bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis thalianaMRE11 is essential for activation of cell cycle arrest, transcriptional regulation and DNA repair upon the induction of double‐stranded DNA breaks
Authors: Šamanić I. , Cvitanić R. , Simunić J. , Puizina J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGiven the fundamental role of MRE11 in many aspects of DNA metabolism and signalling in eukaryotes, we analysed the impact of several MRE11 mutations on DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair in Arabidopsis thaliana. Three different atmre11 and an atatm‐2 mutant lines, together with the wild type (WT), were compared using a new Arabidopsis genotoxic assay for in situ evaluation of genome integrity and DNA damage repair efficiency after double strand break (DSB) induction. The results showed that, despite the phenotypic differences and different lengths of the putative truncated AtMRE11 proteins, all three atmre11 and the atatm‐2 mutant lines exhibited common hypersensitivity to bleomycin treatment, where they only slightly reduced mitotic activity, indicating a G2/M checkpoint abrogation. In contrast to the WT, which reduced the frequency of chromosomal aberrations throughout the recovery period after treatment, none of the three atmre11 and atatm‐2 mutants recovered. Moreover, atmre11‐3 mutants, similarly to atatm‐2 mutants, failed to transcriptionally induce several DDR genes and had altered expression of the CYCB1;1::GUS protein. Nevertheless, numerous chromosomal fusions in the atmre11 mutants, observed after DNA damage induction, suggest intensive DNA repair activity. These results indicate that functional and full‐length AtMRE11 is essential for activation of the cell cycle arrest, transcriptional regulation and DNA repair upon induction of DSB.
Preventing (impulsive) errors: Electrophysiological evidence for online inhibitory control over incorrect responses
Authors: Burle Borís , van den Wildenberg Wery P. M. , Spieser Laure , Ridderinkhof K. Richard 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn a rich environment, with multiple action affordances, selective action inhibition is critical in preventing the execution of inappropriate responses. Here, we studied the origin and the dynamics of incorrect response inhibition and how it can be modulated by task demands. We used EEG in a conflict task where the probability of compatible and incompatible trials was varied. This allowed us to modulate the strength of the prepotent response, and hence to increase the risk of errors, while keeping the probability of the two responses equal. The correct response activation and execution was not affected by compatibility or by probability. In contrast, incorrect response inhibition in the primary motor cortex ipsilateral to the correct response was more pronounced on incompatible trials, especially in the condition where most of the trials were compatible, indicating a modulation of inhibitory strength within the course of the action. Two prefrontal activities, one medial and one lateral, were also observed before the response, and their potential links with the observed inhibitory pattern observed are discussed.
The Value of Information in Decision‐Analytic Modeling for Malaria Vector Control in East Africa
Authors: Kim Dohyeong , Brown Zachary , Anderson Richard , Mutero Clifford , Miranda Marie Lynn , Wiener Jonathan , Kramer Randall 
Published: March 2016

Decision analysis tools and mathematical modeling are increasingly emphasized in malaria control programs worldwide to improve resource allocation and address ongoing challenges with sustainability. However, such tools require substantial scientific evidence, which is costly to acquire. The value of information (VOI) has been proposed as a metric for gauging the value of reduced model uncertainty. We apply this concept to an evidenced‐based Malaria Decision Analysis Support Tool (MDAST) designed for application in East Africa. In developing MDAST, substantial gaps in the scientific evidence base were identified regarding insecticide resistance in malaria vector control and the effectiveness of alternative mosquito control approaches, including larviciding. We identify four entomological parameters in the model (two for insecticide resistance and two for larviciding) that involve high levels of uncertainty and to which outputs in MDAST are sensitive. We estimate and compare a VOI for combinations of these parameters in evaluating three policy alternatives relative to a status quo policy. We find having perfect information on the uncertain parameters could improve program net benefits by up to 5–21%, with the highest VOI associated with jointly eliminating uncertainty about reproductive speed of malaria‐transmitting mosquitoes and initial efficacy of larviciding at reducing the emergence of new adult mosquitoes. Future research on parameter uncertainty in decision analysis of malaria control policy should investigate the VOI with respect to other aspects of malaria transmission (such as antimalarial resistance), the costs of reducing uncertainty in these parameters, and the extent to which imperfect information about these parameters can improve payoffs.
