bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coûts et bénéfices d’un programme de financement des psychothérapies auprès des Français souffrant de troubles dépressifs ou anxieux
Authors: Dezetter Anne , Briffault Xavier 
Published: May 2016

Les psychothérapies structurées sont des traitements des troubles dépressifs ou anxieux recommandés par les guides de bonne pratique internationaux, dont l’efficacité et l’impact positif sur la santé et les coûts, ont été largement démontrés. Toutefois en France, malgré le lourd fardeau économique que ces troubles représentent, les psychothérapies effectuées avec un psychothérapeute non-médecin ne sont pas remboursées.
L’étude vise à évaluer les coûts et bénéfices qu’un programme de prise en charge partiel des psychothérapies permettrait pour les Français souffrant de troubles dépressifs ou anxieux.
Les données sont issues d’une enquête transversale portant sur 20 777 adultes en population générale. L’évaluation économique s’est inspirée de la méthodologie du programme anglais Improving Access for Psychological Therapies adaptée à la France. Le coût de la séance a été estimé à 41 EUR, le taux de remboursement à 60 % ; les coûts annuels induits par les troubles dépressifs à 4 702 EUR, par les troubles anxieux à 1 500 EUR ; et le taux de rémission attribuable aux psychothérapies à 30 % +/-10 %.
Résultats Pour le suivi moyen de 12,1 séances, le coût du suivi psychothérapeutique annuel s’élèverait à 308 millions EUR pour le régime obligatoire, pour traiter 2,3 % de la population. Le ratio coût-bénéfice de la psychothérapie s’élèverait, pour les troubles dépressifs à 1,95 EUR (1,30-2,60) et pour les troubles anxieux à 1,14 EUR (0,76-1,52).
Financer les psychothérapies s’avère être un investissement rentable à court et long terme, d’autant plus que l’impact sur la rémission des troubles somatiques n’a pas été évalué. Le nombre de psychothérapeutes nécessaires s’avère suffisant pour cette prise en charge.
La formation aux psychothérapies des internes en psychiatrie en France : résultats d’une analyse qualitative
Authors: Van Effenterre Aude , Azoulay Marion , Briffault Xavier , Dezetter Anne , Champion Françoise 
Published: May 2016

Objectif Connaître l’opinion des internes en psychiatrie sur la qualité perçue de leur formation aux psychothérapies et leurs souhaits de formation.
Méthode Une enquête en deux volets, quantitative et qualitative a été effectuée auprès de 869 internes sur 1 334 inscrits au Diplôme d’Etudes Spécialisées en psychiatrie pour l’année 2009-2010. Cinq thématiques ont été abordées dans les deux volets : formation théorique universitaire, psychanalyse, formation extra-universitaire, supervision, souhaits de formation. Cet article présente les résultats de l’enquête sociologique qualitative qui a été réalisée par entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 27 internes. L’enquête questionnait en détail leurs conceptions et pratiques des psychothérapies et la place qu’ils leur donnent dans l’exercice de la psychiatrie.
Résultats La grande majorité des internes est intéressée par la psychothérapie tout en considérant sa formation insatisfaisante. Un interne sur deux opte pour des formations extra-universitaires, coûteuses en temps et en finances. Les orientations et méthodes psychothérapeutiques choisies sont diverses, parce que cette diversité est considérée comme une richesse et pour une bonne pratique de la psychiatrie. Ils conçoivent la psychothérapie comme une pratique médicale, estimant qu’il est de la responsabilité de la psychiatrie d’assurer la formation aux psychothérapies.
Conclusion L’absence de véritable formation aux psychothérapies des internes en psychiatrie est un préjudice pour la qualité des soins en psychiatrie. La création récente d’un titre protégé de psychothérapeute auquel les psychiatres peuvent prétendre de droit, sans formation additionnelle, appelle d’urgence l’élaboration d’une formation. Une proposition des auteurs devrait être discutée en relation avec les réflexions déjà menées ou en cours dans d’autres pays.
La thérapie informatisée : une option pouvant faciliter l’accès à la thérapie chez les jeunes adultes ?
