bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative ultrasound for prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma biological behaviour: Prospective comparison with pathology
Authors: Santambrogio Roberto , Cigala Claudia , Barabino Matteo , Maggioni Marco , Scifo Giovanna , Bruno Savino , Bertolini Emanuela , Opocher Enrico , Bulfamante Gaetano 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsPreoperative prediction of both microinvasive hepatocellular carcinoma and histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma is pivotal to treatment planning and prognostication. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether some intraoperative ultrasound features correlate with both the presence of same histological patterns and differentiation grade of hepatocellular carcinoma on the histological features of the primary resected tumour.MethodsAll patients with single, small hepatocellular carcinoma that underwent hepatic resection were included in this prospective double‐blind study: the intraoperative ultrasound patterns of nodule were registered and compared with similar histological features.ResultsA total of 179 patients were enclosed in this study: 97 (54%) patients (34% in HCC ≤2 cm) had a microinvasive hepatocellular carcinoma at ultrasound examination, while 82 (46%) patients (41% in HCC ≤2 cm) at histological evaluation. Statistical analysis showed that diameters ≤2 cm, presence of satellites and microinvasive hepatocellular carcinoma at ultrasound examination were the variables with the strongest association with the histological findings. In the multivariate analysis, the vascular microinfiltration and infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma aspect were independent predictors for grading.ConclusionsIn patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, the prevalence of microinvasive hepatocellular carcinoma is high, even in cases of HCC ≤2 cm. Intraoperative ultrasound findings strongly correlated with histopathological criteria in detecting microinvasive patterns and are useful to predict neoplastic differentiation. The knowledge of these features prior to treatment are highly desired (this can be obtained by an intraoperative ultrasound examination), as they could help in providing optimal management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Demography and genome divergence of lake and stream populations of an East African cichlid fish
Authors: Egger Bernd , Roesti Marius , Böhne Astrid , Roth Olivia , Salzburger Walter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDisentangling the processes and mechanisms underlying adaptive diversification is facilitated by the comparative study of replicate population pairs that have diverged along a similar environmental gradient. Such a setting is realized in a cichlid fish from southern Lake Tanganyika, Astatotilapia burtoni, which occurs within the lake proper as well as in various affluent rivers. Previously, we demonstrated that independent lake and stream populations show similar adaptations to the two habitat regimes. However, little is known about the evolutionary and demographic history of the A. burtoni populations in question and the patterns of genome divergence among them. Here, we apply restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to examine the evolutionary history, the population structure and genomic differentiation of lake and stream populations in A. burtoni. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on genome‐wide molecular data largely resolved the evolutionary relationships among populations, allowing us to re‐evaluate the independence of replicate lake–stream population clusters. Further, we detected a strong pattern of isolation by distance, with baseline genomic divergence increasing with geographic distance and decreasing with the level of gene flow between lake and stream populations. Genome divergence patterns were heterogeneous and inconsistent among lake‐stream population clusters, which is explained by differences in divergence times, levels of gene flow and local selection regimes. In line with the latter, we only detected consistent outlier loci when the most divergent lake–stream population pair was excluded. Several of the thus identified candidate genes have inferred functions in immune and neuronal systems and show differences in gene expression between lake and stream populations.
Empathy and the Limits of Thought Experiments
Authors: Ramirez Erick 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article criticizes what it calls perspectival thought experiments, which require subjects to mentally simulate a perspective before making judgments from within it. Examples include Judith Thomson's violinist analogy, Philippa Foot's trolley problem, and Bernard Williams's Jim case. The article argues that advances in the philosophical and psychological study of empathy suggest that the simulative capacities required by perspectival thought experiments are all but impossible. These thought experiments require agents to consciously simulate necessarily unconscious features of subjectivity. To complete these experiments subjects must deploy theory‐theoretical frameworks to predict what they think they would (or ought to) do. These outputs, however, systematically mislead subjects and are highly prone to error. They are of negligible probative value, and this bodes poorly for their continued use. The article ends with two suggestions. First, many thought experiments are not problematically perspectival. Second, it should be possible to carry out “in‐their‐shoes” perspectival thought experiments by off‐loading simulations onto virtual environments into which philosophers place subjects.
