bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edge influence on plant litter biomass in forest and savanna in the Brazilian cerrado
Authors: Dodonov Pavel , Braga Andreza L. , Harper Karen A. , Silva Matos Dalva M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEdge influence, characterized by differences in ecosystem characteristics between the edge and the interior of remnants in fragmented landscapes, affects a variety of organisms and ecosystem processes. An important feature that may be affected by edges is the amount of plant litter, which provides important habitat for a large variety of organisms and influences ecological processes such as fire dynamics. We studied edge influence on plant litter and fine woody debris in the cerrado of São Paulo state, south‐eastern Brazil. We collected, sorted, dried and weighed plant litter along 180 m‐long transects perpendicular to three savanna and eleven forest edges adjacent to different anthropogenic land uses, with four to five transect per edge. There tended to be less biomass of the finer portions of fine woody debris at both savanna and forest edges. Graminoid litter at savanna edges was greater than in the corresponding interior areas, whereas other litter portions were either unaffected by edges or did not show consistent patterns in either savanna or forest. Edge influence was usually restricted to the first 20 m from the edge, was not influenced by edge characteristics and exhibited no clear differences between savanna and forest areas. Several mechanisms may have led to the variable patterns observed including variation in the plant community, plant architecture, and invasive species. The edge‐related variation in plant litter may putatively lead to, for example, increased fire frequency and intensity at the savanna edges and altered trophic dynamics at forest edges; the mechanisms and consequences of this edge influence should be addressed in future studies.
A narrative review: The effects of opioids on sleep disordered breathing in chronic pain patients and methadone maintained patients
Authors: Hassamal Sameer , Miotto Karen , Wang Tisha , Saxon Andrew J. 
Published: August 2016

Background and ObjectivesOpioids increase the risk for sleep disordered breathing (SDB), but there are few studies examining the prevalence and risk factors for SDB, specifically central sleep apnea (CSA), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in chronic pain patients on opioids as well as methadone maintained patients (MMPs).MethodsA literature review was conducted in which SDB was confirmed by polysomnography (PSG) in chronic pain patients on opioids as well as patients with a diagnosis of an opioid use disorder or opioid dependence on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).ResultsAbout 22 reports were included. Six were with MMPs, and 16 were with chronic pain patients on opioids. Among MMPs, the prevalence of SDB ranged from 42.3% to 70%; 0–60% had CSA and 10–35.2% had OSA. In chronic pain patients on opioids, the prevalence of SDB ranged from 71% to 100%; 17–80% had CSA and 20–39% had OSA. In MMPs, studies found a positive association between BMI, weight gain, duration of MMT, non‐Caucasian race and the number of obstructive apneas, as well as blood methadone concentrations and the number of central apneas. In chronic pain patients on opioids, older age, higher BMI, male gender, and higher opioid doses predicted more obstructive apneas; older age, lower BMI, male gender, higher pain levels, higher benzodiazepine doses, and higher opioid doses predicted more central apneas.Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceCSA and OSA are common in MMPs and chronic pain patients on opioids. Among chronic pain patients, higher opioid doses appear to be a risk factor for CSA, and to a lesser extent OSA. Therefore, it is important for providers to screen these patient populations for SDB. (Am J Addict 2016;25:452–465)
Review article: the pathogenesis of pouchitis
Authors: Schieffer K. M. , Williams E. D. , Yochum G. S. , Koltun W. A. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundA total proctocolectomy followed by ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis is a potentially curative surgery for ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis. About 5–35% of patients with ulcerative colitis and 0–11% of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis develop subsequent inflammation of the ileal pouch termed pouchitis.AimTo provide a comprehensive analysis of the research studying the possible pathogenesis of pouchitis. The goals were to identify promising areas of investigation, to help focus clinicians, researchers and patients on how to better understand and then potentially manage ileal pouchitis, and to provide avenues for future research investigations.MethodsThis review examined manuscripts from 1981 to 2015 that discussed and/or proposed hypotheses with supportive evidence for the potential underlying pathogenic mechanism for pouchitis.ResultsThe pathogenesis of pouchitis is not definitively understood, but various hypotheses have been proposed, including (i) recurrence of ulcerative colitis, (ii) dysbiosis of the ileal pouch microbiota, (iii) deprivation of nutritional short‐chain fatty acids, (iv) mucosal ischaemia and oxygen‐free radical injury, (v) host genetic susceptibility and (vi) immune dysregulation. However, none of these alone are able to fully explain pouchitis pathogenesis.ConclusionsPouchitis, similar to inflammatory bowel disease, is a complex disorder that is not caused by any one single factor. More likely, pouchitis occurs through a combination of both dysregulated host inflammatory mechanisms and interaction with luminal microbiota.
