bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimality Conditions for Sparse Optimal Control of Viscous Cahn–Hilliard Systems with Logarithmic Potential
Authors: Colli Pierluigi , Sprekels Jürgen , Tröltzsch Fredi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper we study the optimal control of a parabolic initial-boundary value problem of viscous Cahn–Hilliard type with zero Neumann boundary conditions. Phase field systems of this type govern the evolution of diffusive phase transition processes with conserved order parameter. It is assumed that the nonlinear functions driving the physical processes within the spatial domain are double-well potentials of logarithmic type whose derivatives become singular at the boundary of their respective domains of definition. For such systems, optimal control problems have been studied in the past. We focus here on the situation when the cost functional of the optimal control problem contains a nondifferentiable term like the

$$L^1$$

L
1

-norm, which leads to sparsity of optimal controls. For such cases, we establish first-order necessary and second-order sufficient optimality conditions for locally optimal controls. In the approach to second-order sufficient conditions, the main novelty of this paper, we adapt a technique introduced by Casas et al. in the paper (SIAM J Control Optim 53:2168–2202, 2015). In this paper, we show that this method can also be successfully applied to systems of viscous Cahn–Hilliard type with logarithmic nonlinearity. Since the Cahn–Hilliard system corresponds to a fourth-order partial differential equation in contrast to the second-order systems investigated before, additional technical difficulties have to be overcome.
The effects of herding and dispersal behaviour on the evolution of cooperation on complete networks
Authors: Haq Hasan , Schimit Pedro H. T. , Broom Mark 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEvolutionary graph theory has considerably advanced the process of modelling the evolution of structured populations, which models the interactions between individuals as pairwise contests. In recent years, these classical evolution models have been extended to incorporate more realistic features, e.g. multiplayer games. A recent series of papers have developed a new evolutionary framework including structure, multiplayer interactions, evolutionary dynamics, and movement. However, so far, the developed models have mainly considered independent movement without coordinated behaviour. Although the theory underlying the framework has been developed and explored in various directions, several movement mechanisms have been produced which characterise coordinated movement, for example, herding. By embedding these newly constructed movement distributions, within the evolutionary setting of the framework, we demonstrate that certain levels of aggregation and dispersal benefit specific types of individuals. Moreover, by extending existing parameters within the framework, we are not only able to develop a general process of embedding any of the considered movement distributions into the evolutionary setting on complete graphs but also analytically produce the probability of fixation of a mutant on a complete N-sized network, for the multiplayer Public Goods and Hawk–Dove games. Also, by applying weak selection methods, we extended existing previous analyses on the pairwise Hawk–Dove Game to encompass the multiplayer version considered in this paper. By producing neutrality and equilibrium conditions, we show that hawks generally do worse in our models due to the multiplayer nature of the interactions.
Lines on $$K3$$–Quartics Via Triangular Sets
Authors: Degtyarev Alex , Rams Sławomir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe prove the sharp upper bound of at most 52 lines on a complex $$K3$$

K
3

–surface of degree 4 with a non-empty singular locus. We also classify the configurations of more than 48 lines on smooth complex quartics.
Neuromorphic computing for modeling neurological and psychiatric disorders: implications for drug development
Authors: Raikar Amisha S. , Andrew J , Dessai Pranjali Prabhu , Prabhu Sweta M. , Jathar Shounak , Prabhu Aishwarya , Naik Mayuri B. , Raikar Gokuldas Vedant S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe emergence of neuromorphic computing, inspired by the structure and function of the human brain, presents a transformative framework for modelling neurological disorders in drug development. This article investigates the implications of applying neuromorphic computing to simulate and comprehend complex neural systems affected by conditions like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and epilepsy, drawing from extensive literature. It explores the intersection of neuromorphic computing with neurology and pharmaceutical development, emphasizing the significance of understanding neural processes and integrating deep learning techniques. Technical considerations, such as integrating neural circuits into CMOS technology and employing memristive devices for synaptic emulation, are discussed. The review evaluates how neuromorphic computing optimizes drug discovery and improves clinical trials by precisely simulating biological systems. It also examines the role of neuromorphic models in comprehending and simulating neurological disorders, facilitating targeted treatment development. Recent progress in neuromorphic drug discovery is highlighted, indicating the potential for transformative therapeutic interventions. As technology advances, the synergy between neuromorphic computing and neuroscience holds promise for revolutionizing the study of the human brain’s complexities and addressing neurological challenges.
The Israeli queue with a capacitated server: modeling and approximations
Authors: Perel Nir , Perel Efrat , Kaspi Mor 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Israeli Queue is a batch service polling system where a single server attends to multiple queues based on seniority. Each arriving customer belongs to one of several classes. Upon arrival, a customer either joins an existing queue for their class or initiates a new queue if they are the first of their class to arrive. Customers from the class with the most senior member are served together as a batch, with the service time remaining constant regardless of the batch size. This service model is found in applications like advanced elevator systems and on-demand shared mobility, where passengers heading to the same destination can share a ride. However, in many real-world scenarios, the vehicle capacities are small and constraining, which calls for a deeper exploration of the Israeli queue with a capacitated server (IQCS). In this paper, we formally define the IQCS and address the challenges of creating a mathematically tractable model to represent it. To approximate the IQCS, we develop a quasi-birth-death process and derive approximations for key performance measures. To validate our approach, we implement a simulation model and use it to compare the IQCS, the approximate model, and the original Israeli Queue. Our results across various scenarios demonstrate the accuracy of the approximate model. Nonetheless, the presence of a remaining gap underscores the ongoing challenge of precisely and efficiently modeling the IQCS, posing an open question for the research community.
On the classification of low-degree ovoids of $$Q^+(5,q)$$
Authors: Bartoli Daniele , Durante Nicola , Grimaldi Giovanni Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOvoids of the Klein quadric $$Q^+(5,q)$$

