bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nervous systems of Mississippian camerate crinoids
Authors: Haugh Bruce N. 
Published: May 2016

Studies of the internal anatomy of Mississippian camerate crinoids have revealed the presence and plan of groove and ridge networks here interpreted as evidence of former nervous systems in these animals. The inner thecal surfaces of hollow specimens and surfaces of internal chert molds possess radiating networks of grooves and ridges in both the dorsal cup and tegmen that resemble the plan of the aboral and hyponeural nervous systems, respectively, of modern crinoids. The aboral network of camerates radiates from the basal region of the dorsal cup at the point of stem attachment and provides one radially positioned nerve trunk per arm. In addition to the radial trunks, branches are present in each of the five interrays; the pattern in the CD (i.e., posterior) interray is different from the others. Two ring commissures interconnect the radial and interradial nerve trunks. The hyponeural nerve network in the tegmen originates from a ring commissure located near the upper part of the tegmen. From the ring commissure radiate radial and interradial nerve trunks that divide to produce two nerve trunks per arm as in modern crinoids. Raised ridges that define the hyponeural nerve network on the inner tegminal surface are separate from impressions representing the water vascular network.By analogy to living crinoids, the aboral nerve center in camerates was located in the base of the dorsal cup. The radial portion of the aboral nervous system is judged to have functioned as the main motor network in camerates, innervating arm flexor muscles, pinnules, and arm epidermis, thus controlling the “display” of arms to form an effective filtration baffle. The interradial aboral nerves may have been sensory nerves which were part of an active balance system in these stalked echinoderms. The hyponeural system in camerates, as in living forms, probably acted as a sensory system by innervation of the lateral walls of the tube feet and arms. A third system, the ectoneural system, which lines the ciliated food grooves and gut of living crinoids has not been detected in fossil camerates; however, due to its functional significance, its presence in camerates was very probable.
Terrorism in Argentina
Authors: Muro Marcelo , Cohen Roberto , Maffei Daniel , Ballesteros Marcelo , Espinosa Luis 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Major terrorist attacks in Argentina since 1990 have been limited to two
bombings in Buenos Aires, which together caused 115 deaths and left at least
555 injured. Following these attacks, national, regional, and local
institutions responsible for emergency response in Argentina sought to
improve their planning and preparedness for terrorism-related events. In
1996, the national government enacted legislation, which launched the
Sistema Federal de Emergencias (SIFEM) or Federal Emergency System under the
direction of the president. Since 1997, several of Argentina's major cities
have developed emergency plans for terrorism-related events, including
intentional biological and chemical releases. Institutional participants in
emergency preparedness for terrorism-related events include Emergency
Medical Services, hospitals, and the public health system. Remaining
challenges include: (1) Improving intra-agency coordination; (2) Improving
intra-agency communication; and (3) Improving and expanding emergency
response training programs for responders and the general
population.
Taking Steps: using collaborative group game design to consolidate and evaluate experiences of individual chief complaint-orientated cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (C-Co CBTp) in conditions of high security
Authors: Slater Jonathon J. G. , Painter Glenn 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough individual cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp) is a recommended treatment in the UK, studies evaluating participant experiences are limited, particularly in high-security (HS) conditions. Traditional methods of participant evaluation disadvantage HS patients. Individual chief-complaint orientated CBTp (C-Co CBTp), a variant of CBTp, is offered in a HS setting. The paper aimed first, to evaluate participant experiences of individual C-Co CBTp within HS conditions, and second, to evaluate collaborative group game design as a means of evaluating participants’ experiences. Collaborative group game design was used as a novel method of participatory action research to evaluate patient and practitioner experiences of C-Co CBTp. Fifteen participants (10 inpatients, five staff) developed a life-size game representing their experiences of C-Co CBTp and offered feedback on the process. The game comprised of 24 squares, each depicting and describing a therapy experience, and a set of game-play cards. Collaborative group game design is a viable means of evaluating participant experiences. Findings corroborate and add to the current evaluation literature. Participants placed particular emphasis on collaboration, the therapeutic relationship, therapy as a nonlinear process and vulnerability and hope.
