bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii PsbS Protein Is Functional and Accumulates Rapidly and Transiently under High Light
Authors: Tibiletti Tania , Auroy Pascaline , Peltier Gilles , Caffarri Stefano 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms must respond to excess light in order to avoid photo-oxidative stress. In plants and green algae the fastest response to high light is non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a process that allows the safe dissipation of the excess energy as heat. This phenomenon is triggered by the low luminal pH generated by photosynthetic electron transport. In vascular plants the main sensor of the low pH is the PsbS protein, while in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii LhcSR proteins appear to be exclusively responsible for this role. Interestingly, Chlamydomonas also possesses two PsbS genes, but so far the PsbS protein has not been detected and its biological function is unknown. Here, we reinvestigated the kinetics of gene expression and PsbS and LhcSR3 accumulation in Chlamydomonas during high light stress. We found that, unlike LhcSR3, PsbS accumulates very rapidly but only transiently. In order to determine the role of PsbS in NPQ and photoprotection in Chlamydomonas, we generated transplastomic strains expressing the algal or the Arabidopsis psbS gene optimized for plastid expression. Both PsbS proteins showed the ability to increase NPQ in Chlamydomonas wild-type and npq4 (lacking LhcSR3) backgrounds, but no clear photoprotection activity was observed. Quantification of PsbS and LhcSR3 in vivo indicates that PsbS is much less abundant than LhcSR3 during high light stress. Moreover, LhcSR3, unlike PsbS, also accumulates during other stress conditions. The possible role of PsbS in photoprotection is discussed.
Comparing Known and Reconstructed Circumstances of Death Involving a Blunt Force Trauma Mechanism through a Retrospective Analysis of 21 Skeletonized Individuals
Authors: Marinho Luísa , Cardoso Hugo F.V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLittle is known about to what extent the events surrounding death can be reliably reconstructed from blunt force trauma analysis alone. In this study, we reconstruct circumstances of death from a blind blunt force trauma analysis using a sample of 21 individuals of known death circumstances, obtained from two identified skeletal collections in Portugal. Fresh versus dry bone trauma and probable mechanism of fracture production were identified. The overall pattern of injuries was then used to reconstruct the most likely circumstances of death. Results show an agreement between the proposed and the reported circumstances for 13 individuals (68.4%), disagreement for 3 (15.8%), and similarity in 3 cases (15.8%). Although the significant amount of agreement highlights the potential of trauma analysis, the cases with disagreement draw attention to the pitfalls and shortcomings of attempting to reconstruct the death circumstances from skeletal trauma analysis alone.
Time to analgesia in an emergency department in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Rabin , Malla Gyanendra , Rai Bijendra Kumar , Curry Chris 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesNepal is a least developed country, with limited healthcare resources. An 18 month Fellowship in Emergency Medicine has contributed some improvements to care. This study assessed time to first analgesia in higher and lower acuity patients.MethodsA prospective observational study of 101 patients in each of the Australasian Triage Scale (ATS) 2, 3 and 100 in ATS 4 was undertaken at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Convenience sampling was used coinciding with researcher's duty hours. Pain scores and time to analgesia were recorded.ResultsA total of 302 patients were included. The doctors identified pain in 274 (90%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 86.74–93.65), severity recorded in 92 (30.5%, 95% CI 25–36). Median time from triage to analgesia was 30 min (interquartile range [IQR] 15–60) for ATS 2 patients, 60 min (IQR 40–70) for ATS 3 and 69 min (IQR 45–116) for ATS 4. Tramadol was the analgesic used most commonly (33%), followed by diclofenac (25%), morphine (16%), paracetamol (14%) and ketamine (2%). Analgesia was provided to 212 (70%, 95% CI 64.6–75.2), 65 (30.66%, 95% CI 24.5–37.3) with ATS 2, 85 (40%, 95% CI 33.4–47) with ATS 3 and 62 (29.2%, 95% CI 23.2–35.8) with ATS 4. A total of 44 patients (20.7%, 95% CI 15.5–26.8) with mild, 101 (47.6%, 95% CI 40.7–54.6) with moderate and 60 (28.3%, 95% CI 22.3–34.8) with severe pain received analgesics.ConclusionTime to analgesia for triage score 2 is lower compared to higher triage score. However, a large proportion of patients still do not receive analgesia. This is likely addressed by using a combination of strategies.
Genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in wildlife: disentangling the molecular epidemiology of a multi‐host pathogen
Authors: González‐Barrio David , Jado Isabel , Fernández‐de‐Mera Isabel G. , del Rocio Fernández‐Santos María , Rodríguez‐Vargas Manuela , García‐Amil Cristina , Beltrán‐Beck Beatriz , Anda Pedro , Ruiz‐Fons Francisco 
Published: June 2016

SummaryEvidences point to a relevant role of wildlife in the ecology of Coxiella burnetii worldwide. The lack of information on C. burnetii genotypes in wildlife prevents tracing‐back clinical animal and human Q fever cases with potential wildlife origin. To compare C. burnetii genotypes circulating in wildlife, livestock and humans, 107 samples from red deer, European wild rabbit, racoon, small mammals, goat and sheep were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot hybridization. Genomic groups I, II, VI and VII were found in wildlife and groups I, II, III and IV in domestic ruminants. Livestock genotypes clustered mainly with genotypes reported previously in livestock. Genotyping confirmed previous findings that suggest that C. burnetii may display host specificity since most genotypes of sympatric deer and rabbits clustered in separate groups. Wildlife genotypes clustered with genotypes from ticks and from acute hepatitis human Q fever cases, suggesting that particular C. burnetii genotypes circulating in a wildlife‐tick cycle may occasionally jump into humans through tick bites or exposure to wildlife. This finding could be behind the reported geographic variation in the clinical presentation of acute Q fever in humans in Spain: atypical pneumonia in the north and hepatitis in the south.
Elevated triglycerides are associated with decreased executive function among adolescents with bipolar disorder
Authors: Naiberg M. R. , Newton D. F. , Collins J. E. , Dickstein D. P. , Bowie C. R. , Goldstein B. I. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveCardiovascular risk factors that comprise metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been linked with cognition in adults with bipolar disorder (BD). This study examines the association between MetS components and executive function in adolescents with BD.MethodsA total of 34 adolescents with BD and 35 healthy control (HC) adolescents were enrolled. MetS components included triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein, glucose, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Executive functioning was measured using the intra–extra‐dimensional (IED) set‐shifting task from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery.ResultsAdolescents with BD were more likely to have ≥1 MetS components (64.7%) as compared to HC participants (22.9%, χ2 = 12.29, P = <0.001). Adolescents with BD also had poorer IED task performance compared to HC adolescents (composite Z‐score: 0.21 ± 0.52 vs. 0.49 ± 0.51, P = 0.011). Within the BD group, IED composite Z‐scores were correlated with diastolic blood pressure and triglyceride levels (ρ = −0.358, P = 0.041 and ρ = −0.396, P = 0.020 respectively). The association of triglycerides with executive function remained significant after controlling for age, IQ, and current use of second‐generation antipsychotics.ConclusionElevated triglycerides are associated with poorer executive function among adolescents with BD. Studies of behavioural and pharmacological interventions targeting MetS components for the purpose of improving executive function among adolescents with BD are warranted.
Association analysis between feed efficiency studies and expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide genes in laying ducks
Authors: Zeng T. , Chen L. , Du X. , Lai S. J. , Huang S. P. , Liu Y. L. , Lu L. Z. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryResidual feed intake (RFI) is now considered a more reasonable metric to evaluate animal feed efficiency. In this study, the correlation between RFI and other feed efficiency traits was investigated and gene expression within the hypothalamus was determined in low RFI (LRFI) and high RFI (HRFI) ducks. Further, several hypothalamic neuropeptide genes were measured using quantitative real‐time PCR. The mean feed intake value was 160 g/day, whereas the egg mass laid (EML) and body weight were approximately 62.4 g/day and 1.46 kg respectively. Estimates for heritability of RFI, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed intake were 0.26, 0.18 and 0.23 respectively. RFI is phenotypically positively correlated with feed intake and FCR (P < 0.01). The expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and neuropeptide Y receptor Y5 (NPY5R) mRNA was higher in HRFI ducks compared with LRFI ducks (P < 0.05), whereas that of proopiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) and cholecystokinin (CCK) was lower (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone 1 (luteinizing‐releasing hormone) (GNRH1) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) was unchanged between LRFI and HRFI ducks. The results indicate that selection for LRFI could reduce feed intake without significant changes in EML, whereas selection on FCR will increase EML.
