bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyogenic Granuloma Diagnosis and Management: A Practical Review
Authors: Kaleeny Joseph D. , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: September 2024

Background:Pyogenic granuloma (PG), or lobular capillary hemangioma, poses a clinical challenge with its uncertain etiology and treatment options. Although the clinical features and prevalence of PGs are well established, definitive evidence-based treatments remain elusive. This practical review aims to illuminate the complexities of PG management by analyzing surgical interventions based on literature analysis.Methods:A PubMed/Medline search of “pyogenic granuloma” and “surgery” yielded 1171 studies. Inclusion criteria targeted intervention-associated PG complications over 5% and treatment modalities, excluding nonclinical studies and topics unrelated to plastic and reconstructive surgery. Screening involved Oxford level of evidence, patient data extraction, complications, intervention types, success rates, sessions, follow-ups, and treatments.Results:Thirty-one studies met inclusion criteria. Most studies were retrospective (67.7%). Ten studies satisfied intervention-linked eruptions, primarily oculoplastic, whereas 21 investigated both surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities. Across interventions, 3579 patients (age: 34.2–85.7 years) were involved. Postsurgical PG complications averaged 15.1% and were treated predominantly with surgical excision, achieving nearly complete resolution. Surgical and nonsurgical treatment studies included 1233 patients (age: 3–46.5 years), demonstrating a 68.2% average resolution after a single session, with surgical excision exhibiting the highest success rate (96.2%) and minimal complications.Conclusions:This practical review highlights the complexities of managing PG, emphasizing a spectrum of effective treatments and potential postoperative complications. Ophthalmologic procedures showed PG incidences of 9%–24.4%. Surgical excision proved highly effective, surpassing methods like lasers and injectables that exhibited varied success rates requiring multiple treatment sessions. Challenges included study diversity and varying evidence levels, warranting further comparative research for PG management strategies.
The Emerging Role of Three-dimensional Technologies in Orthoplastic Surgery
Authors: Diaddigo Sarah E. , LaValley Myles N. , Dagi Alexander F. , Kuonqui Kevin , Shen Yong , Tyler Wakenda J. , Bogue Jarrod T. 
Published: September 2024

Summary:
Three-dimensional (3D) planning and manufacturing technologies have become integral to head and neck reconstruction following tumor resection. These technologies facilitate the prototyping of patient-specific solutions in both digital and physical form. Three-dimensional tumor models and cutting guides help conceptualize and verify the surgical approach, as well as serve as a blueprint for reconstruction. Computer-aided renderings have been shown to add precision to bony contouring to achieve functional and aesthetic goals following tumor resection, such as in mastication, oral competence, speech, and symmetric facial aesthetics. Three-dimensional technologies have also been introduced in orthopedic oncology, making limb-salvage surgery the mainstay of treatment in cases where amputation was historically required. The advent of customized 3D cutting guides and plates allows surgeons to spare surrounding healthy tissue, markedly enhancing postoperative quality of life and significantly reducing associated morbidities. Borrowing from these applications of 3D planning and modeling, our institution has recently implemented these technologies for the reconstructive planning of soft tissue defects following sarcoma resection. Here we present a series of cases that demonstrate the workflow and clinical outcomes associated with the utilization of 3D planning techniques in orthoplastic surgery.
A 291-day Evaluation of the Performance of a Consumer-grade Temporal Radon Detector
Authors: Evans Carly E. , Kearfott Kimberlee J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Affordable, accurate, and robust temporal measurement devices are desirable for screening and assessment of radon levels in private homes and workplaces. This research expands upon prior research, using the RadonFTlab RadonEye device through a comparison of multiple samples of this instrument with a laboratory-grade instrument, the Saphymo AlphaGUARD, over a more extensive period than reported previously. Data were collected over 291 d in a poorly ventilated basement space in an occupied building. Environmental conditions varied naturally, changing both the radon source term and radon entry into the space approximating typically deployed conditions. The R-squared linear regression correlation coefficient and relative sensitivities of each RadonEye with the AlphaGUARD were computed. Overall temporal and diurnal variations were also studied. The sensitivities of all RadonEyes and the AlphaGUARD agreed to within 22% throughout the entire deployment period.
Application of PDCA cycle management in the requisition process of disposable consumables in the surgery room
Authors: Xie Limin , Ai Geyi , Zhao Jinyang 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle management method has been effectively used in a variety of scenarios, which can improve turnover speed and work efficiency. However, there is little research on PDCA in the management of disposable sterile items in operating room. So this paper explores the application of PDCA cycle management method in the collection process of disposable consumables in the operating room.

