bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interannual variability in phytoplankton biomass and species composition in northern Marguerite Bay (West Antarctic Peninsula) is governed by both winter sea ice cover and summer stratification
Authors: Rozema P. D. , Venables H. J. , van de Poll W. H. , Clarke A. , Meredith M. P. , Buma A. G. J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe rapid warming of the West Antarctic Peninsula region has led to reduced sea ice cover and enhanced glacial melt water input. This has potential implications for marine ecosystems, notably phytoplankton growth, biomass, and composition. Fifteen years (1997–2012) of year‐round size fractionated chlorophyll a (Chl a), phytoplankton pigment fingerprinting and environmental data were analyzed to identify the relationship between sea ice cover, water column stability and phytoplankton dynamics in northern Marguerite Bay, Antarctica. Over the investigated period, both summer (December–February) and winter biomass declined significantly, 38.5% and 33.3% respectively. Winter phytoplankton biomass was low (< 0.25 μg Chl a L−1) and consisted on average of 69% diatoms, 5% cryptophytes, and 20% haptophytes. Summers following winters with low (< 65 days) sea ice cover were characterized by decreased stratification strength and relatively low (median < 4.4 μg Chl a L−1) phytoplankton biomass, as compared to summers preceded by high winter sea ice cover. In addition, the summertime microphytoplankton (> 20 μm) fraction was strongly decreased in the low biomass years, from 92% to 39%, coinciding with a smaller diatom fraction in favor of nanophytoplankton (< 20 μm), represented by cryptophytes and haptophytes. In contrast, diatoms dominated (> 95%) during summers with average‐to‐high biomass. We advance a conceptual model whereby low winter sea ice cover leads to low phytoplankton biomass and enhanced proportions of nanophytoplankton, when this coincides with reduced stratification during summer. These changes are likely to have a strong effect on the entire Antarctic marine food web, including krill biomass, and distribution.
Realizing the potential of trait‐based aquatic ecology: New tools and collaborative approaches
Authors: Kremer Colin T. , Williams Alicia K. , Finiguerra Michael , Fong Allison A. , Kellerman Anne , Paver Sara F. , Tolar Bradley B. , Toscano Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTrait‐based ecology, which focuses on using the traits of species and individuals to understand ecology (from populations to ecosystems), is becoming an increasingly productive and widely employed paradigm. To date, trait‐based approaches have been used to study taxa from microbes to megafauna in every major area of aquatic ecology yielding exciting results. However, this promising field faces a number of significant obstacles, including: (1) identifying and measuring ecologically relevant traits, (2) integrating inter‐ and intra‐specific trait variation, (3) detecting and quantifying trait correlations and trade‐offs, and (4) accounting for the context dependency of traits. These issues are often particularly acute for specific taxa or systems. This paper highlights these looming challenges, as well as ways to address them. Proposed solutions center around using new technologies to collect trait data, coordinating research efforts, and curating and sharing data. Throughout, we take an interdisciplinary approach, sharing examples spanning a wide range of aquatic taxa and systems. It is our hope that this paper will stimulate frank discussions and help the growing field of trait‐based aquatic ecology maximize its potential.
Ontogenetic body‐mass scaling of nitrogen excretion relates to body surface area in diverse pelagic invertebrates
Authors: Hirst A. G. , Lilley M. K. S. , Glazier D. S. , Atkinson D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMany physiological and ecological processes depend on body size and the supply of limiting nutrients. Hence, it is important to derive quantitative predictions based on a mechanistic understanding of the influence of body size on metabolic rate and on the ratios of consumed to excreted elements. Among diverse pelagic invertebrates that change shape during ontogeny, recent analysis has demonstrated a significant positive correlation between the body‐mass allometry of respiration rates (measured as the ontogenetic body mass‐scaling exponent bR) and the allometry of body surface area (bA, as predicted from body‐shape changes using a Euclidean model). As many pelagic invertebrates use a large portion of their external body surface for both resource uptake and waste excretion, we predicted that body‐mass scaling exponents for rates of excretion of soluble N (bN) should also then relate to the degree of body‐shape change during growth. We tested this hypothesis using literature data on bN for 39 species of pelagic invertebrates across five different phyla, and find strong support: bN is significantly positively correlated with predicted bA, whilst also co‐varying with bR. Intraspecific differences between bN and bR values reveal ontogenetic shifts in the ratio of O2‐consumed to N‐excreted. We suggest that a variety of factors, including adaptive developmental shifts in the relative anabolism and catabolism of proteins and lipids, may cause these shifts in consumption–excretion ratios. Diverse pelagic invertebrates that dominate vast open water ecosystems falsify the predictions of general metabolic scaling theories built upon resource‐transport networks, but support predictions of surface‐area dependent theory.
