bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost Effectiveness of Gene Expression Profile Testing in Community Practice
Authors: Chandler Young , Schechter Clyde B. , Jayasekera Jinani , Near Aimee , O’Neill Suzanne C. , Isaacs Claudine , Phelps Charles E. , Ray G. Thomas , Lieu Tracy A. , Ramsey Scott , Mandelblatt Jeanne S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Gene expression profile (GEP) testing can support chemotherapy decision making for patients with early-stage, estrogen receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor 2–negative breast cancers. This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of one GEP test, Onco type DX (Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA), in community practice with test-eligible patients age 40 to 79 years. Methods A simulation model compared 25-year societal incremental costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of community Onco type DX use from 2005 to 2012 versus usual care in the pretesting era (2000 to 2004). Inputs included Onco type DX and chemotherapy data from an integrated health care system and national and published data on Onco type DX accuracy, chemotherapy effectiveness, utilities, survival and recurrence, and Medicare and patient costs. Sensitivity analyses varied individual parameters; results were also estimated for ideal conditions (ie, 100% testing and adherence to test-suggested treatment, perfect test accuracy, considering test effects on reassurance or worry, and lowest costs). Results Twenty-four percent of test-eligible patients had Onco type DX testing. Testing was higher in younger patients and patients with stage I disease ( v stage IIA), and 75.3% and 10.2% of patients with high and low recurrence risk scores received chemotherapy, respectively. The cost-effectiveness ratio for testing ( v usual care) was $188,125 per QALY. Considering test effects on worry versus reassurance decreased the cost-effectiveness ratio to $58,431 per QALY. With perfect test accuracy, the cost-effectiveness ratio was $28,947 per QALY, and under ideal conditions, it was $39,496 per QALY. Conclusion GEP testing is likely to have a high cost-effectiveness ratio on the basis of community practice patterns. However, realistic variations in assumptions about key variables could result in GEP testing having cost-effectiveness ratios in the range of other accepted interventions. The differences in cost-effectiveness ratios on the basis of community versus ideal conditions underscore the importance of considering real-world implementation when assessing the new technology.
Profile: Health and Demographic Surveillance System in peri-urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Zeb Muhammad Ilyas , Naeem Komal , Fatima Urooj , Nisar Muhammad Imran , Kazi Abdul Momin , Jehan Fyezah , Shafiq Yasir , Mehmood Usma , Ali Rashid , Ali Murtaza , Ahmed Imran , Zaidi Anita K.M. 
Published: January 2018

The Aga Khan University’s Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in peri urban areas of Karachi was set up in the year 2003 in four low socioeconomic communities and covers an area of 17.6 square kilometres. Its main purpose has been to provide a platform for research projects with the focus on maternal and child health improvement, as well as educational opportunities for trainees. The total population currently under surveillance is 249,128, for which a record of births, deaths, pregnancies and migration events is maintained by two monthly household visits. Verbal autopsies for stillbirths, deaths of children under the age of five years and adult female deaths are conducted. For over a decade, the HDSS has been a platform for a variety of studies including, calculation of the incidence of various infectious diseases like typhoid bacteremia, pneumonia and diarrhea, evaluation of effectiveness of various treatment regimens for neonatal sepsis, assessment of the acceptance of hospitalized care, determination of the etiology of moderate to severe diarrhea, assessment of burden and etiology of neonatal sepsis and a multi-centre cohort study measuring the burden of stillbirths, neonatal and maternal deaths. We have also established a bio-repository of a well-defined maternal and newborn cohort. Through a well-established HDSS rooted in maternal and child health we aim to provide concrete evidence base to guide policy makers to make informed decisions at local, national and international levels.
