caused by the viral mutation frequency, the intrinsic mutability of the antiviral target site, the selective pressure exerted by the drug, the magnitude and rate of virus replication, the overall replication fitness of the mutant, the genetic barrier of the compound and the availability of replication space. Potent inhibition of HBV replication could be able to prevent the development of drug resistance because mutagenesis is replication dependent. Viral load may decline to a point where the continued production of quasispecies with the potential to resist new drug treatments no longer occurs, if viral replication can be suppressed for a sufficient length of time.
Chronic Liver Failure after Treatment with Infliximab for Ankylosing Spondylitis in a Patient with Hepatitis B
Authors: Li Yun-ru , Chen Feng-xin , Duan Xue-fei , Gao Xue-song , Fan Xiao-ling 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A 50-year-old man with ankylosing spondylitis was treated successfully with infliximab, who was also a HBV carrier for about twenty five years. After injection with infliximab for four times, he developed jaundice and HBV DNA was detectable in serum. Serum aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels were higher than normal. Then he was hospitalized and treated with entacavir and Chinese herb medicine. But his liver damage aggravated and was diagnosed as acute on chronic liver failure. Finally, liver transplantation was carried out and he was cured successfully.
The Correlation between Gene Polymorphism and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chi Zhao-Chun , Geng Chang-Xin , Dong Quan-Jiang 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The association of gene polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been widely studied in recent years. Gene mutations are closely related to HCC. Understanding and measuring the gene mutations are useful to reduce the incidence of HCC and improve its prognosis.
Detection of Mutations Resistant to Lamivudine or Adefovir in HBV and Its Management
Authors: Jia De-xing , Feng Jing , Li Ping , Lun Xiu-ying , Yu Xian-jie 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) naïve chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients were given rescue combination therapy after drug resistance to lamivudine or adefovir. Evolution of HBV mutation patterns and its impact on antiviral effects were studied.
Methods Total of 142 naïve CHB patients treated with lamivudine were randomly divided into two groups when lamivudine resistance occurred. One group was added with adefovir, the other was switched to entecavir and adefovir. Seventy-two naïve CHB patients treated with adefovir were randomly divided into two groups when adefovir resistance occurred. One group was added with lamivudine, the other was added with entecavir. HBV polymerase reverse transcriptase mutations associated with resistance were analyed before and after 48 weeks of rescue therapy, respectively.
Results The mutation patterns of M204V/I, M204V+L180M were predominantly found in CHB patients after lamivudine resistance. Meanwhile, the entecavir resistance mutation patterns were also detected. Therefore, patients with lamivudine resistance could develop more diverse drug resistance mutations if they were switched to entecavir and adefovir. The mutation patterns of rtA181 were predominantly found in CHB patients after adefovir resistance and rescure therapy with add-on entecavir was more effective than with add-on lamivudine
Conclusions Resistance mutation analysis chould help to choose NAs, reduce resistance and ehance antiviral effects.
Liver Histopathological Features Influencing HBeAg Seroconversion in Patients with HBeAg-positive Chronic Hepatitis B Treated with Pegylated Interferon α
Authors: Hu Yao-ren , Yan Hua-dong , Gao Guo-sheng , Zhu Cheng-liang , Cheng Ji-fang 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective To investigate the efficiency of pegylated interferon α therapy for patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and explore whether liver histopathological features and other factors might influence HBeAg seroconversion.
Methods Total of 80 HBeAg-positive CHB patients who received liver puncture were treated with pegylated interferon α once a week for 48 weeks. The rate of HBeAg seroconversion was determined after therapy, and the factors influencing HBeAg seroconversion were analyzed.
Results The rate of HBeAg seroconversion was 30.00％ at the end of treatment. The rate of HBeAg seroconversion gradually increased with the elevation of liver inflammatory activity (χ2 = 9.170, P = 0.027). But liver fibrosis has little correlation with the rate of HBeAg seroconversion (χ2 = 5.917, P = 0.116). Except HBeAg, other baseline indexes including gender, age, serum ALT and serum HBV DNA 1evels had no statistical difference between the patients with HBeAg seroconversion and the patients without HBeAg seroconversion. By binary logistic regression analysis, liver inflammation and HBeAg were influencing factors for HBeAg seroconversion.
