bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reciprocal inhibition between ARID1 and MET1 in male and female gametes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Lei , Wu Wenye , Zhao Youshang , Zheng Binglian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBoth female and male gametophytes harbor companion cells and gametes. MET1, a DNA methyltransferase, is down‐regulated in companion cells. However, how MET1 is differentially regulated in gametophytes remains unexplored. ARID1, a transcription factor that is specifically depleted in sperm cells, is occupied by MET1‐dependent CG methylation. Here, we show that MET1 confines ARID1 to the vegetative cell of male gametes, but ARID1 conversely represses MET1 in the central cell of female gametes. Compared to the vegetative cell‐localization in wild type pollen, ARID1 expands to sperm cells in the met1 mutant. To understand whether MET1‐dependent ARID1 inhibition exists during female gametogenesis, we first show that ARID1 is expressed in the megaspore mother cell (MMC), ARID1 but not MET1 is detectable in the central cell at maturity. Interestingly, compared to the absence of MET1 in the central cell and the egg cell of wild type ovules, MET1 significantly accumulates in these two cells in arid1 ovules. Lastly, we show that both ARID1 and MET1 are required for the cell specification of MMC. Collectively, our results uncover a reciprocal dependence between ARID1 and MET1, and provide a clue to further understand how the specification of MMC is likely regulated by DNA methylation.
The polyketide synthase OsPKS2 is essential for pollen exine and Ubisch body patterning in rice
Authors: Zhu Xiaolei , Yu Jing , Shi Jianxin , Tohge Takayuki , Fernie Alisdair R. , Meir Sagit , Aharoni Asaph , Xu Dawei , Zhang Dabing , Liang Wanqi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLipid and phenolic metabolism are important for pollen exine formation. In Arabidopsis, polyketide synthases (PKSs) are essential for both sporopollenin biosynthesis and exine formation. Here, we characterized the role of a polyketide synthase (OsPKS2) in male reproduction of rice (Oryza sativa). Recombinant OsPKS2 catalyzed the condensation of fatty acyl‐CoA with malonyl‐CoA to generate triketide and tetraketide α‐pyrones, the main components of pollen exine. Indeed, the ospks2 mutant had defective exine patterning and was male sterile. However, the mutant showed no significant reduction in sporopollenin accumulation. Compared with the WT (wild type), ospks2 displayed unconfined and amorphous tectum and nexine layers in the exine, and less organized Ubisch bodies. Like the pksb/lap5 mutant of the Arabidopsis ortholog, ospks2 showed broad alterations in the profiles of anther‐related phenolic compounds. However, unlike pksb/lap5, in which most detected phenolics were substantially decreased, ospks2 accumulated higher levels of phenolics. Based on these results and our observation that OsPKS2 is unable to fully restore the exine defects in the pksb/lap5, we propose that PKS proteins have functionally diversified during evolution. Collectively, our results suggest that PKSs represent a conserved and diversified biochemical pathway for anther and pollen development in higher plants.
Potassium channel AKT1 is involved in the auxin‐mediated root growth inhibition in Arabidopsis response to low K+ stress
Authors: Li Juan , Wu Wei‐Hua , Wang Yi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe changes in external K+ concentration affect plant root growth. However, the molecular mechanism for perceiving a K+ signal to modulate root growth remains unknown. It is hypothesized that the K+ channel AKT1 is involved in low K+ sensing in the Arabidopsis root and subsequent regulation of root growth. Along with the decline of external K+ concentration, the primary root growth of wild‐type plants was gradually inhibited. However, the primary root of the akt1 mutant could still grow under low K+ (LK) conditions. Application of NAA inhibited akt1 root growth, but promoted wild‐type root growth under LK conditions. By using the ProDR5:GFP and ProPIN1:PIN1‐GFP lines, we found that LK treatment reduced auxin accumulation in wild‐type root tips by degrading PIN1 proteins, which did not occur in the akt1 mutant. The LK‐induced PIN1 degradation may be due to the inhibition of vesicle trafficking of PIN1 proteins. In conclusion, our findings indicate that AKT1 is required for an Arabidopsis response to changes in external K+, and subsequent regulation of K+‐dependent root growth by modulating PIN1 degradation and auxin redistribution in the root.
