bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Difference in Conventional Polyethylene Wear Between Yttria-stabilized Zirconia and Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum Femoral Heads at 10 Years
Authors: Morrison Todd A. , Moore Rebecca D. , Meng Jia , Rimnac Clare M. , Kraay Matthew J. 
Published: October 2017

Background Concerns have arisen regarding deterioration of wear properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) femoral head on conventional polyethylene (PE) bearings due to YSZ phase transformation. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in long-term PE wear properties between YSZ and cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) femoral heads. Methods Ten-year radiographic wear assessment was performed on a cohort of patients enrolled in a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing total hip arthroplasty with YSZ or Co-Cr-Mo femoral heads on conventional, non-cross-linked PE. Results PE linear wear, annualized wear, and steady-state wear rates remained low and similar between groups. No cases of osteolysis were observed. Conclusions Measured conventional PE wear was similar between YSZ and Co-Cr-Mo femoral heads with the steady-state wear rates for both remaining below the generally accepted threshold at which osteolysis typically occurs. Whether clinically relevant phase transformation with YSZ femoral heads occurs is uncertain; however, the use of YSZ femoral heads in this study was not associated with increased PE wear, osteolysis, or deterioration of wear properties.
Discrimination of Olive Oil by Cultivar, Geographical Origin and Quality Using Potentiometric Electronic Tongue Fingerprints
Authors: Souayah Fatma , Rodrigues Nuno , Veloso Ana C. A. , Dias Luís G. , Pereira José A. , Oueslati Souheib , Peres António M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLegal regulations are set for protecting claims regarding olive oil geographical denomination. When meteorological or agroecological factors similarly affect different regions, the origin identification is a challenging task. This study demonstrated the use of a potentiometric electronic tongue coupled with linear discriminant analysis to discriminate the geographical origin of monovarietal Tunisian olive oil produced from local cv Chemlali (Kairouan, Sidi Bouzid or Sfax regions) and cv Sahli (Kairouan, Mahdia or Sousse regions). The potentiometric fingerprints of 12 or eight lipid sensors (for Chemlali and Sahli, respectively), selected using a simulated annealing meta‐heuristic algorithm, allowed the correct prediction (repeated K‐fold cross‐validation) of the geographic production region with sensitivities of 92 ± 7% (Chemlali) and 97 ± 8% (Sahli). It was also confirmed the electronic tongue capability to classify Tunisian olive oil according to olive cultivar or quality grade. The results indicated the possible use of potentiometric fingerprints as a promising innovative strategy for olive oil analysis allowing assessing geographical origin, olive cultivar and quality grade, which are key factors determining olive oil price and consumers’ preference.
Involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and nitric oxide in the anticonvulsant effects of dantrolene against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice
Authors: Samad Akbarzadeh , Fatemeh Heidary , Mojtaba Keshavarz 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Objective N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and nitric oxide (NO) have important roles in the pathology and treatment of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. We aimed to show the involvement of these two systems in the anticonvulsant effects of dantrolene against PTZ-induced seizures.
Methods The male albino Swiss strain of mice (N = 56) randomly allocated to the seven separate groups and treated with dantrolene (40 mg/kg), dantrolene (40 mg/kg) + L-arginine (100 mg/kg, a NO donor), dantrolene (40 mg/kg) + N-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (100 mg/kg, a NO synthase inhibitor), dantrolene (40 mg/kg) + NMDA (50 mg/kg), dantrolene (40 mg/kg) + MK801 (1 mg/kg, a selective NMDA antagonist), Diazepam (5 mg/kg, the positive control) and saline (the negative control). Seizures were induced by intraperitonial injection of PTZ (90 mg/kg). The onsets of clonic and tonic-clonic seizures, as well as the death of animals, were recorded.
Results Dantrolene significantly increased the onset of clonic, tonic-clonic seizures and death of animals challenged with PTZ. The onset of tonic-clonic seizure in animals treated with dantrolene alone and dantrolene + L-NAME was higher than the control group. In contrast, the onset of tonic-clonic seizure in the animals treated with dantrolene + L-arginine was significantly lower than the dantrolene-treated group. The onset of clonic and tonic-clonic seizures in animals treated with dantrolene + MK801 were significantly higher than the control and dantrolene + NMDA groups.
