bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REBELS-25: discovery of a dynamically cold disc galaxy at z = 7.31
Authors: Rowland Lucie E , Hodge Jacqueline , Bouwens Rychard , Piña Pavel E Mancera , Hygate Alexander , Algera Hiddo , Aravena Manuel , Bowler Rebecca , da Cunha Elisabete , Dayal Pratika , Ferrara Andrea , Herard-Demanche Thomas , Inami Hanae , van Leeuwen Ivana , de Looze Ilse , Oesch Pascal , Pallottini Andrea , Phillips Siân , Rybak Matus , Schouws Sander , Smit Renske , Sommovigo Laura , Stefanon Mauro , van der Werf Paul 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We present high-resolution ($\sim 0.14$ arcsec = 710 pc) Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array [C ii] 158 $\mu$m and dust continuum follow-up observations of REBELS-25, a [C ii]-luminous ($L_{\mathrm{[CII]}}=(1.7\pm 0.2)\times 10^9\, \mathrm{L_{\odot }}$) galaxy at redshift $z=7.3065\pm 0.0001$. These high-resolution, high signal-to-noise observations allow us to study the sub-kpc morphology and kinematics of this massive ($M_* = 8^{+4}_{-2} \times 10^9 \mathrm{{\rm M}_{\odot }}$) star-forming (SFR$_{\mathrm{UV+IR}} = 199^{+101}_{-63} \mathrm{{\rm M}_{\odot }} \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$) galaxy in the Epoch of Reionization. By modelling the kinematics with $^{\mathrm{3D}}$BAROLO, we find it has a low-velocity dispersion ($\bar{\sigma } = 33^{+9}_{-7}$ km s$^{-1}$) and a high ratio of ordered-to-random motion ($V_{\mathrm{rot, ~max}}/\bar{\sigma } = 11 ^{+6}_{-5}$), indicating that REBELS-25 is a dynamically cold disc. Additionally, we find that the [C ii] distribution is well fit by a near-exponential disc model, with a Sérsic index, n, of $1.3 \pm 0.2$, and we see tentative evidence of more complex non-axisymmetric structures suggestive of a bar in the [C ii] and dust continuum emission. By comparing to other high spatial resolution cold gas kinematic studies, we find that dynamically cold discs seem to be more common in the high-redshift Universe than expected based on prevailing galaxy formation theories, which typically predict more turbulent and dispersion-dominated galaxies in the early Universe as an outcome of merger activity, gas accretion, and more intense feedback. This higher degree of rotational support seems instead to be consistent with recent cosmological simulations that have highlighted the contrast between cold and warm ionized gas tracers, particularly for massive galaxies. We therefore show that dynamically settled disc galaxies can form as early as 700 Myr after the big bang
An added value of azithromycin: mitigation of doxorubicin-associated oxidative damage and genotoxicity in normal human bronchial epithelium cells
Authors: Shokrzadeh Shaghayegh , Moghim Shahrzad , Shokrzadeh Mohammad , Aghajanshakeri Shaghayegh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Doxorubicin, a well-known and widely used antineoplastic agent with direct ROS-accumulating activity, has proven effective in treating various cancer types. However, its non-specific cytotoxicity towards non-cancerous cells prompts concerns regarding potential adverse effects. Azithromycin is an antibiotic for treating bacterial infections and an anti-inflammatory agent, particularly beneficial in managing respiratory conditions like bronchitis and sinusitis. Despite azithromycin’s well-documented antibacterial properties, its potential cellular/genomic protective effects remain unexplored. As an in vitro model, BEAS-2B cells (normal human bronchial epithelium cells) were employed in this study to assess whether azithromycin possesses any protective properties against doxorubicin-induced cellular toxicity. Cells in pretreatment culture were treated to various amounts of azithromycin (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 μg/ml) in combination with doxorubicin at IC50 (0.08 μg/ml). Doxorubicin at 0.08 μg/ml highlighted cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity. Azithromycin at 25 and 50 μg/ml markedly modulated oxidative stress and genomic damage by decreasing the ROS and LPO amounts and suppressing DNA fragmentation in the comet assay parameters. Consequently, azithromycin may be regarded as a cytomodulating, antigenotoxic, and antioxidant agent.
