bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work‐related injuries in the Alaska logging industry, 1991‐2014
Authors: Springer Yuri P. , Lucas Devin L. , Castrodale Louisa J. , McLaughlin Joseph B. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundAlthough loggers in Alaska are at high risk for occupational injury, no comprehensive review of such injuries has been performed since the mid‐1990s. We investigated work‐related injuries in the Alaska logging industry during 1991‐2014.MethodsUsing data from the Alaska Trauma Registry and the Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System, we described fatal and nonfatal injuries by factors including worker sex and age, timing and geographic location of injuries, and four injury characteristics. Annual injury rates and associated 5‐year simple moving averages were calculated.ResultsWe identified an increase in the 5‐year simple moving averages of fatal injury rates beginning around 2005. While injury characteristics were largely consistent between the first 14 and most recent 10 years of the investigation, the size of logging companies declined significantly between these periods.ConclusionsFactors associated with declines in the size of Alaska logging companies might have contributed to the observed increase in fatal injury rates.
Metal‐Free, Visible‐Light‐Mediated Direct C−H Trifluoromethylation of Hydrazones with NADH Coenzyme Model Catalyst
Authors: Huang Bei , Bu Xiao‐Song , Xu Jun , Dai Jian‐Jun , Feng Yi‐Si , Xu Hua‐Jian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA metal‐free, visible‐light‐mediated direct C−H bond trifluoromethylation of N,N‐dialkylhydrazones with an NADH coenzyme model catalyst has been developed. The use of NADH coenzyme model makes this reaction more meaningful. Advantages of this reaction include avoidance of transition metal catalysts, high levels of functional group tolerance, and mild reaction conditions. This reaction represents a method to synthesize substituted hydrazones.
A Metal–Organic Framework with Exceptional Activity for C−H Bond Amination
Authors: Wang Le , Agnew Douglas W. , Yu Xiao , Figueroa Joshua S. , Cohen Seth M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe development of catalysts capable of fast, robust C−H bond amination under mild conditions is an unrealized goal despite substantial progress in the field of C−H activation in recent years. A Mn‐based metal–organic framework (CPF‐5) is described that promotes the direct amination of C−H bonds with exceptional activity. CPF‐5 is capable of functionalizing C−H bonds in an intermolecular fashion with unrivaled catalytic stability producing >105 turnovers.
Exploiting the Strong Hydrogen Bond Donor Properties of a Borinic Acid Functionality for Fluoride Anion Recognition
Authors: Chen Chang‐Hong , Gabbaï François P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBorinic acids have typically not been considered as hydrogen bond donor groups in molecular recognition. Described herein is a bifunctional borane/borinic acid derivative (2) in which the two functionalities are connected by a 1,8‐biphenylenediyl backbone. Anion binding studies reveal that 2 readily binds a fluoride anion by formation of a unique B−F⋅⋅⋅H−O−B hydrogen bond. This hydrogen bond is characterized by a short H‐F distance of 1.79(3) Å and a large coupling constant (1JHF) of 57.2 Hz. The magnitude of this interaction, which has also been investigated computationally, augments the fluoride anion binding properties of 2, thus making it compatible with aqueous environments.
Cobalt‐katalysierte elektrophile Aminierung von Aryl‐ und Heteroarylzinkpivalaten mit N‐Hydroxylaminbenzoaten
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hung , Graßl Simon , Knochel Paul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAryl‐ und Heteroarylzinkpivalate wurden mit N‐Hydroxylaminen bei 25 °C in 2–4 h in der Gegenwart von 2.5–5.0 % CoCl2⋅2 LiCl aminiert, wodurch die entsprechenden tertiären arylierten und heteroarylierten Amine in guter Ausbeute erhalten wurden. Diese elektrophile Aminierung ermöglichte auch den Zugang zu Diarylaminen und Aryl(heteroaryl)aminen. Abschließend wurde ein neuer potenzieller Tuberkulosewirkstoff (Q203) in sechs Stufen und 56 % Gesamtausbeute hergestellt, wobei die beschriebene Cobalt‐katalysierte Aminierung für den Schlüsselschritt verwendet wurde.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination of Aryl‐ and Heteroarylzinc Pivalates with N‐Hydroxylamine Benzoates
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hung , Graßl Simon , Knochel Paul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAryl‐ and heteroarylzinc pivalates can be aminated with O‐benzoylhydroxylamines at 25 °C within 2–4 h in the presence of 2.5–5.0 % CoCl2⋅2 LiCl to furnish the corresponding tertiary arylated or heteroarylated amines in good yields. This electrophilic amination also provides access to diarylamines and aryl(heteroaryl)amines. A new tuberculosis drug candidate (Q203) was prepared in six steps and 56 % overall yield by using this cobalt‐catalyzed amination as the key step.
