bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where are the Boys? Where are the Men? A Case Study from Cambodia
Authors: Miles Glenn Michael 
Published: May 2016

This paper examines the vulnerability of boys and young men to trafficking and sexual abuse/exploitation globally as an often-hidden problem. Exploration of the story of Joseph in Genesis and how he was trafficked to Egypt by his brothers and then sexually harassed by Potiphar’s wife will challenge a number of assumptions about vulnerability. The research that has been conducted in Cambodia and the Asia region demonstrates that boys and young men are indeed vulnerable and require our attention. Awareness and response must go beyond stereotypes of what boys should be like to understanding their real context and needs. The paper will emphasize the importance of the Church and Christian faith-based organizations being driven not by donors or current political correctness, but instead focusing on a biblical mandate to work with the most marginalized. Further research is needed to identify exploited populations better, including diverse persons of age, gender, ethnicity disability/ability or sexuality. In addition, the paper will describe the importance of encouraging men in the church towards an authentic biblical masculinity where there is transparency and a deep respect for females and sex. It also promotes the idea of a community where boys and men, in and outside the church, can experience prevention and long-term healing. The restoration of men is needed in relation to buying sex, sexual abuse, pornography and other addictions, which drive the demand for exploitation and trafficking. This includes models of genuine father figures in the church and examples of Christian faith-based organizations that are seeking to challenge men to be better husbands, fathers and brothers.
Caste System and the Present Society
Authors: Mandal Samar Kumar 
Published: May 2016

Caste is a term which is used to specift; a group of people having a specific social rank. The Indian term for caste is jiiti, and generally designates a group that can van; in size from a handful to many thousands. The various jiitis are traditionally arranged in hierarchical order and fit into one of the Jour basic varnas - Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and SUdras. In order to understand the beginning and growth of the caste system in India, historians and social scientists have propounded certain possibilities in their religious-mystical, biological and socio-historical theories. Sometimes the caste system is defended on the ground that it is but another name for division of labour. However, according to Ambedkar, practically it is a division of labourers. Ambedkar wants to set up a society where there would be no division of man. His socieh; would be based on Liberty, Equalih; and Fraternity. If we want to establish a just society, we have to abolish the caste system. Social disorder will continue until and unless we break the caste system which is a severe stigma in our society. Indians appear to have become more flexible in respect to caste based customs. It seems that the caste system has lost its hold among the urban people in India but is still prevalent among the rural people. Yet, inter-caste marriages seldom take place i11 urban areas and most of the cases have other intentions.
Acute laryngeal dystonia: a persisting psychiatric emergency
Authors: May Robert , Al-Taie Ali , Garg Vikas 
Published: May 2016

Objective: Acute laryngeal dystonia is one of the most life-threatening medication side effects in psychiatry. It is rare and predominately caused by the use of antipsychotics in at-risk individuals. Within days of a patient’s initial presentation, several antipsychotics can be administered for the purposes of acute sedation and ongoing pharmacotherapy. In this case report, we describe a 27-year-old at-risk male, who developed acute laryngeal dystonia in the context of antipsychotic polypharmacy. Conclusion: Clinicians should take into account recent sedation and ongoing antipsychotic use in patients at risk of developing acute laryngeal dystonia. Awareness of this condition and prompt treatment with parenteral anticholinergic medication can be lifesaving.
KDamping: A stiffness based vibration absorption concept
Authors: Antoniadis Ioannis A , Kanarachos Stratis A , Gryllias Konstantinos , Sapountzakis Ioannis E 
Published: May 2016