Methods:
100 first surgery of the day in our hospital’s operating room from May to October 2021 were selected as the control group. The PDCA cycle management method witch was based on SQUIRE 2.0 guidelines was used to optimize the process of collecting disposable consumables. Then, 100 first surgery of the day from May to October 2022 were selected as the experimental group.

Results:
Compared with the control group, the preparation time of the first surgical item (22.89±2.34 vs. 29.13±2.38 min), the writing time of the item list (6.55±3.20 vs. 16.19±2.24 min), and the replenishment time of sterile items in the room (12.31±5.00 vs. 22.95±3.79 min) in the experimental group were significantly shorter, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
PDCA cycle management can shorten the preparation and replenishment time of disposable items in the operation room, significantly optimize the collection process of disposable sterile consumables in the operation room, facilitate the implementation of clinical work, and effectively ensure the operation safety of patients.
Management of midshaft clavicle fracture and ipsilateral acromioclavicular joint dislocation through combination of reconstruction locking plate and clavicular hook locking plate: an exposition of case series and literature review
Authors: Zhang Jian-Ping , Zhang Jin-Hui , Liu Hui , Luo De-Qing , Xu Wei-Zhen , Wu Jin 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and significance:
The co-occurrence of ipsilateral midshaft clavicle fracture and acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injury, stemming from high-energy shoulder trauma, represents an exceedingly rare phenomenon. This unique injury profile has garnered limited attention within the existing literature, and a standardized surgical approach has yet to be established.

Case presentation:
A retrospective analysis encompassing three patients with simultaneous midshaft clavicle fracture and ipsilateral ACJ dislocation, spanning from January 2019 to January 2021, was undertaken. This evaluation scrutinized treatment outcomes, incorporating parameters such as operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, imaging assessments, and evaluations of shoulder function.

Clinical discussion:
Follow-up assessments were conducted over a duration of 12–25 months, with an average follow-up of 16.3±2.1 months. Encouragingly, all instances of clavicular fractures exhibited successful healing, with no instances of implant failure or ACJ redislocation observed. Notably, the mean Constant–Murley shoulder function score stood at 83.0±1.04 (ranging from 78 to 95) during the final follow-up evaluation.

Conclusion:
This study unveils a surgical approach tailored to address the intricate amalgamation of midshaft clavicle fracture and ipsilateral ACJ dislocation. The utilization of double plate fixation emerges as a promising modality for managing this specific injury constellation, showcasing notable efficacy and yielding excellent treatment outcomes.
ICG guided surgery enhances liver tumor detection: a complementary tool for intraoperative ultrasonography – a case series study
Authors: Huerta Martín , Gómez-Gavara Concepción , Martínez María , Benet Berta , Dopazo Cristina , Dalmau Mar , Salcedo María T. , Armario David , Merino Xavier , Bilbao Itxarone , Caralt Mireia , Hidalgo Ernest , Charco Ramón 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Indocyanine green (ICG) improves identification of liver tumors. The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of ICG fluorescence in detecting liver tumors when used in combination with preoperative MRI and intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS).

Methods:
The study included patients who underwent minimally invasive liver resection for malignant tumors. All patients had a preoperative MRI and had ICG administered intravenously (0.2–0.5 mg/kg) 24 h before surgery. In theater, liver parenchyma was scanned with IOUS and ICG fluorescence. Tumors identified were resected and specimens sent for pathology assessment.

