bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Self‐Assembly of a Neutral Dinuclear Double‐Stranded Zinc(II) Helicate via Narcissistic Self‐Sorting
Authors: Jarzebski Andreas , Tenten Christina , Bannwarth Christoph , Schnakenburg Gregor , Grimme Stefan , Lützen Arne 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA new bis(salicylimine) ligand based on the Tröger's base scaffold was synthesized in racemic and enantiomerically pure form. Upon coordination to zinc(II) ions this ligand undergoes highly diastereoselective self‐assembly into neutral dinuclear double‐stranded helicates as proven by XRD analysis and via comparison of experimental ECD spectra with those simulated with quantum‐chemical methods. When the racemic ligand was used, self‐assembly occurs under narcissistic self‐sorting resulting in the formation of a racemic pair of helicates as revealed by NMR spectroscopy and XRD analysis.
Study of fluid dynamic conditions in the selected static mixers part I‐ research of pressure drop
Authors: Stec Magdalena , Synowiec Piotr Maria 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIn the process industry the use of static mixers is constantly rising. Notwithstanding, due to the multitude of available types, the selection of a proper construction is not as simple and requires the knowledge of complete description of a device. In the performed research there was an attempt to present the complete fluid‐dynamic characteristics of two static mixers: Kenics, well known and commonly used, and Koflo, which has not yet been described in the relevant literature. The empty pipe was also studied as a background for comparison. However, according to the huge amount of gathered data, the report was divided into separate parts, dedicated to pressure drops, residence time distributions, and mixture homogeneity, respectively. The presented paper is focused on the pressure drop analysis which contains the experimental study, the validation of the obtained data on the basis of manufacturer's correlations, as well as computational values and the presentation of new pressure drop relations that enable the pressure drop predictions from Eu or Ne number. As a result of the accomplished study, a good accuracy between the values calculated form given equations and those achieved in the experimental manner was confirmed. It was also shown that due to smaller energy consumption Koflo static mixer can be successfully used instead of Kenics. What is more, the presented report clearly states that static mixers require a huge power demand which leads to the increased maintenance costs and that information should be considered during the system design.
Neuronal aromatase expression in pain processing regions of the medullary and spinal cord dorsal horn
Authors: Tran May , Kuhn Julia A. , Bráz João M. , Basbaum Allan I. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn both acute and chronic pain conditions, women tend to be more sensitive than men. This sex difference may be regulated by estrogens, such as estradiol, that are synthesized in the spinal cord and brainstem and act locally to influence pain processing. To identify a potential cellular source of local estrogen, here we examined the expression of aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of testosterone to estradiol. Our studies focused on primary afferent neurons and on their central targets in the spinal cord and medulla as well as in the nucleus of the solitary tract, the target of nodose ganglion‐derived visceral afferents. Immunohistochemical staining in an aromatase reporter mouse revealed that many neurons in laminae I and V of the spinal cord dorsal horn and caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus and in the nucleus of the solitary tract express aromatase. The great majority of these cells also express inhibitory interneuron markers. We did not find sex differences in aromatase expression and neither the pattern nor the number of neurons changed in a sciatic nerve transection model of neuropathic pain or in the Complete Freund's adjuvant model of inflammatory pain. A few aromatase neurons express Fos after cheek injection of capsaicin, formalin, or chloroquine. In total, given their location, these aromatase neurons are poised to engage nociceptive circuits, whether it is through local estrogen synthesis or inhibitory neurotransmitter release.
