bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and isolation of plant‐associated bacteria scavenging atmospheric molecular hydrogen
Authors: Kanno Manabu , Constant Philippe , Tamaki Hideyuki , Kamagata Yoichi 
Published: December 2015

SummaryHigh‐affinity hydrogen (H2)‐oxidizing bacteria possessing group 5 [NiFe]‐hydrogenase genes are important contributors to atmospheric H2 uptake in soil environments. Although previous studies reported the occurrence of a significant H2 uptake activity in vegetation, there has been no report on the identification and diversity of the responsible microorganisms. Here, we show the existence of plant‐associated bacteria with the ability to consume atmospheric H2 that may be a potential energy source required for their persistence in plants. Detection of the gene hhyL – encoding the large subunit of group 5 [NiFe]‐hydrogenase – in plant tissues showed that plant‐associated high‐affinity H2‐oxidizing bacteria are widely distributed in herbaceous plants. Among a collection of 145 endophytic isolates, seven Streptomyces strains were shown to possess hhyL gene and exhibit high‐ or intermediate‐affinity H2 uptake activity. Inoculation of Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) and Oryza sativa (rice) seedlings with selected isolates resulted in an internalization of the bacteria in plant tissues. H2 uptake activity per bacterial cells was comparable between plant and soil, demonstrating that both environments are favourable for the H2 uptake activity of streptomycetes. This study first demonstrated the occurrence of plant‐associated high‐affinity H2‐oxidizing bacteria and proposed their potential contribution as atmospheric H2 sink.
Millian Liberalism and Extreme Pornography
Authors: Cowen Nick 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHow sexuality should be regulated in a liberal political community is an important, controversial theoretical and empirical question—as shown by the recent criminalization of possession of some adult pornography in the United Kingdom. Supporters of criminalization argue that Mill, often considered a staunch opponent of censorship, would support prohibition due to his feminist commitments. I argue that this account underestimates the strengths of the Millian account of private conduct and free expression, and the consistency of Millian anticensorship with feminist values. A Millian contextual defense of liberty, however, suggests several other policy approaches to addressing the harms of pornography.
Estimation of Filling and Afterload Conditions by Pump Intrinsic Parameters in a Pulsatile Total Artificial Heart
Authors: Cuenca‐Navalon Elena , Laumen Marco , Finocchiaro Thomas , Steinseifer Ulrich 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA physiological control algorithm is being developed to ensure an optimal physiological interaction between the ReinHeart total artificial heart (TAH) and the circulatory system. A key factor for that is the long‐term, accurate determination of the hemodynamic state of the cardiovascular system. This study presents a method to determine estimation models for predicting hemodynamic parameters (pump chamber filling and afterload) from both left and right cardiovascular circulations. The estimation models are based on linear regression models that correlate filling and afterload values with pump intrinsic parameters derived from measured values of motor current and piston position. Predictions for filling lie in average within 5% from actual values, predictions for systemic afterload (AoPmean, AoPsys) and mean pulmonary afterload (PAPmean) lie in average within 9% from actual values. Predictions for systolic pulmonary afterload (PAPsys) present an average deviation of 14%. The estimation models show satisfactory prediction and confidence intervals and are thus suitable to estimate hemodynamic parameters. This method and derived estimation models are a valuable alternative to implanted sensors and are an essential step for the development of a physiological control algorithm for a fully implantable TAH.
Preclinical and clinical characterization of the cutaneous bioavailability of the hydrophilic phase of a water‐in‐oil emulsion
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes , Richter Claudia , Stauder Susanne 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBackgroundInteractions between the stratum corneum and individual phases of an emulsion system depend on various factors, but primarily on the outer continuous phase of the system. While there is plenty of data on the lipophilic phase, only very little data exists on the actual penetration of the hydrophilic phase of water‐in‐oil emulsions into the stratum corneum.Patients and methodsAgainst this background, two comparable water‐in‐oil emulsions were preclinically and clinically investigated on healthy as well as on artificially damaged skin with regard to interactions of the hydrophilic phase. In preclinical studies, following epicutaneous application on ex vivo skin, the distribution of the hydrophilic phase was quantified using fluorescence tests and analyzed according to anatomic layers. Additionally, a randomized, controlled, investigator‐blinded study investigated the effects of the preparations on the barrier function of healthy and artificially damaged skin over time.ResultsThe results clearly show that water substitution using a water‐in‐oil emulsion can only partially be attained by the addition of hygroscopic substances (e. g. urea). These effects may primarily be explained by the occlusive properties of the lipophilic phase.ConclusionsThis, the use of water‐in‐oil emulsions may in particular be recommended for chronic barrier impairment, as long‐lasting effects are not to be expected in acutely damaged skin.
