bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling waist girth for differences in body size reveals a new improved index associated with cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Nevill A. M. , Duncan M. J. , Lahart I. M. , Sandercock G. R. 
Published: October 2016

Our aim was to examine whether a new ratio, waist divided by height0.5 (WHT.5R), is both independent of stature and a stronger predictor of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) than other anthropometric indices. Subjects (4117 men and 646 women), aged 20–69 years, were assessed for stature (cm), mass (kg), waist, and hip girths (cm) from which body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHTR), and two new indices, a body shape index (ABSI) and WHT.5R, were determined. We used the allometric power law, W = a.HTb, to obtain a simple body shape index for waist girth (W) to be independent of stature (HT). Physical activity was determined using self‐report, and physical fitness was determined using the Bruce protocol. Glucose, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and TC/HDL ratio were determined from fasting venous blood samples. A single CMR composite score was derived from log‐transformed z‐scores of Triglycerides + average blood pressure ((diastolic + systolic)/2) + glucose + HDL (*−1). Results confirmed WHT.5R to be independent of stature and the strongest predictor of CMR, compared with BMI, WC, WHR, ABSI, and WHTR. We also found that CMR scores decline significantly with increasing fitness and physical activity, confirming that being fit and active can compensate for the adverse effects of being fat as measured by all other anthropometric indices. In conclusion, WHT.5R was the best anthropometric index associated with CMR, and being both physically fit and active has a protective effect on CMR, irrespective of weight status.
Sulphide formation from granulite‐facies S‐rich scapolite breakdown
Authors: Porter J.K. , Austrheim Håkon 
Published: October 2016

AbstractScapolite in granulite facies terranes provides a reservoir for volatile components such as sulphur and carbon in rocks that are otherwise considered ‘dry’. Formed at lower crustal conditions, the high‐S end‐member of scapolite, silvialite, is a major host of sulphur in granulites. Compositional and textural changes involving scapolite reveal that S‐rich scapolite becomes unstable during hydration and deformation at amphibolite facies conditions. Either scapolite changes composition, whereby SO42− is exchanged for CO32− or Cl− in its structure, or scapolite is replaced by amphibole and/or epidote. Sulphur that is released from silvialite is deposited as sulphides within the original silvialite grain boundaries and can remain relatively immobile in undeformed anorthosites. However, increased sulphide mobility is evident in areas of increased deformation and hydration. Reactions involving S‐bearing scapolite not only have important implications for sulphide deposition and the S‐cycle, but may also influence conductivity variation in the lower crust.
Implementation of a transfusion bundle reduces inappropriate red blood cell transfusions in intensive care – a before and after study
Authors: Borgert M. , Binnekade J. , Paulus F. , Vroom M. , Vlaar A. , Goossens A. , Dongelmans D. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYBackgroundRestrictive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion has been widely described in transfusion guidelines. However, compliance with these guidelines is often poor. Therefore, we developed a care bundle for the transfusion of RBCs in intensive care. We investigated the effect of the application of the transfusion bundle on transfusion practice, hypothesising that the implementation of the transfusion bundle would lead to a reduction of inappropriate RBC transfusions.Study Design and MethodsWe conducted a before and after study between January and December 2014 in a medical–surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The primary outcome was the percentage of appropriate transfusions, referring to those transfusions that were in accordance to the patients' individual preset haemoglobin threshold.ResultsThe mean pre‐transfusion haemoglobin level was 7·3 g dL−1 [standard deviation (SD) = 1·15] during baseline and significantly decreased to 7·1 g dL−1 (SD = 1·04) after transfusion bundle implementation; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·009–0·308, P‐value = 0·04. The number of inappropriate transfusions significantly decreased from 25% (111/439) during baseline to 15% (42/280) during implementation, a difference of 10%; 95% CI: −0·164 to −0·0416, P‐value 0·001. This further decreased to 12% (45/370) in the post‐implementation phase. A logistic regression analysis showed that the chance to find an appropriate transfusion is approximately twice as high after transfusion bundle implementation.ConclusionsIntroduction of a transfusion bundle results in a significant reduction of the number of inappropriate RBC transfusions in the medical–surgical ICU. Our results show that the introduction of a transfusion care bundle helps to improve compliance with transfusion guidelines in daily practice.