Results:
Sixty-two liver lesions were resected, out of which 42 were previously reported by MRI, 46 were detected by IOUS and 53 were identified by ICG. From 42 tumors detected by MRI, 34 were histologically consistent with cancer. By adding IOUS+ICG, 20 extra lesions were resected and 10 of them were malignant. Accuracy, sensitivity(S) and specificity(E) for malignant tumor detection for MRI, IOUS, and ICG was 70.9% (S 77.2%, E 55%), 74.1% (S 84%, E 50%), and 82.2% (S 97.7%, E 44%). Combination of ICG+IOUS showed the highest results when comparing the ROC curves.

Conclusions:
ICG is a high-performance adjunct to IOUS, improving intraoperative detection of extra lesions unseen on preoperative imaging.
Toll-like receptor-8 mRNA expression as a predictor of enterocolitis in hirschsprung disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mariana Nita , Hatta Mochammad , Lia Emiliana , Lampus Harsali , Prihantono  , Russeng Syamsiar S. , Makkadafi Munawir , Fadilat Marwah , Husni Muh. Amrul , Faruk Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is an inflammatory intestinal condition occurring in patients with Hirschsprung disease (HD). While the exact pathogenesis remains unclear, factors such as intestinal mucosal barrier injury, abnormal immune responses, and pathogenic infections contribute to HAEC. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8 are key in viral recognition and correlate with intestinal mucosal inflammation. In particular, TLR-8 contributes to antiviral responses, and chronic inflammation, and can be targeted with adjuvants. This study investigates the relationship between TLR-8 mRNA expression and enterocolitis in HD.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study utilized simple random sampling. Histopathological analysis of colon samples from HD patients was used to assess enterocolitis severity, and RT-PCR quantified TLR-8 mRNA expression. HD diagnosis was confirmed via rectal biopsy, and enterocolitis was graded using Teitelbaum’s classification.

Results:
The study included 29 patients with an average age of 4.8 years. TLR-8 mRNA expression averaged 8.5 (fold change), ranging from 6.5 to 13.8. Subjects were divided into low (≤8.1) and high (>8.1) expression groups, with 15 (51.7%) and 14 (48.3%) patients, respectively. Enterocolitis severity distribution was 22 (75.9%) normal, 1 (3.4%) grade II, 4 (13.8%) grade III, and 2 (6.9%) IV.

Conclusion:
There is a significant association between TLR-8 mRNA expression and the incidence of enterocolitis in patients with HD. The authors found that increased TLR-8 mRNA expression in HD patients resulted in a twofold higher risk of enterocolitis. Altogether, our data indicates the potential for TLR-8 mRNA expression in biopsies as an indicator of the risk of enterocolitis development in patients with HD.
Investigating the Minimal Clinically Important Difference for AzBio and CNC Speech Recognition Scores
Authors: Patro Ankita , Moberly Aaron C. , Freeman Michael H. , Perkins Elizabeth L. , Jan Taha A. , Tawfik Kareem O. , O'Malley Matthew R. , Bennett Marc L. , Gifford René H. , Haynes David S. , Chowdhury Naweed I. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) values for cochlear implant-related speech recognition scores, which have not been previously reported.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingTertiary referral center.PatientsEight hundred sixty-three adult patients who underwent cochlear implantation between 2009 and 2022.Main Outcome MeasuresMCID values for consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) word scores and AzBio sentences in quiet and noise scores using distribution-based methods (half-standard deviation, standard error of measurement, Cohen'sd, and minimum detectable change).ResultsIn this cohort, the mean preoperative CNC word score was 13.9% (SD, 15.6). The mean preoperative AzBio sentences in quiet score was 19.1% (SD, 22.1), and the mean preoperative AzBio sentences in noise score was 13.0% (SD, 12.0). The average MCID values of several distribution-based methods for CNC, AzBio in quiet, and AzBio in noise were 7.4%, 9.0%, and 4.9%, respectively. Anchor-based approaches with the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of hearing patient-reported measure did not have strong classification accuracy across CNC or AzBio in quiet and noise scores (ROC areas under-the-curve ≤0.69), highlighting weak associations between improvements in speech recognition scores and subjective hearing-related abilities.ConclusionsOur estimation of MCID values for CNC and AzBio in quiet and noise allows for enhanced patient counseling and clinical interpretation of past, current, and future research studies assessing cochlear implant outcomes.
Group Sex and Behavior Change Associated With the 2022 Mpox Outbreak Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Southern California
Authors: Orta Portillo Gilbert A. , Stafylis Chrysovalantis , Tapia Yara , Klausner Jeffrey D. 
Published: September 2024

