bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel 3D light microscopic analysis of IUGR placentas points to a morphological correlate of compensated ischemic placental disease in humans
Authors: Haeussner Eva , Schmitz Christoph , Frank Hans-Georg , Edler von Koch Franz 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe villous tree of the human placenta is a complex three-dimensional (3D) structure with branches and nodes at the feto-maternal border in the key area of gas and nutrient exchange. Recently we introduced a novel, computer-assisted 3D light microscopic method that enables 3D topological analysis of branching patterns of the human placental villous tree. In the present study we applied this novel method to the 3D architecture of peripheral villous trees of placentas from patients with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR placentas), a severe obstetric syndrome. We found that the mean branching angle of branches in terminal positions of the villous trees was significantly different statistically between IUGR placentas and clinically normal placentas. Furthermore, the mean tortuosity of branches of villous trees in directly preterminal positions was significantly different statistically between IUGR placentas and clinically normal placentas. We show that these differences can be interpreted as consequences of morphological adaptation of villous trees between IUGR placentas and clinically normal placentas and may have important consequences for the understanding of the morphological correlates of the efficiency of the placental villous tree and their influence on fetal development.
The topological Anderson insulator phase in the Kane-Mele model
Authors: Orth Christoph P. , Sekera Tibor , Bruder Christoph , Schmidt Thomas L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIt has been proposed that adding disorder to a topologically trivial mercury telluride/cadmium telluride (HgTe/CdTe) quantum well can induce a transition to a topologically nontrivial state. The resulting state was termed topological Anderson insulator and was found in computer simulations of the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang model. Here, we show that the topological Anderson insulator is a more universal phenomenon and also appears in the Kane-Mele model of topological insulators on a honeycomb lattice. We numerically investigate the interplay of the relevant parameters and establish the parameter range in which the topological Anderson insulator exists. A staggered sublattice potential turns out to be a necessary condition for the transition to the topological Anderson insulator. For weak enough disorder, a calculation based on the lowest-order Born approximation reproduces quantitatively the numerical data. Our results thus considerably increase the number of candidate materials for the topological Anderson insulator phase.
T cell factor-4 functions as a co-activator to promote NF-κB-dependent MMP-15 expression in lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Liu Yuliang , Xu Yu , Guo Shuliang , Chen Hong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBoth TCF-4 and MMP-15 are closely linked to the development of lung cancer, while the regulatory role of TCF-4 in MMP-15 expression is still obscure. Here we found that expression of TCF-4 and MMP-15 was increased in lung cancer cells or tissues versus the normal ones. With gain-or loss-of -function studies, we demonstrated that TCF-4 positively regulated MMP-15 expression in mRNA and protein levels. With reporter gene assay, we found that TCF-4 regulated MMP-15 expression via a potential NF-κB binding element locating at -2833/-2824 in the mouse MMP-15 promoter. With ChIP and immunoblotting assays, we identified that TCF-4 functioned as a co-activator to potentiate the binding between p65 and MMP-15 promoter. Functionally, TCF-4 silence attenuated the migration activity of LLC cells, while additional overexpression of MMP-15 rescued this effect in cell scratch test and transwell migration assay. In xenograft model, TCF-4 silence-improved tumor lesions in lungs and survival time of LLC-tumor bearing mice were abolished by MMP-15 overexpression. In conclusion, we are the first to identify TCF-4 as a co-activator of NF-κB p65 to promote MMP-15 transcription and potentiate the migration activity of the lung cancer cells. Our findings shed light on the therapeutic strategies of this malignancy.
A four-dimensional snapshot hyperspectral video-endoscope for bio-imaging applications
Authors: Lim Hoong-Ta , Murukeshan Vadakke Matham 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHyperspectral imaging has proven significance in bio-imaging applications and it has the ability to capture up to several hundred images of different wavelengths offering relevant spectral signatures. To use hyperspectral imaging for in vivo monitoring and diagnosis of the internal body cavities, a snapshot hyperspectral video-endoscope is required. However, such reported systems provide only about 50 wavelengths. We have developed a four-dimensional snapshot hyperspectral video-endoscope with a spectral range of 400–1000 nm, which can detect 756 wavelengths for imaging, significantly more than such systems. Capturing the three-dimensional datacube sequentially gives the fourth dimension. All these are achieved through a flexible two-dimensional to one-dimensional fiber bundle. The potential of this custom designed and fabricated compact biomedical probe is demonstrated by imaging phantom tissue samples in reflectance and fluorescence imaging modalities. It is envisaged that this novel concept and developed probe will contribute significantly towards diagnostic in vivo biomedical imaging in the near future.