Conclusions Pegylated interferon α therapy induces a higher rate of HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with severe liver inflammation, so the liver biopsies should be performed in time.
The Denver Tube Combined with Antiviral Drugs In the Treatment of HBV-related Cirrhosis with Refractory Ascites: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Wang Xiao-jin , Shi Li-qin , Fu Qing-chun , Ni Liu-da , Zhou Feng , Chen Jin-wei , Chen Cheng-wei 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Treatment of nucleos(t)ide antiviral drugs for decompensated HBV-related cirrhosis can significantly improve the prognosis. But those patients with refractory ascites possibly deteriorate due to the complications of ascites before any benefit from anti-viral drugs could be observed. Therefore, it is important to find a way to help the patients with HBV-related cirrhosis and refractory ascites to receive the full benefits from antiviral therapy. Peritoneovenous shunt (PVS) using Denver tube enables ascites to continuously bypass into systemic circulation, thereby reducing ascites and albumin input and improving quality of life. We report herein 3 cases of decompensated HBV-related cirrhosis with refractory ascites, PVS using Denver tube was combined with lamivudine for antiviral treatment before and after. Then, ascites was alleviated significantly or disapeared and viral responsed well. All patients achieved a satisfactory long-term survival from 6.7 to 14.7 years. It was suggested that the Denver shunt could be used as an adjuvant method to antiviral drugs for decompensated HBV-related cirrhosis with refractory ascites to help the patients reap the full benefits and maximize efficacy of antiviral treatment.
The Temperature Dropped to Normal When Rash Had Appeared For 12 Hours: An A typical Case of Measles in Adult
Authors: Liu Chun-ling , Wang Chun-wei , Liu Ying , Zhou Ping , Li Xiao-juan , Si Hui-yuan , Zhang Hongwei 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A twenty-eight-year-old male patient with five-day’s fever (the highest body tempreture reached 39.4°C) and 10-hour’s rash (first on face) presented to the department of emergency for “drug rash”, at that time his temperature was 38.6°C. Two hours later, his temperature fell to normal. Then this patient’s entire body rash increased significantly and lasted for 13 hours. Serum measles antibody IgM(+) confirmed the measles diagnosis. He had received measles vaccine as a baby. Clinicians should be aware of this atypical clinical manifestation of adult measles. If this kind of patients were misdiagnosed as drug rash and given corticosteroid, measles disease may be aggravated. Specific serum measles antibody testing may be the only reliable method for differential diagnosis, but the earliest time point for examining the antibodies of measles still needs precise research.
Acute Respiratory Disease at a Chinese Military Recruitment Training Center: Three-Year Consecutive Investigation
Authors: Zhang Jun-fei , Fang Jian , Song Hai-yan , Wu Wei-li , Liu Bo , Chen Cong-xin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Background Military recruits are at a higher risk of acute respiratory disease (ARD) and the causative agents might change over time, which needs to be investigated.
Methods The nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples were consecutively collected from conscripts for three years in a military training center. The real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assays were conducted for 15 species of common respiratory pathogens; the serum anti-Legionella pneumophila antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay, and serum anti-Microplasma pneumoniae antibodies, serum anti-influenza B virus and anti-influenza A virus-IgM and IgG were detected by ELISA.
Results The prevalences of ARD were 59.3% (108/182) in 2008, 23.3% (50/215) in 2009, and 19.6% (40/204) in 2010. Among the patients with ARD from 2008 to 2010, the influenza B virus infection accounted for 45.4%, 30.0% and 55.0%, and seasonal influenza A virus infection for 8.3%, 8.0% and 5.0%, respectively; the positive rates of serum anti-Legionella pneumophila and anti-Microplasma pneumoniae antibodies in recruits was lower than 10% each year respectively in the three years without diagnostic significance.
Conclusion The early appropriate diagnosis and treatment of ARD in military personnel will ensure the power strength of armed forces.
