bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Go where you know: range expansion and fidelity in mountain caribou following eight years of maternity penning
Authors: Hoffart D. , Johnson C. J. , McNay R. S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWoodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are designated as Threatened or Endangered in Canada, with many populations being at risk of extirpation. Approaches for caribou conservation can be both invasive and expensive. For example, maternity penning involves the relocation of pregnant females to a predator‐free fenced enclosure where they are held for 20–22 weeks. This activity greatly reduces the risk of predation for adult females and their dependent calves, but requires the construction, maintenance, and monitoring of a penning facility as well as the risk associated with the capture and transport of adult caribou. With only four maternity pen trials within the last decade, there has been little study of the potential influence of maternity penning on the distribution and habitat use of caribou after release. We used Brownian Bridge Movement Models to examine changes in range fidelity and overall range use of the Klinse‐Za caribou herd in north‐central British Columbia, Canada, following eight years of maternity penning. We generated annual home range utilisation distributions and examined the space use of caribou among years and between penned and unpenned animals, as well as pre‐penning and post‐penning time periods. We found that following penning, caribou shifted distribution to areas near maternity pens and expanded their overall use of range. However, caribou did not shift their distribution relative to the elevation of their mountainous habitats. Our results suggest that caribou can adapt to capture and forced displacement without altering patterns of instinctual or learned habitat use.
Income inequality and financial overconfidence
Authors: Gottesman Aron , Morey Matthew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the relationship between income inequality and overconfidence. Using data from the FINRA Foundation's National Financial Capability Study, we measure respondents' self‐perceived and actual investment knowledge and thus identify overconfident individuals. We also identify for each respondent their U.S. state of residence and the corresponding state‐level income inequality. We then examine the relationship between state‐level income inequality and overconfidence of the survey participants. Using a number of controls, several overconfidence measures, and two different datasets we find a positive and significant relationship between income inequality and overconfidence. We also find evidence that income inequality is positively related to financial satisfaction and financial risk taking. Indeed, we find that as inequality increases, poorer individuals increase their risk willingness.
What good emotional care for miscarriage looks like: A mixed‐methods investigation in an Australian private hospital setting
Authors: Lee Lysha , Gerber Katrin , Kammers Marjolein P.M. 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundMiscarriage is a common medical occurrence which can be associated with significant psychological distress. Patients and partners are frequently disappointed by aspects of their care, especially with regard to emotional support. Although most published studies investigated the experiences of patients and partners in emergency departments (EDs) of public hospitals, miscarriage is also frequently diagnosed in non‐emergency settings, such as during sonography or antenatal appointments, and approximately 25% of Australian women receive maternity care in private hospitals.AimBecause the experience of miscarriage is known to be setting‐dependent, it is important to understand how patients and partners experience care outside the ED. Here, we addressed this gap by investigating the experiences of patients and partners who attended a private maternity hospital for miscarriage using a mixed‐methods approach.Materials and methodsEighteen patients and six partners who had recently experienced a miscarriage were recruited at a private maternity hospital to take part in both semi‐structured interviews and online surveys.ResultsOverall, patients and partners were highly satisfied with the emotional care they received. Thematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews allowed us to identify a total of ten themes that contributed to satisfaction with emotional care.ConclusionsWe provide the first specific insights into the experiences of women and partners who received care for miscarriage in an Australian private hospital setting, and the first example of a healthcare setting that achieves high satisfaction with emotional care around miscarriage. The ten themes we identify provide a framework for improving satisfaction with care also in other settings.
