bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Truck Driver Safety: An Evolutionary Research Approach
Authors: Douglas Matthew , Swartz Stephen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDriver safety is consistently a top concern of motor‐carrier industry leaders at all levels. Efforts to improve safety performance span a variety of domains, and one key element of the safety problem is the behavior of the commercial motor‐vehicle operator—the driver of the “big rigs” we share the highways with on a daily basis. The purpose of this article is to tell the story of an ongoing research program designed to understand safe/unsafe driving in the unique occupational context of the North American commercial motor‐vehicle driver (i.e., truck driver). As part of a broad, multiyear effort, the investigators who immersed themselves in that culture at several motor carriers were granted unique access to their employees. By allowing the employees (safety professionals and drivers alike) to inform the research direction, overlaid with extant psychosocial behavioral models post hoc, a promising stream of research was developed that led to a more integrated and comprehensive theoretical framework. The framework informs the development of interventions in hiring and training designed to improve driver safety. Recommendations for how this approach can be applied to other domains are provided.
ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA ENTRE AS VARIÁVEIS METEOROLÓGICAS E DOENÇAS RESPIRATÓRIAS NA CIDADE DE CAMPINA GRANDE, PB (ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE RATIO BETWEEN THE VARIABLE WEATHER AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN CAMPINA GRANDE, PB)
Authors: Carvalho Enyedja Kerlly Martins de Araújo , Dantas Renilson Targino , Carvalho José Ribamar Marques de 
Published: July 2016

Os debates atuais relacionados à problemática socioambiental evidenciaram, com muita pertinência e relevância, o papel do clima como um dos principais elementos da interação entre a natureza e a sociedade, sobretudo devido à importância e magnitude dos riscos e impactos ambientais concernentes à atmosfera. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetiva identificar a associação entre as variáveis meteorológicas (temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e precipitação) com as doenças respiratórias na cidade de Campina Grande, PB, PB, no período compreendido entre 2004 e 2013. A pesquisa classifica-se como pesquisa aplicada, bibliográfica, documental e quantitativa. As variáveis utilizadas foram selecionadas a partir da indução da relação direta ou indireta entre si (variáveis meteorológicas e doenças respiratórias). Pode-se concluir que estudar a base meteorológica de uma determinada região é de suma importância, pois poderá traçar metas e diretrizes capazes de prevenir e até mesmo evitar consequências mais graves para a saúde humana.
[NOTA DE PESQUISA] A INFLUÊNCIA DO MODO ANULAR SUL SOBRE O CICLO DO CARBONO NO OCEANO SUL: UMA BREVE REVISÃO DO CONHECIMENTO ATUAL (THE INFLUENCE MODE OF VOID SOUTH ON CARBON CYCLE IN THE OCEAN SOUTH A BRIEF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE REVIEW)
Authors: Aímola Luis , Albuquerque Monik 
Published: July 2016

Descrevemos resumidamente o estado atual do conhecimento sobre a influência do Modo Anular Sul (SAM) sobre o Ciclo do Carbono Global no Oceano Sul. Mostramos que estudos recentes indicam que o SAM está tornando mais positivo o que provavelmente alterará a produção biológica no Oceano Sul bem como os processos físicos que determinam as trocas ar-mar de dióxido de carbono e o sequestro e armazenamento do CO2 antrópico nessa bacia oceânica. Dessa forma o Oceano Sul poderá ter sua eficiência de modulador do clima global reduzida, acelerando o aquecimento global.
CONFERÊNCIAS E CONSELHOS: É POSSÍVEL PENSAR EM INTERAÇÃO SISTÊMICA? O CASO DA ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Lins Isabella Lourenço 
Published: July 2016

Entre as diversas experiências de participação que compõe a arquitetura participativa brasileira, esse artigo apresenta um estudo de caso que analisa as possibilidades de uma interação sistêmica entre conselhos e conferências de Assistência Social. A partir de uma análise documental, busca-se identificar possíveis conectores sistêmicos que indicam a existência de interação entre essas Instituições Participativas (IPs). O artigo apresenta uma breve revisão teórica sobre as IPs, os padrões de ação dentro desses espaços e a idéia de sistema deliberativo. Também são apresentados possíveis indicadores de interação sistêmica. O artigo foca sua análise no desenho institucional dessas IPs, que é apontado como um conector sistêmico (MENDONÇA, 2013). A análise do desenho institucional dos conselhos e conferências na Assistência Social evidencia a existência de uma interação sistêmica, em termos normativos, entre os mesmos.
