bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of spiral computed tomography for craniofacial clinical applications
Authors: Cavalcanti M G , Vannier M W 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To determine the relative accuracy of craniofacial measurements obtained from volumetric spiral computed tomography (CT) in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nine cadaver heads were examined with spiral CT at 3 mm collimation with 2 mm/s table feed. The CT data, stored on optical disks to allow full retrospective review of any image, were transferred to a networked computer workstation for off-line visualization, measurement and analysis. Three-dimensional surface images (3DCT) were generated from spiral CT scans (2DCT). Measurements (n = 28) were made from (both unique and conventional craniometric anatomical) landmarks (n = 23) identified in 2DCT and 3DCT images by two observers twice. The soft tissues were then removed from the cadavers and the measurements performed with an electromagnetic digitizer.

RESULTS
The accuracy for 3DCT was higher than 2DCT images for seven of 28 measurements. Twenty five per cent of the 2DCT measurements were found to be significantly different from the physical measurements. All measurements with 3DCT were found to have satisfactory accuracy in comparison with physical measurements.

CONCLUSIONS
Three-dimensional spiral CT can distinguish craniofacial anatomy more accurately with some measurements.
Cleidocranial dysplasia: radiological appearances on dental panoramic radiography
Authors: McNamara C M , O'Riordan B C , Blake M , Sandy J R 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To report the effectiveness of dental panoramic radiography in identifying features pathognomonic for cleidocranial dysplasia.

METHODS
Panoramic radiographs of nine male Caucasian patients with cleidocranial dysplasia are analysed.

RESULTS
In addition to the established dental complications of failure of eruption of the permanent dentition and multiple supernumerary teeth, morphological abnormalities of the maxilla and mandible, particularly in the ascending ramus and coronoid process were present.

CONCLUSION
Dental panoramic radiography is a valuable adjunct in confirming the diagnosis of cleidocranial dysplasia.
Evaluation of maxillofacial fibrosarcoma using computer graphics and spiral computed tomography
Authors: Cavalcanti M G P , Ruprecht A , Quets J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the appearance of three cases of maxillofacial fibrosarcoma in multiplanar (MPR) and three-dimensional reconstructed computed tomography (3DCT). The images were analysed by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists and one neuroradiologist. All of the cases clearly demonstrated the usefulness of the interactive MPR and 3DCT in the diagnosis and evaluation of the extent of these maxillofacial tumors.
Radiomorphometric indices of the mandible in a British female population
Authors: Ledgerton D , Horner K , Devlin H , Worthington H 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To examine the radiomorphometric indices of the mandible on panoramic radiographs in a population of British female patients, to identify their normal ranges and to investigate their relationships with age, detentition and social class.

METHODS
Five indices, cortical width at the gonion (GI) and below the mental foramen (MI), the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular cortical index (MCI) and one new index (measurement of cortical width at the antegonion; AI), were measured bilaterally on 500 panoramic radiographs of females by one trained observer. The measurements were analysed for ease of application, repeatability, relationships with age, dentition and social class and interrelationships between the variables.

RESULTS
All quantitative indices (GI, MI, PMI, AI), showed a significant, negative correlation with age. MCI showed an age-related distribution. Mandibular dentition exerted a significant influence on some indices, but social class had no influence. Intra-observer repeatability of MI, PMI and AI was fair (precision &lt; 20%) but that for GI was poor. Intra-observer agreement in MCI assessments was excellent.

CONCLUSIONS
The age-related changes in mandibular radiomorphometric indices and their variation within each age band lend support to their potential use in identification of skeletal osteopenia. However, problems with repeatability and measurement precision identified in the pilot study, notably with GI, may be a considerable obstacle to their use in general practice.
Relationship between bone mineral density and tooth loss in elderly Japanese women
Authors: Taguchi A , Suei Y , Ohtsuka M , Otani K , Tanimoto K , Hollender L G 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relationship between vertebral bone mass and tooth loss and jaw bone mass in elderly Japanese women.

