bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initiating therapeutic relaxation in Britain: a twentieth-century strategy for health and wellbeing
Authors: Nathoo Ayesha 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn 1972, a British charity, Relaxation for Living, was established “to promote the teaching of physical relaxation, to combat stress, strain, anxiety and the tension of modern life, and to reduce fatigue”. This article explores the origins and development of “physical relaxation” techniques and ideologies, starting in the interwar period, and the development of practical, therapeutic, social and cultural frameworks necessary for such an organization to come into being in 1970s Britain. It traces how relaxation was reconstituted as a scientifically-based skill that could be learnt and taught, imbued with therapeutic value for combating and preventing specific physical ailments and enhancing individual health and wellbeing. The article explores how relaxation techniques gained currency among particular demographic and clinical groups, ranging from middle-class, child-bearing women to middle-aged, “coronary-prone” men. This analysis highlights the role that relaxation practitioners played in both creating and responding to demand for individualistic health-management strategies, many of which have shaped contemporary health and wellbeing agendas. This article is published as part of a collection entitled “On balance: lifestyle, mental health and wellbeing”.
Flexible, symmetry-directed approach to assembling protein cages
Authors: Sciore Aaron , Su Min , Koldewey Philipp , Eschweiler Joseph D. , Diffley Kelsey A. , Linhares Brian M. , Ruotolo Brandon T. , Bardwell James C. A. , Skiniotis Georgios , Marsh E. Neil G. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
The ability to organize biological molecules into new hierarchical forms represents an important goal in synthetic biology. However, designing new quaternary interactions between protein subunits has proved technically challenging and has generally required extensive redesign of protein−protein interfaces. Here, we demonstrate a conceptually simple way to assemble a protein into a well-defined geometric structure that uses coiled-coil sequences as “off-the-shelf” components. This approach is inherently modular and adaptable to a wide range of proteins and symmetries, opening up avenues for the construction of biological structures with diverse geometries and wide-ranging functionalities.
SIM.M.FF-S7: Final report on SIM/ANDIMET supplementary comparison for volume of liquids at 100 mL and 100 μL
Authors: Trujillo S , Maldonado J M , Vega M C , Santalla E , Sica A , Cantero D , Salazar M , Morales A , Solano P , Rodríguez L D 
Published: July 2016

A SIM/ANDIMET comparison for liquid volume using two 100 mL pycnometers and two 100 μL piston pipettes was performed between January 2012 and October 2013. The National Metrology Institute (NMI) of Bolivia was the coordinating laboratory and the Mexican NMI provided technical assistance. The participating labs were IBMETRO (Bolivia), INM (Colombia), INEN (Ecuador), INDECOPI (Peru), LACOMET (Costa Rica), LATU (Uruguay), INTN (Paraguay), and CENAM (Mexico). Based on measurements made by CENAM at the beginning and end of the comparison, the transfer standards were stable during the comparison within 0.0001 mL for the 100 mL pycnometers and 0.03 μL for the 100 μL pipettes. For 100 mL, six of the eight participants agreed within ± 0.003 % and had standardized degrees of equivalence (EN) less than 1. Two participants (INEN and INM) had EN values greater than 1. For the 100 μL pipettes, the results were corrected for the influence of altitude and seven of the eight participants agreed within ± 0.3 %. Results from INEN and some from INM and IBMETRO had EN values greater than 1 for the 100 μL pipettes. Uncertainties recommended by Guideline DKD-R 8-1 for micropipettes were included.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Family-Joining: A Fast Distance-Based Method for Constructing Generally Labeled Trees
Authors: Kalaghatgi Prabhav , Pfeifer Nico , Lengauer Thomas 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The widely used model for evolutionary relationships is a bifurcating tree with all taxa/observations placed at the leaves. This is not appropriate if the taxa have been densely sampled across evolutionary time and may be in a direct ancestral relationship, or if there is not enough information to fully resolve all the branching points in the evolutionary tree. In this article, we present a fast distance-based agglomeration method called family-joining (FJ) for constructing so-called generally labeled trees in which taxa may be placed at internal vertices and the tree may contain polytomies. FJ constructs such trees on the basis of pairwise distances and a distance threshold. We tested three methods for threshold selection, FJ-AIC, FJ-BIC, and FJ-CV, which minimize Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and cross-validation error, respectively. When compared with related methods on simulated data, FJ-BIC was among the best at reconstructing the correct tree across a wide range of simulation scenarios. FJ-BIC was applied to HIV sequences sampled from individuals involved in a known transmission chain. The FJ-BIC tree was found to be compatible with almost all transmission events. On average, internal branches in the FJ-BIC tree have higher bootstrap support than branches in the leaf-labeled bifurcating tree constructed using RAxML. 36% and 25% of the internal branches in the FJ-BIC tree and RAxML tree, respectively, have bootstrap support greater than 70%. To the best of our knowledge the method presented here is the first attempt at modeling evolutionary relationships using generally labeled trees.
Worms at Work: Long-run Impacts of a Child Health Investment*
Authors: Baird Sarah , Hicks Joan Hamory , Kremer Michael , Miguel Edward 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This study estimates long-run impacts of a child health investment, exploiting community-wide experimental variation in school-based deworming. The program increased labor supply among men and education among women, with accompanying shifts in labor market specialization. Ten years after deworming treatment, men who were eligible as boys stay enrolled for more years of primary school, work 17% more hours each week, spend more time in nonagricultural self-employment, are more likely to hold manufacturing jobs, and miss one fewer meal per week. Women who were in treatment schools as girls are approximately one quarter more likely to have attended secondary school, halving the gender gap. They reallocate time from traditional agriculture into cash crops and nonagricultural self-employment. We estimate a conservative annualized financial internal rate of return to deworming of 32%, and show that mass deworming may generate more in future government revenue than it costs in subsidies.
The Mediating Effects of the Different Dimensions of Pain Catastrophizing on Outcomes in an Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Gilliam Wesley P. , Craner Julia R. , Morrison Eleshia J. , Sperry Jeannie A. 
Published: July 2016

