bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual Analysis of Governing Topological Structures in Excitable Network Dynamics
Authors: Ngo Quynh Quang , Hütt Marc‐Thorsten , Linsen Lars 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTo understand how topology shapes the dynamics in excitable networks is one of the fundamental problems in network science when applied to computational systems biology and neuroscience. Recent advances in the field discovered the influential role of two macroscopic topological structures, namely hubs and modules. We propose a visual analytics approach that allows for a systematic exploration of the role of those macroscopic topological structures on the dynamics in excitable networks. Dynamical patterns are discovered using the dynamical features of excitation ratio and co‐activation. Our approach is based on the interactive analysis of the correlation of topological and dynamical features using coordinated views. We designed suitable visual encodings for both the topological and the dynamical features. A degree map and an adjacency matrix visualization allow for the interaction with hubs and modules, respectively. A barycentric‐coordinates layout and a multi‐dimensional scaling approach allow for the analysis of excitation ratio and co‐activation, respectively. We demonstrate how the interplay of the visual encodings allows us to quickly reconstruct recent findings in the field within an interactive analysis and even discovered new patterns. We apply our approach to network models of commonly investigated topologies as well as to the structural networks representing the connectomes of different species. We evaluate our approach with domain experts in terms of its intuitiveness, expressiveness, and usefulness.
Time‐Series Plots Integrated in Parallel‐Coordinates Displays
Authors: Gruendl Henning , Riehmann Patrick , Pausch Yves , Froehlich Bernd 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present a natural extension of two‐dimensional parallel‐coordinates plots for revealing relationships in time‐dependent multi‐attribute data by building on the idea that time can be considered as the third dimension. A time slice through the visualization represents a certain point in time and can be viewed as a regular parallel‐coordinates display. A vertical slice through one of the axes of the parallel‐coordinates display would show a time‐series plot. For a focus‐and‐context Integration of both views, we embed time‐series plots between two adjacent axes of the parallel‐coordinates plot. Both time‐series plots are drawn using a pseudo three‐dimensional perspective with a single vanishing point. An independent parallel‐coordinates panel that connects the two perspectively displayed time‐series plots can move forward and backward in time to reveal changes in the relationship between the time‐dependent attributes. The visualization of time‐series plots in the context of the parallel‐coordinates plot facilitates the exploration of time‐related aspects of the data without the need to switch to a separate display. We provide a consistent set of tools for selecting and contrasting subsets of the data, which are important for various application domains.
MCFTLE: Monte Carlo Rendering of Finite‐Time Lyapunov Exponent Fields
Authors: Günther Tobias , Kuhn Alexander , Theisel Holger 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTraditionally, Lagrangian fields such as finite‐time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) are precomputed on a discrete grid and are ray casted afterwards. This, however, introduces both grid discretization errors and sampling errors during ray marching. In this work, we apply a progressive, view‐dependent Monte Carlo‐based approach for the visualization of such Lagrangian fields in time‐dependent flows. Our approach avoids grid discretization and ray marching errors completely, is consistent, and has a low memory consumption. The system provides noisy previews that converge over time to an accurate high‐quality visualization. Compared to traditional approaches, the proposed system avoids explicitly predefined fieldline seeding structures, and uses a Monte Carlo sampling strategy named Woodcock tracking to distribute samples along the view ray. An acceleration of this sampling strategy requires local upper bounds for the FTLE values, which we progressively acquire during the rendering. Our approach is tailored for high‐quality visualizations of complex FTLE fields and is guaranteed to faithfully represent detailed ridge surface structures as indicators for Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS). We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by using a set of analytic test cases and real‐world numerical simulations.
Decoupled Shading for Real‐time Heterogeneous Volume Illumination
Authors: Zhang Y. , Ma K.‐L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExisting real‐time volume rendering techniques which support global illumination are limited in modeling distinct realistic appearances for classified volume data, which is a desired capability in many fields of study for illustration and education. Directly extending the emission‐absorption volume integral with heterogeneous material shading becomes unaffordable for real‐time applications because the high‐frequency view‐dependent global lighting needs to be evaluated per sample along the volume integral. In this paper, we present a decoupled shading algorithm for multi‐material volume rendering that separates global incident lighting evaluation from per‐sample material shading under multiple light sources. We show how the incident lighting calculation can be optimized through a sparse volume integration method. The quality, performance and usefulness of our new multi‐material volume rendering method is demonstrated through several examples.
