bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special Considerations for Primary and Secondary Stroke Prevention in Women
Authors: Alrasheed Deema , Jaigobin Cheryl 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThere are gender differences in stroke in several areas. Overall, the incidence of stroke is greater in women because of the increased risk of stroke with increasing age and the longer life expectancy of women. However, gender-specific risk factors for stroke include hormonal changes during pregnancy and exogenous hormonal therapies. Also, cerebral venous thrombosis, thrombophilia, and migraine are more prevalent in women. These gender differences are the subject of this review.
The Impact of the Cosurgeon Model on Bilateral Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Hespe Geoffrey , Disa Joseph , McCarthy Colleen , Allen Robert , Dayan Joseph , Pusic Andrea , Mehrara Babak , Cordeiro Peter , Razdan Shantanu , Panchal Hina , Matros Evan 
Published: July 2017

Background Microsurgical breast reconstructions (MBRs) are time and labor intensive procedures. To circumvent these barriers, plastic surgeons have started working together as cosurgeons (CSs). This study aims to evaluate the impact of the CS model (CSM) specifically on bilateral MBR. The hypothesis is that CS procedures reduce operative time and surgical complications.
Study Design This was a single institutional retrospective cohort study, which included all consecutive patients who underwent bilateral MBR from 2014 to 2016. Patients were grouped into single surgeon (SS) or CSs based on the number of the attending plastic surgeons present. Demographic and clinical characteristics including age, body mass index, smoking, American Society of Anesthesiologist class, radiation, and the timing of the reconstruction were assessed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for outcomes including operative time and postoperative complications.
Results Of the 136 patients included in the study, 41% had breast reconstruction performed by CSs, whereas 59% had a SS. Sociodemographic features were evenly distributed with the exception of a greater number of delayed reconstructions in the SS group (33 vs. 13%; p <0.01). Pedicle TRAMS (transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps) were performed in 5 versus 0% of SS versus CS cases, respectively. Rates of major (4 vs. 16%) and minor (11 vs. 24%) complications were significantly lower in CS procedures. Multivariate analyses demonstrated CS operations required significantly shorter operative time by 73 minutes (p <0.001), and trended toward a reduced postoperative complication rate (p = 0.07).
Conclusion The CSM is associated with improved operative efficiency for bilateral MBR. Further evaluation of the CSM may prove useful in other surgical disciplines with time and labor intense procedures.
Role of Adjuvant Treatment in Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma
Authors: Abdelmeguid Ahmed , Kupferman Michael , Su Shirley , Raza Shaan , DeMonte Franco , Amit Moran , Tam Samantha , Hanna Ehab 
Published: July 2017

Purpose Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a locally aggressive tumor. This study aimed to define the role of adjuvant treatment and its association with survival outcomes of SNMM.
Methods This retrospective study investigated 152 patients with SNMM treated between 1991 and 2016 in MD Anderson Cancer Center. Patients were divided into the following treatment groups: surgery alone, surgery with postoperative radiotherapy (PORT), surgery with postoperative chemoradiation (POCRT), and induction chemotherapy followed by surgery and PORT. Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival, and relapse-free survival were compared. Survival between the groups was compared using univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results The median follow-up was 28 months (range: 2–220 months). Five-year OS rates were 39, 42, 47, and 27% for the surgery only, PORT, POCRT, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy groups, respectively (log rank p = 0.73). Distant metastasis was the most common form of treatment failure and occurred in 59 (39%) patients. Five-year distant metastasis rates were 51, 45, and 58% for patients treated with surgery alone, PORT, and POCRT, respectively (log rank p = 0.21) but unable to be estimated in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group due to low OS rates. Multivariate analysis demonstrated tumor site (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24–4.15) and smoking status (HR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.02–3.1) to be significant prognostic factors for survival.
Conclusion Tumor site and smoking status were significant prognosticators in SNMM. A high rate of distant metastatic disease suggests that further investigation into novel, systemic therapies is required to improve outcomes in this disease entity.
