bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Two‐Step Approach to Extracting Sandy Beaches Through Integrating Spatial Semantic Information From Open‐Source Geospatial Datasets
Authors: Wang Zhe , Fang Zhixiang , Chang Jiayi , Wang Zhongyuan , Shen Weiming 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSandy beaches, widespread in coastal areas, provide valuable economic and ecological benefits. However, a substantial proportion of sandy beaches are undergoing erosion caused by marine disasters and human interventions. Advanced sandy beach extraction (SBE) approaches are indispensable to sandy beach observation and protection. This study proposes a novel two‐step SBE approach using remote sensing images and digital elevation models. First, sea–land segmentation is performed as a preparatory work. We model sea–land segmentation as an optimization problem and develop an improved NSGA‐II, SCS‐NSGA‐II, to solve it, considering both topographical and spectral costs. Second, a region growing algorithm is applied to generate the final sandy beach extents. The assessment results verify that (1) our approach effectively reduces the false‐positive rate, thereby resulting in more accurate SBE results compared with existing approaches. (2) SCS‐NSGA‐II ensures the diversity of individuals in spatial patterns and exhibits superior performance compared with NSGA‐II in this task.
Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer: The Novel Therapeutic Mechanism for Diseases
Authors: Liu Huimei , Mao Hui , Ouyang Xueqian , Lu Ruirui , Li Lanfang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMitochondria, the dynamic organelles responsible for energy production and cellular metabolism, have the metabolic function of extracting energy from nutrients and synthesizing crucial metabolites. Nevertheless, recent research unveils that intercellular mitochondrial transfer by tunneling nanotubes, tumor microtubes, gap junction intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles, endocytosis and cell fusion may regulate mitochondrial function within recipient cells, potentially contributing to disease treatment, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, glioblastoma, ischemic stroke, bladder cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This review introduces the principal approaches to intercellular mitochondrial transfer and examines its role in various diseases. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of the inhibitors and activators of intercellular mitochondrial transfer, offering a unique perspective to illustrate the relationship between intercellular mitochondrial transfer and diseases.
Design and Manufacture of SiC/SiC Nozzle Guide Vanes With Environmental Barrier Coatings for High-Pressure Turbines
Authors: Süß Fabia , Schöffler Robin , Friedrich Lion , Petersen Anna , Vogel Felix , Frieß Martin , Ebach-Stahl Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Increasing the efficiency of jet engines is essential to meet the demanded climate targets. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are strong candidates for aircraft applications because they withstand high temperatures, while their density is two-thirds lower than that of conventional nickel-based alloys. This leads to cooling air savings and a lower overall engine weight, resulting in a potential reduction of emissions. To investigate the potential benefits and manufacturing techniques required for the introduction of CMC to the high-pressure turbine (HPT) of a modern jet engine, the geometry of a nozzle guide vane of an existing turbine was redesigned considering ceramic specific constraints. Then, the liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) process was used to manufacture silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (SiC/SiC) nozzle guide vanes (NGV). Hi-Nicalon S woven fabric was used together with a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI)-based fiber coating. The outer surface of the vane was ground to meet the requirements for surface roughness, and geometric and positional tolerances. Cylindrical, laser-drilled cooling holes were introduced for trailing edge cooling. In the final step, an environmental barrier coating (EBC) system consisting of yttrium disilicate (Y-DS) and yttrium monosilicate (Y-MS) layers was applied using physical vapor deposition (PVD) processing. Wind tunnel testing under technology readiness level (TRL) 4 will be performed and vane performance will be evaluated.
An Analytical Study on the Effects of Non-Uniform Vane Spacing on Forced Response Reduction in a Mistuned Blisk Rotor in a Multistage Axial Compressor
Authors: Leng Yujun , Dodda Jhansi R. , Key Nicole L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Stators with non-uniform vane spacing (NUVS) have been sought as an effective way to reduce the rotor-forced response at certain resonance crossing of concern. A comprehensive experimental study has been conducted in Purdue three-stage axial research compressor to evaluate the effectiveness of the NUVS stator on reducing the forced response of the downstream rotor using strain gauge measurement. The experimental results showed that the classical estimation method failed to predict the reduction factor correctly, mainly due to the lack of consideration for the damping and mistuning effects. To better understand the experimental results, and to provide an efficient and more accurate analysis tool for the rotor forced response under NUVS stator excitation, a detailed analytical study was conducted in this paper. The blade-forced response was solved using an efficient, steady-state linearized approach. A single-blade analysis was done first to study the effect of damping. The case studies show that higher damping causes more overlap of the blade forced response from adjacent engine order excitations and, thus, increases the total normalized blade response under NUVS stator excitation. A mistuned blisk aeroelastic model was introduced next, with the mistuning effect modeled using the fundamental mistuning model. Both structural coupling and aerodynamic coupling effects can be included in the aeroelastic model. Similar to the experimental results, the mistuned blisk case study shows a large blade-to-blade variation in the blade-forced response under both symmetric and asymmetric NUVS stator excitation, even at a low, non-intentional mistuning level. A statistical study with 100 randomly generated mistuned blisks shows that the forced response reduction effect of a specific NUVS design could vary significantly with a small change of the mistuning pattern, which suggests that mistuning has to be carefully considered in the design, evaluation, and optimization of the NUVS stator.
“What Is Lost so That Other Things Can Be Sustained?”: The Climate Crisis, Loss, and the Afterlife of Golf
Authors: Millington Brad , Wilson Brian 
Published: September 2024