Authors: Talbot France , LeBlanc Josée , Jbilou Jalila 
Published: May 2016

Introduction Les jeunes adultes ont, au Canada, les plus hauts taux de prévalence de l’anxiété et de la dépression, et sont aussi ceux qui utilisent le moins les services traditionnels de santé mentale. Faciliter l’accès à la thérapie chez les jeunes est ainsi particulièrement important, et ce, encore davantage dans les régions canadiennes plus rurales et auprès des minorités linguistiques. La thérapie informatisée pourrait être une option.
Objectifs Cette étude vise à évaluer jusqu’à quel point l’autostigmatisation, un besoin d’autonomie et les attitudes face à la thérapie informatisée permettent de prédire l’intention d’utiliser cette thérapie chez de jeunes adultes francophones. L’impact de la visite du site Web d’une clinique virtuelle sur cette intention a également été évalué.
Méthode Quarante-quatre étudiants fréquentant une université francophone du Nouveau-Brunswick ont complété, en ligne, des mesures autorapportées avant et suite à la visite du site Web de la clinique virtuelle MindSpot, en Australie, qui offre des thérapies informatisées.
Résultats Une séquence de corrélations significatives entre les variables étudiées est observée, mais seules des attitudes plus positives à l’égard de la thérapie informatisée sont directement corrélées à une plus grande intention de l’utiliser. La visite du site Web a produit une augmentation significative et importante de l’intention d’utiliser la thérapie informatisée.
Conclusions La thérapie informatisée pourrait faciliter l’accès aux traitements fondés sur les données probantes du stress, de l’anxiété et de la dépression chez les jeunes adultes francophones du Nouveau-Brunswick, voir d’autres parties du Canada. Cette approche demeure peu répandue encore à travers le pays.
Single/Dual-Polarized Infrared Rectenna for Solar Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zainud-Deen S. H. , Eltresy N. A. , Malhat H. A. , Awadalla K. H. 
Published: May 2016

Single and dual linearly-polarized receiving mode nanoantennas are designed for solar energy harvesting at 28.3 THz. The infrared rectennas are used to harvest the solar energy and converting it to electrical energy. The proposed infrared rectenna is a thin dipole made of gold and printed on a silicon dioxide substrate. Different shapes of the dipole arms have been investigated for maximum collected energy. The two poles of the dipole have been determined in a rectangular, circular and rhombus shapes. The rectenna dipole is used to concentrate the electromagnetic energy into a small localized area at the inner tips of the gap between the dipole arms. The dimensions of the different dipole shapes are optimized for maximum near electric field intensity at a frequency of 28.3 THz. A Metal Insulator Metal (MIM) diode is incorporated with the nanoantenna dipole to rectify the received energy. The receiving efficiency of the solar energy collector with integrated MIM diode has been investigated. A dual-polarized, four arms, rhombus shaped nanoantenna dipole for solar energy harvesting has been designed and optimized for 28.3 THz applications.
Stepwise tailward retreat of magnetic reconnection: THEMIS observations of an auroral substorm
Authors: Ieda A. , Nishimura Y. , Miyashita Y. , Angelopoulos V. , Runov A. , Nagai T. , Frey H. U. , Fairfield D. H. , Slavin J. A. , Vanhamäki H. , Uchino H. , Fujii R. , Miyoshi Y. , Machida S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAuroral stepwise poleward expansions were clarified by investigating a multiple‐onset substorm that occurred on 27 February 2009. Five successive auroral brightenings were identified in all‐sky images, occurring at approximately 10 min intervals. The first brightening was a faint precursor. The second brightening had a wide longitude; thus, it represented the Akasofu substorm onset. Other brightenings expanded poleward; thus, they were interpreted to be auroral breakups. These breakups occurred stepwise; that is, later breakups were initiated at higher latitudes. Corresponding reconnection signatures were studied using Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellite observations between 8 and 24 RE down the magnetotail. The Akasofu substorm onset was not accompanied by a clear reconnection signature in the tail. In contrast, the three subsequent auroral breakups occurred simultaneously (within a few minutes) with three successive fast flows at 24 RE; thus, these were interpreted to be associated with impulsive reconnection episodes. These three fast flows consisted of a tailward flow and two subsequent earthward flows. The flow reversal at the second breakup indicated that a tailward retreat of the near‐Earth reconnection site occurred during the substorm expansion phase. In addition, the earthward flow at the third breakup was consistent with the classic tailward retreat near the end of the expansion phase; therefore, the tailward retreat is likely to have occurred in a stepwise manner. We interpreted the stepwise characteristics of the tailward retreat and poleward expansion to be potentially associated by a stepwise magnetic flux pileup.
