bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotion management, institutional change, and the spatial arrangement of care at a psychiatric residential treatment facility
Authors: Plummer Samantha 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAt Psychiatric Residential Treatment Facilities (PRTF), the neoliberal reorganization of health and social care provision has come with increasing demands for financial efficiency, cost-containment, and evidence-based practices that affect workers’ performance of emotion management and their spatial relationship to the PRTF as a place of identity and connection. In this article, data collected via semi-structured interviews and autoethnographic methods are used to examine how long-term workers at a PRTF were affected by and responded to a merger that generated conflicts between the workers’ and new management’s values, norms of emotional conduct, and spatial understandings of the institution. The standard theories and analyses of emotional burnout in the human services argue that value conflicts between workers and organizations cause the former to withdraw from their clients. In contrast, drawing on Bolton's multidimensional theory of emotion management in the workplace, this paper finds that in the face of value conflicts and increased coerciveness in the workplace, certain dimensions of emotion management—namely workers’ engagement with one another and with the children and adolescents in their care—can become more apparently pleasurable and serve as sites of resistance and compensatory solace. Building on work on the geographies of care that troubles the boundaries between public and private space, this paper finds that long-term workers constructed the pre-merger institution as an “anthropological place” and coped with the new regime’s efforts to commodify it by reaffirming their relationships and memories.
Effect of acute ingestion of β‐hydroxybutyrate salts on the response to graded exercise in trained cyclists
Authors: Evans Mark , Patchett Ella , Nally Rickard , Kearns Rachel , Larney Matthew , Egan Brendan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAcute ingestion of ketone salts induces nutritional ketosis by elevating β‐hydroxybutyrate (βHB), but few studies have examined the metabolic effects of ingestion prior to exercise. Nineteen trained cyclists (12 male, 7 female) undertook graded exercise (8 min each at ∼30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% VO2peak) on a cycle ergometer on two occasions separated by either 7 or 14 days. Trials included ingestion of boluses of either (i) plain water (3.8 mL kg body mass−1) (CON) or (ii) βHB salts (0.38 g kg body mass−1) in plain water (3.8 mL kg body mass−1) (KET), at both 60 min and 15 min prior to exercise. During KET, plasma [βHB] increased to 0.33 ± 0.16 mM prior to exercise and 0.44 ± 0.15 mM at the end of exercise (both p < .05). Plasma glucose was 0.44 ± 0.27 mM lower (p < .01) 30 min after ingestion of KET and remained ∼0.2 mM lower throughout exercise compared to CON (p < .001). Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was higher during KET compared to CON (p < .001) and 0.03–0.04 higher from 30%VO2peak to 60%VO2peak (all p < .05). No differences in plasma lactate, rate of perceived exertion, or gross or delta efficiency were observed between trials. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in 13 out of 19 participants during KET. Acute ingestion of βHB salts induces nutritional ketosis and alters the metabolic response to exercise in trained cyclists. Elevated RER during KET may be indicative of increased ketone body oxidation during exercise, but at the plasma βHB concentrations achieved, ingestion of βHB salts does not affect lactate appearance, perceived exertion, or muscular efficiency.
Hyperbolicity cones and imaginary projections
Authors: Jörgens Thorsten , Theobald Thorsten 
Published: January 2018

Recently, the authors and de Wolff introduced the imaginary projection of a polynomial

f
∈

C

[

z

]

f\in \mathbb {C}[\mathbf {z}]

as the projection of the variety of

f
f

onto its imaginary part,

I

(
f
)

=

{
I
m
(

z

)

:

z

∈

V

(
f
)
}

\mathcal {I}(f) \ = \ \{Im(\mathbf {z}) \, : \, \mathbf {z} \in \mathcal {V}(f) \}

. Since a polynomial

f
f

is stable if and only if

I

(
f
)
∩

R

>
0

n

=

∅

\mathcal {I}(f) \cap \mathbb {R}_{>0}^n \ = \ \emptyset

, the notion offers a novel geometric view underlying stability questions of polynomials. In this article, we study the relation between the imaginary projections and hyperbolicity cones, where the latter ones are only defined for homogeneous polynomials. Building upon this, for homogeneous polynomials we provide a tight upper bound for the number of components in the complement

