bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric upper airway dimensions using three‐dimensional computed tomography imaging
Authors: Wani Tariq M. , Rafiq Mahmood , Talpur Salman , Soualmi Lahbib , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIntroductionComputed tomography‐ (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based measurements have recently suggested that the narrowest dimension of the pediatric airway is the subglottic region. These data are contrary to the previously held tenets of a funnel‐ or conical‐shaped airway. The current study evaluates airway volumes and shapes using three‐dimensional CT images of the air way column in spontaneously breathing children.MethodsThe study included CT‐based radiological images of the neck in children who required imaging unrelated to airway symptomatology. The children were evaluated during spontaneous ventilation during natural sleep or with sedation without airway devices in place. The three‐dimensional images of the airway column were evaluated, volumes calculated, and comparisons made between the subglottic, cricoid, and tracheal volumes and shapes.ResultsThe study cohort included 54 children, ranging in age from 2 months to 8 years. An increase in the airway volumes was observed from the subglottic (0.17 ± 0.06 mm3) to the cricoid (0.19 ± 0.06 mm3) to the tracheal regions (0.22 ± 0.07 mm3). The volumes of the subglottic, cricoid, and tracheal regions demonstrated a linear relationship with age.ConclusionThis study confirms recent studies demonstrating that the subglottic region not the cricoid is the narrowest part of the airway.
A review of the methods for storing floral nectars in the field
Authors: Amato B. , Petit S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe knowledge of floral nectar sugar characteristics, such as concentration, ratio and mass, is essential to understand the complex nature of nectar production and pollination systems. Although nectar is commonly stored in ecology, storage reliability and effectiveness have rarely been quantified. Inappropriate nectar storage between sampling and analysis can alter nectar chemistry as a result of enzyme or microbial action. Our review of the literature indicates that measures to preserve nectar sugars before analysis include refrigeration, freezing, the addition of an antimicrobial agent, spotting and drying on filter paper, the addition of a desiccant or a combination of these storage treatments. Nectar stored on filter paper is removed by washing with a solvent before analysis. Elution methods are often complex, not standardised and poorly reported in published work. Existing storage methods have generally been used without an evaluation of their impact on results, but evidence suggests a potentially large impact on result accuracy. Future studies should report storage treatments and elution methods to legitimise comparison among independent studies and provide unbiased evaluation of the results. In view of the wide range of storage methods used and lack of verification of their appropriateness, is imperative that standardised and effective methods be developed to ensure that results are reliable. We recommend the prompt analysis of nectar, detailed description of methods, including size of filter paper and method of elution, and use of sterile techniques.
Variation in seed packaging of a fleshy‐fruited conifer provides insights into the ecology and evolution of multi‐seeded fruits
Authors: DeSoto L. , Torices R. , Rodríguez‐Echeverría S. , Nabais C. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

The study of intraspecific seed packaging (i.e. seed size/number strategy) variation across different populations may allow better understanding of the ecological forces that drive seed evolution in plants. Juniperus thurifera (Cupressaceae) provides a good model to study this due to the existence of two subspecies differentiated by phenotypic traits, such as seed size and cone seediness (number of seeds inside a cone), across its range.

The aim of this study was to analyse seed packaging (seed mass and cone seediness) variation at different scales (subspecies, populations and individuals) and the relationship between cone and seed traits in European and African J. thurifera populations.

After opening more than 5300 cones and measuring 3600 seeds, we found that seed packaging traits followed different patterns of variation. Large‐scale effects (region and population) significantly contributed to cone seediness variance, while most of the seed mass variance occurred within individuals. Seed packaging differed between the two sides of the Mediterranean Sea, with African cones bearing fewer but larger seeds than the European ones. However, no differences in seed mass were found between populations when taking into account cone seediness. Larger cones contained more pulp and seeds and displayed a larger variation in individual seed mass.

