bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test Antimicrobial of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Ethanol Extract againts Porphyromonasgingivalis and Streptococcus sanguis using Agar Method (In Vitro study)
Authors: Indriani Lenni , Dharmautama Mochamad 
Published: September 2016

<p>The use of natural materials in the world of health tends to increase every single year, including in dentistry. Due to the increased of resistance to antibiotics, the development and new innovations to obtain a new antimicrobial agent. Some potential sources of plants have been studied. One of the natural plants is used as drinks, food, medicine and antimicrobial agent is <em>Hibiscus sabdariffa </em><em>Linn</em> commonly known as Roselle. Several major Gram-negative bacteria are related to periodontal disease such as <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em><em> </em>(<em>P.gingivalis</em>), The dominant species of Gram-positive including <em>Streptococcus sanguis</em><em> </em>(<em>S.sanguis</em>). The purpose of this <em>in vitro</em> study is to evaluate the Roselle ethanol extract against <em>P.gingivalis </em>bacteria (Gram negative bacteria) and <em>S. sanguis</em> (Gram positive bacteria) with a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. The <em>in vitro </em>study of antibacterial effectiveness of Roselle (<em>H</em><em>ibiscus sabdariffa </em>L.) ethanol extract on <em>P.gingivalis</em> and <em>S. sanguis</em>. Natrium Agar (NA) solution was poured into a glass plate which had previously been sterilized and then left in place until the medium solidified. <em>P.gingivalis</em> and <em>S.sanguis</em> bacterial cultures were inoculated with inscribed which had solidified. Then put paper disk which had previously been saturated with Roselle extract samples with a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%, and the negative control at the surface of the medium (Ampicillin) and incubated for 1 day. Clear zone is formed then observed and measured. There are 24 samples, consisting of 12 samples <em>P.gingivalis</em> and <em>S.sanguis</em> 12 samples, given intervention roselle flower extract with four types of concentrations to determine the minimum inhibitory consentration (MIC). The observations show that the extensive zone of inhibition concentration of 2.5% a broad zone of inhibition is the smallest among other concentration, both of <em>S.sanguins </em><em>and </em><em>P.gingivalis</em>. Meanwhile, the average increases the broad zones of inhibition of <em>P.gingivalis </em>followed by increasing concentrations of roselle flower extract, making it the largest broad zones of inhibition are shown at a concentration of 10%, However, the bacteria <em>S.sanguins</em>, shows that vast zone of greatest inhibition was found at a concentration of 7.5%. The results of this research showed that the ethanol extract of roselle effectively inhibits <em>P. gingivalis</em> as Gram-positive bacteria atconcentrations of 10% and <em>S. </em><em>s</em><em>anguins</em> at a concentration of 7.5%. Iit can be concluded that the ethanol extract of roselle flowers effective at inhibiting Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.</p><p> </p>
Development and evaluation of a protocol for control of Giardia duodenalis in a colony of group-housed dogs at a veterinary medical college
Authors: Saleh Meriam N. , Gilley Alexandra D. , Byrnes Meghan K. , Zajac Anne M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate a protocol for control of Giardia duodenalis in naturally infected group-housed dogs at a veterinary medical college.
DESIGN Prospective evaluation study.
ANIMALS 34 dogs.
PROCEDURES All dogs were tested for evidence of G duodenalis infection. Dogs were treated with fenbendazole on study days 1 through 10. On day 5, dogs were bathed and moved into clean, disinfected kennels in a different room to allow for disinfection and drying of their assigned kennels at 26.7°C (80°F) for 24 hours on day 6. After treatment, dogs were returned to their original housing; fecal samples were collected weekly from days 8 through 41 and then every 3 weeks until day 209. Samples were fixed in formalin and examined by direct immunofluorescence assay. Additionally, 1 pretreatment sample underwent PCR assay and DNA sequencing to determine the assemblage (genotype) of the organism. Normal handling routines for the dogs and their use in teaching activities were not changed.
RESULTS Initially, all dogs in the colony shed G duodenalis cysts. During and immediately after treatment (days 8 and 13), no cysts were detected in any dogs. On day 20, 1 cyst was observed in the fecal sample from 1 dog; results for all subsequent fecal analyses were negative. The G duodenalis cysts collected from the pretreatment sample had an assemblage C genotype.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The integrated protocol was successful in controlling G duodenalis infection in this dog colony, despite exposure of dogs to a variety of environments and frequent handling by multiple individuals. Sequence analysis identified an assemblage typically found in dogs but not in people, indicating that zoonotic transmission would be unlikely.
Comparison of clinical findings and short-term survival between horses with intestinal entrapment in the gastrosplenic ligament and horses with intestinal entrapment in the epiploic foramen
Authors: Kilcoyne Isabelle , Dechant Julie E. , Nieto Jorge E. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare clinical findings and short-term outcome for horses with intestinal entrapment in the gastrosplenic ligament (GLE) with those of horses with intestinal entrapment in the epiploic foramen (EFE).
DESIGN Retrospective case-control study.
ANIMALS 43 horses with GLE (cases) and 73 horses with EFE (controls).
PROCEDURES Medical records of horses examined because of colic at a veterinary teaching hospital between 1992 and 2012 were reviewed. Signalment was extracted from medical records for all horses with colic (colic population), and additional information regarding colic history, clinical findings, treatments, and outcome was extracted from the records of horses in which GLE or EFE was diagnosed during surgery or necropsy. Signalment was compared between the colic population and the case and control populations. Clinical findings and short-term outcome were compared between the cases and controls.
RESULTS The proportions of middle-aged horses and geldings in both the case and control groups were greater than those in the colic population. Mean heart rate and blood and peritoneal fluid lactate concentrations in horses with EFE were significantly greater than those for horses with GLE. The proportion of horses that underwent surgery and were discharged from the hospital (short-term survival rate) did not differ between the GLE (22/25 [88%]) and EFE (29/34 [85%]) groups.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Compared with the colic population, results suggested middle-aged geldings might be predisposed to GLE and EFE. The short-term survival rate was similar between the GLE and EFE groups even though horses with EFE had more severe systemic derangements than did horses with GLE.
We Need to Implement Current Evidence in Early Rehabilitation Programs to Improve Long-Term Outcome After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Risberg May Arna , Grindem Hege , Øiestad Britt Elin 
Published: September 2016