A Survey of Perceptually Motivated 3D Visualization of Medical Image Data
Authors: Preim Bernhard , Baer Alexandra , Cunningham Douglas , Isenberg Tobias , Ropinski Timo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis survey provides an overview of perceptually motivated techniques for the visualization of medical image data, including physics‐based lighting techniques as well as illustrative rendering that incorporate spatial depth and shape cues. Additionally, we discuss evaluations that were conducted in order to study the perceptual effects of these visualization techniques as compared to conventional techniques. These evaluations assessed depth and shape perception with depth judgment, orientation matching, and related tasks. This overview of existing techniques and their evaluation serves as a basis for defining the evaluation process of medical visualizations and to discuss a research agenda.
The State of the Art in Cartograms
Authors: Nusrat Sabrina , Kobourov Stephen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCartograms combine statistical and geographical information in thematic maps, where areas of geographical regions (e.g., countries, states) are scaled in proportion to some statistic (e.g., population, income). Cartograms make it possible to gain insight into patterns and trends in the World around us and have been very popular visualizations for geo‐referenced data for over a century. This Work surveys cartogram research in visualization, cartography and geometry, covering a broad spectrum of different cartogram types: from the traditional rectangular and table cartograms, to Dorling and diffusion cartograms. A particular focus is the study of the major cartogram dimensions: statistical accuracy, geographical accuracy, and topological accuracy. We review the history of cartograms, describe the algorithms for generating them, and consider task taxonomies. We also review quantitative and qualitative evaluations, and we use these to arrive at design guidelines and research challenges.
Deubiquitylating enzyme, USP9X, regulates proliferation of cells of head and neck cancer lines
Authors: Nanayakkara D. M. , Nguyen M. N. , Wood S. A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesTruncating mutations in USP9X have been identified in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The aim of this study was to determine USP9X's functional role, if any, in head and neck cancer cells.Materials and methodsUSP9X was depleted/overexpressed in head and neck cancer cell line: SCC15 (tongue), CAL27 (tongue), FaDu (pharynx) and Detroit 562 (pharynx). Cell proliferation was monitored using the CyQUANT assay, and cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. Immunoblot assays were conducted to assess protein levels. RT‐qPCR was performed to determine Notch and Wnt pathway target gene expression.ResultsOur data showed a direct correlation between USP9X protein levels and proliferation, as well as Notch pathway activity in head and neck cancer cells. However, at least in FaDu, USP9X did not appear to regulate proliferation through the Notch pathway. Immunoblotting revealed a dramatic reduction in downstream targets of mTOR complex 1, namely total ribosomal protein (S6) and its phosphorylated form (pS6), when USP9X was depleted in FaDu cells. In contrast, in immortalized but non‐tumorigenic HaCaT keratinocytes, USP9X depletion led to increase in cell proliferation, maintaining direct regulation of Notch activity.ConclusionsThe functional role of USP9X was found to be context dependent. USP9X possibly promotes head and neck cancer cell proliferation through the mTOR pathway.
