bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a novel phosphorus‐containing dicyclopentadiene novolac hardener and its cured epoxy resin with improved thermal stability and flame retardancy
Authors: Yang Jian‐Wei , Wang Zheng‐Zhou , Liu Lei 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTA novel phosphorus‐containing dicyclopentadiene novolac (DCPD‐DOPO) curing agent for epoxy resins, was prepared from 9,10‐dihydro‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) and n‐butylated dicyclopentadiene phenolic resin (DCPD‐E). The chemical structure of the obtained DCPD‐DOPO was characterized with FTIR, 1H NMR and 31P NMR, and its molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography. The flame retardancy and thermal properties of diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin cured with DCPD‐DOPO or the mixture of DCPD‐DOPO and bisphenol A‐formaldehyde Novolac resin 720 (NPEH720) were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL 94 vertical test and cone calorimeter (CCT), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. It is found that the DCPD‐DOPO cured epoxy resin possess a LOI value of 31.6% and achieves the UL 94 V‐0 rating, while its glass transition temperature (Tg) is a bit lower (133 °C). The Tg of epoxy resin cured by the mixture of DCPD‐DOPO and NPEH720 increases to 137 °C or above, and the UL 94 V‐0 rating can still be maintained although the LOI decreases slightly. The CCT test results demonstrated that the peak heat release rate and total heat release of the epoxy resin cured by the mixture of DCPD‐DOPO and NPEH720 decrease significantly compared with the values of the epoxy resin cured by NPEH720. Moreover, the curing reaction kinetics of the epoxy resin cured by DCPD‐DOPO, NPEH720 or their mixture was studied by DSC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44599.
Ag@AgCl‐TiO2/organic rectorite/quaternized chitosan microspheres: An efficient and environmental photocatalyst
Authors: Yang Lianli , Ma Xiaoyan , Zhang Weihong , Gen Wei 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTA plasmonic composite, Ag@AgCl‐TiO2/OREC, was prepared by sol–gel combing calcination technique, precipitation, and photoreduction method. Then, Ag@AgCl‐TiO2/OREC/QCS composite microspheres were fabricated by an emulsification/chemical crosslinking method using quaternized chitosan and Ag@AgCl‐TiO2/OREC as scaffolds materials, potassium persulphate as initiator and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinker. The resulting materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐visible diffused reflectance spectra (UV–vis DRS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM showed that the Ag@AgCl‐TiO2/OREC/QCS composite microspheres had loose, rough surface, and spherical shape, with an average diameter of 15–45 μm. The Ag@AgCl‐TiO2/OREC/QCS composite microspheres present good adsorption–photocatalytic activities in the degradation of methylene orange (MO) and 92.1% MO was degraded after irradiation for 180 min. The high photocatalysis activity was attributed to the combined results of the relative high adsorption capacity, loose structure, and the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles formed on the surface of AgCl. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44601.
Divided Zygomatic Bone in Primates With Implications of Skull Morphology and Biomechanics
Authors: Wang Qian , Dechow Paul C. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTTypically the zygoma is a single bone in the facial skeleton whose shape uniquely copes with loads associated with mastication. Rarely but naturally, the zygoma is divided into two or more parts by supernumerary sutures. These extra intrazygomatic sutures are located at an area of critical morphological and biomechanical importance, yet their impacts have not been studied. In this study, the morphological and possible biomechanical consequences of the divided zygoma (DZ) were investigated in primates including rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), orangutans (Pongo abelii and P. pygmaeus), and modern humans (Homo sapiens). Results demonstrated that a unilateral supernumerary suture within the zygoma affected facial symmetry. The superior division of the divided zygoma was normally slender along with the adjacent frontal bone parts; while the inferior division of the divided zygoma was normally more robust, along with stronger temporal and maxillary bones. These were possible biomechanical consequences, in which the stresses incurred during normal masticatory activities were shunted from the upper face to the lower face, especially along the zygomatic arch. These findings revealed that the DZ condition would alter overall morphology of the midface of the affected side, and unfavorably affect the pattern of stress distribution in the loaded side of the face during mastication. The developmental mechanisms for the supernumerary sutures dividing the zygoma were unclear. Further insights into this rare condition may deepen our understanding of craniofacial form, adaptation, developmental plasticity, and evolution, and help to improve therapeutic philosophies in corrective and regenerative medicine. Anat Rec, 299:1801–1829, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Biomechanics of Zygomatic Arch Shape
