bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Throughput Chiral LC–MS/MS Method Using Overlapping Injection Mode for the Determination of Pantoprazole Enantiomers in Human Plasma with Application to Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Li Shengni , Jiang Huafang , Wang Yiya , Liu Yinli , Shen Xiaohang , Liang Wenzhong , Hong Zhanying 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA sensitive and high‐throughput chiral liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of R‐pantoprazole and S‐pantoprazole in human plasma. Sample extraction was carried out by using ethyl acetate liquid–liquid extraction in 96‐well plate format. The separation of pantoprazole enantiomers was performed on a CHIRALCEL OJ‐RH column and an overlapping injection mode was used to achieve a run time of 5.0 min/sample. The mobile phase consisted of 1) 10 mM ammonium acetate in methanol: acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) and 2) 20 mM ammonium acetate in water. Isocratic elution was used with flow rate at 500 μL/min. The enantiomers were quantified on a triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer under multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with m/z 382.1/230.0 for pantoprazole and m/z 388.4/230.1 for pantoprazole‐d7. Linearity from 20.0 to 5000 ng/mL was established for each enantiomer (r2 > 0.99). Extraction recovery ranged from 91.7% to 96.4% for R‐pantoprazole and from 92.5% to 96.5% for S‐pantoprazole and the IS‐normalized matrix factor was 0.98 to 1.07 for R‐pantoprazole and S‐pantoprazole, respectively. The method was demonstrated with acceptable accuracy, precision, selectivity, and stability and the method was applied to support a pharmacokinetic study of a phase I clinical trial of racemic pantoprazole in healthy Chinese subjects. Chirality 28:569–575, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent Progress in 1D Air Electrode Nanomaterials for Enhancing the Performance of Nonaqueous Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Yoon Ki Ro , Jung Ji‐Won , Kim Il‐Doo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries are considered as the most promising candidates owing to their higher theoretical energy density than other energy storage devices. However, the unfavorable structure of the air cathode has become a major cause of low performance for Li–O2 batteries, limiting their use in practical applications. To deal with this issue, the rational construction of porous air electrodes, where crucial reactions take place, is in high demand. Among the various dimensional materials, 1D nanomaterials have been frequently applied for air electrodes in several different forms, owing to their fascinating morphologies and unique characteristics. We present a focus review on the recent research relating to 1D nanomaterials adopted as air electrodes in Li–O2 cells. This paper gives the current issues surrounding Li–O2 cells, which are analyzed in terms of the efforts to apply the advantages of 1D nanomaterial electrodes for enhancing the electrochemical performance of the given cells.
Stopping of Deuterium in Warm Dense Deuterium from Ehrenfest Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory
Authors: Magyar R. J. , Shulenburger L. , Baczewski A. D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn these proceedings, we show that time‐dependent density functional theory is capable of stopping calculations at the extreme conditions of temperature and pressure seen in warm dense matter. The accuracy of the stopping curves tends to be up to about 20% lower than empirical models that are in use. However, TDDFT calculations are free from fitting parameters and assumptions about the model form of the dielectric function. This work allows the simulation of ion stopping in many materials that are difficult to study experimentally. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectral diversity area relationships for assessing biodiversity in a wildland–agriculture matrix
Authors: Dahlin Kyla Marie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSpecies–area relationships have long been used to assess patterns of species diversity across scales. Here, this concept is extended to spectral diversity using hyperspectral data collected by NASA's Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) over western Michigan. This mixture of mesic forest and agricultural lands offers two end‐points on the local‐scale diversity continuum; one set of well‐mixed forest patches and one set of highly homogeneous agricultural patches. Using the sum of the first three principal component values and the principal components' convex hull volume, spectral diversity was compared within and among these plots and to null expectations for perfectly random and perfectly patchy landscapes. Overall, the spectral diversity–area relationship confirms the patterns that would be expected for this landscape, but this application suggests that this approach could be extended to less well‐understood landscapes and could reveal key insights about the relative importance of different drivers of community assembly, even in the absence of additional data about plant functional traits or species' identities.
