bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A breath-based in vitro diagnostic assay for the detection of lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Chen Dapeng , Mirski Marek A , Chen Shuo , Bryden Wayne A , McLoughlin Michael , Kiser Kiana M , Caton Emily R , Haddaway Caroline R , Cetta Maximilian S , Pan Yezhi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An accurate diagnosis is critical to reducing mortality in people with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Current microbiological culture is time-consuming, and nucleic acid amplification-based molecular technologies cannot distinguish between colonization and infection. Previously, we described developing a sampling system for effectively capturing biomolecules from human breath. We identified a new class of proteoform markers of protease activation, termed proteolytic products of infection, for detecting LRTIs in people with mechanical ventilation. Here, we further developed an in vitro assay by designing a specific substrate sensor for human neutrophil elastase (HNE) to detect LRTIs in breath samples. In the proof-of-concept study, we then applied this in vitro assay to breath samples collected from intubated patients and healthy volunteers. The findings revealed that the LRTI group demonstrated a significant mean differential, showing a 9.8-fold elevation in measured HNE activity compared with the non-LRTI group and a 9.2-fold compared with healthy volunteers. The in vitro assay's diagnostic potential was assessed by constructing a receiver operating characteristic curve, resulting in an area under the curve of 0.987. Using an optimal threshold for HNE at 0.2 pM, the sensitivity was determined to be 1.0 and the specificity to be 0.867. Further correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between the measured HNE activity and the protein concentration in the breath samples. Our results demonstrate that this breath-based in vitro assay provides high diagnostic performance for LRTIs, suggesting that the technology may be useful in the near term for the accurate diagnosis of LRTIs.
Who Is The Rural Voter? A Review Article and Appraisal of the Field of Rural Politics
Authors: Shepherd Michael E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Who is this rural voter pundits and politicians are so captivated by? In their important new book, Nicholas Jacobs and Daniel Shea shed light on this important question, offering many new and nuanced insights on The Rural Voter in America. Providing novel and rich survey data on rural Americans from across the entire U.S. Jacobs and Shea dispel harmful stereotypes of rural people and clarify misperceptions often held by those unfamiliar with rural communities, all while providing the most in-depth exploration of rural public opinion to date. The Rural Voter is an essential read for any one wishing to wrestle with the politics of rural communities.
Class experiences and the long-term evolution of economic values
Authors: Helgason Agnar Freyr , Rehm Philipp 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
While there is a strong cross-sectional association between social class and political attitudes, recent research—based on longitudinal data—finds that changes in class are, at most, weakly related to changes in such attitudes. One common explanation for this finding is that early life socialization affects both social class and political attitudes and that class has little, if any, direct effect on them. In this manuscript, we explore an alternative explanation that centers on the importance of cumulative class experiences for the long-term evolution of attitudes. To evaluate this perspective, we leverage data from the British Household Panel Survey, which contains measures of economic values that span up to 16 years, as well as complete work-life histories of respondents that allow us to track individual class experiences over people’s life span. Our findings show that cumulative class experiences are strongly associated with the development of economic values.
Urinary kallikrein reverses neuropathic pain by inhibiting ectopic neural discharges, neural inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Chen Mingsheng , Wu Jinze , Gao Yafei , Li Yunlei , He Shiming , Jin Jungong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Neuropathic pain is a refractory disease and badly impacts the lives of patients. Urinary kallikrein (UK) acted as a glycoprotein has been discovered to play a pivotal role in neuroprotection. However, the regulatory impacts and correlative pathways of UK in the progression of neuropathic pain remain dimness.

Methods
The chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model was firstly established to mimic neuropathic pain. The withdrawal threshold was measured through the Von Frey test. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were determined through ELISA. The levels of ROS, GSH, SOD and GSH-Px were examined through the commercial kits. The ectopic discharges were assessed. The protein expressions were inspected through western blot.

Results
It was demonstrated that withdrawal threshold was reduced in CCI rat model, but this change was reversed after UK treatment, indicating that UK relieved mechanical allodynia. Moreover, UK alleviated the inflammatory response through reducing TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels. It was uncovered that oxidative stress was strengthened in CCI rat model, but this impact was restrained after UK treatment. Additionally, UK suppressed ectopic discharge. At last, it was proved that UK triggered the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in CCI rat model.

