bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cognitive‐Evolutionary Model of Surprise: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Reisenzein Rainer , Horstmann Gernot , Schützwohl Achim 
Published: September 2017

AbstractResearch on surprise relevant to the cognitive‐evolutionary model of surprise proposed by Meyer, Reisenzein, and Schützwohl (1997) is reviewed. The majority of the assumptions of the model are found empirically supported. Surprise is evoked by unexpected (schema‐discrepant) events and its intensity is determined by the degree if schema‐discrepancy, whereas the novelty and the valence of the eliciting events probably do not have an independent effect. Unexpected events cause an automatic interruption of ongoing mental processes that is followed by an attentional shift and attentional binding to the events, which is often followed by causal and other event analysis processes and by schema revision. The facial expression of surprise postulated by evolutionary emotion psychologists has been found to occur rarely in surprise, for as yet unknown reasons. A physiological orienting response marked by skin conductance increase, heart rate deceleration, and pupil dilation has been observed to occur regularly in the standard version of the repetition‐change paradigm of surprise induction, but the specificity of these reactions as indicators of surprise is controversial. There is indirect evidence for the assumption that the feeling of surprise consists of the direct awareness of the schema‐discrepancy signal, but this feeling, or at least the self‐report of surprise, is also influenced by experienced interference. In contrast, facial feedback probably does contribute substantially to the feeling of surprise and the evidence for the hypothesis that surprise is affected by the difficulty of explaining an unexpected event is, in our view, inconclusive. Regardless of how the surprise feeling is constituted, there is evidence that it has both motivational and informational effects. Finally, the prediction failure implied by unexpected events sometimes causes a negative feeling, but there is no convincing evidence that this is always the case, and we argue that even if it were so, this would not be a sufficient reason for regarding this feeling as a component, rather than as an effect of surprise.
The bottle gourd genome provides insights into Cucurbitaceae evolution and facilitates mapping of a Papaya ring‐spot virus resistance locus
Authors: Wu Shan , Shamimuzzaman Md , Sun Honghe , Salse Jerome , Sui Xuelian , Wilder Alan , Wu Zujian , Levi Amnon , Xu Yong , Ling Kai‐Shu , Fei Zhangjun 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is an important vegetable crop as well as a rootstock for other cucurbit crops. In this study, we report a high‐quality 313.4‐Mb genome sequence of a bottle gourd inbred line, USVL1VR‐Ls, with a scaffold N50 of 8.7 Mb and the longest of 19.0 Mb. About 98.3% of the assembled scaffolds are anchored to the 11 pseudomolecules. Our comparative genomic analysis identifies chromosome‐level syntenic relationships between bottle gourd and other cucurbits, as well as lineage‐specific gene family expansions in bottle gourd. We reconstructed the genome of the most recent common ancestor of Cucurbitaceae, which revealed that the ancestral Cucurbitaceae karyotypes consisted of 12 protochromosomes with 18 534 protogenes. The 12 protochromosomes are largely retained in the modern melon genome, while have undergone different degrees of shuffling events in other investigated cucurbit genomes. The 11 bottle gourd chromosomes derive from the ancestral Cucurbitaceae karyotypes followed by 19 chromosomal fissions and 20 fusions. The bottle gourd genome sequence has facilitated the mapping of a dominant monogenic locus, Prs, conferring Papaya ring‐spot virus (PRSV) resistance in bottle gourd, to a 317.8‐kb region on chromosome 1. We have developed a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker tightly linked to the Prs locus and demonstrated its potential application in marker‐assisted selection of PRSV resistance in bottle gourd. This study provides insights into the paleohistory of Cucurbitaceae genome evolution, and the high‐quality genome sequence of bottle gourd provides a useful resource for plant comparative genomics studies and cucurbit improvement.
