bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Improved Empirical Harmonic Model of the Celestial Intermediate Pole Offsets from a Global VLBI Solution
Authors: Belda Santiago , Heinkelmann Robert , Ferrándiz José M. , Karbon Maria , Nilsson Tobias , Schuh Harald 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is the only space geodetic technique capable of measuring all the Earth orientation parameters (EOP) accurately and simultaneously. Modeling the Earth's rotational motion in space within the stringent consistency goals of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) makes VLBI observations essential for constraining the rotation theories. However, the inaccuracy of early VLBI data and the outdated products could cause non-compliance with these goals. In this paper, we perform a global VLBI analysis of sessions with different processing settings to determine a new set of empirical corrections to the precession offsets and rates, and to the amplitudes of a wide set of terms included in the IAU 2006/2000A precession-nutation theory. We discuss the results in terms of consistency, systematic errors, and physics of the Earth. We find that the largest improvements w.r.t. the values from IAU 2006/2000A precession-nutation theory are associated with the longest periods (e.g., 18.6-yr nutation). A statistical analysis of the residuals shows that the provided corrections attain an error reduction at the level of 15 μas. Additionally, including a Free Core Nutation (FCN) model into a priori Celestial Pole Offsets (CPOs) provides the lowest Weighted Root Mean Square (WRMS) of residuals. We show that the CPO estimates are quite insensitive to TRF choice, but slightly sensitive to the a priori EOP and the inclusion of different VLBI sessions. Finally, the remaining residuals reveal two apparent retrograde signals with periods of nearly 2069 and 1034 days.
Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Observations of Head–Tail Radio Galaxies
Authors: Sebastian Biny , Lal Dharam V. , Rao A. Pramesh 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We present results from a study of seven large known head–tail radio galaxies based on observations using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope at 240 and 610 MHz. These observations are used to study the radio morphologies and distribution of the spectral indices across the sources. The overall morphology of the radio tails of these sources is suggestive of random motions of the optical host around the cluster potential. The presence of multiple bends and wiggles in several head–tail sources is possibly due to the precessing radio jets. We find steepening of the spectral index along the radio tails. The prevailing equipartition magnetic field also decreases along the radio tails of these sources. These steepening trends are attributed to the synchrotron aging of plasma toward the ends of the tails. The dynamical ages of these sample sources have been estimated to be ∼108 yr, which is a factor of six more than the age estimates from the radiative losses due to synchrotron cooling.
Twelve Years of Spectroscopic Monitoring in the Galactic Center: The Closest Look at S-stars near the Black Hole
Authors: Habibi M. , Gillessen S. , Martins F. , Eisenhauer F. , Plewa P. M. , Pfuhl O. , George E. , Dexter J. , Waisberg I. , Ott T. , Fellenberg S. von , Bauböck M. , Jimenez-Rosales A. , Genzel R. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We study the young S-stars within a distance of 0.04 pc from the supermassive black hole in the center of our Galaxy. Given how inhospitable the region is for star formation, their presence is more puzzling the younger we estimate their ages. In this study, we analyze the result of 12 years of high-resolution spectroscopy within the central arcsecond of the Galactic Center (GC). By co-adding between 55 and 105 hr of spectra we have obtained high signal-to-noise H- and K-band spectra of eight stars orbiting the central supermassive black hole. Using deep H-band spectra, we show that these stars must be high surface gravity (dwarf) stars. We compare these deep spectra to detailed model atmospheres and stellar evolution models to infer the stellar parameters. Our analysis reveals an effective temperature of 21,000–28,500 K, a rotational velocity of 60–170 km s−1, and a surface gravity of 4.1–4.2. These parameters imply a spectral type of B0–B3V for these stars. The inferred masses lie within 8–14

