bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urea and lipid extraction treatment effects on δ15N and δ13C values in pelagic sharks
Authors: Li Yunkai , Zhang Yuying , Hussey Nigel E. , Dai Xiaojie 
Published: December 2015

RationaleStable isotope analysis (SIA) provides a powerful tool to investigate diverse ecological questions for marine species, but standardized values are required for comparative assessments. For elasmobranchs, their unique osmoregulatory strategy involves retention of 15N‐depleted urea in body tissues and this may bias δ15N values. This may be a particular problem for large predatory species, where δ15N discrimination between predator and consumed prey can be small.MethodsWe evaluated three treatments (deionized water rinsing [DW], chloroform/methanol [LE] and combined chloroform/methanol and deionized water rinsing [LE+DW]) applied to white muscle tissue of 125 individuals from seven pelagic shark species to (i) assess urea and lipid effects on stable isotope values determined by IRMS and (ii) investigate mathematical normalization of these values.ResultsFor all species examined, the δ15N values and C:N ratios increased significantly following all three treatments, identifying that urea removal is required prior to SIA of pelagic sharks. The more marked change in δ15N values following DW (1.3 ± 0.4‰) and LE+DW (1.2 ± 0.6‰) than following LE alone (0.7 ± 0.4‰) indicated that water rinsing was more effective at removing urea. The DW and LE+DW treatments lowered the %N values, resulting in an increase in C:N ratios from the unexpected low values of <2.6 in bulk samples to ~3.1 ± 0.1, the expected value of protein. The δ13C values of all species also increased significantly following LE and LE+DW treatments.ConclusionsGiven the mean change in δ15N (1.2 ± 0.6‰) and δ13C values (0.7 ± 0.4‰) across pelagic shark species, it is recommended that muscle tissue samples be treated with LE+DW to efficiently extract both urea and lipids to standardize isotopic values. Mathematical normalization of urea and lipid‐extracted δ15NLE+DW and δ13CLE+DW values using the lipid‐extracted δ15NLE and δ13CLE data were established for all pelagic shark species. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total energy expenditure assessed by salivary doubly labelled water analysis and its relevance for short‐term energy balance in humans
Authors: Guidotti Stefano , Verstappen‐Dumoulin Berthe M. A. A. A. , Jansen Henk G. , Aerts‐Bijma Anita T. , van Vliet André A. , Scheurink Anton J. W. , Meijer Harro A. J. , van Dijk Gertjan 
Published: December 2015

RationaleThe doubly labelled water (DLW) method is a stable isotopic technique for measuring total energy expenditure (TEE). Saliva is the easiest sampling fluid for assessing isotopic enrichments, but blood is considered superior because of its rapid exchange with body water. Therefore, we compared a large range of isotopic enrichments in saliva and blood, and related TEE in subjects with their ad libitum total energy intake (TEI). The relevance of these parameters to body weight and fat change over an 8‐day interval was also assessed.MethodsThirty subjects underwent DLW analysis over either 8 or 14 days, during which time initial and final blood and saliva enrichments were compared. TEI was assessed by dieticians over the 8‐day period only. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used for the measurement of δ2H and δ18O values.ResultsNo discrepancies were observed between sampling fluids over a wide range of enrichments. During the 8‐day period, average TEI exceeded TEE by ~5% or less. Using saliva as sampling fluid, TEI and TEI‐TEE, but not TEE, were positively correlated to body weight change. TEI‐TEE and physical activity EE (AEE), but not TEI, correlated, respectively, positively and negatively to changes in fat mass.ConclusionsThe DLW method in humans can be reliably applied using saliva as sampling fluid. TEI‐TEE as well as AEE contributes significantly to changes in fat mass over an 8‐day period. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser desorption sample transfer for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Seneviratne Chinthaka A. , Ghorai Suman , Murray Kermit K. 
