bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of Quiet‐Time Mid‐Latitude Joule Heating and Comparisons With the TIEGCM Simulation
Authors: Day E. K. , Grocott A. , Walach M.‐T. , Wild J. A. , Lu G. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Coster A. J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractJoule heating is a major energy sink in the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere system and modeling it is key to understanding the impact of space weather on the neutral atmosphere. Ion drifts and neutral wind velocities are key parameters when modeling Joule heating, however there is limited validation of the modeled ion and neutral velocities at mid‐latitudes. We use the Blackstone Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radar and the Michigan North American Thermosphere Ionosphere Observing Network Fabry‐Perot interferometer to obtain the local nightside ion and neutral velocities at ∼40° geographic latitude during the nighttime of 16 July 2014. Despite being a geomagnetically quiet period, we observe significant sub‐auroral ion flows in excess of 200 ms−1. We calculate an enhancement to the local Joule heating rate due to these ion flows and find that the neutrals impart a significant increase or decrease to the total Joule heating rate of >75% depending on their direction. We compare our observations to outputs from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). At such a low geomagnetic activity however, TIEGCM was not able to model significant sub‐auroral ion flows and any resulting Joule heating enhancements equivalent to our observations. We found that the neutral winds were the primary contributor to the Joule heating rates modeled by TIEGCM rather than the ions as suggested by our observations.
Studying the Impacts of Meteorological Factors on Distribution of Cloud Horizontal Scales Based on Active Satellite
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Li Jiming , Li Jia , Li Ruixue , Zhang Weiyuan , Lei Miao , Lv Qiaoyi , Jian Bida 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs a significant macrophysical property, cloud horizontal scales play a role in cloud radiation, precipitation and vertical cloud overlap. Until now, however, the mechanisms behind the variations in cloud scale distribution have received far less attention. This study utilizes active satellite data from 2007 to 2016 to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of cloud horizontal scales, and explains the variations through two meteorological factors: wind shear and atmospheric stability. Cloud scales exhibit a distinct power‐law behavior when scale break is not considered, and the power‐law exponent β is a characteristic measure of cloud scale distribution. A smaller power‐law exponent β indicates a higher frequency of large clouds. During boreal summer season, the amount of large clouds is extremely large south of the 40°S but rather small between 10°S and 20°S. As wind shear decreases or atmospheric stability increases, more large clouds occur globally. The underlying mechanisms might be associated with cloud entrainment which can be promoted by wind shear but inhibited by atmospheric stability. However, our analysis of the impacts of these two factors on cloud scale distribution across different regions and heights reveals that both wind shear and atmospheric stability play dual roles on the values of the exponent β. The potential physical mechanisms, including the effects of precipitation, are further discussed. It is observed that precipitation also exerts a dual impact on the values of the exponent β. These findings underscore the significance of considering the impacts of meteorological factors on cloud scale distribution in numerical weather prediction models.
Telomere stabilization by metformin mitigates the progression of atherosclerosis via the AMPK-dependent p-PGC-1α pathway
Authors: Sung Jin Young , Kim Seul Gi , Park So-Young , Kim Jae-Ryong , Choi Hyoung Chul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTelomere dysfunction is a well-known molecular trigger of senescence and has been associated with various age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms involved have not yet been elucidated, and the extent to which telomeres contribute to atherosclerosis is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of metformin-induced telomere stabilization and the ability of metformin to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence caused by advanced atherosclerosis. The present study revealed that metformin inhibited the phenotypes of atherosclerosis and senescence in VSMCs. Metformin increased the phosphorylation of AMPK-dependent PGC-1α and thus increased telomerase activity and the protein level of TERT in OA-treated VSMCs. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation of AMPK and PGC-1α by metformin not only enhanced telomere function but also increased the protein level of TERT, whereas TERT knockdown accelerated the development of atherosclerosis and senescent phenotypes in OA-treated VSMCs regardless of metformin treatment. Furthermore, the in vivo results showed that metformin attenuated the formation of atherosclerotic plaque markers in the aortas of HFD-fed ApoE KO mice. Although metformin did not reduce plaque size, it inhibited the phosphorylation of the AMPK/PGC-1α/TERT signaling cascade, which is associated with the maintenance and progression of plaque formation, in HFD-fed ApoE KO mice. Accordingly, metformin inhibited atherosclerosis-associated phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. These observations show that the enhancement of telomere function by metformin is involved in specific signaling pathways during the progression of atherosclerosis. These findings suggest that telomere stabilization by metformin via the AMPK/p-PGC-1α pathway might provide a strategy for developing therapeutics against vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.
