bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex and Size Disparities in Access to Liver Transplant for Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cron David C. , Mazur Rafal D. , Bhan Irun , Adler Joel T. , Yeh Heidi 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceWomen on the liver transplant waiting list are less likely to undergo a transplant than men. Recent approaches to resolving this disparity have involved adjustments to Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scoring, but this will not affect candidates who rely on exception scores rather than calculated MELD score, the majority of whom have hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between female sex, candidate size, and access to liver transplant among wait-listed patients with HCC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used US transplant registry data of all adult (aged ≥18 years) wait-listed liver transplant candidates receiving an HCC exception score between January 1, 2010, and March 2, 2023.ExposureWait-listed liver transplant candidate sex.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe association of female sex with (1) deceased-donor liver transplant (DDLT) and (2) death or waiting list removal for health deterioration were estimated using multivariable competing-risks regression. Results with and without adjustment for candidate height and weight (mediators of the sex disparity) were compared.ResultsThe cohort included 31 725 candidates with HCC (mean [SD] age at receipt of exception, 61.2 [7.1] years; 76.3% men). Compared with men, women had a lower 1-year cumulative incidence of DDLT (50.8% vs 54.0%; P &amp;lt; .001) and a higher 1-year cumulative incidence of death or delisting for health deterioration (16.2% vs 15.0%; P = .002). After adjustment, without accounting for size, women had a lower incidence of DDLT (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.95) and higher incidence of death or delisting (SHR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.13) compared with men. When adjusting for candidate height and weight, there was no association of female sex with incidence of DDLT or death or delisting. However, at a height cutoff of 166 cm, short women compared with short men were still less likely to undergo a transplant (SHR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.99).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, women with HCC were less likely to receive a DDLT and more likely to die while wait-listed than men with HCC; these differences were largely (but not entirely) explained by sex-based differences in candidate size. For candidates listed with exception scores, additional changes to allocation policy are needed to resolve the sex disparity, including solutions to improve access to size-matched donor livers for smaller candidates.
Parathyroidectomy and the Development of New Depression Among Adults With Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Delaney Lia D. , Furst Adam , Day Heather , Arnow Katherine , Cisco Robin M. , Kebebew Electron , Montez-Rath Maria E. , Tamura Manjula Kurella , Seib Carolyn D. 
Published: September 2024

ImportancePrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although parathyroidectomy has been associated with improvement of preexisting depression among adults with PHPT, the effect of parathyroidectomy on the development of new depression is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of early parathyroidectomy on the incidence of new depression among adults with PHPT compared with nonoperative management.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAnalyzed data included observational national Veterans Affairs data from adults with a new diagnosis of PHPT from 2000 through 2019 using target trial emulation with cloning, a biostatistical method that uses observational data to emulate a randomized clinical trial. New depression rates were compared between those treated with early parathyroidectomy vs nonoperative management using an extended Cox model with time-varying inverse probability censoring weighting, adjusted for patient demographics, comorbidities, and depression risk factors. Eligible adults with a new biochemical diagnosis of PHPT, excluding those with past depression diagnoses, residing in an assisted living/nursing facility, or with Charlson Comorbidity Index score higher than 4 were included. These data were analyzed January 4, 2023, through June 15, 2023.ExposureEarly parathyroidectomy (within 1 year of PHPT diagnosis) vs nonoperative management.Main OutcomeNew depression, including among subgroups according to patient age (65 years or older; younger than 65 years) and baseline serum calcium (11.3 mg/dL or higher; less than 11.3 mg/dL).ResultsThe study team identified 40 231 adults with PHPT and no history of depression of whom 35896 were male (89%) and the mean (SD) age was 67 (11.3) years. A total of 3294 patients underwent early parathyroidectomy (8.2%). The weighted cumulative incidence of depression was 11% at 5 years and 18% at 10 years among patients who underwent parathyroidectomy, compared with 9% and 18%, respectively, among nonoperative patients. Those treated with early parathyroidectomy experienced no difference in the adjusted rate of new depression compared with nonoperative management (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.94-1.17). There was also no estimated effect of early parathyroidectomy on new depression in subgroup analyses based on patient age or serum calcium.ConclusionsIn this study, there was no difference in the incidence of new depression among adults with PHPT treated with early parathyroidectomy vs nonoperative management, which is relevant to preoperative discussions about the benefits and risks of operative treatment.
