bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat waves in Africa 1981–2015, observations and reanalysis
Authors: Ceccherini Guido , Russo Simone , Ameztoy Iban , Marchese Andrea Francesco , Carmona-Moreno Cesar 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The purpose of this article is to show the extreme temperature regime of heat waves across Africa over recent years (1981–2015). Heat waves have been quantified using the Heat Wave Magnitude Index daily (HWMId), which merges the duration and the intensity of extreme temperature events into a single numerical index. The HWMId enables a comparison between heat waves with different timing and location, and it has been applied to maximum and minimum temperature records. The time series used in this study have been derived from (1) observations from the Global Summary of the Day (GSOD) and (2) reanalysis data from ERA-Interim. The analysis shows an increasing number of heat waves of both maxima and minima temperatures in the last decades. Results from heat wave analysis of maximum temperature (HWMIdtx) indicate an increase in intensity and frequency of extreme events. Specifically, from 1996 onwards it is possible to observe HWMIdtx spread with the maximum presence during 2006–2015. Between 2006 and 2015 the frequency (spatial coverage) of extreme heat waves had increased to 24.5 observations per year (60.1 % of land cover), as compared to 12.3 per year (37.3 % of land area) in the period from 1981 to 2005 for GSOD stations (reanalysis).
EFFECT OF FURFURAL ON THE PROPERTIES OF NATURAL LATEX: POSSIBILITY FOR ADHESIVE APPLICATION
Authors: Vaithanomsat Pilanee , Janchai Phornpimol , Punsuvon Vittaya , Smitthipong Wirasak 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Normally, the properties of natural latex are not stable, for example, viscosity and volatile fatty acids, due to the nonrubber components that affect the quality of the latex. The objective here was to develop and compare the adhesive properties of natural latex by using furfural at different ratios. Concentrated natural latex (60% rubber) with a high ammonia rate was used, and two types of furfural were used: synthetic furfural and natural furfural from sugarcane bagasse. The phenolic resin was also compared as a tackifier resin. We found that increasing the furfural concentration in natural latex increased the viscosity of the latex. However, for a given concentration, furfural and phenolic resin gave similar adhesion properties in natural latex. Furfural at 10 parts per hundred of rubber gave the best adhesive property of natural latex. Beyond this furfural concentration, the natural latex became solid. There were no significance differences in adhesion properties between synthetic and natural furfurals in the natural latex. The relationship between viscosity and adhesive properties of the natural latex with furfural is proposed. This research shows the potential to develop an eco-friendly natural adhesive with furfural that has good quality and no dangerous solvent.
VULCANIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL RUBBER COAGULATED BY MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Li Si-Dong , Chen Jing , Li Le-Fan , Wang Zhi-Fen , Zhong Jie-Ping , Yang Lei 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe network variations of natural rubber (NR) during the vulcanization process were investigated by 1H chemical shift by liquid-state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NR latex coagulated by microorganisms (NR-m) was contrasted with NR latex coagulated by acid (NR-a). The influences of the coagulation process on the structures, vulcanization characteristics, and mechanical properties of NR were analyzed. The results show that the cross-link density (XLD) and mass percentage of cross-link network (A(Mc)) can be increased with the increment of the vulcanization time; while the mass percentage of dangling free ends of the hydrocarbon and small molecules (A(T2)), the longitudinal relaxation time (T1), transverse relaxation time (T2), and molecular mass of inter–cross-link chains (Mc) decreased with the prolonging of vulcanization time both NR-m and NR-a. NR-m exhibits shorter scorch times (ts1, ts2) and optimum cure time (t90) and shows higher maximum torque (MH) and minimum torque (ML) than that of NR-a. It is obvious that the higher XLD and A(Mc) and lower A(T2), T1, T2, and Mc values of NR-m result in higher stress, tensile strength, and tear strength of NR compounds.