Alternative Food Networks and the Labor of Food Provisioning: A Third Shift?
Authors: Som Castellano Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractScholars have increasingly examined the sphere of consumption in alternative food networks (AFNs). However, research has largely overlooked women's experiences as food provisioners. This is problematic, as AFNs prescribe practices that could be expanding women's food provisioning labor. This article addresses this gap in the literature by examining how the physical labor of food provisioning varies for women engaged in AFNs relative to those not engaged in AFNs, and how diverse AFNs as well as socioeconomic status (SES) influence the labor of food provisioning for women engaged in AFNs. Using data from the 2012 Ohio Survey of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Issues, I demonstrate that women engaged in AFNs, relative to women not engaged in AFNs, exert more physical labor in food provisioning, that prioritizing local food systems involves more physical labor than prioritizing organic foods, and that women with lower household incomes who prioritize organic foods exert greater physical labor in food provisioning than women with higher incomes who prioritize organic foods. I conclude by arguing that women who prioritize local food systems are engaging in a third shift and that greater attention should be paid to the role of SES in shaping women's experiences as food provisioners in AFNs.
Healthy Preterm Newborns Show an Increased Frequency of CD4+CD25highCD127lowFOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells with a Naive Phenotype and High Expression of Gut‐Homing Receptors
Authors: Rennó C. , Nadaf M. I. V. , Zago C. A. , Carneiro‐Sampaio M. , Palmeira P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTreg cells are crucial to prevent immune dysregulation, but little is known about the frequency of these cells in neonates, particularly in very/moderate and late preterm newborns studied as separate groups. The CD4+CD25hiCD127loFOXP3+Treg population was phenotypically characterized to assess maturation markers and gut‐homing integrins by flow cytometry in the cord blood of healthy preterm newborns born at 30–336/7 gestation weeks (Group 1), at 34–366/7 gestation weeks (Group 2) and term newborns born at 37–41 gestation weeks (Group 3), compared to healthy adults. An inverse correlation of the Treg percentage and gestational age was found, with significantly higher frequencies in Group 1 compared to Groups 2 and 3 and in Group 2 compared to Group 3, and significantly higher Treg frequencies and numbers in the neonates compared to the adults. All of the newborns exhibited increased Treg frequencies with a naive phenotype compared to adults. Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 CTLA‐4 expression in the naive Treg was decreased in both preterm groups compared with those from term newborns and adults, and in the memory Treg from Group 1 compared with the other groups. The frequencies of Treg expressing α4β7 and α4β1 integrins were higher in both preterm groups, but significantly different only in Group 1, when compared with those from the term newborns and the adults. In conclusion, although a high frequency of Treg is present in newborns, an immature phenotype with a higher expression of CD45RA and α4β7/α4β1 and a lower expression of CTLA‐4 is found, particularly in the very preterm group.
Quality of red cells after combination of prion reduction and treatment with the intercept system for pathogen inactivation
Authors: Wiltshire M. , Meli A. , Schott MA , Erickson A. , Mufti N. , Thomas S. , Cardigan R. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYBackground and objectivesThe pathogen inactivation (PI) INTERCEPT Blood System for Red Blood Cells utilises amustaline (S‐303) to inactivate a broad range of pathogens in red cell concentrates (RCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on red cell quality of INTERCEPT treatment with and without prion reduction.Methods/materialsFive pools of five RCC each were prepared. These were split and treated as follows: (i) stored at 2–6 °C for 18 h, (ii) stored at 18–24 °C for 18 h, (iii) PI‐treated, (iv) PI‐treated then prion reduced and (v) prion reduced then PI‐treated. Prior to storage, PI‐treated RCC underwent an exchange step to remove S‐303 and other breakdown products. Components were tested throughout 35 days of storage for in vitro parameters of red cell quality.ResultsAll RCC met specification for volume and haemoglobin content. Haemolysis, microvesicle formation, supernatant potassium and deformability were lower and ATP levels higher in PI‐treated units when compared with control units. The effect of prion reduction in addition to PI treatment was minimal in all parameters tested except haemolysis, which was increased in units prion‐reduced after being PI‐treated.ConclusionThe PI‐treatment process did not increase red cell haemolysis or decrease ATP levels over storage. The lower haemolysis and supernatant potassium levels in treated RCC compared with control RCC were attributed to the exchange step. The effects of combining PI treatment and prion reduction were not more than additive when prion reduction precedes PI treatment.
