bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
19th-century and early 20th-century jaundice outbreaks, the USA
Authors: TEO C. G. 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYHistorical enquiry into diseases with morbidity or mortality predilections for particular demographic groups can permit clarification of their emergence, endemicity, and epidemicity. During community-wide outbreaks of hepatitis A in the pre-vaccine era, clinical attack rates were higher among juveniles rather than adults. In community-wide hepatitis E outbreaks, past and present, mortality rates have been most pronounced among pregnant women. Examination for these characteristic predilections in reports of jaundice outbreaks in the USA traces the emergence of hepatitis A and also of hepatitis E to the closing three decades of the 19th century. Thereafter, outbreaks of hepatitis A burgeoned, whereas those of hepatitis E abated. There were, in addition, community-wide outbreaks that bore features of neither hepatitis A nor E; they occurred before the 1870s. The American Civil War antedated that period. If hepatitis A had yet to establish endemicity, then it would not underlie the jaundice epidemic that was widespread during the war. Such an assessment may be revised, however, with the discovery of more extant outbreak reports.
The costs of incarceration for families of prisoners
Authors: Comfort Megan , McKay Tasseli , Landwehr Justin , Kennedy Erin , Lindquist Christine , Bir Anupa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFamily members of incarcerated people are often faced with financial, social and emotional costs related to the imprisonment of their loved ones. These costs can be conceptualized as investments both in the sustenance of personal relationships and in a greater social good in the form of assisting with the reintegration of former prisoners. In this article, we draw upon data from a mixed-methods study to elucidate the costs of detention on families of prisoners. We demonstrate that financial, social and emotional costs associated with imprisonment of a family member are interrelated and often compound each other, indicating the importance of addressing them in a holistic framework.
Generation of iPSC-derived limb progenitor-like cells for stimulating phalange regeneration in the adult mouse
Authors: Chen Ying , Xu Hanqian , Lin Gufa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe capacity of digit tip regeneration observed both in rodents and humans establishes a foundation for promoting robust regeneration in mammals. However, stimulating regeneration at more proximal levels, such as the middle phalanges (P2) of the adult mouse, remains challenging. Having shown the effectiveness of transplantation of limb progenitor cells in stimulating limb regeneration in Xenopus, we are now applying the cell transplantation approach to the adult mouse. Here we report that both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived limb progenitor-like cells can promote adult mouse P2 regeneration. We have established a simple and efficient protocol for deriving limb progenitor-like cells from mouse iPSCs. iPSCs are cultured as three-dimensional fibrin bodies, followed by treatment with combinations of Fgf8, CHIR99021, Purmorphamine and SB43542 during differentiation. These iPSC-derived limb progenitor-like cells resemble embryonic limb mesenchyme cells in their expression of limb-related genes. After transplantation, the limb progenitor-like cells can promote adult mouse P2 regeneration, as embryonic limb bud cells do. Our results provide a basis for further developing progenitor cell-based approaches for improving regeneration in the adult mouse limbs.
Health status of regularly physically active persons with spinal cord injury
Authors: Vik Lene C. , Lannem Anne M. , Rak Britt Marie , Stensrud Trine 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Study design
A non-controlled cross-sectional study.

Objectives
To make a descriptive examination of health status in persons with paraplegia and tetraplegia who exercise regularly according to Canadian guidelines.

Settings
Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital and the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences.

Methods
Eighteen persons (men/women = 9/9), aged 41‒72 years with spinal cord injury (SCI), who exercise regularly were included. Post-injury years ranged from 4 to 48 years. Clinical examination of body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), diffusion capacity (DLCO), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), and self-reported quality of life (QOL) obtained by questionnaire was performed. Lung function results are presented as % predicted and VO2max as absolute values relative to body weight. All results are given as median and range.