The KDamper is a novel passive vibration isolation and damping concept, based essentially on the optimal combination of appropriate stiffness elements, which include a negative stiffness element. The KDamper concept does not require any reduction in the overall structural stiffness, thus overcoming the corresponding inherent disadvantage of the “Quazi Zero Stiffness” (QZS) isolators, which require a drastic reduction of the structure load bearing capacity. Compared to the traditional Tuned Mass damper (TMD), the KDamper can achieve better isolation characteristics, without the need of additional heavy masses, as in the case of the T Tuned Mass damper. Contrary to the TMD and its variants, the KDamper substitutes the necessary high inertial forces of the added mass by the stiffness force of the negative stiffness element. Among others, this can provide comparative advantages in the very low frequency range. The paper proceeds to a systematic analytical approach for the optimal design and selection of the parameters of the KDamper, following exactly the classical approach used for the design of the Tuned Mass damper. It is thus theoretically proven that the KDamper can inherently offer far better isolation and damping properties than the Tuned Mass damper. Moreover, since the isolation and damping properties of the KDamper essentially result from the stiffness elements of the system, further technological advantages can emerge, in terms of weight, complexity and reliability. A simple vertical vibration isolation example is provided, implemented by a set of optimally combined conventional linear springs. The system is designed so that the system presents an adequate static load bearing capacity, whereas the Transfer Function of the system is below unity in the entire frequency range. Further insight is provided to the physical behavior of the system, indicating a proper phase difference between the positive and the negative stiffness elastic forces. This fact ensures that an adequate level of elastic forces exists throughout the entire frequency range, able to counteract the inertial and the external excitation forces, whereas the damping forces and the inertia forces of the additional mass remain minimal in the entire frequency range, including the natural frequencies. It should be mentioned that the approach presented does not simply refer to discrete vibration absorption device, but it consists a general vibration absorption concept, applicable also for the design of advanced materials or complex structures. Such a concept thus presents the potential for numerous implementations in a large variety of technological applications, whereas further potential may emerge in a multi-physics environment.
Original Research: Analysis of hepatic microRNA alterations in response to hepatitis B virus infection and pegylated interferon alpha-2a treatment
Authors: Jinato Thananya , Chuaypen Natthaya , Poomipak Witthaya , Praianantathavorn Kesmanee , Makkoch Jarika , Kiatbumrung Rattanaporn , Jampoka Kanisa , Tangkijvanich Pisit , Payungporn Sunchai 
Published: May 2016

Interferons play important roles in defense mechanisms against viral infection, and thus interferon therapy has been a standard treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients. Interferons signaling pathways promote interferon-inducible genes including microRNAs. In this research, we aimed to determine microRNAs expression profiles in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro model, Huh7 cells were transfected with or without hepatitis B virus plasmid for 6 h, and then treated with 100 ng of pegylated-interferon alpha-2a for 24 h. In vivo, we defined microRNAs expression profiles in pair-liver tissues of chronic hepatitis B patients in comparison between before and after treatment of pegylated-interferon alpha-2a for 48 weeks. Cellular small RNAs were extracted followed by library preparation. To determine microRNAs expression profiles, the next-generation sequencing was carried out on MiSeq platform (Illumina®). In vitro analysis demonstrated that microRNAs can be classified into up-regulated and down-regulated microRNAs in response to hepatitis B virus, interferon, and combination of hepatitis B virus and interferon. Moreover, in vivo analysis revealed microRNAs profiles in non-responders, responders without hepatitis B surface antigen clearance, and responders with hepatitis B surface antigen clearance. The target genes of the candidate microRNAs were determined in terms of roles in cellular pathways and immune response, which might be related to treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients. Results revealed that two down-regulated microRNAs including miR-185-5p and miR-186-5p were correlated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. These two microRNAs might be represented as specific hepatic microRNAs responding to hepatitis B virus and pegylated-interferon alpha-2a treatment, which may remarkable and attractive for further study involving in the association of their target genes and prediction of pegylated-interferon alpha-2a response. Interestingly, microRNAs expression patterns might be useful for understanding the response mechanism and serve as biomarkers for prediction of pegylated-interferon alpha-2a treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Location of cerebral atherosclerosis: Why is there a difference between East and West?
Authors: Kim Jong S , Kim Yeon-Jung , Ahn Sung-Ho , Kim Bum J 
Published: May 2016

