bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 3‐Methyl‐2‐oxopyrazolidinium Ylides with Phenylsulfonylacrylonitriles.
Authors: Dueruest Yasar , Sagirli Eda , Sagirli Akin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractYlides (I) undergo 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with acrylonitriles (II) to give the regioisomers (III) exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Regioselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Arene‐Diazonium Salts with 2,2,2‐Trifluorodiazoethane (CF3CHN2): A Facile Access to 2‐Aryl‐5‐trifluoromethyltetrazoles.
Authors: Chen Zhen , Fan Shuang‐Qing , Zheng Yan , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe title tetrazoles are regioselectively obtained from various aryl and heteroaryl diazonium salts with good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Annulations: An Efficient Strategy for the Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3‐b]pyrrolidine Derivatives.
Authors: Qi Jing , Duan Xiao‐Yong , Cao Li‐Li , Wang Wen‐Ying 
Published: February 2016

Abstracto‐Hydroxy aromatic aldimines are treated with alkynyl aldehydes under conditions A) to produce the desired heterocyclic scaffold as important structural motif in bioactive compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Access to 1,2‐Pyrrole‐Annulated Benzazepines Through a Broensted Acid Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral Domino Reaction.
Authors: Wang Peng‐Fei , Huang Ya‐Ping , Wen Xiaoan , Sun Hongbin , Xu Qing‐Long 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe reaction under conditions A) leads to the desired N‐heterocyclic skeleton which is of pharmaceutical interest (reaction mechanism).
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of 2‐(2‐Bromobenzylidene)cyclobutanone with 2‐Alkynylphenol.
Authors: Pan Xiaolin , Luo Yong , Xia Hong‐Guang , Wu Jie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFused polycycles are easily obtained starting from readily available materials involving the highly efficient formation of three bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,4‐Triazole‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Nickel Complexes — Synthesis and Catalytic Application.
Authors: Bheeter Linus P. , Wei Duo , Dorcet Vincent , Roisnel Thierry , Ghosh Prasenjit , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste , Darcel Christophe 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFour nickel complexes bearing 1,2,4‐triazole‐based N‐heterocyclic carbene backbones and a cyclopentadienyl ligand are prepared from the corresponding 1,2,4‐triazolium salts and nickelocene in tetrahydrofuran under reflux.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Esterification of P(O)—OH Compounds with Phenols.
Authors: Xiong Biquan , Zeng Kui , Zhang Shanshan , Zhou Yongbo , Au Chak‐Tong , Yin Shuang‐Feng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe method avoids the use of air sensitive reagents and allows the O‐aryl esterification of P(O)‐OH compounds to form O‐aryl phosphinates, phosphonates, and phosphates.
ChemInform Abstract: ent‐Kauranoids Isolated from Isodon eriocalyx var. laxiflora and Their Structure Activity Relationship Analyses.
Authors: Pu Jian‐Xin , et al.  
Published: February 2016

Abstract39 ent‐Kauranoids are isolated, including 17 new neolaxiflorins I—Y with a structure similar to neoflaxiflorin Q (I) and O (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Unsaturated Polyfluoroalkyl Ketones in the Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Bearing Heterocycles
Authors: Rulev A. Yu. , Romanov A. R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractReview: recent achievements and new developments in the synthesis of polyfluorinated aza‐heterocycles based on fluorine‐bearing enones and ynones; 128 refs.
