bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of mammalian migrations for refuge, breeding, and food
Authors: Gnanadesikan Gitanjali E. , Pearse William D. , Shaw Allison K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMany organisms migrate between distinct habitats, exploiting variable resources while profoundly affecting ecosystem services, disease spread, and human welfare. However, the very characteristics that make migration captivating and significant also make it difficult to study, and we lack a comprehensive understanding of which species migrate and why. Here we show that, among mammals, migration is concentrated within Cetacea and Artiodactyla but also diffusely spread throughout the class (found in 12 of 27 orders). We synthesize the many ecological drivers of round‐trip migration into three types of movement—between breeding and foraging sites, between breeding and refuge sites, and continuous tracking of forage/prey—each associated with different traits (body mass, diet, locomotion, and conservation status). Our results provide only partial support for the hypothesis that migration occurs without phylogenetic constraint. Furthermore, our findings suggest that categorizing migration into these three types may aid predictions of migrants’ responses to environmental changes.
Phenotypic convergence of artificially reared and wild trout is mediated by shape plasticity
Authors: Sánchez‐González Jorge Ruben , Nicieza Alfredo G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity can be viewed as the first level of defense of organism homeostasis against environmental stress and therefore represents the potential to deal with rapid environmental changes. Transitions between low complexity, artificial environments and complex, natural habitats can promote phenotypic plasticity. Here, we conducted an experimental introduction with juvenile brown trout to evaluate the plasticity of shape in response to a transition between contrasting environments. We released 202 juvenile trout reared under hatchery conditions in a natural stream and analyzed changes in shape and morphological variability after 5 months. A geometric morphometrics approach based on 14 landmarks was used to compare changes in body shape for 37 fish recaptured at the end of the experiment. A similar number of hatchery and wild fish caught at the receptor stream were used as controls for shape in the two environments. After 5‐months, fish showed significant change in shape, shifting from elongated to robust shapes, and affecting to the relative position of the caudal peduncle. These new shapes were closer to wild than to the hatchery shapes, suggesting a process of rapid phenotype change. Moreover, these changes were concomitant with a marked increase in morphological variability. Our results support the hypothesis that phenotypic plasticity is a major potential for adjustment to environmental change but not the idea that shape can be constrained by initial shapes. We confirmed the “increased” variance hypothesis and phenotype convergence with wild morphs. This has important implications because stresses the role of phenotypic plasticity as a buffer that allows organisms to cope with important environmental discontinuities at time scales that preclude the onset of adaptive adjustments. We suggest that environmental conditioning and shape plasticity can overcome both reduced morphological diversity and phenotype uncoupling with habitat characteristics resulting from initial rearing in low complexity artificial environments.
Cryptic lineage divergence in marine environments: genetic differentiation at multiple spatial and temporal scales in the widespread intertidal goby Gobiosoma bosc
Authors: Milá Borja , Van Tassell James L. , Calderón Jatziri A. , Rüber Lukas , Zardoya Rafael 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe adaptive radiation of the seven‐spined gobies (Gobiidae: Gobiosomatini) represents a classic example of how ecological specialization and larval retention can drive speciation through local adaptation. However, geographically widespread and phenotypically uniform species also do occur within Gobiosomatini. This lack of phenotypic variation across large geographic areas could be due to recent colonization, widespread gene flow, or stabilizing selection acting across environmental gradients. We use a phylogeographic approach to test these alternative hypotheses in the naked goby Gobiosoma bosc, a widespread and phenotypically invariable intertidal fish found along the Atlantic Coast of North America. Using DNA sequence from 218 individuals sampled at 15 localities, we document marked intraspecific genetic structure in mitochondrial and nuclear genes at three main geographic scales: (i) between Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast, (ii) between the west coast of the Florida peninsula and adjacent Gulf of Mexico across the Apalachicola Bay, and (iii) at local scales of a few hundred kilometers. Clades on either side of Florida diverged about 8 million years ago, whereas some populations along the East Cost show divergent phylogroups that have differentiated within the last 200,000 years. The absence of noticeable phenotypic or ecological differentiation among lineages suggests the role of stabilizing selection on ancestral phenotypes, together with isolation in allopatry due to reduced dispersal and restricted gene flow, as the most likely explanation for their divergence. Haplotype phylogenies and spatial patterns of genetic diversity reveal frequent population bottlenecks followed by rapid population growth, particularly along the Gulf of Mexico. The magnitude of the genetic divergence among intraspecific lineages suggests the existence of cryptic species within Gobiosoma and indicates that modes of speciation can vary among lineages within Gobiidae.