Results
Persons with paraplegia (n = 13) were defined as overweight with fat mass 42% (25‒51). BMD 1.047 g cm−2 (0.885‒1.312) was within normal range. FVC 95% predicted (60‒131), FEV1 90% predicted (61‒119), DLCO 77% predicted (56‒103), and VO2max 16.66 ml kg−1 min−1 (12.15‒25.28) defined good aerobic capacity according to age controlled reference values (18). Persons with tetraplegia (n = 5) were slightly overweight with fat mass 35% (26‒47). BMD 1.122 g cm−2 (1.095‒1.299) was within normal range. FVC 72% predicted (46‒91), FEV1 75% predicted (43‒83), DLCO 67% predicted (56‒84), and VO2max 16.70 ml kg−1 min−1 (9.91‒21.01) defined excellent aerobic capacity according to reference values (18). QOL was ranked as median 7.5 (0‒10 scale).

Conclusions
Persons with SCI who exercise regularly following the Canadian guidelines responded with rather positive associations for health outcomes. Additional research is needed to strengthen our findings.
Inhibition of autophagy delays motoneuron degeneration and extends lifespan in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Piras Antonio , Schiaffino Lorenzo , Boido Marina , Valsecchi Valeria , Guglielmotto Michela , De Amicis Elena , Puyal Julien , Garcera Ana , Tamagno Elena , Soler Rosa M , Vercelli Alessandro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a recessive autosomal neuromuscular disease, due to homozygous mutations or deletions in the telomeric survival motoneuron gene 1 (SMN1). SMA is characterized by motor impairment, muscle atrophy, and premature death following motor neuron (MN) degeneration. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of autophagy contributes to MN degeneration. We here investigated the role of autophagy in the SMNdelta7 mouse model of SMA II (intermediate form of the disease) which leads to motor impairment by postnatal day 5 (P5) and to death by P13. We first showed by immunoblots that Beclin 1 and LC3-II expression levels increased in the lumbar spinal cord of the SMA pups. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies confirmed that autophagic markers were enhanced in the ventral horn of SMA pups. To clarify the role of autophagy, we administered intracerebroventricularly (at P3) either an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine, 3-MA), or an autophagy inducer (rapamycin) in SMA pups. Motor behavior was assessed daily with different tests: tail suspension, righting reflex, and hindlimb suspension tests. 3-MA significantly improved motor performance, extended the lifespan, and delayed MN death in lumbar spinal cord (10372.36 ± 2716 MNs) compared to control-group (5148.38 ± 94 MNs). Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA suppressed autophagosome formation, reduced the apoptotic activation (cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl2) and the appearance of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive neurons, underlining that apoptosis and autophagy pathways are intricately intertwined. Therefore, autophagy is likely involved in MN death in SMA II, suggesting that it might represent a promising target for delaying the progression of SMA in humans as well.
An open resource for transdiagnostic research in pediatric mental health and learning disorders
Authors: Alexander Lindsay M. , Escalera Jasmine , Ai Lei , Andreotti Charissa , Febre Karina , Mangone Alexander , Vega-Potler Natan , Langer Nicolas , Alexander Alexis , Kovacs Meagan , Litke Shannon , O'Hagan Bridget , Andersen Jennifer , Bronstein Batya , Bui Anastasia , Bushey Marijayne , Butler Henry , Castagna Victoria , Camacho Nicolas , Chan Elisha , Citera Danielle , Clucas Jon , Cohen Samantha , Dufek Sarah , Eaves Megan , Fradera Brian , Gardner Judith , Grant-Villegas Natalie , Green Gabriella , Gregory Camille , Hart Emily , Harris Shana , Horton Megan , Kahn Danielle , Kabotyanski Katherine , Karmel Bernard , Kelly Simon P. , Kleinman Kayla , Koo Bonhwang , Kramer Eliza , Lennon Elizabeth , Lord Catherine , Mantello Ginny , Margolis Amy , Merikangas Kathleen R. , Milham Judith , Minniti Giuseppe , Neuhaus Rebecca , Levine Alexandra , Osman Yael , Parra Lucas