bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lubiprostone improves visualization of small bowel for capsule endoscopy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled 2-way crossover study
Authors: Matsuura Mizue , Inamori Masahiko , Inou Yumi , Kanoshima Kenji , Higurashi Takuma , Ohkubo Hidenori , Iida Hiroshi , Endo Hiroki , Nonaka Takashi , Kusakabe Akihiko , Maeda Shin , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Lubiprostone has been reported to be an anti-constipation drug. The aim of the study was to investigate the usefulness of lubiprostone both for bowel preparation and as a propulsive agent in small bowel endoscopy.
Patients and methods This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover study of subjects who volunteered to undergo capsule endoscopy (CE). A total of 20 subjects (16 male and 4 female volunteers) were randomly assigned to receive a 24-μg tablet of lubiprostone 120 minutes prior to capsule ingestion for CE (L regimen), or a placebo tablet 120 minutes prior to capsule ingestion for CE (P regimen). Main outcome was gastric transit time (GTT) and small-bowel transit time (SBTT). Secondary outcome was adequacy of small-bowel cleansing and the fluid score in the small bowel. The quality of the capsule endoscopic images and fluid in the small bowel were assessed on 5-point scale.
Results The capsule passed into the small bowel in all cases. Median GTT was 57.3 (3 – 221) minutes for the P regimen and 61.3 (10 – 218) minutes for the L regimen (P = 0.836). Median SBTT was 245.0 (164 – 353) minutes for the P regimen and 228.05 (116 – 502) minutes for the L regimen (P = 0.501). The image quality score in the small bowel was 3.05 ± 1.08 for the P regimen and 3.80 ± 0.49 for the L regimen (P < 0.001). The fluid score in the small bowel was 2.04 ± 1.58 for the P regimen and 2.72 ± 1.43 for the L regimen (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the 2 regimens with regard to image quality. The fluid score was more plentiful for the L regimen than for the P regimen. There were no cases of capsule retention or serious adverse events in this study.
Conclusion Our study showed that use of lubiprostone prior to CE significantly improved visualization of the small bowel during CE as a result of inducing fluid secretion into the small bowel.
KID Project: an internet-based digital video atlas of capsule endoscopy for research purposes
Authors: Koulaouzidis Anastasios , Iakovidis Dimitris , Yung Diana , Rondonotti Emanuele , Kopylov Uri , Plevris John , Toth Ervin , Eliakim Abraham , Wurm Johansson Gabrielle , Marlicz Wojciech , Mavrogenis Georgios , Nemeth Artur , Thorlacius Henrik , Tontini Gian 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background and aims Capsule endoscopy (CE) has revolutionized small-bowel (SB) investigation. Computational methods can enhance diagnostic yield (DY); however, incorporating machine learning algorithms (MLAs) into CE reading is difficult as large amounts of image annotations are required for training. Current databases lack graphic annotations of pathologies and cannot be used. A novel database, KID, aims to provide a reference for research and development of medical decision support systems (MDSS) for CE.
Methods Open-source software was used for the KID database. Clinicians contribute anonymized, annotated CE images and videos. Graphic annotations are supported by an open-access annotation tool (Ratsnake). We detail an experiment based on the KID database, examining differences in SB lesion measurement between human readers and a MLA. The Jaccard Index (JI) was used to evaluate similarity between annotations by the MLA and human readers.
Results The MLA performed best in measuring lymphangiectasias with a JI of 81 ± 6 %. The other lesion types were: angioectasias (JI 64 ± 11 %), aphthae (JI 64 ± 8 %), chylous cysts (JI 70 ± 14 %), polypoid lesions (JI 75 ± 21 %), and ulcers (JI 56 ± 9 %).
Conclusion MLA can perform as well as human readers in the measurement of SB angioectasias in white light (WL). Automated lesion measurement is therefore feasible. KID is currently the only open-source CE database developed specifically to aid development of MDSS. Our experiment demonstrates this potential.
