bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« Engagez-vous », qu’ils disaient : des discours politiques populistes aux expériences militantes populaires
Authors: Challier Raphaël 
Published: December 2015

L’article traite dans un premier temps des usages du « populaire » dans le champ politique français. En parlant au nom des classes populaires, les professionnels de la politique construisent un imaginaire à propos de ces catégories, imaginaire porteur de nombreux implicites et qui mérite d’être déconstruit. Dans un second temps, il s’agit de confronter ces discours à la réalité des pratiques partisanes. Dans un portrait de deux jeunes militants – l’un de gauche (PCF), l’autre de droite (UMP) –, nous tenterons de montrer comment le sociologue peut proposer un regard plus empirique sur la politisation des classes populaires, notamment en interrogeant leur marginalisation au sein des collectifs militants.
Peuple et politique. La représentation des catégories populaires dans le rap allemand
Authors: Chemeta David 
Published: December 2015

Il s’agit dans l’article de questionner la représentation qu’un échantillon de rappeurs allemands parmi les plus connus se font des catégories populaires, ainsi que la manière dont cette représentation évolue avec le temps et avec l’apparition d’un contexte politique et économique créant de nouvelles inégalités socioéconomiques. Au-delà des évolutions, ce sont des points communs que l’on constatera, que ce soit dans la manière de revendiquer une identité par la catégorie populaire au-dessus des autres types d’identités, ou par la présence d’idées proches du marxisme, « luttes des classes » et « dictature du prolétariat » en tête.
High-mobility BaSnO3 thin-film transistor with HfO2 gate insulator
Authors: Kim Young Mo , Park Chulkwon , Kim Useong , Ju Chanjong , Char Kookrin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Thin-film transistors have been fabricated using La-doped BaSnO3 as n-type channels and (In,Sn)2O3 as source, drain, and gate electrodes. HfO2 was grown as gate insulators by atomic layer deposition. The field-effect mobility, I
on/I
off ratio, and subthreshold swing of the device are 24.9 cm2 V−1 s−1, 6.0 × 106, and 0.42 V dec−1, respectively. The interface trap density, evaluated to be higher than 1013 cm−2 eV−1, was found to be slightly lower than that of the thin-film transistor with an Al2O3 gate insulator. We attribute the much smaller subthreshold swing values to the higher dielectric constant of HfO2.
Long‐term anoxia and release of ancient, labile carbon upon thaw of Pleistocene permafrost
Authors: Ewing Stephanie A. , O'Donnell Jonathan A. , Aiken George R. , Butler Kenna , Butman David , Windham‐Myers Lisamarie , Kanevskiy Mikhail Z. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe fate of permafrost carbon upon thaw will drive feedbacks to climate warming. Here we consider the character and context of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in yedoma permafrost cores from up to 20 m depth in central Alaska. We observed high DOC concentrations (4 to 129 mM) and consistent low molecular weight organic acid concentrations in three cores. We estimate a DOC production rate of 12 µmol DOC m−2 yr−1 based on model ages of up to ~200 kyr derived from uranium isotopes. Acetate C accounted for 24 ± 1% of DOC in all samples. This proportion suggests long‐term anaerobiosis and is likely to influence thaw outcomes due to biolability of acetate upon release in many environments. The combination of uranium isotopes, ammonium concentrations, and calcium concentrations explained 86% of the variation in thaw water DOC concentrations, suggesting that DOC production may be related to both reducing conditions and mineral dissolution over time.
