bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schmelztiegel Bodenbakterien
Authors: Sikorski Johannes 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBakterielle Bodengemeinschaften sind unerlässlich für das Funktionieren eines gesunden Bodens. Die Erforschung dieser Gemeinschaft ist ein hochaktuelles und komplexes Arbeitsgebiet mit einer Vielzahl von Facetten. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet schlaglichtartig auf verschiedenen Ebenen den Zusammenhang von technologischen, biologischen, theoretischen und rechtlichen Aspekten der bakteriellen Bodenmikrobiologie.
Science ohne Fiction
Authors: Weß Ludger , Nellen Wolfgang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFast jede Zeitung und Zeitschrift, viele Fernsehsender und Internetseiten berichten über wissenschaftliche Themen. Doch was davon ist vertrauenswürdig – und was eine Sensationsmeldung, um Auflage zu schaffen? Dieser Artikel nennt Kriterien für guten Wissenschaftsjournalismus und zeigt auf, warum so viele Berichte auch in sogenannten Qualitätsmedien nicht zu einer soliden Information der Öffentlichkeit beitragen.
70S‐Scanning: der schnelle Weg zur Translation
Authors: Schumann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBislang waren zwei Mechanismen der Translation von bakteriellen Genen bekannt. Bei dem ersten binden die 70S‐Ribosomen an die vor dem Gen gelegene Shine‐Dalgarno‐(SD) Sequenz, translatieren das Gen und dissoziieren dann. Folgt ein weiteres Gen, dann wiederholt sich der Vorgang. Bei dem zweiten Mechanismus fehlt die SD‐Sequenz, und die mRNA beginnt mit einigen wenigen Ribonukleotiden gefolgt von dem Start‐Codon des Gens. Jetzt wurde ein dritter Mechanismus beschrieben, bei dem die 70S‐Ribosomen nach Translation des ersten Gens nicht in ihre beiden Untereinheiten dissoziieren, sondern die mRNA nach einer weiteren SD‐Sequenz scannen. Dieser 70S‐Scanning bezeichnete Mechanismus spart Zeit und Energie.
Phaeno(menal) in Wolfsburg – Sonderausstellung “Manometer”
Authors: Högermann Christiane 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDie Sonderausstellung “Manometer” ist eine Erlebnisreise, die der Besucher durch verschiedene Wissenschaftsbereiche aus Natur und Technik unternehmen kann. Dabei hat er an Mitmachstationen viele Möglichkeiten, Phänomenen aus seiner Lebenswelt auf die Spur zu kommen.
Präzipitation von Nukleinsäuren
Authors: Hauk Andrea 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDer gesamte menschliche DNA‐Bauplan besteht aus 3 Milliarden Basenpaaren, das sind 6 Milliarden genetische Buchstaben, die in jeder Zelle auf 23 Chromosomen aufgeteilt vorliegen. Stellen Sie sich ein Word‐Dokument mit 6 Milliarden Buchstaben vor. Ganz schön viel Material, was da pro Zelle untergebracht ist. Kein Wunder also, dass man diese nach Präzipitation sogar mit bloßem Auge sehen kann. Warum aber sieht man die DNA erst nach dem Ausflocken und wie funktioniert das überhaupt?
Achieving Data Liquidity Across Health Care Requires a Technical Architecture
Authors: McDermott Kerry 
Published: December 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYWhile data is recognized as key to individual and wide‐scale healthcare improvement, the absence of interoperability among supporting technologies obstructs progress. There is no single technical architecture that links medical information systems, such as electronic health records and medical devices, to enable seamless data flow. The lack of a consistent platform undermines patient outcomes and efficiency and increases cost and complexity. An interoperable technical architecture is the basis for data liquidity and the efficiencies it can deliver. Such a platform must use a standards‐based interface and support plug‐and‐play integration, one‐to‐many communication and real‐time two‐way data exchange. The Center for Medical Interoperability advocates for and leads research in developing the architecture for a vendor‐neutral platform. Healthcare systems must exert pressure through the procurement process for vendors to develop compatible systems.
