bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Metastatic Spread and Mechanisms of Resistance to Crizotinib in ROS1-Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gainor Justin F. , Tseng Diane , Yoda Satoshi , Dagogo-Jack Ibiayi , Friboulet Luc , Lin Jessica J. , Hubbeling Harper G. , Dardaei Leila , Farago Anna F. , Schultz Katherine R. , Ferris Lorin A. , Piotrowska Zofia , Hardwick James , Huang Donghui , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Iafrate A. John , Hata Aaron N. , Yeap Beow Y. , Shaw Alice T. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose The ROS1 tyrosine kinase is activated through ROS1 gene rearrangements in 1% to 2% of non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), which confer sensitivity to treatment with the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)/ROS1/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor inhibitor crizotinib. Currently, insights into patterns of metastatic spread and mechanisms of crizotinib resistance among patients with ROS1-positive disease are limited. Patients and Methods We reviewed clinical and radiographic imaging data of patients with ROS1- and ALK-positive NSCLC to compare patterns of metastatic spread at initial metastatic diagnosis. To determine molecular mechanisms of crizotinib resistance, we analyzed repeat biopsy specimens from a cohort of patients with ROS1-positive disease who progressed on crizotinib. Results We identified 39 and 196 patients with advanced ROS1- and ALK-positive NSCLC, respectively. Patients with ROS1-positive disease had significantly lower rates of extrathoracic metastases ( ROS1, 59.0%; ALK, 83.2%; P = .002), including lower rates of brain metastases ( ROS1, 19.4%; ALK, 39.1%; P = .033), at initial metastatic diagnosis. Despite similar overall survival between patients with ALK- and ROS1-positive NSCLC treated with crizotinib (median, 3.0 v 2.5 years, respectively; P = .786), patients with ROS1-positive NSCLC also had a significantly lower cumulative incidence of brain metastases (34% v 73% at 5 years; P < .001). In addition, we identified 16 patients who underwent a total of 17 repeat biopsies after progression on crizotinib. ROS1 resistance mutations were identified in 53% of specimens, including nine (64%) of 14 non–brain metastasis specimens. ROS1 mutations included G2032R (41%), D2033N (6%), and S1986F (6%). Conclusion Compared with ALK rearrangements, ROS1 rearrangements are associated with lower rates of extrathoracic metastases, including fewer brain metastases, at initial metastatic diagnosis. ROS1 resistance mutations, particularly G2032R, appear to be the predominant mechanism of resistance to crizotinib, which underscores the need to develop novel ROS1 inhibitors with activity against these resistant mutants.
A Literary Remittance: Juan C. Laya’sHis Native Soiland the Rise of Realism in the Filipino Novel in English
Authors: Nadal Paul 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis essay recovers a once celebrated but now forgotten Filipino novel in English, Juan Cabreros Laya’s His Native Soil (1941), which marked the emergence of realism during the Philippine Commonwealth’s slow, decade-long transition to independence from the United States. Whereas the novel was originally praised as a landmark text in Philippine literature in English, His Native Soil was later dismissed by postwar critics as an imitative, formally flawed, and stylistically inferior work. Taking up Roberto Schwarz’s challenge to advance a reading practice that takes into account the difference between literature and social structure in the colonial periphery, I argue that rather than viewing His Native Soil’s improbabilities of plot and tonal dissonances as artistic flaws, they are more meaningfully read as the author’s attempt to adapt the realist protocols of the bildungsroman to capture the double-edged nature of independence: the adoption of a trade policy that would economically bind together the Philippines and the United States and that would render political freedom impossible for Filipinos unless relations of colonial dependency were to be continued after independence.