Is the General Self-Efficacy Scale a Reliable Measure to be used in Cross-Cultural Studies? Results from Brazil, Germany and Colombia
Authors: Damásio Bruno F. , Valentini Felipe , Núñes-Rodriguez Susana I. , Kliem Soeren , Koller Sílvia H. , Hinz Andreas , Brähler Elmar , Finck Carolyn , Zenger Markus 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study evaluated cross-cultural measurement invariance for the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) in a large Brazilian (N = 2.394) and representative German (N = 2.046) and Colombian (N = 1.500) samples. Initially, multiple-indicators multiple-causes (MIMIC) analyses showed that sex and age were biasing items responses on the total sample (2 and 10 items, respectively). After controlling for these two covariates, a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was employed. Configural invariance was attested. However, metric invariance was not supported for five items, in a total of 10, and scalar invariance was not supported for all items. We also evaluated the differences between the latent scores estimated by two models: MIMIC and MGCFA unconstraining the non-equivalent parameters across countries. The average difference was equal to |.07| on the estimation of the latent scores, and 22.8% of the scores were biased in at least .10 standardized points. Bias effects were above the mean for the German group, which the average difference was equal to |.09|, and 33.7% of the scores were biased in at least .10. In synthesis, the GSES did not provide evidence of measurement invariance to be employed in this cross-cultural study. More than that, our results showed that even when controlling for sex and age effects, the absence of control on items parameters in the MGCFA analyses across countries would implicate in bias of the latent scores estimation, with a higher effect for the German population.
Wirksamkeit des Präventionsprojekts „Keiner fällt durchs Netz“ (KfdN) in Modellprojektstandorten im Saarland
Authors: Sidor Anna , Kunz Elisabeth , Eickhorst Andreas , Cierpka Manfred 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung. Ziel der Studie war es, die Wirksamkeit des Präventionsprojekts „Keiner fällt durchs Netz“ zur Unterstützung risikobelasteter Familien in Saarland zu evaluieren. Die Stichprobe von 182 Mutter-Kind-Dyaden setzte sich aus 91 risikobelasteten Dyaden, die am Präventionsprojekt teilnahmen und 91 risikobelasteten Dyaden aus Kontrollfamilien zusammen. Ergebnisse: Der erwartete bessere Entwicklungsstand der Kinder in der Treatmentgruppe nach der Intervention im Vergleich zu den Kindern aus der Kontrollgruppe konnte im Bereich der sozialen Entwicklung bestätigt werden (d = 0.53). Zudem schätzten die Mütter in der KfdN-Gruppe ihre einjährigen Kinder tendenziell als weniger temperamentsschwierig ein (d = 0.18). Interventionseffekte im Bereich mütterlicher Feinfühligkeit, Stressbelastung und depressiver Symptomatik waren nicht nachweisbar. Fazit: Die Intervention hat einen positiven Effekt auf die kindliche soziale Entwicklung und die elterliche Wahrnehmung des kindlichen Temperaments. Der ausbleibende Interventionseffekt im Bereich der mütterlichen Feinfühligkeit legt eine stärkere Berücksichtigung dieses Aspektes in der Konzeption des Projekts nahe.
Long intergenic non-coding RNA APOC1P1-3 inhibits apoptosis by decreasing α-tubulin acetylation in breast cancer
Authors: Liao X-H , Wang J-G , Li L-Y , Zhou D-M , Ren K-H , Jin Y-T , Lv L , Yu J-G , Yang J-Y , Lu Q , Zou Q , Yu J , Liu X-P , Zhou P 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as important regulatory factors in tumor progression. However, their roles in breast cancer remain largely unknown. In present studies, we identified aberrantly expressed long intergenic non-coding RNA APOC1P1-3 (lincRNA-APOC1P1-3) in breast cancer by microarray, verified it by quantitative real-time PCR, and assessed methylation status in the promoter region by pyrosequencing. We also investigated the biological functions with plasmid transfection and siRNA silencing experiments, and further explored their mechanisms by RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation to identify binding proteins. We found that 224 lncRNAs were upregulated in breast cancer, whereas 324 were downregulated. The lincRNA-APOC1P1-3 was overexpressed in breast cancer, which was related to tumor size and hypomethylation in its promoter region. We also found that APOC1P1-3 could directly bind to tubulin to decrease α-tubulin acetylation, to inactivate caspase-3, and to inhibit apoptosis. This study demonstrates that overexpression of APOC1P1-3 can inhibit breast cancer apoptosis.
