bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus 4185, a Strain That Produces Aureocyclicin 4185
Authors: Francisco Márcia Silva , Farias Felipe Miceli , Santos Ilana Nascimento Sousa , Marques-Bastos Selda Loase Salustiano , Albano Rodolpho Mattos , Bastos Maria do Carmo Freire 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of the aureocyclicin 4185-producing strain
Staphylococcus aureus
4185 is presented. The assembly contains 2,789,721 bp and a G+C content of 32.8%. Genome analysis allowed us to determine the complete sequence of the bacteriocinogenic plasmid pRJ101 and to find another bacteriocin gene cluster encoded on the bacterial chromosome.
Safe return to play after protocol-based concussion management by a team therapist: a prospective study
Authors: Frémont Pierre , Castonguay Édith , Pepe-Esposito Francesco , Beaudoin-Hamel Vincent , Desloges Catherine , Dionne Monika , Gourde Marie-Christine , Hogue Benoit , Lanthier-Plante Jérémie , Provencher Maxime , Quirion Mikael 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo analyse the safety of a multidisciplinary concussion management protocol where a team therapist is involved in return-to-play (RTP) decisions.DesignProspective, pre- post-intervention cohort study over 4 seasons of competitionSettingSchool-based American football program (4 teams; grades 8–12)Participants:672 players x year (11–17 year old) for a total of 27741 athlete-exposure.InterventionA protocol based on the Concussion In Sport Group recommendations was implemented. A computerised neuropsychological (CNP) test was used at baseline and prior to clearance for unrestricted training. For seasons 1–2, the protocol required the team physician to make all RTP decision while defined criteria allowed the team physiotherapist to make the vast majority of the RTP decisions over seasons 3–4.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the early recurrence (ER) of concussion symptoms following RTP (defined as during the same season).ResultsA total of 119 concussions were identified (55 and 64 for the first and last 2 seasons, respectively; incidence rate 4, 3: 1000 athlete-exposures). At the time of the first clearance decision, the CNP test contributed to a negative RTP decision in 67% of cases. During seasons 1–2 no ER was observed. During season 3 one injury unrelated to football resulted in one case of ER prior to clearance and, during season 4, one case of ER occurred during the second game, 11 days after clearance.ConclusionsSafe management of concussions was achieved whether the team physician or the team therapist was responsible for the application of the terms of the protocol.Competing interestsPierre Frémont chair of the Canadian Concussion Collaborative.Édith Castonguay is the physiotherapist for the football program described in this study.Francesco Pepe-Esposito is Head coach of the football program described in this study.None.
Investigating a 7-day baseline while establishing healthy scat3 symptom frequency and severity
Authors: Robinson Michael , Mc Elhiney Danielle 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveThe reliability of a concussion symptom checklist can become compromised by external conditions (weather, medical conditions, stress, medications, etc.). This study assessed the day-to-day reliability of the SCAT3 Symptom Evaluation to determine if participants provide consistent responses in addition to determining the frequency and severity of the 22 symptoms in a non-concussed, adult, athletic population.DesignRepeated measure observational design.SettingThis study was conducted at a University in Ohio, U.S.A.Participants52 volunteers (18 to 30 years), self-identified as an athlete and had not suffered a concussion in the past 6 months.InterventionParticipants completed the SCAT3 Symptom Evaluation at prescribed times through the day over a 7 day period. Participants were randomly assigned to two equal groups, alternating between completing the SCAT3 Symptom Evaluation twice (at wake up and before bed) or once (in the afternoon) each day.Outcome measuresSeverity and frequency of each of the 22 symptoms over a 7 day period.Main resultsThe single measure intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.496 (95% CI=0.382 to 0.620, SEM=0.134) for the frequency of symptoms and 0.438 (95% CI=0.325 to 0.568, SEM=0.221) for the sum of the symptom severity over 7 days.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated poor day-to-day reliability for the reporting of the frequency and severity of symptoms. All of the 22 symptoms on the SCAT3 Symptom Checklist were reported by at least one participant with the most commonly reported symptoms being fatigue or low energy, drowsiness, and headaches.Competing interestsNone.