Authors: Smith Amanda L. , Grosse Ian R. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTMammalian zygomatic arch shape is remarkably variable, ranging from nearly cylindrical to blade‐like in cross section. Based on geometry, the arch can be hypothesized to be a sub‐structural beam whose ability to resist deformation is related to cross sectional shape. We expect zygomatic arches with different cross sectional shapes to vary in the degree to which they resist local bending and torsion due to the contraction of the masseter muscle. A stiffer arch may lead to an increase in the relative proportion of applied muscle load being transmitted through the arch to other cranial regions, resulting in elevated cranial stress (and thus, strain). Here, we examine the mechanics of the zygomatic arch using a series of finite element modeling experiments in which the cross section of the arch of Pan troglodytes has been modified to conform to idealized shapes (cylindrical, elliptical, blade‐like). We find that the shape of the zygomatic arch has local effects on stain that do not conform to beam theory. One exception is that possessing a blade‐like arch leads to elevated strains at the postorbital zygomatic junction and just below the orbits. Furthermore, although modeling the arch as solid cortical bone did not have the effect of elevating strains in other parts of the face, as had been expected, it does have a small effect on stress associated with masseter contraction. These results are counterintuitive. Even though the arch has simple beam‐like geometry, we fail to find a simple mechanical explanation for the diversity of arch shape. Anat Rec, 299:1734–1752, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the electrochemiluminescent behavior of procaterol hydrochloride in the presence of Ru(bpy)32+ and its analytical application in pharmaceutical preparation
Authors: Kong Dexian , Hu Fangdong , Jiang Lili , Lin Jiandi , Wei Qiaohua , Chi Yuwu , Chen Guonan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBased on the strong enhancement effect of procaterol hydrochloride on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) in an alkaline H3PO4–NaOH buffer solution on a bare Pt electrode, a simple, rapid and sensitive method was developed for the determination of procaterol hydrochloride. The optimum conditions for the enhanced ECL have been developed in detail in this work. Under optimum conditions, the logarithmic ECL enhancement vs. the logarithmic concentration of procaterol hydrochloride is linear over a wide concentration range of 2.0 × 10−7 to 2.0 × 10−4 M (r = 0.9976), with a limit of detection of 1.1 × 10−8 M (S/N = 3), and a relative standard deviation of 2.1% (n = 7, c = 5.0 × 10−6 M). The proposed method was applied to the determination of this drug in tablets with recoveries of 89.7%–98.5%. In addition, a possible mechanism for the enhanced ECL of Ru(bpy)32+, which is caused by ProH, has also been proposed.
Intracellular cysteine oxidation is modulated by aquaporin‐8‐mediated hydrogen peroxide channeling in leukaemia cells
Authors: Vieceli Dalla Sega Francesco , Prata Cecilia , Zambonin Laura , Angeloni Cristina , Rizzo Benedetta , Hrelia Silvana , Fiorentini Diana 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe modulation of H2O2 production by NADPH oxidase (Nox), on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation, affects the redox signaling linked to cancer cell proliferation. H2O2 signal transduction involves reversible oxidation of thiol proteins, leading to the formation of cysteine sulfenic acids, responsible for the temporary inactivation of many phosphatases. These events imply that H2O2 reaches its intracellular targets. As Aquaporin‐8 (AQP8) has been demonstrated to funnel Nox‐produced H2O2 across the plasma membrane, this study aims to elucidate the role of AQP8 in the redox signaling occurring in human leukaemia B1647 cells that constitutively produce VEGF. AQP8 overexpression or silencing resulted in the modulation of VEGF ability of increasing or decreasing, respectively, H2O2 intracellular level. Moreover, data obtained by a dimedone‐based immunochemical method for sulfenic acid detection demonstrate that the expression of AQP8 can modulate the amplitude of downstream events, altering the activity of redox‐sensitive targets. In particular, AQP8 affected VEGF‐induced redox signaling by increasing the sulfenation of the tumor suppressor PTEN, which resulted in its inactivation and, in turn, caused Akt activation. Therefore, the dimedone‐based method for easily monitoring cellular protein sulfenation allowed to demonstrate, for the first time, the role of AQP8 on the fine tune of cysteine oxidation in target proteins involved in leukaemia cell proliferation pathways. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(2):232–242, 2017
