bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitation of phosphorus uptake in maize plants by mycorrhizosphere bacteria
Authors: Battini Fabio , Grønlund Mette , Agnolucci Monica , Giovannetti Manuela , Jakobsen Iver 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA major challenge for agriculture is to provide sufficient plant nutrients such as phosphorus (P) to meet the global food demand. The sufficiency of P is a concern because of it’s essential role in plant growth, the finite availability of P-rock for fertilizer production and the poor plant availability of soil P. This study investigated whether biofertilizers and bioenhancers, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their associated bacteria could enhance growth and P uptake in maize. Plants were grown with or without mycorrhizas in compartmented pots with radioactive P tracers and were inoculated with each of 10 selected bacteria isolated from AMF spores. Root colonization by AMF produced large plant growth responses, while seven bacterial strains further facilitated root growth and P uptake by promoting the development of AMF extraradical mycelium. Among the tested strains, Streptomyces sp. W94 produced the largest increases in uptake and translocation of 33P, while Streptomyces sp. W77 highly enhanced hyphal length specific uptake of 33P. The positive relationship between AMF-mediated P absorption and shoot P content was significantly influenced by the bacteria inoculants and such results emphasize the potential importance of managing both AMF and their microbiota for improving P acquisition by crops.
Host age and expression of genes involved in red blood cell invasion in Plasmodium falciparum field isolates
Authors: Valmaseda Aida , Bassat Quique , Aide Pedro , Cisteró Pau , Jiménez Alfons , Casellas Aina , Machevo Sonia , Aguilar Ruth , Sigaúque Betuel , Chauhan Virander S. , Langer Christine , Beeson James , Chitnis Chetan , Alonso Pedro L. , Gaur Deepak , Mayor Alfredo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum proteins involved in erythrocyte invasion are main targets of acquired immunity and important vaccine candidates. We hypothesized that anti-parasite immunity acquired upon exposure would limit invasion-related gene (IRG) expression and affect the clinical impact of the infection. 11 IRG transcript levels were measured in P. falciparum isolates by RT-PCR, and IgG/IgM against invasion ligands by Luminex®, in 50 Mozambican adults, 25 children with severe malaria (SM) and 25 with uncomplicated malaria (UM). IRG expression differences among groups and associations between IRG expression and clinical/immunologic parameters were assessed. IRG expression diversity was higher in parasites infecting children than adults (p = 0.022). eba140 and ptramp expression decreased with age (p = 0.003 and 0.007, respectively) whereas p41 expression increased (p = 0.022). pfrh5 reduction in expression was abrupt early in life. Parasite density decreased with increasing pfrh5 expression (p < 0.001) and, only in children, parasite density increased with p41 expression (p = 0.007), and decreased with eba175 (p = 0.013). Antibody responses and IRG expression were not associated. In conclusion, IRG expression is associated with age and parasite density, but not with specific antibody responses in the acute phase of infection. Our results confirm the importance of multi-antigen vaccines development to avoid parasite immune escape when tested in malaria-exposed individuals.
Nanometric alternating magnetic field generator
Authors: Espejo A. P. , Tejo F. , Vidal-Silva N. , Escrig J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this work we introduce an alternating magnetic field generator in a cylindrical nanostructure. This field appears due to the rotation of a magnetic domain wall located at some position, generating a magnetic region that varies its direction of magnetization alternately, thus inducing an alternating magnetic flux in its vicinity. This phenomenon occurs due to the competition between a spin-polarized current and a magnetic field, which allows to control both the angular velocity and the pinning position of the domain wall. As proof of concept, we study the particular case of a diameter-modulated nanowire with a spin-polarized current along its axis and the demagnetizing field produced by its modulation. This inhomogeneous field allows one to control the angular velocity of the domain wall as a function of its position along the nanowire allowing frequencies in the GHz range to be achieved. This generator could be used in telecommunications for devices in the range of radiofrequencies or, following Faraday’s induction law, could also induce an electromotive force and be used as a movable alternate voltage source in future nanodevices.
