bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restricted co‐localization of glutamate and dopamine in neurons of the adult sea lamprey brain
Authors: Fernández‐López B. , Sobrido‐Cameán D. , Anadón R. , Rodicio M. C. , Barreiro‐Iglesias A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCo‐localization of dopamine with other classical neurotransmitters in the same neuron is a common phenomenon in the brain of vertebrates. In mammals, some dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area and the hypothalamus have a glutamatergic co‐phenotype. However, information on the presence of this type of dopaminergic neurons in other vertebrate groups is very scant. Here, we aimed to provide new insights on the evolution of this neuronal co‐phenotype by studying the presence of a dual dopaminergic/glutamatergic neuron phenotype in the central nervous system of lampreys. Double immunofluorescence experiments for dopamine and glutamate in adult sea lampreys revealed co‐localization of both neurotransmitters in some neurons of the preoptic nucleus, the nucleus of the postoptic commissure, the dorsal hypothalamus and in cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting cells of the caudal rhombencephalon and rostral spinal cord. Moreover, co‐localization of dopamine and glutamate was found in dopaminergic fibres in a few brain regions including the lateral pallium, striatum, and the preoptic and postoptic areas but not in the brainstem. Our results suggest that the presence of neurons with a dopaminergic/glutamatergic co‐phenotype is a primitive character shared by jawless and jawed vertebrates. However, important differences in the distribution of these neurons and fibres were noted among the few vertebrates investigated to date. This study offers an anatomical basis for further work on the role of glutamate in dopaminergic neurons.
A pilot study of treatment of striae distensae with variable square pulse Erbium: YAG laser resurfacing
Authors: Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima , Meeprathom Walailak , Manuskiatti Woraphong 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundStriae distensae (SD) are a frequent skin condition for which treatment remains a challenge. Various laser treatments have been employed to remove the epidermis and cause dermal wound and heating with subsequent dermal collagen remodeling.ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy and safety of a variable square pulse Erbium: YAG (VSP Er:YAG) laser for the treatment of striae in skin phototypes III‐IV.MethodsTwenty‐one women with SD were treated monthly for 2 months with VSP Er:YAG laser resurfacing using a 7‐mm spot size. One side of their striae was randomly treated with one pass of 400 mJ in short pulse (SP) mode with 50% overlapping and one pass of 2.2 J/cm2 in smooth (SM) mode with nonoverlapping. The other side of their striae was treated with two passes of 400 mJ in SP mode with 50% overlapping. Objective and subjective assessments were obtained at baseline and 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐month after treatment.ResultsIn both SP&SM and SP only group, volume of SD measured by Visioscan VC98 reduced significantly at 6‐month follow‐up visit (P=.017 and P=.034, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in skin roughness (SER), skin smoothness (SESM), and surface measured by Visioscan VC98. Transient postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is the common side effect found in patients with darker skin tone even in nonsun exposure areas and can last as long as 6 months.ConclusionsVSP Er:YAG laser resurfacing is a promising treatment option for SD. Lower fluence should be used in patients with darker skin phototype to avoid the risk of PIH. In addition, pre‐ and post‐treatment with topical preparations for PIH prevention may be needed.
Morphological, molecular, and toxin analysis of field populations of Alexandrium genus from the Argentine Sea
Authors: Fabro Elena , Almandoz Gastón O. , Ferrario Martha , John Uwe , Tillmann Urban , Toebe Kerstin , Krock Bernd , Cembella Allan 
Published: August 2017

In the Argentine Sea, blooms of toxigenic dinoflagellates of the Alexandrium tamarense species complex have led to fish and bird mortalities and human deaths as a consequence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Yet little is known about the occurrence of other toxigenic species of the genus Alexandrium, or of their toxin composition beyond coastal waters. The distribution of Alexandrium species and related toxins in the Argentine Sea was determined by sampling surface waters on an oceanographic expedition during austral spring from ~39°S to 48°S. Light microscope and SEM analysis for species identification and enumeration was supplemented by confirmatory PCR analysis from field samples. The most frequent Alexandrium taxon identified by microscopy corresponded to the classical description of A. tamarense. Only weak signals of Group I from the A. tamarense species complex were detected by PCR of bulk field samples, but phylogenetic reconstruction of rDNA sequences from single cells from one station assigned them to ribotype Group I (Alexandrium catenella). PCR probes for Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium ostenfeldii yielded a positive signal, although A. minutum morphology did not completely match the classical description. Analysis of PSP toxin composition of plankton samples revealed toxin profiles dominated by gonyautoxins (GTX1/4). The main toxic cyclic imine detected was 13‐desMe‐spirolide C and this supported the association with A. ostenfeldii in the field. This study represents the first integrated molecular, morphological and toxinological analysis of field populations of the genus Alexandrium in the Argentine Sea.
