bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A trifecta of modelling tools: a Bayesian binary black hole model selection combining population synthesis and galaxy formation models
Authors: Rauf Liana , Howlett Cullan , Stevenson Simon , Riley Jeff , Willcox Reinhold 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Gravitational waves (GWs) have revealed surprising properties of binary black hole (BBH) populations, but there is still mystery surrounding how these compact objects evolve. We apply Bayesian inference and an efficient method to calculate the BBH merger rates in the Shark host galaxies, to determine the combination of COMPAS parameters that outputs a population most like the GW sources from the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (LVK) transient catalogue. For our COMPAS models, we calculate the likelihood with and without the dependence on the predicted number of BBH merger events. We find strong correlations between hyper-parameters governing the specific angular momentum (AM) of mass lost during mass transfer, the mass-loss rates of Wolf–Rayet stars via winds and the chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE) formation channel. We conclude that analysing the marginalized and unmarginalized likelihood is a good indicator of whether the population parameters distribution and number of observed events reflect the LVK data. In doing so, we see that the majority of the models preferred in terms of the population-level parameters of the BBHs greatly overpredict the number of events we should have observed to date. Looking at the smaller number of models that perform well with both likelihoods, we find that those with no CHE, AM loss occurring closer to the donor during the first mass-transfer event, and/or higher rates of mass-loss from Wolf–Rayet winds are generally preferred by current data. We find these conclusions to be robust to our choice of selection criteria.
Late-time supernovae radio re-brightening in the VAST pilot survey
Authors: Rose Kovi , Horesh Assaf , Murphy Tara , Kaplan David L , Sfaradi Itai , Ryder Stuart D , Aloisi Robert J , Dobie Dougal , Driessen Laura , Fender Rob , Green David A , Leung James K , Lenc Emil , Qiu Hao , Williams-Baldwin David 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We present our analysis of supernovae serendipitously found to be radio-bright several years after their optical discovery. We used recent observations from the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) taken as part of the pilot Variables and Slow Transients and Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey programmes. We identified 29 objects by cross-matching sources from these ASKAP observations with known core-collapse supernovae below a declination of $+40^{\circ }$ and with a redshift of $z\le 0.15$. Our results focus on eight cases that show potential late-time radio emission. These supernovae exhibit significantly greater amounts of radio emission than expected from the standard model of a single shockwave propagating through a spherical circumstellar medium, with a constant density structure produced by regular stellar mass-loss. We also discuss how we can learn from future ASKAP surveys about the circumstellar environments and emission mechanisms of supernovae that undergo late-time radio re-brightening. This pilot work tested and confirmed the potential of the Variables and Slow Transients survey to discover and study late-time supernova emission.
Detection of the large-scale tidal field with galaxy multiplet alignment in the DESI Y1 spectroscopic survey
Authors: Lamman Claire , Eisenstein Daniel , Forero-Romero Jaime E , Aguilar Jessica Nicole , Ahlen Steven , Bailey Stephen , Bianchi Davide , Brooks David , Claybaugh Todd , de la Macorra Axel , Doel Peter , Ferraro Simone , Font-Ribera Andreu , Gaztañaga Enrique , Gontcho A Gontcho Satya , Gutierrez Gaston , Honscheid Klaus , Howlett Cullan , Kremin Anthony , Lambert Andrew , Landriau Martin , Le Guillou Laurent , Levi Michael E , Meisner Aaron , Miquel Ramon , Moustakas John , Newman Jeffrey A , Niz Gustavo , Prada Francisco , Pérez-Ràfols Ignasi , Ross Ashley J , Rossi Graziano , Sanchez Eusebio , Schubnell Michael , Sprayberry David , Tarlé Gregory , Vargas-Magaña Mariana , Weaver Benjamin Alan , Zou Hu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We explore correlations between the orientations of small galaxy groups, or ‘multiplets’, and the large-scale gravitational tidal field. Using data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Y1 survey, we detect the intrinsic alignment (IA) of multiplets to the galaxy-traced matter field out to separations of $100\,h^{-1}$ Mpc. Unlike traditional IA measurements of individual galaxies, this estimator is not limited by imaging of galaxy shapes and allows for direct IA detection beyond redshift $z=1$. Multiplet alignment is a form of higher order clustering, for which the scale-dependence traces the underlying tidal field and amplitude is a result of small-scale ($\lt 1h^{-1}$ Mpc) dynamics. Within samples of bright galaxies, luminous red galaxies (LRG) and emission-line galaxies, we find similar scale-dependence regardless of intrinsic luminosity or colour. This is promising for measuring tidal alignment in galaxy samples that typically display no IA. DESI’s LRG mock galaxy catalogues created from the A bacusS ummitN-body simulations produce a similar alignment signal, though with a 33 per cent lower amplitude at all scales. An analytic model using a non-linear power spectrum (NLA) only matches the signal down to 20 $h^{-1}$ Mpc. Our detection demonstrates that galaxy clustering in the non-linear regime of structure formation preserves an interpretable memory of the large-scale tidal field. Multiplet alignment complements traditional two-point measurements by retaining directional information imprinted by tidal forces, and contains additional line-of-sight information compared to weak lensing. This is a more effective estimator than the alignment of individual galaxies in dense, blue, or faint galaxy samples.
REXPACO ASDI: joint unmixing and deconvolution of the circumstellar environment by angular and spectral differential imaging
Authors: Flasseur Olivier , Denis Loïc , Thiébaut Éric , Langlois Maud 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Angular and spectral differential imaging is an observational technique of choice to investigate the immediate vicinity of stars. By leveraging the relative angular motion and spectral scaling between on-axis and off-axis sources, post-processing techniques can separate residual star light from light emitted by surrounding objects such as circumstellar discs or point-like objects. This paper introduces a new algorithm that jointly unmixes these components and deconvolves disc images. The proposed algorithm is based on a statistical model of the residual star light, accounting for its spatial and spectral correlations. These correlations are crucial yet remain inadequately modelled by existing reconstruction algorithms. We employ dedicated shrinkage techniques to estimate the large number of parameters of our correlation model in a data-driven fashion. We show that the resulting separable model of the spatial and spectral covariances captures very accurately the star light, enabling its efficient suppression. We apply our method to data sets from the Very Large Telescope/Spectro-Polarimetry High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch instrument and compare its performance with standard algorithms (median subtraction, PCA, PACO). We demonstrate that considering the multiple correlations within the data significantly improves reconstruction quality, resulting in better preservation of both disc morphology and photometry. With its unique joint spectral modelling, the proposed algorithm can reconstruct discs with circular symmetry (e.g. rings, spirals) at intensities one million times fainter than the star, without needing additional reference data sets free from off-axis objects.
Cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of cardiac function across chronic kidney disease stages
Authors: An Shutian , Qian Hao , Yang Jinxiu , Han Caiyun , Ye Yanzimeng , Liu Yan , Deng Wei , Yue Xiuzheng , Yu Yongqiang , Zhao Ren , Li Xiaohu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Cardiovascular disease prevalence remains high among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Mechanisms and treatments to improve prognosis remain of paramount importance, and imaging biomarkers of left ventricular myocardial structure and function have better defined the phenotype of renal cardiomyopathy. The left atrial function and right heart remain are less well reported in CKD. This study used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) to assess the interplay of left atrial and right ventricular function.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study, we examined 58 CKD patients (Group I: stages 2–3, n = 25; Group II: stages 4–5, n = 33). Additionally, 26 age-matched healthy controls were included. Comprehensive CMR protocols (1.5T) were employed, encompassing cine imaging, native T1 and T2 mapping, and tissue tracking strain analysis. Left ventricular (LV), right ventricular (RV) and left atrial (LA) structure, function and strain parameters were assessed.

