bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climbers in forest fragments in Togo.
Authors: Kokou K. , Caballé G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Togo is located in the Dahomey Gap which separates the West African tropical moist forest from that of Central Africa. Farmland, fallow lands and savannahs essentially characterize the predominantly open landscape. In forest fragments in southern Togo, climbing plants represent one third of the total number of species. This study, conducted at 83 sites across Togo, addresses three objectives: (1) inventory of lianas and vines in forest fragments; (2) further characterization and description of forest types using lianas and vines; and (3) identification of environmental factors liable to explain variation in liana and vines species composition or justify their predominance and preference to different ecological regions in Togo. The results of this study showed that discrimination between forest types can be achieved on the sole basis of the floristic composition of climbers.
Human resources and artist management.
Authors: Barrett M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter is about employing and being employed in the entertainment industries. It considers the context of this industry and then provides an introduction to the generic principles of human resource management, before applying these to the specific context of recruitment and employment in entertainment, while also exploring alternatives to employment. The chapter goes on to consider the issue of equal opportunities, before concluding with an introduction to the main entertainment unions and industry bodies. The chapter offers examples from music, theatre, film and television.
Arts and cultural management.
Authors: Walmsley B. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the specific issues faced by managers in the arts and cultural sector. The first part of the chapter defines the arts and cultural industries and discusses the roles of managers and leaders working in the sector. The second part considers how arts organizations are structured and how they function operationally and strategically to fulfil their missions. The next part focuses on how producing companies fund, plan, programme and tour their work, exploring the role that cultural policy plays in supporting artistic projects. The last part focuses on arts venues and explores the challenges and opportunities they are facing in a world of reduced public funding. The chapter concludes with a case study on West Yorkshire Playhouse, one of the UK's largest regional producing theatres, which illustrates how management works in practice and critically explores the major macro-environmental factors currently affecting the sector.
Introduction to entertainment law.
Authors: Mendis D. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter deals with selected legal issues that relate to the entertainment industries including parody, television formats, piracy and illegal file-sharing. As these issues all hinge on the laws of copyright, the chapter begins with a brief introduction to copyright law. The second part of the chapter considers legal issues arising from the media sector of the entertainment industries, such as the laws of defamation and privacy. Although the focus lies predominantly on UK and English law, the chapter does incorporate international case studies and provide comparative examples from other jurisdictions.
Information technology and THE facilities.
Authors: Robinson N. , Dale C. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter investigates the role of information technology in tourism, hospitality and events (THE) facilities. It presents a typology of technologies as they relate to THE facilities. The chapter acknowledges developments in technologies as a process of political, economic and social changes that have occurred historically. It is concluded that technologies have the potential to drive change in facilities to meet day-to-day consumer needs and demands.
Mobilities and information technology.
Authors: Benckendorff P. J. , Sheldon P. J. , Fesenmaier D. R. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

In this chapter we have reviewed how mobile technologies can be used by the travel industry to support travelers while they are on the move. We have discussed how the broader impact of these technologies can be understood using a mobilities paradigm. We have reviewed some of the key aspects of the mobile technologies ecosystem, including mobile devices, signals and sensors, and operating systems and apps. The final part of this chapter presents ten functions of mobile devices in tourism. Mobile devices are perfectly suited to the application of travel. Despite all of these developments and applications, mobile devices are still in their infancy. As these technologies mature a range of new applications and possibilities will emerge for travel organizations and destinations.
Aviation and information technology.
Authors: Benckendorff P. J. , Sheldon P. J. , Fesenmaier D. R. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

In summary, the application of IT in aviation is ubiquitous, comprehensive and dynamic. The aviation industry has used IT intensely and creatively to thrive in a competitive and volatile market. Its need for massive information processing and data communications has created the many systems discussed above. In the process, the airline industry has become a classic example of the successful application of information systems to operations, marketing and management. As demands on airlines and airports increase, airlines must investigate and invest in new technologies to improve the efficiency, comfort and safety of air travel. Throughout this chapter we have suggested how IT can improve the passenger experience and aviation operations. A variety of technologies and innovations are converging to streamline passenger processing.
Tourist experiences and information technology.
