bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Silicon Electrode Aging upon Cycling in Full Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Delpuech Nathalie , Dupre Nicolas , Moreau Philippe , Bridel Jean‐Sebastian , Gaubicher Joel , Lestriez Bernard , Guyomard Dominique 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the aging mechanism of silicon‐based negative electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries upon cycling is essential to solve the problem of low coulombic efficiency and capacity fading and further to implement this new high‐capacity material in commercial cells. Nevertheless, such studies have so far focused on half cells in which silicon is cycled versus an infinite reservoir of lithium. In the present work, the aging mechanism of silicon‐based electrodes is studied upon cycling in a full Li‐ion cell configuration with LiCoO2 as the positive electrode. Postmortem analyses of both electrodes clearly indicate that neither one of them contains lithium and that no discernible degradation results from the cycling. The aging mechanism can be explained by the reduction of solvent molecules. Electrons extracted from the positive electrode are responsible for an internal imbalance in the cell, which results in progressive slippage of the electrodes and reduces the compositional range of cyclable lithium ions for both electrodes.
Non‐Ideal Plasma and Early Experiments at FAIR: HIHEX ‐ Heavy Ion Heating and EXpansion
Authors: Mintsev V. , Kim V. , Lomonosov I. , Nikolaev D. , Ostrik A. , Shilkin N. , Shutov A. , Ternovoi V. , Yuriev D. , Fortov V. , Golubev A. , Kantsyrev A. , Varentsov D. , Hoffmann D.H.H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEarly Experiments at FAIR in 2018 ‐ 2022 suggested by the HEDgeHOB collaboration in the field of non‐ideal plasma physics are discussed. Specific energies of 5‐10 kJ/g, pressures of 1‐2 GPa and temperatures of 1‐2 eV are expected to be reached in the substance at the first experiments with a U+28 beam with the energy of 0.2 AGeV and maximal intensity 3 · 1010 per impulse. It will provide the possibility to investigate the two phase region including the critical point of several metals in HIHEX (Heavy Ion Heating and EXpansion) experiments with the plane and cylindrical geometry, realizing regimes of quasi‐isochoric heating, isentropic expansion and compression when the flow strikes the target. Analysis of thermal radiation transfer will give information on the vaporization dynamics. Measurements of electrical conductivity and optical properties on the supercritical adiabat will disclose information on the insulator to metal transition under these conditions. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electric Charge of Dust Particles in a Plasma
Authors: Davletov A. E. , Arkhipov Yu. V. , Tkachenko I. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe problem of calculation of the electric charge of dust particles in a plasma is considered from different points of view. At first the charging of polarizable dust particles is studied within the orbital motion limited approach. Secondly, the plasma electrodynamics is applied to show that the electric charge of a dust particle is determined by the normal component of the dielectric displacement vector near the grain surface rather than the normal component of the electric field strength. And, finally, the chemical model, initially proposed for determination of partially ionized plasma composition, is demonstrated to be very productive in evaluating the electric charge of the dust component. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coulomb Structure with a Large Number of Particles in the Dynamic Trap at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Syrovatka R. A. , Vasilyak L.M. , Deputatova L. V. , Filinov V. S. , Lapitsky D. S. , Pecherkin V. Ya. , Vladimirov V. I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe possibility of charged particles trapped by the linear quadrupole Paul trap to form an ensemble with strong Coulomb interaction at atmospheric pressure has been experimentally shown. The ordered structure could confine particles of different sizes and charges. Stable clouds of thousands of oxide aluminum particles with sizes of 0.5÷65 microns were observed in the linear trap with electrodes placed 30 mm apart. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Notes on Anomalous Quantum Wake Effects
Authors: Moldabekov Zh. A. , Ludwig P. , Bonitz M. , Ramazanov T. S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe ion potential in the warm dense matter regime exhibits wake effects due to streaming degenerate electrons and has been discussed previously [Phys. Rev. E 91, 023102 (2015)]. Here, we extend the analysis with particular focus on anomalous wake effects that is (i) the collision‐induced wake amplification, and (ii) the non‐monotonic temperature dependence of the wake amplitude. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A delay and energy aware coordination mechanism for WSAN
