bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cli‐fi on the screen(s): patterns in the representations of climate change in fictional films
Authors: Svoboda Michael 
Published: December 2015

Fictional works about climate change, or cli‐fi, have been hailed as a new genre. As a complement to previousWIREsstudies of novels and plays, this article focuses on cli‐fi films, providing an overview of some 60 films, including major theatrical releases, smaller festival films, and made‐for‐TVmovies. Of the many possible impacts of climate change predicted by scientists, this study finds that filmmakers have focused on extreme weather events and the possibility of Earth slipping into a new ice age. These choices reflect filmmakers’ predispositions more than any scientific consensus and thus demonstrate the challenge that cli‐fi films pose to climate change communicators. Finally, noting the recent emergence of films that parody concerns about climate change or that depict attempts to mitigate its causes or ameliorate its effects as possibly more disastrous than climate change itself, this study recommends that researchers in the humanities and social sciences look beyondThe Day After Tomorrow, which has received far more attention than any other film.WIREs Clim Change2016, 7:43–64. doi: 10.1002/wcc.381This article is categorized under:Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Humanities and the Creative Arts
MicroRNA deregulation and chemotaxis and phagocytosis impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Guedes Joana R. , Santana Isabel , Cunha Catarina , Duro Diana , Almeida Maria R. , Cardoso Ana M. , de Lima Maria C. Pedroso , Cardoso Ana L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionMononuclear phagocytes play a critical role during Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis due to their contribution to innate immune responses and amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance mechanisms.MethodsBlood‐derived monocytes (BDMs) and monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) were isolated from blood of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and age‐matched healthy controls for molecular and phenotypic comparisons.ResultsThe chemokine/chemokine receptor CCL2/CCR2 axis was impaired in BDMs from AD and MCI patients, causing a deficit in cell migration. Changes were also observed in MDM‐mediated phagocytosis of Aβ fibrils, correlating with alterations in the expression and processing of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). Finally, immune‐related microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR‐155, ‐154, ‐200b, ‐27b, and ‐128, were found to be differentially expressed in these cells.DiscussionThis work provides evidence that chemotaxis and phagocytosis, two crucial innate immune functions, are impaired in AD and MCI patients. Correlations with miRNA levels suggest an epigenetic contribution to systemic immune dysfunction in AD.
Pain-related factors associated with lost work days in nurses with low back pain: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sharma Saurab , Shrestha Nischal , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Background and aims
Chronic low back pain is known to contribute to lost work days (LWDs) in nurses. However, there is a limited understanding of the factors that moderate the impact of low back pain (LBP) on LWDs – in particular factors that are modifiable and that could therefore be the treatment targets of interventions designed to help nurses more effectively manage LBP.
This study aims to identify pain-related factors that are associated with LWDs in nurses with LBP, in order to inform the development of interventions that could reduce LBP-related work dysfunction and improve patient care.

Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted on 111 female nurses who were asked to answer questions regarding demographic information, work history, presence or absence of LBP, number of LWDs due to illness, and a number of factors that could potentially be related to LWDs including: (1) average and worst pain intensity; (2) the temporal pattern of LBP (constant versus intermittent); (3) pain aggravating factors (lifting, bending, walking, and standing); and (4) pain alleviating factors (medications, rest, exercise).

Results
Sixty-five percent (n = 72) of the sample reported LBP. Constancy of pain and having a LBP problem that was alleviated by rest were significantly associated with the number of LWDs, while maximum and average LBP intensity were only weakly associated.

Conclusion
The findings provide important new information regarding whatis (and of equal importance) what is not associated with LWDs in nurses with LBP.

