bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of Newtonian/non‐Newtonian fluids in a double‐diffusive convective flow over a vertical wall
Authors: Chandan K. G. , Patil Mallikarjun B. , Mahabaleshwar U. S. , Souayeh Basma 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study implements the comparative study of Casson and Williamson nanofluids by considering the impacts of linear thermal radiation and inclined magnetohydrodynamics. Here, we employ graphs to compare the variables affecting the behavior of non‐Newtonian and Newtonian fluids for a range of physical and dimensionless parameter values. The flow's coupled equations, which contain multiple independent variables, these equations can then be changed into a single independent variable by adding similarity variables and can be solved by applying the shooting method. The effects of thermomigration and Brownian motion on nonlinear flow equations are graphically examined. For an array of radiation parameter values, we have observed that the Newtonian fluid's concentration is lesser than that of both the non‐Newtonian fluids and also noticed that Newtonian fluids converge a little sooner than Casson and Williamson fluids. The primary innovation is shown in Table 1, where the mass transfer and heat transfer values are contrasted with the limiting circumstances of previous research findings that are documented in the literature.
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Simultaneous Segmentation and Classification of the Retinal Arteries and Veins
Authors: Xue Lanyan , Zhang Wenjun , Lu Lizheng , Chen Yunsheng , Li Kaibin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAutomatic segmentation of the fundus retinal vessels and accurate classification of the arterial and venous vessels play an important role in clinical diagnosis. This article proposes a fundus retinal vascular segmentation and arteriovenous classification network that combines the adversarial training and attention mechanism to address the issues of fundus retinal arteriovenous classification error and ambiguous segmentation of fine blood vessels. It consists of three core components: discriminator, generator, and segmenter. In order to address the domain shift issue, U‐Net is employed as a discriminator, and data samples for arterial and venous vessels are generated with a generator using an unsupervised domain adaption (UDA) approach. The classification of retinal arterial and venous vessels (A/V) as well as the segmentation of fine vessels is improved by adding a self‐attention mechanism to improve attention to vessel edge features and the terminal fine vessels. Non‐strided convolution and non‐pooled downsampling methods are also used to avoid losing fine‐grained information and learning less effective feature representations. The performance of multi‐class blood vessel segmentation is as follows, per test results on the DRIVE dataset: F1‐score (F1) has a value of 0.7496 and an accuracy of 0.9820. The accuracy of A/V categorization has increased by 1.35% when compared to AU‐Net. The outcomes demonstrate that by enhancing the baseline U‐Net, the strategy we suggested enhances the automated classification and segmentation of blood vessels.
LTBR acts as a novel immune checkpoint of tumor‐associated macrophages for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Liang , Fan Jieyi , Wu Sifan , Cheng Shilin , Zhao Junlong , Fan Fan , Gao Chunchen , Qiao Rong , Sheng Qiqi , Hu Yiyang , Zhang Yong , Liu Pengjun , Jiao Zhe , Wei Tiaoxia , Lei Jie , Chen Yan , Qin Hongyan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) greatly contribute to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) resistance of cancer. However, its underlying mechanisms and whether TAMs can be promising targets to overcome ICI resistance remain to be unveiled. Through integrative analysis of immune multiomics data and single‐cell RNA‐seq data (iMOS) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), lymphotoxin β receptor (LTBR) is identified as a potential immune checkpoint of TAMs, whose high expression, duplication, and low methylation are correlated with unfavorable prognosis. Immunofluorescence staining shows that the infiltration of LTBR+ TAMs is associated with LUAD stages, immunotherapy failure, and poor prognosis. Mechanistically, LTΒR maintains immunosuppressive activity and M2 phenotype of TAMs by noncanonical nuclear factor kappa B and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathways. Macrophage‐specific knockout of LTBR hinders tumor growth and prolongs survival time via blocking TAM immunosuppressive activity and M2 phenotype. Moreover, TAM‐targeted delivery of LTΒR small interfering RNA improves the therapeutic effect of ICI via reversing TAM‐mediated immunosuppression, such as boosting cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and inhibiting granulocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells infiltration. Taken together, we bring forth an immune checkpoint discovery pipeline iMOS, identify LTBR as a novel immune checkpoint of TAMs, and propose a new immunotherapy strategy by targeting LTBR+ TAMs.
