bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method for Monitoring Mud Contamination in Wireline-Formation-Tester Sampling
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 175116, “Effective Method for Monitoring Oil-Based-Mud Contamination in Wireline-Formation-Tester Sampling,” by W. Pineda, BP; F. Gozalpour, formerly BP; and Mehdi Hagshenas, BP, prepared for the 2015 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, 28–30 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The wireline formation tester (WFT) is a well-developed technology used to collect representative downhole fluid samples. Collecting low-contamination downhole samples in wells drilled with miscible oil-based mud (OBM) is challenging because the process must balance the need to acquire a sample with the desired level of contamination while using the minimum rig time.
The authors introduce a simple but effective method for monitoring WFT sampling when targeting the low levels of contamination needed for asphaltene-onset-pressure analysis.
Introduction
Flow-assurance problems caused by asphaltene deposition are common reasons for lost and deferred production in Gulf of Mexico Miocene reservoirs. High-quality samples are needed to measure the asphaltene-onset pressure and manage related flow-assurance problems. The asphaltene-onset pressure varies with the level of OBM contamination. The rise of asphaltene-related flow-assurance issues encourages operators to acquire high-quality downhole samples with the lowest possible OBM contamination.
To reduce OBM contamination, operators have to pump out fluid from the formation to the borehole before filling the samples at the desired OBM-contamination level. There is not a standard procedure to determine a sample’s contamination level during the pumpout. Engineers sometimes rely on empirical evidence and previous experience to determine contamination levels. This study introduces a practical method to estimate the contamination level from real-time fluid-analyzer data. A discussion of methods used to predict contamination is provided in the complete paper.
Conventional and Focused Probes
The most-common probes used for downhole sampling in the oil industry are conventional and focused probes. Conventional probes have a single inlet to take formation fluid; the inlet is surrounded by a sealing material to isolate formation fluids from the wellbore mud column. Focused probes are available from several service companies. These probes can use a hydraulic ring inlet (guard) surrounding the probe inlet (sample) to create a barrier between the probe and the borehole fluid. The guard and sample are connected to separate hydraulic systems that allow controlling the pump rates to maintain the pressure in the guard at or slightly below the pressure in the sample. By doing this, most of the fluid drawn into the sample will be uncontaminated fluid. After the cleanout pumping, fluid from the sample inlet will be used to fill the tanks.
A New Approach for Optimization of Long-Horizontal-Well Performance
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 18372, “A New Approach for Optimization of Long-Horizontal-Well Performances,” by Abdullah Al Qahtani, Hasan Al Hashim, and Hasan Al Yousef, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, prepared for the 2015 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Doha, Qatar, 7–9 December. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2015 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
Initially, it was believed that a horizontal well should be drilled with as much length as possible. However, field experience and flowmeter surveys in long horizontal drainholes revealed that the frictional pressure loss in the wellbore is an important factor hindering the full use of the entire length of the horizontal well. This paper presents a new approach to maximize the use of the full length of long horizontal drainholes.
Introduction
Horizontal-well drilling allowed the drilling of different well architectures and made it possible to offset well costs and productivity limitations. Intuitively, drilling longer wells will maximize exposure to the producing formation and yield higher flow capacity. Paradoxically, however, some wells were drilled longer than the optimal horizontal-section length and the extra length did not yield additional flow. Therefore, it is important to determine the optimal horizontal-section length that would achieve flow contribution along the whole section.
Experience has revealed that long horizontal wells suffer from frictional pressure losses. This fact is exacerbated in the presence of highly productive formations; these would require low pressure drawdowns that may well be similar to the frictional pressure losses, which would therefore hinder wellbore flow ingress. Thus, some horizontal wells are equipped with downhole flow-choke systems to optimize well productivity.
Finite-Conductivity Horizontal Wells
Horizontal wells are initially deemed to be infinite-conductivity wellbores; this thesis was made on the basis of the fact that the magnitude of the pressure drop in the wellbore is negligible. Practically speaking, however, production data proved otherwise; frictional pressure losses in horizontal wellbores hinder flow influx to different degrees along the horizontal section. This issue is of great importance under conditions in which the magnitude of the pressure drop in the wellbore is small when compared with the magnitude of the pressure drop in the reservoir. Therefore, given the fact that horizontal wells are often proposed and justified on the premise that high production rates can be obtained by small reservoir pressure drops, and the fact that flow developed at reasonably high production rates should cause increased wellbore pressure losses, the use of the infinite-conductivity assumption for horizontal wells may not be valid.
Unconventional Risk and Uncertainty: What Does Success Look Like?
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 179996, “Unconventional Risk and Uncertainty: Show Me What Success Looks Like,” by David S. Fulford, Apache, prepared for the 2016 SPE/IAEE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium, Houston, 17–18 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
This paper presents approaches for proper risking of uncertain recoverable volumes for an unconventional resource, taking into account the chance of false positives from appraisal-well information. A subjective risk tolerance can be included to respect how aggressive or conservative a company may be in pursuit of a project. A method of recasting production profiles is demonstrated as an improvement over the common method of scaling, or factoring, the initial production rate.
Introduction
Onshore unconventional liquids-shale and gas-shale plays are often referred to as “continuous accumulations” or “resource plays.” The characterization of perceived geologic continuity frames perception of these plays as having little to no risk, to the point that “well manufacturing” is a noncontroversial term used to refer to development of these assets. Exploration-and-production companies often tout a “type well” as an indication of the viability of their assets. However, a type well, by definition, represents the mean of a population of wells. Not all individual wells must be commercial in order for the mean well to be commercial.
The well population is something that cannot be predicted, but only estimated. This implies uncertainty. However, the argument that there is risk remains to be made. Regardless of the cause of this no-risk assumption, the tools exist to address uncertainty. Empirical modeling must follow from first principles. This applies not only to the evaluation of individual wells to determine their ultimate recovery but also to the statistical models built to judge the economic value of drilled wells.
In the analysis of small sample sizes (and assuming independent and identically distributed samples), the variance is always overestimated. The cause of this phenomenon lies within the roots of regression analysis—or, more accurately, in the assumptions made during the application of regression analysis.
The Cross-Sectional Area of Paraspinal Muscles Predicts the Efficacy of Deep Brain Stimulation for Camptocormia
Authors: Sakai Waka , Nakane Shunya , Urasaki Eiichirou , Toyoda Keisuke , Sadakata Eisaku , Nagaishi Akiko , Fukudome Takayasu , Yamakawa Yuzo , Matsuo Hidenori 
Published: January 2017

