bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interspecies understanding: exotic animals and their handlers at the Italian Renaissance court
Authors: Cockram Sarah 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn February 1492 Lodovico Sforza sent Francesco Gonzaga, marquis of Mantua, some particularly fierce lions, accompanied by an expert to instruct the animals’ new keepers in how to handle them. Animals such as these – exotic, valuable, and difficult to keep – were sent between courts along with humans who had specialized knowledge of their training and care. The importance of such specialists in Renaissance Italy has hitherto been neglected. These were experts such as the mahout of the pope's elephant; Ercole d'Este's cheetah trainers in Ferrara; the custodian of the Medici giraffe; or the Florentine handler responsible for trying to stop a lion mauling a fourteen‐year‐old boy who entered the enclosure. Using archival, visual and literary sources, this article argues that these experts had a central role in court culture, whether they were Europeans or came from the animals’ native lands. In common with hunt‐ or racing‐related professionals, with whom they shared experience of animals, handlers of the exotic were important members of the court hierarchy. They were crucial too in the gift economy and the international animal trade. Handlers can be seen as brokers and mediators between the worlds they traversed. They moved between cultures, transporting foreign creatures and techniques to far‐away places; between the collections and expertise available at different European centres; and, at the heart of the skill of the accomplished animal handler, between the realms of human and animal. The handlers’ expertise was predicated on interspecies understanding as they maintained and trained animals through an intimate awareness of the creatures’ requirements and natures. Understanding might be reciprocated too by the animal, not only in a response to training but in interaction and co‐operation. The world of keepers and their exotic animal charges in Renaissance Italy thus offers important new insights into inter‐relationships of human to human, state to state, culture to culture, and human to animal.
Cryotherapy induces an increase in muscle stiffness
Authors: Point M. , Guilhem G. , Hug F. , Nordez A. , Frey A. , Lacourpaille L. 
Published: March 2017

Although cold application (ie, cryotherapy) may be useful to treat sports injuries and to prevent muscle damage, it is unclear whether it has adverse effects on muscle mechanical properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of air‐pulsed cryotherapy on muscle stiffness estimated using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Myoelectrical activity, ankle passive torque, shear modulus (an index of stiffness), and muscle temperature of the gastrocnemius medialis were measured before, during an air‐pulsed cryotherapy (−30°C) treatment of four sets of 4 minutes with 1‐minute recovery in between and during a 40 minutes postcryotherapy period. Muscle temperature significantly decreased after the second set of treatment (10 minutes: 32.3±2.5°C; P<.001), peaked at 29 minutes (27.9±2.2°C; P<.001) and remained below baseline values at 60 minutes (29.5±2.0°C; P<.001). Shear modulus increased by +11.5±11.8% after the second set (10 minutes; P=.011), peaked at 30 minutes (+34.7±42.6%; P<.001), and remained elevated until the end of the post‐treatment period (+25.4±17.1%; P<.001). These findings provide evidence that cryotherapy induces an increase in muscle stiffness. This acute change in muscle mechanical properties may lower the amount of stretch that the muscle tissue is able to sustain without subsequent injury. This should be considered when using cryotherapy in athletic practice.
Probable walnut‐induced anaphylactic reaction in a dog
Authors: Rostaher Ana , Fischer Nina Maria , Kümmerle‐Fraune Claudia , Couturier Nicolas , Jacquenet Sandrine , Favrot Claude 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundAnaphylaxis due to nuts is frequent in humans; to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it has not been reported previously in dogs.Case reportA 5‐year‐old female, intact, Vizsla dog was presented with acute diarrhoea, vomiting, respiratory distress and erythematous wheals. The dog had eaten walnuts, which she had been fed in small amounts for years, hours before the onset of clinical signs. A diagnosis of generalized anaphylaxis was made. Skin testing and Western blotting revealed positive results with walnuts and hazelnuts.Conclusions and clinical importanceThis case report illustrates the need for a thorough food history and for recognition that a dog may experience severe allergic reactions to unusual and regularly fed food items. It also shows that allergen specific tests may help to confirm the diagnosis and help in planning the dog's future dietary regime.
