bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating freshwater turtle mortality rates and population declines following hook ingestion
Authors: Steen David A. , Robinson Orin J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFreshwater turtle populations are susceptible to declines following small increases in the mortality of adults, making it essential to identify and understand potential threats. Freshwater turtles ingest fish hooks associated with recreational angling, and this is likely a problem because hook ingestion is a source of additive mortality for sea turtles. We used a Bayesian‐modeling framework, observed rates of hook ingestion by freshwater turtles, and mortality of sea turtles from hook ingestion to examine the probability that a freshwater turtle in a given population ingests a hook and subsequently dies from it. We used the results of these analyses and previously published life‐history data to simulate the effects of hook ingestion on population growth for 3 species of freshwater turtle. In our simulation, the probability that an individual turtle ingests a hook and dies as a result was 1.2–11%. Our simulation results suggest that this rate of mortality from hook ingestion is sufficient to cause population declines. We believe we have identified fish‐hook ingestion as a serious yet generally overlooked threat to the viability of freshwater turtle populations.
Purchases by heavier drinking young people concentrated in lower priced beverages: Implications for policy
Authors: Wall Martin , Casswell Sally , Yeh Li‐Chia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsAlcohol is an increasingly important risk factor in the global burden of disease. The acute harms experienced and persistence of drinking patterns established in adolescence motivate investigating influences on youth drinking. The aim is to examine association between heavier drinking in young people and their choice of beverage type, purchase outlet and price.Design and MethodsA nationally representative sample of New Zealand drinkers (N = 1056) aged 16–19 years recruited using random digit dialling was surveyed in 2012 as part of the International Alcohol Control study. Typical quantities consumed and frequency of alcohol consumption categorised respondents into lower, medium and heavier consumption groups. Beverage choice, prices paid and on or off‐premise purchase were related to consumption using univariate analysis. Logistic analysis was used to examine multivariate factors predicting membership of consumption groups.ResultsTwenty percent of the sample consumed six or more drinks at least once a week, increasing to 1 in 4 for those 18 years and older. Heavier drinkers consumed more alcohol in the form of ready to drinks (RTD) especially high‐potency RTDs. Lower consumers drank greater proportion of wine. Heavier drinkers paid less than medium consumers who paid less than lower consumers. High‐potency RTDs were cheaper per unit of alcohol than other beverages and chosen by heavier drinkers resulting in lower prices.Discussion and ConclusionsHeavy consumption of alcohol remains common in New Zealand young drinkers. Heavier drinkers paid less to purchase alcohol and consumed more alcohol in the form of high‐potency RTDs. [Wall M, Casswell S, Yeh L‐C. Purchases by heavier drinking young people concentrated in lower priced beverages: Implications for policy. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:352–358]
Sebastian Rodrigues in Shusaku Endo's Silence as a Theologian of the Cross1
Authors: Takamura Toshihiro 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn his book, On Being a Theologian of the Cross, Gerhard Forde asserts, “[T]he theology of the cross is an offensive theology. The offense consists in the fact that unlike other theologies it attacks what we usually consider the best in our religion.” If causing an offense against Christian theologians and the populace in general is considered a criterion for this theology, Shusaku Endo surely sets forth the theology of the cross in his novel, Silence. Although he would not identify his thesis by such a term, Endo presents the theology of the cross challenging the conventional understanding of the Christian faith. This short article explores Endo's book, Silence, examines how it demonstrates an articulation of the theology of the cross, and argues that Sebastian Rodrigues, the main character of the novel, is a theologian of the cross.
Plurality of Self: Buddhist Anthropology and the Two Natures of Christ
Authors: Mann Jeffrey K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe union of divine and human in Jesus Christ was codified at the Council of Chalcedon. However, while this position makes good theological sense, in terms of soteriology, it remains a conceptual problem. How do two distinct entities combine into a single entity without the loss of their respective distinctiveness? This article recommends a move from a Greek metaphysic of “substance” to a Buddhist understanding of selfhood as emptiness. By understanding the self as an interweaving of multiple energies, rather than a fixed substance, Chalcedonian Christology can retain its soteriological integrity with a more helpful conceptual understanding of how two may become one.
