bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the NCCN‐IPI for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL): the addition of β2‐microglobulin yields a more accurate GELTAMO‐IPI
Authors: Montalbán Carlos , Díaz‐López Antonio , Dlouhy Ivan , Rovira Jordina , Lopez‐Guillermo Armando , Alonso Sara , Martín Alejandro , Sancho Juan M. , García Olga , Sánchez Jose M. , Rodríguez Mario , Novelli Silvana , Salar Antonio , Gutiérrez Antonio , Rodríguez‐Salazar Maria J. , Bastos Mariana , Domínguez Juan F. , Fernández Rubén , Gonzalez de Villambrosia Sonia , Queizan José A. , Córdoba Raul , de Oña Raquel , López‐Hernandez Andrés , Freue Julian M. , Garrote Heidys , López Lourdes , Martin‐Moreno Ana M. , Rodriguez Jose , Abraira Víctor , García Juan F. ,   the GELTAMO‐IPI Project Investigators
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe study included 1848 diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL)patients treated with chemotherapy/rituximab. The aims were to validate the National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN‐IPI) and explore the effect of adding high Beta‐2 microglobulin (β2M), primary extranodal presentation and intense treatment to the NCCN‐IPI variables in order to develop an improved index. Comparing survival curves, NCCN‐IPI discriminated better than IPI, separating four risk groups with 5‐year overall survival rates of 93%, 83%, 67% and 49%, but failing to identify a true high‐risk population. For the second aim the series was split into training and validation cohorts: in the former the multivariate model identified age, lactate dehydrogenase, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, Stage III‐IV, and β2M as independently significant, whereas the NCCN‐IPI‐selected extranodal sites, primary extranodal presentation and intense treatments were not. These results were confirmed in the validation cohort. The Grupo Español de Linfomas/Trasplante de Médula ósea (GELTAMO)‐IPI developed here, with 7 points, significantly separated four risk groups (0, 1–3, 4 or ≥5 points) with 11%, 58%, 17% and 14% of patients, and 5‐year overall survival rates of 93%, 79%, 66% and 39%, respectively. In the comparison GELTAMO IPI discriminated better than the NCCN‐IPI. In conclusion, GELTAMO‐IPI is more accurate than the NCCN‐IPI and has statistical and practical advantages in that the better discrimination identifies an authentic high‐risk group and is not influenced by primary extranodal presentation or treatments of different intensity.
Guidelines for screening and management of late and long‐term consequences of myeloma and its treatment
Authors: Snowden John A. , Greenfield Diana M. , Bird Jennifer M. , Boland Elaine , Bowcock Stella , Fisher Abigail , Low Eric , Morris Monica , Yong Kwee , Pratt Guy ,   the UK Myeloma Forum (UKMF) and the British Society for Haematology (BSH)
Published: January 2017

SummaryA growing population of long‐term survivors of myeloma is now accumulating the ‘late effects’ not only of myeloma itself, but also of several lines of treatment given throughout the course of the disease. It is thus important to recognise the cumulative burden of the disease and treatment‐related toxicity in both the stable and active phases of myeloma, some of which is unlikely to be detected by routine monitoring. We summarise here the evidence for the key late effects in long‐term survivors of myeloma, including physical and psychosocial consequences (in Parts 1 and 2 respectively), and recommend the use of late‐effects screening protocols in detection and intervention. The early recognition of late effects and effective management strategies should lead to an improvement in the management of myeloma patients, although evidence in this area is currently limited and further research is warranted.
