bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bi‐enzyme Electrochemical Sensor for Selective Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides with Phenolic Leaving Groups
Authors: Stoytcheva Margarita , Zlatev Roumen , Montero Gisela , Velkova Zdravka , Gochev Velizar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn amperometric bi‐enzyme sensor for detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) with phenolic leaving groups, which are not electroactive, is presented in this work. The biosensing platform was created by a simple, controllable, and reproducible one‐step electrodeposition onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode of a chitosan bionanocomposite with entrapped carboxylated multi walled carbon nanotubes, organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The OPs determination involved a sequence of OPH and HRP‐catalyzed reactions resulting in phenolic radicals production, which were quantified by registering the current of their reduction at a potential of −50 mV vs. Ag, AgCl/KClsat.The developed sensor was applied for the determination of prothiofos, as an example. At optimized conditions (pH 7.25 and H2O2 concentration 200 μmol L−1), a LOD as low as 0.8 μmol L−1 was attained, while the linear concentration range was extended from 2.64 μmol L−1 up to 35 μmol L−1. The main advantage of the proposed bi‐enzyme sensor is its selectivity toward the OPs with phenolic leaving groups, excluding the interference of the nitrophenyl‐substituted OPs.
Peripheral nerve growth within a hydrogel microchannel scaffold supported by a kink‐resistant conduit
Authors: Shahriari Dena , Shibayama Masataka , Lynam Daniel A. , Wolf Kayle J. , Kubota Go , Koffler Jacob Y. , Tuszynski Mark H. , Campana Wendy M. , Sakamoto Jeff S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNerve repair in several mm‐long nerve gaps often requires an interventional technology. Microchannel scaffolds have proven effective for bridging nerve gaps and guiding axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Nonetheless, fabricating microchannel scaffolds at this length scale remains a challenge and/or is time consuming and cumbersome. In this work, a simple computer‐aided microdrilling technique was used to fabricate 10 mm‐long agarose scaffolds consisting of 300 µm‐microchannels and 85 µm‐thick walls in less than an hour. The agarose scaffolds alone, however, did not exhibit adequate stiffness and integrity to withstand the mechanical stresses during implantation and suturing. To provide mechanical support and enable suturing, poly caprolactone (PCL) conduits were fabricated and agarose scaffolds were placed inside. A modified salt‐leaching technique was developed to introduce interconnected porosity in PCL conduits to allow for tuning of the mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and strain to failure. It was shown that the PCL conduits were effective in stabilizing the agarose scaffolds in 10 mm‐long sciatic nerve gaps of rats for at least 8 weeks. Robust axon ingress and Schwann cell penetration were observed within the microchannel scaffolds without using growth factors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3392–3399, 2017.
Fabrication and characterization of electrospun laminin‐functionalized silk fibroin/poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibrous scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Rajabi Mina , Firouzi Masoumeh , Hassannejad Zahra , Haririan Ismaeil , Zahedi Payam 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe peripheral nerve regeneration is still one of the major clinical problems, which has received a great deal of attention. In this study, the electrospun silk fibroin (SF)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated and functionalized their surfaces with laminin (LN) without chemical linkers for potential use in the peripheral nerve tissue engineering. The morphology, surface chemistry, thermal behavior and wettability of the scaffolds were examined to evaluate their performance by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and water contact angle (WCA) measurements, respectively. The proliferation and viability of Schwann cells onto the surfaces of SF/PEO nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated using SEM and thiazolyl blue (MTT) assay. The results showed an improvement of SF conformation and surface hydrophilicity of SF/PEO nanofibers after methanol and O2 plasma treatments. The immunostaining observation indicated a continuous coating of LN on the scaffolds. Improving the surface hydrophilicity and LN functionalization significantly increased the cell proliferation and this was more prominent after 5 days of culture time. In conclusion, the obtained results revealed that the electrospun LN‐functionalized SF/PEO nanofibrous scaffold could be a promising candidate for peripheral nerve tissue regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1595–1604, 2018.
