bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of passive smoking on birth weight in pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency living in Turkey: A case control study
Authors: Dincgez Burcu , Ozgen Gulten , Kartal Golcuk Esra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimAlthough vitamin D deficiency in smokers has a greater risk of low birth weight than vitamin D deficiency or smoking alone, there is no study searching birth weight in vitamin D deficient passive smokers. We evaluated the effect of vitamin D deficiency on birth weight in active and passive smokers. Additionally, we aimed to determine the predictive role of vitamin D for low birth weight in smokers.MethodsThe study was designed as a retrospective case control study. A total of 210 participants were divided into three groups: active smoking (n = 34), passive smoking (n = 79), and non‐smokers (n = 97). Then passive smokers were divided into two subgroups as vitamin D ≥ 20 ng/mL (n = 23) and vitamin D < 20 ng/mL (n = 56). Sociodemographic, laboratory, and perinatal characteristics were recorded and compared between groups.ResultsBirth weight was higher in non‐smokers as compared to active (p < 0.001) and passive (p = 0.001) smokers, and also in passive than active smokers (p = 0.023). In passive smokers, birth weight was lower in vitamin D < 20 ng/mL group (p < 0.001). Vitamin D were correlated with birth weight in all smokers (r = 0.653, p < 0.001), passive (r = 0.624, p < 0.001) and active smokers (r = 0.526, p = 0.001). Vitamin D ≤ 14 ng/mL predicted low birth weight with 100% sensitivity and 53.92% specificity in smokers (area under curve [AUC] = 0.773, p < 0.001), with 100% sensitivity and 63.5% specificity in passive smokers (AUC = 0.759, p < 0.001) while vitamin D ≤ 11 ng/mL predicted with 83.33% sensitivity and 71.43% specificity in active smokers (AUC = 0.774, p = 0.008).ConclusionVitamin D deficiency in smokers is associated with low birth weight. Although vitamin D supplementation is not routinely recommended in pregnant women, we suggest that it could be an option in preventing low birth weight in smokers, even passive ones, who do not have adequate dietary intake and have insufficient exposure to daylight.
COVID‐19 experiences and family resilience: A latent class analysis
Authors: Chen Xuejiao , Yeung Wei‐Jun Jean 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study identifies subtypes of families with varying levels of economic and relational resilience during the pandemic and evaluates the factors associated with these subtypes in Singapore.BackgroundDespite mounting evidence on the detrimental impact of the pandemic on family well‐being, we examine how resources at different levels may enhance family resilience.MethodA sample of 2818 households was extracted from two waves of the Singapore Longitudinal Early Development Study (SG‐LEADS). Latent class analysis was conducted to classify subgroups of families. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to examine the association between the subgroup membership and multilevel factors including mother's self‐efficacy, family socioeconomic status, quality of family time, mother's work‐life conflict, partner cooperation, neighborhood environment, and government and community support.ResultsWe identified six distinct groups of families: “economically and relationally fragile” (4%), “economically struggling but relationally improved” (11%), “economically struggling but relationally stable” (14%), “economically secure and relationally stable” (28%), “economically secure but relationally deteriorating” (11%) and “economically secure and relationally strengthened” (31%). Families with higher socioeconomic status tend to show economic resilience. Families with mothers exhibiting higher self‐efficacy and lower work‐life conflict, coupled with quality family time, better neighborhood, greater government and community support, are more relationally resilient.ConclusionThe study provides a nuanced picture of family dynamics under a global crisis, highlighting the multilevel resources that are correlated with family resilience.
Work organization in social enterprises: A source of job satisfaction?
