bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints from GPS measurements on the dynamics of the zone of convergence between Arabia and Eurasia
Authors: Walters R. J. , England P. C. , Houseman G. A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigate the dynamics of deformation in the zone of convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian plates using a physical model that treats the lithosphere as a thin fluid sheet deforming in response to lateral variations in gravitational potential energy (GPE). This model has two free material parameters, the power law exponent, n, of the vertically averaged rheology of the lithosphere and the Argand number, Ar, which expresses the relative importance of GPE and stresses required to deform the lithosphere. With boundary conditions described by three additional free parameters, the model fits the observed deformation, as measured by 367 GPS velocities, with a root‐mean‐square residual of <2.4 mm/yr. We find negligible improvement when variations in material properties are introduced that represent increases or decreases in the lithospheric strength of the Central Iranian and Turkish‐Iranian Plateaux and the Zagros Mountains. Effective viscosity of the lithosphere ranges from 5 × 1022 Pa s at 10 nanostrain/yr to 1022 Pa s at 100 nanostrain/yr. As well as matching the decadal time scale strain rates determined from GPS, the computed distribution of strain rates is also consistent with the distribution and types of earthquake focal mechanism. Significant historical earthquake activity is seen in regions with strain rates lower than 20 nanostrain/yr, implying that it is prudent to base assessments of seismic hazard on regional strain rates.
Long‐term changes in the distribution and core habitat use of a coastal delphinid in response to anthropogenic coastal alterations
Authors: Wang Xianyan , Wu Fuxing , Zhu Qian , Huang Shiang‐Lin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

The influence of anthropogenic habitat loss on animal distribution and core habitat use can be particularly strong in animals with narrow habitat selectivity, such as the Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis), a delphinid species that specifically inhabits coastal and estuarine waters.
This study measured the extent of habitat loss in the waters around Xiamen City, China, where intense environmental changes and coast utilization have occurred in the past 40 years. The extent of occurrence and the core habitat of the humpback dolphin were measured based on sighting records from censuses conducted in different years.
A Landsat image series revealed a permanent 119.95 km2 loss of coastal waters to land reclamation, coastal modification and harbour construction from 1973 to 2013. The distribution of the humpback dolphin showed a significant shift from inshore to offshore waters and away from artificial shorelines. Though the extent of occurrence appears to change minimally, a significant shift in the core habitat from the original coastal habitats into mid‐channel waters was observed in the eastern Xiamen Bay.
These results imply multiple consequences of anthropogenic coastal alterations for the humpback dolphin: the elimination of vital habitats, changes in habitat use preferences, and the partitioning of the social structure of the population.
The need to adjust current protected area designations along with adequate measures to restore habitat quality and population connectivity, both locally and regionally, are considered.
Hybrid procedure combining clip on wrapping and stent placement for ruptured supraclinoid blood blister‐like aneurysm of the internal carotid artery
Authors: Nagasaki Hirokazu , Narikiyo Michihisa , Nagayama Gota , Nagao Seiya , Tsuboi Yoshifumi , Kambayashi Chisaku 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageBlood blister‐like aneurysms of the supraclinoid portion of the internal carotid artery are rare, fragile, and thin‐walled lesions with a higher rate of rebleeding. Our case underwent a hybrid procedure combining direct surgical and endovascular approach.
Foreign body mimicking malignancy in acquired dacryocystocele
Authors: Mirza Ahmad A. , Alsharif Atheer F. , Elmays Omar A. , Marglani Osama A. 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageA featured malignant‐like granulation tissue can be the only preoperative clinical clue of a concealed foreign body in the nasal cavity. Thus, endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) should be completed with intraoperative nasal exploration to reveal non‐apparent foreign bodies that might be the underlying etiology of chronic dacryocystocele.
