bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of psychosis in refugees: a literature review
Authors: Dapunt J , Kluge U , Heinz A 
Published: June 2017

AbstractConflicts and precarious living conditions resulted in the arrival of large numbers of refugees in Europe and especially in Germany. Evidence suggests that immigrant populations are at elevated risk of psychotic disorders. Considering the traumatic pre- and post-migratory adversities refugees may have encountered, people granted refugee status may even be more susceptible to psychosis than non-refugee migrants. The aim of this literature review is to summarise and interpret recent research on the incidence or prevalence of psychotic disorders in refugees, additionally focusing on the aspects of gender and Middle Eastern provenance. A systematic search in PubMed was performed in the time from 20 to 28 May 2016. Relevant literature was limited to articles describing cohort studies conducted in Western industrialised countries. Articles published between 1 June 2006 and 28 May 2016 were analysed. Content relating to psychotic disorders in refugees was reviewed and summarised. The selected studies showed an increased risk of psychotic disorders in refugees compared with both the indigenous population and non-refugee. migrants. The elevated risk was more pronounced in refugee men. A particularly high risk in refugees of Middle Eastern origin could not be inferred. The higher susceptibility to psychotic disorders in refugees emphasises the need for the development and implementation of adequate prevention strategies. Clinicians and people working in a refugee setting should be aware of early signs and symptoms of psychosis. Further research is required to evaluate post-migratory experiences and investigate the population of refugees affected by the current humanitarian crisis.
A Comparison of Coverbal Gesture Use in Oral Discourse Among Speakers With Fluent and Nonfluent Aphasia
Authors: Kong Anthony Pak-Hin , Law Sam-Po , Chak Gigi Wan-Chi 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Coverbal gesture use, which is affected by the presence and degree of aphasia, can be culturally specific. The purpose of this study was to compare gesture use among Cantonese-speaking individuals: 23 neurologically healthy speakers, 23 speakers with fluent aphasia, and 21 speakers with nonfluent aphasia.

Method
Multimedia data of discourse samples from these speakers were extracted from the Cantonese AphasiaBank. Gestures were independently annotated on their forms and functions to determine how gesturing rate and distribution of gestures differed across speaker groups. A multiple regression was conducted to determine the most predictive variable(s) for gesture-to-word ratio.

Results
Although speakers with nonfluent aphasia gestured most frequently, the rate of gesture use in counterparts with fluent aphasia did not differ significantly from controls. Different patterns of gesture functions in the 3 speaker groups revealed that gesture plays a minor role in lexical retrieval whereas its role in enhancing communication dominates among the speakers with aphasia. The percentages of complete sentences and dysfluency strongly predicted the gesturing rate in aphasia.

Conclusions
The current results supported the sketch model of language–gesture association. The relationship between gesture production and linguistic abilities and clinical implications for gesture-based language intervention for speakers with aphasia are also discussed.
Matrix phase detector for high bandwidth and low jitter frequency synthesis
Authors: Tajalli A. 
Published: June 2017

A phase‐locked loop (PLL) architecture based on a 2D phase comparator matrix is introduced. In its general form, multiple phases of the input reference clock are compared with multiple phases of the feedback clock, allowing for wider bandwidth (BW) and lower phase noise generation of the PLL. Based on matrix phase detector architecture, a 6.25 GHz PLL achieving 5 GHz BW and exhibiting 55 fs‐rms jitter is designed in 28 nm CMOS bulk technology.
Bi‐level modelling of false data injection attacks on security constrained optimal power flow
Authors: Khanna Kush , Panigrahi Bijaya Ketan , Joshi Anupam 
Published: June 2017

Conventional power system was originally designed to provide efficient and reliable power. With the integration of information technology and advanced metering infrastructure, the power grid has become smart. The smart meters have allowed the system operators to continuously monitor the power system in real time and take necessary action to avoid system failures. Malicious actor, with access to the smart meters can modify sensor measurements to disrupt the operation of power system. To make the power system resilient to such cyber‐attacks, it is important to study all possible outcomes of cyber‐intrusions. In this paper, we present an attack on security constrained optimum power flow. We show with the help of case studies how an attacker, by injecting false data in load measurement sensors, can force system operator to change the dispatch and hence make the power system N –1 in‐compliant. The attack is modeled as a bi‐level optimization problem, aiming to find the minimum set of sensors required to launch the attack. From the system operator's perspective, critical lines and critical generators vulnerable to false data injection (FDI) attack are identified. IEEE 14 bus and 30 bus test systems are used to test the vulnerability of the power system against FDI attacks.
Extreme secular excitation of eccentricity inside mean motion resonance
Authors: Pichierri Gabriele , Morbidelli Alessandro , Lai Dong 
Published: June 2017

