bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Transition Through Voluntary Carbon Credit System
Authors: Vijayamohan Mankayarkarasi Brathikan , Ramalakshmi Murugan Aparna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a framework designed to facilitate the transition to clean energy while taking environmental considerations into account. The shift from fossil fuels to clean energy is anticipated to impact the global energy market, emphasizing the need for socio-economic considerations. The rapid adoption of clean energy faces challenges, primarily due to the current underdevelopment of renewable technologies, rendering them insufficient for meeting the escalating energy demand. This situation raises concerns about the potential for an economic recession. Effectively addressing these challenges is of paramount importance, necessitating a prompt transition towards clean energy and eco-friendly technology. A key player in this endeavor is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), a crucial component of the 2005 Kyoto Protocol designed to mitigate emissions. Simultaneously, the Carbon Credit market assumes a significant role by facilitating the trading of carbon emissions, generating revenues that can be strategically invested in the renewable sector. The Carbon Credit system promotes a global culture of responsibility for environmentally conscious actions while also taking into account economic considerations. As the global community grapples with the urgent need for climate action, the collaboration between these mechanisms offers a promising pathway towards a more sustainable and resilient future.
Experimental Insights Into Thermal-Hydraulic Performance of a Compact Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger With Airfoil Fins Using High-Pressure Water
Authors: Liu Weitong , Zhi Haoxing , Qi Han , Fu Yanchen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE) has emerged as a promising candidate for advanced thermal management systems, owing to its high compactness, efficiency, and remarkable reliability under harsh conditions such as high pressure and temperature. The present study constructs an experimental platform with two high-pressure water loops to experimentally investigate the thermal-hydraulic performance of the airfoil-fin PCHE with a hydraulic diameter of 0.87 mm. The heat transfer capacity of the PCHE is beyond 175 kW and the surface-area-to-volume ratio is larger than 1500 m2/m3. The experimental data is obtained at the Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 65.4 to 444 and inlet pressure ranging from 1.58 MPa to 2.75 MPa. The friction coefficient correlation is developed within ±10% deviation with the experimental data. The Nu correlation is also proposed, having a maximum deviation of ±20%. The thermal-hydraulic characteristics of high-pressure water in the PCHE are analyzed, indicating that airfoil-fin PCHE exhibits excellent thermal-hydraulic performance. At extremely low Re (Reh = 199.4 and Rec = 165.4), the overall heat transfer coefficient can still reach 1370.5 W/m2/K. The present work can contribute to designing and optimizing high-performance PCHE with airfoil fins.
Numerical and Experimental Transient Analysis of Water Flash Heating of Mini Channel Heat Exchangers
Authors: Challa Ganga Raju , Rezaei Ehsan , Marangolo Bruno , Bernardini Leonardo , Di Marco Paolo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study aims to design and simulate the dynamic behavior of three prototypes of mini-channel heat exchangers, with water as the working fluid, using COMSOL Multiphysics software and experimentation. The experimental setup comprised a thermally insulated aluminum - Mini Channel Heat Exchanger, where the channels were 3 mm deep and 2 mm wide, with a total exchange area of 0.02 m2. The inlet was connected to a recirculating water-storage tank at 80°C. Calibrated thermocouples were placed at the fluid inlet and outlet to measure the absolute temperature throughout the experiment. The fluid flow rate was maintained at a constant rate of 500 ml/min using PID controllers and monitored continuously using the LabVIEW software. Six resistive heaters were placed symmetrically at the center of each geometry, where the voltage was regulated to achieve the required power for the experiment. The prototypes differ in the amount of metal (aluminum), excluding the heating elements, where the channel geometry remains the same, to check the influence of the dimensions on the material efficiency and its thermal performance. The three prototypes weigh 288 g, 196 g, and 178 g, respectively. Two different heating powers provided by resistive heaters, 675 W, and 1000 W, were considered for this study. The focus of this study, owing to the requirement of instantaneous heating of the working fluid, is the transient study for a very short time, that is, for 10 s and 20 s. During the experimental testing and simulations, the outlet of the third prototype reached 100°C in 6.2 seconds, compared with 15 s and 7 s for the first and second prototypes, respectively.
Thermal Conductivity Characterisation and Quantification of Solid Dielectrics in Nano/Micro Scale Thin Film Systems
Authors: Khaled Mohammad Ehsan , Zhang Liangchi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Crystalline dielectrics are better for thermal management in thin films due to higher thermal conductivity, κ than their amorphous counterparts. A powerful tool for investigating the mechanical, thermal, and structural properties of such dielectrics is Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (EMD). However, EMD with the Green-Kubo (GK) approach, suffer from the selection of interatomic potentials. Conventional EMD/GK also becomes inadequate for bonded atoms with different masses as the Heat Current Autocorrelation Function (HCACF) decays differently compared to a monoatomic system. In this study instead of the conventional scheme to average the HCACF integral, a novel approach is proposed targeting only converged HCACF region eradicating substantial statistical error. This study aims to establish a modified EMD-GK approach to quantify the thermal conductivities of some important solid dielectrics including quartz, sapphire, and Wurtzite AlN. Applying the modified Systematic EMD/GK approach, Thermal conductivity in crystalline dielectrics with EMD-GK is successfully investigated. The uncertainty in the selection of empirical potentials is tackled by validating potentials against experimental thermal conductivity, atomic energy, atomic structure, and phonon properties.
