bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of film cooling at the outlet of gas turbine exhaust
Authors: Hu Longbing , Rao Yu , Zhang Hua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In order to mitigate the potential operational damage risk caused by traditional cooling methods in engineering applications of heavy-duty gas turbine component testing, the film cooling unit and realizable K-epsilon turbulence model were employed. Numerical simulations were conducted for multiple exhaust film holes with varying curvature and pitch-row under different operating conditions. The heat transfer distribution along the flow direction and radial direction of the high temperature wall was analyzed, as well as the influence of heat transfer under different geometrical parameters. The results indicate that for the integrated configuration of large-diameter cooling units, a blowing ratio of 0.3 yields the most comprehensive cooling effect, primarily due to the extensive spatial coverage by the gas film and the weakening of eddy dissipation mechanisms. Additionally, it was observed that with an increase in hole distance ratio for multiple exhaust film holes, cold air could more stably participate in heat exchange with high-temperature flue gas wake at the outlet of the gas film hole; thus, a hole distance ratio of 3.0 provides optimal comprehensive cooling effects.
Energy flow tracking of integrated energy system with electric thermal storage boiler
Authors: Liang Guangzhe , Zhang Xiaoming , Ding Chonglei , Feng Jiaoyang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the complexity and diversification of the integrated energy system, accurate optimization of resource allocation and scheduling has become the focus of research. This paper studies the energy flow tracking technology of the heat-electric integrated energy system with an electric thermal storage boiler. The modeling of the electric thermal storage boiler and the application of the energy flow tracking technology not only improves the flexibility and stability of the system but also realizes the comprehensive monitoring and analysis of the electric energy and heat energy flow in the system. Finally, the energy flow tracking technology is used to reveal the flow path and distribution of energy in the system through the example of the integrated energy system. It also shows the flexible energy and space-time transfer characteristics of the electric thermal storage boiler in the electrothermal integrated energy system.
Optimization design of hydrogen Laval nozzle based on response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Fang Jianyang , Ju Yusheng , Mao Liwei , Pei Shichao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To conduct an in-depth study of the injection characteristics of gas fuels, the structural parameters of the nozzle are optimized. Utilizing the Response Surface Method (RSM), this study selects an inlet radius R1
, outlet radius R2
, throat straight radius R0
, expansion half angle θ, and contraction half angle α as design parameters. Based on the validated numerical model, a response surface prediction model for outlet velocity v and mass flow rate Q is established. Using the derived expressions, the contribution and interactive effects of design variables on response variables are analyzed. The findings indicate that the outlet radius and throat radius significantly affect the outlet velocity. The outlet radius positively correlates with the outlet velocity, while the throat radius negatively correlates with it. The mass flow rate is most significantly influenced by the throat radius, increasing with its increase. With outlet velocity and mass flow rate as optimization objectives, the MOGA algorithm is applied for multi-objective optimization. The optimization results indicate that the optimized structural parameters increased the centrifugal nozzle’s atomization cone angle and mass flow rate by 1.86% and 27.4%, respectively.
Recycling drop-off centre: can it have an effect?
Authors: Xirogiannopoulou Anna , Papaioannou Georgios , Vagiona Dimitra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Municipalities in Greece hold the responsibility for establishing and organizing Green Points (a type of recycling drop-off centre), as mandated by law to have at least one within their jurisdiction. The aim of this study was to assess the recycling habits and opinions of the residents of the city of Larissa, with a specific focus on the potential impact of introducing a Green Point within the municipality area. Finally, a comparison was carried out to examine the differing viewpoints of individuals who recycle and those who do not, as well as the potential effects of a Green Point on them. A web-based qualitative questionnaire with closed-ended questions was deployed for the analysis. The key questions in the survey were clearly answered by 213 participants, providing strong indications. The local community is actively involved in recycling efforts and is generally satisfied with the current related system, but they feel that changes must be made. Although almost all the participants held a positive opinion on the potential location of a Green Point in their city, the majority of them disagreed with a potential increase in the current waste charges to support the operation of the Green Point. Non-recyclers cited time and space constraints as the primary reasons for not participating. The general consensus among participants is that a financial reward and/or fine can serve as a viable motivator for recycling. The primary distinctions between recyclers and non-recyclers are reflected in their beliefs about how powerful these motivators can be and how much they would increase the travel distance for recycling in the case of their existence.
The Nazi Study of India and Indian Anti-Colonialism
