bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANIMAL HISTORY
Authors: Domańska Ewa 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis review reflects on animal history as a subfield of the discipline of history and presents its main arguments and future tasks. Its main goal is to identify the new research prospects and potentials proposed by the book edited by Susan Nance, The Historical Animal. These include such topics as the problem of “the animal's point of view,” animal agency (animals understood as “historical” agents and actors), the problem of identifying traces of animal actions in “anthropocentric” archives and searching for new historical sources (including animals’ testimonies). It also explores methodological difficulties, especially with the idea of the historicization of animals and the possible merger of the humanities and social sciences with the natural and life sciences. The review considers how studying animals forces scholars to rethink to its foundations history as a discipline. It claims that the most progressive proposals are coming from scholars (many of whom are historians) who advocate radical interdisciplinarity. The authors are not only interested in merging history with specific sciences (such as animal psychology, ecology, ethology, evolutionary biology, and zoology), but also question basic assumptions of the discipline: the epistemic authority claimed by historians for building knowledge of the past as well as the human epistemic authority for creating such knowledge. In this context several questions emerge: can we achieve “interspecies competence” (Erica Fudge's term) for creating a multispecies knowledge of the past? Can research on animals’ perception of change help us to develop nonhistorical approaches to the past? Can we imagine accounts of the past based on multispecies co‐authorship?
MISREPRESENTING MARX: A LESSON IN HISTORICAL METHOD
Authors: Megill Allan , Park Jaeyoon 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIn this book Jonathan Sperber deploys his extensive knowledge of nineteenth‐century European social and political history, and his diligent research into sources that have become readily available only recently, to produce a substantial biography of Karl Marx. We find, however, that Sperber is mistaken in his treatment of Marx's ideas and of the intellectual contexts within which Marx worked. In fact, we suggest that he is systematically mistaken in this regard. We locate a root source of the error in his reductive approach to theoretical ideas.In section I we focus on the claim, taken for granted in the book, that Marx's ideas are instantiations of “materialism.” By detailed reference to the record of Marx's writings, we show that there is no justification for describing Marx as a “materialist” in the usually accepted senses of that term. In section II we review how Soviet and other interpreters of Marx, taking their lead from the later Engels, insisted that “materialism” was fundamental to Marxism. We suggest that Sperber's presentation of Marx's thinking as “materialist and atheist” aligns far better with such interpretations than it does with what Marx actually wrote. In sections III and IV we criticize Sperber's “contextualist” approach to dealing with ideas in history. His approach may seem reminiscent of Quentin Skinner’ s, but where Skinner deploys the discursive conventions prevailing in a past time to illuminate theoretical ideas, Sperber reduces theoretical ideas to context. We name Sperber's approach “theoretical nominalism,” a term that we use to denote the view that theoretical ideas are nothing but interventions into particular situations. We end by suggesting that greater attentiveness to philosophy and theory would have enriched Sperber's efforts in this book.
N.A.P.M. Business Survey Data: Their Value as Leading Indicators
Authors: Klein Philip A. , Moore Geoffrey H. 
Published: June 2017

Professional forecasters engage on a continuing basis in efforts to identify and refine leading indicators that can be used to enhance the accuracy of economic forecasts. Since the 1940s, the National Association of Purchasing Management (N.A.P.M.) has collected monthly business survey data which, until recent years, has been underutilized by professional economists. In this article the authors, both internationally recognized business cycle researchers, discuss the results of their study designed to evaluate the usefulness of this N.A.P.M. data series for purposes of economic forecasting. The authors conclude that the N.A.P.M. data dealing with prices, new orders, inventory changes, and vendor performance is indeed useful for forecasting purposes. A new N.A.P.M. leading index constructed by the authors appears to be a promising tool for monitoring the ebb and flow of the business cycles.The results of this research project were originally presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Forecasting in Paris, France in 1986. The work has been refined and updated for publication in this issue of the Journal.
Seller Pricing Strategies: A Buyer's Perspective
Authors: Lamm David V. , Vose Lawrence C. 
Published: June 2017

Understanding pricing strategies used by sellers is extremely important to a successful buyer. Several key variables can be identified and evaluated in determining the seller's pricing strategy and the conditions under which it was developed. Knowing how to recognize these variables and integrate them into the buying process is a challenging and demanding effort. The motivated buyer constantly hones his or her skills in this area, attempting to obtain the most advantageous business arrangement for the organization.This article identifies various seller pricing strategies and the principal variables involved in their analysis. The strategies and variables examined should significantly assist buyers in preparing for the buying task.
Controlling Purchasing Price Performance
Authors: Felch R. Bruce , Felch Robert I. 
