bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of malignancy according to sub‐classification of the atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) category in the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology
Authors: Kim S. J. , Roh J. , Baek J. H. , Hong S. J. , Shong Y. K. , Kim W. B. , Song D. E. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveAccording to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) is a heterogeneous category that includes cases with architectural and/or nuclear atypia insufficient to warrant classification as malignant neoplasms. The ambiguous and descriptive characteristics of the AUS/FLUS category mean that the impact of the present guidelines on repeat fine needle aspiration (FNA) is unclear. The present study reclassified AUS/FLUS cases into four sub‐categories and then correlated them with histological or cytological follow‐up data to clarify the risk of malignancy.MethodsNinety‐four cases of AUS/FLUS with available follow‐up data were reviewed and assigned to one of four sub‐categories: (i) AUS‐N (nuclear atypia); (ii) AUS‐A (architectural atypia); (iii) AUS‐O (predominant oncocytic changes); and (iv) AUS‐N/A (both nuclear and architectural atypia). The four sub‐categories were correlated with subsequent histological or cytological follow‐up data, including core needle biopsy, resection, or repeat FNA.ResultsMalignancy was identified in 34 of 94 cases (36.2%). The upper limit estimate for malignancy was 43.6%, and the lower limit estimate was speculated as 9.8%. The malignancy rate was highest in cases within the AUS‐N sub‐category (65.8%, range 16.6%–78.1%).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that cases in the AUS/FLUS category have a higher risk of malignancy than previously thought. Because of the heterogeneous nature of the AUS/FLUS category, further sub‐classification might be more effective in achieving appropriate risk stratification and better clinical management.
Australia, a consumptive society
Authors: Rankin James G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUntil the mid‐20th century, consumption, as tuberculosis was then known, was a major cause of illness and death in Australia. Unfortunately, since then, other so‐called consumptive diseases have emerged to supplant tuberculosis, namely, those related to the use of alcohol and tobacco, and overweight and obesity.Over the last 30 years, much progress has been made in reducing and eliminating the use of and exposure to tobacco. Per capita consumption of alcohol is at a 50‐year low, having reached peak levels in the 1970s. Since the 1960s, Australians have become increasingly overweight and obese.The major objective of the liquor, food and associated industries is to optimise profits, that is, to sell as much food and alcohol as possible. The problem for Australians is that any growth in per capita consumption of alcohol and a continuation of current levels of food consumption carries ever‐increasing health risks and burdens.The protection and promotion of the health of Australian citizens are major responsibilities of Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments. They have a responsibility to intervene to maintain a balance between actions that support commercial growth and development and the health and welfare of its citizens. In this context, they have largely failed. Solutions to this impasse are only possible if APSAD and other relevant organisations and individuals are active professionally and politically as leaders and advocates for evidence‐based actions by both governments and commercial groups. [James G. Rankin. Australia, a consumptive society. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:270–277]
Saints Marching In, 1590–2012
Authors: Barro Robert J. , McCleary Rachel M. 
Published: June 2016

The Catholic Church has been making saints for centuries in the two‐stage process of beatification and canonization. We analyse determinants of numbers beatified and canonized (non‐martyrs) since 1590 across seven world regions. The number beatified is roughly proportional to a pope's tenure and a region's Catholic population, responds positively since the early 20th century to Catholic–Protestant competition and to secularization, and falls after the virtual ending of warfare between European Catholics and Protestants with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. There is bias in favour of Italy, then Other Western Europe and Eastern Europe countries, and against Africa, Asia, Latin America and North America. The number canonized rises with the stock of beatifieds not yet canonized, rises with Catholic–Protestant competition, and drops after the Peace of Westphalia. Regional bias is minor for canonization, given stocks of beatifieds. The last two popes before Francis, John Paul II and Benedict XVI are large positive outliers in numbers beatified, and John Paul II is also an outlier for numbers canonized.