Implications
To effectively reduce LBP-related work disability, interventions may need to teach nurses how to better manage constant pain and remain active despite pain, rather than focus on pain reduction. Research to examine the potential efficacy of such treatment approaches for nurses with LBP is warranted.
q-analogues of Ehrhart polynomials
Authors: Chapoton F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe consider weighted sums over points of lattice polytopes, where the weight of a point v is the monomial qλ(v) for some linear form λ. We propose a q-analogue of the classical theory of Ehrhart series and Ehrhart polynomials, including Ehrhart reciprocity and involving evaluation at the q-integers. The main novelty is the proposal to consider q-Ehrhart polynomials. This general theory is then applied to the special case of order polytopes associated with partially ordered sets. Some more specific properties are described in the case of empty polytopes.
Humanitarian Medical Response to the Syrian Arab Republic (April 7, 2013 to April 23, 2013)
Authors: Mahomed Zeyn , Motara Feroza , Bham Ahmed 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Syrian Arab Republic is entrenched in a deadly civil war, plunging the country into a state of chaos. With 3.2 million refugees abroad, 7.6 million internally displaced persons, and more than 200,000 killed, humanitarian assistance and international intervention are in dire need.This report outlines the response to the Syrian humanitarian crisis by a South African-based nongovernmental organization (NGO). It describes the experiences of a health care worker, the patient profiles, and the lessons learned in a war zone.Responding to a nation in need is of paramount importance. In order to maximize the benefit conferred, the team should always attempt to implement measures that leave a lasting legacy.MahomedZ, MotaraF, BhamA. Humanitarian medical response to the Syrian Arab Republic (April 7, 2013 to April 23, 2013). Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(1):114–116.
T7 replisome directly overcomes DNA damage
Authors: Sun Bo , Pandey Manjula , Inman James T. , Yang Yi , Kashlev Mikhail , Patel Smita S. , Wang Michelle D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCells and viruses possess several known ‘restart’ pathways to overcome lesions during DNA replication. However, these ‘bypass’ pathways leave a gap in replicated DNA or require recruitment of accessory proteins, resulting in significant delays to fork movement or even cell division arrest. Using single-molecule and ensemble methods, we demonstrate that the bacteriophage T7 replisome is able to directly replicate through a leading-strand cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) lesion. We show that when a replisome encounters the lesion, a substantial fraction of DNA polymerase (DNAP) and helicase stay together at the lesion, the replisome does not dissociate and the helicase does not move forward on its own. The DNAP is able to directly replicate through the lesion by working in conjunction with helicase through specific helicase–DNAP interactions. These observations suggest that the T7 replisome is fundamentally permissive of DNA lesions via pathways that do not require fork adjustment or replisome reassembly.
PERK regulated miR-424(322)-503 cluster fine-tunes activation of IRE1 and ATF6 during Unfolded Protein Response
Authors: Gupta Ananya , Hossain Muhammad Mosaraf , Read Danielle E. , Hetz Claudio , Samali Afshin , Gupta Sanjeev 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) responds to changes in intracellular homeostasis through activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR can facilitate the restoration of cellular homeostasis, via the concerted activation of three ER stress sensors, namely IRE1, PERK and ATF6. Global approaches in several cellular contexts have revealed that UPR regulates the expression of many miRNAs that play an important role in the regulation of life and death decisions during UPR. Here we show that expression of miR-424(322)-503 cluster is downregulated during UPR. IRE1 inhibitor (4 μ8C) and deficiency of XBP1 had no effect on downregulation of miR-424(322)-503 during UPR. Treatment of cells with CCT030312, a selective activator of EIF2AK3/PERK signalling, leads to the downregulation of miR-424(322)-503 expression. The repression of miR-424(322)-503 cluster during conditions of ER stress is compromised in PERK-deficient MEFs. miR-424 regulates the expression of ATF6 via a miR-424 binding site in its 3′ UTR and attenuates the ATF6 transcriptional activity during UPR. Further miR-424 had no effect on IRE1-XBP1 axis but enhanced the regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD). Our results suggest that miR-424 constitutes an obligatory fine-tuning mechanism where PERK-mediated downregulation of miR-424(322)-503 cluster regulates optimal activation of IRE1 and ATF6 during conditions of ER stress.
