bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia—Exemplary Management in Poland: Fetoscopic Endotracheal Occlusion
Authors: Wielgos Miroslaw , Kosinski Przemyslaw 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a developmental closure defect resulting in discontinuity of the diaphragm. Abdominal viscera herniate into the chest leading to mediastinal shift and lung compression. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs in approximately 1 in 4,000 live births. Vast majority of cases is on the left side of the diaphragm. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is also associated with severe pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Approximately 50 to 70% of cases of CDH are isolated, but may also be associated with rare and severe genetic syndromes. It is one of the most severe birth defects with extremely high neonatal mortality and morbidity. Prognosis is worse in cases of an abnormal chromosomal microarray, severe associated anomalies, right-sided defect, liver herniation, and lower fetal lung volume. In some countries, fetoscopic endotracheal occlusion (FETO) for severe CDH is offered to selected group of patients. Since 2014, this procedure is also available in Poland in the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Medical University of Warsaw. This article reviews management in diaphragmatic hernia and presents protocol implemented in our center.

How to cite this article
Wielgos M, Kosinski P. Severe Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia—Exemplary Management in Poland: Fetoscopic Endotracheal Occlusion. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(2):178-179.
A Fetoscopic Approach for Antenatal Correction of Open Spina Bifida
Authors: AM de Sá Renato , Acacio Gregório L , AL Pedreira Denise 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Since the advent of fetoscopy, a paradigm shift toward minimally invasive options for antenatal open spina bifida (OSB) correction has been witnessed, resulting in rapid technological innovations and improved outcomes for both the mother and fetus. A history of the minimally invasive surgical management of OSB is presented, with a focus on a novel Brazilian fetoscopic approach.

How to cite this article
de Sá RAM, Acacio GL, Pedreira DAL. A Fetoscopic Approach for Antenatal Correction of Open Spina Bifida. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(2):189-192.
Rod Function in Diabetic Patients without and with Early Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Longhin Evelyn , Tormene Alma P. , Olivato Elena , Convento Enrica , Vujosevic Stela , Pilotto Elisabetta , Kotsafti Olympia , Midena Edoardo 
Published: May 2016

Purpose To compare rod function among diabetic patients without and with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) and healthy controls by means of scotopic microperimetry and dark-adapted electroretinography. Methods Sixty-one diabetic patients and 30 age-matched controls (control group) underwent complete ophthalmic examination, scotopic microperimetry, and dark-adapted 0.01 electroretinography (DA-ERG). Results In 32 eyes, DR was absent (no-DR group); in 29 eyes, only microaneurysms were observed (DR group). No statistically significant differences in fixation stability, fixation location, or scotopic sensitivity among the 3 groups were observed. Implicit time and amplitude of the DA-ERG b-wave of no-DR and DR groups were not different from controls. Scotopic microperimetry showed a dense scotoma centered onto the fovea in all subjects, consistent with the rod-free zone. Greater scotopic sensitivity was found in a ring located 8° from the fovea (9.33 ± 1.33 dB). Conclusions Diabetic patients without DR and with mild nonproliferative DR did not show alterations in rod-based function, as examined by microperimetry and confirmed by DA-ERG. Scotopic microperimetry measures rod-based function and offers additional information in the evaluation of the aspects of involvement of retinal cells in diabetes.
