bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro digestion and fermentation of the whole goji berry: Bioactive ingredients change and impacts on human gut microbiota
Authors: Wang Jinghan , Ren Yanming , Ye Xingqian , Zhang Huiling , Tian Jinhu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGoji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) is a nutrient‐rich fruit and has received enormous interest for its health benefits. The beneficial effects of goji berry are linked to the absorption of bioactive compounds within the gastrointestinal digestion process and colon fermentation. Nonetheless, how certain bioactive compounds were released, and metabolism changed of the consumption of whole goji berries were still unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the digestion characteristics of key bioactive compounds in whole goji berries with an in vitro digestion model, and the effects of whole goji berries on the structure of gut microbiota were also investigated. Results showed that a significant release of carbohydrates during the digestion process, peaking within the first 15 min of the intestinal phase (421.4 ± 5.82 mg GE/g, dry weight, respectively), was observed, and the phenolic release reached the highest in the first 15 min of the gastric phase. Meanwhile, the bioaccessibilities of phenolic compounds and carbohydrates were determined to be 63.87% and 80.40%, respectively, after intestinal digestion. In addition, the undigested fractions of goji berries could be further fermented to produce short‐chain fatty acids, which decreased the colon pH value (from 7.38 to 6.71) as well as the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Moreover, the goji berries regulated the composition of gut microbiota by promoting beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Paraclostridium, whereas inhibiting the proliferation of harmful bacteria (e.g., Fusobacterium). Our results indicated that the goji berry exhibited significant bioactivity during the digestion and fermentation stage and might provide some new insights into the utilization of goji berries in healthy food processing.
The advantages and trends of lactic acid fermentation in the production of innovative fruit puree: Analysis with PROMETHEE and cluster
Authors: Ucak‐Ozkaya Gulsum 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe goal of this study was to create a fermented probiotic fruit puree for lactose‐intolerant people, vegetarians, and infants over 6 months old. Fermented fruit purees were developed using apples, peaches, and bananas with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains: Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum (S5), Lactobacillus fermentum strain w8 (S10), and Lactobacillus pentosus strain ml104 (S14). Different fruit puree formulations were produced using three strains, two inoculation ratios (4% and 5%), and two fermentation durations (24 and 48 h). The physicochemical parameters (pH, total soluble solids, and color), total phenols content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity, bacterial viability, volatile aroma profile (VAP), and individual phenolic compound profile of fruit puree fermented for both 24 and 48 h were compared with the unfermented (control) purees. The results of VAP were evaluated via PROMETHEE and cluster analysis. Time of fermentation and bacterial cultures at varied concentrations improved color values of samples (L*, a*, and b*) compared to controls. The level of bioactive compounds in several samples (S10 and S14) decreased after fermentation in contrast to S5 samples. The bacterial population in the samples ranged from ∼7.00 to 9.50 log CFU/g after 48‐h fermentation. The fruit puree samples exhibited the presence of two different phenolic compounds and a total of 17 distinct volatile aroma compounds. The control sample scored highest for aromatic components in PROMETHEE, while S14‐II was the most unique sample in cluster analysis. In conclusion, fermented probiotic fruit puree shown high promise as a carrier for live probiotics, and the fermentation process boosted the nutritional content of the fruit puree.
Toward “clean label” processed meat using starter culture and beetroot powder: A case‐study in restructured cooked ham
Authors: da Silva Elen Carla Alves , Ramalho Isabelly da Silva , Ribeiro Halley Dayane dos Santos , Ferreira Valquíria Cardoso da Silva , da Silva Filho José Narciso Francisco , de Santos Maria de Fátima Clementino dos , da Silva Fábio Anderson Pereira 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of the combination of beet powder, starter culture, and sodium erythorbate as a curing agent on the chemical and microbiological characteristics of restructured cooked ham during cold storage. Five treatments were developed: the positive control group (COP) with the addition of nitrite and sodium erythorbate, negative control treatment (CON) with the addition of sodium erythorbate; ham added with beet powder (AP), ham added with beet powder and starter culture (APC), ham added with beet powder, starter culture, and sodium erythorbate (APCE). The ham's curing properties and oxidative stability were analyzed for 30 days under refrigeration. The APCE treatment showed better conversion of nitrate to nitrite at time 0 (46.6 mg/kg). The COP sample showed higher residual nitrite content at time 0 (73.1 mg/kg) and nitrosohemochrome pigment (35.67 ppm). Combining beet powder with the commercial starter culture and sodium erythorbate in the formulation of restructured cooked hams positively affected the control of lipid and protein oxidation, making it an alternative to commercial sodium nitrite.Practical ApplicationBeetroot and arugula powders are added to the restructured cooked ham to prepare a clean‐label meat product without sodium nitrite. The effects of starter culture and sodium erythorbate are also evaluated. .