Novel technique for high throughput measurement of active monooxygenase concentration
Authors: Welters Tim , Horn Thomas , Ruff Anna Joelle , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Büchs Jochen 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTAbsorbance measurements via transmitting light spectroscopy in microtiter plates are established for high throughput screening of biological systems. These measurements allow for the determination of important process parameters within a short time. However, absorbance determination via transmitted light measurements is not always feasible. As for carbon monoxide difference absorbance spectroscopy, used for concentration measurements of active P450 monooxygenases (P450s), security standards, and consistent gassing have to be addressed. In this study, a non‐invasive online measuring principle for absorbance via scattered light is proposed. Based on optical fiber measurements, a decrease in scattered light signals at 450 nm wavelength of reflecting polymer particles is observed, and P450 concentrations are calculated. In this way, high throughput determination of P450 concentrations in a secure, gas‐tight environment is realized. The designed method was successfully applied to concentration measurements and carbon monoxide (CO) saturation kinetics ranging from 0.3 to 5.0 μM P450 BM3 achieving a measurement accuracy of ±0.05 μM P450. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 929–933. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of mineral‐binding peptides that discriminate between chalcopyrite and enargite
Authors: Curtis Susan , Lederer Franziska L. , Dunbar W. Scott , MacGillivray Ross T.A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTInnovative approaches to the separation of minerals and subsequent extraction of metals are imperative owing to the increasing mineralogical complexity of ore deposits that are difficult or even impossible to separate into slurries or solutions containing only the minerals or metals of interest. Low recovery of metal is typical for these complex deposits leading to significant losses to tailings. In addition, the minerals often contain impurities, some toxic, which are difficult and costly to control or manage during the processing of a concentrate or other mineral product. One example of this complex situation is the significant economic and environmental costs associated with diluting and processing copper concentrates containing arsenic (in the form of the mineral enargite, Cu3AsS4) in the production of pure copper. To overcome these separation problems, we have utilized phage display to identify peptides that demonstrate selective recognition of enargite and the arsenic‐free copper sulfide, chalcopyrite. Screening of two random peptide phage display libraries resulted in the identification of an enargite‐selective peptide with the sequence MHKPTVHIKGPT and a chalcopyrite‐selective peptide with the sequence RKKKCKGNCCYTPQ. Mineral‐binding selectivity was demonstrated by binding studies, zeta potential determination and immunochemistry. Peptides that have the ability to discriminate between enargite and chalcopyrite provide a greener option for the separation of arsenic containing contaminants from copper concentrates. This represents the first step towards a major advance in the replacement or reduction of toxic collectors as well as reducing the level of arsenic‐bearing minerals in the early stages of mineral processing. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 998–1005. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterns of recurrence after oesophagectomy and postoperative chemoradiotherapy versus surgery alone for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hsu P-K , Chen H-S , Huang C-S , Liu C-C , Hsieh C-C , Hsu H-S , Wu Y-C , Wu S-C 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background
Patterns of recurrence after surgery with postoperative chemoradiotherapy (S-CCRT) or surgery alone in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may differ. This might influence the nature and timing of subsequent management strategies.

Methods
Patients with SCC who had undergone R0 resection were included. Propensity score matching was used to select matched groups. Survival and recurrence were compared by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to identify prognostic factors for overall and disease-free survival.