Pharmacokinetic changes with growth and development between birth and adulthood
Authors: O'Hara Kate 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChildren undergo many changes related to growth and development as they move from birth to adulthood. Throughout this period the pharmacokinetic processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion also undergo significant changes. These changes can affect the safety and efficacy of medications administered to children and account for the differences in dosing and toxicity seen in this population. This paper describes the pharmacokinetic changes throughout the neonatal period, childhood and into adolescence along with some practical advice on managing medications in these populations.
Drug‐Free Macromolecular Therapeutics Induce Apoptosis via Calcium Influx and Mitochondrial Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Lian , Yang Jiyuan , Wang Jiawei , Kopeček Jindřich 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecently, an innovative paradigm has been proposed in macromolecular therapeutics for treatment of B‐cell lymphomas that can specifically kill cancer cells without a drug. The design rationale of this drug‐free macromolecular therapeutic (DFMT) system is crosslinking the cell surface receptor to initiate apoptosis. However, how the apoptosis signal is triggered after receptor hyper‐crosslinking remains to be elucidated. Here, two pathways, calcium influx dependent pathway and mitochondrial signal pathway, are identified to play major roles in triggering the programmed cell death. With the first step pretargeting and second step multiple binding, receptor hyper‐crosslinking is achieved in a highly specific, time‐dependent manner and largely mediated by multivalence. As a consequence, extracellular calcium influx is triggered, which subsequently decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential and induces apoptosis. The mitochondrial depolarization also stems from the Bcl‐2 inhibition mediated by DFMT, followed by the cytochrome c release that activates caspase signaling. With the participation of the two‐pronged mechanism, a programmed apoptosis is induced in response to DFMT treatment. The current findings can offer important implications to optimize the anti‐CD20 strategies to treat B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas.
HPMA Copolymer–Drug Conjugates with Controlled Tumor‐Specific Drug Release
Authors: Chytil Petr , Koziolová Eva , Etrych Tomáš , Ulbrich Karel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOver the past few decades, numerous polymer drug carrier systems are designed and synthesized, and their properties are evaluated. Many of these systems are based on water‐soluble polymer carriers of low‐molecular‐weight drugs and compounds, e.g., cytostatic agents, anti‐inflammatory drugs, or multidrug resistance inhibitors, all covalently bound to a carrier by a biodegradable spacer that enables controlled release of the active molecule to achieve the desired pharmacological effect. Among others, the synthetic polymer carriers based on N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers are some of the most promising carriers for this purpose. This review focuses on advances in the development of HPMA copolymer carriers and their conjugates with anticancer drugs, with triggered drug activation in tumor tissue and especially in tumor cells. Specifically, this review highlights the improvements in polymer drug carrier design with respect to the structure of a spacer to influence controlled drug release and activation, and its impact on the drug pharmacokinetics, enhanced tumor uptake, cellular trafficking, and in vivo antitumor activity.
Isolated Nocturnal Occurrence of Orofacial Dyskinesias in N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate Receptor Encephalitis–A New Diagnostic Clue
Authors: Morales‐Briceño Hugo , Fung Victor S.C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractView Supplementary Video 1View Supplementary Video 2BackgroundThe syndrome of anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis is classically associated with a combination of limbic dysfunction, dysautonomia, central hypoventilation and movement disorders. On clinical grounds, the diagnosis is often supported by the presence of generalized dyskinesias in a patient with encephalopathy and catatonic signs. Orofacial dyskinesias have been recognized as characteristic of the disorder but can be absent in some patients. Pure psychiatric syndromes without movement disorders have also been described.Methods and ResultsThe authors describe 2 male patients who presented with prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms without movement disorders during wakefulness but isolated orofacial dyskinesias during sleep. In 1 patient, this observation supported the early introduction of immunotherapy; and, in both patients, the clinical outcome was excellent.ConclusionsCareful history and nocturnal examination may reveal orofacial dyskinesias in patients with N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis who have apparent pure psychiatric manifestations.
