bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrographic contribution on the larimar host rock (Dominican Republic) and some notes about its origen
Authors: Alvarado G. E. , Verdeja E. , Rodríguez J. , Barrantes M. 
Published: October 2017

Larimar is an ornamental and semiprecious stone known worldwide as being iconic of the Dominican Republic. This rock is composed mainly of pectolite, usually seen associated with natrolite and calcite, as well as carbonaceous material, chalcocite and hematites. Sometimes, disseminations such as native copper, also occur amongst several other minerals. The rock crops out in a very small area (< 0.3 km2 , Los Checheses-Los Chupaderos mine or simply the Larimar mine) as a result of the transpressional movement of the Arroyo Seco fault which exposed the basement. The host rock is composed mainly of olivine basaltic lava flows (15 - 18% olivine, 6 - 8% pyroxene, 5 - 10% plagioclase and < 1% opaque minerals in a 64 to 72% groundmass), as well as related basaltic breccias. These volcanic rocks are strongly altered (by hydrothermal, tectonic and weathering processes) at different scales. Olivine phenocrysts were highly serpentinized and altered to iddingsite; pyroxene phenocrysts have some degrees of argillization and sericite; and carbonate has formed minerals from plagioclase crystals. Clays and quartz veinlets are also present as secondary minerals. Pectolite and natrolite minerals fill open spaces in the volcanic rock (vesicules, fractures, cavities, crustification and comb structure vugs) and substitute organic pieces (wood) by an epygenic process as a result of temperatures of 200°- 340°C, during a phyllic epithermal transition to mesothermal (quarz-sericitic) alteration. Larimar is not just a unique gemstone but it is also a very rare petrification process. Therefore we propose the term xilolarimar. The formation environment is suggested to be an oceanic island construction prior to the Eocene time, probably Late Cretaceous. Further studies are necessary to understand the blue pectolite (a colour mainly linked to Mn, V and Cu), its formation mode and its petrogenic environment.
PERBANDINGAN UJI TOKSISITAS FITOESTROGEN PADA GINJAL TIKUS (Sprangue dawley) YANG DIINDUKSI DAIDZEIN DAN AIR PERASAN UMBI BENGKUANG (Pachyrhizus erosus)
Authors: Irmawati Farizha , Novi Primiani Cicilia 
Published: October 2017

Fitoestrogen suatu senyawa yang banyak ditemukan di lingkungan sekitar dan diketahui dapat mengacaukan keseimbangan sistem hormon binatang maupun manusiaFitoestrogen dapat terakumulasi dalam tubuh, secara prinsip untuk penggunaan fitofarmaka secara luas, memerlukan uji praklinik untuk mengetahui tingkat keamanannya secara pasti. Toksisitas merupakan sifat bawaan suatu zat, bentuk dan tingkat manifestasi toksiknya pada suatu organisme, faktor yang nyata adalah dosis dan lamanya paparan senyawa pada organ. Umbi bengkuang segar (Pachyrhizus erosus) yang mengandung fitoestrogen agar dapat digunakan secara aman, efektif dan efisien, maka diperlukan uji praklinis dengan melakukan analisis toksisitas fitoestrogen, untuk mengetahui tingkat keamanannya secara pasti. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan toksisitas fitoestrogen, pada daidzein dan air perasan umbi bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus). Rancangan penelitian eksperimen dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Hasil uji statisik dengan menggunakana T-test Pairs, menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan nyata jumlah sel nekrosis tubulus dan glomerulus, dengan perlakuan pemberian daidzein sintetis dan air perasan umbi bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus). Sehingga hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa fitoestrogen umbi bengkuang(Pachyrhizus erosus) tidak bersifat toksik.
A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF ADDRESSING TERMS USED IN TANGLED MOVIE MANUSCRIPT
Authors: Rifai Dian Muhammad , Prasetyaningrum Sevian Tri 
Published: October 2017

This research aims at finding out the kinds of addressing terms manuscript and the reasons of using addressing terms used in Tangled Movie Manuscript. The type of this research is a descriptive qualitative research which takes a document oriented as the method of collecting data. By this method, the researchers uses Tangled movie manuscript as the data source, and the data taken are the expressions which contain addressing terms. The rate of addressing terms use first name is the biggest. Theresult of the research shows that there are five kinds namely, addressing using name (fist name, full name, and last name), addressing using intimacy, (3) addressing using kinship, (4) addressing using respect, and (5) addressing using mockery. Thestudy find seven reasons of addressing terms used in Tangled movie manuscript were showing solidarity, intimacy, mockery, power, respectful, and anger.
PEMELIHARAAN HUBUNGAN ANTARA ORANGTUA YANG BERCERAI DAN ANAK (STUDI KUALITATIF DESKRIPTIF KOMUNIKASI ANTARPRIBADI ANTARA ORANGTUA YANG MEMILIKI HAK ASUH DENGAN ANAKNYA)
Authors: Wulandari Oksyta 
Published: October 2017