Is higher population‐level use of ICS/LABA combination associated with better asthma outcomes? Cross‐sectional surveys of nationally representative populations in New Zealand and Australia
Authors: Reddel Helen K. , Beckert Lutz , Moran Angela , Ingham Tristram , Ampon Rosario D. , Peters Matthew J. , Sawyer Susan M. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveNew Zealand (NZ) and Australia (AU) have similarly high asthma prevalence; both have universal public health systems, but different criteria for subsidized medicines. We explored differences in asthma management and asthma‐related outcomes between these countries.MethodsA web‐based survey was administered in AU (2012) and NZ (2013) to individuals aged ≥16 years with current asthma, drawn randomly from web‐based panels, stratified by national population proportions. Symptom control was assessed with the Asthma Control Test (ACT). Healthcare utilization was assessed from reported urgent doctor/hospital visits in the previous year.ResultsNZ (n = 537) and Australian (n = 2686) participants had similar age and gender distribution. More NZ than Australian participants used inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)‐containing medication (68.8% vs 60.9%; P = 0.006) but ICS/long‐acting β2‐agonist (LABA) constituted 44.4% of NZ and 81.5% of Australian total ICS use (P < 0.0001). Adherence was higher with ICS/LABA than ICS‐alone (P < 0.0001), and higher in NZ than in AU (P < 0.0001). ACT scores were similar (P = 0.41), with symptoms well controlled in 58.6% and 54.4% participants, respectively. More NZ participants reported non‐urgent asthma reviews (56.6% vs 50.4%; P = 0.009). Similar proportions had urgent asthma visits (27.9% and 28.6%, respectively, P = 0.75).ConclusionThis comparison, which included the first nationally representative data for asthma control in NZ, showed that poorly controlled asthma is common in both NZ and AU, despite subsidized ICS‐containing medications. The greater use of ICS‐alone in NZ relative to ICS/LABA does not appear to have compromised population‐level asthma outcomes, perhaps due to better adherence in NZ. Different ICS/LABA subsidy criteria and different patient copayments may also have contributed to these findings.
Anti-CD137 and PD-1/PD-L1 Antibodies En Route toward Clinical Synergy
Authors: Pérez-Ruiz Elisabeth , Etxeberria Iñaki , Rodriguez-Ruiz Maria E. , Melero Ignacio 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
T-cell costimulation and coinhibition can be respectively exploited by blocking and agonist mAbs. Both strategies can be synergistically combined in mouse models. Early clinical results from combinations of anti–PD-1 mAbs in conjunction with agonist anti-CD137 (4-1BB) mAbs show excellent safety and promising efficacy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5326–8. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Tolcher et al., p. 5349
Ruxolitinib vs best available therapy for ET intolerant or resistant to hydroxycarbamide
Authors: Harrison Claire N. , Mead Adam J. , Panchal Anesh , Fox Sonia , Yap Christina , Gbandi Emmanouela , Houlton Aimee , Alimam Samah , Ewing Joanne , Wood Marion , Chen Frederick , Coppell Jason , Panoskaltsis Nicki , Knapper Steven , Ali Sahra , Hamblin Angela , Scherber Robyn , Dueck Amylou C. , Cross Nicholas C. P. , Mesa Ruben , McMullin Mary Frances 
Published: August 2017

Key Points
After hydroxycarbamide therapy in high-risk ET, ruxolitinib showed no improvement for complete or partial response rates compared with BAT. Ruxolitinib significantly improved some disease-related symptoms, but rates of thrombosis, hemorrhage, or transformation were not different.