Conclusion
This study manifested that UK reversed neuropathic pain by inhibiting ectopic neural pathways, neural pathways and oxidation via the Nrf2/ARE pathway. This study may offer useful proofs the regulatory functions of UK in the cure of neuropathic pain.
Comparison of Intercostal Nerve Block and Serratus Anterior Plane Block for Perioperative Pain Management and Impact on Chronic Pain in Thoracoscopic Surgery
Authors: Jin Jiahui , Sun Huanan , Zhang Xinyue , Wu Xinyi , Pan Xue , Lv Danni , He Yi , Cao Xuezhao 
Published: September 2024

Objectives:
The intent of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of intercostal nerve block (ICNB) under direct thoracoscopic visualization and serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) with ultrasound guidance during thoracoscopic surgery’s perioperative period. Furthermore, it examined their impact on chronic pain and identifies potential risk factors associated with its development.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective randomized controlled study, 74 thoracoscopic surgery patients were randomly assigned to ICNB or SAPB groups. Attending surgeons administered ICNB, while anesthesiologists performed SAPB, both using 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine. Primary outcomes included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for resting and coughing pain at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively, perioperative opioid and NSAID consumption, and chronic pain incidence at 3 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes aimed to identify independent risk factors for chronic pain.

Results:
The primary results reveal that the SAPB group exhibited significantly lower VAS scores than the ICNB group for postoperative coughing at 24 hours (P<0.001, 95% CI=0.5, 1) and for resting pain at 48 hours (P=0.001, 95% CI=0.2, 1). Conversely, the ICNB group demonstrated a reduced VAS score for resting pain at 6 hours compared with the SAPB group (P=0.014, 95% CI=−0.5, 0.5). SAPB group required significantly less intraoperative sulfentanil (P<0.001, 95% CI=2.5, 5), remifentanil (P=0.005, 95% CI=−0.4, −0.1), and flurbiprofen ester (P=0.003, 95% CI=0, 50) than ICNB group. Chronic pain incidence was similar (P=0.572, 95% CI=0.412, 1.279), with mild pain in both ICNB and SAPB groups. Secondary findings indicate that resting VAS score at 12 hours (OR=7.59, P=0.048, 95% CI=1.02, 56.46), chest tube duration (OR=3.35, P=0.029, 95% CI=1.13, 9.97), and surgical duration (OR=1.02, P=0.049, 95% CI=1.00, 1.03) were significant predictors of chronic pain occurrence.

Discussion:
ICNB and SAPB demonstrated comparable analgesic effects, with similar rates of chronic pain occurrence. Chronic pain independent risk factors included resting VAS score at 12 hours, chest tube duration, and surgical duration.
Exploring the Promising Impact of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Gait and Balance in Patients With COPD
Authors: Khosravi Mobina , Naimi Sedigheh Sadat , Shokouhyan Seyed Mohammadreza , Nemati Aysan , Abedi Mohsen 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is commonly associated with respiratory difficulties, but it also presents with musculoskeletal problems. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on balance and gait in patients with COPD.

Review Methods:
We conducted a comprehensive search of 4 databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science, from inception to November 2023. The review included studies reporting the association between COPD status and balance and gait using PR. Two independent reviewers examined the titles and abstracts, extracted the data using a standardized form, and assessed the risk of bias of the included articles.

Summary:
A total of 14 studies with 320 patients in the study groups and 188 controls were included in the analysis. The risk of bias in the included studies was medium to high. The results showed that PR non-statistically significantly improved balance, as demonstrated by moderate effect sizes in the Timed Up and Go (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.1: 95% CI, −1.41 to 1.69) and Berg Balance Scale (SMD = −0.39: 95% CI, −1.30 to 0.53). However, the impact of PR on gait function was less clear, with mixed results. The study findings highlight the positive but non-significant effects of PR on balance in individuals with COPD. The results suggest that PR programs could include exercises that target balance improvement to enhance the overall quality of patients. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal duration and intensity of these exercises to achieve maximum benefits for patients with COPD.
Relationship between systolic blood pressure and renal function on clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from the prospective AF-GEN-UK Registry
Authors: Shantsila Alena , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Lane Deirdre A. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Blood pressure (BP) extremes and renal (dys)function contribute to poor outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Using data from the prospective AF-GEN-UK study, we investigated the effect of systolic BP and interaction with renal function for prognostication.

Methods:
Baseline systolic BP (SBP) values were recorded for 1580 patients (mean [SD] age 71 [11] years, 60% male) and categorized as follows: 120–129 mmHg (n = 289, reference group) <110 mmHg (n = 165), 110–119 mmHg, (n = 254), 130–139 mmHg (n = 321), 140–159 mmHg (n = 385) and ≥160 mmHg (n = 166). Cox regression analysis, adjusted for age, oral anticoagulation (OAC) and CHA2DS2-VASc score established the impact of SBP, renal function and their interaction on 1-year outcomes. SBP groups were compared using ANOVA and chi-square tests.

