bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Food Animals and Gastroenteritis Cases in Qatar
Authors: Peters Kenlyn , Chang YuChen , Duhamel Gerald , Sultan Ali A , Doiphode Sanjay , Ibrahim Emad M , Mohammed Hussni O. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND: Campylobacter and Salmonella are two of the major foodborne pathogens that contribute to the burden of disease. The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) has been identified as one of the virulence factors that may contribute to pathogenesis and gastroenteritis. The CDT is a trimeric subunit toxin produced by gram-negative bacteria that initiates cell-cycle arrest and causes affected cells to die by apoptosis. This study investigated the occurrence of CDT among Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. isolates recovered from animals along the food supply chain and from gastroenteritis cases in Qatar.METHODS: Samples were screened for the presence of the two pathogens using a combination of bacterial enrichment and molecular detection and positive samples were examined for the presence of CDT using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach. RESULTS: C. jejuni and C. coli occurred at similar rates among non-human sources, whereas C. jejuni occurred at a higher rate compared to C. coli in human cases. Both cdtB and cdtC were detected at a higher rate among C. jejuni than C. coli recovered from human cases. Only cdtB was detected in Salmonella spp. isolates from animals and at a much lower rate.CONCLUSIONS: The presence of CDT in isolates recovered from gastroenteritis cases suggests a role in the pathogenesis of the condition. Furthermore, the detection of CDT among food animal isolates along the food supply chain highlights the potential zoonotic risk.
Le développement moral de l’individu : penser Habermas contre Habermas pour l’éducation éthique au primaire et au secondaire
Authors: Robichaud Arianne 
Published: August 2017

Jürgen Habermas est, sans conteste, l’un des plus importants théoriciens de l’éthique au XXe siècle : ses ouvrages jouissent d’une réputation bien établie en morale, en droit ou en bioéthique, et le concept de rationalité développé en 1981 dans sa Théorie de l’agir communicationnel s’avère particulièrement riche pour caractériser les différents types de discussion prenant place entre les acteurs sociaux. Toutefois, la pensée habermassienne est toujours peu mobilisée dans la recherche francophone et québécoise en sciences de l’éducation, notamment au regard de ce qu’elle peut offrir pour une exploration des fondements des cours d’éthique et de culture religieuse obligatoire pour les élèves du primaire et du secondaire au Québec. Dès lors, que nous dévoile-t-elle sur le développement moral et éthique des enfants et quel est l’état actuel de la recherche concernant les principales idées défendues par Habermas dans le cadre de sa théorie développementale? Quelles critiques pouvons-nous formuler à l’endroit de ce modèle et des différentes recherches qui le convoquent en éducation? Telles sont quelques-unes des questions auxquelles tente de répondre ce texte, qui vise une réactualisation de la pensée habermassienne pour l’éducation éthique au primaire et au secondaire.
L’éducation éthique dans les orientations du programme québécois Éthique et culture religieuse : une éducation au vivre-ensemble?
Authors: Bouchard Nancy , Daniel Marie-France , Desruisseaux Jean-Claude 
Published: August 2017

Cette étude analyse le programme québécois Éthique et culture religieuse (ECR) dans le cadre de nos travaux sur l’éducation éthique et au vivre-ensemble. Bien que le vivre-ensemble soit une préoccupation majeure en éducation, il demeure un concept au statut incertain. Pour tenter de dépasser cette incertitude, nous nous sommes penchés dans notre étude sur l’analyse de programmes dont est attendue une telle éducation. À cette fin, nous avons construit un modèle d’analyse en sept composantes éthiques : trois composantes simples et quatre composantes maillées. Nous avons utilisé ce modèle comme grille pour étudier les compétences déployées dans le programme ECR. Dans ce texte, nous présentons les résultats de l’analyse. Le portrait qui s’en dégage montre qu’une éducation au vivre-ensemble est présente sous forme de pratique de délibération dans le dialogue et sous forme d’acquisition de connaissances sur les cultures religieuses. Il montre aussi que le vivre-ensemble s’apprend en sollicitant plus particulièrement la dimension cognitive et rationnelle de l’élève en tant que citoyen. Par ailleurs, l’analyse révèle que la réflexion critique sur ses propres modèles de référence ainsi qu’une approche compréhensive de l’autre et la connaissance de ce qui nous structure socialement restent faibles ou absentes.
