bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C1, a highly potent novel curcumin derivative, binds to tubulin, disrupts microtubule network and induces apoptosis
Authors: Srivastava Shalini , Mishra Satyendra , Surolia Avadhesha , Panda Dulal 
Published: March 2016

We have synthesized a curcumin derivative, 4-{5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acryloyl]-3-oxo-penta-1,4-dienyl}-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (C1) that displays much stronger antiproliferative activity against various types of cancer cells including multidrug resistance cells than curcumin. C1 depolymerized both interphase and mitotic microtubules in MCF-7 cells and also inhibited the reassembly of microtubules in these cells. C1 inhibited the polymerization of purified tubulin, disrupted the lattice structure of microtubules and suppressed their GTPase activity in vitro. The compound bound to tubulin with a dissociation constant of 2.8±1 μM and perturbed the secondary structures of tubulin. Further, C1 treatment reduced the expression of Bcl2, increased the expression of Bax and down regulated the level of a key regulator of p53, murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) (S166), in MCF-7 cells. C1 appeared to induce p53 mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, C1 showed more stability in aqueous buffer than curcumin. The results together showed that C1 perturbed microtubule network and inhibited cancer cells proliferation more efficiently than curcumin. The strong antiproliferative activity and improved stability of C1 indicated that the compound may have a potential as an anticancer agent.
Double‐sampled ΔΣ modulator with 1.5‐bit FIR feedback DAC for reduced noise folding and increased power efficiency
Authors: Choi Moo‐Yeol , Roh Hyung‐Dong , Lee Yong‐Hee , Park Ho‐Jin , Kong Bai‐Sun 
Published: March 2016

A double‐sampled delta‐sigma modulator (DSM) with a 1.5‐bit finite impulse response (FIR) feedback digital‐to‐analogue converter (DAC) is proposed to avoid noise folding due to the mismatch between feedback paths. The proposed DSM allows the use of the sharing input‐sampling capacitor configuration in a switched‐capacitor integrator, resulting in lower kT/C noise, smaller area and lower power consumption. It also shapes only the frequency response of the feedback DAC output without modifying the noise transfer function to avoid the signal‐to‐quantisation noise ratio (SQNR) degradation of conventional techniques. Evaluation results indicate that the proposed double‐sampled DSM achieves a 101.5 dB SQNR with 30% lower power and 20% reduced area as compared with conventional double‐sampled DSMs.
Intramolecular allosteric communication in dopamine D2 receptor revealed by evolutionary amino acid covariation
Authors: Sung Yun-Min , Wilkins Angela D. , Rodriguez Gustavo J. , Wensel Theodore G. , Lichtarge Olivier 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Characterizing relationships among protein structure, function, and evolution requires understanding the evolutionary constraints on each constituent residue of a protein. Previous studies have shown that structural information can be retrieved from evolutionary residue covariation in protein families. However, whether the evolutionary history in protein sequences informs on functional interactions between nonadjacent residues has been unclear. Here, we developed a method that uses evolutionary amino acid covariation to infer functionally coupled residue pairs in the dopamine D2 receptor. We discovered functional coupling between residue pairs that have coevolved mainly to control responses to dopamine and maintain them at wild-type levels. Our findings demonstrate the possibility of extracting the networks of intramolecular allosteric communication from evolutionary residue covariation patterns.
