bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target Acquisition and the Crowd Actor
Authors: Bigham Jeffrey P , Wobbrock Jacob O , Lasecki Walter S 
Published: February 2016

Work in human-computer interaction has generally assumed either a single user or a group of users working together in a shared virtual space. Recent crowd-powered systems use a different model in which a dynamic group of individuals (the crowd) collectively form a single actor that responds to real-time performance tasks, e.g., controlling an on-screen character, driving a robot, or operating an existing desktop interface. In this paper, we introduce the idea of the crowd actor as a way to model coordination strategies and resulting collective performance, and discuss how the crowd actor is influenced not only by the domain on which it is asked to operate but also by the personality endowed to it by algorithms used to combine the inputs of constituent participants. Nowhere is the focus on the individual performer more finely resolved than in the study of the human psychomotor system, a mainstay topic in psychology that, largely owing to Fitts' law, also has a legacy in HCI. Therefore, we explored our notion of a crowd actor by modeling the crowd as a individual motor system performing pointing tasks. We combined the input of 200 participants in a controlled offline experiment to demonstrate the inherent trade-offs between speed and errors based on personality, the number of constituent individuals, and the mechanism used to distribute work across the group. Finally, 10 workers participated in a synchronous experiment to explore how the crowd actor responds in a real online setting. This work contributes to the beginning of a predictive science for the general crowd actor model.
DE LA GEOGRAFÍA DEL TURISMO AL ANÁLISIS TERRITORIAL DEL TURISMO: EL RASTRO EN COSTA RICA
Authors: Morera Beita Carlos Manuel , Miranda Álvarez Pablo 
Published: February 2016

<p><span>La actividad turística ha sido objeto de estudio por parte de los geógrafos desde el siglo XIX en un <span>inicio desde una perspectiva corológica, no obstante, es a partir de mediados del siglo XX que el <span>fenómeno turístico se aborda desde un enfoque sistémico, con las investigaciones de Christaller, <span>Butler, Vera, Hall y Page, entre otros. Lo anterior genera los cimientos de la Geografía del turismo,<br /><span>que aborda diferentes aspectos relacionados con la actividad turística desde una perspectiva terri<span>torial como se expandido en los últimos tiempos. Este artículo analiza las investigaciones realizada <span>por los geógrafos dedicados a la investigación de la actividad turística en Costa Rica, especialmente <span>considerando lo publicado en la Revista Geográfia de América Central, que es la principal fuente <span> de divulgación de los resultados de investigaciones realizadas en este campo de estudio. Como <span>metodología se realiza un inventario de los artículos publicados en dicha revista que abordan la <span>temática y analiza el abordaje aplicado.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br /></span>FROM TOURISM GEOGRAPHY TO THE SPACE TOURISM ANALYSIS: THE TRACE IN COSTA RICA</p><p><span><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></span></p><p><span><strong> </strong><br /><span>Tourism has been studied by geographers since the 19<span>th <span>century. At the beginning, this study was <span>made from the corological perspective; however, it is from the middle of the 20<span>th <span>century that <span>the tourism activity has been analyzed by using a systemic approach -with the Christaller, Butler, <span>Vera, Hall and Page studies. This has created the fundamentals of current Tourism Geography,<br /><span>which deals with different aspects of tourism from a regional perspective as it has increased in <span>the last century. This article reviews research conducted by geographers dedicated to researching <span>tourism in Costa Rica, especially considering what has been published in the <span><em>Revista Geográfia </em><span><em>de América Central </em><span>(Central American Geographical Journal), which is the main source to share <span>the results of research made in this fild of study in region. An inventory of the articles published <span>in this journal –which cover this topic and analyze the perspective used, has been the methodology <span>used in this article.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p> </p><p><span><span><br /></span></span></p>
DELIMITACIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE UNIDADES GEOLÓGICAS A PARTIR DEL MODELADO NUMÉRICO DEL TERRENO EN EL DISTRITO DE JUAN VIÑAS, CARTAGO
Authors: Zúñiga Mora Héctor , Ramírez Granados Pablo 
Published: February 2016