We validated previous reports on the intraspecific differences in J. thurifera seed packaging, although both subspecies followed the same seed size/number trade‐off. The higher seediness and variation in seed mass found in larger cones reveals that the positive relationship between seed and cone sizes may not be straightforward.We hypothesise that the large variation of seed size found within cones and individuals in J. thurifera, but also in other fleshy‐fruited species, could represent a bet‐hedging strategy for dispersal.
Differences in respiratory arousal threshold in Caucasian and Chinese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Lee Richard W.W. , Sutherland Kate , Sands Scott A. , Edwards Bradley A. , Chan Tat on , S.S. NG Susanna , Hui David S. , Cistulli Peter A. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveEthnic differences in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) phenotype may not be limited to obesity and craniofacial factors. The aims of the study were to (i) compare the proportion of Caucasians and Chinese patients with a low respiratory arousal threshold (ArTH) and (ii) explore the influence of anatomical compromise on ArTH.MethodsInterethnic comparison was conducted between cohorts of Caucasian and Chinese patients from specialist sleep disorder clinics. Polysomnography and craniofacial photography were performed. A low respiratory ArTH was determined by an ArTH score of 2 or above (one point for each: apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) < 30/h, nadir oxygen saturation (SaO2
) > 82.5%, fractions of hypopnoeas > 58.3%). Anatomical compromise was stratified according to the photographic face width measurement.ResultsA total of 348 subjects (163 Caucasians and 185 Chinese) were analysed. There was a significantly lower proportion of Chinese patients with moderate‐severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15) who had a low ArTH (28.4% vs 48.8%, P = 0.004). This difference remained significant among those with severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30) (2.6% vs 17.1%, P = 0.02). The proportion of moderate‐severe OSA Caucasians with a low ArTH was significantly less in those with severe anatomical compromise (36.6% vs 61.0%, P = 0.03), whereas there was no difference in Chinese patients (25.5% vs 31.5%, P = 0.49).ConclusionCompared to Caucasians with severe OSA, a low respiratory ArTh appears to be a less common pathophysiological mechanism in Chinese patients. Caucasians with less severe anatomical compromise exhibit evidence of a lower ArTh, an association which is absent in Chinese patients. Our data suggest that OSA mechanisms may vary across racial groups.
Flavivirus cross‐reactivity in serological tests and Guillain‐Barré syndrome in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant patient: A case report
Authors: Raboni Sonia M. , Bonfim Carmem , Almeida Bernardo M. , Zanluca Camila , Koishi Andrea C. , Rodrigues Paula R.V.P. , Kay Claudia K. , Ribeiro Lisandro L. , Scola Rosana H. , Duarte dos Santos Claudia N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSerological diagnosis of flavivirus infection is a challenge, particularly in the context of a disease associated with immune response enhancement in a transplant patient, where aspects such as previous flavivirus infections may be involved with the outcome. We report a case of a pediatric patient who developed Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) after matched‐unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The patient lives in a Brazilian region that is experiencing an epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV). Because an increasing number of cases of GBS, likely triggered by ZIKV infection, are being reported in Brazil, samples from the patient were tested for both ZIKV and DENV infection. Serological assays strongly suggested a recent ZIKV infection, although infection by DENV or co‐infection with both viruses cannot be ruled out. The presence of anti‐DENV immunoglobulin‐G in donor serum led to the hypothesis that antibodies from the donor could have enhanced the severity of the ZIKV infection. This hypothesis is in agreement with the recent findings that DENV sero‐cross‐reactivity drives antibody‐dependent enhancement of ZIKV infection. These findings highlight the need for discussion of the indication to perform previous flavivirus tests in HSCT donors, especially in areas where ZIKV and other flaviviruses co‐circulate.
Lentinula edodes Genome Survey and Postharvest Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Sakamoto Yuichi , Nakade Keiko , Sato Shiho , Yoshida Kentaro , Miyazaki Kazuhiro , Natsume Satoshi , Konno Naotake 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Lentinula edodes
is a popular, cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom.
Lentinula edodes
is susceptible to postharvest problems, such as gill browning, fruiting body softening, and lentinan degradation. We constructed a
de novo
assembly draft genome sequence and performed gene prediction for
Lentinula edodes
.
De novo
assembly was carried out using short reads from paired-end and mate-paired libraries and by using long reads by PacBio, resulting in a contig number of 1,951 and an