We like to think that we are successful in the treatment of individuals with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, but recent literature reveals that only about 60% of these individuals make a full recovery, less than 60% return to sport, and more than 50% develop knee osteoarthritis (OA) by middle age. Both short- and long-term outcomes after ACL injury and reconstruction need attention and action. We need to implement strategies early after ACL injury to prevent the development and progression of posttraumatic OA, rather than “sit and wait” until posttraumatic knee OA has developed. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(9):710–713. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0608
Timing of surgical treatment for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: association between treatment delay and reduced short-term benefit
Authors: Vakili Sharif , Moran Dane , Hung Alice , Elder Benjamin D. , Jeon Lee , Fialho Hugo , Sankey Eric W. , Jusué-Torres Ignacio , Goodwin C. Rory , Lu Jennifer , Robison Jamie , Rigamonti Daniele 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE
A growing body of evidence suggests that longer durations of preoperative symptoms may correlate with worse postoperative outcomes following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion for treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The aim of this study is to determine whether the duration of preoperative symptoms alters postoperative outcomes in patients treated for iNPH.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective review of 393 cases of iNPH involving patients treated with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting. The duration of symptoms prior to the operative intervention was recorded. The following outcome variables were assessed at baseline, 6 months postoperatively, and at last follow-up: gait performance, urinary continence, and cognition.