Extending the biosynthetic repertoires of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts
Authors: Nielsen Agnieszka Zygadlo , Mellor Silas Busck , Vavitsas Konstantinos , Wlodarczyk Artur Jacek , Gnanasekaran Thiyagarajan , Perestrello Ramos H de Jesus Maria , King Brian Christopher , Bakowski Kamil , Jensen Poul Erik 
Published: March 2016

SummaryChloroplasts in plants and algae and photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria are emerging hosts for sustainable production of valuable biochemicals, using only inorganic nutrients, water, CO2 and light as inputs. In the past decade, many bioengineering efforts have focused on metabolic engineering and synthetic biology in the chloroplast or in cyanobacteria for the production of fuels, chemicals and complex, high‐value bioactive molecules. Biosynthesis of all these compounds can be performed in photosynthetic organelles/organisms by heterologous expression of the appropriate pathways, but this requires optimization of carbon flux and reducing power, and a thorough understanding of regulatory pathways. Secretion or storage of the compounds produced can be exploited for the isolation or confinement of the desired compounds. In this review, we explore the use of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria as biosynthetic compartments and hosts, and we estimate the levels of production to be expected from photosynthetic hosts in light of the fraction of electrons and carbon that can potentially be diverted from photosynthesis. The supply of reducing power, in the form of electrons derived from the photosynthetic light reactions, appears to be non‐limiting, but redirection of the fixed carbon via precursor molecules presents a challenge. We also discuss the available synthetic biology tools and the need to expand the molecular toolbox to facilitate cellular reprogramming for increased production yields in both cyanobacteria and chloroplasts.
Nannizziopsis guarroi infection in 2 Inland Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps): clinical, cytologic, histologic, and ultrastructural aspects
Authors: Le Donne Viviana , Crossland Nicholas , Brandão João , Sokolova Yuliya , Fowlkes Natalie , Nevarez Javier G. , Langohr Ingeborg M. , Gaunt Stephen D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChrysosporium‐related infections have been increasingly reported in reptiles over the last 2 decades. In this report, we describe clinical, cytologic, histopathologic, and ultrastructural aspects of Chrysosporium‐related infection in 2 Inland Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps). Case 1 was presented for an enlarging raised lesion over the left eye and multiple additional masses over the dorsum. Case 2 was submitted to necropsy by the referring veterinarian for suspected yellow fungus disease. Impression smears of the nodules in case 1 revealed granulomatous to pyogranulomatous inflammation and many septate, variably long, 4–10 μm wide, often undulated hyphae, and very rare conidia. Postmortem impression smears of the superficial lesions of case 2 contained large numbers of solitary conidia and arthroconidia and low numbers of hyphae with similar morphology to case 1. Histopathology of the 2 cases revealed severe, multifocal, chronic, ulcerative, nodular pyogranulomatous dermatitis, with myriad intralesional septate hyphae, and arthroconidia. Fungal culture and molecular sequencing in both cases indicated infection with Nannizziopsis guarroi.
