bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The on-orbit performance of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products
Authors: Crisp David , Pollock Harold R. , Rosenberg Robert , Chapsky Lars , Lee Richard A. M. , Oyafuso Fabiano A. , Frankenberg Christian , O'Dell Christopher W. , Bruegge Carol J. , Doran Gary B. , Eldering Annmarie , Fisher Brendan M. , Fu Dejian , Gunson Michael R. , Mandrake Lukas , Osterman Gregory B. , Schwandner Florian M. , Sun Kang , Taylor Tommy E. , Wennberg Paul O. , Wunch Debra 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) carries and points a three-channel imaging grating spectrometer designed to collect high-resolution, co-boresighted spectra of reflected sunlight within the molecular oxygen (O2) A-band at 0.765 microns and the carbon dioxide (CO2) bands at 1.61 and 2.06 microns. These measurements are calibrated and then combined into soundings that are analyzed to retrieve spatially resolved estimates of the column-averaged CO2 dry-air mole fraction, XCO2. Variations of XCO2 in space and time are then analyzed in the context of the atmospheric transport to quantify surface sources and sinks of CO2. This is a particularly challenging remote-sensing observation because all but the largest emission sources and natural absorbers produce only small (< 0.25 %) changes in the background XCO2 field. High measurement precision is therefore essential to resolve these small variations, and high accuracy is needed because small biases in the retrieved XCO2 distribution could be misinterpreted as evidence for CO2 fluxes. To meet its demanding measurement requirements, each OCO-2 spectrometer channel collects 24 spectra s−1 across a narrow (< 10 km) swath as the observatory flies over the sunlit hemisphere, yielding almost 1 million soundings each day. On monthly timescales, between 7 and 12 % of these soundings pass the cloud screens and other data quality filters to yield full-column estimates of XCO2. Each of these soundings has an unprecedented combination of spatial resolution (< 3 km2/sounding), spectral resolving power (λ∕Δλ > 17 000), dynamic range (∼ 104), and sensitivity (continuum signal-to-noise ratio > 400). The OCO-2 instrument performance was extensively characterized and calibrated prior to launch. In general, the instrument has performed as expected during its first 18 months in orbit. However, ongoing calibration and science analysis activities have revealed a number of subtle radiometric and spectroscopic challenges that affect the yield and quality of the OCO-2 data products. These issues include increased numbers of bad pixels, transient artifacts introduced by cosmic rays, radiance discontinuities for spatially non-uniform scenes, a misunderstanding of the instrument polarization orientation, and time-dependent changes in the throughput of the oxygen A-band channel. Here, we describe the OCO-2 instrument, its data products, and its on-orbit performance. We then summarize calibration challenges encountered during its first 18 months in orbit and the methods used to mitigate their impact on the calibrated radiance spectra distributed to the science community.
A year in the life of a central California kelp forest: physical and biological insights into biogeochemical variability
Authors: Koweek David A. , Nickols Kerry J. , Leary Paul R. , Litvin Steve Y. , Bell Tom W. , Luthin Timothy , Lummis Sarah , Mucciarone David A. , Dunbar Robert B. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Kelp forests are among the world's most productive marine ecosystems, yet little is known about their biogeochemistry. This study presents a 14-month time series (July 2013–August 2014) of surface and benthic dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity measurements, along with accompanying hydrographic measurements, from six locations within a central California kelp forest. We present ranges and patterns of variability in carbonate chemistry, including pH (7.70–8.33), pCO2 (172–952 µatm), and the aragonite saturation state, ΩAr (0.94–3.91). Surface-to-bottom gradients in CO2 system chemistry were as large as the spatial gradients throughout the bottom of the kelp forest. Dissolved inorganic carbon variability was the main driver of the observed CO2 system variability. The majority of spatial variability in the kelp forest can be explained by advection of cold, dense high-CO2 waters into the bottom of the kelp forest, with deeper sites experiencing high-CO2 conditions more frequently. Despite the strong imprint of advection on the biogeochemical variability of the kelp forest, surface waters were undersaturated with CO2 in the spring through fall, indicative of the strong role of photosynthesis on biogeochemical variability. We emphasize the importance of spatially distributed measurements for developing a process-based understanding of kelp forest ecosystem function in a changing climate.
Uitgebalanceerd compromis voor personenvennootschappen: drie maal is scheepsrecht?
Authors: Alzafari M. , Rutten S.S.M. 
Published: January 2017