Published: June 2017

In manufacturing, effective purchasing is crucial. The operations of the firm require an uninterrupted flow of parts and materials. Moreover, since purchasing on the average redirects well over half of each dollar of sales revenue for these required materials, cost‐effectiveness is important.The advent of real‐time computer‐based management information systems has stimulated the introduction of improved techniques for controlling the operations of manufacturing and institutional enterprises alike. This article provides a case illustration of a useful computerized reporting system that facilitates measurement and control of purchasing performance. It focuses on comparisons of current material prices with historical prices and standard costs, allowing management to set cost targets and then track progress toward their achievement. Additionally, the system provides both an incentive and a basis for evaluating the performance of individual buyers.
Determinants of Source Loyalty in Buyer‐Seller Relationships
Authors: Sriram Ven , Mummalaneni Venkatapparao 
Published: June 2017

A significant change is occurring in the way a growing number of organizations manage their input acquisition strategy. Some purchasing managers are being asked by their organizations to shift from the more traditional “arms‐length” relationships with their suppliers to a newer, closer, “relationship‐building” approach. While both practitioners and academicians are interested in this new focus on buyer‐seller relationships, as evidenced from their writings in the trade and professional journals, much of the early work has been descriptive and conceptual. Empirical evidence appears to be limited concerning some of the characteristics of this new type of relationship—for instance, the factors that contribute to source loyalty or the association between relationship length and loyalty.This article develops hypotheses about these and other issues relating to these close relationships and tests them in two different settings. The results provide useful insights into the changing nature of buyer‐seller relationships.
Redefining the Purchasing Function: An Entrepreneurial Perspective
Authors: Morris Michael H. , Calantone Roger J. 
Published: June 2017

Turbulence in the external environments of companies is producing a number of changes in the roles and responsibilities of the purchasing function. Capitalizing on the opportunities created under such conditions requires that purchasing be approached as a potential source of competitive advantage that adds value to the corporate operation. One perspective is that functions such as purchasing must become more entrepreneurial if they are to make significant strategic contributions in the future.This article summarizes the results of a study directed at purchasing managers regarding the nature of entrepreneurship and its applicability within the purchasing function. The results suggest that managers are placing increasing importance on the need for entrepreneurship, and are able to identify specific activities within purchasing where entrepreneurship is most critical. Major obstacles in achieving an entrepreneurship focus are identified, and examples of entrepreneurial behavior within purchasing are provided.
Tumstatin regulates the angiogenic and inflammatory potential of airway smooth muscle extracellular matrix
Authors: Harkness Louise Margaret , Weckmann Markus , Kopp Matthias , Becker Tim , Ashton Anthony Wayne , Burgess Janette Kay 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) creates the microenvironment of the tissue; an altered ECM in the asthmatic airway may be central in airway inflammation and remodelling. Tumstatin is a collagen IV‐derived matrikine reduced in the asthmatic airway wall that reverses airway inflammation and remodelling in small and large animal models of asthma. This study hypothesized that the mechanisms underlying the broad asthma‐resolving effects of tumstatin were due to autocrine remodelling of the ECM. Neutrophils and endothelial cells were seeded on decellularized ECM of non‐asthmatic (NA) or asthmatic (A) airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells previously exposed to tumstatin in the presence or absence of a broad matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, Marimastat. Gene expression in NA and A ASM induced by tumstatin was assessed using RT‐PCR arrays. The presence of tumstatin during ECM deposition affected neutrophil and endothelial cell properties on both NA and A ASM‐derived matrices and this was only partly due to MMP activity. Gene expression patterns in response to tumstatin in NA and A ASM cells were different. Tumstatin may foster an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐angiogenic microenvironment by modifying ASM‐derived ECM. Further work is required to examine whether restoring tumstatin levels in the asthmatic airway represents a potential novel therapeutic approach.
