bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polydatin ameliorates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage through up-regulating SIRT1 to suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Han Yuwei , Hao Guangzhi , Han Song , Zhu Tingzhun , Dong Yushu , Chen Ligang , Yang Xinyu , Li Xiaoming , Jin Hai , Liang Guobiao 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of Polydatin (PD) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.MethodsA standard intravascular puncture model was established to mimic SAH in mice. Neurological functions were assessed using neurological scoring, Grip test, and Morris water maze. Brain edema and Evans blue extravasation were measured to evaluate blood-brain barrier permeability. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were performed to examine protein and mRNA expressions related to ER stress. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to detect cell apoptosis, and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of the endoplasmic reticulum.ResultsThe results indicated that PD significantly reduced brain edema and Evans blue extravasation after SAH, improving neurological function. Compared to the SAH group, the expression levels of ER stress-related proteins including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), were significantly lower in the PD-treated group. Moreover, PD significantly enhances the protein expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Validation with sh-SIRT1 confirmed the critical role of SIRT1 in ER stress, with PD’s inhibitory effect on ER stress being dependent on SIRT1 expression. Additionally, PD attenuated ER stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis and SAH-induced ferroptosis through upregulation of SIRT1.ConclusionPD alleviates ER stress following SAH by upregulating SIRT1 expression, thereby mitigating early brain injury. The protective effects of PD are mediated through SIRT1, which inhibits ER stress and reduces neuronal apoptosis and ferroptosis.
A framework for modeling performers' beat-to-beat heart intervals using music features and Interpretation Maps
Authors: Soliński Mateusz , Reed Courtney N. , Chew Elaine 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveMusic strongly modulates our autonomic nervous system. This modulation is evident in musicians' beat-to-beat heart (RR) intervals, a marker of heart rate variability (HRV), and can be related to music features and structures. We present a novel approach to modeling musicians' RR interval variations, analyzing detailed components within a music piece to extract continuous music features and annotations of musicians' performance decisions.MethodsA professional ensemble (violinist, cellist, and pianist) performs Schubert's Trio No. 2, Op. 100, Andante con moto nine times during rehearsals. RR interval series are collected from each musician using wireless ECG sensors. Linear mixed models are used to predict their RR intervals based on music features (tempo, loudness, note density), interpretive choices (Interpretation Map), and a starting factor.ResultsThe models explain approximately half of the variability of the RR interval series for all musicians, with R-squared = 0.606 (violinist), 0.494 (cellist), and 0.540 (pianist). The features with the strongest predictive values were loudness, climax, moment of concern, and starting factor.ConclusionsThe method revealed the relative effects of different music features on autonomic response. For the first time, we show a strong link between an interpretation map and RR interval changes. Modeling autonomic response to music stimuli is important for developing medical and non-medical interventions. Our models can serve as a framework for estimating performers' physiological reactions using only music information that could also apply to listeners.
Low literacy skills in adults can be largely explained by basic linguistic and domain-general predictors
Authors: Vágvölgyi Réka , Sahlender Moritz , Schröter Hannes , Nagengast Benjamin , Dresler Thomas , Schrader Josef , Nuerk Hans-Christoph 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionDespite having sufficient formal education, a large group of people cannot complete everyday tasks like reading, writing, or making basic calculations. Regarding reading, millions of people are not able to understand more complex texts despite the ability to read simple words or sentences; they have low literacy skills. Even though this problem has been known for decades, the causes and predictors of their poor reading comprehension skills are not fully explored. Socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and reading-related (i.e., linguistic) factors, especially of English-speaking participants and thus users of an opaque orthography, were often assessed. The goal of this study was to examine which linguistic, domain-general, or numerical factors predict substandard complex text reading as the core symptom of low literacy skills in adulthood.MethodsTo this end, we assessed a group of German-speaking participants—users of a transparent orthography—who are at risk for complex text reading deficits.ResultsThe results indicated that linguistic variables (reduced word/pseudoword reading, weaker oral semantic and grammatical comprehension), working memory, and age predicted lower performance in text comprehension. This model explained 73% of the total variance, indicating that most of the deficits in complex text reading can be explained by a group of basic underlying linguistic and domain-general factors.DiscussionWe conclude that interventions for adults with low literacy skills and others at risk for complex text reading deficits should address word/pseudoword reading and focus on both written and oral comprehension.