Conclusion Dantrolene protected animals against PTZ-induced seizures and mortality. The inhibition of NO synthase and NMDA receptors may contribute to the dantrolene anticonvulsant effects on the PTZ-induced seizure.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms as risk factors of dementia in a Mexican population: A 10/66 Dementia Research Group study
Authors: Acosta Isaac , Borges Guilherme , Aguirre‐Hernandez Rebeca , Sosa Ana Luisa , Prince Martin ,   10/66 Dementia Research Group
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionCognitive and/or memory impairment are the main clinical markers currently used to identify subjects at risk of developing dementia. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and dementia incidence.MethodsWe analyzed the association between neuropsychiatric symptoms and incident dementia in a cohort of 1355 Mexican older adults from the general population over 3 years of follow‐up, modeling cumulative incidence ratios using Poisson models.ResultsFive neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with incident dementia: delusions, hallucinations, anxiety, aberrant motor behavior, and depression. The simultaneous presence of two symptoms had a relative risk, adjusted for mild cognitive impairment, diabetes, indicators of cognitive function, and sociodemographic factors, of 1.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.2–2.9), whereas the presence of three to five, similarly adjusted, had a relative risk of 3.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.9–4.8).DiscussionNeuropsychiatric symptoms are common in predementia states and may independently contribute as risk factors for developing dementia.
Transition to turbulence in pulsating pipe flow
Authors: Xu Duo , Warnecke Sascha , Song Baofang , Ma Xingyu , Hof Björn 
Published: October 2017

Fluid flows in nature and applications are frequently subject to periodic velocity modulations. Surprisingly, even for the generic case of flow through a straight pipe, there is little consensus regarding the influence of pulsation on the transition threshold to turbulence: while most studies predict a monotonically increasing threshold with pulsation frequency (i.e. Womersley number, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$), others observe a decreasing threshold for identical parameters and only observe an increasing threshold at low $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$. In the present study we apply recent advances in the understanding of transition in steady shear flows to pulsating pipe flow. For moderate pulsation amplitudes we find that the first instability encountered is subcritical (i.e. requiring finite amplitude disturbances) and gives rise to localized patches of turbulence (‘puffs’) analogous to steady pipe flow. By monitoring the impact of pulsation on the lifetime of turbulence we map the onset of turbulence in parameter space. Transition in pulsatile flow can be separated into three regimes. At small Womersley numbers the dynamics is dominated by the decay turbulence suffers during the slower part of the cycle and hence transition is delayed significantly. As shown in this regime thresholds closely agree with estimates based on a quasi-steady flow assumption only taking puff decay rates into account. The transition point predicted in the zero $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ limit equals to the critical point for steady pipe flow offset by the oscillation Reynolds number (i.e. the dimensionless oscillation amplitude). In the high frequency limit on the other hand, puff lifetimes are identical to those in steady pipe flow and hence the transition threshold appears to be unaffected by flow pulsation. In the intermediate frequency regime the transition threshold sharply drops (with increasing $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$) from the decay dominated (quasi-steady) threshold to the steady pipe flow level.
