bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of carbon content and heat treatment on wear-resistance and impact properties of novel cast steels with bainitic and martensitic structure
Authors: Tian Xuefeng , Zhang Guozhi , Wang Kun , Yang Xiaobo , Feng Lulu , Yang Weiguang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The traditional material for caterpillar boards is mainly Hadfield steel. The wear resistance of the Hadfield steel cannot be fully exerted due to insufficient work hardening during the operation of the caterpillar board. The effects of carbon content and heat treatment on the wear-resistant and impact properties of a novel caterpillar board cast steels with bainitic and martensitic structures have been investigated. The microstructural observation of worn surface topography was performed by scanning an electronic microscope, and the impact toughness was carried out by an impact tester, in a bid to improve the wear-resistant properties and its impact toughness. The results demonstrate that the hardness and wear-resistant properties of cast steels increase with the increase of carbon content, whereas the impact properties reduce because the brittle phases, such as the carbide precipitation and the martensite, are more. The heat treatment temperature of steels can change the relative ratio of bainitic and martensitic structures, thus affecting the wear-resistant properties of the steels. By controlling the carbon content and heat treatment processing of the steels, the optimal combination of toughness and wear-resistant properties can be achieved. The wear mechanism of dual-phase cast steel was analyzed through wear resistance tests, and it also shows that dual-phase cast steel with bainitic and martensitic structures had better wear-resistance properties compared to the Hadfield steel at low-impact wear conditions.
Study on the influence of geometric parameters of typical titanium alloy power milling tools
Authors: Shi Zhonglou , Yang Xiangjie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Based on ABAQUS, orthogonal finite element tests were carried out when the number of keyway milling cutter blades was three and four, and the spiral rise angle was 60° and 65°, respectively. The results showed that with the maximum number of blades and spiral rise angle, the milling quality of typical titanium alloy TC4 was greatly improved. The surface roughness decreases, and the effect of spiral lift angle on surface roughness is more significant, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the quality and energy of typical titanium alloy milling tool selection.
Research on the performance optimization of the cam linkage mechanism for marine diesel engines
Authors: Wang Keke , Meng Na , Yang Sen , Chen Longfa , Sun Wenzheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the impact of friction and wear in the flat bottom mechanism of a diesel engine on the reliability and durability of the valve train is investigated. A method for establishing a dynamic contact model is proposed, including the establishment of the cam profile equation, force analysis at the contact point, calculation of the curvature radius, and derivation of contact stress. Through the derivation of wear depth and structural optimization analysis, the proposed method can be used to optimize the cam profile and improve the service life and work efficiency of the valve train. The results show that the optimized cam follower’s life is increased by 31.8%, and the contact stress is decreased by 16.5%. This study is of great significance for improving the power and efficiency of diesel engines.
Modelling of a thin-film transistor based on the carbon nanotubes network and ESD circuit simulation by SPICE
Authors: Liao Xianghua , Zeng Weihao , Huang Hao , Wang Qinqin , Zhou Zijie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are considered one of the most promising candidate materials for Si. However, there has been limited research on modeling devices based on carbon nanotubes and performing discharge (ESD) protection simulations for circuits composed of carbon nanotube-based devices. Within this article, the current characteristics of network carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNT-TFT) with micrometer size are studied, and the devices with channel length L
g = 11 μm and width of W = 108 μm are modelled. It is found that the simulation curves of the model are in good agreement with the experimental results. In this article, the ESD behavior modeling method is introduced. By utilizing this method, a bidirectional diode device model was programmed and integrated into an inverter built with CNT-TFT models. When an ESD positive pulse is applied between the input and ground terminals (PS mode), it is found that the simulation results of the circuit have passed the 500 V human body model (HBM) ESD pulse test in the PS mode, thereby achieving ESD protection simulation for carbon-based integrated circuits.
Optimization of the two-step coating formation process for ZK21 magnesium alloy
Authors: Wang Ruochao , Liu Qing , Liu Hongtao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The primary hindrance to the broader utilization of magnesium alloys lies in their insufficient corrosion resistance. This research initiative introduced an advanced two-phase methodology incorporating phosphating and alkali heating to produce a protective Ca-P coating on the surface of magnesium alloys. This innovative approach not only bolsters their corrosion resistance but also facilitates controlled degradation in bodily fluid environments. Following a 60-minute phosphating process in a solution with a pH level of 3, the resultant Ca-P coating achieved full coverage over the magnesium alloy surface, displaying commendable coating density and uniformity. Subsequent treatment with alkali heating for 30 minutes further enhanced the density and smoothness of the coating. Analysis utilizing EDS and XRD revealed that the primary constituents of the phosphate magnesium alloy and the phosphate + alkali heated magnesium alloy coating were DCPD and HA, respectively. Corrosion degradation assessments conducted in SBF solution validated that the two-step coating formation method significantly fortified the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys.