An HCV‐positive recipient of an HCV‐positive donor liver successfully treated before and immediately after liver transplant with daclatasvir, sofosbuvir, and ribavirin
Authors: Poordad Fred , Lawitz Eric , Gutierrez Julio A. , Guerrero Juan , Speeg Kermit , Swenson Eugene S. 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageThis case suggests that initiation of HCV therapy immediately after liver transplantation with well‐tolerated, all‐oral regimens may achieve a virologic cure in HCV‐positive recipients, thus preventing post‐transplant HCV recurrence and associated disease progression. This strategy may broaden utilization of HCV‐positive donor livers, potentially including HCV‐negative transplant recipients.
Flexible N‐Termini of Amyloid β‐Protein Oligomers: A Link between Structure and Activity?
Authors: Urbanc Brigita 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRevised amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer′s disease (AD) states that amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) triggers the disease through formation of soluble low molecular weight (LMW) assemblies, called oligomers, which are challenging to characterize experimentally as well as computationally due to their heterogeneous and polymorphic nature, lack of ordered structure, and short lifetimes. Recent findings challenge the view of Aβ oligomers as exclusively toxic entities by revealing their dual, protective and disruptive nature in the context of immune response and AD, respectively. In this review, the understanding of Aβ oligomer formation and structure is discussed from the AD perspective. The structure‐activity relationship (SAR) that implicates flexible, solvent exposed N‐termini of Aβ oligomers, observed in computer simulations, in mediating their toxic as well as protective activity is proposed.
Evaluation of Drip Irrigation System Uniformity on Cotton Yield in an Arid Region using a Two‐Dimensional Soil Water Transport and Crop Growth Coupling Model
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Jiusheng , Guan Hongjie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAppropriate drip irrigation system uniformity can maintain a higher crop yield and reduce the initial investment of the system. In this study, investigating the optimal drip system uniformity for cotton, a two‐dimensional soil water transport and crop growth coupling model was calibrated and validated by soil water dynamics, crop growth indices and cotton yield obtained from mulched drip irrigation field experiments in an arid region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The model performed well with the normalized root mean square error of 2.6–22.6% for soil moisture, 6.3–14.1% for leaf area index, 4.9–7.2% for above‐ground biomass, and with the difference ranging from 2.5 to 8.2% for seed cotton yield (SCY). Next, SCYs were simulated under five Christiansen uniformity coefficients (CUs) of 55, 65, 75, 85 and 95% with three irrigation levels of 50, 75 and 100% full irrigation treatment. The predicted SCY was found to decrease as CU decreased under different irrigation treatments, and the more obvious effect of CU on SCY at 75 and 100% full irrigation treatment was obtained. In addition, SCY increased by 2.8–8.0% when CU increased from 55 to 75%, and increased by 0.1–4.6% when CU increased from 75 to 95%. Therefore, a target drip irrigation uniformity of CU = 75% was recommended to obtain a higher cotton yield, while maintaining a lower installation cost in the arid region. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new analytical model to study the influence of weld on the vertical dynamic response of prestressed pipe pile
Authors: Wu Wenbing , Jiang Guosheng , Huang Shenggen , Mei Guoxiong , Leo Chin Jian 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis investigation is concerned with the mathematical analysis of a viscoelastic prestressed pipe pile embedded in multilayered soil under vertical dynamic excitation. The pile surrounding soil is governed by the plane strain model, and the soil plug is assumed to be an additional mass connected to the pipe pile shaft by applying the distributed Voigt model. Meanwhile, the prestressed pipe pile is assumed to be a vertical, viscoelastic, and hollow cylinder governed by the one‐dimensional wave equation. Then, analytical solutions of the dynamic response of the pipe pile in the frequency domain are derived by means of the Laplace transform and impedance function transfer method. Subsequently, the corresponding quasi‐analytical solution in the time domain for the case of the prestressed pipe pile undergoing a vertical semi‐sinusoidal exciting force applied at the pile top is obtained by employing the inverse Fourier transform. Utilizing these solutions, selected results for the velocity admittance curve and the reflected wave curve are presented for different heights of the soil plug to examine the influence of weld properties on the vertical dynamic response of prestressed pipe pile. The reasonableness of the theoretical model is verified by comparing the calculated results based on the presented solutions with measured results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the open‐circuit voltage of Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin film solar cells via interface passivation
