bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Three-wall Bony Defect along Various Root Surfaces on Position of Center of Resistance: A 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Chachada Achint Devendra , Hazarey PV , Aley Mrunal Shyam , Atram Harish Keshaorao , Kharche Asmita 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Increase in adult orthodontic patients has increased the challenges faced by orthodontists, as they often present themselves with a varying degree of dental and periodontal compromise, in which the entire orthodontic treatment planning will revolve around maintenance and augmentation of supporting apparatus. One of the many factors to be considered during treating an adult patient is the height of alveolar bone and its effect on center of resistance (CRes).

Materials and methods
Eight 3D analytical models of upper central incisor were designed using ‘Solid Works Office Premium’. The models were subjected to 3 and 6 mm bone loss along all four surfaces, i.e. labial, lingual, mesial and distal. One Newton of retraction force was applied on labial surface of tooth on model number 1, 2, 5 and 6 and 1N of distalization force was applied to model number 3, 4, 7 and 8. The relative location of the CRes to the total root length was taken as 41.8% of total root length from the root apex. The ANSYS software was used to evaluate the change in CRes on all the models.

Results
It was observed that CRes shifted apically from its relative location (41.8% from apex); however, this shift was clinically insignificant. Minimum deflection of CRes, 0.0122 mm, was seen when a distalization force was applied on model with 6 mm bone loss on distal surface, while maximum deflection of 0.0245 mm was seen when retraction force was applied on model with 6 mm bone loss on labial surface.

Conclusion
The resultant displacement in position of center of resistance is negligible; hence, there is no need of changing biomechanics during orthodontic treatment for a tooth with three wall infrabony defects. However, it is necessary to further study other infrabony defects like two wall or one wall defect, and their effect on position of CRes.

How to cite this article
Chachada AD, Hazarey PV, Aley MS, Atram HK, Kharche A. Effect of Three-wall Bony Defect along Various Root Surfaces on Position of Center of Resistance: A 3D Finite Element Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8): 688-691.
An Intraoperative Site-specific Bone Density Device: A Pilot Test Case
Authors: Stefano Danilo Alessio Di , Arosio Paolo , Moschioni Monica , Banfi Luca Maria 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAimThis paper reports a case of all-on-four rehabilitation where bone density at implant sites was assessed both through preoperative computed tomographic (CT) scans and using a micromotor working as an intraoperative bone density measurement device.BackgroundImplant-supported rehabilitation is a predictable treatment option for tooth replacement whose success depends on the clinician's experience, the implant characteristics and location and patient-related factors. Among the latter, bone density is a determinant for the achievement of primary implant stability and, eventually, for implant success. The ability to measure bone density at the placement site before implant insertion could be important in the clinical setting.Case descriptionA patient complaining of masticatory impairment was presented with a plan calling for extraction of all her compromised teeth, followed by implant rehabilitation. A week before surgery, she underwent CT examination, and the bone density on the CT scans was measured. When the implant osteotomies were created, the bone density was again measured with a micromotor endowed with an instantaneous torque-measuring system. The implant placement protocols were adapted for each implant, according to the intraoperative measurements, and the patient was rehabilitated following an all-on-four immediate loading protocol.ConclusionThe bone density device provided valuable information beyond that obtained from CT scans, allowing for site-specific, intraoperative assessment of bone density immediately before implant placement and an estimation of primary stability just after implant insertion.Clinical significanceMeasuring jaw-bone density could help clinicians to select implant-placement protocols and loading strategies based on site-specific bone featureHow to cite this articleArosio P, Moschioni M, Banfi LM, Di Stefano DA. An Intraoperative Site-specific Bone Density Device: A Pilot Test Case. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8): 697-703.
Estimation of defect activation energy around pn interfaces of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells using impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Sakakura Hidenori , Itagaki Masayuki , Sugiyama Mutsumi 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We investigate the defect activation energy around the pn interface of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS)-based solar cells using a simple electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. By applying AC and DC voltages to the solar cells, we observed an “inductive” element around the pn interface, which is ignored in conventional deep-level transient spectroscopy or admittance spectroscopy. A defect model is evaluated by proposing an equivalent circuit that includes a positive/negative constant phase element (CPE) to represent the area around the CdS/CIGS interface. By fitting the impedance data, the CPE index and CPE constant show a relationship with the defect activation energy or defect concentration. This result is significant because it may help reveal the defect properties of CIGS solar cells or any other semiconductor devices.