Prediction of the Development of Late Enophthalmos in Pure Blowout Fractures: Delayed Orbital Tissue Atrophy Plays a Major Role
Authors: Kim Sue Min , Jeong Yeon Seong , Lee Jae , Park Myong Chul , Park Dong Ha 
Published: May 2016

Purpose To retrospectively evaluate the risk factors for the development of late enophthalmos in pure blowout fractures. Methods We reviewed 49 cases of pure blowout fractures diagnosed in Ajou University Hospital, South Korea, from January 2005 to June 2015. We assumed that several factors influence the development of late enophthalmos, including bony defect size, volume of displaced soft tissue, number of fracture sites, involvement of floor, soft tissue incarceration through the bony defect, and patient age. Results Twenty-one patients were diagnosed with late enophthalmos (group 1) while 28 patients were not (group 2). Soft tissue incarceration, presumably causing the soft tissue injury, was the only factor that increased the risk for late enophthalmos in this study (p = 0.04, odds ratio 4.5). In contrast with previous studies, there were no meaningful correlation between bony defect size or volume of displaced soft tissue and development of late enophthalmos. Number of fracture sites, involvement of floor, and patient age did not increase the risk for late enophthalmos. Conclusions We suggest that the delayed orbital tissue atrophy due to soft tissue injury plays a more important role than other hypotheses in the development of late enophthalmos. It is necessary to overcorrect to some extent if there is soft tissue incarceration through the bony defect in the initial computed tomography, and clinicians should warn patients about the development of late enophthalmos despite orbital reconstructive surgery.
Anterior Lamina Cribrosa Surface Position in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Glaucoma
Authors: Villarruel Jenni M. , Li Xiao Q. , Bach-Holm Daniella , Hamann Steffen 
Published: May 2016

Purpose To compare the anterior lamina cribrosa (LC) surface position in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), primary open-angle glaucoma (high-tension glaucoma [HTG] and normal-tension glaucoma [NTG]), and healthy controls using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Methods This was a retrospective, cross-sectional observational study of 11 eyes with IIH, 20 eyes with HTG, 20 eyes with NTG, and 37 control eyes. Serial horizontal B-scans of the optic nerve head were obtained using EDI-OCT. The LC depth, defined as the distance from the Bruch membrane opening plane to the anterior LC surface, was manually measured on selected B-scans covering the central three-quarters of the optic nerve head in each eye. Results Mean LC depth in patients with IIH (325.2 ± 92.1 µm) was significantly (p<0.01) decreased compared to control subjects (387.8 ± 53.9 µm). In HTG, the mean LC depth (493.0 ± 115.2 µm) was significantly increased compared to NTG (376.6 ± 27.1 µm, p<0.05) and control subjects (332.7 ± 53.1 µm, p<0.001). The trans-LC pressure difference (TLPD) (intraocular pressure − cerebrospinal fluid pressure) was positively correlated with the LC depth (r = 0.96, p<0.001) and inversely correlated with visual field perimetric mean deviation in patients with IIH (r = -0.88, p<0.001). Conclusions The LC is positioned anteriorly in patients with IIH and posteriorly in glaucomatous eyes compared to normal controls. The positional changes of the LC could be a result of the TLPD between the intraocular and intracranial pressure compartments.
Impact of Introducing 2 Simple Technique Modifications on the Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Learning Curve
Authors: Arnalich-Montiel Francisco , Pérez-Sarriegui Ane , Casado Alfonso 
Published: May 2016

Purpose To analyze the impact of performing premarking of the Descemet roll and using SF6 20% on a surgeon's Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) learning process. Methods A total of 30 consecutive eyes with endothelial dysfunction undergoing DMEK during the learning curve of a surgeon were retrospectively analyzed. Prior to the study, the surgeon had already performed 10 DMEKs. The first 15 consecutive patients were included in group 1 (no premarking and air tamponade) and the other 15 consecutive patients were included in group 2 (premarking and SF6 tamponade). Main outcome parameters were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell density (ECD) loss at 6 months, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results Among the 2 groups, BCVA and ECD loss at 6 months were similar. However, there was a statistically significant reduction in primary graft failure (40% vs 0%) and need of rebubbling due to complete or partial graft detachment (40% vs 6%) when comparing group 1 versus group 2. In group 1, half of the patients needing rebubbling had primary graft failure. Conclusions Based on our personal experience, premarking the graft to assess orientation and using a SF6 gas tamponade dramatically reduces the risk of primary graft failure and the need for rebubbling even during the first stages of the learning curve. These findings should encourage surgeons to safely change from Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty to DMEK.
