bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Little Fish in a Big Pond: Legitimacy Transfer, Authenticity, and Factors of Peripheral Firm Entry and Growth in the Market Center
Authors: Verhaal J. Cameron , Hoskins Jake D. , Lundmark Leif W. 
Published: July 2017

Research summary: How do peripheral firms compete and secure future growth? Building on literature in strategy and organizational theory, we test a model of peripheral entry and growth in the mainstream market segment. Using data from 289 craft breweries over 11 years, we find evidence that niche producers are increasingly entering the mainstream market and competing with market‐center firms. We identify two mechanisms contributing to these actions: legitimacy transfer and cognitive claims of authenticity. As hypothesized, imitation of niche products by macro breweries facilitates craft beer entry into mainstream markets. Moreover, two authenticity‐based identity codes are found to reliably influence craft brewery growth: a local identity (i.e., operating in one's local market) and a product proliferator identity (i.e., offering a more diverse set of products).Managerial summary: How can small niche firms compete with larger, more established organizations? By examining the rapidly expanding craft beer industry, this study explores how craft breweries are able to both enter the market space of these larger competitors and secure sustained patterns of growth. Specifically, we highlight two factors influencing the success of craft breweries. First, as major beer producers mimic niche products (i.e., faux craft beer), smaller niche firms are allowed to enter the market by exposing the typical consumer to the tastes of craft beer. Second, craft breweries enjoy increased success if they (a) emphasize the local elements of their company, and/or (b) offer a larger number of products. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brückenmodernisierung in Deutschland
Authors: Marzahn Gero , Gunreben Yvonne‐Christine 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn der Baulast des Bundes befinden sich derzeit etwa 39440 Brückenbauwerke bzw., wenn Brücken in mehrere Teilbauwerke untergliedert werden, 51360 Brücken‐Teilbauwerke. Viele dieser Bauwerke leisten oft ein Mehrfaches dessen, was bei Planung und Bau seinerzeit vorstellbar war. Sie müssen daher nicht nur substanziell erhalten, sondern für das zukünftige Verkehrsaufkommen ertüchtigt werden.Aufgrund der großen Anzahl der betroffenen Bauwerke hat das damalige Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung bereits im Jahr 2013 gemeinsam mit der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen und den Straßenbauverwaltungen der Länder die „Strategie zur Ertüchtigung der Straßenbrücken im Bestand der Bundesfernstraßen” entwickelt, die seitdem umgesetzt wird. Von den dort genannten über 2500 Brücken‐Teilbauwerken, die vorrangig zu untersuchen sind, befinden sich derzeit rd. 46 % in Bearbeitung, das heißt die Brücken werden nachgerechnet und die notwendigen Baumaßnahmen geplant oder umgesetzt. Bereits rund 20 % der vorrangig zu untersuchenden Brücken sind für eine zukunftsfähige Brückentragfähigkeit fertig gestellt.Die Modernisierung von Brücken hat bei den Investitionen daher hohe Priorität. Die Maßnahmen der Brückenertüchtigung werden aus dem „Programm zur Brückenmodernisierung” finanziert. In den Jahren 2017 bis 2020 stehen in diesem Programm, das auch danach fortgeführt wird, rund 2,9 Milliarden Euro zur Verfügung. Es gilt die klare Zusage: Jede Sanierungsmaßnahme, die Baurecht erhält, wird finanziert!Aktuell sind 112 größere Brückenertüchtigungsmaßnahmen mit einem jeweiligen Bauvolumen von über 5 Millionen Euro dem Programm zur Brückenmodernisierung zugeordnet. Durch diese Maßnahmen, die sowohl Ersatzneubauten als auch Verstärkungen und Adhoc‐Instandsetzungen umfassen, wird eine Brückenfläche von über 1,2 Millionen m2 nachhaltig ertüchtigt.