Effective surface treatment for GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors using HF plus N2 plasma prior to SiN passivation
Authors: Liu Shih-Chien , Trinh Hai-Dang , Dai Gu-Ming , Huang Chung-Kai , Dee Chang-Fu , Majlis Burhanuddin Yeop , Biswas Dhrubes , Chang Edward Yi 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
An effective surface cleaning technique is demonstrated for the GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistor (MIS-HEMT) passivation process. In this study, dilute HF solution and in situ N2 plasma treatments were adopted to remove the native oxide and recover the nitrogen-vacancy defects at the GaN surface before device passivation. To investigate the correlation between the properties of the SiN/GaN interface and the device performance, the GaN MIS-HEMTs were characterized using current–voltage (I–V) measurement, capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurement, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. With the application of this surface treatment technique, the device exhibits improved I–V characteristics with low leakage current, low dynamic ON-resistance, and good C–V response with a steep slope. Overall, the results reveal that the oxide-related bonds and nitrogen-vacancy defects at the SiN/GaN interface are the root cause of the GaN MIS-HEMTs performance degradation.
Empirical model of lower band chorus wave distribution in the outer radiation belt
Authors: Agapitov O. V. , Artemyev A. V. , Mourenas D. , Mozer F. S. , Krasnoselskikh V. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAccurate modeling of wave‐particle interactions in the radiation belts requires detailed information on wave amplitudes and wave‐normal angular distributions over L shells, magnetic latitudes, magnetic local times, and for various geomagnetic activity conditions. In this work, we develop a new and comprehensive parametric model of VLF chorus waves amplitudes and obliqueness in the outer radiation belt using statistics of VLF measurements performed in the chorus frequency range during 10 years (2001–2010) aboard the Cluster spacecraft. We used data from the Spatio‐Temporal Analysis of Field Fluctuations‐Spectrum Analyzer experiment, which spans a total frequency range from 8 Hz to 4 kHz. The statistical model is presented in the form of an analytical function of latitude and Kp (or Dst) index for day and night sectors of the magnetosphere and for two ranges of L shells above the plasmapause, from L = 4 to 5 and from L = 5 to 7. This model can be directly applied for numerical calculations of charged particle pitch angle and energy diffusion coefficients in the outer radiation belt, allowing to study with unprecedented detail their statistical properties as well as their important spatiotemporal variations with geomagnetic activity.
InSAR bias and uncertainty due to the systematic and stochastic tropospheric delay
Authors: Fattahi Heresh , Amelung Falk 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe quantify the bias and uncertainty of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) displacement time series and their derivatives, the displacement velocities, by analyzing the systematic and stochastic components of the temporal variation of the tropospheric delay. The biases due to the systematic seasonal delay depend on the SAR acquisition times, whereas the uncertainties depend on the standard deviation of the random delay, the number of acquisitions, the total time span covered, and the covariance of the time series of the stochastic delay between a pixel and the reference. We study the contribution of the wet delay to the InSAR observations along the western India plate boundary using (i) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer precipitable water vapor, (ii) stratified tropospheric delay estimated from the ERA‐I global atmospheric model, and (iii) seven Envisat InSAR swaths. Our analysis indicates that the amplitudes of the annual delay vary by up to ~10 cm in this region equivalent to a maximum displacement bias of ~24 cm in InSAR line of sight direction between two epochs (assuming Envisat IS6 beam mode). The stratified tropospheric delay correction mitigates this bias and reduces the scatter due to the stochastic delay. For ~7 years of Envisat acquisitions along the western India plate boundary, the uncertainty of the InSAR velocity field due to the residual stochastic wet delay after stratified tropospheric delay correction using the ERA‐I model is in the order of ~2 mm/yr over 100 km and ~4 mm/yr over 400 km. We discuss the implication of the derived uncertainties on the full variance‐covariance matrix of the InSAR data.
Winter/summer transition in the Antarctic mesopause region
Authors: Lübken F.‐J. , Höffner J. , Viehl T. P. , Becker E. , Latteck R. , Kaifler B. , Murphy D. J. , Morris R. J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA new set of temperature data with unprecedented resolution and accuracy has been obtained from Fe lidar measurements at Davis, Antarctica (69°S). Here we concentrate on the months of the winter/summer transition (November to February) where we have collected a total of 1305 h of observations in the three seasons 2010/2011, 2011/2012, and 2012/2013. The temporal development of temperatures around the mesopause in 2012/2013 is rather similar to the Northern Hemisphere (NH), whereas the other seasons are significantly different, exhibiting, e.g., an unusual higher and colder mesopause around solstice (elevated summer mesopause). During this exceptional period mean daily mesopause heights and temperatures are approximately 92.0 ± 0.5 km and 125 K, respectively. The seasonal variation of temperatures in the mesopause region is closely related to the circulation in the stratosphere which exhibits an early (late) vortex breakdown in 2012/2013 (2010/2011). The situation is more complicated in 2011/2012. The early (late) transition in the mesopause region is accompanied by an early (late) appearance of polar mesosphere summer echoes. Zonal winds as measured by an MF radar also show systematic differences with westward winds reaching up to very high altitudes (nearly 100 km) for the late transition in 2010/2011 and to more common heights (∼90 km) for the early transition in 2012/2013. A mesopause being higher and colder compared to the NH (as occasionally observed at Davis) cannot be achieved by standard models. More sophisticated characterization of gravity wave forcing might be required.