Militer par le témoignage public : défis et retombées pour les communautés sexuelles et de genres
Authors: Mensah Maria Nengeh , Bastien Charlebois Janik , Vallerand Olivier , Wesley Sandra , Monteith Ken 
Published: August 2017

Dans cet article, nous nous penchons sur l’expérience du militantisme par le biais des témoignages de personnes qui luttent pour l’inclusion sociale de leurs communautés sexuelles et de genres. Nous décrivons l’expérience de militantes et militants issus de trois groupes sociaux minorisés en raison de leur sexualité et de leur expression de genre ou du développement de leur corps sexué : les personnes lesbiennes, gaies, bisexuelles, trans, queer et intersexes (LGBTQI), les personnes vivant avec le VIH et les personnes ayant une expérience de travail du sexe — ainsi que leurs intersections. Nous mettons de l’avant une conception politique, sensible et intersectionnelle de la notion de communauté afin de dresser un portrait transversal des expériences de militance par le témoignage tout en relevant les singularités des points de vue qui la composent. En guise de conclusion, nous dégageons les éléments qui permettent d’entrevoir ces militantes et militants et leurs prises de parole publiques comme le prolongement des interventions féministes du siècle dernier et comme lieu de nombreux défis épistémiques et de mobilisation.
La participation et l’action militante des comités de parents à travers l’évolution
sociohistorique des maisons de naissance québécoises
Authors: Lorrain Roxanne 
Published: August 2017

L’article suivant examine la participation des usagères dans les maisons de
naissance du Québec en analysant son évolution sociohistorique, et ce, du point de vue des
comités de parents. Il s’appuie sur une recherche qualitative menée auprès de femmes membres
de comités de parents pour comprendre comment les groupes militants s’organisent et
développent des moyens d’action concrets, novateurs, adaptés à leur réalité et répondant aux
besoins de leur collectivité. Cet article propose de situer la problématique à l’étude en
abordant les contextes historique, politique, juridique et institutionnel, ainsi qu’en
présentant la pratique sage-femme. Les résultats de recherche, analysés selon un cadre
conceptuel de la participation, permettent d’identifier le désir des femmes de s’engager
dans une maternité respectée, pour elles-mêmes et leur collectivité, de dégager une
typologie des comités de parents et de leurs activités, de cerner les défis rencontrés et
les stratégies déployées par les usagères et, enfin, d’aborder leurs perspectives sur leur
participation au sein des comités.
Tidal transport of inorganic carbon and nutrients in a coastal salt marsh (Bay of Cádiz, SW Spain)
Authors: Forja JM , Ortega T , Ponce R , De-la-Paz M , Rubio JA , Gómez-Parra A. 
Published: August 2017

The Bay of Cádiz is surrounded by a broad zone of salt marshes that exchange water through a seawater channel 18 km in length (the Sancti Petri Channel). These littoral zones are characterized by their extreme shallowness (with a mean depth of less than 1 m) and their high content of organic matter, which in relative terms is highest in the surface sediments (between 1.2% and 2.6% organic carbon). Under these conditions, an intensive benthic regeneration of nutrients takes place, with mean fluxes in the zone of 83.2 ± 36.9 mmol m–2 d–1 of inorganic carbon, 6.36 ± 4.56 mmol m–2 d–1 of NH4+, 1.14 ± 0.56 mmol m–2 d–1 of HPO4 2– and 4.54 ± 2.25 mmol m–2 d–1 of SiO2. A proportion of these nutrients and inorganic carbon produced make their way through secondary channels to the Sancti Petri Channel, and the material is later transported by the tides to the Bay of Cádiz and other bordering littoral zones. In this work, the concentrations of inorganic carbon and nutrients (NH4+, NO2–, NO3–, HPO42– and SiO2) have been determined at three different depths, every hour, during complete tidal cycles. Simultaneously, the current velocities at different depths have been measured continuously. From this set of experimental data, calculations have been made of the evolution of the instantaneous velocities of these substances at each end of the channel, and by integration, the net balance for the complete tidal cycle. In general terms, there is an export of inorganic carbon and nutrients with the tides, although the net transports are very variable and depend to a large extent on the hydrodynamics of the zone. The results obtained correlate with balances previously made in the Bay of Cádiz.
