bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The disparity in geographical accessibility to healthcare resources in Iran: the comparison of two cross-section
Authors: Emamgholipour Sefiddashti Sara , Kazemi Karyani Ali , Ghazanfari Sadegh 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– Accessing adequate healthcare to all people is one of the main goals of the health sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate healthcare services access development of the provinces in Iran during 2007 and 2013.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population included all the provinces in Iran. The data for 13 variables, including physical and human health resources, was collected from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the Statistics Center of Iran. Taxonomy technique was used to determine the degree of healthcare services access development in the provinces.

Findings
– The findings show that Semnan was the province with the most developed healthcare services access with development score of 0.342 while Sistan Balocehstan province was the least developed with development score of one in 2007. In the year 2013, Chahar-Mahal Bakhtiari and Sistan Baluchestan were the least and most developed provinces with scores of 0.551 and 0.989, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the development scores in access to healthcare services in 2007 and 2013 were 0.7463±0.1268 and 0.7766±0.1058, respectively.

Originality/value
– Most previous studies that examined disparities in access to healthcare resources in Iran only considered one resource. This study applied a taxonomy technique to investigate the disparity and changes in access using 13 main healthcare resources. This approach helped the authors to investigate whether the decisions of the policy makers were intended to eliminate the disparities.
Sensemaking and metacognitive prompting in ill-structured problems
Authors: Smy Victoria , Cahillane Marie , MacLean Piers 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop a set of generic prompting principles and a framework of prompts that have the potential to foster learning and skill acquisition among adult novices when performing complex, ill-structured problems.

Design/methodology/approach
– Relevant research in the literatures surrounding problem structure, sensemaking, expertise, metacognition, scaffolding, and cognitive load were reviewed and synthesised in order to derive generic prompting principles and guidelines for their implementation.

Findings
– A framework of generic principles and prompts is proposed. Differentiation between prompts supporting cognition either within, or after an ill-structured problem-solving task was supported.

Practical implications
– Prompts such as those proposed in the framework developed presently can be designed into technology-enhanced learning environments in order to structure and guide the cognitive processes of novices. In addition, prompts can be combined with other learning support technologies (e.g. research diaries, collaborative discourse) in order to support learning. Empirical testing will be required to quantify the potential benefits (and limitations of) the proposed prompting framework.

Originality/value
– The prompts developed constitute a framework for structuring and guiding learning efforts in domains where explicit, actionable feedback is often unavailable. The proposed framework offers a method of tailoring the scaffolding of prompts in order to support differing levels of problem structure and may serve as the basis for establishing an internalised and adaptive learning approach that can be transferred to new problems or contexts.
Overeducation and job satisfaction: the role of job demands and control
Authors: Verhaest Dieter , Verhofstadt Elsy 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how job demands and control contribute to the relationship between overeducation and job satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach
– The analysis is based on data for Belgian young workers up to the age of 26. The authors execute regression analyses, with autonomy, quantitative demands and job satisfaction as dependent variables. The authors account for unobserved individual heterogeneity by means of panel-data techniques.

Findings
– The results reveal a significant role of demands and control for the relationship between overeducation and job satisfaction. At career start, overeducated workers have less control than adequately educated individuals with similar skills levels, but more control than adequately educated employees doing similar work. Moreover, their control increases faster over the career than that of adequately educated workers with a similar educational background. Finally, demands have less adverse effects on satisfaction for high-skilled workers, irrespective of their match, while control moderates the negative satisfaction effect of overeducation.

Research limitations/implications
– Future research should look beyond the early career and focus on other potential compensation mechanisms for overeducation. Also the role of underlying mechanisms, such as job crafting, deserves more attention.

Practical implications
– The results suggest that providing more autonomy is an effective strategy to avoid job dissatisfaction among overeducated workers.

Originality/value
– The study connects two areas of research, namely, that on overeducation and its consequences and that on the role of job demands and control for workers’ well-being. The results contribute to a better understanding why overeducation persists. Moreover, they are consistent with the hypothesis that employers hire overeducated workers because they require less monitoring and are more able to cope with demands, although more direct evidence on this is needed.
Coaching for professional growth in one Australian school: “oil in water”
Authors: Netolicky Deborah M. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to build knowledge around the use of coaching to develop teachers’ professional practice in schools. It surfaces insider perspectives of teachers and school leaders in one Australian school, during the development of a model for teacher growth, which used a combination of cognitive coaching and the Danielson Framework for Teaching.

Design/methodology/approach
– A narrative approach to interview data were used to examine the perspectives of 14 educators – teachers and school leaders – involved in the implementation of a school-based cognitive coaching model.