Instability wave–streak interactions in a supersonic boundary layer
Authors: Paredes Pedro , Choudhari Meelan M. , Li Fei 
Published: October 2017

The interaction of stationary streaks undergoing non-modal growth with modally unstable instability waves in a supersonic flat-plate boundary-layer flow is studied using numerical computations. For incompressible flows, previous studies have shown that boundary-layer modulation due to streaks below a threshold amplitude level can stabilize the Tollmien–Schlichting instability waves, resulting in a delay in the onset of laminar–turbulent transition. In the supersonic regime, the most-amplified linear waves become three-dimensional, corresponding to oblique, first-mode waves. This change in the character of dominant instabilities leads to an important change in the transition process, which is now dominated by oblique breakdown via nonlinear interactions between pairs of first-mode waves that propagate at equal but opposite angles with respect to the free stream. Because the oblique breakdown process is characterized by a strong amplification of stationary streamwise streaks, artificial excitation of such streaks may be expected to promote transition in a supersonic boundary layer. Indeed, suppression of those streaks has been shown to delay the onset of transition in prior literature. This paper investigates the nonlinear evolution of initially linear optimal disturbances that evolve into finite-amplitude streaks in a two-dimensional, Mach 3 adiabatic flat-plate boundary-layer flow, followed by the modal instability characteristics of the perturbed, streaky boundary-layer flow. Both parts of the investigation are performed with the plane-marching parabolized stability equations. Consistent with previous findings, the present study shows that optimally growing stationary streaks can destabilize the first-mode waves, but only when the spanwise wavelength of the instability waves is equal to or smaller than twice the streak spacing. Transition in a benign disturbance environment typically involves first-mode waves with significantly longer spanwise wavelengths, and hence, these waves are stabilized by the optimal growth streaks. Thus, as long as the amplification factors for the destabilized, short wavelength instability waves remain below the threshold level for transition, a significant net stabilization is achieved, yielding a potential transition delay that may be comparable to the length of the laminar region in the uncontrolled case.
Turbulent horizontal convection under spatially periodic forcing: a regime governed by interior inertia
Authors: Rosevear Madelaine G. , Gayen Bishakhdatta , Griffiths Ross W. 
Published: October 2017

Differential heating applied at a single horizontal boundary forces ‘horizontal convection’, even when there is no net heat flux through the boundary. However, almost all studies of horizontal convection have been limited to a special class of problem in which temperature or heat flux differences were applied in only one direction and over the horizontal length of a box (the Rossby problem; Rossby, Deep-Sea Res., vol. 12, 1965, pp. 9–16). These conditions strongly constrain the flow. Here we report laboratory experiments and direct numerical simulations (DNS) extending the results of Griffiths & Gayen (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 115, 2015, 204301) for horizontal convection forced by boundary conditions imposed in a two-dimensional periodic array at a horizontal boundary. The experiments use saline and freshwater fluxes at a permeable base with the imposed boundary salinity having a horizontal length scale one quarter of the width of the box. The flow reaches a state in which the net boundary buoyancy flux vanishes and the bulk of the fluid shows an inertial range of turbulence length scales. A regime transition is seen for increasing water depth, from an array of individual coherent plumes on the forcing scale to convection dominated by emergent larger scales of overturning. The DNS explore the analogous thermally forced case with sinusoidal boundary temperature of wavenumber $n=4$, and are used to examine the Rayleigh number ($Ra$) dependence for shallow- and deep-water cases. For shallow water the flow transitions with increasing $Ra$ from laminar to turbulent boundary layer regimes that are familiar from the Rossby problem and which have normalised heat transport scaling as $Nu\sim Ra^{1/5}$ and $Nu\sim (Ra\,Pr)^{1/5}$, with $Nu$ the Nusselt number and $Pr$ the Prandtl number, in this case maintaining a stable array of coherent turbulent plumes. For deep-water and large $Ra$ the laminar scaling transitions to $Nu\sim (Ra\,Pr)^{1/4}$, with the scales of turbulence extending to the dimensions of the box. The $1/4$ power law regime is explained in terms of the momentum of symmetric, inviscid large scales of motion in the interior coupled to diffusive loss of heat through stabilised parts of the boundary layer. The turbulence production is predominantly by shear instability rather than convection, with viscous dissipation distributed throughout the bulk of the fluid. These conditions are not seen in the highly asymmetric flow in the Rossby problem even at Rayleigh numbers up to six orders of magnitude greater than the transition found here. The new inertial interior regime has the rate of supply of available potential energy, and its removal by mixing of density, increasing as $Ra^{5/4}$, which is faster than $Ra^{6/5}$ in the Rossby problem. Irreversible mixing is confined close to the forcing boundary and is very much larger than the viscous dissipation, which is proportional to $Ra$.