Finding the Connection: Research Data Management and the Office of Research
Authors: Rinehart Amanda 
Published: December 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYAcademic and research librarians can enhance the services they provide to researchers by collaborating with university offices of research. The requirement that projects have data management plans to qualify for federal funding has stimulated alignment, partnering and pooling of resources between service providers. The author's experiences in data librarian positions illustrate various routes and results of interaction, from demonstrating the value of reusing data for different purposes to promoting data ethics and best practices in data management. Librarians should seek out opportunities to collaborate with their campus research offices, understand commonalities in service to researchers and focus on data management as a complement to research professionals' work.
Amorphous Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)2‐Decorated Layered Double Perovskite Pr0.5Ba0.5CoO3‐δ for Highly Efficient and Stable Water Oxidation
Authors: Liang Fengli , Sunarso Jaka , Mao Junkui , Yang Ziqiong , Zhou Wei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHighly active, durable, and cost‐effective electrocatalysts for water oxidation into oxygen gas hold a key role to realise a range of renewable energy solutions which include water‐splitting and rechargeable metal‐air batteries. Despite its very stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance over large number of cycles, layered double perovskite PrBaCo2O5+δ (PBC) has a rather limited surface area. It is, thus, desirable to have the stability of PBC combined with the higher OER activity obtained by enlarging its surface area. Here, we used micro‐sized PBC particles as the substrate for the deposition of nano‐sized nickel‐iron hydroxide, Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)2, which led to an order of magnitude improvement in the OER current density at 1.63 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode for the amorphous Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)2‐decorated PBC catalyst (A‐Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)2+PBC), relative to the PBC catalyst. We showed that the crystal ordering of the decoration affects the OER activity, that is, the amorphous decoration provided a higher OER activity than the crystalline decoration by enabling a larger contact area between the catalyst and the aqueous electrolyte. The results we show here could potentially stimulate more innovative future works utilising simple chemical preparation route to realise high‐performance hybrid OER catalysts involving novel constituents.
Gaining Insight Into Reactivity Differences Between Malonic Acid Half Thioesters (MAHT) and Malonic Acid Half Oxyesters (MAHO)
Authors: Bew Sean P. , Stephenson G. Richard , Rouden Jacques , Godemert Jeremy , Seylani Haseena , Martinez‐Lozano Luis A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn efficient two‐step synthesis of structurally and functionally diverse thiophenol‐ and (cyclo)alkyl‐derived malonic acid half thioesters (MAHTs) and phenol‐derived malonic acid half oxyesters (MAHOs) has been achieved using cheap, readily available and easily handled starting materials. The synthesis of the MAHTs and MAHOs (the majority of which have not been previously reported) is readily scalable to afford gram quantities of product. In a hydrogen→deuterium exchange, an interesting stereoelectronic effect was observed when different aryl groups were incorporated. Significant changes in the rates of hydrogen→deuterium exchange and levels of isotope incorporation were observed. By way of example, using [2H]methanol and 4‐bromophenol‐derived MAHO afforded only 14 % [2H]‐incorporation (9 min, k=31) whereas the corresponding 4‐bromothiophenol‐derived MAHT afforded 97 % [2H]‐incorporation (9 min, k=208). In a benchmark procedure and comprehensive DFT study, 54 ester and thioester configurations and conformations were characterized. In the MAHT series, a sulfur‐containing molecular orbital provides a path for increased delocalisation of electron density into the enol that is unavailable in MAHOs. This facilitates keto–enol tautomerisation and consequently enhances the rate and percentage of hydrogen→deuterium exchange.