N
50

of 1 Mb. Furthermore, we predicted genes by Augustus using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data from the whole life cycle of
Lentinula edodes
, resulting in 12,959 predicted genes. This analysis revealed that
Lentinula edodes
lacks lignin peroxidase. To reveal genes involved in the loss of quality of
Lentinula edodes
postharvest fruiting bodies, transcriptome analysis was carried out using serial analysis of gene expression (SuperSAGE). This analysis revealed that many cell wall-related enzymes are upregulated after harvest, such as β-1,3-1,6-glucan-degrading enzymes in glycoside hydrolase (GH) families GH5, GH16, GH30, GH55, and GH128, and thaumatin-like proteins. In addition, we found that several chitin-related genes are upregulated, such as putative chitinases in GH family 18, exochitinases in GH20, and a putative chitosanase in GH family 75. The results suggest that cell wall-degrading enzymes synergistically cooperate for rapid fruiting body autolysis. Many putative transcription factor genes were upregulated postharvest, such as genes containing high-mobility-group (HMG) domains and zinc finger domains. Several cell death-related proteins were also upregulated postharvest.

IMPORTANCE
Our data collectively suggest that there is a rapid fruiting body autolysis system in
Lentinula edodes
. The genes for the loss of postharvest quality newly found in this research will be targets for the future breeding of strains that keep fresh longer than present strains.
De novo
Lentinula edodes
genome assembly data will be used for the construction of a complete
Lentinula edodes
chromosome map for future breeding.
Transcriptomic Analyses Elucidate Adaptive Differences of Closely Related Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Fuel
Authors: Gunasekera Thusitha S. , Bowen Loryn L. , Zhou Carol E. , Howard-Byerly Susan C. , Foley William S. , Striebich Richard C. , Dugan Larry C. , Ruiz Oscar N. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
can utilize hydrocarbons, but different strains have various degrees of adaptation despite their highly conserved genome.
P. aeruginosa
ATCC 33988 is highly adapted to hydrocarbons, while
P. aeruginosa
strain PAO1, a human pathogen, is less adapted and degrades jet fuel at a lower rate than does ATCC 33988. We investigated fuel-specific transcriptomic differences between these strains in order to ascertain the underlying mechanisms utilized by the adapted strain to proliferate in fuel. During growth in fuel, the genes related to alkane degradation, heat shock response, membrane proteins, efflux pumps, and several novel genes were upregulated in ATCC 33988. Overexpression of
alk
genes in PAO1 provided some improvement in growth, but it was not as robust as that of ATCC 33988, suggesting the role of other genes in adaptation. Expression of the function unknown gene PA5359 from ATCC 33988 in PAO1 increased the growth in fuel. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that PA5359 is a predicted lipoprotein with a conserved Yx(FWY)xxD motif, which is shared among bacterial adhesins. Overexpression of the putative resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pump PA3521 to PA3523 increased the growth of the ATCC 33988 strain, suggesting a possible role in fuel tolerance. Interestingly, the PAO1 strain cannot utilize
n
-C
8
and
n
-C
10
. The expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of
alkB
promoters confirmed that
alk
gene promoter polymorphism affects the expression of
alk
genes. Promoter fusion assays further confirmed that the regulation of
alk
genes was different in the two strains. Protein sequence analysis showed low amino acid differences for many of the upregulated genes, further supporting transcriptional control as the main mechanism for enhanced adaptation.

