bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteria Foraging Algorithm Based Optimal Multi Sink Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bose Pitchaimanickam , Gurusamy Murugaboopathi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are mainly utilized for time sensitive applications such as forest fire detection systems and health monitoring systems. Sensor nodes are operated on low power and limited computation process. It is essential to develop the solution for planning the topological area. Multiple sinks are located in the network and reduce the number of hops between the sensors and its sinks. We propose an efficient technique based on Bacteria Foraging Algorithm to identify the best optimal locations of sinks. The experimental results show that average end to end delay is minimized and average energy consumption of sensor nodes are reduced.
Risk of preterm birth by maternal age at first and second pregnancy and race/ethnicity
Authors: Baer Rebecca J. , Yang Juan , Berghella Vincenzo , Chambers Christina D. , Coker Tumaini R. , Kuppermann Miriam , Oltman Scott P. , Rand Larry , Ryckman Kelli K. , Muglia Louis J. , Chung Paul J. , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We examined the risk of preterm birth (PTB, <37 weeks’ gestation) in a second pregnancy and analyzed the extent to which this risk varies by maternal age and race/ethnicity. The sample included nulligravida mothers in California who delivered two singletons between 2005 and 2011. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of PTB in the second pregnancy. Within each race/ethnicity stratum, women delivering term infants in their first pregnancy and between 25 and 34 years old for both pregnancies served as the referent group. There were 2,90,834 women included in the study. Among women who delivered their first infant at term, the odds of delivering their second infant early differed by race and age. Hispanic, Black and Asian non-Hispanic women who were <18 years for both pregnancies were at higher odds of having a PTB in their second pregnancy (adjusted odds ratios 1.7, 3.3 and 2.9, respectively). Asian non-Hispanic women who were <18 years for their first delivery at term and between 18 and 24 years for their second delivery, or were >34 years for both, were also at higher odds of delivering their second baby prematurely (adjusted odds ratios 1.9 and 1.3, respectively). Women who deliver their first infant at <37 weeks of gestation are at 3 to 7 times higher odds of delivering their second infant preterm. Providers should consider including information about these risks in counseling their patients.
Effects of different dormancy-breaking and storage methods on seed tuber sprouting and subsequent yield of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties
Authors: Mustefa Gemeda , Mohammed Wassu , Dechassa Nigussie , Gelmesa Dandena 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Potato is an important food and cash crop which in Ethiopia is produced two or more times in a year. However, its productivity is low owing to a number of constraints including a) limited availability of quality planting materials, and b) poor tuber sprouting due to long dormancy period of improved varieties at the time of planting. Two consecutive experiments were conducted from November 2013 to June 2014: 1) to assess the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and storage methods on seed tuber dormancy breakage of two potato varieties; and 2) to assess the effects of dormancy breakage treatments and storage methods on subsequent growth, yield and related traits of potato crop. The treatments in the first experiment consisted of two potato varieties (Bubu and Bate), three levels of GA3 [0, 10 and 20 parts per million (ppm)], and three storage methods [in diffused light store (DLS), in pit store (PS), and in farm-yard manure (FYM)]. The first trial was laid out as a complete randomized design with four replications and conducted at Haramaya University, Ethiopia. The second trial consisted of seed from each treatment in the first experiment, planted in randomized complete block design with three replications on a farmers’ field. The results showed that varieties, application of GA3 and storage methods as well as the interaction among the variety and treatments significantly affected tuber dormancy period, sprouting characteristics and subsequent tuber yield. When tubers were treated with 20 ppm GA3 and stored under FYM, the dormancy period was reduced from 102.5 and 52 to 36.5 and 31 days in improved and farmer’s variety, respectively. Tuber treatment with 20 ppm GA3 and stored under DLS, PS, and FYM, increased marketable tuber yield by 31.6%, 29.6%, and 33.6%, respectively for Bubu variety and by 92.5%, 78.4%, and 80.9% for Bate variety, respectively compared to non-GA3 treated tubers stored under DLS, PS, and FYM. However, tubers of improved variety Bubu treated with 20 ppm GA3 and stored under DLS produced the highest marketable tuber yield of 34.20 ton per ha. Tuber quality attributes (specific gravity, dry matter, and total starch content) were affected only due to interaction effects of variety and GA3 application with the highest values at 20 ppm GA3 for improved potato variety Bubu. In general, the research indicated that treating seed tubers with GA3 and storing under DLS, PS or FYM promoted early tuber sprouting and better tuber yield of both varieties. These results suggest that, use of GA3 treatment combined with different storage methods enhances early tuber sprouting and increases tuber yield. Nevertheless, further research should be continued to evaluate different potato varieties, GA3 treatment, and storage methods under different atmospheric conditions and production seasons.