Hsf1 and Hsp90 orchestrate temperature-dependent global transcriptional remodelling and chromatin architecture in Candida albicans
Authors: Leach Michelle D. , Farrer Rhys A. , Tan Kaeling , Miao Zhengqiang , Walker Louise A. , Cuomo Christina A. , Wheeler Robert T. , Brown Alistair J. P. , Wong Koon Ho , Cowen Leah E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFever is a universal response to infection, and opportunistic pathogens such as Candida albicans have evolved complex circuitry to sense and respond to heat. Here we harness RNA-seq and ChIP-seq to discover that the heat shock transcription factor, Hsf1, binds distinct motifs in nucleosome-depleted promoter regions to regulate heat shock genes and genes involved in virulence in C. albicans. Consequently, heat shock increases C. albicans host cell adhesion, damage and virulence. Hsf1 activation depends upon the molecular chaperone Hsp90 under basal and heat shock conditions, but the effects are opposite and in part controlled at the level of Hsf1 expression and DNA binding. Finally, we demonstrate that Hsp90 regulates global transcription programs by modulating nucleosome levels at promoters of stress-responsive genes. Thus, we describe a mechanism by which C. albicans responds to temperature via Hsf1 and Hsp90 to orchestrate gene expression and chromatin architecture, thereby enabling thermal adaptation and virulence.
Low-dose irradiation promotes Rad51 expression by down-regulating miR-193b-3p in hepatocytes
Authors: Lee Eon-Seok , Won Yeo Jin , Kim Byoung-Chul , Park Daeui , Bae Jin-Han , Park Seong-Joon , Noh Sung Jin , Kang Yeong-Rok , Choi Si Ho , Yoon Je-Hyun , Heo Kyu , Yang Kwangmo , Son Tae Gen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCurrent evidence indicates that there is a relationship between microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing and low-dose irradiation (LDIR) responses. Here, alterations of miRNA expression in response to LDIR exposure in male BALB/c mice and three different types of hepatocytes were investigated. The miRNome of the LDIR-exposed mouse spleens (0.01 Gy, 6.5 mGy/h) was analyzed, and the expression of miRNA and mRNA was validated by qRT-PCR. Western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and luciferase assays were also performed to evaluate the interaction between miRNAs and their target genes and to gain insight into the regulation of miRNA expression. The expression of miRNA-193b-3p was down-regulated in the mouse spleen and liver and in various hepatocytes (NCTC, Hepa, and HepG2 cell lines) in response to LDIR. The down-regulation of miR-193b-3p expression was caused by histone deacetylation on the miR-193b-3p promoter in the HepG2 cells irradiated with 0.01 Gy. However, the alteration of histone deacetylation and miR-193b-3p and Rad51 expression in response to LDIR was restored by pretreatment with N-acetyl-cyctein. In conclusion, we provide evidence that miRNA responses to LDIR include the modulation of cellular stress responses and repair mechanisms.