A novel approach to improving efficiency and cost saving in preoperative blood preparation
Authors: Patel Sephalie Y. , Edwards David A. , Boulware David C. , Serdiuk Andrew , Cook Susan J. , Benson Kaaron , Rice Mark J. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDPreoperative ordering of blood products has been an area of optimization due to considerable variability among physicians; overpreparation can lead to extra costs and underpreparation of blood can potentially compromise patient safety.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe examined the potential cost savings of extending the storage interval of a presurgical type‐and‐screen sample from 7 to 14 days, thereby reducing the need for a new specimen on the day of surgery.RESULTSSensitivity analysis showed annual cost savings for our institution to be an estimated $38,770 ($22,420‐$73,120).CONCLUSIONThese results are even more robust when incorporating the additional potential savings from improved operating room efficiency.
Invariant NKT cells promote skin wound healing by preventing a prolonged neutrophilic inflammatory response
Authors: Tanno Hiromasa , Kawakami Kazuyoshi , Kanno Emi , Suzuki Aiko , Takagi Naoyuki , Yamamoto Hideki , Ishii Keiko , Imai Yoshimichi , Maruyama Ryoko , Tachi Masahiro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe wound‐healing process consists of the inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases. In chronic wounds, the inflammation phase is prolonged with persistent neutrophil infiltration. The inflammatory response is critically regulated by cytokines and chemokines that are secreted from various immune cells. Recently, we showed that skin wound healing was delayed and the healing process was impaired under conditions lacking invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, an innate immune lymphocyte with potent immuno‐regulatory activity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of iNKT cell deficiency on the neutrophilic inflammatory response during the wound healing process. Neutrophil infiltration was prolonged in wound tissue in mice genetically lacking iNKT cells (Jα18KO mice) than in wild‐type (WT) control mice on days 1 and 3 after wounding. MIP‐2, KC, and IL‐17A were produced at a significantly higher level in Jα18KO mice than in WT mice. In addition, neutrophil apoptosis was significantly reduced in the wound tissue in Jα18KO mice than in WT mice. Treatment with anti‐IL‐17A mAb, anti‐Gr‐1 mAb, or neutrophil elastase inhibitor reversed the impaired wound healing in Jα18KO mice. These results suggest that iNKT cells may promote the wound healing process through preventing the prolonged inflammatory response mediated by neutrophils.
Synergistic Toxicity of Copper and Gold Compounds in Cupriavidus metallidurans
Authors: Wiesemann Nicole , Bütof Lucy , Herzberg Martin , Hause Gerd , Berthold Lutz , Etschmann Barbara , Brugger Joël , Martinez-Criado Gema , Dobritzsch Dirk , Baginsky Sacha , Reith Frank , Nies Dietrich H. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

The bacterium
Cupriavidus metallidurans
can reduce toxic gold(I/III) complexes and biomineralize them into metallic gold (Au) nanoparticles, thereby mediating the (trans)formation of Au nuggets. In Au-rich soils, most transition metals do not interfere with the resistance of this bacterium to toxic mobile Au complexes and can be removed from the cell by plasmid-encoded metal efflux systems. Copper is a noticeable exception: the presence of Au complexes and Cu ions results in synergistic toxicity, which is accompanied by an increased cytoplasmic Cu content and formation of Au nanoparticles in the periplasm. The periplasmic Cu-oxidase CopA was not essential for formation of the periplasmic Au nanoparticles. As shown with the purified and reconstituted Cu efflux system CupA, Au complexes block Cu-dependent release of phosphate from ATP by CupA, indicating inhibition of Cu transport. Moreover, Cu resistance of Au-inhibited cells was similar to that of mutants carrying deletions in the genes for the Cu-exporting P
IB1
-type ATPases. Consequently, Au complexes inhibit export of cytoplasmic Cu ions, leading to an increased cellular Cu content and decreased Cu and Au resistance. Uncovering the biochemical mechanisms of synergistic Au and Cu toxicity in
C. metallidurans
explains the issues this bacterium has to face in auriferous environments, where it is an important contributor to the environmental Au cycle.

