bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress and challenges associated with halal authentication of consumer packaged goods
Authors: Premanandh Jagadeesan , Bin Salem Samara 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAbusive business practices are increasingly evident in consumer packaged goods. Although consumers have the right to protect themselves against such practices, rapid urbanization and industrialization result in greater distances between producers and consumers, raising serious concerns on the supply chain. The operational complexities surrounding halal authentication pose serious challenges on the integrity of consumer packaged goods. This article attempts to address the progress and challenges associated with halal authentication. Advancement and concerns on the application of new, rapid analytical methods for halal authentication are discussed. The significance of zero tolerance policy in consumer packaged foods and its impact on analytical testing are presented. The role of halal assurance systems and their challenges are also considered. In conclusion, consensus on the establishment of one standard approach coupled with a sound traceability system and constant monitoring would certainly improve and ensure halalness of consumer packaged goods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydroxyapatite cement resurfacing the dehiscent jugular bulb: Novel treatment for pulsatile tinnitus
Authors: DeHart Austin N. , Shaia Wayne T. , Coelho Daniel H. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives/HypothesisThe objectives were to discuss the presentation and symptomatology of patients with jugular bulb abnormalities, summarize the literature describing jugular bulb abnormalities, compare methods of treating symptomatic dehiscent jugular bulb, describe a novel surgical technique and pitfalls to repair dehiscent bulbs with hydroxyapatite cement, and present a case series to demonstrate outcomes with this techniqueStudy DesignCase series presentation, PubMed literature review, and description of operative technique.MethodsA series of patients presenting with pulsatile tinnitus due to dehiscent jugular bulbs who underwent operative repair with hydroxyapatite cement resurfacing is described. Literature review was conducted via a PubMed database search. Abstracts and references were reviewed to identify relevant sources. Surgical technique of repair and outcomes are reported.ResultsThree patients who presented with unilateral, bothersome, pulsatile tinnitus with history and imaging consistent with a diagnosis of high riding, dehiscent jugular bulbs underwent jugular bulb resurfacing with hydroxyapatite cement. Two patients associated the onset of their symptoms with trauma. All patients reported complete resolution of their tinnitus at an average follow‐up of 15 months. No hearing, vestibular, or intracranial complications were encountered.ConclusionsCompressive, obliterative, and endovascular interventions have been attempted to treat pulsatile tinnitus due to high‐riding dehiscent jugular bulbs. Reconstruction of the middle ear floor with autologous tissue grafts has also been described. These techniques have been associated with variable results and with the risk of increased intracranial pressure. Hydroxyapatite cement resurfacing may be considered as an alternative for the treatment of this pathology.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1186–1190, 2018
Fiber Laser Welding Cuts Costs and Improves Results
Authors: Rath Wolfram 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLasers have been employed in a variety of welding applications for many years. And, as laser technology further develops and diversifies, its uses in welding continue to expand. This article provides an overview of high power lasers in keyhole welding. It then examines the characteristics and advantages of fiber laser sources for welding from Coherent‐Rofin, in particular, and reviews a specific application that has benefitted from these lasers.
Copper Welding with High‐Brightness Fiber Lasers
Authors: Grupp Michael , Reinermann Nils 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe consumer electronics and automotive industry are the driving forces for an increased use of copper in industrial processes and products. With the development of new battery technologies and higher battery capacities, the demands to the joining technologies are increasing. While soldering is still the state of the art for low power applications in consumer electronics, it is necessary to apply welding technology whenever high currents have to be transmitted, or high and dynamic loads stress the joints. The e‐mobility sector is especially driving this trend and the automotive industry and its suppliers are looking for robust and efficient processes for high volume production in electrical power storage and transmission line applications.
The Challenge in Realizing Truly Agile Fiber Lasers
Authors: Berendt Martin Ole , Barbosa Hugo , Melo Miguel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) fiber laser has been around for several years but the bulk of applications use Q‐switched fiber lasers. Now, with the processing capabilities of the Q‐switched fiber laser fully explored, the MOPA fiber laser is getting revived attention. Laser‐diode seeded MOPAs hold promise of arbitrarily modulated high‐power laser output. Pulse‐pumping the amplifiers to handle ON/OFF gating and low repetition rate pulse trains without overshoot or undershoot is of special interest.
