bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial work in idiopathic premature ventricular contractions: Assessing left ventricular function and prognosis
Authors: Zhou Chunrui , He Qian , Ding Yunchuan , Wang Qinghui , Xian Lini , Peng Xin , Mao Fuyong , Luo Qingqing , Yang Zefan , Yang Ping , Chen Jian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPremature ventricular contractions (PVCs) can lead to impairment of left ventricular function. The noninvasive myocardial work technique, which incorporates left ventricular afterload, represents a new method for assessing left ventricular functional.AimThe aim of this study is to explore the value of noninvasive myocardial work technique in assessing left ventricular systolic function in patients with PVCs.MethodsCompare the clinical data, two‐dimensional echocardiography parameters, and myocardial work parameters of 66 patients with PVCs and 35 healthy volunteers and explore the relevant risk factors for postoperative recurrence in patients with PVCs.ResultsIn patients with PVCs compared to the control group, they exhibit enlargement of left atrial diameter (LAD) and left ventricular internal dimension in diastole (LVIDd), as well as thickening of the left ventricular wall. The global work waste (GWW) increases, while the global work efficiency (GWE) decreases. There is a significant negative correlation between the PVC burden and GWE (r = −0.70, p <0.01), and a significant positive correlation between the PVC burden and GWW (r = 0.58, p <0.01). GWE is a sensitive indicator for predicting the recurrence of PVCs after radiofrequency ablation. Patients with GWE <91.5%, global longitudinal strain (GLS) <15.5%, and ejection fraction (EF) <62.5% have a higher postoperative recurrence rate.ConclusionPVCs can cause impairment of left ventricular systolic function. GWE is the most sensitive indicator for predicting postoperative recurrence in patients with PVCs. Patients with GWE <91.5%, GLS <15.5%, and EF <62.5% have a higher postoperative recurrence rate.
A historical timeline of the development and evolution of medical diagnostic ultrasonography
Authors: Rajamani Arvind , Arun Bharadwaj Pranav , Hariharan Sriram , Ragavan Amritha Varshini , Hassan Anwar , Arvind Hemamalini , Huang Stephen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiagnostic ultrasonography has evolved to become an indispensable imaging tool that permits non‐invasive evaluation of the whole body. In this narrative review, we present a historical timeline of the invention, development, and evolution of diagnostic medical ultrasound. It includes interesting fun facts that may help the reader identify with many of the incredible researchers in this field. This review is a tribute to the researchers who contributed to this amazing invention.
Prenatal diagnosis of monozygotic twins with phenotypic differences in chromosome 17q12 deletion syndrome
Authors: Ma Dan , Yuan Tao , Zhao Zhihui , Zeng Lan , Wang Jin , Nie Xiaocheng , Liang Huping , Pi Guanghuan , Chen Ai , Li Gen , Tang Biao , Zhu Shuyao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe present a case study highlighting prenatal ultrasound findings in monozygotic twins with chromosome 17q12 deletion syndrome. Fetus A exhibited bilateral fetal pyelectasis and talipes equinovarus, while fetus B showed hyperechogenic kidneys. Despite sharing the same de novo variant, the twins displayed distinct clinical phenotypes, suggesting the presence of non‐genetic factors influencing the phenotypic variability of this syndrome. This case represents the first documented instance of prenatally identified identical twins affected by 17q12 deletion syndrome.
Thecal and Epithecal Ossifications of the Turtle Shell: Ontogenetic And Phylogenetic Aspects
Authors: Cherepanov Gennady , Danilov Igor 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe problem of the origin of the bony shell in turtles has a two‐century history and still has not lost its relevance. First, this concerns the issues of the homology, the sources of formation and the ratio of bones of different nature, that is, thecal and epithecal, in particular. This article analyzes various views on the nature of the shell elements, and proposes their typification, based on modern data on developmental biology. It is proposed that the defining characteristic of the types of shell ossifications is not the level of their anlage in the dermis (thecality or epithecality), but, first of all, the primary sources of their formation: (1) neural crest (nuchal and plastral plates); (2) vertebral and rib periosteum (neural and costal plates); and (3) dermal mesenchyme (peripheral, suprapygal and pygal plates, as well as epithecal elements). In addition, there is complete correspondence between these types of ossifications and the sequence of their appearance in the turtle ontogenesis. The data show fundamental coincidence of the modifications of the ontogenetic development and evolutionary formation of the shell ossifications and are in agreement with a stepwise model for the origin of the turtle body plan. Particular attention is paid to the origin of the epithecal elements of the turtle shell, which correspond to the additional or supernumerary ossifications and seem to have wider distribution among turtles, than previously thought.