Land use changes in an afrotropical biodiversity hotspot affect stream alpha and beta diversity
Authors: Fugère V. , Kasangaki A. , Chapman L. J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLand use changes such as deforestation and agricultural expansion strongly affect stream biodiversity, with several studies demonstrating negative impacts on stream alpha diversity. Effects of forest conversion on stream beta diversity are much harder to predict, both because empirical studies are few and because competing theories suggest opposite responses. Moreover, almost no data exist for tropical Africa, a region that is paradoxically a hotspot of both current deforestation and freshwater biodiversity. Here, we compared environmental variables, invertebrate community composition, and alpha and beta diversity of forested and deforested (agricultural) streams in and around Kibale National Park, Uganda. We found that forest conversion strongly influenced stream environmental variables and invertebrate community composition, and that agricultural land use reduced stream alpha diversity. However, among‐stream beta diversity was greater across the agricultural landscape than inside the forest. Decomposing beta diversity into taxa replacement and richness differences demonstrated that replacement contributed a similar proportion to total beta diversity in both land use classes. Because of this greater beta diversity, the agricultural landscape had similar gamma diversity as the forested landscape despite its lower alpha diversity. We discuss conservation implications of these land use‐associated biodiversity changes in a highly diverse yet little‐studied deforestation hotspot.
Forecasting the relative influence of environmental and anthropogenic stressors on polar bears
Authors: Atwood Todd C. , Marcot Bruce G. , Douglas David C. , Amstrup Steven C. , Rode Karyn D. , Durner George M. , Bromaghin Jeffrey F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEffective conservation planning requires understanding and ranking threats to wildlife populations. We developed a Bayesian network model to evaluate the relative influence of environmental and anthropogenic stressors, and their mitigation, on the persistence of polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Overall sea ice conditions, affected by rising global temperatures, were the most influential determinant of population outcomes. Accordingly, unabated rise in atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations was the dominant influence leading to worsened population outcomes, with polar bears in three of four ecoregions reaching a dominant probability of decreased or greatly decreased by the latter part of this century. Stabilization of atmospheric GHG concentrations by mid‐century delayed the greatly reduced state by ≈25 yr in two ecoregions. Prompt and aggressive mitigation of emissions reduced the probability of any regional population becoming greatly reduced by up to 25%. Marine prey availability, linked closely to sea ice trend, had slightly less influence on outcome state than sea ice availability itself. Reduced mortality from hunting and defense of life and property interactions resulted in modest declines in the probability of a decreased or greatly decreased population outcome. Minimizing other stressors such as trans‐Arctic shipping, oil and gas exploration, and contaminants had a negligible effect on polar bear outcomes, although the model was not well‐informed with respect to the potential influence of these stressors. Adverse consequences of loss of sea ice habitat became more pronounced as the summer ice‐free period lengthened beyond four months, which could occur in most of the Arctic basin after mid‐century if GHG emissions are not promptly reduced. Long‐term conservation of polar bears would be best supported by holding global mean temperature to ≤ 2°C above preindustrial levels. Until further sea ice loss is stopped, management of other stressors may serve to slow the transition of populations to progressively worsened outcomes, and improve the prospects for their long‐term persistence.
The Mechanical Behavior During (De)lithiation of Coated Silicon Nanoparticles as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Studied By In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Van Havenbergh Kristof , Turner Stuart , Marx Nicolas , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOne approach to cope with the continuous irreversible capacity loss in Si‐based electrodes, attributed to lithiation‐induced volume changes and the formation of a solid–electrolyte interface (SEI), is by coating silicon nanoparticles. A coating can improve the conductivity of the electrode, form a chemical shield against the electrolyte, or provide mechanical confinement to reduce the volume increase. The influence of such a coating on the mechanical behavior of silicon nanoparticles during Li insertion and Li extraction was investigated by in situ transmission electron microscopy. The type of coating was shown to influence the size of the unreacted core that remains after reaction of silicon with lithium. Furthermore, two mechanisms to relieve the stress generated during volume expansion are reported: the initiation of cracks and the formation of nanovoids. Both result in a full reaction of the silicon nanoparticles, whereas with the formation of cracks, additional surface area is created, on which an SEI can be formed.