Family is the smallest social unit in the society. Family also has an important role in the personal development in a child. However, today divorce rate in Indonesia has increased and divorce will harm people involved, including children. Divorce triggers weakens relationship between parent and children. In relational maintenance there are several behaviors used to maintain relational maintenance between parent and children. So the researcher was interested to know relational maintenance behaviours between divorced parents who had custody of their children with their children. In this study the researcher used qualitative research method and purposive sampling as the sampling technique. The informants were: divorced man or woman who has custody of their child and the man or woman’s child. Three people were from each group were interviewed, totaling in 6 informants. The method to test data validity has source triangulation method by comparing interview and observation result from all data sources, and only selecting consistant data which has then used as data. The result of this showed that the applications of relational maintenance behaviours between parent who had custody of their children with their children consisted of several types,including positivity, openness and routine talk,assurances, task and sharing, supportiveness,joint activities, humor, and constructive conflict management. However not all relational maintenance behaviors do by divorced parents who had custody of their children with their children. Some relational maintenance behaviors performed by divorced parents who had custody of their children with their children were: positivity, supportiveness, joint activities, humor, and constructive conflict management. Meanwhile, relational maintenance behaviors that is not performed by divorced parents who had custody of their children with their childrenwere: openness and routine talk and task and sharing that based on the lack of frequency of face-to-face between parents and children. Generally, relational maintenance performed by parent who had custody of their children with their children.
ADOPSI INOVASI BUDIDAYA KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA (PE) DI KABUPATEN KULON PROGO PROVINSI D.I. YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sasmito Puspo 
Published: October 2017

Tujuh puluh lima desa di Kabupaten Kulon Progo Provinsi D.I Yogyakarta termasuk kategori perdesaan, dimana 22 desa diantaranya berada pada lereng/punggung bukit. Ketiadaan lahan sawah pada wilayah desa yang terletak pada lereng bukit ini, membuat masyarakat hanya mengandalkan sektor perkebunan sebagai tumpuan pendapatan. Kakao dan cengkeh merupakan 2 (dua) komoditi utama yang banyak dibudidayakan masyarakat meskipun kedua komoditi ini memerlukan waktu yang relatif lama untuk bisa diperoleh hasilnya sehingga dapat belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan mereka sehari-hari, sehingga memaksa mereka baik itu sendiri maupun berkelompok berusaha mencari peluang usaha-usaha lain yang diharapkan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup mereka. Kelompok tani Mantep Makaryo di Kecamatan Kokap dan Mendasari di Kecamatan Samigaluh adalah sedikit contoh dari upaya masyarakat untuk melakukan usaha mendapatkan perbaikan pendapatan melalui budidaya kambing peranakan etawa (PE). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses difusi inovasi yang terjadi pada masing-masing kelompok ternak, dimana kedua kelompok ini mempunyai perbedaan karakteristik yang mendasar, tetapi secara bergantian mampu meraih penghargaan tingkat nasional pada tahun 2014 dan 2015. Kelompok ternak Mendasari secara swadaya mengadopsi budidaya kambing PE dan menjadi penopang perekonomian anggota kelompoknya sementara kelompok ternak Mantep Makaryo merupakan kelompok binaan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan UGM Yogyakarta berusaha mengembangkan usaha agribisnis dari pembibitan, produksi pupuk hingga pengolahan susu. Proses adopsi inovasi: knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation dan confirmation sangat ditentukan oleh inisiatif dan keinovatifan, sehingga dukungan dari luar kelompok bukan menjadi faktor utama sebuah inovasi mampu secara cepat diadopsi dan menghasilkan perbaikan kehidupan serta peningkatan status sosial ekonomi masyarakat.
OMUNIKASI PEMASARAN TERPADU (IMC) SEKOLAH DASAR ISLAM TERPADU DI KARANGANYAR
Authors: Riyanto Edi , Triyono Agus 
Published: October 2017