The Cultural Definition of Art
Authors: Fokt Simon 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMost modern definitions of art fail to successfully address the issue of the ever‐changing nature of art, and rarely even attempt to provide an account that would be valid in more than just the modern Western context. This article develops a new theory that preserves the advantages of its predecessors, solves or avoids their problems, and has a scope wide enough to account for art of different times and cultures. It argues that an object is art in a given context iff some person(s) culturally competent in this context have afforded it the status of a candidate for appreciation for reasons considered good in this context. This weakly institutional view is supplemented by auxiliary definitions explaining the notions of cultural contexts, competence, and good reasons for affording the status. The relativisation to contexts brings increased explanatory power and scope, and the ability to account for the diversity of art.
Trust as a Meta‐Emotion
Authors: Belli Simone , Broncano Fernando 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of this article is to present trust as a meta‐emotion, such that it is an emotion that precedes first‐order emotions. It examines how trust can be considered a meta‐emotion by establishing criteria for identifying trust as a meta‐emotion. How trust plays out differently in aesthetic and ordinary contexts can provide another mode for investigating meta‐emotions. The article illustrates how it is possible to recognize these meta‐emotions in narratives. Finally, it presents one of the aims of trust, sharing knowledge between agents, when someone who provides testimony shares knowledge in an epistemic trust process with others. It shows a relationship construction between subjects and objects thanks to the trust, a meta‐emotion that represents emotional ties between subjects to achieve another emotion.
FungiScope™—Global Emerging Fungal Infection Registry
Authors: Seidel Danila , Durán Graeff Luisa A. , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Wisplinghoff Hilmar , Ziegler Maren , Vehreschild J Janne , Liss Blasius , Hamprecht Axel , Köhler Philipp , Racil Zdenek , Klimko Nikolay , Sheppard Donald C. , Herbrecht Raoul , Chowdhary Anuradha , Cornely Oliver A. , FungiScope Group  
Published: July 2017

SummaryRare invasive fungal diseases (IFD) are challenging for the treating physicians because of their unspecific clinical presentation, as well as the lack of standardised diagnostic and effective treatment strategies. Late onset of treatment and inappropriate medication is associated with high mortality, thus, urging the need for a better understanding of these diseases. The purpose of FungiScope™ is to continuously collect clinical information and specimens to improve the knowledge on epidemiology and eventually improve patient management of these orphan diseases. FungiScope™ was founded in 2003, and today, collaborators from 66 countries support the registry. So far, clinical data of 794 cases have been entered using a web‐based approach. Within the growing network of experts, new collaborations developed, leading to several publications of comprehensive analyses of patient subgroups identified from the registry. Data extracted from FungiScope™ have also been used as the sole control group for the approval of a new antifungal drug. Due to the rarity of these diseases, a global registry is an appropriate method of pooling the scarce and scattered information. Joining efforts across medical specialities and geographical borders is key for researching rare IFD. Here, we describe the structure and management of the FungiScope™ registry.
Swimming pools and fungi: An epidemiology survey in Polish indoor swimming facilities
Authors: Jankowski Marek , Charemska Anna , Czajkowski Rafał 
Published: July 2017

SummaryEnvironmental conditions for swimming facilities may support fungal growth and also may represent a biological risk for users. However, since previously published studies both cleaning procedures and sanitary regulations are likely to have been improved. The aim of the study was to examine whether attendance to public swimming pools was still a risk factor for fungal infection of the skin in Poland. We investigated the occurrence of mycotic species, in a sample from Polish swimming pools. Detection and identification of isolated species were achieved by cultural and morphological methods. Study revealed high incidence of yeast and yeast‐like fungi. Candida spp. and Rhodotorula rubra were commonly detected, followed by Aspergillus spp. and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Surprisingly, the prevalence of clinically important species isolated from swimming pool environments did not reflect prevalence of those species in Polish population. The present results are in agreement with previous research and support that swimming pools remain an important reservoir of clinically important fungi, yet the exposure associated with swimming pools may not be a major source of dermatophytic infection in Poland.