Chemical speciation of dissolved lead in polluted environments. A case of study: the Pontevedra Ria (NW Spain)
Authors: Cobelo-García A , Prego R , Nieto O 
Published: August 2017

Chemical speciation of dissolved lead was determined at four sampling sites in the Pontevedra Ría (NW Spain) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) with a HMDE. Sampling location was chosen due to its evident anthropogenic influence: one sample was taken in the Lérez River mouth (2.2-salinity) and other three samples were taken in the surroundings of the village of Marín (salinity 30–32). Lead concentrations were 0.64 nM (river sample) and 4.8–21.9 nM (saline samples). Speciation results showed that organic chelates of lead, 88–95% of total dissolved lead, are the dominant species of the metal even at these high concentrations. Two types of lead organic complexing ligands were detected in all samples. The river water sample showed the presence of a strong ligand with a concentration of ~7 nM with a conditional stability constant of K'Pb-L1 ≥ 1011.1, and a weaker ligand (K'Pb-L2 = 108.2) with a concentration of 53.4 nM. The three saline samples showed similar behavior: a strong ligand (K'Pb-L1 ~ 108.6) with concentration ranging from 33.0 to 53.5 nM, and a weaker complexing ligand (K'Pb-L2 ~ 107.5) with concentration ranging from 32.6 to 50.5 nM. All lead-organic ligand complexes (except the strong complex in the river water sample) showed labile behavior in the time scale of the technique.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Reporting, Clinical Outcomes, and Health Care Resource Use
Authors: Nguyen Mau T. , Lambrakis Kristina , Lehman Sam , Haustead Daniel , Psaltis Peter J. , Chew Derek P. , Papendick Cynthia 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceDespite being recommended by clinical guidelines, substantial concerns remain regarding the use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays and whether it is associated with increased resource use, myocardial infarction (MI) or myocardial injury diagnoses, and procedural rates.ObjectiveTo characterize the association of reporting high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) to the lowest limit of quantification vs conventional troponin reporting with clinical outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used a historically controlled baseline and follow-up design to compare clinical outcomes after changing hs-cTnT reporting to the lowest limit of quantification. All patients aged 18 years or older presenting to any public emergency department (ED) in the state of South Australia between February 1, 2020, and February 28, 2021, who had an hs-cTnT test in the 6 months before and after the change in troponin reporting practice were included. Outcomes were assessed after adjusting for patient characteristics using inverse probability treatment weighting. The data analysis was performed between May 1, 2022, and July 27, 2023.Exposurehs-cTcnT reporting.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were frequency of diagnosed MI, coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG); hospital length of stay; and ED discharge rate as measured using time-to-event Cox regression models. The secondary outcome was the composite 12-month event rate of all-cause mortality, MI, and myocardial injury.ResultsA total of 40 921 patients were included, of whom 20 206 were included in the unmasked hs-cTnT reporting group (median [IQR] age, 62.0 [46.0-77.0]; 10 120 females [50.1%]) and 20 715 were included in the conventional troponin reporting group (median [IQR] age, 63.0 [47.0-77.0] years; 10 752 males [51.9%]). Unmasked hs-cTnT reporting was associated with higher ED discharge rates (45.2% vs 39.0%; P &amp;lt; .001) and a shorter median hospital length of stay (7.68 [IQR, 4.32-46.80] hours vs 7.92 [IQR, 4.56-49.92] hours; P &amp;lt; .001). There was no difference in diagnosis of MI, coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft. The composite of all-cause mortality, MI, and myocardial injury at 12 months was similar (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90-1.01; P = .09).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found that unrestricted reporting of hs-cTnT results to the lowest limit of quantification was not associated with an increase in the diagnosis of MI, invasive coronary procedures, or harm at 12 months but may be associated with improved hospital resource use.