Rings in the esophagus are not always eosinophilic esophagitis: Case series of ring forming lymphocytic esophagitis and review of the literature
Authors: Pleet Julia , Taboada Sofia , Rishi Arvind , Milman Perry , Trindade Arvind 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Lymphocytic esophagitis (LyE) is a form of chronic esophagitis characterized by edema and lymphocytic infiltration of the epithelial peripapillary fields, without eosinophils. Its significance is unclear, as it was previously thought to have little clinical impact. More recent literature, however, describes a paradigm shift suggesting a distinct entity. We report on 3 patients with dysphagia who were found to have esophageal rings on endoscopy. Histology was consistent with LyE. Additional features reported in this cohort included an esophageal web, esophageal pseudodiverticula and esophageal erythema. We also report a current literature review of the topic. The literature review reported here includes another 37 patients with LyE and rings, for a total of 40 patients. Patients with LyE may present with esophageal rings and other findings. LyE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of esophageal rings.
Therapie mit Weihrauch bei Morbus Crohn
Authors: Gerhardt Henning 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Studie „Therapie des aktiven Morbus Crohn mit dem Boswellia-serrata-Extrakt H15“ 3 erbrachte den
Nachweis, dass eine Therapie mit Boswellia-serrata-Extrakt H15 der Behandlung des aktiven Morbus Crohn mit Mesalazin nicht unterlegen ist.
Bei gleichzeitiger Berücksichtigung der Verträglichkeit ist im Sinne einer Nutzen-Risiko-Bewertung der Boswellia-serrata-Extrakt H15
günstiger zu bewerten als Mesalazin. Die Studie PS0201B0 4 bestätigt die gute Verträglichkeit des neuen
Boswellia-serrata-Extraktes Boswelan® in der Langzeitbehandlung. Leider konnte in dieser Studie nicht einmal eine Tendenz
bezüglich einer Wirksamkeit nachgewiesen werden. Daher ist davon auszugehen, dass Weihrauch zur Remissionserhaltung bei Morbus Crohn nicht
wirksam ist.
Die MayrPrevent®-Therapie bei Morbus Crohn
Authors: Fegerl Sepp 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungBei Morbus Crohn handelt es sich um eine chronische Krankheit, die zurzeit ohne kurativen Ansatz behandelt wird. Die Medikamente können bei
vielen Patienten das Leiden nicht dauerhaft bekämpfen, meist kehren die Entzündungen nach einiger Zeit wieder. Interessant und vorbildlich
ist das empfohlene Vorgehen bei Kindern: Auch im akuten Schub sollte zur Induktion sowie zur Erhaltung einer Remission zunächst eine
enterale Ernährungstherapie bei nachgewiesener Gleichwertigkeit anstelle einer Glukokortikoid-Stoßtherapie durchgeführt werden. Einen Erfolg
sieht man dabei in über 80 %, auch bei Erwachsenen. Das entspricht dem obersten therapeutischen Prinzip der Mayr-Medizin: Schonung!
Systematic assessment with I-SCAN magnification endoscopy and acetic acid improves dysplasia detection in patients with Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Lipman Gideon , Bisschops Raf , Sehgal Vinay , Ortiz-Fernández-Sordo Jacobo , Sweis Rami , Esteban Jose , Hamoudi Rifat , Banks Matthew , Ragunath Krish , Lovat Laurence , Haidry Rehan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Enhanced endoscopic imaging with chromoendoscopy may improve dysplasia recognition in patients undergoing assessment of Barrett’s esophagus (BE). This may reduce the need for random biopsies to detect more dysplasia. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of magnification endoscopy with I-SCAN (Pentax, Tokyo, Japan) and acetic acid (ACA) on dysplasia detection in BE using a novel mucosal and vascular classification system.
Methods BE segments and suspicious lesions were recorded with high definition white-light and magnification endoscopy enhanced using all I-SCAN modes in combination. We created a novel mucosal and vascular classification system based on similar previously validated classifications for narrow-band imaging (NBI). A total of 27 videos were rated before and after ACA application. Following validation, a further 20 patients had their full endoscopies recorded and analyzed to model use of the system to detect dysplasia in a routine clinical scenario.
Results The accuracy of the I-SCAN classification system for BE dysplasia improved with I-SCAN magnification from 69 % to 79 % post-ACA (P = 0.01). In the routine clinical scenario model in 20 new patients, accuracy of dysplasia detection increased from 76 % using a “pull-through” alone to 83 % when ACA and magnification endoscopy were combined (P = 0.047). Overall interobserver agreement between experts for dysplasia detection was substantial (0.69).
Conclusions A new I-SCAN classification system for BE was validated against similar systems for NBI with similar outcomes. When used in combination with magnification and ACA, the classification detected BE dysplasia in clinical practice with good accuracy.Trials registered at ISRCTN (58235785).
