bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Language of Numerical Data and Figures in Internal Company Communications
Authors: Bowker Janet 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper looks at the language used to talk about numerical data and figures as part of in-house, computer-mediated audio-conferencing between managers and their staff in corporate settings. The data consist of a sub-corpus of oral presentations taken from a much larger self-compiled multi-document corpus of business communications. The research is aimed at describing the predominant pragma-linguistic features of these accounts of graphical and numerical data, the most appropriate and effective means of identifying and tracing these, together with the ways participants subjectivize their information and create relevance for their interlocutors, in this specific multi-medial, multi-modal business context. The features focused on include temporal and locational deixis, visual and spatial imagery and the use of time and tense. Findings show that these discourse creation processes play a significant part in the multi-functional character of the presentations, in enacting evaluation, persuasion and the construal of corporate-professional roles and identities. They also reveal something about the nature of virtual professional, communicative space, and the socially-situated creation of corporate-managerial discourse.
Hiking strap force decreases during sustained upwind sailing
Authors: Buchardt R. , Bay J. , Bojsen‐Møller J. , Nordsborg N. B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe hypothesis, that sailing upwind in wind speeds above 12 knots causes fatigue, which manifests as a reduction in exerted hiking strap force and/or maximal isometric voluntary contraction force (MVC) of the knee extensors, was evaluated. Additionally, it was investigated if a relationship exists between maximal exerted hiking force (hMVC) and sailing performance. In part 1 of the study, 12 national level athletes sailed upwind for 2 × 10 min while hiking strap forces were continuously acquired. Before, in between and after sailing periods, the MVC of the knee extensors was measured. In part 2 of the study, hMVC was measured dry land in a hiking bench and correlated with the overall results at a national championship. Hiking strap force decreased from the first to the last minute in both 10 min sailing periods (430 ± 131 vs. 285 ± 130 N, P < .001 and 369 ± 74 vs. 267 ± 97 N, P < .001, respectively), but MVC was similar before, between and after the two 10 min sailing periods (878 ± 215 vs. 852 ± 202 vs. 844 ± 211 130 N). In part 2, a significant positive correlation (r2 = 0.619, P < .01) was observed between hMVC and regatta results. In conclusion, upwind sailing in wind speeds above 12 knots causes sailing‐specific fatigue as evidenced by a marked reduction in exerted hiking strap force. However, MVC of the knee extensors was not compromised ∼45 s after hiking was terminated. Additionally, sailing performance is related to maximal hiking force.
Interaction between motor ability and skill learning in children: Application of implicit and explicit approaches
Authors: Maxwell Jon P. , Capio Catherine M. , Masters Rich S.W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe benefits of implicit and explicit motor learning approaches in young adults have been studied extensively, but much less in children. This study investigated the relationship between fundamental motor ability and implicit/explicit learning in children using the errorless learning paradigm. First, the motor ability of 261 children (142 boys, 119 girls) aged 9–12 years (M = 9.74, SD = 0.67) was measured. Second, children with motor ability scores in the upper and lower quartile learned a golf‐putting skill in either an errorless (implicit) or errorful (explicit) learning condition. Four groups were formed: Errorless High‐Ability (n = 13), Errorless Low‐Ability (n = 11), Errorful High‐Ability (n = 10), and Errorful Low‐Ability (n = 11). Learning consisted of 300 practice trials, while testing included a 50‐trial retention test, followed by a 50‐trial secondary task transfer test, and another 50‐trial retention test. The results showed that for high‐ and low‐ability errorless learners, motor performance was unaffected by the secondary task, as was the case for high‐ability errorful learners. Low‐ability errorful learners performed worse with a secondary task and were significantly poorer than the corresponding high‐ability group. These results suggest that implicit motor learning (errorless) may be beneficial for children with low motor ability. The findings also show a trend that children of high motor ability might benefit from learning explicitly (errorful). Further research is recommended to examine the compatibility of implicit and explicit approaches for children of different abilities.
