Effects of bimanual vs unimanual motor actions on consumer behavior intention and attitude
Authors: Ramchandani Mukta , Bhattacharya Shantanu , Coste-Maniere Ivan 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This study aims to understand how unimanual and bimanual motor actions in the form of writing a message (handwriting and typing) influences consumer behavior intention and attitude.

Design/methodology/approach
Three studies have been conducted to understand how the method of writing (typing or handwriting) and moderator type of message (moderator: emotional vs. rational) can influence persuasion variables.

Findings
This paper shows evidence that bimanual and unimanual motor actions activate contralateral brain hemispheres and influence consumer behavior. Specifically, how the use of these motor actions leads to a change in behavior intention and attitude. Furthermore, how bidirectional behavior and role-reversal occurs when a unimanual vs bimanual motor actions are used to create an emotional or rational message.

Research limitations/implications
This research focuses on explaining cognitive implications of unimanual vs bimanual motor actions (typing vs handwriting) on self and specifically on consumers when they are exposed to situations of producing/creating a message. Adding further evidence to persuasion, behavior intention and attitude research in embodied cognition (e.g. Petty and Cacioppo, 1986b; Briñol and Petty, 2008), the role of haptic interfaces in online marketing and consumer behavior (e.g. Brasel and Gips, 2015). The authors did not collect any FMRI data but it can be the future scope of this work.

Practical implications
The novel findings of bimanual and unimanual motor actions have a direct application to the current scenario of the online reviews/surveys, which have become a crucial point for e-commerce businesses and retailers that require customers to give feedback. Since, consumer emotions can influence behavioral outcomes and decision making through sensory cues (Abdolmohamad Sagha et. al, 2022; Haase Wiedmann and Labenz, 2022). From this perspective, depending on the mapping/recording of the felt emotionality or rationality by the customer, the feedback method can be oriented in a way to reduce the effect of negative reviews. Further applications are suggested for retailers, increasing prosocial or sustainable behavior and attitudes.

Social implications
Marketing and advertising research conducted in different social settings is considered important in neuropsychology and neurophysiology research (Pozharliev et al., 2017). Therefore, this research can be extended to test in different social settings and marketing contexts, for example, in the virtual reality, metaverse and gamification. Thus, this research can serve as an avenue to examine the bimanual and unimanual motor actions in a scenario where the participants can combine several motor actions, for example, talking on the phone or walking while filling consumer reviews online/offline and wearing the VR devices like Apple Vision Pro and performing unimanual or bimanual motor actions.

Originality/value
Mapping of human behavior has always been done dependent on the cognition aspect and limited in its scope for embodied cognition. The results can be used for more direct and impactful ways of conducting surveys, feedback and handling communications for major businesses. In addition, it can be a helpful tool for message persuasion for a new brand or increasing awareness about sustainable consumption depending on typed or handwritten inputs by a potential consumer.