bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes Containing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Engage Multiple Anti‐Cancer Molecular Targets
Authors: Fung Sin Ki , Zou Taotao , Cao Bei , Lee Pui‐Yan , Fung Yi Man Eva , Hu Di , Lok Chun‐Nam , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMetal N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes are a promising class of anti‐cancer agents displaying potent in vitro and in vivo activities. Taking a multi‐faceted approach employing two clickable photoaffinity probes, herein we report the identification of multiple molecular targets for anti‐cancer active pincer gold(III) NHC complexes. These complexes display potent and selective cytotoxicity against cultured cancer cells and in vivo anti‐tumor activities in mice bearing xenografts of human cervical and lung cancers. Our experiments revealed the specific engagement of the gold(III) complexes with multiple cellular targets, including HSP60, vimentin, nucleophosmin, and YB‐1, accompanied by expected downstream mechanisms of action. Additionally, PtII and PdII analogues can also bind the cellular proteins targeted by the gold(III) complexes, uncovering a distinct pincer cyclometalated metal–NHC scaffold in the design of anti‐cancer metal medicines with multiple molecular targets.
The Discovery of 2‐Aminobenzimidazoles That Sensitize Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. tuberculosis to β‐Lactam Antibiotics in a Pattern Distinct from β‐Lactamase Inhibitors
Authors: Nguyen T. Vu , Blackledge Meghan S. , Lindsey Erick A. , Minrovic Bradley M. , Ackart David F. , Jeon Albert B. , Obregón‐Henao Andrés , Melander Roberta J. , Basaraba Randall J. , Melander Christian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA library of 2‐aminobenzimidazole derivatives was screened for the ability to suppress β‐lactam resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Several non‐bactericidal compounds were identified that reversed intrinsic resistance to β‐lactam antibiotics in a manner distinct from β‐lactamase inhibitors. Activity also translates to M. tuberculosis, with a lead compound from this study potently suppressing carbenicillin resistance in multiple M. tuberculosis strains (including multidrug‐resistant strains). Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the lead compounds act through a mechanism distinct from that of traditional β‐lactamase inhibitors.
Surface grafting of poly(pentafluorostyrene) on the iron and iron oxide particles via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization
Authors: Sutrisno Joko , Pramudya Irawan , Aerken Xuekelaiti , Fuchs Alan 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA surface grafting technique is reported for synthesis of poly(pentafluorostyrene) via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer onto iron (iron oxide) particles. 4‐Methoxydithiobenzoate is used for the RAFT chain transfer agent. The molecular weight, surface morphology, thickness, thermal properties, and monomer conversion of the grafted polymer are reported. The grafted poly(pentafluorostyrene)–iron particles show a higher thermal transition temperature compared to the nongrafted polymer because it is speculated that the covalent bond between the polymer backbone and the surface of the iron particles restricts the molecular mobility. The monomer conversion increases in proportion to the amount of chain transfer agent (CTA) concentration at early polymerization time. The grafted poly(pentafluorostyrene) shows a “hairy” like polymer architecture with fibril thickness in the range of 80 to 100 nm. A thin coating is expected to maintain the magnetic saturation properties of iron particles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that poly(pentafluorostyrene) has been grafted onto the iron particles utilizing RAFT and 4‐methoxydithiobenzoate as a CTA. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44898.
Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Titanium‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Formic Acid Dehydrogenation
Authors: Wu Yongmei , Wen Meicheng , Navlani‐García Miriam , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPd nanoparticles (NPs) supported on Ti‐doped graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) were synthesized by a deposition–precipitation route and a subsequent reduction with NaBH4. The features of the NPs were studied by XRD, TEM, FTIR, XPS, EXAFS and N2‐physisorption measurements. It was found that the NPs had an average size of 2.9 nm and presented a high dispersion on the surface of Ti‐doped g‐C3N4. Compared to Pd loaded on pristine g‐C3N4, the Pd NPs supported on Ti‐doped g‐C3N4 exhibited a high catalytic activity in formic acid dehydrogenation in water at room temperature. The enhanced activity could be attributed to the small Pd NPs size, as well as the strong interaction between Pd NPs and Ti‐doped g‐C3N4.
Prenatal homozygosity mapping detects a novel mutation in CHST3 in a fetus with skeletal dysplasia and joint dislocations
Authors: Muys Joke , Blaumeiser Bettina , Jacquemyn Yves , Janssens Katrien 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageIn selected cases, homozygosity mapping followed by direct sequencing of one or a few carefully selected candidate genes in a prenatal setting can be beneficial to obtain diagnosis in consanguineous families.
