bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living to Labour, Labouring to Live: The Problem of Suicide in Charlotte Smith'sElegiac Sonnets
Authors: Parisot Eric 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn herElegiac Sonnets, Charlotte Smith presents the reader with a suffering poetic persona, one heavily burdened by a melancholic longing for death as a release from the ills of the world. Although this image of a despairing sentimental heroine cultivates a perception that this persona, or even Smith herself, harbours suicidal intentions, this essay argues that such desires remain inert throughout the sonnet sequence. In comparing Smith's imagining of Werther's suicidal experience – as articulated in a five‐sonnet sequence within theElegiac Sonnets– with the envisioned dejection of Smith's poetic persona, it is arguable that Smith is, instead, careful to delineate the ways in which these respective experiences diverge, and how the persistence of reason in particular, as both a blessing and a curse, prevents Smith's speaker from following Werther to the grave. Finally, it is a further reminder that (literary) suicide, often seen as the quintessentially transcendent Romantic destiny, was not a viable option for Romantic female writers who aspired to sympathetic identification and elegiac remembrance.
Side‐by‐Side Alterations in Glycocalyx Thickness and Perfused Microvascular Density During Acute Microcirculatory Alterations in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Koning Nick J. , Vonk Alexander B. A. , Vink Hans , Boer Christa 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesEndothelial glycocalyx injury causes microcirculatory perfusion disturbances in experimental studies, but the relevance in a clinical setting remains unknown. We investigated whether glycocalyx dimensions are reduced after onset of CPB and whether this is associated with alterations in microvascular perfusion.MethodsThe current observational study included 36 patients undergoing cardiac surgery without or with CPB, using either nonpulsatile or pulsatile flow. Sublingual microcirculatory perfusion was assessed perioperatively and analyzed for perfused vessel density and PBR, an inverse parameter of endothelial glycocalyx dimensions.ResultsPerfused vessel density decreased after onset of CPB in parallel with an increase in PBR in both pulsatile and nonpulsatile groups. In the nonpulsatile CPB group, these alterations were still persistent in the ICU (PVD: T1 19.8 ± 2.8 mm/mm2 vs. T3 15.3 ± 2.6 mm/mm2; p = 0.004. PBR: T1 2.40 ± 0.35 μm vs. T3 2.60 ± 0.31 μm; p = 0.020). In the off‐pump group, perfused vessel density remained unaltered. An inverse correlation between perfused vessel density and PBR was detected.ConclusionsThis study shows that endothelial glycocalyx dimensions decrease after onset of CPB and are closely related to microvascular perfusion when assessed with a novel, noninvasive technique.
A brachytic dwarfism trait (dw) in peach trees is caused by a nonsense mutation within the gibberellic acid receptor PpeGID1c
Authors: Hollender Courtney A. , Hadiarto Toto , Srinivasan Chinnathambi , Scorza Ralph , Dardick Chris 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Little is known about the genetic factors controlling tree size and shape. Here, we studied the genetic basis for a recessive brachytic dwarfism trait (dw) in peach (Prunus persica) that has little or no effect on fruit development.

A sequencing‐based mapping strategy positioned dw on the distal end of chromosome 6. Further sequence analysis and fine mapping identified a candidate gene for dw as a non‐functional allele of the gibberellic acid receptor GID1c.

Expression of the two GID1‐like genes found in peach, PpeGID1c and PpeGID1b, was analyzed. GID1c was predominantly expressed in actively growing vegetative tissues, whereas GID1b was more highly expressed in reproductive tissues. Silencing of GID1c in plum via transgenic expression of a hairpin construct led to a dwarf phenotype similar to that of dw/dw peaches. In general, the degree of GID1c silencing corresponded to the degree of dwarfing.

The results suggest that PpeGID1c serves a primary role in vegetative growth and elongation, whereas GID1b probably functions to regulate gibberellic acid perception in reproductive organs. Modification of GID1c expression could provide a rational approach to control tree size without impairing fruit development.