Konzept zur chemischen Wärmespeicherung mit flüssigen organischen Hydriden
Authors: Wagner Christin , Cholewa Martin , Ulmer Ulrich , Poncette Dominik , Patyk Andreas , Fichtner Maximilian , Dittmeyer Roland , Pfeifer Peter 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDer Liquid Organic Reaction Cycle ist ein von uns vorgeschlagenes Konzept zur thermochemischen Energiespeicherung. Hierbei wird Methylcyclohexan (MCH) bei etwa 300 – 350 °C in Gegenwart einer Pd‐Membran katalytisch dehydriert. Der entstehende Wasserstoff wird durch Absorption in einem Metallhydrid zwischengespeichert. Toluol und MCH werden in herkömmlichen Flüssigtanks gelagert. Zur Rückgewinnung der gespeicherten Wärme erfolgt die katalytische Hydrierung des Toluols bei ca. 300 °C und 30 bar. Hierdurch können hohe Energiespeicherdichten (bis zu 0,6 kWh $ {\rm{kg}}_{{\rm{Toluol}}}^{ - 1} $) erzielt sowie eine Langzeitspeicherung von Wärme realisiert werden.
Synthesis of Mannosylated Glycodendrimers and Evaluation against BC2L‐A Lectin from Burkholderia Cenocepacia
Authors: Pifferi Carlo , Goyard David , Gillon Emilie , Imberty Anne , Renaudet Olivier 
Published: December 2016

AbstractChronic colonization of lungs by opportunist bacteria is the major cause of mortality for cystic fibrosis patients. Among these pathogens, Burkholderia cenocepacia is responsible for cepacia syndrome, a deadly exacerbation of infection that is the main cause of poor outcomes of lung transplantation. This bacterium contains three soluble carbohydrate‐binding proteins, including the B. cenocepacia lectin A (BC2L‐A), which is proposed to bind to oligomannose‐type N‐glycan structures to adhere to host tissues. In this work, several mannosylated glycoclusters and glycodendrimers with valencies ranging from four to 24 were prepared and their interactions with BC2L‐A were thermodynamically characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry. The results show that a 24‐valent structure binds to BC2L‐A at nanomolar concentration, which makes this compound the highest affinity monodisperse ligand for this lectin.
Rolling Circle Amplification with Chemically Modified Nucleoside Triphosphates
Authors: Hollenstein Marcel , Damha Masad J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractModified nucleoside triphosphates (dN*TPs) represent facile and versatile precursors for the introduction of chemical diversity into nucleic acids. While dN*TPs have been utilized in a plethora of practical applications, very little attention has been devoted to the assessment of their compatibility with isothermal amplification strategies. In this context, rolling circle amplification (RCA) is a wide‐spread enzymatic replication method in which small single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) circles serve as templates in primer extension reactions yielding very long, ssDNA products. RCA is a pivotal tool for the generation of biosensor and diagnostic devices and is currently evaluated for its usefulness to create novel drug delivery systems. This unit describes the experimental procedures for the synthesis of modified RCA products using dN*TPs bearing chemical alterations at any possible location of the nucleosidic scaffold. Two ligation methods are presented for the generation of the DNA nanocircles that serve as templates for RCA, followed by a description of the RCA method itself and an assessment of the nuclease resistance of the ensuing products. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chemical Mutagenesis of Seed and Vegetatively Propagated Plants Using EMS
Authors: Jankowicz‐Cieslak Joanna , Till Bradley J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractChemical mutagenesis provides an inexpensive and straightforward way to generate a high density of novel nucleotide diversity in the genomes of plants and animals. Mutagenesis therefore can be used for functional genomic studies and also for plant breeding. The most commonly used chemical mutagen in plants is ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). EMS has been shown to induce primarily single base point mutations. Hundreds to thousands of heritable mutations can be induced in a single plant line. A relatively small number of plants, therefore, are needed to produce populations harboring deleterious alleles in most genes. EMS mutagenized plant populations can be screened phenotypically (forward‐genetics), or mutations in genes can be identified in advance of phenotypic characterization (reverse‐genetics). Reverse‐genetics using chemically induced mutations is known as Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING). This unit gives information on EMS treatment of seed and vegetative propagules. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Visualization of Pareto Optimal Solution Sets Using the Growing Hierarchical Self‐Organizing Maps
Authors: SUZUKI NAOTO , OKAMOTO TAKASHI , KOAKUTSU SEIICHI 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYThe visualization of the Pareto optimal solution set is one of important issues of the multiobjective optimization. The Pareto optimal solution visualization method using the self‐organizing maps is one of promising visualization methods. This method has two shortcomings. One is that the map size has to be determined in advance. The other is that infeasible solutions can appear in the learnt maps. This paper proposes a new visualization technique using the growing hierarchical SOM (GHSOM), which is expected to solve foregoing shortcomings. This paper also proposes to introduce a symmetric transformation of maps into the learning algorithm in order to obtain easily viewable unified map. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through several numerical experiments.