Intracranial atherosclerosis is more prevalent in Asian patients, whereas extracranial atherosclerosis is more common in individuals from western countries. The reasons for this discrepancy remain unknown. We reviewed the relevant literature and discussed the currently available information. Although the study population, diagnostic modality, and risk factor definitions differ between studies, hypercholesterolemia is more correlated with extracranial atherosclerosis than intracranial atherosclerosis. The difference in hypercholesterolemia prevalence is one of the main reasons for racial differences. Intracranial arteries contain higher antioxidant level than extracranial arteries and may be more vulnerable to risk factors for antioxidant depletion (e.g., metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus). Intracranial arteries may be vulnerable to factors associated with hemodynamic stress (e.g., advanced, salt-retaining hypertension and arterial tortuosity) because of a smaller diameter, thinner media and adventitia, and fewer elastic medial fibers than extracranial arteries. Additionally, non-atherosclerotic arterial diseases (e.g., moyamoya disease) that commonly occur in the intracranial arteries of East Asians may contaminate the reports of intracranial atherosclerosis cases. Genes, including RNF 213 or those associated with high salt sensitivity, may also explain racial differences in atherosclerotic location. To understand racial differences, further well-designed studies on various risk and genetic factors should be performed in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis. Additionally, improvements in diagnostic accuracy via advancements in imaging technologies and increased genetic data will aid in the differentiation of atherosclerosis from non-atherosclerotic intracranial diseases.
Fractures of the greater tuberosity of the humerus: a study of associated rotator cuff injury and atrophy
Authors: Rouleau Dominique M , Laflamme G Yves , Mutch Jennifer 
Published: May 2016

Background This is a retrospective prognostic study on soft tissue injury following isolated greater tuberosity (GT) fractures of the proximal humerus with respect to the relationship between rotator cuff tears and GT displacement. Methods Forty-three patients with isolated GT fractures were recruited and evaluated with a standardized interview and physical examination, quality of life and shoulder function questionnaires (Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index, SF-12 Version 2, Constant, Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, Visual Analogue Scale), standard shoulder radiographs and an ultrasound. The main outcome measurements were: incidence of rotator cuff tears and atrophy, biceps pathology and sub-acromial impingement; superior displacement of the GT fragment; and questionnaire scores. Results Mean age was 57 years (31 years to 90 years) with a follow-up of 2.4 years (0.8 years to 6.8 years). In total, 16% had a full rotator cuff tear and 57% showed subacromial impingement on ultrasound. Full rotator cuff tears and supraspinatus fatty atrophy significantly correlated with decreased function and abduction strength. Significant atrophy (>50%) of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus, without a rotator cuff tear, was correlated with the worst function in the presence of a residual displacement of the greater tuberosity at the last-follow-up (7 mm). Conclusions Residual displacement, full rotator cuff tear and muscle atrophy are associated with the worst outcomes. Soft tissue imaging could benefit patients with an unfavourable outcome after a GT fracture to treat soft tissue injury.
Upper Primary Education among Scheduled Castes: A Study of Coastal Region of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Rao D. Pulla 
Published: May 2016

The caste-based stratification of society adversely affected the equality of educational opportunities to the disadvantage of the groups like Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), as they were engaged in traditional family occupations, which did not require any kind of formal education or special training. This situation persisted through the ages and the depressed classes continued to be deprived of educational opportunities, which were controlled by the upper castes. In this context, the present article aims to compare educational status of SCs at upper primary stage with non-SCs in government and private schools in Visakhapatnam and East Godavari districts in coastal region of Andhra Pradesh. The article seeks to place SCs vis-à-vis non-SCs in terms of gender issue among students in class; management of the school; transport facilities for schools; drinking water and toilet facilities as well as other infrastructure facilities and scope of implementation of welfare schemes, etc., in both government and private schools in the given area. It is observed that there is not much difference between SCs and non-SCs in respect of admissions, hostel facilities, library facilities, computer facilities, etc., for the students studying in the government schools. However, they were not adequate to cover all the SCs aspiring to study and that often resulted in students (about 33 per cent) seeking admission in private schools. Importantly, the SC students in government schools could avail the scholarships, freeships like books, school uniforms, etc., but this facility is not available to the SCs studying in private schools. Thus, there is a need for the government to take appropriate and immediate decision to improve the educational opportunities of SCs in private schools also.
Chm-1 gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells maintain the chondrogenic phenotype of tissue-engineered cartilage
Authors: Chen Zhuoyue , Wei Jing , Zhu Jun , Liu Wei , Cui Jihong , Li Hongmin , Chen Fulin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background
Marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into specific phenotypes, including chondrocytes, and have been widely used for cartilage tissue engineering. However, cartilage grafts from MSCs exhibit phenotypic alternations after implantation, including matrix calcification and vascular ingrowth.