Religion and Comics
Authors: Brackett Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractComics and graphic novels are increasingly popular today, and there are numerous ways one can incorporate them into the Religious Studies classroom. Using comics is not, however, driven solely by their popularity; rather, the ability to select wide‐ranging theoretical and methodological approaches to comics creates opportunities for instructors to meet their pedagogical goals and course outcomes in exciting new ways. This essay aims to introduce a variety of scholarly resources, as well as a sample of comics rife with religious themes, for instructors considering using comics in the classroom. One can readily adapt the secondary readings, comics, and approaches to fit one's institutional location and pedagogical preferences.
The Babylonian Theodicy: An Ancient Babylonian Discourse on Human Piety and Divine Justice
Authors: Oshima Takayoshi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe ancient Babylonian poem known by its modern title ‘Babylonian Theodicy’ is written in a dialogue form between two men. They exchange views on the meaning of worship of the gods and its benefit. Although the poem does not specify their identities, judging from the contents, it seems that the protagonists are based on ancient scribes or temple scholars. It is very likely that they were also the intended audience of this poem. The first protagonist, customarily called ‘the sufferer’, repeatedly bewails his unrewarded devotion to the gods and unmerited plight. Apparently, his worldview was moulded by the traditional Mesopotamian belief: various Sumero‐Babylonian didactic texts teach that, for demonstrating piety by means of prayers, gifts, libation and offerings, the gods will reward people with health and wealth. These ancient precepts also warn people of possible divine punishments for neglecting cultic obligations. The sufferer of the Babylonia Theodicy presents his plight and the richness of the godless as the proof of the senselessness of piety. On the other hand, the second protagonist, apparently an older and more learned man than the sufferer, advocates worship of the gods. He asserts that, unlike wild animals, humankind is capable of acknowledging the divine and, through rituals, can gain insights into the divine wisdom, no matter how incomprehensible the gods' decisions might seem. He also teaches that the true reward for one's piety is not wealth but divine grace. Judging from the fact that the sufferer eventually accepts the friend's position, it is very likely that, unlike previously suggested by various scholars, its author actually identified himself with the second protagonist, the friend.
Social Formation in the Study of Religion
Authors: Redden Jason 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article traces the development of the concept social formation in the study of religion. Beginning with the work of Burton Mack and Russell McCutcheon, two scholars who have written explicitly on the concept, the article outlines points of connection between social formation theory and other social constructivist work currently set within the discipline of religion as well as extra‐disciplinary work on ethnogenesis and the construction of ethnic identity. Lastly, with reference to the work of Tyler Roberts, the article considers some critical appraisal of the concept and speculates on how some such criticism might be addressed in an effort to enrich social formation theory.
Study of Influence of Regional Geodynamic Background on Strata Behaviors in China's Tongxin Mine
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhang Hongwei , Yu Bin , Zhu Zhijie , Wu Wenda , Li Yunpeng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStrata behaviors are mainly affected by regional geodynamic background. The influence of rock mass stress and energy distribution on strata behaviors in the Tongxin mine is studied in terms of regional tectonic movement, seismic activity and tectonic stress field. The results show that the extrusion lifting movement of Kouquan fault adjacent to the Tongxin mine results in the stress concentration in the rock of the Carboniferous coal bed and accumulation of a large amount of elastic energy and forms structural background of Tongxin mine. Due to various seismic activities in the mine area, the strain energy is known to reach much higher levels, up to 0.5×108 J1/2. Since the stratigraphic structure is sensitive to the mining operation, the strain energy could cause strong strata behaviors. A special geological structure model of the Tongxin mine is established based on the geodynamic division method. The distribution of regional structure stress field is determined by the rock mass stress analysis system. Based on this model, Tongxin mine is divided into five areas with high stress, eight areas with low stress and eight areas with gradient stress. The strong strata behaviors mostly occur in high stress areas. These results could provide guidance to predict the strength of regional or mine pressure and control strata behavior in different areas.
Identification of a novel HLA‐A*02 allele, HLA‐A*02:432, in a Chinese individual
Authors: Jin S.‐Z. , Li Z. , Zou H.‐Y. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA*02:432 differs from A*02:07:01 by one nucleotide change at nucleotide 572 in exon 3 from G to C.
