bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling temperature inversion in southeastern Yellow Sea during winter 2016
Authors: Pang Ig‐Chan , Moon Jae‐Hong , Lee Joon‐Ho , Hong Ji‐Seok , Pang Sung‐Jun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA significant temperature inversion with temperature differences larger than 3°C was observed in the southeastern Yellow Sea (YS) during February 2016. By analyzing in situ hydrographic profiles and results from a regional ocean model for the YS, this study examines the spatiotemporal evolution of the temperature inversion and its connection with wind‐induced currents in winter. Observations reveal that in winter, when the northwesterly wind prevails over the YS, the temperature inversion occurs largely at the frontal zone southwest of Korea where warm/saline water of a Kuroshio origin meets cold/fresh coastal water. Our model successfully captures the temperature inversion observed in the winter of 2016 and suggests a close relation between northwesterly wind bursts and the occurrence of the large inversion. In this respect, the strong northwesterly wind drove cold coastal water southward in the upper layer via Ekman transport, which pushed the water mass southward and increased the sea level slope in the frontal zone in southeastern YS. The intensified sea level slope propagated northward away from the frontal zone as a shelf wave, causing a northward upwind flow response along the YS trough in the lower layer, thereby resulting in the large temperature inversion. Diagnostic analysis of the momentum balance shows that the westward pressure gradient, which developed with shelf wave propagation along the YS trough, was balanced with the Coriolis force in accordance with the northward upwind current in and around the inversion area.
Evaluation of stability of stereotactic space defined by cone‐beam CT for the Leksell Gamma Knife Icon
Authors: AlDahlawi Ismail , Prasad Dheerendra , Podgorsak Matthew B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Gamma Knife Icon comes with an integrated cone‐beam CT (CBCT) for image‐guided stereotactic treatment deliveries. The CBCT can be used for defining the Leksell stereotactic space using imaging without the need for the traditional invasive frame system, and this allows also for frameless thermoplastic mask stereotactic treatments (single or fractionated) with the Gamma Knife unit. In this study, we used an in‐house built marker tool to evaluate the stability of the CBCT‐based stereotactic space and its agreement with the standard frame‐based stereotactic space. We imaged the tool with a CT indicator box using our CT‐simulator at the beginning, middle, and end of the study period (6 weeks) for determining the frame‐based stereotactic space. The tool was also scanned with the Icon's CBCT on a daily basis throughout the study period, and the CBCT images were used for determining the CBCT‐based stereotactic space. The coordinates of each marker were determined in each CT and CBCT scan using the Leksell GammaPlan treatment planning software. The magnitudes of vector difference between the means of each marker in frame‐based and CBCT‐based stereotactic space ranged from 0.21 to 0.33 mm, indicating good agreement of CBCT‐based and frame‐based stereotactic space definition. Scanning 4‐month later showed good prolonged stability of the CBCT‐based stereotactic space definition.
Measuring the Choice of Environmental Sustainability Strategies in Creating a Competitive Advantage
Authors: Walsh Philip R. , Dodds Rachel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEnvironmental sustainability has often been claimed as a means to providing a competitive advantage by encouraging efficiencies, attracting customers and obtaining business. This work critically considers this idea in the context of the hotel industry by comparing the strategic intent and implementation of sustainability initiatives in hotels across North America. Environmental sustainability strategies can employ a low cost, a differentiated or a hybrid (a combination of the two) approach to creating a competitive advantage. Controlling for the type and age of hotel we find that the hotels sampled in this study used a combination of all three approaches but tended to rely on their need to create environmental sustainability legitimacy by placing an emphasis on differentiation through environmental sustainability branding. A lack of recognition by management of the contribution to their future economic success that low cost strategies can provide has implications for hotel owners. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Characterizing the outcomes of metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Connor Wells John , Donskov Frede , Fraccon Anna P. , Pasini Felice , Bjarnason Georg A. , Beuselinck Benoit , Knox Jennifer J. , Rha Sun Young , Agarwal Neeraj , Bowman Isaac Alex , Lee Jae‐Lyun , Pal Sumanta K. , Srinivas Sandy , Scott Ernst Douglas , Vaishampayan Ulka N. , Wood Lori A. , Simpson Robin , De Velasco Guillermo , Choueiri Toni K. , Heng Daniel Y. C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOutcomes of metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) patients are poorly characterized in the era of targeted therapy. A total of 5474 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in the International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) were retrospectively analyzed. Outcomes were compared between clear cell (ccRCC; n = 5008) and papillary patients (n = 466), and recorded type I and type II papillary patients (n = 30 and n = 165, respectively). Overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall response rate (ORR) favored ccRCC over pRCC. OS was 8 months longer in ccRCC patients and the hazard ratio of death was 0.71 for ccRCC patients. No differences in PFS or ORR were detected between type I and II PRCC in this limited dataset. The median OS for type I pRCC was 20.0 months while the median OS for type II was 12.6 months (P = 0.096). The IMDC prognostic model was able to stratify pRCC patients into favorable risk (OS = 34.1 months), intermediate risk (OS = 17.0 months), and poor‐risk groups (OS = 6.0 months). pRCC patient outcomes were inferior to ccRCC, even after controlling for IMDC prognostic factors. The IMDC prognostic model was able to effectively stratify pRCC patients.
