bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of molecular classification and treatment implications of pediatric brain tumors
Authors: Guerreiro Stucklin Ana S. , Ramaswamy Vijay , Daniels Craig , Taylor Michael D. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors and leading cause of cancer-related death in children. The advent of large-scale genomics has resulted in a plethora of profiling studies that have mapped the genetic and epigenetic landscapes of pediatric brain tumors, ringing in a new era of precision diagnostics and targeted therapies. In this review, we highlight the most recent findings, focusing on studies published after 2015, and discuss how new evidence is changing the care of children with brain tumors.

Recent findings
Genome-wide and epigenome-wide profiling data have revealed distinct tumor entities within, virtually, all pediatric brain tumor groups including medulloblastoma; ependymoma; high-grade and low-grade gliomas; atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors; and other embryonal tumors, previously called CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Whenever integrated with clinical information, many molecular alterations emerge as powerful prognostic markers and should thus be used to stratify patients and tailor therapies.

Summary
Optimal integration of this newly emerging knowledge in a timely and meaningful way into clinical care is a remarkable task and a matter of active debate. The historical morphology-based classification of tumors is being replaced by a genetic-based classification, and the first generation of molecularly informed clinical trials is underway.
Omes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Picoraro Joseph A. , LeLeiko Neal S. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTRecent advances in high‐throughput laboratory technologies and bioinformatics tools are redefining how we view inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Instead of 2 diseases, we now see a diverse set of molecular subtypes. Large‐scale investigation of the genome, exome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, microbiome, and epigenome are providing transformative insights into the pathophysiology of IBD, with the promise of accurately predicting prognosis and targeting therapy. Understanding these tools and their application is crucial to navigating the molecular era of IBD. This review aims to help the IBD clinician understand, appreciate, and eventually incorporate this coming paradigm shift to improve the care of children with IBD.
Previously Diagnosed HIV-Positive Persons: The Role of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–Funded HIV Testing Programs in Addressing Their Needs
Authors: Seth Puja , Wang Guoshen , Belcher Lisa 
Published: November 2017

Background
Increased HIV testing efforts have resulted in retesting previously diagnosed persons. This study examined Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)–funded HIV testing programs to evaluate how the needs of previously diagnosed persons are being addressed.

Methods
The following were examined by demographic and test setting among previously diagnosed HIV-positive persons in 2015: CDC-funded HIV testing, previously diagnosed HIV positivity, current care status, and linkage to care. In addition, trends of HIV positivity and previously diagnosed HIV-positivity were examined from 2011 to 2015.

Results
In 2015, CDC funded 3,026,074 HIV tests, and 27,729 were HIV-positive tests. Of those, 13,528 (48.8%) were previously diagnosed persons. Only 11.6% of previously diagnosed persons reported already being in HIV care; after excluding them, 62.1% of previously diagnosed persons were linked within 90 days. In addition, the percentage of previously diagnosed persons steadily increased from 2011 (25.9%) to 2015 (34.1%; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Almost half of all HIV-positive tests were among previously diagnosed persons, but only 11.6% were already in HIV care. Linkage is necessary among persons who already know their HIV status because they either were never linked or need to be reengaged into care. Barriers in linkage and retention among this group also need to be addressed.
Rabies: changing prophylaxis and new insights in pathophysiology
Authors: Ugolini Gabriella , Hemachudha Thiravat 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
Despite great progress in decoding disease mechanisms, rabies remains one of the leading causes of human death worldwide. Towards the elimination of human rabies deaths by 2030, feasible and affordable post (PEP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) must be available with expansion to rural areas in rabies endemic countries. Vaccination and population control of dogs, principal reservoirs and transmitters, must be done in concert.

Recent finding
Advances in the understanding of rabies neuropathogenesis and pathophysiology are reviewed, including recent experimental findings on host- and virus-specific mechanisms mediating neuronal survival and explaining clinical differences in furious and paralytic rabies. The forthcoming World Health Organization guide on rabies based on pathogenesis and immunization mechanisms data with support by clinical evidence provide new accelerated 1 week intradermal PrEP and PEP schedules. Rabies immunoglobulin injected into the wound only is endorsed at amounts not exceeding the dose interfering with active immunization. Potential therapeutics as designed in accord with rabies neuro-pathophysiology are plausible.

