bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the Ganges‐Brahmaputra River Plume by the Indian Ocean Dipole and Eddies Inferred From Satellite Observations
Authors: Fournier S. , Vialard J. , Lengaigne M. , Lee T. , Gierach M. M. , Chaitanya A. V. S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Bay of Bengal receives large amounts of freshwater from the Ganga‐Brahmaputra (GB) river during the summer monsoon. The resulting upper‐ocean freshening influences seasonal rainfall, cyclones, and biological productivity. Sparse in situ observations and previous modeling studies suggest that the East India Coastal Current (EICC) transports these freshwaters southward after the monsoon as an approximately 200 km wide, 2,000 km long “river in the sea” along the East Indian coast. Sea surface salinity (SSS) from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite provides unprecedented views of this peculiar feature from intraseasonal to interannual timescales. SMAP SSS has a 0.83 correlation and 0.49 rms‐difference to 0–5 m in situ measurements. SMAP and in stu data both indicate a SSS standard deviation of ∼0.7 to 1 away from the coast, that rises to 2 pss within 100 km of the coast, providing a very favorable signal‐to‐noise ratio in coastal areas. SMAP also captures the strong northern BoB, postmonsoon cross‐shore SSS contrasts (∼10 pss) measured along ship transects. SMAP data are also consistent with previous modeling results that suggested a modulation of the EICC/GB plume southward extent by the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Remote forcing associated with the negative Indian Ocean Dipole in the fall of 2016 indeed caused a stronger EICC and “river in the sea” that extended by approximately 800 km further south than that in 2015 (positive IOD year). The combination of SMAP and altimeter data shows eddies stirring the freshwater plume away from the coast.
An Improved Triple Collocation Analysis Algorithm for Decomposing Autocorrelated and White Soil Moisture Retrieval Errors
Authors: Dong Jianzhi , Crow Wade T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIf not properly account for, autocorrelated retrieval errors can lead to inaccurate results in soil moisture data analysis and reanalysis. Here we propose a more generalized form of the triple collocation analysis algorithm (GTC) capable of decomposing the total error variance of remotely sensed surface soil moisture retrievals into their autocorrelated and the serially white components. Synthetic tests demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of GTC—even in the presence of significant temporal data gaps. However, the accuracy of GTC error autoregressive parameter estimates is relatively more sensitive to temporal data availability. In addition, land surface model soil moisture predictions collected from phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System and remotely sensed surface soil moisture retrievals obtained from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) are applied for a real data demonstration. Despite expectations to the contrary, significant error autocorrelation is found in the remotely sensed‐based ESA CCI soil moisture data sets. In particular, ESA CCI‐Act (i.e., the subset of ESA CCI soil moisture retrievals based on active scattomotter data) demonstrates the largest autoregressive parameters over low biomass areas. Conversely, ESA CCI‐Pas retrievals (based on passive radiometer data) have larger error autoregressive parameters over high biomass areas. As such, results clarify circumstances in which errors in remotely sensed surface soil moisture retrievals cannot be considered serially white.
Satellite Ocean Aerosol Retrieval (SOAR) Algorithm Extension to S‐NPP VIIRS as Part of the “Deep Blue” Aerosol Project
Authors: Sayer A. M. , Hsu N. C. , Lee J. , Bettenhausen C. , Kim W. V. , Smirnov A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Suomi National Polar‐Orbiting Partnership (S‐NPP) satellite, launched in late 2011, carries the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and several other instruments. VIIRS has similar characteristics to prior satellite sensors used for aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval, allowing the continuation of space‐based aerosol data records. The Deep Blue algorithm has previously been applied to retrieve AOD from Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements over land. The SeaWiFS Deep Blue data set also included a SeaWiFS Ocean Aerosol Retrieval (SOAR) algorithm to cover water surfaces. As part of NASA's VIIRS data processing, Deep Blue is being applied to VIIRS data over land, and SOAR has been adapted from SeaWiFS to VIIRS for use over water surfaces. This study describes SOAR as applied in version 1 of NASA's S‐NPP VIIRS Deep Blue data product suite. Several advances have been made since the SeaWiFS application, as well as changes to make use of the broader spectral range of VIIRS. A preliminary validation against Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) measurements suggests a typical uncertainty on retrieved 550 nm AOD of order ±(0.03+10%), comparable to existing SeaWiFS/MODIS aerosol data products. Retrieved Ångström exponent and fine‐mode AOD fraction are also well correlated with MAN data, with small biases and uncertainty similar to or better than SeaWiFS/MODIS products.
