bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’argent, traducteur universel des passions idolâtres
Authors: Berlanda Thierry 
Published: June 2016

L’argent en lui-même n’est rien. Il en est pourtant venu à instaurer un vide gigantesque, là où un plus grand bien que lui, réel et consistant, régnait jadis. Qui était donc ce géant dont l’argent, semble-t-il, a pris la place, voire même l’aspect ? C’était la vie elle-même, ou plutôt la conscience et donc la joie que nous en avions. Ce mouvement millénaire, dont nous rappellerons le ressort phénoménologique radical, peut-il s’inverser ? Est-il encore temps que conscience et joie de vivre reprennent enfin chair ?
Auguste Sabatier : le symbolisme critique
Authors: Reymond Bernard 
Published: June 2016

« Symbolisme critique » est l’expression qui situe le mieux la pensée d’Auguste Sabatier présenté communément comme l’un des deux principaux mentors du « symbolo-fidéisme ». C’est aussi l’aboutissement d’un cheminement théologique qui a commencé avec ses études sur Paul et Jésus, où il s’est interrogé sur les relations entre leur personne et leur message. Puis, dans la foulée de Schleiermacher il s’est interrogé sur la notion même de religion, ce qui l’a conduit à relever qu’il n’y a pas de religion sans rites et sans doctrines, ce qui entraîne toute une réflexion sur la doctrine et sa relation avec les postures d’autorité, pour aboutir au symbolisme critique qui, justement, conjugue indissociablement l’exigence d’une pensée doctrinale et celle d’une critique toujours en éveil.
Salut extrinsèque et salut intrinsèque chez Georg Simmel
Authors: Bourquin Gilles 
Published: June 2016

L’auteur présente certains éléments de la philosophie de la religion de Georg Simmel qu’il inscrit dans une histoire du protestantisme libéral. Plus précisément, il s’intéresse à la conception simmélienne du salut, qu’il voit comme l’« extrême limite » de la tendance subjectiviste de la théologie libérale : le salut ne reposerait plus que sur l’âme elle-même. La position confine au solipsisme et conduit finalement à une aporie, reconnue, selon l’auteur, par Simmel lui-même. L’étude de cette position finalement aporétique offre néanmoins une introduction stimulante dans les débats internes au néo-protestantisme dans l’Allemagne wilhelmienne, en une période de « crise des valeurs » et du religieux.
Patient satisfaction in Dental Healthcare Centers
Authors: Ali Dena A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aimed to (1) measure the degree of patient satisfaction among the clinical and nonclinical dental services offered at specialty dental centers and (2) investigate the factors associated with the degree of overall satisfaction. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and ninety-seven participants from five dental centers were recruited for this study. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire to measure patient satisfaction with clinical and nonclinical dental services. Analysis of variance, t-tests, a general linear model, and stepwise regression analysis was applied. Results: The respondents were generally satisfied, but internal differences were observed. The exhibited highest satisfaction with the dentists’ performance, followed by the dental assistants’ services, and the lowest satisfaction with the center's physical appearance and accessibility. Females, participants with less than a bachelor's degree, and younger individuals were more satisfied with the clinical and nonclinical dental services. The stepwise regression analysis revealed that the coefficient of determination (R2
) was 40.4%. The patient satisfaction with the performance of the dentists explained 42.6% of the overall satisfaction, whereas their satisfaction with the clinical setting explained 31.5% of the overall satisfaction. Conclusion: Additional improvements with regard to the accessibility and physical appearance of the dental centers are needed. In addition, interventions regarding accessibility, particularly when booking an appointment, are required.