Q
+

(
5
,
q
)

of $$\textrm{PG}(5,q)$$

PG
(
5
,
q
)

have been studied in the last 40 years, also because of their connection with spreads of $$\textrm{PG}(3,q)$$

PG
(
3
,
q
)

and hence translation planes. Beside the classical example given by a three-dimensional elliptic quadric (corresponding to the regular spread of $$\textrm{PG}(3,q)$$

PG
(
3
,
q
)

) many other classes of examples are known. First of all the other examples (beside the elliptic quadric) of ovoids of Q(4, q) give also examples of ovoids of $$Q^+(5,q)$$

Q
+

(
5
,
q
)

. To every ovoid of $$Q^+(5,q)$$

Q
+

(
5
,
q
)

two bivariate polynomials $$f_1(x,y)$$

f
1

(
x
,
y
)

and $$f_2(x,y)$$

f
2

(
x
,
y
)

can be associated. Another important class of ovoids of $$Q^+(5,q)$$

Q
+

(
5
,
q
)

is given by the ones associated to a flock of a three-dimensional quadratic cone and in this case $$f_1(x,y)=y+g(x)$$

f
1

(
x
,
y
)

=
y
+
g

(
x
)

. In this paper, we classify such ovoids of $$Q^+(5,q)$$

Q
+

(
5
,
q
)

with the additional properties that $$\max \{\deg (f_1),\deg (f_2)\}<(\frac{1}{6.31}q)^{\frac{3}{13}}-1$$

max

{
deg

(

f
1

)

,
deg

(

f
2

)

}

<

(

1

6.31

q
)

3
13

-
1

, that is $$f_1(x,y)$$

f
1

(
x
,
y
)

and $$f_2(x,y)$$

f
2

(
x
,
y
)