<p>Se delimitan las unidades geológicas del distrito de Juan Viñas a partir del uso de modelado numérico del terreno como una forma de zonificar el área de estudio. Dicho modelado implicó el uso de curvas de nivel vectoriales para la creación del MED el cual sirvió como base para el modelo de sombras sobre el cual se delinearon las unidades Adicionalmente se realizaron ensayos, recolección de muestras macroscópicas para descripción básica y para sección delgada, para establecer la naturaleza petrográfica de los materiales litológicos encontrados. Fueron propuestas diez unidades geológicas asociadas principalmente a coladas lávicas de origen diverso, identificándose flujos generados a partir de un único punto de emisión, emisiones lineales a través de figuras o domos de forma subcónicas. Estas unidades son cubiertas por depósitos superficiales que podrían corresponder con depósitos de ceniza meteorizados. También han sido identificadas unidades de valles y terrazas aluviales, escarpes de posible origen tectónico y depósitos de flujos en masa.</p><p> </p><p>SETTING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGICAL UNITS FROM LAND NUMERICAL MODEL IN THE DISTRICT OF JUAN VIÑAS, CARTAGO</p><p><em><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></em><br /> Geological units of the district of Juan Viñas were established based on the use of a land numerical modeling as a form of zoning the studying area. Such modeling involved the use of vector contour lines to create the MED which served as the basis for the shaded relief map where the geological<br /> units were delimited. Additionally, some tests and sample collection for the basic macroscopic description and thin sections were performed in order to establish the petrographic nature of the lithological materials that were found. Ten geological units mainly related to lava flws, thus identifying flws generated from a single point of emission, lineal emissions through cracks or subcon<br /> ical domes were suggested. These units were covered with surface deposits that may correspond to wheathered ash deposits. Valley units and alluvial terraces, possible tectonic scarps and massive flow deposits have been also identifid.</p><p> </p><p><span><br /></span></p>
INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN DE LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR: EXPERIENCIA DESDE LA ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS GEOGRÁFICAS, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL
Authors: Araya-Ramírez Iliana , Quirós-Arias Lilliam , Ruiz-Hernández Amalia 
Published: February 2016

<p>El presente artículo presenta la experiencia de la internacionalización y cooperación internacional que se analiza a partir de tres componentes: los instrumentos para la cooperación, las actividades académicas que favorecen la internacionalización y los productos y resultados académicos a partir de las actividades conjuntas. La metodología implicó el uso de fuentes orales como escritas, principalmente los archivos documentales de la ECG. Desde su institucionalización la disciplina Geográfica tiene una impronta en los procesos de internacionalización; en los últimos años los esfuerzos de cooperación internacional desde la Universidad Nacional, ha favorecido el desarrollo de una geografía robusta y actualizada en los nuevos enfoques teóricos metodológicos, con universidades de gran prestigio en Latinoamérica: Brasil, México, Argentina, Chile, Colombia y la tradicional cooperación con países como Estados Unidos, España y Canadá.</p><p>GLOBALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: EXPERIENCE OF THE SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHIC SCIENCES, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, COSTA RICA</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br /> The experience of globalization and international cooperation is analyzed based on three indicators: tools for cooperation, academic activities, and the products and academic results from joint activities. In the School of Geographical Sciences at the National University (UNA), Geography has had a footprint in the process of globalization. The international cooperation efforts by the National University have promoted the development of a solid and updated geography in the new theoretical and methodological approaches along with prestigious universities from Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, as well as the traditional cooperation with countries such as the United States, Canada and Spain.</p><p> </p><p><span><br /></span></p>
A TEORIA GEOSSISTÊMICA NA PESQUISA GEOMORFOLÓGICA: UMA ABORDAGEM TEÓRICO-CONCEITUAL
Authors: Lima-dos Santos Caio , Girão Osvaldo 
Published: February 2016