Heterospecific sperm reduction in interspecific crosses between two closely related phytophagous ladybird beetles, Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata and H. pustulosa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Kohyama Tetsuo I. , Matsubayashi Kei W. , Katakura Haruo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn interspecific crosses, a mismatch in internal physiological conditions between two species can reduce sperm viability in the interval from insemination to fertilization, leading to gametic isolation. Two closely related Japanese phytophagous ladybird beetles, Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata and H. pustulosa, show several isolating barriers, including reduction in the number of heterospecific sperm in the female reproductive tract and low egg‐hatching rates in interspecific matings. However, the mechanisms of these two potential isolating barriers and the association between them are unknown. Here we investigated temporal changes in the number of sperm stored in the female reproductive tract and egg‐hatching rates in inter‐ and intraspecific crosses between these species. Although the number of sperm decreased after both inter‐ and intraspecific crosses, the reduction was more drastic in inter‐ than in intraspecific crosses for females of both species. Most of the sperm reduction occurred early on, during sperm transfer from the bursa copulatrix to the paired ampullae of the common oviduct (the sperm storage organs). These two species also demonstrated stably low egg‐hatching rates in interspecific crosses. Since the degree and timing of the sperm reduction did not correlate with egg‐hatching rates, the reduction in heterospecific sperm in interspecific crosses may not directly cause the low hatching rates. These two isolating barriers could be different expressions of the physiological mismatch and/or genetic incompatibility between gametes of these species.
Nutrition for Elder Care: a nutritional semantic recommender system for the elderly
Authors: Espín Vanesa , Hurtado María V. , Noguera Manuel 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe awareness and familiarity of elderly people with the use of new technologies have increased considerably in the last few years, which consequently cause a higher willingness to the use of these technologies in their daily lives. This allows the elderly to benefit from technology through active and conscious participation in activities related to health, leisure and promotion of social relationships, fostering active ageing. Three large dimensions cover almost a major part of health care within the framework of early and intermediate stages of active ageing: physical exercise, healthy nutrition and cognitive stimulation. In this paper, we present a nutritional recommender system, Nutrition for Elder Care, intended to help elderly users to draw up their own healthy diet plans following the nutritional experts guidelines. The system has been developed with the intensive use of Semantic Web technologies pursuing knowledge sharing and reuse between different applications and agents and the discovering of implicit new knowledge.
Macroecological relationships reveal conservation hotspots and extinction‐prone species in Australia's freshwater fishes
Authors: Le Feuvre Matthew C. , Dempster Tim , Shelley James J. , Swearer Stephen E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimWe (1) investigate the relationship between range size and body size for all Australian freshwater fish, (2) test whether this relationship changes with dispersal capacity, (3) assess whether this macroecological pattern can be used to detect potentially vulnerable, but currently unprotected, species, and (4) identify hotspots of freshwater fish conservation concern in Australia.LocationAll Australian river basins.MethodsWe test for relationships between geographic range size and body size in all Australian freshwater fishes, using quantile regression. We then investigate how these relationships vary with conservation status and dispersal capacity. We identify currently unlisted freshwater fishes that share traits with currently listed species and map their distribution, along with freshwater fish research effort, across Australia.ResultsWe found a positive, triangular relationship between range size and body size. Potamodromous species and species endemic to New Guinea and Australia had the largest geographic ranges, while diadromous and globally distributed species had the smallest geographic ranges. For a given body size, conservation‐listed species had a range less than one‐tenth the size of unlisted species. Based on this relationship, we identified 55 species that may be vulnerable to extinction. Most of these species are restricted to northern Australia, a climatically sensitive and poorly researched region on the verge of major development.Main conclusionDespite differences in environments, levels of connectivity and life‐history strategies, freshwater fishes exhibit a positive relationship between geographic range size and body size consistent with that found in terrestrial fauna. By identifying northern Australia as a hotspot of potentially vulnerable species, we provide an important context for guiding targeted research and informing future conservation management of Australia's freshwater fishes. We suggest macroecological relationships are likely to be useful for identifying species at risk of extinction across most taxa when detailed ecological data are absent.