Tagging Response and Postspawning Movements of Pacific Herring, a Small Pelagic Forage Fish Sensitive to Handling
Authors: Eiler John H. , Bishop Mary A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPacific Herring Clupea pallasii are an important forage fish in the northern Pacific Ocean and support commercial fisheries throughout the region, although numerous populations have experienced pronounced declines in abundance. Acoustic telemetry can enhance our understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of depressed herring populations. However, herring are extremely sensitive to handling. During 2012–2013, we tagged 94 adult herring with acoustic transmitters on their spawning grounds in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The handling and tagging methods were specifically designed to minimize physical injuries and stress. Receiver arrays located near the spawning area (2012–2013) and at the principal entrances into the sound from the Gulf of Alaska (2013) were used to track the postspawning movements of the fish. The herring responded well to the tagging procedures. Most were subsequently detected by the arrays, ranging from 88.0% in 2012 to 92.8% in 2013, when the entire tracking system was operational. Forty‐three (67.2%) of the 64 fish detected during 2013 were recorded near entrances to the sound, representing minimum travel distances of 50–180 km. Initial movements during the spring and summer were generally to the southwest and mirrored the prevailing currents, but a number of fish were subsequently observed moving east, including one individual detected near the spawning area during the late fall and winter. Larger herring were more frequently detected near the entrances to the sound. Although it is possible that smaller fish exhibit different migratory patterns, the lower detection rate may also suggest that these individuals were adversely affected by the tagging. Our findings suggest that large‐scale telemetry studies on pelagic forage fish such as herring are feasible. These data provide new insights into the migratory patterns of herring and present an opportunity to address ongoing questions related to the factors affecting the status and recovery of depressed populations.Received June 19, 2015; accepted November 24, 2015
Managing Dynamic Fisheries with Static Regulations: an Assessment of Size-Graded Bag Limits for Recreational Kokanee Fisheries
Authors: Askey P. J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Recreational fisheries regulations are set as static individual level restrictions, but fish populations and fisheries are dynamic. Therefore, evaluation of any recreational regulatory regime should consider the interaction between static regulations and dynamic fish populations. From this perspective, it is clear that traditional harvest regulations such as bag limits are ineffective as a conservation measure or harvest optimization strategy. The objectives of this study were to: (1) review basic theory on how bag limits influence exploitation rates as fish populations fluctuate; (2) investigate the potential applicability of a different approach, referred to as size-graded bag limits, that sets a schedule of different bag limits for different size thresholds; (3) apply the approach with a realistic model based on actual fishery data for kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka through simulation and discuss relevance to other fisheries. Regulation simulation indicated that there are improved regulatory alternatives when a fish population exhibits density-dependent growth and anglers primarily target a single cohort. Size-graded bag limits or a simple maximum retention size better approximate optimal and sustainable harvest regimes than do bag limits in this scenario. This was most relevant to productive fisheries, which are more likely to be overharvested due to angler affinity to fish size. However, catchability is a highly influential variable that was not well defined by available data. It is plausible that most (or all) kokanee fisheries are self-regulating if catchability is at the low range of estimated values. There are practical limitations to implementing size-graded bag limits as a strategy for individual waterbodies, but the protocol may be well suited to a regional perspective.
Received May 27, 2015; accepted October 22, 2015 Published online March 16, 2016
Bubble Curtain Deflection Screen Diverts the Movement of both Asian and Common Carp
Authors: Zielinski D. P. , Sorensen P. W. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Bubble curtains are a relatively simple type of behavioral deterrent that produces acoustic and hydrodynamic fields that could serve as a management tool to reduce movement of Asian carp species in many locations. In a proof-of-concept laboratory study, we tested whether two Asian carp species, the Silver Carp Hypopthalmichthys molitrix and the Bighead Carp H. nobilis, will avoid bubble curtains, and to the same extent as the Common Carp Cyprinus carpio, which has a similarly specialized hearing system. We explored the theory and application of a bubble curtain deflection screen using a split-passage experimental channel equipped with angled bubble curtains while mapping both pressure and particle motion (sound) fields. The bubble curtain reduced passage of all three species through the experimental channel by 73–80% while producing sound between 100 and 1000 Hz at 145 dB, well within the hearing range of all three carp. While Common Carp were diverted to an unblocked channel, the Asian carp species reduced overall swimming activity, suggesting a slightly greater overall sensitivity. These results suggest bubble curtains could serve as viable and inexpensive deterrent systems to inhibit the movement of both Asian carp and Common Carp into shallow waters while having minimal impacts on other fish.