Exhumation history of the Tatry Mountains, Western Carpathians, constrained by low‐temperature thermochronology
Authors: Śmigielski M. , Sinclair H. D. , Stuart F. M. , Persano C. , Krzywiec P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study tests alternative models for the growth of the Tatry Mountains (Central Western Carpathians) by the application of low‐temperature thermochronology. Zircon (U + Th)/He ages from the north of the range are mostly between 48 and 37 Ma and indicate cooling prior to the onset of fore‐arc sedimentation in the region (42–39 Ma). In contrast, zircon (U + Th)/He ages in the south of the range are around 22 Ma. Apatite fission track ages across the sampled sites range from 20 to 15 Ma. Apatite (U + Th)/He ages range from 18 to 14 Ma with little variation with elevation or horizontal location. Based on thermal modeling and tectonic reconstructions, these Miocene ages are interpreted as cooling in the hanging wall of a northward dipping thrust ramp in the current location of the sub‐Tatric fault with cooling rates of ~20°C/Myr at ~22–14 Ma. Modeled cooling histories require an abrupt deceleration in cooling after ~14 Ma to <5°C/Myr. This is associated with termination of deformation in the Outer Carpathians and is synchronous with the transition of the Pannonian Basin from a syn‐rift to a postrift stage and with termination of N‐S compression in the northern part of the Central Western Carpathians. Overall, the timing of shortening and exhumation is synchronous with the formation of the Outer Carpathian orogen and so the Miocene exhumation of the Tatry records retrovergent thrusting at the northern margin of the Alcapa microplate.
Separation of C6H6 and C6H12 from H2 using ionic liquid/PVDF composite membrane
Authors: Hirota Yuichiro , Maeda Yohei , Nishiyama Norikazu , Furusawa Takashi , Ito Akira 
Published: December 2015

SignificanceIonic liquid/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membrane was successfully prepared by impregnation method and used for the separation on organic chemical hydride process. The separation factors of C6H6/H2 and C6H12/H2 in the ternary mixture system were 7500 and 300, respectively. The ionic liquid membrane showed an excellent possibility as a technology of H2 purification in the organic chemical hydride process by removing aromatic hydrocarbon and cycloalkane simultaneously from the ternary system. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 624–628, 2016
Core–shell emulsion polymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate in the presence of polymerizable emulsifier
Authors: Li Ping , Zhou Zhiping , Ma Weiwei , Hao Tongfan 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTA series of core–shell polymeric particles of styrene butyl acrylate were successfully prepared in the presence of polymerizable emulsifier. The compositions of the emulsions obtained were confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry. Latexes and emulsion films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The thermostability of emulsion films was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the existence of polymerizable emulsifier could enhance the solid content of the emulsion and the monomer conversion. The optimum mass ratio of polymerizable emulsifier to traditional emulsifier was 1:1, and the polymerizable emulsifier can participate in the emulsion polymerization perfectly. An emulsion with reverse core–shell particles exhibited better hydrophobic properties and thermostability than one with traditional core–shell particles. The film formed by the emulsion with reverse core–shell particles had lower water absorption, and it could be used in the fields of coatings, surface sizing agents, and spinning. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43091.
Competitive outcome of multiple infections in a behavior‐manipulating virus/wasp interaction
Authors: Martinez Julien , Fleury Frédéric , Varaldi Julien 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInfections by multiple parasites are common in nature and may impact the evolution of host–parasite interactions. We investigated the existence of multiple infections involving the DNA virus LbFV and the Drosophila parasitoid Leptopilina boulardi. This vertically transmitted virus forces infected females to lay their eggs in already parasitized Drosophila larvae (a behavior called superparasitism), thus favoring its spread through horizontal transmission. Previous theoretical work indicated that the evolution of the level of the manipulation strongly depends on whether infected parasitoids can be re‐infected or not. Here, we describe a strain of LbFV that differs from the reference strain by showing a deletion within the locus used for PCR detection. We used this polymorphism to test for the existence of multiple infections in this system. Viral strains did not differ on their vertical or horizontal transmission rates nor on the way they affect the parasitoid's phenotype, including their ability to manipulate behavior. Although already infected parasitoids were much less susceptible to new infection than uninfected ones, frequent coinfection was detected. However, following coinfection, competition between viral strains led to the rapid elimination of one strain or the other after a few generations of vertical transmission. We discuss the implications of these results for the evolution of the behavioral manipulation.
