bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyanoacrylate closure of incompetent great, small and accessory saphenous veins without the use of post-procedure compression: Initial outcomes of a post-market evaluation of the VenaSeal System (the WAVES Study)
Authors: Gibson Kathleen , Ferris Brian 
Published: May 2016

Purpose Cyanoacrylate closure of the great saphenous vein with the VenaSeal™ Closure System is a relatively new modality. Studies have been limited to moderate-sized great saphenous veins and some have mandated postoperative compression stockings. We report the results of a prospective study of cyanoacrylate closure for the treatment of great saphenous vein, small saphenous veins, and/or accessory saphenous veins up to 20 mm in diameter. Methods Fifty subjects with symptomatic great saphenous vein, small saphenous veins, and/or accessory saphenous veins incompetence were each treated at a single session. Compression stockings were not used post-procedure. Subjects returned to clinic at week 1 and again at one month. Post-procedure evaluations were performed at seven days and one month and included numerical pain rating score, revised venous clinical severity score, the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire score, and time to return to work and normal activities. Duplex ultrasound was performed at each visit. Findings Procedural pain was mild (numerical pain rating scale 2.2 ± 1.8). All treated veins (48 great saphenous vein, 14 accessory saphenous veins, and 8 small saphenous veins) had complete closure by duplex ultrasound at seven days and one month. Mean time to return to work and normal activities was 0.2 ± 1.1 and 2.4 ± 4.1 days, respectively. The revised venous clinical severity score was improved to 1.8 ± 1.4 ( p < .001) and Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire score to 8.9 ± 6.6 ( p < .001) at one month. Phlebitis in the treatment area or side branches occurred in 10 subjects (20%) and completely resolved in all but one subject (2%) by one month; 98% of subjects were “completely” or “somewhat” satisfied, and 2% “unsatisfied” with the procedure at one month, despite the protocol disallowance of concomitant side branch treatment. Conclusions Cyanoacrylate closure is safe and effective for the treatment of one or more incompetent saphenous or accessory saphenous veins. Closure rates were high even in the absence of the use of compression stockings or side branch treatment. Time back to work or normal activities was short and improvements in venous severity scores and QOL were significant, comparing favorably with alternative treatment methods.
Redox-active Supramolecular Fibers of a Nitronyl Nitroxide-based Gelator
Authors: Yamaguchi Daisuke , Eimura Hiroki , Yoshio Masafumi , Kato Takashi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Redox-active supramolecular fibers of a nitronyl nitroxide radical molecule have been developed. The organic radical gelator forms self-assembled fibers in organic solvents via intermolecular hydrogen bonds to yield physical gels. The redox properties of the fibrous aggregates of the organic radical have been confirmed by cyclic voltammetry.
LA LEY DE RESTITUCIÓN DE TIERRAS EN COLOMBIA DE ESPALDAS A LOS OPOSITORES DE BUENA FE
Authors: Cárdenas Mesa John Arturo 
Published: May 2016

Colombia ha tenido grandes avances en materia de reparación a víctimas del conflicto armado interno. De la Ley 387 de 1997 a la Ley 1448 de 2011, ha habido un cambio de paradigma jurídico cultural en el cual la reparación por medio de medidas de restitución han ido cobrando tanta importancia como las reparaciones económicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar que la Ley de Restitución de Tierras, tal como está concebida, puede originar en una nueva forma de despojo dado que desconoce los derechos de los opositores de buena fe, muchos de los cuales son también campesinos víctimas de la violencia política. Ello se debe a una deficiente regulación en aspectos como el probatorio, a la lentitud con que avanza el proceso y a que no se tuvo en cuenta que la dinámica del despojo y el abandono ocasionado por grupos paramilitares es diferente al originado en la violencia guerrillera. The Land Restitution Law against opponents in good faith Abstract Colombia has made great progress in reparation for the victims of the internal armed conflict; from Law 387 of 1997 to Law 1448 of 2011, there has been a legal paradigm cultural change in which redress through restitution measures have been gaining much importance as economic reparations.The aim of this paper is to show that the Law on Land Restitution, as it is conceived, can result in a new form of dispossession because it ignores opponents in good faith, many of whom are also farmers victims of political violence. This is due to poor regulation in areas such as the evidentiary, to the slowness with which the process advances and to the fact that it was not taken into account that the dynamics of the dispossession and neglect caused by paramilitary groups are different to the originated in guerrilla violence.
