bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifting care from community hospitals to intensive community support: a mixed method study
Authors: Williams Kate S. , Kurtev Stoyan , Phelps Kay , Regen Emma , Conroy Simon , Wilson Andrew 
Published: September 2017

Aim
To examine how the introduction of intensive community support (ICS) affected admissions to community hospital (CH) and to explore the views of patients, carers and health professionals on this transition.

Background
ICS was introduced to provide an alternative to CH provision for patients (mostly very elderly) requiring general rehabilitation.

Method
Routine data from both services were analysed to identify the number of admissions and length of stay between September 2012 and September 2014. In total, 10 patients took part in qualitative interviews. Qualitative interviews and focus groups were undertaken with 19 staff members, including managers and clinicians.

Findings
There were 5653 admissions to CH and 1710 to ICS between September 2012 and September 2014. In the five months before the introduction of ICS, admission rates to CH were on average 217/month; in the final five months of the study, when both services were fully operational, average numbers of patients admitted were: CH 162 (a 25% reduction), ICS 97, total 259 (a 19% increase). Patients and carers rated both ICS and CH favourably compared with acute hospital care. Those who had experienced both services felt each to be appropriate at the time; they appreciated the 24 h availability of staff in CH when they were more dependent, and the convenience of being at home after they had improved. In general, staff welcomed the introduction of ICS and appreciated the advantages of home-based rehabilitation. Managers had a clearer vision of ICS than staff on the ground, some of whom felt underprepared to work in the community. There was a consensus that ICS was managing less complex and dependent patients than had been envisaged.

Conclusion
ICS can provide a feasible adjunct to CH that is acceptable to patients. More work is needed to promote the vision of ICS amongst staff in both community and acute sectors.
Silkworm disease incidence trends during the years 1992–2011 in the Murshidabad district of West Bengal, India
Authors: Hossain Zakir , Chakraborty Satadal , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Saha Atul Kumar , Bindroo Bharat Bhushan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The Murshidabad District of West Bengal, India has practised traditional mulberry sericulture since time immemorial. One of the most important aspects for sustainable development of the sericulture industry is the control and prevention of silkworm diseases. The main objective of this study was to determine silkworm disease incidence over the period 1992–2011 in Murshidabad District and how environmental factors have contributed towards their occurrence. Data were collected from a crop-wise survey of silkworm diseases from 25 farmers (five farmers from five villages), who each had a separate rearing house, were progressive and had a capacity of rearing at least 100 disease free layings (dfls) in each crop. Disease incidence was expressed in percentage and calculated taking into consideration 40,000 larvae per 100 dfls. Crop-wise silkworm disease mortality data were correlated with meteorological data. Data collected from the continuous survey conducted in the district during 1992–2011 revealed that there was no set pattern of occurrence of silkworm diseases. However, maximum mortality (up to 30%) of silkworm due to diseases in all the seasons occurred mainly due to grasserie, as relative humidity remains high for most part of the year in this area. However, other than grasserie, for most of the period, disease incidence was below 10%. This observation of the dominance of grasserie over other diseases in causing silkworm mortality calls for renewed emphasis on the preventive measures and development of disease forecasting models, for disease control. Another observation was that since 1993, pebrine, the deadliest disease of the silkworm, has not been reported from the farmers’ fields.
How Much GOTV Mail is Too Much? Results from a Large-Scale Field Experiment
Authors: Green Donald P. , Zelizer Adam 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study evaluates the turnout effects of direct mail sent in advance of the 2014 New Hampshire Senate election. Registered Republican women were sent up to 10 mailings from a conservative advocacy group that encouraged participation in the upcoming election. We find that mail raises turnout, but no gains are achieved beyond five mailers. This finding is shown to be consistent with other experiments that have sent large quantities of mail. We interpret these results in light of marketing research on repetitive messaging.