Visually induced analgesia during massage treatment in chronic back pain patients
Authors: Löffler A. , Trojan J. , Zieglgänsberger W. , Diers M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrevious findings suggest that watching sites of experimental and chronic pain can exert an analgesic effect. Our present study investigates whether watching one's back during massage increases the analgesic effect of this treatment in chronic back pain patients.MethodsTwenty patients with chronic back pain were treated with a conventional massage therapy. During this treatment, patients received a real‐time video feedback of their own back. Watching a neutral object, a video of another person of the same sex being massaged, a picture of the own back, and keeping one's eyes closed were used as controls. These conditions were presented in randomized order on five separate days.ResultsAll conditions yielded significant decreases in habitual pain intensity. The effect of real‐time video feedback of the own back on massage treatment was the strongest and differed significantly from the effect of watching a neutral object, but not from the other control conditions, which may have induced slight effects of their own.ConclusionsRepeated real‐time video feedback may be useful during massage treatment of chronic pain.SignificanceThis study shows that inducing visual induced analgesia during massage treatment can be helpful in alleviating chronic pain.
Pyrethroid concentrations and persistence following indoor application
Authors: Nakagawa Lia Emi , Costa Alan Roberto , Polatto Ricardo , Nascimento Cristiane Mazarin do , Papini Solange 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Residential indoor environments are potential sources of exposure to pyrethroids, which have low acute toxicity to humans but are allergenic and suspected endocrine disruptors. The present study evaluated the persistence of the pyrethroids cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin on indoor surfaces and in house dust. Cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin were applied and maintained on aluminum foils and in dust samples for 112 d under controlled conditions and for 12 mo in a test house; periodically, they were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin concentrations showed decreases of 10.1% and 7.7% on aluminum foils, and 12.7% and 16.4% in dust, respectively, at 112 d under controlled conditions. In the test house, cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin concentrations decreased by 40.3% and 60.2% on aluminum foils, and 29.6% and 56.2% in dust at the end of the study. The results show the considerable persistence of cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin indoors and indicate the risk of exposure to these products. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2895–2898. © 2017 SETAC
Helping Students Select Appropriately Challenging Text: Application to a Test of Second Language Reading Ability
Authors: Sheehan Kathleen M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA model‐based approach for matching language learners to texts of appropriate difficulty is described. Results are communicated to test takers via a targeted reading range expressed on the reporting scale of an automated text complexity measurement tool (ATCMT). Test takers can use this feedback to select reading materials that are well matched to their abilities, that is, materials that are expected to be challenging, yet not so challenging as to cause frustration or reduce motivation. An application to the problem of helping students prepare to take the TOEFL iBT® test is presented.