Normal intracranial BS/BSOB ratio values in the first trimester of single gestations with live fetuses in a Korean population
Authors: Yang Sung Hee , An Hyun Sook , Lee Jin Soo , Kim Changsoo 
Published: March 2017

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the normal length of the brainstem (BS) in Korean fetuses and to evaluatethe usefulness of the routine measurement of BS size in the first trimester of pregnancy for the early detection of spina bifida.Material and methods: A total of 2,621 normal singleton pregnant Korean women at 10+6 to 13+6 weeks of gestation were selected for this retrospective cross-sectional study. Ultrasonography was used to measure the length of the longest vertical depth diameter of the BS and brainstem-occipital bone (BSOB) in order to obtain the BS to BSOB ratio.Results: The best indicators for spina bifida ranged from 1.00±0.24 mm to 4.70±0.46 mm for the BS and from 2.90±0.36 mm to 8.50±0.92 mm for the BSOB. For the gestational period, BS (R=0.70) and BSOB (R=0.81) values were considered statistically significant (p<.0001). The value of the BS to BSOB ratio was <1.0 in normal fetuses, and was not correlated with the gestational age.Conclusion: Measurement of BS and BSOB diameter in the first trimester is thought to provide the best reference marker for evaluating the posterior brain for diagnosis of spina bifida.
Ultrasonographic findings in hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome: a case report
Authors: Damian Laura Otilia , Fufezan Otilia , Farcău Mihaela , Tătar Simona , Lazăr Călin , Farcău Dorin-Ioan 
Published: March 2017

Hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome due to mevalonate kinase deficiency is a rare autoinflammatory disease with digestive tract involvement. We report an 11-year female child who has presented since the age of 1 year, bouts of fever, rash, joint swelling, pulmonary consolidation, lymph node involvement and hepatosplenomegaly. Hyperimmunglobulin D and increased urinary mevalonic acid were detected. The ultrasonographic features of hepatosplenomegaly ranged from increment in size to pseudotumoral involvement, with hypoechogenic masses without apparent wall. Abdominal CT during a disease flare showed hypodense, hypoenhancing nodular lesions, suggesting metastases. Nevertheless, a thorough search for malignancy was negative and the masses disappeared after the flare. Mevalonate kinase deficiency may add to the causes of hepatosplenic and pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors.
Genome Sequence of Enterovirus D68 from St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 2016
Authors: Wylie Kristine M. , Wylie Todd N. , Storch Gregory A. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) was rarely observed prior to a widespread outbreak in 2014. We observed its reemergence in St. Louis in 2016 and sequenced the EV-D68 genomes from two patient samples. The 2016 viruses in St. Louis differed from those we had sequenced from the 2014 outbreak but were similar to other viruses circulating nationally in 2016.
Draft Genome Sequences of Six Novel Picorna-Like Viruses from Washington State Spiders
Authors: Shean Ryan C. , Makhsous Negar , Crawford Rodney L. , Jerome Keith R. , Greninger Alexander L. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

We report draft genome sequences of six novel
Picornavirales
members from six different spider species found in Washington state. These six viral sequences distinctly clustered together phylogenetically with less than 35% amino acid identity to the closest reference viral genome.
Draft Genome Sequence of Ochrobactrum intermedium Strain SA148, a Plant Growth-Promoting Desert Rhizobacterium
Authors: Lafi Feras F. , Alam Intikhab , Geurts Rene , Bisseling Ton , Bajic Vladimir B. , Hirt Heribert , Saad Maged M. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Ochrobactrum intermedium
strain SA148 is a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from sandy soil in the Jizan area of Saudi Arabia. Here, we report the 4.9-Mb draft genome sequence of this strain, highlighting different pathways characteristic of plant growth promotion activity and environmental adaptation of SA148.
Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus succinus 14BME20 Isolated from a Traditional Korean Fermented Soybean Food
Authors: Jeong Do-Won , Lee Jong-Hoon 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of
Staphylococcus succinus
14BME20, isolated from a Korean fermented soybean food and selected as a possible starter culture candidate, was determined. Comparative genome analysis with
S. succinus
CSM-77 from a Triassic salt mine revealed the presence of strain-specific genes for lipid degradation in strain 14BME20.
