bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the impacts of climate change on disease vectors through ecological niche modelling
Authors: Carvalho B.M. , Rangel E.F. , Vale M.M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVector-borne diseases are exceptionally sensitive to climate change. Predicting vector occurrence in specific regions is a challenge that disease control programs must meet in order to plan and execute control interventions and climate change adaptation measures. Recently, an increasing number of scientific articles have applied ecological niche modelling (ENM) to study medically important insects and ticks. With a myriad of available methods, it is challenging to interpret their results. Here we review the future projections of disease vectors produced by ENM, and assess their trends and limitations. Tropical regions are currently occupied by many vector species; but future projections indicate poleward expansions of suitable climates for their occurrence and, therefore, entomological surveillance must be continuously done in areas projected to become suitable. The most commonly applied methods were the maximum entropy algorithm, generalized linear models, the genetic algorithm for rule set prediction, and discriminant analysis. Lack of consideration of the full-known current distribution of the target species on models with future projections has led to questionable predictions. We conclude that there is no ideal ‘gold standard’ method to model vector distributions; researchers are encouraged to test different methods for the same data. Such practice is becoming common in the field of ENM, but still lags behind in studies of disease vectors.
Changes occurred in the testes and DNA pattern of males wax moth (Galleria mellonella) first generation as a result of irradiation of their parents
Authors: Rizk Salwa Abdo , Abdalla Ragaa Sayed , Sayed Rehab Mahmoud 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNowadays, the sterile insect technique is broadly used as a pest control measure. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the alteration occurred in testes and DNA pattern as an effect of inherited sterility. Full grown pupae of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella were irradiated with 80 and 160 Gy of γ irradiation. The size of the testes was decreased by increasing of γ irradiation dose. Also, the size of the testes was decreased in F1 males comparing with the size of the testes of both the parents and the untreated control. The effects of γ rays on the DNA patterns of adult male parents and F1 males showed alterations among the controls, the treated parents and F1 individuals. Exposure to radiation caused very frequently the appearance of some extra bands and the deficiency of others in the arbitrary random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction amplification patterns of the irradiated insects.
Coexistence Solutions for a Periodic Competition Model with Singular–Degenerate Diffusion
Authors: Wang Yifu , Yin Jingxue , Ke Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe investigate a system of singular–degenerate parabolic equations with non-local terms, which can be regarded as a spatially heterogeneous competition model of Lotka–Volterra type. Applying the Leray–Schauder fixed-point theorem, we establish the existence of coexistence periodic solutions to the problem, which, together with the existing literature, gives a complete picture for such a system for all parameters.
Cervical lymph node metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the major salivary glands
Authors:   INTERNATIONAL HEAD AND NECK SCIENTIFIC GROUP
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjective:To verify the prevalence of cervical lymph node metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma of major salivary glands, and to establish recommendations for elective neck treatment.Methods:A search was conducted of the US National Library of Medicine database. Appropriate articles were selected from the abstracts, and the original publications were obtained to extract data.Results:Among 483 cases of major salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma, a total of 90 (18.6 per cent) had cervical metastasis. The prevalence of positive nodes from adenoid cystic carcinoma was 14.5 per cent for parotid gland, 22.5 per cent for submandibular gland and 24.7 per cent for sublingual gland. Cervical lymph node metastasis occurred more frequently in patients with primary tumour stage T3–4 adenoid cystic carcinoma, and was usually located in levels II and III in the neck.Conclusion:Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the major salivary glands is associated with a significant prevalence of cervical node metastasis, and elective neck treatment is indicated for T3 and T4 primary tumours, as well as tumours with other histological risk factors.
