bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of an Added Fraction of Hygroscopic Salt Particles on the Operating Behavior of Surface Filters for Dust Separation
Authors: Zhang Qian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn innovative approach to manipulating the operating behavior of surface filters for dust separation by raw gas conditioning using hygroscopic salt particles is described. The basis for a targeted manipulation of the operating behavior of surface filters is the fact that a favorable performance adjusts itself at long cycle times. These are obtained by a slow increase in pressure drop during the filtration phase and by a low residual pressure drop after the regeneration. Technically, such states can be realized by so‐called raw gas conditioning. The deliquescence and efflorescence properties of hygroscopic salt particles can be considered as possibilities for the formation of solid bridges between dust particles in the dust cake. With this concept, a flexible and targeted strengthening of the cohesion in the dust cake without an accompanying modification of the adhesion between the cake layer and the filter medium is theoretically possible.
Affinitive Poly(vinylidene difluoride) Membranes for Enhancing Au(III) Separation with Extremely High Selectivity
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Li Lei , Yang Chuanfang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThiourea‐poly(vinylidene difluoride) (Th‐PVDF) resin was synthesized and then cast into affinitive microporous membranes for Au(III) adsorption. The addition degree of thiourea to the resin was promoted from 22.6 % to 36.3 % when using NaOH as the catalyst. Higher addition degrees resulted in enhanced resin adsorption capacity. It also led to increased membrane hydrophilicity, higher membrane loading capacity, and membrane utilization efficiency. The membrane exhibited an extremely high selectivity toward Au(III) over other metal ions, and was easily regenerated for reuse without performance deterioration within four adsorption‐regeneration cycles. X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XRS) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation revealed that Au(III) was partially bonded to the membrane as gold chloride and partially reduced to Au(0) as gold particles.
A Coconut Leaf Sheath Derived Graphitized N‐Doped Carbon Network for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Jayakumar Anjali , Zhao Jun , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA highly graphitized nitrogen‐doped carbon network is synthesized from biomass, obtained from coconut tree leaf sheath and successfully demonstrates high energy storage properties for use in supercapacitors. A simple thermal physical activation in carbon dioxide atmosphere also enables the electrochemical activity of the carbon to be improved. A detailed study is carried out to understand the dependence of the electrochemical performance on parameters such as the concentration of urea used for doping, the activation temperature, and time of activation. An optimized sample is obtained to give a very high electrochemical performance. Our best sample, obtained by using a 0.5 M urea solution for doping, annealed at 700 °C under a N2 atmosphere and activated at an activation temperature of 800 °C under a CO2 atmosphere, named 0.5 M‐700 N‐800C, gave a very high specific capacitance of 360.9 F g−1 in 2 M KOH in the potential window of 0 to −1.1 V. This performance as a negative electrode exceeds the specific capacitance of graphene hydrogels (305 F g−1) that we prepared and is more than that of commercially available activated carbon 218.18 F g−1. Thus, it brings to light the possibility of using our material as an efficient, cheap substitute for negative electrode materials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, and activated carbon. This process is facile, extremely cheap, and environmental friendly, which utilizes urea, a non‐hazardous nitrogen dopant.
Controlled Pyrolysis of Ni‐MOF‐74 as a Promising Precursor for the Creation of Highly Active Ni Nanocatalysts in Size‐Selective Hydrogenation
Authors: Nakatsuka Kazuki , Yoshii Takeharu , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMetal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous organic‐inorganic crystalline materials that have attracted much attention as H2 storage devices and catalytic supports. In this paper, the synthesis of highly‐dispersed Ni nanoparticles (NPs) for the hydrogenation of olefins was achieved by employing Ni‐MOF‐74 as a precursor. Investigations of the structural transformation of Ni species derived from Ni‐MOF‐74 during heat treatment were conducted. The transformation was monitored in detail by a combination of XRD, in situ XAFS, and XPS measurements. Ni NPs prepared from Ni‐MOF‐74 were easily reduced by the generation of reducing gases accompanied by the decomposition of Ni‐MOF‐74 structures during heat treatment at over 300 °C under N2 flow. Ni‐MOF‐74‐300 exhibited the highest activity for the hydrogenation of 1‐octene due to efficient suppression of excess agglomerated Ni species during heat treatment. Moreover, Ni‐MOF‐74‐300 showed not only high activity for the hydrogenation of olefins but also high size‐selectivity because of the selective formation of Ni NPs covered by MOFs and the MOF‐derived carbonaceous layer.
