bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Qualification Test Procedure to Evaluate New CRA Material, 17-Chrome
Authors: Ong G. , Hassan H. S. , Ishak M. Faizatulizuddin , Ishiguro Y. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A new Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) Corrosion Resistant Material (CRA) 17-Chrome (17CR) was introduced in late 2011. The corrosion resistance performance of such material was claimed to be comparable to a higher grade material of duplex stainless steel 22-Chrome (22CR) under a given aggressive corrosion environment. In addition to that, 17CR was expected to be significantly competitive and commands shorter delivery lead time compared to 22CR as it does not require cold-drawing process to achieve the required high yield strength. PCSB had evaluated this new material for one of its massive LNG development projects through a series of qualification testing. These LNG carbonate fields were highly corrosive with CO2 and H2S content up to 22 mol% and 140ppm respectively. Maximum bottom hole temperature anticipated was more than 180 degrees Celsius. Material selection for production tubing was therefore of paramount importance in such severe well condition to ensure that long term well integrity was not compromised with this newly developed material. Through the establishment of a multidisciplinary team, PCSB had established a set of rigorous qualification test procedure, fully aligned with industry standards to ensure that the identified risks were mitigated from both material and connection perspectives. This paper will describe the systematic approach that was used to evaluate the reliability of the new material with a premium connection under the defined worst case conditions; discuss the corresponding results which led to significant cost savings for the mentioned project.
Oilfield Microbiology: Detection Techniques Used in Monitoring Problematic Microorganisms Such as Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria SRB
Authors: Bennet Douglas G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMicrobiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a well-documented phenomenon that involves microorganisms and affects multiple industries with untold economic impact. The most well- known microorganisms within the oilfield, by far, are Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB). It is thought that through SRB respiration, corrosion of metals can occur. An exact figure for MIC responsibility in overall corrosion is currently unknown. However estimates of between 10-50% are not uncommon, when coupled with estimated costs of metal corrosion in developed countries to be between 2-3% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), suddenly the cost implications of MIC gain significance. The technical and economic implications have gained recognition within the oil and gas industry within the last thirty to forty years and monitoring techniques to detect microorganisms and corrosion have progressed and developed through increased interest in microorganisms commonly found within the oilfield. As with human nature, the ability to predict the future, rather than deal with the consequence is a preferred approach, which is one of the main driver's to pro-active monitoring techniques for detection of microorganisms to help determine the risk of MIC to occur, rather than a reliance on rate of corrosion alone. This approach has led to increased research in to the subject of oilfield microbiology and development of modern molecular techniques, often borrowed from other industries such as medical microbiology, that have come to the fore recently. However a significant focus on cost saving practices within the oil and gas industry has a significant and direct impact on the type and frequency of monitoring applied (if any).The objective of this review is to discuss and evaluate the available techniques and review the most common problems associated with microorganisms within the oil and gas industry. To determine effective monitoring practices in a practicable and economically viable manner to ensure monitoring can be carried out effectively, understood and evaluated while implementing control and mitigation strategies with confidence.
Sensitivity Study of Slug Induced Fatigue in Flow Line Spools
Authors: Ancian L. , Salanon R. , Agar M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The fatigue generated by slugs in pipelines depends on the pipe structure, slug density, velocity and length. This research project sponsored by five operators and engineering companies assesses the influence of the main parameters mentioned above on pipeline vibration levels and predicts associated fatigue.
A 3D Finite Element Model of an existing pipe system is used to simulate the force generated by the passage of slugs. Gravity variations and impact forces at elbows are adjusted based on specific formulas and experimental results for a range of slug sizes and velocities. Resonance sources and effects are analyzed.
Fatigue damage is then computed using time-domain Finite Element software and a rainflow-counting algorithm. Finally, a detailed sensitivity study is performed to quantify the influence of cell length and velocity.
Results show that above a minimal slug length, a static equilibrium is reached. For slugs longer than this minimal length, the piping oscillates around a new equilibrium point until the liquid fills the pipe. For any given spool, the maximum fatigue generated by a slug is encountered at a slug velocity and length specific to the spool. The most significant new finding shows that this maximum fatigue non-linearly varies with the slug velocity, length and the pipe structure (elbow location, length of unsupported pipe, 3D routing). This is mainly due to the fact that the force generated by the liquid after the slug passage is in phase with an existing pipe oscillation generated at the entrance of the slug. This is important as until now, slug fatigue computation was based on average slug parameters, now recognized as not conservative.
The novelty of this new computation method is its ability to accurately predict the fatigue levels in a subsea spool. It also shows that the existing method taking into account mean slugs does not necessarily generate the worst-case scenario and that all the slugs expected to exist throughout the lifetime of the pipe system have to be considered.
Model Test for Crane Installation of Subsea Equipment in Deep Water
Authors: Nam B. W. , Kim N. W. , Hong S. Y. , Choi Y. M. , Kim J. W. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this study, crane installation operations of subsea equipment in deep water are experimentally investigated. A series of model tests for the deepwater lifting operation were performed at Ocean Engineering Basin of KRISO. For the model test, an installation vessel with dynamic positioning system, and a crane system were introduced. Among various subsea equipment, a suction pile was examined. The objective of the model test is to observe the motion responses of the lifted object and the dynamic tension of the hoisting wire during deepwater lifting operation. Under various irregular wave conditions, the horizontal and vertical motion responses of the lifted object were examined. The dynamic tension of the hoisting wire were also evaluated under the different wave period and water depth conditions. Discussion is made on the effect of passive heave compeasator on the motion and tension responses.
Developing a Multiphase Reference Network to Support Well Optimisation & Flow Assurance
Authors: MacDonald Marc , Leonard Terri 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The use of Multiphase flowmeters in the oil and gas industry has increased significantly in recent years. The technology is now widely utilised subsea for well optimisation and reservoir management with the drive in development toward use for fiscal allocation.
Currently, the lack of an established reference network, guidelines and standards – whereby the metering technology can be reliably evaluated and/or verified for their applications – is inhibiting further development. In addition, the intrinsic complexities associated with multiphase and multi-component mixtures result in a wide variation in flow patterns developing, including challenging slugging conditions which must be detected in order to avoid flow assurance issues and catastrophic damage to processing equipment. The impact of challenging flow regimes on metering performance must also be accounted for through further research and development.
This paper reviews the current theoretical methods for the determination of flow patterns as a function of field variables such as pressure, temperature, component fluid properties and velocities. Established flow pattern maps presented in the literature and commonly used in industry are evaluated using experimental data from NEL's multiphase flow facility.
The development of flow pattern maps and flow visualisation techniques is a key part in the development of a much needed reference network for multiphase flow metrology. This work is part of a wider €3M project with support from the EU, National Measurement Institutes, Universities, Operators, Multiphase Flow Laboratories, Vendors and Regulators.
The Importance of Early Water Detection and Water Salinity Measurement in Multiphase Production Systems and a New Measurement Technology That Addresses This Challenge
Authors: Hanssen Birger Velle , Lupeau Alexandre , Solheim Harald , Leong Yit Seng 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Early water detection and on-line measurement of water salinity is important for many applications in multiphase and wet gas flow metering. Applications range from detecting formation water breakthrough for reservoir management and flow assurance purposes to updating water property input for multiphase flow meters. This paper addresses the value of early water detection and having knowledge of water salinity in an oil and gas production systems. It also presents a measurement solution to this challenge.
The development of an open-ended coaxial reflection probe for estimating water salinity in three-phase flow is described. The shallow sensitivity depth of the reflection probe, based on microwave technology, means that it is sensitive to the bulk electrical properties of the fluids in its close vicinity. The reflection probe works well for both the multiphase and wet gas flow conditions when placed in a liquid-rich location of the production flow line. This provides good salinity-estimate accuracy for the full range, from low to very high GVF. While a microwave transmission system will fail to measure salinity for many oil-continuous flows, the intermittent presence of water in the close vicinity of the reflection probe flush at the pipe wall helps achieve an accurate salinity estimate even at very low water fractions.
The extensive testing of this measurement probe will be presented and discussed.
The novelty of the new sensor technology is that it works over the full range of water-liquid ratios, independent of whether the liquid is in an oil continuous, transition, or water continuous phase.
Los programas de televisión deportivos y su relación con la audiencia social en Twitter en España
Authors: Gallardo-Camacho Jorge , Lavín Eva , Fernández García Paula 
Published: March 2016