. We derive an age of

Myr for the star S2, which is compatible with the age of the clockwise-rotating young stellar disk in the GC. We estimate the ages of all other studied S-stars to be less than 15 Myr, which is compatible with the age of S2 within the uncertainties. The relatively low ages for these S-stars favor a scenario in which the stars formed in a local disk rather than a field binary-disruption scenario that occurred over a longer period of time.
At a Crossroads: Stellar Streams in the South Galactic Cap
Authors: Grillmair Carl J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We examine the distribution of old, metal-poor stars in a portion of the recently released PanSTARRs survey. We find an interesting confluence of four new cold stellar stream candidates that appear to converge on or pass near the south Galactic pole. The stream candidates, which we designate as Murrumbidgee, Molonglo, Orinoco, and Kwando, lie at a distance of

and range in length from

to

, or about 5 to 33 kpc. The stream candidates are between 100 and 300 pc in width and are estimated to contain between 3000 and 8000 stars each, suggesting progenitors similar to modern day globular clusters. The trajectories of the streams imply orbits that range from hyperbolic to nearly circular. The Molonglo stream is nearly parallel to, at the same distance as, and offset by only

from the previously discovered ATLAS stream, suggesting a possible common origin. Orinoco and Kwando also have similarly shaped, moderately eccentric, obliquely viewed orbits that suggest distinct progenitors within a common, larger parent body.
Simple Analytical Forms of the Perpendicular Diffusion Coefficient for Two-component Turbulence. III. Damping Model of Dynamical Turbulence
Authors: Gammon M. , Shalchi A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In several astrophysical applications one needs analytical forms of cosmic-ray diffusion parameters. Some examples are studies of diffusive shock acceleration and solar modulation. In the current article we explore perpendicular diffusion based on the unified nonlinear transport theory. While we focused on magnetostatic turbulence in Paper I, we included the effect of dynamical turbulence in Paper II of the series. In the latter paper we assumed that the temporal correlation time does not depend on the wavenumber. More realistic models have been proposed in the past, such as the so-called damping model of dynamical turbulence. In the present paper we derive analytical forms for the perpendicular diffusion coefficient of energetic particles in two-component turbulence for this type of time-dependent turbulence. We present new formulas for the perpendicular diffusion coefficient and we derive a condition for which the magnetostatic result is recovered.
The Solar Flare Complex Network
Authors: Gheibi Akbar , Safari Hossein , Javaherian Mohsen 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We investigate the characteristics of the solar flare complex network. The limited predictability, nonlinearity, and self-organized criticality of the flares allow us to study systems of flares in the field of the complex systems. Both the occurrence time and the location of flares detected from 2006 January 1 to 2016 July 21 are used to design the growing flares network. The solar surface is divided into cells with equal areas. The cells, which include flares, are considered nodes of the network. The related links are equivalent to sympathetic flaring. The extracted features demonstrate that the network of flares follows quantitative measures of complexity. The power-law nature of the connectivity distribution with a degree exponent greater than three reveals that flares form a scale-free and small-world network. A large value for the clustering coefficient, a small characteristic path length, and a slow change of the diameter are all characteristics of the flares network. We show that the degree correlation of the flares network has the characteristics of a disassortative network. About 11% of the large energetic flares (M and X types in GOES classification) that occurred in the network hubs cover 3% of the solar surface.
Circumstellar Light Echo as a Possible Origin of the Polarization of Type IIP Supernovae
Authors: Nagao Takashi , Maeda Keiichi , Tanaka Masaomi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Type IIP supernovae (SNe IIP) are the most common class of core-collapse SNe. They often show a rapid increase of polarization degree in the late phase. This time evolution is generally believed to originate from the emergence of an inner aspherical core, while the effect of polarized-scattered echoes by circumstellar (CS) dust around the SN may also substantially contribute to this polarization feature. In this study, we examine the effects of the scattered echoes on the SN polarization through radiative transfer simulations for various geometries and amounts of CS dust. It is found that asymmetrically distributed CS dust, which is generally inferred for red supergiants, can reproduce the observed polarization features. We have applied our results to SNe 2004dj and 2006ov, deriving the geometry and amount of CS dust to explain their observed polarization features in this scenario. For both SNe, the blob-like or bipolar distribution of CS dust rather than the disk-like distribution is favored. The derived dust masses

