bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Discharge to a Nonhome Facility in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Decompression Without Fusion for Degenerative Spine Disease
Authors: Murphy Meghan E. , Maloney Patrick R. , McCutcheon Brandon A. , Rinaldo Lorenzo , Shepherd Daniel , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Gilder Hannah , Ubl Daniel S. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Freedman Brett A. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Bydon Mohamad 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Patients recovering from decompressive laminectomy without fusion may require assistance with activities of daily living and physical/occupational therapy upon hospital discharge.

OBJECTIVE
To examine comorbidities and perioperative characteristics of patients undergoing lumbar decompression for associations with discharge status using a multicenter database.

METHODS
A multicenter database was used for this retrospective cohort analysis. Patients admitted from home with degenerative spine disease for lumbar decompression without fusion were included. Thirty-day outcomes and operative characteristics were compared as a function of patient discharge using chi-square and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with discharge to a nonhome facility.

RESULTS
Of the 8627 patients included for analysis, 9.7% were discharged to a nonhome facility. On multivariable analysis, age (85+ vs <65, odds ratio [OR] 13.59), number of levels of decompression (3+ vs 1, OR 1.75), African American race vs Non-Hispanic or Hispanic White (OR 1.87), female vs male gender (OR 1.97), body mass index (BMI) (40+ vs 18.5-24.9, OR 1.74), American Society of Anesthesiologists physical classification status (4 vs 1 or 2, OR 2.35), hypertension (OR 1.29), dependent functional status (OR 3.92), diabetes (OR 1.47), smoking (OR 1.40), hematocrit (<35 vs 35+, OR 1.76), international normalized ratio (≥1.3 vs <1.3, OR 2.32), and operative time (3+ h vs <1 h, OR 5.34) were significantly associated with an increased odds of discharge to nonhome facilities.

CONCLUSION
Preoperative status and operative course variables can influence discharge disposition in lumbar decompression patients. Identifying specific factors that contribute to a greater likelihood of dismissal to skilled facility or rehabilitation unit can further inform both surgeons and patients during preoperative counseling and disposition planning.
Stabilization of Tumor-Associated Craniovertebral Junction Instability: Indications, Operative Variables, and Outcomes
Authors: Zuckerman Scott L. , Kreines Fabiana , Powers Ann , Iorgulescu J. Bryan , Elder James B. , Bilsky Mark H. , Laufer Ilya 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Whether primary or metastatic, tumors of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) are rare and challenging.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the surgical indications, operative variables, and outcomes in patients with tumors of the CVJ undergoing occipitocervical (OC) stabilization.

METHODS: A single-institution, retrospective case series was performed from a prospectively maintained spine database. Patients with primary or metastatic tumors of the CVJ who underwent OC stabilization were identified. Out of 46 patients who underwent OC fusion, 39 were for tumor. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were performed to assess for postoperative changes.

RESULTS: Ten patients (26%) harbored primary tumors, and the remaining 29 (74%) had metastatic disease. Of the metastatic patients, 14 had a neurological deficit, 10 had severe neck pain, and 5 were deemed mechanically unstable. Postoperative visual analog pain scores were significantly reduced at all 3 follow-up times (P < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI; 3.2, 6.0]; P = .001, 95% CI [2.6, 7.7]; P = .020, 95% CI [0.6, 5.5]). The percentage of patients who were ambulatory and neurologically improved or intact remained stable postoperatively with no significant declines. There were 2 perioperative mortalities (5%), and 13 patients (33%) experienced a major complication.

