bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All‐Hand‐Drawn Zn–Air Batteries: Toward User‐Customized On‐the‐Fly Power Sources
Authors: Choi Keun‐Ho , Kim Hyun‐Woo , Lee Seong‐Sun , Yoo JongTae , Lee Dong‐Gue , Lee Sang‐Young 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe upcoming ubiquitous era, which will foresee the widespread popularity of Internet of Things (IoT) and wearable electronics, is in urgent need of high‐performance/flexible power sources with various form factors. Here, a new class of user‐customized, on‐the‐fly power source based on an all‐hand‐drawn primary zinc (Zn)–air battery system is demonstrated. The all‐hand‐drawn Zn–air batteries are fabricated directly on A4 paper (serving as a mechanical substrate and gas diffusion layer) under ambient conditions by using a simple pen/pencil‐based hand drawing technique. The Zn–air batteries consist of pen‐drawn silver current collectors, pen‐drawn Zn anodes, pencil‐drawn carbon air cathodes, and pen‐drawn gel electrolytes. Notably, oil painting‐inspired Zn anode ink presents well‐tailored rheological properties for the pen drawing. Subsequent UV curing enables the pen‐drawn Zn anode to show dimensional stability and long‐term structural integrity. The resulting Zn–air batteries exhibit reliable electrochemical performance and on‐demand control of cell voltage/capacity. The all‐hand‐drawn Zn–air batteries are aesthetically unitized with various IoT devices including an e‐sketch of a light bulb and a smart paper lampshade as an unprecedented on‐the‐fly power source, underscoring the exceptional process simplicity, ubiquitous portability and design versatility that lie far beyond those achievable with conventional battery technologies.
Directly Assembled 3D Molybdenum Disulfide on Silicon Wafer for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Reduction
Authors: Andoshe Dinsefa Mensur , Jin Gangtae , Lee Chang‐Soo , Kim Changyeon , Kwon Ki Chang , Choi Seokhoon , Sohn Woonbae , Moon Cheon Woo , Lee Seung Hee , Suh Jun Min , Kang Sungwoo , Park Jaehyun , Heo Hoseok , Kim Jong Kyu , Han Seungwu , Jo Moon‐Ho , Jang Ho Won 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMoS2 composed of earth‐abundant elements is considered as a promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst for p‐type Si photocathode owing to its appropriate hydrogen adsorption free energy for the edge sites and high photochemical stability in acidic electrolytes. However, the direct synthesis of uniform and atomically thin MoS2 on Si by usual chemical vapor deposition techniques remains challenging because of the weak van der Waals interaction between Si and MoS2. Herein, by controlling the gas phase kinetics during metal–organic chemical vapor deposition, wafer‐scale direct synthesis of 3D MoS2 films on TiO2‐coated p‐type Si substrates is demonstrated. The 3D MoS2 layer with a number of edge sites exposed to ambient substantially reduces the HER overpotential of Si photocathode and simultaneously increases the saturation current density due to the antireflection effect. Directly grown 3D MoS2 thin films are stable under extended water reduction duration. The strategy paves the way for efficient assembly of transition metal disulfide HER catalysts on the p‐type photocathode.
Effects of monomer length on α‐olefins polymerization using a conventional Ziegler–Natta catalyst
Authors: Shirbakht Sedigheh , Mirmohammadi Seyed Amin , Didehban Khadijeh , Sadjadi Samaheh , Bahri‐Laleh Naeimeh 
Published: January 2018

Abstractα‐Olefin monomers with different lengths from C4 to C10 were polymerized via a conventional Ziegler–Natta catalyst. It was found that activity of the catalyst decreases with increase in the monomer length as well as introduction of external donor. GPC results exhibited a steady decrease in molecular weight from poly1‐butene to poly1‐decene; however, PDI did not show a clear trend. Based on differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction analyses, poly1‐butene and poly1‐decene represented crystalline structure with one and two melting points, respectively, while poly1‐hexene and poly1‐octene showed amorphous nature. The content of isotactic pentads increased from poly1‐butene to poly1‐octene, with maximum value of mmmm = 76%, but decreased again in poly1‐decene. Calculated ΔEre‐si values showed a peak by increasing monomer length which was in line with the experimental results for isotactic content.