Methods
We compared chondromodulin-1 (Chm-1) expression between chondrocytes and MSCs. We found that chondrocytes expressed a high level of Chm-1. We then adenovirally transduced MSCs with Chm-1 and applied modified cells to engineer cartilage in vivo.

Results
A gross inspection and histological observation indicated that the chondrogenic phenotype of the tissue-engineered cartilage graft was well maintained, and the stable expression of Chm-1 was detected by immunohistological staining in the cartilage graft derived from the Chm-1 gene-modified MSCs.

Conclusions
Our findings defined an essential role for Chm-1 in maintaining chondrogenic phenotype and demonstrated that Chm-1 gene-modified MSCs may be used in cartilage tissue engineering.
Effectiveness of group body psychotherapy for negative symptoms
of schizophrenia: Multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Priebe S. , Savill M. , Wykes T. , Bentall R. P. , Reininghaus U. , Lauber C. , Bremner S. , Eldridge S. , Röhricht F. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundNegative symptoms of schizophrenia have a severe impact on functional
outcomes and treatment options are limited. Arts therapies are currently
recommended but more evidence is required.AimsTo assess body psychotherapy as a treatment for negative symptoms
compared with an active control (trial registration: ISRCTN84216587).MethodSchizophrenia out-patients were randomised into a 20-session body
psychotherapy or Pilates group. The primary outcome was negative symptoms
at end of treatment. Secondary outcomes included psychopathology,
functional, social and treatment satisfaction outcomes at treatment end
and 6-months later.ResultsIn total, 275 participants were randomised. The adjusted difference in
negative symptoms was 0.03 (95% CI –1.11 to 1.17), indicating no benefit
from body psychotherapy. Small improvements in expressive deficits and
movement disorder symptoms were detected in favour of body psychotherapy.
No other outcomes were significantly different.ConclusionsBody psychotherapy does not have a clinically relevant beneficial effect
in the treatment of patients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Immune signatures and disorder-specific patterns in a cross-disorder gene expression analysis
Authors: de Jong Simone , Newhouse Stephen J. , Patel Hamel , Lee Sanghyuck , Dempster David , Curtis Charles , Paya-Cano Jose , Murphy Declan , Wilson C. Ellie , Horder Jamie , Mendez M. Andreina , Asherson Philip , Rivera Margarita , Costello Helen , Maltezos Stefanos , Whitwell Susannah , Pitts Mark , Tye Charlotte , Ashwood Karen L. , Bolton Patrick , Curran Sarah , McGuffin Peter , Dobson Richard , Breen Gerome 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundRecent studies point to overlap between neuropsychiatric disorders in symptomatology and genetic aetiology.AimsTo systematically investigate genomics overlap between childhood and adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodAnalysis of whole-genome blood gene expression and genetic risk scores of 318 individuals. Participants included individuals affected with adult ADHD (n = 93), childhood ADHD (n = 17), MDD (n = 63), ASD (n = 51), childhood dual diagnosis of ADHD–ASD (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 78).ResultsWeighted gene co-expression analysis results reveal disorder-specific signatures for childhood ADHD and MDD, and also highlight two immune-related gene co-expression modules correlating inversely with MDD and adult ADHD disease status. We find no significant relationship between polygenic risk scores and gene expression signatures.ConclusionsOur results reveal disorder overlap and specificity at the genetic and gene expression level. They suggest new pathways contributing to distinct pathophysiology in psychiatric disorders and shed light on potential shared genomic risk factors.
Evaluation of a Smartphone-Based Training Strategy Among Health Care Workers Screening for Cervical Cancer in Northern Tanzania: The Kilimanjaro Method
Authors: Yeates Karen E. , Sleeth Jessica , Hopman Wilma , Ginsburg Ophira , Heus Katharine , Andrews Linda , Giattas Mary Rose , Yuma Safina , Macheku Godwin , Msuya Aziz , Oneko Olola 
Published: May 2016