Authors: Kim Jekyung , Park Sanghyun , Ryu Sangwoo , Oh Jihun , Shin Byungha 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study reports on substantial improvement of the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin film solar cells by applying a passivation strategy to both the top and bottom interfaces of the CZTSe absorber, which involves insertion of a thin dielectric layer between the CZTSe and the surrounding layers. The study also presents in‐depth material characterizations using transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, low‐temperature photoluminescence, and secondary ion mass spectrometry, to reveal the effects of the interface passivation. To passivate the bottom Mo/CZTSe interface, a dielectric layer with patterned local contacts of dimensions down to ~100 nm was prepared using nanosphere lithography. With this, the Voc, short‐circuit current, and fill factor (FF) were significantly enhanced due to reduction in carrier recombination at the bottom Mo/CZTSe interface. The top CZTSe/CdS interface was passivated by a thin dielectric layer which prevented inter‐diffusion of Cd and Cu at the top interface, thereby improving the junction quality. Application of the top passivation layers resulted in substantial improvement in Voc and FF, thereby achieving the Voc deficit of 0.542 V which is the record value among reported CZTSe solar cells. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new method to deduce counterexamples in secure routing protocols based on strand space model
Authors: Dong Xuewen , Yang Chao , Sheng Lijie , Wang Chao , Ma Jianfeng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStrand space model, an excellent formal analysis method, is still not effective enough when it is used to analyze ad hoc routing protocols. Counterexamples cannot be deduced directly if a protocol is proved insecure by strand space model. Based on backward reasoning and strand space model, an attack analysis method is proposed to find all possible attacks that cause nonexistent routes to be accepted. To begin with, a nonexistent route is assumed to be accepted by a routing protocol. Then, to decrease the complexity of analysis, an adversarial node abstraction process is carried out to make all the intermediate nodes in the nonexistent route turn into normal nodes. Furthermore, a combined analysis of strand space model and cross‐route attack is carried on the route reply phase of the routing protocol. Finally, all possible attacks that lead to the nonexistent route can be deduced after combined analyzing of the route request phase. Then, we take endairA—a classic secure routing protocol in ad hoc networks—as an example to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the new method. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Causal knowledge analysis for detecting and modeling multi‐step attacks
Authors: Ahmadian Ramaki Ali , Rasoolzadegan Abbas 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn order to understand the security level of an organization network, detection methods are important to tackle the probable risks of the attackers' malicious activities. Intrusion detection systems, as detection solutions of the defense in depth concept, are one of the main devices to record and analyze suspicious behaviors. Besides the benefits of these systems for security enhancement, they will bring some challenges and issues for security administrators. A large number of raw alerts generated by the intrusion detection systems clearly reflect the need for a novel proactive alert correlation framework to reduce redundant alerts, correlate security incidents, discover and model multi‐step attack scenarios, and track them. Several alert correlation frameworks have been proposed in the literature, but the majority of them address the alert correlation in the offline settings. In this paper, we propose a three‐phase alert correlation framework, which processes the generated alerts in real time, correlates the alerts with the aid of causal knowledge discovery to automatically extract causal relationships between alerts, constructs the attack scenarios using the Bayesian network concept, and predicts the next goal of the attacks using the creating attack prediction rules. Experimental results show that the scalable proposed framework is efficient enough in learning and detecting known and unknown multi‐step attack scenarios without using any predefined knowledge. The results also show that the proposed framework perfectly estimates complex attacks before they can damage the assets of the network. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Promoting student progressions in science classrooms: A video study
