bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing sentinel surveillance in temporal network epidemiology
Authors: Bai Yuan , Yang Bo , Lin Lijuan , Herrera Jose L. , Du Zhanwei , Holme Petter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo help health policy makers gain response time to mitigate infectious disease threats, it is essential to have an efficient epidemic surveillance. One common method of disease surveillance is to carefully select nodes (sentinels, or sensors) in the network to report outbreaks. One would like to choose sentinels so that they discover the outbreak as early as possible. The optimal choice of sentinels depends on the network structure. Studies have addressed this problem for static networks, but this is a first step study to explore designing surveillance systems for early detection on temporal networks. This paper is based on the idea that vaccination strategies can serve as a method to identify sentinels. The vaccination problem is a related question that is much more well studied for temporal networks. To assess the ability to detect epidemic outbreaks early, we calculate the time difference (lead time) between the surveillance set and whole population in reaching 1% prevalence. We find that the optimal selection of sentinels depends on both the network’s temporal structures and the infection probability of the disease. We find that, for a mild infectious disease (low infection probability) on a temporal network in relation to potential disease spreading (the Prostitution network), the strategy of selecting latest contacts of random individuals provide the most amount of lead time. And for a more uniform, synthetic network with community structure the strategy of selecting frequent contacts of random individuals provide the most amount of lead time.
Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Children with Early Tourette Syndrome: a Resting-state fMRI Study
Authors: Liu Yue , Wang Jieqiong , Zhang Jishui , Wen Hongwei , Zhang Yue , Kang Huiying , Wang Xu , Li Wenfeng , He Huiguang , Peng Yun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset chronic disorder characterized by the presence of multiple motor and vocal tics. This study investigated the alterations of spontaneous brain activities in children with TS by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). We obtained rs-fMRI scans from 21 drug-naïve and pure TS children and 29 demographically matched healthy children. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) of rs-fMRI data were calculated to measure spontaneous brain activity. We found significant alterations of ALFF or fALFF in vision-related structures including the calcarine sulcus, the cuneus, the fusiform gyrus, and the left insula in TS children. Decreased ReHo was found in the right cerebellum. Further analysis showed that the ReHo value of the right cerebellum was positively correlated with TS duration. Our study provides empirical evidence for abnormal spontaneous neuronal activity in TS patients, which may implicate the neurophysiological mechanism in TS children. Moreover, the right cerebellum can be potentially used as a biomarker for the pathophysiology of early TS in children.
Stochastic analysis of time series for the spatial positions of particles trapped in optical tweezers
Authors: Mousavi S. M. , Reihani S. N. Seyed , Anvari G. , Anvari M. , Alinezhad H. G. , Tabar M. Reza Rahimi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe propose a nonlinear method for the analysis of the time series for the spatial position of a bead trapped in optical tweezers, which enables us to reconstruct its dynamical equation of motion. The main advantage of the method is that all the functions and parameters of the dynamics are determined directly (non-parametrically) from the measured series. It also allows us to determine, for the first time to our knowledge, the spatial-dependence of the diffusion coefficient of a bead in an optical trap, and to demonstrate that it is not in general constant. This is in contrast with the main assumption of the popularly-used power spectrum calibration method. The proposed method is validated via synthetic time series for the bead position with spatially-varying diffusion coefficients. Our detailed analysis of the measured time series reveals that the power spectrum analysis overestimates considerably the force constant.
Multicolor spectral photon-counting computed tomography: in vivo dual contrast imaging with a high count rate scanner
Authors: Cormode David P. , Si-Mohamed Salim , Bar-Ness Daniel , Sigovan Monica , Naha Pratap C. , Balegamire Joelle , Lavenne Franck , Coulon Philippe , Roessl Ewald , Bartels Matthias , Rokni Michal , Blevis Ira , Boussel Loic , Douek Philippe 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA new prototype spectral photon-counting computed tomography (SPCCT) based on a modified clinical CT system has been developed. SPCCT analysis of the energy composition of the transmitted x-ray spectrum potentially allows simultaneous dual contrast agent imaging, however, this has not yet been demonstrated with such a system. We investigated the feasibility of using this system to distinguish gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and an iodinated contrast agent. The contrast agents and calcium phosphate were imaged in phantoms. Conventional CT, gold K-edge, iodine and water images were produced and demonstrated accurate discrimination and quantification of gold and iodine concentrations in a phantom containing mixtures of the contrast agents. In vivo experiments were performed using New Zealand White rabbits at several times points after injections of AuNP and iodinated contrast agents. We found that the contrast material maps clearly differentiated the distributions of gold and iodine in the tissues allowing quantification of the contrast agents’ concentrations, which matched their expected pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, rapid, repetitive scanning was done, which allowed measurement of contrast agent kinetics with high temporal resolution. In conclusion, a clinical scale, high count rate SPCCT system is able to discriminate gold and iodine contrast media in different organs in vivo.