Multiparametric MRI Scoring System of the Pancreas for the Diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Tirkes Temel , Yadav Dhiraj , Conwell Darwin L. , Zhao Xuandong , Dasyam Anil K. , Halappa Vivek Gowdra , Patel Aashish , Shah Zarine K. , Swensson Jordan , Takahashi Naoki , Venkatesh Sudhakar , Wachsman Ashley , Li Liang , Jennings Kristofer , Yang Yunlong , Hart Phil A. , Pandol Stephen J. , Park Walter G. , Vege Santhi Swaroop , Topazian Mark , Territo Paul R. , Persohn Scott A. , Andersen Dana K. , Fogel Evan L. ,   the Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer (CPDPC)
Published: September 2024

BackgroundDuctal features alone may not offer high diagnostic sensitivity or most accurate disease severity of chronic pancreatitis (CP).PurposeDiagnose CP based on multiparametric MRI and MRCP features.Study TypeProspective.PopulationBetween February 2019 and May 2021, 46 control (23 males, 49.3 ± 14.1 years), 45 suspected (20 males, 48.7 ± 12.5 years), and 46 definite (20 males, 53.7 ± 14.6 years) CP patients were enrolled at seven hospitals enrolled in the MINIMAP study. CP classification was based on imaging findings and clinical presentation.Field Strength and Sequences1.5 T. T1‐weighted (T1W) spoiled gradient echo, T1 map with variable flip angle, dual‐echo Dixon, secretin‐enhanced MRCP before and after secretin infusion.AssessmentDual‐echo fat fraction (FF), T1 relaxation time, extracellular volume (ECV), T1 signal intensity ratio of the pancreas to the spleen (T1 score), arterial‐to‐venous enhancement ratio (AVR), pancreatic tail diameter (PTD), pancreas volume, late gadolinium enhancement, pancreatic ductal elasticity (PDE), and duodenal filling grade of secretin‐enhanced MRCP were measured.Statistical TestsLogistic regression analysis generated CP‐MRI and secretin‐enhanced CP‐SMRI scores. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to differentiate definite CP from control. Interobserver agreement was assessed using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient.ResultsCompared to control, definite CP cohort showed significantly higher dual‐echo FF (7% vs. 11%), lower AVR (1.35 vs. 0.85), smaller PTD (2.5 cm vs. 1.95 cm), higher ECV (28% vs. 38%), and higher incidence of PDE loss (6.5% vs. 50%). With the cut‐off of >2.5 CP‐MRI score (dual‐echo FF, AVR, and PTD) and CP‐SMRI score (dual‐echo FF, AVR, PTD, and PDE) had cross‐validated area under the curves of 0.84 (sensitivity 87%, specificity 68%) and 0.86 (sensitivity 89%, specificity 67%), respectively. Interobserver agreement for both CP‐MRI and CP‐SMRI scores was 0.74.ConclusionThe CP‐MRI and CP‐SMRI scores yielded acceptable performance and interobserver agreement for the diagnosis of CP.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXO22 inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 replication via promoting proteasome‐dependent degradation of NSP5
Authors: Zhou Yuzheng , Feng Wei , Yang Chuwei , Wei Xiafei , Fan Lujie , Wu Yezi , Gao Xiang , Shen Xiaotong , Zhang Zheng , Zhao Juanjuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ubiquitin‐proteasome system is frequently employed to degrade viral proteins, thereby inhibiting viral replication and pathogenicity. Through an analysis of the degradation kinetics of all the SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins, our study revealed rapid degradation of several proteins, particularly NSP5. Additionally, we identified FBXO22, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, as the primary regulator of NSP5 ubiquitination. Moreover, we validated the interaction between FBXO22 and NSP5, demonstrating that FBXO22‐mediated ubiquitination of NSP5 facilitated its recognition by the proteasome, leading to subsequent degradation. Specifically, FBXO22 catalyzed the formation of K48‐linked polyubiquitin chains on NSP5 at lysine residues 5 and 90. Knockdown of FBXO22 resulted in decreased NSP5 ubiquitination levels, increased stability, and enhanced ability to evade the host innate immune response. Notably, the protein level of FBXO22 were negatively correlated with SARS‐CoV‐2 load, highlighting its importance in inhibiting viral replication. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which FBXO22 mediates the degradation of NSP5 and underscores its critical role in limiting viral replication. The identification of FBXO22 as a regulator of NSP5 stability provides new insights and potential avenues for targeting NSP5 in antiviral strategies.
