bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithiumgewinnung aus anspruchsvollen Lagerstätten: Zinnwaldit und magnesiumreiche Salzseen
Authors: Bertau Martin , Voigt Wolfgang , Schneider Anke , Martin Gunther 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLithium kommt gebunden in Silikatgesteinen und gelöst in Salzseen vor. Beide Rohstofftypen, deren Ressourcen den zu erwartenden Bedarf um ein Vielfaches übersteigen, werden für die Lithiumgewinnung genutzt. Eine Übersicht der bekannten Lagerstätten mit ihrer Geochemie und den gegenwärtig genutzten Verfahren der Lithiumgewinnung wird gegeben. Diese Verfahren lehnen sich noch eng an die historischen Erstgewinnungen von Lithiumcarbonat an. Neue Prozessansätze der Direktcarbonatisierung von Zinnwaldit, der Salzsäure‐ und Oxalsäurelaugung sowie ein neues Verfahren zur Lithiumcarbonatgewinnung aus magnesiumreichen Brines werden vorgestellt.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of α‐Halomethylketones via Ce(SO4)2/Acid Co‐Catalyzed Hydration of Alkynes
Authors: Zou Huaxu , Jiang Jun , Yi Niannian , Fu Wenqiang , Deng Wei , Xiang Jiannan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA general atom‐economical approach for the synthesis of α‐halomethyl ketones is demonstrated through Ce(SO4)2/acid co‐catalyzed hydration of a wide range of haloalkynes. The reactions are conducted under convenient conditions and provide products with excellent regioselectivity in good to excellent yields, with broad substrate scope. This protocol is an alternative to conventional α‐halogenation of ketones.
Electrosynthesis of Arylsulfonamides from Amines and Sodium Sulfinates Using H2O‐NaI as the Electrolyte Solution at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhang Chen , Chen Yibin , Yuan Gaoqing 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWith H2O as the solvent and NaI as the supporting electrolyte, a green and efficient electrochemical route has been developed to synthesize arylsulfonamides via I2 electrogenerated in situ at a graphite anode to promote the reaction of sodium sulfinates with aromatic or aliphatic primary and secondary amines. The target products could be obtained in good to excellent yields at room temperature.
Ag Nanowire‐Ag Nanoparticle Hybrids for the Highly Enhanced Fluorescene Detection of Protoporphyrin IX Based on Surface Plasmon‐Enhanced Fluorescence
Authors: Wang Yunjia , Zu Xihong , Yi Guobin , Luo Hongsheng , Huang Hailiang , Song Xuliang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this study, we developed an approach to fabricate novel 1D Ag NWs‐Ag NPs hybrid substrate for enhanced fluorescene detection of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) based on surface plasmon‐enhanced fluorescence. The Ag NWs‐Ag NPs hybrid was synthesized by combining the hydrothermal method and self‐assembly method with the asisstance of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). When the Ag NWs‐Ag NPs hybrid was deposited on the glass substrate and employed as active substrate to detect PpIX, the fluorescence intensity of PpIX was enhanced greatly due to the coupling effect of localized surface plasmon‐localized surface plasmon (LSP‐LSP) and localized surface plasmon‐surface plasmon propagation (LSP‐SPP) which induced great enhancement of the electromagnetic field. Furthermore, the enhancement effect was approximately linear when the concentration of PpIX was ranged from 1×10−7 mol/L to 2×10−5 mol/L, and the photobleaching phenomenon of PpIX was reduced greatly, indicating that the fabricated Ag NWs‐Ag NPs hybrid substrate had well performance for PpIX imaging. This work provides an effective approach to prepare highly sensitive and stable fluorescence enhancement substrate, and has great potential application in fluorescence imaging.
Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Vincristine Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticle Composite Film
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zheng Jing , Guo Mandong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn innovative molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor was fabricated based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and gold nanocomposite (Au) for rapid detection of vincristine (VCR). The RGO‐Au composite membrane was obtained via direct one‐step electrodeposition technique of graphene oxide (GO) and chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the potential range between −1.5 and 0.6 V in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 9.18, which is capable of effectively utilizing its superior electrical conductivity, larger specific surface area due to its synergistic effect between RGO and Au. The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized on the RGO‐Au modified glassy carbon electrode surface with VCR as the template molecular, methyl acrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, and ethylene glycol maleic rosinate acrylate (EGMRA) as a cross‐linker. The performance of the sensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the fabricated sensor exhibited a linear relationship between oxidation peak current and VCR concentration over the range of 5.0×10−8–5.0×10−6 mol·L minus;1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9952 and a detection limit (S/N=3) of 2.6×10minus;8 mol·Lminus;1. The results indicated that the imprinted polymer films exhibited an excellent selectivity for VCR. The imprinted sensor was successfully used to determine VCR in real samples with recoveries of 90% –120% by using the standard addition method.