Summary
Clinical practice and rabies awareness can be leveraged by transboundary collaboration among different areas. Advancement in prophylaxis and perspectives on animal control offer a new path to conquer rabies by 2030.
Hepatic Falciform Artery Demonstrating MAA Uptake in the Anterior Abdomen Prior to Embolization
Authors: Patel Dhruv , Le Ken , Chaganti Joga , Mansberg Robert 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A 58-year-old man was referred for selective internal radiation therapy for locally advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Intra-arterial particle perfusion scintigraphy was performed with SPECT/CT following intra-arterial injection of 99mTc macroaggregated albumin. Angiography demonstrated a hepatic falciform artery, a feeding artery of the ligamentum teres, whereas scintigraphy demonstrated tracer uptake in the mid–anterior abdominal wall. The hepatic falciform artery was subsequently embolized and the repeat angiogram confirmed successful occlusion. Subsequent post–selective internal radiation therapy PET/CT images did not reveal any tracer uptake in the mid–anterior abdominal wall.
Socio-economic and institutional factors underlying efficiency of smallholder vegetable farms in Southwest region of Cameroon
Authors: Djoumessi Yannick , Afari-Sefa Victor , Kamdem Cyrille Bergaly , Bidogeza Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the efficiency of vegetable farmers within the tree-crop based rainforest agro-ecological zone in Southwest region of Cameroon.

Design/methodology/approach
The non-parametric data envelopment analysis method was used to evaluate technical and scale efficiencies while the Tobit model was used to identify factors affecting efficiency of vegetable production.

Findings
An econometric analysis result indicates that family size, education and extension service have significant impact on both technical and scale efficiencies, whereas credit service has significant impact on scale efficiency.

Practical implications
Future agricultural policies could include measures to improve the capacity of farmers to efficiently use existing resources.

Social implications
The study highlighted that encouraging more people to engage in farm labor and facilitating smallholder access to microcredit could render vegetable farmers more efficient.

Originality/value
In Cameroon, only a few studies have been conducted on technical efficiency. These encompass mainly cash and food crops. To the best of our knowledge, no single study has measured technical efficiency of vegetable farmers in forest-based farming of Cameroon.
Social capital and fiscal performance in India during 1991-2012
Authors: Dinda Soumyananda 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between social capital and fiscal performance using provincial sub-national state-level data in India during 1991-2012. Fiscal performance in India is based on social trust on fiscal institutions that emphasizes mainly social need for economic development.Design/methodology/approachPeople participation in public affairs or simply vote turnover in general election in India is taken to measure social trust on fiscal institution. Applying principal component analysis, the author constructs social capital index and examines the said relation also. Models are estimated using panel data techniques.FindingsStrong social capital reduces fiscal deficits. As one percent vote turnover rate rises, fiscal deficit reduces by 2.6-2.8 percent during 1991-2012. The empirical findings suggest that social capital indirectly controls the fiscal performance of the elected government. The results are robust to a number of control variables.Originality/valueThe strong political trust is established through high turnover rate and vote share in the election for formation of government that creates the platform for sound fiscal policy decisions.
Mirror, mirror: national identity and the pursuit of beauty
Authors: El Jurdi Hounaida , Smith Sandra 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This research aims to draw on social identity theory (SIT) and social comparison theory (SCT) to examine how social and cultural contexts influence the construction and pursuit of beauty ideals.

Design/methodology/approach
Sixteen Lebanese women aged between 18 and 45, from a range of backgrounds, were recruited for the purpose of this research. Interview questions probed the respondents’ female beauty ideals in relation to themselves and others. Photo-elicitation was used to facilitate and enrich each discussion.

Findings
The pursuit of beauty involves rich processes and is motivated by the search for an authentic self. Participants construct and pursue beauty ideals by mirroring views of their national identity through conformity, identification and subversion.

Practical implications
The pursuit of beauty is influenced not only by global media and celebrity culture but also by how respondents conceptualize their national identity. Beauty consumption serves two opposing functions in identity construction: social membership and distinction. Beauty, like fashion, serves as an indicator of taste that simultaneously includes the singularity and subjectivity of individual tastes.

