bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distal and Proximal Relative Pronouns in Faifi Arabic
Authors: Alfaifi Abdullah 
Published: October 2024

This paper provides preliminary evidence that relative pronouns in Central Faifi Arabic can possibly denote distality and proximity. First, the paper contextualises relative pronouns in Central Faifi Arabic by providing a general overview of relative pronouns, with a focus on relative pronouns in Modern Written Arabic and some Arabic dialects. Central Faifi Arabic has three pairs of relative pronouns: ḏī and ḏā, tī and tā, and ʾawḏī and ʾawḏā. The members of each pair, which only differ in the quality of the final vowel, have been previously regarded as free variants.
Through a series of tasks performed by 15 Central Faifi Arabic native speakers, this paper shows that relative pronouns in Central Faifi Arabic are not always in free variation and that they can indicate distality and proximity when an adverb of place, ḥawla ‘there’, ṯamma ‘there’, or hnī ‘here’, is present in the clause. In other words, adverbs of place in the dialect draw out a possible historical distinction between the relative pronouns which have the high vowel /ī/ and relative pronouns which have the low vowel /ā/, where relative pronouns with /ā/ indicate distality and relative pronouns with /ī/ indicate proximity. Thus, while the distal/proximal distinction may not be categorical at present, the results of the tasks performed by native speakers strongly imply that the dialect had this distinction at some point.
Technological Support For Endangered/Minority Languages
Authors: Zhang Hongwei 
Published: October 2024

The rapid development of the computer and internet technology has made digital space an indispensable part of modern life. While the technological advancement has enabled more creative ways for documenting endangered and minority languages, such as the collaboration by trained native speakers (Villa 2002), the insufficient technological support still leaves members from such language communities with very limited digital space online. This is true for minority languages with traditional writing systems, such as the Plains Cree syllabary (Antonio Santos and Harrigan 2020), and the situation can only be worse for those without an established writing system, such as the Modern South Arabian Languages. In the context of the importance of technological support to minority languages, this paper describes the author’s personal experience with creating cross-platform keyboard layouts for Modern South Arabian Languages.
As a precious branch of the Semitic language family that survived to the present day, these minority languages lack official recognition and there has not been any conventional writing system for them until very recently (Watson et al. n.d.; Naumkin and Kogan 2015). In fact, long before the current the Unicode Standard, i.e., Version 13.0 of (The Unicode Consortium 2020), since no later than Version 4.0.1 (Aliprand et al. 2003, 473), all the special characters involved in the proposed Arabic-based orthography for the Modern South Arabian Languages have been incorporated. However, the corresponding input methods did not become available until a Mehri layout was released in Google’s Gboard app for Android devices only. To fill in the gap, the author created system keyboards for both Windows and MacOS platforms and a working iPhone keyboard should be available after the next update of the iOS app Keyman. Since “[a]ll people, even the illiterate or semiliterate, are empowered to become part of the information society more readily if they are able to use their own languages” (Pretorius and Bosch 2003, 57), it is hope that the products of this project can help promote the online presence to contribute to the revitalization of the Modern South Arabian Languages.
Test Flight of a Stratospheric Sonic Anemometer Prototype
Authors: Cheng Tim J. , Yoder Chris , Curran Tara , Steve Freidlay , Banfield Don , White Robert D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Stratospheric sonic anemometers are an emerging technology for making wind velocity measurements in low pressure environments. This paper explores the challenges, design, and high-altitude testing of a digital sonic anemometer for applications including high-altitude balloon navigation, atmospheric gravity wave research, solar activity research, and planetary science on Mars. The system was flown on NASA’s Sensor Package for Attitude, Rotation, and Relative Observable Winds (SPARROW-3) balloon test flight out of Fort Sumner, New Mexico, in August 2022. The mission recorded relative wind data throughout the flight at temperatures as low as −40°C and at the balloon’s float altitude of 38 km (3.8-mb pressure; 1 mb = 1 hPa). The device surpassed all previous sonic anemometers regarding maximum operational altitude. However, only two of the three axes operated well above 32 km, leading to some validation challenges. The system achieved a velocity resolution of 0.1 m s−1 (standard deviation) and recorded three-dimensional wind measurement every 2.25 s. Future plans anticipate addressing the faulty axis and increasing performance to a resolution of 0.01 m s−1 and a wind sampling rate of 10 Hz.
Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome: Where Are We Today?
Authors: Maddox Kayden , Farrell Timothy M. , Pascarella Luigi 
Published: October 2024