Low rank approximation methods for MR fingerprinting with large scale dictionaries
Authors: Yang Mingrui , Ma Dan , Jiang Yun , Hamilton Jesse , Seiberlich Nicole , Griswold Mark A. , McGivney Debra 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThis work proposes new low rank approximation approaches with significant memory savings for large scale MR fingerprinting (MRF) problems.Theory and MethodsWe introduce a compressed MRF with randomized singular value decomposition method to significantly reduce the memory requirement for calculating a low rank approximation of large sized MRF dictionaries. We further relax this requirement by exploiting the structures of MRF dictionaries in the randomized singular value decomposition space and fitting them to low‐degree polynomials to generate high resolution MRF parameter maps. In vivo 1.5T and 3T brain scan data are used to validate the approaches.ResultsT1, T2, and off‐resonance maps are in good agreement with that of the standard MRF approach. Moreover, the memory savings is up to 1000 times for the MRF‐fast imaging with steady‐state precession sequence and more than 15 times for the MRF‐balanced, steady‐state free precession sequence.ConclusionThe proposed compressed MRF with randomized singular value decomposition and dictionary fitting methods are memory efficient low rank approximation methods, which can benefit the usage of MRF in clinical settings. They also have great potentials in large scale MRF problems, such as problems considering multi‐component MRF parameters or high resolution in the parameter space. Magn Reson Med 79:2392–2400, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Factors associated with physical activity among adolescent and young adult survivors of early childhood cancer: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study (CCSS)
Authors: Devine Katie A. , Mertens Ann C. , Whitton John A. , Wilson Carmen L. , Ness Kirsten K. , Gilleland Marchak Jordan , Leisenring Wendy , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Krull Kevin R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate concurrent and longitudinal associations between psychosocial functioning and physical activity in adolescent and young adult survivors of early childhood cancer.MethodsAdolescent survivors of early childhood cancer (diagnosed before age four) participating in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study completed the Coping Health and Illness Profile–Adolescent Edition (CHIP‐AE; n = 303; mean age at survey: 17.6 years). A subset of these survivors (n = 248) completed a follow‐up survey an average of 6.0 years later (range: 4‐10). Logistic regression identified associations between psychosocial functioning in adolescence and physical activity levels in adolescence and young adulthood.ResultsSurvivors reported low physical activity as adolescents (46.1% scored below CHIP‐AE cut‐point) and young adults (40.8% below Centers for Disease Control guidelines). Poor physical activity during adolescence was associated with female sex (OR = 2.06, 95% CI, 1.18‐3.68), parents with less than a college education (OR = 1.91, 95% CI, 1.11‐3.32), previous treatment with cranial radiation (OR = 3.35, 95% CI, 1.69‐6.88), TV time (OR = 1.77, 95% CI, 1.00‐3.14), and limitations of activity due to health or mobility restrictions (OR = 8.28, 95% CI, 2.87‐30.34). Poor diet (OR = 1.84, 95% CI, 1.05‐3.26) and low self‐esteem (OR = 1.80, 95% CI, 0.99‐3.31) during adolescence were associated with lower odds of meeting Centers for Disease Control physical activity guidelines in young adulthood.ConclusionThese findings provide targets for future interventional studies to improve physical activity in this high‐risk population.
Decomposing a graph into expanding subgraphs
Authors: Moshkovitz Guy , Shapira Asaf 
Published: August 2017

A paradigm that was successfully applied in the study of both pure and algorithmic problems in graph theory can be colloquially summarized as stating that any graph is close to being the disjoint union of expanders. Our goal in this paper is to show that in several of the instantiations of the above approach, the quantitative bounds that were obtained are essentially best possible. Three examples of our results are the following:

A classical result of Lipton, Rose and Tarjan from 1979 states that if is a hereditary family of graphs and every graph in has a vertex separator of size , then every graph in has O(n) edges. We construct a hereditary family of graphs with vertex separators of size such that not all graphs in the family have O(n) edges.
Trevisan and Arora‐Barak‐Steurer have recently shown that given a graph G, one can remove only 1% of its edges to obtain a graph in which each connected component has good expansion properties. We show that in both of these decomposition results, the expansion properties they guarantee are essentially best possible, even when one is allowed to remove 99% of G's edges.
