bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coral in Petrus Hispanus’ ‘Treasury of the Poor’
Authors: Barroso Maria Do Sameiro 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Coral features among the
naturalia
in the Cabinets of Curiosities in which, from the sixteenth century onwards, nobles and wealthy people exhibited their exotic riches and jewels. Petrus Hispanus (
c.
1215–77), consecrated Pope John XXI, was also a doctor. This paper surveys the importance of coral as an amulet and a medicine in Petrus Hispanus’ work within the folklore and the medical traditions of the time and in the framework of ancient lithotherapy, bringing the therapeutic use of coral into relationship with its chemical compound calcium carbonate.
Muscle metabolic and neuromuscular determinants of fatigue during cycling in different exercise intensity domains
Authors: Black Matthew I. , Jones Andrew M. , Blackwell Jamie R. , Bailey Stephen J. , Wylie Lee J. , McDonagh Sinead T. J. , Thompson Christopher , Kelly James , Sumners Paul , Mileva Katya N. , Bowtell Joanna L. , Vanhatalo Anni 
Published: December 2016

Lactate or gas exchange threshold (GET) and critical power (CP) are closely associated with human exercise performance. We tested the hypothesis that the limit of tolerance (Tlim) during cycle exercise performed within the exercise intensity domains demarcated by GET and CP is linked to discrete muscle metabolic and neuromuscular responses. Eleven men performed a ramp incremental exercise test, 4–5 severe-intensity (SEV; >CP) constant-work-rate (CWR) tests until Tlim, a heavy-intensity (HVY; <CP but >GET) CWR test until Tlim, and a moderate-intensity (MOD; <GET) CWR test until Tlim. Muscle biopsies revealed that a similar ( P > 0.05) muscle metabolic milieu (i.e., low pH and [PCr] and high [lactate]) was attained at Tlim (approximately 2–14 min) for all SEV exercise bouts. The muscle metabolic perturbation was greater at Tlim following SEV compared with HVY, and also following SEV and HVY compared with MOD (all P < 0.05). The normalized M-wave amplitude for the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle decreased to a similar extent following SEV (−38 ± 15%), HVY (−68 ± 24%), and MOD (−53 ± 29%), ( P > 0.05). Neural drive to the VL increased during SEV (4 ± 4%; P < 0.05) but did not change during HVY or MOD ( P > 0.05). During SEV and HVY, but not MOD, the rates of change in M-wave amplitude and neural drive were correlated with changes in muscle metabolic ([PCr], [lactate]) and blood ionic/acid-base status ([lactate], [K+]) ( P < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that the metabolic and neuromuscular determinants of fatigue development differ according to the intensity domain in which the exercise is performed. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The gas exchange threshold and the critical power demarcate discrete exercise intensity domains. For the first time, we show that the limit of tolerance during whole-body exercise within these domains is characterized by distinct metabolic and neuromuscular responses. Fatigue development during exercise greater than critical power is associated with the attainment of consistent “limiting” values of muscle metabolites, whereas substrate availability and limitations to muscle activation may constrain performance at lower intensities.
Immune Cytolytic Activity Stratifies Molecular Subsets of Human Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Balli David , Rech Andrew J. , Stanger Ben Z. , Vonderheide Robert H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPurpose: Immunotherapy has the potential to improve the dismal prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), but clinical trials, including those with single-agent PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibition, have been disappointing. Our aim was to examine the immune landscape of PDA as it relates to aspects of tumor biology, including neoepitope burden.Experimental Design: We used publicly available expression data from 134 primary resection PDA samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas to stratify patients according to a cytolytic T-cell activity expression index. We correlated cytolytic immune activity with mutational, structural, and neoepitope features of the tumor.Results: Human PDA displays a range of intratumoral cytolytic T-cell activity. PDA tumors with low cytolytic activity exhibited significantly increased copy number alterations, including recurrent amplifications of MYC and NOTCH2 and recurrent deletions and mutations of CDKN2A/B. In sharp contrast to other tumor types, high cytolytic activity in PDA did not correlate with increased mutational burden or neoepitope load (MHC class I and class II). Cytolytic-high tumors exhibited increased expression of multiple immune checkpoint genes compared to cytolytic-low tumors, except for PD-L1 expression, which was uniformly low.Conclusions: These data identify a subset of human PDA with high cytolytic T-cell activity. Rather than being linked to mutation burden or neoepitope load, immune activation indices in PDA were inversely linked to genomic alterations, suggesting that intrinsic oncogenic processes drive immune inactivity in human PDA. Furthermore, these data highlight the potential importance of immune checkpoints other than PD-L1/PD-1 as therapeutic targets in this lethal disease. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3129–38. ©2016 AACR.
A realidade flutuante em "Insônia"
Authors: Moura Edilson Dias 
Published: December 2016