Background: Camptocormia, a disturbance of posture, is a well-described clinical feature of PD and other parkinsonian syndromes. Previous reports have shown that DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus internus is effective in treating camptocormia. However, the efficacy of DBS for camptocormia varies. Objective: To determine a clinical marker for selecting an appropriate therapy for camptocormia, a disabling manifestation of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that has a variable response to systemic and local therapies. Methods: We obtained pre-operative lumbar magnetic resonance imaging of 14 consecutive PD patients with camptocormia who underwent subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in this retrospective-designed study. Lumbar MRI was performed three to six months prior to the operation. We measured the cross-sectional area (CSA) and width of each participant’s paraspinal muscles. Results: Four (28.6%) patients were effective (EF), five (35.7%) were partially effective (PE), and five (35.7%) were non-effective (NE) to STN-DBS. The lumbar paraspinal CSA and width were significantly larger in the EF group than in the PE and NE groups. Conclusions: The CSA of paraspinal muscles and erector spinae width can be good predictive markers for improving camptocormia in patients with PD after deep brain stimulation.
Objective Colonic Dysfunction is Far more Prevalent than Subjective Constipation in Parkinson’s Disease: A Colon Transit and Volume Study
Authors: Knudsen Karoline , Fedorova Tatyana D. , Bekker Anne C. , Iversen Peter , Østergaard Karen , Krogh Klaus , Borghammer Per 
Published: January 2017