CONCLUSIONS: In patients with primary or metastatic tumor of the CVJ, OC stabilization using a cervical screw-rod system affixed to a midline-keel buttress plate, with or without posterior decompression, is a reliable method for CVJ stabilization in the oncologic setting. Improvement in pain and preservation of neurological function was seen.
Records of sunspot and aurora activity during 581–959 CE in Chinese official histories concerning the periods of Suí, Táng, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Authors: Tamazawa Harufumi , Kawamura Akito Davis , Hayakawa Hisashi , Tsukamoto Asuka , Isobe Hiroaki , Ebihara Yusuke 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Recent studies concerning radioisotopes in tree rings or ice cores suggest that extreme space weather events occurred during the pre-telescope age. Observational records of naked-eye sunspots and low-latitude auroras in historical documents during this age can provide useful information about past solar activity. In this paper, we present the results of a comprehensive survey of records of sunspots and auroras in Chinese official histories from the 6th century to the 10th century, in the period of Suí, Táng, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. These official histories contain records of continuous observations with well-formatted reports conducted under the policy of the governments. A brief comparison of the frequency of observations of sunspots and auroras based on observations of radioisotopes as an indicator of solar activity during the corresponding periods is provided. Using our data, we surveyed and compiled the records of sunspots and auroras in historical documents from various locations and in several languages, and ultimately provide these as open data to the scientific community.
Ultraviolet to optical diffuse sky emission as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph
Authors: Kawara Kimiaki , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Sano Kei , Brandt Timothy D. , Sameshima Hiroaki , Tsumura Kohji , Oyabu Shinki , Ienaka Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We present an analysis of the blank-sky spectra observed with the Faint Object Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. We study the diffuse sky emission from ultraviolet to optical wavelengths, which is composed of zodiacal light (ZL), diffuse Galactic light (DGL), and residual emission. The observations were performed towards 54 fields distributed widely over the sky, with spectral coverage from 0.2 to 0.7 μm. In order to avoid contaminating light from earthshine, we use the data collected only in orbital nighttime. The observed intensity is decomposed into the ZL, DGL, and residual emission, in eight photometric bands spanning our spectral coverage. We found that the derived ZL reflectance spectrum is flat in the optical, which indicates major contribution of C-type asteroids to the interplanetary dust (IPD). In addition, the ZL reflectance spectrum has an absorption feature at ∼0.3 μm. The shape of the DGL spectrum is consistent with those found in earlier measurements and model predictions. While the residual emission contains a contribution from the extragalactic background light, we found that the spectral shape of the residual looks similar to the ZL spectrum. Moreover, its optical intensity is much higher than that measured from beyond the IPD cloud by Pioneer 10/11, and also than that of the integrated galaxy light. These findings may indicate the presence of an isotropic ZL component, which is missed in the conventional ZL models.
Imprints of zero-age velocity dispersions and dynamical heating on the age–velocity dispersion relation
Authors: Kumamoto Jun , Baba Junichi , Saitoh Takayuki R. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Observations of stars in the the solar vicinity show a clear tendency of old stars to have larger velocity dispersions. This relation is called the age–velocity dispersion relation (AVR) and it is believed to provide insight into the heating history of the Milky Way galaxy. Here, in order to investigate the origin of the AVR, we performed smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations of the self-gravitating multiphase gas disks in the static disk-halo potentials. Star formation from cold and dense gas is taken into account, and we analyze the evolution of these star particles. We find that exponents of simulated AVR and the ratio of the radial to vertical velocity dispersion are close to the observed values. We also find that the simulated AVR is not a simple consequence of dynamical heating. The evolution tracks of stars with different epochs evolve gradually in the age–velocity dispersion plane as a result of: (1) the decrease in velocity dispersion in star-forming regions, and (2) the decrease in the number of cold/dense/gas as scattering sources. These results suggest that the AVR involves not only the heating history of a stellar disk, but also the historical evolution of the ISM in a galaxy.
Detailed modeling of dust distribution in the disk of HD 142527
Authors: Soon Kang-Lou , Hanawa Tomoyuki , Muto Takayuki , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Momose Munetake 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We investigate the dust distribution in the crescent disk around HD 142527 based on the continuum emission at 890 μm obtained by ALMA Cycle 0. The map is divided into 18 azimuthal sectors, and the radial intensity profile in each sector is reproduced with a two-dimensional disk model. Our model takes account of scattering and inclination of the disk as well as the azimuthal dependence in intensity. When the dust is assumed to have the conventional composition and a maximum size of 1 mm, the northwestern region ($\mathit {PA}=291^{\circ }$–351°) cannot be reproduced. This is because the model intensity becomes insensitive to the increase in surface density due to heavy self-scattering, reaching its ceiling much lower than the observed intensity. The ceiling depends on the position angle, $\mathit {PA}$. When the scattering opacity is reduced by a factor of 10, the intensity distribution is reproduced successfully in all the sectors, including those in the northwestern region. The best-fitting model parameters depend little on the scattering opacity in the southern region where the disk is optically thin. The contrast ratio of dust surface densities along $\mathit {PA}$ is derived to be about 40, much smaller than the value in the case of conventional opacities (70–130). These results strongly suggest that the albedo is lower than that considered for some reason, at least in the northwestern region.
A formulation of consistent particle hydrodynamics in strong form