Purpose Almost nine of 10 deaths resulting from cervical cancer occur in low-income countries. Visual inspection under acetic acid (VIA) is an evidence-based, cost-effective approach to cervical cancer screening (CCS), but challenges to effective implementation include health provider training costs, provider turnover, and skills retention. We hypothesized that a smartphone camera and use of cervical image transfer for real-time mentorship by experts located distantly across a closed user group through a commercially available smartphone application would be both feasible and effective in enhancing VIA skills among CCS providers in Tanzania. Methods We trained five nonphysician providers in semirural Tanzania to perform VIA enhanced by smartphone cervicography with real-time trainee support from regional experts. Deidentified images were sent through a free smartphone application on the available mobile telephone networks. Our primary outcomes were feasibility of using a smartphone camera to perform smartphone-enhanced VIA and level of agreement in diagnosis between the trainee and expert reviewer over time. Results Trainees screened 1,072 eligible women using our methodology. Within 1 month of training, the agreement rate between trainees and expert reviewers was 96.8%. Providers received a response from expert reviewers within 1 to 5 minutes 48.4% of the time, and more than 60% of the time, feedback was provided by regional expert reviewers in less than 10 minutes. Conclusion Our method was found to be feasible and effective in increasing health care workers’ skills and accuracy. This method holds promise for improved quality of VIA-based CCS programs among health care providers in low-income countries.
Heat stress enhances LTM formation inLymnaea: role of HSPs and DNA methylation
Authors: Sunada Hiroshi , Riaz Hamza , de Freitas Emily , Lukowiak Kai , Swinton Cayley , Swinton Erin , Protheroe Amy , Shymansky Tamila , Komatsuzaki Yoshimasa , Lukowiak Ken 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTEnvironmentally relevant stressors alter the memory-forming process in Lymnaea following operant conditioning of aerial respiration. One such stressor is heat. Previously, we found that following a 1 h heat shock, long-term memory (LTM) formation was enhanced. We also had shown that the heat stressor activates at least two heat shock proteins (HSPs): HSP40 and HSP70. Here, we tested two hypotheses: (1) the production of HSPs is necessary for enhanced LTM formation; and (2) blocking DNA methylation prevents the heat stressor-induced enhancement of LTM formation. We show here that the enhancing effect of the heat stressor on LTM formation occurs even if snails experienced the stressor 3 days previously. We further show that a flavonoid, quercetin, which inhibits HSP activation, blocks the enhancing effect of the heat stressor on LTM formation. Finally, we show that injection of a DNA methylation blocker, 5-AZA, before snails experience the heat stressor prevents enhancement of memory formation.
Biogeochemical Characteristics of Polytrichum Commune Mosses within the Ursk Tailing Dump Territory in Kemerovo Region
Authors: Межибор  , Mezhibor Antonina , Рихванов  , Rikhvanov L. 
Published: May 2016

Mosses of different species are proved biological monitors of the man-caused activity impact on the environment. This research
represents data on the mean contents of chemical elements (about 62 ones) in the Polytrichum commune mosses in the territory
adjacent to the Ursk tailing dump (Kemerovo region). According to analytical research and statistical data processing it has
been proved that the mosses in this territory are characterized by accumulation a group of elements: As, Se, Ag, Sb, Ba, Au, Hg,
Pb, and Bi with the concentrations of 10 and more times exceeding background values. This range of chemical elements has
been emphasized as indicative index of the tailings dump impact on the environment. The space distribution of these chemical
elements in the studied mosses samples has showed a tendency of their predominant accumulation in northern and northeastern
parts of the territory adjacent to the tailing dump — in the direction of predominant winds in this region.