bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for tidal orbital decay in hot Jupiters
Authors: Alvarado Efrain , Bostow Kate B , Patra Kishore C , Jacobus Cooper H , Baer-Way Raphael A , Jennings Connor F , Pichay Neil R , deGraw Asia A , Vidal Edgar P , Chander Vidhi , Altunin Ivan A , Brendel Victoria M , Ehrich Kingsley E , Sunseri James D , May Michael B , Punjabi Druv H , Gendreau-Distler Eli A , Risin Sophia , Brink Thomas G , Zheng WeiKang , Filippenko Alexei V 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We study transits of several ‘hot Jupiter’ systems, including WASP-12 b, WASP-43 b, WASP-103 b, HAT-P-23 b, KELT-16 b, WD 1856+534 b, and WTS-2 b, with the goal of detecting tidal orbital decay and extending the baselines of transit times. We find no evidence of orbital decay in any of the observed systems except for that of the extensively studied WASP-12 b. Although the orbit of WASP-12 b is unequivocally decaying, we find no evidence for acceleration of said orbital decay, with measured $\ddot{P} = (-7 \pm 8) \times 10^{-14} \, \rm s^{-1}$, against the expected acceleration decay of $\ddot{P} \approx -10^{-23} \, \rm s^{-1}$. In the case of WD 1856+534 b, there is a tentative detection of orbital growth with $\dot{P} = (5.0 \pm 1.5) \times 10^{-10}$. While statistically significant, we err on the side of caution and wait for longer follow-up observations to consider the measured $\dot{P}$ real. For most systems, we provide a 95 per cent confidence lower limit on the tidal quality factor, $Q_\star ^{\prime }$. The possibility of detecting orbital decay in hot Jupiters via long-term radial velocity (RV) measurements is also explored. We find that ${\sim} 1 \rm \, m \, s^{-1}$ precision in RVs will be required to detect orbital decay of WASP-12 b with only 3 yr of observations. Currently available RV measurements and precision are unable to detect orbital decay in any of the systems studied here.
Holographic Analysis of Boundary Correlation Functions for the Hyperbolic-Lattice Ising Model
Authors: Okunishi Kouichi , Nishino Tomotoshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We analyze boundary spin correlation functions of the hyperbolic-lattice Ising model from the holographic point of view. Using the corner-transfer-matrix renormalization-group (CTMRG) method, we demonstrate that the boundary correlation function exhibits power-law decay with quasiperiodic oscillation, while the bulk correlation function always decays exponentially. On the basis of the geometric relation between the bulk correlation path and distance along the outer edge boundary, we find that scaling dimensions for the boundary correlation function can be well explained by a combination of the bulk correlation length and background curvatures inherent to the hyperbolic lattice. We also investigate the cutoff effect of the bond dimension in CTMRG, revealing that the long-distance behavior of the boundary spin correlation is accurately described even with a small bond dimension. In contrast, the short-distance behavior rapidly loses its accuracy.
Trends and Rates of Reporting of Race, Ethnicity, and Social Determinants of Health in Spine Surgery Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Solomon Eric , Gupta Mihir , Su Rachel , Reinhart Nolan , Battistoni Valentina , Mittal Aditya , Bronheim Rachel S. , Silva-Aponte Juan , Cartagena Reyes Miguel , Hawkins Devan , Joshi Aditya , Kebaish Khaled M. , Hassanzadeh Hamid 
Published: September 2024

Study Design:
A systematic review.

Objective:
We characterized the rates of sociodemographic data and social determinants of health (SDOH) reported in spinal surgery randomized control trials (RCTs) and the association between these RCTs' characteristics and their rates of reporting on race, ethnicity, and SDOH variables.

Summary of Background Data:
Although numerous institutions maintain guidelines and recommendations regarding the inclusion and reporting of sociodemographic and SDOH variables in RCTs, the proportion of studies that ultimately report such information is unclear, particularly in spine surgery.

Materials and Methods:
We searched the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase databases for published results from spinal surgery RCTs from January 2002 through December 2022, and screened studies according to prespecified inclusion criteria regarding analysis and reporting of sociodemographic and SDOH variables.