The diversity and evolution of nematodes (Pharyngodonidae) infecting New Zealand lizards
Authors: MOCKETT SARAH , BELL TRENT , POULIN ROBERT , JORGE FÁTIMA 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYHost–parasite co-evolutionary studies can shed light on diversity and the processes that shape it. Molecular methods have proven to be an indispensable tool in this task, often uncovering unseen diversity. This study used two nuclear markers (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA) and one mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I) marker to investigate the diversity of nematodes of the family Pharyngodonidae parasitizing New Zealand (NZ) lizards (lygosomine skinks and diplodactylid geckos) and to explore their co-evolutionary history. A Bayesian approach was used to infer phylogenetic relationships of the parasitic nematodes. Analyses revealed that nematodes parasitizing skinks, currently classified asSkrjabinodon, are more closely related toSpauligodonthan toSkrjabinodoninfecting NZ geckos. Genetic analyses also uncovered previously undetected diversity within NZ gecko nematodes and provided evidence for several provisionally cryptic species. We also examined the level of host–parasite phylogenetic congruence using a global-fit approach. Significant congruence was detected between gecko-Skrjabinodonphylogenies, but our results indicated that strict co-speciation is not the main co-evolutionary process shaping the associations between NZ skinks and geckos and their parasitic nematodes. However, further sampling is required to fully resolve co-phylogenetic patterns of diversification in this host–parasite system.
Heritability of tic disorders: a twin-family study
Authors: Zilhão N. R. , Olthof M. C. , Smit D. J. A. , Cath D. C. , Ligthart L. , Mathews C. A. , Delucchi K. , Boomsma D. I. , Dolan C. V. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundGenetic–epidemiological studies that estimate the contributions of genetic factors to variation in tic symptoms are scarce. We estimated the extent to which genetic and environmental influences contribute to tics, employing various phenotypic definitions ranging between mild and severe symptomatology, in a large population-based adult twin-family sample.MethodIn an extended twin-family design, we analysed lifetime tic data reported by adult mono- and dizygotic twins (n= 8323) and their family members (n= 7164; parents and siblings) from 7311 families in the Netherlands Twin Register. We measured tics by the abbreviated version of the Schedule for Tourette and Other Behavioral Syndromes. Heritability was estimated by genetic structural equation modeling for four tic disorder definitions: three dichotomous and one trichotomous phenotype, characterized by increasingly strictly defined criteria.ResultsPrevalence rates of the different tic disorders in our sample varied between 0.3 and 4.5% depending on tic disorder definition. Tic frequencies decreased with increasing age. Heritability estimates varied between 0.25 and 0.37, depending on phenotypic definitions. None of the phenotypes showed evidence of assortative mating, effects of shared environment or non-additive genetic effects.ConclusionsHeritabilities of mild and severe tic phenotypes were estimated to be moderate. Overlapping confidence intervals of the heritability estimates suggest overlapping genetic liabilities between the various tic phenotypes. The most lenient phenotype (defined only by tic characteristics, excluding criteria B, C and D of DSM-IV) rendered sufficiently reliable heritability estimates. These findings have implications in phenotypic definitions for future genetic studies.
Low-temperature photoionized plasmas induced in Xe gas using an EUV source driven by nanosecond laser pulses
Authors: Bartnik A. , Skrzeczanowski W. , Wachulak P. , Saber I. , Fiedorowicz H. , Fok T. , Węgrzyński Ł. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this work, a laser-produced plasma source was used to create xenon (Xe) photoionized plasmas. An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation beam was focused onto a gas stream, injected into a vacuum chamber synchronously with the EUV pulse. Energies of photons exceeding 100 eV allowed for inner-shell ionization of Xe atoms. Creation ofN-shell vacancies resulted inN-shell fluorescence and was followed by multiple ionization. Time-integrated EUV spectra, corresponding to excited states in Xe II–V ions, were recorded. Several emission lines detected in the 39–65 nm wavelength range were not reported earlier. They were not identified due to lack of a corresponding information in published databases. Except spectral measurements in the EUV range, time resolved ultraviolet and visible spectra, originating from Xe II and III ions, were recorded. For spectral lines, corresponding to radiative transitions in Xe II ions, electron temperature was calculated based on a Boltzmann plot method. Based on this method the temperature was measured for different time delays according to the driving EUV pulses.