Appendicitis links to the afterward subsequent psoriatic disease occurrence in Taiwan national health insurance research database: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Hsu Chung‐Yuan , Su Yu‐Jih , Lee Yung‐Heng , Chen Hsian‐Min , Lu Chih‐Cheng , Chen Hsin‐Hua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the psoriatic disease risk among patients with previous appendicitis.MethodsThis study was a nationwide population‐based case–control study about the association between the psoriatic disease risk among patients with a history of appendicitis in Taiwan. The study population consisted of newly diagnosed psoriatic disease with at least two outpatient visits, and the control group included those patients without psoriatic disease at the same index date. Patients with a previous diagnosis of appendicitis or who underwent appendectomy surgery prior to their psoriatic disease diagnosis were recorded. The odds ratio of psoriatic disease diagnosis in the two groups with and without a history of appendicitis were analyzed and compared.ResultsA total of 48 894 individuals diagnosed with psoriatic disease were matched with 292 656 controls by age and gender. Notably, the proportion of patients with a history of appendicitis or primary appendectomy was significantly elevated among those with psoriatic disease compared with the control cohort (both p < .05). On average, the occurrence of appendicitis preceded the index date by 3.3 ± 2.3 years. Multivariate analysis revealed a heightened incidence rate of psoriatic disease in patients previously diagnosed with appendicitis, periodontal disease, Charlson comorbidity index score (CCIS) ≧1, and ill‐defined intestinal infections. This association persisted after adjusting for confounding factors, such as periodontal disease, CCIS, Salmonella, and ill‐defined intestinal infections. The odds ratios for psoriatic disease in individuals with a history of appendicitis, periodontal disease, CCIS ≧1, and ill‐defined intestinal infections were 1.16, 1.008, 1.69, and 1.23, respectively, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals of 1.03–1.31, 1.05–1.11, 1.65–1.74, and 1.20–1.26. These findings underscore the independent association between appendicitis and subsequent development of psoriatic disease, even after adjusting for relevant comorbidities and potential confounders.ConclusionOur research illustrates that appendicitis is associated with an increased likelihood of developing a psoriatic disease, despite several limitations. These limitations encompass variables such as dietary and smoking habits, alongside other potential confounding factors that were not fully considered. Moreover, inherent biases in utilizing national health insurance data, such as the absence of laboratory information, as well as the constraints inherent in a retrospective study design, should be acknowledged.
Leader versus lagger: How the timing of financial reports affects audit quality and investment efficiency
Authors: Liu Nanqin , Zhang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper examines how relative timing affects the quality of financial reports in a staggered reporting system in which some firms report earlier than others. We show that the audit quality of the leading firm exceeds that of the lagger. Investment efficiency also differs systematically across firms, depending on the relative reporting timing as well as the audit market structure. Audit regulations mitigate the misalignment of interests between auditors and investors but limit the effect of information spillovers. We characterize the socially optimal auditing standards and show how and why imposing minimum audit quality requirements complements and/or substitutes for adjusting auditors' legal liability. Overall, we show that a staggered reporting system dominates a simultaneous reporting system in enhancing audit quality and investment efficiency through regulation.
The impact of fiscal expenditure fluctuation on cost asymmetry: Evidence from China
Authors: Liao Jingwen , Yang Hao , Li Ziyang , Chen Yanjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between district government fiscal expenditure fluctuation and asymmetric cost behaviour in China. Using the unique manual data sets of Chinese A‐listed firms during the period 2003–2018, we find that cost stickiness is a pervasive phenomenon and that fiscal expenditure fluctuation positively affects cost stickiness. The results also demonstrate this effect is more pronounced when labour input is high and the size of the population is large. In addition, our further analysis indicates that higher social welfare incomes and the higher administrative level of a city can influence these results.
Interactions between host plant quality and non‐consumptive predator effects on oviposition and larval behaviour of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Kulkarni Sharavari , Evenden Maya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The presence of predators can induce non‐consumptive effects on prey that result in subsequent changes to prey behaviour and defence.
We investigate the interaction between top‐down non‐consumptive effects of various stages of the predator Coccinella septempunctata L.(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (larvae and adult) and bottom‐up effects of host nutrition on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) oviposition and larval host choice. We also compare the effect of presence of intact predators, predators without mandibles, confined predators and a no predator control treatment on P. xylostella larval growth, survival and herbivory.
Host plant nutrition influenced the host choice of adult female P. xylostella; no interaction was observed between bottom‐up host plant nutrition and the presence of C. septempunctata adults or larvae on oviposition or larval host choice by P. xylostella.