The impact of physical growth and relative age effect on assessment in physical education
Authors: Dalen Terje , Ingvaldsen Rolf Petter , Roaas Truls Valland , Pedersen Arve Vorland , Steen Ingebrigt , Aune Tore Kristian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPhysical education (PE) is perhaps the school subject most likely to produce relative age effects (RAE). Like in sports, physical maturity gives students an advantage in PE, which might well be mistaken for superior ability. The aim of the present study is to investigate the extent to which physical growth, measured as height, and RAE reflect the assessment in Norwegian PE. Furthermore, we wanted to examine whether there is any gender differences in the assessment in PE as a function of physical growth and RAE. The participants (n = 2978) were pupils in the last three years of secondary school (13–16 years old). A custom‐made questionnaire was designed to collect the necessary data. The correlations between height and mark in PE for boys in 8th, 9th, and 10th grades are respectively r = 0.14, r = 0.32, and r = 0.29. For girls, the correlations are r = 0.11, r = 0.33, and r = 0.21. All correlations are significant (p < .05). The number of pupils achieving top marks was 114 in the first half of the year, whereas it was 65 in the second half of the year. The present study showed that physical growth has an impact on the pupils’ PE attainment. The physical growth is of course also mediated by the pupils’ age. RAEs were found in PE attainments also in the Norwegian school system for both genders, despite all the intentions expressed in the PE curriculum.
Brain tumor biobanking in the precision medicine era: building a high-quality resource for translational research in neuro-oncology
Authors: Ostrom Quinn T , Devine Karen , Fulop Jordonna , Wolinsky Yingli , Liao Peter , Stetson Lindsay , Couce Marta , Sloan Andrew E , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The growth of precision medicine has made access to biobanks with high-quality, well-annotated neuro-oncology biospecimens critical. Developing and maintaining neuro-oncology biobanks is best accomplished through multidisciplinary collaboration between clinicians and researchers. Balancing the needs and leveraging the skills of all stakeholders in this multidisciplinary effort is of utmost importance. Collaboration with a multidisciplinary team of clinicians, health care team members, and institutions, as well as patients and their families, is essential for access to participants in order to obtain informed consent, collect samples under strict standard operating procedures, and accurate and relevant clinical annotation. Once a neuro-oncology biobank is established, development and implementation of policies related to governance and distribution of biospecimens (both within and outside the institution) is of critical importance for sustainability. Proper implementation of a governance process helps to ensure that the biospecimens and data can be utilized in research with the largest potential benefit. New NIH and peer-reviewed journal policies related to public sharing of ‘omic’ data generated from stored biospecimens create new ethical challenges that must be addressed in developing informed consents, protocols, and standard operating procedures. In addition, diversification of sources of funding for the biobanks is needed for long-term sustainability.
Serial Procalcitonin as a Predictor of Bacteremia and Need for Intensive Care Unit Care in Adults With Pneumonia, Including Those With Highest Severity: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: McCluskey Suzanne M. , Schuetz Philipp , Abers Michael S. , Bearnot Benjamin , Morales Maria E. , Hoffman Debora , Patel Shreya , Rosario Lauren , Chiappa Victor , Parry Blair A. , Callahan Ryan T. , Bond Sheila A. , Lewandrowski Kent , Binder William , Filbin Michael R. , Vyas Jatin M. , Mansour Michael K. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a prohormone that rises in bacterial pneumonia and has promise in reducing antibiotic use. Despite these attributes, there are inconclusive data on its use for clinical prognostication. We hypothesize that serial PCT measurements can predict mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and bacteremia.