Ruptured Primary Omental Pregnancy Mimicking Adnexal Implantation
Authors: Martingano Daniel , Bogdanov Anton , Rybitskiy Dmitriy , Martingano Francis X. , Shahem Sam 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Ectopic pregnancies occur when the implantation of a fertilized ovum occurs outside of the endometrial cavity. The majority of ectopic pregnancies encountered in clinical practice are located within the fallopian tube. Abdominal pregnancies represent 1% of all ectopic pregnancies. Primary omental pregnancy, in which the extrauterine site of implantation is the greater omentum, is the least common form of abdominal pregnancy. The rarity of an ectopic pregnancy in the omentum and the absence of clinical symptoms often delays diagnosis and proper identification before rupture. The authors describe the case of a 23-year-old woman who had hemoperitoneum from a ruptured omental ectopic pregnancy that mimicked adnexal implantation. Her omental pregnancy was diagnosed through intraoperative exploration and osteopathic structural examination findings.
Challenges as enablers for high quality Linked Data: insights from the Semantic Publishing Challenge
Authors: Dimou Anastasia , Vahdati Sahar , Di Iorio Angelo , Lange Christoph , Verborgh Ruben , Mannens Erik 
Published: January 2017

While most challenges organized so far in the Semantic Web domain are focused on comparing tools with respect to different criteria such as their features and competencies, or exploiting semantically enriched data, the Semantic Web Evaluation Challenges series, co-located with the ESWC Semantic Web Conference, aims to compare them based on their output, namely the produced dataset. The Semantic Publishing Challenge is one of these challenges. Its goal is to involve participants in extracting data from heterogeneous sources on scholarly publications, and producing Linked Data that can be exploited by the community itself. This paper reviews lessons learned from both (i) the overall organization of the Semantic Publishing Challenge, regarding the definition of the tasks, building the input dataset and forming the evaluation, and (ii) the results produced by the participants, regarding the proposed approaches, the used tools, the preferred vocabularies and the results produced in the three editions of 2014, 2015 and 2016. We compared these lessons to other Semantic Web Evaluation Challenges. In this paper, we (i) distill best practices for organizing such challenges that could be applied to similar events, and (ii) report observations on Linked Data publishing derived from the submitted solutions. We conclude that higher quality may be achieved when Linked Data is produced as a result of a challenge, because the competition becomes an incentive, while solutions become better with respect to Linked Data publishing best practices when they are evaluated against the rules of the challenge.
Ultrasound‐Guided Diffuse Optical Tomography for Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Tao , Feng Jin‐Chun , Tuerhong Shabier , Wang Bin , Yang Liang , Zhao Qian , Dilixiati Jinsihan , Xu Wen‐Ting , Zhu Li‐Ping 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of ultrasound‐guided diffuse optical tomography for differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions.MethodsThe Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched from inception to February 14, 2016. Sensitivity, specificity, and other information were extracted from the included studies. Sensitivity and specificity were pooled by a bivariate mixed‐effects binary regression model. A summary receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed. Heterogeneity and publication bias were explored by Higgins and Deeks tests, respectively.ResultsSeven studies including 768 women with 886 lesions were analyzed. The summary sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were 95% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85%–98%), 77% (95% CI, 66%–85%), and 57 (95% CI, 12–267), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 91% (95% CI, 89%–94%). No significant heterogeneity or publication bias existed.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided diffuse optical tomography is useful for differentiating breast lesions. Especially, its sensitivity is excellent.
The role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition drivers ZEB1 and ZEB2 in mediating docetaxel‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Hanrahan Karen , O'Neill Amanda , Prencipe Maria , Bugler Jane , Murphy Lisa , Fabre Aurelie , Puhr Martin , Culig Zoran , Murphy Keefe , Watson R. William 
Published: January 2017

Docetaxel is the main treatment for advanced castration‐resistant prostate cancer; however, resistance eventually occurs. The development of intratumoral drug‐resistant subpopulations possessing a cancer stem cell (CSC) morphology is an emerging mechanism of docetaxel resistance, a process driven by epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study characterised EMT in docetaxel‐resistant sublines through increased invasion, MMP‐1 production and ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression. We also present evidence for differential EMT across PC‐3 and DU145 in vitro resistance models as characterised by differential migration, cell colony scattering and susceptibility to the CSC inhibitor salinomycin. siRNA manipulation of ZEB1 and ZEB2 in PC‐3 and DU145 docetaxel‐resistant sublines identified ZEB1, through its transcriptional repression of E‐cadherin, to be a driver of both EMT and docetaxel resistance. The clinical relevance of ZEB1 was also determined through immunohistochemical tissue microarray assessment, revealing significantly increased ZEB1 expression in prostate tumours following docetaxel treatment. This study presents evidence for a role of ZEB1, through its transcriptional repression of E‐cadherin to be a driver of both EMT and docetaxel resistance in docetaxel‐resistant prostate cancer. In addition, this study highlights the heterogeneity of prostate cancer and in turn emphasises the complexity of the clinical management of docetaxel‐resistant prostate cancer.