Authors: Yamamoto Satoko , Makino Junichiro 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In fluid dynamical simulations in astrophysics, large deformations are common and surface tracking is sometimes necessary. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method has been used in many such simulations. Recently, however, it has been shown that SPH cannot handle contact discontinuities or free surfaces accurately. There are several reasons for this problem. The first one is that SPH requires that the density is continuous and differentiable. The second one is that SPH does not have consistency, and thus the accuracy is of the zeroth-order in space. In addition, we cannot express accurate boundary conditions with SPH. In this paper, we propose a novel, high-order scheme for particle-based hydrodynamics of compressible fluid. Our method is based on a kernel-weighted high-order fitting polynomial for intensive variables. With this approach, we can construct a scheme which solves all of the three problems described above. For shock capturing, we use a tensor form of von Neumann–Richtmyer artificial viscosity. We have applied our method to many test problems and obtained excellent results. Our method is not conservative, since particles do not have mass or energy, but only their densities. However, because of the Lagrangian nature of our scheme, the violation of the conservation laws turned out to be small. We name this method Consistent Particle Hydrodynamics in Strong Form (CPHSF).
Collective repacking reveals that the structures of protein cores are
uniquely specified by steric repulsive interactions
Authors: Gaines J.C. , Virrueta A. , Buch D.A. , Fleishman S.J. , O'Hern C.S. , Regan L. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Protein core repacking is a standard test of protein modeling software. A recent study of six different modeling software packages showed that they are more successful at predicting side chain conformations of core compared to surface residues. All the modeling software tested have multicomponent energy functions, typically including contributions from solvation, electrostatics, hydrogen bonding and Lennard–Jones interactions in addition to statistical terms based on observed protein structures. We investigated to what extent a simplified energy function that includes only stereochemical constraints and repulsive hard-sphere interactions can correctly repack protein cores. For single residue and collective repacking, the hard-sphere model accurately recapitulates the observed side chain conformations for Ile, Leu, Phe, Thr, Trp, Tyr and Val. This result shows that there are no alternative, sterically allowed side chain conformations of core residues. Analysis of the same set of protein cores using the Rosetta software suite revealed that the hard-sphere model and Rosetta perform equally well on Ile, Leu, Phe, Thr and Val; the hard-sphere model performs better on Trp and Tyr and Rosetta performs better on Ser. We conclude that the high prediction accuracy in protein cores obtained by protein modeling software and our simplified hard-sphere approach reflects the high density of protein cores and dominance of steric repulsion.
The Paradox of the Legislative Drafting Process in Tanzania
Authors: Majamba Hamudi Ismail 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This article provides a critical analysis of the procedure for drafting laws provided for under the legal framework of Tanzania. It is premised on the general perception that the law making function in Tanzania, like other jurisdictions in the Commonwealth, is vested in Parliament, through the doctrine of supremacy of Parliament. The analysis focuses on the Standing Orders of the Parliament of the United Republic. The Orders provide for the main legal regulatory regime governing the conduct of business in the august House, including the drafting of legislation. In the process, the article brings to the fore other salient features of the provisions of the Standing Orders, previously unknown to many. The article’s focus is on Tanzania Mainland. It does not address the legislative drafting process in Zanzibar, the other part of the Union. Under the framework of Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania of 1977, Zanzibar has a separate and distinct regime governing legislative drafting. The main conclusions drawn from the analysis point out that contrary to popular belief, in practice, the overall framework law governing the legislative drafting process and its underlying policy vests the power of law making almost entirely in the Executive and not the Parliament.
The phylogenetics of the global population of potato virus Y and its necrogenic recombinants
Authors: Gibbs Adrian J. , Ohshima Kazusato , Yasaka Ryosuke , Mohammadi Musa , Gibbs Mark J. , Jones Roger A. C. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) is a major pathogen of potatoes and other solanaceous crops worldwide. It is most closely related to potyviruses first or only found in the Americas, and it almost certainly originated in the Andes, where its hosts were domesticated. We have inferred the phylogeny of the published genomic sequences of 240 PVY isolates collected since 1938 worldwide, but not the Andes. All fall into five groupings, which mostly, but not exclusively, correspond with groupings already devised using biological and taxonomic data. Only 42 percent of the sequences are not recombinant, and all these fall into one or other of three phylogroups; the previously named C (common), O (ordinary), and N (necrotic) groups. There are also two other distinct groups of isolates all of which are recombinant; the R-1 isolates have N (5′ terminal minor) and O (major) parents, and the R-2 isolates have R-1 (major) and N (3′ terminal minor) parents. Many isolates also have additional minor intra- and inter-group recombinant genomic regions. The complex interrelationships between the genomes were resolved by progressively identifying and removing recombinants using partitioned sequences of synonymous codons. Least squared dating and BEAST analyses of two datasets of gene sequences from non-recombinant heterochronously-sampled isolates (seventy-three non-recombinant major ORFs and 166 partial ORFs) found the 95% confidence intervals of the TMRCA estimates overlap around 1,000 CE (Common Era; AD). We attempted to identify the most accurate datings by comparing the estimated phylogenetic dates with historical events in the worldwide adoption of potato and other PVY hosts as crops, but found that more evidence from gene sequences of non-potato isolates, especially from South America, was required.
Consumers’ self-congruence with a “Liked” brand
Authors: Wallace Elaine , Buil Isabel , de Chernatony Leslie 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Brand “Likes” on Facebook facilitate self-expression, forming part of consumers’ virtual selves. Yet, consumers’ brand “Likes” may bear little resemblance to their material realities. This paper aims to test similarities of brand image with self-image for Facebook “Likes” to determine whether self-congruence with a “Liked” brand leads to positive offline brand outcomes. It also investigates whether consumers’ perceptions about their Facebook social relations influence self-congruent brand “Likes”.