Tail regeneration and other phenomena of wound healing and tissue restoration in lizards
Authors: Jacyniak Kathy , McDonald Rebecca P. , Vickaryous Matthew K. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTWound healing is a fundamental evolutionary adaptation with two possible outcomes: scar formation or reparative regeneration. Scars participate in re-forming the barrier with the external environment and restoring homeostasis to injured tissues, but are well understood to represent dysfunctional replacements. In contrast, reparative regeneration is a tissue-specific program that near-perfectly replicates that which was lost or damaged. Although regeneration is best known from salamanders (including newts and axolotls) and zebrafish, it is unexpectedly widespread among vertebrates. For example, mice and humans can replace their digit tips, while many lizards can spontaneously regenerate almost their entire tail. Whereas the phenomenon of lizard tail regeneration has long been recognized, many details of this process remain poorly understood. All of this is beginning to change. This Review provides a comparative perspective on mechanisms of wound healing and regeneration, with a focus on lizards as an emerging model. Not only are lizards able to regrow cartilage and the spinal cord following tail loss, some species can also regenerate tissues after full-thickness skin wounds to the body, transections of the optic nerve and even lesions to parts of the brain. Current investigations are advancing our understanding of the biological requirements for successful tissue and organ repair, with obvious implications for biomedical sciences and regenerative medicine.
A survey of working conditions within biomedical research in the United Kingdom
Authors: Riddiford Nick 
Published: August 2017

Background: Recent articles have presented a bleak view of career prospects in biomedical research in the US. Too many PhDs and postdocs are trained for too few research positions, creating a “holding-tank” of experienced senior postdocs who are unable to get a permanent position. Coupled with relatively low salaries and high levels of pressure to publish in top-tier academic journals, this has created a toxic environment that is perhaps responsible for a recently observed decline in biomedical postdocs in the US, the so-called “postdocalypse”. Methods: To address the gulf of information relating to working habits and attitudes of UK-based academic biomedical researchers, a link to an online survey was included in an article published in the Guardian newspaper. Survey data were collected between 21st March 2016 and 6th November 2016 and analysed to examine discrete profiles for three major career stages: PhD, postdoc and principal investigator. Results: Overall, the data presented here echo trends observed in the US: The 520 UK-based biomedical researchers responding to the survey reported feeling disillusioned with academic research, due to the low chance of getting a permanent position and the long hours required at the bench. Also like the US, large numbers of researchers at each distinct career stage are considering leaving biomedical research altogether. Conclusions: There are several systemic flaws in the academic scientific research machine – for example the continual overproduction of PhDs and the lack of stability in the early-mid stages of a research career - that are slowly being addressed in countries such as the US and Germany. These data suggest that similar flaws also exist in the UK, with a large proportion of respondents concerned about their future in research. To avoid lasting damage to the biomedical research agenda in the UK, addressing such concerns should be a major priority.
Sharing individual patient and parasite-level data through the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network platform: A qualitative case study
Authors: Pisani Elizabeth , Botchway Stella 
Published: August 2017

Background: Increasingly, biomedical researchers are encouraged or required by research funders and journals to share their data, but there's very little guidance on how to do that equitably and usefully, especially in resource-constrained settings. We performed an in-depth case study of one data sharing pioneer: the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN). Methods: The case study included a records review, a quantitative analysis of WAARN-related publications, in-depth interviews with 47 people familiar with WWARN, and a witness seminar involving a sub-set of 11 interviewees. Results: WWARN originally aimed to collate clinical, in vitro, pharmacological and molecular data into linked, open-access databases intended to serve as a public resource to guide antimalarial drug treatment policies. Our study describes how WWARN navigated challenging institutional and academic incentive structures, alongside funders' reluctance to invest in capacity building in malaria-endemic countries, which impeded data sharing. The network increased data contributions by focusing on providing free, online tools to improve the quality and efficiency of data collection, and by inviting collaborative authorship on papers addressing policy-relevant questions that could only be answered through pooled analyses. By July 1, 2016, the database included standardised data from 103 molecular studies and 186 clinical trials, representing 135,000 individual patients. Developing the database took longer and cost more than anticipated, and efforts to increase equity for data contributors are on-going. However, analyses of the pooled data have generated new methods and influenced malaria treatment recommendations globally. Despite not achieving the initial goal of real-time surveillance, WWARN has developed strong data governance and curation tools, which are now being adapted relatively quickly for other diseases. Conclusions: To be useful, data sharing requires investment in long-term infrastructure. To be feasible, it requires new incentive structures that favour the generation of reusable knowledge.