Results
Compared with healthy controls, both Groups I and II exhibited impaired RV and LA function. right ventricular end-diastolic volume index and right ventricular end-systolic volume index showed significant increases in both Groups I and II (P &lt; .001). All LV, RV and LA strain parameters were reduced in the patient groups (all P &lt; .001). In the univariate binary logistic regression, several parameters, including age, blood pressure, RV volumes and LV/RV strain, were found to have a statistically significant association with CKD. In a multivariable model adjusted for other confounders, RV GLS and left atrial strain remained as independent significant predictors.

Conclusions
RV size, LA strain and volume assessed by CMR serve as markers of RV and LA cardiac dysfunction in CKD patients with preserved LVEF. Greater attention should be given to RV and LA dysfunction for early identification of cardiac dysfunction in CKD patients.
Sex differences in the molecular profile of adult diffuse glioma are shaped by IDH status and tumor microenvironment
Authors: Huang Yingbo , Shan Yuting , Zhang Weijie , Printzis Christina , Pesce Lorenzo , Stover Danielle , Stanhope Catherine , Stranger Barbara E , Huang Rong Stephanie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Sex differences in adult diffuse glioma (ADG) are well established clinically, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Here, we aim to reveal molecular features and cellular compositions unique to each sex in ADG to comprehend the role of sex in disease etiology.

Methods
We quantified sex differences in the transcriptome of ADG using multiple independent glioma patient datasets. Next, we delved into the single-cell landscape to examine sex differences in gene expression and cellular composition. To explore how sex influences disease progression, we analyzed paired samples from primary and recurrent ADG cases, aiming to identify sex-specific differences in molecular and cellular features.

Results
Our analysis revealed that mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes and the tumor microenvironment emerged as primary influencers of sex-differential molecular enrichments. In IDHwt tumors, genes in the neuronal signaling pathway are found to be enriched in male tumors, while genes in hypoxia and inflammatory response pathways are enriched in female tumors. This pattern was reversed in IDHmut gliomas. We hypothesized that these distinctions could be attributed to heterogeneous cellular composition between sexes. Using single-cell data, we observed distinctive patterns of sex differences in cell states, cell composition, and cell–cell interaction in IDHwt and IDHmut tumors separately. Further, by comparing molecular changes in paired primary and recurrent ADG samples, we identified sex-specific differences in molecular characteristics and cellular compositions of recurrent tumors.

Conclusions
Our results provide a comprehensive multilevel characterization of sex differences in ADG; such findings provide novel insights into glioma disease progression in each sex.
Non-small cell lung cancer with synchronous brain metastases: Identification of prognostic factors in a retrospective multicenter study (HOT 1701)
Authors: Ohhara Yoshihito , Kojima Tetsuya , Honjo Osamu , Yamada Noriyuki , Sato Toshitaka , Takahashi Hirofumi , Takamura Kei , Takashina Taichi , Sukoh Noriaki , Tanaka Hisashi , Kawai Yasutaka , Fujita Yuka , Yokoo Keiki , Hommura Fumihiro , Harada Toshiyuki , Honda Ryoichi , Amano Toraji , Dosaka-Akita Hirotoshi , Oizumi Satoshi , Kinoshita Ichiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with a high incidence of brain metastasis (BM), and the prognosis of patients with NSCLC and BM is poor. This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors and elucidate the survival rates of Japanese patients with NSCLC and BM at initial diagnosis.

Methods
HOT 1701 is a retrospective multicenter study of patients with NSCLC and BM at initial diagnosis. The medical records of all consecutive patients diagnosed with advanced or recurrent NSCLC and BM at 14 institutions of the Hokkaido Lung Cancer Clinical Study Group Trial (HOT) in Japan were reviewed. The participants were categorized based on the presence or absence of driver mutations. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate median overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors in these patients.

Results
Among 566 patients with NSCLC and BM, the median OS was 11.8 months. Patients with driver mutations survived longer than those without driver mutations. The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed 6 independent prognostic factors: age ≥65 years, poor performance status, T factor, absence of driver gene mutations, presence of extracranial metastases, and number of BM. According to the prognostic score based on these 6 factors, the patients were stratified into 3 risk groups: low-, intermediate-, and high-risk, with median OS of 27.8, 12.2, and 2.8 months, respectively.

