bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Temperature Dielectric Materials from Atomically-Thin Perovskites
Authors: Osada Minoru , Sasaki Takayoshi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The search of new electronic materials for high-temperature applications has been a significant challenge in recent years. In automotive industries, for example, cutting-edge technology requires electronic components operable at high temperatures (&gt; 200 °C). The absence of suitable capacitors is one of the major barriers to meet this goal. Here we provide a solution to these issues by using an atomically-thin perovskite nanosheet (Ca2Nb3O10), a two-dimensional material derived from the exfoliation of a layered compound. Through in-situ characterizations, we found a robust thermal stability of Ca2Nb3O10 nanosheet even in a monolayer form (~ 2 nm). Furthermore, layer-by-layer assembled nanocapacitors retained both size-free high-εr characteristic and high insulation resistance at high temperatures up to 250 °C. The simultaneous improvement of εr and thermal stability in high-k nanodielectrics is of critical technological importance for the use of high-temperature capacitors.
Seasonal changes in optical properties of two contrasting tropical freshwater systems
Authors: Brandão Luciana P.M. , Staehr Peter A. , Bezerra-Neto José F. 
Published: May 2016

<p>We investigated how allochthonous and autochthonous sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) affected the optical conditions and chemical characteristics of two contrasting tropical freshwater systems (Dom Helvécio-DH and Pampulha reservoir) in a dry and rainy period in 2013. We analyzed PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) and UV (ultraviolet) attenuation coefficients, nutrients, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), dissolved organic matter (DOC) and spectral characteristics of CDOM (colored dissolved organic matter). Significant differences in CDOM sources and quantity were observed, with a dominantly terrestrial input in DH during the rainy period with approximately 50% higher DOC and Chl-a levels, and a doubling in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) compared to the dry winter period. The eutrophic Pampulha had several fold higher levels of DOC, Chl-a, TN and TP, with organic matter of mostly originating from phytoplankton in both seasons. Differences in source and quantity had strong implications on water transparency, DOC concentrations, CDOM quality and its susceptibility to photo- and biodegradation. DH was several fold clearer in both the UV and PAR spectrum. In DH transparency to both UV and PAR radiation was highest during the summer, suggesting elevated photo- and biodegradation during stratification. Pampulha was most transparent in the dry period even during period of algal bloom. In both systems we observed seasonal variations in concentrations of nutrients and Chl-a, and in DH differences were also found in DOC concentrations as well as the specific UV absorbance (SUVA<sub>254</sub>) and molecular size (M). Our results documents that different sources of DOM and seasonal inputs reflect in the seasonality of apparent and inherent optical properties and nutrients availability with implications for water quality and aquatic community. </p>
Outcomes of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer with integration of metronomic chemotherapy: An Indian rural cancer centre experience
Authors: Pandey Avinash , Abhay Desai , Sunny Jandyal , Vikas Ostwal , Vijay Patil , Rajeshri Kulkarni , Netaji Patil , Sudeep Gupta , Banavali Shripad D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background: Paclitaxel-platinum and optimal cytoreductive surgery are the standard of care for ovarian carcinoma. Poor socioeconomic profile and therapeutic constraints in rural India poses a therapeutic challenge. Aim: To evaluate outcomes of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Objectives: To calculate disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and factors affecting outcomes. Materials and Methods: Data of patients diagnosed as ovarian carcinoma registered between March 2009 and March 2014 were retrieved. Demographic profile, chemotherapy and response, surgery, and disease progression were collected. Patients who underwent surgery or completed three cycles of chemotherapy were selected. Kaplan-Meir survival was used to determine disease-free and OS. Log-rank test used to evaluate factors affecting outcome. Results: Median follow-up is 26 months. 93/102 patients (91%) underwent cytoreductive surgery, of which 37 had primary cytoreduction (40%) while 56 had interval cytoreduction. 21/93 (23%), 57/93 (61%), and 15/93 (16%) patients were operated by local surgeons, surgeons of our hospital, and trained oncosurgeons, respectively. Induction paclitaxel-platinum was used in 35/63 (56%) patients while 28/63 patients (44%) received neoadjuvant metronomic chemotherapy. Median DFS and OS are 17 and 54 months respectively while 3 year OS of 66%. Median DFS of patients operated by oncosurgeons versus local surgeons were 22 months versus 15 months (P = 0.01), OS was 54 versus 26 months (P = 0.01).40/88 (45%) patients received maintenance metronomic therapy after adjuvant chemotherapy with median of 6 months (range 2-18 months). Patients receiving metronomic maintenance had better DFS, 18 months versus 15 months (P = 0.69). Conclusion: Induction therapy in ovarian carcinoma helps in selecting patients for cytoreductive surgery. Outcomes are better if operated by trained oncosurgeons. Maintenance metronomic has potential to delay disease progression.
Tolerance of weekly metronomic paclitaxel and carboplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer patients who are unlikely to tolerate 3 weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin
Authors: Dessai S. B. , Chakraborty S. , Babu T. V.S. , Nayanar S. , Bhattacharjee A. , Jones J. , Balasubramanian S. , Patil Vijay M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Objective: There are little data regarding safety and effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients who are considered unfit for receiving 3 weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin. The aim of this study was to examine the toxicity and response rates of weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin as NACT in such cohort of patients. Methods: Study population included advanced ovarian cancer patients who were unlikely to tolerate 3 weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin and hence received weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m 2) and carboplatin AUC-2 as NACT. The data regarding the baseline characteristics, chemotherapy tolerance, completion rates, toxicity (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.02), and radiological response rates are presented. SPSS version 16 was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics is presented. Results: Eleven patients received this schedule. Nine patients completed nine cycles of NACT. Except one, all patients completed NACT with an average relative dose intensity of >0.8. There was no chemotherapy-related mortality. Grade 3-4 life-threatening complications were seen in two patients. The post NACT response rate was 100%. Conclusions: Weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy is safe and efficacious in patients who are unsuitable for 3 weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy schedules.
Some Properties of Triebel–Lizorkin and Besov Spaces Associated with Zygmund Dilations
Authors: Liao Fanghui , Liu Zongguang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, using Calderón’s reproducing formula and almost orthogonality estimates, we prove the lifting property and the embedding theorem of the Triebel–Lizorkin and Besov spaces associated with Zygmund dilations.
Trends in High-Value Care as Reported by Internal Medicine Program Directors
Authors: Korenstein Deborah , Weissman Arlene , Smith Cynthia D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