METHODS
Mandibular cortical bone mass, alveolar bone height and number of teeth present (total, anterior, and posterior) were compared with the 3rd lumbar vertebral bone mineral density (L3BMD), measured by dual energy computed tomography (DEQCT), in 90 Japanese women by means of multiple regression analysis, controlling for body mass index, menopausal status, years since menopause and self-reported periodontal condition.

RESULTS
Mandibular cortical bone mass and number of posterior teeth were associated with both alveolar bone height and L3BMD, but there was no association between alveolar bone height, number of anterior teeth present and L3BMD.

CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that the loss of posterior teeth may be associated with a decrease not only in alveolar bone height, but also alveolar bone mineral density (BMD). The latter may be related to a decrease of lumbar vertebral BMD.
Use of the direct magnification technique in dental radiology
Authors: Wichmann M G , von Brenndorff A I 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the potential use of the direct magnification (DIMA) technique in dental radiology.

METHODS
Radiographs of anatomical specimens and extracted teeth were prepared under clinical conditions using a microfocus (8 and 16 microns focal diameter) X-ray tube. Entrance dose was measured using an ionization chamber. Image quality was assessed in a single-blind test of pairs of images of extracted teeth with and without caries by ten observers.

RESULTS
At 7.3 x magnification the values for exposure time and entrance dose were comparable with those for conventional intraoral radiography, 0.1 and 0.25 s and 1.5 and 2.9 mSv respectively. Diagnostic accuracy using the DIMA images was significantly (P &lt; 0.0001) better compared with dental radiographs.

CONCLUSION
DIMA images with significantly enhanced diagnostic accuracy can be obtained at comparable exposure times and entrance doses to conventional intraoral radiographs.
Diaphyseal aclasis affecting the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Welsh G A , MacLeod I 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Diaphyseal aclasis is a rare disorder of bone development in which multiple, cartilagenous exostoses develop and enlarge mainly on the ends of long bones. It has also been described in the vertebral column where it may give rise to spinal cord compression but has not previously been reported as occurring in the jaws. A case is reported in which a patient known to suffer from diaphyseal aclasis at many other anatomical sites displays temporomandibular joint changes which are highly suggestive of the disease now manifesting in the jaws. The presentation, investigations and treatment are described and the literature concerning previous cases of diaphyseal aclasis is reviewed.
The effects of developer age on diagnostic accuracy: a study using assessment of endodontic file length
Authors: Syriopoulos K , Sanderink G C , Velders X L , van Ginkel F C , van der Stelt P F 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To examine the effects of developer age on image quality.

METHODS
Endodontic files, size 10 and 15, were placed in upper and lower molars and premolars up to the root apex or 1.5 mm short. A series of radiographs were made with each of three film types: Dentus M2 (Agfa-Gevaert, Mortsel, Belgium), Ektaspeed Plus and Ultra-speed (Kodak Eastman Co, Rochester, USA). The films were processed bi-weekly using the same Agfa chemicals (Heraeus Kulzer, Dormagen, Germany) over a 6-week period. An additional set of Dentus M2 films was processed using Periomat chemicals (Dürr Dental, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany). The films were viewed by eight dentists who rated the position of the tip of the file using a 5-point confidence scale. ROC data were analysed by means of analysis of variance. Az value was the dependent variable, whereas observer age group was entered as between subject factor. The null hypothesis was rejected when P&lt;0.05.

RESULTS
The diagnostic accuracies of the three films were comparable during the first 4 weeks. In the sixth week Ultra-speed was significantly better than the other two films (P=0.046). The Periomat chemicals showed significantly greater consistency than the Agfa chemicals (P=0.004). Developer exhaustion significantly affected the performance of the older observers (P=0.008), especially when Agfa chemicals and file size 10 were used.

CONCLUSION
Agfa chemicals older than 4 weeks significantly affect the assessment of endodontic file length. In earlier stages there are no significant differences between the three films tested. Dentus M2 and Ektaspeed Plus films should be used as they require lower exposures.
The role of computed tomography in the preoperative assessment and follow-up of oromandibular reconstruction with microvascular osteomyocutaneous free flaps
Authors: Preda L , Dore R , Benazzo M , Occhini A , Giulio G D , Fianza A L , Campani R 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the capacity of helical CT in the pre- and post-operative management of oromandibular reconstruction of patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma using microvascular composite free flaps.

