bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Intricate Control of Minerals on Deep Soil Carbon Stability and Persistence in Alaskan Permafrost
Authors: Guo Yi‐Xuan , Yu Guang‐Hui , Hu Shuijin , Liang Chao , Kappler Andreas , Jorgenson Mark Torre , Guo Laodong , Guggenberger Georg 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the fate of organic carbon in thawed permafrost is crucial for predicting climate feedback. While minerals and microbial necromass are known to play crucial roles in the long‐term stability of organic carbon in subsoils, their exact influence on carbon persistence in Arctic permafrost remains uncertain. Our study, combining radiocarbon dating and biomarker analyses, showed that soil organic carbon in Alaskan permafrost had millennial‐scale radiocarbon ages and contained only 10%–15% microbial necromass carbon, significantly lower than the global average of ~30%–60%. This ancient carbon exhibited a weak correlation with reactive minerals but a stronger correlation with mineral weathering (reactive iron to total iron ratio). Peroxidase activity displayed a high correlation coefficient (p < 10−6) with Δ14C and δ13C, indicating its strong predictive power for carbon persistence. Further, a positive correlation between peroxidase activity and polysaccharides indicates that increased peroxidase activity may promote the protection of plant residues, potentially by fostering the formation of mineral‐organic associations. This protective role of mineral surfaces on biopolymers was further supported by examining 1451 synchrotron radiation infrared spectra from soil aggregates, which revealed a strong correlation between mineral OH groups and organic functional groups at the submicron scale. An incubation experiment revealed that increased moisture contents, particularly within the 0%–40% range, significantly elevated peroxidase activity, suggesting that ancient carbon in permafrost soils is vulnerable to moisture‐induced destabilization. Collectively, this study offers mechanistic insights into the persistence of carbon in thawed permafrost soils, essential for refining permafrost carbon‐climate feedbacks.
Toughening effect and mechanisms of AlN whiskers on a low‐temperature sintered AlNw/AlN ceramics
Authors: Zhang Dian , Liu Xuan , Liu Yijun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConventional aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics exhibited insufficient mechanical properties expected from their potential applications in the presence of dynamic loads and intensive stresses caused by thermal shock. In this study, the mechanical properties of AlN ceramics were enhanced by toughening them using AlN whiskers (AlNw) via gel casting followed by low‐temperature sintering at 1650°C. The addition of AlNw simultaneously increased the bending strength, toughness and thermal conductivity of the AlN ceramics. The maximum values of the bending strength, toughness, and thermal conductivity of 9.0 wt% AlNw/AlN were 303.92 MPa, 3.92 MPa·m1/2 and 186.53 W·m−1·K−1, respectively, which were higher than those of the AlN ceramics by 39.93%, 61.31% and, 15.61%, respectively. The AlNw in AlNw/AlN ceramics tightly bonded with the ceramic matrix, leading to two characteristic toughening mechanisms in the ceramics: crack pinning and deflection at irregular grain boundaries caused by doped whiskers, as well as bridging and stress relaxation caused by whiskers incorporated with the grains. Moreover, the one‐dimensional morphology of AlNw can provide a channel for quick photon transport, thereby enhancing the thermal conductivity of AlNw/AlN.
A woman with mycosis fungoides, vitiligo, and a new hand nodule
Authors: Feghali Joelle , Lavin Leore , Ng Spencer , Linos Konstantinos , Geller Shamir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 70‐year‐old African American female with a history of stage IV mycosis fungoides in remission presented with a gradually enlarging, red, ulcerated nodule on her right dorsal hand. The lesion was biopsied, and it showed intraepidermal proliferation with cytologic atypia and increased vasculature in the papillary dermis. Immunohistochemical staining indicated a yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) rearrangement, confirmed by RNA sequencing, revealing a YAP1::MAML2 (mastermind‐like transcriptional coactivator 2) fusion. The lesion was diagnosed as an eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC). The occurrence of EPCs following radiotherapy or trauma has been documented. This case highlights the importance of considering EPCs in patients with extensive skin treatments and immunosuppression history.