Authors: Roy Baijayanti 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This monograph is the first detailed and critical study of the intellectual and political connections between German scholars specializing on India, non-academic ‘India experts’, Indian anti-colonialist intellectuals, and various organs of the Nazi state. It explores the ways in which different kinds of knowledge pertaining to India’s history and contemporary politics were used by this diverse group of men to fulfil certain political goals of Nazi Germany. The book presents four organizations as case studies to demonstrate the ways in which discourses on India were employed to pursue Nazi Germany’s primary objective, which was to engage in pro-German and, as the war approached, anti-British propaganda in India. The four organizations under review, presented as four chapters, are the India Institute of the Deutsche Akademie; the Special Department India of the German Foreign Ministry; the Seminar for Oriental languages and its successor organizations affiliated to the University of Berlin; and the Indian Legion of the German Armed Forces or Wehrmacht. The chapters illuminate the complex entanglements between individuals, specialized academic and non-academic knowledge, demands of Germany’s cultural politics, and Indian anti-colonialist aspirations. This study often desists from using the term Indology in the context of the four organizations, preferring the more generic ‘knowledge of India’ instead. This is because Indology is generally associated with the academic study of India’s ancient past, while the Nazi authorities concerned found insights into contemporary India to be more ‘usable’.
The Architecture of Blame and Praise
Authors: Shoemaker David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Many theorists of responsibility take for granted that to be a responsible agent is to be an apt target of responses like blame and praise. But what do these responses consist in, precisely? And do they really belong together, as symmetrical counterparts of each other? While there has been a lot of philosophical work on the nature of blame over the past fifteen years—yielding multiple conflicting theories—there has been very little on the nature of praise until very recently. And indeed, those who have done some investigation of praise—including both philosophers and psychologists—have come away thinking that it is quite different than blame, and that the two are in fact not symmetrical counterparts at all. In this book, David Shoemaker investigates the complicated nature of blame and praise—teasing out their many varieties while defending a general symmetry between them—and then he provides a thoroughgoing normative grounding for all types of blame and praise, one that does not appeal in any fashion to desert or the metaphysics of free will. The many original interdisciplinary contributions in the book include: a new functionalist theory of our entire interpersonal blame and praise system; the revelation of a heretofore unrecognized kind of blame; a discussion of how the case of narcissism tells an important story about the symmetrical structure of the blame/praise system; an investigation into the blame/praise emotions and their aptness conditions; an exploration into the key differences between other-blame and self-blame; and an argument drawing from experimental economics for why desert is unnecessary to render apt the hurtful ways in which we occasionally blame one another.
Forms
Authors: Shoemaker David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Narcissists embrace aggressive humor, which includes cruel jokes as well as mockery, making fun of someone for being a failure. They dish it out, but they cannot take it in, so it seems as if they may be asymmetrical people in the humor zone too. But it is noted that there’s an ambiguity in being unable to “accept” either angry blame or mockery from others. It might mean that they can’t understand it, or it might mean that they hate it and want to avoid it. As it turns out, the former meaning applies to them with respect to angry blame, whereas the latter applies to them with respect to mockery. And mockery, it is further argued, is itself a previously unrecognized kind of blame. With these and other discoveries, the overarching symmetry between blame and praise emerges, given that each admits of multiple forms.
Grounds
Authors: Shoemaker David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins the detailed investigation of the normative grounds of the various parts of the blame/praise system. The focus in this chapter is on the grounds of two kinds of blame/praise: purely attitudinal (unexpressed) forms, and mockery/compliments. Regarding the former, recently some philosophers have been arguing that even purely attitudinal blame (for instance) can be unjust if not deserved. It is argued, by contrast, that all that these attitudinal forms of blame require by way of normative grounding is fittingness, or accuracy in appraisal. Various proposals for requiring justice or desert are surveyed and rejected. The same general story goes for mockery-blame and complimenting-praise. All that they require for their normative grounds are mockability and complimentability (both forms of fittingness in appraisal). In particular, it is emphasized that mockery’s sting attaches only to mockability, which makes it unlike other forms of blame in key respects.
Sanctions
Authors: Shoemaker David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The remaining features requiring normative justification are blaming ways of treating others, insofar as they may consist in sanctions or punishment. It is first argued that punishment is morally illegitimate in interpersonal life, as normative equals lack the asymmetrical authority to punish each other. But sanctions may be legitimate, and sanctions can harm. How can they be justified? Here the leading justification again appeals to the justice provided by desert, where desert itself requires free will of a rather robust kind. It is argued instead that the sanctions we “inflict” on each other do not need either justice or desert to be normatively grounded. Instead, all that they need is a kind of fairness in their (implicit) design. The argument here draws from the vast literature on economic games, where various sanctions dished out don’t require desert, and it shows that our interpersonal interactions may be just like these games.
The American Society for Clinical Pathology’s 2023 wage survey of medical laboratories in the United States
Authors: Garcia Edna , Kundu Iman , Fong Karen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To inform the pathology and laboratory field of the most recent national wage data. Historically, the results of this biennial survey have served as a basis for additional research on laboratory professional recruitment, retention, education, marketing, certification, and advocacy.