Anti-cancer agents and reactive oxygen species modulators that target cancer cell metabolism
Authors: Ndombera Fidelis Toloyi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Traditionally the perspective on reactive oxygen species (ROS) has centered on the role they play as carcinogenic or cancer-causing radicals. Over the years, characterization and functional studies have revealed the complexity of ROS as signaling molecules that regulate various physiological cellular responses or whose levels are altered in various diseases. Cancer cells often maintain high basal level of ROS and are vulnerable to any further increase in ROS levels beyond a certain protective threshold. Consequently, ROS-modulation has emerged as an anticancer strategy with synthesis of various ROS-inducing or responsive agents that target cancer cells. Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. This mini review highlights the development of compounds that target cancer cells by taking advantage of redox or metabolic alteration in cancer cells.
Reconstituted Parchment: Its Physical Properties and Suitability as a Repair Material for Parchment Bindings
Authors: Watanabe Mariko 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this study, the suitability of reconstituted parchment as a repair material for three-dimensional and movable parts of books, such as joints and the spine, was assessed. Reconstituted parchment sheets were produced with the “dry method” following five recipes: Budapest, Giovannini’s, Forstmeyer’s, Wouters’ and a new recipe. Tensile and lap-shear resistances were tested. Half the samples for the tensile and the lap-shear tests were folded 1, 000 times to model the mechanical stress. As the result of the tests, Forstmeyer’s reconstituted parchment was applied with 3 % (w/v) gelatin mousse to repair damaged spines of parchment book models.
An overview of the reaction conditions for an efficient photoconversion of CO2
Authors: Meryem Syeda Shaima , Nasreen Sadia , Siddique Maria , Khan Romana 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) emission is one of the well-known causes of global warming. Photoconversion of CO2to useful chemical compounds using solar energy is an attractive approach as it reduces the major greenhouse gas and promises a sustainable energy source. This method involves radical-chain reactions that form cation and anion radicals generated as a result of the reaction with photogenerated electrons (e−) and holes (h+) between metal oxide photocatalyst and the reactants. Therefore, the product distribution of a modified photocatalyst even under specific reaction conditions is difficult to predict. The CO2photocatalytic reduction process is controlled by several conditions such as reactor configuration, photocatalyst type, and nature of the reducing agents. Here, we review the parameters such as temperature, pH, CO2pressure, type of reductant, role of co-catalysts, dopants, and type of photocatalysts that influence the end products of the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. In this review, the different modifications recommended for the photocatalysts to improve CO2reduction and receive maximum valuable end product (methane, ethanol, methanol, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide) have been listed. The discussion also includes specific behaviors of photocatalysts which lead to different product distribution. It has been noted that different metal and nonmetal dopants improve the activity of a photocatalyst and influence the end product distribution by altering the active species. Similarly, the key factors, i.e. size, morphology and doping, which have been ruling the photocatalytic activity of CO2reduction under UV or visible light irradiation have been identified.