Eye tracking a biomarker for concussion in the paediatricpediatric population
Authors: Samadani Uzma , Zahid Abdullah Bin , Lockyer Julia , Dammavalam Vikalpa , Grady Matthew , Nance Michael , Scheiman Mitchell , Master Christina L 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveThe study aims to validate eye movement tracking performed without a baseline study as a biomarker for concussion in a paediatric population.DesignThis is a cross-sectional case control study of patients diagnosed with concussion in a referral centre compared to non-concussed controls.MethodsEye movements were recorded with an SR Research Eyelink 1000 eye tracker while a 220-second video was played. Eye tracking metrics were compared to Acute Concussion Evaluation (ACE) scores and clinical assessments of convergence and accommodation.Results56 children with concussions (mean age of 13 years), as defined by symptom presence following an impulsive injury to the brain were evaluated at a mean of 22 weeks post-injury. Twelve eye tracking metrics were significantly different between concussed children and 83 uninjured controls. A model built on a balanced sub-sample to classify concussion based on eye tracking achieved an AUC of 0.854 (sensitivity 71.9%; specificity 84.4%). Two metrics were significant predictors of abnormal near point convergence (NPC) and accommodation. The model built to classify concussion based on NPC status achieved a specificity of 95.8% and a sensitivity of 57.1%. Reduced binocular amplitude of accommodation had a spearman correlation of 0.752 (p-value<0.001) with NPC. Seven eye tracking metrics were found to have a strong correlation (R=0.781) with binocular amplitude of accommodation.ConclusionsEye tracking reliably detected concussion and convergence and accommodative abnormalities in the paediatric population. We propose that eye tracking without baseline assessment may serve as an objective measure of concussion in paediatric patients.Competing interestsUzma Samadani has submitted intellectual property describing the technology utilised in this paper.These patents are owned by NYU, the VA and HCMC and licensed to Oculogica Inc., a company in which all of the above parties have an equity interest
Change in concussion measures in division i men’s lacrosse players who did not report a concussion
Authors: Miyashita Theresa , Diakogeorgiou Eleni 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to investigate if a significant change in concussion baseline measurements occur in athletes who did not reportedly sustain a concussion.DesignCohort StudySettingDivision I UniversityParticipants22 Division I Men’s Lacrosse players’ data were used for the BESS test (age=19.95, ± 0.99) and 26 Division I Men’s Lacrosse players’ data were used for the CNS Vital Signs test (age=20.15, ± 1.05)Interventionscalendar year; 2015 competitive lacrosse seasonOutcome measuresRepeated-measures ANOVAs and paired samples t-tests determined the change in concussion baseline measurement scores from pre-season 2015, post-season 2015, and pre-season 2016. BESS scores and the ten tests associated with CNS Vital Signs were analysed for changes.Main resultsThere were increases in the number of errors committed during the foam double leg stance (p=0.017) and foam tandem stance (p=0.007) from pre-season 2015 to pre-season 2016. 60% of of the tests within the CNS Vital Signs testing battery resulted in significant improvements from pre-season 2015 to pre-season 2016: psychomotor speed (p=0.031), executive function (p=0.003), cognitive flexibility (p=0.004), reaction time (p=0.004), simple reaction time (p=0.002), and shifting attention correct reaction time (p=0.016).ConclusionsConcussion baseline measurements should be repeated on an annual basis to improve accuracy when implementing a return-to-play protocol following a concussion.Competing interestsNone
Classifying invalid baseline scores
Authors: Mrazik Martin , Naidu Dhiren 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveAnalysis of a proposed method for classifying invalid baseline tests in professional football players.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study.SettingProfessional Canadian Football.ParticipantsFour hundred and seventy-eight male football players from the Canadian Football League.InterventionA proposed system to classify invalid baselines used the lowest 5% of domain scores from baseline Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), King Devick, and SCAT3 (balance and SAC totals) coupled with the highest 5% of total symptom report from SCAT3. Impairment on 2 or more scores was classified as invalid (INV).Main Outcome measuresDescriptive statistics, correlation and stepwise regression analysis.Main ResultsCorrelations revealed significant relationships (p<0.05) between INV and all 5 domains of ImPACT and SCAT3 symptom score, but not for King Devick and SCAT3 balance and SAC totals. The forward stepwise regression yielded a significant model (R2=0.23, F(4, 473)=35.7, p<0.001). Significant predictors included visual memory, reaction time, impulse control, and verbal memory from ImPACT. This system classified 3.7% of participant with invalid baseline tests.ConclusionsThere are few published methodologies used to classify invalid baseline tests in spite of their widespread use. Valid baseline tests are essential for proper identification and management of concussion. Our proposed method identified 4 ImPACT domains scores that predict invalid baseline scores. This system may be helpful in classifying invalid baseline tests with commonly used baseline test measures although more research is required to validate this method.Competing interestsNone.