Effectiveness of Bilateral Inferior Petrosal Sinuses Sampling in Tumor Lateralization: Intraoperative Findings and Postoperative Results
Authors: Feo-Lee Oscar , Giraldo-Grueso Manuel , Puentes Juan , Harker Pablo 
Published: July 2017

Object Diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's disease (CD) is a demanding endeavor. We evaluated the effectiveness of inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) in preoperative tumor lateralization and surgical outcomes.
Methods Fifty-two consecutive patients with CD and normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were enrolled between 2009 and 2015. Selective catheterization of petrosal sinuses for IPSS was performed. All patients underwent microsurgical dissection, and if a lesion was found, underwent lesion resection. Demographic, biochemical, and intraoperative findings were prospectively collected and reviewed 6 and 12 months postoperatively.
Results Forty-five patients (86.4%) had clear lateralization while seven patients had bilateral elevation. Twenty-two patients (42%) were found to have a macroscopic lesion, defined as an abnormal tissue during microsurgical dissection, which was thus resected. No patient had a lesion larger than 4 mm. Eighty-one percent of patients had the lesion where IPSS had been predicted. Hemi-hypophysectomy was performed on twenty-eight patients based on IPSS findings, since no lesion was found. Eighty-six percent of patients with lesion resection had biochemical remission by 12 months. Biochemical remission was documented in 78 and 71% of patients who underwent hemi-hypophysectomy by 6 and 12 months, respectively.
Conclusion With careful microsurgical dissection, a macroscopic lesion could be found in a significant number of patients with normal MRI. When no lesion was found, we recommend performing a hemi-hypophysectomy based on IPSS findings, since prediction accuracy was high and remission rates were significant.
The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipid Profiles in Patients with Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Akbari Maryam , Mosazadeh Mahmood , Lankarani Kamran , Tabrizi Reza , Samimi Mansooreh , Karamali Maryam , Jamilian Mehri , Kolahdooz Fariba , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to summarize the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glucose homeostasis parameters and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes (GDM) patients. We conducted an electronic systematic search of MEDLINE, and 4 other research databases from inception to August 2016, in addition to performing hand searches and consulting with experts in the field. The index of heterogeneity between studies was determined using Cochran (Q) and I-squared tests. Given the existing heterogeneity between studies, a fix or random effect model was performed to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) for each variable by using inverse variance method and Cohen statistics. Six randomized clinical trials (187 subjects and 184 controls) were included. The results showed that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [SMD −0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), −1.14 to −0.18], homeostatic model assessment-B cell function (HOMA-B) (SMD −0.52; 95% CI, −0.79 to −0.25), LDL-cholesterol levels (SMD −0.33; 95% CI, −0.58 to −0.07), and significantly increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (SMD 0.73; 95% CI, 0.26 to 1.20). We found no beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, HbA1c, total-, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations. In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation may lead to an improvement in HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and LDL-cholesterol levels, but did not affect FPG, insulin, HbA1c, triglycerides, total- and HDL-cholesterol levels; however, vitamin D supplementation increased HOMA-B.
Maternal High-Fat Diet During Pregnancy and Lactation has Opposite Effects on Gonadal Expression of Leptin and Leptin Receptor in Rat Dams and Their Offspring
Authors: Rak Agnieszka , Hejmej Anna , Słupecka-Ziemilska Monika , Woliński Jaroslaw , Fiedor Elzbieta , Bilinska Barbara , Gregoraszczuk Ewa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of a high-fat (HF) diet on protein expression of leptin and its receptor in the gonads of dams and their offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed a HF diet (30% fat) or a standard breeding (BD) diet (5% fat) during pregnancy and lactation. At 21 days of lactation, mothers and both sexes of prepubertal offspring were killed by decapitation. The protein expression of leptin and its receptor was assayed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry in gonadal, periovarian, and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT). We demonstrated that leptin protein expression in ovary, and both leptin and ObRb expression in periovarian WAT was decreased in HF dams compared with BD animals. Immunohistochemistry showed lower leptin expression in growing antral follicles and corpora lutea of HF dams. Conversely, in both gonads and epididymal WAT of HF offspring, leptin and its receptor were significantly higher expressed compared with BD. Immunolocalization of leptin system in HF offspring gonads showed higher expression in growing and antral follicles of the ovary, seminiferous tubules, and interstitial tissue of testes. In conclusion, high gonadal and gonadal-WAT expression of leptin system was observed in the offspring of dams fed a HF diet during pregnancy and lactation.