SubCELL: the landscape of subcellular compartment-specific molecular interactions
Authors: Zhang Yintao , Jiang Wanghao , Li Teng , Xu Hangwei , Zhu Yimiao , Fang Kerui , Ren Xinyu , Wang Shanshan , Chen Yuzong , Zhou Ying , Zhu Feng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The subcellular compartment-specific molecular interactions (SCSIs) are the building blocks for most molecular functions, biological processes and disease pathogeneses. Extensive experiments have therefore been conducted to accumulate the valuable information of SCSIs, but none of the available databases has been constructed to describe those data. In this study, a novel knowledge base SubCELL is thus introduced to depict the landscape of SCSIs among DNAs/RNAs/proteins. This database is UNIQUE in (a) providing, for the first time, the experimentally-identified SCSIs, (b) systematically illustrating a large number of SCSIs inferred based on well-established method and (c) collecting experimentally-determined subcellular locations for the DNAs/RNAs/proteins of diverse species. Given the essential physiological/pathological role of SCSIs, the SubCELL is highly expected to have great implications for modern molecular biological study, which can be freely accessed with no login requirement at: https://idrblab.org/subcell/.
Posttraumatic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Osteomyelitis in Mosul and Gaza: A Retrospective Cohort Study, 2018–2022
Authors: Taher Ali Qasim Mohammad , Aqel Rasha , Alnajjar Mohammed , Walker Caroline , Repetto Ernestina , Raad Marwah , Gomez Fabiola Gordillo , Nyaruhirira Innocent , Michel Justine , Herard Patrick , Kanapathipillai Rupa , Moussally Krystel , Khalife Mohamad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The history of conflicts in the Middle East has resulted in a high burden of complications from conflict-related wounds like posttraumatic osteomyelitis (PTO). This is particularly challenging to manage in settings like Mosul, Iraq and Gaza, Palestine, where healthcare systems are weakened. In nonconflict settings, PTO caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAPTO) can lead to &gt;20% of treatment failures. We aim to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and management, in PAPTO patients admitted to Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) facilities in Mosul and Gaza between 1 April 2018 and 31 January 2022.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients with PAPTO diagnosed with culture of intraoperative bone biopsy, using routinely collected data.

Results
Among 66 PAPTO episodes from 61 enrolled patients, 37.9% had a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with higher antibiotic resistance in Gaza. Polymicrobial infections were prevalent (74.2%), mainly involving Staphylococcus aureus (74.1%), being predominantly methicillin-resistant (95.0%). Overall, 81.7% received appropriate antibiotic treatment, with monotherapy used in 60.6% of episodes and a median treatment duration of 45.5 days. Recurrence was observed in 24.6% of episodes within a median of 195 days (interquartile range, 64–440 days). No significant differences were found in recurrence rates based on the type of antibiotic treatment (mono- or dual therapy) or episode (mono- or polymicrobial).

Conclusions
Management of PAPTO in the conflict-affected, low-resource settings of Mosul and Gaza achieved a recurrence rate aligned with global reports through appropriate and targeted antibiotic use, primarily in monotherapy, provided over a mean treatment duration of 45.5 days.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Household Transmission During the Omicron Era in Massachusetts: A Prospective, Case-Ascertained Study Using Genomic Epidemiology
Authors: Banga Jaspreet , Brock-Fisher Taylor , Petros Brittany A , Dai Eric Y , Leonelli Ariana T , Dobbins Sabrina T , Messer Katelyn S , Nathanson Audrey B , Capone Amelia , Littlehale Nancy , Appiah-Danquah Viola , Dim Siang , Moreno Gage K , Crowther Maura , DeRuff Katherine C , MacInnis Bronwyn L , Springer Michael , Sabeti Pardis C , Stephenson Kathryn E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Households are a major setting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, but there remains a lack of knowledge regarding the dynamics of viral transmission, particularly in the setting of preexisting SARS-CoV-2 immunity and evolving variants.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, case-ascertained household transmission study in the greater Boston area in March–July 2022. Anterior nasal swabs, along with clinical and demographic data, were collected for 14 days. Nasal swabs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Whole genome sequencing was performed on high-titer samples.

