bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circles in areals
Authors: Smith Geoff C. 
Published: June 2016

August Möbius introduced the system of barycentric or areal coordinates in 1827 [1, 2]. The idea is that one may attach weights to points, and that a system of weights determines a centre of mass. Given a triangle ABC, one obtains a coordinate system for the plane by placing weights x, y and z at the vertices (with x + y + z = 1) to describe the point which is the centre of mass. The vertices have coordinates A = (1, 0, 0), B = (0, 1, 0) and C = (0, 0, 1). By scaling so that triangle ABC has area [ABC] = 1, we can take the coordinates of P to be ([PBC], [PCA], [PBA]), provided that we take area to be signed. Our convention is that anticlockwise triangles have positive area.Points inside the triangle have strictly positive coordinates, and points outside the triangle must have at least one negative coordinate (we are allowed negative masses). The equation of a line looks like the equation of a plane in Cartesian coordinates, but note that the equation lx + ly + lz = 0 (with l ≠ 0) is not satisfied by any point (x, y, z) of the Euclidean plane. We use such equations to describe the line at infinity when doing projective geometry.
An infinite product of nested radicals for log x from the Archimedean algorithm
Authors: Osler Thomas J. , Jacob Walter , Nishimura Ryo 
Published: June 2016

The so-called Archimedean iterative algorithm for calculating π uses a method involving the two equations(1)and(2)(Note that (1) is the harmonic mean.) Imagine two regular polygons each with the same number of sides, circumscribed and inscribed to a circle of diameter one. The larger one has perimeter a0, the smaller has perimeter b0. (Archimedes used hexagons with and b0 = 3, but regular polygons of any number of sides can begin the iterations.) Since the perimeter of the circle is π we have b0 < π < a0. Now consider regular polygons with twice the number of sides that circumscribe and inscribe the circle and call their perimeters a1 and b1 respectively. These can be calculated, from (2) and (3). (See [1] for a derivation or many explanations on the web.) Continuing in this way we generate the perimeters of inscribed and circumscribed regular polygons, and in each case the number of sides is twice the sides of the previous polygon.
Plains lubber grasshopper (Brachystola magna) as a potential intermediate host for Oxyspirura petrowi in northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus)
Authors: KISTLER WHITNEY M. , HOCK SABRINA , HERNOUT BEATRICE , BRAKE EVAN , WILLIAMS NIKKI , DOWNING CARSON , DUNHAM NICHOLAS R. , KUMAR NAVEEN , TURAGA UDAY , PARLOS JULIE A. , KENDALL RONALD J. 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYOxyspirura petrowiis a heteroxenous parasitic nematode that has been reported in high prevalences from birds in the Order Galliformes experiencing population declines in the USA. There is a paucity of information regarding the natural historyO. petrowi, including the life cycle and effects of infection on wild bird populations. In order to study the life cycle of this parasite, we collected plains lubber grasshoppers (Brachystola magna) from a field location in Mitchell County, Texas. We found third-stage larvae (L3) in 37.9% (66/174)B. magna. We determined that they wereO. petrowithrough morphological comparison of L3 from experimentally infectedAcheta domesticusand by sequence analysis. Then, we showed thatB. magnaare a potential intermediate hosts forO. petrowiinfections in northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) in a laboratory setting by experimental infection. We first detected shedding of eggs in feces using a fecal float technique 52 days post infection. In addition, we recovered 87O. petrowifrom experimentally infected northern bobwhites. Although we detected shedding in feces, recovery of eggs was low (&gt;5 eggs/g). Future work is needed to understand shedding routes and shedding patterns of northern bobwhites infected withO. petrowi.