Integrating genome‐ and transcriptome‐wide association studies to uncover the host–microbiome interactions in bovine rumen methanogenesis
Authors: Wang Wei , Wei Zhenyu , Li Zhuohui , Ren Jianrong , Song Yanliang , Xu Jingyi , Liu Anguo , Li Xinmei , Li Manman , Fan Huimei , Jin Liangliang , Niyazbekova Zhannur , Wang Wen , Gao Yuanpeng , Jiang Yu , Yao Junhu , Li Fuyong , Wu Shengru , Wang Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ruminal microbiota generates biogenic methane in ruminants. However, the role of host genetics in modifying ruminal microbiota‐mediated methane emissions remains mysterious, which has severely hindered the emission control of this notorious greenhouse gas. Here, we uncover the host genetic basis of rumen microorganisms by genome‐ and transcriptome‐wide association studies with matched genome, rumen transcriptome, and microbiome data from a cohort of 574 Holstein cattle. Heritability estimation revealed that approximately 70% of microbial taxa had significant heritability, but only 43 genetic variants with significant association with 22 microbial taxa were identified through a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). In contrast, the transcriptome‐wide association study (TWAS) of rumen microbiota detected 28,260 significant gene–microbe associations, involving 210 taxa and 4652 unique genes. On average, host genetic factors explained approximately 28% of the microbial abundance variance, while rumen gene expression explained 43%. In addition, we highlighted that TWAS exhibits a strong advantage in detecting gene expression and phenotypic trait associations in direct effector organs. For methanogenic archaea, only one significant signal was detected by GWAS, whereas the TWAS obtained 1703 significant associated host genes. By combining multiple correlation analyses based on these host TWAS genes, rumen microbiota, and volatile fatty acids, we observed that substrate hydrogen metabolism is an essential factor linking host–microbe interactions in methanogenesis. Overall, these findings provide valuable guidelines for mitigating methane emissions through genetic regulation and microbial management strategies in ruminants.
The Technological Innovation of the Metaverse in Financial Sector: Current State, Opportunities, and Open Challenges
Authors: D'Ulizia Arianna , Federico Domenica , Notte Antonella 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMetaverse is an emerging digital space that uses innovative technologies to allow users to facilitate building relationships virtually and to create new interaction opportunities. Even, the financial sector has been disrupted by the metaverse involving digital assets, cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology, and decentralized finance. The objective of this paper is to focus on novel intelligent systems technologies with the potential for application in the financial area to have a better knowledge of the current research topics, challenges, and future directions. A systematic literature review was conducted analyzing papers on technological innovation of the metaverse in financial sector. Following the PRISMA methodology, we have selected 29 primary studies from five scientific databases to be included in the review. The results show that 11 types of innovative metaverse technologies are applied in the financial sector, developing financial innovations, among which the most discussed is cryptocurrency. Among the opportunities that the use of the metaverse brings to the financial sector, the reduction of transaction costs is the most discussed. Finally, five open challenges in the use of metaverse technologies in the financial sector have been identified, relating to the use of data, the application of technologies, social integration, financial innovation, and regulatory compliance. Based on this study, recommendations on future research directions are provided to the scientific community.