O início do século XX marca, tanto na História como nas artes, o princípio de transformações profundas em todas as instâncias das sociedades. Este ensaio discute como é possível que as chamadas vanguardas, ou o Modernismo, estejam presentes na obra de um autor como Graciliano Ramos, mesmo tendo este manifestado pouco interesse por movimentos dessa natureza. A resposta, a nosso ver, seria o próprio contexto histórico da produção artística, de qual nenhum autor àquela altura podia prescindir, tampouco não tirar dele suas experiências práticas de realização.
Em nome do bem
Authors: Nogueira Roberto Círio 
Published: December 2016

O artigo apresenta um estudo comparativo entre o episódio da guerra deflagrada pelo personagem Zé Bebelo, em Grande sertão: veredas, de Guimarães Rosa, e os atentados cometidos pelo narrador-protagonista do conto “O cobrador”, de Rubem Fonseca. Com relação ao primeiro, pretende-se demonstrar sua compreensão idealizada da modernidade, segundo a qual a redenção da condição miserável dos sertanejos só seria possível através de uma revolução que impusesse a ordem republicana no sertão. Já com a análise de “O cobrador”, tencionamos explicitar a dissimulação com a qual o narrador se descreve como quem luta por uma sociedade mais igualitária; objetivo que, à semelhança do ocorrido com Zé Bebelo, também não é alcançado. A frustração dos ideais de ambos os personagens articula-se, por sua vez, a uma imagem de desigualdade social, que aproxima os textos de ambos os autores, justificando a abordagem comparativa.
Paralelismos entre o conto brasileiro da Caipora e o conto turco de Depegöz
Authors: Pinto Marco Syrayama de 
Published: December 2016

Muito se escreveu acerca de vários aspectos da epopeia grega Odisseia, de Homero. Entretanto, suas influências, ou melhor, paralelismos com contos de outros países foram menos investigados. Neste estudo, confrontamos o conto de Depegöz, contido no ciclo épico turco chamado Dede Korkut Oğuznameleri, traduzido como O livro de Dede Korkut, com um conto brasileiro recolhido no interior do estado de São Paulo. Quanto a qual seja o conto original, se o turco ou o grego, ou mesmo outro, só restam conjecturas.
O jogo do olhar feminino em "Minha gente" de Guimarães Rosa
Authors: Branco Ana Lúcia 
Published: December 2016

This essay aims to cover the game of perception in the story “Minha Gente”, Sagarana (1946), from the feminine point of view of Maria Irma. We believe that in her interpersonal relationships - family/business, friendship, love - the character exerts a subtle articulation of pieces, to be verisimilar with a strong lexicon in the story (that of chess), that aims for her personal interest as well as for her family/social interests. With this trait Maria Irma approaches some of the mythical figures of the Western culture. Sly and cunning, she demonstrates a subjectivity of gender, which is partially distinct from the one usually learned in the patriarchal tradition, marked by a greater submissionof the woman. However, the seduction game that is revealed in this narrative aims at maintaining and preserving male hegemony and the patriarchal politics. In the proposal defended here,Maria Irma can represent the tension between the progress and the withdrawal of the female gender in Rosa’s fiction, oscillating between stating her desire and ensuring the familiar status quo.
Current distribution and conservation status of Bhutan Takin Budorcas whitei Lydekker, 1907 (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)
Authors: Sangay Tiger , Rajaratnam Rajanathan , Vernes Karl 
Published: December 2016