Anatomy and physiology, 1. Homeostasis
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: August 2017

In order to offer care to people that is safe and effective, the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) need to have an understating of how the human body functions in illness and health. This series of articles provides the HCA and AP with an understanding of how the human body works: the anatomy and physiology. This first article focuses on homeostasis, how the body maintains a stable internal environment, despite changes that occur externally. The second article will then consider the cells, the basic building blocks of all living things. The remainder of the series will address each of the body systems. In this article, homeostasis is defined and explained and examples are provided as to how the body maintains homeostasis. Each article will end with a glossary, helping the reader to understand some of the terms used in the articles.
Management of open apex in a central incisor using mineral trioxide aggregate
Authors: Warner Jason J , Al-Salehi Samira K 
Published: August 2017

Trauma to an immature tooth can result in pulpal devitalization and arrested apexogenesis, resulting in open apices; this is most common in anterior teeth of the permanent dentition. The attainment of an apical seal in such cases is challenging. The management of an open apex in a central incisor in a 16-year-old male patient is described in this report. The satisfactory result achieved suggests that mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) can be used successfully as a filling material in teeth with open apices. Clinical Relevance: Preservation of anterior teeth following trauma is essential, especially in young patients. A good option is the use of mineral trioxide aggregate in the treatment of open apices.
Aplikasi Thermochromic Liquid Crystal Untuk Mengamati Perpindahan Kalor Pada Permukaan Logam
Authors: Suryantari Risti , Flaviana Flaviana 
Published: August 2017

<div class="WordSection1"><p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengamati peristiwa perpindahan kalor pada area permukaan logam yang bersentuhan dengan permukaan lembaran <em>Thermochromic Liquid Crystal</em> (<em>TLC</em>) R30C5W, melalui citra permukaan <em>TLC</em> selama proses pemanasan logam. Logam dipanaskan dengan pemanas celup, sehingga kalor akan terdistribusi hingga mencapai permukaan logam. Apabila permukaan logam tersebut bersentuhan dengan permukaan <em>TLC</em>, maka kalor akan berpindah dari permukaan logam ke permukaan <em>TLC</em>, dan ditunjukkan dengan terjadinya perubahan warna pada permukaan <em>TLC</em>. Citra asli yang diperoleh dalam bentuk <em>RGB</em> dikonversi menjadi <em>HSV</em> (<em>hue, saturation, value</em>), lalu diambil komponen <em>hue</em> saja, dan kemudian citra <em>hue </em>diproses menggunakan Matlab2014a untuk mendapatkan citra yang lebih baik. Hasil menunjukkan, seiring dengan meningkatnya temperatur permukaan logam, nilai <em>mean hue</em> semakin meningkat. Selain itu, nilai <em>hue</em> sepanjang garis tengah lingkaran pada permukaan <em>TLC</em>, cukup merata di bagian tengahnya (lingkaran dalam) namun semakin berkurang di tepinya (tepi kanan dan kiri), yang menunjukkan semakin jauh dari tepi permukaan logam maka energi kalornya semakin berkurang, karena terjadi perpindahan kalor pada tepi permukaan logam ke udara di sekitarnya.</p><p> </p><p class="AbstractText">Kata kunci: <em>Thermochromic Liquid Crystal </em>(<em>TLC</em>)<em>, hue</em>, perpindahan kalor.</p></div>
A comparison of isokinetic knee strength and power output ratios between female basketball and volleyball players
Authors: Kabaciński Jarosław , Murawa Michał , Fryzowicz Anna , Dworak Lechosław Bogdan 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTests such as the counter movement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) allow for determining the ratio of maximal power output generated during SJ to CMJ (S/C). The isokinetic peak torque ratio of the hamstrings contracting eccentrically to the quadriceps contracting concentrically (H/Q) is defined as functional H/Q. The purpose of this study was to compare the S/C and functional H/Q between female basketball and volleyball players.MethodsThe total of 14 female basketball players (age, 19.8 ± 1.4 years) and 12 female volleyball players (age, 22.3 ± 4.2 years) participated in the study. A piezoelectric force platform was used for the CMJ and SJ. Moreover, isokinetic tests of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscle torque during eccentric and concentric contraction were performed.ResultsThe results of the S/C and functional H/Q at 90 deg • s<sup>–1</sup>/60 deg • s<sup>–1</sup> velocities were higher in basketball players (87.3 ± 9.1% and 91.4 ± 9.3%, respectively) than in volleyball players (83.1 ± 9.8% and 83.6 ± 16.5%, respectively). No significant differences in S/C or functional H/Q values between the two groups were found (<i>p</i> > 0.05).ConclusionsDecreasing the S/C may result from an improvement in the power output during CMJ and a better utilization of the stretch-shortening cycle effect. Balancing the functional H/Q through increasing the eccentric hamstrings strength can provide dynamic knee joint stabilization.