Effect of Different Vertical Curved Surfaces on Bubble Merger Using Lattice Boltzmann Model With Large Density Ratio
Authors: Gao Hongtao , Guo Wenjie , Liu Huaqiang , Niu Dong , Yan Yuying 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The cross-sectional shape of the lift pipe of the bubble pump is considered to have a significant impact on the merging of rising bubbles. The effects of cross-sectional shapes of pipes and Reynolds number on the rise and coalescence of near-wall bubbles in lithium bromide solutions are investigated. A hybrid thermal multiphase model incorporating the D3Q15 pseudopotential multiphase lattice Boltzmann model with a large density ratio and the finite difference method is utilized. And the volume translated Peng-Robinson (VTPR) state equation is adopted. It is found that the merging time of rising bubbles near the walls of rectangular, circular, elliptical, and triangular cross-section pipes increases in order at the same Reynolds number. Under the same cross-sectional conditions of the pipes, a suitable increase in the Reynolds number will accelerate the merging of bubbles near the wall. This study may offer valuable insights for informing the design of pipe types for bubble pumps in absorption refrigeration systems.
Three-Dimensional Oscillating Heat Pipe: Flow Pattern Transition and Heat Transfer Performance
Authors: Liu Zhang , Ji Yulong , Zhang Dengke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The three-dimensional oscillating heat pipe (OHP) could utilize asymmetric heating and cooling to facilitate stable unidirectional flow. At low power levels, the working fluid mainly exhibits a reciprocating oscillation pattern and unidirectional flow is unstable due to insufficient driving force. As power increases, the working fluid can establish stable unidirectional flow within the OHP. With higher power, flow velocity increases, accompanied by localized small-scale oscillations in this process. During low-power oscillatory flow, temperature on both sides of the adiabatic section of the same bend fluctuate significantly. In contrast, during unidirectional flow there is a clear temperature stratification. Additionally, based on flow direction, temperature at the connected pipeline with the higher-temperature adiabatic side. Under anti-gravity conditions, the OHP consistently operates in an oscillatory manner, with temperatures on both sides of the adiabatic section of the same bend being chaotic and overlapping. The flow and flow patterns of the working fluid inside the OHP significantly impact heat transfer performance. Compared to gravity environment, heat transfer resistance and temperature difference increase significantly under anti-gravity conditions, resulting in deteriorated heat transfer performance and lower efficiency.
Pore-Scale Turbulent Physics Informed Neural Network of Turbulent Flow Over Porous Media
Authors: Jang Seohee , Jadidi Mohammad , Mahmoudi Yasser 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study explored the application of Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) in pore scale composite-porous fluid systems, where the fluid-saturated porous media interact with the surrounding fluid across the porous-fluid interface. The PINN model deploys two different forms of governing equation: explicit Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and implicit RANS equation with turbulence modelling. Two cases were examined: zero-porous block and non-zero porous block with 36.38% porosity. The comparison between different PINN models focused on the first and second-order statistics of flow fields and prominent flow physics including flow recirculation, wake, channeling and leakage. The implicit RANS PINN exhibited superior accuracy in zero-porous block case with error reduction of 69.56%, 64.07% and 112.30% for Reynolds normal and shear stresses. In the non-zero porous block case, the incorporation of increased numbers of internal training data in implicit PINN resulted in accurate predictions. However, the L2 norm error, which quantifies the prediction accuracy of the PINN model, revealed that the flow variables related to the vertical velocity components caused substantial error. Pore-scale flow physics, including flow channeling and leakage were observed with a similar location of vortical structure around porous media when compared to reference Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) data in the implicit PINN predictions.
Flow Boiling of Zeotropic Refrigerant Mixture R456a in Microchannels
Authors: Xia Yu , Suulker Dilara , Long Zhen , Wang Hua Sheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Zeotropic refrigerant mixtures are widely considered as the alternatives to refrigerants currently used in vapor-compression refrigeration systems for the purpose of lowering GWP. Microchannel heat exchangers prove to be highly efficient and compact. This paper reports local heat flux and local heat-transfer coefficient during flow boiling heat transfer of zeotropic refrigerant mixture R456A in microchannels using an inverse measurement method. The test section is made of two aluminium blocks. Ten parallel horizontal microchannels are machined on the mating surface of the lower block. The channel is 1.0 mm in width, 1.5 mm in height and 440 mm in length. 100 temperature values are measured by 100 thermocouples inserted in holes with 0.6 mm in diameter and 20 mm in depth drilled in the upper and lower blocks, respectively. The local channel surface temperature and local heat flux are obtained by the inverse method using the 100 temperatures measured. The mass flux varied from 200 to 400 kg/m2s, pressure varied from 7 to 9 bar, heating water inlet temperature ranged between 45 and 55°C, and heating water flow rate changed from 310 to 1540 ml/min. The experimental data of flow boiling heat transfer are presented and discussed.
