bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Influenza Vaccination of Chronically Ill US Adults
Authors: Bleser William K. , Miranda Patricia Y. , Jean-Jacques Muriel 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Despite well-established programs, influenza vaccination rates in US adults are well below federal benchmarks and exhibit well-documented, persistent racial and ethnic disparities. The causes of these disparities are multifactorial and complex, though perceived racial/ethnic discrimination in health care is 1 hypothesized mechanism.

Objectives:
To assess the role of perceived discrimination in health care in mediating influenza vaccination RACIAL/ETHNIC disparities in chronically ill US adults (at high risk for influenza-related complications).

Research Design:
We utilized 2011–2012 data from the Aligning Forces for Quality Consumer Survey on health and health care (n=8127), nationally representative of chronically ill US adults. Logistic regression marginal effects examined the relationship between race/ethnicity and influenza vaccination, both unadjusted and in multivariate models adjusted for determinants of health service use. We then used binary mediation analysis to calculate and test the significance of the percentage of this relationship mediated by perceived discrimination in health care.

Results:
Respondents reporting perceived discrimination in health care had half the uptake as those without discrimination (32% vs. 60%, P=0.009). The change in predicted probability of vaccination given perceived discrimination experiences (vs. none) was large but not significant in the fully adjusted model (−0.185; 95% CI, −0.385, 0.014). Perceived discrimination significantly mediated 16% of the unadjusted association between race/ethnicity and influenza vaccination, though this dropped to 6% and lost statistical significance in multivariate models.

Conclusions:
The causes of persistent racial/ethnic disparities are complex and a single explanation is unlikely to be sufficient. We suggest reevaluation in a larger cohort as well as potential directions for future research.
The curious origins of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Cortés José R. , Palomero Teresa 
Published: May 2016

Purpose of review
Once an obscure disease, recent studies have transformed our understanding of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). In this review, we summarize new major advances in the genetics and biology of AITL.

Recent findings
Genome wide sequencing studies have dissected the repertoire of the genetic alterations driving AITL uncovering a highly recurrent Gly17Val somatic mutation in the small GTPase RHOA and major role for mutations in epigenetic regulators, such as TET2, DNMT3A and IDH2, and signaling factors (e.g., FYN and CD28). These findings support a multistep model of follicular T helper cell transformation in AITL and pinpoint novel candidates for the development of targeted therapies in this disease.

Summary
AITL originates from follicular T helper cells and is characterized by the presence of RHOA G17V mutation together with genetic alterations in TET2, DNMT3A, and IDH2. Research efforts now focus on the elucidation of the specific roles and interplay of these genetic alterations in the pathogenesis of AITL.
An Investigation Into the Relationship Between Long-term Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Coping in Australian Volunteer Firefighters
Authors: Doley Rebekah M. , Bell Ryan , Watt Bruce D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This study examined the relationship between coping style and long-term posttraumatic stress symptoms in an Australian sample of volunteer firefighters 84 months following a bushfire disaster. A total of 277 firefighters completed 4 questionnaires to assess patterns of psychiatric morbidity. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to investigate the effect of time and disorder on coping. Firefighters evidencing distress were more likely to use both problem- and emotion-focused methods of coping. Based on previous research, it was hypothesized that problem-focused coping strategies would be used after 84 months. The use of both problem- and emotion-focused coping may be due to the length of time following this disaster or unique characteristics of firefighters. These data suggest that present coping theories are not sufficient to account for the onset and pattern of psychiatric morbidity within a firefighter sample. The authors declare no conflicts of interest including financial, consultant, institutional, and other relationships that might lead to bias.
Changes in Pediatric-Sized Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure With Elevation Gain
Authors: Long Michael T. , Cvijanovich Natalie Z. , McCalla Gary P. , Flori Heidi R. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives
Prolonged excessive endotracheal cuff pressure greater than 30 cmH2O is thought to cause ischemic airway injury. Excessive cuff pressure with altitude gain during air medical transport has been previously described in adult patients. It is poorly understood how pediatric-sized endotracheal tube (ETT) cuffs behave with atmospheric pressure change during flight.

Methods
In ex vivo models 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0, ETTs restricted within scaled syringe tubing were inflated to 20 cmH2O. Pressure was measured against 1500 ft elevation gain in ground and flight models. In an in vivo observation of pediatric patient transport, change in cuff pressure was measured between takeoff and helicopter peak flight altitudes.

