bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tale of two fluids: does storing specimens together in liquid preservative causeDNAcross‐contamination in molecular gut‐content studies?
Authors: Athey Kacie J. , Chapman Eric G. , Harwood James D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe study of food webs and trophic interactions increasingly relies onPCR‐based molecular gut‐content analysis. However, this technique may be prone to error from contamination of minute quantities ofDNA; i.e., simply storing specimens together in a liquid medium may lead to cross‐contamination. In this study, we usedPCRto determine the contamination rate when (1) specimens were stored together in 95% ethanol for various time periods, and (2) predators fall into ethylene glycol‐filled pitfall traps where the dying predator may inadvertently consume preyDNA‐contaminated liquid. We designed experiments andPCRprimers to quantify the risk of contamination for both situations and found no contamination by storing specimens together in 95% ethanol. Furthermore, zero predators contained preyDNAin their gut contents from imbibing preyDNA‐contaminated ethylene glycol. These results support the use of mass sampling techniques, like wet pitfall traps, for molecular gut‐content analysis.
Dietary self‐selection and rules of compromise by fifth‐instar Vanessa cardui
Authors: VanOverbeke Dustin R. , Thompson S. Nelson , Redak Richard A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe examined dietary self‐selection and rules of compromise for protein (P) and digestible carbohydrate (C) intake by fifth‐instar Vanessa cardui L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalini). We presented six fat‐free diet pairs to larvae in a choice trial to determine the ‘intake target’. In addition, we fed larvae seven fat‐free single diets differing in dietary nutrient ratio in no‐choice trials to determine the rules of compromise they exhibit when constrained to a singular, sub‐optimal dietary source. In choice trials, caterpillars regulated nutrient intake to a ratio of 1 protein to 1.09 carbohydrate (1P:1.09C), exhibiting tighter regulation of protein than of carbohydrate. Furthermore, larvae from different diet pair treatments did not differ in pupal mass or stadium duration. In no‐choice experiments, larvae reduced consumption on increasingly protein‐biased diets and increased consumption on increasingly carbohydrate‐biased diets, relative to a 1P:1C ratio diet. Differences in carbohydrate consumption were much greater between no‐choice treatments than differences in protein consumption. Dietary nutrient ratio affected pupal mass when accounting for initial larval mass. Pupal mass decreased as nutrient ratio was shifted off of 1P:1C, but to a greater extent when the ratio was skewed toward carbohydrate. Stadium duration increased as nutrient ratio diverged from 1P:1C, being more pronounced when shifted toward carbohydrate than toward protein. Regulation to near 1P:1C is consistent with results found for other Lepidoptera, and the rule of compromise exhibited by V. cardui is consistent with that expected for a generalist herbivore.
Cronartium flaccidum sporulates on new Euphrasia species in natural habitats in Finland
Authors: Kaitera J. , Kalleinen L. , Mikkilä J. , Hantula J. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryNatural sporulation of a pine stem rust, Cronartium flaccidum, was investigated in forested habitats in northern Finland. First, a diffuse sample (100) of seven species of hemiparasitic plants was collected in their natural habitats close to one another. C. flaccidum was found to sporulate on six species. The rust was most common on Melampyrum sylvaticum with 21% of the plants and 2% of the leaves carrying telia. Telia occurred occasionally also on Euphrasia frigida, E. nemorosa, E. stricta, Pedicularis palustris ssp. palustris and Melampyrum pratense (less than 5% of the plants and 0.3% of the leaves). The rust was absent on Rhinanthus minor. Second, a diffuse sample of each of M. sylvaticum, M. pratense, Euphrasia sp. and Rhinanthus sp. was collected from 10 sample plots surrounding the city area. C. flaccidum occurred on 0.29% of the leaves of M. sylvaticum, and 0.02%–0.03% of M. pratense and Euphrasia, but it was lacking from Rhinanthus. The results indicated that C. flaccidum was most common and widespread on M. sylvaticum, but sporulated sporadically also on Euphrasia sp., P. palustris and M. pratense. This is the first report of sporulation of C. flaccidum on Euphrasia frigida and E. nemorosa in their natural habitats. In contrast, a second rust observed in this survey, Coleosporium sp. needle rust, was much more common than C. flaccidum on the investigated plants. In the first site, 43%–54% of plants and 8%–17% of leaves of Melampyrum spp. and 0%–13% of plants and 0%–2% of leaves of Euphrasia spp., Rhinanthus minor and Pedicularis palustris carried uredinia or telia. In the second site, 9%–15% of leaves of Melampyrum spp. and 1%–2% of Euphrasia sp. and Rhinanthus sp. carried rust uredinia and/or telia. The results indicate frequent spore dispersal of both Cronartium and Coleosporium in the area, and versatile rust sporulation on hemiparasitic plant species.
