bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downing Lecture 2024: Where Does Wealth Come From?
Authors: Black Sandra E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent decades have seen substantial increases in wealth inequality; this is particularly troubling given the high persistence of this inequality across generations. Yet, we have surprisingly little understanding of how and why wealth is transmitted across generations. Is this persistence driven by innate biological differences across families? Or is it driven by growing up in a different environment with access to different opportunities? In the 2024 Downing Public Lecture, Professor Sandra E. Black discusses the economics research that tries to answer this question, focusing on how one can disentangle the role of nature versus nurture.
Natural resources, a curse or blessing for international trade? Empirical evidence from CAREC nations
Authors: Qian Guojun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is a huge pile of literature, accessible on economic growth (GDP), natural resource rents (NR), mineral rents (MR), natural gas rents (GR), oil rents (OR), and forest rents (FR) but it does not address the association between trade openness (TO) and the availability of these resources. Thus, this study objectively probes the link among these resources and TO in CAREC nations (Georgia, China, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan) from 2000 to 2022. Mongolia, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan from CAREC countries are exempted in this inquiry due to unavailability of the data for the variables, GR, MR, and OR. The key methods used in this inquiry include method of moment quantile regression (MMQR) followed by Westerlund analysis, slope heterogeneity, CIPS unit root test, cross‐sectional dependence (CSD), and matrix correlation. The MMQR yields valid, trustworthy, and robust results. The empirical estimates demonstrate that MR and OR suggest significant positive impacts on TO. However, NR, GR, FR, and GDP have negative association with TO in CAREC countries. Besides, the research offers pertinent theoretical, and managerial blueprint proposals for global commerce by utilizing MR, OR, FR, and NR contributing to sustainable development goals (SDGs) by fostering economic development, promoting sustainable development, and addressing environmental and social challenges, and highlighting the real impact and association of these resources with TO based on empirical aftermath of the study.
Practical strategies for caring for patients with functional neurological disorder in the ED
Authors: Lehn Alexander 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFunctional Neurological Disorder (FND) presents unique challenges in the emergency department (ED), where patients often arrive with varied and vague symptoms that can be difficult to address. This article provides practical strategies for effectively managing and supporting FND patients in the ED, emphasizing a compassionate, systematic approach, tailored treatments, appropriate use of investigations, and ensuring continuity of care. Key principles include clear communication of the diagnosis, preventing iatrogenic harm, and facilitating appropriate referrals for follow‐up care. Consistent and respectful language is important when managing patients with FND. Creating a calm environment reduced stress and symptom exacerbation. Thorough history taking and examination can help build the patient's confidence in their diagnosis. Validating symptoms and providing a clear explanation of the diagnosis are important. FND presentations, such as functional weakness and seizures, require tailored interventions with early involvement of physiotherapy and/or psychological support. A low threshold for investigating potential comorbid neurological conditions should be maintained when patients present to ED, especially in cases of unclear diagnoses or acute presentations, while avoiding repetitive testing that may reinforce illness behaviour. Managing FND in the ED requires a patient‐centered, multidisciplinary approach. By adopting these strategies, health professionals can improve outcomes and support patients in managing their condition effectively.
Long‐term survival analysis of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome in China: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yueting Li , Lin Qiao , Jian Xu , Xinwang Duan , Yongfu Wang , Weiguo Xiao , Xiaodan Kong , Qin Li , Songlou Yin , Liyun Zhang , Lijun Wu , Chanyuan Wu , Jiuliang Zhao , Yanhong Wang , Siyun Chen , Dong Xu , Mengtao Li , Xiaofeng Zeng , Yan Zhao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the long‐term survival, causes of death, and prognostic factors in Chinese patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).MethodsWe included patients with pSS registered in the Chinese Rheumatism Data Centre between May 2016 and December 2021, and collected baseline clinical, laboratory, and treatment data. Survival and standard mortality rates were calculated using general population mortality data. Factors related to mortality were identified using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsAmong the 8588 patients included, 274 died during a median follow‐up of 4.0 years. The overall standardized mortality ratio was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.43–1.81). Overall survival rates were 98.2% at 5 years and 93.8% at 10 years. The predominant causes of death were comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases, tumors, and infections, while the most frequent pSS‐related causes of death were interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Male sex, older age, ILD, PAH, and high EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI), thrombocytopenia, anemia, high immunoglobulin A (IgA) level, and glucocorticoid treatment independently increased the mortality risk, while using hydroxychloroquine was a protective factor.ConclusionMortality rates have significantly increased in Chinese patients with pSS. Comorbidities, rather than pSS‐related organ damage, were the main causes of death. All‐cause mortality was associated with male sex, older age, ILD, PAH, high ESSDAI, thrombocytopenia, anemia, high IgA level, and glucocorticoid treatment, whereas hydroxychloroquine use might improve the long‐term survival.