ELEGENDO MULHERES - IDEOLOGIA PARTIDÁRIA, FEMINISMO E INCLUSÃO DE MULHERES NA POLÍTICA
Authors: Gomes Larissa Peixoto Vale 
Published: July 2016

Este artigo foca na relação entre candidatas e partidos, buscando como a ideologia partidária e o feminismo podem estruturar estes relacionamentos. Em um survey com 81 candidatas à Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais em 2010, as respondentes se sentem negligenciadas e acreditam que isso tem um efeito negativo considerável sobre suas chances de sucesso, independentemente da ideologia do partido. Entrevistas semiestruturadas com três presidentes partidários estaduais de Minas Gerais (representando esquerda, centro e direita) demonstram que a retórica partidária pode ser bastante diferente, mas que ações internas diferem apenas ligeiramente. O estudo busca apresentar a percepção das candidatas sobre sua presença em seus partidos, e como lideranças estaduais de três partidos veem a presença feminina e a inclusão das mulheres na política. Essa pesquisa corrobora estudos prévios com dados novos, e apresenta novos conhecimentos ao campo de gênero e política.
O PESSOAL É POLÍTICO: A CRÍTICA FEMINISTA DE NANCY FRASER E CATHERINE MACKINNON A JÜRGEN HABERMAS
Authors: Barbosa Camila Palhares , Maia Tatiana Vargas 
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as críticas feministas elaboradas por Nancy Fraser e Catherine MacKinnon à teoria política proposta por Jürgen Habermas. Adotando um recorte de gênero para analisar as propostas avançadas por Habermas, tanto Fraser como MacKinnon desenvolvem conclusões semelhantes: ainda que a articulação sócio-política de Habermas seja interessante – inclusive em sua tentativa de abarcar e contemplar demandas do movimento feminista – a teoria habermasiana é falha em admitir uma das principais reivindicações e ponto de crítica fundamental do feminismo contemporâneo à teoria política que não parte de um recorte de gênero, qual seja, o não questionamento da ideia de separação nítida entre as esferas públicas e privadas. Como propósito de explicitar a articulação dessas críticas, propomos uma análise dos principais aspectos do agir comunicativo proposto por Habermas a partir de premissas feministas, na tentativa de centralizar questões de gênero na teoria habermasiana. Para tanto, primeiramente apresentamos uma leitura das noções das esferas do agir comunicativo e da diferenciação entre público e privado em Habermas através da crítica elaborada por Nancy Fraser. Em um segundo momento, discutimos perspectivas de poder e de razão, demonstrando sua problematização a partir da visão feminista radical de Catherine MacKinnon.
A INCLUSÃO DE MULHERES NO PARLAMENTO COMO MEDIDA DE JUSTIÇA SOCIAL: ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DOS SISTEMAS DE COTAS DO BRASIL E DA BOLÍVIA
Authors: Venturini Anna Carolina , Rocha Villela Renata 
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar os principais argumentos a respeito da representação política como instrumento de inclusão política e justiça social. Para tanto, sua primeira parte destaca como o conceito de representação evoluiu para considerar essencial à democracia a inclusão de grupos, em especial as mulheres, nos processos decisórios. A segunda parte irá abordar a política brasileira de cotas para mulheres, com foco na análise das leis e seus resultados, para verificar quais aspectos têm contribuído para sua inclusão no Poder Legislativo. Ainda nesta seção, far-se-á uma comparação entre as políticas de cotas adotadas no Brasil e na Bolívia, que é o segundo colocado no mundo e o primeiro na América Latina em número de mulheres eleitas. Em arremate, apresentaremos as conclusões no sentido de que a política de cotas de gênero no Brasil ainda não logrou atingir os fins almejados, vez que, para além das previsões legais, pouco foi feito para contribuir com o aumento da presença das mulheres no Parlamento. A partir do estudo comparativo, sustentamos que alguns mecanismos da política de cotas boliviana poderiam ser replicados no Brasil, de modo a proporcionar maior inclusão de mulheres no Poder Legislativo.