Information content of MOPITT CO profile retrievals: Temporal and geographical variability
Authors: Deeter M. N. , Edwards D. P. , Gille J. C. , Worden H. M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSatellite measurements of tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) enable a wide array of applications including studies of air quality and pollution transport. The MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) instrument on the Earth Observing System Terra platform has been measuring CO concentrations globally since March 2000. As indicated by the Degrees of Freedom for Signal (DFS), the standard metric for trace‐gas retrieval information content, MOPITT retrieval performance varies over a wide range. We show that both instrumental and geophysical effects yield significant geographical and temporal variability in MOPITT DFS values. Instrumental radiance uncertainties, which describe random errors (or “noise”) in the calibrated radiances, vary over long time scales (e.g., months to years) and vary between the four detector elements of MOPITT's linear detector array. MOPITT retrieval performance depends on several factors including thermal contrast, fine‐scale variability of surface properties, and CO loading. The relative importance of these various effects is highly variable, as demonstrated by analyses of monthly mean DFS values for the United States and the Amazon Basin. An understanding of the geographical and temporal variability of MOPITT retrieval performance is potentially valuable to data users seeking to limit the influence of the a priori through data filtering. To illustrate, it is demonstrated that calculated regional‐average CO mixing ratios may be improved by excluding observations from a subset of pixels in MOPITT's linear detector array.
Templated Atom‐Precise Galvanic Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of a [Ag24Au(SR)18]− Nanocluster
Authors: Bootharaju Megalamane S. , Joshi Chakra P. , Parida Manas R. , Mohammed Omar F. , Bakr Osman M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSynthesis of atom‐precise alloy nanoclusters with uniform composition is challenging when the alloying atoms are similar in size (for example, Ag and Au). A galvanic exchange strategy has been devised to produce a compositionally uniform [Ag24Au(SR)18]− cluster (SR: thiolate) using a pure [Ag25(SR)18]− cluster as a template. Conversely, the direct synthesis of Ag24Au cluster leads to a mixture of [Ag25−xAux(SR)18]−, x=1–8. Mass spectrometry and crystallography of [Ag24Au(SR)18]− reveal the presence of the Au heteroatom at the Ag25 center, forming Ag24Au. The successful exchange of the central Ag of Ag25 with Au causes perturbations in the Ag25 crystal structure, which are reflected in the absorption, luminescence, and ambient stability of the particle. These properties are compared with those of Ag25 and Ag24Pd clusters with same ligand and structural framework, providing new insights into the modulation of cluster properties with dopants at the single‐atom level.
Anion Recognition in Water: Recent Advances from a Supramolecular and Macromolecular Perspective
Authors: Langton Matthew J. , Serpell Christopher J. , Beer Paul D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe recognition of anions in water remains a key challenge in modern supramolecular chemistry, and is essential if proposed applications in biological, medical, and environmental arenas that typically require aqueous conditions are to be achieved. However, synthetic anion receptors that operate in water have, in general, been the exception rather than the norm to date. Nevertheless, a significant step change towards routinely conducting anion recognition in water has been achieved in the past few years, and this Review highlights these approaches, with particular focus on controlling and using the hydrophobic effect, as well as more exotic interactions such as C−H hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding. We also look beyond the field of small‐molecule recognition into the macromolecular domain, covering recent advances in anion recognition based on biomolecules, polymers, and nanoparticles.
Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Phase Diagrams: Fifty Years of Research
Authors: Halperin Avraham , Kröger Martin , Winnik Françoise M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn 1968, Heskins and Guillet published the first systematic study of the phase diagram of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), at the time a “young polymer” first synthesized in 1956. Since then, PNIPAM became the leading member of the growing families of thermoresponsive polymers and of stimuli‐responsive, “smart” polymers in general. Its thermal response is unanimously attributed to its phase behavior. Yet, in spite of 50 years of research, a coherent quantitative picture remains elusive. In this Review we survey the reported phase diagrams, discuss the differences and comment on theoretical ideas regarding their possible origins. We aim to alert the PNIPAM community to open questions in this reputably mature domain.