Objective:
Although reducing pain catastrophizing has been shown to contribute to functional improvement in patients receiving interdisciplinary pain care, little is known about how changes in the different dimensions of pain catastrophizing uniquely contribute to improvement in outcome. The study examined the unique relationship between changes in the 3 distinct factors of pain catastrophizing—helplessness, rumination, and magnification—and changes in pain outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
In this nonrandomized study, 641 patients who completed treatment in a 3-week interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program between the years 2013 and 2014 completed a battery of psychometrically validated measures of pain catastrophizing, pain severity, pain interference, mental and physical health-related quality of life, and depressive symptoms at pretreatment and posttreatment.

Results:
A series of within groups (repeated measures) mediation analyses were conducted. Change in the helplessness, rumination, and magnification subscales were entered as multiple mediators in the model. Analyses revealed that change in helplessness partially mediated improvement in all outcome variables beyond the influence of change in other variables in the model, whereas change in rumination partially mediated improvement in pain severity, interference, and depressive symptoms. Change in magnification had the least impact on outcome, partially mediating improvements in only mental health quality of life.

Discussion:
Results suggest that changes in the 3 dimensions of pain catastrophizing differentially mediate improvement in pain outcome. Treatment approaches that specifically target helplessness and rumination may be particularly useful in improving the outcomes of patients with refractory pain conditions enrolled in interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program.
Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Two Methods of Tinnitus Intervention to Two Control Conditions
Authors: Henry James A. , Stewart Barbara J. , Griest Susan , Kaelin Christine , Zaugg Tara L. , Carlson Kathleen 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
In this four-site clinical trial, we evaluated whether tinnitus masking (TM) and tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) decreased tinnitus severity more than the two control groups: an attention-control group that received tinnitus educational counseling (and hearing aids if needed; TED), and a 6-month-wait-list control (WLC) group. The authors hypothesized that, over the first 6 months of treatment, TM and TRT would decrease tinnitus severity in Veterans relative to TED and WLC, and that TED would decrease tinnitus severity relative to WLC. The authors also hypothesized that, over 18 months of treatment, TM and TRT would decrease tinnitus severity relative to TED. Treatment effectiveness was hypothesized not to be different across the four sites.

Design:
Across four Veterans affairs medical center sites, N = 148 qualifying Veterans who experienced sufficiently bothersome tinnitus were randomized into one of the four groups. The 115 Veterans assigned to TM (n = 42), TRT (n = 34), and TED (n = 39) were considered immediate-treatment subjects; they received comparable time and attention from audiologists. The 33 Veterans assigned to WLC were, after 6 months, randomized to receive delayed treatment in TM, TRT, or TED. Assessment of outcomes took place using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months.

Results:
Results of a repeated measures analysis of variance using an intention-to-treat approach showed that the tinnitus severity of Veterans receiving TM, TRT, and TED significantly decreased (p < 0.05) relative to Veterans in the WLC group at 3 months (effect sizes = 0.44, 0.52, and 0.27, respectively) and at 6 months (effect sizes = 0.52, 0.56, and 0.40, respectively). Analyses comparing effectiveness of TM, TRT, and TED over 18 months revealed that the three conditions were not significantly different, but that tinnitus severity in the combined groups significantly decreased (p < 0.01) from baseline to 3 months (5.6 THI points) and from 3 to 6 months (3.7 THI points). With respect to clinically significant change, about half of Veterans who received TM (55%), TRT (59%), or TED (46%) showed strong or modest improvement on the THI by 18 months. Without treatment, the WLC group did not show significant change. Treatment effectiveness did not differ by study site.

