bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residential Mobility and Adolescent Achievement and Behavior: Understanding Timing and Extent of Mobility
Authors: Anderson Sara , Leventhal Tama 
Published: September 2016

Residential mobility is generally viewed as an adverse event for adolescents' development. Less is known about whether moving during adolescence, childhood, or both periods explains this connection and whether the extent of mobility matters. Analytic shortcomings with much of the research call into question extant findings. We examined associations between childhood, adolescent, and child–adolescent mobility and adolescents' achievement (math and reading) and behavior problems (internalizing and externalizing). With a multisite, longitudinal sample (N = 1,056), we employed propensity score methods, which mitigate concerns about selection bias on observed variables, to investigate relationships. Results suggest that multiple, child–adolescent movers had more internalizing problems in adolescence than their stable peers, but did not differ on externalizing problems or achievement.
Where are threatened ferns found? Global conservation priorities for pteridophytes
Authors: Brummitt Neil , Aletrari Elina , Syfert Mindy M. , Mulligan Mark 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRecent efforts to improve the representation of plant species included on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species through the IUCN Sampled Red List Index (SRLI) for Plants have led to the assessment of almost 1000 additional species of pteridophytes and lycophytes under IUCN Red List criteria. Species were selected at random from all lineages of pteridophytes and lycophytes and are taxonomically as well as ecologically representative of pteridophyte and lycophyte diversity. 16% of pteridophyte and lycophyte species are globally threatened with extinction and 22% are of elevated conservation concern (threatened or Near Threatened); of species of pteridophytes and lycophytes previously included on the Red List, 54% were considered threatened. Over half of pteridophyte and lycophyte species assessed for the SRLI use estimates of range size; therefore the method used to measure range may affect the Red List category assigned. We evaluated this using two alternative metrics for estimating range, species distribution modelling (SDM) and ecologically suitable habitat (ESH), for 227 species endemic to the Neotropical biogeographic realm. Differences between range estimates were small when ranges were small but increased with increasing range size. For 58 (25.6%) species alternative modelling techniques result in the species meeting the threshold for a different IUCN Red List category from using extent of occurrence. Modelling threatened species distributions also highlights priority areas for conservation in tropical and subtropical montane forests that are the most species‐rich habitat for small‐range pteridophyte and lycophyte species, but which are now increasingly subject to rapid conversion to agriculture.
Community‐based real‐world treatment outcomes of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir in Asians with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 6 in the United States
Authors: Wong R. J. , Nguyen M. T. , Trinh H. N. , Huynh A. , Ly M. T. , Nguyen H. A. , Nguyen K. K. , Yang J. , Garcia R. T. , Levitt B. , da Silveira E. , Gish R. G. 
Published: September 2016

SummarySofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) is the first all‐oral ribavirin‐free treatment approved for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 6, offering a safe and highly efficacious treatment option. Large studies evaluating real‐world outcomes of this regimen are lacking. We aim to evaluate real‐world treatment outcomes for HCV genotype 6. A retrospective cohort study evaluated 65 adults (age ≥18) with chronic HCV genotype 6 treated with SOF/LDV without ribavirin at a community gastroenterology clinic in the United States from November 2014 to May 2016. Rates of undetectable virus at week 4 on treatment, at end of treatment (EOT) and SVR12 were stratified by the presence of cirrhosis and prior treatment (treatment naïve vs treatment experienced). Among 65 patients with chronic HCV genotype 6 treated with SOF/LDV (52.3% male, mean age 66.3 years [SD 9.7], 41.5% cirrhosis and 15.4% treatment experienced), 97.3% had undetectable virus at week 4 on treatment, 96.9% had undetectable virus at EOT and 95.3% achieved SVR12. SVR12 was 100% in females vs 91.2% in males, P=.096, and 92.3% in patients with cirrhosis vs 97.4% in those without cirrhosis, P=.347. Resistance testing of treatment failures was attempted but unsuccessful due to lack of conforming primers to define the possible resistance mutations. Among the largest U.S. community‐based real‐world cohort of Asian chronic HCV genotype 6 patients treated with all‐oral SOF/LDV without ribavirin, SVR12 was similar to SVR12 reported in clinical trials, confirming the safety and effectiveness of this regimen and validating current HCV genotype 6 treatment guideline recommendations.
