bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relationships within Adiaphanida (phylum Platyhelminthes) and the status of the crustacean‐parasitic genus Genostoma
Authors: Laumer Christopher E. , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe existence of the platyhelminth clade Adiaphanida—an assemblage comprising the well‐studied order Tricladida as well as two lesser known taxa, Prolecithophora and the obligate parasitic Fecampiida—is among the more surprising results of flatworm molecular systematics. Each of these three clades is itself largely well‐defined from a morphological point of view, although Adiaphanida at large, despite its strong support in molecular phylogenetic analyses, lacks known morphological synapomorphies. However, one taxon, the genus Genostoma, a parasite of the leptostracan crustacean Nebalia, rests uneasily within its current classification within the fecampiid family Genostomatidae; ultrastructural investigations on this taxon have uncovered a spermatogenesis reminiscent of Kalyptorhynchia, and a dorsal syncytium resembling the neodermatan tegument. Here, we provide molecular sequence data (nearly complete 18S and 28S rRNA) from a representative of Genostoma, with which we test hypotheses on the phylogenetic position of this taxon within Platyhelminthes, expanding upon a recently published phylum‐wide analysis, and applying novel alignment algorithms and substitution models. These analyses unequivocally position Genostoma as the sister group of Prolecithophora. However, even in taxon‐rich analyses, support for the position of the root of Adiaphanida is lacking, highlighting the need for new data types to study the phylogeny of this clade. Interestingly, our analyses also do not recover the monophyly of several taxa previously proposed, notably Continenticola within Tricladida and Protomonotresidae within Prolecithophora. In light of this phylogeny and the distinctive morphology (especially, spermatogenesis) of Genostoma, we advocate for a redefinition of the family Genostomatidae, outside of both Fecampiida and Prolecithophora, to encompass the members of this unique genus of parasites. Within Fecampiida, the family Piscinquilinidae fam. nov. is erected to accommodate the vertebrate‐parasitic Piscinquilinus, formerly Genostomatidae.
Application of natural plant extracts improves the tolerance against combined terminal heat and drought stresses in bread wheat
Authors: Farooq M. , Rizwan M. , Nawaz A. , Rehman A. , Ahmad R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDrought and heat are among the main abiotic stresses causing severe damage to the cereal productivity when occur at reproductive stages. In this study, ten wheat cultivars were screened for combined heat and drought tolerance imposed at booting, heading, anthesis and post‐anthesis stages, and role of the foliage applied plant extracts was evaluated in improving the performance of differentially responding wheat cultivars under terminal heat and drought stresses. During both years, wheat crop was raised under ambient temperature and 70% water holding capacity (WHC) till leaf boot stage. The plant extracts (3% each) of sorghum, brassica, sunflower and moringa were foliage applied at booting, anthesis and post‐anthesis stage; and after one week of application of these plant extracts, combined heat and drought was imposed at each respective stage. Heat and drought stresses were imposed at each respective stage by placing pots in glass canopies with temperature of 4 ± 2°C above than the ambient temperature in combination with drought stress (35%WHC) until maturity. Combination of drought and heat stresses significantly reduced the performance of tested wheat cultivars; however, stress at the booting and heading stages was more damaging than the anthesis and post‐anthesis stages. Cultivars Mairaj‐2008 and Chakwal‐50 remained green with extended duration for grain filling, resulting in the maintenance of number of grains per spike and 100‐grain weight under stress conditions and thus had better grain yield and water‐use efficiency. However, in cultivars Fsd‐2008, and Shafaq‐2006, the combined imposition of drought and heat accelerated the grain filling rate with decrease in grain filling duration, grain weight and grain yield. Foliar application of all the plant extracts improved the wheat performance under terminal heat and drought stress; however, brassica extract was the most effective. This improvement in grain yield, water‐use efficiency and transpiration efficiency due to foliage applied plant extracts, under terminal heat and drought stress, was owing to better stay‐green character and accumulation of more soluble phenolics, which imparted stress tolerance as indicated by relatively stable grain weight and grain number. In crux, growing of stay‐green wheat cultivars with better grain filling and foliage application of plant extracts may help improving the performance of bread wheat under combined heat and drought stresses.