Ten guiding principles for youth mental health services
Authors: Hughes Frank , Hebel Lisa , Badcock Paul , Parker Alexandra G. 
Published: April 2017

AimsGuiding principles are arguably central to the development of any health service. The aim of this article is to report on the outcomes of a youth mental health (YMH) community of practice (CoP), which identified a range of guiding principles that provide a clear point of comparison for the only other set of principles for YMH service delivery proposed to date.MethodsA YMH CoP was established in 2010 as part of the Victorian State Government approach to improving YMH care. An initial literature search was undertaken to locate articles on YMH service delivery. A number of common themes were identified, which the YMH community of practice (YMHCoP) members then elaborated upon by drawing from their collective experience of the YMH sector. The resultant themes were then refined through subsequent group discussions to derive a definitive set of guiding principles. These principles were then augmented by a second literature search conducted in July 2015.ResultsFifteen key themes were derived from the initial literature search and YMH CoP discussions. These were refined by the YMH CoP to produce 10 guiding principles for YMH service development. These are discussed through reference to the relevant literature, using the only other article on principles of YMH service delivery as a notable point of comparison.ConclusionThe 10 principles identified may be useful for quality improvement and are likely to have international relevance. We suggest the timely pursuit of an international consensus on guiding principles for service delivery under the auspices of a peak body for YMH.
Social cognition and the course of social functioning in first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Woolverton Cindy B. , Bell Emily K. , Moe Aubrey M. , Harrison‐Monroe Patricia , Breitborde Nicholas J. K. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundSocial functioning deficits greatly affect individuals with psychotic disorders resulting in decreased ability to maintain relationships, jobs and pursuit of educational goals. Deficits in social cognition have been hypothesized to be an important contributor to these deficits in social functioning. In particular, 5 domains of social cognition have been suggested to be relevant in the study of psychotic disorders: (1) attributional style, (2) emotion recognition, (3) social knowledge, (4) social perception and (5) theory of mind. Yet, to date, no study has simultaneously investigated the association between these 5 domains of social cognition and social functioning.MethodsWe investigated the cross‐section and longitudinal association between social cognition and social functioning among 71 individuals with first‐episode psychosis.ResultsWe found modest cross‐sectional associations between social cognition and social functioning that were often in the unexpected direction (ie, greater social cognition associated with worse social functioning). Social cognition at baseline was not associated with the longitudinal course of social functioning.ConclusionsThese unexpected findings fail to align with previous research that has documented a more robust relationship between these 2 constructs, and raise critical questions with regard to the nature of the association between social cognition and social functioning among individuals with first‐episode psychosis.
Two Second‐Personal Conceptions of the Dignity of Persons
Authors: Zylberman Ariel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn spite of the burgeoning philosophical literature on human dignity, Stephen Darwall's second‐personal account of the dignity of persons has not received the attention it deserves. This article investigates Darwall's account and argues that it faces a dilemma, for it succumbs either to a problem of antecedence or to the wrong kind of reasons problem. But this need not mean one should reject a second‐personal account. Instead, I argue that an alternative second‐personal conception, one I will call relational, promises to solve the dilemma by avoiding both the problem of antecedence and the wrong kind of reasons problem. More generally, distinguishing these two second‐personal conceptions of the dignity of persons is important to enrich the available philosophical accounts of human dignity.
