bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio‐Healthcare for Older People in the Mediterranean Basin: An Integrative Review and Quality Appraisal
Authors: Porcel‐Gálvez Ana María , Allande‐Cussó Regina , Fadden Isotta Mac , Ferentinou Eleni , Zafiropoulou Maria , Lima‐Serrano Marta 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aging Mediterranean Basin population presents complex challenges for healthcare systems, which require innovative care approaches. The study aimed to critically assess 19 socio‐healthcare practices in the Mediterranean Basin that target the elderly population by analyzing their theoretical foundations, integration of care services, ethical considerations, gender‐specific approaches, and use of technology.DesignAn integrative literature review was conducted using a structured methodology.SampleDiverse sources across multiple languages were searched, with the inclusion criteria focusing on the alignment of socio‐healthcare practices with the components of the nursing metaparadigm, the incorporation of transversal values, and relevance to the elderly population.ResultsThe socio‐healthcare practices exhibited common themes, such as person‐centered care, interdisciplinary collaboration, and incorporation of technology for coordinated care delivery. Ethical principles of autonomy, dignity, and respect were central, with some socio‐healthcare practices addressing gender‐specific care needs. Evidence‐based findings emphasized holistic care, integration, ethics, and innovation in elderly socio‐healthcare.ConclusionsNew eldercare frameworks should integrate these aspects, which offer a comprehensive approach to addressing the complex needs of elderly patients. Managers should design systems prioritizing patient well‐being, whereas policymakers should develop equitable and high‐quality care policies that collectively improve the well‐being of the elderly population in the Mediterranean Basin.
Carbon border adjustments or climate clubs: Impacts on African agricultural sectors under different cooperative scenarios
Authors: Bassi Andrea M. , Calciolari Francesco , Costantini Valeria , D'Angeli Mariagrazia , Paglialunga Elena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite the rapid acceleration of climate change, international climate negotiations have yet to implement effective mitigation action. This failure can be attributed to the phenomenon of free‐riding behaviours and the adverse effects of unilateral abatement policies, such as carbon leakage. The introduction of a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), as planned by the EU and the creation of climate clubs represent two potential solutions. However, both present uncertainties regarding their trade impacts, effectiveness and equity implications, particularly for developing countries. The outcome of these alternative unilateral or cooperative solutions is analysed using a dynamic CGE model, with a particular focus on the EU‐Africa relations and the agricultural sector. The results indicate that the effectiveness of CBAM in preventing carbon leakage and supporting EU climate goals depends on foreign partners implementing domestic carbon pricing mechanisms. Conversely, for African regions, domestic mitigation efforts and exemption from CBAM can enhance export competitiveness on EU markets while reducing global carbon leakage. Overall, the establishment of climate clubs, coupled with the transfer of technology and the diffusion of best practices in agriculture, can support developing countries and facilitate an inclusive and environmentally beneficial development transition.
Characterisation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Special‐Fed Veal Production Environments
Authors: Dunmyre Alexander , Vinayamohan Poonam , Locke Samantha R. , Cheng Ting‐Yu , Schaffner Victoria , Habing Greg 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the leading public health threats globally. AMR genes can be transferred between bacteria through lateral gene transfer, and AMR organisms can spread through environments by contaminated water, agriculture and animals. Thus, widespread environmental dissemination of bacteria and lateral gene transfer facilitate AMR transmission pathways. Farm environments in dairy and calf production are known to harbour AMR bacteria that pose a risk for food contamination and to workers in direct or indirect contact with animals. Escherichia coli is present in farm environments and is known to participate in lateral gene transfer, providing a good marker of resistance genes in each environment.MethodsIn this study, E. coli from nine cohorts of calves was isolated at different time points from nine barns, nine trailers and one slaughterhouse environment in a single special‐fed veal calf production facility. The antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 antimicrobials, classified as highly or critically important by the World Health Organization, was characterised for E. coli isolates using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion.ResultsThe highest proportion of isolates showing multidrug resistance was present in barn environments (51.7%), where calves were housed from their arrival at < 2 weeks of age until they were transported to slaughter. Additionally, 15 E. coli isolates were resistant to 11 of the 15 antimicrobials tested. Trailer and slaughterhouse environments had greater prevalence of resistance after accommodating calves, including resistance to third‐generation cephalosporins.ConclusionThese data highlight the importance of calf environments in the dissemination of resistant bacteria and gives insight into where interventions could be most effective in combatting antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria that could infect humans and livestock.
Boundary-Element Analysis of the Noise Scattering for Urban Aerial Mobility Vehicles: Solver Development and Assessment
Authors: Deng Yuanyuan , Wang Zhaohuan , Zhou Teng , Wu Jiafeng , Jiang Hanbo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Urban aerial mobility (UAM) vehicles with multipropeller configurations have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, previous investigations have mainly focused on the aerodynamic noise from individual propellers, with limited focus on the fuselage’s sound scattering effects which can alter the far-field noise directivity. In this work, an efficient boundary element solver for sound scattering was developed to fill this gap. The solver employs hierarchical matrices to save computational cost. The benchmark examples showed high accuracy and good scalability. A representative vehicle model was then chosen, and the propeller noise was simulated using rotating sources. Results show that the shielding effect in the fuselage/propeller configuration can produce an apparent noise reduction and redirect sound energy distribution, suggesting the importance of considering the fuselage in low-noise UAM development.
“One Day . . . It Won’t Be a Big Story”: Analyzing the Media Response to Female National Football League Coaches
Authors: Taylor Katie 
Published: October 2024