Stanniocalcin 1 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 cooperatively regulate bone mineralization by osteoblasts
Authors: Kim Jung Ha , Kim Kabsun , Kim Inyoung , Seong Semun , Koh Jeong-Tae , Kim Nacksung 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStanniocalcin 1 (STC1) is a calcium- and phosphate-regulating hormone that is expressed in all tissues, including bone tissues, and is involved in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Previously, STC1 expression was found to be increased by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] administration in renal proximal tubular cells. In this study, we investigated whether STC1 directly regulates osteoblast differentiation or reciprocally controls the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on osteoblasts to contribute to bone homeostasis. We found that STC1 inhibited osteoblast differentiation in vitro and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced ectopic bone formation in vivo. Moreover, 1,25(OH)2D3 increased STC1 expression through direct binding to the Stc1 promoter of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). STC1 activated the 1,25(OH)2D3–VDR signaling pathway through the upregulation of VDR expression mediated by the inhibition of Akt phosphorylation in osteoblasts. STC1 further increased the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) secretion and inhibited osteoblast differentiation by exhibiting a positive correlation with 1,25(OH)2D3. The long-bone phenotype of transgenic mice overexpressing STC1 specifically in osteoblasts was not significantly different from that of wild-type mice. However, compared with that in the wild-type mice, 1,25(OH)2D3 administration significantly decreased bone mass in the STC1 transgenic mice. Collectively, these results suggest that STC1 negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation; however, the inhibitory effect of STC1 on osteoblasts is transient and can be reversed under normal conditions. Nevertheless, the synergistic effect of STC1 and 1,25(OH)2D3 through 1,25(OH)2D3 administration may reduce bone mass by inhibiting osteoblast differentiation.
Long-range-interacting topological photonic lattices breaking channel-bandwidth limit
Authors: Kim Gyunghun , Suh Joseph , Lee Dayeong , Park Namkyoo , Yu Sunkyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The presence of long-range interactions is crucial in distinguishing between abstract complex networks and wave systems. In photonics, because electromagnetic interactions between optical elements generally decay rapidly with spatial distance, most wave phenomena are modeled with neighboring interactions, which account for only a small part of conceptually possible networks. Here, we explore the impact of substantial long-range interactions in topological photonics. We demonstrate that a crystalline structure, characterized by long-range interactions in the absence of neighboring ones, can be interpreted as an overlapped lattice. This overlap model facilitates the realization of higher values of topological invariants while maintaining bandgap width in photonic topological insulators. This breaking of topology-bandgap tradeoff enables topologically protected multichannel signal processing with broad bandwidths. Under practically accessible system parameters, the result paves the way to the extension of topological physics to network science.
Zero-power infrared switch with two-phase microfluidic flow and a 2D material thermal isolation layer
Authors: Zhang Zekun , Li Peng , Zou Yixuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWireless sensor nodes (WSNs) play an important role in many fields, including environmental monitoring. However, unattended WSNs face challenges in consuming power continuously even in the absence of useful information, which makes energy supply the bottleneck of WSNs. Here, we realized zero-power infrared switches, which consist of a metasurface and two-phase microfluidic flow. The metasurface can recognize the infrared signal from the target and convert it into heat, which triggers the two-phase microfluidic flow switch. As the target is not present, the switch is turned off. The graphene/MoS2/graphene 2D material heterostructure (thickness <2 nm) demonstrates an exceptionally high thermal resistance of 4.2 K/W due to strong phonon scattering and reduces the heat flow from the metasurface to the supporting substrate, significantly increasing the device sensitivity (the displacement of the two-phase microfluidic flow increases from ~1500 to ~3000 µm). The infrared switch with a pair of symmetric two-phase microfluidic flows can avoid spurious triggering resulting from environmental temperature changes. We realized WSNs with near-zero standby power consumption by integrating the infrared switch, sensors, and wireless communication module. When the target infrared signal appears, the WSNs are woken and show superb visual/auditory sensing performance. This work provides a novel approach for greatly lengthening the lifespan of unattended WSNs.
A parafoveal retinal cones analysis using adaptive-optics retinal camera in patients with primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Trolli Eleonora , Roda Matilde , Valsecchi Nicola , Cacciatore Davide , Nardi Elena , Della Pasqua Valentina , Mercanti Andrea , Fontana Luigi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To study the density, spacing, and regularity of retinal cone photoreceptors using an Adaptive Optics (AO) retinal camera (Rtx1TM, Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France) in patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) and to compare the outcomes with those of healthy age-matched control subjects.

