bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A groupoid approach to pseudodifferential calculi
Authors: van Erp Erik , Yuncken Robert 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this paper we give an algebraic/geometric characterization of the classical pseudodifferential operators on a smooth manifold in terms of the tangent groupoid and its natural

ℝ
+
×

{\mathbb{R}^{\times}_{+}}

-action. Specifically, a properly supported semiregular distribution on

M
×
M

{M\times M}

is the Schwartz kernel of a classical pseudodifferential operator if and only if it extends to a smooth family of distributions on the range fibers of the tangent groupoid that is homogeneous for the

ℝ
+
×

{\mathbb{R}^{\times}_{+}}

-action modulo smooth functions. Moreover, we show that the basic properties of pseudodifferential operators can be proven directly from this characterization. Further, with the appropriate generalization of the tangent bundle, the same definition applies without change to define pseudodifferential calculi on arbitrary filtered manifolds, in particular the Heisenberg calculus.
Entropy generation analysis and effects of slip conditions on micropolar fluid flow due to a rotating disk
Authors: Khan Najeeb Alam , Naz Farah , Sultan Faqiha 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article deals with the investigation of three-dimensional axisymmetric steady flow of micropolar fluid over a rotating disk in a slip-flow regime. Further, the generation of entropy due to heat transfer and fluid friction is identified. It is noticed that the entropy generation can be decreased and controlled in the presence of slip. The anisotropic slip has vital characteristics and it has a great influence on the flow field and heat transfer. The von Kármán similarity transformation is used to establish the equations governing the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the fluid. The impact of some important parameters on velocity profiles, angular velocity (microrotation) and energy distribution is discussed and illustrated through graphs and tables. The effects of physical parameters on the entropy generation and Bejan numbers are also presented graphically. In addition, the most favorable agreement is observed among the results of the present study and those of the earlier studies.
Dephosphorization by Double-Slag Process in Converter Steelmaking
Authors: Wang Yang , Yang Shufeng , Li Jingshe , Feng Jie , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe double-slag converter steelmaking process can smelt low- and ultra-low-phosphorus steel and reduce lime and dolomite consumption and the amount of final slag simultaneously. Industrial steelmaking tests on a 150-metric ton converter at the Tangsteel Company were carried out to study this principle and its effect on the dephosphorization ratio and material consumption. The results showed that low-temperature stage could be used with a reduced amount of slag in the double-slag steelmaking process to achieve rapid and efficient dephosphorization. A low-basicity slag (~1.5–2.0) in the dephosphorization stage is required in double-slag process. The dephosphorization ratio reached a maximum of 71 % when the slag basicity was 1.7. The end-point phosphorus content after the smelting process was reduced from an average of 0.018 mass% to an average of 0.011 mass% and the dephosphorization efficiency increased by more than 6 %. The dephosphorization slag could be poured out rapidly when the FeO content was controlled at ~16–20 mass% in the double-slag smelting process. Based on key factors such as an efficient dephosphorization and a rapid iron–slag separation, the production efficiency was improved and the smelting cycle increased by only four minutes over the conventional process.
Genealogies and Politics: Phocus on the Road
Authors: Franchi Elena 
Published: September 2017