Oxidation kinetics strength of Hi‐NicalonTM‐S SiC fiber after oxidation in dry and wet air
Authors: Hay Randall S. , Chater Richard J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHi‐Nicalon™‐S SiC fiber strengths and Weibull moduli were measured after oxidation for up to 100 hours between 700°C and 1400°C in wet and dry air. SiO2 scale thickness and crystallization extent were measured by TEM. The effect of furnace environment on trace element levels in the SiO2 scales was characterized by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Crystallization kinetics and Deal‐Grove oxidation kinetics for glass and crystalline scale, and the transition between them, were modeled and determined. Crystallization retards oxidation kinetics, and scale that formed in the crystalline state was heavily deformed by the growth stress accompanying SiC oxidation volume expansion. Glass scales formed in dry air slightly increased fiber strength. Glass scales formed in wet air did not increase strength, and in some cases significantly decreased strength. Scales more than 200 nm thick were usually partially or completely crystallized, which degraded fiber strength. Contamination of scales by trace impurities such as Al and Ca during heat treatment inhibited crystallization. The oxidation kinetics and the strengths of oxidized Hi‐Nicalon™‐S fibers are compared with previous studies on SiC fibers, bulk SiC, and single‐crystal SiC. Empirical relationships between oxidation temperature, time, scale thickness, and strength are determined and discussed.
Leveraging communal experiences in the curriculum: Increasing interest in pursuing engineering by changing stereotypic expectations
Authors: Belanger Aimee L. , Diekman Amanda B. , Steinberg Mia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe goal congruity perspective suggests that students may not enter engineering, in part, because they believe engineering is unlikely to fulfill communal, other‐oriented goals. Increasing beliefs that engineering fulfills communal goals can increase engineering interest. We examine how actual and expected communal experiences in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) shape engineering interest. Study 1 demonstrates that past communal STEM experiences predict greater beliefs that engineering fulfills communal goals and positive engineering attitudes. Using experimental methods, studies 2 and 3 demonstrate that including a service‐learning project in an engineering course description increases beliefs that the course fulfills communal goals and course interest. These findings suggest that communal STEM experiences, and service learning in particular, can increase interest and participation in engineering.
Prognostic value of nighttime blood pressure load in Chinese patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease
Authors: Li Yan , Deng Qiongxia , Li Huiqun , Ma Xinxin , Zhang Jun , Peng Hui , Wang Cheng , Lou Tanqi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe prognostic value of nighttime blood pressure (BP) load in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unknown. The prognostic value of nighttime BP load in a cohort of Chinese patients with nondialysis CKD was investigated. The authors monitored ambulatory BP and followed health outcomes in 588 Chinese CKD patients. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression analyses indicated that nighttime BP load was a significant risk factor for all clinical outcomes in CKD patients, even when adjusted for clinic BP. Tertile 3 of systolic BP load (vs tertile 1) was associated with an increased risk of renal events (hazard ratio [HR], 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–4.38) and cardiovascular events (HR, 5.34; 95% CI, 1.58–18.04); tertile 3 of diastolic BP load (vs tertile 1) was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality (HR, 6.73; 95% CI, 1.79–25.20), cardiovascular mortality (HR, 7.18; 95% CI, 1.47–35.03), renal events (HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.17–4.92), and cardiovascular events (HR, 5.87; 95% CI, 1.97–17.52). Higher nighttime BP load, especially nighttime diastolic BP load, was associated with a poorer prognosis in Chinese nondialysis CKD patients.