A new intraductal radiofrequency ablation device for inoperable biliopancreatic tumors complicated by obstructive jaundice: the IGNITE-1 study
Authors: Laleman Wim , van der Merwe Schalk , Verbeke Len , Vanbeckevoort Dirk , Aerts Raymond , Prenen Hans , Van Cutsem Eric , Verslype Chris 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Biliary stenting of unresectable malignant bile duct obstruction is generally accepted as the standard of care but it can be hampered by tumor ingrowth and stent dysfunction. We aimed to test the feasibility, safety, and biliary patency rate of a new endoscopically applied intraductal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) device.
Patients and methods Eighteen patients with inoperable malignant biliary obstruction underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-directed RFA and stenting.
Results Between December 2014 and November 2015, 18 patients underwent RFA to the intended region, with no complications within 3 months of the procedure. Bilirubin levels post-RFA and stenting decreased significantly (7.8 ± 1 mg/dL to 1.7 ± 0.4 mg/dL; P < 0.001). At 90 and 180 days post-intervention, biliary patency was maintained in 80 % and 69 % of patients still alive at that time, respectively. The median overall stent patency was 110 days (range 16 – 374), with a median patient survival of 227 days (range 16 – 374).
Conclusion Intraductal RFA using a new device in patients with inoperable biliopancreatic cancer complicated by jaundice appeared feasible and safe with acceptable biliary patency. Randomized trials with prolonged follow-up are warranted.ClinTrials.gov: NCT02468076.
Grounding, semantic functions, and absolute quantifiers
Authors: Langacker Ronald W. 
Published: July 2017

Absolute quantifiers (e.g. many, few, three) have adjectival uses, but when initial they function as grounding elements: like demonstratives, articles, and relative quantifiers (e.g. all, most, every), they indicate the epistemic status of the nominal referent. This ambivalence is due to their being intermediate, having semantic affinities with both categories but being marginal with respect to each. The dual role of absolute quantifiers is readily described in Cognitive Grammar, given its dynamic view of meaning as consisting in semantic functions (interactive tasks to be fulfilled). These functions belong to the symbolic assemblies constituting language structure; they are fundamental, the role of lexicon and grammar being to effect their implementation. More schematic functions –such as grounding –are independent of any particular implementation. In the absence of a dedicated grounding element, absolute quantifiers assume that function through a conventional pattern of implicit functional augmentation (a common type of construction).
Subcategorization and change
Authors: Amaral Patrícia , Delicado Cantero Manuel 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper analyzes the syntactic and semantic changes undergone by the PP sin embargo ‘without obstacle/impediment’ as it develops its clause-taking properties in Spanish from the 12th to the 16th centuries, essential for its further reanalysis as a concessive connective. We argue against an account that explains this change through a metaphor from the lack of a barrier in the sociophysical world to the epistemic world. Instead, we show that the syntactic and semantic change stems from the subcategorization properties of the noun embargo, which in the 1400s selects for the preposition de and later for the complementizer que, with scope over a proposition. The selection of a clausal complement, and hence the increase in scope of the original prepositional phrase, underlies the creation of the sentence connective.
Variable negative concord in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Agostini Tainara D. , Schwenter Scott A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We provide empirical evidence that colloquial Brazilian Portuguese (BP) is a variable negative concord language, which allows negative indefinites (NIs) to occur in postverbal position without a preverbal negative licensor, as in Vi nada ontem ‘I saw nothing yesterday.’ The results of an online survey (N = 443) distributed via Facebook show that speakers’ acceptability judgments toward the lack of negative concord in BP are closely connected to the frequency of the individual NIs, and in particular to the frequency of V + NI collocations. Speaker judgments are also sensitive to the type frequency and token-type ratio of individual NIs. We conclude that variable negative concord in BP is paradigmatically constrained by the identity of the NI in question.
The simultaneous lenition of Spanish /ptk/ and /bdɡ/ as a chain shift in progress
Authors: Eager Christopher D. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study examines dialect differences in the simultaneous lenition of intervocalic /ptk/ and /bdɡ/ in Peruvian Spanish in Lima and Cuzco. Results from a read speech task show both sets of plosives are lenited significantly less in Cuzco than in Lima. Random forests demonstrate that differences in voicing best explain the distinction between /ptk/ and /bdɡ/, that differences in relative intensity best explain the distinction in Lima, and that in order to best distinguish Cuzco /bdɡ/ from Lima /ptk/, relative intensity must be given more importance than voicing. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that these lenitions constitute a chain shift in progress and offer insight into how these shifts may occur.