Measurement of haemolysis markers following transfusion of uncrossmatched, low‐titre, group O+ whole blood in civilian trauma patients: initial experience at a level 1 trauma centre
Authors: Seheult J. N. , Triulzi D. J. , Alarcon L. H. , Sperry J. L. , Murdock A. , Yazer M. H. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYBackground/ObjectivesThe safety of administering uncrossmatched, group O, cold‐stored, whole blood (cWB) during civilian trauma resuscitation was evaluated.Methods/MaterialsMale trauma patients with haemorrhage‐induced hypotension who received leuko‐reduced uncrossmatched group O+, low titre (<50) anti‐A and ‐B, platelet‐replete cWB during initial resuscitation were included. The biochemical markers of haemolysis (lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, haptoglobin, creatinine, serum potassium) were measured on the day of cWB receipt (day 0), and over the next 2 days, reports of transfusion reactions and total blood product administration in first 24 h of admission were recorded.ResultsThere were 27 non‐group O and 17 group O cWB recipients. The median number of cWB units transfused was 1 [interquartile range (IQR): 1–2] in both groups. The median day 0 post‐transfusion serum total bilirubin concentration, although still in the normal range, was higher in the non‐group O versus group O recipients (1·4 versus 0·5 mg/dL, P < 0·01). There were no significant differences in any of the other biochemical parameters at any other time point. Non‐group O recipients received a median of 3 times more red blood cell (RBC) units compared with group O recipients (P = 0·01 RBCs), likely explaining the bilirubin difference on day 0. The median volume of ABO‐incompatible plasma transfused to non‐group O recipients was 600 mL (IQR: 300–1140 mL). There were no reports of adverse events related to the cWB transfusion in either group.ConclusionsAdministration of ≤2 units of cWB in civilian trauma resuscitation was not associated with clinically significant changes in laboratory haemolysis markers. Efficacy will be determined when larger quantities are transfused.
Genetic variation of growth dynamics in maize (Zea mays L.) revealed through automated non‐invasive phenotyping
Authors: Muraya Moses M. , Chu Jianting , Zhao Yusheng , Junker Astrid , Klukas Christian , Reif Jochen C. , Altmann Thomas 
Published: October 2016

SummaryHitherto, most quantitative trait loci of maize growth and biomass yield have been identified for a single time point, usually the final harvest stage. Through this approach cumulative effects are detected, without considering genetic factors causing phase‐specific differences in growth rates. To assess the genetics of growth dynamics, we employed automated non‐invasive phenotyping to monitor the plant sizes of 252 diverse maize inbred lines at 11 different developmental time points; 50 k SNP array genotype data were used for genome‐wide association mapping and genomic selection. The heritability of biomass was estimated to be over 71%, and the average prediction accuracy amounted to 0.39. Using the individual time point data, 12 main effect marker‐trait associations (MTAs) and six pairs of epistatic interactions were detected that displayed different patterns of expression at various developmental time points. A subset of them also showed significant effects on relative growth rates in different intervals. The detected MTAs jointly explained up to 12% of the total phenotypic variation, decreasing with developmental progression. Using non‐parametric functional mapping and multivariate mapping approaches, four additional marker loci affecting growth dynamics were detected. Our results demonstrate that plant biomass accumulation is a complex trait governed by many small effect loci, most of which act at certain restricted developmental phases. This highlights the need for investigation of stage‐specific growth affecting genes to elucidate important processes operating at different developmental phases.
