bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analysis on Preliminary Breakdown Pulses of Positive Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in Malaysia
Authors: Wooi Chin-Leong , Abdul-Malek Zulkurnain , Ahmad Noor Azlinda , Mokhtari Mehrdad , Salimi Behnam 
Published: March 2016

<p>This aim of this paper is to study the preliminary breakdown pulses (PBP) of positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) lightning flashes in Malaysia. There is a difference in PBP characteristics when a comparison is made between positive and negative flashes. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time the PBP characteristics preceding positive lightning in Malaysia are reported. This study was carried out in Johor Bahru, Malaysia using a broadband antenna system during a monsoon period (Oct-Dec, 2012). It is found that the PBP for +CG lightning is much more complicated compared to the positive cloud-to-ground (–CG) lightning since only negative PBP trains are usually present in the –CG lightning. Out of 21 analyzed positive flashes, four types of PBP trains were identified according to their initial polarities. These are negative PBP (20%), positive PBP (15%), PBP with polarity reversal (10%), and PBP with irregular polarity (15%). The balance 40% of flashes are without any PBP. The effect of geographical region may also cause the observed differences in the cloud discharge processes including the types of PBP. More studies are needed to determine the relationship between the return stroke and PBP.</p>
A Flatness Based Nonlinear Sensorless Control of Induction Motor Systems
Authors: Farid Berrezzek , Waffa Bourbia , Bachir Bensaker 
Published: March 2016

<p>This paper deals with the flatness based approach for sensrless control of induction motor systems.Two main features of the proposed flatness based control are worth to be mentioned. Firstly, the simplicity of implementation of the flatness approach as a nonlinear feedback linearization control technique. Secondly, when the chosen flat outputs involve non available state variable measurements a nonlinear observer is used to estimate them<strong>. </strong>The main advantage of the used observer is its ability to exploite the properties of the system nonlinearties. The simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiness of the proposed approach for sensorless control of the considered induction motor.</p>
Художественная Избыточность Романого Творчества Достоевского И «Вечный Муж» [Poetic Excess in Dostoevsky’s Novelistic Technique and the Novella “The Eternal Husband”]
Authors: Власкин А.П. 
Published: March 2016