Breeding Young as a Survival Strategy during Earth’s Greatest Mass Extinction
Authors: Botha-Brink Jennifer , Codron Daryl , Huttenlocker Adam K. , Angielczyk Kenneth D. , Ruta Marcello 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStudies of the effects of mass extinctions on ancient ecosystems have focused on changes in taxic diversity, morphological disparity, abundance, behaviour and resource availability as key determinants of group survival. Crucially, the contribution of life history traits to survival during terrestrial mass extinctions has not been investigated, despite the critical role of such traits for population viability. We use bone microstructure and body size data to investigate the palaeoecological implications of changes in life history strategies in the therapsid forerunners of mammals before and after the Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction (PTME), the most catastrophic crisis in Phanerozoic history. Our results are consistent with truncated development, shortened life expectancies, elevated mortality rates and higher extinction risks amongst post-extinction species. Various simulations of ecological dynamics indicate that an earlier onset of reproduction leading to shortened generation times could explain the persistence of therapsids in the unpredictable, resource-limited Early Triassic environments and help explain observed body size distributions of some disaster taxa (e.g., Lystrosaurus). Our study accounts for differential survival in mammal ancestors after the PTME and provides a methodological framework for quantifying survival strategies in other vertebrates during major biotic crises.
Large-scale Growth and Simultaneous Doping of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets
Authors: Kim Seong Jun , Kang Min-A , Kim Sung Ho , Lee Youngbum , Song Wooseok , Myung Sung , Lee Sun Sook , Lim Jongsun , An Ki-Seok 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA facile method that uses chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for the simultaneous growth and doping of large-scale molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets was developed. We employed metalloporphyrin as a seeding promoter layer for the uniform growth of MoS2 nanosheets. Here, a hybrid deposition system that combines thermal evaporation and atomic layer deposition (ALD) was utilized to prepare the promoter. The doping effect of the promoter was verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the carrier density of the MoS2 nanosheets was manipulated by adjusting the thickness of the metalloporphyrin promoter layers, which allowed the electrical conductivity in MoS2 to be manipulated.
Adolescent behavioral and neural reward sensitivity: a test of the differential susceptibility theory
Authors: Richards J S , Arias Vásquez A , von Rhein D , van der Meer D , Franke B , Hoekstra P J , Heslenfeld D J , Oosterlaan J , Faraone S V , Buitelaar J K , Hartman C A 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLittle is known about the causes of individual differences in reward sensitivity. We investigated gene–environment interactions (GxE) on behavioral and neural measures of reward sensitivity, in light of the differential susceptibility theory. This theory states that individuals carrying plasticity gene variants will be more disadvantaged in negative, but more advantaged in positive environments. Reward responses were assessed during a monetary incentive delay task in 178 participants with and 265 without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), fromN=261 families. We examined interactions between variants in candidate plasticity genes (DAT1,5-HTTandDRD4) and social environments (maternal expressed emotion and peer affiliation).HTTLPRshort allele carriers showed the least reward speeding when exposed to high positive peer affiliation, but the most when faced with low positive peer affiliation or low maternal warmth.DAT110-repeat homozygotes displayed similar GxE patterns toward maternal warmth on general task performance. At the neural level,DRD47-repeat carriers showed the least striatal activation during reward anticipation when exposed to high maternal warmth, but the most when exposed to low warmth. Findings were independent of ADHD severity. Our results partially confirm the differential susceptibility theory and indicate the importance of positive social environments in reward sensitivity and general task performance for persons with specific genotypes.
“In shape and mind transformed”? Televised teaching and learning Shakespeare
Authors: Olive Sarah 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReality television offers the BBC the opportunity to fulfil its dual imperatives of education and entertainment, frequently constructed as anathematic. This article considers three recent examples of televised teaching and learning Shakespeare:When Romeo Met Juliet, Macbeth, the movie star and me, andOff By Heart: Shakespeare. It demonstrates the programmes’ fit with the reality genre through their common ingredients of authenticity, contained locations, hybridity, experts, fallible and flawed participants, articulation and reconciliation of social difference. Moreover, all three share an emphasis on a reality television staple: transformation, in terms of the participants’ knowledge, skills and personal growth, but also in relation to television audiences and the British education system. The programmes might thus usefully be understood as part of a reality television subgenre, evolving in Britain since the late 1970s, of Shmake-over. This article is published as part of a collection to commemorate the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare’s death.