Copiotrophic marine bacteria are associated with strong iron‐binding ligand production during phytoplankton blooms
Authors: Hogle Shane L. , Bundy Randelle M. , Blanton Jessica M. , Allen Eric E. , Barbeau Katherine A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAlthough marine bacteria were identified nearly two decades ago as potential sources for strong iron‐binding organic ligands detected in seawater, specific linkages between ligands detected in natural water and the microbial community remain unclear. We compared the production of different classes of iron‐binding ligands, dissolved iron and macronutrient concentrations, and phytoplankton and bacterioplankton assemblages in a series of iron amended 6‐d incubations. Incubations with high iron additions had near complete macronutrient consumption and higher phytoplankton biomass compared with incubations with low iron additions, but both iron treatments were dominated by diatoms. However, we only detected the strongest ligands in high‐iron treatments, and strong iron‐binding ligands were generally correlated with an increased abundance of copiotrophic bacteria, particularly Alteromonas strains. Ultimately, these robust correlations suggest a potential linkage between copiotrophic bacteria and strong iron‐binding ligand production after iron fertilization events in the marine environment.
Estimating uncertainty in ambient and saturation nutrient uptake metrics from nutrient pulse releases in stream ecosystems
Authors: Brooks Scott C. , Brandt Craig C. , Griffiths Natalie A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNutrient spiraling is an important ecosystem process characterizing nutrient transport and uptake in streams. Various nutrient addition methods are used to estimate uptake metrics; however, uncertainty in the metrics is not often evaluated. A method was developed to quantify uncertainty in ambient and saturation nutrient uptake metrics estimated from saturating pulse nutrient additions (Tracer Additions for Spiraling Curve Characterization; TASCC). Using a Monte Carlo (MC) approach, the 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated for ambient uptake lengths (Sw‐amb) and maximum areal uptake rates (Umax) based on 100,000 datasets generated from each of four nitrogen and five phosphorous TASCC experiments conducted seasonally in a forest stream in eastern Tennessee, U.S.A. Uncertainty estimates from the MC approach were compared to the CIs estimated from ordinary least squares (OLS) and non‐linear least squares (NLS) models used to calculate Sw‐amb and Umax, respectively, from the TASCC method. The CIs for Sw‐amb and Umax were large, but were not consistently larger using the MC method. Despite the large CIs, significant differences (based on non‐overlapping CIs) in nutrient metrics among seasons were found with more significant differences using the OLS/NLS vs. the MC method. We suggest that the MC approach is a robust way to estimate uncertainty, as the calculation of Sw‐amb and Umax violates assumptions of OLS/NLS while the MC approach is free of these assumptions. The MC approach can be applied to other ecosystem metrics that are calculated from multiple parameters, providing a more robust estimate of these metrics and their associated uncertainties.
