bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediterranean dietary pattern in pregnant women and offspring risk of overweight and abdominal obesity in early childhood: the INMA birth cohort study
Authors: Fernández‐Barrés S. , Romaguera D. , Valvi D. , Martínez D. , Vioque J. , Navarrete‐Muñoz E.M. , Amiano P. , Gonzalez‐Palacios S. , Guxens M. , Pereda E. , Riaño I. , Tardón A. , Iñiguez C. , Arija V. , Sunyer J. , Vrijheid M. ,   on behalf of the INMA Project
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackgroundAnimal models have suggested that maternal diet quality may reduce offspring obesity risk regardless of maternal body weight; however, evidence from human studies is scarce.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) during pregnancy and childhood overweight and abdominal obesity risk at 4 years of age.MethodsWe analysed 1827 mother–child pairs from the Spanish ‘Infancia y Medio Ambiente’ cohort study, recruited between 2003 and 2008. Diet was assessed during pregnancy using a food frequency questionnaire and MD adherence by the relative Mediterranean diet score (rMED). Overweight (including obesity) was defined as an age‐specific and sex‐specific body mass index ≥85th percentile (World Health Organization referent), and abdominal obesity as a waist circumference (WC) >90th percentile. Multivariate adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between pregnancy rMED and offspring overweight and abdominal obesity.ResultThere was no association between rMED and body mass index z‐score, whereas there was a significant association between higher adherence to MD and lower WC (β of high vs. low rMED: −0.62 cm; 95% confidence interval: −1.10, −0.14 cm, P for trend = 0.009).ConclusionPregnancy adherence to the MD was not associated with childhood overweight risk, but it was associated with lower WC, a marker of abdominal obesity.
Relationship between androgen deprivation therapy and community‐acquired respiratory infections in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Schmid Marianne , Hanske Julian , Ravi Praful , Krishna Nandita , Reznor Gally , Meyer Christian P , Fisch Margit , Noldus Joachim , Nguyen Paul L , Trinh Quoc‐Dien 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the dose‐dependent effect of androgen deprivation therapy on community‐acquired respiratory infections in patients with localized prostate cancer.MethodsWe identified 52 905 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results‐Medicare database between 1991 and 2006. We compared those who did not receive androgen deprivation therapy with those who received androgen deprivation therapy within 2 years of diagnosis, calculated as monthly equivalent doses (<7, 7–11, >11 doses), or orchiectomy. Adjusted Cox hazard models were fitted to predict the risk of community‐acquired respiratory infections (acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis, [severe] pneumonia) in patients treated with medical androgen deprivation therapy versus orchiectomy versus none.ResultsOverall, 43.4% received medical androgen deprivation therapy. These patients more likely experienced respiratory events compared with those who did not receive androgen deprivation therapy or who underwent orchiectomy (62.2% vs 54.5% vs 47.8%, P < 0.001). The risk of experiencing any respiratory event increased with the number of doses received. For example, men receiving >11 doses of androgen deprivation therapy were at greatest risk of acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis and pneumonia (HR 1.13, 1.26 and 1.15, respectively, all P < 0.001), except severe pneumonia. Furthermore, we did not detect any relationship between orchiectomy and respiratory events. Study limitations include the utilization of a retrospective population‐based dataset.ConclusionsIncreased exposure to medical androgen deprivation therapy for men with localized prostate cancer is associated with a higher risk of community‐acquired respiratory infections. Our results suggest that respiratory complications represent potentially underreported complications of medical androgen deprivation therapy.
Prediagnostic prostate‐specific antigen kinetics and the risk of biopsy progression in active surveillance patients
Authors: Iremashvili Viacheslav , Barney Shane L , Manoharan Murugesan , Kava Bruce R , Parekh Dipen J , Punnen Sanoj 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo analyze the association between prediagnostic prostate‐specific antigen kinetics and the risk of biopsy progression in prostate cancer patients on active surveillance, and to study the effect of prediagnostic prostate‐specific antigen values on the predictive performance of prostate‐specific antigen velocity and prostate‐specific antigen doubling time.MethodsThe study included 137 active surveillance patients with two or more prediagnostic prostate‐specific antigen levels measured over a period of at least 3 months. Two sets of analyses were carried out. First, the association between prostate‐specific antigen kinetics calculated using only the prediagnostic prostate‐specific antigen values and the risk of biopsy progression was studied. Second, using the same cohort of patients, the predictive value of prostate‐specific antigen kinetics calculated using only post‐diagnostic prostate‐specific antigens and compared with that of prostate‐specific antigen kinetics based on both pre‐ and post‐diagnostic prostate‐specific antigen levels was analyzed.ResultsOf 137 patients included in the analysis, 37 (27%) had biopsy progression over a median follow‐up period of 3.2 years. Prediagnostic prostate‐specific antigen velocity of more than 2 ng/mL/year and 3 ng/mL/year was statistically significantly associated with the risk of future biopsy progression. However, after adjustment for baseline prostate‐specific antigen density, these associations were no longer significant. None of the tested prostate‐specific antigen kinetics based on combined pre‐ and post‐diagnostic prostate‐specific antigen values were statistically significantly associated with the risk of biopsy progression.ConclusionsHistorical prediagnostic prostate‐specific antigens seems to be not clinically useful in patients diagnosed with low‐risk prostate cancer on active surveillance.