CRISPR/dCas13(Rx) Derived RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) Dynamic Modification in Plant
Authors: Yu Lu , Alariqi Muna , Li Baoqi , Hussain Amjad , Zhou Huifang , Wang Qiongqiong , Wang Fuqiu , Wang Guanying , Zhu Xiangqian , Hui Fengjiao , Yang Xiyan , Nie Xinhui , Zhang Xianlong , Jin Shuangxia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification of mRNA and plays an important role in regulating plant growth. However, there is still a lack of effective tools to precisely modify m6A sites of individual transcripts in plants. Here, programmable m6A editing tools are developed by combining CRISPR/dCas13(Rx) with the methyltransferase GhMTA (Targeted RNA Methylation Editor, TME) or the demethyltransferase GhALKBH10 (Targeted RNA Demethylation Editor, TDE). These editors enable efficient deposition or removal of m6A modifications at targeted sites of endo‐transcripts GhECA1 and GhDi19 within a broad editing window ranging from 0 to 46 nt. TDE editor significantly decreases m6A levels by 24%–76%, while the TME editor increases m6A enrichment, ranging from 1.37‐ to 2.51‐fold. Furthermore, installation and removal of m6A modifications play opposing roles in regulating GhECA1 and GhDi19 mRNA transcripts, which may be attributed to the fact that their m6A sites are located in different regions of the genes. Most importantly, targeting the GhDi19 transcript with TME editor plants results in a significant increase in root length and enhanced drought resistance. Collectively, these m6A editors can be applied to study the function of specific m6A modifications and have the potential for future applications in crop improvement.
An Application of 3D Vision Transformers and Explainable AI in Prosthetic Dentistry
Authors: Sifat Faisal Ahmed , Arian Md Sahadul Hasan , Ahmed Saif , Farook Taseef Hasan , Mohammed Nabeel , Dudley James 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTo create and validate a transformer‐based deep neural network architecture for classifying 3D scans of teeth for computer‐assisted manufacturing and dental prosthetic rehabilitation surpassing previously reported validation accuracies obtained with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Voxel‐based representation and encoding input data in a high‐dimensional space forms of preprocessing were investigated using 34 3D models of teeth obtained from intraoral scanning. Independent CNNs and vision transformers (ViTs), and their combination (CNN and ViT hybrid model) were implemented to classify the 3D scans directly from standard tessellation language (.stl) files and an Explainable AI (ExAI) model was generated to qualitatively explore the deterministic patterns that influenced the outcomes of the automation process. The results demonstrate that the CNN and ViT hybrid model architecture surpasses conventional supervised CNN, achieving a consistent validation accuracy of 90% through three‐fold cross‐validation. This process validated our initial findings, where each instance had the opportunity to be part of the validation set, ensuring it remained unseen during training. Furthermore, employing high‐dimensional encoding of input data solely with 3DCNN yields a validation accuracy of 80%. When voxel data preprocessing is utilized, ViT outperforms CNN, achieving validation accuracies of 80% and 50%, respectively. The study also highlighted the saliency map's ability to identify areas of tooth cavity preparation of restorative importance, that can theoretically enable more accurate 3D printed prosthetic outputs. The investigation introduced a CNN and ViT hybrid model for classification of 3D tooth models in digital dentistry, and it was the first to employ ExAI in the efforts to automate the process of dental computer‐assisted manufacturing.
