bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome scan reveals several loci associated with torus palatinus
Authors: Lee Myoung Keun , El Sergani Ahmed M. , Herrick Noah , Green Rebecca M. , Padilla Carmencita , Buxó Carmen J. , Long Ross E. , Valencia‐Ramirez Consuelo , Muñeton Claudia P. Restrepo , Moreno Uribe Lina M. , Adeyemo Wasiu L. , Butali Azeez , Marazita Mary L. , Shaffer John R. , Weinberg Seth M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTorus Palatinus (TP) is a common trait with an unclear aetiology. Although prior studies suggest a hereditary component, the genetic factors that influence TP risk remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to identify genetic variants associated with TP.Materials and MethodsWe assessed the TP status of 829 individuals from various ancestral backgrounds using 3D palate scans. We then carried out a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify common variants associated with TP. We also performed gene‐based tests across the exome to investigate the role of low‐frequency coding variants.ResultsOur GWAS did not identify any genome‐wide significant signals but identified suggestive associations including hits on chromosomes 2, 5 and 17 with p‐values less than 5 × 10−6. Candidate genes at these suggestive loci have been implicated in normal‐range craniofacial features, syndromes with facial and oral malformations, and bone density. We did not find evidence that low‐frequency coding variants influence TP risk. In addition, we failed to replicate associations identified in prior genetic studies of TP.ConclusionThese findings suggest that multiple genes likely influence the development of TP. Independent replication will be required to confirm our suggestive associations.
Prevalence Characteristics of Osteoporosis Fractures in the Elderly in Two Regions of China and Analysis of the Lag Effect of Air Pollutants on them
Authors: Ye Zhipeng , Xiao Qian , Liu Shihang , Zhou Shuai , Hou Guangzhao , Lv Hongzhi , Zhang Yingze 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveAir pollution is increasing and threatening human health. The objective of this study is to investigate the population distribution characteristics of elderly osteoporosis fractures in Hebei Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and to analyze the effects of air pollutants on the number of elderly osteoporosis fracture inpatients in the two regions.MethodA retrospective collection of elderly osteoporosis fracture cases was conducted in selected hospitals in Hebei Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022. The chi‐square test was used to compare the distributional characteristics of the population in the two regions. Additionally, we used a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) in order to assess the effect of air pollutants on the number of daily hospital admissions of elderly osteoporosis fracture patients in different regions.ResultA total of 19,203 elderly osteoporosis fracture patients were included in the study. The average age of these patients was 76.66 ± 7.55 years, and the majority of them were female (13,514 instances, 70.37%). The disparities in age distribution (χ2 = 133.9 p < 0.001), fracture site (χ2 = 62.0 p < 0.001), and hospitalization cost (Z = −15.635 p < 0.001) between the two regions were statistically significant. The lag effect curves of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 on the number of elderly osteoporosis fracture hospitalizations in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region exhibited a similar pattern resembling a “W”‐shaped curve. All three pollutants reached their highest values after a lag time of 14 days (PM2.5: RR = 1.053, 95% CI: 1.031, 1.074; PM10: RR = 1.031, 95% CI: 1.018, 1.043; NO2: RR = 1.125, 95% CI: 1.070, 1.182). In Hebei Province, the largest impacts of PM2.5 and PM10 were observed after a lag of 14 days (PM2.5: RR = 1.022, 95% CI: 1.013, 1.028; PM10: RR = 1.013, 95% CI: 1.008, 1.018). Similarly, the maximum effect of NO2 was observed after a lag of 11 days (RR = 1.020, 95% CI: 1.010, 1.028).ConclusionThere were differences in the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized patients with osteoporosis fractures between the two regions, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 increased the number of hospitalizations for osteoporosis fractures. Exposure to air pollutants such as PM2.5 increases the risk of osteoporosis fractures in the elderly population.