Median arcuate ligament syndrome, or celiac artery compression syndrome (eponym: Dunbar syndrome), has historically been attributed to pathophysiologic vascular compression causing downstream ischemic symptoms of the organs supplied by the celiac trunk. However, the more we learn about the histology, clinical presentation, and treatment outcomes, health care providers are increasingly correlating the symptoms of MALS with the long-term, repetitive compression of the celiac ganglion rather than the celiac trunk. This article provides a comprehensive review of current MALS literature, emphasizing the multidisciplinary approach these patients require in all phases of their care. With most patients with MALS waiting an average of 10.5 months to 2.6 years, 9, 10 our need for better diagnostic protocols and clearer understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease is paramount. Further investigation into patient outcomes, associated conditions, and linked pathophysiology would help better characterize this disease with hopes of moving it from a diagnosis of exclusion to one of standard work-up with decreased time to treatment and symptom relief for patients.
Stressors and suicidal ideation in low-income adults in Malaysia: A serial mediation analysis of social support and mental health symptoms
Authors: Shukri Madihah , Armitage Christopher J , Koon Chong Siew , Tarmizi Nurul Nabila 
Published: October 2024

Background: Studies have documented a heightened risk of suicidal ideation in response to stressors, especially among people from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. However, the mechanisms of this association remain elusive. Aims: Drawing on the social deterioration and counteractive models, this study aims to elucidate the pathways linking stressors to suicidal ideation through serial mediation of social support and mental health symptoms in Malaysia. Method: Data were collected from 404 low-income adults (33.2% male and 66.8% female) receiving monthly financial assistance from Malaysia’s social welfare department. We employed stressor measures (i.e. financial, family and work), the Oslo Social Support Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised. Results: A total of 46.8% of participants reported mild-to-severe anxiety and depressive symptoms, with 11.1% classified as high risk for suicide. Direct and indirect effects were found. After controlling for age and gender, social support and mental health symptoms mediated the link between stressors and suicidal ideation. The serial mediation analysis indicates that stressors are connected to heightened suicidal ideation through a sequence involving insufficient social support, followed by elevated levels of mental health symptoms. Conclusion: Understanding the multifaceted relationships among stressors, social support, mental health symptoms and suicide ideation expands the potential for developing targeted interventions and preventive strategies tailored for vulnerable populations. Clinical work with low-income individuals may include implementing early systematic efforts to develop accessible mental health and integrated care services.
Partners in Force? Understanding Police Use of Force from a Network Perspective
Authors: Hashimi Sadaf , Ouellet Marie , Ledford Logan 
Published: October 2024

Objectives The importance of peer relations is rooted in decades of policing research; however, scholars have largely overlooked the role of peers in officers’ use-of-force behaviors. The current study investigates the “connected” nature of police use of force. Methods Data on officers’ networks are reconstructed from 11,834 use-of-force reports involving 1,894 officers in seven departments in New Jersey. Exponential Random Graph Models evaluate which officer-level attributes and network dependencies are associated with officers’ co-involvement in police use-of-force incidents. Results Findings indicate the police use of force is not evenly distributed but concentrated on a subset of officers and partnerships. Variation in officers’ likelihood of using force together is driven by individual characteristics, including officer race/ethnicity, rank, and tenure. In addition, co-involvement in force clusters among officers, with officers likely to engage in force together when they share a connection. Conclusion This study highlights an alternative starting point for understanding police use of force. By paying greater attention to the structural makeup of the department, such as the connectivity of the force network, agencies can design efforts that aim to reduce incidents of force through relational properties such as assignments and partnerships.
Efficacy of spiritual interventions in palliative care: An umbrella review of systematic reviews
Authors: Austin Philip D , Lee Wei , Keall Robyn , Lovell Melanie R 
Published: October 2024

