bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete chloroplast genome sequences of Lilium: insights into evolutionary dynamics and phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Du Yun-peng , Bi Yu , Yang Feng-ping , Zhang Ming-fang , Chen Xu-qing , Xue Jing , Zhang Xiu-hai 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLilium is a large genus that includes approximately 110 species distributed throughout cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The species-level phylogeny of Lilium remains unclear; previous studies have found universal markers but insufficient phylogenetic signals. In this study, we present the use of complete chloroplast genomes to explore the phylogeny of this genus. We sequenced nine Lilium chloroplast genomes and retrieved seven published chloroplast genomes for comparative and phylogenetic analyses. The genomes ranged from 151,655 bp to 153,235 bp in length and had a typical quadripartite structure with a conserved genome arrangement and moderate divergence. A comparison of sixteen Lilium chloroplast genomes revealed ten mutation hotspots. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for any two Lilium chloroplast genomes ranged from 8 to 1,178 and provided robust data for phylogeny. Except for some of the shortest internodes, phylogenetic relationships of the Lilium species inferred from the chloroplast genome obtained high support, indicating that chloroplast genome data will be useful to help resolve the deeper branches of phylogeny.
Low-frequency ultrasound-induced VEGF suppression and synergy with dendritic cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity in murine prostate cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shou Wen-De , Xu Yan-Jun , Bai Wen-Kun , Hu Bing 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHigh tumor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are associated with poor treatment outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa), and immune deficiency in the PCa microenvironment, especially suppression of dendritic cell (DC) proliferation, has been confirmed. In this study, we (1) investigated whether VEGF participates in DC suppression in murine PCa cells (RM-1), (2) down-regulated VEGF expression using low-frequency ultrasound and microbubbles (UM), and (3) further explored any synergistic effect on immunological activation. DCs from the bone marrow of BALB/c mice were stimulated by the addition of cytokines (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)), and we analyzed their proliferation status via flow cytometric recognition of the surface antigen markers CD11c and CD83. The results demonstrated that co-culture with RM-1 cells markedly inhibited expression of the general marker CD11c and the mature marker CD83; UM weakened this inhibition by down-regulating VEGF expression. T lymphocytes were extracted from murine spleens, and CD4 and CD8a were identified as the biomarkers of activated cells participating in the anti-tumor immune response. When DCs, T lymphocytes and RM-1 cells were co-cultured, cell migration and invasion assays and cytoactive detection showed that UM could not only directly suppress PCa cell evolution but also promote activation of anti-tumor immunocytes in the VEGF-inhibited microenvironment.
Dynamical characteristics of nano‐lasers subject to optical injection and phase conjugate feedback
Authors: Han Hong , Shore K. Alan 
Published: July 2017

The dynamics of nano‐lasers has been analysed using rate equations which include the Purcell cavity‐enhanced spontaneous emission factor F and the spontaneous emission coupling factor β. It is shown that when subject to optical injection and phase conjugate feedback, nano‐lasers may exhibit remarkably stable small‐amplitude oscillations with frequencies of order 300 GHz. Critically, it is established that such oscillations persist when the effects of noise are taken into account. The appearance of such high‐frequency oscillations is associated with the effective reduction of the carrier lifetime for larger values of the Purcell factor, F, and spontaneous coupling factor, β. The effects of the feedback distance and bias currents are also considered. As the optical injection strength increases for fixed phase conjugate feedback and relatively short feedback distances, the nano‐laser displays periodic dynamics and then enters stable locking. As the feedback distance increases, the quasi‐periodic dynamics dominates. Increased bias current can also induce quasi‐periodic behaviour albeit this may be ameliorated by reducing the strength of the phase conjugate feedback.
Preterm Preeclampsia and Timing of Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Guida José Paulo de Siqueira , Surita Fernanda Garanhani , Parpinelli Mary Angela , Costa Maria Laura 
Published: July 2017

Introduction Preeclampsia, a multifactorial disease with pathophysiology not yet fully understood, is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially when preterm. The diagnosis is performed when there is an association between arterial hypertension and proteinuria or evidence of severity. There are unanswered questions in the literature considering the timing of delivery once preterm preeclampsia has been diagnosed, given the risk of developing maternal complications versus the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes associated with prematurity. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the best timing of delivery for women diagnosed with preeclampsia before 37 weeks of gestation.
