bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of marketing culture on job satisfaction
Authors: Yildirim Seda , Acaray Ali , Aydin Kenan 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe literature has shown that organizational culture influences job satisfaction in various industries such as tourism, banking and retail. As a result, investigating the impact of culture and organizational structure is a topic of growing interest. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether marketing culture has a positive effect on job satisfaction in banking firms.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a survey methodology. Surveys were conducted in Istanbul, Turkey, with service industry employees of private banks and insurance companies. To measure the marketing culture, Webster’s (1990) marketing culture model with 34 items was adopted. Six basic dimensions of “service quality, interpersonal relationships, selling task, organization, internal communication and innovativeness” were measured using the survey instrument. Job satisfaction was measured using the 20-item Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire on the following two dimensions: intrinsic satisfaction and extrinsic satisfaction. The data were analyzed with SmartPLS 2.0 and SPSS 21 programs.FindingsIt was found that marketing culture had a significant and positive effect on job satisfaction. In particular, the marketing culture factors had a greater effect on extrinsic satisfaction in banking firms. In this regard, service quality, organization, selling task and innovativeness had a positive effect on extrinsic satisfaction.Originality/valueThis study supports the argument that the concept of marketing culture is different from the market-oriented culture type. In addition, this study shows that marketing culture has a positive effect on job satisfaction in banking firms.
Measuring regional competitiveness through agricultural indices of productivity
Authors: Coronado Francisco , Charles Vincent , Dwyer Rocky J. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to incorporate factors that characterize the agricultural activity as productivity indices to compute the agricultural competitiveness of regions in order to rank the regions, and compare the results with those obtained by applying other commonly used social and economic indicators.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors identify regional factors related to the use of water, soil, production, revenues, and rural population, which conform a total of six productivity indices, that the authors then employ to calculate the regional agricultural competitiveness index.

Findings
The agricultural-related indices are informative in supporting the regional ranking related to resources and technology utilization. The results reveal that the coastal regions are the most competitive when compared to the regions located in the highlands and the jungle. Nevertheless, in contrast with other existing competitiveness rankings, the present study identifies the regions with the greatest potential for agriculture.

Research limitations/implications
The authors identify the regions which have a higher potential of development considering the natural resources and agricultural production. The authors hope that this paper can assist regional and national policymakers in their endeavor to improve regional and national competitiveness.

Practical implications
The authors identify the regions with a higher potential of development considering natural resources and agricultural production and the possibilities to improve their competitiveness.

Social implications
The study also bears social implications, given that the rural activities in Peru are carried out by approx. 7 million inhabitants, whose contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) is as much as 7 percent, making use of about 94 percent of the available water.

Originality/value
The originality of the present paper resides in the attempt to compute a regional competitiveness index by taking agricultural resources as determinant factors. The authors rank the regions based on their agricultural competitiveness.
Plant traits, stoichiometry and microbes as drivers of decomposition in the rhizosphere in a temperate grassland
Authors: Carrillo Yolima , Bell Colin , Koyama Akihiro , Canarini Alberto , Boot Claudia M. , Wallenstein Matthew , Pendall Elise 
Published: March 2017

Summary

It is becoming increasingly clear that plant roots can impact the decomposition of existing soil C in the rhizosphere. Studies under controlled conditions suggest this impact may be plant species dependent, but whether this is the case in natural conditions or what factors underlie this variation is mostly unknown.

With a novel field‐based isotopic approach combining 13C‐enriched glucose and 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine additions, we compared in situ C decomposition of added labile C and native soil C (priming) among eight semi‐arid grassland species’ rhizospheres to investigate the factors driving inter‐species variation. We examined the influence of several rhizosphere factors related to soil chemistry, microbial activity, microbial community, microbial stoichiometry, plant chemistry and root morphology.

Plant species generated distinct microbial and chemical rhizosphere environments, which translated into differences in the direction, magnitude and temporal dynamics of the soil C priming. Soil C decomposition was positively related to soil C/P and soil N/P (via its influence on the bacterial community), which in turn were positively related to plant N/P. Plant C/N was also a significant factor via its negative influence on soil N/P. In contrast, the main direct predictors of labile C decomposition were microbial biomass, microbial C/N and the C‐degrading enzymes, which in turn were linked to root morphology and C chemistry.

