bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not All Stroop-Type Tasks Are Alike: Assessing the Impact of Stimulus Material, Task Design, and Cognitive Demand via Meta-analyses Across Neuroimaging Studies
Authors: Müller Veronika I. , Cieslik Edna C. , Ficco Linda , Tyralla Sandra , Sepehry Amir Ali , Aziz-Safaie Taraneh , Feng Chunliang , Eickhoff Simon B. , Langner Robert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Stroop effect is one of the most often studied examples of cognitive conflict processing. Over time, many variants of the classic Stroop task were used, including versions with different stimulus material, control conditions, presentation design, and combinations with additional cognitive demands. The neural and behavioral impact of this experimental variety, however, has never been systematically assessed. We used activation likelihood meta-analysis to summarize neuroimaging findings with Stroop-type tasks and to investigate whether involvement of the multiple-demand network (anterior insula, lateral frontal cortex, intraparietal sulcus, superior/inferior parietal lobules, midcingulate cortex, and pre-supplementary motor area) can be attributed to resolving some higher-order conflict that all of the tasks have in common, or if aspects that vary between task versions lead to specialization within this network. Across 133 neuroimaging experiments, incongruence processing in the color-word Stroop variant consistently recruited regions of the multiple-demand network, with modulation of spatial convergence by task variants. In addition, the neural patterns related to solving Stroop-like interference differed between versions of the task that use different stimulus material, with the only overlap between color-word, emotional picture-word, and other types of stimulus material in the posterior medial frontal cortex and right anterior insula. Follow-up analyses on behavior reported in these studies (in total 164 effect sizes) revealed only little impact of task variations on the mean effect size of reaction time. These results suggest qualitative processing differences among the family of Stroop variants, despite similar task difficulty levels, and should carefully be considered when planning or interpreting Stroop-type neuroimaging experiments.
In vitro morphogenesis, cryopreservation and induction of variability in bleeding heart (Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara): a review
Authors: Kulus Dariusz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis review explores recent advances in the biotechnology of Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara (commonly known as bleeding heart), a valuable ornamental-medicinal perennial. The article covers in vitro morphogenesis, cryopreservation techniques, and methods for inducing variability. The establishment of in vitro cultures utilized Murashige and Skoog medium enriched with various auxins, cytokinins, gold nanoparticles, and plant extracts, under both fluorescent and wide-spectrum LED lighting. Axillary bud activation and indirect somatic embryogenesis were more efficient, particularly in the presence of kinetin and picloram, respectively, compared to adventitious shoot regeneration. Significant cultivar differences were observed, with ‘Valentine’ being the easiest and ‘White Gold’ the most challenging to culture in vitro. To mitigate stress caused by classical growth regulators, alternative substances such as nanoparticles and natural extracts were used. Gold nanoparticles enhanced shoot proliferation and plantlet quality, while coconut and rice extracts improved survival rates during acclimatization. Enhanced metabolite production was achieved using exogenous auxins and gold nanoparticles. Guaiacol peroxidase was identified as a sensitive oxidative stress marker, with glutathione reductase being the most stable under stress. Cryogenic techniques incorporating explant encapsulation, i.e. encapsulation-vitrification, showed high effectiveness and genetic stability of plants, with nanomaterials boosting effectiveness. Coconut extract also enhanced post-thaw shoot proliferation, while sesame extract served as a natural retardant for slow-growth cultures. Mutagenic effectiveness ranked as microwaves < nanoparticles < X-rays. Comprehensive genetic variability insights were provided by integrating multiple SPAR marker systems. This review underscores the promising biotechnological advancements for L. spectabilis, emphasizing the potential of in vitro techniques, innovative cryopreservation methods, and the application of nanoparticles and plant extracts to enhance micropropagation, genetic variability, and metabolite production, thereby contributing to the conservation and commercial sustainability of this valuable ornamental-medicinal perennial.
Effects of host size and substrate types on the distribution of accidental and obligate epiphytes: a case study in a temperate forest of Japan
