bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle image velocimetry measurements of induced separation at the leading edge of a plate
Authors: Stevenson J. P. J. , Nolan K. P. , Walsh E. J. 
Published: September 2016

The free shear layer that separates from the leading edge of a round-nosed plate has been studied under conditions of low (background) and elevated (grid-generated) free stream turbulence (FST) using high-fidelity particle image velocimetry. Transition occurs after separation in each case, followed by reattachment to the flat surface of the plate downstream. A bubble of reverse flow is thereby formed. First, we find that, under elevated (7 %) FST, the time-mean bubble is almost threefold shorter due to an accelerated transition of the shear layer. Quadrant analysis of the Reynolds stresses reveals the presence of slender, highly coherent fluctuations amid the laminar part of the shear layer that are reminiscent of the boundary-layer streaks seen in bypass transition. Instability and the roll-up of vortices then follow near the crest of the shear layer. These vortices are also present under low FST and in both cases are found to make significant contributions to the production of Reynolds stress over the rear of the bubble. But their role in reattachment, whilst important, is not yet fully clear. Instantaneous flow fields from the low-FST case reveal that the bubble of reverse flow often breaks up into two or more parts, thereby complicating the overall reattachment process. We therefore suggest that the downstream end of the ‘separation isoline’ (the locus of zero absolute streamwise velocity that extends unbroken from the leading edge) be used to define the instantaneous reattachment point. A histogram of this point is found to be bimodal: the upstream peak coincides with the location of roll-up, whereas the downstream mode may suggest a ‘flapping’ motion.
GENERALIZED GELFAND–GRAEV REPRESENTATIONS IN SMALL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: TAYLOR JAY 
Published: September 2016

Let$\mathbf{G}$be a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraic closure$\overline{\mathbb{F}_{p}}$of the finite field of prime order$p$and let$F:\mathbf{G}\rightarrow \mathbf{G}$be a Frobenius endomorphism with$G=\mathbf{G}^{F}$the corresponding$\mathbb{F}_{q}$-rational structure. One of the strongest links we have between the representation theory of$G$and the geometry of the unipotent conjugacy classes of$\mathbf{G}$is a formula, due to Lusztig (Adv. Math.94(2) (1992), 139–179), which decomposes Kawanaka’s Generalized Gelfand–Graev Representations (GGGRs) in terms of characteristic functions of intersection cohomology complexes defined on the closure of a unipotent class. Unfortunately, the formula given in Lusztig (Adv. Math.94(2) (1992), 139–179) is only valid under the assumption that$p$is large enough. In this article, we show that Lusztig’s formula for GGGRs holds under the much milder assumption that$p$is an acceptable prime for$\mathbf{G}$($p$very good is sufficient but not necessary). As an application we show that every irreducible character of$G$, respectively, character sheaf of$\mathbf{G}$, has a unique wave front set, respectively, unipotent support, whenever$p$is good for $\mathbf{G}$.
NICIL: A Stand Alone Library to Self-Consistently Calculate Non-Ideal Magnetohydrodynamic Coefficients in Molecular Cloud Cores
Authors: Wurster James 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce Nicil: Non-Ideal magnetohydrodynamics Coefficients and Ionisation Library. Nicil is a stand-alone Fortran90 module that calculates the ionisation values and the coefficients of the non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics terms of Ohmic resistivity, the Hall effect, and ambipolar diffusion. The module is fully parameterised such that the user can decide which processes to include and decide upon the values of the free parameters, making this a versatile and customisable code. The module includes both cosmic ray and thermal ionisation; the former includes two ion species and three species of dust grains (positively charged, negatively charged, and neutral), and the latter includes five elements which can be doubly ionised. We demonstrate tests of the module, and then describe how to implement it into an existing numerical code.