Lipid‐based submicron capsules as a strategy to include high concentrations of a hydrophobic lightening agent in a hydrogel
Authors: Nguyen H. T. P. , Soucé M. , Perse X. , Vial F. , Perrier T. , Yvergnaux F. , Chourpa I. , Munnier E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed at increasing the concentration of a hydrophobic lightening agent, Omegalight®, in a hydrophilic cosmetic product by means of encapsulation in lipid‐based submicron capsules. The core of these capsules is entirely made of the commercial lightening agent.MethodsLipid‐based encapsulation systems (LNC) were prepared by the PIT method. Their physicochemical properties were followed over 6 months by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements, and in parallel, the potential degradation of the active ingredient was monitored by HPLC. The stability of the capsules in a cosmetic gel was studied by spectrofluorimetry and rheology measurements. Sensory analysis was used to determine the influence of the presence of capsules in the gel on the consumer's experience.ResultsLNC encapsulating Omegalight® were prepared on a laboratory scale and then on a semi‐pilot scale. Their hydrodynamic diameters are around 230 nm. The concentration of Omegalight® in the capsules reaches about 84% w/w, which corresponds to 42% of active ingredient. LNC can be dispersed without degradation at concentrations of up to 20% w/w in a hydrogel without modification of the physicochemical or sensory properties of the gel.ConclusionLipid‐based capsules (LNC), an encapsulation system useful for the epidermal delivery of hydrophobic compounds, were adapted to the encapsulation of a commercial lightening agent. The encapsulation permits the dispersion in a stable manner of a very high concentration of a hydrophobic active molecule in a hydrogel while maintaining the physicochemical and sensory properties of the gel.
Fabrication of SiC/diamond composite coatings by electrophoretic deposition and chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Yu Shengjie , Chen Zhaofeng , Wang Yang , Luo Ruiying , Xu Tengzhou , Pan Ying , Liao Jiahao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this research, SiC/diamond composite coatings were fabricated by a novel procedure that consisted of the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of diamond particles onto graphite substrates followed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of SiC. Various concentrations of MgCl2 were employed to increase the deposition rate and uniformity of the deposits during the EPD process by giving a positive charge to diamond particles. The CVD of SiC was found to have a tightly connected diamond‐graphite interface and spherical texture. With higher weight fraction of diamond particles deposits, the wear of steel ball increased, while the wear of SiC coating decreased.
Dimensional analysis of Ni‐NiO grains at anode/electrolyte interface for SOFC during redox reaction
Authors: Liang Bo , Zhang Silong , Zhang Zefang , Lu Biao , Lu Shengguo , Kendall Michaela , Ni Meng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUpon reduction and re‐oxidization, the interface of a microtubular solid oxide fuel cell (MTSOFC) anode/electrolyte was structurally analyzed using a dual beam focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer (STEM‐EDX). The bulk volume of the dense NiO phase dramatically contracted upon reduction, while the YSZ phases are completely unaffected. No cracks or particle detachment are observed either at the interface of the anode/electrolyte or in the anode backbone. Compared with the initial NiO state (as‐prepared), the area of Ni phase contracts by 22.6%‐83.7%, depending on the grain size.
Leadership behaviours, organizational culture and intention to stay amongst Jordanian nurses
Authors: AbuAlRub R.F. , Nasrallah M.A. 
Published: March 2017

AimTo investigate the impact of leadership behaviours of nurse managers and organizational culture on Jordanian nurses’ intention to stay at work in public, private and university hospitals.BackgroundLeadership behaviours of nurses and organizational culture are considered important factors in enhancing retention of nurses.MethodsA correlational design was used in the study. A sample of 285 Jordanian nurses was conveniently selected to complete a self‐administered questionnaire that consisted of three measures; Kouzes and Posner's Leadership Practise Inventory, Professional Organizational Culture questionnaire and McCain's Intent to Stay Scale.ResultsNurse managers’ leadership behaviours and organizational culture were positively associated with the level of intention to stay at work. The study variables explained almost 43% of the variance in nurses’ intention to stay at work.LimitationsThe limitation of the study was the use of convenience sampling method.ConclusionThe results asserted that transformational leadership styles of nurse managers enhance positive hospitals’ culture as well as the intention of nurses to stay at work.Implications for nursing and health policyNurse executives should promote leadership behaviours of nurse managers through training. The regulatory bodies of nursing profession in collaboration with nurse educators and administrators should help in developing competencies for nurse managers that are based on transformational leadership and incorporate such competencies in nursing education programs as well as continuous education programs.
