bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure evolution of AlSi10Mg alloy in RAP process
Authors: Tütük İbrahim , Acar Serhat , Özer Gökhan , Güler Kerem Altuğ 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With its computer-aided layer-by-layer production approach, additive manufacturing (AM) and powder bed laser fusion (PBLF) paved the way to produce metallic parts more precisely than any other manufacturing technique. However, the combinability and the interaction of this relatively new manufacturing technique with the other near-net shape production techniques is still a mystery. In this study, the recrystallization and partial melting (RAP) behavior, which is a feedstock production approach for semisolid forming methods, investigated on AlSi10Mg parts produced by PBLF and conventional casting were compared in terms of microstructural and hardness evaluations. After the reheating process, the globalization of Si particles and the breakdown of the Si network around the melt pools were displayed with light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The hardness values of the PBLF as-fabricated specimens were found to be significantly higher than the as-cast specimens; however, the values were almost equaled after the RAP treatment and even got lower on the bottom and top regions of the PBLF samples after 20 min of reheating because of the enlarged shrinkage porosities and the coarsened morphology.
Malaysia’s progress in achieving the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) through the lens of chemistry
Authors: Lee Hooi Ling , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Md Akil Mohd Abdul Muin , Mohammed Akib Noor Adelyna , Gew Lai Ti , Lim Teck Hock , Othman Rozana , Su’ait Mohd Sukor , Tang Wai Kit , Yeoh Yong Sheng , Chee Su Yin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Malaysia has initiated a roadmap aligned with the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to integrate them into its national development strategy. Chaired by the Prime Minister, the National SDG Council has established a participatory governance structure to foster collaboration among government agencies, civil society, and the private sector, promoting understanding of the SDGs’ interconnectedness. National symposiums and focus group sessions have been conducted to raise awareness and gather stakeholder input in formulating SDG-related policies and programs. Collaboration with NGOs, civil society, and the private sector has been prioritized, with initiatives integrated into the 11th Malaysian Plan to incorporate sustainable development into the national strategy. The creation of a national SDG Roadmap will offer a systematic approach to realizing the UN’s 2030 Agenda for SDGs. Chemistry serves as a crucial element in advancing SDGs by addressing pressing challenges and exploring new avenues for sustainable development. This article examines Malaysia’s sustainable development journey through a chemical lens, addressing 12 of the 17 SDGs. Malaysia aims to play a pivotal role in achieving these goals, addressing environmental, social, and economic challenges by leveraging scientific knowledge and innovation in chemistry. The recommendations underscore Malaysia’s potential to become a more resilient and sustainable nation, contributing significantly to global sustainability efforts.
The Great Powers Competition and Increasing Entropy in the Local Media Across Africa and Asia
Authors: Gooch Elizabeth , Kim Steven , Sobrepena Nicholas , Goethe Stone , Eckstrand Eric 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The current United States National Defense Strategy prioritizes strategic competition with Russia and China, whereas for the previous two decades, the priority was counter-terrorism. This research aims to measure the extent to which competition among great powers is intensifying and identify where such intensification is taking place. To achieve this, we utilize a large, open-source dataset called GDELT 2.0, which provides an archive of global news articles. We calculate the entropy for local press coverage of great powers (e.g., the United States, China, Russia, France, and India) across 96 African and Asian nations to measure static competition levels. Additionally, we identify African and Asian nations where competition levels have changed significantly between 2015 and 2020. Our findings show that seven countries are experiencing increased competition among great powers, whereas seven other countries experience increased domination by one great power. When we aggregate the data geographically, we find that Southeast Asia is the only subregion where there is a significant decrease in competition. Our results align with the primary concern of the National Defense Strategy: that American influence is decreasing. Specifically, we have identified increased competition across Africa and increased domination across Asia. These trends are due to a relatively higher reporting of Chinese in-country public and private entities between 2015 and 2020.
Toll-like receptor 2-mediated ERK activation significantly upregulates interleukin-6 expression in M2-polarized macrophages
Authors: Jo Wol Soon , Kim Sung Dae , Jeong Soo Kyung , Oh Su Jung , Baik Ji Sue , Seo Ji An , Baek Jeong-Hwa , Lee Chang Geun , Kang Young-Rok , Jeong Min Ho , Park Moon-Taek 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
M2-polarized macrophages and interleukin (IL)-6 significantly alter the tumor microenvironment and promote the malignant behaviors of tumor cells. This study aimed to establish M2-type macrophages from THP-1 cells, which are human leukemia monocytes, and investigate the significance of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling in IL-6 production.

