bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La question du diagnostic en psychiatrie infanto-juvénile
Authors: de Becker Emmanuel , François Anne , Kinoo Philippe , Malchair Alain 
Published: December 2015

Dans le vaste champ de l’aide et des soins à l’égard de l’enfant et de l’adolescent, les questions liées au diagnostic transcendent souvent les aspects de prises en charge et de liens thérapeutiques ainsi que les multiples échanges entre professionnels concernés. Le diagnostic pédopsychiatrique est un processus dynamique, modifiable et momentané, les organisations pathologiques étant pour la plupart en transformation permanente. De manière spécifique et en fonction du processus développemental, la thématique du diagnostic en pédopsychiatrie renvoie plus à la question du risque évolutif qu’à la question d’un état pathologique en soi. Les aspects de la continuité des troubles mentaux de l’enfance à l’âge adulte représentent en effet un véritable enjeu développemental. Deux points de vue s’opposent dans la littérature. Le premier, en lien avec un prédéterminisme, estime que les trajectoires sont toutes tracées, l’incertitude reposant dans le diagnostic ; concrètement, il s’agit de repérer de manière précoce des individus à risque parce qu’ils sont porteurs d’un trouble qu’il faut traiter. Le second point de vue considère que les trajectoires ne sont pas déterminées mais sont en réécriture permanente ; ici, le risque ne se situe plus au niveau du diagnostic mais du pronostic, dans un souci de prévention et non de prédiction. L’article propose les réflexions de quatre cliniciens psychiatres infanto-juvéniles sur cette thématique, à la lumière de leur pratique et de leurs échanges.
Le pluralisme politique à l’épreuve de la vie privée : entre normes et pratiques
Authors: Muxel Anne 
Published: December 2015

L’espace des relations interpersonnelles et privées, en tant qu’espace de politisation et d’expression des choix politiques, est peu connu. C’est à une meilleure connaissance du « citoyen privé » et de la « politisation intime » que cet article veut contribuer, en étudiant les ressemblances et les divergences idéologiques au sein du cercle des proches. Présentant les résultats d’une enquête quantitative et représentative de la population française inédite, « Famille, amour et politique », réalisée par le CEVIPOF, il examine la filiation, la conjugalité et l’amitié, et montre les interactions et les transactions qui opèrent entre le système des normes et le système des affects des individus. La famille apparaît plus hétérogame politiquement, tandis que le couple et le cercle des amis sont plus homogames. Toutefois, c’est le niveau de politisation des individus qui est, en dernière instance, le plus déterminant. Une affiliation politique affirmée, et tout particulièrement à gauche, ainsi qu’un intérêt marqué pour la politique renforcent toujours l’homogamie politique au sein du cercle des proches, dans les principes comme dans les faits. Plus largement, cet article ouvre une réflexion sur l’espace de la vie privée en tant que terrain d’expérience des conditions de la pluralité démocratique.
Trophic generalism at the population level in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Zalewski Marcin , Dudek-Godeau Dorota , Godeau Jean-François , Kujawa Krzysztof , Sienkiewicz Paweł , Tiunov Alexei V. , Ulrich Werner 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests trophic generalism (feeding on resources from more than one trophic level and/or on different resources of the same trophic level) is a widespread feature among ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). However, it remains unclear whether trophic generalism applies to single individuals, at the intrapopulation or interpopulation level. Here we present stable isotope data (δ15N, δ13C) of seven common European carabid species on an archipelago of 18 lake islands in northeastern Poland. We found strong differences in isotopic ratios between individuals of the same population as well as between different populations, indicating that carabids are opportunistic feeders and that the degree of opportunism differs between habitats and between islands. Trophic niche breadth as assessed by isotopic ratios was influenced by local habitat diversity. We suggest that opportunistic usage of different local resources results in striking differences between local populations and a very broad trophic niche observed at regional level.