Study of the causes of facial fractures in a reference center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 2003–2012
Authors: Farneze Renan de Barros , Prosdocimo Maria Luiza , Nogueira Ana Paula , Cavalcante Maria Aparecida , Hespanhol Wagner , Teixeira Tais Fernandes , Valdetaro Estela Maria Cesarino , Gonçalves Lucio Souza , Ferreira Dennis de Carvalho 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes the facial fractures of patients at a reference center in oral and maxillofacial surgery of a Public University Hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, from January 2003 to December 2012.MethodsThe data were collected from medical records and included the fractured bones, etiology, gender, and age of the patients. A total of 202 cases were identified, and 159 were included in the study (129 men and 30 women).ResultsThe mandible was the most commonly injured bone (90 cases, 73 men and 17 women) with a mean age of 33.7 years old (±15.2), and traffic accidents (75 cases) were shown to be the major cause.ConclusionIn the city of Rio de Janeiro, young men in their fourth decade of life are prone to trauma to their facial bones, especially the mandible, and they are most commonly caused by traffic accidents.
Perceptions of dental students in Japanese national universities about studying abroad
Authors: Oka H. , Ishida Y. , Hong G. , Nguyen P. T. T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeDental faculties in Japan have organised many short‐term international exchange programs to enable their undergraduates to study abroad. However, not many students apply for those programs. In this present study, we attempted to clarify the factors that discourage undergraduate dental students from studying abroad.MethodsWe administered a questionnaire survey to 512 undergraduate dental students in three national universities located in different areas in Japan.ResultsAlthough 61.7% of the participants expressed interest in studying abroad, only 19.1% of them had prior experiences of study abroad or plans to do so. Their main worries were about lack of sufficient language ability in academic fields. Comparing those who were interested in studying abroad with those who were not revealed significant differences regarding their concern about lack of language ability and lack of specialised knowledge in dentistry. Participants who did not want to study abroad indicated that they did not perceive a purpose in doing so and cited not having foreign friends as a problem. Household income was significantly correlated with concerns about overall expenses.ConclusionOverall, language ability and academic knowledge appeared to be the two strongest factors affecting dental students’ consideration of studying abroad. Dental schools in Japan can use the findings of this study to improve their undergraduate exchange programs in such a way as to stimulate greater interest amongst their students.
Factors associated with the effect of open splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Li Ying , Zhang Dawei , Hua Fanli , Gao Song , Wu Yangjiong , Xu Jianmin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect and complications of open splenectomy (OS) for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and determine preoperative factors associated with surgical effect.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of ITP patients who failed medical therapy and were treated with OS between 1997 and 2014 at the Jinshan Hospital, China. Follow‐up was 60 months. Surgical effect was determined from platelet counts and bleeding episodes. Complications were assessed including bleeding episodes. Preoperative factors were identified by logistic regression analysis.ResultsFifty‐six patients (48.2 ± 16.2 yr old; 39 females) were included. Disease course was 31.2 ± 48.2 months; 91.1% patients had preoperative platelet count <20 × 109 /L. OS effect at 1 wk, 1 month, 1 yr, and 5 yrs was in 91.1%, 92.9%, 91.1%, and 89.3% patients, respectively. Pneumonia or lower extremity thrombosis occurred in 7.1% patients. Postoperative mild, moderate, and severe bleeding occurred in 33.9%, 50.0%, and 16.1% patients, respectively. No patients required blood transfusion. Mortality was zero. Larger spleen size associated with surgical effect at 1 wk, 1 month, and 1 yr, and lower preoperative minimum platelet count associated with effect at 5 yrs (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOpen splenectomy is an effective treatment with less complications for the management of ITP. Lower preoperative minimum platelet count associated with successful OS at 5 yrs.
