bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
John’s Equation-based Consistency Condition and Corrupted Projection Restoration in Circular Trajectory Cone Beam CT
Authors: Ma Jianhui , Wu Shuyu , Qi Hongliang , Li Bin , Yan Hao , Zhou Linghong , Xu Yuan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn transmitted X-ray tomography imaging, the acquired projections may be corrupted for various reasons, such as defective detector cells and beam-stop array scatter correction problems. In this study, we derive a consistency condition for cone-beam projections and propose a method to restore lost data in corrupted projections. In particular, the relationship of the geometry parameters in circular trajectory cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is utilized to convert an ultra-hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) into a second-order PDE. The second-order PDE is then transformed into a first-order ordinary differential equation in the frequency domain. The left side of the equation for the newly derived consistency condition is the projection derivative of the current and adjacent views, whereas the right side is the projection derivative of the geometry parameters. A projection restoration method is established based on the newly derived equation to restore corrupted data in projections in circular trajectory CBCT. The proposed method is tested in beam-stop array scatter correction, metal artifact reduction, and abnormal pixel correction cases to evaluate the performance of the consistency condition and corrupted projection restoration method. Qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that the present method has considerable potential in restoring lost data in corrupted projections.
The integrated pathway of TGFβ/Snail with TNFα/NFκB may facilitate the tumor-stroma interaction in the EMT process and colorectal cancer prognosis
Authors: Li Hui , Zhong Anjing , Li Si , Meng Xianwen , Wang Xue , Xu Fangying , Lai Maode 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSubstantial evidence has shown that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays critical roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and prognosis. To uncover the pivotal regulators that function in the cooperative interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment and consequently affect the EMT process, we carried out a systematic analysis and evaluated prognosis in CRC specimens. Tumor buds and their surrounding stroma were captured using laser microdissection. We used gene expression profiling, bioinformatics analysis and regulatory network construction for molecular selection. The clinical significance of potential biomarkers was investigated. We identified potential EMT biomarkers, including BGN, MMP1, LGALS1, SERPINB5, and TM4SF4, all of which participated in the integrated pathway of TGFβ/Snail with TNFα/NFκB. We also found that BGN, MMP1, LGALS1, SERPINB5 and TM4SF4 were related to CRC patient prognosis. Patients with higher expression of these individual potential biomarkers had poorer prognosis. Among the identified biomarkers, BGN and TM4SF4 are reported, for the first time, to probably be involved in the EMT process and to predict CRC prognosis. Our results strongly suggest that the integrated pathway of TGFβ/Snail with TNFα/NFκB may be the principal axis that links cancer cells to their microenvironment during the EMT process and results in poor prognosis in CRC patients.
Biochemical properties of GH94 cellodextrin phosphorylase THA_1941 from a thermophilic eubacterium Thermosipho africanus TCF52B with cellobiose phosphorylase activity
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Mao Guotao , Fan Haiyan , Song Andong , Zhang Yi-Heng Percival , Chen Hongge 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA hypothetic gene (THA_1941) encoding a putative cellobiose phosphorylase (CBP) from Thermosipho africanus TCF52B has very low amino acid identities (less than 12%) to all known GH94 enzymes. This gene was cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant protein was hypothesized to be a CBP enzyme and it showed an optimum temperature of 75 °C and an optimum pH of 7.5. Beyond its CBP activity, this enzyme can use cellobiose and long-chain cellodextrins with a degree of polymerization of greater than two as a glucose acceptor, releasing phosphate from glucose 1-phosphate. The catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) indicated that cellotetraose and cellopentaose were the best substrates for the phosphorolytic and reverse synthetic reactions, respectively. These results suggested that this enzyme was the first enzyme having both cellodextrin and cellobiose phosphorylases activities. Because it preferred cellobiose and cellodextrins to glucose in the synthetic direction, it was categorized as a cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP). Due to its unique ability of the reverse synthetic reaction, this enzyme could be a potential catalyst for the synthesis of various oligosaccharides. The speculative function of this CDP in the carbohydrate metabolism of T. africanus TCF52B was also discussed.
