bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi-continuous exhaust operational space
Authors: Dunne M. , Faitsch M. , Radovanovic L. , Wolfrum E. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The IPED predictive pedestal code has been used to determine the critical gradients for the onset of 1) separatrix ballooning modes and 2) global peeling-ballooning modes as a function of plasma shaping. This results in a scaling of the onset threshold of separatrix ballooning modes as a function of elongation and triangularity

α
edge,crit

=
0.64

κ

2.2

(
1
+
δ

)

0.9

, while the critical gradient for global peeling-balloonig modes increases as

≈

α
edge,crit

1.5

. This implies that operational space for a ballooning unstable separatrix and stable peeling-ballooning modes exists at sufficiently high shaping. Applying a collisional broadnening based scaling of the separatrix gradients allows the critical separatrix density, required to drive the separatrix ballooning mode, to be derived from global plasma parameters for any operational scenario on any device. Evaluations for ASDEX Upgrade, JET, and the ITER 15 MA baseline plasma predict critical separatrix densities of 0.3–0.4

n

GW

for QCE access, making the QCE an attractive operational scenario for fusion devices.
First access to ELM-free negative triangularity at low aspect ratio
Authors: Nelson A.O. , Vincent C. , Anand H. , Lovell J. , Parisi J.F. , Wilson H.S. , Imada K. , Wehner W.P. , Kochan M. , Blackmore S. , McArdle G. , Guizzo S. , Rondini L. , Freiberger S. , Paz-Soldan C. ,   the MAST-U Team
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A plasma scenario with negative triangularity (NT) shaping is achieved on MAST-U for the first time. While edge localized modes (ELMs) are eventually suppressed as the triangularity is decreased below

δ
≲
−
0.06

, an extended period of H-mode operation with Type-III ELMs is sustained at less negative δ even through access to the second stability region for ideal ballooning modes is closed. This documents a qualitative difference from the ELM-free access conditions documented in NT scenarios on conventional aspect ratio machines. The electron temperature at the pedestal top drops across the transition to ELM-free operation, but a steady rise in core temperature as δ is decreased allows for similar normalized β in the ELM-free NT and H-mode positive triangularity shapes.
The seeding of neoclassical tearing modes by resonant magnetic perturbations in the EAST tokamak
Authors: Shi Tonghui , Wei L. , Sun Y.W. , Wang H.H. , Ma Q. , Li E. , Zhang Y. , Qian J.P. , Zeng L. , Shen B. , Wang Y.M. , Zhang T. , Zhao H.L. , Liu H.Q. , Luo Z.P. , Li Y.Y. , Xu L.Q. , Zhang B. , Li M.H. , Wang Z.X. , Ling B.L. , Gong X.Z. , Wan B.N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This work presents a robust methodology for effectively distinguishing between the seed island and the onset of the neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) in the EAST tokamak. Unlike previously employed methods, the width of the seed island is carefully regulated by gradually ramping up the currents in the resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) coils. Remarkably, the seed island phase can be sustained for several hundred milliseconds, providing ample time to examine the nonlinear dynamics of NTM threshold physics. This study investigates the plasma response in terms of various factors, including the plasma rotation, the electron density, and the electron temperature, from the initial formation of the seed island to the saturation of the NTM island. Through extensive statistical analysis of NTM triggering events, it is revealed that both the critical width of the seed island and the critical RMP currents are positively correlated with β

p
. Moreover, the relationship of the transition time associated with mode penetration to β