Authors: Jin Hui , Johnson Michele E. , Shin Hyo Jeong , Anderson Charles W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study was conducted in a large‐scale environmental literacy project. In the project, we developed a Learning Progression Framework (LPF) for matter and energy in social–ecological systems; the LPF contains four achievement levels. Based on the LPF, we designed a Plant Unit to help Levels 2 and 3 students advance to Level 4 of the LPF. In the present study, 12 teachers used the Plant Unit to teach, and their students took an LPF‐based assessment both before and after the teaching intervention. We observed and videotaped 20 lessons from four of those participating teachers. In this article, we report on how teachers’ teaching practice and students’ learning practice in classrooms mediate the intervention's impact on students’ learning outcomes. Regarding teaching practice, we focused on how teachers used discourse strategies to engage students in meaningful learning. Regarding students’ learning practice, we studied epistemological frames that the students used to guide their thinking. The results show that encouraging students to talk about the how and why behind their answers did not always lead to students’ use of productive frames and positive learning gains. We found that one teacher, Ms. S, successfully fostered students’ use of productive frames by using discourse strategies that target the specialized ways of reasoning behind the science content and the rationale for scientific investigations. Ms. S’ students also achieved a learning gain higher than the average learning gain in the intervention. These results suggest that discourse strategies aligned with the LPF play an important role in learning progression‐based interventions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54: 852–883, 2017
Word learning mechanisms
Authors: He Angela Xiaoxue , Arunachalam Sudha 
Published: February 2017

How do children acquire the meanings of words? Many word learning mechanisms have been proposed to guide learners through this challenging task. Despite the availability of rich information in the learner's linguistic and extralinguistic input, the word‐learning task is insurmountable without such mechanisms for filtering through and utilizing that information. Different kinds of words, such as nouns denoting object concepts and verbs denoting event concepts, require to some extent different kinds of information and, therefore, access to different kinds of mechanisms. We review some of these mechanisms to examine the relationship between the input that is available to learners and learners’ intake of that input—that is, the organized, interpreted, and stored representations they form. We discuss how learners segment individual words from the speech stream and identify their grammatical categories, how they identify the concepts denoted by these words, and how they refine their initial representations of word meanings. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1435. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1435This article is categorized under:

Linguistics > Language Acquisition
Psychology > Language
Stroke screening and health‐related physical fitness testing in medical staff members in Urumqi, China
Authors: Wang Yu‐Shan , Liu Bo , Jiang Yan , Liu Zhong‐Hua , Yao Hua 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveStroke is the leading cause of death and disability, and is closely related to a lack of exercise. Currently, most Chinese medical staff members lack exercise and may be at risk for stroke. We sought to determine the risk factors for stroke and study the significance of health‐related physical fitness testing in stroke prevention among Chinese medical staff members.MethodsA total of 627 subjects from Urumqi, Xinjiang, China, were included in the study and a survey was conducted from 1st January 2016 to 1st February 2016. Stroke screening and health‐related physical fitness testing were completed according to the standard protocol, and the related data were analyzed.ResultsBased on the screening, 27.6% (n = 173) of the subjects were at high risk for stroke. The top risk factors for stroke in these subjects were dyslipidemia, lack of exercise or mild physical activity, being overweight or obese, and high blood pressure. Body weight, body mass index, body fat, visceral fat area, body fat percentage, and basal metabolic rate were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in subjects at high risk for stroke than in subjects who were not at high risk. Lung capacity, step index, grip test, vertical jump, and sit‐up/push‐up index were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in subjects at high risk for stroke than in subjects who were not at high risk.ConclusionsA large proportion of China's on‐the‐job medical personnel is at high risk for stroke. This may be related to the nature of the profession and warrants more attention from the society. The health‐related physical fitness measurement parameters in subjects at high risk for stroke were significantly different from those in subjects who were not at high risk. Screening and health‐related physical fitness testing in medical staff members may contribute to stroke prevention. More rigorous controlled clinical trials will be needed in the future.