A meta‐analysis of interview length on reliability and validity
Authors: Thorsteinson Todd J. 
Published: August 2017

First impressions are frequently seen as a biasing factor that may prevent an interviewer from forming a comprehensive assessment of the applicant. However, research has found that people can make surprisingly accurate impressions of others based on minimal information. Additional exposure to the applicant would be expected to lead to a more accurate impression, but a previous meta‐analysis on the employment interview found evidence for a negative relationship between the length of the interview and validity. Using a much larger sample of studies, the current meta‐analysis examined whether length of the interview was related to the validity of the interview. In addition, I examined the relation between interview length and reliability. Results revealed that the subset of studies reporting length of interviews yielded reliability and validity estimates consistent with more comprehensive meta‐analyses. Consistent with previous research on consensus judgements of personality, length of the interview was found to be unrelated to reliability. However, contrary to the previous meta‐analysis, validity was also unrelated to the length of the interview.Practitioner points

Little attention has been given to how the length of time spent interviewing job candidates relates to the reliability and validity of interviews

Length of the interview was not related to reliability or validity of interviews

Results suggest that organizations can implement shorter interviews to save time and money compared to longer interviews, without sacrificing reliability and predictive validity
Perspectives of hospital emergency department staff on trauma‐informed care for injured children: An Australian and New Zealand analysis
Authors: Hoysted Claire , Babl Franz E , Kassam‐Adams Nancy , Landolt Markus A , Jobson Laura , Curtis Sarah , Kharbanda Anupam B , Lyttle Mark D , Parri Niccolò , Stanley Rachel , Alisic Eva 
Published: August 2017

AimTo examine Australian and New Zealand emergency department (ED) staff's training, knowledge and confidence regarding trauma‐informed care for children after trauma, and barriers to implementation.MethodsED staff's perspectives on trauma‐informed care were assessed using a web‐based self‐report questionnaire. Participants included 468 ED staff (375 nursing and 111 medical staff) from hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, χ2 tests and multiple regressions.ResultsOver 90% of respondents had not received training in trauma‐informed care and almost all respondents (94%) wanted training in this area. While knowledge was associated with a respondent's previous training and profession, confidence was associated with the respondent's previous training, experience level and workplace. Dominant barriers to the implementation of trauma‐informed care were lack of time and lack of training.ConclusionsThere is a need and desire for training and education of Australian and New Zealand ED staff in trauma‐informed care. This study demonstrates that experience alone is not sufficient for the development of knowledge of paediatric traumatic stress reactions and trauma‐informed care practices. Existing education materials could be adapted for use in the ED and to accommodate the training preferences of Australian and New Zealand ED staff.
Acute Toxicity of Ammonia and Nitrite to Sea Bream, Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758), in Relation to Salinity
Authors: Kir Mehmet , Sunar Murat C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSea bream, Sparus aurata, is one of the most important fish species that is commonly cultured in the Mediterranean and the eastern coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. The life cycle of sea bream in its natural habitat passes through hyposaline and hypersaline lagoons. It is important to determine the tolerance of the fish to nitrogenous compounds for aquaculture at maximum stocking densities. In the present study, a series of acute experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of salinity on ammonia and nitrite toxicity to sea bream. The fish were exposed to different ammonia and nitrite concentrations according to the static renewal methodology at three different salinities (10, 20, and 30 ppt) and at a temperature of 20 C and a pH of 8.2. The toxic effect of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2‐N) decreased with increasing salinity levels (P < 0.001). Acute toxicity (96‐h lethal concentration 50 [LC50]) values of TAN were determined to be 5.93, 11.72, and 19.38 mg/L at 10, 20, and 30 ppt salinity, respectively. The 96‐h LC50 values of NO2‐N were determined to be 370.80, 619.47, and 806.33 mg/L at 10, 20, and 30 ppt salinity, respectively. Results indicate that sea bream is less tolerant to ammonia but more tolerant to nitrite compared with some other fish species.