En este estudio se presenta un análisis sobre la relación de los espectadores que ven los programas deportivos en televisión con los usuarios de Twitter en España. Metodología: La investigación se lleva a cabo a partir de una metodología cuantitativa que analiza 150 programas que acumulan un total de 1.838.056 tuiteros que participaron en los 5 programas más comentados diariamente durante un mes. Para la comprobación de las hipótesis recurrimos al análisis comparativo cuantitativo y al coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Resultados y conclusiones: Planteamos tres hipótesis y comprobamos que los programas de contenido deportivo acaparan el 34.8% de los tuiteros de la muestra; observamos que los programas deportivos con éxito en Twitter no son los más vistos en la televisión tradicional; y concluimos que el porcentaje de interacción en Twitter aún es muy bajo cuantitativamente frente al número de telespectadores.
Mercury oxidation from bromine chemistry in the free troposphere over the southeastern US
Authors: Coburn Sean , Dix Barbara , Edgerton Eric , Holmes Christopher D. , Kinnison Douglas , Liang Qing , ter Schure Arnout , Wang Siyuan , Volkamer Rainer 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The elevated deposition of atmospheric mercury over the southeastern United States is currently not well understood. Here we measure partial columns and vertical profiles of bromine monoxide (BrO) radicals, a key component of mercury oxidation chemistry, to better understand the processes and altitudes at which mercury is being oxidized in the atmosphere. We use data from a ground-based MAX-DOAS instrument located at a coastal site ∼  1 km from the Gulf of Mexico in Gulf Breeze, FL, where we had previously detected tropospheric BrO (Coburn et al., 2011). Our profile retrieval assimilates information about stratospheric BrO from the WACCM chemical transport model (CTM), and uses only measurements at moderately low solar zenith angles (SZAs) to estimate the BrO slant column density contained in the reference spectrum (SCDRef). The approach has 2.6 degrees of freedom, and avoids spectroscopic complications that arise at high SZA; knowledge about SCDRef further helps to maximize sensitivity in the free troposphere (FT). A cloud-free case study day with low aerosol load (9 April 2010) provided optimal conditions for distinguishing marine boundary layer (MBL: 0–1 km) and free-tropospheric (FT: 1–15 km) BrO from the ground. The average daytime tropospheric BrO vertical column density (VCD) of ∼  2.3  ×  1013 molec cm−2 (SZA  <  70°) is consistent with our earlier reports on other days. The vertical profile locates essentially all tropospheric BrO above 4 km, and shows no evidence for BrO inside the MBL (detection limit  <  0.5 pptv). BrO increases to  ∼  3.5 pptv at 10–15 km altitude, consistent with recent aircraft observations. Our case study day is consistent with recent aircraft studies, in that the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) by bromine radicals to form gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) is the dominant pathway for GEM oxidation throughout the troposphere above Gulf Breeze. The column integral oxidation rates are about 3.6  × 105 molec cm−2 s−1 for bromine, while the contribution from ozone (O3) is 0.8  ×  105 molec cm−2 s−1. Chlorine-induced oxidation is estimated to add  <  5 % to these mercury oxidation rates. The GOM formation rate is sensitive to recently proposed atmospheric scavenging reactions of the HgBr adduct by nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and to a lesser extent also HO2 radicals. Using a 3-D CTM, we find that surface GOM variations are also typical of other days, and are mainly derived from the FT. Bromine chemistry is active in the FT over Gulf Breeze, where it forms water-soluble GOM that is subsequently available for wet scavenging by thunderstorms or transport to the boundary layer.
François Noël (1651–1729) and his Latin translations of Confucian Classical books published in Prague in 1711
Authors: Liščák Vladimír 
Published: March 2016