Summary:On usually refers to all the figures named „Phocus“ as one and the same Phocus, the alleged eponymous hero of the Phocians, and wonder why he has so many „Doppelgänger“: one or more Homeric heroes, a son of Aecus, a son of Ornytion, and so on. This paper assumes instead that there are many different heroes whose names are Phocus, and wonders to what extent and why were they linked. Indeed the contradictory stories about Phocus represent an interesting case of the permeability of the heroes' genealogies and of the traditional narratives about them in archaic and classical Greece. A survey of the sources shows that all the figures named „Phocus“ were more than once linked together to express specific needs. These needs reflect different aims and historical events which are ascribable mainly to the archaic and classical periods. Moreover, they are concerned with Phocis as well as with Corinth, Aegina, Locris, Thebes and Thessaly. By reconstructing wherever possible the chronological context of the different layers and overlaps and by linking them to the several traditions concerning heroes named Phocus, it is possible to construct a map which describes some of the relationships, some geopolitical landscapes and, to a certain extent, even some geopolitical lines working in Central Greece and beyond from the archaic to the Roman period.
Investigation of the effect of inert inclusions on densification during solid-state sintering of metal matrix composites
Authors: Cabezas Jose L. , Olmos Luis , Vergara-Hernández Hector J. , Garnica Pedro , Jiménez Omar , Mondragón-Sánchez Maria L. , Lemus-Ruiz Jose 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Solid-state sintering is the most used process to produce composites. In this paper, the effect of inert inclusions on densification during sintering was evaluated for Cu-WC and Cu-W composites, which have several industrial applications. Dilatometry tests were performed to follow the densification of composites. The effects of the quantity, size, and interphase bonding on densification of the matrix were studied. Distribution of the inert particles inside of the matrix was observed by scanning electronic microscopy. The results show that densification is decreased as the volume fraction of inclusions increases. Two different behaviors are detected when two different sizes of inclusions are used. For <20% vol. of inclusions, smaller tungsten particles have a minor effect on the densification than those of tungsten carbide. On the contrary, higher volume fractions of smaller tungsten particles drastically decrease the densification. The microhardness of the copper matrix is improved up to 15% vol. of inclusions, being higher for tungsten carbide particles. It was found that 15% vol. of inclusions is the maximal quantity of inclusions that can be used, as higher quantities inhibit densification and reduce the mechanical properties of the composite.
Eltern in religiöser Heterogenität – ein religionspädagogisches Themen- und Forschungsfeld am Beispiel von Bildungs- und Erziehungspartnerschaften in Kindertagesstätten
Authors: Edelbrock Anke 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Unter Berücksichtigung der in Kindertagesstätten vorliegenden kulturellen und religiösen Heterogenität fragt der Artikel in religionspädagogischer Perspektive nach der Bedeutung von Bildungs- und Erziehungspartnerschaften für den Bereich der Frühpädagogik. Dabei werden besonders die für eine gelingende Partnerschaft notwendigen Kompetenzen und Fähigkeiten der pädagogischen Fachkräfte fokussiert. Deutlich wird, dass die Fragestellung nach Bedeutung und Rolle der Eltern in religiös pluraler Gesellschaft noch ein wenig bearbeitetes, religionspädagogisches Forschungs- und Themenfeld ist.
Analysis of Anisotropy in Turned Surfaces Using Vision Based 3D Surface Topography
Authors: Prasad Balla Srinivasa , Prasad Dora Siva , Nawaz Azam 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Anisotropy in machined surfaces has a significant effect on the functional performance of an engineering surface. Complexity in surface topography directly affects a component’s functional performance, such as load bearing, friction, wear, surface roughness, and fluid retention properties. The anisotropic and isotropic nature of surfaces could be disregarded for 2D surface characterization, but they are of fundamental importance to 3D surfaces for characterization, which is a result of cutting motion; thus, the machined surfaces consist of fluctuations, peaks, and valleys. The surface topography of the workpiece can be viewed more precisely by viewing it under micro scale magnification. In the present work, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of the tool condition in machining processes on different workpiece surfaces and to investigate the resulting 3D surface topography on friction and wear properties of machined components. The 3D surface topography parameters, such as Sa, Sq, Ssk, Sku, and Sdr, are extracted by using commercial software (TalySurf10). Subsequently these parameters are used to compare and analyze the specific-functional performances of the tool. The encouraging results of this work pave the way for the analysis of the machined surface and the development of real-time and reliable tool-condition monitoring systems.
Action Potential Broadening in Capsaicin-Sensitive DRG Neurons from Frequency-Dependent Reduction of Kv3 Current
Authors: Liu Pin W. , Blair Nathaniel T. , Bean Bruce P. 
Published: September 2017

