bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Hospital Readmissions and Mortality in Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis Enrolled in a Large National Health Insurance Administrative Database
Authors: Scaglione Steven J. , Metcalfe Leanne , Kliethermes Stephanie , Vasilyev Ivan , Tsang Rebecca , Caines Allyce , Mumtaz Shaham , Goyal Vik , Khalid Asra , Shoham David , Markossian Talar , Luke Amy , Underwood Howard , Cotler Scott J. 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Patients with decompensated cirrhosis have high rates of morbidity and mortality and frequently require hospital admission. Few studies have examined early readmission as an indicator of 90 day and overall mortality. Analysis of large databases is needed to evaluate the association between early readmission and mortality in decompensated cirrhosis.

Methods:
We analyzed 5 years of private, employer-based, health insurance claims data associated with HealthCare Services Corporation on 13.5 million members over 4 states from 2010 to 2014. We defined early readmission as an admission to a general acute care hospital within 30 days of an index hospitalization and compared mortality to those who were readmitted after 30 days (late readmission). Univariable analysis was used to compare clinical and patient characteristics associated with early readmission. Cox proportional hazard models with time-varying covariates were used to assess if an early readmission was an independent risk factor for death.

Results:
A total of 16,107 patients with decompensated cirrhosis were analyzed. During the study period, 82% of patients with decompensated cirrhosis were hospitalized at least once. Over 50% of hospitalized patients experienced an early readmission. Patients with an early readmission received blood transfusions, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, paracentesis, thoracentesis, and upper endoscopies more frequently than those with a late readmission. Cirrhotics with an early readmission had higher rates of hepatorenal syndrome, sepsis, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic encephalopathy, and ascites. Patients experiencing an early readmission had greater 90 day, 1 year and overall mortality. Early readmission was an independent predictor of worse survival when adjusting for other conditions associated with mortality in patients with cirrhosis, but the impact of an early readmission dissipated after 1 year.