Genotypes are related to neurocognitive performance but not concussion history in collegiate student-athletes
Authors: E Hall Eric , D. Cochrane Graham , Sundman Mark , C Kostek Matthew , Patel Kirtida , P Barnes Kenneth , J Ketcham Caroline 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundSingle-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of neurologically relevant genes play a role in concussions from increasing susceptibility or hampering cognitive performance.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of polymorphisms of APOE, APOE promoter, COMT and DRD2 on baseline neurocognitive function and concussion history in collegiate student-athletes.DesignCross-sectional.SettingCollegiate campus in North Carolina.Participants262 (194 males, 68 females) collegiate student-athletes.Assessment of risk factorsBuccal mucosa swabs were collected from participants. SNP genotyping was run on all samples to determine APOE, APOE promoter, COMT, and DRD2 genotypes. Participants were split into three groups based on their genotypes for each gene.Outcome measuresParticipants completed the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing neurocognitive assessment which generated composite scores on Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Visuomotor Speed, and Reaction Time as well as Impulse ControlResultsNone of the genotype variables influenced number of concussions (p>0.05). MANOVA analysis determined no differences for APOE promoter and DRD2 genotypes (p>0.05). There were statistical differences for APOE for Visuomotor composite (APOE-e3 (m=41.2, %95 CI [40.8, 42.1]) vs e4 (m=39.1, %95 CI [37.8, 40.5], p=0.017) and Reaction Time (APOE-e4 (m=0.62, %95 CI [0.60, 0.64]) was different than both e2 (m=0.57, %95 CI [0.54, 0.60] and e3(m=0.58, %95 CI [0.56, 0.59], p<0.005). There were also differences for COMT for Impulse Control (Val/Val (m=6.2 %95 CI [5.4, 7.1]) was different Val/Met (m=4.7, %95 CI [4.1, 5.2] and Met/Met (m=4.7, %95 CI [3.8, 5.6], p<0.02).ConclusionsAPOE and COMT single nucleotide polymorphisms lead to significant differences in neurocognitive performance at baseline but not concussion history.Competing interestsNone.
Examining the cumulative effect of repetitive head-impacts on the ability to inhibit a motor response
Authors: Bryk Kelsey , Alexander D Wright , Jakovac Michael , Smirl Jonathan D , Paul van Donkelaar 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo examine how a season of sub-concussive head-impact exposures influence a measure of response-inhibition in contact-sport athletes.DesignProspective cohortSettingLaboratoryParticipantsTwenty-five contact-sport athletes (20.3±1.3 years) performed a response-inhibition task prior to and following the competitive season. Each player wore an adhesive accelerometer (X2Biosystems) during games. Players were excluded if they sustained a concussion during the season.InterventionsTo probe response-inhibition, an object hit-and-avoid sensorimotor task (KINARM) was performed. This 2.5 minute task entailed the successful hitting of two target shapes while avoiding six other distractor shapes. Players were divided into tertiles (high, medium, low; n=8) based on cumulative number of 20g+ head impacts, cumulative peak linear acceleration (cPLA), and cumulative peak rotational acceleration (cPRA). Comparisons of response-inhibition performance were made between high and low tertiles.Outcome measuresPre-post changes in number of targets hit, distractors hit, total cancelled movements towards pursued distractors (CPDs), and total task accuracy (percent) were recorded for the KINARM task.ResultsIndependent t-tests indicated no significant differences between the high and low tertiles on the KINARM task despite the high tertile group experiencing 4-times greater head impacts throughout the season. There was a trend for greater KINARM task improvement from pre-to-post-season in the bottom tertile, as reflected by the increase in CPDs in their post-season measures (cumulative number: p=0.06, CI=[−16.2148519, 0.7148519]).ConclusionsThese findings reveal that one season of repetitive sport-related head impacts does not appear to have a significant effect on an athlete’s ability to inhibit a motor response.Competing interestsAll authors have no competing interests to declare.