RESULTS
The patients' median age at shunt placement was 74 years. Increased symptom duration was significantly associated with worse gait outcomes (relative risk (RR) 1.055 per year of symptoms, p = 0.037), and an overall absence of improvement in any of the classic triad symptomology (RR 1.053 per year of symptoms, p = 0.033) at 6 months postoperatively. Additionally, there were trends toward significance for symptom duration increasing the risk of having no 6-month postoperative improvement in urinary incontinence (RR 1.049 per year of symptoms, p = 0.069) or cognitive symptoms (RR 1.051 per year of symptoms, p = 0.069). However, no statistically significant differences were noted in these outcomes at last follow-up (median 31 months). Age stratification by decade revealed that prolonging symptom duration was significantly associated with lower Mini-Mental Status Examination scores in patients aged 60–70 years, and lack of cognitive improvement in patients aged 70–80 years.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with iNPH with longer duration of preoperative symptoms may not receive the same short-term benefits of surgical intervention as patients with shorter duration of preoperative symptoms. However, with longer follow-up, the patients generally reached the same end point. Therefore, when managing patients with iNPH, it may take longer to see the benefits of CSF shunting when patients present with a longer duration of preoperative symptoms.
Bulbar dysfunction in normal pressure hydrocephalus: a prospective study
Authors: Chankaew Ekawut , Srirabheebhat Prajak , Manochiopinig Sriwimon , Witthiwej Theerapol , Benjamin Itsara 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is clinically characterized by gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence, as well as enlargement of the ventricles. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there have been no previous publications regarding the correlation between bulbar dysfunction and NPH. The primary objective of this study was to compare preoperative and postoperative prevalence of bulbar dysfunction in patients with NPH. Secondary objectives included assessing the results of surgery for swallowing, speech, gait, cognition, and urination, and evaluating the correlation between bulbar dysfunction and triad symptoms.

METHODS
Fifty-three patients with NPH who underwent shunt placement surgery at Siriraj Hospital were included in the study. Patients were evaluated for gait, cognition, urination, swallowing, and speech before and 6 months after shunt placement. Triad symptoms were assessed using standard methods. Bulbar dysfunctions were assessed using the Swallowing Problem Questionnaire, Thai Articulation Test, Resonation Screening Test (RST), and Thai Nasality Test. The Thai Speech Assessment Program and nasometer were used for objective speech measurement.

RESULTS
Preoperatively, 86% (43/50) of patients had swallowing problems and 75% (37/49) had speech problems, as measured by the RST. Postoperatively, there was significant improvement in swallowing (p < 0.001), speech problems by RST (p = 0.008), and voice volume (p = 0.009), but no significant change in the nasometer test. All triad symptoms were improved. There were significant correlations between swallowing impairment and gait disturbance (r = 0.358, p = 0.009), and RST and cognitive impairment (r = −0.502, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study of bulbar dysfunction in patients with NPH. The results showed that the prevalence of bulbar dysfunction is very high. The correlation between bulbar dysfunction and the classic NPH triad has been documented and published. These bulbar symptoms also significantly improved after surgery. As such, bulbar dysfunction should be regarded as a core symptom that should be considered along with the classic triad in the clinical diagnosis and management of NPH.
Revisiting secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus: does it exist? A review
Authors: Daou Badih , Klinge Petra , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE
There are several etiologies that can lead to the development of secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus (sNPH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome in patients with sNPH and to highlight important differences between the separate etiologies.

METHODS
A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify studies conducted between 1965 and 2015 that included data regarding the etiology, treatment, diagnosis, and outcome in patients with sNPH. Sixty-four studies with a total of 1309 patients were included. The inclusion criteria of this study were articles that were written in English, included more than 2 patients with the diagnosis of sNPH, and contained data regarding the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, or outcome of NPH. The most common assessment of clinical improvement was based on the Stein and Langfitt grading scale or equivalent improvement on other alternative ordinal grading scales.