Comparative study on TD treatment for preparation of VC coating composite processes
Authors: Deng Yutong , Liu Yongyue , Jin Haoxing , Jiang Peng , Chen Hao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A VC coating was prepared on the surface of mold steel Cr12MoV using the TD composite treatment process. The differences in microstructure and properties between the two composite treatment processes and the VC coating obtained from the ordinary TD vanadium infiltration process were compared using a microhardness tester, scratch tester, X-ray diffraction, etc. The results show that both composite processes can improve the unevenness of matrix carbides; The hardness of the VC coating obtained by the two composite processes is slightly higher than that of the ordinary TD; The TD+vacuum quenching process has to some extent improved the adhesion between the coating and the substrate; The valence state of the VC coating obtained by the secondary TD process has undergone significant changes.
Statistical regression analysis of bond splitting tensile properties of old and new concrete
Authors: Hou Da , Yuan Dongnan , Wang Keqin , Liu Duo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the gradual increase of assembled and reinforced structures in modern construction, the bonding problem of new and old concrete has become a hotspot of increasing concern for scholars and engineers. Bond tensile properties are the main aspects of bond mechanical properties, and their main influencing factors are interface roughness, old and new concrete strength, roughness treatment, and normal stress. This paper analyses the influence of each factor on bond tensile property by collating a large amount of experimental data from established scholars. The analysis results show that the bond tensile property increases linearly with the increase of roughness and nonlinearly with the rise of new and old concrete strength. Based on summarising the influence law of a single factor, the calculation equation of bond tensile property was proposed. The calculated equations derived from the statistical regression were compared with the formulas of different scholars to analyze the closeness of the experimental and calculated values; the results show that the formula proposed in this paper is more accurate and stable.
Parameter characterization of the PBM-DEM method in numerical simulation of shallow buried mine explosions
Authors: Liu Pengpeng , Ye Hui , Deng Gangfeng , Chen Juan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To investigate the impact of various parameters on the numerical simulation of shallow buried mine explosions through the particle explosion method and discrete element method, this paper adopts a coupled method of particle blast method and discrete element method, namely the PBM-DEM method, to simulate the response of AL-6XN stainless steel plate under shallow buried mine explosions. This article first combines the experimental results of Børvik to validate the precision of the PBM-DEM approach. Then, the influence of particle quantity, interaction parameters between sand particles, and interaction parameters between sand particles and plate on the outcomes of the numerical simulations are analyzed. The analysis reveals that as the quantity of explosive particles rises, the central displacement and maximum kinetic energy of the plate escalate. In contrast, these values decrease as the number of sand particles increases. The interaction parameters between sand particles have almost no effect on the numerical simulation results. The damping and stiffness parameters between the sand particles and the plate have a pronounced effect on the numerical simulation results, and the center displacement and peak kinetic energy of the plate rise as the damping and stiffness parameters between the sand particles and the plate increase.
Wearable photonic crystal double network hydrogel sensor based on structural color analysis
Authors: Liu Zhenye , Zhang Wenxin , Qiao Yu , Qiu Lili , Meng Zihui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a high-toughness photonic crystal (PhCs) dual-network hydrogel sensor designed for mechanical sensing, which enables quantitative analysis of structural color using the HSB color space. The hydrogel achieves a maximum tensile strain of 250% under a tensile stress of 3.5 MPa, thanks to its dual-network structure comprising a covalently cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and an ionically cross-linked sodium alginate (SA) network. At an 80% tensile strain, the PAM-SA photonic crystal hydrogel displays a blue shift in the bandgap wavelength of over 130 nm and demonstrates a sensitivity of 1.69 nm/%. The analysis of the force-induced color change in the PAM-SA photonic crystal hydrogel utilized both RGB and HSB color spaces. In the HSB color space, the hue component (H) exhibited a strong linear correlation with strain (R2>0.95), indicating the feasibility of quantitative structural color analysis using HSB. As a wearable sensor, the PAM-SA photonic crystal hydrogel precisely detects human motion via bandgap displacement (R2=0.989) and structural color change (R2=0.978). The PAM-SA PhCs hydrogel, featuring easily accessible color information and high sensitivity, has broad potential applications in wearable devices and mechanical sensors.