The value of care, defined as the relationship of cost, harm, and benefit, has garnered increased focus in recent years. Program directors (PDs) can provide information about resident skill and institutional priorities related to high-value care.Background

The objective of the study was to evaluate changes between 2012 and 2014 in PD-reported resident skills and institutional priorities related to high-value care.Objective

We performed annual surveys of US internal medicine PDs from 2012–2014 and evaluated responses to identical questions related to high care value. The survey was developed by the American College of Physicians and the Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine.Methods

Response rates were 235 of 378 (62.2%) in 2012, 213 of 380 (56.1%) in 2013, and 215 of 391 (54.9%) in 2014. The majority of PDs reported that balancing benefits, harms, and costs was (1) a teaching priority; (2) the subject of didactics; (3) discussed by residents; and (4) emphasized by institutional leadership. Approximately one-third reported that unnecessary ordering occurred most or all the time, with no changes in the survey period. When asked about resident ordering compared to 3 years ago, 42.5% (88 of 207) of PDs reported residents ordering fewer unnecessary tests most or all the time in 2014, compared to 28.1% (63 of 224) in 2012 (P = .002).Results

Internal medicine PDs reported high levels of institutional interest in and teaching of care value between 2012 and 2014, but responses for later years suggest improvement in trainees avoiding unnecessary testing.Conclusions
Denver County Clostridium difficile Trends and Associated Risk Factors 2011-2013
Authors: Oberste Anna D. , DeYoung Kathryn H. , Johnston Helen , Gravitz Stephanie , McCormick Emily , Davidson Arthur 
Published: May 2016

