bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based approach to Jaloukavacharana with special reference to Aeromonas species: a case series
Authors: Sweta K. M. , Bharadwaj Achyut 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Jalukavacharana (medicinal leech therapy) is a time-tested bloodletting therapy employed to treat inflammatory, ischemic, and infectious diseases. Aeromonas spp., commonly found in the leech’s gut, is known to cause two major diseases: gastroenteritis and wound infections (with or without bacteremia). In cases such as diabetes mellitus where the patient can be immuno-compromised, the possibility of complications through leech therapy and Aeromonas spp. is high. The current study was carried out on five subjects, indicated for Jalukavacharana. The blood culture was studied, and the vomitus of a Jalouka (leech) post Jaloukavacharna (medicinal leech therapy) was obtained to rule out the presence of any pathogenic bacteria, especially Aeromonas spp. Five subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were treated with Jaloukavacharna under all the therapeutic precautions, and then blood samples were collected and sent for blood culture and sensitivity analyses to confirm the presence of Aeromonas species in these samples, and one leech vomitus blood sample has been studied for the presence of the same. All the five blood samples tested negative for any pathogenic organism, including the Aeromoans spp., and the leech vomitus blood sample tested positive for Aeromonas spp. From the aforementioned case series, it is evident that though the leech vomitus contained the pathogenic gut bacteria Aeromonas spp., all the blood samples of the study subjects tested negative for the same, indicating that the proper practice of Jaloukavacharna (medicinal leech therapy) according to the classics can help us prevent the complications of leech therapy from affecting the individual.
Awake thoracoscopic non-anatomic pulmonary resections under thoracic paravertebral block: Results of a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Derdiyok Onur , Temel Uğur 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Awake video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) helps to avoid the adverse effects of general anaesthesia (GA) with single-lung ventilation. Its usage in anatomic and non-anatomic pulmonary resections has spread worldwide, and it is mostly performed under thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA). We herein report our surgical experience with awake VATS non-anatomical resections under the thoracic paravertebral block (TPB).

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective, single-centred study reviewed patients undergoing awake VATS non-anatomical pulmonary resection under TPB, who voluntarily accepted awake VATS despite being suitable for GA and were found unsuitable for GA based on pre-operative assessment results. Demographic, pre-, per- and post-operative data were collected, analysed and compared with the literature data.

Results:
Twenty-four patients (16 patients with normal pre-operative assessment results and 8 patients having high risk for GA) were selected. Fourteen bullectomies for recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax and 10 wedge resections (nine for metastasectomy and one for lung biopsy) were performed. Global in-operating room time was 77 ± 31 min. The morbidity rate was 20.8% (n = 5), including prolonged air leak in three and pneumonia in two patients. The mean duration of the chest tube was 1.9 ± 1.5 days and mean duration of hospital stay was 3.5 ± 2.1 days. There was no in-hospital mortality. Our results were mostly similar to the literature data.