The importance of motivated comparisons in variationist studies*
Authors: Chappell Whitney 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
As the state of the field advances empirically, sociolinguists are increasingly expected to utilize statistics in their data analysis. Some researchers have limited formal statistical training, and even for the more experienced researcher, the focus of model construction is often on the independent variables, e.g. interactions or multicollinearity issues. However, dependent variables with three or more variants require careful consideration. Building on Paolillo (2002), I show that identical binomial logistic regression models yield disparate results given differential treatment of a complex dependent variable. I conclude by offering concrete, hands-on advice for linguists working with their data in R with the goal of promoting judicious analyses among Hispanic sociolinguists.
The past persists into the present
Authors: Cruz Flores Abel 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, adopting a variationist approach, it examines the relative frequency of the present perfect and preterite alternation and the particular conditioning factors that might favor the use of the PP in Southern Arizona Spanish; secondly, it attempts to situate the use of Southern Arizona PP in the scope of the typology of periphrastic pasts proposed in Harris (1982). A multivariate analysis reveals that frequency and approximate adverbs, stative predicates, and indeterminate reference favor the PP in this variety, meaning that the PP shows characteristics of a continuative perfect. This in turn suggests that the PP in this variety situates at stage II in Harris’s developmental stages.
“El vos nuestro es, ¡Ey vos, chigüín!”
Authors: Melgares Jeriel 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This qualitative study takes the analysis of Honduran voseo beyond the examination of ‘who’ uses vos to include answers to ‘why’ speakers use vos the way they do. To that end, thirty informants shared their attitudes toward address forms through semi-directed interviews from which three themes emerged: (1) vos belongs to the Honduran norm; (2) vos indexes Honduran national identity; and (3) innovative uses of vos reflect its greatly rooted status in Honduran Spanish. It was evident that voseo is not stigmatized in this variety, as it is part of the Honduran linguistic habitus. Adopting Billig’s (1995) theory of banal nationalism, I conclude that vos is preponderant in Honduran Spanish because it functions as a marker of Honduran national identity.
Functional and temporal relations between spoken and gestured components of language
Authors: Kok Kasper I. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBased on the Bielefeld Speech and Gesture Alignment Corpus (Lücking et al. 2013), this paper presents a systematic comparison of the linguistic characteristics of unimodal (speech only) and multimodal (gesture-accompanied) forms of language use. The results suggest that each of these two modes of expression is characterized by statistical preferences for certain types of words and grammatical categories. The words that are most frequently accompanied by a manual gesture, when controlled for their total frequency, include unspecific spatial lexemes, various deictic words, and particles that express difficulty in word retrieval or formulation. Other linguistic items, including pronouns and verbs of cognition, show a strong dispreference for being gesture-accompanied. The second part of the paper shows that gestures do not occur within a fixed time window relative to the word(s) they relate to, but the preferred temporal distance varies with the type of functional relation that exists between the verbal and gestural channel.