Authors: Benckendorff P. J. , Sheldon P. J. , Fesenmaier D. R. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The attractions and entertainment industry is changing rapidly to provide visitors with ever more enjoyable, thrilling, educational and diverse experiences. Whilst technology is not leading the way, it is providing more options for the development of entertainment and educational experiences. Virtual and augmented reality technologies are likely to increase and become more refined so that visitors can experience changes in time and place at will. Operators are using IT to efficiently track their operations and to control access to their facilities. They can also use IT to market their activities and to personalize guest experiences. Larger theme parks like Disney are likely to lead the sector in IT use but innovative solutions using visitors' own mobile devices are also being implemented creating opportunities for smaller attractions that cannot afford expensive IT systems.
The future of information technology and tourism.
Authors: Benckendorff P. J. , Sheldon P. J. , Fesenmaier D. R. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The tourism industry has responded to the various forces of change by adopting a new paradigm embracing innovation led by travelers' co-creation activities. Once thought of as a "problem" which could not be controlled, leaders within the industry now recognize the "brilliance" of this strategy through the extensive use of CRM programs, the use of social media/user-generated media, videos, blogs and tweets, and customer-driven innovation (CDI) to create new travel products. Advances in technology are creating new materials and enabling machines and everyday objects to become "smart". A move toward open systems will allow all of these technologies to interact with each other, resulting in new opportunities to stream travel processes. All of these developments are converging to create a bold new world that may be even more disruptive than the development of the Internet and social media. The revolution over the past two decades appears to have taken hold, and now offers the means for both the traveler and the industry to realize a future just imagined a few years ago.
Introduction: using events as a strategic marketing tool.
Authors: Gerritsen D. , Olderen R. van 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This introductory chapter explains what events are and how organizations can use them strategically. Moreover, it discusses several types of events and introduces the EVENTS model developed at the NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences as a tool to study systematically the strategic use of events. Finally, the structure of the book is described.
The translation of strategy into concept.
Authors: Hover M. , Gerritsen D. , Olderen R. van 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The concept of an event should be aligned to the values of the target group. A conversion must be made into a perfectly staged experience. The tools required to do so are an analysis of supply and demand, the values of the target group and the experience model. The experience model shows how an event will be experienced. In this, the psychosocial framework plays a vital role. There are three levels of experience: basic, memorable and transformative. The factors within the psychosocial framework are knowledge, expectations, motives, mood, involvement, social context, personality and values. A concept, as the result of an idea, is the active principle that creates coherence and gives direction to the realization of one or more objectives. Clear criteria can be formulated for a strong experience concept, and creativity is indispensable to arrive at a concept that focuses not only on the content of an event but also on the form. Form refers to the setting of an event. The physical environment is part of it and should meet three basic conditions. Finally, the experience tools for an event are thematizing, storytelling, senses, play, co-creation and personnel.
Understanding the Balaton: a Hungarian case study in planning for tourism.
Authors: Raffay Á. , Clarke A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter provides an account of the scale and complexities of governance around Lake Balaton, in Hungary. It critically assesses the challenge of working towards sustainable development, within emerging governance structures, highlighting competition between different destination management organizations (DMOs). In its assessment of this destination, the chapter considers the challenges of planning multi-tourist activities in the Balaton area, given these governance complexities.
Beyond enclave tourism: the road to sustainability of Mauritius.
Authors: Prayag G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter profiles the small island developing state (SIDS) of Mauritius as an example of enclave tourism, which has limited economic links to the local community. The chapter considers the opportunities and constraints that enable sustainable tourism development to emerge. It particularly considers the consequences of non-participatory tourism planning and development processes on the residents' role in tourism.
Demand and supply: the price mechanism in a market economy.
Authors: Hill B. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter explains the theories of demand and supply. Factors affecting demand for commodities are discussed, including the price of the commodity, the income of consumers, the changes in the price of competitive and complementary goods, and the tastes of consumers. The significance of the price and income elasticities of demand to agriculture is discussed. Also explained are the factors affecting supply of commodities, including the price of the commodity, the prices of all the other commodities that are within the firm's production possibilities, the prices of factors of production, the state of technology, and the goals of firms.
Quality and satisfaction concepts.
Authors: Buswell J. , Williams C. , Sutton C. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter examines the core theories that shape our understanding of service quality and customer satisfaction, including the relationship between expectations and perceptions and between service quality and customer satisfaction. The chapter also discusses a number of approaches to aid managers in their quest for improvement. Human Sigma in particular is a new approach that measures an important service quality determinant in the leisure, events, tourism and sport (LETS) industry - that is, employee and customer engagement.
