bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic imaging using microearthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Block Lisa V. , Cheng C. H. , Fehler Michael C. , Phillips W. Scott 
Published: February 2016

Seismic imaging using microearthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing produces a three-dimensional (3-D), S-wave velocity model of the fractured zone, improves the calculated locations of the microearthquakes, and may lead to better estimates of fractureplane orientations, fracture density, and water flow paths. Such information is important for predicting the amount of heat energy that may be extracted from geothermal reservoir. A fractured zone was created at the Los Alamos Hot Dry Rock Reservoir in north-central New Mexico within otherwise impermeable basement rock by injecting [Formula: see text] of water into a borehole under high pressure at a depth of 3.5 km. Induced microearthquakes were observed using four borehole seismometers. The P-wave and S-wave arrival times have been inverted to find the 3-D velocity structures and the microearthquake locations and origin times. The inversion was implemented using the separation of parameters technique, and constraints were incorporated to require smooth velocity structures and to restrict the velocities within the fractured region to be less than or equal to the velocities of the unfractured basement rock. The rms amval time residuals decrease by 11–15 percent during the joint hypocenter-velocity inversion. The average change in the microearthquake locations is 20–27 m, depending on the smoothing parameter used. Tests with synthetic data imply that the absolute locations may improve by as much as 35 percent, while the relative locations may improve by 40 percent. The general S-wave velocity patterns are reliable, but the absolute velocity values are not uniquely determined. However, studies of inversions using various degrees of smoothing suggest that the S-wave velocities decrease by at least 13 percent in the most intensely fractured regions of the reservoir. The P-wave velocities are poorly constrained because the P-wave traveltime perturbations caused by the fluid-filled fractures are small compared to the amval time noise level. The significant difference in the relative signal-to-noise levels of the P-wave and S-wave arrival time data, coupled with the limited ray coverage, can produce a bias in the computed [Formula: see text] ratios, and corresponding systematic rotation of the microearthquake cluster. These adverse effects were greatly reduced by applying a [Formula: see text] lower bound based on the [Formula: see text] ratio of the unfractured basement rock.
Real structure of the non-profit institutions’ funding resources: market or government?
Authors: Hyanek Vladimir , Prouzova Zuzana 
Published: February 2016

According to the theory, there are reasons to assume that non-profit institutions (NPI) behave specifically, in the way that is significantly different from the behaviour typical for both for-profit and public service providers. Paper investigates NPIs´ reactions to the distinctive changes of the economic environment in the 2008–2013 when Czech NPIs were relatively strongly affected by the crisis, although this affection probably haven’t been as heavy as in some other European countries. Non-profit institutions (NPI) are characterized by their multi-source funding when payments from end-consumers are relatively low. The most reliable data sources are Annual National Accounts and the Satellite Account of NPIs, presenting macroeconomic data. In this article, we focus on structure of NPI funding resources changes in tough times of economic crisis. The paper derives from the preliminary results of our extensive research project focused on the impact of public financing on the structure of resources and production of non-profit institutions. This project utilizes a quantitative representative questionnaire survey of non-profit institutions. In this article we focus on a specific area of public social services only. The proposed paper seeks to prove that existing data sources do not capture the real/complex structure of NPI funding resources and will identify the shortcomings of the macroeconomic data and their scope.
Fracture clinic redesign reduces the cost of outpatient orthopaedic trauma care
Authors: Jenkins P. J. , Morton A. , Anderson G. , Van Der Meer R. B. , Rymaszewski L. A. 
Published: February 2016