Application of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoparticles in Thermal Improvement of Oil-Based Nanofluids Stabilized With Non-Ionic Surfactant
Authors: Alsaady Mustafa , Ray Tong Chan , Ilyas Suhaib Umer , Abdulrahman Ayman , Shamsuddin Rashid 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nanofluids are known for their exceptional thermo-physical properties, especially in improving the efficiency of the heat transfer process. This work explores the technological complexities of dispersing Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) nanoparticles in transformer oil, focusing on the application in distributor transformers for heat dissipation and electrical insulation. The work experimentally examines two crucial aspects, i.e., the stability of nano-dispersions and the thermal behavior of oil nanofluids. A non-ionic surfactant, in combination with optimum ultrasonication, is utilized to achieve stable nanofluids. Experiments with different concentrations of h-BN (0–2 wt.%) show that nanofluids with lower particle concentrations have better stability than higher loadings (1–2 wt.%). The experiments are performed to measure the effective thermal conductivity of h-BN/oil nanofluids, which show a direct increase in proportion to the amount of particles added, reaching the highest point at 48 %. Further, the degradation and the lifespan of the nano-oil are experimentally assessed using thermogravimetric analysis that reveals a significant increase of 3 °C in the lifespan of insulating nano-oil when exposed to higher loadings of particles. The findings provide information about the technical feasibility and effectiveness of h-BN-based nanofluids to improve the heat transfer properties of transformer oil.
Double-Sided Spectrally Splitting Contrast Grating for an Asymmetric Thermal Regulation Window
Authors: Araki Ken , Zhang Richard Z. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A window with tailored asymmetric thermal regulation can be achieved with thin film coupled gratings that demonstrate spectral splitting. The proposed double-sided contrast gratings can split the incoming beam between the solar wavelength and mid-infrared ranges. This study investigates grating and multilayer material configurations with selective and mixed transparency I the visible versus the infrared. Our computational methodology to build and stack successive grating structures with broadband spectral reflection and transmission is based on Bayesian optimization. The geometric parameters are optimized so that it allows directional transmission through 0th order and 1st order diffraction orders. The mechanism of the proposed stacks is achieved with zero contrast grating (ZCG) whose exit plane of the grating have no index gradient. As a result, the window rejects visible light through normal direction, while mid-infrared light passes through. Vice-versa, visible light exits the window in oblique angle. Without solar energy incoming directly normal to the window, it prevents direct heating of the medium in the normal direction underneath the window. Meanwhile, thermal radiative heat exchange with surroundings is only limited to the normal direction. This nano/microscale grating-based spectral beam splitting strategy can promote passive thermal regulation of automotive, home, and industrial environments.
Molecular insights into the evolutionary trajectory of a
Klebsiella aerogenes
clinical isolate with a complex trade-off between resistance and virulence
Authors: Sereme Youssouf , Faury Hélène , Gravrand Victor , Ageron Elisabeth , Poyart Claire , Skurnik David , Mammeri Hedi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The fitness cost associated with antimicrobial resistance has an important influence on evolutionary dynamics. We compared the genomes of three
Klebsiella aerogenes
isolates recovered from blood samples or deep abscess cultures from the same patient: the wild-type strain (CT_WT), a piperacillin-tazobactam-resistant strain (CT_PENI), and an extended-spectrum-cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant strain (CT_R). Whole-genome sequencing revealed that CT_PENI had acquired a TEM-1 β-lactamase with a mutated promoter, accounting for overproduction. CT_PENI then acquired an E240G substitution in the TEM-1 β-lactamase (resulting in TEM-207) and lost the porin-encoding
ompK36
gene to give CT_R. All three strains showed the same virulence in a mouse model of intraperitoneal infection. The results of recombination and transformation assays indicated that when present separately, the TEM-207 overproduction and the
ompK36
gene deletion had only small effects on susceptibility to ESCs. However, the combination of the two changes led to a much lower susceptibility to ESCs. Moreover, the levels of fitness
in vitro
and
in vivo
in a murine model of gut colonization were significantly lower after TEM-1 β-lactamase overproduction and lower still after E240G substitution and OmpK36 loss. We hypothesize that the chosen courses of antibiotics led to the stepwise emergence of a clone with resistance to penicillins and ESCs and no loss of virulence. However, acquired resistance may have a fitness cost that limits evolutionary success. Our results might explain why the overproduction of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (which should confer a high level of piperacillin-tazobactam resistance) is not observed in clinical practice and why TEM-207 has rarely been detected in clinical isolates.
Complete coding sequence of Tembusu virus isolate 2211-5 isolated in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yen-Ping , Liao Chien-Hui , Huang Chih-Wei , Lee Fan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

