bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem Composition Controls the Fate of Rare Earth Elements during Incipient Soil Genesis
Authors: Zaharescu Dragos G. , Burghelea Carmen I. , Dontsova Katerina , Presler Jennifer K. , Maier Raina M. , Huxman Travis , Domanik Kenneth J. , Hunt Edward A. , Amistadi Mary K. , Gaddis Emily E. , Palacios-Menendez Maria A. , Vaquera-Ibarra Maria O. , Chorover Jon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe rare earth elements (REE) are increasingly important in a variety of science and economic fields, including (bio)geosciences, paleoecology, astrobiology, and mining. However, REE distribution in early rock-microbe-plant systems has remained elusive. We tested the hypothesis that REE mass-partitioning during incipient weathering of basalt, rhyolite, granite and schist depends on the activity of microbes, vascular plants (Buffalo grass), and arbuscular mycorrhiza. Pore-water element abundances revealed a rapid transition from abiotic to biotic signatures of weathering, the latter associated with smaller aqueous loss and larger plant uptake. Abiotic dissolution was 39% of total denudation in plant-microbes-mycorrhiza treatment. Microbes incremented denudation, particularly in rhyolite, and this resulted in decreased bioavailable solid pools in this rock. Total mobilization (aqueous + uptake) was ten times greater in planted compared to abiotic treatments, REE masses in plant generally exceeding those in water. Larger plants increased bioavailable solid pools, consistent with enhanced soil genesis. Mycorrhiza generally had a positive effect on total mobilization. The main mechanism behind incipient REE weathering was carbonation enhanced by biotic respiration, the denudation patterns being largely dictated by mineralogy. A consistent biotic signature was observed in La:phosphate and mobilization: solid pool ratios, and in the pattern of denudation and uptake.
Impact of Genetic Variation on Human CaMKK2 Regulation by Ca2+-Calmodulin and Multisite Phosphorylation
Authors: O’Brien Matthew T. , Oakhill Jonathan S. , Ling Naomi X. Y. , Langendorf Christopher G. , Hoque Ashfaqul , Dite Toby A. , Means Anthony R. , Kemp Bruce E. , Scott John W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Ca2+-calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase-2 (CaMKK2) is a key regulator of neuronal function and whole-body energy metabolism. Elevated CaMKK2 activity is strongly associated with prostate and hepatic cancers, whereas reduced CaMKK2 activity has been linked to schizophrenia and bipolar disease in humans. Here we report the functional effects of nine rare-variant point mutations that were detected in large-scale human genetic studies and cancer tissues, all of which occur close to two regulatory phosphorylation sites and the catalytic site on human CaMKK2. Four mutations (G87R, R139W, R142W and E268K) cause a marked decrease in Ca2+-independent autonomous activity, however S137L and P138S mutants displayed increased autonomous and Ca2+-CaM stimulated activities. Furthermore, the G87R mutant is defective in Thr85-autophosphorylation dependent autonomous activity, whereas the A329T mutation rendered CaMKK2 virtually insensitive to Ca2+-CaM stimulation. The G87R and R139W mutants behave as dominant-negative inhibitors of CaMKK2 signaling in cells as they block phosphorylation of the downstream substrate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in response to ionomycin. Our study provides insight into functionally disruptive, rare-variant mutations in human CaMKK2, which have the potential to influence risk and burden of disease associated with aberrant CaMKK2 activity in human populations carrying these variants.
Evidence for Critical Role of Lymphocyte Cytosolic Protein 1 in Oral Cancer