Public Exclusions: Garrison State Rhetoric and the Domestic Control of Atomic Energy, 1945–46
Authors: Atkinson Nathan S. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Less than a year after the bombing of Hiroshima, Congress passed the McMahon Bill for the domestic control of atomic energy, otherwise known as the Atomic Energy Act of 1946. In this article, I reconstruct the controversy surrounding the passage of this legislation, and specifically the effort by proponents of the McMahon Bill to focus the controversy on what role, if any, the military should have in decisions related to atomic policy. Throughout the controversy, proponents of the McMahon Bill evoked the threat of the garrison state to stress the dangers of a politically powerful military and presented the public with a choice between a slow-motion coup d’état led by experts in violence and a commission of experts appointed by the president. In so doing, they transformed what began as a controversy over how to control atomic energy in a manner consistent with the best traditions of representative democracy into a controversy over who was best qualified to manage atomic energy on the public’s behalf. This transformation allowed them to herald the passage of the McMahon Bill as a victory for democracy even as they acknowledged it as a historic break from tradition. The controversy over domestic control must be acknowledged as a key moment in the evolution of Cold War rhetoric—a rhetoric in which national security would trump issues of public participation and in which the public’s exclusion from the policy process could be taken for granted.
Lion’s Last Roar, Eagle’s First Flight: Eisenhower and the Suez Crisis of 1956
Authors: Fowler Randall 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The Suez Crisis address, given in response to the exigencies of the Cold War, marked a dramatic shift in presidential rhetoric regarding the Middle East. In this essay I build upon Richard Gregg’s analysis of this speech by demonstrating how President Dwight Eisenhower’s rhetoric broke from previously articulated rationales for American engagement with the region and subtly proposed a new understanding of U.S. responsibility for the region that has yet to be refuted. This speech should be understood as establishing premises in presidential discourse that have been used to mobilize support for American intervention in the Middle East from the Eisenhower Doctrine to the present.
A Battle for Hearts and Minds: Evangelical Capitalism and Pastoral Power in Bruce Barton’s “The Public”
Authors: Musgrave Kevin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article examines the rhetoric of an important, yet understudied, figure in the history of public relations, Bruce Barton. I argue that Barton attempted to mobilize those in the business community to adopt public relations in the creation of a more socially responsible free enterprise through a discourse of evangelical capitalism. Barton’s rhetoric, I argue, positions the corporation as a benevolent shepherd and the public as a submissive and adrift flock in need of salvation. This submissive relationship between public and corporation dovetailed with the technocratic understanding of politics espoused by Walter Lippmann that portrayed the public as a bewildered herd to be guided and mobilized as political leverage by managerial elites, ultimately providing ideological scaffolding for the maintenance and legitimization of corporate power through the appropriation of progressive rhetorics.
