bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical properties and different methods of estimation of transmuted Rayleigh distribution
Authors: Dey Sanku , Raheem Enayetur , Mukherjee Saikat 
Published: January 2017

This article addresses the various properties and different methods of estimation of the unknown parameters of the Transmuted Rayleigh (TR) distribution from the frequentist point of view. Although, our main focus is on estimation from frequentist point of view, yet, various mathematical and statistical properties of the TR distribution (such as quantiles, moments, moment generating function, conditional moments, hazard rate, mean residual lifetime, mean past lifetime, mean deviation about mean and median, the stochastic ordering, various entropies, stress-strength parameter and order statistics) are derived. We briefly describe different frequentist methods of estimation approaches, namely, maximum likelihood estimators, moments estimators, L-moment estimators, percentile based estimators, least squares estimators, method of maximum product of spacings, method of Cram\'er-von-Mises, methods of Anderson-Darling and right-tail Anderson-Darling and compare them using extensive numerical simulations. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performances of the proposed methods of estimation for both small and large samples. Finally, the potentiality of the model is analyzed by means of two real data sets which is further illustrated by obtaining bias and standard error of the estimates and the bootstrap percentile confidence intervals using bootstrap resampling.
Schmerztherapie bei kleinen Heimtieren
Authors: Gollwitzer Andrea , Grammel Lukas , Henke Julia , Tacke Sabine 
Published: January 2017

ZusammenfassungObwohl gerade in den letzten Jahren viele Fortschritte in der Schmerztherapie beim Tier gemacht wurden, gestaltet sich die Schmerztherapie beim kleinen Heimtier schwieriger als bei Hund und Katze. Es besteht jedoch die ethische Verpflichtung, dass auch diese Tiere eine adäquate Schmerztherapie erhalten. Kaum ein Analgetikum ist zum Einsatz beim kleinen Heimtier zugelassen, oft fehlen pharmakologische Untersuchungen und Dosierungen wurden häufig nur empirisch ermittelt. Aufgrund der kleinen Größe der Tiere ist im Vergleich zu Hund und Katze oft eine höhere Dosis pro Kilogramm Körpergewicht notwendig. Auch die Dosierung selbst lässt sich bei den kleinen Tieren nur schwer korrekt durchführen, denn viele Analgetika müssen vor der Applikation verdünnt werden. Zusätzlich bereitet eine häufige Manipulation der kleinen Heimtiere zur Verabreichung von Analgetika den Patienten Stress und dieser kann den Schmerz verstärken. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die zum Einsatz beim kleinen Heimtier geeigneten Analgetika beschrieben und die Indikationen für die Anwendung der verschiedenen Analgetikatypen erläutert. Ein spezieller Abschnitt widmet sich der Schmerzerkennung, der Algesimetrie, die sich beim kleinen Heimtier deutlich schwieriger gestaltet. In den letzten Jahren wurden sogenannte „Grimace Scales“ entwickelt, anhand derer der Gesichtsausdruck der Tiere beurteilt wird.
Medición e impacto de la actividad económica informal en el ámbito tributario en la ciudad de Guayaquil
Authors: Parra Rosero Alex 
Published: January 2017

Present research is related to a study about the measuring and impact of economical informal activity in the tax system field. Drastic transformations related to the economical instability are watched. Diagnoses done are product of statistics and economical analysis and study which were prepared efficiently in a field work with the assistance of students and teachers of the UPS
Educación emprendedora en la universidad: Educando para el futuro
Authors: Gutiérrez Montoya Guillermo 
Published: January 2017

Education has a positive impact in the development of entrepreneurship, mainly at the methodologies used in classrooms. To make education awakes the interest in the entrepreneur spirit of students, old- fashion pedagogic models must be broken. It is necessary to develop to new methods where pupils have a leading role and be responsible of his own learning
¿Por qué y cómo investigar las minorías religiosas?
Authors: Montes Martínez Alberto 
Published: January 2017

<p>Después de todas las polémicas y críticas que ha habido durante el siglo XX sobre la Religión, a estas alturas es difícil, si no imposible, encontrar personas que nieguen la vigencia social de la religión. Y esto sucede, no sólo entre la gente corriente, sino también entre las personas de ciencia, en general y, sobre todo, entre los científicos sociales.</p><p> </p><p>En esta Comunicación nos proponemos dos tareas complementarias. La primera es justificar por qué es relevante la investigación sobre el fenómeno genérico de la religión y sobre las religiones concretas y minoritarias existentes en sociedad española, y especialmente en Cantabria. Y la segunda tarea es hacer propuestas sobre el modo de investigar las minorías religiosas existentes en nuestro país, que tiene algunas peculiaridades.</p>
EL GÉNERO NOVELÍSTICO EN LA LITERATURA ECUATORIANA
Authors: Salazar Estrada Yovany 
Published: January 2017