Conclusions
We developed a new prognostic model for patients with NSCLC and BM, which may help determine prognosis at diagnosis.
Genomic tumor evolution dictates human medulloblastoma progression
Authors: Ruchiy Yana , Tsea Ioanna , Preka Efthalia , Verhoeven Bronte Manouk , Olsen Thale Kristin , Mei Shenglin , Sinha Indranil , Blomgren Klas , Carlson Lena-Maria , Dyberg Cecilia , Johnsen John Inge , Baryawno Ninib 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common high-grade pediatric brain tumor, comprised of 4 main molecular subgroups—sonic-hedgehog (SHH), Wnt, Group 3, and Group 4. Group 3 and Group 4 tumors are the least characterized MB subgroups, despite Group 3 having the worst prognosis (~50% survival rate), and Group 4 being the most prevalent. Such poor characterization can be attributed to high levels of inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, making it difficult to identify common therapeutic targets.

Methods
In this study, we generated single-cell sequencing data from 14 MB patients spanning all subgroups that we complemented with publicly available single-cell data from Group 3 patients. We used a ligand–receptor analysis tool (CellChat), expression- and allele-based copy-number variation (CNV) detection methods, and RNA velocity analysis to characterize tumor cell–cell interactions, established a connection between CNVs and temporal tumor progression, and unraveled tumor evolution.

Results
We show that MB tumor cells follow a temporal trajectory from those with low CNV levels to those with high CNV levels, allowing us to identify early and late markers for SHH, Group 3, and Group 4 MBs. Our study also identifies SOX4 upregulation as a major event in later tumor clones for Group 3 and Group 4 MBs, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for both subgroups.

Conclusion
Taken together, our findings highlight MB’s inherent tumor heterogeneity and offer promising insights into potential drivers of MB tumor evolution particularly in Group 3 and Group 4 MBs.
“Like and Subscribe”: A Compendium of Infectious Diseases Audio Podcasts
Authors: Oehler Richard L , Katzman Ju Hee , Sunny Arun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In little more than 15 years, the podcast has gone from being virtually unknown to becoming a multibillion-dollar industry. There are an estimated half-billion podcast listeners worldwide. Podcasts are available for various interests, from entertainment to news, politics, sports, hobbies, and education. Podcasting in medicine has similar origins, beginning with journals and academic/educational institutions wishing to share information on new clinical trials or publications, as well as by those who wanted to promote the free and open access model of online education. The COVID-19 outbreak led to a renaissance in the availability of infectious diseases–oriented audio podcasts, due to the need for regular information about SARS-CoV-2 and the pandemic-related preference for virtual learning. However, many in the infectious diseases community have not yet been introduced to available infectious diseases podcast resources. In this article, we highlight 38 of the most popular infectious diseases–oriented audio podcasts.
Survey of Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage and Surface Antibody–Positive Rates in People Aged 1–59 Years in 2006 and 2024
Authors: Gong Xiaoying , Zheng Canjie , Fang Quanjun , Xu Wenjie , Yin Zhiying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Implementing hepatitis B vaccination is an important strategy to reduce hepatitis B virus infection and disease burden. Suboptimal adult hepatitis B vaccination coverage limits the further reduction of hepatitis B virus infection.

Methods
A multistage stratified random sampling method was adopted to survey the permanent population aged 1–59 in 2006 and 2024. We calculated the vaccination coverage rate, hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb)–positive rate, rate difference, and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the 2 survey populations, and used the 95% CI and χ2 test to determine whether the difference in rate was statistically significant.