Effects of staining and bleaching on a nanohybrid composite with or without surface sealant
Authors: Halacoglu Derya Merve , Yamanel Kıvanc , Basaran Saffet , Tuncer Duygu , Celik Cigdem 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The effect of different staining solutions and a bleaching procedure on color stability and surface roughness of a nanohybrid resin composite were evaluated with or without liquid resin polishing (RP). Materials and Methods: Ninety-six disc-shaped resin composite specimens (A1 Shade, Z550 Filtek 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were prepared and divided randomly into two groups (n = 48). Liquid RP (BisCover LV, Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA) was applied in one group (RP) and not in the other (P). Specimen color and surface roughness were determined using a colorimeter and profilometer, respectively. After baseline measurements, each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 12) for immersion in a control (distilled water) or three different staining solutions (ice tea, red wine, and cola) for 1 week. Color and surface roughness were then reevaluated. After measurements, all specimens were bleached using a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel. The color and surface roughness of the specimens were reevaluated. Statistical Analysis: Data were subjected to an analysis of variance for repeated measurements among the groups (P < 0.05). Results: Staining and bleaching did not change the surface roughness of the RP and P groups (P > 0.05). Discoloration in the red wine group was higher than for the other staining solutions for the RP (P < 0.001) and P groups (P = 0.018). Conclusion: Application of liquid RP did not enhance the color stability and surface roughness of the composite resin restoration.
Assessment of post-contamination treatments affecting different bonding stages to dentin
Authors: Elkassas Dina , Arafa Abla 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To assess the effect of cleansing treatments following saliva and blood contamination at different bonding stages to dentin. Materials and Methods: Labial surfaces of 168 permanent maxillary central incisors were ground flat exposing superficial dentin. Specimens were divided into: uncontaminated control (A), contamination after etching (B), contamination after adhesive application (C), contamination after adhesive polymerization (D). Groups were further subdivided according to cleansing treatments into: rinsing (B1, C1, D1), re-etching (B2, D3), sodium hypochlorite application (B3), ethyl alcohol application (C2), acetone application (C3), rinsing and rebonding (D2), re-etching and rebonding (D4). Composite microcylinders were bonded to treated substrates and shear loaded micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) until failure and treated surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscope. Debonded surfaces were classified as adhesive, cohesive or mixed failure. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The μSBS values were ranked as follow; Group B: A > B3 > B2 > B1 > B, Group C: A > C3 > C2 > C1 > C, Group D: A > D4 > D1 = D2 ≥ D3. Debonded surfaces showed adhesive failure in Group B while cohesive failure in Groups C and D. Conclusions: Cleansing treatments differ according to bonding step; re-etching then rebonding suggested if etched substrate or polymerized adhesive were contaminated while acetone application decontaminated affected unpolymerized adhesive.
Full-mouth rehabilitation of Class II deep-bite patient: A 5-year clinical report
Authors: Ergun Gulfem , Bozkaya Erdal 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis case report demonstrates the full-mouth rehabilitation of a 45-year-old male patient with severe deep-bite by increasing vertical dimension. The technique of anterior maxillary osteotomy performed in the present situation has been found to be effective, requiring anterior and inferior repositioning of the anterior maxilla to provide an esthetic and functional implant supported fixed prosthesis. Four months after surgery, the fixation system was removed, and 6 dental implants were placed. The anterior and inferior movements of the segment allowed for natural tooth anatomy and size in the definitive implant supported partial fixed prosthesis. A satisfactory functional and esthetic result was obtained after 5 years of follow-up.
Effect of bracket base design on shear bond strength to feldspathic porcelain
Authors: Dalaie Kazem , Mirfasihi Armin , Eskandarion Solmaz , Kabiri Sattar 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study sought to assess the effect of bracket base design on the shear bond strength (SBS) of the bracket to feldspathic porcelain. Materials and Methods: This in vitro, experimental study was conducted on 40 porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations and four different bracket base designs were bonded to these specimens. The porcelain surfaces were etched, silanized, and bonded to brackets. Specimens were thermocycler, incubated for 24 h and were subjected to SBS. Data were analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene's test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's honest significant difference test. Adhesive remnant index was calculated and compared using Fisher's exact test. Results: One-way ANOVA showed that the SBS values were significantly different among the four groups (P < 0.001). Groups 1, 2, and 4 were not significantly different, but group 3 had significantly lower SBS (P < 0.001). Fractures mostly occurred at the porcelain-adhesive interface in Groups 1 and 2 while in Groups 3 and 4, bracket-adhesive and mixed failures were more common. Conclusion: The bracket base design significantly affects the SBS to feldspathic porcelain.