COMO CRIAR E CLASSIFICAR CATEGORIAS PARA FAZER ANÁLISE DE CONTEÚDO: UMA QUESTÃO METODOLÓGICA
Authors: Carlomagno Márcio C , Rocha Leonardo Caetano da 
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a metodologia de análise de conteúdo, a partir de uma revisão e sistematização da literatura norte-americana fundadora da área. Resumem-se cinco regras que orientam a etapa de criação e classificação de categorias coerentes de análise: 1) devem existir regras claras de inclusão e exclusão nas categorias; 2) as categorias precisam ser mutuamente excludentes; 3) as categorias não podem ser muito amplas, sendo seu conteúdo homogêneo entre si; 4) as categorias devem contemplar todos conteúdos possíveis e “outro” precisa ser residual; 5) a classificação deve ser objetiva, não passível de ser codificada de forma diferente a depender a interpretação do analista. Ao fim, discutimos o equilíbrio entre comparabilidade e adaptabilidade na criação de categorias. A relevância do artigo está em sistematizar os aspectos desta metodologia para pós-graduandos interessados em conduzir estudos com tal técnica.
Types of social support and parental acceptance among transfemale youth and their impact on mental health, sexual debut, history of sex work and condomless anal intercourse
Authors: Le Victory , Arayasirikul Sean , Chen Yea‐Hung , Jin Harry , Wilson Erin C 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionTransfemale youth (TFY) are an underserved and understudied population at risk for numerous poor physical and mental health outcomes, most notably HIV. Research suggests that parental acceptance and social support may serve as protective factors against HIV and other risks for TFY; however, it is unclear whether TFY receive primary social support from parents with or without parental acceptance of their gender identity. This study examines differences in parental acceptance, mental health and the HIV risk factors of history of sex work, age at sexual debut and engagement in condomless anal intercourse between TFY with two types of primary social support – non‐parental primary social support (NPPSS) and parental primary social support (PPSS).MethodsCross‐sectional data collected from 301 TFY from 2012 to 2014 in the San Francisco Bay Area were analyzed to determine differences in parental acceptance, mental health and HIV risk factors between youth with and without PPSS. Univariate statistics and chi‐squared tests were conducted to determine if parental acceptance and health outcomes were correlated with type of social support.ResultsTwo‐hundred fifty‐one participants (83.7%) reported having NPPSS, and 49 (16.3%) reported PPSS. Significantly more youth with PPSS reported affirmative responses on parental acceptance items than their NPPSS counterparts. For example, 87.8% of youth with PPSS reported that their parents believed they could have a happy future as a trans adult, compared with 51.6% of youth with NPPSS (p<0.001). Fewer participants with PPSS reported symptoms of psychological distress (2.0% vs. 12.5%, p=0.057), though this finding was not statistically significant; no significant associations were found between primary social support type and HIV risk factors.ConclusionsThese results suggest that TFY with parental acceptance of their gender identity may be more likely to reach out to their parents as their primary source of social support. Interventions focused on parental acceptance of their child's gender identity may have the most promise for creating parental social support systems in the lives of TFY.