Development and application of multiple immunofluorescence staining for diagnostic cytology of canine and feline lymphoma
Authors: Sawa Mariko , Yabuki Akira , Setoguchi Asuka , Yamato Osamu 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundImmunophenotyping of canine and feline lymphoma to determine B‐cell or T‐cell origin is important for predicting prognosis and for development of treatment protocols. For advanced diagnostic cytology tests that can be performed on smears are required to predict the immunophenotype of lymphomas.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to develop a multiple immunofluorescence (MIF) staining method for the determination of lymphocyte immunophenotype in cytologic specimens, and to evaluate its clinical utility.MethodsB cells and T cells were detected using anti‐CD79α and anti‐CD3 antibodies, respectively, followed by specific fluorescence‐labeled secondary antibodies. The MIF staining method was first developed using fresh‐frozen sections of normal canine lymph nodes. The optimal fixative, the necessity of antigen retrieval (AR), and the optimal concentration of the antibodies were determined. The MIF method was then applied to smears of normal lymph nodes, and to clinical samples from dogs and cats with lymphoma. The MIF results were compared to genetic clonality results.ResultsB and T cells were detected based on specific fluorescence in frozen sections, using formalin fixation without AR. Specific fluorescence was also detected in smears from normal lymph nodes and lymphomas, and the immunophenotypes predicted from this MIF staining method completely corresponded to those from genetic clonality analysis.ConclusionsThe MIF staining method that we developed in this study effectively distinguished lymphocyte immunophenotypes with high specificity and sensitivity using a single smear sample, and was useful as a diagnostic tool for canine and feline lymphoma.
Traumatic tracheal diverticulum corrected with resection and anastomosis during one‐lung ventilation and total intravenous anesthesia in a cat
Authors: Sayre Rebecca S. , Lepiz Mauricio , Wall Corey , Thieman‐Mankin Kelley , Dobbin Jennifer 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis report describes the clinical findings and diagnostic images of a traumatic intrathoracic tracheal avulsion with a tracheal diverticulum in a cat. Furthermore, a complete description of the tracheal resection and anastomosis using one‐lung ventilation (OLV) with total and partial intravenous anesthesia is made.Case SummaryA 3‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthair cat weighing 6.8 kg was presented to the University Teaching Hospital for evaluation of increased respiratory noise 3 months following unknown trauma. Approximately 12 weeks prior to presentation, the cat had been seen by the primary care veterinarian for respiratory distress. At that time, the cat had undergone a tracheal ballooning procedure for a distal tracheal stricture diagnosed by tracheoscopy. The tracheal ballooning had provided only temporary relief. At presentation to our institution, the cat had increased respiratory effort with harsh upper airway noise auscultated during thoracic examination. The remainder of the physical examination was normal. Diagnostics included a tracheoscopy and a thoracic computed tomographic examination. The cat was diagnosed with tracheal avulsion, pseudotrachea with a tracheal diverticulum, and stenosis of the avulsed tracheal ends. Surgical correction of the tracheal stricture via a thoracotomy was performed using OLV with total and partial intravenous anesthesia. The cat recovered uneventfully and at last follow‐up was active and doing well.Unique Information ProvidedThis case report describes OLV using standard anesthesia equipment that is available at most private practices. Furthermore, this case describes the computed tomographic images of the intrathoracic tracheal avulsion and offers a positive outcome for tracheal resection and anastomosis.
Imaginarios urbanos y segregación socioespacial. Un estudio de caso sobre Quito
Authors: Santillán Cornejo Alfredo 
Published: December 2015

El artículo expone los resultados de la aplicación del marco conceptual y metodológico de imaginarios urbanos de un estudio de caso sobre la ciudad de Quito como herramienta útil, con el fin de comprender la forma como se representa la segregación socioespacial que ha caracterizado históricamente a la capital ecuatoriana. Los hallazgos obtenidos apuntan a que la adscripción espacial constituye un elemento determinante de los imaginarios que dan sentido a las fronteras intraurbanas y, de esta manera, las producciones imaginarias permiten reconstruir, en el plano simbólico, las tensiones que conllevan las desigualdades sociales y espaciales.