Influence of Positive/Negative Emotions Towards Autobiographical Memories on Impressions of the Conversation and Conversation Partner During Nostalgic Memory Sharing
Authors: Sugimori Eriko , Kusumi Takashi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWe investigated the effects of positive/negative emotions towards autobiographical memories on impressions of the conversation and conversation partner during memory sharing in a reminiscence therapy setting. Fifty‐six older (Mage = 69.3) and 60 younger (Mage = 20.7) participants' net emotional tendency (positive/negative) towards autobiographical memories and depressive symptoms were evaluated using validated rating scales. Positive/positive and positive/negative age‐matched random pairs shared a nostalgic memory through free conversation. Participants with a negative emotional tendency towards autobiographical memories in positive/negative pairs tended to feel less “easy” about the conversation. Participants with a positive emotional tendency towards autobiographical memories in positive/negative pairs had a more negative impression of their partners. Our data provide insight into the relationship between net emotional tendency towards autobiographical memories and depression and suggest that an individual's net emotional tendency towards autobiographical memories potentially affects the outcome of group reminiscence therapy.
Phase Heterojunction by Constructing Built‐In Electric Field toward Sodium‐Rich Cathode Material
Authors: Lai Qingsong , Liu Chen , Gao Xuan‐Wen , Liu Zhaomeng , Yang Dongrun , Nie Zhen , Li Wei , Gu Qinfen , Luo Wen‐Bin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn artificial built‐in electric field from phase heterojunction is constructed within sodium‐rich manganese‐based layer‐structured oxide O3‐Na[Ni0.3Mn0.55Cu0.1Ti0.05]O2@Na2MoO4 through shared oxygen atoms. The spinel Na2MoO4 phase behaves as a p‐type semiconductor, while the O3‐Na[Ni0.3Mn0.55Cu0.1Ti0.05]O2 phase functions as an n‐type semiconductor. It can efficiently reduce the diffusion barrier and enhance electron transport, which can adequately promote the interfacial desolvation ability and reduce bulk lattice strains. The formed spinel heterostructure with crystal structure stability can also enhance the interface Na+ diffusion and protect the electrode against moisture and carbon dioxide corrosion. Besides, the molybdenum introduction within the lattice bulk can enhance the bond covalency, fortifying lattice oxygen stability and restraining structural distortion effectively. The obtained cathode demonstrates a high up to 224.61 mAh g−1 discharge specific capacity at 0.1 C and a long cycle stability with a 60.44% capacity retention after 265 cycles at 0.5 C. This study illuminates the potential of Na‐rich Mn‐based oxide cathodes for high‐energy‐density sodium battery utilizations.
Insights into Photothermocatalytic Dry Reforming of Methane on Ru/La‐Al2O3 using Carbonate Species and Reactive Oxygen Species to Enhance the Fuel Production Rates and Completely Prevent Coking
Authors: Cao Huamin , Li Yuanzhi , Wu Jichun , Zhong Mengqi , Ji Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotothermocatalytic dry reforming of methane (DRM) offers a promising strategy for converting solar energy into fuel. However, the high light intensity required for high fuel production rates and thermodynamically more favorable coking side reactions limit this strategy. Herein, a nanocomposite of La‐doped Al2O3 supporting Ru nanoparticles (NPs) (Ru/La‐Al2O3) is synthesized. At relatively low light intensity (80.2 kW m−2), Ru/La‐Al2O3 obtains high production rates of CO and H2 per gram of Ru (rRu, CO and rRu, H2, 8410.19 and 7181.94 mmol gRu−1 min−1) with light‐to‐fuel efficiency (η, 26.6%), and completely prohibits coking. In striking contrast, the reference catalyst without La doping (Ru/Al2O3) exhibits lower rRu, CO, rRu, H2, η and produces large amounts of coke. The improved photothermocatalytic performance stems from the fact that reactive oxygen species and carbonate species are involved in the oxidation of carbon species (rate‐determining steps of DRM) through two different reaction pathways, which significantly increases catalytic activity and prevents the carbon species from polymerizing into coke. Additionally, light not only enhances the DRM on Ru NPs and the oxidation reaction between carbonate species and carbon species but also promotes the dissociation of CH4 and desorption of H2, which improves the catalytic activity and product selectivity of Ru/La‐Al2O3.
