bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gait Training in Patients Discharged to a Skilled Nursing Facility Following Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Haghverdian Brandon , Wright David , Doan Linda T. , Tran Dennis , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: January 2016

Background: Expenditures for postacute care in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) have risen dramatically over recent decades. Therefore, efforts are underway to better identify cost savings in postacute rehabilitation centers, such as skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). The primary purpose of this study was to analyze gait training achievements in post-TJA patients in the interval between hospital discharge and the patients’ first 4 days at the SNF. Identification of potential losses in therapeutic progress may lead the way for improved patient care, outcomes, and cost savings. Our hypothesis is that patients discharged to an SNF will have a decline in gait achievements upon transfer from the hospital. Methods: A total of 68 patients who underwent TJA were included. The total distance ambulated during physical therapy (PT) was recorded for the last day of hospital therapy and the first 4 days at the SNF as well as the reported visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores. Results: There was a 73% decline in distance ambulated on SNF day 0 ( Hospital: 138.6 ft vs SNF: 37.9 ft; P < .001) and a 50% decline on SNF day 1 ( Hospital: 103.0 ft; SNF vs 51.1 ft; P < .001) compared to the last hospital session. There were no significant differences in distance walked on SNF days 3 and 4 relative to the last hospital session. The VAS pain scores did not significantly differ on SNF days 0 and 1 compared to the last hospital day but began to significantly decline on SNF day 3 ( Hospital: 4.9; SNF: 3.3; P = .02) and day 4 ( Hospital: 3.9; SNF: 2.3; P = .03). Conclusion: There was a significant decline in ambulatory proficiency in post-TJA patients on the day of and the day following hospital discharge to an SNF. These deficits cannot be attributed to heightened pain levels. Early and progressive ambulation is a recognized component of appropriate PT following TJA. This study therefore highlights the transition from hospital to SNF as a crucial and novel target for improvement in post-TJA care.
A two-phase procedure for non-normal quantitative trait genetic association study
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Huiyun , Li Zhaohai , Li Qizhai 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background
The nonparametric trend test (NPT) is well suitable for identifying the genetic variants associated with quantitative traits when the trait values do not satisfy the normal distribution assumption. If the genetic model, defined according to the mode of inheritance, is known, the NPT derived under the given genetic model is optimal. However, in practice, the genetic model is often unknown beforehand. The NPT derived from an uncorrected model might result in loss of power. When the underlying genetic model is unknown, a robust test is preferred to maintain satisfactory power.

Results
We propose a two-phase procedure to handle the uncertainty of the genetic model for non-normal quantitative trait genetic association study. First, a model selection procedure is employed to help choose the genetic model. Then the optimal test derived under the selected model is constructed to test for possible association. To control the type I error rate, we derive the joint distribution of the test statistics developed in the two phases and obtain the proper size.

