bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culture in Collaborative Remembering
Authors: Wang Qi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This chapter outlines a cultural dynamic model of the constructive process of cultural influences on collaborative remembering. The text applies the model to analyze two kinds of collaborative remembering: one takes place in the most intimate and immediate social context of family where parents and children share memories together; the other takes place in a remote, metaphysical space where autobiographical writers tell their stories to a potentially infinite and yet anonymous audience. The analysis illuminates the dynamic process in which culture shapes the function and accessibility and, further, the style and content of collaborative remembering of personal and vicarious experiences. The consequences of different modes of collaborative remembering for personal memory are then further discussed.
Forensic Applications of Social Memory Research
Authors: Paterson Helen , Monds Lauren 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Within the legal system an assumption exists that witness testimonies should be independent of one another; however the evidence suggests that this is frequently not the case. Witnesses commonly discuss the event with each other. It is important to determine the effects of cowitness information on the validity of eyewitness testimony. It is generally recognized that discussion between witnesses can be detrimental; the possibility of false information (or information that the participant never saw) entering recall is a key concern. We review the prevalence of cowitness discussion, legal opinions about cowitness discussion, and finally experimental research investigating the effects of discussion on eyewitness memory. We also provide some suggestions of how to prevent cowitness discussion and contamination of testimony.
Collaborative Remembering in Dementia: A Focus on Joint Activities
Authors: Hydén Lars-Christer , Forsblad Mattias 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this chapter we consider collaborative remembering and joint activates in everyday life in the case of people living with dementia. First, we review past research of practices that scaffolds the participation of persons with dementia in everyday chores under different stages of dementia diseases. We do so by suggesting three analytical types of scaffolding: when the scaffolding practices (i) frame the activity, (ii) guide actions, or (iii) are part of repair activities. Second, we review two aspects of collaborative remembering that are especially important in the case of dementia: training of scaffolding practices, and the sustaining and presentation of identities through collaborative storytelling. Finally, theoretical and methodological tendencies of the research field are summarized and future research needs are formulated.
Instrumental Aspects
Authors: Wigmans Richard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis chapter deals with the practical aspects of designing, building and operating calorimeters. These aspects concern the structure of the detector (longitudinal and lateral segmentation, projective towers, hermeticity of 4π devices), the readout of calorimeters based on detection of either light or charge signals, the operation in a magnetic field or at high luminosity, and the effects of radiation damage and how to deal with these. Also discussed are procedures for handling the signals, and using these to create triggers that may be used to select events of interest. Auxiliary equipment that may make such triggers more selective (preshower detectors, shower max detectors, etc.) is described as well.
The main reef builders and space occupiers
Authors: Sheppard Charles R. C. , Davy Simon K. , Pilling Graham M. , Graham Nicholas A. J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCorals are the main reef builders on tropical reefs. They make their own substrate, much of which remains as consolidated rock, the remainder becoming broken down to form extensive sediment beds. Soft corals, sea fans and sponges are other major occupiers of substrate but deposit only minimal quantities of rock. All are important ecological components of coral reefs, although the greatest biodiversity of macrofauna are found amongst the fish, cryptic invertebrates and microorganisms. Amongst the algae, the microalgae symbiotic with corals are of key importance in the nutrition of the reef, but macroalgae are generally scarce on healthy reefs, partly due to grazing. Some algae generate large quantities of limestone and assist in reef construction. Growth and reduction by bioerosion are generally closely balanced in a healthy reef, and reef growth depends, of course, on growth exceeding erosion by a small margin.
Early activation of the p42/p44MAPK pathway mediates adenosine‐induced nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells: a novel calcium‐insensitive mechanism
Authors: Wyatt Amanda W. , Steinert Joern R. , Wheeler‐Jones Caroline P. D. , Morgan Anthony J. , Sugden David , Pearson Jeremy D. , Sobrevia Luis , Mann Giovanni E. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAdenosine is released from the myocardium, endothelial cells, and skeletal muscle in ischemia and is an important regulator of coronary blood flow. We have already shown that acute (2 min) activation of A2a purinoceptors stimulates NO production in human fetal umbilical vein endothelial cells (1) and now report a key role for p42/p44 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (p42/p44MAPK) in the regulation of the L‐arginine‐nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway. Expression of mRNA for the A2a‐, A2b‐, and A3‐adenosine receptor subtypes was abundant whereas A1‐adenosine receptor mRNA levels were negligible. Activation of A2a purinoceptors by adenosine (10 fM) or the A2a receptor agonist CGS21680 (100 nM) resulted in an increase in L‐arginine transport and NO release that was not mediated by changes in intracellular Ca2+, pH, or cAMP. Stimulation of endothelial cells with adenosine was associated with a membrane hyperpolarization and phosphorylation of p42/p44MAPK. L‐NAME abolished the adenosine‐induced hyperpolarization and stimulation of L‐arginine transport whereas sodium nitroprusside activated an outward potassium current. Genistein (10 fM) and PD98059 (10 fM), an inhibitor of MAPK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), inhibited adenosine‐stimulated L‐arginine transport, NO production, and phosphorylation of p42/p44MAPK. We found no evidence for activation of eNOS via the serine/threonine kinase Akt/ PKB (protein kinase B) in adenosine‐stimulated cells. Our results provide the first evidence that adenosine stimulates the endothelial cell L‐arginine‐NO pathway in aCa2+‐insensitive manner involving p42/p44MAPK, with release of NO leading to a membrane hyperpolarization and activation of L‐arginine transport.—Wyatt, A. W., Steinert, J. R., Wheeler‐Jones, C. P. D., Morgan, A. J., Sugden, D., Pearson, J. D., Sobrevia, L., Mann, G. E. Early activation of the p42/p44MAPK pathway mediates adenosine‐induced nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells: a novel calcium‐insensitive mechanism. FASEB J. 16, 1584–1594 (2002)
Hypoperfusion and Wound Healing: Another Dimension of Wound Assessment
Authors: Smollock Wendy , Montenegro Paul , Czenis Amy , He Yuan 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the correlation between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and wound healing indices and describe an analytical process that can be used accurately and prospectively when evaluating all types of skin ulcerations.

