bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The marketing potential of corporate social responsibility activities: the case of the alcohol industry in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Pantani Daniela , Peltzer Raquel , Cremonte Mariana , Robaina Katherine , Babor Thomas , Pinsky Ilana 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimsThe aims were to: (1) identify, monitor and analyse the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices of the alcohol industry in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and (2) examine whether the alcohol industry is using these actions to market their products and brands.MethodsNine health experts from Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay conducted a content analysis of 218 CSR activities using a standardized protocol. A content rating procedure was used to evaluate the marketing potential of CSR activities as well as their probable population reach and effectiveness. The LEAD procedure (longitudinal, expert and all data) was applied to verify the accuracy of industry‐reported descriptions.ResultsA total of 55.8% of the actions were found to have a marketing potential, based on evidence that they are likely to promote brands and products. Actions with marketing potential were more likely to reach a larger audience than actions classified with no marketing potential. Most actions did not fit into any category recommended by the World Health Organization; 50% of the actions involving classroom and college education for young people were found to have marketing potential; 62.3% were classified as meeting the definition of risk management CSR.ConclusionAlcohol industry Corporate Social Responsibility activities in Latin America and the Caribbean appear to have a strategic marketing role beyond their stated philanthropic and public health purpose.
Device Strategies for Patients in INTERMACS Profiles 1 and 2 Cardiogenic Shock: Double Bridge With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Initial Implant of More Durable Devices
Authors: Cheng Richard , Ramzy Danny , Azarbal Babak , Arabia Francisco A. , Esmailian Fardad , Czer Lawrence S. , Kobashigawa Jon A. , Moriguchi Jaime D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFor Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support profiles 1 and 2 cardiogenic shock patients initially placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), whether crossover to more durable devices is associated with increased survival, and its optimal timing, are not established.Profiles 1 and 2 patients placed on mechanical support were prospectively registered. Survival and successful hospital discharge were compared between patients placed on ECMO only, ECMO with early crossover, and ECMO with delayed crossover. Survival of patients directly implanted with non‐ECMO devices was also reported.One‐hundred and sixty‐two patients were included. Mean age was 52.2 ± 13.8 years. Seventy‐three of 162 (45.1%) were initiated on ECMO. Of these, 43 were supported with ECMO only, 11 were crossed‐over early <4 days, and 19 were crossed‐over in a delayed fashion. Survival was different across groups (Log‐rank P < 0.002). In multivariate analysis, early crossover was associated with decreased mortality as compared with no crossover (hazard ratio [HR] 0.201, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.058–0.697, P = 0.011) or with delayed crossover (HR 0.255, 95%CI 0.073–0.894, P = 0.033). Mortality was not different between delayed crossover and no crossover (P = 0.473). In patients with early crossover there were no deaths at 30 days, and 60‐day survival was 90.0 ± 9.5%. Survival to hospital discharge was 72.8%. For patients directly implanted with non‐ECMO devices, 30‐day and 60‐day survival was 90.9 ± 3.1% and 87.3 ± 3.8%, respectively, and survival to hospital discharge was 78.7%.Both initial implant of durable devices and double bridge strategy was associated with improved outcomes. If the double bridge strategy is chosen, early crossover is associated with improved survival and successful hospital discharge.
Biological Evaluation of Implant Drill Made from Zirconium Dioxide
Authors: Akiba Yosuke , Eguchi Kaori , Akiba Nami , Uoshima Katsumi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeZirconia is a good candidate material in the dental field. In this study, we evaluated biological responses against a zirconia drill using a bone cavity healing model.Materials and MethodsZirconia drills, stainless steel drills, and the drilled bone surface were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), before and after cavity preparation. For the bone cavity healing model, the upper first and second molars of Wistar rats were extracted. After 4 weeks, cavities were prepared with zirconia drills on the left side. As a control, a stainless steel drill was used on the right side. At 3, 7, and 14 days after surgery, micro‐CT images were taken. Samples were prepared for histological staining.ResultsSEM images revealed that zirconia drills maintained sharpness even after 30 drilling procedures. The bone surface was smoother with the zirconia drill. Micro‐CT images showed faster and earlier bone healing in the zirconia drill cavity. On H‐E staining, at 7 days, the zirconia drill defect had a smaller blank lacunae area. At 14 days, the zirconia drill defect was filled with newly formed bone.ConclusionsThe zirconia drill induces less damage during cavity preparation and is advantageous for bone healing. (197 words)
Randomized clinical study assessing two membranes for guided bone regeneration of peri‐implant bone defects: clinical and histological outcomes at 6 months