<p>A teoria geossistêmica está fortemente inserida na geográfica física, sobretudo no campo da pesquisa geomorfológica. Essa teoria busca realizar suas analises através da relação de causa e efeitos dos elementos que compõe o sistema terrestre, bem como tenta explicar como esses elementos se materializam no tempo e no espaço. Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma discussão teórica e conceitual sobre a teoria geossistêmica e seu desenvolvimento dentro da pesquisa geomorfológica, fazendo assim uma reflexão sobre o potencial e as fragilidades apresentadas por essa teoria. Destaca-se, portanto, a importância dessa teoria para orientar a ocupação territorial, considerando os atributos físico-ambientais e sua dinâmica, com intuito estabelecer uma ação humana menos onerosa à natureza e a sociedade que faz uso desses espaços.</p><p>THE GEOSYSTEMIC THEORY IN GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH: A THEORETICAL-CONCEPTUAL APPROACH</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br /> The geosystemic theory is strongly embedded in Physical Geography, especially in the field of geomorphological research. This theory seeks to accomplish its analysis through the cause-effect relation of the elements that compose the Earth system, and it also attempts to explain how these elements are materialized in time and space. This article aims at making a theoretical and conceptual discussion on geosystemic theory and its development within the geomorphological research, thus making a reflection on the potential and weaknesses presented by this theory. We emphasize; however, the importance of this theory to guide land occupation considering the physical and environmental attributes and its dynamics in order to establish a less onerous nature and human society action that use these spaces.</p><p><span><br /></span></p>
LINEAMIENTOS PARA UN PLAN DE GESTIÓN INTEGRAL EN EL MANEJO SOSTENIBLE, ADMINISTRACIÓN Y PROTECCIÓN DEL RECURSO HÍDRICO, EN EL ESPACIO COSTERO EL COCO, PENÍNSULA DE NICOYA, COSTA RICA
Authors: Orias-Arguedas Lidia 
Published: February 2016

<p><span>El presente documento constituye la continuación del artículo denominado: La expansión del espacio costero El Coco y su relación con la vulnerabilidad a la contaminación del recurso hídrico, Península de Nicoya, Costa Rica, presentado en la Revista Geográfica de América Central, Número Nº 50, I Semestre 2013. Se problematiza las condiciones del recurso hídrico en el espacio costero El Coco, según factores, categorías, indicadores de impacto, rangos de vulnerabilidad y actores involucrados en toma de decisiones para la gestión. La propuesta articula en la figura de un Plan de gestión integral en el manejo sostenible, administración y protección del recurso hídrico, dos programas con directrices y estrategias. El primero, referente al manejo sostenible, sistemas de control y gestión administrativa del recurso hídrico y el segundo programa, desarrolla la importancia de un proyecto que permita la reforma de la legislación en materia del recurso hídrico en espacios costeros y la gestión institucional pública.</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>GUIDELINES FOR A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ON <span>SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT , MANAGEMENT AND <span>PROTECTION OF WATER RESOURCES, COASTAL <span>SPACE IN <span><em>EL COCO</em><span>, NICOYA PENINSULA, COSTA RICA</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><strong><span lang="EN-US">ABSTRACT</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"><br /> </span><span lang="EN-US">This document is the continuation of the article entitled: “The Expansion of El Coco Coastal Urban Space and Its Relationship with Vulnerability to Pollution of Water Resources, Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica,” included in the Central American Geographic Magazine, Issue No.50, I Semester 2013. The conditions of water resources in El Coco urban coastal space are questioned depending on factors, categories, impact indicators, vulnerability ranges, and those involved in the decision-making process. The proposal seeks to articulate, in the figure of a Comprehensive Plan of Water Resources Management, two programs with guidelines and strategies. The first one refers to sustainable management, control systems, and administrative management of water resources. The second program refers to the importance of developing a project to amend the legislation on water resources in coastal areas and public institutional management.<br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Efektivitas Pengaruh Besaran Biaya Promosi Dalam Penghimpunan Dana Pihak Ketiga
Authors: Lestari Puji 
Published: February 2016

Effectiveness The Promotion Cost in Fundrasing the Third Party FundsPromotion is one important variable in marketing mix to promote the services. The promotion activities is not just as the communication tools between company and consumers, but also as the tools to influence the purchase behavior from the consumer to but the services that offered by the company. This things has done by the promotion tools. DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v1i2.2461
Ensinar língua portuguesa na Croácia: primeiras anotações de uma experiência
Authors: Souza Junior Jose Luiz Foureaux de 
Published: February 2016