Serum anti‐endothelial cell antibodies in patients with age‐related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal bevacizumab
Authors: Kubicka‐Trząska Agnieszka , Wilańska Joanna , Romanowska‐Dixon Bożena , Sanak Marek 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the prevalence and changes in circulating anti‐endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) during anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy.MethodsNinety‐eight patients with exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. Fifty sex‐ and age‐matched healthy subjects were used as controls. Serum AECA were detected using indirect immunofluorescence on primate skeletal muscle and cultivated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). These investigations were repeated at 4‐week intervals within 8 months of follow‐up.ResultsAt baseline examination, 30 of the 98 patients (30.6%) were positive for AECA. The titres of AECA ranged from 1:10 to 1:320. In the control group, AECA were present in only nine sera (18%) with titres ranging between 1:20 and 1:80 (p = 0.0000). The greatest rates of reduction of AECA titres were observed during the ‘loading’ phase of therapy. During the ‘maintenance’ phase, the rates of changes in serum AECA levels were less significant and remained constant. In follow‐up period in 13 patients (13.3%), serum AECA were detected de novo in titres of 1:10 to 1:80. Statistical analysis did not show any significant correlation between the presence of AECA and activity of the disease.ConclusionsThere is growing evidence that AMD is an immune‐mediated disease, and thus it cannot be excluded that AECA may be involved in its pathogenesis and progression. We also speculate that AECA develop in response to retinal damage and anti‐VEGF therapy.
Low plasma magnesium is associated with impaired brain metabolism in neonates with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Chakkarapani Elavazhagan , Chau Vann , Poskitt Kenneth J. , Synnes Anne , Kwan Eddie , Roland Elke , Miller Steven P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTo determine the association between lowest plasma magnesium concentration and brain metabolism, and whether magnetic resonance imaging brain injury patterns moderated the association in hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy.MethodsIn 131 early (day‐of‐life 3) and 65 late (day‐of‐life 10) scans of term encephalopathic infants born between 2004 and 2012, we examined the association of lowest plasma magnesium (until day‐of‐life 3) on basal ganglia and white matter peak metabolite ratios on magnetic resonance spectroscopy independent of covariates, stratified by the predominant patterns of injury (normal, basal nuclei/total, watershed, multifocal) using multiple linear regression.ResultsLowest plasma magnesium was associated with lower white matter N‐acetyl‐aspartate/choline in the multifocal pattern on early scan (regression‐coefficient, β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.22) and in the basal nuclei/total pattern on late scan (β: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.15), and was negatively associated with basal ganglia lactate/N‐acetyl‐aspartate (β: −0.16; 95% CI: −0.05, −0.28) and lactate/choline (β: −0.1; 95% CI: −0.03, −0.17) ratio in the basal nuclei/total pattern on late scan independent of hypomagnesaemia correction, cooling and postmenstrual age at scan. Lowest plasma magnesium was not associated with metabolite ratios in other brain injury patterns.ConclusionIn infants with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy, predominant patterns of brain injury moderated the association between lowest plasma magnesium in the first three days of life and impaired brain metabolism.
