bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicians’ opinions regarding the criteria for resuming oral intake after aspiration pneumonia: A questionnaire survey and cluster analysis of hospitals across Japan
Authors: Kenzaka Tsuneaki , Kumabe Ayako , Kosami Koki , Matsuoka Yasufumi , Minami Kensuke , Ninomiya Daisuke , Noda Ayako , Okayama Masanobu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the items that are considered by physicians when making decisions regarding the resumption of oral intake among patients with aspiration pneumonia who have undergone short‐term fasting.MethodsWe surveyed 2490 Japanese hospitals that had internal medicine and respiratory medicine departments. We mailed questionnaires that contained 24 items related to oral intake resumption after aspiration pneumonia to the head of the department at each hospital. Cronbach statistics, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze the results.ResultsWe received responses from 350 hospitals; 89.7% of the respondents answered that they “Strongly agree” that “level of consciousness” is a useful criterion for resuming oral intake. Furthermore, 66%, 66%, 63.4%, 58.5% and 51% of the respondents answered that they “strongly agree” regarding the use of SpO2, the discretion of the attending physician, body temperature, swallowing function test results, mental state and respiratory rate, respectively. In the cluster analysis, level of consciousness, body temperature, SpO2, respiratory rate, mental state and the discretion of the attending physician belonged to the first cluster. The second cluster consisted of the patient's request, the family's request, the opinions of the medical staff and non‐physician healthcare providers, and performance status.ConclusionsPhysicians consider several criteria during decision‐making regarding oral intake resumption, which can be assigned to two clusters. Future studies are required to develop generalizable and objective criteria. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 810–818.
Bone quality assessed using quantitative ultrasound at the distal radius does not differ in antiretroviral therapy‐naïve HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative Rwandan women
Authors: Mutimura E , Shi Q , Hoover DR , Anastos K , Rudakemwa E , Dusingize JC , Sinabye JD , Yin MT 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThe incidence of fractures appears to be increased in HIV‐infected individuals.MethodsWe assessed bone quality using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in HIV‐infected and uninfected Rwandan women. A Sunlight Omnisense 7000 QUS was used to measure the speed of ultrasound (SOS) at the distal radius in 646 antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve HIV‐infected women and 211 HIV‐uninfected women. The Z‐scores for SOS were based on data for women of the same age from the manufacturer's reference material.ResultsThe mean CD4 cell count was 285 (± 166) cells/μL in the HIV‐positive women. SOS Z‐scores adjusted and unadjusted for body mass index did not differ between the groups. SOS did not differ by CD4 count (< 200 vs. ≥ 200 cells/μL: 4016 (± 117) vs. 4028 (± 107) m/s, respectively; p=0.19.ConclusionsIn HIV‐positive ART‐naïve Rwandan women with advanced HIV disease, bone quality at the distal radius was similar to that in HIV‐negative controls.
The mutual control of iron and erythropoiesis
Authors: Camaschella C. , Pagani A. , Nai A. , Silvestri L. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundIron is essential for hemoglobin synthesis during terminal erythropoiesis. To supply adequate iron the carrier transferrin is required together with transferrin receptor endosomal cycle and normal mitochondrial iron utilization. Iron and iron protein deficiencies result in different types of anemia. Iron‐deficiency anemia is the commonest anemia worldwide due to increased requirements, malnutrition, chronic blood losses and malabsorption. Mutations of transferrin, transferrin receptor cycle proteins, enzymes of the first step of heme synthesis and iron sulfur cluster biogenesis lead to rare anemias, usually accompanied by iron overload. Hepcidin plays an indirect role in erythropoiesis by controlling plasma iron. Inappropriately high hepcidin levels characterize the rare genetic iron‐refractory iron‐deficiency anemia (IRIDA) and the common anemia of chronic disease. Iron modulates both effective and ineffective erythropoiesis: iron restriction reduces heme and alpha‐globin synthesis that may be of benefit in thalassemia.Material and MethodsThis review relies on the analysis of the most recent literature and personal data.ResultsErythropoiesis controls iron homeostasis, by releasing erythroferrone that inhibits hepcidin transcription to increase iron acquisition in iron deficiency, hypoxia and EPO treatment. Erythroferrone, produced by EPO‐stimulated erythropoiesis, inhibits hepcidin only when the activity of BMP/SMAD pathway is low, suggesting that EPO somehow modulates the latter signaling. Erythroblasts sense circulating iron through the second transferrin receptor (TFR2) that, in animal models, modulates the sensitivity of the erythroid cells to EPO.DiscussionThe advanced knowledge of the regulation of systemic iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis‐mediated hepcidin regulation is leading to the development of targeted therapies for anemias and iron disorders.