The economic burden of gluten‐free products and gluten‐free diet: a cost estimation analysis in Greece
Authors: Panagiotou S. , Kontogianni M. D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to a gluten‐free diet (GFD) demonsrates various difficulties, including the high cost of the diet. The present study aimed to (i) compare the cost of gluten‐free products (GFP) from supermarkets and pharmacies with the cost of their conventional counterparts and (ii) estimate the weekly economic burden of a GFD.MethodsThe prices of all food products labelled as ‘gluten‐free’ available at four supermarket chains in Athens, as well as the prices of all similar conventional food products, were recorded. The prices of the pharmacy GFP were recorded from the official list of the National Health Service Organisation. For every product, the price per 100 g was calculated. All products were classified into 24 categories, which consisted of three subcategories: conventional, supermarket GFP and pharmacy GFP. Three weekly menus were designed for children, adolescents and adults, selecting the upper levels of energy intake, to cover the majority of the patients. For all three weekly menus, the price difference between conventional and GFP, both from supermarkets and pharmacies, was calculated.ResultsCompared with conventional food products, all supermarket GFP, except for one, were more expensive by 22–334% (P < 0.05) and all pharmacy GFP were more expensive by 88–476% (P < 0.05). The weekly economic burden of a GFD ranged from €12 to €28 per week, depending on age and GFP place of purchase.ConclusionsThe present study confirms the higher cost of GFP compared to their conventional equivalents in Greece, leading to a weekly economic burden for people on a gluten‐free diet.
Cross‐sectional associations of cortical β‐amyloid with erythrocyte membrane long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in older adults with subjective memory complaints
Authors: Hooper Claudie , De Souto Barreto Philipe , Payoux Pierre , Salabert Anne Sophie , Guyonnet Sophie , Andrieu Sandrine , Vellas Bruno ,   the MAPT/DSA study group
Published: May 2017

AbstractOmega‐3 (n‐3) and 6 (n‐6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with reduced cognitive decline in observational studies. Hence, we examined the cross‐sectional associations between cortical β‐amyloid (Aβ) and erythrocyte membrane PUFAs in 61 non‐demented elderly individuals reporting subjective memory complaints from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial placebo arm. Cortical‐to‐cerebellar standard uptake value ratios were obtained using [18F] florbetapir positron emission tomography. Fatty acids were measured in erythrocyte membranes by gas chromatography. Associations were explored using adjusted multiple linear regression models and were considered significant at p ≤ 0.005 after correction for multiple testing (10 comparisons). We found no significant associations between cortical Aβ and erythrocyte membrane PUFAs. The associations closest to significance after adjustment were those between Aβ and erythrocyte membrane arachidonic acid (without apolipoprotein E status adjustment: B‐coefficient, 0.03; CI, 0.01, 0.05; p = 0.02. Including Apolipoprotein E adjustment: B‐coefficient, 0.03; CI, 0.00, 0.06; p = 0.04) and Aβ and erythrocyte membrane linoleic acid (without apolipoprotein E status adjustment: B‐coefficient, −0.02; CI, −0.04, 0.00; p = 0.02. Including Apolipoprotein E adjustment: B‐coefficient, −0.02; CI, −0.04, 0.00; p = 0.09). Furthermore, the association between Aβ and erythrocyte membrane arachidonic acid seemed to be specific to Apolipoprotein E ε4 non‐carriers (B‐coefficient 0.03, CI: 0.00, 0.06, p = 0.03, n = 36). In contrast, no association was found between Aβ and erythrocyte membrane linoleic acid in Apolipoprotein E ε4 stratified analysis. Investigating the relationships between Aβ and PUFAs longitudinally would provide further evidence as to whether fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid and linoleic acid, might modulate cognition through Aβ‐dependent mechanisms.