Overcoming Microalgae Harvesting Barrier by Activated Algae Granules
Authors: Tiron Olga , Bumbac Costel , Manea Elena , Stefanescu Mihai , Nita Lazar Mihai 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe economic factor of the microalgae harvesting step acts as a barrier to scaling up microalgae-based technology designed for wastewater treatment. In view of that, this study presents an alternative microalgae-bacteria system, which is proposed for eliminating the economic obstacle. Instead of the microalgae-bacteria (activated algae) flocs, the study aimed to develop activated algae granules comprising the microalgae Chlorella sp. as a target species. The presence of the filamentous microalgae (Phormidium sp.) was necessary for the occurrence of the granulation processes. A progressive decrease in frequency of the free Chlorella sp. cells was achieved once with the development of the activated algae granules as a result of the target microalgae being captured in the dense and tangled network of filaments. The mature activated algae granules ranged between 600 and 2,000 µm, and were characterized by a compact structure and significant settling ability (21.6 ± 0.9 m/h). In relation to the main aim of this study, a microalgae recovery efficiency of higher than 99% was achieved only by fast sedimentation of the granules; this performance highlighted the viability of the granular activated algae system for sustaining a microalgae harvesting procedure with neither cost nor energy inputs.
Dramatic band gap reduction incurred by dopant coordination rearrangement in Co-doped nanocrystals of CeO2
Authors: Wu T. S. , Chen Y. W. , Weng S. C. , Lin C. N. , Lai C. H. , Huang Y. J. , Jeng H. T. , Chang S. L. , Soo Y. L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA dramatic band gap narrowing of 1.61 eV has been observed in Co-doped nanocrystals of CeO2 (ceria), as a result of thermal annealing, without changing the ceria crystal structure and the Co concentration. As demonstrated by x-ray absorption fine structures, thermal annealing incurs an oxygen coordination rearrangement around Co atoms from an octahedral coordination to a square-planar coordination. First principle calculation using density functional theory reveals two stable oxygen coordination types surrounding Co, consistent with the experimental observation. The band gap values calculated for the two stable coordination types differ dramatically, reproducing the experimentally observed band gap narrowing. These prominent effects due to local structure rearrangement around dopant atoms can lead to unprecedented methods for band gap engineering in doped nanocrystal oxides.
Recent increase of surface particulate matter concentrations in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea
Authors: Kim Hyun Cheol , Kim Soontae , Kim Byeong-Uk , Jin Chun-Sil , Hong Songyou , Park Rokjin , Son Seok-Woo , Bae Changhan , Bae MinAh , Song Chang-Keun , Stein Ariel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecent changes of surface particulate matter (PM) concentration in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), South Korea, are puzzling. The long-term trend of surface PM concentration in the SMA declined in the 2000s, but since 2012 its concentrations have tended to incline, which is coincident with frequent severe hazes in South Korea. This increase puts the Korean government’s emission reduction efforts in jeopardy. This study reports that interannual variation of surface PM concentration in South Korea is closely linked with the interannual variations of wind speed. A 12-year (2004–2015) regional air quality simulation was conducted over East Asia (27-km) and over South Korea (9-km) to assess the impact of meteorology under constant anthropogenic emissions. Simulated PM concentrations show a strong negative correlation (i.e. R = −0.86) with regional wind speed, implying that reduced regional ventilation is likely associated with more stagnant conditions that cause severe pollutant episodes in South Korea. We conclude that the current PM concentration trend in South Korea is a combination of long-term decline by emission control efforts and short-term fluctuation of regional wind speed interannual variability. When the meteorology-driven variations are removed, PM concentrations in South Korea have declined continuously even after 2012.
Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction in citrus: Potential of genomics-assisted breeding for fruit quality traits
Authors: Minamikawa Mai F. , Nonaka Keisuke , Kaminuma Eli , Kajiya-Kanegae Hiromi , Onogi Akio , Goto Shingo , Yoshioka Terutaka , Imai Atsushi , Hamada Hiroko , Hayashi Takeshi , Matsumoto Satomi , Katayose Yuichi , Toyoda Atsushi , Fujiyama Asao , Nakamura Yasukazu , Shimizu Tokurou , Iwata Hiroyoshi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNovel genomics-based approaches such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) are expected to be useful in fruit tree breeding, which requires much time from the cross to the release of a cultivar because of the long generation time. In this study, a citrus parental population (111 varieties) and a breeding population (676 individuals from 35 full-sib families) were genotyped for 1,841 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotyped for 17 fruit quality traits. GWAS power and prediction accuracy were increased by combining the parental and breeding populations. A multi-kernel model considering both additive and dominance effects improved prediction accuracy for acidity and juiciness, implying that the effects of both types are important for these traits. Genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) with linear ridge kernel regression (RR) was more robust and accurate than GBLUP with non-linear Gaussian kernel regression (GAUSS) in the tails of the phenotypic distribution. The results of this study suggest that both GWAS and GS are effective for genetic improvement of citrus fruit traits. Furthermore, the data collected from breeding populations are beneficial for increasing the detection power of GWAS and the prediction accuracy of GS.
Hyperosmolarity-induced AQP5 upregulation promotes inflammation and cell death via JNK1/2 Activation in human corneal epithelial cells
Authors: Ren Yueping , Lu Huihui , Reinach Peter S. , Zheng Qinxiang , Li Jinyang , Tan Qiufan , Zhu Hanlei , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTear film hyperosmolarity and anterior ocular inflammation are two clinical signs that may be indicative of dry eye disease (DED). This condition can cause pathological and functional changes to the anterior ocular surface tissues. A contributing factor may be dysfunctional aquaporin 5 (AQP5) water channels as they are the AQP subtype that expressed in the corneal epithelium and contribute to fluid efflux needed for corneal function. We determined if described hyperosmolarity-induced increases in proinflammatory cytokine expression and cell death are mediated through AQP5 upregulation and JNK1/2 MAPK signaling activation in both primary human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), and in a HCEC line. Real time RT-PCR identified rises in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, caspase-1, and AQP5 mRNA levels upon step increases in osmolarity up to 550 mOsm. Western blot analysis and the TUNEL assay identified corresponding rises in AQP5 and p-JNK1/2 protein expression and cell death respectively. JNK1/2 inhibition with SP600125, or siRNA AQP5 gene silencing reduced hypertonic-induced rises in proinflammatory cytokine expression and cell death. Taken together, hypertonicity-induced AQP5 upregulation leads to increases in proinflammatory cytokine expression and cell death through JNK1/2 MAPK activation. These results suggest that drug targeting AQP5 upregulation may be a therapeutic option in DED management.
Exploring the traces of translation
Authors: Xu Mingwu , Tian Chuanmao 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Translation traces embrace a wide range of inheritance forms in cultural production practices. Pseudo-originals disclose a kind of literary creation pattern which is a partial or full cross-lingual plagiarism of a text by a predecessor or a contemporary from another language-culture. Well-known quotations in a foreign language are frequently employed by speakers or writers via impromptu translating or memory-based appropriation from an available translation. These translated quotations may well be imitated by text producers to derive a large number of variations in the target culture. Plagiarisms or borrowings are also seen in retranslations of great world classics. As two largely uncharted territories, indirect translation and back translation make translation traces too weak to be located. The inheritance of translation beliefs indicates various genealogies, such as husband-wife genealogy, father-daughter genealogy and so on. Research on the origins of translative memes, their morphology and typology of transmission as well as their mutative reasons may create a new area for Translation Studies.