N‐acetylcysteine and prednisolone treatment improved serum biochemistries in suspected flupirtine cases of severe idiosyncratic liver injury
Authors: Borlak Jürgen , van Bömmel Florian , Berg Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsThe analgesic flupirtine has been linked to cases of severe idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury (sFILI). We therefore examined whether N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) and glucocorticoid therapy is effective in the management of sFILI.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study efficacy of NAC‐infusion and oral prednisolone treatments on liver‐function‐tests (LFTs) and clinical outcome of 21 sFILI cases was evaluated by comparing it to an external cohort of 30 sFILI cases not receiving the antidote. LFTs were also assayed in human hepatocyte cultures treated with flupirtine for 96 hours. Additionally, modulation of glutathione stores in cultures of human hepatocytes treated with 80 drugs was investigated.ResultsUpon admission, patients presented Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin elevations of up to 90‐, 35‐ and 30‐fold of upper limits of normal (ULN) respectively. The average INR was 2.2, and 50% of patients had a high Model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score of ≥25 and included 5 cases of 28‐32. The combined NAC/prednisolone treatment was well tolerated and led to significant ALT, AST and INR improvements within 2 weeks. However, the hyperbilirubinaemia resolved slowly. Two patients with late start of NAC/prednisolone treatment developed hepatic encephalopathy and required liver transplantation; the remaining patients recovered without long‐term sequela. Based on serum biochemistries sFILI cases resolved more rapidly (P < .01) when compared to untreated sFILI patients and included a case with fatal outcome. Additionally, in vitro studies revealed glutathione depletion as a common culprit for drugs with liver liabilities.ConclusionsBased on these initial findings a prospective randomized clinical trial (RCT) is needed to confirm safety and efficacy of NAC/prednisolone treatment in sFILI.
Identification of hepatitis C virus 2k/1b intergenotypic recombinants in Georgia
Authors: Zakalashvili Mamuka , Zarkua Jaba , Weizenegger Michael , Bartel Jan , Raabe Monika , Zangurashvili Lela , Kankia Nino , Jashiashvili Nino , Lomidze Maka , Telia Tengiz , Kerashvili Vakhtang , Zhamutashvili Maia , Abramishvili Nikoloz , Hedskog Charlotte , Chodavarapu Krishna , Brainard Diana M. , McHutchison John G. , Mo Hongmei , Svarovskaia Evguenia , Gish Robert G. , Rtskhiladze Irakli , Metreveli David 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the hepatitis C virus intergenotype recombinant strain RF1_2k/1b in Georgia, confirm viral recombination by full genome sequencing, and determine a genetic relationship with previously described recombinant hepatitis C viruses.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data from 1421 Georgian patients with chronic hepatitis C. Genotyping was performed with the INNO‐LiPA VERSANT HCV Genotype 2.0 Assay.ResultsVirus isolates were assigned to nonspecific hepatitis C genotypes 2a/2c (n = 387) as performed by sequencing of core and NS5B genes. Subsequently, sequencing results classified the core region as genotype 2k and the NS5B region as genotype 1b for 72% (n = 280) of genotype 2 patients, corresponding to 19.7% of hepatitis C patients in Georgia. Eight samples were randomly selected for full genome sequencing which was successful in 7 of 8 samples. Analysis of the generated consensus sequences confirmed that all 7 viruses were 2k/1b recombinants, with the recombination breakpoint located within 73‐77 amino acids before the NS2‐NS3 junction, similar to the previously described RF1_2k/1b virus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of the Georgian 2k/1b viruses and RF1_2k/1b, suggesting that they are genetically related.ConclusionsThe 19.7% prevalence of RF1_2k/1b in Georgia patients is far higher than has generally been reported to date worldwide. Identification of recombinants in low income countries with a high prevalence of HCV infection might be reasonable for choosing the most cost‐effective treatment regimens.