Invasive alien plants as a constraint to development in tropical Asia: is there a crisis in the making?
Authors: Murphy S. T. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter examines the reality of the threat of invasive species, with a focus on invasive alien plants in the developing countries of tropical Asia to form a 'case study' of what type of information is available on invasive alien plants, the magnitude of the threats involved and whether or not these plants have any benefits. The extent to which country and other stakeholder responses and actions to the reported threats match this reality is then reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of what factors have led to the paucity of action that has been found and whether this is leading to a crisis of the impacts of invasive plants and other invasive alien species. For tropical Asia, as for other parts of the globe, the opportunities are there to address the ongoing crisis of invasions of alien plant species. However, a core urgent need is for coordinated regional and national actions that involve all principal stakeholders in new partnerships to catalyse actions.
Impacts and management options for Mikania micrantha in plantations.
Authors: Sankaran K. V. , Tjitrosemito S. , Sastroutomo S. S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter looks at the impact of mikania (M. micrantha) in plantation crops and reviews options for its management. A tabulated summary of the various impacts of mikania in plantations and commercial crops in the Asia-Pacific region is provided. Options for controlling mikania in plantations include manual/mechanical measures and the application of herbicides but, there are often significant constraints to implementing these methods. Mikania has serious impacts on the productivity and profitability of plantations across the Asia-Pacific region, which the current management efforts are either unable to contain or, if they work, can only do so at a cost that is unsustainable. Economic assessments have proved that mikania invasion in plantations causes cost escalation or income reduction, or both. Managers frequently fail to decide how to make the trade-off.
Mikania micrantha: its status and impact on people and wildlife in Nepal.
Authors: Baral H. S. , Adhikari B. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Of the non-native species that have begun to show invasive characteristics, M. micrantha (mikania) has emerged as the most serious weed in the tropical and subtropical areas of Nepal. This chapter discusses the arrival and spread, as well as the ecological, economic and social impacts of mikania weed. Current management practices in Nepal are also described. The First National Workshop for Stakeholders - Mikania micrantha Weed Invasion in Nepal is mentioned, which aims to assess the state of knowledge of mikania invasion in Nepal and consider management options. The meeting provided basic information to researchers, managers and conservationists from concerned agencies in the environment, forestry and agricultural sectors to facilitate and synergize efforts to control mikania. Although manual, cultural (utilization) and chemical measures were considered at the workshop, they were discounted as practical or sustainable widescale solutions.
Sustainability, ethics and social responsibility: a developed economies perspective.
Authors: Wiscombe C. A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter defines key concepts that underpin the management of sustainability for rural tourism in developed countries, namely, the concepts of 'rural', rural development, rural tourism, sustainability and ethics. It also discusses the role of stakeholder theory in rural tourism sustainability; and outlines where different responsibilities lie when developing tourism in rural areas.
Sustainability and ethics in rural business and tourism in the developing world.
Authors: Lim W. M. , Heitmann S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter explores sustainable (and unsustainable) and ethical (and unethical) practices in rural business and tourism in contexts in which sustainability and ethics are not formalized. The chapter considers the opportunities and challenges for encouraging and promoting ethically sustainable development in contexts in which informal practices are dominant using real-world cases of business practices and tourism activities in developing countries, particularly from Africa and Asia, and consequentially explains the implications of theories and practices on sustainability and ethics in rural business and tourism in developing countries.
Planning tool 3: facility/service audit - facility use and its measurement.
Authors: Veal A. J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter considers the challenges of measuring facility use levels in leisure, sport and tourism. It discusses the different usage data collection methods, and brings capacity and use together by examining the spatial dimension of facility use. Spatial analysis is concerned with facility catchment areas and the chapter considers how these might be measured and used in the planning process. Finally, the chapter gives some consideration to spatial modelling, hierarchies of facilities and priority social area analysis.
Performance evaluation.
Authors: Veal A. J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter explores the evaluation stage of the planning process in leisure, sport and tourism. The steps involved in performance evaluation are outlined and in particular it is emphasized that performance evaluation must be linked to goals and objectives. Various examples of performance evaluation are considered, namely marketing-based customer service quality approaches and importance-performance analysis and the Comprehensive Area Assessment performance framework. In the subsequent section, applications in arts, sport and tourism in Australia and the UK are considered.