Risk forewarning of regional development sustainability based on a natural resources and environmental carrying index in China
Authors: Fan Jie , Wang Yafei , Ouyang Zhiyun , Li Lijuan , Xu Yong , Zhang Wenzhong , Wang Chuansheng , Xu Weihua , Li Jiuyi , Yu Jianhui , Zhou Kan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIt is a matter of public consensus that China's high growth rate has been achieved at the expense of natural resources and the environment, leading to serious risks to sustainability. This research, which proposes a theoretical model to forewarn of risks to regional developmental sustainability in China, constitutes the first empirical evaluation of this to be undertaken there. The results show that: (a) the areas at risk cover almost 43% of the land and 44% of the population of mainland China. In those areas, 83.56% of people at risk are threatened by the low carrying capacity of the environment and limited water resources. (b) With 70% of the total population living in “at risk” areas, urbanization zones remain as the primary category suffering from overload across China. Extensive industrialization has resulted in environmental pollution, which contributes the most to the forewarning status, while the secondary cause is found to be the special coupling of the scarcity of natural water resources and their inefficient use. In addition, most urban conglomerations suffer from pollution by industrial production and household consumption, which tends to extend to their surrounding agricultural areas. Extensive mineral exploitation in ecologically fragile areas has made them increasingly more vulnerable to disturbances from their neighboring resource‐driven urban areas. The paper uses these findings to suggest how to intensify the special regulatory administration of resources and the environment, and to transform approaches to industrialization, in order to address sustainable development issues in developing countries.
Energy‐ and momentum‐conserving model of splash entrainment in sand and snow saltation
Authors: Comola Francesco , Lehning Michael 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDespite being the main sediment entrainment mechanism in aeolian transport, granular splash is still poorly understood. We provide a deeper insight into the dynamics of sand and snow ejection with a stochastic model derived from the energy and momentum conservation laws. Our analysis highlights that the ejection regime of uniform sand is inherently different from that of heterogeneous sand. Moreover, we show that cohesive snow presents a mixed ejection regime, statistically controlled either by energy or momentum conservation depending on the impact velocity. The proposed formulation can provide a solid base for granular splash simulations in saltation models, leading to more reliable assessments of aeolian transport on Earth and Mars.
Revisiting interminima solar EUV change using adjusted SOHO SEM data
Authors: Huang Jianping , Hao Yongqiang , Zhang Donghe , Xiao Zuo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe change of solar EUV irradiance between the 1996 and 2008 minima is still in active debate due to a possible trend in the data from the Solar EUV Monitor (SEM) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). For the period of years 2002–2012, i.e., the descending phase of solar cycle 23 (SC23) and the ascending phase of SC24, concurrent observations from the Solar EUV Experiment (SEE) on board the Thermospheric Ionospheric Mesospheric Energy and Dynamics spacecraft are available. We compare the data from the two instruments in terms of an expected linear relation between the EUV irradiance and the ionospheric peak electron density (NmF2). For the SEE data the NmF2‐EUV function is solar cycle invariant, but for the SEM data the function is found to be different between SC23 and SC24, which is hard to explain at present. An attempt is therefore made to obtain a unbiased SEM data set by using the SEE data as a calibration source. As a result, a temporal sensor drift coefficient of ∼−2%/yr is fitted, and the trend causing the unnatural solar cycle different NmF2‐EUV function is removed from the data. A new estimation of the interminima change of EUV irradiance based on the adjusted SEM data is ∼10% reduction in 2008 compared to 1996, much smaller than previous results. After adjustment the SOHO SEM could continue to be a reliable data source for solar EUV and aeronomic studies over both SC23 and SC24.