Originality/value
This study extends research on the pursuit and consumption of beauty in several ways: it is situated in a non-western cultural context, it illustrates the usefulness of SCT and SIT in understanding beauty consumption and it highlights the role of mirroring processes in identity construction and beauty consumptive practices.
The business of black beauty: social entrepreneurship or social injustice?
Authors: Phipps Simone T.A. , Prieto Leon C. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the black beauty industry from a historical perspective and consider the fairness heuristic theory to determine if organisations in this industry are engaging in and promoting social entrepreneurship or contributing to social injustice. The paper explores the work of Annie Turnbo-Malone and Madame C.J. Walker, pioneers and stalwart entrepreneurs in the black beauty business, to discuss the controversial issue. Current and future applications are also investigated and presented.Design/methodology/approachPapers from earlier as well as more contemporary journals, news media and books were examined and synthesised to render a balanced view to aid in the entrepreneurship or injustice debate.FindingsThe paper concludes that decisions about fairness and justice involve perception and thus vary by individual, allowing a substantial case for the black beauty industry to both be commended for social entrepreneurship and condemned as a proponent of social injustice (distributive, procedural and interactional).Originality/valueOrganisations have substantial impact on individuals, groups, the community and society. A meaningful organisation encourages expression, perceptions of worth and constructive attitudes and behaviour, and refrains from reflecting excessive dictatorship or dehumanisation. This paper highlights both positive and negative organisational and societal issues concerning the business of black beauty, a relatively understudied topic in management in general and management history in particular, and it provides a unique lens from which to build awareness about entrepreneurship and justice and to effect needed change.
Not bad, just unhappy: diminished well-being as a motive for interpersonal deviance
Authors: Markova Gergana 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between diminished employee well-being and interpersonal deviance.Design/methodology/approachIn a survey, 380 employees from 107 organizations were asked about their psychological and social well-beings. Participants reported their experiences of irritation, depression and anxiety for psychological well-being. A modified scale of social well-being captured participants’ scores on social integration and social acceptance. Respondents also self-reported incidents of interpersonal deviance against coworkers.FindingsThe results demonstrate that only irritation, not depression or anxiety, was positively related to interpersonal deviance. Socially accepting individuals were less likely to engage in deviant acts against their coworkers. Furthermore, respondents scoring high on both neuroticism and depression were reporting more acts of interpersonal deviance.Research limitations/implicationsBased on these findings, the role of intent in the study of workplace deviance is discussed.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest that diminished well-being can be a catalyst for other negative outcomes in the workplace. Management should be concerned with the affective state of employees as the experiences of one person may translate into experiences for others. Given the complexity of human experiences, decision makers in organizations should consider emotional state and experiences in developing practices for deviance prevention. Attention and intervention initiatives devoted to improving well-being and social health of employees might be more effective than discipline policies.Originality/valueDeviant behaviors are often conceptualized as intentional acts. The findings of this research paper provide some evidence that factors other than harmful intend may motivate transgressions against coworkers.
Disentangling workplace innovation: a systematic literature review
Authors: Prus Iryna , Nacamulli Raoul C.D. , Lazazzara Alessandra 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consolidate the state of extant academic research on workplace innovation (WI) by proposing a comprehensive conceptual framework and outlining research traditions on the phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachThis paper systematically reviewed the literature published over the past 20 years, basing on a predefined research protocol. The dimensions of WI were explored with the help of thematic synthesis, while the research perspectives were studied by means of textual narrative synthesis.FindingsThe analysis suggests that there exist four research traditions on WI – built container, humanized landscape, socio-material macro-actor, and polyadic network – and each of them comprises its own set of assumptions, foci of study, and ontological bases. The findings suggest that WI is a heterogeneous process of renovation occurring in eight different dimensions, namely work system, workplace democracy, high-tech application, workplace boundaries, workspaces, people practices, workplace experience, and workplace culture. The analysis showed that over years the meaning of innovation within these dimensions changed, therefore it is argued that research should account for the variability of these categories.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for developing and implementing WI programs. Moreover, it discusses the role of HR in the WI process.Originality/valueThis paper for the first time systematically reviews literature on the topic of WI, clarifies the concept and discusses directions and implications for the future research.
Modeling of the fatigue crack growth in a railway axle under random loading
Authors: Zellagui Redouane , Bellaouar Ahmed , Mohammed Lachi 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The present paper aims to present a numerical modeling of a train bogie following a railway accident in the Algerian railway which clearly showed the presence of cracks at the level of the bogie axles.