Methods
The study included 43 eyes with POAG and 31 eyes of normal subjects. POAG patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of the visual field defect. The AO Rtx1TM was used to obtain images of the parafoveal cone mosaic to calculate cone values. Analysis was performed at two and four degrees of eccentricity from the fovea along the four meridians (nasal, temporal, superior, inferior).

Results
In POAG eyes, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) cone density at 2° considering all meridians was significantly lower than in normal controls (23,058.6 ± 3532.0 cones/mm2, and 25,511.7 ± 3157.5 cones/mm2, respectively; p = 0.003). Cone spacing was 7.3 ± 0.5 µm in POAG and 7.0 ± 0.4 µm in normal controls (p = 0.005), and cone regularity was 90.5 ± 4.9% and 93.5 ± 1.9% in POAG and normal controls, respectively (p < 0.001). At 4° similar trends were observed. However, no significant differences were found among patients with different severity of POAG (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Using AO Rtx1TM, significant differences in retinal photoreceptors mosaic pattern were found between POAG eyes and age-matched controls, indicating a reduction in photoreceptors in POAG. No significant differences in retinal photoreceptor values were found among the three POAG groups.
Acetyl-DL-leucine in two individuals with REM sleep behavior disorder improves symptoms, reverses loss of striatal dopamine-transporter binding and stabilizes pathological metabolic brain pattern—case reports
Authors: Oertel Wolfgang H. , Janzen Annette , Henrich Martin T. , Geibl Fanni F. , Sittig Elisabeth , Meles Sanne K. , Carli Giulia , Leenders Klaus , Booij Jan , Surmeier D. James , Timmermann Lars , Strupp Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIsolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD) is considered a prodrome of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We investigate whether the potentially disease-modifying compound acetyl-DL-leucine (ADLL; 5 g/d) has an effect on prodromal PD progression in 2 iRBD-patients. Outcome parameters are RBD-severity sum-score (RBD-SS-3), dopamine-transporter single-photon emission computerized tomography (DAT-SPECT) and metabolic “Parkinson-Disease-related-Pattern (PDRP)”-z-score in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). After 3 weeks ADLL-treatment, the RBD-SS-3 drops markedly in both patients and remains reduced for >18 months of ADLL-treatment. In patient 1 (female), the DAT-SPECT putaminal binding ratio (PBR) decreases in the 5 years pretreatment from normal (1.88) to pathological (1.22) and the patient’s FDG-PET-PDRP-z-score rises from 1.72 to 3.28 (pathological). After 22 months of ADLL-treatment, the DAT-SPECT-PBR increases to 1.67 and the FDG-PET-PDRP-z-score stabilizes at 3.18. Similar results are seen in patient 2 (male): his DAT-SPECT-PBR rises from a pretreatment value of 1.42 to 1.72 (close to normal) and the FDG-PET-PDRP-z-score decreases from 1.02 to 0.30 after 18 months of ADLL-treatment. These results support exploration of whether ADLL may have disease-modifying properties in prodromal PD.
Obtaining parallax-free X-ray powder diffraction computed tomography data with a self-supervised neural network
Authors: Dong H. , Jacques S. D. M. , Butler K. T. , Gutowski O. , Dippel A.-C. , von Zimmerman M. , Beale A. M. , Vamvakeros A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, we introduce a method designed to eliminate parallax artefacts present in X-ray powder diffraction computed tomography data acquired from large samples. These parallax artefacts manifest as artificial peak shifting, broadening and splitting, leading to inaccurate physicochemical information, such as lattice parameters and crystallite sizes. Our approach integrates a 3D artificial neural network architecture with a forward projector that accounts for the experimental geometry and sample thickness. It is a self-supervised tomographic volume reconstruction approach designed to be chemistry-agnostic, eliminating the need for prior knowledge of the sample’s chemical composition. We showcase the efficacy of this method through its application on both simulated and experimental X-ray powder diffraction tomography data, acquired from a phantom sample and an NMC532 cylindrical lithium-ion battery.
LIANA+ provides an all-in-one framework for cell–cell communication inference