Auricular laser acupuncture as an adjunct for parental anxiety management during children's surgery: A randomized‐controlled study
Authors: Lin Wenrui , Fortier Michelle A. , Cortes Haydee , Kain Zeev N. , Wang Shu‐Ming , Li Guann‐Pyng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPediatric surgery is associated with high levels of anxiety for both children and parents/caregivers. To mitigate anxiety, auricular acupuncture has shown its potential in the perioperative setting. Accordingly, our team developed a wearable prototype auricular laser acupuncture system, AcuHealth V1.0, as a portable acupuncture device and conducted a proof‐of‐concept evaluation with parents of children undergoing surgery.AimsThe primary aim of this study was to conduct feasibility testing of the AcuHealth V1.0 system in delivering auricular laser acupuncture.MethodsParents of children who were scheduled to undergo outpatient surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups: authentic acupuncture (laser beams at known anxiolytic acupoints, n = 13), sham acupuncture (non‐anxiolytic acupoints, n = 14), or a placebo control group (inactive laser, n = 14). Parent self‐reported anxiety (0–10 numerical rating scale) was assessed at baseline, pre‐intervention (once child was taken to the OR), post‐intervention, and at 30 min after the intervention. Usability and acceptability data regarding the device were assessed after the intervention.ResultsBaseline data revealed no significant difference in anxiety between the three groups. Parent‐reported anxiety level at 30‐min post‐intervention as compared to baseline in the authentic group was significantly decreased (delta mean ± std = −3.58 ± 2.07) compared to both the sham acupuncture (−1.35 ± 2.65) and placebo control group (0.54 ± 1.13). Evaluation of changes in parent‐reported anxiety between groups over time using two‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference between the three groups (p = 0.001). Post hoc analysis with Scheffe test pairwise comparisons showed that at 30‐min post‐intervention compared to baseline, the authentic intervention group was significantly less anxious compared with both the sham group (p = 0.033) and the placebo control group (p = 0.001). Additionally, feedback regarding the usage of the device supported the acceptability and usability of the device with no adverse events.ConclusionsThis pilot study administering laser auricular acupuncture via the AcuHealth V1.0 system decreased parental anxiety after 30 min in parents who received treatment immediately after their children were taken to the operating room with no adverse effect.
Vacuolar H+‐ATPase Is Required for Efficient Vacuolar Phosphate Storage and Systemic Pi Homeostasis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sun Guangfang , Luan Mingda , Xue Shuting , Yan Jun , Lan Wenzhi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe vacuolar H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) plays a crucial role in facilitating nutrient ions storage in vacuoles, whereas its direct impact on vacuolar phosphate (Pi) accumulation has not been fully elucidated. Previous research revealed that the absence of VPT1 and VPT3, two major vacuolar Pi influx transporters, significantly affected vacuolar Pi storage. This study shows that disrupting V‐ATPase function could mimic the vpt1 vpt3 mutant phenotypes. The vha‐a2 a3 mutant, lacking V‐ATPase activity, had lower vacuolar Pi levels, higher cytoplasmic Pi and increased resistance to As(V) toxicity under sufficient Pi conditions. Complementation assays in Pi transport‐deficient yeast confirmed that high pH suppressed VPT1 activity, while overexpressing VPT1 couldn't overload Pi in vacuoles of vha‐a2 a3 mutants. These data illustrate the reliance of VPT1's activity on V‐ATPase‐generated proton gradients. Furthermore, we find V‐ATPase activity correlates positively with Pi availability, and varying across developmental stages. During flowering, V‐ATPase activity decreases to enhance Pi allocation in xylem sap for long‐distance transport when external Pi is replete, akin to the vpt1 vpt3 mutant. Thus, V‐ATPase could cooperate with VPT proteins to regulate Pi homeostasis at both subcellular and systemic levels.