A WHO reference reagent to standardize haemagglutination testing for anti‐A and anti‐B in serum and plasma: international collaborative study to evaluate a candidate preparation
Authors: Thorpe S. J. , Fox B. , Sharp G. , White J. , Milkins C. 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate a lyophilized serum preparation, 14/300, for its suitability to serve as a World Health Organization (WHO) Reference Reagent to standardize and control haemagglutination titrations for anti‐A and anti‐B in serum and plasma, in an international collaborative study.Materials and MethodsSerum preparation 14/300 and two plasma‐based reserve preparations, 14/304 (high titre anti‐A) and 14/208 (high titre anti‐B), were titrated by 24 laboratories in 13 countries using direct (DRT) and indirect (IAT) haemagglutination techniques.ResultsThere was eightfold to 64‐fold variation in reported titres per preparation and method across laboratories, that is, titres extended over 4–7 dilutions, although intralaboratory variability was generally good, with over 90% of replicate titres within a twofold range. There was a reduction in interlaboratory variability when titres of the reserve preparations were adjusted relative to those of the candidate Reference Reagent.ConclusionThe establishment of 14/300 as a WHO Reference Reagent for high titre anti‐A and anti‐B in serum, with nominal anti‐A and anti‐B titres of 128 for DRT, and nominal anti‐A and anti‐B titres of 256 for IAT, will facilitate global standardization of haemagglutination titrations for anti‐A and anti‐B in patient samples and blood components.
Effect of the Proximal Abducting Ulnar Osteotomy on Intra‐Articular Pressure Distribution and Contact Mechanics of Congruent and Incongruent Canine Elbows Ex Vivo
Authors: McConkey Marina J. , Valenzano Dominick M. , Wei Alexander , Li Ting , Thompson Margret S. , Mohammed Hussni O. , van der Meulen Marjolein C. H. , Krotscheck Ursula 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of the Proximal Abducting Ulnar Osteotomy (PAUL) on contact pressures of congruent and incongruent (short radius) canine elbows.Study DesignEx vivo biomechanical study.Sample PopulationUnpaired normal cadaveric canine forelimbs (n=16).MethodsA servohydraulic testing frame and thin‐film sensors were utilized to measure intra‐articular contact area (CA), mean contact pressure (mCP), and peak contact pressure (pCP) for medial and lateral elbow compartments. Percent contribution of the medial compartment relative to the whole (%Med) was also examined. Baseline data were collected in 9 congruent elbows and 7 incongruent elbows where the radius was shortened. Both sets of elbows were tested following ulnar osteotomy and sequential placement of 2 and 3 mm PAUL plates and paw repositioning (to account for any medial to lateral shift of transarticular forces). Paired t‐tests compared sequential procedural steps. P<.05 was significant.ResultsFor congruent elbows, the 2 mm PAUL plate decreased CA in both compartments compared to baseline; lateral pCP increased with subsequent paw repositioning. Induction of radio‐ulnar incongruity decreased CA and increased mCP medially, decreased pCP laterally, and increased %MedCA and %MedmCP compared to baseline. Both PAUL plates decreased mCP and pCP medially, with no effect laterally. Paw repositioning had no effect.ConclusionThe PAUL procedure had no effect on medial compartment pressure in the congruent elbow. It may ameliorate increased medial compartment pressure in the incongruent elbow. This change does not result from a medial to lateral compartmental shift and deserves further investigation.
Efficacy of Two Radiologic‐Assisted Prophylactic Gastropexy Techniques
Authors: Balsa Ingrid M. , Culp William T. N. , Johnson Eric G. , Glaiberman Craig B. , Grimes Millie , Mayhew Philipp D. , Palm Carrie A. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo describe the technique and clinical outcome of prophylactic percutaneous radiologic‐assisted gastropexy (PRG) and radiologic‐assisted incisional gastropexy (RIG) in client‐owned dogs.Study DesignProspective, nonrandomized clinical trial.AnimalsFourteen client‐owned, large, and giant breed dogs.MethodsFour dogs underwent PRG with fluoroscopic guidance to place 2 T‐fasteners into the pyloric antrum and secure it to the right body wall. Ten dogs underwent RIG, which was a modification of PRG. For RIG, the T‐fasteners were first used to approximate the pyloric antrum and body wall, then a full thickness incision through the body wall was made and the pyloric antrum was sutured to the internal abdominal wall. The duration and complications of each procedure were recorded. The gastropexy was assessed by abdominal ultrasound at day 1, week 2, and week 8 postoperative and by barium gastrogram at week 8 postoperative.ResultsNo dogs undergoing PRG had a gastropexy present at week 2. All dogs undergoing RIG had ultrasonographic evidence of gastropexy at day 1, week 2, and week 8 postoperative. Gastrograms in 9/9 dogs were consistent with an intact gastropexy, appropriate gastric positioning and appropriate gastric emptying began. No major complications were noted.ConclusionThe PRG was unsatisfactory and did not result in a permanent gastropexy. The RIG was safe and created a gastropexy that remained intact at 8 weeks postoperative. The RIG should be considered as a minimally invasive option for prophylactic gastropexy in dogs of at‐risk breeds.