Oral fluoropyrimidine versus intravenous 5‐fluorouracil for the treatment of advanced gastric and colorectal cancer: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Xing Xiaoli , Meng Fanlu , Wang Yan , Zhong Diansheng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground and Aim5‐Fluorouracil (5‐Fu) is one of the most commonly prescribed antineoplastic agents against gastric and colorectal cancers. Continuous infusion would be the optimal way of its administration, however, may usually cause thrombosis, infection, and prolonged hospital stay. Oral fluoropyrimidines would be an attractive alternative, but their efficiency and toxicities for the treatment of gastric and colorectal cancer are still obscure as compared with infusion 5‐Fu.MethodsLiterature retrieval, trials selection and assessment, data collection, and statistic analysis were performed according to the Cochrane Handbook. The outcome measures were tumor response rate, progression‐free survival, overall survival, and adverse effects.ResultsTwenty‐nine randomized controlled trials, comprising totally 15 154 patients, were included. Meta‐analysis showed similar overall outcome in terms of response rate (1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92–1.12), progression‐free survival (hazard ratio 1.00; 95%CI, 0.94–1.06), and overall survival (hazard ratio 0.96; 95%CI, 0.92–1.01) between oral fluoropyrimidine‐based and intravenous 5‐Fu‐based regimens in gastric and colorectal cancer patients. The risk of grade 3/4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and stomatitis was more prominent in intravenous 5‐Fu‐based regimens; while more frequent grade 3/4 hand‐foot syndrome, diarrhea, and anorexia were detected in oral fluoropyrimidine‐based regimens.ConclusionsOral‐fluoropyrimidines showed equivalent response and similar survival outcomes, but different toxicity profiles, as compared with intravenous 5‐Fu. Thus, it would be a more convenient and adjustable alternative in treatment of advanced gastric and colorectal cancer.
Physiological effects of anterior repositioning splint on temporomandibular joint disc displacement: a quantitative analysis
Authors: Chen H.‐M. , Liu M.‐Q. , Yap A. U‐J. , Fu K.‐Y. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryAnterior repositioning splints (ARS) are used primarily for the management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR). However, the exact physiological effects of ARS are still unclear. This study investigated the short and long‐term effects of ARS on disc and condyle angles/positions by metric analysis. Twenty‐two subjects diagnosed with ADDwR were recruited. Maxillary full‐coverage ARS were fabricated, and MRI of TMJs was obtained before splint treatment, immediate post‐insertion and 6 months after splint treatment. Disc–condyle relationship was determined by disc–condyle angle measurement. Disc and condyle positions were described as X‐Y coordinates with the summit of glenoid fossa as the origin of the coordinates. Thirty‐two TMJs were classified as ADDwR and 12 were normal. Upon ARS insertion, all TMJs with ADDwR got normal disc–condyle relationships. The condyles moved significantly forward and downward, while the discs moved significantly backward and upward. MRI at 6 months after treatment (without ARS insertion) indicated that only 40·6% (13/32) of the joints were maintained in the normal disc–condyle relationship. The majority of condyles returned to their pre‐treatment positions, while the discs generally moved anteriorly again. The use of ARS resulted in forward and downward condyle movement, and a concurrent backward movement of the disc resulting in ideal spatial disc–condyle relationship. The stability of this relationship, however, could not be maintained in the majority of TMJs upon ARS removal. Findings explain the good short‐term clinical outcomes with ARS and their relatively lower efficacy in the long term.
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen as a prognostic marker and its correlation with clinicopathological features in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Travassos Daphine Caxias , Fernandes Darcy , Massucato Elaine Maria Sgavioli , Navarro Cláudia Maria , Bufalino Andreia 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundSeveral studies investigate the prognostic value of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC‐Ag) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, with contradicting findings. Considering this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of high SCC‐Ag levels and its association with clinicopathological features of HNSCC.Material and MethodsPubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies up to December 2015. English‐language publications assessing clinicopathological features of HNSCC and the prognostic significance of SCC‐Ag in this disease were included. A meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 and STATA version 14 software to clarify a possible association between SCC‐Ag and clinical outcomes.ResultsA total of 11 studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 1901 cases of HNSCC. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that there was significant correlation between high SCC‐Ag levels and males (odds ratio [OR]=2.99, 95% CI: 1.18‐7.57, P=.02 fixed‐effect), and advanced TNM stages (OR=3.18, 95% CI: 1.88‐5.38, P<.0001 random‐effect). The survival meta‐analysis showed a pooled hazard ratio for disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of 1.01 (95% CI: 0.70‐1.31) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.54‐1.17), respectively.ConclusionOur meta‐analysis suggests that elevated SCC‐Ag levels have a significant correlation with males and TNM stage, but may not be used as predictive marker for OS and DFS in HNSCC patients.