In 2015, Dr. Jen Welter became the first woman to coach in the National Football League (NFL). Other female coaches followed. Yet, sports-studies scholars know little about the media’s response to these football pioneers. This paper presents critical themes on how popular media discussed female coaches by analyzing the hiring announcements of four women who coach or have coached in the NFL. Utilizing a critical feminist lens, this paper demonstrates that media outlets reproduced conventional media tropes by reassuring readers that women have the requisite knowledge, trivializing women’s achievements, underscoring the need for male player support, emphasizing appearance, and permitting sexist comments. However, it is evident that online publishers are simultaneously making progress. In most cases, the articles represented the coaches in ways that differ from how female athletes have been historically depicted. This research reveals nonlinear and incremental progress toward gender equality in football.
Development of a safe and broad-spectrum attenuated PEDV vaccine candidate by S2 subunit replacement
Authors: Zhang Ding , Xie Yunfei , Liao Qi , Jiao Zhe , Liang Rui , Zhang Jintao , Zhang Yu , Tan Yubei , Wang Huanbin , Zhang Wanpo , Xiao Shaobo , Peng Guiqing , Shi Yuejun 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has caused serious economic losses to the swine livestock industry. Due to the rapid variation in the PEDV) genome, especially the spike (S) protein, the cross-protection ability of antibodies between different vaccine strains is weakened. Hence, the rapid development of safe, broad-spectrum and highly effective attenuated PEDV vaccine still needs further research. Here, we found that the replacement of the S2 subunit had little effect on S protein immunogenicity. Moreover, the chimeric virus (YN-S2
DR13
), the S protein of the YN strain was replaced by the DR13 S2 subunit, which lost its trypsin tropism and increased its propagation ability (approximately 1 titer) in Vero cells. Then, the pathogenesis of YN-S2
DR13
was evaluated in neonatal piglets. Importantly, quantitative real-time PCR, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry confirmed that the virulence of YN-S2
DR13
was significantly reduced compared with that of YN. Immunization with YN-S2
DR13
induced neutralizing antibodies against both YN and DR13 in weaned piglets.
In vitro
passaging data also showed that YN-S2
DR13
had good genetic stability. Collectively, these results suggest that YN-S2
DR13
has significant advantages as a novel vaccine candidate, including a capacity for viral propagation to high titers with no trypsin requirement and the potential to provide protection against both PEDV G1 and G2 strains infections. Our results also suggests that S2 subunit replacement using reverse genetics can be a rapid strategy for the rational design of live attenuated vaccines for PEDV.