Penelitian ini tentang strategi komunikasi pemasaran terpadu sekolah dasar islam terpadu di Karaganyar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan strategi komunikasi pemasaran terpadu yang digunakan oleh Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu (SDIT). Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) dapat diterapkan dengan baik di sekolah swasta, maupun sekolah negeri, termasuk SDIT Insan Kamil, SDIT Muhammadiyah Jumapolo dan SDIT MTA. Media promosi yang digunakan sekolah dalam iklan tersebut berupa: televisi, radio, spanduk, banner, buletin, brosur, dan pemasaran online. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan objek penelitian penelitian adalah SDIT Insan Kamil, SDIT Muhammadiyah Jumapolo dan SDIT MTA di Karanganyar. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur secara mendalam untuk mendapatkan informasi lengkap sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan oleh peneliti. Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu dapat melakukan Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) walaupun dalam program promosi tersebut belum maksimal, namun program tersebut telah memberikan dampak positif, dilihat dari jumlah peserta didik yang meningkat.
PERANG DAN JIHAD DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIQH SIYASAH DAULIYAH (Telaah Historis Berbasis Teks Suci)
Authors: Junaidi M 
Published: October 2017

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan makna jihad dalam Fiqh siyasah dauliyah, yang selama ini banyak menghubungkan jihad dengan kegiatan destruktif yang menebar teror. Untuk itulah penulis terpanggil untuk menggali implementasi jihad dalam ketatanegaraan islam melalui penyelusuran sejarah peperangan yang pernah dilakukan rasulullah bersama para sahabat. Penulis menggunakan Metode deskripsi dengan pendekatan normatif historis. Penulis mengidentifiksi ayat ayat al qur’an dan hadist rasulullah yang berkenaan dengan peperangan. Kemudian penulis menggambarkan realitas sejarah peperangan yang pernah terjadi pada masa rasulullah dan sahabat. Hal ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan bahwa perang dalam islam tidak sekedar penaklukan kota, merampas harta benda dan mengislamkan penduduk kota yang dilandasi hawa nafsu. Namun perang dalam tata negara islam lebih untuk berdakwah untuk meninggikan kalimat Allah dan pembebasan manusia dari kehidupan “jahiliyah”. Sehingga pada Akhirnya penulis berkesimpulan bahwa bahwa perang atau jihad dalam ketatanegaraan islam tidak hanya perang an sich. Namun perang dalam islam merupakan Ibadah sama halnya dengan ibadah sholat, puasa dan lain lain yang memiliki aturan dan tata cara yang bersumber dari alqur’an dan hadist rasulullah.Kata Kunci : Perang dan Jihad, Fiqh Siyasah Dauliyah, Teks Suci
Technical Efficiency of Soybeans Commodity
Authors: Setiawan Avi Budi , Bowo Prasetyo Ari 
Published: October 2017