Action potential (AP) shape is a key determinant of cellular electrophysiological behavior. We found that in small-diameter, capsaicin-sensitive dorsal root ganglia neurons corresponding to nociceptors (from rats of either sex), stimulation at frequencies as low as 1 Hz produced progressive broadening of the APs. Stimulation at 10 Hz for 3 s resulted in an increase in AP width by an average of 76 ± 7% at 22°C and by 38 ± 3% at 35°C. AP clamp experiments showed that spike broadening results from frequency-dependent reduction of potassium current during spike repolarization. The major current responsible for frequency-dependent reduction of overall spike-repolarizing potassium current was identified as Kv3 current by its sensitivity to low concentrations of 4-aminopyridine (IC50<100 μm) and block by the peptide inhibitor blood depressing substance I (BDS-I). There was a small component of Kv1-mediated current during AP repolarization, but this current did not show frequency-dependent reduction. In a small fraction of cells, there was a component of calcium-dependent potassium current that showed frequency-dependent reduction, but the contribution to overall potassium current reduction was almost always much smaller than that of Kv3-mediated current. These results show that Kv3 channels make a major contribution to spike repolarization in small-diameter DRG neurons and undergo frequency-dependent reduction, leading to spike broadening at moderate firing frequencies. Spike broadening from frequency-dependent reduction in Kv3 current could mitigate the frequency-dependent decreases in conduction velocity typical of C-fiber axons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSmall-diameter dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons mediating nociception and other sensory modalities express many types of potassium channels, but how they combine to control firing patterns and conduction is not well understood. We found that action potentials of small-diameter rat DRG neurons showed spike broadening at frequencies as low as 1 Hz and that spike broadening resulted predominantly from frequency-dependent inactivation of Kv3 channels. Spike width helps to control transmitter release, conduction velocity, and firing patterns and understanding the role of particular potassium channels can help to guide new pharmacological strategies for targeting pain-sensing neurons selectively.
The Transcriptional Response of Candida albicans to Weak Organic Acids, Carbon Source, and MIG1 Inactivation Unveils a Role for HGT16 in Mediating the Fungistatic Effect of Acetic Acid
Authors: Cottier Fabien , Tan Alrina Shin Min , Yurieva Marina , Liao Webber , Lum Josephine , Poidinger Michael , Zolezzi Francesca , Pavelka Norman 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Candida albicans is a resident fungus of the human intestinal microflora. Commonly isolated at low abundance in healthy people, C. albicans outcompetes local microbiota during candidiasis episodes. Under normal conditions, members of the human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota were shown to keep C. albicans colonization under control. By releasing weak organic acids (WOAs), bacteria are able to moderate yeast growth. This mechanism displays a synergistic effect in vitro with the absence of glucose in medium of culture, which underlines the complex interactions that C. albicans faces in its natural environment. Inactivation of the transcriptional regulator MIG1 in C. albicans results in a lack of sensitivity to this synergistic outcome. To decipher C. albicans transcriptional responses to glucose, WOAs, and the role of MIG1, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on four biological replicates exposed to combinations of these three parameters. We were able to characterize the (i) glucose response, (ii) response to acetic and butyric acid, (iii) MIG1 regulation of C. albicans, and (iv) genes responsible for WOA resistance. We identified a group of six genes linked to WOA sensitivity in a glucose-MIG1-dependent manner and inactivated one of these genes, the putative glucose transporter HGT16, in a SC5314 wild-type background. As expected, the mutant displayed a partial complementation to WOA resistance in the absence of glucose. This result points toward a mechanism of WOA sensitivity in C. albicans involving membrane transporters, which could be exploited to control yeast colonization in human body niches.
COMBAT: A Combined Association Test for Genes Using Summary Statistics
Authors: Wang Minghui , Huang Jianfei , Liu Yiyuan , Ma Li , Potash James B , Han Shizhong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMany gene-based association tests have been proposed for genomewide association studies (GWAS). However, the power of existing gene-based tests is...Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used for identifying common variants associated with complex diseases. Traditional analysis of GWAS typically examines one marker at a time, usually single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), to identify individual variants associated with a disease. However, due to the small effect sizes of common variants, the power to detect individual risk variants is generally low. As a complementary approach to SNP-level analysis, a variety of gene-based association tests have been proposed. However, the power of existing gene-based tests is often dependent on the underlying genetic models, and it is not known a priori which test is optimal. Here we propose a combined association test (COMBAT) for genes, which incorporates strengths from existing gene-based tests and shows higher overall performance than any individual test. Our method does not require raw genotype or phenotype data, but needs only SNP-level P-values and correlations between SNPs from ancestry-matched samples. Extensive simulations showed that COMBAT has an appropriate type I error rate, maintains higher power across a wide range of genetic models, and is more robust than any individual gene-based test. We further demonstrated the superior performance of COMBAT over several other gene-based tests through reanalysis of the meta-analytic results of GWAS for bipolar disorder. Our method allows for the more powerful application of gene-based analysis to complex diseases, which will have broad use given that GWAS summary results are increasingly publicly available.
Attitudes of Australian Muslims and Australian Wider Community Towards Muslim Institutions
Authors: Diallo Ibrahima 
Published: September 2017