Professional Education and Training of Family Physicians at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
Authors: Dulksnienė Liudmila , Stankevičienė Sigutė , Ramanauskas Irmantas , Šarkauskienė Laima 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The changing approach to a physician’s profession brings about changes in the professional education and training of family physicians as well as in their continuous qualification improvement. For this reason, during the reformation of Lithuania’s primary healthcare system, not only alterations in family physicians’ activity, but also the changes in their education and training and the updating and improvement of their curriculum were seen as priority areas.
The aim of the study was to reveal and compare resident physicians’ attitude to the peculiarities of the professional education and training of family physicians based on the traditional and problem-based learning systems at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (subsequently, LSMU).
The study on the professional education and training of family physicians was conducted in 2005 and in 2015. The quantitative study was carried out via a written questionnaire survey. The studied population consisted of resident physicians who were studying family medicine at the LSMU.
The analysis of the peculiarities of the professional education and training of family physicians showed that resident physicians acquired sufficient knowledge and skills in the fields of disease diagnostics and treatment, qualification improvement, disease prevention, and teamwork organization. Resident physicians had insufficient skills to adapt to new conditions of activity, and their studies did not develop creative thinking. The problem-based learning (PBL) system helps future family physicians to develop essential competences and to acquire knowledge and skills required for the career of a family physician.
Biotechnology for bioenergy dedicated trees: meeting future energy demands
Authors: Al-Ahmad Hani 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWith the increase in human demands for energy, purpose-grown woody crops could be part of the global renewable energy solution, especially in geographical regions where plantation forestry is feasible and economically important. In addition, efficient utilization of woody feedstocks would engage in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, decreasing the challenge of food and energy security, and resolving the conflict between land use for food or biofuel production. This review compiles existing knowledge on biotechnological and genomics-aided improvements of biomass performance of purpose-grown poplar, willow, eucalyptus and pine species, and their relative hybrids, for efficient and sustainable bioenergy applications. This includes advancements in tree in vitro regeneration, and stable expression or modification of selected genes encoding desirable traits, which enhanced growth and yield, wood properties, site adaptability, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Genetic modifications used to alter lignin/cellulose/hemicelluloses ratio and lignin composition, towards effective lignocellulosic feedstock conversion into cellulosic ethanol, are also examined. Biotech-trees still need to pass challengeable regulatory authorities’ processes, including biosafety and risk assessment analyses prior to their commercialization release. Hence, strategies developed to contain transgenes, or to mitigate potential transgene flow risks, are discussed.
Decorrelated Input Dissociates Narrow Band γ Power and BOLD in Human Visual Cortex
Authors: Butler Russell , Bernier Pierre-Michel , Lefebvre Jérémie , Gilbert Guillaume , Whittingstall Kevin 
Published: April 2017

Although fMRI using the BOLD contrast is widely used for noninvasively mapping hemodynamic brain activity in humans, its exact link to underlying neural processing is poorly understood. Whereas some studies have reported that BOLD signals measured in visual cortex are tightly linked to neural activity in the narrow band γ (NBG) range, others have found a weak correlation between the two. To elucidate the mechanisms behind these conflicting findings, we hypothesized that BOLD reflects the strength of synaptic inputs to cortex, whereas NBG is more dependent on how well these inputs are correlated. To test this, we measured NBG, BOLD, and cerebral blood flow responses to stimuli that either correlate or decorrelate neural activity in human visual cortex. Next, we simulated a recurrent network model of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that reproduced in detail the experimental NBG and BOLD data. Results show that the visually evoked BOLD response was solely predicted by the sum of local inputs, whereas NBG was critically dependent on how well these inputs were correlated. In summary, the NBG-BOLD relationship strongly depends on the nature of sensory input to cortex: stimuli that increase the number of correlated inputs to visual cortex will increase NBG and BOLD in a similar manner, whereas stimuli that increase the number of decorrelated inputs will dissociate the two. The NBG-BOLD relationship is therefore not fixed but is rather highly dependent on input correlations that are both stimulus- and state-dependent.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is widely believed that γ oscillations in cortex are tightly linked to local hemodynamic activity. Here, we present experimental evidence showing how a stimulus can increase local blood flow to the brain despite suppressing γ power. Moreover, using a sophisticated model of cortical neurons, it is proposed that this occurs when synaptic input to cortex is strong yet decorrelated. Because input correlations are largely determined by the state of the brain, our results demonstrate that the relationship between γ and local hemodynamics is not fixed, but rather context dependent. This likely explains why certain neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by weak γ activity despite showing normal blood flow.