Methods Systematic literature review, performed in the PubMed database, using the terms preeclampsia, parturition and timing of delivery to look for studies conducted between 2014 and 2017. Studies that compared the maternal and perinatal outcomes of women who underwent immediate delivery or delayed delivery, in the absence of evidence of severe preeclampsia, were selected.
Results A total of 629 studies were initially retrieved. After reading the titles, 78 were selected, and their abstracts, evaluated; 16 were then evaluated in full and, in the end, 6 studies (2 randomized clinical trials and 4 observational studies) met the inclusion criteria. The results were presented according to gestational age range (< 34 weeks and between 34 and 37 weeks) and by maternal and perinatal outcomes, according to the timing of delivery, considering immediate delivery or expectant management. Before 34 weeks, the maternal outcomes were similar, but the perinatal outcomes were significantly worse when immediate delivery occurred. Between 34 and 37 weeks, the progression to severe maternal disease was slightly higher among women undergoing expectant management, however, with better perinatal outcomes.
Conclusions When there is no evidence of severe preeclampsia or impaired fetal well-being, especially before 34 weeks, the pregnancy should be carefully surveilled, and the delivery, postponed, aiming at improving the perinatal outcomes. Between 34 and 37 weeks, the decision on the timing of delivery should be shared with the pregnant woman and her family, after providing information regarding the risks of adverse outcomes associated with preeclampsia and prematurity.
Atropine Treatment for Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cascini Valentina , Chiesa Pierluigi , Pierro Agostino , Zani Augusto , Lauriti Giuseppe 
Published: July 2017

Introduction Several authors have reported the use of atropine as an alternative treatment to pyloromyotomy in infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). Our aims were to review the efficacy of atropine in treating HPS and to compare atropine therapy versus pyloromyotomy.
Materials and Methods Using a defined search strategy (PubMed, MEDLINE, OVID, Embase, Cochrane databases), two investigators independently identified studies reporting the use of atropine for HPS. Case reports and opinion articles were excluded. Outcome measures included success rate, side effects, and length of hospital stay. Maneuvers were compared using Fisher's exact test, and meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
Results Systematic review: of 2,524 abstracts screened, 51 full-text articles were analyzed. There were no prospective or randomized studies. Twelve articles (508 infants) reported HPS resolution using atropine in 402 (79.1%) patients. Atropine side effects were documented in 38/251 (15.1%) infants and included tachycardia, increased transaminases, and flushed skin. Meta-analysis: five studies compared atropine treatment (293 infants) with pyloromyotomy (537 infants). Pyloromyotomy had higher success rate (100%) than atropine (80.8%; p < 0.01) and shorter hospital stay (5.6 ± 2.3 vs. 10.3 ± 3.8 days, respectively; p < 0.0001).
Conclusion Comparative but nonrandomized studies indicate that atropine is less effective than pyloromyotomy to treat infants with HPS. Currently, there is no evidence-based literature to support atropine treatment in these infants. To our knowledge, atropine should be reserved for patients unfit for general anesthesia or surgery.
Modified Intervastus Approach to the Knee
Authors: Kohlman James , Valle Craig , Sartawi Muthana 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe modified intervastus approach to the anterior knee is an approach that may be used in the majority of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. This article presents the first description of this approach. The advantages of this approach include its extensile nature, similar to a medial parapatellar approach, and preservation of the extensor mechanism and the vastus medialis, leading to a more rapid return to active knee extension than is traditionally observed. The approach is also simple to perform, easy to close, and is compatible with more extensile approaches such as a quadriceps snip if required in revision scenarios.
Tolerance Induction of Horse Allergy by Horse Contact with Curly Horses
Authors: Mitlehner W. , Mitlehner H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA horse allergic rider completed 60 riding lessons on Curly Horses within six months. This rider has become clinically tolerant to normal horse breeds within this time. This case may indicate that riding and brushing ABCR Curly Horses after 60 riding hours facilitates tolerance induction. Our data indicate that this could be a valid alternative to the common recommendation to strictly avoid horse riding.
Spacer, Aerosoltherapie durch Raum und Zeit
Authors: Voshaar Thomas , Haidl Peter , Clös Rolf 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Literaturübersicht In diesem Review werden die Ergebnisse einer Literaturanalyse zur Anwendung von Spacern mit Dosieraerosolen beschrieben und bewertet.