Subsequent malignancies among long‐term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis of German cancer registry data (1990–2012)
Authors: Baras Nadia , Dahm Stefan , Haberland Jörg , Janz Martin , Emrich Katharina , Kraywinkel Klaus , Salama Abdulgabar 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe increased risk of subsequent primary malignancies (SPM) in survivors of adult‐onset Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) remains a challenging clinical problem worldwide. The German cancer registry database, pooled from 14 federal states, was used to calculate the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and excess absolute risk (EAR) of SPM in 128 587 patients registered with first primary HL/NHL between 1990 and 2012. Conversely, SIRs were also calculated for a subsequent HL/NHL following other first cancers. The risk of developing SPM was significantly increased over twofold for HL survivors (SIR = 2·14, EAR = 51·87 cases/10 000 person‐years) and 1·5‐fold for NHL survivors (SIR = 1·48, EAR = 55·23) compared with the general German population. For solid cancers, SIRs were significantly elevated (1·6‐ and 1·4‐fold; respectively) and were highest (threefold) in patients below 30 years of age upon initial diagnosis. Overall, SIRs were consistently elevated for lip/oral cavity, colon/rectum, lung, skin melanoma, breast, kidney and thyroid. Significantly increased SIRs for oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, testis, prostate, and brain/central nervous system were observed following NHL only. For certain SPM, SIRs remained significantly elevated more than 10 years following HL/NHL diagnosis. Positive reciprocal associations were demonstrated between HL/NHL and several solid cancers mentioned above; for some, common aetiological mechanisms seem plausible.
Development of anti‐immigrant attitudes in adolescence: The role of parents, peers, intergroup friendships, and empathy
Authors: Miklikowska Marta 
Published: January 2017

Ethnic and racial intergroup attitudes are assumed to develop due to the influence of socialization contexts. However, there is still little longitudinal evidence supporting this claim. We also know little about the relative importance of socialization contexts, the possible interplay between them as well as about the conditions and mechanisms that might underlie socialization effects. This longitudinal study of adolescents (N = 517) examined the effects of parents and peers’ anti‐immigrant attitudes as well as intergroup friendships on relative changes in adolescents’ anti‐immigrant prejudice, controlling for the effects of socioeconomic background. It also examined whether the effects of parents or peers would depend on adolescents’ intergroup friendships. In addition, it explored whether the effects of parents, peers, and intergroup friendships would be mediated or moderated by adolescents’ empathy. Results showed significant effects of parents, peers, intergroup friendships, and socioeconomic background on changes in youth attitudes, highlighting the role of parental prejudice. They also showed adolescents with immigrant friends to be less affected by parents and peers’ prejudice than youth without immigrant friends. In addition, results showed the effects of parents, peers, and intergroup friendships to be mediated by adolescents’ empathic concern. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
What do popular YouTubeTM videos say about vaccines?
Authors: Basch C. H. , Zybert P. , Reeves R. , Basch C. E. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe unregulated social network YouTubeTM has become an increasingly popular source of information on health topics such as vaccine safety. With a reach of over one billion users per month, the potential for misinformation is significant.MethodsUsing the keywords ‘vaccine safety’ and ‘vaccines and children’, 87 of the most widely viewed YouTubeTM videos were identified and analyzed for content, author status and view count.ResultsThe range of view counts was 25 532 to 6 229 835, with a median of 62 075 views per video. Most videos (n = 74, 85.1%) were devoted exclusively to the topic of vaccination.The three most common sources of these YouTubeTM videos were consumers (27.6%), TV‐based or Internet‐based news (26.4%) and individual health professionals (25.3%). Top topics covered were autism causality (47.1% of videos), undisclosed or poorly understood risks (42.5%), adverse reactions (40.2%) and thimerosol or mercury in vaccines (36.8%). The majority of videos (65.5%) discouraged the use of vaccines.ConclusionHealth professionals should be aware of the widely disseminated vaccination information available on the Internet and should appreciate its possible effect on the public.
What Is the Long‐Run Impact of Learning Mathematics During Preschool?
