bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal course of avascular femoral head necrosis in patients with pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Balighi Kamran , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Aghazadeh Nessa , Saeidi Vahide , Shahpouri Farzam , Hejazi Pardis , Chams‐Davatchi Cheyda 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackground and objectivesPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is typically treated with systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a well‐recognized major complication of corticosteroid therapy. The characteristics of this serious complication in PV remain unknown.Patients and methodsUncontrolled, retrospective study of all PV‐related AVN cases diagnosed at an Iranian autoimmune bullous disease clinic between 1985 and 2013.ResultsOf the 2,321 medical records of PV patients reviewed, 45 (1.93 %) cases showed femoral AVN, with 30 (66.7 %) individuals being male. The mean age at diagnosis of AVN was 47.4 ± 14.2 years. The mean interval between the diagnosis of PV and the onset of AVN was 25.3 ± 18.3 months. With the exception of eight cases (17.8 %), the majority of patients developed AVN within three years after the diagnosis of PV. The mean cumulative dose of prednisolone in patients with AVN was 13,115.8 ± 7041.1 mg. There was a strong correlation between the total prednisolone dose and the time of onset of AVN (p = 0.001). In patients with a history of alendronate intake, that interval was significantly shorter (p = 0.01).ConclusionsOccurring in about 2 % of patients, AVN is a serious complication of corticosteroid treatment in patients with PV, predominantly in the first three years of treatment. In individuals receiving higher doses of prednisolone, AVN tends to occur earlier.
Zeitlicher Verlauf der avaskulären Nekrose des Hüftkopfes bei Patienten mit Pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Balighi Kamran , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Aghazadeh Nessa , Saeidi Vahide , Shahpouri Farzam , Hejazi Pardis , Chams‐Davatchi Cheyda 
Published: October 2016

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielePemphigus vulgaris (PV) wird in der Regel mit systemischen Corticosteroiden und Immunsuppressiva behandelt. Avaskuläre Nekrose (AVN) des Hüftkopfes ist eine gut bekannte schwerere Komplikation einer Corticosteroid‐Therapie. Die Charakteristika dieser schweren Komplikation bei PV sind nach wie vor unbekannt.Patienten und MethodenNicht kontrollierte, retrospektive Untersuchung aller PV‐bedingten AVN‐Fälle, die in einer iranischen Klinik für bullöse Autoimmunerkrankungen zwischen 1985 und 2013 diagnostiziert wurden.ErgebnisseAnhand der Krankenakten von 2321 untersuchten PV‐Patienten wurden 45 Fälle (1,93 %) von femoraler AVN identifiziert. Dreißig davon waren Männer. Das mittlere Alter bei der Diagnose der AVN betrug 47,4 ± 14,2 Jahre. Der mittlere Zeitraum zwischen der Diagnose des PV und dem Einsetzen der AVN lag bei 25,3 ± 18,3 Monaten. Mit Ausnahme von acht Fällen (17,8 %) setzte die AVN bei der Mehrheit der Patienten innerhalb von drei Jahren nach Diagnose des PV ein. Die mittlere kumulative Dosis von Prednisolon bei Patienten mit AVN betrug 13.115,8 ± 7041,1 mg. Zwischen der Prednisolon‐Gesamtdosis und dem Zeitraum bis zum Einsetzen der AVN bestand eine starke Korrelation (p = 0,001). Bei Patienten mit Alendronateinnahme in der Vorgeschichte war dieser Zeitraum signifikant kürzer (p = 0,01).SchlussfolgerungenDie AVN ist eine schwere Komplikation einer Corticosteroid‐Behandlung bei Patienten mit PV. Sie wird bei 2 % der Patienten beobachtet und tritt vor allem in den ersten drei Behandlungsjahren auf. Bei Patienten, die höhere Dosen von Prednisolon erhalten, setzt die AVN tendenziell früher ein.
