bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ensemble forecast of semi‐arid rainfall using large‐scale climate predictors
Authors: Choubin B. , Malekian A. , Samadi S. , Khalighi‐Sigaroodi S. , Sajedi‐Hosseini F. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTA case study examining ensemble forecasts of semi‐arid seasonal precipitation is presented. The focus is on computing an appropriate correlation between large‐scale climate predictors and seasonal precipitation over a long‐term forecast period (1967–2009) for a semi‐arid catchment in Iran. Potential predictors of the dominant precipitation modes were identified from several large‐scale climate features using principal component analysis. Linear regression together with two nonlinear models, the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and the multi‐layer perceptron, was applied to forecast seasonal ensemble precipitation time series. The analysis suggests that seasonal precipitation is statistically aligned with the predictor's variability. An ensemble forecast of spring precipitation modes showed a stronger correlation with the preceding season (winter predictors) in the ANFIS algorithm. The potential effect of climate predictors during the spring may lead to severe and longer hydrological extremes especially when they are out of phase or coincident. These results highlight that skilful prediction of semi‐arid spring precipitation may be possible using winter predictors and a nonlinear ensemble forecast model.
InAlAs photovoltaic cell design for high device efficiency
Authors: Smith Brittany L. , Bittner Zachary S. , Hellstroem Staffan D. , Nelson George T. , Slocum Michael A. , Norman Andrew G. , Forbes David V. , Hubbard Seth M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study presents a new design for a single‐junction InAlAs solar cell, which reduces parasitic absorption losses from the low band‐gap contact layer while maintaining a functional window layer by integrating a selective etch stop. The etch stop is then removed prior to depositing an anti‐reflective coating. The final cell had a 17.9% efficiency under 1‐sun AM1.5 with an anti‐reflective coating. Minority carrier diffusion lengths were extracted from external quantum efficiency data using physics‐based device simulation software yielding 170 nm in the n‐type emitter and 4.6 μm in the p‐type base, which is more than four times the diffusion length previously reported for a p‐type InAlAs base. This report represents significant progress towards a high‐performance InAlAs top cell for a triple‐junction design lattice‐matched to InP. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationships between dispositional mindfulness, self‐acceptance, perceived stress, and psychological symptoms in advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhou Yuyang , Fu Zhongfang , Rodriguez Marcus 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have shown that dispositional mindfulness is associated with less psychological symptoms in cancer patients. The present study investigated how dispositional mindfulness is related to psychological symptoms in advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients by considering the roles of self‐acceptance and perceived stress.MethodsA total of 176 patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer were recruited to complete a series of questionnaires including Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, Self‐acceptance Questionnaire, Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, and General Health Questionnaire.ResultsResults showed that the proposed model fitted the data very well (χ2 = 7.564, df = 7, P = .364, χ2/df = 1.094, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.986, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.998, Tucker Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.995, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.023). Further analyses revealed that, self‐acceptance and perceived stress mediated the relation between dispositional mindfulness and psychological symptoms (indirect effect = −0.052, 95% confidence interval = −0.087 ~ −0.024), while self‐acceptance also mediated the relation between dispositional mindfulness and perceived stress (indirect effect = −0.154, 95% confidence interval = −0.261 ~ −0.079).ConclusionsSelf‐acceptance and perceived stress played critical roles in the relation between dispositional mindfulness and psychological symptoms. Limitations, clinical implications, and directions for future research were discussed.
Kinetic and structural changes in HsmtPheRS, induced by pathogenic mutations in human FARS2
Authors: Kartvelishvili Ekaterine , Tworowski Dmitry , Vernon Hilary , Moor Nina , Wang Jing , Wong Lee‐Jun , Chrzanowska‐Lightowlers Zofia , Safro Mark 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMutations in the mitochondrial aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (mtaaRSs) can cause profound clinical presentations, and have manifested as diseases with very selective tissue specificity. To date most of the mtaaRS mutations could be phenotypically recognized, such that clinicians could identify the affected mtaaRS from the symptoms alone. Among the recently reported pathogenic variants are point mutations in FARS2 gene, encoding the human mitochondrial PheRS. Patient symptoms range from spastic paraplegia to fatal infantile Alpers encephalopathy. How clinical manifestations of these mutations relate to the changes in three‐dimensional structures and kinetic characteristics remains unclear, although impaired aminoacylation has been proposed as possible etiology of diseases. Here, we report four crystal structures of HsmtPheRS mutants, and extensive MD simulations for wild‐type and nine mutants to reveal the structural changes on dynamic trajectories of HsmtPheRS. Using steady‐state kinetic measurements of phenylalanine activation and tRNAPhe aminoacylation, we gained insight into the structural and kinetic effects of mitochondrial disease‐related mutations in FARS2 gene.