Association of benzodiazepine and Z‐hypnotic use with cardiovascular disease risk: insights from a prospective study of 10 million people in China
Authors: Yang Ruotong , Yu Huan , Wu Junhui , Wang Siyue , Chen Hongbo , Wang Mengying , Qin Xueying , Wu Tao , Wu Yiqun , Hu Yonghua 
Published: September 2024

AimTo assess the association between Benzodiazepines (BZDs) or Z‐hypnotic use and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) incidence in residents in Beijing, China.MethodsWe included 2,415,573 individuals with a prescription record for BZDs or Z‐hypnotics in the Beijing Medical Claim Data for Employees database during 2010–2017, and 8,794,356 non‐users with other prescriptions for the same period. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional risk models for 712,850 exposed and 712,850 unexposed participants who were matched 1:1 by propensity score.ResultsBZDs or Z‐hypnotics users had a higher risk of CVD than non‐users, with an HR of 1.11 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.13). Compared with non‐users, those who used them for less than 3 months had the lowest risk of CVD, and those for more than 5 years had the highest risk, with HRs of 0.50 (0.48, 0.51) and 1.78 (1.72, 1.83), respectively. The risk of CVD was relatively low in those who used only one of the long‐acting BZDs, short‐acting BZDs, or Z‐hypnotics compared to unexposed individuals. Individuals exposed to all three types of drugs had the highest risk, 2.33 (2.22, 2.44) times that of non‐users. Users below the median dose had a lower risk of CVD compared to non‐users, whereas users exceeding the median dose had an increased risk.ConclusionBZD or Z‐hypnotic use in general was nominally associated with an elevated risk of CVD. However, for short‐term, single‐type, and low‐to‐moderate‐dose users, not only did this elevated risk disappear, but drug use also demonstrated a protective effect.
Development of an emergency science popularization capacity index system for nurses in China—A Delphi study
Authors: Lu Minghui , Chai Qianwen , Wei Li , Wang Yanmei , Cao Cancan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo construct a popularization of an emergency science capacity index system for nurses based on the iceberg model.DesignA mixed‐method research design incorporating quantitative and qualitative components was used.MethodsIn this study, the first draft of the questionnaire was developed through literature analysis and semi‐structured interviews. According to the Delphi expert inclusion criteria, 20 experts with rich experience in the field of science popularization were selected, and the system of emergency science popularization ability of nurses was ultimately developed through two rounds of consultation according to the Delphi method. The weights of various indicators were determined through hierarchical analysis.ResultsFollowing two rounds of Delphi surveys, a total of 3 primary, 6 secondary, and 26 tertiary indicators were identified. The indicators were found to be highly significant, with variation coefficients ranging from 0.063 to 0.140. The Kendall's harmonization coefficients for the primary, secondary, and tertiary indicators were 0.350, 0.341, and 0.146, respectively. The popularization of the emergency science capacity system has a certain scientific and practical significance, which is of guidance to the competency of nurses in public health emergencies.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution. This study did not involve patients, service users, caregivers, or members of the public.
Glycine betaine: A multifaceted protectant against salt stress in Indian mustard through ionic homeostasis, ROS scavenging and osmotic regulation
Authors: Islam Shaistul , Mohammad Firoz , Shakeel Adnan , Corpas Francisco J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSalt stress is a prevalent environmental issue that disrupts the redox balance and metabolic processes in plants, leading to reduced crop growth and productivity. Currently, over 6.74 million hectares in India are salt‐affected, and about 75% of this land lies in states that are the major cultivators of edible oilseed crops (rapeseed‐mustard). Therefore, this study focused on the efficacy of glycine betaine (GB) supplementation in mitigating the detrimental effects of salt stress in Brassica juncea L. (Indian mustard) plants. Indian mustard plants were subjected to salt stress [0, 50, 100, and 150 mM sodium chloride] 20 days after sowing (DAS), while a foliar spray of 20 mM GB was applied to the foliage at 50 and 70 DAS. The data showed that salt stress substantially reduced growth, photosynthetic rate, membrane stability, and yield by significantly increasing lipid peroxidation, ion toxicity, cell death, electrolyte leakage, and reactive oxygen species accumulation that triggered oxidative stress. Supplementation with 20 mM GB provided tolerance to plants against salt‐induced toxicity since it substantially increased growth, biomass, water content, nutrient uptake, and photosynthetic efficiency. Additionally, GB enhances the accumulation of osmolytes, enhances the antioxidant defence system, improves ionic balance, and enhances cell viability. Taken together, the obtained data provides deeper insights into the beneficial effect of the exogenous GB application that could have biotechnological uses to enhance crop stress tolerance in challenging environments.