Methodik Neben einer umfangreichen Aufarbeitung der Spacereffekte werden die Auswirkungen aktueller Leitlinien und Rahmenbedingungen für Produktzulassungen auf die Spaceranwendung beschrieben, die sich aus der Interaktion der Eigenschaften von Dosieraerosolen mit einem Spacer ergeben.
Ergebnisse Zur Vermeidung von Koordinationsproblemen bei der Auslösung eines Dosieraerosols zu Beginn der Einatmung sind Spacer generell sinnvoll. Für alle Dosieraerosol-Spacer-Kombinationen gilt zudem, dass die Mund-Rachen-Deposition im Vergleich zur Dosieraerosolanwendung ohne Spacer reduziert wird. Einige neuere Dosieraerosole setzen allerdings das Aerosol in einer Qualität frei, die einen Spacer zur Vermeidung einer hohen Wirkstoffdeposition im Mund-Rachen-Raum nicht zwingend erforderlich macht, weil die Aerosolqualität über einen Spacer nicht mehr wesentlich verbessert werden kann. Die aus einem Spacer freigesetzte Wirkstoffmasse und die Aerosolqualität variieren aber erheblich bei Verwendung unterschiedlicher Spacer. Ein Spacerwechsel kann bei Verwendung des gleichen Dosieraerosols maximal zu einer Verdopplung oder Halbierung der applizierten Wirkstoffmenge führen. Diese Fakten werden inzwischen von der europäischen Zulassungsbehörde berücksichtigt.
Schlussfolgerung Die Fachinformationen der Dosieraerosole, die nach 2009 entwickelt und zugelassen wurden, sollten, sofern eine Spaceranwendung vorgesehen ist, mindestens eine konkrete Spacerempfehlung aussprechen, die auf entsprechenden In-vitro-Daten bzw. ergänzenden In-vivo-Daten beruht. Wird ein anderer Spacer als der empfohlene mit diesem Dosieraerosol eingesetzt, ist es nicht möglich, die applizierte Dosis vorherzusehen. Dies sollte bei der Spacerauswahl berücksichtigt werden.
Aktuelle Bedeutung der dermatologischen Röntgentherapie
Authors: Eberlein B. 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungDie dermatologische Röntgentherapie hat mit neuen Geräten wieder eine langfristige Perspektive. Auch deshalb ist es wichtig, diejenigen Indikationen für eine Röntgentherapie im Bereich der Dermatologie und deren Stellenwert im therapeutischen Kanon herauszustellen. Die Therapie kann vom spezialisierten Dermatologen eingesetzt werden bei gutartigen Hauterkrankungen wie Keloiden (v. a. postoperativ), in den frühen Stadien des M. Dupuytren, des M. Ledderhose und der Induratio penis plastica. Bei den Präkanzerosen werden sehr gute Erfolgsraten bei der Lentigo maligna erreicht, wobei die Therapie bei älteren Patienten auch als Primärtherapie eingesetzt werden kann. Eine Strahlentherapie für Basalzellkarzinome, Plattenepithelkarzinome und Lentigo-maligna-Melanome kommt dann infrage, wenn lokal nicht in sano resezierbare Tumoren vorliegen, Patienten inoperabel sind oder eine Einwilligung zur Operation nicht gegeben wird. Sowohl die Mycosis fungoides wie auch das Kaposi-Sarkom sind strahlungssensible Tumoren, bei denen die Radiotherapie primär oder adjuvant zur Lokalkontrolle erfolgreich einsetzbar ist. Aufgrund dieser Einsatzmöglichkeiten werden Kenntnisse im Bereich der dermatologischen Röntgenweichstrahltherapie vermittelt, um Patienten diese erfolgreichen Behandlungen bei entsprechender Indikation anbieten zu können.