Manipulation as an ideological tool in the political genre of Parliamentary discourses
Authors: Cabrejas-Peñuelas Ana Belén 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe present study analyzes the discursive strategies of manipulation in the political genre of a discourse in Parliament with an aim to convince the audience that the Prime Minister and his party are innocent of receiving illegal cash donations from a slush fund run in the party. For that purpose, we have usedVan Dijk’s (2006)scheme of strategies of manipulation at several levels of discourse (content, lexis, topics, syntax, rhetoric, and order of discourse). Findings of the study show that the Prime Minister’s speech presents characteristics of ideological discourse, since it follows a general strategy of positive in-group and negative out-group presentation, which has an overall legitimating function. At other levels of discourse, the denial of controversial actions is made manipulative by following strategies of emphasis of our positive and their negative actions with the final aim of self-legitimating himself and his discourse. The discourse is further made manipulative by using appropriate contextual constraints and defensible semantics of representation.
Targeting EZH2 in cancer therapy
Authors: Yamagishi Makoto , Uchimaru Kaoru 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
The present review introduces recent outstanding progress pertaining to Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), especially regarding its mode of action as a master regulator of chromatin, and provides molecular-based evidence for targeting EZH2 in cancer therapy. We discuss the active development of small molecules targeting the enzymatic activity of EZH2/polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2).

Recent findings
Genetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional dysregulation of EZH2 is frequently observed in many cancer types. EZH2 promotes tumorigenesis by altering the expression of numerous tumor suppressor genes. Furthermore, the executive molecular processes initiated by EZH2, such as NF-κB activation, microRNA silencing, tumor immune evasion, and noncanonical transcription regulation, appear to be the fundamental characteristics of each cancer. Systematic investigations have suggested coordinated regulation of the cancer epigenome wherein antagonistic complexes of both polycomb and SWI/SNF are involved. Frequent loss-of-function mutations in epigenetic factors, such as ARID1A, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, BAP1, and KDM6A, are likely to elicit the EZH2/PRC2-addicted situation. Our comprehensive understanding encourages the development of advanced strategies for the appropriate manipulation of the cancer epigenome. Moreover, a couple of small molecules that can effectively inhibit the enzymatic activity of EZH2/PRC2 have been translated into early-phase clinical trials.

Summary
The EZH2-mediated epigenome and subsequent transcriptome define cellular identity. Effective and specific strategies for the manipulation of EZH2/PRC2 may lead to the development of more precise cancer medicines.
An Overview of Stroke Infrastructure, Network, and Nursing Services in Contemporary Greece
Authors: Theofanidis Dimitrios , Fountouki Antigoni 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
This article describes the provision of stroke services in Greece and addresses the possible effects of the hospital rotation system. Unique to Greece is a centrally administered rotation system for hospital 24-hour on-call systems in the major cities. This means that a hospital may admit new patients only during specific 24-hour periods every 3 to 5 days. All Greek city hospitals must conform to this rotation basis for emergency and scheduled admissions. Patients with stroke arrive to designated rotation on-call hospital via ambulance or taxi or by private means and are first seen in the accident and emergency department where they are given priority attention accordingly and allocated to a neurology ward, medical ward, or stroke bay if the hospital has one. Occasionally, a neurosurgical consultation is sought; the patient may be admitted directly to a neurosurgery ward. Some attempts have been made to reach a degree of specialization in stroke bays, but with only a few of these, situated only in major cities, the vast majority of patients are still admitted to neurology or medical wards. Nurses and physicians in Greece continue to strive to improve outcomes for their patients with stroke despite adverse circumstances.
Preoperative Site Marking: Are We Adhering to Good Surgical Practice?
Authors: Bathla Sonia , Chadwick Michael , Nevins Edward J. , Seward Joanna 
Published: June 2017

Objectives
Wrong-site surgery is a never event and a serious, preventable patient safety incident. Within the United Kingdom, national guidance has been issued to minimize the risk of such events. The mandate includes preoperative marking of all surgical patients. This study aimed to quantify regional variation in practice within general surgery and opinions of the surgeons, to help guide the formulation and implementation of a regional general surgery preoperative marking protocol.

Methods
A SurveyMonkey questionnaire was designed and distributed to 120 surgeons within the Mersey region, United Kingdom. This included all surgical trainees in Mersey (47 registrars, 56 core trainees), 15 consultants, and 2 surgical care practitioners. This sought to ascertain their routine practice and how they would choose to mark for 12 index procedures in general surgery, if mandated to do so.

