bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in adolescents – Experience from an Australian perinatal centre
Authors: Daniels Samuel , Robson Danielle , Flatley Christopher , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundAdolescent pregnancy is defined as pregnancy in girls aged 10–19 years and can be associated with increased risks.AimTo investigate obstetric and perinatal outcomes in a cohort of adolescent girls from a major Australian tertiary centre.Materials and MethodsThis was a nine‐year retrospective cohort study of women who birthed at the Mater Mother's Hospital (MMH) in Brisbane, Australia between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2015. The adolescent cohort was aged <19 years and the control group was aged 20–24 years.ResultsOver the study period the total study cohort comprised 8904 women. Of these, the adolescent cohort consisted of 1625 girls (18.2%) and the control group consisted of 7279 women (81.8%). Adolescents were more likely to be nulliparous, single, of Indigenous ethnicity or to have refugee status. They had higher rates of smoking, asthma, diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease. They were more likely to have an uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery but were less likely to have an intact perineum and had higher rates of pre‐term delivery and low birth weight babies. There were no differences in rates of postpartum haemorrhage.ConclusionsTeenage pregnancy results in poorer obstetric and perinatal outcomes. A focus on optimising maternal health care and providing culturally appropriate antenatal and intrapartum care is imperative to improving outcomes.
Research on potential biomarker correlates for suicidal behavior: A review
Authors: Kim Sangha , Lee Kyoung‐Uk 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSuicide is a world health priority. Studies over the last few decades have revealed the complexity underlying the neurobiological mechanisms of suicide. Researchers have found dysregulations in the serotonergic system, the stress system, neural plasticity, lipid metabolism, and cell signaling pathways in relation to suicidal behaviors. These findings have provided more insight into the final path leading to suicide, at which medical intervention should be applied to prevent the action. However, because these molecular mechanisms have been implicated in both depression and suicide, the specificity of the mechanisms has been obscured. In this review, we summarize the main findings of studies on molecular mechanisms of suicidal behavior from the last 2 decades, with particular emphasis on the potential, independent role of each mechanism that is not contingent upon an underlying psychopathology, such as depression. The act of suicide is multifactorial; no single molecular mechanism is sufficient to fully account for the act. Knowledge of the reciprocal interactions among these molecular mechanisms and studying them in the context of brain circuitry by using neuroimaging techniques will provide a better understanding of the neurobiology of suicide.
Introspection Plays an Early Role in Children's Explicit Theory of Mind Development
Authors: Gonzales Christopher R. , Fabricius William V. , Kupfer Anne S. 
Published: June 2017

