bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition of Acyl‐Imidazoles to Acrolein or β‐Ester Enones
Authors: Shi Qian , Sun Jiani , Wu Jiangbo , Lu Xuehe , Wu Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn enantioselective Michael addition of α‐substituted acyl‐imidazoles to acrolein catalyzed by a nickel‐bisoxazoline complex has been developed. The use of strong Lewis acid TMSOTf as an additive to activate the Michael acceptors proved to be vital to the success of this process. This process tolerates a wide range of acyl‐imidazoles, and a series of conjugate adducts are obtained in high yields and good enantioselectivities. Besides acrolein, β‐ester ennones are also applicable in this process affording the corresponding conjugate adducts in high yields with good diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivites in most cases. The potential utility of the reaction system is confirmed through 2 mmol‐scale reaction and derivatization experiments.
Superactivity of Bimetallic CuFeO2 Submicron Particles towards Selective Proteolysis, Depending on their Surface Hydroxyls
Authors: Guo Mingxiu , Wang Yaru , Xu Xiaolong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNano bimetallic oxides as nanoproteases have the great advantages in the heterogeneous hydrolysis of proteins. Here, we report that bimetallic delafossite CuFeO2 submicron particles (CuFeO2 SMPs) display a high protease activity towards selective cleavage of peptide bond involving hydrophobic residue at 25 °C. CuFeO2 SMPs have excellent regeneration performance with high structural stability. The strong Lewis acidity of Fe3+ and the strong nucleophilicity of Cu+ bound hydroxyl groups are both necessary for the high protease activity of CuFeO2 SMPs. Low‐valent metal ion has a great advantage in that low‐valent Cu+ bound hydroxyl has strong nucleophilicity, resulting in promotion of protein hydrolysis via high‐efficient bimetallic catalysis. This study provides evidence that the protease activity of CuFeO2 SMPs depends on metal ion‐bound hydroxyls on their surface. Our findings highlight that the valence of metal ions in artificial protease and their surface hydroxyls are two important factors that determine their catalytic efficiency.
Photochemical Decarboxylative Radical Alkylation/Cyclization Reaction to Fused Nitrogen Heterocycles by LiI/PPh3 Catalysis
Authors: Sui Jia‐Li , Liu Xin‐Qian , Li Shun‐Dan , Huang Peng‐Fei , Liu Yu , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive SummaryA visible‐light‐induced decarboxylative radical cascade cyclization reaction between N‐(2‐cyanoaryl)‐acrylamides and alkyl N‐(acyloxy)phthalimide (NHPI esters) for the construction of phenanthridine derivatives has been developed. This approach utilizes lithium iodide (LiI) and triphenylphosphine (PPh3) as the redox catalysts and the alkyl radical is produced through the photoactivation of the electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex. A series of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl‐substituted phenanthridines are prepared in up to 82% yield without transition‐metal catalysts, chemical oxidants, or metal‐/organic dye‐based photocatalysts.
Boosting Photogenerated Electrons Transfer from FeVO4 to Peroxymonosulfate via Cu Doping for Stable Degradation of Organic Contaminants
Authors: Zhong Zhou , Liu Xiang‐Ji , Ma Li , Zhan Zi‐Jian , Yuan Yu‐Xin , Zhang Heng‐Jian , Cai Feng‐Ying , Hou Yi‐Dong , Lü Jian , Cao Rong 
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive SummaryElectron transfer is an important way to activate persulfate. Currently, the electrons for persulfate activation mainly originate from organic contaminants or the catalyst itself, which can lead to selective activation of persulfate or oxidation of the catalyst, respectively, and thus become a bottleneck restricting its application. In this work, Cu−doped FeVO4 (Cu−FVO) was prepared, and the results showed that Cu doping can significantly improve the photocatalytic activity and stability of FVO for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The optimized Cu−FVO/PMS/light system exhibited a high BPA degradation rate that is 4.3 times higher than that of the FVO/PMS/light. This system manifested a broad applicability to various organic contaminants even with complex matrix. Photoelectrochemical analysis and DFT theoretical calculations revealed that Cu doping boosted the photogenerated charge separation and the adsorption of PMS on FVO. Furthermore, Cu doping led to the establishment of an electron transfer channel from Cu−FVO to PMS, through which photogenerated electrons achieved an efficient PMS activation. Meanwhile, holes were consumed by organic contaminants to avoid the oxidation of catalyst. These collectively enhanced the photocatalytic activity and stability of Cu−FVO, which also maintained high catalytic activity even after 20 cycling degradation reactions.