This research aims to find out the description of soybean farming in Grobogan Regency, the efficiency of technical, price, and economy on soybean systems. Grobogan Regency is a major soybean producer in Central Java and Indonesia. Based on the research result, it reveals that soybean farming in Grobogan has still not been efficient yet in technic, price, and economy. It means that farmers have not been able to optimize the inputs to obtain the maximum output. This inefficiency condition occurs because the farmers are considered to use the production factors excessively. Besides damaging the nature, the use of excessive production factors also leads to increasing production costs but without maximal results. Therefore, it requires a series of attempts to give knowledge to the farmers in order to reach efficient conditions by hoping that potential to maximized profitKeywords: Efficiency, Soybean, Grobogan
The use of indexs objective grading system and smile line for evaluating the balance functional occlusion in orthodontic treatment
Authors: Damaryanti Endah , Thahar Bergman , Salim Jono , Mardiati Endah 
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment has a main purpose to reach balanced functional occlusion and create a harmonic esthetic face. But several studies indicates that orthodontic treatment influence smile esthetics, especially smile arc and buccal corridor. One-third of the treated patients showed a flat smile arc and orthodontic treatment with extraction resulted in excessive buccal corridors. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the difference of the Objective Grading System index, developed by the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) and smile aesthetics in patients with Class I dentoskeletal malocclusion before and after orthodontic treatment. Methods: Twenty dental casts, panoramic radiographs and grouped pre and post-treatment. Dental casts and panoramic radiographs are scored according to the guidelines of the Objective Grading System. Extra-oral photographs were assessed by researcher using modified Goldstein dentofacial analysis. Result of measurements were evaluated with statistical t-test. Results: Results of the research indicates Objective Grading System index and also score of smile esthetics before and after orthodontic treatment shows difference statistically (for Objective Grading System index P = -1121 > 2.09 and for smile esthetics P = 5.15 > 2.09). Conclusions: Extremely weak relationship was found between Objective Grading System index and Aesthetics smiles.
Decrease in alveolar crest height due to orthodontic treatment method using standard edgewise fix appliance molar
Authors: Nauli Jessy , Thahar Bergman , Salim Jono , Mardiati Endah 
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment could influence alveolar bone height. The longer the treatment, the more effect it will be. The purpose of this study was determined the differences in alveolar bone height at the canine, second bicuspid, mandibular first molar in the case of mandibular premolar extraction with different treatment duration. Methods: This study is a retrospective – comparative analytic study, involving 17 samples which have finished orthodontic treatment at FKG Unpad PPDGS orthodontic clinic. The alveolar bone height was determined from panoramic x-rays obtained by measuring the ratio of alveolar crest and the cemento enamel junction to the tooth cusp (Bjorn method). The results of the study were then analyzed using t-student test with Pvalue=0.05. Results: The results showed a significant correlation in alveolar bone height reduction. In the group less than 2-years treatment, there was a reduction in alveolar bone height only at the mesial side of tooth 35 while there was a significant reduction at the distal canine, the mesial-distal second bicuspid and the mesial-distal side of the mandibular first molar in a group more than 2 years-treatment. Conclusions: This study concluded that there was a significant influence on the duration of treatment and alveolar bone height reduction in the group more than 2-years treatment.
Efecto antinflamatorio in vitro de los extractos etanólicos de cuatro plantas medicinales peruanas
Authors: Acostupa Flor de Mari­a , Chavez Alexander , Meji­a Samy E , Pauta Mario M , Tucunango Jose L 
Published: October 2017

Objetivo. Determinar la actividad antinflamatoria in vitro de los extractos etanólicos de Croton lechleri, Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Peperomia congona Sodiro y Perezia coerulescens, mediante el método de estabilización de la membrana de globulos rojos. Materiales y Métodos. Se emplearon muestras de sangre humana, donde se evaluarón cuatro diluciones seriadas, 200, 100, 50 y 10 ug/mL de los diferentes extractos, usando una solución isosalina (0,85%, pH 7,2) como medio de dilución, y como fármaco de referencia dexametasona (200 ug/mL). Se determinaron los porcentajes de hemolisis y protección de la membrana del globulo rojo. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los promedios de porcentajes de protección y las concentraciones en el caso de Ch. ambrosioides L (p<0,001), P. coerulescens (p<0,001) y C. lechleri (p<0,001). Se encontró correlación lineal entre los porcentajes de protección y la concentración en el caso de Ch. ambrosioides L (R2= 0,795; p<0,001), C. lechleri (R2= 0,631; p<0,001) y P. coerulescens (R2= 0,899; p<0,001). Los extractos de C. lechleri a 100 y 200 ug/mL; y el extracto de P. coerulescens a 200 ug/mL no presentaron diferencias significativas en sus porcentajes de protección en comparación al uso de dexametasona 200 ug/mL (p>0,05) ConclusiÃ³n. Los extractos etanólicos de P. coerulescens, Ch. ambrosioides L y C. lechleri, presentan actividad antinflamatoria mediante la inhibicion de la lisis de la membrana celular en globulos rojos. En el caso del extracto de C. lechleri a 100 y 200 ug/mL, así­ como el extracto de Ch. ambrosioides L a una concentracion de 200 ug/mL, mostraron un desempeño similar al farmaco de referencia (dexametasona).
Farmacovigilancia y alertas del uso de recursos y productos en la medicina tradicional, alternativa y complementaria en el Perú (1997-2016)
Authors: Mendocilla-Risco Moises , Bellido-Mara­n Maribel , Serrano-Mestanza Kelly 
Published: October 2017