Gp and emergency medicine trainee’s knowledge of appropriate diagnostic and treatment options for concussion in the west of ireland
Authors: Gilmartin Stephen , Waters Aine , Harris Karen 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo Investigate GP and Emergency medicine trainee’s knowledge and application of concussion treatment and diagnostic options in the west of IrelandDesignCross SectionalSettingSligo and Galway University Hospitals, IrelandParticipants37 GP and 8 emergency medicine trainees. The doctors were all working in an Emergency department or community GP PracticeInterventionsAll trainees were instructed to complete a questionnaire in person without any aids or educational advice.Outcome measuresWe aimed to establish baseline trainee knowledge of concussion and also their appropriate use of current diagnostic and treatment guidelines.Main Results13% of those asked had received formal concussion training. Only 35% used any formal concussion assessment tool, SCAT3 was the most common. 35.6% and 15.6% of trainees prescribe physical and cognitive rest respectively to all of their concussion patients. All of his has led to only 20% of those questioned providing a return to play plan to their patients following concussion diagnosis. One sample t-tests found all of these findings were statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionsOur results show that despite concussion’s increasing media profile worldwide, GP and emergency medicine trainee’s in the west of Ireland remain ill informed of the appropriate diagnostic and treatment protocols. It is felt that this is likely representative of trainee knowledge levels nationwide, although a larger demographic is needed to prove this. In conjunction with acquired brain injury Ireland we have created a new concussion pathway for Sligo University Hospital which includes diagnostic aids and outpatient treatment options for our locality.Competing interestsNone
Integration of computerised dynamic posturography (equitest) in the rehabilitation process after concussion
Authors: Karin Mani , Nina Feddermann , Cornelia Meier , Alfred Müller , Dominik Straumann , Cornelia Meier , Mario Bizzini 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveVertigo, dizziness and visual problems are among the main symptoms of a prolong course after concussion. Adequate diagnostic tools are rare. The computerized sensory organization test (SOT) differentiates the sensory integration between somatosensory, vision, vestibular and visual preference. This analysis may help to create an individual rehabilitation program and observe the progress.DesignCase series.SettingRehabilitation center.ParticipantsAmong 31 post-injury tested athletes with a diagnosed concussion 5 male professional players completed a follow-up test by the end of April 2016. Interventions: 5 players performed a post-injury baseline on the computerized dynamic posturograph (Equitest) and repeated the test as follow-up after personalized vestibulo-oculomotor therapy and improvement of symptoms during the rehabilitation process.Outcome measuresOutcome measures were total score (calculated by 6 SOT conditions) and identification of the integrational deficits (calculated by results of sensory analysis). Both values serve to guide and monitor the individual rehabilitation.Main resultsAt post-injury baseline a deficient total score and vestibular impairment was verified in all 5 athletes. After specific individualized vestibulo-oculomotor therapy and a significant reduction of symptoms the follow-up test demonstrated improvement in total score (22% ± 10% SD) to a point where entering intensive training (return to play protocol stage 3) was recommended. Regarding the vestibular system patients improved their score 57% ± 20% SD.ConclusionsThe computerized SOT can be a useful tool to identify specific sensory deficits and to help specify post-injury therapy and observe the individual rehabilitation process regarding the return to play protocol. Further research is required.Competing interestsNone.
