bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Antipsychotic is More Effective? Pafip Three Years Longitudinal Study Comparing Haloperidol, Risperidone, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Ziprasidone and Aripiprazole
Authors: Revuelta M. Gomez , Alvarez P. Alonso , Egea J.L. Garcia , Ruiz M. Juncal , Olivares O. Porta , Blanco L. Sanchez , Diez D. Abejas , Santayana Jenaro G. Pardo de , Rodriguez R. Landera 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEarly stages after a first psychotic episode (FEP) are crucial for the prognosis of the disease. Those patients who drop out of treatment after a FEP show a significant increase in their vulnerability to relapse. Relapses associated a greater risk of neurotoxicity, chronicity, hospitalization, decrease of response to the treatment, increase of burden and functional decline.ObjectivesTo determine what antipsychotic is more effective in the prevention of relapse after a first psychotic episode.Material and methodsPAFIP is an assistance program focused on early intervention in psychosis. Between January 2001 and January 2011, 255 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to treatment with haloperidol (n = 48), olanzapine (n = 41), risperidone (n = 44), quetiapine (n = 34), ziprasidone (n = 38) and aripiprazole (n = 50). We compared the rates of relapse and remission reached by haloperidol, olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, ziprasidone and quetiapine during a 3-year follow-up. All of the patients were antipsychotic naives at the beginning of the treatment.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in regard to the rate of clinical remission. Patients assigned to the groups of aripiprazole, olanzapine and risperidone presented a solid trend to a significantly inferior rate of discontinuation for any reason since the beginning of the treatment.ConclusionsThese data point to a greater protection against relapse and a likely better prognosis related to the use of aripiprazole, Olanzapine and risperidone.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
5-years Follow-up of Antipsychotic Medication and Hospitalizations After First Episode Hospital-treated Psychosis in a Swedish Nation-wide Cohort
Authors: Strålin P. , Hetta J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionOutcome after first episode psychosis is heterogeneous, but knowledge about the distribution and predictive factors is limited.ObjectiveTo investigate medication and rehospitalizations for five years after first episode hospital treated psychosis.MethodSwedish population registers were used to select a nation-wide cohort of 962 cases (589 or 61% men) with a first hospitalization for psychosis at ages between 16–25 years. Cases were categorized year by year for 5 years after the initial hospitalization with regard to rehospitalizations and dispensations of antipsychotics and other medications.ResultsThe 5-years mortality was 4% (n = 39) with suicides in 16 cases (1.6%, 11 of which were men). Additionally, 139 cases (23% of women and 10% of men) had hospitalizations for suicide attempts within 5 years. A bimodal distribution of years with medication was found indicating two different trajectories of outcome. One peak was seen for cases with dispensations of antipsychotics 5 of 5 years (40% of the cohort). Another peak was seen at dispensations during at most 1 of 5 year (30%). During year 5, 514 (56% of 923 cases surviving 5 years) had dispensations of neuroleptics and 257 (28%) were hospitalized, whereas 356 cases (39%) had no dispensation of neuroleptics or hospitalization.ConclusionsThe population of young cases with first episode psychosis is heterogeneous with at least two clearly separable trajectories based on medication and hospitalizations. The high mortality and high incidence of suicide attempts during a five-year period demonstrate a need for careful monitoring of these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Patterns of dissociative (conversion) disorder cases in private psychiatric facility and the effectiveness of an indigene model of psychotherapy
Authors: Hussain M.I. 