Earliest North American occurrence of Phyllotreta striolata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Québec, Canada
Authors: Rousseau Mélanie , LeSage Laurent 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA pair of elytra of the striped flea beetle Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was recovered from a sample of sediment dating before 1668 collected in Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada, making it the earliest recorded introduction of the species in North America. It is proposed that its transatlantic voyage took place on crucifers either voluntarily transported as foodstock and animal fodder or involuntarily as weeds.
The potential for the use of herbarium specimens to determine the host plants of Ceutorhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Gillespie David R. , Gillespie Beth I. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe host plants of native Ceutorhynchus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) species are poorly known in North America, and knowledge of these is essential for biological control programmes involving this genus of weevils. We hypothesised that weevil larva emergence holes on plant specimens in herbarium collections might reveal potential plant-insect associations, and help locate populations of hosts for non-target testing. We examined 1114 plant specimens in 16 genera and 60 species of Brassicaceae and found 70 specimens among 30 species that showed evidence of feeding injury and exit holes typical of Ceutorhynchus. We used this information to locate populations of two species of Ceutorhynchus. Herbarium collections may be useful tools for developing knowledge of host plant associations for species of Ceutorhynchus.
Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Accumulate in Human Placenta and Polarize toward a Th2 Phenotype
Authors: Köstlin Natascha , Hofstädter Kathrin , Ostermeir Anna-Lena , Spring Bärbel , Leiber Anja , Haen Susanne , Abele Harald , Bauer Peter , Pollheimer Jürgen , Hartl Dominik , Poets Christian F. , Gille Christian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTolerance induction toward the semiallogeneic fetus is crucial to enable a successful pregnancy; its failure is associated with abortion or preterm delivery. Skewing T cell differentiation toward a Th2-dominated phenotype seems to be pivotal in maternal immune adaption, yet underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are innate immune cells that mediate T cell suppression and are increased in cord blood of healthy newborns and in peripheral blood of pregnant women. In this study, we demonstrate that granulocytic MDSCs (GR-MDSCs) accumulate in human placenta of healthy pregnancies but are diminished in patients with spontaneous abortions. Placental GR-MDSCs effectively suppressed T cell responses by expression of arginase I and production of reactive oxygen species and were activated at the maternal–fetal interface through interaction with trophoblast cells. Furthermore, GR-MDSCs isolated from placenta polarized CD4+ T cells toward a Th2 cytokine response. These results highlight a potential role of GR-MDSCs in inducing and maintaining maternal–fetal tolerance and suggest them as a promising target for therapeutic manipulation of pregnancy complications.
Dietary Indoles Suppress Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity by Inducing a Switch from Proinflammatory Th17 Cells to Anti-Inflammatory Regulatory T Cells through Regulation of MicroRNA
Authors: Singh Narendra P. , Singh Udai P. , Rouse Michael , Zhang Jiajia , Chatterjee Saurabh , Nagarkatti Prakash S. , Nagarkatti Mitzi 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been shown to have profound influence on T cell differentiation, and use of distinct AhR ligands has shown that whereas some ligands induce regulatory T cells (Tregs), others induce Th17 cells. In the present study, we tested the ability of dietary AhR ligands (indole-3-carbinol [I3C] and 3,3′-diindolylmethane [DIM]) and an endogenous AhR ligand, 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ), on the differentiation and functions of Tregs and Th17 cells. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with indoles (I3C or DIM) attenuated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to methylated BSA and generation of Th17 cells while promoting Tregs. In contrast, FICZ exacerbated the DTH response and promoted Th17 cells. Indoles decreased the induction of IL-17 but promoted IL-10 and Foxp3 expression. Also, indoles caused reciprocal induction of Tregs and Th17 cells only in wild-type (AhR+/+) but not in AhR knockout (AhR−/−) mice. Upon analysis of microRNA (miR) profile in draining lymph nodes of mice with DTH, treatment with I3C and DIM decreased the expression of several miRs (miR-31, miR-219, and miR-490) that targeted Foxp3, whereas it increased the expression of miR-495 and miR-1192 that were specific to IL-17. Interestingly, treatment with FICZ had precisely the opposite effects on these miRs. Transfection studies using mature miR mimics of miR-490 and miR-1192 that target Foxp3 and IL-17, respectively, or scrambled miR (mock) or inhibitors confirmed that these miRs specifically targeted Foxp3 and IL-17 genes. Our studies demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that the ability of AhR ligands to regulate the differentiation of Tregs versus Th17 cells may depend on miR signature profile.