METHODS:
A correlational study in a long-term-care facility.
Participants (N = 230) were adults residing in a long-term-care facility with an average age of 77.8 years (range, 35–105).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Assessment through both an index of wound healing and wound surface area. Signs of wound healing included a reduction of surface area and surface necrosis and increased granulation or epithelialization.

RESULTS:
Aggregate analyses for all wound locations revealed a positive correlation between the MAP and index of wound healing (r = 0.86, n = 501, P < .0001). A well-defined positive correlation between the MAP and stalled or poor wound healing was noted for all wound locations in this data set when MAP values were 80 mm Hg or less (r = 0.95, n = 141, P < .0001). Further, the data set of truncal wounds and MAP of less than 80 mm Hg yielded a very strong positive correlation. The data indicated that as perfusion decreased, wounds within the sample population declined (r = 0.93, n = 102, P < .0001).

CONCLUSION:
The data suggest that MAP values less than 80 mm Hg can independently result in stalled wound healing or worsened wounds. A predictability of wounds stalling or declining related to the MAP was observed, regardless of topical treatment or standard-of-care interventions. Therefore, the data also suggest that remediating states of low perfusion should take precedence in making treatment decisions.
Dexmedetomidine Impairs Diaphragm Function and Increases Oxidative Stress but Does Not Aggravate Diaphragmatic Atrophy in Mechanically Ventilated Rats
Authors: Breuer Thomas , Bleilevens Christian , Rossaint Rolf , Marx Gernot , Gehrenkemper Julian , Dierksen Henning , Delpierre Antoine , Weis Joachim , Gayan-Ramirez Ghislaine , Bruells Christian S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Anesthetics in ventilated patients are critical as any cofactor hampering diaphragmatic function may have a negative impact on the weaning progress and therefore on patients’ mortality. Dexmedetomidine may display antioxidant and antiproteolytic properties, but it also reduced glucose uptake by the muscle, which may impair diaphragm force production. This study tested the hypothesis that dexmedetomidine could inhibit ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction.