Received June 10, 2015; accepted November 12, 2015 Published online March 16, 2016
Initial Detection and Molecular Characterization of Namaycush Herpesvirus (Salmonid Herpesvirus 5) in Lake Trout
Authors: Glenney Gavin W. , Barbash Patricia A. , Coll John A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A novel herpesvirus was found by molecular methods in samples of Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush from Lake Erie, Pennsylvania, and Lake Ontario, Keuka Lake, and Lake Otsego, New York. Based on PCR amplification and partial sequencing of polymerase, terminase, and glycoprotein genes, a number of isolates were identified as a novel virus, which we have named Namaycush herpesvirus (NamHV) salmonid herpesvirus 5 (SalHV5). Phylogenetic analyses of three NamHV genes indicated strong clustering with other members of the genus Salmonivirus, placing these isolates into family Alloherpesviridae. The NamHV isolates were identical in the three partially sequenced genes; however, they varied from other salmonid herpesviruses in nucleotide sequence identity. In all three of the genes sequenced, NamHV shared the highest sequence identity with Atlantic Salmon papillomatosis virus (ASPV; SalHV4) isolated from Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar in northern Europe, including northwestern Russia. These results lead one to believe that NamHV and ASPV have a common ancestor that may have made a relatively recent host jump from Atlantic Salmon to Lake Trout or vice versa. Partial nucleotide sequence comparisons between NamHV and ASPV for the polymerase and glycoprotein genes differ by &gt;5% and &gt;10%, respectively. Additional nucleotide sequence comparisons between NamHV and epizootic epitheliotropic disease virus (EEDV/SalHV3) in the terminase, glycoprotein, and polymerase genes differ by &gt;5%, &gt;20%, and &gt;10%, respectively. Thus, NamHV and EEDV may be occupying discrete ecological niches in Lake Trout. Even though NamHV shared the highest genetic identity with ASPV, each of these viruses has a separate host species, which also implies speciation. Additionally, NamHV has been detected over the last 4 years in four separate water bodies across two states, which suggests that NamHV is a distinct, naturally replicating lineage. This, in combination with a divergence in nucleotide sequence from EEDV, indicates that NamHV is a new species in the genus Salmonivirus.
Received April 20, 2015; accepted October 11, 2015
Efficient production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) fromPseudomonas mendocinaPSU using a biodiesel liquid waste (BLW) as the sole carbon source
Authors: Chanasit Wankuson , Hodgson Brian , Sudesh Kumar , Umsakul Kamontam 
Published: March 2016

AbstractConditions for the optimal production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) by Pseudomonas mendocina PSU using a biodiesel liquid waste (BLW) were determined by response surface methodology. These were an initial carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) of 40 (mole/mole), an initial pH of 7.0, and a temperature of 35 °C. A biomass and PHA concentration of 3.65 g/L and about 2.6 g/L (77% DCW), respectively, were achieved in a growth associated process using 20 g/L glycerol in the BLW after 36 h of exponential growth. The PHA monomer compositions were 3HB (3-hydroxybutyrate), a short-chain-length-PHA, and the medium-chain-length-PHA e.g. 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 3-hydroxydecanoate. Both the phbC and phaC genes were characterized. The phbC enzyme had not been previously detected in a Pseudomonas mendocina species. A 2.15 g/L of an exopolysaccharide, alginate, was also produced with a similar composition to that of other Pseudomonas species.
Substantial decrease in cell wall α-1,3-glucan caused by disruption of the kexB gene encoding a subtilisin-like processing protease in Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Mizutani Osamu , Shiina Matsuko , Yoshimi Akira , Sano Motoaki , Watanabe Takeshi , Yamagata Youhei , Nakajima Tasuku , Gomi Katsuya , Abe Keietsu 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Disruption of the kexB encoding a subtilisin-like processing protease in Aspergillus oryzae (ΔkexB) leads to substantial morphological defects when the cells are grown on Czapek-Dox agar plates. We previously found that the disruption of kexB causes a constitutive activation of the cell wall integrity pathway. To understand how the disruption of the kexB affects cell wall organization and components, we analyzed the cell wall of ΔkexB grown on the plates. The results revealed that both total N-acetylglucosamine content, which constitutes chitin, and chitin synthase activities were increased. Whereas total glucose content, which constitutes β-1,3-glucan and α-1,3-glucan, was decreased; this decrease was attributed to a remarkable decrease in α-1,3-glucan. Additionally, the β-1,3-glucan in the alkali-insoluble fraction of the ΔkexB showed a high degree of polymerization. These results suggested that the loss of α-1,3-glucan in the ΔkexB was compensated by increases in the chitin content and the average degree of β-1,3-glucan polymerization.