Results:
We analyzed 421 studies. Ninety-six studies (22.8%) reported race, ethnicity, or SDOH covariates. On multivariate analysis, study size [rate ratio (RR)=1.18; 95% CI, 1.06–1.32], public/institutional funding (RR=2.28; 95% CI, 1.29–4.04), and private funding (RR=3.27; 95% CI, 1.87–5.74) were significantly associated with reporting race, ethnicity, or SDOH variables. Study size (RR=1.26; 95% CI, 1.07–1.48) and North American region (RR=21.84; CI, 5.04–94.64) were associated with a higher probability of reporting race and/or ethnicity. Finally, study size (RR=1.27; 95% CI, 1.10–1.46), public/institutional funding (RR=2.68; 95% CI, 1.33–5.39), focus on rehabilitation/therapy intervention (RR=2.70; 95% CI, 1.40–5.21), and nonblinded study groups (RR=2.70; 95% CI, 1.40–5.21) were associated with significantly higher probability of reporting employment status.

Conclusion:
Rates of reporting race, ethnicity, and SDOH variables were lower in the spinal surgery RCTs in our study than in RCTs in other medical disciplines. These reporting rates did not increase over a 20-year period. Trial characteristics significantly associated with higher rates of reporting were larger study size, North American region, private or public funding, and a focus on behavioral/rehabilitation interventions.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
The Impact of the Lowest Instrumented Vertebra on the Correction of the Minor Curve During Selective Fusion in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Prost Max , Denz Philip , Windolf Joachim , Konieczny Markus Rafael 
Published: September 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective single-center data analysis.

Objective:
The aim of this investigation was to give advises for choosing the LIV in selective fusion to reach the best correction of the minor curve and sagittal profile.

Summary of Background Data:
Scoliotic curves can be classified as structural or nonstructural. If selective fusion is performed, the nonstructural curves are not instrumented. The choice of the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) and the impact of different levels of the LIV on the correction of the minor curve in the frontal profile and on the sagittal balance is under debate.

Methods:
Forty-seven consecutive patients treated by posterior instrumented fusion were included in this retrospective investigation. Impact of the level of the LIV with regard to distance to end vertebra (EV), to the stable vertebra (StV), to the sagittal infliction point (IP), and to the apex of the lumbar lordosis on the correction of the minor curve was analyzed.

Results:
Distance of LIV to EV was significant with regard to correction of the minor curve if it was more than 5 levels (P<0.001). Distance of LIV to StV was significant with regard to correction of the minor curve if it was more than 4 levels (P<0.01). Distance of LIV to IP was significant with regard to correction of the minor curve if it was more than 2 levels (P<0.01).

Conclusions:
Choosing a LIV that was more than 2 levels higher or lower than the sagittal infliction point showed a significantly higher correction of the minor curve. We therefore recommend to keep that distance when LIV is chosen.
MPPD: A User-Friendly Posture Deformation Program for Mesh-Type Computational Phantoms
Authors: Han Haegin , Kim Jaehyo , Moon Sungho , Son Gahee , Shin Bangho , Kim Hyeonil , Kim Suhyeon , Choi Chansoo , Kim Chan Hyeong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) released adult Mesh-type Reference Computational Phantoms (MRCPs), which have great advantage in high deformability. Previous studies have exploited their high deformability to investigate the dosimetric influence of varying statures and postures, demonstrating significant variations in radiation doses. However, the previous studies are constrained by their inability to consider both stature and posture concurrently and by the limited range of postures analyzed. In the present study, a computer program named MPPD (Mesh-type Phantom Posture Deformer) was developed, a user-friendly graphical user interface that enables users to adjust the posture of adult MRCPs and corresponding library phantoms. The MPPD program was applied to deform five adult male phantoms of different statures into sitting and kneeling postures, showcasing its rapid computational speed and minimal RAM usage. The effectiveness of the MPPD program for dose calculation was also investigated by computing the detriment-weighted doses for MPPD-deformed adult male MRCPs, which showed good agreement with dose values for existing posture-deformed phantoms of the previous study. Furthermore, as an application of the MPPD program, the combined dosimetric impact of stature and posture was investigated, which is the inaugural effort to estimate doses by considering these factors concurrently. The result showed that the impact of stature and posture on radiation doses could largely vary depending on the radiation source, highlighting the importance of simultaneous consideration of stature and posture for accurate dose estimation.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of Single-dose or Multiple-dose Cefiderocol in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients Three Months to Less Than Eighteen Years Old With Infections Treated With Standard-of-care Antibiotics in the PEDI-CEFI Phase 2 Study
Authors: Bradley John S. , Orchiston Elaine , Portsmouth Simon , Ariyasu Mari , Baba Takamichi , Katsube Takayuki , Makinde Oluwaseun 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections are increasing globally in neonates, infants and children; antibiotic options are limited.