Graphene oxide, an effective nanoadditive for a development of hollow fiber nanocomposite membrane with antifouling properties
Authors: Alam Javed , Shukla Arun Kumar , Alhoshan Mansour , Arockiasamy Dass Lawrence , Muthumareeswaran Muthu Ramamoorthy , Khan Aslam , Ahmed Ali Fekri Abdulraqeb 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA series of hollow fiber (HF) membranes made from nanocomposites of polyethersulfone (PES) and graphene oxide (GO) at GO concentrations of 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1.0% were prepared by the dry–wet spinning process. The structure and the properties of as‐prepared HF membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); atomic force microscopy (AFM); measurements of contact angle, zeta potential, molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO), and porosity; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); and tensile testing. Long‐term filtration tests were performed with the proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA), pepsin, trypsin, and lysozyme, which are common model organic foulants used in membrane fouling studies. The results showed that HF membrane made from PES/GO nanocomposite dope had a water permeability of 30 ± 1.5 Lm−2 hr−1 bar−1, which is an increase of approximately 36% compared to that of a PES HF membrane. Among the membranes containing GO, the membrane with a 0.5 wt% GO loading exhibited the best antifouling performance, that is, this membrane recovered more than approximately 96% of its initial pure water flux, demonstrating a high resistance to the irreversible fouling. In addition, the same membrane showed an improvement in MWCO, an approximately 15% increase in porosity, along with optimum mechanical and thermal properties.
Oxygen‐Vacancy Abundant Ultrafine Co3O4/Graphene Composites for High‐Rate Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Yang Shuhua , Liu Yuanyue , Hao Yufeng , Yang Xiaopeng , Goddard William A. , Zhang Xiao Li , Cao Bingqiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe metal oxides/graphene composites are one of the most promising supercapacitors (SCs) electrode materials. However, rational synthesis of such electrode materials with controllable conductivity and electrochemical activity is the topical challenge for high‐performance SCs. Here, the Co3O4/graphene composite is taken as a typical example and develops a novel/universal one‐step laser irradiation method that overcomes all these challenges and obtains the oxygen‐vacancy abundant ultrafine Co3O4 nanoparticles/graphene (UCNG) composites with high SCs performance. First‐principles calculations show that the surface oxygen vacancies can facilitate the electrochemical charge transfer by creating midgap electronic states. The specific capacitance of the UCNG electrode reaches 978.1 F g−1 (135.8 mA h g−1) at the current densities of 1 A g−1 and retains a high capacitance retention of 916.5 F g−1 (127.3 mA h g−1) even at current density up to 10 A g−1, showing remarkable rate capability (more than 93.7% capacitance retention). Additionally, 99.3% of the initial capacitance is maintained after consecutive 20 000 cycles, demonstrating enhanced cycling stability. Moreover, this proposed laser‐assisted growth strategy is demonstrated to be universal for other metal oxide/graphene composites with tuned electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity.
Improve the Performance of the All‐Small‐Molecule Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells through Enhancing the Crystallinity of Acceptors
Authors: Li Huan , Zhao Yifan , Fang Jin , Zhu Xiangwei , Xia Benzheng , Lu Kun , Wang Zhen , Zhang Jianqi , Guo Xuefeng , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSignificant development has been achieved in nonfullerene organic solar cells. However, most of the high‐efficiency nonfullerene systems are composed of polymer donors and fused‐ring acceptors, and only a few small molecule donors can work well. Herein, a new A–D–A small molecule donor named NDTSR with naphtho[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene (NDT) as building blocks is synthesized. Two energy levels well‐matched fused‐ring acceptors ITIC and IDIC are chosen to construct all‐small‐molecule solar cells with NDTSR, respectively. When mixed with IDIC, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.05% is achieved, which is the highest efficiency for NDT‐based small molecule donor. However, the NDTSR:ITIC system only exhibits a low PCE of 1.77%. The big difference in the performance of these two systems should be attributed to the different morphology and phase separation resulting from the crystallinity and aggregation ability of the acceptors. The results demonstrate that NDT‐based small molecule is a promising candidate donor for all‐small‐molecule systems, while the crystallinity of fused‐ring acceptors is a critical factor for optimizing the phase separation in the active layer.