Results
In the ex vivo ground model, endotracheal cuff pressure increased linearly with altitude and exceeded 40 cmH2O in all tube sizes. Comparable pressure change was demonstrated in the flight model. No difference was demonstrated in the degree of pressure change between ETT sizes. In the in vivo observations during patient transport, pressure increase was consistent with that seen in the ex vivo models.

Conclusions
Children who are intubated with cuffed ETTs for air medical transport are subject to excessive endotracheal cuff pressure at even low flight altitudes. Endotracheal tube size did not affect the degree of cuff pressure change, contrary to previous study. These findings need to be validated and correlated to patient clinical outcomes. The implications of these data need to be considered clinically particularly for prolonged transport of intubated pediatric patients at elevation.
Suprafascial Anterolateral Thigh Flap Harvest: A Better Way to Minimize Donor-Site Morbidity in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Chen Yen-Chou , Scaglioni Mario F. , Carrillo Jimenez Leonardo Enrique , Yang Johnson Chia-Shen , Huang Eng-Yen , Lin Tsan-Shiun 
Published: May 2016

Background:
The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and donor-site morbidity between the suprafascial and subfascial harvesting of anterolateral thigh flaps.

Methods:
Sixty-one patients who underwent free flap reconstruction (30 suprafascial and 31 subfascial anterolateral thigh flaps) were included in this study. The patients assessed the subjective donor-site morbidity and satisfaction with the overall functional result using a self-reported questionnaire. The flap characteristics (i.e., perforator number, flap size, and harvest time) and outcomes (i.e., success rate, partial necrosis, infection, hematoma, and fistula) were compared.

Results:
The success rates of suprafascial and subfascial anterolateral thigh flaps were 96.7 and 96.8 percent, respectively. There were no significant differences in flap size, harvest time, or overall complication rates. The suprafascial anterolateral thigh flap group experienced fewer abnormal sensations (p < 0.001) and better subjective satisfaction at the donor site than did the subfascial anterolateral thigh flap group (p = 0.03).

Conclusions:
In terms of reducing donor-site morbidity, the suprafascial anterolateral thigh flap group showed fewer sensory disturbances in donor thighs and exhibited better patient satisfaction than did the subfascial anterolateral thigh flap group, but meticulous dissection of tiny perforators above the fascia is required for the former procedure.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Assessment of Orthotopic Liver Transplant Graft Survival on Gadoxetic Acid–Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Qualitative and Quantitative Parameters
Authors: Bastati Nina , Wibmer Andreas , Tamandl Dietmar , Einspieler Henrik , Hodge Jacqueline C. , Poetter-Lang Sarah , Rockenschaub Susanne , Berlakovich Gabriela A. , Trauner Michael , Herold Christian , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed 
Published: May 2016

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic potential of a 3-parameter visual scoring (qualitative score [QS]) system for hepatobiliary phase gadoxetic acid–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in orthotopic liver transplant grafts.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective study of 128 patients was approved by our institutional review board. Two readers independently assigned 3 QSs to T1-weighted MRI scans, 20 minutes after the administration of gadoxetic acid (hepatobiliary phase), based upon the following: (1) liver parenchymal enhancement (EnQS, 0–2); (2) biliary contrast excretion (ExQS, 0–2); and (3) signal intensity of the portal vein relative to the liver parenchyma, that is, the portal vein sign (PVsQS, 0–2). The functional liver imaging score (FLIS) was calculated as the sum score of these 3 parameters. The relative liver enhancement (RLE) was measured as well. Demographic, clinical, laboratory parameters, and imaging findings were included in univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. The primary end point was graft failure, that is, retransplantation or death from liver failure. The probability of graft survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results
In the univariate analysis, EnQS, ExQS, PVsQS, and FLIS scores, as well as RLE, were significantly associated with the 1- to 3-year probability of graft survival (P < 0.001). For a FLIS of (0), the 3-year probability of graft survival was 6.5%, whereas it was 51.3% for a FLIS of (1–3) and 100% for a FLIS of (4–6) (P < 0.001). In the multivariate survival models, EnQS, ExQS, and PVsQS, each independently outperformed the majority of clinical and laboratory parameters, and the FLIS did even better regarding the prediction of 1- to 3-year graft survival.

Conclusions
In liver transplant recipients, gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI-derived QSs (ie, EnQS, ExQS, and PVsQS), as well as the FLIS and RLE, can predict graft survival probability.
Talk About Sex: Sexual History–Taking Preferences Among Urogynecology Patients and General Gynecology Controls
Authors: Fairchild Pamela Susan , Haefner Jessica Katherine , Berger Mitchell Brian 
Published: May 2016

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate patients' experiences and preferences regarding sexual history taking. We also sought to compare preferences between women in general gynecology versus urogynecology clinics and between women of different ages.