Authors: Watts Tyler W. , Duncan Greg J. , Clements Douglas H. , Sarama Julie 
Published: January 2017

The current study estimated the causal links between preschool mathematics learning and late elementary school mathematics achievement using variation in treatment assignment to an early mathematics intervention as an instrument for preschool mathematics change. Estimates indicate (n = 410) that a standard deviation of intervention‐produced change at age 4 is associated with a 0.24‐SD gain in achievement in late elementary school. This impact is approximately half the size of the association produced by correlational models relating later achievement to preschool math change, and is approximately 35% smaller than the effect reported by highly controlled ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models (Claessens et al., 2009; Watts et al., ) using national data sets. Implications for developmental theory and practice are discussed.
Pathway planning with unaccompanied young people leaving care: Biographical narratives of past, present, and future.
Authors: Devenney Kelly 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article presents findings from a qualitative study with Unaccompanied Young People (UYP) who have sought asylum alone in the UK without a parent or guardian. The findings explore how UYP create biographical narratives of their past, present, and future as they prepare to leave care, suggesting that UYP who have settled immigration status create coherent biographical narratives that reconcile the past with a positive imagined future. Themes of return and reciprocity emerged in their narratives as they developed aspirations to reunite with their families and return support received in the past by succeeding in education and careers. Unaccompanied young people who did not have settled status struggled to create biographical narratives and could not imagine the future or the past. These findings have significant implications for pathway planning with UYP, suggesting the need to recognise the interconnected nature of the past, present, and future as well as the role of families and education in future plans. Pathway planning for UYP with uncertain immigration status can be complex as young people struggle to maintain a biographical narrative. Further research is necessary to support young people and professionals with these challenges.
Association of genetic variation with blood pressure traits among East Africans
Authors: Kayima J. , Liang J. , Natanzon Y. , Nankabirwa J. , Ssinabulya I. , Nakibuuka J. , Katamba A. , Mayanja‐Kizza H. , Miron A. , Li C. , Zhu X. 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionGenetic variation may play explain some of the disparity in prevalence and control of hypertension across Sub‐Saharan Africa. However, there have been very few studies to characterize genetic variation of blood pressure traits.AimTo determine whether a set of blood pressure‐associated genetic loci can be replicated among samples East African samples.MethodsTwenty‐seven blood pressures (BP)‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped among 2881 samples from participants in the Medical Education Partnership Initiative for Cardiovascular Disease (MEPI‐CVD) survey. Associations with known BP variants were evaluated for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) as continuous variables and for hypertension (HTN) as a binary variable.ResultsEleven SNPS were associated with at least 1 BP trait (P < .05). Four SNPs; rs2004776, rs7726475, rs11837544 and rs2681492, whose nearest genes are AGT, NPR3/SUB1, PLXNC1 and ATP2B1, respectively, were associated with SBP. Six SNPs, rs2004776, rs11977526, rs11191548, rs381815, rs2681492 and rs1327235, close to AGT, IGFBP3, CYP17A1, PLEKHA7, ATP2B1 and JAG, respectively, were associated with DBP while 2 SNPs located within AGT and IGFBP‐3 genes associated with HTN. For PP, 4 variants rs1458038, rs11725861, rs7726475 and rs11953630 whose corresponding genes are FGF5, CHIC2, SUB1/NPR3 and EBF1 reached significance (P < .05). Eight SNPs were replicated in the same effect direction as the parent studies. Risk scores defined using published effect sizes were significantly associated with both SBP (P = .0026) and DBP (P = .0214).ConclusionThe replication of multiple BP variants among East Africans suggests that these variants may have universal effects across ethnic populations.
