bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) to repair a perforated corneal ulcer with iris prolapse in a horse
Authors: Davis A. M. , Riggs C. M. , Chow D. W. Y. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis report describes the use of porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) to repair a full thickness defect in the cornea of a Thoroughbred racehorse. The horse presented with acute keratomalacia of the right eye of 12 h duration that had rapidly progressed to perforation of the cornea with partial iris prolapse. The cornea was surgically debrided with the horse under general anaesthesia and the defect repaired withACell multilayer wound matrix. A temporary tarsorrhaphy was performed. The defect in the cornea was successfully repaired and the horse regained vision in the eye. Four months after surgery the defect was still undergoing remodelling and the area of opacity in the cornea was progressively reducing.
Aspiration pneumonitis (Mendelson's syndrome) as perianaesthetic complication occurring in two horses: A case report
Authors: Monticelli P. , Adami C. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryNo published reports on the occurrence of Mendelson's syndrome (pneumonitis caused by aspiration during anaesthesia) in horses were found in the literature. Although the peculiar anatomy of the equine stomach makes horses less prone than other species to regurgitate, gastric reflux may still occur in horses with colic under certain circumstances. The colic horses in this report had in common stomach impaction, abdominal distention and preanaesthetic placement of a nasogastric tube, which was not withdrawn prior to induction. In both cases, a significant volume of gastric reflux was noted pouring from the endotracheal tube during general anaesthesia for exploratory laparotomy. It was hypothesised that the cause of gastric reflux was the combination of increased intra‐abdominal pressure and patency of the cardia, and that inhalation of gastric content occurred at induction, before tracheal intubation. Treatment, which failed to improve oxygenation, consisted of repositioning of the horses to facilitate passive drainage of gastric content from the airways, active suction through the endotracheal tubes, ventilation strategies, improvement of haemodynamics to increase the pulmonary perfusion, and administration of bronchodilators. One horse was subjected to euthanasia owing to poor prognosis. Aspiration pneumonitis should be regarded as a life‐threatening, although rare, perianaesthetic complication in equine colic cases. Patency of the cardia and increased intra‐abdominal pressure are possible predisposing factors. Partial or even total withdrawal of the nasogastric tube prior to anaesthetic induction and tracheal intubation performed with the horse positioned in sternal recumbency may be undertaken as preventive measures in patients at high risk of developing Mendelson's syndrome.
Renal vein dilation predicts poor outcome in patients with refractory cirrhotic ascites
Authors: Matsumoto Naoki , Ogawa Masahiro , Kumagawa Mariko , Watanabe Yukinobu , Hirayama Midori , Miura Takao , Nakagawara Hiroshi , Matsuoka Shunichi , Moriyama Mitsuhiko , Fujikawa Hirotoshi 
Published: July 2017

AimRenal venous hypertension is known to be associated with worsening of renal function in patients with decompensated heart failure. Intra‐abdominal hypertension including cirrhotic ascites also leads to renal venous hypertension. We aimed to clarify the effect of renal venous hypertension on cirrhotic ascites.MethodsTwo hepatologists measured the left renal vein diameter in 142 consecutive patients with refractory cirrhotic ascites using non‐contrast computed tomography. The renal vein diameter was measured at the renal vein main trunk and upstream of the confluence of collateral veins.ResultsThe inter‐observer agreements were high for the measurements of the left renal vein (r = 0.918, P < 0.001). The median overall survival for patients with renal vein diameter ≥11 mm was less than that for patients with renal vein diameter <11 mm (P < 0.001; 2.5 vs. 32.0 months). One‐year survival rates were 15.3% versus 66.4%. Multivariate analysis revealed renal vein diameter ≥11 mm (hazard ratio, 2.94; P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 1.67–5.20) and a high Model for End‐stage Liver Disease score combined with serum sodium level (MELD‐Na) (hazard ratio, 3.39; P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 2.00–5.74) were significant independent predictors of mortality.ConclusionsRenal vein dilation is a risk factor of mortality in patients with refractory cirrhotic ascites, independent of the MELD‐Na score.