Results:
OAC use was 84% and similar across SBP groups. Renal dysfunction [estimated baseline glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min] was present in 24%, with significantly lower eGFR values in the SBP 110–119 mmHg group. History of heart failure was significantly higher in those with SBP <110 mmHg. SBP <110 mmHg was predictive of all cause-death on univariate [hazard ratio (HR) 2.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–4.64] and adjusted (aHR 9.71, 95% CI 1.73–54.5) regression. There was no statistically significant interaction between SBP and eGFR, no associations of SBP with haemorrhagic or thromboembolic events.

Conclusions:
In people with AF, SBP <110 mmHg was independently predictive of all-cause death, with no significant interaction between SBP and renal (dys)function. This may reflect general poor health and/or excessive antihypertensive therapy, which should be avoided.
A Comparative Study of Ocular Surface Disease in Childhood Glaucoma
Authors: Elhusseiny Abdelrahman M. , Haseeb Abid , Eleiwa Taher K. , Elfattah Dina Abd , Sadik Nashwa , Solyman Omar , Chauhan Muhammad Z. , Shaikh Zain , Elsaadani Ibrahim , Elwehidy Ahmed S. , Saeed Hajirah N. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate ocular surface disease (OSD) in patients with childhood glaucoma (CG).

Methods:
A multicenter, comparative, cross-sectional study of 41 eyes of 27 patients with CG and 42 eyes of 42 healthy age- and sex-matched controls was conducted between 2021 and 2022. Developmentally delayed children and those having a coexisting systemic illness that might affect the ocular surface were not enrolled. Data collected included glaucoma type, glaucoma medications and surgeries, anterior segment examination, symptom frequency and severity, and tear break-up time (TBUT). Dry eye disease (DED) symptoms were evaluated using an Arabic-language SPEED questionnaire.

Results:
The average number of glaucoma medications and surgeries among the 27 patients with CG was 1.17 and 1.4, respectively. TBUT was shorter in patients with CG compared with controls and even shorter when glaucoma medication usage was accounted for. Punctate epithelial erosions were more prevalent in patients with CG and of a higher grade. The severity of all DED parameters, and the prevalence of all DED parameters except for eye fatigue, were greater in patients with CG on the day of questionnaire intake. In addition, each additional glaucoma drop was associated with worse TBUT and ocular surface dryness. All analyses mentioned above were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
In this first study to comprehensively evaluate OSD in patients with CG, a significantly greater incidence of OSD signs and symptoms was found in patients with CG compared with a healthy population. Additional study by CG subtype is needed.
Tularemia in Pediatric Patients: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kossadoum Remadji Fiona , Baron Audrey , Parizot Marie , Husain Maya , Poey Nora , Maurin Max , Caspar Yvan , Caseris Marion , Bidet Philippe , Bonacorsi Stephane 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Unfamiliar to pediatricians, tularemia can lead to delays in diagnosis and hinder appropriate treatment, as its clinical presentation often shares similarities with other more prevalent causes of lymphadenopathy diseases in children. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to offer contemporary insights into the clinical manifestations and treatment strategies for tularemia infection in children.

Methods:
Three cases of glandular tularemia were diagnosed in the Pediatric Robert Debré Hospital (Paris) between October 2020 and February 2022. In addition, we conducted a literature search using PubMed in December 2023 of cases of tularemia in children published in English.

Results:
The 94 cases of the literature review highlight the large age range (from 6 weeks to 17 years) and multiple sources of infection, including diverse zoonotic transmission (86.7%) and contact with contaminated water (13.3%). Fever was a consistent symptom. Ulceroglandular (46.7%), glandular (17%) and oropharyngeal forms (18.1%) predominated. The most frequently used diagnostic method was serology (60.6%). The median time to diagnosis for tularemia was 23.5 days. Hospitalization was required in 63.2% of cases, with a median duration of 4 days. Targeted treatment was based on aminoglycosides (37.6%), fluoroquinolones (30.6%) or tetracyclines (12.9%), in accordance with WHO recommendations, with a mainly favorable outcome, although several cases of meningitis were observed.

Conclusion:
Pediatricians should be aware of the etiology of this febrile lymphadenopathy, notably when experiencing beta-lactam treatment failure, even in young infants, which could help reduce the extra costs associated with inappropriate antibiotic use and hospitalization.
Need for neurorehabilitation in the Middle East and North Africa from 1990 to 2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study
Authors: Hedayati Fatemeh , Montazeri Alireza , Sharifi Sarasyabi Mohammad , Darijani Seyed R. , Kayyal Managol , Nakhostin-Ansari Amin , Seyedmirzaei Homa 
Published: September 2024

Background:
This study will present the burden of diseases needing neurorehabilitation in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries and describe their epidemiology across age and sex groups.