This study assessed children's (N = 236) ability to introspect the mental states ofseeingandknowingrelative to their ability to attribute each state to others. Children could introspectseeing10 months before they could introspectknowing. Two‐ and 3‐year‐olds correctly reported their ownseeingstates, whereas 3‐ and 4‐year‐olds correctly reported their ownknowingstates. For each mental state, there was a 7‐month difference before children could correctly attribute that state to another. These findings indicate thatknowingis more difficult to introspect thanseeingand that the ability to introspect each mental state emerges prior to the ability to correctly attribute them to others. Theoretical implications for self–other differences in theory‐of‐mind development are considered.
European diabetes research and its funding, 2002–2013
Authors: Begum M. , Lewison G. , Sommariva S. , Ciani O. , Tarricone R. , Sullivan R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThis study examined the outputs of research papers in diabetes from 31 European countries between 2002 and 2013, and their funding.MethodsDiabetes research papers in the Web of Science were identified by means of a filter based on journals and title words. For 2009–2013 papers, the funders were coded to show their sector and nationality.ResultsEurope published 40 547 diabetes papers in the 12 years between 2002 and 2013. Denmark, Sweden and Finland published the most relative to their wealth, but the UK published the most absolutely despite an apparently low burden (as measured by disability‐adjusted life years). The largest source of funding was government (30%), followed by the non‐profit sector (18%) and industry (13%). The European Commission supported 2.7% of papers, but more in Latvia (33%) and Estonia (16%). Based on an estimated cost per paper of €260 000, the annual research expenditure in Europe was approximately €986 million in 2013.ConclusionsThe European diabetes burden in disability‐adjusted life years increased by one third between 2002 and 2012, but its output of research papers has decreased from 44% to 36% of the world total. This decrease needs to be reviewed in the context of European non‐communicable disease research policy.
Prepregnancy overweight and obesity are associated with impaired child neurodevelopment
Authors: Widen Elizabeth Marie , Kahn Linda Gross , Cirillo Piera , Cohn Barbara , Kezios Katrina Lynn , Factor‐Litvak Pam 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe authors examined the relationship of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with child neurodevelopment. Mother–child dyads were a subgroup (n = 2,084) of the Child Health and Development Studies from the Oakland, California, area enrolled during pregnancy from 1959 to 1966 and followed at child age 9 years. Linear regression was used to examine associations between prepregnancy BMI, GWG, and standardized Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and Raven Progressive Matrices scores and to evaluate effect modification of GWG by prepregnancy BMI. Before pregnancy, 77% of women were normal weight, 8% were underweight, 11% were overweight, and 3% were obese. Associations between GWG and child outcomes did not vary by prepregnancy BMI, suggesting no evidence for interaction. In multivariable models, compared to normal prepregnancy BMI, prepregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with lower Peabody scores (b: −1.29; 95% CI [−2.6, −0.04] and b: −2.7; 95% CI [−5.0, −0.32], respectively). GWG was not associated with child Peabody score [b: −0.03 (95% CI: −0.13, 0.07)]. Maternal BMI and GWG were not associated with child Raven score (all P >0.05). Maternal prepregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with lower scores for verbal recognition in mid‐childhood. These results contribute to evidence linking maternal BMI with child neurodevelopment. Future research should examine the role of higher prepregnancy BMI values and the pattern of pregnancy weight gain in child cognitive outcomes.
Inequality and public debt: A positive analysis
Authors: Arawatari Ryo , Ono Tetsuo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study extends the multi‐country, politico‐economic model of fiscal policy to incorporate wage inequality within each country. In this extended framework, we present conflict over fiscal policy within and across generations and show that a low‐inequality country realizes tight fiscal policy with low public debt accumulation, whereas a high‐inequality country experiences loose fiscal policy with high public debt. This model prediction is consistent with empirical evidence from OECD countries for the years 1980 to 2010.
Cost of Preliminaries of Construction Projects for Civil Infrastructure Works in Malaysia
Authors: Abas Abdul Aziz , Ismail Zulhabri , Ismail Faridah , Arshad Ruslan Affendy 
Published: June 2017

The preliminaries bill for quantities of a construction project provides general information, mandatory instructions, and setup running costs for a construction contract period. The bill is crucial and arbitrary in nature. The aim of this study is to verify the percentage difference between preliminaries of building and civil infrastructure works. The objective is to assist players in the construction industry to differentiate the preliminaries percentage between both types of civil works. As such, the decision maker would be able to make a more reliable budget allocation, particularly for the civil infrastructure project. 25 tender evaluation documents from six civil infrastructure tender evaluation exercises were analysed. The average preliminaries were derived based on the qualitative method using content analysis. The preliminaries for building works established by previous researchers and civil infrastructure derived from this study were compared to verify any significant deviation. The statistical analyses using Boussabaine's and standard deviation were compared to establish the most reliable result. The study concludes that the preliminaries of civil infrastructure works are between 3.26% and 6.38% as compared to that of building works between 3.60% and 7.94%. Consequently, the preliminaries of civil infrastructure work are lower up to 16.5% as compared to the building work. Despite the differences, average preliminaries are higher than 3% but not exceeding 10% of the tender sum for both types of construction works. Thus, the findings provided significant updates for the Malaysian construction industry.
Regular aerobic exercise reduces endothelin‐1‐mediated vasoconstrictor tone in overweight and obese adults
Authors: Dow Caitlin A. , Stauffer Brian L. , Brunjes Danielle L. , Greiner Jared J. , DeSouza Christopher A. 
Published: June 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does aerobic exercise training reduce endothelin‐1 (ET‐1)‐mediated vasoconstrictor tone in overweight/obese adults? And, if so, does lower ET‐1 vasoconstriction underlie the exercise‐related enhancement in endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation in overweight/obese adults?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Regular aerobic exercise reduces ET‐1‐mediated vasoconstrictor tone in previously sedentary overweight/obese adults, independent of weight loss. Decreased ET‐1 vasoconstriction is an important mechanism underlying the aerobic exercise‐induced improvement in endothelium‐dependent vasodilator function in overweight/obese adults.

Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1)‐mediated vasoconstrictor tone is elevated in overweight and obese adults, contributing to vasomotor dysfunction and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Although the effects of habitual aerobic exercise on endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation in overweight/obese adults have been studied, little is known regarding ET‐1‐mediated vasoconstriction. Accordingly, the aims of the present study were to determine the following: (i) whether regular aerobic exercise training reduces ET‐1‐mediated vasoconstrictor tone in overweight and obese adults; and, if so, (ii) whether the reduction in ET‐1‐mediated vasoconstriction contributes to exercise‐induced improvement in endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation in this population. Forearm blood flow (FBF) in response to intra‐arterial infusion of selective ETA receptor blockade (BQ‐123, 100 nmol min−1 for 60 min), acetylcholine [4.0, 8.0 and 16.0 μg (100 ml tissue)−1 min−1] in the absence and presence of ETA receptor blockade and sodium nitroprusside [1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 μg (100 ml tissue)−1 min−1] were determined before and after a 3 month aerobic exercise training intervention in 25 (16 men and nine women) overweight/obese (body mass index 30.1 ± 0.5 kg m−2) adults. The vasodilator response to BQ‐123 was significantly lower (∼25%) and the FBF responses to acetylcholine were ∼35% higher after exercise training. Before the exercise intervention, the co‐infusion of acetylcholine plus BQ‐123 resulted in a greater vasodilator response than acetylcholine alone; however, after the exercise intervention the FBF response to acetylcholine was not significantly increased by ETA receptor blockade. These results demonstrate that regular aerobic exercise reduces ET‐1‐mediated vasoconstrictor tone in previously sedentary overweight and obese adults. Moreover, decreased ET‐1‐mediated vasoconstriction is an important mechanism underlying the aerobic exercise‐induced improvement in endothelium‐dependent vasodilator function in overweight/obese adults.
Sensitivity of neurons in the middle temporal area of marmoset monkeys to random dot motion
Authors: Chaplin Tristan A. , Allitt Benjamin J. , Hagan Maureen A. , Price Nicholas S. C. , Rajan Ramesh , Rosa Marcello G. P. , Lui Leo L. 
Published: June 2017

Neurons in the middle temporal area (MT) of the primate cerebral cortex respond to moving visual stimuli. The sensitivity of MT neurons to motion signals can be characterized by using random-dot stimuli, in which the strength of the motion signal is manipulated by adding different levels of noise (elements that move in random directions). In macaques, this has allowed the calculation of “neurometric” thresholds. We characterized the responses of MT neurons in sufentanil/nitrous oxide-anesthetized marmoset monkeys, a species that has attracted considerable recent interest as an animal model for vision research. We found that MT neurons show a wide range of neurometric thresholds and that the responses of the most sensitive neurons could account for the behavioral performance of macaques and humans. We also investigated factors that contributed to the wide range of observed thresholds. The difference in firing rate between responses to motion in the preferred and null directions was the most effective predictor of neurometric threshold, whereas the direction tuning bandwidth had no correlation with the threshold. We also showed that it is possible to obtain reliable estimates of neurometric thresholds using stimuli that were not highly optimized for each neuron, as is often necessary when recording from large populations of neurons with different receptive field concurrently, as was the case in this study. These results demonstrate that marmoset MT shows an essential physiological similarity to macaque MT and suggest that its neurons are capable of representing motion signals that allow for comparable motion-in-noise judgments. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report the activity of neurons in marmoset MT in response to random-dot motion stimuli of varying coherence. The information carried by individual MT neurons was comparable to that of the macaque, and the maximum firing rates were a strong predictor of sensitivity. Our study provides key information regarding the neural basis of motion perception in the marmoset, a small primate species that is becoming increasingly popular as an experimental model.
The cerebellum does more than sensory prediction error-based learning in sensorimotor adaptation tasks
Authors: Butcher Peter A. , Ivry Richard B. , Kuo Sheng-Han , Rydz David , Krakauer John W. , Taylor Jordan A. 
Published: June 2017

