bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial signs in patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: time for an expanded triad?
Authors: Bergmark Peter , Sadeghi Mitra , Talvitie Mareia , Hultgren Rebecka 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background and objective
Misdiagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA) contributes to delayed treatment and potentially higher mortality. The symptomatology in patients with rAAA is complex and challenging, 25–50% presumably fulfill the criteria of the standard triad of signs (STS). The objective was to determine the initial signs registered for patients with verified rAAAs, and to investigate if an expanded diagnostic triad could increase the diagnostic accuracy.

Methods
A population-based study was conducted among all patients presenting with verified rAAAs in Stockholm County, Sweden, from January 2010 to October 2021. Patients were identified with ICD code 171.3 (rAAA). The STS was defined as (1) abdominal pain, (2) syncope and (3) the finding of a pulsatile abdominal mass, the prevalence of STS was investigated. An expanded triad included similar and related signs commonly registered for patients with rAAA, and was referred to as the modified abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture signs (MARS). The MARS-signs encompassed (1) the registered pain-associated symptoms or signs, (2) all hypovolemic associated signs, and (3) pulsatile abdominal mass and/or ultrasound finding, and the prevalence was similarly investigated. Finally, the STS and MARS were compared to evaluate the usefulness and performance of the MARS-score.

Results
A total of 216 patients were identified. The majority were men (77%) with a median age of 78 years. The dominating symptom was abdominal pain (84%), followed by dizziness (50%). Few patients presented with three STS (13%), two STS were found in 37% and one STS in almost half of the patients (41%). By contrast, when applying MARS 35% presented with the complete expanded triad, 47% with two and 17% with one. Comparison of accuracy favored MARS (13 vs. 35% with 3 signs, P < 0.001 for STS vs. MARS) (2 or 3 signs, 48 vs. 82% STS vs. MARS, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The expanded MARS-signs could aid in easier and faster identification of rAAA patients, thus facilitating the first step with accurate diagnosis into the lifesaving rAAA care chain. Supportive diagnostic mnemonics and tools are especially important when targeting fatal diagnoses such as rAAA. Further studies are needed to investigate the implementation of the MARS-signs in various clinical settings.
Naivety dies with the calf: calf loss to human hunters imposes behavioral change in a long-lived but heavily harvested ungulate
Authors: Graf Lukas , Thurfjell Henrik , Ericsson Göran , Neumann Wiebke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
In prey, patterns of individual habitat selection and movement can be a consequence of an individuals’ anti-predator behavior. Adjustments of anti-predator behavior are important for prey to increase their survival. Hunters may alter the anti-predator behavior of prey. In long-lived animals, experience may cause behavioral changes during individuals’ lifetime, which may result in altered habitat selection and movement. Our knowledge of which specific events related to hunting activity induce behavioral changes in solitary living species is still limited.

Methods
We used offspring loss in a solitary and long-lived ungulate species, moose (Alces alces), as our model system. We investigated whether offspring loss to hunters induces behavioral changes in a species subjected to heavy human harvest but free from natural predation. To test for behavioral change in relation to two proxies for experience (calf fate and age), we combined movement data from 51 adult female moose with data on their offspring survival and female age. We tested for adjustments in females’ habitat selection and movement following calf harvest using Hidden Markov Models and integrated Step Selection Analysis to obtain behavioral state specific habitat selection coefficients.

Results
We found that females with a harvested calf modified habitat selection and movement during the following hunting season. Female moose selected for shorter distance to roads during the night, selected for shorter distance to forests and greater distance to human settlements following calf harvest than females who had not lost a calf. The survival of twins in a given hunting season was related to female age. Older females we more likely to have twins survive the hunting season.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that losing offspring to human harvest imposes behavioral changes in a long-lived ungulate species, leading to adjustments in females' habitat selection and movement behavior, which may lower the risk of encountering hunters. In our study, female moose that experienced calf loss selected for lower distance to forest and selected for greater distance to human settlements during periods of high hunting pressure compared to females without the experience of calf loss during the previous hunting season. We interpret this as potential learning effects.
Association between red blood cell distribution width and 30-day mortality in critically ill septic patients: a propensity score-matched study
Authors: Wu Yu-Cheng , Chen Hsin-Hua , Chao Wen-Cheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Sepsis is the leading cause of death worldwide, and a number of biomarkers have been developed for early mortality risk stratification. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a routinely available hematological data and has been found to be associated with mortality in a number of diseases; therefore, we aim to address the association between RDW and mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis.

Methods
We analyzed data of critically ill adult patients with sepsis on the TriNetX platform, excluding those with hematologic malignancies, thalassemia, and iron deficiency anemia. Propensity score-matching (PSM) (1:1) was used to mitigate confounding effects, and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence (CI) was calculated to determine the association between RDW and 30-day mortality. We further conducted sensitivity analyses through using distinct cut-points of RDW and severities of sepsis.