Prognostic clinical prediction models for acute post‐surgical pain in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Papadomanolakis‐Pakis Nicholas , Munch Philip V. , Carlé Nicolai , Uhrbrand Camilla G. , Haroutounian Simon , Nikolajsen Lone 
Published: September 2024

SummaryBackgroundAcute post‐surgical pain is managed inadequately in many patients undergoing surgery. Several prognostic risk prediction models have been developed to identify patients at high risk of developing moderate to severe acute post‐surgical pain. The aim of this systematic review was to describe and evaluate the methodological conduct of these prediction models.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL for studies of prognostic risk prediction models for acute post‐surgical pain using predetermined criteria. Prediction model performance was evaluated according to discrimination and calibration. Adherence to TRIPOD guidelines was assessed. Risk of bias and applicability was independently assessed by two reviewers using the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool.ResultsWe included 14 studies reporting on 17 prediction models. The most common predictors identified in final prediction models included age; surgery type; sex or gender; anxiety or fear of surgery; pre‐operative pain intensity; pre‐operative analgesic use; pain catastrophising; and expected surgical incision size. Discrimination, measured by the area under receiver operating characteristic curves or c‐statistic, ranged from 0.61 to 0.83. Calibration was only reported for seven models. The median (IQR [range]) overall adherence rate to TRIPOD items was 62 (53–66 [47–72])%. All prediction models were at high risk of bias.ConclusionsEffective prediction models could support the prevention and treatment of acute post‐surgical pain; however, existing models are at high risk of bias which may affect their reliability to inform practice. Consideration should be given to the goals, timing of intended use and desired outcomes of a prediction model before development.
On the function and origin of the avian renal portal shunt and its potential significance throughout evolution
Authors: Buyse Kobe , Stein Koen , De Spiegelaere Ward , Cornillie Pieter , Clauss Marcus , Janssens Geert P.J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAll birds possess a unique venous architecture surrounding the kidneys known as the renal portal system. In veterinary medicine, this system is well known for causing a first‐pass effect when medication is administered parenterally via the leg veins, that is venous blood from the leg is filtered before entering general circulation, thus possibly compromising adequate dosage. Additionally, bilateral valves are present in these veins, and it has been hypothesized that they play a crucial role in regulating flow through the kidneys to protect them against increases in blood pressure. While this hypothesis has been acknowledged, it has not been thoroughly explored. We propose that the function of the renal portal valve extends beyond its significance for kidney function, potentially impacting general hemodynamics. Examining anatomical similarities with extant non‐avian reptiles, which lack the renal portal shunt with valve, could reveal additional functionalities of this system in birds. Given the endothermic metabolism and the energetically expensive locomotor activity of birds, the resistance of the hepatic and renal portal system might constrain the blood flow from splanchnic to non‐splanchnic blood vessels necessary for (sustained) peak performance. Therefore, diverting blood from the renal portal system using the renal portal valve as a regulatory structure might represent a key adaptation to facilitate sustained peak performance. In addition, we hypothesize that this shunt and valve represents a very early adaptation in amniotes, possibly lost in extant non‐avian reptiles but enhanced in birds, with a pivotal role in maintaining hemodynamic homeostasis to support the high metabolic rates characteristic of birds.
Lived Experience as Evidence for Research, Policy, and Advocacy on Homelessness in Canada
Authors: Malik Hunaifa , Cristea Daniel , McLean Elizabeth , Kopec Anna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe rise of evidence‐based policymaking highlights the importance of evidence and how it is defined and utilized. It also uncovers the gaps in evidence and where lived experience stands to benefit policymaking. The rising level of encampments, homelessness, and housing unaffordability in Canada emphasize the need to consider how and where lived experiences of homelessness are included. This article interrogates the inclusion of lived experiences of homelessness in three specific domains: research, policy, and advocacy. Our findings from systematic reviews of each area reveal an evidence‐policy gap in homelessness policy and governance. Across all three domains, scholars and practitioners alike often fail to explicitly include lived experience to inform their efforts. Enhanced coordination and policy learning across and between the domains can offer a pathway to measurably improve policy effectiveness.
Suspended resting of caterpillars as an anti‐predator strategy
Authors: Matsubara Satoru , Sugiura Shinji 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Resting animals are highly vulnerable to predation, making the location and manner in which they rest crucial for their survival. Some lepidopteran larvae and spiders rest while suspended in the air at night. Although previous studies have hypothesised that nocturnal suspended resting serves as an anti‐predator defence, this hypothesis has not yet been tested.
We found that Pogonopygia nigralbata larvae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) rest on leaves of the host plant Illicium anisatum (Austrobaileyales: Schisandraceae) during the day but hang from leaves by a thread at night. As some predators, such as praying mantises, centipedes and tree frogs, were observed on host plants at night, the larvae might hang from leaves to avoid encounters with these predators.