Methods
THP-1 cells were treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, IL-4, and IL-13 to stimulate their differentiation into M2 macrophages. Cell differentiation was confirmed by cytokine production, marker expression, and morphological alterations. Treatment with TLR agonists induced TLR stimulation in M2 macrophages. Subsequently, secretion and expression levels of IL-6 in M2 macrophages were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting.

Results
Myeloid differentiation factor 88, tumor necrosis factor-associated factor 6, and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1/4 signaling pathways contributed to IL-6 production upon TLR2 activation in M2 macrophages. While both TLR2 and TLR4 activated NF-κB in M2 macrophages, IL-6 production was mainly dependent on TLR2, not TLR4, suggesting the involvement of major mechanisms other than NF-κB in IL-6 production. Notably, TLR2-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was necessary for abundant IL-6 production, indicating that TLR2-mediated ERK signaling plays an essential role in M2 macrophages.

Conclusions
These results highlight the significance of TLR2 signaling in IL-6 production by M2 macrophages and provide insights into the underlying regulatory mechanisms.
IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTION: Impact of human-relevant doses of endocrine-disrupting chemical and drug mixtures on testis development and function
Authors: Mohajer Nicole , Culty Martine 
Published: October 2024

In briefToxicological studies better resembling human exposures are needed to improve risk assessment. This review presents studies examining the impact of low-dose exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) mixtures, some combined with pharmaceuticals, on male reproduction in animal models and humans.AbstractExposure to EDCs and pharmaceuticals during development has been linked to reproductive dysfunction, reduced semen quality, and infertility. Research indicates that EDC mixtures, which are common in the modern environment, can pose significant risks that may not be fully assessed by studying individual compound toxicity, especially at environmentally relevant doses or concentrations. Understanding the contribution of chemical mixtures to male reproductive toxicity is crucial, given the increasing reliance on pharmaceuticals and pervasiveness of anthropogenic pollution. Recent studies on EDC effects have expanded to a more diverse range of microplastics, pesticides, antimicrobials, phytoestrogens, and pharmaceuticals, such as analgesics, which can collectively impact testicular function and fertility. Adverse outcomes observed across studies include reproductive tract malformations, decreased sperm count and motility, lowered testosterone, delayed-onset puberty, and possible causal effects, such as oxidative stress and altered gene expression. Still, limited data exist on combinations of environmental pollutants and pharmaceuticals with ED potential at human-relevant doses. This review of the recent literature aims to synthesize the toxicological impact of low-dose chemical mixtures on male reproductive health. Overall, humans are exposed to EDCs and drugs through various ways, necessitating an understanding of their concomitant effects on male reproductive health.
Influence of the season on the main components of cow milk in Ukraine
Authors: Zazharska N. V. , Biben І. A. , Zazharska N. M. 
Published: October 2024