Gaining Access to Bacteria through (Reversible) Control of Lipophilicity
Authors: Galstyan Anzhela , Putze Johannes , Dobrindt Ulrich 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe development of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is highly dependent on the development of suitable photosensitizers (PSs); ideally, affinity of a PS towards bacterial cells should be much higher than that towards mammalian cells. A cationic charge on a PS may lead to its selective binding to bacteria mediated through electrostatic interaction; however, the photodynamic outcome is highly dependent on the lipophilicity of the PS. Herein, we report the aPDT effect of silicon(IV) phthalocyanine derivatives bearing four positive charges and methyl, phenyl, or naphthyl substituents at the periphery of the macrocycle. We show that through modulation of lipophilicity, it is possible to find a therapeutic window in which bacteria, but not mammalian cells, are effectively killed. The photobiological activity of these PSs was significantly lower when they were deployed as host–guest complexes with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]). CB[7] blocks the hydrophobic part of the PS and reduces its lipophilicity, indicating that a hydrophobic interaction with the outer membrane of bacterial cells is essential for aPDT activity. The efficacies of the obtained PSs have been evaluated by using different uropathogenic E. coli isolates and human kidney epithelial carcinoma cells.
The impact of physical activity on fatigue and quality of life during and after adjuvant treatment for breast cancer
Authors: Manneville Florian , Rotonda Christine , Conroy Thierry , Bonnetain Franck , Guillemin Francis , Omorou Abdou Y. 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDAlthough physical activity (PA) can alleviate fatigue and improve quality of life (QoL) in patients with breast cancer (BC), not all domains of PA may have equal impact. The objective of the current study was to examine the longitudinal impact of PA components on the evolution of fatigue and QoL during and after adjuvant treatment for BC.METHODSThe women included in the study were participants in the 2‐year longitudinal FATSEIN (“Fatigue dans le cancer du Sein”) study. Fatigue and QoL were measured using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 30‐item QoL questionnaire, respectively. Group‐based trajectory analysis was used to determine patterns of PA evolution (frequency, duration, and intensity). Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between PA patterns and fatigue and QoL were analyzed by using multivariable linear regression and a mixed model.RESULTSAmong the 424 women who were included (mean ± standard deviation age, 57.1 ± 10.4 years), 2 trajectories were identified for each of the 3 PA components: low and insufficient frequency (51.2%) or regular and moderate frequency (48.8%), low and insufficient duration (47.6%) or regular and moderate duration (52.4%), and low intensity (47.2%) or low to moderate intensity (52.8%). Overall, during treatment, fatigue was increased and QoL was decreased, and the reverse was observed after treatment. During treatment, increased fatigue and decreased QoL were limited by regular PA frequency (β = −8.71 for total fatigue; β = 14.59 for emotional function), but the results were less significant after treatment.CONCLUSIONSPA, especially its frequency, is an important determinant of fatigue and QoL during adjuvant treatment for BC. The promotion of regular PA among women who are receiving treatment for BC may be an effective way to reduce fatigue and improve QoL. Cancer 2018;124:797‐806. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Evaluation of hemodynamic performance of total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) with porous inserts
Authors: Dhayananth K. , Narasimhan Arunn 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInfants born with univentricular heart disease undergo Fontan surgery to establish separate systemic and pulmonary circulations. This surgery results in better blood circulation across a single ventricle that supplies oxygenated blood to the body and passively returns venous blood to the lungs through the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). Reducing the pressure drop across the TCPC during Fontan circulation helps in reducing the work load of univentricular heart, and various designs have been proposed for this purpose. The goal of this work is to analyze the effect of placing a porous insert at an appropriate position in the pulmonary artery, on the pressure drop across the TCPC. A 3D computational model of a total TCPC connection provided with a porous insert is developed and solved by finite volume method, under assumptions of steady, laminar, and Newtonian flows. The effects of the porous medium properties—porosity and permeability—across the connection, are analyzed. Compared to the no‐porous medium case, TCPC with the porous medium insert exhibits a maximum reduction of 27% in energy loss for the flow range studied. The porous medium used in TCPC connection lowers the energy dissipation by curtailing the flow recirculation zones across the connection. The influences of the diameter of the blood vessel, total cardiac output, and the thickness, permeability, and position of porous media on energy loss are analyzed. The criteria to select the porous medium properties and position for a given Fontan geometry are also determined.