Spirituelles Wohlbefinden und Coping bei Sklerodermie, Lupus erythematodes und malignem Melanom
Authors: Pilch Michaela , Scharf Sabina Nadine , Lukanz Martin , Wutte Nora Johanna , Fink‐Puches Regina , Glawischnig‐Goschnik Monika , Unterrainer ­Human‐Friedrich , Aberer Elisabeth 
Published: July 2016

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleReligiös‐spirituelles Wohlbefinden ist verbunden mit höherer Vitalität und verminderter Depressionsneigung. In unserer Studie untersuchten wir die Strategien zur Krankheitsbewältigung und die Rolle von Religiosität‐Spiritualität (R‐S) zur Verbesserung des subjektiven Wohlbefindens.Patienten und Methodik149 Patienten (107 Frauen), 44 mit systemischer Sklerodermie (SKL), 48 mit Lupus erythematodes (LE) und 57 mit malignem Melanom (MM), Stadium I–II, wurden mittels eines selbstentwickelten Fragebogens zum subjektiven Wohlbefinden, zu den mit der Erkrankung einhergehenden Umständen sowie mit dem Multidimensionalen Inventar (MI‐RSB) zu R‐S befragt.ErgebnisseLE‐Patienten sind zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung stärker belastet als SKL‐ und MM‐Patienten. SKL‐ und LE‐Patienten können erst nach Jahren die Erkrankung akzeptieren. Der Gesamtscore des religiös‐spirituellen Befindens liegt bei LE‐Patienten signifikant unter dem Wert der Normalbevölkerung. Fotosensitivität und Gelenksschmerzen sind bei LE‐Patienten negativ assoziiert mit der Fähigkeit Vergeben zu können. SKL‐Patienten mit Gesichtsveränderungen und Lungenbeteiligung zeigen höhere allgemeine Religiosität. MM‐Patienten haben höhere Werte für transzendente Hoffnung.SchlussfolgerungenVorträge über die Krankheit und psychologische Betreuung sind die wichtigsten Bedürfnisse von Patienten mit SKL, LE und MM an ihre Betreuer. Religiös‐spirituelle Angebote zur Krankheitsverarbeitung scheinen derzeit eine untergeordnete Rolle zu spielen, könnten aber eine wichtige Ressource sein, der man in Zukunft mehr Aufmerksamkeit schenken sollte.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors: a milestone in the treatment of melanoma
Authors: Wilden Sophia M. , Lang Berenice M. , Mohr Peter , Grabbe Stephan 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIt has been known for decades that the immune system is able to detect and destroy tumor cells. In the past, this knowledge – mostly acquired through animal experiments – could not be used to benefit our patients, because immuno‐oncological therapeutic approaches in humans had constantly failed over recent decades. With the exception of adjuvant interferon therapy, none of these approaches had found its way into everyday clinical practice, and only very few patients were able to enjoy long‐term survival associated with good quality of life. With the advent of novel immunological approaches, the meaning of long‐term survival as well as quality of life has been redefined for oncological patients. For the first time, a significant percentage of patients responds to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, showing long‐term remission and even cure. It has already become apparent that immunotherapy will in the future be one of the therapeutic mainstays in the treatment of metastatic melanoma as well as many other tumor types. The present review article presents the most important new treatment modalities, their mechanism of action, clinical data regarding treatment response, and adverse events to be expected.
Survey zu sensibilisierenden Inhaltsstoffen von oxidativen Haarfarben (Konsumenten‐ und Kabinettware) in Deutschland
Authors: Kirchlechner Stephan , Hübner Anja , Uter Wolfgang 
Published: July 2016

ZusammenfassungHintergrundBestandteile oxidativer Haarfarben, wie z. B. p‐Toluylendiamin, sind zum einen teils hochpotente Kontaktallergene, zum anderen sind zahlreiche Verbraucher, Friseurkunden bzw. Friseure exponiert.MethodikSurvey zur Exposition gegenüber aktiven Komponenten oxidativer Haarfarben in Deutschland, basierend auf der Erfassung der qualitativen Produktrezeptur nach INCI, gesondert für Konsumenten‐ und die in den Salons verwendete „Kabinett“‐Ware, bei der auch das gemeinsame Vorkommen der Bestandteile dargestellt wird.ErgebnisseDie 20 am häufigsten verwendeten Stoffe sind nahezu ausnahmslos starke oder sehr starke Sensibilisatoren; Spitzenreiter ist p‐Toluylendiaminsulfat, das in 88 % aller Produkte enthalten ist. Zwischen Produkten im Einzelhandel und professionellen Produkten im Friseurfachhandel bestehen nur geringe Häufigkeitsunterschiede. Häufige Kombinationen bestehen zwischen p‐Toluylendiamin, Resorcin sowie m‐Aminophenol, wobei die Einsatzkonzentrationen, die in dieser Studie nicht untersucht werden konnten, je nach Nuance sehr unterschiedlich sind.SchlussfolgerungenDie univariate Betrachtung zeigt, dass die aktuelle „Friseurstoff‐Reihe“ der Deutschen Kontaktallergie‐Gruppe das Expositions‐Spektrum von Allergenen nicht gut abdeckt; überdies legen auch Ergebnisse anderer Studien nahe, dass eine Reihe weiterer Allergene getestet werden sollte. Darüber hinaus bedarf der Effekt einer kombinierten Exposition gegenüber mehreren Allergenen gleichzeitig, mit der besonderen dynamischen Allergokinetik oxidativer Haarfarben, hinsichtlich des Sensibilisierungsrisikos weiterer Forschung.