Dual Phase Change Thermal Diodes for Enhanced Rectification Ratios: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Cottrill Anton L. , Wang Song , Liu Albert Tianxiang , Wang Wen‐Jun , Strano Michael S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThermal diodes are materials that allow for the preferential directional transport of heat and are highly promising devices for energy conservation, energy harvesting, and information processing applications. One form of a thermal diode consists of the junction between a phase change and phase invariant material, with rectification ratios that scale with the square root of the ratio of thermal conductivities of the two phases. In this work, the authors introduce and analyse the concept of a Dual Phase Change Thermal Diode (DPCTD) as the junction of two phase change materials with similar phase boundary temperatures but opposite temperature coefficients of thermal conductivity. Such systems possess a significantly enhanced optimal scaling of the rectification ratio as the square root of the product of the thermal conductivity ratios. Furthermore, the authors experimentally design and fabricate an ambient DPCTD enabled by the junction of an octadecane‐impregnated polystyrene foam, polymerized using a high internal phase emulsion template (PFH‐O) and a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) aqueous solution. The DPCTD shows a significantly enhanced thermal rectification ratio both experimentally (2.6) and theoretically (2.6) as compared with ideal thermal diodes composed only of the constituent materials.
A New Hydrophilic Binder Enabling Strongly Anchoring Polysulfides for High‐Performance Sulfur Electrodes in Lithium‐Sulfur Battery
Authors: Chen Wei , Lei Tianyu , Qian Tao , Lv Weiqiang , He Weidong , Wu Chunyang , Liu Xuejun , Liu Jie , Chen Bo , Yan Chenglin , Xiong Jie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAs one of the important ingredients in lithium‐sulfur battery, the binders greatly impact the battery performance. However, conventional binders have intrinsic drawbacks such as poor capability of absorbing hydrophilic lithium polysulfides, resulting in severe capacity decay. This study reports a new type of binder by polymerization of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether with polyethylenimine, which enables strongly anchoring polysulfides for high‐performance lithium sulfur batteries, demonstrating remarkable improvement in both mechanical performance for standing up to 100 g weight and an excellent capacity retention of 72% over 400 cycles at 1.5 C. Importantly, in situ micro‐Raman investigation verifies the effectively reduced polysulfides shuttling from sulfur cathode to lithium anode, which shows the greatly suppressed shuttle effect by the polar‐functional binder. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis into the discharge intermediates upon battery cycling reveals that the hydrophilic binder endows the sulfur electrodes with multidimensional Li‐O, Li‐N, and S‐O interactions with sulfur species to effectively mitigate lithium polysulfide dissolution, which is theoretically confirmed by density‐functional theory calculations.
Antibiotic use patterns in endoscopic sinus surgery: a survey of the American Rhinologic Society membership
Authors: Fang Christina H. , Fastenberg Judd H. , Fried Marvin P. , Jerschow Elina , Akbar Nadeem A. , Abuzeid Waleed M. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundThere is a paucity of data supporting antibiotic use in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The objective of this study is to determine perioperative antibiotic use patterns and factors which influence use in ESS.MethodsAn online‐based survey was distributed to members of the American Rhinologic Society (ARS). Outcomes included timing of perioperative antibiotic use, practice environment, years of experience, and patient factors that influenced antibiotic use.ResultsThere were 204 responses (response rate 18.3%); 36.8% of respondents were in academic positions, 32.8% were in private practice, and 30.4% were in academic‐affiliated private practice; 20.6% routinely gave preoperative antibiotics, most commonly to reduce bacterial burden (59.5%) and mucosal inflammation (59.5%); 54.4% routinely gave intraoperative antibiotics, most commonly to reduce the risk of postoperative infection (63.1%); 62.3% routinely gave postoperative antibiotics, citing the need to reduce the risk of postoperative infection (75.6%). Diagnosis influenced postoperative antibiotic use in 63.0%. Preoperative antibiotics were more likely to be prescribed by respondents with more than 5 years of experience (odds ratio [OR] 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 8.54; p = 0.043). Compared to private practitioners, academicians were more likely to give intraoperative antibiotics (OR 2.68; 95% CI, 1.39 to 5.17; p = 0.003), but not preoperative or postoperative antibiotics. Use of nonabsorbable packing was significantly associated with use of postoperative antibiotics (OR 2.01; 95% CI, 1.07 to 3.77; p = 0.031).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the significant variation in perioperative antibiotic use among otolaryngologists. These results provide support for the establishment of evidence‐based practice guidelines for perioperative antibiotic use in ESS.