Background: Gastrointestinal function has received increased interest in the context of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Constipation is among the most frequent non-motor symptoms, but our understanding of the underlying pathology is limited. Subjective constipation correlates poorly with objective markers. Objective: The aims were to evaluate colonic transit time and volume in PD and to correlate these measures with subjective symptoms and gastric emptying. Methods: Thirty-two PD patients and 26 controls were included. Colonic transit time, computed tomography-based volume estimation, and gastric emptying were performed as objective markers of gastrointestinal function. Subjective gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated by three different questionnaires. Results: Seventy-nine percent of PD patients displayed prolonged colonic transit time ( p < 0.0001) and 66% of patients had significantly increased colonic volume ( p = 0.0002). Particularly the transverse and rectosigmoid segments were affected. There was no difference in gastric emptying time between groups. The prevalence of subjective constipation in PD patients was significantly lower and ranged from 3% to 38% depending on the type of questionnaire. Conclusions: Significantly delayed colonic transit time and increased volume were frequent findings in PD patients, and objective dysfunction was considerably more prevalent than subjective constipation symptoms. Also, the prevalence of subjective constipation varied widely depending upon which questionnaire was employed. These findings highlight the need for more research on how to define constipation in PD and also the need for improved understanding of the relationship between subjective symptoms and objective dysfunction.
Le piégeage lumineux, moyen d'approche de la faune entomologique d'un grand fleuve (Ephéméroptères, en particulier)
Authors: Fontaine Josette 
Published: January 2017

Trois types de pièges lumineux, utilisés en particulier pour l'étude des Ephéméroptères, sont décrits. Tous sont équipés d'une lampe émettant des radiations ultra¬ violettes et visibles, d'un dispositif servant à canaliser les insectes attirés vers une chambre de capture contenant un bac à eau servant à récupérer les pontes éventuelles des femelles.
La température de l'eau et de l'air, la vitesse et la direction du vent, l'hygrométrie et la pression barométrique sont enregistrées afin de permettre l'interprétation des résultats, très influencés par les conditions météorologiques.
Une campagne de piègeage a été particulièrement menée sur le Rhône à Lyon, depuis 1958 jusqu'à nos jours. Les résultats en cours de dépouillement montrent que le piègeage lumineux est une méthode intéressante d'approche de la faune entomologique d'un grand fleuve.
Years of Experience as a Predictor of Nurse Faculty Technology Use
Authors: Kotcherlakota Suhasini , Kupzyk Kevin A. , Rejda Patrick 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Many nurse educators are reluctant toward technology changes and view it as a burden. An emerging crisis factor among nursing colleges is the average age of faculty members being older than 51 years. The purpose of this study is to describe nurse faculty preferences about the use of technologies and to examine relationships between their preferences and years of experience.

Method:
One hundred eighteen faculty members from a midwestern U.S. nursing college participated in national studies on faculty technology use across 2 years.

Results:
The study results indicated negative relationships between years of faculty experience and attitudes toward the value of obtaining increased skills for technology integration within the curriculum. Newer faculty were more likely than experienced faculty to have positive attitudes for increased technology use and adoption.

Conclusion:

Providing faculty with opportunities to foster innovative integration of technology is encouraged. Future research is needed to explore links between faculty experience, age, and attitudes toward technology adoption. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(2):115–119.]
Normative Data for the NeuroCom Sensory Organization Test in US Military Special Operations Forces
Authors: Pletcher Erin R. , Williams Valerie J. , Abt John P. , Morgan Paul M. , Parr Jeffrey J. , Wohleber Meleesa F. , Lovalekar Mita , Sell Timothy C. 
Published: January 2017

Context:
Postural stability is the ability to control the center of mass in relation to a person's base of support and can be affected by both musculoskeletal injury and traumatic brain injury. The NeuroCom Sensory Organization Test (SOT) can be used to objectively quantify impairments to postural stability. The ability of postural stability to predict injury and be used as an acute injury-evaluation tool makes it essential to the screening and rehabilitation process. To our knowledge, no published normative data for the SOT from a healthy, highly active population are available for use as a reference for clinical decision making.

