bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putting Proportional Punishment into Perspective
Authors: Brown Coverdale Helen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMuch has been written about how we should understand proportional punishment. A standardised sentence may, in the presence of pre-existing disadvantage, produce morally significant additional harms. Others argue that modifying a standard punishment to avoid such harm is to show leniency in light of social disadvantage. I disagree: Where the standardised sentence can be amended to minimise unnecessary additional harms at a reasonable cost, while preserving a proportionate amount of punishment, the state has a duty to make the amendment. I articulate a partial reconstruction of proportionality calculations to put proportionality into perspective. Rather than disproportionate leniency, such variation is demanded by principles of political equality and by proportionality itself, if we take seriously the principle of punishing like cases alike.
Vom Konzept zur gelebten Kultur. ‚Beteiligungsbeauftragte‘ in der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe als Motor von Organisationsentwicklung?
Authors: Heyer Lea 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag für die Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ fokussiert auf das Handlungsfeld der stationären Hilfen zur Erziehung in Deutschland und rückt vor dem Hintergrund der jüngsten Reform des achten Sozialgesetzbuches einen Organisationsentwicklungsprozess zur Implementierung der Beteiligung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in den Mittelpunkt. Leitend ist die Frage, welchen Beitrag die interne Weiterbildung von Fachkräften bei einem freien Träger der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe zur Entwicklung einer partizipativen Organisationskultur leisten kann. Das Beteiligungskonzept der Organisation sowie das daran anknüpfende Fortbildungsdesign werden beschrieben und mithilfe einer systematischen Praxisbeobachtung der Erfahrungen teilnehmender Fachkräfte anhand kritischer Anfragen aus der Beteiligungsforschung diskutiert. In ihrer Rolle als „Beteiligungsbeauftragte“ können die Fachkräfte als interne Berater:innen verstanden werden, die durch aktuelles Fachwissen und einen hohen Grad der internen Vernetzung eine wichtige Rolle bei der Umsetzung des Rechtsanspruchs auf Beteiligung im organisationalen Alltag der Erziehungshilfen spielen können.
Media politics in Japan: News journalism between interdependence, integrity, and influence
Authors: Buchmeier Yosuke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough Japan is generally considered a liberal democracy with a free press, concerns about media independence have repeatedly been raised. The World Press Freedom Index ranks Japan last among G7 nations. One of the major reasons for its performance lies in a deep-rooted entanglement of the mainstream media with the political establishment, which is said to promote a climate of self-censorship and impede courageous, critical journalism. While the government-approved reporters’ clubs (“kisha clubs”) are often cited as lying at the heart of the problem, there are other relevant structural and historically grown factors hindering the improvement of press freedom: Despite theoretical constitutional protection, media governance in Japan does not provide an adequate framework for journalistic independence; furthermore, revolving door politics, editorial interventions and informal arrangements are well-established practices inside the sphere of media and politics. Nevertheless, there have been those critical moments when the mainstream media, in fact, influenced the course of politics. Setting out from the present condition of media democracy in Japan, this article traces back the historical roots of the seemingly firmly ingrained relationship between journalism and the state. Thereby, it portrays the ambivalent interdependence between the media and politics, and the dilemmatic tension between journalistic integrity, economic interests, and political influence. Finally, it explains why the current hegemony of the legacy media in the public sphere may eventually face a silent, but profound transformation in light of digitization and advancements in artificial intelligence.
A retrospective audit of audiology encounters in patients undergoing Cisplatin treatment at a large Australian tertiary cancer care centre
Authors: Lester Georgia M. , Wilson Wayne J. , Timmer Barbra H. B. , Ladwa Rahul M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To identify the number and timing of audiology encounters for adult oncology patients in a tertiary care setting in Australia.

Setting (population)
A retrospective case review was completed for 149 patients who received Cisplatin chemotherapy (CT) at a large, publicly funded tertiary hospital in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia between 1st January and 31st December 2019. Patient data was extracted from the Queensland Oncology Repository (QOR) provided by Cancer Alliance Queensland (CAQ).

Results
The number of audiology encounters was low overall with a median of 0 and interquartile range (IQR) of 0–1. Of the entire patient cohort, there was a mean of 1.2 encounters with 56% of patients not engaging with audiology. Where audiology did occur, encounters were most likely before or early in the CT treatment period.

Conclusions
This study has demonstrated engagement with audiology services for patients undergoing CT treatment was limited with the few audiology engagements occurring before or early in the CT treatment period. Further research is needed to identify the barriers and facilitators to accessing audiological ototoxic monitoring (OtoM) during chemotherapy treatment in hospitals in Australia.

