bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of behavioural and milking traits in cows milked with a conventional or individual quarter milking system (Multilactor®) and with different milking persons
Authors: Hoffmann Gundula , Liermann Wendy , Ammon Christian , Rose-Meierhöfer Sandra 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a new type of milking system on the behaviour of cows during milking by comparing a conventional milking system (CON) with an individual quarter milking system (MUL), MultiLactor®. Sixty-eight dairy cows were observed during their milking times (32 cows in CON, 36 cows in MUL) using video recordings to analyse their behavioural traits. The udder preparation duration, milking duration and milk yield were also evaluated. No significant differences were found between the CON and the MUL regarding cows’ head posture (P=0.38), body posture (P=0.85), number of steps (P=0.08) and number of kicks (P=0.56). However, the milk yield was lower (P=0.02), just as the udder preparation duration (P<0.01) and milking duration (P=0.01) were shorter in the CON compared to the MUL. In addition, in regard to the milking person, differences were displayed in the head posture of the milked cows, kick-off or loss of teat cup or milking cluster, and frequency of udder preparation. In conclusion, the investigated milking systems did not markedly influence the behaviour of dairy cows; however, udder preparation duration, milking duration and milk yield were significantly greater for the MUL than for the CON. However, the milking person appears to have a greater impact on the behaviour of the cows than the milking system.
Towards Heat Stress Management in Small Ruminants – A Review
Authors: Al-Dawood Amani 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Small ruminants (sheep and goats) play a predominant role in the economy of million people, and have provided meat, milk, skin, wool and fiber for centuries. Animals undergo various kinds of stressors, i.e. physical, nutritional, chemical, psychological and heat stress (HS). Among all, HS is the most concerning at present in the ever-changing climatic scenario. Climate change is the most serious long-term challenge faced by small ruminants’ owners worldwide. HS results in decreased growth, reproduction, production, milk quantity and quality, as well as natural immunity, making animals more vulnerable to diseases, and even death. Thus, HS results in great economic losses, emphasizing the necessity to objectively assess animal welfare. The increasing demand for animal products paralleled by the frequent hot climate is a serious threat for the agriculture sector. The ability of sheep and goats to cope with HS without harming their welfare and productive performance has been often overrated. To date, little attention has been paid to comprehensive detailed data on the adverse effect of HS on sheep and goats. Therefore, this review discusses in detail the sheep and goats’ behavioral, physiological, molecular/cellular, hematological, biochemical and immunological responses under HS conditions. In addition, this review also presents the adverse effects of HS on reproduction and fertility, milk quantity and quality, feed intake, and water consumption of sheep and goats. Finally, this review suggests various methods for HS alleviation. In conclusion, HS impairs productivity and well-being in sheep and goats. The improved understanding of the impact of HS on small ruminants will help in developing management techniques to alleviate HS and highlighting the need for future researches on HS in sheep and goats.
Polymorphisms of the COL9A2, AOAH and FRZB Genes in the Horse Genome and their Association with the Occurrence of Osteochondrosis
Authors: Wypchło Maria , Korwin-Kossakowska Agnieszka , Bereznowski Andrzej , Hecold Mateusz , Lewczuk Dorota 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the chosen polymorphisms of the COL9A2, AOAH and FRZB genes and find their potential effect on the occurrence of osteochondrosis in Polish sport horses population. During two successive years, all 198 performance tested horses were checked for osteochondrosis. The health status of the horses was assessed based on 10 x-ray images of three joints: fetlock, hock and stifle, and scored on a 0-3 scale. The methodology of analysis of selected candidate genes using the PCR-RFLP technique was developed. The analysis of variance was performed to evaluate significance of the effect of the COL9A2, AOAH and FRZB genotype on the occurrence of osteochondrosis in individual joints. Fixed effects of breed, gender and training centre were taken into account in the analysis. The results showed a significant influence (P≤0.05) of the COL9A2 genotypes on the occurrence of osteochondrosis in fetlock and hock joints. Polymorphism of this gene, even not proved a causal mutation, appears to have effect on symptoms of the disease. In genes AOAH and FRZB there was no significant effect for investigated SNPs. Further analysis of the discussed genes/polymorphisms seems to be important.
