bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk and resilience in autism spectrum disorder: a missed translational opportunity?
Authors: Szatmari Peter 
Published: October 2017

The objective of this review is to provide a narrative summary of risk and resiliency in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) over the lifespan. In recent years, much has been learned about risk factors for ASD which include both genetic and environmental mechanisms. Resiliency in ASD is much less studied but examples can be gleaned by exploring studies that allow for heterogeneity in causation and outcome. Possible examples come from the literature on sex difference, infant siblings, and natural history. Exciting translational opportunities can be achieved through a greater focus on understanding protective factors and resiliency in ASD than the field's almost exclusive focus on risk factors and the ability to predict poor outcomes. Although the exact nature of processes that protect in ASD are not yet known, putting a resiliency lens on research and clinical practice may prove illuminating.What this paper adds

Resiliency in autism spectrum disorder is a function of the vast variation seen in etiology and outcome.

A focus on strengthening protective factors may improve long‐term outcome.
Electrophysiological evidence for differences between fusion and combination illusions in audiovisual speech perception
Authors: Baart Martijn , Lindborg Alma , Andersen Tobias S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIncongruent audiovisual speech stimuli can lead to perceptual illusions such as fusions or combinations. Here, we investigated the underlying audiovisual integration process by measuring ERPs. We observed that visual speech‐induced suppression of P2 amplitude (which is generally taken as a measure of audiovisual integration) for fusions was similar to suppression obtained with fully congruent stimuli, whereas P2 suppression for combinations was larger. We argue that these effects arise because the phonetic incongruency is solved differently for both types of stimuli.
Forest bees are replaced in agricultural and urban landscapes by native species with different phenologies and life‐history traits
Authors: Harrison Tina , Gibbs Jason , Winfree Rachael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnthropogenic landscapes are associated with biodiversity loss and large shifts in species composition and traits. These changes predict the identities of winners and losers of future global change, and also reveal which environmental variables drive a taxon's response to land use change. We explored how the biodiversity of native bee species changes across forested, agricultural, and urban landscapes. We collected bee community data from 36 sites across a 75,000 km2 region, and analyzed bee abundance, species richness, composition, and life‐history traits. Season‐long bee abundance and richness were not detectably different between natural and anthropogenic landscapes, but community phenologies differed strongly, with an early spring peak followed by decline in forests, and a more extended summer season in agricultural and urban habitats. Bee community composition differed significantly between all three land use types, as did phylogenetic composition. Anthropogenic land use had negative effects on the persistence of several life‐history strategies, including early spring flight season and brood parasitism, which may indicate adaptation to conditions in forest habitat. Overall, anthropogenic communities are not diminished subsets of contemporary natural communities. Rather, forest species do not persist in anthropogenic habitats, but are replaced by different native species and phylogenetic lineages preadapted to open habitats. Characterizing compositional and functional differences is crucial for understanding land use as a global change driver across large regional scales.
Different Institutions, Distinctive Trajectories? Revisiting Maritime Industrial Development Areas with Cases on China's Liaoning Coast
Authors: Wang Haizhuang , Chen Tiantian , Ma Huiwen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMaritime industrial development areas (MIDAs) are spatial tools designed to accelerate economic growth in backwards coastal areas and thus alleviate regional disparities, and they have widely expanded in both developed and developing countries over the past sixty years. This paper reviews the global development of MIDAs in different historical periods and compares them with cases on China's Liaoning coast in terms of their structure, location, administration, national political‐economic climate and theoretical justification. The results indicate that although those countries have different institutional environments they seemingly once took the same path in their specific stages of development. However, the experiences of developed countries and other developing ones and the current dilemma of MIDAs in coastal Liaoning together demonstrate that MIDAs cannot achieve the policy targets anticipated by decision makers, especially during the economic transitions of China. This finding cautions backwards countries and their lagging areas, such as northeastern China, that the traditional pattern tried by the first developed countries may not be appropriate when the development tool (e.g., MIDAs) is examined in both the framework of international comparison and the socioeconomic setting of a specific country.
Collaborative care: Using six thinking hats for decision making
Authors: Cioffi Jane Marie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimTo apply six thinking hats technique for decision making in collaborative care.BackgroundIn collaborative partnerships, effective communications need to occur in patient, family, and health care professional meetings. The effectiveness of these meetings depends on the engagement of participants and the quality of the meeting process. The use of six thinking hats technique to engage all participants in effective dialogue is proposed.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesElectronic databases, CINAHL, Pub Med, and Science Direct, were searched for years 1990 to 2017.Implications for nursingUsing six thinking hats technique in patient family meetings nurses can guide a process of dialogue that focuses decision making to build equal care partnerships inclusive of all participants. Nurses will need to develop the skills for using six thinking hats technique and provide support to all participants during the meeting process.ConclusionCollaborative decision making can be augmented by six thinking hat technique to provide patients, families, and health professionals with opportunities to make informed decisions about care that considers key issues for all involved. Nurses who are most often advocates for patients and their families are in a unique position to lead this initiative in meetings as they network with all health professionals.
