bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in receptive vocabulary from childhood to adulthood: associated mental health, education and employment outcomes
Authors: Armstrong Rebecca , Arnott Wendy , Copland David A. , McMahon Katie , Khan Asaduzzaman , Najman Jake M. , Scott James G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundPopulation‐based studies have found that early language delays are associated with poorer long‐term outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Few studies have explored the influence of change in language ability over time on adult outcomes.AimTo examine the educational, vocational and mental health outcomes for adults accounting for different vocabulary developmental profiles over a 16‐year period.Methods & ProceduresA total of 1914 participants of the Mater‐University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) were categorized into four groups based on their vocabulary skills at 5 and 21 years: (1) persistently good (n = 1679), (2) persistently poor (n = 33), (3) improved (n = 160), and (4) deteriorated (n = 42). The associations between vocabulary group and educational, vocational, and mental health outcomes at 21 years were investigated.Outcomes & ResultsAdults with deteriorated and persistently poor vocabulary skills were less likely to have completed secondary school; with the improved, deteriorated and persistently poor groups being less likely to be engaged in education, employment or training at the 21‐year follow‐up, compared with the persistently good group. Adults with deteriorated performance were at an increased risk of affective disorders, as well as substance and alcohol abuse/misuse.Conclusions & ImplicationsThese findings provide evidence that impaired vocabulary skills in adulthood, regardless of whether the deficit was acquired early or later, are associated with adverse outcomes. Clinicians and educators need to be aware of these adversities and ensure they are supporting children and adolescents in whom language difficulties exist or emerge so as to prevent poor long‐term outcomes from occurring.
The German Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS‐G): reliability and validity evidence
Authors: Neumann Sandra , Rietz Christian , Stenneken Prisca 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn 2012 the Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS) was published as a parent‐report screening assessment that considers parents’ perceptions of their children's functional intelligibility with a range of communication partners that differ in levels of authority and familiarity in real‐life situations. To date, the ICS has been translated into 60 languages (including German).AimsTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the German translation of the ICS ( = ICS‐G), especially its reliability and validity, using four objective measures of speech sound disorder (SSD) severity: percentage of consonants correct (PCC); percentage of initial consonants correct (PICC); percentage of vowels correct (PVC); and percentage of phonemes correct (PPC).Methods & ProceduresChildren who were typically developing (TD) and children with SSD (n = 181; 90 males, 81 females; mean age = 4.18 years, SD = 0.79 years, range = 3;0–5;11 years) were recruited through 13 kindergartens and 15 speech–language pathologists (SLPs) in Germany. All children's parents completed the ICS‐G. To obtain an insight into the severity of SSD (n = 30), children's speech skills were assessed with PLAKSS‐II. For the analysis of test–retest reliability the ICS‐G was re‐administered with a subsample of parents (n = 36) after 1 week.Outcomes & ResultsThe ICS‐G had high internal consistency (α = .95, p < .001) and high test–retest reliability (r = .998, p < .001). The ICS‐G total scores and item scores for both samples showed significant correlations, indicating good construct validity. Analyses revealed low but significant correlations with external factors (e.g., age, social class). Criterion validity was established through significant correlations between the ICS‐G and scores for PCC (r = .43), PICC (r = .43), PVC (r = .62) and PPC (r = .47). The discriminatory ability of the ICS‐G was indicated by significantly higher mean scores for the TD group (mean = 4.49, SD = 0.47) than the SSD group (mean = 3.97, SD = 0.63).Conclusions & ImplicationsThe overall good psychometric properties of the ICS‐G support its use by SLPs for clinical and research purposes with German‐speaking children.