Dietary organic trace minerals level influences eggshell quality and minerals retention in hens
Authors: Bai Shiping , Jin Gu , Li Delong , Ding Xuemei , Wang Jianping , Zhang Keying , Zeng Qiufeng , Ji Fengjie , Zhao Junmei 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of reduced levels of Cu, Zn, Mn in combination from organic mineral source on eggshell quality and mineral retention in hens. After feeding the basal diet (8.82 mg/kg Cu, 24.94 mg/kg Zn, and 16.38 mg/kg Mn) without Cu, Zn, and Mn addition for 4 weeks, hens (39-week-old) were assigned to 5 treatments according to the equal body weight and egg production for 12-week experimental trial. The 5 treatments included the basal diet without Cu, Zn, and Mn (NCON), and NCON added with 16-80-60 mg/kg Cu-Zn-Mn from sulfates (ITM100%), or 4-20-15, 8-40-30 or 16-80-60 mg/kg Cu-Zn-Mn from 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) mineral chelates (OTM25%, OTM50% or OTM100%). Supplementation of Cu, Zn, and Mn had no significant influences on the performance of hens. After 12 weeks feeding, eggshell breaking strength (EBS) decreased in the following order: OTM25% and ITM100% > OTM50% > NCON and OTM100%. The eggshell weight and thickness in OTM25% were greater than that in NCON, while not differing from that in ITM100%. The EBS and eggshell weight linearly decreased with increasing level of OTM. After 12 weeks feeding, supplementation of Cu, Zn, and Mn increased the concentrations of liver Zn, tibia Zn and Mn, and Zn and Mn retention in eggs as compared with NCON. No significant difference was observed in the concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Mn in liver and plasma, and Zn and Mn in eggs between any OTM treatment and ITM100% groups. Addition of OTM at increasing level had quadratic effect on tibia Cu, Zn, Mn concentrations, with the greater retention of Cu, Zn, and Mn in OTM50%. In conclusion, the OTM25% from HMT BA mineral chelates can substitute for ITM100% evaluated by the eggshell quality in the diet of laying hens.
The natural feed additives as immunostimulants in monogastric animal nutrition – a review
Authors: Kiczorowska Bożena , Samolińska Wioletta , Al-Yasiry Ali Ridha Mustafa , Kiczorowski Piotr , Winiarska-Mieczan Anna 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics could be a possible solution as immunostimulants in monogastric animal nutrition. Beneficial effects of application thereof in animals are determined by many factors, e.g. the type of the probiotic strain, probiotic compounds, or plant species used as a supplement. A significant role is also played by the animal species, dosage, and the time and method of administration. The activity of these compounds is primarily focused on prevention of pathogen infections and, consequently, improvement of animal welfare. Probiotics compete with pathogenic bacteria by covering the intestinal epithelium mucosa, thereby interrupting pathogen colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. Supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics can also induce positive changes in the intestinal morphology, e.g. elongation of villi or deepening of intestinal crypts. In a majority of cases, they also modulate the immune response of the host. They mobilise the cellular components of the innate immune system (macrophages and heterophils), which defend the animal organism against gastrointestinal infection. Another possibility is the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that modulate adaptive immunity or stabilization of the intestinal microbiome. The main target of immunomodulatory feed additives is reduction of local inflammation, enhancement of the function of the immune system, a substantial impact on the health status of livestock animals, and improvement of their health status and production performance.
Properties of two variables Toeplitz type operators
Authors: Król-Klimkowska Elżbieta , Ptak Marek 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe investigation of properties of generalized Toeplitz operators with respect to the pairs of doubly commuting contractions (the abstract analogue of classical two variable Toeplitz operators) is proceeded. We especially concentrate on the condition of existence such a non-zero operator. There are also presented conditions of analyticity of such an operator.