How Peru introduced a plan for comprehensive HIV prevention and care for transwomen
Authors: Salazar Ximena , Núnez‐Curto Arón , Villayzán Jana , Castillo Regina , Benites Carlos , Caballero Patricia , Cáceres Carlos F 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionAs a group, transwomen in Peru have the highest prevalence of HIV (>20%) in the country, but they have little access to HIV prevention, testing and care services. Until recently, Peru's national HIV programme did not recognize transwomen and had remained essentially static for decades. This changed in December 2014, when the Ministry of Health expressed its commitment to improve programming for transwomen and to involve transwomen organizations by prioritizing the development of a “Targeted Strategy Plan of STIs/HIV/AIDS Prevention and Comprehensive Care for Transwomen.”DiscussionA policy dialogue between key stakeholders – Peru's Ministry of Health, academic scientists, civil society, transgender leaders and international agencies – created the conditions for a change in Peru's national HIV policy for transwomen. Supported by the effective engagement of all sectors, the Ministry of Health launched a plan to provide comprehensive HIV prevention and care for transwomen. The five‐year plan includes new national guidelines for HIV prevention, care and support, and country‐level investments in infrastructure and equipment. In addition to new biomedical strategies, the plan also incorporates several strategies to address structural factors that contribute to the vulnerability of transwomen. We identified three key factors that created the right conditions for this change in Peru's HIV policy. These factors include (1) the availability of solid evidence, based on scientific research; (2) ongoing efforts within the transwomen community to become better advocates of their own rights; and (3) a dialogue involving honest discussions between stakeholders about possibilities of changing the nation's HIV policy.ConclusionsThe creation of Peru's national plan for HIV prevention and care for transwomen shows that long‐term processes, focused on human rights for transwomen in Peru, can lead to organizational and public‐policy change.
HIV prevention among transgender women in Latin America: implementation, gaps and challenges
Authors: Silva‐Santisteban Alfonso , Eng Shirley , de la Iglesia Gabriela , Falistocco Carlos , Mazin Rafael 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionTransgender women are the population most vulnerable to HIV in Latin America, with prevalence between 18 and 38%. Although the region has improved antiretroviral coverage, there is an urgent need to strengthen HIV prevention for key populations to meet regional targets set by governments. We conducted an assessment on the state of HIV prevention among transgender women in Latin America.MethodsWe conducted a desk review of Global AIDS Response Progress Reports, national strategic plans, technical reports and peer‐reviewed articles from 17 Latin American countries published through January 2015. The review was preceded by 12 semi‐structured interviews with UNAIDS and Pan American Health Organization officers and a discussion group with transgender women regional leaders, to guide the identification of documents. We assessed access to, implementation and coverage of programmes; legal frameworks; community participation; inclusion of new strategies; and alignment with international recommendations.Results and discussionOverall, prevention activities in the region focus on condom distribution, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections and peer education, mostly delivered at health facilities, with limited community involvement. Argentina and Uruguay have implemented structural interventions to address social inclusion. Argentina, Brazil and Mexico have adopted early initiation of antiretroviral therapy and treatment as prevention strategies. The other countries do not have substantial tailored interventions and consider the trans population a sub‐population of men who have sex with men in data collection and programme implementation. Limited coverage of services, discrimination and a deep‐seated mistrust of the health system among transgender women are the main barriers to accessing HIV prevention services. Promising interventions include health services adapted to transgender women in Mexico; LGBT‐friendly clinics in Argentina that incorporate community and health workers in mixed teams; task‐shifting to community‐based organizations; mobile HIV testing; and gender identity laws.ConclusionsTransgender women in Latin America continue to have limited access to HIV prevention services, which presents a bottleneck for reaching prevention goals and incorporating new prevention interventions. Prevention programmes should be rights‐based; offer tailored, holistic interventions; and involve transgender women in their design and implementation.
Transgender social inclusion and equality: a pivotal path to development
Authors: Divan Vivek , Cortez Clifton , Smelyanskaya Marina , Keatley JoAnne 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionThe rights of trans people are protected by a range of international and regional mechanisms. Yet, punitive national laws, policies and practices targeting transgender people, including complex procedures for changing identification documents, strip transgender people of their rights and limit access to justice. This results in gross violations of human rights on the part of state perpetrators and society at large. Transgender people's experience globally is that of extreme social exclusion that translates into increased vulnerability to HIV, other diseases, including mental health conditions, limited access to education and employment, and loss of opportunities for economic and social advancement. In addition, hatred and aggression towards a group of individuals who do not conform to social norms around gender manifest in frequent episodes of extreme violence towards transgender people. This violence often goes unpunished.DiscussionThe United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) views its work in the area of HIV through the lens of human rights and advances a range of development solutions such as poverty reduction, improved governance, active citizenship, and access to justice. This work directly relates to advancing the rights of transgender people. This manuscript lays out the various aspects of health, human rights, and development that frame transgender people's issues and outlines best practice solutions from transgender communities and governments around the globe on how to address these complex concerns. The examples provided in the manuscript can help guide UN agencies, governments, and transgender activists in achieving better standards of health, access to justice, and social inclusion for transgender communities everywhere.ConclusionsThe manuscript provides a call to action for countries to urgently address the violations of human rights of transgender people in order to honour international obligations, stem HIV epidemics, promote gender equality, strengthen social and economic development, and put a stop to untrammelled violence.