FRBCAT: The Fast Radio Burst Catalogue
Authors: Petroff E. , Barr E. D. , Jameson A. , Keane E. F. , Bailes M. , Kramer M. , Morello V. , Tabbara D. , van Straten W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHere, we present a catalogue of known Fast Radio Burst sources in the form of an online catalogue, FRBCAT. The catalogue includes information about the instrumentation used for the observations for each detected burst, the measured quantities from each observation, and model-dependent quantities derived from observed quantities. To aid in consistent comparisons of burst properties such as width and signal-to-noise ratios, we have re-processed all the bursts for which we have access to the raw data, with software which we make available. The originally derived properties are also listed for comparison. The catalogue is hosted online as aMysqldatabase which can also be downloaded in tabular or plain text format for off-line use. This database will be maintained for use by the community for studies of the Fast Radio Burst population as it grows.
Radiocarbon Age of Soils in Oases of East Antarctica
Authors: Zazovskaya E , Mergelov N , Shishkov V , Dolgikh A , Miamin V , Cherkinsky A , Goryachkin S 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article discusses radiocarbon dating results for soils and soil-like systems in the East Antarctic oases, including Schirmacher, Thala Hills, and Larsemann Hills. The organic matter of endolithic and hypolithic systems, soils of wind shelters, and soils under moss-algae vegetation were dated along with micro- and macroprofiles. Organic matter pools formed under extreme climatic conditions and originated not from vascular plants but from cryptogamic organisms, and photoautotrophic microbes have been identified within the oases of the East Antarctica. The organic matter of the most of East Antarctic soils is young and cannot reach a steady state because of the high dynamism in the soil cover due to active erosion. The oldest soil organic matter in East Antarctica was found in the soils formed in wind shelters and endolithic soil-like systems under the protection of consolidated rock surfaces. According to our data, the maximal duration for the formation of organic matter profiles within the oases of East Antarctica is ~500 yr, which is similar to the age determined for High Arctic soils in Eurasia. The absence of older soils, comparable with the Holocene deglaciation, can be due to the extreme conditions resulting in occasional catastrophic events that destroyed the soil organic horizons.
SEED-ORIENTED PLANTING IMRPROVES LIGHT INTERCEPTION, RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: TORRES GUILHERME M. , KOLLER ADRIAN , TAYLOR RANDY , RAUN WILLIAM R. 
Published: September 2016

This article was published with an incorrect Title. The correct title should read:‘SEED-ORIENTED PLANTING IMPROVES LIGHT INTERCEPTION, RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.)’The original article has been rectified with the correct title and a footnote detailing the error has been inserted in the online PDF and HTML copies.
BIAS IN COLLEGIATE COURTS
Authors: Olowofoyeku Abimbola A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article addresses the issues attending common law collegiate courts' engagements with allegations of bias within their own ranks. It will be argued that, in such cases, it would be inappropriate to involve the collegiate panel or any member thereof in the decision, since such involvement inevitably encounters difficulties. The common law's dilemmas require drastic solutions, but the common law arguably is ill-equipped to implement the required change. The answer, it will be argued, is legislation.
A synthetic review of notoedres species mites and mange
Authors: FOLEY J. , SERIEYS L. E. K. , STEPHENSON N. , RILEY S. , FOLEY C. , JENNINGS M. , WENGERT G. , VICKERS W. , BOYDSTON E. , LYREN L. , MORIARTY J. , CLIFFORD D. L. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYNotoedric mange, caused by obligately parasitic sarcoptiformNotoedresmites, is associated with potentially fatal dermatitis with secondary systemic disease in small mammals, felids and procyonids among others, as well as an occasional zoonosis. We describe clinical spectra in non-chiropteran hosts, review risk factors and summarize ecological and epidemiological studies. The genus is disproportionately represented on rodents. Disease in felids and procyonids ranges from very mild to death. Knowledge of the geographical distribution of the mites is highly inadequate, with focal hot spots known forNotoedres catiin domestic cats and bobcats. Predisposing genetic and immunological factors are not known, except that co-infection with other parasites and anticoagulant rodenticide toxicoses may contribute to severe disease. Treatment of individual animals is typically successful with macrocytic lactones such as selamectin, but herd or wildlife population treatment has not been undertaken. Transmission requires close contact and typically is within a host species. Notoedric mange can kill half all individuals in a population and regulate host population below non-diseased density for decades, consistent with frequency-dependent transmission or spillover from other hosts. Epidemics are increasingly identified in various hosts, suggesting global change in suitable environmental conditions or increased reporting bias.