Copper ions‐photo dual‐crosslinked alginate hydrogel for angiogenesis and osteogenesis
Authors: Liu Guochen , Ye Shanshan , Li Yue , Yang Jing , Wang Simin , Liu Yuan , Yang Sisi , Tian Yinping , Yin Miao , Cheng Bo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEarly healing of bone defects is still a clinical challenge. Many bone‐filling materials have been studied, among which photocrosslinked alginate has received significant attention due to its good biocompatibility and morphological plasticity. Although it has been confirmed that photocrosslinked alginate can be used as an extracellular matrix for 3D cell culture, it lacks osteogenesis‐related biological functions. This study constructed a copper ions‐photo dual‐crosslinked alginate hydrogel scaffold by controlling the copper ion concentration. The scaffolds were shaped by photocrosslinking and then endowed with biological functions by copper ions crosslinking. According to in vitro research, the dual‐crosslinked hydrogel increased the compressive strength and favored copper dose‐dependent osteoblast differentiation and cell surface adherence of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the expression of type I collagen (Col1), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In addition, hydrogel scaffolds were implanted into rat skull defects, and more angiogenesis and osteogenesis could be observed in in vivo studies. The above results show that the copper‐photo‐crosslinked hydrogel scaffold has excellent osseointegration properties and can potentially promote angiogenesis and early healing of bone defects, providing a reference solution for bone tissue engineering materials.
Exploring the interplay between bisphenol A exposure, the immune microenvironment and hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Liu Qi , Niu Ruishu , Ye Yi , Li Jie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a formidable challenge in oncology, with its pathogenesis and progression influenced by myriad factors. Among them, the pervasive organic synthetic compound, bisphenol A (BPA), previously linked with various adverse health effects, has been speculated to play a role. This study endeavors to elucidate the complex interplay between BPA, the immune microenvironment of HCC, and the broader molecular landscape of this malignancy.MethodsA comprehensive analysis was undertaken using data procured from both The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. Rigorous differential expression analyses were executed, supplemented by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. In addition, single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis and gene set variation analysis were employed to reveal potential molecular links and insights. Immune infiltration patterns were delineated, and a series of in vitro experiments on HCC cells were conducted to directly assess the impact of BPA exposure.ResultsOur findings unveiled a diverse array of active immune cells and functions within HCC. Distinct correlations emerged between high‐immune‐related scores, established markers of the tumor microenvironment and the expression of immune checkpoint genes. A significant discovery was the identification of key genes simultaneously associated with immune‐related pathways and BPA exposure. Leveraging these genes, a prognostic model was crafted, offering predictive insights into HCC patient outcomes. Intriguingly, in vitro studies suggested that BPA exposure could promote proliferation in HCC cells.ConclusionThis research underscores the multifaceted nature of HCC’s immune microenvironment and sheds light on BPA’s potential modulatory effects therein. The constructed prognostic model, if validated further, could serve as a robust tool for risk stratification in HCC, potentially guiding therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, the implications of the findings for immunotherapy are profound, suggesting new avenues for enhancing treatment efficacy. As the battle against HCC continues, understanding of environmental modulators like BPA becomes increasingly pivotal.
Attenuation of Torque teno viral load over time in kidney transplantation recipients treated with calcineurin inhibitors is mitigated after conversion to belatacept
Authors: Bredewold O. W. , Moest W. T. , de Fijter J. W. , Meijers E. , Bruchfeld A. , Skov K. , Svensson M. H. S. , Chan J. , Mjornstedt L. , Sorensen S. S. , Fellstrom B. , Feltkamp M. C. W. , van Zonneveld A. J. , Rotmans J. I. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTorque Teno Virus (TTV) is a non‐pathogenic anellovirus, highly prevalent in healthy populations. Variations in its viral load have been associated with states of diminished immunity, as occurs after organ transplantation. It is hypothesized that TTV‐load might be used as a diagnostic tool to guide prescription and dosing of immunosuppressive drugs. Not much is known about the effects of combined immunosuppressive drugs on TTV replication in renal transplantation. Belatacept was introduced to counter side‐effects of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI). It was never widely adopted, mainly because its association with increased risk of rejection. To investigate the differential effects of a regimen based on calcineurin inhibitors versus belatacept on TTV‐loads, we measured TTV‐levels in 105 patients from two randomized controlled trials in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). We observed that time after transplantation was inversely related to TTV‐levels of patients that remained on a CNI‐containing regime, whereas this decline over time was diminished after conversion to belatacept. In addition, a correlation with tacrolimus‐trough levels and age were found. Our study is the first report on the impact of conversion from CNI to belatacept on TTV‐levels in KTR. In conclusion, the time‐related decline in TTV‐levels is mitigated after conversion from CNI to belatacept.