Fluorescence via Reverse Intersystem Crossing from Higher Triplet States in a Bisanthracene Derivative
Authors: Sato Tohru , Hayashi Rika , Haruta Naoki , Pu Yong-Jin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo elucidate the high external quantum efficiency observed for organic light-emitting diodes using a bisanthracene derivative (BD1), non-radiative transition processes as well as radiative ones are discussed employing time-dependent density functional theory. It has been previously reported that the observed high external quantum efficiency of BD1 cannot be explained by the conventional thermally activated delayed fluorescence involving T1 exciton nor triplet-triplet annihilation. The calculated off-diagonal vibronic coupling constants of BD1, which govern the non-radiative transition rates, suggest a fluorescence via higher triplets (FvHT) mechanism, which entails the conversion of a high triplet exciton generated during electrical excitation into a fluorescent singlet exciton. This mechanism is valid as long as the relaxation of high triplet states to lower states is suppressed. In the case of BD1, its pseudo-degenerate electronic structure helps the suppression. A general condition is also discussed for the suppression of transitions in molecules with pseudo-degenerate electronic structures.
Effector T helper cell populations are elevated in the bone marrow of rheumatoid arthritis patients and correlate with disease severity
Authors: Li Shufeng , Yin Han , Zhang Kaining , Wang Ting , Yang Yun , Liu Xinguang , Chang Xiaotian , Zhang Ming , Yan Xinfeng , Ren Yanjun , Pan Wenping , Zhang Lei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study is to investigate the frequencies of T-helper (Th)22, Th17 and Th1 cells and the levels of related cytokines in subchondral bone marrow in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples were collected from RA, osteoarthritis (OA) patients and healthy controls. The frequencies of Th22, Th17, and Th1 cells were examined by flow cytometry. Levels of interleukin (IL)-22, IL-17 and IFN-γ were examined by ELISA. Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) of RA patients were analyzed. Bone marrow Th22, Th17 and Th1 cells in RA patients were markedly increased comparing to OA or healthy controls. Each T cell subset in bone marrow was elevated comparing with that in the peripheral blood in RA patients. Consistently, plasma levels of IL-22 and IL-17 were elevated in RA patients, and the elevation was more notable in the bone marrow than in the peripheral blood. Additionally, the percentages of Th22, Th17 and Th1 cells as well as the levels of IL-22 and IL-17 in bone marrow were positively correlated with DAS28. These results suggest that local pro-inflammatory Th cells are elevated in bone marrow, which may play an important role in situ in RA and contribute to the pathogenesis of in RA.
Autologous thyroid cartilage graft implantation in medialization laryngoplasty: a modified approach for treating unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Tsai Ming-Shao , Yang Ming-Yu , Chang Geng-He , Tsai Yao-Te , Lin Meng-Hung , Hsu Cheng-Ming 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMedialization laryngoplasty is the standard surgical treatment for unilateral vocal fold paralysis. This study presents a modified approach in which a thyroid cartilage graft is implanted in medialization laryngoplasty. 22 patients who underwent this approach were included in the study. The results revealed that glottal incompetence and vocal performance were markedly improved following surgery, and the follow-up period ranged from 6 to 74 months (mean, 21.4 months). Acoustic analysis revealed significant improvements in the maximum phonation time (from 3.51 to 7.89 seconds, p < 0.001), F0 (from 221.7 to 171.0 Hertz, p = 0.025), and jitter (from 7.68 to 3.19, p < 0.001). Perceptual assessment revealed a significant decrease in voice grading (from 2.59 to 1.41, p < 0.001), roughness (from 1.82 to 1.23, p = 0.004), and voice breathiness (from 2.55 to 1.23, p < 0.001). None of the patients exhibited severe wound infection, tissue rejection, or other complications attributed to the surgical procedure. In conclusion, autologous thyroid cartilage implantation in medialization laryngoplasty medializes the vocal cord, minimizes the glottal gap, and improves the voice of patients with vocal fold paralysis. This procedure is characterized by simplicity, safety, and acceptable results.