Effects of Firocoxib, Flunixin Meglumine, and Phenylbutazone on Platelet Function and Thromboxane Synthesis in Healthy Horses
Authors: Burkett Brenna N. , Thomason John M. , Hurdle Holly M. , Wills Robert W. , Fontenot Robin L. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveDetermine the effects of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) on platelet function and thromboxane synthesis immediately after drug administration and following 5 days of NSAID administration in healthy horses.Study DesignRandomized cross‐over study.AnimalsHealthy adult horses (n=9; 6 geldings and 3 mares).MethodsHorses received either flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg IV every 12 hours), phenylbutazone (2.2 mg/kg IV every 12 hours), or firocoxib (loading dose of 0.27 mg/kg IV on day 1, then 0.09 mg/kg IV every 24 hours for 4 days) for a total of 5 days. Blood samples were collected prior to drug administration (day 0), 1 hour after initial NSAID administration (day 1), and then 1 hour post‐NSAID administration on day 5. Platelet function was assessed using turbidimetric aggregometry and a platelet function analyzer. Serum thromboxane B2 concentrations were determined by commercial ELISA kit. A minimum 14 day washout period occurred between trials.ResultsAt 1 hour and 5 days postadministration of firocoxib, flunixin meglumine, or phenylbutazone, there was no significant effect on platelet aggregation or function using turbidimetric aggregometry or a platelet function analyzer. There was, however, a significant decrease in thromboxane synthesis at 1 hour and 5 days postadministration of flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone that was not seen with firocoxib.ConclusionPreoperative administration of flunixin meglumine, phenylbutazone, or firocoxib should not inhibit platelet function based on our model. The clinical implications of decreased thromboxane B2 synthesis following flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone administration are undetermined.
Thoracoscopy with Concurrent Esophagoscopy for Persistent Right Aortic Arch in 9 Dogs
Authors: Townsend Sarah , Oblak Michelle L. , Singh Ameet , Steffey Michele A. , Runge Jeffrey J. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo report the diagnosis, treatment, and short‐term outcome in dogs with suspected persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) undergoing thoracoscopy with concurrent esophagoscopy.Study DesignMulti‐institutional retrospective case series.AnimalsDogs with suspected PRAA (n=9).MethodsMedical records were reviewed from 2012 to 2016. Dogs undergoing thoracoscopy for PRAA at 3 referral hospitals were included. Signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, anesthesia protocol (including the use of one‐lung ventilation), surgical approach, complications, and short‐term outcome were recorded. Dogs underwent a left‐sided intercostal thoracoscopic approach with concurrent intraoperative esophagoscopy. The ligamentum arteriosum (LA) and constricting fibers were divided using a vessel‐sealing device using a 3 or 4 port thoracoscopy technique. Visualization and dissection of the LA was aided by transesophageal illumination by esophagoscopy.ResultsThoracoscopy confirmed PRAA in 9 dogs, with an aberrant left subclavian artery (LS) identified in 5 dogs. Major complications occurred in 2 dogs: postoperative hemorrhage from the LS and esophageal perforation, which resulted in euthanasia. Median follow‐up was 250 days (range, 56–1,595). Regurgitation resolved in 4 of 8 surviving dogs. One dog had recurrence of regurgitation 1,450 days postoperatively, esophageal compression by the LS was identified, and regurgitation resolved following LS transection.ConclusionEsophagoscopy aided identification and dissection of the LA in all cases. Due to the potential for the LS to cause clinical esophageal constriction postoperatively, a recommendation for LS transection may be warranted. Vascular clips can also be considered as an alternative for vessel ligation to avoid complications associated with vessel‐sealing device use.