Spinal cord injury due to road traffic accident in the pre-hospital phase: a grounded theory study in an Iranian context
Authors: Sepahvand Elham , Khankeh Hamidreza , Hosseini Mohammadali , Akhbari Behnam 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionSpinal cord injury is a devastating outcome for individuals and a major public health problem that leads to sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction and permanent disabilities. Thus, it is necessary to identify the causes of disability and injury both in the accident phase and in the post-accident phase. This study aimed to develop a theory based on which this complex environment can be discovered.MethodsThis research was a grounded theory study with the constant comparative analysis recommended by Corbin and Strauss in 2015. Participants in this study included 24 Participants were selected from Rofideh Rehabilitation Hospital and Shahid Jalaeipour Spinal Cord Injury Center of Tehran city in 2020. A semi-structured interview with an interview guide was used for data collection. Purposeful sampling method was performed within 10 months until data saturation. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used to assess the scientific accuracy and validity of the study.FindingsThe results of interviews showed that “uncertainty” was identified as the most important concern of the injured people, and “trying to save the injured” was identified as the most important concern of the witnesses and families of the injured people. The main categories included “emotional interaction,” “overwhelming anxiety,” “the scene shock,” “misunderstanding of the delay,” “inadequate emergency service,” and “insufficient understanding of the injury.”ConclusionIn a traffic accident, uncertainty about the situation is the main concern of everyone at the crash scene, from pre-hospital emergency personnel, traffic police, and law enforcement officer to the patient’s companions and other witnesses. Further research is needed to shed more light on this issue.
Magnitude of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in governmental health facilities of Shashemene Town, Oromia region, Ethiopia
Authors: Nasir Mekiya , Ayele Habtamu Molla , Aman Rameto , Hussein Kelil 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionAnemia during pregnancy is a common issue that significantly affects the health of both the mother and her child. Globally, anemia is a major public health concern, affecting both developing and developed countries, with approximately 1.3 billion people affected. Pregnant women are among the most vulnerable to anemia.ObjectiveTo assess the magnitude and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Shashemene Town, Oromia, Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 391 pregnant women in Shashemene Town in April 2022. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires, along with laboratory examinations of blood and stool samples. The data were entered into EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Bivariate logistic regression was performed, and variables with a p-value of &lt;0.25 were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with anemia. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CIs were calculated, and a p-value of &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Finally, the results are presented using narration, descriptive statistics, such as tables, graphs, and charts.ResultsThe prevalence of anemia was found to be 30.9% (95% CI: 26.4, 35.4%). Factors significantly associated with a reduced risk of anemia included high dietary diversity (AOR = 0.217, 95% CI: 0.105–0.451), no history of excessive menstrual bleeding (AOR = 0.162, 95% CI 0.076–0.345), age 25–34 years (AOR = 0.391, 95% CI 0.173–0.883), and age ≥ 35 years (AOR = 0.068, 95% CI 0.011–0.444). Conversely, a mild upper arm circumference (MUAC) of &lt;23 cm (AOR = 4.939, 95% CI 2.330–10.469), no use of contraceptives (AOR = 4.935, 95% CI 2.207–11.032), and no iron supplementation use (AOR = 3.588, 95% CI 1.794–7.175) were significantly associated with an increased risk of anemia.ConclusionAccording to the WHO classification, anemia in this study was found to be a moderate public health issue. High dietary diversity, no previous excessive menstrual bleeding, and age were significantly associated with a reduced risk of anemia, whereas a MUAC of &lt;23 cm, no contraceptive use, and no iron supplementation were significantly associated with an increased risk of anemia. Therefore, promoting diverse diets among pregnant women, providing counseling on the benefits of family planning and iron-folic acid supplements, and improving women’s education and empowerment are essential.
Health-promoting behavior and its determinants towards non-communicable diseases among adult residents of the Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia: the application of the health belief model
Authors: Hareru Habtamu Endashaw , Mamo Tizalegn Tesfaye , Abebe Mesfin , Debela Berhanu Gidisa 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundNon-communicable diseases are becoming a challenge for the health care system in Ethiopia, which has suffered a double burden from infectious and rapidly increasing non-communicable diseases. However, there is little information on health-promoting behavior in the study settings. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine health-promoting behaviors and its associated factors among adult's residents of Gedeo zone.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 705 adult residents of Gedeo zone, south Ethiopia, selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Interviews administered through a structured questionnaire were used to collect the data. The data were entered using Kobo Collect and analyzed using Stata version 17. The baseline characteristics of the participants were summarized using descriptive statistics. The independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare two groups and more than two groups, respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the potential determinants of health-promoting behavior and its components. Statistically significant factors were declared at p-value of less than or equal to 0.05.ResultsThe overall means score for health-promoting behavior was 73.88 ± 16.79. Physical activity and spiritual growth had the lowest and highest mean scores, respectively. The variables: gender, marital status, education, family history of NCDs, health insurance status, perceived health status, knowledge of NCD risk factors, risk perception of NCDs, expected outcome, cues to action, and self-efficacy showed a statistically significant difference in overall health-promoting behavior. The total health-promoting behavior score was associated with age, gender, perceived health status, marital status, family history of NCDs, health insurance, knowledge of NCD risk factors, perceived threat, expected outcome, self-efficacy, and cues to action.Conclusion and recommendationsIn the study, the mean score of health-promoting behaviors was low. Socio-demographic and economic variables, family history of NCD, perceived health status, knowledge of NCD risk factors, perceived threat, expected outcome, self-efficacy, and cues to action affect health-promoting behaviors. Therefore, the study suggests establishing health promotion programs to increase residents' awareness of health-promoting lifestyles, empower them to adopt healthy lifestyles, and improve health outcomes by increasing self-efficacy, providing education, and creating supportive environments.
