bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of life‐history traits to artificial and natural selection for virulence and nonvirulence in a Drosophila parastitoid, Asobara tabida
Authors: Moiroux Joffrey , van Baaren Joan , Poyet Mathilde , Couty Aude , Eslin Patrice , Prévost Geneviève , Séguin Jérémy , Le Roux Vincent 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCo‐evolution of host–parasitoid interactions is determined by the costs of host resistance, which received empirical evidence, and the costs of parasitoid virulence, which have been mostly hypothesized. Asobara tabida is a parasitoid, which mainly parasitizes Drosophila melanogaster and D. subobscura, the first species being able to resist to the parasitoid development while the second species is not. To parasitize resistant hosts, including D. melanogaster, A. tabida develops sticky eggs, which prevent encapsulation, but this virulence mechanism may be costly. Interindividual and interpopulation variation in the proportion of sticky eggs respectively allowed us to (i) artificially select and compare life‐history traits of a virulent and a nonvirulent laboratory strain, and (ii) compare a virulent and a nonvirulent field strain, to investigate the hypothetical costs of virulence. We observed strong differences between the 2 laboratory strains. The nonvirulent strain invested fewer resources in reproduction and walked less than the virulent one but lived longer. Concerning the field strains, we observed that the nonvirulent strain had larger wings while the virulent one walked more and faster. All together, our results suggest that virulence may not always be costly, but rather that different life histories associated with different levels of virulence may coexist at both intra‐ and interpopulation levels.
Detoxifying symbionts in agriculturally important pest insects
Authors: van den Bosch Tijs J. M. , Welte Cornelia U. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryPest insects lead to excessive agricultural and therefore economical losses on crops worldwide. These insects have to withstand toxic molecules that are inherent to plant defences, as well as those that are produced and introduced by humans in the form of insecticides. In recent years, research on insect–microbe symbioses has recognized that microbial symbionts may play a role protecting against these toxins, leading to a form of defensive symbiosis between the pest insect and different types of microorganisms that we term detoxifying symbioses. In this minireview, we will highlight well‐characterized and emerging insect model systems of detoxifying symbioses and assess how the microorganisms influence the host's success.
Observational study of the impact of an individualized multidisciplinary chronic care program for hip and knee osteoarthritis treatment on willingness for surgery
Authors: Teoh Laurence S. G. , Eyles Jillian P. , Makovey Joanna , Williams Matthew , Kwoh C. Kent. , Hunter David J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo determine the impact of an osteoarthritis‐specific multidisciplinary conservative care program (OACCP) on willingness for surgery (WFS) and to identify changes and factors in our cohort that influence and predict willingness for surgery.MethodsConsecutive OACCP participants with hip or knee OA, with WFS (willing, unsure or unwilling) data for at least two appointments were included. The proportions of unwilling versus willing/unsure patients at baseline and last appointment were compared using McNemar's test. Logistic regression was used to analyze baseline age, gender, main language, educational status, living situation, number of comorbidities, index joint, non‐index joint osteoarthritis, completion of program, baseline and change in pain, function, depression, body mass index and 6‐min walk test (6MWT) for association with changing WFS.ResultsAt baseline 203/409 were unwilling for surgery while by final appointment 234/409 were unwilling (P = 0.002). Of the 206 initially willing/unsure participants, 63/206 (30.6%) became unwilling by final appointment. Index joint, completion of program, baseline and change in pain, self‐reported function and 6MWT were independently associated with becoming unwilling. Final model from multivariate logistic regression analysis regarding becoming unwilling included baseline pain (P < 0.001), change in pain (P < 0.001), completion of program (P < 0.001) and age (P = 0.004).ConclusionA conservative OA‐specific treatment program that improves pain and function can reduce willingness for surgery among participants with hip or knee OA. The strongest determinants of this reduction in willingness were baseline and change in pain, completion of the program and participant age.
Genetic Variations in Bilirubin Metabolism Genes and Their Association with Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia in Adults
Authors: Chiddarwar Ashish S. , D'Silva Selma Z. , Colah Roshan B. , Ghosh Kanjaksha , Mukherjee Malay B. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryObjective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the genotype and allele frequencies of the variants in the four bilirubin metabolism genes (UGT1A1, OATP2, HMOX1, and BLVRA) and their association with hyperbilirubinemia. Material and Methods: Genotyping of 17 genetic variants was performed in 115 adults with hyperbilirubinemia and 150 controls by PCR‐RFLP, GeneScan analysis, and direct DNA sequencing. Results: Genetic polymorphisms of the UGT1A1 promoter, specifically the T‐3279G phenobarbital‐responsive enhancer module and (TA)7 dinucleotide repeat, as well as the intron and coding region variants of the OATP2, HMOX1, and BLVRA genes, were significantly higher among the cases than the controls. Further, nearly 82% of the cases showed the presence of significantly four or more variants as compared to 37% of the controls (P < 0.0001) and the mean total serum bilirubin levels also increased according to the number of variants co‐expressed. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that polymorphisms in the bilirubin metabolism genes had a significant effect on bilirubin levels and could be genetic risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia.