Findings
– This study found that being a coach is an empowering and identity-shaping experience, that coaching for empowerment and capacity building benefits from a non-hierarchical relationship, and that coaching can be enhanced by the use of additional tools and approaches. Implementing a school-based cognitive coaching model, in conjunction with the Danielson Framework for Teaching, can have unexpected impacts on individuals, relationships, and organizations. As described by a participant, these butterfly effects can be non-linear, like “oil in water.”

Originality/value
– In examining teacher and school leader perceptions of a coaching model that trusts teachers’ capacity to grow, this paper shows what coaching and being coached can look like in context and in action. It reveals that cognitive coaching and the Danielson Framework for Teaching can be congruent tools for positive teacher and organizational growth, requiring a slow bottom-up approach to change, an organizational culture of trust, and coaching relationships free from judgment or power inequity. It additionally shows that the combination of being a coach, and also being coached, can facilitate empowerment, professional growth, and changes in belief and practice.
Determination of level of correlation for products of pharmaceutical industry by using modifiedX-bar chart
Authors: Prajapati D.R. , Singh Sukhraj 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– It is found that the process outputs from most of the industries are correlated and the performance ofX-bar chart deteriorates when the level of correlation increases. The purpose of this paper is to compute the level of correlation among the observations of the weights of tablets of a pharmaceutical industry by using modifiedX-bar chart.Design/methodology/approach– The design of the modifiedX-bar chart is based upon the sum ofχ2s, using warning limits and the performance of the chart is measured in terms of average run lengths (ARLs). The ARLs at various sets of parameters of the modifiedX-bar chart are computed; using MATLAB software at the given mean and standard deviation.Findings– The performance of the modifiedX-bar chart is computed for sample sizes of four. ARLs of optimal schemes ofX-bar chart for sample size of four are computed. Various optimal schemes of modifiedX-bar chart for sample size (n) of four at the levels of correlation (Φ) of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 are presented in this paper. Samples of weights of the tablets are taken from a pharmaceutical industry and computed the level of correlation among the observations of the weights of the tablets. It is found that the observations are closely resembled with the simulated observations for the level of correlation of 0.75 in this case study. The performance of modifiedX-bar chart for sample size (n) of four at the levels of correlation (Φ) of 0.50 and 0.75 is also compared with the conventional (Shewhart)X-bar chart and it is concluded that the modifiedX-bar chart performs better than ShewhartX-bar chart.Research limitations/implications– All the schemes are optimized by assuming the normal distribution. But this assumption may also be relaxed to design theses schemes for autocorrelated data. The optimal schemes for modifiedX-bar chart can also be used for other industries; where the manufacturing time of products is small. This scheme may also be used for any sample sizes suitable for the industriesPractical implications– The optimal scheme of modifiedX-bar chart for sample size (n) of four is used according to the computed level of correlation in the observations. The simple design of modifiedX-bar chart makes it more useful at the shop floor level for many industries where correlation exists. The correlation among the process outputs of any industry can be find out and corresponding to that level of correlation, the suggested control chart parameters can be used.Social implications– The design of modifiedX-bar chart uses very less numbers of parameters so it can be used at the shop floor level with ease. The rejection level of products in the industries can be reduced by designing the better control chart schemes which will also reduce the loss to the society as suggested by Taguchi (1985).Originality/value– Although; it is the extension of previous work but it can be applied to various manufacturing and service industries; where the data are correlated and normally distributed.
A critical exploration of “access” in qualitative international business field research
Authors: Fjellström Daniella , Guttormsen David S. A. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– Researchers often face challenges in locating and obtaining relevant and meaningful information during qualitative international business (IB) field research in other countries. This process constitutes an immensely critical phase, which determines the success or failure of the research endeavour. The purpose of this paper is to discuss “access” as a multidimensional and contestable concept that poses particular challenges in international and multicultural research contexts.Design/methodology/approach– This paper builds on the experience as field researchers in China/Hong Kong (120 in-depth interviews) and the need to disseminate acquired field experiences, in particular concerning “access”. The multifaceted issue of “access” is rarely featured on the IB methodological agenda, and has become a silent feature of qualitative IB research.Findings– This paper is devoted to this nexus: the lack of focus on “access” issues, and the rich sources of acquired, but mostly veiled, field experiences that feature in both IB and management research programmes. A plausible explanation for this circumstance relates to the influence of mainstream positivist and objectivist paradigms in which researchers are not recognised as having an impact on research processes, hence taking this silent feature for granted.Originality/value– By viewing the multiple dimensions of “access”, we move beyond the mainstream understanding that merely relates it to the question of gaining access to a physical site and/or the time of an individual, and in which “access” is only an enterprise of securing pre-existing, tangible information. Drawing upon specific international field research experiences, this paper contributes to the methodological debate concerning “access” – beyond “technicality” and towards a concept of socio-cultural and multidimensional research practice.
The role of vagal pathway andNK1andNK2receptors in cardiovascular and respiratory effects of neurokinin A
Authors: Kaczyńska Katarzyna , Jampolska Monika , Szereda‐Przestaszewska Małgorzata 
Published: May 2016