Multiple myeloma and family history of lymphohaematopoietic cancers: Results from the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium
Authors: Schinasi Leah H. , Brown Elizabeth E. , Camp Nicola J. , Wang Sophia S. , Hofmann Jonathan N. , Chiu Brian C. , Miligi Lucia , Beane Freeman Laura E. , de Sanjose Silvia , Bernstein Leslie , Monnereau Alain , Clavel Jacqueline , Tricot Guido J. , Atanackovic Djordje , Cocco Pierluigi , Orsi Laurent , Dosman James A. , McLaughlin John R. , Purdue Mark P. , Cozen Wendy , Spinelli John J. , de Roos Anneclaire J. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryFamily clusters of multiple myeloma (MM) suggest disease heritability. Nevertheless, patterns of inheritance and the importance of genetic versus environmental risk factors in MM aetiology remain unclear. We pooled data from eleven case‐control studies from the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium to characterize the association of MM risk with having a first‐degree relative with a history of a lympho‐haematapoietic cancer. Unconditional logistic regression models, adjusted for study, sex, age and education level, were used to estimate associations between MM risk and having a first‐degree relative with a history of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukaemia or MM. Sex, African American race/ethnicity and age were explored as effect modifiers. A total of 2843 cases and 11 470 controls were included. MM risk was elevated in association with having a first‐degree relative with any lympho‐haematapoietic cancer (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1·29, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1·08–1·55). The association was particularly strong for having a first‐degree relative with MM (OR = 1·90, 95% CI: 1·26–2·87), especially among men (OR = 4·13, 95% CI: 2·17–7·85) and African Americans (OR = 5·52, 95% CI: 1·87–16·27).These results support the hypothesis that genetic inheritance plays a role in MM aetiology. Future studies are warranted to characterize interactions of genetic markers with environmental exposures.
Spectral Processing of Tangential Vector Fields
Authors: Brandt Christopher , Scandolo Leonardo , Eisemann Elmar , Hildebrandt Klaus 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe propose a framework for the spectral processing of tangential vector fields on surfaces. The basis is a Fourier‐type representation of tangential vector fields that associates frequencies with tangential vector fields. To implement the representation for piecewise constant tangential vector fields on triangle meshes, we introduce a discrete Hodge–Laplace operator that fits conceptually to the prominent cotan discretization of the Laplace–Beltrami operator. Based on the Fourier representation, we introduce schemes for spectral analysis, filtering and compression of tangential vector fields. Moreover, we introduce a spline‐type editor for modelling of tangential vector fields with interpolation constraints for the field itself and its divergence and curl. Using the spectral representation, we propose a numerical scheme that allows for real‐time modelling of tangential vector fields.
Five‐year retrospective study on success, survival and incidence of complications of single crowns supported by dental implants
Authors: Tey Valerie H. S. , Phillips Rachel , Tan Ken 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the survival and the incidence of biologic and technical complications of implant‐supported single crowns after 5 years of function.Material and methodsPatients treated with dental implants at the National Dental Centre, Singapore, from 2006 to 2010 were recruited from the Implant Registry and evaluated by two clinicians. One hundred and ninety‐four patients, with 266 implant single crowns (SCs), were examined clinically for biologic and technical parameters. Digital radiographs were also obtained. Failure and complication rates were calculated based on the person‐time at risk.ResultsThe mean biologic time in function was 5.9 ± 1.3 years. None of the implants had been lost, resulting in a 5‐year survival of 100%. The corresponding success (complication‐free) rate was 92.9% (95% CI: 89.2, 95.4). The mean prosthetic time in function was 5.2 ± 1.5 years, with a 5‐year survival of implant‐supported SCs of 98.2% (95% CI: 95.8, 99.3). The corresponding success rate was 88.9% (95% CI: 84.8, 92.0). The 5‐year incidence of biologic complications, defined as PPD ≥6 mm with bleeding on probing/suppuration, in the presence of ≥2.5 mm of radiographic bone loss, was 7.1% (95% CI: 4.6, 10.9). The 5‐year incidence of technical complications was 6.5% (95% CI: 3.9, 10.7) for fracture of the veneering material, 4.3% (95% CI: 2.4, 7.7) for loss of retention, 2.1% (95% CI: 1.0, 4.7) for abutment screw loosening and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1, 2.5) for abutment fracture.ConclusionsHigh survival rates (98.4%) for both the single tooth implants and the respective single crowns were demonstrated after 5.2 ± 1.5 years. However, the success rates were considerably lower (84.9%), indicating that biologic and technical complications were frequent.