Plant elicitor peptides promote plant defences against nematodes in soybean
Authors: Lee Min Woo , Huffaker Alisa , Crippen Devany , Robbins Robert T. , Goggin Fiona L. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryPlant elicitor peptides (Peps) are widely distributed among angiosperms, and have been shown to amplify immune responses in multiple plant families. Here, we characterize three Peps from soybean (Glycine max) and describe their effects on plant defences against two damaging agricultural pests, the root‐knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). Seed treatments with exogenous GmPep1, GmPep2 or GmPep3 significantly reduced the reproduction of both nematodes. Pep treatment also protected plants from the inhibitory effects of root‐knot nematodes on above‐ground growth, and up‐regulated basal expression levels of nematode‐responsive defence genes. GmPep1 induced the expression of its propeptide precursor (GmPROPEP1), a nucleotide‐binding site leucine‐rich repeat protein (NBS‐LRR), a pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI), Respiratory Burst Oxidase Protein D (RBOHD) and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves. In addition, GmPep2 and GmPep3 seed treatments up‐regulated RBOHD expression and ROS accumulation in roots and leaves. These results suggest that GmPeps activate plant defences through systemic transcriptional reprogramming and ROS signalling, and that Pep seed treatments represent a potential strategy for nematode management.
Association between resistance to erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents and carnitine profile in patients on maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Kamei Daigo , Tsuchiya Ken , Nitta Kosaku , Mineshima Michio , Akiba Takashi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivePatients on dialysis are in a chronic carnitine‐deficient state. This condition may be associated with abnormalities in fatty acid and organic acid metabolism; however, the details are unknown. We investigated the association between carnitine profiles before and after dialysis and the erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA) resistance index (ERI), which is a significant prognostic factor in patients on maintenance haemodialysis.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study. We measured the carnitine profile of 79 patients on maintenance haemodialysis before and after dialysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The associations between the ERI and pre‐dialysis carnitine profile, removal rate of various carnitines, and previously‐reported ERI‐related factors were investigated. Significant factors were determined with stepwise multiple regression analysis and validated with the bootstrap method. SPSS version 22.0 was used for analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe removal rate of long‐chain acylcarnitine with dialysis was lower than that of short‐chain or medium‐chain acylcarnitines. Stepwise multiple regression analysis (n = 79) demonstrated that 3‐hydroxy isovalerylcarnitine (C5‐OH, P < 0.001, β = −0.469) and stearoylcarnitine (C18, P < 0.001, β = 0.390) were independent significant factors (R2 = 0.239) of ERI. The bootstrap method similarly indicated these two to be significant factors.ConclusionERI positively correlated with long‐chain C18 acylcarnitine and negatively correlated with short‐chain C5‐OH acylcarnitine. C5‐OH and C18 acylcarnitines at baseline might be contributing factors in distinguishing responders from nonresponders after L‐carnitine administration.
Degenerative Politics and Youth Criminal Justice Policy in Canada
Authors: Heinmiller B. Timothy , Hennigar Matthew A. , Kopec Sandra 
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this article is to determine whether degenerative politics, a central proposition of democratic policy design theory or social constructivism, has been evident in Canadian youth criminal justice policy. Using a synchronic and diachronic case study design, the article conducts a rigorous content analysis of the legislative debates leading to theYoung Offenders Actin 1982 and theYouth Criminal Justice Actin 2002. Policy makers’ social constructions of violent and nonviolent young offenders are measured, along with the benefit/burden content of the legislation, to determine whether young offenders have been caught in the downward spiral of degenerative politics. It finds evidence of degenerative politics for violent young offenders but not for nonviolent young offenders and explores some of the reasons for this divergence.Related ArticlesDauda,Carol L.2010. “.”Politics & Policy38():1159‐1185.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00394.x/fullDyck,Joshua J., andAnnikaHagley.2012. “.”Politics & Policy40():195‐220.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00346.x/fullTraut,Carol A., andCraig F.Emmert.2003. “.”Politics & Policy31():296‐312.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2003.tb00150.x/fullRelated Media.2013. “Youth Criminal Justice in Action.”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v = KdZacGdgJrs.2015. “Public Policy Theory and Democracy.”http://www.ippapublicpolicy.org/teaching-ressource/public-policy-theory-and-democracy/9
The Identity Construction of Nationally Mixed People: The Impact of Parental Transmission and Socialization Outside the Family
Authors: Unterreiner Anne 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA nationally mixed person, defined as an individual whose parents were born in different countries, may have plural socialization and identify with different nations. Studying this population allows us thus to investigate the process of national identification. From ninety‐seven qualitative interviews of mixed people living in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, we learn that parental transmission and socialization outside the family interact in the production of the national identification of mixed people. The intermingling of these dimensions leads the national identity of mixed people to turn towards four identity poles: a rooted identity, a mixed identity based on heritage, a foreigner identity, or an identity other than national. Analysing national self‐identification through identity poles has important theoretical implications. First, it shows that national belonging is characterized by fluidity and plurality throughout the entire life course of the respondents. Second, the definition of these different poles of identification highlights the determinants of national self‐identification.