Sudakov and the second author have recently shown that every graph with average degree d contains an n‐vertex subgraph with average degree at least and vertex expansion . We show that one cannot guarantee a better vertex expansion even if allowing the average degree to be O(1).
The above results are obtained as corollaries of a new family of graphs which we construct in this paper. These graphs have a super‐linear number of edges and nearly logarithmic girth, yet each of their subgraphs has (optimally) poor expansion properties.
Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract treatment attenuated preneoplastic lesions and oxidative stress in the livers of diethylnitrosamine‐treated rats
Authors: Horng Chi‐Ting , Huang Chien‐Wei , Yang Mon‐Yuan , Chen Tzu‐Hsin , Chang Yun‐Ching , Wang Chau‐Jong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) possesses antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anticancer potential. This study determined the protective role of aqueous extract from Nelumbo nucifera leaves (NLE) against N‐diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced oxidative stress and hepatocellular carcinogenesis in a sample of Sprague–Dawley rats. NLE was fed orally to rats in which hepatic carcinoma was induced with DEN for 12 weeks. Five groups of 12 rats each were used for the study: Group I (control group) rats received distilled water; Group II rats were induced with DEN; Group III rats were induced with DEN and cotreated with 0.5% NLE; Group IV rats were induced with DEN and cotreated with 1.0% NLE; and Group V rats were induced with DEN and cotreated with 2.0% NLE. Clinical chemistry, organ weight, inflammatory marker, protein expression, enzyme, and antioxidant analyses were conducted. NLE administration to rats resulted in significantly decreased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and albumin, which is indicative of hepatocellular damage, compared with the control group. DEN‐induced oxidative stress was inhibited by NLE and this inhibition was paralleled by decreased lipid peroxides and increased glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity in liver tissues. The status of nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as reduced glutathione, was also found to be increased in NLE‐administered rats. Furthermore, NLE decreased tumor size, hepatic Rac1, PKCα, and GSTπ expressions compared with the DEN‐only group. Thus, supplementation of NLE reduced the adverse changes that occur because of liver cancer. These results prove that NLE protects against liver carcinogenesis induced because of treatment with DEN through blocking lipid peroxidation, hepatic cell damage, and enhancing the antioxidant defense system.
Evaluation of cytotoxicity of propofol and its related mechanism in glioblastoma cells and astrocytes
Authors: Hsu Shu‐Shong , Jan Chung‐Ren , Liang Wei‐Zhe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPropofol (2,6‐diisopropylphenol), one of the extensively and commonly used anesthetic agents, has been shown to affect the biological behavior of various models. Previous researches have shown that propofol‐induced cytotoxicity might cause anticancer effect in different cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of propofol on cytotoxicity is still elusive in human glioblastoma cells. The aims of this study were to evaluate effects of propofol on cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution and ROS production, and establish the relationship between oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in GBM 8401 human glioblastoma cells and DI TNC1 rat astrocytes. Propofol (20–30 μM) concentration‐dependently induced cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and increased ROS production in GBM 8401 cells but not in DI TNC1 cells. In GBM 8401 cells, propofol induced G2/M phase cell arrest, which affected the CDK1, cyclin B1, p53, and p21 protein expression levels. Furthermore, propofol induced oxygen stresses by increasing
and H2O2 levels but treatment with the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) partially reversed propofol‐regulated antioxidative enzyme levels (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase). Most significantly, propofol induced apoptotic effects by decreasing Bcl‐2 but increasing Bax, cleaved caspase‐9/caspase‐3 levels, which were partially reversed by NAC. Moreover, the pancaspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐FMK also partially prevented propofol‐induced apoptosis. Together, in GBM 8401 cells but not in DI TNC1 cells, propofol activated ROS‐associated apoptosis that involved cell cycle arrest and caspase activation. These findings indicate that propofol not only can be an anesthetic agent which reduces pain but also has the potential to be used for the treatment of human glioblastoma.
