bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact Modification of Isotactic Polypropylene with Ethylene-Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber
Authors: Banerjee J. , Soliya P. , Pallavi M. B. , Mukhopadhyay P. , Bandyopadhyay S. , Chakrabarty D. , Dutta K. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The present work was done to improve the impact property of isotactic polypropylene (PP), especially at low temperatures, by incorporating ethylene propylene diene monomers (EPDM). This was done by ensuring compatibility between the two polymers with phase modifiers polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) and initiator dicumyl peroxide (DCP). In addition, attempts were also made to understand the fundamentals of impact toughening as well as fracture toughness, and to correlate the results with that of morphological evidences obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Varying the ratios of all blend composition, mechanical properties were studied. It was observed that as the rubber fraction increased, the impact property as well as fracture toughness increased. All these tests also showed promising results when PE-g-MA was added, leading to more improvement in all the mechanical properties including increase in crystallite size. It had shown plasticization effect on the compositions, which could be further confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) compared to the uncompatibilized ones. But when DCP was added, it behaved like an initiator which directly reacted with the PP matrix, decreasing the molecular weight of the blend with decreasing size of the crystallites.
Prototype System to Study the Effect of Weld Lines on the Performance of Extruded Profiles
Authors: Carneiro O. S. , Mota A. R. , Sitotaw Y. , Nóbrega J. M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In several thermoplastic extrusion based processes the melt flow has to be divided into independent streams that are merged before the flow channel outlet. This promotes the formation of weld lines, usually related to mechanical weak zones and aesthetic imperfections. There is a large amount of scientific publications related to weld lines formed in other processing techniques, e. g. injection molding. However, studies related to extrusion are scarce. This work presents the conception of a new prototype system that allows performing systematic studies aiming a better understanding of the effect of weld lines in extrusion. A case study illustrates the employment of the developed device to study the effect of several process parameters (e. g. spider leg location, processing temperature and flow rate) on the mechanical performance of the extruded profiles.
The Impact of Blue Light Cystoscopy with Hexaminolevulinate (HAL) on Progression of Bladder Cancer – A New Analysis
Authors: Kamat Ashish M. , Cookson Michael , Witjes J. Alfred , Stenzl Arnulf , Grossman H. Barton 
Published: April 2016

Background: The International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG) recently proposed a new definition of disease progression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), including change in T-stage, change to T2 or higher or change from low to high grade. Objective: To establish whether blue light cystoscopy with hexaminolevulinate (HAL) impacts the rate of progression and time to progression using the revised definition. Methods: An earlier long-term follow-up of a controlled Phase III study reported outcomes following blue light cystoscopy with HAL (255 patients) or white light (WL) cystoscopy (261 patients) in NMIBC patients. The data was re-analysed according to the new definition. Results: In the original analysis, after 4.5 years (median), eight HAL and 16 WL patients were deemed to have progressed (transition from NMIBC to muscle invasive bladder cancer, (T2-4)). According to the new definition, additional patients in both groups were found to have progressed: 31 (12.2%) HAL vs 46 (17.6%) WL ( p = 0.085) with four (1.6%) HAL and 11 (4.2%) WL patients progressing from Ta to CIS. Time to progression was longer in the HAL group ( p = 0.05). Conclusions: Applying the new IBCG definition there was a trend towards a lower rate of progression in HAL patients, particularly in those progressing from Ta to CIS. Time to progression was significantly prolonged. This suggests that patients should receive blue light cystoscopy with HAL rather than WL at resection. Adoption of the new definition could allow more patients at risk of progression to be treated appropriately earlier.
