bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How much psychological distress is experienced at home by patients with palliative care needs in Germany? A cross-sectional study using the Distress Thermometer
Authors: Küttner Stefanie , Wüller Johannes , Pastrana Tania 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjective:The aims of the present study were (1) to describe the prevalence of psychosocial distress in palliative care patients living at home and the related factors, and (2) to test implementation of the Distress Thermometer (DT) within a home-based palliative care service.Method:Ours was a 15-month prospective study beginning in September of 2013 in western Germany with consecutive patients cared for by a home care palliative care service. The research was implemented during the first visit by the home care team. Patients were excluded if they were under 18 years of age, mentally or physically unable to complete the assessment questionnaires as judged by their healthcare worker, or unable to understand the German language. During the first encounter, the Distress Thermometer (DT), a Problem List (PL), and a structured questionnaire for evaluation were applied and sociodemographic and medical data collected.Results:A total of 103 patients (response rate = 70%; mean age = 67; female = 54%; married = 67%; oncological condition = 91%; Karnofsky Performance Status [KPS] score 0–40 = 34%, 50–70 = 60%, >80 = 6%) were included. The incidence of distress (DT score ≥4) was 89.3% (mean = 6.3 ± 2.5). No statistical association was found between level of distress and sociodemographic or medical factors. The five most reported problems were “fatigue” (90%), “getting around” (84%), “eating” (63%), “bathing/dressing” (60%), and “sleep” (57%). The number of problems reported correlated with level of distress (ρ = 0.34). The DT was comprehensible, and 80% considered its completion as unremarkable, while 14% found it “relieving.”Significance of results:A significant proportion of patients treated at home reported symptoms of distress. The most oft-mentioned problems were physical and emotional in nature. The findings of our study highlight the importance of creating new concepts and structures in order to address the psychosocial needs of patients in home care with palliative needs.
Protein kinase A modulation of CaV1.4 calcium channels
Authors: Sang Lingjie , Dick Ivy E. , Yue David T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe regulation of L-type Ca2+ channels by protein kinase A (PKA) represents a crucial element within cardiac, skeletal muscle and neurological systems. Although much work has been done to understand this regulation in cardiac CaV1.2 Ca2+ channels, relatively little is known about the closely related CaV1.4 L-type Ca2+ channels, which feature prominently in the visual system. Here we find that CaV1.4 channels are indeed modulated by PKA phosphorylation within the inhibitor of Ca2+-dependent inactivation (ICDI) motif. Phosphorylation of this region promotes the occupancy of calmodulin on the channel, thus increasing channel open probability (PO) and Ca2+-dependent inactivation. Although this interaction seems specific to CaV1.4 channels, introduction of ICDI1.4 to CaV1.3 or CaV1.2 channels endows these channels with a form of PKA modulation, previously unobserved in heterologous systems. Thus, this mechanism may not only play an important role in the visual system but may be generalizable across the L-type channel family.
Brain tumor imaging of rat fresh tissue using terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Yamaguchi Sayuri , Fukushi Yasuko , Kubota Oichi , Itsuji Takeaki , Ouchi Toshihiko , Yamamoto Seiji 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTumor imaging by terahertz spectroscopy of fresh tissue without dye is demonstrated using samples from a rat glioma model. The complex refractive index spectrum obtained by a reflection terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system can discriminate between normal and tumor tissues. Both the refractive index and absorption coefficient of tumor tissues are higher than those of normal tissues and can be attributed to the higher cell density and water content of the tumor region. The results of this study indicate that terahertz technology is useful for detecting brain tumor tissue.