Methods
Twenty-four rats were separated into three groups (n = 8/group). Two groups were mechanically ventilated during either dexmedetomidine or pentobarbital exposure for 24 h, referred to as interventional groups. A third group of directly euthanized rats served as control. Force generation, fiber dimensions, proteolysis markers, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, calcium homeostasis markers, and glucose transporter–4 (Glut-4) translocation were measured in the diaphragm.

Results
Diaphragm force, corrected for cross-sectional area, was significantly decreased in both interventional groups compared to controls and was significantly lower with dexmedetomidine compared to pentobarbital (e.g., 100 Hz: –18%, P < 0.0001). In contrast to pentobarbital, dexmedetomidine did not lead to diaphragmatic atrophy, but it induced more protein oxidation (200% vs. 73% in pentobarbital, P = 0.0015), induced less upregulation of muscle atrophy F-box (149% vs. 374% in pentobarbital, P < 0.001) and impaired Glut-4 translocation (–73%, P < 0.0005). It activated autophagy, the calcium-dependent proteases, and caused lipid peroxidation similarly to pentobarbital.

Conclusions
Twenty-four hours of mechanical ventilation during dexmedetomidine sedation led to a worsening of ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction, possibly through impaired Glut-4 translocation. Although dexmedetomidine prevented diaphragmatic fiber atrophy, it did not inhibit oxidative stress and activation of the proteolytic pathways.
Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index on Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Butwick Alexander J. , Abreo Anisha , Bateman Brian T. , Lee Henry C. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Stephansson Olof , Flood Pamela 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
It is unclear whether obesity is a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage. The authors hypothesized that obese women are at greater risk of hemorrhage than women with a normal body mass index.

Methods
The authors conducted a cohort study of women who underwent delivery hospitalization in California between 2008 and 2012. Using multilevel regression, the authors examined the relationships between body mass index with hemorrhage (primary outcome), atonic hemorrhage, and severe hemorrhage (secondary outcomes). Stratified analyses were performed according to delivery mode.

Results
The absolute event rate for hemorrhage was 60,604/2,176,673 (2.8%). In this cohort, 4% of women were underweight, 49.1% of women were normal body mass index, 25.9% of women were overweight, and 12.7%, 5.2%, and 3.1% of women were in obesity class I, II, and III, respectively. Compared to normal body mass index women, the odds of hemorrhage and atonic hemorrhage were modestly increased for overweight women (hemorrhage: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.06; 99% CI, 1.04 to 1.08; atonic hemorrhage: aOR, 1.07; 99% CI, 1.05 to 1.09) and obesity class I (hemorrhage: aOR, 1.08; 99% CI, 1.05 to 1.11; atonic hemorrhage; aOR, 1.11; 99% CI, 1.08 to 1.15). After vaginal delivery, overweight and obese women had up to 19% increased odds of hemorrhage or atonic hemorrhage; whereas, after cesarean delivery, women in any obesity class had up to 14% decreased odds of severe hemorrhage.

Conclusions
The authors’ findings suggest that, at most, maternal obesity has a modest effect on hemorrhage risk. The direction of the association between hemorrhage and body mass index may differ by delivery mode.
Behavioral Health Training in Pediatric Residency Programs: A National Survey of Training Directors
Authors: Shahidullah Jeffrey D. , Kettlewell Paul W. , Palejwala Mohammed H. , Forman Susan G. , Billups Andrew , Anismatta Stephanie L. , Madsen Benjamin 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To identify perceptions of behavioral health (BH) training in pediatric residency programs, the degree of involvement from behavioral health providers (BHPs), and opportunities for and barriers to innovation in training.