NHE1 expression at wound margins increases time‐dependently during physiological healing
Authors: Haverkampf Sonja , Heider Judith , Weiß Katharina T. , Haubner Frank , Ettl Tobias , Schreml Julia , Hedtrich Sarah , von Süßkind‐Schwendi Marietta , Berneburg Mark , Karrer Sigrid , Dissemond Joachim , Schreml Stephan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWound repair is an orchestrated process, encompassing the phases of inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling. In this context, sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) is crucial to epidermal barrier integrity and acidification. Recently, we found that extracellular pH (pHe) on wound surfaces is dramatically increased initially after barrier disruption, and that pHe decreases gradually during physiological healing. Additionally, we have shown that spatial NHE1‐patterns account for pHe‐gradients on surfaces of chronic wounds. Here, we show that NHE1‐expression is very low at margins initially after wounding and that it increases massively during the time‐course of physiolgical healing. This finding is in accordance with the decrease of pHe on wound surfaces, which we reported on in previous works. Thus, we show that NHE1 is an interesting target when it comes to modification of surface pHe on wounds, both acute and chronic, and that NHE1 is time‐dependently regulated in physiological healing.
Inhibited early immunologic response is associated with hypertrophic scarring
Authors: Butzelaar Liselotte , Schooneman Dennis P. M. , Soykan Ezgi A. , Talhout Wendy , Ulrich Magda M. W. , van den Broek Lenie J. , Gibbs Susan , Beelen Robert H. J. , Mink van der Molen Aebele B. , Niessen Frank B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to examine changes in the inflammatory response in early hypertrophic compared to normal wound healing. The immune system is thought to be involved in hypertrophic scar formation. However, the exact mechanism and time of onset of the derailment remain unknown. In a prospective observational study, skin biopsies were taken directly postwounding and 3 hours later from patients who had elective cardiothoracic surgery. The skin biopsies were analysed for mRNA, proteins and cells involved in the early inflammatory phase of wound healing. The endpoint was scar outcome (hypertrophic (HTS) or normal (NTS)) at one year after surgery. There were significant differences between the NTS and HTS groups regarding the fold changes of mRNA expression of P‐selectin during surgery. Postoperative skin concentrations of inflammatory proteins IL‐6, IL‐8 and CCL2 were significantly lower in the HTS compared to the NTS group. Also, a trend of higher pre‐operative M2 macrophage numbers was observed in the HTS group. Neutrophil numbers increased equally during surgery in both groups. The increase of P‐selectin mRNA in hypertrophic wound healing could affect leucocyte migration. The decreased concentrations of inflammatory proteins in hypertrophic wound healing indicate a reduced inflammatory response, which has consequences for the treatment of hypertrophic scarring during the early inflammatory phase. In a conclusion, alterations of wound healing associated with hypertrophic scarring are visible as early as 3 hours postwounding and include a reduced rather than increased inflammatory protein response.
Could the obligation to land undersized individuals increase the black market for juveniles: evidence from the Mediterranean?
Authors: Bellido Jose M , García‐Rodriguez Mariano , García‐Jiménez Teresa , González‐Aguilar María , Carbonell‐Quetglas Ana 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe latest Green Paper on the EU Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) identified the high level of discards in Europe as one of the structural weaknesses of the current CFP. The new CFP introduces a discard ban in European waters, with an obligation to land all regulated species. The fishing management system in the Mediterranean is based on effort control and technical measures, and this is raising some particular concerns about the effective implementation of the discard ban. With the exception of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus, Scombridae), there are no quotas in the Mediterranean and this regulation affects all regulated species with the minimum landing size. Under these circumstances, the discard ban may lead to an increase in the amount of juvenile fish caught, because such catches are not counted against a given quota, as is the case in the Atlantic fisheries, and thus, there is no incentive to avoid catching them. On the contrary, the obligation to land the juveniles that are now discarded and their subsequent fishmeal processing might even become commercially interesting. One possible consequence of the new regulation may be an increase in the illegal marketing of fish below the minimum size. The landing, storage and transportation of juveniles will all be legal, and this may simplify their commercialization via the black market. The discard ban and landing obligation should be accompanied by other measures to ensure their successful implementation, including the agreement of the fishing sector to comply with the rules and regulations.