I

(
f

)

c

\mathcal {I}(f)^{\mathsf {c}}

and thus for the number of hyperbolicity cones of

f
f

. And we show that for

n
≥
2

n \ge 2

, a polynomial

f
f

in

n
n

variables can have an arbitrarily high number of strictly convex and bounded components in

I

(
f

)

c

\mathcal {I}(f)^{\mathsf {c}}

.
A slice theorem for singular Riemannian foliations, with applications
Authors: Mendes Ricardo , Radeschi Marco 
Published: January 2018

We prove a slice theorem around closed leaves in a singular Riemannian foliation, and we use it to study the

C
∞

C^\infty

-algebra of smooth basic functions, generalizing to the inhomogeneous setting a number of results by G. Schwarz. In particular, in the infinitesimal case we show that this algebra is generated by a finite number of polynomials.
Examining changes to statewide NP practice in Connecticut
Authors: Kazer Meredith Wallace , O'Sullivan Cynthia K. , Leonard Michelle 
Published: January 2018

Abstract:
In 2014, Connecticut legislators eliminated the need for advanced practice registered nurses with 2,000 practice hours to obtain collaborative practice agreements with physicians. This study examined resulting practice changes, barriers, and suggestions for improved implementation of independent practice. Thirteen NPs participated in focus groups to share their experiences and recommendations.
RESPONSE OF INFLAMMATORY CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA TO TREATMENT USING ORAL ACETAZOLAMIDE
Authors: Pepple Kathryn L. , Nguyen Macklin H. , Pakzad-Vaezi Kaivon , Williamson Kathleen , Odell Naomi , Lee Cecilia , Leveque Thellea K. , Van Gelder Russell N. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To determine the treatment effect of oral acetazolamide on refractory inflammatory macular edema.

Methods:
A retrospective review of identified patients with uveitic or pseudophakic macular edema treated using acetazolamide between 2007 and 2014. Visual acuity and central macular subfield thickness was determined at baseline and at first follow-up. Baseline optical coherence tomography features were analyzed as predictors of acetazolamide response.

Results:
Sixteen patients (19 eyes) of 61 screened met all criteria. Mean age was 57.9 years (19.7–81.1). The most common diagnosis was idiopathic uveitis (n = 6, 31.6%). Mean uveitis duration was 4.4 years (0.2–27.5). Average central macular subfield thickness decreased significantly (from 471.8 ± 110.6 μm to 358.3 ± 50.4 μm) (P < 0.0001). Average visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) improved significantly from 20/54 (0.43 ± 0.25) to 20/37 (0.27 ± 0.16) (P = 0.003). Pretreatment optical coherence tomographies demonstrated intraretinal fluid (n = 19, 100%), subretinal fluid (n = 8, 42.1%), epiretinal membrane (n = 13, 68.3%), and vitreomacular traction (n = 1, 5.2%). No optical coherence tomography characteristic was predictive of a response to therapy.

Conclusion:
There is a significant benefit to vision and central macular subfield thickness after acetazolamide treatment in patients with inflammatory macular edema. In patients with refractory inflammatory macular edema, treatment using acetazolamide can provide anatomical and visual benefit without corticosteroid-related adverse effects.
Systematic Review of Hearing Preservation After Radiotherapy for Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Coughlin Adam R. , Willman Tyler J. , Gubbels Samuel P. 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To determine the long-term hearing preservation rate for spontaneous vestibular schwannoma treated by primary radiotherapy.

Data Sources:
The MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Reviews, and EMBASE databases were searched using a comprehensive Boolean keyword search developed in conjunction with a scientific librarian. English language papers published from 2000 to 2016 were evaluated.

Study Selection:
Inclusion criteria: full articles, pretreatment and posttreatment audiograms or audiogram based scoring system, vestibular schwannoma only tumor type, reported time to follow-up, published after 1999, use of either Gamma Knife or linear accelerator radiotherapy. Exclusion criteria: case report or series with fewer than five cases, inadequate audiometric data, inadequate time to follow-up, neurofibromatosis type 2 exceeding 10% of study population, previous treatment exceeding 10% of study population, repeat datasets, use of proton beam therapy, and non-English language.