IRF2BPL‐Related Disorder, Causing Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Regression, Abnormal Movements, Loss of Speech and Seizures (NEDAMSS) Is Characterized by Pathology Consistent with DRPLA
Authors: Venkateswaran Sunita , Michaud Jean , Ito Yoko , Geraghty Michael , Lewis Evan C. , Ellezam Benjamin , Boycott Kym M. , Dyment David A. , Kernohan Kristin D. ,   Care4Rare Canada Consortium
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildhood neurodegenerative diseases often pose a challenge to clinicians to diagnose because of the degree of genetic heterogeneity and variable presentations. Here, we present a child with progressive neurodegeneration consisting of spasticity, dystonia, and ataxia in which postmortem pathological analysis led to the diagnosis of interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein like (IRF2BPL)‐related disorder.MethodsDetailed postmortem gross and histological examination was conducted, and findings consistent with dentatorubral‐pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) and included polyglutamine (polyQ) inclusions. Follow up testing for the CAG repeat expansion at ATN1 was non‐diagnostic.ResultsSubsequent exome sequencing reanalysis of the research exome identified a pathogenic de novo IRF2BPL variant. The IRF2BPL c.562C>T, p.(Arg188Ter) variant, distal to the polyQ repeat tract, results in variable mRNA levels depending on the cell type examined with decreased mRNA in the brain, as well as destabilization of the protein product and corresponding downstream molecular abnormalities in patient derived cells.ConclusionWe provide the first detailed pathological description for IRF2BPL‐related disorder, termed NEDAMSS (neurodevelopmental disorder with regression, abnormal movements, loss of speech and seizures; Mendelian Inheritance in Man, 618088) and evidence for the inclusion of this condition in the differential diagnosis of spastic‐ataxic neurodegenerative conditions, reminiscent of DRPLA. Although the individuals with NEDAMSS do not carry an expansion, the polyQ repeat tract may play a role in the pathological inclusions that would represent a novel disease mechanism for polyQ repeats. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Estimating the viscoelastic anisotropy of human skin through high‐frequency ultrasound elastography
Authors: Wu Yu‐Chen , Xu Guo‐Xuan , Chen Chien , Chuang Yi‐Hsiang , Huang Chih‐Chung 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe skin is the largest organ of the human body and serves distinct functions in protecting the body. The viscoelastic properties of the skin play a key role in supporting the skin‐healing process, also it may be changed due to some skin diseases.ProposeIn this study, high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) elastography based on a Lamb wave model was used to noninvasively assess the viscoelastic anisotropy of human skin.MethodElastic waves were generated through an external vibrator, and the wave propagation velocity was measured through 40 MHz ultrafast HFUS imaging. Through the use of a thin‐layer gelatin phantom, HFUS elastography was verified to produce highly accurate estimates of elasticity and viscosity. In a human study involving five volunteers, viscoelastic anisotropy was assessed by rotating an ultrasound transducer 360°.ResultsAn oval‐shaped pattern in the elasticity of human forearm skin was identified, indicating the high elastic anisotropy of skin; the average elastic moduli were 24.90 ± 6.63 and 13.64 ± 2.67 kPa along and across the collagen fiber orientation, respectively. The average viscosity of all the recruited volunteers was 3.23 ± 0.93 Pa·s.ConclusionsAlthough the examined skin exhibited elastic anisotropy, no evident viscosity anisotropy was observed.