Successful treatment of limy bile syndrome extending to the common bile duct by laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration: A case report and literature review
Authors: Masuda Yuka , Mizuguchi Yoshiaki , Kanda Tomohiro , Furuki Hiroyasu , Mamada Yasuhiro , Taniai Nobuhiko , Nakamura Yoshiharu , Yoshioka Masato , Matsushita Akira , Kawano Yoichi , Shimizu Tetsuya , Uchida Eiji 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLimy bile syndrome extending to the common bile duct (CBD) is a rare condition that lacks a standardized treatment. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with laparoscopic choledocholithotomy by CBD exploration is preferred because it preserves the function of the sphincter of the Vater's papilla and allows treatment of both lesions. A 37‐year‐old man who was receiving entecavir for chronic hepatitis B developed right upper quadrant pain. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a calcified shadow in the gallbladder and CBD. Abdominal imaging revealed a liquid‐like material identified by a calcified shadow in two phases separated by a fluid‐fluid level. Abdominal and 3‐D drip infusion cholangiography CT showed stones in the gallbladder and CBD with limy bile. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy. Intraoperatively, white–yellow‐colored bile and stones were drained from the CBD. A C‐tube was placed. Postoperatively, remnant stones and radiopaque materials were absent. The stones comprised of >95% calcium carbonate.
Microanatomy of the digestive system of Supachai's caecilian,Ichthyophis supachaiiTaylor, 1960 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)
Authors: Muikham Itsares , Srakaew Nopparat , Chatchavalvanich Kannika , Chumnanpuen Pramote 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe gross anatomy and microanatomy of the digestive system ofIchthyophis supachaiiwere investigated. The microscopic structures of the digestive system are similar to those in other caecilians. Functional and developing teeth are present in adults. The tongue contains the genioglossus muscle. The digestive tract is elongated and consists of the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia/serosa. The oesophagus contains longitudinal folds and lacks oesophageal glands. We report for the first time the caecilian gastric rugae and specific localization of oxynticopeptic cells in the anterior gastric region. The intestinal folds are exclusively present in the anterior intestinal region. The liver comprises 30–40 incomplete hepatic lobes, lying in an imbricate manner. Each lobe is enveloped by haematopoietic tissue that produces and delivers blood cells into sinusoids. Hepatic parenchyma is organized into anastomosing, two‐cell‐thick plates, having sinusoids at the basal domain and bile canaliculi at the apical domain of hepatocytes. Pigment cells are scattered inside sinusoids. The pancreas contains pancreatic acini interspersed with islets of Langerhans. The gallbladder proper is thin and continuous with the cystic duct wall. Neutral and carboxylated acid mucosubstances are secreted along the digestive tract, while sulphated mucosubstances are not produced by the stomach and anterior intestinal regions.