This article introduces sociological conceptions of loss to literature on sport to assess the “life” and “death” of golf courses—as well as the “afterlife” of golf terrain once golf courses close. As indicated by the quotation from Rebecca Elliott’s writing (2018) in our title, a loss framing differs from the concept of sustainability by considering practices that might be discarded to serve better environmental futures. We consider loss vis-à-vis three golf industry “outlooks”: (1) strategic and gradual loss, where loss serves an industry-friendly view of sustainability; (2) permanent loss, where courses “die,” potentially toward greener “afterlives”; and (3) transformational loss, where golf courses remain but are substantially changed. We conclude with reflections on loss and the study of sport beyond golf.
Transgenic overexpression of bmo-miR-6498-5p increases resistance to
Nosema bombycis
in the silkworm,
Bombyx mori
Authors: Hu Congwu , Deng Boyuan , Fang Wenxuan , Guo Bingyu , Chen Peng , Lu Cheng , Dong Zhanqi , Pan Minhui 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Microsporidia are unfriendly microorganisms, and their infections cause considerable damage to economically or environmentally important insects like silkworms and honeybees. Thus, the identification of measures to improve host resistance to microsporidia infections is critically needed. Here, an overexpressed miR-6498-5p transgenic silkworm line was constructed. Importantly, the survival rates and median lethal doses of the transgenic line were clearly higher after infection with
Nosema bombycis
. H&E staining and RT-qPCR analyses revealed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of
N. bombycis
in the transgenic larvae. Metabolomics analysis further revealed the presence of 56 differential metabolites between the two lines. KEGG analysis of these 56 metabolites found that they were involved in various amino acid and vitamin metabolism pathways. Notably, VB6 metabolism was enriched among the metabolites, and the pathway was well known for its involvement in the synthesis, interconversion, and degradation of amino acids. These suggest that miR-6498-5p modifies parasitic environments to inhibit the proliferation of
N. bombycis
by affecting the host amino acid metabolism. These results demonstrate the potential of microRNAs as biomolecules that can promote resistance to microsporidia and provide new insights and a new approach to generate microsporidia-resistant biological materials.

IMPORTANCE

Microsporidia have an extremely wide host range and are capable of infecting a wide variety of insects and vertebrates, including humans, and their lethality to multiple species often poses significant environmental management challenge. Here, we successfully constructed a microsporidium-resistant line in the silkworm, based on the overexpression of miR-6498-5p. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that miR-6498-5p efficiently suppresses the proliferation of
Nosema bombycis
by regulating the host VB6 metabolism, a key pathway for enzymes involved in amino acid transport and protein metabolism. Our study provides new insights for understanding host anti-pathogen defenses toward microsporidia.
A monoclonal antibody targeting the Nipah virus fusion glycoprotein apex imparts protection from disease
Authors: Avanzato Victoria A. , Bushmaker Trenton , Oguntuyo Kasopefoluwa Y. , Yinda Claude Kwe , Duyvesteyn Helen M. E. , Stass Robert , Meade-White Kimberly , Rosenke Rebecca , Thomas Tina , van Doremalen Neeltje , Saturday Greg , Doores Katie J. , Lee Benhur , Bowden Thomas A. , Munster Vincent J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus capable of causing severe respiratory and neurologic disease in humans. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics against NiV, underscoring the urgent need for the development of countermeasures. The NiV surface-displayed glycoproteins, NiV-G and NiV-F, mediate host cell attachment and fusion, respectively, and are heavily targeted by host antibodies. Here, we describe a vaccination-derived neutralizing monoclonal antibody, mAb92, that targets NiV-F. Structural characterization of the Fab region bound to NiV-F (NiV-F–Fab92) by cryo-electron microscopy analysis reveals an epitope in the DIII domain at the membrane distal apex of NiV-F, an established site of vulnerability on the NiV surface. Further, prophylactic treatment of hamsters with mAb92 offered complete protection from NiV disease, demonstrating beneficial activity of mAb92
in vivo
. This work provides support for targeting NiV-F in the development of vaccines and therapeutics against NiV.