Heat conduciton properties of flowable composite resins
Authors: Yalçin Muhammet , Keleş Ali , Şişman Reyhan , Karagöz Şendoğan 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Objectives: To investigate and compare heat conduction of different flowable composites. Materials and Methods: In this study, four different flowable composites; GC Gradia Direct LoFlo (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), Filtek Ultimate (3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA), Grandio Flow (VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) and SDI Wave (SDI, Victoria, Australia) were used. Flowable composites were placed into standard molds and used according to manufacturer instructions. The samples were prepared for every brand of flowable composites. The Heat Conduction Unit’s (P. A. Hilton Ltd., England) linear heat conduction module was used in determining the flowable composites heat conductivity. The data were statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test (SPSS 13.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Heat conduction values of flowable composites were found different each other. Results for GC Gradia Direct and Grandio Flow were significantly different from 3M ESPE and SDI (P < 0.05). However, result for 3M ESPE was and nonsignificant different from SDI (P < 0.005). Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, flowable composites transmit the heat. However, results for GC Gradia Direct and Grandio Flow were significantly different from 3M ESPE and SDI.
Las unidades de manejo tradicional, base de la conservación comunitaria en Morelos, México
Authors: Colín-Bahena Hortensia , Monroy-Martínez Rafael , Rodríguez-Chávez Juan M. 
Published: December 2015

Las unidades de manejo tradicional (UMT) se analizaron participativamente en el Área Natural Protegida Corredor Biológico Chichinautzin, Morelos, integrando las formas de apropiación en variables etnobotánicas de conservación, para generar un índice de valor de importancia cultural (IVIC) y así elaborar propuestas ciudadanas. Se encontraron dos formas de organización; la tradicional que incentiva la independencia frente a los intereses sociopolíticos externos y la comunal que corresponde a la autoridad legal burocrática que regula los intercambios con el exterior. Las UMT analizadas fueron: agricultura, ganadería, bosque, selva baja caducifolia (SBC) y huertos frutícolas tradicionales (HFT). Acorde con el IVIC, en el bosque destaca el ocote Pinus montezumae con 120 %; en la SBC, el zompantle Erythrina americana con 105 %; y en los HF, el durazno Prunus persica con 67 %. Desde la percepción de los informantes, 75, 63 y 55 % de las especies presentan disponibilidad alta en el bosque, SBC y HFT, respectivamente. El diagnóstico permitió vincular las variables etnobotánicas del estado de conservación y las limitantes de apropiación con propuestas participativas; por ejemplo, el establecimiento de parcelas para validar la milpa, estabular la ganadería y promover programas de capacitación para recuperar la transmisión y retroalimentación del conocimiento local de las UMT.