Active dielectric metasurface based on phase‐change medium
Authors: Chu Cheng Hung , Tseng Ming Lun , Chen Jie , Wu Pin Chieh , Chen Yi‐Hao , Wang Hsiang‐Chu , Chen Ting‐Yu , Hsieh Wen Ting , Wu Hui Jun , Sun Greg , Tsai Din Ping 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe propose all‐dielectric metasurfaces that can be actively re‐configured using the phase‐change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) alloy. With selectively controlled phase transitions on the composing GST elements, metasurfaces can be tailored to exhibit varied functionalities. Using phase‐change GST rod as the basic building block, we have modelled metamolecules with tunable optical response when phase change occurs on select constituent GST rods. Tunable gradient metasurfaces can be realized with variable supercell period consisting of different patterns of the GST rods in their amorphous and crystalline states. Simulation results indicate a range of functions can be delivered, including multilevel signal modulating, near‐field coupling of GST rods, and anomalous reflection angle controlling. This work opens up a new space in exploring active meta‐devices with broader applications that cannot be achieved in their passive counterparts with permanent properties once fabricated.
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Linkage between theory‐based measurement of organizational readiness for change and lessons learned conducting quality improvement–focused research
Authors: Jackson George L. , Roumie Christianne L. , Rakley Susan M. , Kravetz Jeffrey D. , Kirshner Miriam A. , Del Monte Pamela S. , Bowen Michael E. , Oddone Eugene Z. , Weiner Bryan J. , Shaw Ryan J. , Bosworth Hayden B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOrganizations have different levels of readiness to implement change in the patient care process. The Hypertension Telemedicine Nurse Implementation Project for Veterans (HTN‐IMPROVE) is an example of an innovation that seeks to enhance delivery of care for patients with hypertension. We describe the link between organizational readiness for change (ORC), assessed as the project began, and barriers and facilitators occurring during the process of implementing a primary care innovation. Each of 3 Veterans Affairs medical centers provided a half‐time nurse and implemented a nurse‐delivered, telephone‐based self‐management support program for patients with uncontrolled hypertension. As the program was starting, we assessed the ORC and factors associated with ORC. On the basis of consensus of medical center and research partners, we enumerated implementation process barriers and facilitators. The primary ORC barrier was unclear long‐term commitment of nursing to provide continued resources to the program. Three related barriers included the need to address: (1) competing organizational demands, (2) differing mechanisms to integrate new interventions into existing workload, and (3) methods for referring patients to disease and self‐management support programs. Prior to full implementation, however, stakeholders identified a high level of commitment to conduct nurse‐delivered interventions fully using their skills. There was also a significant commitment from the core implementation team and a desire to improve patient outcomes. These facilitators were observed during the implementation of HTN‐IMPROVE. As demonstrated by the link between barriers to and facilitators of implementation anticipated though the evaluation of ORC and what was actually observed during the process of implementation, this project demonstrates the practical utility of assessing ORC prior to embarking on the implementation of significant new clinical innovations.
Synthesis and 7Li Ion Dynamics in Polyarylene‐Ethersulfone‐Phenylene‐Oxide‐Based Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Selter Philipp , Grote Stefanie , Brunklaus Gunther 
Published: October 2016

A new block‐co‐polymer based on poly(arylene ether sulfone) and nitrile‐functionalized poly(phenylene oxide) is prepared via polycondensation. Upon swelling with Li triflate dispersed in succinonitrile, a polymer electrolyte suitable for application in secondary Li ion batteries is obtained, which at temperatures above 313 K exhibits conductivities of 10−4–10−3 S cm−1. The presence of distinct coordination modes of the Li ions (not discernible from inspection of 7Li chemical shifts) is revealed based on a dynamic contrast identified from a distribution of transverse relaxation times. Three relaxation components reflecting polymer‐bound, partially and fully solvated Li ion species are identified on the basis of Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill NMR data after inverse Laplace transformation and multiexponential relaxation analysis toolkit analysis thus highlighting the versatility of the applied methods.
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The Influence of Regulatory Focus on the Effect of Product Cues
Authors: Song Doori , Morton Cynthia R. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to explore the extent to which informational cues interact with individuals’ motivational states during their evaluation of a product. This article confirms the interaction effects between informational cues and motivational states by examining product attributes and advertising appeals as informational cues, and regulatory focus as a motivational state. The results from three studies indicate that consumers with promotion focus find extrinsic cues as more important and have more favorable evaluation toward a product with superior extrinsic cues. Prevention‐focused consumers, however, perceive intrinsic cues of a product as more important, and thus have more favorable evaluation toward a product with superior intrinsic cues.