Objectives “Virtual fracture clinics” have been reported as a safe and effective alternative to the traditional fracture clinic. Robust protocols are used to identify cases that do not require further review, with the remainder triaged to the most appropriate subspecialist at the optimum time for review. The objective of this study was to perform a “top-down” analysis of the cost effectiveness of this virtual fracture clinic pathway. Methods National Health Service financial returns relating to our institution were examined for the time period 2009 to 2014 which spanned the service redesign. Results The total staffing costs rose by 4% over the time period (from £1 744 933 to £1 811 301) compared with a national increase of 16%. The total outpatient department rate of attendance fell by 15% compared with a national fall of 5%. Had our local costs increased in line with the national average, an excess expenditure of £212 705 would have been required for staffing costs. Conclusions The virtual fracture clinic system was associated with less overall use of staff resources in comparison to national cost data. Adoption of this system nationally may have the potential to achieve significant cost savings. Cite this article: P. J. Jenkins. Fracture clinic redesign reduces the cost of outpatient orthopaedic trauma care. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:33–36. doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.52.2000506
Neutrophils in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Laval Julie , Ralhan Anjali , Hartl Dominik 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by chronic infection and inflammation. Among inflammatory cells, neutrophils represent the major cell population accumulating in the airways of CF patients. While neutrophils provide the first defensive cellular shield against bacterial and fungal pathogens, in chronic disease conditions such as CF these short-lived immune cells release their toxic granule contents that cause tissue remodeling and irreversible structural damage to the host. A variety of human and murine studies have analyzed neutrophils and their products in the context of CF, yet their precise functional role and therapeutic potential remain controversial and incompletely understood. Here, we summarize the current evidence in this field to shed light on the complex and multi-faceted role of neutrophils in CF lung disease.
An examination of language and nonverbal abilities in twins with Apert syndrome
Authors: Stavroussi Panayiota , Vlachos Filippos , Pisina Aspasia 
Published: February 2016

AbstractApert syndrome is a rare genetic syndrome that is usually associated with intellectual disability. There is still limited knowledge about the syndrome’s cognitive-linguistic characteristics.The aim of this study was to evaluate the language and nonverbal abilities of two children (twins) with Apert syndrome aged 8.6 years, and to examine whether their scores on the language and nonverbal measurements fall within the average range. The Λ-α-Τ-ω, a psychometric instrument that measures language competence, the Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability and the Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices were used for assessment purposes.According to the results, both children failed to give correct responses on the subtests measuring the phonological aspect of language. Moreover, the performances of both children on the nonverbal abilities measures tended to be below average.The need for additional studies to identify the cognitive-linguistic strengths and weaknesses related to the specific syndrome is underlined. Research-based knowledge on the behavioral phenotype and the phenotypic, in general, characteristics of this syndrome could lead to better intervention planning.
The crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-1,1′-benzene-1,4-diylbis(1H-benzimidazole-κ
2
N:N′)silver(I)] nitrate, C20H14N5AgO3
Authors: Xu Guo-Wang , Tao Hong-Hong , Wang Zhong-Long 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C20H14N5O3Ag, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 17.501 Å, b = 9.896 Å, c = 12.768 Å, β = 124.84°, V = 1814.8 Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0484, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1042, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of (Z)-1-(((3-acetyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)amino)methylene)naphthalen-2(1H)-one, C19H15NO3
Authors: Li Gang , Zhou Wei-Min , Zhu Li-Chun , Wang Li 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C19H15NO3, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 9.1811(4) Å, b = 16.0396(6) Å, c = 10.1330(5) Å, β = 98.640(5)° V = 1475.27(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0539, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1373, T = 294.29(10) K.
Crystal structure of (1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)bis(thiocyanato-κN)platinum(II), C14H8N4PtS2
Authors: Ha Kwang 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C14H8N4PtS2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.3318(7) Å, b = 15.1300(15) Å, c = 12.5924(13) Å, β = 90.379(2)°, V = 1396.8(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0349, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0668, T = 183(2) K.
Charge and Compositional Effects on the 2D–3D Transition in Octameric AgAu Clusters
Authors: Heard Christopher , Shayeghi Armin , Schäfer Rolf , Johnston Roy 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The unbiased density functional-based Birmingham Cluster Genetic Algorithm is employed to
locate the global minima of all neutral and mono-ionic silver-gold octamer
clusters. Structural, energetic and electronic trends are determined across the series, in
order to clarify the role of composition and charge on the position of the 2D–3D transition
in ultrasmall coinage metal systems. Our calculations indicate a preference for three
dimensional structures at high silver concentrations, which varies significantly with
charge. The minimum in composition dependent mixing energies is independent of the charge,
however, with a preference for the maximally mixed clusters, Ag4Au4

