bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodological Approach for Designing an Artificial Intelligence Repository for Defence Applications
Authors: Kampas Georgios , Moutzouris Marios , Perlepes Leonidas , Gyftodimos Konstantinos , Papageorgiou Dimitrios , Savvopoulos Alexandros , Michalis Pantelis , Eftychidis Georgios , Kostaridis Antonis , Diagourtas Dimitrios 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter is a response to the increasing demand for a versatile AI dataset repository in a rapidly evolving landscape that necessitates frugal and robust AI solutions for defence applications. In an era characterized by an exponential growth in data generation, the need for a repository that can accommodate diverse and extensive datasets has become paramount. The evolving nature of defence and security challenges, marked by the reliance on AI for critical decision-making, further underscores the urgency of this repository. With a wealth of non-cooperative and cooperative tracking data, electro-optical data, radio signals, and more at play, the chapter addresses the imperative to provide a secure, accessible, and scalable repository that aligns datasets with specific user requirements and use cases. This comprehensive repository design acknowledges not only the massive volumes of data at hand but also the importance of long-term data preservation, access control, and data integrity. It offers a methodological blueprint for building a robust AI dataset repository capable of meeting the ever-increasing demands of a dynamic AI landscape. In this context, the chapter includes the methodological approach for the creation of a specialized AI dataset repository, which is being developed within the framework of the EU-funded FaRADAI project (GA no. 101103386) and aims at advancing AI technology for defence applications. The FaRADAI Dataset Repository (FDR) plays a pivotal role in facilitating collaboration among project partners by serving as a centralized hub for secure and efficient data storage and access.
AI Applied to Intelligence and Security: Technologies and EC-Funded Initiatives
Authors: Frascà Domenico , Zanasi Alessandro , Ustenko Maria , Fratantoni Paola , Venturi Giulia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter reports on the artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and EC-funded initiatives and research projects focused on the application of AI to the security and intelligence fields. Nowadays, the AI technology is transversal to a multitude of activities in all phases of the intelligence cycle. In particular, the use of AI in the phases of collection, processing, and analysis of data and information is now part of the state of the art. Several software tools, frameworks, and techniques are available, and security and intelligence practitioners that make use of AI technologies often adapt and customize these frameworks for the context and purpose of the specific operational case.
SAFERS: Structured Approaches for Forest Fire Emergencies in Resilient Societies
Authors: Arnaudo Edoardo , Bruno Luca , Oldani Federico , Laine Marko , Bielski Conrad , Croci Alberto , Trucchia Andrea , Masa Panagiota , Rossi Claudio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractForest fires, exacerbated by the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, remain a pressing concern. Developing effective forest fire emergency management systems is paramount to mitigate the impacts of future events. The SAFERS project (Structured Approaches for Forest fire Emergencies in Resilient Societies) addresses this challenge by proposing a modular and comprehensive Emergency Management System (EMS) encompassing all phases of the emergency management cycle. The main backbone of SAFERS is composed of Intelligent Services (ISs) linked with a web-based platform allowing data visualization and end-user interactions. These services integrate diverse data sources, including Earth Observation data, meteorological forecasts, and crowdsourced information. Through advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, the ISs enable early warnings, rapid fire detection, propagation prediction, postevent assessment, and monitoring of soil recovery. This work focuses on these services and on the methodologies applied within SAFERS to enhance decision-making capabilities, facilitate effective response strategies, and promote resilience in the face of forest fire emergencies.
Is Public Procurement a Hindering Factor in the Uptake of Innovation?
Authors: Kubinec Jozef 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnd users in the security sector often perceive public procurement as hindering innovation uptake. The chapter debates the role of public procurement in security research and innovation, presents the steps that the project iProcureNet is taking to promote innovation and offers suggestions of public procurement practices to public buyers that can promote innovation, such as joint cross-border public procurement, preliminary market consultation, value engineering and functional specifications. This chapter aims to analyse some of the public procurement instruments that can potentially promote innovation and presents practical suggestions on how public buyers, end users and researchers can utilise public procurement so that it no longer hinders innovation uptake.
Policy Recommendations for Combating New Trends in Drug Trafficking
Authors: Makri Freideriki , Dimitrakopoulou Genny , Kapsalis Nikolaos , Kokkinis George 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDrug trafficking is a serious threat to the security and well-being of the European Union’s citizens. Organised criminal groups involved in drug trafficking exploit new information and communication technologies to evade law enforcement agencies and use the profits from illegal drugs to fund other criminal activities. This chapter presents the findings and policy recommendations of the work performed by the Mediterranean and Black Sea Network of security practitioners. The research performed focuses on the operational challenges and the capability gaps experienced in the fight against drug trafficking, and specifically heroin trafficking from Asia to Europe through the Balkan route. The chapter outlines the methodology used by the network of practitioners to first identify and then analyse the security gaps and challenges they are currently experiencing. Research and academia support security practitioners to develop a series of policy recommendations required to overcome these challenges. The policy recommendations focused on interconnecting existing security databases, expanding the mandate of Passenger Information Units to other modes of transport, harmonising and advancing the lawful interception process, better regulating the end-to-end encryption in modern communication channels, and developing a framework for the seizure of cryptocurrencies. The chapter concludes that enhancing information exchange and cooperation between security stakeholders at the national and EU levels, as well as developing advanced technological solutions in the fields of intelligence analysis, scanning of freights and intercepting criminal communications, are essential for combating drug trafficking effectively.
Measuring Forest Resilience Against Wildfires and Climate Change: Methods and Technical Approaches
Authors: Demestichas Konstantinos , Sykas Dimitrios , Zografakis Dimitrios , Kaloudis Spyridon , Kalapodis Nikolaos , Sakkas Georgios , Athanasiou Miltiadis , Costopoulou Constantina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractForest ecosystems, vital for biodiversity and climate regulation, are increasingly threatened by wildfires and climate change. This book chapter aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of methods used to measure forest resilience against these threats. This involves exploring both quantitative methodologies, focusing on specific ecosystem parameters, and qualitative ones that seek to understand contributing social and ecological factors. Earth Observation is emphasized as a critical tool for monitoring changes in forest health. The chapter underscores that forest resilience is multifaceted and cannot be described by a single metric; diverse approaches, including hydrological monitoring, machine learning, and decision support systems, are needed. Challenges in measuring resilience are discussed, such as dealing with heterogeneous data and the complexity of forest ecosystems. However, advances in technology provide significant opportunities for enhancing our understanding and ability to ensure the continued survival and prosperity of forest ecosystems.
Dry Liposculpture of the Calves and Ankles—A Novel Technique for Sculpting the Lower Legs
Authors: Niddam Jeremy , Castel Noam , Berl Ariel , Shalom Avshalom 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Liposuction of the calves and ankles was historically described as a “taboo” procedure and linked with higher postoperative pain and unpleasing aesthetic results.