Die Dermatologische Klinik am UniversitätsSpital Zürich heute
Authors: French L. 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Dermatologische Klinik des UniversitätsSpitals Zürich fokussiert als eines der renommiertesten universitären Zentren Europas primär darauf, eine fundierte, breite und möglichst innovative Grundversorgung der Patientinnen und Patienten sicherzustellen. Dies basierend auf einer aktiven und sehr zielgerichteten klinischen und Grundlagen-Forschung in den Bereichen schwere entzündliche Hautkrankheiten und Dermatoonkologie unter der Prämisse und langjährigen Tradition der translationalen Forschung. Ziel ist es, mit einem hochprofessionellen Mitarbeiterstab und entsprechender Nachwuchsförderung die führende Position der Klinik und ihre Kompetitivität auf die Zukunft langfristig zu halten und weiter zu entwickeln durch innovativste Forschung und Behandlung/Diagnostik-Methoden in der Patientenversorgung. Der Rolle in der Gesellschaft als führendes Dermatologie-Zentrum wird die Klinik gerecht durch engen Austausch mit den zuweisenden Ärzten – in Sinne der Weitergabe von aktuellstem Knowhow für die Patienten in den Praxen. Durch gezielte Öffentlichkeitsarbeit soll das Bewusstsein der Bevölkerung auf häufige und risikoreiche Hautkrankheiten sensibilisiert und damit das Verständnis für das Fach der Dermatologie gestärkt werden.
The Identification of Araliaceae Species by ITS2 Genetic Barcoding and Pollen Morphology
Authors: Reunov Arkadiy , Reunova Galina , Atopkin Dmitry , Reunova Yulia , Muzarok Tamara , Zakharov Evgeny , Zhuravlev Yury 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe genetic barcode ITS2 (ITS: internal transcribed spacer) and pollen morphology were used for the identification of the pharmacologically valuable wild Araliaceae species Panax ginseng, Oplopanax elatus, Aralia elata, Aralia continentalis, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus inhabiting the natural forests of Primorye, Russia. The ITS2 locus successfully identified all six species, which supports the use of ITS2 as a standard barcode for medicinal plants. However, the ITS2 locus was insufficient for intra-specific discrimination in these species, neither within Primorye nor from other world representatives within GenBank. Araliaceae pollen was confirmed to undergo size-reducing metamorphosis. The final morphotypes were species-specific for each of the six species but could not discriminate intra-species geographic localities within Primorye. The morphologies of the final pollen morphotypes from homologous species inhabiting other parts of the world are not yet known. Therefore, whether pollen is applicable for Araliaceae intra-species discrimination between Primorye and other world localities could not be established. Based on these findings, we propose that the ITS2 genetic barcode and the final pollen morphotypes are suitable for the identification of Araliaceae species. However, further studies will be needed to determine the suitability of genetic and pollen traits for Araliaceae geographic authentication.
Epidemiology of hepatic encephalopathy in german hospitals – the EpHE study
Authors: Labenz Christian , Wörns Marcus-Alexander , Schattenberg Jörn , Huber Yvonne , Galle Peter , Labenz Joachim ,   ALGK study group
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious complication of liver cirrhosis. The proportion of patients with liver cirrhosis attending German hospitals suffering from HE is unknown.
Methods In the first part of the study, data of 14 community hospitals and 5 university hospitals covering the years 2010 and 2011 were analyzed retrospectively for the DRG codes of liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. In the second prospective part of the multicenter observational study, all patients with liver cirrhosis attending the departments of gastroenterology of 16 participating community hospitals within a study period of 3 months were included and screened for HE clinically according to the West Haven criteria (grades 1 – 4).
Results A diagnosis of liver cirrhosis has been coded in 6366 cases in 2010 and in 7279 cases in 2011. In the vast majority of hospitals, less than 20 % of these cases had an additional DRG code for HE. Two hundred seventy-eight patients with liver cirrhosis were included into the prospective study. A clinically detectable HE was present in 36 % of the patients (n = 99). The majority was classified as West Haven 1 (n = 59, 59.6 %). Of the patients without clinical sings of HE, 48 % (n = 134) showed a pathological NCT.
Conclusion Our data suggest that HE is underdiagnosed in German hospitals. Since treatment of HE may improve the prognosis of the patients as well as their quality of life, hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis should be routinely screened for HE.