Scalp hypothermia as a preventative measure for chemotherapy‐induced alopecia: a review of controlled clinical trials
Authors: Shah V.V. , Wikramanayake T.C. , DelCanto G.M. , van den Hurk C. , Wu S. , Lacouture M.E. , Jimenez J.J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChemotherapy‐induced alopecia (CIA) is a temporary, yet psychologically devastating form of hair loss that affects 65% of patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. In the 1970s, scalp hypothermia was introduced as a preventative measure against the development of CIA. Numerous studies provide evidence for the effectiveness of scalp cooling to prevent CIA, although results varied because of differences in chemotherapy regimen, cooling technique, mode of administration and patient factors. However, many of the existing studies are uncontrolled or consist of small sample sizes, and data from randomized, randomized studies are limited. To date, no clear guidelines have been established for optimum scalp cooling use as a treatment modality and its efficacy remain unknown. Nonetheless, scalp cooling remains the most widely utilized method for the prevention of CIA, and in December 2015, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cleared the DigniCap® Scalp Cooling System (Dignitana AB, Sweden) for marketing and the Orbis from Paxman® Coolers Ltd. received clearance in 2017. This literature review is one of the first to provide up‐to‐date review and side‐by‐side comparisons of controlled and randomized clinical trials (CCTs and RCTs) evaluating scalp hypothermia for the prevention of CIA. Our analyses of CCTs and RCTs to date show that scalp hypothermia is effective in reducing the occurrence rate of CIA, by 2.7‐fold in the CCTs and 3.9‐fold in the RCTs. These results suggest that scalp hypothermia represents an effective preventative measure for CIA, and provide guidance for management of anticipated alopecia following chemotherapy and for future investigations.
Evolution of density‐dependent movement during experimental range expansions
Authors: Fronhofer E. A. , Gut S. , Altermatt F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRange expansions and biological invasions are prime examples of transient processes that are likely impacted by rapid evolutionary changes. As a spatial process, range expansions are driven by dispersal and movement behaviour. Although it is widely accepted that dispersal and movement may be context‐dependent, for instance density‐dependent, and best represented by reaction norms, the evolution of density‐dependent movement during range expansions has received little experimental attention. We therefore tested current theory predicting the evolution of increased movement at low densities at range margins using highly replicated and controlled range expansion experiments across multiple genotypes of the protist model system Tetrahymena thermophila. Although rare, we found evolutionary changes during range expansions even in the absence of initial standing genetic variation. Range expansions led to the evolution of negatively density‐dependent movement at range margins. In addition, we report the evolution of increased intrastrain competitive ability and concurrently decreased population growth rates in range cores. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding movement and dispersal as evolving reaction norms and plastic life‐history traits of central relevance for range expansions, biological invasions and the dynamics of spatially structured systems in general.
Grow with the flow: a latitudinal cline in physiology is associated with more variable precipitation inErythranthe cardinalis
Authors: Muir C. D. , Angert A. L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLocal adaptation is commonly observed in nature: organisms perform well in their natal environment, but poorly outside it. Correlations between traits and latitude, or latitudinal clines, are among the most common pieces of evidence for local adaptation, but identifying the traits under selection and the selective agents is challenging. Here, we investigated a latitudinal cline in growth and photosynthesis across 16 populations of the perennial herbErythranthe cardinalis(Phrymaceae). Using machine learning methods, we identify interannual variation in precipitation as a likely selective agent: southern populations from more variable environments had higher photosynthetic rates and grew faster. We hypothesize that selection may favour a more annualized life history – grow now rather than save for next year – in environments where severe droughts occur more often. Thus, our study provides insight into how species may adapt if Mediterranean climates become more variable due to climate change.
Determination of quality properties of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) fillets coated with chitosan‐based edible films
Authors: İzci Levent , Şimşek Olcay 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the study, it was aimed to determine the changes in the quality properties of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) fillets coated with chitosan‐based edible films during cold storage (4 ± 1°C). Before all, skinless fillets of the fish were prepared, divided into three groups as the control group (C), vacuum‐packed (VP) group, and chitosan film‐coated and vacuum‐packed (CF + VP) group, and stored at 4 ± 1°C. As a result of the analyses carried out, it was observed that coating with chitosan‐based edible films limited the development of microorganisms and had a retarding effect on the levels of total volatile basic nitrogen and trimethylamine nitrogen. It was found that the samples of the CF + VP group exceeded the limit values in a longer period than the other groups. As a conclusion, it was determined that the coating of meagre fillets with chitosan‐based edible films extended the shelf life during the cold storage.Practical applicationsSeafoods are quite perishable products besides being quite valuable in terms of nutrients. Therefore, maintaining the quality of seafoods is among the quite important issues. This study revealed that the treatment of coating meagre fillets with chitosan‐based edible films maintained the quality properties, thereby developing the shelf life.