Effectiveness of pacemaker tele‐monitoring on quality of life, functional capacity, event detection and workload: The PONIENTE trial
Authors: Lopez‐Villegas Antonio , Catalan‐Matamoros Daniel , Robles‐Musso Emilio , Peiro Salvador 
Published: December 2015

AimsThe purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of the remote monitoring (RM) of older adults with pacemakers on health‐related quality of life, functional capacity, feasibility, reliability and safety.MethodsThe PONIENTE study is a controlled, non‐randomized, non‐blinded clinical trial, with data collection carried out during the pre‐implant stage and after 12 months. Between October of 2012 and November of 2013, 82 patients were assigned to either a remote monitoring group (n = 30) or a conventional hospital monitoring (HM) group (n = 52). The EuroQol‐5D (EQ‐5D) and the Duke Activity Status Index were used to measure health‐related quality of life and functional capacity, respectively. Baseline characteristics and number of hospital visits were also analyzed.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of the two study groups were similar for both the EQ‐5D (RM 0.74, HM 0.67; P = 0.404) and the Duke Activity Status Index (RM 21.42, HM 19.95; P = 0.272). At the 12‐month follow up, the EQ‐5D utility score was improved for both groups (RM 0.91, HM 0.81; P = 0.154), unlike the EQ‐5D Visual Analog Scale (P = 0.043). The Duke Activity Status Index score was similar to the baseline score. The number of in‐hospital visits was 27% lower (3 vs 4; P < 0.001) in the remote group as compared with the hospital group.ConclusionsThe PONIENTE trial suggests that the remote monitoring of pacemakers in older adults is an equivalent option to hospital monitoring, in terms of health‐related quality of life and functional capacity. Furthermore, it allows for the early detection of clinical and pacemaker‐related adverse events, and significantly reduces the number of in‐hospital visits. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1188–1195.
Radiographic evaluation of nursing‐ and healthcare‐associated pneumonia
Authors: Haga Takahiro , Fukuoka Mizuki , Morita Mizuo , Cho Kohei , Tatsumi Koichiro 
Published: December 2015

AimRadiographic testing has an important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of pneumonia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of computed tomography (CT), in comparison with chest roentography (CR), in the diagnosis and evaluation of nursing‐ and healthcare‐associated pneumonia (NHCAP) .MethodsThe utility of CT in the diagnosis of NHCAP was compared with that of CR in a prospective study of patients who visited the emergency room in Nissan Tamagawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, with clinical symptoms that were indicative of NHCAP. We also evaluated whether particular CT findings were risk factors for NHCAP‐associated mortality.ResultsA total of 162 patients with suspected NHCAP were included in the study. The 162 patients included 147 (90.6%) patients who were diagnosed with NHCAP based on the detection of pneumonic infiltration on CT. In contrast, CR was not capable of recognizing pneumonic infiltration in 15 of the 147 (10.2%) patients. A multivariable analysis which was carried out to determine the risk factors for NHCAP‐associated mortality, showed that oxygen desaturation had the greatest odds ratio, followed by a blood urea nitrogen level of ≥21 mg/dL and the detection of bilateral pneumonic infiltration by CT.ConclusionsWe herein show that CT is superior to CR for the diagnosis and evaluation of NHCAP. The present study will provide a foundation for further studies to clarify whether the use of CT in the diagnosis and evaluation of NHCAP can improve the clinical outcome of patients with NHCAP. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 41–47.