Contribution of the cold sector of extratropical cyclones to mean state features over the Gulf Stream in winter
Authors: Vannière Benoît , Czaja Arnaud , Dacre Helen F. 
Published: April 2017

Recent studies have shown that midlatitude air–sea interactions are strongly modulated by synoptic variability. The present study investigates how air–sea interactions over the Gulf Stream sea surface temperature (SST) front vary in different synoptic regimes. We focus more particularly on the variation of three atmospheric mean state features which are colocated with the SST front in winter: enhanced ascent and precipitation on the warm side of the SST front, and enhanced low‐level baroclinicity at the entrance of the storm track. These three fields are partitioned depending on whether they occur in the cold sector of extratropical cyclones or in any other synoptic features. The analysis is based on ERA‐Interim winter data covering the period 1979–2012. Results are twofold:(i) Cold sector precipitation is confined within a 5° latitude band south of the SST front and reaches 2 mm day−1, whereas precipitation occurring outside the cold sector forms a broader spatial pattern. The same partitioning applied to vertical wind shows that the ascent on the warm side of the Gulf Stream is not a feature of the cold sector. These results mean that a significant part of the anchoring effect of the SST front on precipitation occurs via the cold sector and that the observed colocation of ascent and precipitation is not causal, in contrast to what was suggested by previous studies, but is rather the result of two different mechanisms.(ii) The surface heat fluxes and convection occurring in the cold sector restore low‐level atmospheric temperature gradients within two days after a time maximum of meridional eddy heat flux, such that low‐level baroclinicity remains largely unchanged after the passage of an extratropical cyclone.This ‘cold path mechanism’ opens new avenues to understand how SST forces climate variability in the midlatitudes.
Comparison of Epidemiology of the Injuries and Outcomes in Two First‐Level Trauma Centers in Colombia Using the Pan‐American Trauma Registry System
Authors: Ramachandran Anu , Ranjit Anju , Zogg Cheryl K. , Herrera‐Escobar Juan P. , Appelson Jessica R. , Pino Luis F. , Aboutanous Michel B. , Haider Adil H. , Ordonez Carlos A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare the epidemiology of traumatic injuries and mortality outcomes between two tertiary‐care trauma centers in Colombia using data from Pan‐American Trauma Registry (PATR).MethodsJanuary 1–December 31, 2012, data from the Hospital Universitario del Valle (HUV, public) and Fundacion Valle del Lili (FVL, private) in Cali, Colombia, were considered. Differences in demographic and clinical information were compared using descriptive statistics. Propensity score matching was used to match patients on age, gender, and ISS. Within matched cohorts, multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess for differences in in‐hospital mortality, further adjusting for insurance type, employment, heart rate, presence of hypotension (SBP < 90), and GCS score.ResultsHUV (8539; 78% male) and FVL (10,456; 60% male) had a combined total of 18,995 trauma cases in 2012 with comparable mean ages of 29.7 years. There were significant differences in insurance status, injury severity, and mechanism of injury between patients at HUV and FLV. On risk‐adjusted logistic regression analyses with propensity score matched cohorts, the odds of death in HUV was higher compared to patients presenting at FVL hospital (OR [95% CI]:4.93 [3.37–7.21], p < 0.001).ConclusionThe study established the utility of the PATR and revealed important trends in patient demographics, injury epidemiology, and mortality outcomes, which can be used to target trauma initiatives throughout the region. It underscores the profound importance that differences in case mix play in the risk of trauma‐related mortality, further emphasizing the need to monitor and evaluate unique aspects of trauma in LMIC.Level of evidenceIII.
Bis-anthracycline WP760 abrogates melanoma cell growth by transcription inhibition, p53 activation and IGF1R downregulation
Authors: Olbryt Magdalena , Rusin Aleksandra , Fokt Izabela , Habryka Anna , Tudrej Patrycja , Student Sebastian , Sochanik Aleksander , Zieliński Rafał , Priebe Waldemar 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAnthracycline chemotherapeutics, e.g. doxorubicin and daunorubicin, are active against a broad spectrum of cancers. Their cytotoxicity is mainly attributed to DNA intercalation, interference with topoisomerase activity, and induction of double-stranded DNA breaks. Since modification of anthracyclines can profoundly affect their pharmacological properties we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of action, and identify possible molecular targets, of bis-anthracycline WP760 which previously demonstrated anti-melanoma activity at low nanomolar concentrations. We studied the effect of WP760 on several human melanoma cell lines derived from tumors in various development stages and having different genetic backgrounds. WP760 inhibited cell proliferation (IC50 = 1–99 nM), impaired clonogenic cell survival (100 nM), and inhibited spheroid growth (≥300 nM). WP760 did not induce double-stranded DNA breaks but strongly inhibited global transcription. Moreover, WP760 caused nucleolar stress and led to activation of the p53 pathway. PCR array analysis showed that WP760 suppressed transcription of ten genes (ABCC1, MTOR, IGF1R, EGFR, GRB2, PRKCA, PRKCE, HDAC4, TXNRD1, AKT1) associated with, inter alia, cytoprotective mechanisms initiated in cancer cells during chemotherapy. Furthermore, WP760 downregulated IGF1R and upregulated PLK2 expression in most of the tested melanoma cell lines. These results suggest that WP760 exerts anti-melanoma activity by targeting global transcription and activation of the p53 pathway and could become suitable as an effective therapeutic agent.