Published: December 2015

RationaleAmbient mass spectrometry can detect small molecules directly, but complex mixtures can be a challenge. We have developed a method that incorporates small molecule separation based on laser desorption with capture on a solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) fiber for injection into a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system.MethodsSamples on a metal target were desorbed by a 3 µm mid‐infrared laser focused to a 250 µm spot and 1.2 mJ pulse energy. The desorbed material was aspirated into a metal tube suspended 1 mm above the laser spot and captured on a SPME fiber. The collected material was injected into a GC/MS instrument for analysis.ResultsWe have developed a versatile approach for ambient laser desorption sampling onto SPME for GC/MS analysis. The performance of the laser desorption SPME capture GC/MS system was demonstrated for small molecule standards, a mixture of nitroaromatic explosives, and collected cigarette smoke.ConclusionsThe utility of ambient laser desorption sampling onto SPME for GC/MS was demonstrated. The performance of the method was evaluated by preparing calibration standards of caffeine over a range from 200 to 1000 ng. Laser desorption ambient sampling of complex mixtures was accomplished using SPME GC/MS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring the Effectiveness of a Genetic Counseling Supervision Training Conference
Authors: Atzinger Carrie L. , He Hua , Wusik Katie 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGenetic counselors who receive formal training report increased confidence and competence in their supervisory roles. The effectiveness of specific formal supervision training has not been assessed previously. A day‐long GC supervision conference was designed based on published supervision competencies and was attended by 37 genetic counselors. Linear Mixed Model and post‐hoc paired t‐test was used to compare Psychotherapy Supervisor Development Scale (PSDS) scores among/between individuals pre and post conference. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model and post‐hoc McNemar's test was used to determine if the conference had an effect on GC supervision competencies. PSDS scores were significantly increased 1 week (p < 0.001) and 6 months (p < 0.001) following the conference. For three supervision competencies, attendees were more likely to agree they were able to perform them after the conference than before. These effects remained significant 6 months later. For the three remaining competencies, the majority of supervisors agreed they could perform these before the conference; therefore, no change was found. This exploratory study showed this conference increased the perceived confidence and competence of the supervisors who attended and increased their self‐reported ability to perform certain supervision competencies. While still preliminary, this supports the idea that a one day conference on supervision has the potential to impact supervisor development.
Parkinson Disease: The Relationship Between Non-motor Symptoms and Motor Phenotype
Authors: Ba Fang , Obaid Mona , Wieler Marguerite , Camicioli Richard , Martin W.R. Wayne 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground: Parkinson disease (PD) presents with motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS). The NMS often precede the onset of motor symptoms, but may progress throughout the disease course. Tremor dominant, postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD), and indeterminate phenotypes can be distinguished using Unified PD Rating scales (UPDRS-III). We hypothesized that the PIGD phenotype would be more likely to develop NMS, and that the non-dopamine–responsive axial signs would correlate with NMS severity. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional chart review to assess the relationship between NMS and PD motor phenotypes. PD patients were administered the NMS Questionnaire, the UPDRS-III, and the Mini-Mental State Examination score. The relationship between NMS burden and PD subtypes was examined using linear regression models. The prevalence of each NMS among difference PD motor subtypes was analyzed using chi-square test. Results: PD patients with more advanced disease based on their UPDRS-III had higher NMS Questionnaire scores. The axial component of UPDRS-III correlated with higher NMS. There was no correlation between NMS and tremor scores. There was a significant correlation between PIGD score and higher NMS burden. PIGD group had higher prevalence in most NMS domains when compared with tremor dominant and indeterminate groups independent of disease duration and severity. Conclusions: NMS profile and severity vary according to motor phenotype. We conclude that in the PD population, patients with a PIGD phenotype who have more axial involvement, associated with advanced disease and poor motor response, have a higher risk for a higher NMS burden.