VHCF response of Gaussian specimens made of high‐strength steels: comparison between unrefined and refined AISI H13
Authors: Tridello A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIt is well‐known in the literature that the characteristic defect size of high‐strength steels strongly influences their Very‐High‐Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) response. Currently, several refining processes permit to reduce the characteristic defect size and permit to remove large defects in high‐strength steels, thus inducing a possible significant enhancement of the VHCF response.The present paper investigates the effects of a specific refinement process, the Electro‐Slag Remelting (ESR), on the VHCF response of an AISI H13 steel. Ultrasonic VHCF tests are carried out on large Gaussian specimens made of unrefined and refined AISI H13 steels. Fracture surfaces are investigated to compare inclusion populations before and after the ESR process. Finally, the fatigue limit and the design S‐N curves are statistically estimated to quantify the beneficial effects induced by the ESR process.
Does the bond‐stock earnings yield differential model predict equity market corrections better than high P/E models?
Authors: Lleo Sébastien , Ziemba William T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe extend the literature on crash prediction models in three main ways. First, we explicitly relate crash prediction measures and asset pricing models. Second, we present a statistical significance test for crash prediction models. Finally, we propose a definition and a measure of robustness for these models. We apply our statistical test and measure the robustness of selected model specifications of the Price‐Earnings (P/E) ratio and Bond Stock Earning Yield Differential (BSEYD) measures. This analysis shows that the BSEYD and P/E ratios, were statistically significant robust predictors of corrections on the US equity market over the period 1964 to 2014.
Effects of regular water‐ and land‐based exercise on physical function after 5 years: A long‐term study on the well‐being of older Japanese adults
Authors: Tsujimoto Tomoya , Ikemoto Tatsunori , Kurisuno Makoto , Akao Machiko , Miyagawa Hirofumi , Inoue Msayuki , Arai Young‐Chang P. , Ushida Takahiro , Deie Masataka 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of 5 years of physical exercise on functional parameters among older Japanese adults who carried out water‐ or land‐based exercise.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated data from 5707 medical examinations and enrolled 77 older adults into the study. Eligible participants had to be aged ≥60 years, and engaged in water‐based exercise (n = 38) or a combination of water‐ and land‐based exercise (n = 39) for at least 80% of their total exercise time for over 5 years at our fitness center. In statistical analysis, a two‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance was carried out to examine the effects over time and by exercise type, and the changes in each parameter over 5 years were also compared between the two groups.ResultsWe found significant main effects and an interaction between time and exercise type for gait speed, with an early decline in the combined exercise group, as well as significant main effects of time, showing a functional decline in grip strength, one‐leg standing time and step/height ratio in both exercise types at the 5‐year follow up. The 5‐year changes in each parameter did not differ between the two groups despite the frequency of exercise, even though we found a negative correlation between changes in one‐leg standing time and total amount of water‐based exercise.ConclusionContrary to expectations, these results suggest that regular engagement in water‐based exercise, even combined with land‐based exercise, might have poor long‐term benefits for maintaining physical performance in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2116–2123.
Kreuth IV: European consensus proposals for treatment of haemophilia with coagulation factor concentrates
Authors: Giangrande P. L. F. , Peyvandi F. , O'Mahony B. , Behr‐Gross M.‐E. , Hilger A. , Schramm W. , Mannucci P. M. 