HIV Viral Suppression in TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database Enrolled Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy at the Social Health Clinic, the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology & STDs, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Authors: Boettiger David C , Khol Vohith , Durier Nicolas , Law Matthew , Sun Ly Penh 
Published: April 2016

Background The Social Health Clinic at the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology & STDs (SHC-NCHADS) in Phnom Penh is a major provider of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cambodia. However, patient access to viral load monitoring is uncommon. We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of HIV viral load in SHC-NCHADS patients on ART to determine the proportion experiencing virological failure and to identify factors associated with virological failure in this population. Methods Patients who had been using their current first-or second-line ART regimen for ≥6 months were eligible. Virological failure was defined as a viral load >1,000 copies/ml, death, lost-to-follow-up or the absence of viral load testing despite presenting for care. Factors associated with virological failure were evaluated using logistic regression. Results Overall, 463 patients (53.1% male, median age 42.1 years) were included in the investigation. At the time of current regimen initiation, median CD4+ T-cell count was 101 cells/mm3 and 89.0% of patients had experienced a WHO stage III/IV event. At the time of testing/ last clinic visit, 28 (6.0%) patients met our definition of virological failure. Median viral load among those failing was 9,633 copies/ml. Shorter time on current ART regimen, low CD4+ T-cell count at the time of viral load testing/last clinic visit and a record of suboptimal adherence were the strongest predictors of virological failure. Conclusions This work demonstrates the high rate of viral suppression being achieved by the treatment programme at SHC-NCHADS and the need for future work to phase-in routine viral load monitoring in Cambodia.
Adherence to SATS antibiotic recommendations in patients with community acquired pneumonia in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Mukansi Murimisi , Chetty Anastacia , Feldman Charles 
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Antibiotic guidelines have been published by various societies indicating the optimal empiric antibiotic treatment of patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP); however, no studies have been undertaken in South Africa investigating whether the most recent South African Thoracic Society (SATS) antibiotic CAP guideline, published in 2007, is being adhered to, or whether adherence is associated with improved patient outcomes. Methodology: This was a retrospective record review over a one-year period undertaken to document levels of adherence to the 2007 SATS guideline for CAP management in adults at an academic teaching hospital. Results: A total of 181 patients with CAP were included in the study, of whom 101 were female, and 109 were known to be HIV-seropositive. The majority (66%) of the patients received antibiotic treatment that was guideline-adherent. In those patients who received treatment that was non-adherent to the guideline recommendations, rather than receiving inadequate cover, they actually had received treatment that was in excess of what was recommended. There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay among the two patient groups; however, a significantly longer time to clinical stability was found in patients who had received guideline-adherent treatment. Only one CAP patient died and therefore it was not possible to determine the impact of guideline adherence on patient mortality. Conclusion: Results of this study indicated a relatively high level of SATS guideline adherence. Guideline adherence was not associated with improved patient outcomes.
Chapitre 4. Accompagnement, alternance et éthique pragmatique : vers une démarche clinique de formation
Authors: Cabaret Véronique 
Published: April 2016

Cet article a pour objectif de présenter l’animation d’une séquence pédagogique réalisée à l’Institut de Formation des Cadres de Santé (IFCS) du CHRU de Lille, intitulée « projet de formation et projet pédagogique » inscrite dans le module « fonction de formation », dont la visée est la production des savoirs de l’étudiant par / dans l’alternance. Par la création de cette séquence innovante, l’intention pédagogique est d’utiliser le terrain de l’Institut comme terrain d’apprentissage, couplé aux terrains de stage, et ce afin d’optimiser l’alternance. En outre, dans une éthique pragmatique de la formation, l’équipe pédagogique s’inspire d’une démarche clinique de formation : elle considère les étudiants en tant qu’acteurs effectifs dans un dispositif en alternance conçu pour eux et souhaite le concevoir avec eux, et ce à partir de leur parole. Ainsi, les étudiants sont amenés à émettre une critique du projet pédagogique de l’IFCS et à en débattre avec les formatrices, conceptrices du projet. Chacun des partenaires en présence cherche à comprendre l’Autre, dans un souci d’altérité. En participant, chaque année, directement à la ré-écriture du projet pédagogique les concernant, les étudiants construisent leur posture professionnelle de cadre de santé. Ils font partie des acteurs de l’alternance, au même titre que les partenaires extérieurs à l’IFCS.
Marek Leykam. Expresión formal de valores identitarios.