The increased expression of TCF3 is correlated with poor prognosis in Chinese patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Shen X. , Yuan J. , Zhang M. , Li W. , Ni B. , Wu Y. , Jiang L. , Fan W. , Tian Z. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesRegulatory factors controlling stem cell identity and self‐renewal are often active in aggressive cancers and are thought to promote cancer growth and progression. B‐cell‐specific transcription factor 3 (TCF3/E2A) is a member of the T‐cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factor family that is central to regulating epidermal and embryonic stem cell identity. It has been reported that TCF3 was connected with the development and progression of a number of human cancers. In this study, we aimed to identify the expression of TCF3 in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evaluate its clinical significance.DesignTo investigate the expression of TCF3 in NPC and its relationship to prognosis.SettingAn in vitro study.Main outcome measuresWe analysed the expression of TCF3 in NPC and in non‐tumourous nasopharyngeal tissues by quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blotting. The expression patterns of TCF3 in 117 archived paraffin‐embedded NPC specimens were characterised by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between the TCF3 protein expression and the clinicopathological features of NPC was analysed.ResultsWe observed that TCF3 had a higher expression in NPC than in non‐tumourous nasopharyngeal tissues of 117 archived paraffin‐embedded NPC specimens, and 80 (68.4%) biopsy tissues revealed high levels of TCF3 expression. Furthermore, statistical analyses demonstrated that the increased expression of TCF3 was closely related to clinical stage, locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis of NPC. NPC patients with high levels of TCF3 expression had a shorter survival time, whereas patients with lower levels of TCF3 expression survived longer. Moreover, multivariate analysis suggested that the upregulation of TCF3 was a critical prognostic factor for NPC.ConclusionsOur observations suggest, for the first time, that TCF3 is significantly associated with the development and progression of NPC, which can be used as an important prognostic marker for patients with NPC and may be an effective target for the treatment of NPC.
Altered walking strategy and increased unsteadiness in participants with impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes relates to small‐fibre neuropathy but not vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Almurdhi M. M. , Brown S. J. , Bowling F. L. , Boulton A. J. M. , Jeziorska M. , Malik R. A. , Reeves N. D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimsTo investigate alterations in walking strategy and dynamic sway (unsteadiness) in people with impaired glucose tolerance and people with Type 2 diabetes in relation to severity of neuropathy and vitamin D levels.MethodsA total of 20 people with Type 2 diabetes, 20 people with impaired glucose tolerance and 20 people without either Type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (control group) underwent gait analysis using a motion analysis system and force platforms, and detailed assessment of neuropathy and serum 25 hydroxy‐vitamin D levels.ResultsAnkle strength (P = 0.01) and power (P = 0.003) during walking and walking speed (P = 0.008) were preserved in participants with impaired glucose tolerance but significantly lower in participants with Type 2 diabetes compared with control participants; however, step width (P = 0.005) and dynamic medio‐lateral sway (P = 0.007) were significantly higher and posterior maximal movement (P = 0.000) was lower in participants with impaired glucose tolerance, but preserved in those with Type 2 diabetes compared with the control group. Dynamic medio‐lateral sway correlated with corneal nerve fibre length (P = 0.001) and corneal nerve branch density (P = 0.001), but not with vibration perception threshold (P = 0.19). Serum 25 hydroxy‐vitamin D levels did not differ significantly among the groups (P = 0.10) and did not correlate with any walking variables or measures of dynamic sway.ConclusionsEarly abnormalities in walking strategy and dynamic sway were evident in participants with impaired glucose tolerance, whilst there was a reduction in ankle strength, power and walking speed in participants with Type 2 diabetes. Unsteadiness correlated with small‐, but not large‐fibre neuropathy and there was no relationship between vitamin D levels and walking variables.
