bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing Food Allergens in the U.K. Retail Supply Chain
Authors: Walker Michael J , Gowland M Hazel , Points John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The U.K. food and grocery market is highly significant financially and dominated by 10 retailers within a regulated and extremely economically competitive environment. We summarize the approach of U.K. retailers to allergen risk assessment (RA) and risk management (RM) within the U.K. legal framework and explore public visibility of retailers’ allergen policies. RA and RM of allergens appear effective in curtailing retail-triggered severe food allergy reactions. However, allergen recalls remain high, precautionary allergen labeling (PAL) remains an area of confusion, and there is no consistent Web-based provision of information for consumers who have allergies. Resolution of PAL awaits an agreed-on threshold framework, but a key challenge is to engage with patients and gain their trust rather than thrust education at them. It would be helpful for retailers to publish their allergen RA and RM policies. A target should be agreed on between government and retailers for a reduction in the proliferation of PAL wording variants by a given date within the next 3 years. A further hurdle is potentially flawed allergen analysis—development of reference methods and reference materials are acknowledged needs. Laboratories should report allergen results in an informative manner, communicating uncertainty and caveats. Ideally a laboratory representative would be included on any incident control team. Efforts must continue to standardize preparedness for protecting and defending food and drink from deliberate attack.
Integrating Allergen Analysis Within a Risk Assessment Framework: Approaches to Development of Targeted Mass Spectrometry Methods for Allergen Detection and Quantification in the iFAAM Project
Authors: Nitride Chiara , Lee Victoria , Baricevic-Jones Ivona , Adel-Patient Karine , Baumgartner Sabine , Mills E N Clare 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Allergen analysis is central to implementing and monitoring food allergen risk assessment and management processes by the food industry, but current methods for the determination of allergens in foods give highly variable results. The European Union-funded “Integrated Approaches to Food Allergen and Allergy Risk Management” (iFAAM) project has been working to address gaps in knowledge regarding food allergen management and analysis, including the development of novel MS and immuno-based allergen determination methods. Common allergenic food ingredients (peanut, hazelnut, walnut, cow’s milk [Bos domesticus], and hen’s egg [Gallus domesticus]) and common food matrixes (chocolate dessert and cookie) have been used for both clinical studies and analytical method development to ensure that the new methods are clinically relevant. Allergen molecules have been used as analytical targets and allergenic ingredients incurred into matrixes at levels close to reference doses that may trigger the use of precautionary allergen labeling. An interlaboratory method comparison has been undertaken for the determination of peanut in chocolate dessert using MS and immuno-based methods. The iFAAM approach has highlighted the need for methods to report test results in allergenic protein. This will allow food business operators to use them in risk assessments that are founded on clinical study data in which protein has been used as a measure of allergenic potency.
Commercial ELISA Measurement of Allergens and Gluten: What We Can Learn from Case Studies
Authors: Lacorn Markus , Lindeke Stella , Siebeneicher Susanne , Weiss Thomas 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
During the last decade, results from ELISA test kits have often been criticized as being flawed. Therefore, it may appear counterintuitive that ELISAs are used for most food allergen and gluten analytical needs. One reason, in addition to the nonavailability of comparable alternative methods, is the fact that the methods used underwent a long validation and learning period in the market. This publication presents several case studies on interference, cross-reactivity issues, calibrators, fragmented allergens and gluten, matrix influences, and misunderstood intended-use statements. Afterward, the relevant validation parameter LOD, LOQ, selectivity, and precision are discussed. Finally, a comprehensive list of practical recommendations for ELISA test kit users is presented.
Development and Validation of a Quantitative ELISA for the Detection of Almond Residues in Foods
Authors: Slotwinski Ewa , Almy Dave , Viator Ryan , Abouzied Mohamed , Klein Frank , Rice Jennifer 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Neogen Corp. has developed Veratox for Almond Allergen for use in the quantitative analysis and screening of almond protein residues in food products, such as cookies, crackers, chocolate bars, cereals, beverages, and clean-in-place rinses. Quantitation with Veratox for Almond Allergen ranges from 2.5 to 25 ppm and, with dilution, it can be extended for highly positive samples. This paper describes the findings of internal testing and validation studies designed to establish product claims for the assay of Veratox for Almond Allergen.