«Вечный муж» Достоевского – достаточно странное произведение, осо- бенно если учесть его место в ряду романов писателя. Может ли равнять- ся с ними «Вечный муж»? Равняться по художественным достоинствам или по любым другим параметрам? Ответ на этот вопрос дается в докладе на основе анализа «избитка».
Достоевский образы некоторых своих героев воображал себе гораздо более богатыми по смысловым возможностям, чем то, как они вырази- лись в конкретном произведении. Раскольников, Соня, Свидригайлов – в них слишком многое остается как будто «за кадром», а точнее – за сюжетом. Иными словами, в подобных образах (преимущественно в концептуально значимых) потенциально содержится нечто такое, что не укладывалось в прокрустово ложе единичной судьбы и в логику кон- кретного сюжета. Нашему восприятию это художественное явление ока- зывается доступно через наблюдаемые реминисценции и в более упро- щенном виде – через типологию.Явление это можно называть художест- венной избыточностью воображения писателя.
[Dostoevsky’s The Eternal Husband is a curious work especially in comparison with the rest of Dostoevsky’s opus. How can The Eternal Husband be ranked in that opus? Does one apply artistic merit or other parameters? The answer to this question is given in the article on the basis of an analysis of “excess.”
Dostoevsky conceived some of his literary characters as much more substantial in their sense radius than they actually turned out to have in their expression in the concrete work. Raskolnikov, Sonia, Svidrigailov – they are all hidden behind the screen, as it were, or more precisely, behind the sujet. In other words, in such conceptually important characters there is something which potentially transcends the procrastination of individual destiny and the logic of a concrete sujet. We perceive these artistic phenomena by means of reminiscences and in a simplified form by means of a typology. This phenomenon can be called the excess of artistic imagination of the writer.]
Mesoscale and Synoptic Environment in Three Orographically Enhanced Rain Events on the Coast of Santa Catarina (Brazil)
Authors: Guimarães Rodrigues M. Laura , Ynoue Rita Yuri 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this study three cases of extreme rainfall events are analyzed in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina (SC), on Brazil’s coast, lying between the mountains and the South Atlantic Ocean in southeastern South America. The largest rainfall totals, 200–300 mm in 12–24 h, resulted in flash floods. ECMWF 6-hourly 1.5° × 1.5° data were used to determine the synoptic fields and quasigeostrophic forcing, along with observational data from local networks, for subsynoptic analyses. In case C1, during May 2010, there was a frontal passage. In C2 and C3 (January 2008 and February 1979, respectively) the coastline separated a ridge over the continent from a trough over the sea at the surface, with an atmosphere of low baroclinicity predominating at 500 hPa. All three events were characterized by postfrontal conditions; the presence of an anticyclone over the sea, centered at 35°–40°S; and slow-moving or quasi-stationary midlevel cyclones over the continent, at 27 °S. The circulation generated in the cyclone resulted in strong (10 m s−1) and persistent low-level east-northeast winds along the coast of SC, favoring the influx of heat and humidity on days with heavy rain. The upward motion at 850 hPa was concentrated over the affected areas and stronger than that at 500 hPa. Even so, the moist air that reached the mountain in a conditionally unstable environment rose only to middle levels. The features presented were similar to those observed for orographic rain events in Europe and the United States.
A Curious Distal Tibiofibular Neuropathic Fracture
Authors: Brandao Roberto A. , Wukich Dane K. 
Published: March 2016

Hindfoot and distal leg neuropathic fracture collapse secondary to normal pressure hydrocephalus is a very rare clinical pathology. The authors present a case of a 69-year-old woman who sustained a distal tibiofibular fracture that resulted in a recurvatum deformity with idiopathic neuropathy and gait instability on initial presentation. A subtalar and ankle joint arthrodesis was performed achieving rectus alignment of the lower extremity with no postoperative complications. Her neuropathic etiology was negative for common causative factors, including diabetes, infection, nutritional deficiencies, congenital neuropathy, and trauma. Approximately 6 months postoperatively, the patient had persistent bilateral lower extremity weakness with the sensation of her “feet sticking to the floor” on ambulation. A referral to neurology revealed a normal pressure hydrocephalus as a possible etiology for her gait abnormalities and neuropathy. She required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, with resolved gait disturbance and associated weakness approximately 1.5 years postoperatively. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case report
Does increased femoral antetorsion predispose to cartilage lesions of the patellofemoral joint?
Authors: Oppermann Johannes , Dargel Jens , Eysel Peer , Bredow Jan 
Published: March 2016