Uitgebalanceerd compromis voor personenvennootschappen: drie maal is scheepsrecht?
In september 2016 is het rapport Modernisering personenvennootschappen van de Werkgroep Personenvennootschappen aangeboden aan de minister van Veiligheid en Justitie. Hierin is een nieuwe wettelijke regeling voor personenvennootschappen opgenomen. In dit artikel bespreken de auteurs de belangrijkste thema’s van het wetsvoorstel en geven zij een reactie op opvallende wijzigingen. De minister heeft aangegeven dat hij het rapport zal meenemen in zijn plannen tot vernieuwing van het ondernemingsrecht. Het zal dan ook naar alle waarschijnlijkheid leiden tot indiening van een wetsvoorstel.
Low Reporting Quality of the Meta-Analyses in Diagnostic Pathology
Authors: Liu Xulei , Kinzler Michael , Yuan Jiangfan , He Guozhong , Zhang Lanjing 
Published: January 2017

Context.—
Little is known regarding the reporting quality of meta-analyses in diagnostic pathology.

Objective.—
To compare reporting quality of meta-analyses in diagnostic pathology and medicine and to examine factors associated with reporting quality of diagnostic pathology meta-analyses.

Design.—
Meta-analyses were identified in 12 major diagnostic pathology journals without specifying years and 4 major medicine journals in 2006 and 2011 using PubMed. Reporting quality of meta-analyses was evaluated using the 27-item checklist of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement published in 2009. A higher PRISMA score indicates higher reporting quality.

Results.—
Forty-one diagnostic pathology meta-analyses and 118 medicine meta-analyses were included. Overall, reporting quality of meta-analyses in diagnostic pathology was lower than that in medicine (median [interquartile range] = 22 [15, 25] versus 27 [23, 28], P &lt; .001). Compared with medicine meta-analyses, diagnostic pathology meta-analyses less likely reported 23 of the 27 items (85.2%) on the PRISMA checklist, but more likely reported the data items. Higher reporting quality of diagnostic pathology meta-analyses was associated with recent publication years (later than 2009 versus 2009 or earlier, P = .002) and non–North American first authors (versus North American, P = .001), but not journal publisher's location (P = .11). Interestingly, reporting quality was not associated with adjusted citation ratio for meta-analyses in either diagnostic pathology or medicine (P = .40 and P = .09, respectively).

Conclusions.—
Meta-analyses in diagnostic pathology had lower reporting quality than those in medicine. Reporting quality of diagnostic pathology meta-analyses is linked to publication year and first author's location, but not to journal publisher's location or article's adjusted citation ratios. More research and education on meta-analysis methodology may improve the reporting quality of diagnostic pathology meta-analyses.
INCLUSÃO: ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA PARA ALUNOS SURDOS, COM UM OLHAR SOBRE A PAISAGEM A PARTIR DE UMA VISÃO FREIREANA
Authors: Fernandes Jean Volnei 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo fazer uma análise de questões inerentes à educação inclusiva, a categoria geográfica Paisagem e as diferentes formas de abordagem, que se pode utilizar no trabalho docente, com alunos deficientes auditivos a partir de uma visão freireana. Em seguida apresenta-se, os principais conceitos de Paisagem, que foram teorizados pelas diferentes escolas que escreveram sobre o assunto, destacando o caráter humanista para alguns autores, e os aspectos físicos para outros. Assim sendo, procede-se uma análise, a partir das experiências vivenciadas em sala de aula, como professor de Geografia, das principais considerações e observações, a respeito do estudo da Paisagem para alunos surdos pautados nos conceitos criados por Paulo Freire, bem como a forma através das quais estes alunos podem construir um conceito próprio de Paisagem. Para tanto, considera-se a utilização de elementos que sejam significativos para sua aprendizagem, sobretudo os relacionados a utilização da Libras e da observação da própria Paisagem.
Traductores españoles de obras científico-técnicas francesas en la revista La Ilustración Española y Americana (1880-1900)
Authors: Corredor Plaja Anna Maria 
Published: January 2017