Inferior olivary projection to the zebrin II stripes in lobule IXcd of the pigeon flocculus: A retrograde tracing study
Authors: Wylie Douglas R. , Gutiérrez‐Ibáñez Cristián , Corfield Jeremy R. , Craciun Iulia , Graham David J. , Hurd Peter L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractZebrin II (ZII; a.k.a. aldolase C) is expressed heterogeneously in Purkinje cells (PCs) such that there are sagittal stripes of high expression (ZII+) interdigitated with stripes of little or no expression (ZII−). The pigeon flocculus receives visual‐optokinetic information and is important for generating compensatory eye movements. It consists of 4 sagittal zones based on PC complex spike activity (CSA) in response to rotational optokinetic stimuli. There are two zones where CSA responds best to rotation about the vertical axis (VA), interdigitated with two zones where CSA responds best to rotation about an horizontal axis (HA). These optokinetic zones relate to the ZII stripes in folium IXcd of the flocculus, such that an optokinetic zone spans a ZII+/− pair: the HA zones span the P5+/− and P7+/− ZII stripe pairs, whereas the VA zones correspond to ZII stripe pairs P4+/− and P6+/−. In the present study, we used fluorescent retrograde tracing to determine the olivary inputs to the ZII+ and ZII− stripes within the functional pairs. We found that separate but adjacent areas of the medial column of the inferior olive (mcIO) project to the ZII+ and ZII− stripes within each of the functional pairs. Thus, although a ZII+/− stripe pair represents a functional unit in the pigeon flocculus insofar as the CSA of all PCs in the stripe pair encodes similar sensory information, the olivary inputs to the ZII+ and ZII− stripes arise from different, although adjacent, regions of the mcIO.
Unconventional Nonlinear Input–Output Response in a Luminescent Molecular Switch by Inner Filtering Effects
Authors: Baroncini Massimo , Semeraro Monica , Credi Alberto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Massimo Baroncini. The image depicts a phenomenon known as inner filter effect, in which the light emitted in solution by 8‐methoxyquinoline in its basic form is reabsorbed by the acid form of the same fluorophore. The combination of inner filtering with acid–base switching leads to a nonlinear input–output response. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201700046.
Biomass‐Derived Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes
Authors: Sahoo Basudev , Formenti Dario , Topf Christoph , Bachmann Stephan , Scalone Michelangelo , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDevelopment of catalytically active materials from biowaste represents an important aspect of sustainable chemical research. Three heterogeneous materials were synthesized from inexpensive biomass‐based chitosan and abundant Co(OAc)2 using complexation followed by pyrolysis at various temperatures. These materials were applied in the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes using molecular hydrogen. A variety of diversely functionalized nitroarenes including some pharmaceutically active compounds were converted into aromatic amines in high yields, with high selectivity, and with excellent functional group tolerance. This green protocol has also been implemented for the synthesis of a biologically important TRPC3 inhibitor.
Isl1 Controls Patterning and Mineralization of Enamel in the Continuously Renewing Mouse Incisor
Authors: Naveau Adrien , Zhang Bin , Meng Bo , Sutherland McGarrett T , Prochazkova Michaela , Wen Timothy , Marangoni Pauline , Jones Kyle B , Cox Timothy C , Ganss Bernhard , Jheon Andrew H , Klein Ophir D 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Rodents are characterized by continuously renewing incisors whose growth is fueled by epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells housed in the proximal compartments of the tooth. The epithelial stem cells reside in structures known as the labial (toward the lip) and lingual (toward the tongue) cervical loops (laCL and liCL, respectively). An important feature of the rodent incisor is that enamel, the outer, highly mineralized layer, is asymmetrically distributed, because it is normally generated by the laCL but not the liCL. Here, we show that epithelial-specific deletion of the transcription factor Islet1 (Isl1) is sufficient to drive formation of ectopic enamel by the liCL stem cells, and also that it leads to production of altered enamel on the labial surface. Molecular analyses of developing and adult incisors revealed that epithelial deletion of Isl1 affected multiple, major pathways: Bmp (bone morphogenetic protein), Hh (hedgehog), Fgf (fibroblast growth factor), and Notch signaling were upregulated and associated with liCL-generated ectopic enamel; on the labial side, upregulation of Bmp and Fgf signaling, and downregulation of Shh were associated with premature enamel formation. Transcriptome profiling studies identified a suite of differentially regulated genes in developing Isl1 mutant incisors. Our studies demonstrate that ISL1 plays a central role in proper patterning of stem cell–derived enamel in the incisor and indicate that this factor is an important upstream regulator of signaling pathways during tooth development and renewal. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Inducible Activation of FGFR2 in Adult Mice Promotes Bone Formation After Bone Marrow Ablation
