bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does mindfulness prepare adolescents for value‐behavior concordance? Examining the role of value content
Authors: Warren Michael T. , Wray‐Lake Laura 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTGreat thinkers throughout history advocated living one's values, yet little research has examined factors that contribute to adolescents' value‐behavior concordance (VBC). Mindfulness may foster VBC via heightened awareness of values, but VBC for intrinsic values may be more adaptive than VBC for extrinsic values. To situate mindfulness in developmental context, we examined age and attachment security as predictors of mindfulness. We collected self‐ and parent‐report data from 299 families (Mage‐adolescents = 14.45,SD = 1.68; 51% female) from 42 US states to test these ideas. Results indicated that mindfulness was positively associated with intrinsic VBC but was negatively linked with extrinsic VBC, and both kinds of VBC partially mediated the link from mindfulness to meaning (but not life satisfaction). Attachment security was associated with higher mindfulness. Overall, mindfulness may deliver its benefits by helping young people avoid behaviors that align with extrinsic values.
Consecutive Cyproterone Acetate and Estradiol Treatment in Late-Pubertal Transgender Female Adolescents
Authors: Tack Lloyd J.W. , Heyse Robin , Craen Margarita , Dhondt Karlien , Bossche Heidi Vanden , Laridaen Jolien , Cools Martine 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Cyproterone acetate (CA) is an antiandrogenic progestin commonly used in adult transwomen to suppress endogenous androgens, often in combination with estrogens to induce feminization.

Aim
To assess the (side) effects and biochemical changes of CA alone and in combination with estrogens in adolescent trans-girls.

Methods
This study was a retrospective analysis of clinical and biochemical data from 27 trans-girls who presented at Tanner stage G4 and were treated with CA monotherapy for at least 6 months (mean = 12 months) and then in combination with incremental doses of estrogens (CA + E; mean = 16 months). Statistical analysis of data included paired or unpaired Student t-test or Wilcoxon signed-ranks or Mann-Whitney U-test as appropriate.

Outcomes
Anthropometrics, reported beneficial and side effects, safety parameters, and hormone levels.

Results
Physical changes included decrease of facial and non-facial hair growth. One third showed breast development under CA (Tanner stages B2–B3), which increased to Tanner stages B3 and B4 in 66.7% and 9.5% respectively, during CA + E. Reported side effects during CA and CA + E were breast tenderness, emotionality, fatigue, and flushes. No relevant weight changes were observed. Main safety parameters showed the following changes. Hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased and liver enzymes transiently and modestly increased during CA. Triglycerides and cholesterol levels slightly decreased during CA but returned to baseline during CA + E; glucose metabolism was unaffected. Relevant hormonal changes included a decrease in gonadotropins during CA + E and in total and free testosterone levels throughout treatment. Prolactin levels increased during CA and were restored during CA + E.

Clinical Implications
CA produced modest feminizing effects in trans-girls and therefore might be a valuable alternative in situations in which gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues are not the treatment of choice and/or are not reimbursed.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the first study to report on the effects of CA in the treatment of trans-girls and one of the few to report on the use of estrogens in this population. Limitations are the modest sample size and the retrospective nature of this study.

Conclusion
Treatment with CA in late-pubertal trans-girls overall was safe and well tolerated and induced mild clinical and biochemical feminizing changes. Rapid further feminization was observed with incremental doses of E.
Resistance to Military Occupation: An Enduring Problem in
International Law
Authors: Roberts Adam 
Published: May 2017

The fiftieth anniversary of Israel's occupation of certain Arab-inhabited
territories following its victory in the June 1967 war is a good time to reflect
on the question of how international law addresses resistance to military
occupation. This issue—and its counterpart, the rights of an occupying
power vis-à-vis resistance—has arisen repeatedly in connection
with this occupation. It has been at the center of polemical debates involving
Israel, neighboring states, and the Palestine Liberation Organization, in a wide
range of international fora including the United Nations. It has also arisen in
numerous other conflicts in the past half-century, including in Namibia before
it achieved independence in 1990, and in Iraq following the 2003 U.S.-led
intervention. The legal focus of this contribution is on the jus in
bello. Certain jus ad bellum and human rights
issues raised by occupation and resistance that inevitably intrude at certain
points will be mentioned in passing.