Genome Sequence of
Talaromyces atroroseus
, Which Produces Red Colorants for the Food Industry
Authors: Thrane Ulf , Rasmussen Kasper Bøwig , Petersen Bent , Rasmussen Simon , Sicheritz-Pontén Thomas , Mortensen Uffe Hasbro 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Talaromyces atroroseus
is a known producer of
Monascus
colorants suitable for the food industry. Furthermore, genetic tools have been established that facilitate elucidation and engineering of its biosynthetic pathways. Here, we report the draft genome of a potential fungal cell factory,
T. atroroseus
IBT 11181 (CBS 123796).
Annotated Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis MTB13_M Isolated from Morocco
Authors: Lahlou L. , El Mrimar N. , Alouane T. , Laamarti M. , Karti S. , Benhrif O. , El Mesbahi H. , Lemriss H. , Bssaibis F. , Maleb A. , El Rarit S. , Zegmout A. , El Jaoudi R. , Frikh M. , Lemnouar A. , Dakka T. , Elouennass M. , Ibrahimi A. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we describe the annotated genome sequence of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
MTB13_M. The organism was isolated from a sputum sample in Morocco.
What drives inappropriate antibiotic dispensing? A mixed-methods study of pharmacy employee perspectives in Haryana, India
Authors: Barker Anna K , Brown Kelli , Ahsan Muneeb , Sengupta Sharmila , Safdar Nasia 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesThere are only 0.70 licensed physicians per 1000 people in India. Thus, pharmacies are a primary source of healthcare and patients often seek their services directly, especially in village settings. However, there is wide variability in a pharmacy employee's training, which contributes to inappropriate antibiotic dispensing and misuse. These practices increase the risk of antibiotic resistance and poor patient outcomes. This study seeks to better understand the factors that drive inappropriate antibiotic dispensing among pharmacy employees in India's village communities.DesignWe conducted a mixed-methods study of the antibiotic dispensing practices, including semistructured interviews and a pilot cross-sectional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice survey. All data were transcribed, translated from Hindi into English, and coded for themes.SettingCommunity pharmacies in villages in Haryana, India.ParticipantsWe recruited 24 community pharmacy employees (all male) by convenience sampling. Participants have a range of characteristics regarding village location, monthly income, baseline antibiotic knowledge, formal education and licensure.Results75% of pharmacy employees in our study were unlicensed practitioners, and the majority had very limited understanding of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, only half could correctly define the term antibiotics. All reported that at times they dispensed antibiotics without a prescription. This practice was more common when treating patients who had limited access to a licensed physician because of economic or logistic reasons. Many pharmacy workers also felt pressure to provide shortened medication courses to poorer clientele, and often dispensed only 1 or 2 days' worth of antibiotics. Such patients rarely returned to the pharmacy for the complete course.ConclusionsThis study highlights the need for short-term, intensive training programmes on antibiotic prescribing and resistance that can be disseminated to village pharmacies. Programme development should take into account the realities of working with poor clientele, especially in areas of limited healthcare access.
Impacts of Stratospheric Sulfate Geoengineering on Global Solar Photovoltaic and Concentrating Solar Power Resource
Authors: Smith Christopher J. , Crook Julia A. , Crook Rolf , Jackson Lawrence S. , Osprey Scott M. , Forster Piers M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn recent years, the idea of geoengineering, artificially modifying the climate to reduce global temperatures, has received increasing attention because of the lack of progress in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. Stratospheric sulfate injection (SSI) is a geoengineering method proposed to reduce planetary warming by reflecting a proportion of solar radiation back into space that would otherwise warm the surface and lower atmosphere. The authors analyze results from the Met Office Hadley Centre Global Environment Model, version 2, Carbon Cycle Stratosphere (HadGEM2-CCS) climate model with stratospheric emissions of 10 Tg yr−1 of SO2, designed to offset global temperature rise by around 1°C. A reduction in concentrating solar power output of 5.9% on average over land is shown under SSI relative to a baseline future climate change scenario (RCP4.5) caused by a decrease in direct radiation. Solar photovoltaic energy is generally less affected as it can use diffuse radiation, which increases under SSI, at the expense of direct radiation. The results from HadGEM2-CCS are compared with the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry–Climate Model (GEOSCCM) from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), with 5 Tg yr−1 emission of SO2. In many regions, the differences predicted in solar energy output between the SSI and RCP4.5 simulations are robust, as the sign of the changes for both HadGEM2-CCS and GEOSCCM agree. Furthermore, the sign of the total and direct annual mean radiation changes evaluated by HadGEM2-CCS agrees with the sign of the multimodel mean changes of an ensemble of GeoMIP models over the majority of the world.