Results
We enrolled 33 households in a primary analysis set, with a median participant age of 25 years (range, 2–66 years), 98% of whom had received at least 2 doses of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Fifty-eight percent of households had a secondary case during follow-up and the secondary attack rate (SAR) for contacts was 39%. We further examined a strict analysis set of 21 households that had only 1 PCR-positive case at baseline, finding an SAR of 22.5%. Genomic epidemiology further determined that there were multiple sources of infection for household contacts, including the index case and outside introductions. When limiting estimates to only highly probable transmissions given epidemiologic and genomic data, the SAR was 18.4%.

Conclusions
Household contacts of a person newly diagnosed with COVID-19 are at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the following 2 weeks. This is, however, not only due to infection from the household index case, but also because the presence of an infected household member implies increased SARS-CoV-2 community transmission.
Maize stigmas react differently to self- and cross-pollination and fungal invasion
Authors: Begcy Kevin , Mondragón-Palomino Mariana , Zhou Liang-Zi , Seitz Patricia-Lena , Márton Mihaela-Luiza , Dresselhaus Thomas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
During sexual reproduction in flowering plants, tip-growing pollen tubes travel from the stigma inside the maternal tissues of the pistil toward ovules. In maize (Zea mays L.), the stigma is highly elongated, forming thread-like strands known as silks. Only compatible pollen tubes successfully penetrate and grow through the transmitting tract of the silk to reach the ovules. Like pollen, fungal spores germinate at the surface of silks and generate tube-like structures (hyphae) penetrating silk tissue. To elucidate commonalities and differences between silk responses to these distinctive invading cells, we compared growth behavior of the various invaders as well as the silk transcriptome after self-pollination, cross-pollination, and infection using 2 different fungi. We report that self-pollination triggers mainly senescence genes, whereas incompatible pollen from Tripsacum dactyloides leads to downregulation of rehydration, microtubule, and cell wall–related genes, explaining the slower pollen tube growth and arrest. Invasion by the ascomycete Fusarium graminearum triggers numerous defense responses including the activation of monolignol biosynthesis and NAC as well as WRKY transcription factor genes, whereas responses to the basidiomycete Ustilago maydis are generally much weaker. We present evidence that incompatible pollination and fungal infection trigger transcriptional reprograming of maize silks cell wall. Pathogen invasion also activates the phytoalexin biosynthesis pathway.
Quantifying the uniqueness and divisiveness of presidential discourse
Authors: Zhou Karen , Meitus Alexander A , Chase Milo , Wang Grace , Mykland Anne , Howell William , Tan Chenhao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Do American presidents speak discernibly different from each other? If so, in what ways? And are these differences confined to any single medium of communication? To investigate these questions, this paper introduces a novel metric of uniqueness based on large language models, develops a new lexicon for divisive speech, and presents a framework for assessing the distinctive ways in which presidents speak about their political opponents. Applying these tools to a variety of corpora of presidential speeches, we find considerable evidence that Donald Trump’s speech patterns diverge from those of all major party nominees for the presidency in recent history. Trump is significantly more distinctive than his fellow Republicans, whose uniqueness values appear closer to those of the Democrats. Contributing to these differences is Trump’s employment of divisive and antagonistic language, particularly when targeting his political opponents. These differences hold across a variety of measurement strategies, arise on both the campaign trail and in official presidential addresses, and do not appear to be an artifact of secular changes in presidential communications.
The role and mechanism of CRISPLD2 in skin fibrosis of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Ding Liqing , Bao Ding , Dai Bingying , Meng Qiming , Lv Chunliu , Luo Hui , Zhu Honglin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
SSc is an autoimmune connective tissue disease involving multiple organs. The most common clinical symptom of SSc is progressive fibrosis of the skin, and the pathologically manifestations of skin were activation and proliferation of fibroblasts and continuous proliferation of extracellular matrix. TGF-β can promote the proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, causing excessive deposition of collagen and structural proteins. Therefore, exploring the specific mechanism of TGF-β-related pathway on fibrosis is of great significance for improving skin fibrosis in SSc.