Weight satisfaction, management strategies and health beliefs in knee osteoarthritis patients attending an outpatient clinic
Authors: Ekram A. R. M. S. , Cicuttini F. M. , Teichtahl A. J. , Crammond B. R. , Lombard C. B. , Liew S. M. , Urquhart D. M. , Wluka A. E. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundAlthough weight control is important in managing knee osteoarthritis (OA), it is difficult to achieve. Understanding beliefs regarding weight management in people with knee OA may improve weight control.AimsTo examine differences in bodyweight satisfaction, weight management strategies and weight‐related health‐beliefs in obese, overweight and normal weight people with knee OA.MethodsThe beliefs and attitudes to weight in 102 people with symptomatic knee OA were ascertained. Participants were classified as being obese, overweight or of normal weight.ResultsAlthough obese and overweight participants were less satisfied with their bodyweight, they were more likely to want to lose weight and to report dieting compared with normal weight participants(P < 0.001 for all) and also more likely to report weight gain in the past 6 months (P < 0.001). While most participants rated food intake to be a main determinant of health, this belief was more common in normal weight participants (P = 0.04). When asked about their own weight gain, obese participants more frequently believed genetic and metabolic factors to be important than normal and overweight participants (P = 0.01). While 51 (53%) believed that increasing activity was more important than dietary change to avoid weight gain, this was more commonly believed by obese and overweight participants (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDespite desiring and attempting to lose weight, obese people with symptomatic knee OA more commonly reported weight gain. Overweight and obese participants attributed weight gain to non‐modifiable factors but believed physical activity is more important than dietary change in weight management. Thus, education regarding the importance of diet as compared with non‐modifiable factors and physical activity may improve weight management in obese people with knee OA.
Assessing the Potential for Zone‐Specific Management of Cereals in Low‐Rainfall South‐Eastern Australia: Combining On‐Farm Results and Simulation Analysis
Authors: Hoffmann M. P. , Llewellyn R. S. , Davoren C. W. , Whitbread A. M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn the low‐rainfall region of south‐eastern Australia, distinctive soil types reflecting the typical landscape of higher elevated dunes and swale zones at the bottom can be found within one field. Different soil characteristics cause consequently large variability in cropping productivity between soils and across seasons. To assess the possibilities for zone‐specific management, five farmer fields were zoned into a dune, mid‐slope and swale zone. For each site, zone yields were mapped over 2 years and soil properties were surveyed. This information was used to parameterize and validate the APSIM model for each zone. Field‐measured PAWC increased from the dune to the swale zone. On‐farm results and simulation analysis showed distinctive yield performance of the three designed zones. However, yield is not related to PAWC, it is rather a complex relationship between soil type, fertility and rainfall. While in high‐rainfall years, the swale zones yielded higher due to higher soil organic carbon content and less drainage losses, the dune zones performed better in the low‐rainfall years due to lower evaporation losses. This study emphasizes that in this specific environment where soil variation in texture and subsoil constraints strongly influence crop performance, mechanistic crop models and long‐term field observations are necessary for better understanding of zone‐specific performance, and simple linear relationships across years or sites are not useful.
Empathy and stress in nurses working in haemodialysis: a qualitative study
Authors: Vioulac Christel , Aubree Colette , Massy Ziad A. , Untas Aurélie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimsTo explore the concepts of empathy and stress in nurses working in haemodialysis units in France and their possible interactions.BackgroundNurses' work in haemodialysis is rather complex. It requires technical expertise, because of the peculiarity of the treatment, and emotional skills, to care for patients throughout a long‐lasting therapy. Empathy is considered as a key in the concept of caring, which allows nurses to give appropriate answers to their patients' needs. In addition, nurses' work environment can generate stress.DesignA qualitative descriptive design.MethodNurses (N = 23) working in haemodialysis units were interviewed in three different sites in 2014.ResultsThe analysis of nurses' speech emphasized a predominance of the cognitive attributes of empathy: understanding, communication, adjusted response (43%), and a special feature of the relationship due to the chronicity of the care (23%). The main stressors highlighted were time management (14%), emergencies (12%) and technical nature of the task (8%). Nurses' experience in haemodialysis seemed to be a modulating factor regarding empathy and stress. The main stressors highlighted were time management (14%), emergencies (12%) and technical nature of the task (8%). Nurses' experience in haemodialysis seemed to be a modulating factor regarding empathy and stress.ConclusionThe results showed the special features of nurses' work in haemodialysis and the need for further studies to investigate these concepts. The influence of stress on empathy needs to be explored more precisely, especially regarding nurses' experience and its impact on patients.