Data Extraction:
Two reviewers independently analyzed papers for inclusion. Class A/B, 1/2 hearing was defined as either pure tone average less than or equal to 50 db with speech discrimination score more than or equal to 50%, American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) Hearing Class A or B, or Gardner–Robertson Grade I or II. Aggregate data were used when individual data were not specified.

Data Synthesis:
Means were compared with student t test.

Conclusions:
Forty seven articles containing a total of 2,195 patients with preserved Class A/B, 1/2 hearing were identified for analysis. The aggregate crude hearing preservation rate was 58% at an average reporting time of 46.6 months after radiotherapy treatment. Analysis of time-based reporting shows a clear trend of decreased hearing preservation extending to 10-year follow-up. This data encourages a future long-term controlled trial.
Does Hospital Volume Affect Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery?
Authors: Hatch Jonathan L. , Bauschard Michael J. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Lambert Paul R. , Meyer Ted A. , McRackan Theodore R. 
Published: January 2018

Objective:To determine the effect of hospital surgical case volume on the outcomes of vestibular schwannoma surgery.Study Design:Retrospective case review.Setting:University HealthSystem Consortium member hospitals (includes nearly every US academic medical center).Patients:Three thousand six hundred ninety-seven patients who underwent vestibular schwannoma resection over a 3-year timespan (2012–2015) grouped by race, age, comorbidities, payer, and sex.Intervention:Surgical resection of vestibular schwannoma.Main Outcome Measures:Morbidity and mortality following vestibular schwannoma excision are compared by hospital volume (low, medium, and high) including deciles.Results:There was significantly longer length of stay (p≤ 0.005) among groups with low-volume hospitals followed by medium-volume hospitals and high-volume hospitals. Low-volume hospitals had a significantly higher rate of complications including stroke, aspiration, and respiratory failure (p≤ 0.0175). Patient characteristics of age, sex, sex, and baseline comorbidities were similar between hospital groups. However, patients at high-volume hospitals were more likely to be Caucasian (83.1%,p = 0.0001) and have private insurance (76.7%,p < 0.0001). There was a strong negative correlation between complication rates and hospital volume (r = −0.8164,p = 0.0040).Conclusion:The volume of vestibular schwannoma surgeries performed at a hospital impacts length of stay and rates of postoperative complications. Demographics among hospital groups were similar though high-volume hospitals had significantly more patients who were privately insured and Caucasian.
Dexmedetomidine as Single Continuous Sedative During Noninvasive Ventilation: Typical Usage, Hemodynamic Effects, and Withdrawal*
Authors: Shutes Brittany L. , Gee Samantha W. , Sargel Cheryl L. , Fink Kelsey A. , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
Dexmedetomidine use in pediatric critical care is increasing. Its prolonged effects as a single continuous agent for sedation are not well described. The aim of the current study was to describe prolonged dexmedetomidine therapy without other continuous sedation, specifically the hemodynamic effects, discontinuation strategies, and risk factors for withdrawal.

Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Large, single-center, quaternary care pediatric academic institution.

Patients:
Data from 382 children, less than 18 years old admitted to the PICU who received dexmedetomidine for more than 24 hours without other infusions for sedation during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.

Interventions:
Usual care practices for dexmedetomidine use were described. Discontinuation strategies were categorized as abrupt discontinuation, wean from dexmedetomidine infusion, and transition to enteral clonidine.

Measurements and Main Results:
Median peak and cumulative doses with interquartile range were 1 µg/kg/hr (0.6–1.2 µg/kg/hr) and 30 µg/kg (20–50 µg/kg), respectively, and median duration was 45 hours (34–66 hr). Four hours after reaching peak dose, we observed a decrease in heart rate (p < 0.01) with 28% prevalence of bradycardia and an increase in systolic blood pressure (p < 0.01) with 33% prevalence of hypertension and 2% hypotension. During the escalation phase, the prevalence of bradycardia and hypotension were 75% and a 30%, respectively. Three-hundred thirty-six patients (88%) had abrupt discontinuation, 37 (10%) were weaned, and nine (2%) were transitioned to clonidine. Nineteen patients (5%) experienced withdrawal. Univariate risk of withdrawal was most associated with duration: odds ratio equal to 1.5 (1.3–1.7) for each 12-hour period (p < 0.01). By multivariate analysis including age, discontinuation group, dexmedetomidine cumulative dose, and peak dose, only cumulative dose remained significant with an odds ratio equal to 1.3 (1.1–1.5) for each 10 μg/kg (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Dexmedetomidine use for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation sedation in pediatric critical care has predictable hemodynamic effects including bradycardia and hypertension. Although withdrawal was associated with higher cumulative dose, these symptoms were effectively managed with short-term enteral clonidine.
Beyond ‘significance’: principles and practice of the Analysis of Credibility
Authors: Matthews Robert A. J. 
Published: January 2018