Results
A total of 1390 patients were included, of whom 1000 had surgery alone and 390 underwent S-CCRT. Propensity score matching yielded 213 well balanced pairs. The 3-year overall survival rate and median survival time in the S-CCRT group were 0·50 and 36·5 (95 per cent c.i. 25·1 to 52·6) months respectively, compared with 0·38 and 22·8 (18·2 to 29·0) months in the surgery-alone group (P = 0·006). The 3-year disease-free survival rate and median disease-free survival time in the S-CCRT group were 0·46 and 30·6 (22·2 to 39·3) months respectively, compared with 0·36 and 17·6 (11·3 to 23·9) months in the surgery-alone group (P = 0·006). The 2-year freedom from locoregional recurrence rate was 0·87 and 0·77 in the S-CCRT and surgery-alone groups respectively (P = 0·003). In multivariable analysis, independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival included age over 56 years, pT3–4 category, pN category, poor differentiation, tumour length exceeding 4·0 cm, and receiving postoperative chemoradiotherapy (hazard ratio 0·62, 95 per cent c.i. 0·47 to 0·81; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Oesophagectomy with postoperative chemoradiotherapy was associated with longer survival and lower recurrence rates, especially at a locoregional level, compared with surgery alone.
Rapid analysis of interaction between six drugs and β2‐adrenergic receptor by injection amount‐dependent method
Authors: Zeng Kaizhu , Wang Jing , Sun Zhenyu , Li Qian , Liao Sha , Zhao Xinfeng , Zheng Xiaohui 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDrug–protein interaction analysis has become a considerable topic in life science which includes clarifying protein functions, explaining drug action mechanisms and uncovering novel drug candidates. This work was to determine the association constants (KA) of six drugs to β2‐adrenergic receptor by injection amount‐dependent method using stationary phase containing the immobilized receptor. The values of KA were calculated to be (25.85 ± 0.035) × 104 m−1 for clorprenaline, (42.51 ± 0.054) × 104 m−1 for clenbuterol, (6.67 ± 0.008) × 104 m−1 for terbutaline, (33.99 ± 0.025) × 104 m−1 for tulobuterol, (7.59 ± 0.011) × 104 m−1 for salbutamol and (78.52 ± 0.087) × 104 m−1 for bambuterol. This rank order agreed well with the data determined by zonal elution, frontal analysis and nonlinear chromatography, even using different batches of β2‐AR column. A good correlation was found between the association constants by the current method and radio‐ligand binding assay. Our data indicates that the injection amount‐dependent method is a powerful alternative for rapid analysis of ligand–receptor interactions.
N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea induces retinal degeneration in the rat via the inhibition of NF‐κB activation
Authors: Xiong Yu , Ji Hong‐pei , Song Wei‐tao , Yin Ye‐Wei , Xia Chao‐hua , Xu Bei , Xu Yi , Xia Xiao‐bo 
Published: November 2016

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the loss of photoreceptor cells through apoptosis. N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU) is an alkylating toxicant that induces photoreceptor cell death resembling hereditary RP. This study aimed to investigate the role of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) in MNU‐induced photoreceptor degeneration. Adult rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of MNU (60 mg/kg bodyweight). Hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated progressive outer nuclear layer (ONL) loss after MNU treatment. Transmission electron microscopy revealed nuclear pyknosis, chromatin margination in the photoreceptors, increased secondary lysosomes, and lobulated retinal‐pigmented epithelial cells in MNU‐treated rats. Numerous photoreceptor cells in the ONL showed positive TUNEL staining and apoptosis rate peaked at 24 hours. Enhanced depth imaging spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography showed ONL thinning and decreased choroid thickness. Electroretinograms showed decreased A wave amplitude that predominated in scotopic conditions. Western blot analysis showed that nuclear IκBα level increased, whereas nuclear NF‐κB p65 decreased significantly in the retinas of MNU‐treated rats. These findings indicate that MNU leads to selective photoreceptor degradation, and this is associated with the inhibition of NF‐κB activation.
Copper is a Cofactor of the Formylglycine‐Generating Enzyme
Authors: Knop Matthias , Dang Thanh Quy , Jeschke Gunnar , Seebeck Florian P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFormylglycine‐generating enzyme (FGE) is an O2‐utilizing oxidase that converts specific cysteine residues of client proteins to formylglycine. We show that CuI is an integral cofactor of this enzyme and binds with high affinity (KD=of 10−17 m) to a pair of active‐site cysteines. These findings establish FGE as a novel type of copper enzyme.
