bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Articulatory Control in Childhood Apraxia of Speech in a Novel Word–Learning Task
Authors: Case Julie , Grigos Maria I. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
Articulatory control and speech production accuracy were examined in children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and typically developing (TD) controls within a novel word–learning task to better understand the influence of planning and programming deficits in the production of unfamiliar words.

Method
Participants included 16 children between the ages of 5 and 6 years (8 CAS, 8 TD). Short- and long-term changes in lip and jaw movement, consonant and vowel accuracy, and token-to-token consistency were measured for 2 novel words that differed in articulatory complexity.

Results
Children with CAS displayed short- and long-term changes in consonant accuracy and consistency. Lip and jaw movements did not change over time. Jaw movement duration was longer in children with CAS than in TD controls. Movement stability differed between low- and high-complexity words in both groups.

Conclusions
Children with CAS displayed a learning effect for consonant accuracy and consistency. Lack of change in movement stability may indicate that children with CAS require additional practice to demonstrate changes in speech motor control, even within production of novel word targets with greater consonant and vowel accuracy and consistency. The longer movement duration observed in children with CAS is believed to give children additional time to plan and program movements within a novel skill.
Compact microstrip balun diplexer using stub‐loaded dual‐mode resonators
Authors: Huang Feng , Wang Jianpeng , Zhu Lei , Wu Wen 
Published: October 2016

A new microstrip unbalanced‐to‐balanced (balun) diplexer based on stub‐loaded dual‐mode resonators is presented. The proposed balun diplexer primarily consists of two balun filter channels, and both channels are entirely independently designable, thus bringing great flexibility in the balun diplexer design. Besides, owing to the direct connection of two dual‐mode balun filters, no additional matching networks are demanded at the common input port, leading to a significant size reduction. For demonstration, a prototype balun diplexer operating at 2.30 and 2.72 GHz is implemented. Both simulated and experimental results are provided in good agreement.
Runaway electrons during subnanosecond breakdowns in high‐pressure gases
Authors: Tarasenko Victor F. , Lomaev Mikhail I. , Beloplotov Dmitry V. , Sorokin Dmitry A. 
Published: October 2016

The parameters of runaway electrons produced in nanosecond high‐voltage discharges in different gases (air, nitrogen, sulphur hexafluoride, krypton, argon, methane, neon, hydrogen, helium) at atmospheric and higher pressure were studied. An optical analysis was also performed to investigate the ionisation dynamics in diffuse discharges in nitrogen and nitrogen‐containing mixtures. At breakdown of a point‐to‐plane gap by nanosecond (≃2 ns) high‐voltage (≃200 kV) pulses of negative voltage polarity and gas pressure above 0.1 MPa, a supershort avalanche electron beam (SAEB) was detected by a collector behind the flat anode. For pressure >0.1 MPa of nitrogen and other gases it is shown that the maximum pressure for SAEB registration decreases with increasing the voltage pulse rise time. Therefore, to detect a SAEB at atmospheric and higher gas pressure, one should use voltage pulses with an amplitude of hundred kilovolts and rise time of ∼1 ns and shorter. The experimental research in the dynamics of optical radiation from the discharge plasma shows that the breakdown in which runaway electrons are produced develops as an ionisation wave.
CN radical hydrogenation from solid H2 reactions, an alternative way of HCN formation in the interstellar medium
Authors: Borget Fabien , Müller Sandra , Grote Dirk , Theulé Patrice , Vinogradoff Vassilissa , Chiavassa Thierry , Sander Wolfram 
Published: October 2016