A simplified vector system for visualization of localized RNAs in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Takeuchi-Andoh Tomoko , Ohba Sayaka , Shinoda Yu , Fuchita Ayako , Hayashi Sachiko , Nishiyoshi Emi , Terouchi Nobuyuki , Tani Tokio 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
RNA localization is an important event that is essential for the polarization and differentiation of a cell. Although several methods are currently used to detect localized RNAs, a simplified detection system has not yet been developed for Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In the present study, we describe a new vector system for the visualization of localized RNAs in S. pombe using a U1A-tag-GFP system. A pREP1-U1A-tag vector plasmid to express U1A-tagged RNA and a pREP2-U1AGFP plasmid to produce a U1A-GFP fusion protein were constructed for this system. Since the U1A-GFP protein binds U1A-tagged RNA, fluorescence is observed at the location of U1A-tagged RNA in cells expressing both of these. The nucleolar localization of U3 snoRNA was successfully detected using this system, and a novel RNA localized at the DNA region of the nucleus was found by screening localized RNAs. This system will accelerate the study of localized RNAs in S. pombe.
Differential introgression suggests candidate beneficial and barrier loci
between two parapatric subspecies of Pearson′s horseshoe bat Rhinolophus
pearsoni
Authors: Mao Xiuguang , Zhang Shuyi , Rossiter Stephen J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Observations that rates of introgression between taxa can vary across loci are increasingly common. Here, we test for differential locus-wise introgression in 2 parapatric subspecies of Pearson′s horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus pearsoni chinensis and R. p. pearsoni). To efficiently identify putative speciation genes and/or beneficial genes in our current system, we used a candidate gene approach by including loci from X chromosome that are suggested to be more likely involved in reproductive isolation in other organisms and loci underlying hearing that have been suggested to spread across the hybrid zone in another congeneric species. Phylogenetic and coalescent analyses were performed at 2 X-linked, 4 hearing genes, as well as 2 other autosomal loci individually. Likelihood ratio tests could not reject the model of zero gene flow at 2 X-linked and 2 autosomal genes. In contrast, gene flow was supported at 3 of 4 hearing genes. While this introgression could be adaptive, we cannot rule out stochastic processes. Our results highlight the utility of the candidate gene approach in searching for speciation genes and/or beneficial genes across the species boundary in natural populations.
Incorporating landscape metrics into invertebrate fisheries management: case study of the gooseneck barnacle in Asturias (N. Spain)
Authors: Rivera Antonella , Gelcich Stefan , García-Flórez Lucía , Acuña José Luis 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Landscape components can affect all the important biological processes of invertebrate populations, including their harvest quality, yet they are rarely considered in fisheries management frameworks. Here, we explore landscape, economic and ecologic variables to demonstrate that landscape metrics can be a valuable component in the management of sessile invertebrate fisheries. We developed a map-derived model that links landscape variables with the quality of a fishing resource, using five topographical variables—coastal convexity, orientation, complexity, exposure, and distance from the coast—all but the latter were tested at 23 different spatial scales. The model was ground-truthed using the case study of the gooseneck barnacle fishery in Asturias (N. Spain). Distance from the coast, coastal convexity on a scale of 25 km and exposure on a scale of 1 km appear to be driving the quality of the resource. Our model can predict high-quality gooseneck barnacle fishing zones with 72% accuracy. Moreover, we used a 10-year time-series of gooseneck barnacle landings and sales to analyse the impact of quality on the fishery. Fishers have a bias towards harvesting high-quality gooseneck barnacles, which are sold at higher market values. Thus, quality directly affects landings and sales. Our results highlight the interest of incorporating landscape metrics in fisheries management to generate and support spatially explicit conservation and exploitation policies.