Design/methodology/approach
Our approach consists of making a numerical modeling in dynamic under variable load taking into account the reality of several parameters.

Findings
The aim is to present a predictive model allowing the identification of the probable causes that are the cause of this premature deterioration. We have determined the lifetime and the influence of frequency on railway axle. Also, the influence of overload on railway axle. The numerical model will be directed by Ansys software.

Originality/value
Our study allowed us to understand the mechanical behavior of a railway axle under several loadings, and to determine the critical value of the final failure to avoid damage.
Managing seagrass resilience under cumulative dredging affecting light: Predicting risk using dynamic Bayesian networks
Authors: Wu Paul Pao‐Yen , McMahon Kathryn , Rasheed Michael A. , Kendrick Gary A. , York Paul H. , Chartrand Kathryn , Caley M. Julian , Mengersen Kerrie 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Coastal development is contributing to ongoing declines of ecosystems globally. Consequently, understanding the risks posed to these systems, and how they respond to successive disturbances, is paramount for their improved management. We study the cumulative impacts of maintenance dredging on seagrass ecosystems as a canonical example. Maintenance dredging causes disturbances lasting weeks to months, often repeated at yearly intervals.

We present a risk‐based modelling framework for time varying complex systems centred around a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN). Our approach estimates the impact of a hazard on a system's response in terms of resistance, recovery and persistence, commonly used to characterise the resilience of a system. We consider whole‐of‐system interactions including light reduction due to dredging (the hazard), the duration, frequency and start time of dredging, and ecosystem characteristics such as the life‐history traits expressed by genera and local environmental conditions.

The impact on resilience of dredging disturbances is evaluated using a validated seagrass ecosystem DBN for meadows of the genera Amphibolis (Jurien Bay, WA, Australia), Halophila (Hay Point, Qld, Australia) and Zostera (Gladstone, Qld, Australia). Although impacts varied by combinations of dredging parameters and the seagrass meadows being studied, in general, 3 months of duration or more, or repeat dredging every 3 or more years, were key thresholds beyond which resilience can be compromised. Additionally, managing light reduction to less than 50% can significantly decrease one or more of loss, recovery time and risk of local extinction, especially in the presence of cumulative stressors.

Synthesis and applications. Our risk‐based approach enables managers to develop thresholds by predicting the impact of different configurations of anthropogenic disturbances being managed. Many real‐world maintenance dredging requirements fall within these parameters, and our results show that such dredging can be successfully managed to maintain healthy seagrass meadows in the absence of other disturbances. We evaluated opportunities for risk mitigation using time windows; periods during which the impact of dredging stress did not impair resilience.
Accommodating temporary emigration in spatial distance sampling models
Authors: Mizel Jeremy D. , Schmidt Joshua H. , Lindberg Mark S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractModel‐based distance sampling is commonly used to understand spatial variation in the density of wildlife species. The standard approach assumes that individuals are distributed uniformly and models spatial variation in density using plot‐level effects. Thinned point process (TPP) models for surveys of unmarked populations (spatial distance sampling) better leverage the spatial information underlying individual encounters, and in the presence of within‐plot variation in density, may explain a larger proportion of the spatial variation in density. However, existing spatial distance sampling approaches are conditioned on the assumption that all individuals are present and available for sampling. Temporary emigration of individuals can therefore result in biased estimates of abundance.We extended spatial distance sampling models to accommodate temporary emigration (TPP model). Using simulations of a thinned inhomogeneous point process, we assessed the performance of the TPP model relative to the temporary emigration distance sampling (TEDS) model, which implies a uniform distribution of individuals. In addition, we compared inferences between TPP and TEDS models using data for two passerine species in Alaska.Parameter estimates from the TPP model exhibited improved coverage probability and precision relative to the TEDS model including a 26% reduction in the coefficient of variation (CV) of the population size estimate.In the applied example, the TEDS model indicated weak relationships between abundance and habitat covariates, whereas the TPP model indicated strong relationships for those same effects, suggesting that spatial distance sampling models can provide considerably stronger inference in the presence of within‐plot variation in density. In addition, the CV of the population size estimates for the two passerine species were 32% and 4% smaller under the TPP model.Synthesis and applications. We expect our extension accommodating temporary emigration will be a critical specification for spatial distance sampling models, particularly for studies assessing changes in the distribution and abundance of highly mobile species including passerines.