Results
A total of 72 responses (60%) were obtained to the SurveyMonkey questionnaire. Only 26 (36.1%) said that they routinely marked all of their patients preoperatively. The operating surgeon marked the patient in 69% of responses, with the remainder delegating this task. Markings were visible after draping in only 55.6% of marked cases.

Conclusions
Based on our findings, surgeons may not be adhering to “Good Surgical Practice”; practice is widely variable and surgeons are largely opposed and resistant to marking patients unless laterality is involved. We suggest that all surgeons need to be actively engaged in the design of local marking protocols to gain support, change practice, and reduce errors.
Increased prefrontal activity with aging reflects nonspecific neural responses rather than compensation
Authors: Morcom Alexa M. , Henson Richard N. A. ,   for Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience
Published: June 2017

AbstractElevated prefrontal cortex activity is often observed in healthy older adults despite declines in their memory and other cognitive functions. According to one view, this activity reflects a compensatory functional posterior-to-anterior shift, which contributes to maintenance of cognitive performance when posterior cortical function is impaired. Alternatively, the increased prefrontal activity may be less efficient or less specific, owing to structural and neurochemical changes accompanying aging. These accounts are difficult to distinguish on the basis of average activity levels within brain regions. Instead, we used a novel model-based multivariate analysis technique, applied to two independent functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets from an adult-lifespan human sample (N=123 and N=115; approximately half female). Standard analysis replicated the age-related increase in average prefrontal activation, but multivariate tests revealed that this activity did not carry additional information. The results contradict the hypothesis of a compensatory posterior-to-anterior shift. Instead, they suggest that the increased prefrontal activation reflects reduced efficiency or specificity, rather than compensation.Significance statementFunctional brain imaging studies have often shown increased activity in prefrontal brain regions in older adults. This has been proposed to reflect a compensatory shift to greater reliance on prefrontal cortex, helping to maintain cognitive function. Alternatively, activity may become less specific as people age. This is a key question in the neuroscience of aging. In this study, we used novel tests of how different brain regions contribute to long- and short-term memory. We found increased activity in prefrontal cortex in older adults, but this activity carried less information about memory outcomes than activity in visual regions. These findings are relevant for understanding why cognitive abilities decline with age, suggesting that optimal function depends on successful brain maintenance rather than compensation.
Exploring strategic agency in sustainability-oriented entrepreneur legitimation
Authors: Reynolds Orlagh , Sheehan Maura , Hilliard Rachel 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to look at the role played by three archetypal constructs pertaining to the individual sustainability-oriented entrepreneur, namely prior knowledge, sustainability orientation and sustainability intention, in legitimation behavior and explores their strategic utility.Design/methodology/approachThe author studies legitimacy-seeking behavior in the case of ten sustainability-oriented entrepreneurs. A qualitative case study approach is used, capturing evidence of legitimation behavior in the startup phase through interviews, participant observation and documentation analysis.FindingsPrior knowledge and sustainability orientation appear to offer little value beyond their role as necessary factors in maintaining legitimacy. Both appear to have limited strategic value for legitimation in comparison to sustainability intention. Intention as a construct embodies the “paradox” of sustainability-oriented entrepreneurship, and learning to successfully overcome this paradox to strategically utilize intention in legitimation is crucial for these entrepreneurs.Practical implicationsKnowledge of these factors could assist sustainability-oriented entrepreneurs in strategically utilizing these factors as agency when dealing with diverse stakeholder expectations to achieve their enterprising goals. Strengthening knowledge on factors important for legitimacy is pertinent in supporting this shared value approach to entrepreneurship.Originality/valueLittle theoretical or empirical attention has been paid to the complexity of strategic legitimation behavior of sustainability-oriented entrepreneurs. This paper provides novel empirical insight into what role these archetypal factors play in legitimation behavior and how they can be strategically utilized.