Published: June 2017

This is descriptive study was carried out on newly diagnosed dissociative (conversion) disorder patients admitted in private health care facility, Iftikhar Psychiatric Hospital Peshawar.The studied was carried out from January 2012 to December 2012. Cases were diagnosed according to international classification of disease (ICD-10) diagnostic criteria. Subjects were selected through purposive sampling. A total of 139 patients were included in this study. Patterns of and disorder and demographic will be presented in presentation.Due to sociocultural sensitivity of applying dialectical and CBT an indigenes model of psychotherapy was applied.Stage 1: admission of conversion disorder cases for four days admission with informed consent, supportive psychotherapy, and brief psycho-education of attendants to avoid reinforcement of the patient's behavior. Parental single dose medication to break the cycle of fits.Stage 2: it involves exploratory session with the patient and her/his family members focusing on what is the problem with the patient nature of stressors, and the family environment. Meanwhile, we involve the patient in the recreational and occupational therapy to avoid sick role and illness behavior.Stage 3: psychotherapy session with the patient to give psycho-education and insight of her/his mental problem. Discussing different options, and facilitating the patient to come up with the best possible desirable option. Psychotherapy of the family members involved psycho-education about the patient's mental illness, its association with the prevailing stressors, and avoiding reinforcement. Responses have been 85% improvement in conversion disorder, 90% in sensory symptoms, 98% in motor symptoms, 95% in mixed symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
The correlation between object relationships and attachment style in prostitutes in Iran
Authors: Nouralizade L. , Ghahari S. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveIncreased statistics of prostitution and reduced age of prostitutes at the world and as a result, prevalence of diseases such as AIDS and other diseases has gained attention of scholars to the problem of prostitution and relevant problems. Hence, the main objective of this study is to analyze the correlation between object relations and attachment style in prostitutes in Iran.MethodApplied method in this study is correlation. Statistical population in this study consists of prostitutes of Tehran, Mashhad, Kerman, Tabriz and Mazandaran and statistical sample consists of 317 women selected using simple random sampling method in 2015. For purpose of data collection, Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI) and Hazan and Shaver attachment styles questionnaire are used. The data were analyzed using multivariate regression and Pearson correlation in SPSS-22.FindingThe results showed that there is significant correlation between object relations and attachment styles in prostitutes (P < 0.01).ConclusionObject relations scales (incompetence, self-centeredness and alienation) are correlated to insecure attachment styles in prostitutes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Intramuscular ketamine in depression, suicidal thoughts and anxiety: A report on two cases
Authors: Cigognini M. , Moreno R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSeveral studies have shown that ketamine, an antagonist of NMDA receptors, represents a promising alternative in the treatment of depression. The therapeutic use of ketamine, commonly used at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, and in a single application IV has been short and requires monitoring in a hospital setting. IM use has been shown to be effective in treating depression and suicide risk, and have low side effect profile.MethodsTwo patients diagnosed with bipolar depression and suicide risk were submitted to ketamine IM application (0.75 mg/kg), receiving one application of ketamine IM every two days, totaling 4 applications. Patients were under medical monitoring for 2 hours after injection verifying vital signs and potential side effects. Responses were measured using BDI, BAI and BSI.AimTo evaluate response of ketamine IM injections on depressive, suicidal and anxious symptoms.SummaryCase 1: female, 20 years old, single with three recent suicide attempts, symptomatic for two months. Started lithium 450 mg daily. Side effects of ketamine were nausea, drowsiness and paresthesia. Case 2: female, 24 years old, single with symptoms lasting for six years. Started aripiprazole 5–10 mg and 25 mg lamotrigine concomitantly. Side effects of dry mouth, dizziness and dissociation.ConclusionsThe use of ketamine IM showed reduction of 75.5%–83.3%–85.7% (case 1) and 71.4%–77.2%–60.8% (case 2) in BDI, BAI and BSI, respectively as well as safety and tolerability in use.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Risk factors for suicide behaviors in bipolar disorder: A closer look
Authors: Durães D. , Martins J. , Borralho R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSuicide behaviors (suicide acts and suicide attempts) are a major concern for clinicians treating patients with psychiatric disorders. Among them, patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have the highest prevalence of suicide behaviors, accounting for up to one-quarter of all completed suicides. Additionally, suicide remains the leading cause of avoidable death in patients with BD.AimsThis work aims to review the main risk factors for suicide behaviors in patients with BD.MethodsThe MEDLINE/Pubmed database was searched using the keywords “bipolar disorder” with: “suicide”; “suicide attempt”; and “suicide risk factors”. Articles published in the last 10 years were considered.ResultsIt is estimated that 25% to 50% of patients with BD will attempt suicide at least once in their lifetime and, that 10% to 15% will die. The risk factors for suicide behaviors in patients with BD have been widely studied and their knowledge is crucial for identifying patients at risk.The main risk factors include previous suicide attempts, family history of suicide and hopelessness. Other risk factors have also been identified: depressive polarity of first mood episode; rapid cycling; increasing severity of affective episodes; depressive polarity of the latest mood episode; mixed affective states; early age of onset; and comorbid anxiety disorders, substance use disorders and cluster B personality disorders.ConclusionsPrevention of suicide behaviors is crucial when treating patients with BD. Therefore, the knowledge of these risk factors is of extreme importance in order to promptly identify patients at risk and adopt the proper preventive therapeutic interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The blue-eyed man: A case of Waardenburg syndrome type 1 associated with mania and autistic spectrum disorder
Authors: Francis B. , Jambunathan S.T. , Gill J.S. , Wong S. 