Embryonic Thyroid Hormone Insufficiency Causes Structural Anomalies in the Embryo of Domestic Chick, Gallus domesticus
Authors: Vaishnav Juhi , Sharma Shashikant , Balakrishnan Suresh 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThyroid hormone (TH) is essential for growth and development, yet its specific role during embryogenesis remains incompletely understood. This study investigates the impact of TH deficiency, induced by thiourea, a known inhibitor of thyroid peroxidase (TPO), on the development of domestic chicks. Thiourea was administered before thyroid gland formation, and its presence in treated embryos was confirmed through liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. In silico docking revealed a strong interaction between thiourea and the CCP‐like domain of TPO, which was corroborated by TPO activity assays showing reduced enzyme function. This reduction in enzyme activity led to lower embryonic TH levels and increased thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion. Morphological analysis of newly hatched chicks revealed significant structural anomalies, particularly in lateral plate mesoderm‐derived structures, including omphalocele, limb deformities, anophthalmia and craniofacial defects. Alcian blue and Alizarin red staining demonstrated reduced ossification in ribs and forelimbs, while histological analysis showed incomplete abdominal wall closure and abnormal vertebral column development. Haematological profiling of TH‐deficient newly hatched chicks revealed significantly lower blood cell counts, highlighting TH's critical role in haematopoiesis. These findings emphasise the multifaceted role of TH in embryonic development, with potential implications for understanding congenital hypothyroidism and its developmental impacts, especially in regions with limited healthcare access.
Investigation of Glandula Uropygialis in Different Avian Species Using Morphometric and Histological Methods
Authors: Karaavci Funda Aksunger , Dortbudak Muhammet Bahaeddin , Demircioglu Muhammed , Kocyigit Ali 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to identify the glandula uropygialis's macroanatomical and histological structure in male and female birds (stork, goose, eagle, pigeon, crow and sparrowhawk) that belong to different populations. A total of 58 specimens were used in the study. The study materials were delivered to our laboratory by nature conservation and national parks, and no animals were euthanised for this study. The longitudinal and transversal lengths, dorsoventral heights and feather length of the glandula uropygialis and papilla uropygialis were measured with a digital calliper. Haematoxylin–eosin and Masson trichrome staining were performed for histological examinations. The shape of the glandula uropygialis was found to be pear‐shaped in pigeons and sparrowhawks, heart‐shaped in geese, kidney‐shaped in eagles and oval‐fascule‐shaped in storks. In the crow, the shape of the glandula uropygialis was different from the other species in that it was located dorso‐caudally. Histomorphological examination of the glands of these species revealed that the gland generally consisted of two lobes, right and left, surrounded by connective tissue from the outside. The parenchyma of these lobes consisted of tubulo‐alveolar secretory glands with a radial arrangement from the periphery to the centre. The glands within the lobes differed from the periphery to the centre and although the general histomorphological appearance was similar between bird species, some differences were observed between species. Similar stromal structure was observed in all bird species evaluated in the study. However, the reticular connective tissue forming the roof of the gland was found to be more developed in pigeons, especially in Masson's trichroma staining. The degenerative layer in the glands was more prominent in the eagle, followed by the goose and crow. Although a common general histological structure was observed among bird species, simple histomorphological differences were found between these formations, but no differences were found between the sexes. The results obtained will be compared with the findings of the aves class and will provide a data source for this special gland specific to birds. It is thought that the results obtained may help to determine the functional properties of the gland and contribute to the science of ornithology.
Outcomes after SynCardia® temporary total artificial heart implantation: A 20‐year single‐center experience in 196 patients
Authors: Razumov Artyom , Burri Melchior , Zittermann Armin , Radakovic Darko , Lauenroth Volker , Rojas Sebastian V. , Fox Henrik , Schramm René , Gummert Jan , Deutsch Marcus‐André , Morshuis Michiel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe SynCardia® temporary total artificial heart (TAH) serves as a mechanical circulatory support device for patients suffering from irreversible biventricular failure.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 196 consecutive patients who underwent TAH implantation at our center from 2001 to 2021. We assessed survival rates and all‐cause mortality during TAH support, including survival post‐heart transplantation.ResultsThe median age of patients was 55 years, with 88% being male. The primary diagnoses included cardiomyopathy (43.9%), acute myocardial infarction (26.5%), and postcardiotomy heart failure (15.5%). At implantation, 87.2% of patients were classified as INTERMACS Profile 1. The median duration of support was 96 days (IQR: 23–227). Survival rates at 1, 6, and 12 months were 72%, 41%, and 34%, respectively. Postoperative rethoracotomy was necessary in 44.4% of patients; 39.3% experienced neurological events and 24.6% developed gastrointestinal bleeding. Overall, 64.8% of patients died while on support, primarily due to multiple organ failure (55.9%). Factors such as older age, higher bilirubin levels, postcardiotomy and specific underlying diagnoses were independent predictors of mortality during TAH support. On a positive note, 35.2% of patients underwent successful heart transplants, with 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year posttransplant survival rates of 65%, 58%, and 51%, respectively.ConclusionsWhile high mortality rates persist among patients with biventricular failure, the SynCardia® TAH offers a viable interim solution for critically ill patients, particularly those who can be successfully bridged to heart transplantation.