Published: April 2017

IntroductionThis report summarizes recommendations relating to haemophilia therapy arising from discussions among experts from 36 European countries during the ‘Kreuth IV’ meeting in May 2016.AimThe objective of the meeting was for experts in the field of haemophilia from across Europe to draft resolutions regarding current issues relating to the treatment of haemophilia.ResultsHospitals providing clinical care for people with haemophilia and related disorders are strongly recommended to seek formal designation as either European Haemophilia Treatment Centres (EHTC) or European Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centres (EHCCC). There should be agreed national protocols or guidelines on management of the ageing patient with haemophilia. The minimum consumption of factor VIII and IX concentrate in any country should be 4 IU and 0.5 IU per capita of general population respectively. Treatment for hepatitis C with direct‐acting antiviral agents should be provided to all people with haemophilia on a priority basis. Genotype analysis should be offered to all patients with severe haemophilia. Genetic counselling, when given, should encompass the recommendation that genetic relatives of the affected person be advised to seek genetic counselling. People with inhibitors should have access to bypassing agents, immune tolerance and elective surgery. National or regional tenders for factor concentrates are encouraged. Outcome data including health related quality of life should be collected. Treatment with extended half‐life factors should be individualized and protection against bleeding should be improved by increasing trough levels. Steps should be taken to understand and minimize the risk of inhibitor development.ConclusionIt is hoped that these recommendations will help to foster equity of haemophilia care throughout Europe.
Iron deficiency anemia in chronic kidney disease: Uncertainties and cautions
Authors: Agarwal Rajiv 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnemia in chronic kidney disease is common and iron deficiency is an important cause. To repair iron‐deficiency anemia, replacement of iron is needed. Iron can be replaced either by the oral route or by the intravenous route. In a meta‐analysis, 5 of the 6 trials were short‐term, 1 to 3 months, and compared to oral iron, the mean increase in hemoglobin with intravenous iron was only 0.31 g/dL. However, one of the studies included in this meta‐analysis was 6 months long and had a mean decline in hemoglobin of 0.52 g/dL associated with intravenous iron administration. Given the short duration of most of the clinical trials comparing oral with intravenous administration of iron the long‐term safety of these modes of administration of supplemental iron could not be assessed. Replacement of iron by the oral route is associated with mostly minor complications such as black stools, constipation, and abdominal discomfort. In contrast, intravenous administration of iron may lead to severe adverse events such as anaphylaxis and, as a more recent randomized trial has suggested, delayed complications such as infections and cardiovascular disease. Delayed complications of repeated intravenous iron use are difficult to recognize at an individual level therefore inpatients who have had recent cardiovascular events or are infected, intravenous iron should probably be avoided. Balancing safety and efficacy would require clinical judgment because 1 size may not fit all till we have better data to support the liberal use of parenteral iron.
Sensitivity of Helicobacter pylori detection by Giemsa staining is poor in comparison with immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization and strongly depends on inflammatory activity
Authors: Kocsmár Éva , Szirtes Ildikó , Kramer Zsófia , Szijártó Attila , Bene László , Buzás György Miklós , Kenessey István , Bronsert Peter , Csanadi Agnes , Lutz Lisa , Werner Martin , Wellner Ulrich Friedrich , Kiss András , Schaff Zsuzsa , Lotz Gábor 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundConventional stainings (including H&E and special stains like Giemsa) are the most widely applied histopathologic detection methods of Helicobacter pylori (HP).Materials and MethodsWe aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of Giemsa staining with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on a monocentric cohort of 2896 gastric biopsies and relate results to histologic alterations in order to find such histopathologic subgroups in which these methods underperform. All cases were categorized regarding presence or absence of chronic gastritis, inflammatory activity, and mucosal structural alterations.ResultsGiemsa revealed 687 cases (23.7%), IHC 795 cases (27.5%), and FISH 788 cases (27.2%) as being HP positive. Giemsa showed significantly lower overall sensitivity (83.3%) compared to IHC (98.8%) and FISH (98.0%). Moreover, the sensitivity of Giemsa dramatically dropped to 33.6% in the nonactive cases. We found that sensitivity of Giemsa strongly depends on HP density and, accordingly, on the presence of activity. Structural alterations (intestinal metaplasia, atrophy, etc.) had only no or weak effect on sensitivity of the three stainings. Both IHC and FISH proved to be equally reliable HP detecting techniques whose diagnostic performance is minimally influenced by mucosal inflammatory and structural alterations contrary to conventional stainings.ConclusionsWe highly recommend immunohistochemistry for clinically susceptible, nonactive chronic gastritis cases, if the conventional stain‐based HP detection is negative. Moreover, we recommend to use IHC more widely as basic HP stain. Helicobacter pylori FISH technique is primarily recommended to determine bacterial clarithromycin resistance. Furthermore, it is another accurate diagnostic tool for HP.