in the blob model (the bipolar CS dust model) for SNe 2004dj and 2006ov are

(

) and

(

), respectively. Even in the case where this process would not play a dominant role in the observed polarization signals, this effect should in principle contribute to it, the strength of which depends on the nature of the CS dust. Therefore, this effect must be taken into account in discussing the multi-dimensional structure of an SN explosion through polarimetric observations.
HERP Binds TBK1 To Activate Innate Immunity and Repress Virus Replication in Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Ge Maolin , Luo Zhen , Qiao Zhi , Zhou Yao , Cheng Xin , Geng Qibin , Cai Yanyan , Wan Pin , Xiong Ying , Liu Fang , Wu Kailang , Liu Yingle , Wu Jianguo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHost innate immunity is crucial for cellular responses against viral infection sensed by distinct pattern recognition receptors and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease and neurological diseases. However, the exact mechanism underlying the link between ER stress induced by EV71 infection and host innate immunity is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that EV71 infection induces the homocysteine-induced ER protein (HERP), a modulator of the ER stress response which is dependent on the participation of MAVS. Virus-induced HERP subsequently stimulates host innate immunity to repress viral replication by promoting type-I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β) and type-III IFN (IFN-λ1) expression. Through interacting with TANK-binding kinase 1, HERP amplifies the MAVS signaling and facilitates the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IFN regulatory factor 3 and NF-κB to enhance the expression of IFNs, which leads to a broad inhibition of the replication of RNA viruses, including EV71, Sendai virus, influenza A virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus. Therefore, we demonstrated that HERP plays an important role in the regulation of host innate immunity in response to ER stress during the infection of RNA viruses. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the replication of RNA viruses and the production of IFNs, and also demonstrate a new role of HERP in the regulation of host innate immunity in response to viral infection.
Circadian blood pressure rhythm and intimal media thickness changes in non-dipper normotensives patients
Authors: Rocchietti March Massimiliano , Maggiore Claudia , Salerno Gerardo , De Venanzi Agostino , Scaramucci Elena , Cardelli Patrizia 
Published: September 2017

<p>We investigated 25 <em>non-dipper</em> normotensive <em>vs </em>25 <em>dipper </em>normotensive patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) in the two groups. At the admission patients underwent anamnesis and general examination, blood sampling for lipid profile measurement, glycemia, homocysteine, ambulatory blood pressure measurement to assess the circadian blood pressure profile, and Doppler ultrasound to measure carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT). Our results showed that IMT is significantly higher in the <em>non-dipper </em>group (P&lt;0.006) <em>vs dippers</em>. <em>Non-dipper </em>status has been recognized in several studies a condition with increased risk for target organ damage in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. However, to our knowledge, a possible relationship between IMT and normotensive <em>non-dipper </em>patients has not yet clearly investigated. Our study instead has clearly demonstrated a significant relationship between IMT and the <em>non-dipper status</em>.</p>
Problematiche internistiche in corso di gravidanza
Authors: Gnerre P. , Pinna G. , Nardi R. 
Published: September 2017