The Diurnal Cycle of Tropical Cloudiness and Rainfall Associated with the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Sakaeda Naoko , Kiladis George , Dias Juliana 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study examines the diurnal cycle of rainfall and cloudiness associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) using TRMM rainfall rate and ISCCP multilevel cloud fraction data. There are statistically significant differences in diurnal cycle amplitude and phase between suppressed and enhanced envelopes of MJO convection. The amplitude of the diurnal rainfall rate and middle–deep cloudiness increases within enhanced MJO convection, especially over the ocean. However, the differences in diurnal cycle amplitude between enhanced and suppressed MJO are generally smaller than the differences in daily mean values, so that its relative contribution to total rainfall or cloudiness variance within enhanced MJO convection becomes smaller. Near the coastlines of islands within the Maritime Continent, the diurnal cycle amplitude tends to increase 5–10 days prior to the arrival of the peak enhanced MJO convection, but this relationship is weaker over the interior areas of larger islands where the climatological diurnal amplitude is already large. Within enhanced MJO convection, the diurnal rainfall peak is frequently delayed by about 3 h and cloud height decays at slower rate compared to suppressed conditions. More stratiform rainfall occurs following the peak convective rainfall within enhanced MJO convection, delaying the total rainfall peak by a few hours as a result of its greater horizontal extent. The results of this study suggest that the MJO modulates both the amplitude and phase of the diurnal cycle of tropical rainfall and cloudiness by influencing cloud type population distribution and associated rainfall rates.
What It Means to Become “More Resilient”: An Analysis of Local Resilience-Building Approaches in Three Florida Communities
Authors: Torres Hannah , Alsharif Kamal 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
From international to local scales of governance, resilience building is being presented as the way to prepare for impacts of both slow- and quick-onset disasters. Having transitioned from ecological to social applications, the concept of resilience has multiple interpretations, and definitions tend to emphasize both resistance to and acceptance of transformational change. The purpose of this research is to investigate how the concept of resilience is being conceptualized in three south Florida communities in order to understand and compare what ideal types and dimensions of resilience are prioritized at those local scales. To do this, content analyses of city and county documents were conducted to extract explicit definitions of resilience as well as implicit definitions based on context clues using carefully selected keywords. The term resilience appeared 684 times in documents from Broward County, Lee County, and the city of Punta Gorda, yet only one document provided any explicit definition. Based on a keyword analysis, the engineering resilience concept was most prevalent across all three study areas. Furthermore, keywords related to the dimension of the built environment were most common by far in Broward and Lee Counties. While this could indicate a need for communities to shift toward more progressive, social–ecological conceptualizations of resilience, a more central conclusion of this research is that local applications of resilience frameworks need to be more explicit about how they define resilience and what resilience building looks like in that particular context.
Finding and sustaining employment: A qualitative meta-synthesis of mental health consumer views
Authors: Fossey Ellie M. , Harvey Carol A. 