The Src family kinase inhibitor dasatinib delays pain-related behaviour and conserves bone in a rat model of cancer-induced bone pain
Authors: Appel Camilla Kristine , Gallego-Pedersen Simone , Andersen Line , Blancheflor Kristensen Sophie , Ding Ming , Falk Sarah , Sayilekshmy Manasi , Gabel-Jensen Charlotte , Heegaard Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPain is a severe and debilitating complication of metastatic bone cancer. Current analgesics do not provide sufficient pain relief for all patients, creating a great need for new treatment options. The Src kinase, a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase, is implicated in processes involved in cancer-induced bone pain, including cancer growth, osteoclastic bone degradation and nociceptive signalling. Here we investigate the role of dasatinib, an oral Src kinase family and Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in an animal model of cancer-induced bone pain. Daily administration of dasatinib (15 mg/kg, p.o.) from day 7 after inoculation of MRMT-1 mammary carcinoma cells significantly attenuated movement-evoked and non-evoked pain behaviour in cancer-bearing rats. Radiographic - and microcomputed tomographic analyses showed significantly higher relative bone density and considerably preserved bone micro-architecture in the dasatinib treated groups, suggesting a bone-preserving effect. This was supported by a significant reduction of serum TRACP 5b levels in cancer-bearing rats treated with 15 mg/kg dasatinib. Furthermore, immunoblotting of lumbar spinal segments showed an increased activation of Src but not the NMDA receptor subunit 2B. These findings support a role of dasatinib as a disease modifying drug in pain pathologies characterized by increased osteoclast activity, such as bone metastases.
In-plane anisotropy and twin boundary effects in vanadium nitride under nanoindentation
Authors: Fu Tao , Peng Xianghe , Huang Cheng , Xiang Henggao , Weng Shayuan , Wang Zhongchang , Hu Ning 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTwin boundaries (TBs) have been observed in and introduced into nonmetallic materials in recent years, which brought new concepts for the design of new structural materials. However, the roles of TB on the mechanical properties and strengthening/softening of transition metal nitrides remain unclear. To investigate the TB effects and the in-plane anisotropy, nanoindentations on VN (111) films with and without TB were simulated with molecular dynamics, in which a cylindrical indenter was used, and its longitudinal axis were assigned along <112> and <110>, respectively. We found that the effect of the indenter orientation is insignificant in the elastic stage, but significant in the following inelastic deformation. Different deformation mechanisms can be found for inelastic deformation, such as twinning and dislocation glide. The migration of TB can be observed, which may release the internal stress, resulting in softening; while the dislocation locking and pileup at TB can enhance the strength. We also found that the strengthening/softening induced by TB depends on the deformation mechanisms induced by indenter directions.
Chrysanthemum WRKY gene DgWRKY5 enhances tolerance to salt stress in transgenic chrysanthemum
Authors: Liang Qian-yu , Wu Yin-huan , Wang Ke , Bai Zhen-yu , Liu Qing-lin , Pan Yuan-zhi , Zhang Lei , Jiang Bei-bei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth development, resistance and substance metabolism regulation. However, the exact function of the response to salt stress in plants with specific WRKY transcription factors remains unclear. In this research, we isolated a new WRKY transcription factor DgWRKY5 from chrysanthemum. DgWRKY5 contains two WRKY domains of WKKYGQK and two C2H2 zinc fingers. The expression of DgWRKY5 in chrysanthemum was up-regulated under various treatments. Meanwhile, we observed higher expression levels in the leaves contrasted with other tissues. Under salt stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes in transgenic chrysanthemum were significantly higher than those in WT, whereas the accumulation of H2O2, O2− and malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced in transgenic chrysanthemum. Several parameters including root length, root length, fresh weight, chlorophyll content and leaf gas exchange parameters in transgenic chrysanthemum were much better compared with WT under salt stress. Moreover, the expression of stress-related genes DgAPX, DgCAT, DgNCED3A, DgNCED3B, DgCuZnSOD, DgP5CS, DgCSD1 and DgCSD2 was up-regulated in DgWRKY5 transgenic chrysanthemum compared with that in WT. These results suggested that DgWRKY5 could function as a positive regulator of salt stress in chrysanthemum.