A Novel Hybrid Type (Custom-Made plus off-the-Shelf) Total Femoral PROSTALAC
Authors: Araç Süleyman Şükrü , Boya Hakan 
Published: May 2016

Introduction Treatment of periprosthetic joint infection following revision-Total Hip Arthroplasty is more problematic when there is poor bone quality and severe bone loss. Migration of revision prosthesis with a long stem to the knee joint in infected cases makes treatment more complex. In these cases, total femoral replacement is the only treatment option and eradication of infection is mandatory before the replacement. In 2-staged reconstruction treatment, there is a need for a PROSTALAC to replace the whole femur. Methods We describe here a novel hybrid type (custom-made plus off-the-shelf) total femoral PROSTALAC for cases in need of whole femoral bone and femoral component removal for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection in total hip arthroplasty. Result Both sides of the PROSTALAC have anatomical joint surfaces, so the articulation with the acetabulum proximally is expected to be more stable. The off-the-shelf anatomic joint surface of the PROSTALAC distally allows articulation compatible with a proximal tibial off-the-shelf spacer. Conclusions This simple hybrid-type total femoral PROSTALAC can be adjusted to femoral length, has anatomical joint surfaces that produce a more stable articulation, and can articulate with an off-the-shelf proximal tibial spacer.
Party Institutionalisation in the Czech Republic: Towards a New Measurement of the Theoretical Concept
Authors: Stauber Jakub 
Published: May 2016

The overall stability of the party system is usually studied on the basis of system-level aggregates such as electoral volatility or the effective number of political parties. Such an approach can be problematic, because it primarily measures just one dimension of stability, which is defined as the stability of electoral support. The article argues that this external dimension of stability should be further analysed in the context of the development of intra-party structures. The institutionalisation theory includes both dimensions, so it is capable of interpreting complex relations between them. Based on empirical data, the article systematically compares nine relevant political parties in the Czech Republic to better understand differences in the stabilisation of different types of party organisations in the context of party system changes in recent years.
On which timescales do gas transfer velocities control North Atlantic CO2 flux variability?
Authors: Couldrey Matthew P. , Oliver Kevin I. C. , Yool Andrew , Halloran Paul R. , Achterberg Eric P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe North Atlantic is an important basin for the global ocean's uptake of anthropogenic and natural carbon dioxide (CO2), but the mechanisms controlling this carbon flux are not fully understood. The air‐sea flux of CO2, F, is the product of a gas transfer velocity, k, the air‐sea CO2 concentration gradient, ΔpCO2, and the temperature‐ and salinity‐dependent solubility coefficient, α. k is difficult to constrain, representing the dominant uncertainty in F on short (instantaneous to interannual) timescales. Previous work shows that in the North Atlantic, ΔpCO2 and k both contribute significantly to interannual F variability but that k is unimportant for multidecadal variability. On some timescale between interannual and multidecadal, gas transfer velocity variability and its associated uncertainty become negligible. Here we quantify this critical timescale for the first time. Using an ocean model, we determine the importance of k, ΔpCO2, and α on a range of timescales. On interannual and shorter timescales, both ΔpCO2 and k are important controls on F. In contrast, pentadal to multidecadal North Atlantic flux variability is driven almost entirely by ΔpCO2; k contributes less than 25%. Finally, we explore how accurately one can estimate North Atlantic F without a knowledge of nonseasonal k variability, finding it possible for interannual and longer timescales. These findings suggest that continued efforts to better constrain gas transfer velocities are necessary to quantify interannual variability in the North Atlantic carbon sink. However, uncertainty in k variability is unlikely to limit the accuracy of estimates of longer‐term flux variability.