Objective:
To present a normative database of SOT scores from a US Military Special Operations population that can be used for future comparison.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Human performance research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 542 active military operators from Naval Special Warfare Combatant-Craft Crewmen (n = 149), Naval Special Warfare Command, Sea, Air, and Land (n = 101), US Army Special Operations Command (n = 171), and Air Force Special Operations Command (n = 121).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Participants performed each of the 6 SOT conditions 3 times. Scores for each condition, total equilibrium composite score, and ratio scores for the somatosensory, visual, and vestibular systems were recorded.

Results:
Differences were present across all groups for SOT conditions 1 (P &lt; .001), 2 (P = .001), 4 (P &gt; .001), 5 (P &gt; .001), and 6 (P = .001) and total equilibrium composite (P = .000), visual (P &gt; .001), vestibular (P = .002), and preference (P &gt; .001) NeuroCom scores.

Conclusions:
Statistical differences were evident in the distribution of postural stability across US Special Operations Forces personnel. This normative database for postural stability, as assessed by the NeuroCom SOT, can provide context when clinicians assess a Special Operations Forces population or any other groups that maintain a high level of conditioning and training.
Perfil da dor em pacientes com síndrome do manguito rotador
Authors: Dias Daniela , Rodrigues Eder Pereira , Sena Eduardo Pondé de , Gomes Neto Mansueto 
Published: January 2017