Effects of long‐term lithium therapy on kidney functioning in mood disorders: A population‐based historical cohort study
Authors: Parsaik Ajay K. , Chaudhary Aanchal , Sharma Shivy , Delgoffe Brooke Ellen , Gabor Rachel , Singh Balwinder 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsLithium is Food and Drug Administration‐approved for bipolar disorder (BD) and is also used in depressive disorders but is underutilized due to concerns about chronic kidney disease (CKD). We explored clinical and demographic profiles of patients on long‐term lithium therapy (LTLT) and assessed kidney function. Our aims were to identify the predictors for CKD stage ≥3 and the impact of lithium discontinuation post‐CKD diagnosis.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based historical cohort study of adult patients with mood disorders on LTLT at the Marshfield Clinical Health System from 1990 to 2019. Data on lithium therapy and kidney‐related information (estimated glomerular filtration rate and CKD) were extracted from electronic medical records.ResultsAmong 1603 patients with mood disorders (mean age 42.1 years, 60% females), 15.3% (n = 246) developed CKD stage ≥3. Patients without CKD were on lithium for 4.5 years, compared to 6.6 years for those with CKD. Hypertension, age, and BD were significant CKD risk factors. Kidney function declined linearly with lithium duration, returning to pre‐treatment trajectory in patients without CKD but showed no improvement in those with CKD after lithium discontinuation.ConclusionThe findings suggest that CKD occurs in 15% of patients with mood disorder receiving LTLT, with its progression potentially influenced by existing comorbidities rather than lithium alone. These results underscore the importance of monitoring kidney function in patients on LTLT and considering individual risk factors for CKD development. In patients who developed CKD, Li discontinuation did not impact change in kidney function.
Genomic Data Characterize Reproductive Ecology Patterns in Michigan Invasive Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
Authors: Adams Nicole E. , Homola Jared J. , Sard Nicholas M. , Nathan Lucas R. , Roth Brian M. , Robinson John D. , Scribner Kim T. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe establishment and spread of invasive species are directly related to intersexual interactions as dispersal and reproductive success are related to distribution, effective population size, and population growth. Accordingly, populations established by r‐selected species are particularly difficult to suppress or eradicate. One such species, the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is established globally at considerable ecological and financial costs to natural and human communities. Here, we develop a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci panel for P. clarkii using restriction‐associated DNA‐sequencing data. We use the SNP panel to successfully genotype 1800 individuals at 930 SNPs in southeastern Michigan, USA. Genotypic data were used to reconstruct pedigrees, which enabled the characterization of P. clarkii's mating system and statistical tests for associations among environmental, demographic, and phenotypic predictors and adult reproductive success estimates. We identified juvenile cohorts using genotype‐based pedigrees, body size, and sampling timing, which elucidated the breeding phenology of multiple introduced populations. We report a high prevalence of multiple paternity in each surveyed waterbody, indicating polyandry in this species. We highlight the use of newly developed rapid genomic assessment tools for monitoring population reproductive responses, effective population sizes, and dispersal during ongoing control efforts.