Pragmatism, Structural Reform and the Politics of Inequality in Global Public Health
Authors: O'Laughlin Bridget 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTDespite broad international agreement on the importance of addressing global health inequalities on grounds of both social justice and health security, there is little accord on how this should be done. The Debate that follows interrogates the role that capital and corporate institutions have assumed in defining and implementing global healthcare reforms. The contributors to the Debate do not agree on the legitimacy of the classic oppositions in design of healthcare — state vs market or public vs private. Nor do they concur on the (in)compatibility between pragmatic collaboration with corporate institutions and realization of norms of social justice in health. Yet all do agree that unequal access to healthcare is only one of the structural determinants of inequalities in global health. Global capital is implicated in structural patterns of investment that have made jobs, wages and land‐based livelihoods insecure and unhealthy, fouled air and water and profited from spiralling costs of drugs and treatment. On such an economically and politically conflictual terrain, it is unlikely that collaboration with corporate institutions is consistent with structural assault on the social determinants of global inequalities in health.
The possible consequences for cognitive functions of external electric fields at power line frequency on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons
Authors: Migliore Rosanna , De Simone Giada , Leinekugel Xavier , Migliore Michele 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe possible effects on cognitive processes of external electric fields, such as those generated by power line pillars and household appliances are of increasing public concern. They are difficult to study experimentally, and the relatively scarce and contradictory evidence make it difficult to clearly assess these effects. In this study, we investigate how, why and to what extent external perturbations of the intrinsic neuronal activity, such as those that can be caused by generation, transmission and use of electrical energy can affect neuronal activity during cognitive processes. For this purpose, we used a morphologically and biophysically realistic three‐dimensional model of CA1 pyramidal neurons. The simulation findings suggest that an electric field oscillating at power lines frequency, and environmentally measured strength, can significantly alter both the average firing rate and temporal spike distribution properties of a hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron. This effect strongly depends on the specific and instantaneous relative spatial location of the neuron with respect to the field, and on the synaptic input properties. The model makes experimentally testable predictions on the possible functional consequences for normal hippocampal functions such as object recognition and spatial navigation. The results suggest that, although EF effects on cognitive processes may be difficult to occur in everyday life, their functional consequences deserve some consideration, especially when they constitute a systematic presence in living environments.
Integrative concepts of rosacea pathophysiology, clinical presentation and new therapeutics
Authors: Holmes Anna D. , Steinhoff Martin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRosacea is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease with high prevalence worldwide. Recent research suggests that dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune pathways as well as neurovascular changes is present, with different degrees of importance in the various subtypes. Neither the aetiology, genetics nor pathophysiological basis of the vascular, inflammatory or fibrotic changes is well understood. The clinical spectrum comprises a huge variability from erythema (vasodilation) to papules/pustules (inflammatory infiltrate) to phymata (fibrosis, glandular hyperplasia) making it a valuable human disease model to understand the interplay between the neurovascular and immune systems as well as the progression from chronic inflammation to fibrosis in skin. The lack of appropriate animal models emphasizes the importance of further translational research validating observed molecular pathways under disease conditions. A wide spectrum of physical (UV, temperature), biological (microbiota, food) and endogenous (genetic, stress) stimuli has been discussed as “trigger factors” of rosacea. Novel findings implicate keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, mast cells, fibroblasts, Th1/Th17 cells, antibody‐producing B cells and neurons in the pathobiology of rosacea. So far, pattern recognition receptors like TLR2, transient receptor potential ion channels, cytokines, chemokines and proteases have been implicated as critical receptors/mediators. However, our understanding of the interactive networks on the molecular level is very limited. Identification of critical molecular components of the inflammatory cascade including antimicrobial peptides, the IL‐1β inflammasome, TNF, IFN‐γ, proteases and neuropeptides may provide the basis for novel pathomechanism‐based therapeutic approaches for this frequent and bothersome skin disease.