A case of cutaneous nocardiosis caused by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in a diabetic patient
Authors: Jia Yuchi , Song Shiduo , Wu Xiaomei , Qi Wei 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We present a case of cutaneous abscess with Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in a diabetic patient, and review the published work. This patient had infectious abscess on his left lower thigh and the right lower abdomen. The isolated organism was identified by DNA amplification and sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA. After incision and drainage, the clinical application empirically used linezolid and SMZCo took effect.
Self-care challenges in adolescents: a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Masoumi Maryam , Shahhosseini Zohreh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundAdolescence is the period of accepting self-care responsibility. Many severe diseases that cause early mortality are rooted in adolescence. Hence, adolescence is the definitive time for preventive interventions such as self-care behaviors. In addition to the benefits of self-care behaviors, evidence shows that adolescents face barriers in performing self-care behaviors.ObjectiveThe aim of the current study to review the self-care challenges for adolescents.MethodsDatabases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database and Scopus were searched to extract papers published from 1994 to 2016 based on the inclusion criterion. The inclusion criterion was English language papers from famous authors on self-care behaviors in adolescents.ResultsThe results of the current study showed that adolescents face cultural (two subcategories, beliefs and convictions, knowledge), socio-economic (five subcategories, family, healthcare providers, peers, social support, economic status) and personal (three subcategories, mental health, gender, ethnicity) challenges.ConclusionsSelf-care behaviors in adolescents are influenced by biological, psychological, economic and social factors. As this is a multifactorial process, people who deal with adolescents should have enough knowledge regarding adolescent health status and also learn how to perceive the role of culture in self-care behaviors of the adolescents.
Non-Polynomial Spline Method for One Dimensional Nonlinear Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers Equation
Authors: Ravi Kanth A. S. V. , Deepika S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this paper, non-polynomial spline method for solving one dimensional nonlinear Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers equation is presented. Stability analysis of the present method is analyzed by means of Von Neumann process and the method is proven to be unconditionally stable. Truncation error of the proposed method is also discussed. Few numerical evidences are given to prove the validation of the proposed method.
Distribution of static pressure of seeds in a shallow model silo
Authors: Horabik Józef , Molenda Marek 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The influence of the filling method, the seed size and the aspect ratio on the radial distribution of the vertical pressure on the floor of a shallow model silo and radial distribution of tangent stress within the material was investigated. Three filling methods were applied: central, circumferential and distributed. Seeds of five varieties were used: horse bean, field pea, wheat, vetch, and rapeseed. Vertical pressure on the floor of a shallow bin was found to be influenced by the filling method and the seed size and aspect ratio. A significant dip of vertical pressure in the middle radial location was observed in all tests, except two: central and circumferential filling of rapeseed. Wall friction was mobilized in the highest degree in the case of the central filling, while the lowest was mobilization of friction in the case of the circumferential filling.
Breaking tester for examining strength of consolidated starch
Authors: Stasiak Mateusz , Molenda Marek , Bańda Maciej , Wiącek Joanna , Dobrzański Bohdan , Parafiniuk Piotr 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A new method based on the measurement of force required to break by bending a vertical column of consolidated powder was elaborated, and its results were compared with the ones obtained from the Jenike shear test. A new apparatus was built based on a vertical cylindrical chamber divided into two cylinders connected with a horizontal hinge. The apparatus was tested with samples of potato, maize and wheat starches with moisture content of 6, 12 and 17% and with the addition of a lubricant. Results of testing revealed significant differences in measured force required to rotate the upper part of the cylinder away from the lower one. The average force varied from 0.138 N for maize starch to 0.143 N for potato starch, while, for various moisture contents, the measured force varied from 0.135 N for 6% to 0.143 N for 17% mc. The results were compared with the results of a direct shear test.