Factors associated with physical and sexual violence by police among people who inject drugs in Ukraine: implications for retention on opioid agonist therapy
Authors: Kutsa Oksana , Marcus Ruthanne , Bojko Martha J , Zelenev Alexei , Mazhnaya Alyona , Dvoriak Sergii , Filippovych Sergii , Altice Frederick L 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionUkraine's volatile HIV epidemic, one of the largest in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, remains concentrated in people who inject drugs (PWID). HIV prevalence is high (21.3% to 41.8%) among the estimated 310,000 PWID. Opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is the most cost‐effective HIV prevention strategy there, yet OAT services are hampered by negative attitudes and frequent harassment of OAT clients and site personnel by law enforcement. This paper examines the various types of police violence that Ukrainian PWID experience and factors associated with the different types of violence, as well as the possible implications of police harassment on OAT retention.MethodsIn 2014 to 2015, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey in five Ukrainian cities with 1613 PWID currently, previously and never on OAT, using a combination of respondent‐driven sampling, as well as random sampling. We analysed correlates of police violence by multiple factors, including by gender, and their effects on duration of OAT retention. Self‐reported physical and sexual violence by police were the two primary outcomes, while retention on OAT was used as a secondary outcome.ResultsOverall, 1033 (64.0%) PWID reported being physically assaulted by police, which was positively correlated with currently or previously being on OAT (69.1% vs. 60.2%; p<0.01). HIV prevalence rates were higher in those receiving OAT than those not on OAT (47.6% vs. 36.1%; p<0.01). Police violence experiences differed by sex, with men experiencing significantly more physical violence, while women experienced more sexual violence (65.9% vs. 42.6%; p<0.01). For PWID who had successfully accessed OAT, longer OAT retention was significantly correlated both with sexual assault by police and fewer non‐fatal overdoses.ConclusionsPolice violence is a frequent experience among PWID in Ukraine, particularly for those accessing OAT, an evidence‐based primary and secondary HIV prevention strategy. Police violence experiences, however, were different for men and women, and interventions with police that address these sexual differences and focus on non‐violent interactions with PWID to improve access and retention on OAT are crucial for improving HIV prevention and treatment goals for Ukraine.
Energy dependence of SEP electron and proton onset times
Authors: Xie H. , Mäkelä P. , Gopalswamy N. , St. Cyr O. C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe study the large solar energetic particle (SEP) events that were detected by GOES in the >10 MeV energy channel during December 2006 to March 2014. We derive and compare solar particle release (SPR) times for the 0.25–10.4 MeV electrons and 10–100 MeV protons for the 28 SEP events. In the study, the electron SPR times are derived with the time‐shifting analysis (TSA) and the proton SPR times are derived using both the TSA and the velocity dispersion analysis (VDA). Electron anisotropies are computed to evaluate the amount of scattering for the events under study. Our main results include (1) near‐relativistic electrons and high‐energy protons are released at the same time within 8 min for most (16 of 23) SEP events. (2)There exists a good correlation between electron and proton acceleration, peak intensity, and intensity time profiles. (3) The TSA SPR times for 90.5 MeV and 57.4 MeV protons have maximum errors of 6 min and 10 min compared to the proton VDA release times, respectively, while the maximum error for 15.4 MeV protons can reach to 32 min. (4) For 7 low‐intensity events of the 23, large delays occurred for 6.5 MeV electrons and 90.5 MeV protons relative to 0.5 MeV electrons. Whether these delays are due to times needed for the evolving shock to be strengthened or due to particle transport effects remains unsolved.