Objectives
This study presents a Novel technique for dry liposculpture of the calves and ankles using a tourniquet, as a safe and less painful procedure, which achieves better aesthetic results.

Methods
This single surgeon, retrospective study included 70 women who underwent surgery based on the technique described. Details regarding the surgical outcomes and pain levels were collected, and patients completed 2 years of follow-up.

Results
A mean of 1395 cc fat was aspirated from both legs, combined, and the mean duration of surgery was 98 minutes. No major complications were observed, and postoperative pain levels were low. Pre- and post-surgery pictures were evaluated by 8 certified senior plastic surgeons for aesthetic results.

Discussion
The findings suggest that dry liposculpture is suitable for reshaping the calves and ankles.

Conclusions
This technique is safe, with precise and satisfactory aesthetic results, low levels of postoperative pain, and may take less time to perform than wet liposuction.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Parents caring and sham-feeding their child born with Esophageal atresia at home while waiting for reconstructive surgery
Authors: Tollne AnnaMaria , Öst Elin , Nilsson Tuva , Almström Markus , Svensson Jan F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
For children with Esophageal atresia who have to wait for reconstructive surgery, long hospital stay, delayed introduction of oral feeds and hampered oro-motor function has traditionally been draw-backs for this treatment as the patients have minimal training of oro-motor function while waiting for surgery. In this paper, we present the concept of sham-feed at home awaiting reconstructive surgery with the aim to obliviate these problems. The aim was to describe the characteristics of patients with Esophageal atresia waiting for reconstructive surgery sham-feeding at home by their parents and further describe adverse events that arose.

Methods
The study is a retrospective descriptive single center study on all children with a delayed reconstruction of Esophageal atresia who was sham-fed by their parents at home before reconstructive surgery between January 2010 and January 2023 at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm.

Results
Nine patients where home waiting for reconstructive surgery for a median of 72 days. No adverse events were reported related to the sham-feed procedure at home. The children had reconstructive surgery at a median 120 days of age. Five of the children ate full meals orally day 8–27 after surgery. Two children ate fully before 1 year after surgery. Two children had surgery less than 1 year ago and were not eating fully orally at the time of data collection.