Role of enamel deminerlization and remineralization on microtensile bond strength of resin composite
Authors: Rizvi Abbas , Zafar Muhammad S. , Al-Wasifi Yasser , Fareed Wamiq , Khurshid Zohaib 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: This study is aimed to establish the microtensile bond strength of enamel following exposure to an aerated drink at various time intervals with/without application of remineralization agent. In addition, degree of remineralization and demineralization of tooth enamel has been assessed using polarized light microscopy. Materials and Methods: Seventy extracted human incisors split into two halves were immersed in aerated beverage (cola drink) for 5 min and stored in saliva until the time of microtensile bond testing. Prepared specimens were divided randomly into two study groups; remineralizing group (n = 70): specimens were treated for remineralization using casein phosphopeptides and amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) remineralization agent (Recaldent™; GC Europe) and control group (n = 70): no remineralization treatment; specimens were kept in artificial saliva. All specimens were tested for microtensile bond strength at regular intervals (1 h, 1 days, 2 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks) using a universal testing machine. The results statistically analyzed (P = 0.05) using two-way ANOVA test. Results: Results showed statistically significant increase in bond strength in CPP-ACP tested group (P < 0.05) at all-time intervals. The bond strength of remineralizing group samples at 2 days (~13.64 megapascals [MPa]) is comparable to that of control group after 1 week (~12.44 MPa). Conclusions: CPP-ACP treatment of teeth exposed to an aerated drink provided significant increase in bond strength at a shorter interval compared to teeth exposed to saliva alone.
Energy Consumption and the Size of the Informal Economy
Authors: Basbay Mustafa Metin , Elgin Ceyhun , Torul Orhan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper, the authors empirically investigate the relationship between energy consumption and the size of the informal economy. Relying on panel data regression models, their results show that at the aggregate level, energy intensity is inversely related to the size of the informal sector, providing actual empirical evidence on the presence of high labor and low capital intensity in the informal economy. Furthermore, the authors also find some support towards the presence of non-linearity and asymmetry in this relationship.
Ecological controls on N2O emission in surface litter and near-surface soil of a managed grassland: modelling and measurements
Authors: Grant Robert F. , Neftel Albrecht , Calanca Pierluigi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Large variability in N2O emissions from managed grasslands may occur because most emissions originate in surface litter or near-surface soil where variability in soil water content (θ) and temperature (Ts) is greatest. To determine whether temporal variability in θ and Ts of surface litter and near-surface soil could explain this in N2O emissions, a simulation experiment was conducted with ecosys, a comprehensive mathematical model of terrestrial ecosystems in which processes governing N2O emissions were represented at high temporal and spatial resolution. Model performance was verified by comparing N2O emissions, CO2 and energy exchange, and θ and Ts modelled by ecosys with those measured by automated chambers, eddy covariance (EC) and soil sensors on an hourly timescale during several emission events from 2004 to 2009 in an intensively managed pasture at Oensingen, Switzerland. Both modelled and measured events were induced by precipitation following harvesting and subsequent fertilizing or manuring. These events were brief (2–5 days) with maximum N2O effluxes that varied from  <  1 mgNm−2h−1 in early spring and autumn to  >  3 mgNm−2h−1 in summer. Only very small emissions were modelled or measured outside these events. In the model, emissions were generated almost entirely in surface litter or near-surface (0–2 cm) soil, at rates driven by N availability with fertilization vs. N uptake with grassland regrowth and by O2 supply controlled by litter and soil wetting relative to O2 demand from microbial respiration. In the model, NOx availability relative to O2 limitation governed both the reduction of more oxidized electron acceptors to N2O and the reduction of N2O to N2, so that the magnitude of N2O emissions was not simply related to surface and near-surface θ and Ts. Modelled N2O emissions were found to be sensitive to defoliation intensity and timing which controlled plant N uptake and soil θ and Ts prior to and during emission events. Reducing leaf area index (LAI) remaining after defoliation to half that under current practice and delaying harvesting by 5 days raised modelled N2O emissions by as much as 80 % during subsequent events and by an average of 43 % annually. Modelled N2O emissions were also found to be sensitive to surface soil properties. Increasing near-surface bulk density by 10 % raised N2O emissions by as much as 100 % during emission events and by an average of 23 % annually. Relatively small spatial variation in management practices and soil surface properties could therefore cause the large spatial variation in N2O emissions commonly found in field studies. The global warming potential from annual N2O emissions in this intensively managed grassland largely offset those from net C uptake in both modelled and field experiments. However, model results indicated that this offset could be adversely affected by suboptimal land management and soil properties.
