bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential diagnostic implications of miR-144 overexpression in human oesophageal cancer
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Saraya Anoop , Sharma Rinu 
Published: October 2016

Background & objectives:
Insidious symptomatology, late clinical presentation and poor prognosis of oesophageal cancer (EC) highlight the pressing need for novel non-invasive biomarkers for early tumour diagnosis and better prognosis. The present study was carried out to evaluate the clinical significance of circulating and tissue miR-144 expression in oesophageal cancer.

Methods:
Clinical significance of miR-144 expression was evaluated in preneoplastic (12) and neoplastic (35) oesophageal cancer tissues as well as matched distant non-malignant tissues using real-time PCR (qPCR). Circulating levels of miR-144 were also analyzed in serum samples of EC patients as well as normal individuals to determine the diagnostic potential of miR-144. Further, targets of miR-144 were predicted using bioinformatic tools and their gene ontology (GO) terms were assigned.

Results:
Real-time PCR analysis revealed significant upregulation of miR-144 in 29 of 35 (83%) EC tissues as compared to matched distant non-malignant tissues (P=0.010). All the dysplastic tissues showed upregulation of miR-144 as compared to their matched distant non-malignant tissues. Relative levels of circulating miR-144 in serum significantly distinguished EC patients from normal controls (P=0.015; AUC = 0.731) with high sensitivity of 94.7 per cent. Bioinformatically predicted target, PUR-aplha (PURA) was found to be significantly (P=0.018) downregulated in 81 per cent (26/32) EC patients and its expression was found to be significantly and negatively correlated with miR-144 expression at mRNA level.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our findings showed significant upregulation of miR-144 in serum samples of EC patients indicating its potential as minimally invasive marker. Further studies need to be done to understand the role of miR-144 in the pathogenesis of EC.
Dual transcripts of BCR-ABL & different polymorphisms in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Nandagopalan S. Rajashree , Kuila Nivedita , Biswas Sutapa , Pattnayak Naresh Chandra , Biswas Gyanashyam , Chakraborty Soumen 
Published: October 2016

Background & objectives:
Chronic myeloid leukaemia is (CML) characterized by the presence of a hallmark chromosomal translocation, the Philadelphia chromosome. Although there are many reports available regarding the different variants of BCR-ABL in CML, we studied the co-expression of e13a2 and e14a2 transcripts and a few polymorphisms in CML patients.

Methods:
Molecular genetics approach was adapted to screen for polymorphisms, mutation and translocation in BCR, ABL kinase domain and BCR-ABL breakpoint region in 73 CML patients.

Results:
All eight patients with dual transcripts were found to harbour an exonic polymorphism (c.2700 T>C) and an intronic polymorphism (g.109366A>G) that were earlier reported to be associated with co-expression of both the transcripts. We also observed c.763G>A mutation in ABL kinase domain and two polymorphisms, c.2387 A>G and c.2736A>G in the BCR gene.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Though our data support the previous findings that co-expression of BCR-ABL transcripts is due to the occurrence of exonic and intronic polymorphisms in the BCR gene, it also shows that the intronic polymorphism can arise without the linked exonic polymorphism. The occurrence of ABL kinase domain mutation is less frequent in Indian population.
Unverifiable Academic Work by Applicants to Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship Programs in the United States
Authors: Stevens Robert B. , Hatzenbuehler John R. , Dexter William W. , Haskins Amy E. , Holt Christina T. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
In 2008, it was shown that 11% of applications to a primary care sports medicine program contained unverifiable citations for publications. In 2009, the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine changed the application requirements, requiring proof that all claimed citations (publications and presentations) be included with the fellowship application.

Objective
We determined the rate of unverifiable academic citations in applications to primary care sports medicine fellowship programs after proof of citations was required.

Methods
We retrospectively examined all applications submitted to 5 primary care sports medicine fellowship programs across the country for 3 academic years (2010–2013), out of 108 to 131 programs per year. For claimed citations that did not include proof of publication or presentation, we attempted to verify them using PubMed and Google Scholar searches, a medical librarian search, and finally directly contacting the publisher or sponsoring conference organization for verification.