Enhanced Self‐Assembly Abilities Coupled with Nano‐ and Microscale Non‐Equilibrium Phenomena in Flowing Microfields
Authors: Numata Munenori , Nogami Rie , Kitamura Akitomo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractKinetically controlled self‐assemblies have the potential to produce unique supramolecules that are not accessible through conventional supramolecular strategies. However, this still remains a challenge for chemists owing to the lack of versatile and reliable methodologies. A straightforward way to control a kinetic process is to spontaneously change the micro‐environments surrounding the greater than thousands of self‐assembling molecules. Flowing solutions in microflow channels can provide fields for kinetically controlled self‐assemblies. So far, based on this concept, we have demonstrated that intermolecular interactions could be enhanced under rapid and uniform molecular diffusion environments in microflow channels. To show the generality of our developed self‐assembly system, herein, we have selected supramolecular polymerization of perylene bisimides (PBIs) dyes as a model. Amide‐appended PBI derivatives having various alkyl spacers (Cn=3, 4, 5, 6) have been selected as an ideal model. These PBIs have the potential to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds at bisimide edges (closed form). Remarkably, in the case of PBI (Cn=3), the closed form is less active toward self‐assembly due to steric hindrance of the peripheral dodecyl groups, while the non‐intramolecular hydrogen‐bonded (open) form is active for self‐assembly. The effective concentration of PBI (Cn=3) should be decreased under the equilibrium concentration. Throughout this paper, we have investigated whether microflow fields could influence the supramolecular polymerization processes of PBIs. It was found that the mole fraction of aggregated dye (αagg) drastically increased in the microflow field compared to the conventional vial process. Especially for PBI (Cn=3), effective self‐assemblies were achieved even at lower concentrations. Under the same conditions, self‐assembly did not occur in a vial. Furthermore, aggregation rates also accelerated in microflow. These results were reasonably responsible for reducing the activation energy required for nucleation. In other words, the microflow field raised the local concentration of activated PBI (Cn=3) toward nucleation. Throughout this paper, we have highlighted the importance of laminar flow from the viewpoint of a non‐equilibrium field. Firstly, it causes uniform molecular diffusion that would be essential for effective supramolecular polymerization (nucleation and elongation). In addition, laminar flow itself – a microscaled non‐equilibrium phenomenon – allowed preliminary supramolecular polymers to form a hierarchical assembly. These processes occurred along the microflow channel very rapidly.
A t/k diagnosis algorithm on hypercube‐like networks
Authors: Xie Min , Ye Liangcheng , Liang Jiarong 
Published: November 2017

SummaryProcessor fault diagnosis takes a key role in fault‐tolerant computing on multiprocessor systems. The t/k diagnosis strategy which is a generalization of the precise and pessimistic diagnosis strategies can significantly improve the self‐diagnosing capability of the system. Using this tool, it is possible to deal with large faults in the system. This paper presents a t/k diagnosis algorithm on n‐dimensional hypercube‐like networks (include Hypercubes, Crossed cubes, Möbius cubes, Locally Twisted cubes, and Twisted cubes) for any k∈[0,n−2]. The algorithm can correctly identify all nodes except at most k nodes undiagnosed. It runs in O(N) time, where N=2n is the total number of nodes of n‐dimensional hypercube‐like networks. To the best of our knowledge, in the case k≥4, there is no known t/k diagnosis algorithm for general diagnosable system or any specific system.
Isolation, Cryopreservation, and Immunophenotyping of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Lauer Fredine T. , Denson Jesse L. , Burchiel Scott W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis unit describes procedures for the isolation, cryopreservation, and thawing of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (HPBMC) and analysis of cell surface markers (CSM) for immunophenotyping using polychromatic flow cytometry. This methodology can be used to ensure that cell integrity and phenotype stability are not altered through cryopreservation and extended storage. For this analysis, HPBMC were isolated from 7 healthy individuals, and 11‐color flow cytometry was performed on freshly isolated samples as well as samples cryopreserved for short‐ and long‐term periods. There is no significant difference in the percentage of cells expressing the CSM CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CD16, CD19, or CD56 between freshly isolated and cryopreserved HPBMC. Hence, cryopreservation of HPBMC does not influence the phenotype of distinct cellular subsets in isolated mononuclear cells. This protocol for HPBMC isolation, cryopreservation, and thawing of HPBMC is intended for long‐term studies of large cohorts requiring sample shipment and subsequent batch analysis. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Co‐Culture of Neurons and Microglia
Authors: Roqué Pamela J. , Costa Lucio G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMicroglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, have been implicated in numerous neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Activation of microglia by a variety of stimuli induces the release of factors, including pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, that contribute to modulating neuro‐inflammation and oxidative stress, two crucial processes linked to disorders of the central nervous system. The in vitro techniques described here will provide a set of protocols for the isolation and plating of primary cerebellar granule neurons, primary cortical microglia from a mixed glia culture, and methods for co‐culturing both cell types. These methods allow the study of how microglia and the factors they release in this shared environment mediate the effects of toxicants on neuronal function and survival. The protocols presented here allow for flexibility in experimental design, the study of numerous toxicological endpoints, and the opportunity to explore neuroprotective strategies. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS) for Identification of Designer Stimulants Including 2C Amines, NBOMe Compounds, and Cathinones in Urine