Transient transcription factor (OSKM) expression is key towards clinical translation of in vivo cell reprogramming
Authors: de Lázaro Irene , Cossu Giulio , Kostarelos Kostas 
Published: April 2017

Reprogramming adult, fully differentiated cells to pluripotency in vivo via Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c‐Myc (OSKM) overexpression has proved feasible in various independent studies and could be used to induce tissue regeneration owing to the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of the reprogrammed cells. However, a number of these reports have described the generation of teratomas caused by sustained reprogramming, which precludes the therapeutic translation of this technology. A recent study by the Izpisúa‐Belmonte laboratory described a cyclic regime for short‐term OSKM expression in vivo that prevents complete reprogramming to the pluripotent state as well as tumorigenesis. We comment here on this and other studies that provide evidence that in vivo OSKM induction can enhance tissue regeneration, while avoiding the feared formation of teratomas. These results could inspire more research to explore the potential of in vivo reprogramming in regenerative medicine.
A spectrum of modularity in multi‐functional gene circuits
Authors: Jiménez Alba , Cotterell James , Munteanu Andreea , Sharpe James 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA major challenge in systems biology is to understand the relationship between a circuit's structure and its function, but how is this relationship affected if the circuit must perform multiple distinct functions within the same organism? In particular, to what extent do multi‐functional circuits contain modules which reflect the different functions? Here, we computationally survey a range of bi‐functional circuits which show no simple structural modularity: They can switch between two qualitatively distinct functions, while both functions depend on all genes of the circuit. Our analysis reveals two distinct classes: hybrid circuits which overlay two simpler mono‐functional sub‐circuits within their circuitry, and emergent circuits, which do not. In this second class, the bi‐functionality emerges from more complex designs which are not fully decomposable into distinct modules and are consequently less intuitive to predict or understand. These non‐intuitive emergent circuits are just as robust as their hybrid counterparts, and we therefore suggest that the common bias toward studying modular systems may hinder our understanding of real biological circuits.
NuA4 Lysine Acetyltransferase Complex Contributes to Phospholipid Homeostasis inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Dacquay Louis , Flint Annika , Butcher James , Salem Danny , Kennedy Michael , Kaern Mads , Stintzi Alain , Baetz Kristin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractActively proliferating cells constantly monitor and readjust their metabolic pathways to ensure the replenishment of phospholipids necessary for membrane biogenesis and intracellular trafficking. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, multiple studies have suggested that the lysine acetyltransferase complex NuA4 plays a role in phospholipid homeostasis. For one, NuA4 mutants induce the expression of the inositol-3-phosphate synthase gene, INO1, which leads to excessive accumulation of inositol, a key metabolite used for phospholipid biosynthesis. Additionally, NuA4 mutants also display negative genetic interactions with sec14-1ts, a mutant of a lipid-binding gene responsible for phospholipid remodeling of the Golgi. Here, using a combination of genetics and transcriptional profiling, we explore the connections between NuA4, inositol, and Sec14. Surprisingly, we found that NuA4 mutants did not suppress but rather exacerbated the growth defects of sec14-1ts under inositol-depleted conditions. Transcriptome studies reveal that while loss of the NuA4 subunit EAF1 in sec14-1ts does derepress INO1 expression, it does not derepress all inositol/choline-responsive phospholipid genes, suggesting that the impact of Eaf1 on phospholipid homeostasis extends beyond inositol biosynthesis. In fact, we find that NuA4 mutants have impaired lipid droplet levels and through genetic and chemical approaches, we determine that the genetic interaction between sec14-1ts and NuA4 mutants potentially reflects a role for NuA4 in fatty acid biosynthesis. Altogether, our work identifies a new role for NuA4 in phospholipid homeostasis.