The implications of tides on the Mimas ocean hypothesis
Authors: Rhoden Alyssa Rose , Henning Wade , Hurford Terry A. , Patthoff D. Alex , Tajeddine Radwan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe investigate whether a present‐day global ocean within Mimas is compatible with the lack of tectonic activity on its surface by computing tidal stresses for ocean‐bearing interior structure models derived from observed librations. We find that, for the suite of compatible rheological models, peak surface tidal stresses caused by Mimas' high eccentricity would range from a factor of 2 smaller to an order of magnitude larger than those on tidally active Europa. Thermal stresses from a freezing ocean, or a past higher eccentricity, would enhance present‐day tidal stresses, exceeding the magnitudes associated with Europa's ubiquitous tidally driven fractures and, in some cases, the failure strength of ice in laboratory studies. Therefore, in order for Mimas to have an ocean, its ice shell cannot fail at the stress values implied for Europa. Furthermore, if Mimas' ocean is freezing out, the ice shell must also be able to withstand thermal stresses that could be an order of magnitude higher than the failure strength of laboratory ice samples. In light of these challenges, we consider an ocean‐free Mimas to be the most straightforward model, best supported by our tidal stress analysis.
Effects of lava heating on volatile‐rich slopes on Io
Authors: Dundas Colin M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe upper crust of Io may be very rich in volatile sulfur and SO2. The surface is also highly volcanically active, and slopes may be warmed by radiant heat from the lava. This is particularly the case in paterae, which commonly host volcanic eruptions and long‐lived lava lakes. Patera slopes are highly variable, but some are greater than 70°. I model the heating of a volatile slope for two end‐member cases: instantaneous emplacement of a large sheet flow and persistent heating by a long‐lived lava lake. In general, single flows can briefly raise sulfur to the melting temperature or drive a modest amount of sublimation of SO2. Persistently, lava‐covered surfaces will drive much more significant geomorphic effects, with potentially significant sublimation and slope retreat. In addition to the direct effects, heating is likely to weaken slope materials and may trigger mass wasting. Thus, if the upper crust of Io is rich in these volatile species, future missions with high‐resolution imaging are likely to observe actively retreating slopes around lava lakes and other locations of frequent eruptions.
Palladium(0)‐catalyzed Domino C−N Coupling/Hydroamination/C−H Arylation: Efficient Synthesis of Benzothieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2‐f]phenanthridines
Authors: Salman Ghazwan Ali , Pham Ngo Nghia , Ngo Thang Ngoc , Ehlers Peter , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTwo new and efficient routes to benzothieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2‐f]phenanthridines have been developed. Alkynylated benzothiophenes reacted with various anilines to the target compounds in a domino reaction consisting of a C−N coupling‐, hydroamination‐ followed by a final, ring‐closing C−H arylation step. Products were isolated in moderate to good yields.magnified image
The Effects of Contract Mechanism Design and Risk Preferences on Biomass Supply for Ethanol Production
Authors: Wamisho Hossiso Kassu , De Laporte Aaron , Ripplinger David 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis study used a stated choice experimental survey to evaluate the effects of contract design mechanisms and farmers’ risk preferences in supplying biomass for ethanol production in a vertically coordinated biomass supply chain in Northern Plain of the United States. A rank‐ordered logit model was used to assess the effects of price‐ and quantity‐based contract mechanisms, risk preferences, and farm characteristics on ranking of contract preferences. Our empirical results show that, under price‐based contract, farmers are likely to prefer contract that set fixed price when a contract was offered over short term, however, over the long term, farmers prefer a contract item that set formula with a floor price. Under quantity‐based design mechanism, our model results illustrate that contract items that limit biomass quantity delivery requirement become less preferable even if farmers are allowed to negotiate on delivery price. In addition, farmer's risk perception factors toward engaging in marketing organization and vertically coordinated supply chains play a significant role in ranking contract preferences. [EconLit citations: D82; Q13; Q42]
