bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared decision‐making in the paediatric field: a literature review and concept analysis
Authors: Park Eun Sook , Cho In Young 
Published: September 2017

AimThe concept of shared decision‐making is poorly defined and often used interchangeably with related terms. The aim of this study was to delineate and clarify the concept of shared decision‐making in the paediatric field.MethodRodgers and Knafl's evolutionary concept analysis was used to delineate and clarify the concept. Following a search of the CINAHL, PubMed and MEDLINE databases and online journals between 1995 and 2016, we included a total of 42 articles that referred to shared decision‐making in the paediatric field.ResultsThe attributes included active participation of the three: parents, children and health professionals; collaborative partnership; reaching a compromise; and common goal for child's health. Antecedents were existing several options with different possible outcomes; substantial decisional conflict; recognising child's health situations that decision‐making is needed; and willingness to participate in decision‐making. Finally, the consequences included decreased decisional conflict; mutual empowerment; improved child health status; and improved quality of paediatric health care.ConclusionThis study provides a theoretical understanding of the concept of shared decision‐making in the paediatric field; furthermore, by integrating this concept into paediatric practice, it may help to reduce the gap between theory and practice. The analysis could also provide nursing researchers with insight into paediatric decision‐making and establish a foundation to develop future interventions and situation‐specific theory for promoting high‐quality decision‐making in the paediatric field.
Paradoxes of Social Impact Bonds
Authors: Maier Florentine , Barbetta Gian Paolo , Godina Franka 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSocial Impact Bonds (SIBs) have alternatively been portrayed as a promising tool to improve the functioning of welfare systems, or as an instrument of neo‐liberalism that threatens to undermine them. Recently, a more nuanced understanding of the promises as well as pitfalls of SIBs has developed, as both practical experiences and published empirical evidence about implemented SIBs have increased in number. We aim to contribute to the development of such an understanding by analyzing practitioner reports on SIBs. We identify two key paradoxes of SIBs. These paradoxes centre on statements that cannot both hold true for the very same SIB: (1) flexible but evidence‐based services; and (2) cost‐saving risk transfer to private investors. We conclude by discussing how those paradoxes have been resolved in existing SIBs, which strategies of de‐paradoxification may turn out to be paramount in future, and how positive aspects of SIBs can be preserved while defusing their more problematic ones.
Modified push‐off test for analysing the shear behaviour of concrete cracks
Authors: Echegaray‐Oviedo Javier , Navarro‐Gregori Juan , Cuenca E. , Serna P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA detailed methodology to perform the so‐called push‐off test in precracked concrete specimens is presented. The test is performed with the specimen confined in 2 stages (precracking and push‐off) to control crack width. Confinement is provided by a steel restraint frame, which includes a ball bearing to avoid shearing forces from being transmitted outside the shear plane. The real kinematic behaviour of a single‐open crack can be assessed. This makes the experimental validation of crack dilatancy models possible. Therefore, the intention of this methodology is to take knowledge about direct shear behaviour on concrete cracks one step forward.
AVIGSscreen identifies immunity in the Arabidopsis Pla‐1 accession to viruses in two different genera of the Geminiviridae
Authors: Reyes Maria Ines , Flores‐Vergara Miguel A. , Guerra‐Peraza Orlene , Rajabu Cyprian , Desai Jigar , Hiromoto‐Ruiz Yokiko H. , Ndunguru Joseph , Hanley‐Bowdoin Linda , Kjemtrup Susanne , Ascencio‐Ibáñez Jose T. , Robertson Dominique 
Published: September 2017

SummaryGeminiviruses areDNAviruses that cause severe crop losses in different parts of the world, and there is a need for genetic sources of resistance to help combat them. Arabidopsis has been used as a source for virus‐resistant genes that derive from alterations in essential host factors. We used a virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector derived from the geminivirusCabbage leaf curl virus(CaLCuV) to assess natural variation in virus–host interactions in 190 Arabidopsis accessions. Silencing ofCH‐42, encoding a protein needed to make chlorophyll, was used as a visible marker to discriminate asymptomatic accessions from those showing resistance. There was a wide range in symptom severity and extent of silencing in different accessions, but two correlations could be made. Lines with severe symptoms uniformly lacked extensiveVIGS, and lines that showed attenuated symptoms over time (recovery) showed a concomitant increase in the extent ofVIGS. One accession, Pla‐1, lacked both symptoms and silencing, and was immune to wild‐type infectious clones corresponding to CaLCuV orBeet curly top virus(BCTV), which are classified in different genera in the Geminiviridae. It also showed resistance to the agronomically importantTomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV). Quantitative trait locus mapping of a Pla‐1 X Col‐0 F2population was used to detect a major peak on chromosome 1, which is designatedgip‐1(geminivirus immunity Pla‐1‐1). The recessive nature of resistance to CaLCuV and the lack of obvious candidate genes near thegip‐1locus suggest that a novel resistance gene(s) confers immunity.