IMPORTANCE
These results support that specific signal transduction, gene regulation, and coordination of multiple biological responses are required to improve the survival, growth, and metabolism of fuel in adapted strains. This study provides new insight into the mechanistic differences between strains and helpful information that may be applied in the improvement of bacterial strains for resistance to biotic and abiotic factors encountered during bioremediation and industrial biotechnological processes.
Genome Sequence of Hypervirulent Aeromonas hydrophila Strain HZAUAH
Authors: Teng Lin , Deng Limei , Dong Xingxing , Wei Shun , Li Jinquan , Li Ningqiu , Zhou Yang 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Aeromonas hydrophila
, a zoonotic bacterium found in an expansive range of aquatic ecosystems, has been reported to cause severe diseases in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, including humans. Herein, we report the draft genome of the hypervirulent
A. hydrophila
strain HZAUAH isolated from a crucian in China.
Chromosome and Megaplasmid Sequences of Borrelia anserina (Sakharoff 1891), the Agent of Avian Spirochetosis and Type Species of the Genus
Authors: Elbir Haitham , Sitlani Parth , Bergström Sven , Barbour Alan G. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Sequences of the linear chromosome and plasmids of
Borrelia anserina
, the cause of avian spirochetosis of poultry, revealed a smaller genome than those of other
Borrelia
spp. transmitted by argasid ticks. Missing or disrupted genes included a
dam
methylase and those in the pathway for synthesis of phospholipids from glycerol.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus licheniformis VSD4, a Diesel Fuel–Degrading and Plant Growth–Promoting Phyllospheric Bacterium
Authors: Stevens Vincent , Thijs Sofie , McAmmond Breanne , Langill Tori , Van Hamme Jonathan , Weyens Nele , Vangronsveld Jaco 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the 4.19-Mb draft genome sequence of
Bacillus licheniformis
VSD4, a Gram-positive bacterium of the
Bacillaceae
family, isolated from leaves of
Hedera helix
growing at a high-traffic city center in Belgium. Knowledge about its genome will help to evaluate its potential as an inoculant in phylloremediation applications.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Closely Related Isolates of the Purple Nonsulfur Bacterium Rhodovulum sulfidophilum
Authors: Guzman Michael S. , McGinley Beau , Santiago-Merced Natalia , Gupta Dinesh , Bose Arpita 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequences of three isolates of
Rhodovulum sulfidophilum
from a single population that will serve as a model system for understanding genomic traits that underlie metabolic variation within closely related marine purple nonsulfur bacteria in natural microbial communities.
Differences in predictors of permanent work disability between immigrants and natives: a cohort study of adults with sick leave due to common mental disorders
Authors: Werlen Laura , Helgesson Magnus , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesImmigrants with common mental disorders (CMDs) are reported to have a higher risk of disability pension (DP) compared with native residents; however, the reasons for this are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate (1) differences in morbidity (3 measures) and socioeconomic status in native Swedes, ‘Western’ and ‘non-Western’ immigrants with CMDs and (2) interactions between morbidity and socioeconomic status and immigrant status regarding subsequent DP.DesignThe study was a prospective population-based cohort study using national register data. Crude and multivariate HRs with 95% CIs were calculated using the Cox regression (2007–2010).ParticipantsAll individuals aged 18–59 with an incident sick-leave spell due to CMDs during 2006 were included in the study (N=66 097). The study population was divided into 3 groups based on country of birth: (1) Sweden, (2) immigrants from ‘Western’ countries (EU25, Norway, Iceland, North America and Oceania) and (3) immigrants from ‘non-Western’ countries (east Europe, Africa, Asia and South America).ResultsParticularly, immigrants born in non-Western countries had higher levels of morbidity and lower socioeconomic status than natives (p>0.001). No significant differences in the associations between specialised psychiatric and somatic care with regard to subsequent DP were found between immigrants and native Swedes. Being prescribed more than 1 type of psychiatric medication was associated with higher HRs for DP in immigrants from Western (HR 3.34; CI 2.3 to 4.9) and non-Western countries (3.6; 1.9 to 6.4) than in native Swedes (2.55; 2.3 to 2.8) (pinteraction=0.003). Low education was a marginally stronger predictor for DP in non-Western immigrants than in native Swedes and Western immigrants (pinteraction=0.03).ConclusionsMorbidity measured by medication, but not by specialised healthcare, was a stronger predictor for DP in immigrants than in native Swedes, warranting scrutiny of differences in care and treatment in immigrants and native Swedes with CMDs.
Risk factors for early psychosis in PD: insights from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative
Authors: ffytche Dominic H , Pereira Joana B , Ballard Clive , Chaudhuri K Ray , Weintraub Daniel , Aarsland Dag 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundParkinson’s Disease (PD) psychosis refers to the spectrum of illusions, formed hallucinations and delusions that occur in PD. Visual hallucinations and illusions are thought to be caused by specific cognitive and higher visual function deficits and patients who develop such symptoms early in the disease course have greater rates of cognitive decline and progression to dementia. To date, no studies have investigated whether such deficits are found prior to the onset of PD psychosis.MethodHere we compare baseline cognitive, biomarker (structural imaging and cerebrospinal fluid) and other PD psychosis risk factor data in patients who go on to develop illusions or hallucinations within 3–4 years of follow-up in the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort of newly diagnosed PD.ResultsOf n=423 patients with PD, n=115 (27%) reported predominantly illusions with the median time of onset at 19.5 months follow-up. At study entry these patients had reduced CSF amyloid Aß1-42, lower olfaction scores, higher depression scores and increased REM sleep behaviour disorder symptoms compared to patients without early onset PD psychosis but no differences in cognitive, higher visual or structural imaging measures. A subset of patients with early onset formed hallucinations (n=21) had reduced higher visual function at baseline, cortical thinning in parietal, occipital and frontal cortex and reduced hippocampal volume.ConclusionsThe findings suggest early onset illusions and formed hallucinations are linked to amyloid pathology in PD and point to a difference in the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of illusions and formed hallucinations, with implications for their respective links to future cognitive decline.
Design of temperature-immunization system packaging for the resonant pressure sensor
Authors: Li Anlin , Zhang Chenying , Wang Huan , He Yong , Sun Daoheng , Wang Lingyun , Du Xiaohui , Gu Dandan 
Published: March 2017