Published: June 2017

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by varying degrees of sensorineural deafness, dystopia canthorum, musculokeletal defects, pigmentation anomalies such as bright blue iris, greying hair and in some cases intestinal pathology.A 21-year-old Chinese gentleman, diagnosed with WS type 1 (Figs. 1 and 2) at the age of two, presented at the emergency unit with manic symptoms for the past one month such as irritability, grandiosity, flight of ideas and reduced need for sleep. With regards to social integration, he had features suggestive of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). He often played by himself and was fixated on particular toys. He was eventually admitted to the psychiatric ward for acute management of mania. He was stabilised on olanzapine 10 mg BD and sodium valproate 600 mg BD. His sodium valproate was cross-titrated with lithium in the ward and his manic features gradually subsided. He was discharged well after 2 weeks of admission with lithium 300 mg BD and olanzapine 10 mg BD. WS type 1 has been localised to the locus 2q35 and researchers have identified that a tetranucleotide repeat marker on 2q35 is strongly associated with recurrent mood symptoms.In conclusion, it is important to note that individuals with WS may be at higher risk to develop ASD and mood disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Research of thinking and memory at persons with the alcoholic dependence complicated by abuse of preparations of sedative and somnolent group
Authors: Jumasheva G. 
Published: June 2017

In recent years, abuse of sleeping medicines with the subsequent formation of an inclination and increase of tolerance to preparations of this group has gained distribution in the Republic of Uzbekistan among the persons suffering from alcoholic dependence.The assessment of thinking and memory functions was carried on by using a pictogram technique at 40 patients with the alcoholic dependence complicated by abuse of a somnolent preparation. Two groups of patients had similar duration of alcohol abuse, but differing in the length of abuse of hypnotic drugs: 20 patients used it not more than 1 year, 20 patients more than 5 years.Research has shown that with the duration of abuse of somnolent preparation within 1 year patients with alcoholic dependence had no expressed memory violations: by means of pictogram drawings patients could remember all set of words. Twenty-five percent of patients’ drawings had the ordered appearance, steady graphic characteristics; the chosen images were followed by exact, laconic comments. The tendency to prevalence of the concrete images associated with alcoholic situations was found in 75% of patients of this group at a graphic representation of abstract concepts.Abuse of somnolent preparations more than 5 years at 35% of patients has come to light misunderstanding of sense of the task, 40% of patients – insufficient image differentiation with inability of selection of visions to abstract concepts, 10% of patients – had tendency to the stereotypy and a perseveration. All the patients had a decrease in efficiency of the mediated storing.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Bipolar disorders diagnostics in ambulatory medico-psychological service
Authors: Kornetov N. , Larionova E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe difficulties of diagnosis and clinical differentiation of bipolar disorders, schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder have been repeatedly noted both foreign and Russian authors.ObjectivesFull medico-psychological service clinical documentation research, including bipolar disorder patient records.AimsDetermination of bipolar disorders in accordance with the DSM-5 criteria among psychiatric outpatients.MethodsA group of 142 patients with established according to ICD-10 diagnoses: schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder 137 (96.5%); the average patient's age 50 ± 13 and bipolar disorder and mania episode 5 (3.5%) – 55.4 ± 14.4 has been investigated.ResultsIt was found that 18 (12.7%) of all patients meet the DSM-5 bipolar disorder criteria compared with the primary diagnosis (3.5%). Structure of the diagnosis of bipolar disorder was represented as follows: bipolar disorder type I – 11 (61.2%), bipolar disorder type II – 7 (38.8%). Consequently, due to formal application DSM-5 bipolar disorder criteria BD determination 3.5 times more.ConclusionTraditionally, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is preferred over bipolar disorder. Manic episode in bipolar disorder can be evidently regarded as an acute schizophrenia manifestation. The diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 are convenient in diagnostics of manic and depressive episodes in case of their combination in I type bipolar disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Antidepressants induced mania in patients with diagnosed unipolar depression: Case report and literature discussion
Authors: Silva M. , Ribeiro M. , Figueredo A.R. , Castelo Branco L. 