Implications for cancer survivors
Early identification of ototoxic hearing loss offers the opportunity to minimise further exposure to the ototoxic agent, minimise functional and communication impacts for the patient and provide early opportunity for discussion, education and counselling with patients, carers and their treating team. This, in turn, is expected to improve health related quality of life.
“Such a different type of tiredness”: people with brain tumour, their caregivers’, and healthcare professionals’ qualitative perceptions of cancer-related fatigue
Authors: Campbell R. , Shaw J. M. , Carlick T. , Banks H. , Faris M. M. , Jeon M. S. , Legge D. M. , Foster C. , Leonard R. , Chan R. J. , Agar M. R. , Miller A. , Dhillon H. M. ,   for the BRAINS Investigator Group
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common symptoms reported by people with primary brain tumour (BT). Previous research predominantly examined CRF using quantitative assessments, failing to capture the rich insight garnered from exploring individuals’ lived experiences. We addressed this gap by qualitatively exploring people with BTs’ experiences of CRF.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with people with BT, their caregivers, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) who care for them. Interviews explored the experience, impact, and management of CRF, including types of support provided by HCPs. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Forty participants were interviewed (24 people with BT, 5 caregivers, 11 HCPs). Qualitative analysis identified four themes: pervasiveness of CRF; impacts of CRF; advice and support; and self-management strategies. CRF was described as an almost universal symptom with physical, emotional, and cognitive aspects and profound psychosocial and functional impacts. HCPs reported assessing fatigue and providing management support. Yet, people with BT and caregivers reported CRF assessment and support were rarely received. Consequently, people with BT developed their own management strategies. All participants identified a lack of CRF information resources and interventions specific to people with BT.

Conclusion
Our findings provide rich insight into the pervasive, debilitating impact of CRF in people with BT and highlight the lack of BT-specific CRF support and information available.

Implications for cancer survivors
There is a critical need for evidence-based fatigue interventions and information resources tailored to the needs of people with BT.
Core Potentials: The Consensus Segmentation Conjecture
Authors: Santiago Arguello Anahy , Scholz Guillaume E. , Stadler Peter F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSegmentations are partitions of an ordered set into non-overlapping intervals. The Consensus Segmentation or Segmentation Aggregation problem is a special case of the median problems with applications in time series analysis and computational biology. A wide range of dissimilarity measures for segmentations can be expressed in terms of potentials, a special type of set-functions. In this contribution, we shed more light on the properties of potentials, and how such properties affect the solutions of the Consensus Segmentation problem. In particular, we disprove a conjecture stated in 2021, and we provide further insights into the theoretical foundations of the problem.
Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Atherosclerosis: Exploring New Opportunities for Treatment
Authors: d’Aiello Alessia , Filomia Simone , Brecciaroli Mattia , Sanna Tommaso , Pedicino Daniela , Liuzzo Giovanna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
This review discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in the immuno-pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects of approved cardiovascular therapies and the available evidence on immunomodulatory therapies for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). We highlight the importance of clinical and translational research in identifying molecular mechanisms and discovering new therapeutic targets.

Recent Findings
The CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study) trial was the first to demonstrate a reduction in cardiovascular (CV) risk with anti-inflammatory therapy, irrespective of serum lipid levels.