Methods
A prospective cohort study of inpatients diagnosed with pneumonia was performed at a large tertiary care center in Boston, Massachusetts. Procalcitonin was measured on days 1 through 4. The primary endpoint was a composite adverse outcome defined as all-cause mortality, ICU admission, and bacteremia. Regression models were calculated with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as a measure of discrimination.

Results
Of 505 patients, 317 patients had a final diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). Procalcitonin was significantly higher for CAP and HCAP patients meeting the composite primary endpoint, bacteremia, and ICU admission, but not mortality. Incorporation of serial PCT levels into a statistical model including the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) improved the prognostic performance of the PSI with respect to the primary composite endpoint (AUC from 0.61 to 0.66), bacteremia (AUC from 0.67 to 0.85), and need for ICU-level care (AUC from 0.58 to 0.64). For patients in the highest risk class PSI &gt;130, PCT was capable of further risk stratification for prediction of adverse outcomes.

Conclusion
Serial PCT measurement in patients with pneumonia shows promise for predicting adverse clinical outcomes, including in those at highest mortality risk.
Cold Thermal Irrigation Decreases the Ipsilateral Gain of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex
Authors: Tamás Laszlo T. , Weber Konrad P. , Bockisch Christopher J. , Straumann Dominik , Lasker David M. , Büki Béla , Tarnutzer Alexander A. 
Published: December 2016

Objectives:
During head rotations, neuronal firing rates increase in ipsilateral and decrease in contralateral vestibular afferents. At low accelerations, this “push-pull mechanism” is linear. At high accelerations, however, the change of firing rates is nonlinear in that the ipsilateral increase of firing rate is larger than the contralateral decrease. This mechanism of stronger ipsilateral excitation than contralateral inhibition during high-acceleration head rotation, known as Ewald’s second law, is implemented within the nonlinear pathways. The authors asked whether caloric stimulation could provide an acceleration signal high enough to influence the contribution of the nonlinear pathway to the rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex gain (rVOR gain) during head impulses.

Design:
Caloric warm (44°C) and cold (24, 27, and 30°C) water irrigations of the left ear were performed in 7 healthy human subjects with the lateral semicircular canals oriented approximately earth-vertical (head inclined 30° from supine) and earth-horizontal (head inclined 30° from upright).

Results:
With the lateral semicircular canal oriented earth-vertical, the strongest cold caloric stimulus (24°C) significantly decreased the rVOR gain during ipsilateral head impulses, while all other irrigations, irrespective of head position, had no significant effect on rVOR gains during head impulses to either side.

Conclusions:
Strong caloric irrigation, which can only be achieved with cold water, reduces the rVOR gain during ipsilateral head impulses and thus demonstrates Ewald’s second law in healthy subjects. This unilateral gain reduction suggests that cold-water caloric irritation shifts the set point of the nonlinear relation between head acceleration and the vestibular firing rate toward a less acceleration-sensitive zone.
Histologic Assessment of Lichenoid Dermatitis Observed in Patients With Advanced Malignancies on Antiprogramed Cell Death–1 (anti–PD-1) Therapy With or Without Ipilimumab
Authors: Chou Shaun , Hwang Shelley Ji Eun , Carlos Giuliana , Wakade Deepal , Fernandez-Penas Pablo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:
Lichenoid drug reaction is a common adverse reaction in patients taking immune-modulatory agents such as antiprogramed cell death (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen–4 agents. The authors describe the clinical and histologic features of lichenoid drug reaction in 20 biopsies from 15 patients on anti–PD-1 agents and 9 biopsies from 7 patients on anti–PD-1 plus ipilimumab therapy. Clinically, all except 2 patients presented with discrete, violaceous exanthematous papules to plaques. The lichenoid inflammation in the majority (18 of 29 biopsies) was florid although histology was quite heterogeneous. Nevertheless, there was frequent involvement of the superficial follicular epithelium and acrosyringium, and also a propensity to blister that occurred in approximately 20% of the biopsies. Occasional patients had disease closely resembling lichen planus, although all of these biopsies had some atypical features for lichen planus such as parakeratosis. Dermal eosinophils were common particularly in those with mild inflammation. The lichenoid reaction was responsive to topical steroid or oral systemic treatment in general, and the anti–PD-1 agent had to be ceased in only one patient.
The Selective Late Sodium Current Inhibitor Eleclazine, Unlike Amiodarone, Does Not Alter Defibrillation Threshold or Dominant Frequency of Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Silva Ana F. G. , Bonatti Rodolfo , Batatinha Julio A. P. , Nearing Bruce D. , Zeng Dewan , Belardinelli Luiz , Verrier Richard L. 
Published: December 2016

Introduction:
We examined the effects of the selective late INa inhibitor eleclazine on the 50% probability of successful defibrillation (DFT50) before and after administration of amiodarone to determine its suitability for use in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs).

