Abstract P2-11-09: A phase 2 randomized trial of the IDO pathway inhibitor indoximod in combination with taxane based chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: Preliminary data
Authors: Tang S-C , Montero A , Munn D , Link C , Vahanian N , Kennedy E , Soliman H 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background: Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme that plays a key role in the normal regulation of peripheral immune tolerance. Tumors also employ this mechanism to induce a state of immunosuppression, evading immune mediated destruction. Indoximod (D-1-methyltryptophan) is a broad IDO pathway inhibitor as it has been shown to potentially interfere with multiple targets within the IDO pathway. Preclinical studies in MMTV-neu mouse models have demonstrated that combining indoximod with cytotoxic chemotherapy had a greater in-vivo anti-tumor effect than either agent alone. A phase 1 trial combining docetaxel and indoximod demonstrated safety and responses in metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients. Based on these data a phase 2 trial evaluating indoximod in combination with taxane chemotherapy as first line therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer was initiated.
Methods: The study is a 1:1 randomized, placebo controlled, four arm phase 2 trial. The study treatment is docetaxel 75mg/m2 IV D8 plus indoximod 1200mg PO BID D1-14 every 21 days or matching placebo in study arms 1A and 2A or paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 IV weekly 3 out of 4 weeks with indoximod or matching placebo given BID Days 1-14 in arms 1B and 2B. The primary endpoint is progression free survival. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, response rate, safety, and immune response correlative assays. Patients with measurable, histologically confirmed mBC, no prior chemotherapies (hormonal therapies allowed) in the metastatic setting, ER+ or ER –, HER2 -, ECOG PS 0-1, no active CNS disease, no active autoimmune disease are eligible. Target enrollment is 154 patients.
Results: At submission, 65 patients have evaluable safety data on trial. The pooled, blinded data was evaluated for any safety signals. Patient demographics include median age 58 years, 95% female, 17% African American, 25% triple-negative disease, and 82% with multiple sites of metastatic disease. 28% of patients had at least one Grade 3 or 4 adverse event. Those occurring in multiple patients include dyspnea 5%, pleural effusion 3%, non-cardiac chest pain 3%, and febrile neutropenia 3%. Most patients had at least one adverse event (86%). The most common were anemia 14%, tearing 11%, constipation 19%, diarrhea34%, nausea 44%, vomiting 22%, fatigue 48%, peripheral edema 17%, increased liver function tests 10%, lymphopenia 17%, hyperglycemia 15%, myalgia 14%, dizziness 14%, dysguesia 16%, headache 20%, peripheral neuropathy 12%, dyspnea 19%, alopecia 34%, and rash 14%, all compatible with the side effect profile of single agent taxanes. No immune specific serious advents were reported. No treatment related deaths have been reported.
Conclusion: The aggregate safety data for these 65 patient are similar to what is typically observed with docetaxel and paclitaxel. No unexpected serious immune linked adverse events were reported. The trial is currently open at multiple clinical sites in the US and Europe and actively enrolling patients. Updated data will be presented. NCT01191216.
Citation Format: Tang S-C, Montero A, Munn D, Link C, Vahanian N, Kennedy E, Soliman H. A phase 2 randomized trial of the IDO pathway inhibitor indoximod in combination with taxane based chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: Preliminary data. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-09.