bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deterioro cognitivo y factores de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico en una muestra de adultos de Bogotá
Authors: Pedraza Olga Lucía , Perilla Helen Johana , Cruz Alberto , Botero Juan Antonio , Montalvo María Camila , Salazar Ana María , Muñoz Yolanda , Díaz José Miguel , Plata Sandra Juliana 
Published: December 2016

Introducción: la relación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) y los factores metabólicos con deterioro cognitivo (DC), definido como deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) o demencia, es controversial.
Objetivo: describir los FRCV y metabólicos relacionados con DC, en una muestra de adultos de Bogotá.
Material y métodos: se diseñó un estudio de corte transversal y se evaluó el estado cognitivo en dos fases, en adultos mayores de 50 años, autónomos, no institucionalizados, aplicando pruebas neuropsicológicas y un protocolo de evaluación neuropsiquiátrica. Los FRCV y metabólicos fueron documentados por autoreporte, y se tomaron medidas antropométricas.
Resultados: en 1.045 adultos estudiados, el promedio de edad fue de 68 años (DS 8.6), y de educación 8 años (DS 6.0), 76 % fueron mujeres, 56 % presentaba hipertensión arterial (HTA), 40 % dislipidemia, 37 % fueron fumadores, 37 % tenían sobrepeso, 28 % hipotiroidismo, 25 % obesidad, 17 % consumían alcohol y 16 % eran diabéticos. El DCL se asoció con escolaridad de primaria-incompleta OR:1.94 (95 % IC: 1.21- 3.14), primaria-completa OR:1.96 (95 % IC: 1.18- 3.25), bachillerato- incompleto OR:3.01 (95 % IC: 1.80-5.05), bachillerato-completo OR: 2.54 (95 % IC: 1.45- 4.45) y con edad entre 70 y 79 años OR:2.06 (95% IC: 1.32-3.23). La demencia se asoció con escolaridades de primaria-incompleta OR: 11.20 (95 % IC: 4.99- 25.12), primaria-completa OR: 7.91 (95 % IC: 3.44-18.16), bachillerato- incompleto OR: 2.87 (95 % IC: 1.17- 7.01) y con edades entre 70 -79 años OR: 2.82. (95 % IC: 1.37-5.80), o mayores de 80 años OR: 7.68 (95 % IC: 3.49- 16.90) y con sufrir HTA OR: 1.45 (95 % IC: 1.03-2.05).
Conclusión: la baja escolaridad, una edad avanzada y sufrir HTA son en su orden los factores más importantes para el desarrollo de la demencia. Los adultos entre 70 y 79 años con bachillerato incompleto, tienen mayor riesgo de DCL.
Memoria autobiográfica en pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal por esclerosis hipocampal
Authors: Carvajal-Castrillón Julián , Andrade Machado René , Aguirre-Acevedo Daniel Camilo , Montoya Arenas David Andrés 
Published: December 2016

Introducción: la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal (ELT) suele cursar con trastornos en el funcionamiento mnésico. Es probable que el paciente con epilepsia tenga dificultades en la memoria autobiográfica, principalmente en los casos donde la etiología es la esclerosis hipocampal (EH).
Objetivo: determinar las posibles alteraciones de la memoria autobiográfica en los pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal por esclerosis hipocampal, en comparación con personas sanas.
Material y métodos: la muestra estuvo conformada por 25 pacientes con diagnóstico electroclínico e imagenalógico de ELT por EH y fue contrastada con 15 controles sanos. A los pacientes que previamente habían sido valorados por neurología y neuropsicología, se les suministró la Entrevista de Memoria Autobiográfica para valorar el desempeño en memoria personal semántica e incidentes autobiográficos. Para la comparación de los pacientes frente a los controles en memoria autobiográfica, se utilizó la prueba U de Mann Whitney y se calculó el tamaño del efecto no paramétrico.
Resultados: los pacientes presentaron dificultades en el recuerdo de la información personal semántica de los últimos cinco años y marcadas alteraciones en el recuerdo de incidentes autobiográficos relacionados con la niñez, la adultez y la vida reciente.
Conclusión: los resultados confirman las dificultades que los pacientes con ELT por EH presentan en la activación de rastros de memoria en el hipocampo para la evocación y re-experimentación detallada de los incidentes autobiográficos de toda su historia personal.