Effects of a Conversation-Based Intervention on the Linguistic Skills of Children With Motor Speech Disorders Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Soto Gloria , Clarke Michael T. 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a conversation-based intervention on the expressive vocabulary and grammatical skills of children with severe motor speech disorders and expressive language delay who use augmentative and alternative communication.MethodEight children aged from 8 to 13 years participated in the study. After a baseline period, a conversation-based intervention was provided for each participant, in which they were supported to learn and use linguistic structures essential for the formation of clauses and the grammaticalization of their utterances, such as pronouns, verbs, and bound morphemes, in the context of personally meaningful and scaffolded conversations with trained clinicians. The conversations were videotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using the Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT; Miller & Chapman, 1991).ResultsResults indicate that participants showed improvements in their use of spontaneous clauses, and a greater use of pronouns, verbs, and bound morphemes. These improvements were sustained and generalized to conversations with familiar partners.ConclusionThe results demonstrate the positive effects of the conversation-based intervention for improving the expressive vocabulary and grammatical skills of children with severe motor speech disorders and expressive language delay who use augmentative and alternative communication. Clinical and theoretical implications of conversation-based interventions are discussed and future research needs are identified.Supplemental Materialshttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5150113
Rates of Upper Facet Joint Violation in Minimally Invasive Percutaneous and Open Instrumentation: A Comparative Cohort Study of Different Insertion Techniques
Authors: Amr Nimer , Kantelhardt Sven , Giese Alf , Archavlis Eleftherios 
Published: July 2017

Background Minimally invasive pedicle screw placement may have a higher incidence of violation of the superior cephalad unfused facet joint.
Study Aims We investigated the incidence and risk factors of upper facet joint violation in percutaneous robot-assisted instrumentation versus percutaneous fluoroscopy-guided and open transpedicular instrumentation.
Methods A retrospective study including all consecutive patients who underwent lumbar instrumentation, fusion, and decompression for spondylolisthetic stenosis and degenerative disk disease was conducted between January 2012 and January 2016. All operations were performed by the same surgeon; the patients were divided into three groups according to the method of instrumentation. Group 1 involved the robot-assisted instrumentation in 58 patients, group 2 consisted of 64 patients treated with a percutaneous transpedicular instrumentation using fluoroscopic guidance, and 72 patients in group 3 received an open midline approach for pedicle screw insertion.
Results Superior segment facet joint violation occurred in 2 patients in the robot-assisted group 1 (7%), in 22 of the percutaneous fluoroscopy-guided group 2 (34%), and in 6 cases of the open group (8%). The incidence of facet joint violation was present in 5% (3) of the screws in group 1, 22% (28) of the screws in group 2, and 3% (4) of the screws in group 3.
Conclusion Meticulous surgical planning of the appropriate entry site (Weinstein's method), trajectory planning, and proper robot-assisted instrumentation of pedicle screws reduced the risk of superior segment facet joint violation.
Akutes Koronarsyndrom in der Praxis – Was sollte der Hausarzt tun?
Authors: Stadler Stefan , Endemann Dierk , Maier Lars 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction is the second most common cause of mortality in Germany after chronic ischemic cardiac disease. It is essential to think of acute coronary syndrome also in patients who do not present with typical signs (pressure, tightness, pain, or a squeezing or aching sensation in the chest or arms that may spread to the neck, jaw or back) in the general practitioner’s practice. Vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation) must be measured; an ECG should be recorded and analyzed within ten minutes of first medical contact. The patient should be sedated, head and shoulders should be supported and an intravenous access should be established. Emergency medication that should be administered in practice is acetylsalicylic acid, an ADP receptor antagonist, morphine, nitrates, low molecular weight heparin and where necessary tranquilizers and oxygen (if peripheral saturation is below 90%). Monitored transport to the nearest clinic with percutaneous coronary intervention standby must be organized and this clinic must be informed about the arriving patient.
Verordnung von Benzodiazepinen und Z-Drugs in hausärztlichen Praxen – eine Querschnittanalyse
Authors: Moßhammer Dirk , Haumann Hannah , Muche Rainer , Scheub David , Joos Stefanie , Laux Gunter 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Benzodiazepine (BZ) und Nicht-Benzodiazepin-Agonisten (NBZ, so genannte Z-Drugs) werden überwiegend von Hausärzten verordnet. Genauere Daten über den hausärztlichen Bereich liegen nicht vor. Ziel war es, hausärztliche Daten zu Kollektiv, Menge von BZ-/NBZ-Verordnungen und Anteil von Privatrezepten zu analysieren.