Conclusion:
Non-anatomical lung resections by VATS can be performed easily and safely under TPB in awake patients. Although the perioperative and post-operative outcomes are not superior to other anaesthesia approaches, preferring TPB may help to avoid the serious potential complications of TEA.
An unusual case of small-bowel obstruction: Broad ligament hernia
Authors: Ahuja Anmol , Rengan Shyam Sundar , Dey Ashish , Malik Vinod K. , Mittal Tarun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Broad ligament hernias (BLHs) are rare internal hernias that can lead to serious complications if left untreated. In this case report, we present the case of a BLH in a female patient and discuss its clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. A 40-year-old woman presented with subacute intestinal obstruction symptoms, including the inability to pass flatus and faeces and recurrent bilious vomiting. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed small-bowel obstruction adjacent to the uterus within the left broad ligament. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a loop of obstructed small intestine within the broad ligament, which was released and found to be healthy. The defect between the broad and infundibulopelvic ligaments was closed with sutures. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was asymptomatic at a 6-month follow-up. BLHs can be congenital or acquired, with acquired defects often resulting from previous surgeries or pregnancy-related causes. The clinical presentation typically involves the symptoms of bowel obstruction, and a CT scan is the diagnostic modality of choice, showing characteristic findings such as closed-loop obstruction and bowel dilation. Laparoscopic management offers the advantages of faster recovery and less morbidity. Closure of the defect using nonabsorbable sutures is the standard surgical approach, although a wide opening of the defect has also been described. Recurrence is a possibility, particularly if absorbable sutures are used for closure. This case report highlights the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in BLHs to prevent the complications and emphasises the role of laparoscopy in their management.
Unveiling the Enigma of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation: Causes, Consequences and Management Strategies
Authors: Jose Neethu , Joseph Elizabeth , John Johnson 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a defect in the development of tooth enamel, affecting permanent first molars and incisors. This article explores MIH causes, consequences and management strategies for dental professionals. MIH is widespread, ranging from 2.4% to 40.2% globally. South America has the highest prevalence, while Africa has the lowest. Clinically, MIH presents as demarcated white, yellow or brownish opacities on the enamel surface. Affected teeth are fragile and prone to chipping, hypersensitivity and caries. MIH disrupts the tooth’s structure, increasing the risk of fractures, dentin exposure, pulp inflammation and rapid tooth decay. It can also lead to poor oral hygiene, aesthetic concerns and reduced quality of life for children. The causes of MIH are multifactorial and involve systemic or environmental factors during pre-natal or post-natal tooth development. Potential factors include childhood illnesses, antibiotic use, environmental toxins and Vitamin D deficiency. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for MIH management. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and may involve remineralisation, desensitisation, fluoride therapy, pit and fissure sealants, restorations or extractions. MIH is a common dental concern in children. Early management by dental professionals can help prevent complications and improve oral health outcomes.
Aesthetic Rehabilitation of Edentulous Spaces with Dental Implants Using Single-stage and Two-stage Systems: A Case Series
Authors: Anbazhagan Ilavarasan , Ravichandran R , Kumar K Harsha , Nair Vivek V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Dental implants are a useful tool in the treatment of missing teeth. Dental implantology has a long history that reaches back to ancient times when attempts were made to replace missing teeth with various materials. Modern dental implants are designed to osseointegrate with the jawbone. There are two main surgical techniques: One-stage surgery and two-stage surgery. One-stage surgery involves placing the implant and allowing a healing abutment to protrude through the gums. This eliminates the need for a second surgery but carries the risk of overloading the implant during the healing phase. Two-stage surgery is the standard approach, where the implant is initially submerged, and a second surgery is performed to connect the abutment. The choice between one-stage and two-stage surgeries depends on many factors. This article aims to discuss a series of cases comparing the two modalities of implant placement.
Anaesthetic Efficacy of Adjunct Therapy with Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Kalantri Sarika Sunil , Shiraguppi Vijaykumar L. , Deosarkar Bharat Anantrao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this prospective, randomised controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of pulpal anaesthesia in the management of pain in mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) in relation to alternative adjunct therapies with a conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) versus the conventional IANB technique.

Methods:
In accordance with the CONSORT statement, a prospective, randomised controlled parallel-design clinical trial was created. Group 1: Conventional IANB (Control group); Group 2: IANB plus local infiltration; Group 3: IANB plus long buccal nerve block; Group 4: IANB plus premedication with paracetamol; and Group 5: IANB plus cryotherapy was the five groups comprised 50 participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. People were asked to use the Heft-Parker Visual Analogue Scale (HP-VAS) to score their level of discomfort at three separate intervals during the treatment process: before treatment, during access opening, and during pulp extirpation.

Results:
During access opening, Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison tests showed statistically highly significant differences (P < 0.001) between Group 1 and Group 4 and a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between Group 1 and Group 3. During pulp extirpation statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between Group 1 and Group 4 were reported. While the other group shows a statistically insignificant difference.

Conclusion:
IANB alone does not provide painless endodontic treatment in SIP patients. Hence, adjunct therapy of premedication with paracetamol or a supplementarily anaesthetising long buccal nerve block can significantly increase anaesthetic efficacy of IANB.
Management of Complicated Crown Root Fracture Using Chamfer Reattachment Technique
Authors: Senan Arya , Abraham George Varghese , Lekshmi Aiswarya , Johny Minimol K. , Devadathan A. , Jacob Jose 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The reattachment of the tooth fragment is one of the viable treatment options if the original intact tooth fragment is available following dental trauma. The reattachment of the remaining fractured tooth can provide better aesthetics, improved function and generate a positive psychological response amongst patients. This case report consists of three cases of crown root fracture that was successfully treated using tooth fragment reattachment technique.
Assessment of right ventricular systolic function using right ventricular fractional area change among human immunodeficiency virus infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy and its relationship with viral load and CD4 cell count
Authors: Baba Musa Mohammed , Buba Faruk , Talle Mohammed Abdullahi , Garbati Musa A. , Abdul Habu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease compared with the general population, and right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction is said to be associated with worse outcomes. HIV infection is an established risk factor for pulmonary hypertension. On the other hand, pulmonary hypertension directly affects RV function through an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, causing right ventricle hypertrophy, chamber dilatation, and ultimately RV systolic dysfunction. We, therefore, sought to assess RV systolic function (RVSF) using RV fractional area change (RVFAC) among HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and its relationship with viral load and CD4 cell count.

Methods:
The study was a cross-sectional conducted among HIV patients receiving HAART at the Federal Medical Center, Nguru, Yobe State, North Eastern Nigeria, using RVFAC among HIV patients on HAART and its relationship with viral load and CD4 cell count.