Synthesis of Visible‐Light‐Driven g‐C3N4/PPy/Ag Ternary Photocatalyst with Improved Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Zhang Fengli , Duan Fang , Ding Zhigang , Chen Mingqing 
Published: December 2016

Abstractg‐C3N4/PPy/Ag ternary photocatalyst was synthesized by a three‐step method. Firstly, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) photocatalyst was obtained by sintering melamine at high temperature, then a series of g‐C3N4/PPy composite photocatalysts were prepared by in‐situ polymerization of pyrrole, and finally the g‐C3N4/PPy/Ag ternary composite photocatalyst was obtained by depositing Ag on the surface of g‐C3N4/PPy. The photocatalytic activities of as‐prepared samples were evaluated by degradation of antibiotic tetracycline (TC) under visible light. The influence of the amounts of polypyrrole (PPy) and Ag on the photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4/PPy/Ag ternary photocatalyst was investigated. Both PPy and Ag played critical roles for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4/PPy/Ag. The g‐C3N4/PPy/Ag composites exhibited remarkably improved photocatalytic activities for degrading TC compared with g‐C3N4, g‐C3N4/PPy and g‐C3N4/Ag. Besides, the photocatalytic mechanism was also analyzed. The band match of PPy with g‐C3N4 benefited the separation of photo‐generated carriers in g‐C3N4, and the deposited Ag nanoparticles played important roles as an electron mediator due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects. The present study offered new insight into the design of the economical and gently environment‐friendly synthesis of highly efficient photocatalysts.
Identification, characterization, and expression of sarcomeric tropomyosin isoforms in zebrafish
Authors: Dube Dipak K. , Dube Syamalima , Abbott Lynn , Wang Jushuo , Fan Yingli , Alshiekh‐Nasany Ruham , Shah Kalpesh K. , Rudloff Alexander P. , Poiesz Bernard J. , Sanger Jean M. , Sanger Joseph W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTropomyosin is a component of thin filaments that constitute myofibrils, the contractile apparatus of striated muscles. In vertebrates, except for fish, four TPM genes TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4 are known. In zebrafish, there are six TPM genes that include the paralogs of the TPM1 (TPM1‐1 and TPM1‐2), the paralogs of the TPM4 gene (TPM4‐1 and TPM4‐2), and the two single copy genes TPM2 and TPM3. In this study, we have identified, cloned, and sequenced the TPM1‐1κ isoform of the TPM1‐1 gene and also discovered a new isoform TPM1‐2ν of the TPM1‐2. Further, we have cloned and sequenced the sarcomeric isoform of the TPM4‐2 gene designated as TPM4‐2α. Using conventional RT‐PCR, we have shown the expression of the sarcomeric isoforms of TPM1‐1, TPM1‐2, TPM2, TPM3, TPM4‐1, and TPM4‐2 in heart and skeletal muscles. By qRT‐PCR using both relative expression as well as the absolute copy number, we have shown that TPM1‐1α, TPM1‐2α, and TPM1‐2ν are expressed mostly in skeletal muscle; the level of expression of TPM1‐1κ is significantly lower compared to TPM1‐1α in skeletal muscle. In addition, both TPM4‐1α and TPM4‐2α are predominantly expressed in heart. 2D Western blot analyses using anti‐TPM antibody followed by Mass Spectrometry of the proteins from the antibody‐stained spots show that TPM1‐1α and TPM3α are expressed in skeletal muscle whereas TPM4‐1α and TPM3α are expressed in zebrafish heart. To the best of our knowledge, this is by far the most comprehensive analysis of tropomyosin expression in zebrafish, one of the most popular animal models for gene expression study.