Of crossings, conduits, networks and channels: the circulation of foreign planning innovations within English Canada, 1900–1914
Authors: ULMER CATHERINE 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:From the early 1900s to 1914, an informal, but dedicated, group of English-Canadian actors took up the cause of urban planning, forming connections with the international planning cohort, and circulating foreign innovations and expertise across the country. This article considers such urban planning networking, first exploring the local urban context from which interest in planning emerged, then, through the use of case-studies, studying the four key channels through which English-Canadian actors acquired and disseminated foreign planning information. Through this analysis, the conscious and critical nature of local interactions with the wider urban planning cohort is emphasized.
Urinary iodine concentration identifies pregnant women as iodine deficient yet school-aged children as iodine sufficient in rural Niger
Authors: Hess Sonja Y , Ouédraogo Césaire T , Young Rebecca R , Bamba Ibrahim F , Stinca Sara , Zimmermann Michael B , Wessells K Ryan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess iodine status among pregnant women in rural Zinder, Niger and to compare their status with the iodine status of school-aged children from the same households.DesignSeventy-three villages in the catchment area of sixteen health centres were randomly selected to participate in the cross-sectional survey.SettingSalt iodization is mandatory in Niger, requiring 20–60 ppm iodine at the retail level.SubjectsA spot urine sample was collected from randomly selected pregnant women (n662) and one school-aged child from the same household (n373). Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was assessed as an indicator of iodine status in both groups. Dried blood spots (DBS) were collected from venous blood samples of pregnant women and thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid-stimulating hormone and total thyroxine were measured. Iodine content of household salt samples (n108) was assessed by titration.ResultsMedian iodine content of salt samples was 5·5 ppm (range 0–41 ppm), 98 % had an iodine content <20 ppm. Median (interquartile range) UIC of pregnant women and school-aged children was 69·0 (38·1–114·3) and 100·9 (61·2–163·2) µg/l, respectively. Although nearly all pregnant women were euthyroid, their median (interquartile range) DBS-Tg was 34·6 (23·9–49·7) µg/l and 38·4 % had DBS-Tg>40 µg/l.ConclusionsIn this region of Niger, most salt is inadequately iodized. UIC in pregnant women indicated iodine deficiency, whereas UIC of school-aged children indicated marginally adequate iodine status. Thus, estimating population iodine status based solely on monitoring of UIC among school-aged children may underestimate the risk of iodine deficiency in pregnant women.
The New Methodology and Chemical Contrast Observation by Use of the Energy-Selective Back-Scattered Electron Detector
Authors: Drab Marek , Krajniak Janusz , Grzelakowski Krzysztof P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe report on a robust method for chemical element-sensitive imaging by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The commercial Auriga FE-SEM microscope (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), equipped with an energy-selective grid detector (EsB) as a part of the experimental setup, was applied for generation of chemical contrast at low accelerating voltages, which is gentle for sensitive samples. The EsB-grid detector, conceptually adapted by us as an energy retarding field analyzer (RFA), was used to detect the two-dimensional (2D) energy spectrum for the first time. The electron energy spectrum measured by sweeping the retarding grid potential revealed thresholds corresponding to electronic transitions in the specimen, followed by 2D-derivation treatment applied just at the observed thresholds. This allowed chemical mapping by SEM. In this report the 273 eV Auger transition in carbon deposited onto the Si(100) sample was chosen as a source for chemical contrast in the SEM image. In addition to Auger electrons, we expect analogous energy-selective contrast enhancement for inelastically scattered electrons, for example, in plasmonic contrast and elastically scattered electrons, for example in phase contrast, our method, proved for carbon, is expected to apply to a broader list of elements as a general capability of chemical mapping, at several-fold better lateral resolution when compared with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
Ventral tegmental area glutamate neurons co-release GABA and promote positive reinforcement
Authors: Yoo Ji Hoon , Zell Vivien , Gutierrez-Reed Navarre , Wu Johnathan , Ressler Reed , Shenasa Mohammad Ali , Johnson Alexander B. , Fife Kathryn H. , Faget Lauren , Hnasko Thomas S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn addition to dopamine neurons, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) contains GABA-, glutamate- and co-releasing neurons, and recent reports suggest a complex role for the glutamate neurons in behavioural reinforcement. We report that optogenetic stimulation of VTA glutamate neurons or terminals serves as a positive reinforcer on operant behavioural assays. Mice display marked preference for brief over sustained VTA glutamate neuron stimulation resulting in behavioural responses that are notably distinct from dopamine neuron stimulation and resistant to dopamine receptor antagonists. Whole-cell recordings reveal EPSCs following stimulation of VTA glutamate terminals in the nucleus accumbens or local VTA collaterals; but reveal both excitatory and monosynaptic inhibitory currents in the ventral pallidum and lateral habenula, though the net effects on postsynaptic firing in each region are consistent with the observed rewarding behavioural effects. These data indicate that VTA glutamate neurons co-release GABA in a projection-target-dependent manner and that their transient activation drives positive reinforcement.