Authors: Kakarla Jagadeesh , Majhi Banshidhar , Battula Ramesh 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn this paper, a delay and energy aware coordination mechanism (DEACM) has been devised for wireless sensor–actor networks. In DEACM, a two‐level hierarchical K‐hop clustering mechanism is used to organize the sensors and actors for communication. In the first level, sensors form a K‐hop cluster using actors as cluster heads, and sink is made as the cluster head in the second level to form a cluster among actors. Sensor nodes, which are 1‐hop away from the actors, also called as relay nodes are elected as backup cluster head (BCH) based on the residual energy and node degree. BCH collects the data from sensors when an actor is away to perform actions in the affected area. The scheme is evaluated through exhaustive simulation in NS2 along with other existing schemes. Different parameters like average event waiting time, event reliability, and average energy dissipation are compared, varying the number of sensors, actors, and data transfer rate. In general, it is observed that the proposed DEACM outperforms other existing schemes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Malignancy rate associated with Bethesda categoryIII(AUS/FLUS) with and without repeat fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Kuru Bekir , Atmaca Aysegul , Kefeli Mehmet 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundSelection of nodules for surgery diagnosed as Bethesda category III [atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) category] is important. It was aimed to define the malignancy rates associated with and without repeat fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and to define the contribution of repeat FNAB to triage to surgery or observation in nodules with AUS/FLUS FNAB.MethodsThe records of all patients with nodules who underwent FNAB and classified by Bethesda reporting system as AUS/FLUS at their institution were reviewed. Malignancy rates for patients with AUS/FLUS FNAB with and without repeat FNAB were calculated.ResultsOf the 582 patients who were classified as AUS/FLUS on initial FNAB, 179 underwent surgery with an associated malignancy rate of 22.9% (upper boundary). Risk of malignancy among all patients with AUS/FLUS nodules was 7% (lower boundary). The upper and lower boundaries of the malignancy rates with and without repeat FNAB were 38.6% and 15.6% for resected patients, and 13% and 4.6% for all patients, respectively. Reclassification rate with repeat FNAB was 56%.ConclusionThe findings showed that repeat FNAB for initial AUS/FLUS category was associated with a significantly increased malignancy rate compared with those without repeat FNAB. Repeat FNAB could help selection of patients with AUS/FLUS to triage to surgery. Therefore, repeat FNAB for nodules with AUS/FLUS on initial FNAB was suggested. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:394–398. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From Risk Governance to City–Citizen Collaboration: Capitalizing on individual adaptation to climate change
Authors: Wamsler Christine 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUrban societies are increasingly affected by climatic variability and extremes. In theory, adaptation policy creates the conditions needed to support autonomous adaptation – or deliver public adaptation if autonomous adaptation fails to develop. However, little attention has been given to autonomous adaptation by private households and individuals, and how it is taken into account in cities’ strategic adaptation planning. Against this background, this paper examines the synergies between measures taken by city authorities and citizens, and, more specifically, how public adaptation planning enhances or inhibits private (individual) adaptation. Based on a literature review and an in‐depth study of German municipalities, existing types of city–citizen interaction are systematized. The results show that targeted city–citizen collaboration for climate change adaptation is practically non‐existent. City authorities rarely pay sufficient attention to financial and structural aid for individual adaptation. Conversely, the available municipal support for individual adaptation has little take‐up by members of the public. Furthermore, urban policy and planning often counteract collaboration and the implementation of measures that meet citizens’ capacities and needs. The paper concludes that improving city–citizen collaboration for adaptation co‐production is an important step in fostering transformative adaptation, if the barriers and driving forces identified in the study are addressed. The framework that is presented advances theory on city–citizen interactions for adaptation co‐production, providing a basis for related analyses, action and further research. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Policy and Governance published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Bismuth Iodide Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Crystal Structures and Utilization in Formation of Textured BiI3 Film
Authors: Nørby Peter , Jørgensen Mads Ry Vogel , Johnsen Simon , Brummerstedt Iversen Bo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTwo new and one redetermination of metastable bismuth iodide hybrid organic‐inorganic structure incorporating the solvents 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydrothiophene 1,1‐dioxide Bi2I6·(C4H8O2S)2 (1), N,N‐dimethylmethanamide Bi3I12·Bi(C3H7NO)8 (2), and dimethyl sulfoxide Bi2I9·Bi(C2H6OS)8 (3), are reported. In these compounds the size and shape of the inorganic moiety can be selectively adjusted by choice of solvent, which takes the form of infinite neutral linear BiI3 chains in 1 and isolated Bi–I clusters [Bi3I12]3– in 2. The crystals are short‐lived and decompose to form BiI3 under ambient conditions. Highly textured BiI3 films can be fabricated by spin coating, which is shown for the case of 3.