Case study: The downside of using a worst‐case approach in occupational safety policy as an interpretation of the precautionary principle: Putting the uncertain UXO occupational safety risk into probabilistic perspective
Authors: Helsloot Marijn , Snip Wino , Helsloot Ira 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnexploded ordnance (UXO) from the World Wars on the North Sea floor pose an uncertain occupational safety risk for dredging and cable installation. At present mitigation strategies are based on an interpretation of the precautionary principle that uses a worst‐case approach, that is, assuming that UXO will be encountered, will explode, and will harm people onboard. We propose a probabilistic framework to estimate the UXO risk. Using this probabilistic framework, we conclude that the UXO risk during cable installation meets the prevailing safety standard in the Netherlands. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the UXO risk is lower than the general maritime risk, that is, the occupational health risk caused by the mitigation is higher than the UXO risk itself. We conclude that even for uncertain occupational risks, such as the UXO risk in the North Sea, a probabilistic analysis can be more instrumental in the decision‐making process on accepting and mitigating risks than using worst‐case scenario thinking.
Hearing Heat: An Anthropocene acoustemology
Authors: Feld Steven 
Published: September 2024

Abstract‘Hearing Heat: An Anthropocene acoustemology’ is an intermedia composition that meditates on the climate of history, listening to histories of listening from the Papua New Guinea rainforest to nuclear Japan to ancient and contemporary Greece. It proceeds through continual recombinations of visual and sonic media, with photographs, graphics, animation, and cinema dialoguing with ethnographic field recording of Indigenous song, ambient environmental sound, cinema soundtracks, electroacoustic and radio composition, and vocally performed text.
ESBL Producing E. coli in Chickens and Poultry Farms Environment in Selangor, Malaysia: A Cross‐Sectional Study on Their Occurrence and Associated Risk Factors With Environment and Public Health Importance
Authors: Aliyu Abdulrasheed Bello , Jalila Abu , Saleha Abdul Aziz , Zunita Zakaria 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionExtended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Escherichia coli (ESBL‐EC) are widespread multidrug‐resistant zoonotic bacteria that threaten animal production, food safety and antimicrobial therapy worldwide including Malaysia. Poultry has been reported as one of the pathways for human exposure to ESBL‐EC. There has been little research on the occurrence of ESBL‐EC within the Malaysian poultry food chain. Hence, the objectives of the study were to determine the occurrence of ESBL‐EC in chickens and to identify the potential risk factors associated with their occurrence in poultry farms.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on 400 samples, consisting of 240 cloacal swabs from chickens and 160 from poultry farms environments in eight districts in Selangor, Malaysia using culture and disk combination methods and multiple polymerase chain reaction assays. In the determination of possible factors associated with the presence of ESBL‐EC at poultry farms, a questionnaire was used to obtain the information and data.ResultsThe findings demonstrated the wide distribution of ESBL‐EC in all the farms with an overall occurrence of 37.2%. Farms in Gombak, Klang and Hulu Selangor had the highest occurrence rates at 62%, 50% and 50%, respectively, followed by farms in Petaling 38%, Sepang at 34%, Kuala Langat at 26% and Kuala Selangor at 24%, and the lowest was in Hulu Langat 14%. Among the study samples, chickens had the highest occurrence rate at 45.4%, followed by chicken house floors at 40% and flies at 30%, while feed and water samples at 17.5% and 12.5%, respectively. The present study indicated the high occurrence and wide dissemination of ESBL‐EC in chickens and poultry farms environment. The ESBL‐EC occurrence was associated with several factors including imprudent use of antibiotics, poor husbandry, management and biosecurity practices at the farms.ConclusionsOur study showed the presence and spread of ESBL EC among chickens in the farms and their environment; this may lead to being spread to outside of farm environment by flies, vermins, flying birds, litter and farm wastes and possibly to humans upon contact with the contaminated environment and by poultry meat. Thus, the findings of the study can assist to serve as a piece of useful information to veterinary authority in designing evidence‐based mitigation strategies for the control of ESBL‐EC in poultry farms.