Halide Perovskite Induces Halogen/Hydrogen Atom Transfer (XAT/HAT) for Allylic C−H Amination
Authors: Shaikh Melad , Rubalcaba Kevin , Yan Yong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAllylic C−H amination has emerged as a powerful tool to construct allylamines, common motifs in molecular therapeutics. Such reaction implies an oxidative path for C−H activation but furnishes reductive amines, inferring mild oxidants’ inactivity for C−H oxidation but strong oxidants’ detriment to products. Herein we report a heterogeneous catalytic approach that manipulates halogen‐vacancies of perovskite photocatalyst and exploits halogenated‐solvents (i.e. CH2Cl2, CH2Br2) as mild oxidants for selective C−H allyl amination with 19,376 turnovers. CsPbBr3 nanocrystals induce cooperative hydrogen‐atom‐transfer (HAT, C−H oxidation, and halogen‐vacancy CsPbBr3−x formation) and halogen‐atom‐transfer (XAT, CsPbBr3−x‐induced solvent reduction) under a radical chain mechanism. Terminal/internal olefins are amenable to forge aromatic/aliphatic, cyclic/acyclic, secondary/tertiary allylamines (70 examples), including drugs or their derivatives.
Dibenzoquinone Cyclopentadithiophene Diradicaloids Show Optical Transitions of Different Spin States and Anomalous Near‐Infrared Emission
Authors: Privado María , Moles Quintero Sergio , Barrejón Myriam , de La Cruz Pilar , P. M. Janaarthana Babu , Casanova David , Langa Fernando , Casado Juan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe have prepared a series of bis(semiquinone) compounds with dithiophene bridges of different length that evolve from closed‐shell (smaller compound) to full diradical (longer compound) for which the narrow singlet‐triplet energy gap allows the triplet population at 298 K. The medium size system has a variety of photonic properties with absorptions and emission in the optical near‐infrared region mediated by a unique case of anti‐Kasha emission. A whole set of optical absorption/emission and vibrational steady state spectroscopies as well as picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, all complemented with spectroelectrochemistry and theoretical calculations, is presented.
K+‐Mediated vs Pd‐Catalyzed Cyclotrimerization of 9,10‐Didehydrotribenzo[8]annulene (TribenzoCOTyne): Stereodivergent Access to (α,α,α)‐ and (α,α,β)‐Fragments of Cubic Graphite
Authors: Bello‐García Jesús , Varela Jesús A. , Saá Carlos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA remarkable stereodivergent cyclotrimerization of 9,10‐didehydrotribenzo[8]annulene (tribenzoCOTyne) to the corresponding (α,α,α)‐ and (α,α,β)‐benzofused derivatives has been developed by controlling the reaction conditions. While the K+‐mediated cyclotrimerization afforded the (α,α,α) stereoisomer, using Pd as a catalyst resulted in the (α,α,β)‐derivative. Both stereoisomers were evidenced by spectroscopic data and crystal X‐Ray analysis. The (α,α,α) stereoisomer is a fragment of cubic graphite (CG), an elusive 3D carbon allotrope that contains carbon cages, since all of its sixty carbons are part of the structure of CG, and 36 constitute a part of the C48 molecular cage of CG. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies revealed that the potassium ion would play a key role as a template to favor the formation of the (α,α,α) stereoisomer.
Oral Patch/Film for Drug Delivery—Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Yan Yujie , Yan Wenjie , Wu Sihua , Zhao Hang , Chen Qianming , Wang Jiongke 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, there has been extensive research into drug delivery systems aimed at enhancing drug utilization while minimizing drug toxicities. Among these systems, oral patches/films have garnered significant attention due to their convenience, noninvasive administration, ability to bypass hepatic first‐pass metabolism, thereby enhancing drug bioavailability, and their potential to ensure good compliance, particularly among special patient populations. In this review, from the perspective of the anatomical characteristics of the oral cavity and the advantages and difficulties of oral drug delivery, we illustrate the design ideas, manufacturing techniques, research methodologies, and the essential attributes of an ideal oral patch/film. Furthermore, the applications of oral patches/films in both localized and systemic drug delivery were discussed. Finally, we offer insights into the future prospects of the oral patch/film, aiming to provide valuable reference for the advancement of oral localized drug delivery systems.