Safety climate, strain and safety outcomes
Authors: Hicks Gemma , Buttigieg Donna , De Cieri Helen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to employ Koeske and Koeske’s stressor-strain-outcome model of stress to examine the extent to which strain, a central component of occupational stress, mediates the relationship between safety climate and safety-related outcomes. The relationship between safety climate, strain and safety outcomes has been relatively under tested where strain is a mediating variable. This study makes a contribution to the literature by examining the dynamics of these relationships. Questionnaires were sent to 1,800 employees of an electricity provider, with a 41.4% response rate. The hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modeling. Analysis of the hypothesized model indicated that, while safety climate had a significant direct relationship with safety-related behaviors, the model was also partially mediated by the experience of strain. Understanding the relationship between safety climate, strain and safety outcomes is important. Support for the model verifies that safety climate is mediated by strain in terms of safety outcomes. Practical implications include the need to manage safety climate through management attitudes to safety, maintaining high safety standards and communication to reduce ambiguity on safety norms.
Dissimilarity Breeds Contempt: Ethnic Paternalism, Foreigners, and the State in Pas-de-Calais Coalmining, France, 1920s
Authors: Slaby Philip H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRecently, historians have begun to illuminate further the role that ethnicity played in integrating immigrants into mining societies. Ethnicity, they show, shaped foreign−native relations in complex ways. Migrant culture and local norms both affected the assimilation process. This essay, focusing on France’s premiere coalfield of Pas-de-Calais during the 1920s, a period of mass influx of Polish laborers, explores employers’ often underappreciated influence over inter-ethnic relations, and it reveals the far-reaching effects of managerial policies. Management’s ethnic paternalism influenced, though often unintentionally, relations between Poles and French miners and officials. Employer strategies to manage Poles led natives to see themselves as distinct from and even superior to immigrants. Beyond the workplace, employers used ethnic notions to attract and control Poles, yet in doing so they highlighted the dissimilarities between Poles and Frenchmen. Ultimately, coal companies reinforced foreigners’ isolation from local society and roused the suspicions of officials, who strictly policed the Polish community.
Waiters, Waitresses, and their Tips in Western Europe before World War I
Authors: Eeckhout Patricia Van den 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn nineteenth-century restaurants and cafés, customers’ tips provided the income of an increasing number of waiters and waitresses. Not only did employers refrain from paying serving staff a fixed wage, the latter had to share their employers’ general expenses, while some even had to pay a fee for the privilege of working. Exploring newspapers, pamphlets, reports, and union sources, the article discusses in a comparative way how and why these practices were deployed in Amsterdam, Brussels, Vienna, London, and French and German cities. As a result of the overcrowding of the labour market in hospitality, hiring workers became not only a cost-free transaction, it even developed into a source of income. Serving staff paid for the opportunity to collect tips, even if their increasing number reduced individual income. However, as a result of the tipping system, such staff often managed to secure higher “wages” than they would normally have earned.
What Should We Learn from Recent Earthquakes in Asia?
Authors: de Ville de Goyet Claude 
Published: December 2015

This keynote on lessons to be learned from the recent natural disasters in Asiawill complement and elaborate further on the points already made eloquently by the first two keynote speakers during this session: Dr. M. Gilbert on building local resilience and competencies, and the call from Prof. E. Rahardjo towards a more efficient, multi-national work on rescue and aid to disasters.Both speakers stressed the importance of strengthening external aid rather than substituting the national- or community-level capacity. I share the concern of the Indonesian medical professionals feeling marginalized in their own country, as said by Prof. Rahardjo. I also agree with Dr. Gilbert on our duty to build on the remarkable resilience and abilities of local communities. It is feasible, as he clearly demonstrated in local projects.
Disaster Public Health Considerations
Authors: Abbott David 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of disaster public health preparedness, response, and recovery activities with particular reference to examples that have occurred in California. It discusses the public health considerations from two aspects: 1) general public health effects; and 2) public and environmental health control measures. The latter discussion is divided into: 1) drinking water; 2) human wastes; 3) food; 4) personal hygiene; 5) mass care and shelter; 6) solid waste and debris; 7) hazardous materials; 8) injury prevention programs and public health information; 9) vector control; and 10) disease control and surveillance. Two tables summarize the disaster medical and health functions as they relate to public health.