The Paradox of Disremembering the Dead: Ritual, Memory, and Embodied Historicity in Mapuche Shamanic Personhood
Authors: Bacigalupo Ana Mariella 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYThis article examines how the processes of disremembering, the transformations of memory and personhood, and the rebirth of Mapuche shamans address and cloud issues of social persistence and cohesion in a community. My analysis is grounded in the broader culture of death rituals but also advances a reading of these rituals as expressions of an essentially historical consciousness: how Mapuche shamans such as Francisca Kolipi mediate indigenous engagements with history and historicity. Francisca's personhood was reshaped multiple times through contested processes of disremembering and remembering, and her multiple deaths were rescripted and rehistoricized. Community members erased the negative aspects of Francisca's spirit and merged it with the spirit of her machi predecessor, and Francisca was rehistoricized in a new context in anticipation of the rebirth of her spirit in a new shaman.
Dream Transformations of the “American” Pinup Model for Sexuality
Authors: Mageo Jeannette 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYPinups populate magazine stands at supermarket cash registers in the United States because they embody an American model of sexuality. In this model the person fits her own or another's fantasies for being a perfect sexual image. The pinup model frequently appeared in the dream and life history data I collected among undergraduates in the northwestern United States between 2004 and 2009. These data map an oppositional set of subject positions that define dream dramas whenever the pinup model emerges: mesmerizing agency on the one hand, abject objectification on the other. The extent to which each of these sides is manifest depends on an actor's freedom to disambiguate her own communications. These sides represent an oppositional set of subject positions that pinup dreams personify as characters and suggest dreamers experience cultural models as contradictory cognitive and emotional imperatives. The data further suggest that dreamers continually reform models in attempts to cope with ever‐changing contexts and, finally, that the pinup model persists because it embodies what I call American “mirror phase cultural psychology.”
Journeys and Their Afterlives
Authors: Bedi Tarini 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYThis piece is about the disjointed experiences of death, grief, and gendered Hindu religiosity in contemporary India. The religious rituals surrounding death animate journeys of all kinds—between the spaces of these rituals; between religious belief and skepticism; between the sentimentality of the past and the present realities of loss; between home, kinship obligations, and a transnational world; and between changing norms of the family. [death, gender, grief, Hindu ritual, India]
Fifty‐Three Kilos1
Authors: Dennis Dannah 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYIn this fictional story, an anthropologist helps her friend Srijana pack suitcases in preparation for an upcoming trip from Kathmandu to Portland. Srijana's choices about what to take and what to leave behind illustrate the ways in which interpersonal connections are encoded in material objects and illuminate the complex web of relationships between family members in Nepal and North America. [migration, diaspora, family, Nepal, relationships]
Nan's Moemoeā1
Authors: Sweetman Lauren E. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis piece is one in a series of creative nonfiction stories borne out of the author's fieldwork in Aotearoa, New Zealand. An act of giving and receiving, tribute and lament, these stories were created as a form of reciprocity with the author's interlocutors for sharing theirs. Here, the author relives her experiences with Nan, an aged Māori kuia (elder), as they navigate space and memory through sense, song, and silence.
The Curious Case of the Curiosity Center
Authors: Shankar Arjun 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYThis piece narrates the first meeting between an anthropologist and a man dedicated to developing a curiosity center in New York City. As the encounter unfolds, the complexities of the Indian diasporic experience, the emotions of field research, the paradoxes of a man's autobiography, and the concept of curiosity together animate the tale.
The Spirit of the Symbol
Authors: Torres JT 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYIn December 2014, I traveled to Cuba as part of an ethnographic research team to explore the hybrid identities of those in Perico and Agramonte, Cuba who descend from the Arará. Despite the fact that my family's history is tied to Cuba, this was my first trip to the island. The research project became a personal journey into the ways faith, science, and performance are all intertwined but also unravel one another.