Authors: Requena Crespo Francisco , Barrera Puigdollers José Manuel 
Published: April 2016

<p>El arquitecto polaco Marek Leykam interpretó la nueva realidad de Polonia tras la II Guerra Mundial afrontando a través de su trabajo la pérdida de identidad y el desarraigo de la población superviviente hacia la convivencia en comunidad o la propia idea de ser humano con una obra teórica y práctica que apelaba a la conciencia colectiva para recuperar valores democráticos frente a la hegemonía del irracionalismo.</p><p>Su preocupación por establecer una trama abierta a la interpretaciónque cobrase sentido ante la interacción consciente de los usuarios, contemporiza su trabajo en una posición firme y contraria a los planteamientos totalitarios de dominación que estaban teniendo lugar en Polonia tanto en la esfera artística como en la social, dando lugar a una arquitectura que, alejada de la utopía, no tuvo pretensión de ser revolucionaria pero sí de ejercer una resistencia sobre la cual se sentasen las bases de una sociedad estable que recuperase su fe en la coexistencia comunitaria desde la repetición de procesos y pautas, alejándose así de manifestaciones subjetivas de poder individual.</p><p> </p>
Dispositivos de emoción. El rol de la estructura porticada de hormigón en la arquitectura de Kazuo Shinohara
Authors: Massip-Bosch Enric 
Published: April 2016

<p>El trabajo del arquitecto Kazuo Shinohara tuvo como objetivo fundamental la creación de emoción en el centro de la casa. Su obra, aunque basada mayoritariamente en unas pocas casas unifamiliares bastante pequeñas, lo sitúa sin embargo como el más influyente de su generación hoy día en Japón.</p><p>En sus casas de mediados de los 1970s usa las estructuras porticadas de hormigón como dispositivo fundamental para cuestionar los propios fundamentos de lo doméstico. Mediante contrastes de escalas y texturas, y por la propia geometría y dimensión de los elementos resistentes, consigue des-domesticar la casa y convertirla en un espacio total de emoción. </p><p class="CosA"> </p>
Overview of the translocation of rupestrian ferruginous fields of Capão Xavier mine to the Serra do Rola Moça State Park, Minas Gerais – Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Alessandra F. , Maia Ana C. , Monteiro Juan F. S. , Condé João N. , Martins Mauro 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The identification of priority areas for the conservation of Brazilian biodiversity and the application of prompt practical measures are essential for an effective environmental management. The Serra do Rola Moça State Park, located in the Iron Quadrangle, on the southern end of the Espinhaço Range, in Minas Gerais, Brazil, is a region that is home to the rupestrian ferruginous fields or canga vegetation, a still poorly studied vegetation, rich in endemic, rare, and endangered species. The aim of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the rupestrian ferruginous fields, providing a floristic analysis, a quantification of species richness, and survival (vegetative growth in laboratory conditions, the production of nursery saplings and the management of the areas) of translocated species from the Capão Xavier mine pit to the park. The species presented belong mainly to the Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Velloziaceae, Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae, and Solanaceae families. Nowadays, the surrounding area of the administrative headquarters of the park shelters around 10 000 individuals and about 15 000 in other areas of the park. In the rescue and transposition of saplings, there was a loss of less than 31.29 % of the individuals directly introduced to the planting area, while only 10 % of the saplings grown in the nursery were lost. The knowledge acquired about the viability of the studied species, their spread, and conservation indicates the possibility of nursery breeding of some of the native species and their use in the recovery of areas in mining regions.
In-plane electric field controlled perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in an FePt/[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.7–(PbTiO3)0.3 heterostructure
Authors: Guo Qi , Xu Xiaoguang , Feng Julong , Liu Pengfei , Wu Yong , Ma Li , Zhou Shiming , Miao Jun , Jiang Yong 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We report the in-plane electric field controlled perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of L10-FePt films deposited on polarized [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.7–(PbTiO3)0.3 single crystal substrates. The out-of-plane coercivity (H
c⊥) of FePt films exhibits a regular response to the in-plane electric field applied on substrates. The experimental change of H
c⊥ is approximately 21.3% with the electric field varying from −10 to 10 kV/cm. The magnetization direction can be controlled by switching the electric field. The remanence of FePt films can also be manipulated by the electric field, so that a “W”-shaped sawtooth magnetic signal can be generated by a sawtooth electric field.