Nature of low-frequency noise in homogeneous semiconductors
Authors: Palenskis Vilius , Maknys Kęstutis 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis report deals with a 1/f noise in homogeneous classical semiconductor samples on the base of silicon. We perform detail calculations of resistance fluctuations of the silicon sample due to both a) the charge carrier number changes due to their capture–emission processes and b) due to screening effect of those negative charged centers and show that proportionality of noise level to square mobility appears as a presentation parameter, but not due to mobility fluctuations. The obtained calculation results explain well the observed experimental results of 1/f noise in Si, Ge, GaAs and exclude the mobility fluctuations as the nature of 1/f noise in these materials and their devices. It is also shown how from the experimental 1/f noise results to find the effective number of defects responsible for this noise in the measured frequency range.
The aglycone of ginsenoside Rg3 enables glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in enteroendocrine cells and alleviates hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Kim Ki-Suk , Jung Yang Hea , Lee In-Seung , Kim Kang-Hoon , Park Jiyoung , Jeong Hyeon-Soo , Kim Yoomi , Seok Ahn Kwang , Na Yun-Cheol , Jang Hyeung-Jin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGinsenosides can be classified on the basis of the skeleton of their aglycones. Here, we hypothesized that the sugar moieties attached to the dammarane backbone enable binding of the ginsenosides to the sweet taste receptor, eliciting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in the enteroendocrine L cells. Using the human enteroendocrine NCI-H716 cells, we demonstrated that 15 ginsenosides stimulate GLP-1 secretion according to the position of their sugar moieties. Through a pharmacological approach and RNA interference technique to inhibit the cellular signal cascade and using the Gαgust−/− mice, we elucidated that GLP-1 secreting effect of Rg3 mediated by the sweet taste receptor mediated the signaling pathway. Rg3, a ginsenoside metabolite that transformed the structure through a steaming process, showed the strongest GLP-1 secreting effects in NCI-H716 cells and also showed an anti-hyperglycemic effect on a type 2 diabetic mouse model through increased plasma GLP-1 and plasma insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test. Our study reveals a novel mechanism where the sugar moieties of ginsenosides Rg3 stimulates GLP-1 secretion in enteroendocrine L cells through a sweet taste receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway and thus has an anti-hyperglycemic effect on the type 2 diabetic mouse model.
Functional tooth restoration utilising split germs through re-regionalisation of the tooth-forming field
Authors: Yamamoto Naomi , Oshima Masamitsu , Tanaka Chie , Ogawa Miho , Nakajima Kei , Ishida Kentaro , Moriyama Keiji , Tsuji Takashi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe tooth is an ectodermal organ that arises from a tooth germ under the regulation of reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Tooth morphogenesis occurs in the tooth-forming field as a result of reaction-diffusion waves of specific gene expression patterns. Here, we developed a novel mechanical ligation method for splitting tooth germs to artificially regulate the molecules that control tooth morphology. The split tooth germs successfully developed into multiple correct teeth through the re-regionalisation of the tooth-forming field, which is regulated by reaction-diffusion waves in response to mechanical force. Furthermore, split teeth erupted into the oral cavity and restored physiological tooth function, including mastication, periodontal ligament function and responsiveness to noxious stimuli. Thus, this study presents a novel tooth regenerative technology based on split tooth germs and the re-regionalisation of the tooth-forming field by artificial mechanical force.
