bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural network dose models for knowledge‐based planning in pancreatic SBRT
Authors: Campbell Warren G. , Miften Moyed , Olsen Lindsey , Stumpf Priscilla , Schefter Tracey , Goodman Karyn A. , Jones Bernard L. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for pancreatic cancer requires a skillful approach to deliver ablative doses to the tumor while limiting dose to the highly sensitive duodenum, stomach, and small bowel. Here, we develop knowledge‐based artificial neural network dose models (ANN‐DMs) to predict dose distributions that would be approved by experienced physicians.MethodsArc‐based SBRT treatment plans for 43 pancreatic cancer patients were planned, delivering 30–33 Gy in five fractions. Treatments were overseen by one of two physicians with individual treatment approaches, with variations in prescribed dose, target volume delineation, and primary organs at risk. Using dose distributions calculated by a commercial treatment planning system (TPS), physician‐approved treatment plans were used to train ANN‐DMs that could predict physician‐approved dose distributions based on a set of geometric parameters (vary from voxel to voxel) and plan parameters (constant across all voxels for a given patient). Patient datasets were randomly allocated, with two‐thirds used for training, and one‐third used for validation. Differences between TPS and ANN‐DM dose distributions were used to evaluate model performance. ANN‐DM design, including neural network structure and parameter choices, was evaluated to optimize dose model performance.ResultsRemarkable improvements in ANN‐DM accuracy (i.e., from > 30% to < 5% mean absolute dose error, relative to the prescribed dose) were achieved by training separate dose models for the treatment style of each physician. Increased neural network complexity (i.e., more layers, more neurons per layer) did not improve dose model accuracy. Mean dose errors were less than 5% at all distances from the PTV, and mean absolute dose errors were on the order of 5%, but no more than 10%. Dose–volume histogram errors (in cm3) demonstrated good model performance above 25 Gy, but much larger errors were seen at lower doses.ConclusionsANN‐DM dose distributions showed excellent overall agreement with TPS dose distributions, and accuracy was substantially improved when each physician's treatment approach was taken into account by training their own dedicated models. In this manner, one could feasibly train ANN‐DMs that could predict the dose distribution desired by a given physician for a given treatment site.
Fast and accurate multi‐channel mapping based on the TIAMO technique for 7T UHF body MRI
Authors: Brunheim Sascha , Gratz Marcel , Johst Sören , Bitz Andreas K. , Fiedler Thomas M. , Ladd Mark E. , Quick Harald H. , Orzada Stephan 
Published: October 2017

PurposeCurrent methods for mitigation of transmit field inhomogeneities at ultrahigh field (UHF) MRI by multi‐channel radiofrequency (RF) shimming rely on accurate mapping. This can be time consuming when many RF channels have to be mapped for in vivo body MRI, where the B1 maps should ideally be acquired within a single breath‐hold. Therefore, a new mapping technique (B1TIAMO) is proposed.MethodsThe performance of this technique is validated against an established method (DREAM) in phantom measurements for a cylindrical head phantom with an 8‐channel transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) array. Furthermore, measurements for a 32‐channel Tx/Rx remote array are conducted in a large body phantom and the map reliability is validated against simulations of the transmit RF field distribution. Finally, in vivo results of this new mapping technique for human abdomen are presented.ResultsFor the head phantom (8‐channel Tx/Rx coil), the single comparison between B1TIAMO, the direct DREAM measurements, and simulation data showed good agreement with 10–19% difference. For the large body phantom (32‐channel Tx/Rx coil), B1TIAMO matched the RF field simulations well.ConclusionThe results demonstrate the potential to acquire 32 accurate single‐channel maps for large field‐of‐view body imaging within only a single breath‐hold of 16 s at 7T UHF MRI. Magn Reson Med 79:2652–2664, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
A modified Newton‐type Koiter‐Newton method for tracing the geometrically nonlinear response of structures
Authors: Liang Ke , Abdalla Mostafa M. , Sun Qin 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe Koiter‐Newton (KN) method is a combination of local multimode polynomial approximations inspired by Koiter's initial postbuckling theory and global corrections using the standard Newton method. In the original formulation, the local polynomial approximation, called a reduced‐order model, is used to make significantly more accurate predictions compared to the standard linear prediction used in conjunction with Newton method. The correction to the exact equilibrium path relied exclusively on Newton‐Raphson method using the full model.In this paper, we proposed a modified Newton‐type KN method to trace the geometrically nonlinear response of structures. The developed predictor‐corrector strategy is applied to each predicted solution of the reduced‐order model. The reduced‐order model can be used also in the correction phase, and the exact full nonlinear model is applied only to calculate force residuals. Remainder terms in both the displacement expansion and the reduced‐order model are well considered and constantly updated during correction. The same augmented finite element model system is used for both the construction of the reduced‐order model and the iterations for correction. Hence, the developed method can be seen as a particular modified Newton method with a constant iteration matrix over the single KN step. This significantly reduces the computational cost of the method. As a side product, the method has better error control, leading to more robust step size adaptation strategies. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in treating nonlinear buckling problems.