Context. It is well known that asteroids and comets fall into the Sun. Metal pollution of white dwarfs and transient spectroscopic signatures of young stars like β-Pic provide growing evidence that extra solar planetesimals can attain extreme orbital eccentricities and fall into their parent stars.
Aims. We aim to develop a general, implementable, semi-analytical theory of secular eccentricity excitation of small bodies (planetesimals) in mean motion resonances with an eccentric planet valid for arbitrary values of the eccentricities and including the short-range force due to General Relativity.
Methods. Our semi-analytic model for the restricted planar three-body problem does not make use of series expansion and therefore is valid for any eccentricity value and semi-major axis ratio. The model is based on the application of the adiabatic principle, which is valid when the precession period of the longitude of pericentre of the planetesimal is much longer than the libration period in the mean motion resonance. In resonances of order larger than 1 this is true except for vanishingly small eccentricities. We provide prospective users with a Mathematica notebook with implementation of the model allowing direct use.
Results. We confirm that the 4:1 mean motion resonance with a moderately eccentric (e′ ≲ 0.1) planet is the most powerful one to lift the eccentricity of planetesimals from nearly circular orbits to star-grazing ones. However, if the planet is too eccentric, we find that this resonance is unable to pump the planetesimal’s eccentricity to a very high value. The inclusion of the General Relativity effect imposes a condition on the mass of the planet to drive the planetesimals into star-grazing orbits. For a planetesimal at ~ 1 AU around a solar mass star (or white dwarf), we find a threshold planetary mass of about 17 Earth masses. We finally derive an analytical formula for this critical mass.
Conclusions. Planetesimals can easily fall into the central star even in the presence of a single moderately eccentric planet, but only from the vicinity of the 4:1 mean motion resonance. For sufficiently high planetary masses the General Relativity effect does not prevent the achievement of star-grazing orbits.
Einzelfallstudie über die Effekte von Spiegeltherapie auf die motorische Funktionsfähigkeit bei einem Kind mit Hemiparese
Authors: Jung M. , Wachter S. , Tomczak M. 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Spiegeltherapie stellt bei der Behandlung von Hemiparesen nach Schlaganfall bei Erwachsenen eine effektive Therapieform zur Verbesserung motorischer Funktionen dar. Aufgrund der vorliegenden Evidenz bei Erwachsenen und den Wirkmechanismen dieser Therapieform kann vermutet werden, dass sie auch bei der Behandlung eines Kindes mit Hemiparese positive Effekte hervorrufen kann.
Ziel: Die Studie diente der Evaluation möglicher Effekte von Spiegeltherapie auf die motorische Funktionsfähigkeit des betroffenen Arms bei einem Kind mit Hemiparese. Zusätzlich wurde auch die praktische Umsetzung betrachtet.
Methode: Die Probandin (weiblich, 7 Jahre) der kontrollierten Einzelfallstudie im A-B-Design führte die Spiegeltherapie über einen Zeitraum von 4 Wochen lang 3-mal täglich für 10 Minuten aus. Es wurden sowohl uni- als auch bilaterale Bewegungen integriert. Die primäre Fragestellung betraf das Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA). Zur Verlaufskontrolle erfolgte 2-mal wöchentlich der Box-and-Block-Test. Daneben kamen Skalen zur Erfassung der Motivations- und Konzentrationsfähigkeit während der Spiegeltherapie zum Einsatz.
Ergebnisse: Die Probandin zeigte bei allen eingesetzten Assessments positive Veränderungen. Der Posttest des AHA wies eine deutliche Verbesserung auf.
Schlussfolgerung: Es besteht Grund zur Annahme, dass Spiegeltherapie bei Kindern mit Hemiparese eine effektive Behandlungsmaßnahme darstellt. Für evidenzbasierte Aussagen bedarf es weiterer und umfangreicherer Studien.
Management of Rectal Polyps
Authors: Cowan Michelle , Silviera Matthew 
Published: June 2017

AbstractColorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer and cancer morbidity in the United States. In comparison to colon polyps, rectal polyps pose a unique challenge. Advances in endoscopic techniques have allowed for more thorough rectal adenoma detection and removal; however, there remains a concern over piecemeal resection and negative resection margins. Advances in transanal excision techniques, such as transanal endoscopic microsurgery, have been proposed for the removal of benign polyps as well as some early stage rectal cancers, with emphasis on proper patient selection. This review will discuss the current endoscopic and surgical considerations of both benign and malignant rectal polyps.
Stereoselective SN1-Type Reaction of Enols and Enolates
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Mengozzi Luca , Cozzi Pier 
Published: June 2017

Stereoselective alkylation of enolates represents a valuable and important procedure for accessing carbon–carbon-bond frameworks in natural and nonnatural product synthesis. Usually, activated electrophilic partners that react through an SN2 mechanism are employed. To overcome the limitations due to reduced reactivity and steric hindrance, SN1-type reactions can be considered a valid and practical alternative. Accessible enolates can be used in stereoselective (diastereo- or enantioselective) reactions with electrophilic carbenium ions, either used as stable reagents or generated in situ from suitable precursors. The results achieved in this active field are summarized in this review.1	Introduction2	Alcohols in SN1-Type Reactions with Enolates2.1	Enantioselective Reactions with Metal Complexes2.2	Organocatalytic Enantioselective Reactions3	Alcohols and Alcohol Derivatives in SN1-Type Reactions with Enolates­: Enantioselective Reactions with Metal Enolates4	Isolated Carbenium Ions in SN1-Type Reactions with Enolates: Enantioselective­ Reactions with Metal Enolates5	Miscellaneous6	Conclusion
Hematocrit and Stroke: A Forgotten and Neglected Link?
Authors: Stavropoulos Konstantinos , Imprialos Konstantinos , Boutari Chrysoula , Doumas Michael , Bouloukou Sofia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStroke is considered among the most common causes of mortality and disability, leading to dramatic socioeconomic consequences. From a pathophysiologic perspective, enhanced blood viscosity due to increased hematocrit might be associated with stroke through impaired cerebral blood perfusion. This association has remained rather neglected during previous decades, but newly emerged as an epicenter of scientific interest due to the unexpected elevation of stroke rates with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, a new class of hypoglycemic drugs with otherwise dramatic cardiovascular benefits. The purpose of this article is to review available data on the relation between stroke and hematocrit values. Data from large observational studies point toward an increased risk for stroke in individuals with elevated hematocrit. Data also suggest that the coexistence of increased hematocrit values and hypertension significantly enhance the risk of cerebrovascular events compared with each condition alone. Additionally, high hematocrit values seem related to worse survival outcomes in post-stroke patients. Collectively, the association between hematocrit and stroke seems to be strong and independent in high hematocrit values (>0.50) in both previously healthy individuals and post-stroke patients, but remains less clarified in patients with normal hematocrit values.
Cardiac Surgery in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Retrospective Analysis of a High-Risk Cohort
Authors: Schroeter Thomas , Wehbe Mahmoud , Mende Meinhard , Sauer Matthias , Aydin Muhammed , Bakhtiary Farhad , Mohr Friedrich , Vondran Maximilian 
Published: June 2017

