bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assisted and unassisted suicide in men and women: Longitudinal study of the Swiss population
Authors: Steck Nicole , Egger Matthias , Zwahlen Marcel 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundIn Switzerland assisted suicide is legal if no self-interest is involved.AimsTo compare the strength and direction of associations with sociodemographic factors between assisted and unassisted suicides.MethodWe calculated rates and used Cox and logistic regression models in a longitudinal study of the Swiss population.ResultsAnalyses were based on 5 004 403 people, 1301 assisted and 5708 unassisted suicides from 2003 to 2008. The rate of unassisted suicides was higher in men than in women, rates of assisted suicides were similar in men and women. Higher education was positively associated with assisted suicide, but negatively with unassisted. Living alone, having no children and no religious affiliation were associated with higher rates of both.ConclusionsSome situations that indicate greater vulnerability such as living alone were associated with both assisted and unassisted suicide. Among the terminally ill, women were more likely to choose assisted suicide, whereas men died more often by unassisted suicide.
An exploratory randomised trial of a simple, brief psychological
intervention to reduce subsequent suicidal ideation and behaviour in
patients admitted to hospital for self-harm
Authors: Armitage Christopher J. , Rahim Wirda Abdul , Rowe Richard , O'Connor Rory C. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundImplementation intentions link triggers for self-harm with coping skills
and appear to create an automatic tendency to invoke coping responses
when faced with a triggering situation.AimsTo test the effectiveness of implementation intentions in reducing
suicidal ideation and behaviour in a high-risk group.MethodTwo hundred and twenty-six patients who had self-harmed were randomised
to: (a) forming implementation intentions with a ‘volitional help sheet’;
(b) self-generating implementation intentions without help; or (c)
thinking about triggers and coping, but not forming implementation
intentions. We measured self-reported suicidal ideation and behaviour,
threats of suicide and likelihood of future suicide attempt at baseline
and then again at the 3-month follow-up.ResultsAll suicide-related outcome measures were significantly lower at
follow-up among patients forming implementation intentions compared with
those in the control condition (ds>0.35). The
volitional help sheet resulted in fewer suicide threats
(d = 0.59) and lowered the likelihood of future
suicide attempts (d = 0.29) compared with patients who
self-generated implementation intentions.ConclusionsImplementation intention-based interventions, particularly when supported
by a volitional help sheet, show promise in reducing future suicidal
ideation and behaviour.
Altered Plasma Levels of Glucagon, GLP-1 and Glicentin During OGTT in Adolescents With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Manell Hannes , Staaf Johan , Manukyan Levon , Kristinsson Hjalti , Cen Jing , Stenlid Rasmus , Ciba Iris , Forslund Anders , Bergsten Peter 
Published: January 2016