Synthesis. Within this community, plant species’ rhizospheres can vary in their susceptibility to C loss in response to changes in C availability. Soil stoichiometry, driven by plant chemical traits, appeared to be the strongest driver of priming. Our study suggests that shifts in plant communities involving increases in N relative to P have the greatest potential to lead to C loss. We provide evidence of root morphology and C chemistry as drivers of labile C processing in soil, a novel empirical contribution to our understanding of the role of plant traits below‐ground. The contrasting regulation of different pools of soil C suggests observations of the regulation of simple C compounds should not be extrapolated to the whole C pool. Our findings provide support for rhizosphere‐driven mechanisms by which shifts in plant community composition could have implications on the ecosystem‐level C balance.
‘That's What Being A Woman Is For’: Opposition To Marital Rape Law Reform In Late Twentieth‐Century Australia
Authors: Featherstone Lisa 
Published: March 2017

From 1976 until 1994, Australian states and territories introduced a raft of reforms to sexual assault laws. Most of these were welcomed, and were seen to reflect women's changing status within a modernising society. One reform, however, was especially contentious. The British law had proclaimed that a woman could not be raped within marriage: the marital bond included a husband's right to sexual access to his wife. Following South Australia's lead, all Australian jurisdictions introduced changes to this law, making it a crime to rape a woman within marriage, either before or after separation. It was a fundamental challenge to the way familial authority was conceptualised, established and policed.In a period where feminism had infiltrated many layers of political and social life, we might expect that this change to the law would have been greeted with relief and even celebration. The response to changes to marital rape laws was, however, both muted and ambivalent. Even feminist groups did not offer unequivocal support, and in general public opinion was at best reserved. Further, many conservative groups understood the new laws as an assault on the sanctity of the family itself.Drawing on a wide range of sources in the mainstream and alternative media, as well as parliamentary debates, government enquiries, academic studies and legal reports, this paper will explore the multifarious responses to legislative change. It uncovers the complex ways sexual violence and female bodily autonomy were understood within and beyond the borders and boundaries of the home and family.
Longitudinal Analysis of Quality of Diabetes Care and Relational Climate in Primary Care
Authors: Soley‐Bori Marina , Benzer Justin K. , Burgess James F. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the influence of relational climate on quality of diabetes care.Data Sources/Study SettingThe study was conducted at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). TheVAAll Employee Survey (AES) was used to measure relational climate. Patient and facility characteristics were gathered fromVAadministrative datasets.Study DesignMultilevel panel data (2008–2012) with patients nested into clinics.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsDiabetic patients were identified usingICD‐9 codes and assigned to the clinic with the highest frequency of primary care visits. Multiple quality indicators were used, including an all‐or‐none process measure capturing guideline compliance, the actual number of tests and procedures, and three intermediate continuous outcomes (cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin, and blood pressure).Principal FindingsThe study sample included 327,805 patients, 212 primary care clinics, and 101 parent facilities in 2010. Across all study years, there were 1,568,180 observations. Clinics with the highest relational climate were 25 percent more likely to provide guideline‐compliant care than those with the lowest relational climate (ORfor a 1‐unit increase: 1.02,p‐value <.001). Among insulin‐dependent diabetic veterans, this effect was twice as large. Contrary to that expected, relational climate did not influence intermediate outcomes.ConclusionsRelational climate is positively associated with tests and procedures provision, but not with intermediate outcomes of diabetes care.
Association of Lead aVR T‐wave Amplitude With Cardiovascular Events or Mortality Among Prevalent Dialysis Patients
Authors: Sato Yuji , Hayashi Toshihide , Joki Nobuhiko , Fujimoto Shouichi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn dialysis patients, electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities are common. However, the associations between the T‐wave of the lead aVR (aVRT) amplitude and cardiovascular (CV) events or total mortality are unknown. We performed a prospective, observational cohort study of prevalent hemodialysis patients (N = 474), followed for 4 years. Outcomes were composite CV events and all‐cause mortality. Predictors were baseline aVRT and other ECG findings. ECG parameters were analyzed in three models: model 1, univariate; model 2, basic adjustments; and model 3, model 2 plus serum albumin, C‐reactive protein level, and NT‐proBNP. By Cox analysis, aVRT was best associated with both endpoints through model 1 to 3 compared to other ECG findings. Patients categorized according to aVRT amplitude showed a step‐by‐step increase in hazard ratios for both endpoints. The aVRT amplitude level was significantly associated with not only composite CV events but also with all‐cause mortality in prevalent dialysis patients.
Association between height and osteoarthritis of the knee and hip: The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study
Authors: Welling Maiju , Auvinen Juha , Lehenkari Petri , Männikkö Minna , Karppinen Jaro , Eskola Pasi J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether height at the age of 31 is associated with the incidence of knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) in the following 15 years.MethodsParticipants in The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) diagnosed with knee or hip OA between the ages of 31 and 46 were used as OA cases. Study subjects without knee and hip OA were used as the controls. Height and weight were measured in a clinical examination at the age of 31 (baseline). Mean heights for the OA cases and the controls were compared by an independent samples t‐test. Cox regression analysis was performed to calculate the risk for OA for different height quartiles. The results were adjusted for body mass index/weight, education, smoking and leisure‐time physical activity at baseline. Additionally, a Kaplan‐Meier analysis was performed.ResultsMen with knee OA were 2.6 cm taller (P < 0.001) and women with knee OA 1.2 cm taller (P = 0.048) than the controls. Hip OA cases were found to be slightly shorter than the controls, but no statistically significant differences were observed. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for knee OA and hip OA in the highest quartile were 2.5 (95% CI 1.4–4.5) and 1.0 (95% CI 0.3–3.4) for men and 1.8 (95% CI 1.0–3.1) and 0.7 (95% CI 0.2–2.3) for women.ConclusionsHeight at the age of 31 was associated with incidence of early knee OA, diagnosed prior to age 46. However, the low incidence of hip OA made our results for hip OA inconclusive.
The Automated Root Exudate System (ARES): a method to apply solutes at regular intervals to soils in the field
Authors: Lopez‐Sangil Luis , George Charles , Medina‐Barcenas Eduardo , Birkett Ali J. , Baxendale Catherine , Bréchet Laëtitia M. , Estradera‐Gumbau Eduard , Sayer Emma J. 
Published: March 2017