Mathematical Modelling of Arctic Polygonal Tundra with Ecosys: 2. Microtopography Determines How CO2 and CH4 Exchange Responds to Changes in Temperature and Precipitation
Authors: Grant R. F. , Mekonnen Z. A. , Riley W. J. , Arora B. , Torn M. S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDifferences of surface elevation in arctic polygonal landforms cause spatial variation in soil water contents (θ), active layer depths (ALD), and thereby in CO2 and CH4 exchange. Here we test hypotheses in ecosys for topographic controls on CO2 and CH4 exchange in trough, rim, and center features of low‐ and flat‐centered polygons (LCP and FCP) against chamber and eddy covariance (EC) measurements during 2013 at Barrow, Alaska. Larger CO2 influxes and CH4 effluxes were measured with chambers and modeled with ecosys in LCPs than in FCPs and in lower features (troughs) than in higher (rims) within LCPs and FCPs. Spatially aggregated CO2 and CH4 fluxes from ecosys were significantly correlated with EC flux measurements. Lower features were modeled as C sinks (52–56 g C m−2 yr−1) and CH4 sources (4–6 g C m−2 yr−1), and higher features as near C neutral (−2–15 g C m−2 yr−1) and CH4 neutral (0.0–0.1 g C m−2 yr−1). Much of the spatial and temporal variations in CO2 and CH4 fluxes were modeled from topographic effects on water and snow movement and thereby on θ, ALD, and soil O2 concentrations. Model results forced with meteorological data from 1981 to 2015 indicated increasing net primary productivity in higher features and CH4 emissions in some lower and higher features since 2008, attributed mostly to recent rises in precipitation. Small‐scale variation in surface elevation causes large spatial variation of greenhouse gas (GHG) exchanges and therefore should be considered in estimates of GHG exchange in polygonal landscapes.
Birth and death of a phantom
Authors: Dieguez Sebastian , Kaeser Mélanie , Roux Camille , Cottet Jérôme , Annoni Jean‐Marie , Schmidlin Eric 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPatients with supernumerary phantom limb report experiencing an additional limb duplicating its physical counterpart, usually following a stroke with sensorimotor disturbances. Here, we report a short‐lasting case of a right upper supernumerary phantom limb with unusual visuomotor features in a healthy participant during a pure Jacksonian motor seizure unexpectedly induced by continuous Theta‐Burst Stimulation over the left primary motor cortex. Electromyographic correlates of the event followed the phenomenological pattern of sudden appearance and brutal dissolution of the phantom, adding credit to the hypothesis that supernumerary phantom limb results from a dynamic resolution of conflictual multimodal information.
Mechanical Properties in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges for Device Functionality and Technological Applications
Authors: Burtch Nicholas C. , Heinen Jurn , Bennett Thomas D. , Dubbeldam David , Allendorf Mark D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSome of the most remarkable recent developments in metal–organic framework (MOF) performance properties can only be rationalized by the mechanical properties endowed by their hybrid inorganic–organic nanoporous structures. While these characteristics create intriguing application prospects, the same attributes also present challenges that will need to be overcome to enable the integration of MOFs with technologies where these promising traits can be exploited. In this review, emerging opportunities and challenges are identified for MOF‐enabled device functionality and technological applications that arise from their fascinating mechanical properties. This is discussed not only in the context of their more well‐studied gas storage and separation applications, but also for instances where MOFs serve as components of functional nanodevices. Recent advances in understanding MOF mechanical structure–property relationships due to attributes such as defects and interpenetration are highlighted, and open questions related to state‐of‐the‐art computational approaches for quantifying their mechanical properties are critically discussed.