Investigation of fatigue crack initiation facets in Ti‐6Al‐4V using focused ion beam milling and electron backscatter diffraction
Authors: EVERAERTS J. , VERLINDEN B. , WEVERS M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIn the very high cycle fatigue regime, internal crack initiation can occur in Ti‐6Al‐4V because of the formation of facets, which are α grains that have fractured in a transcrystalline and planar manner. Because this crack initiation phase occupies most of the fatigue life, it is essential to understand which mechanisms lead to facet formation. Fatigue tests have been performed on drawn and heat‐treated Ti‐6Al‐4V wires, and the facets at internal crack initiation sites have been analysed in detail in terms of their appearance, their spatial orientation and their crystallographic orientation. The facets were not smooth, but showed surface markings at the nanoscale. In nearly all cases, these markings followed a linear pattern. One anomalous facet, in a sample with the largest grain size, contained a fan‐shaped pattern. The facets were at relatively steep angles, mostly between 50° and 70°. Cross‐sections of the fracture surfaces have been made by focused ion beam milling and were used to measure the crystallographic orientation of facets by electron backscatter diffraction. Most facet planes coincided with a prismatic lattice plane, and the linear markings were parallel to the prismatic slip direction, which is a strong indication that prismatic slip and slip band formation led to crack initiation. However, the anomalous facet had a near‐basal orientation, which points to a possible cleavage mechanism. The cross‐sections also exposed secondary cracks, which had formed on prismatic lattice planes, and in some cases early stage facet formation and short crack growth phenomena. The latter observations show that facets can extend through more than one grain, and that there is crack coalescence between facets. The fact that drawn wires have a specific crystallographic texture has led to a different facet formation behaviour compared to what has been suggested in the literature.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder in the perinatal period: A concept analysis
Authors: Vignato Julie , Georges Jane M , Bush Ruth A , Connelly Cynthia D 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo report an analysis of the concept of perinatal post‐traumatic stress disorder.BackgroundPrevalence of perinatal post‐traumatic stress disorder is rising in the USA, with 9% of the U.S. perinatal population diagnosed with the disorder and an additional 18% being at risk for the condition. Left untreated, adverse maternal–child outcomes result in increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs.DesignConcept analysis via Walker and Avant's approach.MethodsThe databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, Academic Search Premier and PsychINFO were searched for articles, written in English, published between 2006–2015, containing the terms perinatal and post‐traumatic stress disorder.ResultsPerinatal post‐traumatic stress disorder owns unique attributes, antecedents and outcomes when compared to post‐traumatic stress disorder in other contexts, and may be defined as a disorder arising after a traumatic experience, diagnosed any time from conception to 6 months postpartum, lasting longer than 1 month, leading to specific negative maternal symptoms and poor maternal–infant outcomes. Attributes include a diagnostic time frame (conception to 6 months postpartum), harmful prior or current trauma and specific diagnostic symptomatology defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Antecedents were identified as trauma (perinatal complications and abuse), postpartum depression and previous psychiatric history. Consequences comprised adverse maternal–infant outcomes.ConclusionsFurther research on perinatal post‐traumatic stress disorder antecedents, attributes and outcomes in ethnically diverse populations may provide clinicians a more comprehensive framework for identifying and treating perinatal post‐traumatic stress disorder.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses are encouraged to increase their awareness of perinatal post‐traumatic stress disorder for early assessment and intervention, and prevention of adverse maternal–infant outcomes.
Differences in depression, treatment satisfaction and injection behaviour in adults with type 1 diabetes and different degrees of lipohypertrophy
Authors: Hernar Ingvild , Haltbakk Johannes , Broström Anders 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo assess the prevalence of lipohypertrophy, and to compare differences in external, personal and regimen factors in adults with type 1 diabetes and different degrees of lipohypertrophy.BackgroundSuboptimal insulin injection behaviour is associated with lipohypertrophy, which may affect insulin absorption and lead to blood glucose fluctuations. Few, if any studies have investigated how external, personal and regimen factors differ in people with type 1 diabetes and different degrees of lipohypertrophy.DesignA cross‐sectional study including adults with type 1 diabetes at a diabetes outpatient clinic in a Norwegian university hospital.MethodsParticipants (n = 215) were included consecutively at scheduled appointments. Sociodemographic, diabetes and insulin treatment data, and self‐report questionnaires concerning patient activation (Patient Activation Measure), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire‐2), diabetes distress (Diabetes Distress Scale), type D personality (14‐item Type D scale), treatment satisfaction (Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire) and motivation (Treatment Self‐Regulation Questionnaire), were collected. Lipohypertrophic injection sites were identified by palpation by diabetes specialist nurses.ResultsLipohypertrophy was present in 53% and was more frequent in insulin pen users (63%) compared to insulin pump users (34%). Participants with two or more lipohypertrophic areas had higher depression scores, lower treatment satisfaction with glycaemic control, higher bolus doses and reported suboptimal injection behaviour compared to those with no lipohypertrophic areas. There were no differences in patient activation, diabetes distress, type D personality or motivation between the groups.Discussion and conclusionCompared to pump treatment, pen treatment requires greater awareness of injection technique. Symptoms of depression and lower treatment satisfaction might affect diabetes self‐management and glycaemic control, but the association with lipohypertrophy needs further exploration.Relevance to clinical practiceLipohypertrophy is more frequent in insulin pen users compared to pump users. Nurses should focus on injection technique education, and should also consider screening for depressive symptoms and treatment satisfaction as these factors could be associated with development of lipohypertrophy.