Percepciones de teleformadores del Instituto de Formación y Estudios Sociales de Sevilla sobre la teleformación
Authors: Fernández Robles Bárbara , Cabero Almenara Julio 
Published: May 2016

Nos encontramos en una sociedad en constante cambio y evolución, por ello, las necesidades de formación se prolongan más allá de los primeros estudios profesionalizadores y se extienden a lo largo de toda la vida. En este contexto, la teleformación da respuesta a la necesidad de reciclaje profesional y formación permanente de las personas ocupadas, ya que les aporta flexibilidad para actualizar su conocimiento. En la investigación que presentamos se analizan los factores que influyen en la formación de personas ocupadas impartida a través de teleformación, con el objetivo de conocer las variables que hay que tener en cuenta en el diseño instruccional y en la puesta en marcha de las acciones formativas. El enfoque que se utilizó fue mixto, en concreto, los instrumentos que se utilizaron fueron: cuestionario y entrevista. La muestra estaba compuesta por 20 teleformadores de personas ocupadas y por la coordinadora de los teleformadores del Instituto de Formación y Estudios Sociales de Sevilla.
L’adieu aux armes ?
Authors: Kaya Sümbül 
Published: May 2016

Cet article analyse la situation des conscrits des forces armées turques qui ont participé au conflit kurde pendant leur service militaire. Il se demande dans quelle mesure le retour des anciens combattants fait l’objet d’une instrumentalisation par les autorités turques, notamment à partir de la mythification des combats passés et de la sanctification des martyrs. Cela permet une diffusion du mode de pensée sécuritaire dans la société et favorise ainsi un redéploiement du régime sécuritaire dans les structures sociales. Le reversement des anciens combattants dans la vie civile semble en effet pouvoir participer à la diffusion d’un ethos sécuritaire. En outre, la diffusion du mode de pensée sécuritaire engendre un « armement moral » des Turcs vis-à-vis du conflit kurde.
O Problema da Braquistócrona: uma proposta para o ensino
Authors: Vieira Clóvis Güerim , Rosa Ramon Junio Gonçalves , Freitas Wellington Damaceno de 
Published: May 2016

<span>Nesste trabalho, será apresentado o problema da determinação da curva descrita por uma partícula que, acelerada unicamemte pela força gravitacional, se desloca de um ponto ao outro, no menor tempo possível. O problema será resolvido de duas maneiras distintas. A primeira utiliza o Cálculo das Variações e a segunda, o Princípio de Fermat. A solução para ambos os métodos é a curva ciclóide, como será demonstrado. Será apresentado, também, um<span><span><span><span> <span>experimento didático que permite a inclusão desse tema em aulas do ensino <span>médio de forma lúdica, propondo, ao final, um desafio que interliga este tipo de curva ao <span>cotidiano do aluno.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span>
Effects of time and rate of nitrogen application on phenology and some agronomical traits of maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sharifi Raouf Seyed , Namvar Ali 
Published: May 2016

Maintaining soil fertility and the use of plant nutrient in sufficient and balanced amounts is one of the key factors in increasing crop yield and decreasing adverse environmental effects and pollutions arising from nonpoint fertilizer usage. The effects of time and rate of nitrogen application on phenology and some agronomical traits of corn (Zea mays L.) were investigated at the research farm of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. The trial was laid out in a split plot design based on a randomized complete block scheme with three replications. Experimental factors were nitrogen fertilizer at four levels (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg ha–1) in the main plots and three levels of nitrogen application time [(1/3 at sowing + 1/3 at V8–10 + 1/3 at tasseling), (1/2 at sowing + 1/2 at tasseling), and (1/2 at sowing + 1/4 at V8–10 + 1/4 at tasseling) as T1, T2, and T3, respectively] as subplots. The results showed that the maximum values of grain yield and its components, days to 50% tasseling (63.85 days), days to 50% silking (68.2 days), days to physiological maturity (128.9 days) were observed in the plots treated with 225 kg N ha–1 as T1. The maximum nitrogen use efficiency (38.16 kg kg–1) was obtained at application of 75 kg N ha–1 as T1, and the minimum values of this index (19.41 kg kg–1) were obtained in the plots that received 225 kg N ha–1 as T2. Based on the results, it was concluded that application of the highest N fertilizer rate (225 kg ha–1) in three equal splits can be recommended for profitable corn production.