Conclusions:
Patients with decompensated cirrhosis have high rates of hospitalization and frequently experience an early readmission. An early readmission to an acute care hospital is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis for at least 1 year following initial hospitalization.
Joint ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN Guidelines for the Management of Helicobacter pylori in Children and Adolescents (Update 2016)
Authors: Jones Nicola L. , Koletzko Sibylle , Goodman Karen , Bontems Patrick , Cadranel Samy , Casswall Thomas , Czinn Steve , Gold Benjamin D. , Guarner Jeannette , Elitsur Yoram , Homan Matjaž , Kalach Nicolas , Kori Michal , Madrazo Armando , Megraud Francis , Papadopoulou Alexandra , Rowland Marion ,   ESPGHAN, NASPGHAN
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackground:Because of the changing epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and low efficacy of currently recommended therapies, an update of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition/North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition recommendations for the diagnosis and management of H pylori infection in children and adolescents is required.Methods:A systematic review of the literature (time period: 2009–2014) was performed. Representatives of both societies evaluated the quality of evidence using GRADE (Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) to formulate recommendations, which were voted upon and finalized using a Delphi process and face‐to‐face meeting.Results:The consensus group recommended that invasive diagnostic testing for H pylori be performed only when treatment will be offered if tests are positive. To reach the aim of a 90% eradication rate with initial therapy, antibiotics should be tailored according to susceptibility testing. Therapy should be administered for 14 days, emphasizing strict adherence. Clarithromycin‐containing regimens should be restricted to children infected with susceptible strains. When antibiotic susceptibility profiles are not known, high‐dose triple therapy with proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, and metronidazole for 14 days or bismuth‐based quadruple therapy is recommended. Success of therapy should be monitored after 4 to 8 weeks by reliable noninvasive tests.Conclusions:The primary goal of clinical investigation is to identify the cause of upper gastrointestinal symptoms rather than H pylori infection. Therefore, we recommend against a test and treat strategy. Decreasing eradication rates with previously recommended treatments call for changes to first‐line therapies and broader availability of culture or molecular‐based testing to tailor treatment to the individual child.
Medically Graded Honey Supplementation Formula to Preterm Infants as a Prebiotic
Authors: Aly Hany , Said Reem N. , Wali Iman E. , Elwakkad Amany , Soliman Yssra , Awad Alaa R. , Shawky Mahmoud A. , Alam Mohamed S. Abu , Mohamed Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to assess the effect of medically graded enteral honey supplementation on the intestinal microbiota, immune response, and somatic growth of preterm infants.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on preterm infants with gestational age ⩽34 weeks and postnatal age >3 days. After reaching 1/2 goal enteral feeds, medically graded bee honey was added to milk at a dose of 5, 10, 15, and 0 g/day for 2 weeks in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Anthropometric measurements, CD4 and CD8 cytokines, stool cultures, and stool polymerase chain reaction assays for molecular detection of microbiomes were performed at 0, 7, and 14 days of intervention. Analysis of variance test was used to detect differences among the 4 groups.Results:A total of 40 subjects were enrolled; 10 in each arm of the study. Compared with group D, all 3 intervention groups demonstrated significant increase in weight (P < 0.0001). Head circumference increased in groups B and C (P = 0.0056). There were no changes in CD4 or CD8 cytokines (P = 0.24 and P = 0.11, respectively). Enterobacter stool colonization decreased in groups A and B (P = 0.002), whereas Bifidobacterium bifidum colony counts increased in groups A, B, and C (P = 0.002) and lactobacilli colony counts increased in group B (P < 0.0001). Applying real‐time polymerase chain reaction, B bifidum and lactobacilli increased in group C (P < 0.0001).Conclusions:Supplementation of milk formula with medically graded honey was associated with changes in physical growth and colonic microbiota of preterm infants. Further studies are needed to examine the sustainability of these effects and associated long‐term outcomes.
Measurement as a Performance Driver: The Case for a National Measurement System to Improve Patient Safety
Authors: Krause Thomas R. , Bell Kristen J. , Pronovost Peter , Etchegaray Jason M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Safety metrics in healthcare settings stand apart from those in all other industries. Despite improvements in the measurement and prevention of adverse health outcomes following the 1999 Institute of Medicine report, no fully operational national-level program for monitoring patient harm exists. Here, we review the annual rate of fatal adverse events in healthcare settings in the United States on the basis of previous research, assess the current state of measurements of patient harm, propose a national standard to both quantify harm and act as a performance driver for improved safety, and discuss additional considerations such as accountability and implications for tort reform under this standard. On the basis of experiences in other sectors, we propose a federally mandated, nonpunitive national system that relies on accurate measurement as a driver of performance.
Rational design of a novel pollinator interaction
Authors: Byers Kelsey J.R.P. , Bradshaw H.D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDiversification of theca. 250,000 extant flowering plant species has been driven in large part by coevolution with animal pollinators. A recurring pattern of pollinator shifts from hummingbird to hawkmoth pollination has characterized plant speciation in many western North American plant taxa, but in the genusMimulus(monkeyflowers) sectionErythranthethe evolution of hawkmoth pollination from hummingbird-pollinated ancestors has not occurred. We manipulated two flower color loci and tested the attractiveness of the resulting four color phenotypes (red, yellow, pink, white) to naïve hawkmoths. Hawkmoths strongly prefer derived colors (yellow, pink, white) over the ancestral red, and prefer the two-locus change (white) to either of the single-locus changes (yellow, pink). The simple flower color genetics underlying this innate pollinator preference suggests a potential path for speciation into an unfilled hawkmoth-pollinated niche, and the deliberate design of a hawkmoth-pollinated flower demonstrates a new, predictive method for studying pollination syndrome evolution.
Landmark Kernel tICA for Conformational Dynamics
Authors: Harrigan Matthew P. , Pande Vijay S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations of biomolecules produce a very high dimensional time-series dataset. Performing analysis necessarily involves projection onto a lower dimensional space.A prioriselection of projection coordinates requires (perhaps unavailable) prior information or intuition about the system. At best, such a projection can only confirm the intuition. At worst, a poor projection can obscure new features of the system absent from the intuition. Previous statistical methods such a time-structure based independent component analysis (tICA) and Markov state modeling (MSMs) have offered relatively unbiased means of projecting conformations onto coordinates or state labels, respectively. These analyses are underpinned by the propagator formalism and the assumption that slow dynamics are biologically interesting. Although arising from the same mathematics, tICA and MSMs have different strengths and weaknesses. We introduce a unifying method which we term “landmark kernel tICA” (lktICA) which uses a variant of the Nyström kernel approximation to permit approximate non-linear solutions to the tICA problem. We show that lktICA is equivalent to MSMs with “soft” states. We demonstrate the advantages of this united method by finding improved projections of (a) a 1D potential surface (b) a peptide folding trajectory and (c) an ion channel conformational change.
Generation and attenuation of variability in a bacterial signaling network revealed by single-cell FRET
Authors: Keegstra J.M. , Kamino K. , Anquez F. , Lazova M.D. , Emonet T. , Shimizu T.S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe presentin vivosingle-cell FRET measurements in theEscherichia colichemotaxis system that reveal pervasive signaling variability, both across cells in isogenic populations and within individual cells over time. We quantify cell-to-cell variability of adaptation, ligand response, as well as steady-state output level, and analyze the role of network design in shaping this diversity from gene expression noise. In the absence of changes in gene expression, we find that single cells demonstrate strong temporal fluctuations. We provide evidence that such signaling noise can arise from at least two sources: (i) stochastic activities of adaptation enzymes, and (ii) receptor-kinase dynamics in the absence of adaptation. We demonstrate that under certain conditions, (ii) can generate giant fluctuations that drive signaling activity of the entire cell into a stochastic two-state switching regime. Our findings underscore the importance of molecular noise, arising not only in gene expression but also in protein networks.
FtsEX-mediated regulation of inner membrane fusion and cell separation reveals morphogenetic plasticity inCaulobacter crescentus
Authors: Meier Elizabeth L. , Yao Qing , Daitch Allison K. , Jensen Grant J. , Goley Erin D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDuring its life cycle,Caulobacter crescentusundergoes a series of coordinated shape changes, including generation of a polar stalk and reshaping of the cell envelope to produce new daughter cells through the process of cytokinesis. The mechanisms by which these morphogenetic processes are coordinated in time and space remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the conserved division complex FtsEX controls both the early and late stages of cytokinesis inC. crescentus, namely initiation of constriction and final cell separation. ΔftsEcells display a striking phenotype: cells are chained, with skinny connections between cell bodies resulting from defects in inner membrane fusion and cell separation. Surprisingly, the thin connections in ΔftsEcells share morphological and molecular features withC. crescentusstalks. Our data uncover unanticipated morphogenetic plasticity inC. crescentus, with loss of FtsE causing a stalk-like program to take over at failed division sites and yield novel cell morphology.Author SummaryBacterial cell shape is genetically hardwired and is critical for fitness and, in certain cases, pathogenesis. In most bacteria, a semi-rigid structure called the cell wall surrounds the inner membrane, offering protection against cell lysis while simultaneously maintaining cell shape. A highly dynamic macromolecular structure, the cell wall undergoes extensive remodeling as bacterial cells grow and divide. We demonstrate that a broadly conserved cell division complex, FtsEX, relays signals from the cytoplasm to the cell wall to regulate key developmental shape changes in the α-proteobacteriumCaulobacter crescentus. Consistent with studies in diverse bacteria, we observe strong synthetic interactions betweenftsEand cell wall hydrolytic factors, suggesting that regulation of cell wall remodeling is a conserved function of FtsEX. Loss of FtsE causes morphological defects associated with both the early and late stages of division. Intriguingly, without FtsE, cells frequently fail to separate and instead elaborate a thin, tubular structure between cell bodies, a growth mode observed in other α-proteobacteria. Overall, our results highlight the plasticity of bacterial cell shape and demonstrate how altering the activity of one morphogenetic program can produce diverse morphologies resembling those of other bacteria in nature.
Accounting, cultural hybridisation and colonial globalisation: a case of British civilising mission in Fiji
Authors: Davie Shanta Shareel , McLean Tom 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This historical study explores accounting’s association with processes of cultural hybridisation involving themes such as image-(un)making, alliance-formation and norm-setting as part of Britain’s civilising mission during the era of modern globalisation. In doing so, the purpose of this paper is to examine the manner in which accounting may be implicated in micro-practices through which multi-layered socio-political relations of inequality are produced.