Investigating the validity of the species status of the false codling moth in South African deciduous fruit orchards using mating studies andmtDNA
Authors: Mgocheki N. , Addison P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe false codling moth is a polyphagous pest of various kinds or fruit, and it has expanded its geographical distribution and host range. The expanding host range could result in subspecies requiring varied pest management options. Laboratory no-choice cross-mating tests were conducted to establish whetherThaumatotibia leucotretaindividuals from six areas and three host species, in South Africa, share mating characteristics and belong to the same subspecies or strain. The no-choice cross-mating tests indicated that all individuals in self- and out-crosses readily mated within 24 h with those derived from different hosts and areas. ThemtDNA results confirmed that all individuals formed one group or clade. Overall, the results indicate thatT. leucotretaindividuals from the six areas and three host species in the Western Cape Province and two other provinces in South Africa represent a single genetical species. The results imply that similar control options can be effective across host ranges and distribution areas.
Host preference, population growth and injuries assessment ofPolyphagotarsonemus latus(banks) (ACARI: Tarsonemidae) onCapsicum annuumL. Genotypes
Authors: Breda M.O. , de Oliveira J.V. , Esteves Filho A.B. , Barbosa D.R.S. , de Santana M.F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDespite the continued efforts on the search for different genotypes,Capsicum annuum(L.) is quite susceptible to attack by pest arthropods, especially the broad mitePolyphagotarsonemus latusBanks. Thus, the host preference, population growth and the injuries assessment ofP. latuswas studied on sixC. annuumgenotypes used in Brazil (Atlantis, California Wonder, Impact, Palloma, Rubia and Tendence). Host preference was accessed in choice tests, pairing the several genotypes, and the population growth was observed through non-choice tests in laboratory. The injuries assessments were evaluated in the greenhouse, comparing the injury level among the six genotypes. The results indicate that California Wonder and Palloma genotypes were more preferred byP. latus, and Impact and Tendence were less preferred.P. latuspresented positive population growth rates (ri) on all the genotypes, however, Palloma and California Wonder showed the highest values of population growth rate (ri = 0.344 and ri = 0.340, respectively), while Impact had the lowest value (ri = 0.281). All the evaluatedC. annuumgenotypes showed low tolerance toP. latusand exhibited several injuries, but there was no statistical difference between them. California Wonder had the highest average number of mites/leaf (57.15), while Impact and Tendence obtained the lowest values (36.67 and 35.12, respectively) at the end of the evaluation period. The total average of injuries notes at the end of the bioassay did not differ between the genotypes. The number of mites/leaf was growing for the injury scale to the note 3.0, but when the injury scale approached the note 4.0, there was observed a decrease in the number of mites/leaf for all the genotypes.
Prolonged exposure and EMDR for PTSDv. a PTSD waiting-list condition: effects on symptoms of psychosis, depression and social functioning in patients with chronic psychotic disorders
Authors: de Bont P. A. J. M. , van den Berg D. P. G. , van der Vleugel B. M. , de Roos C. , de Jongh A. , van der Gaag M. , van Minnen A. M. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundIn patients with psychotic disorders, the effects of psychological post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment on symptoms of psychosis, depression and social functioning are largely unknownMethodIn a single-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) 155 outpatients in treatment for psychosis (61.3% schizophrenic disorder, 29% schizoaffective disorder) were randomized to eight sessions prolonged exposure (PE;n= 53) or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) (n= 55), or a waiting-list condition (WL,n= 47) for treatment of their co-morbid PTSD. Measures were performed on (1) psychosis: severity of delusions (PSYRATS-DRS), paranoid thoughts (GPTS), auditory verbal hallucinations (PSYRATS-AHRS), and remission from psychotic disorder (SCI-SR-PANSS); (2) depression (BDI-II); (3) social functioning (PSP). Outcomes were compared at baseline, post-treatment, 6-month follow-up and over all data points.ResultsBoth PE and EMDR were significantly associated with less severe paranoid thoughts post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up, and with more patients remitting from schizophrenia, at post-treatment (PE and EMDR) and over time (PE). Moreover, PE was significantly associated with a greater reduction of depression at post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up. Auditory verbal hallucinations and social functioning remained unchanged.ConclusionsIn patients with chronic psychotic disorders PE and EMDR not only reduced PTSD symptoms, but also paranoid thoughts. Importantly, in PE and EMDR more patients accomplished the status of their psychotic disorder in remission. Clinically, these effects are highly relevant and provide empirical support to the notion that delivering PTSD treatment to patients with psychotic disorders and PTSD deserves increasing recognition and acceptance among clinicians.