Vulnerability to burnout within the nursing workforce—The role of personality and interpersonal behaviour
Authors: Geuens Nina , Van Bogaert Peter , Franck Erik 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo study the combination of personality and interpersonal behaviour of staff nurses in general hospitals in relation to burnout and its separate dimensions.BackgroundMore research on the individual factors contributing to the development of burnout is needed to improve the risk profile of nursing staff. Therefore, a combination of Leary's interpersonal circumplex model, which depicts the interpersonal behaviour trait domain, and the five‐factor model was considered in the study at hand.DesignA cross‐sectional research method was applied using self‐report questionnaires.MethodsA total of 880 Belgian general hospital nurses were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected from November 2012–July 2013. The questionnaire consisted of three validated self‐report instruments: the NEO five‐factor inventory, the Dutch Interpersonal Behaviour Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory.ResultsOf the 880 nurses invited to participate, 587 (67%) returned the questionnaire. Sex, neuroticism, submissive‐friendly behaviour, dominant‐friendly behaviour and vector length were found to be predictive factors for emotional exhaustion. For depersonalisation, sex, neuroticism, conscientiousness, friendly behaviour, submissive‐friendly behaviour, dominant‐hostile behaviour and vector length were predictive factors. Finally, personal accomplishment was determined by neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, and hostile behaviour.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the influence of the Big Five personality factors on the separate dimensions of burnout. Interpersonal behaviour made a significant contribution to the predictive capacity of the regression models of all three dimensions of burnout. Additional longitudinal research is required to confirm the causal relationship between these individual factors and burnout.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study can help to achieve a better understanding of which vulnerabilities an individual prevention programme for burnout should target. In addition, hospitals could use assessment instruments to identify nurses who are prone to burnout and thus would benefit from additional support or stress reduction programmes.
Nitrogen modulation of Medicago truncatula resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches depends on plant genotype
Authors: Thalineau Elise , Fournier Carine , Gravot Antoine , Wendehenne David , Jeandroz Sylvain , Truong Hoai‐Nam 
Published: March 2017

SummaryNitrogen (N) availability can impact plant resistance to pathogens by the regulation of plant immunity. To better understand the links between N nutrition and plant defence, we analysed the impact of N availability on Medicago truncatula resistance to the root pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches. This oomycete is considered to be the most limiting factor for legume production. Ten plant genotypes were tested in vitro for their resistance to A. euteiches in either complete or nitrate‐deficient medium. N deficiency led to enhanced or reduced susceptibility depending on the plant genotype. Focusing on four genotypes displaying contrasting responses, we determined the impact of N deficiency on plant growth and shoot N concentration, and performed expression analyses on N‐ and defence‐related genes, as well as the quantification of soluble phenolics and different amino acids in roots. Our analyses suggest that N modulation of plant resistance is not linked to plant response to N deprivation or to mechanisms previously identified to be involved in plant resistance. Furthermore, our studies highlight a role of glutamine in mediating the susceptibility to A. euteiches in M. truncatula.
An information theory account of late frontoparietal ERP positivities in cognitive control
Authors: Barceló Francisco , Cooper Patrick S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractERP research on task switching has revealed distinct transient and sustained positive waveforms (latency circa 300–900 ms) while shifting task rules or stimulus‐response (S‐R) mappings. However, it remains unclear whether such switch‐related positivities show similar scalp topography and index context‐updating mechanisms akin to those posed for domain‐general (i.e., classic P300) positivities in many task domains. To examine this question, ERPs were recorded from 31 young adults (18–30 years) while they were intermittently cued to switch or repeat their perceptual categorization of Gabor gratings varying in color and thickness (switch task), or else they performed two visually identical control tasks (go/no‐go and oddball). Our task cueing paradigm examined two temporarily distinct stages of proactive rule updating and reactive rule execution. A simple information theory model helped us gauge cognitive demands under distinct temporal and task contexts in terms of low‐level S‐R pathways and higher‐order rule updating operations. Task demands modulated domain‐general (indexed by classic oddball P3) and switch positivities—indexed by both a cue‐locked late positive complex and a sustained positivity ensuing task transitions. Topographic scalp analyses confirmed subtle yet significant split‐second changes in the configuration of neural sources for both domain‐general P3s and switch positivities as a function of both the temporal and task context. These findings partly meet predictions from information estimates, and are compatible with a family of P3‐like potentials indexing functionally distinct neural operations within a common frontoparietal “multiple demand” system during the preparation and execution of simple task rules.