Human Rights Due Diligence in Law and Practice: Good Practices and Challenges for Business Enterprises
Authors: McCORQUODALE Robert , SMIT Lise , NEELY Stuart , BROOKS Robin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article considers the practices of companies worldwide in attempting to implement human rights due diligence (HRDD) as envisaged by the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Based on empirical research conducted through surveys and interviews, it analyses corporate practices in this area. It examines the responses of companies with reference to the core elements of implementing HRDD: identifying actual or potential human rights impacts; taking action to address these impacts; and tracking or monitoring the effectiveness of actions. In addition, the article places these practices in the context of the legal developments in the field of HRDD. The research shows the difference that dedicated HRDD – in comparison with non-human rights specific processes – can make in terms of identifying adverse human rights impacts of both the company as well as of those which are part of its business relationships.
Effect of Medicare’s Nonpayment Policy on Surgical Site Infections Following Orthopedic Procedures
Authors: Kwong Jereen Z. , Weng Yingjie , Finnegan Micaela , Schaffer Robyn , Remington Austin , Curtin Catherine , McDonald Kathryn M. , Bhattacharya Jay , Hernandez-Boussard Tina 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVEOrthopedic procedures are an important focus in efforts to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs). In 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) stopped reimbursements for additional charges associated with serious hospital-acquired conditions, including SSI following certain orthopedic procedures. We aimed to evaluate the CMS policy’s effect on rates of targeted orthopedic SSIs among the Medicare population.DESIGNWe examined SSI rates following orthopedic procedures among the Medicare population before and after policy implementation compared to a similarly aged control group. Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database for 2000–2013, we estimated rate ratios (RRs) of orthopedic SSIs among Medicare and non-Medicare patients using a difference-in-differences approach.RESULTSFollowing policy implementation, SSIs significantly decreased among both the Medicare and non-Medicare populations (RR, 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6–0.8) and RR, 0.8l; 95% CI, 0.7–0.9), respectively. However, the estimated decrease among the Medicare population was not significantly greater than the decrease among the control population (RR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8–1.1).CONCLUSIONSWhile SSI rates decreased significantly following the implementation of the CMS nonpayment policy, this trend was not associated with policy intervention but rather larger secular trends that likely contributed to decreasing SSI rates over time.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:817–822
Nearshore mixing and nutrient delivery along the western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Corbett D. Reide , Crenshaw Jared , Null Kimberly , Peterson Richard N. , Peterson Leigha E. , Lyons W. Berry 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe surface waters of the Southern Ocean play a key role in the global climate and carbon cycles by promoting growth of some of the world’s largest phytoplankton blooms. Several studies have emphasized the importance of glacial and sediment inputs of Fe that fuel the primary production of the Fe-limited Southern Ocean. Although the fertile surface waters along the shelf of the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) are influenced by large inputs of freshwater, this freshwater may take multiple pathways (e.g. calving, streams, groundwater discharge) with different degrees of water-rock interactions leading to variable Fe flux to coastal waters. During the summers of 2012–13 and 2013–14, seawater samples were collected along the WAP, near Anvers Island, to observe water column dynamics in nearshore and offshore waters. Tracers (223,224Ra, 222Rn, 18O, 2H) were used to evaluate the source and transport of water and nutrients in coastal fjords and across the shelf. Coastal waters are compared across two field seasons, with increased freshwater observed during 2014. Horizontal mixing rates of water masses along the WAP ranged from 110–3600 m2 s-1. These mixing rates suggest a rapid transport mechanism for moving meltwater offshore.