The Effect of Methanol on the Photodeposition of Pt Nanoparticles on Tungsten Oxide
Authors: Wenderich Kasper , Han Kai , Mul Guido 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFormation of platinum nanoparticles on tungsten oxide by photodeposition from acidic [PtCl6]2− solutions in the absence or presence of methanol is studied in detail. Without methanol, [PtCl6]2−‐ions adsorbed on the WO3 surface are converted to highly dispersed PtO/Pt(OH)2 particles upon illumination, the maximum achievable amount being limited to 10–30% of [PtCl6]2− present in solution. Inclusion of methanol not only promotes adsorption of [PtCl6]2− ions, but upon illumination results in a deposited Pt quantity close to 100% of [PtCl6]2−. The obtained Pt particles are in the metallic state, large, and often clustered. The limited loading and presence of PtO/Pt(OH)2 in the absence of methanol is explained by reduction of WO3‐surface sites, accompanied by water oxidation catalyzed by PtO/Pt(OH)2 deposits. The extensive reduction of Pt in methanol solutions is likely induced by methoxy‐radicals, oxidatively formed by reaction of methanol with photogenerated holes. This study provides guidelines for optimization of synthesis procedures of Pt/WO3 (photo)catalysts.
Non‐target site SDHI resistance is present as standing genetic variation in field populations of Zymoseptoria tritici
Authors: Yamashita Masao , Fraaije Bart 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDA new generation of more active succinate dehydrogenase (Sdh) inhibitors (SDHIs) is currently widely used to control Septoria leaf blotch in northwest Europe. Detailed studies were conducted on Zymoseptoria tritici field isolates with reduced sensitivity to fluopyram and isofetamid; SDHIs which have only just or not been introduced for cereal disease control, respectively.RESULTSStrong cross‐resistance between fluopyram and isofetamid, but not with other SDHIs, was confirmed through sensitivity tests using laboratory mutants and field isolates with and without Sdh mutations. The sensitivity profiles of most field isolates resistant to fluopyram and isofetamid were very similar to a lab mutant carrying SdhC‐A84V, but no alterations were found in SdhB, C and D. Inhibition of mitochondrial Sdh enzyme activity and control efficacy in planta for those isolates was severely impaired by fluopyram and isofetamid, but not by bixafen. Isolates with similar phenotypes were not only detected in northwest Europe but also in New Zealand before the widely use of SDHIs.CONCLUSIONThis is the first report of SDHI‐specific non‐target site resistance in Z. tritici. Monitoring studies show that this resistance mechanism is present and can be selected from standing genetic variation in field populations. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Placenta-Derived Adherent Stromal Cells Improve Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Left Ventricular Diastolic Performance
Authors: Van Linthout Sophie , Hamdani Nazha , Miteva Kapka , Koschel Annika , Müller Irene , Pinzur Lena , Aberman Zami , Pappritz Kathleen , Linke Wolfgang Albrecht , Tschöpe Carsten 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLeft ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is among others attributed to cardiomyocyte stiffness. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have cardiac-protective properties. We explored whether intravenous (i.v.) application of PLacenta-eXpanded (PLX) MSC-like cells (PLX) improves LV diastolic relaxation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and investigated underlying mechanisms. Diabetes mellitus was induced by STZ application (50 mg/kg body weight) during five subsequent days. One week after the first STZ injection, PLX or saline were i.v. applied. Two weeks later, mice were hemodynamically characterized and sacrificed. At this early stage of diabetic cardiomyopathy with low-grade inflammation and no cardiac fibrosis, PLX reduced LV vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, transforming growth factor-β1, and interferon-γ mRNA expression, induced the percentage of circulating regulatory T cells, and decreased the splenic pro-fibrotic potential in STZ mice. STZ + PLX mice exhibited higher LV vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression and arteriole density versus STZ mice. In vitro, hyperglycemic PLX conditioned medium restored the hyperglycemia-impaired tube formation and adhesion capacity of human umbelical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) via increasing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. PLX further induced the diabetes-downregulated activity of the NO downstream protein kinase G, as well as of protein kinase A, in STZ mice, which was associated with a raise in phosphorylation of the titin isoforms N2BA and N2B. Concomitantly, the passive force was lower in single isolated cardiomyocytes from STZ + PLX versus from STZ mice, which led to an improvement of LV diastolic relaxation. We conclude that i.v. PLX injection improves diabetes mellitus-associated diastolic performance via decreasing cardiomyocyte stiffness.
Postoperative Bleeding After Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy: the Achilles’ Heel?
Authors: Chopinet Sophie , Fuks David , Rinaudo Mathieu , Massol Julien , Gregoire Emilie , Lamer Christian , Belgaumkar Ajay , Hardwigsen Jean , Le Treut Yves‐Patrice , Gayet Brice 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is technically demanding, and its impact on postoperative outcomes remains controversial.ObjectiveTo compare short‐term outcomes between laparoscopic versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) in order to assess the safety of LPD.MethodsFrom 2002 to 2014, all consecutive patients undergoing LPD or OPD at two tertiary centers were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were matched for demographics, comorbidities, pathological diagnosis, and pancreatic texture. Results for the two groups were compared for postoperative outcomes.ResultsSixty‐five LPD were performed and compared to 290 OPD. In the whole population, postoperative pancreatic fistula (PF) was higher in the LPD group, but the proportion of ampullary adénocarcinoma (25 vs. 10%, p = 0.004) and soft pancreatic parenchyma (52 vs. 38%, p = 0.001) were higher in the LDP group. After matching (n = 65), LPD was associated with longer operative time (429 vs. 328 min, p < 0.001) and lower blood loss (370 vs. 515 mL, p = 0.047). The PF rate and its severity were similar (33 vs. 27%, p = 0.439, p = 0.083) in the two groups. However, both complications (78 vs. 71%, p = 0.030) and major complications (40 vs. 23%, p = 0.033) were more frequent in the LPD group. LPD patients experience more postoperative bleeding (21 vs. 14%, p = 0.025) compared to their open counterparts. In multivariate analysis, perioperative transfusion (OR = 5 IC 95% (1.5–16), p = 0.008), soft pancreas (OR = 2.5 IC 95% (1.4–4.6), p = 0.001), and ampullary adenocarcinoma (OR = 2.6 IC 95% (1.2–5.6), p = 0.015) were independent risks factors of major complications.ConclusionDespite lower blood loss and lower intraoperative transfusion, LPD leads to higher rate of postoperative complications with postoperative bleeding in particular.