Planeación en sistemas complejos: el enfoque comunicativo en la formulación de planes de desarrollo urbano
Authors: Gutiérrez Chaparro Juan José 
Published: December 2015

La complejidad que caracteriza a los sistemas territoriales en la actualidad exige un cambio en la concepción de los instrumentos de conducción de su desarrollo. La experiencia demuestra que las tradicionales formas de planeación han sido superadas, entre otras razones, porque el conocimiento disponible en este campo es insuficiente para explicar la compleja problemática que caracteriza los ámbitos territoriales. Las actuaciones públicas han logrado resolver parcialmente la complejidad presente y, desde el campo de de la teoría de planeación, el análisis se dirige a explorar las contribuciones del enfoque comunicativo como paradigma emergente de nuestro campo de conocimiento y destacan sus aportaciones en materia de renovación de los actuales esquemas de intervención territorial que favorecen la participación y el consenso social.
La calidez en enfermería: formulación de constructo y variables relacionadas
Authors: Lagos Sánchez Zita Elena , De Mattos-Pimenta Cibele Andrucioli , Urrutia María Teresa 
Published: December 2015

<p>La calidez es un fenómeno subjetivo fundamental en las relaciones personales. La calidez se contagia y, así, puede ser un factor favorecedor en el cuidado, mas no existe consenso en su definición ni dominios. Medir la calidez es significativo, pues es un predictor de satisfacción usuaria; sin embargo, no se encontraron modos de medirla, lo que motivó esta revisión. <em>Objetivos:</em> Identificar en la revisión teórica comportamientos<br />que representen la calidez del enfermero y operar el constructo calidez en enfermería y variables relacionadas. <em>Método</em>: Revisión integrativa que abarcó la exploración y análisis de la evidencia sobre calidez, la cual corresponde a la primera etapa del proyecto de investigación titulado: <em>Construcción y validación de una escala de medición de la calidez presente en los enfermeros</em>, donde se pretende construir y validar una<br />escala que permita medir este fenómeno. Se revisaron definiciones de calidez en diccionarios, textos y artículos de diversas bases de datos. Los descriptores utilizados fueron: <em>calidez, calidez y enfermería</em>, en español e inglés. Para definir el constructo y sus variables se complementó el modelo de tres fases de Luiz Pasquali con los procedimientos<br />de Ethel Bauzer y Floyd Fowler. <em>Resultados</em>: Se formuló el constructo <em>calidez en enfermería</em>, se identificaron 2 dominios, 28 variables verbales, 9 no verbales y 93 comportamientos. <em>Conclusiones</em>: Los resultados de la fase teórica del modelo aplicado permitieron formular constructo, dominios y variables de <em>calidez en enfermería</em>. Estos aportes son de interés para la gestión del cuidado enfermero y enseñanza, pues<br />se relacionan directamente con la satisfacción usuaria.</p>
Significado que construye el personal de enfermería sobre los cuidadores familiares de personas hospitalizadas
Authors: Escobar Ciro Carmen Liliana , Cardozo Garcia Yadira , Mejia Arango Olga Liliana , Muñoz Cardona Monica Johana , Cuartas Velasquez Paula Andrea 
Published: December 2015

<p><em>Objetivo:</em> Conocer el significado que construye el personal de enfermería sobre los cuidadores familiares de personas hospitalizadas. <em>Método:</em> Cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico. Se realizaron 13 entrevistas y 50 horas de observación participante. Los participantes fueron el personal de enfermería que labora en salas de medicina interna en dos instituciones de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. El análisis se hizo a<br />partir de la lectura de relatos, observaciones y notas de campo; se extractaron códigos que se agruparon en categorías y se procedió a la interpretación de los hallazgos. <em>Resultados:</em> Para el personal de enfermería el cuidador es importante en el ámbito hospitalario en la medida que está pendiente, colabora, facilita el cuidado y se interesa<br />en aprender. En contraposición, es un obstáculo, porque no participa en las actividades de cuidado al paciente en el hospital, ya sea por miedo o falta de conocimientos. El contexto hospitalario no condiciona el significado que construye el personal de enfermería acerca del cuidador familiar, pues si bien el modelo de cuidado en ambas instituciones está centrado en el paciente y la familia, el cuidador familiar se utiliza<br />como recurso alternativo de cuidado, sin considerar sus necesidades y vulnerabilidad en el ambiente hospitalario. <em>Conclusiones:</em> El personal de enfermería construye el significado acerca del cuidador familiar en el hospital de acuerdo con su utilidad o no en el apoyo que este realiza para las actividades de cuidado.</p><p> </p>
Oxidation Performance Coating for Future Supercritical Power Plants
Authors: Oksa Maria , Tuurna Satu , Metsäjoki Jarkko , Penttilä Sami 
Published: December 2015

For improved efficiency and reduced emissions, the future power plants need to operate at high temperatures and pressures, which however are limited by the durability of conventional materials such as ferritic steels. Steam oxidation of a number of coatings (Al slurries, thermal spraying, chemical vapor deposition siliconizing, and nickel plating) has demonstrated the feasibility of coatings to improve oxidation resistance. Al slurry coatings combine good high-temperature oxidation resistance through the growth of an Al2O3 layer and the possibility to apply the coating on an industrial scale at moderate cost. This work aimed to test the oxidation performance of coatings and reference alloys in ultra-supercritical (USC) water. The tested materials included Al slurry coating on ferritic 9%Cr steel and nickel-based A263 substrates, and bulk P92, MARBN, and A263 alloys as reference specimens. Oxidation resistance was tested by exposure to flowing supercritical water (SCW) with 125 ppb dissolved oxygen at 650°C (1202°F)/25  MPa (3625 psi) up to 1000 hr.