Methoden Analyse von Personenjahren 2-jähriger Intervalle von 2009 bis 2014 des CONTENT-Registers mit 31 Hausarztpraxen. Einteilung von BZ/NBZ-Verordnungen nach Risikogruppen. Berechnung des Assoziationsausmaßes mit potenziellen Einflussgrößen auf Basis eines multiplen logistischen Regressionsmodells (adjustiert nach Alter, Geschlecht und Versicherungsart). Vergleich von Patienten mit Arzneimittelverordnungen mit und ohne BZ-/NBZ-Verordnungen.
Ergebnisse Rund 5% erhielten in einem Jahr BZ/NBZ verordnet. Diese Patienten waren im Mittel älter (67,5 bzw. 48 Jahre) und der Frauenanteil war höher als in der Vergleichsgruppe (69 bzw. 58%). Etwa ein Drittel dieser Patienten erhielt im Personenjahr mehr als 600 mg Diazepam-Äquivalenzdosis (entsprechend einer 2-monatigen täglichen Einnahme von mehr als 10 mg Diazepam). Rund ein Drittel der Rezepte waren Privatrezepte. Eine Reihe von Variablen war signifikant assoziiert mit der Verschreibung von BZ/NBZ (z. B. Alter, Geschlecht, Diagnosekodierungen, Praxen).
Schlußfolgerung Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse liefern wertvolle Informationen über die Verschreibungshäufigkeit von BZ/NBZ im hausärztlichen Bereich. Für Aus-, Weiter- und Fortbildung sowie bei der Entwicklung von Interventionen zur Reduktion von BZ/NBZ sollten patientenbezogene Spezifika (z. B. Geschlecht, Alter, Vorerkrankungen, Versicherungsart) und unterschiedliche Verschreibungspraktiken (z. B. Privatrezepte, Grund und Häufigkeit der Verordnungen, Orientierung an Leitlinien) berücksichtigt werden.
Unterschiedliche Subtypen von pathologischen Glücksspielerinnen und Glücksspielern: Empirische Befunde aus dem ambulanten Suchthilfesystem
Authors: Hayer Tobias , Brosowski Tim , Meyer Gerhard , Prkno Maria 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungTheoretische Überlegungen und empirische Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass pathologische Glücksspielerinnen und Glücksspieler keine homogene Gruppe darstellen. Mit der Pfadtypologie liegt ein biopsychosozialer Erklärungsansatz vor, der in Abhängigkeit von den jeweils vorherrschenden Einflussfaktoren in diesem Zusammenhang insgesamt 3 Subtypen voneinander abgrenzt. Hauptintention der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es, die Kernaussagen dieser Taxonomie erstmals für den deutschen Sprachraum zu überprüfen und mithilfe von externen Normwerten flankierend zu hinterfragen, ob ein komorbid weitgehend unbelasteter Subtyp von Problemspielerinnen bzw. Problemspielern tatsächlich existiert. Zur Stichprobe zählen insgesamt N=146 Glücksspielerinnen und Glücksspieler aus dem ambulanten Suchthilfesystem. Die Datenerhebung zu den psychosozialen Auffälligkeiten erfolgte mittels standardisierter Messinstrumente. Clusteranalytische Verfahren bestätigen theoriekonform das Vorliegen von 3 distinkten Subtypen mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Pathologiegraden: Während Cluster 3 als genuin hochbelastet gilt, erinnert Cluster 2 im Wesentlichen an einen emotional anfälligen Subtyp. Individuen des ersten Clusters weisen zwar bei stichprobeninternen Vergleichen die geringsten psychosozialen Auffälligkeiten auf, zeigen aber unter Berücksichtigung externer Normen ebenfalls einige psychopathologische Besonderheiten. Entsprechend kann von einem komorbid weitgehend unbelasteten Spielertyp zumindest in der klinischen Versorgungspraxis nicht die Rede sein. Darüber hinaus verweisen die Befunde auf die Notwendigkeit, passgenaue, individuell zugeschnittene Beratungs- und Behandlungsangebote zu schalten.