Biased Interpretation of Ambiguous Social Scenarios in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Cardi Valentina , Turton Robert , Schifano Sylvia , Leppanen Jenni , Hirsch Colette R. , Treasure Janet 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPatients with anorexia nervosa experience increased sensitivity to the risk of social rejection. The aims of this study were to assess the interpretation of ambiguous social scenarios depicting the risk of rejection and to examine the relationship between interpretation biases and clinical symptoms. Thirty‐five women with anorexia nervosa and 30 healthy eaters completed clinical questionnaires, alongside a sentence completion task. This task required participants to generate completions to ambiguous social scenarios and to endorse their best completion. Responses were rated as being negative, neutral or positive. Patients endorsed more negative interpretations and fewer neutral and positive interpretations compared with healthy eaters. The frequency of endorsed negative interpretations correlated with depression, anxiety and fear of weight gain and body disturbance. A negative interpretation bias towards social stimuli is present in women with anorexia nervosa and correlates with clinical symptoms. Interventions aimed at reducing this bias could improve illness prognosis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Program and Policy Evaluations in Practice: Highlights from the Federal Perspective
Authors: Maynard Rebecca , Goldstein Naomi , Nightingale Demetra Smith 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the intersection of evaluation methods and usefulness of research for policy and practice from the vantage point of federal agencies that commission a large share of domestic program evaluations with the goal of improving the ability of the government to invest its scarce dollars wisely. Toward this end, the paper revisits the prominent issues discussed in prior chapters through a lens focused on understanding conditions under which particular methodological strategies are and are not helpful in advancing the job of policy analysts, policymakers, and program administrators. The aim is to provide useful guidance to evaluators in how to interact productively with the evaluation funders and intended end‐users regarding how they might make their products most useful.
Knowledge management behavior and individual creativity: Goal orientations as antecedents and in‐group social status as moderating contingency
Authors: Rhee Young Won , Choi Jin Nam 
Published: December 2016

SummaryCreativity is an increasingly important domain of performance largely based on knowledge held and exchanged among employees. Despite the necessity of knowledge exchange, individual employees tend to experience mixed motivation caused by the inherent social dilemma of knowledge sharing. To pragmatically explain how individuals deal with this motivational dilemma, we propose an expanded framework of knowledge management behavior (KMB) that includes knowledge sharing, hiding, and manipulation. Individual choices among these KMBs may be driven by dispositional goal orientations. We also propose that the effects of KMB on creativity of employees vary depending on their social status in a work group. Our analyses based on 214 employees from 37 teams reveal that (i) learning goal orientation increases knowledge sharing and decreases knowledge manipulation; (ii) avoiding goal orientation increases knowledge sharing and manipulation; and (iii) proving goal orientation increases knowledge hiding and manipulation. Knowledge hiding is negatively related to employee creativity, particularly for employees with high social status. Knowledge manipulation is positively related to creativity, particularly for those with high social status. This study develops and validates a theoretical framework explaining the formative process and distinct outcomes of the multifaceted and strategic approaches to KMB at the individual level. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smart Characterization—An Integrated Approach for Evaluating a Complex 1,4‐Dioxane Site
Authors: Curry Patrick , Welty Nicklaus , Wright Jesse , Favero Dave , Quinnan Joseph 
Published: December 2016