Authors: Joutard Xavier , Petrella Francesca , Richez‐Battesti Nadine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMany studies suggest that employees of social enterprises experience greater job satisfaction than employees of for‐profit organizations, although their pay and employment contracts are usually less favorable. Based on linked employer–employee data from a French survey on employment characteristics and industrial relations and using a decomposition method developed by Gelbach (2016), this paper aims to explain this somewhat paradoxical result. Focusing on work organization variables, we show that the specific work organization of social enterprises explains a large part of the observed job satisfaction differential both in general and more specifically, in terms of satisfaction with access to training and working conditions. By detailing the components of work organization, the higher job satisfaction reported by employees in social enterprises stems from their greater autonomy and better access to information. In contrast to earlier studies, however, our results show that these work organization variables do not have more value for social enterprise employees than for for‐profit organization employees in the case of overall job satisfaction. This result casts doubt on the widespread hypothesis that social enterprise employees attach more weight to the nonmonetary advantages of their work than their counterparts in for‐profit organizations.
The elusive fiscal commons: Examining fiscal interaction among overlapping governments
Authors: Yang Lang K. , Yu Jinhai , Chen Xin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVertically overlapping governments share the same tax base, which may generate fiscal spillovers in tax, spending, or debt decisions. Various studies have tested the fiscal commons effect in this context, though the findings remain inconclusive. This paper uses a regression discontinuity design to address empirical challenges in fiscal spillover research. We focus on bond referendums of Texas cities, counties, school districts, and water districts and identify the effect of exogenous increases in debt and property taxes induced by successful bond measures. We find no evidence of spillovers for bond measures, election results, property taxes, or overall revenue, spending, and indebtedness. Successful bond measures do not affect the shared property tax base, which suggests that the benefit view of property tax may explain the lack of vertical spillover.
Digitalization and the green transition: Different challenges, same policy responses?
Authors: Busemeyer Marius R. , Stutzmann Sophia , Tober Tobias 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHow do citizens perceive labor market risks related to digitalization and the green transition, and how do these risk perceptions translate into preferences for social policies? We address these questions in this paper by studying the policy preferences of individual workers on how governments should deal with the two labor market challenges of digitalization and the green transition. Employing novel cross‐country comparative survey data including a vignette experiment for six advanced postindustrial economies, we probe to what extent the different labor market challenges are associated with differences in preferences, distinguishing between support for social investment policies on the one hand and compensatory policies on the other. A first finding is that even though individuals perceive different levels of labor market risk due to the green transition and digitalization, their preferences for social policy responses do not differ systematically across the two risks. Instead, we find that social policy preferences are affected by individual‐level and, to some extent, country‐level contextual factors. Confirming previous work, higher perceived labor market risk is associated with more support for compensatory policies but less support for social investment.
Of poultry and the good farmer: Skilled role performance in antimicrobial use on poultry farms in Sweden, France and Vietnam
Authors: Sutherland Lee‐Ann , Bâtie Chloé , Gröndal Hedvig , Rousset Nathalie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article, we advance the good farmer literature by assessing how farmers’ understanding of what it is to be a good farmer is formed in relation to a less visible (enclosed) species (poultry). Findings demonstrate how the materialities of poultry bodies lead to similar practices across the three sites. These practices reflect the small size and rapid growth of poultry bodies and illustrate the multiple senses: visual, olfactory and tactile, which are encompassed in skilled role performance. The differing ‘rules of the game’ between the countries lead to distinctive ‘moral capitals’ attached to antimicrobial use, including stigma (Sweden), care‐full farming (France) and moral obligation (Vietnam). We argue that although cultural capital is not accrued in the same way as for more visible species, farmers mobilise their social capital to express cultural capital. Farmers clearly respond to changing ‘rules of the game’ in the form of government regulations, developing normative expectations. Deployment of the ‘good farmer’ concept in Sweden demonstrates the potential to mobilise cultural capital through benchmarking.