IMPORTANCE

Emerging highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) G2 strains has caused substantial economic losses worldwide. Vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine is a promising method to prevent and control PED because it can induce a strong immune response (including T- and B-cell immunity). Previous studies have demonstrated that the S2 subunit of the PEDV spike (S) protein is the determinant of PEDV trypsin independence. Here, we evaluated the pathogenicity, tissue tropism, and immunogenicity of the chimeric virus (YN-S2
DR13
) via animal experiments. We demonstrated that YN-S2
DR13
strain, as a trypsin independent strain, increased intracellular proliferation capacity, significantly reduced virulence, and induced broad-spectrum neutralization protection against PEDV G1 and G2 strains.
In vitro
passaging data also validated the stability of YN-S2
DR13
. Our results showed that generating a chimeric PEDV strain that is trypsin-independent by replacing the S2 subunit is a promising approach for designing a live attenuated vaccine for PEDV in the future.
Pan-flavivirus analysis reveals sfRNA-independent, 3′ UTR-biased siRNA production from an insect-specific flavivirus
Authors: Besson Benoit , Overheul Gijs J. , Wolfinger Michael T. , Junglen Sandra , van Rij Ronald P. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

RNA interference (RNAi) plays an essential role in mosquito antiviral immunity, but it is not known whether viral small interfering RNA (siRNA) profiles differ between mosquito-borne and mosquito-specific viruses. A pan-Orthoflavivirus analysis in
Aedes albopictus
cells revealed that viral siRNAs were evenly distributed across the viral genome of most representatives of the
Flavivirus
genus. In contrast, siRNA production was biased toward the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the genomes of classical insect-specific flaviviruses (cISF), which was most pronounced for Kamiti River virus (KRV), a virus with a unique, 1.2 kb long 3′ UTR. KRV-derived siRNAs were produced in high quantities and almost exclusively mapped to the 3′ UTR. We mapped the 5′ end of KRV subgenomic flavivirus RNAs (sfRNAs), products of the 5′−3′ exoribonuclease XRN1/Pacman stalling on secondary RNA structures in the 3′ UTR of the viral genome. We found that KRV produces high copy numbers of a long, 1,017 nt sfRNA1 and a short, 421 nt sfRNA2, corresponding to two predicted XRN1-resistant elements. Expression of both sfRNA1 and sfRNA2 was reduced in
Pacman
-deficient
Aedes albopictus
cells; however, this did not correlate with a shift in viral siRNA profiles. We suggest that cISFs, particularly KRV, developed a unique mechanism to produce high amounts of siRNAs as a decoy for the antiviral RNAi response in an sfRNA-independent manner.