Authors: Koide Nao , Kasamatsu Atsushi , Endo-Sakamoto Yosuke , Ishida Sho , Shimizu Toshihiro , Kimura Yasushi , Miyamoto Isao , Yoshimura Shusaku , Shiiba Masashi , Tanzawa Hideki , Uzawa Katsuhiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (LCP1), a member of actin-binding protein of the plastin family, has been identified in several malignant tumors of non-hematopoietic sites, such as the colon, prostate, and breast. However, little is known about the roles of LCP1 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). This present study sought to clarify the clinical relevance of LCP1 in OSCCs and investigate possible clinical applications for treating OSCCs by regulating LCP1 expression. We found up-regulation of LCP1in OSCCs compared with normal counterparts using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry (P < 0.05). We used shRNA models for LCP1 (shLCP1) and enoxacin (ENX), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic drug, as a regulator of LCP1 expression. In addition to the LCP1 knockdown experiments in which shLCP1 cells showed several depressed functions, including cellular proliferation, invasiveness, and migratory activities, ENX-treated cells also had attenuated functions. Consistent with our hypothesis from our in vitro data, LCP1-positive OSCC samples were correlated closely with the primary tumoral size and regional lymph node metastasis. These results suggested that LCP1 is a useful biomarker for determining progression of OSCCs and that ENX might be a new therapeutic agent for treating OSCCs by controlling LCP1 expression.
Storage of passive motion pattern in hippocampal CA1 region depends on CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway in a motion sickness rodent model
Authors: Wang Junqin , Liu Jiluo , Pan Leilei , Qi Ruirui , Liu Peng , Zhou Wei , Cai Yiling 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSensory mismatch between actual motion information and anticipated sensory patterns (internal model) is the etiology of motion sickness (MS). Some evidence supports that hippocampus might involve the neural storage of the “internal model”. This study established an “internal model” acquisition-retention behavioral model using a repeated habituation rotation training protocol. We tried to identify the hippocampal subregion involved in “internal model” retention using chemical lesion methods. Hippocampal kinases (CaMK, CaMKIV, CREB and ERK1/2) phosphorylation in the target subregion was assayed and the effects of kinase inhibitors (KN93 or U0126) on “internal model” retention were investigated. The activities of potential kinases (CaMKII and CREB) were also examined in otoliths deficithet/hetmice. In habituated rats, CA1 lesion reproduced MS-related behavioral responses on “internal model” retention day. Habituation training increased CaMKII and CREB activity but had no effect on CaMKIV and ERK1/2 activity in the CA1, while inhibition of CaMKII but not ERK1/2 impaired “internal model” retention. Inhet/hetmice, CaMKII and CREB were not activated in the CA1 on the retention day. These results suggested that CaMKII/CREB pathway might potentially contribute to the storage of the “internal model” in the hippocampal CA1 after motion sickness induced by vestibular stimulation.
Rtfc (4931414P19Rik) Regulates in vitro Thyroid Differentiation and in vivo Thyroid Function
Authors: Yu Yang , Liu Chang , Zhang Junxia , Zhang Mimi , Wen Wei , Ruan Xianhui , Li Dapeng , Zhang Shuang , Gao Ming , Chen Lingyi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThyroid is a one of the most important endocrine organs. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying thyroid development and function, as well as thyroid diseases, is beneficial for the clinical treatment of thyroid diseases and tumors. Through genetic linkage analysis and exome sequencing, we previously identified an uncharacterized gene C14orf93 (RTFC, mouse homolog: 4931414P19Rik) as a novel susceptibility gene for familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma, and demonstrated its function in promoting thyroid tumor. However, the role of RTFC in thyroid development and function remains unexplored. In this study, we found that knockout of Rtfc compromises the in vitro thyroid differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. In contrast, Rtfc−/− mice are viable and fertile, and the size and the morphology of thyroid are not affected by Rtfc knockout. However, female Rtfc−/− mice, but not male Rtfc−/− mice, display mild hypothyroidism. In summary, our data suggest the roles of Rtfc in in vitro thyroid differentiation of embryonic stem cells, and in vivo thyroid function.
Early Age at First Sexual Intercourse is Associated with Higher Prevalence of High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL)
Authors: Xavier-Júnior José Cândido Caldeira , Dufloth Rozany Mucha , Vale Diama Bhadra , Lima Marcelo Tavares de , Zeferino Luiz Carlos 
Published: February 2017