Improved wound management at lower cost: a sensible goal for Australia
Authors: Norman Rosana E , Gibb Michelle , Dyer Anthony , Prentice Jennifer , Yelland Stephen , Cheng Qinglu , Lazzarini Peter A , Carville Keryln , Innes‐Walker Karen , Finlayson Kathleen , Edwards Helen , Burn Edward , Graves Nicholas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractChronic wounds cost the Australian health system at least US$2·85 billion per year. Wound care services in Australia involve a complex mix of treatment options, health care sectors and funding mechanisms. It is clear that implementation of evidence‐based wound care coincides with large health improvements and cost savings, yet the majority of Australians with chronic wounds do not receive evidence‐based treatment. High initial treatment costs, inadequate reimbursement, poor financial incentives to invest in optimal care and limitations in clinical skills are major barriers to the adoption of evidence‐based wound care. Enhanced education and appropriate financial incentives in primary care will improve uptake of evidence‐based practice. Secondary‐level wound specialty clinics to fill referral gaps in the community, boosted by appropriate credentialing, will improve access to specialist care. In order to secure funding for better services in a competitive environment, evidence of cost‐effectiveness is required. Future effort to generate evidence on the cost‐effectiveness of wound management interventions should provide evidence that decision makers find easy to interpret. If this happens, and it will require a large effort of health services research, it could be used to inform future policy and decision‐making activities, reduce health care costs and improve patient outcomes.
The value of inflammatory markers to diagnose and monitor diabetic foot osteomyelitis
Authors: Van Asten Suzanne AV , Nichols Adam , La Fontaine Javier , Bhavan Kavita , Peters Edgar JG , Lavery Lawrence A 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this study, we assessed the effectiveness of inflammatory markers to diagnose and monitor the treatment of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. We evaluated 35 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital with infected foot ulcers. Patients were divided in two groups based on the results of bone culture and histopathology: osteomyelitis and no osteomyelitis. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and macrophage inflammatory protein‐1 alpha (MIP1α) were measured at baseline after 3 and 6 weeks of standard therapy. PCT levels in the osteomyelitis group were significantly higher at baseline than in the group with no osteomyelitis (P = 0·049). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the levels of the other markers. CRP, ESR, PCT and IL‐6 levels significantly declined in the group with osteomyelitis after starting therapy, while MCP‐1 increased (P = 0·002). TNFα and MIP1α levels were below range in 80 out of 97 samples and therefore not reported. Our results suggest that PCT might be useful to distinguish osteomyelitis in infected foot ulcers. CRP, ESR, PCT and IL‐6 are valuable when monitoring the effect of therapy.
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF THE STONE METEORITES YAMATO (a), (b), (c) and (d), AND NUMAKAÍ
Authors: Shima Masako 
Published: December 2015

The stone meteorites Yamato (a), (b), (c) and (d) were found in Antarctica in 1969, and the chondrite Numakai was seen to fall in Hokkaido, Japan, in 1925. The chemical compositions of these meteorites have been determined by classical and instrumental methods.With the help of the stepwise fractional dissolution method the chemical composition confirmed the author's previous classification of Yamato (a), (b), (c) and (d) as enstatite chondrite, Ca‐poor achondrite, type III carbonaceous chondrite and H‐group chondrite, respectively. Numakai is classified as an H‐group olivine‐bronzite chondrite. The distribution of the major elements in each phase of these chondrites is discussed.
ROOSEVELT COUNTY 027: A LOW‐SHOCK UREILITE WITH INTERSTITIAL SILICATES AND HIGH NOBLE GAS CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: Goodrich Cyrena Anne , Keil Klaus , Berkley John L. , Laul J.C. , Smith M.R. , Wacker John F. , Clayton Robert N. , Mayeda Toshiko K. 