Unpacking ‘International Terrorism’: Discourse, the European Community and Counter‐Terrorism, 1975–86
Authors: Wittendorp Stef 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAccording to convention, the emergence of ‘international terrorism’ led the European Community (EC) member states to initiate co‐operation from the mid‐1970s onwards. A different story is told here by examining how ‘international terrorism’ appeared as threatening and co‐operation in the context of the EC became regarded as a logical solution. The article frames this as political events (‘international terrorism’) overflowing the space of politics (the state), whereby the latter felt it necessary to set up a series of arrangements to try to encapsulate the excesses of the former. It shows how the interpretation of terrorism as an illegitimate political provocation constituted an obligation for states to respond. Stressing the international character highlighted individual states' inability to tackle terrorism, which made it possible for co‐operation to appear as obvious. Trevi and the Dublin Agreement are examined as manifestations seeking to work around, and thus reinventing, the limits of state sovereignty.
Implementing a patient‐initiated review system for people with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective, comparative service evaluation
Authors: Goodwin Victoria A. , Paudyal Priyamvada , Perry Mark G. , Day Nikki , Hawton Annie , Gericke Christian , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Byng Richard 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) usually entails regular hospital reviews with a specialist often when the patient is well rather than during a period of exacerbation. An alternative approach where patients initiate appointments when they need them can improve patient satisfaction and resource use whilst being safe. This service evaluation reports a system‐wide implementation of a patient‐initiated review appointment system called Direct Access (DA) for people with RA. The aim was to establish the impact on patient satisfaction of the new system versus usual care as well as evaluate the implementation processes.MethodsAs all patients could not start on the new system at once, in order to manage the implementation, patients were randomly allocated to DA or to usual care. Instead of regular follow‐up appointments, DA comprised an education session and access to a nurse‐led telephone advice line where appointments could be accessed within two weeks. Usual care comprised routine follow‐ups with the specialist. Data were collected on patient satisfaction, service use and outcomes of any contact to the advice line.ResultsThree hundred and eleven patients with RA were assessed as being suitable for DA. In terms of patient satisfaction, between‐group differences were found in favour of DA for accessibility and convenience, ease of contacting the nurse and overall satisfaction with the service. Self‐reported visits to the general practitioner were also significantly lower. DA resulted in a greater number of telephone contacts (incidence rate ratio = 1.69; 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 2.68). Hospital costs of the two different service models were similar. Mean waiting time for an appointment was 10.8 daysConclusionThis service evaluation found that DA could be implemented and it demonstrated patient benefit in a real‐world setting. Further research establishing the broader cost–consequences across the whole patient pathway would add to our findings.
Communicating about the management of medications as patients move across transition points of care: an observation and interview study
Authors: Manias Elizabeth , Gerdtz Marie , Williams Allison , McGuiness Josephine , Dooley Michael 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesAs patients move across transition points, effective medication management is critical for patient safety. The aims of this study were to examine how health professionals, patients and family members communicate about managing medications as patients moved across transition points of care and to identify possible sources of communication failure.MethodA descriptive approach was used involving observations and interviews. The emergency departments and medical wards of two hospitals were involved. Observations focused on how health professionals managed medications during interactions with other health professionals, patients and family members, as patients moved across clinical settings. Follow‐up interviews with participants were also undertaken. Thematic analysis was completed of transcribed data, and descriptive statistics were used to analyse characteristics of communication failure.ResultsThree key themes were identified: environmental challenges, interprofessional relationships, and patient and family beliefs and responsibilities. As patients moved between environments, insufficient tracking occurred about medication changes. Before hospital admission, patients participated in self‐care medication activities, which did not always involve exemplary behaviours or match the medications that doctors prescribed. During observations, 432 instances of communication failure (42.8%) were detected, which related to purpose, content, audience and occasion of the communication.ConclusionsExtensive challenges exist involving the management of medications at transition points of care. Bedside handovers and ward rounds can be utilized as patient counselling opportunities about changes in the medication regimen. Greater attention is needed on how patients in the community make medication‐related decisions.