Direct antiviral agent treatment of chronic hepatitis C results in rapid regression of transient elastography and fibrosis markers fibrosis‐4 score and aspartate aminotransferase‐platelet ratio index
Authors: Bachofner Jacqueline A. , Valli Piero V. , Kröger Arne , Bergamin Irina , Künzler Patrizia , Baserga Adriana , Braun Dominique , Seifert Burkhardt , Moncsek Anja , Fehr Jan , Semela David , Magenta Lorenzo , Müllhaupt Beat , Terziroli Beretta‐Piccoli Benedetta , Mertens Joachim C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundNovel direct antiviral agents (DAA) targeting hepatitis C virus (HCV) have revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC). Rates of sustained virological response (SVR) to treatment have drastically improved since introduction of DAA. Transient Elastography (TE) is an ultrasound based, non‐invasive technique to assess liver stiffness (LS). We examined the changes in TE values and fibrosis scores FIB‐4 and APRI after DAA treatment of CHC.Methods549 patients who received a DAA based treatment for CHC were screened and 392 were included. TE values recorded prior to therapy and within 18 months after therapy were evaluated. In addition, FIB‐4 and APRI scores were calculated and histopathological results were recorded if available.ResultsMedian TE prior to DAA treatment was 12.65 kPa (IQR 9.45‐19.2 kPa) and decreased to 8.55 kPa (IQR 5.93‐15.25) post‐treatment. This finding is statistically significant (P<.001) and equals a TE regression of 32.4% after DAA treatment. Median FIB‐4 and APRI values significantly decreased from 2.54 (IQR 1.65‐4.43) and 1.10 (IQR 0.65‐2.43) to 1.80 (IQR 1.23‐2.84, P<.001) and 0.43 (IQR 0.3‐0.79, P<.001) respectively.ConclusionPatients with SVR after DAA therapy showed significant regression of TE values. Rapid decrease in TE was in concordance with regression of validated fibrosis scores FIB‐4 and APRI. It remains to be examined whether this indicates a true regression of fibrosis or merely resolution of chronic liver inflammation with subsequent improvement of TE values and laboratory parameters.
Identification of aminopyrimidine‐sulfonamides as potent modulators of Wag31‐mediated cell elongation in mycobacteria
Authors: Singh Vinayak , Dhar Neeraj , Pató János , Kolly Gaëlle S. , Korduláková Jana , Forbak Martin , Evans Joanna C. , Székely Rita , Rybniker Jan , Palčeková Zuzana , Zemanová Júlia , Santi Isabella , Signorino‐Gelo François , Rodrigues Liliana , Vocat Anthony , Covarrubias Adrian S. , Rengifo Monica G. , Johnsson Kai , Mowbray Sherry , Buechler Joseph , Delorme Vincent , Brodin Priscille , Knott Graham W. , Aínsa José A. , Warner Digby F. , Kéri György , Mikušová Katarína , McKinney John D. , Cole Stewart T. , Mizrahi Valerie , Hartkoorn Ruben C. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThere is an urgent need to discover new anti‐tubercular agents with novel mechanisms of action in order to tackle the scourge of drug‐resistant tuberculosis. Here, we report the identification of such a molecule – an AminoPYrimidine‐Sulfonamide (APYS1) that has potent, bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis. Mutations in APYS1‐resistant M. tuberculosis mapped exclusively to wag31, a gene that encodes a scaffolding protein thought to orchestrate cell elongation. Recombineering confirmed that a Gln201Arg mutation in Wag31 was sufficient to cause resistance to APYS1, however, neither overexpression nor conditional depletion of wag31 impacted M. tuberculosis susceptibility to this compound. In contrast, expression of the wildtype allele of wag31 in APYS1‐resistant M. tuberculosis was dominant and restored susceptibility to APYS1 to wildtype levels. Time‐lapse imaging and scanning electron microscopy revealed that APYS1 caused gross malformation of the old pole of M. tuberculosis, with eventual lysis. These effects resembled the morphological changes observed following transcriptional silencing of wag31 in M. tuberculosis. These data show that Wag31 is likely not the direct target of APYS1, but the striking phenotypic similarity between APYS1 exposure and genetic depletion of Wag31 in M. tuberculosis suggests that APYS1 might indirectly affect Wag31 through an as yet unknown mechanism.