První setkání Evropy s konfucianismem se připisuje jesuitům, kteří působili v Číně v 16. až 18. století. Na počátku byl překlad úvodu k Da xue 大學 do latiny, publikovaný v Římě roku 1593. Nicméně, první překlad konfuciánských klasických knih, jenž přitáhl značnou pozornost, byl Confucius Sinarum Philosophus, publikovaný v Paříži v roce 1687. Tato publikace obsahovala komentovaný překlad tří ze Čtyř knih konfuciánského kánonu. Nový překlad uvedených knih byl vydán v Praze v roce 1711. Jeho autorem byl François Noël (1651–1729), belgický (vlámský) básník, dramatik a jezuita v Číně. Jeho Sinensis Imperii Libri Classici Sex obsahovaly nový překlad prvních tří z již dříve přeložených Čtyř knih a byl doplněn o Mencia (Mengzi 孟子). V této své knize rovněž zahrnul i Klasickou knihu synovské úcty (Xiao jing 孝經), jednu z třinácti klasických knih, a Malé či Základní učení (Xiao Xue 小學), sbírku textů pro děti pořízenou Zhu Xim 朱熹. Překlady jsou rozděleny do malých, číslovaných oddílů, stejně jako čínský originál. Pokud jsou uvedeny poznámky, často na konci úseku, jsou obvykle doprovázeny jménem komentátora. Noëlova práce se jeví jako důležitý pokus o vědeckou prezentaci starověkého textu, snad v záměrném kontrastu k cílům jesuitů, kteří sestavili knihu Confucius Sinarum Philosophus o půl století dříve.
Medievold - børn og unge. En svensk vurdering af kulturministeriets rapport
Authors: Feilitzen Cecilia von 
Published: March 2016