Pharmacological Value of Murine Delayed‐type Hypersensitivity Arthritis: A Robust Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Atkinson Sara Marie , Nansen Anneline 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this MiniReview, we summarize the body of knowledge on the delayed‐type hypersensitivity arthritis (DTHA) model, a recently developed arthritis model with 100% incidence, low variation and synchronized onset in C57BL/6 (B6) mice, and compare it to other murine arthritis models. It is desirable to have robust arthritis models in B6 mice, as many transgene strains are bred on this background. However, several of the most widely used mouse model of arthritis cannot be induced in B6 mice without the drawback of lower incidence, reduced severity and higher variation, if at all. DTHA is induced by modifying a classical methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA)‐induced DTH response by administering a cocktail of anti‐type II collagen antibodies (anti‐CII) between immunization and challenge. Arthritis affects one, predefined paw in which acute inflammation and severe arthritis rapidly develop and peak after 4–7 days. Disease is self‐resolving over the course of around 3 weeks. Disease manifestations resemble those seen in other arthritis models and include bone erosion, cartilage destruction, oedema, pannus and new bone formation. Induction of DTHA is dependent on CD4+ T cells while B cells are dispensable. The DTHA model is set apart from other murine arthritis models in that it can be induced in B6 mice with 100% incidence and with high and consistent severity. This is the clearest advantage of the model, as the mechanisms of disease and clinical manifestations can be found in other arthritis models. The model holds potential for future modifications that may improve the lack of chronicity.
Semiparametric Time-to-Event Modeling in the Presence of a Latent Progression Event
Authors: Rice John D. , Tsodikov Alex 
Published: August 2016

Summary
In cancer research, interest frequently centers on factors influencing a latent event that must precede a terminal event. In practice it is often impossible to observe the latent event precisely, making inference about this process difficult. To address this problem, we propose a joint model for the unobserved time to the latent and terminal events, with the two events linked by the baseline hazard. Covariates enter the model parametrically as linear combinations that multiply, respectively, the hazard for the latent event and the hazard for the terminal event conditional on the latent one. We derive the partial likelihood estimators for this problem assuming the latent event is observed, and propose a profile likelihood-based method for estimation when the latent event is unobserved. The baseline hazard in this case is estimated nonparametrically using the EM algorithm, which allows for closed-form Breslow-type estimators at each iteration, bringing improved computational efficiency and stability compared with maximizing the marginal likelihood directly. We present simulation studies to illustrate the finite-sample properties of the method; its use in practice is demonstrated in the analysis of a prostate cancer data set.
The psychometric properties of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires for ages 2‐2.5: a systematic review
Authors: Velikonja T. , Edbrooke‐Childs J. , Calderon A. , Sleed M. , Brown A. , Deighton J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundEarly identification of children with potential development delay is essential to ensure access to care. The Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) is used as population outcome indicators in England as part of the 2.5‐year review.MethodThe aim of this article was to systematically review the worldwide evidence for the psychometric properties of the ASQ third edition (ASQ‐3TM) and the Ages & Stages Questionnaires®: Social‐Emotional (ASQ:SE). Eight electronic databases and grey literature were searched for original research studies available in English language, which reported reliability, validity or responsiveness of the ASQ‐3TM or ASQ:SE for children aged between 2 and 2.5 years. Twenty studies were included. Eligible studies used either the ASQ‐3TM or the ASQ:SE and reported at least one measurement property of the ASQ‐3TM and/or ASQ:SE. Data were extracted from all papers identified for final inclusion, drawing on Cochrane guidelines.ResultsUsing ‘positive’, ‘intermediate’ and ‘negative’ criteria for evaluating psychometric properties, results showed ‘positive’ reliability values in 11/18 instances reported, ‘positive’ sensitivity values in 13/18 instances reported and ‘positive’ specificity values in 19/19 instances reported.ConclusionsVariations in age or language versions used, quality of psychometric properties and quality of papers resulted in heterogeneous evidence. It is important to consider differences in cultural and contextual factors when measuring child development using these indicators. Further research is very likely to have an important impact on the interpretation of the ASQ‐3TM and ASQ:SE psychometric evidence.