Context. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is the most abundant molecule of the interstellar medium (ISM) in gas phase and it has been assumed to exist in solid state or as coating on grains.
Aims. Our goal is to show that solid H2 can act as a hydrogenation agent, reacting with CN radicals to form HCN.
Methods. In a H2 matrix, we studied the hydrogenation of the CN radical generated from the vacuum ultraviolet photolysis (VUV-photolysis) of C2N2 at 3.8 K. We modified the wavelengths and the host gas in order to be sure that CN radicals can abstract H from H2 molecules.
Results. HCN monomers, dimers, and oligomers have been characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). H2CN as well as CN radicals have also been clearly observed during the photolysis performed at 3.8 K.
Conclusions. H2 is a hydrogenation reagent towards CN radicals producing HCN. This type of reaction should be taken into account for the reactivity at low temperature in contaminated H2 ice macro-particles (CHIMPs), H2 flakes or in the first sublayers of grains where solid H2 has accumulated.
Interplay between turbulence, neoclassical and zonal flows during the transition from low to high confinement mode at ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Cavedon M. , Pütterich T. , Viezzer E. , Birkenmeier G. , Happel T. , Laggner F. M. , Manz P. , Ryter F. , Stroth U. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The spatio-temporal interplay between turbulence, mean and zonal flows has been investigated at the L–H and H–L transitions in the edge region of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. Close to both transitions, an intermediate phase (I-phase) characterized by ‘limit cycle like oscillations’ (LCOs) is observed in which periodic bursts of turbulence correlate with

E

×

B

flow reduction and relaxation of gradients. During the I-phase, the

E

×

B

velocity is dominated by the mean flows indicating that turbulence driven flows are small. Periodic dithers between L-mode and the phases with LCOs are also observed just before the H-mode onset where the edge density and temperature profile gradients evolve on similar timescale as the flows. Thus connection between mean and

E

×

B

flows holds during the all evolution from L-mode to H-mode demonstrating the fundamental role of the neoclassical flows in the L–H transition physics.
Runaway electron mitigation by applied magnetic perturbations in RFX-mod tokamak plasmas
Authors: Gobbin M. , Valisa M. , White R.B. , Cester D. , Marrelli L. , Nocente M. , Piovesan P. , Stevanato L. , Puiatti M.E. , Zuin M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Thanks to its advanced system for the control of magnetohydrodynamic modes, the RFX-mod device run as a tokamak is particularly suited to the study of the possible impact on runaway electron (RE) de-confinement in response to applied magnetic perturbations. This paper shows that during the flat-top phase in RFX-mod discharges, with a plasma current of

I

p

∼
150

kA and a low density (

n

e

<

10

19

m−3), the amount of REs scales with the m  =  2,n  =  1 perturbation both in q(a)  <  2 and q(a)  >  2 plasmas. Similar results have also been obtained in post-disruption phases, but still with limited statistics. The mechanisms generating REs and the effect of magnetic perturbation (MP) on their confinement are interpreted by numerical simulations with the relativistic guiding center code ORBIT. The role played by different magnetic equilibria on the energy of REs and on their loss rates is investigated. ORBIT simulations indicate that RE-enhanced losses are associated with a raised level of stochasticity, the effect being more pronounced when the MP amplitude is higher and internally resonant.
Reduction of poloidal magnetic flux consumption during plasma current ramp-up in DEMO relevant plasma regimes
Authors: Wakatsuki T. , Suzuki T. , Hayashi N. , Shiraishi J. , Sakamoto Y. , Ide S. , Kubo H. , Kamada Y. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The method for reducing a poloidal magnetic flux consumption of external coils is investigated to reduce the size of the central solenoid (CS) in the DEMO reactor. The reduction of the poloidal magnetic flux consumption during a plasma current ramp-up phase by electron cyclotron (EC) heating is investigated using an integrated modeling code suite, TOPICS. A strongly reversed shear q profile tends to be produced if intense off-axis EC heating is applied to obtain a large reduction of the flux consumption. In order to overcome this tendency, we find a method to obtain the optimum temperature profile which minimizes the poloidal flux consumption for a wide range of the q profile. We try to reproduce the optimum temperature profile for a weakly reversed shear q profile using six EC rays of 20 MW. As a result, the resistive flux consumption during the current ramp-up can be reduced by 63% from the estimation using the Ejima constant of 0.45 and the total flux consumption can be reduced by 20% from the conventional estimation. In addition, we find that the resistive flux consumption is closely related to the volume averaged electron temperature and not to the profile shape. Using this relation, the required heating power is estimated to be 31 MW based on a well established global confinement scaling, ITER L-89P. As a result, it is clarified that the poloidal magnetic flux consumption can be reduced by 20% using 20–31 MW of EC heating for a weakly reversed shear q profile. This reduction of the flux consumption accounts for 10% reduction of the CS radius.
Impact of impurity seeding and divertor conditions on transitions, pedestal structure and ELMs
Authors: Dunne M.G. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Future devices will require a high scrape-off later (SOL) density and impurity seeding to avoid high-Z sputtering. However, these operational parameters are not included in present-day scaling laws, making extrapolations to larger devices difficult. As such, understanding the physics of such effects is vital in order to design the operational scenarios most favorable to high fusion gain. This review presents the favorable lowering of L-H transition power by changing to metal walled devices and sumarises the effects currently thought to be responsible for how SOL geometry can play a role in determining this threshold. Experimental observations on changes to the pedestal structure with main ion fuelling and low-, medium-, and high-Z impurity seeding are presented. These results, from several devices, show that main ion fuelling or high density operation can result in a lower pedestal top pressure, and hence reduced stored energy, while impurity seeding can recover this lost pressure. Particular focus is given to nitrogen seeded discharges and the recovery of pedestal parameters (notably high