Methods
The 2023 Wage Survey was conducted in collaboration between the American Society for Clinical Pathology’s (ASCP’s) Institute of Science, Technology, and Policy in Washington, DC, and ASCP Board of Certification in Chicago, Illinois.

Results
Compared to 2021, results show that more occupations at the staff level had an increased average hourly wage (pathologists’ assistant, molecular biology technologist, phlebotomist, cytogenetic technologist, and medical laboratory technician [MLT]), after adjusting for inflation. Wages by time in current occupational title are significantly higher in 2023 than in 2021. Histotechnicians, histotechnologists, and MLTs show consistent increases in pay rates for a longer length of time in the laboratory. Over half (52.4%) of the respondents feel the pandemic continues to influence their salary and/or well-being.

Conclusions
Survey results call for continued efforts in promoting visibility of the profession and greater representation through advocacy. While burnout rates are lower compared to 2021, staffing challenges remain a relevant concern. Efforts to support the workforce have multiplied since the pandemic and have been the forefront focus of the laboratory community. However, continued support and advocacy are needed to increase the promotion and value of laboratory careers for laboratory professionals and patients alike.
BJS 2 - Tumour targeted oxygen-generating nanoparticles for enhanced radiotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Farrell Sian , McKaig Thomas , Gillan Tierna , Nesbitt Heather , Talyor Mark , Callan John , McHale Anthony 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim
To determine if novel oxygen-generating nanoparticles, encased in a pH-sensitive polymethacrylate polymer (SOG-01), can enhance radiotherapy-based treatment in a preclinical pancreatic cancer model. SOG-01 nanoparticles are stable in circulation and, at the lower pH in hypoxic tumours, the polymer coating dissolves to expose a solid peroxide core, capable of generating oxygen in the tumour microenvironment. Since hypoxia reduces the efficacy of radiotherapy, this particle could potentially be employed to enhance radiotherapy-based approaches for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Methods
A human xenograft pancreatic cancer model (BxPC-3) in mice was employed as a target. SOG-01 was administered systemically and animals (n=6 per experimental group) were subsequently treated with radiation (a single dose of 6 Gy) using a Gulmay (160kV) AGO HS-MP1 X-Ray generator. Control animals were either untreated, treated with SOG-01 alone, or radiation alone. Tumour size and survival were employed as a measure of therapeutic efficacy.

Results
When the mean tumour size of groups treated with SOG-01 or radiation alone was compared with that of the untreated group at day 23 no statistically significant decrease was observed. However, a dramatic 89% and statistically significant decrease (p = 0.001; α = 0.05) was observed for tumours treated with combination of SOG-01 and radiation. Additionally, Kaplan Meier analysis demonstrated enhanced survival to 65 days when compared with 38 day survival for the group treated with radiation alone.

Conclusions
The data suggest that SOG-01 may play a role in enhancing radiotherapy-based approaches for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
SP1.2 - Laparoscopic versus Robotic ventral hernia repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the perioperative outcomes randomised controlled trials
Authors: Singh Anurag , Toh Wei , Elzahed Nada , Khera Goldie , Baig Mirza , Sajid Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare the perioperative surgical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of robotic incisional/ventral hernia repair (RIVHR) versus laparoscopic incisional/ventral hernia repair (LIVHR).

Methods
Randomised control trials (RCTs) reporting perioperative outcomes and costs in patients undergoing RIVHR versus LIVHR were selected from medical electronic databases and meta-analysis was conducted under the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration using statistical software RevMan version 5.

Results
Four RCTs on 337 patients reporting perioperative outcomes and cost comparison were included. In the random effect model analysis, the duration of operation [standardized mean difference (SMD) -48.07, 95%, CI (-78.06, -18.07), z = 3.14, p = 0.002] was shorter and cost was lower [SMD 0.82, 95%, CI (-1.48, -0.16), z = 2.45, p = 0.01] in the LIVHR group but with significant statistical heterogeneity. However, the variables of hernia recurrence [risk ratio (RR) 2.29, 95%, CI (0.73, 7.12), z = 1.43, p = 0.15] and surgical site complications [RR 0.85, 95%, CI (0.48, 1.50), z = 0.55, p = 0.58] were statistically similar in both groups without any statistical heterogeneity among the included studies.