AbstractContext:Proglucagon-derived hormones are important for glucose metabolism, but little is known about them in pediatric obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Objective:Fasting and postprandial levels of proglucagon-derived peptides glucagon, GLP-1, and glicentin in adolescents with obesity across the glucose tolerance spectrum were investigated.Design:This was a cross-sectional study with plasma hormone levels quantified at fasting and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Setting:This study took place in a pediatric obesity clinic at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.Patients and Participants:Adolescents with obesity, age 10–18 years, with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 23), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 19), or T2DM (n = 4) and age-matched lean adolescents (n = 19) were included.Main Outcome Measures:Outcome measures were fasting and OGTT plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, active GLP-1, and glicentin.Results:Adolescents with obesity and IGT had lower fasting GLP-1 and glicentin levels than those with NGT (0.25 vs 0.53 pM, P &lt; .05; 18.2 vs 23.6 pM, P &lt; .01) and adolescents with obesity and T2DM had higher fasting glucagon levels (18.1 vs 10.1 pM, P &lt; .01) than those with NGT. During OGTT, glicentin/glucagon ratios were lower in adolescents with obesity and NGT than in lean adolescents (P &lt; .01) and even lower in IGT (P &lt; .05) and T2DM (P &lt; .001).Conclusions:Obese adolescents with IGT have lowered fasting GLP-1 and glicentin levels. In T2DM, fasting glucagon levels are elevated, whereas GLP-1 and glicentin levels are maintained low. During OGTT, adolescents with obesity have more products of pancreatically than intestinally cleaved proglucagon (ie, more glucagon and less GLP-1) in the plasma. This shift becomes more pronounced when glucose tolerance deteriorates.
Structural Analysis on the Pathologic Mutant Glucocorticoid Receptor Ligand-Binding Domains
Authors: Hurt Darrell E. , Suzuki Shigeru , Mayama Takafumi , Charmandari Evangelia , Kino Tomoshige 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGlucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene mutations may cause familial or sporadic generalized glucocorticoid resistance syndrome. Most of the missense forms distribute in the ligand-binding domain and impair its ligand-binding activity and formation of the activation function (AF)-2 that binds LXXLL motif-containing coactivators. We performed molecular dynamics simulations to ligand-binding domain of pathologic GR mutants to reveal their structural defects. Several calculated parameters including interaction energy for dexamethasone or the LXXLL peptide indicate that destruction of ligand-binding pocket (LBP) is a primary character. Their LBP defects are driven primarily by loss/reduction of the electrostatic interaction formed by R611 and T739 of the receptor to dexamethasone and a subsequent conformational mismatch, which deacylcortivazol resolves with its large phenylpyrazole moiety and efficiently stimulates transcriptional activity of the mutant receptors with LBP defect. Reduced affinity of the LXXLL peptide to AF-2 is caused mainly by disruption of the electrostatic bonds to the noncore leucine residues of this peptide that determine the peptide's specificity to GR, as well as by reduced noncovalent interaction against core leucines and subsequent exposure of the AF-2 surface to solvent. The results reveal molecular defects of pathologic mutant receptors and provide important insights to the actions of wild-type GR.
Pulmonary transcriptome analysis in the rabbit model of surgically-induced diaphragmatic hernia treated with fetal tracheal occlusion
Authors: Engels Alexander C. , Brady Paul D. , Kammoun Molka , Ferreiro Julio Finalet , DeKoninck Philip , Endo Masayuki , Toelen Jaan , Vermeesch Joris R. , Deprest Jan 
Published: January 2016