Conclusions
The proposed method is more robust than existing methods through the simulation results and application to gene DNAH9 from the Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 for associated with Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody further demonstrate its performance.
Survival of residual neutrophils and accelerated myelopoiesis limit the efficacy of antibody-mediated depletion of Ly-6G+ cells in tumor-bearing mice
Authors: Moses Katrin , Klein Johanna C , Männ Linda , Klingberg Anika , Gunzer Matthias , Brandau Sven 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Expansion of Ly-6G+ myeloid cells has been reported in most murine cancer models. However, divergent findings exist regarding the role and effect of these cells on host immunity and tumor progression. Antibody-mediated depletion of Ly-6G+ cells is a common technique to assess the in vivo relevance of these cells. Interpretation of results crucially depends on the efficacy and course of depletion. We established murine head and neck cancer models and analyzed the efficacy of antibody-mediated depletion by flow cytometry, conventional histology, and intravital imaging with a novel Ly-6G–transgenic mouse model. The first phase of depletion was characterized by effective elimination of Ly-6G+ cells from the peripheral blood. Nevertheless, viable, resistant cells were found to reside in the tumor tissue and spleen. This peripheral depletion phase was associated with high systemic levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and KC and enhanced splenic production of Ly-6G+ cells. Even under sustained treatment with either αGr-1 or αLy-6G antibodies, peripheral blood depletion ended after approximately 1 wk and was followed by reappearance of immature Ly-6G+ cells with an immunoregulatory phenotype. Reappearance of these depletion-resistant immature cells was enhanced in tumor-bearing, compared with naïve, control mice. Collectively, our data suggest that depletion of Ly-6G+ myeloid cells in tumor-bearing mice is counteracted by the persistence of intratumoral cells, enhanced extramedullary granulopoiesis, and accelerated reappearance of immature cells. Hence, extensive monitoring of in vivo kinetics and tissue distribution of Ly-6G+ cells is required in depletion studies.
Distinct CCR7 glycosylation pattern shapes receptor signaling and endocytosis to modulate chemotactic responses
Authors: Hauser Mark A , Kindinger Ilona , Laufer Julia M , Späte Anne-Katrin , Bucher Delia , Vanes Sarah L , Krueger Wolfgang A , Wittmann Valentin , Legler Daniel F 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 and their common cognate chemokine receptor CCR7 orchestrate immune cell trafficking by eliciting distinct signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that human CCR7 is N-glycosylated on 2 specific residues in the N terminus and the third extracellular loop. Conceptually, CCR7 glycosylation adds steric hindrance to the receptor N terminus and extracellular loop 3, acting as a “swinging door” to regulate receptor sensitivity and cell migration. We found that freshly isolated human B cells, as well as expanded T cells, but not naïve T cells, express highly sialylated CCR7. Moreover, we identified that human dendritic cells imprint T cell migration toward CCR7 ligands by secreting enzymes that deglycosylate CCR7, thereby boosting CCR7 signaling on T cells, permitting enhanced T cell locomotion, while simultaneously decreasing receptor endocytosis. In addition, dendritic cells proteolytically convert immobilized CCL21 to a soluble form that is more potent in triggering chemotactic movement and does not desensitize the receptor. Furthermore, we demonstrate that soluble CCL21 functionally resembles neither the CCL19 nor the CCL21 phenotype but acts as a chemokine with unique features. Thus, we advance the concept of dendritic cell-dependent generation of micromilieus and lymph node conditioning by demonstrating a novel layer of CCR7 regulation through CCR7 sialylation. In summary, we demonstrate that leukocyte subsets express distinct patterns of CCR7 sialylation that contribute to receptor signaling and fine-tuning chemotactic responses.
Distinguishing aggregate formation and aggregate clearance using cell-based assays
Authors: Eenjes Evelien , Dragich Joanna M. , Kampinga Harm H. , Yamamoto Ai 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The accumulation of ubiquitylated proteinaceous inclusions represents a complex process, reflecting the disequilibrium between aggregate formation and aggregate clearance. Although decreasing aggregate formation or augmenting aggregate clearance will ultimately lead to a diminished aggregate burden, in terms of disease pathogenesis, the different approaches can have distinct outcomes. Using a novel cell-based assay that can distinguish newly formed versus preformed inclusions, we demonstrate that two proteins previously implicated in the autophagic clearance of expanded polyglutamine inclusions, HspB7 and Alfy (also known as WDFY3), actually affect very distinct cellular processes to affect aggregate burden. Using this cell-based assay, we also establish that constitutive expression of the aggregation-prone protein can measurably slow the elimination of protein aggregates, given that not all aggregates appear to be available for degradation. This new assay can therefore not only determine at what step a modifier might influence aggregate burden, but also can be used to provide new insights into how protein aggregates are targeted for degradation.
Effect of Blood Collection Time on Measured Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Concentrations: Implications for Driving Interpretation and Drug Policy
Authors: Hartman Rebecca L , Brown Timothy L , Milavetz Gary , Spurgin Andrew , Gorelick David A , Gaffney Gary R , Huestis Marilyn A 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In driving-under-the-influence cases, blood typically is collected approximately 1.5–4 h after an incident, with unknown last intake time. This complicates blood Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) interpretation, owing to rapidly decreasing concentrations immediately after inhalation. We evaluated how decreases in blood THC concentration before collection may affect interpretation of toxicological results.