Predator presence impacted larval feeding and weight gain. The presence of free‐moving C. septempunctata adults without mandibles that could not predate P. xylostella reduced mean leaf consumption by P. xylostella larvae to 1.88 ± 0.21 cm2 and reduced weight gain to 2.12 ± 0.16 mg. Despite differences in leaf damage and larval weight gain, survival remained consistent across the non‐consumptive treatments.
Intact C. septempunctata larvae reduced leaf damage and subsequent P. xylostella larval weight gain. The presence of larval predators across the non‐consumptive treatments, however, had no effect on feeding damage or weight gain.
Results of our investigation indicate that C. septempunctata causes some non‐consumptive effects on P. xylostella that depend on predator life stage, level of confinement and prey life stage. It is likely that P. xylostella responds to multi‐modal cues in predator detection.
Perfusate hemoglobin during normothermic liver machine perfusion as biomarker of early allograft dysfunction: A pilot study
Authors: Maeda Akinori , Starkey Graham , Spano Sofia , Chaba Anis , Eastwood Glenn , Yoshino Osamu , Perini Marcos Vinicius , Fink Michael , Bellomo Rinaldo , Jones Robert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundNormothermic machine perfusion (NMP) aims to reduce ischemia–reperfusion injury in donor livers and its clinical manifestation, early allograft dysfunction (EAD) by maintaining perfusion and oxygenation. However, there is limited data on which NMP perfusate biomarkers might be associated with such EAD and the role of perfusate hemoglobin has not been assessed.MethodsWe performed a pilot retrospective analysis of adult donor livers undergoing NMP between 2020 and 2022 at our center. NMP was commenced at the recipient hospital after initial static cold storage. All NMP circuits were primed in the same manner according to the manufacturer's instructions. Livers were stratified by initial perfusate hemoglobin below (≤5.2 mmol/L) or above (>5.2 mmol/L) the median. The association between hemoglobin levels and EAD or recipient peak transaminase levels was assessed.ResultsAmong 23 livers, eight were considered unsuitable for transplantation, leaving 15 livers for assessment. Higher initial hemoglobin was associated with a lower risk of EAD (0% vs. 55.6%, p = 0.04). Perfusate hemoglobin decreased after NMP initiation (p = 0.003) and negatively correlated with recipient peak transaminase levels (ALT: ρ = −0.72, p = 0.002; AST: ρ = −0.79, p < 0.001). Consistently, higher hemoglobin livers also demonstrated lower perfusate liver enzymes.ConclusionsPerfusate hemoglobin levels decreased during NMP, and lower perfusate hemoglobin levels were associated with a higher incidence of EAD and higher levels of liver injury markers. Maintaining higher hemoglobin levels during NMP may help reduce ischemia–reperfusion injury and prevent or attenuate EAD. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate the findings of this pilot study.
Letter: Ulcerative proctitis—A step towards addressing the knowledge gap, and a call for greater detail, in trial data
Authors: Chetwood John David , Ding Nik Sheng 
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Ferreiro‐Iglesias et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18133 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18281
Letter: Enhancing gastric cancer prevention—The need for a comprehensive three‐tier emergency management strategy
Authors: Zhou Zhangbing , Wang Liu , Chen Yunfeng 
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Ligato et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17872 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18283
Letter: Ulcerative proctitis—A step towards addressing the knowledge gap, and a call for greater detail, in trial data—Authors' reply
Authors: Ferreiro‐Iglesias Rocío , Barreiro‐de Acosta Manuel 
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Ferreiro‐Iglesias et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18133 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18248
DCC in the cerebral cortex is required for cognitive functions in mouse
Authors: Hu Yun‐Qing , Liu Wei‐Tang , Wu Yong , Hu Zhi‐Bin , Tao Yun‐Chao , Zhang Qiong , Chen Jia‐Yin , Li Ming , Hu Ling , Ding Yu‐Qiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSchizophrenia (SZ) is a highly heritable mental disorder, and genome‐wide association studies have identified the association between deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and SZ. Previous study has shown a lowered expression of DCC in the cerebral cortex of SZ patient. In this study, we identified novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DCC statistically correlated with SZ. Based on these, we generated DCC conditional knockout (CKO) mice and explored behavioral phenotypes in these mice. We observed that deletion of DCC in cortical layer VI but not layer V led to deficits in fear and spatial memory, as well as defective sensorimotor gating revealed by the prepulse inhibition test (PPI). Critically, the defective sensorimotor gating could be restored by olanzapine, an antipsychotic drug. Furthermore, we found that the levels of p‐AKT and p‐GSK3α/β were decreased, which was responsible for impaired PPI in the DCC‐deficient mice. Finally, the DCC‐deficient mice also displayed reduced spine density of pyramidal neurons and disturbed delta‐oscillations. Our data, for the first time, identified and explored downstream substrates and signaling pathway of DCC which supports the hypothesis that DCC is a SZ‐related risky gene and when defective, may promote SZ‐like pathogenesis and behavioral phenotypes in mice.