Soil Colloidal P Release Potentials under Various Polyacrylamide Addition Levels
Authors: Liang Xin‐Qiang , Liu Zi‐Wen , Liu Jin , Chen Ling‐Ling , Tian Guang‐Ming 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAnionic polyacrylamide (PAM) can prevent soil erosion, but its effect on fine particulate phosphorus (P), such as colloidal P, has not been thoroughly examined. The effects of PAM on the release potentials of water‐dispersible colloids (WDC) and total P, molybdenum‐reactive P (MRP), and molybdenum‐unreactive P (MUP) in the colloidal and truly dissolved phases (i.e., TPcoll, MRPcoll, MUPcoll, TPtruly, MRPtruly, and MUPtruly) from six soils across South China were tested in this study. The results showed that the release potentials of TPcoll in the control treatments were 6·9–46·1 mg kg−1 and generally highest in sandy loam soil. Following low (12·5 kg ha−1), middle (25 kg ha−1), and high (50 kg ha−1) levels of PAM application, the release potential of TPcoll decreased by 41·7, 63·2, and 77·4% compared to the control group, respectively. Additionally, PAM may trigger MRPcoll and TPtruly releases in sandy loam and/or silt soils, and for most soils, MRPtruly and MUPtruly showed the highest release potentials at middle or high PAM levels. A significant PAM application level by soil site interaction for the release potentials of WDC and colloidal P was observed. Multiple linear regression showed that the PAM rate combined with soil sand content can successfully predict the release potentials of WDC (R2 = 0·552, p < 0·001) and TPcoll (R2 = 0·738, p < 0·001). Our results suggest that PAM can effectively reduce the loss of soil colloids and colloidal P, while its effects are related to both application level and soil texture. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential effects of nitrate, ammonium, and urea as N sources for microbial communities in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Shilova I. N. , Mills M. M. , Robidart J. C. , Turk‐Kubo K. A. , Björkman K. M. , Kolber Z. , Rapp I. , van Dijken G. L. , Church M. J. , Arrigo K. R. , Achterberg E. P. , Zehr J. P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNitrogen (N) is the major limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth and productivity in large parts of the world's oceans. Differential preferences for specific N substrates may be important in controlling phytoplankton community composition. To date, there is limited information on how specific N substrates influence the composition of naturally occurring microbial communities. We investigated the effect of nitrate (
), ammonium (
), and urea on microbial and phytoplankton community composition (cell abundances and 16S rRNA gene profiling) and functioning (photosynthetic activity, carbon fixation rates) in the oligotrophic waters of the North Pacific Ocean. All N substrates tested significantly stimulated phytoplankton growth and productivity. Urea resulted in the greatest (>300%) increases in chlorophyll a (<0.06 μg L−1 and ∼0.19 μg L−1 in the control and urea addition, respectively) and productivity (<0.4 μmol C L−1 d−1 and ∼1.4 μmol C L−1 d−1 in the control and urea addition, respectively) at two experimental stations, largely due to increased abundances of Prochlorococcus (Cyanobacteria). Two abundant clades of Prochlorococcus, High Light I and II, demonstrated similar responses to urea, suggesting this substrate is likely an important N source for natural Prochlorococcus populations. In contrast, the heterotrophic community composition changed most in response to
. Finally, the time and magnitude of response to N amendments varied with geographic location, likely due to differences in microbial community composition and their nutrient status. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that changes in N supply would likely favor specific populations of phytoplankton in different oceanic regions and thus, affect both biogeochemical cycles and ecological processes.
Guar gum fiber increases suppressor of cytokine signaling‐1 expression via toll‐like receptor 2 and dectin‐1 pathways, regulating inflammatory response in small intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Van Hung Tran , Suzuki Takuya 
Published: June 2017

ScopeDirect regulation of intestinal inflammation by intact dietary fibers is still unclear. Here, the anti‐inflammatory regulation by intact guar gum (GG) was investigated using mice and human intestinal Caco‐2 cells.Methods and resultsAdministration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) increased myeloperoxidase activity and CXC motif chemokine ligand2 (an IL‐8 homolog) expression in the small intestines of mice, while supplemental GG reduced these increases. Stimulation of Caco‐2 cells with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α induced IL‐8 expression through nuclear factor kappa B p65, spleen tyrosine kinase, and mitogen‐activated protein kinases pathways. Pre‐treatment of cells with GG reduced the TNF‐α‐induced IL‐8 expression and cellular signaling. GG increased the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)‐1 expression in Caco‐2 cells, suggesting that this is one of the probable mechanisms involved in GG‐mediated anti‐inflammatory regulation. The anti‐inflammatory regulation and SOCS‐1 expression induced by GG were sensitive to neutralization of toll‐like receptor (TLR)2 and dectin‐1, and to inhibition of Janus kinase (JAK) and tyrosine kinase cSrc pathways. Finally, supplemental GG increased SOCS‐1 expression in the small intestines of both DSS‐administered and normal mice.ConclusionIntact GG activates TLR2 and dectin‐1, and increases SOCS‐1 expression via JAK and cSrc pathways, resulting in anti‐inflammatory regulation in intestinal epithelium.