Subsidence Analysis and Burial History of the Late Carboniferous to Early Jurassic Soutpansberg Basin, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: MALAZA Ntokozo , LIU Ken , ZHAO Baojin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe subsidence history of the Soutpansberg Basin was reconstructed by a tectonic subsidence analysis coupled with backstripping calculations based on data of newly interpreted sequence boundaries. Furthermore, burial and time plots were constructed in order to understand the burial and thermal history of the basin. Input data were based on facies, lithostratigraphic models and tectonic interpretations. The studied succession is up to 1000 m and is underlain by the Achaean Limpopo Mobile Belt. The subsidence within the basin supports the primary graben system which must have been centred within the present basins, and later became a region of faulting. The subsidence and burial history curves suggests two phases of rapid subsidence during the Early‐Late Permian (300–230 Ma) and Middle Triassic (215–230 Ma). The areas of greater extension subsided more rapidly during these intervals. Two slow subsidence phases are observed during the Late Triassic (215–198 Ma) and Early Jurassic (198–100 Ma). These intervals represent the post‐rift thermal subsidence and are interpreted as slow flexural subsidence. Based on these observations on the subsidence curves, it is possible to infer that the first stage of positive inflexion (300 Ma) is therefore recognised as the first stage of the Soutpansberg Basin formation.
Structure Styles of Mesozoic‐Cenozoic U‐bearing Rock Series in Northern China
Authors: JIN Ruoshi , MIAO Peisen , SIMA Xianzhang , LI Jianguo , ZHAO Hualei , ZHAO Fengqing , FEN Xiaoxi , CHEN Yin , CHEN Lulu , ZHAO Lijun , ZHU Qiang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn Northern China, sandstone‐type uranium (U) deposits are mostly developed in Mesozoic‐Cenozoic basins. These U deposits are usually hosted in unvarying horizons within the basins and exhibit typical U‐forming sedimentary associations, which is referred to as U‐bearing rock series. This study describes the structural features of U‐bearing rock series within the main Mesozoic‐Cenozoic U‐producing continental basins in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Russia in the western segment of the Central Asian Metallogenic Belt (CAMB), and Northern China in the eastern segment of the CAMB. We analyze the basic structural conditions and sedimentary environments of U‐bearing rock series in Northern China and classify their structural styles in typical basins into river valley, basin margin, and intrabasin uplift margin types. The intrabasin uplift margin structural style proposed in this study can be used to indicate directions for the exploration of sandstone‐type U deposits hosted in the center of a basin. At the same time, the study of structural style provides a new idea for exploring sandstone‐type U deposits in Mesozoic‐Cenozoic basins and it is of great significance to prospecting of sandstone‐type uranium deposits.
Laboratory Simulation of the Formation Process of Surface Geochemical Anomalies Applied to Hydrocarbon Exploration
Authors: WANG Guojian , TANG Yuping , CHENG Tongjin , TANG Junhong , FAN Ming , LU Li 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe formation mechanisms and processes of geochemical anomalies used as proxies in surface geochemistry exploration (SGE) have not been well understood. Previous studies cannot realize 3D measurement of microseeping hydrocarbons from reservoirs to the surface, which made it difficult to understand the features and pathways of deep hydrocarbon microseepages. Understanding the processes of hydrocarbon microseepages will contribute to the acceptance and effectiveness of surface geochemistry. Based on a simplified geological model of hydrocarbon microseepages, including hydrocarbon reservoir, direct caprock, overlying strata and Quaternary sediments, this work established a 3D experimental system to simulate the mechanisms and processes of deep hydrocarbon microseepes extending to the surface. The dispersive halos of microseeping hydrocarbons in the subsurface were adequately described by using this 3D experimental system. Results indicate that different migration patterns of hydrocarbons above the point gas source within the simulated caprock and overlying strata can be reflected by the ratio of i‐butane to n‐butane (i‐C4/n‐C4), which follow diffusion and infiltration (buoyancy) mechanisms. This is not the case for vertical measurement lines far from the point gas source. A vertical gas flow in the form of a plume was found during hydrocarbon microseepage. For sampling methods, the high‐density grid sampling is favorable for delineating prospecting targets. Hydrocarbon infiltration or buoyancy flow occurs in the zones of infiltration clusters, coupling with a diffusion mechanism at the top of the water table and forming surface geochemical anomalies. These results are significant in understanding hydrocarbon microseepage and interpreting SGE data.