Effects of eight weeks of physical training on physical performance and heart rate variability in children
Authors: Kraama Liisa , Yague Pablo , Kyröläinen Heikki , Pulkkinen Seppo , Matinsalo Tuuli , Linnamo Vesa 
Published: January 2018

Summary
Study aim: Physically active adults have been shown to have higher heart rate variability (HRV) than less active adults, but less is known about children in this regard. In adults, training-induced changes in physical performance have been shown to be related to increase in HRV, especially in its high frequency component (HF), which is a marker of parasympathetic activity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether 8 weeks of instructed physical training would improve physical performance and cardiac autonomic function (HRV) in secondary school pupils and to examine the relationship between changes in physical performance and the function of the autonomic nervous system. Material and methods: The test group included 12 girls and 12 boys and the control group 7 girls and 7 boys. All the sub­jects were 13-15 years old. Physical training included warm up, circuit training, endurance training, stretching and relaxation 3 times a week for eight weeks. Endurance training intensity was 70-75% of maximal heart rate. Endurance, flexibility, speed and power were measured before and after training. The low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) components of HRV were recorded in supine rest and in standing conditions before and after the eight-week period. Results: Time to exhaustion in the endurance test increased in the test group (p < 0.001), flexibility and ball throwing improved in the test group (p < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the control group. No significant changes were observed in HRV in either group. Conclusions: In conclusion, eight weeks of physical training improves physical performance in children, but it might not affect autonomic cardiac function.
Don Quixote, Sweded by Michel Gondry in Be Kind Rewind (2008)
Authors: Hogan Erin K. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In the spirit of poetic license from Be Kind Rewind (2008), this article argues that Michel Gondry’s film “swedes,” its playful neologism for ersatz remaking of Hollywood and classic films, Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quixote. The feature follows the Sanchification of Jerry (Jack Black), Gondry’s Don Quixote, and Quixotification of Mike (Mos Def), Gondry’s Sancho, as they nostalgically wrong cinematic rights through sweding and try to save their working-class neighbourhood from condemnation and gentrification through community film making. Gondry swedes the Quixote through his engagement with major themes and operations in Cervantes’s classic, including nostalgia, story-telling, conflicts between reality and fantasy, authorship, the grotesque and carnivalesque, (anti-)heroes, race and gender-bending, genre, and addressees turned addressers. This article discusses Be Kind Rewind’s relationship to Hollywoodian and Cervantine classics through the theoretical frameworks of Julio Garcia Espinosa’s imperfect cinema and Foucauldian semiotics, respectively. Be Kind Rewind uses and abuses Hollywood stereotypes to re-purpose them for a critique of discriminatory practices. Where casting is concerned and where Michel’s characters diverge from Miguel’s, Be Kind Rewind advances that skin colour is not an arbitrary sign and that race has historical and contemporary meaning in intercultural interactions.
Eco-friendly microwave-enhanced green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Aloe vera leaf extract and their physico-chemical and antibacterial studies
Authors: Ahmadi Omid , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda , Jodeiri Naeimeh 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized usingAloe veraleaf extract as both reducing and stabilizing agentsviamicrowave irradiation method. The effects of the microwave exposure time and the amount of AgNO3solution on the mean particle size and concentration of the synthesized AgNPs solution were investigated using response surface methodology. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Well-dispersed and spherically fabricated AgNPs with mean particle size (46 nm) and maximum concentration (64 ppm) and zeta potential (+15.5 mV), were obtained at optimal synthesis conditions, using 9 ml of AgNO3(1 mm) and 0.1 ml ofAloe veraextract during microwave exposure time of 360 s. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgNPs was tested usingEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureusbacteria and the obtained results indicated their significant inhibitory effects against these two Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Interpreting and propagating the uncertainty of the standard atomic weights (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Possolo Antonio , van der Veen Adriaan M. H. , Meija Juris , Hibbert D. Brynn 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In 2009, the Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) introduced the interval notation to express the standard atomic weights of elements whose isotopic composition varies significantly in nature. However, it has become apparent that additional guidance would be helpful on how representative values should be derived from these intervals, and on how the associated uncertainty should be characterized and propagated to cognate quantities, such as relative molecular masses. The assignment of suitable probability distributions to the atomic weight intervals is consistent with the CIAAW’s goal of emphasizing the variability of the atomic weight values in nature. These distributions, however, are not intended to reflect the natural variability of the abundances of the different isotopes in the earth’s crust or in any other environment. Rather, they convey states of knowledge about the elemental composition of “normal” materials generally, or about specific classes of such materials. In the absence of detailed knowledge about the isotopic composition of a material, or when such details may safely be ignored, the probability distribution assigned to the standard atomic weight intervals may be taken as rectangular (or, uniform). This modeling choice is a reasonable and convenient default choice when a representative value of the atomic weight, and associated uncertainty, are needed in calculations involving atomic and relative molecular masses. When information about the provenance of the material, or other information about the isotopic composition needs to be taken into account, then this distribution may be non-uniform. We present several examples of how the probability distribution of an atomic weight or relative molecular mass may be characterized, and also how it may be used to evaluate the associated uncertainty.