Pro‐ and anticoagulant properties of factor V in pathogenesis of thrombosis and bleeding disorders
Authors: Dahlbäck Björn 
Published: May 2016

SummaryFactor V (FV) serves an important role in the regulation of blood coagulation, having both pro‐ and anticoagulant properties. The circulating high molecular weight single‐chain FV molecule undergoes a series of proteolytic cleavages during both activation of coagulation and during anticoagulant regulation of coagulation by activated protein C (APC). It is noteworthy that mutations in the factor V gene (F5) either cause thrombosis or bleeding. New insights into the importance and complexity of FV functions have been generated from elucidation of the pathogenic mechanisms of two familial mutations in the F5 gene. The first mutation was identified as a result of the discovery of APC resistance as the most common risk factor for venous thrombosis. The mutation (FV Leiden) predicts the Arg506Gln replacement, which impairs the normal regulation of FVa by APC, as the Arg506 site is an important APC cleavage site. In addition, elucidation of APC resistance resulted in the discovery of the anticoagulant APC cofactor activity of FV. The second FV mutation (FVA2440G), identified in a family with an autosomal dominant bleeding disorder, has led to the discovery of an alternative splicing generating a previously unidentified FV isoform (FV‐Short), which inhibits coagulation via an unexpected and intriguing mechanism involving the coagulation inhibitor TFPI‐α. These are naturally occurring mutations in the F5 gene that have generated new knowledge on the role of FV in regulation of coagulation and the importance of genetic risk factors for thrombosis and bleeding.
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (BCR‐ABL1 negative) and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms: current diagnostic principles and upcoming updates
Authors: Geyer J. T. , Orazi A. 
Published: May 2016

SummarySince the publication of the latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification in 2008, there has been a significant effort for clarification of unresolved questions, especially with the help of the rapidly developing field of molecular genetic studies, next‐generation sequencing in particular. Numerous entities within the WHO categories of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and myelodysplastic (MDS)/MPNs have been extensively studied, with large published series attempting to characterize and better define their morphologic and molecular genetic features. This emerging genetic landscape maintains a robust correlation with the various disease entities recognized by the WHO classification scheme based on a careful integration of detailed clinical information, bone marrow and peripheral blood morphology, immunohistology, and genomics. This brief review summarizes the current guidelines as they apply to diagnosing both the classical BCR‐ABL1 negative MPN (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis) and the more common subtypes of MDS/MPN overlap syndromes. The more important recent molecular updates as well as the upcoming changes to the current WHO classification, expected to be published in late 2016, will also be briefly reviewed.
Morphology, Ontogeny, and Molecular Phylogeny of Two Freshwater Species of Deviata (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) from Southern China
Authors: Luo Xiaotian , Fan Yangbo , Hu Xiaozhong , Miao Miao , Al‐Farraj Saleh A. , Song Weibo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe morphology and partial morphogenesis of two freshwater hypotrichous ciliates, Deviata brasiliensis Siqueira‐Castro et al., 2009 and Deviata rositae Küppers et al., 2007, isolated from southern China, were investigated using live observation and protargol staining. Our populations resemble the original ones in terms of their live characters and ciliary patterns. The main determinable morphogenetic features of D. brasiliensis basically correspond with those of the type population. However, the origin of anlage V for either proter or opisthe is ambiguous: whether anlage V for the proter originates from parental frontoventral row 2 (the same as in the original population) or parental frontoventral row 3 (the same as in Deviata abbrevescens) or even de novo is not clear; the anlage V for the opisthe is possibly derived from frontoventral row 3 and further migrates to frontoventral row 2, like that in D. abbrevescens. In addition, the SSU rRNA gene was first sequenced for both species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that the genus Deviata is non‐monophyletic and has a close relationship with Perisincirra paucicirrata.
Length of Stay in the Emergency Department and Occurrence of Delirium in Older Medical Patients
Authors: Bo Mario , Bonetto Martina , Bottignole Giuliana , Porrino Paola , Coppo Eleonora , Tibaldi Michela , Ceci Giacomo , Raspo Silvio , Cappa Giorgetta , Bellelli Giuseppe 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo determine whether emergency department (ED) length of stay before ward admission is associated with incident delirium in older adults.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingHospital.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 75 and older without delirium at ED entry, coma, aphasia, stroke, language barrier, psychiatric disorder, or alcohol abuse (N = 330).MeasurementsOn ED admission, individuals underwent standardized evaluation of comorbidity (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale), cognitive impairment (Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire), functional independence (activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living), pain (Numeric Rating Scale), and acute clinical conditions (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II). During the first 3 days after ward admission, the presence of delirium (defined as ≥1 delirium episodes within 72 hours) was assessed daily using a rapid assessment for delirium (4AT scale). ED length of stay was calculated as the time (hours) between ED registration and when the person left the ED.ResultsED length of stay longer than 10 hours (odds ratio (OR) = 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13–4.41), moderate to severe cognitive impairment (OR = 5.47, 95% CI = 2.76–10.85), and older age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01–1.13) were associated with delirium onset.ConclusionED length of stay longer than 10 hours was associated with greater risk of delirium in hospitalized older adults, after adjusting for age and cognitive impairment.