Authors: Dimitrov Daniel , Schäfer Philipp Sven Lars , Farr Elias , Rodriguez-Mier Pablo , Lobentanzer Sebastian , Badia-i-Mompel Pau , Dugourd Aurelien , Tanevski Jovan , Ramirez Flores Ricardo Omar , Saez-Rodriguez Julio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe growing availability of single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomics has led to the development of many approaches to infer cell–cell communication, each capturing only a partial view of the complex landscape of intercellular signalling. Here we present LIANA+, a scalable framework built around a rich knowledge base to decode coordinated inter- and intracellular signalling events from single- and multi-condition datasets in both single-cell and spatially resolved data. By extending and unifying established methodologies, LIANA+ provides a comprehensive set of synergistic components to study cell–cell communication via diverse molecular mediators, including those measured in multi-omics data. LIANA+ is accessible at https://github.com/saezlab/liana-py with extensive vignettes (https://liana-py.readthedocs.io/) and provides an all-in-one solution to intercellular communication inference.
Long-term engrafting multilineage hematopoietic cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Ng Elizabeth S. , Sarila Gulcan , Li Jacky Y. , Edirisinghe Hasindu S. , Saxena Ritika , Sun Shicheng , Bruveris Freya F. , Labonne Tanya , Sleebs Nerida , Maytum Alexander , Yow Raymond Y. , Inguanti Chantelle , Motazedian Ali , Calvanese Vincenzo , Capellera-Garcia Sandra , Ma Feiyang , Nim Hieu T. , Ramialison Mirana , Bonifer Constanze , Mikkola Hanna K. A. , Stanley Edouard G. , Elefanty Andrew G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) have important biomedical applications. We identified differentiation conditions that generate HSCs defined by robust long-term multilineage engraftment in immune-deficient NOD,B6.PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJKitW41/W41 mice. We guided differentiating iPS cells, as embryoid bodies in a defined culture medium supplemented with retinyl acetate, through HOXA-patterned mesoderm to hemogenic endothelium specified by bone morphogenetic protein 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Removal of VEGF facilitated an efficient endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, evidenced by release into the culture medium of CD34+ blood cells, which were cryopreserved. Intravenous transplantation of two million thawed CD34+ cells differentiated from four independent iPS cell lines produced multilineage bone marrow engraftment in 25–50% of immune-deficient recipient mice. These functionally defined, multipotent CD34+ hematopoietic cells, designated iPS cell-derived HSCs (iHSCs), produced levels of engraftment similar to those achieved following umbilical cord blood transplantation. Our study provides a step toward the goal of generating HSCs for clinical translation.
Global stability and bifurcations in a mathematical model for the waste plastic management in the ocean
Authors: Parsamanesh Mahmood , Izadi Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe use of plastic is very widespread in the world and the spread of plastic waste has also reached the oceans. Observing marine debris is a serious threat to the management system of this pollution. Because it takes years to recycle the current wastes, while their amount increases every day. The importance of mathematical models for plastic waste management is that it provides a framework for understanding the dynamics of this waste in the ocean and helps to identify effective strategies for its management. A mathematical model consisting of three compartments plastic waste, marine debris, and recycle is studied in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations. After describing the formulation of the model, some properties of the model are given. Then the equilibria of the model and the basic reproduction number are obtained by the next generation matrix method. In addition, the global stability of the model are proved at the equilibria. The bifurcations of the model and sensitivity analysis are also used for better understanding of the dynamics of the model. Finally, the numerical simulations of discussed models are given and the model is examined in several aspects. It is proven that the solutions of the system are positive if initial values are positive. It is shown that there are two equilibria $$E^0$$