Blockade of Treg Cell Differentiation and Function by the Interleukin‐21–Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Axis Via Suppression of Autophagy in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kato Hiroshi , Perl Andras 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveThe mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has become a therapeutic target in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In T cells, mTOR plays a central role in lineage specification, including development of regulatory cells (Treg cells). This study sought to investigate whether mTOR is activated within Treg cells and whether this contributes to the depletion and dysfunction of Treg cells in patients with SLE.MethodsActivities of mTOR complexes 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2) were examined by quantifying phosphorylation of translation initiation factor 4E–binding protein 1, S6 kinase, and Akt in SLE patients relative to age‐ and sex‐matched female healthy control subjects. Polarization of Treg cells from naive CD4+ T cells was assessed in the presence of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐17, and IL‐21. The suppressor function of sorted CD4+CD25+ Treg cells was measured by determining their impact on the proliferation of autologous CD4+CD25− responder T cells. Treg cell expression of FoxP3, GATA‐3, and CTLA‐4 was monitored by flow cytometry. Autophagy was assessed using immunoblotting of light chain 3 lipidation. The effect of mTOR blockade was evaluated by testing the impact of rapamycin treatment on Treg cell function.ResultsSLE Treg cells exhibited increased activities of mTORC1 and mTORC2, whereas autophagy, the expression of GATA‐3 and CTLA‐4, and the suppressor function of Treg cells were diminished. IL‐21, but not IL‐6 or IL‐17, blocked the development of Treg cells. IL‐21 stimulated mTORC1 and mTORC2, and it abrogated the autophagy, differentiation, and function of Treg cells. Moreover, IL‐21 constrained the expression of GATA‐3 and CTLA‐4 selectively in Treg cells. In turn, blockade of mTORC1 by 3‐day rapamycin treatment enhanced transforming growth factor β production, while dual blockade of mTORC1 and mTORC2 by 4‐week rapamycin treatment induced autophagy, restored the expression of GATA‐3 and CTLA‐4, and corrected Treg cell function.ConclusionIL‐21–driven mTOR activation is a pharmacologically targetable checkpoint of the deficient autophagy that underlies Treg cell dysfunction in SLE.
New Saturated Delayed Control for a Chain of Integrators with Nonlinear Terms
Authors: Li Meng , Ye Huawen , Kang Jianling , Zhang Juan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the saturated delayed stabilization of a chain of integrators with higher‐order nonlinear terms. With the aid of a recent state transformation, the system is transformed into a canonical form in which time delay appears in both input and states. As a result, natural cancellations can be fully used in the saturation reduction analysis, and fewer terms need to be estimated in the asymptotical stability analysis of the reduced system. In addition, a single tuneable parameter is introduced to the special state transformation, which facilitates compensating an arbitrarily large input‐delay. As an example, a simplified inertia wheel pendulum system is provided with an explicit controller and numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested controller.