The Bhutan Takin Budorcas whitei Lydekker, 1907 is endemic to Bhutan and it is categorized as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. While the other Takin species have been studied in China (Golden Takin B. bedfordi; Sichuan Takin B. tibetana) and India (Mishmi Takin B. taxicolor), only one study has focused on the Bhutan Takin. In this paper, we report the current distribution and conservation status of the Bhutan Takin using the information gathered through field surveys, interviews and unpublished reports. Bhutan Takin are seasonal migrants, occurring between 1500–5550 m, preferring areas in close proximity to river valleys and geothermal outlets (hot springs). Takin avoid areas that are disturbed by road construction and power transmission lines, and where they have to compete for forage with domestic livestock. Takin conservation in Bhutan requires: (1) a commitment to reduce disturbances from domestic livestock through better herding and animal husbandry practices, (2) environmentally friendly road construction, inclusive of wildlife corridors, (3) establishment of satellite offices and regularizing anti-poaching patrol systems, (4) development of education programs to enlist support for Takin conservation, and (5) encouragement of more research on the ecology and management needs of the species.
Brown Adipose Tissue Regulates Small Artery Function Through NADPH Oxidase 4–Derived Hydrogen Peroxide and Redox-Sensitive Protein Kinase G-1α
Authors: Friederich-Persson Malou , Nguyen Dinh Cat Aurelie , Persson Patrik , Montezano Augusto C. , Touyz Rhian M. 
Published: December 2016

Objective—
Biomedical interest in brown adipose tissue (BAT) has increased since the discovery of functionally active BAT in adult humans. Although white adipose tissue (WAT) influences vascular function, vascular effects of BAT are elusive. Thus, we investigated the regulatory role and putative vasoprotective effects of BAT, focusing on hydrogen peroxide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Nox4), and redox-sensitive signaling.

Approach and Results—

Vascular reactivity was assessed in wild-type and Nox4-knockout mice (Nox4
−/−
) by wire myography in the absence and presence of perivascular adipose tissue of different phenotypes from various adipose depots: (1) mixed WAT/BAT (inguinal adipose tissue) and (2) WAT (epididymal visceral fat) and BAT (intrascapular fat). In wild-type mice, epididymal visceral fat and perivascular adipose tissue increased EC
50
to noradrenaline without affecting maximum contraction. BAT increased EC
50
and significantly decreased maximum contraction, which were prevented by a hydrogen peroxide scavenger (polyethylene glycated catalase) and a specific cyclic GMP–dependent protein kinase G type-1α inhibitor (DT-3), but not by inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase or guanylate cyclase. BAT induced dimerization of cyclic GMP–dependent protein kinase G type-1α and reduced phosphorylation of myosin light chain phosphatase subunit 1 and myosin light chain 20. BAT from Nox4-knockout mice displayed reduced hydrogen peroxide levels and no anticontractile effects. Perivascular adipose tissue from β
3
agonist–treated mice displayed browned perivascular adipose tissue and an increased anticontractile effect.

Conclusions—
We identify a novel vasoprotective action of BAT through an anticontractile effect that is mechanistically different to WAT. Specifically, BAT, via Nox4-derived hydrogen peroxide, induces cyclic GMP–dependent protein kinase G type-1α activation, resulting in reduced vascular contractility. BAT may constitute an interesting therapeutic target to restore vascular function and prevent vascular complications in cardiovascular diseases.
Differences in Acute Ischemic Stroke Quality of Care and Outcomes by Primary Stroke Center Certification Organization
Authors: Man Shumei , Cox Margueritte , Patel Puja , Smith Eric E. , Reeves Mathew J. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Xian Ying , Schwamm Lee H. , Fonarow Gregg C. 
Published: December 2016

Background and Purpose—
Primary stroke center (PSC) certification was established to identify hospitals providing evidence-based care for stroke patients. The numbers of PSCs certified by Joint Commission (JC), Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program, Det Norske Veritas, and State-based agencies have significantly increased in the past decade. This study aimed to evaluate whether PSCs certified by different organizations have similar quality of care and in-hospital outcomes.

Methods—
The study population consisted of acute ischemic stroke patients who were admitted to PSCs participating in Get With The Guidelines-Stroke between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2012. Measures of care quality and outcomes were compared among the 4 different PSC certifications.