Methods:
This international, multicenter, open-label phase 2 study, investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of single-dose and multiple-dose cefiderocol [as a 3-hour infusion (every 8 hours) dosed at 2000 mg for body weight ≥34 kg and at 60 mg/kg for body weight <34 kg], over a range of renal function, in hospitalized pediatric patients with aerobic Gram-negative bacterial infection; multiple-dose patients required standard-of-care systemic antibiotics for 5–14 days. Four cohorts of pediatric patients were enrolled (cohort 1: 12 to <18 years, cohort 2: 6 to <12 years, cohort 3: 2 to <6 years and cohort 4: 3 months to <2 years).

Results:
A total of 53 patients (median age: 73.5 months) were enrolled. Plasma concentration profiles were similar with single-dose (n = 24) and multiple-dose (n = 29) cefiderocol, irrespective of age and body weight in those with normal renal function or mild renal impairment. Geometric mean concentrations at the end of infusion ranged between 72.7 and 97.1 μg/mL for single-dose cefiderocol and between 88.8 and 106.0 μg/mL after multiple doses. At 8 hours, corresponding trough concentrations ranged from 7.86 to 10.8 μg/mL with single-dose cefiderocol and from 9.64 to 18.1 μg/mL with multiple doses. There were no deaths, no cefiderocol-related serious adverse events, significant related laboratory abnormalities or discontinuations.

Conclusions:
Multiple-dose cefiderocol, administered for 5–14 days and according to body weight, achieved steady-state plasma concentrations that remained above the susceptibility breakpoints of Gram-negative bacteria throughout the dosing period. Cefiderocol was well tolerated.
The physical activity paradox; exploring the relationship with pain outcomes. The Tromsø Study 2015-2016
Authors: Fjeld Mats Kirkeby , Årnes Anders Pedersen , Engdahl Bo , Morseth Bente , Hopstock Laila Arnesdatter , Horsch Alexander , Stubhaug Audun , Strand Bjørn Heine , Ranhoff Anette Hylen , Matre Dagfinn , Nielsen Christopher Sivert , Steingrímsdóttir Ólöf Anna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Paradoxical associations have been observed for leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and occupational physical activity (OPA) and several health-related outcomes. Typically, higher LTPA is associated with health benefits and high OPA with health hazards. Using data from the Tromsø Study (2015-2016), we assessed how questionnaire-based LTPA and OPA (n = 21,083) and accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) (n = 6778) relate to pain outcomes. Leisure-time physical activity and OPA were categorized as inactive PA, low PA, and moderate-to-vigorous PA and then aggregated into 9 levels, eg, inactive LTPA/inactive OPA. Accelerometer-measured PA included counts/minute, steps/day, and WHO PA recommendations from 2010 to 2020. Three binary pain outcomes (any pain, any chronic pain, and moderate-to-severe chronic pain) were constructed based on pain location, intensity, duration, and impact on daily activities. By using Poisson regression to estimate absolute and relative associations, we found that high LTPA was associated with lower pain prevalence and vice versa for OPA. Compared to inactive LTPA, prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals was lowest for moderate-to-vigorous LTPA, 0.93 (0.89-0.96) for any pain, 0.88 (0.84-0.93) for any chronic pain, and 0.66 (0.59-0.75) for moderate-to-severe chronic pain. Compared to sedentary OPA, the ratio was highest for moderate-to-vigorous OPA, 1.04 (1.01-1.07) for any pain, 1.06 (1.02-1.10) for any chronic pain, and 1.33 (1.21-1.46) for moderate-to-severe chronic pain. Aggregated LTPA and OPA showed lower outcomes for moderate-to-vigorous LTPA combined with lower levels of OPA. Higher levels of accelerometer-measured PA were associated with less pain. To summarize, we found inverse associations for LTPA and OPA. Benefits from LTPA seem to depend on low levels of OPA.
A nurse practitioner–led deprescribing bundled intervention to reduce rates of polypharmacy in the post-acute care setting
Authors: Boynton Polly B. , Head Tracy 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
In post-acute care (PAC) settings, residents face elevated risks of adverse drug reactions and emergency department visits because of polypharmacy. With over 90% of PAC residents nationally taking five or more medications, targeted deprescribing of inappropriate or unnecessary medications emerges as a critical strategy.