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a malformation leading to pulmonary hypoplasia which can be treated in utero by fetal tracheal occlusion (TO). However the changes of gene expression induced by TO remain largely unknown but could be used to further improve the clinically used prenatal treatment of this devastating malformation. Therefore we aimed to investigate the pulmonary transcriptome changes due to surgical induction of diaphragmatic hernia (DH) and additional tracheal occlusion in the fetal rabbit model.Induction of DH was associated with 378 up-regulated genes compared to controls when allowing a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.1 and a Fold Change (FC) of 2. Those genes were again down-regulated by consecutive TO. But DH+TO was associated with an up-regulation of 157 genes compared to DH and controls. When being compared to control lungs, 106 genes were down-regulated in the DH group and were not changed by TO. Therefore, the overall pattern of gene expression in DH+TO is more similar to the control group then to the DH group. In this study we further provide a database of gene expression changes induced by surgical creation of DH and consecutive TO in the rabbit model. Future treatment strategies could be developed using this dataset. We also discuss the most relevant genes that are involved in CDH.
Third harmonic generation microscopy of cells and tissue organization
Authors: Weigelin Bettina , Bakker Gert-Jan , Friedl Peter 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The interaction of cells within their microenvironmental niche is fundamental to cell migration, positioning, growth and differentiation in order to form and maintain complex tissue organization and function. Third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy is a label-free scatter process that is elicited by water-lipid and water-protein interfaces, including intra- and extracellular membranes, and extracellular matrix structures. In applied life sciences, THG delivers a versatile contrast modality to complement multi-parameter fluorescence, second harmonic generation and fluorescence lifetime microscopy, which allows detection of cellular and molecular cell functions in three-dimensional tissue culture and small animals. In this Commentary, we review the physical and technical basis of THG, and provide considerations for optimal excitation, detection and interpretation of THG signals. We further provide an overview on how THG has versatile applications in cell and tissue research, with a particular focus on analyzing tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis, immune cell function and cancer research, as well as the emerging applicability of THG in clinical practice.
Computational ‘microscopy’ of cellular membranes
Authors: Ingólfsson Helgi I. , Arnarez Clément , Periole Xavier , Marrink Siewert J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Computational ‘microscopy’ refers to the use of computational resources to simulate the dynamics of a molecular system. Tuned to cell membranes, this computational ‘microscopy’ technique is able to capture the interplay between lipids and proteins at a spatio-temporal resolution that is unmatched by other methods. Recent advances allow us to zoom out from individual atoms and molecules to supramolecular complexes and subcellular compartments that contain tens of millions of particles, and to capture the complexity of the crowded environment of real cell membranes. This Commentary gives an overview of the main concepts of computational ‘microscopy’ and describes the state-of-the-art methods used to model cell membrane processes. We illustrate the power of computational modelling approaches by providing a few in-depth examples of large-scale simulations that move up from molecular descriptions into the subcellular arena. We end with an outlook towards modelling a complete cell in silico.
Analysis of 2013 civil servant selection examination biology test questions according to teacher content knowledge competencies and revised Bloom taxonomy<p>2013 Kamu personeli seçme sınavı biyoloji alan bilgisi sorularının biyoloji öğretmenliği alan bilgisi yeterliklerine ve yenilenmiş Bloom taksonomisine göre analizi
Authors: Kala Aylin , Çakır Mustafa 
Published: January 2016

<p>The purpose of this study is to analyze questions of 2013 biology content knowledge test in civil servant selection examination (KPSS) according to performance indicators in biology teachers’ content knowledge competencies and knowledge and cognitive processes dimensions in revised Bloom taxonomy. In this qualitative research descriptive content analysis approach is employed and data is collected through document analysis. According to results questions reflected only 50% (17 of 34) biology teachers’ performance indicators identified by the National Ministry of Education. Additionally, questions did not homogenously represent levels of knowledge and cognitive processes dimensions of revised Bloom taxonomy. In cognitive processes dimension questions were mostly in category of understanding (42%) and there was not any question in either categories evaluate or create. In knowledge dimension questions were mostly in conceptual category (75%) and there was not any question that required metacognitive knowledge. Both performance indicators and knowledge levels should be better considered in preparation of such a high stake exam.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2013 Kamu Personeli Seçme Sınavı’nın biyoloji alan bilgisi sorularını biyoloji öğretmenliği alan bilgisi yeterliklerinde yer alan performans göstergelerine ve Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisinin bilgi ve bilişsel süreç boyutlarına göre incelemektir. Bu araştırmada eğitim çalışmalarında sıklıkla kullanılan betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman incelemesi ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda test içerisindeki soruların biyoloji öğretmenliği alan bilgisi yeterliklerini oluşturan 34 performans göstergesinden 17 tanesini (%50’sini) yokladığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, biyoloji alan bilgisi sorularının Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisinin bilgi ve bilişsel süreç boyutlarının her evresini homojen olarak yansıtmadığı görülmüştür. Bilişsel süreç boyutunda en çok sorunun Anla (%42,5) basamağında olduğu; Değerlendir ve Yarat basamaklarında soru sorulmadığı; bilgi boyutunda ise en çok sorunun Kavramsal Bilgi (%75) türünden geldiği buna karşılık Üstbilişsel Bilgi türüne ait hiçbir sorunun sorulmadığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda KPSS biyoloji alan bilgisi sorularının hazırlanırken biyoloji öğretmenliği özel alan yeterlikleri ve Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisinin bilgi ve bilişsel süreç boyutlarının göz önünde bulundurulması önerilmiştir.</p>
Identification of Individuals With Undiagnosed Diabetes and Pre‐Diabetes in a Danish Cohort Attending Dental Treatment
Authors: Holm Niels‐Christian Reimers , Belstrøm Daniel , Østergaard Jakob Appel , Schou Søren , Holmstrup Palle , Grauballe Morten Bay 
Published: January 2016