A neural link between affective understanding and interpersonal attraction
Authors: Anders Silke , de Jong Roos , Beck Christian , Haynes John-Dylan , Ethofer Thomas 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Humans interacting with other humans must be able to understand their interaction partner’s affect and motivations, often without words. We examined whether people are attracted to others whose affective behavior they can easily understand. For this, we asked participants to watch different persons experiencing different emotions. We found the better a participant thought they could understand another person’s emotion the more they felt attracted toward that person. Importantly, these individual changes in interpersonal attraction were predicted by activity in the participant’s reward circuit, which in turn signaled how well the participant’s “neural vocabulary” was suited to decode the other’s behavior. This research elucidates neurobiological processes that might play an important role in the formation and success of human social relations.
Tradeoffs between fisheries harvest and the resilience of coral reefs
Authors: Bozec Yves-Marie , O'Farrell Shay , Bruggemann J. Henrich , Luckhurst Brian E. , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Fisheries management must avoid adverse impacts on the ecosystem. Doing so can be challenging in highly complex systems, particularly if the target species serves an important ecosystem function. Caribbean coral reefs provide a classic example in which herbivorous parrotfish are both an important fishery and key driver of ecosystem resilience. We developed and tested a multispecies fisheries model of parrotfish and linked it to a coral reef ecosystem experiencing climate change. We found that corals can remain resilient if less than 10% of the fishable parrotfish biomass is harvested and a minimum size of 30 cm is implemented. To our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to identify harvest levels that have little adverse effect on corals.
Assessing the Accuracy of Published Natural Mortality Estimators Using Rates Determined from Five Unexploited Freshwater Fish Populations
Authors: Maceina Michael J. , Sammons Steven M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Natural mortality is a vital demographic variable that is necessary for describing population dynamics and conducting fishery assessments. The instantaneous natural mortality rate (M) can be estimated through a variety of empirical methods, but they typically require extensive data collection (e.g., aging, tagging, and estimates of exploitation). Alternatively, M has been estimated using theoretically and empirically derived equations, some of which require minimal data, making their use attractive for application to information-limited fisheries. Most such equations were derived from marine stock assessments and have not been validated for freshwater fishes. We used age-frequency analyses to estimate M for unexploited populations of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, Smallmouth Bass M. dolomieu, Brown Bullheads Ameiurus nebulosus, Yellow Perch Perca flavescens, and Pumpkinseeds Lepomis gibbosus in the upper Hudson River, New York. We then compared our field-based estimates to M values predicted from nine published estimators. Using catch-curve regressions and the Robson and Chapman (1961) method, we estimated M for these populations with a sample of over 12,000 fish—nearly 2,000 of which were aged with otoliths. Variables used in the nine published estimators included maximum age, length, and weight; coefficients of the von Bertalanffy (VB) equation; the sample size used for aging; and average annual water temperature. The published estimators predicted M values that were fairly similar to our empirically derived values, although some estimators performed better than others. The mean of M values from the estimators was within ±0.12 units of the average derived from our age-frequency analyses. For the five estimators that utilized the VB growth relation, the M values were sensitive to changes in VB coefficients. For Largemouth Bass and Brown Bullheads, the unmodified VB growth functions did not conform to our observed length-at-age data, so we present modified VB equations for those species; coefficients derived from the modified equations appeared to provide more accurate predictions of M. Although the published estimators of M were primarily developed for marine fishes, they provided fairly accurate initial estimates of M (when bounded by uncertainty) for the five freshwater species we examined.
Received July 10, 2015; accepted November 30, 2015 Published online April 5, 2016
The structural importance of less abundant species in Prince William Sound food web
Authors: Scotti Marco , Jordán Ferenc 
Published: April 2016

Rarity of species is often considered to set priorities for biodiversity conservation. Less abundant species are expected to be at higher risk of extinction and make significant contribution to food web functioning. However, the relationship between species abundance and position in food webs is still unclear. Here we tested possible correlations between species abundance and structural position in Prince William Sound food web. Species abundance was inferred from biomass data and structural position was characterized by 13 centrality indices.We found that less abundant species have higher trophic positions and display more generalist feeding strategies. However, positive correlations link most of the centrality indices to population size. Thus, being locally rare translates into more peripheral food web positions and implies marginal roles in the spread of indirect effects. Species characterized by largest population size are responsible for the transfer of largest amounts of biomass and regulate the transmission of indirect effects. Less abundant species are of marginal structural importance and are exposed to impacts mediated by larger populations. In Prince William Sound ecosystem, rarity is associated with critical food web positions and does not simply reflect a marginal contribution to biodiversity.We suggest that knowing the food web position of rare species might help to formulate more effective, system-level solutions for their conservation, rather than simply focusing on the direct treatment of symptoms.