Inzidenz von bullösen Autoimmunerkrankungen in Serbien: eine retrospektive Studie über 20 Jahre
Authors: Milinković Mirjana , Janković Slavenka , Medenica Ljiljana , Nikolić Miloš , Reljić Vesna , Popadić Svetlana , Janković Janko 
Published: October 2016

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleDie meisten früheren Arbeiten zu den klinisch‐epidemiologischen Merkmalen von bullösen Autoimmunerkrankungen (AIBD) konzentrierten sich vor allem auf eine einzige Krankheitsentität oder nur eine Krankheitsgruppe; nur in wenigen Studien wurde die Inzidenz verschiedener AIBD untersucht. Bei der vorliegenden Studie war es unser Ziel, das gesamte Spektrum der AIBD zu betrachten, die Inzidenz der häufigsten AIBD zu ermitteln und die zeitlichen Trends ihres Auftretens in Zentralserbien über einen Zeitraum von 20 Jahren zu untersuchen.MethodenWir rekrutierten retrospektiv 1161 AIBD‐Fälle, die in Zentralserbien von Januar 1991 bis Dezember 2010 neu diagnostiziert wurden. Die Diagnose stützte sich auf eine strikte klinische, histologische und immunhistologische Beurteilung.ErgebnisseFolgende Inzidenzraten wurden für die einzelnen Erkrankungen ermittelt: 4,35 pro eine Million Einwohner/Jahr (pME/Jahr) für Pemphigus, 4,47 pME/Jahr für Pemphigoid, 1,42 pME/Jahr für Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), 0,25 pME/Jahr IgA‐Dermatose und 0,08 pME/Jahr für Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Im betrachteten Zeitraum stieg die altersbereinigte Inzidenzrate für Pemphigus und insbesondere für Pemphigoid signifikant an, während sie für DH, allerdings nicht signifikant, abnahm.SchlussfolgerungenUnsere Studie befasst sich zum ersten Mal mit den Inzidenzraten des gesamten Spektrums der AIBD in Serbien und untersucht die zeitlichen Trends ihres Auftretens über einen Zeitraum von 20 Jahren. Nach unserem besten Wissen wurde ein ähnlicher Befund wie der unsere, dass nämlich die Inzidenzraten von Pemphigus und Pemphigoid vergleichbar sind, bisher noch nicht publiziert.
Wells‐Syndrom
Authors: Weins Andreas Benedikt , Biedermann Tilo , Weiss Tina , Weiss Johannes Martin 
Published: October 2016

ZusammenfassungDas Wells‐Syndrom, auch als eosinophile Zellulitis bezeichnet, ist eine seltene, sporadisch auftretende eosinophile Dermatose mit polymorphem klinischem Bild. Als typisch gelten entzündliche Erytheme oder Plaques an den Extremitäten, die initial als Erysipel imponieren können, unter antimikrobieller Behandlung aber persistieren. Die eosinophile Zellulitis ist eine Ausschlussdiagnose, die in Zusammenschau von klinischem Befund und charakteristischem histologischem Bild (Flammenfiguren) nur im Verlauf gestellt werden kann. Mit einer Vielzahl möglicher Triggerfaktoren ist die Ätiologie nicht geklärt. Die Beteiligung abnormer Th2‐Zellen, des Zytokins IL‐5 und aktivierter eosinophiler Granulozyten lässt eine unspezifische Hypersensitivitätsreaktion auf exo‐ und endogene Stimuli vermuten. Die häufiger vorkommenden chronisch‐ rezidivierenden Formen lassen sich durch Glukokortikoide günstig beeinflussen. Der Verlauf ist meist selbstlimitierend, ohne Residuen. Aufgrund von Übergängen in hämatoonkologische Erkrankungen sind Verlaufskontrollen angezeigt.
Quality of life after paediatric ischaemic stroke
Authors: Kornfeld Salome , Studer Martina , Winkelbeiner Stephanie , Regényi Mária , Boltshauser Eugen , Steinlin Maja ,   the Swiss Neuropediatric Stroke group
Published: October 2016

AimPaediatric arterial ischaemic stroke can lead to reduced quality of life (QoL). It is important to identify predictors of QoL to support recovery. We examined long‐term QoL after arterial ischaemic stroke concerning different variables.MethodChildren registered in the Swiss Neuropediatric Stroke Registry and suffering from arterial ischaemic stroke between 2000 and 2008 were included. Two years post‐stroke, assessments included intelligence quotient tests for cognitive impairment and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) for neurological impairment; 5 years post‐stroke, the Kidscreen‐27 was used for QoL, DSM‐IV criteria screening was used for attention deficits, and the ABILHAND‐Kids was used for manual motor skills. Age at stroke, sex, socioeconomic status, lesion characteristics, neuropsychological and motor outcome, and mRS were correlated with QoL measures.ResultsSeventy children were examined (49 males, 21 females; mean age 7y 2wks). Age at stroke, sex, socioeconomic status, and lesion characteristics did not influence QoL; IQ below average and attention deficits partially influenced QoL. The highest predictive value for QoL was found for manual motor impairment (p=0.002) and mRS scores (p=0.013). Combined motor, cognitive, and attention impairment negatively affected QoL (p=0.001).InterpretationNeurological and cognitive impairments after paediatric arterial ischaemic stroke negatively influence QoL. Children with motor and neurological problems, as well as those with combined motor, cognitive, and attention problems, are at higher risk for low QoL.