SummaryNeurokinin A (NKA) is a peptide neurotransmitter that participates in the regulation of breathing and the cardiovascular system. The purpose of the current study was to determine the cardiorespiratory pattern exerted by the systemic injection of NKA, to look at the contribution of neurokininNK1andNK2receptors, and to establish the engagement of the vagal pathway in mediation of these responses. The effects of intravenous injections ofNKA(50 μg/kg) were studied in anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing rats in the following experimental schemes: in neurally intact rats; and vagotomized at either midcervical or supranodosal level. Intravenous injections ofNKAin the intact rats evoked sudden and short‐lived increase in the respiratory rate concomitant with drop in tidal volume, followed by a prolonged depression, coupled with continuous augmentation of the tidal volume. Respiratory alterations were accompanied by transient tachycardia and prolonged hypotension. Midcervical vagotomy eliminated respiratory rate response and augmentation of tidal volume. Section of supranodosal vagi abrogated all respiratory reactions.NK2receptor blockade abolished respiratory changes without affecting cardiovascular effects, whereasNK1receptor blockade significantly reduced hypotension and increase in heart rate with no impact on the respiratory system. These results indicate thatNKAinduced changes in the breathing resulting from an excitation of theNK2receptors on the vagal endings. A fall in blood pressure triggered byNKAoccurs outside of the vagus nerve and is probably mediatedviaits direct action on vascular smooth muscles supplied withNK1receptors.
Pigment variations in Emiliania huxleyi (CCMP370) as a response to changes in light intensity or quality
Authors: Garrido José L. , Brunet Christophe , Rodríguez Francisco 
Published: May 2016

SummaryMany studies on photoacclimation examine the pigment responses to changes in light intensity, but variations in light climate in the aquatic environment are also related to changes in spectral composition. We have employed a high‐performance liquid chromatography method with improved resolution towards chlorophyll c and fucoxanthin‐related xanthophylls to examine the pigment composition of Emiliania huxleyi CCMP 370 under different light intensities and spectral qualities.To maintain its photosynthetic performance, E. huxleyi CCMP370 promotes drastic pigment changes that can be either the interconversion of pigments in pools with the same basic chromophoric structure (Fucoxanthin type or chlorophyll c type), or the ex novo synthesis (Diatoxanthin). These changes are linked either to variations in light quality (Fucoxanthin related xanthophylls) or in light intensity (chlorophyll c3/Monovinyl chlorophyll c3, Diadinoxanthin/Diatoxanthin, β,ɛ−carotene/ β,β‐carotene). Fucoxanthin and 19′‐hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin proportions were highly dependent on spectral conditions. Whereas Fucoxanthin dominated in green and red light, 19′‐hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin prevailed under blue spectral conditions.Our results suggest that the huge pigment diversity enhanced the photoacclimative capacities of E. huxleyi to efficiently perform under changing light environments. The ubiquity and success in the global ocean as well as the capacity of E. huxleyi to form large surface blooms might be associated to the plasticity described here.
Effect of a pager notification system on Australasian Triage Scale category 2 patients in a paediatric emergency department
Authors: Cheng Daryl R , McCartney Laura E , West Adam , Craig Simon S 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveAustralasian EDs have introduced innovative processes to ensure safe and timely management of patients. Our ED introduced a dedicated pager system to provide rapid assessment of Australasian Triage Scale (ATS) category 2 patients in an attempt to expedite ED care. The present paper aims to evaluate the impact of this initiative on time to clinician, ED length of stay (LOS) and clinical outcomes in a tertiary paediatric ED.MethodsRetrospective structured chart review on patients presenting in a 2 month period before the intervention (August–September 2009) and the same time 1 year later. Patients were grouped into common ATS category 2 presentations and analysed in these subcategories. Clinical indicators of appropriate and timely performance were selected from best practice performance guidelines.Results779 ATS category 2 patients were seen during the two periods: 370 pre‐intervention and 409 post‐intervention. The overall percentage of ATS category 2 patients seen within the target time increased by 22.3%, although there was no significant change in ED LOS. The median time for patients from triage to being seen by an ED clinician improved from 10 to 6 min (P < 0.01). However, we were unable to demonstrate an impact of the pager system on various clinical quality indicators.ConclusionsThe rapid assessment pager system proved beneficial in reducing triage to clinician times for ATS category 2 patients but showed no improvement in overall ED LOS or disease‐specific clinical quality indicators. Further research is needed to determine the influence of other components of ED functioning on clinical outcomes, as well as the overall clinical impact a pager system has on other measures of quality such as patient satisfaction and other subgroups of patients.
Physician assistants in Australasian emergency departments
Authors: Close Benjamin , Zolcinski Robert 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA physician assistant (PA) is a university qualified health professional who's primary role is to provide medical care under the direction and supervision of medical staff. This is a new profession in Australasia. The PA is well suited to working in both rural, regional and urban settings that deliver emergency medical care. A perspective is presented on their role and scope of practice within the Australasian emergency care system supported by some early findings from their use in a tertiary ED.
Wolbachiaendosymbionts in haplodiploid and diploid scolytine beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Authors: Kawasaki Yuuki , Schuler Hannes , Stauffer Christian , Lakatos Ferenc , Kajimura Hisashi 
Published: May 2016