Conclusion
Sham-feeding at home by the parents was safe and feasible with the benefits of a prolonged time out of hospital awaiting reconstructive surgery.
Does the femoral component design modified in consideration of Asian anatomical characteristics fit better than the conventional design for Korean femora in reality?
Authors: Jung Seok Jin , Kim Han Sol , Rhee Seung Joon , Lee Sang Min , D’lima Darryl D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
We aimed to investigate the anatomical and clinical advantages of an Asian-specific femoral component design with a high femoral aspect ratio, compared with the conventional femoral component design.

Materials and methods
A retrospective analysis of the operation and outpatient clinic records of 239 knees operated on using an anatomically modified femoral component design (MFCD, Group A) and 153 knees operated on using a conventional femoral component design (CFCD, Group B) in Korean patients was performed. Three subgroups were created based on the mediolateral size of the two different femoral component designs. The geometric accommodation of each femoral component was assessed using intraoperatively measured femoral posterior condylar resection and posterior condylar trimming amounts. Clinical outcomes were assessed using a range of motion (ROM) and patient-reported outcome measurements.

Results
In the comparison between Groups A and B, the mean combined bilateral posterior condylar trimming (XPCT) was 2.91 [2SD: − 4.12–9.94] and 1.45 [2SD: − 5.89–8.80], and the median XPCT was 3 and 1.5. In the largest subgroup (subgroup 2), Groups A and B included 100 and 112 patients, all six posterior condylar resection and trimming parameters were significantly larger in Group A. Preoperative and postoperative ROM and Hospital for Special Surgery scores were similar between the two groups. Preoperative Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) was higher in Group A. However, postoperative WOMAC was similar between the groups. Perioperative improvement in WOMAC index was significantly greater in Group B.

Conclusions
The Asian-specific femoral component design resulted in more resection and trimming of the femoral posterior condyle than the conventional design despite it was not associated with different clinical outcomes. Surgeons should be aware of unexpected excessive posterior condylar resection and formation of large flexion gap when using femoral component design with high femoral aspect ratio.
Effect of intravenous different drugs on the prevention of restlessness during recovery period of pediatric laparoscopic surgery: a randomized control trial
Authors: Liang Zhi-Jie , Liang Jia-Mei , Nong Xiao-Ling , Chen Ni-Qiao , Liu An-Yuan , Sun Xiao-Qiang , Lu Yi-Xing , Ou Zhuo-Xin , Li Sheng-Lan , Lin Yu-Nan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To explored the impact of dexmedetomidine and esketamine in mitigating restlessness during the postoperative recovery phase following laparoscopic surgery in children.

Methods
102 individuals aged 1 to 7 years experiencing laparoscopic surgery were randomly allocated into three groups, each accepting 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine, 0.3 mg/kg of esketamine, or saline immediately at the end of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. Emergence agitation (EA) occurrence was assessed by PAED scale and 5-point agitation scale. Pain was judged using Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale. The recovery time, extubation time, and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay time were recorded for all three groups.

Results
Patients administered 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine (8.8%) and individuals given 0.3 mg/kg of esketamine (11.8%) showed lower incidences of emergence agitation compared to those receiving saline (35.5%; P = 0.009). There was no statistically significant difference in the time to discharge from the PACU among the three groups of patients (P > 0.05). The recovery time and extubation time were notably extended in the dexmedetomidine group (40.88 ± 12.95 min, 42.50 ± 13.38 min) when compared to the saline group (32.56 ± 13.05 min, 33.29 ± 11.30 min; P = 0.009, P = 0.010).

Conclusion
Following CO2 pneumoperitoneum in pediatric laparoscopic surgeries, the intravenous administration of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine or 0.3 mg/kg esketamine effectively lowers EA occurrence without extending PACU time.
A multibody simulation of the spine for objectification of biomechanical quantities after VBT: a proof of concept and description of baseline data
Authors: Frank Jil , Pishnamaz Miguel , Ignasiak Dominika , Trobisch Per David , Hildebrand Frank , Praster Maximilian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Vertebral Body Tethering (VBT), an alternative treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, shows satisfactory post-operative results. However, the biomechanical quantities and consequences after VBT surgery remain largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the spinal biomechanics during different motions using a multibody simulation approach.

Methods
The tether and intervertebral compression forces were simulated in a validated spine model during different physiological movements at different pre-tensions and screw positions, while considering the anatomical muscle and ligament properties.

Results
The simulations showed that an augmentation of the pre-tension and an alteration of the screw position have both significant impact on the intervertebral compression and tether forces. The forces also vary depending on the movement performed, with the highest tether forces measured during lateral bending. In the upright position, with a pre-tension of 200 N, the maximum compression force increases by up to 157% compared to the untethered maximum compression force. The screw position can lead to large differences in the distribution of forces in the spine.