Local problem:
The project site faces high rates of polypharmacy with a root cause analysis revealing a deficiency in evidence-based practices (EBP) for deprescribing potentially inappropriate or unnecessary medications. To address this issue, a bundled deprescribing intervention was implemented as part of a quality improvement project aimed at reducing polypharmacy rates.

Methods:
This project, conducted at a PAC setting in the midwestern United States, used the RE-AIM Model. Data collection involved tracking prescribing rates before and after the intervention for residents admitted to the practice setting over a 5-month period.

Intervention:
A bundled EBP intervention comprising a deprescribing framework, pharmacist collaboration, and the utilization of an EBP guideline, established a systematic process guiding deprescribing efforts for each resident on admission to the PAC setting.

Results:
Fourty-nine patients received a deprescribing bundle, resulting in a 26.67% reduction in prescribed medications. On average, patients had 5.55 medications deprescribed, with reductions noted across 85 distinct therapeutic drug categories.

Conclusion:
Nurse practitioners play a pivotal role initiating successful deprescribing interventions within the PAC setting. Using a comprehensive approach, integrating pharmacist collaboration and EBP leads to reductions in prescribing rates among PAC residents. This model demonstrates potential for sustainable improvements in patient outcomes within the PAC environment.
Addressing complexities in β-thalassemia care: a case series from a resource-limited setting
Authors: Adhikari Pratik 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and importance:
β-thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder with a global prevalence, presenting diagnostic and management challenges, particularly in regions with high consanguinity rates. Diagnostic methods include clinical assessments, genetic testing, and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Treatment typically involves transfusions and chelation therapy, with gene therapy showing promise. This case series emphasizes the need for tailored care strategies and global health initiatives to improve outcomes for β-thalassemia patients worldwide.

Methods:
This case series involves five patients from rural Nepal presenting various β-thalassemia manifestations. The cases highlight the challenges in diagnosis and management in resource-limited settings. Data were collected through clinical assessments, laboratory investigations, and follow-ups. Each patient’s medical history, presentation, and treatment regimen were documented.

Outcomes:
The cases underscore the importance of regular follow-ups, community engagement, and personalized treatment strategies tailored to genetic profiles. Key findings include the necessity for consistent transfusion schedules, iron overload monitoring, and managing complications associated with β-thalassemia. Enhanced education and healthcare collaboration were noted as critical for optimizing care and outcomes in resource-limited settings.

Conclusions:
Managing β-thalassemia in resource-limited settings demands timely intervention, regular monitoring, and community involvement. Enhanced healthcare collaboration, access to advanced diagnostic tools, and tailored treatment strategies are paramount in addressing the unique challenges of β-thalassemia. These measures are essential for ensuring an improved quality of life for affected individuals in such regions.
Understanding disparities in cardiovascular death rates among older adults with sick sinus syndrome in the US
Authors: Hameed Ishaque , Nusrat Khushboo , Farhan Syed H. , Ahmad Oneeb , Hameed Indallah , Malik Shanza , Shaikh Ali T. , Raja Adarsh , Aijaz Ashnah , Arham Siddiq Muhammad , Saleem Patel Mustafa , Khan Rafay , Sharma Varsha , Hussain Muzna 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) increases with age, and approximately one in 600 patients above 65 develop this condition. In this study, the authors assessed trends in mortality related to SSS among older adults ≥65 years of age in the United States from 1999 to 2019.

Methods:
Trends in cardiovascular mortality related to SSS were identified by analyzing the data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database, where cardiovascular deaths were listed as the underlying cause of death and SSS was listed as the contributing cause of death between 1999 and 2019. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 1,000,000 population were determined.