Design/methodology/approach
Archival materials enable an accounting understanding of the historical processes of image-(un)making, norm-setting and formation of a hybrid form of rule through elite indigenous alliances.

Findings
The study finds that the British Empire’s colonial project on civilising the indigenous peoples in British Fiji involved: the (un)making of indigenous identities and their moralities; and the elaboration of difference through ambiguous, partial and contradictory application of accounting in attempts to support the globalised civilising course. The globalising challenges indigenous peoples faced included accounting training to change habits in order to gain integration into the global imperial order. The study also finds that the colonised indigenous Fijians had emancipatory capacities in their negotiation of and resistance to accounting.

Research limitations/implications
The paper identifies avenues for further accounting examination of such processes in the context of post-colonialism and current forms of neo-liberal globalisation.

Originality/value
By investigating accounting’s association with processes of cultural hybridisation, this paper makes a significant contribution by providing the detail on the role of accounting records kept by the British Empire to facilitate Britain’s domination and control over the colony of Fiji and its residents.
Fault diagnosis for rolling bearing based on SIFT-KPCA and SVM
Authors: Cheng Yujie , Yuan Hang , Liu Hongmei , Lu Chen 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings, in which the fault feature extraction is realized in a two-dimensional domain using scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm. This method is different from those methods extracting fault feature directly from the traditional one-dimensional domain.

