bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pragmatic randomised trial assessing the impact of peer comparison and therapeutic recommendations, including repetition, on antibiotic prescribing patterns of family physicians across British Columbia for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections
Authors: Carney Greg , Maclure Malcolm , Patrick David M , Otte Jessica , Ambasta Anshula , Thompson Wade , Dormuth Colin 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a personalised audit and feedback prescribing report (AF) and brief educational summary (ES) on empiric treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) by family physicians (FPs).DesignCluster randomised control trial.SettingThe intervention was conducted in British Columbia, Canada between 23 September 2021 and 28 March 2022.ParticipantsWe randomised 5073 FPs into a standard AF and ES intervention arm (n=1691), an ES-only arm (n=1691) and a control arm (n=1691).InterventionsThe AF contained personalised and peer-comparison data on first-line antibiotic prescriptions for women with uncomplicated lower UTI and key therapeutic recommendations. The ES contained detailed, evidence-based UTI management recommendations, incorporated regional antibiotic resistance data and recommended nitrofurantoin as a first-line treatment.Main outcome measuresNitrofurantoin as first-line pharmacological treatment for uncomplicated lower UTI, analysed using an intention-to-treat approach.ResultsWe identified 21 307 cases of uncomplicated lower UTI among the three trial arms during the study period. The impact of receiving both the AF and ES increased the relative probability of prescribing nitrofurantoin as first-line treatment for uncomplicated lower UTI by 28% (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.52), relative to the delay arm. This translates to additional prescribing of nitrofurantoin as first-line treatment, instead of alternates, in an additional 8.7 cases of uncomplicated UTI per 100 FPs during the 6-month study period.ConclusionAF prescribing data with educational materials can improve primary care prescribing of antibiotics for uncomplicated lower UTI.Trial registration numberNCT05817253.
Total replacement of maize with raw or heat-treated sweet cassava tuber meal on productive performance and egg quality parameters in Jumbo quail hens from 6 to 14 weeks of age
Authors: Gazi Athenkosi , Mnisi Caven Mguvane 
Published: October 2024

The impact of complete replacement of maize with raw or heat-treated sweet cassava ( Manihot esculenta) tuber meal (CTM) on productive performance and egg quality of Jumbo quail hens was determined. A total of 240, 6-week-old hens were randomly allocated to 60 cages (4 birds/cage) and assigned to five experimental diets with 12 replicates each. The diets were a standard layer mash diet without CTM (CON) and a standard layer mash diet in which 100% maize was replaced with raw (CTMR), boiled (CTMB), autoclaved (CTMA), and oven-dried CTM (CTMO). The highest overall feed intake, body weight gain, and final body weight ( P < 0.05) was observed from the CON group while the lowest was from the CTMB group. Overall FCR and mortality were not significantly influenced by the diets. Fourteen-week-old hens on CON had a higher ( P < 0.05) rate of lay than CTMR. Eggs from CON had the brightest yolk colour values than all the treatment groups. Moreover, eggs from CON had the least shape index than those from CTMO. Diet CTMA promoted heavier ( P < 0.05) eggshells than CTMR. Jumbo quail hens reared on maize-based diet showed better performance followed by autoclaving treatment, whereas boiling treatment compromised performance traits.
Study of cosmic evolution admitting thermodynamic analysis
Authors: Sharif M. , Gul M. Zeeshan , Fatima Nusrat 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article examines the cosmic evolution in the framework of symmetric teleparallel theory, characterized by the function of non-metricity scalar $$(\mathcal {Q})$$

(
Q
)

. We use the e-folding number and reconstruction method with a suitable parametrization of the scale factor to obtain the functional form of symmetric teleparallel theory. Using this reconstructed model, we examine the behavior of different cosmographic parameters to demonstrate the bouncing scenarios of the cosmos by considering the contraction and expansion phases of cosmos before and after the bouncing point, respectively. It is found that the null energy condition is violated which shows that the singularity issue can be resolved in this extended theoretical framework. Moreover, we observe that the acceleration occurs near the bouncing point and the reconstructed model aligns with the current cosmic expansion. Finally, we check the validity of second law of thermodynamics in the bouncing framework of our model.