Long‐term liver stiffness assessment in hepatitis C virus patients undergoing antiviral therapy: Results from a 5‐year cohort study
Authors: Facciorusso Antonio , Del Prete Valentina , Turco Antonio , Buccino Rosario Vincenzo , Nacchiero Maurizio Cosimo , Muscatiello Nicola 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground and AimObservational studies showed significant liver stiffness regression after sustained virological response, but long‐term effects of antiviral therapy are still unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of change in stiffness up to 5 years after therapy in hepatitis C patients undergoing antiviral treatment.MethodsData of 153 patients were retrieved. Stiffness was assessed by Fibroscan at baseline, end of treatment, 6 months after treatment, and every year hereafter up to 5 years.ResultsSeventy patients were treated with interferon‐based regimens and 83 with direct antiviral agents. Baseline cirrhosis was diagnosed in 53 (34.6%) patients. Sustained virological response was achieved in 112 patients, whereas 41 were non‐responders. In responders, stiffness decreased from 12.3 kPa (9–17.8) to 6.6 kPa (5.3–7.4) at 5 years. A sharper decline was observed immediately after treatment (−2.5 kPa at the end of treatment and −3.7 kPa at 6 months), while from 1 year onwards, the magnitude of stiffness decrease was progressively lower. In non‐responders, stiffness showed a slight decrease at the end of treatment (from 19.2 to 18.1 kPa), then returned to baseline levels at 6 months (19.4 kPa), and finally increased over time up to 23.7 kPa (15–32.5) at 5 years. The proportion of cirrhotic patients decreased by 50% at 6 months and finally fell < 5% at 4 years after treatment.ConclusionsStiffness declines significantly after achieving response, and the magnitude of decline is greater in the first year after treatment, while it tends to plateau from 1 year onwards.
Healthcare‐Associated Meningitis or Ventriculitis in Older Adults
Authors: Srihawan Chanunya , Habib Onaizah , Salazar Lucrecia , Hasbun Rodrigo 
Published: October 2017

Background/ObjectivesHealthcare‐associated meningitis or ventriculitis (HCAMV) is a serious and life‐threatening complication of invasive neurosurgical procedures or penetrating head trauma. Older adults are at higher risk of adverse outcomes in community‐acquired meningitis but studies of HCAMV are lacking. Therefore, we perform the study to define the differences in clinical outcomes between older and younger adults with HCAMV.DesignRetrospective study.SettingA large tertiary care hospital in Houston, Texas, from July 2003 to November 2014.ParticipantsAdults with a diagnosis of HCAMV (N = 160) aged ≥65 (n = 35), aged 18–64 (n = 125).MeasurementsDemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory results, treatments, and outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale).ResultsOlder adults had more comorbidities and CSF abnormalities [pleocytosis, high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein, low CSF glucose) and were more likely to have altered mental status than younger adults (P < .05). An adverse clinical outcome was seen in 142 participants (89%) (death (n = 18, 11%), persistent vegetative state (n = 26, 16%), severe disability (n = 68, 43%), moderate disability (n = 30, 19%). There was no difference in adverse outcomes between older (97%) and younger (86%) adults (P = .13). On logistic regression analysis, abnormal neurological examination (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 7.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.15–23.63, P = .001) and mechanical ventilation (aOR = 11.03, 95% CI = 1.35–90.51, P = .02) were associated with adverse clinical outcomes.ConclusionOlder adults with HCAMV have more comorbidities and CSF abnormalities and are more likely to have altered mental status than younger adults but have similar high rates of adverse clinical outcomes.
Inappropriate Prescribing in Older Hospitalized Adults: A Comparison of Medical Specialties
Authors: Juliano Ana Carmen dos Santos Ribeiro Simoes , Lucchetti Alessandra Lamas Granero , Silva Jéssica Teixeira Santos da , Santos Letícia Gomes , Nunes Jéssica Borges Taranto , Fernandes Guilherme Cortes , Lucchetti Giancarlo 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence and number of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in hospitalized older adults, comparing prescription patterns of medical specialties.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary general hospital.ParticipantsAll older adults hospitalized from January through May 2015 (N = 1,900).MeasurementsInformation on medications prescribed during the first and last days of hospitalization was collected and evaluated regarding PIMs using Beers and Screening Tool of Older People's Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria. Medical specialties (internal medicine, cardiology, gastroenterology, infectious disease, nephrology, neurology, pneumology) were compared regarding the prevalence of PIMs and the increase in the number of PIMs during hospitalization.ResultsThe number of individuals with PIMs increased significantly according to both criteria (62.3% to 66.6% according to Beers criteria, 43.4% to 50.0% according to STOPP criteria). The most common PIMs were sliding‐scale insulin (26.9%), clonazepam (9.5%), and periciazine (6.4%) using Beers criteria and spironolactone (10.3%), acetylsalicylic acid (9.8%), and periciazine (8.7%) using STOPP criteria. Neurology, infectious disease, and pneumology had the highest numbers of PIMs, and neurology, pneumology, and cardiology had a greater increase in PIMs during hospitalization than the other specialties.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the high and growing prevalence of PIMs in the hospital environment, according to Beers and STOPP criteria. Educational measures and specific pharmaceutical interventions for each specialty are needed to change this situation.