Individuals with damage to the cerebellum perform poorly in sensorimotor adaptation paradigms. This deficit has been attributed to impairment in sensory prediction error-based updating of an internal forward model, a form of implicit learning. These individuals can, however, successfully counter a perturbation when instructed with an explicit aiming strategy. This successful use of an instructed aiming strategy presents a paradox: In adaptation tasks, why do individuals with cerebellar damage not come up with an aiming solution on their own to compensate for their implicit learning deficit? To explore this question, we employed a variant of a visuomotor rotation task in which, before executing a movement on each trial, the participants verbally reported their intended aiming location. Compared with healthy control participants, participants with spinocerebellar ataxia displayed impairments in both implicit learning and aiming. This was observed when the visuomotor rotation was introduced abruptly ( experiment 1) or gradually ( experiment 2). This dual deficit does not appear to be related to the increased movement variance associated with ataxia: Healthy undergraduates showed little change in implicit learning or aiming when their movement feedback was artificially manipulated to produce similar levels of variability ( experiment 3). Taken together the results indicate that a consequence of cerebellar dysfunction is not only impaired sensory prediction error-based learning but also a difficulty in developing and/or maintaining an aiming solution in response to a visuomotor perturbation. We suggest that this dual deficit can be explained by the cerebellum forming part of a network that learns and maintains action-outcome associations across trials. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Individuals with cerebellar pathology are impaired in sensorimotor adaptation. This deficit has been attributed to an impairment in error-based learning, specifically, from a deficit in using sensory prediction errors to update an internal model. Here we show that these individuals also have difficulty in discovering an aiming solution to overcome their adaptation deficit, suggesting a new role for the cerebellum in sensorimotor adaptation tasks.
Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults With Blood Pressure <140/90 mm Hg
Authors: Tajeu Gabriel S. , Booth John N. , Colantonio Lisandro D. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Howard George , Lackland Daniel T. , O’Brien Emily C. , Oparil Suzanne , Ravenell Joseph , Safford Monika M. , Seals Samantha R. , Shimbo Daichi , Shea Steven , Spruill Tanya M. , Tanner Rikki M. , Muntner Paul 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Data from before the 2000s indicate that the majority of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events occur among US adults with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) ≥140/90 mm Hg. Over the past several decades, BP has declined and hypertension control has improved.

Methods:
We estimated the percentage of incident CVD events that occur at SBP/DBP <140/90 mm Hg in a pooled analysis of 3 contemporary US cohorts: the REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke), the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), and the JHS (Jackson Heart Study) (n=31 856; REGARDS=21 208; MESA=6779; JHS=3869). Baseline study visits were conducted in 2003 to 2007 for REGARDS, 2000 to 2002 for MESA, and 2000 to 2004 for JHS. BP was measured by trained staff using standardized methods. Antihypertensive medication use was self-reported. The primary outcome was incident CVD, defined by the first occurrence of fatal or nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, or heart failure. Events were adjudicated in each study.