Factors associated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea in older adults
Authors: Hongyo Kazuhiro , Ito Norihisa , Yamamoto Koichi , Yasunobe Yukiko , Takeda Masao , Oguro Ryosuke , Takami Yoichi , Takeya Yasushi , Sugimoto Ken , Rakugi Hiromi 
Published: June 2016

AimEpidemiological studies have shown that severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with higher mortality when compared with mild to moderate OSA. Because aging is a well‐known risk factor for OSA, we aimed to elucidate the underlying factors associated with the severity of OSA in elderly patients.MethodsPatients who underwent polysomnography were divided into the non‐elderly group (aged <65 years; n = 44) and the elderly group (aged ≥65 years; n = 46). The severity of OSA was determined by the apnea hypopnea index (AHI), and each group was subdivided into two groups: mild to moderate OSA (5 < AHI < 30) and severe OSA (AHI ≥30) . In the elderly group, geriatric assessments to evaluate physical and neuropsychiatric function were carried out.ResultsAll patients had OSA as diagnosed by an AHI >5. Whereas body mass index was positively correlated with AHI in both groups, age was correlated with AHI only in the elderly group. Body mass index and age were higher in severe OSA than mild to moderate OSA in the elderly group. Unexpectedly, no significant difference was observed in physical strength, cognitive function, apathy scale, depression scale or activities of daily living between mild to moderate OSA and severe OSA in the elderly group. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, body mass index and aging were independent risk factors of severe OSA in the elderly group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that aging increases the severity of OSA in elderly patients, even if they are physically active and neuropsychiatrically unimpaired. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 614–621.
Apixaban versus enoxaparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism following total knee arthroplasty: a single‐centre, single‐surgeon, retrospective analysis
Authors: King D. A. L. , Pow R. E. , Dickison D. M. , Vale P. R. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThere is a high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Conventional thromboprophylactic agents have limitations, such as route of administration, the need for monitoring, narrow therapeutic windows and interactions. Apixaban is a new oral anticoagulant with the potential to overcome these limitations.AimsTo report the efficacy and safety of apixaban and low‐molecular‐weight heparin, enoxaparin, in VTE prophylaxis following TKA.MethodsThis single‐centre, single‐surgeon, retrospective analysis included 506 consecutive patients who underwent TKA between 2009 and 2015 and received enoxaparin or apixaban as thromboprophylaxis. Baseline characteristics of patients, in‐hospital rates of VTE, total DVT, proximal or distal DVT, pulmonary embolism, bleeding outcomes and mortality were compared between the two groups.ResultsIn‐hospital VTE occurred in 22 (8.9%) patients in the enoxaparin group and 11 (4.5%) patients in the apixaban group (P = 0.049). Nine (3.6%) patients in the enoxaparin group and one (0.4%) in the apixaban group experienced a postoperative drop in haemoglobin ≥20 g/L that either necessitated transfusion of ≥2 units blood, caused haemodynamic instability or both (P = 0.020). Thirty‐five patients experienced other bleeding events, with 25 (9.9%) in the enoxaparin group and 10 (4.0%) in the apixaban group (P = 0.009). There were no statistically significant differences in rates of total DVT, proximal or distal DVT, pulmonary embolism or mortality between the groups.ConclusionsCompared with enoxaparin, thromboprophylaxis with apixaban resulted in a lower VTE incidence and fewer haemorrhagic complications.