Conclusions:
Audiologists who provided interventions to Veterans with bothersome tinnitus in the regular clinic setting were able to significantly reduce tinnitus severity over 18 months using TM, TRT, and TED approaches. These results suggest that TM, TRT, and TED, when implemented as in this trial, will provide effectiveness that is relatively similar by 6 months and beyond.
Platelet Count Trends and Prevalence of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in a Cohort of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Patients
Authors: Sokolovic Mladen , Pratt Alexandra K. , Vukicevic Vladimir , Sarumi Molly , Johnson Laura S. , Shah Nimesh S. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
To assess the prevalence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and to study platelet count trends potentially suggestive of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in a population of extracorporeal membrane oxygenator patients.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
A total of 926-bed teaching hospital.

Patients:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenator patients who survived longer than 48 hours from extracorporeal membrane oxygenator initiation between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2013.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Demographic and clinical data were collected prospectively on all extracorporeal membrane oxygenator patients. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia testing results and platelet count variables were obtained from the electronic medical record. We used our institutional algorithm to interpret the results of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia testing. Ninety-six extracorporeal membrane oxygenator patients met the inclusion criteria. Eight patients met the algorithm criteria for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia diagnosis and seven of those had documented thromboembolic event while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (prevalence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia related thrombosis, 8.3 and 7.3, respectively). Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia positive patients were younger; all underwent venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator; spent more hours on extracorporeal membrane oxygenator; had significantly higher heparin-induced thrombocytopenia enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays optical density; had a higher prevalence of thromboembolic events and reached platelet count nadir later. There was no difference in mortality between heparin-induced thrombocytopenia positive and negative patients. Comparison of platelet count trends revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the predefined study groups.

Conclusions:
Prevalence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia-related thrombosis among extracorporeal membrane oxygenator patients at our institution is relatively high. Using platelet count trends to guide decision to test for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is not an optimal strategy in extracorporeal membrane oxygenator patients. Without a validated pretest probability clinical score, serosurveillance in a defined high-risk group of extracorporeal membrane oxygenator patients may be needed.
Association between circulatory levels of adipokines and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women
Authors: Cervellati Carlo , Bonaccorsi Gloria , Bergamini Carlo M. , Fila Enrica , Greco Pantaleo , Valacchi Giuseppe , Massari Leo , Gonelli Arianna , Tisato Veronica 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Objective:
Epidemiological evidence indicates that excess fat may be beneficial for bone health, offering protective effects against the onset of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Experimental data suggest that this link might be due to the direct effect of adipokines on bone tissue. Confirmatory evidence of this association, however, remains limited.

Methods:
The levels of a panel of selected adipokines including interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -1β, adipsin, lipocalin-2/neutrophil gelatinase-associated ipocalin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, hepatocyte growth factor, resistin, leptin, and adiponectin in a group of osteopenic and osteoporotic postmenopausal women were compared with those of unaffected women (n = 127).

Results:
Univariate analysis revealed that leptin and adiponectin were significantly correlated with bone mineral density (BMD). In particular, leptin was positively associated with BMD of the spine (r = 0.22, P < 0.05), femoral neck (r = 0.23, P < 0.05), trochanter (r = 0.20, P < 0.05), and total hip (r = 0.27, P < 0.01), whereas adiponectin was inversely correlated with BMD at the trochanter (r = −0.21, P < 0.05). No correlations were, however, significant after adjusting for body fat variables. Stratification of the sample according to IL-6 levels revealed that adiponectin remained significantly inversely associated with BMD, regardless of fat levels and age (β=−0.29, P < 0.05; r
2 = 0.198) in the subgroup of participants with low levels of IL-6.

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that circulating adiponectin is inversely associated with markers of bone health in postmenopausal women, and that the interaction is influenced by IL-6 levels.
Ospemifene's effect on vasomotor symptoms: a post hoc analysis of phase 2 and 3 clinical data
Authors: Constantine Ginger D. , Archer David F. , Pollycove Ricki , Jiang Wei , Altomare Corrado , Pinkerton JoAnn V. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Objective:
To examine the effect of ospemifene 60 mg/d on vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women using clinical safety and efficacy data from five phase 2 and 3 studies.

Methods:
The incidence of hot flush treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was compiled from five randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies; baseline parameters associated with hot flush incidence were also identified. Ospemifene's effects on the frequency and severity of hot flushes were evaluated in a previously unpublished, 6-week, placebo-controlled study.