New perspective on spring vegetation phenology and global climate change based on Tibetan Plateau tree-ring data
Authors: Yang Bao , He Minhui , Shishov Vladimir , Tychkov Ivan , Vaganov Eugene , Rossi Sergio , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Bräuning Achim , Grießinger Jussi 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Inconsistent results regarding the rate of change in spring phenology and its relation to climatic drivers on the Tibetan Plateau have been obtained in the past. We introduce and describe here an innovative approach based on tree-ring data, which converts daily weather data into indices of the start (and end) of the growing season. This method provides a unique long-term record of vegetation phenological variability over the period 1960–2014. This approach could further be extended to other forested regions of the world. Scaling up the analysis would provide additional information on phenological responses of terrestrial ecosystems to the ongoing climate change across the Northern Hemisphere.
Trust is heritable, whereas distrust is not
Authors: Reimann Martin , Schilke Oliver , Cook Karen S. 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceSocial scientists have devoted much attention to studying the sources and consequences of the disposition to trust but have only recently begun to investigate the disposition to distrust. An increasing consensus is emerging that distrust is not merely the opposite of trust. This article provides initial empirical evidence indicating that the sources of the dispositions to trust and distrust indeed do differ in important ways. Notably, although both trust and distrust are strongly influenced by the individual’s unique environment, interestingly, trust shows significant genetic influences, whereas distrust does not. Rather, distrust appears to be primarily socialized, including influences within the family. These findings provide new support for the bidimensionality of trust and distrust by demonstrating their distinct antecedents.
Toll-like receptor pathway evolution in deuterostomes
Authors: Tassia Michael G. , Whelan Nathan V. , Halanych Kenneth M. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Innate immunity provides critical defense against pathogen invasion, and mutations in its cellular mechanisms have been implicated in autoimmunity, immune suppression, and other disease-producing conditions. However, knowledge of innate immunity pathways is largely biased toward model species. Thus, evolutionary interpretations suffer from large taxonomic gaps that ultimately weaken the strength of evolutionary inference. Our phylogenetic approach shows that the molecular machinery of the canonical TLR pathway was present in the last deuterostome ancestor before the rise of chordate lineages. Thus, TLR pathways with multiple gene–gene interactions have been conserved for more than 500 million years within vertebrates. Moreover, we provide evidence suggesting TLR3 may represent an ancient, evolutionarily conserved molecular interface for viral immune stimulation present across Deuterostomia.
G9a drives hypoxia-mediated gene repression for breast cancer cell survival and tumorigenesis
Authors: Casciello Francesco , Al-Ejeh Fares , Kelly Greg , Brennan Donal J. , Ngiow Shin Foong , Young Arabella , Stoll Thomas , Windloch Karolina , Hill Michelle M. , Smyth Mark J. , Gannon Frank , Lee Jason S. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
The hypoxic microenvironment in solid tumors is known to increase the aggressiveness of cancer cells by enhancing proliferative and metastatic potential and reduces the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy. Previous studies have shown that G9a protein accumulates in hypoxic conditions. However, neither a detailed molecular mechanism nor its functional role has been elucidated so far. This study investigates the role G9a plays in gene expression in hypoxic conditions and its impact on tumor growth. G9a inhibition studies and the metaanalysis of G9a-suppressed gene signature using several breast cancer gene expression databases revealed that G9a is a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Δ20 IFITM2 differentially restricts X4 and R5 HIV-1
Authors: Wu Wan-Lin , Grotefend Christopher Robert , Tsai Ming-Ting , Wang Yi-Ling , Radic Vladimir , Eoh Hyungjin , Huang I-Chueh 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Innate immunity plays an important role in control of viral infection. IFN-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins have been shown to inhibit several important human viruses. We identified an isoform of IFITM2, Δ20 IFITM2, which is highly expressed in innate and adaptive immune cells. Functionally, Δ20 IFITM2 preferentially suppresses infection of CXCR4 (X4)-tropic, but not CCR5 (R5)-tropic, HIV-1 and may contribute to restricting transmission of X4 viruses in the acute phase of HIV-1 infection. Our studies also revealed a role of CCR5 in HIV-1 infection. The C-terminal region of CCR5 is critical to the resistance of R5 viruses to Δ20 IFITM2-mediated restriction. Understanding the mechanism by which Δ20 IFITM2 restricts X4, but not R5, viruses may inspire novel approaches to treat HIV-1 diseases.