Solution Adsorption Formation of a π‐Conjugated Polymer/Graphene Composite for High‐Performance Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Liu Yun , Hao Wei , Yao Huiying , Li Shuzhou , Wu Yuchen , Zhu Jia , Jiang Lei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSemiconducting polymers with π‐conjugated electronic structures have potential application in the large‐scale printable fabrication of high‐performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, owing to their poor environmental stability and high‐cost synthesis, polymer semiconductors possess limited device implementation. Here, an approach for constructing a π‐conjugated polymer/graphene composite material to circumvent these limitations is provided, and then this material is patterned into 1D arrays. Driven by the π–π interaction, several‐layer polymers can be adsorbed onto the graphene planes. The low consumption of the high‐cost semiconductor polymers and the mass production of graphene contribute to the low‐cost fabrication of the π‐conjugated polymer/graphene composite materials. Based on the π‐conjugated system, a reduced π–π stacking distance between graphene and the polymer can be achieved, yielding enhanced charge‐transport properties. Owing to the incorporation of graphene, the composite material shows improved thermal stability. More generally, it is believed that the construction of the π‐conjugated composite shows clear possibility of integrating organic molecules and 2D materials into microstructure arrays for property‐by‐design fabrication of functional devices with large area, low cost, and high efficiency.
Optical Properties of 2D Semiconductor WS2
Authors: Cong Chunxiao , Shang Jingzhi , Wang Yanlong , Yu Ting 
Published: November 2017

Abstract2D semiconductor tungsten disulfide (WS2) attracts significant interest in both fundamental physics and many promising applications such as light emitters, photodetectors/sensors, valleytronics, and flexible nanoelectronics, due to its fascinating optical, electronic, and mechanical properties. Herein, basic exciton properties of monolayer WS2 are reviewed including neutral excitons, charged excitons, bounded excitons, biexcitons, and the effects of electrostatic gating, chemical doping, strain, magnetic field, circular polarized light, and substrate on these excitonic structures. Besides basic excitonic emission, single‐photon emission, exciton–polaritons, and stimulated emission in monolayer WS2 are also discussed. The understanding of these optical phenomena is critical for the development of potential optical applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Finally, a summary and future prospective of the challengers and developments regarding 2D semiconductor WS2 is presented.
Potassium 2‐oxo‐3‐enoates as Effective and Versatile Surrogates for α, β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes in NHC‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Gao Yaru , Ma Yafei , Xu Chen , Li Lin , Yang Tianjian , Sima Guoqing , Fu Zhenqian , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPotassium 2‐oxo‐3‐enoates, which are readily prepared at scale and easily stored, have been found to be effective and versatile surrogates for α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes in NHC‐catalyzed asymmetric reactions. Promoted by chiral N‐heterocyclic carbenes combined with LiCl, these easy‐to‐handle solid salts could release of CO2 and then undergo asymmetric reactions via homoenolate and α, β‐unsaturated acyl azolium intermediate. The reactions have broad substrate scopes with high enantioselectivities.magnified image
Size‐Controlled Graphene Nanodot Arrays/ZnO Hybrids for High‐Performance UV Photodetectors
Authors: Tang Ruidie , Han Sancan , Teng Feng , Hu Kai , Zhang Zhiming , Hu Mingxiang , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGraphene nanodots (GNDs) are one of the most attractive graphene nanostructures due to their tunable optoelectronic properties. Fabricated by polystyrene‐nanosphere lithography, uniformly sized graphene nanodots array (GNDA) is constructed as an ultraviolet photodetector (PD) with ZnO nanofilm spin coated on it. The size of GNDA can be well controlled from 45 to 20 nm varying the etching time. It is revealed in the study that the photoelectric properties of ZnO/GNDA PD are highly GNDA size‐dependent. The highest responsivity (R) and external quantum efficiency of ZnO/GNDA (20 nm) PD are 22.55 mA W−1 and 9.32%, almost twofold of that of ZnO PD. Both ZnO/GNDA (20 nm) PD and ZnO/GNDA (30 nm) PD exhibit much faster response speed under on/off switching light and have shorter rise/decay time compared with ZnO PD. However, as the size of GNDA increase to 45 nm, the PD appears poor performance. The size‐dependent phenomenon can be explained by the energy band alignments in ZnO/GNDA hybrids. These efforts reveal the enhancement of GNDs on traditional photodetectors with tunable optoelectronic properties and hold great potential to pave a new way to explore the various remarkable photodetection performances by controlling the size of the nanostructures.