<p> </p>Se propone presentar una reseña cronológica del desarrollo evolutivo del género novelístico en la literatura ecuatoriana, desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad. El trabajo se distribuye en seis acápites: la novela romántica y los inicios del género en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX; predominio de la ideología liberal en la ficción novelesca; realismo social e indigenismo en la novelística ecuatoriana en las décadas del treinta y cuarenta del siglo XX; la novela de transición de la década del cincuenta; la novela ecuatoriana en las décadas del setenta, ochenta y noventa; y, la novelística ecuatoriana de los últimos años.
LA RENOVACIÓN DE LAS IZQUIERDAS EN COLOMBIA: ¿UNA CUESTIÓN DE JÓVENES? Reflexiones desde la política del acontecimiento.
Authors: Forero Nicolás Aguilar 
Published: January 2017

<p>En el presente artículo de reflexión se retoman los planteamientos de Mauricio Lazzarato en torno a la lógica de la diferencia y la política del acontecimiento para destacar su importancia en el camino hacia la renovación de las izquierdas en Colombia. De igual forma, se argumenta que los procesos de renovación de las izquierdas en este país en lugar de orientarse hacia la búsqueda de la unidad y el éxito en la política electoral, pueden nutrirse de las experiencias de acción colectiva juvenil que desde el año 2011 han desplegado formas de organización y relacionamiento alternativas, en donde la comunicación, la confianza, la colaboración y la construcción de lo común han desempeñado un rol crucial. </p>
Ethanolic periwinkle leaf extract reduces telomerase expression in T47D cancer cells
Authors: Purwaningsih Endang , Widayanti Etty , Suciati Yulia 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND<br />Cancer cells have a relatively high telomerase activity and a lower p53 protein expression than normal cells, so that cancer cells have the ability to continue to proliferate and do not undergo apoptosis. One of the cancer treatments is chemotherapy using bioactive ingredients from synthesis or isolation of natural materials. One of the plants that have potential as anticancer agent is periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L). The research objective was to evaluate the effect of ethanolic periwinkle leaf extract against p53 protein and telomerase expression in T47D cancer cells. <br /> <br />METHODS<br />An experimental study with controls was conducted involving T47D breast cancer cells. They were divided into 3 groups (control, ½ dose of IC50/26.849 µg/mL, and one dose of IC50/53.699 µg/mL) at a cell density of 1 x 104 cells/well. Expression of p53 and telomerase was measured by the immunohistochemistry method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by a multiple comparison test.<br /><br />RESULTS<br />Periwinkle leaf extract significantly increased p53 protein expression (p&lt;0.05) at both treatment doses, ½ IC50 and IC50, compared to the control group and it highly significantly reduced telomerase expression (p&lt;0.01), in comparison with the control group at both treatment doses. <br /><br />CONCLUSION<br />Periwinkle leaf extract has potential as an anti-breast cancer agent by increasing p53 protein expression and inhibiting telomerase expression.
Guest Editorial: Climate Policy with Low Oil Prices
Authors: Aguilera Roberto F. , Radetzki Martin 
Published: January 2017

Guest editorial
Although oil experienced an extraordinary price increase over the past 4 decades, a turning point has been reached where scarcity, uncertain supply, and high prices will be replaced by abundance, undisturbed availability, and suppressed price levels in the decades to come.
In our new book, The Price of Oil, we conclude that the shale revolution will yield an increased output of oil in the world totaling nearly 20 million B/D by 2035. We also assert that a “conventional oil revolution”—the application of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing to conventional oil formations in the world—will yield a further addition of almost 20 million B/D in the same period. This extra 40 million B/D is nearly twice as much as the global increase in oil production in the 20-year period from 1994 to 2014.
As these new production revolutions develop and expand internationally, they are bound to have a strong price-depressing impact, either by preventing price rises from the levels observed in 2015 (the Brent spot price averaged USD 53/bbl), or by pushing prices back to these levels if an early upward reaction takes place. Our optimistic scenario sees a price of USD 40/bbl by 2035.
Without serious climate policy restrictions, the use of cheaper oil will likely grow and extend its life expectancy throughout the global energy system.
The Carbon Bubble Fallacy
A deep climate policy is one that ensures that CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere do not exceed a doubling from pre-industrial levels throughout the 21st century, believed to be a warming of about 2 degrees Celsius. Such a policy would require global emission cuts of 30% by 2035, and no less than 50% by 2050, compared with 2011 levels. There is little doubt that implementation of climate policy this ambitious implies the end of the recent revolution in oil production. There have also been widespread claims that such a policy would result in massive stranded assets in the fossil fuel industries.
Would sizable proved reserves remaining in the ground due to a deep climate policy constitute a serious problem to the fossil industries? We do not think so, or else, the reserves would never have been created on such a prevalent scale. In the case of oil, the reason proved reserves have been created to last more than 50 years into the future, at present production levels, is that investment in reserve creation is relatively small in relation to total production costs, and therefore worth the companies’ while to assure reasonable peace of mind about future production potential.
E&P Notes (February 2016)
Authors: Jacobs Trent , Whitfield Stephen 
Published: January 2017