A Multi-Sized Unit Cell Method for the Design of LPBF Lattice Support Structures Concerning Complex Geometries
Authors: White Lisha , Zhang Guanglu , Seo Junwon , Lamprinakos Nicholas , Rollett Anthony , Cagan Jonathan , Zhang Yongjie Jessica 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Composed of individual unit cells strategically arranged to achieve a desired function, lattices are a promising solution for laser powder bed fusion support structure design in additive manufacturing. Despite their many advantages (e.g., multifunctionality and reduced material cost), prior work in lattice support structure design primarily focuses on horizontal support domains that are not translatable to support domains for complex geometries, thereby limiting their application. This work introduces a multi-sized unit cell design optimization (MSO) method to create lattice support structures (LSS) for parts with complex geometries. The proposed method utilizes voxelization to generate LSS using box-like unit cells of different sizes. It also allows for efficient, high-dimensional design optimization for the types and locations of user-specified unit cells through a modified simulated annealing-based optimization algorithm. The effectiveness and efficiency of the MSO method are demonstrated through the case study of an adapter pipe for a high-temperature heat exchanger. For this demonstration, LSS using multi-sized unit cells is designed to increase heat transfer rate while satisfying structural integrity and material cost constraints. The case study results indicate that the design of the LSS derived from the MSO method fulfills all constraints, including the design constraint of 50% material cost reduction, compared to the solid support structure. In contrast, the lattice support structure designs derived from equal-sized unit cell methods either cannot satisfy all design constraints or have a lower heat transfer rate than the design of the MSO method.
Impact of the Wall-Parallel Length Scale of Roughness on the Development of Turbulent Boundary Layers in Turbines
Authors: Berhane Abigail M. , Longley John P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The detrimental effects of surface roughness on the growth of turbulent boundary layers in turbines, and compressors, are well known. However, robust prediction of these effects can be problematic, especially for surfaces which are not similar to sand grains. Several publications have proposed that additional parameters such as effective slope, skew, etc. can be used to augment a wall-normal measure such as Sa to correlate surface roughness. Here, we introduce a new roughness parameter, the mean feature separation, which explicitly measures the average separation between each local minima and its closest local maxima. Scans of turbine blade surfaces showed that they can have mean separations which are up to six times that of the sand grain surface which has the same wall-normal length scale. The availability of high resolution, typically &lt; 0.1 µm, area scanning tools, and 3D printing techniques have enabled the development of a “Scan-Scale-Print-Measure” methodology. A surface scan is scaled-up, 3D printed, applied to a flat-plate, and then the turbulent boundary layer is measured. The surface roughness-loss is the additional momentum thickness, above that of the datum smooth surface. The Scan-Scale-Print-Measure methodology has enabled parametric studies to be undertaken where the mean separation was increased while keeping either the Sa value or the feature size constant. Both studies demonstrated a surface roughness-loss that was strongly dependent on the mean separation and different to a Schlichting-based sand grain correlation. It also showed that for large mean separations, the roughness-loss decreased to zero. A parametric study into pits-and-peaks surface features showed that, at the same wall-normal length scale, peaks generated a surface roughness-loss twice that of pits. An engine representative surface produced only half the roughness-loss that would be attributed to a sand grain surface. The measured surface roughness-loss could be estimated within 5% using the aforementioned parametric studies.