Results
Fifteen of 311 applications contained at least 1 unverifiable citation. The total unverifiable rate was 4.8% (15 of 311) for publications and 11% (9 of 85) for presentations. These rates were lower than previously published within the same medical subspecialty.

Conclusions
After requiring proof of publication and presentation citations within applications to primary care sports medicine fellowship programs, unverifiable citations persisted but were less than previously reported.
Residency Applicant Preferences of Online Systems for Scheduling Interviews
Authors: Hern H. Gene , Wills Charlotte P. , Alter Harrison J. , Bowman Steven H. , Burns Boyd D. , Loyd Joshua , Schneider Jeffrey I. , Yarris Lalena M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Residency applicants often have difficulty coordinating interviews with multiple programs. An online scheduling system might improve this process.

Objective
The authors sought to determine applicant mean time to schedule interviews and satisfaction using online scheduling compared with manual scheduling.

Methods
An electronic survey was sent to US graduates applying to any of 6 emergency medicine programs in the 2014–2015 application cycle. Of the participant programs, 3 used an online system and 3 did not. Applicants were asked to report estimated time to schedule with the online system compared to their average time using other methods, and to rate their satisfaction with the scheduling process.

Results
Of 1720 applicants to at least 1 of the 6 programs, 856 completed the survey (49.8%). Respondents reported spending less time scheduling interviews using the online system compared to other systems (median of 5 minutes [IQR 3–10] versus 60 minutes [IQR 15–240], respectively, P &lt; .0001). In addition, applicants preferred using the online system (93.6% versus 1.4%, P &lt; .0001.) Applicants were also more satisfied with the ease of scheduling their interviews using the online system (91.5% versus 11.0%, P &lt; .0001) and felt that the online system aided them in coordinating travel arrangements (74.7% versus 41.5%, P &lt; .01.)

Conclusions
An online interview scheduling system is associated with time savings for applicants as well as higher satisfaction among applicants, both in ease of scheduling and in coordinating travel arrangements. The results likely are generalizable to other medical and surgical specialties.
Promoting Resident Autonomy During Family-Centered Rounds: A Qualitative Study of Resident, Hospitalist, and Subspecialty Physicians
Authors: Beck Jimmy , Kind Terry , Meyer Rebecca , Bhansali Priti 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Family-centered rounds (FCR) have become a leading model for pediatric inpatient rounding. Several studies have examined effective teaching strategies during FCR, but none have focused on promoting resident autonomy.

Objective
The aim of this study was to identify strategies used by attending physicians to promote resident autonomy during FCR.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study of attending physicians and residents between December 2012 and February 2013 at an academic children's hospital, where FCR is the standard model for inpatient rounds. Attending physicians participated in individual interviews, and residents participated in 1 of 2 focus groups separated by level of training. Focus group and interview transcripts were coded and themed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
Ten attending physicians and 14 residents participated in interviews and focus groups. Attending physician behaviors that promoted resident autonomy included setting clear expectations, preforming a prerounds huddle, deliberate positioning, and delegating teaching responsibilities. These were further categorized as occurring during 1 of 4 distinct periods: (1) at the start of the rotation; (2) before daily FCR; (3) during daily FCR; and (4) after daily FCR.