Aims and Objectives: Anatomic variants, instability or incongruence of the patellofemoral joint have been shown to result in pathological patellofemoral stress-patterns and have been described to predispose to patellofemoral cartilage degeneration. Despite the fact that degeneration of the medial patellofemoral facet is seen more frequently when compared to the lateral facet, we need to be aware of patients with abnormal femoral antetorsion and subsequent femoral internal rotation, in whom we detect increased stress patterns and cartilage degeneration of the lateral facet of the patellofemoral joint. Although this entity is well studied in patients with internally rotated femoral components after total knee replacement, there is a lack of scientific evidence in native knees. The purpose of this study was to investigate if there was a relationship between femoral neck antetorsion and the presence and the pattern of osteoarthritis of the patellofemoral joint. It was hypothesized that an increased femoral neck antetorsion correlates with osteoarthritic changes of the lateral facet of the patellofemoral joint and correlates with an increased lateral trochlear height and a decreased sulcus angle. Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight formalin-embedded cadaveric lower extremities from thirty-four subjects with a median age of 74 years (range 60-88) were used. Surrounding soft tissues of the lower limb were removed. The femoral neck antetorsion was measured and referenced to the transepicondylar axis. The height of the medial and lateral facet of the trochlea and the sulcus angle were measured. The location and the degree of patellofemoral cartilage degeneration were recorded. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to correlate the femoral neck antetorsion with the measured knee parameters. Results: No significant correlation could be found between the femoral antetorsion and cartilage degeneration of the lateral patellofemoral joint (p = n.s.), the height of the lateral trochlea (p = n.s.), and the sulcus angle (p = n.s.). Conclusion: This study could not document that femoral neck antetorsion and subsequent internal rotation of the distal femur was correlated with the degree of degeneration of the lateral facet of the patellofemoral joint. Based on these findings, femoral internal rotation may only play a minor role in the development of lateral patellofemoral joint degeneration in native knees. In contrast, we are confronted with these cases in our daily clinical practice. To date, valid scientific reports and evidence of different treatment options are limited. Femoral derotational osteotomy could be one treatment option in these cases, but the indication should be considered thoroughly.
Influence of somatization dysfunction and depressive symptoms on the course of pain within the first year after uncomplicated total knee replacement (TKR), a prospective study
Authors: Bierke Sebastian , Petersen Wolf 
Published: March 2016

Aims and Objectives: The implantation of a bicondylar knee implant is one of the most common orthopedic surgeries performed in Germany. However, it has been shown that 10 to 25% of the patients are not satisfied with the result. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of depressive symptoms and somatization on the outcome after total knee replacement (TKR). Materials and Methods: In 2012 and 2013 a total of 138 patients out of 150 were enrolled in this prospective study. Preoperatively depressive symptoms were assessed with the patient health questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and somatization was assessed with the PHQ-15. Primary outcome measure was the self-assessed knee function evaluated with the "knee osteoarthritis outcome score" (KOOS) and pain measured with a numerical rating scale (NRS). Secondary outcome measures were the KOOS subscales and the patient satisfaction. Group differences were tested by the independent t-test and the influence of other co-factors was checked with the univariate variance-analysis. Results: At 6 and 12 months postoperatively patients with a PHQ-9 of more than 10 points had significant higher pain score at rest and daily living activities. Somatization assessed with the PHQ-15 had a significant effect on pain at rest and pain at daily living activities at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Both factors, PHQ-9 and PHQ-15 had also a significant effect on KOOS outcome and patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Psychopathological factors such as depressive symptoms and somatization have an impact on outcome after TKR. Preoperative screening for psychopathological conditions could help to improve patient selection for TKR.
Thick-osteochondral Flap Deepening Trochleoplasty for Patellar Instability
Authors: Donel Simon , Ali Khameinei , Smith Dr. Tobi , McNamara Iain 
Published: March 2016