Background Little is known about the perioperative course of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) undergoing cardiac surgery. The objective of this study was to identify the influence of PD on the perioperative course and to improve treatment.
Methods Perioperative data were analyzed retrospectively from 130 patients undergoing cardiac surgery between September 2001 and April 2013 who had PD and were compared using 1:1 matched-pair analysis with 130 controls not affected by PD.
Results The 30-day all-cause mortality (4.6 vs. 9.2%; p = 0.21; odds ratio [OR] = 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16, 1.31) and the overall all-cause mortality (27.7 vs. 28.5%; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.96 [0.56, 1.66]; p = 1.00) were not significantly different between PD patients and the control group. Emergency surgery (p = 0.04; OR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.06, 9.66) and postoperative pneumonia (p < 0.001; OR = 11.3; 95% CI: 3.06, 41.6) were associated with 30-day mortality. Independent predictors of all-cause mortality were age at surgery (p = 0.01; OR = 3.58; 95% CI: 1.38, 9.30), NYHA (New York Heart Association) classification stage IV (p = 0.02; OR = 17.3; 95% CI: 1.52, 198), and postoperative pneumonia (p = 0.05; OR = 46.4; 95% CI: 0.97, 2219). We did not observe an association of PD with short- or long-term all-cause mortality after adjustment for associated covariates.
Conclusions We found that PD is not a significant risk factor for perioperative morbidity and mortality in our cohort. Our study showed that patients with PD had outcomes that were similar to those of non-PD patients.
Molekulare Entzündungsdiagnostik im 21. Jahrhundert – der Weg zu mehr Spezifität und individualisierter Medizin?
Authors: Bouter Caroline 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnostik entzündlicher Erkrankungen stellt nach wie vor eine große klinische Herausforderung dar. Die molekulare Bildgebung erlaubt die Darstellung eines entzündlichen Geschehens in vivo, wobei pathophysiologische Veränderungen in einer frühen Phase des Entzündungsprozesses noch vor dem Auftreten anatomischer Veränderungen detektierbar sind. Es stehen verschiedene nuklearmedizinische Tracer zur Entzündungsdiagnostik mittels Gammakamera und PET/CT mit unterschiedlicher Spezifität zur Darstellung einer Entzündung zur Verfügung. Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich schwerpunktmäßig mit den Entwicklungen der nuklearmedizinischen Entzündungsdiagnostik in den letzten 16 Jahren. Auf dem Weg zu mehr Spezifität und Individualität in der Bildgebung akuter und chronischer Entzündungen werden erste Ergebnisse über die klinische Anwendung neue Tracer, mit ihren jeweiligen Vorzügen und Limitationen, vorgestellt.
Tetra-cis/trans-Coumaroyl Polyamines as NK1 Receptor Antagonists from Matricaria chamomilla
Authors: Park Sait , Song Kwangho , Kim Yeong 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Cis-trans isomers of N
1,N
5,N
9,N
14-tetra-p-coumaroyl thermospermines and N
1,N
5,N
10,N
14-tetra-p-coumaroyl spermines were found in Matricaria chamomilla, German chamomile using countercurrent chromatography with methylene chloride-methanol-water (1:1:1, v/v/v). Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic and spectrometric data (1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS). The antagonistic activity against the neurokinin-1 receptor was examined by a calcium assay, measuring the cytosolic fluorescence triggered by substance P binding to the receptor. The compounds 1a/1b, 2a/2b, and 3a/3b potently suppressed the calcium flux compared to the known antagonist L-703,606 oxalate, indicating that the compounds competitively inhibited the binding of substance P. They also suppressed substance P-induced proliferation in MDA-MB-453, the HER2-amplified breast cancer cell line. It is suggested that tetracoumaroyl thermospermines and tetracoumaroyl spermines are promising antagonists, exerting positive effects on substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor-related diseases.
Mio-Pliocene aridity in the south-central Andes associated with Southern Hemisphere cold periods
Authors: Amidon William H. , Fisher G. Burch , Burbank Douglas W. , Ciccioli Patricia L. , Alonso Ricardo N. , Gorin Andrew L. , Silverhart Perri H. , Kylander-Clark Andrew R. C. , Christoffersen Michael S. 
Published: June 2017

SignificanceThis paper identifies two periods of enhanced aridity that are synchronous with faunal turnovers in southern South America. Close temporal coincidence with marine climate proxies suggests a period of latest Miocene aridity was associated with a global glacial period and the expansion of C4 vegetation. We thus argue that continental aridity in the south-central Andes is associated with cold periods at high southern latitudes and propose a model to link global and regional (continental) climate via shifting of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies. This paper also provides an example of how10Be paleo-erosion rates can be used as a climate proxy and demonstrates how10Be and36Cl can be combined to reduce uncertainties associated with this method.
A recruiting protein of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase controls metabolic flux toward chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice
Authors: Zhou Fei , Wang Cheng-Yuan , Gutensohn Michael , Jiang Ling , Zhang Peng , Zhang Dabing , Dudareva Natalia , Lu Shan 
Published: June 2017