Authors: Naenni Nadja , Schneider David , Jung Ronald E. , Hüsler Jürg , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeTo test whether or not one of two membranes is superior for peri‐implant‐guided bone regeneration in terms of clinical and histologic outcomes.Material and methodsIn 27 patients, 27 two‐piece dental implants were placed in single‐tooth gaps in the esthetic area. Buccal dehiscence and/or fenestration‐type defects were regenerated using demineralized bovine bone mineral and randomly covered with either a resorbable membrane (RES) or a titanium‐reinforced non‐resorbable membrane (N‐RES). Clinical measurements included vertical defect resolution and the horizontal thickness of regenerated bone at implant placement and at 6 months. Statistics were performed by means of nonparametric testing.ResultsThe remaining mean vertical defect measured 4 mm (±2.07) (RES) and 2.36 mm (±2.09) (N‐RES) (P = 0.044) at baseline and 0.77 mm (±0.85) (RES) and 0.21 mm (±0.80) (N‐RES) (P = 0.021) at re‐entry. This translated into a defect resolution of 85% (RES) and 90.7% (N‐RES) (P = 0.10). The horizontal thickness after augmentation measured 3.46 mm (±0.52) (RES) and 2.82 mm (±0.50) (N‐RES) (P = 0.004). The mean loss in horizontal thickness from baseline to re‐entry measured 2.23 mm (SD ±1.21) (RES) and 0.14 mm (±0.79) (N‐RES) (P = 0.017). The horizontal changes in thickness at the implant shoulder level were statistically significant between the groups (P = 0.0001).ConclusionsBoth treatment modalities were clinically effective in regenerating bone as demonstrated by a similar horizontal thickness and vertical defect fill at 6 months. The N‐RES group exhibited significantly less horizontal bone thickness reduction from baseline to follow‐up.
Altered functional brain connectivity in children and young people with opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome
Authors: Chekroud Adam M , Anand Geetha , Yong Jean , Pike Michael , Bridge Holly 
Published: September 2016

AimOpsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare, poorly understood condition that can result in long‐term cognitive, behavioural, and motor sequelae. Several studies have investigated structural brain changes associated with this condition, but little is known about changes in function. This study aimed to investigate changes in brain functional connectivity in patients with OMS.MethodSeven patients with OMS and 10 age‐matched comparison participants underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to acquire resting‐state functional MRI data (whole‐brain echo‐planar images; 2mm isotropic voxels; multiband factor ×2) for a cross‐sectional study. A seed‐based analysis identified brain regions in which signal changes over time correlated with the cerebellum. Model‐free analysis was used to determine brain networks showing altered connectivity.ResultsIn patients with OMS, the motor cortex showed significantly reduced connectivity, and the occipito‐parietal region significantly increased connectivity with the cerebellum relative to the comparison group. A model‐free analysis also showed extensive connectivity within a visual network, including the cerebellum and basal ganglia, not present in the comparison group. No other networks showed any differences between groups.InterpretationPatients with OMS showed reduced connectivity between the cerebellum and motor cortex, but increased connectivity with occipito‐parietal regions. This pattern of change supports widespread brain involvement in OMS.
Cutaneous manifestations of graft‐versus‐host disease: role of the dermatologist
Authors: Kavand Sima , Lehman Julia S. , Hashmi Shahrukh , Gibson Lawrence E. , el‐Azhary Rokea A. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryGraft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is the major complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is associated with high mortality in severe cases. The skin is one of the major organs affected in both acute and chronic GVHD. This review aims to elucidate the basic characteristics of GVHD, and the role and contribution of dermatologists in the care of patients with this condition.
Medición de la vulnerabilidad en el empleo en Europa
Authors: BAZILLIER Rémi , BOBOC Cristina , CALAVREZO Oana 
Published: September 2016

ResumenEl aumento de los contratos atípicos y de la rotación laboral en Europa está intensificando la vulnerabilidad en el empleo. Con datos de la Encuesta Social Europea de 2008 y mediante análisis de correspondencias múltiples, los autores elaboran tres índices de vulnerabilidad en el empleo (en función del empleador, del puesto de trabajo y de ambos), que aplican a una muestra de 29 países, fundamentalmente europeos. El primero (equivalente a la definición de empleo vulnerable de la OIT, basada en países en desarrollo) explica el 51 por ciento de los datos. En el segundo, resultan determinantes la categoría ocupacional y la ausencia de responsabilidades de supervisión.
Efectos de las remesas de migrantes mexicanos en el Canadá en las explotaciones agrarias mexicanas
Authors: CARVAJAL GUTIÉRREZ Lidia , JOHNSON Thomas G. 
Published: September 2016

ResumenCon datos de una encuesta a participantes en el Programa de Trabajadores Agrícolas Temporales México‐Canadá, los autores estiman un modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y encuentran que las remesas impulsan las inversiones agrícolas en México, que a su vez incrementan los ingresos agrícolas. También observan una influencia positiva de las remesas en los ingresos no agrícolas en México, ya que permiten a los encuestados emprender y diversificar sus inversiones. Ello refrenda la teoría de la «nueva economía de la migración laboral», según la cual las remesas contribuyen al desarrollo económico al compensar la falta de créditos en la función de inversión de las explotaciones agrarias familiares.