A prospective clinical cohort study analyzing single‐unit implant crowns after three years of loading: introduction of a novel Functional Implant Prosthodontic Score (FIPS)
Authors: Joda Tim , Ferrari Marco , Bragger Urs 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this prospective clinical cohort study was to validate implant crowns with a novel Functional Implant Prosthodontic Score (FIPS).Material and methodsTwenty patients were restored with cement‐retained crowns on soft tissue level implants (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) in posterior sites and annually followed‐up for 3 years. FIPS was applied for the objective outcome assessment including clinical and radiographic examinations. Five variables were defined for evaluation, resulting in a maximum score of 10 per implant restoration. The patients' level of satisfaction was recorded and correlated with FIPS.ResultsAll implants and connected crowns revealed survival rates of 100% without any biological or technical complications after three years of loading. The mean total FIPS score was 7.8 ± 1.5, ranging from 6 to 10. The variable “bone” revealed the highest scores (2 ± 0; range: 2–2), followed by “occlusion” (1.9 ± 0.1; range: 1–2). Mean scores for “design” (1.2 ± 0.6; range: 0–2), “mucosa” (1.3 ± 0.7; range: 0–2), and “interproximal” (1.4 ± 0.4; range: 1–2) were more challenging to satisfy. The patients expressed a high level of functional satisfaction (84.1 ± 9.5; range: 68–100). A significant correlation was found between FIPS and the subjective patients' perception with a coefficient of 0.88 (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe findings of the clinical trial indicated the potential of FIPS as an objective and reliable instrument in assessing implant success. FIPS can be considered as a supportive tool to validate a satisfactory outcome as perceived by patients, to identify possible failure risks, and to compare follow‐up observations.
Two decades of p‐phenylenediamine and toluene‐2,5‐diamine patch testing – focus on co‐sensitizations in the European baseline series and cross‐reactions with chemically related substances
Authors: Vogel Tatiana A. , Heijnen Rakita W. , Coenraads Pieter‐Jan , Schuttelaar Marie Louise 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundCross‐reactions and co‐sensitizations are of great importance in understanding contact allergy and exposure sources.ObjectivesTo investigate common cross‐reactions and co‐sensitizations in p‐phenylenediamine (PPD)‐sensitized and toluene‐2,5‐diamine (TDA)‐sensitized individuals.MethodsFrom our patch test population, 8036 patients patch tested with the European baseline series were extracted. Readings had to be performed at least on day 3 according to ICDRG guidelines.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐one patients were sensitized to PPD and/or TDA; 231 patients were sensitized to PPD, and 109 to TDA. Significant differences were observed regarding the strengths of patch test reactions to PPD and number of cross‐reactions. For TDA, a difference was found between all reaction strengths, except between + and ++ strengths. PPD‐sensitized individuals were more likely to be sensitized to carba mix, cobalt chloride, colophonium, p‐tert‐butyl phenolformaldehyde resin, paraben mix, and methylisothiazolinone. TDA‐sensitized individuals were more often sensitized to carba mix.ConclusionsCross‐reactivity was commonly found among individuals sensitized to PPD or TDA, and was strongly related to the strength of the patch test reaction. Regarding co‐sensitizations, a frequently appearing or common exposure source could not be determined. However, modification of the allergen by, for example, the skin microbiota may have caused the formation of molecules that are, for the human immune system, indistinguishable from PPD.
Differences in contents of organochlorine impurities do not influence responses to patch testing with Majantol®
Authors: Schnuch Axel , Müller Boris P. , Geier Johannes ,   Departments of Dermatology
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundMajantol® [2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐(3‐methylphenyl)propan‐1‐ol; CAS no. 103694‐68‐4] has been identified as a contact allergen in humans, despite negative animal tests. Hence impurities, specifically organochlorines, in Majantol® might have been the reason for positive patch test reactions in the past.ObjectivesTo assess elicitation via patch testing with a standard market‐quality version of Majantol® (‘normal’) with a normal content of organochlorine impurities, as compared with an ultra‐purified version of Majantol® (‘pure’), without detectable organochlorine impurities.MethodsBetween 1 October 2013 and 31 December 2014, two different Majantol® patch test preparations of the above‐mentioned quality were tested 5% pet. in parallel in the ‘monitor series’, that is, together with the baseline series, in 8005 consecutive patients from 33 departments of dermatology of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK).ResultsFifty‐three of 7740 [0.69% (95%CI: 0.51–0.87)] patch tested patients reacted to at least one Majantol® preparation. The majority (n = 32) (60.4%) reacted to both preparations, 13 (24.5%) reacted to the ‘normal’ version only, and 8 (15.1%) reacted to the ‘pure’ version only. There was good concordance between results [Cohen's kappa 0.75 (95%CI: 0.65–0.85)], and there was no significant difference in frequency or intensity between the two preparations. More doubtful or irritant reactions than positive reactions were observed, and> 80% of all positive reactions were weak positive.ConclusionOrganochlorine impurities are very probably not the cause of allergic reactions to Majantol®.