Assessment of cumulative health risk in the World Trade Center general responder cohort
Authors: Bello Ghalib A. , Teitelbaum Susan L. , Lucchini Roberto G. , Dasaro Christopher R. , Shapiro Moshe , Kaplan Julia R. , Crane Michael A. , Harrison Denise J. , Luft Benjamin J. , Moline Jacqueline M. , Udasin Iris G. , Todd Andrew C. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundMultiple comorbidities have been reported among rescue/recovery workers responding to the 9/11/2001 WTC disaster. In this study, we developed an index that quantifies the cumulative physiological burden of comorbidities and predicts life expectancy in this cohort.MethodsA machine learning approach (gradient boosting) was used to model the relationship between mortality and several clinical parameters (laboratory test results, blood pressure, pulmonary function measures). This model was used to construct a risk index, which was validated by assessing its association with a number of health outcomes within the WTC general responder cohort.ResultsThe risk index showed significant associations with mortality, self‐assessed physical health, and onset of multiple chronic conditions, particularly COPD, hypertension, asthma, and sleep apnea.ConclusionAs an aggregate of several clinical parameters, this index serves as a cumulative measure of physiological dysregulation and could be utilized as a prognostic indicator of life expectancy and morbidity risk.
The clinical ultrasound report: Guideline for sonographers
Authors: Necas Martin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe reporting roles of sonographers in Australasia vary considerably. A large number of sonographers already routinely produce formal reports, while others are moving into clinical ultrasound roles where reporting is expected. This article summarises the best practice in reporting of ultrasound examinations based on international literature and addresses key topics including report structure, clinical content, style and language. Numerous examples and sample phrases are provided and common pitfalls are discussed.
Doppelt regioselektive asymmetrische C‐Allylierung von Isoxazolinonen: Iridium‐katalysierte N‐Allylierung mit nachfolgender Aza‐Cope‐Umlagerung
Authors: Rieckhoff Stefan , Meisner Jan , Kästner Johannes , Frey Wolfgang , Peters René 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIsoxazolinone sind biologisch und synthetisch interessante, dicht funktionalisierte Heterocyclen, die lange Zeit nicht in enantiomerenangereicherter Form über asymmetrische Katalyse zugänglich waren. Neben dem Mangel an enantioselektiven Methoden ist die Funktionalisierung der Isoxazolinone oft durch Regioselektivitätsprobleme aufgrund der Konkurrenz mehrerer nukleophiler Zentren innerhalb der Heterocyclen erschwert. Hier beschreiben wir die erste regio‐ und enantioselektive C‐Allylierung von Isoxazolinonen. Diese verlief mit hoher Regioselektivität zugunsten eines linearen Allylierungsprodukts, obwohl Iridium‐Phosphoramidit‐Katalysatoren üblicherweise verzweigte Isomere bilden. Unsere Studien deuten darauf hin, dass dies eine Folge einer Reaktionskaskade ist. Eine anfängliche regio‐ und enantioselektive N‐Allylierung bildet ein verzweigtes Allylintermediat, und eine nachfolgende spontane [3,3]‐Umlagerung ermöglicht einen Chiralitätstransfer.