RESULTS
The main etiologies of sNPH were subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 46.5%, head trauma in 29%, intracranial malignancies in 6.2%, meningoencephalitis in 5%, and cerebrovascular disease in 4.5% of patients. In 71.9% of patients the sNPH was treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, and 24.4% had placement of a ventriculoatrial shunt. Clinical improvement after shunt placement was reported in 74.4% and excellent clinical improvement in 58% of patients with sNPH. The mean follow-up period after shunt placement was 13 months. Improvement was seen in 84.2% of patients with SAH, 83% of patients with head trauma, 86.4% of patients with brain tumors, 75% of patients with meningoencephalitis, and 64.7% of patients with NPH secondary to stroke.

CONCLUSIONS
Secondary NPH encompasses a diverse group of clinical manifestations associated with a subset of patients with acquired hydrocephalus. The most common etiologies of sNPH include SAH and traumatic brain injury. Secondary NPH does indeed exist, and should be differentiated from idiopathic NPH based on outcome and on clinical, pathophysiological, and epidemiological characteristics, but should not be considered as a separate entity.
Investigating Long-run Relationship between Money, Income and Price for Bangladesh: Application of Econometrics and Cross Spectra Methods
Authors: Kamal Khnd. Md. Mostafa 
Published: September 2016

This study examines the long-run causation between the three major macroeconomic variables namely real GDP, money supply and price level in the Bangladesh context. The results obtained by applying time series econometric techniques reveal that unidirectional causation exists between real GDP and prices. The study also suggests that causation runs from money supply to prices but price level does not causes money supply. However, co-integration analysis ascertains long run relationship between these three variables. Moreover, in order to decompose Granger causality between real GDP, money supply and prices in the frequency-domain, Lemmens et al. (2008) method of cross spectra analysis has been used which imply that money supply granger causes real GDP over the short-run, but in the long run, money supply Granger causes prices, not real GDP.Journal of Science Foundation, January 2016;14(1):17-25
“‘Kolossaal’ van poëzie”. Lyrische aspecten van Vlaams proza uit het fin de siècle
Authors: Sintobin Tom 
Published: September 2016

In het discours over de auteurs van de tweede generatie van Van Nu en Straks, allen geboren tussen 1870 en 1880, duiken vaak karakteriseringen op als “ poëtisch”, “ dichterlijk”, of “ lyrisch”. Vaak lijkt het daarbij om een retorische strategie te gaan : de dichterlijke kwaliteit distantieert het werk van het naturalisme. Maar is ze ook aanwijsbaar in de tekst ? In deze bijdrage wordt in het proza van vier van de betrokken auteurs gespeurd naar de prototyische kenmerken van lyriek die Werner Wolf heeft geïdentificeerd. Die blijken in ruime mate aanwezig te zijn : de syntaxis wijkt af doordat ze opsommend is, de woordkeuze door het gebruik van dialect of neologismen, er wordt vaak een beroep gedaan op een spel met klanken, de verhaalde tijd vertraagt. Het is niet eenvoudig om uit te maken waar deze opvallende stijl zijn inspiratie vond. Enerzijds zijn er aanwijzingen dat de verschijning van De Nieuwe Gids bijzonder veel indruk heeft gemaakt op deze auteurs, anderzijds kan er gewezen worden op de impact van een inheemse traditie in de vorm van het werk van de via
Van Nu en Straks weer onder de belangstelling gebrachte Guido Gezelle, die zeker voor Streuvels en Teirlinck van belang is geweest.
Door de mazen van het net geglipt. Lyricisering in postmodern proza
Authors: Vervaeck Bart 
Published: September 2016