Pseudoscalar mesons from a PNJL model at zero temperature
Authors: Aguirre R. M. , Lourenço O. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study pseudoscalar $$\pi $$
π
, K and $$\eta $$
η
meson properties, such as masses and couplings, in dense matter at zero temperature. We use a recently proposed phenomenological quark model, known as the PNJL0, which takes into account the confinement/deconfinement phase transition by means of the traced Polyakov loop ($$\varPhi $$
Φ
) which serves as an order parameter at zero temperature. We consider two different scenarios, namely, symmetric quark matter with equal chemical potentials for all the flavors, and the beta equilibrated matter. In the latter case the hadron-quark phase transition is implemented by a two model approach. For the hadron side we use a relativistic mean-field model with density dependent couplings. We show that $$\varPhi $$
Φ
induces abrupt changes in the mesons properties with gap sizes regulated by the phenomenological gluonic sector of the model.
Emergent universe from an unstable de Sitter phase
Authors: Burkmar Molly , Bruni Marco 
Published: October 2024

In the Emergent scenario, the Universe should evolve from a nonsingular state replacing the typical singularity of General Relativity, for any initial condition. For the scalar field model by Ellis and Maartens [Class. Quantum Grav. 21 (2003) 223] we show that only a set of measure zero of trajectories leads to emergence, either from a static state (an Einstein model), or from a de Sitter state. Assuming a scenario based on CDM interacting with a Dark Energy fluid, we show that in general flat and open models expand from a nonsingular unstable de Sitter state at high energies; for some closed models this state is a transition phase with a bounce, other closed models are cyclic. A subset of these models are qualitatively in agreement with the observable Universe, accelerating at high energies, going through a matter-dominated decelerated era, then accelerating toward a de Sitter phase.
Concordance and Clinical Outcomes Improvement Following Oral Hygiene Motivation: A Systematic Review and Report of the Workshop of the Italian Societies of Dental Hygiene
Authors: Abbinante Antonia , Antonacci Anna , Antonioni Michela , Butera Andrea , Castaldi Matteo , Cotellessa Silvia , Di Marco Caterina , Gangale Martina , Izzetti Rossana , Luperini Maurizio , Maiorani Carolina , Nardi Gianna Maria , Ravoni Alice , Sabatini Silvia , Sestito Sandro , Virno Augusta , Graziani Filippo 
Published: October 2024

Aim: A workshop on concordance and oral hygiene was held in February 2024. To address the topic, a systematic review aimed at investigating the effectiveness of motivational interventions in improving oral hygiene and focusing on periodontal clinical indices outcomes was designed.Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed and Scopus electronic databases to identify relevant articles published up to 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies comparing motivational interventions targeting oral hygiene behaviours, with a focus on periodontal clinical indices. Twelve articles meeting the eligibility criteria were selected for analysis. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed systematically.Results: The synthesis of findings from the selected studies revealed a consistent positive effect of motivational interventions on periodontal clinical indices. These interventions encompassed various strategies, including educational sessions, personalized feedback and motivational interviewing. Improvement in indices such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and periodontal probing depth was observed following motivational interventions, despite the variety of motivational protocols employed.Conclusion: Motivational interventions are effective in enhancing oral hygiene practices and improving periodontal clinical indices. Tailored motivational approaches can serve as valuable tools in promoting oral health behaviours among individuals, potentially reducing the risk of periodontal diseases. Further research is warranted to explore the long‐term sustainability and scalability of motivational interventions in diverse populations and settings.