Hepatitis C virus plays with fire and yet avoids getting burned. A review for clinicians on processing bodies and stress granules
Authors: Fernández‐Carrillo Carlos , Pérez‐Vilaró Gemma , Díez Juana , Pérez‐del‐Pulgar Sofía 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOver the last few years, many reports have defined several types of RNA cell granules composed of proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA) that regulate gene expression on a post‐transcriptional level. Processing bodies (P‐bodies) and stress granules (SGs) are among the best‐known RNA granules, only detectable when they accumulate into very dynamic cytosolic foci. Recently, a tight association has been found between positive‐stranded RNA viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), and these granules. The present article offers a comprehensive review on the complex and paradoxical relationship between HCV, P‐bodies and SGs from a translational perspective. Despite the fact that components of P‐bodies and SGs have assiduously controlled mRNA expression, either by sequestration or degradation, for thousands of years, HCV has learned how to dangerously exploit certain of them for its own benefit in an endless biological war. Thus, HCV has gained the ability to hack ancient host machineries inherited from prokaryotic times. While P‐bodies and SGs are crucial to the HCV cycle, in the interferon‐free era we still lack detailed knowledge of the mechanisms involved, processes that may underlie the long‐term complications of HCV infection.
Associations between social support, psychological well‐being, decision making, empowerment, infant and young child feeding, and nutritional status in Ugandan children ages 0 to 24 months
Authors: Ickes Scott B. , Wu Michael , Mandel Maia P. , Roberts Alison C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMaternal capabilities—qualities of mothers that enable them to leverage skills and resources into child health—hold potential influence over mother's adoption of child caring practices, including infant and young child feeding. We developed a survey (n = 195) that assessed the associations of 4 dimensions of maternal capabilities (social support, psychological health, decision making, and empowerment) with mothers' infant and young child feeding practices and children's nutritional status in Uganda. Maternal responses were converted to categorical subscales and an overall index. Scale reliability coefficients were moderate to strong (α range = 0.49 to 0.80). Mothers with higher social support scores were more likely to feed children according to the minimum meal frequency (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.38 [1.10, 1.73]), dietary diversity (OR [95% CI] = 1.56 [1.15, 2.11]), iron rich foods, (OR [95% CI] = 1.47 [1.14, 1.89]), and minimally acceptable diet (OR [95% CI] = 1.55 [1.10, 2.21]) indicators. Empowerment was associated with a greater likelihood of feeding a minimally diverse and acceptable diet. The maternal capabilities index was significantly associated with feeding the minimum number of times per day (OR [95% CI] = 1.29 [1.03, 1.63]), dietary diversity (OR [95% CI] = 1.44 [1.06, 1.94]), and minimally acceptable diet (OR [95% CI] = 1.43 [1.01, 2.01]). Mothers with higher psychological satisfaction were more likely to have a stunted child (OR [95% CI] = 1.31 [1.06, 1.63]). No other associations between the capabilities scales and child growth were significant. Strengthening social support for mothers and expanding overall maternal capabilities hold potential for addressing important underlying determinants of child feeding in the Ugandan context.
Novel mutation in the SOD1 gene in a patient with early‐onset, rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Okazaki Masahiro , Suzuki Hidekazu , Takahashi Yuji , Ishiura Hiroyuki , Goto Jun , Hirano Makito , Saigoh Kazumasa , Nakamura Yusaku , Naruse Hiroya , Mitsui Jun , Tsuji Shoji , Kusunoki Susumu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGenetic mutations have been found in many familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and 11% of sporadic cases. The most common causative gene in Japan is the SOD1 gene, encoding Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase, a radical scavenger. We report a 25‐year‐old man who had rapidly progressive sporadic ALS with a novel mutation, Gly147Ala, in this gene. Several missense mutations at this residue have been reported in patients with sporadic and familial ALS, among whom the onset age of the present patient was youngest. He had severe weakness of four limbs, with severe respiratory and bulbar involvements within 8 months. Recently, the radical scavenger, edaravone, has been approved as a medicine to treat ALS in Japan. Accumulation of patients like the present patient might be important for immediate diagnosis and treatment of patients who have sporadic ALS with mutations in causative genes.
Early‐life adversity, epigenetics, and visceral hypersensitivity
Authors: Liu S. , Hagiwara SI. , Bhargava A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAbdominal pain is associated with many gastrointestinal dysfunctions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Visceral hypersensitivity is a key reason for development of abdominal pain that presents in these gastrointestinal disorders/diseases. The pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity is complex and still far from being fully understood. In animal studies, visceral hypersensitivity has been linked to several early‐life adverse (ELA) events. In humans, IBD, functional dyspepsia, and IBS can have adult onset, though the adverse events that lead to visceral hypersensitivity are largely uncharacterized. In this issue of the journal, Aguirre et al. report the interesting finding that epigenetics underlies the effects of ELA events on visceral hypersensitivity. This mini‐review examines models of ELA events leading to visceral hypersensitivity and the potential role of epigenetics, as reported by Aguirre et al. and others.