Basándonos en el análisis de los anuncios de obras científico-técnicas traducidas del francés al español, el objetivo de este artículo es presentar un repertorio de los traductores del ámbito científico-técnico del período 1880-1900 que aparecen en la revista, precedidos de una reflexión en torno a la figura del traductor y otros datos de interés. Para ello hemos partido de las informaciones de la sección bibliográfica de la publicación y hemos investigado sobre la identidad de los traductores. ¿Quiénes eran los traductores? ¿Se mencionaban siempre sus nombres? ¿Se hacían alusiones a la calidad de su trabajo? ¿El traductor podía ayudar a “vender” la obra? Estas son algunas de las cuestiones planteadas a las cuales intentamos responder a lo largo del artículo. Palabras clave: traductores científico-técnicos; repertorio; ámbito francés-español; La Ilustración Española y Americana (1880-1890).
¿Francisco Carrasco, traductor del Pro Ligario de Cicerón? Alfredo Adolfo Camús y la ficción traductora
Authors: García Jurado Francisco 
Published: January 2017

En 1857, el catedrático de literatura latina de la Universidad Central de Madrid, Alfredo Adolfo Camús (1817-1889), publica en el Semanario Pintoresco Español una supuesta traducción del Pro Ligario de Cicerón que dice haber encontrado en un viejo manuscrito cuando estaba a punto de ser destruido por un trapero. Asimismo, afirma Camús que se trata de una traducción debida a un personaje del siglo XVIII, Francisco Carrasco, Marqués de la Corona, de quien no se conocen otras versiones de clásicos. Tanto las circunstancias novelescas del hallazgo del manuscrito como la dudosa atribución hacen sospechar que estamos ante la ficción de un falso traductor y que, en realidad, el texto ciceroniano no es producto de una traducción directa, sino de la recomposición de una traducción previa del siglo XVIII. Palabras clave: Pro Ligario; Cicerón; Alfredo Adolfo Camús; Rodrigo de Oviedo; ficción
Ferran Pol, un escritor-traductor del siglo XX
Authors: Garcia Raffi Josep Vicent 
Published: January 2017

Ferran de Pol (Arenys de Mar 1911-1994) fue uno de los traductores-escritores que comenzó su obra en la Cataluña republicana. Los primeros textos traducidos al catalán fueron de E.T.A. Hoffmann. Autor de una destacable obra narrativa, estuvo en el exilio en Méjico de 1939 a 1948, donde trabajó de peirodista i tradujo novelas al español para la editorial Albatros. Desde su retorno a Cataluña tradujo diferentes novelas al castellano y al catalán, entre las que destacan El viejo y el mar de Ernest Hemingway. Además, tradujo junto con su mujer, la escritora galesa Esylit T. Lawrence, una obra de teatro de Saunders Lewis. Palabras clave: Ferran de Pol; exilo mejicano; traductor/escritor; literatura catalana; traducción catalán/español.
El traductor y el comercio internacional
Authors: Orts Llopis María Ángeles 
Published: January 2017