Effect of water availability and seed source on physical dormancy break of Vicia villosa ssp. villosa
Authors: Renzi Juan P. , Chantre Guillermo R. , Cantamutto Miguel A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPhysical dormancy (PY) plays a crucial role in the control of the reseeding process of Vicia villosa Roth, a winter annual species cultivated for pasture and hay, naturalized in several semi-arid temperate agroecosystems. As PY is considered a seed trait modulated by natural selection, populations from different origins are expected to show different responses to environmental regulatory factors. The present study aimed to determine the effect of: (1) water availability on PY-break dynamics of a naturalized population from Argentina (ASC) under both laboratory and field conditions; (2) the seed source on initial PY and dormancy release rate (wet storage at 20°C) of ASC compared to 45 other populations of V. villosa, including wild, naturalized, landraces and cultivars. Water availability increased PY loss rate under both storage and field conditions. ASC PY-break dynamics was adequately described by a Gompertz model with a lower thermal-time requirement estimated for dormancy break under fluctuating soil water conditions compared to seeds buried inside impermeable bags. During the field burial experiment, a considerable proportion of seeds (~70%) became water permeable during the summer season after dispersal, and retained low levels of residual PY for soil seed bank replenishment. Improved populations (i.e. breeding cultivars) showed the lowest percentages of initial PY compared to landraces, naturalized and wild populations. Naturalized populations of Argentina showed similar initial PY compared to landraces, although PY release rate was lower in the former and might be attributed to local environmental selection. Wild types showed the lowest PY release rates.
Pester power and its consequences: do European children’s food purchasing requests relate to diet and weight outcomes?
Authors: Huang Christina Y , Reisch Lucia A , Gwozdz Wencke , Molnár Dénes , Konstabel Kenn , Michels Nathalie , Tornaritis Michalis , Eiben Gabriele , Siani Alfonso , Fernández-Alvira Juan M , Ahrens Wolfgang , Pigeot Iris , Lissner Lauren 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveChildren may influence household spending through ‘pester power’. The present study examined pestering through parent–child food shopping behaviours in relation to children’s diet and weight status.DesignCross-sectional and prospective analyses drawn from the IDEFICS study, a cohort study of parents and their children. Children’s height and weight were measured and their recent diets were reported by parental proxy based on the Children’s Eating Habits Questionnaire-FFQ at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Parents also completed questionnaires at both time points about pestering, including whether the child goes grocery shopping with them, asks for items seen on television and is bought requested food items.SettingParticipants were recruited from eight European countries for the IDEFICS study (non-nationally representative sample).SubjectsStudy participants were children aged 2–9 years at enrolment and their parents. A total of 13 217 parent–child dyads were included at baseline. Two years later, 7820 of the children were re-examined.ResultsMost parents (63 %) at baseline reported ‘sometimes’ acquiescing to their children’s requests to purchase specific foods. Pestering was modestly associated with weight and diet. At baseline, children whose parents ‘often’ complied consumed more high-sugar and high-fat foods. Children who ‘often’ asked for items seen on television were likely to become overweight after 2 years (OR=1·31), whereas ‘never’ asking protected against overweight (OR=0·72).ConclusionsPestering was modestly related to diet and weight in cross-sectional, but not longitudinal analyses. Asking for items seen on television had the most robust relationships across child outcomes and over time.
The Dark Triad and Trait Versus Ability Emotional	Intelligence
Authors: Jauk Emanuel , Freudenthaler H. Harald , Neubauer Aljoscha C. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. A growing body of studies investigates emotional intelligence (EI) in relation to the Dark Triad (DT) personality traits. DT traits seem to be generally associated with lower EI, but findings are still inconsistent, especially with respect to narcissism. The vast majority of studies investigating EI correlates of DT traits relied on self-report measures in terms of trait EI. Currently, there are only sparse reports of relationships between DT traits, trait EI, and performance measures of ability EI. Thus, we investigated the relationships between these constructs in a sample of N = 540 individuals. We performed analyses separately for both sexes as recent research indicates that correlations might differ between women and men. Results showed that in women, reduced trait and ability EI are linked to psychopathy, but not the other DT traits. In men, the pattern of results was more complex: Narcissism was primarily related to lower ability EI, whereas psychopathy was primarily associated with lower trait EI. Machiavellianism was related to higher levels of trait EI in men. These findings suggest that among the DT traits, psychopathy goes along with reduced EI in women, whereas in men narcissism is associated with lower ability EI.