Electrochemical Deposition of CoCu/Cu Multilayers: Structural and Magnetic Properties as a Function of Non-magnetic Layer Thickness
Authors: Tekgül Atakan , Kockar Hakan , Kuru Hilal , Alper Mursel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Electrochemical deposition of CoCu/Cu multilayers was performed on titanium substrates from a single bath as a function of the Cu layer thicknesses. The deposition potentials were selected as −1.5 V for the magnetic layers and −0.3 V for the non-magnetic layers with respect to the saturated calomel electrode. The current-time transients were obtained during the deposition process, and the Co layer deposition and capacitive transients were calculated. On the basis of structural analysis, the multilayers were found to be polycrystalline with both Co and Cu layers adopting the face-centered cubic structure. The calculated lattice parameters of the multilayers slightly increase from 0.3585 to 0.3615 nm with increase in the Cu layer thickness, which is consistent with the bulk value of Cu. The inter-planar distance of the peaks of the multilayers is closer to that of Cu (d
111=0.2087 nm) and Co (d
111=0.2046 nm), and they become close to that of bulk Cu with increasing Cu layer thickness. In magnetic measurements, the magnetization decreases from 156 to 44 emu/cm3 depending on the Cu layer thickness. Furthermore, the coercivity of the multilayers increases from 20 to 140 Oe. These values show that the magnetic behaviour of the multilayers lie between those of soft and hard magnetic materials, but the multilayer having 2.5 nm Cu layer thickness shows hard magnetic property. For the CoCu(4 nm)/Cu(0.7 nm) multilayer, the magnetoresistance measurement shows 5.5 % giant magnetoresistance (GMR).
Reduced Walking Speed in Subjective and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Knapstad Mari Kalland , Steihaug Ole Martin , Aaslund Mona Kristin , Nakling Arne , Naterstad Ingvill Fjell , Fladby Tormod , Aarsland Dag , Giil Lasse Melvaer 
Published: January 2018

Background and Purpose:
Walking speed is reduced in people with dementia, but less is known about predementia conditions. We, therefore, studied the relationship between walking speed, cognition, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in persons with subjective (SCI) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 22 healthy controls, 30 SCI and 17 MCI (N = 69). Walking speed was measured by a 10-m gait test at usual and fast pace. We analyzed the association between walking speed and the ordered categories of controls, SCI, and MCI in a generalized proportional odds model. Neuropsychological tests, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (delayed recall), and Trail Making (TMT) A and B, were analyzed by negative binomial, linear, and robust regression for association with walking speed.

Results:
Walking speed at usual pace was slower moving from controls to SCI (odds ratio: 0.46, P = 0.031) and MCI (odds ratio: 0.44, P = .019) on an ordinal scale. In MCI, walking speed was reduced at fast speed (odds ratio: 0.46, P = 0.04). There were significant associations between walking speeds and neuropsychological test performance. Usual walking speed was associated with slower test performance on TMT-A (β: −.02, P = .04) and fast pace with slower performance on TMT-B (β: −.01, P = .03). There were no associations between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and walking speeds.