Translational modelling to predict human pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a Bruton's tyrosine kinase‐targeted protein degrader BGB‐16673
Authors: Wu Yue , Meibohm Bernd , Zhang Taichang , Hou Xinfeng , Wang Haitao , Sun Xiaona , Jiang Ming , Zhang Bo , Zhang Wenjing , Liu Ye , Jin Wei , Wang Fan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeBifunctional small molecule degraders, which link the target protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase, could lead to the efficient degradation of the target protein. BGB‐16673 is a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) degrader. A translational PK/PD modelling approach was used to predict the human BTK degradation of BGB‐16673 from preclinical in vitro and in vivo data.Experimental ApproachA simplified mechanistic PK/PD model was used to establish the correlation between the in vitro and in vivo BTK degradation by BGB‐16673 in a mouse model. Human and mouse species differences were compared using the parameters generated from in vitro human or mouse blood, and human or mouse serum spiked TMD‐8 cells. Human PD was then predicted using the simplified mechanistic PK/PD model.Key ResultsBGB‐16673 showed potent BTK degradation in mouse whole blood, human whole blood, and TMD‐8 tumour cells in vitro. Furthermore, BGB‐16673 showed BTK degradation in a murine TMD‐8 xenograft model in vivo. The PK/PD model predicted human PD and the observed BTK degradation in clinical studies both showed robust BTK degradation in blood and tumour at clinical dose range.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe presented simplified mechanistic model with reduced number of model parameters is practically easier to be applied to research projects compared with the full mechanistic model. It can be used as a tool to better understand the PK/PD behaviour for targeted protein degraders and increase the confidence when moving to the clinical stage.
Arctigenin Modulates Adipogenic‐Osteogenic Balance in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment of Ovariectomized Rats via the MEK1/PPARγ/Wnt/β‐Catenin Pathway
Authors: Li Hongbo , Liao Xingen , Lan Min , He Jianying , Gao Jingping , Fan Zhiqiang , Huang Jiayu , Wu Xin , Chen Jiaxin , Sun Guicai 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTArctigenin (Ar) is a promising therapeutic candidate for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). This study explores its mechanism by examining its effects on adipogenesis and osteogenesis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In vitro, Ar effectively suppressed the adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from OVX rats, reducing lipid droplet formation and downregulating proteins associated with lipid synthesis. In vivo, Ar treatment significantly reduced bone loss, inhibited adipocyte development, improved lipid metabolism, and promoted bone formation in OVX rats. Mechanistically, Ar inhibited the phosphorylation of Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase 1 (MEK1), downregulated Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ), promoted the accumulation of β‐catenin in the nucleus, and prevented the direct binding of PPARγ to β‐catenin in BMSCs. This regulation of the PPARγ/Wnt signaling axis underlies its dual role in inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting osteogenesis. Notably, co‐treatment with rosiglitazone (RGZ) reversed the effects of Ar on adipogenesis and osteogenesis without affecting MEK1 inhibition. These findings offer valuable insights into arctigenin's potential as a therapeutic strategy for PMOP by modulating MEK1 signaling and regulating the PPARγ/Wnt axis.
Representations of ‘risky’ drinking during pregnancy on Mumsnet: A discourse analysis
Authors: Schölin Lisa , Arkell Rachel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionOnline forums provide an environment for peer discussions to anonymously share experiences about sensitive topics. In this article we explore discussions about alcohol use during pregnancy, including representations of ‘appropriate’ behaviour and risks, in relation to alcohol use.MethodsWe sampled Mumsnet posts from 2016 to 2021 and analysed these using a two‐staged approach: describing the content of original posts and employing discourse analysis on the entire thread which focused on unpacking the significance, activity and identity within the discourse.ResultsSeventy‐three threads with 1554 replies analysed. Users engaged with different sources of evidence and mentioned guidelines and scientific sources, though most commonly provided, requested and appreciated anecdotal information. Risk was discussed in several ways but all users engaged with ‘othering’ drinking they perceived as risky. Only a few prescribed risks to any and all levels of drinking. There was a lack of knowledge around drinking while trying to conceive and early pregnancy. Expectations and norms of behaviour during pregnancy engaged in a ‘good motherhood’ discourse. Users positioned their drinking according to perceived norms through language choices; when not pregnant (or unknowingly pregnant) being ‘plastered’ was justified but when pregnant drinking only ‘sips’ or ‘tiny’ quantities of alcohol was considered appropriate.Discussion and ConclusionsForum users demonstrated a desire to adhere to ‘responsible motherhood’, which did not equate to abstinence if consumption was perceived as acceptable and justified. Future research should explore information needs and effective approaches to health communication for pregnant women or those planning pregnancy.