Deep learning method for predicting weekly anatomical changes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma during radiotherapy
Authors: Yang Bining , Liu Yuxiang , Wei Ran , Men Kuo , Dai Jianrong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients may undergo anatomical changes during radiotherapy, leading to an underdosing of the target or overdosing of the organs at risk (OARs).PurposeThis study developed a deep‐learning method to predict the tumor response of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) during treatment. This method can predict the anatomical changes of a patient.MethodsThe participants included 230 patients with NPC. The data included planning computed tomography (pCT) and routine cone‐beam CT (CBCT) images. The CBCT image quality was improved to the CT level using an advanced method. A long short‐term memory network‐generative adversarial network (LSTM‐GAN) is proposed, which can harness the forecasting ability of LSTM and the generation ability of GAN. Four models were trained to predict the anatomical changes that occurred in weeks 3–6 and named LSTM‐GAN‐week 3 to LSTM‐GAN‐week 6. The pCT and CBCT were used as input, and the tumor target volumes (TVs) and OARs were delineated on the predicted and real images (ground truth). Finally, the models were evaluated using contours and dosimetry parameters.ResultsThe proposed method predicted the anatomical changes, with a dice similarity coefficient above 0.94 and 0.90 for the TVs and surrounding OARs, respectively. The dosimetry parameters were close between the prediction and ground truth. The deviations in the prescription, minimum, and maximum doses of the tumor targets were below 0.5 Gy. For serial organs (brain stem and spinal cord), the deviations in the maximum dose were below 0.6 Gy. For parallel organs (bilateral parotid glands), the deviations in the mean dose were below 0.8 Gy.ConclusionThe proposed method can predict the tumor response to radiotherapy in the future such that adaptation can be scheduled on time. This study provides a proactive mechanism for planning adaptation, which can enable personalized treatment and save clinical time by anticipating and preparing for treatment strategy adjustments.
Outcomes from a Multidisciplinary Otolaryngology and Rheumatology Clinic for the Management of Chronic Sialadenitis
Authors: Holley Anna G. , Stern Sara M. , Park Albert H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveDetermine the outcomes in children with recurrent sialadenitis after establishment of a multidisciplinary pediatric otolaryngology and rheumatology clinic.Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingSingle‐center tertiary medical center.MethodsWe reviewed all children presenting to a multidisciplinary pediatric otolaryngology/rheumatology clinic with recurrent parotitis between December 2019 and April 2023.ResultsThirty‐three children presented with recurrent parotitis to a multidisciplinary clinic. Seventy‐seven percent of those with childhood Sjögren's disease (cSjD) had xerophthalmia, and 67% had xerostomia. The cSjD group was more likely to have both abnormal parotid and submandibular findings when compared to the non‐cSjD group (P < .001). Sixteen percent of the cSjD group had a positive SSA/SSB autoantibody and 47% were antinuclear antibody positive. Fifty percent of the cSjD cohort had a focus score of ≥1 from a minor salivary gland biopsy. There were no significant differences from sialendoscopy outcome between the 2 groups. Seventy percent with juvenile recurrent parotitis showed partial response (PR) or complete response (CR) to sialendoscopy. In the cSjD cohort 3 (27%) reported a CR and 5 (45%) reported a PR. In the non csSjD cohort 5 (42%) reported a CR and 3 (25%) reported a PR. Ten of the 12 cSjD patients on hydroxychloroquine have shown symptom improvement.ConclusionThe establishment of a multidisciplinary otolaryngology and rheumatology clinic can provide a more comprehensive evaluation and treatment of the child with recurrent or persistent parotitis than from a regular ENT clinic.
Pediatric Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates Within a Tertiary Military Medical Center
Authors: Flagg Candace A. , Walters Benjamin K. , Bowe Sarah N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine our center's human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rate and identify common negative perceptions surrounding the vaccine to guide more effective HPV vaccine counseling.MethodsWe reviewed immunization records for patients ages 11 to 26 that receive care at Brooke Army Medical Center. Vaccine uptake rate was determined by dividing the number of patients who had completed the HPV vaccine series by the total target population. From October 2021 to December 2022, a clinic survey was distributed to parents (for patients ages 11‐17) or patients themselves (ages 18‐26) during otolaryngology visits to poll vaccination status and attitudes toward the vaccine.ResultsA total of 3038 patients ages 11 to 26 are enrolled for primary care at Brooke Army Medical Center, but only 962 (32%) are vaccine complete. Thirty‐five surveys were collected during the study period. Twenty‐two surveys (63%) from patients/parents reported they/their child had received the HPV vaccine. Concerns about vaccine safety, sexual behaviors, lack of immunization requirement for school, and difficulty getting scheduled were the most common reasons patients were unvaccinated.DiscussionCounseling patients on the HPV vaccine can be difficult given the common misconceptions surrounding vaccination, but understanding these attitudes will allow otolaryngologists to educate patients more effectively. This matters since patients more knowledgeable about HPV are more likely to receive the vaccine.Implications for PracticeOur clinic has developed new strategies in partnership with primary care departments to facilitate more streamlined vaccination for eligible patients, and moving forward we plan to trend HPV vaccination rates over time to determine our impact on uptake.