Effect of nanosilver on metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): An investigation using different respirometric approaches
Authors: Murray Laura , Rennie Michael D. , Svendsen Jon C. , Enders Eva C. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Nanosilver (nAg) has been incorporated into many consumer products, including clothing and washing machines, because of its antimicrobial properties. Consequently, the potential for its release into aquatic environments is of significant concern. Documented toxic effects on fish include altered gene expression, gill damage, and impaired gas exchange, as well as mortality at high nAg concentrations. The present study reports the effects of nAg on the metabolism of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.28 ± 0.02 μg/L) and higher (47.60 ± 5.13 μg/L) for 28 d, after which their standard metabolic rate (SMR), forced maximum metabolic rate (MMRf), and spontaneous maximum metabolic rate (MMRs) were measured. There was no effect observed in SMR, MMRf, or MMRs, suggesting that nAg is unlikely to directly affect fish metabolism. On average, MMRs tended to be greater than MMRf, and most MMRs occurred when room lighting increased. The timing of MMRf chase protocols was found to affect both MMRf and SMR estimates, in that chasing fish before respirometric experiments caused higher MMRf estimates and lower SMR estimates. Although compounded effects involving nAg and other environmental stressors remain unknown, the present study indicates that the tested range of nAg is unlikely to constrain fish metabolism. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2722–2729. © 2017 SETAC
Expanding Audio Access to Mathematics Expressions by Students With Visual Impairments via MathML
Authors: Frankel Lois , Brownstein Beth , Soiffer Neil 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis report describes the pilot conducted in the final phase of a project, Expanding Audio Access to Mathematics Expressions by Students With Visual Impairments via MathML, to provide easy‐to‐use tools for authoring and rendering secondary‐school algebra‐level math expressions in synthesized speech that is useful for students with blindness or low vision. The pilot evaluated the authoring and speech‐rendition tools, including interactive navigation. Teachers participated in the portion of the study that evaluated the authoring tools. Secondary school students with blindness or low vision participated in the portion that evaluated the speech‐rendition and navigation tools, comparing those tools to each student's usual method (braille or print) for working with math. The teachers received an interactive authoring tutorial and the students received an interactive navigation tutorial before using the tools studied. Prior to the pilot, feedback studies on authoring and navigation gathered information that was used to fine‐tune the tutorials and the functionalities being evaluated. In the pilot we attempted to simulate a likely use‐case for each group. In the students' case, the tools for reading and navigating spoken mathematics were compared directly with the methods each student typically used for reading math (braille or print in a size appropriate for the student). Teachers and content providers were instructed to author math expressions that matched those used in the pilot instruments given to the students. The studies showed that the authoring tools were easy for teachers to use as intended and that little observable difference existed between students' success in answering math and math‐parsing questions when using the spoken math tools and their success in answering parallel questions posed in braille or print of appropriate size. Please see Appendix E for information on obtaining a version of this report that is fully accessible using the tools described.