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Hyperfibrinolysis and Hypofibrinogenemia Diagnosed With Rotational Thromboelastometry in Dogs Naturally Infected With Angiostrongylus vasorum
Authors: Sigrist N.E. , Hofer‐Inteeworn N. , Jud Schefer R. , Kuemmerle‐Fraune C. , Schnyder M. , Kutter A.P.N. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe pathomechanism of Angiostrongylus vasorum infection‐associated bleeding diathesis in dogs is not fully understood.ObjectiveTo describe rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) parameters in dogs naturally infected with A. vasorum and to compare ROTEM parameters between infected dogs with and without clinical signs of bleeding.AnimalsA total of 21 dogs presented between 2013 and 2016.MethodsDogs with A. vasorum infection and ROTEM evaluation were retrospectively identified. Thrombocyte counts, ROTEM parameters, clinical signs of bleeding, therapy, and survival to discharge were retrospectively retrieved from patient records and compared between dogs with and without clinical signs of bleeding.ResultsEvaluation by ROTEM showed hyperfibrinolysis in 8 of 12 (67%; 95% CI, 40–86%) dogs with and 1 of 9 (11%; 95% CI, 2–44%) dogs without clinical signs of bleeding (P = .016). Hyperfibrinolysis was associated with severe hypofibrinogenemia in 6 of 10 (60%; 95% CI, 31–83%) of the cases. Hyperfibrinolysis decreased or resolved after treatment with 10–80 mg/kg tranexamic acid. Fresh frozen plasma (range, 14–60 mL/kg) normalized follow‐up fibrinogen function ROTEM (FIBTEM) maximal clot firmness in 6 of 8 dogs (75%; 95% CI, 41–93%). Survival to discharge was 67% (14/21 dogs; 95% CI, 46–83%) and was not different between dogs with and without clinical signs of bleeding (P = .379).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceHyperfibrinolysis and hypofibrinogenemia were identified as an important pathomechanism in angiostrongylosis‐associated bleeding in dogs. Hyperfibrinolysis and hypofibrinogenemia were normalized by treatment with tranexamic acid and plasma transfusions, respectively.
Effect of smoking on survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kolly Philippe , Knöpfli Marina , Dufour Jean‐François 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsLifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity and physical activity have gained interest in the field of hepatocellular carcinoma. These factors play a significant role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Several studies revealed the impact of tobacco consumption on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and its synergistic effects with viral etiologies (hepatitis B and C). The effects of smoking on survival in patients with a diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma have not yet been investigated in a Western cohort where hepatitis C infection is a major risk factor.MethodsUsing data from a prospective cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were followed at the University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland, survival was compared by Kaplan–Meier analysis in smokers and nonsmokers, and multivariate Cox regression was applied to control for confounding variables.ResultsOf 238 eligible hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 64 were smokers at the time of inclusion and 174 were nonsmokers. Smokers had a significant worse overall survival than nonsmokers (hazard ratio 1.77, 95% confidence interval: 1.22‐2.58, P=.003). Analysis of patients according to their underlying liver disease, revealed that smoking, and not nonsmoking, affected survival of hepatitis B virus and C virus‐infected patients only. In this subgroup, smoking was an independent predictor for survival (hazard ratio 2.99, 95% confidence interval: 1.7‐5.23, P<.001) and remained independently predictive when adjusted for confounding variables.ConclusionsThis study shows that smoking is an independent predictor of survival in hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus‐infected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Crystal structure refinement of chromites from two achondrites, their T‐f(O2) conditions, and implications
Authors: Lenaz Davide , Schmitz Birger 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSix Cr‐spinel grains from NWA 6077 brachinite‐like and NWA 725 winonaite achondrites have been studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and structural refinement. From a chemical point of view, spinels from NWA 6077 show Cr/(Cr + Al) (i.e., Cr#) and Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) (i.e., Mg#) values similar to other brachinites, while the Cr# of NWA 725 is lower than that of literature winonaites. Spinels from NWA 6077 and NWA 725 meteorites show similar cell edges, while the oxygen positional parameter is rather different being about 0.2629 for NWA 6077 and 0.2622 for NWA 725. Considering both parameters, NWA 725 shows structural features that are close to some terrestrial spinel occurrences as in komatiites, kimberlites, or included in diamonds; those from NWA 6077 show values that have no terrestrial analogs. Olivine‐chromite closure temperature ranges from ~737 to ~765° C for NWA 725, being similar to that of literature winonaites and ~846 to ~884° C for NWA 6077. The logfO2 ranges from −19.8 to −20.5 and −17.0 to −17.9 for the two meteorites, respectively. The u values for terrestrial samples can give information about the cooling history of the samples. For the extraterrestrial samples, it seems that it can give information about the cooling only for spinels where it is lower than 0.2625. For higher values, it appears related only to the chemistry of the spinels.