The mineralization effect of wheat straw on soil properties described by MFPC analysis and other methods
Authors: Jakubus Monika , Krzyśko Mirosław , Wołyński Waldemar , Graczyk Małgorzata 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Recycling of crop residues is essential to sustain soil fertility and crop production. Despite the positive effect of straw incorporation, the slow decomposition of that organic substance is a serious issue. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of winter wheat straws with different degrees of stem solidness on the rate of decomposition and soil properties. An incubation experiment lasting 425 days was carried out in controlled conditions. To perform analyses, soil samples were collected after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91, 119, 147, 175, 203, 231, 259, 313, 341, 369, 397 and 425 days of incubation. The addition of two types of winter wheat straw with different degree of stem solidness into the sandy soil differentiated the experimental treatments. The results demonstrate that straw mineralization was a relatively slow process and did not depend on the degree of filling of the stem by pith. Multivariate functional principal component analysis (MFPC) gave proof of significant variation between the control soil and the soil incubated with the straws. The first functional principal component describes 48.53% and the second 18.55%, of the variability of soil properties. Organic carbon, mineral nitrogen and sum of bases impact on the first functional principal component, whereas, magnesium, sum of bases and total nitrogen impact on the second functional principal component.
Immune Renal Injury: Similarities and Differences Between Glomerular Diseases and Transplantation
Authors: Marinaki Smaragdi , Boletis John 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Glomerular diseases and renal transplantation are the main fields in nephrology in which the immune system plays a prevalent role. They have for long been considered as independent conditions due to the prominent role of autoimmunity in glomerular diseases and of alloimmunity in renal transplantation.
Moreover, histologic features differ between glomerular diseases and transplantation: in glomerular diseases, histologic damage involves primarily the glomeruli and secondarily the tubulointerstitium and small vessels, whereas in transplantation, allograft injury comprises primarily the tubulointerstitium and vessels and to a lesser degree the glomeruli.
However, recent research has shown that the pathogenetic mechanisms in both conditions share common pathways and that there is cross-reaction between innate and adaptive immunity as well as between auto- and alloimmunity [1].
Primary Amyloidosis Presenting with Nephrotic Syndrome and Atypical Intrahepatic Cholestasis: Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Ilgen Ufuk , Celebi Zeynep Kendi , Kaygusuz Gulsah , Kutlay Sim , Nergizoglu Gokhan , Ates Kenan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Liver is one of the most commonly involved organs in both primary and secondary systemic amyloidoses, but hepatic amyloidosis, manifested as mild to moderate enlargement, is usually not symptomatic nor it is clinically problematic. Rarely, massive hepatomegaly, severe cholestatic hepatitis or liver failure may be encountered in patients with systemic amyloidosis. Two cases with lambda light-chain amyloidosis presenting with nephrotic syndrome and atypical intrahepatic cholestasis are discussed with clinical features, laboratory and kidney, liver and bone marrow biopsy findings in view of the relevant literature.
Calcified Double J Stent after Sequential Liver and Renal Transplantation Associated to Primary Oxalosis: Case Report
Authors: Sinangil Ayse , Celik Vedat , Barlas Soykan , Altunrende Fatih , Akin Emin Baris , Ecder Tevfik 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHyperoxaluria type I (HPI) is a metabolic disorder secondary to liver alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase deficiency. Renal failure occurs due to the excessive production and precipitation of oxalate in the kidney. Combined liver-renal transplantation is the correct treatment for this condition when end-stage renal failure occurs since in renal transplantation alone the risk of recurrence of the same pathology in the transplanted kidney would be high.We determined the calcification surrounding the double J stent inserted to the transplant ureter in a short time in a 22-year-old patient who underwent sequential liver and renal transplantation with the diagnoses of oxalosis. In the literature we have not found papers on calcification of double J stent following combined or sequential transplantation. Although after the sequential transplantation the calcification, nephrocalcinosis, and renal stones were practically not of great concern, these patients should be followed up more carefully in terms of stent calcification during the early post-transplant period.