The relevance of context in understanding health literacy skills: Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: McKenna Verna B. , Sixsmith Jane , Barry Margaret M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundConceptualizing health literacy as a relational concept, which involves how individuals interact with complex health and social systems, requires a greater understanding of the context of people's health experiences.ObjectivesTo describe individuals’ experiences of accessing, understanding, appraising and applying health information; explore the barriers and facilitators to using these skills; and to describe the experience of information exchange in health consultations.DesignA longitudinal qualitative methodology with thematic analysis of interviews was used. Health literacy levels were assessed using the HLS‐EU‐47–Item Questionnaire. Findings are presented from the first round of data collection.Setting and participantsTwenty‐six participants purposefully selected from a CVD risk reduction programme at three separate time points.ResultsFour key themes identified: using health literacy capacities for managing health; psychological and structural factors that impact on these capacities; and the relationship quality with the health‐care provider (HCP). Although limited health literacy was prevalent across the sample (65%), all individuals were very proactive in attempting to utilize health literacy skills. Findings emphasize the importance of contextual factors such as the quality of communication with the health‐care provider, perceptions of control, attitudes to family medical history, navigating structural barriers and being supported in managing treatment and medication side‐effects.Discussion and ConclusionFindings are relevant for health‐care providers in order to enhance the patient‐provider relationship and to ensure optimum health outcomes for all individuals regardless of health literacy levels.
Histological features of malignancy correlate with growth patterns and patient outcome in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mäkinen Johanna M , Laitakari Kirsi , Johnson Shirley , Mäkitaro Riitta , Bloigu Risto , Pääkkö Paavo , Lappi‐Blanco Elisa , Kaarteenaho Riitta 
Published: April 2017

AimsUntil the launch of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society adenocarcinoma classification in 2011, there were no uniform histological grading criteria for pulmonary adenocarcinomas. The current classification highlights the prognostic importance of the various histological growth patterns observed in these morphologically heterogeneous neoplasias. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the classic histological parameters of malignancy in correlation with the growth patterns and patient outcomes in a series of 112 surgically operated stage I–IV lung adenocarcinomas.Methods and resultsArchitectural growth pattern analysis was performed according to the current adenocarcinoma classification. Histological features including, for example, nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, tumour necrosis, and different patterns of invasion were assessed and correlated statistically with the architecture and the clinical data. A solid predominant histology was associated with increased levels of atypia (P = 0.027), mitotic activity (P < 0.001), necrosis (P < 0.001), and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.001), and a non‐predominant solid pattern was associated with intra‐alveolar tumour spread (P = 0.004). The presence of a non‐predominant lepidic tumour component showed inverse correlations with atypia (P = 0.002), mitotic rate (P = 0.009), and tumour necrosis (P < 0.001). Tumour size (P < 0.001), mitotic activity (P = 0.019), tumour necrosis (P = 0.002), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.001) and visceral pleural involvement (P = 0.001) were all associated with reduced disease‐specific survival.ConclusionsThe classic histological features of malignancy correlate with tumour architecture and patient outcome, confirming the prognostic value of the growth pattern analysis and questioning the need for a parallel grading system in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.