Macrophage polarization‐related gene signature for risk stratification and prognosis of survival in gliomas
Authors: Zhong Weiming , Xiong Kaifen , Li Shuwang , Li Chuntao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMacrophage polarization plays an essential role in tumour immune cell infiltration and tumour growth. In this study, we selected a series of genes distinguishing between M1 and M2 macrophages and explored their prognostic value in gliomas. A total of 170 genes were included in our study. The CGGA database was used as the training cohort and the TCGA database as the validation cohort. The biological processes and functions were identified by GO and KEGG analysis. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare survival differences between groups. Importantly, we built a risk score model using Cox regression analysis based on the CGGA and verified it in the TCGA database and our sequencing data. Patients with gliomas in the high‐risk group were associated with high pathologic grade, IDH WT status, MGMT promoter unmethylation, 1p19q non‐codeletion and prone to have a poor outcome. GEPIA results revealed that CD300C, CNRIP1 and MYO1F are the most related genes of immune infiltrations. The differential expression of these genes between low‐grade gliomas and glioblastomas was confirmed by q‐RT‐PCR. Macrophage polarization‐related gene signatures can predict the malignancy and outcome of patients with gliomas and might act as a promising target for glioma immunotherapy in the future.
Dominance and size affect foraging position choice by Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus)
Authors: Holubová Michaela , Peterka Jiří , Simon Troy , Neuswanger Jason , Grossman Gary 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSalmonid fishes are a widespread and economically important group of fishes that are strongly affected by anthropogenic environmental degradation. Consequently, studies on their behavior and ecology are essential for their conservation. Wild Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) were observed in an unimpacted Alaskan river using underwater video observations for two consecutive summers (2015 and 2016). Foraging, aggressive behavior, and position held by individual fish were quantified. Fish held focal positions in the water column most of the time (mean = 81%), active foraging was observed for 14% of the observation periods, and antagonistic interactions occurred during 5% of the time. The analysis of intraspecific aggression revealed that aggressive interactions occurred between conspecifics of similar sizes (±100 mm), although the winners of bouts were significantly larger than the losers. Notably, initiators emerged as more successful in these bouts compared to receivers, irrespective of body length. These findings underscore the significance of conducting field studies to gain valuable insights into the behavior of fish in their natural stream environments.
Development of an Initial Screening Scale to Detect Patients With Chest Pain From Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Emergency Department
Authors: Jang Kyeongmin , Choe Kwisoon 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIdentifying patients with chest pain potentially due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) early is crucial for triage nurses. They need a reliable, validated screening tool.AimsThis study aims to develop an initial screening scale to detect ACS in patients presenting with chest pain in the emergency department.MethodsWe analyzed electronic medical records of 3131 chest pain patients from 103,041 emergency department visits between January 2018 and December 2019. ACS diagnosis was confirmed by cardiologists through clinical symptoms, electrocardiograms, and cardiac enzyme levels. The study proceeded in four stages: (1) identifying potential ACS predictors through a literature review, (2) validating these predictors with experts, (3) comparing data between ACS and non‐ACS patients and (4) developing a screening scale based on identified predictors. Statistical methods included univariate analysis and binary logistic regression. The scale's accuracy was assessed using ROC curve analysis and compared to existing tools.ResultsEight significant ACS predictors were identified: male sex, age over 49 for males and over 65 for females, typical symptoms, initial pain scale score of 6 or higher, pain duration of at least 10 min, history of ACS, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Each predictor was scored, with typical symptoms and severe pain receiving higher scores, totaling up to 10 points. A score of 6 or more indicated high ACS risk, demonstrating accuracy comparable to the HEART and TIMI score systems.ConclusionThis study developed a new ACS screening scale for use by triage nurses in emergency departments. This scale can facilitate early detection and intervention for patients at high risk of ACS.
Implementing LEARN: Comprehensive Suicide Prevention Training for High School Students, Parents, and School Personnel
Authors: Walsh Elaine , Tapp Zoe , Mallonee Emma , Hakansson Camille , Leigh Ambyr , Reibel Megan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAdolescent suicide is a public health issue, and school is an ideal setting for prevention activities. LEARN is a peer‐led gatekeeper training for high school personnel, parents, and students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of LEARN as a gatekeeper training.METHODSPaired t tests were used to compare pre‐ and post‐training surveys for 4983 LEARN participants.RESULTSParticipants reported an increased likelihood of engaging in each LEARN step: looking for signs, empathizing and listening, asking about suicide thoughts and plans, reducing danger, and connecting the person with help. Most participants were highly satisfied with the peer trainer's delivery of content.CONCLUSIONSLEARN gatekeeper training was successfully implemented in high schools with students, parents, and school personnel. All groups reported increases in likelihood of approaching and providing support and connections for at‐risk individuals and rated the trainer as effective, indicating satisfaction with the peer‐led training format.