Design and development of low cost polyurethane biopolymer based on castor oil and glycerol for biomedical applications
Authors: Tan A. C. W. , Polo‐Cambronell B. J. , Provaggi E. , Ardila‐Suárez C. , Ramirez‐Caballero G. E. , Baldovino‐Medrano V. G. , Kalaskar D. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn the current study, we present the synthesis of novel low cost bio‐polyurethane compositions with variable mechanical properties based on castor oil and glycerol for biomedical applications. A detailed investigation of the physicochemical properties of the polymer was carried out by using mechanical testing, ATR‐FTIR, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Polymers were also tested in short term in‐vitro cell culture with human mesenchymal stem cells to evaluate their biocompatibility for potential applications as biomaterial. FTIR analysis confirmed the synthesis of castor oil and glycerol based PU polymers. FTIR also showed that the addition of glycerol as co‐polyol increases crosslinking within the polymer backbone hence enhancing the bulk mechanical properties of the polymer. XPS data showed that glycerol incorporation leads to an enrichment of oxidized organic species on the surface of the polymers. Preliminary investigation into in vitro biocompatibility showed that serum protein adsorption can be controlled by varying the glycerol content with polymer backbone. An alamar blue assay looking at the metabolic activity of the cells indicated that castor oil based PU and its variants containing glycerol are non‐toxic to the cells. This study opens an avenue for using low cost bio‐polyurethane based on castor oil and glycerol for biomedical applications.
Impact of weight loss and eating difficulties on health-related quality of life up to 10 years after oesophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Anandavadivelan P. , Wikman A. , Johar A. , Lagergren P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Severe weight loss is experienced by patients with eating difficulties after surgery for oesophageal cancer. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to asssess the influence of eating difficulties and severe weight loss on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) up to 10 years after oesophagectomy.

Methods
Data on bodyweight and HRQoL were collected at 6 months, 3, 5 and 10 years in patients who underwent surgery for oesophageal cancer in Sweden between 2001 and 2005. Exposures were percentage weight loss, and eating difficulties defined by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-OES18 questionnaire. Outcomes were HRQoL scores from the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Repeated-measures ANOVA, adjusting for potential confounders, was used to assess the association between eating difficulties and weight loss (4 exposure groups) and HRQoL scores at each time point. Mean score differences (MDs) between time points or exposure groups were defined as clinically relevant in accordance with evidence-based interpretation guidelines.

Results
In total, 92 of 104 10-year survivors (88·5 per cent) responded to the questionnaires. Weight loss was greatest within 6 months of surgery. Patients with eating difficulties with or without weight loss reported clinically and statistically significantly worsened HRQoL in almost all aspects. The largest MD was seen between 5 and 10 years after surgery for global quality of life, physical, role and social function (MD –22 to –30), as well for fatigue, nausea, dyspnoea, insomnia, appetite loss and diarrhoea (MD 24–36).

Conclusion
Eating difficulties are associated with deterioration in several aspects of HRQoL up to 10 years after surgery for oesophageal cancer.
Pancreatitis and myocarditis coexistence due to infection by Coxsackie B1 and B4 viruses
Authors: Lampropoulos Konstantinos , Bazoukis George , Kolyviras Athanasios , Tse Gary , Saplaouras Athanasios , Iliopoulos Themistoklis 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageMyocarditis can be a rare late manifestation of acute pancreatitis caused by Coxsackie virus infection. Clinicians should be aware of potentially life‐threatening myocarditis because immediate recognition and management are the cornerstones in achieving a better outcome.
Ruthenium‐Crosslinked Hydrogels with Rapid, Visible‐Light Degradation
Authors: Rapp Teresa L. , Highley Christopher B. , Manor Brian C. , Burdick Jason A. , Dmochowski Ivan J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIncorporation of photoresponsive molecules within soft materials can provide spatiotemporal control over bulk properties and address challenges in targeted delivery and mechanical variability. However, the kinetics of in situ photochemical reactions are often slow and typically employ ultraviolet wavelengths. Here, we present a novel photoactive crosslinker Ru(bipyridine)2(3‐pyridinaldehyde)2 (RuAldehyde), which was reacted with hydrazide‐functionalized hyaluronic acid to form hydrogels capable of encapsulating protein cargo. Visible light irradiation (400–500 nm) initiated rapid ligand exchange on the ruthenium center, which degraded the hydrogel within seconds to minutes, depending on gel thickness. An exemplar enzyme cargo, TEM1 β‐lactamase, was loaded into and photoreleased from the Ru‐hydrogel. To expand their applications, Ru‐hydrogels were also processed into microgels using a microfluidic platform.