Authors: Xu Wei , Luo Fengtao , Wang Quan , Tan Qiaoyan , Huang Junlan , Zhou Siru , Wang Zuqiang , Sun Xianding , Kuang Liang , Jin Min , Su Nan , Jiang Wanling , Chen Liang , Qi Huabing , Zhu Ying , Chen Bo , Chen Hangang , Chen Shuai , Gao Yu , Xu Xiaoling , Deng Chuxia , Chen Lin , Xie Yangli , Du Xiaolan 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Apert syndrome is one of the most severe craniosynostoses, resulting from gain-of-function mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Previous studies have shown that gain-of-function mutations of FGFR2 (S252W or P253R) cause skull malformation of human Apert syndrome by affecting both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, underscoring the key role of FGFR2 in bone development. However, the effects of FGFR2 on bone formation at the adult stage have not been fully investigated. To investigate the role of FGFR2 in bone formation, we generated mice with tamoxifen-inducible expression of mutant FGFR2 (P253R) at the adult stage. Mechanical bone marrow ablation (BMX) was performed in both wild-type and Fgfr2 mutant (MT) mice. Changes in newly formed trabecular bone were assessed by micro-computed tomography and bone histomorphometry. We found that MT mice exhibited increased trabecular bone formation and decreased bone resorption after BMX accompanied with a remarkable increase in bone marrow stromal cell recruitment and proliferation, osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, and enhanced Wnt/β-catenin activity. Furthermore, pharmacologically inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling can partially reverse the increased trabecular bone formation and decreased bone resorption in MT mice after BMX. Our data demonstrate that gain-of-function mutation in FGFR2 exerts a Wnt/β-catenin-dependent anabolic effect on trabecular bone by promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption at the adult stage. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evaluation of the URiSCAN 2 ACR Strip to estimate the urine albumin/creatinine ratios
Authors: Lim Sangeun , Yu Hui‐Jin , Lee Seungjun , Park Hyosoon , Kwon Min‐Jung , Woo Hee‐Yeon 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) test is used to screen patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases that put them at an increased risk of developing kidney disease. Here, we evaluated the performance of the URiSCAN 2 ACR Strip (URiSCAN; YD diagnostics, Yongin, Korea), a semiquantitative point‐of‐care testing (POCT) assay, and we compared to an existing POCT assay and a quantitative assay.Materials and MethodsA total of 1,020 random urine specimens were analyzed using the semiquantitative URiSCAN 2 ACR Strip and semiquantitative CLINITEK Microalbumin 2 Strip (CLINITEK; Siemens, New York, USA). We evaluated the precision of the URiSCAN 2 ACR Strip and compared the results of the ACR obtained from URiSCAN to those of CLINITEK with the quantitative results of a quantitative assay as a reference.ResultsThe precision evaluation of the URiSCAN revealed a range between the cutoff (C50)−20% and C50+20% bounds, the C5‐C95 interval, with 85.8% confidence. URiSCAN and CLINITEK showed sensitivity and specificity of 87.7% and 72.2%, and 90.2% and 83.0%, respectively. The concordance rates of URiSCAN with CLINITEK and the quantitative assay were 75.6% and 79.1%, respectively. The concordance rate in the abnormal range (≥30 mg/g) between URiSCAN and the quantitative assay were higher than that between CLINITEK and the quantitative assay (78.8% vs 75.4%).ConclusionsURiSCAN showed good precision and comparable sensitivity with lower specificity than those of CLINITEK.
Reconstruction using a perforator free flap after malignant melanoma resection of the ankle and foot
Authors: Suh Young C. , Suh Hyunsuk P. , Lee Jong S. , Chang Jee S. , Hong Joon P. (Jp) 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundSurgical excision with adequate margin is the treatment of choice to provide best chance for survival. However, tumors located on distal lower extremity may require reconstruction to salvage the limb which may affect prognosis and quality of life. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of free flap on overall outcomes of patients with primary malignant melanoma located on the foot and ankle.MethodsPatients with primary malignant melanoma on the leg and foot who required free flap coverage between August 2005 and January 2014 were evaluated. The reconstruction and oncological outcomes were assessed.ResultsThe cohort of 59 patients showed 96.7% successful reconstructive outcomes. The mean duration from surgery to partial weight bearing was 9 days. The 5‐year overall survival and 5‐year progression‐free survival rates were 73.2% and 44%, respectively. The overall VAS‐FA score was 94.1 implying excellent functional recovery.ConclusionThe use of free flaps to close defects after cancer resection can help preserve maximal extremity length and function. This approach does not have negative impact on overall outcome and further provide an increased quality of life with better function. Reconstruction using free flaps should be considered primarily when defects cannot be covered by conventional methods.