SummaryHaplodiploidy is a sex determination system in which fertilized diploid eggs develop into females and unfertilized haploid eggs develop into males. The evolutionary explanations for this phenomenon include the possibility that haplodiploidy can be reinforced by infection with endosymbiotic bacteria, such asWolbachia. The subfamily Scolytinae contains species with haplodiploid and diploid sex determination systems. Thus, we studied the association withWolbachiain 12 diploid and 11 haplodiploid scolytine beetles by analyzingwspand multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of five loci in this endosymbiont.Wolbachiagenotypes were compared with mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (EF) genotypes in the scolytines. Eight of the 23 scolytine species were infected withWolbachia, with haplodiploids at significantly higher rates than diploid species. Cloning and sequencing detected multiple infections with up to sixWolbachiastrains in individual species. Phylogenetic analyses ofwspand five MLST genes revealed differentWolbachiastrains in scolytines. Comparisons between the beetle andWolbachiaphylogenies revealed that closely related beetles were infected with genetically differentWolbachiastrains. These results suggest the horizontal transmission of multipleWolbachiastrains between scolytines. We discuss these results in terms of the evolution of different sex determination systems in scolytine beetles.
The Effect of Tax Preparation Expenses for Employees: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Blaufus Kay , Hechtner Frank , Möhlmann Axel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUsing a panel of German income tax accounting data from taxpayers with no business income (employees), we find a negative relationship between tax preparation expenses and tax liabilities. However, preparation expenses are shown to exceed estimated tax savings. Specifically, one additional Euro spent on preparation yields an estimated tax savings of 72 cents in an OLS regression and 24 cents in a fixed effects regression. In addition, we observe substantial heterogeneity in tax savings among income groups, but even if we account for long‐term tax savings, tax liability reductions exceed tax preparation expenses only for the highest income quintile. In all other income quintiles, average preparation expenses exceed the estimated tax and time savings. Based on these results, we also examine whether other specific benefits affect an individual's decision to purchase tax preparation services, and the results indicate the importance of the benefits of coping with complexity and reduced uncertainty. Overall, our findings illustrate that the current tax compliance process violates at least two of Adam Smith's principles of taxation, taxes are neither certain nor fair.
Real‐world surgical outcomes of a gelatin‐hemostatic matrix in women requiring a hysterectomy: a matched case–control study
Authors: Obermair Helena , Janda Monika , Obermair Andreas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare adverse events and surgical outcomes of hysterectomy with or without use of a gelatin‐hemostatic matrix (SURGIFLO®).Materials and methodsProspective case–control study (Canadian Task Force classification II2) of total hysterectomy (Piver Type 1) provided by surgeons in Australia between November 2005 and May 2015. Data were collected via SurgicalPerformance, a web‐based data project which aims to provide confidential feedback to surgeons about their surgical outcomes. Of 2440 records of women who received a hysterectomy, 1351 were eligible for these analyses; 107 received SURGIFLO® hemostatic matrix to prevent postoperative blood loss and 1244 did not.ResultsPatients with or without SURGIFLO® differed in age, Charlson comorbidity index, and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system score (ASA), and also differed in clinical outcomes. After matching for patient's age and ASA at surgery, patients with and without SURGIFLO® had comparable baseline characteristics. Matched patients with and without SURGIFLO® had comparable clinical outcomes including risk of developing vault hematoma, return to the operating room, transfusion of red cells, surgical site infection (pelvis), readmission within 30 days and unplanned ICU admission.ConclusionsIn a sample matched by age and ASA, SURGIFLO® neither prevented nor caused additional adverse events in women undergoing hysterectomy. Surgeons used SURGIFLO® more commonly among women who were older, had more comorbidities and a higher ASA score. This indicates that it may be most useful in complicated surgery or cases.