Single-task and dual-task tandem gait test performance after concussion
Authors: Howell David R , Osternig Louis R , Chou Li-Shan 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo examine tandem gait test (TGT) performance during single-task and dual-task conditions.DesignProspective, longitudinal observational studySettingMotion analysis laboratoryParticipantsTen post-concussion (30% F, 19.0 [95% CI=15.6–22.4] years) and 7 control (57% F, 20.0 [16.7 -23.3] years) participants completed the TGT in single-task and dual-task conditions within 72 hours of sustaining a concussion and again at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months post-injury. Exclusion criteria included a current lower extremity injury, diagnosed learning disability, or documented prior concussion within the past year.Independent variablesTGT trials were performed without (single-task) and while concurrently performing a cognitive test (dual-task).Outcome measuresParticipants completed 3 trials in each condition while whole body motion capture was performed. Outcome variables included the average completion time for the 3 trials, mean center-of-mass gait velocity, and cadence.Main resultsConcussion participants took significantly longer to complete the dual-task TGT than controls (16.4 [13.4 -19.4] vs. 10.1 [6.4 -13.7] seconds) at the 72 hour, 1 week, and 2 week time points (p=.03); single-task TGT times were significantly lower 72 hours post-injury only (p=.04). Cadence was significantly lower for concussion participants across the two month testing period during dual-task TGT (89.5 [68.6 -110.4] vs. 127.0 [97.4 -156.6] steps/minute; p=.04). Mean gait velocity was lower for concussion participants at 72 hours post-injury in both conditions.ConclusionsDual-task TGT deficits lasted longer for concussion participants than single-task TGT deficits. Including a secondary task during dynamic assessments of gait after concussion may increase the sensitivity to movement deficits that are undetectable using single-tasks.Competing interestsThe authors have no conflicts of interest to report.
Assessing knowledge and attitudes towards concussion in irish footballers
Authors: Gallagher Connor , Falvey Eanna 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo assess current levels of knowledge and attitude towards concussion in Irish soccer players and compare findings with other athletic groups.DesignParticipants completed a paper bases Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey (RoCKAS). Results were collated and analysed using descriptive statistics to look for correlation between player subgroups.SettingUCD AFC training facility, Dublin, Ireland.ParticipantsSeventy male semi-professional and amateur League of Ireland players. Participants had to be registered players of UCD AFCOutcome measuresAll 70 participants completed the questionnaire and passed the RoCKAS internal validity scale.Main resultsIrish players showed good concussion knowledge, broadly safe attitudes and good symptom recognition awareness. There is a positive association between safer concussion attitudes and player age (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.258, p-value 0.031), although no such relationship existed between attitude and years of playing experience (p>0.05). There were no differences found in either knowledge or attitude in the subgroup of players who have a previous history of concussion. There was no association found between higher levels of player concussion knowledge and higher attitude scores (Correlation co-efficient 0.222, p-value 0.064).Current study knowledge scores were higher than those of English professional players (p ≤ 0.01) but lower than NCAA hockey players (p ≤ 0.01) but attitude scores across the three groups were similar. (Tables 5&6)1,2Concussed Irish soccer players are less inclined to continue playing in an important game than their amateur rugby union counterparts (4.3% versus 76.0%).3ConclusionSafer attitudes surrounding concussion are related to increasing player age, not necessarily playing experience. Higher player knowledge does not necessarily confer safer attitudes towards concussion. Future prevention strategies that serve to only educate players may not be effective unless they tackle the reasons players are likely to engage in unsafe behaviour.Competing interestsNone.Abstract 160 Table 5Pearson correletion co-efficient values comparing concussion knowledge (CKI) and attitude (CAI) among study sub groups.Abstract 160 Table 6Comparison of current study to previous other studies using the RoCKAS concussion knowledge and attitude questionaire.