Objetivo. Caracterizar las notificaciones de reacciones adversas (RAM) y alertas DIGEMID, relacionadas a problemas de seguridad de las plantas medicinales y productos usados en la medicina tradicional, alternativa y complementaria (MTAC) correspondiente a los años 1997 al 2016. Materiales y Metodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de las notificaciones de RAM y alertas DIGEMID de las plantas medicinales y productos usados en MTAC, las que fueron caracterizadas de acuerdo al tipo de RAM y seguridad. Resultados. En el periodo 1997 a 2016 la Autoridad Nacional de Productos Farmaceuticos, Dispositivos Medicos y Productos Sanitarios (ANM) recibió 28 notificaciones de RAM relacionados al uso de plantas medicinales y productos en MTAC, las que fueron catalogadas como grave 1 (4%), serias 4 (14%), no serias 22 (78%) y no especificada 1 (4%); las principales RAM fueron dermatitis, urticaria, prurito, erupción cutánea, mareos, convulsiones, acidosis y hepatotoxicidad. La ANM emitio 798 alertas DIGEMID, de las cuales 11 (1%) corresponde a plantas medicinales o productos usados en MTAC; de ellas, las alertas por seguridad representan el (73%), calidad (9%) y productos falsificados o venta ilegal (18%). Los principales problemas de seguridad son concordantes con las RAM mencionadas y las interacciones medicamentosas. Arnica montana, Illicium verum, I. anisatum, Desmodium molliculum, Tiquilia paronychioides, Aloe vera y Uncaria sp, o sus preparados, deben ser usadas bajo vigilancia. Conclusión. Durante los años 1997-2016 solo se notificaron 28 RAM y emitieron 11 alertas DIGEMID relacionados al uso de plantas medicinales y productos en medicina tradicional alternativa y complementaria (MTAC); por lo que, la Autoridad Nacional de Productos Farmaceuticos, Dispositivos Medicos y Productos Sanitarios (ANM) en su rol de conductor del Sistema Peruano de Farmacovigilancia y Tecnovigilancia debe proponer estrategias e instrumentos que permitan incrementar la notificacion de RAM y establecer su vigilancia activa.
Amelioration of isoniazid and rifampicin-induced liver toxicity by Amaranthus graecizans subsp. silvestris in rat
Authors: Ishtiaq Saiqa , Khan Afridi Muhammad Shaharyar , Masood Nawal 
Published: October 2017

Amaranthus graecizans subsp. silvestris, a folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation, was used to evaluate its hepatoprotective potential against rifampicin and isoniazid-induced liver damage. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Group I served as control (distilled water treated), Group II served as hepatotoxic group (isoniazid 50 mg/kg and rifampicin 100 mg/kg, treated), Group III served as positive control (silymarin 100 mg/kg, treated) while Group IV served as A. graecizans subsp. silvestris extract (400 mg/kg) treated group. The results suggest that the liver markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin) were significantly increased in the animals of Group II. The methanolic extract showed a significant decrease in the raised liver enzymes of Group IV and encountered the liver damage caused by isoniazid and rifampicin. Histopathological examination of liver also revealed the improved architecture in the extract-treated group. Thus, the methanolic extract has potential liver protective action due to its phytochemicals.
Video Clip of Methodology:
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Optical and Near-infrared Polarimetry of Non-periodic Comet C/2013 US10 (Catalina)
Authors: Kwon Yuna Grace , Ishiguro Masateru , Kuroda Daisuke , Hanayama Hidekazu , Kawabata Koji S. , Akitaya Hiroshi , Nakaoka Tatsuya , Itoh Ryosuke , Toda Hiroyuki , Yanagisawa Kenshi , Lee Myung Gyoon , Ohta Kouji , Yoshida Michitoshi , Kawai Nobuyuki , Watanabe Jun-Ichi 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We present an optical and near-infrared (hereafter NIR) polarimetric study of a comet C/2013 US10 (Catalina) observed on UT 2015 December 17–18 at phase angles of α = 52.°1–53.°1. Additionally, we obtained an optical spectrum and multi-band images to examine the influence of gas emission. We find that the observed optical signals are significantly influenced by gas emission; that is, the gas-to-total intensity ratio varies from 5 to 30% in the R
C and 3%–18% in the I
C bands, depending on the position in the coma. We derive the “gas-free dust polarization degrees” of 13.8% ± 1.0% in the R
C and 12.5% ± 1.1% in the I
C bands and a gray polarimetric color, i.e., −8.7% ± 9.9% μm−1 in optical and 1.6% ± 0.9% μm−1 in NIR. The increments of polarization obtained from the gas correction show that the polarimetric properties of the dust in this low-polarization comet are not different from those in high-polarization comets. In this process, the cometocentric distance dependence of polarization has disappeared. We also find that the R
C-band polarization degree of the southeast dust tail, which consists of large dust particles (100 μm–1 mm), is similar to that in the outer coma where small and large ones are mixed. Our study confirms that the dichotomy of cometary polarization does not result from the difference of dust properties, but from depolarizing gas contamination. This conclusion can provide a strong support for similarity in origin of comets.