IMPORTANCE
C. metallidurans
lives in metal-rich environments, including auriferous soils that contain a mixture of toxic transition metal cations. We demonstrate here that copper ions and gold complexes exert synergistic toxicity because gold ions inhibit the copper-exporting P-type ATPase CupA, which is central to copper resistance in this bacterium. Such a situation should occur in soils overlying Au deposits, in which Cu/Au ratios usually are ≫1. Appreciating how
C. metallidurans
solves the problem of living in environments that contain both Au and Cu is a prerequisite to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying gold cycling in the environment, and the significance and opportunities of microbiota for specific targeting to Au in mineral exploration and ore processing.
Cytoplasmic Localization of Sulfide:Quinone Oxidoreductase and Persulfide Dioxygenase of Cupriavidus pinatubonensis JMP134
Authors: Gao Rui , Liu Honglei , Xun Luying 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Heterotrophic bacteria have recently been reported to oxidize sulfide to sulfite and thiosulfate by using sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) and persulfide dioxygenase (PDO). In chemolithotrophic bacteria, both SQR and PDO have been reported to function in the periplasmic space, with SQR as a peripheral membrane protein whose C terminus inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane and PDO as a soluble protein.
Cupriavidus pinatubonensis
JMP134, best known for its ability to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and other aromatic pollutants, has a gene cluster of
sqr
and
pdo
encoding
C. pinatubonensis
SQR (CpSQR) and CpPDO2. When cloned in
Escherichia coli
, the enzymes are functional. Here we investigated whether they function in the periplasmic space or in the cytoplasm in heterotrophic bacteria. By using sequence analysis, biochemical detection, and green fluorescent protein (GFP)/PhoA fusion proteins, we found that CpSQR was located on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane and CpPDO2 was a soluble protein in the cytoplasm with a tendency to be peripherally located near the membrane. The location proximity of these proteins near the membrane in the cytoplasm may facilitate sulfide oxidation in heterotrophic bacteria. The information may guide the use of heterotrophic bacteria in bioremediation of organic pollutants as well as H
2
S.

IMPORTANCE
Sulfide (H
2
S, HS
−
, and S
2−
), which is common in natural gas and wastewater, causes a serious malodor at low levels and is deadly at high levels. Microbial oxidation of sulfide is a valid bioremediation method, in which chemolithotrophic bacteria that use sulfide as the energy source are often used to remove sulfide. Heterotrophic bacteria with SQR and PDO have recently been reported to oxidize sulfide to sulfite and thiosulfate.
Cupriavidus pinatubonensis
JMP134 has been extensively characterized for its ability to degrade organic pollutants, and it also contains SQR and PDO. This paper shows the localization of SQR and PDO inside the cytoplasm in the vicinity of the membrane. The information may provide guidance for using heterotrophic bacteria in sulfide bioremediation.
Catastrophic cement reaction following cementation for megaprosthesis for proximal femoral fracture
Authors: Baig Muhammad Nouman , Curtin William , Callaghan Michael Andrew , Murphy Colin G 
Published: September 2017

Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is a well-described and potentially fatal complication of orthopaedic surgery involving pressurised bone cement. Although also described for certain spinal procedures, it is most commonly associated with cemented hip and knee arthroplasty and with cemented hemiarthroplasty following neck of femur fracture in particular.Donaldsonet alproposed the definition of BCIS as a syndrome “characterized by hypoxia, hypotension or both and/or unexpected loss of consciousness occurring around the time of cementation, prosthesis insertion, reduction of the joint or, occasionally, limb tourniquet deflation in a patient undergoing cemented bone surgery”. Other features include increased vascular resistance, cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest post cement use.We describe a case of a patient who suffered a catastrophic reaction to cement during surgery for a comminuted proximal femoral fracture.