Summary
ACVD is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although targeting principal risk factors significantly reduces CV risk, residual risk remains unaddressed. The immunological mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis represent attractive therapeutic targets. Several commonly used and non-primarily anti-inflammatory drugs (i.e. SGLT2i, and PCSK9i) exhibit pleiotropic properties. Otherwise, recent trials have investigated the blockade of primarily inflammatory compounds, trying to lower the residual risk via low-dose IL-2, PTPN22 and CD31 pathway modulation. In the era of precision medicine, modern approaches may explore new pharmacological targets, identify new markers of vascular inflammation, and evaluate therapeutic responses.
Beat Policing and its Efficacy in Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP)
Authors: Patwary Mujib Ahmmad , Banarjee Subrata 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt has been almost a decade since the beat policing program was launched in Dhaka. It is a unique way for the police to reach citizen before their call. At the beginning of 2011, the Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) launched beat policing in the capital to extend their service to civilians, reaching out to them closer and ensuring the accountability of police. The study’s primary objectives were to unearth causes thwarting its efficacy and suggest necessary remedies. This study was based on a quantitative and partially qualitative method; a non-probability purposive sampling was used to conduct the studies in four different police stations (8% PS) covered purposively. DMP employed beat policing to create a cordial and cooperative relationship between police and general people, ensure a safe environment for children and women, extend services to the poor and underprivileged, take preventive actions against crime, and collect information about various crimes around the city. The main findings of the study are as follows: (a) City dwellers have no clear idea about beat policing, but 55% of responders know at least their beat number, but the significant finding is that 63% of citizens said that the law and order situation has more improved after introducing the beat policing program; (b) public expectations of the beat officer are slightly adverse; (c) most of the service users recommended to increase publicity about beat policing; (d) half of the citizens reported the conduct of beat police as very friendly; (e) 93% responders said that they have never needed any payoffs to a beat policeman; (f) 93% beat police personnel claim that they regularly performed their duty. A few respondents said that their inconvenience was due to lack of workforce, logistics, job stress, and overload duty. They hope that police authority should make an additional allowance for their beat policing program.
Extracellular Volume and Fibrosis Volume of Left Ventricular Myocardium Assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients with a History of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Gać Paweł , Hajdusianek Wojciech , Żórawik Aleksandra , Poręba Małgorzata , Poręba Rafał 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) enables the assessment of tissue characteristics of the myocardium. Changes in the extracellular volume (ECV) and fibrosis volume (FV) of the myocardium are sensitive and early pathogenetic markers and have prognostic significance. The aim of the study was to assess ECV and FV of left ventricular myocardium in T1 mapping sequence in patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, considering vaccination status against COVID-19. The study group consisted of 97 patients (52.54 ± 8.31 years, 53% women and 47% men). The participants were divided into three subgroups: A) patients with a history of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, unvaccinated against COVID-19 (n = 39), B) patients with a history of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a full vaccination schedule against COVID-19 (n = 22), and C) persons without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection constituting the control subgroup (C, n = 36). All patients underwent 1.5 T cardiac magnetic resonance. In subgroup A compared to subgroups B and C, both the ECV whole myocardium and ECV segments 2, 5–6, 8, and 10–11 were statistically significantly higher. In addition, the ECV segment 16 was statistically significantly higher in subgroup A than in subgroup C. Also, the FV whole myocardium was statistically significantly higher in subgroup A in comparison to subgroups B and C. There were no significant differences in ECV and FV between subgroups B and C. In summary, unvaccinated against COVID-19 patients with a history of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection have higher myocardial ECV and FV values in the T1 mapping sequence, compared to those without COVID-19 and those suffering from COVID-19, previously vaccinated with the full vaccination schedule.
Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism is not associated with cardiometabolic alterations
Authors: Barale Marco , Maiorino Federica , Pusterla Alessia , Fraire Federica , Sauro Lorenzo , Presti Michela , Sagone Noemi , Ghigo Ezio , Arvat Emanuela , Procopio Massimo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cardiometabolic disorders are non-classical complications of hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (HC-PHPT), but whether this risk connotes normocalcemic PHPT (NC-PHPT) remains to be elucidated. We investigated cardiometabolic alterations in both forms of PHPT, looking for their association with indices of disease activity.

Methods
Patients with HC-PHPT (n = 17), NC-PHPT (n = 17), and controls (n = 34) matched for age, sex, and BMI were assessed for glucose, lipid, blood pressure alterations, and history of cardiovascular events to perform a case–control study at an ambulatory referral center for Bone Metabolism Diseases.