Sirtuin Lipoamidase Activity Is Conserved in Bacteria as a Regulator of Metabolic Enzyme Complexes
Authors: Rowland Elizabeth A. , Greco Todd M. , Snowden Caroline K. , McCabe Anne L. , Silhavy Thomas J. , Cristea Ileana M. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Lipoic acid is an essential metabolic cofactor added as a posttranslational modification on several multimeric enzyme complexes. These protein complexes, evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans, are core regulators of cellular metabolism. While the multistep enzymatic process of adding lipoyl modifications has been well characterized in
Escherichia coli
, the enzyme required for the removal of these lipoyl moieties (i.e., a lipoamidase or delipoylase) has not yet been identified. Here, we describe our discovery of sirtuins as lipoamidases in bacteria and establish their conserved substrates. Specifically, by using a series of knockout, overexpression, biochemical,
in vitro
, proteomic, and functional assays, we determined the substrates of sirtuin CobB in
E. coli
as components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KDH), and glycine cleavage (GCV) complexes.
In vitro
assays provided direct evidence for this specific CobB activity and its NAD
+
dependence, a signature of all sirtuins. By designing a targeted quantitative mass spectrometry method, we further measured sirtuin-dependent, site-specific lipoylation on these substrates. The biological significance of CobB-modulated lipoylation was next established by its inhibition of both PDH and KDH activities. By restricting the carbon sources available to
E. coli
, we demonstrated that CobB regulates PDH and KDH under several growth conditions. Additionally, we found that SrtN, the sirtuin homolog in Gram-positive
Bacillus subtilis
, can also act as a lipoamidase. By demonstrating the evolutionary conservation of lipoamidase activity across sirtuin homologs, along with the conservation of common substrates, this work emphasizes the significance of protein lipoylation in regulating central metabolic processes.

IMPORTANCE
Here, we demonstrate that sirtuin lipoamidase activity exists in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and establishing its conservation from bacteria to humans. Specifically, we discovered that CobB and SrtN act as lipoamidases in
E. coli
and
B. subtilis
, respectively. Intriguingly, not only is this sirtuin enzymatic activity conserved, but also the lipoylated substrates and functions are conserved, as bacterial sirtuins negatively regulate the lipoylation levels and activities of PDH and KDH. Considering that PDH and KDH regulate two carbon entry points into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, our finding highlights lipoylation as a conserved molecular toggle that regulates central metabolic pathways. Indeed, our findings from tests in which we limited nutrient availability support this. Furthermore, this study illustrates how the integration of technologies from different disciplines provides avenues to uncover enzymatic activities at the core of cellular metabolism regulation.