Acidification of stratum corneum prevents the progression from atopic dermatitis to respiratory allergy
Authors: Lee Hae‐Jin , Lee Noo Ri , Kim Bo‐Kyung , Jung Minyoung , Kim Dong Hye , Moniaga Catharina S. , Kabashima Kenji , Choi Eung Ho 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe presence of congenitally impaired skin barrier followed by atopic dermatitis (AD) is an initial step in the atopic march. The maintenance of acidic pH in the stratum corneum (SC) has been suggested as a therapeutic or preventive strategy for barrier impairment caused by skin inflammation. To determine whether an AD murine model, flaky tail mice, with inherited filaggrin deficiency could develop airway inflammation by repeated topical application followed by nasal inhalation of house dust mite (HDM) antigen (defined as a novel “atopic march animal model”), and whether maintenance of an acidic SC environment by continuous application of acidic cream could interrupt the following atopic march. During the course of HDM treatment, acidic cream (pH2.8) or neutral cream (pH7.4) was applied to flaky tail mice twice daily. Repeated applications and inhalations of HDM to flaky tail mice induced AD skin lesions followed by respiratory allergies. Maintenance of SC acidity inhibited the occurrence of respiratory allergic inflammation as well as AD‐like skin lesions. Collectively, a novel atopic march model could be developed by repeated epicutaneous and nasal applications of HDM to flaky tail mice, and that the acidification of SC could prevent the atopic march from AD to respiratory allergy.
A world of sequences: can we use georeferenced nucleotide databases for a robust automated phylogeography?
Authors: Gratton Paolo , Marta Silvio , Bocksberger Gaëlle , Winter Marten , Trucchi Emiliano , Kühl Hjalmar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimComparative phylogeography across a large number of species allows investigating community‐level processes at regional and continental scales. An effective approach to such studies would involve automatic retrieval of georeferenced sequence data from nucleotide databases (a first step towards an ‘automated phylogeography’). It remains unclear if, despite repeated calls, georeferencing of nucleotide databases has increased in frequency, and if accumulated data allow for broad applications based on automated retrieval of sequence data and associated geographical information. Here, we investigated geographical information available in NCBI GenBank accessions for tetrapods, exploring temporal and geographical patterns in georeferencing, and quantifying data available for automated phylogeography.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe developed Python and R scripts to (1) download metadata from GenBank (1,125,514 accessions, > 20,000 species); (2) geocode accessions from associated metadata; (3) map originally georeferenced and geocoded accessions and plot their frequency against time; (4) assess the size of intraspecific sets of homologous sequences and compare their geographical extent with species ranges, thus evaluating their potential for phylogeographical analyses.ResultsOnly 6.2% of surveyed tetrapod GenBank submissions reported geographical coordinates, without increase in recent years. Our geocoding raised georeferenced accessions to 15.1%. The geographical distribution of georeferenced accessions is patchy, and especially sparse in economically underdeveloped areas. Automatically retrievable informative data sets covering most of the range are available for very few species of wide‐ranging tetrapods.Main conclusionsAlthough geocoding offers a partial solution to the scarcity of direct georeferencing, the amount of data potentially useful for automated phylogeography is still limited. Strong underrepresentation of hard‐to‐access areas suggests that sampling logistics represent a main hindrance to global data availability. We propose that, besides enhancing georeferencing of genetic data, future research agendas should focus on collaborative efforts to sample genetic diversity in biodiversity‐rich tropical areas.