Methods
Genes related to TGF-β pathway were screened through bioinformatics analysis, and SSc phenotypes were verified in vivo and in vitro. The relevant molecular mechanisms were preliminarily discussed in combination with transcriptome sequencing.

Results
Human cysteine-rich secreted protein LCCL domain protein 2 (CRISPLD2) was found increased reactivity in TGF-β-induced fibroblasts, and the expression of ACTA2 (ɑ-SMA) decreased significantly in TGF-β-mediated fibroblasts with up-regulation of CRISPLD2.

Conclusion
CRISPLD2 was found to have increased reactivity in TGF-β-induced fibroblasts, and we further confirmed that CRISPLD2 can participate in TGF-β-induced fibroblast fibrosis from multiple perspectives and levels in negative feedback regulation, and investigated the mechanism of CRISPLD2 in fibrosis.
Proteomic analysis of toxic effects of short-term cadmium exposure on goat livers
Authors: Liu Guangyang , Shen Xiaoyun , Li Yuanfeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Food safety is closely related to environmental pollution. It is worth noting that the long-term accumulation of Cd, a toxic heavy metal, in animals may pose a threat to human health through food chain. Previous studies have found that Cd exposure may cause liver metabolic disorders of black goats, but the mechanism of its impact on liver proteome of goats has not been widely studied. Therefore, in this study, ten male goats (Nubian black goat × native black goat) were exposed to Cd via drinking water containing CdCl2 (20 mg Cd·kg − 1·BW) for 30 days (five male goats per group). Blood physiology and liver antioxidant indices in black goats were determined and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the livers of Cd-exposed goats were profiled by using TMT-labelled proteomics. It was found that plasma Hb and RBC levels as well as PCV values were decreased, liver SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC and CAT levels were decreased, and MDA level was increased in Cd-treated goats, and 630 DEPs (up 326, down 304) in the livers of Cd-treated goats. Proteomics analysis revealed that Cd exposure affected glutathione metabolism and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450. We identified GP×2, GSTM3, and TBXAS1 as potential protein markers of early Cd toxicity in goats. This study provided theoretical basis for early diagnosis of Cd poisoning in goats.
Repeated radon exposure induced ATM kinase-mediated DNA damage response and protective autophagy in mice and human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Shan Shan , Wang Aiqing , Tu Cheng , Wan Jianmei , Hong Chengjiao , Li Xiaohan , Wang Xueying , Yin Jieyun , Tong Jian , Tian Hailin , Xin Lili 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective: Radon (222Rn) is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that has been closely linked with the development of lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the radon-induced DNA strand breaks, a critical event in lung carcinogenesis, and the corresponding DNA damage response (DDR) in mice and human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. Methods: Biomarkers of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), DNA repair response to DSBs, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, autophagy, and a cell apoptosis signaling pathway as well as cell-cycle arrest and the rate of apoptosis were determined in mouse lung and BEAS-2B cells after radon exposure. Results: Repeated radon exposure induced DSBs indicated by the increasing expressions of γ-Histone 2AX (H2AX) protein and H2AX gene in a time and dose-dependent manner. Additionally, a panel of ATM-dependent repair cascades [i.e. non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ), cell-cycle arrest and the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)/Bax apoptosis signaling pathway] as well as the autophagy process were activated. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine pre-treatment partially reversed the expression of NHEJ-related genes induced by radon exposure in BEAS-2B cells. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that long-term exposure to radon gas induced DNA lesions in the form of DSBs and a series of ATM-dependent DDR pathways. Activation of the ATM-mediated autophagy may provide a protective and pro-survival effect on radon-induced DSBs.