Identification of a highly efficient stationary phase promoter in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Yu Xiaoxia , Xu Jiangtao , Liu Xiaoqing , Chu Xiaoyu , Wang Ping , Tian Jian , Wu Ningfeng , Fan Yunliu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA promoter that enabled high-level expression of the target gene during the stationary phase in the absence of an inducer would facilitate the efficient production of heterogeneous proteins at a low cost. In this study, a genome-scale microarray-based approach was employed to identify promoters that induced high-level expression of the target genes in Bacillus subtilis from the late log phase to the stationary phase without an inducer. Eleven candidate promoters were selected based on B. subtilis microarray data and the quantitative PCR analysis. Among the selected promoters, Pylb exhibited the highest activity with the reporter bgaB during the stationary phase. Compared with P43 (a commonly used constitutive promoter), promoter Pylb could express two reporter genes (egfp and mApple) and the expression levels of EGFP and RFP were 7.8- and 11.3-fold higher than that of P43, respectively. This finding was verified by overexpression of the genes encoding pullulanase and organophosphorus hydrolase, the activities of which were 7.4- and 2.3-fold higher, respectively, when driven by Pylb compared with P43. Therefore, our results suggest that the Pylb promoter could be used to overexpress target genes without an inducer; this method could facilitate the identification and evaluation of attractive promoters in the genome.
Treating Colon Cancer Cells with FK228 Reveals a Link between Histone Lysine Acetylation and Extensive Changes in the Cellular Proteome
Authors: Wang Tian-yun , Jia Yan-long , Zhang Xi , Sun Qiu-li , Li Yi-Chun , Zhang Jun-he , Zhao Chun-peng , Wang Xiao-yin , Wang Li 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe therapeutic value of FK228 as a cancer treatment option is well known and various types of cancer have been shown to respond to this drug. However, the complete mechanism of FK228 and the affect it has on histone lysine acetylation and the colon cancer cell proteome are largely unknown. In the present study, we used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and affinity enrichment followed by high-resolution liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS)/MS analysis to quantitate the changes in the lysine acetylome in HCT-8 cells after FK228 treatment. A total of 1,194 lysine acetylation sites in 751 proteins were quantified, with 115 of the sites in 85 proteins being significantly upregulated and 38 of the sites in 32 proteins being significantly downregulated in response to FK228 treatment. Interestingly, 47 histone lysine acetylation sites were identified in the core histone proteins. We also found a novel lysine acetylation site on H2BK121. These significantly altered proteins are involved in multiple biological functions as well as a myriad of metabolic and enzyme-regulated pathways. Taken together, the link between FK228 function and the downstream changes in the HCT-8 cell proteome observed in response to FK228 treatment is established.
Direct Observation of Photoinduced Charge Separation in Ruthenium Complex/Ni(OH)2 Nanoparticle Hybrid
Authors: Tang Yu , Pattengale Brian , Ludwig John , Atifi Abderrahman , Zinovev Alexander V. , Dong Bin , Kong Qingyu , Zuo Xiaobing , Zhang Xiaoyi , Huang Jier 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNi(OH)2 have emerged as important functional materials for solar fuel conversion because of their potential as cost-effective bifunctional catalysts for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. However, their roles as photocatalysts in the photoinduced charge separation (CS) reactions remain unexplored. In this paper, we investigate the CS dynamics of a newly designed hybrid catalyst by integrating a Ru complex with Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles (NPs). Using time resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XTA), we directly observed the formation of the reduced Ni metal site (~60 ps), unambiguously demonstrating CS process in the hybrid through ultrafast electron transfer from Ru complex to Ni(OH)2 NPs. Compared to the ultrafast CS process, the charge recombination in the hybrid is ultraslow (≫50 ns). These results not only suggest the possibility of developing Ni(OH)2 as solar fuel catalysts, but also represent the first time direct observation of efficient CS in a hybrid catalyst using XTA.