Unsharpness of generalized measurement and its effects in entropic uncertainty relations
Authors: Baek Kyunghyun , Son Wonmin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUnder the scenario of generalized measurements, it can be questioned how much of quantum uncertainty can be attributed to measuring device, independent of the uncertainty in the measured system. On the course to answer the question, we suggest a new class of entropic uncertainty relation that differentiates quantum uncertainty from device imperfection due to the unsharpness of measurement. In order to quantify the unsharpness, we suggest and analyze the quantity that characterizes the uncertainty in the measuring device, based on Shannon entropy. Using the quantity, we obtain a new lower bound of entropic uncertainty with unsharpness and it has been shown that the relation can also be obtained under the scenario that sharp observables are affected by the white noise and amplitude damping.
New cosurface capacitive stimulators for the development of active osseointegrative implantable devices
Authors: Soares dos Santos Marco P. , Marote Ana , Santos T. , Torrão João , Ramos A. , Simões José A. O. , da Cruz e Silva Odete A. B. , Furlani Edward P. , Vieira Sandra I. , Ferreira Jorge A. F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNon-drug strategies based on biophysical stimulation have been emphasized for the treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal conditions. However, to date, an effective stimulation system for intracorporeal therapies has not been proposed. This is particularly true for active intramedullary implants that aim to optimize osseointegration. The increasing demand for these implants, particularly for hip and knee replacements, has driven the design of innovative stimulation systems that are effective in bone-implant integration. In this paper, a new cosurface-based capacitive system concept is proposed for the design of implantable devices that deliver controllable and personalized electric field stimuli to target tissues. A prototype architecture of this system was constructed for in vitro tests, and its ability to deliver controllable stimuli was numerically analyzed. Successful results were obtained for osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation in the in vitro tests. This work provides, for the first time, a design of a stimulation system that can be embedded in active implantable devices for controllable bone-implant integration and regeneration. The proposed cosurface design holds potential for the implementation of novel and innovative personalized stimulatory therapies based on the delivery of electric fields to bone cells.
Hydrogen sulfide mediates the protection of dietary restriction against renal senescence in aged F344 rats
Authors: Wang Wen-juan , Cai Guang-yan , Ning Yi-chun , Cui Jing , Hong Quan , Bai Xue-yuan , Xu Xiao-meng , Bu Ru , Sun Xue-feng , Chen Xiang-mei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRenal aging is always accompanied by increased oxidative stress. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can be up-regulated by 50% dietary restriction (DR) for 7-day and can block mitochondrial oxidative stress. H2S production exerts a critical role in yeast, worm and fruit fly models of DR-mediated longevity. In this study, we found that renal aging could be attenuated by 30% DR for 6-month (DR-6M) and life-long (DR-LL), but not for 6-week (DR-6W). The expressions of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CGL) and cystathionine-β- synthase (CBS) were improved by DR-6M and DR-LL. Endogenous H2S production shared the same trend with CBS and CGL, while glutathione (GSH) didn’t. When comparing efficiencies of DR for different durations, more evident production of H2S was found in DR-6M and DR-LL than in DR-6W. Finally the level of oxidative stress was improved by DR-6M and DR-LL rather than by DR-6W. It concluded that aged rats had the ability to produce enough H2S on 30% DR interventions protecting against renal aging and the effect of DR for long-term were more significant than that of DR for short-term.
Enhancing Intrinsic Stability of Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cell by Strong, yet Balanced, Electronic Coupling
Authors: El-Mellouhi Fedwa , Bentria El Tayeb , Rashkeev Sergey N. , Kais Sabre , Alharbi Fahhad H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the past few years, the meteoric development of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSC) astonished the community. The efficiency has already reached the level needed for commercialization; however, the instability hinders its deployment on the market. Here, we report a mechanism to chemically stabilize PSC absorbers. We propose to replace the widely used methylammonium cation (CH3NH3+) by alternative molecular cations allowing an enhanced electronic coupling between the cation and the PbI6 octahedra while maintaining the band gap energy within the suitable range for solar cells. The mechanism exploits establishing a balance between the electronegativity of the materials’ constituents and the resulting ionic electrostatic interactions. The calculations demonstrate the concept of enhancing the electronic coupling, and hence the stability, by exploring the stabilizing features of CH3PH3+, CH3SH2+, and SH3+ cations, among several other possible candidates. Chemical stability enhancement hence results from a strong, yet balanced, electronic coupling between the cation and the halides in the octahedron. This shall unlock the hindering instability problem for PSCs and allow them to hit the market as a serious low-cost competitor to silicon based solar cell technologies.