Metabolic risk factors in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: The effect of comedication with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and antipsychotics
Authors: Fjukstad K.K. , Engum A. , Lydersen S. , Dieset I. , Eiel Steen N. , Andreassen O.A. , Spigset O. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this observational study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic factors and use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) combined with olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone.MethodsData from the Norwegian Thematically Organized Psychosis study, a cross-sectional study on 1301 patients with schizophrenia (n=868) or bipolar disorder (n=433), were analyzed. As exposure variables in the linear regression model were included the dose or serum concentration of SSRIs (n=280) and of olanzapine (n=398), quetiapine (n=234) or risperidone (n=128). The main outcome variables were levels of total cholesterol, low and high density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose.ResultsOne defined daily dose (DDD) per day of an SSRI in addition to olanzapine was associated with an increase in total cholesterol of 0.16 (CI 0.01 to 0.32) mmol/L (P=0.042) and an increase in LDL-cholesterol of 0.17 (CI 0.02 to 0.31) mmol/L (P=0.022). An SSRI serum concentration in the middle of the reference interval in addition to quetiapine was associated with an increase in total cholesterol of 0.39 (CI 0.10 to 0.68) mmol/L (P=0.011) and an increase in LDL-cholesterol of 0.29 (0.02 to 0.56) mmol/L (P=0.037). There were no such effects when combined with risperidone.ConclusionsThe findings indicate only minor deteriorations of metabolic variables associated with treatment with an SSRI in addition to olanzapine and quetiapine, and none when combined with risperidone. These results suggest that SSRIs can be used in combination with antipsychotics, and that the possible increase in cardiovascular risk is negligible.
Effect of physical exercise on markers of neuronal dysfunction in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jensen Camilla Steen , Portelius Erik , Høgh Peter , Wermuth Lene , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Hasselbalch Steen Gregers , Simonsen Anja Hviid 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionPhysical exercise has gained increasing focus as a potential mean to maintain cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alongside the markers of specific AD pathology (amyloid β and tau), other pathologies such as neuronal damage and synaptic loss have been proposed as markers of the disease. Here, we study the effect of physical exercise on biomarkers of neuronal and synaptic integrity.MethodsCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 51 AD subjects who participated in the randomized controlled trial Preserving Cognition, Quality of Life, Physical Health and Functional Ability in Alzheimer's Disease: The Effect of Physical Exercise (ADEX) was analyzed for the concentration of neurofilament light (NFL), neurogranin (Ng), visinin‐like protein‐1 (VILIP‐1), and chitinase‐3–like protein 1 (YKL‐40). Participants were subjected to either 16 weeks of moderate‐ to high‐intensity exercise (n = 25) or treatment as usual (control group, n = 26), and CSF was collected before and after intervention.ResultsNo significant differences in CSF concentrations of VILIP‐1, YKL‐40, NFL, and Ng were observed when comparing mean change from baseline between the exercise and control groups. Similarly, when classifying subjects based on their exercise levels, no significant changes were observed for the biomarkers in the control group compared with the high‐exercise group (attending 80% of the exercise sessions with an intensity of 70% of maximum heart rate or above).DiscussionThese results are not supportive of a modulatory effect of physical exercise on the selected biomarkers of neuronal and synaptic integrity in patients with AD.
High-latitude settings promote extreme longevity in fossil marine bivalves
Authors: Moss David K. , Ivany Linda C. , Silver Robert B. , Schue John , Artruc Emily G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOne of the longest-lived, noncolonial animals on the planet today is a bivalve that attains life spans in excess of 500 years and lives in a cold, seasonally food-limited setting. Separating the influence of temperature and food availability on life span in modern settings is difficult, as these two conditions covary. The life spans of fossil animals can provide insights into the role of environment in the evolution of extreme longevity that are not available from studies of modern taxa. We examine bivalves from the unique, nonanalogue, warm and high-latitude setting of Seymour Island, Antarctica, during the greenhouse intervals of the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene. Despite significant sampling limitations, we find that all 11 species examined are both slow growing and long-lived, especially when compared with modern bivalves living in similar temperature settings. While cool temperatures have long been thought to be a key factor in promoting longevity, our findings suggest an important role for caloric restriction brought about by the low and seasonal light regime of the high latitudes. Our life-history data, spanning three different families, emphasize that longevity is in part governed by environmental rather than solely phylogenetic or ecologic factors. Such findings have implications for both modern and ancient latitudinal diversity gradients, as a common correlate of slow growth and long life is delayed reproduction, which limits the potential for evolutionary change. While life spans of modern bivalves are well studied, data on life spans of fossil bivalves are sparse and largely anecdotal. Life histories of organisms from deep time can not only elucidate the controls on life span but also add a new dimension to our understanding of macroevolutionary patterns.