Pain prevalence in hospitalized children: a prospective cross‐sectional survey in four Danish university hospitals
Authors: Walther‐Larsen S. , Pedersen M. T. , Friis S. M. , Aagaard G. B. , Rømsing J. , Jeppesen E. M. , Friedrichsdorf S. J. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundPain management in hospitalized children is often inadequate. The prevalence and main sources of pain in Danish university hospitals is unknown.MethodsThis prospective mixed‐method cross‐sectional survey took place at four university hospitals in Denmark. We enrolled 570 pediatric patients who we asked to report their pain experience and its management during the previous 24 hours. For patients identified as having moderate to severe pain, patient characteristics and analgesia regimes were reviewed.ResultsTwo hundred and thirteen children (37%) responded that they had experienced pain in the previous 24 hours. One hundred and thirty four (24%) indicated moderate to severe pain and 43% would have preferred an intervention to alleviate the pain. In children hospitalized for more than 24 hours, the prevalence of moderate/severe pain was significantly higher compared to children admitted the same day. The single most common painful procedure named by the children was needle procedures, such as blood draw and intravenous cannulation.ConclusionThis study reveals high pain prevalence in children across all age groups admitted to four Danish university hospitals. The majority of children in moderate to severe pain did not have a documented pain assessment, and evidence‐based pharmacological and/or integrative (‘non‐pharmacological’) measures were not systematically administered to prevent or treat pain. Thus, practice changes are needed.
Estrogen Receptors α and β Play Major Roles in Ethanol‐Evoked Myocardial Oxidative Stress and Dysfunction in Conscious Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Yao Fanrong , Abdel‐Rahman Abdel A. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundWe documented the dependence of ethanol (EtOH)‐evoked myocardial dysfunction on estrogen (E2), and our recent estrogen receptor (ER) blockade study, in proestrus rats, implicated ERα signaling in this phenomenon. However, a limitation of selective pharmacological loss‐of‐function approach is the potential contribution of the other 2 ERs to the observed effects because crosstalk exists between the 3 ERs. Here, we adopted a “regain”‐of‐function approach (using selective ER subtype agonists) to identify the ER subtype(s) required for unraveling the E2‐dependent myocardial oxidative stress/dysfunction caused by EtOH in conscious ovariectomized (OVX) rats.MethodsOVX rats received a selective ERα (PPT), ERβ (DPN), or GPER (G1) agonist (10 μg/kg; i.v.) or vehicle 30 minutes before EtOH (1.0 g/kg; infused i.v. over 30 minutes) or saline, and the hemodynamic recording continued for additional 60 minutes. Thereafter, left ventricular tissue was collected for conducting ex vivo molecular/biochemical studies.ResultsEtOH had no hemodynamic effects in OVX rats, but reduced the left ventricular contractility index, dP/dtmax, and MAP after acute ERα (PPT) or ERβ (DPN) activation. These responses were associated with increases in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and eNOS, and in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the myocardium. GPER activation (G1) only unraveled a modest EtOH‐evoked hypotension and elevation in myocardial ROS. PPT enhanced catalase, DPN reduced ALDH2, while G1 had no effect on the activity of either enzyme, and none of the agonists influenced alcohol dehydrogenase or CYP2E1 activities in the myocardium. Blood EtOH concentration (96.0 mg/dl) was significantly reduced following ERα (59.8 mg/dl) or ERβ (62.9 mg/dl), but not GPER (100.3 mg/dl), activation in EtOH‐treated OVX rats.ConclusionsERα and ERβ play major roles in the E2‐dependent myocardial dysfunction caused by EtOH by promoting combined accumulation of cardiotoxic (ROS and MDA) and cardiodepressant (NOS‐derived NO) molecules in female myocardium.