NONPARAMETRIC AND SEMIPARAMETRIC PANEL DATA MODELS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: Rodriguez‐Poo Juan M. , Soberon Alexandra 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we provide an intensive review of the recent developments for semiparametric and fully nonparametric panel data models that are linearly separable in the innovation and the individual‐specific term. We analyze these developments under two alternative model specifications: fixed and random effects panel data models. More precisely, in the random effects setting, we focus our attention in the analysis of some efficiency issues that have to do with the so‐calledworking independence condition. This assumption is introduced when estimating the asymptotic variance–covariance matrix of nonparametric estimators. In the fixed effects setting, to cope with the so‐calledincidental parameters problem, we consider two different estimation approaches: profiling techniques and differencing methods. Furthermore, we are also interested in the endogeneity problem and how instrumental variables are used in this context. In addition, for practitioners, we also show different ways of avoiding the so‐calledcurse of dimensionalityproblem in pure nonparametric models. In this way, semiparametric and additive models appear as a solution when the number of explanatory variables is large.
Review of Teenlink: A health service for children and adolescents of parents with substance use
Authors: Zehetner Anthony , Iatrou Popi , Lampropoulos Basiliki , Phillips Natalie 
Published: September 2016

AimTo evaluate Teenlink, a wide‐ranging medical and psychological health service addressing the needs of children and adolescents in substance‐using families, who are at increased risk of developmental and psychosocial problems.MethodsRetrospective record review of 124 children, from 92 families seen over a 13 year period.ResultsPolysubstance use and mental illness were common amongst parents. Children often presented with emotional and behavioural problems. Teenlink provided parenting skills, individual and family work, medical care, case management, advocacy, collaboration and education with adult drug and alcohol services.ConclusionsThe chronic and complex nature of parental addiction, need for ongoing support and tailored service utilisation, reflected the length of engagement.
Temporal and bathymetric variation of epiphyte cover and leaf biomass in a southern Posidonia oceanica (L.) meadow: the case of Mahdia coast, Tunisia
Authors: Mabrouk Lotfi , Asma Hamza , Bradai Med N. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of this research was to study spatial and temporal variation in epiphyte cover and leaf biomass of Posidonia oceanica in Eastern Tunisia. Sampling was conducted at four stations on the Mahdia coast during October and December 2010, and April and August 2011, which correspond respectively to autumn, winter, spring and summer in this area. Posidonia oceanica shoots were collected at two depths (5 and 10 m). Cover of macroinvertebrates and macroalgae was estimated on adult leaves. The results showed that leaf and epiphyte biomasses vary significantly according to sampling date, with the highest values recorded in August. We found a high diversity of epiphytic assemblages on the leaves of P. oceanica with clear qualitative and quantitative dominance of Rhodophyceae compared to other groups, followed by Phaeophyceae. Most epiphyte species on the leaves of P. oceanica in Eastern Tunisia are the same as those in other parts of the Mediterranean Sea. No bathymetrical variation in the epiphytic community was found in our study area, which can be explained by the high levels of water clarity in Mahdia.
Modified niche optima and breadths explain the historical contingency of bacterial community responses to eutrophication in coastal sediments
Authors: Fodelianakis S. , Moustakas A. , Papageorgiou N. , Manoli O. , Tsikopoulou I. , Michoud G. , Daffonchio D. , Karakassis I. , Ladoukakis E. D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the response of bacterial communities to disturbances depends on their environmental history. Historically fluctuating habitats host communities that respond better to disturbance than communities of historically stable habitats. However, the exact ecological mechanism that drives this dependency remains unknown. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that modifications of niche optima and niche breadths of the community members are driving this dependency of bacterial responses to past environmental conditions. First, we develop a novel, simple method to calculate the niche optima and breadths of bacterial taxa regarding single environmental gradients. Then, we test this method on sediment bacterial communities of three habitats, one historically stable and less loaded and two historically more variable and more loaded habitats in terms of historical chlorophyll‐α water concentration, that we subject to hypoxia via organic matter addition ex situ. We find that communities containing bacterial taxa differently adapted to hypoxia show different structural and functional responses, depending on the sediment's environmental history. Specifically, in the historically less fluctuating and loaded sediments where we find more taxa poorly adapted to hypoxic conditions, communities change a lot over time and organic matter is not degraded efficiently. The opposite is true for the historically more fluctuating and loaded sediments where we find more taxa well adapted to hypoxia. Based on the community responses observed here, we also propose an alternative calculation of community resistance that takes into account how rapidly the communities respond to disturbances and not just the initial and final states of the community.