Assessing Hypervalency in Iodanes
Authors: Stirling András 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe so‐called hypervalent iodane compounds are very useful and versatile reactants and oxidizing agents in modern organic chemistry. The hypercoordinated central iodine in these compounds hints at a hypervalent state, which is often stressed to justify their reactivity. In this study a theoretical analysis of the electronic structure of a large, representative set of hypercoordinated iodane compounds has been carried out. We observed that the iodonium is not hypervalent in these compounds. In contrast, the analysis reveals a variation of the iodine valence state from a normal octet state to hypovalent depending on the ligands, but irrespective of the coordination number. On the basis of the calculations the reactivity of these compounds can be ascribed to the strong unquenched charge separation present in these molecules which represents a compromise between Coulomb interaction and the resistance of iodonium toward hypervalency. In extreme cases this leads to hypovalency and enhanced reactivity.
Social integration and survival after diagnosis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Sarma Elizabeth A. , Kawachi Ichiro , Poole Elizabeth M. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Fuchs Charles S. , Bao Ying 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDAlthough larger social networks have been associated with lower all‐cause mortality, few studies have examined whether social integration predicts survival outcomes among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The authors examined the association between social ties and survival after CRC diagnosis in a prospective cohort study.METHODSParticipants included 896 women in the Nurses' Health Study who were diagnosed with stage I, II, or III CRC between 1992 and 2012. Stage was assigned using the American Joint Committee on Cancer criteria. Social integration was assessed every 4 years since 1992 using the Berkman‐Syme Social Network Index, which included marital status, social network size, contact frequency, religious participation, and other social group participation.RESULTSDuring follow‐up, there were 380 total deaths, 167 of which were due to CRC. In multivariable analyses, women who were socially integrated before diagnosis had a subsequent reduced risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.46‐0.92) and CRC mortality (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.38‐1.06) compared with women who were socially isolated. In particular, women with more intimate ties (family and friends) had lower all‐cause mortality (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42‐0.88) and CRC mortality (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.34‐1.03) compared with those with few intimate ties. Participation in religious or community activities was not found to be related to outcomes. The analysis of postdiagnosis social integration yielded similar results.CONCLUSIONSSocially integrated women were found to have better survival after a diagnosis of CRC, possibly due to beneficial caregiving from their family and friends. Interventions aimed at strengthening social network structures to ensure access to care may be valuable programmatic tools in the management of patients with CRC. Cancer 2018;124:833‐40. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
From two to three dimensions: The importance of the third dimension for evaluating the limits to neuronal miniaturization in insects
Authors: Fischer Stefan , Lu Zhiyuan , Meinertzhagen Ian A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMost studies dealing with the limits to miniaturization in insect brains have until now relied on information based on data collected in two dimensions: either histological sections imaged by light microscopy, or electron micrographs of single ultrathin sections imaged by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To test the validity of transferring information gained from two‐dimensional images to the third dimension, we examined a 3D image stack from serial‐section TEM (ssTEM) of the optic neuropiles of the miniature parasitic wasp Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko, 1968). We reinvestigated the proposed lower limit of 2 µm for the diameters of neuronal somata and found average volumes of 6.5 μm3 for lamina cells and 3.8 μm3 for medulla cells. We likewise found a limiting factor for the volume of nuclei, which averages 41.9% and 49.2% of the cell body volume, respectively, but that in turn the compactness of heterochromatin was not a limiting factor in the minimal volume of the nuclei. Finally, we also found a minimum axon diameter of 98 nm that could nevertheless accommodate axoplasmic mitochondria. Incorporating the third dimension thus proves critically important in avoiding volumetric misinterpretations of these values. We discuss the limitations of analyzing the effects of miniaturization from profile data of neurons and demonstrate that miniaturization within the nervous system can lie beyond previously described limits and in some cases is already present in the optic lobe neurons of T. brassicae.
