bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of direct bonded copper substrates for prototyping of power electronic modules
Authors: Grzesiak Wojciech , Maćków Piotr , Maj Tomasz , Synkiewicz Beata , Witek Krzysztof , Kisiel Ryszard , Myśliwiec Marcin , Borecki Janusz , Serzysko Tomasz , Żupnik Marek 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to present certain issues in direct bonded copper (DBC) technology towards the manufacture of Al2O3 or AlN ceramic substrates with one or both sides clad with a copper (Cu) layer.

Design/methodology/approach
– As part of the experimental work, attempts were made to produce patterns printed onto DBC substrates based on four substantially different technologies: precise cutting with a diamond saw, photolithography, the use of a milling cutter (LPKF ProtoMat 93s) and laser ablation with differential chemical etching of the Cu layer.

Findings
– The use of photolithography and etching technology in the case of boards clad with a 0.2-mm-thick Cu layer, can produce conductive paths with a width of 0.4 mm while maintaining a distance of 0.4 mm between the paths, and in the case of boards clad with a 0.3-mm-thick copper layer, conductive paths with a width of 0.5 mm while maintaining a distance of 0.5 mm between paths. The application of laser ablation at the final step of removing the unnecessary copper layer, can radically increase the resolution of printed pattern even to 0.1/0.1 mm. The quality of the printed pattern is also much better.

Research limitations/implications
– Etching process optimization and the development of the fundamentals of technology and design of power electronic systems based on DBC substrates should be done in the future. A limiting factor for further research and its implementation may be the relatively high price of DBC substrates in comparison with typical PCB printed circuits.

Practical implications
– Several examples of practical implementations using DBC technology are presented, such as full- and half-bridge connections, full-wave rectifier with an output voltage of 48 V and an output current of 50 A, and part of a battery discharger controller and light-emitting diode illuminator soldered to a copper heat sink.

Originality/value
– The paper presents a comparison of different technologies used for the realization of precise patterns on DBC substrates. The combination of etching and laser ablation technologies radically improves the quality of DBC-printed patterns.
Evaluation of new technologies and materials for printed circuit boards with improved heat dissipation properties
Authors: Baszynski Michal , Ramotowski Edward , Ostaszewski Dariusz , Klej Tomasz , Wojcik Mariusz , Kohvakka Mikko , Kamari Anssi 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate thermal properties of printed circuit board (PCB) made with use of new materials and technologies.

Design/methodology/approach
– Four PCBs with the same layout but made with use of different materials and technologies have been investigated using thermal camera to compare their thermal properties.

Findings
– The results show how important the thermal properties of PCBs are for providing effective heat dissipation, and how a simple alteration to the design can help to improve the thermal performance of electronic device. Proper layout, new materials and technologies of PCB manufacturing can significantly reduce the temperature of electronic components resulting in higher reliability of electronic and power electronic devices.

Originality/value
– This paper shows the advantages of new technologies and materials in PCB thermal management.
The purpose of variable pay schemes and trade unions
Authors: Trif Aurora , Geary John 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate concerning the compatibility of variable pay schemes (VPS) and trade unions, by investigating the effects of the managerial function (to increase management control over employees) and market function (to attract and retain suitably qualified employees) of VPS for trade unions.

Design/methodology/approach
– A critical case study approach was used to verify how the two varying functions of VPS affect the trade union of a large multi-establishment Irish financial institution. Data are based on a total of 60 in-depth interviews with key informants (trade unions, managers and non-managerial employees) at various levels in the organisational hierarchy and a representative survey of employees.

Findings
– While the findings confirmed the a priori expectation that the managerial function of VPS is more likely to damage unions than the market function, this study revealed that the interplay between the two functions varied over time and across outlets, and was primarily contingent on the disposition of line management towards the use of VPS and the market context.

Research limitations/implications
– The consequences of the shift to a managerial function of VPS following the 2008 economic crisis could only be assessed in a preliminary manner due to the time frame of the study.