Metal–Organic Framework Mediated Cobalt/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Hybrids as Efficient and Chemoselective Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Olivos‐Suarez Alma I. , Oar‐Arteta Lide , Rozhko Elena , Osadchii Dmitrii , Bavykina Anastasiya , Kapteijn Freek , Gascon Jorge 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA Co@N‐doped carbon (Co@NC) hybrid was synthesized by thermal decomposition of the metal–organic framework (MOF) ZIF‐67 under N2 atmosphere. These hybrid materials exhibit outstanding catalytic activity and chemoselectivity for the conversion of a wide range of substituted nitroarenes to their corresponding anilines under relatively mild reaction conditions. The high catalytic performance is attributed to the formation of cobalt nanoparticles and to the presence of atomically dispersed Co species in close interaction with nitrogen‐doped graphene. Both active species are formed in situ during the pyrolytic transformation of ZIF‐67. The catalysts could be reused in consecutive runs, exhibiting a slightly lower activity ascribed to blockage of the active sites by strongly adsorbed reaction species. These results open up a pathway for the design of noble‐metal‐free solid catalysts for industrial applications.
Decisive Intermediates Responsible for the Carbonaceous Products of CO2 Electro‐reduction on Nitrogen‐Doped sp2 Nanocarbon Catalysts in NaHCO3 Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Xu Junyuan , Zhang Bingsen , Wang Bolun , Wu KuangHsu , Peng Zhangquan , Li Qingfeng , Centi Gabriele , Su Dang Sheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNitrogen‐doped sp2 nanocarbon materials have been considered promising catalysts for CO2 electro‐reduction. However, a fundamental understanding about product selectivity and the reaction routes is still lacking. In this report, the reaction mechanism on nitrogen‐doped sp2 nanocarbon materials is resolved by clarifying the authentic origin of the carbonaceous products: CO and HCO2−. Two carbon‐reduction pathways are identified based on a series of comparative studies by using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and in situ CO adsorption experiments: a dominant pathway leading to CO from CO2 and a secondary pathway leading to HCO2− from HCO3−. Neither hydrocarbon (CxHy) nor alcohol or aldehyde (CxHyOz) were detected in the reduction of CO2. However, CO, which is generally regarded as an intermediate to be transformed into these products on metal catalysts, can undoubtedly be produced and adsorbed on nitrogen‐doped sp2 nanocarbon catalysts during the reaction.
A 2D Metal Oxide Nanosheet as an Efficient Additive for Improving Na‐Ion Electrode Activity of Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Park Boyeon , Oh Seung Mi , Jin Xiaoyan , Adpakpang Kanyaporn , Lee Nam‐Suk , Hwang Seong‐Ju 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Seong‐Ju Hwang at the Ewha Womans University. The image depicts the critical role of exfoliated metal oxide nanosheets as additives in improving the sodium‐ion electrode functionality of metal‐chalcogenide–graphene nanocomposites. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201605192.
Selective Electrochemical Bleaching of the Outer Leaflet of Fluorescently Labeled Giant Liposomes
Authors: Perez Jimenez Ana Isabel , Challier Lylian , Aït‐Yahiatène Eric , Delacotte Jérôme , Labbé Eric , Buriez Olivier 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the project team of Oliver Buriez at the Ecole Normale Supérieure of Paris. The image depicts the electrochemical bleaching of vesicles with retained fluorescence. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201605786.
Uniqueness of Tangent Cones for Two‐Dimensional Almost‐Minimizing Currents
Authors: De Lellis Camillo , Spadaro Emanuele , Spolaor Luca 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe consider two‐dimensional integer rectifiable currents that are almost area minimizing and show that their tangent cones are everywhere unique. Our argument unifies a few uniqueness theorems of the same flavor, which are all obtained by a suitable modification of White's original theorem for area‐minimizing currents in the euclidean space. This note is also the first step in a regularity program for semicalibrated two‐dimensional currents and spherical cross sections of three‐dimensional area‐minimizing cones.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation into Higher Hydrocarbons and Oxygenates: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Bounds and Progress with Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Prieto Gonzalo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUnder specific scenarios, the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 with renewable hydrogen is considered a suitable route for the chemical recycling of this environmentally harmful and chemically refractory molecule into added‐value energy carriers and chemicals. The hydrogenation of CO2 into C1 products, such as methane and methanol, can be achieved with high selectivities towards the corresponding hydrogenation product. More challenging, however, is the selective production of high (C2+) hydrocarbons and oxygenates. These products are desired as energy vectors, owing to their higher volumetric energy density and compatibility with the current fuel infrastructure than C1 compounds, and as entry platform chemicals for existing value chains. The major challenge is the optimal integration of catalytic functionalities for both reductive and chain‐growth steps. This Minireview summarizes the progress achieved towards the hydrogenation of CO2 to C2+ hydrocarbons and oxygenates, covering both solid and molecular catalysts and processes in the gas and liquid phases. Mechanistic aspects are discussed with emphasis on intrinsic kinetic limitations, in some cases inevitably linked to thermodynamic bounds through the concomitant reverse water–gas‐shift reaction, which should be considered in the development of advanced catalysts and processes.