Instandsetzung und Verstärkung von Stahlbrücken mit Kategorie‐3‐Schäden
Authors: Ungermann Dieter , Brune Bettina , Giese Pascal 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNeben Ermüdungsschäden an orthotropen Fahrbahnplatten sind bei Stahlbrücken auch Schäden an nicht direkt befahrenen Konstruktionsteilen der Quersysteme (Kategorie‐3‐Schäden) festgestellt worden. Das stetig steigende Verkehrsaufkommen führt zu einer Verschärfung des Problems, so dass die Dauerhaftigkeit betroffener Brücken auch durch diese Schäden gefährdet wird. Anhand ausgewählter Beispiele aus der Literatur und Praxis der Straßenbauverwaltungen werden Kategorie‐3‐Schäden systematisch untersucht. Die Erfahrungen werden zusammengestellt, ausgewertet und typisiert, um so eine erste Hilfestellung bei der Bewertung von Kategorie‐3‐Schäden zu geben. Weiterhin werden ausgeführte und andere Instandsetzungs‐ und Ertüchtigungsvarianten in allgemeiner Form mit numerischen Berechnungen untersucht, um Vor‐ und Nachteil herauszustellen. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit erhält dabei die Bauwerkserhaltungsmaßnahme, vollständig auf aussteifende Verbände zu verzichten. Die Untersuchungen schließen mit einer Bewertung der untersuchten Ertüchtigungs‐ und Instandsetzungsvarianten ab und münden in allgemeinen Empfehlungen zur Behandlung von Kategorie‐3‐Schäden.
Die Harfenbrücke über den Langen See
Authors: Keil Andreas , Waldraff Tobias 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAuf dem Flugfeld Böblingen/Sindelfingen, einem neuen gemeinsamen Quartier der beiden Städte, wurde eine gestalterisch ansprechende und technisch anspruchsvolle Fuß‐ und Radwegverbindung in Form einer asymmetrischen Schrägseilbrücke mit doppelt gekrümmtem Pylon, Seilen in Harfenanordnung und einem als Verbundkonstruktion ausgeführten Überbau erstellt. Trotz der vergleichsweise kleinen Spannweite der Brücke war es notwendig, Belange der Montage schon im Bauwerksentwurf zu berücksichtigen, wie es eher aus dem Großbrückenbau bekannt ist. Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert die Randbedingungen, den Entwurf und die Konstruktion sowie den Bau der Brücke über den Langen See am Flugfeld Böblingen/Sindelfingen.
Urban, agricultural, and environmental protection practices for sustainable water quality
Authors: Alfredo Katherine A. , Russo Tess A. 
Published: July 2017

Sustainable water management often emphasizes water resource quantity, with focus on availability and use practices. However, only a subset of the available water may be usable when also considering water quality. Water quality management is examined within three broad sectors—urban, agriculture, and environmental systems—to investigate how water quality sustainability (WQS) is defined by each and across the three sectors. The definitions determined for both urban and agricultural WQS mention downstream human and ecosystem use; however, regulatory policy does not always support these definitions. This challenge of managing water quality locally and downstream, coupled with interactions across multiple sectors, has led to a fragmented approach to water quality management. Legislation typically divides water quality management into compartments without considering the entire system. Within the United States, there is an uneven distribution of responsibility regarding water quality protection, and notable policies which counteract efforts to improve water quality. The review suggests that despite a growing intention to use a single system approach where water is considered as a limited resource that must supply all competing interests, one does not yet exist and is even hindered by current policies and regulations. Recent policy is signaling a shift toward increasing interagency coordination; however, the basic definitions of WQS remain disconnected across sectors. It is the conclusion of this review that sustainable water quality is not currently practiced in the United States. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1229. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1229This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Science of Water > Water Quality
Evaluation of C26:0‐lysophosphatidylcholine and C26:0‐carnitine as diagnostic markers for Zellweger spectrum disorders
Authors: Klouwer Femke C. C. , Ferdinandusse Sacha , van Lenthe Henk , Kulik Wim , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Poll‐The Bwee Tien , Waterham Hans R. , Vaz Frédéric M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionZellweger spectrum disorders (ZSD) are a group of genetic metabolic disorders caused by a defect in peroxisome biogenesis. This results in multiple metabolic abnormalities, including elevated very long‐chain fatty acid (VLCFA) levels. Elevated levels of C26:0‐lysophosphatidylcholine (C26:0‐lysoPC) have been shown in dried blood spots (DBS) from ZSD patients. However, little is known about the sensitivity and specificity of this marker and C26:0‐carnitine, another VLCFA‐marker, in ZSD. We investigated C26:0‐lysoPC and C26:0‐carnitine as diagnostic markers for ZSD in DBS and fibroblasts.MethodsC26:0‐lysoPC levels in 91 DBS from 37 different ZSD patients were determined and compared to the levels in 209 control DBS. C26:0‐carnitine levels were measured in 41 DBS from 29 ZSD patients and 97 control DBS. We measured C26:0‐lysoPC levels in fibroblasts from 24 ZSD patients and 61 control individuals.ResultsElevated C26:0‐lysoPC levels (>72 nmol/L) were found in 86/91 ZSD DBS (n=33/37 patients) corresponding to a sensitivity of 89.2%. Median level was 567 nmol/l (range 28–3133 nmol/l). Consistently elevated C26:0‐carnitine levels (>0.077 μmol/L) in DBS were found in 16 out of 29 ZSD patients corresponding to a sensitivity of 55.2%. C26:0‐lysoPC levels were elevated in 21/24 ZSD fibroblast lines.DiscussionC26:0‐lysoPC in DBS is a sensitive and useful marker for VLCFA accumulation in patients with a ZSD. C26:0‐carnitine in DBS is elevated in some ZSD patients, but is less useful as a diagnostic marker. Implementation of C26:0‐lysoPC measurement in the diagnostic work‐up when suspecting a ZSD is advised. This marker has the potential to be used for newborn screening for ZSD.