p
differs from the dependence of the transition time for NTM triggering on β

p
. The growth rates associated with these two nonlinear phenomena show similar characteristics. Finally, reduced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling replicates the two nonlinear bifurcation states observed in the experiment. It is noteworthy that the RMP-induced NTM islands are locked to the static magnetic perturbation. This scenario differs from the natural excitation of NTMs, which occurs due to transient MHD phenomena, such as sawtooth crashes, where the triggering source is a rotating magnetic perturbation. This leads to the formation of rapidly rotating islands at a natural frequency. Furthermore, the stability of these islands is expected to be related to the polarization current effect. Nevertheless, this experiment sets a new course for the comprehensive investigation and understanding of NTM threshold physics, providing valuable insights for future tokamak design and operational strategies.
Bridging the Gap between Policy and Net-Zero Realization in Indonesia: An Outlook of Available Approaches
Authors: Ardiansyah Harun , Wahyuni Elisa , Ekadewi Putty 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Indonesia has been ambitious with its efforts to tackle climate change and achieve net zero carbon emission. This is reflected by the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) that has been defined by the Government and presented during the Copenhagen Accord, Paris Agreement, and Glasgow Climate Pact. In realization, Indonesia has also pledged to achieve net-zero carbon emission by 2060, especially in the energy sector. The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR/KESDM) of Indonesia has published its plan to achieve said targets through diversification and intensification of new and renewable energy resources. New and renewable energy bill is also currently being discussed in Indonesia’s House of Representative (DPR-RI). However, the reality is that the country is facing several challenges in meeting its targets, and the plans and targets set by the government in the energy sector are not being achieved. In this paper, we analyze the factors that have hindered the implementation of Indonesia’s energy transition plan and suggest potential solutions for filling the gaps. To achieve the NDC, we suggest that Indonesia must identify new resources and intensify the use of existing resources. Additionally, the paper provides recommendations on energy market policy that can help to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This paper would provide a future outlook on Indonesia’s energy policy and energy market. by adopting new energy technologies, increasing investment in renewable energy, and developing policies that support the transition to a low-carbon economy. Our analysis highlights the importance of addressing the challenges faced by Indonesia’s energy sector and the need for a comprehensive strategy that takes into account the complex interplay of factors that affect the energy transition process.
Logistic transportation role for sustainable ecotourism industry
Authors: Subkhan Muhamad Fajar , Taali Muhammad , Puspitasari Dyah Ayu Kunthi , Ainul Amri Lala Hucadinota 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Transportation plays a pivotal role in the industrial landscape, and the ecotourism sector, particularly sustainable ecotourism, is no exception. Sustainable ecotourism places emphasis on the responsible management of natural resources, aiming to foster comprehension, appreciation, and the conservation of both the environment and cultural heritage. The purpose of this research is to examine how the emergence of logistics transportation studies is driven by the transportation needs of island communities and tourists to increase sustainable ecotourism industry activities. Logistics transportation services that support ecotourism is a relatively new study of existing logistics resources in Indonesia. This study chooses sea transportation routes for the Karimunjawa Islands and Jepara. The logistics services for tourism transportation provided by the government and third parties pay little attention to sea transportation routes that pass-through conservation areas, namely the Panjang Island Conservation Area and Karimun Jawa National Park. Indeed, there has been a sea route provided, but several obstacles arose when passing through the conservation area. The establishment of novel transportation routes emerges as a viable solution for bolstering the sustainable ecotourism sector and addressing the transportation requisites of the local community. Additionally, these new transportation routes can yield positive outcomes for the safeguarding of conservation areas.
Validation of MCNPX Calculational Model for Kartini Reactor Outer Core Neutron Flux