Análise da precipitação pluviométrica diária, mensal e interanual da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Ivaí, Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro de Andrade Aparecido , Teixeira Nery Jonas 
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho analisa os dados de precipitação pluvial da Bacia do Ivaí (Estado do Paraná, Brasil), utilizando dados diários, mensais e anuais, no período de 1974 a 2001, obtidos junto à Superintendência de Recursos Hídricos (SUDERHSA), pertencente ao Governo do Estado do Paraná, a bacia hidrográfica do Ivaí localiza-se no Estado do Paraná entre as coordenadas -22° 54' S a -25°33' S e -50°44' W a -52°42' W, possuindo uma área de drenagem de 36 622 km2, percorrendo uma extensão de aproximadamente 680 km. O rio Ivaí recebe este nome a partir da junção do Rio dos Patos com o Rio São João. No decorrer dos seus quase 680 km, existem várias ciudades de porte, como Maringá e Apucarana, que se encontram no divisor de bacias, assim como Campo Mourão, que é a maior cidade situada integralmente na referida bacia. Foram traçadas isolinhas de dias de precipitação pluviométrica para cada ano, dentro do período estudado, elecionando alguns anos mais significativos (1982, 1983 e 1985). Deve-se observar que o ano de 1983 (ano considerado de El Niño significativo) apresentou isolinhas de dias de chuva, consideravelmente maiores que os demais anos, em toda a bacia. O año de 1985 (año de La Niña), apresentou isolinhas de menos dias de chuva, dentro do período considerado. Deve-se ressaltar que a precipitação pluviométrica desta bacia está influenciada pela variabilidade interanual (El Niño ou La Niña). Estas variabilidades explicam grande parte da precipitação desta bacia.
Aborto y capitalismo: un análisis de las políticas de control poblacional y de desarrollo económico en América Latina desde la mirada de la Teoría de la Reproducción Social
Authors: Luparello Velia Sabrina 
Published: August 2017

A finales del siglo XVIII se reforzó la intervención directa del Estado en un conjunto de procesos biológico-sociales, como la proporción de los nacimientos y las defunciones, la tasa de reproducción, la fecundidad de una población, etc. Estos procesos se constituyeron, en la práctica, en el objeto de la medición estadística demográfica. Fueron, también, el esbozo de una política de esquemas de intervención en los fenómenos globales de la reproducción y la sexualidad. Aceptando que las regulaciones sobre la sexualidad y la reproducción existieron, adoptando diferentes maneras según el contexto, más nunca fueron explícitas (es decir, adoptaron y adoptan el nombre de “políticas demográficas” o “natalistas”), cabe preguntarse a qué motivos responde tal situación. De esta manera, este trabajo pretende analizar desde el abordaje teórico de la Teoría de la Reproducción Social, a la práctica del aborto como un elemento fundamental dentro del sistema de reproducción y producción de la mano de obra asalariada y comprender cuál es su relación con las políticas demográficas y de desarrollo económico en el contexto latinoamericano iniciado a partir de la segunda posguerra.
Estimación de la tasa de infestación de la broca en un cafetal, utilizando un modelo tipo SIR
Authors: Mesa Mónica J. , Molina Oscar E. , Pulgarín Alejandra M. 
Published: August 2017

La broca del café Hypothenemus hampei, es una de las plagas con mayor incidencia y afectación en los cafetales. Colombia, por ser una región que favorece al crecimiento e infestación de esta plaga debido a factores como el clima, ubicación geográfica, producción continua de café, y dado que la caficultura es una de las actividades agrícolas más importantes en el país, es importante realizar estudios referentes a la dinámica de la broca.
Por tal razón, en este artículo se adaptó el comportamiento de la broca del café, con un modelo epidemiológico tipo SIR propuesto por Kermack y Mckendrick. Además usando la relación de tamaño final (propuesta por Castillo Chavez) se estimó el coeficiente que representa la infestación de la plaga en términos de otros parámetros involucrados en la dinámica. Por último, se realizaron diferentes simulaciones numéricas en ambiente Matlab variando los valores de los parámetros del sistema dinámico.