Changing motor perception by sensorimotor conflicts and body ownership
Authors: Salomon R. , Fernandez N. B. , van Elk M. , Vachicouras N. , Sabatier F. , Tychinskaya A. , Llobera J. , Blanke O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractExperimentally induced sensorimotor conflicts can result in a loss of the feeling of control over a movement (sense of agency). These findings are typically interpreted in terms of a forward model in which the predicted sensory consequences of the movement are compared with the observed sensory consequences. In the present study we investigated whether a mismatch between movements and their observed sensory consequences does not only result in a reduced feeling of agency, but may affect motor perception as well. Visual feedback of participants’ finger movements was manipulated using virtual reality to be anatomically congruent or incongruent to the performed movement. Participants made a motor perception judgment (i.e. which finger did you move?) or a visual perceptual judgment (i.e. which finger did you see moving?). Subjective measures of agency and body ownership were also collected. Seeing movements that were visually incongruent to the performed movement resulted in a lower accuracy for motor perception judgments, but not visual perceptual judgments. This effect was modified by rotating the virtual hand (Exp.2), but not by passively induced movements (Exp.3). Hence, sensorimotor conflicts can modulate the perception of one’s motor actions, causing viewed “alien actions” to be felt as one’s own.
High efficiency all-polymer tandem solar cells
Authors: Yuan Jianyu , Gu Jinan , Shi Guozheng , Sun Jianxia , Wang Hai-Qiao , Ma Wanli 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this work, we have reported for the first time an efficient all-polymer tandem cell using identical sub-cells based on P2F-DO:N2200. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.70% was achieved, which is among the highest efficiencies for all polymer solar cells and 43% larger than the PCE of single junction cell. The largely improved device performance can be mainly attributed to the enhanced absorption of tandem cell. Meanwhile, the carrier collection in device remains efficient by optimizing the recombination layer and sub-cell film thickness. Thus tandem structure can become an easy approach to effectively boost the performance of current all polymer solar cells.
Pattern Genes Suggest Functional Connectivity of Organs
Authors: Qin Yangmei , Pan Jianbo , Cai Meichun , Yao Lixia , Ji Zhiliang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHuman organ, as the basic structural and functional unit in human body, is made of a large community of different cell types that organically bound together. Each organ usually exerts highly specified physiological function; while several related organs work smartly together to perform complicated body functions. In this study, we present a computational effort to understand the roles of genes in building functional connection between organs. More specifically, we mined multiple transcriptome datasets sampled from 36 human organs and tissues, and quantitatively identified 3,149 genes whose expressions showed consensus modularly patterns: specific to one organ/tissue, selectively expressed in several functionally related tissues and ubiquitously expressed. These pattern genes imply intrinsic connections between organs. According to the expression abundance of the 766 selective genes, we consistently cluster the 36 human organs/tissues into seven functional groups: adipose & gland, brain, muscle, immune, metabolism, mucoid and nerve conduction. The organs and tissues in each group either work together to form organ systems or coordinate to perform particular body functions. The particular roles of specific genes and selective genes suggest that they could not only be used to mechanistically explore organ functions, but also be designed for selective biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Efficient antitumor effect of co-drug-loaded nanoparticles with gelatin hydrogel by local implantation
Authors: Zhang Hao , Tian Yong , Zhu Zhenshu , Xu Huae , Li Xiaolin , Zheng Donghui , Sun Weihao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTetrandrine (Tet) could enhance the antitumor effect of Paclitaxel (Ptx) by increasing intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, which leads to the possibility of co-delivery of both drugs for synergistic antitumor effect. In the current study, we reported an efficient, local therapeutic strategy employing effective Tet and Ptx delivery with a nanoparticle-loaded gelatin system. Tet- and Ptx co-loaded mPEG-PCL nanoparticles (P/T-NPs) were encapsulated into the physically cross-linked gelatin hydrogel and then implanted on the tumor site for continuous drug release. The drug-loaded gelatin hydrogel underwent a phase change when the temperature slowly increased. In vitro study showed that Tet/Ptx-loaded PEG-b-PCL nanoparticles encapsulated within a gelatin hydrogel (P/T-NPs-Gelatin) inhibited the growth and invasive ability of BGC-823 cells more effectively than the combination of free drugs or P/T-NPs. In vivo study validated the therapeutic potential of P/T-NPs-Gelatin. P/T-NPs-Gelatin significantly inhibited the activation of p-Akt and the downstream anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and also inducing the activation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein. Moreover, the molecular-modulating effect of P/T-NPs-Gelatin on related proteins varied slightly under the influence of NAC, which was supported by the observations of the tumor volumes and weights. Based on these findings, local implantation of P/T-NPs-Gelatin may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Heat generation and light scattering of green fluorescent protein-like pigments in coral tissue