Interleaved EPI diffusion imaging using SPIRiT‐based reconstruction with virtual coil compression
Authors: Dong Zijing , Wang Fuyixue , Ma Xiaodong , Zhang Zhe , Dai Erpeng , Yuan Chun , Guo Hua 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo develop a novel diffusion imaging reconstruction framework based on iterative self‐consistent parallel imaging reconstruction (SPIRiT) for multishot interleaved echo planar imaging (iEPI), with computation acceleration by virtual coil compression.MethodsAs a general approach for autocalibrating parallel imaging, SPIRiT improves the performance of traditional generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) methods in that the formulation with self‐consistency is better conditioned, suggesting SPIRiT to be a better candidate in k‐space–based reconstruction. In this study, a general SPIRiT framework is adopted to incorporate both coil sensitivity and phase variation information as virtual coils and then is applied to 2D navigated iEPI diffusion imaging. To reduce the reconstruction time when using a large number of coils and shots, a novel shot‐coil compression method is proposed for computation acceleration in Cartesian sampling. Simulations and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.ResultsCompared with the conventional coil compression, the shot‐coil compression achieved higher compression rates with reduced errors. The simulation and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the SPIRiT‐based reconstruction outperformed the existing method, realigned GRAPPA, and provided superior images with reduced artifacts.ConclusionThe SPIRiT‐based reconstruction with virtual coil compression is a reliable method for high‐resolution iEPI diffusion imaging. Magn Reson Med 79:1525–1531, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Urodynamic effects of intravenous and intrathecal administration of E‐series prostaglandin 1 receptor antagonist on detrusor overactivity in rats with spinal cord injury
Authors: Wada Naoki , Kadekawa Katsumi , Majima Tsuyoshi , Shimizu Takahiro , Tyagi Pradeep , Kakizaki Hidehiro , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: June 2017

AimsWe examined the effect of an E‐series prostaglandin 1 (EP1) receptor antagonist on bladder activity using a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsFemale Sprague‐Dawley rats were used. Six weeks after spinal cord transection, conscious‐filling cystometry was performed. We evaluated the urodynamic parameters before and after intravenous (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) or intrathecal (0.1 and 1.0 µg) administration of SC51089, an EP1 antagonist. Spinal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration and EP1 receptor transcripts in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and RT‐PCR, respectively.ResultsThe time to the first non‐voiding contraction (NVC) was significantly prolonged after both 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg of intravenous administration of SC51089 (75% prolongation at 1.0 mg/kg) whereas other parameters were not significantly changed compared to vehicle treatment. In addition, the time to the first NVC was also significantly prolonged after 1.0 µg of intrathecal administration of SC51089 (18% prolongation at 1.0 µg) whereas other parameters were not significantly changed. The spinal PGE2 concentration in SCI rats was significantly higher than that in spinal intact rats. The mRNA expressions of EP1 receptors in the both spinal cord and DRG from SCI rats were significantly higher than those from spinal intact rats.ConclusionsThe PGE2‐induced activation of EP1 receptors in the spinal cord contributes to the initiation of detrusor overactivity in SCI. Thus, the EP1 receptor could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity due to SCI.
SMARCA4 inactivating mutations cause concomitant Coffin–Siris syndrome, microphthalmia and small‐cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcaemic type
Authors: Errichiello Edoardo , Mustafa Noor , Vetro Annalisa , Notarangelo Lucia Dora , de Jonge Hugo , Rinaldi Berardo , Vergani Debora , Giglio Sabrina Rita , Morbini Patrizia , Zuffardi Orsetta 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSMARCA4 chromatin remodelling factor is mutated in 11% of Coffin–Siris syndrome (CSS) patients and in almost all small‐cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcaemic type (SCCOHT) tumours. Missense mutations with gain‐of‐function or dominant‐negative effects are associated with CSS, whereas inactivating mutations, leading to loss of SMARCA4 expression, have been exclusively found in SCCOHT. We applied whole‐exome sequencing to study a 15‐year‐old patient with mild CSS who concomitantly developed SCCOHT at age 13 years. Interestingly, our patient also showed congenital microphthalmia, which has never previously been reported in CSS patients. We detected a de novo germline heterozygous nonsense mutation in exon 19 of SMARCA4 (c.2935C > T;p.Arg979*), and a somatic frameshift mutation in exon 6 (c.1236_1236delC;p.Gln413Argfs*88), causing complete loss of SMARCA4 immunostaining in the tumour. The immunohistochemical findings are supported by the observation that the c.2935C > T mutant transcript was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at a much lower level than the wild‐type allele in whole blood and the lymphoblastoid cell line of the proband, confirming nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. Accordingly, immunoblotting demonstrated that there was approximately half the amount of SMARCA4 protein in the proband's cells as in controls. This study suggests that SMARCA4 constitutional mutations associated with CSS are not necessarily non‐truncating, and that haploinsufficiency may explain milder CSS phenotypes, as previously reported for haploinsufficient ARID1B. In addition, our case supports the dual role of chromatin remodellers in developmental disorders and cancer, as well as the involvement of SMARCA4 in microphthalmia, confirming previous findings in mouse models and the DECIPHER database. Finally, we speculate that mild CSS might be under‐recognized in a proportion of SCCOHT patients harbouring SMARCA4 mutations. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Bayesian Forecasting Tool to Predict the Need for Antidote in Acute Acetaminophen Overdose