C. , Pugh Ken R. , Racanello Amy , Restrepo Anita , Saltzman Tian , Septimus Batya , Tobe Russell , Waltz Rachel , Williams Anna , Yeo Anna , Castellanos Francisco X. , Klein Arno , Paus Tomas , Leventhal Bennett L. , Craddock R. Cameron , Koplewicz Harold S. , Milham Michael P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTechnological and methodological innovations are equipping researchers with unprecedented capabilities for detecting and characterizing pathologic processes in the developing human brain. As a result, ambitions to achieve clinically useful tools to assist in the diagnosis and management of mental health and learning disorders are gaining momentum. To this end, it is critical to accrue large-scale multimodal datasets that capture a broad range of commonly encountered clinical psychopathology. The Child Mind Institute has launched the Healthy Brain Network (HBN), an ongoing initiative focused on creating and sharing a biobank of data from 10,000 New York area participants (ages 5–21). The HBN Biobank houses data about psychiatric, behavioral, cognitive, and lifestyle phenotypes, as well as multimodal brain imaging (resting and naturalistic viewing fMRI, diffusion MRI, morphometric MRI), electroencephalography, eye-tracking, voice and video recordings, genetics and actigraphy. Here, we present the rationale, design and implementation of HBN protocols. We describe the first data release (n=664) and the potential of the biobank to advance related areas (e.g., biophysical modeling, voice analysis).
Automatized image processing of bovine blastocysts produced in vitro for quantitative variable determination
Authors: Rocha José Celso , Passalia Felipe José , Matos Felipe Delestro , Takahashi Maria Beatriz , Maserati Jr Marc Peter , Alves Mayra Fernanda , de Almeida Tamie Guibu , Cardoso Bruna Lopes , Basso Andrea Cristina , Nogueira Marcelo Fábio Gouveia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere is currently no objective, real-time and non-invasive method for evaluating the quality of mammalian embryos. In this study, we processed images of in vitro produced bovine blastocysts to obtain a deeper comprehension of the embryonic morphological aspects that are related to the standard evaluation of blastocysts. Information was extracted from 482 digital images of blastocysts. The resulting imaging data were individually evaluated by three experienced embryologists who graded their quality. To avoid evaluation bias, each image was related to the modal value of the evaluations. Automated image processing produced 36 quantitative variables for each image. The images, the modal and individual quality grades, and the variables extracted could potentially be used in the development of artificial intelligence techniques (e.g., evolutionary algorithms and artificial neural networks), multivariate modelling and the study of defined structures of the whole blastocyst.
A dataset for preparing pristine graphene-palladium nanocomposites using swollen liquid crystal templates
Authors: Vats Tripti , Siril Prem Felix 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPristine graphene (G) has not received much attention as a catalyst support, presumably due to its relative inertness as compared to reduced graphene oxide (RGO). In the present work, we used swollen liquid crystals (SLCs) as nano-reactors for graphene-palladium nanocomposites synthesis. The ‘soft’ confinement of SLCs directs the growth of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles over the G sheets. In this dataset we include all the parameters and details of different techniques used for the characterization of G, SLCs and synthesized G-Pd nanocomposites. The synthesized G-palladium nanocomposites (Pd-G) exhibited improved catalytic activity compared with Pd-RGO and Pd nanoparticles, in the hydrogenation of nitrophenols and C-C coupling reactions.
Miniaturised CP aperture antenna with tri‐mode operation for broadening bandwidth
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Xuan , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Zhang Zheng , Li Bin 
Published: December 2017