Vernetzung/Massenspektrometrie zur Untersuchung von Proteinstrukturen und Protein‐Protein‐Wechselwirkungen: Wo stehen wir und welchen Weg wollen wir einschlagen?
Authors: Sinz Andrea 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDie strukturelle Massenspektrometrie (MS) gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung für die Ableitung dreidimensionaler Strukturinformationen von Proteinen und Proteinkomplexen. Sie findet immer breitere Anwendung als komplementäre Methode zur NMR‐Spektroskopie oder Röntgenkristallographie. Der Begriff “strukturelle MS” vereint unterschiedliche MS‐basierte Ansätze, wie Wasserstoff‐Deuterium‐Austausch, native MS, Ionenmobilitätsspektroskopie, Proteinmarkierung und Vernetzung/MS, die zum Ziel haben, grundlegende Fragen der Strukturbiologie zu beantworten. In diesem Kurzaufsatz soll vorrangig auf die Kombination der chemischen Vernetzung mit MS eingegangen werden. Mit dieser Technik werden zum einen Informationen zur Tertiärstruktur von Proteinen erhalten, zum anderen können Protein‐Interaktionsnetzwerke in vitro und in vivo aufgeklärt werden. Vernetzung/MS stellt momentan einen der vielversprechendsten Ansätze dar, um Strukturinformationen sowohl von sehr großen Proteinen als auch von transienten Komplexen und intrinsisch ungeordneten Proteinen zu gewinnen.
Ultrathin FeOOH Nanolayers with Abundant Oxygen Vacancies on BiVO4 Photoanodes for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Beibei , Wang Lei , Zhang Yajun , Ding Yong , Bi Yingpu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising method for storing solar energy in the form of hydrogen fuel, but it is greatly hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a facile solution impregnation method is developed for growing ultrathin (2 nm) highly crystalline β‐FeOOH nanolayers with abundant oxygen vacancies on BiVO4 photoanodes. These exhibited a remarkable photocurrent density of 4.3 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), AM 1.5 G), which is approximately two times higher than that of amorphous FeOOH fabricated by electrodeposition. Systematic studies reveal that the excellent PEC activity should be attributed to their ultrathin crystalline structure and abundant oxygen vacancies, which could effectively facilitate the hole transport/trapping and provide more active sites for water oxidation.
A Non‐Heme Iron Photocatalyst for Light‐Driven Aerobic Oxidation of Methanol
Authors: Chen Juan , Stepanovic Stepan , Draksharapu Apparao , Gruden Maja , Browne Wesley R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNon‐heme (L)FeIII and (L)FeIII‐O‐FeIII(L) complexes (L=1,1‐di(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐N,N‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)ethan‐1‐amine) underwent reduction under irradiation to the FeII state with concomitant oxidation of methanol to methanal, without the need for a secondary photosensitizer. Spectroscopic and DFT studies support a mechanism in which irradiation results in charge‐transfer excitation of a FeIII−μ‐O−FeIII complex to generate [(L)FeIV=O]2+ (observed transiently during irradiation in acetonitrile), and an equivalent of (L)FeII. Under aerobic conditions, irradiation accelerates reoxidation from the FeII to the FeIII state with O2, thus closing the cycle of methanol oxidation to methanal.