Effect of Sublethal Nickel Chloride Exposure on Crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus Ovary: An Ultrastructural, Autometallographic, and Electrophoretic Analyses
Authors: Zarnescu Otilia , Petrescu Ana-Maria , Gaspar Alexandra , Craciunescu Oana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCytological responses in different organs of sentinel organisms have proven to be useful tools for characterizing the health status of those organisms and assessing the impact of environmental contaminants. Our study shows that nickel (II) accumulated in both germ cells (oogonia and developing oocytes) and somatic cells (muscle cells, follicle cells) in the Astacus leptodactylus ovary. Muscle cells from ovarian wall show disorganization and the disruption of cytoplasmic microtubules and pyknosis of the cell nucleus. Follicle cells, both those that surround the developing oocytes and also those that are not associated with the oocytes contained within the cytoplasm vacuoles of different sizes, degenerated mitochondria, myelin bodies, disorganized microtubules, and pyknotic nuclei. The most evident pathological phenomenon was the alteration and disorganization of the basal matrix, which separates the ovarian interstitium from ovarian follicles compartment. Exposure to nickel induces cytoplasmic vacuolation in oogonia and developing oocytes, structural alteration of the developing yolk granules and condensation of the nucleoli. Ultrastructural autometallography has shown grains of silver-enhanced nickel inside the cytoplasm of the muscle cells with altered morphology, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and basal matrix of the follicle cells, and in intracisternal granules and developing yolk granules of the oocytes.
Lipoprotein-biomimetic nanostructure enables efficient targeting delivery of siRNA to Ras-activated glioblastoma cells via macropinocytosis
Authors: Huang Jia-Lin , Jiang Gan , Song Qing-Xiang , Gu Xiao , Hu Meng , Wang Xiao-Lin , Song Hua-Hua , Chen Le-Pei , Lin Ying-Ying , Jiang Di , Chen Jun , Feng Jun-Feng , Qiu Yong-Ming , Jiang Ji-Yao , Jiang Xin-Guo , Chen Hong-Zhuan , Gao Xiao-Ling 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHyperactivated Ras regulates many oncogenic pathways in several malignant human cancers including glioblastoma and it is an attractive target for cancer therapies. Ras activation in cancer cells drives protein internalization via macropinocytosis as a key nutrient-gaining process. By utilizing this unique endocytosis pathway, here we create a biologically inspired nanostructure that can induce cancer cells to ‘drink drugs’ for targeting activating transcription factor-5 (ATF5), an overexpressed anti-apoptotic transcription factor in glioblastoma. Apolipoprotein E3-reconstituted high-density lipoprotein is used to encapsulate the siRNA-loaded calcium phosphate core and facilitate it to penetrate the blood–brain barrier, thus targeting the glioblastoma cells in a macropinocytosis-dependent manner. The nanostructure carrying ATF5 siRNA exerts remarkable RNA-interfering efficiency, increases glioblastoma cell apoptosis and inhibits tumour cell growth both in vitro and in xenograft tumour models. This strategy of targeting the macropinocytosis caused by Ras activation provides a nanoparticle-based approach for precision therapy in glioblastoma and other Ras-activated cancers.
Exchange pathways of plastoquinone and plastoquinol in the photosystem II complex
Authors: Van Eerden Floris J. , Melo Manuel N. , Frederix Pim W. J. M. , Periole Xavier , Marrink Siewert J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPlastoquinone (PLQ) acts as an electron carrier between photosystem II (PSII) and the cytochrome b6f complex. To understand how PLQ enters and leaves PSII, here we show results of coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations of PSII embedded in the thylakoid membrane, covering a total simulation time of more than 0.5 ms. The long time scale allows the observation of many spontaneous entries of PLQ into PSII, and the unbinding of plastoquinol (PLQol) from the complex. In addition to the two known channels, we observe a third channel for PLQ/PLQol diffusion between the thylakoid membrane and the PLQ binding sites. Our simulations point to a promiscuous diffusion mechanism in which all three channels function as entry and exit channels. The exchange cavity serves as a PLQ reservoir. Our simulations provide a direct view on the exchange of electron carriers, a key step of the photosynthesis machinery.