The inferential inadequacies of statistical significance testing are now widely recognized. There is, however, no consensus on how to move research into a ‘post
p
< 0.05’ era. We present a potential route forward via the Analysis of Credibility, a novel methodology that allows researchers to go beyond the simplistic dichotomy of significance testing and extract more insight from new findings. Using standard summary statistics, AnCred assesses the credibility of significant and non-significant findings on the basis of their evidential weight, and in the context of existing knowledge. The outcome is expressed in quantitative terms of direct relevance to the substantive research question, providing greater protection against misinterpretation. Worked examples are given to illustrate how AnCred extracts additional insight from the outcome of typical research study designs. Its ability to cast light on the use of
p
-values, the interpretation of non-significant findings and the so-called ‘replication crisis’ is also discussed.
Predicting age from cortical structure across the lifespan
Authors: Madan Christopher R. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDespite inter-individual differences in cortical structure, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have demonstrated a large degree of population-level consistency in age-related differences in brain morphology. The present study assessed how accurately an individual’s age could be predicted by estimates of cortical morphology, comparing a variety of structural measures, including thickness, gyrification, and fractal dimensionality. Structural measures were calculated across up to seven different parcellation approaches, ranging from 1 region to 1000 regions. The age-prediction framework was trained using morphological measures obtained from T1-weighted MRI volumes collected from multiple sites, yielding a training dataset of 1056 healthy adults, aged 18-97. Age predictions were calculated using a machine-learning approach that incorporated non-linear differences over the lifespan. In two independent, held-out test samples, age predictions had a median error of 6-7 years. Age predictions were best when using a combination of cortical metrics, both thickness and fractal dimensionality. Overall, the results reveal that age-related differences in brain structure are systematic enough to enable reliable age prediction based on metrics of cortical morphology.Graphical AbstractSeveral measures of cortical structure differ in relation to age. We examined the cortical granularity of these differences across seven parcellation approaches, from a 1 region (unparcellated cortical ribbon) to 1000 regions (patches with boundaries informed by anatomical landmarks), and three measures: thickness, gyrification, and fractal dimensionality. Rather than merely examining age-related relationships, we examined how these parcellations and measures can be used topredictage.
Quantifying landscape‐level land‐use intensity patterns through radar‐based remote sensing
Authors: Howison Ruth A. , Piersma Theunis , Kentie Rosemarie , Hooijmeijer Jos C. E. W. , Olff Han 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

The increasing availability of high resolution and high frequency, radar‐based remote sensing data (i.e. observations on land surface characteristics, insensitive to cloud interference), makes it possible to track land‐use intensity more precisely at the whole landscape scale.

Here, we develop a new radar‐based remote sensing technique for large‐scale quantification of agricultural land‐use intensity across human‐dominated landscapes. We compare the respective abilities of Sentinel‐1 C‐band radar (C‐SAR, C‐band synthetic aperture radar) remote sensing data with the more traditional optical data, as MODIS enhanced vegetation indices (MODIS EVI), in capturing seasonality and the magnitude of land‐use intensity (quantity and frequency of biomass removal). Linking our novel radar‐based change detection algorithm to agricultural management activities on the ground, we quantify a whole landscape according to timing of mowing, a key grassland disturbance, thus capturing the dynamics of mowing regimes in grasslands.

We found that the radar‐based proxy provides a rapid and reliable measure of land‐use intensity, reliably predicting plant community composition at the landscape scale.

We tested this methodology using data on black‐tailed godwits (Limosa limosa limosa), a specialist breeder of lowland meadows which, over the last 50 years, has shown dramatic declines. During territory establishment, black‐tailed godwits preferentially used fields corresponding to intermediate radar‐sensed land‐use intensities. However, the present‐day timing of mowing in these habitats was such that most godwit broods were less likely to be successful than broods in grasslands used at a lower intensity.