T

e
,
p
e
d

) in JET and AUG since the changeover to metal walls in these devices. Lithium seeding is also emerging as a strong actuator in pedestal dynamics, with results ranging from a prolonged inter-ELM period to completely ELM-free scenarios on different devices. ELM dynamics are also presented in each section, with nitrogen seeding offering a probe into the structure of the ELM and demonstrating the difference between the initial ELM crash, likely due to a sharp MHD event, and a prolonged second phase, the origin of which remains unkown. Finally, modelling of the pedestal in impurity seeded scenarios reveals a common effect in the position of the density profile. Either through mode excitation near to the separatrix or an altered fuelling profile, seeding of impurities results in an inward shift of the density profile. This inward shift improves MHD stability, allowing access to regions of higher pressure gradient and current density, and, hence, offering a promising operational scenario for future devices.
Fabrication of light, flexible and multifunctional graphene nanoribbon fibers via a 3D solution printing method
Authors: Wang Mingqiang , Zhang Shuai , Song Yuanjun , Dong Jidong , Wei Huawei , Xie Huaquan , Fang Xiaojiao , Shao Lu , Huang Yudong , Jiang Zaixing 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) are one of the most promising carbon based materials. The integration of 2D GONR sheets into macroscopic materials, such as continuous fibers or film, leads the way in translating the good properties of individual GONR sheets into macroscopic and ordered materials for future applications. In this study, we first report the fabrication of GONR fibers utilizing GONR sheets as the raw material without any supporting surfactant or polymer. The method of fabricating fibers is referred to as ‘3D solution printing’. GONR fibers exhibit good mechanical and electrical properties, whose tensile strength and electrical conductivity could reach up to 95 MPa and 680 S cm−1, respectively. Hence, the fabricated 3D integrated circuits are lighter and smaller compared to traditional metal circuits, and with high electrical properties. The 3D integrated circuits, therefore, have a bright future prospect.
On a counterexample related to weighted weak type estimates for singular integrals
Authors: Caldarelli Marcela , Lerner Andrei , Ombrosi Sheldy 
Published: October 2016

We show that the Hilbert transform does not map

L
1

(

M

Φ

w
)

L^1(M_{\Phi }w)

to

L

1
,
∞

(
w
)

L^{1,\infty }(w)

for every Young function

Φ
\Phi

growing more slowly than

t
log
⁡
log
⁡
(

e

e

+
t
)

t\log \log (\textrm {e}^\textrm {e}+t)

. Our proof is based on a construction of M.C. Reguera and C. Thiele.
On the rigidity and boundary regularity for Bakry-Emery-Kohn harmonic functions in Bergman metric on the unit ball in 𝐶ⁿ
Authors: Zhang QiQi 
Published: October 2016

In this paper we study the rigidity theorem for smooth Bakry-Emery-Kohn harmonic function

u
u

in the unit ball

B
n

B_n

in

C

n

\textit {C}^n

, which satisfies

◻

ψ

u
=

∑

i
,
j
=
1

n

(

δ

i
j

−

z
i

z
¯

j

)

∂
2

u

∂

z
i

∂

z
¯

j

+
(
1
−

|

z

|

2

)

ψ
′

(

|

z

|

2

)