Phytoplankton species abundance in Lake Inba (Japan) from 1986 to 2016
Authors: Iwayama Akemi , Ogura Hisako , Hirama Yukio , Chang Chun‐Wei , Hsieh Chih‐hao , Kagami Maiko 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLake Inba is one of the most eutrophic lakes in Japan. This data paper reports the abundance of phytoplankton species sampled biweekly from April 1986 to March 2016 at four stations in Lake Inba. Monitoring has been carried out by Chiba Prefectural Government, and phytoplankton count data have been collected since 1986. A total of 340 phytoplankton species were identified and enumerated by microscopy, as numbers of cells or colonies. The abundance of each species was expressed as cells per milliliter lake water. Total cell density ranged from 102 to 108 cells ml−1. The dominant cell class density was Cyanobacteria throughout the year. Cyanobacteria, such as Phormidium spp., Microcystis aeruginosa, and Anabaena spp. (Dolicospermum spp.), were the most dense in all months. The dominant cyanobacteria species reached concentrations of 107 cells ml−1. Diatoms, such as Aulacoseira granulata and A. ambigua, were also abundant, reaching 106 cells ml−1. These data can be used to appreciate how anthropogenic disturbances, such as eutrophication and global warming, affect density and community composition of phytoplankton.
Self-awareness of computed tomography ordering in the emergency department
Authors: Kadhim-Saleh Amjed , Worrall James C. , Taljaard Monica , Gatien Mathieu , Perry Jeffrey J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesPhysician variation in the use of computed tomography (CT) is concerning due to the risks of ionizing radiation, cost, and downstream effects of unnecessary testing. The objectives of this study were to describe variation in CT-ordering rates among emergency physicians (EPs), to measure correlation between perceived and actual CT-ordering rates, to assess attitudes that influence decisions to order imaging tests, and to identify EP attitudes associated with higher CT utilization.MethodsThis study was a retrospective review of imaging and administrative billing records at two emergency department sites of a tertiary care adult teaching hospital. The study also included a cross-sectional survey of EPs at this hospital. We asked physicians about their perceived ordering behaviour, and what factors influenced their decision to order a CT. We examined correlations between perceived and actual CT-ordering rates. We adjusted ordering rates for shift distribution using a logistic regression model and identified outlier physicians whose ordering rate was significantly lower or higher than expected. We used multivariable regression analysis to determine which survey responses predicted higher CT utilization.ResultsDuring the study period, 59 EPs saw 45,854 patients, and ordered 6,609 CTs — a mean ordering rate of 14.4% (standard deviation (SD)=4.3%). The ordering rate for individual physicians ranged from 5.9% to 25.9%. Of the 59 EPs, 13 EPs were low-ordering outliers; 12 were high-ordering outliers. Forty-five EPs (76.3%) completed the survey. Mean perceived ordering rate was 12.6%, and was weakly correlated with actual ordering (r=0.19, p=0.21). 42 EPs (93.3%) believed they ordered “about the same” or “fewer” CTs than their peers. Of the 17 EPs in the two highest ordering quintiles, only 3 (18%) knew they were high orderers. In the multivariable analysis, higher ordering was associated with increasing strength of response to the following predictors: medico-legal risk (relative risk [RR]=1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.21), risk of contrast (RR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.07–1.22), what colleagues would do (RR=1.09, 95% CI: 0.99–1.19), risk of missing a diagnosis (RR=1.08, 95% CI: 0.98–1.21), and patient wishes (RR=1.07, 95% CI: 0.97–1.17).ConclusionsThere is large variation in CT ordering among EPs. Physicians’ self-reported ordering rate correlates poorly with actual ordering. High CT orderers were rarely aware that they ordered more than their colleagues. Higher rates of ordering were observed among physicians who reported increased concern with 1) risk of missing a diagnosis, 2) medico-legal risk, 3) risk of contrast, 4) patient wishes, and 5) what colleagues would do.