Summary

Root exudation is a key component of nutrient and carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. Exudation rates vary widely by plant species and environmental conditions, but our understanding of how root exudates affect soil functioning is incomplete, in part because there are few viable methods to manipulate root exudates in situ. To address this, we devised the Automated Root Exudate System (ARES), which simulates increased root exudation by applying small amounts of labile solutes at regular intervals in the field.

The ARES is a gravity‐fed drip irrigation system comprising a reservoir bottle connected via a timer to a micro‐hose irrigation grid covering c. 1 m2; 24 drip‐tips are inserted into the soil to 4‐cm depth to apply solutions into the rooting zone. We installed two ARES subplots within existing litter removal and control plots in a temperate deciduous woodland. We applied either an artificial root exudate solution (RE) or a procedural control solution (CP) to each subplot for 1 min day−1 during two growing seasons. To investigate the influence of root exudation on soil carbon dynamics, we measured soil respiration monthly and soil microbial biomass at the end of each growing season.

The ARES applied the solutions at a rate of c. 2 L m−2 week−1 without significantly increasing soil water content. The application of RE solution had a clear effect on soil carbon dynamics, but the response varied by litter treatment. Across two growing seasons, soil respiration was 25% higher in RE compared to CP subplots in the litter removal treatment, but not in the control plots. By contrast, we observed a significant increase in microbial biomass carbon (33%) and nitrogen (26%) in RE subplots in the control litter treatment.

The ARES is an effective, low‐cost method to apply experimental solutions directly into the rooting zone in the field. The installation of the systems entails minimal disturbance to the soil and little maintenance is required. Although we used ARES to apply root exudate solution, the method can be used to apply many other treatments involving solute inputs at regular intervals in a wide range of ecosystems.
Use of life support in acutely admitted ICU patients. An international cohort study
Authors: Meyhoff T. S. , Krag M. , Hjortrup P. B. , Perner A. , Møller M. H. ,   the SUP‐ICU inception cohort study investigators
Published: March 2017