Results:
Over a mean follow-up of 7.7 years, 2584 participants had incident CVD events. Overall, 63.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.9−71.1) of events occurred in participants with SBP/DBP <140/90 mm Hg; 58.4% (95% CI, 47.7−69.2) and 68.1% (95% CI, 60.1−76.0) among those taking and not taking antihypertensive medication, respectively. The majority of events occurred in participants with SBP/DBP <140/90 mm Hg among those <65 years of age (66.7%; 95% CI, 60.5−73.0) and ≥65 years of age (60.3%; 95% CI, 51.0−69.5), women (61.4%; 95% CI, 49.9−72.9) and men (63.8%; 95% CI, 58.4−69.1), and for whites (68.7%; 95% CI, 66.1−71.3), blacks (59.0%; 95% CI, 49.5−68.6), Hispanics (52.7%; 95% CI, 45.1−60.4), and Chinese-Americans (58.5%; 95% CI, 45.2−71.8). Among participants taking antihypertensive medication with SBP/DBP <140/90 mm Hg, 76.6% (95% CI, 75.8−77.5) were eligible for statin treatment, but only 33.2% (95% CI, 32.1−34.3) were taking one, and 19.5% (95% CI, 18.5−20.5) met the SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) eligibility criteria and may benefit from a SBP target goal of 120 mm Hg.

Conclusions:
Although higher BP levels are associated with increased CVD risk, in the modern era, the majority of incident CVD events occur in US adults with SBP/DBP <140/90 mm Hg. While absolute risk and cost-effectiveness should be considered, additional CVD risk-reduction measures for adults with SBP/DBP <140/90 mm Hg at high risk for CVD may be warranted.
Differential Reflectivity Calibration and Antenna Temperature
Authors: Hubbert J. C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTemporal differential reflectivity bias variations are investigated using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar (S-Pol). Using data from the Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera-Ready (MASCRAD) Experiment, S-Pol measurements over extended periods reveal a significant correlation between the ambient temperature at the radar site and the bias. Using radar scans of the sun and the ratio of cross-polar powers, the components of the radar that cause the variation of the bias are identified. It is postulated that the thermal expansion of the antenna is likely the primary cause of the observed bias variation. The cross-polar power (CP) calibration technique, which is based on the solar and cross-polar power measurements, is applied to data from the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field project. The bias from the CP technique is compared to vertical-pointing bias measurements, and the uncertainty of the bias estimates is given. An algorithm is derived to correct the radar data for the time- and temperature-varying bias. Bragg scatter measurements are used to corroborate the CP technique bias measurements.
Laparotomy site implantation metastasis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater
Authors: Radojkovic Milan , Gligorijevic Jasmina , Stojanovic Miroslav , Stanojevic Goran , Ilic Ivan 
Published: June 2017

Introduction Carcinomas of the papilla of Vater make up a heterogeneous group of tumours arising from different types of epithelium. Regional lymph nodes, liver and lungs are the primary sites of metastatic progression of these tumours. Case presentation We present a patient with an abdominal incision site metastasis of low-grade (mixed type) adenocarcinoma of the papilla of Vater one year after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Implantation metastasis of low-grade ampullary carcinoma in the laparotomy wound after open Whipple’s procedure is unusual. Conclusion Adjuvant chemoradiation might be considered for patients with low-grade localised disease as a potentially preventative measure vs. metastatic progression.
SF3B1-initiating mutations in MDS-RSs target lymphomyeloid hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Mortera-Blanco Teresa , Dimitriou Marios , Woll Petter S. , Karimi Mohsen , Elvarsdottir Edda , Conte Simona , Tobiasson Magnus , Jansson Monika , Douagi Iyadh , Moarii Matahi , Saft Leonie , Papaemmanuil Elli , Jacobsen Sten Eirik W. , Hellström-Lindberg Eva 
Published: June 2017

Key Points
SF3B1 mutations in MDS-RS have a multipotent lymphomyeloid origin. Transplantation of SF3B1 mutated MDS-RS HSCs into immune-deficient mice results in generation of characteristic ring sideroblasts.
exampletestr—An easy start to unit testing R packages
Authors: Nolan Rory , Padilla-Parra Sergi 
Published: June 2017

In spite of the utility of unit tests, most R package developers do not write them. exampletestr makes it easier to start writing unit tests by creating shells/skeletons of unit tests based on the examples in the user's package documentation. When completed, these unit tests test whether said examples run correctly. By combining the functionality of exampletestr with that of covr, having ensured that their examples adequately demonstrate the features of their package, the developer can have much of the work of constructing a comprehensive set of unit tests done for them.