The Turnover‐Reducing Effects of the Minimum Wage may Harm the Economy
Authors: Geloso Vincent 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article surveys the literature on the effects of the minimum wage and argues that the observed reduction in turnover rates is not necessarily desirable. If a curvilinear relationship exists between firm productivity and turnover, the effects of the minimum wage on reducing turnover may create a distance between the actual turnover rate and the optimal rate. Consequently, even if we accept the proposition that minimum wages have little impact on employment, they may reduce productivity or job growth in sectors not directly affected by the minimum wage.
Pollution Havens and Their Relationship to the Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Case of the us Tyre Industry
Authors: McCollough John , He Miao , Bayramoglu Arzu Tay 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis suggests that, as a country's national income grows, environmental degradation subsides as the population demands a cleaner environment. On the other hand, critics of the Environmental Kuznets Curve claim that many polluting industries simply relocate offshore, where environmental compliance is less costly. They then export their products back to their previous home countries. This is known as the Pollution Haven hypothesis. This article demonstrates how pollution havens can falsely give the appearance of an Environmental Kuznets Curve by analysing lead emissions from the US automotive tyre manufacturing industry.
Predictors of left ventricular systolic function recovery in the setting of sinus tachycardia in patients with cancer
Authors: Hassan Saamir A. , Yusuf Syed Wamique , Sharma Jyoti , Khan Jasmine , Guindani Michele , Valero Vicente , Chavez‐McGregor Mariana , Banchs Jose 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo identify unique echocardiographic features that could be used to reliably predict LVEF recovery upon resolution of sinus tachycardia in patients with cancer.BackgroundSinus tachycardia may be a manifestation of underlying cardiomyopathy or can lead to a reversible form of dilated cardiomyopathy known as tachycardia‐mediated cardiomyopathy. While distinguishing the two can be challenging, predicting recovery regardless of cause can be of significant clinical importance in the cancer population.MethodsResults of echocardiograms performed were collected. Patients with a repeat echocardiogram within 6 months of the initial echocardiogram were included. Patients with structural heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, sepsis, and pericardial disease were excluded. A comparison between baseline echocardiogram and subsequent echocardiogram was made to determine whether specific echocardiographic parameters predicted LVEF recovery. Two groups of patients were defined at the outset of the study. The recovered group was comprised of patients with reduced LVEF in the setting of sinus tachycardia and normal LVEF with resolution of tachycardia to normal sinus rhythm (NSR). The unrecovered group was comprised of subjects with low LVEF in the setting of both sinus tachycardia and NSR.ResultsA total of 40 patients were included in the study. LVEF in the recovered group (n=18) was 42.8% with sinus tachycardia and increased to 58.3% with NSR. Average LVEF in the unrecovered group (n=22) was 35.1% with tachycardia and improved to 38.5% with NSR. Medial TDI (E′) was significantly greater in the recovered group with both tachycardia (7.95 cm/s versus 4.56 cm/s, P<.001) and NSR (8.11 cm/s versus 5.13 cm/s, P<.001). Similarly, lateral TDI (E′) was significantly greater in the recovered group than in the unrecovered group during tachycardia (8.97 cm/s versus 5.13 cm/s, P<.001) and NSR (9.05 cm/s versus 5.13 cm/s, P<.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that medial TDI >6.5 cm/s (OR=30.9, P=.001) and lateral TDI >7.8 cm/s (OR=52.5, P=.002) are positively associated with the probability of LVEF recovery.ConclusionsIn conclusion, TDI (medial E′>6.5 cm/s; lateral E′>7.8 cm/s) appears to predict LVEF recovery in patients with sinus tachycardia upon resolution of the tachycardia in patients with cancer.