Authors: Ketha Hemamalini , Webb Milad , Clayton Larry , Li Sean 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPhenethylamine derivatives are being increasingly exploited for recreational use as “designer” stimulants designed to mimic psychostimulant properties of amphetamine or other illicit substances like 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA [ecstasy]). Clandestine operations meticulously design phenethylamines so the user can bypass legal action when detected, as many of these are yet to be regulated by government authorities. Substituted phenethylamines or 2C amines, N‐methoxybenzyl derivatives of the corresponding 2C amines commonly known as NBOMe compounds, and cathinones are among the most commonly abused phenethylamines. Current FDA‐approved assays used in screening for illicit drug use lack the sensitivity needed to detect designer stimulants making it challenging for toxicologists to accurately identify these compounds. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) is a sensitive method for identifying designer stimulants. This unit describes and compares two qualitative GC‐MS methods for identifying 2C amines, NBOMe compounds, and cathinones in urine. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of Neurotoxicology
Authors: Costa Lucio G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe nervous system has a central and primary function in the body, and its relevance and complexity make it a target for a large number of toxic substances. The most common forms of neurotoxicity are the death of neurons (neuronopathy), the degeneration of axons (axonopathy), damage to glial cells (e.g., myelinopathy), and interference with the axonal membrane or neurotransmission. Important neurotoxicants are found among pesticides, metals, solvents, natural substances, and industrial chemicals. Environmental chemicals may also contribute to the etiopathogenesis of neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. Specific testing guidelines exist to assess potential neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity in particular, and novel alternative testing approaches are being developed. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isocyanate‐Free Approach to Water‐Borne Polyurea Dispersions and Coatings
Authors: Ma Shuang , van Heeswijk Ellen P. A. , Noordover Bart A. J. , Sablong Rafaël J. , van Benthem Rolf A. T. M. , Koning Cor E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHere, an isocyanate‐free approach to produce polyureas from diamines and dicarbamates as monomers is reported. A side reaction limiting the molecular weight during the diamine/ dicarbamate polymerization, that is, N‐alkylation of amine end groups, is investigated. Mitigation of the N‐alkylation, either by enhancing the carbamate aminolysis rate or by substitution of dimethylcarbamates with more sterically hindered diethylcarbamates, affords polyureas with sufficiently high molecular weights to assure satisfactory mechanical properties. Stable polyurea dispersions with polyamines as internal dispersing agents are prepared, and the properties of the corresponding coatings are evaluated.
Exploring resistive switching‐based memristors in the charge–flux domain: A modeling approach
Authors: Al Chawa M. Moner , Picos Rodrigo , Roldan Juan B. , Jimenez‐Molinos Francisco , Villena Marco Antonio , de Benito Carol 
Published: November 2017

SummaryWe analyzed resistive switching‐based memristors by using the charge–flux relations instead of the traditional current–voltage approach. We employed simulated and experimental data to develop a model that can be easily included in circuit simulators. Physical simulations of devices with different conductive filament sizes were employed to fit the 3‐parameter model introduced. Later on, the relations between the model parameters and the conductive filament geometrical features were characterized in‐depth. In addition, a model to obtain the energy employed in the reset process was presented. Finally, we used the model to estimate the experimental conductive filament radius distribution using a set of 3000 reset cycles. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telecytology: Is it possible with smartphone images?
Authors: Sahin Davut , Hacisalihoglu Uguray Payam , Kirimlioglu Saime Hale 
Published: November 2017

IntroductionThis study aimed to discuss smartphone usage in telecytology and determine intraobserver concordance between microscopic cytopathological diagnoses and diagnoses derived via static smartphone images.MethodsThe study was conducted with 172 cytologic material. A pathologist captured static images of the cytology slides from the ocular lens of a microscope using a smartphone. The images were transferred via WhatsApp® to a cytopathologist working in another center who made all the microscopic cytopathological diagnoses 5‐27 months ago. The cytopathologist diagnosed images on a smartphone without knowledge of their previous microscopic diagnoses. The Kappa agreement between microscopic cytopathological diagnoses and smartphone image diagnoses was determined.ResultsThe average image capturing, transfer, and remote cytopathological diagnostic time for one case was 6.20 minutes. The percentage of cases whose microscopic and smartphone image diagnoses were concordant was 84.30%, and the percentage of those whose diagnoses were discordant was 15.69%. The highest Kappa agreement was observed in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (1.000), and the lowest agreement was observed in urine cytology (0.665). Patient management changed with smart phone image diagnoses at 11.04%.ConclusionsThis study showed that easy, fast, and high‐quality image capturing and transfer is possible from cytology slides using smartphones. The intraobserver Kappa agreement between the microscopic cytopathological diagnoses and remote smartphone image diagnoses was high. It was found that remote diagnosis due to difficulties in telecytology might change patient management. The developments in the smartphone camera technology and transfer software make them efficient telepathology and telecytology tools.