Conclusions
Residents and attending physicians identified similar strategies to promote resident autonomy during FCR. These strategies occurred during several distinct periods that were not limited to rounds. The results suggest strategies for attending physicians to help balance appropriate and safe patient care with developing resident autonomy in the clinical setting.
Oxygen utilization and downward carbon flux in an oxygen-depleted eddy in
the eastern tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Fiedler Björn , Grundle Damian S. , Schütte Florian , Karstensen Johannes , Löscher Carolin R. , Hauss Helena , Wagner Hannes , Loginova Alexandra , Kiko Rainer , Silva Péricles , Tanhua Toste , Körtzinger Arne 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The occurrence of mesoscale eddies that develop suboxic environments at shallow depth (about 40–100 m) has recently been reported for the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA). Their hydrographic structure suggests that the water mass inside the eddy is well isolated from ambient waters supporting the development of severe near-surface oxygen deficits. So far, hydrographic and biogeochemical characterization of these eddies was limited to a few autonomous surveys, with the use of moorings, underwater gliders and profiling floats. In this study we present results from the first dedicated biogeochemical survey of one of these eddies conducted in March 2014 near the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory (CVOO). During the survey the eddy core showed oxygen concentrations as low as 5 µmol kg−1 with a pH of around 7.6 at approximately 100 m depth. Correspondingly, the aragonite saturation level dropped to 1 at the same depth, thereby creating unfavorable conditions for calcifying organisms. To our knowledge, such enhanced acidity within near-surface waters has never been reported before for the open Atlantic Ocean. Vertical distributions of particulate organic matter and dissolved organic matter (POM and DOM), generally showed elevated concentrations in the surface mixed layer (0–70 m), with DOM also accumulating beneath the oxygen minimum. With the use of reference data from the upwelling region where these eddies are formed, the oxygen utilization rate was calculated by determining oxygen consumption through the remineralization of organic matter. Inside the core, we found these rates were almost 1 order of magnitude higher (apparent oxygen utilization rate (aOUR); 0.26 µmol kg−1 day−1) than typical values for the open North Atlantic. Computed downward fluxes for particulate organic carbon (POC), were around 0.19 to 0.23 g C m−2 day−1 at 100 m depth, clearly exceeding fluxes typical for an oligotrophic open-ocean setting. The observations support the view that the oxygen-depleted eddies can be viewed as isolated, westwards propagating upwelling systems of their own, thereby represent re-occurring alien biogeochemical environments in the ETNA.
The Bosna River floods in May 2014
Authors: Vidmar Andrej , Globevnik Lidija , Koprivšek Maja , Sečnik Matej , Zabret Katarina , Đurović Blažo , Anzeljc Darko , Kastelic Janez , Kobold Mira , Sušnik Mojca , Borojevič Darko , Kupusović Tarik , Kupusović Esena , Vihar Anja , Brilly Mitja 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. In May 2014, extreme floods occurred in the lower Sava River basin, causing major damage, with catastrophic consequences. Based on the data gathered, the weather situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina's (BiH) Bosna River basin was analysed and the hydrological conditions were provided, including the results of the probability analysis of the size of the recorded precipitation and flow rates. According to the observed data, extremely high precipitation intensities produced specific discharges of 1.0 m3 s−1 km−2. A hydrological model of the Bosna River basin was developed using HBV light for the purposes of reconstructing and forecasting such events more effectively. All analyses confirmed that the May 2014 event was an extreme extraordinary event whose return period greatly exceeds 100 years. The study is the basis for further flood safety measures and flood forecast development in the Bosna River basin.
More than gold - an interdisciplinary, complementary study of gilding materials and techniques in Baroque altarpieces from Portugal
Authors: Sandu Irina , Murta Elsa , Ferreira Silvia , Pereira Manuel Costa , Candeias António , Mirão João , Miguel Catarina , Paba Francesca 
Published: October 2016