High‐efficiency electrothermal and electromagnetic interference shielding performance of expanded graphite/silicone film
Authors: Dong Yangle , Yuan Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExpanded graphite (EG) is a desired filler for electrothermal and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding because of its easy access, low‐cost, lightweight, high conductivity, and heat sensitivity. Herein, fluffy EG was prepared from natural flake graphite (NFG) by a simple expansive technology and subsequently heat treatment at 800°C for 2.0 h in 5% Ar/H2 atmosphere. EG/silicone films with a filling ratio of 15 wt% were obtained via hot‐pressing, which exhibited sensitive electrothermal and excellent EMI shielding performances. When the applied voltages were 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 V, the steady‐state temperatures were 54.0, 136.5, and 237.8°C in the 30s, respectively. Meanwhile, their average EMI shielding efficiency was greater than 20 dB in 2–18 GHz at 0.84 mm, which was 6.3 times as much as NFG/silicone film. Therefore, this study offers a simple and effective strategy for preparing excellent electrothermal‐EMI shielding materials.Highlights
Fluffy EG is prepared by a simple expansive method and treatment at 800°C.
EG/silicone films exhibit good electrothermal and EMI shielding performances.
Steady temperatures of 55.0/136.5/237.8°C are gotten at 5/10/15 V in 30 s.
The EMI shielding efficiency is greater than 20 dB at 0.84 mm.
Good properties are due to the EG with high conductivity and fluffy structure.
The power and pitfalls of underpowered studies
Authors: Carnahan Ryan M. , Brown Grant D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article reflects on the potential value and many pitfalls of underpowered studies to help authors and readers consider whether and how they contribute meaningfully to the published literature. A basic introduction to power and sample size calculations is provided. Several problems that can arise in analysis and publication of underpowered studies are described. In addition, features of underpowered studies that may provide value are proposed, including when the hypothesis test of interest is a limited part of the story, the data is rich enough to showcase interesting features of the population of interest, when the rarity or ubiquity of events is an important finding, and when the study is preregistered to reduce the impact of publication bias. Several reporting guidelines for underpowered studies are also suggested.
Incretin hormone agonists: Current and emerging pharmacotherapy for obesity management
Authors: Alhomoud Ibrahim S. , Talasaz Azita H. , Chandrasekaran Preethi , Brown Roy , Mehta Anurag , Dixon Dave L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObesity continues to be a significant global health challenge, affecting over 800 million individuals worldwide. Traditional management strategies, including dietary, exercise, and behavioral interventions, often result in insufficient and unsustainable weight loss. Lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone of obesity management, providing the foundation for other strategies. While options such as bariatric surgery remain an effective intervention for severe obesity, it is associated with its own set of risks and is typically reserved for patients who have not achieved the desired results with pharmacotherapy and lifestyle interventions. Incretin hormone agonists represent a significant advancement in the pharmacotherapy of obesity, offering substantial weight reduction and cardiometabolic benefits. Agents like liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide supported by key clinical trials such as Satiety and Clinical Adipose Liraglutide Evidence (SCALE), Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with Obesity (STEP) program trials, and Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT‐1) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic outcomes. Additionally, novel therapies, including dual and triple incretin agonists, are under investigation and hold the potential for further advancements in obesity treatment. These novel therapies can be categorized by their mechanisms of action and route of administration into oral glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists, triple agonists (targeting GLP‐1, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP], and glucagon receptors), and glucagon receptor‐GLP‐1 receptor co‐agonists. Other innovative approaches include oral GIP‐GLP‐1 receptor co‐agonists, and the combination of long‐acting amylin receptor agonists with GLP‐1 receptor agonists. The ongoing development of incretin‐based therapies and the expanding availability of currently available agents are expected to enhance clinical outcomes further and reduce the burden of obesity‐related health complications. This review aims to discuss the mechanisms and efficacy of current and emerging incretin hormone agonists for obesity management.