Shape Memory of Microscale and Nanoscale Imprinted Patterns on a Supramolecular Polymer Compound
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhao Zhiyang , Karim Alamgir , Weiss R. A. 
Published: October 2016

Surface memory effects for micropattern and nanopattern are demonstrated for shape memory compounds composed of mixtures of the zinc salt of a sulfonated poly(ethylene‐co‐propylene‐co‐ethylidene norbornene) ionomer and three different low molar mass fatty acids (FAs): lauric acid (LA), stearic acid (SA), and zinc stearate (ZnSt). This work shows the ability to tune the surface pattern switching temperature (Tc) by simply varying the FA melting point. The melting point of the FA in the ionomer compound is depressed from that of the pure FA due to strong dipolar interactions between the ionomer and the FAs. Surface pattern memory and recovery are shown for compounds with 20 wt% LA, SA, or ZnSt, where Tc = 50, 80, and 100 °C, respectively. Recovery efficiencies for micropatterns are better than 92% for all three compounds and 73% for a nanopattern for the ionomer/ZnSt compound.
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Synthesis of Polystyrene and Poly(4‐vinylpyridine) Mixed Grafted Silica Nanoparticles via a Combination of ATRP and CuI‐Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Click Chemistry
Authors: Wu Lei , Glebe Ulrich , Böker Alexander 
Published: October 2016

Binary polystyrene and poly(4‐vinylpyridine) mixed grafted silica nanoparticles (PSt/P4VP‐g‐SNPs) are fabricated using CuI‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (CuAAC) via grafting‐to method. Azide‐terminated PSt and P4VP are synthesized via post‐ and pre‐atom transfer radical polymerization modification, respectively. Then, the polymers are simultaneously anchored onto alkyne‐modified SNPs by CuAAC yielding mixed brushes as shown by Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and thermogravimetric analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of simultaneously grafting two distinct polymer chains to synthesize mixed grafted silica nanoparticles using CuAAC technique via grafting‐to method.
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Modeling of Nonlinear Optical Activity of Epoxyamine Oligomers with Binary Chromophore Groups
Authors: Levitskaya Alina I. , Fominykh Olga D. , Balakina Marina Yu. 
Published: October 2016

The molecular systems, modeling composite materials, are formed by the epoxy‐amine oligomers with covalently bound chromophore‐containing dendritic fragments (EAD) as a host and additional azo‐chromophores as guests. The relationship between the structure and quadratic nonlinear optical characteristics of the model systems is established by atomistic modeling and quantum chemistry. The effect of the chain length of the model systems and the choice of the dendron structure, in particular, the length of the groups tethering chromophores to the branching center, on the values of first hyperpolarizability is studied. Molecular dynamics, performed for the model systems at various temperatures, reveals chromophores local mobility at temperature close to 130 °C; the calculations being fulfilled with the force field MMFF94s modified in terms of the ESP partial charges estimate at B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level.image
Sildenafil in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bernard Bryan A. , Metman Leonard Verhagen , Levine Laurence , Ouyang Bichun , Leurgans Sue , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) is a common nonmotor feature in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Data regarding the tolerability and efficacy of anti‐ED medication in the PD population are limited. The aim of this work was to assess the safety and efficacy of sildenafil in treatment of ED in men with PD.MethodsThis was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study consisting of two 4‐week arms separated by a 2‐week washout period. Treatment sequence (placebo‐sildenafil vs. sildenafil‐placebo) was randomized. Sildenafil was started at 50 mg and adjusted to 25, 50, or 100 mg after 2 weeks, depending upon side effects. The Erectile Function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐EF; primary outcome measure) and the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life (secondary outcome measure) were obtained at baseline and end of each treatment period. The UPDRS was obtained at each study visit. The difference between group means was tested for statistical significance using t tests.ResultsTwenty men participated and completed both treatment arms of the study. There was one instance of headache as a side effect. There was a significant effect of sildenafil on sexual functioning as measured by the IIEF‐EF domain (P < 0.0001; mean for sildenafil = 23.2 ± 7.0; mean for placebo = 12.3 ± 7.5). There were no treatment effects for quality of life (P = 0.3) or PD symptoms (P = 0.86).ConclusionsSildenafil was safe and improved ED in this sample of men with PD. Overall, PD symptoms and quality of life were not impacted by use of sildenafil.