New evidence of dayside plasma transportation over the polar cap to the prevailing dawn sector in the polar upper atmosphere for solar‐maximum winter
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Gao , Zhang Bei‐Chen , Fang Han‐Xian , Kamide Y. , Li Chong‐Yin , Liu Jun‐Ming , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Liu Rui‐Yuan , Zhang Qing‐He , Hu Hong‐Qiao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is well known that owing to the transport of high‐density sunlit plasma from dayside to nightside primarily by convection, polar cap tongue of ionization (TOI), polar cap patches, and blobs are common features in the polar ionosphere. The steep density gradients at the edges of these structures lead to severe problems in applications involving radio waves traversing the ionosphere. To better understand the evolution of TOI/patches/blobs, it is essential to examine how the transported sunlit plasma is distributed. Through averaging the hourly total electron content in solar‐maximum winter, we present complete distribution of polar ionospheric plasma and find that the dayside plasma can be transported through cusp, over polar cap, and eventually to the prevailing dawnside, showing asymmetric distribution around magnetic midnight. The negative interplanetary magnetic field By or Bz component is favored for the plasma transportation from dayside to the prevailing dawn sector. This provides direct evidence for the plasma source of the dawnside high‐density plasma structure. The same corotating convection direction as convection at auroral dawnside is responsible for the prevailing dawn sector transportation. This finding is significant for forecasting TOI/patches/blobs in conducting space weather in the polar ionosphere.
Accurate source location from waves scattered by surface topography
Authors: Wang Nian , Shen Yang , Flinders Ashton , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAccurate source locations of earthquakes and other seismic events are fundamental in seismology. The location accuracy is limited by several factors, including velocity models, which are often poorly known. In contrast, surface topography, the largest velocity contrast in the Earth, is often precisely mapped at the seismic wavelength (>100 m). In this study, we explore the use of P coda waves generated by scattering at surface topography to obtain high‐resolution locations of near‐surface seismic events. The Pacific Northwest region is chosen as an example to provide realistic topography. A grid search algorithm is combined with the 3‐D strain Green's tensor database to improve search efficiency as well as the quality of hypocenter solutions. The strain Green's tensor is calculated using a 3‐D collocated‐grid finite difference method on curvilinear grids. Solutions in the search volume are obtained based on the least squares misfit between the “observed” and predicted P and P coda waves. The 95% confidence interval of the solution is provided as an a posteriori error estimation. For shallow events tested in the study, scattering is mainly due to topography in comparison with stochastic lateral velocity heterogeneity. The incorporation of P coda significantly improves solution accuracy and reduces solution uncertainty. The solution remains robust with wide ranges of random noises in data, unmodeled random velocity heterogeneities, and uncertainties in moment tensors. The method can be extended to locate pairs of sources in close proximity by differential waveforms using source‐receiver reciprocity, further reducing errors caused by unmodeled velocity structures.
Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions Involving Aryl Diazonium Salts
Authors: Oger Nicolas , Felpin François‐Xavier 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis Minireview gives a complete overview of the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction involving aryl diazonium salts catalyzed by heterogeneous palladium catalysts. For each process, the preparation and the properties of the heterogeneous catalysts as well as the catalytic system are critically discussed, providing their strengths and weaknesses.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of the Acidic Hypophosphate of Europium and the Reasons for Changes of the Bond Lengths in the Hypophosphate Anion (P2O6)4‐.
Authors: PAKHOMOV V. I. , PALKINA K. K. , MAKSIMOVA S. I. , CHIBISKOVA N. T. , MIRONOVA V. S. , TANANAEV I. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn X‐ray analysis of a monocrystal of EuHP2O6·4 H2O reveals that this compound belongs to the space group Pbnn (Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: The Formation of Soluble Pb(IV) and Pb(II) Species in the Reactions of the PbSO4/PbO2 Electrode
Authors: HAEMEENOJA E. + , LAITINEN T. , SUNDHOLM G. 
Published: May 2016

Abstractis confirmed by combining rotating gold ring‐lead disc electrode techniques and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: A Bipolar Model of the Passivity of Stainless Steel: The Role of Mo Addition.
Authors: CLAYTON C. R. , LU Y. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe addition of 2.5 wt.% Mo to Fe19 Cr9 Ni results in the formation of a passive film (0.1 M HCl, ‐180 mV vs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical and SERS Investigation of the Influence of pH on the Effectiveness of Some Corrosion Inhibitors of Copper.
Authors: MUSIANI M. M. , MENGOLI G. , FLEISCHMANN M. , LOWRY R. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe adsorption behavior of benzotriazole (BTA), 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI), and 2‐mercaptobenzoxazole (MBO) on Cu has been studied in KCl solution of pH 2 and pH 7. The undissociated inhibitors and their anions are adsorbed simultaneously, the concentration ratio depending on pH and electrode potential.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical Anisotropies of Alkylcyanobicyclohexyls and Related Compounds.