Existing Steel Railway Bridges Evaluation
Authors: Vičan Josef , Gocál Jozef , Odrobiňák Jaroslav , Koteš Peter 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The article describes general principles and basis of evaluation of existing railway bridges based on the concept of load-carrying capacity determination. Compared to the design of a new bridge, the modified reliability level for existing bridges evaluation should be considered due to implementation of the additional data related to bridge condition and behaviour obtained from regular inspections. Based on those data respecting the bridge remaining lifetime, a modification of partial safety factors for actions and materials could be respected in the bridge evaluation process. A great attention is also paid to the specific problems of determination of load-caring capacity of steel railway bridges in service. Recommendation for global analysis and methodology for existing steel bridge superstructure load-carrying capacity determination are described too.
Lattice Boltzmann Method for Two-Dimensional Unsteady Incompressible Flow
Authors: Mužík Juraj 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA Lattice Boltzmann method is used to analyse incompressible fluid flow in a two-dimensional cavity and flow in the channel past cylindrical obstacle. The method solves the Boltzmann’s transport equation using simple computational grid - lattice. With the proper choice of the collision operator, the Boltzmann’s equation can be converted into incompressible Navier-Stokes equation. Lid-driven cavity benchmark case for various Reynolds numbers and flow past cylinder is presented in the article. The method produces stable solutions with results comparable to those in literature and is very easy to implement.
Contribution to Estimating Bearing Capacity of Pile in Clayey Soils
Authors: Drusa Marián , Gago Filip , Vlček Jozef 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe estimation of real geotechnical parameters is key factor for safe and economic design of geotechnical structures. One of these are pile foundations, which require proper design and evaluation due to accessing more deep foundation soil and because remediation work of not bearable piles or broken piles is a crucial operation. For this reason, geotechnical field testing like cone penetration test (CPT), standard penetration (SPT) or dynamic penetration test (DP) are realized in order to receive continuous information about soil strata. Comparing with rotary core drilling type of survey with sampling, these methods are more progressive. From engineering geologist point of view, it is more important to know geological characterization of locality but geotechnical engineers have more interest above the real geotechnical parameters of foundation soils. The role of engineering geologist cannot be underestimated because important geological processes in origin or during history can explain behaviour of a geological environment. In effort to streamline the survey, investigation by penetration tests is done as it is able to provide enough information for designers. This paper deals with actual trends in pile foundation design; because there are no new standards and usable standards are very old. Estimation of the bearing capacity of a single pile can be demonstrated on the example of determination of the cone factorNkfrom CPT testing. Then results were compared with other common methods.
Rock Slide Monitoring by Using TDR Inclinometers
Authors: Drusa Marián , Bulko Roman 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The geotechnical monitoring of the slope deformations is widespread at present time. In many geological localities and civil engineering construction areas, monitoring is a unique tool for controlling of negative factors and processes, also inform us about actual state of rock environment or interacting structures. It is necessary for risk assessment. In our case, geotechnical monitoring is controlling rockslide activity around in the future part of motorway. The construction of new highway route D1 from Bratislava to Košice crosses the territory which is affected by a massive rockslide close to Kraľovany village. There was a need to monitor the activity of a large unstable rockslide with deep shear planes. In this case of underground movement activity, the Department of Geotechnics of the University of Žilina installed inclinometers at the unstable area which worked on Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) principle. Based on provided measurements, effectivity and suitability of TDR inclinometers for monitoring of deep underground movement activity is demonstrated.