Divergent Assembly of Functionalized Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine Derivatives via [3+2] Cyclization of N‐Aminopyridinium Salts with Various Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Authors: Liu Xiang , Ma Shaohong , Yan Shi , Shi Xiaotian , Li Shuting , Ma Yanlong , Cao Hua 
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive SummaryTwo reaction modes for metal‐free [3 + 2] cyclization of N‐aminopyridinium derivatives with β‐alkoxyvinyl trifluoromethylketones have been described through selective C—O or C—O/C—C bond cleavage. This strategy can also be extended to the [3 + 2] cyclization of N‐aminopyridinium derivatives with enaminones and bromoalkynes. A broad range of N‐aminopyridinium, N‐aminoquinolinium, and N‐aminoisoquinolinium salts are well tolerated, enabling the divergent synthesis of trifluoroacylated, non‐substituted, acylated, and brominated pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine derivatives (62 examples).
Catalytic Asymmetric [4+2] Cyclization of Hydroxyphenyl Indolinone with Azlactone to Construct Spirooxindole δ‐Lactone
Authors: Wang Xuerui , Ren Weiwu 
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive SummaryAn efficient asymmetric [4+2] cyclization of hydroxyphenyl indolinone with azlactone for the synthesis of spirooxindole δ‐lactone has been developed, which realized the first asymmetric reaction of hydroxyphenyl indolinone. A series of intricate structures with congested vicinal quaternary chiral centers were provided in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities via the in situ generated o‐QM from hydroxyphenyl indolinone.
Meeting the Industrial Challenges of CO2 Photocatalytic Reduction: Moving From Molybdenum Disulfides to Oxysulfides Based Materials?
Authors: Roth Sébastien , Bonduelle‐Skrzypczak Audrey , Legens Christèle , Raybaud Pascal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReducing CO2 emissions is one of the greatest challenges of the century. Among the means employed to tackle CO2 emissions, the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 is an appealing way to valorize CO2 since it uses the sun energy, which is abundant. However, nowadays, the best photocatalytic systems still report too low efficiencies, and use expensive materials, so they cannot be readily industrialized for use at large scale. In this report, we first highlight general industrial and process challenges (including operating conditions). Then, focusing on MoS2/TiO2 heterojunction systems, we analyze advantages and limitations of such systems and open perspectives on Mo oxysulfides supported on TiO2 discussing their potential to reach higher efficiency for CO2 photoconversion.
Exploring the Photocatalytic Cleavage Pathway of the β‐5 Linkage Lignin Model Compound on Carbon Nitride
Authors: Liu Junhong , Ralphs Kathryn , Murnaghan Christopher W. J. , Skillen Nathan , Sheldrake Gary N. , McCarron Philip , Robertson Peter K. J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs a globally abundant source of biomass, lignocellulosic biomass has been the centre of attention as a potential resource for green energy generation and value‐added chemical production. A key component of lignocellulosic biomass, lignin, which is comprised of aromatic monomers, is a potential feedstock for value added chemical production. The cleavage processes of the linkages between monomers to obtain high value products, however, requires significant investigation as it is a complex, non‐facile process. This study focuses on the photocatalytic valorization of a β‐5 lignin model compound, a key linkage in the lignin structure. It was found that greater yields of aromatic products were obtained from the photocatalytic conversion of β‐5 lignin model compound using carbon nitride (CN) when compared to Evonik P25 titanium dioxide (TiO2). Products of the β‐5 model compound photocatalytic conversion were determined and C−C bond cleavage was observed. It was also determined that the solvent participated in the reactions with the introduction of a cyano group to one of the products. Radical quenching experiments revealed that superoxide radicals participated in the CN photocatalytic conversion. These results reveal for the first time the products and possible mechanism of the photocatalytic transformation of β‐5 model compounds using CN photocatalysis.