Authors: Komada Natsuki , Azuma Wakana A. , Ogawa Yuya , Tatsumi Chikae 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn forests, the distribution of vascular epiphytes is controlled by various environmental factors such as host tree size and substrate type. However, a few studies focused on temperate forests, despite the growing interest in temperate forests with high diversity of accidental epiphytes. This study examined the distribution of accidental and obligate epiphytes on 8 Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Cercidiphyllaceae) trees in a Japanese temperate forest based on observations of 1,301 epiphyte individuals belonging to 49 species. As predicted, the number of species and individuals of accidental and obligate epiphytes increased with host tree size. While the percentage of accidental epiphyte species increased with the host tree size, the percentage of obligate epiphyte species decreased; however, these changes were not significant for the number of individuals. Consistent with our hypothesis, the major rooting substrates of accidental and obligate epiphytes was different. Accidental epiphytes primarily depend on arboreal soil and, to a lesser extent, on moss, but are absent on tree bark. Contrastingly, obligate epiphytes were most frequently found on moss, followed by bark and arboreal soil. These results highlight the impact of host tree size on the diversity of accidental epiphytes compared to obligate epiphytes, suggesting that the host tree size effects are different between accidental and obligate epiphytes in temperate forests. Additionally, a thick accumulation of arboreal soil is crucial for the establishment of accidental epiphytes.
A nisin-inducible chromosomal gene expression system based on ICE Tn5253 of Streptococcus pneumoniae, transferable among streptococci and enterococci
Authors: Tirziu Mariana , Colombini Lorenzo , Stincarelli Maria Alfreda , Cuppone Anna Maria , Lazzeri Elisa , Santoro Francesco , Pozzi Gianni , Iannelli Francesco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present work reports the development and validation of a chromosomal expression system in Streptococcus pneumoniae which permits gene expression under the control of Lactococcus lactis lantibiotic nisin. The system is based on the integrative and conjugative element (ICE) Tn5253 of S. pneumoniae capable of site-specific chromosomal integration and conjugal transfer to a variety of bacterial species. We constructed an insertion vector that integrates in Tn5251, an ICE contained in Tn5253, which carries the tetracycline resistance tet(M) gene. The vector contains the nisRK regulatory system operon, the L. lactis nisin inducible promoter PnisA upstream of a multiple cloning site for target DNA insertion, and is flanked by two DNA regions of Tn5251 which drive homologous recombination in ICE Tn5253. For system evaluation, the emm6.1::ha1 fusion gene was cloned and integrated into the chromosome of the Tn5253-carrying pneumococcal strain FR24 by transformation. This gene encodes a fusion protein containing the signal peptide, the 122 N-terminal and the 140 C-terminal aa of the Streptococcus pyogenes M6 surface protein joined to the HA1 subunit of the influenza virus A hemagglutinin. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis carried out on total RNA purified from nisin treated and untreated cultures showed an increase in emm6.1::ha1 transcript copy number with growing nisin concentration. The expression of M6-HA1 protein was detected by Western blot and quantified by Dot blot, while Flow cytometry analysis confirmed the presence on the pneumococcal surface. Recombinant ICE Tn5253::[nisRK]-[emm6.1::ha1] containing the nisin-inducible expression system was successfully transferred by conjugation in different streptococcal species including Streptococcus gordonii, S. pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis. As for S. pneumoniae, the emm6.1::ha1 transcript copy number and the amount of M6-HA1 protein produced correlated with the nisin concentration used for induction in all investigated bacterial hosts. We demonstrated that this host-vector expression system is stably integrated as a single copy within the bacterial chromosome, is transferable to both transformable and non transformable bacterial species, and allows fine tuning of protein expression modulated by nisin concentration. These characteristics make our system suitable for a wide range of applications including complementation assays, physiological studies, host-pathogen interaction studies.
Elastography as a non-invasive method of screening non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the adult phenotype of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Durdikova Anna , Durdik Peter , Prso Marek , Dvorska Dominika , Remen Lukas , Vojtkova Jarmila , Oleksak Filip , Banovcin Peter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) calls for early non-invasive screening. The aim of this study was to use ultrasonographic liver echogenicity and elasticity to evaluate the early stages of liver injury in obese children with OSA.