METHODS
Adult cannabis smokers (≥1×/3 months, ≤3 days/week) drank placebo or low-dose alcohol (approximately 0.065% peak breath alcohol concentration) 10 min before inhaling 500 mg placebo, 2.9%, or 6.7% vaporized THC (within-individuals), then took simulated drives 0.5–1.3 h postdose. Blood THC concentrations were determined before and up to 8.3 h postdose (limit of quantification 1 μg/L).

RESULTS
In 18 participants, observed Cmax (at 0.17 h) for active (2.9 or 6.7% THC) cannabis were [median (range)] 38.2 μg/L (11.4–137) without alcohol and 47.9 μg/L (13.0–210) with alcohol. THC Cmax concentration decreased 73.5% (3.3%–89.5%) without alcohol and 75.1% (11.5%–85.4%) with alcohol in the first half-hour after active cannabis and 90.3% (76.1%–100%) and 91.3% (53.8%–97.0%), respectively, by 1.4 h postdose. When residual THC (from previous self-administration) was present, concentrations rapidly decreased to preinhalation baselines and fluctuated around them. During-drive THC concentrations previously associated with impairment (≥8.2 μg/L) decreased to median &lt;5 μg/L by 3.3 h postdose and &lt;2 μg/L by 4.8 h postdose; only 1 participant had THC ≥5 μg/L after 3.3 h.

CONCLUSIONS
Forensic blood THC concentrations may be lower than common per se cutoffs despite greatly exceeding them while driving. Concentrations during driving cannot be back-extrapolated because of unknown time after intake and interindividual variability in rates of decrease.
Comprehensive School Reform: Meta-Analytic Evidence of Black-White Achievement Gap Narrowing
Authors: Gorey Kevin M. 
Published: January 2016

This meta-analysis extends a previous review of the achievement effects of comprehensive school reform (CSR) programs (Borman, Hewes, Overman, & Brown, 2003). That meta-analysis observed significant effects of well endowed and well-researched programs, but it did not account for race/ethnicity. This article synthesizes 34 cohort or quasi-experimental outcomes of studies that incorporated the policy-critical characteristic of race/ethnicity. Findings: compared with matched traditional schools, the black-white achievement gap narrowed significantly more among students in CSR schools. In addition, the aggregate effects were large, substantially to completely eliminating the achievement gap between African American and non-Hispanic white students in elementary and middle schools. Title I policies before or after the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 seem to have had essentially no impact on the black-white achievement gap. Curricular and testing mandates along with the threat of sanctions without concomitant resource supports seem to have failed. This study suggests that educational achievement inequities need not be America’s destiny. It seems that they could be eliminated through concerted political will and ample resource commitments to evidence-based educational programs.
Alberta’s 2002 Teacher Strike: The Political Economy of Labor Relations in Education
Authors: Barnetson Bob 
Published: January 2016

In 2002, approximately two thirds of school teachers in the Canadian province of Alberta went on strike. Drawing on media, government and union documents, this case study reveals some contours of the political economy of labor relations in education that are normally hidden from view. Among these features are that the state can react to worker resistance by legally pressuring trade unions and justifying this action as in the public interest. This justification seeks to divide the working class and pit segments of it against each other. The state may also seek to limit discussion and settlements to monetary matters to avoid constraining its ability to manage the workplace or the educational system. This analysis provides a basis for developing a broader theory of the political economy of labor relations in education. It also provides trade unionists in education with information useful in formulating a strike strategy.
Different histories, similar opinions? Perspectives of presidents of public and private universities on Argentina’s higher education system
Authors: Arias María Fernanda 
Published: January 2016