Modifications of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell envelope in the cystic fibrosis airway alters interactions with immune cells
Authors: Hill Preston J. , Scordo Julia M. , Arcos Jesús , Kirkby Stephen E. , Wewers Mark D. , Wozniak Daniel J. , Torrelles Jordi B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental organism and an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic lung infections in the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients as well as other immune-compromised individuals. During infection, P. aeruginosa enters the terminal bronchioles and alveoli and comes into contact with alveolar lining fluid (ALF), which contains homeostatic and antimicrobial hydrolytic activities, termed hydrolases. These hydrolases comprise an array of lipases, glycosidases, and proteases and thus, they have the potential to modify lipids, carbohydrates and proteins on the surface of invading microbes. Here we show that hydrolase levels between human ALF from healthy and CF patients differ. CF-ALF influences the P. aeruginosa cell wall by reducing the content of one of its major polysaccharides, Psl. This CF-ALF induced Psl reduction does not alter initial bacterial attachment to surfaces but reduces biofilm formation. Importantly, exposure of P. aeruginosa to CF-ALF drives the activation of neutrophils and triggers their oxidative response; thus, defining human CF-ALF as a new innate defense mechanism to control P. aeruginosa infection, but at the same time potentially adding to the chronic inflammatory state of the lung in CF patients.
Costs and Perioperative Outcomes Associated with Open versus Endoscopic Resection of Sinonasal Malignancies with Skull Base Involvement
Authors: Fu Terence , Monteiro Eric , Witterick Ian , Vescan Allan , Zadeh Gelareh , Gentili Fred , de Almeida John 
Published: June 2017

Objective To compare financial and perioperative outcomes between endoscopic and open surgical approaches in the surgical management of sinonasal malignancies.
Design Retrospective chart review.
Setting Tertiary care hospital.
Participants Patients undergoing surgical resection of a sinonasal malignancy from January 2000 to December 2014.
Main Outcome Measures In-hospital costs, complications, and length of stay (LOS).
Results Of 106 patients, 91 received open surgery (19 free flap and 72 non-free flap) and 15 were treated with purely endoscopic approaches. Free flaps had a significantly higher average cost, operative time, and LOS compared to both non-free flap (p < 0.001, < 0.001, and < 0.01) and endoscopic (p = 0.01, 0.04, and < 0.01) groups. There were no significant differences in average costs between endoscopic and non-free flap groups ($19,157 vs. $14,806, p = 0.20) or LOS (5.7 vs. 6.4 days, p = 0.72). Compared with the non-free flap group, the endoscopic group had a longer average operative time (8.3 vs. 5.5 hours, p < 0.01) and higher rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (13 vs. 0%, p = 0.01) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (80 vs. 36%, p < 0.01). Surgical approach (open vs. endoscopic) was not a significant predictor of any financial or perioperative outcome on multivariable analysis.
Conclusion Hospital costs are comparable between endoscopic and open approaches when no free tissue reconstruction is required. Longer operative times, higher CSF leak rates, and our institutional protocol necessitating ICU admission for endoscopic cases may account for the failure to demonstrate cost savings with endoscopic surgery.
Mutterschaft ab 35 Jahren: Das Altersrisiko in der Wahrnehmung von Frauen – eine Literaturstudie
Authors: Niessen Karin , Werner-Bierwisch Therese , Metzing Sabine , Sayn-Wittgenstein Friederike 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Anzahl derjenigen Frauen, die im Alter von 35 Jahren oder später Mutter werden, steigt in den Industrienationen weltweit. Mit dem höheren Alter ist eine Zunahme von Risiken für die Fertilität, für die Schwangerschaft, für die Geburt und für die Neugeborenen verbunden. Risikozuschreibungen in der Schwangerschaft beeinflussen die psychosoziale Situation von Frauen negativ. Daher stellt sich die Frage, wie Frauen das Altersrisiko erleben.
Methodik Die internationale systematische Literaturrecherche wurde zwischen Dezember 2015 und März 2016 in den elektronischen Datenbanken PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO und Sowiport durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen wurden Studien, welche die Wahrnehmung der reproduktiven Altersrisiken der Mutterschaft in fortgeschrittenem Alter, definiert als ≥ 35 Jahre, fokussieren.