Beekeeping practices and geographic distance, not land use, drive gene flow across tropical bees
Authors: Jaffé Rodolfo , Pope Nathaniel , Acosta André L. , Alves Denise A. , Arias Maria C. , De la Rúa Pilar , Francisco Flávio O. , Giannini Tereza C. , González‐Chaves Adrian , Imperatriz‐Fonseca Vera L. , Tavares Mara G. , Jha Shalene , Carvalheiro Luísa G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAcross the globe, wild bees are threatened by ongoing natural habitat loss, risking the maintenance of plant biodiversity and agricultural production. Despite the ecological and economic importance of wild bees and the fact that several species are now managed for pollination services worldwide, little is known about how land use and beekeeping practices jointly influence gene flow. Using stingless bees as a model system, containing wild and managed species that are presumed to be particularly susceptible to habitat degradation, here we examine the main drivers of tropical bee gene flow. We employ a novel landscape genetic approach to analyse data from 135 populations of 17 stingless bee species distributed across diverse tropical biomes within the Americas. Our work has important methodological implications, as we illustrate how a maximum‐likelihood approach can be applied in a meta‐analysis framework to account for multiple factors, and weight estimates by sample size. In contrast to previously held beliefs, gene flow was not related to body size or deforestation, and isolation by geographic distance (IBD) was significantly affected by management, with managed species exhibiting a weaker IBD than wild ones. Our study thus reveals the critical importance of beekeeping practices in shaping the patterns of genetic differentiation across bee species. Additionally, our results show that many stingless bee species maintain high gene flow across heterogeneous landscapes. We suggest that future efforts to preserve wild tropical bees should focus on regulating beekeeping practices to maintain natural gene flow and enhancing pollinator‐friendly habitats, prioritizing species showing a limited dispersal ability.
Relating fitness to long‐term environmental variations in natura
Authors: Milesi Pascal , Lenormand Thomas , Lagneau Christophe , Weill Mylène , Labbé Pierrick 
Published: September 2016

AbstractQuantifying links between ecological processes and adaptation dynamics in natura remains a crucial challenge. Many studies have documented the strength, form and direction of selection, and its variations in space and time, but only a few managed to link these variations to their proximal causes. This step is, however, crucial, if we are to understand how the variation in selective pressure affects adaptive allele dynamics in natural settings. We used data from a long‐term survey (about 30 years) monitoring the adaptation to insecticides of Culex pipiens mosquitoes in Montpellier area (France), focusing on three resistance alleles of the Ester locus. We used a population genetics model taking temporal and spatial variations in selective pressure into account, to assess the quantitative relationships between variations in the proximal agent of selection (amounts of insecticide sprayed) and the fitness of resistance alleles. The response to variations in selective pressure was fast, and the alleles displayed different fitness‐to‐environment relationships: the analyses revealed that even slight changes in insecticide doses could induce changes in the strength and direction of selection, thus changing the fitness ranking of the adaptive alleles. They also revealed that selective pressures other than the insecticides used for mosquito control affected the resistance allele dynamics. These fitness‐to‐environment relationships, fast responses and continuous evolution limit our ability to predict the outcome of adaptive allele dynamics in a changing environment, but they clearly contribute to the maintenance of polymorphism in natural populations. Our study also emphasizes the necessity of long‐term surveys in evolutionary ecology.
Is telomere length a molecular marker of past thermal stress in wild fish?
Authors: Debes Paul V. , Visse Marko , Panda Bineet , Ilmonen Petteri , Vasemägi Anti 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTelomeres protect eukaryotic chromosomes; variation in telomere length has been linked (primarily in homoeothermic animals) to variation in stress, cellular ageing and disease risk. Moreover, telomeres have been suggested to function as biomarker for quantifying past environmental stress, but studies in wild animals remain rare. Environmental stress, such as extreme environmental temperatures in poikilothermic animals, may result in oxidative stress that accelerates telomere attrition. However, growth, which may depend on temperature, can also contribute to telomere attrition. To test for associations between multitissue telomere length and past water temperature while accounting for the previous individual growth, we used quantitative PCR to analyse samples from 112 young‐of‐the‐year brown trout from 10 natural rivers with average water temperature differences of up to 6°C (and an absolute maximum of 23°C). We found negative associations between relative telomere length (RTL) and both average river temperature and individual body size. We found no indication of RTL–temperature association differences among six tissues, but we did find indications for differences among the tissues for associations between RTL and body size; size trends, albeit nonsignificant in their differences, were strongest in muscle and weakest in fin. Although causal relationships among temperature, growth, oxidative stress, and cross‐sectional telomere length remain largely unknown, our results indicate that telomere‐length variation in a poikilothermic wild animal is associated with both past temperature and growth.