Allergens: An Enhanced Focus
Authors: Spotz Kristen 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Food Allergy Awareness Week was created with the purpose of placing a spotlight on the seriousness of food allergies. Recognized in the United States in mid-May every year, Food Allergy Awareness Week serves as a reminder of the over 15 million Americans who suffer from food allergies. The importance of allergies and allergen labeling can be seen when looking at U.S. Food and Drug Administration recall data: of the 764 recalls in 2016, 305 (representing more than 40%) were due to undeclared allergens. However, recalls for undeclared allergens are a complex issue with numerous factors. The implementation of prevention-based systems with the necessary management components and further error-proofing the systems, along with allergen awareness embedded throughout a company’s food safety culture, can likely help reduce the number of recalls for undeclared allergens. As a resource to manufacturers, the Grocery Manufacturers Association and the Food Allergy Research and Resource Program have developed several resources to assist with developing robust allergen management programs. By reducing the number of recalls for undeclared allergens, the food industry will likely increase and maintain consumer confidence and trust of the food-allergic community. This enhanced consumer confidence and trust could eventually open the door for further collaboration with the food-allergic community and, potentially, advance allergen-related policies.
El marketing urbano como herramienta de apoyo a la gestión del turismo de ciudad, estudio de un caso; el patrimonio industrial
Authors: Anguiano Aldama Rigoberto , Pancorbo Sandoval C. José Armando 
Published: December 2017

El desarrollo urbanístico a nivel internacional afronta varios retos entre los que se
encuentra la reutilización de antiguos espacios industriarles abandonados o en declive.
Generar nuevos usos y lugares a partir de las huellas de la industrialización implica dotar a
estos espacios de nuevos valores de carácter patrimonial y una de las herramientas que hacen
posible este hecho, es la utilización del Marketing Urbano que posibilita alternativas para la
toma de decisiones a los actores locales, quienes deciden qué hacer con estas antiguas
instalaciones industriales. El objetivo principal de este artículo es exponer las ventajas de
aplicar el marketing urbano para poder definir el empleo más adecuado para estas zonas que
tuvieron un gran valor en su momento y que ahora pueden erigirse como parte del patrimonio,
identidad y memoria colectiva de una ciudad.
The urban development at the international level faces several challenges including the reuse of old industrial sites abandoned or in decline. Generate new uses and places from the traces of industrialization means to provide these spaces for new values of economic nature and one of the tools that make this possible. The use of Urban Marketing enables alternatives for decision-making to local players, who decide what to do with these old industrial premises. The main objective of this article is to expose the benefits of implementing urban marketing, in order to define the most appropriate use for these areas that were a great value at the time and now can be erected as part of the heritage, identity and collective memory of a city.
El desenvolupament urbanístic a nivell internacional afronta varis reptes entre els que es troba la reutilització d’antics espais industrials abandonats o en declivi. Generar nous usos i llocs a partir de les petjades de la industrialització implica dotar a aquests espais de nous valors de caràcter patrimonial i una de les eines que fan possible aquest fet, és la utilització del Marketing Urbà, que possibilita alternatives per la presa de decisions als actors locals, els quals decideixen què fer amb aquestes antigues instal·lacions industrials. L’objectiu principal d’aquest article és exposar les avantatges d’aplicar el marketing urbà per poder definir el treball més adequat per aquestes zones que van tindre un gran valor en el seu moment i que ara poden erigir-se com part del patrimoni, identitat i memòria col·lectiva d’una ciutat.