Background: It is estimated that 3.6% and 13.6% of the Danish population have undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes, respectively. Periodontitis is an established complication associated with diabetes (DM). Identification of individuals with DM and prediabetes is important to reduce DM‐related complications, including periodontitis. The objective of this study is to identify individuals with undiagnosed DM or prediabetes among patients attending a dental setting for diagnosis and treatment.Methods: A total of 291 adults with no history of DM was included in the study (periodontitis patients: n = 245; non‐periodontitis control individuals: n = 46). Participants answered questionnaires concerning general health, including family history of DM. Body mass index, waist circumference, fat percentage, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level were recorded chairside. Periodontal examination was performed and radiographic bone level measured. All individuals were informed about their HbA1c test result and were referred to their physician if HbA1c level was above guideline levels for DM or prediabetes according to the American Diabetes Association.Results: Nine (3.1%) and 79 (27.1%) individuals were identified with HbA1c levels corresponding to guideline levels for DM and prediabetes, respectively. Higher proportions of patients with undiagnosed DM and prediabetes were observed in the periodontitis group (32.7%) than in the control group (17.4%) (P = 0.054). Identification of DM and prediabetes based on a diagnosis of periodontitis yielded a sensitivity of 0.91 and a specificity of 0.19.Conclusions: This study confirms that individuals with undiagnosed DM and prediabetes can be identified in the dental office by chairside recordings of HbA1c levels. Routine measurement of HbA1c levels in dental offices, eventually restricted to those at risk, may help identification of individuals with DM and prediabetes at early stages of disease, which may prevent future complications.
Combination of Controlled Release Platelet‐Rich Plasma Alginate Beads and Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Fernandes Gabriela , Wang Changdong , Yuan Xue , Liu Zunpeng , Dziak Rosemary , Yang Shuying 
Published: January 2016

Background: Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) consists of platelet‐derived growth factor and transforming growth factor‐β that increase proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), whereas bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP2) promotes osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. However, the high degradation rate of fibrin leads to the dissociation of cytokines even before the process of bone regeneration begins. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the combined effect of sustained release of PRP from alginate beads on BMP2‐modified MSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro and sustained release of PRP alone on a fracture defect model ex vivo as well as its effect on calvarial suture closure.Methods: After optimizing the alginate concentration for microspheres, the combined osteogenic and mineralization effect of PRP and BMP2 on MSCs was studied. Self‐setting alginate hydrogel carrying PRP was tested on a femur defect model ex vivo. The effect of PRP at day 15 on the closure of the embryonic mouse calvaria sutures ex vivo was also studied.Results: Increase of PRP concentration promoted proliferation of MSCs, and 2.5% to 10% of PRP gradually increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Sustained release of PRP and BMP2 demonstrated significantly higher ALP and mineralization activity (P <0.05). Radiographs of alginate hydrogel with PRP‐treated bone demonstrated nearly complete healing of the fracture, and histologic sections of the embryonic calvaria revealed that PRP leads to suture fusion.Conclusion: Sustained release of PRP along with BMP2‐modified MSCs can significantly promote bone regeneration.
Prospective Clinical and Radiographic Study of Alveolar Ridge Preservation Combining Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft With Two Xenogeneic Collagen Matrices
Authors: Parashis Andreas O. , Hawley Charles E. , Stark Paul C. , Ganguly Rumpa , Hanley James B. , Steffensen Bjorn 
Published: January 2016