A low-temperature fabricated gate-stack structure for Ge-based MOSFET with ferromagnetic epitaxial Heusler-alloy/Ge electrodes
Authors: Fujita Yuichi , Yamada Michihiro , Nagatomi Yuta , Yamamoto Keisuke , Yamada Shinya , Sawano Kentarou , Kanashima Takeshi , Nakashima Hiroshi , Hamaya Kohei 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A possible low-temperature fabrication process of a gate-stack for Ge-based spin metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is investigated. First, since we use epitaxial ferromagnetic Heusler alloys on top of the phosphorous doped Ge epilayer as spin injector and detector, we need a dry etching process to form Heusler-alloy/n+-Ge Schottky-tunnel contacts. Next, to remove the Ge epilayers damaged by the dry etching process, the fabricated structures are dipped in a 0.03% diluted H2O2 solution. Finally, Al/SiO2/GeO2/Ge gate-stack structures are fabricated at 300 °C as a top gate-stack structure. As a result, the currents in the Ge-MOSFET fabricated here can be modulated by applying gate voltages even by using the low-temperature formed gate-stack structures. This low-temperature fabrication process can be utilized for operating Ge spin MOSFETs with a top gate electrode.
Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of Si sidewall surface etched by deep-reactive ion etching
Authors: Matsutani Akihiro , Nishioka Kunio , Sato Mina 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We investigated the composition of a passivation film on a sidewall etched by deep-reactive ion etching (RIE) using SF6/O2 and C4F8 plasma, by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. It was found that the compositions of carbon and fluorine in the passivation film on the etched sidewall depend on the width and depth of the etched trench. It is important to understand both the plasma behavior and the passivation film composition to carry out fabrication by deep-RIE. We consider that these results of the EDX analysis of an etched sidewall will be useful for understanding plasma behavior in order to optimize the process conditions of deep-RIE.
Posteruptive impacts of pyroclastic deposits from basaltic andesite stratovolcanoes on surface water composition
Authors: Genareau K. , Cronin S. J. , Stewart C. , Bhattacharyya S. , Donahoe R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractVolcanic ash deposition following explosive eruptions can pose significant hazards for water quality, human health, agriculture, and infrastructure functionality. Many studies have examined how fresh ash deposition may lower the pH of, and introduce a range of potentially toxic elements into, exposed surface waters. However, no study has yet determined the effects on water composition as a result of mechanical pyroclast disaggregation and production of new fresh particle surfaces and increasingly fine grained particles. Such disaggregation could result from natural posteruptive processes such as debris avalanches, lahars, or fluvial/aeolian transport and human activities such as cleanup efforts or mining of pyroclastic deposits. The posteruption time scales of pyroclast disaggregation may vary from months in moist tropical or temperate environments to years or decades in arid settings. Here we show, for the first time in experimental studies, that mechanical milling of pyroclasts will introduce a range of elements into exposed waters, including Al, which can be toxic at elevated levels, and Na, which increases the electrical conductivity of solutions. The pH of leaching solutions also increases by several log units. Such dramatic changes on the experimental scale may have implications for surface water composition in posteruptive settings, necessitating longer‐term risk assessments for ecosystem health and consideration of the role of pyroclastic deposits in element cycling in volcanically active regions.