This article analyzes the opinions about the system of higher education in Argentina of presidents of private and public universities. The sample consisted of sixteen in-depth interviews with presidents of public and private universities. In the 1990s Argentina, similarly to other Latin American and European countries, initiated profound reforms of its university system The analysis of the interviews shows, that although Argentina's higher education system was traditionally organized around the ethos of public universities and only recently a new but increasingly influential private sector was developed, the opinions of the presidents of both types of universities is rather similar.. We concluded that the type of governance, public or private, is not the most influential dynamic in the opinions of the presidents of these universities, but the particular history and institutional traditions are better explanatory variables.
Do In-School Feeding Programs Have an Impact on Academic Performance and Dropouts? The Case of Public Schools in Argentina.
Authors: Adrogue Cecilia , Orlicki Maria Eugenia 
Published: January 2016

As Argentina presents problems of malnutrition, the federal in-school feeding program has become a key policy because it provides an important nutritional intervention during a relevant growth period. This paper estimates the effect of the program on academic performance -measured by standardized test scores- with a difference in difference model which exploits the change over time in the supply of the in-school feeding program during the end of the nineties. We build an original panel using the ONEE corresponding to the years 1997, 1999 and 2000. Our findings suggest that the program has successfully targeted the most disadvantaged schools. However, only partial improvement in school performance has been found. Language test scores were the only ones to show a statistically significant improvement, with no noticeable effects reported in math scores. These results are consistent with the characteristics of the federal in-school feeding program in Argentina, which do not compensate for the nutritional deficit the children bring from their homes. This implies that having an in-school feeding program –even that reaching the most needy populations- does not necessarily address the desired goals of compensating for nutritional deficits and correlating to improved test results for students.
Jugar a la escuela con pantalla y teclado.
Authors: Kalman Judith , Hernández Razo Oscar Enrique 
Published: January 2016

En los discursos de organismos gubernamentales nacionales y multilaterales, así como en narrativas populares se promueve la idea de que el uso de tecnologías de la información, la comunicación y el diseño (TIC-D) en la educación conlleva cambios en las prácticas de enseñanza. Se establece que estos cambios ayudarán a los estudiantes a integrarse a una “nueva economía” basada en el uso de las TIC-D y caracterizada por una “mayor productividad”, el “trabajo colaborativo” y la “flexibilidad”. En este artículo se presenta un análisis que busca superar dicha visión determinista, con base en ejemplos de materiales didácticos y de usos de tecnologías digitales en situaciones presenciales de educación de jóvenes y adultos en una zona popular de la Ciudad de México. A partir de un enfoque socio cultural basado en los conceptos de práctica situada y práctica social, el artículo muestra cómo algunas de las decisiones e indicaciones de los instructores en las clases de computación para jóvenes y adultos responden a tradiciones didácticas, nociones de educación básica para adultos, y creencias acerca del aprendizaje que promueven la realización de actividades mecánicas y de repetición. El análisis también muestra cómo las decisiones e indicaciones de los instructores en cuestión son fomentadas por algunos materiales didácticos proporcionados por la instancia responsable de la educación de adultos en México.
How autonomous should schools be? Research based on teacher opinions
Authors: Göksoy Süleyman 
Published: January 2016

<p>The study intended to contribute to the quality of schools and teachers with the help of suggestions obtained from data and to shed light on regulations in school autonomy. Qualitative research method, which was thought to be more convenient to examine cases in depth, was used in this study and phenomenology was adopted. In order to provide maximum diversity, twenty four voluntary teachers were chosen from pre-school (5 teachers), primary school (7 teachers), secondary school (7 teachers) and high school (5 teachers). Following results were obtained related to more effective school management: Decisions related to teacher dismissal and dismissal of other staff should be taken by upper educational managers and not by schools; schools should be given full autonomy in making decisions about duties and responsibilities of school managers, giving overtime to teachers and other staff, paying for additional courses, choosing school managers, appointing substitutes for absent teachers and other staff and deciding the duties and responsibilities of teachers and other staff. Before schools and teachers are provided with more autonomy, effective, sufficient and qualified school managers should be selected, trained and assigned. Financial issues should be audited externally and controlled carefully.</p>
Multi-bump solutions of -Δn = K(x)u
(n+2)/(n-2) on lattices in ℝ
n
Authors: Li Yanyan , Wei Juncheng , Xu Haoyuan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We consider the following semilinear elliptic equation with critical exponent:
Δ u