Neuro‐fuzzy‐based cluster formation scheme for energy‐efficient data routing in IOT‐enabled WSN
Authors: Sundaram Paulraj Sakthi Shunmuga , Kannabiran Vijayan 
Published: September 2024

SummaryInternet of things–enabled wireless sensor networks face challenges like inflexibility, poor scalability, suboptimal cluster head selection, and energy inefficiencies. This is due to the faster data transmission rates between cluster nodes during data packet routing. This creates unnecessary energy consumption burdens for those actively transmitting nodes. Conceptually, an effective cluster formation phase supports better data routing mechanisms, while sustaining the energy efficiency of individual nodes. This paper proposes a Neuro‐Fuzzy based Cluster Formation (NFCF) scheme to facilitate adaptive and energy‐efficient cluster topologies. NFCF utilizes fuzzy logic and neural networks to identify optimal super nodes for flexible cluster formations. This approach enables configurable cluster sizes along with inclusion/exclusion criteria for member nodes based on energy thresholds. Parameters evaluated for node selection include the degree of super node, expected energy per cluster, energy variance, and residual energy. Nodes not meeting the thresholds are excluded. The neural network updates fuzzy rules to guide optimal clustering decisions based on anticipated energy dynamics under different conditions. The performance of the proposed NFCF scheme is evaluated based on objective function changes related to data transmission, individual node energy variation, energy variance before and after transmissions, and averaged end‐to‐end delay across transmission cycles. Results are compared against genetic fuzzy clustering, fuzzy energy‐aware clustering, fuzzy‐based distributed clustering, fuzzy logic‐based multi‐hop clustering, and fuzzy weighted k‐means clustering.
A thiourea‐bridged 99mTc(CO)3‐dipicolylamine‐2‐nitroimidazole complex for targeting tumor hypoxia: Utilizing metabolizable thiourea‐bridge to improve pharmacokinetics
Authors: Mittal Sweety , Kumar Chandan , Jha Laxmi , Mallia Madhava B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe 2‐nitroimidazole based 99mTc‐radiopharmaceuticals are widely explored for imaging tumor hypoxia. Radiopharmaceuticals for targeting hypoxia are often lipophilic and therefore, show significant uptake in liver and other vital organs. In this context, lipophilic radiopharmaceuticals with design features enabling faster clearance from liver may be more desirable. A dipicolylamine‐NCS bifunctional chelator that could generate a thiourea‐bridge up on conjugation to primary amine bearing molecule was used to synthesize a 2‐nitroimidazole‐dipicolyl amine ligand for radiolabeling with 99mTc(CO)3 core. Corresponding Re(CO)3‐analogue was prepared to establish the structure of 2‐nitroimidazole‐99mTc(CO)3 complex prepared in trace level. The 2‐nitroimidazole‐99mTc(CO)3 complex showed a hypoxic to normoxic ratio of ~2.5 in CHO cells at 3 h. In vivo, the complex showed accumulation and retention in tumor with high tumor to blood and tumor to muscle ratio. The study demonstrated the utility of metabolizable thiourea‐bridge in 2‐nitroimidazole‐99mTc(CO)3 complex in inducing faster clearance of the radiotracer from liver. The dipicolylamine‐NCS bifunctional chelator reported herein can also be used for radiolabeling other class of target specific molecules with 99mTc(CO)3 core.
Thinning followed by slash burning enhances growth and reduces vulnerability to drought for Pinus nigra
Authors: Vilà‐Vilardell Lena , Valor Teresa , Hood‐Nowotny Rebecca , Schott Katharina , Piqué Míriam , Casals Pere 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIncreasingly frequent severe drought events are pushing Mediterranean forests to unprecedented responses. Lack of management leads to dense forests that are highly susceptible to drought stress, potentially resulting in extensive dieback and increased vulnerability to other disturbances. Forest treatments like thinning and slash burning reduce competition for resources and have the potential to enhance tree growth and vigor and minimize tree vulnerability to drought. Here, we used tree rings to study the growth and physiological response of black pine (Pinus nigra) to drought in northeastern Spain under different treatments, including two thinning intensities (light and heavy, with 10% and 40% basal area reduction, respectively) followed by two understory treatments (clearing alone and in combination with slash burning), resulting in a research design of four treatments plus an untreated control with three replicates. Specifically, we studied basal area increment (BAI), resilience indices, and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) using carbon and oxygen isotope composition (δ13C and δ18O in tree‐ring cellulose) before and after treatments. Our results showed that BAI and resistance to drought increased in the heavy‐thin (burned and unburned) and light‐thin burned units. Resilience increased in the burned units regardless of the thinning intensity, while recovery was not affected by treatment. Slash burning additionally increased BAI in the light‐thin and resistance and resilience in the heavy‐thin units compared with clearing alone. The stable isotope analysis revealed a minor effect of treatments on δ13C and δ18O. No change in iWUE among treatments was presumably linked to a proportional increase in both net CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance, which particularly increased in the heavy‐thin (burned and unburned) and light‐thin burned units, indicating that these trees were the least affected by drought. This study shows that management approaches aimed at reducing wildfire hazard can also increase the vigor of dominant trees under drought stress. By reducing competition both from the overstory and the understory, thinning followed by clearing alone or in combination with slash burning promotes tree growth and vigor and increases its resistance and resilience to drought.