Induced Europium Circularly Polarized Luminescence Monitors Reversible Drug Binding to Native α1‐Acid Glycoprotein
Authors: Jennings Laura , Waters Ryan S. , Pal Robert , Parker David 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAlpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (α1‐AGP) is an important blood plasma glycoprotein. Following an acute‐phase reaction such as stress, inflammation, burn, or infection, the bloodstream concentration of α1‐AGP can increase up to 400 % of its normal concentration. A wide range of drugs is known to bind α1‐AGP. Increased binding of pharmacologically active compounds to α1‐AGP moderates their clinical effect by decreasing the amount of unbound drug in the bloodstream. This has important clinical ramifications for such applications as the duration of anesthesia and in determining dosage for drug therapy. In this study, the competitive binding to α1‐AGP of a dynamically racemic europium(III) complex with seven pharmacologically active drugs absorbing in the range λ 250–290 nm was monitored by following changes in europium total emission and in induced circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Binding affinities corresponding to Kd values in the range 0.5–100 μm were measured, in good agreement with published data.
Optimal timing of influenza vaccination during 3‐week cytotoxic chemotherapy cycles
Authors: Keam Bhumsuk , Kim Min‐Kyung , Choi Yunhee , Choi Su‐Jin , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Lee Kyung‐Hun , Kim Tae Min , Kim Tae‐Yong , Oh Do‐Youn , Kim Dong‐Wan , Im Seock‐Ah , Kim Nam‐Joong , Heo Dae Seog , Park Wan Beom , Oh Myoung‐don 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDCytopenia occurs frequently during cytotoxic chemotherapy. Little is known about the optimal timing of influenza vaccination for patients receiving chemotherapy. This study compared the immunogenicity of an influenza vaccine administered concurrently with chemotherapy (day 1) and within the cytopenic period (day 11) during 3‐week cytotoxic chemotherapy cycles.METHODSAdult patients with solid cancer undergoing scheduled 3‐week cytotoxic chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive the 2014‐2015 seasonal influenza vaccine on day 1 or 11 during the chemotherapy cycle. Patients were stratified by their age (<60 and ≥60 years) and previous influenza vaccination status. Antibody responses to influenza vaccine strains H1N1, H3N2, and B were measured before and 21 to 28 days after vaccination with a hemagglutination inhibition antibody assay.RESULTSNinety‐seven patients were randomized into a day 1 group (n = 43) or a day 11 group (n = 54). Eighty‐three patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 54 (± 11) years. Cancer types included breast (61%) and lung cancer (30%). Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the groups. Seroprotection rates after vaccination were also not significantly different for the day 1 and 11 groups (strain H1N1, 67% vs 75% [P = .403]; strain H3N2, 77% vs 80% [P = .772]; strain B, 21% vs 27% [P = .472]). Seroconversion rates and postvaccination geometric mean titers were also similar for the groups. Vaccine‐related adverse events were more common in the day 11 group (13% vs. 32%; P = .040).CONCLUSIONSThe antibody responses to influenza vaccination on days 1 and 11 during a 3‐week cytotoxic chemotherapy cycle were comparable. Influenza vaccination can be performed concurrently with cytotoxic chemotherapy or during the cytopenic period. Cancer 2017;123:841–48. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Spatial patterning of excitatory and inhibitory neuropil territories during spinal circuit development
Authors: Yan Qing , Zhai Lu , Zhang Bo , Dallman Julia E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTo generate rhythmic motor behaviors, both single neurons and neural circuits require a balance between excitatory inputs that trigger action potentials and inhibitory inputs that promote a stable resting potential (E/I balance). Previous studies have focused on individual neurons and have shown that, over a short spatial scale, excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) synapses tend to form structured territories with inhibitory inputs enriched on cell bodies and proximal dendrites and excitatory inputs on distal dendrites. However, systems‐level E/I patterns, at spatial scales larger than single neurons, are largely uncharted. We used immunostaining for PSD‐95 and gephyrin postsynaptic scaffolding proteins as proxies for excitatory and inhibitory synapses, respectively, to quantify the numbers and map the distributions of E/I synapses in zebrafish spinal cord at both an embryonic stage and a larval stage. At the embryonic stage, we