Agricultural production and children's diets: evidence from rural Ethiopia
Authors: Hirvonen Kalle , Hoddinott John 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe study the relationship between pre‐school children's food consumption and household agricultural production. Using a large household survey from rural Ethiopia, we find that increasing household production diversity leads to considerable improvements in children's dietary diversity. However, we also document how this nonseparability of consumption and production does not hold for households that have access to food markets. These findings imply that nutrition‐sensitive agricultural interventions that push for market integration are likely to be more effective in reducing under‐nutrition than those promoting production diversity.
Demand for a labor‐based drought insurance scheme in Ethiopia: a stated choice experiment approach
Authors: Tadesse Million A. , Alfnes Frode , Erenstein Olaf , Holden Stein T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIndex‐based weather insurance is increasingly used to manage weather‐related risks in smallholder agriculture. However, cash‐constrained smallholders often lack the resources to pay an insurance premium, which may undermine its wider adoption. This article investigates alternative insurance payment methods that may help to enhance the adoption of index‐based weather insurance. We use a choice experiment to elicit smallholders’ willingness to pay in cash or labor for index‐based weather insurance in four districts in the south‐central highlands of Ethiopia. The insurance schemes were created using a fractional factorial design with three factors: work, cash, and payout rate. We analyze the choice data using a random parameter mixed logit model. We find that the average participants need a subsidy to pay cash for insurance because their willingness to pay is less than the expected cost of the insurance. On average, they are willing to pay only 0.81 ETB (Ethiopian currency) to get an expected yearly payout of 1 ETB. However, most are willing to participate in work‐for‐insurance programs at lower daily wage rates than is common for other work programs in Ethiopia.
Sedimentary environment evolution in a marine hangingwall dipslope setting. El Qaa Fault Block, Suez Rift, Egypt
Authors: Muravchik Martin , Gawthorpe Rob L. , Sharp Ian R. , Rarity Franklin , Hodgetts David 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSedimentation in hangingwall dipslope settings is still a relatively underexplored topic in rift basin studies. A better understanding of the evolution of marine sedimentary environments in this kind of settings has to address the variations occurring both along the strike and down the dipslope. Previous work was mainly built on the analysis of subsurface data, relying on the visualization of coarse resolution (10s of m) seismic sections and sparsely located borehole logs (km apart). This study focuses on the sedimentology and stratal arrangement of excellent quality Miocene marine early syn‐rift and rift climax successions continuously exposed for more than 20 km along the strike of the hangingwall dipslope in the El Qaa Fault Block, Suez Rift, Egypt. The integration of traditional sedimentary field techniques and terrestrial LIDAR scanning allowed for a detailed analysis of dip and dip direction for the different depositional units. Three different phases of tilting were identified for the hangingwall dipslope, which controlled the overall evolution of the marine sedimentary environment in the area. The tilt of the hangingwall not only determined variations in facies, thickness and grain‐size of the deposits down the dipslope but also along its strike. The studied exposures of the El Qaa Fault Block dipslope constitute a unique outcrop analogue for marine sedimentation in hangingwall dipslopes.
Targeting human vasohibin‐2 by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody for anti‐cancer treatment
Authors: Koyanagi Takahiro , Suzuki Yasuhiro , Komori Kazuki , Saga Yasushi , Matsubara Shigeki , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Sato Yasufumi 
Published: December 2016

There are two members of the vasohibin (VASH) family, VASH1 and VASH2. VASH1 is expressed mainly in endothelial cells to inhibit angiogenesis, whereas VASH2 is expressed mainly in cancer cells to stimulate tumor growth. The aim of the present study was to establish neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) against human VASH2 and apply it as an anti‐cancer treatment. We previously raised mAb against several synthetic peptides of hVASH1, and found that one of them exhibited neutralizing activity against hVASH1. Because of the similarity in the amino acid sequences between VASH1 and VASH2, we hypothesized that they shared the bioactive center. When we mutated four amino acids within the region, the mutant VASH2 lost its pro‐angiogenic activity. Therefore, we raised mAb against a synthetic peptide overlapping the mutated amino acids of hVASH2, and isolated one clone (1760) that almost completely inhibited the stimulatory effect of hVASH2 on the migration of and tube formation by endothelial cells. When we used this clone 1760 antibody for cancer treatment, the peritoneal injection of it inhibited both tumor growth and angiogenesis in a mouse xenograft model of human cancer cells. In terms of anti‐tumor activity, 25 mg/kg of clone 1760 was equivalent to 5 mg/kg of bevacizmab. From these results, we propose the targeting of human VASH2 with neutralizing mAb as a new strategy for cancer treatment.