Low-affinity CD4+ T cells are major responders in the primary immune response
Authors: Martinez Ryan J. , Andargachew Rakieb , Martinez Hunter A. , Evavold Brian D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA robust primary immune response has been correlated with the precursor number of antigen-specific T cells, as identified using peptide MHCII tetramers. However, these tetramers identify only the highest-affinity T cells. Here we show the entire CD4+ T-cell repertoire, inclusive of low-affinity T cells missed by tetramers, using a T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling reporter and micropipette assay to quantify naive precursors and expanded populations. In vivo limiting dilution assays reveal hundreds more precursor T cells than previously thought, with higher-affinity tetramer-positive T cells, comprising only 5–30% of the total antigen-specific naive repertoire. Lower-affinity T cells maintain their predominance as the primary immune response progresses, with no enhancement of survival of T cells with high-affinity TCRs. These findings demonstrate that affinity for antigen does not control CD4+ T-cell entry into the primary immune response, as a diverse range in affinity is maintained from precursor through peak of T-cell expansion.
Room-temperature magnetic topological Weyl fermion and nodal line semimetal states in half-metallic Heusler Co2TiX (X=Si, Ge, or Sn)
Authors: Chang Guoqing , Xu Su-Yang , Zheng Hao , Singh Bahadur , Hsu Chuang-Han , Bian Guang , Alidoust Nasser , Belopolski Ilya , Sanchez Daniel S. , Zhang Songtian , Lin Hsin , Hasan M. Zahid 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTopological semimetals (TSMs) including Weyl semimetals and nodal-line semimetals are expected to open the next frontier of condensed matter and materials science. Although the first inversion breaking Weyl semimetal was recently discovered in TaAs, its magnetic counterparts, i.e., the time-reversal breaking Weyl and nodal line semimetals, remain elusive. They are predicted to exhibit exotic properties distinct from the inversion breaking TSMs including TaAs. In this paper, we identify the magnetic topological semimetal states in the ferromagnetic half-metal compounds Co2TiX (X = Si, Ge, or Sn) with Curie temperatures higher than 350 K. Our first-principles band structure calculations show that, in the absence of spin-orbit coupling, Co2TiX features three topological nodal lines. The inclusion of spin-orbit coupling gives rise to Weyl nodes, whose momentum space locations can be controlled as a function of the
magnetization direction. Our results not only open the door for the experimental realization of topological semimetal states in magnetic materials at room temperature, but also suggest potential applications such as unusual anomalous Hall effect in engineered monolayers of the Co2TiX compounds at high temperature.
A perturbation-based framework for link prediction via non-negative matrix factorization
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Cai Fei , Jiao Pengfei , Pan Lin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMany link prediction methods have been developed to infer unobserved links or predict latent links based on the observed network structure. However, due to network noises and irregular links in real network, the performances of existed methods are usually limited. Considering random noises and irregular links, we propose a perturbation-based framework based on Non-negative Matrix Factorization to predict missing links. We first automatically determine the suitable number of latent features, which is inner rank in NMF, by Colibri method. Then, we perturb training set of a network by perturbation sets many times and get a series of perturbed networks. Finally, the common basis matrix and coefficients matrix of these perturbed networks are obtained via NMF and form similarity matrix of the network for link prediction. Experimental results on fifteen real networks show that the proposed framework has competitive performances compared with state-of-the-art link prediction methods. Correlations between the performances of different methods and the statistics of networks show that those methods with good precisions have similar consistence.