ν
for
all charge states ν. The sensitivity of isomeric preference to ν is found to be
greater for electron-rich and electron-deficient clusters, implying a complexity of
unambiguous determination of cluster motifs in related experiments. Vertical ionization
potentials and detachment energies are calculated to probe electronic behaviour, providing
numerical predictions for future spectroscopic studies.
Basketball Players' Dynamic Performance Across Competition Levels
Authors: Bullock Garrett S. , Arnold Todd W. , Plisky Phillip J. , Butler Robert J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBullock, GS, Arnold, TW, Plisky, PJ, and Butler, RJ. Basketball players' dynamic performance across competition levels.J Strength Cond Res32(12): 3537–3542, 2018—Dynamic balance is an integral component in screening lower extremity injury risk. Previous research has identified the need to create sport- and competition level–specific dynamic balance injury cut points. The purpose of this study was to determine if dynamic balance differences exist, using the Lower Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-LQ), across varying competition levels (middle school, high school, college, and professional), in basketball players. Subjects were participating at the middle school (MS;n= 88), high school (HS;n= 105), college (COL;n= 46), and professional levels (PRO;n= 41). Statistical analysis was completed with a series of analysis of variance tests. Tukey post hoc tests were used to identify specific group-to-group differences if statistical significance (p≤ 0.05) was observed. Effect size indices (ESI) were also calculated to provide an estimate of the clinical relevance. In the anterior reach, HS basketball players performed statistically better than the MS and COL (p< 0.01, ESI = 0.58) athletes, and all these groups performed better than the PRO basketball players (p< 0.01, ESI = 1.72). For the posteromedial, posterolateral reach directions and the composite score, the HS, COL, and PRO basketball players were not significantly different from each other; however, the HS group did reach further than the MS group (p< 0.01–0.02, ESI = 0.40–0.55). The PRO basketball players exhibited a lower asymmetrical total score compared with MS, HS, and COL players (p< 0.01–0.02, ESI = 0.52–0.68). Different competition levels displayed varying dynamic balance strategies. Creating basketball competition levels normative values for dynamic balance could help define injury risk cut points.
Waning Tdap Effectiveness in Adolescents
Authors: Klein Nicola P. , Bartlett Joan , Fireman Bruce , Baxter Roger 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Because the effectiveness of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine wanes substantially after the fifth dose at ages 4 to 6 years, there is a growing cohort of adolescents who rely on tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) for protection against pertussis. Yet despite high Tdap vaccine coverage among adolescents, California experienced large pertussis outbreaks in 2010 and 2014. We investigated Tdap vaccine effectiveness (VE) and waning within Kaiser Permanente Northern California among adolescents exclusively vaccinated with DTaP vaccines.

METHODS:
We modeled pertussis risk in relation to Tdap vaccination status among adolescents beginning on their 10th birthday. We estimated the hazard ratio (HR) for each subsequent year after Tdap compared with unvaccinated adolescents by using Cox regression, adjusting for calendar time, age, gender, race, and facility. We calculated VE as 1 − HR. We also treated time since Tdap vaccination as a continuous variable and estimated the change in the HR per 1-year increase since vaccination.

RESULTS:
On the basis of 1207 pertussis cases, Tdap VE during the first year after vaccination was 68.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 59.7% to 75.9%), decreasing to 8.9% (95% CI –30.6% to 36.4%) by ≥4 years after vaccination. Adolescents who were more remote from Tdap were significantly more likely to test positive for pertussis than were those vaccinated more recently (HR per year 1.35, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.50).

CONCLUSIONS:
Routine Tdap did not prevent pertussis outbreaks. Among adolescents who have only received DTaP vaccines in childhood, Tdap provided moderate protection against pertussis during the first year and then waned rapidly so that litle protection remained 2-3 years after vaccination..
Expanding a Shamanic Purview in Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: Whitten, Jr. Norman E. 
Published: February 2016