Does internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy reduce healthcare costs and resource use in treatment of social anxiety disorder? A cost-minimisation analysis conducted alongside a randomised controlled trial
Authors: El Alaoui Samir , Hedman-Lagerlöf Erik , Ljótsson Brjánn , Lindefors Nils 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) can be effectively treated with internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT), but studies on long-term cost minimisation from a healthcare provider perspective in comparison to an evidence-based control treatment of therapeutic equivalence are lacking. The objective of the study was to determine whether ICBT reduces healthcare costs and use of healthcare resources compared with cognitive behavioural group therapy (CBGT).DesignA cost-minimisation study alongside a randomised controlled trial where participants (n=126) with SAD were randomised to ICBT or to CBGT. Costs measured from a healthcare provider perspective were estimated using time-driven activity-based costing alongside health status over 4 years from baseline measured with EQ-5D.SettingA psychiatric outpatient clinic in Stockholm, Sweden.ParticipantsParticipants were 126 individuals with SAD.Primary outcome measuresChanges in EQ-5D and costs.InterventionsParticipants received either CBGT or ICBT for a duration of 15 weeks.ResultsICBT minimised healthcare costs and demonstrated health improvements within the non-inferiority margin. Assuming a practical work capacity for personnel varying between 100%, 80% and 50% of theoretical full capacity, the cost for ICBT varied in the range between 400€, 463€ and 654 €, while the cost for CBGT varied between 699€, 806€ and 1134€. Within-group effect size was −0.36 (95% CI −0.70 to −0.01) for ICBT and −0.25 (95% CI −0.60 to 0.10) for CBGT. Mean use of effective psychologist time in ICBT was 189.60 (SD=53.77) minutes compared with 499.78 (SD=30.91) in the CBGT group.ConclusionsIn treatment of SAD, ICBT is equally effective but is associated with more efficient staff utilisation and less costs compared with CBGT. From a healthcare provider perspective, ICBT is an advantageous treatment option.Trial registration number
Regulatory NK cells mediated between immunosuppressive monocytes and dysfunctional T cells in chronic HBV infection
Authors: Li Haijun , Zhai Naicui , Wang Zhongfeng , Song Hongxiao , Yang Yang , Cui An , Li Tianyang , Wang Guangyi , Niu Junqi , Crispe Ian Nicholas , Su Lishan , Tu Zhengkun 
Published: September 2017

Background and aimsHBV infection represents a major health problem worldwide, but the immunological mechanisms by which HBV causes chronic persistent infection remain only partly understood. Recently, cell subsets with suppressive features have been recognised among monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. Here we examine the effects of HBV on monocytes and NK cells.MethodsMonocytes and NK cells derived from chronic HBV-infected patients and healthy controls were purified and characterised for phenotype, gene expression and cytokines secretion by flow cytometry, quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR, ELISA and western blotting. Culture and coculture of monocytes and NK cells were used to determine NK cell activation, using intracellular cytokines staining.ResultsIn chronic HBV infection, monocytes express higher levels of PD-L1, HLA-E, interleukin (IL)-10 and TGF-β, and NK cells express higher levels of PD-1, CD94 and IL-10, compared with healthy individuals. HBV employs hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to induce suppressive monocytes with HLA-E, PD-L1, IL-10 and TGF-β expression via the MyD88/NFκB signalling pathway. HBV-treated monocytes induce NK cells to produce IL-10, via PD-L1 and HLA-E signals. Such NK cells inhibit autologous T cell activation.ConclusionsOur findings reveal an immunosuppressive cascade, in which HBV generates suppressive monocytes, which initiate regulatory NK cells differentiation resulting in T cell inhibition.