Distinct effects of isoflurane on basal BOLD signals in tissue/vascular microstructures in rats
Authors: Tsurugizawa Tomokazu , Takahashi Yukari , Kato Fusao 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIsoflurane is a well-known volatile anesthetic. However, it remains equivocal whether its effects on BOLD signal differ depending on the types of intracranial structures, such as capillaries and large blood vessels. We compared dose-dependent effect of isoflurane on the basal BOLD signals in distinct cerebral structures (tissue structure or large vessels) using high resolution T2*-images at 9.4 T MRI system in rat somatosensory cortex. The local field potential (LFP) in the somatosensory cortex and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were also investigated. Isoflurane induced inverted U-shaped dose-dependent change in BOLD signal in large vessels and tissue regions: BOLD signal under 2.0% and 2.5% isoflurane significantly increased from the maintenance dose (1.5%) and that under 3.0% was similar to maintenance dose. Remarkably, BOLD signal increase in tissue regions under 2.5% was significantly smaller than that in large vessels. The MAP decreased monotonically due to the dose of isoflurane and the LFP was strongly suppressed under high dose (2.5% and 3.0%). These results indicate that isoflurane-induced alteration of MAP and neuronal activity affected BOLD signal and, especially, BOLD signal in the tissue regions was more affected by the neuronal activity.
MiR-150 promotes cellular metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting FOXO4
Authors: Li Hui , Ouyang Ruoyun , Wang Zi , Zhou Weihua , Chen Huiyong , Jiang Yawen , Zhang Yibin , Li Hui , Liao Mengting , Wang Weiwei , Ye Mao , Ding Zhigang , Feng Xueping , Liu Jing , Zhang Bin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that dysregulation of microRNA-150 (miR-150) is associated with aberrant proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, whether miR-150 has a critical role in NSCLC cell metastasis is unknown. Here, we reveal that the critical pro-metastatic role of miR-150 in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) through down-regulation of FOXO4 in NSCLC. In vitro, miR-150 targets 3′UTR region of FOXO4 mRNA, thereby negatively regulating its expression. Clinically, the expression of miR-150 was frequently up-regulated in metastatic NSCLC cell lines and clinical specimens. Contrarily, FOXO4 was frequently down-regulated in NSCLC cell lines and clinical specimens. Functional studies show that ectopic expression of miR-150 enhanced tumor cell metastasis in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model, and triggered EMT-like changes in NSCLC cells (including E-cadherin repression, N-cadherin and Vimentin induction, and mesenchymal morphology). Correspondingly, FOXO4 knockdown exhibited pro-metastatic and molecular effects resembling the effect of miR-150 over-expression. Moreover, NF-κB/snail/YY1/RKIP circuitry regulated by FOXO4 were likely involved in miR-150-induced EMT event. Simultaneous knockdown of miR-150 and FOXO4 abolished the phenotypic and molecular effects caused by individual knockdown of miR-150. Therefore, our study provides previously unidentified pro-metastatic roles and mechanisms of miR-150 in NSCLC.
Thumb Imprint Based Detection of Hyperbilirubinemia Using Luminescent Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Basu Srestha , Sahoo Amaresh Kumar , Paul Anumita , Chattopadhyay Arun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEarly and easy detection of diseases, using point-of-care and inexpensive devices, not only provides option for early treatment but also reduces the risk of propagation. Herein we report the fabrication of a robust film based luminescence indicator of bilirubin, which can indicate hyperbilirubinemia through the thumb imprint of the patient. The UV-light induced luminescence intensity of the film, made out of chitosan stabilised gold (Au) nanoclusters, which was effectively quenched in the presence of Cu2+ ions, recovered in the presence of bilirubin from skin or blood serum. Moreover, the sensitivity of detection of bilirubin was tuneable with the amount of Cu2+ added, thereby facilitating the detection of the desired concentration range of bilirubin.