Analysis of the pressure requirements for silk spinning reveals a pultrusion dominated process
Authors: Sparkes James , Holland Chris 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSilks are remarkable materials with desirable mechanical properties, yet the fine details of natural production remain elusive and subsequently inaccessible to biomimetic strategies. Improved knowledge of the natural processes could therefore unlock development of a host of bio inspired fibre spinning systems. Here, we use the Chinese silkworm Bombyx mori to review the pressure requirements for natural spinning and discuss the limits of a biological extrusion domain. This provides a target for finite element analysis of the flow of silk proteins, with the aim of bringing the simulated and natural domains into closer alignment. Supported by two parallel routes of experimental validation, our results indicate that natural spinning is achieved, not by extruding the feedstock, but by the pulling of nascent silk fibres. This helps unravel the oft-debated question of whether silk is pushed or pulled from the animal, and provides impetus to the development of pultrusion-based biomimetic spinning devices.
Nanopore extended field-effect transistor for selective single-molecule biosensing
Authors: Ren Ren , Zhang Yanjun , Nadappuram Binoy Paulose , Akpinar Bernice , Klenerman David , Ivanov Aleksandar P. , Edel Joshua B. , Korchev Yuri 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThere has been a significant drive to deliver nanotechnological solutions to biosensing, yet there remains an unmet need in the development of biosensors that are affordable, integrated, fast, capable of multiplexed detection, and offer high selectivity for trace analyte detection in biological fluids. Herein, some of these challenges are addressed by designing a new class of nanoscale sensors dubbed nanopore extended field-effect transistor (nexFET) that combine the advantages of nanopore single-molecule sensing, field-effect transistors, and recognition chemistry. We report on a polypyrrole functionalized nexFET, with controllable gate voltage that can be used to switch on/off, and slow down single-molecule DNA transport through a nanopore. This strategy enables higher molecular throughput, enhanced signal-to-noise, and even heightened selectivity via functionalization with an embedded receptor. This is shown for selective sensing of an anti-insulin antibody in the presence of its IgG isotype.
Endothelial adenosine A2a receptor-mediated glycolysis is essential for pathological retinal angiogenesis
Authors: Liu Zhiping , Yan Siyuan , Wang Jiaojiao , Xu Yiming , Wang Yong , Zhang Shuya , Xu Xizhen , Yang Qiuhua , Zeng Xianqiu , Zhou Yaqi , Gu Xuejiao , Lu Sarah , Fu Zhongjie , Fulton David J. , Weintraub Neal L. , Caldwell Ruth B. , Zhang Wenbo , Wu Chaodong , Liu Xiao-Ling , Chen Jiang-Fan , Ahmad Aftab , Kaddour-Djebbar Ismail , Al-Shabrawey Mohamed , Li Qinkai , Jiang Xuejun , Sun Ye , Sodhi Akrit , Smith Lois , Hong Mei , Huo Yuqing 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAdenosine/adenosine receptor-mediated signaling has been implicated in the development of various ischemic diseases, including ischemic retinopathies. Here, we show that the adenosine A2a receptor (ADORA2A) promotes hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 (HIF-1)-dependent endothelial cell glycolysis, which is crucial for pathological angiogenesis in proliferative retinopathies. Adora2a expression is markedly increased in the retina of mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Endothelial cell-specific, but not macrophage-specific Adora2a deletion decreases key glycolytic enzymes and reduces pathological neovascularization in the OIR mice. In human primary retinal microvascular endothelial cells, hypoxia induces the expression of ADORA2A by activating HIF-2α. ADORA2A knockdown decreases hypoxia-induced glycolytic enzyme expression, glycolytic flux, and endothelial cell proliferation, sprouting and tubule formation. Mechanistically, ADORA2A activation promotes the transcriptional induction of glycolytic enzymes via ERK- and Akt-dependent translational activation of HIF-1α protein. Taken together, these findings advance translation of ADORA2A as a therapeutic target in the treatment of proliferative retinopathies and other diseases dependent on pathological angiogenesis.