Young adulthood and adulthood adiposity in relation to incidence of pancreatic cancer: a prospective study of 0.5 million Chinese adults and a meta-analysis
Authors: Pang Yuanjie , Holmes Michael V , Kartsonaki Christiana , Guo Yu , Yang Ling , Bian Zheng , Chen Yiping , Bragg Fiona , Iona Andri , Millwood Iona Y , Chen Junshi , Li Liming , Chen Zhengming 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundAdult adiposity is positively associated with pancreatic cancer in Western populations. Little is known, however, about the association in China where many have lower body mass index (BMI) or about the relevance of young adulthood adiposity for pancreatic cancer in both Western and East Asian populations.MethodsThe China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) recruited 512 891 adults aged 30–79 years during 2004–2008, recording 595 incident cases of pancreatic cancer during 8-year follow-up. Cox regression yielded adjusted HRs for pancreatic cancer associated with self-reported young adulthood (mean ~25 years) BMI and with measured adulthood (mean ~52 years) BMI and other adiposity measures (eg, waist circumference (WC)). These were further meta-analysed with published prospective studies.ResultsOverall, the mean BMI (SD) was 21.9 (2.6) at age 25 years and 23.7 (3.3) kg/m2at age 52 years. Young adulthood BMI was strongly positively associated with pancreatic cancer in CKB (adjusted HR=1.36, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.61, per 5 kg/m2higher BMI) and in meta-analysis of CKB and four other studies (1.18, 1.12 to 1.24). In CKB, there was also a positive association of pancreatic cancer with adulthood BMI (1.11, 0.97 to 1.27, per 5 kg/m2), similar in magnitude to that in meta-analyses of East Asian studies using measured BMI (n=2; 1.08, 0.99 to 1.19) and of Western studies (n=25; 1.10, 1.06 to 1.12). Likewise, meta-analysis of four studies, including CKB, showed a positive association of adulthood WC with pancreatic cancer (1.10, 1.06 to 1.14, per 10 cm).ConclusionsIn both East Asian and Western populations, adiposity was positively associated with risk of pancreatic cancer, with a somewhat stronger association for young than late-life adiposity.
Improving reliability in critical healthcare sector using FAMECA methodology
Authors: Katina Polinpapilinho Freeman , Magpili-Smith Nina C 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundHealthcare systems are critical to the well-being of the society. In such a setting, the ability of the system to perform its intended mission/function during the designed period of time (ie, reliability) is essential. However, there remains a scarcity of literature, suggesting how the concept of reliability can be addressed in the context of critical healthcare infrastructure systems.MethodsWe recognise the importance of healthcare in the context of critical infrastructures. These systems produce goods and services essential for maintaining and sustaining public well-being. We suggest the use of failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FAMECA) approach to increase reliability in critical healthcare systems. Phases of FAMECA are described.ResultsAfter reviewing the application of FAMECA and describing its basics, authors describe critical healthcare sector in terms of components, organisations, management and non-healthcare interdependent systems. The resulting application indicates applicability of the approach and articulates failure modes, effects and development of possible solutions to such modes and effects to increase reliability. The presented application, however, is very general and specific case applications are needed.ConclusionsA decision to suggest the FAMECA as a methodological approach in critical healthcare systems is pivotal to improving systems reliability and enhances the ability of the system to meet its intended missions during the designed period of time. The utility of FAMECA is found in its ability to identify potential failure modes, their effects and suggesting remedial efforts, including tools and technologies to address failure modes and their effects.
The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Coast Guard Cohort study
Authors: Rusiecki Jennifer , Alexander Melannie , Schwartz Erica G , Wang Li , Weems Laura , Barrett John , Christenbury Kate , Johndrow David , Funk Renée H , Engel Lawrence S 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesLong-term studies of oil spill responders are urgently needed as oil spills continue to occur. To this end, we established the prospective Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Oil Spill Coast Guard Cohort study.MethodsDWH oil spill responders (n=8696) and non-responders (n=44 823) who were members of the US Coast Guard (20 April–17 December 2010) were included. This cohort uses both prospective, objective health data from military medical encounters and cross-sectional survey data. Here, we describe the cohort, present adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) estimating cross-sectional associations between crude oil exposure (none, low/medium, high) and acute physical symptoms, and present adjusted relative risks (RRs) based on longitudinal medical encounter data (2010–2012) for responders/non-responders and responders exposed/not exposed to crude oil.ResultsResponders and non-responders in this large cohort (n=53 519) have similar characteristics. Crude oil exposure was reported by >50% of responders. We found statistically significant associations for crude oil exposure with coughing (PRhigh=1.78), shortness of breath (PRhigh=2.30), wheezing (PRhigh=2.32), headaches (PRhigh=1.46), light-headedness/dizziness (PRhigh=1.96), skin rash/itching (PRhigh=1.87), diarrhoea (PRhigh=1.76), stomach pain (PRhigh=1.67), nausea/vomiting (PRhigh=1.48) and painful/burning urination (PRhigh=2.89) during deployment. Longitudinal analyses revealed that responders had elevated RRs for dermal conditions (RR=1.09), as did oil-exposed responders for chronic respiratory conditions (RR=1.32), asthma (RR=1.83) and dermal conditions (RR=1.21).ConclusionsWe found positive associations between crude oil exposure and various acute physical symptoms among responders, as well as longer term health effects. This cohort is well positioned to evaluate both short-term and long-term effects of oil spill exposures using both self-reported and clinical health data.