Published: June 2017

The association of antidepressant therapy with mania in people being treated for unipolar depression reinforces the importance of further clarification of this effect, since it has a huge implication in treatment approach and outcome. With this main objective, authors propose to make retrospective sociodemographic and clinical characterization of a group of patients with antidepressant induced mania in diagnosed unipolar depression, admitted in inpatient unit of Psychiatry and Mental Health Department of Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. Authors also aim to identify features that may increase the risk for mania or hypomania in people who present with an episode of depression, which can guide clinical orientation and improve outcome.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prospective predictors of onset, maintenance and cessation of self-injurious behavior during adolescence
Authors: Brunner R. , König J. , Parzer P. , Resch F. , Kaess M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEpidemiological studies indicate a high prevalence of self-injurious behavior in adolescents in the general population. So far, there are only very few studies on the course of self-injurious behavior in adolescents and young adults.ObjectivesThe aim of the present population-based study was the analysis of prospective predictors of onset, maintenance and cessation self-injurious behavior in adolescents.MethodsA representative sample of the normal population of adolescents from Germany (initial sample: n = 1444; mean age = 14.7, SD = 0.80, 52% female adolescents) was studied over a two years period on 4 consecutive points of measurement in the context of the European school-based intervention study SEYLE.ResultsThere was a high remission rate (70.4%) of self-injurious behaviors at 24-month follow-up investigation. However, there was a substantial rate (29.6%) of adolescents who continued the self-injurious behavior, as well as a group of “new starters”. Self-injurious behavior during the baseline examination proved to be the strongest predictor of self-injurious behavior 2 years later. The extent of depressive symptoms and quality of peer relationships were significantly associated with maintaining self-injurious behavior two years later. Furthermore continued self-injurious behavior over the first 12-month was highly associated with suicide plans/suicide attempts at 24-month follow-up investigation.ConclusionsWhile both, onset and maintenance of SIB are prospectively associated with an increased risk for suicidal behaviour in late adolescence, SIB cessation significantly reduces the risk for later suicidal behaviour.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical and psychopathological aspect of electrophysiological abnormalities in adolescents with behavior disorders
Authors: Leshchyna I. , Mozgova T. , Fedorchenko S. 
Published: June 2017

Medical and social significance of behavioral disorders in adolescents and their consequences makes the relevance of the study of clinical manifestations and causes the need for early preventive intervention.AimStudying the role of neurophysiological disorders in the formation of behavior disorders in adolescents.Two hundred and two adolescents aged 11–15 years with behavior disorders were observed. The diagnostic methods included electrophysiological, clinical psychopathological and statistical methods.In the structure of behavioral disorders, psychopathological syndromes in adolescents have been identified: psychopathic (n = 106), asthenoneurotic (n = 50), asthenoabulic (n = 26) and anxiety-depressive (n = 20).As a result, it was found that high seizure activity commonly observed in adolescents with anxiety-depressive syndrome (66.67 ± 10.33%); less frequently in adolescents with asthenoneurotic (40.00 ± 6.79%), psychopathic (38.71 ± 4.64%), asthenoabulic (28.57 ± 8.68%) syndromes.At the same time, diffuse changes with dysregulation of the diencephalic-stem structures were observed in the majority of adolescents with psychopathic (61.29 ± 4.64%), asthenoneurotic (60.00 ± 6.79%), asthenoabulic (57.15 ± 9.51%) syndromes and much less frequently in adolescents with anxiety-depressive symptoms (33.33 ± 10.33%).Dystonic rheoencephalography type was observed in a third of adolescents with psychopathic (35.48 ± 4.55%), asthenoneurotic (30.00 ± 6.35%) and anxiety-depressive (33.33 ± 10.33%) syndromes, while the hypertensive rheoencephalography type was prevailed in adolescents with astenoabulic symptoms (14.29 ± 6.73%).Liquor hypertension in adolescents with asthenoneurotic (15.00 ± 4.95%) and psychopathic (9.67 ± 2.81%) syndromes was more common.The statistical analysis indicated that violations of bioelectric properties of the brain with high seizure activity and dysfunction of the low stem structures and disorders of cerebral hemodynamics by dystonic type are risk factors for the formation of behavioral disorders in adolescents.Detection of neurophysiological disorders in adolescents is an informative diagnostic method of early signs of behavioral disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Repetitive behavior among autistic children 3–10 years old and a control group in Albania
Authors: Pilika Anita , Maksuti Pasho , Rama Deana , Murati Endri , Guga Greta , Shehu Armand , Simaku Artan 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAutism is a lifelong disability that impairs 3 main areas; communication skills, social interaction and behavioral patterns.ObjectivesTo investigate the repetitive behavior in autistic children 3–10 years old.AimsComparison of repetitive behavior between autistic children with a control group of clinically healthy children matched for age and sex.MethodsRepetitive Behavior Scale (RBS-R) questionnaire was translated, validated and provided to examine children (n = 70) in each group.ResultsChildren with autism show significant behavioral problems as compared to healthy children in all subscales and the full RBS-R. Results of the t-test for independent samples indicated a significant difference in mean score for the children with autism of age 3–6 year old (M = 53.1) and for control group (M = 11.9), t = −13.3, P < 0.01. Also, the mean score of children with autism of age 7–10 year old (M = 54.9) is significantly higher, compared to control group (M = 13.7), t = −12.2, P < 0.01.ConclusionThis comparison provides information on particular forms of repetitive behavior to further our understanding on these important symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.