Proposal for a permanent magnet system with a constant gradient mechanically adjustable in direction and strength
Authors: BlüMler Peter 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTA design for a permanent magnet system is proposed that generates spatially homogeneous, constant magnetic field gradients, thus creating conditions suitable for MRI without gradient coils and amplifiers. This is achieved by superimposing a weak Halbach quadrupole on a strong Halbach dipole. Rotation of either the quadrupole or the entire magnet assembly can be used to generate two‐dimensional images via filtered backprojection. Additionally, the mutual rotation of two quadrupoles can be used to scale the resulting gradient. If both gradients have identical strength the gradient can even be made to vanish. The concept is demonstrated by analytical considerations and FEM simulations. However, a demonstration on a working prototype is still pending. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 46B: 41–48, 2016
Evaluation of intermodel agreement using ISO 13655 M0, M1, and M2 measurement modes in commercial spectrophotometers
Authors: Sharma Abhay , Leung Elaine , Adams Richard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSpectrophotometers are routinely used for color measurement and color management in many commercial printing and proofing workflows. In the case of media containing optical brightening agents, ultraviolet (UV)‐induced fluorescence has led to poor levels of agreement between models from different manufacturers, and different models from the same manufacturer. A relevant standard, ISO 13655, has been revised and now clearly defines measurement modes and conditions for the UV component in spectrophotometers. ISO 13655:2009—Graphic Technology—Spectral Measurement and Colorimetric Computation for Graphic Arts Images now defines four measurement modes: M0, M1, M2, and M3. The intermodel difference between 10 commercially available spectrophotometers is evaluated for different substrate types in measurement modes (M0, M1, and M2) as allowed by each instrument. In particular, the authors compare devices using M0 legacy mode versus newer instruments that are compliant with the new M1 and M2 (UV‐included and UV‐excluded) measurement modes. A finding with significant practical applications is that there is greatly improved intermodel agreement between the new generation of ISO 13655‐compliant instruments in M1 (D50) mode when compared with the previous generation of hand‐held spectrophotometers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 27–37, 2017
Absorption Spectroscopy Analysis of Calcium–Phosphate Glasses Highly Doped with Monovalent Copper
Authors: Jiménez José A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCaO–P2O5 glasses with high concentrations of monovalent copper ions were prepared by a simple melt–quench method through CuO and SnO co‐doping. Spectroscopic characterization was carried out by optical absorption with the aim of analyzing the effects of Cu+ ions on the optical band‐gap energies, which were estimated on the basis of indirect–allowed transitions. The copper(I) content is estimated in the CuO/SnO‐containing glasses after the assessment of the concentration dependence of Cu2+ absorption in the visible region for CuO singly doped glasses. An exponential dependence of the change in optical band gaps (relative to the host) with Cu+ concentration is inferred up to about 10 mol %. However, the entire range is divided into two distinct linear regions that are characterized by different rates of change with respect to concentration: 1) below 5 mol %, where the linear dependence presents a relatively high magnitude of the slope; and 2) from 5–10 mol %, where a lower magnitude of the slope is manifested. With increasing concentration, the mean Cu+−Cu+ interionic distance decreases, thereby decreasing the sensitivity of monovalent copper for light absorption. The decrease in optical band‐gap energies is ultimately shown to follow a linear dependence with the interionic distance, suggesting the potential of the approach to gauge the concentration of monovalent copper straightforwardly in amorphous hosts.
Efficient and Scalable Production of 2D Material Dispersions using Hexahydroxytriphenylene as a Versatile Exfoliant and Dispersant
Authors: Liu Gang , Komatsu Naoki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThin‐layer 2D materials have been attracting enormous interest, and various processes have been investigated to obtain these materials efficiently. In view of their practical applications, the most desirable source for the preparation of these thin‐layer materials is the pristine bulk materials with stacked layers, such as pristine graphite. There are many options in terms of conditions for the exfoliation of thin‐layer materials, and these include wet and dry processes, with or without additives, and the kind of solvent. In this context, we found that the versatile exfoliant hexahydroxytriphenylene works efficiently for the exfoliation of typical 2D materials such as graphene, MoS2, and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) by both wet and dry processes by using sonication and ball milling, respectively, in aqueous and organic solvents. As for graphene, stable dispersions with relatively high concentrations (up to 0.28 mg mL−1) in water and tetrahydrofuran were obtained from graphite in the presence of hexahydroxytriphenylene by a wet process with the use of bath sonication and by a dry process involving ball milling. Especially, most of the graphite was exfoliated and dispersed as thin‐layer graphene in both aqueous and organic solvents through ball milling, even on a large scale (47–86 % yield). In addition, the exfoliant was easily removed from the precipitated composite by heat treatment without disturbing the graphene structure. Bulk MoS2 and h‐BN were also exfoliated by both wet and dry processes. Similar to graphene, dispersions of MoS2 and h‐BN of high concentrations in water and DMF were produced in high yields through ball milling.