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura misdiagnosed as autoimmune cytopenia: Causes of diagnostic errors and consequence on outcome. Experience of the French thrombotic microangiopathies reference centre
Authors: Grall Maximilien , Azoulay Elie , Galicier Lionel , Provôt François , Wynckel Alain , Poullin Pascale , Grange Steven , Halimi Jean‐Michel , Lautrette Alexandre , Delmas Yahsou , Presne Claire , Hamidou Mohamed , Girault Stéphane , Pène Frédéric , Perez Pierre , Kanouni Tarik , Seguin Amélie , Mousson Christiane , Chauveau Dominique , Ojeda‐Uribe Mario , Barbay Virginie , Veyradier Agnès , Coppo Paul , Benhamou Ygal 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) has a devastating prognosis without adapted management. Sources of misdiagnosis need to be identified to avoid delayed treatment. We studied 84 patients with a final diagnosis of severe (<10%) acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency‐associated TTP from our National database that included 423 patients, who had an initial misdiagnosis (20% of all TTP). Main diagnostic errors were attributed to autoimmune thrombocytopenia, associated (51%) or not (37%) with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. At admission, misdiagnosed patients were more frequently females (P = .034) with a history of autoimmune disorder (P = .017) and had organ involvement in 67% of cases; they had more frequently antinuclear antibodies (P = .035), a low/undetectable schistocyte count (P = .001), a less profound anemia (P = .008), and a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) (P = .008). In multivariate analysis, female gender (P = .022), hemoglobin level (P = .028), a positive DAT (P = .004), and a low schistocytes count on diagnosis (P < .001) were retained as risk factors of misdiagnosis. Platelet count recovery was significantly longer in the misdiagnosed group (P = .041) without consequence on mortality, exacerbation and relapse. However, patients in the misdiagnosed group had a less severe disease than those in the accurately diagnosed group, as evidenced by less organ involvement at TTP diagnosis (P = .006). TTP is frequently misdiagnosed with autoimmune cytopenias. A low schistocyte count and a positive DAT should not systematically rule out TTP, especially when associated with organ failure.
Genetics and genotype–phenotype correlations in early onset epileptic encephalopathy with burst suppression
Authors: Olson Heather E. , Kelly McKenna , LaCoursiere Christopher M. , Pinsky Rebecca , Tambunan Dimira , Shain Catherine , Ramgopal Sriram , Takeoka Masanori , Libenson Mark H. , Julich Kristina , Loddenkemper Tobias , Marsh Eric D. , Segal Devorah , Koh Susan , Salman Michael S. , Paciorkowski Alex R. , Yang Edward , Bergin Ann M. , Sheidley Beth Rosen , Poduri Annapurna 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveWe sought to identify genetic causes of early onset epileptic encephalopathies with burst suppression (Ohtahara syndrome and early myoclonic encephalopathy) and evaluate genotype–phenotype correlations.MethodsWe enrolled 33 patients with a referral diagnosis of Ohtahara syndrome or early myoclonic encephalopathy without malformations of cortical development. We performed detailed phenotypic assessment including seizure presentation, electroencephalography, and magnetic resonance imaging. We confirmed burst suppression in 28 of 33 patients. Research‐based exome sequencing was performed for patients without a previously identified molecular diagnosis from clinical evaluation or a research‐based epilepsy gene panel.ResultsIn 17 of 28 (61%) patients with confirmed early burst suppression, we identified variants predicted to be pathogenic inKCNQ2(n = 10),STXBP1(n = 2),SCN2A(n = 2),PNPO(n = 1),PIGA(n = 1), andSEPSECS(n = 1). In 3 of 5 (60%) patients without confirmed early burst suppression, we identified variants predicted to be pathogenic inSTXBP1(n = 2) andSCN2A(n = 1). The patient with the homozygousPNPOvariant had a low cerebrospinal fluid pyridoxal‐5‐phosphate level. Otherwise, no early laboratory or clinical features distinguished the cases associated with pathogenic variants in specific genes from each other or from those with no prior genetic cause identified.InterpretationWe characterize the genetic landscape of epileptic encephalopathy with burst suppression, without brain malformations, and demonstrate feasibility of genetic diagnosis with clinically available testing in >60% of our cohort, withKCNQ2implicated in one‐third. This electroclinical syndrome is associated with pathogenic variation inSEPSECS. Ann Neurol 2017;81:419–429