IMPORTANCE
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly lethal henipavirus (HNV) that causes severe respiratory and neurologic disease in humans. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics against NiV, highlighting a need to develop countermeasures. The NiV surface displays the receptor binding protein (NiV-G, or RBP) and the fusion protein (NiV-F), which allow the virus to attach and enter cells. These proteins can be targeted by vaccines and antibodies to prevent disease. This work describes a neutralizing antibody (mAb92) that targets NiV-F. Structural characterization by cryo-electron microscopy analysis reveals where the antibody binds to NiV-F to neutralize the virus. This study also shows that prophylactic treatment of hamsters with mAb92 completely protected against developing NiV disease. This work shows how targeting NiV-F can be useful to preventing NiV disease, supporting future studies in the development of vaccines and therapeutics.
Experimental viral spillover across 25 million year gap in Rodentia reveals limited viral transmission and purifying selection of a picornavirus
Authors: Shepherd Frances K. , Roach Shanley N. , Sanders Autumn E. , Liu Yanan , Putri Dira S. , Li Rong , Merrill Nathan , Pierson Mark J. , Kotenko Sergei V. , Wang Zhongde , Langlois Ryan A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

When a virus crosses from one host species to another, the consequences can be devastating. However, animal models to empirically evaluate cross-species transmission can fail to recapitulate natural transmission routes, physiologically relevant doses of pathogens, and population structures of naturally circulating viruses. Here, we present a new model of cross-species transmission where deer mice (
Peromyscus maniculatus
) are exposed to the natural virome of pet store mice (
Mus musculus
). Using RNA sequencing, we tracked viral transmission via fecal–oral routes and found the evidence of transmission of murine astroviruses, coronaviruses, and picornaviruses. Deep sequencing of murine kobuvirus revealed tight bottlenecks during transmission and purifying selection that leaves limited diversity present after transmission from
Mus
to
Peromyscus
. This work provides a structure for studying viral bottlenecks across species while keeping natural variation of viral populations intact and a high resolution look at within-host dynamics that occur during the initial stages of cross-species viral transmission.

IMPORTANCE
Viral spillover events can have devastating public health consequences. Tracking cross-species transmission in real-time and evaluating viral evolution during the initial spillover event are useful for understanding how viruses adapt to new hosts. Using our new animal model and next generation sequencing, we develop a framework for understanding intrahost viral evolution and bottleneck events, which are very difficult to study in natural transmission settings.
Effects of exercise, metformin and their combination on glucose metabolism in individuals with abnormal glycaemic control: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Tong , Yang Qize , Feuerbacher Joshua F , Yu Bizhu , Brinkmann Christian , Cheng Sulin , Bloch Wilhelm , Schumann Moritz 
Published: September 2024

Objective
To compare the efficacy of exercise, metformin and their combination on glucose metabolism in individuals with abnormal glycaemic control.

Design
Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Data sources
Embase, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus.

Eligibility criteria
Randomised controlled trials involving exercise, metformin or their combined treatments in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included. Outcomes included haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), 2-hour glucose during oral glucose tolerance test, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

Results
407 articles with 410 randomised controlled trials (n=33 802) were included. In prediabetes, the exercise showed greater efficacy than metformin on HbA1c levels (mean difference −0.16%, 95% CI (−0.23 to −0.09) vs −0.10%, 95% CI (−0.21 to 0.02)), 2-hour glucose (−0.68 mmol/L, 95% CI (−0.97 to −0.39) vs 0.01 mmol/L, 95% CI (−0.38 to 0.41)) and HOMA-IR (−0.54, 95% CI (−0.71 to −0.36) vs −0.23, 95% CI (−0.55 to 0.10)), while the efficacy on fasting glucose was comparable (−0.26 mmol/L, 95% CI (−0.32 to −0.19) vs −0.33 mmol/L, 95% CI (−0.45 to −0.21)). In T2DM, metformin was more efficacious than exercise on HbA1c (−0.88%, 95% CI (−1.07 to −0.69) vs −0.48%, 95% CI (−0.58 to −0.38)), 2-hour glucose (−2.55 mmol/L, 95% CI (−3.24 to −1.86) vs −0.97 mmol/L, 95% CI (−1.52 to −0.42)) and fasting glucose (−1.52 mmol/L, 95% CI (−1.73 to −1.31) vs −0.85 mmol/L, 95% CI (−0.96 to −0.74)); exercise+metformin also showed greater efficacy in improving HbA1c (−1.23%, 95% CI (−2.41 to –0.05)) and fasting glucose (−2.02 mmol/L, 95% CI (−3.31 to –0.74)) than each treatment alone. However, the efficacies were modified by exercise modality and metformin dosage.