Results:
Analysis of pooled hot flush TEAE data for 2,166 women showed an incidence of hot flush of 8.5% for ospemifene and 3.2% for placebo (P < 0.0001). Hot flushes were most frequent during the first 4 weeks of ospemifene treatment and decreased in frequency thereafter. Logistic regression analysis revealed that hormone therapy within 6 months before study start (P = 0.0234), longer study treatment duration (P = 0.0234), and more hot flush days per month at baseline (P = 0.0313) were associated with more hot flushes. Ospemifene 60 mg/d did not worsen the frequency and severity of existing hot flushes in a 6-week, placebo-controlled trial of 198 postmenopausal women who were experiencing moderate to very severe hot flushes.

Conclusions:
In randomized trials, hot flush TEAEs were more frequent with ospemifene 60 mg/d than with placebo, particularly among women with prior history of hormone therapy use. The majority of hot flushes, however, waned after 4 weeks of ospemifene treatment. Ospemifene did not worsen existing hot flushes in women experiencing moderate to very severe hot flushes.
Bone loss after oophorectomy among high-risk women: an NRG oncology/gynecologic oncology group study
Authors: Hibler Elizabeth A. , Kauderer James , Greene Mark H. , Rodriguez Gustavo C. , Alberts David S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Objective:
Women undergoing premenopausal oophorectomy for a variety of reasons, including to reduce ovarian or breast cancer risk were evaluated for accelerated bone loss.

Methods:
The Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG)-0215 randomized phase-II trial of zoledronic acid was initiated to determine if postoophorectomy bisphosphonate therapy could prevent this bone loss. The study was closed after slow accrual prevented evaluation of the primary study endpoint. We analyzed changes in bone mineral density (BMD) among the 80 women randomized to the observation arm of this study, as measured 3, 9, and 18 months postenrollment.

Results:
The mean change in BMD from baseline to 18 months was −0.09 (95% CI, −0.12 to −0.07), −0.05 (95% CI, −0.07 to −0.03), and −0.06 (95% CI, −0.07 to −0.05) g/cm2 across the lumbar spine, right hip, and left hip, respectively. This represents a BMD decrease of −8.5% for the lumbar spine and −5.7% for both the right and left hips from baseline to 18 months’ observation.

Conclusions:
These results demonstrate that premenopausal women undergoing oophorectomy clearly experience bone loss, an adverse effect of oophorectomy, which requires attention and active management. BMD should be monitored postoophorectomy, and treated per standard practice guidelines. Future studies will be required to determine if early treatment can mitigate fracture risk, and to test promising therapeutic interventions and novel prevention strategies, such as increased physical activity or alternative medications, in randomized trials.
Use of Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Videoangiography to Guide Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Excision
Authors: Ko Wai Shan , Tan Teresa , Mo Kevin W. L. , Wong Pauline S. Y. , Chiu Tor 
Published: July 2016

Summary:
Complete excision of cutaneous angiosarcoma, which is a rare, vascular, and aggressive tumor, is challenging. Its multifocal nature and propensity for lateral spread make the gross assessment of surgical margins difficult. Neither the use of frozen section analysis nor Mohs surgery consistently improves the probability of margin-free excision. Recent studies have advocated the use of indocyanine green to evaluate the vascular system perioperatively. We describe the intraoperative use of indocyanine green to help define the excision margin of a locally extensive scalp angiosarcoma in an elderly man.
New guidelines for managing pulmonary hypertension: what the pediatrician needs to know
Authors: Abman Steven H. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Pediatric pulmonary vascular disease contributes to morbidities and death in diverse clinical settings, ranging from idiopathic or heritable forms of pediatric arterial hypertension, congenital heart disease, developmental lung disorders, chronic lung disease, left heart disease, sickle cell disease, oncologic disease, and systemic disorders. Despite its impact on the clinical courses in so many diseases, information is limited on how to best approach the diagnosis and evaluation of pediatric pulmonary hypertension.

Recent findings
To address this issue, a group of clinical experts from several subspecialties, including pulmonology, cardiology, neonatology, and others, were selected to form a task force to tackle this topic with support from the American Heart Association and American Thoracic Society. A joint guidelines study presenting their findings was recently published.

Summary
This review highlights a few key topics underlying guidelines for the care of children with pulmonary hypertension that are especially important for the practicing pediatrician and others, and presents some of the major recommendations from the published guidelines report. Overall, the author emphasizes that these guidelines are based on the best current evidence and clinical experience of experts in the field, yet much more clinical research is needed to improve long-term outcomes in pediatric pulmonary hypertension.