Heritability of symbiont density reveals distinct regulatory mechanisms in a tripartite symbiosis
Authors: Parkinson Jasmine F. , Gobin Bruno , Hughes William O. H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBeneficial eukaryotic–bacterial partnerships are integral to animal and plant evolution. Understanding the density regulation mechanisms behind bacterial symbiosis is essential to elucidating the functional balance between hosts and symbionts. Citrus mealybugs, Planococcus citri (Risso), present an excellent model system for investigating the mechanisms of symbiont density regulation. They contain two obligate nutritional symbionts, Moranella endobia, which resides inside Tremblaya princeps, which has been maternally transmitted for 100–200 million years. We investigate whether host genotype may influence symbiont density by crossing mealybugs from two inbred laboratory‐reared populations that differ substantially in their symbiont density to create hybrids. The density of the M. endobia symbiont in the hybrid hosts matched that of the maternal parent population, in keeping with density being determined either by the symbiont or the maternal genotype. However, the density of the T. princeps symbiont was influenced by the paternal host genotype. The greater dependency of T. princeps on its host may be due to its highly reduced genome. The decoupling of T. princeps and M. endobia densities, in spite of their intimate association, suggests that distinct regulatory mechanisms can be at work in symbiotic partnerships, even when they are obligate and mutualistic.
A comparative phylogeographic study reveals discordant evolutionary histories of alpine ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Weng Yi‐Ming , Yang Man‐Miao , Yeh Wen‐Bin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTaiwan, an island with three major mountain ranges, provides an ideal topography to study mountain–island effect on organisms that would be diversified in the isolation areas. Glaciations, however, might drive these organisms to lower elevations, causing gene flow among previously isolated populations. Two hypotheses have been proposed to depict the possible refugia for alpine organisms during glaciations. Nunatak hypothesis suggests that alpine species might have stayed in situ in high mountain areas during glaciations. Massif de refuge, on the other hand, proposes that alpine species might have migrated to lower ice‐free areas. By sampling five sympatric carabid species of Nebria and Leistus, and using two mitochondrial genes and two nuclear genes, we evaluated the mountain–island effect on alpine carabids and tested the two proposed hypotheses with comparative phylogeographic method. Results from the phylogenetic relationships, network analysis, lineage calibration, and genetic structure indicate that the deep divergence among populations in all L. smetanai, N. formosana, and N. niitakana was subjected to long‐term isolation, a phenomenon in agreement with the nunatak hypothesis. However, genetic admixture among populations of N. uenoiana and some populations of L. nokoensis complex suggests that gene flow occurred during glaciations, as a massif de refuge depicts. The speciation event in N. niitakana is estimated to have occurred before 1.89 million years ago (Mya), while differentiation among isolated populations in N. niitakana, N. formosana, L. smetanai, and L. nokoensis complex might have taken place during 0.65–1.65 Mya. While each of the alpine carabids arriving in Taiwan during different glaciation events acquired its evolutionary history, all of them had confronted the existing mountain ranges.
Population genomics of local adaptation versus speciation in coral reef fishes (Hypoplectrus spp, Serranidae)
Authors: Picq Sophie , McMillan W. Owen , Puebla Oscar 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAre the population genomic patterns underlying local adaptation and the early stages of speciation similar? Addressing this question requires a system in which (i) local adaptation and the early stages of speciation can be clearly identified and distinguished, (ii) the amount of genetic divergence driven by the two processes is similar, and (iii) comparisons can be repeated both taxonomically (for local adaptation) and geographically (for speciation). Here, we report just such a situation in the hamlets (Hypoplectrus spp), brightly colored reef fishes from the wider Caribbean. Close to 100,000 SNPs genotyped in 126 individuals from three sympatric species sampled in three repeated populations provide genome‐wide levels of divergence that are comparable among allopatric populations (Fst estimate = 0.0042) and sympatric species (Fst estimate = 0.0038). Population genetic, clustering, and phylogenetic analyses reveal very similar patterns for local adaptation and speciation, with a large fraction of the genome undifferentiated (Fst estimate ≈ 0), a very small proportion of Fst outlier loci (0.05–0.07%), and remarkably few repeated outliers (1–3). Nevertheless, different loci appear to be involved in the two processes in Hypoplectrus, with only 7% of the most differentiated SNPs and outliers shared between populations and species comparisons. In particular, a tropomyosin (Tpm4) and a previously identified hox (HoxCa) locus emerge as candidate loci (repeated outliers) for local adaptation and speciation, respectively. We conclude that marine populations may be locally adapted notwithstanding shallow levels of genetic divergence, and that from a population genomic perspective, this process does not appear to differ fundamentally from the early stages of speciation.