Consolidation of the optoelectronic properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite single crystals
Authors: Wenger Bernard , Nayak Pabitra K. , Wen Xiaoming , Kesava Sameer V. , Noel Nakita K. , Snaith Henry J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUltralow trap densities, exceptional optical and electronic properties have been reported for lead halide perovskites single crystals; however, ambiguities in basic properties, such as the band gap, and the electronic defect densities in the bulk and at the surface prevail. Here, we synthesize single crystals of methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3), characterise the optical absorption and photoluminescence and show that the optical properties of single crystals are almost identical to those of polycrystalline thin films. We observe significantly longer lifetimes and show that carrier diffusion plays a substantial role in the photoluminescence decay. Contrary to many reports, we determine that the trap density in CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite single crystals is 1015 cm−3, only one order of magnitude lower than in the thin films. Our enhanced understanding of optical properties and recombination processes elucidates ambiguities in earlier reports, and highlights the discrepancies in the estimation of trap densities from electronic and optical methods.
The brain is required for normal muscle and nerve patterning during early Xenopus development
Authors: Herrera-Rincon Celia , Pai Vaibhav P. , Moran Kristine M. , Lemire Joan M. , Levin Michael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPossible roles of brain-derived signals in the regulation of embryogenesis are unknown. Here we use an amputation assay in Xenopus laevis to show that absence of brain alters subsequent muscle and peripheral nerve patterning during early development. The muscle phenotype can be rescued by an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. The observed defects occur at considerable distances from the head, suggesting that the brain provides long-range cues for other tissue systems during development. The presence of brain also protects embryos from otherwise-teratogenic agents. Overexpression of a hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel rescues the muscle phenotype and the neural mispatterning that occur in brainless embryos, even when expressed far from the muscle or neural cells that mispattern. We identify a previously undescribed developmental role for the brain and reveal a non-local input into the control of early morphogenesis that is mediated by neurotransmitters and ion channel activity.
Predictors of responses to immune checkpoint blockade in advanced melanoma
Authors: Jacquelot N. , Roberti M. P. , Enot D. P. , Rusakiewicz S. , Ternès N. , Jegou S. , Woods D. M. , Sodré A. L. , Hansen M. , Meirow Y. , Sade-Feldman M. , Burra A. , Kwek S. S. , Flament C. , Messaoudene M. , Duong C. P. M. , Chen L. , Kwon B. S. , Anderson A. C. , Kuchroo V. K. , Weide B. , Aubin F. , Borg C. , Dalle S. , Beatrix O. , Ayyoub M. , Balme B. , Tomasic G. , Di Giacomo A. M. , Maio M. , Schadendorf D. , Melero I. , Dréno B. , Khammari A. , Dummer R. , Levesque M. , Koguchi Y. , Fong L. , Lotem M. , Baniyash M. , Schmidt H. , Svane I. M. , Kroemer G. , Marabelle A. , Michiels S. , Cavalcanti A. , Smyth M. J. , Weber J. S. , Eggermont A. M. , Zitvogel L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockers (ICB) have become pivotal therapies in the clinical armamentarium against metastatic melanoma (MMel). Given the frequency of immune related adverse events and increasing use of ICB, predictors of response to CTLA-4 and/or PD-1 blockade represent unmet clinical needs. Using a systems biology-based approach to an assessment of 779 paired blood and tumor markers in 37 stage III MMel patients, we analyzed association between blood immune parameters and the functional immune reactivity of tumor-infiltrating cells after ex vivo exposure to ICB. Based on this assay, we retrospectively observed, in eight cohorts enrolling 190 MMel patients treated with ipilimumab, that PD-L1 expression on peripheral T cells was prognostic on overall and progression-free survival. Moreover, detectable CD137 on circulating CD8+ T cells was associated with the disease-free status of resected stage III MMel patients after adjuvant ipilimumab + nivolumab (but not nivolumab alone). These biomarkers should be validated in prospective trials in MMel.
Human stem cells alter the invasive properties of somatic cells via paracrine activation of mTORC1
Authors: Rosner Margit , Pham Ha Thi Thanh , Moriggl Richard , Hengstschläger Markus 
Published: September 2017

AbstractControlled invasion is essential during many physiological processes, whereas its deregulation is a hallmark of cancer. Here we demonstrate that embryonic, induced pluripotent and amniotic fluid stem cells share the property to induce the invasion of primary somatic cells of various origins through insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)- or II (IGF-II)-mediated paracrine activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). We propose a model in which downstream of mTORC1 this stem cell-induced invasion is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)-regulated matrix metalloproteinases. Manipulating the IGF signalling pathway in the context of teratoma formation experiments demonstrates that human stem cells use this mechanism to induce invasion and thereby attract cells from the microenvironment in vivo. In this study we have identified a so far unknown feature of human stem cells, which might play a role for the development of stem cell-derived tumours.