Synthesis of new pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives and evaluation of their anti‐inflammatory and anticancer activities
Authors: Abd El Razik Heba A. , Mroueh Mohamad , Faour Wissam H. , Shebaby Wassim N. , Daher Costantine F. , Ashour Hayam M. A. , Ragab Hanan M. 
Published: December 2016

This study reports the synthesis of two series of new purine bioisosteres comprising a pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine scaffold linked to piperazine moiety through different amide linkages. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for anticancer activity against four cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, SF‐268, B16F‐10) and cyclooxygenase (COX‐2) protein expression inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated rat monocytes. The results revealed that most of the synthesized compounds showed moderate‐to‐high cytotoxic activity against at least one cell line, with compound 10b being the most active against all used cell lines (IC50 values 5.5–11 μg/ml) comparable to cisplatin. In addition, six of these compounds (7b, 10a–d, and 12c) demonstrated inhibition of LPS‐induced COX‐2 protein expression at low concentration (25 μg/ml) as compared to the control non‐stimulated cells and showed a COX‐2 selectivity index range comparable to diclofenac sodium. The overall results indicate that many of these pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives possess in vitro anti‐inflammatory and anticancer activities at varying doses, and the most active compounds will be subjected to in vivo pharmacological evaluation.
The Development of Selective Copying: Children's Learning From an Expert Versus Their Mother
Authors: Lucas Amanda J. , Burdett Emily R. R. , Burgess Vanessa , Wood Lara A. , McGuigan Nicola , Harris Paul L. , Whiten Andrew 
Published: December 2016

This study tested the prediction that, with age, children should rely less on familiarity and more on expertise in their selective social learning. Experiment 1 (N = 50) found that 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds copied the technique their mother used to extract a prize from a novel puzzle box, in preference to both a stranger and an established expert. This bias occurred despite children acknowledging the expert model's superior capability. Experiment 2 (N = 50) demonstrated a shift in 7‐ to 8‐year‐olds toward copying the expert. Children aged 9–10 years did not copy according to a model bias. The findings of a follow‐up study (N = 30) confirmed that, instead, they prioritized their own—partially flawed—causal understanding of the puzzle box.
Socioeconomic position during life and periodontitis in adulthood: a systematic review
Authors: Schuch Helena Silveira , Peres Karen G. , Singh Ankur , Peres Marco A. , Do Loc G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSocioeconomic position (SEP) is a well‐known risk indicator for chronic periodontitis. However, it is still unclear how SEP during the life course influences periodontal outcomes in adulthood. This study aimed to systematically review longitudinal studies investigating the influence of individual‐level SEP during the life course on subsequent periodontitis in adulthood. Inclusion criteria were epidemiological longitudinal observational studies, in which indicators of relative SEP were assessed prior to clinical assessment of periodontitis. Six electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and ScieLO) were searched. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). The search identified 1720 papers. After removal of duplicates (n=697), title and abstract screening (n=996), and full‐text review (n=19), eight original manuscripts from seven studies were finally included. Sample sizes ranged from 167 to 2806, and the follow‐up time from exposure to outcome ranged from 2 to 28 years. Studies evaluated education, occupation or income as SEP indicators. Prevalence, extent and severity of periodontal attachment loss, probing pocket depth and alveolar bone loss were the studied outcomes. Based on NOS, studies presented low risk of bias. Six of eight papers reported that relatively low SEP earlier in life was associated with poorer periodontal health in adulthood. The available scientific evidence demonstrates potential longitudinal impact of earlier lower SEP on later periodontal health. The findings were consistent despite differences in study methods.