MATERIALS/METHODS
Thirty-four patients with oropharyngeal cancer were examined by helical CT and nine (six men and three women) submitted to oromandibular reconstruction. The osteomyocutaneous flaps used for reconstruction were taken from the iliac crest in six cases and from the fibula in three cases. All patients were examined by CT 1 - 4 days postoperatively and then at 6 monthly intervals. Double helical scans were performed in all cases, with slices of 2 - 3 mm for primary lesion studies and 5 mm for lymph node staging, pitch &gt;/=1 and RI=1. Multiplanar (MPR) and 3D reconstructions were obtained from pre- and postoperative CT examinations.

RESULTS
Preoperative CT showed massive bone infiltration in six of the nine surgical patients and marginal infiltration in three. These findings were confirmed histologically. There were no false negatives. The immediate postoperative examination showed correct flap positioning in eight of nine cases. The flap underwent ischemic necrosis in two cases; CT showed very early signs of bone ischemia in both. CT detected two cases of recurrence after about 1 year.

CONCLUSIONS
Axial CT permitted adequate assessment of the extent of mandibular infiltration and detected early ischemic complications and distant recurrences. Integration with MPR and 3D reconstructions simplified the choice of flap type and size and enabled the postoperative assessment of correct flap positioning. This helped the surgeon plan subsequent rehabilitation with osseo-integrated implants.
Noma: report of a case resulting in bony ankylosis of the maxilla and mandible
Authors: Deeb G R , Yih W Y , Merrill R G , Lundeen R C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Noma, or cancrum oris, has been described as a gangrenous infection of the soft and hard tissues of the oronasal region. Prior to the advent of antibiotics the disease was commonly fatal. Now many survive the acute phase of the disease and present the surgeon with formidable problems of repair. This is a report of a presumed case of noma that resulted in bony ankylosis of the maxilla and mandible. Three-dimensional shaded surface CT reconstruction images were especially useful in demonstrating the architecture of the abnormal bone.
Dependency of dose response of five charge-coupled device-based digital intra-oral radiographic systems on tube voltage
Authors: Nishikawa K , Shibuya H , Wakoh M , Kuroyanagi K 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To compare the dependency of dose response of five CCD-based digital intra-oral radiographic systems on tube voltage.

METHODS
Characteristic curves for Sens-A-Ray (old and new generations; Regam Medical Systems, Sundsvall, Sweden), Computed Dental Radiography (Schick Technologies, Long Island City, NY, USA), CompuRay (Yoshida, Tokyo, Japan), and VIXA (Dentsply/Gendex, Des Plaines, IL, USA) were generated between 60 and 90 kVp at intervals of 10 kVp and corrected by subtraction of dark current. Their sensitivities were compared.