Quantitative Ultrasound Elastography With an Acoustic Coupler for Achilles Tendon Elasticity
Authors: Yamamoto Yohei , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Sasho Takahisa , Fukawa Taisuke , Akatsu Yorikazu , Nagashima Kengo , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThe purposes of this study were to measure intraobserver and interobserver repeatability of quantitative elastography using an acoustic coupler for the Achilles tendon, to compare elastographic values among different age groups, and to assess the correlation between quantitative and conventional qualitative measurements.MethodsOne hundred asymptomatic Achilles tendons of 50 volunteers were examined. For quantitative elastography, the strain value of the tendon was divided by that of the acoustic coupler with a known Young modulus, and the strain ratio was calculated. B‐mode image assessment and qualitative elastography were also performed. Intraobserver repeatability and interobserver repeatability of strain ratio measurements were calculated. The strain ratios were compared among age groups by the Kruskal‐Wallis test. Additionally, strain ratios for each B‐mode grade and qualitative elastographic grade were compared by the Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsIntraobserver repeatability intraclass correlation coefficient (1, 3) values were 0.87 and 0.93, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the observers' measurements was 0.61. The strain ratio for the 30s age group was 0.27, which was significantly lower than the values for the other age groups (P < .001). Although 97 of 100 tendons were normal on B‐mode evaluations, 36 of the 97 tendons were degenerated on qualitative elastography and also had higher strain ratio values than normal tendons.ConclusionsQuantitative elastography using an acoustic coupler is a reproducible technique for measuring the elasticity of the Achilles tendon. It may detect early tendon degeneration that is not depicted on B‐mode imaging.
Right Atrial Evaluation in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Deng Yan , Guo Sheng-lan , Wu Wei-feng , Wang Qian , Su Hong-yue , Tan Zhen , Wang Fen , He Qun-yan 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the morphologic characteristics and performance of the right atrium (RA) that occur secondary to structural remodeling of the right ventricle (RV) in patients with pulmonary hypertension by real‐time 3‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE).MethodsComprehensive 2‐dimensional echocardiography and real‐time 3DE were performed in 112 patients and 30 healthy control participants. Patients with pulmonary hypertension were divided into 3 subgroups: 1, normal RV dimension (n = 34); 2, RV enlargement and preserved systolic function (n = 36); and 3, RV enlargement and systolic dysfunction (n = 42).ResultsPatients had larger RA volume parameters and lower RA passive emptying fractions than controls (P< .01). The RA active emptying fraction was higher in patient groups 1 (mean ± SD, 45.5% ± 10.7%) and 2 (40.1% ± 4.0%) and lower in group 3 (19.3% ± 4.3%) compared to controls (35.4% ± 3.5%). The RA total emptying fraction was similar between groups 1 and 2 (59.3% ± 9.7% and 52.6% ± 3.4%, respectively) but was significantly lower in group 3 compared to controls (26.8% ± 5.1% versus 55.2% ± 5.1%). Right atrial volume and phasic function were substantially affected by RV structure and function.ConclusionsReal‐time 3DE is a feasible, repeatable, and noninvasive method for accessing cyclic RA volume and function changes, such as those that occur with varying RV status in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Performance of the Risk of Malignancy Index for Discriminating Malignant Tumors in Women With Adnexal Masses
Authors: Campos Camila , Sarian Luis Otávio , Jales Rodrigo Menezes , Hartman Caio , Araújo Karla Galvão , Pitta Denise , Yoshida Adriana , Andrade Liliana , Derchain Sophie 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesWe examined the performance of 4 risk of malignancy index (RMI) variants in a medium‐resource gynecologic cancer center.MethodsA total of 158 women referred for adnexal masses were evaluated before surgery by the 4 RMI variants. Physicians with varied experience in ultrasound assessment of adnexal masses performed ultrasound examinations. We compared the performance of the 4 RMI variants using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses followed by calculation of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios using the pathologic diagnosis of the masses as the reference standard.ResultsAmong the 158 women with adnexal masses included in this study, 51 (32%) had malignant tumors; 26 (51%) of them were stage I. All RMI variants performed similarly (accuracy range, 74%–83%), regardless of menopausal status. Considering all women included, the positive likelihood ratios of the 4 RMI variants ranged from 3.52 to 4.41. In subset analyses, all RMI variants had decreased sensitivity for stage I malignant tumors and for those of nonepithelial histologic types.ConclusionsThe 4 RMI variants performed acceptably in a medium‐resource setting where ultrasound examiners were physicians with varied experience. This finding indicates a good tradeoff between performance and feasibility, since ultrasound RMI protocols are of low complexity.
