bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Private Sector and the SDGs: The Need to Move Beyond ‘Business as Usual’
Authors: Scheyvens Regina , Banks Glenn , Hughes Emma 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn September 2015, world leaders gathered in New York to endorse the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Ban Ki‐moon asserts that the SDGs signal a ‘paradigm shift for people and the planet’ (UN : para. 24). Significantly, under this new agenda there are expectations that businesses, government and civil society actors will be equally responsible for progressing a more sustainable path forward. Many assert that the private sector has particular strengths to bring to bear in delivering on the SDGs, including innovation, responsiveness, efficiency and provision of specific skills and resources. Interestingly, the business sector had a strong role in influencing development of the SDGs. In this paper we discuss the challenge being put forth to business actors by the SDGs, reflecting on both the potential for more sustainable and responsible practices and on the limits to change. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Aligning Corporate Social Responsibility with Green Economy Development Pathways in Developing Countries
Authors: Shah Kalim U. , Arjoon Surendra , Rambocas Meena 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) can be conceptualized as a mechanism through which private sector investment aligns with and shapes sustainable development. In recent years the new economic paradigm of the green economy has been adopted by many developing countries and forwarded by governments and multilateral institutions. It is in this burgeoning socio‐economic context that firms will practice their CSR. In this study, we explore the determinants of such CSR in a green economy by using structural equation modeling techniques to analyze empirical data collected from five Caribbean countries already on the green economy pathway. We find that firm level environmental policies and to a lesser extent relationships with external stakeholder networks are the main determinants of CSR in the green economy. Firms’ environmental practices and internal practices also influence CSR, but only indirectly when mediated by their environmental policies. The findings suggest that firm level environmental policies are critical to successfully aligning CSR with sustainable development in the green economy context. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Exploring Links Between Education and Sustainable Development Goals Through the Lens of UN Flagship Reports
Authors: Vladimirova Katia , Le Blanc David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBased on an exhaustive content analysis of 37 global reports, this paper examines how well links between education and other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are represented in flagship publications of the United Nations system. Taken together, the reports identify links between education and all the SDGs, with the notable exception of SDG 14 on oceans. However, some goal areas have received much more attention than others. While some causal links are identified and highlighted as important, relevant constraints are sometimes not extensively discussed, and few concrete policy options to act on these links are provided. Going forward, it would be important to assess whether the messages contained in UN flagship reports adequately reflect the state of scientific knowledge and the lessons learnt from development programs that focus on education in relation to specific SDGs. The systematic analysis provided here can offer a basis for an integrated analysis of policy priorities for education as a whole. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Sustainable Desert Traditional Architecture of the Central Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mortada Hisham 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFor thousands of years mud houses have represented the practical wisdom and spirituality of people, particularly those of desert regions, who learned how to use local materials to build homes that fitted the environmental and cultural conditions, in which they lived. As a case study, the central region of Saudi Arabia exhibits a tradition of earth architecture that is unique in style, culture and sustainability. Aiming to contribute towards the local debate of the suitability of the traditional mud architecture for today's lifestyle of Saudis, this paper explores the sustainable nature of the traditional adobe architecture of this hot arid region from environmental, social and technical points of view. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Traceback model for identifying sources of distributed attacks in real time
Authors: Ahmed Abdulghani Ali , Sadiq Ali Safa , Zolkipli Mohamad Fadli 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLocating sources of distributed attack is time‐consuming; attackers are identified long after the attack is completed. This paper proposes a trackback model for identifying attackers and locating their distributed sources in real time. Attackers are identified by monitoring violations of malicious end users on their bandwidth shares predefined in the service level agreement. Then, active connections of the malicious users are investigated to locate the host machines used as distributed sources of attack traffic. Mathematical model and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can reduce the required time for identifying malicious users and locating host machines used as the actual sources of attack packets. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Age and Growth Rate of Giant Cacti: Radiocarbon Dating of the Spines of Cardon (Pachycereus Pringlei)
Authors: Delgado-Fernández Mariana , Garcillán Pedro P , Ezcurra Exequiel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAge estimation has been a limiting factor in the study of giant columnar cacti. In order to test the feasibility of using radiocarbon methods to estimate the age of the giant cardon cacti (Pachycereus pringlei), we selected six sites spanning the latitudinal and precipitation range of the species in the Baja California peninsula. In each site, we selected four individuals of different heights and sampled a spine from the lowest areole in the stem. The age of the spine was estimated using 14C dating, and the mean annual growth rate of the plant was calculated dividing the height of the lead shoot by the plant’s age. Mean annual growth rate was 0.098 m/yr, with values varying between 0.03 and 0.23 m/yr. Within the range of plants sampled, mean annual growth rates were significantly correlated with the height of the plant (r2=0.82, P<0.0001), and no other site-specific variable such as precipitation or latitude was a significant predictor of mean annual growth rates. A model integrating mean growth rate versus height showed that relatively small differences in growth rates between plants accumulate during the plants’ lifetime, so that plants of similar size may have very different ages. We conclude that 14C dating provides a robust method to explore the growth and demography of columnar cacti.