ProbOnto: ontology and knowledge base of probability distributions
Authors: Swat Maciej J. , Grenon Pierre , Wimalaratne Sarala 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Motivation: Probability distributions play a central role in mathematical and statistical modelling. The encoding, annotation and exchange of such models could be greatly simplified by a resource providing a common reference for the definition of probability distributions. Although some resources exist, no suitably detailed and complex ontology exists nor any database allowing programmatic access.
Results: ProbOnto, is an ontology-based knowledge base of probability distributions, featuring more than 80 uni- and multivariate distributions with their defining functions, characteristics, relationships and re-parameterization formulas. It can be used for model annotation and facilitates the encoding of distribution-based models, related functions and quantities.
Availability and Implementation: http://probonto.org
Contact: mjswat@ebi.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Interstellar chemical differentiation across grain sizes
Authors: Ge J. X. , He J. H. , Li Aigen 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the effects of ion accretion and size-dependent dust temperatures on the abundances of both gas-phase and grain-surface species. While past work has assumed a constant areal density for icy species, we show that this assumption is invalid and the chemical differentiation over grain sizes is significant. We use a gas–grain chemical code to demonstrate this numerically for two typical interstellar conditions: a dark cloud (DC) and a cold neutral medium (CNM). It is shown that, although the grain-size distribution variation (but with the total grain surface area unchanged) has little effect on the gas-phase abundances, it can alter the abundances of some surface species by up to ∼2–4 orders of magnitude. The areal densities of ice species are larger on smaller grains in the DC model as a consequence of ion accretion. However, the surface areal density evolution tracks are more complex in the CNM model due to the combined effects of ion accretion and dust temperature variation. The surface areal density differences between the smallest ( ∼ 0.01 μm) and the biggest ( ∼ 0.2 μm) grains can reach ∼1 and ∼5 orders of magnitude in the DC and CNM models, respectively.
Petri Net-Based Graphical and Computational Modelling of Biological Systems
Authors: Livigni Alessandra , O’Hara Laura , Polak Marta E. , Angus Tim , Smith Lee B. , Freeman Tom C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInsilicomodelling of biological pathways is a major endeavour of systems biology. Here we present a methodology for construction of pathway models from the literature and other sources using a biologist-friendly graphical modelling system. The pathway notation scheme, called mEPN, is based on the principles of the process diagrams and Petri nets, and facilitates both the graphical representation of complex systems as well as dynamic simulation of their activity. The protocol is divided into four sections: 1) assembly of the pathway in the yEd software package using the mEPN scheme, 2) conversion of the pathway into a computable format, 3) pathway visualisation andin silicosimulation using the BioLayoutExpress3Dsoftware, 4) optimisation of model parameterisation. This method allows reconstruction of any metabolic, signalling and transcriptional pathway as a means of knowledge management, as well as supporting the systems level modelling of their dynamic activity.
Passion in hybrid entrepreneurship: the impact of entrepreneurial teams and tenure
Authors: Nordström Carin , Sirén Charlotta Agneta , Thorgren Sara , Wincent Joakim 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to draw on the theory of choice overload to examine how entrepreneurial tenure and involvement in entrepreneurial teams influence passion for engaging in entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approach– A survey was administered to 262 Swedish hybrid entrepreneurs, which refers to individuals who engage in entrepreneurship while also maintaining wage work; this arrangement is becoming more and more common in the Nordic economies. Hypotheses proposed associations between the entrepreneurial tenure (the length of engagement in the side business) and entrepreneurial teams (leading the business with one or more team members) with passion for entrepreneurship. Logistic regression was used to test the hypotheses.Findings– Results from logistic regression support the hypotheses with three findings: the longer the individual has had the side business, the less likely passion to be the main motive behind entrepreneurship; passion is less likely to be the main motive behind entrepreneurship among those who are part of an entrepreneurial team; and, involvement in an entrepreneurial team strengthens the negative association between entrepreneurial tenure and passion for entrepreneurship.Research limitations/implications– The data are limited to the creative sector in Sweden and to the hybrid entrepreneurship context.Practical implications– The results support the impact of choice overload and the notions that entrepreneurship passion will decrease the longer the business is up running and if the venturing occurs with another team member. In practice, this means that interventions for re-kindling passion in entrepreneurship should focus on dealing with choice overload under conditions of long-term tenure and team-funded ventures. If entrepreneurs want to maintain high levels of passion, quick and isolated entrepreneurial processes reduce the choice overload that may threaten maintaining a high passion for entrepreneurship.Originality/value– This study is the first to apply choice theory to an entrepreneurship context and to find support for possible negative effects of choice overload on passion for entrepreneurship.