Observed and modelled solar radiation components in sugarcane crop grown under tropical conditions
Authors: Santos Marcos A. dos , Souza José L. de , Lyra Gustavo B. , Teodoro Iêdo , Ferreira Ricardo A. , Santos Almeida Alexsandro C. dos , Lyra Guilherme B. , Souza Renan C. de , Lemes Marco A. Maringolo 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The net radiation over vegetated surfaces is one of the major input variables in many models of soil evaporation, evapotranspiration as well as leaf wetness duration. In the literature there are relatively few studies on net radiation over sugarcane crop in tropical climates. The main objective of the present study was to assess the solar radiation components measured and modelled for two crop stages of a sugarcane crop in the region of Rio Largo, Alagoas, North-eastern Brazil. The measurements of the radiation components were made with a net radiometer during the dry and rainy seasons and two models were used to estimate net radiation: the Ortega-Farias model and the Monteith and Unsworth model. The highest values of net radiation were observed at the crop development stage, due mainly to the high indices of incoming solar radiation. The daily average albedos of sugarcane at the crop development and mid-season stages were 0.16 and 0.20, respectively. Both models showed a better fit for the crop development stage than for the mid-season stage. When they were inter-compared, Monteith and Unsworth model was more efficient than Ortega-Farias model, despite the dispersion of their simulated radiation components which was similar.
Effect of tillage practices on least limiting water range in Northwest India
Authors: Kahlon Meharban S. , Chawla Karitika 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Tillage practices affect mechanical and hydrological characteristics of soil and subsequently the least limiting water range. This quality indicator under the wheat-maize system of northwest India has not been studied yet. The treatments included four tillage modes, namely conventional tillage, no-tillage without residue, no-tillage with residue, and deep tillage as well as three irrigation regimes based on the irrigation water and pan evaporation ratio i.e. 1.2, 0.9, and 0.6. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three replications. At the end of cropping system, the mean least limiting water range (m3 m-3) was found to be highest in deep tillage (0.26) and lowest in notillage without residue (0.15). The field capacity was a limiting factor for the upper range of the least limiting water range beyond soil bulk density 1.41 Mg m-3 and after that 10% air filled porosity played a major role. However, for the lower range, the permanent wilting point was a critical factor beyond soil bulk density 1.50 Mg m-3 and thereafter, the penetration resistance at 2 MPa becomes a limiting factor. Thus, deep tillage under compaction and no-tillage with residue under water stress is appropriate practice for achieving maximum crop and water productivity.
Original article. Mitigation of diazinon-induced cardiovascular and renal dysfunction by gallic acid
Authors: Ajibade Temitayo Olabisi , Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo , Omobowale Temidayo Olutayo , Asenuga Ebunoluwa Racheal , Afolabi Jeremiah Moyinoluwa , Adedapo Adeolu Alex 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStudies of the link between environmental pollutants and cardiovascular dysfunction, neglected for decades, have recently provided new insights into the pathology and consequences of these killers. In this study, rats were divided into four groups, each containing 10 rats. The rats in group one served as controls and were administered normal saline, whereas the rats in group two were orally gavaged with 3 mg/kg of diazinon (DZN) alone for twenty one consecutive days. The rats in groups 3 and 4 were administered respective 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg gallic acid (GA) in addition to DZN for twenty one consecutive days. Exposure of rats to diazinon significantly (p<0.05) reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) contents were also significantly (p<0.05) elevated following DZN exposure. DZN further caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease of heart rate and QT interval prolongation. Hematologic analysis revealed significant reduction (p<0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) count, and total white blood cell count of rats administered only DZN. Observations in this study suggest a modulatory role of gallic acid in diazinon-induced anemia and associated cardiovascular dysfunction in rats. Treatment with gallic acid reversed the oxidative stress markers studied, increased the antioxidant defence system and reduced deleterious effects on hematological parameters in rats. Pathologic findings of the heart and kidney were also found to be lessened.
Communication Formations
Authors: Dolník Juraj 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper is intended to be a contribution to research of communication formations that are shaped by systematic communication. The approach of the author is based on the idea that the human being has a gift for making signs and people make use of this property if they are adapting to a situation of recurrent coexistence. This property enables the participants of such a situation to create social signs with the structure sociolect as the form of the sign: the semantic interpretation of this form as the meaning of the sign. One way of analysing this meaning is by looking at the foundation of the motivation of animal and human behaviour. The author argues that this meaning is based on a feeling of safety and the participants of potential communication formations follow the principle of coordination in order to sustain this feeling and to introduce the state of communication comfort.