Results
A total of 256,387 critically ill septic patients were included in the analysis, and 40.0% of them had RDW equal to or higher than 16%. After PSM, we found that high RDW was associated with an increased 30-day mortality rate (HR: 1.887, 95% CI 1.847–1.928). The associations were consistent using distinct cut-points of RDW, with the strength of association using cut-points of 12%, 14%, 16%, 18% and 20% were 2.098, 2.204, 1.887, 1.809 and 1.932, respectively. Furthermore, we found consistent associations among critically ill septic patients with distinct severities, with the association among those with shock, receiving mechanical ventilation, bacteremia and requirement of hemodialysis being 1.731, 1.735, 2.380 and 1.979, respectively.

Conclusion
We found that RDW was associated with 30-day mortality in critically ill septic patients, underscoring the potential as a prognostic marker in sepsis. More studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.
Overview of Pilonidal Cyst Treatment Methods - Review Paper
Authors: Łukaszewska Ewa , Sajkiewicz Ilona , Miga-Orczykowska Nadia , Jasiuk Ilona , Lemieszek Paulina , Wójtowicz Justyna , Rudnicka Katarzyna , Pustelniak Martyna , Krukar Katarzyna , Chrościński Kamil 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and purpose
A pilonidal cyst also known as a pilondial sinus, is an inflammatory condition that occurs in the intergluteal region, which can lead to serious infections. It most commonly affects young men, with risk factors including the presence of hair in this area, excessive sweating, obesity, and poor hygiene. Symptoms include a lump, pain, and purulent discharge from openings in the skin. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, a physical examination, and often an ultrasound. The aim of this paper is to present and compare the available methods for treating pilonidal cysts.
Materials and methods
Literature available in PubMed databases were reviewed using the following keywords: ‘’Pilonidal cyst’’, ‘’Hair cyst’’, ‘’Abscess’’, ‘’Treatment of pilonidal cyst’’,’’ Bascom II method’’,’’ Limberg flap’’,’’ Suchorski technique’’, ‘’V-Y or Z skin flap reconstruction’’,’’ the Karadakis’’
Results
The available treatment methods can be divided into conservative and invasive approaches. Conservative methods include hair removal and improved hygiene. Among the surgical methods, there are traditional excision techniques and modern methods such as excision using the Bascom II method, Limberg flap, Suchorski technique, or V-Y or Z skin flap reconstruction. The Karadakis method, which involves shifting a skin flap, is particularly effective for obese patients.
Conclusion
Treatment of pilonidal cysts depends on the stage and symptoms. Abscesses require urgent surgical intervention, while asymptomatic cysts can be treated conservatively or surgically.
Comprehensive Approaches to the Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia
Authors: Miga-Orczykowska Nadia 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and purpose
Achalasia is the most prevalent primary esophageal motility disorder, marked by improper relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), increased resting pressure in the LES, and a lack of peristalsis in the esophagus. Symptoms include difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), regurgitation, chest pain, and weight loss. Due to the nonspecific nature of these symptoms, diagnosis can be delayed by several years. Since the underlying cause of achalasia is still unknown, treatment options focus on alleviating symptoms by targeting the lower esophageal sphincter.
Materials and methods

This paper is based on a literature review sourced from PubMed, using the following keywords: achalasia, POEM, laparoscopic cardiomyotomy, pneumatic dilation, and botulinum toxin injection.
Results
Various treatment options are available for achalasia, each offering unique features and results. The main approaches include Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM), Laparoscopic Myotomy (LM), Botulinum Toxin Injection, and Pneumatic Dilation (PD).
Conclusion
Each treatment differs in its level of invasiveness, duration of symptom relief, risk of complications, and the likelihood of requiring additional interventions. The selection of the most suitable option is influenced by individual patient factors, such as the type and severity of achalasia, overall health, and personal preference
Innovative Business Models in Ocean-Bound Plastic Recycling
Authors: Baron Opher , Romero Gonzalo , Zhang Zhuoluo , Zhou Sean X. 
Published: September 2024