Digit ratio (2D:4D) and social integration: An effect of prenatal sex hormones
Authors: KOVÁŘÍK JAROMÍR , BRAÑAS-GARZA PABLO , DAVIDSON MICHAEL W. , HAIM DOTAN A. , CARCELLI SHANNON , FOWLER JAMES H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe position people occupy in their social and professional networks is related to their social status and has strong effects on their access to social resources. While attainment of particular positions is driven by behavioral traits, many biological factors predispose individuals to certain behaviors and motivations. Prior work on exposure to fetal androgens (measured by second-to-fourth digit ratio, 2D:4D) shows that it correlates with behaviors and traits related to social status, which might make people more socially integrated. However, it also predicts certain anti-social behaviors and disorders associated with lower socialization. We explore whether 2D:4D correlates with network position later in life and find that individuals with low 2D:4D become more central in their social environment. Interestingly, low 2D:4D males are more likely to exhibit high betweenness centrality (they connect separated parts of the social structure), while low 2D:4D females are more likely to exhibit high in-degree centrality (more people name them as friends). These gender-specific differences are reinforced by transitivity (the likelihood that one's friends are also friends with one another): neighbors of low 2D:4D men tend not to know each other; the contrary is observed for low 2D:4D women. Our results suggest that biological predispositions influence the organization of human societies and that exposure to prenatal androgens influences different status seeking behaviors in men and women.
Dietary inflammatory index in relation to sub-clinical atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic vascular disease mortality in older women
Authors: Bondonno Nicola P. , Lewis Joshua R. , Blekkenhorst Lauren C. , Shivappa Nitin , Woodman Richard J. , Bondonno Catherine P. , Ward Natalie C. , Hébert James R. , Thompson Peter L. , Prince Richard L. , Hodgson Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractArterial wall thickening, stimulated by low-grade systemic inflammation, underlies many cardiovascular events. As diet is a significant moderator of systemic inflammation, the dietary inflammatory index (DIITM) has recently been devised to assess the overall inflammatory potential of an individual’s diet. The primary objective of this study was to assess the association of the DII with common carotid artery–intima-media thickness (CCA–IMT) and carotid plaques. To substantiate the clinical importance of these findings we assessed the relationship of DII score with atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD)-related mortality, ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (CVA)-related mortality and ischaemic heart disease (IHD)-related mortality more. The study was conducted in Western Australian women aged over 70 years (n 1304). Dietary data derived from a validated FFQ (completed at baseline) were used to calculate a DII score for each individual. In multivariable-adjusted models, DII scores were associated with sub-clinical atherosclerosis: a 1 sd (2·13 units) higher DII score was associated with a 0·013-mm higher mean CCA–IMT (P=0·016) and a 0·016-mm higher maximum CCA–IMT (P=0·008), measured at 36 months. No relationship was seen between DII score and carotid plaque severity. There were 269 deaths during follow-up. High DII scores were positively associated with ASVD-related death (per sd, hazard ratio (HR): 1·36; 95 % CI 1·15, 1·60), CVA-related death (per sd, HR: 1·30; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·69) and IHD-related death (per sd, HR: 1·40; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·75). These results support the hypothesis that a pro-inflammatory diet increases systemic inflammation leading to development and progression of atherosclerosis and eventual ASVD-related death.