Published: March 2017

Background The viewpoints of employed people experiencing mental ill-health receive limited attention in reviews of employment-related research. Purpose To identify implications from studies investigating the employment-related views of people with persistent mental ill-health to guide the further development of employment supports available to this group. Methods Published qualitative studies between 1998 and 2008 were searched, resulting in 20 studies for qualitative metasynthesis. Findings Four themes were synthesized from the findings:(a) employment has varied meanings, benefits, and drawbacks to weigh up; (b) strategies for maintaining employment and mental health are important and both require ongoing, active self-management; (c) diverse supports within and beyond the workplace are helpful; and (d) systemic issues add to the employment barriers. Implications Strategies based on these themes highlight how occupational therapists could initiate improvements in employment support and mental health services to increase their success in enabling satisfying and sustainable employment.
The Nottingham Fatigue after Stroke (NotFAST) study: factors associated with severity of fatigue in stroke patients without depression
Authors: Drummond Avril , Hawkins Louise , Sprigg Nikola , Ward Nick S , Mistri Amit , Tyrrell Pippa , Mead Gillian E , Worthington Esme , Lincoln Nadina B 
Published: March 2017

Objective: To identify factors associated with post-stroke fatigue in a sample of stroke survivors without depression. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Setting: Recruitment was from four stroke units in the UK. Subjects: Participants were assessed within four to six weeks of first stroke; those with high levels of depressive symptoms (score ⩾7 Brief Assessment Schedule Depression Cards) were excluded. Main measures: Participants were assessed after stroke on the Fatigue Severity Scale of the Fatigue Assessment Inventory, the Rivermead Mobility Index, Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living scale, Beck Anxiety Index, Sleep Hygiene Index, 6m walk test, and measures of cognitive ability. Results: Of the 371 participants recruited, 103 were excluded and 268 were assessed. Of the latter, the mean age was 67.7 years (SD 13.5) and 168 (63%) were men. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale mean score was 4.96 (SD 4.12). Post-stroke fatigue was reported by 115 (43%) of participants, with 71 (62%) reporting this to be a new symptom since their stroke. Multivariate analysis using the Fatigue Severity Scale as the outcome variable found pre-stroke fatigue, having a spouse/partner, lower Rivermead Mobility Index score, and higher scores on both the Brief Assessment Schedule Depression Cards and Beck Anxiety Index were independently associated with post-stroke fatigue, accounting for approximately 47% of the variance in Fatigue Severity Scale scores. Conclusions: Pre-stroke fatigue, lower mood, and poorer mobility were associated with post-stroke fatigue.
Thin-section computed tomography findings in 104 immunocompetent patients with adenovirus pneumonia
Authors: Park Chan Kue , Kwon Hoon , Park Ji Young 
Published: March 2017

Background To date, there has been no computed tomography (CT) evaluation of adenovirus pneumonia in a large number of immunocompetent patients. Purpose To describe the thin-section CT findings of immunocompetent patients with adenovirus pneumonia. Material and Methods We prospectively enrolled 104 patients with adenovirus pneumonia from a military hospital. CT scans of each patient were retrospectively and independently assessed by two radiologists for the presence of abnormalities, laterality and zonal predominance of the parenchymal abnormalities, and dominant imaging patterns and their anatomic distributions. Results CT findings included consolidation (n = 92), ground-glass opacity (GGO; n = 82), septal thickening (n = 34), nodules (n = 46), bronchial wall thickening (n = 32), pleural effusion (n = 16), and lymphadenopathy (n = 3). Eighty-four patients (81%) exhibited unilateral parenchymal abnormalities and 57 (57%) exhibited lower lung zone abnormalities. The most frequently dominant CT pattern was consolidation with surrounding GGO (n = 50), with subpleural (70%) and peribronchovascular (94%) distributions. Consolidation—the second-most common pattern (n = 33)—also exhibited subpleural (79%) and peribronchovascular (97%) distributions. The dominant nodule pattern (n = 14) exhibited mixed (64%) and peribronchovascular (100%) distributions. A dominant GGO pattern was only observed in four patients; none had central distribution. Conclusion Although the manifestations of adenovirus pneumonia on CT are varied, we found the most frequent pattern was consolidation with or without surrounding GGO, with subpleural and peribronchovascular distributions. Parenchymal abnormalities were predominantly unilateral and located in the lower lung zone. If dominant consolidation findings are present in immunocompetent patients during the early stages, adenovirus pneumonia should be considered.