Manometric evaluation of the motilin receptor agonist camicinal (GSK962040) in humans
Authors: Deloose E. , Depoortere I. , de Hoon J. , Van Hecken A. , Dewit O. E. , Vasist Johnson L. S. , Barton M. E. , Dukes G. E. , Tack J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe gut hormone motilin stimulates gastrointestinal motility by inducing gastric phase III of the migrating motor complex (MMC) and enhancing the rate of gastric emptying. Camicinal (GSK962040), a small molecule motilin receptor agonist, has been shown to increase gastrointestinal motility.MethodsIn this proof of concept study the effects of camicinal on MMC activity, esophageal and gastric pH was evaluated in eight healthy volunteers as a secondary endpoint. Doses of 50 and 150 mg were compared to placebo for a period of 24 hours in a double‐blinded randomized crossover trial.Key ResultsThe 50 mg dose (n=4) of camicinal had no significant impact on gastroduodenal manometry or pH parameters. A single dose of 150 mg (n=4) induced a gastric phase III after 0:34 h (0:25‐0:58), which was significantly faster compared to placebo (18:15 h (4:32‐22:16); P=.03). Moreover, the high dose significantly increased the occurrence of gastric phase III contractions compared to placebo (12% vs 39%; P=.0003). This increase in gastric phase III contractions during a period of 24 hour was due to an increased occurrence of gastric phases III during the daytime (5% vs 50%; P=.0001). The same dose however did not affect small bowel manometry parameters or esophageal and gastric pH.Conclusions and InferencesConsidering its stimulating effect on the MMC and gastric emptying, camicinal is an attractive candidate for the treatment of gastroparesis and gastroesophageal reflux disease. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00562848.
Up‐regulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) and down‐regulation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD)
Authors: Cheung C. K. Y. , Lan L. L. , Kyaw M. , Mak A. D. P. , Chan A. , Chan Y. , Wu J. C. Y. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe role of immune activation in Functional Dyspepsia (FD) patients without previous infection is unclear. We compare the gastric and circulating brain‐derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), receptor potential vanilloid type (TRPV) families and various cytokines in FD patients.MethodsConsecutive adult FD patients (Rome III) with no recent history of gastroenteritis and asymptomatic healthy controls were recruited for upper endoscopy. Subjects with GERD and IBS as predominant symptoms, diabetes mellitus, current or previous Helicobacter pylori infection, psychiatric illness and recent use of NSAID or PPI were excluded. Corpus biopsies and serum samples were collected.Key ResultsForty three [M:F=8:35, mean age: 35.0 (9.3)] FD patients were compared with 23 healthy controls [M:F=8:15, mean age: 36.6 (10.2)]. FD patients had postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) as predominant sub‐type (PDS: 36, EPS: 2). There was no significant difference in the median inflammation score (FD:0 (0‐1) vs Control:0 (0‐1), P=.79). However, FD patients had significantly higher mRNA expression of TRPV1 (FD:0.014±0.007, Control:0.003±0.001, 4.6 fold, P=.02) and TRPV2 (FD:0.012±0.006, Control:0.003±0.001, 4 fold, P=.02) compared to controls. The serum (FD:258.0±12.3 ng ml−1, Control:319.7±18.1 ng ml−1, P<.01) and gastric BDNF mRNA (FD:0.06±0.008, Control:0.092±0.01, 0.65 fold, P=.02)levels significantly lower in FD patients. Secretion of cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, G‐CSF, TGF‐β2, MCP‐1)was also highly correlated with dyspeptic symptoms in patients with FD.Conclusions & InferencesDespite lacking gastric mucosal inflammation, up‐regulation of TRPV1 and TRPV2, down‐regulation of BDNF were observed in FD patients. These suggest that immune alteration may contribute to the pathogenesis of FD without any previous infection.