Conclusion
The RIVHR does not offer any superiority over LIVHR in all perioperative variables and it is not cost effective. Due to the paucity of the RCTs, a major multi-centre RCT is needed to validate these findings.
SP1.6 - To facilitate the consent process efficiency for high volume low complexity cases as part of GIRFT
Authors: Drmota Jan , Hossain Mohammad , Chowdhury Ashim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Our department completes a high volume of low complexity surgical cases (appendicectomies, cholecystectomies, inguinal hernia repairs and para-umbilical hernia repairs). Each case must have a completed consent form facilitating autonomous patient informed decision-making. The list of potential risks is key, currently handwritten and not standardised. Get It Right First Time (GIRFT) highlighted the importance of clear risks documentation. (1) The aim of this study is to analyse and evaluate the risks listed in consent forms for these surgeries and their adherence to GIRFT.

Method
First, thirty-three department members were surveyed for a complete list of risks for each surgery. After seven suggestions a consensus was reached. Second, we prospectively collected data from 05/07/2023 to 12/10/2023, identifying patients undergoing appendicectomies, cholecystectomies, inguinal hernia repairs, para-umbilical hernia repairs and collected risks listed in consent forms, comparing them to the agreed list.

Result
We identified 24 appendicectomies, 14 cholecystectomies, 14 inguinal hernia repairs, 9 para-umbilical hernia repairs. The mean completeness of the list of risks was: appendicectomies 42% (min: 16%, max: 56%); cholecystectomies 37% (min: 24%, max: 50%); inguinal hernia repairs 45% (min: 28%, max: 56%); para-umbilical hernia repairs 44% (min: 24%, max: 62%).

Conclusion
Completeness and standardisation of risks in consent forms is vital as highlighted by GIRFT. Current practices limit surgeons in achieving this.
SP1.12 - Who should manage recurrent foreign body ingestion? A questionnaire survey
Authors: Krishna Anugraha , Duff Sarah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Recurrent foreign body ingestion (RFBI) associated with complex mental health illness is a common presentation to the emergency department. The aim of this study was to explore senior clinician’s experience and views on decision-making, support offered and management of patients with RFBI.

Methods
An anonymous survey, with questions on confidence in decision-making, support levels, and opinions on admitting specialty, was distributed to consultants and registrars in emergency medicine, gastroenterology, general surgery, and psychiatry.

Results
189 responses with 166 complete surveys. 99% had encountered similar patients. 42% felt comfortable with decision-making. However, 35% felt stressed and 15% would delay or even avoid decision-making.
Only 36% felt they received adequate support from legal and higher management teams and 84% were not aware of a management protocol.
60% were not confident in their knowledge of sectioning. 60% did not know when it is appropriate to call the police and 56% believe there is inadequate security staff support.
74% found difficulty referring to other specialties. 49% believe patients should be admitted under psychiatry, 29% believe admission should be under gastroenterology, and 22% believe they should be under surgery.

Conclusion
The majority of clinicians had encountered patients with RFBI but did not feel comfortable making management decisions for them. There is a lack of support, knowledge, and protocols surrounding management. There is difficulty referring between specialties and uncertainty on appropriate admitting specialty.
There is a need for further research and guidance on management of these patients to increase collaborative teamworking and improve patient outcomes.
SP1.13 - An Overview of Laparoscopic Surgical Training Modalities – How Does Augmented Reality Simulation Compare?
Authors: Ludick Courtney , Rawaf David , Street Elliot , Van Flute Jordan , Omurtag Ahmet , Swealem Ahmed , Khalil Miriam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic surgery is known to require intensive training to gain the required skills and with the increasing popularity of laparoscopic surgery over open surgery requires novel and efficient ways of training.
AR is a novel introduction to laparoscopic surgical training and can superimpose digital images and physical models with the unique advantage of combining visual realism with true-to-life haptic feedback.

Methods
Compare different types of laparoscopic training modalities and assess how AR compares to the education system, 31 papers were systematically reviewed, and the findings were compiled. Results Both the available products as well as the technology as an educational modality were evaluated.

Results
Studies reported relatively increased speed of learning, improved ability to multitask, procedural accuracy, hand-eye coordination and bimanual operation in a reduced practice time and increased success rate with AR in healthcare education. One of the limitations of AR is that it doesn’t reflect the non-technical skills required in the operation.
Compared with other modalities AR provided faster skill acquisition and was widely preferred, except when compared against a human cadaver model for straight laparoscopic colorectal skills acquisition.
AR tends to have a higher initial purchasing cost but does not require the costly specialist facilities or services that cadaver or animal models do, 150 trusts in the NHS preliminary data is showing an estimated annual saving of £117m.

Conclusion
AR simulation has the potential to become the new gold standard for laparoscopic surgical training, and beyond, pending further development of literature to increase knowledge of the technology and its capabilities, on top of technological evolution to increase clinical realism.