Contraceptive implant migration to the ulnar nerve: A case report with literature review
Authors: Asaad Saywan K. , Salih Nigar M. , Hassan Marwan N. , Abid Mohammed S. , Hamid Hawbash F. , Ameen Ahmed Nahidah H. , Muhammad Huda M. , Ghafoor Abdullah K. , Othman Snur , Kakamad Fahmi H. 
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical MessageContraceptive implant migration is a rare complication associated with contraceptive implants: migration to the ulnar nerve, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis, imaging, and a multidisciplinary approach to mitigate neurovascular risks during insertion and removal procedures. The case report demonstrates the necessity for careful removal techniques and thorough patient follow‐up to ensure positive outcomes and prevent long‐term nerve damage.There are some potential risks and complications associated with contraceptive implants, including neurovascular injury. The aim of this case report is to report a rare complication associated with contraceptive implants. A 32‐year‐old female, right‐hand dominant, presented to the orthopedic clinic for the extraction of a contraceptive implant (Implanon) from her left arm. She reported intermittent numbness in the ring and little fingers. Upon examination, the Implanon was not palpable. Both Phalen's test and Tinel signs were negative. An x‐ray of the arm revealed the implant's position. Under local anesthesia through a longitudinal incision, the Implanon was found within the perineurium of the ulnar nerve. Two weeks after the operation, the patient returned to the clinic. Upon examination, there were no indications of ulnar nerve neuropathy. If a patient undergoes subdermal implant‐associated pain or is at risk of neurovascular damage during removal, it is advisable to refer the patient to a family planning specialist experienced in handling challenging implant removals, and subsequently to a peripheral nerve surgeon, to optimize outcomes. The migration of a contraceptive implant to the ulnar nerve is an exceedingly rare but possible complication.
Functionalized α‐Cyanostilbene Derivatives for Detection of Hypoxia or Proteostasis Imbalance in Live Cells
Authors: Zhao Jiamin , Zaheer Maryam , You Jiawei , Owyong Tze Cin , Giel Marie‐Claire , Praveen Praveen , Li Wenyi , Hou Jianquan , Hogan Conor F. , Zhao Engui , Ding Siyang , Hong Yuning 
Published: September 2024

Abstractα‐Cyanostilbene represents one of the easily functionalized aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) scaffolds. It has been widely adopted for the construction of fluorescent materials for broad applications. Here, we further expanded the utilization of α‐cyanostilbene derivatives for the detection of hypoxia or proteostasis imbalance in live cells. Four different amine containing donors were introduced to construct α‐cyanostilbene derivatives (R‐ASC) with donor‐acceptor scaffolds. Equipped with the cysteine (Cys) reactive group, maleimide (MI), R‐ASC‐MI shows fluorescence turn‐on property upon binding with unfolded proteins in vitro and in live cells under proteostatic stress. By virtue of R‐ASC‐MI, the level of unfolded protein loads in cells can be quantified by flow cytometry, or visualized under microscope. Furthermore, we also characterized the performance of R‐ASC‐NO2, synthetic precursors of R‐ASC‐MI, in cellular hypoxia. R‐ASC‐NO2 revealed upregulated activities of nitroreductase, as well as increased hydrophobicity in live cells, under either chemical (NaN3) induced or atmospheric (1 % O2) hypoxia. Together, the advantages of easy modification and high signal‐to‐noise ratio of new α‐cyanostilbene derivatives reported in this work highlight the great potential of α‐cyanostilbene in constructing functional biosensors and many other domains.
pH Independent and Efficient Photocatalytic Systems Enabled by Reaction Interface Microenvironment Regulation†
Authors: Zhou Hang , Sheng Xia , Chen Xi , Liu Zhiping , Feng Xinjian 
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive SummaryPhotocatalysis is a promising green approach for water purification. The diversity of water pH values is a key factor that restricts its practical application since pH affects the adsorption of organic molecules, the stability of catalysts and photocatalytic performance. Here, we report a pH–independent, efficient and stable photocatalytic system with a liquid (water)–liquid (oil)–solid (semiconductor) (L–L–S) triphase interface microenvironment. The system is fabricated by coating a thin layer of silicon oil on the surface of ZnO nanowire arrays, a model chemically unstable semiconductor in both acidic and alkaline solutions. We show that the unique interface makes the dye adsorption pH independent and prevents the semiconductor from being corroded by strong acidic/alkaline solutions, leading to a stable and efficient photocatalytic reaction over a wide pH range (1—14). These findings reveal a promising path for the development of high‐performance catalysis systems applicable in complex water environments.