Exploring historical and future urban climate in the Earth System Modeling framework: 2. Impact of urban land use over the Continental United States
Authors: Li Dan , Malyshev Sergey , Shevliakova Elena 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUsing a newly developed urban canopy model (UCM) coupled to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) land model LM3 (LM3‐UCM), this study examines the urban land use impacts over the Continental United States (CONUS) under the present‐day climate and two future scenarios. Using natural (undisturbed) vegetation systems as references where no land use has occurred, the LM3‐UCM simulations show that the spatial pattern of summer (June, July, and August) temperature differences between urban and natural vegetation systems is primarily controlled by the spatial pattern of differences in evapotranspiration, which further depends on the spatial distribution of precipitation. The magnitude of temperature differences generally increases as the summer precipitation amount increases and then levels off when the total summer precipitation amount exceeds 400 mm, which is broadly consistent with previous studies but with significant variability. In winter (December, January, February), the magnitude of temperature differences is more controlled by the building heating than the precipitation amount. At high latitudes where snow is an important factor in radiative balance, the magnitude is also affected by a larger net shortwave radiation input for urban areas due to the lower albedo of cities. Although both urban and natural vegetation temperatures increase as the climate warms, their increasing rates are different and hence their differences change with time. It is found that the multidecadal trend of summer temperature difference is negligible. However, the winter temperature difference shows a strong negative trend, which is caused by reduced building heating requirements under a warming climate.
Analytical solution to transient Richards' equation with realistic water profiles for vertical infiltration and parameter estimation
Authors: Hayek Mohamed 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA general analytical model for one‐dimensional transient vertical infiltration is presented. The model is based on a combination of the Brooks and Corey soil water retention function and a generalized hydraulic conductivity function. This leads to power law diffusivity and convective term for which the exponents are functions of the inverse of the pore size distribution index. Accordingly, the proposed analytical solution covers many existing realistic models in the literature. The general form of the analytical solution is simple and it expresses implicitly the depth as function of water content and time. It can be used to model infiltration through semi‐infinite dry soils with prescribed water content or flux boundary conditions. Some mathematical expressions of practical importance are also derived. The general form solution is useful for comparison between models, validation of numerical solutions and for better understanding the effect of some hydraulic parameters. Based on the analytical expression, a complete inverse procedure which allows the estimation of the hydraulic parameters from water content measurements is presented.
Study of the spacecraft potential under active control and plasma density estimates during the MMS commissioning phase
Authors: Andriopoulou M. , Nakamura R. , Torkar K. , Baumjohann W. , Torbert R. B. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Dorelli J. , Burch J. L. , Russell C. T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEach spacecraft of the recently launched magnetospheric multiscale MMS mission is equipped with Active Spacecraft Potential Control (ASPOC) instruments, which control the spacecraft potential in order to reduce spacecraft charging effects. ASPOC typically reduces the spacecraft potential to a few volts. On several occasions during the commissioning phase of the mission, the ASPOC instruments were operating only on one spacecraft at a time. Taking advantage of such intervals, we derive photoelectron curves and also perform reconstructions of the uncontrolled spacecraft potential for the spacecraft with active control and estimate the electron plasma density during those periods. We also establish the criteria under which our methods can be applied.