In Vivo EPR Characterization of Semi‐Synthetic [FeFe] Hydrogenases
Authors: Mészáros Lívia S. , Németh Brigitta , Esmieu Charlène , Ceccaldi Pierre , Berggren Gustav 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEPR spectroscopy reveals the formation of two different semi‐synthetic hydrogenases in vivo. [FeFe] hydrogenases are metalloenzymes that catalyze the interconversion of molecular hydrogen and protons. The reaction is catalyzed by the H‐cluster, consisting of a canonical iron–sulfur cluster and an organometallic [2Fe] subsite. It was recently shown that the enzyme can be reconstituted with synthetic cofactors mimicking the composition of the [2Fe] subsite, resulting in semi‐synthetic hydrogenases. Herein, we employ EPR spectroscopy to monitor the formation of two such semi‐synthetic enzymes in whole cells. The study provides the first spectroscopic characterization of semi‐synthetic hydrogenases in vivo, and the observation of two different oxidized states of the H‐cluster under intracellular conditions. Moreover, these findings underscore how synthetic chemistry can be a powerful tool for manipulation and examination of the hydrogenase enzyme under in vivo conditions.
Governance and Finance: Availability of Community and Social Development Infrastructures in Rural China
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Bingqin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article studies the causes for unequal access to rural community and social development infrastructures in China. We use a dataset in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2012), the National Baseline Survey of Communities, to examine the availability of four types of infrastructures: public transportation, sanitation, health care and aged care. Three hundred and seven villages are included in this study. The findings suggest that the primary funder of infrastructures and the status of village governance have impacts on the unequal availability of rural infrastructures. The effects vary by the type of infrastructures under discussion. This is the first attempt to combine planning, finance and governance factors in explaining rural infrastructure availability. It has strong policy implications and shed important light on state–society relations and the urbanisation trends in China.
Generalised Probabilistic Control Design for Uncertain Stochastic Control Systems
Authors: Herzallah Randa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper a novel generalised fully probabilistic controller design for the minimisation of the Kullback‐Leibler divergence between the actual joint probability density function (pdf) of the closed loop control system, and an ideal joint pdf is presented for a linear Gaussian uncertain class of stochastic systems. A single layer neural network is used to approximate the probability density function of the system dynamics. The generalised probabilistic control law is obtained by solving the recurrence equation of dynamic programming to the fully probabilistic design control problem while taking into consideration the dependency of the parameters of the estimated probability density function of the system dynamics on the input values. It is shown to be of the class of cautious type controllers which accurately minimises the value of the Kullback‐Leibler divergence without disregarding the variance of the model prediction as an element to be minimised. Comparison of theoretical and numerical results obtained from the F‐16 fighter aircraft application with existing state‐of‐the‐art demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
L∞ Observer for Uncertain Linear Systems
Authors: Han Weixin , Wang Zhenhua , Shen Yi , Qi Juntong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper, an L∞ observer design method is proposed for linear system subject to parameter uncertainty and bounded disturbance. The proposed L∞ observer, which satisfies a peak‐to‐peak disturbances attenuation performance, is designed to overbound the estimation error. Moreover, sufficient conditions for the design of L∞ observer are derived and expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The novelty of the proposed method is that we develop an L∞ observer that not only can attenuate bounded disturbance but also provides an upper bound of estimation error norm. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Hierarchical Model Predictive Control for Parallel Hybrid Electrical Vehicles
Authors: Fu Jiangtao , Song Shuzhong , Fu Zhumu , Ma Jianwei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOne purpose of the control strategy for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is to control the state of charge (SOC) of the battery to achieve a maximum powertrain efficiency. Because of the nonlinearity of the powertrain, the control strategy should implement nonlinear optimization in real time. This paper presents a new hierarchical optimal control design to execute real‐time optimization on the basis of a model predictive control concept. The proposed control architecture suggests a two‐layer control subjected to the related constraints according to the changing rate of different parameters. The prime controller optimizes the best trajectory of the state of charge according to the load detected by a load prediction module, while the second controller will apply the output signal from the prime controller along with the signal from the prediction module and the driver inputs to control the powertrain. Additionally, a new methodology to predict the future load imposed on the wheels is introduced. Through simulation and experiment results, it is shown that the proposed prediction control can effectively reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emission.