Methods
Fifty-five obese children with OSA aged 12 to 15 years were included. The control group (n = 56) consisted of healthy, non-obese children. All children underwent ultrasound examination to assess liver echogenicity using the hepatorenal index (HRI) and real-time elastography to determine the liver fibrosis index (LFI). Polysomnographic parameters, sonographic values, and clinical-biochemical assessment were statistically analysed according to OSA and its severity. Subgroup 1 was obese children with OSA and AHI < 5 and subgroup 2 was obese children with OSA and AHI ≥ 5.

Results
Higher average values of HRI and LFI were recorded in the group of obese paediatric patients with OSA (mean age ± SD, 14.1 ± 2.2 year; 53% male; BMI z-score, 2.6 ± 0.35) compared to the control group (1.37 ± 0.19 vs. 1.12 ± 0.07, p < 0.001 and 1.82 ± 0.31 vs. 1.02 ± 0.27, p < 0.001). A significantly higher LFI was recorded in subgroup 2 compared to subgroup 1 (2.0 ± 0.3 vs. 1.6 ± 0.2, p < 0.001) while laboratory parameters and HRI (1.4 ± 0.2 vs. 1.4 ± 0.2, p = 0.630) did not change significantly. A strong positive correlation was found between the severity of OSA and the LFI (r = 0.454; p < 0.01).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that ultrasound elastography is a useful non-invasive screening test for OSA-related steatohepatitis in obese adolescents, but other clinical studies are needed to confirm this result.
Associations of Alcohol Outcome Expectancies with Alcohol Use in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pinquart Martin , Borgolte Katharina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe meta-analysis integrated research on associations of contents of alcohol outcome expectancies (AOE) with alcohol use in adolescents and emerging adults. A systematic search in the electronic databases PsycInfo, Medline, Psyndex, and Web of Science identified 558 studies with 494,116 individuals (mean age 17.92, SD = 3.04) that were included in multi-level meta-analysis. AOE about pleasure and social enhancement showed the strongest concurrent associations with alcohol use (r = .33 and r = .29, respectively). Among negative AOE, only expectancies about negative alcohol effects on self-perception were related to lower consumption. Longitudinal analyses indicated reciprocal determinism of AOE and alcohol use. Associations of AOE and drinking were moderated by age, gender, and heavy/binge drinking status. We conclude that social and pleasure-related expectancies are especially relevant targets of prevention and intervention and that expectancies of adolescents and of heavy/binge drinkers should be, in particular, addressed in expectancy-challenging interventions.
Skeleton-guided 3D convolutional neural network for tubular structure segmentation
Authors: Zhu Ruiyun , Oda Masahiro , Hayashi Yuichiro , Kitasaka Takayuki , Misawa Kazunari , Fujiwara Michitaka , Mori Kensaku 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Accurate segmentation of tubular structures is crucial for clinical diagnosis and treatment but is challenging due to their complex branching structures and volume imbalance. The purpose of this study is to propose a 3D deep learning network that incorporates skeleton information to enhance segmentation accuracy in these tubular structures.

Methods
Our approach employs a 3D convolutional network to extract 3D tubular structures from medical images such as CT volumetric images. We introduce a skeleton-guided module that operates on extracted features to capture and preserve the skeleton information in the segmentation results. Additionally, to effectively train our deep model in leveraging skeleton information, we propose a sigmoid-adaptive Tversky loss function which is specifically designed for skeleton segmentation.