Based on the study of the material matching and structure cooperating, this paper mainly explores a new packaging structure with low thermal mismatches which can enhance the accuracy and stability of the resonant pressure sensor. According to the finite element simulation, the rule of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the depth of the groove on the substrate, which has an influence on the temperature sensitivity, could be obtained. By analyzing the effect of temperature on the resonant frequency, it shows the temperature sensitivity of the new packaging structure is −0.97 Hz/[Formula: see text]C in 20 kPa, under the temperature range of 30[Formula: see text]C to 80[Formula: see text]C. After analyzing resonant frequency stability at different temperatures, it is found that the time for achieving stability at different temperatures of the new packaging structure is at least 10 min less than that of TO packaging structure. The average frequency’s relative variation ratio of the new packaging structure at different temperatures remains roughly the same, and the variation range is within ±[Formula: see text]0.005% as time changes. These results indicate that the new packaging structure has the characteristic of great temperature-immunization.
Affine varieties, singularities and the growth rate of wrapped Floer cohomology
Authors: McLean Mark 
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we give partial answers to the following questions: Which contact manifolds are contactomorphic to links of isolated complex singularities? Which symplectic manifolds are symplectomorphic to smooth affine varieties? The invariant that we will use to distinguish such manifolds is called the growth rate of wrapped Floer cohomology. Using this invariant we show that if [Formula: see text] is a simply connected manifold whose unit cotangent bundle is contactomorphic to the link of an isolated singularity or whose cotangent bundle is symplectomorphic to a smooth affine variety then M must be rationally elliptic and so it must have certain bounds on its Betti numbers.