Tumour-derived PGD2 and NKp30-B7H6 engagement drives an immunosuppressive ILC2-MDSC axis
Authors: Trabanelli Sara , Chevalier Mathieu F. , Martinez-Usatorre Amaia , Gomez-Cadena Alejandra , Salomé Bérengère , Lecciso Mariangela , Salvestrini Valentina , Verdeil Grégory , Racle Julien , Papayannidis Cristina , Morita Hideaki , Pizzitola Irene , Grandclément Camille , Bohner Perrine , Bruni Elena , Girotra Mukul , Pallavi Rani , Falvo Paolo , Leibundgut Elisabeth Oppliger , Baerlocher Gabriela M. , Carlo-Stella Carmelo , Taurino Daniela , Santoro Armando , Spinelli Orietta , Rambaldi Alessandro , Giarin Emanuela , Basso Giuseppe , Tresoldi Cristina , Ciceri Fabio , Gfeller David , Akdis Cezmi A. , Mazzarella Luca , Minucci Saverio , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe , Marcenaro Emanuela , McKenzie Andrew N. J. , Vanhecke Dominique , Coukos George , Mavilio Domenico , Curti Antonio , Derré Laurent , Jandus Camilla 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGroup 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are involved in human diseases, such as allergy, atopic dermatitis and nasal polyposis, but their function in human cancer remains unclear. Here we show that, in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), ILC2s are increased and hyper-activated through the interaction of CRTH2 and NKp30 with elevated tumour-derived PGD2 and B7H6, respectively. ILC2s, in turn, activate monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) via IL-13 secretion. Upon treating APL with all-trans retinoic acid and achieving complete remission, the levels of PGD2, NKp30, ILC2s, IL-13 and M-MDSCs are restored. Similarly, disruption of this tumour immunosuppressive axis by specifically blocking PGD2, IL-13 and NKp30 partially restores ILC2 and M-MDSC levels and results in increased survival. Thus, using APL as a model, we uncover a tolerogenic pathway that may represent a relevant immunosuppressive, therapeutic targetable, mechanism operating in various human tumour types, as supported by our observations in prostate cancer.
RNA localization is a key determinant of neurite-enriched proteome
Authors: Zappulo Alessandra , van den Bruck David , Ciolli Mattioli Camilla , Franke Vedran , Imami Koshi , McShane Erik , Moreno-Estelles Mireia , Calviello Lorenzo , Filipchyk Andrei , Peguero-Sanchez Esteban , Müller Thomas , Woehler Andrew , Birchmeier Carmen , Merino Enrique , Rajewsky Nikolaus , Ohler Uwe , Mazzoni Esteban O. , Selbach Matthias , Akalin Altuna , Chekulaeva Marina 
Published: September 2017

AbstractProtein subcellular localization is fundamental to the establishment of the body axis, cell migration, synaptic plasticity, and a vast range of other biological processes. Protein localization occurs through three mechanisms: protein transport, mRNA localization, and local translation. However, the relative contribution of each process to neuronal polarity remains unknown. Using neurons differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cells, we analyze protein and RNA expression and translation rates in isolated cell bodies and neurites genome-wide. We quantify 7323 proteins and the entire transcriptome, and identify hundreds of neurite-localized proteins and locally translated mRNAs. Our results demonstrate that mRNA localization is the primary mechanism for protein localization in neurites that may account for half of the neurite-localized proteome. Moreover, we identify multiple neurite-targeted non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins with potential regulatory roles. These results provide further insight into the mechanisms underlying the establishment of neuronal polarity.