Castor oil‐based waterborne polyurethanes with tunable properties and excellent biocompatibility
Authors: Liu Kai , Miao Shida , Su Zhiguo , Sun Lijing , Ma Guanghui , Zhang Songping 
Published: February 2016

Biopolymers materials with tunable properties are the spotlight in the polymer molecules design and synthesis. Here, we synthesize a series of castor oil based‐waterborne polyurethanes (CWPUs) with highly tunable properties by adjusting the content of 2,2‐dimethylolbutanoic acid (DMBA), a hydrophilic chain extender. The size of the polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) decreases from 120 nm to 20 nm, when DMBA content increases from 5 to 9 wt%. Infrared spectrum of the corresponding CWPUs films shows that the hydrogen bonds between hard segments have an enhancement as DMBA content increases. The thermal and mechanical properties of the CWPUs films have an obvious change due to this enhanced hydrogen bond interactions and behave like soft elastomer or rigid plastic. For example, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the CWPUs films increases from 47.8 to 92.9 °C and meanwhile the tensile strength increases from 9.6 to 20.0 MPa. In addition, the CWPUs films are enzymatically hydrolysable due to the surface hydrophilicity. Importantly, those films exhibit excellent biocompatibility to mouse fibroblast (L‐929) cells and a relative cell viability of 76% compared to tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) plates is obtained.Practical applications: The synthesized CWPUs are versatile by change of the content of DMBA. The CWPUs can potentially replace wide range of part of petroleum‐based polymeric materials. In view of their good biodegradability and biocompatibility, the CWPUs are promising in biomedical applications.Castor oil‐based waterborne polyurethanes show highly tunable properties and excellent biocompatibility, which are promising in on‐demand biomedical applications.
Catalytic valorization of oil‐derived fatty esters via cross‐metathesis with nitriles
Authors: Nieres Pablo D. , Zelin Juan , Trasarti Andrés F. , Apesteguía Carlos R. 
Published: February 2016

The cross‐metathesis of methyl oleate with 3‐pentenenitrile to obtain 2‐undecene, methyl 9‐undecenoate, methyl 11‐cyano‐9‐undecenoate, and 3‐dodecenenitrile was studied at 323 K in a batch reactor using second‐generation Hoveyda–Grubbs (HG) catalysts. Self‐metathesis of methyl oleate was the main undesired secondary reaction. For a 3‐pentenenitrile/methyl oleate reactant ratio (R3PN/MO) of one, the yield () and selectivity () to cross‐metathesis products were 47 and 63%, respectively. The formation of cross‐metathesis products increased with increasing 3‐pentene initial concentrations, essentially because the reaction equilibrium was shifted to higher methyl oleate conversions. Thus, and were 74 and 83%, respectively, at R3PN/MO = 5. Nevertheless, the HG complex was significantly deactivated when high R3PN/MO values were employed.Practical applications: Metathesis reactions are becoming increasingly attractive in the oleochemistry industry because they offer novel routes for the valorisation of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) that are cheap feedstocks obtained by transesterification of natural oils and fats. Recently, the cross‐metathesis of FAME with functionalized olefins such as esters, allylchlorides, and nitriles has been investigated to obtain renewable α,ω‐bifunctional compounds. In particular, the cross metathesis of nitriles with FAME constitutes an attractive synthesis route toward the production of useful polyamide precursors from natural renewable resources. In this work we investigate the cross‐metathesis of methyl oleate with 3‐pentenenitrile, an internal unsaturated nitrile that does not contain conjugated CC and CN bonds. The results presented in this work show that high yields (74%) and selectivities (88%) to cross‐metathesis products are obtained using the second‐generation Hoveyda–Grubbs Ru catalyst.The cross‐metathesis of methyl oleate with 3‐pentenenitrile is studied using the second‐generation Hoveyda–Grubbs Ru complex as homogeneous catalyst. High yields (74%) and selectivities (88%) to cross‐metathesis products are obtained when pentenenitrile/methyl oleate ratios higher than 3 are employed.