Effect of hydrocolloids and emulsifiers on the shelf‐life of composite cassava‐maize‐wheat bread after storage
Authors: Eduardo Maria , Svanberg Ulf , Ahrné Lilia 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrocolloids and/or emulsifiers on the shelf‐life of composite cassava‐maize‐wheat (ratio 40:10:50) reference bread during storage. Added hydrocolloids were carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and high methoxyl pectin (HM pectin) at a 3% level (w/w) and/or the emulsifiers diacetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides (DATEM), lecithin (LC), and monoglycerides (MG) at a 0.3% level (w/w). After 4 days of storage, composite breads with MG had comparatively lower crumb moisture while crumb density was similar in all breads. The reference bread crumb firmness was 33.4 N, which was reduced with an addition of DATEM (23.0 N), MG (29.8 N), CMC (24.6 N) or HM pectin (22.4 N). However, the CMC/DATEM, CMC/LC, and HM pectin/DATEM combinations further reduced crumb firmness to <20.0 N. The melting peak temperature was increased from 52 C to between 53.0 C and 57.0 C with added hydrocolloids and/or emulsifiers. The melting enthalpy of the retrograded amylopectin was lower in composite bread with hydrocolloids and emulsifiers, 6.7–11.0 J/g compared to 20.0 J/g for the reference bread. These results show that emulsifiers in combination with hydrocolloids can improve the quality and extend the shelf‐life of composite cassava‐maize‐wheat breads.
Early silent microstructural degeneration and atrophy of the thalamocortical network in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Deppe Michael , Krämer Julia , Tenberge Jan‐Gerd , Marinell Jasmin , Schwindt Wolfram , Deppe Katja , Groppa Sergiu , Wiendl Heinz , Meuth Sven G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecent studies on patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) demonstrated thalamic atrophy. Here we addressed the following question: Is early thalamic atrophy in patients with CIS and relapsing‐remitting MS (RRMS) mainly a direct consequence of white matter (WM) lesions—as frequently claimed—or is the atrophy stronger correlated to “silent” (nonlesional) microstructural thalamic alterations? One‐hundred and ten patients with RRMS, 12 with CIS, and 30 healthy controls were admitted to 3 T magnetic resonance imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was computed from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess thalamic and WM microstructure. The relative thalamic volume (RTV) and thalamic FA were significantly reduced in patients with CIS and RRMS relative to healthy controls. Both measures were also correlated. The age, gender, WM lesion load, thalamic FA, and gray matter volume‐corrected RTV were reduced even in the absence of thalamic and extensive white matter lesions—also in patients with short disease duration (≤24 months). A voxel‐based correlation analysis revealed that the RTV reduction had a significant effect on local WM FA—in areas next to the thalamus and basal ganglia. These WM alterations could not be explained by WM lesions, which had a differing spatial distribution. Early thalamic atrophy is mainly driven by silent microstructural thalamic alterations. Lesions do not disclose the early damage of thalamocortical circuits, which seem to be much more affected in CIS and RRMS than expected. Thalamocortical damage can be detected by DTI in normal appearing brain tissue. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1866–1879, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes for hypopharyngeal carcinoma treated with organ‐preservation therapy
Authors: Edson Mark A. , Garden Adam S. , Takiar Vinita , Glisson Bonnie S. , Fuller Clifton D. , Gunn Gary B. , Beadle Beth M. , Morrison William H. , Frank Steven J. , Shah Shalin J. , Tao Randa , William William N. , Weber Randal S. , Rosenthal David I. , Phan Jack 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed outcomes of patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma treated with organ‐preservation therapy utilizing intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).MethodsThe medical records of 98 patients treated with definitive IMRT +/‐ chemotherapy from 2001 to 2013 for nonmetastatic hypopharyngeal cancer were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsPatients were treated to doses of 66 to 72 Gy. Eighty‐three patients (85%) received chemotherapy. With median follow‐up of 35 months, 2‐year overall survival (OS), locoregional control, progression‐free survival (PFS), and laryngectomy‐free survival rates were 74%, 77%, 67%, and 65%, respectively. Functional laryngeal preservation rate was 76% at 2 years. N3 disease correlated with worse OS (p< .01). Concurrent chemotherapy correlated with improved locoregional control (p= .03) and complete response to induction chemotherapy correlated with improved OS and PFS (p= .02). Actuarial 2‐year and 5‐year grade 3 treatment toxicities were 17% and 21%, respectively.ConclusionFavorable disease outcomes and functional laryngeal preservation rates can be achieved with IMRT for patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Head Neck38: E2091–E2099, 2016