Authors: Karsono W , Agung A , Antariksawan A R , Sadewo P H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Kartini reactor in Yogyakarta is a nuclear reactor with a low thermal power of 100 kW that is mainly used for education, training, and research. For that purpose, measuring neutron flux and controlling the power are important operational parameters. The Fission Chamber (FC) type of detector is the main component in the reactor operation and safety system that measures the neutron flux in the outer reactor core. As the FC detector is placed in a fixed location, a numerical calculation model is needed to know the neutron flux in all outer core regions. In this study, the MCNPX code is used. The first step is to validate the model with experimental measurement. The objective of the present study is to obtain a validated model by comparing calculations using MCNPX with measurements using gold foil activation (Neutron Activation Analysis technique). The computational model tested showed promising results with an average difference compared to the gold foil activation method of about 23%. Further research can be done using more gold foil samples or foils from other materials to see the consistency of measurements or minimize the measurement difference.
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Weather Conditions on Solar Irradiance Forecasting Using Various Methods in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho M V , Mardiansah F , Pratama T O , Fikriyadi Z A , Dianti D V , Prastawa Andhika 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The government’s plan to build utility-scale solar power plants for the next decade will impact the high penetration of solar energy into the grid. This problem is associated with the intermittent nature of solar electricity, which can disrupt the grid system’s stability and reliability if it is not tackled. Furthermore, the complicated weather conditions in Indonesia make this variable challenging to predict. Therefore, one of the solutions offered is the solar irradiance forecasting technique that helps the operator during planning. This paper will look at the differences in these weather characteristics in predicting solar irradiance using three forecasting methods: LSTM, RNN, and ARIMA. The data is taken from direct measurements installed in the center of the island of Java, namely Yogyakarta. The result of this work shows that among LSTM, RNN, and ARIMA forecasting models, the highest forecast accuracy has been performed by LSTM with RMSE, MAPE, MAE, and R2 are 33.01 W/m2, 7.72%, 24.51 W/m2 and 0.96 respectively. Subsequently, partially cloudy, cloudy, or rainy weather has a worse predicting performance than weather with a sunny or clear sky. However, they are still regarded as reasonable forecasts.
Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste Based on Seasonal Diversity as Energy Potential Materials
Authors: Mariatunnikmah Khusnul , Ain Lubis M Faisal , Wintoko Joko , Budiman Arief 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Interrelated problems related to resource availability and population growth rates, such as energy demand and waste generation, have become pressing global concerns. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) poses a significant challenge due to its impact on society and the environment, including the associated hazards and threats. This study was conducted at the Piyungan Integrated Santary Landfill (TPST Piyungan) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from June to November 2022. The annual waste generation in the city is 586,267.37 tons per year in 2021, with a daily per capita waste generation rate of 0.43 kg/person. Two types of MSW samples were collected during the dry and rainy season to assess their composition. The collected samples were sorted, sun-dried, quartered, and reduced to 1mm particles for proximate analysis. The results of MSW characterization revealed that non-organic combustible materials accounted for a higher percentage during the dry season (62.7%) compared to the rainy season (53.1%). Conversely, organic matter constituted a higher proportion during the rainy season (36.7%) compared to the dry season (30.4%). The moisture content ranged from 4 to 11%, volatile matter content varied between 60% and 66%, and fixed carbon content ranged from 19 to 31%. The energy content of MSW during the dry season was measured at 20.67 MJ/kg, while in the rainy season, it yielded 14.99 MJ/kg. These findings indicate that due to the substantial energy content and waste generation rates, waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies can be effectively applied to manage MSW in Yogyakarta, simultaneously reducing waste volumes and recovering energy.
Study of [Cu3(C6H3(COO)3)2(H2O)3]n (HKUST-1) Resistance to Gamma Radiation at Dose of 125 kGy to 200 kGy