Antimicrobial activity of the pygidial gland secretion of the troglophilic ground beetleLaemostenus(Pristonychus)punctatus(Dejean, 1828) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Nenadić M. , Soković M. , Glamočlija J. , Ćirić A. , Perić-Mataruga V. , Tešević V. , Vujisić L. , Todosijević M. , Vesović N. , Ćurčić S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe antimicrobial activity of the pygidial gland secretion released by adult individuals of the troglophilic ground beetleLaemostenus(Pristonychus)punctatus(Dejean, 1828), applying microdilution method with the aim to detect minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration and minimal fungicidal concentration, has been investigated. In addition, morphology of the pygidial glands is observed. We have tested 16 laboratory and clinical strains of human pathogens – eight bacterial both gram-positive and gram-negative species and eight fungal species. The pygidial secretion samples have showed antimicrobial properties against all strains of treated bacteria and fungi.Micrococcus flavusproved to be more resistant compared with other bacterial strains. More significant antimicrobial properties of the secretion are observed againstEscherichia coli, which proved to be the most sensitive bacteria.Aspergillus fumigatusproved to be the most resistant, whilePenicillium ochrochloronandPenicillium verrucosumvar.cyclopiumthe most sensitive micromycetes. Commercial antibiotics Streptomycin and Ampicillin and antimycotics Ketoconazole and Bifonazole, applied as positive controls, showed higher antibacterial properties for all bacterial and fungal strains, except forP. ochrochloron, which proved to be more resistant on Ketoconazole compared with the pygidial gland secretion ofL.(P.)punctatus. Apart from the role in ecological aspects, the antimicrobial properties of the tested secretion possibly might have medical significance in the future.
Climate effects on crop yields in the Northeast Farming Region of China during 1961–2010
Authors: YIN X. G. , OLESEN J. E. , WANG M. , ÖZTÜRK I. , CHEN F. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYCrop production in the Northeast Farming Region of China (NFR) is affected considerably by variation in climatic conditions. Data on crop yield and weather conditions from a number of agro-meteorological stations in NFR were used in a mixed linear model to evaluate the impacts of climatic variables on the yield of maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in different crop growth phases. The crop growing season was divided into three growth phases based on the average crop phenological dates from records covering 1981 and 2010 at each station, comprising pre-flowering (from sowing to just prior to flowering), flowering (20 days around flowering) and post-flowering (10 days after flowering to maturity). The climatic variables were mean minimum temperature, thermal time (which is used to indicate changes in the length of growth cycles), average daily solar radiation, accumulated precipitation, aridity index (which is used to assess drought stress) and heat degree-days index (HDD) (which is used to indicate heat stress) were calculated for each growth phase and year. Over the 1961–2010 period, the minimum temperature increased significantly in each crop growth phase, the thermal time increased significantly in the pre-flowering phase of each crop and in the post-flowering phases of maize, rice and soybean, and HDD increased significantly in the pre-flowering phase of soybean and wheat. Average solar radiation decreased significantly in the pre-flowering phase of all four crops and in the flowering phase of soybean and wheat. Precipitation increased during the pre-flowering phase leading to less aridity, whereas reduced precipitation in the flowering and post-flowering phases enhanced aridity. Statistical analyses indicated that higher minimum temperature was beneficial for maize, rice and soybean yields, whereas increased temperature reduced wheat yield. Higher solar radiation in the pre-flowering phase was beneficial for maize yield, in the post-flowering phase for wheat yield, whereas higher solar radiation in the flowering phase reduced rice yield. Increased aridity in the pre-flowering and flowering phases severely reduced maize yield, higher aridity in the flowering and post-flowering phases reduced rice yield, and aridity in all growth phases reduced soybean and wheat yields. Higher HDD in all growth phases reduced maize and soybean yield and HDD in the pre-flowering phase reduced rice yield. Such effects suggest that projected future climate change may have marked effects on crop yield through effects of several climatic variables, calling for adaptation measures such as breeding and changes in crop, soil and agricultural water management.
