bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rise of a novel classification system for endometrial carcinoma; integration of molecular subclasses
Authors: McAlpine Jessica , Leon‐Castillo Alicia , Bosse Tjalling 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEndometrial cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease and it is becoming increasingly clear that this heterogeneity may be a function of the diversity of the underlying molecular alterations. Recent large‐scale genomic studies have revealed that endometrial cancer can be divided into at least four distinct molecular subtypes, with well‐described underlying genomic aberrations. These subtypes can be reliably delineated and carry significant prognostic as well as predictive information; embracing and incorporating them into clinical practice is thus attractive. The road towards the integration of molecular features into current classification systems is not without obstacles. Collaborative studies engaging research teams from across the world are working to define pragmatic assays, improve risk stratification systems by combining molecular features and traditional clinicopathological parameters, and determine how molecular classification can be optimally utilized to direct patient care. Pathologists and clinicians caring for women with endometrial cancer need to engage with and understand the possibilities and limitations of this new approach, because integration of molecular classification of endometrial cancers is anticipated to become an essential part of gynaecological pathology practice. This review will describe the challenges in current systems of endometrial carcinoma classification, the evolution of new molecular technologies that define prognostically distinct molecular subtypes, and potential applications of molecular classification as a step towards precision medicine and refining care for individuals with the most common gynaecological cancer in the developed world. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Termiticidal activity of chitosan against the subterranean termites Reticulitermes flavipes and Reticulitermes virginicus
Authors: Raji Olanrewaju , Tang Juliet D , Telmadarrehei Telmah , Jeremic Dragica 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDChitosan is a derivative form of chitin, which is the major component of exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi. The antimicrobial activity of chitosan against lepidopterans, aphids, fungi and bacteria has been extensively investigated, but only one report on the termiticidal effect of chitosan on termites has been published. In this study, we examined the termiticidal activity of chitosan by exposing single colonies of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and Reticulitermes virginicus Banks to wood treated with six different concentrations of chitosan solutions. Termite mortality and percent mass loss of wood samples after exposure to termites for 4 weeks were calculated.RESULTSHigh termite mortality (≥ 94%) occurred during exposure of R. flavipes termites to chitosan‐treated wood with ≥38 mg g‐1 treatment concentrations (≥ 2% chitosan), while <50% termite mortality was observed at lower treatment concentrations (11–15 mg g‐1; 0.5% and 1% chitosan). For R. virginicus, 100% mortality was observed at all levels of treatment concentrations. A decrease in the percent mass loss of the wood sample was apparent in samples treated with solutions with an increasing chitosan concentration, with a significant difference (P < 0.05) between lower and higher treatment concentrations. Treatment retention in wood samples upon leaching was also determined and showed retention levels of between 0 and 30 mg g‐1 chitosan retention.CONCLUSIONThis study investigated the exposure of subterranean termites to chitosan as a wood preservative. The results show that chitosan treatments at sufficiently high loadings could protect wood against termites, preferably under non‐leaching conditions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Stock market undervaluation of resource redeployability
Authors: Sakhartov Arkadiy V. 
Published: January 2018

Research Summary: Stock market undervaluation of resources was often assumed to have strategic implications. Such undervaluation lets firms buy resources relatively cheaply, but it can also constrain resource deployment. This article shows that the option to redeploy a firm's resources to a new business can be undervalued in stock markets when investors face ambiguity about that option due to uniqueness of redeployment. The developed formal model derives conditions under which stock markets undervalue resources. Those conditions are summarized with an empirical operationalization that can be tested with a broad range of strategic implications. Besides, the model provides a more complete account of resource redeployability by demonstrating the redeployability paradox. The paradox highlights that some determinants of redeployability enhance undervaluation, while simultaneously increasing objective value of redeployable resources.Managerial Summary: Stock markets can systematically undervalue resources. On the one hand, such undervaluation creates a profitable opportunity for a firm that needs some resources for its growth and compares the option to buy stock in another firm, whose resource are undervalued, with the option to build those resources internally. On the other hand, such undervaluation poses limits to resource deployment strategies of the undervalued firm. When does such undervaluation occur? This study highlights one possible source for undervaluation, ambiguity that is faced by stock market investors about the option to redeploy a firm's resources to a new business. The study specifies conditions under which stock markets are more likely to undervalue resources. The understanding of those conditions can guide managers toward strategic opportunities.