=

=

K(x)

u

(

n
+
2

)

/

(

n
-
2

)

u^{(n+2)/(n-2)}

, u

>

>

0 in

ℝ
n

\mathbb{R}^{n}

,
where

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

,

K
>
0

{K>0}

is periodic in (

x
1

x_{1}

,…,

x
k

x_{k}

) with 1

≤

\leq

k

<

<

(n-2)/2. Under some natural conditions on K near a critical point, we prove the existence of multi-bump solutions where the centers of bumps can be placed in some lattices in

ℝ
k

{\mathbb{R}^{k}}

, including infinite lattices. We also show that for k

≥

\geq

(n-2)/2, no such solutions exist.
Application of Acacia modesta and Dalbergia sissoo gums as green matrix for silver nanoparticle binding
Authors: Munir Hira , Shahid Muhammad , Anjum Fozia , Akhtar Muhammad Nadeem , Badawy Sayed M. , El-Ghorab Ahmed 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A low-cost, efficient, and ecofriendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using gums as reducing agent was performed. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of the prepared nanoparticles was tested against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The in vitro toxicity was evaluated by performing hemolytic analysis. The mutagenic activity was evaluated using Ames test. The prepared nanoparticles possessed high antibacterial potential and also inhibited the biofilm formation. Under the conditions of this study, it is concluded that the prepared AgNPs were nontoxic and nonmutagenic and possessed pharmaceutical applications.
Thermo-hydro treated (THT) birch veneers for producing plywood with improved properties
Authors: Grinins Juris , Andersons Bruno , Irbe Ilze , Andersone Ingeborga , Meija-Feldmane Anete , Janberga Anna , Pavlovics Gunars , Sansonetti Errj 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe effect of thermo-hydro treatment (THT) on the properties of birch (Betula spp.)wood veneers has been studied. THT was carried out in a multi-functional pilot scale wood modification device of wood treatment technology (WTT, Latvia) under elevated water vapor pressure conditions at four combinations of temperature and treatment time (°C/min): 150/10; 150/50; 160/10 and 160/50. After THT, the following veneer properties were examined: mass loss (ML), chemical composition, bending strength (BS), tensile strength (TS), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), resistance to decay by mould and blue stain fungi, and surface contact angle (CA). The chemical components were changed by THT. Increased THT temperature and time resulted in hydrophobization of veneers as indicated by decreasing EMC and increasing CA data. All THT were effective against wood discoloring fungi, although insufficient decay resistance was observed. The mechanical strength properties of THT veneers were also deteriorated.
Human resource management research output in Ireland between 1950 and 2010: A retrospective
Authors: Carbery Ronan , Gunnigle Patrick , Morley Michael 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a retrospective account of research output in the field of human resource management (HRM) in Ireland. We present a brief contextual overview looking at significant institutional and practice developments in the field, which, in turn were significant for curriculum, educational and research advances. We collected relevant HRM research output spanning 1950-2010, which yielded a total of 195 academic papers. Our analysis of the research output allows us to present an account of the altering profile and contribution of HRM as an academic field in Ireland and demonstrates the broadening of the field of HRM within Ireland.
The influence of melt mixing on the stability of cellulose acetate and its carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Delgado-Lima Ana , Paiva Maria C. , Machado Ana Vera 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose acetate (CA), are commonly used due to their ease of processing. These polymers present interesting mechanical properties and biodegradability, but low thermal stability under melt processing conditions. Composites of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cellulose derivatives are expected to present enhanced properties, depending on the effect of nanotubes on polymer structure and thermal properties. This work aims to investigate the influence of melt mixing on the stability of CA and its CNT composites. Composites with 0 wt%, 0.1 wt% and 0.5 wt% CNTs, as received and functionalized with pyrrolidine groups, were prepared using a batch mixer and an extruder. Chain scission of CA occurred during processing, but the effect was considerably reduced in the presence of CNTs. The incorporation of small amounts of CNTs (with or without functionalization) decreased polymer degradation by thermomechanical effects induced during polymer processing.