E&P Notes
Mexico’s Onshore Auction Considered a Success, Deepwater Up Next
Trent Jacobs, JPT Senior Technology Writer
Each of the 25 onshore blocks offered to private companies in Mexico’s December auction were awarded, almost all of which went to Mexican companies. It was the third installment of the country’s historic Round One auction process made possible by a 2013 constitutional reform that for the first time in a generation allows private companies to extract oil and gas in Mexico.
The results of the latest auction exceeded expert predictions as well as those of the Mexican government that prior to the auction, had announced it would consider five awarded blocks to be a success. Only five out of 19 blocks were awarded in the shallow water auctions held earlier in 2015.
Drilling Fluid Uses Acid and Salt To Improve Well Performance
Trent Jacobs, JPT Senior Technology Writer
The inventor of a new water-based drilling fluid believes the chemical process involved with his technology opens up natural fractures as drilling takes place to increase production in shale formations.
The key ingredients of the technology, called the Aquarius Drilling System, are readily available salts and acids that can be used in conjunction with proven completion techniques, or in some cases, in lieu of hydraulic fracturing.
US, Alaska Governments End Legal Claims for Exxon Valdez Incident
Stephen Whitfield, Staff Writer
The US Department of Justice and the Alaska Department of Law recently closed federal and legal actions against ExxonMobil Corp. and its corporate predecessors involving the 1989 crude oil spill from the Exxon Valdez oil tanker.
The legal actions stem from a 1991 plea agreement the company reached with both governments in US district court. Under that agreement, the company agreed to pay a criminal fine of USD 125 million. An ensuing civil settlement required the company to pay an additional USD 900 million to both governments over a 10-year period to reimburse past costs and fund the restoration of damaged natural resources.
Development of Engineering Competency Models Continues
Authors: JPT staff _ 
Published: January 2017