Evaluation of the intake of radon through skin from thermal water
Authors: Sakoda Akihiro , Ishimori Yuu , Tschiersch Jochen 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The biokinetics of radon in the body has previously been studied with the assumption that its absorption through the skin is negligibly small. This assumption would be acceptable except in specific situations, such as bathing in a radon hot spring where the radon concentration in thermal water is far higher than that in air. The present study focused on such a situation in order to better understand the biokinetics of radon. To mathematically express the entry of radon through the skin into the body, we first modified the latest sophisticated biokinetic model for noble gases. Values of an important parameter for the model—the skin permeability coefficient K (m s −1 )—were derived using data from previous human studies. The analysis of such empirical data, which corresponded to radon concentrations in the air exhaled by subjects during and following bathing in radon-rich thermal water, revealed that the estimated K values had a log-normal distribution. The validity of the K values and the characteristics of the present model are then discussed. Furthermore, the impact of the intake of radon or its progeny via inhalation or skin absorption on radiation dose was also assessed for possible exposure scenarios in a radon hot spring. It was concluded that, depending on the radon concentration in thermal water, there might be situations in which the dose contribution resulting from skin absorption of radon is comparable to that resulting from inhalation of radon and its progeny. This conclusion can also apply to other therapeutic situations (e.g. staying in the pool for a longer period).
Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex
Authors: Marso Lori 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Simone de Beauvoir’s 1949 masterpiece, The Second Sex, is rarely considered a canonical text worthy of being studied within the history of political thought. Even within feminist scholarship, although it is often cited or acknowledged, only short excerpts, usually the introduction, are read carefully. This essay argues that the reception of The Second Sex has been marred by overly emotional and ambivalent responses, in part a result of its literary style. The Second Sex is written as a situated dramaturgical staging of conversation. Beauvoir puts men into conversation about women in Volume I and invites women into conversation with each other about their experiences in Volume II. These literary techniques invite readers of The Second Sex to also participate in the conversation, a conversation Beauvoir hopes will change the way we see and talk about sexual difference, conditions of oppression, and how to enlarge the space for freedom.
Etruscan
Authors: Bonfante Larissa 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article provides an overview of Etruscan literature. It considers how the Greek innovations of myth and writing came into Etruria, how the Etruscans viewed early writing as magical, and how Etruscan culture developed its own identity. It discusses the Etruscan language, written documents, and inscriptions, as well as religious ritual, divination, and prophecy. It also examines Etruscan historical epic and myth, theatre, and imagery. Finally, it examines the influence of Etruscan culture in the Roman world: the Romans derived their alphabet from the Etruscans and adopted Etruscan dress and musical instruments, along with the organization of the army. The article shows the significance of such Etruscan influence to Roman culture and life even as the Romans maintained their own religion and language, and the eventual death of the Etruscan language by the time of the Roman Empire.
Origin of the broad iron line feature and the soft X-ray variation in Seyfert galaxies
Authors: Iso Naoki , Ebisawa Ken , Sameshima Hiroaki , Mizumoto Misaki , Miyakawa Takehiro , Inoue Hajime , Yamasaki Hiroki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Many Seyfert galaxies are known to exhibit significant X-ray spectral variations and seemingly broad iron K-emission line features. In this paper, we show that the “variable partial covering model,” which has been successfully proposed for MCG −6–30–15 (Miyakawa et al. 2012, PASJ, 64, 140) and 1H 0707−495 (Mizumoto et al. 2014, PASJ, 66, 122), can also explain the spectral variations in 2–10 keV as well as the broad iron line features in 20 other Seyfert galaxies observed with Suzaku. In this model, the absorbed spectral component through the optically thick absorbing clouds has a significant iron K-edge, which primarily accounts for the observed, seemingly broad iron line feature. Fluctuation of the absorbing clouds in the line of sight of the extended X-ray source results in variation of the partial covering fraction, which causes an anti-correlation between the direct (not covered) spectral component and the absorbed (covered) spectral component below ∼10 keV. Observed spectral variation in 2–10 keV in a timescale of less than ∼1 day is primarily explained by such variations of the partial covering fraction, while the intrinsic soft X-ray luminosity is hardly variable.