Practical implications
– Trade unions, managers and employees need to consider the potential gaps between the intended purposes of VPS and their actual implementation to assess whether they are of potential benefit.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes to the existing literature in two main ways. First, it adds that the market function of VPS serves managers’ aims not only in aiding them attract, retain and motivate suitably qualified employees as indicated by Flanders (1970), but also in helping them gain great control over labour costs, which in turn, has mixed effects for trade unions. Second, in addition to the pragmatic reasons identified by previous studies, the findings show that a key determinant in unions’ acceptance of VPS involves earlier experiences of unions fighting unsuccessfully against the adoption of VPS.
Women and expatriate assignments
Authors: Varma Arup , Russell Linda 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of the paper is twofold – first, to explore the role of perceived organizational support (POS) during the three critical stages of the female expatriate experience, with a view to explaining the disproportionately low numbers of females in expatriate roles; and second, to offer specific suggestions to multi-national enterprises to help them create a level playing field so females can compete for expatriate assignments.Design/methodology/approach– The authors draw upon the theory of POS to explore how the perceived lack of support from their organization during the critical stages of expatriate assignments affects women’s interest, and potentially their performance, in expatriate assignments. The authors develop and present relevant propositions.Findings– This is a conceptual paper that offers a process model of the impact of POS on the three stages of selection of females for expatriates.Research limitations/implications– From a theoretical perspective it is clear that POS can play an important role in the willingness of females to accept international assignments. Thus POS can be a critical determinant of the potential levels of female participation in expatriate assignments. Previously, scholars have argued that the low numbers of female expatriates may be a result of a lack of interest on their part, or because they may not be welcomed in many countries. However, subsequent theses have argued, and many studies have shown, that females can be equally successful. The proposed process model helps to better understand how organizations might dismantle the barriers faced by potential female expatriates, by addressing the key issues at each stage.Practical implications– Multinational enterprises need to ensure that they are drawing from their full pool of talent, if they are to compete effectively against other multinational enterprises. By paying attention to the suggestions, and adopting and executing the propositions, they will be able to avoid the possibility that their qualified female employees may withdraw from the organization if they believe that they are not likely to be considered for expatriate assignments, simply because of their gender, even though they are interested.Social implications– From a societal perspective, it is indeed critical that qualified females are provided the same opportunities that are made available to males. Given that roughly half the population is female, multi-national enterprises that fail to treat their female employees fairly will be seen as poor corporate citizens.Originality/value– This is the first paper to address the critical issue of low numbers of females on expatriate assignments by drawing upon the tenets of the theory of POS. The authors offer several propositions to help multinational enterprises understand the impact of the gender imbalance in expatriate assignments, and offer suggestions on how organizations might improve the participation of females in expatriate assignments.
Employer-initiated collective bargaining: a case study of the Chinese sweater industry
Authors: Wen Xiaoyi 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– Collective bargaining (CB) in China is perceived as inadequate, thanks to the lack of trade union independence and representation. However, CB of the sweater industry in Wenling, one of the world’s largest manufacturing centre, shows another tendency. Using Wenling as the case, the purpose of this paper is to explore whether a new form of CB is emerging in China.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper uses a qualitative case study approach, and covers stakeholders, including the government, trade union, sweater association, workers and employers.

Findings
– In China, trade unions are constrained by corporatism and therefore cannot become the effective agents of CB. However, the increased industrial conflicts could in effect push employers to become the engine of change. This paper finds that employers endeavour to use CB as a tool to stabilise employment relations and neutralise workers resistance. Consequently, a gradual transition in labour relations system is on the way, characterised by “disorderly resistance” to “orderly compliance” in the working class.

Research limitations/implications
– The case industry may not be sufficient in drawing the details of CB in China, while it provides the trend of change.