Electric Boats for Fisherman as a Substitute for Fuel Oil on The Belitung Island (Indonesia)
Authors: Farisyi Sofwan , Ma’arif Samsul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fishing constitutes a prominent livelihood for many Indonesian coastal residents. Indonesia boasts the world’s longest coastline, which suggests that fishermen should enjoy a high standard of living and a wholesome lifestyle. Nevertheless, a significant portion of traditional Indonesian fishermen fails to experience these benefits, as they persist in outdated fishing practices inherited from their forebears, remaining untouched by the technological advancements that can enhance their economic well-being. This results in elevated operational and maintenance costs during fishing operations. This issue primarily arises from inefficient energy utilization, including fuel, and restricted fuel availability. The objective of this research is to identify solutions to these challenges, particularly by leveraging more efficient technologies to reduce costs and protect fishermen from the health hazards of pollution during their fishing activities. To achieve this research goal, various stages were undertaken, encompassing on-site observations, the design of an electric boat (e-boat) system based on conventional vessels, simulations, and laboratory-scale testing. The testing results indicate that the electric boat, equipped with a 6-kW motor and an 8.64 kWh battery capacity, can be effectively applied in the retrofit process. The initial phase of retrofitting ten electric boats incurs a total cost of $88,620, with each boat’s retrofit expected to yield a return on investment over a span of 20 years. Therefore, this retrofit process necessitates government intervention to provide a 50% subsidy for the electric boat retrofit, subsequently reducing the duration of credit installment payments for fishermen.
Techno-economic comparisons of organic Rankine cycle and supercritical carbon dioxide cycle to utilize brine waste heat in Ulubelu geothermal power plant, Indonesia
Authors: Adven Brilian Vincentius , Khasani  , Pranoto Indro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ulubelu geothermal power plant (GPP) in Indonesia reinjects 2,577 t/h of brine in one of its injection well pads with a temperature of 166°C and a pressure of 7.38 bar. Therefore, the brine still contains considerable waste heat that can be utilized through waste heat recovery (WHR) techniques. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) Brayton cycle (SCBC) are technologies that can be used to convert waste heat into electricity. ORC is already widely used for WHR applications. Meanwhile, SCBC is an emerging technology with the advantage of using CO2 as the working fluid in a closed-loop system. While CO2 is inert and non-flammable, supercritical CO2 has very high specific heat and density, so compact-sized equipment can be used. This study aims to compare the simple ORC, recuperative ORC, simple SCBC, and recuperative SCBC power cycle configurations for brine WHR at the Ulubelu GPP based on the technical and economic aspects. The results show that recuperative ORC produced the highest net output power and thermal efficiency (27,363 kW and 15.96%, respectively). Meanwhile, recuperative SCBC has the best economic performance with the lowest CAPEX (1,404 USD/kW-net), the highest NPV (414.7 million USD) and IRR (29%), and the shortest payback period (4.83 years).
Hydrogen blending with natural gas for combustion efficiency improvement toward decarbonisation of power plants
Authors: Afiq Zubir Muhammad , Hashim Haslenda , Alafiza Yunus Nor , Muhammad Dinie , Yinn Wong Kenn , Kayab Hesam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The 12th Malaysia Plan highlighted Malaysia’s commitment to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by 45% based on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2030 and reach net zero by 2050. To achieve this target, Malaysia has to decarbonise the energy sector as it is the primary emission source, contributing up to 75% of GHG emissions in Malaysia. Hydrogen fuel is getting much attention globally, and it has been said that it can be a new renewable energy source to replace fossil fuels. Hydrogen combustion is clean and only produces water and energy. However, several studies have identified that hydrogen combustion could produce NOx, which is more harmful to the environment than CO2. Studies on hydrogen application in the energy sector in Malaysia are limited, and the implementation of total hydrogen fuel in power plants may not happen shortly. Hence, a fundamental study was proposed on co-firing hydrogen and natural gas fuel. This study aimed to examine co-firing characteristics such as temperature, pressure, and air-to-fuel ratio on GHG emission and energy release to find the optimum natural gas-to-hydrogen ratio. The model was developed using Aspen Plus, and hydrogen-natural gas blend percentages varied from 0% to 30%. The findings showed that increased operating temperature led to higher NOx formation, while varying pressures did not impact the CO2 and NOx formation. The pure natural gas combustion system was more sensitive towards air-to-fuel ratio changes, and an increase in air-to-fuel ratio to 1.5 led to 160% higher NOx formation due to an increase in nitrogen content. The combustion of the hydrogen blend led to lower CO2 formation but higher NOx formation. Lastly, the energy released by the hydrogen blending system was lower due to the formation of water that absorbed the heat released by the combustion.