Construction of high‐loading WO3‐x sub‐nanometer clusters via orderly‐anchored top–down strategy boost acidic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wu Di , Du Haoyang , Liu Ziyi , Bagliu G. A. , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExploring a simple, rapid, and scalable synthesis method for the synthesis of high loading nonprecious metal sub‐nanometer clusters (SNCs) electrocatalysts is one of the most promising endeavors today. Herein, an orderly‐anchored top–down strategy is proposed for fabricating a new type of high loading WO3‐x SNCs on O‐functional group‐modified Ketjen black (WO3‐x‐C(O)) to balance the high loading (49.29 wt.%) and sub‐nanometer size. By optimizing the vacancy number, WO2.71‐C(O) has extremely large electrochemically active surface area (402 m2 g−1) and high turnover frequency value of 1.722 s−1 at −50 mV (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). The overpotential of WO2.71‐C(O) reaches 22 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is significantly better than the commercial Pt/C level (32 mV), achieving a breakthrough in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity of nonprecious metals in acidic environment. Theoretical calculations and in situ characterization show that this material allows for the enrichment of reactants (H*) and the optimization of intermediate adsorption, which leads to the enhancement of acidic HER catalytic activity.
RHDV2 outbreak reduces survival and juvenile recruitment, causing European rabbit population collapse
Authors: Letty Jérôme , Besnard Aurélien , Chatelain Nicolas , Choquet Rémi , Holé Gilles , Léonard Yves , Vannesson Régis , Marchandeau Stéphane 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInfectious diseases can cause considerable mortality in vertebrate populations, especially when a new pathogen emerges. Quantifying the impact of diseases on wild populations and dissecting the underlying mechanisms requires longitudinal individual monitoring combining demographic and epidemiologic data. Such longitudinal population studies are rare. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is one of the main causes of the decline in European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations. A new genotype of RHD virus (RHDV), called RHDV2 or GI.2, emerged in 2010, posing a new threat to previously weakened populations, particularly as this virus can infect individuals already immune to classical RHDV strains. Taking advantage of intensive monitoring from 2009 to 2014 by physical captures and microchip detections of a semi‐captive population of rabbits, we finely assessed the demographic impact of an initial RHDV2 outbreak that occurred in the population and identified the most affected demographic parameters. A multi‐event modeling analysis revealed decreased survival in both juveniles and adults in 2011 and 2012, suggesting an RHDV2 outbreak for two consecutive years. The short‐term survival benefit of vaccination against classical RHDV strains only during these years, and the recovery of carcasses with RHDV2 detection, supported this hypothesis. Variations in population vaccination coverage also explain the difference in adult survival between the two years of the outbreak. And the transient protective effect of vaccination could explain the prolonged duration of the outbreak. A brief episode of myxomatosis in 2011 seems to have had only a limited impact on the population. During outbreak years, in individuals not recently vaccinated, monthly juvenile survival crashed (0.55), and annual adult survival was three times lower than in normal years (0.21 vs. 0.69). The combination of successive juvenile and adult survival estimates for unvaccinated rabbits during the outbreak years resulted in a very low recruitment rate in the breeding population. Finally, RHDV2 outbreaks appear to have caused mortalities comparable to those caused by older classical RHDV strains and may have a strong demographic impact on wild populations of European rabbit. This work highlights the importance of long‐term observational and experimental studies to better understand the impact of epidemics on animal populations.