On characterizing the temporal dominance patterns of model parameters and processes
Authors: Guse Björn , Pfannerstill Matthias , Strauch Michael , Reusser Dominik E. , Lüdtke Stefan , Volk Martin , Gupta Hoshin , Fohrer Nicola 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDiagnostic analyses of hydrological models intend to improve the understanding of how processes and their dynamics are represented in models. Temporal patterns of parameter dominance could be precisely characterized with a temporally resolved parameter sensitivity analysis. In this way, the discharge conditions are characterized, that lead to a parameter dominance in the model. To achieve this, the analysis of temporal dynamics in parameter sensitivity is enhanced by including additional information in a three‐tiered framework on different aggregation levels. Firstly, temporal dynamics of parameter sensitivity provide daily time series of their sensitivities to detect variations in the dominance of model parameters. Secondly, the daily sensitivities are related to the flow duration curve (FDC) to emphasize high sensitivities of model parameters in relation to specific discharge magnitudes. Thirdly, parameter sensitivities are monthly averaged separately for five segments of the FDC to detect typical patterns of parameter dominances for different discharge magnitudes. The three methodical steps are applied on two contrasting catchments (upland and lowland catchment) to demonstrate how the temporal patterns of parameter dynamics represent different hydrological regimes. The discharge dynamic in the lowland catchment is controlled by groundwater parameters for all discharge magnitudes. In contrast, different processes are relevant in the upland catchment, because the dominances of parameters from fast and slow runoff components in the upland catchment are changing over the year for the different discharge magnitudes. The joined interpretation of these three diagnostic steps provides deeper insights of how model parameters represent hydrological dynamics in models for different discharge magnitudes. Thus, this diagnostic framework leads to a better characterization of model parameters and their temporal dynamics and helps to understand the process behaviour in hydrological models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glenohumeral joint reaction forces increase with critical shoulder angles representative of osteoarthritis—A biomechanical analysis
Authors: Viehöfer Arnd F. , Snedeker Jess G. , Baumgartner Daniel , Gerber Christian 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) of the glenohumeral joint constitutes the most frequent indication for nontraumatic shoulder joint replacement. Recently, a small critical shoulder angle (CSA) was found to be associated with a high prevalence of OA. This study aims to verify the hypothesis that a small CSA leads to higher glenohumeral joint reaction forces during activities of daily living than a normal CSA. A shoulder simulator with simulated deltoid (DLT), supraspinatus (SSP), infraspinatus/teres minor (ISP/TM), and subscapularis (SSC) musculotendinous units was constructed. The DLT wrapping on the humerus was simulated using a pulley that could be horizontally adjusted to simulate the 28° CSA found in OA or the 33° CSA found in disease‐free shoulders. Over a range of motion between 6° and 82° of thoracohumeral abduction joint forces were measured using a six‐axis load cell. An OA‐associated CSA yielded higher net joint reaction forces than a normal CSA over the entire range of motion. The maximum difference of 26.4 N (8.5%) was found at 55° of thoracohumeral abduction. Our model thus suggests that a CSA typical for OA predisposes the glenohumeral joint to higher joint reaction forces and could plausibly play a role in joint overloading and development of OA. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1047–1052, 2016.
Characterizing mixed phosphonic acid ligand capping on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots using ligand exchange and NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Davidowski Stephen K. , Lisowski Carmen E. , Yarger Jeffery L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe ligand capping of phosphonic acid functionalized CdSe/ZnS core–shell quantum dots (QDs) was investigated with a combination of solution and solid‐state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Two phosphonic acid ligands were used in the synthesis of the QDs, tetradecylphosphonic acid and ethylphosphonic acid. Both alkyl phosphonic acids showed broad liquid and solid‐state 31P NMR resonances for the bound ligands, indicative of heterogeneous binding to the QD surface. In order to quantify the two ligand populations on the surface, ligand exchange facilitated by phenylphosphonic acid resulted in the displacement of the ethylphosphonic acid and tetradecylphosphonic acid and allowed for quantification of the free ligands using 31P liquid‐state NMR. After washing away the free ligand, two broad resonances were observed in the liquids' 31P NMR corresponding to the alkyl and aromatic phosphonic acids. The washed samples were analyzed via solid‐state 31P NMR, which confirmed the ligand populations on the surface following the ligand exchange process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Which is more important for reducing the odds of metabolic syndrome in men: Cardiorespiratory or muscular fitness?