Method:
A tailored design methodology was used to target all pediatric residency program directors in the United States (N = 214). Participants were identified from the Electronic Residency Application Service website of the Association of American Medical Colleges and were asked to complete a 22-item item survey on BH training.

Results:
A 69.2% usable response rate (N = 148) was obtained. A total of 62.8% of directors described training in the developmental-behavioral pediatrics (DBP) rotation as optimal; 36% described BH training in the residency program as a whole (i.e., outside the DBP rotation) as optimal. Only 20.3% described “common factors” training as optimal, and the quality of training in this area was positively and significantly related to the quality of BH training in the residency program as a whole (χ2 = 35.05, p < 0.001). The quality of common factors training was significantly higher in programs that had embedded BHPs (i.e., psychologists and social workers) in the continuity clinic than programs that did not (χ2 = 7.65, p = 0.04). Barriers to quality training included instructional content, instructional methods, stakeholder support, and resources.

Conclusion:
Despite substantial improvement in residency training in BH over the last decade, additional improvement is needed. Barriers to continued improvement include training content, training methods, support from faculty and administrator stakeholders, and resource issues. Strategies derived from implementation science have the potential to address these barriers.
High Inflammatory Infiltrate Correlates With Poor Symptomatic Improvement After Surgical Treatment for Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Zoroquiain Pablo , Sanft Debra-Meghan , Esposito Evangelina , Cheema Devinder , Dias Ana Beatriz , Burnier Miguel N. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK) is a chronic and recurrent condition of unknown etiology. It is often managed conservatively, but there is a high rate of success with surgical management for severe or recalcitrant cases. The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze clinicopathological features of patients with SLK who underwent surgical treatment and their association with the clinical outcome.

Methods:
A total of 22 eyes from 18 patients who underwent surgical SLK management were retrospectively analyzed. Clinicopathological data were collected including details of follow-up and patient satisfaction (n = 15). Moreover, 12 cases had specimens available for review of histopathologic findings and COX-2 expression analysis by immunohistochemistry.

Results:
From a clinical perspective, 66.7% of the SLK eyes had nonmechanical factors contributing to SLK, and 66.7% of eyes demonstrated significant symptomatic improvement after surgery. Histopathological analysis of all the lesions showed acanthosis and goblet cell loss. Unexpectedly, in 93% of the eyes, dilated lymphatic vessels were found. Furthermore, a high inflammatory infiltrate correlated with minimal symptomatic improvements (P = 0.013). Moreover, COX-2 expression was higher in patients with SLK than in a normal conjunctiva (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
In this study, the most common systemic association with SLK was the patient's autoimmune status. Histopathological evaluation revealed that high inflammatory infiltration in the biopsy might be predictive of minimal symptomatic improvement with surgical management. Finally, the higher COX-2 expression in patients with SLK compared with that in individuals with a normal conjunctiva supports the use of anti-COX-2 drugs as a possible therapeutic target.
Association Between Cotinine-verified Smoking Status and Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia
Authors: Kim Nam Hee , Jung Yoon Suk , Yang Hyo-Joon , Park Soo-Kyung , Park Jung Ho , Park Dong Il , Sohn Chong Il 
Published: January 2018

Goals:
We evaluated the association of urinary cotinine-verified smoking status with the risk of colorectal neoplasia (CRN).

Background:
Many studies have reported the association between the risk of CRN and smoking status, based on self-reported questionnaires. Although self-reported smoking status may be inaccurate, to our knowledge, no study has yet assessed the association between objective biomarkers of tobacco exposure and the risk of CRN.

Study:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 96,806 asymptomatic examinees who underwent colonoscopy and urinary cotinine measurements as part of a health check-up. Cotinine-verified current smokers were participants having a urinary cotinine level ≥50 ng/mL.