The Role of Hydrogen in ReRAM
Authors: Cox Horatio R. J. , Sharpe Matthew K. , McAleese Callum , Laitinen Mikko , Dulai Jeevan , Smith Richard , England Jonathan , Ng Wing H. , Buckwell Mark , Zhao Longfei , Fearn Sarah , Mehonic Adnan , Kenyon Anthony J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrevious research on transistor gate oxides reveals a clear link between hydrogen content and oxide breakdown. This has implications for redox‐based resistive random access memory (ReRAM) devices, which exploit soft, reversible, dielectric breakdown, as hydrogen is often not considered in modeling or measured experimentally. Here quantitative measurements, corroborated across multiple techniques are reported, that reveal ReRAM devices, whether manufactured in a university setting or research foundry, contain concentrations of hydrogen at levels likely to impact resistance switching behavior. To the knowledge this is the first empirical measurement depth profiling hydrogen concentration through a ReRAM device. Applying a recently‐developed Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry analysis technique enables to measure hydrogen diffusion across the interfaces of SiOx ReRAM devices as a result of operation. These techniques can be applied to a broad range of devices to further understand ReRAM operation. Careful control of temperatures, precursors, and exposure to ambient during fabrication should limit hydrogen concentration. Additionally, using thin oxynitride or TiO2 capping layers should prevent diffusion of hydrogen and other contaminants into devices during operation. Applying these principles to ReRAM devices will enable considerable, informed, improvements in performance.
Chiral Inorganic Nanomaterials Characterized by Advanced TEM: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Chen Xuegang , Murakami Ri‐Ichi , Li Hanbo , Yu Xue , Feng Wei , Yang Yuxin , Wang Pan , Zheng Guangchao , Tang Zhiyong , Wu Xiaochun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChiral inorganic nanomaterials (CINMs) have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional optical, electronic, and catalytic properties, offering promising advancements in energy conversion, data storage, catalysis, and biomedicine. While traditional optical spectrophotometers reveal the chiroptical performance of CINMs on an ensemble level, the direct structural visualization for the qualitative and quantitative discernment of their chiral features has become increasingly distinct with the advancements of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The need for reasonable and high‐standard discrimination requirements of CINMs has driven the progress of chirality‐based TEM technologies. Therefore, this review in the good season takes the initiative to summarize the current advancements in TEM technologies for CINMs characterization, emphasizing a qualitative analysis of chiral atomic‐level features, 0D, 1D, and 2D nanocrystals, and assembled nanomaterials. Then, the quantitative methods for determining chirality is also highlighted, such as 3D electron tomography, and further address the evolution of chiral structures monitored by the Ex‐situ and In‐situ TEM technologies. By providing a roadmap for the current challenges and proposing future advancements in TEM technologies for the qualitative, quantitative, and real‐time analysis of CINMs, it can drive innovations in the field of chiral nanomaterials as well as the development of TEM technologies.
Triggering Asymmetric Layer Displacement Polarization and Redox Dual‐Sites Activation by Inside‐Out Anion Substitution for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Yu Yutang , Zhu Zijian , Chen Fang , Ma Tianyi , Huang Hongwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSluggish bulk charge transfer and barren catalytic sites severely hinder the CO2 photoreduction process. Seeking strategies for accelerating charge dynamics and activating reduction and oxidation sites synchronously presents a huge challenge. Herein, an inside‐out chlorine (Cl) ions substitution strategy on the layered polar Bi4O5Br2 is proposed for achieving layer structure‐dependent polarization effect and redox dual‐sites activation. Cl ions in the bulk phase shrink the halogen layer interspace by 8‰, triggering asymmetric [Bi4O5]2+ layer displacement polarization, prolonging the average photocharge lifetime to 201.8 ps. Meanwhile, surface substituted Cl ions enhance the electron‐donating capability of neighboring Bi atoms, activating the intrinsic Bi reduction sites, and increasing H2O molecule adsorption on nearby intrinsic O oxidation site (cal. by 0.105 eV), also self‐donating as an alien oxidation site. Besides, Cl upshifts the p‐band center closer to the Fermi level, facilitating the reactant adsorption. Therefore, the energy barrier for CO2 activation and rate‐limiting *COOH intermediate formation steps are significantly decreased. Without cocatalysts and sacrificial reagents, inside‐out Cl‐substituted Bi4O5Br2 delivers a remarkable CO2‐to‐CO photoreduction rate of 50.18 µmol g−1 h−1, being one of the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. This finding offers insights into exploiting polarization at the molecular‐level and enhances understanding of catalytic site activation.