The quality of dairy products depends on the safety and quality of raw materials, therefore, the analysis of physicochemical and sanitary indicators of raw cow milk is of great importance. The composition of bulk milk of three technological groups of cows: early lactation (5–60 days in milk), primiparous cows and all other cows starting from the second lactation was studied according to seasons. Regardless of the group of animals, the fat content in bulk milk was significantly lower in summer than in other seasons of the year, and the highest in winter. In each group of animals, the lowest somatic cell count was observed in the fall, while the highest indicator of the study of bulk milk of cows in early lactation and primiparous was determined in the winter, and in the spring of cows from the second lactation. The lowest milk urea content in all groups of animals was noted in summer. The lowest protein level was observed in autumn (3.27 ± 0.11%), and the highest in winter (3.39 ± 0.11%) in the bulk milk of cows in early lactation. The ratio of fat to protein in summer 1.12 ± 0.03 was significantly lower compared to other seasons of the year. The highest level of somatic cells was recorded in this group in winter (290 ± 82 * 103 cells/mL), which was twice as much as in autumn (141 ± 54 * 103 cells/mL), and by 56.8% more than in summer (185 ± 39 * 103 cells/mL). The milk urea content in the summer was 194.0 ± 17.6 mg/kg, which is significantly lower than the indicators in other seasons of the year in the group of early lactation. In the summer period, the lowest protein content (3.23 ± 0.06%) in the bulk milk of primiparous cows was observed compared to other seasons of the year. The winter was characterized by the highest level of somatic cell count in milk (221 ± 49 * 103 cells/mL), which was almost twice as high as the autumn period (116 ± 31 * 103 cells/mL). The highest urea content in the milk of primiparous cows was found in autumn (228.6 ± 21.9 mg/kg), which exceeded the summer figure by 14.5%. The lowest protein content (3.29 ± 0.06%) and the highest in winter (3.44 ± 0.09%) was observed in the bulk milk of cows of the second lactation and older. The somatic cell count in milk in autumn (160 ± 69 * 103 cells/mL) was lower than the winter and spring indicators by 37.5% and 49.3%, respectively. The milk urea content in the summer (198 ± 22 mg/kg) was significantly lower than the autumn and winter indicators. In further studies, to improve the sanitary quality of milk, it is planned to use different hygienic means for processing the udder of cows depending on the season.
Microbiome of craft hard cheeses from raw goat milk during ripening
Authors: Sadvari V. Y. , Shevchenko L. V. , Slobodyanyuk N. M. , Tupitska O. M. , Gruntkovskyi M. S. , Furman S. V. 
Published: October 2024

The production of craft cheeses from goat milk in small farms in Ukraine is becoming increasingly widespread. The uniqueness of goat cheeses made from raw milk is attributed to the significant diversity of microbiological processes that occur during their ripening, involving natural strains of bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and cheese mites. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the microbial composition of Caciotta and Canestrato goat cheeses during their ripening process. The number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (MAFAM) in Caciotta cheese was stable on the 10th day, the 1st, and the 12th month, and decreased by 1.18–1.27 lg CFU/g by the 24th month of ripening. The number of mold fungi and yeasts in Caciotta cheese peaked in the 1st month but they were not detected in the 12th and 24th months of ripening. Lactic acid bacteria in Caciotta cheese formed the basis of MAFAM and were represented by Lactobacillus plantarum on the 10th day and the 1st month of ripening, Lactobacillus brevis and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides in the 12th month, and L. brevis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides in the 24th month. In 24-month-ripened Caciotta cheese, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter ludwigii, E. durans, E. faecalis, and E. hirae were detected. Lactic acid bacteria in Canestrato cheese formed the basis of MAFAM and were represented by L. mesenteroides from the 10th day to the 3rd month of age, L. pseudomesenteroides in the 6th month, and L. plantarum in the 12th month. Canestrato cheese was characterized by a significant presence of mold fungi and yeasts in all ripening periods except for the 6th month. In 12-month-ripened Canestrato cheese, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus durans, E. hirae, and E. faecalis were isolated. Cheese mites, Acarus siro, in various stages of development were found in the rind of both cheeses starting from the 6th month of ripening. The results of the researchers provide new data on the microbiome of craft hard cheeses made from raw goat milk and can be used to develop methods for controlling the population size of A. siro mites during their ripening.
Biotyping and genotyping of seven strains of Cutibacterium acnes
Authors: Mahmood S. A. , Mohammad G. A. 
Published: October 2024