Single axonal morphology and termination to cerebellar aldolase C stripes characterize distinct spinocerebellar projection systems originating from the thoracic spinal cord in the mouse
Authors: Luo Yuanjun , Patel Radhika Pooja , Sarpong Gideon Anokye , Sasamura Kazuma , Sugihara Izumi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe spinocerebellar projection has an essential role in sensorimotor coordination of limbs and the trunk. Multiple groups of spinocerebellar projections have been identified in retrograde labeling studies. In this study, we aimed at characterizing projection patterns of these groups using a combination of anterograde labeling of the thoracic spinal cord and aldolase C immunostaining of longitudinal stripes of the cerebellar cortex in the mouse. We reconstructed 22 single spinocerebellar axons, wholly in the cerebellum and brain stem and partly, in the spinal cord. They were classified into three groups, (a) non‐crossed axons of Clarke's column neurons (NCC, 8 axons), (b) non‐crossed axons of marginal Clarke's column neurons (NMCC, 7 axons), and (c) crossed axons of neurons in the medial ventral horn (CMVH, 7 axons), based on previous retrograde labeling studies. While NCC axons projected mainly to multiple bilateral stripes in vermal lobules II–IV and VIII–IX, and the ipsilateral medial cerebellar nucleus, NMCC axons projected mainly to ipsilateral stripes in paravermal lobules II–V and copula pyramidis, and the anterior interposed nucleus. CMVH axons projected bilaterally to multiple stripes in lobules II–V with a small number of terminals but had abundant collaterals in the spinal cord and medullary reticular nuclei as well as in the vestibular and cerebellar nuclei. The results indicate that, while CMVH axons overlap with propriospinal and spinoreticular projections, NCC and NMCC axons are primarily spinocerebellar axons, which seem to be involved in relatively more proximal and distal sensorimotor controls, respectively.
Electro‐mechanical response of a 3D nerve bundle model to mechanical loads leading to axonal injury
Authors: Cinelli I. , Destrade M. , Duffy M. , McHugh P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTraumatic brain injuries and damage are major causes of death and disability. We propose a 3D fully coupled electro‐mechanical model of a nerve bundle to investigate the electrophysiological impairments due to trauma at the cellular level. The coupling is based on a thermal analogy of the neural electrical activity by using the finite element software Abaqus CAE 6.13‐3. The model includes a real‐time coupling, modulated threshold for spiking activation, and independent alteration of the electrical properties for each 3‐layer fibre within a nerve bundle as a function of strain. Results of the coupled electro‐mechanical model are validated with previously published experimental results of damaged axons. Here, the cases of compression and tension are simulated to induce (mild, moderate, and severe) damage at the nerve membrane of a nerve bundle, made of 4 fibres. Changes in strain, stress distribution, and neural activity are investigated for myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres, by considering the cases of an intact and of a traumatised nerve membrane. A fully coupled electro‐mechanical modelling approach is established to provide insights into crucial aspects of neural activity at the cellular level due to traumatic brain injury. One of the key findings is the 3D distribution of residual stresses and strains at the membrane of each fibre due to mechanically induced electrophysiological impairments, and its impact on signal transmission.
Towards green computing in wireless sensor networks: Controlled mobility–aided balanced tree approach
Authors: Khatri Aanchal , Kumar Sushil , Kaiwartya Omprakash , Aslam Nauman , Meena Neeru , Abdullah Abdul Hanan 
Published: November 2017

SummaryNetwork lifetime maximization has received continuous attention as green computing in wireless sensor networks. Recently, controlled mobility–based green computing has witnessed significant attention from academia and industrial research labs. It is due to the growing number of sensor‐based services in mobility friendly nonhostile environments in our daily life. The intelligent mobility–aided repositioning of sensors is significantly challenging considering the critical constraints including irregular power depletion, static normal sensors, the correlation between sensor position, and coverage and connectivity. In this context, this paper proposes a network lifetime maximization framework based on balanced tree node switching. Specifically, a balanced tree–based network model for wireless sensor networks is designed focusing on energy consumption of sensor nodes in tree‐based networks. The problem of lifetime maximization in tree‐based network is identified considering energy loss rate, path load, and balancing factor. Two node‐shifting algorithms are developed, namely, energy‐based shifting and load‐based shifting for balancing tree‐based network in terms of energy. Analytical and simulation experiment–based comparative performance evaluation attests the benefit of the proposed framework as compared to the state‐of‐the‐art techniques considering a number of energy‐oriented metrics for wireless networks.