Background: Spiritual care is increasingly recognised as an essential component of care in palliative settings. Given this growing body of literature on spiritual interventions, there is a need to systematically evaluate and synthesis findings from previous systematic reviews Aim: To systematically synthesise the available evidence from systematic reviews concerning (a) the efficacy of spiritual care interventions and (b) the extent and nature of spiritual care interventions used in specialist palliative care settings. Methods: An umbrella review of systematic reviews was conducted in accordance with PROSPERO (CRD42024455147) and followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for umbrella reviews. Data sources: Electronic databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, APA PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL and Web of Science) and references of accepted systematic reviews were searched for systematic reviews from inception to 2024. The AMSTAR-2 criteria was used to assess risk of bias within systematic reviews. Results: A toal of 27 reviews met the eligibility criteria and reported the effects of 14 different spiritual care interventions across 431 studies including 55,759 participants. Findings show that spiritual care interventions especially dignity therapy and life-review may be effective for improving outcomes including spiritual wellbeing, emotional symptoms, quality-of-life and physical symptoms in people receiving specialist palliative care. Under half of included reviews report follow-up data where only emotional symptoms and quality-of-life are reported at more than one time-point. Conclusion: Overall, spiritual care interventions have positive effects on spiritual wellbeing, quality of life and mood, compared to control conditions. Increased methodological rigour is needed to capture effect and duration of effect with spiritual care interventions at different phases of palliative care.
Cone-beam CT volumetry: a new method for evaluating osteotomy healing – a clinical evaluation and MDCT comparison
Authors: Cetinic Ivan , Ullman Michael , Hellman Linn , Aurell Ylva 
Published: October 2024

Background Fracture healing complications remain a major problem in trauma monitoring. An open wedge osteotomy of the distal radius provides a unique way of evaluating fracture healing. Since the introduction of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at our institution, it has become the method of choice for assessing hand and wrist bones. To date, CT volumetry has been validated for multidetector CT (MDCT) but not for CBCT. Purpose To assess osteotomy healing using CBCT volumetry and to evaluate two different segmentation techniques. Material and Methods A total of 36 patients were surgically treated for malunited distal radius fractures with open-wedge osteotomy either leaving the void empty (open wedge empty [OWE]) or filled with bone graft substitutes (BGS). They were scanned using CBCT and MDCT postoperatively and after 3, 6, and 12 months. Segmentation was performed both manually and semi-automatically for volumetric measurement. Inter- and intra-observer reliability were assessed using intraclass correlation (ICC). Results The median osteotomy volume in the OWE group postoperatively was 0.87 cm3 (range=0.42–2.72). At 3 months, all but one of the OWE volumes had diminished to half or less of their initial volume. In the BGS group, the median postoperative volume was 1.30 cm3 (range=0.73–1.81) and at 12 months, 76% of the initial volume remained. Reliability between CBCT and MDCT volumetry expressed as ICC was ≥0.96. ICC for the two segmentation techniques was ≥0.99 and ICC for inter-observer reliability ≥0.97. Conclusion CBCT volumetry is a reliable tool and comparable to MDCT to quantify bone healing of an osteotomy.
Correlation Between Gingival Parameters and LDH Enzyme Activity in Orthodontic Patients After LLLT and Ozone Irrigation:  A Split Mouth Study
Authors: Ziauddhin Shaik , Vani Sandra Venkata Kala , Yelchuru Sri Harsha , Kumar Immaneni Pavan Sai , Sagar Vemula Lakshmi , Sreerangam Hemadri 
Published: October 2024