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of three novel autophagy-related genes from the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: FLORES FERNÁNDEZ JOSÉ MIGUEL , BARRAGÁN ÁLVAREZ CARLA PATRICIA , SÁNCHEZ HERNÁNDEZ CARLA VANESSA , PADILLA CAMBEROS EDUARDO , GONZÁLEZ CASTILLO CELIA , ORTUÑO SAHAGÚN DANIEL , MARTÍNEZ VELÁZQUEZ MOISÉS 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYThe cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is a hematophagous ectoparasite of major importance for the livestock industry. It shows a remarkable ability to survive over long periods without feeding. However, the mechanisms used to endure long-term starvation are poorly understood. It is believed that autophagy, a process of intracellular protein degradation, may play a significant role to confront adverse environmental conditions. To advance our understanding of autophagy in R. microplus, in the present study we report the molecular characterization of three autophagy-related (ATG) genes, namely, RmATG3, RmATG4 and RmATG6, as well as their expression profiles in different developmental stages and organs of the parasite. The deduced amino acid sequences derived from the characterized gene sequences were subjected to Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis. The testing produced significant alignments with respective ATG proteins from Haemaphysalis longicornis and Ixodes scapularis ticks. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays revealed that RmATG4 and RmATG6 transcripts were elevated in egg and ovary tissue, when compared with larva and midgut samples, while RmATG3 expression in midgut was 2-fold higher than in egg, larva and ovary samples.
Heythrop, Copleston, and the Jesuit Contribution to Philosophy
Authors: Haldane John 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThere has been public outcry from philosophers and others at the prospect of the closure of Heythrop College, University of London; yet the nature and history of Heythrop remain little known. It is apt and timely, therefore, as its likely dissolution approaches, to provide a brief account of its origins and development up to and including the period of its entry into London University under the leadership of the most famous modern historian of philosophy Frederick Copleston. Following on from this, the idea of a distinctive Jesuit intellectual tradition, and more specifically of the Jesuit contribution to philosophy, is explored.
Recent Critics of Mill's Qualitative Hedonism
Authors: Saunders Ben 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTwo recent critics of Mill's qualitative hedonism, Michael Hauskeller and Kristin Schaupp, argue that Mill's distinction between higher and lower pleasures was largely unsuccessful. They allege that Mill failed to demonstrate that some pleasures are lexically preferred to others, and indeed that this can be shown false by the fact that most people would not renounce supposedly lower pleasures, such as chocolate or sex, even for greater amounts of higher pleasures, such as reading or opera. I respond that many of these criticisms rest on uncharitable assumptions or interpretations of Mill's position. We need not suppose that Mill was even trying to do the things he supposedly failed to do. However, considering these objections may lead us to a more plausible interpretation of Mill's views, according to which the quality of pleasures, along with their quantity, contributes towards happiness. There is no need to suppose that ‘higher pleasures’ must be lexically preferred to lower ones, or even to be dogmatic about which pleasures are higher.
Cost-effectiveness of focal psychodynamic therapy and enhanced cognitive–behavioural therapy in out-patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Egger N. , Wild B. , Zipfel S. , Junne F. , Konnopka A. , Schmidt U. , de Zwaan M. , Herpertz S. , Zeeck A. , Löwe B. , von Wietersheim J. , Tagay S. , Burgmer M. , Dinkel A. , Herzog W. , König H.-H. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious illness leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. The treatment of AN very often is protracted; repeated hospitalizations and lost productivity generate substantial economic costs in the health care system. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the differential cost-effectiveness of out-patient focal psychodynamic psychotherapy (FPT), enhanced cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT-E), and optimized treatment as usual (TAU-O) in the treatment of adult women with AN.MethodThe analysis was conducted alongside the randomized controlled Anorexia Nervosa Treatment of OutPatients (ANTOP) study. Cost-effectiveness was determined using direct costs per recovery at 22 months post-randomization (n = 156). Unadjusted incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated. To derive cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEACs) adjusted net-benefit regressions were applied assuming different values for the maximum willingness to pay (WTP) per additional recovery. Cost–utility and assumptions underlying the base case were investigated in exploratory analyses.ResultsCosts of in-patient treatment and the percentage of patients who required in-patient treatment were considerably lower in both intervention groups. The unadjusted ICERs indicated FPT and CBT-E to be dominant compared with TAU-O. Moreover, FPT was dominant compared with CBT-E. CEACs showed that the probability for cost-effectiveness of FTP compared with TAU-O and CBT-E was ⩾95% if the WTP per recovery was ⩾€9825 and ⩾€24 550, respectively. Comparing CBT-E with TAU-O, the probability of being cost-effective remained <90% for all WTPs. The exploratory analyses showed similar but less pronounced trends.ConclusionsDepending on the WTP, FPT proved cost-effective in the treatment of adult AN.