Enantioselective Catalytic Domino Aza‐Michael–Henry Reactions: One‐Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Nitro‐1,2‐dihydroquinolines via Iminium Activation
Authors: Luo Hao , Yan Xilong , Chen Ligong , Li Yang , Liu Na , Yin Guohui 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAsymmetric transformations arising from iminium activation of aromatic aldehydes are uncommon. In this work, an enantioselective organocatalytic domino aza‐Michael–Henry reaction between N‐(2‐formylphenyl)sulfonamides and trans‐β‐nitro olefins through iminium activation has been presented. This reaction proceeded smoothly to give chiral 3‐nitro‐1,2‐dihydroquinolines in high yields with up to 88 % ee under mild conditions. Furthermore, a preliminary study showed that 2‐mercaptobenzaldehyde derivatives could participate in a thia‐Michael–Henry reaction with trans‐β‐nitro olefins to yield chiral 3‐nitro‐2H‐thiochromenes.
Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Organolithium Reagents to Aldehydes
Authors: Veguillas Marcos , Solà Ricard , Shaw Luke , Maciá Beatriz 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHerein we report an efficient catalytic system for the titanium‐promoted enantioselective addition of organolithium reagents to aldehydes, based on chiral Ar‐BINMOL ligands. Unprecedented yields and enantioselectivities are achieved in the alkylation reactions of aliphatic aldehydes. Remarkably, methyllithium can be added to a wide variety of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, providing versatile chiral methyl carbinol units in a simple one‐pot procedure under mild conditions and in very short reaction times.
Experimental pain sensitivity in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease at an early stage
Authors: Mylius V. , Pee S. , Pape H. , Teepker M. , Stamelou M. , Eggert K. , Lefaucheur J‐P. , Oertel W.H. , Möller J. C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundChronic spontaneous pain is a clinically relevant non‐motor symptom in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Experimental pain sensitivity, reflecting the mechanisms of nociception and pain perception leading to clinical pain, is known to be enhanced in both diseases at advanced stages. Also, this study aimed at investigating experimental pain sensitivity already at an early stage (i.e. symptom duration ≤5 years).MethodsExperimental pain sensitivity was assessed by investigating the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR, reflecting spinal nociception) and heat and electrical pain thresholds. ‘Off‐drug’ MSA (n = 11) and PD (n = 14) patients selected at an early stage of the disease were compared to healthy controls (HC, n = 27). MSA patients had either parkinsonian (MSA‐P, n = 5) or cerebellar (MSA‐C, n = 6) subtypes.ResultsCompared to HC, MSA patients had lower heat pain sensitivity, whereas PD patients had reduced NFR threshold. MSA and PD patients did not differ from HC regarding other variables. MSA‐P and MSA‐C patients did not differ, either.ConclusionsImpaired sensory discrimination and attention deficits could contribute to the reduced perception of heat pain in MSA, whereas in PD, local changes in spinal excitability or a diminished dopaminergic descending inhibition might impact on the motor efference of the NFR to reduce its threshold to nociceptive afferent information.What does this study add?This study investigated experimental pain sensitivity at an early stage in MSA and PD.