Revisión de Creutzfeld-Jakob a propósito de dos casos clínicos en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio
Authors: Pretelt Felipe , Rivera Neiby , Ursida Valentina , Ramírez Ayelet 
Published: December 2016

La enfermedad de Creutzfeld-Jakob es una patología neurodegenerativa fatal e intratable, que hace parte de las denominadas encefalopatías espongiformes y se produce por la acumulación anormal de la PrP (proteína priónica patogénica),denominada PrPsc, a nivel del sistema nervioso central. La enfermedad priónica humana más común es la forma esporádica de la enfermedad de Creutzfeld-Jakob, cuya aparición se ha relacionado con los efectos ambientales desconocidos o los sucesos aleatorios y genéticos, que resultan en la producción espontánea de PrP en el cerebro.
A continuación se presentan dos casos clínicos de dos mujeres que consultan al servicio de urgencias del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, en quienes se sospechó encefalopatía rápidamente progresiva, compatible con enfermedad de Creutzfeld-Jakob.
Minimización de costos: inmunoglobulina IV vs. plasmaféresis en síndrome de Guillain Barré
Authors: Suárez Fabio Enrique , Ortiz Gloria Isabel , Mogollón Juan Pablo , Clavijo Liliana , Ortíz Paola Andrea , Rodríguez Jesús Hernán , Mutis Jorge 
Published: December 2016

Introducción: el síndrome de Guillain Barré es considerada una de las principales causas de parálisis neuromuscular aguda. Actualmente existen dos alternativas igual de efectivas clínicamente en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad: la inmunoglobulina intravenosa y la plasmaféresis.
Objetivo: estimar cuál de los dos tratamientos es menos costoso en la atención hospitalaria de pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome de Guillain Barré en estadios moderados a severos en la Fundación Cardioinfantil en Bogotá, Colombia.
Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron todos los pacientes que egresaron entre enero y diciembre de 2014 con síndrome de Guillain Barré según el sistema de información clínica de la Fundación Cardioinfantil. La información de los costos por cada paciente fue provista por el Departamento de Cuentas Médicas de la Fundación Cardioinfantil y se estableció el costo total de la atención desde el ingreso hasta el egreso del paciente. La comparación del costo total de la atención de los pacientes tratados con inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IGIV) vs., los pacientes tratados con plasmaféresis, se realizó por medio de la prueba de Mann-Whitney.
Resultados: la atención de los pacientes con IGIV tuvo un costo total de 9.976 USD, mientras el costo de los pacientes tratados con plasmaféresis fue de 23.354 USD. El costo de atención en este último grupo de pacientes se ve afectado por el mayor número de complicaciones derivadas del mismo tratamiento.
Conclusión: entre los dos tratamientos considerados en el síndrome de Guillain Barré en estadios avanzados, la IGIV ofrece una buena alternativa para minimizar costos en la atención hospitalaria del paciente con diagnóstico de síndrome de Gullian Barré en la Fundación Cardioinfantil de Bogotá.
IMPLICAÇÕES DO USO DE ATIVIDADES EXPERIMENTAIS NO ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA NA ESCOLA PÚBLICA
Authors: Morais Vânia Cardoso da Silva , Santos Adevailton Bernardo 
Published: December 2016

A pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar a influência de uma sequência didática com atividade experimental na motivação dos estudantes em relação à disciplina de Biologia e verificar a possibilidade de aplicar tal sequência tendo como aporte a perspectiva histórico-cultural e a Dinâmica dos Três momentos Pedagógicos. O trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa de Mestrado desenvolvida com 70 estudantes de uma escola de Ensino Médio em Patos de Minas. A análise dos dados coletados por meio de observação, questionários, relatórios, depoimentos de estudantes, filmagem e fotografia de aulas de Biologia, aponta que o uso de atividades experimentais nas aulas de Biologia contribuiu para o aumento da motivação dos estudantes e que o aporte teórico e a postura docente motivadora aumentaram sua autoestima e senso investigativo. Os resultados indicam ainda que é possível desenvolver na escola uma sequência didática fundamentada na complementaridade de duas correntes teóricas diferentes como a Dinâmica dos Três momentos Pedagógicos e a perspectiva histórico-cultural. Dado o exposto, entendemos que o uso da atividade experimental na sequência didática influencia positivamente a motivação dos estudantes em relação à Biologia, favorecendo o processo ensino e aprendizagem de Biologia. Contudo, é o conjunto desta, como o aporte teórico e a postura motivadora da docente, permitiu a aproximação dos conhecimentos científicos da realidade dos estudantes, possibilitando maior aprendizagem de conceitos biológicos.