Identification and characterization of the role of c-terminal Src kinase in dengue virus replication
Authors: Kumar Rinki , Agrawal Tanvi , Khan Naseem Ahmed , Nakayama Yuji , Medigeshi Guruprasad R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe screened a siRNA library targeting human tyrosine kinases in Huh-7 cells and identified c-terminal Src kinase (Csk) as one of the kinases involved in dengue virus replication. Knock-down of Csk expression by siRNAs or inhibition of Csk by an inhibitor reduced dengue virus RNA levels but did not affect viral entry. Csk partially colocalized with viral replication compartments. Dengue infection was drastically reduced in cells lacking the three ubiquitous src family kinases, Src, Fyn and Yes. Csk knock-down in these cells failed to block dengue virus replication suggesting that the effect of Csk is via regulation of Src family kinases. Csk was found to be hyper-phosphorylated during dengue infection and inhibition of protein kinase A led to a block in Csk phosphorylation and dengue virus replication. Overexpression studies suggest an important role for the kinase and SH3 domains in this process. Our results identified a novel role for Csk as a host tyrosine kinase involved in dengue virus replication and provide further insights into the role of host factors in dengue replication.
Transcription factors of the alternative NF-κB pathway are required for germinal center B-cell development
Authors: De Silva Nilushi S. , Anderson Michael M. , Carette Amanda , Silva Kathryn , Heise Nicole , Bhagat Govind , Klein Ulf 
Published: July 2016

SignificanceIn many human B-cell cancers, a complex signaling cascade called NF-κB is abnormally activated by genetic mutations. The uncontrolled activity of NF-κB because of genetic mutations promotes the formation of B-cell tumors. The NF-κB cascade is comprised of two distinct pathways. We here define the role of one of these routes, called the alternative NF-κB pathway, in the normal cells from which these B-cell tumors are derived, namely germinal center (GC) B cells or plasma cells (PCs). We found that the inactivation of the alternative NF-κB pathway led to the loss of GC B cells and impaired PC development. Understanding the role of this pathway in normal cells may provide important insights into how aberrant activation promotes B-cell tumors.
The Ten-Year War
Authors: Phillips Christopher 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The open national conflict over slavery drew the West into the vortex of events during the 1850s. In the final antebellum decade, political fault lines compromised the former regional consensus as increasing numbers of white residents aligned for and against slavery. The moderate regional variants of the national parties, including the new Republican Party born in the region, were challenged by sectionalized platforms. Despite the region’s slave states having comparatively few bondpeople, the democratic contours of slaveholding altered their political economy to defend the peculiar institution against “northern” agitators, namely abolitionists. Each successive controversy sent shock waves through the region and complicated the western consensus. But it did not yet fully sectionalize it, evidenced by voters’ response to the outcome of the 1860 presidential election that polarized the North and South politically and ideologically.
The Shaping of New Subjects
Authors: Degiuli Francesca 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Chapter 5 analyzes how im/migrant women coming to Italy from all corners of the world and from very different backgrounds in terms of class, education, and work experience are transformed into home eldercare assistants. The chapter shows how this transformation happens at different levels: at the global level through the process of migration and at the local level through the constant struggle to gain legal status in the country of arrival, as well as in the encounter with the actual employers. Through this process im/migrant women from different social, cultural, and class backgrounds are first stripped of their individual identity to become an undifferentiated group, that of im/migrant women in need of work. This first transformation allows for a second one, enforced by employers, in which im/migrant women are then transformed into the ideal workers needed by Italian families according to idealized hierarchies of race/ethnicities, religion, age, familial status, and more.