RESUMO: o presente texto apresenta uma série de considerações de ordem prática. A experiência de ensinar Língua Portuguesa como língua estrangeira, sobretudo com a atenção voltada para a apresentação da “variante” brasileira para alunos croatas é o ponto de origem destas observações. O texto não traz nenhuma consideração de ordem “teórica” nem, tampouco, oferece elementos para o esboço de metodologias inovadoras dependentes de instrumentos variados, para além dos tradicionais. O que se quer, na verdade, é estabelecer parâmetros de comparação com outras práticas, a partir de uma experiência concreta que parte de um pressuposto subjetivo: o uso de recursos pessoais e certa dose de criatividade como instrumentos de operacionalização do convívio dos alunos croatas com a Língua Portuguesa.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Leitura. Língua portuguesa. Língua estrangeira. Ensino. Experiência. ABSTRACT:This paperpresents a number ofpractical considerations. Theexperience of teachingPortugueseas a foreign language, particularly with the attention focused onthe presentation of theBrazilian’s “variant”toCroatianstudentsis the pointof originof these observations. The textgives noconsiderationof“theoretical” order or, either, offerselementsfor draftinnovativedependentmethodologiesof variousinstruments, in addition to the traditional ones. What is wanted, in fact,is to establishparameters for comparisonwithother practices, from apractical experience thatpart ofa subjectiveassumption: the use ofpersonal resourcesanda certain amount ofcreativity asthecoexistenceoperation ofinstruments to Croatianstudents of Portuguese.KEYWORDS: Reading. English language.Foreign language. Education.Experience.
Burnout em Profissionais da Saúde Portugueses: Uma Análise a Nível Nacional
Authors: Marôco João , Marôco Ana Lúcia , Leite Ema , Bastos Cristina , Vazão Maria José , Campos Juliana 
Published: February 2016

Introdução: O burnout é uma síndrome psicológica, caracterizada por elevada exaustão emocional, elevada despersonalização e baixa realização profissional, que conduz à erosão dos valores pessoais, profissionais e de saúde. Este estudo reporta a prevalência do burnout em profissionais de saúde Portugueses.Material e Métodos: Os níveis de burnout foram estimados pelo Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey numa escala ordinal de zero (nunca) a seis (sempre) pontos. A amostra foi constituída por 1 262 enfermeiros e 466 médicos com médias de idade de 36,8 anos (DP = 12,2) e 38,7 (DP = 11,0), respetivamente. Os participantes foram provenientes de todos os distritos nacionais (35% Lisboa; 18% Porto; 6% Aveiro, 6% Setúbal, 5% Coimbra; 5% regiões autónomas), com atuação em meio hospitalar (54%), centros de saúde (Unidade de Saúde Familiar - 30%; Unidades de Cuidados de Saúde Primários - 8%) e outras instituições públicas/privadas (8%).Resultados: A análise dos níveis de burnout revelou que ambas as categorias profissionais apresentaram níveis moderados a elevados de burnout (M = 3,0; DP = 1,7) não sendo significativas as diferenças entre as duas profissões. Vila Real (M = 3,8; SD = 1,7) e a Madeira (M = 2,5; DP = 1,5) são as regiões onde os níveis de burnout são mais e menos elevados, respetivamente. Os níveisde burnout não diferiram significativamente entre Hospitais, Unidades de Cuidados de Saúde Personalizados e Unidades de Saúde Familiares. Os profissionais com maior tempo na função são menos acometidos por burnout (r = -0,15) não ocorrendo associação significativa com a duração da jornada de trabalho (r = 0,04). A má qualidade das condições de trabalho foi o melhor preditor do burnout (r = -0,35).Discussão: A ocorrência da síndrome de burnout em profissionais de saúde portugueses é frequente, estando associada à percepção de más condições de trabalho e à menor duração do tempo de serviço. A incidência de burnout apresenta diferenças regionais que podem estar associadas ao aumento do stress imposto pelo exercício da profissão em condições sub-ótimas para a prestação dos cuidados de saúde. Os resultados alertam para a necessidade de intervenções para melhorar as condições de trabalho e formação inicialdos profissionais de saúde de forma a garantir a qualidade do serviço prestado aos utentes e o bem-estar pessoal destes profissionais.Conclusões: A nível nacional, entre 2011 e 2013, 21,6% dos profissionais de saúde apresentaram burnout moderado e 47,8% burnout elevado. A perceção de más condições de trabalho foi o principal preditor da ocorrência de burnout nos profissionais de saúde Portugueses.
Rede Médicos-Sentinela como Instrumento de Vigilância em Saúde [Pública]
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Paula , Fonseca Rita Carvalho , Matias-Dias Carlos 
Published: February 2016