La représentation des drogues dans l’histoire des sociétés. Le cas français
Authors: Nourrisson Didier 
Published: December 2017

L’histoire des drogues se fond dans l’histoire des hommes. Le mot lui-même mélange santé (médicament) et maladie (toxique), bien-être et mal-être, humanité et dangerosité sociale. Les drogues et leurs usagers sont abondamment montrés dans la littérature et les arts. Leur présence même vaut la définition des normes de vie en société : tolérance ou intolérance, sociabilité ou disqualification sociale, intégration ou exclusion. Elles permettent même d’étudier les consommations et leurs représentations sous l’angle du genre. Question d’époque.
Trois périodes sont en effet considérées : un temps où la curiosité pour les drogues le dispute à l’enthousiasme et où le savoir-vivre passe par l’échange entre pairs (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle) ; un temps où les drogues, sous l’effet de la démocratisation de leurs usages, commencent à inquiéter la gent médicale (XIXe siècle) ; un temps enfin où la réglementation, voire l’interdiction des drogues (stupéfiants, alcool et tabac) provoque la disqualification sociale des usagers.
Changements climatiques : défis et perspectives pour les plantes vasculaires en situation précaire au Québec
Authors: Gendreau Yanick , Lachance Audrey , Ricard Marylène , Gilbert Hélène , Casajus Nicolas , Berteaux Dominique 
Published: December 2017

Les espèces en situation précaire comptent parmi les plus sensibles aux changements climatiques. Nous avons documenté les effets potentiels de ceux-ci sur les 409 plantes vasculaires en situation précaire au Québec. Nous avons quantifié les modifications potentielles des aires de répartition de 131 d’entre elles avec des modèles de niche bioclimatique et évalué la vulnérabilité des 409 plantes avec un indice de vulnérabilité aux changements climatiques. Nos résultats suggèrent que les conditions climatiques pourraient devenir favorables à plusieurs plantes en situation précaire au Québec. La province pourrait devenir un refuge climatique pour celles pour lesquelles les conditions climatiques deviendraient défavorables aux États-Unis. Toutefois, notre étude révèle que la vitesse de déplacement des niches bioclimatiques des plantes risque de dépasser largement leur capacité de déplacement. Ainsi, il pourrait être impossible pour celles-ci d’étendre naturellement leur répartition dans la province. De plus, 57,7 % des espèces étudiées sont considérées comme vulnérables aux changements climatiques. Les plus vulnérables sont celles ayant une répartition périphérique sud et celles associées aux habitats arctiques-alpins, à l’estuaire et au golfe du Saint-Laurent. Des recommandations sont formulées afin d’intégrer des stratégies d’adaptation aux changements climatiques à la gestion des plantes vasculaires en situation précaire et de leurs habitats au Québec.
Effets du réseau routier sur la connectivité des frayères du grand brochet (Esox lucius) au lac Saint-Pierre (fleuve Saint-Laurent, Canada)
Authors: Le Pichon Céline , Mingelbier Marc , Legros Maëlle , Foubert Aline , Brodeur Philippe 
Published: December 2017

Afin de compléter le portrait des pressions agissant sur les habitats aquatiques de la plaine d’inondation du lac Saint-Pierre, une analyse géomatique avancée évalue les effets du réseau routier sur la connectivité des frayères et des nourriceries du grand brochet (Esox lucius). Les résultats révèlent des effets négatifs sur les habitats à fort potentiel lorsque le débit à Sorel dépasse 12 000 m3.s−1 (récurrence : de 1 à 2 ans), créant des pertes directes au niveau des emprises (maximum : 142 ha) et de la fragmentation entre les habitats situés de part et d’autre des routes (maximum : 39 ha). Ces effets, principalement circonscrits dans la région nord-ouest du lac, dépendent largement des conditions hydrologiques entre la période de fraie et la première semaine de vie des larves. Les mesures de connectivité soulignent l’importance des ponceaux fonctionnels et du réseau hydrographique de la zone littorale, éléments essentiels à l’interconnexion des habitats. Il apparaît que les répercussions du réseau routier, bien qu’elles soient moindres que celles provoquées par les pratiques agricoles intensives ou encore par la régularisation du débit, demeurent non négligeables. La présente étude identifie les habitats à fort potentiel et des corridors de connectivité constituant des milieux prioritaires à protéger ou à restaurer.