Genomic-Enabled Prediction in Maize Using Kernel Models with Genotype × Environment Interaction
Authors: Bandeira e Sousa Massaine , Cuevas Jaime , de Oliveira Couto Evellyn Giselly , Pérez-Rodríguez Paulino , Jarquín Diego , Fritsche-Neto Roberto , Burgueño Juan , Crossa Jose 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Multi-environment trials are routinely conducted in plant breeding to select candidates for the next selection cycle. In this study, we compare the prediction accuracy of four developed genomic-enabled prediction models: (1) single-environment, main genotypic effect model (SM); (2) multi-environment, main genotypic effects model (MM); (3) multi-environment, single variance G×E deviation model (MDs); and (4) multi-environment, environment-specific variance G×E deviation model (MDe). Each of these four models were fitted using two kernel methods: a linear kernel Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Predictor, GBLUP (GB), and a nonlinear kernel Gaussian kernel (GK). The eight model-method combinations were applied to two extensive Brazilian maize data sets (HEL and USP data sets), having different numbers of maize hybrids evaluated in different environments for grain yield (GY), plant height (PH), and ear height (EH). Results show that the MDe and the MDs models fitted with the Gaussian kernel (MDe-GK, and MDs-GK) had the highest prediction accuracy. For GY in the HEL data set, the increase in prediction accuracy of SM-GK over SM-GB ranged from 9 to 32%. For the MM, MDs, and MDe models, the increase in prediction accuracy of GK over GB ranged from 9 to 49%. For GY in the USP data set, the increase in prediction accuracy of SM-GK over SM-GB ranged from 0 to 7%. For the MM, MDs, and MDe models, the increase in prediction accuracy of GK over GB ranged from 34 to 70%. For traits PH and EH, gains in prediction accuracy of models with GK compared to models with GB were smaller than those achieved in GY. Also, these gains in prediction accuracy decreased when a more difficult prediction problem was studied.
Genome-Wide Exome Analysis of Cmv5-Disparate Mouse Strains that Differ in Host Resistance to Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Gillespie Alyssa , Lee Heather , Robertson Catherine , Cabot Maya , Brown Michael G 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Host resistance to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) varies in different strains of laboratory mice due to differences in expression of determinants that control and clear viral infection. The major histocompatibility complex class I Dk molecule is one such determinant that controls MCMV through the action of natural killer (NK) cells. However, the extent of NK cell–mediated Dk-dependent resistance to infection varies in different mouse strains. The molecular genetic basis of this variation remains unclear. Previous work to examine the Dk effect on MCMV resistance in MA/My × C57L offspring discovered multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) that may serve to modify NK cells or their capacity to respond during MCMV infection. One QTL in particular, Cmv5, was found to regulate the frequency of NK cells and secondary lymphoid organ structure in spleen during MCMV infection. Cmv5 alleles, however, have not been identified. We therefore sequenced and analyzed genome-wide exome (GWE) variants, including those aligned to the critical genetic interval, in Cmv5-disparate mouse strains. Their GWE variant profiles were compared to assess strain-specific sequence data integrity and to analyze mouse strain relatedness across the genome. GWE content was further compared against data from the Mouse Genomes Project. This approach was developed as a platform for using GWE variants to define genomic regions of divergence and similarity in different mouse strains while also validating the overall quality of GWE sequence data. Moreover, the analysis provides a framework for the selection of novel QTL candidate sequences, including at the Cmv5 critical region.