Effects of mesiodens on adjacent permanent teeth: a retrospective study in Korean children based on cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Kim Yuhyun , Jeong Taesung , Kim Jiyeon , Shin Jonghyun , Kim Shin 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundMesiodens can be associated with several complications. The optimal age for treatment, however, remains controversial.AimTo investigate the three‐dimensional (3D) positions of mesiodens using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and determine the association of eruption‐related complications of mesiodens with these 3D positions and delayed development of the central incisors.DesignIn total, 293 Korean children (383 supernumerary teeth) aged 4–10 years with no history of orthodontic treatment were included. CBCT and panoramic radiography data for all patients were retrospectively investigated with regard to the 3D positions of mesiodens, apical maturity of the permanent first molars, delayed development of the central incisors relative to the apical maturity of the permanent first molars (Nolla's stage), and eruption‐related complications of mesiodens.ResultsEruption‐related complications were not correlated with any 3D characteristic other than the ‘within the arch’ position of mesiodens, while they showed a significant correlation with delayed development of the central incisors (P < 0.05).ConclusionsMesiodens caused eruption‐related complications in 33.7% patients. Moreover, the risk of these complications was higher when mesiodens caused delayed development of the central incisors. These findings can aid clinicians in planning appropriate and timely treatment for mesiodens, with focus on minimising patient discomfort.
Infection with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during the first wave of the 2009 pandemic: Evidence from a longitudinal seroepidemiologic study in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Nasreen Sharifa , Rahman Mustafizur , Hancock Kathy , Katz Jacqueline M. , Goswami Doli , Sturm‐Ramirez Katharine , Holiday Crystal , Jefferson Stacie , Branch Alicia , Wang David , Veguilla Vic , Widdowson Marc‐Alain , Fry Alicia M. , Brooks W. Abdullah 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundWe determined influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 antibody levels before and after the first wave of the pandemic in an urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh.MethodsWe identified a cohort of households by stratified random sampling. We collected baseline serum specimens during July‐August 2009, just prior to the initial wave of the 2009 pandemic in this community and a second specimen during November 2009, after the pandemic peak. Paired sera were tested for antibodies against A(H1N1)pdm09 virus using microneutralization assay and hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) assay. A fourfold increase in antibody titer by either assay with a titer of ≥40 in the convalescent sera was considered a seroconversion. At baseline, an HI titer of ≥40 was considered seropositive. We collected information on clinical illness from weekly home visits.ResultsWe tested 779 paired sera from the participants. At baseline, before the pandemic wave, 1% overall and 3% of persons >60 years old were seropositive. After the first wave of the pandemic, 211 (27%) individuals seroconverted against A(H1N1)pdm09. Children aged 5‐17 years had the highest proportion (37%) of seroconversion. Among 264 (34%) persons with information on clinical illness, 191 (72%) had illness >3 weeks prior to collection of the follow‐up sera and 73 (38%) seroconverted. Sixteen (22%) of these 73 seroconverted participants reported no clinical illness.ConclusionAfter the first pandemic wave in Dhaka, one in four persons were infected by A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and the highest burden of infection was among the school‐aged children. Seroprevalence studies supplement traditional surveillance systems to estimate infection burden.
A simple synthesis of the refractory ceramic sulfide CeS by electron beam irradiation
Authors: Panetta Riccardo , Latini Alessandro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA new, relatively fast and simple synthesis of the refractory sulfide CeS using electron beam irradiation has been developed. Differently from the most common procedures involving highly reactive and/or toxic precursors such as cerium hydride and carbon disulfide, the approach here presented is based on the electron beam irradiation of pellets composed of a mixture of cerium sesquisulfide, cerium dioxide and graphite powders, i.e., nontoxic and nonreactive materials in ambient conditions that do not need any special caution during their use. CeS with a purity ≥98 wt% has been obtained, being Ce2O2S the impurity and whose amount can be lowered by annealing on a graphite surface.