found that PSD‐95 puncta outnumber gephyrin puncta, with the number of gephyrin puncta increasing to match that of PSD‐95 puncta at the larval stage. At both stages, PSD‐95 puncta are enriched in the most lateral neuropil corresponding to distal dendrites while gephyrin puncta are enriched on neuronal somata and in the medial neuropil. Significantly, similar to synaptic puncta, neuronal processes also exhibit medial‐lateral territories at both developmental stages with enrichment of glutamatergic (excitatory) processes laterally and glycinergic (inhibitory) processes medially. This establishment of neuropil excitatory‐inhibitory structure largely precedes dendritic arborization of primary motor neurons, suggesting that the structured neuropil could provide a framework for the development of E/I balance at the cellular level. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1649–1667, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CO Adsorption on GaPd—Unravelling the Chemical Bonding in Real Space
Authors: Villaseca Sebastián Alarcón , Ormeci Alim , Levchenko Sergey V. , Schlögl Robert , Grin Yuri , Armbrüster Marc 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe electron localizability indicator—an efficient quantum chemical tool for analysis of chemical bonding—is applied to unveil the chemical bonding behind the CO adsorption on the (

) surface of the highly selective semi‐hydrogenation catalyst GaPd. Refining the commonly applied Blyholder model, the obtained results are in excellent agreement with previous experimental and theoretical findings. The clean GaPd(

) surface presents unshielded negatively charged Pd centers and positively charged Ga species partially shielded by dangling bonds. The CO molecule adsorbs on‐top of the Pd centers perperdicular to the surface, while no CO‐Ga interaction is observed. The chemical bonding analysis results in deep understanding, thus enabling a cost efficient route to innovative materials by reverse engineering.
Cellulose Biorefinery Based on a Combined Catalytic and Biotechnological Approach for Production of 5‐HMF and Ethanol
Authors: Sorokina Ksenia N. , Taran Oxana P. , Medvedeva Tatiana B. , Samoylova Yuliya V. , Piligaev Alexandr V. , Parmon Valentin N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this study, a combination of catalytic and biotechnological processes was proposed for the first time for application in a cellulose biorefinery for the production of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) and bioethanol. Hydrolytic dehydration of the mechanically activated microcrystalline cellulose over a carbon‐based mesoporous Sibunt‐4 catalyst resulted in moderate yields of glucose and 5‐HMF (21.1–25.1 and 6.6–9.4 %). 5‐HMF was extracted from the resulting mixture with isobutanol and subjected to ethanol fermentation. A number of yeast strains were isolated that also revealed high thermotolerance (up to 50 °C) and resistance to inhibitors found in the hydrolysates. The strains Kluyveromyces marxianus C1 and Ogataea polymorpha CBS4732 were capable of producing ethanol from processed catalytic hydrolysates of cellulose at 42 °C, with yields of 72.0±5.7 and 75.2±4.3 % from the maximum theoretical yield of ethanol, respectively.
Factors Influencing the Performance of Pd/C Catalysts in the Green Production of Hydrogen from Formic Acid
Authors: Zacharska Monika , Bulusheva Lyubov G. , Lisitsyn Alexander S. , Beloshapkin Sergey , Guo Yina , Chuvilin Andrey L. , Shlyakhova Elena V. , Podyacheva Olga Y. , Leahy James J. , Okotrub Alexander V. , Bulushev Dmitri A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFormic acid derived from biomass is known to be used for hydrogen production over Pd catalysts. The effects of preparation variables, structure of the carbon support, surface functional composition on the state of Pd, and catalytic properties of the samples in the vapor‐phase decomposition of formic acid were studied. In all catalysts derived from Pd acetate, metal particles visible by conventional TEM had similar sizes, but the adsorption capacity towards CO responded strongly to N‐doping of the carbon surface. Moreover, a decrease in the CO/Pd values was accompanied by a significant increase in the reaction rate. Taking account of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic resolution high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF/STEM) data, the trends observed were assigned to a larger fraction of single electron‐deficient Pd atoms in the N‐doped samples, which do not adsorb CO but interact with formic acid to produce hydrogen. This was confirmed by extended DFT studies. The obtained results are valuable for the development of Pd catalysts on carbon supports for different processes.