Characterization of odour‐active compounds in Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum DC.) fruits from Nepal
Authors: Cicchetti Esméralda , Duroure Leslie , Perez Marion , Sizaire Laura , Vasseur Clémence 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEssential oils and CO2 extracts of Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum DC syn. Zanthoxylum alatum Hemsl.) from fruits cropped in the Nepalese districts Surkhet, Jajarkot and Salyan from 2012 to 2015 were analysed to explain their typical odour and characterize their volatile profile. Best extraction conditions to ensure the right balance of the terpenic fresh notes compared with the sulphury fruity character were obtained with milled fruits and CO2 extraction. Volatile composition allowed supplying zones discrimination. Among more than 130 volatile constituents, identified by GC–MS and quantified by GC‐FID with the use of predicted relative response factors, only 20 were found to have an odour impact by GC‐O using a hybrid methodology between detection frequency and time intensity methods. Limonene, α‐pinene and myrcene explain the terpenic notes. Linalool, citronellal, 6‐methyl heptanal and octanal bring the fatty and aldehydic tone. The spicy facet is linked to (E)‐methyl cinnamate and (Z)‐ethyl cinnamate. 4‐mercapto‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐one, 3‐mercaptohexanol, 3‐mercaptohexyl acetate and 1‐p‐menthene‐8‐thiol are the key olfactive constituents contributing to the typical tropical and grapefruit odours. Their presence was confirmed using the stable isotope dilution assay and reported for the first time in Timur.
Longitudinal changes in global and domain specific cognitive function in the very‐old: findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study
Authors: Stephan Blossom C. M. , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela , Granic Antoneta , Collerton Joanna , Davies Karen , Saxby Brian K. , Wesnes Keith A. , Kirkwood Thomas B.L. , Jagger Carol 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveAgeing is associated with changes in cognition in some, but not all domains. In young–old adults, defined as persons aged 65–84 years, baseline cognitive function has been shown to impact on cognitive trajectories. Whether similar patterns occur in the very‐old, defined as persons aged 85 years and over, is not known.MethodsLongitudinal changes (5 years' follow‐up) in global and domain specific cognitive function including memory, attention and speed were investigated in participants from the Newcastle 85+ Study (n = 845). At baseline, participants were grouped using Mini‐Mental State Examination cut‐off scores and dementia status into the following: not impaired, mildly impaired or severely impaired/dementia groups.ResultsOnly a limited number of cognitive measures showed significant decline in performance over time. Where observed, change generally occurred only in the severely impaired group. In the severely impaired group, small differences in baseline age were associated with poorer performance over time on most measures. Education was not protective against cognitive decline in any group.ConclusionsThere are individuals who maintain a high level of cognitive function or only show mild impairments even into their ninth decade of life. This group of successful cognitive agers may provide insight for identifying predictors of cognitive integrity in later life. In individuals with severe impairment, cognitive performance shows significant decline over time, especially in measures of attention and speed. Further work to identify those individuals at highest risk of cognitive decline is necessary to implement early support and intervention strategies in this rapidly expanding age group. © 2017 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Child care quality and Dutch 2‐ and 3‐year‐olds' socio‐emotional outcomes: Does the amount of care matter?
Authors: Broekhuizen Martine L. , van Aken Marcel A.G. , Dubas Judith S. , Leseman Paul P.M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHigh amounts of early child care have sometimes been linked to higher levels of behaviour problems, while high‐quality child care has more often been related to fewer behaviour problems and more social competence. The current study investigated whether the level of centre emotional and behavioural support (child care quality) interacted with the amount of child care in predicting children's socio‐emotional behaviour. Participants were 417 children (mean age = 27 months) from 61 Dutch daycare centres. The amount of daycare ranged from 1 to 5 days per week (M = 2.3 days). Multi‐level analyses showed that, independent of the amount of daycare, high levels of centre emotional and behavioural support were related to more caregiver‐rated social competence 1 year later. In addition, children spending 3.5 days or more in highly supportive daycare centres showed the lowest levels of parent‐rated externalizing behaviour 1 year later. The findings emphasize (a) that the combined effects of the amount and quality of child care are important and (b) that high‐quality early child care is related to children's socio‐emotional development. Further policy, practice, and research implications are discussed.Highlights

We studied in a Dutch sample how the amount and quality of daycare interacted in relation to children's socio‐emotional outcomes.
High levels of daycare quality were related to more teacher‐rated social competence.