<p>Current strategies of European health advocate the strengthening of the role of public health, requiring from decision-makers the ability to defend and enhance the health of individuals and populations in all policies. In the pursuit of this objective, public health should be evidence-based and so public health surveillance, seen as an important tool of public health since the nineteenth century, plays a central role in public health practice through the production and dissemination of the health information necessary for health planning and for evaluation of public health actions. Within the practice of public health estimations of disease frequency are important for outbreak control, health assessment, health needs assessment and estimation of health gains, but unfortunately these estimations are not always available for the entire population. In those cases and for diseases with high prevalence sentinel surveillance based in sentinel networks have some advantages for specific groups, namely needed of scarce resources and obtainment of quick results.<br />The central role of family doctors in chronic disease management, their knowledge on individuals and families and their responsibilities in the management of a clear defined patients list are characteristics that make general practice an appropriate context to develop a sentinel network. In fact, in Portugal there is a general practitioner sentinel network named Rede Médicos-Sentinela working since 1989 which estimated, for the last 25 years, incidence rates of several chronic diseases, some of them targeted on national priority health programs. Thus, we consider that Rede Médicos-Sentinela can be integrated in a national surveillance system for chronic diseases in Portugal.</p>
Sífilis: Prevalência num Hospital de Lisboa
Authors: Lopes Leonor , Ferro-Rodrigues Rita , Llobet Samuel , Lito Luís , Borges-Costa João 
Published: February 2016

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Syphilis is a sexual and vertical transmitted disease. Its incidence is increasing in Europe, particularly, in Portugal.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> A descriptive, retrospective study was performed based on positive treponemal tests from January to December 2013, at the Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon. In-patients and out-patients evaluated in medical appointments and at the emergency department were included. We proceeded to epidemiological characterization, disease classification and definition of risk factors.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> We obtained a sample of 580 patients, of whom 51 with no clinical data and 45 with false positive serologies were excluded. There was a predominance of male patients (75%) and a mean age of 47 years. Most (59%) had syphilis successfully treated in the past and 3.7% were in follow-up. We recorded 13 primaries syphilis, 71 cases of secondary syphilis, 40 cases of early latent syphilis, 49 unknown duration syphilis and five cases of late latent syphilis. In the early syphilis group, 42% (n = 124) were HIV-positive and, in 8% both diagnosis were done simultaneously.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> We emphasize the high prevalence of syphilis/HIV co-infection in patients with early syphilis, reinforcing the importance of promoting the use of preventive measures. We obtained 11% of patients with late clinical forms, which are notifiable since June 2014, in Portugal. All serological tests for the diagnosis of syphilis have limitations which emphasizes the importance of clinical-laboratory correlation.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Syphilis remains an important public health problem. It is necessary to establish education programs, screening and follow-up strategies to reduce their prevalence and to perform more efficient screening of the partners.</p>
Procriação Assistida em Mulheres Transplantadas: Experiência de uma Unidade de Medicina da Reprodução e Revisão da Literatura
Authors: Vale-Fernandes Emídio , Póvoa Ana Margarida , Soares Sandra , Calejo Lucinda , Xavier Pedro , Sousa Sónia , Beires Jorge , Montenegro Nuno 
Published: February 2016

<p>Diseases in end stage typically occur with hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis disorders, with consequent anovulation and infertility. The solid organ transplantation increased survival of patients with end-stage organs disease and the vast majority of women improve their reproductive capacity after transplantation. Although adoption can always be a possibility, the transplanted infertile woman has the right to self-reproductive determination using assisted reproductive techniques. While it is known that pregnancies in transplanted<br />women are at high risk, there is no evidence of differences in pregnancy outcome in pregnant transplanted subject to technical, compared with spontaneous pregnancies. The use of assisted reproductive techniques in transplanted women is a medical, ethical and psychosocial challenge, whose approach must be multidisciplinary, to ensure reproductive success without compromising the function of the transplanted organ or maternal health, allowing the birth of a healthy child. The literature remains scarce. Three clinical cases are presented.</p>