To test this hypothesis, we artificially placed model prey (i.e., live mealworms) on I. anisatum trees during the day and at night. We compared the attack rates on model prey suspended from leaves with those directly attached to the leaves. Model prey were attacked more frequently during the day than at night. Suspended models were attacked less frequently than those attached leaves at night. A mealworm attached to a leaf was also consumed by a centipede at night. Additionally, centipedes were found more frequently on the host plant I. anisatum at night than during the day. Furthermore, our laboratory experiments showed that P. nigralbata larvae were frequently consumed by praying mantises and centipedes.
Our results suggest that the nocturnal suspended resting of P. nigralbata larvae plays a crucial role in evading nocturnal predators, such as praying mantises and centipedes.
Patient evaluation of Klick, a technology‐enabled, nurse‐delivered HIV outpatient pathway
Authors: Day S. , Rae C. , McOwan A. , Wilkins R. , Gray A. , Harvey A. , Casley C. , Murungi A. , Asboe D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesKlick is a clinic‐specific, digitally supported outpatient pathway of care for people living with HIV (PLWH). It involves a smartphone application (app) for PLWH to self‐manage their care, navigate access to the clinic and communicate with their healthcare provider. We present a patient evaluation of Klick.MethodsPatients use Klick to book/reschedule appointments, view laboratory results, request medication, access remote nurse‐delivered consultations and communicate with clinicians. In October 2022, Klick was evaluated by PLWH through a questionnaire and interviews.ResultsBetween August 2020 and April 2024, 5859 patients had registered to use Klick; during April 2024 alone, 2509 (43%) used Klick. In October 2022, 1661 PLWH were invited to complete surveys, of whom 362 (22%) responded. These respondents were 95% (340/358) male and 84% (298/354) white, and 63% (227/359) were in the age range 41–60 years. Respondents felt Klick was easy to use (average score 4.3/5), and 92% thought having a clinic‐specific app was important/very important. Respondents valued the following app features as important/very important – online booking (93%); viewable results (94%); prescription requests (90%) – and rated their experience of using them highly – 91% for e‐booking and 91% for viewable results. A total of 93% said they would recommend Klick to friends and 82% rated Klick as above average/excellent.ConclusionsPLWH reported high levels of satisfaction using a clinic‐specific mHealth app to manage their HIV care and demonstrated sustained active use. Klick was rated easy to use, as helping to meet healthcare needs and as providing a superior experience for some aspects of care. Other HIV clinics or services managing chronic conditions could benefit from the adoption of personalized digital solutions to enhance patient care.
Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease: A superior predictor for incident type 2 diabetes over traditional criteria – NAGALA study
Authors: Sakai Kimiko , Okamura Takuro , Toyokuni Ema , Okada Hiroshi , Obora Akihiro , Kojima Takao , Hamaguchi Masahide , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionThe 2023 Delphi consensus recommended the use of new term, metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), aiming conceptual shift from the conventional non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The association between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development is well known. This study aimed to examine the correlation between MASLD and T2DM development, comparing their utility as predictors.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study obtained data from a medical health checkup program conducted at Asahi University Hospital, Japan, between 2004 and 2021. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between MASLD and incident T2DM over 5 years. To compare the predictive utility of NAFLD and MASLD, receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn, followed by area under the curve (AUC) comparisons.ResultsIn total, 15,039 participants (59.6% males; median [interquartile range {IQR}] age, 44 [38, 50] years) were included. Out of 2,682 participants meeting the criteria for MASLD, 234 individuals (8.7%) developed T2DM. Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly elevated risk of T2DM in MASLD compared with the reference healthy group (without steatotic liver disease or cardiometabolic risk), presenting an OR of 127.00 (95% CI 40.40–399.00, P < 0.001). The concordance rate of diagnosis between NAFLD and MASLD was 98.7%. The AUC values were 0.799 for NAFLD and 0.807 for MASLD, respectively. Comparative analysis of the AUC showed a statistical difference between NAFLD and MASLD (P < 0.001).ConclusionsMASLD was shown to be a significant risk factor for incident T2DM, exhibiting a potentially higher predictive capacity than conventional NAFLD.