A luciferin analogue generating near-infrared bioluminescence achieves highly sensitive deep-tissue imaging
Authors: Kuchimaru Takahiro , Iwano Satoshi , Kiyama Masahiro , Mitsumata Shun , Kadonosono Tetsuya , Niwa Haruki , Maki Shojiro , Kizaka-Kondoh Shinae 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn preclinical cancer research, bioluminescence imaging with firefly luciferase and D-luciferin has become a standard to monitor biological processes both in vitro and in vivo. However, the emission maximum (λmax) of bioluminescence produced by D-luciferin is 562 nm where light is not highly penetrable in biological tissues. This emphasizes a need for developing a red-shifted bioluminescence imaging system to improve detection sensitivity of targets in deep tissue. Here we characterize the bioluminescent properties of the newly synthesized luciferin analogue, AkaLumine-HCl. The bioluminescence produced by AkaLumine-HCl in reactions with native firefly luciferase is in the near-infrared wavelength ranges (λmax=677 nm), and yields significantly increased target-detection sensitivity from deep tissues with maximal signals attained at very low concentrations, as compared with D-luciferin and emerging synthetic luciferin CycLuc1. These characteristics offer a more sensitive and accurate method for non-invasive bioluminescence imaging with native firefly luciferase in various animal models.
Failure mechanisms of single-crystal silicon electrodes in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Shi Feifei , Song Zhichao , Ross Philip N. , Somorjai Gabor A. , Ritchie Robert O. , Komvopoulos Kyriakos 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLong-term durability is a major obstacle limiting the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries in heavy-duty applications and others demanding extended lifetime. As one of the root causes of the degradation of battery performance, the electrode failure mechanisms are still unknown. In this paper, we reveal the fundamental fracture mechanisms of single-crystal silicon electrodes over extended lithiation/delithiation cycles, using electrochemical testing, microstructure characterization, fracture mechanics and finite element analysis. Anisotropic lithium invasion causes crack initiation perpendicular to the electrode surface, followed by growth through the electrode thickness. The low fracture energy of the lithiated/unlithiated silicon interface provides a weak microstructural path for crack deflection, accounting for the crack patterns and delamination observed after repeated cycling. On the basis of this physical understanding, we demonstrate how electrolyte additives can heal electrode cracks and provide strategies to enhance the fracture resistance in future lithium-ion batteries from surface chemical, electrochemical and material science perspectives.