<p><strong>Resumen </strong></p><p>El universo chamánico de un pueblo de la Amazonía revela información sobre los procesos de presencia masculina chamánico y la presciencia de los movimientos entre este mundo y al mundo de los espíritus. El ámbito chamánico especial se expande en este artículo para incluir ceramistas femeninos de la cultura Amazónica, Canelos Quichua, interculturalidad ecuatoriana, festividad y la protesta política, así como la intelectualización de la cosmología chamánica . Se concluye con una sección sobre "conocimiento distante y conectividad chamánica " que va desde la Constitución ecuatoriana de 2008 a la identidad internacional macro- indígena. Originalmente preparado en el año 2009 para una conferencia en honor a Michael J. Harner, el artículo contiene una serie de referencias personales y memorias de los Whittens en referencia al trabajo innovador de Harner entre los Shuar del Ecuador.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>The shamanic universe of a particular Amazonian people yields information on processes of male shamanic presence and prescience in movement from this world to the spirit world and back. The special shamanic purview is expanded in this article to include female ceramists of indigenous Canelos Quichua Amazonian culture, Ecuadorian interculturality, festivity and political protest, and the intellectualization of shamanic cosmology. It concludes with a section on “distant knowledge and shamanic connectivity” that ranges from the 2008 Ecuadorian Constitution to international macro-indigenous identity. Originally prepared in 2009 to honor Michael J. Harner, the article contains a number of personal references and remembrances of the Whittens of Harner’s groundbreaking work among the Ecuadorian Shuar.</p>
La tradicion y simbolismo en la feria alasita, ciudad - Puno
Authors: Jove Quimper Hernán , Jove Roelas Laidy 
Published: February 2016

<p><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p>Interpretamos la tradición y simbolismo en la feria Alasita Puno: 2014. La agencia organizadora de la feria Alasita, fue el Municipio y la Asociación de Artesanos en Miniaturas, llevados del 1° al 10 de mayo. Los agentes de acción, fueron: los comerciantes, las personas adquiriendo miniaturas, la misa religiosa de la “Stma, Cruz de Bellavista”; los rituales de los “Callawayos”, “Yatiris” y “Paqos” (curanderos-pagadores). Los materiales de investigación, fueron la observación, la entrevista y, el método cualitativo. La tradición comercial Alasita, fue el campo adquisitivo de miniaturas: billetes dinero, sapos, casas, carros, amuletos, títulos, etc.; para el éxito. Hubo cuatro mecanismos de surgimiento de la feria Alasita: transmitida “desde abajo”, el “funcional”, impuesta “desde arriba” y, por “herencia personal”. El símbolo expresivo Iqiqu, deidad de la fortuna en la feria Alasita, fue traído e imitado, de efecto bipolar fasto-nefasto. La “estatua” y la representación viva Iqiqu, tuvo el significado de “Papá Noel Colla”. </p><p> </p><p><strong>The</strong><strong> tradition and symbolism in Alasita fair city - Puno</strong></p><pre>We interpret the tradition and symbolism in the fair Alasita Puno: 2014. The organizing agency Alasita fair, was the Municipality and the Association of Artisans in Miniature, taken from 1 to May 10. Acting agents, were traders, people buying miniatures, religious Mass of "Blessed, Cruz de Bellavista"; the rituals of the "Callawayos", “Yatiris" and "paqos" (healers–payers). Research materials were observation, interview and qualitative method. The Alasita commercial tradition, was the purchasing field thumbnails: money bills, toads, houses, cars, amulets, titles, etc.; for success. There were four mechanisms of emergence of fair Alasita: transmitted "from below", the "functional" imposed "from above", and "personal heritage". Iqiqu expressive symbol, deity of fortune in Alasita fair, was brought and imitated, bipolar pomp - disastrous effect. The "Statue" and the living representation Iqiqu, had the meaning of "Santa Claus Colla ". <br /><br /></pre><p><strong><br /></strong></p>
Entrenamiento hipóxico como recurso para el fortalecimiento mental en nadadores élite de fondo y medio fondo
Authors: Tarqui-Silva Leonardo 
Published: February 2016