Synergistic Modulation of Inflammatory but not Metabolic Effects of High‐Fat Feeding by CCR2 and CX3CR1
Authors: Zhang Hanrui , Hinkle Christine C , O'Neill Sean M. , Shi Jianting , Caughey Jennifer , Lynch Emma , Lynch Gina , Gerelus Mark , Tsai Andrew S. D. , Shah Rachana , Ferguson Jane F. , Ahima Rexford S. , Reilly Muredach P. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to explore the impact of dual targeting of C‐C motif chemokine receptor‐2 (CCR2) and fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) on the metabolic and inflammatory consequences of obesity induced by a high‐fat diet (HFD).MethodsC57BL/6J wild‐type, Cx3cr1−/−, Ccr2−/−, and Cx3cr1−/−Ccr2−/− double‐knockout male and female mice were fed a 45% HFD for up to 25 weeks starting at 12 weeks of age.ResultsAll groups gained weight at a similar rate and developed a similar degree of adiposity, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and impairment of insulin sensitivity in response to HFD. As expected, the circulating monocyte count was decreased in Ccr2−/− and Cx3cr1−/−Ccr2−/− mice but not in Cx3cr1−/− mice. Flow cytometric analysis of perigonadal adipose tissue of male, but not female, mice revealed trends to lower CD11c+MGL1− M1‐like macrophages and higher CD11c−MGL1+ M2‐like macrophages as a percentage of CD45+F4/80+CD11b+ macrophages in Cx3cr1−/−Ccr2−/− mice versus wild‐type mice, suggesting reduced adipose tissue macrophage activation. In contrast, single knockout of Ccr2 or Cx3cr1 did not differ in their adipose macrophage phenotypes.ConclusionsAlthough CCR2 and CX3CR1 may synergistically impact inflammatory phenotypes, their joint deficiency did not influence the metabolic effects of a 45% HFD‐induced obesity in these model conditions.
pH‐Responsive Interaction of Fluorogenic Antimalarial Drug Quinine with Macrocyclic Host Cucurbit[7]uril: Modulations in Photophysical and Acid‐Base Properties
Authors: Boraste Deepak R. , Chakraborty Goutam , Ray Alok K. , Shankarling Ganapati S. , Pal Haridas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntriguing changes in photophysical and acid‐base properties of fluorogenic antimalarial drug, quinine (QN), are presented on its interaction with macrocyclic cucurbit[7]uril (CB7)host. While dicationic QNH22+ form shows large enhancement in both steady state and time‐resolved fluorescence, monocationic QNH+ and neutral QN forms show significant reductions. The pKa(1) and pKa(2) values of the drug undergo ∼1 and ∼1.7 units of upward shifts, respectively, on its binding to CB7 host, substantiating the differential binding strengths of various prototropic forms. Whereas the QNH22+ and QNH+ forms undergo 1:2 (dye to CB7) inclusion complex formation, the neutral QN is suggested to form 1:1 inclusion complex with CB7.Interestingly, the observed results in the present study are substantially different and in some cases quite contrasting to the results reported in a recently published paper (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 30520). In the present study we could unequivocally establish that there were many serious inconsistencies in the above paper, which we could now convincingly rectify, designing appropriate experimental and sample conditions. With the intriguing modulations observed in the photophysical and acid‐base properties, the quinine‐CB7 system is suggested to act as an improved fluorimetric standard than the free quinine system. Additionally, the modulations have implications in drug stabilization, drug delivery, sensors and other applications.