Talent & Technology
The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME), of which SPE is a member society, is one of 17 societies that make up the American Association of Engineering Societies (AAES). AAES, a multidisciplinary organization of engineering societies dedicated to advancing the engineering profession’s impact on the public good, hosts working groups on topics of interest to three or more member societies. AAES formed the Lifelong Learning Working Group (LLWG) in 2013 to “serve as a forum to share best practices and data and to discuss issues and opportunities related to the activities of the member societies to enhance the quality of lifelong learning programs in the United States.” The group identified developing a competency model as a key priority to help many members understand the knowledge and skills needed to thrive in the engineering workplace.
SPE has been developing discipline-specific technical competencies for the past several years to assist young professionals, and more recently graduate engineers, in quickly ramping up with necessary skills needed to succeed in today’s competitive environment. SPE believes that accelerating competency is one direct way for industry to deal with “the big crew change” caused by the retirement of a large number of petroleum engineers. In addition to these technical competencies, SPE established a Soft Skills Committee 5 years ago to help oil and gas professionals garner and hone the nontechnical expertise needed to be successful in a global marketplace. SPE’s work is at the leading edge of lifelong learning efforts in the engineering profession.
The working group holds monthly calls, and SPE’s experiences have provided a critical template for other engineering organizations to develop their discipline-specific competencies. The challenge now is to bridge SPE’s work in discipline-specific technical and nontechnical skills with more generic competency model work that has recently been released by AAES to create a holistic lifelong learning roadmap for SPE members. Behrooz Fattahi, AIME 2014 president and SPE Soft Skills Committee charter member, asked AIME’s Executive Director and AAES LLWG cochair, Michele Lawrie-Munro, to work with SPE’s Soft Skills Committee to make these connections.
Optimization of Upper Burgan Reservoir Multilateral Well With Inflow-Control Device
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 175227, “Optimize Development Strategy of Upper Burgan Reservoir Through Multilateral Well With Inflow-Control Device in Raudhatain Field, North Kuwait,” by Sankar Chowdhuri, Peter Cameron, Tarek A. Gawwad, Mohammad R. Madar, Siddhartha Sankar Sharma, Moute’a Dughaim AlMutairi, Vijay Shankar Rajagopalan, Suresh Chellappan, and Moudi Fahad Al-Ajmi, Kuwait Oil Company, prepared for the 2015 SPE Kuwait Oil & Gas Show and Conference, Mishref, Kuwait, 11–14 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
In coning situations, such as in the production of oil reservoirs with a bottom aquifer, multilateral wells reduce the coning effect and, hence, prove to be more cost-effective. This paper discusses the first multilateral well with a Level-4 junction combined with an inflow-control device (ICD) planned, designed, and drilled in the Upper Burgan reservoir of Raudhatain field, north Kuwait. The paper covers the main challenges of well placement during geosteering to ensure the best quality of reservoir rock in structurally and depositionally complex settings with smart-completion design.
Introduction
The Raudhatain oilfield structure is one of several developed along a prominent anticlinal ridge that plunges gently north of Kuwait. These individual highs, in which the principal oil accumulations of the area are localized, tend to be of large areal extent and substantial structural relief. The Raudhatain structure exhibits a quasiradial pattern of small normal faults of limited throw. This geometry suggests a primary origin by uplift.
The Raudhatain structure is a faulted anticlinal dome with 65 to 90 ft of topographical relief. The 3D seismic has defined the major faulting in the northern part of Raudhatain as northwest trending, whereas in the southwestern part of the field the faults trend northwest. Fault throws are highly variable and range from less than 30 ft to as much as 150 ft.
Stratigraphy of Upper Burgan Reservoir
The Burgan formation is a major reservoir unit. It unconformably overlies the carbonate Shuaiba formation and underlies the Mauddud carbonates with locally unconformable contact. The thickness of Burgan is approximately 950 ft of soft, clean, porous, well-sorted quartz sandstones of littoral to possibly deltaic aspect, interbedded with siltstones and dark shales. The Burgan formation at Raudhatain has been divided informally into three members, termed the Upper Sand, Middle Shale, and Lower Sand.
Implementation of an Acoustic Automatic Leak-Detection Sonar in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 26270, “A Case Study on the Implementation of an Acoustic Automatic Leak-Detection Sonar (ALDS) in the Gulf of Mexico and Its Application to Current and Future Brazilian Fields,” by G. Brown, S. Fasham, P. Tomlinson, and R. Crook, Sonardyne, prepared for the 2015 Offshore Technology Conference Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, 27–29 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The authors have developed an active acoustic automatic leak-detection sonar (ALDS) designed to detect hydrocarbon leaks (mono- and multiphase oil and gas) at significant ranges, allowing coverage of wide areas from a single sensor. The system’s single subsea sensor offers 360° continuous coverage, providing automatic, robust detection and localization of any leak, followed by an alert within tens of seconds of a leak developing. This paper provides a case study of an experimental program in which the system underwent trials in deep water (2000 m) at the Thunderhorse field in the US Gulf of Mexico (GOM).
Introduction
Most methods for detecting small leaks— for example, passive acoustic detectors that “listen” for the sound of a leak— have very limited range, which makes them suitable for applications such as pipeline surveys but not for wider field coverage. ALDS was developed to address the requirements for a system that can provide leak detection, including the ability to localize the leak, from a single point for a whole drill center. The typical requirements for such a system include
Continuous and automatic detection and localization of oil and gas leaks across a drill center in both cluttered and uncluttered seabed regions with full 360° coverage
Automatic elimination of transient acoustic targets to ensure low false-alarm rates
Alarm on leaks within a few minutes of their initiation
Ensuring that the system is reliable, networkable, compatible with subsea power-distribution requirements, and deployable across the full depth range of producing oil fields (4000 m)
Principles of Operation
The system is an active sonar that transmits ultrasonic pulses or “pings” at 70 kHz into the water and listens for reflections from objects within its field of view. This system is a phased-array processor capable of looking at returns from 360° of azimuth coverage simultaneously.
Hydrocarbons have different acoustic properties from the surrounding seawater, notably a different acoustic impedance, which means that a sound wave encountering the boundary between seawater and hydrocarbon will be partially reflected and therefore “seen” by the sonar head. To determine if a reflection is from leaking hydrocarbons, the sonar map for each ping is compared with a reference map to see if the scene has changed. Data processing is then used to assess any changes from the reference map to see if they match the characteristics of a hydrocarbon leak or those of other objects such as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), which might be operating within the ALDS field of view.