Mortality from neurodegenerative diseases in a cohort of US flight attendants
Authors: Pinkerton Lynne E. , Hein Misty J. , Grajewski Barbara , Kamel Freya 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundConcern exists about the potential chronic neurological effects among aircrew of exposure to chemical contaminants from engine oil in aircraft cabin air. We evaluated mortality from neurodegenerative diseases among 11,311 former US flight attendants.MethodsVital status was ascertained through 2007, and life table analyses were conducted to obtain standardized mortality ratios (SMRs).ResultsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mortality was over twice as high in the cohort as in the US general population, based on nine observed ALS deaths. There was no clear pattern in risk when SMRs for ALS were stratified by exposure duration. Mortality from other neurodegenerative diseases was not elevated.ConclusionsOur findings are limited due to small numbers of observed deaths and reliance on mortality data, but suggest that flight attendants may have an increased risk of ALS. Additional research is needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:532–537, 2016. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Long‐term self‐reported exposure to occupational noise is associated with BMI‐defined obesity in the US general population
Authors: Dzhambov Angel Mario , Dimitrova Donka Dimitrova 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundEvidence is emerging about the risk of obesity associated with traffic noise. The present study aimed to explore the association between self‐reported occupational noise exposure and body mass index (BMI)‐defined obesity in the US general population.MethodsThis study is based on the 2014 National Health Interview Survey. Information regarding self‐reported occupational lifetime noise exposure was linked to self‐reported BMI, adjusting for other covariates.ResultsThe multivariate models yielded OR = 1.46 (95% CI: 1.27, 1.68) for obesity, and 0.97 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.57, 1.36) higher BMI among participants exposed to high level of noise for ≥15 years, in comparison to never exposed participants. Moderation analysis revealed that among those less than 55 years of age noise had significantly stronger adverse effect. Those without cancer and diabetes also experienced stronger adverse effect.ConclusionsSelf‐reported exposure to occupational noise was associated with increased odds of obesity and continuously measured BMI. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:1009–1019, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tuning the Hydrophilicity and Hydrophobicity of the Respective Cation and Anion: Reversible Phase Transfer of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Yao Wenhui , Wang Huiyong , Cui Guokai , Li Zhiyong , Zhu Anlian , Zhang Suojiang , Wang Jianji 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe separation and recycling of catalyst and cocatalyst from the products and solvents are of critical importance. In this work, a class of functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) were designed and synthesized, and by tuning the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of cation and anion, respectively, these ILs could reversibly transfer between water and organics triggered upon undergoing a temperature change. From a combination of multiple spectroscopic techniques, it was shown that the driving force behind the transfer was originated from a change in conformation of the PEG chain of the IL upon temperature variation. By utilizing the novel property of this class of ILs, a highly efficient and controllable CuI‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction was achieved wherein the IL was used to entrain, activate, and recycle the catalyst, as well as to control the reaction.
An Organometallic Compound which Exhibits a DNA Topology‐Dependent One‐Stranded Intercalation Mode
Authors: Ma Zhujun , Palermo Giulia , Adhireksan Zenita , Murray Benjamin S. , von Erlach Thibaud , Dyson Paul J. , Rothlisberger Ursula , Davey Curt A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how small molecules interact with DNA is essential since it underlies a multitude of pathological conditions and therapeutic interventions. Many different intercalator compounds have been studied because of their activity as mutagens or drugs, but little is known regarding their interaction with nucleosomes, the protein‐packaged form of DNA in cells. Here, using crystallographic methods and molecular dynamics simulations, we discovered that adducts formed by [(η6‐THA)Ru(ethylenediamine)Cl][PF6] (THA=5,8,9,10‐tetrahydroanthracene; RAED‐THA‐Cl[PF6]) in the nucleosome comprise a novel one‐stranded intercalation and DNA distortion mode. Conversely, the THA group in fact remains solvent exposed and does not disrupt base stacking in RAED‐THA adducts on B‐form DNA. This newly observed DNA binding mode and topology dependence may actually be prevalent and should be considered when studying covalently binding intercalating compounds.
A Three‐Site Mechanism for Agonist/Antagonist Selective Binding to Vasopressin Receptors
Authors: Saleh Noureldin , Saladino Giorgio , Gervasio Francesco L. , Haensele Elke , Banting Lee , Whitley David C. , Sopkova‐de Oliveira Santos Jana , Bureau Ronan , Clark Timothy 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMolecular‐dynamics simulations with metadynamics enhanced sampling reveal three distinct binding sites for arginine vasopressin (AVP) within its V2‐receptor (V2R). Two of these, the vestibule and intermediate sites, block (antagonize) the receptor, and the third is the orthosteric activation (agonist) site. The contacts found for the orthosteric site satisfy all the requirements deduced from mutagenesis experiments. Metadynamics simulations for V2R and its V1aR‐analog give an excellent correlation with experimental binding free energies by assuming that the most stable binding site in the simulations corresponds to the experimental binding free energy in each case. The resulting three‐site mechanism separates agonists from antagonists and explains subtype selectivity.