Clinical outcomes and emergence of resistance of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
infections treated with ceftolozane-tazobactam versus ceftazidime-avibactam
Authors: Hareza Dariusz A. , Cosgrove Sara E. , Bonomo Robert A. , Dzintars Kathryn , Karaba Sara M. , Hawes Armani M. , Tekle Tsigereda , Simner Patricia J. , Tamma Pranita D. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Few studies compare outcomes of patients with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
infections treated with ceftolozane-tazobactam versus ceftazidime-avibactam. A multicenter prospective study was conducted of unique patients with DTR
P. aeruginosa
infections from 2018 to 2023 receiving >72 h of ceftolozane-tazobactam or ceftazidime-avibactam, with confirmation that the
P. aeruginosa
isolate was susceptible to the agent administered by broth microdilution. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) incorporating propensity scores was utilized to ensure balanced baseline characteristics. Regression performed on the post-IPW group determined 30-day mortality and subsequent emergence of resistance (i.e., ≥4-fold increase in MIC) to the initial treatment (i.e., ceftolozane-tazobactam or ceftazidime-avibactam). Among 186 eligible patients, 102 (55%) received ceftolozane-tazobactam and 84 (45%) received ceftazidime-avibactam. In the post-IPW cohort, balance was achieved across all variables [e.g., demographics, severity of illness, severe immunocompromise, Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥5, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), source of infection, combination therapy]. Thirty-day mortality was similar between the ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam groups [21% vs 17%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.01 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.90–1.14)]. Emergence of resistance was higher in the ceftolozane-tazobactam group [38% vs 25%; aOR: 1.89 (95% CI: 0.98–4.88)], but did not achieve statistical significance. Prolonged treatment durations and use of CRRT were associated with increased emergence of resistance (both
P
= 0.04). Although the survival of patients with DTR
P. aeruginosa
infections appears similar regardless of whether ceftolozane-tazobactam or ceftazidime-avibactam is prescribed, the emergence of resistance may be more concerning with the former. Plausible mechanistic explanations support these findings. Modifiable risk factors were identified that may mitigate this risk.
Immunogenicity and efficacy of XBB.1.5 rS vaccine against the EG.5.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters
Authors: Soudani Nadia , Bricker Traci L. , Darling Tamarand , Seehra Kuljeet , Patel Nita , Guebre-Xabier Mimi , Smith Gale , Davis-Gardner Meredith , Suthar Mehul S. , Ellebedy Ali H. , Boon Adrianus C. M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The continued emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants necessitates updating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines to match circulating strains. The immunogenicity and efficacy of these vaccines must be tested in pre-clinical animal models. In Syrian hamsters, we measured the humoral and cellular immune response after immunization with the nanoparticle recombinant Spike (S) protein-based COVID-19 vaccine (Novavax, Inc.). We also compared the efficacy of the updated monovalent XBB.1.5 variant vaccine with previous COVID-19 vaccines for the induction of XBB.1.5 and EG.5.1 neutralizing antibodies and protection against a challenge with the EG.5.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2. Immunization induced high levels of S-specific IgG and IgA antibody-secreting cells and antigen-specific CD4
+
T cells. The XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.16 vaccines, but not the Prototype vaccine, induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and JN.1 variants of SARS-CoV-2. Upon challenge with the Omicron EG.5.1 variant, the XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.16 vaccines reduced the virus load in the lungs, nasal turbinates, trachea, and nasal washes. The bivalent vaccine (Prototype rS + BA.5 rS) continued to offer protection in the trachea and lungs, but protection was reduced in the upper airways. By contrast, the monovalent Prototype vaccine no longer offered good protection, and breakthrough infections were observed in all animals and tissues. Thus, based on these study results, the protein-based XBB.1.5 vaccine is immunogenic and increased the breadth of protection against the Omicron EG.5.1 variant in the Syrian hamster model.