Integrating spatial synchrony/asynchrony of population distribution into stock assessment models: a spatial hierarchical Bayesian statistical catch-at-age approach
Authors: Jiao Yan , O'Reilly Rob , Smith Eric , Orth Don ,   Handling editor: Ernesto Jardim
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn many marine fisheries assessments, population abundance indices from surveys collected by different states and agencies do not always agree with each other. This phenomenon is often due to the spatial synchrony/asynchrony. Those indices that are asynchronous may result in discrepancies in the assessment of temporal trends. In addition, commonly employed stock assessment models, such as the statistical catch-at-age (SCA) models, do not account for spatial synchrony/asynchrony associated with spatial autocorrelation, dispersal, and environmental noise. This limits the value of statistical inference on key parameters associated with population dynamics and management reference points. To address this problem, a set of geospatial analyses of relative abundance indices is proposed to model the indices from different surveys using spatial hierarchical Bayesian models. This approach allows better integration of different surveys with spatial synchrony and asynchrony. We used Atlantic weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) as an example for which there are state-wide surveys and expansive coastal surveys. We further compared the performance of the proposed spatially structured hierarchical Bayesian SCA models with a commonly used Bayesian SCA model that assumes relative abundance indices are spatially independent. Three spatial models developed to mimic different potential spatial patterns were compared. The random effect spatially structured hierarchical Bayesian model was found to be better than the commonly used SCA model and the other two spatial models. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate the uncertainty resulting from model selection and the robustness of the recommended model. The spatially structured hierarchical Bayesian model was shown to be able to integrate different survey indices with/without spatial synchrony. It is suggested as a useful tool when there are surveys with different spatial characteristics that need to be combined in a fisheries stock assessment.
Pelagic seascape ecology for operational fisheries oceanography: modelling and predicting spawning distribution of Atlantic bluefin tuna in Western Mediterranean
Authors: Alvarez-Berastegui Diego , Hidalgo Manuel , Tugores María Pilar , Reglero Patricia , Aparicio-González Alberto , Ciannelli Lorenzo , Juza Mélanie , Mourre Baptiste , Pascual Ananda , López-Jurado José Luís , García Alberto , Rodríguez José María , Tintoré Joaquín , Alemany Francisco 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The ecology of highly migratory marine species is tightly linked to dynamic oceanographic processes occurring in the pelagic environment. Developing and applying techniques to characterize the spatio-temporal variability of these processes using operational oceanographic data is a challenge for management and conservation. Here we evaluate the possibility of modelling and predicting spawning habitats of Atlantic bluefin tuna in the Western Mediterranean, using pelagic seascape metrics specifically designed to capture the dynamic processes affecting the spawning ecology this species. The different seascape metrics applied were processed from operational oceanographic data products providing information about the temporal and spatial variability of sea surface temperature, kinetic energy and chlorophyll a. Spawning locations were identified using larval abundances sampled in the Balearic Sea, one of the main reproductive areas for this species in the Mediterranean Sea. Results confirm the high dependence of bluefin tuna spawning ecology on mesoscale oceanographic processes while providing spawning habitat maps as a tool for bluefin tuna assessment and management, based on operational oceanographic data. Finally, we discuss the coming challenges that operational fisheries oceanography and pelagic seascape ecology face to become fully implemented as predictive tools.