Flaxseed oil supplementation manipulates correlations between serum individual mol % free fatty acid levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetics. Insulin resistance and percent remaining pancreatic β-cell function are unaffected
Authors: Barre DE , Mizier-Barre KA , Griscti O , Hafez K 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objectives. Elevated total serum free fatty acids (FFAs) concentrations have been suggested, controversially, to enhance insulin resistance and decrease percent remaining β-cell function. However, concentrations of individual serum FFAs have never been published in terms of their relationship (correlation) to homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and percent remaining β-cell function (HOMA-%β) in the type 2 diabetics (T2Ds). Alpha-linolenic acid consumption has a negative correlation with the insulin resistance, which in turn is negatively correlated with the remaining β-cell function. The primary objective was to test the hypothesis that there would be different relationship (correlation) between the blood serum individual free FFA mol % levels and HOMA-IR and/or HOMA-%β in T2D. The secondary objective was to test the hypothesis that flaxseed oil, previously being shown to be ineffective in the glycemic control in T2Ds, may alter these correlations in a statistically significant manner as well as HOMA-IR and/or HOMA-%β.

Methods. Patients were recruited via a newspaper advertisement and two physicians have been employed. All the patients came to visit one and three months later for a second visit. At the second visit, the subjects were randomly assigned (double blind) to flaxseed or safflower oil treatment for three months, until the third visit.

Results. Different statistically significant correlations or trends towards among some serum individual free FFA mol % levels and HOMA-IR and HOMA-%β, pre- and post-flaxseed and safflower oil supplementation were found. However, flaxseed oil had no impact on HOMA-IR or HOMA-%β despite statistically significant alterations in correlations compared to baseline HOMA-IR.

Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that high doses of flaxseed oil have no statistically significant effect on HOMA-IR or HOMA-%β in T2Ds, probably due to the additive effects of negative and positive correlations.
Protective effects of boron and vitamin E on ethylene glycol-induced renal crystal calcium deposition in rat
Authors: Bahadoran H , Naghii MR , Mofid M , Asadi MH , Ahmadi K , Sarveazad A 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objectives. Kidney stone disease is a common form of renal disease. Antioxidants, such as vitamin E (Vit E) and boron, are substances that reduce the damage caused by oxidation.

Methods. Adult male rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6). In group 1, rats received standard food and water for 28 days (control group); in group 2, standard rodent food and water with 0.75% ethylene glycol/d (dissolved in drinking water) (EG Group); in group 3, similar to group 2, with 3 mg of boron/d (dissolved in water) (EG+B Group); in group 4, similar to group 2, with 200 IU of vitamin E injected intraperitoneally on the first day and the 14th day, (EG+Vit E Group); in group 5, mix of groups 3 and 4, respectively (EG+B+Vit E Group).

Results. Kidney sections showed that crystals in the EG group increased significantly in comparison with the control group. Crystal calcium deposition score in groups of EG+B (160), EG+Vit E, and EG+B+Vit E showed a significant decrease compared to EG group. Measurement of the renal tubules area and renal tubular epithelial histological score showed the highest significant dilation in the EG group. Tubular dilation in the EG+B+Vit E group decreased compared to the EG+B and EG+Vit E groups.

Conclusions. Efficient effect of boron and Vit E supplements, separately and in combination, has a complimentary effect in protection against the formation of kidney stones, probably by decreasing oxidative stress.
The standstill clause mechanism on the example of the tax on civil law transactions as applied to capital contributions
Authors: Kanka Kacper 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article contains general characteristics of both the standstill clause, in particular its objectives and functions regarding tax law, as well as a description of the mechanism of its application. At the end, the article contains proposals for both the direct subject of this work and the impact of the case law of the ECJ on the interpretation and application of the EU law and national legislation which implements this law. As stated in the article, proper application of the standstill clause should be preceded by a thorough analysis of the EU law, national provisions and case law of the ECJ. In the article, in order to ensure the transparency of the process, a test has been proposed the results of which should indicate whether the national provisions constitute the so-called permitted derogation. Current rules relating to Polish tax on civil law transactions are partially incompatible with EU rules - they do not constitute a permitted derogation and should not be used.