Prevalence, Clinical Features, and Natural History of Incidental Clinically Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Iglesias Pedro , Arcano Karina , Triviño Vanessa , García-Sancho Paula , Díez Juan , Villabona Carles , Cordido Fernando 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and clinical features of incidentally discovered clinically non-functioning pituitary adenoma (CNFPA) and to analyze its natural history. A multicenter retrospective study in patients diagnosed with incidental CNFPA periodically followed-up in 3 specialized neuroendocrinology units from 1992 to 2015 was performed. Out of a total of 189 CNFPA patients, 57 cases (30.1%; 29 women; age at diagnosis 55.8±16.7 years) were incidental. Most patients (n=55, 96.5%) were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A sum of 71.9% (n=41) were macroadenomas; 2 of them (3.5%) were giant adenomas (≥4 cm). Patients with macroadenomas were older than those with microadenomas (59.5±16.7 vs. 46.4±18.1 years, p=0.007). Macroadenomas were more common in men (85.7% vs. 58.6%, p=0.023). Twenty-eight patients (49.1%) showed suprasellar extension; of these, 19 were accompanied by chiasmatic compression. Hypopituitarism was present in 14 (24.6%) patients; which was partial in 13 patients (22.8%) and complete in one patient (1.8%). The gonadal axis was the most frequently affected (n=13, 22.8%). Twenty four patients (42.1%) underwent surgery. Of the non-operated patients, 26 patients could be evaluated morphologically after a median follow-up of 15.5 months (interquartile range, 5.7–32.7 months). No significant changes were found in the maximum tumor diameter at the end of follow-up (1.2±0.6 vs 1.2±0.7 cm). The majority of CNFPAs evaluated (n=23, 88.5%) did not show any changes in size. In 2 cases (7.7%) tumor size decreased, and in one patient (3.8%) increased. In our series of CNFPA patients, approximately one-third were incidental. These tumors were diagnosed by MRI preferably from the 5th decade of life without sex predilection. Most of them were macroadenomas, more commonly diagnosed in men and at an older age, compared to microadenomas. The suprasellar extension with chiasmatic compression and hypopituitarism were frequent at diagnosis. Most of the non-operated incidental CNFPAs remain with stable tumor size over time, growth being an unusual event.
Phonetic analysis of filled pauses based on a Hungarian-English learner corpus
Authors: Gósy Mária , Gyarmathy Dorottya , Beke András 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFilled pauses may reveal speech planning or execution problems to a greater extent in L2 spontaneous speech than in L1. The purpose of this study was to analyze the forms and position of all filled pauses, and the durations and the formants of vocalic filled pauses in English (L2) and in Hungarian (L1) spontaneous speech produced by 30 young learners with various L2 proficiency levels using data from ourHunEng-Dlearner corpus. The findings showed that the forms of filled pauses were similar in both languages, irrespective of level of language proficiency. Results confirmed significantly longer vocalic filled pauses in basic and intermediate learners in their L2 relative to their more advanced peers. Formant values (as acoustic reflections of vowel quality) indicated very similar articulatory configurations for all vocalic filled pauses, irrespective of language and language proficiency.