WOUND‐Q questionnaire: Translational and cross‐cultural adaptation for Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Camargo Cristina P. , Matsumoto Bruno Y. , Apolinário Matheus S. , Gemperli Rolf 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStudies shows that 1%–2% of world population will develop chronic skin wound in their lifetime. Nowadays, the patient report outcome measure (PROM) questionnaires are used to evaluate the patient's quality of life. However, several PROM's questionnaires analyse specific chronic wounds. In this sense, WOUND‐Q toll was designed to evaluate all types of wounds. Because of the WOUND‐Q wide applicability, the use of WOUND‐Q is helpful for other countries. This study aimed to translate and adapt WOUND‐Q tool for Brazilian Portuguese language. Two independent translators translated the WOUND‐Q questionnaire from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Then these translators build Version 1 (T1) and version 2 (T2). In a consensus meeting, a third senior author defined the final version. In the back translation process, an English proficient translator translated the Brazilian Portuguese version to the original version. After another consensus, a final version was defined. Then, our group performed a cognitive test to validate this version. After the first translation, the comparison of version T1 and T2 achieved an intraclass correlation coefficient of 77%. The back translation showed the need of few adjustments. For the cognitive test, the mean age was 44.1 ± 9.3 years. Only one question was changed to improve comprehensiveness. In the review phase, few adjustments were performed to the final Brazilian Portuguese version, mostly regarding verbal tense and prepositions. In conclusion, this study successfully translated and adapted the WOUND‐Q questionnaire for a Brazilian Portuguese version.
University Rankings in Sport Science: A True Reflection of Excellence?
Authors: Matic Girard Ivana , Girard Olivier 
Published: September 2024

Background: University rankings often serve as benchmarks for excellence in academic evaluation. For example, ShanghaiRanking data from 2016 to 2023 for the Global Ranking of Sport Science Schools and Departments reveal consistent dominance by Australia (23.1%), Canada (18.0%), and the United States (12.0%), collectively counting over half of the top 50 universities worldwide. Nevertheless, there is uncertainty about how the methodology behind these rankings shapes a reality as much as it reflects one. Purpose: Our intention is to discuss the complexity of university rankings, using ShanghaiRanking as an example, to highlight how these rankings reflect academic excellence within the field of sport science. Current Evidence: When ranking universities in sport science, several aspects of academic excellence could be considered in addition to research metrics currently considered in ShanghaiRanking (publication, citation, citations per publication, top 25% journal publications, and internationally collaborated publications). These aspects may include (1) teaching quality, (2) practical training, (3) industry links and employability, (4) support services, (5) facilities and equipment, (6) international network, (7) community engagement, (8) sustainability and ethical practices, and (9) interdisciplinary approach. Altogether, they could provide a more comprehensive view of the quality and effectiveness of a sport-science program. Conclusions: The ranking of sport-science institutions poses a complex challenge due to diverse factors influencing academic excellence. Engaging in a broader dialogue and refining internationally relevant evaluation methodologies are crucial. These steps enable comparability between countries and provide a holistic understanding of the multidimensional nature of academic excellence in sport science.
Gene discovery from microbial gene libraries I: protection against reactive oxygen species-driven DNA damage
Authors: Taylor John C. , Gu Liu Carmen , Chang James D. , Thompson Brianna E. , Maresso Anthony W. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) pose a lethal risk for all life forms by causing damage to cell processes, genome-wide DNA damage-driving mutation, replicative instability, and death. Thus, the development of mechanisms to resist or repair ROS-induced DNA damage is critical for the reliable replication of nucleic acids. DNA repair and protection mechanisms have been discovered in all forms of life. However, the vast array of microbes that may harbor novel repair or protection mechanisms, especially bacterial viruses, have not been adequately assessed. Here, we screened a microbial gene library composed primarily of phage open reading frames (ORFs) to uncover elements that overcome a DNA damage blockade. We report the discovery of one such protein, termed F21, which promotes bacterial survival by possibly repairing or protecting DNA in the face of ROS-induced DNA damage.

IMPORTANCE
Discovery of proteins that promote DNA damage repair and protection in the face of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is of vital importance. Our group is in possession of a unique microbial DNA library with which we can screen for undiscovered genes that encode novel proteins with DNA damage repair and protective functions. This library is composed of diverse DNA from a variety of sources, namely bacteriophages, which must be assessed for their novel functions. This work focuses on the discovery of DNA damage repair and protection, but the possibilities for discovery are endless, thus highlighting the significance of this work.