Implementing an Opioid Risk Assessment Telephone Clinic: Outcomes from a Pharmacist-Led Initiative in a Large Veterans Health Administration Primary Care Clinic, December 15, 2014–March 31, 2015
Authors: Jacobs Sara C. , Son Elizabeth K. , Tat Christina , Chiao Phillip , Dulay Maya , Ludwig Alison 
Published: December 2015

Background In response to the national epidemic of prescription opioid misuse and related adverse outcomes, two clinical pharmacists developed a telephone risk assessment clinic to promote safe opioid prescribing through a monthly assessment of patient medication use, aberrant behaviors, and side effects. Methods A pilot group of five primary care providers and their patients with chronic nonmalignant pain on chronic opioid therapy, defined as having received prescription opioid medications for ≥90 days in the last 120 days, were identified. A risk assessment evaluation based on Veterans Health Administration/Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain was created. Factors assessed were receipt of non-San Francisco Veterans Administration Health Care System controlled substance prescriptions through California's prescription drug monitoring program, urine drug test (UDT) results, and aberrant behaviors. Pharmacist-recommended changes to regimen and provider response to recommendation were compiled. The pilot was conducted from December 15, 2014, to March 31, 2015. Results Among 608 patients on chronic opioid therapy, 148 were assigned to pilot providers and 447 assessments were completed. Twenty-five (16.8%) patients had non-VA controlled substance prescriptions, of which 14 (56.0%) patients filled a non-VA controlled substance within 3 months of the start of pilot. Seventeen UDT results inconsistent with their prescribed regimens were identified from 12 patients (8.1%). Pharmacists recommended 66 changes to chronic opioid prescriptions in 48 patients (32.4%), including decreasing quantity of opioid(s) (33.3%), discontinuing chronic opioid therapy (22.7%), and delaying a fill (19.7%). Sixty-one of 66 (92.5%) pharmacist recommendations for regimen change were implemented by providers. Chronic opioid therapy was discontinued in 14 (9.5%) patients over the course of the pilot study. Conclusions A pharmacist-led telephone risk assessment clinic improved adherence to clinical guidelines and changed opioid prescribing practices in more than one third of assessed patients.
Landau resonant modification of multiple kink mode contributions to 3D tokamak equilibria
Authors: King J.D. , Strait E.J. , Ferraro N.M. , Hanson J.M. , Haskey S.R. , Lanctot M.J. , Liu Y.Q. , Logan N. , Paz-Soldan C. , Shiraki D. , Turnbull A.D. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Detailed measurements of the plasma’s response to applied magnetic perturbations provide experimental evidence that the form of three-dimensional (3D) tokamak equilibria, with toroidal mode number n  =  1, is determined by multiple stable kink modes at high-pressure. For pressures greater than the ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability limit, as calculated without a stabilizing wall, the 3D structure transitions in a way that is qualitatively predicted by an extended MHD model that includes kinetic wave-particle interactions. These changes in poloidal mode structure are correlated with the proximity of rotation profiles to thermal ion bounce and the precession drift frequencies suggesting that these kinetic resonances are modifying the relative amplitudes of the stable modes. These results imply that each kink may eventually be independently controlled.
Simulation of gross and net erosion of high-Z materials in the DIII-D divertor
Authors: Ding R. , Stangeby P.C. , Rudakov D.L. , Elder J.D. , Tskhakaya D. , Wampler W.R. , Kirschner A. , McLean A.G. , Guo H.Y. , Chan V.S. , Snyder P.B. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The three-dimensional Monte Carlo code ERO has been used to simulate dedicated DIII-D experiments in which Mo and W samples with different sizes were exposed to controlled and well-diagnosed divertor plasma conditions to measure the gross and net erosion rates. Experimentally, the net erosion rate is significantly reduced due to the high local redeposition probability of eroded high-Z materials, which according to the modelling is mainly controlled by the electric field and plasma density within the Chodura sheath. Similar redeposition ratios were obtained from ERO modelling with three different sheath models for small angles between the magnetic field and the material surface, mainly because of their similar mean ionization lengths. The modelled redeposition ratios are close to the measured value. Decreasing the potential drop across the sheath can suppress both gross and net erosion because sputtering yield is decreased due to lower incident energy while the redeposition ratio is not reduced owing to the higher electron density in the Chodura sheath. Taking into account material mixing in the ERO surface model, the net erosion rate of high-Z materials is shown to be strongly dependent on the carbon impurity concentration in the background plasma; higher carbon concentration can suppress net erosion. The principal experimental results such as net erosion rate and profile and redeposition ratio are well reproduced by the ERO simulations.