SF3B1 mutant MDS-initiating cells may arise from the haematopoietic stem cell compartment
Authors: Mian Syed A. , Rouault-Pierre Kevin , Smith Alexander E. , Seidl Thomas , Pizzitola Irene , Kizilors Aytug , Kulasekararaj Austin G. , Bonnet Dominique , Mufti Ghulam J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDespite the recent evidence of the existence of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) stem cells in 5q-MDS patients, it is unclear whether haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) could also be the initiating cells in other MDS subgroups. Here we demonstrate that SF3B1 mutation(s) in our cohort of MDS patients with ring sideroblasts can arise from CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD90+CD49f+ HSCs and is an initiating event in disease pathogenesis. Xenotransplantation of SF3B1 mutant HSCs leads to persistent long-term engraftment restricted to myeloid lineage. Moreover, genetically diverse evolving subclones of mutant SF3B1 exist in mice, indicating a branching multi-clonal as well as ancestral evolutionary paradigm. Subclonal evolution in mice is also seen in the clinical evolution in patients. Sequential sample analysis shows clonal evolution and selection of the malignant driving clone leading to AML transformation. In conclusion, our data show SF3B1 mutations can propagate from HSCs to myeloid progeny, therefore providing a therapeutic target.
Effects of sample storage and shell orientation on LA-ICPMS trace element measurements on deep-sea mussels
Authors: Génio Luciana , Simon Klaus , Kiel Steffen , Cunha Marina R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGeochemical markers are being increasingly applied to fundamental questions in population and community ecology in marine habitats because they allow inferences on individuals dispersal, but vital effects, small sample size and instrumental limitation are still challenging particularly in deep-sea studies. Here we use shells of the deep-sea bivalve Idas modiolaeformis to assess potential effects of sample storage, mineralogy and valve orientation on LA-ICPMS measurements. Trace element concentrations of 24Mg, 43Ca, 88Sr, 137Ba, 208Pb and 238U are not affected by the two most commonly used storage methods of biologic deep-sea samples (frozen at –20°C and fixed in 95% ethanol); thus combined analysis of differently preserved specimens is possible when the number of individuals is insufficient and distinct sample fixation is needed for multiple purposes. Valve orientation had a strong impact on quantification of trace elements in the calcitic but not in the aragonitic layer of adult shells. Hence, to enable comparisons between adult shells and entirely aragonitic embryonic shells, a reference map of site-specific signatures can potentially be generated using the aragonitic layer of the adult shells. Understanding ontogenetic changes and environmental effects in trace element incorporation is critical before geochemical fingerprinting can be used as a tool for larval dispersal studies in the deep-sea.
From cholera to corals: Viruses as drivers of virulence in a major coral bacterial pathogen
Authors: Weynberg Karen D. , Voolstra Christian R. , Neave Matthew J. , Buerger Patrick , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDisease is an increasing threat to reef-building corals. One of the few identified pathogens of coral disease is the bacterium Vibrio coralliilyticus. In Vibrio cholerae, infection by a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) results in the conversion of non-pathogenic strains to pathogenic strains and this can lead to cholera pandemics. Pathogenicity islands encoded in the V. cholerae genome play an important role in pathogenesis. Here we analyse five whole genome sequences of V. coralliilyticus to examine whether virulence is similarly driven by horizontally acquired elements. We demonstrate that bacteriophage genomes encoding toxin genes with homology to those found in pathogenic V. cholerae are integrated in V. coralliilyticus genomes. Virulence factors located on chromosomal pathogenicity islands also exist in some strains of V. coralliilyticus. The presence of these genetic signatures indicates virulence in V. coralliilyticus is driven by prophages and other horizontally acquired elements. Screening for pathogens of coral disease should target conserved regions in these elements.