Determinants of a dietary pattern linked with greater metabolic risk and its tracking during adolescence
Authors: Appannah G. , Pot G. K. , Oddy W. H. , Jebb S. A. , Ambrosini G. L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough growing evidence suggests that dietary patterns associated with noncommunicable diseases in adulthood may develop early in life, when these are established, as well as their determinants, remains unclear.MethodsWe examined determinants and tracking of a dietary pattern (DP) associated with metabolic risk and its key food groups among 860 adolescents in the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Cohort study. Food intake was reported using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at 14 and 17 years. Z‐scores for an ‘energy‐dense, high‐fat, low‐fibre’ DP were estimated by applying reduced rank regression at both ages. Tracking was based on the predictive value (PV) of remaining in the DPZ‐score or food intake quartile at 14 and 17 years. Early‐life exposures included: maternal age; maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index; parent smoking status during pregnancy; and parent socio‐economic position (SEP) at 14 and 17 years. Associations between the DPZ‐scores, early‐life factors and SEP were analysed using regression analysis.ResultsDietary tracking was strongest among boys with high DPZ‐scores, high intakes of processed meat, low‐fibre bread, crisps and savoury snacks (PV > 1) and the lowest intakes of vegetables, fruit and legumes. Lower maternal education (β = 0.09, P = 0.002 at 14 years; β = 0.14, P < 0.001 at 17 years) and lower maternal age at birth (β = 0.09, P = 0.003 at 14 years; β = 0.11, P = 0.004 at 17 years) were positively associated with higher DPZ‐scores.ConclusionsAn energy‐dense, high‐fat, low‐fibre dietary pattern tracks more strongly among adolescent boys who have high scores for this pattern at 14 years of age. These findings highlight target foods and population subgroups for early interventions aiming to improve dietary behaviours.
Reliability and validity of the Incontinence Quiz–Turkish version
Authors: Kara Kerime C. , Çıtak Karakaya İlkim , Tunalı Nur , Karakaya Mehmet G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Incontinence Quiz, which was developed by Branch et al. (1994), to assess women's knowledge of and attitudes toward urinary incontinence.MethodsComprehensibility of the Turkish version of the 14‐item Incontinence Quiz, which was prepared following translation–back translation procedures, was tested on a pilot group of eight women, and its internal reliability, test–retest reliability and construct validity were assessed in 150 women who attended the gynecology clinics of three hospitals in İçel, Turkey. Physical and sociodemographic characteristics and presence of incontinence complaints were also recorded. Data were analyzed at the 0.05 alpha level, using SPSS version 22.ResultsThe scale had good reliability and validity. The internal reliability coefficient (Cronbach α) was 0.80, test–retest correlation coefficients were 0.83–0.94; and with regard to construct validity, Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin coefficient was 0.76 and Barlett sphericity test was 562.777 (P = 0.000). Turkish version of the Incontinence Quiz had a four‐factor structure, with Eigenvalues ranging from 1.17 to 4.08.ConclusionsThe Incontinence Quiz–Turkish version is a highly comprehensible, reliable and valid scale, which may be used to assess Turkish‐speaking women's knowledge of and attitudes toward urinary incontinence.
Pre‐Exit Bundling, Turnover of Professionals, and Firm Performance
Authors: Brymer Rhett A. , Sirmon David G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractContext‐emergent turnover theory (CETT) focuses on the contextual factors that influence the turnover‐firm performance relationship, yet to date, has not investigated how particular firms weather the detrimental effects of loss more effectively than others. We build on the CETT literature by theorizing that different human resource bundling strategies are central contextual factors that impact the effects of human resource exit. Specifically, we argue that bundling human resources prior to exit in greater concentrations deflects some harmful effects of turnover. Pre‐exit bundling ensures that remaining professionals post‐exit retain both the capacity necessary to meet job demands and the critical tacit knowledge of firm routines that maintain effectiveness. Our study examines the loss of professionals in a panel of the largest U.S.‐based law firms. We find general support for our theory. Results show that losing professionals when the pre‐exit bundling had produced greater service‐, hiring‐, and geographic‐concentration lessens the negative effects of loss.