Double Regioselective Asymmetric C‐Allylation of Isoxazolinones: Iridium‐Catalyzed N‐Allylation Followed by an Aza‐Cope Rearrangement
Authors: Rieckhoff Stefan , Meisner Jan , Kästner Johannes , Frey Wolfgang , Peters René 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIsoxazolinones are biologically and synthetically interesting densely functionalized heterocycles, which for a long time were not accessible in enantioenriched form by asymmetric catalysis. Next to the deficit of enantioselective methods, the functionalization of isoxazolinones is often plagued by regioselectivity issues due to the competition of various nucleophilic centers within the heterocycles. We report the first regio‐ and enantioselective C‐allylations of isoxazolinones. These occur with high regioselectivity in favor of the linear allylation products, although Ir phosphoramidite catalysts were used, which commonly results in branched isomers. Our studies suggest that this outcome is the result of a reaction cascade via an initial regio‐ and enantioselective N‐allylation to provide a branched allyl intermediate, followed by a spontaneous [3,3]‐rearrangement resulting in chirality transfer.
Degradation of Carbon Tetrachloride by nanoscale Zero‐Valent Iron @ magnetic Fe3O4: Impact of reaction condition, Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Mechanism
Authors: Lv Xiaofan , Li Hong , Ma Yiyang , Yang Hui , Yang Qi 
Published: November 2017

Nano‐scale zero‐valent Iron (nZVI) attached on the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared and creatively applied in the reductive dechlorination of Carbon Tetrachloride (CT). The characterization results of the synthesized composite indicated a main component of nZVI particles assembled on the surface of Fe3O4 with a layer of iron‐oxide film on the periphery, of which the dispersibility was better and the specific surface area was larger. The effects of different reaction conditions like temperature, initial pH values, Fe0@Fe3O4 dosage and initial CT concentrations on the removal of CT were evaluated. Under the optimum conditions, the Fe0@Fe3O4 composites showed a CT removal efficiency of 89.1% in 60 min, which was much greater than that of nZVI (61.7%) and Fe3O4 particles (14.3%). The removal process obeyed the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. Synergy effects of the constituents in the composite which can promote the relative rates of mass transfer to reactive sites were proposed to be existed and the magnetism of Fe3O4 could help to overcome the aggregation and surface passivation problem of nZVI. Thus, Fe0@Fe3O4 nanoparticles in our study can effectively complete the reductive dechlorination of CT and an improved nZVI catalyst is provided for the remediation of chlorinated organic compounds.
Magnetic‐based picolinaldehyde–melamine copper complex for the one‐pot synthesis of hexahydroquinolines via Hantzsch four‐component reactions
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Mahmoudiani Gilan Maryam , Sarmasti Negin 
Published: November 2017

A picolinaldehyde–melamine copper complex was loaded on a magnetic Fe3O4 core, so that it contained 0.33 mmol of Cu per gram, and was used as an efficient catalyst. The as‐synthesized catalyst was characterized using various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The catalyst was used to activate the raw materials in the synthesis of hexahydroquinoline derivatives in one‐pot four‐component reactions. Low reaction time (minutes versus half an hour), solvent‐free condition and magnetically separable catalyst are some salient features of the developed catalyst. Also, the optimum amount of catalyst and temperature were determined as 0.07 g and 87.6 °C, respectively, which were obtained using response surface methodology and optimization techniques.
Strategic Culture and Indonesian Maritime Security
Authors: Arif Muhamad , Kurniawan Yandry 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStrategic culture plays a significant role in shaping current practices of maritime security in Indonesia. Rooted in the history and experiences of the military and the state itself, Indonesian maritime strategic culture shapes the perceived roles and responsibilities of the Indonesian primary and most capable maritime security agency, the Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut. Albeit institutional, doctrinal reform and weapons modernisation, the navy appears to be reluctant to relinquish its long‐standing law enforcement and internal security roles resulting in overlap of roles and responsibilities among the various maritime security agencies in Indonesia. This article argues that the historically shaped strategic culture, particularly the blurred distinction between ‘defence’ or sovereignty protection and ‘security’ or law enforcement, has not allowed the Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut to focus on the increasingly demanding traditional military roles. An understanding of Indonesian strategic history and culture as well as its civil‐military relations is thus essential to comprehend this problem.