have “low degree" compared with q.
Danger of Slippery Slopes in Nudge Research
Authors: Siipi Helena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNudges are a way to steer people’s behavior through changes in how choices are presented. Nudge research has been incorporated into public policy in many countries, and nudge research, thus, has the potential to directly influence societies and individuals. As a result, research ethics for nudge research is needed to ensure that nudges developed are not instances of unethical manipulation of people. In this paper, I argue that two types of slippery slopes from ethically fine nudges to ethically problematic ones can take place in nudge research. The conceptual slippery slope follows from (1) the broad way of defining nudges, (2) the multitude of different ways of understanding manipulation of people, (3) many manipulation definitions implying that some nudges are manipulative, and (4) some forms of manipulation of people being prima facie wrong. The empirical slippery slope rests, first, on the possibility of small steps from ethically acceptable to wrong nudges, and second, on the cognitive limits typical to human beings (including nudge researchers). Both slippery slope arguments imply the need to of nudge researchers to create so-called firebreaks. The firebreaks can take the form of ethical justifications. To avoid slippery slopes, certain types of arguments should be excluded from these justifications.
Twin-roll casting defects in light metals
Authors: Ullmann Madlen , Stirl Max , Prahl Ulrich 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe twin-roll casting (TRC) of light metal alloys, in particular aluminium and magnesium alloys, represents a promising technology for the production of lightweight components thanks to its short process chain and promising combinations of properties. In the production of strip products, TRC is susceptible to a number of defects due to the coupled process steps of casting and forming, which prevent its use for more complex alloy combinations in the field. In this review, the defects in TRC of light metal alloys will be summarized and discussed. In addition to a basic classification of the defect types and definition of these, the formation mechanisms and avoidance strategies will be discussed. Special focus is placed on centreline segregation defects and surface bleeds, which occur in a large number of investigations in the literature. Effective avoidance strategies are defect-specific, but are mostly due to the combination of the plant design of the TRC process, the TRC parameters or the use of alloying elements to influence the solidification process.
The Spiritual Well-Being Scale in the Polish Catholic Setting: Construct, Structure, and Relationships with Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Zarzycka Beata , Tomaka Kamil , Grupa Michał , Paloutzian Raymond F. , Bufford Rodger K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe population of Poland could be of particular interest to researchers studying religion and spirituality. Catholicism has played a significant role in shaping the country’s culture, history, and tradition and is considered a national religion. More recently, however, the processes of moving away from regular participation in religious services and loosening ties with the institution of the Catholic Church are marked (Polish Public Opinion Research Center, CBOS). The Polish Catholic setting may modify the associations between psychological variables that have been studied in their relationships with spirituality, which have been investigated in religious contexts differing from a Polish Catholic one. Given this context, we examined the internal structure of spiritual well-being in the sample of present-day Polish Catholics (Study 1) and how spiritual well-being is related to mental health (Study 2). The internal structure of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale was replicated in the Polish sample, but only positively worded items loaded on the Religious and Existential Well-Being subscales. Spiritual well-being was positively related to positive mood, satisfaction with life, and psychological well-being; it was negatively associated with negative mood, depression, and anxiety, thus remaining significantly related to psychological well-being among Polish Catholics.
Coastal boulder production controlled by columnar joints of ignimbrite and extreme waves: insights from the high-energy coast of Pantelleria Island (Sicily Channel, Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Corradino M. , Faraci C. , Monaco C. , Pepe F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We examined the relationship between coastal boulder production and the volcanic rock features on the high-energy rocky coast of Pantelleria Island (Sicily Channel, Mediterranean Sea). We used geological data for 125 boulders and 21 rupture surfaces, integrated with fracture analysis, radiocarbon dating, numerical hydrodynamic analysis, and hindcast numerical model for wave characterization. The boulder field consists of isolated and grouped blocks detected along the shore platform and on the cliff top of Punta Sidere (northwestern coast of Pantelleria). Boulder production occurred through two mechanisms: (1) boulders were quarried from the platform edge of the low coast and cliff top as suggested by the same lithology of boulders and outcropping rocks, and by the similar shape of the boulders and rupture surfaces carved out into the rocky platform; (2) waves eroded the cliff foot, forming a notch, and boulders detached from cliff face and fell down to the shore platform. The morphometric analysis of the characteristics of boulders and outcropping rocks demonstrates that the columnar fractures controlled the boulders' polygonal surfaces and size. Whereas, the thickness of horizontal planes within the ignimbrite controlled the boulders' thickness. The numerical hydrodynamic analysis indicates that the quarrying, transport and deposition of boulders were mainly the result of storm waves up to 8 m high. The storm events occurred at different times, even recently, as suggested by two radiocarbon dating of biogenic encrustations collected from the boulders' surface and the presence of wood and plastic embedded within the boulder deposits.
Integrated optimization framework for a biomass supply network and steam Rankine cycle
Authors: Dokl Monika , Kravanja Zdravko , Čuček Lidija 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe optimization of biomass supply chains is becoming increasingly important, especially for low-density biomass feedstocks that have limited market value and require efficient handling and logistics. This study addresses this issue by proposing an integrated approach to optimize biomass supply chain networks for energy production with the steam Rankine cycle. The approach takes into account the inherent variability of feedstock availability and energy market values, to ensure adaptability to fluctuating conditions. The biomass supply network is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem, where the optimization objective is to maximize the economic viability of the system. The optimal configuration of the supply network includes the selection of biomass supply zones and storage facilities, the transportation links, and the optimization of the process variables within the conversion plants, taking into account the variable heat demand. The optimization approach is applied to a hypothetical case study of a relatively small region in Slovenia. The results show the economic viability of biomass utilization with a net present value of almost 300 MEUR, generating about 4 MW of electricity and 65 MW of heat. The uncertainties of the biomass supply, the fluctuations in product prices and the spatial scope of the case study are evaluated in addition. This analysis highlights and discusses the impact of these factors on the economic performance of the biomass supply chain network.