Fsr1, a striatin homologue, forms an endomembrane‐associated complex that regulates virulence in the maize pathogen Fusarium verticillioides
Authors: Zhang Huan , Mukherjee Mala , Kim Jung‐Eun , Yu Wenying , Shim Won‐Bo 
Published: May 2017

SummaryFsr1, a homologue of mammalian striatin, containing multiple protein‐binding domains and a coiled‐coil (CC) domain, is critical for Fusarium verticillioides virulence. In mammals, striatin interacts with multiple proteins to form a STRIPAK (striatin‐interacting phosphatase and kinase) complex that regulates a variety of developmental processes and cellular mechanisms. In this study, we identified the homologue of a key mammalian STRIPAK component STRIP1/2 (striatin‐interacting proteins 1 and 2) in F. verticillioides, FvStp1, which interacts with Fsr1 in vivo. Gene deletion analysis indicates that FvStp1 is critical for F. verticillioides stalk rot virulence. In addition, we identified three proteins, designated FvCyp1, FvScp1 and FvSel1, which interact with the Fsr1 CC domain via a yeast two‐hybrid screen. Importantly, FvCyp1, FvScp1 and FvSel1 co‐localize to endomembrane structures, each having a preferred localization in the cell, and they are all required for F. verticillioides stalk rot virulence. Moreover, these proteins are necessary for the correct localization of Fsr1 to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nuclear envelope. Thus, we identified several novel components in the STRIPAK complex that regulates F. verticillioides virulence, and propose that the correct organization and localization of Fsr1 are critical for STRIPAK complex function.
Professional nutrition journals from Arabic‐speaking countries: A regional status
Authors: Aboul‐Enein B. H. , Bernstein J. , Kruk J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Arabic‐speaking region is affected by a public health nutrition crisis characterised by both under‐ and overnutrition. Previous studies have described the full spectrum of medical, biomedical and public health journals within the Arabic‐speaking region. The aim of this brief communication is to highlight the current status of professional nutrition journals in the Arabic‐speaking region and demonstrate a gap between need and availability. An electronic search examined five databases to identify nutrition journals published in the Arabic‐speaking region. Journal sites were evaluated for primary scope, publication history, current status, available formats and language. The search revealed 12 nutrition journals associated with Arabic‐speaking countries. Two journals have a current publication history of 20 or more consecutive years. The majority were discontinued or interrupted at the time data were collected; five have done so within the last 10 years. The high prevalence of under‐ and overnutrition in Arabic‐speaking countries is not reflected by the nutrition journals currently available, which are required to communicate relevant research to health professional and policymakers working in the area of public health nutrition.
Tackling the increasing problem of malnutrition in older persons: The Malnutrition in the Elderly (MaNuEL) Knowledge Hub
Authors: Visser M. , Volkert D. , Corish C. , Geisler C. , de Groot L. C. , Cruz‐Jentoft A. J. , Lohrmann C. , O'Connor E. M. , Schindler K. , de van der Schueren M. A. ,   on behalf of the MaNuEL consortium
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn order to tackle the increasing problem of malnutrition (i.e. protein‐energy malnutrition) in the older population, the Joint Action Malnutrition in the Elderly (MaNuEL) Knowledge Hub has been recently launched as part of the Strategic Research Agenda of the Joint Programming Initiative (JPI) A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life (HDHL). This paper introduces this new European initiative and describes its objectives and design. The MaNuEL consortium consists of 22 research groups from seven countries (Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, Spain, The Netherlands and New Zealand). The Consortium aims to extend scientific knowledge; strengthen evidence‐based practice in the management of malnutrition in older persons; build a sustainable, transnational, competent network of malnutrition experts; and harmonise research and clinical practice. MaNuEL is built on five interconnected work packages that focus on (i) defining treatable malnutrition; (ii) screening of malnutrition in different settings; (iii) determinants of malnutrition; (iv) prevention and treatment of malnutrition; and (v) policies and education regarding malnutrition screening and treatment in older persons across Europe. Systematic literature reviews will be performed to assess current research on malnutrition and identify potential knowledge gaps. Secondary data analyses of nutritional intervention trials and observational studies will also be conducted. Using Web‐based questionnaires, MaNuEL will provide insight into current clinical practice, policies and health professionals’ education on malnutrition and will make recommendations for improvement. MaNuEL is being advised by a stakeholder board of five experts in geriatric nutrition who represent relevant European professional societies.