Methods
This is a survey of 219 patients presenting in gynecology and 164 in urogynecology clinics. Surveys were voluntary and anonymous. Survey instruments included questions about sexual function, past experiences, and preferences regarding taking a clinical sexual history.

Results
Subjects agreed that sexual health is important for overall health and should be asked about regularly. Most respondents were not embarrassed to discuss sexual history. When asked about experience with providers, subjects reported that their primary care providers (PCPs) inquired infrequently about their sexual health. Respondents perceived that obstetrician-gynecologists asked about sexual health more frequently than PCPs. There were no significant differences between general gynecology and urogynecology patients' history-taking preferences. Younger women were more likely to feel that sexual health was an important aspect of overall well-being, whereas older women were more likely to agree that sexual problems are unavoidable with age. On logistic regression, there was an association between the ages of younger than 40 years and expressing agreement that providers should frequently ask patients about sexual health. Agreeing that sexual health is an important part of well-being was also associated with being in the 40 years or younger group.

Conclusions
Patients place importance on sexual health history as part of their overall health, and providers should more frequently query their patients about this topic. Both PCPs and obstetrician-gynecologists have room for improvement.
A novel independence test for somatic alterations in cancer shows that biology drives mutual exclusivity but chance explains co-occurrence
Authors: Canisius Sander , Martens John W.M. , Wessels Lodewyk F.A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractJust like recurrent somatic alterations characterize cancer genes, mutually exclusive or co-occurring alterations across genes suggest functional interactions. Identifying such patterns in large cancer studies thus helps the discovery of unknown interactions. Many studies use Fisher’s exact test or simple permutation procedures for this purpose. These tests assume identical gene alteration probabilities across tumors, which is not true for cancer. We show that violating this assumption yields many spurious co-occurrences and misses many mutual exclusivities. We present DISCOVER, a novel statistical test that addresses the limitations of existing tests. In a comparison with six published mutual exclusivity tests, DISCOVER is more sensitive while controlling its false positive rate. A pan-cancer analysis using DISCOVER finds no evidence for widespread co-occurrence. Most co-occurrences previously detected do not exceed expectation by chance. In contrast, many mutual exclusivities are identified. These cover well known genes involved in the cell cycle and growth factor signaling. Interestingly, also lesser known regulators of the cell cycle and Hedgehog signaling are identified.AvailabilityR and Python implementations of DISCOVER, as well as Jupyter notebooks for reproducing all results and figures from this paper can be found athttp://ccb.nki.nl/software/discover.
The Drosophila genesdisconnectedanddisco-relatedtogether specify development of adult legs
Authors: Rosario Juan B. , Mahaffey James W. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster, specification of the legs begins during embryogenesis when Wingless signaling induces small groups of cells to form the imaginal disc primordia in the thoracic segments. This signal initiates expression of transcription factors that will later be used to pattern the legs. The paralogous genesdisconnectedanddisco-relatedencode transcription factors that are expressed in the disc primordia during early embryogenesis, and their expression continues in the leg discs during larval and pupal stages. The importance of these two genes in establishing the leg development trajectory was indicated by our previous observation that ectopic expression of either gene in the wing discs cells caused legs to develop in place of wings. However, because of their redundancy and requirement for survival during embryogenesis, we were unable to define their role in development of the adult legs. Here, we report loss-of-function analyses of thediscogenes during development of the legs. We discovered that loss of both genes’ functions causes both truncation of the distal leg with apparent overgrowth of proximal regions and complete loss of legs and ventral thoracic body patterning. At the molecular level we noted reduction or loss of signaling and transcription factors that pattern the proximal-distal axis of the legs. We conclude from these studies that thediscogenes promote leg development through regulation of signaling processes, but also by stabilizing expression of the leg determination gene network.
Access and exclusivity in nineteenth-century Victorian schools
Authors: Hooper Carole 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– In the mid nineteenth-century Victorian government-aided schools were patronised by a broad spectrum of the community, many of whom sought a higher, or “middle-class”, education for their children. The various educational boards responsible for the administration of the public system, while not objecting to the provision of advanced tuition, were determined to ensure it was not offered on a socially selective basis. The purpose of this paper is to examine how accusations that some schools had engaged in socially selective practices led to the eventual removal of higher subjects from the curriculum.