Potential Utilization of Tamblang Dam for Micro Hydro Power Plant to Increase Renewable Energy Mix for Indonesia
Authors: Putri P I D , Nuraga I K , Ariana I K A , Sugarayasa I W , Paramartha I G N D , Suryanti I , Abiyasa A P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Bali, a prominent tourist destination in Indonesia, faces an increasing demand for electricity, primarily supplied by non-renewable sources. With a target to increase renewable energy mix, Bali focuses on leveraging its water resources, notably Tamblang Dam, for hydroelectric power generation. This research aims to determine the potential utilization of Tamblang Dam as a micro hydro power plant, highlighting its capacity to significantly contribute to renewable energy mix in Indonesia generally and Bali particularly. Analysis reveals a potential electricity generation of 0.52 MW, with an annual hydro power production estimate of 4.57 GWh. Considering discharge availability, height of falling water and efficiency of hydro power system. The research also underscores the project’s economic viability and profitability, emphasizing its role in fostering sustainable energy practices in the region.
Pioneering Energy Digitalisation: Revolutionizing Accessibility Initiated by Pertamina Plaju Refinery
Authors: Krisna Prabatha Daniswara , Handoyo Seger , Suryanto  , Gusti Al Hakim Maulana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The oldest and less technologically advanced among Pertamina’s refineries, Pertamina Plaju Refinery, faced challenges in maintaining efficiency and competitiveness. However, the introduction of the PROFIT (Plant Performance Operations and Financial Tracking) mobile application transformed the refinery’s operations. With a focus on energy security and real-time data, PROFIT empowered engineers to make informed decisions, enhancing overall performance and productivity. The study employed a descriptive qualitative research design with a case study strategy. Data was collected through interviews and supplemented with secondary sources from the Pertamina library, ensuring data validity. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the development of PROFIT, emphasizing the urgency of digitalization in the oil and gas industry. Additionally, the transition to a younger workforce influenced its creation. PROFIT’s advantages in enhancing employee performance were evident, streamlining processes and increasing job satisfaction. The study highlighted its role as a strategic information system. The transformation of Pertamina Plaju Refinery serves as a pioneer for integrated information systems in the industry, promoting progress and sustainability. Embracing digital solutions can drive advancements and improvements in the Indonesian oil and gas sector, optimizing operations and contributing to a more sustainable energy landscape.
Unveiling the influence of financial slack on carbon performance: insights from firms in Malaysia’s smart cities
Authors: Abd Rahman N R , Mustapa S I , Jaaffar A H , Othman N. S , Mohamad M , Atif M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As carbon emissions in lower-income countries are projected to rise and surpass those of higher-income countries, they face mounting political pressure to fulfil their commitments under international agreements. As a key participant in carbon emissions abatement, firms can have a strong effect on carbon emissions reduction. However, the successful implementation of carbon emission reductions may hinge on the financial slack of firms. This study investigates the impact of financial slack on the carbon performance of Malaysian smart city firms. The sample includes 64 firms located in four smart cities within the ASEAN Smart City Network (ASCN). The analysis is based on data compiled in 2021, with carbon performance data obtained from the annual reports of firms and financial data obtained from the DataStream Refinitiv Eikon platform. Using regression analysis, the results indicate that financial slack has no significant effect on the carbon performance of Malaysian smart city firms. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on financial slack and carbon performance in smart cities. The findings could be beneficial for practitioners and policymakers concerned with improving financial flexibility and reducing carbon emissions.
The Asymmetry of ASEAN Law: Unsustainable Development Phenomenon of Transformative State Enterprise in Case of Cross-border Power Plant Projects
Authors: Luekitinan Pimnada 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article aims to study regional law related to manipulating cross-border environmental impact from the phenomenon of cross-border power plants invested by Thai state enterprises. The writer uses qualitative research methods by using 3 concreted case studies of cross-border power plants located on the neighboring countries’ border with Thailand. The company becomes a way for the state to transform its identity from a “state enterprise” to a “private company” for investing in other countries. As a private company, the role of these transformative state enterprises in business has increased significantly; investor, buyer, and seller while maintaining the role of the state in basic public utilities. Any action of these transformative state enterprises has no abuse of sovereignty and no responsibility at the regional level, although, many researchers have shown that the power plant is a cause of gigantic environmental impact. This article shows how state enterprise becomes transformative state enterprise and the asymmetry of ASEAN law between transnational economics and cross-border environmental impact.
Optimizing column location in flat slab system using Particle Swarm Optimization vs Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Zakhera A , Salem S , Torky A A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
One of the key architectural advantages of a concrete flat slab system is its flexibility in design. The absence of beams and columns allows for larger, open spaces with minimal obstructions, giving architects the freedom to create unique and innovative layouts. However, the location of the middle columns (one of the main factors affecting the construction cost) is commonly aligned based on experience which may entail an uneconomic design alternative. This paper aims to propose different machine learning optimization algorithms, namely, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithms (GA) to optimize the location of columns within a flat slab plan considering different serviceability requirements. Both optimization systems showed good performance for allocating the concrete columns, However, the GA algorithm showed better results in terms of maximum deflection with less computational effort.