Methods and Results:
In 20 anesthetized pigs, transvenous active-fixation cardiac defibrillation leads were fluoroscopically positioned into right ventricular apex through jugular vein. ICDs were implanted subcutaneously. Dominant frequency of ventricular fibrillation was analyzed by fast Fourier transform. The measurements were made before drug administration (control), and at 40 minutes after vehicle, eleclazine (2 mg/kg, i.v., bolus over 15 minutes), or subsequent/single amiodarone administration (10 mg/kg, i.v., bolus over 10 minutes). Eleclazine did not alter DFT50, dominant frequency, heart rate, or mean arterial pressure (MAP). Subsequent amiodarone increased DFT50 (P = 0.006), decreased dominant frequency (P = 0.022), and reduced heart rate (P = 0.031) with no change in MAP. Amiodarone alone increased DFT50 (P = 0.005; NS compared to following eleclazine) and decreased dominant frequency (P = 0.003; NS compared to following eleclazine).

Conclusion:
Selective late INa inhibition with eleclazine does not alter DFT50 or dominant frequency of ventricular fibrillation when administered alone or in combination with amiodarone. Accordingly, eleclazine would not be anticipated to affect the margin of defibrillation safety in patients with ICDs.
Fast and Adequate Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometric Determination of Z-endoxifen Serum Levels for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: de Krou Sven , Rosing Hilde , Nuijen Bastiaan , Schellens Jan H. M. , Beijnen Jos H. 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Z-endoxifen (further referred to as endoxifen, unless stated otherwise) is proposed as the most important metabolite of tamoxifen. Patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen treatment with endoxifen levels below the threshold of 5.9 ng/mL may have an increased risk of breast cancer recurrence. Several factors, such as genetic polymorphisms, drug interactions, and (non)adherence, lead to large interpatient variability in endoxifen exposure, resulting in a substantial number of patients showing subtherapeutic levels. As genotyping and phenotyping are not able to adequately predict endoxifen exposure, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) seems to be the best approach for tailored tamoxifen therapy.

Methods:
To support TDM services, a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of endoxifen in human serum was developed and validated. Validation was performed according to the latest US FDA and EMA guidelines on bioanalytical method validation.

Results:
The successfully validated serum assay quantifies endoxifen with a linear regression calibration model (weighted 1/x2) in the concentration range from 1.00 to 25.0 ng/mL. The assay was validated with an inaccuracy of ±7.7% and an imprecision of ≤3.9%, obtained with an IS normalized matrix factor of 0.925 and a signal-to-noise ratio of >66.

Conclusions:
All validation parameters fulfilled their acceptance criteria, and the developed assay is now successfully being used to support TDM services. Thus far, 32.7% of the more than 500 determined endoxifen serum levels were below the threshold of 5.9 ng/mL.
Near-complete Humerus Reconstruction in the Pediatric Patient with Vascularized Free Fibula Transfer
Authors: Shuck John , Wood Benjamin C. , Zarella Christopher , Oh Albert K. , Henshaw Robert M. , Rogers Gary F. 
Published: December 2016