Bacterial typing is the process of distinguishing between different strains, it is essential for epidemiology, identifying source of infection and guiding treatment. This study aimed to detect the biotypes and genotypes for seven strains of Cutibacterium acnes obtained from the University of Mosul, already isolated from individuals with acne vulgaris in Mosul city (Iraq) and diagnosed by the molecular method based on 16S rRNA gene. Accuracy in biotyping depended on which type of the sugar (ribose, erythritol and sorbitol) was consumed by C. acnes, each sugar was placed separately in culture media with 1% concentration in the presence of phenol red to detect sugar fermentation. The C. acnes isolates were cultured anaerobically for 3 days at 37 ºC. The results showed that four biotypes (I, III, IV and V) emerged in our isolates indicated by the change in color of the medium from orange to yellow depending on the fermentable sugar. The distribution percentage of bacteria among these biotype was dominated by the V biotype (42.8%), while the III biotype was percentage (28.6%) and the I and IV biotypes each took up a lesser percentage (14.3%). It is worth mentioning that the II biotype didn’t appear at all in any of the isolates. For genotype, it was based on genes (16s rRNA, ATPase, atpD, Toxin Fic family, recA, and soda), DNA was extracted and special primers were used, then they were amplified by PCR technique, after electrophoresis, the resulting bands showed that the seven isolates of C. acnes were distributed into two genotypes only. One of them is I A2 which the isolate CS6 belonged to, another genotype is a new one- it is worth noting that it is prevalent in six isolates out of seven, and contains (16s rRNA, ATPase, atpD, recA, and sodA) genes, and because it is a new genotype that was unique to our isolates in this study, we called it IV genotype. The conclusion of this study is that the biotyping and genotyping of C. acnes differed from other typing in another countries, therefore, caution should be exercised in using the appropriate treatment depending on the prevailing condition in the country and not adhering to what is known theoretically regarding the causes of infections.
Factors associated with carotid artery calcification in the general working-age population
Authors: Kaveshnikov V. S. , Trubacheva I. A. , Kuzmichkina M. A. , Vaizov V. Kh. 
Published: October 2024

Aim. To study factors associated with carotid artery calcification as an atherosclerotic marker in the general working-age population.Material and methods. The data of a representative ESSE-RF sample aged 25-64 years (n=1412) were studied. They underwent standard cardiology screening and assessment of carotid plaque (CP) characteristics using ultrasound. All respondents signed an informed consent to participate in the study. The association analysis included socio-demographic, anamnestic, laboratory, and ultrasound characteristics. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used.Results. The prevalence of detection of calcified CP (cCP) was 5,4% — 7,8% in men and 3,7% in women (odds ratio (OR)=2,2; p=0,001). The probability of cCP detection was associated with following factors: male sex (OR=3,9; p<0,001), age (OR=1,2; p<0,001), total cholesterol (women, OR=1,7; p=0,001), history of thyrotoxicosis (OR=2,1; p=0,034), osteoporosis (OR=2,6; p=0,009), and smoking (OR=1,8; p=0,046). The odds that the detected plaque would be calcified were higher in individuals in the 4th quartile of mean plaque size distribution (OR=3,8; p<0,001) and in the presence of the following factors: male sex (OR=1,9; p=0,031), age ≥55 years (OR=4,3; p<0,001), osteoporosis (OR=3,2; p=0,007), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level ≥1,3 mmol/l (OR=2,0; p=0,025).Conclusion. The obtained data indicate an association of carotid calcification with both traditional cardiovascular risk factors and systemic diseases associated with impaired calcium and phosphorus metabolism (thyrotoxicosis, osteoporosis). The study results can be useful in practical healthcare, research, and developing preventive technologies.
The Role of Affective Labour in Expertise: Bringing Emotions Back into Expert Practices
Authors: Egher Claudia , Carboni Chiara , Wehrens Rik 
Published: October 2024