Analysis of Growth, Nutritional Status and Hospital Visitation Scores Associated with Reflux After Nissen Fundoplication in Neurologically Impaired Children with Gastroesophageal Reflux
Authors: Oh Chaeyoun , Youn Joong Kee , Han Ji‐Won , Kim Hyun‐Young , Jung Sung‐Eun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundNeurologically impaired children (NIC) often experience swallowing difficulties and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Although these conditions could place children in a state of poor nutritional status and prevent them from thriving, there is insufficient research evaluating growth and nutritional status following fundoplication in these patients.MethodThis is a retrospective study of patients who were neurologically impaired and underwent Nissen fundoplication between April 2001 and March 2015. Seventy‐six patients were enrolled, and the follow‐up period was 12 months or longer. Growth was measured by the change in body weight and height. Nutritional status was measured by the change in body mass index, serum albumin and protein level.ResultsMedian age at operation was 1.85 years old, and median body weight was 10 kg. The respective Z scores for weight and height showed significant improvements after 1 year since the operation compared to 1 year within the operation (−2.42 ± 2.19 vs. −1.31 ± 1.96, P < 0.001) (−1.6 ± 2.16 vs. −1.05 ± 1.69, P = 0.002). The respective Z scores for body mass index, albumin and protein also showed improvements after 1 year since the operation compared to 1 year within the operation (−2.07 ± 2.99 vs. −0.89 ± 2.1, P < 0.001) (3.55 ± 0.48 vs. 3.86 ± 0.45, P < 0.001) (6.22 ± 0.76 vs. 6.65 ± 0.51, P < 0.001). Hospital visitation scores associated with reflux were significantly lower after the operation (4.1 ± 3.43 vs. 1.18 ± 1.67, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn summary, after Nissen fundoplication in NIC with GER, growth and nutritional status improved significantly. Also, hospital visitation scores associated with reflux decreased after the operation.
Gamma Prime Precipitate Evolution During Aging of a Model Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Goodfellow A. J. , Galindo-Nava E. I. , Christofidou K. A. , Jones N. G. , Martin T. , Bagot P. A. J. , Boyer C. D. , Hardy M. C. , Stone H. J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The microstructural stability of nickel-based superalloys is critical for maintaining alloy performance during service in gas turbine engines. In this study, the precipitate evolution in a model polycrystalline Ni-based superalloy during aging to 1000 hours has been studied via transmission electron microscopy, atom probe tomography, and neutron diffraction. Variations in phase composition and precipitate morphology, size, and volume fraction were observed during aging, while the constrained lattice misfit remained constant at approximately zero. The experimental composition of the γ matrix phase was consistent with thermodynamic equilibrium predictions, while significant differences were identified between the experimental and predicted results from the γ′ phase. These results have implications for the evolution of mechanical properties in service and their prediction using modeling methods.
Working Life Expectancy at Age 50 in the United States and the Impact of the Great Recession
Authors: Dudel Christian , Myrskylä Mikko 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA key concern about population aging is the decline in the size of the economically active population. Working longer is a potential remedy. However, little is known about the length of working life and how it relates to macroeconomic conditions. We use the U.S. Health and Retirement Study for 1992–2011 and multistate life tables to analyze working life expectancy at age 50 and study the impact of the Great Recession in 2007–2009. Despite declines of one to two years following the recession, in 2008–2011, American men aged 50 still spent 13 years, or two-fifths of their remaining life, working; American women of the same age spent 11 years, or one-third of their remaining life, in employment. Although educational differences in working life expectancy have been stable since the mid-1990s, racial differences started changing after the onset of the Great Recession. Our results show that although Americans generally work longer than people in other countries, considerable subpopulation heterogeneity exists. We also find that the time trends are fluctuating, which may prove troublesome as the population ages. Policies targeting the weakest performing groups may be needed to increase the total population trends.