Summary:
Vascularized free fibula transfer remains the gold standard for reconstruction of large segmental diaphyseal defects of the upper extremity. In the pediatric patient, before skeletal maturity, free fibula transfer with the fibular head provides an active physis for growth and an articular interface for glenohumeral joint reconstruction. Clinical and cadaveric studies have demonstrated that the vascular supply to the fibular head originates, in most cases, from the anterior tibial system. However, anatomical variation exists, and we report a case in which a vascularized fibula autograft including the physis was transferred on the peroneal artery in a 5-year-old patient with Ewing’s sarcoma. At 15-month follow-up, the patient has functional range of motion of the shoulder.
Anatomical Regional Targeted (ART) BOTOX Injection Technique: A Novel Paradigm for Migraines and Chronic Headaches
Authors: Amirlak Bardia , Sanniec Kyle , Pezeshk Ronnie , Chung Michael 
Published: December 2016

Summary:
Migraine headaches are a debilitating disease that causes significant socioeconomic problems. One of the speculated etiologies of the generation of migraines is peripheral nerve irritation at different trigger points. The use of Onabotulinum toxin A (BOTOX), although initially a novel approach, has now been determined to be a valid treatment for chronic headaches and migraines as described in the Phase III Research Evaluating Migraine Prophylaxis Therapy trials that prompted the approval by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of chronic migraines. The injection paradigm established by this trial was one of a broad injection pattern across large muscle groups that did not always correspond to the anatomical locations of nerves. The senior author developed the Anatomical Regional Targeted BOTOX injection paradigm as an alternative to the current injection model. This technique targets both the anatomical location of nerves known to have causal effects with migraines and the region where the pain localizes, to provide relief across a wide distribution of the peripheral nerve. This article serves as a guide to the Anatomical Regional Targeted injection technique, which, to our knowledge, is the first comprehensive BOTOX injection paradigm described in the literature for treatment of migraines that targets nerves and nerve areas rather than purely muscle groups. This technique is based on the most up-to-date anatomical and scientific studies and large-volume migraine surgery experience.
Developing an Organizational Model for Improvement: From Translation to Practice
Authors: Polancich Shea 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:
This department column highlights translation of research into healthcare quality practice. Achieving the highest quality in healthcare is a goal that requires focused attention and accountability. Standardization in practice through translation and application of evidence-informed practice promotes excellence in outcomes. To meet the goal of achieving the highest quality of care through evidence-informed translation and application in practice, organizations should outline a plan for developing, organizing, implementing, and evaluating evidence-informed improvement interventions. The purpose of this article is to provide an example for developing an organizational model for improvement from concept to application.
Psychometric Testing of a Religious Belief Scale
Authors: Chiang Yi-Chien , Lee Hsiang-Chun , Chu Tsung-Lan , Han Chin-Yen , Hsiao Ya-Chu 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
Nurses account for a significant percentage of staff in the healthcare system. The religious beliefs of nurses may affect their competence to provide spiritual care to patients. No reliable and valid instruments are currently available to measure the religious beliefs of nurses in Taiwan.

Purposes:
The aims of this study were to develop a religious belief scale (RBS) for Taiwanese nurses and to evaluate the psychometric properties of this scale.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was used, and 24 RBS items were generated from in-depth interviews, a literature review, and expert recommendations. The RBS self-administered questionnaire was provided to 619 clinical nurses, who were recruited from two medical centers and one local hospital in Taiwan during 2011–2012. A calibration sample was used to explore the factor structure, whereas a validation sample was used to validate the factor structure that was constructed by the calibration sample. Known-group validity and criterion-related validity were also assessed.

Results:
An exploratory factor analysis resulted in an 18-item RBS with four factors, including “religious effects,” “divine,” “religious query,” and “religious stress.” A confirmatory factor analysis recommended the deletion of one item, resulting in a final RBS of 17 items. The convergent validity and discriminate validity of the RBS were acceptable. The RBS correlated positively with spiritual health and supported concurrent validity. The known-group validity was supported by showing that the mean RBS between nurses with or without religious affiliation was significant.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
The 17-item RBS developed in this study is a reliable, valid, and useful scale for measuring the religious beliefs of nurses in Taiwan. This scale may help measure the religious beliefs of nurses and elicit the relationship between these beliefs and spirituality.