∑

j
=
1

n

z
¯

j

∂
u

∂

z
¯

j

=
0

\begin{equation*} \Box ^{\psi } u=\sum _{i, j=1}^n (\delta _{ij}-z_i \overline {z}_j){\partial ^2 u \over \partial z_i \partial \overline {z}_j}+(1-|z|^2) \psi ’(|z|^2) \sum _{j=1}^n \overline {z}_j {\partial u\over \partial \overline {z}_j}=0 \end{equation*}

with some restriction of the coefficients of Taylor expansion for

ψ
\psi

at

1
1

. We prove that any smooth B-E-K harmonic function on

B
¯

n

\overline {B}_n

must be holomorphic in

B
n

B_n

. We study the regularity problem for the solution of the Dirichlet boundary value problem:

{

◻

ψ

u
=
0
,

if

z
∈

B
n

,

u
=
f
,

if

z
∈
∂

B
n

.

\begin{equation*} \begin {cases} \Box ^\psi u=0, \hbox { if } z\in B_n,\cr \quad \ u=f, \hbox { if } z\in \partial B_n.\cr \end{cases} \end{equation*}
Singular decompositions of a cap product
Authors: Chataur David , Saralegi-Aranguren Martintxo , Tanré Daniel 
Published: October 2016

In the case of a compact orientable pseudomanifold, a well-known theorem of M. Goresky and R. MacPherson says that the cap product with a fundamental class factorizes through the intersection homology groups. In this work, we show that this classical cap product is compatible with a cap product in intersection (co)homology that we have previously introduced. If the pseudomanifold is also normal, for any commutative ring of coefficients, the existence of a classical Poincaré duality isomorphism is equivalent to the existence of an isomorphism between the intersection homology groups corresponding to the zero and the top perversities.
Cancer driver gene discovery through an integrative genomics approach in a non-parametric Bayesian framework
Authors: Yang Hai , Wei Qiang , Zhong Xue , Yang Hushan , Li Bingshan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMotivationComprehensive catalogue of genes that drive tumor initiation and progression in cancer is key to advancing diagnostics, therapeutics and treatment. Given the complexity of cancer, the catalogue is far from complete yet. Increasing evidence shows that driver genes exhibit consistent aberration patterns across multiple-omics in tumors. In this study, we aim to leverage complementary information encoded in each of the omics data to identify novel driver genes through an integrative framework. Specifically, we integrated mutations, gene expression, DNA copy numbers, DNA methylation and protein abundance, all available in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and developed iDriver, a non-parametric Bayesian framework based on multivariate statistical modeling to identify driver genes in an unsupervised fashion. iDriver captures the inherent clusters of gene aberrations and constructs the background distribution that is used to assess and calibrate the confidence of driver genes identified through multi-dimensional genomic data.ResultsWe applied the method to 4 cancer types in TCGA and identified candidate driver genes that are highly enriched with known drivers. (e.g.: P &lt; 3.40 × 10−36 for breast cancer). We are particularly interested in novel genes and observed multiple lines of supporting evidence. Using systematic evaluation from multiple independent aspects, we identified 45 candidate driver genes that were not previously known across these 4 cancer types. The finding has important implications that integrating additional genomic data with multivariate statistics can help identify cancer drivers and guide the next stage of cancer genomics research.Availability and ImplementationThe C ++ source code is freely available at https://medschool.vanderbilt.edu/cgg/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
KAT: a K-mer analysis toolkit to quality control NGS datasets and genome assemblies
Authors: Mapleson Daniel , Garcia Accinelli Gonzalo , Kettleborough George , Wright Jonathan , Clavijo Bernardo J 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Motivation
De novo assembly of whole genome shotgun (WGS) next-generation sequencing (NGS) data benefits from high-quality input with high coverage. However, in practice, determining the quality and quantity of useful reads quickly and in a reference-free manner is not trivial. Gaining a better understanding of the WGS data, and how that data is utilized by assemblers, provides useful insights that can inform the assembly process and result in better assemblies.

Results
We present the K-mer Analysis Toolkit (KAT): a multi-purpose software toolkit for reference-free quality control (QC) of WGS reads and de novo genome assemblies, primarily via their k-mer frequencies and GC composition. KAT enables users to assess levels of errors, bias and contamination at various stages of the assembly process. In this paper we highlight KAT’s ability to provide valuable insights into assembly composition and quality of genome assemblies through pairwise comparison of k-mers present in both input reads and the assemblies.