Acellular Endocardium as a Novel Biomaterial for the Intima of Tissue‐Engineered Small‐Caliber Vascular Grafts
Authors: Wang Feng , Guan Xin , Wu TianYi , Qiao JianOu , Han ZhaoQing , Wu JinLong , Yu XiaoWei , You QingJun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe aimed to investigate whether acellular endocardium can be used as a useful biomaterial for the intima of engineered small‐caliber vascular grafts. Fresh endocardium was harvested from the swine left atrium and was decellularized by digestion with the decellularization solution of Triton X‐100 and SDS containing DNase I and RNase A. Surface morphological characteristics and Young's modulus were evaluated. To analyze the effect of mechanical characteristics on cell adhesion, the decellularized endocardium was stiffened with 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Small‐caliber vascular grafts were constructed using decellularized endocardium treated with or without glutaraldehyde as the intima. CD34+ cells were seeded onto the luminal surface of the vascular grafts and linked to bioreactors that simulate a pulsatile blood stream. Acellular endocardium had distinct surface morphological characteristics, which were quite different from those of other materials. The compliance of acellular endocardium was higher than that of other materials tested by Young's modulus. CD34+ cells formed a monolayer structure and adhered to the inner face of the acellular endocardium. The glutaraldehyde treatment stiffened the acellular endocardium but had little impact on the surface morphological characteristics or static adhesiveness of the cells. Data from the bioreactor study showed that the detachment of the cells from the surface of glutaraldehyde‐treated acellular endocardium increased dramatically when the pressure was equal or higher than 40 mm Hg, while the cells on the untreated acellular endocardium remained well and formed confluent monolayers and tight junctions under the same pressure. Acellular endocardium has distinct structures and mechanical characteristics that are beneficial for CD34+ cell adhesion and retention under dynamic fluid perfusion. Thus, it can be used as a useful biomaterial for the construction of the intima of engineered small‐caliber vascular grafts.
Letter: cytokeratin‐18 as a biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma regression after transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: He Z.‐H. , He W.‐R. , Wu L.‐L. , Zhao C. , Peng N.‐F. , Ahir B.‐K. , Lu C.‐Y. 
Published: December 2016

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Bock et al and Bantel et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13578 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13826.
Letter: stepwise diagnosis in covert hepatic encephalopathy – critical flicker frequency and MELD‐score as a first‐step approach. Replication and pitfalls
Authors: Zacharias H. D. , Jackson C. D. , Morgan M. Y. , Olesen S. S. 
Published: December 2016

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Greinert et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13721 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13850.
Letter: stepwise diagnosis in covert hepatic encephalopathy – critical flicker frequency and MELD‐score as a first‐step approach. Replication and pitfalls. Authors‘ reply
Authors: Greinert R. , Zipprich A. , Ripoll C. 
Published: December 2016

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Greinert et al and Zacharias et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13721 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13830.
Letter: reduction in chronic hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma with anti‐viral therapy, including low‐risk patients – more questions than answers. Authors' reply
Authors: Lin D. , Yang H.‐I. , Hoang J. , Nguyen M. H. 
Published: December 2016

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Lin et al, and Wei and Wang papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13774 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13829.
“U.S. Pharmaceutical Gray Markets: Why Do They Persist—and What to Do about Them?”
Authors: Hemphill Thomas A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article illustrates how a traditional U.S. pharmaceutical industry supply chain operates, beginning with pharmaceutical compounds and ending at patient‐dispensing hospitals or pharmacies. Furthermore, to place the problem of U.S. drug shortages in historical perspective, a review of the annual volume of such shortages over the last decade is undertaken. Following this review of recent drug shortages is an analysis of the market forces and business decisions that drive the creation of a pharmaceutical gray market, its attendant “price gouging” and product integrity issues, and the alterations in the traditional pharmaceutical industry supply chain model. In response to persistent drug shortages, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently been empowered by the executive and legislative branches of the U.S. government to actively address this issue. To reflect these FDA challenges, a thorough review of these new agency charges and responsibilities is undertaken. Lastly, an analysis of the results of recent FDA public policy actions on mitigating drug shortages, as well as recommendations tor market‐based solutions to the gray market problem that pharmaceutical manufacturers, hospitals and pharmacies could institute as industry‐wide standards of business practice, are discussed in the conclusion.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Corporate Personhood and Corporate Political Spending: Implications for Shareholders
Authors: Nemetz Patricia L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn theCitizens United v. Federal Election Commission(2010) decision, the Supreme Court rendered an opinion verifying the legality of unions and corporations to spend funds from theirgeneral treasuriesto finance independent expenditures related to political and electioneering communications. Such speech and communications are constitutionally protected by the First Amendment, according to Justice Kennedy, who wrote the majority opinion (558 U.S. 22, 2010). The dissenting opinion questioned whether such rights should accrue to corporations, since corporations differ from constitutionally‐protected “natural persons” (dissent, 558 U.S. 50 at 2, 2010; Johnson2011). The decision ignited a firestorm of controversy, which renewed interest in the legal concept of corporate personhood.This article reviews key findings in theCitizens United v. FECcase, then describes the historical, legal, and theoretical concepts of corporate personhood with the goal of unbundling the nuanced consequences of the majority and dissenting opinions of theCitizens United v. FECcase. The analysis then turns to a shareholder perspective, with particular emphasis on the implications for shareholders’ rights and responsibilities. It concludes with an exploration of options available to shareholders concerned about how to respond when a corporation uses its resources to communicate political opinions at odds with their own.