Objective To evaluate the association of age at first sexual intercourse with the results of the cervicovaginal cytology.
Study Design Observational analytical study about the prevalence of altered cervicovaginal cytology results in women aged between 18 and 34 years from a densely populated area in Brazil, during 10 years. The patients were stratified into 2 categories according to their age at first sexual intercourse (13–16 years and 17–24 years).
Results From the total of 2,505,154 exams, 898,921 tests were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Considering women with 4 years or less from the first sexual intercourse as a reference, those with 5 to 9 years and 10 years or more showed a higher prevalence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Women with an earlier onset of sexual intercourse (13–16 years) showed higher prevalence ratios for atypical squamous cells (ASC), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and HSIL. The prevalence ratio for HSIL adjusted by age at diagnosis and by age at first sexual intercourse was higher only for women with an earlier onset of sexual intercourse.
Conclusions The age of first sexual intercourse could be a variable that might qualify the selection among young women who are really at a higher risk for HSIL.
Effektivität eines sensomotorischen Krafttrainings im Rahmen einer ambulanten pneumologischen Rehabilitation bei COPD-Patienten: eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie
Authors: Spielmanns M. , Müller K. , Schott N. , Winkler A. , Polanski H. , Nell C. , Boeselt T. , Koczulla A. , Storre J. , Windisch W. , Magnet F. , Baum K. 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Einen Eckpfeiler der pneumologischen Rehabilitation (PR) von Patienten mit einer chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD) stellt das körperliche Training dar. Die Komponenten eines erfolgreichen Trainings sind aber noch nicht abschließend untersucht. Es wurde eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie durchgeführt, um die Effektivität eines sensomotorischen Trainings (SMT) im Vergleich zu einem konventionellen Krafttraining (KT) auf den Zugewinn an Leistungsfähigkeit zu untersuchen.
Patienten und Methoden 43 COPD-Patienten wurden randomisiert und trainierten entweder in der Interventionsgruppe (SMT = 30 Minuten SMT pro Tag) oder in der Kontrollgruppe (KT = 30 Minuten KT pro Tag). Das SMT wurde als Zirkeltraining mit 5 Stationen durchgeführt. Der primäre Endpunkt war die Differenz zwischen T1 (Beginn der PR) und T2 (Ende der PR) im 5-Times Sit-to-Stand-Test (5-STST) im Intergruppenvergleich. Sekundäre Endpunkte waren die Intra- und Intergruppenvergleiche zu T1 und T2 im 6-Minuten-Gehtest (6-MWT), COPD-Assessmenttest (CAT), St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), Hospital-Anxiety-and-Depression Scale (HADS) und der Lungenfunktion.
Ergebnisse Im 5-STST zeigt sich zwischen den Gruppen kein signifikanter Unterschied. Ebenso im 6-MWT, SGRQ, CAT, HADS und in der Lungenfunktion. Im Intragruppenvergleich zwischen T1 und T2 zeigten sich in beiden Gruppen signifikante Unterschiede im 5-STST, 6-MWT, SGRQ, CAT und HADS. Die Unterschiede in der Lungenfunktion waren weder im Inter- noch im Intragruppenvergleich signifikant.
Schlussfolgerung Die Verbesserungen der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit bei COPD-Patienten im Rahmen einer PR sind mit einem SMT ebenso gut erreichbar wie mit einem konventionellen Krafttraining. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um den Stellenwert des SMT im Hinblick auf die posturale Kontrolle zu definieren.
Symmetric dimethylarginine, high-density lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Zewinger Stephen , Kleber Marcus E. , Rohrer Lucia , Lehmann Marlene , Triem Sarah , Jennings Richard T. , Petrakis Ioannis , Dressel Alexander , Lepper Philipp M. , Scharnagl Hubert , Ritsch Andreas , Thorand Barbara , Heier Margit , Meisinger Christa , de las Heras Gala Tonia , Koenig Wolfgang , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Schwedhelm Edzard , Böger Rainer H. , Laufs Ulrich , von Eckardstein Arnold , Landmesser Ulf , Lüscher Thomas F. , Fliser Danilo , März Winfried , Meinitzer Andreas , Speer Thimoteus 
Published: February 2017