Spatiotemporal distribution of seawater pH in the North Pacific subpolar region by using the parameterization technique
Authors: Li Bofeng , Watanabe Yutaka W. , Yamaguchi Azusa 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe provided parameterizations to speculate changes in the vertical distributions of the seawater total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and pH by using all available observations of dissolved oxygen (DO, µmol kg−1), water temperature (T, ºC), and salinity (S) data from previous high quality data sets of ocean hydrographic properties. All data sets were collected in the North Pacific subpolar region during the period of 2000–2010, for 40–400 m depth, and between 40°N and 56°N, 145°E and 130°W). Root mean square errors for the parameterizations with 7.4 µmol kg−1 for TA, 7.1 µmol kg−1 for DIC, and 0.02 for pH were obtained with R2 of more than 0.95. To evaluate the validity of these parameterizations, we compared measured TA, DIC, and pH with predicted values. The differences were almost within 10 µmol kg−1 for TA and DIC, and 0.05 for pH. Applying our parameterizations to the climatological data sets of DO, T, and S data from World Ocean Atlas 2009, we reconstructed seasonal and monthly vertical distributions of seawater TA, DIC, and pH. Furthermore, by substituting our parameterizations into detailed vertical distributions of DO, T, and S data measured bi‐weekly by automatic ocean hydrographic sensors from Argo profiling floats, we described the detailed vertical spatiotemporal distributions of seawater TA, DIC, and pH. In the North Pacific subpolar region, in the case that there is no time‐series of ocean carbon species, our parameterizations allowed us to elucidate the dynamics of ocean carbon chemistry from two–week scale to decadal scale.
Transport versus energetic particle precipitation: Northern polar stratospheric NOx and ozone in January–March 2012
Authors: Päivärinta S.‐M. , Verronen P. T. , Funke B. , Gardini A. , Seppälä A. , Andersson M. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn early 2012, a strong sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) took place, accompanied by several medium‐scale solar proton events (SPEs). Here we use a chemistry transport model (CTM) in order to assess the relative contributions of (1) intensified downward transport of odd nitrogen (NOx) and (2) in situ production of NOx by protons, on stratospheric NOx and ozone during January–March 2012. The CTM is constrained by an upper boundary condition for reactive nitrogen (NOy) species, based on satellite observations from Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board Envisat, and includes a new parameterization of the SPE‐caused effects on NOy and odd hydrogen (HOx) species. We found that the amount of NOx increases due to both transport and in situ production effects, the intensified descent of NOx dominating the middle and upper stratospheric impact. The model results indicate NOx enhancements of 120–3300% (5–48 ppbv) between 38 and 50 km, caused by the transport of mesosphere/lower thermosphere NOx down to the stratosphere following the SSW. The SPEs increase NOx by up to 820–1200% (14–21 ppbv) at 33 to 50 km. The effect on the stratospheric ozone is larger following the downward transport of NOx than during and after the SPEs. The model predicts ozone losses of up to 17% and 9% at around 40 km due to transport and SPE effects, respectively.