High slew‐rate head‐only gradient for improving distortion in echo planar imaging: Preliminary experience
Authors: Tan Ek T. , Lee Seung‐Kyun , Weavers Paul T. , Graziani Dominic , Piel Joseph E. , Shu Yunhong , Huston John , Bernstein Matt A. , Foo Thomas K.F. 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo investigate the effects on echo planar imaging (EPI) distortion of using high gradient slew rates (SR) of up to 700 T/m/s for in vivo human brain imaging, with a dedicated, head‐only gradient coil.Materials and MethodsSimulation studies were first performed to determine the expected echo spacing and distortion reduction in EPI. A head gradient of 42‐cm inner diameter and with asymmetric transverse coils was then installed in a whole‐body, conventional 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Human subject imaging was performed on five subjects to determine the effects of EPI on echo spacing and signal dropout at various gradient slew rates. The feasibility of whole‐brain imaging at 1.5 mm‐isotropic spatial resolution was demonstrated with gradient‐echo and spin‐echo diffusion‐weighted EPI.ResultsAs compared to a whole‐body gradient coil, the EPI echo spacing in the head‐only gradient coil was reduced by 48%. Simulation and in vivo results, respectively, showed up to 25–26% and 19% improvement in signal dropout. Whole‐brain imaging with EPI at 1.5 mm spatial resolution provided good whole‐brain coverage, spatial linearity, and low spatial distortion effects.ConclusionOur results of human brain imaging with EPI using the compact head gradient coil at slew rates higher than in conventional whole‐body MR systems demonstrate substantially improved image distortion, and point to a potential for benefits to non‐EPI pulse sequences. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:653–664.
Treatment response evaluation using the mean apparent diffusion coefficient in cervical cancer patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Onal Cem , Erbay Gurcan , Guler Ozan C. 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo investigate the pre‐ and posttreatment mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmean) of cervical cancer tumors treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and evaluate their correlation with recurrence and survival rates.Materials and MethodsForty‐four patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively evaluated. All patients underwent multiparametric 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including T2‐weighted, fat‐saturated T2‐weighted, dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE), and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) sequences before and after treatment. Posttreatment MR images were acquired within a median of 3.2 months (range, 2.8–4.1 months) after completing CRT. We assessed the impact of primary tumor pre‐ and posttreatment ADC values on prognostic factors and treatment outcomes.ResultsThe pre‐ and posttreatment ADCmean values were 0.882 ± 0.096 × 10−3 mm2/sec and 1.159 ± 0.168 × 10−3 mm2/sec, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The median percent ADC change was 33.7% (range, 5.0–70.0%). Patients with disease recurrence had lower ADC values, both pretreatment (0.822 ± 0.096 × 10−3 mm2/sec vs. 0.936 ± 0.058 × 10−3 mm2/sec; P < 0.001) and posttreatment (1.060 ± 0.116 × 10−3 mm2/sec vs. 1.248 ± 0.160 × 10−3 mm2/sec; P < 0.001). The ADC change was lower in patients with recurrence (25.7% ± 13.0% vs. 42.8% ± 15.7; P < 0.001) than in patients without recurrence. In multivariate analysis, pelvic lymph node metastasis and pretreatment ADCmean were prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). ADC change between pre‐ and posttreatment DW‐MRI was a prognostic factor for OS.ConclusionDWI parameters, measured before and after treatment, may be useful prognostic biomarkers for tumor burden, recurrence, and survival in cervical cancer patients treated with CRT. The primary tumor pretreatment ADCmean is an independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:1010–1019.