A systematic review of unique methods for measuring discount rates
Authors: Lipman Stefan A. , Attema Arthur E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDiscount rates play a pivotal role in various fields, capturing the trade-off between present and future, influencing predictions of unhealthy behaviors. Despite substantial variations in discount rates across studies, methods, and individuals, our goal was to systematically overview diverse methods for measuring discount rates. We conducted a comprehensive literature review across multiple databases, targeting English studies introducing and utilizing discounting measurement methods in human subjects. Two authors screened titles and abstracts, with full text review split between them. Extracted data encompassed bibliographic details, theoretical aspects (e.g., discount function), and operational features (e.g., elicitation procedure). After deduplication, 4976, 218, and 83 records underwent title and abstract screening, full text screening, and inclusion, respectively. A total of 86 unique methods were identified. Predominantly, methods were devised for money (75%) and health (22%) discounting. Network analysis on citations indicated limited cross-disciplinary overlap. Only about one fourth, one third, and one third of methods possessed theoretically desirable traits: i) allowance for negative discount rates, ii) application of multiple discount functions, and iii) correction for non-linear utility of outcomes. Diverse discounting measurement methods exist, showcasing varied theoretical and operational characteristics. These differences may stem from the isolation of development in fields like psychology, experimental economics, and health economics. Our systematic review aids readers in choosing methods aligned with their priorities when measuring discount rates.
Marian Zdziechowski and Leo Tolstoy: on true Christianity and Polish patriotism
Authors: Piotrowska Joanna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBuilding on the cultural transfer theory of Michel Espagne and Michael Werner, the paper examines the history of Marian Zdziechowski’s interactions with Leo Tolstoy. Its starting point is their correspondence of the 1890s, and the endpoint – Zdziechowski’s magnum opus Pessimism, Romanticism and the Bases of Christianity (1915). The main emphasis lies on two microhistories of cultural transfer with opposing vectors, represented in the relations between these two figures. The first, revolving around the publication of Zdziechowski’s essay Religious and Political Ideals of Polish Society, is dedicated to the attempts of Zdziechowski, a young Polish intellectual, to secure a place in the field of Russian intellectual culture with the help of Tolstoy, one of its leading figures. The second concentrates on Tolstoy’s letter to Zdziechowski, which the latter used as a preface to a separate publication of his essay. Aiming to communicate the idea that Tolstoy was no enemy for the Poles to the Polish audience, Zdziechowski thus responded to the critical reaction to Tolstoy in the Polish press of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In the end, the figure of Zdziechowski as a mediator between cultural fields proves to be of high value for further studies of processes and mechanisms of cultural transfer.
The effect of several growth regulators and biostimulant on biochemical and physiological changes in acclimation of micropropagated Echinacea purpurea Moench. ‘Raspberry Truffle’
Authors: Grzelak Monika , Pacholczak Andrzej , Nowakowska Karolina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMicropropagation is currently one of the primary methods for plant propagation, known for its efficiency in producing disease-free and vigorous plants. However, the final stage of this—acclimatization, is critical due to the transfer from a controlled in vitro environment to an external one. To reduce mortality and alleviate acclimation stress, plant growth regulators (PGRs) or biostimulants can be employed. This study investigated the effects of exogenously sprayed PGRs: 0.001 mg L−1 abscisic acid (ABA), 0.001 mL L−1 brassinolide (BL), 0.001 mL L−1 24-epibrassinolide (24-epiBL), and 0.3 mL L−1 biostimulant Goteo on the physiological and biochemical responses of Echinacea purpurea ‘Raspberry Truffle’ plantlets during the acclimation process. The effects of treatments at various acclimation stages on chlorophyll (chl) and carotenoids content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), free amino acids, soluble proteins, total soluble sugar and reduced soluble sugars were tested in this research. The results confirmed changes in biochemical parameters, including an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoids in the acclimatization period where the highest level obtained by BL spraying. A decline in stomatal conductance was also observed, where ABA influenced the most on drop. It was also recorded the decrease in H2O2 and MDA concentration. CAT activity increased, especially with biostimulant treatment. We recorded an increase in total soluble proteins along acclimatization. Goteo affected the most on morphology parameters, ABA, BL and 24-epiBL increased acclimatization efficiency. Our studies indicate that potentially the most effective substances in the acclimatization of E. purpurea ‘Raspberry Truffle’ are brassinosteroids and ABA.
Thermal Treatment Technologies Impede Hatching and Inhibit Reproduction of Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in Infested Soils
Authors: Berger Beatrice , Daub Matthias , König Stephan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe spread of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis) via residual soils endangers the cultivation of potatoes. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of thermal treatments against potato cyst nematodes (PCN) as part of reliable routine phytosanitary measures in processing plants accompanied with the highest possible throughput of tare soil. The viability and reproduction rates of potato cyst nematodes embedded in gauze sachets in a residual soil matrix were tested after treatment with dry heat, hot steam, or microwaves. An 80 °C heating by microwaves in a magnetron tunnel, which was reached after 2–7 min, was found to inactivate the potato cyst nematodes after 15 s of exposure. The data indicate that conductive heating in the Sterilo effectively kills cysts in soils when heated to 68 °C and allowed to cool down for 16 h. Inactivation of cysts was also found, when hot steam treatment (adjusted to 80 °C) was applied for 5–6 h, followed by a cooling phase for at least 18 h. We conclude that PCN’s viability and the ability to reproduce on susceptible potato plants is eliminated after thermal treatment at 80 °C with microwaves as the most effective measure with the lowest energy effort.