FDA Approval Summary: Teclistamab–A Bispecific CD3 T-Cell Engager for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Baines Andrea C. , Kanapuru Bindu , Zhao Jay , Price Lauren S.L. , Zheng Nan , Konicki Robyn , Manning Michael L. , Gehrke Brenda J. , Theoret Marc R. , Gormley Nicole J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
On October 25, 2022, the FDA granted accelerated approval to teclistamab-cqyv (TECVAYLI; Janssen Biotech) for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least four prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 mAb. Substantial evidence of effectiveness was obtained from the MajesTEC-1 trial, a phase I/II, single-arm, open-label, multicenter study. Patients received step-up doses of teclistamab at 0.06 and 0.3 mg/kg followed by 1.5 mg/kg subcutaneously once weekly until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. An overall response rate of 61.8% was observed, with a complete response or better rate of 28.2%. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 72% of patients, and neurologic toxicity occurred in 57%, including immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome in 6%. Due to the risk of cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicity, including immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome, the US Prescribing Information for teclistamab includes a boxed warning, and teclistamab is available only through a restricted program under a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy. Here, we summarize the data and FDA review supporting the accelerated approval of teclistamab, a B-cell maturation antigen–directed bispecific antibody that was the first bispecific CD3 T-cell engager approved for treatment of multiple myeloma.
ФІТОХІМІЧНИЙ ТА МІКРОМОРФОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ НАСІННЯ НОВОГО СОРТУ NIGELLA DAMASCENA L.
Authors: Shanaida M. I. , Brindza J. , Horčinová Sedlačková V. , Korablova O. A. , Serafyn O. A. , Ostrovský R. , Rakhmetov D. B. 
Published: October 2024

Мета роботи. Проаналізувати загальний вміст фенольних сполук і компонентного складу летких сполук у насінні нового сорту «Різдвяна зірочка» Nigella damascena L. (чорнушка дамаська); також оцінювали морфометричні показники насіння цього сорту.
Матеріали і методи. Для аналізу якісного складу та кількісного вмісту летких сполук застосовано метод газової хромато-мас-спектрометрії (ГХ/МС). Використано хроматограф Agilent Technologies 6890 з мас-спектрометричним детектором. Кількісний вміст летких компонентів визначали з використанням тридекану як внутрішнього стандарту. Загальний вміст фенольних сполук визначали за допомогою реактиву Фоліна-Чекольту (метод Сінглтона й Россі). Морфометричний аналіз насіння проводили під світловим мікроскопом AxioCam MRc5 із застосуванням програми AxioVision Rel. 4.8.2.
Результати й обговорення. Серед виявлених летких сполук домінували терпеноїди: бета-елемен (34,01 %), гермакрен А (28,16 %) і дамасценін (21,97 %). Загальний вміст фенольних сполук у 80 % метанольному витязі досліджуваного насіння сорту становила (29,37±0,59) мг/г (у перерахунку на галової кислоти еквівалент). Крім того, проведений морфометричний аналіз дав змогу виявити основні морфологічні параметри цього насіння.
Висновки. У цьому дослідженні проаналізовано загальний вміст фенольних сполук та компонентний склад ​​летких сполук у насінні нещодавно виведеного сорту «Різдвяна зірочка» Nigella damascena та оцінено морфометричні характеристики цього насіння.