We reported the complete coding sequence of a Tembusu virus from sick geese in Taiwan in 2022. The nucleotide sequence of the 2211-5 isolate was most closely related to the strain CTLN isolated from chicken in China and classified into Cluster 3 of Tembusu virus.
Draft genome sequence of carbapenem resistant
Escherichia coli
ST2083 carrying NDM-5, TEM-1, and CMY-42
Authors: Banerjee Rittwika , V. S. Ramanakishore , S. Vignesh , G. Karthic , B. Janani , Raj Marquess , Perumal Kumar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of the
Escherichia coli
strain (CREC-9) of sequence type (ST2083), which was isolated from the urine sample of a 69-year-old male and harbors the antimicrobial resistance genes
TEM-1, blaCMY-42,
and
blaNDM-5
encoding resistance to β-lactams, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones and coding various virulence factors, is presented here.
AmpC induction by imipenem in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
occurs in the absence of OprD and impacts imipenem/relebactam susceptibility
Authors: Freed, Jr Shawn , Hanson Nancy D. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

In the United States, carbapenem resistance in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is linked to the regulation of chromosomal resistance determinants, AmpC and OprD. The β-lactamase AmpC requires overexpression and genetic modifications to be capable of inhibiting imipenem activity. The outer membrane porin OprD can be downregulated or undergo genetic modifications that strongly correlate with imipenem non-susceptibility. Co-administration of imipenem and the β-lactamase inhibitor, relebactam, can lower imipenem minimal inhibitory concentrations and restore susceptibility. However, it is not understood how this occurs in
P. aeruginosa
isolates that do not overproduce AmpC or produce a functional OprD for imipenem entry. Therefore, we investigated whether imipenem could enter
P. aeruginosa
in the absence of OprD and whether any of the chromosomal β-lactamases (AmpC, OXA-50, and PIB-1) contributed to imipenem and/or imipenem/relebactam non-susceptibility. This investigation evaluated 17 imipenem non-susceptible clinical isolates and three laboratory strains of PAO1, two of which were porin transposon mutants for either
oprD
or
opdP
. Expression of OXA-50 and PIB-1 RNA was similar to PAO1. However, all 20 isolates exhibited