Feeding behaviour of a new worm (Priapulida) from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) of North Greenland (Laurentia)
Authors: Peel John S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSinguuriqia simoni gen. et sp. nov. represents the first record of a priapulid worm from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) of North Greenland (Laurentia). It is defined by an unusually broad, longitudinally folded, foregut which tapers through the pharynx towards the anterior mouth; posteriorly, the same longitudinal folding is evident in the narrow gut. The slender, smooth, trunk in the unique specimen passes anteriorly into an oval proboscis which culminates in a smooth, extensible, pharynx with pharyngeal teeth. The capacity for substantial expansion of the foregut permitted rapid ingestion of food prior to digestion at leisure. Cololites suggest both carnivorous and deposit feeding behaviour, indicating that Singuuriqia, like the present day Priapulus, was probably omnivorous.
Medicago truncatula Zinc‐Iron Permease6 provides zinc to rhizobia‐infected nodule cells
Authors: Abreu Isidro , Saéz Ángela , Castro‐Rodríguez Rosario , Escudero Viviana , Rodríguez‐Haas Benjamín , Senovilla Marta , Larue Camille , Grolimund Daniel , Tejada‐Jiménez Manuel , Imperial Juan , González‐Guerrero Manuel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractZinc is a micronutrient required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. It has been proposed that in model legume Medicago truncatula, zinc is delivered by the root vasculature into the nodule and released in the infection/differentiation zone. There, transporters must introduce this element into rhizobia‐infected cells to metallate the apoproteins that use zinc as a cofactor. MtZIP6 (Medtr4g083570) is an M. truncatula Zinc‐Iron Permease (ZIP) that is expressed only in roots and nodules, with the highest expression levels in the infection/differentiation zone. Immunolocalization studies indicate that it is located in the plasma membrane of nodule rhizobia‐infected cells. Down‐regulating MtZIP6 expression levels with RNAi does not result in any strong phenotype when plants are fed mineral nitrogen. However, these plants displayed severe growth defects when they depended on nitrogen fixed by their nodules, losing of 80% of their nitrogenase activity. The reduction of this activity was likely an indirect effect of zinc being retained in the infection/differentiation zone and not reaching the cytosol of rhizobia‐infected cells. These data are consistent with a model in which MtZIP6 would be responsible for zinc uptake by rhizobia‐infected nodule cells in the infection/differentiation zone.
Molluscum Contagiosum‐Like Presentation of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Case and Review
Authors: Karpman Matthew S. , AlJasser Mohammed I. , Lam Joseph M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells in the skin. A molluscum‐like presentation of cutaneous LCH is rare but important to consider for examination and management. We present an atypical molluscum‐like LCH case and review the literature for common features of this unusual presentation.
Concurrent electrical cervicomedullary stimulation and cervical transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation result in a stimulus interaction
Authors: Dongés Siobhan C. , Bai Siwei , Taylor Janet L. 
Published: July 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
We previously showed that the motor pathway is not modified after cervical transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) applied using anterior–posterior electrodes. Here, we examine the motor pathway during stimulation.

What is the main finding and its importance?
We show that electrically elicited muscle responses to cervicomedullary stimulation are modified during tsDCS, whereas magnetically elicited responses are not. Modelling reveals electrical field modifications during concurrent tsDCS and electrical cervicomedullary stimulation. Changes in muscle response probably result from electrical field modifications rather than physiological changes. Care should be taken when applying electrical stimuli simultaneously.

Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) can modulate neuronal excitability within the human spinal cord; however, few studies have used tsDCS at a cervical level. This study aimed to characterize cervical tsDCS further by observing its acute effects on motor responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation and cervicomedullary stimulation. In both studies 1 and 2, participants (study 1, n = 8, four female; and study 2, n = 8, three female) received two periods of 10 min, 3 mA cervical tsDCS on the same day through electrodes placed in an anterior–posterior configuration over the neck; one period with the cathode posterior (c‐tsDCS) and the other with the anode posterior (a‐tsDCS). In study 1, electrically elicited cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials (eCMEPs) and transcranial magnetic stimulation‐elicited motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured in biceps brachii and flexor carpi radialis before, during and after each tsDCS period. In study 2, eCMEPs and magnetically elicited CMEPs (mCMEPs) were measured before, during and after each tsDCS period. For study 3, computational modelling was used to observe possible interactions of cervical tsDCS and electrical cervicomedullary stimulation. Studies 1 and 2 revealed that eCMEPs were larger during c‐tsDCS and smaller during a‐tsDCS compared with those elicited when tsDCS was off (P < 0.05), with no changes in MEPs or mCMEPs. Modelling revealed that eCMEP changes might result from modifications of the electrical field direction and magnitude when combined with cervical tsDCS. Bidirectional eCMEP changes are likely to be caused by an interaction between cervical tsDCS and electrical cervicomedullary stimulation; therefore, care should be taken when combining such electrical stimuli in close proximity.
Blunted cerebral vascular responsiveness to hypercapnia in obese individuals
Authors: Hurr Chansol , Patik Jordan C. , Kim KiYoung , Brothers R. Matthew 
Published: July 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Is there a difference in the cerebral vascular response to rebreathing‐induced hypercapnia between obese and lean individuals?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The main finding is that obese individuals have an attenuated increase in cerebral vascular conductance during hypercapnia relative to lean individuals. This finding suggests cerebral vascular dysfunction in this population, which might contribute to the greater prevalence of cerebral vascular and neurocognitive disease in this population.

Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by >45%. Furthermore, obesity is a contributory factor to cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms accounting for this increased disease risk have not been clarified. This study tested the hypothesis that the total range of change (a) in cerebral blood velocity (CBV) and cerebral vascular conductance (CVCI) and the maximal (y0) CBV and CVCI achieved during rebreathing‐induced hypercapnia would be attenuated in obese individuals. Sixteen lean and 15 obese individuals participated. The magnitude of rebreathing‐induced hypercapnia was similar between groups (lean, ∆15 ± 3 mmHg versus obese, ∆15 ± 2 mmHg; P = 0.82). The total range of change in CBV during rebreathing (a; expressed as a percentage) was similar between groups (lean, 91 ± 24% versus obese, 76 ± 19%, P = 0.07), whereas the total range of change in CVCI during rebreathing (a; expressed as a percentage) was attenuated in the obese individuals (lean, 71 ± 20% versus obese, 51 ± 15%, P < 0.01). Likewise, the maximal increase in CBV during rebreathing (y0; expressed as a percentage) was similar between groups (lean, 189 ± 22% versus obese, 179 ± 20%, P = 0.20), whereas the maximal increase in CVCI during rebreathing (y0; expressed as a percentage) was attenuated in the obese individuals (lean, 172 ± 19% versus obese, 155 ± 17 %, P = 0.01). These data indicate that the cerebral vascular response to rebreathing‐induced hypercapnia is attenuated in obese individuals. This impairment might be a factor contributing to the elevated cerebral vascular and neurocognitive disease risk in this population.
First Complete Genome Sequence of Barley Virus G Identified from Proso Millet (
Panicum miliaceum
) in South Korea
Authors: Park Chung-Youl , Min Hyun-Geun , Oh Jonghee , Kim Bong-Sub , Lim Seungmo , Yoon Youngnam , Lee Su-Heon 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
The complete genome sequence of an Uiseong isolate of barley virus G (BVG) on proso millet plants in a field in South Korea was determined by RNA sequencing and Sanger sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first complete genome sequence report of BVG infecting proso millet in South Korea.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Polysaccharide-Degrading Marine Bacterium
Pseudoalteromonas
sp. Strain A601
Authors: Li Jungang , Cheng Yuanyuan , Wang Dandan , Li Junge , Wang Yanhui , Han Wenjun , Li Fuchuan 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Pseudoalteromonas
sp. strain A601 is a marine bacterium with excellent polysaccharide-degrading capabilities. Here, we present a high-quality draft genome sequence of strain A601 with a size of approximately 4.89 Mb and a mean G+C content of 40.0%. Various putative polysaccharide-degrading genes were found in the draft genome.