Does minimalist transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement produce better survival in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Authors: Condado Jose F. , Haider Moosa N. , Lerakis Stamatios , Keegan Patricia , Caughron Hope , Thourani Vinod H. , Devireddy Chandan , Leshnower Bradley , Mavromatis Kreton , Sarin Eric L. , Stewart James , Guyton Robert , Forcillo Jessica , Patel Ateet , Simone Amy , Block Peter C. , Babaliaros Vasilis 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo compare outcomes after minimalist and standard transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TF‐TAVR) in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).BackgroundTF‐TAVR is increasingly performed with conscious sedation and transthoracic echocardiography guidance (minimalist). The safety/efficacy of this technique in patients with severe COPD is unknown.MethodsWe compared demographics, 30‐day outcomes and 1‐year survival of patients with severe COPD (FEV1% ≤50) who underwent minimalist vs. standard TF‐TAVR between 2008 and 2015 at our institution.ResultsOf 88 patients with severe COPD, 46 underwent minimalist and 42 underwent standard TF‐TAVR. There were no differences on baseline characteristics, except for more history of coronary artery bypass grafting (45.5% vs. 20.6%, P = 0.03) and less history of cerebrovascular disease (16.7% vs. 45.5%, P = 0.03) in the standard TF‐TAVR. Seventeen minimalist TF‐TAVR patients (41.0%) were transferred directly to the general medical ward with telemetry monitoring (without ICU stay); all standard TF‐TAVR patients went to the ICU. Minimalist TF‐TAVR patients had shorter procedure time (97 vs. 129 min, P < 0.001), ICU time (21.8 vs. 29.8 hr, P = 0.001) and length of stay (2 vs. 5 days, P = 0.001). There were no differences in procedure complications and 30‐day mortality between groups. In our multivariate analysis, minimalist TF‐TAVR (HR 0.28, 95%CI 0.08–0.97) and previous coronary revascularization (HR 0.24, 95%CI 0.09–0.65) were associated with increased 1‐year survival. In contrast, moderate paravalvular leak (HR 7.73, 95%CI 1.94–30.84) was associated with decreased 1‐year survival.ConclusionIn patients with severe COPD, Minimalist TF‐TAVR results in less resource utilization and improved 1‐year survival compared to standard approach. Our findings should be validated in a larger cohort of patients with severe COPD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stenting of the ductus arteriosus in infants with functionally univentricular heart disease and ductal‐dependent pulmonary blood flow: A single‐center experience
Authors: Celebi Ahmet , Yucel Ilker Kemal , Bulut Mustafa Orhan , Kucuk Mehmet , Balli Sevket 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the short‐ and medium‐term outcomes of ductal stenting (DS) in patients with functionally univentricular hearts (FUHs) and ductal‐dependent pulmonary blood flow.BackgroundSeveral studies have evaluated the outcomes of DS in a limited number of patients with FUHs. Nonetheless, there is still no consensus regarding the indications for this procedure, and no appropriate patient selection criteria have been devised.MethodsFrom 2005 to 2015, cardiac catheterization for DS was performed in 68 patients with FUHs. Of these patients, 49 had single source pulmonary blood flow from ductus arteriosus. Procedural and follow‐up data were evaluated.ResultsThe median weight of the patients was 3.6 kg (2.3–6.8 kg), and the median age was 26 days (3 days–8 months). The technical success rate of the procedure was 95% (65 of 68 patients). Mean oxygen saturation increased from 70% ± 7.6% to 87% ± 4.6% (P < 0.0001). Among patients in whom DS was successful, 55 (84.6%) were bridged to a Glenn procedure after a median of 9.1 months (6.4–14 months), and 41 (63%) were successfully bridged to a Glenn procedure without additional interventions. Of the 16 patients with preexisting mild pulmonary artery stenosis, five required a surgical shunt due to progressive branch pulmonary artery stenosis, while nine were bridged to a Glenn operation without shunt placement. Five (7.3%) patients died, including patients who were sent to surgery.ConclusionDS is a reasonable and effective alternative to surgical shunt placement as a first‐stage palliative procedure in patients with FUHs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.