bla
ampC

induction under sublethal exposure to imipenem. This occurred in the absence of detectable OprD protein in 18 isolates. Collectively, our data identify that (i) OprD was not the only channel required for imipenem entry and (ii) imipenem susceptibility can be restored by imipenem/relebactam due to the interaction between relebactam and

bla
ampC

overexpression due to imipenem induction.

IMPORTANCE

Infections caused by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
are associated with high mortality and worsened clinical outcomes. The carbapenem, imipenem, has been combined with the β-lactamase inhibitor relebactam to treat carbapenem-resistant
P. aeruginosa
. Downregulation of the outer membrane porin, OprD is the major mechanism of imipenem resistance; however, relebactam inhibits the chromosomally encoded AmpC β-lactamase. We investigated how relebactam was able to reduce
P. aeruginosa
imipenem minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in isolates in which OprD was downregulated. Our data show that imipenem is capable of entering the cell in the absence of OprD and capable of inducing the AmpC β-lactamase. The induction of AmpC provides a substrate for relebactam, impacting the imipenem MIC. The data presented support the use of an alternative porin(s) for entry of imipenem. This study provides the basis for further investigation into modifications of imipenem or similar molecules that would increase the affinity for other porins in isolates resistant to imipenem.
Potential habitat suitability of
Candidatus
Liberibacter asiaticus and genetic diversity of its prophages across China
Authors: You Ping , Zhou Jun , Muhammad Bilal Amir , Bao Minli , Yang Jin , Fang Shujie , Li Xiang , Yi Long 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a severe citrus disease in China caused by
Candidatus
Liberibacter asiaticus (
C
Las). Since its initial identification, the pathogen has spread to 10 mainland provinces in China and caused devastating loss. Three distinct prophage types have been identified in
C
Las; however, their distribution and diversity in China remain inadequately understood. In this study, we collected 500
C
Las samples from 10 provinces in China, employing three specific genomic loci to identify prophage types. Subsequently, Sanger sequencing was employed to analyze the genetic diversity of prophage within populations of
C
Las in China. In addition, the MaxEnt model optimized by the ENMeval software package, was used to predict the habitat suitability of populations of
C
Las and assess the potential impact of future climate change on its distribution in China. Our analysis revealed that type 2 prophage is the most prevalent, accounting for 55% in China. Among the 10 provinces tested,
C
Las populations in Yunnan and Sichuan demonstrated higher genetic diversity. Further analysis reveals that
C
Las populations harboring type 1 prophage remain relatively stable, whereas those carrying type 2 and type 3 prophages undergo population expansion. Furthermore, our predictive models indicate that the presently suitable habitat for
C
Las populations is concentrated in the southern and certain central regions of China, with an anticipated expansion under future climate change conditions. Presently, the center of populations of
C
Las characterized by favorable living conditions is situated in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. Nevertheless, a projected trend indicates a shift toward the northeast, particularly targeting Tongren City in the foreseeable future.

IMPORTANCE

This study offers significant insights into the distribution and genetic diversity of three types of prophages associated with
Candidatus
Liberibacter asiaticus (
C
Las) in China. Our predictions underscore the implications of climate change on the future distribution of
C
Las. These findings contribute to a better understanding of Huanglongbing management strategies and can facilitate the development of effective measures to control the spread of this devastating disease within the citrus industry.