Conclusion
Exercise, metformin and their combination are efficacious in improving glucose metabolism in both prediabetes and T2DM. The efficacy of exercise appears to be superior to metformin in prediabetes, but metformin appears to be superior to exercise in patients with T2DM.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42023400622.
Patient journey and timeliness of care for patients with breast cancer in Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kibret Anteneh Ayelign , Jiang Heng , Yang Haifeng , Liu Chaojie 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionCancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, with breast cancer being one of the most commonly diagnosed types. Low-income and middle-income countries account for nearly half of all breast cancer cases and related fatalities. In Africa, mortality rates are higher and survival rates are lower compared with developed countries. Timeliness of care is a critical aspect of healthcare, but various studies and healthcare systems use different criteria and methods to measure it. Assessing the breast cancer care pathway and understanding the determinants of delayed care are essential for effective interventions. Therefore, this scoping review aims to evaluate the methods used to measure the timeliness of breast cancer care, identify specific points in the care pathway where delays are most frequently reported, and examine the factors affecting the timeliness of breast cancer care in Africa.Methods and analysisWe will conduct this scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley framework endorsed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. A scoping review of articles written in English concerning the timeliness of breast cancer care in the African context will be undertaken. Six electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, WEB Of SCIENCE and PsycINFO) will be searched to identify published literature on timeliness of breast care in Africa. Two reviewers will independently screen the articles at both the abstract and full-text stages, guided by predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The full texts of identified studies will be further examined and charted using a data extraction form guided by the Model of Pathways to Treatment framework. Publications describing the time to diagnosis and its associated factors in the contexts of breast cancer will be considered for inclusion, with no restrictions based on date of publication. Studies that are published in languages other than English and that do not focus on the timeliness of care or time-related aspects within the care pathway will be excluded. Evidence will be narratively synthesised and analysed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not needed as this scoping review does not involve collecting data from human participants. The results produced from this review will be submitted to a scientific peer-reviewed journal for publication and will be presented at scientific meetings.
Disability in childhood and the equity of health services: a cross-sectional comparison of mass drug administration strategies for soil-transmitted helminths in southern Malawi
Authors: Witek-McManus Stefan , Simwanza James , Msiska Rejoice , Mangawah Hastings , Oswald William , Timothy Joseph , Galagan Sean , Pearman Emily , Shaikh Mariyam , Legge Hugo , Walson Judd , Juziwelo Lazarus , Davey Calum , Pullan Rachel , Bailey Robin L , Kalua Khumbo , Kuper Hannah 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundSchool-based approaches are an efficient mechanism for the delivery of basic health services, but may result in the exclusion of children with disabilities if they are less likely to participate in schooling. Community-based ‘door to door’ approaches may provide a more equitable strategy to ensure that children with disabilities are reached, but disability is rarely assessed rigorously in the evaluation of health interventions.ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence and factors associated with disability among children aged 5–17 years and to assess the relative effectiveness of routine school-based deworming (SBD) compared with a novel intervention of community-based deworming (CBD) in treating children with disabilities for soil-transmitted helminths.SettingDeWorm3 Malawi Site (DMS), Mangochi district, Malawi.ParticipantsAll 44 574 children aged 5–17 years residing within the DMS.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDisability was defined as a functional limitation in one or more domains of the Washington Group/UNICEF Child Functioning Module administered as part of a community-based census. Treatment of all children during SBD and CBD was independently observed and recorded. For both intervention types, we performed bivariate analyses (z-score) of the absolute proportion of children with and without disabilities treated (absolute differences (ADs) in receipt of treatment), and logistic regression to examine whether disability status was associated with the likelihood of treatment (relative differences in receipt of treatment).ResultsThe overall prevalence of disability was 3.3% (n=1467), and the most common domains of disability were hearing, remembering and communication. Boys were consistently more likely to have a disability compared with girls at all age groups, and disability was strongly associated with lower school attendance and worse levels of education. There was no significant difference in the proportion of children with disabilities treated during SBD when assessed by direct observation (−1% AD, p=0.41) or likelihood of treatment (adjusted risk ratio (aRR)=1.07, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.28). Treatment of all children during CBD was substantially higher than SBD, but again showed no significant difference in the proportions treated (−0.5% AD, p=0.59) or likelihood of treatment (aRR=1.04, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.10).ConclusionSBD does not appear to exclude children with disabilities, but the effect of consistently lower levels of educational participation of children with disabilities should be actively considered in the design and monitoring of school health interventions.Trial registration numberNCT03014167.