Conclusion:
Usual walking speed is reduced in a graded fashion with the early symptoms of cognitive impairment. Our results suggest that reduced walking speed at both usual and fast speed is associated with impaired cognitive function, and that walking speed could be affected at very early stages of neurodegeneration.
The Substrates of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Muir Virginia S , Gasch Audrey P , Anderson Philip 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a conserved pathway that strongly influences eukaryotic gene expression. Inactivating or inhibiting NMD affects the abundance of a substantial fraction of the transcriptome in numerous species. Transcripts whose abundance is altered in NMD-deficient cells may represent either direct substrates of NMD or indirect effects of inhibiting NMD. We present a genome-wide investigation of the direct substrates of NMD in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our goals were (i) to identify mRNA substrates of NMD and (ii) to distinguish those mRNAs from others whose abundance is indirectly influenced by the absence of NMD. We previously demonstrated that Upf1p/SMG-2, the central effector of NMD in all studied eukaryotes, preferentially associates with mRNAs that contain premature translation termination codons. We used this preferential association to distinguish direct from indirect effects by coupling immunopurification of Upf1/SMG-2 with high-throughput mRNA sequencing of NMD-deficient mutants and NMD-proficient controls. We identify 680 substrates of NMD, 171 of which contain novel spliced forms that (i) include sequences of annotated introns and (ii) have not been previously documented in the C. elegans transcriptome. NMD degrades unproductively spliced mRNAs with sufficient efficiency in NMD-proficient strains that such mRNAs were not previously known. Two classes of genes are enriched among the identified NMD substrates: (i) mRNAs of expressed pseudogenes and (ii) mRNAs of gene families whose gene number has recently expanded in the C. elegans genome. Our results identify novel NMD substrates and provide a context for understanding NMD’s role in normal gene expression and genome evolution.
Invading, Leading and Navigating Cells in Caenorhabditis elegans: Insights into Cell Movement in Vivo
Authors: Sherwood David R , Plastino Julie 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Highly regulated cell migration events are crucial during animal tissue formation and the trafficking of cells to sites of infection and injury. Misregulation of cell movement underlies numerous human diseases, including cancer. Although originally studied primarily in two-dimensional in vitro assays, most cell migrations in vivo occur in complex three-dimensional tissue environments that are difficult to recapitulate in cell culture or ex vivo. Further, it is now known that cells can mobilize a diverse repertoire of migration modes and subcellular structures to move through and around tissues. This review provides an overview of three distinct cellular movement events in Caenorhabditis elegans—cell invasion through basement membrane, leader cell migration during organ formation, and individual cell migration around tissues—which together illustrate powerful experimental models of diverse modes of movement in vivo. We discuss new insights into migration that are emerging from these in vivo studies and important future directions toward understanding the remarkable and assorted ways that cells move in animals.
Deletion of a Long-Range Dlx5 Enhancer Disrupts Inner Ear Development in Mice
Authors: Johnson Kenneth R , Gagnon Leona H , Tian Cong , Longo-Guess Chantal M , Low Benjamin E , Wiles Michael V , Kiernan Amy E 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Distal enhancers are thought to play important roles in the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression during embryonic development, but few predicted enhancer elements have been shown to affect transcription of their endogenous genes or to alter phenotypes when disrupted. Here, we demonstrate that a 123.6-kb deletion within the mouse Slc25a13 gene is associated with reduced transcription of Dlx5, a gene located 660 kb away. Mice homozygous for the Slc25a13 deletion mutation [named hyperspin (hspn)] have malformed inner ears and are deaf with balance defects, whereas previously reported Slc25a13 knockout mice showed no phenotypic abnormalities. Inner ears of Slc25a13hspn/hspn mice have malformations similar to those of Dlx5−/− embryos, and Dlx5 expression is severely reduced in the otocyst but not the branchial arches of Slc25a13hspn/hspn embryos, indicating that the Slc25a13hspn deletion affects otic-specific enhancers of Dlx5. In addition, transheterozygous Slc25a13+/hspn Dlx5+/− mice exhibit noncomplementation with inner ear dysmorphologies similar to those of Slc25a13hspn/hspn and Dlx5−/−embryos, verifying a cis-acting effect of the Slc25a13hspn deletion on Dlx5 expression. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletions of putative enhancer elements located within the Slc25a13hspn deleted region failed to phenocopy the defects of Slc25a13hspn/hspn mice, suggesting the possibility of multiple enhancers with redundant functions. Our findings in mice suggest that analogous enhancer elements in the human SLC25A13 gene may regulate DLX5 expression and underlie the hearing loss that is associated with split-hand/-foot malformation 1 syndrome. Slc25a13hspn/hspn mice provide a new animal model for studying long-range enhancer effects on Dlx5 expression in the developing inner ear.