Phonological development in different learning contexts
Authors: Gut Ulrike 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of learning context on the improvement of some L2 phonological parameters. Based on theLearning Prosody corpus(LeaP), it investigates the speech of 29 learners with various L1s who were recorded before and after either (i) a six to nine-month stay abroad, (ii) a six-month training course in the target language phonology or (iii) a stay abroad that included instruction in the L2 phonology. Quantitative corpus analyses were carried out on the learners’ vowel reduction, intonation and on their oral fluency. Results showed gains for all learner groups in pitch range, vowel reduction and fluency, but only one significant gain for the training course participants (group 2) as compared to the stay abroad groups. Qualitative corpus analyses revealed the pronounced variation across individual learners and suggest an intricate interplay between speaking styles and learning contexts.
Initiating side-sequenced vocabulary lessons
Authors: Kotani Mariko 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper uses conversation analysis to describe the sequence in which participants in ordinary conversations are sidetracked from the current topic to engage in the repair of a word and display their orientation to asymmetrical linguistic knowledge between them. The participants frame themselves as being in a more knowledgeable and a less knowledgeable position, and this asymmetry provides an opportunity for learning. The analysis of audio recordings of 12 naturally occurring conversations between first and second language users of English reveals that such side-sequenced vocabulary lessons are initiated using at least three methods: partial questioning repeats, explicitly asking the meaning of the word that was just used, and other-directed word searches. The study captures moments in which participants’ language expert and novice identities temporarily become relevant. It also demonstrates how participants alter their relative epistemic positions with each other and redefine the asymmetrical relationships moment by moment in interaction.
Powerful knowledge: insights from music's case
Authors: McPhail Graham J. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper examines Young and Muller's elaboration of Michael Young's concept of powerful knowledge and considers music's alignment with the characteristics theorised as distinguishing this type of knowledge. Consideration of the concept in relation to music may be timely as music teachers continue to grapple with the problem of knowing what knowledge to include within the parameters of a school curriculum. The concept of powerful knowledge may provide us with a fresh way of considering what school music may have to offer in such a noisy and musically heterogeneous world. This curricular challenge, however, is by no means unique to music, even though it may be exacerbated in music which is so open to the forces of cultural change. I argue that access to this knowledge occurs by placing abstract concepts at the centre of curriculum conception as the means to mediate the space between everyday knowledge and the more vertical discourse of school knowledge. It is in this ‘academic’ space that students can come to understand and utilise music as a form of powerful knowledge, when epistemic understanding illuminates the experiential and aesthetic dimensions of musical experiences.
Deep whole-genome sequencing of 90 Han Chinese genomes
Authors: Lan Tianming , Lin Haoxiang , Zhu Wenjuan , Laurent Tellier Christian Asker Melchior , Yang Mengcheng , Liu Xin , Wang Jun , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Xu Xun , Guo Xiaosen 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Next-generation sequencing provides a high-resolution insight into human genetic information. However, the focus of previous studies has primarily been on low-coverage data due to the high cost of sequencing. Although the 1000 Genomes Project and the Haplotype Reference Consortium have both provided powerful reference panels for imputation, low-frequency and novel variants remain difficult to discover and call with accuracy on the basis of low-coverage data. Deep sequencing provides an optimal solution for the problem of these low-frequency and novel variants. Although whole-exome sequencing is also a viable choice for exome regions, it cannot account for noncoding regions, sometimes resulting in the absence of important, causal variants. For Han Chinese populations, the majority of variants have been discovered based upon low-coverage data from the 1000 Genomes Project. However, high-coverage, whole-genome sequencing data are limited for any population, and a large amount of low-frequency, population-specific variants remain uncharacterized. We have performed whole-genome sequencing at a high depth (~×80) of 90 unrelated individuals of Chinese ancestry, collected from the 1000 Genomes Project samples, including 45 Northern Han Chinese and 45 Southern Han Chinese samples. Eighty-three of these 90 have been sequenced by the 1000 Genomes Project. We have identified 12 568 804 single nucleotide polymorphisms, 2 074 210 short InDels, and 26 142 structural variations from these 90 samples. Compared to the Han Chinese data from the 1000 Genomes Project, we have found 7 000 629 novel variants with low frequency (defined as minor allele frequency &lt; 5%), including 5 813 503 single nucleotide polymorphisms, 1 169 199 InDels, and 17 927 structural variants. Using deep sequencing data, we have built a greatly expanded spectrum of genetic variation for the Han Chinese genome. Compared to the 1000 Genomes Project, these Han Chinese deep sequencing data enhance the characterization of a large number of low-frequency, novel variants. This will be a valuable resource for promoting Chinese genetics research and medical development. Additionally, it will provide a valuable supplement to the 1000 Genomes Project, as well as to other human genome projects.