Common wheat and cereal bug interactions: kernel quality depletion and immunodetection of damage
Authors: VACCINO P. , INGEGNO B. L. , PANSA M. G. , COPPA T. , TAVELLA L. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYSeveral species of Heteroptera are responsible for kernel damage in wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae), which affects bread-making quality. In Europe, the most noxious bugs belong to the genera Eurygaster (Scutelleridae) and Aelia (Pentatomidae). In the present work, five bug species frequently found in wheat fields in north-western Italy, Eurygaster maura, E. austriaca, Aelia acuminata, Nezara viridula and Carpocoris purpureipennis, were tested in field trials for their capacity to induce wheat damage. The sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation volume test was used as the qualitative control. Among the bug species tested, E. maura was the most noxious pest, with C. purpureipennis being almost as noxious as E. maura. In contrast, E. austriaca and A. acuminata, which have been considered the wheat pests of major importance, as well as N. viridula, caused no or only moderate damage to wheat quality. The adoption of an antiserum specifically produced with E. maura salivary glands proved to be effective and specific in detecting bug damage. Therefore, this polyclonal antibody is promising for the development of a reliable test for the quick evaluation of commercial wheat flour batches.
The use of large and small subunits of ribosomal DNA in evaluating phylogenetic relationships between species ofCornudiscoidesKulkarni, 1969 (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) from India
Authors: Verma J. , Agrawal N. , Verma A.K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTwo partial regions of ribosomal DNA (28S and 18S) were used to evaluate genetic variations among the species ofCornudiscoides,viz.C. proximus, C. geminusandC. agarwali, all parasites ofMystus vittatus(Bagridae) from River Gomati, Ganges River basin, India. Our findings demonstrated that both the large and small ribosomal subunits are useful for species identification and genetic characterization of parasites, leading to resolution of inter/intra-relationships at generic and specific levels. The secondary structures of all three species for 28S and 18S rRNA genes contained exact pattern matches (EMPs) displaying the high degree of similarity among them. The phylogenetic analyses within the members of Dactylogyridae demonstrated that species ofCornudiscoidescluster together for 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes.
Meta-analysis of DSM alcohol use disorder criteria severities: structural consistency is only ‘skin deep’
Authors: Lane S. P. , Steinley D. , Sher K. J. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundItem response theory (IRT) analyses of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other psychological disorders are a predominant method for assessing overall and individual criterion severity for psychiatric diagnosis. However, no investigation has established the consistency of the relative criteria severities across different samples.MethodPubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science and ProQuest databases were queried for entries relating to alcohol use and IRT. Study data were extracted using a standardized data entry sheet. Consistency of reported criteria severities across studies was analysed using generalizability theory to estimate generalized intraclass correlations (ICCs).ResultsA total of 451 citations were screened and 34 papers (30 unique samples) included in the research synthesis. The AUD criteria set exhibited low consistency in the ordering of criteria using both traditional [ICC = 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06–0.56] and generalized (ICC = 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.21) approaches. These results were partially accounted for by previously studied factors such as age and type of sample (e.g. clinical v. community), but the largest source of unreliability was the diagnostic instrument employed.ConclusionsDespite the robust finding of unidimensional structure of AUDs, inconsistency in the relative severities across studies suggests low replicability, challenging the generalizability of findings from any given study. Explicit modeling of well-studied factors like age and sample type is essential and increases the generalizability of findings. Moreover, while the development of structured diagnostic interviews is considered a landmark contribution toward improving psychiatric research, variability across instruments has not been fully appreciated and is substantial.
The Apollo Missions
Authors: Scherer L. R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn successfully carrying out a manned lunar landing and return, with both operational and technological objectives, the Apollo program made possible a variety of significant scientific experiments. This important milestone in the continuing quest for knowledge took the eyes, hands, and mind of man, as well as his instruments, to a new world. The activities of highest priority carried out by the astronauts, once the landing had been successfully completed, were to collect lunar material and data, emplace sophisticated experiments, and record man’s impressions and observations.In the missions ahead, scientific exploration of the Moon will be the principal goal. Unique features and sites on the Moon will be visited. New experiments, both on the lunar surface and in lunar orbit, will be carried out, as we probe the Moon’s past and attempt to unravel the early history of the Earth. In so doing, we will also be establishing and defining the possibilities and limitations of man as a space explorer as we extend his domain further in space.
Introductory Talk
Authors: Tayler R. J. 