IMPORTANCE

The
Flavivirus
genus contains diverse mosquito viruses ranging from insect-specific viruses circulating exclusively in mosquito populations to mosquito-borne viruses that cause disease in humans and animals. Studying the mechanisms of virus replication and antiviral immunity in mosquitoes is important to understand arbovirus transmission and may inform the development of disease control strategies. In insects, RNA interference (RNAi) provides broad antiviral activity and constitutes a major immune response against viruses. Comparing diverse members of the
Flavivirus
genus, we found that all flaviviruses are targeted by RNAi. However, the insect-specific Kamiti River virus was unique in that small interfering RNAs are highly skewed toward its uniquely long 3′ untranslated region. These results suggest that mosquito-specific viruses have evolved unique mechanisms for genome replication and immune evasion.
The structural and mechanistic bases for the viral resistance to allosteric HIV-1 integrase inhibitor pirmitegravir
Authors: Dinh Tung , Tber Zahira , Rey Juan S. , Mengshetti Seema , Annamalai Arun S. , Haney Reed , Briganti Lorenzo , Amblard Franck , Fuchs James R. , Cherepanov Peter , Kim Kyungjin , Schinazi Raymond F. , Perilla Juan R. , Kim Baek , Kvaratskhelia Mamuka 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Allosteric HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors (ALLINIs) are investigational antiretroviral agents that potently impair virion maturation by inducing hyper-multimerization of IN and inhibiting its interaction with viral genomic RNA. The pyrrolopyridine-based ALLINI pirmitegravir (PIR) has recently advanced into phase 2a clinical trials. Previous cell culture-based viral breakthrough assays identified the HIV-1
(Y99H/A128T IN)
variant that confers substantial resistance to this inhibitor. Here, we have elucidated the unexpected mechanism of viral resistance to PIR. Although both Tyr99 and Ala128 are positioned within the inhibitor binding V-shaped cavity at the IN catalytic core domain (CCD) dimer interface, the Y99H/A128T IN mutations did not substantially affect the direct binding of PIR to the CCD dimer or functional oligomerization of full-length IN. Instead, the drug-resistant mutations introduced a steric hindrance at the inhibitor-mediated interface between CCD and C-terminal domain (CTD) and compromised CTD binding to the CCD
Y99H/A128T
+ PIR complex. Consequently, full-length IN
Y99H/A128T
was substantially less susceptible to the PIR-induced hyper-multimerization than the WT protein, and HIV-1
(Y99H/A128T IN)
conferred >150-fold resistance to the inhibitor compared with the WT virus. By rationally modifying PIR, we have developed its analog EKC110, which readily induced hyper-multimerization of IN
Y99H/A128T
in vitro
and was ~14-fold more potent against HIV-1
(Y99H/A128T IN)
than the parent inhibitor. These findings suggest a path for developing improved PIR chemotypes with a higher barrier to resistance for their potential clinical use.

IMPORTANCE
Antiretroviral therapies save the lives of millions of people living with HIV (PLWH). However, the evolution of multi-drug-resistant viral phenotypes is a major clinical problem, and there are limited or no treatment options for heavily treatment-experienced PLWH. Allosteric HIV-1 integrase inhibitors (ALLINIs) are a novel class of antiretroviral compounds that work by a unique mechanism of binding to the non-catalytic site on the viral protein and inducing aberrant integrase multimerization. Accordingly, ALLINIs potently inhibit both wild-type HIV-1 and all drug-resistant viral phenotypes that have so far emerged against currently used therapies. Pirmitegravir, a highly potent and safe investigational ALLINI, is currently advancing through clinical trials. Here, we have elucidated the structural and mechanistic bases behind the emergence of HIV-1 integrase mutations in infected cells that confer resistance to pirmitegravir. In turn, our findings allowed us to rationally develop an improved ALLINI with substantially enhanced potency against the pirmitegravir-resistant virus.
Complete genome sequence of a lumpy skin disease virus isolate from a 2021 outbreak of disease in Bangladesh
Authors: Samad Mohammed A. , Hossen Anowar , Karim Md. Rezaul , Uddin A. S. M. Ashab , Roy Dipu , Shithi Khairun Nahar , Akter Mst Nazia , Das Taposh Kumar , Selleck Paul W. , Bulach Dieter M. , Bowden Timothy R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically devasting and vector-borne transboundary disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an outbreak isolate of LSDV from Bangladesh. Bangladesh LSD-29 was detected in skin nodule samples of an LSD-infected bovine in 2021.
Draft genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas putida
strains, isolated from dairy cows with clinical mastitis and their farm environment
Authors: Mallick Tima Tisa , Siddique Naim , Rahman Md. Morshedur , Shuvo Khaled Hassan , Das Ziban Chandra , Hoque M. Nazmul 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