Role of Residues W228 and Y233 in the Structure and Activity of Metallo-β-Lactamase GIM-1
Authors: Skagseth Susann , Carlsen Trine Josefine , Bjerga Gro Elin Kjæreng , Spencer James , Samuelsen Ørjan , Leiros Hanna-Kirsti S. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) hydrolyze virtually all β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. The worldwide emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria harboring MBLs poses an increasing clinical threat. The MBL German imipenemase-1 (GIM-1) possesses an active site that is narrower and more hydrophobic than the active sites of other MBLs. The GIM-1 active-site groove is shaped by the presence of the aromatic side chains of tryptophan at residue 228 and tyrosine at residue 233, positions where other MBLs harbor hydrophilic residues. To investigate the importance of these two residues, eight site-directed mutants of GIM-1, W228R/A/Y/S and Y233N/A/I/S, were generated and characterized using enzyme kinetics, thermostability assays, and determination of the MICs of representative β-lactams. The structures of selected mutants were obtained by X-ray crystallography, and their interactions with β-lactam substrates were modeled
in silico
. Steady-state kinetics revealed that both positions are important to GIM-1 activity but that the effects of individual mutations vary depending on the β-lactam substrate. Activity against type 1 substrates bearing electron-donating C-3/C-4 substituents (cefoxitin, meropenem) could be enhanced by mutations at position 228, whereas hydrolysis of type 2 substrates (benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, ceftazidime, imipenem) with methyl or positively charged substituents was favored by mutations at position 233. The crystal structures showed that mutations at position 228 or the Y233A variant alters the conformation of GIM-1 loop L1 rather than that of loop L3, on which the mutations are located. Taken together, these data show that point mutations at both positions 228 and 233 can influence the catalytic properties and the structure of GIM-1.
Immunomodulatory Role of Clarithromycin in Acinetobacter baumannii Infection via Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: Konstantinidis Theocharis , Kambas Konstantinos , Mitsios Alexandros , Panopoulou Maria , Tsironidou Victoria , Dellaporta Erminia , Kouklakis Georgios , Arampatzioglou Athanasios , Angelidou Iliana , Mitroulis Ioannis , Skendros Panagiotis , Ritis Konstantinos 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Macrolide antibiotics have been shown to act as immunomodulatory molecules in various immune cells. However, their effect on neutrophils has not been extensively investigated. In this study, we investigated the role of macrolide antibiotics in the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). By assessing
ex vivo
and
in vivo
NET formation, we demonstrated that clarithromycin is able to induce NET generation both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Clarithromycin utilizes autophagy in order to form NETs, and these NETs are decorated with antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Clarithromycin-induced NETs are able to inhibit
Acinetobacter baumannii
growth and biofilm formation in an LL-37-dependent manner. Additionally, LL-37 antimicrobial function depends on NET scaffold integrity. Collectively, these data expand the knowledge on the immunomodulatory role of macrolide antibiotics via the generation of LL-37-bearing NETs, which demonstrate LL-37-dependent antimicrobial activity and biofilm inhibition against
A. baumannii
.