Acceleration of groundwater remediation by deep sweeps and vortex ejections induced by rapidly pulsed pumping
Authors: Kahler David M. , Kabala Zbigniew J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOne key limiting factor to groundwater remediation is contaminant sequestered in pores whose contents do not mix well with the bulk flow. Mixing between well‐connected (pores whose volume is flushed as water flows through the aquifer) and poorly connected pores (pores whose volume does not exchange readily when water flows through the aquifer) is of primary concern. Under steady flow, contaminants are effectively trapped in the poorly connected pores and are transferred only by molecular diffusion. This slow mixing process between pore types is a bottleneck to remediation. We present a novel rapidly pulsed pumping method that increases the mixing between these pore types. We do it in the context of pump‐and‐treat remediation because it is the most common remediation practice. In rapidly pulsed pumping, the increase in flow causes a deep sweep, which pushes the flow into poorly connected pores and sweeps out sequestered contaminants. The decrease in flow causes a vortex ejection, which causes the vortex within the poorly connected pore to emerge with contaminant. These actions are modeled with computational fluid mechanics to elucidate the individual mechanisms and determine how they function and interact. Cleanup of single and multiple poorly connected pore systems were simulated and show the acceleration possible. This technique can decrease the time and cost needed to remediate contaminated aquifers, which in the United States has been estimated to exceed $1 trillion. Since our rapidly pulsed pumping method enhances mixing between well‐connected and poorly connected pores, it can be applied to other remediation schemes such as in situ methods.
High‐resolution modeling of coastal freshwater discharge and glacier mass balance in the Gulf of Alaska watershed
Authors: Beamer J. P. , Hill D. F. , Arendt A. , Liston G. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA comprehensive study of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) drainage basin was carried out to improve understanding of the coastal freshwater discharge (FWD) and glacier volume loss (GVL). Hydrologic processes during the period 1980–2014 were modeled using a suite of physically based, spatially distributed weather, energy‐balance snow/ice melt, soil water balance, and runoff routing models at a high‐resolution (1 km horizontal grid; daily time step). Meteorological forcing was provided by the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data sets. Streamflow and glacier mass balance modeled using MERRA and CFSR compared well with observations in four watersheds used for calibration in the study domain. However, only CFSR produced regional seasonal and long‐term trends in water balance that compared favorably with independent Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and airborne altimetry data. Mean annual runoff using CFSR was 760 km3 yr−1, 8% of which was derived from the long‐term removal of stored water from glaciers (glacier volume loss). The annual runoff from CFSR was partitioned into 63% snowmelt, 17% glacier ice melt, and 20% rainfall. Glacier runoff, taken as the sum of rainfall, snow, and ice melt occurring each season on glacier surfaces, was 38% of the total seasonal runoff, with the remaining runoff sourced from nonglacier surfaces. Our simulations suggests that existing GRACE solutions, previously reported to represent glacier mass balance alone, are actually measuring the full water budget of land and ice surfaces.
Premature mortality in India due to PM2.5 and ozone exposure
Authors: Ghude Sachin D. , Chate D. M. , Jena C. , Beig G. , Kumar R. , Barth M. C. , Pfister G. G. , Fadnavis S. , Pithani Prakash 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis bottom‐up modeling study, supported by new population census 2011 data, simulates ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on local to regional scales. It quantifies, present‐day premature mortalities associated with the exposure to near‐surface PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in India using a regional chemistry model. We estimate that PM2.5 exposure leads to about 570,000 (CI95: 320,000–730,000) premature mortalities in 2011. On a national scale, our estimate of mortality by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to O3 exposure is about 12,000 people. The Indo‐Gangetic region accounts for a large part (~42%) of the estimated mortalities. The associated lost life expectancy is calculated as 3.4 ± 1.1 years for all of India with highest values found for Delhi (6.3 ± 2.2 years). The economic cost of estimated premature mortalities associated with PM2.5 and O3 exposure is about 640 (350–800) billion USD in 2011, which is a factor of 10 higher than total expenditure on health by public and private expenditure.
“It's the Way That You Do It”: Developing an Ethical Framework for Community Psychology Research and Action
Authors: Campbell Rebecca 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the 50 years since the 1965 Swampscott conference, the field of community psychology has not yet developed a well‐articulated ethical framework to guide research and practice. This paper reviews what constitutes an “ethical framework”; considers where the field of community psychology is at in its development of a comprehensive ethical framework; examines sources for ethical guidance (i.e., ethical principles and standards) across multiple disciplines, including psychology, evaluation, sociology, and anthropology; and recommends strategies for developing a rich written discourse on how community psychology researchers and practitioners can address ethical conflicts in our work.