Occupational contact dermatitis caused by 1,3‐benzenedimethanamine, N‐(2‐phenylethyl) derivatives in hardeners for epoxy paints and coatings
Authors: Pesonen Maria , Kuuliala Outi , Suomela Sari , Aalto‐Korte Kristiina 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundAmines in epoxy hardeners are significant causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis among workers who use epoxy resin systems.ObjectivesTo describe a novel group of contact allergens: N‐(2‐phenylethyl) derivatives of the reactive amine 1,3‐benzenedimethanamine (1,3‐BDMA).MethodsWe describe the clinical examinations and exposure of 6 patients with occupational contact allergy to derivatives of 1,3‐BDMA.ResultsOf the 6 patients, 4 were spray painters who used epoxy paints, 1 was a floor layer who handled a variety of epoxy coatings, and 1 was a worker in epoxy hardener manufacture. We were able to confirm exposure to epoxy hardeners that contained derivatives of 1,3‐BDMA in 5 of the 6 sensitized patients. Despite the close structural resemblance between derivatives of 1,3‐BDMA and m‐xylylenediamine (MXDA), only 3 patients reacted positively to MXDA. Concomitant contact allergy to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A resin was seen in 2 of the 6 patients.ConclusionsBecause of the lack of a commercially available patch test substance, the diagnosis of contact allergy to derivatives of 1,3‐BDMA requires patch testing with either the epoxy hardener product or a hardener ingredient that contains the derivatives of 1,3‐BDMA.
Fire and climatic extremes shape mammal distributions in a fire‐prone landscape
Authors: Hale Susannah , Nimmo Dale G. , Cooke Raylene , Holland Greg , James Simon , Stevens Michael , De Bondi Natasha , Woods Rachel , Castle Michael , Campbell Kristin , Senior Katharine , Cassidy Simon , Duffy Ryan , Holmes Ben , White John G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimExtreme climatic events and large wildfires are predicted to increase as the world's climate warms. Understanding how they shape species’ distributions will be critical for conserving biodiversity. We used a 7‐year dataset of mammals collected during and after south‐east Australia's Millennium Drought to assess the roles of fire history, climatic extremes and their interactions in shaping mammal distributions.LocationGrampians National Park, south‐eastern Australia.MethodsWe surveyed mammals at 36 sites along a ~50‐year post‐fire chronosequence in each of the 7 years. We modelled ten mammal species in relation to fire history, productivity and recent rainfall. Next, we examined the consistency of species’ fire response curves across each of three climatic phases relating to the Millennium Drought. Finally, we identified the optimal distribution of fire ages for small and medium‐sized mammal conservation in each of the three climatic phases.ResultsThe majority of species were influenced by fire history, and all native species were negatively associated with recently burned vegetation. Seven of ten species responded positively to the end of the Millennium Drought, but six of these declined quickly thereafter. Species’ responses to fire history differed depending on the climatic conditions. However, the optimal distribution of fire‐age classes consistently emphasized the importance of older age classes, regardless of climatic phase. This distribution is in stark contrast to the current distribution of fire ages across the study region.Main conclusionsMammals in the study region face an uncertain future. The negative impact of drought, the short‐lived nature of post‐drought recovery and, now, the possibility of a new drought beginning forewarn of further declines. The stark contrast between the optimal and current fire‐age distributions means that reducing the incidence of further fires is critical to enhance the capacity of native mammal communities to weather an increasingly turbulent climate.