Similar below‐ground carbon cycling dynamics but contrasting modes of nitrogen cycling between arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal forests
Authors: Lin Guigang , McCormack M. Luke , Ma Chengen , Guo Dali 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Compared with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) forests, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) forests are hypothesized to have higher carbon (C) cycling rates and a more open nitrogen (N) cycle.
To test this hypothesis, we synthesized 645 observations, including 22 variables related to below‐ground C and N dynamics from 100 sites, where AM and ECM forests co‐occurred at the same site.
Leaf litter quality was lower in ECM than in AM trees, leading to greater forest floor C stocks in ECM forests. By contrast, AM forests had significantly higher mineral soil C concentrations, and this result was strongly mediated by plant traits and climate. No significant differences were found between AM and ECM forests in C fluxes and labile C concentrations. Furthermore, inorganic N concentrations, net N mineralization and nitrification rates were all higher in AM than in ECM forests, indicating ‘mineral’ N economy in AM but ‘organic’ N economy in ECM trees.
AM and ECM forests show systematic differences in mineral vs organic N cycling, and thus mycorrhizal type may be useful in predicting how different tree species respond to multiple environmental change factors. By contrast, mycorrhizal type alone cannot reliably predict below‐ground C dynamics without considering plant traits and climate.
The novel use of inter‐maxillary fixation screws as denture abutments in a Parkinson's patient
Authors: Beech A. , Farrier J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA 67‐year‐old male patient presented to our department with severe mentalis spasm secondary to Parkinson's disease unable to retain upper and lower complete dentures. Injection of the mentalis muscle with Botulinum Toxin (Botox®) gave limited improvement. Restrictions on the placement of dental implants within our Trust meant we were unable to offer them to the patient. We, therefore, placed two titanium IMF screws into both the mandibular and maxillary alveolar ridges. The patient's existing dentures were modified to accommodate the IMF screws enabling pleasing denture retention. The screw placement and denture addition procedures were carried out with excellent healing and no complications. The IMF screws remain stable in situ 9 months after placement. This technique for retaining complete dentures in a Parkinson's patient is simple and cost‐effective, with the added advantage of being easily reversible as their use does not prevent future implant placement.
Multistage Stochastic Optimization for Production‐Inventory Planning with Intermittent Renewable Energy
Authors: Golari Mehdi , Fan Neng , Jin Tongdan 
Published: September 2016

A growing number of companies install wind and solar generators in their energy‐intensive facilities to attain low‐carbon manufacturing operations. However, there is a lack of methodological studies on operating large manufacturing facilities with intermittent power. This study presents a multi‐period, production‐inventory planning model in a multi‐plant manufacturing system powered with onsite and grid renewable energy. Our goal is to determine the production quantity, the stock level, and the renewable energy supply in each period such that the aggregate production cost (including energy) is minimized. We tackle this complex decision problem in three steps. First, we present a deterministic planning model to attain the desired green energy penetration level. Next, the deterministic model is extended to a multistage stochastic optimization model taking into account the uncertainties of renewables. Finally, we develop an efficient modified Benders decomposition algorithm to search for the optimal production schedule using a scenario tree. Numerical experiments are carried out to verify and validate the model integrity, and the potential of realizing high‐level renewables penetration in large manufacturing system is discussed and justified.