<p><strong><em>RESUMEN:</em></strong></p><p><em>La siguiente investigación en Psicología del Deporte aborda la preparación mental y física de los nadadores a través de la propuesta técnico-psicológica de incluir ejercicios y estrategias de carácter hipóxico dentro de los entrenamientos regulares de los braceadores élite de media y larga distancia, con el objetivo específico de acrecentar los umbrales de su capacidad anaeróbica junto con la resistencia a los efectos de la producción de elementos metabólicos como el </em><em>ácido láctico estableciendo mecanismos adaptativos homeostáticos a estos estados, lo cual conlleva a la directa estimulación para la formación de hemoglobina y glóbulos rojos en la sangre, aumentando la capacidad de oxígeno. </em><em>Mientras </em><em>transcurren estos procesos bioquímicos internos, a nivel de las funciones cerebrales se concreta una reestructuración cognitiva, volitiva, motivacional y conductual frente al agotamiento e introducción de ejercicios adicionales a las cargas de entrenamiento que experimenta el deportista de esta disciplina; habituándolo de tal forma que logre superar las barreras sensoriales y perceptivas de sus propias limitaciones mentales intrínsecas y físicas, logrando incrementar la tolerancia al cansancio como consecuencia final durante la etapa de competición, facultándolo para alcanzar resultados de mayor envergadura al momento de encarar la agonística y llevar su cuerpo a los límites de su funcionamiento.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p>The following research in Sport Psychology deals with the mental and physical preparation of swimmers through the technical proposal to include psychological exercises and strategies hypoxic character within the regular training of the elite middle and long distance bronzers, aiming specific thresholds increase their anaerobic capacity along with resistance to the effects of metabolic production of elements such as lactic acid establishing adaptive homeostatic mechanisms to these states, which leads to direct stimulation for the formation of red blood cells and hemoglobin blood, increasing the oxygen capacity. While pass these internal biochemical processes at the level of brain function cognitive, volitional, motivational and behavioral restructuring from depletion and introduction of additional exercises to training loads experienced by the athletes of this discipline is concrete; accustoming so that will overcome the sensory and perceptual barriers of their own intrinsic physical and mental limitations, thereby increasing tolerance to fatigue as the final result during the competition stage, empowering it to achieve larger results when addressing the agonistic and take your body to the limits of their functioning.</p><p> </p>
Características físicas de la fibra de vicuña en la zona alta andina de Tacna.
Authors: Maquera F. E. 
Published: February 2016

<p>El estudio se realizó en la zona alto andina en Comunidad de Maure anexo Mamuta, de la Provincia de Tarata de la Región de Tacna, con el objetivo de determinar peso de vellón, diámetro de fibra, longitud de mecha y caracterización cuticular, se evaluó 30 vicuñas de ambos sexos y edades, durante trabajo chacu, logrando a obtener siguiente información: Peso de vellón alcanzado fue de 214.1 g. con rango que varía entre 140.0g - 333.0 g.. Entre sexo-edad se encontró diferencias significativas (p≤0.05) los machos juveniles poseen menos peso de vellón 156±41.8 g. en comparación a las hembras juveniles con 217.4±28.2g y entre los adultos existe marcada diferencia (p≤0.05) machos alcanzaron 239.9 ±41.8 y las hembras alcanzaron 221.6±17.0. El promedio de diámetro de fibra fue de 13.0µm con un rango que varía entre 11.1 – 14.8 µm Referente al sexo los machos alcanzaron (13.2µm) y las hembras (13.1µm) no habiendo diferencias significativas (p≥0.05) entre ambos sexos. Sin embargo para la edad se encontró diferencias significativas (p≤0.05), los juveniles poseen (12.7 µm) y adultos tuvieron fibras más engrosadas de (13.6µm), En relación de longitud de mecha alcanzado fue de 32.7 mm con un rango que varía entre 25.0 mm a 45 mm, no habiendo diferencias (p≥0.05) entre edad y sexo. Para visibilizar y caracterizar cutícula, como primer paso se siguió las recomendaciones de (American Society For Testing and Materials - ASTM). Para luego fijar y ubicar las fibras a una lámina porta objeto, y llevar al microscopio electrónico de Barrido Marca Tescan Modelo Vega II a un aumento 500 x/1.25 .Las fibras de menor diámetro se caracterizan por poseer una cutícula con escamas de tipo coronal con bordes simples, embargo para fibras de mayor grosor posee una cutícula con escamas reticulares bordes ovaladas.</p>