Take-off efficiency: transformation of mechanical work into kinetic energy during the Bosco test
Authors: Jandova Sona , Musilek Michal , Martin Andrew J. , Cochrane Darryl , Rozkovec Jiri 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe aim of the study is to present a new method for determining the efficiency of take-off during a 60-s Bosco repeated vertical jump test.MethodsThe study involved 15 physical education students (age: 21.5 ± 2.4 years; height: 1.81 ± 0.08 m; mass: 76 ± 9 kg). The data were collected with the use of a pedobarographical system (Pedar-x; Novel, Munich, Germany). The statistical analysis utilized a simple linear regression model.ResultsOwing to possible fatigue, flight time and flight height decreased. The average flight height was 0.260 ± 0.063 m, and the average contact time equalled 0.54 ± 0.16 s. The average anaerobic power values calculated for the 60-s work period had the mean value of 21.9 ± 6.7 W • kgBW<sup>–1</sup>; there was a statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decrease in anaerobic power during the 60-s Bosco test.ConclusionsThe efficiency of mechanical work was highest at the beginning of the test, reaching values of up to 50%. The efficiency of mechanical work conversion into mechanical energy seems to be an appropriate determinant of rising fatigue during the 60-s Bosco jumping test.
Is Competitive Elite Sport Really Morally Corrupt?
Authors: Ingthorsson Rögnvaldur D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
It has been argued that competitive elite sport both a) reduces the humanity of athletes by turning them into beings whose sole value is determined in relation to others, and b) is motivated by a celebration of the genetically superior and humiliation of the weak. This paper argues that while a) is a morally reproachable attitude to competition, it is not what competitive elite sport revolves around, and that b) simply is not the essence of competitive elite sport. Competitive elite sport is an exploration of the physical and mental demands of sport. Finally, the paper explores a number of consequences of the different views of sport with respect to the problem of intersexual women.
Evaluation Results of Finnish Apple Rootstocks in Latvia
Authors: Ikase Laila , Rubauskis Edgars , Rezgale Zanda 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A trial was established in 2011 with five rootstocks - MTT1, MTT4 and control B.9 (1.5 × 4 m, five replications with two trees), MTT5 and control MM.106 (2.5 × 5 m, six replications with two trees), and two cultivars - ‘Auksis’ and ‘Gita’. The evaluated parameters were: tree general condition, flowering, and yielding intensity (points), number of root suckers, average yield (kg·tree-1), yield per trunk cross section area (g·cm-2), average fruit mass (g), and amount of non-standard fruits (%). A randomised fruit sample from each cultivar-rootstock combination was put into storage, and a panel taste was performed once each season. A snowless winter occurred in 2013/2014, when soil froze to 1.5 m depth, which was critical for MM.106. Other rootstocks did not show injury. The best results were obtained for MTT4, which was similar to that of M.26 in Finland. Its vigour was similar to MM.106, and start of bearing to B.9. Rootstock MTT5 was initially grouped with medium vigour MM.106, as having 60-80 % of vigour of ‘Antonovka’ seedlings in Finland. Yet in our trial, it had vigour and start of bearing was similar to that of B.9 or slightly larger, depending on cultivar; it has a tendency to form root suckers. MTT1, ranged with B.9 in Finland, had too weak vigour. The most promising cultivar-rootstock combination was ‘Gita’ on MTT4.