Effects of depression, metabolic syndrome, and cardiorespiratory fitness on mortality: results from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study
Authors: Rethorst C. D. , Leonard D. , Barlow C. E. , Willis B. L. , Trivedi M. H. , DeFina L. F. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundDepression and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are frequently comorbid disorders that are independently associated with premature mortality. Conversely, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with reduced mortality risk. These factors may interact to impact mortality; however, their effects have not been assessed concurrently. This analysis assessed the mortality risk of comorbid depression/MetS and the effect of CRF on mortality in those with depression/MetS.MethodsProspective study of 47 702 adults in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Mortality status was attained from the National Death Index. History of depression was determined by patient response (yes or no) to a standardized medical history questionnaire. MetS was categorized using the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria. CRF was estimated from the final speed/grade of a treadmill graded exercise test.Results13.9% reported a history of depression, 21.4% met criteria for MetS, and 3.0% met criteria for both MetS and history of depression. History of depression (HR = 1.24, p = 0.003) and MetS (HR = 1.28, p < 0.001) were independently associated with an increased mortality risk, with the greatest mortality risk among individuals with both a history of depression and MetS (HR = 1.59, p < 0.001). Higher CRF was associated with a significantly lower risk of mortality (p < 0.001) in all individuals, including those with MetS and/or a history of depression.ConclusionsThose with higher levels CRF had reduced mortality risk in the context of depression/MetS. Interventions that improve CRF could have substantial impact on the health of persons with depression/MetS.
God, evil, and occasionalism
Authors: SHEA MATTHEW , RAGLAND C. P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn a recent paper, Alvin Plantinga defends occasionalism against an important moral objection: if God is the sole direct cause of all the suffering that results from immoral human choices, this causal role is difficult to reconcile with God's perfect goodness. Plantinga argues that this problem is no worse for occasionalism than for any of the competing views of divine causality; in particular, there is no morally relevant difference between God directly causing suffering and God indirectly causing it. First, we examine Plantinga's moral parity argument in detail and offer a critical evaluation of it. Then we provide a positive argument, based on the doctrine of doing and allowing, to show why there is a morally relevant difference between God's direct and indirect causation of suffering.
Influence of Au M-band flux asymmetry on implosion symmetry
Authors: Jiang S. , Li L. , Jing L. , Kuang L. , Li H. , Zhang L. , Lin Z. , Ding Y. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion, the radiation symmetry must be controlled for the achievement of hotspot ignition. The radiation symmetry is of great importance. In this paper, we investigate the drive asymmetry of the M-band (2–5 keV) radiation emitted from an Au holhraum wall by using the three-dimensional view-factor code IRAD3D. Analysis of the M-band flux drive at the Shenguang-III laser facility shows that it is asymmetric and that the asymmetry varies with time. For a given cross section over the pole, the initial M-band flux asymmetries are P2 = 11.59, P4 = 1.41, and P6 = −0.64%. When the asymmetries are artificially added to a symmetric radiation drive, the position of the deuterium-tritium (DT) ice/gas interface is asymmetric for a National Ignition Facility capsule in 1D simulation. This means that M-band flux asymmetry can lead to implosion asymmetry even if the total radiation is symmetric. Pure CH and Si-doped CH capsules are considered. The results show that a mid-Z dopant can partly reduce the asymmetry. However, the asymmetry is still very large. Thus, it is necessary to study the M-band flux asymmetry and its influence on the implosion symmetry.
The four-genus of connected sums of torus knots
Authors: LIVINGSTON CHARLES , VAN COTT CORNELIA A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe study the four-genus of linear combinations of torus knots:g4(aT(p, q) #-bT(p′, q′)). Fixing positivep, q, p′, andq′, our focus is on the behavior of the four-genus as a function of positiveaandb. Three types of examples are presented: in the first, for allaandbthe four-genus is completely determined by the Tristram–Levine signature function; for the second, the recently defined Upsilon function of Ozsváth–Stipsicz–Szabó determines the four-genus for allaandb; for the third, a surprising interplay between signatures and Upsilon appears.