An Integrational Framework of Organizational Moral Development, Legitimacy, and Corporate Responsibility: A Longitudinal, Intersectoral Analysis of Citizenship Reports
Authors: Lewis Gabriella , Palacios Sergio , Valenzuela Marcus A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this article, we outline a unique conceptual framework connecting legitimacy types (Suchman, 1995), theories of corporate responsibility (Brummer, 1991), and levels of organizational moral development based on Kohlberg's (1971) moral development stages. In addition, based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) categories, we found empirical support for our framework, by content analyzing Fortune 500 corporate citizenship reports from four different industries (i.e., chemicals, motor vehicle/auto parts, pharmaceutical, and utilities), at three data points (i.e., 2002, 2007, and 2012). Our analysis indicates that motor vehicle/auto parts and chemicals industries are at a higher developmental level, and portray moral legitimacy along with social demandingness corporate responsibility in recent years; while the pharmaceutical and utilities sectors are at a lower developmental level, showing signs of pragmatic legitimacy, alongside classical and stakeholder corporate responsibility strategies. This article contributes to the current organizational moral development literature by developing and finding empirical support of a conceptual framework of organizational moral development, legitimacy, and corporate responsibility. In particular, our findings provide a deeper understanding of the differences in moral development levels across four focal industries over a 10‐year timespan.
Crocin Attenuates Kindling Development and Associated Cognitive Impairments in Mice via Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species‐Mediated NF‐κB Activation
Authors: Mazumder Arindam Ghosh , Sharma Pallavi , Patial Vikram , Singh Damanpreet 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCrocin is a pharmacologically active carotenoid pigment mainly present in the stigmas of Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae). It has been well explored in experimental animal models of cognitive impairments, depression, anxiety and epilepsy. This study was designed to understand the effect of crocin on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)‐induced kindling development and its associated cognitive deficit in mouse. Crocin treatment at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg p.o. doses showed a marked reduction in severity of PTZ‐induced seizures. There was an increase in novel object preference index and discrimination ratio in the crocin‐treated groups in the novel object recognition test. Its treatment also increased percentage spontaneous alternations in T‐maze test at all the tested doses. Histopathological examination by Nissl staining showed a reduction in dark neurons in the hippocampal pyramidal layer of crocin‐treated animals in contrast to vehicle control, indicating a decrease in neuronal damage. Biochemical estimations showed a significant increase in superoxide dismutase activity and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hippocampus of crocin‐treated animals. Immunohistochemistry results revealed attenuation in the levels of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and phosphorylated NF‐κB in the hippocampal sections of crocin‐treated animals. The results of this study concluded that crocin treatment increased seizure threshold, thus inhibiting PTZ‐induced kindling development and improving cognitive functions. The effect was found to be due to suppression of seizure‐induced ROS generation and its linked NF‐κB pathway‐associated neuronal damage.
Protective roles of melatonin in central nervous system diseases by regulation of neural stem cells
Authors: Yu Xin , Li Zheng , Zheng Heyi , Ho Jeffery , Chan Matthew T.V. , Wu William Ka Kei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) are immature precursors of the central nervous system (CNS), with self‐renewal and multipotential differentiation abilities. Their proliferation and differentiation are dynamically regulated by hormonal and local factors. Alteration in neurogenesis is associated with many neurological disorders. Increasing evidence suggests that modulation of NSCs can be a promising therapeutic approach for neural injury and neurodegenerative disorders. Melatonin, a pineal gland‐derived hormone, regulates the neuroimmuno‐endocrine axis and is functionally important to the circadian rhythm, tumour suppression and immunity. In the CNS, melatonin exerts neuroprotective effects in many diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and ischaemic brain injury. Emerging evidence suggests that it might also mediate such protective action by influencing proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In this article, we review the current literature concerned with effects of melatonin on NSCs in different physiological and pathological conditions.
Russia in the Eastern Mediterranean: Intervention, Deterrence, Containment
Authors: Litsas Spyridon N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Syrian Civil War gave the opportunity to Russia to establish itself as a pivotal strategic element in the region of the Eastern Mediterranean. This can be seen in the Russian military presence in Syria and in the new Russian maritime strategy in the Black Sea and in the Eastern Mediterranean. This articles argues that deterrence is not enough by itself to put an obstacle in Russian regional expansionism and that a new containment policy is required in order for the West to maintain the existing status in the Eastern Mediterranean.