Elektronenstrahl-Profilieren und -Umschmelzverbinden zur Verbesserung der Belastbarkeit von thermischen Spritzschichten*
Authors: Hengst P. , Zenker R. , Süß T. , Hoffmann K. 
Published: December 2016

Kurzfassung
Das thermische Spritzen kommt in verschiedenen Applikationsfeldern zur Anwendung. Eine breite Palette an möglichen Beschichtungswerkstoffen und Verfahrensvarianten ermöglicht einen beanspruchungsgerechten Technologieeinsatz. Die ständig steigenden Anforderungen bezüglich der Bauteilbelastung (Verschleiß in Verbindung mit Zug, Druck, Torsion und Scherung) stellen auch für thermische Spritzschichten neue Herausforderungen dar. Das Ziel eines Forschungsvorhabens war die Verbesserung der Belastbarkeit von thermischen Spritzschichten auf Stahl- und Aluminiumsubstraten. Dazu wurden das Elektronenstrahl (EB)-Profilieren vor dem Spritzen und das lokale EB-Umschmelzverbinden nach dem Spritzen untersucht. Auf dem Substratwerkstoff AlSi35 konnte mithilfe des EB-Profilierens vor dem thermischen Spritzen durch die Erzeugung von definierten Profilmustern im Vergleich zu nicht profilierten Substraten eine deutliche Steigerung der Belastbarkeit nachgewiesen werden. Das lokale EB-Umschmelzverbinden als EB-Behandlung nach dem thermischen Spritzen bewirkt eine lokale metallurgische Anbindung der Spritzschicht an das Substrat (X2CrNiMo22-5-3). Es konnten sehr gute Ergebnisse mit Co-Basis Spritzschichten in Verbindung mit der EB-Behandlung erreicht werden.
RQP1: Heat Treatment System Survey and Quality Control*
Authors: Cardey P.-F. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
RQP1 defines the quality requirements applicable to heat treatment on mechanical parts intended to be used mainly in the car manufacturing industry. It provides a reference for quality audit and for inspection of heat treatment workshops, whether these are integrated or belonging to subprime contractors. This document may also be used as basis for discussion and development of specifications. RQP1 has been written by a French working group managed by the CETIM (French Technical Center of Mechanical Industry) and composed by contractors and subcontractors of automotive industry (PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault, Faurecia, Valeo, SKF, NTN-SNR, Delphi) and by heat-treaters (Bodycote, Thermi Lyon, Metatherm, Hacer). Thus, it is in agreement with the industrial reality of the heat treatment. At the instigation of contractors and following the very favorable feedback from the RQP1's users, this document has been transcribed in a French standard (NF A 02-053) published in 2014. In October 2014, France made a new ISO standard proposal on “control of quality of heat treatment”. A draft, based on French standard NF A 02-053, has been proposed for the development of this new standard and the establishment of an ISO working group is expected for the end of 2016.
Utilisation of PVD Hard Coating after Electron Beam Surface Treatment for Cast Iron*
Authors: Buchwalder A. , Klose N. , Zenker R. , Engelmann M. , Steudtner M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Wear protection plays an important role for highly loaded components. Therefore, PVD hard coatings with very high hardness have become well established in industrial applications for steel components in the automotive industry. As an alternative to steels, efforts are currently being focused on cast irons for components because of their reduced requirements for superior properties in machining, their lower weight, and lower costs. However, due to the insufficient load-bearing support of this soft base material and/or of their individual microstructural constituents (graphite), the use of hard coatings on cast irons for wear protection has remained limited. The present contribution deals with the possibilities with respect to using electron beam (EB) solid phase treatment (hardening) and liquid phase surface treatments with Ni-based additives (alloying) and without additives (remelting), to improve the conditions for deposition and the load-bearing support of the thin PVD hard coatings. Apart from the hardness of the EB-treated layer, the toughness of the specific microstructural constituents influences the properties of the composite layer substantially. Comparative studies of different single treatments and duplex treatments (EB treated and, subsequently, PVD hard-coated) were carried out by means of unlubricated pin-on-disc wear tests and potentiodynamic corrosion measurements in a 5% NaCl solution. The investigations proved that it is possible to use PVD hard coatings (with all their outstanding properties) for cast iron components by utilising duplex surface treatment technologies.
Rekonstruktion von Eigenspannungstiefenverläufen aus Messungen von Maß- und Formänderungen und oberflächennahen Eigenspannungen
Authors: Frerichs F. , Lübben Th. , Zoch H.-W. 