Gubernatorial use of executive orders: unilateral action and policy adoption
Authors: Sellers Mitchell Dylan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractI examine gubernatorial use of executive orders, and assess how executive action influences statute adoption. I argue that strong governors use executive orders to pursue policy objectives when they perceive legislation as unlikely to pass. Multilevel Event History Analysis of executive orders and the adoption of statutes that protect the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community from 1975 to 2013 reveals that partisan control of government and intrastate factors influence both forms of policy adoption. My findings support the strategic model that argues that executives turn to executive orders when confronting unfavourable legislative conditions, and that governors issue protections more when entering office. Legislatures respond to partisan control of the legislature and social characteristics. Further, states that have pro-LGBT executive orders in place are more likely to adopt similar statutes. My results suggest that stronger governors are more likely to issue executive orders, but it is states with weaker governors that are more likely to adopt legislation.
3D-point-cloud registration and real-world dynamic modelling-based virtual environment building method for teleoperation
Authors: Ni Dejing , Song Aiguo , Xu Xiaonong , Li Huijun , Zhu Chengcheng , Zeng Hong 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYIt is a challenging task for a human operator to manipulate a robot from a remote distance, especially in an unknown environment. Excellent teleoperation provides the human operator with a sense of telepresence, mainly including real-world vision, haptic perception, etc. This paper presents a novel virtual environment building method using the red–green–blue (RGB) colour information, the surface normal feature-based 3D-point-cloud registration method and the weighted sliding-average least-square-method-based real-world dynamic modelling for teleoperation. The experiments prove the method to be an accurate and effective means of teleoperation.
A migrant-inspired path planning algorithm for obstacle run using
particle swarm optimization, potential field navigation, and fuzzy logic
controller
Authors: Kuo Ping-Huan , Li Tzuu-Hseng S. , Chen Guan-Yu , Ho Ya-Fang , Lin Chih-Jui 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObstacle avoidance is an important issue in robotics. In this paper, the particle
swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which is inspired by the collective
behaviors of birds, has been designed for solving the obstacle avoidance
problem. Some animals that travel to the different places at a specific time of
the year are called migrants. The migrants also represent the particles of PSO
for defining the walking paths in this work. Migrants consider not only the
collective behaviors, but also geomagnetic fields during their migration in
nature. Therefore, in order to improve the performance and the convergence speed
of the PSO algorithm, concepts from the migrant navigation method have been
adopted for use in the proposed hybrid particle swarm optimization (H-PSO)
algorithm. Moreover, the potential field navigation method and the designed
fuzzy logic controller have been combined in H-PSO, which provided a good
performance in the simulation and the experimental results. Finally, the
Federation of International Robot-soccer Association (FIRA) HuroCup Obstacle Run
Event has been chosen for validating the feasibility and the practicability of
the proposed method in real time. The designed adult-sized humanoid robot also
performed well in the 2015 FIRA HuroCup Obstacle Run Event through utilizing the
proposed H-PSO.