Concise Review: Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models of Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Artero Castro Ana , Lukovic Dunja , Jendelova Pavla , Erceg Slaven 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHereditary retinal dystrophies, specifically retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases affecting primarily retinal cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells with blindness as a final outcome. Understanding the pathogenicity behind these diseases has been largely precluded by the unavailability of affected tissue from patients, large genetic heterogeneity and animal models that do not faithfully represent some human diseases. A landmark discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) permitted the derivation of patient-specific cells. These cells have unlimited self-renewing capacity and the ability to differentiate into RP-affected cell types, allowing the studies of disease mechanism, drug discovery, and cell replacement therapies, both as individual cell types and organoid cultures. Together with precise genome editing, the patient specific hiPSC technology offers novel strategies for targeting the pathogenic mutations and design therapies toward retinal dystrophies. This study summarizes current hiPSC-based RP models and highlights key achievements and challenges of these cellular models, as well as questions that still remain unanswered.
Flooding threshold rainfall events in Bermuda
Authors: Johnston Michael C. , Guishard Mark P. , Peñate Irene , Currie Ian D. 
Published: January 2018

Recently, much media attention has been drawn to the relatively frequent ‘nuisance’ flooding of urban low‐lying and poor drainage areas in Bermuda. This flooding results in traffic disruptions and loss of business, with only minor property damage. More significant flooding with property inundations is relatively rare. Efforts were made to reduce the incidence of flooding in low‐lying areas of Pembroke Parish through the construction of a canal in the 1800s. However, recent urbanisation and inadequate maintenance have reduced both its drainage capacity and efficiency. There is currently no formal warning system in place for flooding in Bermuda. The results of this study may serve as the context for the development of such a system.Recent heavy rain and flooding in January 2017 further motivates an examination of the rainfall record for trends and variability in daily rainfall accumulations. A conservative catalogue of flood reports can be constructed from anecdotal reports of flooding for the last decade. The flood catalogue events are related to daily rainfall amounts to develop a threshold daily rainfall for flood events, determined to be on average 39.3mm of rain. This threshold was used as a basis for examination of the historical record of daily rainfall for the period 1949–2016, in order to assess return frequencies of flood‐inducing rainfall events. A return period of approximately 2 months was calculated for the threshold daily rainfall accumulation. Although there are increasing trends apparent in the daily rainfall accumulations and counts of days on which rain was recorded (‘rain days’) since 1949, they are not statistically significant.
Harnessing the power of data to support community‐based research
Authors: Keller Sallie , Shipp Stephanie , Korkmaz Gizem , Molfino Emily , Goldstein Joshua , Lancaster Vicki , Pires Bianica , Higdon David , Chen Daniel , Schroeder Aaron 
Published: January 2018

Volumes of data are generated at every moment as we go through the paces of our daily lives. Many of these data flows are routinely captured through administrative records, social media, and surveys. Historically, agencies at different levels of government have been responsible for curating and reporting statistics about our social, economic, and health conditions associated with these data flows. Recently, the U.S. government has proposed the use of data derived from administrative records at the federal level to support social policy and program evaluation. Why not consider parallel activities at state and local levels? Harnessing local data sources and integrating them with state and federal sources will provide timelier and more geographically specific analyses to support local insights and policy development. Leveraging community‐based participatory research, researchers and civic leaders can work together to identify the questions and execute rigorous, yet flexible, processes for building local sustainable community learning cultures based on data‐driven discovery. In the process of conducting research with local civic leaders, we have observed that issues can be classified into 3 categories: locating and describing a population within a community; estimating a statistic and a measure of variability; and evaluating a program, policy, or procedure. Through a series of case studies, this paper demonstrates the unexpected value in liberating and repurposing local data.This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Organizations and Publications
Looking at the integration of nations through the lens of the merger of populations: Preliminary superadditivity and impossibility results
Authors: Stark Oded 
Published: January 2018

Summary
This paper looks at the integration of regions and nations through the prism of the merger of populations. The paper employs a particular index of social dismay. It presents examples of two of the main results arising from the study of the merger of two populations: that the social dismay of an integrated population is greater than the sum of the social dismay of the constituent populations when apart, and that a self-contained, non-publicly financed policy aimed at retaining the levels of wellbeing of individuals at their pre-merger magnitudes cannot be implemented: there is not enough of a gain to compensate for the loss.
The effects of immigration on wages: An application of the structural skill-cell approach
Authors: Gerfin Michael , Kaiser Boris 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis paper investigates how recent immigration inflows from 2002 to 2008 have affected wages in Switzerland. This period is of particular interest as it marks the time during which the bilateral agreement with the EU on the free cross-border movement of workers has been effective. Since different types of workers are likely to be unevenly affected by recent immigration inflows, we follow the “structural skill-cell approach” as for example employed by Borjas(2003) and Ottavianoand Peri(2008). This paper provides two main contributions. First, we estimate empirically the elasticities of substitution between different types of workers in Switzerland. Our results suggest that natives and immigrants are imperfect substitutes. Regarding different skill levels, the estimates indicate that workers are imperfect substitutes across broad education groups and across different experience groups. Second, the estimated elasticities of substitution are used to simulate the impact on domestic wages using the actual immigration inflows from 2002 to 2008. For the long run, the simulations produce some notable distributional consequences across different types of workers: While previous immigrants incur wage losses (−1.6%), native workers are not negatively affected on average (+0.4%). In the short run, immigration has a negative macroeconomic effect on the average wage, which, however, gradually dies out in the process of capital adjustment.