Individual, Group, and Environmental Influences on Helping Behavior in a Social Carnivore
Authors: Ausband David E. , Mitchell Michael S. , Bassing Sarah B. , Morehouse Andrea , Smith Douglas W. , Stahler Daniel , Struthers Jennifer 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVariation in group composition and environment can affect helping behavior in cooperative breeders. Understanding of how group size, traits of individuals within groups, food abundance, and predation risk simultaneously influence helping behavior is limited. We evaluated pup‐guarding behavior in gray wolves (Canis lupus) to assess how differences in individuals, groups, and environment affect helping behavior. We used data from 92GPS‐collared wolves in North America (2001–2012) to estimate individual pup‐guarding rates. Individuals in groups with low helper‐to‐pup ratios spent more time guarding young than those in groups with more helpers, an indication of load‐lightening. Female helpers guarded more than male helpers, but this relationship weakened as pups grew. Subset analyses including data on helper age and wolf and prey density showed such factors did not significantly influence pup‐guarding rates. We show that characteristics of individuals and groups have strong influences on pup‐guarding behavior in gray wolves, but environmental factors such as food abundance and predation risk from conspecifics were not influential.
Fluid chemistry in the Solitaire and Dodo hydrothermal fields of the Central Indian Ridge
Authors: Kawagucci S. , Miyazaki J. , Noguchi T. , Okamura K. , Shibuya T. , Watsuji T. , Nishizawa M. , Watanabe H. , Okino K. , Takahata N. , Sano Y. , Nakamura K. , Shuto A. , Abe M. , Takaki Y. , Nunoura T. , Koonjul M. , Singh M. , Beedessee G. , Khishma M. , Bhoyroo V. , Bissessur D. , Kumar L. S. , Marie D. , Tamaki K. , Takai K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFluid chemistry and microbial community patterns in chimney habitats were investigated in two hydrothermal fields located at the Central Indian Ridge. Endmember hydrothermal fluid of the Solitaire field, located ~3 km away from the spreading center, was characterized by moderately high temperature (307°C), Cl depletion (489 mm), mildly acidic pH (≥4.40), and low metal concentrations (Fe ≤ 105 μm and Mn = 78 μm). Chloride depletion indicates that the subseafloor source fluid had undergone phase separation at temperatures higher than ~390°C while the metal depletion was likely attributable to fluid alteration occurring at a venting temperature of around 307°C. These different temperature conditions suggested from fluid chemistry might be associated with an off‐spreading center location of the field that allows subseafloor fluid cooling prior to seafloor discharge. The microbial community in the chimney habitat seemed comparable to previously known patterns in typical basalt‐hosted hydrothermal systems. Endmember hydrothermal fluid of the Dodo field, standing on center of the spreading axis, was characterized by high H2 concentration of 2.7 mm. The H2 enrichment was likely attributable to fresh basalt–fluid interaction, as suggested by the nondeformed sheet lava flow expansion around the vents. Thermodynamic calculation of the reducing pyrite–pyrrhotite–magnetite (PPM) redox buffer indeed reproduced the H2 enrichment. The quantitative cultivation test revealed that the microbial community associated with the hydrothermal fluid hosted abundant populations of (hyper)thermophilic hydrogenotrophic chemolithoautotrophs such as methanogens. The function of subseafloor hydrogenotrophic methanogenic populations dwelling around the H2‐enriched hydrothermal fluid flows was also inferred from the 13C‐ and D‐depleted signature of CH4 in the collected fluids. It was observed that the hydrothermal activity of the Dodo field had ceased until 2013.
Job polarization in European industries
Authors: CIRILLO Valeria 
Published: October 2016

AbstractJob polarization instead of pure upgrading is emerging in European industries. This article focuses on polarization of the employment structure and contributes empirical evidence to explain patterns of occupational change in relation to four major groups: managers, clerks, craft workers and manual workers. Building on the structural approach, the author aims to analyse employment dynamics at the sectoral level and shed light on job polarization trends in Europe. Job polarization clearly emerges, mainly in service sectors, and in some European countries it is leading to a rejection of the hypothesis of skill upgrading sustained by the skill‐biased technical change paradigm.
Twenty Years of the EU‐Turkey Customs Union: A Synthetic Control Method Analysis
Authors: Aytuğ Hüseyin , Kütük Merve Mavuş , Oduncu Arif , Togan Sübidey 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe paper studying the 1995 EU–Turkey Customs Union (CU) delivers a quantitative assessment of trade and GDP per capita effects of the CU on the Turkish economy. Our Synthetic Control Method based analysis reveals, contrary to the results of most studies in the literature, that the CU's effects have been substantial by any standards. In particular, the paper shows that in the absence of the EU–Turkey CU, Turkish exports to the EU and GDP per capita would have been 38 per cent and 13 per cent less, respectively.