Design/methodology/approach
– Documentary evidence, particularly the correspondence between the central educational boards and the local school committees, is examined to assess the validity of the claims and counter claims made by those involved.

Findings
– It appears that administrators used accusations of social exclusion to justify the removal of advanced subjects from the curriculum; with the result that it was not until state high schools were established early in the twentieth century that a higher education was again offered in the public sector.

Originality/value
– The paper looks at an area of educational provision that has attracted little attention from researchers.
Interactive and situated learning in education for sustainability
Authors: Altomonte Sergio , Logan Brian , Feisst Markus , Rutherford Peter , Wilson Robin 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This study aims to explore the opportunities offered by interactive and situated learning (e-learning and m-learning) in support of education for sustainability in disciplines of the built environment.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper illustrates the development of an online portal and a mobile app aimed at promoting students’ motivation and engagement with sustainability in design, and discusses the outcomes of their testing, investigating users’ acceptance, comparing academic results and analysing feedback.

Findings
The findings add empirical evidence to the view that information and communication technology-enhanced pedagogies can substantially contribute to the agenda of sustainability in higher education, primarily due to their affordance of interactive communication and contextualisation of knowledge, while guaranteeing flexible time and pace of learning.

Research limitations/implications
The study solely focused on the development and testing of e-learning and m-learning tools to foster students’ competence of sustainability in design studio work. The tools trialled were mostly at their prototypical stage and their testing included a relatively short-term evaluation and a narrow, self-selected, user base. However, the approach and findings are felt to be applicable to a much wider range of educational contexts.

Originality/value
Interactive and situated pedagogical methods and tools have the potential to prompt a departure from transmissive educational models, encompassing at once theoretical, experiential and analytic learning processes. This is of value to education for sustainability in disciplines of the built environment due to the requirement to holistically consolidate multi-/inter-/trans-disciplinary knowledge into a coherent design whole.
The comprehensiveness of competing higher education sustainability assessments
Authors: Bullock Graham , Wilder Nicholas 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the comprehensiveness of competing higher education sustainability assessments. Higher education institutions (HEIs) have been increasingly communicating their sustainability commitments to the public. To assist the public in evaluating these claims, a broad range of actors have assessed the sustainability of HEIs.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses an evaluation framework (the GRI-HE) consisting of criteria developed by the Global Reporting Initiative and the Association of University Leaders for a Sustainable Future to analyze the comprehensiveness of nine publicly-available frameworks that have been used to assess HEI sustainability.

Findings
While finding that in general these assessments are not comprehensive and particularly lack coverage of the social and economic dimensions of sustainability, the paper identifies the Pacific Sustainability Index and Sustainability Tracking and Assessment Rating System (STARS) as the most comprehensive assessments in the sector.

Research limitations/implications
This study does not assess the quality of the match to the GRI-HE’s criteria, only whether they match to a reasonable degree. The analysis highlights areas where each HEI sustainability assessment framework can add criteria and improve their comprehensiveness and validity. Future research should explore the causes and relative importance of the gaps in these frameworks.

Originality/value
The paper provides a valuable discussion and demonstration of the use of comprehensiveness as a proxy metric for the validity of sustainability assessments. This analysis is the first detailed, comprehensive and transparent analysis of HEI sustainability assessments based on a broad-based and widely accepted set of criteria.
Higher education institution sustainability assessment tools
Authors: Cronemberger de Araújo Góes Heloisa , Magrini Alessandra 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to gather elements to propose a sustainability assessment tool (SAT) to be used in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Brazil and the related program to be created for SAT dissemination and HEI monitoring, publication of results and benchmarking.

Design/methodology/approach
The characteristics of eight SATs were identified, seven of which are applied through widely known international programs to identify aspects to be considered in the definition of the Brazilian model.

Findings
In Brazil, stakeholders usually do not know how HEIs develop their potential to contribute with the construction of a sustainable development model. There currently is an international trend, which Brazil must join, to assess HEI sustainability through SATs. The comparison between different international SATs and respective programs yields some recommendations for a Brazilian model, such as definition of their purpose, types of questions to be used, the possibility to apply SATs to HEI sub-units, means of dissemination and others.

Research limitations/implications
The research limitation is the difficulty to obtain information allowing a deeper understanding of sustainability-related activities developed by Brazilian HEIs.

Practical implications
This paper provides a base on which to construct SAT and program models tailored for Brazil.

Originality/value
This is the first paper that stresses the importance of adopting a SAT tailored for Brazil, by comparing and discussing models that may be used for that purpose.