Children spending 3.5 days or more in highly supportive daycare centers showed less parent‐rated externalizing behavior.
Mechanoresponsiveness of human adipose stem cells on nanocomposite and micro‐hybrid composite
Authors: van Esterik Fransisca A.S. , Ghazanfari Samaneh , Zandieh‐Doulabi Behrouz , Semeins Cornelis M. , Kleverlaan Cornelis J. , Klein‐Nulend Jenneke 
Published: June 2017

AbstractResin‐based composites are used for bone repair applications and comprise resin matrix and different sized filler particles. Nanometer‐sized filler particles improve composite's mechanical properties compared with micrometer‐sized filler particles, but whether differences exist in the biological response to these composites is unknown. Natural bone comprises a nanocomposite structure, and nanoscale interactions with extracellular matrix components influence stem cell differentiation. Therefore we hypothesized that nanometer‐sized filler particles in resin‐based composites enhance osteogenic differentiation of stem cells showing a more bone cell‐like response to mechanical loading compared with micrometer‐sized filler particles. Pulsating fluid flow (PFF; 5 Hz, mean shear stress: 0.7 Pa; 1 h) rapidly, within 5 min, increased nitric oxide production in human adipose stem cells (hASCs) on nanocomposite, but not on micro‐hybrid composite. PFF increased RUNX2 expression in hASCs on micro‐hybrid composite, but not on nanocomposite after 2 h post‐incubation. PFF did not affect mean cell orientation and shape index of hASCs on both composites. In conclusion, the PFF‐increased nitric oxide production in hASCs on nanocomposite, and increased osteogenic differentiation of hASCs on micro‐hybrid composite suggest different responses to mechanical loading of hASCs on composite with nanometer‐sized and micrometer‐sized filler particles. This might have important implications for bone tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2986–2994, 2017.
A polydopamine peptide coating enables adipose‐derived stem cell growth on the silicone surface of cochlear implant electrode arrays
Authors: Schendzielorz Philipp , Rak Kristen , Radeloff Katrin , Völker Johannes , Gehrke Thomas , Scherzad Agmal , Kleinsasser Norbert , Hagen Rudolf , Radeloff Andreas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe simultaneous application of neurotrophic factors with cochlear implantation is proposed to enhance the bioelectrical interface between electrodes and auditory neurons, and thus improve speech intelligibility in patients with cochlear implants (CIs). In cell‐based approaches, the goal is to colonize CIs with cells producing neurotrophic factors. This study aims to evaluate whether a polydopamine (PD) functionalization of the hydrophobic silicone surface of the electrode carrier enables colonization of adipose‐derived stem cells known to deliver neurotrophic factors. Surface characteristics of PD‐coated silicone samples and electrode carriers were determined, and the proliferation and viability of adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) on these surfaces were subsequently analyzed. A homogenous PD coating and cell growth with regular morphology was observed on coated silicone samples and electrode arrays. Hydrophilicity and cell viability was significantly enhanced by PD surface modification. Insertion forces of coated electrode arrays did not increase compared with untreated CIs. Hence, PD coating of the silicone surface of CIs might allow for sufficient colonization with ASCs as a continuous source of neurotrophic factors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomater Res Part A: 106B: 1431–1438, 2018.