A compact broadband circularly polarised (CP) aperture antenna is proposed. In order to broaden the CP bandwidth, a pair of perturbation slots is introduced to generate a higher order mode (quasi‐TE31) for CP radiation. With three resonant modes working simultaneously a wider CP bandwidth is obtained. Besides, with some modifications to the ground plane, the antenna is miniaturised while keeping its wideband CP performance. The measured CP working bandwidth is 76.6% (2.9–6.5 GHz) with the antenna size of 43 mm × 43 mm, which means a 71% CP bandwidth increment and a 47% size reduction compared with the original CP aperture antenna.
Study on detection of blade imbalance for DFIG WTS based on spectrum analysis of Hilbert modulus
Authors: Jixing Qiu , Guodong Xu , Junbing Tao , Jing Yang 
Published: December 2017

To detect the impellor imbalance of double fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines (WTs), a spectrum analysis of Hilbert modulus based on stator current signal has been proposed. The current‐based detection method is cost‐effective and valuable in engineering applications. According to the models of DFIG WTs and coordinate transformations, this study presents the expressions of stator current in three‐phase static coordinates under imbalance condition. In addition, the fault frequency (f 1 ± f m) is derived evidently. The blade imbalance fault can be diagnosed by extracting f m (shaft rotating frequency) component based on the Hilbert transformation. Furthermore, the detecting process only works in constant speed stage and f m, which is also called 1P frequency, is invariable. Experimental tests on commercial 1.5 MW DFIG WTs have been taken for verifying the detecting algorithm proposed above. Finally, it is effective to recognise the blade imbalance with the advantages of cost and system reliability.
Physical activity of the selected nearly isotropic comets with perihelia at large heliocentric distance
Authors: Kulyk I. , Rousselot P. , Korsun P. P. , Afanasiev V. L. , Sergeev A. V. , Velichko S. F. 
Published: December 2017

Context.The systematic investigation of comets in a wide range of heliocentric distances can contribute to a better understanding of the physical mechanisms that trigger activity at large distances from the Sun and reveals possible differences in the composition of outer solar system bodies belonging to various dynamical groups.Aims.We seek to analyze the dust environment of the selected nearly isotropic comets with a perihelion distance between 4.5 and 9.1 au, where sublimation of water ice is considered to be negligible.Methods.We present results of multicolor broadband photometric observations for 14 distant active objects conducted between 2008 and 2015 with various telescopes. Images obtained with broadband filters were used to investigate optical colors of the cometary comae and to quantify physical activity of the comet nuclei.Results.The activity level was estimated withAfρparameters ranging between 95 ± 10 cm and 9600 ± 300 cm. Three returning comets were less active than the dynamically new comets. Dust production rates of the comet nuclei were estimated between 1 and 100 kg s−1based on some assumptions about the physical properties of dust particles populating comae. The measured colors point out reddening of the continuum for all the comets. The mean values of a normalized reflectivity gradient within the group of the comets amount to 14 ± 2% per 1000 Å and 3 ± 2% per 1000 Å in the BV and VR spectral domains, respectively. The comae of the dynamically new comets, which were observed on their inbound legs, may be slightly redder in the blue spectral interval than comae of the comets observed after the perihelion passages. The dynamically new comets observed both pre- and post-perihelion, seem to have higher production rates post-perihelion than pre-perihelion for similar heliocentric distances.
The ALMA-PILS survey: 3D modeling of the envelope, disks and dust filament of IRAS 16293–2422
Authors: Jacobsen S. K. , Jørgensen J. K. , van der Wiel M. H. D. , Calcutt H. , Bourke T. L. , Brinch C. , Coutens A. , Drozdovskaya M. N. , Kristensen L. E. , Müller H. S. P. , Wampfler S. F. 
Published: December 2017