Published: December 2016

Kurzfassung
Eigenspannungen spielen bei der Bewertung der Güte von Bauteilen eine große Rolle. Der Aufwand für die Messungen der Eigenspannungen, insbesondere von Eigenspannungstiefenverläufen, ist aber oft sehr groß. So müssen z. B. bei röntgenografischen Methoden sukzessive oberflächennahe Schichten aufwendig abgetragen werden. Bei Tiefen größer als ca. 1 mm muss oftmals sogar mit thermischen Neutronen oder Synchrotronstrahlung gearbeitet werden. Aus diesem Grund sind einfachere Verfahren, mit denen man auf die Spannungstiefenverläufe schließen kann, von großem Nutzen. In diesem Zusammenhang können Dehnungsmessungen bzw. Messungen von Maß und Formänderungen eine Hilfe sein. Ursachen für Verzüge sind nicht elastische Dehnungen, die durch z. B. Drehen, Schleifen, Wärmebehandlungen etc. verursacht werden. Sind am Ende des Prozesses die nicht elastischen Dehnungen asymmetrisch im Werkstück verteilt, führen sie zu charakteristischen Eigenspannungsverteilungen und Maß- und Formänderungen. Dieser Beitrag betrachtet Eigenspannungstiefenverläufe, die beim Schleifen und induktivem Erwärmen generiert werden. Im Falle von rechteckig geformten Prismen mit geringer Dicke und im Vergleich großer Länge, die nur von einer Seite bearbeitet werden, sind die Hauptverzugseffekte Biegung und Längenänderung. Diese einfach zu messenden Werte können sehr hilfreich sein, um auf die nicht elastischen Dehnungen und damit auf die korrelierenden elastischen Dehnungen bzw. Eigenspannungen 1. Art innerhalb des Werkstücks zu schließen. Da die genannten Werte sich gegenseitig beeinflussen, stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit man den Aufwand bei der Messung von Eigenspannungen durch eine Kombination von Verzugs- und röntgenografischen Messungen optimieren kann. Welche und wie viele Eigenspannungsmessungen sind notwendig, um Eigenspannungstiefenverläufe in Bereichen tiefer als 1 mm unterhalb der Oberfläche des Werkstücks abschätzen zu können?
A study of acute kidney injury in hospitalized preterm neonates in NICU
Authors: Nagaraj N. , Berwal P.K. , Srinivas A. , Berwal A. 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to determine the incidence, clinical features, etiology and outcome of functional and intrinsic acute kidney injury (AKI) in preterm neonates. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study on premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over an eight month period. All biochemical parameters of renal function tests were monitored and statically analyzed. RESULTS: The study included 450 infants; of them 300 were inborn and 150 infants were outborn and transported to the NICU. Mean gestational age, weight, and age at the time of AKI diagnosis were 32.3 weeks, 1.66 kg and 3.23 days respectively. The male: female ratio was 1.84:1. Incidence of AKI was higher in low birth weight babies. Sluggishness and refusal for feed were most common symptoms. Birth asphyxia and septicemia were the most common early and late cause of AKI. Hyponatremia was the most common electrolyte disturbance. The incidences of AKI, functional renal failure, and intrinsic renal failure were 12%, 48.14%, and 51.85% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: AKI is not uncommon in preterm infants. The early recognition and aggressive management of episodes of shock which often precede AKI could be life-saving.
Optimizing care of ventilated infants by improving weighing accuracy on incubator scales
Authors: El-Kafrawy Ula , Taylor R.J. 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVES: To determine the accuracy of weighing ventilated infants on incubator scales and whether the accuracy can be improved by the addition of a ventilator tube compensator (VTC) device to counterbalance the force exerted by the ventilator tubing. STUDY DESIGN: Body weights on integral incubator scales were compared in ventilated infants (with and without a VTC), with body weights on standalone electronic scales (true weight). Individual and series of trend weights were obtained on the infants. The method of Bland and Altman was used to assess the introduced bias. RESULTS: The study included 60 ventilated infants; 66% of them weighed <1000 g. A total of 102 paired-weight datasets for 30 infants undergoing conventional ventilation and 30 undergoing high frequency oscillator ventilation (HFOV) supported by a SensorMedics oscillator, (with and without a VTC) were obtained. The mean differences and (95% CI for the bias) between the integral and true scale weighing methods was 60.8 g (49.1 g to 72.5 g) without and –2.8 g (–8.9 g to 3.3 g) with a VTC in HFOV infants; 41.0 g (32.1 g to 50.0 g) without and –5.1 g (–9.3 g to –0.8 g) with a VTC for conventionally ventilated infants. Differences of greater than 2% were considered clinically relevant and occurred in 93.8% without and 20.8% with a VTC in HFOV infants and 81.5% without and 27.8% with VTC in conventionally ventilated infants. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the VTC device represents a substantial improvement on the current practice for weighing ventilated infants, particularly in the extreme preterm infants where an over- or underestimated weight can have important clinical implications for treatment. A large-scale clinical trial to validate these findings is needed.