Results
Between 1999 and 2019, a total of 41,615 SSS-related deaths occurred in older adults. Of these, 17,466 (41.9%) were men and 24,149 (58.1%) were women. Although a decline in cardiovascular mortality related to SSS was apparent from 1999 to 2014, a steep rise was noted from 2014 to 2019 [Annual Percentage Change (APC): 2.9%; 95% CI, 1.5–5.7]. Overall AAMRs were highest among White men (AAMR: 55.8; 95% CI, 54.9–56.6), followed by Black men (AAMR: 44.8; 95% CI, 42–47.6), White women (AAMR: 43.3; 95% CI, 42.8–43.9), and Black women (AAMR: 39.4; 95% CI, 37.6–41.2). Rural dwellers had higher AAMRs compared to urban dwellers. Notably, rural dwellers had a period of stability between 2014 and 2019, while an increase in mortality was apparent among urban dwellers during this period. Lastly, states in the 90th percentile displayed approximately two fold higher AAMR compared to those in the bottom 10th percentile.

Conclusion:
Sick sinus syndrome-related mortality trends have shown a steady rise from 2014 to 2019. Moreover, NH White adults, rural dwellers, and individuals residing in the states among the 90th percentile demonstrated significantly higher AAMRs. Thus, further investigations and actions are required to reverse these rising trends.
Chiari malformation and its influence on trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review
Authors: Badary Amr , Almealawy Yasser F. , Florez-Perdomo William A. , Sanker Vivek , Andrew Awuah Wireko , Abdul-Rahman Toufik , Salam Alabide Arwa , Alrubaye Sura N. , Saleh Aalaa , Ergen Anil , Chaurasia Bipin , Azab Mohammed A. , Atallah Oday 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
In order to properly understand the correlation between TN and Chiari malformation type I (CMI), it is imperative to delve into the underlying processes and develop efficacious treatment strategies.

Methods:
A comprehensive search was performed regarding trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in individuals diagnosed with CMI. A total of 19 cases were identified in the existing literature.

Results:
The review of 19 studies showed that the most commonly affected division was V2 (31.6%), followed by V3 (10.5%) and V1 (5.3%). Radiological findings were variable. The medulla oblongata was compressed in 6 patients (31.6%), the cervical spinal cord showed abnormalities in 3 patients (15.8%) abnormalities; one cervical myelocele (5.26%), two cervical syringomyelia (10.53%) while 5 patients (26.3%) showed normal findings. The skull bones in 4 patients (21,1%) showed deformity in the form of small posterior fossa or platybasia. The surgical treatment was conducted in 14 patients (73.7%). The study suggested that posterior fossa decompression (PFD) plus microvascular decompression (MVD) dual surgical modality yielded the best results for V2 distribution (P=0.017).

Conclusion:
Chiari malformation type I can directly influence the occurrence and severity of trigeminal neuralgia. Therefore, an effective management of this malformation, like neurovascular decompression, PFD or ventriculoperitoneal shunt, can act as a potential treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. While the PFD alone was effective in the V3 and V1 distribution of trigeminal neuralgia, PFD plus microvascularplus plus microvascular decompression (MVD) as a dual surgical modality yielded the best results for V2 distribution.
Rare clinical presentation of a ruptured spinal bulbomedullary arteriovenous malformation: a case report
Authors: Vega-Moreno Daniel A. , Molina-Martínez Rodolfo P. , Aburto-Murrieta Yolanda , Méndez-González Beatriz , Reyes-Soto Gervith , Serrano-Murillo Mónica , García-González Ulises , Chaurasia Bipin 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and importance:
Spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a rare condition that has a high risk of bleeding and complications. The authors present the case of a spinal arteriovenous malformation in an unusual location and presentation.

Case presentation:
A 67-year-old man with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured spinal arteriovenous malformation type IVa, with associated bulbomedullary aneurysm, which was managed conservatively due to the high risk of complications and mortality.

Clinical discussion:
Spinal AVMs have had different management and treatments over the years, so conservative management remains an option when arterial cannulation is complex and surgery carries a high risk of complications.

Conclusion:
Due to the high risk of complications of surgery in this location, conservative treatment is an option for the management of such cases with good outcomes.