BackgroundUse of life support in intensive care unit (ICU) patients has been associated with increased risk of poor outcome. The prognostic importance of the duration of support is less studied. We assessed the use of life support and the association between its duration and 90‐day mortality in a contemporary cohort of acutely admitted adult ICU patients.MethodsWe performed a post‐hoc analysis of the SUP‐ICU 7‐day inception cohort study (n = 1034), which was conducted in 97 ICUs in 11 countries. We included patients with an ICU stay of 3 days or more. We assessed the use of life support during the first 3 days in ICU and the crude and adjusted association between its duration and 90‐day mortality using logistic regression analyses.ResultsWe included 690 patients; their 90‐day mortality was 23%. During the first 3 days in ICU mechanical ventilation was used in 65%, vasopressors/inotropes in 57% and renal replacement therapy in 13%. Renal replacement therapy for 3 days or more was associated with a higher 90‐day mortality as compared with 1 day of renal replacement therapy [odds ratio 6.5 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 32.8)]. For mechanical ventilation and vasopressors/inotropes the odds ratios were 2.2 [0.9 to 5.3] and 1.2 [0.5 to 2.6], respectively.ConclusionsAmong acutely admitted adult ICU patients, a higher number of days of renal replacement therapy in the initial ICU stay were associated with increased risk of death within 90 days. We did not observe such an association for mechanical ventilation or vasopressor/inotropic therapy.
Cost‐effectiveness Analysis Appraisal and Application: An Emergency Medicine Perspective
Authors: April Michael D. , Murray Brian P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCost‐effectiveness is an important goal for emergency care delivery. The many diagnostic, treatment, and disposition decisions made in the emergency department (ED) have a significant impact upon healthcare resource utilization. Cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) is an analytic tool to optimize these resource allocation decisions through the systematic comparison of costs and effects of alternative healthcare decisions. Yet few emergency medicine leaders and policymakers have any formal training inCEAmethodology. This paper provides an introduction to the interpretation and use ofCEAwith a focus on application to emergency medicine problems and settings. It applies a previously publishedCEAto the hypothetical case of a patient presenting to theEDwith chest pain who requires risk stratification. This paper uses a widely cited checklist to appraise theCEA. This checklist serves as a vehicle for presenting basicCEAterminology and concepts. General topics of focus include measurement of costs and outcomes, incremental analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Integrated throughout the paper are recommendations for goodCEApractice with emphasis on the guidelines published by the U.S. Panel on Cost‐Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. Unique challenges for emergency medicineCEAs discussed include the projection of long‐term outcomes from emergent interventions, costingEDservices, and applying study results to diverse patient populations across variousEDsettings. The discussion also includes an overview of the limitations inherent in applyingCEAresults to clinical practice to include the lack of incorporation of noncost considerations inCEA(e.g., ethics). After reading this article, emergency medicine leaders and researchers will have an enhanced understanding of the basics ofCEAcritical appraisal and application. The paper concludes with an overview of economic evaluation resources for readers interested in conductingED‐based economic evaluation studies.
Temporal Stability of Heavy Drinking Days and Drinking Reductions Among Heavy Drinkers in the COMBINE Study
Authors: Witkiewitz Katie , Wilson Adam D. , Pearson Matthew R. , Hallgren Kevin A. , Falk Daniel E. , Litten Raye Z. , Kranzler Henry R. , Mann Karl F. , Hasin Deborah S. , O'Malley Stephanie S. , Anton Raymond F. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundRecently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed to expand the options for primary end points in the development of medications for alcohol use disorder to include either abstinence from alcohol or a nonabstinent outcome: no heavy drinking days (with a heavy drinking day defined as more than 3 drinks per day for women and more than 4 drinks per day for men [>3/>4 cutoff]). The FDA also suggested that 6 months would be the most appropriate length for a clinical trial to demonstrate the stability of this nonabstinent drinking outcome. However, few alcohol clinical trials have examined the stability of nonheavy drinking during and after treatment.MethodsIn a secondary analysis of the COMBINE study data (n = 1,383), we examined transitions in heavy drinking days during the course of treatment (months 1 through 4), during the transition out of treatment (months 4 through 7), and up to 12 months afterward (months 13 through 16) using latent variable mixture models.ResultsHeavy drinking and nonheavy drinking were relatively stable in consecutive months (minimum agreement [kappa] = 0.64 for months 1 to 2). Most individuals were stable low‐risk drinkers/abstainers or heavy drinkers by the end of treatment, as characterized by a 10% probability (or less) of transitioning out of either a no heavy drinking state or a heavy drinking state. More than two‐thirds of the heavy drinkers who exceeded the heavy drinking threshold during treatment reported, on average, a 64% reduction in drinking frequency and a 38% reduction in drinking intensity from pretreatment drinking levels.ConclusionsThe results show stability of no heavy drinking as an outcome within the first 4 months of treatment and that the >3/>4 drink cutoff may mask substantial reductions in alcohol consumption among some patients. Future studies should explore the clinical utility of reduction end points.
Active sunscreen ingredients in Australia
Authors: Yap Francis HX , Chua Hock C , Tait Clare P 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUV radiation exposure is the major contributor to photocarcinogenesis and photoageing. Reducing UV radiation exposure can be achieved by using adequate sunscreen preparations. The use of sunscreen can significantly reduce the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma, actinic keratoses and invasive melanoma. In the Australian market over 900 sunscreen products are available, each with their own brand, formulation and ingredients. It can be difficult for dermatologists and consumers to determine which are the most effective and appropriate products to use. We discuss the specific active ingredients found in sunscreen formulations available in Australia, their mode of protection, photostability, solubility, and side‐effects and the methods used by the Therapeutic Goods Administration to determine the ratings and efficacy of each sunscreen.
Hypofractionated radiotherapy in older patients with non‐melanoma skin cancer: Less is better
Authors: Veness Michael 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRadiotherapy is a non‐surgical option for patients with non‐melanoma skin cancer. Lesions in middle‐aged to older patients with good performance status are typically prescribed 4–5 weeks of outpatient weekday treatment. Daily radiotherapy fraction sizes of 2–3 Gy are recommended to decrease the late cutaneous consequences such as in‐field hypopigmentation and telangiectasia. In elderly, often unwell patients, these concerns are less of an issue and larger fraction sizes (5–7 Gy), referred to as hypofractionation, can be delivered over a shorter time yet still achieve excellent in‐field control and improve a patient's quality of life and avoid the need for surgery. The three case studies presented illustrate this approach along with a review of the evidence to support this.