Nash Equilibrium of Social-Learning Agents in a Restless Multiarmed Bandit Game
Authors: Nakayama Kazuaki , Hisakado Masato , Mori Shintaro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe study a simple model for social-learning agents in a restless multiarmed bandit (rMAB). The bandit has one good arm that changes to a bad one with a certain probability. Each agent stochastically selects one of the two methods, random search (individual learning) or copying information from other agents (social learning), using which he/she seeks the good arm. Fitness of an agent is the probability to know the good arm in the steady state of the agent system. In this model, we explicitly construct the unique Nash equilibrium state and show that the corresponding strategy for each agent is an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) in the sense of Thomas. It is shown that the fitness of an agent with ESS is superior to that of an asocial learner when the success probability of social learning is greater than a threshold determined from the probability of success of individual learning, the probability of change of state of the rMAB, and the number of agents. The ESS Nash equilibrium is a solution to Rogers’ paradox.
Effect of seed position and soil nutrients on seed mass, germination and seedling growth in Peucedanum oreoselinum (Apiaceae)
Authors: Kołodziejek Jeremi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThere is large variation in seed mass within P. oreoselinum (L.) Moench selected for the present study from two contrasting habitats: roadside and oak forest. Effect of seed position within a plant and of soil nutrients on seed mass, germination and seedlings growth were studied. Within an individual plant, seed mass decreased with umbel order and seeds from the central umbellet of the umbel were lighter than those from the outer edge, suggesting that variation in seed mass within an individual plant was due to the position effect. There was a significant relationship between seed mass and total germination. Covariate analysis showed the differences between sites in seed macronutrient contents were caused by respective differences in seed mass and soil macronutrients. This indicates substantial variation in the amount of reserves initially available for seedling growth. In conclusion, phenotypically-based variation in seed mass may arise from soil conditions, maternal traits or combination of the two. High variability in seed mass of P. oreoselinum favours its widespread geographic distribution. These results suggest that with respect to germination characteristics large seeds from primary order have a competitive advantage over small seeds produced on secondary umbels because they have higher overall germination.
Comparing the Success Rate of Dacryocystorhinostomy With and Without Silicone Intubation: A Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Control Trials
Authors: Xie ChuanQi , Zhang Lingling , Liu Yang , Ma Hong , Li Shuzhen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA previous meta-analysis reported no benefit for silicone intubation during dacryocystorhinostomy. However, the power of this meta-analysis was 0.274. Therefore, the benefit of silicone intubation remains controversial. We undertook a cumulative meta-analysis to evaluate the success rate of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with and without the use of a stent. Pubmed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched. Statistical power and trial sequential analyses were performed according to the result of the meta-analysis. Twelve randomized controlled trials involving 969 cases met the inclusion criteria. The success rates of DCR with and without intubation were significantly different (p = 0.006). The success rates of external DCR (EX-DCR) with and without intubation were also significantly different based on subgroup analysis (p = 0.002). The cumulative z-curves crossed the O’Brian-Fleming boundaries. There were no significant differences in the success rate in the endonasal endoscopic DCR (EN-DCR) subgroup or the occurrence of postoperative complications between the two groups based on the meta-analysis, and the z-curve did not intersect any trial sequential analysis boundaries. DCR with intubation achieved better results than DCR without intubation, especially in the EX-DCR subgroup. Differences in the success rate in the EN-DCR subgroup and postoperative complications between the two groups were underpowered to reach a conclusion.
Levels of Faecal Calprotectin and Magnetic Resonance Enterocolonography Correlate with Severity of Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ye Lei , Cheng Wei , Chen Bi-qin , Lan Xing , Wang Shao-dong , Wu Xiao-chen , Huang Wei , Wang Fang-yu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFew studies have evaluated the usefulness of fecal calprotectin (FC) or magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in diagnosing active Crohn’s disease (CD) of the small bowel. In the study, we investigated the reliability of FC and MRE in assessing the activity of ileal CD and further explored the relationship between levels of FC and MRE scores. A total of 221 patients were diagnosed with ileal or ileo-colitis CD in our department between July 2012 and October 2016. The global magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIA) correlated with the simple endoscopic score for CD (SES-CD) (r = 0.527, P = 0.005). When analysed segment-by-segment, a significant correlation was still observed (r = 0.590, P < 0.001). The SES-CD correlated closest with FC (r = 0.503), followed by CRP (r = 0.461), ESR (0.377) and the CDAI (r = 0.320). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, the FC cut-off value of mucosal healing was 213.1 μg/g, with 76.1% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity. As for MaRIA, a cut-off value of 6.8 for each segment provided a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 79.2%. No agreement between MaRIA and FC levels was found. In conclusion, a combination of FC levels and MaRIA could be effective in monitoring mucosal activity in patients with small bowel CD.