Context. The Class 0 protostellar binary IRAS 16293–2422 is an interesting target for (sub)millimeter observations due to, both, the rich chemistry toward the two main components of the binary and its complex morphology. Its proximity to Earth allows the study of its physical and chemical structure on solar system scales using high angular resolution observations. Such data reveal a complex morphology that cannot be accounted for in traditional, spherical 1D models of the envelope.
Aims. The purpose of this paper is to study the environment of the two components of the binary through 3D radiative transfer modeling and to compare with data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Such comparisons can be used to constrain the protoplanetary disk structures, the luminosities of the two components of the binary and the chemistry of simple species.
Methods. We present 13CO, C17O and C18O J = 3–2 observations from the ALMA Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS), together with a qualitative study of the dust and gas density distribution of IRAS 16293–2422. A 3D dust and gas model including disks and a dust filament between the two protostars is constructed which qualitatively reproduces the dust continuum and gas line emission.
Results. Radiative transfer modeling in our sampled parameter space suggests that, while the disk around source A could not be constrained, the disk around source B has to be vertically extended. This puffed-up structure can be obtained with both a protoplanetary disk model with an unexpectedly high scale-height and with the density solution from an infalling, rotating collapse. Combined constraints on our 3D model, from observed dust continuum and CO isotopologue emission between the sources, corroborate that source A should be at least six times more luminous than source B. We also demonstrate that the volume of high-temperature regions where complex organic molecules arise is sensitive to whether or not the total luminosity is in a single radiation source or distributed into two sources, affecting the interpretation of earlier chemical modeling efforts of the IRAS 16293–2422 hot corino which used a single-source approximation.
Conclusions. Radiative transfer modeling of source A and B, with the density solution of an infalling, rotating collapse or a protoplanetary disk model, can match the constraints for the disk-like emission around source A and B from the observed dust continuum and CO isotopologue gas emission. If a protoplanetary disk model is used around source B, it has to have an unusually high scale-height in order to reach the dust continuum peak emission value, while fulfilling the other observational constraints. Our 3D model requires source A to be much more luminous than source B; LA ~ 18 L⊙ and LB ~ 3 L⊙.
Influence of galactic arm scale dynamics on the molecular
composition of the cold and dense ISM
Authors: Ruaud M. , Wakelam V. , Gratier P. , Bonnell I. A. 
Published: December 2017

Aim. We study the effect of large scale dynamics on the molecular composition of the dense interstellar medium during the transition between diffuse to dense clouds.
Methods. We followed the formation of dense clouds (on sub-parsec scales) through the dynamics of the interstellar medium at galactic scales. We used results from smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations from which we extracted physical parameters that are used as inputs for our full gas-grain chemical model. In these simulations, the evolution of the interstellar matter is followed for ~50 Myr. The warm low-density interstellar medium gas flows into spiral arms where orbit crowding produces the shock formation of dense clouds, which are held together temporarily by the external pressure.
Results. We show that depending on the physical history of each SPH particle, the molecular composition of the modeled dense clouds presents a high dispersion in the computed abundances even if the local physical properties are similar. We find that carbon chains are the most affected species and show that these differences are directly connected to differences in (1) the electronic fraction, (2) the C/O ratio, and (3) the local physical conditions. We argue that differences in the dynamical evolution of the gas that formed dense clouds could account for the molecular diversity observed between and within these clouds.
Conclusions. This study shows the importance of past physical conditions in establishing the chemical composition of the dense medium.
Rectal Trauma: Evidence-Based Practices
Authors: Clemens Michael , Peace Kaitlin , Yi Fia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe management of rectal trauma has often been lumped in with colon trauma when, in fact, it is a unique entity. The anatomic nature of the rectum (with its intra- and extraperitoneal segments) lends itself to unique circumstances when it comes to management and treatment. From the four Ds (debridement, drainage, diversion, and distal irrigation), the management of rectal trauma has made some strides in light of the experiences coming out of the recent conflicts overseas as well as some rethinking of dogma. This article will serve to review the anatomy and types of injuries associated with rectal trauma. A treatment algorithm will also be presented based on our current literature review. We will also address controversial points and attempt to give our opinion in an effort to provide an update on an age-old problem.
Evaluation of the New DIN Standard for Quality Assurance of Diagnostic Displays – Technical Review DIN 6868-157
Authors: Entz Kathrin , Sommer Alexander , Lenzen Horst 
Published: December 2017

Acceptance and regular constancy tests are necessary to ensure the quality of diagnostic displays. In November 2014, a new standard (DIN 6868-157) was published which defines the test procedure and limiting values. There are several substantial changes compared with the previous standard DIN V 6868-57, i. e. considering the complete image display system including workstation and application software instead of only the displays. Since its publication, the new standard has raised many questions. This technical review aims to show the strengths and weaknesses of the new standard. Positive aspects are the introduction of a limiting value for the illuminance and the extension of the interval for constancy tests from 3 to 6 six months. The daily constancy test on the other hand, raises several problems and should be replaced by a randomized test. Additionally, the medical relevance is critically questioned and an overview of software for the quality assurance will be given.
Key points
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