Results:
One hundred and seven subjects were recruited into the study, comprising 37 (34.6%) males and 70 (65.4%) females. Ninety-six (89.71%) had preserved RVSF, while 11 (10.3%) had reduced RVSF. The mean CD4 cell count of patients with preserved RVSF was significantly higher compared to those with reduced RVSF (838.4 ± 27.5 cells/μL and 301.7 ± 12.4 cells/μL), respectively P ≤ 0.001. The mean viral load of patients with preserved was significantly lower compared to those with reduced RVSF (547.9 ± 10.8 1 copies/mL and 10,293.00 ± 74.8 1 copies/mL), respectively P ≤ 0.001.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of RV systolic dysfunction among HIV patients on HAART was found to be 10.3% and there was a significant positive correlation between RVFAC with CD4 cell count and a significant negative correlation between RVFAC with HIV viral load.
Analysis of Holter-electrocardiogram at the early stage of acute coronary syndrome in Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
Authors: Karel Makani Bassakouahou Jospin , Naïbe Gankama Thibaut , Bijou Moualengue , Ruddy Taty , Franck Ekoba , Arthur Bolongue Awasandeke , Stephane Ikama Meo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Acute coronary syndrome is a medical emergency resulting from sudden obstruction of the coronary artery. The main objective of this study was to describe the pattern of rhythm abnormalities at the early stage of acute coronary syndrome and their possible associated factors in Brazzaville (Congo).

Methods:
A prospective and analytical study was carried out in the Cardiology Department of the University Hospital of Brazzaville from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. We included consecutively all patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome and having carried out a Holter-electrocardiogram (EKG) during the first 24 h.

Results:
The study concerned 59 patients. Coronary syndrome including ST segment elevation in 54 patients (91.5%) and without ST elevation in five patients (8.5%). The location of electrocardiographic abnormalities was anterosepto-apical (30.5%), extensive anterior (22%), anteroseptal (20.3%), inferior (17%), lateral (6.8%), and apicolateral (3.4%). Rhythm and conduction abnormalities on Holter-EKG were supraventricular extrasystole (49.2%), ventricular extrasystole (47.5%), atrioventricular block (6.8%), atrial fibrillation (3.4%), and ventricular tachycardia (3.4%). No relationship was found between clinico-biological factors and the occurrence of ventricular extrasystoles.

Conclusion:
The early stage of acute coronary syndrome was mostly associated to ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles without link with clinico-biological factors.
Investigating supraventricular tachyarrhythmias on cardiac electrophysiology: A basic introduction
Authors: Uwanuruochi Kelechukwu , Shah Ruchit A. , Trimbak Kokane Hemant 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Interest in cardiac electrophysiology is increasing in sub Saharan Africa, but the interpretation of results is poorly understood. Cardiac electrophysiology is the study of the electrical activity of the heart by virtue of catheters that are positioned in the heart in addition to leads placed on the chest surface. It is useful in identifying sites of origin of various cardiac arrhythmias, diagnosing conduction abnormalities, and treating various arrhythmias. This is the second in a series reviewing cardiac electrophysiology methods. The first introduced cardiac electrophysiology and assessment of the sinus and atrioventricular nodes. This paper reviews the assessment of supraventricular tachycardias.
Statistical tools and packages for data collection, management, and analysis - A brief guide for health and biomedical researchers
Authors: Deo Vishal , Ranganathan Priya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Previous articles in this series have looked at various aspects of planning, designing, conducting and interpreting biomedical research. In this article, we offer an overview of some tools and resources available to health and biomedical researchers, to help them with their research.
Growth factor-enhanced matrix combined either with free connective tissue graft or with collagen membrane in the treatment of Miller class II gingival recession
Authors: El Serafy Mohamed El Hussein , Razzak Mona Y. A. El , Shoukheba Malak Y. M. , Ghouraba Rehab F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The goal of the study was to examine the efficacy of collagen membrane or free connective tissue graft in conjunction with growth factor-enhanced matrix (GEM) for treating Miller class two gingival recession.

Patients and methods
Twenty sites in 10 patients, with class II Miller gingival recession were allocated randomly to be treated by (GEM21s) with free connective tissue graft (group I) or GEM21s with collagen membrane (group II). Recession width, recession depth, height of keratinized tissue and digital measurements were recorded at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival thickness, and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline and 6 months. Root coverage percentage were recorded 6 months postoperative and wound healing index were recorded at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperative.

Results
Both groups showed significant improvement in all clinical parameters and increase in bone level was observed after 6 months compared to baseline measures. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups except for recession depth at 1 and 3 months after surgery and height of keratinized tissue at 1, 3, and 6 months in favor of group I. Radiographically there was a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in amount of labial bone gain and bone density in favor of group I compared to group II.