Results—

A total of 477 297 acute ischemic stroke admissions were identified from 977 certified PSCs (73.8% JC, 3.7% Det Norske Veritas, 1.2% Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program, and 21.3% State-based). Composite care quality was generally similar among the 4 groups of hospitals, although State-based PSCs underperformed JC PSCs in a few key measures, including intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator use. The rates of tissue-type plasminogen activator use were higher in JC and Det Norske Veritas (9.0% and 9.8%) and lower in State and Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program certified hospitals (7.1% and 5.9%) (
P
<0.0001). Door-to-needle times were significantly longer in Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program hospitals. State PSCs had higher in-hospital risk-adjusted mortality (odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence intervals 1.07–1.41) compared with JC PSCs.

Conclusions—
Among Get With The Guidelines-Stroke hospitals with PSC certification, acute ischemic stroke quality of care and outcomes may differ according to which organization provided certification. These findings may have important implications for further improving systems of care.
Arterial Obstruction on Computed Tomographic or Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Response to Intravenous Thrombolytics in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mair Grant , von Kummer Rüdiger , Adami Alessandro , White Philip M. , Adams Matthew E. , Yan Bernard , Demchuk Andrew M. , Farrall Andrew J. , Sellar Robin J. , Sakka Eleni , Palmer Jeb , Perry David , Lindley Richard I. , Sandercock Peter A.G. , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: December 2016

Background and Purpose—
Computed tomographic angiography and magnetic resonance angiography are used increasingly to assess arterial patency in patients with ischemic stroke. We determined which baseline angiography features predict response to intravenous thrombolytics in ischemic stroke using randomized controlled trial data.

Methods—
We analyzed angiograms from the IST-3 (Third International Stroke Trial), an international, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial of intravenous alteplase. Readers, masked to clinical, treatment, and outcome data, assessed prerandomization computed tomographic angiography and magnetic resonance angiography for presence, extent, location, and completeness of obstruction and collaterals. We compared angiography findings to 6-month functional outcome (Oxford Handicap Scale) and tested for interactions with alteplase, using ordinal regression in adjusted analyses. We also meta-analyzed all available angiography data from other randomized controlled trials of intravenous thrombolytics.

Results—

In IST-3, 300 patients had prerandomization angiography (computed tomographic angiography=271 and magnetic resonance angiography=29). On multivariable analysis, more extensive angiographic obstruction and poor collaterals independently predicted poor outcome (
P
<0.01). We identified no significant interaction between angiography findings and alteplase effect on Oxford Handicap Scale (
P
≥0.075) in IST-3. In meta-analysis (5 trials of alteplase or desmoteplase, including IST-3, n=591), there was a significantly increased benefit of thrombolytics on outcome (odds ratio>1 indicates benefit) in patients with (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–3.64;
P
=0.011) versus without (odds ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–1.35;
P
=0.566) arterial obstruction (
P
for interaction 0.017).

Conclusions—
Intravenous thrombolytics provide benefit to stroke patients with computed tomographic angiography or magnetic resonance angiography evidence of arterial obstruction, but the sample was underpowered to demonstrate significant treatment benefit or harm among patients with apparently patent arteries.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.isrctn.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN25765518.
How to Limit Accommodations
Authors: Helfand Michael A. 
Published: December 2016

In recent years, the United States has seen a resurgence of debates over the propriety of various religious accommodations afforded religious individuals and institutions from otherwise valid laws. The crumbling consensus over religious accommodations appears largely due to growing skepticism over whether religious accommodations, once granted, can be limited to the “right” kind of cases without bleeding into the “wrong” kind of cases. Some courts and scholars have responded to these growing worries by proposing limits on the scope of legally recognized accommodationist claims; for example, some have argued that commercial entities should, per se, be denied claims for religious accommodation and others have argued that claims for accommodation should not be granted where the theological burden is deemed by a court to be de minimis or non-existent. By limiting the types of recognized accommodationist claims, such arguments hope to prevent religious objections from trumping other important rights and values; if the claims never get off the ground, so the logic goes, there is no need to worry about their potential consequences.
This tactic, however, stands on dangerous footing. At bottom, such arguments put government in the position of giving unequal weight and credence to claims for accommodation based upon religious and theological criteria, thereby creating inequalities among religious claims. As an alternative strategy, courts should avoid threshold doctrinal tests for accommodation claims; instead courts should explicitly balance religious claims against important government interests in order to determine whether or not to grant an accommodation. Such an alternative approach pulls courts out of the business of distinguishing between different types of religious claims, encouraging them instead to impose limits on religious accommodation by directly considering governmental interests, precisely the type of inquiry courts are well-equipped to address.
N-acetylcysteine in preclinical mouse and baboon models of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Tersteeg Claudia , Roodt Jan , Van Rensburg Walter J. , Dekimpe Charlotte , Vandeputte Nele , Pareyn Inge , Vandenbulcke Aline , Plaimauer Barbara , Lamprecht Seb , Deckmyn Hans , Lopez José A. , De Meyer Simon F. , Vanhoorelbeke Karen 
Published: December 2016