Peak precipitation intensity in relation to atmospheric conditions and large‐scale forcing at midlatitudes
Authors: Loriaux Jessica M. , Lenderink Geert , Siebesma A. Pier 
Published: May 2016

AbstractResearch on relations between atmospheric conditions and extreme precipitation is important to understand and model present‐day climate extremes and assess how precipitation extremes might evolve in a future climate. Here we present a statistical analysis of the relation between large‐scale conditions and hourly precipitation at midlatitudes, by using observations of the Netherlands combined with a regional reanalysis. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the typical large‐scale atmospheric conditions and large‐scale forcing associated with extreme hourly precipitation and determine the typical differences between cases of extreme precipitation and weaker events. To avoid double counting, we perform an event‐based analysis and consider the hourly peak intensity, rather than all hourly data. Atmospheric large‐scale profiles consistently show a clear separation between precipitation deciles, characterized by increasing instability and moisture content of the atmosphere for more extreme precipitation. Furthermore, stronger events are characterized by larger atmospheric forcing preceding the event, which primarily relates to vertical motions. Based on these results, four atmospheric parameters, describing atmospheric moisture, stability and large‐scale convergence, are analyzed as potential indicators of strong precipitation events. Despite positive relations between these parameters and the peak intensity, their correlations are found to be weak.
Statistical characterization of spatiotemporal sediment dynamics in the Venice lagoon
Authors: Carniello Luca , D'Alpaos Andrea , Botter Gianluca , Rinaldo Andrea 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCharacterizing the dynamics of suspended sediment is crucial when investigating the long‐term evolution of tidal landscapes. Here we apply a widely tested mathematical model which describes the dynamics of cohesive and noncohesive sediments, driven by the combined effect of tidal currents and wind waves, using 1 year long time series of observed water levels and wind data from the Venice lagoon. The spatiotemporal evolution of the computed suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is analyzed on the basis of the “peak over threshold” theory. Our analysis suggests that events characterized by high SSC can be modeled as a marked Poisson process over most of the lagoon. The interarrival time between two consecutive over threshold events, the intensity of peak excesses, and the duration are found to be exponentially distributed random variables over most of tidal flats. Our study suggests that intensity and duration of over threshold events are temporally correlated, while almost no correlation exists between interarrival times and both durations and intensities. The benthic vegetation colonizing the central southern part of the Venice lagoon is found to exert a crucial role on sediment dynamics: vegetation locally decreases the frequency of significant resuspension events by affecting spatiotemporal patterns of SSCs also in adjacent areas. Spatial patterns of the mean interarrival of over threshold SSC events are found to be less heterogeneous than the corresponding patterns of mean interarrivals of over threshold bottom shear stress events because of the role of advection/dispersion processes in mixing suspended sediments within the lagoon. Implications for long‐term morphodynamic modeling of tidal environments are discussed.
Analysis of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) in GPS TEC launched by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake
Authors: Crowley Geoff , Azeem Irfan , Reynolds Adam , Duly Timothy M. , McBride Patrick , Winkler Clive , Hunton Don 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTraveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) have been detected using various measurement techniques, including HF sounders, incoherent scatter radars, in situ measurements, and optical techniques. However, observations of TIDs have tended to be sparse and there is a need for additional observations to provide new scientific insight into the geophysical source phenomenology and wave propagation physics. The dense network of GPS receivers around the globe offers a relatively new data source to observe and monitor TIDs. In this paper, we use total electron content (TEC) measurements from ~4000 GPS receivers throughout the continental United States to observe TIDs associated with the 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunami. The tsunami propagated across the Pacific to the U.S. west coast over several hours, and we show that corresponding TIDs were observed in the US. Using this network of GPS receivers we present a 2D imaging of TEC perturbations and calculate various TID parameters, including horizontal wavelength, speed, and period. Well‐formed, planar TIDs were detected over the west coast of the U.S. ~10 h after the earthquake. Fast Fourier transform analysis of the observed waveforms revealed that the period of the wave was 15.1 min with a horizontal wavelength of 194.8 km, phase velocity of 233.0 m/s, and an azimuth of 105.2° (propagating nearly due east in the direction of the tsunami wave). These results are consistent with the TID observations in airglow measurements from Hawaii earlier in the day and with other GPS TEC observations.