Tumor induces muscle wasting in mice through releasing extracellular Hsp70 and Hsp90
Authors: Zhang Guohua , Liu Zhelong , Ding Hui , Zhou Yong , Doan Hoang Anh , Sin Ka Wai Thomas , Zhu Zhiren J. , Flores Rene , Wen Yefei , Gong Xing , Liu Qingyun , Li Yi-Ping 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCachexia, characterized by muscle wasting, is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality. However, the key cachexins that mediate cancer-induced muscle wasting remain elusive. Here, we show that tumor-released extracellular Hsp70 and Hsp90 are responsible for tumor’s capacity to induce muscle wasting. We detected high-level constitutive release of Hsp70 and Hsp90 associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) from diverse cachexia-inducing tumor cells, resulting in elevated serum levels in mice. Neutralizing extracellular Hsp70/90 or silencing Hsp70/90 expression in tumor cells abrogates tumor-induced muscle catabolism and wasting in cultured myotubes and in mice. Conversely, administration of recombinant Hsp70 and Hsp90 recapitulates the catabolic effects of tumor. In addition, tumor-released Hsp70/90-expressing EVs are necessary and sufficient for tumor-induced muscle wasting. Further, Hsp70 and Hsp90 induce muscle catabolism by activating TLR4, and are responsible for elevation of circulating cytokines. These findings identify tumor-released circulating Hsp70 and Hsp90 as key cachexins causing muscle wasting in mice.
Metabolic shift in sugars and amino acids regulates sprouting in Saffron corm
Authors: Bagri Jayram , Yadav Anupama , Anwar Khalid , Dkhar Jeremy , Singla-Pareek Sneh Lata , Pareek Ashwani 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSaffron is one of the most expensive spices of the world. Since this spice is triploid and meiosis is unusual, it cannot reproduce sexually like other plants; rather, it is propagated vegetatively via an underground corm, which can withstand a long dry dormant period before sprouting. Thus, corms are indispensable to saffron propagation. To identify and analyse signature metabolites associated with the ‘dormancy-sprouting’ process, non-targeted GC-MS was performed at different stages of corm development. Comparative metabolite profiling reflected dissimilar profiles among the stages as portrayed by differential cluster patterns of metabolites in the PCA and PLS-DA analysis. Correlation analysis revealed the interdependencies of individual metabolites and metabolic pathway. At the onset of stage 2, characterized by the initiation and differentiation of leaf primordia, a shift from dormancy to active metabolism occurred as derived from the increased abundance of sugars and other metabolites involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolytic, amino acid and fatty acid pathways. These changes contribute to sprouting and vegetative growth of the corm. The present study provides new insights into saffron corm composition and metabolite changes associated with various stages of corm development and may pave the way for achieving agronomical improvements in this economically important spice.
Fibromyalgia and microglial TNF-α: Translational research using human blood induced microglia-like cells
Authors: Ohgidani Masahiro , Kato Takahiro A. , Hosoi Masako , Tsuda Makoto , Hayakawa Kohei , Hayaki Chie , Iwaki Rie , Sagata Noriaki , Hashimoto Ryota , Inoue Kazuhide , Sudo Nobuyuki , Kanba Shigenobu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFibromyalgia is a refractory disease characterized by chronic intractable pain and psychological suffering, the cause of which has not yet been elucidated due to its complex pathology. Activation of immune cells in the brain called microglia has attracted attention as a potential underlying pathological mechanism in chronic pain. Until recently, however, technological and ethical considerations have limited the ability to conduct research using human microglia. To overcome this limitation, we have recently developed a technique to create human-induced microglia-like (iMG) cells from human peripheral blood monocytes. In this study, we created the iMG cells from 14 patients with fibromyalgia and 10 healthy individuals, and compared the activation of iMG cells between two groups at the cellular level. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α at mRNA and protein levels significantly increased in ATP-stimulated iMG cells from patients with fibromyalgia compared to cells from healthy individuals. Interestingly, there was a moderate correlation between ATP-induced upregulation of TNF-α expression and clinical parameters of subjective pain and other mental manifestations of fibromyalgia. These findings suggest that microglia in patients with fibromyalgia are hypersensitive to ATP. TNF-α from microglia may be a key factor underlying the complex pathology of fibromyalgia.