Wireless multichannel electroencephalography in the newborn
Authors: Ibrahim Z.H. , Chari G. , Abdel Baki S. , Bronshtein V. , Kim M.R. , Weedon J. , Cracco J. , Aranda J.V. 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVES: First, to determine the feasibility of an ultra-compact wireless device ( microEEG) to obtain multichannel electroencephalographic (EEG) recording in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Second, to identify problem areas in order to improve wireless EEG performance. STUDY DESIGN: 28 subjects (gestational age 24–30 weeks, postnatal age <30 days) were recruited at 2 sites as part of an ongoing study of neonatal apnea and wireless EEG. Infants underwent 8-9 hour EEG recordings every 2–4 weeks using an electrode cap (ANT-Neuro) connected to the wireless EEG device (Bio-Signal Group). A 23 electrode configuration was used incorporating the International 10–20 System. The device transmitted recordings wirelessly to a laptop computer for bedside assessment. The recordings were assessed by a pediatric neurophysiologist for interpretability. RESULTS: A total of 84 EEGs were recorded from 28 neonates. 61 EEG studies were obtained in infants prior to 35 weeks corrected gestational age (CGA). NICU staff placed all electrode caps and initiated all recordings. Of these recordings 6 (10%) were uninterpretable due to artifacts and one study could not be accessed. The remaining 54 (89%) EEG recordings were acceptable for clinical review and interpretation by a pediatric neurophysiologist. Of the recordings obtained at 35 weeks corrected gestational age or later only 11 out of 23 (48%) were interpretable. CONCLUSIONS: Wireless EEG devices can provide practical, continuous, multichannel EEG monitoring in preterm neonates. Their small size and ease of use could overcome obstacles associated with EEG recording and interpretation in the NICU.
THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF 3D ALFVÉN RESONANCES: NORMAL MODES
Authors: Wright Andrew N. , Elsden Thomas 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We consider the resonant coupling of fast and Alfvén magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in a 3D equilibrium. Numerical solutions to normal modes (

) are presented, along with a theoretical framework to interpret them. The solutions we find are fundamentally different from those in 1D and 2D. In 3D there exists an infinite number of possible resonant solutions within a “Resonant Zone,” and we show how boundary conditions and locally 2D regions can favor particular solutions. A unique feature of the resonance in 3D is switching between different permissible solutions when the boundary of the Resonant Zone is encountered. The theoretical foundation that we develop relies upon recognizing that, in 3D, the orientation of the resonant surface will not align in a simple fashion with an equilibrium coordinate. We present a method for generating the Alfvén wave natural frequencies for an arbitrarily oriented Alfvén wave, which requires a careful treatment of scale factors describing the background magnetic field geometry.
RUNAWAY DWARF CARBON STARS AS CANDIDATE SUPERNOVA EJECTA
Authors: Plant Kathryn A. , Margon Bruce , Guhathakurta Puragra , Cunningham Emily C. , Toloba Elisa , Munn Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
The dwarf carbon (dC) star SDSS J112801.67+004034.6 has an unusually high radial velocity, 531 ± 4 km s−1. We present proper motion and new spectroscopic observations which imply a large Galactic rest frame velocity, 425 ± 9 km s−1. Several other SDSS dC stars are also inferred to have very high galactocentric velocities, again each based on both high heliocentric radial velocity and also confidently detected proper motions. Extreme velocities and the presence of C
2 bands in the spectra of dwarf stars are both rare. Passage near the Galactic center can accelerate stars to such extreme velocities, but the large orbital angular momentum of SDSS J1128 precludes this explanation. Ejection from a supernova in a binary system or disruption of a binary by other stars are possibilities, particularly as dC stars are thought to obtain their photospheric C
2 via mass transfer from an evolved companion.