Scale invariance of subsurface flow patterns and its limitation
Authors: Hergarten S. , Winkler G. , Birk S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPreferential flow patterns in the subsurface are of great importance for the availability and the quality of water resources. However, knowledge of their spatial structure is still behind their importance, so that understanding the nature of preferential flow patterns is a major issue in subsurface hydrology. Comparing the statistics of river catchment sizes and spring discharges, we found that the morphology of preferential subsurface flow patterns is probably scale invariant and similar to that of dendritic river networks. This result is not limited to karstic aquifers where the occurrence of dendritic structures has been known at least qualitatively for a long time. The scale invariance even seems to be independent of the lithology of the aquifer. However, scale invariance of river patterns seems to be only limited by the continental scale, while scale invariance of subsurface flow patterns breaks down at much smaller scales. The upper limit of scale invariance in subsurface flow patterns is highly variable. We found a range from thousands of square kilometers for limestone aquifers down to less than 1 km2 in the weathered zone and debris accumulations of crystalline rocks.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of large lake hypoxia: Integrating statistical and three‐dimensional dynamic models to enhance lake management criteria
Authors: Bocaniov Serghei A. , Scavia Donald 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHypoxia or low bottom water dissolved oxygen (DO) is a world‐wide problem of management concern requiring an understanding and ability to monitor and predict its spatial and temporal dynamics. However, this is often made difficult in large lakes and coastal oceans because of limited spatial and temporal coverage of field observations. We used a calibrated and validated three‐dimensional ecological model of Lake Erie to extend a statistical relationship between hypoxic extent and bottom water DO concentrations to explore implications of the broader temporal and spatial development and dissipation of hypoxia. We provide the first numerical demonstration that hypoxia initiates in the nearshore, not the deep portion of the basin, and that the threshold used to define hypoxia matters in both spatial and temporal dynamics and in its sensitivity to climate. We show that existing monitoring programs likely underestimate both maximum hypoxic extent and the importance of low oxygen in the nearshore, discuss implications for ecosystem and drinking water protection, and recommend how these results could be used to efficiently and economically extend monitoring programs.
The response time of the magnetopause reconnection location to changes in the solar wind: MMS case study
Authors: Trattner K. J. , Burch J. L. , Ergun R. , Fuselier S. A. , Gomez R. G. , Grimes E. W. , Lewis W. S. , Mauk B. , Petrinec S. M. , Pollock C. J. , Phan T. D. , Vines S. K. , Wilder F. D. , Young D. T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReconnection at the Earth's magnetopause is the mechanism by which magnetic fields in different regions change topology to create open magnetic field lines that allow energy, mass, and momentum to flow into the magnetosphere. It is the primary science goal of the recently launched MMS mission to unlock the mechanism of magnetic reconnection with a novel suite of plasma and field instruments. This study investigates several magnetopause crossings in the vicinity of the X‐line on 19 September 2015 and compares the observed X‐line location with predictions from the Maximum Magnetic Shear model. Rotations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during the magnetopause crossings together with the close proximity of the four MMS satellites are used to determine the response time of the reconnection X‐line location to changes in the IMF. The reconnection location exhibits a continuous motion during slow changes in the IMF but a delayed response to sudden changes in the IMF.
Ion‐scale secondary flux ropes generated by magnetopause reconnection as resolved by MMS
Authors: Eastwood J. P. , Phan T. D. , Cassak P. A. , Gershman D. J. , Haggerty C. , Malakit K. , Shay M. A. , Mistry R. , Øieroset M. , Russell C. T. , Slavin J. A. , Argall M. R. , Avanov L. A. , Burch J. L. , Chen L. J. , Dorelli J. C. , Ergun R. E. , Giles B. L. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Lavraud B. , Lindqvist P. A. , Moore T. E. , Nakamura R. , Paterson W. , Pollock C. , Strangeway R. J. , Torbert R. B. , Wang S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNew Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of small‐scale (~7 ion inertial length radius) flux transfer events (FTEs) at the dayside magnetopause are reported. The 10 km MMS tetrahedron size enables their structure and properties to be calculated using a variety of multispacecraft techniques, allowing them to be identified as flux ropes, whose flux content is small (~22 kWb). The current density, calculated using plasma and magnetic field measurements independently, is found to be filamentary. Intercomparison of the plasma moments with electric and magnetic field measurements reveals structured non‐frozen‐in ion behavior. The data are further compared with a particle‐in‐cell simulation. It is concluded that these small‐scale flux ropes, which are not seen to be growing, represent a distinct class of FTE which is generated on the magnetopause by secondary reconnection.