Transcription Factor Runx3 Is Induced by Influenza A Virus and Double-Strand RNA and Mediates Airway Epithelial Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Gan Huachen , Hao Qin , Idell Steven , Tang Hua 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInfluenza A virus (IAV) targets airway epithelial cells and exploits the host cell machinery to replicate, causing respiratory illness in annual epidemics and pandemics of variable severity. The high rate of antigenic drift (viral mutation) and the putative antigenic shift (reassortant strains) have raised the need to find the host cell inducible factors modulating IAV replication and its pathogenesis to develop more effective antiviral treatment. In this study, we found for the first time that transcription factor Runx3, a developmental regulator and tumor suppressor, was induced by IAV H1N1 and H3N2, viral RNA, a synthetic analog of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and type-II interferon-γ (IFNγ) in human airway epithelial cells. Whereas Runx3 was essentially not induced by type-I IFNα and type-III IFNλ, we show that Runx3 induction by IAV infection and viral RNA is mediated through the innate immune receptor MDA5 and the IκB kinase-β−NF-κB pathway. Moreover, we provide substantial evidence indicating that Runx3 plays a crucial role in airway epithelial cell apoptosis induced by IAV infection and dsRNA through the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Thus, we have identified Runx3 as an inducible and important transcription factor modulating IAV-induced host epithelial cell apoptosis.
Network-Dependent Modulation of COMT and DRD2 Polymorphisms in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Zhao Fangshi , Zhang Xuejun , Qin Wen , Liu Feng , Wang Qiuhui , Xu Qiang , Wang Junping , Yu Chunshui 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNonlinear modulation of the dopamine signaling on brain functions can be estimated by the interaction effects of dopamine-related genetic variations. We aimed to explore the interaction effects of COMT rs4680 and DRD2 rs1076560 on intra-network connectivity using independent component analysis. In 250 young healthy adults, we identified 11 meaningful resting-state networks (RSNs), including the salience, visual, auditory, default-mode, sensorimotor, attention and frontoparietal networks. A two-way analysis of covariance was used to investigate COMT×DRD2 interactions on intra-network connectivity in each network, controlling for age, gender and education. Significant COMT×DRD2 interaction was found in intra-network connectivity in the left medial prefrontal cortex of the anterior default-mode network, in the right dorsolateral frontal cortex of the right dorsal attention network and in the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex of the salience network. Post hoc tests revealed that these interactions were driven by the differential effects of DRD2 genotypes on intra-network connectivity in different COMT genotypic subgroups. Moreover, even in the same COMT subgroup, the modulation effects of DRD2 on intra-network connectivity were different across RSNs. These findings suggest a network-dependent modulation of the DA-related genetic variations on intra-network connectivity.
A 1 MDa protein complex containing critical components of the Escherichia coli divisome
Authors: Trip Erik N. , Scheffers Dirk-Jan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCell division in bacteria is an essential process that is carried out at mid-cell by a group of cell division proteins referred to as the divisome. InEscherichia coli, over two dozen cell division proteins have been identified of which ten are essential. These division proteins localize sequentially and interdependently to the division site, after which constriction eventually produces two daughter cells. Various genetic and biochemical techniques have identified many interactions amongst cell division proteins, however the existence of the divisome as a large multi-protein complex has never been shown. Here, we identify a 1 MDa protein complex by native page that contains seven essential cell division proteins (FtsZ, ZipA, FtsK, FtsQ, FtsB, FtsL and FtsN). The 1 MDa complex is present in rapidly dividing cells, but absent when cultures enter the stationary growth phase. Slight overexpression of theftsQ D237Nmutation that blocks cell division prevents formation of this 1 MDa complex. In cells depleted of FtsN, the 1 MDa complex is not assembled. Combined, our findings indicate that a large protein complex containing many different cell division proteins indeed exists. We note that this complex is very fragile and sensitive to the expression of tagged versions of FtsQ.