Efficacy and safety of angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibition in heart failure patients with end‐stage kidney disease on maintenance dialysis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nguyen Dung Viet , Le Thanh Ngoc , Truong Binh Quang , Nguyen Hoai Thi Thu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsAngiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) has played an increasingly important role in the management of heart failure (HF). However, the evidence on the benefits of ARNI in HF patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing dialysis is limited. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of ARNI in patients with concomitant HF and ESKD on maintenance dialysis.Methods and resultsWe systematically searched the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for studies reporting outcomes after ARNI treatment in HF patients with ESKD on dialysis. All meta‐analyses were performed using the random effects model. Twenty‐six studies comprising 2494 patients with concomitant HF and ESKD undergoing dialysis were included. Our synthesis showed a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between before and after ARNI treatment (mean change: 8.05%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.57–10.54). Compared to the conventional group, the ARNI group showed a greater improvement in LVEF (mean difference: 4.03%; 95% CI 2.90–5.16). This effect was more pronounced in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (pinteraction < 0.0001). Patients treated with ARNI had a lower risk of all‐cause mortality (risk ratio [RR] 0.64; 95% CI 0.45–0.92; p = 0.01) but had a similar rate of HF hospitalization (RR 0.71; 95% CI 0.43–1.18; p = 0.19). ARNI treatment showed benefits in the improvement of left ventricular end‐systolic diameter, left ventricular mass index, left atrial diameter, and E/e′ ratio (p < 0.05), while it did not significantly increase the risk of severe hyperkalaemia (p = 0.33) or symptomatic hypotension (p = 0.53).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis provided insights into the benefits of ARNI in HF patients with ESKD undergoing dialysis by improving left ventricular function, reversing left ventricular remodelling, and reducing the risk of all‐cause mortality, without increasing the risk of HF hospitalizations, severe hyperkalaemia, and symptomatic hypotension.
Switching Spin‐States: Spin Crossover vs. Coordination‐Induced Spin‐State Switching
Authors: Hörner Gerald , Weber Birgit 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSwitchable molecular materials have continued to attract the interest of chemists and physicists for decades. A prominent example are spin crossover complexes, where numerous textbooks, review articles, and special issues are available. A highly interesting alternative is the coordination‐induced spin‐state switching. In this concept, we will compare the two spin‐state switching mechanisms and discuss common aspects and differences. Additionally, a short overview of coordination‐induced spin state switching will be given.
Ramp Depositional Model in an Intracratonic Basin: The Cambrian Sedimentary Successions in Yanshan Area, North China
Authors: Kang Shilong , Shao Longyi , Banerjee Santanu , Wang Shuai , Frank Tracy 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe mechanisms for the deposition of the Cambrian carbonate sedimentary successions remain controversial. The carbonate‐dominated successions (Stage 3 to Stage 10) are well developed in the North China Craton and they are commonly thought to represent a platform setting because of the flat top. In this study, we propose a new scenarioi, that the Cambrian successions in North China are more likely a carbonate ramp rather than a platform. Detailed sedimentological investigation for the Cambrian rocks in the Yanshan area (Stage 4 to Stage 10) reveals a total of 21 lithofacies which can be grouped into 7 facies associations, including sabkha and mixed tidal flat, shoal, carbonate tidal flat, tidal flat on shoal, protected lagoon, mid‐ramp and outer ramp to shelf basin. Sequence stratigraphy analysis of the Cambrian in the Yanshan area reveals nine third‐order depositional sequences, which shows an overall second‐order transgression. A number of sedimentary characteristics, including the gentle depositional slope, abundant open marine deposits, scattered shoals and microbial mounds, absence of slump or gravity flow sediment, domination of subtidal facies cycles and widespread deposits that formed below the storm wave‐base, indicate that the Cambrian sediments in the Yanshan area were deposited in an intracratonic carbonate ramp depositional system. This intracratonic carbonate ramp includes inner ramp, mid‐ramp, outer ramp and shelf basin facies belts, with the inner ramp exhibiting sub‐facies corresponding to tidal flat, protected lagoon and shoal sub‐facies. Sequence stratigraphy analysis indicates that relative sea‐level changes, corresponding to these nine third‐order sequences, show synchronous with the global sea‐level change across the studied sections. This consistency implies that eustatic sea‐level changes could have been a major factor for the sequence stacking patterns in the Yanshan Area.