Exploiting Contextual Embeddings in Hierarchical Topic Modeling and Investigating the Limits of the Current Evaluation Metrics
Authors: Viegas Felipe , Pereira Antonio , Cunha Washington , França Celso , Andrade Claudio , Tuler Elisa , Rocha Leonardo , Gonçalves Marcos André 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We investigate two essential challenges in the context of Hierarchical Topic Modeling (HTM) – (i) the impact of data representation and (ii) topic evaluation. The data representation directly influences the performance of the topic generation, and the impact of new representations such as contextual embeddings in this task has been under-investigated. Topic evaluation, responsible for driving the advances in the field, assesses the overall quality of the topic generation process. HTM studies exploit the exact topic modeling (TM) evaluation metrics as traditional TM to measure the quality of topics. One significant result of our work is demonstrating that the HTM’s hierarchical nature demands novel ways of evaluating the quality of topics. As our main contribution, we propose two new topic quality metrics to assess the topical quality of the hierarchical structures. Uniqueness considers topic topological consistency, while the Semantic Hierarchical Structure (SHS) captures the semantic relatedness of the hierarchies. We also present an additional advance to the state-of-the-art by proposing the c-CluHTM. To the best of our knowledge, c-CluHTM is the first method that exploits contextual embeddings into NMF in HTM tasks. c-CluHTM enhances the topics’ semantics while preserving the hierarchical structure. We perform an experimental evaluation, and our results demonstrate the superiority of our proposal with gains between 12% and 21%, regarding NPMI and Coherence over the best baselines. Regarding the newly proposed metrics, our results reveal that Uniqueness and SHS can capture relevant information about the structure of the hierarchical topics that traditional metrics cannot.
Bayesian evidence for the neural dissociation between finger and hand imitation skills
Authors: Rosenzopf Hannah , Röhrig Lisa , Goldenberg Georg , Karnath Hans-Otto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For limb apraxia—a heterogeneous disorder of higher motor cognition following stroke—an enduring debate has arisen regarding the existence of dissociating neural correlates for finger and hand gestures in the left hemisphere. We re-assessed this question asking whether previous attempts analyzing pooled samples of patients with deficits in only one and patients with deficits in both imitation types might have led to systematically biased results. We conducted frequentist and Bayesian, voxelwise, and regionwise lesion symptom mappings on (i) the full sample (N = 96) in which all patients with hand and/or finger imitation apraxia as well as without apraxia were included and (ii) three sub-samples, which excluded those patients from the full sample showing isolated hand imitation deficits, isolated finger imitation deficits or shared (finger and hand) imitation deficits. Anatomical analyses revealed a cortical dissociation of finger imitation deficits (located more anteriorly) and of hand imitation deficits (located more posteriorly). The presence of patients with shared deficits did, indeed, dilute associations that appeared stronger in the respective isolated samples. Also, brain regions truly associated with hand imitation deficits showed a positive bias for finger imitation deficits, when the sample contained patients with shared deficits. In addition, our frequentist parameters uncovered that some of our Bayesian evidence supported reverse associations (damage protecting from rather than increasing the deficit). Anatomo-behavioral analyses that analyze patients with shared (hand and finger) and isolated (hand or finger) imitation deficits together in one sample do, indeed, lead to undesirable biases. This explains why some earlier studies failed to detect the apparent neural dissociation between hand and finger imitation deficits.
Structural projections to the nucleus accumbens link to impulsive
components of human risk preference
Authors: Tisdall Loreen , MacNiven Kelly , Leong Josiah , Frey Renato , Rieskamp Jörg , Hertwig Ralph , Knutson Brian , Mata Rui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Functional responses in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) to risk- and reward-related cues can predict real-life risk-taking behavior. Since NAcc activity depends on neurotransmission from connected brain regions, projections to the NAcc may also predict risk preference. To quantify risk preference, we employed latent variables previously derived in a comprehensive, independent study examining the psychometric structure of risk preference, which yielded a general risk preference factor as well as several specific factors, including a factor capturing impulsivity. Informed by previous work, we preregistered a set of hypotheses concerning the association between different risk preference factors and fractional anisotropy (or FA, which is sensitive to fiber coherence) for projections to the NAcc from Medial PreFrontal Cortex (MPFC), Anterior Insula, Amygdala, and an inferior tract from the Ventral Tegmental Area (iVTA). We tested our hypotheses in a community sample of 125 healthy human adults. As predicted, bilateral iVTA-NAcc tract FA showed a negative correlation with a psychometric factor that captured impulsivity, generalizing findings from prior research. Also as predicted, FA of the bilateral Amygdala-NAcc tract was positively associated with the impulsivity factor. Contrary to predictions, however, we observed no robust associations between the general risk preference factor and FA for projections from bilateral MPFC, right Anterior Insula, or bilateral Amygdala to the NAcc. Notably, exploratory unilateral analyses revealed an association between the general risk preference factor and left MPFC-NAcc tract FA. Taken together, these findings suggest that impulse control as a facet of risk preference maps onto specific neurobiological targets, while more general facets of risk preference may be supported by structural properties of lateral fronto-striatal projections. Although the exact associated functional mechanisms remain to be fully clarified, conNAcctomic approaches like the one presented here could pave the way for further research into the physiological foundations of risk preference and related constructs.