Mediernes eventuelle betydning for voldelig adfærd hos børn og unge
har i årtier været en varm sag. I begyndelsen af 1990´erne blussede
denne diskussion op igen i Danmark, bl.a. på grund af nogle opsigtsvæk-
kende drab og voldshandlinger begået mod børn af andre børn. Kultur-
ministeriet nedsatte i 1994 et udvalg, der i en rapport skulle sammenfatte
resultaterne af eksisterende forskning på området. Mediekultur har bedt
Cecilia von Feilitzen, der gennem en årrække har arbejdet med
medier/voldsproblematikken, om at anmelde og diskutere rapporten:
Susanne Boe, red., Medievold - børn og unge. Kulturprofilen, Kulturmini-
steriet, København 1995. Udvalgets formand: Birgitte Holm Sørensen.
Europæisk Kultur - et fantasifoster?
Authors: Collins Richard 
Published: March 2016

I dette essay tager Richard Collins kritisk fat omkring en ef det europæ-
iske samarbejdes nælder: kulturen. I de sidste 10-15 år har integrations-
bestræbelserne i EU været præget af en nationalistisk forestilling om
snæver sammenhæng mellem kultur og politik: For at skabe et politisk-
økonomisk samarbejde i Europa må der derfor udvikles en fælles euro-
pæisk kultur, siger fortalerne. Ikke mindst på baggrund af erfaringer med
pan-europæiske medieprojekter påpeger Richard Collins, at europæernes
kultur og mediebrug er mere forskellige end de integrationsivrige bryder
sig om. I stedet peger han på en række andre teoretiske bidrag fra bl.a.
Habermas og funktionalismen, der i stedet understreger, at europæisk
samarbejde kan ske på tværs af kulturforskelle.
Avisanalysens status
Authors: Lehrmann Ulrik 
Published: March 2016

Selv om avisen længe har været det dominerende massemedie, er
avisanalysens bidrag til dansk medieforskning både af nyere dato -
knap 30 år - og forholdsvis beskeden af omfang. Artiklen giver en
oversigt over avisanalytiske tilgange siden Niels Thomsens bane-
brydende disputats i 1972. Den belyser de forskellige dimensioner,
temaer, metoder og ideologiske perspektiver, som avisanalyse har
taget afsæt i. Dermed vises der, hvorledes 1970´erne var avisana-
lysens helt store årti, ud fra hvilke præmisser den dengang dyrkedes,
og hvad der fortsat har værdi i disse bidrag. Men artiklen viser også,
hvordan aktuelle tilgange kan sætte standarden for kommende avis-
analyser.
Bred mediebrug, bedre kompetencer? Om forholdet mellem medieanvendelse og kompetencer hos de 15-18-årige
Authors: Drotner Kirsten 
Published: March 2016