Aims
The vascular effects of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) differ under certain clinical conditions. The composition of HDL is modified in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). As a consequence, uremic HDL induces endothelial dysfunction. We have previously shown that accumulation of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in HDL causes these adverse effects of HDL in CKD. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of the accumulation of SDMA on the association between HDL and mortality.

Methods and results
Mortality, renal function, serum SDMA and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were assessed in the LURIC study including 3310 subjects undergoing coronary angiography. All-cause mortality was 30.0% during median follow-up of 9.9 years. Serum SDMA levels significantly predicted all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and were significantly correlated with SDMA accumulation in HDL. Notably, higher serum SDMA was independently associated with lower cholesterol efflux (P = 0.004) as a measure of HDL functionality. In subjects with low SDMA levels, higher HDL-C was associated with significantly lower mortality. In contrast, in subjects with high SDMA, HDL-C was associated with higher mortality. These findings were confirmed in 1424 participants of the MONICA/KORA S3 cohort. Of note, we derived an algorithm allowing for calculation of biologically effective HDL-C’ based on measured HDL-C and SDMA. We corroborated these clinical findings with in vitro evidence showing that SDMA accumulation abolishes the anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties of HDL.

Conclusion
The data identify SDMA as a marker of HDL dysfunction. These findings highlight on the pivotal role of SDMA accumulation in HDL as a mediator of pre-mature cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD.
Recurrent Placenta-Mediated Complications in Women With Three Consecutive Deliveries
Authors: Hiersch Liran , Shinar Shiri , Melamed Nir , Aviram Amir , Hadar Eran , Yogev Yariv , Ashwal Eran 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the risk of placenta-mediated complications in women in their third delivery according to their obstetric history in the first and second deliveries.

METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study of all women with singleton pregnancies who delivered their first three consecutive deliveries in a single medical center over a 20-year period (1994–2013). The risk of placenta-mediated complications in the third delivery, that is, hypertensive disorders such as preeclampsia or gestational hypertension, placental abruption, and small for gestational age (SGA less than the 10th percentile), was assessed according to the presence or absence of complications in previous deliveries. Pregnancies complicated by multiple gestations or fetal anomalies were excluded.

RESULTS:
Of the 121,728 deliveries during the study period, 4,472 women (13,416 deliveries [11.0%]) met inclusion criteria. The rate of placenta-mediated complications in the third delivery was 5.9% (n=264). The most prevalent placenta-mediated complication was SGA. The risk of each placenta-mediated complication was greater the higher the incidence of placenta-mediated complications in prior pregnancies. In multivariate analysis, that risk was significantly associated with the number and order of complications in previous deliveries in a dose-dependent pattern: with no complications in either their first or second deliveries as a reference (n=3,650), the adjusted odds ratio (and 95% confidence intervals) was 4.35 (3.03–6.24) for complications in the first delivery but not the second delivery (n=532); 6.41 (3.95–10.38) for complications in the second delivery but not the first delivery (n=179); and 8.28 (4.72–14.58) for complications in both first and second deliveries (n=111), (P<.001).

CONCLUSION:
The number and order of previous placenta-mediated complications in the first two deliveries are major risk factors for recurrence in the third delivery. Previous SGA was the strongest risk factor for recurrence of SGA and other placenta-mediated complications.
Perinatal outcomes after oocyte donation and in-vitro fertilization
Authors: Kamath Mohan S. , Sunkara Sesh K. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of review
To critically appraise the existing literature on perinatal outcomes following oocyte donation (OD) pregnancies and compare it with autologous in-vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies.

Recent findings
OD pregnancies are at higher risk of developing hypertensive disorders compared with autologous IVF. The risk of preterm birth and low birth weight is higher with singleton and multiple OD compared with autologous IVF pregnancies. There is no increased risk of congenital malformations following OD compared with autologous IVF births.