Mechanical technology effect in the treatment of anorectocele using transanal repair of rectocele and full rectal mucosectomy with one circular stapler procedure
Authors: Sardiñas Carlos , Arreaza Dilia Díaz , Osorio Héctor 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Objective Transanal repair of rectocele and full rectal mucosectomy with one circular stapler is a procedure designed for the treatment of Obstructive Defecation Syndrome by doctor Fco. Sergio Regadas in 2005. We compare the use of multiple instruments and their mechanical technology effect in the treatment of anorectocele.
Patients and methods Female patients complaining about sensation of incomplete evacuation, ages between 40 and 55. The evaluation was made with the function of evacuation protocol: colonic transit time, colon radiology, ecodefecography, anorectal manometry and psychological test. The technique used was transanal repair of rectocele and full rectal mucosectomy with one circular stapler, using staplers CPH-34, CPH-34HV and EEA-3135-HEM, with measurement of the rectal wall resected: vertical length in centimetres, horizontal length in centimetres, weight in grams and volume in cubic centimetres; afterwards histological study of the tissue thickness, and applied the ANOVA and SPSS 12 tests for the statistical analysis.
Results The results obtained by comparing the resections made with the CPH-34, the CPH-34HV and the EEA-3135-HEM in respect of vertical length, horizontal length, weight and volume, were found to have no significant differences; neither in the histological study of the tissue thickness in respect of characteristics and structure.
Conclusion The effect of mechanical technology in the treatment of anorectocele with transanal repair of rectocele and full rectal mucosectomy with one circular stapler procedure using the CPH-34, the CPH-34HV and the EEA-3135-HEM, does not show any difference. Leaving the application of each to the operator competencies.
Validation of a Self-Report Questionnaire Assessing the Bodily and Physiological Sensations of Orgasm
Authors: Dubray Samantha , Gérard Marina , Beaulieu-Prévost Dominic , Courtois Frédérique 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Despite a plethora of research on sexual functioning during the past decades, the field is still lacking standardized measurements specifically characterizing orgasm. Although several validated tools are available to assess sexual function in healthy and clinical populations, items on orgasm are limited to frequency or dichotomous responses. A neurophysiologic model of orgasm developed from previous research in able-bodied and spinally injured populations offers a promising framework for the construction of a new questionnaire.

Aim
To develop and validate a brief self-report measurement of orgasm by the assessment of bodily and physiologic sensations perceived during climax by able-bodied individuals. Although the currently available tool focuses on the phenomenological sensations associated with climax, the goal of this questionnaire was to capture the more specific genital and extragenital sensations associated with orgasm.

Main Outcome Measures
The current Bodily Sensations of Orgasm questionnaire and the Orgasm Rating Scale.

Methods
Data from previous research conducted on individuals with spinal cord injury and the available empirical literature provided a pool of 45 items organized into four categories, which were reviewed by an expert panel. Upon review, a 28-item questionnaire was created and administered to a community sample of 227 participants, including men and women, 18 to 73 years old.

Results
Exploratory factor analyses supported the four-factor model, in which orgasm is comprised of extragenital sensations, genital sensations and spasms, nociceptive sensations, and sweating responses. Overall, a high degree of internal consistency was found for the final 22-item questionnaire (Cronbach α = 0.87), with individual reliability coefficients showing moderate to high internal consistency (r = 0.65–0.79) for each dimension. Overall temporal stability of the measurement was acceptable (r = 0.74). Using the Orgasm Rating Scale, satisfying convergent validity was confirmed, thereby indicating that the two measurements are complementary.

Conclusion
The Bodily Sensations of Orgasm questionnaire allows for a brief evaluation of the physical and physiologic sensations associated with orgasm. Findings also suggest perceptual differences between men and women with regard to climax, with women reporting a larger repertoire of climactic sensations during orgasm.