Key Points
Prophylactic administration of NAC was effective in preventing severe TTP signs in mice by reducing the VWF multimer size. In both mice and baboons, NAC was not effective in resolving preexisting TTP signs, as thrombus resolution could not be achieved.
The evolution of hierarchical triple star-systems
Authors: Toonen Silvia , Hamers Adrian , Portegies Zwart Simon 
Published: December 2016

AbstractField stars are frequently formed in pairs, and many of these binaries are part of triples or even higher-order systems. Even though, the principles of single stellar evolution and binary evolution, have been accepted for a long time, the long-term evolution of stellar triples is poorly understood. The presence of a third star in an orbit around a binary system can significantly alter the evolution of those stars and the binary system. The rich dynamical behaviour in three-body systems can give rise to Lidov-Kozai cycles, in which the eccentricity of the inner orbit and the inclination between the inner and outer orbit vary periodically. In turn, this can lead to an enhancement of tidal effects (tidal friction), gravitational-wave emission and stellar interactions such as mass transfer and collisions. The lack of a self-consistent treatment of triple evolution, including both three-body dynamics as well as stellar evolution, hinders the systematic study and general understanding of the long-term evolution of triple systems. In this paper, we aim to address some of these hiatus, by discussing the dominant physical processes of hierarchical triple evolution, and presenting heuristic recipes for these processes. To improve our understanding on hierarchical stellar triples, these descriptions are implemented in a public source code , which combines three-body dynamics (based on the secular approach) with stellar evolution and their mutual influences. Note that modelling through a phase of stable mass transfer in an eccentric orbit is currently not implemented in , but can be implemented with the appropriate methodology at a later stage.
Pubertal Progression and Reproductive Hormones in Healthy Girls With Transient Thelarche
Authors: Lindhardt Johansen Marie , Hagen Casper P. , Mieritz Mikkel G. , Wolthers Ole D. , Heuck Carsten , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Juul Anders 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Context:
Detailed evaluation of pubertal progression in girls from longitudinal studies is sparse, and the phenomenon of transient thelarche (TT), defined as the appearance, regression, and subsequent reappearance of breast buds, in healthy girls remains undescribed.

Objective:
To describe TT in terms of pubertal progression, growth, genotypes, and reproductive hormones and to apply new puberty nomograms for breast stages, pubic hair, and menarche.

Design:
A prospective, longitudinal population-based study.

Patients or Other Participants:
Ninety-eight healthy Danish schoolchildren (Caucasian girls) followed longitudinally as part of the COPENHAGEN Puberty Study were included in the evaluation of TT. A total of 1466 girls from 2 cross-sectional studies were included in the creation of the puberty nomograms.

Intervention(s):
None.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Pubertal progression, specifically thelarche, reproductive hormones, genotype, and growth.

Results:
Twelve of 98 (12%) girls experienced TT. A larger proportion of girls with TT entered puberty by the pubarche pathway (50%) compared with girls with normal progression (15.4%), P = 0.014. Girls with TT progressed through puberty normally when evaluated using puberty nomograms. Reproductive hormones and growth velocity were lower at the first (transient) thelarche than the second (permanent) thelarche.

Conclusion:
TT is a frequent phenomenon that appears to be a peripheral occurrence independent of central puberty. It does not appear to affect subsequent pubertal progression as evaluated by our new puberty nomograms.