DNA Methylation Carries Signatures of Sublethal Effects Under Thermal Stress in Loggerhead Sea Turtles
Authors: Yen Eugenie C. , Gilbert James D. , Balard Alice , Afonso Inês O. , Fairweather Kirsten , Newlands Débora , Lopes Artur , Correia Sandra M. , Taxonera Albert , Rossiter Stephen J. , Martín‐Durán José M. , Eizaguirre Christophe 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTo date, studies of the impacts of climate warming on individuals and populations have mostly focused on mortality and thermal tolerance. In contrast, much less is known about the consequences of sublethal effects, which are more challenging to detect, particularly in wild species with cryptic life histories. This necessitates the development of molecular tools to identify their signatures. In a split‐clutch field experiment, we relocated clutches of wild, nesting loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) to an in situ hatchery. Eggs were then split into two sub‐clutches and incubated under shallow or deep conditions, with those in the shallow treatment experiencing significantly higher temperatures in otherwise natural conditions. Although no difference in hatching success was observed between treatments, hatchlings from the shallow, warmer treatment had different length–mass relationships and were weaker at locomotion tests than their siblings incubated in the deep, cooler treatment. To characterise the molecular signatures of these thermal effects, we performed whole genome bisulfite sequencing on blood samples collected upon emergence. We identified 287 differentially methylated sites between hatchlings from different treatments, including on genes with neurodevelopmental, cytoskeletal, and lipid metabolism functions. Taken together, our results show that higher incubation temperatures induce sublethal effects in hatchlings, which are reflected in their DNA methylation status at identified sites. These sites could be used as biomarkers of thermal stress, especially if they are retained across life stages. Overall, this study suggests that global warming reduces hatchling fitness, which has implications for dispersal capacity and ultimately a population's adaptive potential. Conservation efforts for these endangered species and similar climate‐threatened taxa will therefore benefit from strategies for monitoring and mitigating exposure to temperatures that induce sublethal effects.
Profiles of racial discussions and associations with parent sociocultural factors and internalized racism in Asian American families
Authors: Kim Sei Eun , Hunt Emily , Tsai William , Huang Cindy Y. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhile Asian American parents are key contributors in racially socializing their children, past research indicates that issues of race are not frequently discussed among Asian American families. Moreover, there is limited research on how Asian American parents' sociocultural factors predict the amount and ways they talk about race to their children. We conducted latent profile analyses among 150 Asian American parents' (Mage = 42.36, range = 26–65 years) racial discussions, and the profiles' association with parents' sociocultural factors (i.e., enculturation, acculturation, internalized racism, collectivism, and loss of face) were examined. Four distinct profiles were identified with distinct levels of awareness of discrimination, avoidance of outgroups, minimization of race, and promotion of equality messages. Findings underscore the importance of Asian American parents engaging in nuanced racial discussions with their children, highlighting the need for culturally responsive interventions, educational programs, and policy initiatives to support families in navigating complex racial landscapes and fostering positive youth outcomes.
Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis‐like eruptions in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review
Authors: Akpala Christeebella O. , Erfani Yassaman J. , Young Jordan , Saeidi Vahide , Todd Austin , Chelf Cynthia , Philips Elizabeth J. , Alavi Afsaneh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment by targeting immune checkpoints such as PD‐1, PDL‐1, and CTLA‐4, but concerns about severe immune‐related adverse events persist. The scarcity of literature on dermatologic implications, especially severe reactions such as Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), highlights the urgent need for investigation.ObjectiveOur systematic review aims to address the gap in relevant literature by extensively examining the epidemiologic risk factors and management of SJS/TEN‐like illnesses in ICI‐treated patients to provide insights for risk assessment and clinical care.MethodsWe identified 158 case reports that detailed the incidence of SJS/TEN in patients being treated with ICIs, examining demographic patterns, type of malignancy, clinical characteristics, and treatments linked to onset. We assessed mortality rates, risk elements, and the effectiveness of interventions to help guide clinical care.ResultsAnalysis of 158 case reports revealed that SJS/TEN in ICI users is typically seen on average at the age of 63 and is more common in males. PD1 inhibitors such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab are often associated with various mucocutaneous patterns and significant risks with ICI use, especially TEN, which is linked to high morbidity and mortality rates.LimitationsOur study notes limitations due to the inclusion of case reports or case series, such as potential publication and reporting biases, leading to skewed findings. Additionally, because of the heterogeneous reporting standards, the retrospective nature limits phenotypic precision, control for confounding variables, and data completeness.ConclusionOur study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology, clinical features, management strategies, and outcomes of ICI‐induced SJS/TEN, underscoring the importance of vigilant monitoring and personalized risk assessment in oncology practice. Continued research efforts are essential to optimize patient outcomes and enhance the safety profile of ICIs in cancer therapy.
Navigating the transition to Principal Investigator
Authors: de la Fuente Alerie G 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs the result of many years of training, becoming a Principal Investigator (PI) is an exciting but also stressful and intimidating career transition step. While navigating this transition we quickly find out that the skills we have crafted throughout our scientific training do not necessarily cover those required to successfully run a research group. Although there is not a common path to ensure success for all new PIs, many of us encounter similar hurdles. The aim of this article is to reflect on my recent experience and mistakes 2 years after initiating this transition, in the hope of highlighting some key aspects that may be beneficial for future new PIs.