Comparison of anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography systems for corneal vascularisation
Authors: Ang Marcus , Devarajan Kavya , Das Suchandrima , Stanzel Tisha , Tan Anna , Girard Michael , Schmetterer Leopold , Mehta Jodhbir S 
Published: September 2017

AimTo newly describe a spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for the cornea and directly compare two OCTA system scans of the same eyes with corneal vascularisation.MethodsCross-sectional, observational, comparative case series. We performed sequential OCTA scans (10 eyes of 10 subjects with corneal vascularisation,4 scans each eye) repeated using split-spectrum amplitude decorrelation algorithm angiography system (SSADA, AngioVue; Optovue Inc, USA) and SD OCTA (Angioscan; Nidek Co. Ltd, Japan) in the same region of interest. We analysed all scan images for repeatability, image quality and vessel density measurements and compared OCTA systems.ResultsWe obtained substantial interobserver repeatability in terms of image quality score (κ=0.86) for all 80 OCTA scans (median age 49 years, 50% women). The correlation was moderately good (r=0.721) when comparing vessel density measurements between OCTA systems, but greater in the SSADA compared with SD OCTA system (mean vessel density 20.3±4.9% vs 15.1±4.2%, respectively; p<0.001).ConclusionIn this pilot clinical study, we describe successful delineation of corneal vessels with substantial image quality using a new SD OCTA system. The vessel density measurements were greater using the SSADA compared with SD OCTA system in the same area of corneal vascularisation. Further studies are required to confirm the advantages, limitations and differences between these OCTA systems for the anterior segment.
Do chain pharmacies perform better than independent pharmacies? Evidence from a standardised patient study of the management of childhood diarrhoea and suspected tuberculosis in urban India
Authors: Miller Rosalind , Goodman Catherine 
Published: September 2017

IntroductionPharmacies and drug stores are frequently patients’ first point of care in many low-income and middle-income countries, but their practice is often poor. Pharmacy retailing in India has traditionally been dominated by local, individually owned shops, but recent years have seen the growth of pharmacy chains. In theory, lower-powered profit incentives and self-regulation to preserve brand identity may lead to higher quality in chain stores. In practice, this has been little studied.MethodsWe randomly selected a stratified sample of chain and independent pharmacies in urban Bengaluru. Standardised patients (SPs) visited pharmacies and presented a scripted case of diarrhoea for a child and suspected tuberculosis (TB). SPs were debriefed immediately after the visit using a structured questionnaire. We measured the quality of history taking, therapeutic management and advice giving against national (Government of India) and international (WHO) guidelines. We used Pearson’s χ2tests to examine associations between pharmacy type and case management.FindingsManagement of childhood diarrhoea and suspected TB was woefully substandard. History taking of the SP was limited; unnecessary and harmful medicines, including antibiotics, were commonly sold; and advice giving was near non-existent. The performance of chains and independent shops was strikingly similar for most areas of assessment. We observed no significant differences between the management of suspected TB in chains and independents. 43% of chains and 45% of independents managed the TB case correctly; 17% and 16% of chains and independents, respectively, sold antibiotics. We found that chains sold significantly fewer harmful antibiotics and antidiarrhoeals (35% vs 48%, p=0.029) and prescription-only medicines (37% vs 49%, p=0.048) for the patient with diarrhoea compared with independent shops. Not a single shop managed the patient with diarrhoea correctly according to guidelines.ConclusionOur results from Bengaluru suggest that it is unlikely that chains alone can solve persisting quality challenges. However, they may offer a potential vehicle through which to deliver interventions. Future intervention research should consider recruiting chains to see whether effectiveness of interventions differ among chains compared with independents.