The Effects of Antenatal Corticosteroids and Surfactant Replacement on Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Heljić Suada , Maksić Hajrija , Kalkan Ismeta , Krđalić Belma 
Published: January 2018

The goal of this study was to determine the effects of antenatal corticosteroids and surfactant replacement on the severity and frequency of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in a cohort of premature infants born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 2005 to 2007. The cohort consisted of 172 premature neonates with estimated gestational age between 26 and 34 weeks. Babies with IUGR, babies of diabetic mothers and babies with major congenital defects were excluded. Out of 172 neonates, 80 were treated antenatally with corticosteroids (single course of dexamethasone) and 92/172 were not. There was no statistical difference (p>0,5) in average gestational age (31,2 vs. 31,0 GW) and male/female ratio between investigated groups; there were significantly more male patients (p<0,05) in both groups. Frequency of RDS was significantly lower in the corticosteroid group (24/80) in relation to the control group (54/92) (p<0,001). Severe RDS was significantly (p<0,01) more frequent in the control group 34/53 (62,96%) then in the corticosteroid group 6/24 (25,0%). Bovine surfactant(Survanta) was given as a rescue therapy to 78 babies with clinical and radiological signs of RDS who required FiO2>0,40 and mechanical ventilation. Early surfactant administration within six hours after birth appeared to be effective at reducing mortality then later surfactant administration (p<0,005). In the group of babies requiring FiO2> or =0,6 at the time of surfactant replacement, the mortality rate was significantly higher (p<0,05). In conclusion, we confirm the efficacy of antenatal corticosteroid treatment and early surfactant treatment in a cohort of premature infants born in Sarajevo.
Using a New Schema Approach with Primary At-Risk Students in Word Problem Solving
Authors: Amiripour Parvaneh , Dossey John Arthur , Shahvarani Ahmad 
Published: January 2018

This comparative study of two approaches contrasts a schema-based approach to represent a solution approach to solving whole number contextual problems for Grades 2 and 3 with the traditional textbook approach. The participants are 9 to 11-year-old Afghani refugee students enrolled in non-public schools administered by NGO organization in Iran. The subjects have difficulty with grade-level mathematics and have been retained in grade at least one year. Subjects were randomly selected from four classrooms in two schools. The schema-based experimental approach is called the Problem Patterns (PP) approach. Students receiving this instructional approach were taught to break problems into data, units, and desired solution, removing irrelevant information, and make a solution model with manipulatives. Control students followed the traditional classroom approach. All classes were taught by the first researcher. Evaluation results showed the PP students had higher achievement and growth scores than the control students. The results also showed the schema building portion of instruction contributed most to the differences in performance of the experimental groups’ students.
The March of Scientific Knowledge in Social Work
Authors: Adamek Margaret E. 
Published: January 2018

In the Fall 2017 issue of Advances in Social Work we are pleased to present 15 manuscripts--12 empirical, three conceptual--written by authors hailing from 15 states, the District of Columbia, and four countries. Seven papers address various aspects of social work education, including three on research issues, two on child welfare curriculum, one on macro social work, and one on combined public health/social work programs. The remaining papers include three conceptual offerings and five empirical studies conducted in the field.