Results:
The mean participant age was 38.4 years, and the proportion of cotinine-verified current smokers was 23.0%. Cotinine-verified current smoking was an independent risk factor for CRN [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.42-1.56] and advanced CRN (ACRN) (AOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.57-2.05). Moreover, the risk of CRN and ACRN increased with increasing cotinine levels. Among self-reported never smokers, cotinine-verified current smokers had a higher risk of CRN (AOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.57-2.00) and ACRN (AOR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.37-2.74) than cotinine-verified never smokers did, whereas among self-reported current smokers, cotinine-verified never smokers had a lower risk of CRN (AOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70-0.87) and ACRN (AOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52-0.98) than cotinine-verified current smokers did.

Conclusions:
Cotinine-captured smoking status and metabolic variation exhibit associations with CRN more accurately and objectively than self-reporting does, providing clearer evidence for the role of tobacco in the development of CRN.
A Teenager With Acute Anterograde Amnesia
Authors: Hoffmann Jennifer A. , Goldman Michael P. , Bachur Richard G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIsolated amnesia is an uncommon presenting complaint in the pediatric age group. We report the case of an 18-year-old woman who presented with the acute onset of memory difficulty and an otherwise normal neurologic examination. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated inflammation in the bilateral temporal lobes. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid testing ultimately revealed a diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Although rare, the acute onset of isolated amnesia deserves a prompt, comprehensive evaluation.
The Four Corners Sign
Authors: Walkoff Lara , White Darin B. , Chung Jonathan H. , Asante Dennis , Cox Christian W. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
Differentiating between systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is important because of the differences in workup, prognosis, and treatment. However, there is much overlap in the appearance of these 2 entities on high-resolution computed tomography. We propose that inflammation and/or fibrosis focally or disproportionately involving the bilateral anterolateral upper lobes and posterosuperior lower lobes [“Four Corners” Sign (FCS)] is specific for SSc-ILD.

Materials and Methods:
Randomized high-resolution computed tomography studies from 74 IPF and 73 SSc-ILD cases were evaluated by 2 thoracic radiologists blinded to all patient data. For each case the reviewers noted whether the FCS was present and assigned a confidence level on the basis of a 7-point Likert scale. The same process was then performed on a randomized external validation group of 42 SSc-ILD and 42 IPF cases.

Results:
For Likert scores of 6 or 7 (“mostly agree” or “entirely agree” that the FCS is present, respectively) the sensitivity in SSc was 16.4% (95% confidence interval, 9.7%, 26.6%), specificity 100.0% (95% confidence interval, 95.1%, 100.0%). There was a significant association between a confidently present FCS and SSc compared with a confidently present FCS and IPF (P=0.0003). Analysis on an external validation group of 42 SSc and 42 IPF cases conferred similarly high specificity for SSc in cases characterized as FCS with high confidence.

Conclusion:
The FCS, a pattern of focal or disproportionate inflammation and/or fibrosis involving the bilateral anterolateral upper lobes and posterosuperior lower lobes, is specific for SSc-ILD when readers are confident of its presence.
Sonography of the Cecum
Authors: Jeffrey R. Brooke , Wentland Andrew L. , Olcott Eric W. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Sonography of the cecum has come of age largely as a consequence of the successful evolution of appendiceal sonography as a useful tool in the evaluation of patients with right lower-quadrant pain. At some medical centers, graded-compression sonography (GCS) has become the initial imaging study of choice in the assessment of these individuals. The cecum serves as a helpful anatomic landmark for localization of the appendix in these examinations—providing a sonographic starting point in the search for the appendix. During GCS, primary pathology within the cecum itself can become evident, including a variety of processes, such as infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic disorders, whose presentations commonly mimic that of appendicitis. The accurate diagnosis of cecal abnormalities and their differentiation from acute appendicitis play valuable roles in the management of affected patients because the options for further workup and subsequent treatment vary greatly according to the diagnosis at hand. Additionally, the compressed cecum often becomes an acoustic window into the right lower quadrant, revealing pathology apart from the appendix within the right iliac fossa. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to highlight the importance and value of performing a careful evaluation of the cecum during GCS of patients with suspected appendicitis and to review the differential diagnosis and imaging findings of primary cecal abnormalities whose clinical presentations can mimic that of acute appendicitis.