Establishment of Nuclear Stock Collections for Apple and Pear in Latvia
Authors: Zuļģe Neda , Kāle Anna , Gospodaryk Alina , Vēvere Kristīne , Moročko-Bičevska Inga 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Apples and pears are among the most important commercial fruit species grown in Latvia. Because of suitability to local climatic conditions, mainly domestic cultivars and cultivars originating in neighbouring countries are grown. The planting material of pome fruits produced and used for establishment of new orchards in Latvia corresponds to the Conformitas Agraria Communitatis standard due to the unavailability of nuclear stock. To establish virus-tested, experimental nuclear stock for apple and pear, one to two years old candidate plants were exposed to thermotherapy at +38 °C for 40 to 70 days. The mother trees and candidate plants before treatment were tested for the presence of the four most widespread pome fruit viruses by RT-PCR. The shoot tips of the heat-treated plants were grafted onto seedling rootstocks and were re-tested for the four viruses by RT-PCR during the next three to five vegetation seasons. Several plants of apple cultivars ‘Dace’, ‘Zarja Alatau’, ‘Rubin’, and ‘Ausma’ remained infected either with Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, Apple stem growing virus or Apple stem pitting virus after the thermotherapy. Tests on woody indicators were carried out to determine possible presence of graft-transmittable organisms according to EPPO guidelines for the establishment of nuclear stock material for pome fruits.
Qualitative Properties of the Fruits of Blackcurrant Ribes Nigrum L. Genotypes in Conventional and Organic Cultivation
Authors: Kikas Ave , Kahu Kersti , Arus Liina , Kaldmäe Hedi , Rätsep Reelika , Libek Asta-Virve 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the effect of genotype and growing conditions on blackcurrant fruit weight and biochemical composition. The trial was carried out during the years 2011 and 2012 in South Estonia with two cultivation methods (conventional and organic) and eight genotypes of different genetic background, including two Scottish, ‘Ben Alder’ and ‘Ben Lomond’; two Swedish ‘Intercontinental’ and ‘Titania’; a Belarusian ‘Pamyati Vavilova’, and three recently selected genotypes from the Estonian blackcurrant breeding programme, ‘Karri’, ‘Asker’, and ‘Mairi’. From each genotype and in both cultivation sites 500 g of fruit at full maturity was collected in three replications. Fruit weight, soluble solids (SS), sugars, organic acids, sugar/acid ratio, and ascorbic acid (AsA) concentrations were determined. Fruits from the organic cultivation site were smaller and contained more SS and sugars, they also had a higher sugar/acid ratio than conventionally grown berries. Organic acids and AsA concentrations were higher in berries from conventional cultivation systems compared to the organic ones. ’Karri’ had the highest SS and sugar concentrations and sugar/acid ratio and the lowest concentration of acids on average over the years and cultivation methods. The highest AsA concentration was determined in ‘Asker’ and ‘Ben Lomond’.
Identification of the forces developed by upper limbs in various forms of human physical activity and in manual techniques used by physiotherapists – a brief review
Authors: Trzaskoma Zbigniew , Molik Bartosz , Morgulec-Adamowicz Natalia , Truszczyńska-Baszak Aleksandra , Ogonowska-Słodownik Anna , Marszałek Jolanta , Stępień Agnieszka , Krawczyk Maciej , Wójcik Agnieszka 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to review the literature dealing with the force-time characteristics of different forms of physical activity performed with upper limbs by the elderly and the disabled (Nordic Walking and using a wheelchair, respectively) and of manual techniques used by physiotherapists. Values of work and power were analysed as well. Based on the analysis of the literature concerning the substantive areas included in this article, we believe that objective measurements will expand the present knowledge about values of force developed by upper limbs during different forms of human activity. It seems to be of particular significance in the application of manual therapy techniques, because currently values of force exerted upon the patient while applying these techniques are selected by a physiotherapist intuitively and are neither objective nor systematically controlled. The identification of the values of force developed with upper limbs by the elderly, the disabled and physiotherapists during the aforementioned forms of activity will make an original contribution to the broadly defined physical culture, especially rehabilitation and health promotion.
The First World War in Women’s Autobiographical Writing. What, in What Way, and Why Was Omitted?
Authors: Pekaniec Anna 
Published: August 2017

Summary
This article deals with omissions, lacunae and understatements in women’s personal diaries featuring the First World War, in particular the Diaries of Zofia Nałkowska, the Diaries of Maria Kasprowiczowa and Memoirs of Podolia by Helena Kutyłowska. Their content provides ample clues for identifying the characteristic features of women’s wartime autobiographical writing shaped by both the historic context and the personality of the female author. In their autobiographical accounts the war is an eye-opener, making people see things in a more nuanced way, and as an menacing force intruding upon their private worlds. Each narrative works under its burden, and yet none of them is overwhelmed by it. If only for that reason women’s wartime diaries and memoirs remain an interesting historical and personal record, capable of yielding new insights both to historians and historians of literature.