IMPORTANCE
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, there is a need to assess the immunogenicity and efficacy of updated vaccines against newly emerging variants in pre-clinical models such as mice and hamsters. Here, we compared the immunogenicity and efficacy between the updated XBB.1.5, the original Prototype Wuhan-1, and the bivalent Prototype + BA.5 vaccine against a challenge with the EG.5.1 Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters. The XBB.1.5 and bivalent vaccine, but not the Prototype, induced serum-neutralizing antibodies against EG.5.1, albeit the titers were higher in the XBB.1.5 immunized hamsters. The presence of neutralizing antibodies was associated with complete protection against EG.5.1 infection in the lower airways and reduced virus titers in the upper airways. Compared with the bivalent vaccine, immunization with XBB.1.5 improved viral control in the nasal turbinates. Together, our data show that the updated vaccine is immunogenic and that it offers better protection against recent variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Envelope domain III E
324
, E
351
, and E
380
mutations lever adaptive evolution of DENV-1 genotype I
Authors: Jiang Tao , Huang Chenxiao , Ruan Qianqian , Huang Xiaorong , Liang Chumin , Chen Zhiqiang , Yu Xi , Peng Yihao , Liu Zheng , Cheng Gong , Dai Jianfeng , Sun Jiufeng 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Dengue virus (DENV) gains genetic mutations during continuous transmission and evolution, making the virus more adaptive and virulent. The clade of DENV-1 genotype I has expanded and become the predominant genotype in Asia and the Pacific areas, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. A combined analysis of nonsynonymous mutations in domain III of the envelope protein and their biological effects on virus pathogenesis and transmission was evaluated. Phylogenetic analyses found three nonsynonymous mutations (V324I, V351L, and V380I) in domain III of the envelope protein, which emerged in 1970s–1990s and stably inherited and expanded in contemporary strains after 2000. We generated reverse-mutated viruses (I324V, L351V, and I380V) based on an infectious clone of an epidemic DENV-1 strain (NIID02–20), and the results suggested that the infectivity of the contemporary epidemic virus (wild type, WT) has increased compared to the reverse mutant viruses in mammalian hosts but not mosquito vectors. The WT virus showed a higher binding affinity to host cells and increased virion stability. In addition, weaker immunogenicity and higher resistance to neutralizing antibodies of the WT virus indicated a trend of immune escape. The data suggested that nonsynonymous mutations of the E protein (V324I, V351L, and V380I) promote infectivity and immune evasion of DENV-1 genotype I, which may facilitate its onward transmission on a global scale.

IMPORTANCE
We provide evidence that minor sequence variation among dengue virus (DENV) strains can result in increased adaptability and virulence, impacting both the biology of the virus and the antiviral immune response. The genetic mutations of DENV-1 gained during continuous transmission and evolution will offer new clues for the design of novel vaccines against flaviviruses.
Metabolic homeostasis in fungal infections from the perspective of pathogens, immune cells, and whole-body systems
Authors: Weerasinghe Harshini , Stölting Helen , Rose Adam J. , Traven Ana 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY
The ability to overcome metabolic stress is a major determinant of outcomes during infections. Pathogens face nutrient and oxygen deprivation in host niches and during their encounter with immune cells. Immune cells require metabolic adaptations for producing antimicrobial compounds and mounting antifungal inflammation. Infection also triggers systemic changes in organ metabolism and energy expenditure that range from an enhanced metabolism to produce energy for a robust immune response to reduced metabolism as infection progresses, which coincides with immune and organ dysfunction. Competition for energy and nutrients between hosts and pathogens means that successful survival and recovery from an infection require a balance between elimination of the pathogen by the immune systems (resistance), and doing so with minimal damage to host tissues and organs (tolerance). Here, we discuss our current knowledge of pathogen, immune cell and systemic metabolism in fungal infections, and the impact of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes. We put forward the idea that, while our knowledge of the use of metabolic regulation for fungal proliferation and antifungal immune responses (i.e., resistance) has been growing over the years, we also need to study the metabolic mechanisms that control tolerance of fungal pathogens. A comprehensive understanding of how to balance resistance and tolerance by metabolic interventions may provide insights into therapeutic strategies that could be used adjunctly with antifungal drugs to improve patient outcomes.