La internacionalización de la economía ha hecho necesaria la implementación de una red de estrategias comunicativas de la empresa a nivel global, en las que se requieren especialistas multilingües y multiculturales. Exportador e importador han de enfrentarse a los distintos agentes y actividades que intervienen en su salida al exterior en una lengua o lenguas que les son a menudo desconocidas. Por ello, el de la internacionalización es un campo que está especialmente destinado al traductor formado en esta área, que se torna aquí en agente comunicativo, intérprete y mediador cultural. El presente trabajo se centra en la descripción del contexto donde este profesional desarrolla su labor y de las actividades que está capacitado para desempeñar. Palabras clave: Comercio Internacional; traductor en el ámbito del Comercio Internacional; internacionalización; mediación cultural; estrategia comunicativa.
Defining the ecologically relevant mixed‐layer depth for Antarctica's coastal seas
Authors: Carvalho Filipa , Kohut Josh , Oliver Matthew J. , Schofield Oscar 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMixed‐layer depth (MLD) has been widely linked to phytoplankton dynamics in Antarctica's coastal regions; however, inconsistent definitions have made intercomparisons among region‐specific studies difficult. Using a data set with over 20,000 water column profiles corresponding to 32 Slocum glider deployments in three coastal Antarctic regions (Ross Sea, Amundsen Sea, and West Antarctic Peninsula), we evaluated the relationship between MLD and phytoplankton vertical distribution. Comparisons of these MLD estimates to an applied definition of phytoplankton bloom depth, as defined by the deepest inflection point in the chlorophyll profile, show that the maximum of buoyancy frequency is a good proxy for an ecologically relevant MLD. A quality index is used to filter profiles where MLD is not determined. Despite the different regional physical settings, we found that the MLD definition based on the maximum of buoyancy frequency best describes the depth to which phytoplankton can be mixed in Antarctica's coastal seas.
Transient reducing greenhouse warming on early Mars
Authors: Wordsworth R. , Kalugina Y. , Lokshtanov S. , Vigasin A. , Ehlmann B. , Head J. , Sanders C. , Wang H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe evidence for abundant liquid water on early Mars despite the faint young Sun is a long‐standing problem in planetary research. Here we present new ab initio spectroscopic and line‐by‐line climate calculations of the warming potential of reduced atmospheres on early Mars. We show that the strength of both CO2–H2 and CO2–CH4 collision‐induced absorption (CIA) has previously been significantly underestimated. Contrary to previous expectations, methane could have acted as a powerful greenhouse gas on early Mars due to CO2–CH4 CIA in the critical 250–500 cm−1 spectral window region. In atmospheres of 0.5 bar CO2 or more, percent levels of H2 or CH4 raise annual mean surface temperatures by tens of degrees, with temperatures reaching 273 K for pressures of 1.25–2 bars and 2–10% of H2 and CH4. Methane and hydrogen produced following aqueous alteration of Mars' crust could have combined with volcanically outgassed CO2 to form transient atmospheres of this composition 4.5–3.5 Ga. Our results also suggest that inhabited exoplanets could retain surface liquid water at significant distances from their host stars.
Eruptive history of the Karoo lava flows and their impact on early Jurassic environmental change
Authors: Moulin M. , Fluteau F. , Courtillot V. , Marsh J. , Delpech G. , Quidelleur X. , Gérard M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper reports new paleomagnetic and geochronologic data from a ~1500 m thick composite section belonging to the Drakensberg group, the thickest remnant of the Karoo lavas in Northern Lesotho. Flow‐by‐flow analysis of paleomagnetic directions reveals 21 magnetic directional groups, corresponding to single eruptive events, and 16 individual lava flows. The new age determinations of lava flows range from 180.1 ± 1.4 to 182.8 ± 2.6 Ma. These data, combined with previous results, allow us to propose that the main part of the Drakensberg group and the Karoo intrusive complex dated around 181–183 Ma may have been erupted over a period as short as 250 kyr and may have coincided with the two main phases of extinction in the Early Toarcian. This scenario agrees well with the discontinuous rhythm of environmental and biotic perturbations in the Late Pliensbachian‐Toarcian interval.
Past and future trends of hydroclimatic intensity over the Indian monsoon region
Authors: Mohan T. S. , Rajeevan M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe hydroclimatic intensity index (HY‐INT) is a single index that quantitatively combines measures of precipitation intensity and dry spell length, thus providing an integrated response of the hydrological cycle to global warming. The HY‐INT index is a product of the precipitation intensity (PINT, intensity during wet days) and dry spell length (DSL). Using the observed gridded rainfall data sets of 1951–2010 period, the changes in HY‐INT, PINT, and DSL over the Indian monsoon region have been examined in addition to changes in maximum consecutive dry days (MCD). We have also considered 10 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate models for examining the changes in these indices during the present‐day and future climate change scenarios. For climate change projections, the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario was considered. The analysis of observational data during the period 1951–2010 suggested an increase in DSL and MCD over most of central India. Further, statistically significant (95% level) increase in HY‐INT is also noted during the period of 1951–2010, which is mainly caused due to significant increase in precipitation intensity. The CMIP5 model projections of future climate also suggest a statistically significant increase in HY‐INT over the Indian region. Out of the 10 models considered, seven models suggest a consistent increase in HY‐INT during the period of 2010–2100 under the RCP4.5 scenario. However, the projected increase in HY‐INT is mainly due to increase in the precipitation intensity, while dry spell length (DSL) showed little changes in the future climate.