Results
NC-PHPT, in comparison to controls, showed similar glucose (mean ± SD, 88 ± 11 vs 95 ± 22 mg/dl), total cholesterol (199 ± 25 vs 207 ± 36 mg/dl), and systolic blood pressure levels (SBP, 132 ± 23 vs 132 ± 19 mmHg), together with a comparable frequency of glucose alterations (6% vs 9%), lipid disorders (41% vs 50%) and hypertension (53% vs 59%, p = NS for all comparisons). Conversely, all these abnormalities were more prevalent in HC-PHPT vs controls (p < 0.05). When compared to NC-PHPT, HC-PHPT showed higher glucose (113 ± 31 mg/dl), total cholesterol (238 ± 43 mg/dl), and SBP levels (147 ± 15 mmHg) as well as an increased frequency of glucose (41%) and lipid alterations (77%) and a higher number of cardiovascular events (18% vs 0%, p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Among indices of PHPT activity, calcium levels displayed a significant correlation with glucose (R = 0.46) and SBP values (R = 0.60, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
NC-PHPT is not associated with cardiovascular alterations. The predominant pathogenetic role of hypercalcemia in the development of cardiometabolic disorders could account for the absence of such alterations in NC-PHPT.
Vor dem Stadion, auf dem Platz, auf der Tribüne
Authors: Isenberg Tim , Thole Werner 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungIn dem Beitrag wird auf die gesellschaftliche Bedeutung des Sports und insbesondere des Fußballs hingewiesen. Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass Projekte der Fußballfangruppenarbeit und der Sozialen Arbeit sich nicht durchgehend aufeinander beziehen, wird für engere Kooperationen plädiert.
Mental well-being of sexual minority individuals: Exploring the role of intraminority stress
Authors: Assink Mark , Bos Henny M. W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe recently posed intraminority gay community stress theory states that sexual minority (SM) men may experience stress within their community resulting in lower levels of mental well-being. However, only few quantitative studies have evaluated this theory, and none of these studies examined the impact of intraminority stress on the mental well-being of SM female populations. In Dutch-speaking SM individuals who were assigned male at birth (N = 293) and SM individuals who were assigned female at birth (N = 527), this exploratory study examined associations between the four facets of intraminority stress and five mental health symptoms. When controlling for demographics and minority stress, intraminority stress was positively associated with psychological distress, body dissatisfaction, and interpersonal awareness in both SM male and SM female individuals, while positive associations with timidity were only found in the latter. As for the intraminority stress facets, particularly the SM community’s focus on competition and exclusion of social diversity seem to impact the mental well-being of SM individuals. The results support the notion that intraminority stress – along with minority stress – has important value in explaining mental health problems in SM male and SM female populations. Future research may examine how intraminority stress relates to the protective effects of community connectedness and having a sense of belonging, and to what extent and how intraminority stress should be addressed in interventions for stress-sensitive mental health symptoms in SM populations.
Can AI Get a Degree in Geoscience? Performance Analysis of a GPT-Based Artificial Intelligence System Trained for Earth Science (GeologyOracle)
Authors: Baucon Andrea , de Carvalho Carlos Neto 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGenerative artificial intelligence systems based on the GPT model have shown groundbreaking capabilities in producing scientific texts, revolutionising how geoscientists research and teach. However, there is a noticeable absence of generative AI systems tailored specifically for geoscience, and the efficacy of GPT technology has not been examined within the Earth Science realm. To fill these gaps, we propose a new artificial intelligence system (GeologyOracle) built upon the GPT-4o model and trained on Earth Science data. It is designed to simulate a conversation with a geoscientist, having the capabilities to analyse geologic datasets, suggest new geoscience hypotheses, explain Earth-Science concepts, and interpret geosites. To evaluate the performance of GeologyOracle, the system was tested with 152 geoscience questions provided and evaluated by a panel of geoscience academics on a scale of 0–10. Performance analysis revealed that 79.6% of the answers scored equal to or above the passing mark of 5, with a tendency to deliver high-quality responses (mean: 6.5; median = 7; interquartile range: 5–8). The results demonstrate that GeologyOracle is effective in performing complex geoscience tasks, such as identifying rocks, fossils, and minerals, and interpreting outcrop, core data, and quantitative datasets. The new AI system has exhibited noteworthy ability in the interpretation of internationally-acknowledged geosites situated within geoparks and nature reserves. The performance of the AI system is comparable to that of trained geoscience specialists, suggesting its potential as an assistant in various geoscience fields, including structural geology, palaeontology, geomorphology, sedimentology, and economic geology. While AI does not render geoscientists obsolete, it offers significant potential for accelerating scientific discovery, automating geoscience research, and assisting educators, students, and geotourists.
New Biorefinery Approach for the Valorization of Fruit Processing Waste at a Local Scale: Pomegranate Pomace as Case Study
Authors: Maggiore Irene , Setti Leonardo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe processing of fruit and vegetables generates globally high amount of organic waste, which is suitable to be valorized because of the chemistry it encloses. Conventional treatment methods for waste biomass generate low value products and cause climate altering emissions. Small biorefineries are valid alternatives for the sustainable waste biomass conversion, but their feasibility is strictly related to the use of low-energy process, and the market positioning of the final product. The present work provides an innovative approach for the green conversion of vegetable waste into high value product, with the aim to encourage the deployment of biorefinery at a local scale. It involves the enzymatic disassimilation of plant cell wall into chemicals with specific functions, and their recombination in form of emulsion, as a product prototype for food and cosmetic sector. To explain the biorefinery model, we applied it to pomegranate pomace, the residue from juicing, for the recovery of oil, pectin and antioxidant molecules via enzyme assisted extraction. The process left behind 30% of the initial solid waste. Finally, the dispersion of pomegranate oil into pomegranate pectin solution as emulsifier, brought to a novel emulsion, 98.9% waste-derived, further functionalizable with pomegranate exocarp hydrolysate with high antioxidant capacity.
Graphical Abstract
On (p, q)-eigenvalues of the weighted p-Laplace operator in outward Hölder cuspidal domains
Authors: Garain Prashanta , Pchelintsev Valerii , Ukhlov Alexander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we will study Neumann (p, q)-eigenvalue problem for the weighted p-Laplace operator in outward Hölder cuspidal domains. The suggested method is based on the composition operators on weighted Sobolev spaces.