Behavior of rigid blocks with geometrical defects under seismic motion: an experimental and numerical study
Authors: Mathey Charlie , Feau Cyril , Politopoulos Ioannis , Clair David , Baillet Laurent , Fogli Michel 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe present work investigates the influence of small geometrical defects on the behavior of slender rigid blocks. A comprehensive experimental campaign was carried out on one of the shake tables of CEA/Saclay in France. The tested model was a massive steel block with standard manufacturing quality. Release, free oscillations tests as well as shake table tests revealed a non‐negligible out‐of‐plane motion even in the case of apparently plane initial conditions or excitations. This motion exhibits a highly reproducible part for a short duration that was used to calibrate a numerical geometrically asymmetrical model. The stability of this model when subjected to 2000 artificial seismic horizontal bidirectional signals was compared with the stability of a symmetrical one. This study showed that the geometrical imperfections slightly increase the rocking and overturning probabilities for earthquake signals in a narrow range of peak ground acceleration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep Patterns Before and After Weight Restoration in Females with Anorexia Nervosa: A Longitudinal Controlled Study
Authors: El Ghoch Marwan , Calugi Simona , Bernabè Jasmine , Pellegrini Massimo , Milanese Chiara , Chignola Elisa , Dalle Grave Riccardo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess sleep patterns in female patients with anorexia nervosa before and after weight restoration.MethodsSleep patterns were measured objectively using a Sense Wear Armband before and after weight restoration in 50 female patients with anorexia nervosa, and in 25 healthy females.ResultsAt baseline, patients with anorexia nervosa exhibited lower total sleep time and sleep onset latency than controls, the former apparently associated with baseline BMI, duration of illness and age. However, after weight restoration, total sleep time and sleep onset latency were similar to controls, despite the persistence of longer periods of wake after sleep onset.DiscussionIn patients with anorexia nervosa, total sleep time and sleep onset latency appears to be reduced. This sleep disturbance seems to be influenced by the duration and severity of malnutrition, and appears to normalize with weight restoration. Even though a discontinuous sleep pattern seems to persist, this finding should be discussed with patients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Influence maximization by probing partial communities in dynamic online social networks
Authors: Han Meng , Yan Mingyuan , Cai Zhipeng , Li Yingshu , Cai Xingquan , Yu Jiguo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWith the rapid development of online social networks, exploring influence maximization for product publicity and advertisement marketing has attracted strong interests from both academia and industry. However, because of the continuous change of network topology, updating the variation of an entire network moment by moment is resource intensive and often insurmountable. On the other hand, the classical influence maximization models Independent Cascade and Linear Threshold together with their derived varieties are all computationally intensive. Thus, developing a solution for dynamic networks with lower cost and higher accuracy is in an urgent necessity. In this paper, a practical framework is proposed by only probing partial communities to explore the real changes of a network. Our framework minimizes the possible difference between the observed topology and the real network through several representative communities. Based on the framework, an algorithm that takes full advantage of our divide‐and‐conquer strategy, which reduces the computational overhead, is proposed. The systemically theoretical analysis shows that the proposed effective algorithm could achieve provable approximation guarantees. Empirical studies on synthetic and real large‐scale social networks demonstrate that our framework has better practicality compared with most existing works and provides a regulatory mechanism for enhancing influence maximization. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear mesh network planning for power transmission line management
Authors: Passos Diego , Rolim e Souza Felipe , Albuquerque Célio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPower transmission line management presents unique challenges, and a smart grid approach could effectively reduce costs and improve reliability. For years, wireless mesh networks have been studied because of their capability of providing good performance with low deployment cost even in environments with scarce communication infrastructure. Because of these characteristics, the employment of wireless mesh networks as a communication infrastructure for monitoring power transmission lines has gained popularity. While mesh networks allow organic growth, for this application, an a priori network planning is mandatory to ensure the required levels of performance and fault tolerance while maintaining deployment costs within a specified budget. This paper studies the problem of wireless mesh network planning in that environment, that is, how to deploy a minimum number of wireless mesh nodes along a power transmission line (or any linear system) so that coverage and connectivity constraints are met. We show that the linearity of power transmission lines and the large distances between towers result in networks with very particular characteristics and that previous proposals found in the literature cannot be readily adapted for these scenarios. We then propose both an integer programming model and a polynomial‐time heuristic for this particular version of the planning problem. Our evaluation shows that the proposed heuristic is able to closely match the optimal results obtained with the integer programming model while being more scalable and easily allowing the addition of more constraints that can be useful in practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partnership in/as/for Literacies
Authors: Zenkov Kristien , Bertrand Shamaine , Clark Ellen , Taylor Laurel , Newman Kerry , Sciarrino Suzanne , von Topel Kirsten , Angle Dorothy , Pellegrino Anthony 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOften coauthored by university‐ and school‐based educators, preservice teachers, and youths, this department column considers how literacies are best developed through context‐crossing partnerships among university, school, and community constituents.