Results
Six hundred twenty-three people were surveyed in 2006 and 606 people were surveyed in 2024. From 2006 to 2024, the hepatitis B vaccination coverage among people aged 1–59 years increased from 54.1% to 78.9%, and the HBsAb-positive rate increased from 46.2% to 57.6%. There was no significant difference in vaccination coverage in the population &lt;15 years of age, but the antibody-positive rate increased significantly. The vaccination coverage rate of the 15–59 age group increased significantly, but there was no statistical difference in the antibody positivity rate of the 15–49 age group, and the antibody positivity rate of the 50–59 age group increased significantly.

Conclusions
Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among adults was still insufficient. Hepatitis B vaccine-mediated immunity was low in adults aged 30–49 years. It is recommended to update the guidelines for hepatitis B vaccination of adults in China, cancel the assessment of risk factors and prevaccination serological screening, and emphasize universal vaccination of all unvaccinated adults to increase coverage.
A Single-center Experience of Coccidioides Meningitis in Immunocompetent Patients: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Rajmohan Ravi , Deyell Jacob , Harris Mark , Gramajo-Aponte Kevin , Fote Gianna , Davies Jordan , Chen Nita , Diamond Catherine , Lu Xiaoying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recently, the California Department of Public Health issued an advisory related to the substantial rise in Coccidioidomycosis in California, which has been attributed in part to climate change and rapid housing development. Most cases are self-limiting, but some may spread to the meninges, resulting in coccidioidal meningitis (CM). Many providers mistakenly presume that CM is limited to patients who are immunocompromised. In this case series and literature review, we present 12 cases of CM in immunocompetent individuals seen at a single tertiary academic center between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2023. All 12 cases developed complications, with 10 requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunting, 6 having spinal cord involvement (5 with cervical spine involvement), 4 having strokes, and 3 dying from complications related to CM. It is important to recognize CM as it may be life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed.
Microbiologic and Histopathologic Features of Pedal Osteomyelitis
Authors: Madrid-Morales Julieta , Maier Marissa M , Boda Amy , Bosch Robert , Bajema Kristina L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The value of microbiology and histopathology in the diagnosis of neuropathic foot osteomyelitis remains poorly understood. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the concordance of microbiology and histopathology results from bone resections and found similar proportions of bacterial growth in samples with and without histopathologic evidence of osteomyelitis.
Relapse Following Electroconvulsive Therapy for Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Aoki Nobuatsu , Tajika Aran , Suwa Taro , Kawashima Hirotsugu , Yasuda Kazuyuki , Shimizu Toshiyuki , Uchinuma Niina , Tominaga Hirotaka , Tan Xiao Wei , Koh Azriel H K , Tor Phern Chern , Nikolin Stevan , Martin Donel , Kato Masaki , Loo Colleen , Kinoshita Toshihiko , Furukawa Toshi A , Takekita Yoshiteru 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Evidence regarding schizophrenia relapse following acute electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is sparse compared with that for depression, and we have no clear consensus on relapse proportions. We aimed to provide longitudinal information on schizophrenia relapse following acute ECT.

Study Design
This systematic review and meta-analysis included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies on post-acute ECT relapse and rehospitalization for schizophrenia and related disorders. For the primary outcome, we calculated the post-acute ECT pooled relapse estimates at each timepoint (3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-acute ECT) using a random effects model. For subgroup analyses, we investigated post-acute ECT relapse proportions by the type of maintenance therapy.

Study Results
Among a total of 6413 records, 29 studies (3876 patients) met our inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was consistently low for all included RCTs (4 studies), although it ranged from low to high for observational studies (25 studies). Pooled estimates of relapse proportions among patients with schizophrenia responding to acute ECT were 24% (95% CI: 15-35), 37% (27-47), 41% (34-49), and 55% (40-69) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. When continuation/maintenance ECT was added to antipsychotics post-acute ECT, the 6-month relapse proportion was 20% (11-32).

Conclusion
Relapse occurred mostly within 6 months post-acute ECT for schizophrenia, particularly within the first 3 months. Relapse proportions plateaued after 6 months, although more than half of all patients could be expected to relapse within 2 years. Further high-quality research is needed to optimise post-acute ECT treatment strategies in patients with schizophrenia.