Slipped through the net”. Lyricisation in postmodern fiction.
This contribution investigates the role and the evolution of the lyric in the postmodern type of fiction that appeared from 1975 onwards in the Netherlands and (a few years later) in Flanders. Three stages are discerned. The “ emergent” phase (a term borrowed from Raymond Williams) sees three early postmodern novelists, who do not make up a generation : Willem Brakman, Louis Ferron, and, to a lesser extent, Gerrit Krol. With Brakman and Ferron the lyric is to be found primarily in the use of imagery replacing the narrative sequence, in the self-conscious exploration of language, and in the stress on the individual consciousness. Krol’s lyricism, on the other hand, involves semantic condensation and abstraction. Around 1990, postmodernism becomes a “ dominant” literary phenomenon, involving a whole generation of novelists born around 1960. Their lyric fiction draws attention to the poetic aspects of objects (the subject being undermined by postmodern relativism) and melts imagery with philosophical and essayistic digressions. The third, “ residual” phase, starting in the late nineties, is represented by authors of the same generation as the second stage. They underscore two seemingly contradictory lyrical functions : the musical play with words and the encyclopedic transfer of knowledge. In none of the stages does lyric fiction cut the ties with social reality, but in the final stage social criticism becomes most explicit.
‘Et Skriftsprog gjør sig ikke selv’. Metacommentaar op het taalplanningsproces in Vlaanderen en Noorwegen in de 19e eeuw ‘van binnenuit’: Den Ny-Norske Sprog- og Nationalitetsbevœgelse (1877) van Arne Garborg als casestudy
Authors: Belsack Els 
Published: September 2016

‘ Et Skriftsprog gjør sig ikke selv’. Meta-comments on the language planning process in 19th century Flanders and Norway : Arne Garborg’s Den Ny-Norske Sprog-og Nationalitetsbevægelse (1877) as a casestudy

The research presented in this article is part of a larger comparative sociolinguistic project on the history of the language standardization of Norwegian (in Norway) and Southern Dutch (in Flanders) during the long 19th century (1794-1917). I discuss the views of Arne Garborg (1851-1924), one of the foremost Nynorsk-defenders in the language debate. This Norwegian author published a programmatic collection of essays, entitled Den ny-norske sprog-og nationalitetsbevægelse : Et forsøg paa en omfattende redegjørelse, formet som polemiske sendebreve til modstræverne
(1877). In this work he systematically presents his views on language planning processes, both as a general principle and applied to the Norwegian case. Garborg also introduces a comparative European perspective in his discussion. Garborg’s comparison of the Norwegian and Belgian language struggle will be discussed in detail. This article presents a selection and an analysis of the language planningrelated sections in Den ny-norske sprog-og nationalitetsbevægelse, but also tries to discuss these views in the light of present-day insights in the linguistic historiography of Norwegian and Southern Dutch. We finally try to connect Garborg’s views to present-day language planning theories.
EMISSION SIGNATURES FROM SUB-PARSEC BINARY SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES. I. DIAGNOSTIC POWER OF BROAD EMISSION LINES
Authors: Nguyen Khai , Bogdanović Tamara 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Motivated by advances in observational searches for sub-parsec supermassive black hole binaries (SBHBs) made in the past few years, we develop a semi-analytic model to describe spectral emission-line signatures of these systems. The goal of this study is to aid the interpretation of spectroscopic searches for binaries and to help test one of the leading models of binary accretion flows in the literature: SBHB in a circumbinary disk. In this work, we present the methodology and a comparison of the preliminary model with the data. We model SBHB accretion flows as a set of three accretion disks: two mini-disks that are gravitationally bound to the individual black holes and a circumbinary disk. Given a physically motivated parameter space occupied by sub-parsec SBHBs, we calculate a synthetic database of nearly 15 million broad optical emission-line profiles and explore the dependence of the profile shapes on characteristic properties of SBHBs. We find that the modeled profiles show distinct statistical properties as a function of the semimajor axis, mass ratio, eccentricity of the binary, and the degree of alignment of the triple disk system. This suggests that the broad emission-line profiles from SBHB systems can in principle be used to infer the distribution of these parameters and as such merit further investigation. Calculated profiles are more morphologically heterogeneous than the broad emission lines in observed SBHB candidates and we discuss improved treatment of radiative transfer effects, which will allow a direct statistical comparison of the two groups.