Problem definition: About 30 million tons of plastic waste reaches the oceans each year, mostly from low- and middle-income coastal countries. We study novel business models of firms aiming to reduce ocean plastic pollution with a triple-bottom-line (TBL) objective—a weighted sum of profit, environmental impact, and social impact. These firms sell (a) plastic offsets and (b) segregated plastic. Methodology/results: We develop and analyze models where a firm partners with a local plastic recycling supply chain to sell (a), (b), or both via collecting and recycling ocean-bound plastic. Considering additionality (i.e., that the firm can only sell plastic offsets based on recycled plastic that is additional to the plastic recycled without the firm’s presence), we solve the equilibrium outcomes by maximizing the firm’s TBL objective. For the special case of a for-profit firm, we show that additionality can decrease the firm’s social and environmental impacts when selling (a) only or when selling both (a) and (b). Additionality may also alter the effect of the local recycled plastic market (i.e., the number of collectors and the recycled plastic price) on the firm. We find similar insights under the TBL objective via a numerical study calibrated with real data. Managerial implications: When firms decide whether to integrate and promote additionality, they must be careful because it may not only reduce their profit but also, reduce their social and environmental impacts. Moreover, we find that selling both (a) and (b) can generate a much higher TBL objective value than selling either one alone. We also find that firms employing a TBL objective can generate much larger environmental and social impacts with a slight reduction in profits than profit-maximizing firms. Our model and results provide insights into new initiatives for tackling ocean plastic pollution. Funding: O. Baron and G. Romero are both supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Z. Zhang is partially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Xiamen University [Grant 20720241012]. S. X. Zhou is partially supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund [Grant CUHK-14500921], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72394395], and the Asian Institute of Supply Chains and Logistics. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0643 .
IRON PAINTING PROCESS AND MATHEMATIC MODELING OF IRON PAINTING DRYING
Authors: Unike Khaerani Salmayanti  
Published: September 2024

Iron painting aims to make the object to be painted look attractive and extend the life of the iron from corrosion. In the process of drying iron painting using the Moisture Ratio formula MR = 1 - t/5, with ambient temperature 25°C.
Multiplicity of normalized semi-classical states for a class of nonlinear Choquard equations
Authors: Wu Jinxia , He Xiaoming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article is concerned with the existence of multiple normalized solutions for a class of Choquard equations with a parametric perturbation

−

ε

2

Δ
u
+
V

(

x

)

u
=
λ
u
+

ε

−
α

(

I

α

*
F

(

u

)

)

f

(

u

)

,

x
∈

R

N

,

∫

R

N

∣
u
∣

2

d
x
=

a

2

ε

N

,

\left\{\begin{array}{ll}-{\varepsilon }^{2}\Delta u+V\left(x)u=\lambda u+{\varepsilon }^{-\alpha }\left({I}_{\alpha }* F\left(u))f\left(u),\hspace{1.0em}& x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{N},\\ \mathop{\displaystyle \int }\limits_{{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}}{| u| }^{2}{\rm{d}}x={a}^{2}{\varepsilon }^{N},\hspace{1.0em}& \end{array}\right.

where

a
>
0

a\gt 0

is a constant,

ε
>
0

\varepsilon \gt 0

is a parameter,

N
≥
3

N\ge 3

,

α
∈

(

0
,
N

)

\alpha \in \left(0,N)

,

λ
∈
R

\lambda \in {\mathbb{R}}

is unknown and appears as a Lagrange multiplier,

f

f

is a continuous function with

L

2

{L}^{2}

-subcritical growth, and

V
:

R

N

→

[

0
,
∞

)

V:{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}\to \left[0,\infty )

is a continuous function, satisfying del Pino and Felmer’s local conditions. With the help of the penalization method, and Lusternik-Schnirelmann theory, we investigate the relationship between the number of positive normalized solutions and the topology of the set, where the potential