The UTMOST: A Hybrid Digital Signal Processor Transforms the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope
Authors: Bailes M. , Jameson A. , Flynn C. , Bateman T. , Barr E. D. , Bhandari S. , Bunton J. D. , Caleb M. , Campbell-Wilson D. , Farah W. , Gaensler B. , Green A. J. , Hunstead R. W. , Jankowski F. , Keane E. F. , Krishnan V. Venkatraman , Murphy Tara , O’Neill M. , Osłowski S. , Parthasarathy A. , Ravi V. , Rosado P. , Temby D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST) is an 18000 m2 radio telescope located 40 km from Canberra, Australia. Its operating band (820–851 MHz) is partly allocated to telecommunications, making radio astronomy challenging. We describe how the deployment of new digital receivers, Field Programmable Gate Array-based filterbanks, and server-class computers equipped with 43 Graphics Processing Units, has transformed the telescope into a versatile new instrument (UTMOST) for studying the radio sky on millisecond timescales. UTMOST has 10 times the bandwidth and double the field of view compared to the MOST, and voltage record and playback capability has facilitated rapid implementaton of many new observing modes, most of which operate commensally. UTMOST can simultaneously excise interference, make maps, coherently dedisperse pulsars, and perform real-time searches of coherent fan-beams for dispersed single pulses. UTMOST operates as a robotic facility, deciding how to efficiently target pulsars and how long to stay on source via real-time pulsar folding, while searching for single pulse events. Regular timing of over 300 pulsars has yielded seven pulsar glitches and three Fast Radio Bursts during commissioning. UTMOST demonstrates that if sufficient signal processing is applied to voltage streams, innovative science remains possible even in hostile radio frequency environments.
A Network Anatomy of Chinese State-Owned Enterprises
Authors: LIN LI-WEN 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis Article provides an anatomy of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) by unpacking their various relations with different types of state organs. It shows that Chinese SOEs are embedded in a network composed of dense and complex links with the state. Shareholding ties, albeit important, are only one of the many relations with the state. This network perspective provides a rather comprehensive overview of the basic architecture of China's state-owned sector. It illustrates important governance institutions that are unobservable from the laws on the book and distinctive from international standards. It clarifies some SOE behaviors that appear puzzling when taking the individual firm as the unit of analysis. It also raises challenging questions on various areas of law in the context of globalization.
China's Export Restrictions and the Limits of WTO Law
Authors: WU MARK 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn recent years, China has enacted export restrictions on a range of minerals and other raw materials. They include export quotas, export duties, export licenses, and other administrative actions. Although such export restrictions have already been found to be inconsistent with China's WTO obligations, the practice persists. This article advances an explanation for why this is the case. It argues that the problem lies with the lack of retrospective remedies in WTO dispute settlement. Consequently, China is able to breach its WTO obligations temporarily with minimal consequence. Although such restrictions may have negative consequences for upstream extraction firms, China is able to implement the restrictions because several upstream firms are state-owned enterprises. As a result, China is able to utilize export restrictions on minerals and other raw materials effectively to foster the development of strategic emerging industries downstream. Given existing negotiating standoffs and domestic political constraints, this article suggests that it is unlikely that any potential WTO legal reforms will be enacted any time soon to address this problem.
Sunshine over Shanghai: Can the WTO Illuminate the Murky World of Chinese SOEs?
Authors: WOLFE ROBERT 
Published: October 2017

AbstractState-owned enterprises (SOEs) are a major force in the Chinese economy and a growing presence in international trade and investment. The challenge to the WTO legal regime is commercial, given the size of SOEs and their share of Chinese output, and political, given worries that trade and investment by SOEs may be driven by public policy goals. And both challenges may be exacerbated by the murky world of Chinese SOEs. In this article, I first review whether Chinese SOEs are a problem for the WTO, and whether more sunshine on their operations might be a useful discipline. I then ask what we know about SOEs inside the WTO, including in the Trade Policy Review Mechanism. Since the answer is, not much, I consider whether mega-regional trade negotiations offer a better approach. My answer being negative, I finally consider whether an attempt to negotiate a WTO Reference Paper on SOEs might help. I conclude that transparency is likely to be a better discipline on the spillovers associated with SOEs than a search for binding rules, while also helping everyone better understand the efficiency effects.