Indices and scales.
Authors: Smith S. L. J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter describes a number of important indices and scales used in tourism research. These empirical (quantitative) tools can help summarize complex data simply for easier comprehension and further analysis. Two indices that are particularly useful in tourism research are explained: the location quotient, and the Gini coefficient. Two established scales are explored: the semantic differential scale and the Likert scale. Also described is a tool that combines two scales into a single tool: importance-performance analysis.
Qualitative research in leisure, recreation and tourism.
Authors: Ruddell E. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter includes the broad family of techniques called qualitative research methods. Although the specific techniques may vary, some over-arching themes unite qualitative methods into one larger family. Qualitative research focuses on descriptions based on kind rather than on quantity. It emphasizes the meanings people construct surrounding events in their lives. It also emphasizes the importance of understanding those meanings as they are embedded in context. The perspective is emic rather than etic. As such, text rather than numbers is its primary data source. Finally, its approach is inductive and interpretive rather than deductive. Qualitative methods take extensive training to master and can be very tedious and time-consuming to conduct. However, the effort to conduct such research can be engaging and exciting, as one frequently feels on the edge of discovery. Indeed, qualitative research is a powerful and engaging tool for understanding the local, lived experience of a person's meaning making.
Communicating research results.
Authors: Tierney P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter focuses on communicating and reporting research results and discusses four types of research reports: class assignments, a thesis or dissertation, a research journal article and a technical report. Most comprehensive research reports, such as a thesis, contain all of the following sections: title page, abstract, introduction, literature review, methods, results, discussion, references and appendices. The research report is divided into three sections: 'front matter', containing legal notices, title, an executive summary and listings of contents; the 'body', which is the heart of your report, containing your introduction, literature review, methods, results and discussion sections; and 'back matter', consisting of references and appendices. There are two broad types of research presentations covered in this chapter: a thesis or dissertation defence; and a research conference presentation. We present typical steps in the thesis or dissertation defence process and stages in getting accepted and presenting at a research conference. The chapter ends with a discussion of ethical and legal considerations for publishing, presenting and protecting your work.
Social responsibility in organic agriculture: learning, collaboration and regulation.
Authors: Pyburn R. , Sriskandarajah N. , Wals A. E. J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of social responsibility within the organic sector, referring to different conceptualizations and discussions underway. Against this backdrop, the focus on social justice issues, as embraced by leading organizations in the field, is discussed and a three-pronged approach for addressing social responsibility is presented and advocated. Regulation, collaboration and learning are argued as three necessary and (potentially) mutually reinforcing coordination mechanisms for fostering enhanced social responsibility throughout the organic sector and furthering the social agenda. Regulation and collaboration are explored, with several examples provided to illustrate current manifestations of how these mechanisms work. A learning approach is articulated in more depth, with nuances and challenges considered.
Research to support the development of organic food and farming.
Authors: Watson C. , Alrøe H. , Kristensen E. S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

In this paper, development of organic research is examined briefly through both the public and private sectors and then some of the issues that surround research on organic agriculture in terms of approaches and appropriate methodologies is explored. The extent to which organic and conventional agriculture require different research and different approaches to research is also explored.
Design of farmer education and training in organic agriculture.
Authors: Seppänen L. , Francis C. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter begins by exploring and discussing the unique characteristics and challenges of organic agriculture. It is suggested that these challenges need to be understood for developing both the content and methods of efficient education for organic farmers. Three different perspectives for learning are presented (knowledge acquisition, participation and knowledge creation) and related to farmer training in organic agriculture. Concrete examples in planning and conducting networks and educational programmes (in Norway and the USA) and in using learning tools (in Finland), are presented. Some elements of these case examples are discussed in the context of the three learning perspectives.
Poisoning by day lily (Hemerocallis sp.; Hemerocallidaceae) in Brazilian cats.
Authors: Souza T. M. , Fighera R. A. , Kommers G. D. , Barros C. S. L. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

A report on cases of plant poisoning covering the year from 1995 to year 2000 among Brazilian cats was presented. Emphasis of the report focused on the clinical aspects as well as necropsy findings in cats poisoned by Day Lily Hemerocallis spp.; Hemerocallidaceae in the southern regions of Brazil.