<img src="/public/site/images/pgranata/rass.jpg" alt="" /><br /><p class="titolo"><strong>L’internista in ostetricia</strong><br /><em>V. Donvito, A. Maina, L. Balbi, D. Manfellotto</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Tromboembolismo venoso in gravidanza</strong><br /><em>A. Fontanella, M. Gino</em> </p><p class="titolo"><strong>Cardiopatie e gravidanza</strong><br /><em>R. Gerloni, D. Panuccio</em> </p><p class="titolo"><strong>Ipertensione arteriosa in gravidanza e preeclampsia</strong><br /><em>F. Saladini, N. Lazzarin, D. Manfellotto</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Trombocitopenia in gravidanza</strong><br /><em>R. Mestroni, A. Civardi</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Malattie broncopolmonari in gravidanza<br /> Gravidanza ed apparato respiratorio in fisiologia e patologia</strong><br /><em>O. Para, A. Sacchetta</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Management del diabete mellito in gravidanza<br /> Parte 1: Gestante con diabete pregravidico</strong><br /><em>I. Ambrosino, T.M. Attardo, G. Augello</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Management del diabete mellito in gravidanza<br /> Parte 2: Il diabete mellito gestazionale</strong><br /><em>T.M. Attardo, I. Ambrosino, G. Augello</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Tireopatie in gravidanza</strong><br /><em>E. Barbagelata</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Malattie del fegato e gravidanza</strong><br /><em>P. Crispino, L. Fontanella, M. Visconti, P. Gnerre</em></p><p class="titolo"><em><strong>Hyperemesis gravidarum</strong></em><br /><em>M.S. Montini, P. Gnerre</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Batteriuria asintomatica e infezioni delle vie urinarie sintomatiche in gravidanza</strong><br /><em>P. Gnerre, M. Giusti</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Terapia antibiotica in gravidanza</strong><br /><em>P. Gnerre, M. Giusti</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Conclusioni:<br /> <em>Learning points</em> per chi richiede (e per chi esegue) la consulenza</strong><br /><em>G. Pinna, R. Re</em></p><p class="titolo"> </p>
Calibrating climate models using inverse methods: case studies with HadAM3, HadAM3P and HadCM3
Authors: Tett Simon F. B. , Yamazaki Kuniko , Mineter Michael J. , Cartis Coralia , Eizenberg Nathan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Optimisation methods were successfully used to calibrate parameters in an atmospheric component of a climate model using two variants of the Gauss–Newton line-search algorithm: (1) a standard Gauss–Newton algorithm in which, in each iteration, all parameters were perturbed and (2) a randomised block-coordinate variant in which, in each iteration, a random sub-set of parameters was perturbed. The cost function to be minimised used multiple large-scale multi-annual average observations and was constrained to produce net radiative fluxes close to those observed. These algorithms were used to calibrate the HadAM3 (third Hadley Centre Atmospheric Model) model at N48 resolution and the HadAM3P model at N96 resolution.For the HadAM3 model, cases with 7 and 14 parameters were tried. All ten 7-parameter cases using HadAM3 converged to cost function values similar to that of the standard configuration. For the 14-parameter cases several failed to converge, with the random variant in which 6 parameters were perturbed being most successful. Multiple sets of parameter values were found that produced multiple models very similar to the standard configuration. HadAM3 cases that converged were coupled to an ocean model and run for 20 years starting from a pre-industrial HadCM3 (3rd Hadley Centre Coupled model) state resulting in several models whose global-average temperatures were consistent with pre-industrial estimates. For the 7-parameter cases the Gauss–Newton algorithm converged in about 70 evaluations. For the 14-parameter algorithm, with 6 parameters being randomly perturbed, about 80 evaluations were needed for convergence. However, when 8 parameters were randomly perturbed, algorithm performance was poor. Our results suggest the computational cost for the Gauss–Newton algorithm scales between P and P2, where P is the number of parameters being calibrated.For the HadAM3P model three algorithms were tested. Algorithms in which seven parameters were perturbed and three out of seven parameters randomly perturbed produced final configurations comparable to the standard hand-tuned configuration. An algorithm in which 6 out of 13 parameters were randomly perturbed failed to converge.These results suggest that automatic parameter calibration using atmospheric models is feasible and that the resulting coupled models are stable. Thus, automatic calibration could replace human-driven trial and error. However, convergence and costs are likely sensitive to details of the algorithm.
The Effect of Obesity on Surgical Treatment of Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Ahmad Jamal , Jones Kennis 
Published: September 2017

Introduction:
We conducted a retrospective comparison of surgical treatment outcomes for acute Achilles tendon ruptures in nonobese and obese patients.

Methods:
Between October 2006 and April 2014, we studied 76 patients with acute midsubstance Achilles tendon rupture: 44 nonobese and 32 obese (body mass index >30 kg/m2). Preoperative and postoperative function and pain were graded with the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) Sports subscale and the visual analog scale for pain, respectively.