In recent years, a lot of scholarly attention has been devoted to how practices of digitalisation and datafication require medical professionals to work together with different stakeholders, and to how such collaborations shape expertise (Stevens, Wehrens, and de Bont 2020; Carboni et al. 2024). STS scholars have generally approached expertise as an epistemic and social endeavor, but they have tended to neglect the role affects and emotions play in its development and performance. In this paper, we provide a theoretical reflection on the relation between affective labour and expertise building upon Egher’s (2023) conceptualisation of expertise as a practical achievement realised through coordination and affective labour. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in various medical settings, including digital pathology, psychiatry, and datafication in intensive care, we explore what types of affective labour are conducted in digital healthcare, by whom, and with what consequences. We show how affective labour mediates both epistemic and relational practices. We argue that different affects and emotions are mobilised in these practices, which impacts the development and effective performance of expertise.
Atitudes sobre Treinamento à Distância: Consistência da E-ATAD e Análise de Comportamentos Receptivos, Favoráveis e de Resistência
Authors: Martins Natália Gabriela de Macedo , Costa Silas Dias Mendes , Viveiros Isabella da Silva 
Published: October 2024

O artigo visa analisar a consistência interna da Escala de Atitudes Sobre Treinamento à Distância (E-ATAD) e os comportamentos receptivos, favoráveis e de resistência a esta modalidade tendo como participantes estudantes universitários de uma Instituição do Ensino Superior de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, realizou-se uma coleta de dados por meio da aplicação E-ATAD, validada por Pompeu et al. (2015), contabilizando 120 participantes. As análises foram feitas com o auxílio do software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Os resultados revelam uma estrutura unifatorial para a escala de medida com índices psicométricos superiores aos obtidos no estudo de validação utilizado com referência. A maioria dos participantes (52,5%) possui atitude medianamente favorável aos treinamentos à distância, podendo percebê-los como positivos ou benéficos, enquanto 18,3% apresentam resistência a esta modalidade e 29,2% uma atitude receptiva. Essas atitudes podem ser justificadas por alguns fatores como a falta de domínio, ou até mesmo aptidão às ferramentas e uso das tecnologias, falta de interação direta entre os envolvidos, e, no caso de alguns cursos, a falta de desenvolvimento de habilidades práticas. Para a parcela de participantes que possuem uma atitude receptiva aos treinamentos à distância, subentende-se que esses detêm maior facilidade com as tecnologias e entendimento acerca dos benefícios que essa modalidade possibilita.

Palavras-chave: E-ATAD. Treinamento. EaD. Estrutura fatorial.
Signal Transduction of Fucoxanthin Nanoparticles as Anti-Oxidative Stress and Anti-Inflammatory Protecting Aortic Damage in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Wardani Giftania , Kurnijasanti Rochmah , Mustafa Mohammad Rais , Hori Masatoshi , Sudjarwo Sri Agus 
Published: October 2024

The anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects of natural products can prevent diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and blood vessel damage. Fucoxanthin has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This research aimed to examine the preventative effects of fucoxanthin nanoparticles against aortic damage in diabetic rats. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was utilized to identify the size of fucoxanthin nanoparticles. The experiment consisted of five groups (n=8) namely: Rats only received Streptozotocin (STZ) solvent and fucoxanthin nanoparticles solvent as a control group; Rats only received STZ and solvent of fucoxanthin nanoparticles solvent as the diabetic group; and Rats received STZ and fucoxanthine nanoparticles at a dose of 75, 150 and 300 mg/Kg BW as fucoxanthin nanoparticle group. The fucoxanthin nanoparticle sizes were 217.2 ± 42.8 nm in DLS. The dose-dependent administration of fucoxanthin nanoparticles elevated significant superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nitric oxide (NO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and insulin. However, blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and endothelial cell necrosis decreased compared to those in the streptozotocin group. Our findings suggest that fucoxanthin nanoparticles decrease malondialdehyde levels and increase superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels to inhibit oxidative stress, consequently preventing diabetes-induced aortic damage. Furthermore, fucoxanthin nanoparticles also may inhibit inflammation by reducing IL-6 and TNF-α levels. These mechanisms reduce endothelial cell necrosis, which can increase the expression of eNOS and NO levels in the aorta of diabetic rats.