A retrospective chart review studied 892 Denver Clostridium difficile cases from 2011 through 2013 with incident stool specimen reported to the state health department. Cases were stratified by epidemiologic classification (HFCO, CO-HCFA or CO-CA) and analyzed for associations with demographic and risk factors.Denver CDI incidence rate increased from 129/100,000 residents in 2011 to 139/100,000 residents in 2013. During the study period, the presence of underlying morbidities and antibiotic exposure increased in all onset types.
Performed Authenticity: Narrating the Self in the Comic Monologues of David Sedaris, John Leguizamo, and Spalding Gray
Authors: Chirico Miriam 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT:
Stand-up comedy and comic monologues involve a paradox: the performers convey authenticity even while staging a performance. By juggling multiple selves during the act, the monologist appears authentic not only because of the autobiographical premise commonly invoked in the genre, but also because of the implication that a truer self will emerge from behind the public façade. This article tracks how three dissimilar monologists—David Sedaris, John Leguizamo, and Spalding Gray—comically contrast their performed and authentic identities. The comedic devices used, such as status-changing humor, mimicry, or ironic distancing, convey the impression that beneath the monologist's performance self lies a latent self that resonates affectively with the audience. All three monologists play with this dualistic self by constructing a public mask that breaks the moment an authentic self is revealed.
Detection of Synthetic Drugs as Adulterants in Natural and Herbal Slimming Products by LC-ESI-MS/MS with Polarity Switching
Authors: Wilson Phyllis , Masse Claude 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an LC-tandem MS method for the simultaneous detection of common synthetic drugs as adulterants in natural and herbal slimming products. Sixteen drugs belonging to a wide range of pharmaceutical classes were studied. Included in the list of drugs were anorexics, anxiolytics, antidepressants, diuretics, laxatives, and stimulants. The method used a C18 column (4.6 × 50 mm and 1.8 μm particle size). Separation of the drugs was achieved by gradient elution using 4 mM ammonium formate in water + 0.1% formic acid as the aqueous component and 4 mM ammonium formate in methanol + 0.1% formic as the organic component of the mobile phase. As not all of the analytes ionized in the positive mode, the mass spectrometer was operated in the electrospray ionization mode with polarity switching. The samples were extracted with methanol and the use of 50% acetonitrile in water and 50% methanol in water were investigated as diluents for injection into the LC-MS system. Utilizing both diluents, the validation parameters including accuracy, precision, LOD, and LOQ were assessed. The validation results and utilization of the method to analyze a variety of weight-loss supplements indicate that the two diluents give similar results and can be used interchangeably. This knowledge provides the user with the option of selecting either diluent for sample preparation depending on the sample matrix without having to revalidate the method. The method was applied to the analysis of weight-loss supplements available in local pharmacies, herbal pharmacies, and over the Internet.
Intra- and interspecific shell variability of the genus Urocythereis Ruggieri, 1950 (Ostracoda: Hemicytheridae) in the La Strea Bay (Ionian Sea, Italy)
Authors: Aiello Giuseppe , Barra Diana , Parisi Roberta 
Published: May 2016

The variability of the reticulum pattern, ornamentation and outline of the Urocythereis populations of the La Strea Bay is analysed. The results show that the shell features of the form U. distinguenda (Neviani, 1928) (= U. oblonga Brady, 1866) have to be included within the high variability range of U. margaritifera (G.W. Müller, 1894). Consequently, it is suggested that in the upper infralittoral waters of the inlet two (and not three, as stated in previous investigations) species of the genus Urocythereis presently live. A second form, displaying a relatively low variability, is described as a new species, U. ilariae sp. nov.
Mitochondrial aerobic respiration is activated during hair follicle stem cell differentiation, and its dysfunction retards hair regeneration
Authors: Tang Yan , Luo Binping , Deng Zhili , Wang Ben , Liu Fangfen , Li Jinmao , Shi Wei , Xie Hongfu , Hu Xingwang , Li Ji 
Published: May 2016