Nonparametric estimation in economics: Bayesian and frequentist approaches
Authors: Chan Joshua C. C. , Henderson Daniel J. , Parmeter Christopher F. , Tobias Justin L. 
Published: August 2017

We review Bayesian and classical approaches to nonparametric density and regression estimation and illustrate how these techniques can be used in economic applications. On the Bayesian side, density estimation is illustrated via finite Gaussian mixtures and a Dirichlet Process Mixture Model, while nonparametric regression is handled using priors that impose smoothness. From the frequentist perspective, kernel‐based nonparametric regression techniques are presented for both density and regression problems. Both approaches are illustrated using a wage dataset from the Current Population Survey. WIREs Comput Stat 2017, 9:e1406. doi: 10.1002/wics.1406This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Density Estimation
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
White‐tailed deer fawn survival, home range, and habitat composition in northwest Louisiana
Authors: Hasapes S. Kathryn , Comer Christopher E. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTLow fawn recruitment, particularly related to coyote (Canis latrans) predation, has been seen as a potentially important factor limiting growth in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations in the southeastern United States. We quantified fawn survival up to 3 months of age and home range size and habitat composition up to 1 month of age in 2 ecotypes on Barksdale Air Force Base, Bossier Parish, Louisiana, USA, during 2009 and 2010. Overall fawn mortality was 50%, which is generally consistent with other studies in the southeast. We observed differences in fawn mortality between different vegetation communities, with 5 of 6 fawns depredated before 30 days on the hardwood‐dominated ecotype and 1 of 6 fawns dying (from apparent internal trauma and subsequent starvation) before 30 days on the pine‐dominated ecotype. Fawns in the hardwood ecotype had larger home ranges and core areas than in the pine ecotype but female home ranges and core areas did not differ by ecotype. Known parturition sites were closer to habitat edges and developed areas than random sites within female home ranges, suggesting females were seeking areas of their home range with greater cover at parturition. Fawn survival, home range, and habitat use varied considerably depending on the ecotype. Provision of additional fawning cover in the form of small openings or timber harvests in areas of mature, closed canopy forest may aid in survival following parturition. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Thromboembolic Events Following Splenectomy: Risk Factors, Prevention, Management and Outcomes
Authors: Rottenstreich Amihai , Kleinstern Geffen , Spectre Galia , Da’as Nael , Ziv Esther , Kalish Yosef 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThromboembolic events following splenectomy are not uncommon. However, the role of thromboprophylaxis and risk factors for thrombosis, as well as the clinical course and outcomes, are not well characterized.MethodsA retrospective review of individuals who underwent splenectomy between January 2006 and December 2015 in two university hospitals.ResultsOverall, 297 patients underwent splenectomy [open splenectomy (n = 199), laparoscopic splenectomy (n = 98)]. Mechanical (thigh‐length pneumatic compression stockings) and pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis (40 mg enoxaparin daily, starting 12 h after surgery until discharge) was provided for all patients. One hundred and sixteen patients (39%) also received an extended thromboprophylaxis course of enoxaparin for 2–4 weeks after discharge. Twenty‐three patients (7.7%) experienced thrombotic complications following splenectomy, including 16 cases (5.4%) of portal‐splenic mesenteric venous thrombosis (PSMVT), 5 (1.7%) pulmonary embolism and 2 (0.7%) deep vein thrombosis. Longer operative time (mean operative time of 405 vs. 273 min, P = 0.03) was independently associated with PSMVT. Post‐splenectomy thrombocytosis was not associated with thrombosis (P = 0.41). The overall thrombosis rate was significantly lower in patients who received an extended thromboprophylaxis course following splenectomy (3.4 vs. 10.5%, P = 0.02). Complete resolution of thrombosis was observed in most cases (n = 20, 87.0%), with no recurrent thrombosis during a mean follow‐up of 38 ± 25 months.ConclusionsThromboembolic complications, mainly PSMVT, are common following splenectomy. Longer operative time was associated with thrombosis. Significantly lower rates of thrombosis were found in patients who received an extended thromboprophylaxis course.