Early Neoarchean geodynamic regime in the North China Craton: Constraints from 2.7 Ga granitoids in the southern Jilin terrane
Authors: Liu Jin , Zhang Hongxiang , Palin Richard M. , Liu Zhenghong , Zhang Jian , Cheng Changquan , Liu Xiaoguang , Zhao Chen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Identifying the processes responsible for the generation and evolution of the Archean continental crust is crucial for understanding the tectonic regimes present on early Earth. A major episode of continental growth during the early Neoarchean has been identified in many cratons worldwide. Indeed, early Neoarchean magmatism has been recognized in several terranes within the North China Craton over the past decade, although the geodynamic regime in which such activity occurred remains highly debated. Here, we focus on newly recognized early Neoarchean mylonitic trondhjemite and granodiorite from the southern Jilin terrane, China, to address this knowledge gap. Zircon U-Pb geochronology reveals that these granitoids formed at ca. 2.7 Ga. They display adakitic geochemical characteristics, such as high Sr/Y and LaN/YbN ratios. Their low MgO, Cr, and Ni contents, along with low δ18O values (4.19‰–5.39‰) and positive εHf(t) (0.7–6.5) and εNd(t) (2.0–2.6) values, indicate that they originated from thickened juvenile lower continental crust. Thermodynamic modeling further constrains the ca. 2.7 Ga granitoids to have been generated from partial melting driven by amphibole breakdown under granulite-facies P-T conditions of 10–15 kbar and 800–900 °C, with garnet and amphibole as the major residual minerals. Combined with previous studies, we suggest that the North China Craton underwent significant crustal growth during the early Neoarchean, which was likely attributed to the synergistic effects of waning mantle plume activity and the coeval onset of plate tectonics.
A multicenter retrospective study to assess feasibility, safety and efficacy of first-line carboplatin-paclitaxel versus carboplatin monotherapy in a frail, elderly epithelial ovarian cancer population
Authors: Merry Eve , Kesmez Ronas Taner , Yu Tamara , Flynn Michael , Ledermann Jonathan , Lockley Michelle , Macdonald Nicola , McCormack Mary , Nicum Shibani , Crusz Shanthini , Miller Rowan 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveUnderrepresentation of elderly ovarian cancer patients in clinical trials has led to lack of clarity regarding optimal first-line chemotherapy in this cohort. The Elderly Women with Ovarian Cancer (EWOC)-1 trial demonstrated that 3-weekly carboplatin (3wC) resulted in worse survival and feasibility compared with standard 3-weekly carboplatin-paclitaxel (3wCP) in frail, elderly ovarian cancer patients. Our retrospective study compares feasibility, safety, and efficacy of first-line 3wCP and 3wC in a frail ovarian cancer cohort.MethodsClinical data were retrospectively analyzed for newly-diagnosed, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III/IV, ≥70-year-old epithelial ovarian cancer patients, treated by clinician choice with 3wC or 3wCP at two London cancer centers over a 2 year period. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status provided surrogate markers of frailty. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0 graded toxicity.ResultsA total of 107 patients were treated with 3wC (n=30) and 3wCP (n=77). Age, performance status, and CCI were significantly different between cohorts, with 3wC patients older (84 vs 75 years, p<0.001), with more comorbidities (median CCI 4 vs 3, p<0.001) and worse performance status (47% vs 17% PS ≥2, p=0.015). Surgical outcomes differed significantly between cohorts, with 20 (67%) 3wC patients not undergoing surgery, compared with 22 (29%) 3wCP patients (p<0.001). Median follow-up was 45.8 months (IQR 38.7–56.3 months). While we observed improved progression-free (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.90, p=0.017) and overall survival (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.73, p=0.001, log-rank test) in a univariate cox proportional hazards comparison between 3wCP and 3wC, this was not significant on multivariate analysis. Completion of six planned chemotherapy cycles was achieved by the majority, with similar discontinuation rates between groups (13% 3wC vs 8% 3wCP, p>0.05). Overall grade ≥3 hematological toxicity rates were similar between regimens (33% 3wC vs 44% 3wCP, p=0.37) with grade ≥3 neutropenia (p=0.019) and grade ≥3 thrombocytopenia (p=0.006) more common with 3wCP and 3wC, respectively. No treatment-related deaths occurred.ConclusionOur data demonstrates that standard 3wCP is a well-tolerated, feasible first-line treatment for frail, elderly ovarian cancer patients. Improved survival with 3wCP was not significant when corrected for established clinical prognostic factors.