“Real‐world” performance of the Confirm Rx™ SharpSense AF detection algorithm: UK Confirm Rx study
Authors: Gala Andre Briosa e , Pope Michael T. B. , Leo Milena , Sharp Alexander J. , Banerjee Abhirup , Field Duncan , Thomas Honey , Balasubramaniam Richard , Hunter Ross , Gardner Roy S. , Wilson David , Gallagher Mark M. , Ormerod Julian , Paisey John , Curzen Nick , Betts Timothy R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe novel Confirm Rx™ implantable cardiac monitor (ICM) with SharpSense™ technology incorporates a new P‐wave discriminator designed to improve AF detection. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Confirm Rx™ ICM in detecting AF episodes of varying durations.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis of consecutive patients implanted with a Confirm Rx™ ICM (v1.2) across nine UK hospitals, all with documented AF lasting at least 6 min. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were manually adjudicated by cardiologists. To account for intra‐ and inter‐reviewer variability, a random sample of 10% of ECGs underwent additional review. Disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Diagnostic performance was determined by calculating the gross and patient‐averaged positive predictive value (PPV) for AF episodes of different duration. The source of false positive (FP) detection was also categorized.ResultsOverall, 16,230 individual ECGs from 232 patients were included. The median AF episode duration was 14 min. R‐wave amplitude remained stable during follow‐up (0.52 ± 0.27 mV [initial] vs. 0.54 ± 0.29 mV [end of follow‐up], p = .10). The gross and patient‐averaged PPV were 75.0% and 67.0%, respectively. Diagnostic performance (gross) increased with progressively longer AF episodes: 88.0% for ≥1 h, 97.3% for 6 h, and 100% for 24 h. The main source of FP during tachycardia was T‐wave oversensing (54.2%), while in non‐tachycardic episodes it was predominantly ectopy (71.2%). The AF burden precision was excellent (93.3%).ConclusionThe Confirm Rx™ ICM diagnostic performance was modest for all AF episodes (75%), with accuracy increasing for longer AF episodes.
Stratigraphy and dating of Middle Pleistocene sediments from Rodderberg, Germany
Authors: Zolitschka Bernd , Preusser Frank , Zhang Junjie , Hogrefe Ines , Froitzheim Nikolaus , Böning Philipp , Schläfli Patrick , Bittmann Felix , Binot Franz , Frechen Manfred 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe stratigraphy and dating of lacustrine sediments and loess derivatives from Rodderberg, a crater of the East Eifel Volcanic Field in Germany, is based on luminescence dating and incorporates radiocarbon ages, fingerprinting of key tephra layers of the East Eifel Volcanic Field (Rieden Tephra, Hüttenberg Tephra, Laacher See Tephra), pollen stratigraphy, varve counting data, and a correlative age–depth model. These methods yield a robust age–depth model for the last 258 ka. Beyond this, luminescence ages differ from tephra‐derived ages. In light of the apparent presence of the Rieden Tephra, the lowermost interglacial is assigned to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 or 420 ka. This provides a high‐resolution record of environmental conditions representing an analogue for the Holocene, characterized by a warming planet. However, new luminescence ages may indicate a younger age for basal sediments, with the lowermost interglacial representing MIS 9. Both age–depth models constrain regional environmental changes during the Middle Pleistocene controlled by global climate variations. For the hydrologically closed nature of the Rodderberg crater, with limited pathways for sediment inflow and erosional export, these results shed new light on the continuity of long Middle Pleistocene records.