Digestive fate of dietary carrageenan: Evidence of interference with digestive proteolysis and disruption of gut epithelial function
Authors: Fahoum Lulu , Moscovici Alice , David Shlomit , Shaoul Ron , Rozen Geila , Meyron‐Holtz Esther G. , Lesmes Uri 
Published: October 2016

ScopeThe objective of this study was to interrogate two mechanisms by which commercial Carrageenans (E407) (CGN) may adversely affect human health: (i) Through modification of gastric proteolysis and (ii) Through affecting gut epithelial structure and function.Methods and resultsThree commercial CGN samples with distinct zeta‐potentials (stable at the pH range of 3–7 and varied with physiological levels of CaCl2) were mixed with milk, soy or egg protein isolates, then subjected to a semi‐dynamic in vitro digestion model and analyzed by SDS‐PAGE. This revealed varying levels of interference with gastric digestive proteolysis and a significant decrease in pepsin activity. Further, a Caco‐2 cell model was used to explore various effects of physiologically digested CGN (pdCGN) on various epithelial cell functions and characteristics. Samples of pdCGN (0.005–0.5 mg/mL) affected the epithelial barrier function, including redistribution of the tight‐junction protein Zonula Occludens (Zo)‐1, changes in cellular F‐actin architecture and increased monolayer permeability to the transfer of macromolecules. Moreover, pdCGN induced elevation in the levels of the pro‐inflammatory IL‐8 receptor CXCR1.ConclusionThis work raises the possibility that CGN may reduce protein and peptide bioaccessibility, disrupt normal epithelial function, promote intestinal inflammation, and consequently compromise consumer health.
Feasibility and tolerability of whole‐body, low‐intensity vibration and its effects on muscle function and bone in patients with dystrophinopathies: a pilot study
Authors: Petryk Anna , Polgreen Lynda E. , Grames Molly , Lowe Dawn A. , Hodges James S. , Karachunski Peter 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionDystrophinopathies are X‐linked muscle degenerative disorders that result in progressive muscle weakness complicated by bone loss. This study's goal was to evaluate feasibility and tolerability of whole‐body, low‐intensity vibration (WBLIV) and its potential effects on muscle and bone in patients with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy.MethodsThis 12‐month pilot study included 5 patients (age 5.9–21.7 years) who used a low‐intensity Marodyne LivMD plate vibrating at 30–90 Hz for 10 min/day for the first 6 months. Timed motor function tests, myometry, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography were performed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months.ResultsMotor function and lower extremity muscle strength remained either unchanged or improved during the intervention phase, followed by deterioration after WBLIV discontinuation. Indices of bone density and geometry remained stable in the tibia.ConclusionsWBLIV was well tolerated and appeared to have a stabilizing effect on lower extremity muscle function and bone measures. Muscle Nerve 55: 875–883, 2017
Fluorchemikalien: Funktionalität und Umweltschutz
Authors: Vierke Lena , Schulte Christoph 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDas Beispiel der Per‐ und Polyfluoralkylchemikalien zeigt, dass Substanzen schaden können, wenn die Entwickler nur auf die nützlichen Eigenschaften schauen und dabei Gefahren übersehen.
Transaktionen: gut bewertet, gern gekauft
Authors: Schneider Bernd , Mehran Benjamin , Kretzinger Lukas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUnternehmensbewertungen – Grundlage für Akquisitionen und Zusammenschlüsse – haben im Chemiemarkt ein neues Rekordhoch erreicht. Das Jahr 2016 könnte ein Jahr der Megadeals werden.