Betanodavirus ability to infect juvenile European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, at different water salinity
Authors: Pascoli F , Serra M , Toson M , Pretto T , Toffan A 
Published: January 2016

AbstractViral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) is one of the most devastating and economically relevant diseases for marine aquaculture. The presence of betanodavirus in freshwater fish is recorded, but very little is known about VER outbreaks in marine species reared in freshwater. Our study investigated the ability of betanodavirus to cause disease in European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, reared at different salinity levels. Fish were challenged with RGNNV or mock infected by bath at different salinity levels (freshwater, 25‰ and 33‰). Fish were checked twice a day and the dead ones were examined by standard virological techniques, by rRT‐PCR and by histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. All the infected groups showed a significant higher mortality rate than the one of the mock‐infected group. VERv presence was confirmed by rRT‐PCR. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses highlighted the typical lesions associated with VER. Our results highlight that salinity does not affect the ability of betanodavirus to induce clinical signs and mortality in European sea bass infected under experimental conditions. These results underline the great adaptation potential of VERv, which in combination with its already known high environmental resistance and broad host range, may explain the diffusion of this disease and the threat posed to aquaculture worldwide.
Association between self‐reported and clinical oral health status in Belarusian adults
Authors: Blizniuk Anastasiya , Ueno Masayuki , Zaitsu Takashi , Kawaguchi Yoko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThe aims of the present study were to determine characteristics of self‐perception of oral health, and to investigate associations between self‐reported status and clinical oral health status among Belarusian adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional study, including a questionnaire survey and oral health examination, was conducted among 281 dental patients.ResultsOf the participants, 74% were women; the mean ages of female and male participants were 35.9 ± 12.3 and 28.0 ± 10.3 years (P < 0.001), respectively. More than half of the participants (58%) described their oral health as negative. The number of decayed teeth (P < 0.001), missing teeth (P < 0.001), and teeth with bleeding on probing (P < 0.01) and deep periodontal pockets (P < 0.001) were significantly higher among participants who described their oral health as negative compared to their counterparts. Participants with better agreement between self‐reported and clinical number of teeth had significantly lower numbers of decayed and missing teeth (P < 0.01). There was a significant relationship between participants' self‐reported periodontal status and number of teeth with bleeding on probing and deep periodontal pockets (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSelf‐perceived oral health was significantly associated with clinical oral health status in this study. Self‐reporting methods could be useful for population‐based oral health surveys in Belarus.
Coupled garnet Lu–Hf and monazite U–Pb geochronology constrain early convergent margin dynamics in the Ross orogen, Antarctica
Authors: Hagen‐Peter G. , Cottle J. M. , Smit M. , Cooper A. F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Ross orogen of Antarctica is an extensive (>3000 km‐long) belt of deformed and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks and granitoid batholiths, which formed during convergence and subduction of palaeo‐Pacific lithosphere beneath East Gondwana in the Neoproterozoic–early Palaeozoic. Despite its prominent role in Gondwanan convergent tectonics, and a well‐established magmatic record, relatively little is known about the metamorphic rocks in the Ross orogen. A combination of garnet Lu–Hf and monazite U–Pb (measured by laser‐ablation split‐stream ICP‐MS) geochronology reveals a protracted metamorphic history of metapelites and garnet amphibolites from a major segment of the orogen. Additionally, direct dating of a common rock‐forming mineral (garnet) and accessory mineral (monazite) allows us to test assumptions that are commonly used when linking accessory mineral geochronology to rock‐forming mineral reactions. Petrography, mineral zoning, thermobarometry and pseudosection modelling reveal a Barrovian‐style prograde path, reaching temperatures of ~610–680 °C. Despite near‐complete diffusional resetting of garnet major element zoning, the garnet retains strong rare earth element zoning and preserves Lu–Hf dates that range from c. 616–572 Ma. Conversely, monazite in the rocks was extensively recrystallized, with concordant dates that span from c. 610–500 Ma, and retain only vestigial cores. Monazite cores yield dates that overlap with the garnet Lu–Hf dates and typically have low‐Y and heavy rare earth element (HREE) concentrations, corroborating interpretations of low‐Y and low‐HREE monazite domains as records of synchronous garnet growth. However, ratios of REE concentrations in garnet and monazite do not consistently match previously reported partition coefficients for the REE between these two minerals. High‐Y monazite inclusions within pristine, crack‐free garnet yield U–Pb dates significantly younger than the Lu–Hf dates for the same samples, indicating recrystallization of monazite within garnet. The recrystallization of high‐Y and high‐HREE monazite domains over >50 Ma likely records either punctuated thermal pulses or prolonged residence at relatively high temperatures (up to ~610–680 °C) driving monazite recrystallization. One c. 616 Ma garnet Lu–Hf date and several c. 610–600 Ma monazite U–Pb dates are tentatively interpreted as records of the onset of tectonism metamorphism in the Ross orogeny, with a more robust constraint from the other Lu–Hf dates (c. 588–572 Ma) and numerous c. 590–570 Ma monazite U–Pb dates. The data are consistent with a tectonic model that involves shortening and thickening prior to widespread magmatism in the vicinity of the study area. The early tectonic history of the Ross orogen, recorded in metamorphic rocks, was broadly synchronous with Gondwana‐wide collisional Pan‐African orogenies.