Objectives The study aimed to assess and compare the clinical outcomes of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and subgingival ozone irrigation on gingival inflammation in patients undergoing fixed appliance therapy and to relate the clinical outcomes with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Materials and Methods 15–25 year-old 30 healthy patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were selected in this prospective, cross-sectional study. In each subject, the upper right and left quadrants of the mouth were randomly designated as the control side and the interventional side, respectively. Clinical parameters (gingival index, plaque index, gingival bleeding index) and LDH enzyme activity were recorded at baseline (0th day) on both sides. The interventional side was irradiated with a soft tissue 980 nm diode laser (Zolar Photon Plus) with a power density of 100 mW cm–2 and an energy density of 18 J cm–2, and the control side was irrigated subgingivally with 0.01 mg/l ozonated water using the Kent Ozone Dental Jet TY-820. All the clinical parameters, except LDH, were reassessed on the 7th, 14th and 28th day, whereas LDH levels in GCF were reevaluated on the 28th day. Results Both groups showed a significant reduction ( p < .05) in gingival parameters and LDH activity after the study period. A greater decrease of clinical parameters and LDH activity (417.117 mU ± 22.59 to 154.11 mU ± 12.943) was seen on the LLLT side than on the ozone irrigation side (419.417 mU ± 27.128 to 229.387 mU ± 14.636). Also, a significant correlation existed among the clinical parameters assessed and the LDH activity in GCF after the treatment period. Conclusions LLLT and ozone irrigation were both effective in controlling gingival inflammation among which LLLT was superior. Clinical Relevance Fixed mechanotherapy makes oral hygiene difficult, necessitating the need for adjunctive methods. From this study, it was proved that ozone and laser therapy were effective in controlling gingival inflammation in orthodontic patients, thus enabling their use in the monthly visits.
Fatigue management effects on social participation and environment management in individuals with multiple sclerosis: Quasi-experimental study
Authors: Simeon Rachele , Galeoto Giovanni , Valente Donatella , Conte Antonella , Ferrazzano Gina , Leodori Giorgio , Berardi Anna 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the effect of an occupation-focused and occupation-based group intervention for fatigue management on the perception of environment barriers and social participation, and secondarily the impact on quality of life and sleep quality. Material and Methods: For this quasi-experimental study, 19 participants with a mean age of 45 (13.7), with 84.2% having Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis with Expanded Disability Status Scale mean 2.6, were recruited. The outcome measures were administering pre-post test, and the follow-up was at 3 months using T-test for inferential analysis. The outcome measures used for the primary outcomes were the Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors scale, the Community Integration Questionnaire, and the Impact on Participation and Autonomy. Results: All outcomes showed statistically significant improvement after treatment. At 3-month follow-up, the results maintained positive results except for the General Sleep Disturbance Scale and the MSQoL-54, which showed a slight worsening in total scores with respect to post-treatment. Conclusion: This study fits into a widely studied context, emphasizing the importance of implementing occupation-focused group interventions for fatigue management. Furthermore, this study showed that this type of intervention leads to an improvement on the perception of environmental barriers and social participation.
Epidemiology of Sports-Related Tendon Ruptures Presenting to Emergency Departments in the United States
Authors: Lyons Joseph G. , Berkay Fehmi B. , Minhas Arjun 
Published: October 2024