Bilateral Superior Labial Mucosal Transposition Flaps to Correct Stenosis of the Nares Following Bilateral Rostral Maxillectomy Combined with Nasal Planum Resection in a Dog
Authors: Séguin Bernard , Steinke Julia R. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo describe a technique using labial mucosal flaps to correct stenosis of the nares subsequent to bilateral rostral maxillectomy and nasal planum resection.Study DesignCase reportAnimalsClient‐owned dog.MethodsA 10‐year‐old, neutered male Golden Retriever developed repeated stenosis of the nares, at first after bilateral rostral maxillectomy and nasal planum resection, and again after revision surgery. Bilateral, superior labial mucosal transposition flaps were created and interpolated between the nasal mucosa and skin after debridement of scar tissue.ResultsThe stenosis did not recur after mucosal flap transposition and the dog returned to normal quality of life (last follow‐up 25 months postoperative).ConclusionSingle‐stage, superior labial mucosal transposition flaps can be used to correct nares stenosis subsequent to previous surgery.
Atorvastatin improves renal organic anion transporter 3 and renal function in gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Jaikumkao Krit , Pongchaidecha Anchalee , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chatsudthipong Varanuj , Promsan Sasivimon , Arjinajarn Phatchawan , Lungkaphin Anusorn 
Published: March 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
This study was designed to determine the renoprotective effects of atorvastatin treatment in an experimental model of gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity through modulating the Nrf2 pathway by decreasing the oxidative stress.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Atorvastatin exerts a nephroprotective effect by attenuating oxidative stress, protecting renal function and renal organic anion transporter 3 function from the effects of gentamicin. Atorvastatin might protect the tissues via its antioxidant property and by modulating the antioxidant enzymes through the Nrf2 signalling pathway, which may be the underlying mechanisms of these protective effects.
Recent evidence demonstrates that statins, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, exert not only lipid‐lowering effects but also antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects. Nephrotoxicity, a serious side‐effect of gentamicin, is related to an increase in reactive oxygen species in the kidney. This study was designed to determine the renoprotective effects of atorvastatin treatment in an experimental model of gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were used. Nephrotocixity was induced by i.p. injection of gentamicin, 100 mg kg−1 day−1, for 15 days. Atorvastatin, 10 mg kg−1 day−1, was administered by gavage 30 min before gentamicin injection (pretreatment) for 15 days or only on days 10–15 (post‐treatment). Renal function and renal organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) function and expression were examined. Gentamicin‐treated rats demonstrated impaired renal function by attenuation of creatinine clearance and increased oxidative stress. Gentamicin treatment also decreased renal Oat3 function and expression as shown by decreased [3H]estrone sulfate uptake into renal cortical slices and decreased expression. The protein expressions of protein kinase C, Nrf2, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, haeme oxygenase 1 and glutamate–cysteine ligase were markedly increased in gentamicin‐treated rats, indicating the increase in oxidative stress. Administration of atorvastatin improved renal function and alleviated oxidative stress, and atorvastatin pretreatment had a greater ability to decrease oxidative stress than atorvastatin post‐treatment. These effects helped to preserve renal function and Oat3 function and expression. These results indicate that atorvastatin has a renoprotective effect against gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity by decreasing overoxidation in the kidney, and might be used in conjunction with gentamicin to protect against renal damage.