RACK1 is necessary for the formation of point contacts and regulates axon growth
Authors: Kershner Leah , Welshhans Kristy 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTReceptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a multifunctional ribosomal scaffolding protein that can interact with multiple signaling molecules concurrently through its seven WD40 repeats. We recently found that RACK1 is localized to mammalian growth cones, prompting an investigation into its role during neural development. Here, we show for the first time that RACK1 localizes to point contacts within mouse cortical growth cones. Point contacts are adhesion sites that link the actin network within growth cones to the extracellular matrix, and are necessary for appropriate axon guidance. Our experiments show that RACK1 is necessary for point contact formation. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) stimulates an increase in point contact density, which was eliminated by RACK1 shRNA or overexpression of a nonphosphorylatable mutant form of RACK1. We also found that axonal growth requires both RACK1 expression and phosphorylation. We have previously shown that the local translation of β‐actin mRNA within growth cones is necessary for appropriate axon guidance and is dependent on RACK1. Thus, we examined the location of members of the local translation complex relative to point contacts. Indeed, both β‐actin mRNA and RACK1 colocalize with point contacts, and this colocalization increases following BDNF stimulation. This implies the novel finding that local translation is regulated at point contacts. Taken together, these data suggest that point contacts are a targeted site of local translation within growth cones, and RACK1 is a critical member of the point contact complex and necessary for appropriate neural development. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1038–1056, 2017
A simulation approach to assessing environmental risk of sound exposure to marine mammals
Authors: Donovan Carl R. , Harris Catriona M. , Milazzo Lorenzo , Harwood John , Marshall Laura , Williams Rob 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntense underwater sounds caused by military sonar, seismic surveys, and pile driving can harm acoustically sensitive marine mammals. Many jurisdictions require such activities to undergo marine mammal impact assessments to guide mitigation. However, the ability to assess impacts in a rigorous, quantitative way is hindered by large knowledge gaps concerning hearing ability, sensitivity, and behavioral responses to noise exposure. We describe a simulation‐based framework, called SAFESIMM (Statistical Algorithms For Estimating the Sonar Influence on Marine Megafauna), that can be used to calculate the numbers of agents (animals) likely to be affected by intense underwater sounds. We illustrate the simulation framework using two species that are likely to be affected by marine renewable energy developments in UK waters: gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) and harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). We investigate three sources of uncertainty: How sound energy is perceived by agents with differing hearing abilities; how agents move in response to noise (i.e., the strength and directionality of their evasive movements); and the way in which these responses may interact with longer term constraints on agent movement. The estimate of received sound exposure level (SEL) is influenced most strongly by the weighting function used to account for the specie's presumed hearing ability. Strongly directional movement away from the sound source can cause modest reductions (~5 dB) in SEL over the short term (periods of less than 10 days). Beyond 10 days, the way in which agents respond to noise exposure has little or no effect on SEL, unless their movements are constrained by natural boundaries. Most experimental studies of noise impacts have been short‐term. However, data are needed on long‐term effects because uncertainty about predicted SELs accumulates over time. Synthesis and applications. Simulation frameworks offer a powerful way to explore, understand, and estimate effects of cumulative sound exposure on marine mammals and to quantify associated levels of uncertainty. However, they can often require subjective decisions that have important consequences for management recommendations, and the basis for these decisions must be clearly described.
Does reintroducing large wood influence the hydraulic landscape of a lowland river at multiple discharges?
Authors: Matheson Adrian , Thoms Martin , Southwell Mark , Reid Michael 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLarge wood is a key structural and functional component of rivers, and it is reintroduced to provide physical habitat, encourage channel stability, and influence in‐channel hydraulic conditions at a range of scales. Typically, studies assessing the influence of reintroduced wood on in‐channel hydraulic character have been undertaken at relatively small scales—at a site. Relatively little is known about how reintroduced wood influences in‐channel hydraulic character at larger reach scales and over different discharges. In this study, the hydraulic character or hydraulic landscape of multiple reference (wooded), control (unwooded), and managed (wood reintroduced) reaches (average length = 430 m) at 10 different discharges in the Barwon‐Darling River, Australia, were analysed. Landscape scale hydraulic character was compared using spatial metrics describing the size, shape, and relative location of hydraulic patches in each reach. It was hypothesised that reintroducing wood would significantly influence hydraulic landscapes within the managed reaches, with those reaches becoming more similar to reference reaches. The reintroduction of wood into the Barwon‐Darling River did not significantly influence the hydraulic landscapes of the managed reaches; instead, they remained more similar to control reaches across discharges. Discharge did significantly influence the hydraulic landscape, with stepwise changes in the character of the hydraulic landscape in response to increasing discharge. The limited influence of reintroduced wood on the hydraulic landscapes is hypothesised to be because reintroduced wood did not match naturally occurring wood in terms of the character of individual pieces or their spatial distribution within the reach.