<p>O artigo apresenta um estudo interdisciplinar e multi-tecnico dos materiais e das tecnicas de douramento em varios retabulos Portugueses da epoca Barreca, desenvolvido durante um projecto de investigac;ao financiado pela Fundac;ao para Ciencia e Tecnologia em Portugal (PTDC/EAT-EAT/116700/2010).</p> <p>Foram usadas tecnicas microsc6picas,em conjunto com difracc;ao de raios X, microtomografia computadorizada de raios X, espectroscopias de microFTIR e microRaman para caracterizar a estrutura estratigrafica de 49 amostras provenientes de 7 retabulos das areas de Lisboa/ Cascais e de Santarem. A investigac;ao pretende ser tambem um estudo comparative entre materiais e tecnicas de douramento utilizados em retabulos do mesmo perfodo hist6rico, mas provenientes de duas areas geograficas diferentes.</p> <p> </p>
Auditor Group, Inter-group Interaction, and Financial Statement Comparability: Evidence from Audit Firm Mergers in China
Authors: Cao Qiang 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Existing literature has discussed the effect of audit on financial reporting from the audit organisation and individual auditor perspectives. This paper introduces the concept of the auditor group, which is at the intermediate analysis level, and examines how inter-group interaction influences financial statement comparability. Using 47 mergers of audit firms in China from 1998 to 2012, I first divide pre-merger auditors into different auditor groups on the basis of pre-merger audit firms and then divide post-merger auditors into corresponding auditor groups on the basis of auditors’ names. I find that the financial statement comparability of two clients audited by different groups after a merger is negatively related to the locality of the strong auditor group and to the balance between the strong and weak auditor groups before the merger. Meanwhile, the reputation of the strong auditor group before the merger has a positive effect on the financial statement comparability of two clients audited by different groups after the merger. In contrast with the previous results, the reputation of the weak auditor group before the merger has a negative effect on the financial statement comparability of two clients audited by different groups after the merger. The locality effect of the weak auditor group is not significant. These findings suggest that inter-group interaction within the audit firm is an important factor in determining the quality of financial reporting.
Differences in Scapular Orientation Between Standing and Sitting Postures at Rest and in 120° Scaption: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: McKenna Leanda , Cornwall Xavier , Williams Sian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundScapular orientation may be influenced by static body posture (sitting and standing) and contribute to the development of shoulder pain. Therefore, a consistent body posture should be considered when assessing scapular orientation as well as enhancing optimal scapular positioning.ObjectiveTo determine whether there are differences in scapular orientation between standing, neutral sitting, and habitual sitting, while adjusting for spinal posture.DesignA single group randomized repeated measures study.SettingUniversity laboratory.ParticipantsTwenty‐eight participants with shoulder pain were recruited from the community.MethodsScapular orientation between standing and seated positions was compared, with the arm by the side and at 120° of glenohumeral scaption. Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles were used as covariates.Main Outcome MeasurementsScapular elevation, lateral translation, upward rotation, and posterior tilt.ResultsScapular orientation was marginally but significantly different between sitting postures for lateral translation (mean 0.5 cm; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.2‐0.7 cm); P < .001), upward rotation (mean 3°; 95% CI 1.1‐5.0°; P < .001), and posterior tilt (mean 2.3°; 95% CI 0.2‐4.3°; P = .009) in the arm by side position. A small‐but‐significant difference between standing and neutral sitting was found for upward rotation (mean 1.8°; 95% CI 0‐3.7°; P = .02), and between standing and habitual sitting for lateral translation (mean 0.6 cm; 95% CI 0‐1.1 cm; P =.02) in the arm by side position.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that scapular orientation can be slightly affected by body posture, although the clinical relevance is uncertain. To enhance scapular upward rotation or posterior tilt, it may be preferable to place the patient in neutral sitting.Level of EvidenceNot applicable.
Obesity, Vascular Disease, and Lumbar Disk Degeneration: Associations of Comorbidities in Low Back Pain
Authors: Wilson Zingg Rebecca , Kendall Richard 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLow back pain and obesity are both rising epidemics. This article will examine global trends in obesity, contributory lifestyle and societal factors, and morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease. With this background information, this article will explore the complex physiological process of atherosclerosis and the association between impaired lumbar perfusion and low back pain. It also will provide specific guidance on exercise and nutrition to help treat these potential underlying and contributory mechanisms of spine pathology. Collectively, the article will highlight the necessity of a broader prescriptive to treat the epidemic of low back pain ideally.Level of EvidenceNot applicable.