Cross sectional study to assess immunization knowledge and practice among families of children between 0 -5 years in rural areas of Punjab, India
Authors: Khurana Mandeep Singh , Malik Supriya , Arora Sunita 
Published: August 2017

Background: Immunization is the single most cost effective and efficient intervention to reduce the burden of childhood mortality and morbidity worldwide. Vaccines under universal immunization programme (UIP) are provided free of cost but still the current coverage of fully immunized children is quite low. Main reason identified for poor coverage included illiteracy, lack of knowledge and poverty.Methods: It is a cross sectional study carried out in rural area of Punjab from March 2014-March 2015. Total 500 families with 500 children between age 0-5 years were selected randomly. Study involved one to one, interview according to a pretested structured questionnaire prepared in a vernacular language Punjabi and English too.Results: Total 500 children were included in the study out of which 230 (46%) were female and 270 (54%) were male. Maximum coverage to BCG vaccination (77.2%) and minimum for measles vaccine (56.2%) was observed. 55% of children were completely immunized, 28.8% were partially immunized and 16.2% were not immunized. Most common reason given by families for non\partial immunization was lack of knowledge, family issues and sickness of child.Conclusions: It is concluded from present study that the main reason for partial\non-immunization was lack of knowledge of families about vaccination. Considering incomplete knowledge and inappropriate practices the policy makers and medical profession require to put in much more efforts to sensitise families about importance regarding immunization in preventing diseases and their consequent morbidity and mortality.
Development and Validation of a Robust and Efficient HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Levodopa, Carbidopa, Benserazide and Entacapone in Complex Matrices
Authors: Wollmer Erik , Klein Sandra 
Published: August 2017

Purpose: A variety of fixed-dose combination products is used in the therapy of Parkinson Disease. However, to date a proper analytical method applicable for comparative screening of different antiparkinson products was not available. The objective of the present work was thus to develop and validate an analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of levodopa, carbidopa, benserazide and entacapone. The method should be applicable for quantifying samples from drug release experiments with marketed products and prototype formulations performed under compendial and biorelevant test conditions. Methods: A fast and robust method applicable for separation and quantification of the four compounds was developed and validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Method validation covered applicability to a wide concentration range of all compounds and peak separation in complex sample matrices such as biorelevant dissolution media. Results: The compounds were successfully separated by using a gradient elution method on an endcapped LiChrospher 100 RP-18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column coupled with a LiChrospher 100 RP-18 precolumn (4 x 4 mm, 5 µm) at a column temperature of 35.0 °C and a flow rate of 1.50 mL/min. The injection volume was 30 µL and the detection wavelengths were 280 and 210 nm, respectively. For all drug/media combinations the method was linear (r2 > 0.999) for a concentration range corresponding to 1.25 - 125 % label claim (i.e. 200 mg levodopa/entacapone and 50 mg carbidopa/benserazide) released. All other validation parameters were in the specified limits over the same concentration range. Conclusion: The new method allows for robust and fast separation of levodopa, carbidopa, benserazide and entacapone without any interference caused by excipients or ingredients of compendial and biorelevant dissolution media and thus presents a valuable tool in both formulation development and in vitro drug release screening of numerous fixed-dose combinations of antiparkinson drugs. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Rehabilitation Methods after Surgical Treatment of the Static Foot Deformities
Authors: Ilchenko Denis Vladimirovich , Kardanov Andrey Aslanovich , Karandin Aleksandr Sergeevich , Korolev Andrey Vadimovich 
Published: August 2017

Background
The issue of rehabilitation after surgical treatment of the foot deformities is not sufficiently covered in the contemporary literature. In spite of diversity of certain approaches used in the rehabilitation process, there is no consistency in their application. In addition, there is no consensus on the effectiveness of various techniques, on the quantity and quality of the procedures and the timing of their introduction in the rehabilitation process.
The objective of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of the techniques used in the rehabilitation of patients after surgical treatment of the foot deformities.
Methods
The article describes methods that are, in our opinion, the most effective and well-established in the post-operative recovery of patients. The principles of complex usage of conservative treatment methods, including lymph drainage massage, manual therapy and therapeutic physical training, are covered.
Results
The introduction of the protocols we have developed in the rehabilitation of patients after surgical treatment of the foot deformities helped to organize the recovery process, to clarify the timing of rehabilitation measures, to improve the final result of treatment.
Conclusions
The use of pathogenetically justified methods of rehabilitation, which include massage, manual therapy and therapeutic physical training, promotes the most rapid and complete recovery of motor functions in patients after surgical treatment of the foot deformities.