Background
The monkeypox (mpox) outbreak disproportionately affected sexually active gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. To understand community-level changes in sexual behavior, we surveyed individuals in a semi-urban area in Southern California.

Methods
Participants were recruited between October 2022 and April 2023, using palm cards and geolocation-focused online advertisements on social media and dating apps. Eligible participants were male; 18 years or older; those who reported having sex with men; residents of San Bernardino or Riverside counties, California; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative; and currently not taking preexposure prophylaxis. Descriptive analyses were performed. χ
2, Fisher exact, and Student t tests examined the association between group sex behaviors and demographics.

Results
We enrolled 91 gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men with a median age of 35 years (range, 18–70 years). Nearly half reported having participated in group sex in the past year. Overall, 48.9% of group sex participants reported changing their sexual behaviors to prevent mpox transmission, with limiting the number of sex partners being the most reported prevention strategy (47.6%). To prevent mpox infection, participants who engage in group sex reported limiting the number of sex partners (34.4%), using condoms for anal sex (16.7%), avoiding crowded social venues (14.3%), and asking partners about mpox symptoms before sex (9.5%).

Conclusions
Survey participants reported modest sexual behavior changes in response to the mpox outbreak. Group sex may increase the risk for mpox, human immunodeficiency virus, and other sexually transmitted infections; therefore, public health messages should include specific discussion of safer group sex practices in sexual health promotion.
Understanding the critical role of blood cancer spousal caregivers in clinical communication before, during, and after medical visits
Authors: Wollney Easton N. , Bylund Carma. L. , Vasquez Taylor T. , Campbell-Salome Gemme , Wright Kevin B. , Sae-Hau Maria , Weiss Elisa S. , Fisher Carla L. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The presence of a family caregiver during medical visits is common and can be important to ensure quality cancer care. Yet, little is known about caregivers' perspectives and experiences navigating triadic medical visits, including communication between caregivers, patients (or individuals with cancer), and clinicians. Using a multiple-goals theoretical framework, we sought to capture communication strategies that spousal caregivers use during triadic medical visits.

Methods:
We conducted semistructured interviews with 15 spouses providing care for a patient living with blood cancer. Caregivers were recruited using Leukemia & Lymphoma Society's constituent database. Data were thematically analyzed using a constant comparative method approach.

Results:
Findings demonstrated that caregivers use communication strategies not just during the triadic medical visit but before, during, after, and ongoing throughout visits. We identified eight communication strategies associated with caregivers' goals. Caregivers discuss questions together, keep lists, search for online information, exchange information, ask questions, take notes, debrief together, and advocate for care.

Conclusion:
Caregivers' lived accounts demonstrate how their communication approaches are motivated by care-related goals. Themes draw attention to key strategies that can inform communication skills interventions for clinicians, patients, and their spouses across identified phases.
Examining the Relationship Between Local Governmental Expenditures on the Social Determinants of Health and County-Level Overdose Deaths, 2017-2020
Authors: Lindenfeld Zoe , Mauri Amanda I. , Chang Ji E. 
Published: September 2024

Context
Prior studies have examined the social determinants of health (SDOH) characteristics of counties with elevated rates of overdose deaths. However, this research often ignores variation in upstream governmental investment in these SDOH categories.

Objective
To examine the association of local governmental investments in SDOH with drug overdose mortality at the county level, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.

Design
Longitudinal analysis from 2017 to 2020.

Setting
United States counties.

Participants
3126 counties.