Neural network segmentation of disc volume from magnetic resonance images and the effect of degeneration and spinal level
Authors: Markhali Milad I. , Peloquin John M. , Meadows Kyle D. , Newman Harrah R. , Elliott Dawn M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) noninvasively quantifies disc structure but requires segmentation that is both time intensive and susceptible to human error. Recent advances in neural networks can improve on manual segmentation. The aim of this study was to establish a method for automatic slice‐wise segmentation of 3D disc volumes from subjects with a wide range of age and degrees of disc degeneration. A U‐Net convolutional neural network was trained to segment 3D T1‐weighted spine MRI.MethodsLumbar spine MRIs were acquired from 43 subjects (23–83 years old) and manually segmented. A U‐Net architecture was trained using the TensorFlow framework. Two rounds of model tuning were performed. The performance of the model was measured using a validation set that did not cross over from the training set. The model version with the best Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was selected in each tuning round. After model development was complete and a final U‐Net model was selected, performance of this model was compared between disc levels and degeneration grades.ResultsPerformance of the final model was equivalent to manual segmentation, with a mean DSC = 0.935 ± 0.014 for degeneration grades I–IV. Neither the manual segmentation nor the U‐Net model performed as well for grade V disc segmentation. Compared with the baseline model at the beginning of round 1, the best model had fewer filters/parameters (75%), was trained using only slices with at least one disc‐labeled pixel, applied contrast stretching to its input images, and used a greater dropout rate.ConclusionThis study successfully trained a U‐Net model for automatic slice‐wise segmentation of 3D disc volumes from populations with a wide range of ages and disc degeneration. The final trained model is available to support scientific use.
Fine‐Tuning of Near‐Infrared Emission in Fe‐Activated Spinel Phosphors via the Synergistic Effect of Sites Inversion and Atomic Disorder
Authors: Ye Yulong , Yang Heyi , Liang Liang , Mao Qinan , Zhao Fangyi , Zhu Yiwen , Liu Meijiao , Zhong Jiasong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAchieving continuous tunability, high efficiency, and outstanding thermal stability of near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors remains challenging for optoelectronic device fields. To address this issue, a strategy is proposed based on the substitution of both cations and anions in the intermediate spinel structure, which successfully achieved fine‐tuning of NIR emission of Mg1+yGa2‐yO4‐yFy:Fe3+ phosphors with prominent optical characteristics. The NIR emission contains new luminescent centers with random O/F coordination and is successfully constructed. This co‐substitution promotes further inversion of the cationic sites and induces atomic disorder, changing the crystal coordination environment and making Fe3+ breakthrough the Laporte selection rule, enabling fine‐tuning of Fe3+ emissions in the range of 707–740 nm and broadening of the full width at half maximum by 30 nm. Moreover, the Mg1.15Ga1.85O3.85F0.15:Fe3+ phosphor reached a high quantum yield of 71.6% and presented excellent thermal stability with an emission intensity retention of 81% at 493 K. The emission of the fabricated NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes also matched well with the photosensitive pigment Pfr, demonstrating its feasibility for plant growth lighting applications.
Self‐Powered Perovskite/Si Bipolar Response Photodetector for Visible and Near‐Infrared Dual‐Band Imaging and Secure Optical Communication
Authors: Bian Liukang , Cao Fengren , Zhao Han , Xiang Fei , Sun Haoxuan , Wang Meng , Li Liang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVertically stacked wavelength modulation bipolar response photodetectors are expected to be applied in various fields because they enable bipolar detection and transmission within one device and do not require harsh operating conditions. However, the as‐reported bipolar devices either need to change the detection mode (flipping the device or applying external bias) or have limited application effects. In this study, a self‐powered FAPbI3/silicon hybrid visible and near‐infrared bipolar response photodetector is reported, and the bipolar response is tuned by controlling the transmittance and interface contact of transparent electrodes. Moreover, unlike for photosensitive layers such as perovskites or organic compounds, the preparation of electrodes does not involve solvents, and array devices with different electrodes can be prepared in microregions without affecting adjacent regions. Then, an encrypted communication system that requires comprehensive consideration of the positive and negative states of different transparent electrode‐based devices caused by 650‐nm visible and 940‐nm near‐infrared transmission signals are designed, increasing the difficulty of decryption. A dual‐band spectral imaging system that does not require additional voltage driving by combining the reflection of visible light and the penetration ability of near‐infrared light is implemented, ensuring miniaturization and high integration of the visual imaging system.