Molecularly Imprinted Porous‐Organic Framework with pH‐Responsive Adsorption Sites for the Selective Adsorption of Iron
Authors: Yang Yajie , Cai Fuli , Zhang Cheng , Gao Nan , Zhang Suming , Wang Guangtong , Yuan Ye 
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive SummaryRegulating brain iron metabolism and reducing neuronal ferroptosis is proven to be a potential method for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, gastric juice has a pH of 1.1—2.2 where a large number of interfering ions are dissociated from the food, which in turn causes traditional oral iron chelators to be saturated and inactivated. Herein, poly(4‐vinylbenzoic acid) polymer chains were introduced as guided by Fe3+ ion template into the porous network (TpPa‐1) via molecularly imprinted technology to obtain porous iron chelators, COOH@TpPa‐1. The COOH@TpPa‐1 maintains a multiple hydrogen bonding structure to block the channels in the stomach (pH ~1.1—2.2) with a strongly acidic environment, so just a small amount of active sites have been occupied. As COOH@TpPa‐1 enters the colon, the alkaline environment disrupts the original hydrogen‐bonded structure and forms anionic fragments, the bonding affinity for Fe3+ ions was ~4.0 times that in the stomach, and also gave a high selective coefficient 4.2 times higher than that of conventional iron chelators. These designable "on" and "off" states promote the effective enrichment of iron ions within the colon by the porous chelator and produce a favorable therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's symptoms caused by ferroptosis in mice.
Detection and mitigation of few control plane attacks in software defined network environments using deep learning algorithm
Authors: Kumar M. Anand , Onyema Edeh Michael , Sundaravadivazhagan B. , Gupta Manish , Shankar Achyut , Gude Venkataramaiah , Yamsani Nagendar 
Published: September 2024

SummaryIn order to make networks more adaptable and flexible, software‐defined networking (SDN) is an architecture that abstracts the many, easily distinct layers of a network. By enabling businesses and service providers to react swiftly to shifting business requirements, SDN aims to improve network control. SDN has become an important framework for Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G. Despite recent research endeavors focused on pinpointing constraints within SDN design components, various security attacks persist, including man‐in‐the‐middle attacks, host hijacking, ARP poisoning, and saturation attacks. Overcoming these limitations poses a challenge, necessitating robust security techniques to detect and counteract such attacks in SDN environments. This study is dedicated to developing a method for detecting and mitigating control plane attacks within Software Defined Network Environments utilizing Deep Learning Algorithms. The study presents a deep‐learning‐based approach to identifying malicious hosts within SDN networks, thus thwarting unauthorized access to the controller. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in host classification, exhibiting high accuracy and performance compared to alternative approaches.
On the Relationship between Water Adsorption and Surface Chemistry in Soda‐lime Silicate Glasses
Authors: Atila Achraf 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how the surface structure affects the bioactivity and degradation rate of the glass is one of the primary challenges in developing new bioactive materials. Here, classical and reactive molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the relationship between local surface chemistry and local adsorption energies of water on three soda‐lime silicate glasses. The compositions of the glasses, (SiO2)65−x(CaO)35(Na2O)x with x=5, 10, and 15, were chosen for their bioactive properties. Analysis of the glass surface structure, compared to the bulk structure, showed that the surface is rich in modifiers and non‐bridging oxygen atoms, which were correlated with local adsorption energies. The reactivity of the glasses is found to increase with higher Na2O content, attributed to elevated Na cations and undercoordinated species at the glass surfaces. The current work provides insights into the relationship between the surface structure, chemistry, and properties in these bioactive glasses and offers a step toward their rational design.