RESULTS
The sensitivity of the old generation Sens-A-Ray decreased with increase in tube voltage whereas in the other systems it increased. Conclusion: In the newer systems using a rare earth intensifying screen as a scintillator, the sensitivity increases with increase in tube voltage, thus reducing the radiation dose to the patient.
Recent developments in understanding temporomandibular joint disorders. Part 1: Bone marrow abnormalities of the mandibular condyle
Authors: Sano T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Improvements in diagnostic imaging of the temporomandibular joint in the past 20 years have shown that disk displacement is the most frequent abnormality in patients with joint pain and dysfunction. The aetiology of the pain is poorly understood. Recent studies with magnetic resonance imaging have demonstrated a number of other changes in the TMJ. In this paper I review the possible significance of alterations in the condylar bone marrow and its relationship to osteonecrosis.
A comparison of the diagnostic utility of two image receptors for panoramic radiography
Authors: Carmichael F A , Hirschmann P N , Scaife B , Sheard L , Mackenzie A 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To compare the diagnostic utility of two screen-film systems for panoramic radiography, one based on green and the other on ultraviolet light.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two hundred consecutive adult patients with teeth in all four quadrants requiring panoramic radiographs were randomly allocated to one of two groups. One group was imaged with OGA L (CEA AB, Strängnäs, Sweden) film using Lanex Regular (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) screens (the Lanex group). The other group was imaged using Ultra-Vision (Dupont UK Limited, Hertfordshire, UK) film and screens (the Ultra-vision group). Two different panoramic machines were used, a Planmeca (Planmeca OY, Helsinki, Finland) and Cranex (Soredex Orion Corporation, Helsinki, Finland). The radiographs were evaluated by two radiographers for overall quality and any faults recorded. Two dental radiologists evaluated the crestal and apical areas of every standing tooth on a 4-point scale. The likelihood of getting a high-quality image with the different films was modelled using logistic regression, adjusting for the radiologist and the area of the tooth being examined. Inter- and intra-examiner agreement was calculated using Kappa and weighted Kappa where appropriate.

RESULTS
The radiographers recorded no significant differences in positioning errors between the two groups of film. However, the films produced on the Cranex were less likely to be recorded as excellent. The radiologists' interexaminer agreement for the lower molars and upper incisors was only moderate at best (kappa = 0.56). No significant differences were found between the likelihood of the two types of film providing a high-quality image. Crestal areas were more likely to be scored well than apical areas.

CONCLUSION
There were no differences in ease of discerning apical and crestal areas between the two screen-film systems. There was only poor to moderate agreement between the two radiologists. Ultra-Vision can be recommended as an alternative to existing rare earth systems for panoramic radiography.
The contribution by medical radiology departments to dental radiology in general dental practice in Scotland
Authors: MacDonald-Jankowski D S , Barrie W J , Wohlgemuth B 
Published: October 2024

AIM
To determine the availability of the services of medical radiology departments to general dental practitioners in Scotland.

METHODS
Fifty-seven hospitals were identified as likely to have services available to general dental practitioners; 41 were within central urbanised areas (the 'Central Belt') and 16 in the more remote rural areas, (the 'Borders, Highlands and Islands'). The available services were identified by questionnaire.

RESULTS
All 57 questionnaires were returned. Although there were significantly fewer larger hospitals in the 'Borders, Highlands and Islands', there was no significant difference in availability of services to general dental practitioners between the two parts of Scotland.

CONCLUSION
The services of medical radiology departments are generally available to general dental practitioners in both the 'Central Belt' and the 'Borders, Highlands and Islands'.
Optimisation of patient doses in programmable dental panoramic radiography
Authors: Lecomber A R , Downes S L , Mokhtari M , Faulkner K 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To estimate the radiation-related risk associated with twelve imaging programs available on the Orthophos (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) dental panoramic radiography unit.

METHODS
Organ absorbed doses for each program were measured using a Rando anthropomorphic phantom loaded with thermoluminescent dosemeters. Effective dose (E) was calculated in two ways; first, using the method recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, which excludes the salivary glands (designated Eexc), and second, with its inclusion (designated Einc). Organ and effective doses were both used to compare the various imaging programs.

RESULTS
In 11 of the 12 programs studied the salivary glands received the highest individual organ dose, and Einc was found to be up to double Eexc. When the image was restricted to the dentition (program 2) organ doses were lower than for the complete jaws (program 1) by up to 85%, and Eexc and Einc reduced by about one half. When programs 2 and 6 (to image the temporomandibular joints) are used in place of program 1, the former combination provides more image information at an equivalent risk.

CONCLUSIONS
The value of E in panoramic radiography depends on the inclusion of the salivary glands in the calculation and the magnitude of the dose.
Assessment of maxillary sinus volume for the sinus lift operation by three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Gray C F , Staff R T , Redpath T W , Needham G , Renny N M 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To calculate sinus and bone graft volumes and vertical bone heights from sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations in patients undergoing a sinus lift operation.