Availability and Implementation
KAT is available under the GPLv3 license at: https://github.com/TGAC/KAT.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Modelling methodology of atrial fibrosis affects rotor dynamics and electrograms
Authors: Roney Caroline H. , Bayer Jason D. , Zahid Sohail , Meo Marianna , Boyle Patrick M.J. , Trayanova Natalia A. , Haïssaguerre Michel , Dubois Rémi , Cochet Hubert , Vigmond Edward J. 
Published: October 2016

Aims
Catheter ablation is an effective technique for terminating atrial arrhythmia. However, given a high atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence rate, optimal ablation strategies have yet to be defined. Computer modelling can be a powerful aid but modelling of fibrosis, a major factor associated with AF, is an open question. Several groups have proposed methodologies based on imaging data, but no comparison to determine which methodology best corroborates clinically observed reentrant behaviour has been performed. We examined several methodologies to determine the best method for capturing fibrillation dynamics.

Methods and results
Patient late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging data were transferred onto a bilayer atrial computer model and used to assign fibrosis distributions. Fibrosis was modelled as conduction disturbances (lower conductivity, edge splitting, or percolation), transforming growth factor-β1 ionic channel effects, myocyte-fibroblast coupling, and combinations of the preceding. Reentry was induced through pulmonary vein ectopy and the ensuing rotor dynamics characterized. Non-invasive electrocardiographic imaging data of the patients in AF was used for comparison. Electrograms were computed and the fractionation durations measured over the surface. Edge splitting produced more phase singularities from wavebreaks than the other representations. The number of phase singularities seen with percolation was closer to the clinical values. Addition of fibroblast coupling had an organizing effect on rotor dynamics. Simple tissue conductivity changes with ionic changes localized rotors over fibrosis which was not observed with clinical data.

Conclusion
The specific representation of fibrosis has a large effect on rotor dynamics and needs to be carefully considered for patient specific modelling.
To shape or to be shaped: engaging stakeholders in fishery management advice
Authors: Sampedro Paz , Prellezo Raúl , García Dorleta , Da-Rocha José María , Cerviño Santiago , Torralba Julia , Touza Julia , García-Cutrín Javier , Gutiérrez María José 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to assess the effectiveness of the collaboration between stakeholders and scientists in the construction of a bio-economic model to simulate management strategies for the fisheries in Iberian Atlantic waters. For 3 years, different stakeholders were involved in a model development study, participating in meetings, surveys and workshops. Participatory modelling involved the definition of objectives and priorities of stakeholders, a qualitative evaluation and validation of the model for use by decision-makers, and an iterative process with the fishing sector to interpret results and introduce new scenarios for numerical simulation. The results showed that the objectives of the participating stakeholders differed. Incorporating objectives into the design of the model and prioritizing them was a challenging task. We showed that the parameterization of the model and the analysis of the scenarios results could be improved by the fishers’ input: e.g. ray and skate stocks were explicitly included in the model; and the behaviour of fleet dynamics proved much more complex than assumed in any traditional modelling approach. Overall, this study demonstrated that stakeholder engagement through dialogue and many interactions was beneficial for both, scientists and the fishing industry. The researchers obtained a final refined model and the fishing industry benefited from participating in a process, which enables them to influence decisions that may affect them directly (to shape) whereas non-participatory processes lead to management strategies being imposed on stakeholders (to be shaped).
A broad sense measure of health and its properties in the HRS
Authors: Cantu Phillip , Sheehan Connor M. , Domingue Benjamin W. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMeasuring health is a crucial component of much social research. Two approaches are typical. Health may be measured via either narrowly targeted questions about aspects of disability or chronic conditions. Alternatively, individuals may be asked to self-report their health in some global sense. Both approaches have potential drawbacks. We consider a broad sense measure of health constructed by items from five different batteries related to physical and mental wellbeing. We demonstrate that this measure predicts time until death better than self-reported health, especially for females. Although this measure has promise, we argue that future surveys on health would benefit from the inclusion of additional items focusing on issues salient to younger individuals or other non-disabled respondents.