The Roles of Neural Networks in Language Acquisition
Authors: Portelance Eva , Jasbi Masoud 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHow can modern neural networks like language models be useful to the field of language acquisition, and more broadly cognitive science, if they are not a priori designed to be cognitive models? As developments towards natural language understanding and generation have improved leaps and bounds, with models like GPT‐4, the question of how they can inform our understanding of human language acquisition has re‐emerged. As such, it is critical to examine how in practice linking hypotheses between models and human learners can be safely established. To address these questions, we propose a model taxonomy, including four modelling approaches, each having differing goals, from exploratory hypothesis generation to hypothesis differentiation and testing. We show how the goals of these approaches align with the overarching goals of science and linguistics by connecting our taxonomy to the realist versus instrumentalist approaches in philosophy of science. We survey recent work having adopted each of our modelling approaches and address the importance of computational modelling in language acquisition studies.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Master Nursing Specialist Students Toward Catheter‐Related Thrombosis: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Yao Nian , Hu Jiaji , Lv Jiaxin , Yu Haixia , Peng Sha , Ma Guiyuan , Tang Siyuan , Zhang Jinghui 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTEvaluating Master of Nursing Specialist (MNS) students' knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding catheter‐related thrombosis (CRT) prevention and treatment is beneficial in developing effective CRT training for them. This study thus aimed to explore their knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward CRT. This was a cross‐sectional study that included 1046 MNS students in China. The results revealed that the median scores for the participants' knowledge, attitudes, and practice were 12 (interquartile range: 9–14), 55 (interquartile range: 50–65), and 62 (interquartile range: 51–71), respectively. There was a positive correlation between knowledge and attitudes, as well as attitudes and practice. Age, school level, proactively learning CRT knowledge, gender, enrolment method, participation in clinical practice time, and attendance at CRT training were related to knowledge (p < 0.05). Attendance at CRT training and experience using thrombosis risk assessment forms were related to attitude and practice (p < 0.05). Gender and experience caring for CRT patients were associated with practice (p < 0.05). MNS students have insufficient knowledge of CRT prevention and treatment, and the practice needs to be improved. However, their attitudes are positive.
Trends in atopic dermatitis prevalence among the Chinese population (1990–2021) with projections for 2022–2030
Authors: Zhou Jingjing , Chen Huijing , Zhou Shangcheng , Liu Ailing , Liang Shanshan , Sun Xiaoning , He Kaiyue 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) has the highest disease burden among all skin diseases. However, reports on AD prevalence trends in China are limited. This study aimed to investigate the time trends of AD prevalence in China from 1990 to 2021 and to explore the age and sex differences.MethodsData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2021. We analyzed the annual percentage change in the crude prevalence rate and age‐standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of AD from 1990 to 2021 using the Joinpoint model. We predicted the future prevalence of AD from 2022 to 2030 using the Bayesian age–period–cohort model.ResultsThe total ASPR decreased slightly from 1990 (1357.93 per 100,000) to 2021 (1347.11 per 100,000). The ASPR of females (1457.64 per 100,000) was higher than that of males (1247.04 per 100,000) in 2021. The prevalence rate of AD was highest in the under 5 years old age group (3455.56 per 100,000) and the 5–9 years old age group (3360.31 per 100,000). By 2030, the predicted ASPR of AD will be 1394.36 (per 100,000) in males and 1603.69 in females (per 100,000). The predicted prevalence rate in the under 5 years old (3996.14 per 100,000 in males and 3990.68 per 100,000 in females) and 5–9 years old (3714.61 per 100,000 in males and 3963.96 per 100,000 in females) age groups will be higher than those in other age groups.ConclusionDespite a slight decrease from 1990 to 2021, there has been an increasing trend since 2015 in the total AD burden. Given the increasing burden of AD on Chinese children and females, healthcare practitioners should enhance community education, improve disease management abilities of patients and caregivers, and reduce the burden and healthcare costs of AD.