Risk of vicarious trauma in nursing research: a focused mapping review and synthesis
Authors: Taylor Julie , Bradbury‐Jones Caroline , Breckenridge Jenna P , Jones Christine , Herber Oliver Rudolf 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesTo provide a snapshot of how vicarious trauma is considered within the published nursing research literature.BackgroundVicarious trauma (secondary traumatic stress) has been the focus of attention in nursing practice for many years. The most pertinent areas to invoke vicarious trauma in research have been suggested as abuse/violence and death/dying. What is not known is how researchers account for the risks of vicarious trauma in research.DesignFocused mapping review and synthesis. Empirical studies meeting criteria for abuse/violence or death/dying in relevant Scopus ranked top nursing journals (n = 6) January 2009 to December 2014.MethodsRelevant papers were scrutinised for the extent to which researchers discussed the risk of vicarious trauma. Aspects of the studies were mapped systematically to a pre‐defined template, allowing patterns and gaps in authors' reporting to be determined. These were synthesised into a coherent profile of current reporting practices and from this, a new conceptualisation seeking to anticipate and address the risk of vicarious trauma was developed.ResultsTwo thousand five hundred and three papers were published during the review period, of which 104 met the inclusion criteria. Studies were distributed evenly by method (52 qualitative; 51 quantitative; one mixed methods) and by focus (54 abuse/violence; 50 death/dying). The majority of studies (98) were carried out in adult populations. Only two papers reported on vicarious trauma.ConclusionThe conceptualisation of vicarious trauma takes account of both sensitivity of the substantive data collected, and closeness of those involved with the research. This might assist researchers in designing ethical and protective research and foreground the importance of managing risks of vicarious trauma.Relevance to clinical practiceVicarious trauma is not well considered in research into clinically important topics. Our proposed framework allows for consideration of these so that precautionary measures can be put in place to minimise harm to staff.
Association of frail index and quality of life among community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Chang Shu‐Fang , Wen Gi‐Mi 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine the independent effect of frailty on quality of life.BackgroundThe World Health Organisation has proposed that frailty be used to indicate a lack of successful ageing. However, studies investigating the relationship between frail phenotypes and quality of life are lacking.DesignThis research employed a cross‐sectional design.MethodsThe Study of Osteoporotic Fractures index was used based on the following three criteria: unexpected weight loss, inability to rise from a chair without using the armrests five times, and feeling a lack of energy. Participants who fulfilled more than two, one or zero criteria were considered as frail, prefrail or robust respectively. Moreover, this study used the Taiwanese version of the World Health Organisation Quality of Life‐BREF to assess the quality of life of older people. A multiple linear regression was performed to investigate the independent effect of frail status on each quality of life subscale.ResultsA total of 239 older people [average age = 74·77 years; standard deviation = 7·02 years; 104 males (43·5%) and 135 females (56·5%)] participated in this study. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the older people who were more advanced in age and had been diagnosed with a greater number of chronic diseases had a lower comprehensive quality of life. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures index was associated only with the environmental domain of the World Health Organisation Quality of Life‐BREF.ConclusionsCompared with robust and prefrail older people, frail older people have worse biomarkers, health statuses, and quality of life. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures index was correlated only with the quality of life environmental domain.Relevance to clinical practiceProfessional nurses must understand the differences among frail, prefrail and robust older people with regard to their biomarkers, health status, and quality of life. In addition, a comprehensive nursing intervention programme must be developed to improve the quality of life of older people.