Originality/value
– Conventional wisdom on the Chinese labour relations and CB tends to ignore the employer’s perspective. This paper partially fills in the gap by offering CB and change of employment relations from the aspect of employers.
Adopting interoperability solutions for online tourism distribution
Authors: Reino Sofia , Alzua-Sorzabal Aurkene , Baggio Rodolfo 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that make the adoption of interoperability solutions for online tourism distribution (OTD) more likely by small operators and to develop an evaluation framework for this solutions. Research identifying these determinants is missing. The resulting evaluation framework is then applied to evaluate a number of extant technological solutions focused on interoperability solutions for OTD.Design/methodology/approach– In an attempt to address this gap of research, this paper undertakes a series of interviews and focus groups of the European tourism industry.Findings– Findings partly aligned with the suggestion made by previous research about technology adoption by micro, small and medium tourism enterprises (SMTEs), they also highlighted some issues which are specific to the adoption of interoperability solutions for OTD. These related to the scarcity of information and communication technology (ICT) applications specifically designed for mini and micro enterprises, the very limited capabilities available for using efficiently ICTs in business-to-business (B2B) operations and the difficulty in collaborating with other companies due to the number of different solutions used in the industry, especially when dealing with large aggregators (global distribution systems (GDSs) or large online travel agencies) and lack of standardization for data.Research limitations/implications– The study has important theoretical implications. It provides a better understanding of issues affecting the adoption of interoperability solutions for OTD by SMTEs, such as the scarcity of ICT applications specifically designed for mini and micro enterprises, the very limited capabilities available for using ICTs efficiently in B2B operations and lack of standardization.Practical implications– It facilitates making decisions about adopting interoperability solutions for online distribution solutions, both by suppliers and destination managers.Originality/value– Limited work has focused on understanding issues affecting the adoption of interoperability solutions for OTD solutions among SMTEs.
A model for managing service encounters for neo-luxury consumers
Authors: Canziani Bonnie , Watchravesringkan Kittichai , Yurchisin Jennifer 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore a theoretical relationship among perceptions of consumer social class, the perceived legitimacy of customer requests for service and the delivery of intangible services. It focuses the discussion on service firm encounters with non-traditional consumers seeking to purchase from luxury brands.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper reviews the literature for current trends in strategies of luxury brands and characteristics of evolving global and Asian consumer markets for luxury and neo-luxury goods and draws a theoretic model with propositions.

Findings
– Evidence suggests that service providers can improve efforts to expand services to the newly rich and trading-up neo-luxury consumer markets by focusing on the intangible elements of the service delivery system. Particular emphasis is placed on enhancing employee treatment of neo-luxury customers during service encounters by understanding the influence of employee perceptions of consumer social class and evaluations of the perceived legitimacy of customer requests for service.

Originality/value
– The paper contributes to the theoretical discussion in luxury brand management by suggesting that employees are influenced by impressions of customer worth and other attributes when determining responses to customers during service encounters. Implications for practitioners and future research directions for academics based on the framework are presented.
Emerging challenges for branded budget hotels in India
Authors: Rishi Meghna , Joshi Gaurav 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to identify the emerging challenges that are faced by branded budget hotels in India. The paper aims to do this by exploring the expectations as well as challenges faced by the customers and hospitality managers of branded budgets hotels in India.Design/methodology/approach– Utilizing a multi-method approach, data were collected through literature review, eight in-depth interviews and 422 customer reviews. Thematic analysis using the hybrid approach brings out the challenges faced by hospitality managers of branded budget hotels in India.Findings– Hospitality managers face the following challenges – dipping gross operating profits, higher global distribution systems productivity for international hotel brands, location constraints, high royalty structures for management contracts, regulatory issues, business poaching and unorganized growth, bureaucracy among vendors and contactors and lack of trained manpower. Customer expectations include poor check-in/check-out services, inefficient service management, inconsiderate personnel, poor management of feedback and instances of theft.Originality/value– This work adds to the body of knowledge using real customer data and thematic analysis. The authors have not come across any scholarly work, especially in the Indian context, which looks at two stakeholders of the branded budget hotel industry. Hence, recommendations from this work are valuable for hospitality managers as well as researchers.
Reflections on the theme issue outcomes
Authors: Teare Richard , Dioko Leonardo (Don) A.N. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to profile the Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes (WHATT) theme issue “Services management and the growing number of Asian travellers: what needs re-thinking?” with reference to the experiences of the theme editor and the theme issue outcomes from countries within and beyond Asia.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper uses structured questions to enable the theme editor to reflect on the rationale for the theme issue question, the starting point, the selection of the writing team and material and the editorial process.

Findings
– This paper reports on research and discussions between academics and practitioners about an issue faced by many countries with established hospitality, tourism and travel industries. Specifically, what are the adjustments needed to mirror the radically changing demographic landscape of inbound tourism – now characterized by more affluent and mobile Asian visitors?

Practical implications
– This paper builds on the outcomes of an international conference on “Managing and Delivering Services in the Asian Century”, and offers a response to the changes needed to better serve Asian travellers.