Authors: NAVARD P. , FLORY P. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMean‐square optical anisotropies of cyanocyclohexane, bicyclohexyl, and the trans‐4‐cyano‐trans‐4'‐n‐alkyl‐bicyclohexyls (I) have been determined from depolarized Rayleigh light‐scattering measurements conducted on dilute solutions in CCl4.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of the Bonding Preference of Borane (BH3) Toward Aminoarsines by Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy.
Authors: KANJOLIA R. K. , KRANNICH L. K. , WATKINS C. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reactions of BH3·THF with selected (dialkylamino)dimethylarsines (alkyl: ‐Me, ‐Et, ‐Pr, ‐iPr) have been carried out as a function of temp. to determine the initial coordination site of boron and to elucidate the nature of any As‐N, As‐B, and N‐B bond dissociation/formation processes in solution.
ChemInform Abstract: The Isolation of Avenacins A‐1, A‐2, B‐1, and B‐2, Chemical Defences Against Cereal “Take‐All” Disease. Structure of Their “Aglycones”, the Avenestergenins, and Their Anhydro Dimers.
Authors: BEGLEY M. J. , CROMBIE L. , CROMBIE W. M. L. , WHITING D. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAcid hydrolysis of the title triterpene glycosides avenacin A‐1, A‐2, B‐1 and, B‐2, which are isolated from oat roots, yields the corresponding avenestergenins (Ia)‐(Id).
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Methyl Substitution on the Crystal Structures of Complexes of Quinones with Hydroquinones. Crystal Structures of the 1:1 Complex of 2,3,5,6‐Tetramethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone with 2,3,5,6‐Tetramethylbenzohydroquinone and of the 1:2 Complex of 2,3,5,6‐Tetramethylbenzoquinone with Hydroquinone. Correlation of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra with Structure.
Authors: PENNINGTON W. T. , PATIL A. O. , CURTIN D. Y. , PAUL I. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe structure of the 1:1 complex of (I) and (II) is determined by X‐ray analysis (space group P21/c, Z=2).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Oxidative Ring‐Opening of Furans in a (Br)+‐Mediated Electrolysis.
Authors: TORII S. , TANAKA H. , TSUTSUI Y. , OHSHIMA T. , YAMASHITA S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractElectrochemical oxidation of the 2‐substituted furans (I) in methanol produces the E‐dimethoxy‐2‐butenoates (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantio‐ and Diastereo‐Isomerically Pure β‐ and γ‐Substituted Glutamic Acids via Glycine Condensation with Activated Olefins.
Authors: BELOKON' YU. N. , BULYCHEV A. G. , RYZHOV M. G. , VITT S. V. , BATSANOV A. S. , STRUCHKOV YU. T. , BAKHMUTOV V. I. , BELIKOV V. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe complex (I) is prepared from S‐proline, o‐aminobenzophenone, glycine and Ni(NO3)2 according to a known procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Heterocyclic Derivatives Derived from Ethyl 2‐Hydroxyquinoxaline‐3‐carboxylate.
Authors: FERNANDES P. S. , SONAR T. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe thiosemicarbazides (V), which are synthesized from ethyl 2‐chloroquinoxaline‐3‐carboxylate (I), undergo cyclodehydration to give the thiadiazoles (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Oxidative Aryl Migration in Organo‐Selenium and ‐Tellurium Compounds to the Synthesis of 2‐Arylpropanoic Acids.
Authors: UEMURA S. , FUKUZAWA S. , YAMAUCHI T. , HATTORI K. , MIZUTAKI S. , TAMAKI K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe ketones (I) are converted to the acetals (III), which undergo substitution on treatment with (IV)/Na to give the compounds (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent and Micellar Effects upon the Reaction of NADH Models with Methylene Blue.
Authors: ENGBERSEN J. F. J. , KOUDIJS A. , VAN DER PLAS H. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe oxidation of the NADH model compounds (I) and (II) by methylene blue to give the corresponding pyridinium or quinolinium compounds proceeds via a direct hydride transfer mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Regioselective Reduction of αβ‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Lithium Aluminium Hydride in the Presence of Lanthanoid Salts.
Authors: FUKUZAWA S. , FUJINAMI T. , YAMAUCHI S. , SAKAI S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhile LiAlH4 reduction of (Ia), (Ib) or (Ic) yields the saturated compound (III), the allylic alcohol (II) is formed as the major product on addition of CeCl3.