Adaptive advantages of appearance: predation, thermoregulation, and color of webbing built by New Zealand's largest moth
Authors: Yule Kirsty , Burns Kevin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPrey are often difficult to locate visually, which may help them avoid predators. However, an animal's appearance might also evolve in response to the abiotic environment. Here, we investigate the processes that determine the appearance of silk webbing built by New Zealand's largest endemic moth Aenetus virescens (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), whose larvae burrow into the trunks of native trees. Larvae cover tunnel entrances with silk webbing, detritus, and epiphytes, giving them a similar appearance to tree bark. First, we conducted spectral analyses of webbing and background bark in avian tetrahedral color space to test whether webbing made larvae less visible to predatory parrots. Next, we manipulated the spectral contrast of webbing and background bark and assessed its effect on predation by parrots for over 2 yr. Last, we measured the effect of webbing on tunnel temperatures and quantified how temperatures within tunnels affected larval growth. Results indicate that webbing made larvae less visible to predatory parrots. However, webbing contrast to background bark did not affect predation by parrots. Instead, webbing increased temperatures within tunnels and facilitated more rapid larval growth. Overall results indicate that the appearance of organisms that are difficult to locate visually may not always result from selection by predators.
Persistence of an egg mass polymorphism in Ambystoma maculatum: differential performance under high and low nutrients
Authors: Pintar Matthew R. , Resetarits William J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPolymorphisms play critical roles in allowing organisms to adapt to novel environments while enabling ecological speciation under divergent selection. Ambystoma maculatum, the spotted salamander, exhibits a unique polymorphism in the structure and appearance of its egg masses with two common morphs, white and clear. Amphibian egg jelly layers mediate interactions between embryos and the environment and are more responsive to ecological pressures of natural selection than other egg coat components. The A. maculatum egg mass polymorphism was hypothesized to be adaptive with regard to varying dissolved nutrient levels in ponds. We conducted two mesocosm experiments, collected field data, and constructed a population projection model to determine how dissolved nutrient levels affect embryonic and larval development and relate to the distribution of the morphs in natural ponds. We found that upon hatching there was an interaction between nutrient level and egg mass morph wherein individuals from white morphs were larger in low nutrient habitats. This interaction persisted throughout the larval stage, and along with the higher abundance of white morphs in ponds with low conductivity, we demonstrate that the white morph is advantageous in low nutrient environments. Our findings provide evidence for the role of environmental heterogeneity in enabling the persistence of a structural egg mass polymorphism, with maintenance occurring across multiple scales and persistence across its range. This indicates that polymorphisms can maximize performance in heterogeneous environments, while persisting over long timescales without leading to sympatric speciation.
Evaluation of Enzymatic Kinetics of GOx‐based Electrodes by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy at Redox Competition Mode
Authors: Morkvenaite‐Vilkonciene Inga , Ramanaviciene Almira , Genys Povilas , Ramanavicius Arunas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGlucose oxidase (GOx) is an enzyme, which is used for the development of enzymatic biofuel cells. Therefore in this research redox competition mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (RC‐SECM) was applied for the investigation of glucose oxidase (GOx) catalyzed reaction kinetics. The GOx was immobilized by glutaraldehyde on substrates of different electrical conductivity: (i) gold covered glass was used as conducting substrate and (ii) plastic poly(methyl methacrylate) was used as non‐conducting substrate. Current vs distance dependencies were registered by SECM at different concentrations of glucose in the absence of redox mediator. The potential of −750 mV vs Ag/AgCl(3 M KCl) was applied to the microelectrode (ME), which was used as a probe in SECM, in order to register oxygen reduction current. Consumption of oxygen by the GOx based layer was evaluated according to principles determined by Michaelis‐Menten kinetics. Apparent Michaelis constants KM(app.) were calculated from the dependencies of current vs glucose concentration. In both these cases the KM(app.) value increased when the distance between ME and enzyme modified surface was increasing from 10 to 30 μm, while the KM(app.) value decreased by increasing the distance from 30 to 60 μm.