Géopolitique de l’Ukraine
Authors: Lahille Éric 
Published: December 2017

L’article questionne la pertinence heuristique des approches géopolitiques occidentales dominantes de la crise ukrainienne au regard de leurs fondements épistémologiques. Dérivés de paradigmes de Relations internationales controversés, les discours aujourd’hui les plus influents, d’essence culturaliste, peinent à dépasser les biais méthodologiques et les limites des approches idéalistes, étatistes ou néo-réalistes. L’essai de déconstruction des différentes modélisations met en évidence une même conception ethnocentriste et normative de l’ordre mondial servant de substrat à une véritable « convention hégémoniste ». Mais cette vision des relations internationales, organisée autour du présupposé de la prééminence états-unienne, ne permet pas de penser la complexité d’un conflit qui ne se réduit ni à l’impérialisme séculaire russe ni au simple retour de la guerre froide.
Le traité de Lisbonne et le droit international de l’investissement
Authors: Beaumier Guillaume 
Published: December 2017

Le droit international des investissements a connu une évolution exponentielle au cours des deux dernières décennies. Avec plus de 3 000 accords et une abondante jurisprudence, certains qualifient ce système de chaotique et d’instable. Les divergences entre traités bilatéraux d’investissement et les décisions contraires de tribunaux arbitraux donnent certes cette impression. Cet article sur le développement du modèle de négociation de la Commission européenne, après l’entrée en vigueur du traité de Lisbonne, montre néanmoins que, tout en étant un système décentralisé et flexible, le régime des investissements est en réalité dynamiquement stable et favorise une répétition des normes préexistantes. Le chapitre sur l’investissement du récent Accord économique et commercial global (aecg) montre en effet que, tout en ayant eu l’occasion d’innover, la Commission européenne s’est largement inspirée du complexe institutionnel en place, y compris notamment, mais pas uniquement, le modèle d’accord des États-Unis.
Effect of irrigation frequency on growth and production of a cucumber crop under soilless culture
Authors: Nikolaou Georgios , Neocleous Damianos , Katsoulas Nikolaos , Kittas Constantinos 
Published: December 2017

Three irrigation frequencies were applied on a soilless cucumber crop, in a greenhouse located in the coastal area of southern Cyprus. Irrigation scheduling was based on solar radiation and performed whenever accumulated solar radiation energy outside the greenhouse reached 1.3 MJ m-2 [High Irrigation Frequency (HIF)], 1.9 MJ m-2 [Medium Irrigation Frequency (MIF)] and 3.0 MJ m-2 [Low Irrigation Frequency (LIF)]. The amount of water applied was 0.192 Kg m-2, 0.288 Kg m-2 and 0.448 Kg m-2 for high, medium and low irrigation frequencies, respectively. Appropriately, the total volume of water applied was identical in each of the three cases. In order to study the effects of irrigation frequency on cucumber crops, multiple measurements were taken; the fresh and dry weight of plant organs (i.e. leaves, stem and fruit), marketable fresh yield production, and microclimate variables for a 75 day period, beginning in April and ending in June. The results revealed that the irrigation frequency did not influence the cucumber crop’s growth and production. Plants at LIF were facing water stress conditions, as estimated from leaf temperature and stem micro variation measurements. However, HIF increased the transpiration rate of the plants, resulting in less water and nutrient losses.