Public Health Interventions Targeting the Prevention of Adolescent Vaping: A Scoping Review
Authors: DiCasmirro Jamie , Tranmer Joan , Davison Colleen , Woo Kevin , Toon Danielle , Hubeny Michael , Ross‐White Amanda , Goldie Catherine 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveDespite a brief decline during the COVID‐19 pandemic, vaping behaviors among adolescents continue to be an international public health concern because of associated health risks and harms. A thorough investigation of existing interventions preventing adolescent vaping is needed to help address this public health crisis and reduce serious and avoidable vaping‐related health risks. We reviewed the literature to identify public health interventions aimed at preventing adolescent vaping and summarized their key components and outcome measures.DesignWe conducted a scoping review of the literature using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology searching in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and Web of Science. Two reviewers screened 589 records for relevance. Studies from any location, reported in English, and described vaping prevention interventions targeting adolescents were included. Records were excluded if they were reported in other languages, published outside the review timeframe, lacked an evaluation, focused on cessation‐based interventions, or were review articles. Data extracted included intervention type, key components, and outcome measures.ResultsThirty‐eight included articles were identified and categorized into three intervention categories: school‐based, public education/risk communication campaigns, and public policies/government regulations. Key components of the interventions included format, duration, and topics. Formats varied from single to multi‐sessions. Prominent topics covered included risks and harms associated with vaping, and the most frequently reported outcome measures used were knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs.ConclusionOur findings summarize existing public health interventions found in the literature and insights into approaches used to address the global adolescent vaping crisis.
Prior exposure to racial discrimination and patterns of acute parasympathetic nervous system responses to a race‐related stress task among Black adults
Authors: Volpe Vanessa V. , Kendall Emmett B. , Collins Abbey N. , Graham Matthew G. , Williams Jonathan P. , Holochwost Steven J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBlack adults' prior exposure to racial discrimination may be associated with their acute parasympathetic reactivity to and recovery from a new race‐related stressor. Existing analytical approaches to investigating this link obscure nuances in the timing, magnitude, and patterns of these acute parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) responses. In a re‐analysis of a prior study, we utilize an hidden Markov model (HMM) approach to examine how prior experiences of racial discrimination are associated with intraindividual patterns of (1) physiological states of PNS activity and (2) patterns of and variability in transitions between these physiological states. Participants (N = 118) were Black young adults (range 18–29 years; Mage = 19.67, SDage = 2.04) who completed an online survey to index prior racial discrimination exposure, followed by an in‐person lab visit during which their PNS activity in response to a race‐related stress task was measured via electrocardiogram and converted into respiratory sinus arrhythmia. HMMs indicated evidence for two states: baseline and a second state representing a significant reduction in respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Most participants (93.22%) demonstrated a blunted response to the task, indicating that they did not transition from baseline during the procedure. Prior racial discrimination was not associated with HMM states or state transition parameters. Blunted physiological responses may be an important area of future investigation that could inform early life course mental and physical health screenings.
Assessing systemic inflammatory markers in psoriasis: A retrospective study
Authors: Solak Berna , Kara Rabia Öztaş 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease often associated with serious cardiovascular comorbidities. The aim of this study was to investigate the systemic inflammatory burden in psoriasis by examining various inflammatory markers and to assess the relationship between these markers and the severity of the disease.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on medical records of patients who visited the dermatology outpatient clinic between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2022. The study included patients with psoriasis vulgaris and healthy volunteers. Demographic data, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score, C‐reactive protein, monocyte‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune‐inflammation index, and Systemic Inflammation Response Index were analysed and compared.ResultsA total of 278 psoriasis patients and 90 healthy volunteers were analysed. Compared to the control group, psoriasis patients showed significantly higher systemic immune‐inflammation index, Systemic Inflammation Response Index, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, monocyte‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, serum C‐reactive protein levels, neutrophil count, monocyte count, body mass index, and waist circumference (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.014, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.046, p < 0.001, and p = 0.011, respectively). Among patients with severe psoriasis (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index >10), systemic immune‐inflammation index, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and serum C‐reactive protein levels were significantly higher compared to patients with mild/moderate psoriasis (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ≤10). In the ROC curve analysis, the optimal cut‐off (AUC, sensitivity, specificity) values for neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune‐inflammation index, and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio were found to be 2.11 (0.592, 62%, 57%), 552.9 (0.579, 61%, 58%), and 111.9 (0.578, 64%, 46%), respectively. The inflammatory parameters that showed correlation with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index were systemic immune‐inflammation index, Systemic Inflammation Response Index, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, monocyte‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and C‐reactive protein.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that systemic immune‐inflammation index, Systemic Inflammation Response Index, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, monocyte‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and C‐reactive protein values have the potential to serve as simple and cost‐effective markers for assessing the inflammatory burden in individuals with psoriasis.