Transnasal, Endoscopically Guided Skull‐Based Surgery by Pharyngotomy for Mass Removal from the Sphenopalatine Sinus in a Horse
Authors: Radcliffe Rolfe M. , Messiaen Yasmine , Irby Nita L. , Divers Thomas J. , Dewey Curtis W. , Mitchell Katharyn J. , Schnabel Lauren V. , Bezuidenhout Abraham J. , Scrivani Peter V. , Ducharme Norm G. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo report a transnasal, endoscopically guided ventral surgical approach for accessing the cranial and caudal segments of the sphenopalatine sinus for mass removal in a horse.Study DesignCase report.AnimalAdult horse with acute onset blindness referable to a soft tissue mass within the sphenopalatine sinus.Clinical ReportA 7‐year‐old Warmblood gelding presented with a history of running into a fence and falling. No neurologic signs were identified at initial examination but acute blindness was noted 3 weeks later. On computed tomography (CT) the sphenopalatine sinus was filled with a large homogeneous mass with poor contrast enhancement that extended dorsally with thinning to the dorsal cortex of the sphenoid bone, just rostral to the entrance of the optic canals into the cranial cavity. Surgical access to the sphenopalatine sinus was achieved using a transnasal, endoscopically guided ventral pharyngotomy approach and the mass lesion was removed. A presumptive diagnosis of chondroma was made based on histopathology. The horse recovered well from surgery, and although it has not regained vision as of 6.5 years postoperatively, the disease has not progressed.ConclusionTransnasal, endoscopically‐guided ventral surgical access to the sphenopalatine sinus is possible in horses and may improve access in horses with disease extending caudally beyond the palatine portion of the sinus. Use of smaller diameter or specialized instruments, such as various endoscopic bone cutting instruments, and CT image guidance may improve sinus access by this route.
Calcaneal Fractures in Non‐Racing Dogs and Cats: Complications, Outcome, and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Perry Karen L. , Adams Robert J. , Woods Samantha , Bruce Mieghan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of complications and describe the outcome associated with calcaneal fractures in non‐racing dogs and in cats.Study DesignRetrospective multicenter clinical cohort study.AnimalsMedical records of client‐owned dogs and cats (2004–2013).MethodsMedical records were searched and 50 animals with calcaneal fractures were included for analysis. Complications were recorded and an outcome score applied to each fracture. Associations between putative risk factors and both major complications, and final outcome scores were explored.ResultsComplications occurred in 27/50 fractures (61%) including 23 major and 4 minor complications. At final follow‐up, 4 animals (10%) were sound, 27 (64%) had either intermittent or consistent mild weight‐bearing lameness, 7 (17%) had moderate weight‐bearing lameness, and 1 (2%) had severe weight‐bearing lameness. Fractures managed using plates and screws had a lower risk of complications than fractures managed using pin and tension band wire, lag or positional screws or a combination of these techniques (Relative risk 0.16, 95% CI 0.02–1.02, P=.052). Non‐sighthounds had reduced odds of a poorer outcome score than sighthounds (Odds ratio 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.50, P=.005) and fractures with major complications had 13 times the odds of a poorer outcome score (Odds ratio 13.4, 95% CI 3.6–59.5, P<.001).ConclusionThis study reports a high occurrence of complications associated with calcaneal fracture stabilization in non‐racing dogs and in cats, and a poorer outcome score was more likely in animals with complications. A more guarded prognosis should be given to owners of non‐racing dogs or cats with calcaneal fractures than previously applied to racing Greyhounds with calcaneal fractures.
Cropping systems modify soil biota effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth and competitive ability
Authors: Johnson S P , Miller Z J , Lehnhoff E A , Miller P R , Menalled F D 
Published: October 2016

SummaryPlants alter soil biota which subsequently modifies plant growth, plant–plant interactions and plant community dynamics. While much research has been conducted on the magnitude and importance of soil biota effects (SBEs) in natural systems, little is known in agro‐ecosystems. We investigated whether agricultural management systems could affect SBEs impacts on crop growth and crop–weed competition. Utilising soil collected from eight paired farms, we evaluated the extent to which SBEs differed between conventional and organic farming systems. Soils were conditioned by growing two common annual weeds: Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) or Avena fatua (wild oat). Soil biota effects were measured in wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth and crop–weed competition, with SBEs calculated as the natural log of plant biomass in pots inoculated with living soil divided by the plant biomass in pots inoculated with sterilised soil. SBEs were generally more positive when soil inoculum was collected from organic farms compared with conventional farms, suggesting that cropping systems modify the relative abundance of mutualistic and pathogenic organisms responsible for the observed SBEs. Also, as feedbacks became more positive, crop–weed competition decreased and facilitation increased. In annual cropping systems, SBEs can alter plant growth and crop–weed competition. By identifying the management practices that promote positive SBEs, producers can minimise the impacts of crop–weed competition and decrease their reliance on off‐farm chemical and mechanical inputs to control weeds, enhancing agroecosystem sustainability.