Smart characterization approaches apply the latest high‐resolution site characterization methods to find the contaminant mass flux, by integrating relative permeability mapping, classical hydrostratigraphy interpretation, and high‐density groundwater and saturated soil sampling. The key factor that makes Smart characterization different is the application of quantitative saturated soil sampling in less permeable slow advection and storage zones to diagnose plume maturity and understand its implications for remedy selection and performance. Because direct sensing tools like the membrane interface probe are capable of providing screening‐level assessments for hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents in storage zones, but not 1,4‐dioxane, the recommended Smart approach involves application of specialized high‐capacity mobile laboratories or rapid turn‐around using fixed commercial labs. In addition to the benefit of rapidly characterizing sites, Smart characterization facilitates a flux‐based conceptual site model, which allows stakeholders to focus remedies on the mobile portion of the contaminant mass or, in effect, the mass that matters. Through systematic planning and implementation, predesign characterization can be completed to optimize source and plume remedy strategies, balancing investment in Smart characterization with reductions in total life‐cycle costs to ensure that an appropriate return on investigation is obtained. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterizing In Situ Methane‐Enhanced Biostimulation Potential for 1,4‐Dioxane Biodegradation in Groundwater
Authors: Sadeghi Venus , Mora Rebecca , Jacob Priya , Chiang Sheau‐Yun (Dora) 
Published: December 2016

This study characterizes the 1,4‐dioxane biodegradation potential for an in situ methane‐enhanced biostimulation field pilot study conducted at Air Force Plant 44, located south of the Tucson International Airport in Arizona. In this study, the use of methane as the primary substrate in aerobic cometabolic biodegradation of 1,4‐dioxane is evaluated using environmental molecular diagnostic tools. The findings are compared to an adjacent pilot study, wherein methane was generated via enhanced reductive dechlorination and where methane monooxygenase and methane‐oxidizing bacteria were also found to be abundant. This article also presents the use of 13C and 2H isotopic ratio enrichment, a more recent tool, to support the understanding of 1,4‐dioxane biodegradation in situ. This study is the first of its kind, although alkane gas‐enhanced biodegradation of 1,4‐dioxane has been evaluated extensively in microcosm studies and propane‐enhanced biodegradation of 1,4‐dioxane has been previously studied in the field. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implementation of the Natural Flow Paradigm to Protect Dwarf Wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) in the Upper Delaware River
Authors: Parasiewicz P. , Castelli E. , Rogers J. N. , Vezza P. , Kaupsta A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the use of a multiplex habitat model for flow management criteria development compliant with the natural flow paradigm using the Upper Delaware River (NY/PA—USA) as an example. The goal of this study was to identify strategies to protect and support the recovery of the dwarf wedgemussel populations in the mainstem Delaware River. We quantified potential habitat, developed instreamflow recovery scenarios and modelled the scenario outcomes. Mesohabitat simulation model and River2D have been used to allow the transfer of suitability criteria between scales. Habitat time series were investigated with the help of the uniform continuous under threshold technique to establish natural habitat stressor thresholds.Exceedance of persistent and catastrophic durations results in habitat stress days (HSD). HSD served as a metric for the comparison of four flow and two habitat management scenarios. The greatest habitat improvements were accomplished through increasing the boundary Reynolds number, hence increasing the river bed diversity. The introduction of naturalized flows into the model did not cause any significant reduction of HSD, demonstrating that optimizing suitable habitat for dwarf wedgemussel may not be achieved without including morphological improvements. Both minimum and pulsed flow augmentation strategies were found to nullify rare stress days in our models. Our study found that, at a minimum, a pulsed flow regime would need to be created to promote the development of populations beyond the current mussel beds. To accomplish protection and enhancement of habitat fully, channel improvements that reduce boundary Reynolds number appear necessary. These recommendations are intended to create a starting point in the adaptive flow management process for the Upper Delaware River. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.