Background: Participation in recreational and competitive sports can predispose people to musculoskeletal injuries. Chronic overuse with insufficient recovery, overloading, and direct contact can result in acute primary tendon ruptures. There is scarce literature regarding the epidemiology of sports-related acute primary tendon ruptures in the United States (US). Purpose: To identify the incidence rate (IR) of sports-related acute primary tendon ruptures presenting to US emergency departments using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database and describe the trends in the IR from 2001 to 2020. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The NEISS database was queried using injury case narratives; cases with a clear diagnosis of an acute primary tendon rupture were included in the final analysis. National estimates, estimated IRs (reported as per 1,000,000 person-years at risk), and temporal trends in the annual IR (reported as average annual percent change) of acute primary tendon ruptures were calculated using NEISS sample estimates and US Census Bureau population estimates. Results: An estimated total of 141,382 patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 107,478-175,286) presented to US emergency departments with a sports-related tendon rupture over the study period (IR, 22.9 person-years at risk [95% CI, 17.4-28.3]). The mean age was 37.7 years (95% CI, 37.0-38.5). Of all cases of a tendon rupture identified from 2001 to 2020, 60.1% were secondary to exercise/sports-related injury mechanisms. An Achilles tendon rupture was the most common injury, representing 55.9% of cases. Basketball was the most common sports-related injury mechanism, accounting for 36.6% of cases. The overall injury rate in male patients was 7.7 times that of female patients (IR ratio, 7.7 [95% CI, 4.4-13.5]; P < .05). The annual incidence of all sports-related tendon ruptures in the US increased significantly from 2001 to 2020 (average annual percent change, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.0-2.8]; P < .01). Conclusion: Recreational/competitive sports participation accounted for a large proportion of acute primary tendon ruptures in the US during the study period.
Impact of home-based exercise on residual kidney function in patients initiating peritoneal dialysis: A feasibility multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Uchiyama Kiyotaka , Yamada Seiki , Ofuji Noriyuki , Fukagawa Shohei , Sato Shin , Chigusa Naoki , Kimura Takahide , Kasai Takahiro , Hosoya Koji , Ito Jun , Kakuda Wataru , Washida Naoki 
Published: October 2024

Background Although the impact of aerobic exercise (AE) and resistance training (RT) on peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is well established, the impact of exercise programs on residual kidney function (RKF) has not been elucidated. Methods Patients were randomly assigned to either the exercise ( n = 25) or control groups ( n = 30). Patients in the exercise group performed AE three times a week and RT twice a week at home for 24 weeks. The control group did not receive any specific intervention. The primary outcome was RKF, assessed by residual glomerular filtration rate (rGFR). Secondary outcomes included urinary protein levels, distance covered in the incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) percentages. Results Linear mixed-effects models showed no significant changes in mean rGFR between the exercise and control groups at 12 weeks (−0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): −2.17, 1.36; p = 0.65) and at 24 weeks (0.65; 95% CI: −1.15, 2.45; p = 0.48). There was a trend toward improvement in mean urinary protein level and ISWT results, and a significant decrease in mean HbA1c percentage at 24 weeks in the exercise group (−1.07, 95% CI: −2.29, 0.15, p = 0.09; 37.7, 95% CI: −10.1, 85.5, p = 0.12; −0.57, 95% CI: −0.97, −0.18, p = 0.005, respectively) compared to the control group. Conclusion The 24-week home-based exercise program did not demonstrate beneficial effects on RKF in incident PD patients. Nonetheless, it may have an impact on reducing urinary protein levels and HbA1c percentages.
Green nanocomposite of (starch/polylactic acid/cellulose nanofiber) thermoplastic
Authors: Shamsabadi Omid Daliri , Soltanolkottabi Fariba 
Published: October 2024

Green polymers and nanocomposites are noticed by researchers in the environmental fields. Among them, starch, polylactic acid, and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) are eco-friendly. In the present study, thermoplastic bio-nanocomposites of starch/cellulose nanofiber (SN), polylactic acid/cellulose nanofiber (PN), and starch/polylactic acid/cellulose nanofiber (SPN) are prepared by film casting. The effect of nanofibers is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical properties, and water vapor permeability (WVP) of films. Results show that the mechanical properties of SN and PN improve with the addition of CNFs due to their uniform dispersion which are investigated using SEM images. The addition of 1 mL CNF (0.38 wt.%, CNF/solid nanocomposite) satisfactorily enhanced tensile strength and Young’s modulus of SPN (36.99, 629.71 MPa). On the other hand, these properties obtained for SN (6.63, 54.96 MPa) and PN (22.69, 514.61 MPa) with adding 1 mL CNF (1.23 and 0.62 wt.%, CNF/solid nanocomposite). The water vapor permeability of all the films is enhanced slightly with increasing CNF content and it is possible to reduce segmental mobility of polymer molecules at low fiber loading. Due to the excellent mechanical properties and low permeability of SPN nanocomposite, it can be used in the food packaging industry.