Long‐term clinical response to treatment and maintenance of localized aggressive periodontitis: a cohort study
Authors: Miller Karina A. F. S. , Branco‐de‐Almeida Luciana S. , Wolf Sandra , Hovencamp Nicole , Treloar Tina , Harrison Peter , Aukhil Ikramuddin , Gong Yan , Shaddox Luciana M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate long‐term clinical response to periodontal therapy and maintenance in localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP).Materials and MethodsOne hundred forty‐one African Americans diagnosed with LAP, aged 5–25 years, were enrolled. Patients underwent periodontal mechanical debridement plus 1 week of amoxicillin/metronidazole. Mechanical therapy was repeated as needed and clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, and two additional annual follow‐up visits after treatment. Radiographs from primary dentition of patients with LAP in permanent dentition, and additional healthy siblings (HS) were analysed retrospectively.ResultsPeriodontal therapy significantly improved probing depth and clinical attachment level up to 4 years (mean reductions: 2.18 ± 1.03 and 2.80 ± 1.43 mm, respectively). Percentage of affected sites was reduced at all time points and maintained up to 4 years. Non‐compliance with antibiotics/appointments negatively affected the treatment response. Ninety per cent of LAP patients in permanent dentition and 32% of HS presented radiographic bone loss in primary dentition.ConclusionsMechanical debridement with 1 week of systemic antibiotics along with proper periodontal maintenance was effective in the treatment and successful maintenance of LAP for up to 4 years. LAP in permanent dentition may be preceded in the primary dentition. Clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01330719.
Design of a polyherbal mix by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and its encapsulation by spray drying: Phytochemical properties and shelf‐life study of the encapsulate
Authors: Ghosh Sudip , Dutta Sayantani , Kumar Ghosh Probir , Bhattacharjee Paramita , Das Satadal 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA polyherbal mix of tulsi leaves, bay leaves, and small cardamom seeds powder was subjected to supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) extraction. Highest yield of the extract along with the maximum antioxidant potency was obtained with a 20 g powdered mix (optimized) of 1:1:2 of tulsi leaf:bay leaf:small cardamom seed at extraction conditions of 60 °C, 300 bar, 90 min at a flow rate of 2.5 L/min of gaseous CO2. The optimized condition of microencapsulation of the same was achieved at an inlet air temperature of 140 °C with 60:40 of maltodextrin:gum arabic as wall material. Storage stability study established this herbal encapsulate to be a promising novel natural antioxidant for food and pharmaceutical applications.Practical applicationsA new method for design of polyherbal mixes using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) extraction and microencapsulation has been reported. This methodology can be adopted for formulation of newer polyherbal mixes from herbs and spices, to arrive at novel Ayurceuticals with potent therapeutic properties. The SC‐CO2 extract of powdered tulsi leaves, bay leaves, and small cardamom seeds is a classic example of an Ayurceutical with remarkably enhanced antioxidant potency than that of the individual botanicals. The microencapsulated extract of the polyherbal mix can be marketed as a “finished herbal product,” having higher storage stability than the native extract and allows controlled release of the antioxidants. Both the extract and its microencapsulate have promising applications as natural antioxidants in soybean oil, replacing the most commonly used commercial antioxidants (Ghosh, Chatterjee, Mishra, & Bhattacharjee, ).
Response surface optimization for hot air‐frying technique and its effects on the quality of sweet potato snack
Authors: Abd Rahman N. A. , Abdul Razak S. Z. , Lokmanalhakim L. A. , Taip F. S. , Mustapa Kamal S. M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractResponse surface methodology was employed to obtain the optimum process conditions for frying sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) via hot‐air frying technique. Sweet potato samples were fried at different frying temperature (140–160°C) and time (4–12 min). These variables were used as independent variables whose effects on fat and moisture contents; hardness and color were evaluated. The experimental results were fitted with a second‐order polynomial equation by a multiple regression analysis. From the response surface methodology analysis, the recommended frying condition from the study was found to be 150°C for 12 min. Optimized sweet potato samples were compared with deep fat‐fried samples; where the former had very low fat content i.e. decreased by 90.1%, lighter color and harder texture. Panellist selected the optimized air‐fried samples for several sensory attributes which relates to quality. Frying sweet potatoes via hot air‐frying technique can be considered as a healthier alternative to prepare fried food for consumption.Practical applicationsThis article describes an optimization study on frying sweet potato snack via hot air‐frying technique. The aim was to produce a healthier snack food with low fat content and high acceptability. This work recommends an alternative technique to prepare fried food material to be utilized for domestic use and in food industry.