ChemInform Abstract: “Counter” Phase Transfer Catalysis by Water‐Soluble Phosphine Complexes. Catalytic Reduction of Allyl Chlorides and Acetates with Sodium Formate in Two‐Phase System.
Authors: OKANO T. , MORIYAMA Y. , KONISHI H. , KIJI J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReduction of cinnamyl chloride or acetate (II) with sodium formate (III) in the presence of the palladium complexes (I) produces a mixture of the phenylpropenes (IV) and the formate (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Mechanism of the Formation and Decomposition of N‐Nitrosoamides and Related Compounds.
Authors: CASTRO A. , IGLESIAS E. , LEIS J. R. , PENA M. E. , VAZQUEZ TATO J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGeneral base catalysis and prim. solvent isotope effects are measured for the nitrosation of (Ia)‐(Ic).
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Liquid Phase Transfer Catalytic Synthesis. Part 5. Michael Addition, Carbonyl Addition Reactions of the Aldimines.
Authors: SHENGDE W. , CHANGYOU Z. , YAOZHONG J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe aldimines (I), prepared from aromatic aldehydes and amino acid esters, are coupled with the αβ‐unsaturated carboxylates or nitriles (II) under phase transfer conditions to form the Michael type adducts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Organometallic Reagents with Unsymmetrically Substituted Vinamidinium and Chloropropeniminium Salts.
Authors: GUPTON J. T. , COURY J. , MOEBUS M. , FITZWATER S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe aryl vinamidinium salts (I) react with the organometallic compounds (II), producing the enones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrobromination of 1,2‐Dibromoethoxyethane Using Various Amine Bases.
Authors: STALICK W. M. , KHORRAMI A. , HATTON K. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVinyl ethyl ether (I) adds bromine to yield 1,2‐dibromoethoxyethane (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Rearrangement of Alkylaryl‐ and Aryl‐Substituted Dihydrosemibullvalenes by Thermolysis of 7,8‐Fused Cyclo‐octa‐1,3,5‐triene Derivatives.
Authors: GREENFIELD S. , MACKENZIE K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe thermal cycloaddition of the dienophile (II) with the cyclopentadienones (I) is systematically investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodimerizations of Alkyl Styryl Ketones and Their Silyl Enol Ethers by Use of Iron Carbonyls.
Authors: UEDA T. , OTSUJI Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIron carbonyl catalyzed dimerization of the styryl alkyl ketones (I) produces the 3‐acylcyclohexanones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Synthesis and Thermal Chemistry of Z‐2,2,5,5‐Tetramethyl‐ 3,4‐diphenylhex‐3‐ene, a Sterically Congested Stilbene.
Authors: LENOIR D. , GANO J. E. , MCTAGUE J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe coupling of phenyl tert‐butyl ketone (I) in the presence of TiCl4/ Zn yields E‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐3,4‐diphenylhex‐3‐ene (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)‐2‐(6‐Methoxy‐2‐naphthyl)propanoic Acid.
Authors: HIYAMA T. , SAITO K. , SATO K. , WAKASA N. , INOUE M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCyanation of the acetal (III), derived from the naphthyl ketone (II), subsequent alkaline hydrolysis of the nitrile (IV), and hydrogenation of the acid (Va) yield the acid (VIIa) mentioned in the title.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Consecutive Double Diels‐Alder Cycloadditions of 3‐Methylene‐5‐phenylsulfinyl‐1‐pentene as a Synthetic Equivalent of Parent Cross‐Conjugated Triene, 3‐Methylene‐1,4‐pentadiene.
Authors: WADA E. , NAGASAKI N. , KANEMASA S. , TSUGE O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe butadienyl sulfoxide (III), prepared from the sulfoxide (I) and the lithiobutadiene (II), reacts with the acetylene (IV) or the alkenes (VI), yielding the cycloadducts (V) or (VII) and (VIIIa) ‐ (VIIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of Lepidopterenes.
Authors: DEARDURFF L. A. , CAMAIONI D. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe oxidation of 9‐methylanthracene (I) with copper(II) peroxodisulfate, generated in situ from ammonium peroxodisulfate and copper(II) acetate, produces the dimer (IV) which undergoes intramolecular cycloaddition, forming lepidopterene (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Route to 2,4‐Bisiminothietanes.
Authors: BESTMANN H. J. , SIEGEL B. , SCHMID G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of the keteniminylidenephosphoranes (I) with the isothiocyanates (II) yields the cycloadducts (III) which are transformed into the arylidene‐2,4‐bis(imino)thietanes (V) by condensation with the aromatic aldehydes (IV).