Background: Tooth extractions are followed by significant dimensional changes in the alveolar crest that may preclude implant placement. This randomized, controlled, prospective compares the preservation of soft and hard tissue dimensional changes after alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) using two membranes consisting of collagen matrix (CM) or extracellular matrix (ECM) as barriers over freeze‐dried bone allograft (FDBA).Methods: Standardized clinical and radiographic measurements of soft and hard tissues were recorded by means of a stent before and 4 months after ARP. The surgery entailed sulcular incisions with minimal flap elevation and repositioning without advancement.Results: Of 11 patients in the CM group and 12 in the ECM group who completed the study, gingival thickness (GT) increased from 0.1 to 0.2 mm for both groups along with a 0.5‐mm decrease in the width of keratinized tissue after healing. Reductions in ridge width were most pronounced on the coronal aspect, 1.8 mm for CM and 2.0 mm for ECM, whereas vertical reduction was most pronounced on the buccal aspect, 0.7 to 1.0 mm. Differences between groups were not statistically significant. However, significant correlation for changes in GT (P = 0.001) and crestal bone width (P = 0.002) with preoperative buccal plate thickness (BPT) was observed.Conclusions: Both xenogeneic collagen matrices combined with FDBA were effective in maintaining soft tissues and minimizing ridge resorption in all dimensions after ARP. BPT was an important determinant for amount of change in crestal GT and ridge width.
Use of Sliding Sleeve Valves in Long Laterals for Control of Production, Injection and Stimulation
Authors: Hajjar Hadi , Al-Azizi Badr 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Though extended reach completion has become more common in Abu Dhabi and the region, there are still challenges to overcome in completing of the lower completion in order to have better control on production, injection and stimulation, especially, when the reservoir characteristics vary along the lateral.
Multiple horizontal wells with different lower completion design have been drilled and completed in the region, e.g. Pre-Perforated Liner (PPL), Limited Entry Liner (LEL), Inflow Control Device (ICD's) & Inflow Control Valve's (ICVs). All of these laterals have been designed to have multiple compartments with certain separation in order to control the stimulation job either by bullheading (pumping from surface) and/or using coiled tubing (acid wash).
All these designs have limitations in either the control or in the number of compartments. Particularly, when early water breakthrough in the producer wells, PPL/LEL are effective, ICD completed wells are not the best for the stimulation jobs, while the ICV completed wells have a restriction in the number of compartments, high temperature wells and liner running.
This paper is to share not only the knowledge but also the complete well design of the Sliding Sleeve Valves (SSVs) lower completion along with the upper completion design and to illustrate how the design will add value to the field development.
Extruded contents of colloid cysts after endoscopic removal
Authors: Abdel Latif Assem M. , Souweidane Mark M. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
Mineralized or desiccated colloid cysts pose some unique challenges to endoscopic removal. The extrusion of the solid matrix into the intraventricular compartment has not been previously reported and, as such, no guidance exists regarding its predilection, prevention, and fate.

METHODS
Postoperative imaging studies in a registry of patients undergoing endoscopic removal of colloid cyst were reviewed to detect any solid matrix within the ventricular compartment. Preoperative images and operative notes were used to determine if any features were predictive. Serial postoperative images and clinical notes were used to characterize the implications of these findings.

RESULTS
From a review of 94 patients, 10 (10.6%) patients had evidence of an extruded intraventricular solid fragment (median follow-up 4 months; range 0.5–115 months). Of the evaluable patients, 7 of 9 patients had T1-weighted hyperintense and T2-weighted hypointense cysts on preoperative scans. Seventy-eight percent of the extrusions were on the same side as the endoscopic entry. Three patients demonstrated early fragment migration, but not after 8 months of radiological follow-up. All evaluable patients demonstrated improvement in their hydrocephalus, and none suffered a complication attributable to the intraventricular extruded fragments.

CONCLUSIONS
Intraventricular extruded colloid fragments can occur after endoscopic resection, with the possible risk demonstrated as cyst hypointensity on preoperative T2-weighted images. The finding does not seem to result in any clinical morbidity, and radiographic involution is the rule. Migratory capacity, however, does exist and justifies a more frequent imaging surveillance schedule and consideration for removal.