Decontamination of Mikania glomerata Leaves by Gamma Irradiation: Coumarin Determination by HPLC-DAD, Microbiological Control and Genotoxicological Studies
Authors: Gouvêa Marcos , Ferreira-Machado Samara , da Silva Thalita , Lima Julien , Lau Cláudio , Esper Luciana , Mourão Samanta , Macedo Elizabeth , Vital Helio , Andrade Edson , Netto Annibal , Marques Flávia , Peregrino Carlos 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGamma irradiation as a decontaminating physical agent could be an important tool in the production chain of herbal medicines by improving the microbiological quality of raw materials and the safety of final products. This study was undertaken to investigate the genotoxic potential and eventual chemical modifications of a batch of Mikania glomerata raw material decontaminated by different doses of gamma irradiation (2.0, 3.5, and 5.0 kGy), using a cesium-137 source. DNA damage was assessed in vitro by agarose gel electrophoresis in regard to double-chain breaks of plasmid pUC 9.1 DNA and in vivo by micronucleus test in bone marrow cells of Wistar rats. Cytotoxicity in bone marrows was assessed by scoring polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio. An HPLC-DAD method was adapted and validated for the enhancement of coumarin selectivity from the other matrix constituents. The microbial load was satisfactorily reduced, leading to sterilization at the highest dose. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were not increased in the in vitro and in vivo models. The concentration of coumarin and the chromatographic profiles of the hydroalcoholic plant extracts (ethanol 70% v/v) were not modified after such process. Therefore, this work suggests that gamma irradiation of M. glomerata raw material is suitable and safe for microbiological control purposes at the employed doses.
Interiors and interiority in Vermeer: empiricism, subjectivity, modernism
Authors: Binstock Benjamin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractJohannes Vermeer may well be the foremost painter of interiors and interiority in the history of art, yet we have not necessarily understood his achievement in either domain, or their relation within his complex development. This essay explains how Vermeer based his interiors on rooms in his house and used his family members as models, combining empiricism and subjectivity. Vermeer was exceptionally self-conscious and sophisticated about his artistic task, which we are still laboring to understand and articulate. He eschewed anecdotal narratives and presented his models as models in “studio” settings, in paintings about paintings, or art about art, a form of modernism. In contrast to the prevailing conception in scholarship of Dutch Golden Age paintings as providing didactic or moralizing messages for their pre-modern audiences, we glimpse in Vermeer’s paintings an anticipation of our own modern understanding of art. This article is published as part of a collection on interiorities.
Monomeric and fibrillar α-synuclein exert opposite effects on the catalytic cycle that promotes the proliferation of Aβ42 aggregates
Authors: Chia Sean , Flagmeier Patrick , Habchi Johnny , Lattanzi Veronica , Linse Sara , Dobson Christopher M. , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Vendruscolo Michele 
Published: July 2017

Significance
A variety of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, involve the aggregation of Aβ and α-synuclein. These two proteins can influence each other in a complex manner, which has so far prevented firm conclusions to be established about whether, in particular, α-synuclein promotes or inhibits Aβ aggregation. By exploiting a highly quantitative chemical kinetics approach, we show that α-synuclein monomers inhibit Aβ42 aggregation by binding to Aβ42 fibrils, thereby preventing them from catalysing the nucleation of further Aβ42 aggregates. By contrast, α-synuclein fibrils do just the opposite, as they catalyse the nucleation of Aβ42 aggregates. These results show how approaches based on chemical kinetics can provide essential insights into complex aggregation phenomena and illustrate the nature of the interaction between Aβ and α-synuclein.
G9a coordinates with the RPA complex to promote DNA damage repair and cell survival
Authors: Yang Qiaoyan , Zhu Qian , Lu Xiaopeng , Du Yipeng , Cao Linlin , Shen Changchun , Hou Tianyun , Li Meiting , Li Zhiming , Liu Chaohua , Wu Di , Xu Xingzhi , Wang Lina , Wang Haiying , Zhao Ying , Yang Yang , Zhu Wei-Guo 
Published: July 2017

Significance
The G9a histone methyltransferase primarily regulates the expression of genes associated with cancer development in cancer cells, but it has also been implicated in mediating the DNA damage response. Here, we confirmed a role for G9a in DNA damage repair following double-strand breaks. G9a is recruited to chromatin as a result of casein kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation, where it directly interacts with replication protein A (RPA). G9a binding to RPA modulates RPA and Rad51 foci formation and permits efficient homologous recombination. This molecular mechanism renders cancer cells more resistant to radiation and chemotherapeutics. Our improved understanding of the molecular function of G9a may help with the future design of G9a inhibitors and G9a-based DNA damage agents as cancer therapeutics.