Multistate Outbreak of Human Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Linked to Pet Hedgehogs – United States, 2011–2013
Authors: Anderson T. C. , Marsden‐Haug N. , Morris J. F. , Culpepper W. , Bessette N. , Adams J. K. , Bidol S. , Meyer S. , Schmitz J. , Erdman M. M. , Gomez T. M. , Barton Behravesh C. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryZoonotic Salmonella infections cause approximately 130 000 illnesses annually in the United States. Of 72.9 million US households owning at least one pet, five million own small mammals; 3000 hedgehogs were documented by USDA in USDA‐licensed breeding facilities and pet stores in 2012. State health department collaborators and PulseNet, the national bacterial subtyping network, identified human infections of a Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak strain, which were investigated by CDC, USDA‐APHIS and state public and animal health officials. A case was defined as an illness in a person infected with the outbreak strain identified between 1 December 2011 and 3 June 2013. Investigators collected information on patient exposures, cultured animal and environmental specimens for Salmonella, and conducted traceback investigations of USDA‐licensed hedgehog facilities. There were 26 cases in 12 states. Illness onset dates ranged from 26 December 2011 to 8 April 2013. The median patient age was 15 years (range = <1–91 years); 58% were female. Among 23 persons with available information, 8 (35%) were hospitalized and one outbreak strain‐associated death was reported. Of 25 patients with available information, 20 (80%) reported pet hedgehog contact in the week before illness onset. The outbreak strain was isolated from animal and environmental samples collected from three ill persons’ homes in three states. Hedgehogs were purchased in geographically distant states from USDA‐licensed breeders (10/17, 59%); a USDA‐licensed pet store (1/17, 6%); unlicensed or unknown status breeders (3/17, 18%); and private individuals (3/17, 18%). Traceback investigations of USDA‐licensed facilities did not reveal a single source of infection. Public and animal health collaboration linked pet hedgehog contact to human infections of Salmonella Typhimurium, highlighting the importance of a One Health investigative approach to zoonotic salmonellosis outbreaks. More efforts are needed to increase awareness among multiple stakeholders on the risk of illness associated with pet hedgehogs.
Acute Effects of Foam Rolling, Static Stretching, and Dynamic Stretching During Warm-ups on Muscular Flexibility and Strength in Young Adults
Authors: Su Hsuan , Chang Nai-Jen , Wu Wen-Lan , Guo Lan-Yuen , Chu I-Hua 
Published: October 2016

Context:Foam rolling has been proposed to improve muscle function, performance, and joint range of motion (ROM). However, whether a foam rolling protocol can be adopted as a warm-up to improve flexibility and muscle strength is unclear.Objectives:To examine and compare the acute effects of foam rolling, static stretching, and dynamic stretching used as part of a warm-up on flexibility and muscle strength of knee flexion and extension.Design:Crossover study.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:15 male and 15 female college students (age 21.43 ± 1.48 y, weight 65.13 ± 12.29 kg, height 166.90 ± 6.99 cm).Main Outcome Measures:Isokinetic peak torque was measured during knee extension and flexion at an angular velocity of 60°/second. Flexibility of the quadriceps was assessed by the modified Thomas test, while flexibility of the hamstrings was assessed using the sit-and-reach test. The 3 interventions were performed by all participants in random order on 3 days separated by 48–72 hours.Results:The flexibility test scores improved significantly more after foam rolling as compared with static and dynamic stretching. With regard to muscle strength, only knee extension peak torque (pre vs. postintervention) improved significantly after the dynamic stretching and foam rolling, but not after static stretching. Knee flexion peak torque remained unchanged.Conclusions:Foam rolling is more effective than static and dynamic stretching in acutely increasing flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstrings without hampering muscle strength, and may be recommended as part of a warm-up in healthy young adults.