Ferrimagnetic Iron Sulfide Formation and Methane Venting Across the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum in Shallow Marine Sediments, Ancient West Siberian Sea
Authors: Rudmin Maxim , Roberts Andrew P. , Horng Chorng‐Shern , Mazurov Aleksey , Savinova Olesya , Ruban Aleksey , Kashapov Roman , Veklich Maxim 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAuthigenesis of ferrimagnetic iron sulfide minerals (greigite and monoclinic pyrrhotite) occurred across the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) within the Bakchar oolitic ironstone in southeastern Western Siberia. Co‐occurrence of these minerals is associated with diagenetic environments that support anaerobic oxidation of methane, which has been validated by methane fluid inclusion analysis in the studied sediments. In modern settings, such ferrimagnetic iron sulfide formation is linked to upward methane diffusion in the presence of minor dissolved sulfide ions. The PETM was the most extreme Cenozoic global warming event and massive methane mobilization has been proposed as a major contributor to the globally observed warming and carbon isotope excursion associated with the PETM. The studied sediments provide rare direct evidence for methane mobilization during the PETM. Magnetic iron sulfide formation associated with methanogenesis in the studied sediments can be explained by enhanced local carbon burial across the PETM. While there is no strong evidence to link local methane venting with more widespread methane mobilization and global warming, the magnetic, petrographic, and geochemical approach used here is applicable to identifying authigenic minerals that provide telltale signatures of methane mobility that can be used to assess methane formation and mobilization through the PETM and other hyperthermal climatic events.
Changes in Fe Oxidation Rate in Hydrothermal Plumes as a Potential Driver of Enhanced Hydrothermal Input to Near‐Ridge Sediments During Glacial Terminations
Authors: Cullen J. T. , Coogan L. A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecent studies have hypothesized that changes in sea level due to glacial‐interglacial cycles lead to changes in the rate of melt addition to the crust at mid‐ocean ridges with globally significant consequences. Arguably the most compelling evidence for this comes from increases in the hydrothermal component in near‐ridge sediments during glacial‐interglacial transitions. Here we explore the hypothesis that changes in ocean bottom water [O2] and pH across glacial‐interglacial transitions would lead to changes in the rate of Fe oxidation in hydrothermal plumes. A simple model shows that a several fold increase in the rate of Fe oxidation is expected at glacial‐interglacial transitions. Uncertainty in bottom water chemistry and the relationship between oxidation and sedimentation rates prevent direct comparison of the model and data. However, it appears that the null hypothesis of invariant hydrothermal vent fluxes into ocean bottom water that changed in O2 content and pH across these transitions cannot currently be discounted.
Rapid Water Transport by Long‐Lasting Modon Eddy Pairs in the Southern Midlatitude Oceans
Authors: Hughes Chris W. , Miller Peter I. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWater in the ocean is generally carried with the mean flow, mixed by eddies, or transported westward by coherent eddies at speeds close to the long baroclinic Rossby wave speed. Modons (dipole eddy pairs) are a theoretically predicted exception to this behavior, which can carry water to the east or west at speeds much larger than the Rossby wave speed, leading to unusual transports of heat, nutrients, and carbon. We provide the first observational evidence of such rapidly moving modons propagating over large distances. These modons are found in the midlatitude oceans around Australia, with one also seen in the South Atlantic west of the Agulhas region. They can travel at more than 10 times the Rossby wave speed of 1–2 cm s−1 and typically persist for about 6 months carrying their unusual water mass properties with them, before splitting into individual vortices, which can persist for many months longer.
Volcano and Ship Tracks Indicate Excessive Aerosol‐Induced Cloud Water Increases in a Climate Model
Authors: Toll Velle , Christensen Matthew , Gassó Santiago , Bellouin Nicolas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAerosol‐cloud interaction is the most uncertain mechanism of anthropogenic radiative forcing of Earth's climate, and aerosol‐induced cloud water changes are particularly poorly constrained in climate models. By combining satellite retrievals of volcano and ship tracks in stratocumulus clouds, we compile a unique observational data set and confirm that liquid water path (LWP) responses to aerosols are bidirectional, and on average the increases in LWP are closely compensated by the decreases. Moreover, the meteorological parameters controlling the LWP responses are strikingly similar between the volcano and ship tracks. In stark contrast to observations, there are substantial unidirectional increases in LWP in the Hadley Centre climate model, because the model accounts only for the decreased precipitation efficiency and not for the enhanced entrainment drying. If the LWP increases in the model were compensated by the decreases as the observations suggest, its indirect aerosol radiative forcing in stratocumulus regions would decrease by 45%.