Effect of Pulsed Electric Field on the Drying Kinetics of Apple Slices during Vacuum-Assisted Microwave Drying: Experimental, Mathematical and Computational Intelligence Approaches
Authors: Rashvand Mahdi , Nadimi Mohammad , Paliwal Jitendra , Zhang Hongwei , Feyissa Aberham Hailu 
Published: September 2024

One of the challenges in the drying process is decreasing the drying time while preserving the product quality. This work aimed to assess the impact of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment with varying specific energy levels (15.2–26.8 kJ/kg) in conjunction with a microwave vacuum dryer (operating at energy levels of 100, 200 and 300 W) on the kinetics of drying apple slices (cv. Gravenstein). The findings demonstrated a notable reduction in the moisture ratio with the application of pulsed electric field treatment. Based on the findings, implementing PEF reduced the drying time from 4.2 to 31.4% compared to the untreated sample. Moreover, two mathematical models (viz. Page and Weibull) and two machine learning techniques (viz. artificial neural network and support vector regression) were used to predict the moisture ratio of the dried samples. Page’s and Weibull’s models predicted the moisture ratios with R2 = 0.958 and 0.970, respectively. The optimal topology of machine learning to predict the moisture ratio was derived based on the influential parameters within the artificial neural network (i.e., training algorithm, transfer function and hidden layer neurons) and support vector regression (kernel function). The performance of the artificial neural network (R2 = 0.998, RMSE = 0.038 and MAE = 0.024) surpassed that of support vector regression (R2 = 0.994, RMSE = 0.012 and MAE = 0.009). Overall, the machine learning approach outperformed the mathematical models in terms of performance. Hence, machine learning can be used effectively for both predicting the moisture ratio and facilitating online monitoring and control of the drying processes. Lastly, the attributes of the dried apple slices, including color, mechanical properties and sensory analysis, were evaluated. Drying apple slices using PEF treatment and 100 W of microwave energy not only reduces drying time but also maintains the chemical properties such as the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity), vitamin C, color and sensory qualities of the product.
The Genus Chaetogaster Baer, 1827 (Annelida, Clitellata) in Switzerland: A First Step toward Cataloguing Its Molecular Diversity and Description of New Species on a DNA Sequence Basis
Authors: Vivien Régis , Lafont Michel , Issartel Colin , Ferrari Benoît J. D. , Martin Patrick 
Published: September 2024

The genus Chaetogaster belongs to the subfamily Naidinae (Naididae); it includes mostly species of small size and is diverse and abundant in surface coarse sediments in streams. The aim of the present study is to initiate an inventory of lineages (=species) of Chaetogaster in Switzerland. We used 135 specimens collected at 6 sites in 4 streams of 4 cantons. We sequenced the cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene from all specimens and ITS2 and rDNA 28S from all or several specimens of each lineage that was delimited using COI data, and preserved, for morphological identifications, the anterior part of almost all sequenced specimens. We were able to delimit, based on the calculation of genetic distances and analyses of single-locus data, one lineage for Chaetogaster diaphanus (Gruithuisen, 1828), three within Chaetogaster diastrophus (Gruithuisen, 1828), one for Chaetogaster langi Brestcher, 1896, one for Chaetogaster setosus Svetlov, 1925, and three unidentified Chaetogaster spp. Two lineages of Chaetogaster spp. could correspond to a new morphological group, but this should be confirmed in more specimens. We proposed a new identification key of the nominal species and described the three C. diastrophus lineages and two Chaetogaster spp. as new species. The prospects of the present work are to complete the data of the molecular diversity of this genus in Switzerland and to describe the newly found Chaetogaster species on a molecular/morphological basis.
Phytopathological situation in the soil as a component of the urban (urbanized) environment
Authors: Ларина Г.Е. 