Large Holocene summer temperature oscillations and impact on the peopling of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Hou Juzhi , Huang Yongsong , Zhao Jiangtao , Liu Zhonghui , Colman Steve , An Zhisheng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSummer temperatures on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) significantly affect stability of glaciers that provide steady water resources to nearly half of the world population. However, lack of reliable, long‐term proxy records greatly impedes understanding of regional temperature sensitivity to climate forcings. Here we present a 16 ka long, alkenone‐based summer temperature record from Lake Qinghai, northeastern TP that demonstrates major regional temperature response to changes in summer insolation and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during the Holocene and late glacial. Importantly, we find a period of sustained summer temperature decline (>4°C) between 5 and 3.5 ka, which coincides with expansion of Barents Sea ice coverage and is likely driven by intensification of the Westerlies. This unusually long and pronounced regional cooling event likely delayed permanent human settlements on the high‐altitude regions (>3000 m) of the TP by at least 500 years.
Ecosystem model intercomparison of under‐ice and total primary production in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Jin Meibing , Popova Ekaterina E. , Zhang Jinlun , Ji Rubao , Pendleton Daniel , Varpe Øystein , Yool Andrew , Lee Younjoo J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPrevious observational studies have found increasing primary production (PP) in response to declining sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean. In this study, under‐ice PP was assessed based on three coupled ice‐ocean‐ecosystem models participating in the Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS) project. All models showed good agreement with under‐ice measurements of surface chlorophyll‐a concentration and vertically integrated PP rates during the main under‐ice production period, from mid‐May to September. Further, modeled 30‐year (1980–2009) mean values and spatial patterns of sea ice concentration compared well with remote sensing data. Under‐ice PP was higher in the Arctic shelf seas than in the Arctic Basin, but ratios of under‐ice PP over total PP were spatially correlated with annual mean sea ice concentration, with higher ratios in higher ice concentration regions. Decreases in sea ice from 1980 to 2009 were correlated significantly with increases in total PP and decreases in the under‐ice PP/total PP ratio for most of the Arctic, but nonsignificantly related to under‐ice PP, especially in marginal ice zones. Total PP within the Arctic Circle increased at an annual rate of between 3.2 and 8.0 Tg C/yr from 1980 to 2009. This increase in total PP was due mainly to a PP increase in open water, including increases in both open water area and PP rate per unit area, and therefore much stronger than the changes in under‐ice PP. All models suggested that, on a pan‐Arctic scale, the fraction of under‐ice PP declined with declining sea ice cover over the last three decades.
Quantifying watershed‐scale groundwater loading and in‐stream fate of nitrate using high‐frequency water quality data
Authors: Miller Matthew P. , Tesoriero Anthony J. , Capel Paul D. , Pellerin Brian A. , Hyer Kenneth E. , Burns Douglas A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe describe a new approach that couples hydrograph separation with high‐frequency nitrate data to quantify time‐variable groundwater and runoff loading of nitrate to streams, and the net in‐stream fate of nitrate at the watershed scale. The approach was applied at three sites spanning gradients in watershed size and land use in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Results indicate that 58–73% of the annual nitrate load to the streams was groundwater‐discharged nitrate. Average annual first‐order nitrate loss rate constants (k) were similar to those reported in both modeling and in‐stream process‐based studies, and were greater at the small streams (0.06 and 0.22 day−1) than at the large river (0.05 day−1), but 11% of the annual loads were retained/lost in the small streams, compared with 23% in the large river. Larger streambed area to water volume ratios in small streams results in greater loss rates, but shorter residence times in small streams result in a smaller fraction of nitrate loads being removed than in larger streams. A seasonal evaluation of k values suggests that nitrate was retained/lost at varying rates during the growing season. Consistent with previous studies, streamflow and nitrate concentrations were inversely related to k. This new approach for interpreting high‐frequency nitrate data and the associated findings furthers our ability to understand, predict, and mitigate nitrate impacts on streams and receiving waters by providing insights into temporal nitrate dynamics that would be difficult to obtain using traditional field‐based studies.