Ergebnisse Es wurden elf Studien unterschiedlichen Designs ausgewertet. Mit Ausnahme von Kenntnissen über die durch das Alter abnehmende Fertilität und die Zunahme bei Trisomie 21 zeigen sich insgesamt geringe Kenntnisse der Teilnehmenden über altersassoziierte Risiken. In der Konfrontation mit den Risiken werden diese als bedrohlich erlebt. Strategien im Umgang mit der Besorgnis sind vielfältig: Informationsmanagement mit Problemen von Über- und Fehlinformation und Informationsvermeidung, Ablenkung von Gedanken an Risiken, Bedürfnis nach Kontrolle und guter Vorbereitung oder eine emotionale Distanz zur Schwangerschaft. Die persönliche Risikobewertung durch die Frauen ist komplex und bezieht ihre sozialen Lebensumstände und ihren Lebensstil mit ein. Dabei werden die medizinischen Zuschreibungen relativiert. Durch die Fokussierung ein gesundes Kind zu gebären unterbleibt häufig die Vorbereitung auf das Leben mit dem Neugeborenen. Auswirkungen auf das Erleben von Mutterschaft zeigen sich insbesondere in einer postpartalen Überforderung in der Versorgung des Neugeborenen.
Diskussion Das Altersrisiko kann von den Betroffenen nur unzureichend eingeschätzt werden. Es zeigen sich verschiedene aus der Risikoforschung bekannte Phänomene. Die medizinische Risikoeinschätzung unterscheidet sich von der Risikowahrnehmung der Frauen. Die Folgen für das Erleben der Mutterschaft machen das Konzept des Altersrisikos diskussionswürdig. Diese Ergebnisse legen für die Gesundheitsberufe nahe, die Versorgung von Schwangeren in fortgeschrittenem Alter stärker auf gesundheitsfördernde Aspekte, Partnerschaft und das Neugeborene auszurichten.
Das endoskopische Browlift mittels Endotine Forehead Device
bei Fazialisparese
Authors: Holtmann Laura , Büchsenschütz Kerstin , Eckstein Anja , Schlüter Anke , Lang Stephan , Mattheis Stefan 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Augenpartie ist sowohl in funktioneller Hinsicht als auch
für die Expression von Emotionen von zentraler Bedeutung. Eine chronische
Fazialisparese mit Lähmung des Stirnastes kann zu einer Brauenptosis mit
Einschränkungen des Gesichtsfeldes und einer deutlichen Asymmetrie des Gesichts
führen. Das endoskopische Browlift mit resorbierbarem Endotine Forehead Device
stellt ein attraktives Konzept zur Korrektur der Brauenptosis und
Symmetrisierung der Stirn-/Brauenregion dar.
Material und Methoden Das endoskopische Augenbrauen- und Stirnlift unter
Anwendung des Endotine Forehead Devices wurde in unserer Klinik bisher an 9
Patienten mit Fazialisparese durchgeführt. Das intraoperative Handling,
Komplikationen und das postoperative Ergebnis wurden analysiert. Die
Symmetrisierung der Augenbrauen wurde durch die FACEgram-Software erfasst. Zur
postoperativen Abfrage der Patientenzufriedenheit wurde nach durchschnittlich 10
Monaten der Glasgow Benefit Inventory Fragebogen eingesetzt.
Ergebnisse Mit Hilfe des endoskopischen Stirnlifts mit dem Endotine
Forehead Device gelang eine minimal-invasive, komplikationsarme Symmetrisierung
der Stirn- und Augenbrauenregion. Operationsbedingte Morbiditäten wurden nicht
kaum beobachtet. Folgende Komplikationen wurden beobachtet: Eine Patientin
erlitt eine Rezidivptosis bei postoperativem Hämatom. Eine weitere empfand die
Palpabilität des Device als störend. Die Patienten berichteten über eine
postoperative Steigerung der Lebensqualität, d.er durchschnittliche Punktwert im
Glasgow Benefit Inventory nach der Operation lag bei + 29,2 (SD 13,6).
Schlussfolgerungen Das endoskopische Brow- und Stirnlift mit dem Endotine
Forehead Device stellt eine erfolgreiche, komplikationsarme Therapieoption bei
Brauenptosis in Folge einer Fazialisparese dar.