Authors: Lyndby Niclas H. , Kühl Michael , Wangpraseurt Daniel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGreen fluorescent protein (GFP)-like pigments have been proposed to have beneficial effects on coral photobiology. Here, we investigated the relationships between green fluorescence, coral heating and tissue optics for the massive coral Dipsastraea sp. (previously Favia sp.). We used microsensors to measure tissue scalar irradiance and temperature along with hyperspectral imaging and combined imaging of variable chlorophyll fluorescence and green fluorescence. Green fluorescence correlated positively with coral heating and scalar irradiance enhancement at the tissue surface. Coral tissue heating saturated for maximal levels of green fluorescence. The action spectrum of coral surface heating revealed that heating was highest under red (peaking at 680 nm) irradiance. Scalar irradiance enhancement in coral tissue was highest when illuminated with blue light, but up to 62% (for the case of highest green fluorescence) of this photon enhancement was due to green fluorescence emission. We suggest that GFP-like pigments scatter the incident radiation, which enhances light absorption and heating of the coral. However, heating saturates, because intense light scattering reduces the vertical penetration depth through the tissue eventually leading to reduced light absorption at high fluorescent pigment density. We conclude that fluorescent pigments can have a central role in modulating coral light absorption and heating.
Reliability of 3D laser-based anthropometry and comparison with classical anthropometry
Authors: Kuehnapfel Andreas , Ahnert Peter , Loeffler Markus , Broda Anja , Scholz Markus 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAnthropometric quantities are widely used in epidemiologic research as possible confounders, risk factors, or outcomes. 3D laser-based body scans (BS) allow evaluation of dozens of quantities in short time with minimal physical contact between observers and probands. The aim of this study was to compare BS with classical manual anthropometric (CA) assessments with respect to feasibility, reliability, and validity. We performed a study on 108 individuals with multiple measurements of BS and CA to estimate intra- and inter-rater reliabilities for both. We suggested BS equivalents of CA measurements and determined validity of BS considering CA the gold standard. Throughout the study, the overall concordance correlation coefficient (OCCC) was chosen as indicator of agreement. BS was slightly more time consuming but better accepted than CA. For CA, OCCCs for intra- and inter-rater reliability were greater than 0.8 for all nine quantities studied. For BS, 9 of 154 quantities showed reliabilities below 0.7. BS proxies for CA measurements showed good agreement (minimum OCCC > 0.77) after offset correction. Thigh length showed higher reliability in BS while upper arm length showed higher reliability in CA. Except for these issues, reliabilities of CA measurements and their BS equivalents were comparable.
Interleukin-37 expression and its potential role in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lin Lin , Wang Jiayi , Liu Dongjuan , Liu Sai , Xu Hao , Ji Ning , Zhou Min , Zeng Xin , Zhang Dunfang , Li Jing , Chen Qianming 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInterleukin 37 (IL-37) has been reported to play a significant role in innate immune response and to be involved in several kinds of cancers. However, the investigation of association between IL-37 and oral mucosa carcinogenesis hasn't been clearly established. The aim of the study was to assess IL-37 expression and explore its role in oral mucosa carcinogenesis. The expression of IL-37 increased from normal control (NC) to Oral leukoplakia (OLK) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Moreover, statistically highly significant difference was present between scores of OLK with and without mild/moderate dysplasia (P < 0.001). In addition, IL-37 expression was lower in OSCC with lymph node metastasis than those without metastasis (P < 0.01). What’s more, overexpression of IL-37 in RAW264.7 cells remarkably reduced the pseudopodia, vacuolization and the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Finally, we found IL-37 and its receptor IL-18Rα but not its binding partner IL-18BP have similar tissue location and expression trend in different stages of oral mucosa carcinogenesis. Overall, IL-37 can be used as a biomarker for early oral tumorigenesis and for malignant transformation risk assessment of premalignant lesions.