Genetik der angeborenen Herzfehler
Authors: Kahlert Anne-Karin , Hoff Kirstin , Hitz Marc-Phillip 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungStrukturelle Herzfehler sind eine der häufigsten menschlichen Fehlbildungen. Es lassen sich mehrere morphologische Gruppen unterscheiden, wobei auch Überlappungen mit verschiedenen Formen der Kardiomyopathien, unter anderem mit der Non-Compaction Kardiomyopathie, beobachtet werden. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt liegt nur ein sehr eingeschränktes Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden genetischen Ursachen vor. Dies liegt zum einen an einer „komplexen Genetik“, bei welcher häufig reduzierte Penetranz und variable Expressivität vorliegen, zum anderen aber auch an heterogenen Literaturangaben, bei denen nur unzureichende genetische Evidenzen bestehen. Der Fokus dieses Reviews ist es, anhand von stringenten Evidenzkriterien die bekannten Gene für strukturelle Herzfehler darzustellen. Speziell durch die Nutzung von Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) können zunehmend mehr relevante genetische Zusammenhänge geklärt werden. Dies gilt nicht nur für die Validierung von Genotyp-Phänotyp-Assoziationen, sondern auch für die Identifizierung neuer Gene für angeborene Herzfehler (AHF), was besonders wegen des seltenen Vorkommens rekurrenter AHF-assoziierter Mutationen im gleichen Gen in Zukunft notwendig sein wird. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, ist es notwendig, große deutschlandweite oder internationale Studien zu etablieren und bereits publizierte Datensätze öffentlich zugänglich zu machen. Dies sollte auch für diagnostische Datensätze gelten. Mit einem derartigen Ansatz könnte nicht nur eine Gen-Panel-Diagnostik, sondern auch die Eingruppierung der Herzfehler in therapeutische Subgruppen erreicht werden.
Do‐Not‐Resuscitate Orders in the Perioperative Environment: A Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Baumann Malgorzata , Killebrew Shelley , Zimnicki Katherine , Balint Katherine 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDo‐not‐resuscitate (DNR) orders in the perioperative environment must be managed according to national and institutional guidelines. Health care professionals, including perioperative nurses, may be unfamiliar with the guidelines and unsure of their role in reevaluating a DNR order. We conducted a multidisciplinary quality improvement project at a metropolitan community hospital that aimed to improve health care providers’ compliance with the institutional policy, nursing involvement in DNR reevaluation, and communication between providers. The project intervention was an educational fair preceded and followed by a survey measuring knowledge about DNR orders, institutional policy, and national guidelines; attitude toward and comfort with the reevaluation process; and the effectiveness of the communication processes. Knowledge of DNR orders improved (P < .0001) for three of four survey questions. Attitude, comfort, and communication also improved (P < .01). A chart audit two months after the intervention showed that compliance with the institutional policy increased by 75%.
Marshall–Olkin distributions, subordinators, efficient simulation, and applications to credit risk
Authors: Sun Yunpeng , Mendoza-Arriaga Rafael , Linetsky Vadim 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In the paper we present a novel construction of Marshall–Olkin (MO) multivariate exponential distributions of failure times as distributions of the first-passage times of the coordinates of multidimensional Lévy subordinator processes above independent unit-mean exponential random variables. A time-inhomogeneous version is also given that replaces Lévy subordinators with additive subordinators. An attractive feature of MO distributions for applications, such as to portfolio credit risk, is its singular component that yields positive probabilities of simultaneous defaults of multiple obligors, capturing the default clustering phenomenon. The drawback of the original MO fatal shock construction of MO distributions is that it requires one to simulate 2n-1 independent exponential random variables. In practice, the dimensionality is typically on the order of hundreds or thousands of obligors in a large credit portfolio, rendering the MO fatal shock construction infeasible to simulate. The subordinator construction reduces the problem of simulating a rich subclass of MO distributions to simulating an n-dimensional subordinator. When one works with the class of subordinators constructed from independent one-dimensional subordinators with known transition distributions, such as gamma and inverse Gaussian, or their Sato versions in the additive case, the simulation effort is linear in n. To illustrate, we present a simulation of 100,000 samples of a credit portfolio with 1,000 obligors that takes less than 18 seconds on a PC.
Asymptotics for the time of ruin in the war of attrition
Authors: Ernst Philip A. , Grigorescu Ilie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe consider two players, starting withmandnunits, respectively. In each round, the winner is decided with probability proportional to each player's fortune, and the opponent loses one unit. We prove an explicit formula for the probabilityp(m,n) that the first player wins. Whenm~Nx0,n~Ny0, we prove the fluid limit asN→ ∞. Whenx0=y0,z→p(N,N+z√N) converges to the standard normal cumulative distribution function and the difference in fortunes scales diffusively. The exact limit of the time of ruin τNis established as (T- τN) ~N-βW1/β, β = ¼,T=x0+y0. Modulo a constant,W~ χ21(z02/T2).