Changes in habitat utilization of slope-spawning flatfish across a bathymetric gradient
Authors: Vestfals Cathleen D. , Ciannelli Lorenzo , Hoff Gerald R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how fish distributions may change in response to environmental variability is important for effective management of fish populations, as predicted climate change will likely alter their habitat use and population dynamics. This research focused on two commercially- and ecologically-important flatfish species in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS), Greenland halibut ( Reinhardtius hippoglossoides ) and Pacific halibut ( Hippoglossus stenolepis ), which may be especially sensitive to climate-induced shifts in habitat due to strong seasonally and ontogenetically variable distributions. We analysed data from fishery-dependent and fishery-independent sources to determine how environmental variability influenced habitat use, thus gaining a uniquely comprehensive range of seasonal and geographic coverage of each species’ distribution. Greenland and Pacific halibut exhibited strong and contrasting responses to changes in temperature on the shelf, with catches decreasing and increasing, respectively, beyond 1 °C. The effect of temperature was not as prominent along the slope, suggesting that slope habitats may provide some insulation from shelf-associated environmental variability, particularly for Greenland halibut. With warming, Greenland halibut exhibited more of a bathymetric shift in distribution, while the shift was more latitudinal for Pacific halibut. Our results suggest that habitat partitioning may, in part, explain differences in Greenland and Pacific halibut distributions. This research adds to our understanding of how the distributions of two fish species at opposite extremes of their ranges in the EBS – Greenland halibut at the southernmost edge and Pacific halibut at the northernmost edge – may shift in relation to a changing ocean environment.
History of Neuropsychology in Russia
Authors: Akhutina Tatiana V. , Melikyan Zarui A. , Mikadze Yuri V. , Mervis Joshua E. , Bisoglio Joseph , Goldberg Elkhonon 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This chapter considers major milestones in the history of Russian neuropsychology by describing the main principles of Lurian neuropsychology and their applications in the study of memory and language disorders. The chapter describes Lurian typology of aphasias and explains the influence of Lurian neuropsychological principles on the further development of neuropsychology in Russia. This chapter discusses the work of Luria and Vygotsky as an integrative whole. The development of their neuropsychological theories is discussed from a handful of fundamental precepts, as well as their principal manifestations and practical applications. After a historical summary of their lives and works, the chapter introduces their theory of higher cognitive functions (HCFs) and presents its two most fundamental postulates. The chapter examines the diagnostic method known as syndrome analysis and shows its application to the aphasias and amnesias. Lastly, it describes how these principles and practices were applied to neurorehabilitation and cognitive remediation.
The Law of Sports Wagering in the United States
Authors: Standen Jeffrey 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The law of sports wagering in the United States reflects the exceptionalism of sports. Although limitations on gambling in general have undergone significant liberalization in recent decades, sports wagering remains subject to a complex interplay among federal and state prohibitions. This exceptionalism stems from the notion that sports contests would be ineluctably corrupted by betting, potentially giving contestants unduly large investments in the outcome, or in shaping the magnitude of the victory. Despite this continuing antipathy toward sports betting as a matter of formal legality, recent legal developments have unwittingly created a burgeoning industry in sports betting, which industry has created significant instability in the general prohibition. Specifically, the rise of daily fantasy sports contests, which can feature contests that appear remarkably similar to single-game bets on the outcome of a game, has both evidenced the domestic appetite for sports wagering, and has pushed against the boundaries set by the anti-gambling prohibitions. The legality of daily fantasy sports is highly debatable, and calls into question the very nature of a sports bet as a game of chance or skill, and whether or not fantasy play presents a substantially different set of characteristics. Whatever the legal outcome, strong arguments exist that suggest that fantasy play would not give rise to the concerns that animated the general prohibition on sports wagering.
Crime and the Global City
Authors: Mitchell Katharyne , MacFarlane Key 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn recent years social scientists have been interested in the growth and transformation of global cities. These metropolises, which function as key command centers in global production networks, manifest many of the social, economic, and political tensions and inequities of neoliberal globalization. Their international appeal as sites of financial freedom and free trade frequently obscures the global city underbelly: practices of labor exploitation, racial discrimination, and migrant deferral. This chapter explores some of these global tensions, showing how they have shaped the strategies and technologies behind urban crime prevention, security, and policing. In particular, the chapter shows how certain populations perceived as risky become treated as pre-criminals: individuals in need of management and control before any criminal behavior has occurred. It is demonstrated further how the production of the pre-criminal can lead to dispossession, delay, and detention as well as to increasing gentrification and violence.