Aims and Objectives: In patients with patellar instability and severe trochlear dysplasia, trochleoplasty has become increasingly used as part of the surgical management. The aim to report the mid-term results of this trochleoplasty including the sports and exercise activities of the cohort. Our hypothesis was that the operation would improve knee function and lead to an increase in sports participation in the patients. Materials and Methods: Between 1995 and 2010 the thick-flap deepening trochleoplasty was performed in 90 patients (107 knees) with severe trochlear dysplasia. Data was collected prospectively pre-operatively, at 6 weeks and 1-year follow-up. A standard pre-operative clinical assessment that included assessment of patellar apprehension , patellar tracking and patellofemoral crepitus. Post-operative outcome scores were performed by postal questionnaire and collected between June and December 2013, to determine the clinical and functional outcomes, including sports and exercise participation at a minimum of 2 years, with complete data available in 92%. Results: With a minimum follow-up of 2 years, average of 6 years (range 2 to 19 years). The Kujala score had a median and interquartile range (IQR) of 63 (47-75) pre-operatively rising to 79 (68-91) at 1 year follow-up and 84 (73-92) at final follow-up (p< 0.05). Seventy-two per cent were satisfied with their knee function at 1 year follow-up rising to 79% at final follow-up (p <0.0001). Sports and exercise participation increased from 36 patients (40%) pre-operatively to 60 (67%) at final follow-up. The numbers involved in competitions increased slightly from 10 (11%) to 11 (12%). Of those sports that involved twisting (e.g. soccer, cricket, badminton), participation increased from 16 (18%) to 22 (24%), whereas non-twisting sports (e.g. running, swimming, cycling) increased from 24 (27%) to 47 (52%) of whom 14 (16%) used walking as exercise. Conclusion: The thick-flap deepening trochleoplasty improves the clinical and functional outcomes for patients with symptomatic patellar instability with severe trochlear dysplasia. These results improve over time and beyond the 1 year clinical follow-up. However trochleoplasty does not lead to a significant improvement in sports participation at a competitive level. It does improve the sports and exercise patient participation, principally in non-twisting sports activities.
The transosseous ACL Refixation and biological Augmentation "TARBA". Preliminary Results of a new Operation Technique
Authors: Hinterwimmer Stefan , Achten Manfred , Bathish Einal 
Published: March 2016

Aims and Objectives: Differentiated gradings of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear-types allow us to perform a more and more differentiated treatment of this injury. Especially in the tears close to the insertion ACL preserving techniques like "healing response" together with growth factors or synthetic augmentations of the original ACL like the "dynamic intraligamentous stabilization DIS" have increasing importance. Disadvantages of the mentioned techniques are the limited indications and the high need of material. That led us to the development of the "transosseous ACL refixation and biological augmentation TARBA", in which the original ACL is refixed to the femoral insertion and augmented with the patient’s doubled gracilis tendon. In the following we will present the first results with this technique. Materials and Methods: From 12/2013 to 02/2015 we used this technique in 56 patients (28x m, 28x f, age 30.7years). All patients had ACL tears in the proximal third close to the femoral insertion. The original ACL was fixed arthroscopically with 2 PDS fibres. Those were pulled out of the femur through a 5mm channel. The original-ACL was augmented with a doubled ipsilateral gracilis tendon. This tendon graft was pulled into the joint via another tibial 5mm channel and fixed at the femur with an endobutton and at the tibia with a cortical anchor screw. Both channels were placed exactly adjacent to the centre of the femoral and tibial anatomic insertion sites. The treatment result was controlled after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months with clinical examination and various scores (patient satisfaction, VAS, Lysholm, Tegner, Activity Rating Scale). After 6 months an instrumented stability test (Rolimeter) was performed. All patients were matched with 47 patients who had a complete ACL tear treated with 4-strand stemitendinosus tendon (control group). Results: Until now all patients with "TARBA" were satisfied with their operation. The range of motion was equal to the healthy side. Anterior-posterior stability in the Lachman test was equal to the healthy side. Rolimeter-test after 6 months showed an average side difference of less than 1mm. The Pivot-Shift test was 1x positiv in 3 patients. WE had to do 3 revisions (1x traumatic Re-tear, 1x traumatic meniscal tear, 1x limited range of extension). Compared with the control group with complete ACL replacements there was no sicnificant difference in the various scores. Conclusion: With "TARBA" the original ACL can be preserved. For augmentation only a rather thin tendon in small channels is "wasted". This new technique shows excellent subjective and objective results within the follow-up period we overlook. If we can prove these findings during the follow-up to come this technique to preserve the native ACL will enlarge the range of treatment options in ACL surgery significantly.
A Comparative Study of Estimation of lower Limb alignment by Physical Examination versus Lower Leg Radiography Measurements
Authors: Yilmaz Tayfun , Niemeyer Philipp , Südkamp Norbert P. , Mayer Sybille , Glaser Franziska 
Published: March 2016