A new paradigm in sweat based wearable diagnostics biosensors using Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs)
Authors: Munje Rujuta D. , Muthukumar Sriram , Jagannath Badrinath , Prasad Shalini 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSuccessful commercialization of wearable diagnostic sensors necessitates stability in detection of analytes over prolonged and continuous exposure to sweat. Challenges are primarily in ensuring target disease specific small analytes (i.e. metabolites, proteins, etc.) stability in complex sweat buffer with varying pH levels and composition over time. We present a facile approach to address these challenges using RTILs with antibody functionalized sensors on nanoporous, flexible polymer membranes. Temporal studies were performed using both infrared spectroscopic, dynamic light scattering, and impedimetric spectroscopy to demonstrate stability in detection of analytes, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Cortisol, from human sweat in RTILs. Temporal stability in sensor performance was performed as follows: (a) detection of target analytes after 0, 24, 48, 96, and 168 hours post-antibody sensor functionalization; and (b) continuous detection of target analytes post-antibody sensor functionalization. Limit of detection of IL-6 in human sweat was 0.2 pg/mL for 0–24 hours and 2 pg/mL for 24–48 hours post-antibody sensor functionalization. Continuous detection of IL-6 over 0.2–200 pg/mL in human sweat was demonstrated for a period of 10 hours post-antibody sensor functionalization. Furthermore, combinatorial detection of IL-6 and Cortisol in human sweat was established with minimal cross-talk for 0–48 hours post-antibody sensor functionalization.
Entanglement concentration for arbitrary four-particle linear cluster states
Authors: Song Ting-Ting , Tan Xiaoqing , Wang Tianyin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCluster states, whose model are a remarkably rich structure in measurement-based quantum computation, hold high degree of entanglement, while entanglement is very fragile during the process of transmission because of the inevitable interaction with the environment. We propose two entanglement concentration protocols for four-particle linear cluster states which and are susceptible to the decoherence and the imperfect communication setups. In the first protocol, POVM operators are introduced to maximize the success probability, and the second protocol is based on cross-Kerr nonlinearity which is utilized to check the parity between the original particle and the ancillary particle. Both of the protocols have their own advantages. The first one can be easily realized in experiment by linear optics, while the one with cross-Kerr nonlinearity reach more than 90% success probability by iteration. Since the wide application of cluster states, the two protocols are efficient and valuable to different fields of quantum communication.
Accuracy of shear wave elastography for the diagnosis of prostate cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Sang Liang , Wang Xue-mei , Xu Dong-yang , Cai Yun-fei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMany studies have established the high diagnostic accuracy of shear wave elastography (SWE) for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa); however, its utility remains a subject of debate. This meta-analysis sought to appraise the overall accuracy of SWE for the detection of PCa. A literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases was conducted. In all of the included studies, the diagnostic accuracy of SWE was compared with that of histopathology, which was used as a standard. Data were pooled, and the sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated to estimate the accuracy of SWE. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PCa by SWE were 0.844 (95% confidence interval: 0.696–0.927) and 0.860 (0.792–0.908), respectively. The AUC was 0.91 (0.89–0.94), the PLR was 6.017 (3.674–9.853), and the NLR was 0.182 (0.085–0.389). The DOR was 33.069 (10.222–106.982). Thus, SWE exhibited high accuracy for the detection of PCa using histopathology as a diagnostic standard. Moreover, SWE may reduce the number of core biopsies needed.