Abstract Islamic (community) schools and mosques are extremely important sites for religious education, language and culture maintenance and religious rituals and practices for a large number of Muslim Australians, These institutions remained significant and symbolic of Islamic identities despite rampant anti-Muslim sentiments: attacks and threats against Muslim institutions (mosques and Islamic schools) and individual members of the Muslim community and negative media portrayal. Despite these hostilities and tensions, a case study conducted in Adelaide and Darwin shows that the Muslim community holds the view that the attitudes of Australian wider community toward their institutions are mixed with more positive than negative attitudes for which they blamed the media. Abstrak Beberapa sekolah (komunitas) dan tempat peribadatan Islam merupakan bagian yang sangat penting untuk pendidikan keagamaan, pelestarian bahasa dan budaya, dan praktik keagamaan bagi hampir semua masyarakat muslim di Australia. Beberapa Rutinitas seperti ini masih signifikan dan menjadi simbol identitas bagi seorang muslim terlepas dari sikap sentimentil terhadap kaum muslim yang merajalela: seperti serangan dan ancaman terhadap institusi muslim (masjid dan sekolah islam), individu muslim itu sendiri dan penggambaran negatif terhadap islam itu sendiri. Terkait permusuhan dan ketegangan yang sedang terjadi saat ini, sebuah studi kasus yang dilakukan di Adelaide, dan Darwin mengemukakan bahwa komunitas muslim masih berpandangan bahwa sikap masyarakat Australia secara luas terhadap institusi mereka bercampur dengan sikap yang lebih positif daripada sikap negatif dari apa yang ditujukan oleh media. How to Cite : Dialo, I. (2017). Attitudes of Australian Muslims and Australian Wider Community Towards Muslim Institutions. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 4(1), 1-12. doi:10.15408/tjems.v4i1. 5830. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v4i1.5830
Clinical Pathway Produces Sustained Improvement in Acute Gastroenteritis Care
Authors: Rutman Lori , Klein Eileen J. , Brown Julie C. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Despite widespread use of the rotavirus vaccine in the last decade, dehydrating illnesses impact almost 2 billion children worldwide annually. Evidence supports oral rehydration therapy as a first-line treatment of mild to moderate dehydration. Ondansetron has proven to be a safe and effective adjunct in children with vomiting. We implemented a clinical pathway in our pediatric emergency department (ED) in January 2005 to improve care for this common condition. Our objective in this study was to determine the long-term impact of the pathway for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) on the proportion of patients receiving intravenous (IV) fluids and ED length of stay (LOS) for discharged patients.

METHODS:
Cases were identified by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. We used statistical process control to analyze process and outcome measures for 2 years before and 10 years after pathway implementation.