Synthesis and applications. The newly developed radar‐based land‐use intensity quantification is a powerful tool that makes it possible for ecologists and land managers to include agricultural land‐use intensity measurements in population studies of the plants, insects, birds and mammals using these landscapes, at the spatial scale of entire populations. Applications of this tool include evaluating the effectiveness of European agri‐environment schemes aiming to increase biodiversity through decreased land‐use intensity or expanding the quantification of agricultural land‐use intensity to other geographic regions.
Multicenter study of diagnostic procedures, genetic aberration analysis, and first‐line treatment of lung cancer in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Hu YangBo , Hu Huan , Miao LiYun , Zhao Xin , Gu Wei , Heng Wei , Meng ZiLi , Feng Jian , You Yi , Xu XingXiang , Hu Rong , Li HaiQuan , Zhao Jie , Zhu XiaoLi , Shi MeiQi , Shen Li , Zhang XiuWei , Yin XiaoWei , Ma Hang , Shi MinHua , Yu Yong , Lv Hong , Cai LiMing , Feng GaoHua , Zhang YeQing , Wu Feng , Lv TangFeng , Song Yong 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundJiangsu Province, China, is highly developed economically and culturally, and has a high prevalence of lung cancer. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic procedures, genetic aberration analysis status, and first‐line treatment models of lung cancer in Jiangsu Province.MethodsLung cancer patients diagnosed in 2016 at 22 tertiary care hospitals were evaluated. Demographic characteristics, tumor histology, staging, family history of lung cancer, auxiliary examinations, genetic testing, and first‐line treatment were collected on discharge. Diagnostic and treatment data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 928 patients were enrolled. Chest computed tomography was the most frequently used diagnostic method; pathology diagnosis was carried out by transbronchial lung biopsy and transthoracic needle aspiration. Stage T1‐2N0M0 small‐cell lung cancer patients experienced surgical resection, and others received cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy. Stage I and stage II non‐small cell lung cancer patients experienced surgical resection; stage III and stage IV patients received cisplatin and pemetrexed chemotherapy as first‐line treatment. Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations occurred in 29.9% of non‐selective, 36.5% of locally advanced or metastatic, and 42.1% of advanced non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer. The overall EGFR‐positive rates were 49.0%, 52.5%, and 53.9%. A total 72.0% of patients with EGFR mutations were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.ConclusionChest computed tomography was the most commonly performed diagnostic method for lung cancer. First‐line treatment was primarily determined by disease stages and EGFR mutation status, with few expectations.
Analysis of hypo‐ and hypermagnesemia in an intensive care unit cohort
Authors: Broman M. , Hansson F. , Klarin B. 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate if magnesium deviations correlate with higher 180 day overall mortality or increased morbidity, compared to controls.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study on 5369 patients with 22,003 magnesium values treated at the Adult Intensive Care Unit at Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden during 2006–2014. The patients were retrospectively divided into a control group with only normal magnesium values 0.7–1.0 mmol/l, and three study groups; hypomagnesemic; Mg2+ < 0.7 mmol/l, hypermagnesemic; Mg2+ > 1.0 mmol/l and an unstable mixed group showing both hypo/hypermagnesemia.Gender, age, disease severity represented by maximum organ system SOFA score, renal SOFA score, lowest potassium value and diagnoses classes were included in a Cox hazard model in order to adjust for confounding factors, with time to death in the first 180 days from the ICU admission as outcome.ResultsThe hypermagnesemic study group and the mixed group showed increased hazard ratios for mortality; 1.4 (CI 98.3% 1.2, 1.6, P < 0.0001) and 2.1 (CI 98.3% 1.2, 2.8, P < 0.0001) respectively, compared to controls, while the hypomagnesemic group did not reach significance.In addition, patients in the hypermagnesemic and the mixed groups are older, more ill with significantly higher EMR and SOFA scores and show significantly longer ventilator times and ICU stays, compared to controls.ConclusionsPatients with magnesium deviations are more ill compared to patients with explicitly normal magnesium values throughout the ICU stay. Cox analysis suggests that the magnesium deviation itself might have an impact on mortality.