Lay First Responder Training in Eastern Uganda: Leveraging Transportation Infrastructure to Build an Effective Prehospital Emergency Care Training Program
Authors: Delaney Peter G. , Bamuleke Richard , Lee Yang Jae 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThough road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a major cause of mortality in East Africa, few countries have emergency medical services. The aim was to create a sustainable and efficient prehospital lay first responder program, creating a system with lay first responders spread through the 53 motorcycle taxi stages of Iganga Municipality.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐four motorcycle taxi riders were taught a first aid curriculum in partnership with a local Red Cross first aid trainer and provided with a first aid kit following WHO guidelines for basic first aid. Pre‐ and post‐survey tests measured first aid knowledge improvement over the course. Post‐implementation incident report forms were collected from lay first responders after each patient encounter over 6 months. Follow‐up interviews were conducted with 110 of 154 trainees, 9 months post‐training.ResultsImprovement was measured across all five major first aid categories: bleeding control (56.9 vs. 79.7%), scene management (37.6 vs. 59.5%), airway and breathing (43.4 vs. 51.6%), recovery position (13.1 vs. 43.4%), and victim transport (88.2 vs. 94.3%). From the incident report findings, first responders treated 250 victims (82.8% RTI related) and encountered 24 deaths (9.6% of victims). Of the first aid skills, bleeding control and bandaging was used most often (55.2% of encounters). Lay first responders provided transport in 48.3% of encounters. Of 110 lay first responders surveyed, 70 of 76 who had used at least one skill felt “confident” in the care they provided.ConclusionA prehospital care system composed of lay first responders can be developed leveraging existing transport organizations, offering a scalable alternative for LMICs, demonstrating usefulness in practice and measurable educational improvements in trauma skills for non‐clinical lay responders.
Characteristics of turbulent boundary layers over smooth surfaces with spanwise heterogeneities
Authors: Medjnoun T. , Vanderwel C. , Ganapathisubramani B. 
Published: January 2018

An experimental investigation of a turbulent boundary-layer flow over a heterogeneous surface is carried out to examine the mean flow and turbulence characteristics, and to document the variation of skin friction that might affect the applicability of traditional scaling and similarity laws. The heterogeneity is imposed along the spanwise direction and consists of streamwise-aligned smooth raised strips whose spanwise spacing $S$ is comparable to the boundary-layer thickness ($S/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}=O(1)$). Single-point velocity measurements alongside direct skin-friction measurements are used to examine the validity of Townsend’s similarity hypothesis. The skin-friction coefficients reveal that the drag of the heterogeneous surface increased up to 35 % compared to a smooth wall, while velocity measurements reveal the existence of a log layer but with a zero-plane displacement and a roughness function that vary across the spanwise direction. Lack of collapse in the outer region of the mean velocity and variance profiles is attributed to the secondary flows induced by the heterogeneous surfaces. Additionally, the lack of similarity also extends to the spectra across all scales in the near-wall region with a gradual collapse at small wavelengths for increasing $S$. This suggests that the effect of surface heterogeneity is not necessarily felt at the smaller scales other than to reorganise their presence through turbulent transport.
Institutionalization of athletic conferences for wage comparison in collective bargaining in High Schools in the US: A natural experiment
Authors: Park Heejoon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSocial comparison plays an important role in collective bargaining. However, due to self-serving bias, the bargaining parties rarely agree on appropriate referents. In this respect, Wisconsin teachers’ collective bargaining provides an intriguing case because there is consensus on an appropriate comparison group: the schools’ athletic conferences. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the use of athletic conferences as referents is institutionalized beyond their technical merits. Using conference realignment as a natural experiment, this paper shows that when the bargaining parties experienced conference realignment, they changed their comparison groups. Because this realignment can be regarded as exogenous to collective bargaining, such changes in comparison groups are unlikely to be accounted for by technical factors, thus providing support for institutional theory.