Ability emotional intelligence and its relation to aggression across time and age groups
Authors: García‐Sancho Esperanza , Salguero José M. , Fernández‐Berrocal Pablo 
Published: September 2016

Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been associated with several indicators of psychosocial adjustment, including aggressive behavior, but the relevant research has been mostly cross‐sectional, focused on adults, and limited to trait EI measures (García‐Sancho, Salguero & Fernández‐Berrocal, 2014; Mayer, Roberts & Barsade, ). The present work explored the relationship between Ability Emotional Intelligence (AEI) and aggression in both adults and adolescents using cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs. We conducted two studies. Study 1 aimed to provide preliminary evidence about the relationship between AEI and aggression in adults. As literature has shown personality traits act as a strong predictor of aggression, study 1 also examined the potential incremental validity of AEI beyond personality traits in 474 undergraduate students (M = 22.76, SD = 5.13). The results indicated AEI explains a significant amount of unique variance for physical aggression, but not for verbal aggression after controlling personality traits. Study 2 aimed a longitudinal analysis of the relationship between EI and aggression in 151 adolescents (M = 14.74, SD = 0.84). AEI predicted physical aggression over time, but it did not predict verbal aggression. Results from both studies suggest a negative and significant relationship between AEI and physical aggression, however contrary our expectations, it did not for verbal aggression. These results highlight the important explanatory role of emotional abilities in physical aggressive conducts and the implications of these findings are discussed.
Exploring a Multi‐modal Experimental Approach to Investigation of Local Embedment Behaviour of Wood under Steel Dowels
Authors: Lederer W. , Bader T. K. , Muszyński L. , Eberhardsteiner J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA multi‐modal experimental approach for analysing the embedment behaviour of timber connections with steel dowels is proposed in this study. In this approach, a standard mechanical embedment test on single‐dowel connections is combined with an optical measurement of surface deformations of the connection based on digital image correlation principle and an X‐ray micro‐computed tomography examination of the deformations in the dowel‐wood interface. The latter is conducted on cylindrical cores including the dowel hole, physically extracted from the loaded specimen at three characteristic points of the load‐deformation curves. The major challenge of this procedure is disrupted load transfer between the cylindrical core specimens and the external material they were plugged in for further analysis. Despite its challenges and limitations, the method revealed a potential for an unprecedented insight into the micromechanics of dowel connections and for effective correlation of the micro‐level observations with the external macroscopic load‐deformation characteristics.
Tumor‐associated antigens: Tn antigen, sTn antigen, and T antigen
Authors: Fu C. , Zhao H. , Wang Y. , Cai H. , Xiao Y. , Zeng Y. , Chen H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGlycosylation is one of the major posttranslational modifications of proteins. N‐glycosylation (Asn‐linked) and O‐glycosylation (Ser/Thr‐linked) are the two main forms. Abnormal O‐glycosylation is frequently observed on the surface of tumor cells, and is associated with an adverse outcome and poor prognosis in patients with cancer. O‐glycans (Tn, sTn, and T antigen) can be synthesized in the Golgi apparatus with the aid of several glycosyltransferases (such as T‐synthase and ST6GalNAc‐I) in a suitable environment. The unique molecular chaperone of T‐synthase is Cosmc, which helps T‐synthase to fold correctly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Dysregulation of these glycosyltransferases, molecular chaperones, or the environment is involved in the dysregulation of O‐glycans. Tn, sTn, and T antigen neo‐ or over‐expression occurs in many types of cancer including gastric, colon, breast, lung, esophageal, prostate, and endometrial cancer. This review discusses the major synthetic pathway of O‐glycans and the mechanism by which Tn, sTn, and T antigens promote tumor metastasis.
Complement C3 inhibitor Cp40 attenuates xenoreactions in pig hearts perfused with human blood
Authors: Abicht Jan‐Michael , Kourtzelis Ioannis , Reichart Bruno , Koutsogiannaki Sophia , Primikyri Alexandra , Lambris John D. , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Holdt Lesca , Kind Alexander , Guethoff Sonja , Mayr Tanja 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe complement system plays a crucial role in acute xenogeneic reactions after cardiac transplantation. We used an ex vivo perfusion model to investigate the effect of Cp40, a compstatin analog and potent inhibitor of complement at the level of C3.MethodsFifteen wild‐type pig hearts were explanted, cardiopleged, and reperfused ex vivo after 150 minutes of cold ischemia. Hearts were challenged in a biventricular working heart mode to evaluate cardiac perfusion and function. In the treatment group (n=5), the complement cascade was blocked at the level of C3 using Cp40, using diluted human blood. Untreated human and porcine blood was used for controls.ResultsThroughout the perfusion, C3 activation was inhibited when Cp40 was used (mean of all time points: 1.11 ± 0.34% vs 3.12 ± 0.48% control activation; P<.01). Compared to xenoperfused controls, the cardiac index improved significantly in the treated group (6.5 ± 4.2 vs 3.5 ± 4.8 mL/min/g; P=.03, 180 minutes perfusion), while the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase as a maker for cell degradation was reduced in the perfusate (583 ± 187 U/mL vs 2108 ± 1145 U/mL, P=.02). Histological examination revealed less hemorrhage and edema, and immunohistochemistry confirmed less complement fragment deposition than in untreated xenoperfused controls.ConclusionsCp40 efficiently prevents C3 activation of the complement system, resulting in reduced cell damage and preserved function in wild‐type porcine hearts xenoperfused ex vivo. We suggest that this compstatin analog, which blocks all main pathways of complement activation, could be a beneficial perioperative treatment in preclinical and in future clinical xenotransplantation.