A composite autonomic index as unitary metric for heart rate variability: a proof of concept
Authors: Sala Roberto , Malacarne Mara , Solaro Nadia , Pagani Massimo , Lucini Daniela 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis study addresses whether a unitary cardiac autonomic nervous system index (ANSI), obtained combining multiple metrics from heart rate variability (HRV) into a radar plot could provide an easy appreciation of autonomic performance in a clinical setting.Materials and MethodsData are standardized using percentile ranking of autonomic proxies from a relatively large reference population (n = 1593, age 39 ± 13 years). Autonomic indices are obtained from autoregressive spectral analysis of (ECG derived) HRV at rest and during standing up. A reduced ANSI (using RR, RR variance and rest–stand difference of LFnu) is then constructed as a radar plot, quantified according to its combined area and tested against different risk subgroups.ResultsWith growing risk profile, there is a marked reduction of the rank value of ANSI, quantified individually by the radar plot area. The practical usefulness of the approach was tested in small groups of additional subjects putatively characterized by elevated or poor autonomic performance. Data show that elite endurance athletes are characterized by elevated values of ANSI (80·6 ± 14·9, P < 0·001) while subjects with either Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes show lower values (DM1 = 37·0 ± 18·9 and DM2 = 26·8 ± 23·3, P = 0·002), and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) represent a nadir (17 ± 20, P < 0·001).ConclusionsThis observational study shows the feasibility of testing simpler metrics of cardiac autonomic regulation based on a multivariate unitary index in a preventive setting. This simple approach might foster a wider application of HRV in the clinical arena, and permit an easier appreciation of autonomic performance.
Paraoxonase‐1 activity is related to Trichinella spiralis‐induced hepatitis in rats
Authors: Farid Ayman Samir , Fath Eman Mohamed , Mido Shogo , Nonaka Nariaki , Horii Yoichiro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the potential adverse effects of a chronic zoonotic nematode Trichinella spiralis infection on hepatic inflammation and its relationship to paraoxonase (PON)‐1 and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effects of T. spiralis infection on hepatic synthesis of PON1.MethodsWistar rats were infected with 2500 first‐stage larvae (L1) of T. spiralis, and serum PON1 and BuChE activities were evaluated. Hepatic expression levels of PON1, BuChE and various cytokines and chemokines [interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α, and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1] were evaluated for up to 9 weeks post‐infection (p.i.). The effect of these changes on the degree of hepatic apoptosis was also investigated.ResultsTrichinella spiralis infection in rats induced significant decreases in serum PON1 activities from day 2 until week 7 p.i. and BuChE activity starting from day 4 until 2 weeks p.i. Moreover, T. spiralis infection increased serum pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1, IL‐6 and TNF‐α as well as chemokines MCP‐1, MIP‐1α and TGF‐β1 during the enteral phase of the parasite life cycle. The anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐10 showed significant increases during the enteral phase for the former and the muscle phase for the latter. These were associated with hepatic inflammation and apoptosis. These events typically decreased hepatic PON1 and BuChE mRNA expression.ConclusionsImmune responses mounted against T. spiralis infection in rats were associated with hepatic inflammation and a subsequent decrease in serum PON1 and BuChE activities.
A demographic approach to evaluating the impact of stressors on bumble bee colonies
Authors: CRESSWELL JAMES E. 
Published: January 2017

1. Natural and anthropogenic stressors threaten the sustainability of bumble bees and evaluating their impact is essential to the stewardship of these valuable pollinators. Demographic modelling provides a framework for testing hypotheses about the impacts of stressors, but it has not previously been applied to bumble bees.2. I therefore formulated a demographic model for a bumble bee colony and then quantified the impact of two stressors, pesticide exposure and spider predation, by perturbing it with their known effects.3. By simulating a laboratory exposure ofBombus terrestrisL. to dietary imidacloprid (a neonicotinoid insecticide), I tested whether the observed colony decline was explained solely by a toxic effect on the fecundity of the foundress queen. By simulating field observations ofB. terricolaKirby, I tested whether predation by crab spiders reduced colony fitness sufficiently to provide an adaptive explanation for avoidance behaviours seen when bumble bees encounter spiders.4. InB. terrestris, a dose‐appropriate decrease in fecundity predicted the observed colony decline, which implicates this as a principal mechanism of toxicity. InB. terricola, doubling the rate of spider predation reduced a colony's production of new queens by 11%, which implies that spider avoidance is highly adaptive.5. These analyses illustrate the utility of demographic modelling for quantifying the impacts of stressors on bumble bees. In the future, models of this type could be used to investigate a wider range of stressors and to produce thereby knowledge and tools useful for safeguarding bumble bees and the pollination services that they provide.