Published: September 2024

В городской среде под влиянием растительности в корневой зоне идут процессы активного почвообразования с участием большого разнообразия биоты, в т.ч. фитопатогенной. Структура почвенного микробного сообщества представлена разными экологическими группами дрожжеподобных грибов, актиномицетов, бактерий, микромицетов и др., обилие которых активно изменяется в условиях города, в том числе, под влиянием мероприятий, проводимых по содержанию зеленых насаждений (агротехнические и агрохимические работы). В условиях урбанизированной среды у древесных растений снижена устойчивость к возбудителям болезней и вредителям, конкурентоспособность по отношению к сорным растениям. Это приводит к формированию в корневой зоне «критических» нарушений или «микологических эффектов», снижению фунгистазиса почв. Формирование ассоциации фитопатогенов в корневой зоне и ризосфере является индикатором роста фитотоксичности почвы (в т.ч. почвоутомление), подавления фунгистазиса почвы и направленного снижения функциональности зеленых насаждений.
In the urban environment, under the influence of vegetation in the root zone, processes of active soil formation take place with the participation of a wide variety of biota, incl. phytopathogenic. The structure of the soil microbial community is represented by different ecological groups of yeast-like fungi, actinomycetes, bacteria, micromycetes, etc., the abundance of which is actively changing in the city, including under the influence of measures taken to maintain green spaces (agrotechnical and agrochemical works). In the conditions of an urbanized environment, woody plants have reduced resistance to pathogens and pests, competitiveness in relation to weeds. This leads to the formation of “critical” disturbances or “mycological effects” in the root zone, and a decrease in soil fungistasis. The formation of an association of phytopathogens in the root zone and rhizosphere is an indicator of an increase in soil phytotoxicity (including soil fatigue), suppression of soil fungistasis, and a directed decrease in the functionality of green spaces.
Demonstration of SiC n-channel MOSFETs fabricated on a high-purity semi-insulating substrate and investigation of the short-channel effects
Authors: Toshimitsu Shion , Tachiki Keita , Kaneko Mitsuaki , Kimoto Tsunenobu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
N-channel MOSFETs fabricated on a high-purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H-SiC substrate were demonstrated. The fabricated MOSFETs exhibited normally-off transistor operation and the peak field effect mobility (μ
FE,peak) was 30 cm2 V−1 s−1, which was lower than that of the p−-body MOSFETs (N
A = 2 × 1015 cm−3). The critical channel length (L
crit) was 1.48 μm for the HPSI MOSFETs, which was shorter than that for the p−-body MOSFETs. In the HPSI MOSFETs, electrons trapped by the compensating defects in the HPSI substrate increase as the Fermi level moves up, which may be the main cause for the resulting low μ
FE,peak and short L
crit.
DOKTRIN ETIKA POLITIK TERHADAP LEMBAGA NEGARA DI INDONESIA MENURUT PANDANGAN NURCHOLISH MAJID
Authors: Pratama Muh. Iqbal , Chalid Aslim , Kurniati Kurniati 
Published: September 2024

Permasalah pokok dalam lembaga negara yang mungkin saat ini terjadi adalah kurangnya kesadaran dari para pejabat negara mengenai pentingnya penerapan etika politik dalam menjalankan tugas dan wewenangnya. Berkaitan dengan doktrin etika politik menurut Nurcholish Majid, menurut beliau etika politik ini berlandaskan pada nilai-nilai agama dan moralitas yang tinggi, serta menjunjung tinggi prinsip demokrasi, keadilan, dan kesejahteraan rakyat. Nurcholish Madjid menekankan pentingnya integritas moral bagi para pemimpin dan pejabat negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan, yaitu mencari beberapa referensi mengenai “Doktrin Etika Politik terhadap Lembaga Negara di Indonesia Menurut Pandangan Nurcholish Majid”. Dengan ini mereka harus menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai kejujuran, amanah, dan keadilan dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Selain itu, mereka juga harus berkomitmen pada kepentingan rakyat dan bebas dari korupsi dan penyalahgunaan kekuasaan. Lembaga negara juga harus berperan aktif dalam mewujudkan keadilan sosial dan kesejahteraan rakyat. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan merumuskan dan melaksanakan kebijakan yang pro-rakyat, memperkuat sistem hukum dan peradilan, serta meningkatkan akses masyarakat terhadap pendidikan dan lain sebagainya. Doktrin etika politik Nurcholish Madjid menawarkan kerangka berpikir yang ideal bagi lembaga negara di Indonesia. Dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip ini, lembaga negara dapat menjalankan fungsinya dengan lebih efektif, akuntabel, serta mewujudkan cita-cita kemerdekaan bangsa. Saran ke masyarakat agar bisa turut serta dalam mengawasi dan bisa memberi masukan terhadap kinerja dari pejabat negara yang ada didalam Lembaga Negara itu sendiri