Significance
As the largest class of natural products found in all living organisms, terpenoids play essential roles in plant growth, development, respiration, photosynthesis, and environmental interactions. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), a precursor for several terpenoid metabolic branches including chlorophyll, carotenoid, and gibberellin biosynthesis, is produced by GGPP synthase (GGPPS) in plastids. We discovered that rice GGPPS recruiting protein (GRP), which forms a heterodimer with the only plastidic GGPPS, controls GGPPS dimerization state and enhances its catalytic properties. By interacting with GGPPS, GRP determines its allocation from stroma to thylakoid membranes, where the heterodimer exists in a complex with chlorophyll biosynthetic proteins. GGPPS recruitment to thylakoids by GRP represents a mechanism directing metabolic flux toward a specific product in the terpenoid metabolic network.
Family-transmitted stress in a wild bird
Authors: Noguera José C. , Kim Sin-Yeon , Velando Alberto 
Published: June 2017

SignificanceDifferent environmental stimuli can lead animals to go into an emergency state and experience stress; but can an individual notice the stress experienced by other members of its social group and develop a similar physiological reaction? We demonstrate that such a form of cross-over of stress can actually occur in wild animal populations. Gull chicks that grew up with experimentally stressed siblings showed increased secretion of stress hormones. In the short term the cross-over of stress seemed to be favorable, improving chicks’ antipredator behavior, but in the long term the chicks grew slowly and attained a reduced adult size, showed increased accumulation of cell damage, and developed a poor-quality juvenile plumage. The cross-over of stress can be an important but complex selective force.
Vestibular profile of type 1 versus type 2 chronic diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ibraheem Ola Abdallah , Ramadan Hassaan Mohammad , Mousa Mayada Mohamed 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
The present study aimed to describe and compare the vestibular profile of a random sample of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Study design:
Forty-five adult patients with DM were divided into three groups; group I: type 1 DM (n = 15), group II: type 2 DM treated with oral hypoglycaemic (n = 15), and group III: type 2 DM treated with insulin (n = 15). Diagnosis of vestibular disorders based on detailed history, Dizziness Handicap Inventory, clinical, and laboratory vestibular evaluation using videonystagmography test battery, electrocochleography, and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential test. The study addressed the vestibular test results of the three diabetic groups and compared them. It also clarified the effect of different diabetic characteristics (clinical and laboratory) on the outcome of vestibular testing.

Results:
Vestibular disorders prevalence of 64.4% was estimated in diabetic patients with a higher prevalence was found in diabetic group III (86.7%) followed by group I (66.7%) then group II (40%). Vestibular function was significantly impaired in the insulin controlled DM compared to the orally controlled, and in the dizziness complainers compared to the non-complainers.

Conclusions:
A relatively high prevalence of vestibular dysfunctions were detected in DM. Diabetic patients treated with insulin, mainly those with type 2 DM, exhibited more involvement of the vestibular system owing to the long standing hyperglycemia with subsequent degenerative insults, microvascular lesions, and electrolyte imbalance. These changes could happen longtime prior to the onset of vestibular manifestations. Thus, early and routine vestibular assessment in diabetic patients is recommended even in absence of dizziness.
Agricultural Cost Sharing and Water Quality in the Chesapeake Bay: Estimating Indirect Effects of Environmental Payments
Authors: Fleming Patrick 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article analyzes the effect of agricultural cost sharing for cover crops on the acres of three conservation practices. A survey of farmers from Maryland is used to estimate the direct effect of cover crop cost sharing on the acres of cover crops, and the indirect effect of cover crop cost sharing on the acres of two other practices: conservation tillage and contour/strip cropping. A two‐stage simultaneous equation approach is used to correct for voluntary self‐selection into cost‐sharing programs, and to account for substitution effects among conservation practices. Using model parameters from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay Program, the estimated effects of cost sharing are then translated to pollution reduction in order to quantify water quality benefits. The results indicate that the large cover crop cost sharing effort in Maryland had considerable effects on cover crop acreage, substantially reducing nitrogen and phosphorus runoff. Moreover, after accounting for the indirect effects on conservation tillage, the cost per pound of phosphorus abatement in the Chesapeake Bay decreased by between 60–67%.