RESULTS:
We included 30 519 patients. We found special cause variation with a downward shift in patients receiving IV fluids after initiation of the pathway and later with addition of ondansetron to the pathway from 48% to 26%. Mean ED LOS for discharged patients with AGE decreased from 247 to 172 minutes. These improvements were sustained over time.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of a clinical pathway emphasizing oral rehydration therapy and ondansetron for children with AGE led to decreased IV fluid use and LOS in a pediatric ED. Improvements were sustained over a 10-year period. Our results suggest that quality-improvement interventions for AGE can have long-term impacts on care delivery.
Post-Up Study: Postpartum Depression Screening in Well-Child Care and Maternal Outcomes
Authors: van der Zee-van den Berg Angarath I. , Boere-Boonekamp Magda M. , Groothuis-Oudshoorn Catharina G.M. , IJzerman Maarten J. , Haasnoot-Smallegange Riet M.E. , Reijneveld Sijmen A. 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVES:
Postpartum depression often remains unaddressed. Screening in well-child care (WCC) may improve early detection, promote maternal recovery, and reduce effects on child development. We assessed the effectiveness of screening for postpartum depression in WCC compared with care as usual (CAU) on outcomes at mother and child levels.

METHODS:
In a prospective, quasiexperimental, comparative design, mothers visiting Dutch WCC centers were exposed either to screening at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum (n = 1843) or to CAU (n = 1246). Assessments were at 3 weeks (baseline), 9 months (the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), and 12 months (the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey, the Maternal Self-Efficacy in the Nurturing Role questionnaire, and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire–Social Emotional) postpartum.

RESULTS:
Significantly fewer mothers in the intervention group were depressed at 9 months postpartum compared with the CAU group (0.6% vs 2.5% for major depression). The adjusted odds ratio was 0.28 (95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.63; Cohen’s d, 0.70). For minor and major depression, figures were 3.0% vs 8.4%, and the adjusted odds ratio was 0.40 (95% confidence interval, 0.27 to 0.58; Cohen’s d, 0.51). For parenting, anxiety symptoms, and mental health functioning, the intervention resulted in effect sizes ranging from 0.23 to 0.27. The effect on the child's socioemotional development was negligible.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of screening for postpartum depression in WCC should be seriously considered given its positive effects on maternal mental health. The benefits of optimizing the trajectory after screening on maternal and child outcomes need further attention.
Relationships between Ear‐Leaf Nutrient Concentrations at Silking and Corn Biomass and Grain Yields at Maturity
Authors: Kovács Péter , Vyn Tony J. 
Published: September 2017

Ear‐leaf nutrient concentrations at silking correlated strongly with corn grain yield.
Ear‐leaf nutrient concentrations at silking correlated strongly with whole‐plant biomass.
Ear‐leaf N, P, S, Cu, and Fe concentrations explained most of the grain yield variation.
State recommendations for certain minimum nutrient concentrations may need adjustment.

Historically, corn (Zea mays L.) ear‐leaf N concentrations at mid‐silking have been positively correlated with grain yield (GY). Many state and regional fertilizer recommendations provide “nutrient sufficiency ranges” or threshold nutrient concentrations for N and other nutrients in ear leaves sampled at silk emergence, but these are based on studies conducted decades ago with much lower yielding hybrids grown at lower plant densities. In response to this potential knowledge gap, we collected corn ear‐leaf samples at mid‐silking in field studies conducted near West Lafayette, IN, from 2010 to 2016. These field studies involved comparisons of multiple hybrids, plant densities or tillage systems for their response to nutrient management alternatives (e.g., macronutrient rates, placement, and timing). The ear‐leaf samples were analyzed for nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, B, and Al), and each plot's nutrient concentration data were subjected to regression analysis to evaluate their relationship with plot level dry matter (DM) accumulation and GY responses. Variation in ear‐leaf N, P, S, and Cu concentrations explained >50%, while Fe explained >40%, of the variation in both GY and DM. These nutrients (N, P, S, Cu, and Fe) were also positively correlated with each other (Pearson r ranged from 0.46–0.89). However, ratios of ear‐leaf nutrient concentrations at silking consistently explained less of the GY variation than single nutrient concentrations. The overall relationships of ear‐leaf nutrient concentrations with GY suggests revisions in state recommendations for ear‐leaf “nutrient sufficiency” may be warranted for some nutrients.