IL‐17A‐neutralizing antibody ameliorates inflammation and fibrosis in rosacea by antagonizing the CXCL5/CXCR2 axis
Authors: Zhang Chuanxi , Jin Hui , Kang Yumeng , Wu Yiling , Zheng Ruiping , Zhang Ziyan , Xu Hong , Cai Wenchen , Gao Xuemin , Liu Heliang , Mao Na , Yang Jie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that can lead to fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying fibrosis in the later stages of rosacea have been less thoroughly investigated. Interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) has been implicated in both inflammation and organ fibrosis; however, the effectiveness and mechanism of IL‐17A‐neutralizing antibodies in the later stages of rosacea‐related fibrosis remain unclear. In this study, we induced rosacea‐like lesions in mice using LL‐37 and administered IL‐17A‐neutralizing antibodies. The results indicated that the IL‐17A‐neutralizing antibodies alleviated skin damage, reduced skin thickness, and decreased the secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF‐α, CAMP, TLR4, P‐NF‐kB), angiogenesis‐related factors (CD31, VEGF), and the TGF‐β1 signaling pathway, along with factors associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition and the deposition of fibrosis‐related proteins (COL1) in the rosacea‐like mouse models. Furthermore, the IL‐17A‐neutralizing antibodies effectively diminished the expression of IL‐17, IL‐17R, CXCL5, and CXCR2 in the skin. Our findings demonstrate that IL‐17A‐neutralizing antibodies inhibit the activation of the CXCL5/CXCR2 axis in rosacea‐like skin tissue, thereby ameliorating inflammation and fibrosis associated with the condition.
Bergenin, the main active ingredient of Bergenia purpurascens, attenuates Th17 cell differentiation by downregulating fatty acid synthesis
Authors: He Yue , Xu Danlei , Zhang Jing , Liu Yan , Liao Minghui , Xia Yufeng , Wei Zhifeng , Dai Yue 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBergenin is the main active ingredient of Bergenia purpurascens, a medicinal plant which has long been used to treat a variety of Th17 cell‐related diseases in China, such as allergic airway inflammation and colitis. This study aimed to uncover the underlying mechanisms by which bergenin impedes Th17 cell response in view of cellular metabolism. In vitro, bergenin treatment reduced the frequency of Th17 cells generated from naïve CD4+ T cells of mice. Mechanistically, bergenin preferentially restrained fatty acid synthesis (FAS) but not other metabolic pathways in differentiating Th17 cells, and exogenous addition of either palmitic acid (PA) or oleic acid (OA) and combination with acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) activator citric acid dampened the inhibition of bergenin on Th17 cell differentiation. Bergenin inhibited FAS through downregulating the expression of SREBP1 via restriction of histone H3K27 acetylation in the SREBP1 promoter, and SREBP1 overexpression weakened the inhibition of bergenin on Th17 differentiation. Furthermore, bergenin was shown to directly interact with SIRT1 and result in activation of SIRT1. Either combination with SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 or point mutation plasmid of SIRT1 diminished the inhibitory effect of bergenin on FAS and Th17 cell differentiation. Finally, the inhibitory effect of bergenin on Th17 cell response and SIRT1 dependence were verified in mice with dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis. In short, bergenin repressed Th17 cell response by downregulating FAS via activation of SIRT1, which might find therapeutic use in Th17 cell‐related diseases.
Factors Related to Rehabilitation Adherence in Pediatric Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tanner Lynn , Schorr Erica 
Published: October 2024

Background: Rehabilitation is crucial for improving the functional outcomes of children and adolescents with cancer. An understanding of factors related to rehabilitation adherence is needed to improve intervention design and effectiveness, and decrease healthcare costs. Therefore, this systematic review aims to identify factors related to pediatric cancer rehabilitation adherence. Methods: Based upon the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was completed in January 2023, including terms of pediatrics, cancer, rehabilitation, and adherence. Study eligibility included: (1) published after 2011, (2) English language, (3) a physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology, cognitive or exercise intervention or service, (4) mean age ≤18 years old, within 5 years of a cancer diagnosis, and (5) measurement and reporting of adherence factors. Study quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Tools. Results: The review included 13 studies providing interventions to 318 children. Most of the interventions were related to exercise. Adherence levels of supervised sessions ranged from 61% to 91%. Unsupervised intervention adherence was not a common outcome, but the reported measurements ranged widely (<1-72%). The classification of factors associated with adherence included organizational, treatment, and personal factors. Common barriers to adherence were fatigue, illness, time and motivation. Facilitators of adherence included peer or caregiver support and supervision. Conclusion: Additional research is needed to investigate the factors related to rehabilitation intervention adherence, especially factors beyond exercise and those associated with unsupervised interventions. Standardized measures are crucial to ensure the reliability and comparability of findings.