Aims and Objectives: Alignment of the lower limb is a key parameter in the diagnostics and treatment concepts of osteoarthritis, in the treatment of cartilage defects and in ligamentous instabilities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relevance of the physical examination in direct comparison to radiographic examination in determination of the mechanical axis of the lower extremities. Materials and Methods: A total of 92 Patient with different pathologies of the knee joint have been included. (Male: n=60, Female: n=32; overall BMI 26,7 kg/m2). The physical Examination of the mechanical axis was determined by two independent examiners (orthopaedic surgeons) by clinical estimation using a goniometer. The radiographic measurement of the mechanical axis was performed on full weight-bearing whole Radiographs accordning to the recommendations given by Pauwels and Moreland. All variables failed test for normal distribution, so that Spearman’s ratio and for inter observer reliability Kendall’s tau was performed. For all statistical tests, SPSS was used for statistics. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistical significant. Results: The physical examination has a relevant variance to radiographic determination of the lower limb axis. In comparison to the control (radiographic evaluation), a misinterpretation of 3 degrees or more has been found in 30 % of the physical measurements in the overall study group, while in the subgroup of obese patients (BMI > 30kg/m2) the number of miscalculations increased to 44 %(p<0,05). In addition, a moderate correlation was found between the two independent investigators (r=0,61; p<0,001). Resulting in a low inter observer reliability. Higher degree of malalignment was found to correlate with inferior correlation factors between clinical and radiographic evaluation, while best correlation factors were found in the subgroup of patients without significant malalignment (Percentage of Misinterpretation 5 %). This percentage was significantly higher in valgus (40%) and varus (36%) deformities. Conclusion: In conclusion the physical examination has a large insecurity compared with the lower leg radiography. Reliability depends on BMI and failure probability increases in the subgroup of obese patients. With regard to the results of the present study and against the background of the great importance of lower limb alignment in the context of surgical treatments for cartilage defects, osteoarthritis and chronic ligamentous insufficiency, the indication for radiographic evaluation of alignment of the lower limb using full weight bearing AP radiographs should be made generously.
CNS Voltage-gated Calcium Channel Gene Variation And Prolonged Recovery Following Sport-related Concussion
Authors: McDevitt Jane 
Published: March 2016

Objectives: To examine the association between concussion duration and two calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit (CACNA1E) single nucleotide polymorphisms (i.e., rs35737760 and rs704326). A secondary purpose was to examine the association between CACNA1E single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and three acute concussion severity scores (i.e., vestibule-ocular reflex test, balance error scoring scale, and Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing). Methods: Forty athletes with a diagnosed concussion from a hospital concussion program completed a standardized initial evaluation. Concussion injury characteristics, acute signs and symptoms followed by an objective screening (i.e., vestibular ocular assessments, balance error scoring system test, and Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing exam) were assessed. Enrolled participants provided salivary samples for isolation of DNA. Two exon SNPs rs35737760 and rs704326 within CACNA1E were genotyped. Results: There was a significant difference found between acute balance deficits and prolonged recovery group (X2 = 5.66, p = 0.017). There was an association found between the dominant model GG genotype (X2 = 5.41, p = 0.027) within the rs704326 SNP and prolonged recovery group. Significant differences were identified for the rs704326 SNP within the dominant model GG genotype (p = 0.030) for VOR scores by recovery. A significant difference was found between the rs704326 SNP codominant model AA (p = 0.042) and visual memory. There was an association between acute balance deficits and prolonged recovery (X2 = 5.66, p = 0.017) for the rs35737760 SNP. No significant associations between concussion severity and genotype for rs35737760 SNP. Conclusion: Athletes carrying the CACNA1E rs704326 homozygous genotype GG are at a greater risk of a prolonged recovery. Athletes that reported balance deficits at the time of injury were more likely to have prolonged recovery. These polymorphisms within CACNA1E could alter the CACNA1E protein and allow for an increase of calcium leading to deficits to the granule cells within the brain.