Defective Y2O3−x–driven anomalous photocatalytic enhancement using Y2O3−x–TiO2−x nanorod composite composition spreads
Authors: Rosell Neon Vicente Bacarro , Chen Yen‐Ting , Chang Kao‐Shuo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSynergistic photocatalysis is reported, using the optimal amounts of oxygen vacancies of high‐k materials and nanoarchitecture maneuvering by employing a combinatorial sputtering approach. The highlights include (i) the successful fabrication of samples using combinatorial sputtering; (ii) a systematic investigation of the coupling effect between Y2O3−x and TiO2−x; (iii) elucidating charge carrier transport through current‐voltage (I‐V) and capacitance‐voltage (C‐V) characterizations; and (iv) providing an alternative application for high‐dielectric constant (high‐k) materials in photocatalysis. The simple yet effective composition spread technique rapidly determined that Sample 6 (4 at% Y2O3−x‐96 at% TiO2−x, TiO2−x‐rich on the Y2O3−x–TiO2−x nanorod composite composition spread) exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency (i.e., approximately 3.4 times and 1.4 times higher than that of P25 and pure TiO2−x nanorods, respectively). The predominant factor was determined to be electron migration along defective Y2O3−x nanorods to the sample surface. The extracted mobility was discovered to be an order of magnitude greater than that of pure TiO2−x. The photoelectrochemical stability and reusability were also demonstrated.
Contrasting patterns of X‐chromosome divergence underlie multiple sex‐ratio polymorphisms in stalk‐eyed flies
Authors: Paczolt K. A. , Reinhardt J. A. , Wilkinson G. S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSex‐linked segregation distorters cause offspring sex ratios to differ from equality. Theory predicts that such selfish alleles may either go to fixation and cause extinction, reach a stable polymorphism or initiate an evolutionary arms race with genetic modifiers. The extent to which a sex ratio distorter follows any of these trajectories in nature is poorly known. Here, we used X‐linked sequence and simple tandem repeat data for three sympatric species of stalk‐eyed flies (Teleopsis whitei and two cryptic species of T. dalmanni) to infer the evolution of distorting X chromosomes. By screening large numbers of field and recently laboratory‐bred flies, we found no evidence of males with strongly female‐biased sex ratio phenotypes (SR) in one species but high frequencies of SR males in the other two species. In the two species with SR males, we find contrasting patterns of X‐chromosome evolution. T. dalmanni‐1 shows chromosome‐wide differences between sex‐ratio (XSR) and standard (XST) X chromosomes consistent with a relatively old sex‐ratio haplotype based on evidence including genetic divergence, an inversion polymorphism and reduced recombination among XSR chromosomes relative to XST chromosomes. In contrast, we found no evidence of genetic divergence on the X between males with female‐biased and nonbiased sex ratios in T. whitei. Taken with previous studies that found evidence of genetic suppression of sex ratio distortion in this clade, our results illustrate that sex ratio modification in these flies is undergoing recurrent evolution with diverse genomic consequences.
Novel ex vivo training model for freehand insertion using a double‐bending peroral direct cholangioscope
Authors: Naito Sakiko Tsukamoto , Itoi Takao , Yamamoto Kenjiro , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Tsuji Shujiro , Tanaka Reina , Honjo Mitsuyoshi , Mukai Shuntaro , Matsunami Yukitoshi , Asai Yasutsugu , Nagakawa Yuichi , Ikeuchi Nobuhito , Sofuni Atsushi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and AimSeveral experts of direct peroral videocholangioscopy (D‐PVCS) using a conventional ultraslim endoscope have reported its usefulness for the diagnosis and therapy of biliary tract diseases. We have additionally developed a dedicated double‐bending D‐PVCS technique for freehand scope insertion. In this study, we developed an ex vivo training model for the freehand double‐bending D‐PVCS technique and compared it with the technique using a conventional ultraslim endoscope.MethodsThe ex vivo model was made for training using a U‐shape insertion pattern. A third prototype endoscope and an ultraslim upper gastrointestinal endoscope were used. Two experts and nine non‐experts performed D‐PVCS using the freehand technique.ResultsThe two experts could not advance the tip of the endoscope to the hilar portion using the freehand technique, but they could achieve technical successful insertion to the hilar portion with the third prototype cholangioscope using the freehand technique alone. The non‐experts could not advance the tip of the endoscope to the bile duct using the freehand technique. On the other hand, two (22.2%) non‐experts could advance the tip of the third prototype cholangioscope using the freehand technique before the training conducted by the experts. After the training, all the non‐experts could advance the tip of the third prototype cholangioscope to the hilar portion.ConclusionsThe novel ex vivo model using a third prototype cholangioscope was useful for training in the use of the freehand D‐PVCS technique.