Direct atmosphere opacity observations from CALIPSO provide new constraints on cloud‐radiation interactions
Authors: Guzman R. , Chepfer H. , Noel V. , Vaillant de Guélis T. , Kay J. E. , Raberanto P. , Cesana G. , Vaughan M. A. , Winker D. M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe spaceborne lidar CALIPSO (Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) directly measures atmospheric opacity. In 8 years of CALIPSO observations, we find that 69% of vertical profiles penetrate through the complete atmosphere. The remaining 31% do not reach the surface, due to opaque clouds. The global mean altitude of full attenuation of the lidar beam (z_opaque) is 3.2 km, but there are large regional variations in this altitude. Of relevance to cloud‐climate studies, the annual zonal mean longwave cloud radiative effect and annual zonal mean z_opaque weighted by opaque cloud cover are highly correlated (0.94). The annual zonal mean shortwave cloud radiative effect and annual zonal mean opaque cloud cover are also correlated (−0.95). The new diagnostics introduced here are implemented within a simulator framework to enable scale‐aware and definition‐aware evaluation of the LMDZ5B global climate model. The evaluation shows that the model overestimates opaque cloud cover (31% obs. versus 38% model) and z_opaque (3.2 km obs. versus 5.1 km model). In contrast, the model underestimates thin cloud cover (35% obs. versus 14% model). Further assessment shows that reasonable agreement between modeled and observed longwave cloud radiative effects results from compensating errors between insufficient warming by thin clouds and excessive warming due to overestimating both z_opaque and opaque cloud cover. This work shows the power of spaceborne lidar observations to directly constrain cloud‐radiation interactions in both observations and models.
Probing a General Rule towards Thermodynamic Stabilities of Mono BN‐doped Lower Polyenes
Authors: Rouf Alvi Muhammad , Wu Jingjing , Zhu Jun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe BN‐doped organic analogues are interesting as aliphatic amineboranes for hydrogen storage, precursors for aromatic borazines and adsorbent cage azaboranes. However, BN‐doped aliphatic polyenes remained undeveloped. Herein, we perform theoretical calculations on two mono BN‐doped aliphatic lower polyenes, 1,3‐butadiene and 1,3,5‐hexatriene. A general rule is proposed, i.e., isomers with terminal nitrogen and directly BN‐connected, N−B(R), in particular, are of significant thermodynamic stability as compared with their inverse analogues (where boron is at the terminal position). The N−B(R) type isomers are found to be the most stable ones in both polyenes. Isomers with terminal B and N are of intermediate stability. Highly destabilized isomers are those with one terminal methylene group and one terminal heteroatom in the butadiene series, and two terminal methylene groups in the hexatriene series. Rules established here may lead researchers to synthesize isomers with particular thermodynamic stability.
Development of a UPLC‐MS/MS method for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of aripiprazole, amisulpride, olanzapine, paliperidone and ziprasidone with a discussion of their therapeutic reference ranges for Chinese patients
Authors: Wang Shao‐Ting , Li Yan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA highly feasible and reliable ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was presented for therapeutic drug monitoring of five anti‐schizophrenic drugs (amisulpride, olanzapine, aripiprazole, paliperidone and ziprasidone) simultaneously. To meet the requirements of practical clinical usage (easy handling, high throughput and cost effectiveness), the pretreatment process was simplified (only including protein precipitation and mobile phase dilution steps) and the UPLC separation cycle was set within 6 min. The whole methodology was carefully validated according to the latest international guidelines showing the excellent selectivity, accuracy, precision, applicability and stability. After a 10 month clinical application, a retrospective analysis of 253 positive samples was carried out to investigate conformance with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie therapeutic reference range for Chinese patients. The results suggested good consistency for olanzapine, aripiprazole, paliperidone and ziprasidone, while for amisulpride, the plasma concentration level (445.2 ± 231.5 ng/mL) was relatively higher than the recommended range (100–320 ng/mL). We supposed that such phenomenon indicated the necessity of reconstructing a Chinese‐specific therapeutic reference range for amisulpride treatment, which would be helpful to improve medication efficiency and safety for Chinese patients.