Multivariable and Bayesian Network Analysis of Outcome Predictors in Acute Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Review of a Pure Surgical Series in the Post-International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial Era
Authors: Zador Zsolt , Huang Wendy , Sperrin Matthew , Lawton Michael T 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Following the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT), evolving treatment modalities for acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has changed the case mix of patients undergoing urgent surgical clipping.

OBJECTIVE
To update our knowledge on outcome predictors by analyzing admission parameters in a pure surgical series using variable importance ranking and machine learning.

METHODS
We reviewed a single surgeon's case series of 226 patients suffering from aSAH treated with urgent surgical clipping. Predictions were made using logistic regression models, and predictive performance was assessed using areas under the receiver operating curve (AUC). We established variable importance ranking using partial Nagelkerke R2 scores. Probabilistic associations between variables were depicted using Bayesian networks, a method of machine learning.

RESULTS
Importance ranking showed that World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade and age were the most influential outcome prognosticators. Inclusion of only these 2 predictors was sufficient to maintain model performance compared to when all variables were considered (AUC = 0.8222, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7646-0.88 vs 0.8218, 95% CI: 0.7616-0.8821, respectively, DeLong's P = .992). Bayesian networks showed that age and WFNS grade were associated with several variables such as laboratory results and cardiorespiratory parameters.

CONCLUSION
Our study is the first to report early outcomes and formal predictor importance ranking following aSAH in a post-ISAT surgical case series. Models showed good predictive power with fewer relevant predictors than in similar size series. Bayesian networks proved to be a powerful tool in visualizing the widespread association of the 2 key predictors with admission variables, explaining their importance and demonstrating the potential for hypothesis generation.
Nanopore sequencing of full-lengthBRCA1mRNA transcripts reveals co-occurrence of known exon skipping events
Authors: de Jong Lucy C , Cree Simone , Lattimore Vanessa , Wiggins George AR , Spurdle Amanda B. ,   kConFab Investigators, Miller Allison , Kennedy Martin A , Walker Logan C 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLaboratory assays evaluating the effect of DNA sequence variants onBRCA1mRNA splicing may contribute to classification by providing molecular evidence. However, our knowledge of normal and aberrantBRCA1splicing events to date has been limited to data derived from assays targeting partial transcript sequences. For the first time, we resolve the exon structure of wholeBRCA1transcripts using MinION nanopore sequencing of long-range PCR amplicons. Our study identified 32BRCA1isoforms, including 18 novel isoforms which comprised skipping of multiple contiguous and/or non-contiguous exons. Furthermore, we show that knownBRCA1exon skipping events, such as Δ(9,10) and Δ21, can co-occur in a single transcript, with some isoforms containing four or more alternative splice junctions. Our results highlight complexity inBRCA1transcript structure that has not previously been described. This finding has key implications for predicting translation frame of splicing transcripts, important for interpreting the clinical significance of spliceogenic variants. Future research is warranted to quantitatively assess full lengthBRCA1transcript levels, and to assess the application of nanopore sequencing for routine evaluation of potential spliceogenic variants.