Max Scheler and Adam Smith on Sympathy
Authors: Alfaro Altamirano Adriana 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecent efforts to theorize the role of emotions in political life have stressed the importance of sympathy, and have often recurred to Adam Smith to articulate their claims. In the early twentieth-century, Max Scheler disputed the salutary character of sympathy, dismissing it as an ultimately perverse foundation for human association. Unlike later critics of sympathy as a political principle, Scheler rejected it for being ill equipped to salvage what, in his opinion, should be the proper basis of morality, namely, moral value. Even if Scheler's objections against Smith's project prove to be ultimately mistaken, he had important reasons to call into question its moral purchase in his own time. Where the most dangerous idol is not self-love but illusory self-knowledge, the virtue of self-command will not suffice. Where identification with others threatens the social bond more deeply than faction, “standing alone” in moral matters proves a more urgent task.
The Musical Philosophy of Bertrand de Jouvenel
Authors: Honeycutt Kevin S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this essay I set forth the musical philosophy of Bertrand de Jouvenel, a topic that has not been previously explored. I focus on Jouvenel's literary background; his emphasis on the imagination; his insistence that metaphor is the basis of all thought; and his critique of the “amousia” of modern philosophy, that is, its lack of music. Jouvenel believes that this amousia has led to dangerous political consequences in the twentieth century, such as the aesthetic and psychological promotion of violence. After setting forth Jouvenel's account, I explore these consequences.
Mass-Fatality Incident Preparedness Among Faith-Based Organizations
Authors: Zhi Qi , Merrill Jacqueline A. , Gershon Robyn R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionMembers of faith-based organizations (FBOs) are in a unique position to provide support and services to their local communities during disasters. Because of their close community ties and well-established trust, they can play an especially critical role in helping communities heal in the aftermath of a mass-fatality incident (MFI). Faith-based organizations are considered an important disaster resource and partner under the National Response Plan (NRP) and National Response Framework; however, their level of preparedness and response capabilities with respect to MFIs has never been evaluated. The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to develop appropriate measures of preparedness for this sector; (2) to assess MFI preparedness among United States FBOs; and (3) to identify key factors associated with MFI preparedness.ProblemNew metrics for MFI preparedness, comprised of three domains (organizational capabilities, operational capabilities, and resource sharing partnerships), were developed and tested in a national convenience sample of FBO members.MethodsData were collected using an online anonymous survey that was distributed through two major, national faith-based associations and social media during a 6-week period in 2014. Descriptive, bivariate, and correlational analyses were conducted.ResultsOne hundred twenty-four respondents completed the online survey. More than one-half of the FBOs had responded to MFIs in the previous five years. Only 20% of respondents thought that roughly three-quarters of FBO clergy would be able to respond to MFIs, with or without hazardous contamination. A higher proportion (45%) thought that most FBO clergy would be willing to respond, but only 37% thought they would be willing if hazardous contamination was involved. Almost all respondents reported that their FBO was capable of providing emotional care and grief counseling in response to MFIs. Resource sharing partnerships were typically in place with other voluntary organizations (73%) and less likely with local death care sector organizations (27%) or Departments of Health (DOHs; 32%).ConclusionsThe study suggests improvements are needed in terms of staff training in general, and specifically, drills with planning partners are needed. Greater cooperation and inclusion of FBOs in national planning and training will likely benefit overall MFI preparedness in the US.ZhiQ, MerrillJA, GershonRR. Mass-fatality incident preparedness among faith-based organizations. Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(6):596–603.
Simplifying Electron Beam Channeling in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM)
Authors: Wu Ryan J. , Mittal Anudha , Odlyzko Michael L. , Mkhoyan K. Andre 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSub-angstrom scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allows quantitative column-by-column analysis of crystalline specimens via annular dark-field images. The intensity of electrons scattered from a particular location in an atomic column depends on the intensity of the electron probe at that location. Electron beam channeling causes oscillations in the STEM probe intensity during specimen propagation, which leads to differences in the beam intensity incident at different depths. Understanding the parameters that control this complex behavior is critical for interpreting experimental STEM results. In this work, theoretical analysis of the STEM probe intensity reveals that intensity oscillations during specimen propagation are regulated by changes in the beam’s angular distribution. Three distinct regimes of channeling behavior are observed: the high-atomic-number (Z) regime, in which atomic scattering leads to significant angular redistribution of the beam; the low-Zregime, in which the probe’s initial angular distribution controls intensity oscillations; and the intermediate-Zregime, in which the behavior is mixed. These contrasting regimes are shown to exist for a wide range of probe parameters. These results provide a new understanding of the occurrence and consequences of channeling phenomena and conditions under which their influence is strengthened or weakened by characteristics of the electron probe and sample.