Balance of power: The choice between trial and participant numbers to
optimise the detection of phase-dependent effects
Authors: Geffen Asher , Bland Nicholas , Sale Martin V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The fields of neuroscience and psychology are currently in the midst of a so-called reproducibility crisis, with growing concerns regarding a history of weak effect sizes and low statistical power in much of the research published in these fields over the last few decades. Whilst the traditional approach for addressing this criticism has been to increase participant sample sizes, there are many research contexts in which the number of trials per participant may be of equal importance. The present study aimed to compare the relative importance of participants and trials in the detection of phase-dependent phenomena, which are measured across a range of neuroscientific contexts (e.g., neural oscillations, non-invasive brain stimulation). This was achievable within a simulated environment where one can manipulate the strength of this phase dependency in two types of outcome variables: one with normally distributed residuals (idealistic) and one comparable with motor-evoked potentials (an MEP-like variable). We compared the statistical power across thousands of experiments with the same number of sessions per experiment but with different proportions of participants and number of sessions per participant (30 participants × 1 session, 15 participants × 2 sessions, and 10 participants × 3 sessions), with the trials being pooled across sessions for each participant. These simulations were performed for both outcome variables (idealistic and MEP-like) and four different effect sizes (0.075—“weak,” 0.1—“moderate,” 0.125—“strong,” 0.15—“very strong”), as well as separate control scenarios with no true effect. Across all scenarios with (true) discoverable effects, and for both outcome types, there was a statistical benefit for experiments maximising the number of trials rather than the number of participants (i.e., it was always beneficial to recruit fewer participants but have them complete more trials). These findings emphasise the importance of obtaining sufficient individual-level data rather than simply increasing number of participants.
Heritability and genetic contribution analysis of structural-functional coupling in human brain
Authors: Dai Wei , Zhang Zhengwu , Song Peihan , Zhang Heping , Zhao Yize 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The flow of functional connectivity (FC) is thought to be supported by white matter structural connectivity (SC). While research on the correlations between SC and FC (SC-FC coupling) has progressed, the genetic implications of SC-FC coupling have not been thoroughly examined. Traditionally, SC-FC coupling investigations utilize predefined atlases. Here, we adopted an atlas-free SC-FC coupling built on the high-resolution white surface (the interface of white matter and gray matter) to uncover common genetic variations. Leveraging data from the Human Connectome Project, we demonstrated considerable heritability in areas within the early and intermediate visual cortex and across dorsal-attention, language, and somatomotor functional networks. We detected 334 genetic loci (spanning 234 cytogenetic bands) linked to SC-FC coupling (P &lt; 1.26 × 10−11), notably in cingulo-opercular, somatomotor, and default mode networks. Using an external dataset from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, we confirmed 187 cytogenetic bands associated with SC-FC coupling across 22 brain regions (P &lt; 1 × 10-5). Genetic correlation analyses revealed high genetic interrelatedness for SC-FC coupling in neighboring regions. Furthermore, it showed genetic correlations with a spectrum of complex traits, encompassing various neurological and psychiatric conditions. In essence, our study paves the way towards deciphering the genetic interplay between structural and functional connectivity of the brain.