Authors: Fernanda V F E , Ferdiansjah  , Kambali I , Muharini A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Adsorption is one of the methods for processing gas and liquid radioactive waste to prevent the dispersion of substances into the environment. The metal-organic framework (MOF) material HKUST-1, known for its porous structure, exhibits impressive adsorption capacity and efficiency. These characteristics make it highly suitable as a radioactive waste adsorbent. This study aims to assess its resilience to gamma radiation by exposing it to doses ranging from 125 to 200 kGy, with a 25 kGy interval. The samples used in this research were produced using the solvothermal method at 100°C. Subsequently, the irradiated samples underwent evaluation using XRD, SEM, and isothermal adsorption with nitrogen gas. As the dose increased, the crystal grain size decreased, resulting in sharper crystal corners. Additionally, the crystallinity value rose from 15.49% to 17.70%. However, at a dose of 175 kGy, the crystalline corners became obtuse, and the degree of crystallinity decreased to 16.21%. Based on the isothermal adsorption results, the adsorbed gas volume increased from 212.186 cm3/g to 340.335 cm3/g, the surface area expanded from 520.379 m2/g to 917.048 m2/g, and the pore volume grew from 0.424 cm3/g to 0.615 cm3/g. In contrast, the pore radius decreased from 1.631 nm to 1.341 nm, except at 175 kGy, where it measured 1.399 nm. This result surpassed the sample irradiated at 150 kGy, which had a pore radius value of 1.352 nm.
Experimental study of hydrothermal treatment for reducing potassium content on palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB)
Authors: Arnif I , Ahda Y , Pansawati I S , Saputra T F , Agustin Y , Chaeruni W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the potassium content of EFB biochars after hydrothermal treatment (HT). The experiments were carried out in a 3000 mL reactor and treated for 60 min. Two parameters were studied in detail: water (liquid) to EFB (solid) ratio or L/S (5:1 and 10:1) and varied temperature (150, 180, 210, and 230°C). The ash content of biochars decreased gradually due to the increasing temperature, with values varying from 6.55% to 12.79%. The sodium of the treated biochars was removed entirely for each HT process, while the potassium notably reduced with the removal efficiency reached 75.34-93.79%. HT at temperature 230°C was the optimum condition to reduce the Agglomeration Index (AI), which 230H5 and 230H10 resulted in 0.26 and 0.31, respectively. Although the mass yield significantly reduced, the 230H5 was highly recommended when used for co-combustion fuel because it had the highest HHV (21.36 MJ/kg), the lowest AI (0.26), and the high removal efficiency of potassium (93.76%).
Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Banana Peel Biomass Using NaCl and Gamma Co-60 Irradiation
Authors: Ariyanti D , Christian A I , Swantomo D , Permana S , Pramutadi A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) stated that the potential for biomass resources in Indonesia is estimated at 49,810 MW originating from plants and waste in 2013 and of course it continues to grow, considering that the source of biomass is from nature. An example of biomass is banana peel. This banana peel can be used as activated carbon. Known from several journals that activated carbon can be applied in various ways such as being a hydrogen storage material, water purification, etc. There are three steps to synthesis activated carbon that divided into initial steps, the first is synthesis of activated carbon, which begins with drying banana peels and then cutting them, then drying them below the sun. Then it is carbonized at 400°C and immersed chemically activated with a salt activator, NaCl. The second step is combining or modifying activated carbon via gamma irradiation and the last step is characterization using BET to know surface area and FTIR to analyze the functional group. The result shows that as an effect of the modification of gamma irradiation doses by 10 kGy, 30 kGy and 50 kGy on activated carbon banana peel, the FTIR spectra increased markedly by the widening of the last stretch. Modification the banana peel with gamma irradiaton Co-60 is the surface area is increase than those without irradiation, but not significantly. It occurred due to the process of carbon degrade due to gamma irradiation of Co-60 can degrade cellulose structures.
Analysis of the Influence of Variation in Medical Waste Heating Value on the Electrical Energy Output of Generator in Medical Waste Cogeneration Incinerator System using Gatecycle Solver