Design/methodology/approach
The vibration signal of rolling bearings is first transformed into a two-dimensional image. Then, the SIFT algorithm is applied to the image to extract the scale invariant feature vector which is highly distinctive and insensitive to noises and working condition variation. As the extracted feature vector is high-dimensional, kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) algorithm is utilized to reduce the dimension of the feature vector, and singular value decomposition technique is used to extract the singular values of the reduced feature vector. Finally, these singular values are introduced into a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to realize fault classification.

Findings
The experiment results show a high fault classification accuracy based on the proposed method.

Originality/value
The proposed approach for rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on SIFT-KPCA and SVM is highly effective in the experiment. The practical value in engineering application of this method can be researched in the future.
Facilities maintenance employees’ priority of safety management practices
Authors: Jaafar Saharani bin , Choong Weng Wai , Mohamed Abdul Hakim bin 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the facilities maintenance employees’ priority on safety management practices and relationship to safety performance. The study aims to increase the safety performance among the facilities maintenance contractor by implementing safety management practices.

Design/methodology/approach
The data were collected by distributing questionnaire forms to the employees of selected facilities maintenance contractors representing general workers, technicians and executive- and the management-level employees. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and multiple regressions.

Findings
The descriptive results revealed that the employee priority on safety management practices is fairly “low”. The correlation and regression analyses tested and satisfied that management commitment, workers involvement in safety, safety training, safety communication and feedback, safety rules and procedures, and safety promotion policies significantly and strongly correlate with the degree and level of satisfaction to the safety performance.

Research limitations/implications
This research focuses only on facilities maintenance contractors working in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. It is possible that respondents from other areas or states may allow comparisons across different locations.

Practical implications
There are many factors affecting safety performance. By implementing safety management practices, high safety performance can be achieved in the facilities maintenance organisations in Malaysia.

Originality/value
This paper presents empirical findings on the relationship between employee priority on safety management practices elements and safety performance.
Effects of transformational leadership on turnover intentions in IT SMEs
Authors: Mittal Swati 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of transformational leadership (TL) on building trust and hence, its influence on the commitment level of the employees to achieve the desired work outcomes. It also examined whether transformational leaders were able to psychologically empower employees so as to increase their commitment level and thus reduce the employee turnover intentions (TIs) in the small- and medium-sized (SME) IT companies operating in Delhi NCR, India.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 420 employees (168 females and 252 males) of SME IT companies operational in Delhi NCR, India. They responded to questions about their leader’s TL and their own psychological empowerment (PE), commitment and trust.FindingsThe findings of the study show that transformational leaders were able to create a higher level of PE and trust amongst their employees. Further, it was also found that this led to an increase in their commitment level and hence, a decrease in their TI. The findings of the study also suggest that trust, commitment and PE act as mediators.Research limitations/implicationsLimited sample size is a possible limitation of the study. One more limitation of the study is the data collection method, i.e. through survey. It was self-reported, taking only the perspective of the employees; it may not be a completely accurate response.Practical implicationsWith TL, leaders can psychologically empower followers to do things in a better way and can develop trust in employees resulting in high commitment; highly committed employees in turn reduce the TIs. If followers do not have faith in their own capability, it may not be possible for them to complete their job effectively.Originality/valueThis study adds to the existing literature; it clarifies the process by which transformational leaders enhance followers’ meaning in life through PE and develop trust resulting in high commitment.
Renegotiating power in adult safeguarding: the role of advocacy
Authors: Lonbay Sarah P. , Brandon Toby 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The increased involvement of adults at risk in the safeguarding process has become a prominent issue within English safeguarding policy. However, there is evidence to suggest that actual levels of involvement are still low. The purpose of this paper is to present findings from a PhD study in relation to the benefits of advocacy in supporting this involvement in adult safeguarding for older people.

Design/methodology/approach
Participants in the study included advocates and social workers who had experience of working with older people through the safeguarding process within two North East England local authorities. A critical realist approach through in-depth interviews was taken with all the participants.

Findings
The research findings in relation to the benefits of advocacy in supporting older people going through safeguarding processes are reported. The practical limitations and factors which help and hinder advocacy support within the process are also considered. The theoretical implications for power, empowerment, and advocacy are also explored.

Research limitations/implications
A key limitation of this research is that it did not include older people who had been through safeguarding amongst the participants.

Practical implications
Key implications for practice and policy are discussed.

Originality/value
The paper provides an overview and critique of empowerment in adult safeguarding and the role that advocates play in promoting this key principle.