Geobiological feedbacks and the evolution of thermoacidophiles
Authors: Colman Daniel R , Poudel Saroj , Hamilton Trinity L , Havig Jeff R , Selensky Matthew J , Shock Everett L , Boyd Eric S 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Oxygen-dependent microbial oxidation of sulfur compounds leads to the acidification of natural waters. How acidophiles and their acidic habitats evolved, however, is largely unknown. Using 16S rRNA gene abundance and composition data from 72 hot springs in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, we show that hyperacidic (pH&lt;3.0) hydrothermal ecosystems are dominated by a limited number of archaeal lineages with an inferred ability to respire O2. Phylogenomic analyses of 584 existing archaeal genomes revealed that hyperacidophiles evolved independently multiple times within the Archaea, each coincident with the emergence of the ability to respire O2, and that these events likely occurred in the recent evolutionary past. Comparative genomic analyses indicated that archaeal thermoacidophiles from independent lineages are enriched in similar protein-coding genes, consistent with convergent evolution aided by horizontal gene transfer. Because the generation of acidic environments and their successful habitation characteristically require O2, these results suggest that thermoacidophilic Archaea and the acidity of their habitats co-evolved after the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. Moreover, it is likely that dissolved O2 concentrations in thermal waters likely did not reach levels capable of sustaining aerobic thermoacidophiles and their acidifying activity until ~0.8 Ga, when present day atmospheric levels were reached, a time period that is supported by our estimation of divergence times for archaeal thermoacidophilic clades.
Aquatic urban ecology at the scale of a capital: community structure and interactions in street gutters
Authors: Hervé Vincent , Leroy Boris , Da Silva Pires Albert , Lopez Pascal Jean 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In most cities, streets are designed for collecting and transporting dirt, litter, debris, storm water and other wastes as a municipal sanitation system. Microbial mats can develop on street surfaces and form microbial communities that have never been described. Here, we performed the first molecular inventory of the street gutter-associated eukaryotes across the entire French capital of Paris and the non-potable waters sources. We found that the 5782 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) present in the street gutters which are dominated by diatoms (photoautotrophs), fungi (heterotrophs), Alveolata and Rhizaria, includes parasites, consumers of phototrophs and epibionts that may regulate the dynamics of gutter mat microbial communities. Network analyses demonstrated that street microbiome present many species restricted to gutters, and an overlapping composition between the water sources used for street cleaning (for example, intra-urban aquatic networks and the associated rivers) and the gutters. We propose that street gutters, which can cover a significant surface area of cities worldwide, potentially have important ecological roles in the remediation of pollutants or downstream wastewater treatments, might also be a niche for growth and dissemination of putative parasite and pathogens.
Polymorphism of antibiotic-inactivating enzyme driven by ecology expands the environmental resistome
Authors: Kim Dae-Wi , Thawng Cung Nawl , Choi Jung-Hye , Lee Kihyun , Cha Chang-Jun 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The environmental resistome has been recognized as the origin and reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and considered to be dynamic and ever expanding. In this study, a targeted gene sequencing approach revealed that the polymorphic diversity of the aminoglycoside-inactivating enzyme AAC(6′)-Ib was ecological niche-specific. AAC(6′)-Ib-cr, previously known as a clinical variant, was prevalent in various soils and the intestines of chickens and humans, suggesting that this variant might not have arisen from adaptive mutations in the clinic but instead originated from the environment. Furthermore, ecologically dominant polymorphic variants of AAC(6′)-Ib were characterized and found to display different substrate specificities for quinolones and aminoglycosides, conferring the altered resistance spectra. Interestingly, a novel variant with the D179Y substitution showed an extended resistance spectrum to the recently developed fluoroquinolone gemifloxacin. Our results suggest that soil and animal microbiomes could be major reservoirs of antibiotic resistance; polymorphic diversity expands the antibiotic resistome in the environment, resulting in the potential emergence of novel resistance.