<p><strong>Introdução</strong>: a dor no ombro é um problema musculo-esquelético comum. Estudos apontam uma prevalência estimada de 14 a 21% na população geral. Dados do Instituto Nacional de Seguridade Social (INSS) mostram a concessão de 202.832 benefícios por incapacidade relacionados a problemas do ombro. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o perfil da dor no ombro em pacientes com síndrome do manguito rotador. <strong>Metodologia</strong>: estudo transversal, descritivo, com base em dados colhidos de prontuários clínicos de 103 pacientes atendidos em uma clínica privada de fisioterapia na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, no período de maio de 2006 a maio de 2007. <strong>Resultado</strong>: do total dos 103 pacientes estudados com lesão do manguito rotador no ombro, 71% dos pacientes foram do sexo feminino. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 49,2<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>15 anos. A intensidade da dor foi mensurada através da escala visual analógica (EVA) e teve média de dor de 6,2 ± 2,2, dos quais 50,5 % dos pacientes cursaram com dor no ombro durante seis meses ou mais. <strong>Conclusão</strong>: pacientes com lesões do manguito rotador apresentam dor moderada principalmente no ombro dominante.</p><p> </p>
Strength‐limiting mechanisms in high‐confinement brittle‐like failure: Adiabatic transformational faulting
Authors: Renshaw Carl E. , Schulson Erland M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBrittle‐like failure under high confinement impacts many geophysical phenomena, including earthquakes at depths beyond a few tens of kilometers. We reanalyze recent observations of high‐confinement brittle‐like failure of nominally thermodynamically stable ice and antigorite and show that the brittle‐like failure only occurs when the strain rate within an incipient adiabatic instability accelerates to the point that the attendant increase in localized temperature approaches a phase transition temperature, initiating transformational faulting. We test a closed‐form model for this process based on independently measureable parameters by comparing model predictions to observations of brittle‐like failure of ice and antigorite under high confinement. Model results do not constrain the mechanism of transformational faulting. However, the similarity of brittle‐like failure characteristics across a variety of geologic materials suggests a similarity of process. We propose that localized heating due to an adiabatic instability initiates dynamic recrystallization near the phase transformational temperature. Transformational superplasticity during recrystallization concentrates plastic strain ahead of the transformed region, causing dynamic recrystallization there and propagating slip in an autocatalytic manner. The newly recrystallized grains rapidly harden as strain accumulates, limiting the stress drop. As the recrystallized grains harden and the stress increases, localized heating reinitiates the adiabatic instability in the still warm region, concentrating plastic strain due to thermal softening and initiating another wave of dynamic recrystallization and partial stress drop. This process, termed adiabatic transformational faulting, could explain how deep earthquakes can propagate beyond the metastable wedge since the propagation of slip is due to dynamic recrystallization rather than to the primary phase transformation.
Chromate Binding and Removal by the Molybdate‐Binding Protein ModA
Authors: Karpus Jason , Bosscher Michael , Ajiboye Ifedayo , Zhang Liang , He Chuan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEffective and cheap methods and techniques for the safe removal of hexavalent chromate from the environment are in increasingly high demand. High concentrations of hexavalent chromate have been shown to have numerous harmful effects on human biology. We show that the E. coli molybdate‐binding protein ModA is a genetically encoded tool capable of removing chromate from aqueous solutions. Although previously reported to not bind chromate, we show that ModA binds chromate tightly and is capable of removing chromate to levels well below current US federal standards.
Intermetallic Compounds as Potential Alternatives to Noble Metals in Heterogeneous Catalysis: The Partial Hydrogenation of Butadiene on γ‐Al4Cu9(1 1 0)
Authors: Piccolo Laurent , Kibis Lidiya , De Weerd Marie‐Cécile , Gaudry Emilie , Ledieu Julian , Fournée Vincent 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRecently, non‐noble intermetallic compounds have shown promising catalytic performances in the partial hydrogenation of alkynes and alkenes. In this work, the properties of γ‐Al4Cu9(1 1 0) toward the gas‐phase hydrogenation of butadiene were investigated at total pressures of 2–20 mbar and temperatures of 110–180 °C. The model catalyst is active and 100 % selective to butenes. Moreover, although less active than Al13Fe4(0 1 0), which was evaluated previously for the same reaction, it is more selective and more stable. The combination of catalytic tests with pre‐ and postreaction Auger electron spectroscopy measurements and comparative tests with Cu(1 1 0) shows that Cu governs the reaction on γ‐Al4Cu9(1 1 0). However, the lower activity of the (more Cu‐rich) sputtered Al4Cu9 surface with respect to the annealed one and the differences between Al4Cu9 and Cu surfaces in terms of butene isomer distribution, butene conversion kinetics, and sensitivity to poisons, demonstrate the unique character of the intermetallic compound.
Renewable Surfactants through the Hydroaminomethylation of Terpenes
Authors: Faßbach Thiemo A. , Gaide Tom , Terhorst Michael , Behr Arno , Vorholt Andreas J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA catalytic system was developed to enable the use of industrially available terpenes (e.g., β‐myrcene, β‐farnesene) in hydroaminomethylation to obtain renewable building blocks for surfactants in two steps. This homogeneously catalyzed tandem reaction includes both hydroformylation and enamine condensation steps, followed by hydrogenation. Under the optimized conditions, the Rh/1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane catalytic system delivers products in high yields (70 %) after short reaction times (3 h) with unprecedentedly high turnover frequency (TOF) values for the hydroformylation of 1,3‐dienes of over 739 mol mol−1 h−1. This is the highest TOF reported to date for the hydroformylation of a 1,3‐diene. Furthermore, regioselectivities of 97 % and above were observed in the hydroformylation step, which is extraordinarily high for the conversion of 1,3‐dienes. The terpene‐derived amines obtained were further functionalized to quaternary ammonium compounds that were found to show surface activity quite similar to that of industrially available quaternary ammonium compounds. The hydroaminomethylation of terpenes achieves higher step efficiency than industrial means and makes use of an alternative, renewable feedstock to synthesize more environmentally friendly surfactants.