甘洛爾蘇話動詞的體貌範疇
Authors: Chirkova Katia , Wang Dehe 
Published: July 2017

抽象本文通過語法問卷和長篇語料收集到的材料，以甘洛縣則拉鄉爾蘇話為例，對爾蘇語體貌系統的主要表達手段及其之間的關係進行了探討。本文確定了爾蘇語體系統的核心部分（即完整體與非完整體的對立）以詞彙和派生手段（動詞和動詞前綴）構成。本文指出爾蘇語較次要體的類型（如經驗體等）依靠語法形式手段（體貌標記）表達。本文發現爾蘇語大多數體標記兼表體與示證的意義。最後，本文分別介紹了體貌系統的主要表達手段和相關語料依據。
單音詞「嵌偶化」芻議
Authors: Yin Xiaojie , Zhang Jiahe 
Published: July 2017

抽象
嵌偶單音詞是當代書面正式語體極其重要的組成部分，本文首次提出「嵌偶化」這一概念和判斷一個單音詞嵌偶與否的標準，並以「鼻」、「遍」為例，分別考察了兩類單音詞的「嵌偶化」過程。本文認為，「嵌偶化」的實質就是歷史上一部分單音詞退出口語，繼續以嵌偶單音詞的形式保留在書面正式語體中的過程。同時，也是以語素形式嵌入口語雙音模型——雙音節詞的「語素化」過程，「嵌偶化」實指這兩種嵌偶模型的產生過程，口語中的「語素化」是實現「嵌偶化」的必要方式和必經過程。對單音詞「嵌偶化」的初步探討，實質就是從語體角度來考察現代嵌偶詞的「語體化」歷程。
Tellability, frame and silence
Authors: Savolainen Ulla 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
On the basis of the September 1944 Moscow Armistice agreement between Finland, the Soviet Union and the UK, the Finnish government was obliged to intern German and Hungarian citizens in Finland. Applying the concepts of “tellability” and “frame”, I examine how individuals (most of them children of German fathers and Finnish mothers) who were interned as minors and young people in Finland in 1944–1946 describe silence and the rupture of silence. In order to understand the interaction and dynamics between individuals’ remembering and public memory, I analyze oral history interviews of ex-internees in relation to public discussion. I argue that bringing together viewpoints of narrative analysis, oral history research and memory studies facilitates understanding of the link between the individual, private and public dimensions of memory construction. Furthermore, I suggest that the analytical concepts of tellability and frame are highly useful in understanding why some experiences and events of the past are narrated and remembered while others are forgotten or silenced.
Story sequencing and stereotyping
Authors: Bischoping Katherine , Gao Zhipeng 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Over the last decade, sometimes violent conflicts have erupted between generations in China over who should have a seat on a crowded bus. Through a small story approach to an extended sequence of Chinese bus stories, this study examines how elder-blaming comes to be instantiated in talk-in-interaction. The analysis elaborates Deppermann's finding that cooperative in-group bonding is not the sole reason that out-group stereotypes are instantiated: competition among interactants as they “top” one another’s stories also plays an important part. We nuance this, first, by pointing to actions that are simultaneously cooperative and competitive. Second, we foreground how the interactional troubles of our storytellers fundamentally revolve around issues of epistemic accountability and, in turn, are assuaged by cooperative epistemic acts, in which stereotyping and story "topping" entwine.
Multimodal life history narrative
Authors: Woolhouse Clare 
Published: July 2017

AbstractI draw together multimodal and creative art practices with sociological and discursive research frameworks to detail how multimodal interviewing facilitates communication of individual narratives. I offer a route for researching how embodied self-production emerges by asking: What can be learnt from analysing the context and process of narrative accounts rather than the content? Consideration is given to how a drawn visual line influences the narrative progress by inviting diverse, active and embodied engagement, while highlighting issues that participants prioritise. Attention is also given to how self-recognition and the production of identity become apparent in moments that punctuate a narrator’s story-telling. These moments are identified as discursive transitions and include switches in style or topic of conversation, expressions of emotion, pauses and extended silences. These transitions are conceptualised as examples of a ‘structuring presence’ within a narrative, and I explore how these are central to the embodied production of self-identity.
Narrative performances of user involvement among service users in mental health care
Authors: Klausen Rita K. , Karlsson Marie , Haugsgjerd Svein , Lorem Geir Fagerjord 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article deals with user involvement in mental health care and emerges from interviews with four service users at a community mental health center in northern Norway. The stories told by the participants were related to an impending closure of the center following a new health care reform. The aim of this article is to take a closer look at how user involvement was performed by the participants in the storytelling context. We explore the stories told using narrative contextualization analysis. Through our analysis, we find that narrative environments demands our attention to turn to storytelling as stories play out in the here and now of everyday life in mental health care.
Restructuring structural narrative analysis using Campbell’s monomyth to understand participant narratives
Authors: Cruz Joshua , Kellam Nadia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a method for performing structural narrative analysis that draws on narratology and literary studies, moving structural narrative analysis from a focus on examining linguistic parts of narratives to understanding thematic structures that make up the whole narrative. We explore the possibility of constructing participant narratives using Campbell’s monomyth as a coding and structuralizing scheme. The method we describe is the response to the question, “How might we find a reliable way to construct ‘smooth’ stories (with attention to the structures of stories) so that we might compare trajectories of student experiences?” To answer this question, we use narrative interviews from a larger study to show how this method can make sense of interviews and construct accessible and useful participant narratives. We close by providing an example narrative constructed using the monomyth coding scheme and discussing benefits and difficulties associated with this method.