Summary
OD pregnancies are at higher risk of developing hypertensive disorders and adverse perinatal outcomes compared with autologous IVF.
Psychological Distress and Quality of Life in Pediatric Crohn Disease
Authors: Claar Robyn Lewis , van Tilburg Miranda A.L. , Abdullah Bisher , Langer Shelby , Sherif Dalia , Whitehead William E. , Drossman Douglas A. , Levy Rona L. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:For patients with Crohn disease (CD), symptom reporting may not coincide with disease state; patients in remission may continue to report symptoms and pain, whereas other patients may be symptom‐free despite a flare. This phenomenon has been documented in adults but only recently assessed in pediatric patients. The present study assessed the role of pain reporting and disease state in pediatric patients with CD in understanding psychological distress and quality of life.Methods:Participants included 116 children and adolescents ages 8 to 18 years with CD who completed self‐report questionnaires assessing pain, disease symptoms, depression, anxiety, functional disability, and quality of life. Physicians completed the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index to assess disease activity (scores ⩽10 = remission, scores >10 = flare).Results:Approximately two thirds of participants reported pain concordant with disease state. For patients in remission, those with pain experienced significantly increased disability and decreased quality of life compared to patients in remission without pain. For patients in a flare, those without pain experienced significantly decreased disability and depressive symptoms, and improved quality of life compared to patients in a flare with pain.Conclusions:For pediatric patients with CD, report of pain, while in remission or a flare, is associated with increased disability and reduced quality of life. Although levels of depression did not differ by disease state, depressive symptoms did differ by pain report (presence or absence) for those in a flare. Pain reporting in CD appears to be associated with both physical and psychological state and should be assessed regardless of disease activity.
Emerging Regional and Racial Disparities in the Lifetime Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Men who Have Sex With Men: A Comparative Life Table Analysis in King County, WA and Mississippi
Authors: Chan Galant A. , Johnson Kendra L. , Mosca Nicholas G. , Dobbs Thomas E. , Dombrowski Julia C. , Bennett Amy B. , Buskin Susan E. , Golden Matthew R. 
Published: February 2017

Background
Little is known about the lifetime risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis among US men who have sex with men (MSM), trends in risk and how risk varies between populations.

Methods
We used census and HIV surveillance data to construct life tables to estimate the cumulative risk of HIV diagnosis among cohorts of MSM born 1940 to 1994 in King County, Washington (KC) and Mississippi (MS).

Results
The cumulative risk of HIV diagnosis progressed in 3 phases. In phase 1, risk increased among MSM in successive cohorts born 1940 to 1964. Among men born 1955 to 1965 (the peak risk cohort), by age 55 years, 45% of white KC MSM, 65% of black KC MSM, 22% of white MS MSM, and 51% of black MS MSM had been diagnosed with HIV. In phase 2, men born 1965 to 1984, risk of diagnosis among KC MSM declined almost 60% relative to the peak risk cohort. A similar pattern of decline occurred in white MS MSM, with a somewhat smaller decline observed in black MS MSM. In phase 3, men born 1985 to 1994, the pattern of risk diverged. Among white KC MSM, black KC MSM, and white MS MSM, HIV risk increased slightly compared with men born 1975 to 1984, with 6%, 14%, and 2% diagnosed by age 27 years, respectively. Among black MS MSM born 1985 to 1994, HIV risk rose dramatically, with 35% HIV diagnosed by age 27 years.

Conclusions
The lifetime risk of HIV diagnosis has substantially declined among MSM in KC and among white MSM in MS, but is rising dramatically among black MSM in MS.
Imaging Performance of a Handheld Ultrasound System With Real-Time Computer-Aided Detection of Lumbar Spine Anatomy
Authors: Tiouririne Mohamed , Dixon Adam J. , Mauldin F. William , Scalzo David , Krishnaraj Arun 
Published: February 2017

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the imaging performance of a handheld ultrasound system and the accuracy of an automated lumbar spine computer-aided detection (CAD) algorithm in the spines of human subjects.

Materials and Methods
This study was approved by the institutional review board of the University of Virginia. The authors designed a handheld ultrasound system with enhanced bone image quality and fully automated CAD of lumbar spine anatomy. The imaging performance was evaluated by imaging the lumbar spines of 68 volunteers with body mass index between 18.5 and 48 kg/m2. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the lumbar spine CAD algorithm were assessed by comparing the algorithm's results to ground-truth segmentations of neuraxial anatomy provided by radiologists.

Results
The lumbar spine CAD algorithm detected the epidural space with a sensitivity of 94.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.1%–98.1%) and a specificity of 85.5% (95% CI, 81.7%–88.6%) and measured its depth with an error of approximately ±0.5 cm compared with measurements obtained manually from the 2-dimensional ultrasound images. The spine midline was detected with a sensitivity of 93.9% (95% CI, 85.8%–97.7%) and specificity of 91.3% (95% CI, 83.6%–96.9%), and its lateral position within the ultrasound image was measured with an error of approximately ±0.3 cm. The bone enhancement imaging mode produced images with 5.1- to 10-fold enhanced bone contrast when compared with a comparable handheld ultrasound imaging system.

Conclusions
The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of CAD for assisting with real-time interpretation of ultrasound images of the lumbar spine at the bedside.