Intussusception in celiac disease: Is it a common feature in children?
Authors: Borkar Vibhor V , Poddar Ujjal , Thakral Anuj , Agarwal Jaya , Srivastava Anshu , Yachha Surender Kumar , Kumar Sheo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThere are sporadic reports of occurrence of intussusception in celiac disease (CD) but no systematic study yet. We prospectively studied the prevalence and natural history of intussusception in newly diagnosed CD.MethodsFrom January 2010 to October 2013, 150 children, diagnosed to have CD on the basis of positive serology and duodenal biopsy, were recruited in this study. Abdominal ultrasonography was carried out before starting gluten‐free diet (GFD) and repeated in those who had intussusception, on day 3 and then weekly till the resolution of intussusception.ResultsThe median age was 72 (range, 16–204) months, and 79 (53%) were boys. Diarrhea was the presenting symptom in 119 (79%) cases. A total of 45 intussusceptions were detected in 37 (25%) children. Out of 45 intussusceptions, 95% involved small bowel. All but one had asymptomatic intussusception. On GFD, intussusception resolved spontaneously within 7 days in 65%, within 14 days in 84%, and within 28 days in 92% of cases, and none required surgical or hydrostatic reduction. On univariate analysis, younger age, low weight z score, presentation with diarrhea, abdominal distension, rickets, lower serum albumin, more severe villous atrophy, and refeeding syndrome were more common in children with intussusception. On multivariate analysis, abdominal distension and hypoalbuminemia were found to be significantly associated with intussusception.ConclusionsIntussusception is frequently (25%) seen in children with newly diagnosed CD, generally asymptomatic and resolves spontaneously on GFD. It is often associated with more severe disease. Children with CD and intussusception should not be subjected to surgical/radiological intervention.
Presidential Address: The Scientific Outlook in Financial Economics
Authors: HARVEY CAMPBELL R. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTGiven the competition for top journal space, there is an incentive to produce “significant” results. With the combination of unreported tests, lack of adjustment for multiple tests, and direct and indirect p‐hacking, many of the results being published will fail to hold up in the future. In addition, there are basic issues with the interpretation of statistical significance. Increasing thresholds may be necessary, but still may not be sufficient: if the effect being studied is rare, even t > 3 will produce a large number of false positives. Here I explore the meaning and limitations of a p‐value. I offer a simple alternative (the minimum Bayes factor). I present guidelines for a robust, transparent research culture in financial economics. Finally, I offer some thoughts on the importance of risk‐taking (from the perspective of authors and editors) to advance our field.SUMMARY
Empirical research in financial economics relies too much on p‐values, which are poorly understood in the first place.
Journals want to publish papers with positive results and this incentivizes researchers to engage in data mining and “p‐hacking.”
The outcome will likely be an embarrassing number of false positives—effects that will not be repeated in the future.
The minimum Bayes factor (which is a function of the p‐value) combined with prior odds provides a simple solution that can be reported alongside the usual p‐value.
The Bayesianized p‐value answers the question: What is the probability that the null is true?
The same technique can be used to answer: What threshold of t‐statistic do I need so that there is only a 5% chance that the null is true?
The threshold depends on the economic plausibility of the hypothesis.