Complete Genomic Sequence of Canine Distemper Virus from an Ethiopian Wolf
Authors: Marston Denise A. , Watson Jemma , Wise Emma L. , Ellis Richard J. , Bedin Eric , Ayalew Girma , Abute Muktar , de Lamballerie Xavier , Fooks Anthony R. , Sillero-Zubiri Claudio , Banyard Ashley C. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Canine distemper virus (CDV) has been implicated in population declines of wildlife, including many threatened species. Here we present the full genome of CDV from an Ethiopian wolf,
Canis simensis
, the world’s rarest and most endangered canid.
Draft Genome Sequence of the
bla
OXA-436
- and
bla
NDM-1
-Harboring Shewanella putrefaciens SA70 Isolate
Authors: Potter Robert F. , D’Souza Alaric W. , Wallace Meghan A. , Shupe Angela , Patel Sanket , Gul Danish , Kwon Jennie H. , Andleeb Saadia , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Dantas Gautam 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

We sequenced a carbapenem-resistant
Shewanella putrefaciens
isolate cultured from the sink handle of a Pakistan hospital room. Assembly annotation indicates that the isolate has a chromosomal
bla
OXA-436
carbapenemase and a plasmid-borne
bla
NDM-1
gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a
Shewanella
species harboring
bla
NDM
.
Draft Genome Sequence of Root-Associated Sugarcane Growth-Promoting
Microbispora
sp. Strain GKU 823
Authors: Kruasuwan Worarat , Hoskisson Paul A. , Thamchaipenet Arinthip 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

The endophytic plant growth-promoting
Microbispora
sp. strain GKU 823 was isolated from the roots of sugarcane cultivated in Thailand. It has an estimated 9.4-Mbp genome and a G+C content of 71.3%. The genome sequence reveals several genes associated with plant growth-promoting traits and extensive specialized metabolite biosynthesis.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter pittii HUMV-6483 Isolated from Human Urine
Authors: Chapartegui-González Itziar , Lázaro-Díez María , Redondo-Salvo Santiago , Alted-Pérez Laura , Ocejo-Vinyals Javier Gonzalo , Navas Jesús , Ramos-Vivas José 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter pittii
strain HUMV-6483 was obtained from urine from an adult patient. We report here its complete genome assembly using PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing, which resulted in a chromosome with 4.07 Mb and a circular contig of 112 kb. About 3,953 protein-coding genes are predicted from this assembly.
Draft Genome Sequence of Paludibacter jiangxiensis NM7
T
, a Propionate-Producing Fermentative Bacterium
Authors: Qiu Yan-Ling , Tourlousse Dieter M. , Matsuura Norihisa , Ohashi Akiko , Sekiguchi Yuji 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here a high-quality draft genome sequence of
Paludibacter jiangxiensis
strain NM7
T
, a mesophilic, anaerobic, propionate-producing fermentative bacterium within the family
Porphyromonadaceae
of the phylum
Bacteroidetes
. The genome comprises 3,664,884 bp in four contigs, has a G+C content of 42.92%, and contains 2,949 protein-coding sequences and 62 RNAs.
Genome Sequences of Two
Shewanella
spp. Isolated from the Gut of the Sea Cucumber
Apostichopus japonicus
(Selenka, 1867)
Authors: Hong Hyun-Hee , Choi Hyunjun , Cheon Seongmin , Lee Hyun-Gwan , Park Chungoo 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

In this study, we sequenced the genomes of two
Shewanella
spp., newly isolated from the gut of the sea cucumber
Apostichopus japonicus
(Selenka, 1867). The whole-genome sequences reported here will expand the repertoire of genomic information for the members of the genus
Shewanella
and will provide important insights into their roles within microbial communities.