Reconstructing geographic range-size dynamics from fossil data
Authors: Darroch Simon A. F. , Saupe Erin E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEcologists and paleontologists alike are increasingly using the fossil record as a spatial data set, in particular to study the dynamics and distribution of geographic range sizes among fossil taxa. However, no attempts have been made to establish how accurately range sizes and range-size dynamics can be preserved. Two fundamental questions are: Can common paleo range-size reconstruction methods accurately reproduce known species’ ranges from locality (i.e., point) data? And, are some reconstruction methods more reliable than others? Here, we develop a methodological framework for testing the accuracy of commonly used paleo range-size reconstruction methods (maximum latitudinal range, maximum great-circle distance, convex hull, and alpha convex hull) in different extinction-related biogeographic scenarios. We use the current distribution of surface water bodies as a proxy for “preservable area,” in which to test the performance of the four methods. We find that maximum great-circle distance and convex-hull methods most reliably capture changes in range size at low numbers of fossil sites, whereas convex hull performs best at predicting the distribution of “victims” and “survivors” in hypothetical extinction scenarios. Our results suggest that macroevolutionary and macroecological patterns in the relatively recent past can be studied reliably using only a few fossil occurrence sites. The accuracy of range-size reconstruction undoubtedly changes through time with the distribution and area of fossiliferous sediments; however, our approach provides the opportunity to systematically calibrate the quality of the spatial fossil record in specific environments and time intervals, and to delineate the conditions under which paleobiologists can reconstruct paleobiogeographical, macroecological, and macroevolutionary patterns over critical intervals in Earth history.
Probing the Baryon Cycle of Galaxies with SPICA Mid- and Far-Infrared Observations
Authors: van der Tak F. F. S. , Madden S. C. , Roelfsema P. , Armus L. , Baes M. , Bernard-Salas J. , Bolatto A. , Bontemps S. , Bot C. , Bradford C. M. , Braine J. , Ciesla L. , Clements D. , Cormier D. , Fernández-Ontiveros J. A. , Galliano F. , Giard M. , Gomez H. , González-Alfonso E. , Herpin F. , Johnstone D. , Jones A. , Kaneda H. , Kemper F. , Lebouteiller V. , De Looze I. , Matsuura M. , Nakagawa T. , Onaka T. , Pérez-González P. , Shipman R. , Spinoglio L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe SPICA mid- and far-infrared telescope will address fundamental issues in our understanding of star formation and ISM physics in galaxies. A particular hallmark of SPICA is the outstanding sensitivity enabled by the cold telescope, optimised detectors, and wide instantaneous bandwidth throughout the mid- and far-infrared. The spectroscopic, imaging, and polarimetric observations that SPICA will be able to collect will help in clarifying the complex physical mechanisms which underlie the baryon cycle of galaxies. In particular, (i) the access to a large suite of atomic and ionic fine-structure lines for large samples of galaxies will shed light on the origin of the observed spread in star-formation rates within and between galaxies, (ii) observations of HD rotational lines (out to ~10 Mpc) and fine structure lines such as [C ii] 158 μm (out to ~100 Mpc) will clarify the main reservoirs of interstellar matter in galaxies, including phases where CO does not emit, (iii) far-infrared spectroscopy of dust and ice features will address uncertainties in the mass and composition of dust in galaxies, and the contributions of supernovae to the interstellar dust budget will be quantified by photometry and monitoring of supernova remnants in nearby galaxies, (iv) observations of far-infrared cooling lines such as [O i] 63 μm from star-forming molecular clouds in our Galaxy will evaluate the importance of shocks to dissipate turbulent energy. The paper concludes with requirements for the telescope and instruments, and recommendations for the observing strategy.
Mitochondrial DNA suggests cryptic speciation in Prodiplosis longifila Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) associated with geographic distance and host specialization
Authors: Duque-Gamboa D.N. , Castillo-Cárdenas M.F. , Hernández L.M. , Guzmán Y.C. , Manzano M.R. , Toro-Perea N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractProdiplosis longifila is reported as a pest of a wide range of species cultivated in America, including citrus, solanaceous species and asparagus. This species has different behavioural traits that are primarily centred on the oviposition habit and the feeding of larvae, which can change depending on the host. However, scarce information is available on population studies and the natural history of this insect, and uncertainty exists about the taxonomic identity and the geographic distribution of this species. The main objective was to perform a phylogenetic and genetic study of P. longifila populations and to define whether the North American and South American populations belong to the same species or whether a differentiation process had occurred due to geographic distance. A second objective was to determine whether this species showed genetic differentiation by host specialization in South America. The phylogenetic and population analyses based on DNA barcodes (cytochrome oxidase I gene) and a region of the ribosomal DNA (ITS2) revealed divergent clades attributable to geographic distance and host specificity. The North American and South American P. longifila insects were confirmed to be genetically distinct, and the genetic distances exceeded the values expected for intraspecific variation. In South America, the population analysis of P. longifila from tomato, sweet pepper (Solanaceae), Tahiti lime and key lime (Rutaceae) hosts evidenced high genetic differentiation between populations associated with different hosts and an absence of gene flow between these groups, suggesting the corresponding formation of cryptic species.