E
0

and $$E^*$$

E
∗

and if $${{\mathcal {B}}}{{\mathcal {R}}}<1$$

B
R
<
1

, it is proven that $$E^0$$

E
0

is globally stable, while when $${{\mathcal {B}}}{{\mathcal {R}}}>1$$

B
R
>
1

, the equilibrium $$E^*$$

E
∗

exists and it is globally stable. Also, at $${{\mathcal {B}}}{{\mathcal {R}}}=1$$

B
R
=
1

the model exhibits a forward bifurcation. The sensitivity analysis of $${{\mathcal {B}}}{{\mathcal {R}}}$$

B
R

concludes that the rates of waste to marine, new waste, and the recycle rate have most effect on the amount of marine debris.
Mapping climate suitability index for rainfed cultivation of medicinal plants by developing an AI-based probabilistic framework
Authors: Sadeghfam Sina , Rahmani Mohammad Sina , Moazamnia Marjan , Morshedloo Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Climate Suitability Index (CSI) can increase agricultural efficiency by identifying the high-potential areas for cultivation from the climate perspective. The present study develops a probabilistic framework to calculate CSI for rainfed cultivation of 12 medicinal plants from the climate perspective of precipitation and temperature. Unlike the ongoing frameworks based on expert judgments, this formulation decreases the inherent subjectivity by using two components: frequency analysis and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In the first component, the precipitation and temperature layers were prepared by calculating the occurrence probability for each plant, and the obtained probabilities were spatially interpolated using geographical information system processes. In the second component, PSO quantifies CSI by classifying a study area into clusters using an unsupervised clustering technique. The formulation was implemented in the Lake Urmia basin, which was distressed by unsustainable water resources management. By identifying clusters with higher CSI values for each plant, the results provide deeper insights to optimize cultivation patterns in the basin. These insights can help managers and farmers increase yields, reduce costs, and improve profitability.
Cell surface RNA virus nucleocapsid proteins: a viral strategy for immunosuppression?
Authors: López-Muñoz Alberto Domingo , Yewdell Jonathan W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNucleocapsid protein (N), or nucleoprotein (NP) coats the genome of most RNA viruses, protecting and shielding RNA from cytosolic RNAases and innate immune sensors, and plays a key role in virion biogenesis and viral RNA transcription. Often one of the most highly expressed viral gene products, N induces strong antibody (Ab) and T cell responses. N from different viruses is present on the infected cell surface in copy numbers ranging from tens of thousands to millions per cell, and it can be released to bind to uninfected cells. Surface N is targeted by Abs, which can contribute to viral clearance via Fc-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. Surface N can modulate host immunity by sequestering chemokines (CHKs), extending prior findings that surface N interferes with innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we consider aspects of surface N cell biology and immunology and describe its potential as a target for anti-viral intervention.