Homeobox NKX2-3 promotes marginal-zone lymphomagenesis by activating B-cell receptor signalling and shaping lymphocyte dynamics
Authors: Robles Eloy F. , Mena-Varas Maria , Barrio Laura , Merino-Cortes Sara V. , Balogh Péter , Du Ming-Qing , Akasaka Takashi , Parker Anton , Roa Sergio , Panizo Carlos , Martin-Guerrero Idoia , Siebert Reiner , Segura Victor , Agirre Xabier , Macri-Pellizeri Laura , Aldaz Beatriz , Vilas-Zornoza Amaia , Zhang Shaowei , Moody Sarah , Calasanz Maria Jose , Tousseyn Thomas , Broccardo Cyril , Brousset Pierre , Campos-Sanchez Elena , Cobaleda Cesar , Sanchez-Garcia Isidro , Fernandez-Luna Jose Luis , Garcia-Muñoz Ricardo , Pena Esther , Bellosillo Beatriz , Salar Antonio , Baptista Maria Joao , Hernandez-Rivas Jesús Maria , Gonzalez Marcos , Terol Maria Jose , Climent Joan , Ferrandez Antonio , Sagaert Xavier , Melnick Ari M. , Prosper Felipe , Oscier David G. , Carrasco Yolanda R. , Dyer Martin J. S. , Martinez-Climent Jose A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNKX2 homeobox family proteins have a role in cancer development. Here we show that NKX2-3 is overexpressed in tumour cells from a subset of patients with marginal-zone lymphomas, but not with other B-cell malignancies. While Nkx2-3-deficient mice exhibit the absence of marginal-zone B cells, transgenic mice with expression of NKX2-3 in B cells show marginal-zone expansion that leads to the development of tumours, faithfully recapitulating the principal clinical and biological features of human marginal-zone lymphomas. NKX2-3 induces B-cell receptor signalling by phosphorylating Lyn/Syk kinases, which in turn activate multiple integrins (LFA-1, VLA-4), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, MadCAM-1) and the chemokine receptor CXCR4. These molecules enhance migration, polarization and homing of B cells to splenic and extranodal tissues, eventually driving malignant transformation through triggering NF-κB and PI3K-AKT pathways. This study implicates oncogenic NKX2-3 in lymphomagenesis, and provides a valid experimental mouse model for studying the biology and therapy of human marginal-zone B-cell lymphomas.
A microchip platform for structural oncology applications
Authors: Winton Carly E , Gilmore Brian L , Demmert Andrew C , Karageorge Vasilea , Sheng Zhi , Kelly Deborah F 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRecent advances in the development of functional materials offer new tools to dissect human health and disease mechanisms. The use of tunable surfaces is especially appealing as substrates can be tailored to fit applications involving specific cell types or tissues. Here we use tunable materials to facilitate the three-dimensional (3D) analysis of BRCA1 gene regulatory complexes derived from human cancer cells. We employed a recently developed microchip platform to isolate BRCA1 protein assemblies natively formed in breast cancer cells with and without BRCA1 mutations. The captured assemblies proved amenable to cryo-electron microscopy (EM) imaging and downstream computational analysis. Resulting 3D structures reveal the manner in which wild-type BRCA1 engages the RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) core complex that contained K63-linked ubiquitin moieties—a putative signal for DNA repair. Importantly, we also determined that molecular assemblies harboring the BRCA15382insC mutation exhibited altered protein interactions and ubiquitination patterns compared to wild-type complexes. Overall, our analyses proved optimal for developing new structural oncology applications involving patient-derived cancer cells, while expanding our knowledge of BRCA1’s role in gene regulatory events.
Novel high throughput pooled shRNA screening identifies NQO1 as a potential drug target for host directed therapy for tuberculosis
Authors: Li Qing , Karim Ahmad F. , Ding Xuedong , Das Biswajit , Dobrowolski Curtis , Gibson Richard M. , Quiñones-Mateu Miguel E. , Karn Jonathan , Rojas Roxana E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChemical regulation of macrophage function is one key strategy for developing host-directed adjuvant therapies for tuberculosis (TB). A critical step to develop these therapies is the identification and characterization of specific macrophage molecules and pathways with a high potential to serve as drug targets. Using a barcoded lentivirus-based pooled short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) library combined with next generation sequencing, we identified 205 silenced host genes highly enriched in mycobacteria-resistant macrophages. Twenty-one of these “hits” belonged to the oxidoreductase functional category. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) was the top oxidoreductase “hit”. NQO1 expression was increased after mycobacterial infection, and NQO1 knockdown increased macrophage differentiation, NF-κB activation, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in response to infection. This suggests that mycobacteria hijacks NQO1 to down-regulate pro-inflammatory and anti-bacterial functions. The competitive inhibitor of NQO1 dicoumarol synergized with rifampin to promote intracellular killing of mycobacteria. Thus, NQO1 is a new host target in mycobacterial infection that could potentially be exploited to increase antibiotic efficacy in vivo. Our findings also suggest that pooled shRNA libraries could be valuable tools for genome-wide screening in the search for novel druggable host targets for adjunctive TB therapies.