V

V

attains its minimum value if the parameter

ε
>
0

\varepsilon \gt 0

is small.
Principal spectral theory and asymptotic behavior of the spectral bound for partially degenerate nonlocal dispersal systems
Authors: Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the principal spectral theory and asymptotic behavior of the spectral bound for cooperative nonlocal dispersal systems, specifically focusing on the case where partial diffusion coefficients are zero, referred to as the partially degenerate case. We propose two sufficient conditions that ensure the existence of the principal eigenvalue in these partially degenerate systems. Additionally, we study the asymptotic behavior of the spectral bound for nonlocal dispersal operators with small and large diffusion coefficients, considering both non-degenerate and partially degenerate cases. Notably, we find a threshold-type result as the diffusion coefficients tend towards infinity in the partially degenerate case. Finally, we apply these findings to discuss the asymptotic behavior of the basic reproduction ratio in a viral diffusion model.
When Populism Meets the Constitutional Dimension: A Formal Framework for Facilitating Comparative Constitutional Studies
Authors: Barrios-Suvelza Franz Xavier 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this article, a systematic framework has been developed that identifies the key conceivable formal relationships that form the interface between populism and the constitution. It is concluded that while populist constitutionalism is a dead-end category because populism itself does not respect limitations on power, constitutional populism is possible. The various manifestations of constitutional populism are then broken down according to whether populism is capable of effectively influencing the content of a constitution. In the case of genuinely populist content, the various degrees of this influence are illustrated, all the way up to the almost impossible realization of a populist constitution. After a comparative application of these findings to Hungary and Bolivia and their constitutional reforms, the layers and scales at which populism can affect the state are explained using a three-dimensional representation. The article concludes by cautioning against the risks of the common practice among scholars of adjectivizing the noun ‘constitutionalism’, as in the case of ‘populist constitutionalism’, without defining the point at which the adjective corrupts the noun.
Between (anti-)grammar and identity: a quantitative and qualitative study of hyperdialectisms in Brabantish
Authors: Doreleijers Kristel , Grondelaers Stefan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Incomplete mastery of dialect grammar engenders ‘hyperdialectisms’ which may be unconscious errors, but which may also be the result of indexical resourcefulness, viz. the profiling of a regional identity. Fifty younger and older speakers from the Brabantish city of Eindhoven (Netherlands) were first administered an acceptability judgment task containing correct forms and three types of hyperdialectisms featuring gender and number constraints. Following the survey, the same respondents participated in a focus group discussion. Regression analysis on the scaled ratings revealed that all three types of hyperdialectisms were rejected, although it was especially the older respondents (almost all L1 dialect speakers) who were weary of the incorrect forms. Analysis of the focus group data demonstrated that older respondents are consciously aware of the rules of their dialect grammar, and hate it when these rules are violated. Younger respondents showed almost no meta-grammatical awareness, and admitted to ‘allowing’ the incorrect forms in some contexts because they ‘sound Brabantish’. Identity construction, in other words, is at the heart of hyperdialectal usage. Methodologically, this paper makes a plea for the confrontation of quantitative data – which provide the backbone of analysis – with qualitative data that offer access to motives for, and constraints on grammatical variation.
Peripheries and their internal structure: an empirical analysis of left- and right-peripheral sequences across written English discourse
Authors: Klumm Matthias 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the distribution, linear ordering and functions of sequences of linguistic elements occurring at the left and right peripheries of discourse units across three genres of written English discourse. Based on a corpus of news reports, commentaries and personal narratives, the paper aims to account for discourse-genre-specific preferences in the use of peripheral two-part sequences such as and so, but I think or now though. The data show considerable variation across genres in terms of (i) which formal types of sequences occur at the peripheries, (ii) how peripheral elements are sequentially ordered, and (iii) which discourse-pragmatic functions left- and right-peripheral sequences fulfil in written English discourse. The observed variation in the use of peripheral sequences across news reports, commentaries and personal narratives can be explained by discourse-related factors as well as the specific communicative purposes of each genre. The present article argues for a prototype-anchored conceptualization of the internal structure of discourse units: On the one hand, the left and right peripheries are conceptualized as containing a wide range of – more and less prototypical – linguistic elements (i.e. extra-clausal constituents and adjuncts); on the other hand, the boundary between core and periphery is conceptualized as fuzzy and gradient.
Position-Specific Differences in Speed Profiles Among National Football League Scouting Combine Participants
Authors: Gillen Zachary M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Gillen, ZM. Position-specific differences in speed profiles among NFL scouting combine participants. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—This study examined the relationships between speed profiles and athletic performance measurements from the National Football League (NFL) Scouting Combine, and position-specific differences in speed profiles. Subjects included NFL Scouting Combines participants with valid scores for the 40-yard dash, as well as the 10- and 20-yard splits of the 40-yard dash (n = 2,156). Subjects were divided into the following position groups: defensive backs (DBs, n = 421), defensive linemen (DL, n = 356), linebackers (LBs, n = 261), offensive linemen (OL, n = 354), running backs (RBs, n = 217), tight ends (TEs, n = 122), quarterbacks (QBs, n = 108), and wide receivers (WRs, n = 317). Performance measures included 40-yard dash time (with 10- and 20-yard split times), bench press repetitions to failure, vertical jump height, broad jump distance, pro-agility time, and L-cone drill time. The 40-yard dash and its splits calculated v

max
, τ, and a

max
to reflect speed profiles. One-way analysis of variances examined position-related differences. Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficients examined relationships between performance measures and speed profile variables. Skill positions (DB and WR) had the greatest v

max
and a

max
, and lowest τ, followed by big skill positions (LB, RB, TE, QB), followed by DL, then OL with the lowest v

max
and a

max
, and highest τ. For skill and big skill positions, v

max
, τ, and a

max
exhibited greater relationships with combine measures, whereas OL generally had the lowest relationships. The position-specific differences in this study demonstrate potential areas of strength and weakness for certain positions. This may help guide strength and conditioning coaches desiring to improve position-specific speed and acceleration capabilities for American football players.