Main Outcome and Measures
The primary study outcome was county overdose death rates per 100 000 population taken from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The main predictor of interest was the per capita average of local governmental expenditures in public health, social service, and education drawn from the US Census of Governments, categorized into quartiles. Covariates included county-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics as well as county-level SUD services from the AHRQ SDOH Database.

Results
In longitudinal multivariate linear regression models with state and year fixed effects, counties in the highest 3 quartiles of SDOH spending had significantly lower rates of overdose deaths compared with counties in the lowest quartile of SDOH spending; in particular, counties in quartile 2 had an average of 9.09 fewer overdose deaths per 100 000 population (95% CI: −12.58, −5.60), counties in quartile 3 had an average of 13.18 fewer deaths per 100 000 population (95% CI: −17.56; −8.80), and counties in quartile 4 had an average of 13.92 deaths per 100 000 population (95% CI: −19.16, −8.68).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that higher levels of local governmental investments in SDOH were associated with significantly lower rates of overdose death in US counties after controlling for socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Going forward, research should focus on determining causality in this relationship, the mechanisms through which this relationship occurs, as well as assess the impact of local public health expenditures allocated toward SUD prevention and treatment specifically on substance use outcomes at the local level.
The EORTC QLQ breast modules and the FACT-B for assessing quality of life in breast cancer patients – an updated literature review
Authors: Wang Alyssa J. , Hircock Caroline , Sferrazza Dominic , Goonaratne Ethan , Cella David , Bottomley Andrew , Lee Shing Fung , Chan Adrian , Chow Edward , Wong Henry C. Y. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
Two commonly used quality of life questionnaires in breast cancer are EORTC QLQ-BR23, the FACT-B, and the extended FACT-B + 4. More recently, the EORTC EORTC QLQ-BR42 was developed. This systematic review compares the various versions of the EORTC QLQ and FACT tools for breast cancer in terms of their content, validity, and psychometric properties.

Recent findings
Thirty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. All questionnaires have been proven to be valid, reliable and responsive. The provisional EORTC QLQ-BR45 transitioned to the EORTC QLQ-BR42 in Phase IV of its development, which encompasses the side effects associated with the latest breast cancer treatments. Both the EORTC and FACT measures assess physical and mental dimensions of quality of life, with the EORTC measure placing relatively more emphasis on physical content and FACT placing relatively more emphasis on mental (social and emotional) content. The four additional items in the FACT-B + 4 were developed to address arm lymphoedema following axillary surgery.

Summary
The development and uptake of quality of life tools are essential in the evaluation of breast cancer treatments. The EORTC QLQ-BR42 and FACT-B are both valid, reliable, and responsive QoL questionnaires.
Neural Dynamics Underlying False Alarms in Extrastriate Cortex
Authors: Sahoo Bikash , Snyder Adam C. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe unfolding of neural population activity can be approximated as a dynamical system. Stability in the latent dynamics that characterize neural population activity has been linked with consistency in animal behavior, such as motor control or value-based decision-making. However, whether similar dynamics characterize perceptual activity and decision-making in the visual cortex is not well understood. To test this, we recorded V4 populations in monkeys engaged in a non-match-to-sample visual change-detection task that required sustained engagement. We measured how the stability in the latent dynamics in V4 might affect monkeys’ perceptual behavior. Specifically, we reasoned that unstable sensory neural activity around dynamic attractor boundaries may make animals susceptible to taking incorrect actions when withholding action would have been correct (“false alarms”). We made three key discoveries: 1) greater stability was associated with longer trial sequences; 2) false alarm rate decreased (and reaction times slowed) when neural dynamics were more stable; and, 3) low stability predicted false alarms on a single-trial level, and this relationship depended on the elapsed time during the trial, consistent with the latent neural state approaching an attractor boundary. Our results suggest the same outward false alarm behavior can be attributed to two different potential strategies that can be disambiguated by examining neural stability: 1) premeditated false alarms that might lead to greater stability in population dynamics and faster reaction time and 2) false alarms due to unstable sensory activity consistent with misperception.