Published: December 2015

The lightly‐shocked ureilite RC027 was found in Roosevelt County, New Mexico in 1984. In terms of petrography, texture, mineral compositions, bulk chemical composition, and oxygen isotopic composition it is a typical ureilite. It contains ∼75% olivine (Fo 79.4) and 25% pigeonite (mg 81.3, Wo 8.0), with intergranular graphite and (Fe, Ni) metal. It also contains less than 1% of fine‐grained, interstitial silicate material, which had not previously been recognized in any ureilite. This material is an assemblage of low‐Ca pyroxene (Wo 3.5–9, mg 87–93), augite (Wo 24–36, mg 90–98), glass (typically ∼95% SiO2, 4% Al2O3, 0.5% Na2O), and crystalline SiO2. This material has an igneous texture, indicating that it crystallized from an interstitial liquid. Low‐Ca pyroxene compositions indicate that the interstitial liquid was not in equilibrium with core pigeonite and olivine and cannot have been either an evolved intercumulus liquid or a low‐degree partial melt. It may contain a component of shock‐melted olivine and pigeonite, although petrographic evidence indicates that it could not have been an in situ shock melt. One sample of RC027 has a V‐shaped rare earth element pattern, typical of ureilites. Another is depleted in light rare earth elements (LREE), similar to acid‐treated samples of ureilites, which suggests that LREE in ureilites are contained in an inhomogeneously‐distributed phase. RC027 shows the strongest olivine preferred‐orientation yet observed in a ureilite. Its fabric is characteristic of fabrics formed by tabular minerals in a fluid laminar flow regime and is unlike those formed by syntectonic recrystallization and plastic flow.The elemental and isotopic compositions of noble gases in RC027 are typical of previously analyzed ureilites. This result indicates that there is no correlation of noble gas content with degree of shock in ureilites, and thus suggests that the gases were present in the ureilite material before shock. Cosmogenic He and Ne contents indicate cosmic ray exposure ages of 1.7 and 1.9 Myr, respectively. Thus, RC027 is not paired with Kenna (a ureilite also found in Roosevelt County), which has an exposure age of ∼33 Myr.
Flood risk assessment in art cities: the exemplary case of Florence (Italy)
Authors: Arrighi C. , Brugioni M. , Castelli F. , Franceschini S. , Mazzanti B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFlood risk assessment is a crucial step for flood risk management purposes, thus answering the requirements of the European Flood Directive 60/2007/EC (European Commission). In this work, a census data scale, which has been considered as a good compromise between spatial resolution and availability of open socio‐economic data, is adopted for risk analysis. The damage categories included are structures, household contents and the most representative economic activities in the city of Florence (Italy). Moreover, since Florence is an important art city, a preliminary evaluation of risk to cultural heritage is carried out. Data from hydraulic simulations, historical reports of the devastating 1966 flood and the cultural heritage recognition sheets allow estimating and mapping the annual expected number of works of art lost in the absence of risk mitigation strategies.
Trends in caries experience and associated contextual factors among indigenous children
Authors: Ha Diep Hong , Lalloo Ratilal , Jamieson Lisa M. , Giang Do Loc 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess dental caries trends in indigenous children in South Australia, 2001‐2010; and contribution by area‐level socioeconomic status (SES), remoteness and water fluoridation status.MethodsThis study is a part of the Child Dental Health Survey (CDHS) is an ongoing national surveillance survey in Australia including children enrolled in the School Dental Services (SDS). Postcode‐level adjusted mean deciduous and permanent caries experience was estimated at each year. Time trend of dental caries experience was estimated using mixed effect models. Area‐level socioeconomic status, remoteness, water fluoridation status were independent variables in the models.ResultsThere was a significant upward trend of dental caries experience over the 10 years. Dental caries experience of indigenous children living in low SES areas had nearly one more deciduous tooth and a half permanent tooth with caries than indigenous children living in higher SES areas. The remote postcodes showed higher levels of decay in deciduous dentition (+1.25 teeth) compared with others regions.ConclusionsThe dental caries trend increased in South Australian indigenous children over the study period, and was associated with area‐level SES and remoteness.ImplicationThe increasing trend in dental caries in indigenous children is important evidence to inform policies to improve oral health.