Authors: Kusnanto  , Harto Andang Widi , Wallitu Hafizh , Facius Maria Josephine , Afifah Nuha Amiratul , Tenggara Ayodya Pradhipta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Medical waste incinerator is a technology capable of processing and exterminating hazardous medical waste through combustion at temperatures exceeding 800°C. Medical waste exhibits a range of heating values depending on its material composition. The heating value represents the potential heat energy released when a substance undergoes complete combustion. A cogeneration incinerator is designed to treat medical waste while also harnessing the heat of the flue gas that emanates from the combustion process. The flue gas acts as a hot fluid that transfers its heat, causing the water temperature inside the boiler to increase and transform into high-temperature steam. This steam drives a steam turbine connected to a generator to generate electrical energy. The amount of electrical energy generated is influenced by the steam quality produced through the boiler’s water-heating process. This study aims to investigate the influence of variation in the heating value in medical waste on the electrical energy output of the generator in a medical waste cogeneration incinerator system. The range of heating value variations used in the testing varies from 25 MJ/kg to 35 MJ/kg. The variation is tested through thorough simulations using GateCycle software to obtain data on the electrical energy generated. To achieve a maximum electrical energy output of 200 kW, fuel with a total heating value of 32.25 MJ/kg is required. This study is beneficial to be implemented as renewable energy sources based on biomass powerplant systems.
Microwave absorption studies in X-band of magnetized barium hexaferrite
Authors: Handoko Erfan , Marpaung Mangasi Alion , Jalil Zulkarnain , Rahwanto Adi , Aulia Teuku Budi , Iriani Yofentina , Mutiara Adayila Muda , Utami Ghania Ayu , Fernando Juwanda , Tarihoran Lily Amanda , Tua Munthe Sahat Maruli , Umaisaroh Umaisaroh , Alaydrus Mudrik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To enhance the magnetic and microwave absorbing properties, barium hexaferrite, BaFe12O19, was studied in the x-band (7–13 GHz) frequency range. The BaFe12O19 was prepared as non-magnetized and magnetized samples. The crystal structure, surface morphology, magnetic and microwave absorption of BaFe12O19 were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope, permagraph and vector network analyzer (VNA), respectively. XRD result showed the formation of M-type hexagonal polycrystalline structure. The hysteresis loop results verified the formation of permanent magnet with high saturation magnetization. The VNA results showed that reflection loss and absorption were − 71.07 dB and 67.96% for magnetized barium hexaferrite, respectively.
Middle-Level Fusion YOLO on Multispectral Image to Detect Unhealthy Oil Palm Trees
Authors: Rista  , Rumata Panggabean Prima Ria , Saputro Adhi Harmoko , Handayani Windri 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Locating the unhealthy oil palm trees is one of the essential things in precision agriculture. In several countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, Ganoderma disease often attacks oil palm trees. Detection techniques using leaf sample pieces, the possibility of biological changes in the leaf, and the collection process are too tricky. Detection techniques using image samples captured by the drone can be more accessible, but they need to provide complete information related to plant vegetation. This research proposes detecting unhealthy oil palms by capturing top-view images using drone. The drone has dual cameras (RGB and OCN bands) to get more information on plant vegetation. Middle-level fusion YOLO is used to recognize the unhealthy oil palm trees. The data was collected at the Oil Palm Plantation in Bogor, which contains over 100 unhealthy objects. Using multispectral images can improve performance compared to using only RGB images. The proposed method provides better performance than using only RGB images and OCN images with mAP (mean Average Precision) is 0.919. The proposed method provides better performance in detecting unhealthy oil palm trees.
Investigation of Aquifer Zone using Central Loop Time-domain Electromagnetic in Institut Teknologi Bandung
Authors: Chaerul V A , Salsabila D P , Djaja I G P F S , Pratomo P M , Supriyadi  , Mahardika H , Agustine E , Srigutomo W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) has been widely used to investigate the subsurface aquifer. In this research, the TDEM method with a central loop configuration was employed to define the aquifer zone in the southern area of the Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) campus in Bandung, Indonesia. Moreover, TDEM is effective for mapping aquifers due to its sensitivity to subsurface conductivity. The acquisition consists of five sounding points spaced 20 meters apart, along with a W-E profile in the southern area of ITB. The data were interpreted using 1D inversion software (1X1D, Interpex, USA), utilizing weights from a smoothing constraint scheme (Occam) to obtain the resistivity distribution of the subsurface structure. The interpretation results indicate three layers from top to bottom: (a) the topsoil was interpreted as a sand layer with resistivity of 100 to 350 Ωm; (b) beneath it lies a shale layer with resistivity ranging from 5 to 100 Ωm that has good porosity to allow water from the surface to flow into the ground; and (c) further down, there is a clay layer with low resistivity of 1 to 5 Ωm which act as impermeable layer.