Materials and methods:
This study was conducted based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 findings. The authors used years of healthy life lost due to disability (YLD) as a proxy for the need for neurorehabilitation, and extracted the YLD rates and counts for neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma, stroke, neural tube defects, Parkinson’s disease (PD), motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), tension-type headache, other neurological disorders (except migraine, dementia, and epilepsy), head injuries, spinal injuries, nerve injury, and asphyxiation across age groups, sexes, and MENA countries.

Results:
YLD rates of disorders needing neurorehabilitation in 1990 and 2021 were 408.08 and 496.19 per 100 000 people, respectively, indicating a 21.59% rise in YLD. Stroke had the highest YLD rates in both 1990 (150.19 per 100 000) and 2021 (192.75 per 100 000). Syria, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates had the highest YLD rates for conditions needing neurorehabilitation

Conclusions:
Considering the growing demand for neurorehabilitation with the aging of populations and the historical shortage of rehabilitation services in the region, the gap between the demand and supply may further increase in the coming years, leading to consequences for people living with neurological conditions in the region.
Enhanced Preoperative Planning for Intracranial Aneurysms Through Multimodal Image Fusion of Silent/Time-of-Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Computed Tomography Using 3DSlicer
Authors: Hou Xiaolin , Wu Tao , Li Dingjun , Yao Yuan , Zeng Lin 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
This study evaluates the effectiveness of multimodal image fusion (MIF) using silent and time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and computed tomography (CT) for preoperative planning in patients with intracranial aneurysms who have contraindications to contrast media.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study included 40 patients with intracranial aneurysms, diagnosed using three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (CTA). These patients underwent both Silent and TOF MRA scans, followed by a CTA scan. The multi-image fusion (MIF) technique, applied using 3DSlicer software, integrated the silent/TOF-MRA with CT images for preoperative assessment. This study compared the image quality, aneurysm detection sensitivity, and anatomic accuracy of the MIF images with those of three-dimensional CTA.

Results:
Silent-MRA-CT fusion images demonstrated higher sensitivity (95.5%) and lower false negative rates (4.5%) compared with TOF-MRA-CT. Furthermore, silent-MRA-CT fusion images outperformed TOF-MRA-CT in terms of signal homogeneity, venous signal interference suppression, and aneurysm visibility (all P < 0.05). The interclass correlation coefficient and kappa values for aneurysm morphology and shape indicated superior measurement consistency and shape concordance of silent-MRA-CT with CTA compared with TOF-MRA-CT (all P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
This study supports the use of silent/TOF-MRA-CT fusion imaging as a reliable alternative to CTA, noting that silent-MRA-CT closely mirrors CTA. Contrast-free MRA-CT fusion images have the potential to be used for preoperative planning in patients with intracranial aneurysms who have contraindications to contrast.
Immunoprevention Strategies for Colorectal Cancer in Lynch Syndrome Carriers
Authors: Bowen Charles M. , Sinha Krishna M. , Vilar Eduardo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The immune revolution that swept the field of oncology in the mid-2010s with the advent of checkpoint inhibitors has led to a paradigm shift in approaches toward adapting new cancer prevention modalities. Cancer vaccines have emerged from this era with astounding potential as a durable intervention to prevent cancers especially for patients with hereditary susceptibilities such as Lynch syndrome carriers. This review covers new insights in the immunoprevention landscape for patients living with Lynch syndrome including highlights ranging from clinical trials exploring the use of chemoprevention agents to boost immune cellularity to investigative studies using novel vaccine approaches to induce long-term antitumor immunity.
What to Eat for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Giovannucci Edward L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, the search for dietary factors for developing cancer prevention guidelines has led to a significant expansion in the study of dietary patterns and their relation to cancer. Dietary patterns, which consider the types, amounts, variety, and combination of consumed foods, may encompass additive, synergistic, or interactive effects on human health, compared with individual nutrients or foods. In this review, we discuss the history and methodologies of dietary pattern research, describe common dietary indices used in cancer research, and summarize the existing evidence on dietary patterns and cancer risk. Current evidence supports the beneficial role of dietary patterns that are rich in vegetables, legumes, whole fruit, and whole grains and limited in added sugars, refined grains, processed foods, and red and processed meat in preventing various cancers, including breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that dietary patterns based on biological mechanisms, such as hyperinsulinemic diet and inflammatory diet, hold promise and may be priority areas for future research.
Repurposing Drugs for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Choradia Nirmal , Szabo Eva 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The development of agents for cancer prevention is a lengthy process requiring a delicate balance between the safety and tolerability of potential interventions and effectiveness in preventing future cancer. Individuals at risk for a specific cancer are frequently at risk for multiple types of cancer as well as other chronic diseases, especially ones associated with aging. Shared environmental exposures, genetic predisposition, metabolic factors, and commonalities in pathogenesis suggest opportunities for combined targeting of cancer and other chronic diseases. Examples discussed here include mechanisms shared between various cancers and obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.