A Review of Lung Transplantation and Its Implications for the Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Team
Authors: Hatt Katie , Kinback Nicholas C. , Shah Anoop , Cruz Ernesto , Altschuler Eric L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSince the late 1980s, lung transplantation has become an option for some individuals (in 2014, 4000 lung transplantations were performed) with end‐stage lung disease aimed to help these individuals restore function and improve survival and quality of life. Individuals living with end‐stage lung disease already are deconditioned, with poor endurance and limited exercise capacity. There are additional post‐transplantation factors that can contribute to poor endurance and decreased exercise capacity. Although pulmonary rehabilitation in the pretransplantation phase is a crucial component for positive functional outcomes after lung transplantation, the incidence of post‐transplantation complications, coupled with the need for immunosuppression, often warrants close monitoring by medical professionals. The acute inpatient rehabilitation unit offers an ideal setting for such patients to receive therapies to improve functional status while allowing for monitoring and medical management with a comprehensive team approach, including both the rehabilitation and the transplantation teams. In this article, we review the medical issues, physiologic changes, common complications after lung transplantation, and potential side effects of immunosuppressant therapy, as well as address rehabilitation specific concerns, outcomes, and goals of the patient undergoing lung transplantation in the acute inpatient rehabilitation unit.Level of EvidenceV
USING ALMOST-EVERYWHERE THEOREMS FROM ANALYSIS TO STUDY RANDOMNESS
Authors: MIYABE KENSHI , NIES ANDRÉ , ZHANG JING 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe study algorithmic randomness notions via effective versions of almost-everywhere theorems from analysis and ergodic theory. The effectivization is in terms of objects described by a computably enumerable set, such as lower semicomputable functions. The corresponding randomness notions are slightly stronger than Martin–Löf (ML) randomness.We establish several equivalences. Given a ML-random realz, the additional randomness strengths needed for the following are equivalent.(1)all effectively closed classes containingzhave density 1 atz.(2)all nondecreasing functions with uniformly left-c.e. increments are differentiable atz.(3)zis a Lebesgue point of each lower semicomputable integrable function.We also consider convergence of left-c.e. martingales, and convergence in the sense of Birkhoff’s pointwise ergodic theorem. Lastly, we study randomness notions related to density of${\rm{\Pi }}_n^0$and${\rm{\Sigma }}_1^1$classes at a real.
The beginnings of human palaeontology: prehistory, craniometry and the ‘fossil human races’
Authors: GOODRUM MATTHEW R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSince the nineteenth century, hominid palaeontology has offered critical information about prehistoric humans and evidence for human evolution. Human fossils discovered at a time when there was growing agreement that humans existed during the Ice Age became especially significant but also controversial. This paper argues that the techniques used to study human fossils from the 1850s to the 1870s and the way that these specimens were interpreted owed much to the anthropological examination of Stone, Bronze, and Iron Age skeletons retrieved by archaeologists from prehistoric tombs throughout Europe. What emerged was the idea that a succession of distinct human races, which were identified using techniques such as craniometry, had occupied and migrated into Europe beginning in the Ice Age and continuing into the historic period. This marks a phase in the history of human palaeontology that gradually gave way to a science of palaeoanthropology that viewed hominid fossils more from the perspective of evolutionary theory and hominid phylogeny.
Impaired health status and increased incidence of diseases inToxoplasma-seropositive subjects – an explorative cross-sectional study
Authors: FLEGR J. , ESCUDERO D. Q. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYThe global seroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis is estimated to be higher than 30%. The presence of slowly dividing parasites in tissue cysts located mainly in immunoprivileged organs was long considered asymptomatic. Recently, many studies have shown that latentToxoplasmainfections could have serious impacts on human health. Here we ran a cross-sectional study in a population of 1486 volunteers. The results showed that 333 infected subjects scored worse than 1153 controls in 28 of 29 health-related variables. Similarly, they reported higher rates of 77 of a list of 134 disorders reported by at least 10 participants of the study. Toxoplasmosis was associated most strongly with musculoskeletal (τ= 0·107,P< 0·0005), followed by neurological (τ= 0·088,P< 0·0005), immune (τ= 0·085,p< 0·0005), metabolic (τ= 0·079,P< 0·0005), respiratory (τ= 0·068,P= 0·0001), allergic (τ= 0·053,P= 0·004), digestive system (τ= 0·052,P= 0·004) and mental health disorders (τ= 0·050,P= 0·008). Results of the present cohort study, along with the previous data from many case-control studies or ecological studies suggest that latent toxoplasmosis represents a large and so far underrated public health problem.