Differential Association of Exercise Intensity With Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Men and Women: Evidence from a Meta‐Analysis
Authors: MOHANTY SANGHAMITRA , MOHANTY PRASANT , TAMAKI MEGUMI , NATALE VERONICA , GIANNI CAROLA , TRIVEDI CHINTAN , GOKOGLAN YALCIN , DI BIASE LUIGI , NATALE ANDREA 
Published: June 2016

Gender‐Specific Link of Exercise Intensity With AFBackgroundDespite widespread interest and extensive research, the association between different levels of physical activity (PA) and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) is still not clearly defined. Therefore, we systematically evaluated and summarized the evidences regarding association of different intensity of PA with the risk of AF in this meta‐analysis.Methods and ResultsAn extensive literature search was performed on databases for studies showing association of exercise with AF risk. Twenty‐two studies were identified that included 656,750 subjects. Meta‐analytic estimates were derived using random‐effects models and pooled odds ratio estimates were obtained. Potential sources of heterogeneity were examined in sensitivity analyses, and publication biases were estimated.Pooled analysis of 7 studies with 93,995 participants reported high risk of incident AF with sedentary lifestyle (pooled OR 2.47 [95% CI 1.25–3.7], P = 0.005). In 3 trials, 149,048 women involved in moderate PA were 8.6% less likely to develop AF compared to women with sedentary life (OR 0.91 [95% CI 0.78–0.97], P = 0.002). Women performing intense exercise were found to have 28% lower risk of AF (OR 0.72 [95% CI 0.57–0.88], P < 0.001). The overall pooled estimate indicated a protective impact of moderate PA in men (pooled OR 0.8133 [95% CI 0.26–1.004], P = 0.06) whereas vigorous PA was associated with a significantly increased AF risk (pooled OR 3.30 [1.97–4.63], P = 0.0002).ConclusionSedentary lifestyle significantly increases and moderate amount of physical activity reduces the risk of AF in both men and women. However, intense exercise has a gender‐specific association with AF risk.
Sluggish cognitive tempo is associated with suicide risk in psychiatrically hospitalized children
Authors: Becker Stephen P. , Withrow Amanda R. , Stoppelbein Laura , Luebbe Aaron M. , Fite Paula J. , Greening Leilani 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundAlthough identified as a significant public health concern, few studies have examined correlates of suicide risk in school‐aged children. Recent studies show a relation between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms and a range of adverse outcomes linked to suicidal ideation, including depression, emotion dysregulation, lowered self‐esteem, and peer problems/social withdrawal, yet no study to date has examined SCT in relation to suicide risk.MethodsWe tested the hypothesis that SCT would be associated with suicide risk in a sample of 95 psychiatrically hospitalized children (74% male; 62% black) between the ages of 8 and 12 (M = 10.01, SD = 1.50). Parents completed measures of their child's psychiatric symptoms, including SCT and depression, as well as a measure of their own psychopathology. Children completed measures assessing loneliness and depression. Both parents and children completed measures of suicide risk.ResultsWhite children reported greater suicide risk than nonwhite children. After controlling for demographic characteristics, loneliness, parental psychopathology, and correlated psychiatric symptoms, including both parent‐ and child self‐reported depressive symptoms, SCT remained uniquely associated with children's suicide risk. Results were consistent across both parent and child measures of suicide risk.ConclusionsThis multi‐informant study provides strong preliminary support for an association between SCT symptoms and suicide risk in psychiatrically hospitalized children, above and beyond loneliness, depression, and demographic characteristics. Findings are discussed in the context of the interpersonal theory of suicide. Additional studies are needed to replicate and extend these findings, with a particular need for studies that examine the cognitive processes and daydreaming content of individuals displaying elevated SCT symptomatology.
Feminist Theory in Family Studies: History, Reflection, and Critique
Authors: Allen Katherine R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this invited commentary, I address the history and impact of feminist theory in family studies, casting a critical perspective on theorizing in both feminist studies and family studies. I assess indicators of the impact of feminist theory on the study of families, consider the enduring tensions in feminist family theory, and trace 4 generations of feminist theorizing and activism as a prelude to the ways that feminist theory critiques the patriarchal family. Through texts that reflect some of my own educational experiences, I discuss a selection of articles and books that have been influential in establishing the body of knowledge associated with feminist family studies. I conclude with a reflection on the life and work of Alexis J. Walker, to whom this article is dedicated.