Incidence, predictive factors and impacts of acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients hospitalized for cellulitis
Authors: Garcia Garcia de Paredes Ana , Tellez Luis , Rodriguez‐Gandia Miguel Angel , Martinez Javier , Rodriguez de Santiago Enrique , Aguilera Castro Lara , Gea Francisco , Albillos Agustín 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsCellulitis is a common infection in patients with cirrhosis but its impact on progression of liver disease has been hardly addressed. This study examines the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), predictive factors and its impacts on mortality in cirrhotic patients hospitalized for cellulitis.MethodsRetrospective data from cirrhotic patients hospitalized for cellulitis over the period January 2006 to September 2015 were analysed. AKI was defined according to revised criteria of the International Club of Ascites.ResultsA total of 101 episodes of cellulitis were examined (70.3% men; mean age 60.6 ± 13.6 years). Of patients, 27% met criteria for acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) (grade 1: 63%; grade 2: 22%; grade 3: 15%). AKI was recorded in 50.5% (type 1: 67%; type 2: 19%; type 3: 14%). AKI was present on admission in 21 of the 51 patients (41%) who developed it. In the remaining 30 patients (59%), AKI appeared during hospitalization and its development was associated with a MELD score >14 (70% vs 30%, P=.024). In‐hospital mortality was 10% and all patients who died had AKI. A high MELD score on admission, AKI and ACLF were associated with in‐hospital mortality (P<.05). One‐month transplant‐free survival was 84% (70% vs 98% in patients with and without AKI, P=.001).ConclusionsIn cirrhotic patients, cellulitis is a serious infection that often leads to AKI and ACLF. AKI is a strong predictor of mortality in this setting.
Coordinating Supply Chains via Advance‐Order Discounts, Minimum Order Quantities, and Delegations
Authors: Chintapalli Prashant , Disney Stephen M. , Tang Christopher S. 
Published: July 2017

To avoid inventory risks, manufacturers often place rush orders with suppliers only after they receive firm orders from their customers (retailers). Rush orders are costly to both parties because the supplier incurs higher production costs. We consider a situation where the supplier's production cost is reduced if the manufacturer can place some of its order in advance. In addition to the rush order contract with a pre‐established price, we examine whether the supplier should offer advance‐order discounts to encourage the manufacturer to place a portion of its order in advance, even though the manufacturer incurs some inventory risk. While the advance‐order discount contract is Pareto‐improving, our analysis shows that the discount contract cannot coordinate the supply chain. However, if the supplier imposes a pre‐specified minimum order quantity requirement as a qualifier for the manufacturer to receive the advance‐order discount, then such a combined contract can coordinate the supply chain. Furthermore, the combined contract enables the supplier to attain the first‐best solution. We also explore a delegation contract that either party could propose. Under this contract, the manufacturer delegates the ordering and salvaging activities to the supplier in return for a discounted price on all units procured. We find the delegation contract coordinates the supply chain and is Pareto‐improving. We extend our analysis to a setting where the suppliers capacity is limited for advance production but unlimited for rush orders. Our structural results obtained for the one‐supplier‐one‐manufacturer case continue to hold when we have two manufacturers.
Comparative analysis of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum populations associated with banana on a farm in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Deltour P. , França S. C. , Heyman L. , Pereira O. L. , Höfte M. 
Published: July 2017

Fusarium wilt is one of the most devastating diseases on banana. The causal agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is genetically diverse and its origin and virulence are poorly understood. In this study, pathogenic Foc isolates and nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates from Minas Gerais in Brazil were compared using EF‐1α and IGS sequences. This allowed the examination of the origin and evolutionary potential of Foc in a country outside the region of origin of the banana plant. Two different sequence types were found among Foc isolates. One appeared to be of local origin because it was identical to the sequence type of the largest group of nonpathogenic isolates. To explore if the ‘local’ Foc isolates had acquired pathogenicity either independently through coevolution with the host, or through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of pathogenicity genes from other, probably introduced, Foc isolates, the presence and sequence of putative SIX effector genes were analysed. Homologues of SIX1, SIX3 and SIX8 were found. SIX1 sequences were identical and exclusively found in all pathogenic isolates, while variable ratios of sequences of multicopy gene SIX8 were found among nonpathogenic and different pathogenic isolates. This observation supports the HGT hypothesis. Horizontal transfer of genes between isolates of F. oxysporum has important implications for the development of reliable diagnostic tools and effective control measures. Full genome sequencing is required to confirm HGT and to further unravel the virulence mechanisms of forma specialis cubense.