Authors: Mišigoj‐Duraković Marjeta , Sorić Maroje , Matika Dario , Jukić Igor , Duraković Zijad 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo examine combined associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) with metabolic syndrome (MetSy) in a sample of young men.MethodsParticipants were 557 men aged 19‐47 years. CRF was quantified as peak oxygen uptake measured during an incremental treadmill test by a metabolic cart, while a composite MF score was calculated as the sum of z‐scores from a push‐ups and sit‐ups test. The presence of MetSy was defined according to the updated NCEP‐ATP III criteria.ResultsWe found a graded inverse relationship between CRF and MetSy presence. The most aerobically fit individuals had 90% lower odds of having MetSy compared to their least fit counterparts, independent of MF (odds ratio [OR] = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.04‐0.21). Conversely, an increment in MF across the first three quartiles was not associated with lower odds of MetSy; only the most muscularly fit men were 2.5 times less likely to have MetSy (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.21‐0.78). Finally, participants with high CRF but low MF exhibited a 50% decrease in odds of having MetSy (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.26‐0.91), while no protective effect was found for having high MF but low CRF (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.55‐1.62).ConclusionsCRF exhibited a strong protective effect against having MetSy, while the effect of MF was less pronounced.
Randomized trial of a prevention intervention that embeds weight‐related messages within a general parenting program
Authors: Haines Jess , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Gross Deborah , McDonald Julia , Kleinman Ken , Gillman Matthew W. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the extent to which an obesity prevention intervention that embeds obesity‐related messages within a parenting program, compared with controls who received weekly mailings, resulted in a smaller increase in children's BMI (primary outcome) and improvements in weight‐related behaviors from baseline to 9‐month follow‐up.MethodsFifty‐six families were randomly assigned to the intervention and 56 to control. Children were primarily Hispanic (58%) or Black/African American (23%). Intervention included nine weekly: group parenting sessions, children's sessions, and homework assignments. At baseline, post‐intervention, and 9‐month follow‐up, staff assessed children's weight and height. Parents completed surveys assessing parenting skills, feeding behaviors, and children's weight‐related behaviors.ResultsFrom baseline to 9‐month follow‐up, BMI decreased by a mean of 0.13 kg m−2 among children in the intervention and increased by 0.21 kg m−2 among children in the control, resulting in a nonsignificant difference (multivariate adjusted difference = −0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.23, 0.51; P = 0.41). Parents in the intervention decreased restrictive feeding practices relative to control (−0.30; 95% CI −0.53, −0.07; P = 0.01). Intervention and control arms showed similar changes in children's weight‐related behaviors.ConclusionsThe intervention improved restrictive feeding but did not influence children's BMI or weight‐related behaviors compared to controls who received weekly mailings.