Hepatic Bubble: Rare Case of a Primary Hepatic Cyst
Authors: Singh Divya , Kaur Ladbans , Kaur Meetan Preet 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFetal hepatic cyst is a rare lesion. The authors present a case of fetal hepatic cyst detected at 20 weeks of gestation during the target scan. Sonography revealed an anechoic lesion in the right upper quadrant of the fetal abdomen lacking vascularity on color Doppler. The lesion remained stable during the course of pregnancy. A baby girl was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation. Postnatal evaluation of the child confirmed the diagnosis of a primary hepatic cyst.
A Tale of Eight Pesticides: Risk Regulation and Public Health in China
Authors: SNYDER Francis , NI Lili 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article focuses on the use and regulation of eight toxic pesticides in agricultural production in China. The pesticides are bifenthrin, chlorpyrifus, diazinon, dimethoate, methidathion, omethoate, phosmet and phosphamidon. These pesticides pose widely recognised public health risks in China. So far as we know, the article is the first article in English ever to treat these pesticides systematically from the standpoint of the regulation of risks to human beings and to the environment. Adopting perspectives from public health, economic sociology and law, the article considers the principal characteristics of these pesticides, the main health risks associated with their use in agricultural production and how these pesticides in agricultural production are currently regulated in Chinese law. It identifies a series of policy implications and makes specific policy recommendations concerning risk regulation of these eight pesticides.
The Italian Xylella Case: The Role of EFSA in the EU Decision-making on Risk
Authors: PAGANO Mario 
Published: October 2017

Joined Cases C-78/16 and C-79/16, Giovanni Pesce (et al) v Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, [2016] EU:C:2016:428.In Xylella, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) was called upon to assess how far policymakers can go in conditions of scientific uncertainty, and whether EFSA opinions can be indirectly subject to judicial review, despite not being legally binding. In particular, the Xylella case highlights the relevance of EFSA’s scientific authority over the Commission: since EFSA opinions are not directly reviewable by the CJEU – as they constitute an intermediate stage of a more complex administrative procedure – the political and legal liabilities relating to EFSA assessments are entirely shifted onto the Commission, whose discretion is reviewable by the EU judiciary. In this regard, the Xylella case confirms how difficult the judicial review of precautionary measures can be. It shows once again that a full assessment of these measures is impossible, as scientific uncertainty restricts the grounds for judicial review to the manifest appropriateness of the contested measures and the availability of less onerous and equally effective measures.
Appraisal of the fossil record ofHomarus(nephropid lobster), with description of a new species from the upper Oligocene of Hungary and remarks on the status ofHoploparia
Authors: Tshudy Dale , Hyžný Matúš , Dulai Alfréd , Jagt John W.M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe fossil record of the clawed lobster genus,Homarus, is appraised. The taxonomic history ofHomarusandHoplopariais summarized, and a list of species recognized for each is provided. A tabulation of all fossil species of the family Nephropidae permits assessment of nephropid species diversity through time. A new species ofHomarus,H.hungaricus, is recorded from the upper Oligocene (Chattian) Mány Formation at Mány, northern Hungary. The species is known by a single specimen consisting of a partial cephalothorax, a pleon minus telson, and partial chelipeds.Homarusis now known by two extant species (H.americanusandH.gammarus) and six fossil taxa, one of Early Cretaceous (Albian;H.benedeni) and five of Cenozoic age (H.hungaricusn. sp.,H.klebsi,H.lehmanni,H.morrisi, andH.percyi). The new fossilHomarusdiffers from modern congeners in aspects of carapace and pleon ornamentation and, especially, cutter claw shape. This is the fourth Oligocene occurrence of a nephropid species; all areHomarusand all are from Western Europe.Homarusmakes its appearance in the fossil record in the Early Cretaceous (Albian) and then is not known again until the Paleogene, despite the fact that nephropid lobsters in general are well known from the Late Cretaceous. Nephropid lobsters are better known from the Cretaceous than from the Cenozoic. Both raw species numbers and numbers corrected (normalized) for epicontinental sea coverage show that shelf-dwelling nephropid lobsters were most diverse during the Late Cretaceous.