Annual Removal of Aboveground Plant Biomass Alters Soil Microbial Responses to Warming
Authors: Xue Kai , Yuan Mengting M. , Xie Jianping , Li Dejun , Qin Yujia , Hale Lauren E. , Wu Liyou , Deng Ye , He Zhili , Van Nostrand Joy D. , Luo Yiqi , Tiedje James M. , Zhou Jizhong 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTClipping (i.e., harvesting aboveground plant biomass) is common in agriculture and for bioenergy production. However, microbial responses to clipping in the context of climate warming are poorly understood. We investigated the interactive effects of grassland warming and clipping on soil properties and plant and microbial communities, in particular, on microbial functional genes. Clipping alone did not change the plant biomass production, but warming and clipping combined increased the C4peak biomass by 47% and belowground net primary production by 110%. Clipping alone and in combination with warming decreased the soil carbon input from litter by 81% and 75%, respectively. With less carbon input, the abundances of genes involved in degrading relatively recalcitrant carbon increased by 38% to 137% in response to either clipping or the combined treatment, which could weaken long-term soil carbon stability and trigger positive feedback with respect to warming. Clipping alone also increased the abundance of genes for nitrogen fixation, mineralization, and denitrification by 32% to 39%. Such potentially stimulated nitrogen fixation could help compensate for the 20% decline in soil ammonium levels caused by clipping alone and could contribute to unchanged plant biomass levels. Moreover, clipping tended to interact antagonistically with warming, especially with respect to effects on nitrogen cycling genes, demonstrating that single-factor studies cannot predict multifactorial changes. These results revealed that clipping alone or in combination with warming altered soil and plant properties as well as the abundance and structure of soil microbial functional genes. Aboveground biomass removal for biofuel production needs to be reconsidered, as the long-term soil carbon stability may be weakened.IMPORTANCEGlobal change involves simultaneous alterations, including those caused by climate warming and land management practices (e.g., clipping). Data on the interactive effects of warming and clipping on ecosystems remain elusive, particularly in microbial ecology. This study found that clipping alters microbial responses to warming and demonstrated the effects of antagonistic interactions between clipping and warming on microbial functional genes. Clipping alone or combined with warming enriched genes degrading relatively recalcitrant carbon, likely reflecting the decreased quantity of soil carbon input from litter, which could weaken long-term soil C stability and trigger positive warming feedback. These results have important implications in assessing and predicting the consequences of global climate change and indicate that the removal of aboveground biomass for biofuel production may need to be reconsidered.
Antibiotic Resistance and Regulation of the Gram-Negative Bacterial Outer Membrane Barrier by Host Innate Immune Molecules
Authors: Miller Samuel I. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The Gram-negative outer membrane is an important barrier that provides protection against toxic compounds, which include antibiotics and host innate immune molecules such as cationic antimicrobial peptides. Recently, significant research progress has been made in understanding the biogenesis, regulation, and functioning of the outer membrane, including a recent paper from the laboratory of Dr. Brett Finlay at the University of British Columbia (J. van der Heijden et al., mBio 7:e01238-16, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01541-16). These investigators demonstrate that toxic oxygen radicals, such as those found in host tissues, regulate outer membrane permeability by altering the outer membrane porin protein channels to regulate the influx of oxygen radicals as well as β-lactam antibiotics. This commentary provides context about this interesting paper and discusses the prospects of utilizing increased knowledge of outer membrane biology to develop new antibiotics for antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.