Empirical Bayes estimation of farm prevalence adjusting for multistage sampling and uncertainty in test performance: a Brucella cross-sectional serostudy in southern Kazakhstan
Authors: BEAUVAIS W. , ORYNBAYEV M. , GUITIAN J. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYEstimation of farm prevalence is common in veterinary research. Typically, not all animals within the farm are sampled, and imperfect tests are used. Often, assumptions about herd sizes and sampling proportions are made, which may be invalid in smallholder settings. We propose an alternative method for estimating farm prevalence in the context of Brucella seroprevalence estimation in an endemic region of Kazakhstan. We collected 210 milk samples from Otar district, with a population of about 1000 cattle and 16 000 small ruminants, and tested them using an indirect ELISA. Individual-level prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Taylor series linearization. A model was developed to estimate the smallholding prevalence, taking into account variable sampling proportions and uncertainty in the test accuracy. We estimate that 73% of households that we sampled had at least one Brucella-seropositive animal (95% credible interval 68–82). We estimate that 58% (95% confidence interval 40–76) of lactating small ruminants and 14% (95% confidence interval 1–28) of lactating cows were seropositive. Our results suggest that brucellosis is highly endemic in the area and conflict with those of the official brucellosis-testing programme, which found that in 2013 0% of cows and 1·7% of small ruminants were seropositive.
Surveillance for malaria outbreak on malaria-eliminating islands in Tafea Province, Vanuatu after Tropical Cyclone Pam in 2015
Authors: CHAN C. W. , IATA H. , YAVIONG J. , KALKOA M. , YAMAR S. , TALEO G. , ISOZUMI R. , FUKUI M. , AOYAMA F. , POMER A. , DANCAUSE K. N. , KANEKO A. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYThe risk of malaria outbreak surfaced in Vanuatu after Tropical Cyclone (TC) Pam in March 2015. In June and July 2015 we conducted malariometric surveys on the islands of Tanna, Aneityum, and Erromango in Tafea Province, where malaria elimination had been targeted, to determine if malaria incidence had increased after TC Pam. No Plasmodium infection was detected by microscopy and PCR in 3009 survey participants. Only 6·3% (190/3007) of participants had fever. Spleen rates in children aged ⩽12 years from Aneityum and Tanna were low, at 3·6% (14/387) and 5·3% (27/510), respectively. Overall bed net use was high at 72·8% (2175/2986); however, a significantly higher (P < 0·001) proportion of participants from Aneityum (85·9%, 796/927) reported net use than those from Tanna (67·1%, 751/1119) and Erromango (66·8%, 628/940). A recent decrease in malaria incidence in Tafea Province through comprehensive intervention measures had reduced the indigenous parasite reservoir and limited the latter's potential to spur an outbreak after TC Pam. The path towards malaria elimination in Tafea Province was not adversely affected by TC Pam.
Costing ‘healthy’ food baskets in Australia – a systematic review of food price and affordability monitoring tools, protocols and methods
Authors: Lewis Meron , Lee Amanda 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo undertake a systematic review to determine similarities and differences in metrics and results between recently and/or currently used tools, protocols and methods for monitoring Australian healthy food prices and affordability.DesignElectronic databases of peer-reviewed literature and online grey literature were systematically searched using the PRISMA approach for articles and reports relating to healthy food and diet price assessment tools, protocols, methods and results that utilised retail pricing.SettingNational, state, regional and local areas of Australia from 1995 to 2015.SubjectsAssessment tools, protocols and methods to measure the price of ‘healthy’ foods and diets.ResultsThe search identified fifty-nine discrete surveys of ‘healthy’ food pricing incorporating six major food pricing tools (those used in multiple areas and time periods) and five minor food pricing tools (those used in a single survey area or time period). Analysis demonstrated methodological differences regarding: included foods; reference households; use of availability and/or quality measures; household income sources; store sampling methods; data collection protocols; analysis methods; and results.Conclusions‘Healthy’ food price assessment methods used in Australia lack comparability across all metrics and most do not fully align with a ‘healthy’ diet as recommended by the current Australian Dietary Guidelines. None have been applied nationally. Assessment of the price, price differential and affordability of healthy (recommended) and current (unhealthy) diets would provide more robust and meaningful data to inform health and fiscal policy in Australia. The INFORMAS ‘optimal’ approach provides a potential framework for development of these methods.