Green mamba peptide targets type-2 vasopressin receptor against polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Ciolek Justyna , Reinfrank Helen , Quinton Loïc , Viengchareun Say , Stura Enrico A. , Vera Laura , Sigismeau Sabrina , Mouillac Bernard , Orcel Hélène , Peigneur Steve , Tytgat Jan , Droctové Laura , Beau Fabrice , Nevoux Jerome , Lombès Marc , Mourier Gilles , De Pauw Edwin , Servent Denis , Mendre Christiane , Witzgall Ralph , Gilles Nicolas 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Polycystic kidney diseases (PKDs) are genetic disorders in which multiple cysts grow in kidneys, leading to end-stage renal failure. Vasopressin antagonists (vaptans) currently used to treat PKDs have side effects due to liver toxicity. We report the characterization of Mambaquaretin-1, a Kunitz-fold polypeptide isolated from mamba venom that selectively and fully inhibits three major signaling pathways of the vasopressin type-2 receptor. Mambaquaretin-1 induces a purely aquaretic effect on mice and reduces cyst development in a mouse model. We produced mambaquaretin-1 by peptide synthesis and determined its X-ray structure, its binding mode, and functional properties. With high selectivity and without toxic metabolic byproducts associated with its peptidic nature, mambaquaretin-1 could become the preferential treatment for these disorders.
Synthesis of asymmetrical multiantennary human milk oligosaccharides
Authors: Prudden Anthony R. , Liu Lin , Capicciotti Chantelle J. , Wolfert Margreet A. , Wang Shuo , Gao Zhongwei , Meng Lu , Moremen Kelley W. , Boons Geert-Jan 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Human breast milk is rich in a family of structurally diverse unconjugated glycans. These human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) can shape the intestinal microbiome, serve as soluble decoys for receptors of pathogens, and have immune-modulatory properties. Virtually nothing is known about the importance of the molecular complexity of HMOs for binding and biological activity, which hampers exploitation of their biomedical potential. We have developed a synthetic approach that can provide highly complex, asymmetrical, multiantennary HMOs. These compounds have been used in the development of a glycan microarray, which makes it possible to examine the biology of individual compounds. Binding studies with the array uncovered that the complex architecture of HMOs greatly affects protein–glycan binding.
Reconstruction and evolutionary history of eutherian chromosomes
Authors: Kim Jaebum , Farré Marta , Auvil Loretta , Capitanu Boris , Larkin Denis M. , Ma Jian , Lewin Harris A. 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceDetermining the order and orientation of conserved chromosome segments in the genomes of extant mammals is important for understanding speciation events, and the lineage-specific adaptations that have occurred during ∼200 My of mammalian evolution. In this paper, we describe the computational reconstruction of chromosome organization for seven ancestral genomes leading to human, including the ancestor of all placental mammals. The evolutionary history of chromosome rearrangements that occurred from the time of the eutherian ancestor until the human lineage is revealed in detail. Our results provide an evolutionary basis for comparison of genome organization of all eutherians, and for revealing the genomic origins of lineage-specific adaptations.
The role of jet and film drops in controlling the mixing state of submicron sea spray aerosol particles
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Deane Grant B. , Moore Kathryn A. , Ryder Olivia S. , Stokes M. Dale , Beall Charlotte M. , Collins Douglas B. , Santander Mitchell V. , Burrows Susannah M. , Sultana Camille M. , Prather Kimberly A. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Submicrometer sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles play a critical role in determining cloud properties in marine environments. Typically, it is assumed that submicrometer SSA particles mainly originate from bubble-cap films bursting at the sea surface. However, we show that in addition to this formation pathway, a substantial fraction of submicrometer SSA particles are also produced from jet drops. Using an experimental approach that relies on differences in the electrical mobility of jet and film drops, we show that jet drops contribute up to 43% of total submicrometer SSA number concentrations. As shown herein, these two different production pathways result in an externally mixed submicrometer SSA population with two distinct chemical compositions with significantly different ice nucleating activities.