Artiklen bygger på to hovedsynspunkter, nemlig for det første at medierne
i dag er grundlæggende kompetence- og dannelsesmidler, og for det andet
at forskellige medier nærer forskellige kompetencer. Det må således an-
tages, at en bred brug af forskellige medier udgør en nødvendig, omend
ikke tilstrækkelig, basis for at udvikle en bred vifte af kompetencer. Her-
udfra analyseres unge danskeres medieforbrug i forhold til uddannelse og
erhverv, fritidsjob, køn samt alder, og det diskuteres hvilke krav og mulig-
heder resultaterne stiller til fremtidens kultur- og uddannelsespolitik.
"Min bedste film": om unges filmoplevelser
Authors: Christensen Christa Lykke 
Published: March 2016

Artiklen beskæfiger sig med unge menneskers oplevelse af levende
billeder, perspektiveret i forhold til en ramme baseret på psykologisk,
æstetik og mediekulturel teori. Ud fra en analyse af unges udsagn om
film, som de efter eget valg har defineret som "min bedste film", frem-
hæves det, hvordan receptionen især er præget af en æstetisk-emoti-
onel aktivering, som har fokus på det effektfulde og intense i oplevelsen.
Hermed demonstreres endvidere, hvordan filmenes konkret formmæs-
sige aspekter og det udtryksfulde som sådan har en afgørende betyd-
ning for de unges oplevelser.
Scriptwriting as a creative, collaborative learning process of problem finding and problem solving
Authors: Redvall Eva Novrup 
Published: March 2016

Developing an original idea into a finished feature film script is often a time-consuming and highly collective process. It is also a learning process. Writing a script is about constantly learning more about what one wants to tell and the best way to tell it. This knowledge can, for instance, come from research, conversations with creative collaborators, or improvisations with actors. In current Danish feature filmmaking this exploration of the material often takes place in close collaboration between the director and the scriptwriter (and sometimes also the producer) who together learn more about their initial idea for a film and about the best way to meet the challenge of writing the script.
This article analyzes the collaborative process in the idea development and scriptwriting phase between director Annette K. Olesen and scriptwriter Kim Fupz Aakeson based on a qualitative case study of their work in developing an initial idea into the feature film Lille soldat (Danish premiere November 14, 2008), viewing their work as a creative, collaborative learning process of continuous problem finding and problem solving.
Drawing on a study of problem finding in art by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Jacob W. Getzels (1976) and theories from the field of Creative Problem Solving (CPS), the article explores the different stages and approaches of Olesen and Aakeson in their writing process and concludes how they go about learning more about their initial idea and why they embark on this problem finding and problem solving quest together. The case study shows how external parameters like institutional acceptance-finding and financing issues influence when to move from one stage in the scriptwriting process to another, and how a major reason for collaborating is having complementary skills that ensure on the one hand not being stuck in the mess- and data-finding stages of understanding an idea for too long, and on the other not moving on to a problem statement and generating ideas too quickly.
Talk-showet som fjernsynsunderholdning
Authors: Hansen Carsten Y. 
Published: March 2016

Mens de traditionelle underholdningsprogrammer er kommet i krise, har
talk-show programmer i de senere år opnået en vældig popularitet i
dansk fjernsyn. I artiklen analyseres nogle eksempler på de senere års
danske talk-shows. Tre succesfulde, og et program der ikke vandt bred
genklang blandt seerne. Derigennem fremanalyseres de træk der karak-
teriserer den populære underholdning i dag. Sidst i artiklen genindføres
den noget oversete teori om den para-sociale interaktion som grundlag
for overvejelser over receptionsforholdene omkring talkshows og de
kulturpolitiske konsekvenser heraf.

"Ja, dengang (i 1950érne) ville jeg ikke have været i tvivl om hvad en
times underholdning var, hvilke ingredienser, der skulle i gryden. I dag
har billedet ændret sig, og det skyldes mange ting" (Otto Leisner i Bruun
Andersen 1981a, s.20).
Video er TV er video
Authors: Neimann Susanna 
Published: March 2016

Videokunst er et nyt emne i MedieKultur og det præsenteres i denne
artikel af Susanna Neimann, der også giver et par eksempler på dansk
videokunst, når den er bedst. Susanna Neimann er cand.phil. i æstetisk
kulturarbejde, videoproducer of arbejder på Videoskolen i Viborg.