Association between gender and short-term outcome in patients with ST elevation myocardial infraction participating in the international, prospective, randomised Administration of Ticagrelor in the catheterisation Laboratory or in the Ambulance for New ST elevation myocardial Infarction to open the Coronary artery (ATLANTIC) trial: a prespecified analysis
Authors: Venetsanos Dimitrios , Sederholm Lawesson Sofia , Alfredsson Joakim , Janzon Magnus , Cequier Angel , Chettibi Mohamed , Goodman Shaun G , van’t Hof Arnoud W , Montalescot Gilles , Swahn Eva 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate gender differences in outcomes in patents with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) planned for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).SettingsA prespecified gender analysis of the multicentre, randomised, double-blind Administration of Ticagrelor in the catheterisation Laboratory or in the Ambulance for New ST elevation myocardial Infarction to open the Coronary artery.ParticipantsBetween September 2011 and October 2013, 1862 patients with STEMI and symptom duration <6 hours were included.InterventionsPatients were assigned to prehospital versus in-hospital administration of 180 mg ticagrelor.OutcomesThe main objective was to study the association between gender and primary and secondary outcomes of the main study with a focus on the clinical efficacy and safety outcomes. Primary outcome: the proportion of patients who did not have 70% resolution of ST-segment elevation and did not meet the criteria for Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow 3 at initial angiography. Secondary outcome: the composite of death, MI, stent thrombosis, stroke or urgent revascularisation and major or minor bleeding at 30 days.ResultsWomen were older, had higher TIMI risk score, longer prehospital delays and better TIMI flow in the infarct-related artery. Women had a threefold higher risk for all-cause mortality compared with men (5.7% vs 1.9%, HR 3.13, 95% CI 1.78 to 5.51). After adjustment, the difference was attenuated but remained statistically significant (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.20). The incidence of major bleeding events was twofold to threefold higher in women compared with men. In the multivariable model, female gender was not an independent predictor of bleeding (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes major HR 1.45, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.86, TIMI major HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.47 to 3.48, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3–5 HR 1.45, 95% CI 0.72 to 2.91). There was no interaction between gender and efficacy or safety of randomised treatment.ConclusionIn patients with STEMI planned for PPCI and treated with modern antiplatelet therapy, female gender was an independent predictor of short-term mortality. In contrast, the higher incidence of bleeding complications in women could mainly be explained by older age and clustering of comorbidities.Clinical trial registrationNCT01347580;Post-results.
Recording a diagnosis of stroke, transient ischaemic attack or myocardial infarction in primary healthcare and the association with dispensation of secondary preventive medication: a registry-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Dahlgren Cecilia , Geary Lukas , Hasselström Jan , Rehnberg Clas , Schenck-Gustafsson Karin , Wändell Per , Euler Mia von 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore whether recording in primary care of a previously recorded hospital diagnosis was associated with increased patient utilisation of recommended medications.DesignRegistry-based prospective cohort study.Setting and participants19 072 patients with a hospital discharge diagnosis of transient ischaemic attack (TIA), stroke or acute coronary syndrome from hospitals in Stockholm County 2010–2013 were included in the study.Main outcome measureThe outcome of the study was medication dispensation as a marker of adherence to recommended medications. Adherence was defined as having had at least two filled prescriptions in the third year following hospital discharge.ResultsRecording a diagnosis was associated with higher utilisation of all recommended medications with the exception of antihypertensives in patients with TIA. The differences between the groups with and without a recorded diagnosis remained after adjusting for age, sex, index year and visits to private practitioners. Dispensation of antithrombotics was high overall, 80%–90% in patients without a recorded diagnosis and 90%–94% for those with a diagnosis. Women with recorded ischaemic stroke/TIA/acute coronary syndrome were dispensed more statins (56%–71%) than those with no recorded diagnosis (46%–59%). Similarly, 68%–83% of men with a recorded diagnosis were dispensed statins (57%–77% in men with no recorded diagnosis). The rate of diagnosis recording spanned from 15% to 47% and was especially low in TIA (men 15%, women 16%).ConclusionRecording a diagnosis of TIA/stroke or acute coronary syndrome in primary care was found to be associated with higher dispensation of recommended secondary preventive medications. Further study is necessary in order to determine the mechanisms underlying our results and to establish the utility of our findings.