Implementing PacketEconomy: Distributed money‐based QoS in OMNET++
Authors: Koutsiamanis Remous‐Aris , Efraimidis Pavlos S. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIn this work we examine how quality of service (QoS) can be achieved in a real network by allowing packets to coordinate using fiat money in a market economy for router queue positions. In this context we implement and evaluate the PacketEconomy mechanism in the discrete‐event simulator OMNET++, using the standard INET library for simulating Internet Protocol version 6 networks and evaluate throughput, end‐to‐end delay, and packet drop rates. Additionally, we examine whether the flows have a game‐theoretic incentive to participate in the market economy, while covering both Transmission Control Protocol– and User Datagram Protocol–based flows in multiple different cases. The mechanism achieves QoS by allowing packets with different QoS requirements waiting to be served in router queues to mutually trade positions by exchanging money. Notably, each flow can independently and selfishly define the ask and bid prices of its packets. In this manner, packets can coordinate to be able to self‐regulate their packet‐specific access to shared network resources. The results are promising and show that the innovative PacketEconomy mechanism provides robust, effective, and fine‐grained QoS while maintaining end‐user control for both rate‐ and window‐based flows.
LRP: Link quality‐aware queue‐based spectral clustering routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Faheem Muhammad , Tuna Gurkan , Gungor Vehbi Cagri 
Published: December 2016

SummaryRecently, underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have been considered as a promising approach for monitoring and exploring the oceans in lieu of traditional underwater wireline instruments. As a result, a broad range of applications exists ranging from oil industry to aquaculture and includes oceanographic data collection, disaster prevention, offshore exploration, assisted navigation, tactical surveillance, and pollution monitoring. However, the unique characteristics of underwater acoustic communication channels, such as high bit error rate, limited bandwidth, and variable delay, lead to a large number of packet drops, low throughput, and significant waste of energy because of packets retransmission in these applications. Hence, designing an efficient and reliable data communication protocol between sensor nodes and the sink is crucial for successful data transmission in underwater applications. Accordingly, this paper is intended to introduce a novel nature‐inspired evolutionary link quality‐aware queue‐based spectral clustering routing protocol for UASN‐based underwater applications. Because of its distributed nature, link quality‐aware queue‐based spectral clustering routing protocol successfully distributes network data traffic load evenly in harsh underwater environments and avoids hotspot problems that occur near the sink. In addition, because of its double check mechanism for signal to noise ratio and Euclidean distance, it adopts opportunistically and provides reliable dynamic cluster‐based routing architecture in the entire network. To sum up, the proposed approach successfully finds the best forwarding relay node for data transmission and avoids path loops and packet losses in both sparse and densely deployed UASNs. Our experimental results obtained in a set of extensive simulation studies verify that the proposed protocol performs better than the existing routing protocols in terms of data delivery ratio, overall network throughput, end‐to‐end delay, and energy efficiency.
Salinization triggers a trophic cascade in experimental freshwater communities with varying food‐chain length
Authors: Hintz William D. , Mattes Brian M. , Schuler Matthew S. , Jones Devin K. , Stoler Aaron B. , Lind Lovisa , Relyea Rick A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe application of road deicing salts in northern regions worldwide is changing the chemical environment of freshwater ecosystems. Chloride levels in many lakes, streams, and wetlands exceed the chronic and acute thresholds established by the United States and Canada for the protection of freshwater biota. Few studies have identified the impacts of deicing salts in stream and wetland communities and none have examined impacts in lake communities. We tested how relevant concentrations of road salt (15, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg Cl−/L) interacted with experimental communities containing two or three trophic levels (i.e., no fish vs. predatory fish). We hypothesized that road salt and fish would have a negative synergistic effect on zooplankton, which would then induce a trophic cascade. We tested this hypothesis in outdoor mesocosms containing filamentous algae, periphyton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, several macroinvertebrate species, and fish. We found that the presence of fish and high salt had a negative synergistic effect on the zooplankton community, which in turn caused an increase in phytoplankton. Contributing to the magnitude of this trophic cascade was a direct positive effect of high salinity on phytoplankton abundance. Cascading effects were limited with respect to impacts on the benthic food web. Periphyton and snail grazers were unaffected by the salt‐induced trophic cascade, but the biomass of filamentous algae decreased as a result of competition with phytoplankton for light or nutrients. We also found direct negative effects of high salinity on the biomass of filamentous algae and amphipods (Hyalella azteca) and the mortality of banded mystery snails (Viviparus georgianus) and fingernail clams (Sphaerium simile). Clam mortality was dependent on the presence of fish, suggesting a non‐consumptive interactive effect with salt. Our results indicate that globally increasing concentrations of road salt can alter community structure via both direct and indirect effects.