Brewer spectrometer total ozone column measurements in Sodankylä
Authors: Karppinen Tomi , Lakkala Kaisa , Karhu Juha M. , Heikkinen Pauli , Kivi Rigel , Kyrö Esko 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Brewer total ozone column measurements started in Sodankylä in May 1988, 9 months after the signing of The Montreal Protocol. The Brewer instrument has been well maintained and frequently calibrated since then to produce a high-quality ozone time series now spanning more than 25 years. The data have now been uniformly reprocessed between 1988 and 2014. The quality of the data has been assured by automatic data rejection rules as well as by manual checking. Daily mean values calculated from the highest-quality direct sun measurements are available 77 % of time with up to 75 measurements per day on clear days. Zenith sky measurements fill another 14 % of the time series and winter months are sparsely covered by moon measurements. The time series provides information to survey the evolution of Arctic ozone layer and can be used as a reference point for assessing other total ozone column measurement practices.
The comparison of biological activity of chocolates made by different technological procedures
Authors: Godočiková Lucia , Ivanišová Eva , Árvay Július , Petrová Jana , Kačániová Miroslava 
Published: June 2016

Chocolate is one of the most consumed delicacies in the world. Nowadays, raw chocolates without vanilla or allergens are getting more attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the biological activity of different types of chocolate - cold processed chocolate and chocolate made by traditional way. Total content of fat, crude fibre, polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids and metylxantines - theobromine and caffeine was evaluated. The antioxidant activity was determined by a method using DPPH radical, reducing power method and phosphomolybdenum method. Both evaluated chocolates had similar content of fat and crude fibre, but sample of chocolate made by traditional way probably due to the higher content of cocoa mass had almost two times higher content of total polyphenols, flavonoids and phenolic acids as cold processed chocolate. Also the content of theobromine and caffeine was slightly higher in chocolate made by traditional way. This sample had the highest antioxidant activity - 93.68 mg TEAC.g-1 determined by phosphomolybdenum method, while in the sample of chocolate made by cold processed way was measeured value 50.82 mg TEAC.g-1. Similarly, reducing power of chocolate made by traditional way was almost two times higher, but antioxidant activity determined with DPPH method was similar in both samples (3.58 and 3.62 mg TEAC.g-1). The antioxidants and metylxantines in chocolates determine its potential to be a significant source of biologicaly active compounds with favorable effects to human health. It can be concluded in this study, that chocolate produced by conventional production technology can have more health-promoting ingredients reserved, but more extensive researches are still needed.