Authors: Desrochers Julie , Wojciechowski Jessica , Klein‐Schwartz Wendy , Gobburu Jogarao V.S. , Gopalakrishnan Mathangi 
Published: June 2017

Study ObjectiveAcetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver injury in the United States. Patients with elevated plasma acetaminophen concentrations (PACs) require hepatoprotective treatment with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC). These patients have been primarily risk‐stratified using the Rumack–Matthew nomogram. Previous studies of acute APAP overdoses found that the nomogram failed to accurately predict the need for the antidote. The objectives of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for APAP following acute overdose and evaluate the utility of population PK model–based Bayesian forecasting in NAC administration decisions.Design, Patients and MeasurementsLimited APAP concentrations from a retrospective cohort of acute overdosed subjects from the Maryland Poison Center were used to develop the population PK model and to investigate the effect of type of APAP products and other prognostic factors. The externally validated population PK model was used a prior for Bayesian forecasting to predict the individual PK profile when one or two observed PACs were available. The utility of Bayesian forecasted APAP concentration–time profiles inferred from one (first) or two (first and second) PAC observations were also tested in their ability to predict the observed NAC decisions.Main ResultsA one‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination adequately described the data with single activated charcoal and APAP products as significant covariates on absorption and bioavailability. The Bayesian forecasted individual concentration–time profiles had acceptable bias (6.2% and 9.8%) and accuracy (40.5% and 41.9%) when either one or two PACs were considered, respectively. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of the Bayesian forecasted NAC decisions using one PAC were 84% and 92.6%, respectively.ConclusionThe population PK analysis provided a platform for acceptably predicting an individual's concentration–time profile following acute APAP overdose with at least one PAC, and the individual's covariate profile, and can potentially be used for making early NAC administration decisions.
Crystal Structure, Thermal Behavior and Detonation Characterization of Bis(3,3‐dinitroazetidin‐1‐yl)methane
Authors: Yan Biao , Li Hongya , Guan Yulei , Ma Haixia , Song Jirong , Zhao Fengqi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBis(3,3‐dinitroazetidin‐1‐yl)methane (BDNAZM) was synthesized and the crystal structure was determined by a X‐ray diffraction. It belongs to monoclinic system with space group P21/n. Its thermal behavior and non‐isothermal decomposition kinetics were studied with DSC and TG/DTG methods. The self‐accelerating decomposition temperature (TSADT), thermal ignition temperature (TTIT), and critical temperature of thermal explosion (Tb) are 141.06 °C, 154.15 °C and 160.62 °C, respectively. BDNAZM has a low melting point (86.82 °C), and it has higher detonation velocity (7217 ms−1) and detonation pressure (22.0 GPa) than these of TNT.
Crystal structural characterization reveals novel oligomeric interactions of human voltage‐dependent anion channel 1
Authors: Hosaka Toshiaki , Okazaki Masateru , Kimura‐Someya Tomomi , Ishizuka‐Katsura Yoshiko , Ito Kaori , Yokoyama Shigeyuki , Dodo Kosuke , Sodeoka Mikiko , Shirouzu Mikako 
Published: June 2017

AbstractVoltage‐dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), which is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, plays important roles in various cellular processes. For example, oligomerization of VDAC1 is involved in the release of cytochrome c to the cytoplasm, leading to apoptosis. However, it is unknown how VDAC1 oligomerization occurs in the membrane. In the present study, we determined high‐resolution crystal structures of oligomeric human VDAC1 (hVDAC1) prepared by using an Escherichia coli cell‐free protein synthesis system, which avoided the need for denaturation and refolding of the protein. Broad‐range screening using a bicelle crystallization method produced crystals in space groups C222 and P22121, which diffracted to a resolution of 3.10 and 3.15 Å, respectively. Each crystal contained two hVDAC1 protomers in the asymmetric unit. Dimer within the asymmetrical unit of the crystal in space group C222 were oriented parallel, whereas those of the crystal in space group P22121 were oriented anti‐parallel. From a model of the crystal in space group C222, which we constructed by using crystal symmetry operators, a heptameric structure with eight patterns of interaction between protomers, including hydrophobic interactions with β‐strands, hydrophilic interactions with loop regions, and protein–lipid interactions, was observed. It is possible that by having multiple patterns of interaction, VDAC1 can form homo‐ or hetero‐oligomers not only with other VDAC1 protomers but also with other proteins such as VDAC2, VDAC3 and apoptosis‐regulating proteins in the Bcl‐2 family.