Positive feedback regulation between microRNA‐132 and CREB in spinal cord contributes to bone cancer pain in mice
Authors: Hou B. , Cui X. , Liu Y. , Zhang W. , Liu M. , Sun Y.E. , Ma Z. , Gu X. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundcAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB)‐dependent gene expression plays an important role in central sensitization. CREB‐regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) dramatically increase CREB‐mediated transcriptional activity. microRNA‐132 (miR‐132), which is highly CREB‐responsive, functions downstream from CREB/CRTC1 to mediate activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity and in turn loops back to amplify CREB/CRTC1 signalling. This study aimed to investigate the positive feedback regulation between miR‐132 and CREB in spinal cord in the maintenance of bone cancer pain.MethodsOsteosarcoma cells were implanted into the intramedullary space of the right femurs of C3H/HeNCrlVr mice to induce bone cancer pain. We further investigated effects of repeated intrathecal administration with Adenoviruses expressing CREB‐siRNA or miR‐132 antisense locked nucleic acid (LNA), respectively, on nociceptive behaviours and on the activity of CREB/CRTC1 signalling.ResultsIntramedullary inoculation of osteosarcoma cells resulted in up‐regulation of spinal p‐CREB, CRTC1 and CREB‐target genes (NR2B and miR‐132). Repeated intrathecal administration with Adenoviruses expressing CREB‐siRNA or miR‐132 LNA‐AS, respectively, attenuated bone cancer‐evoked pain behaviours, reduced the activity of CREB/CRTC1 signalling and down‐regulated CREB‐target gene NR2B expression in spinal cord.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that activation of spinal CREB/CRTC1 signalling may play an important role in bone cancer pain. Interruption to the positive feedback regulation between CREB/CRTC1 and its target gene miR‐132 can effectively relieved the bone cancer‐induced mechanical allodynia and spontaneous pain.What does this study add?The positive feedback regulation between CREB/CRTC1 and its target gene miR‐132 in spinal cord plays an important role in bone cancer pain.
The prokineticin Bv8 sensitizes cutaneous terminals of female mice to heat
Authors: Hoffmann T. , Negri L. , Maftei D. , Lattanzi R. , Reeh P.W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundInjection of the noxious peptide Bv8 has previously been shown to induce a biphasic thermal hyperalgesia in rodents, the first peak presumably due to peripheral sensitization. This hypothesis has never been directly confirmed. We have assessed whether Bv8 can indeed sensitize peripheral nerve fibres in the mouse to heat.MethodsWe used recordings from single cutaneous fibres, cutaneous calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) release and immunostaining in nerves and plantar skin to evaluate the Bv8 effects on cutaneous nerves.ResultsApplication of Bv8 at nanomolar concentrations (30–310 nmol/L) to skin preparations significantly increased the heat‐induced discharge, the heat‐induced afterdischarge and reduced threshold temperature of single unmyelinated polymodal fibres. Furthermore, application of Bv8 to hind‐paw skin flaps or trigeminal ganglia significantly elevated their heat‐induced CGRP release. Capsaicin‐induced and to a lesser extent also KCl‐induced CGRP releases were also augmented after Bv8 treatment. Immunohistochemistry revealed co‐localization of prokineticin 2 (Bv8 ortholog in rodents) and CGRP in both plantar skin and nerve tissues. These results confirm that Bv8 sensitizes cutaneous nerve endings to heat, partly, although not exclusively through TRPV1 activation.ConclusionOur results thus support the hypothesis that the first hyperalgesic phase to follow Bv8 injection to hind paws of intact animals is due to peripheral sensitization of nociceptors.What does this study add?Our data provide mechanistic insights into the effect Bv8 application exerts on afferent nerve endings and into the concomitant development of thermal hyperalgesia.
Mesoporous Nitrogen‐Rich Carbon as Metal‐free Anode Catalyst for Borohydride Fuel Cells
Authors: Tiwari Aarti , Nagaiah Tharamani C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA mesoporous carbon electrocatalyst rich in nitrogen was tested for its activity in borohydride electrochemical oxidation. This non‐noble, metal‐free, cost‐effective catalyst exhibits high current density and stability towards borohydride oxidation under highly alkaline conditions, even at elevated temperatures. The structure–activity relationship was also established for the differentially pyrolyzed mesoporous carbon electrocatalyst by electrochemical and physical characterization.