Reporting of imaging diagnostic accuracy studies with focus on MRI subgroup: Adherence to STARD 2015
Authors: Hong Patrick Jiho , Korevaar Daniel A. , McGrath Trevor A. , Ziai Hedyeh , Frank Robert , Alabousi Mostafa , Bossuyt Patrick M.M. , McInnes Matthew D.F. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo evaluate adherence of diagnostic accuracy studies in imaging journals to the STAndards for Reporting of Diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) 2015. The secondary objective was to identify differences in reporting for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies.Materials and MethodsMEDLINE was searched for diagnostic accuracy studies published in imaging journals in 2016. Studies were evaluated for adherence to STARD 2015 (30 items, including expanded imaging specific subitems). Evaluation for differences in STARD adherence based on modality, impact factor, journal STARD adoption, country, subspecialty area, study design, and journal was performed.ResultsAdherence (n = 142 studies) was 55% (16.6/30 items, SD = 2.2). Index test description (including imaging‐specific subitems) and interpretation were frequently reported (>66% of studies); no important differences in reporting of individual items were identified for studies on MRI. Infrequently reported items (<33% of studies) included some critical to generalizability (study setting and location) and assessment of bias (blinding of assessor of reference standard). New STARD 2015 items: sample size calculation, protocol reporting, and registration were infrequently reported. Higher impact factor (IF) journals reported more items than lower IF journals (17.2 vs. 16 items; P = 0.001). STARD adopter journals reported more items than nonadopters (17.5 vs. 16.4 items; P = 0.01). Adherence varied between journals (P = 0.003). No variability for study design (P = 0.32), subspecialty area (P = 0.75), country (P = 0.28), or imaging modality (P = 0.80) was identified.ConclusionImaging accuracy studies show moderate adherence to STARD 2015, with only minor differences for studies evaluating MRI. This baseline evaluation will guide targeted interventions towards identified deficiencies and help track progress in reporting.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:523–544.
mfat‐1 transgene protects cultured adult neural stem cells against cobalt chloride‐mediated hypoxic injury by activating Nrf2/ARE pathways
Authors: Yu Junfeng , Yang Haiyuan , Fang Bin , Zhang Zhengwei , Wang Ying , Dai Yifan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIschemic stroke is a devastating neurological disorder and one of the leading causes of death and serious disability in adults. Adult neural stem cell (NSC) replacement therapy is a promising treatment for both structural and functional neurological recovery. However, for the treatment to work, adult NSCs must be protected against hypoxic‐ischemic damage in the ischemic penumbra. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the mfat‐1 transgene on cobalt chloride (CoCl2)‐induced hypoxic‐ischemic injury in cultured adult NSCs as well as its underlying mechanisms. The results show that in the CoCl2‐induced hypoxic‐ischemic injury model, the mfat‐1 transgene enhanced the viability of adult NSCs and suppressed CoCl2‐mediated apoptosis of adult NSCs. Additionally, the mfat‐1 transgene promoted the proliferation of NSCs as shown by increased bromodeoxyuridine labeling of adult NSCs. This process was related to the reduction of reactive oxygen species. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis revealed a much higher expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream genes (HO‐1, NQO‐1, GCLC). Taken together, our findings show that the mfat‐1 transgene restored the CoCl2‐inhibited viability and proliferation of NSCs by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response elements (ARE) signal pathway to inhibit oxidative stress injury. Further investigation of the function of the mfat‐1 transgene in adult protective mechanisms may accelerate the development of adult NSC replacement therapy for ischemic stroke.
A functional evaluation of the spatiotemporal patterns of temperature change in India
Authors: Narula Pankaj , Sarkar Kaustav , Azad Sarita 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe present endeavour aims to identify the spatiotemporal footprints of temperature change in India by analysing monthly temperature data pertaining to the period of 1901–2005. Functional data analysis (FDA) has been implemented for detecting the temporal manifestation of mean change years. The estimated change years have been observed to largely pertain to the latter half of 20th century and to fall in close proximity to the previously reported global change years 1963 and 1976. Large portions of the Indian mainland have been observed to exhibit significant temperature changes after approximately every 12 years since 1940. The all‐India temperature rise is estimated to be 0.53 °C during 1901–2005. It has also been observed that, temperature rise has primarily occurred during post‐monsoon and winter seasons. An index, consolidating the results of FDA such as change years and temperature rise, has been developed to quantify temperature‐change severity. Based on the spatial distribution of index values, the hot‐spots have been found to cluster over the north‐central and eastern parts of the country.