Background.Emerging research revealed the essential role of mitochondria in regulating stem/progenitor cell differentiation of neural progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells and other stem cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS), Notch or other signaling pathway. Inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis results in hair loss upon injury. However, alteration of mitochondrial morphology and metabolic function during hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) differentiation and how they affect hair regeneration has not been elaborated upon.Methods.We compared the difference in mitochondrial morphology and activity between telogen bulge cells and anagen matrix cells. Expression levels of mitochondrial ROS and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were measured to evaluate redox balance. In addition, the level of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) were estimated to present the change in energetic metabolism during differentiation. To explore the effect of the mitochondrial metabolism on regulating hair regeneration, hair growth was observed after application of a mitochondrial respiratory inhibitor upon hair plucking.Results.During HFSCs differentiation, mitochondria became elongated with more abundant organized cristae and showed higher activity in differentiated cells. SOD2 was enhanced for redox balance with relatively stable ROS levels in differentiated cells. PDK increased in HFSCs while differentiated cells showed enhanced PDH, indicating that respiration switched from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation during differentiation. Inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in differentiated hair follicle cells upon hair plucking repressed hair regenerationin vivo.Conclusions.Upon HFSCs differentiation, mitochondria are elongated with more abundant cristae and show higher activity, accompanying with activated aerobic respiration in differentiated cells for higher energy supply. Also, dysfunction of mitochondrial respiration delays hair regeneration upon injury.
The complementary role of SMOS sea surface salinity observations for estimating global ocean salinity state
Authors: Lu Zeting , Cheng Lijing , Zhu Jiang , Lin Renping 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSalinity is a key ocean state property, changes in which reveal the variation of the water cycle and the ocean thermohaline circulation. However, prior to this century, in situ salinity observations were extremely sparse, which decreased the reliability of simulations of ocean general circulation by ocean and climate models. In 2009, sea surface salinity (SSS) observations covered the global ocean via the European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, and several versions of global SSS products were subsequently released. How can these data benefit model performance? Previous studies found contradictory results. In this work, we assimilated SMOS‐SSS data into the LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model (LICOM) using the Ensemble Optimum Interpolation (EnOI) assimilation scheme. To assess and quantify the contribution of SMOS‐SSS data to model performance, several tests were conducted. The results indicate that the CECOS/CATDS 2010.V02 SMOS‐SSS product can significantly improve model simulations of sea surface/subsurface salinity fields. This study provides the basis for the future assimilation of SMOS‐SSS data for short‐range climate forecasting.
How does subgrid‐scale parametrization influence nonlinear spectral energy fluxes in global NWP models?
Authors: Malardel Sylvie , Wedi Nils P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe paper examines horizontal wind variance (kinetic energy spectra) and available potential energy spectra in simulations conducted with a state‐of‐the‐art global numerical weather prediction (NWP) model: the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. The formulation of the spectral energy budget of the atmosphere by Augier and Lindborg (2013) is used to illustrate how the nonlinear spectral fluxes differ for a hierarchy of reduced models, adiabatic dynamical core, Held‐Suarez dry, and idealized moist aquaplanet simulations, compared to NWP simulations with full complexity. The results identify surface drag and momentum vertical mixing as the key processes for influencing the transfer of energy in a stratified atmosphere. Moreover, the circulation generated by topography plays a significant role in these transfers. Given that subgrid‐scale vertical mixing is parametrized, and that the treatment of orography filtering varies vastly between NWP models, the magnitude and scale of the nonlinear interactions can differ substantially from model to model, and depends on the choices made for the physical parametrizations. The need to appropriately parametrize the essential influence of subgrid‐scale processes in global NWP and climate simulations has the effect that the physical energy cascade is replaced by a parametrized energy transfer. This explains the seeming failure of the IFS to produce a shallower mesoscale energy spectrum. In contrast, neither the horizontal filtering, typically applied in NWP models to avoid a spectral blocking at the smallest scales, nor implicit numerical dissipation significantly constrain, at sufficiently high resolution, the nonlinear interactions or the dominant slope of the energy spectra at synoptic and mesoscales.
Three‐dimensional modeling of the mixing state of particles over Greater Paris
Authors: Zhu Shupeng , Sartelet Karine , Zhang Yang , Nenes Athanasios 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA size‐composition resolved aerosol model (SCRAM) is coupled to the Polyphemus air quality platform and evaluated over Greater Paris. SCRAM simulates the particle mixing state and solves the aerosol dynamic evolution taking into account the processes of coagulation, condensation/evaporation, and nucleation. Both the size and mass fractions of chemical components of particles are discretized. The performance of SCRAM to model air quality over Greater Paris is evaluated by comparison to PM2.5, PM10, and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) measurements. Because air quality models usually assume that particles are internally mixed, the impact of the mixing state on aerosols formation, composition, optical properties, and their ability to be activated as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is investigated. The simulation results show that more than half (up to 80% during rush hours) of black carbon particles are barely mixed at the urban site of Paris, while they are more mixed with organic species at a rural site. The comparisons between the internal‐mixing simulation and the mixing state‐resolved simulation show that the internal‐mixing assumption leads to lower nitrate and higher ammonium concentrations in the particulate phase. Moreover, the internal‐mixing assumption leads to lower single scattering albedo, and the difference of aerosol optical depth caused by the mixing state assumption can be as high as 72.5%. Furthermore, the internal‐mixing assumption leads to lower CCN activation percentage at low supersaturation, but higher CCN activation percentage at high supersaturation.
Statistical bias and variance for the regularized inverse problem: Application to space‐based atmospheric CO2 retrievals
Authors: Cressie N. , Wang R. , Smyth M. , Miller C. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRemote sensing of the atmosphere is typically achieved through measurements that are high‐resolution radiance spectra. In this article, our goal is to characterize the first‐moment and second‐moment properties of the errors obtained when solving the regularized inverse problem associated with space‐based atmospheric CO2 retrievals, specifically for the dry air mole fraction of CO2 in a column of the atmosphere. The problem of estimating (or retrieving) state variables is usually ill posed, leading to a solution based on regularization that is often called Optimal Estimation (OE). The difference between the estimated state and the true state is defined to be the retrieval error; error analysis for OE uses a linear approximation to the forward model, resulting in a calculation where the first moment of the retrieval error (the bias) is identically zero. This is inherently unrealistic and not seen in real or simulated retrievals. Nonzero bias is expected since the forward model of radiative transfer is strongly nonlinear in the atmospheric state. In this article, we extend and improve OE's error analysis based on a first‐order, multivariate Taylor series expansion, by inducing the second‐order terms in the expansion. Specifically, we approximate the bias through the second derivative of the forward model, which results in a formula involving the Hessian array. We propose a stable estimate of it, from which we obtain a second‐order expression for the bias and the mean square prediction error of the retrieval.