Game theoretical mapping of causal interactions underlying visuo‐spatial attention in the human brain based on stroke lesions
Authors: Toba Monica N. , Zavaglia Melissa , Rastelli Federica , Valabrégue Romain , Pradat‐Diehl Pascale , Valero‐Cabré Antoni , Hilgetag Claus C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnatomical studies conducted in neurological conditions have developed our understanding of the causal relationships between brain lesions and their clinical consequences. The analysis of lesion patterns extended across brain networks has been particularly useful in offering new insights on brain–behavior relationships. Here we applied multiperturbation Shapley value Analysis (MSA), a multivariate method based on coalitional game theory inferring causal regional contributions to specific behavioral outcomes from the characteristic functional deficits after stroke lesions. We established the causal patterns of contributions and interactions of nodes of the attentional orienting network on the basis of lesion and behavioral data from 25 right hemisphere stroke patients tested in visuo‐spatial attention tasks. We calculated the percentage of damaged voxels for five right hemisphere cortical regions contributing to attentional orienting, involving seven specific Brodmann Areas (BA): Frontal Eye Fields, (FEF‐BA6), Intraparietal Sulcus (IPS‐BA7), Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG‐BA44/BA45), Temporo‐Parietal Junction (TPJ‐BA39/BA40), and Inferior Occipital Gyrus (IOG‐BA19). We computed the MSA contributions of these seven BAs to three behavioral clinical tests (line bisection, bells cancellation, and letter cancelation). Our analyses indicated IPS as the main contributor to the attentional orienting and also revealed synergistic influences among IPS, TPJ, and IOG (for bells cancellation and line bisection) and between TPJ and IFG (for bells and letter cancellation tasks). The findings demonstrate the ability of the MSA approach to infer plausible causal contributions of relevant right hemisphere sites in poststroke visuo‐spatial attention and awareness disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3454–3471, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Erdj3 Has an Essential Role for Z Variant Alpha‐1‐Antitrypsin Degradation
Authors: Khodayari Nazli , Marek George , Lu Yuanqing , Krotova Karina , Wang Rejean Liqun , Brantly Mark 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTAlpha‐1‐antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an inherited disease characterized by emphysema and liver disease. AATD is most often caused by a single amino acid substitution at amino acid 342 in the mature protein, resulting in the Z mutation of the alpha‐1‐antitrypsin gene (ZAAT). This substitution is associated with misfolding and accumulation of ZAAT in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes and monocytes, causing a toxic gain of function. Retained ZAAT is eliminated by ER‐associated degradation and autophagy. We hypothesized that alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (AAT)‐interacting proteins play critical roles in quality control of human AAT. Using co‐immunoprecipitation, we identified ERdj3, an ER‐resident Hsp40 family member, as a part of the AAT trafficking network. Depleting ERdj3 increased the rate of ZAAT degradation in hepatocytes by redirecting ZAAT to the ER calreticulin‐EDEM1 pathway, followed by autophagosome formation. In the Huh7.5 cell line, ZAAT ER clearance resulted from enhancing ERdj3‐mediated ZAAT degradation by silencing ERdj3 while simultaneously enhancing autophagy. In this context, ERdj3 suppression may eliminate the toxic gain of function associated with polymerization of ZAAT, thus providing a potential new therapeutic approach to the treatment of AATD‐related liver disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3090–3101, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Activation of TLR7 Inhibition of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Survival by Autophagy in RAW 264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Bao Meng , Yi Zhengjun , Fu Yurong 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of regulation of TLR7 on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) survival in macrophages. TLR7 expression in macrophages infected by Mtb was detected by RT‐PCR and Western blotting. Regulation of TLR7 was achieved by single strand RNA (ssRNA) or siRNA. The effects of TLR7 on Mtb survival and cell viability were detected by acid fast staining and cell counting kit‐8, respectively. Cell ultrastructure was observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and autophagy related protein LC3 was analyzed by Western blotting. TLR7 in Mtb infected macrophages was up‐regulated and up‐regulation of TLR7 could eliminate intracellular Mtb. Up‐regulation of TLR7 could increase viability of Mtb infected cells, while down‐regulation of TLR7 induced decrease of cell viability compared with the controls. Autophagosome was significantly increased in the Mtb infected macrophages after up‐regulation of TLR7 and LC3‐II protein showed obvious increase compared with the controls. Autophagosome could not be detected in macrophages after down‐regulation of TLR7, rough endoplasmic reticulum was dilated, and nuclear week gap was widened. Moreover, LC3‐II protein was reduced in Mtb infected macrophages based upon the down‐regulation of TLR7. Up‐regulation of TLR7 could eliminate intracellular Mtb through autophagy. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4222–4229, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Profiling of anthocyanins in transgenic purple‐fleshed sweet potatoes by HPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Ge Jingqiu , Hu Yijie , Wang Hongxia , Huang Yuanshe , Zhang Peng , Liao Zhihua , Chen Min 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnthocyanins in purple‐fleshed sweet potato (PSP) are beneficial to human health. The leaf color (Lc) gene is a transcription factor involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. The anthocyanin profiles of wild‐type PSP of Ayamurasaki and its three Lc‐transgenic lines were investigated by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). In vitro antioxidant activities of wild‐type and Lc‐transgenic lines, including reducing power activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, linoleic acid autoxidation inhibition activity, ABTS free radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity activity, were measured.RESULTSThe results showed that the total anthocyanin contents increased 1.5–1.9 times in three transgenic lines compared with that in wild‐type PSP. Seventeen anthocyanins were found in wild‐type PSP, while 19 in Lc‐transgenic lines including cyanidin‐based, peonidin‐based and pelargonidin‐based anthocyanins. Three pelargonidin‐based anthocyanins were detected in three Lc‐transgenic lines. Among them, the relative contents of cyanidin‐based and pelargonidin‐based anthocyanins increased 1.9–2.0 and 3.4–4.5 times respectively, while peonidin‐based anthocyanins decreased 1.8–1.9 times in Lc‐transgenic lines, compared with wild‐type PSP. PSP from wild‐type Ayamurasaki and three Lc‐transgenic lines exhibited potent antioxidant activities, whereas there was no distinct difference among them.CONCLUSIONThe transgene Lc significantly increased the content of total anthocyanins and remarkably changed the anthocyanin profiles in Ayamurasaki. Such novel and high content of anthocyanins obtained in the Lc‐transgenic lines with potent antioxidant activities may provide unique functional products with potential helpful for human health. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Land use and topography bend and break fractal rules of water body size‐distributions
Authors: Steele Meredith K. , Heffernan James B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe size‐distributions of inland water bodies (WB) within different regions often poorly conform to geophysically based theoretical models (power‐law: y = axβ); however, the causes of these deviations remain unknown. Therefore, we compared WB abundance and size‐distribution parameters (slope [β] and model fit [r2]) in 164 regions in the United States with varying topography, climate, and agricultural intensity. We found all three factors influenced WB size‐distributions and their fit to expected models. WB size‐distributions in steeper terrain had more small WB and better fit power‐law models, while regions with flatter terrain and greater precipitation had poorer fits. Extensive agriculture increased the proportion of small WB, causing distributions in some regions to fall outside theoretically predicted limits (βCDF < −1). Regional variation of WB size‐distributions can help develop and test integrated theory that accounts for geophysical and anthropogenic drivers of WB sizes, which is essential for scaling biogeochemical processes in aquatic systems.