We sequenced the genomes of three multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas putida
strains namely 11CM-M1, 11CM-F1, and 11CM-S1, isolated from milk, feces, and farm soil samples collected from dairy cows with clinical mastitis. The assembled draft genomes of these
P. putida
strains were approximately 5.6 Mbp, with a GC content of 62.4%.
Effect of C-to-T transition at CpG sites on tumor suppressor genes in tumor development in cattle evaluated by somatic mutation analysis in enzootic bovine leukosis
Authors: Nishimori Asami , Andoh Kiyohiko , Matsuura Yuichi , Okagawa Tomohiro , Konnai Satoru 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Oncogenic transformation of normal cells is caused by mutations and chromosomal abnormalities in cancer-related genes. Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a malignant B-cell lymphoma caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in cattle. Although a small fraction of BLV-infected cattle develops EBL after a long latent period, the mechanisms for oncogenesis in EBL cattle remain largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the types and patterns of somatic mutations in cancer cells from 36 EBL cases, targeting 21 cancer-related genes. Various somatic mutations were identified in eight genes,
TP53
,
KMT2D
,
CREBBP
,
KRAS
,
PTEN
,
NOTCH1
,
MYD88
, and
CARD11
. In addition,
TP53
gene was found to be mutated in 69.4% of EBL cases, with most being biallelic mutations. In some cases, associations were observed between the ages at which cattle had developed EBL and somatic mutation patterns; young onset of EBL possibly occurs due to high impact mutations affecting protein translation and biallelic mutations. Furthermore, nucleotide substitution patterns indicated that cytosine at CpG sites tended to be converted to thymine in many EBL cases, which was considered to be the result of spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine. These results demonstrate how somatic mutations have occurred in cancer cells leading to EBL development, thereby explaining its pathogenic mechanism. These findings will contribute to a better understanding and future elucidation of disease progression in BLV infection.

IMPORTANCE
Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a malignant and lethal disease in cattle. Currently, there are no effective vaccines or therapeutic methods against bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, resulting in severe economic losses in livestock industry. This study provides a renewed hypothesis to explain the general mechanisms of EBL onset by combining the previous finding that several integration sites of BLV provirus can affect the increase in survival and proliferation of infected cells. We demonstrate that two additional random events are necessary for oncogenic transformation in infected cell clones, elucidating the reason why only few infected cattle develop EBL. Further exploration of somatic mutation and BLV integration sites could support this hypothesis more firmly, potentially contributing to the development of novel control methods for EBL onset.
Marine biofilms: cyanobacteria factories for the global oceans
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Yamanouchi Shun , Li Yingdong , Chen Jiawei , Wei Tong , Wang Ruojun , Zhou Kun , Cheng Aifang , Hao Weiduo , Liu Hongbin , Konhauser Kurt O. , Iwasaki Wataru , Qian Pei-Yuan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Marine biofilms were newly revealed as a giant microbial diversity pool for global oceans. However, the cyanobacterial diversity in marine biofilms within the upper seawater column and its ecological and evolutionary implications remains undetermined. Here, we reconstructed a full picture of modern marine cyanobacteria habitats by re-analyzing 9.3 terabyte metagenomic data sets and 2,648 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The abundances of cyanobacteria lineages exclusively detected in marine biofilms were up to ninefold higher than those in seawater at similar sample size. Analyses revealed that cyanobacteria in marine biofilms are specialists with strong geographical and environmental constraints on their genome and functional adaption, which is in stark contrast to the generalistic features of seawater-derived cyanobacteria. Molecular dating suggests that the important diversifications in biofilm-forming cyanobacteria appear to coincide with the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), “boring billion” middle Proterozoic, and the Neoproterozoic Oxidation Event (NOE). These new insights suggest that marine biofilms are large and important cyanobacterial factories for the global oceans.

IMPORTANCE
Cyanobacteria, highly diverse microbial organisms, play a crucial role in Earth’s oxygenation and biogeochemical cycling. However, their connection to these processes remains unclear, partly due to incomplete surveys of oceanic niches. Our study uncovered significant cyanobacterial diversity in marine biofilms, showing distinct niche differentiation compared to seawater counterparts. These patterns reflect three key stages of marine cyanobacterial diversification, coinciding with major geological events in the Earth's history.