One‐year outcomes of an intense workplace cardio‐metabolic risk reduction program among high‐risk employees: The My Unlimited Potential
Authors: Rouseff Maribeth , Aneni Ehimen C. , Guzman Henry , Das Sankalp , Brown Doris , Osondu Chukwuemeka U. , Spatz Erica , Shaffer Brandon , Santiago‐Charles Joann , Ochoa Teresa , Mora Joseph , Gilliam Cynthia , Lehn Virginia , Sherriff Shoshana , Tran Thinh H. , Post Janisse , Veledar Emir , Feldman Theodore , Agatston Arthur S. , Nasir Khurram 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveThis study details 6‐ and 12‐month cardio‐metabolic outcomes of an intense 12‐week workplace lifestyle intervention program, the My Unlimited Potential (MyUP), conducted in a large healthcare organization.MethodsThis study was conducted among 230 employees of Baptist Health South Florida with high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Employees were considered at high risk and eligible for the study if they had two or more of the following cardio‐metabolic risk factors: total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2.ResultsAt the end of 12 weeks, there was significant reduction in the mean BMI, SBP and DBP, serum lipids, and HbA1c among persons with diabetes. At 1 year, there was significant decline in the mean BMI, SBP and DBP, HbA1c, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, and in the prevalence of poor BP control, BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, and abnormal HbA1c among all persons and those with diabetes.ConclusionsThis intensive 12‐week lifestyle change program was successful at improving cardio‐metabolic risk factors at 1 year. This study provides a template for other workplace programs aimed at improving CVD risk in high‐risk employees.
Weight loss on low‐fat vs. low‐carbohydrate diets by insulin resistance status among overweight adults and adults with obesity: A randomized pilot trial
Authors: Gardner Christopher D. , Offringa Lisa C. , Hartle Jennifer C. , Kapphahn Kris , Cherin Rise 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo test for differential weight loss response to low‐fat (LF) vs. low‐carbohydrate (LC) diets by insulin resistance status with emphasis on overall quality of both diets.MethodsSixty‐one adults, BMI 28‐40 kg/m2, were randomized in a 2 × 2 design to LF or LC by insulin resistance status in this pilot study. Primary outcome was 6‐month weight change. Participants were characterized as more insulin resistant (IR) or more insulin sensitive (IS) by median split of baseline insulin‐area‐under‐the‐curve from an oral glucose tolerance test. Intervention consisted of 14 one‐hour class‐based educational sessions.ResultsBaseline % carbohydrate:% fat:% protein was 44:38:18. At 6 months, the LF group reported 57:21:22 and the LC group reported 22:53:25 (IR and IS combined). Six‐month weight loss (kg) was 7.4 ± 6.0 (LF‐IR), 10.4 ± 7.8 (LF‐IS), 9.6 ± 6.6 (LC‐IR), and 8.6 ± 5.6 (LC‐IS). No significant main effects were detected for weight loss by diet group or IR status; there was no significant diet × IR interaction. Significant differences in several secondary outcomes were observed.ConclusionsSubstantial weight loss was achieved overall, but a significant diet × IR status interaction was not observed. Opportunity to detect differential response may have been limited by the focus on high diet quality for both diet groups and sample size.
Modulation of IL‐27 in adipocytes during inflammatory stress
Authors: Nam Heesun , Ferguson Bradley S. , Stephens Jacqueline M. , Morrison Ron F. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveWhile it is well established that adipose tissue‐derived inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms linking obesity with metabolic dysfunction, the inflammatory mediators involved have not been fully elucidated. Here, we explored IL‐12 family cytokines with a focus on IL‐27 during obesity‐induced inflammation in mice and cultured adipocytes (ADs) following exposure to inflammatory stimuli.MethodsRelative mRNA abundance of IL‐12 cytokines was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in genetically obese B6‐ob/ob mice as well as C57BL/6J mice fed a high‐fat diet and in ADs following exposure to inflammatory stimuli. Protein secretion of cytokines into culture media was assessed by ELISA, and the biological outcome of IL‐27 stimulation was assessed by RT‐PCR and immunoblotting.ResultsHeterodimeric subunits constituting IL‐27 were significantly induced in obese mice. While all IL‐12 genes were markedly induced by inflammatory stress in cultured ADs, IL‐27 protein was the only cytokine secreted into culture media in response to inflammatory stress. Cultured ADs also responded to IL‐27 stimulation with divergent outcomes that were dependent on the inflammatory milieu of target cells.ConclusionsThese findings support the premise of autocrine/paracrine mechanisms involving IL‐27 in ADs under conditions of inflammatory stress that may link obesity with inflammatory diseases.