Design/methodology/approach
A large-scale survey was conducted of regular Facebook users who “Liked” brands. Data from 438 respondents was analysed and hypotheses tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings
Empirical results show that the perceived self-congruence with a “Liked” brand increases with social tie strength. Perceived social tie strength is informed by perceived attitude homophily. When the perceived self-congruence with a “Liked” brand is higher, brand love and word of mouth (WOM) are enhanced. Consumers also have greater brand loyalty and offer more WOM when brands are loved.

Research limitations/implications
Findings demonstrate the influence of consumers’ cognitive network on “Likes” and brand outcomes. Further replication would enhance generalisability. Future research should use a wider sample and investigate other variables.

Practical implications
Findings support managers seeking to grow and analyse Facebook “Likes” by providing insights into brand loyalty, brand love and WOM for “Liked” brands.

Originality/value
The paper addresses the dearth of research exploring how consumers’ perceptions of their Facebook network influence their online brand behaviour and how perceived self-congruence with a “Liked” brand relates to brand outcomes.
Consumers’ brand identity complexity: conceptualization and predictive ability
Authors: Orth Ulrich R. , Rose Gregory M. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This study aims to integrate Roccas and Brewer’s (2002) social identity complexity theory with the brand symbolism literature to propose a new construct: brand identity complexity (BIC). Different than previous conceptualizations of identity complexity which focus on the degree of internal differentiation of the personal self, BIC focuses on the degree of complexity in the social self and is defined as a consumer’s subjective representation and psychological state of belongingness to multiple identity-constructing brand ingroups. BIC impacts the adoption of new brands as they relate to the social self.

Design/methodology/approach
Three experiments were performed to test BIC’s predictive power. Study 1 measures BIC and tests its influence on the adoption of new brands positioned as unique. Study 2 manipulates BIC through priming and tests its influence on the adoption of new brands that appeal to independence. Study 3 also manipulates BIC and examines its influence on the adoption of brand extensions.

Findings
Study 1 demonstrates that high BIC consumers are more likely to adopt a new brand that appeals to a unique social self. Study 2 shows that high BIC individuals are more likely to adopt a new brand that appeals to an independent self. Study 3 shows that high BIC consumers are more likely to adopt a brand extension with a low fit to the parent category. All three studies offer evidence of the mediating role of identity-driven payoffs.

Research limitations/implications
The findings suggest that individuals perceive their multiple brand ingroups to be more or less complex. This outcome merges the social identity theory with consumer–brand relationship research and adds to an emerging stream of research that explores personal, situational and cultural differences in the social self and its relation to commercial offers.

Practical implications
Marketers can benefit from the findings by better understanding which brand appeals will be more effective with target consumers and under what conditions.

Originality/value
This research develops a conceptual framework for understanding the development of brand ingroup-based identity complexity.
Assessing information on food packages
Authors: Clement Jesper , Smith Viktor , Zlatev Jordan , Gidlöf Kerstin , van de Weijer Joost 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present an experimental study which aims at assessing the potentially misleading effect of graphic elements on food packaging. The authors call these elements potentially misleading elements (PMEs) as they can give customers false expectations. They are either highlighted numerical information (30 per cent fibre, 8 per cent fat, 100 per cent natural […]) or pictorial information with no relation to the product (e.g. images of happy people).

Design/methodology/approach
In a combined decision task monitored by eye-tracking and a subsequence survey, the authors tested the impact of PMEs on common products. Combining different pairs of products, where one product had a PME, whereas the other did not, the authors could evaluate if preference correlated with the presence of a PME.

Findings
The authors found both types of PMEs to have analogous effects on participants’ preferences and correlate with participants’ visual attention. The authors also found evidence for a positive influence on a later explicit justification for the specific choice.

Research limitations/implications
This study was conducted in a lab environment and solely related to health-related decisions. The authors still need to know if these findings are transferable to real in-store decisions and other needs such as high quality or low price. This calls for further research.

Practical implications
The topic is important for food companies, and it might become a priority in managing brand equity, combining consumer preferences, loyalty and communicative fairness.

Originality/value
Using eye-tracking and retrospective interviews brings new insights to consumer’s decision-making and how misleading potentially occurs.