Conclusion
GEM21s combined either with free connective tissue graft or collagen membrane led to favorable gingival coverage and radiographical results with better results for free connective tissue graft with GEM21s.
The adjunctive effect of frankincense extract gel to nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical study
Authors: Yousef Doaa A. , Eleknawy Engy , Arafa Mona F. , Negm Walaa A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim
This study was aimed at assessing the impact of applying the frankincense extract gel subgingivally in addition to scaling and root planing (SRP) of nonsurgically treated moderate chronic periodontitis patients.

Patients and methods
Twenty cases were randomly chosen and undergo an equal division into two groups: group I underwent only SRP, group II underwent SRP as well as frankincense extract gel. Applying frankincense extract gel subgingivally was carried out after initial SRP (day 1), 7, and 14 days. Clinical measurements involved probing depth, bleeding on probing, as well as clinical attachment level. qRT-PCR was performed to identify the treatment’s effect on Porphyromonas gingivalis. Clinical measurements along with plaque samples for PCR were documented at baseline (prior to the therapy), 1, and 3 months following treatment.

Results
Group II (frankincense extract gel) exhibited statistically significant enhancement in all clinical parameters involving probing depth, clinical attachment level, as well as bleeding on probing. In addition, P. gingivalis revealed a significant reduction in its load as revealed from qRT-PCR as opposed to the control group.

Conclusion
Applying frankincense extract gel subgingivally has exhibited potent antibacterial properties. As it is biologically accepted by most cases when applied in periodontal pockets, it is advised to be utilized in addition to SRP for managing moderate chronic periodontitis cases as well as others under the periodontal maintenance phase.
Unveiling the role of mitofusin proteins in periodontal inflammation: Mitofusin-1 and Mitofusin-2 perspectives
Authors: Sharma Himani , Tripathi Umang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Periodontal diseases result from the complex interplay between microbial pathogens and the host immune response. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in mitochondrial dynamics proteins, particularly Mitofusin-1 (MFN1) and Mitofusin-2 (MFN2), contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal inflammation. Dysregulation of MFN1 and MFN2 expression levels may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and exacerbated inflammation. Furthermore, MFN1 and MFN2 modulate inflammatory responses and tissue remodeling processes in periodontal tissues. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of MFN1 and MFN2 holds therapeutic potential for developing novel interventions targeting mitochondrial dynamics in periodontal diseases. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific pathways regulated by MFN1 and MFN2 and validate their potential as therapeutic targets in periodontal inflammation. This review explores the involvement of MFN1 and MFN2 in periodontal inflammation, shedding light on their mechanistic contributions and therapeutic implications.
Effect of chewing simulation in different Ph solutions on flexural strength of monolithic zirconia
Authors: Sallam Alaa S. , Masaod Gaber I. , El-dessouky Radwa A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim

In vitro study is to evaluate the effect of chewing simulation in different ph solutions on flexural strength of monolithic zirconia.

Patients and methods
Forty zirconia bars (N = 40) were cut off zirconia disc using IsoMet. Each bar was 2 mm thickness, 25 mm length and 5 mm width. Specimens were divided into four groups (n = 10). The first group (control) was ready for universal test of flexural strength. Second, third, and fourth group were ready for chewing simulation but in different PH solutions acidic, neutral, and alkaline respectively. These solutions were collected from the lab (acidic-PH = 4, alkaline PH = 10). Twenty extracted human premolars (divided vertically into two halves by IsoMet) were collected for study as antagonist material for chewing simulation. After chewing simulation of these groups, the flexural strength was measured for them and SEM.

Results
Group 1 (control) showed the highest flexural strength with the mean value (745.21 ± 69.47) followed by group 3 (neutral) (720.40 ± 92.47), then group 2 (acidic) (507.56 ± 111.99), and finally group 4 (alkaline) (497.26 ± 172.90) with the least flexure of strength. There was significance between group 1 (control) and group 2 (acidic) and highly significant with group 4 (alkaline). There was no significance with group 3 (neutral). SEM showed that no cracks in control group. Group (2) surfaces were very smooth with amorphous structure showing disperessed small pores. Group (3) air voids were found entrapped between zirconia grains. Group (4) the surface was rough showing large compact flacks’ fragmentation and branched cracks.

Conclusions
This study clearly illustrates the significance of flexural strength in different pH of an aqueous solution in terms of the chewing of zirconia ceramics. Cyclic loading decreases flexural strength of 4% yttrium zirconia in neutral but not significantly. In alkaline and in neutral there were significant decrease in flexural strength with chewing due to degradation of stabilizers and transformation tetragonal phase to monoclinic phase. This degradation was in alkaline group more than in acidic group.