Increased prevalence and risk of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight and obese patients with Type 2 diabetes in South China
Authors: Yi M. , Chen R.‐P. , Yang R. , Chen H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsTo investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight and obese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsWe recruited patients with Type 2 diabetes with a BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2, who visited the diabetes clinics of 60 hospitals in 21 cities in Guangdong Province, China from August 2011 to March 2012. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests and abdominal ultrasonography were performed for all the patients.ResultsThe study included 3861 patients (1860 men) with a mean ± sd (range) age of 58.91 ± 13.06 (18–90) years. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease was found in 1751 patients (45.4%), with a significantly higher prevalence among men than women (48.0 vs 42.9%). The peak of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence was in patients with a BMI of 34–35 kg/m2, those with a triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio of 5.5–6.0, men aged < 30 years and women aged 40–50 years. Assessment using the BARD (BMI, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio, diabetes) score system showed that the prevalence of advanced fibrosis was 80.52% in all patients and that women had a higher prevalence than men (86.52 vs 74.16%). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that dyslipidaemia, BMI and 2‐h postprandial plasma glucose were independent risk factors for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, while heart rate and female gender were protective factors.ConclusionThe prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight and obese patients with Type 2 diabetes in South China is high. Multiple metabolic disorders were significantly associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight and obese patients with Type 2 diabetes.
When neutral turns significant: brain dynamics of rapidly formed associations between neutral stimuli and emotional contexts
Authors: Ventura‐Bort Carlos , Löw Andreas , Wendt Julia , Dolcos Florin , Hamm Alfons O. , Weymar Mathias 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe ability to associate neutral stimuli with motivationally relevant outcomes is an important survival strategy. In this study, we used event‐related potentials (ERPs) to investigate brain dynamics of associative emotional learning when participants were confronted with multiple heterogeneous information. Participants viewed 144 different objects in the context of 144 different emotional and neutral background scenes. During each trial, neutral objects were shown in isolation and then paired with the background scene. All pairings were presented twice to compare ERPs in response to neutral objects before and after single association. After single pairing, neutral objects previously encoded in the context of emotional scenes evoked a larger P100 over occipital electrodes compared to objects that were previously paired with neutral scenes. Likewise, larger late positive potentials (LPPs) were observed over parieto‐occipital electrodes (450–750 ms) for objects previously associated with emotional relative to neutral contexts. The LPP – but not P100 – enhancement was also related to subjective object/context binding. Taken together, our ERP data provide evidence for fast emotional associative learning, as reflected by heightened perceptual and sustained elaborative processing for neutral information previously encountered in emotional contexts. These findings could assist in understanding binding mechanisms in stress and anxiety, as well as in addiction and eating‐related disorders.
Orexin‐A increases the activity of globus pallidus neurons in both normal and parkinsonian rats
Authors: Xue Yan , Yang Yu‐Ting , Liu Hong‐Yun , Chen Wen‐Fang , Chen An‐Qi , Sheng Qing , Chen Xin‐Yi , Wang Ying , Chen Hua , Liu Hong‐Xia , Pang Ya‐Yan , Chen Lei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOrexin is a member of neuropeptides which was first identified in the hypothalamus. The globus pallidus is a key structure in the basal ganglia, which is involved in both normal motor function and movement disorders. Morphological studies have shown the expression of both OX1 and OX2 receptors in the globus pallidus. Employing single unit extracellular recordings and behavioural tests, the direct in vivo electrophysiological and behavioural effects of orexin‐A in the globus pallidus were studied. Micro‐pressure administration of orexin‐A significantly increased the spontaneous firing rate of pallidal neurons. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between orexin‐A induced excitation and the basal firing rate. Furthermore, application of the specific OX1 receptor antagonist, SB‐334867, decreased the firing rate of pallidal neurons, suggesting that endogenous orexinergic systems modulate the firing activity of pallidal neurons. Orexin‐A increased the excitability of pallidal neurons through both OX1 and OX2 receptors. In 6‐hydroxydopamine parkinsonian rats, orexin‐A‐induced increase in firing rate of pallidal neurons was stronger than that in normal rats. Immunostaining revealed positive OX1 receptor expression in the globus pallidus of both normal and parkinsonian rats. Finally, postural test showed that unilateral microinjection of orexin‐A led to contralateral deflection in the presence of systemic haloperidol administration. Further elevated body swing test revealed that pallidal orexin‐A and SB‐334867 induced contralateral‐biased swing and ipsilateral‐biased swing respectively. Based on the electrophysiological and behavioural findings of orexin‐A in the globus pallidus, the present findings may provide a rationale for the pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson's disease.