Originality/value
– It provides guidelines for destinations, hospitality organizations and travel operators that have traditionally relied on European and American source markets to help them re-think their service delivery process, management and operations.
Water‐based correction fluid is a useful skin marker for determination of the tumor margin of basal cell carcinoma under high‐frequency ultrasound
Authors: Hayashi Koichi , Okuyama Ryuhei , Uhara Hisashi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe propose a new method to determine the appropriate preoperative surgical margin of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) by using water‐based correction fluid as a skin marker showing the tumor position on the skin under high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS). After a provisional evaluation by dermoscopy, an approximately 2‐mm dot of water‐based correction fluid is applied to the tumor margin. The ultrasound waves are blocked by the dot of correction fluid, and a low‐signal column is observed under the dot of correction fluid. The dots of correction fluid are moved and located as near as possible to the tumor margin, which is shown as a solid hypoechoic area by the HFUS. After confirming that the dots of correction fluid are applied to the circumferential margin, we draw a line in the gaps between the dots. Before the operation, the dots of correction fluid are removed by forceps, and a line for the tumor margin is drawn where the dots were. The surgical margin is set just outside of this line with the use of a measuring device. Water‐based correction fluid is thus a useful skin marker under HFUS to determine the circumferential surgical margin of BCC.
Diversity, frequency, and geographic distribution of facultative bacterial endosymbionts in introduced aphid pests
Authors: Sepúlveda Daniela A. , Zepeda‐Paulo Francisca , Ramírez Claudio C. , Lavandero Blas , Figueroa Christian C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFacultative bacterial endosymbionts in insects have been under intense study during the last years. Endosymbionts can modify the insect's phenotype, conferring adaptive advantages under environmental stress. This seems particularly relevant for a group of worldwide agricultural aphid pests, because endosymbionts modify key fitness‐related traits, including host plant use, protection against natural enemies and heat tolerance. Aimed to understand the role of facultative endosymbionts on the success of introduced aphid pests, the distribution and abundance of 5 facultative endosymbionts (Hamiltonella defensa, Regiella insecticola, Serratia symbiotica, Rickettsia and Spiroplasma) were studied and compared in 4 cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae, Diuraphis noxia, Metopolophium dirhodum and Schizaphis graminium) and in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum complex from 2 agroclimatic zones in Chile. Overall, infections with facultative endosymbionts exhibited a highly variable and characteristic pattern depending on the aphid species/host race and geographic zone, which could explain the success of aphid pest populations after their introduction. While S. symbiotica and H. defensa were the most frequent endosymbionts carried by the A. pisum pea‐race and A. pisum alfalfa‐race aphids, respectively, the most frequent facultative endosymbiont carried by all cereal aphids was R. insecticola. Interestingly, a highly variable composition of endosymbionts carried by S. avenae was also observed between agroclimatic zones, suggesting that endosymbionts are responding differentially to abiotic variables (temperature and precipitations). In addition, our findings constitute the first report of bacterial endosymbionts in cereal aphid species not screened before, and also the first report of aphid endosymbionts in Chile.
Becoming‐urban, becoming‐forest: a historical geography of urban forest projects in Australia
Authors: Jones Ryan , Instone Lesley 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn recent times, local governments in Australia's major cities have embraced the idea that the trees in their streets, parks, and private gardens are parts of a collectiveurban forestthat can be managed to address complex policy problems and create more liveable and sustainable cities. In light of this proposition, applied and critical urban forest researchers have typically focused on questions of quantity with regard to some of the factors that influence the density and distribution of urban tree cover. In a few cases, however, researchers have documented qualitative changes to the urban trees and woodlands that ostensibly constitute the urban forest, suggesting that it might be apprehended in a more mutable and dynamic way. Building on these accounts, we turn to Deleuze and Guattari's theory of becoming to read the urban forest in an active and malleable light, developing a historical geography of urban forestry in Australia that discerns three urban forest projects we call the ‘forest in a city’, the ‘city forest’, and a new but not yet realised, ‘city in a forest’. This finding renders the urban forest in more contingent, multiple, and mutable terms, leading us to finish the paper with a consideration of what seeing the urban forest as becoming means for future research. There, we suggest that Deleuze and Guattari's becoming directs us to different kinds of empirical, political, and ethical concerns that haven't received significant interest in the current literature. These include asking how, why, and with what consequences do particular styles of urban forestry emerge at particular space‐times. How is qualitative difference and urban forest multiplicity dealt with in practice, as well as focusing on affect and everyday embodied encounters between people and trees in different urban places.