Results
We conducted experiments on two distinct 3D medical image datasets. The first dataset consisted of 90 cases of chest CT volumetric images, while the second dataset comprised 35 cases of abdominal CT volumetric images. Comparative analysis with previous segmentation approaches demonstrated the superior performance of our method. For the airway segmentation task, our method achieved an average tree length rate of 93.0%, a branch detection rate of 91.5%, and a precision rate of 90.0%. In the case of abdominal artery segmentation, our method attained an average precision rate of 97.7%, a recall rate of 91.7%, and an F-measure of 94.6%.

Conclusion
We present a skeleton-guided 3D convolutional network to segment tubular structures from 3D medical images. Our skeleton-guided 3D convolutional network could effectively segment small tubular structures, outperforming previous methods.
Coupling photocatalytic trifluoromethylation with biocatalytic stereoselective ketone reduction in continuous flow
Authors: Valotta Alessia , Maderbacher Julia , Reiter Tamara , Kroutil Wolfgang , Gruber-Woelfler Heidrun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotocatalysis and biocatalysis represent powerful efficient tools in synthetic chemistry. While, both have individually shown promising results, their integration remains challenging, particularly in continuous flow processes. This work presents a semicontinuous setup, combining photo- and biocatalysis in a multistep synthesis for the production of optically pure (S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-phenylpropan-1-ol. Initially, a photocatalytic trifluoromethylation of a methyl ketone in α-position in a self-made photoreactor was tested in flow, followed by enzymatic ketone reduction catalyzed by an alcohol dehydrogenase (variant of an ADH from Lactobacillus kefir). The study addresses the challenge of enzyme stability in aggressive solvents, developing a robust immobilization approach for the selected ADH with a PVA/PEG cryogel matrix. This strategy has been investigated in this work to ensure enzyme stability in THF, marking a notable advance in compatibility for continuous cascades. The separate process steps were finally combined in a semicontinuous flow system, achieving a space–time yield for the photocatalytic step of 39.8 g L−1 h−1 and of 1.12 g L−1 h−1 for the enzymatic step. The study signifies one of the first instances of combining photo- and biocatalysis in continuous cascades, offering an innovative approach to synthesizing chiral 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-phenylpropan-1-ol.
Graphical abstract
Navigating Role Models: Shaping Masculine Identity Among Transmasculine and Cisgender Emerging Adults
Authors: Anzani Annalisa , Pavanello Decaro Sofia , Paganin Giulia , Prunas Antonio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The present study explores the influence of role models on the development of masculinity among emerging adults, specifically focusing on how Italian transgender and cisgender young men draw inspiration from role models to shape their own identities.

Methods
We conducted six focus groups with 16 trans masculine and 15 cisgender emerging adults. We transcribed and analyzed the discussions using a specific qualitative analysis framework for focus groups.

Results
Both groups identified family members and individuals from the entertainment industry as sources of inspiration for masculinity. Cisgender participants mentioned more role models from the sport industry, whereas trans participants mentioned more social media influencers. Cisgender participants also identified role models embodying traditional masculinity traits, whereas both groups created “anti-models” representing characteristics they rejected in their ideals of masculinity.

Conclusions
The study reveals differences in the sources of inspiration and the construction of masculine identities between the two groups. We suggest integrating Todd et al.’s (2022) model for the evolution of transgender masculine identities, taking into account the subtle distinctions rooted in gender socialization and identity.