Crystallization kinetics and morphology of poly(ethylene suberate)
Authors: Qiu Shoutian , Qiu Zhaobin 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe crystallization kinetics and morphology of poly(ethylene suberate) (PESub) were studied in detail with differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The Avrami equation could describe the overall isothermal melt crystallization kinetics of PESub at different crystallization temperatures; moreover, the overall crystallization rate of PESub decreased with increasing crystallization temperature. The equilibrium melting point of PESub was determined to be 70.8°C. Ring‐banded spherulites and a crystallization regime II to III transition were found for PESub. The Tobin equation could describe the nonisothermal melt crystallization kinetics of PESub at different cooling rates, while the Ozawa equation failed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43086.
Fabrication of a tunable hydrogel membrane for constructing indirect cell coculture system
Authors: Song Yizhe , Zheng Guoshuang , Zhang Demeng , Lv Yan , Li Na , Wang Xiuli , Yu Weiting , Ma Xiaojun 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, an improved indirect cell coculture system was constructed by using a polyelectrolyte complex membrane generated by alginate (A) and chitosan (C). Methodologies of characterizing thickness and permeability of flat AC membrane were first established due to the importance of these two parameters in determining intercellular distance and degree of contact between cocultured cells. Compared to reaction time, both alginate concentration and molecular weight (Mw) of chitosan play more dominant roles in determining the membrane thickness and diffusion coefficients. Moreover, cells in the alginate gel and on the AC membrane could maintain high cell viability. Thus, an improved indirect cell coculture system constructed by flat AC membrane was fabricated and characterized, which provides a robust tool to study the effect of intercellular distance and degree of contact between cocultured cells on cell–cell interactions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43100.
Existence and Verification for Decentralized Nondeterministic Discrete‐Event Systems Under Bisimulation Equivalence
Authors: Liu Fuchun , Zhao Rui , Tan Taizhe , Zhang Qiansheng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we study the decentralized control problem for nondeterministic discrete‐event systems (DESs) under bisimulation equivalence. In order to exactly achieve the desired specification in the sense of bisimulation equivalence, we present a synchronous composition for the supervised system based on the simulation relation between the specification and the plant. After introducing the notions of simulation‐based controllability and simulation‐based coobservability, we present the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a decentralized supervisor such that the controlled system is bisimilar to the specification, and an algorithm for verifying the simulation‐based coobservability is proposed by constructing a computational tree.
An HPLC‐ECD method for monoamines and metabolites quantification in cuttlefish (cephalopod) brain tissue
Authors: Bidel Flavie , Corvaisier Sophie , Jozet‐Alves Christelle , Pottier Ivannah , Dauphin François , Naud Nadège , Bellanger Cécile 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe cuttlefish belongs to the mollusk class Cephalopoda, considered as the most advanced marine invertebrates and thus widely used as models to study the biology of complex behaviors and cognition, as well as their related neurochemical mechanisms. Surprisingly, methods to quantify the biogenic monoamines and their metabolites in cuttlefish brain remain sparse and measure a limited number of analytes. This work aims to validate an HPLC‐ECD method for the simultaneous quantification of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and their main metabolites in cuttlefish brain. In comparison and in order to develop a method suitable to answer both ecological and biomedical questions, the validation was also carried out on a phylogenetically remote species: mouse (mammals). The method was shown to be accurate, precise, selective, repeatable and sensitive over a wide range of concentrations for 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid, serotonin, dopamine, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and norepinephrine in the both extracts of cuttlefish and mouse brain, though with low precision and recovery for 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenylethylene glycol. Homovanillic acid, accurately studied in rodents, was not detectable in the brain of cuttlefish. Overall, we described here the first fully validated HPLC method for the routine measurement of both monoamines and metabolites in cuttlefish brain. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive compression of animated 3D models by optimized weighted blending of key‐frames
Authors: Hajizadeh Mohammadali , Ebrahimnezhad Hossein 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEfficient compression techniques are required for animated mesh sequences with fixed connectivity and time‐varying geometry. In this paper, we propose a key‐frame‐based technique for three‐dimensional dynamic mesh compression. First, key‐frames are extracted from the animated sequence. Extracted key‐frames are then linearly combined using blending weights to predict the vertex locations of the other frames. These blending weights play a key role in the proposed algorithm because the prediction performance and the required number of key‐frames greatly depend on these weights. We present a novel method in order to compute the optimum blending weight that makes it possible to predict location of the vertices of the non‐key frames with the minimum number of key‐frames. The residual prediction errors are finally quantized and encoded using Huffman coding and another heuristic method. Experimental results on different test sequences with various sizes, topologies, and geometries demonstrate the privileged performance of the proposed method compared with the previous techniques. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.