Kjemisk klima og helseproblemer
Authors: Låg Jul 
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGFysiske klimafaktorer har alltid vært fulgt med oppmerksomhet fra menneskene, mens interessen forkjemisk klima er av nyere dato. Viktige årsaker til den nye interessen er at naturforurensning tilleggesstørre betydning enn før, og at det i vår tid er et utbredt ønske om sterkere innsats i forebyggendehelsearbeid. Det er påvist at i humusdekket i naturlig jordsmonn avtar innholdet av hovedbestandelersom natrium og magnesium stort sett med stigende avstand fra havet. Lignende lovmessigheter gjelderogså for sporstoffer som jod, brom, klor og selen. I tillegg avtar disse også med nedbørsmengden. Dettetyder på at tilførsel av marine elementer til jordsmonn via nedbør er en meget viktig geokjemisk prosess,og de kan ha stor betydning for menneskers og dyrs helse. Endringer i nedbørens surhetsgrad ogvariasjoner i mengdeforholdet mellom de stoffer som tilføres jordsmonnet kan gi betydelige utslag iflora og fauna. Store befolkningsgrupper påvirkes til enhver tid av viktige kjemiske klimafaktorer, ogdet er sterkt ønskelig at forskning og veiledning innenfor dette fagfeltet intensiveres.Låg J. Chemical climate and health problems. Nor J Epidemiol 1998; 8 (1): 19-20. ENGLISH SUMMARYPhysical factors of the climate have for a long time been considered to be of great interest. Variations inthe chemical climate have received a growing attention only in the period after World War II, a trendwhich is due to an increasing interest in pollution and preventive health activities in our times. Thecontents of some of the major constituents in surface soil, such as sodium and magnesium, have beenfound to decrease with increasing distance from the sea. The contents of trace elements, such as iodine,bromine, chlorine, and selenium also show this type of distributional patterns, but in addition thecontents in the soil of these elements increase with the amount of precipitation. Such data indicate thatairborne transportation of elements from the sea to the continents is a geochemical process of greatimportance for most types of biological life. Great population groups are to a varying degree influencedby factors of the chemical climate, and increased research activities in this field is desirable.
Early intervention in elderly clients' health problems identified by home helps
Authors: Ranhoff Anette Hylen 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjective: Design: Setting: Subjects: Intervention: Main outcome measures: Results: Conclusions: Key words: Home help; elderly; case-finding; general loss of function; long-term care; randomizedcontrolled trialHome helps can detect and communicate to a doctor functional decline and clinicalmanifestations of disease among their elderly clients. The study indicated, but provided no definiteevidence, that direct referral from home helps to a hospital-based general practitioner can keep elderlypeople at home longer.51 (45.1%) of the intervention subjects were referred once or more often, 110 referrals in all.General loss of function was the most frequent cause, and in all but six referrals specific diagnoseswere made. Home helps' referrals of patients with infection and stroke corresponded with the finaldiagnoses. After the first year of the study, the percentage of clients continuing to live at home washigher in the intervention group (P = 0.05 after adjustment for baseline differences in age and gender),mortality was similar, and use of hospital beds higher in the intervention group.Causes of referral, ICD-9 diagnostic categories, time under surveillancebefore long-term care or death, use of community services and hospital beds.Home helps were trained to recognize signs of functional and mental impairment andasked to call the study doctor when new medical or functional problems were identified. The interventionlasted for two years with an additional year for observation.Home help clients, 75 years or older, 113 in the intervention group and 161 in the comparisongroup.Community health services and a hospital-based general practice.Open study with quasi-experimental design. Randomization took place at the level of theorganizational units of home helps.To study the effect of early intervention in health problems identified by home helps.
Subjective worsening of memory predicts dementia after three years
Authors: Brækhus Anne , Øksengård Anne Rita , Engedal Knut , Laake Knut 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTStudy Objective: Design: Setting: Paricipants: Measurements: Results: Conclusions: Key words: aged, 75 years and over; subjective memory impairment; prospective study; dementiaElderly persons expressing a worsening of memory function are at increased risk ofdeveloping dementia.When adjusting for potential confounding by depressive symptoms, two of the GMSquestions scored at baseline, 'Is it more difficult to remember things than it used to be?' and 'Do youwrite reminders to yourself more often now than before?', were significant predictors of dementiawithin three years, OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.2–8.6 and OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.0–7.6, respectively.Dementia (DSM-III and DSM-III-R criteria).285 non-demented persons aged 75 years and above at start of study, 77.5% women.Persons living at home.Prospective study of a random sample of older people with follow-ups after three, six, nineand twelve years.To assess whether complaining of memory impairment, as measured by the subjectivepart of the Geriatric Mental State examination (GMS, the Canberra community version), predictslater development of dementia.