Published: March 2016

In this talk I shall try to outline the subject which will be discussed in detail by the succeeding speakers. I shall concentrate on ideas and I shall not attempt to present any definite results. The two sides to this problem are:(a) How much helium is there in the Universe?and(b) Where and how has it been produced?I shall sub-divide (a) and (b) into
(a) (i)Direct observations(ii)Inferences from theories of stellar structure and evolution(b) (i)Helium production in stars(ii)Primeval helium production(iii)Production in other objects
Infrared Observations and Interstellar Molecules
Authors: Woolf N. J. 
Published: March 2016

It has been common practice to separate the study of interstellar matter from that of stellar evolution. However, infrared astronomy deals mainly with observations of stars forming and stars dying. Interstellar matter represents a phase intermediate between these two stages, part of a cyclic process (Figure 1).We find molecules in interstellar space and want to know how they came to be there. Molecules form most easily at high densities and moderately high temperatures. These conditions prevail both in envelopes around forming stars and also around evolved red giants. However, the matter going into star formation is mainly leaving interstellar space, while that from the red giants is going into space. Therefore the evolved red giants are potentially the source of interstellar molecules.This paper will propose first that the chief interstellar solid molecules were formed in the atmospheres of red giant stars. Volatile solids that might condense in space do not seem to be a major constituent of the grains. Secondly it will be demonstrated that a major part of interstellar matter has probably come from the outer layers of red giant stars. Since the solids formed in these envelopes, it appears possible that less complicated gaseous molecules have also been ejected into space. Whether they are in fact the same molecules that are now observed is a question that cannot yet be answered.
Laboratory Studies of the Spectra of Interstellar Molecules
Authors: Herzberg G. 
Published: March 2016

During the last twenty years many studies have been carried out in our laboratory which were aimed at establishing the exact positions of possible sharp interstellar lines of various diatomic and polyatomic molecules. In addition we have been trying to see whether the diffuse interstellar lines cannot be explained as produced by some molecule or molecular ion in the interstellar gas.The present report is a summary of our recent work in this field.
Opacity Sources in the UV Spectrum of the Sun
Authors: Bonnet R. M. , Sacotte D. 
Published: March 2016

In the past three or four years a great deal of attention has been given to the interpretation of the solar UV continuum. Several sets of intensity and limb-darkening measurements made from satellite, rocket and balloon borne instruments are now available, which allow comparisons to be made with theoretical computations. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss these comparisons, we restrict this discussion to the wavelength region between 3000 Å and 1680 Å, in which a significant difference between the observations and the computations still exists. The lines in this wavelength region which are of relevance to the continuum opacity are listed as follows:the Ly-α line of neutral hydrogen at 1216 Å which appears as a strong emission line;the resonance doublet of Mgװ at 2795 Å and 2803 Å which causes a broad depression in the solar continuum and shows an emission core similar in shape to the Ly-α line;the auto-ionization doublet of AlI at 1932 Å and 1936 Å, which appears as two broad absorption features;several absorption lines such as Mgi 2852 Å Sii 2881 Å;many FeI and FeII absorption lines.There are also several discontinuities in the continuum emitted between the lines in the spectrum between 1216 Å and 3000 Å. The most important ones are located at 2500 Å, 2085 Å and 1680 Å, which correspond to the photoionization edges of MgI, AlI and SiI respectively.
Relativistic Corrections to Atomic Energy Levels
Authors: Jones Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe relativistic effects on bound levels of atomic systems with particular application to systems of astrophysical importance are investigated by including the most important contributions to the low Z Pauli Approximation for the Hamiltonian. This work is an extension of a general purpose automatic computer program for calculating non-relativistic energy levels of complex atoms, described by Eissner and Nussbaumer (1969). The program should give fairly good intermediate coupling wave functions and it may thus be used as a basis for the calculation of intermediate coupling collision strenghts and oscillator strenghts. Numerical results are displayed for the Sodiumi sequence.
The Value of Photoelectric Occultation Timings in Lunar Motion Studies
Authors: Van Flandern Thomas C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe two most important advantages of photoelectric timings of occultations over visual timings are accuracy and freedom from systematic error. The observational error is so small compared with uncertainties in the lunar ephemeris, star positions, limb corrections, and such, that the value of the observations will continue to increase as time goes on and the other error sources are eliminated.A recent result made possible largely by the availability of photoelectric timings over the last 20 yr is a new value for the secular acceleration of the Moon, with corresponding consequences for the Ephemeris Time scale.An important current application for simultaneous photoelectric and visual observations is the determination of ‘personal equation’ for the visual observers. Experiments so far indicate the visual observers require a minimum of 0.1 sec to detect that an event has occurred, plus additional time to react to it; hence, typical personal equations are around 0.4 sec.