The relationship between attachment styles and childhood trauma: a transgenerational perspective – a controlled study of patients with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Özcan Neslihan K , Boyacioğlu Nur E , Enginkaya Semra , Bilgin Hülya , Tomruk Nesrin B 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study had two aims. The first aim was to compare attachment styles and traumatic childhood experiences of women with psychiatric disorders and their children to a control group. The second aim was to determine the relationship between attachment styles and traumatic childhood experiences both in mothers and their children.BackgroundAccording to attachment theories, trauma in an early relationship initiates a developmental cascade in which insecure attachments may occur.DesignA cross‐sectional, descriptive study which, employed a case–control design, was performed between May 2013–March 2014.MethodsThis study was conducted in 63 women with psychiatric disorders and their children. The control group consisted of 63 women without any psychiatric disorders and their children. Data were collected using questionnaire forms, including the Adult Attachment Style Scale and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire for both mothers and children. Descriptive statistics, a Pearson correlation and comparative statistics were used to analyse data.ResultsThe childhood trauma scores of both the women with psychiatric disorders and their children were higher than the control group scores. Compared to the control group, the mothers with psychiatric disorders and their children were found to have less secure attachment styles. It was determined that the mothers and children with insecure attachment were more likely to have been abused.ConclusionThese results point to a relationship between trauma in childhood and attachment style. They also suggest that this relationship may undergo intergenerational transfer.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study contributes to the existing literature on the relationship between childhood traumas and attachment. Psychiatric nurses should focus not only on psychiatric disorders but also on the difficulties a patient faces regarding being a parent.
Maternal pre‐pregnancy obesity and gestational weight gain influence neonatal neurobehaviour
Authors: Aubuchon‐Endsley Nicki , Morales Monique , Giudice Christina , Bublitz Margaret H. , Lester Barry M. , Salisbury Amy L. , Stroud Laura R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMaternal weight before and during pregnancy is associated with offspring neurobehaviour in childhood. We investigated maternal weight prior to and during pregnancy in relation to neonatal neurobehaviour. We hypothesized that maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain would be associated with poor neonatal attention and affective functioning. Participants (n = 261) were recruited, weighed and interviewed during their third trimester of pregnancy. Pre‐pregnancy weight was self‐reported and validated for 210 participants, with robust agreement with medical chart review (r = 0.99). Neurobehaviour was measured with the NICU Network Neurobehavioural Scale (NNNS) administered on Days 2 and 32 postpartum. Maternal exclusion criteria included severe or persistent physical or mental health conditions (e.g. chronic disease or diagnoses of Bipolar Disorder or Psychotic Spectrum Disorders), excessive substance use, and social service/foster care involvement or difficulty understanding English. Infants were from singleton, full‐term (37–42 weeks gestation) births with no major medical concerns. Outcome variables were summary scores on the NNNS (n = 75–86). For women obese prior to pregnancy, those gaining in excess of Institute of Medicine guidelines had infants with poorer regulation, lower arousal and higher lethargy. There were no main effects of maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index on neurobehaviour. Women gaining above Institute of Medicine recommendations had neonates with better quality of movement. Additional studies to replicate and extend results past the neonatal period are needed. Results could support underlying mechanisms explaining associations between maternal perinatal weight and offspring outcomes. These mechanisms may inform future prevention/intervention strategies. © 2016 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Scaling up breastfeeding programmes in a complex adaptive world
Authors: Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Hall Moran Victoria 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 2016 Breastfeeding Lancet Series continues to provide unequivocal evidence regarding the numerous benefits that optimal breastfeeding practices offer to children and women worldwide and the major savings that improving these practices can have as a result of their major public health benefits. Unfortunately, this knowledge remains underutilized as there has been little progress scaling up effective breastfeeding programmes globally. Improving the uptake and scaling up of effective national breastfeeding programmes that are potent enough to improve exclusive breastfeeding duration should be a top priority for all countries. Complex analysis systems longitudinal research is needed to understand how best to empower decision makers to achieve this goal through well‐validated participatory decision‐making tools to help their countries assess baseline needs, including costs, as well as progress with their scaling‐up efforts. Sound systems thinking frameworks and scaling‐up models are now available to guide and research prospectively future scaling‐up efforts that can be replicated, with proper adaptations, across countries.
Fluid intake and recommendations in older adults: More data are needed
Authors: Scherer R. , Maroto‐Sánchez B. , Palacios G. , González‐Gross M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOlder people are vulnerable to hypohydration due to physiological and cognitive changes that occur with age. Inadequate fluid intake is the main contributor to hypohydration in this age group, but very little is known about their drinking habits and specific fluid intake recommendations are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this short review was to summarise published data on fluid consumption in adults aged 65 years and older. The PubMed database was searched for all relevant studies published between 1995 and 2014 globally. The search identified 12 suitable papers for review. Results indicated that reported fluid intake in older adults varied considerably between studies. Lack of standardisation for reporting ‘fluid intake’ is a problem in this literature. In conclusion, data about fluid intake in older adults are scarce and inconclusive. Consensus on a definition for ‘fluid intake’ is necessary if an international age‐specific reference range for the elderly is to be set.