ProNGF-p75NTR axis plays a proinflammatory role in inflamed joints: a novel pathogenic mechanism in chronic arthritis
Authors: Minnone Gaetana , Soligo Marzia , Caiello Ivan , Prencipe Giusi , Manni Luigi , Marafon Denise Pires , Magni-Manzoni Silvia , Manzo Antonio , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Bracci-Laudiero Luisa 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo identify the role of mature nerve growth factor (mNGF), its immature form proNGF and their receptors in arthritis inflammation.MethodsReal-time PCR, western blot and ELISA were performed to evaluate NGF, proNGF, their receptor and cytokine expression in synovial tissue and cells of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and controls.ResultsproNGF and not mNGF is the prevalent form measured in synovial fluids of patients with JIA and RA with synovial fibroblasts as a major source of proNGF in the inflamed synoviae. p75NTR, the specific receptor for proNGF, is the NGF receptor most expressed in mononuclear cells of patients with JIA, while TrkA is the prevalent receptor in healthy donors. In ex vivo experiments the effects of proNGF differ from those of mNGF, suggesting that the balance of p75NTR and TrkA expression represents a critical factor in regulating mNGF/proNGF functions, determining which intracellular pathways and biological activities are triggered. Contrary to NGF, proNGF administration increased inflammatory cytokines but not interleukin (IL)-10 expression, inducing a stronger activation of p38 and JNK pathways. proNGF effects depend on its binding to p75NTR, as inhibition of p75NTR with neutralising antibodies or LM11A-31 abolished proNGF-induced production of IL-6 in patients’ mononuclear cells, while inhibition of TrkA did not. There is a correlation in patients with arthritis between high p75NTR levels and severity of clinical symptoms.ConclusionsOur data suggest that an active proNGF-p75NTR axis promotes proinflammatory mechanisms contributing to chronic tissue inflammation, and that the use of p75NTR inhibitors may represent a new therapeutic approach in chronic arthritis.
Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography (MSOT) of Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Diot Gael , Metz Stephan , Noske Aurelia , Liapis Evangelos , Schroeder Barbara , Ovsepian Saak V. , Meier Reinhard , Rummeny Ernst , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Purpose: In a pilot study, we introduce fast handheld multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) of the breast at 28 wavelengths, aiming to identify high-resolution optoacoustic (photoacoustic) patterns of breast cancer and noncancerous breast tissue.
Experimental Design: We imaged 10 female patients ages 48–81 years with malignant nonspecific breast cancer or invasive lobular carcinoma. Three healthy volunteers ages 31–36 years were also imaged. Fast-MSOT was based on unique single-frame-per-pulse (SFPP) image acquisition employed to improve the accuracy of spectral differentiation over using a small number of wavelengths. Breast tissue was illuminated at the 700–970 nm spectral range over 0.56 seconds total scan time. MSOT data were guided by ultrasonography and X-ray mammography or MRI.
Results: The extended spectral range allowed the computation of oxygenated hemoglobin (HBO2), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HB), total blood volume (TBV), lipid, and water contributions, allowing first insights into in vivo high-resolution breast tissue MSOT cancer patterns. TBV and Hb/HBO2 images resolved marked differences between cancer and control tissue, manifested as a vessel-rich tumor periphery with highly heterogeneous spatial appearance compared with healthy tissue. We observe significant TBV variations between different tumors and between tumors over healthy tissues. Water and fat lipid layers appear disrupted in cancer versus healthy tissue; however, offer weaker contrast compared with TBV images.
Conclusions: In contrast to optical methods, MSOT resolves physiologic cancer features with high resolution and revealed patterns not offered by other radiologic modalities. The new features relate to personalized and precision medicine potential. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 6912–22. ©2017 AACR.