SHBG, Sex Steroids, and Kyphosis in Older Men: The MrOS Study
Authors: Woods Gina N , Huang Mei-Hua , Cawthon Peggy M , Laughlin Gail A , Schousboe John T , McDaniels-Davidson Corinne , Cauley Jane A , Orwoll Eric , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Kado Deborah M ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Accentuated kyphosis is associated with adverse health outcomes, including falls and fractures. Low bone density is a risk factor for hyperkyphosis, and each vertebral fracture adds roughly 4° to forward spine curvature. Sex steroids, in particular low bioavailable estradiol and high sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), are associated with bone loss and high SHBG is associated with vertebral fractures in older men. We, therefore, hypothesized that low bioavailable estradiol and high SHBG would be associated with worse kyphosis. To test this hypothesis, we examined the cross-sectional associations between individual bioavailable sex hormones and SHBG with radiographically assessed kyphosis. Participants included 1500 men aged 65 and older from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study, in whom baseline measures of kyphosis and sex hormones were available. Modified Cobb angle of kyphosis, calculated from T4 through T12, was assessed from supine lateral spine radiographs. Serum total estradiol and total testosterone were measured by mass spectrometry, and bioavailable sex steroids were calculated from mass action equations. After adjustment for age and other confounding variables, no association was found between bioavailable estradiol or testosterone and Cobb angle, either when kyphosis was analyzed as a continuous variable or dichotomized into highest versus lower three quartiles. In linear regression models adjusted for age and clinic site, there was a significant association between SHBG and kyphosis (parameter estimate = 0.76 per SD increase, p = 0.01). In the fully adjusted model, this association was weakened and of only borderline statistical significance (parameter estimate = 0.61 per SD, p = 0.05). Logistic models demonstrated similar findings. Although associated with bone loss, we did not demonstrate that low bioavailable estradiol translates into worse kyphosis in older men. High SHBG is associated with bone loss and vertebral fractures. Our results suggest that high SHBG may also be a risk factor for hyperkyphosis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Performance evaluation of RegCM4 in simulating extreme rainfall and temperature indices over the CORDEX‐Southeast Asia region
Authors: Ngo‐Duc Thanh , Tangang Fredolin T. , Santisirisomboon Jerasorn , Cruz Faye , Trinh‐Tuan Long , Nguyen‐Xuan Thanh , Phan‐Van Tan , Juneng Liew , Narisma Gemma , Singhruck Patama , Gunawan Dodo , Aldrian Edvin 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, simulations over Southeast Asia (15°S–40°N, 80°–145°E) at 36 km resolution were conducted for the period 1989–2007 using the Regional Climate Model version 4.3 (RegCM4.3) under the framework of the Southeast Asia Regional Climate Downscaling/Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment – Southeast Asia (or SEACLID/CORDEX‐SEA) project. Forced by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Reanalysis (ERA‐Interim), 18 experiments were carried out using different combinations of cumulus parameterization and ocean flux schemes. Twelve extreme indices for both rainfall and temperature were estimated from the model output. A statistical omega index was used to measure the degree of similarity among the 18 experiments in phase and shape. The results showed relatively high similarities among the experiments over mainland Asia compared to those over the Maritime Continent for both seasonal and inter‐annual variability. The extreme rainfall indices had a lower omega compared to that of temperature. Observed daily rainfall and temperature data at 52 meteorological stations over the SEA region were used to validate the simulated extreme indices. The results showed that extreme temperature indices were generally underestimated across the region. Systematic biases for each simulated rainfall index were also identified. A score ranking system was established to compare the relative performance of the 18 experiments over the 52 selected stations objectively. It was shown that the experiments with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)‐Emanuel scheme performed relatively better than the other convective schemes. The combination of the MIT‐Emanuel convective scheme with the Biosphere–Atmosphere Transfer scheme (BATS1e) ocean flux scheme produced the best performance.
Australian east coast mid‐latitude cyclones in the 20th Century Reanalysis ensemble
Authors: Pepler Acacia S. , Fong Josephine , Alexander Lisa V. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTExtratropical and subtropical cyclones, and their associated fronts, produce the majority of rainfall and extreme weather in the mid‐latitudes around the world. In the Southern Hemisphere in particular, where observations are sparse, we have limited knowledge of their long‐term variability and trends. While the long time period of the 20th Century Reanalysis (20CR) offers potential to assess longer‐term changes, the lack of observational data sets makes it difficult to assess its reliability.We assess the skill of the 20CR at representing mid‐latitude cyclones through a case study on the east coast of Australia. In this region, a comprehensive database has recently been developed of all severe floods between 1871 and 2012, of which >70% are associated with a coastal low‐pressure system. Through use of the full 20CR 56‐member ensemble, we are able to identify the majority of severe Australian east coast lows as early as the late 19th century, as well as recreate the cyclone tracks for some of the most severe events. The analysis shows that the full ensemble can be used for a long‐term assessment of interannual variability in cyclone frequency from at least 1911, despite large inhomogeneities in the ensemble mean pressure fields.