Policy Implications
This work has relevant implications for policy makers, especially in the field of education and social sciences. Educational training targeted at emerging adults should promote a healthy approach to masculinity and should be built in awareness of what are the current models and anti-models.
Divisionalization and symmetric product differentiation
Authors: Fauli-Oller Ramon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractI consider a standard two-stage game of divisionalization in which, in the first stage, two firms choose the number of divisions and, in the second stage, divisions compete independently à la Cournot. Two important assumptions are made. The creation of a division involves a fixed cost, and all divisions sell symmetrically differentiated goods. I obtain that differentiation stimulates the creation of divisions in equilibrium. This effect is so important that prices decrease with the level of product differentiation. As far as welfare is concerned, I obtain that the equilibrium number of divisions is lower than the one that it would maximize social welfare if no intervention at the market stage is feasible.
Geospatial Analysis of the Socioeconomic and Demographic Effects of Historic Coal Mining in the Greater Pittsburgh Region, Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Bram Lauren , Klemetsrud Bethany , Vandeberg Gregory 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA geospatial model was developed to statistically assess the socioeconomic effects of coal mining in the greater Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area by integrating home sale data, abandoned mine lands (AML) inventory “problem area” sites, and census demographic information. Results indicated that homes located within problem areas sold for an average of 28% ($58,600) less than homes outside of these regions. Demographic data revealed a notable disparity in the population distribution within Allegheny County mining problem areas as having a statistically significant larger Black population. This same trend was even more pronounced in urban areas. The study also established that areas influenced by past mining activities had a higher proportion of individuals without formal postsecondary education. Logistic regression models were created to analytically evaluate the relationship between predictor variables, specifically home sale price and Community Needs Index, to the probability of being situated within mining problem areas. The home sale analysis indicated a negative correlation between sale prices and the likelihood of residing in a mining-affected zone, implying that properties with lower prices are more commonly situated in these impacted areas. The CNI logistic regression model revealed a correlation between the probability of living in a mining problem area and overall higher community needs.
Addressing the challenges posed by energy poverty in Latin American countries
Authors: Leal Filho Walter , Begum Halima , Anholon Rosley , Quelhas Osvaldo , Rampasso Izabela , Sharifi Ayyoob , de Andrade Guerra José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório , Gatto Andrea , Lovett Matthew , Velazquez Luis , Chávez Muñoz Pastor David , Alam A. S. A. Ferdous , Brandli Luciana , Salvia Amanda Lange , Amaro Nelson , Eustachio João Henrique Paulino Pires 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMany of the energy systems functioning across the developing world are poorly designed and largely inadequate to meet a country's commercial and domestic energy needs. This is especially so in Latin America, where poverty trends have been exacerbated by limited access to energy, which could be used towards supporting industrial and small-scale commercial activities. This has characterised the widespread trend of energy poverty. This phenomenon poses a major barrier towards achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and addressing climate change, since lack of access to reliable energy generation systems hinders the development of economic activities and limits the comfort of living conditions. This paper reports on a study aimed at catering to a better understanding of the challenges related to energy poverty in Latin America and identifying some of the tools that may be deployed to address them. The methodological procedures used were bibliometric analysis and survey. The main findings of this research evidence that reducing energy poverty in Latin American countries is crucial to alleviating household costs since a considerable part of family income is used to pay the energy needs. Less use of coal, greater access to electricity—including those from renewable generation—as well as the use of technologies and programs subsidized by governments would significantly contribute to increasing the Latin American citizens' quality of life and achieving the SDGs.
Design and synthesis of a 2,5-Diarylthiophene chromophore for enhanced near-infrared two-photon uncaging efficiency of calcium ions
Authors: Tran Tam Thi Thanh , Abe Manabu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe design and synthesis of two-photon-responsive chromophores have recently garnered significant attention owing to their potential applications in materials and life sciences. In this study, a novel π-conjugated system, 2-dimethylaminophenyl-5-nitrophenylthiophene derivatives, featuring a thiophene unit as the π-linker between the donor (NMe2C6H4–) and acceptor (NO2C6H4–) units was designed, synthesized, and applied for the development of two-photon-responsive chromophores as a photoremovable protecting group in the near-infrared region. Notably, the positional effect of the nitro group (NO2), meta versus para position, was observed in the uncaging process of benzoic acid. Additionally, while the para-isomer exhibited a single fluorescence peak, a dual emission was detected for the meta-isomer in polar solvents. The caged calcium ion (Ca2+) incorporating the newly synthesized thiophene unit exhibited a sizable two-photon absorption cross-section value (σ2 = 129 GM at 830 nm). Both one-photon and two-photon photoirradiation of caged calcium ions successfully released calcium ions, indicating the potential utility of 2,5-diarylthiophene derivatives in future biological studies.
Graphical abstract