Conclusion
The biomechanical data provide a first impression of the forces that occur along the spine during various physiological movements and are consistent with published clinical data. Forces are not evenly distributed along the spine, with higher lumbar forces. The tether forces reach values during lateral bending that can potentially destroy the tether´s integrity and thus may explain the common post-operative complication, namely tether breakage. The results of the model can therefore have an impact on future directions for improved surgical VBT treatment.
Long-term safety and effectiveness of romiplostim for chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in real-world settings
Authors: Obara Naoshi , Hatanaka Shigeki , Tsuji Yukie , Higashi Koji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), an autoimmune hematologic disorder characterized by severe platelet count reduction, can be treated with romiplostim. However, post-marketing safety and effectiveness data for romiplostim in Japan are scarce. This prospective, observational, post-marketing Specified Use-Results Survey evaluated the real-world safety and effectiveness of romiplostim for 2 years. All patients treated with romiplostim during the survey period were eligible. Of the 1622 patients in the safety analysis set, 94.08% (1526/1622) had chronic ITP. The mean single dose of romiplostim was stable after 12 weeks and remained < 6 μg/kg in approximately 70% of patients until 104 weeks. Within 2 years, 14.92% of patients discontinued romiplostim because of adverse events, while 6.47% discontinued because of suspected adverse drug reactions. In contrast, 14.00% of patients discontinued romiplostim because of symptom improvement. Before romiplostim initiation, platelet count was < 2.0 × 104/µL in 60.54% of patients, and the mean platelet count was 2.84 ± 5.76 × 104/µL. Platelet count was 9.19 ± 13.01 × 104/µL after 4 weeks, and remained between 10.34 ± 10.72 and 12.38 ± 12.63 × 104/µL from 8 to 104 weeks of treatment. No specific concerns were revealed regarding the safety and effectiveness of romiplostim in chronic ITP; the findings demonstrated a favorable risk–benefit balance for romiplostim in this population. Trial registration: UMIN000047864 (www.umin.ac.jp/ctr).
Information processing at the speed of light
Authors: AbuGhanem Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, quantum computing has made significant strides, particularly in light-based technology. The introduction of quantum photonic chips has ushered in an era marked by scalability, stability, and cost-effectiveness, paving the way for innovative possibilities within compact footprints. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of photonic quantum computing, covering key aspects such as encoding information in photons, the merits of photonic qubits, and essential photonic device components including light squeezers, quantum light sources, interferometers, photodetectors, and waveguides. The article also examines photonic quantum communication and internet, and its implications for secure systems, detailing implementations such as quantum key distribution and long-distance communication. Emerging trends in quantum communication and essential reconfigurable elements for advancing photonic quantum internet are discussed. The review further navigates the path towards establishing scalable and fault-tolerant photonic quantum computers, highlighting quantum computational advantages achieved using photons. Additionally, the discussion extends to programmable photonic circuits, integrated photonics and transformative applications. Lastly, the review addresses prospects, implications, and challenges in photonic quantum computing, offering valuable insights into current advancements and promising future directions in this technology.
Graphic abstract
The advantages of preoperative 3D reconstruction over 2D-CT in thoracoscopic segmentectomy
Authors: He Hao , Wang Peiyuan , Zhou Hang , Wei Wenwei , Lin Junpeng , Chen Yujie , Wang Feng , Liu Shuoyan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPerforming a pulmonary segmentectomy is a complex process, with precise localization of pulmonary nodules and recognition of intraoperative anatomical variations posing significant challenges. This study aims to assess the advantages of preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction (3D-RE) in thoracoscopic segmentectomy. The study, at Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, analyzed data from segmentectomy patients from January 2016 to February 2022. It compared 3D-RE and two-dimensional computed tomography (2D-CT) preoperative scans, focusing on perioperative complications within30 days to identify any differences. This investigation encompassed a total of 265 instances, with 148 belonging to the 3D-RE group and 117 aligned with the 2D-CT group. The 3D-RE group showed reduced intraoperative blood loss and shorter postoperative hospital stays (P < 0.001). They also had higher rates of lymph node sampling and combined subsegmentectomy and segmentectomy procedures (P < 0.01). Postoperative complications, particularly pneumonia and lung fistula, were lower in the 3D-RE group (P = 0.041). The rates of minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) were significantly higher in the 3D-RE group, while adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and benign cases were less common (P = 0.006). Surgical duration, chest tube duration, chest drainage volume, surgery complexity, and pathological diagnoses showed no significant differences between the groups. Utilization of preoperative 3D-RE holds potential to minimize both intraoperative and postoperative complications, thereby enhancing the safety and feasibility of undertaking segmentectomy procedures.