Application of spin echoes in the regime of weak dephasing to T1‐mapping of the lung
Authors: Assländer Jakob , Glaser Steffen J. , Hennig Jürgen 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis work presents an approach to mapping the entire lung's proton density and T1 within a single breath‐hold and analyzes the apparent T1 when exciting with a spin echo generating pulse in comparison to a standard gradient echo acquisition.MethodsAn inversion‐recovery SNAPSHOT‐FLASH sequence with a stack‐of‐stars k‐space readout with a golden angle increment was modified to use a spin echo generating radiofrequency‐pulse for excitation. Data of five volunteers were acquired on a 3T scanner and image reconstruction was performed by an iterative algorithm adopted from MR‐Fingerprinting.ResultsThe feasibility of acquiring quantitative maps of the entire lung with a resolution of 5 × 5 × 10 mm within 7.5 s is demonstrated. It is shown that the proposed spin echo forming radiofrequency‐pulse increases the apparent proton density compared to a rectangular pulse. Further, the apparent T1 is reduced in the spin echo case compared to the gradient echo sequence.ConclusionThe proposed spin echo based method results in T1 maps that are comparable to the ones that were acquired with ultra‐short echo time sequences elsewhere. The T1 shortening is believed to originate from increased signal contributions of the extra vascular compartment, which has a short
and T1. Magn Reson Med 79:960–967, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Sharp bounds for the reliability of systems and mixtures with ordered components
Authors: Miziuła Patryk , Navarro Jorge 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this article, we study how to derive bounds for the reliability and the expected lifetime of a coherent system with heterogeneous ordered components. These bounds can be used to compare the performance of the systems obtained by permuting the components at a given system structure, that is, to study where we should place the different components at a system structure to get the most reliable system. Moreover, a similar procedure is applied to get bounds for mixtures and for the generalized proportional hazard rate model when the baseline populations are ordered. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 108–116, 2017
Antepartum management and obstetric outcomes among pregnancies with Down syndrome from diagnosis to delivery
Authors: Guseh Stephanie H. , Little Sarah E. , Bennett Katherine , Silva Virginia , Wilkins‐Haug Louise E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about the obstetric care of an ongoing pregnancy with trisomy 21. We sought to ascertain an obstetric profile for pregnancies with Down syndrome to help guide prenatal management.MethodPregnancies managed for delivery with trisomy 21 between 2003 and 2014 were analyzed. We reviewed demographic data, diagnostic testing, prenatal surveillance, obstetric outcomes, and placental pathology. T‐test, chi‐squared test, and Fisher correction were used as indicated.ResultsSixty‐eight pregnancies were identified, and four women (5.9%) experienced a loss during the pregnancy. Among the remaining 64 pregnancies, the average gestational age at delivery was 36.9 weeks, growth restriction was present in 12 (17.5%), and major anomalies were present in 51 (75.0%). Delivery was undertaken for non‐reassuring fetal surveillance in 35.9% of the pregnancies; 93% of which represented a change from prior reassuring surveillance and 52.6% of which demonstrated histopathologic evidence of placental insufficiency. None among increased maternal age, the presence of an anomaly, or growth restriction were significantly more common in the group with non‐reassuring surveillance.ConclusionThere are high rates of fetal growth restriction, delivery for non‐reassuring fetal status, and evidence of placental insufficiency among affected pregnancies, suggesting a role for antepartum surveillance. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.