METHODS
MRI scans were obtained pre-operatively and at 10 days and 10 weeks post-operatively, using a 0.95 tesla MRI scanner and a three-dimensional (3D) magnetisation prepared, rapid acquisition gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) sequence.

RESULTS
Estimates of the bone graft volumes required for a desired vertical bone height were made from the pre-operative MRI scan. Measurements of the graft volumes and bone heights actually achieved were made from the post-operative scans. The MRI appearance of the graft changed between the 10 day and 10 week scans.

CONCLUSIONS
We have proposed a technique which has the potential to give the surgeon an estimate of the optimum volume of graft for the sinus lift operation from the pre-operative MRI scan alone and demonstrated its application in a single patient. Changes in the sequential MRI appearance of the graft are consistent with replacement of fluid by a matrix of trabecular bone.
Is the morphology of the articular eminence of the temporomandibular joint a predisposing factor for disc displacement?
Authors: Kurita H , Ohtsuka A , Kobayashi H , Kurashina K 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To test the hypothesis that the morphology of the articular eminence of the TMJ is a predisposing factor for disc displacement.

METHODS
MR images of 220 TM joints in 151 patients were studied: 47 joints had no disk displacement (NDD), 81 joints disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) and 92 joints disc displacement without reduction (DDWOR). The shape of the articular eminence of the TMJ was classified into four types, box, sigmoid, flattened and deformed. The prevalence of the box and flattened forms in the three groups of joints was compared.

RESULTS
There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of the box form between the joints with NDD, DDWR, and DDWOR. On the other hand, the prevalence of the flattened-type was statistically lower in the joints with DDWR (goodness test of fit for chi 2, P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
It appears that disc displacement is less likely to be found in joints with a shallow articular eminence.
Bilateral mandibular accessory foramina and canals: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kaufman E , Serman N J , Wang P D 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To present a case of bilateral mandibular accessory canals and foramina observed on CT and review the relevant literature.

RESULTS
Based on the literature, accessory canals and foramina are prevalent in the posterior mandible and the area of the symphysis and more frequently on the internal than the external surface of the mandible. Bilateral symmetry is common. Variations exist in size and number. Occurrence may change with age and racial origin. Nerves, neurovascular bundles, arterioles and venules have been found to occupy the accessory canals and foramina. No gender differences have been described.

CONCLUSION
CT has advantages over two-dimensional radiography in identification of anatomical variations in the mandible.
A rare, radiographic 'sunray' appearance in fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Prapayasatok S , Iamaroon A , Miles D A , Kumchai T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We report a case of a 19-year-old Thai woman who had fibrous dysplasia (FD) with a rare radiographic 'sunray' appearance. The sunray appearance could have been due to either an unusual pattern of calcification within the lesion or a periosteal reaction.
A comparison of the effect of task-specific with fixed beam alignment in tuned-aperture computed tomography ®
Authors: Webber R L , Hendrickson J L 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To test the hypothesis that fixed beam alignment, representative of conventional, fixed-projection three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems, yields significantly lower detectability of approximal radiolucencies than does a task-specific strategy that 'opens the contacts'.

METHODS
Eleven pairs of extracted teeth containing systematically varying numbers of induced approximal low-contrast defects were evaluated from 3D displays produced by means of tuned-aperture computed tomography (TACT) under controlled conditions. Each of the resulting tomographic presentations was displayed in two random sequences to seven trained clinicians. The task-specific (test) series was generated from eight different projections varying in vertical disparity but constrained to open the contacts. The fixed-aiming (control) series was generated from eight projections distributed uniformly on a circle.

RESULTS
Accuracy of defect detection averaged 5%, significantly higher with task-specific aiming than with fixed alignment projection geometry (P = 0.02). All observers unequivocally preferred the displays produced from projections with open contacts; however, they demonstrated considerable variation in their approach to the task, including the time required to interpret the displays.

CONCLUSIONS
The improvement in observer accuracy obtained from radiographs displayed in three dimensions results from an imaging strategy that selectively increases the signal-to-noise ratio in regions of interest.