Results:
All 76 patients presented for follow-up. On a scale of 100, the mean FAAM score for the nonobese patients increased from 38.1 preoperatively to 90.2 at final visit, and on a scale of 10, the mean pain score decreased from 7.1 preoperatively to 1.6 at latest follow-up. For obese patients, the mean FAAM score increased from 34.2 preoperatively to 83.3 at final visit, and the mean pain score decreased from 6.2 preoperatively to 1.9 at the latest follow-up. The postoperative scores of the two groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Postoperative wound complications developed in six nonobese patients and one obese patient (13.6% and 3.1%, respectively; P < 0.05).

Discussion:
To our knowledge, comparing outcomes from surgically treated acute Achilles ruptures in nonobese and obese patients has not been previously reported. We found that both obese and nonobese patients can achieve improved Achilles tendon function and pain as a result of surgery.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study demonstrate that both nonobese and obese patients can achieve a high rate of improvement in ankle function and pain relief after surgical repair of the Achilles tendon.
Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Healthcare Setting in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: ABAZA AMANI F. , EL SHAZLY SORAYA A. , SELIM HEBA S.A. , ALY GEHAN S.A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a major healthcare associated pathogen that creates a serious public health disaster in both developing and developed countries. In this work we aimed at studying the occurrence of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing P. aeruginosa in a healthcare setting in Alexandria, Egypt. This cross sectional study included 1583 clinical samples that were collected from patients admitted to Alexandria University Students’ Hospital. P. aeruginosa isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods and were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns using single disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. Thirty P. aeruginosa isolates were randomly selected and tested for their MBL production by both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Diagnostic Epsilometer test was done to detect metallo-beta-lactamase enzyme producers and polymerase chain reaction test was done to detect imipenemase (IMP), Verona integron-encoded (VIM) and Sao Paulo metallo-beta-lactamase (IMP) encoding genes. Of the 1583 clinical samples, 175 (11.3%) P. aeruginosa isolates were identified. All the 30 (100%) selected P. aeruginosa isolates that were tested for MBL production by Epsilometer test were found to be positive; where 19 (63.3%) revealed bla
SPM gene and 11 (36.7%) had bla
IMP gene. bla
VIM gene was not detected in any of the tested isolates. Isolates of MBL producing P. aeruginosa were highly susceptible to polymyxin B 26 (86.7%) and highly resistant to amikacin 26 (86.7%). MBL producers were detected phenotypically by Epsilometer test in both carbapenem susceptible and resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. bla
SPM was the most commonly detected MBL gene in P. aeruginosa isolates.
Polish Physicians’ Attitudes Towards Antibiotic Prescription and Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: MAZIŃSKA BEATA , HRYNIEWICZ WALERIA 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has been one of the biggest global current issues in medicine and public health. Overuse and imprudent use of antimicrobial agents are recognized as one of the leading causes of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to analyze the attitudes of Polish physicians practicing at the community level towards antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance. The majority of physicians taking part in the survey believed that Polish people overuse antibiotics (98%). Most physicians (91%) considered that antimicrobial resistance is a major problem at present. The majority of physicians indicated the reasons for prescribing the antibiotic are related to health factors, such as optimal recovery (best effectiveness, least side effects) (80%), latest therapeutic guidelines (70%) and microbiological/epidemiological factors (63%). Knowledge of the National Recommendations for the management of Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections 2010 (NR-CA-RTI) developed within National Programme for Protection of Antibiotics was declared by 84% of respondents. Among those who are aware of the NR-CA-RTI, the majority follow them in their daily practice (91%). Among physicians, 62% are not familiar with the Centor/ McIsaac scores used to differentiate bacterial and viral infections in patients presenting with a sore throat. Among physicians familiar with the scores, 90% use them in their daily practice. Rapid microbiological detection methods for Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis are used only by 20% of respondents. Almost all of physicians declared readiness to use these tests. Main sources of information on antibiotics prescribing originate from Polish medical journals, scientific conferences organized by medical societies, pharmaceutical companies.