bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel approaches for Spatial and Molecular Surveillance of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSv) in the United States
Authors: Alkhamis Moh A. , Arruda Andreia G. , Morrison Robert B. , Perez Andres M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe US swine industry has been impaired over the last 25 years by the far-reaching financial losses caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Here, we explored the relations between the spatial risk of PRRS outbreaks and its phylodynamic history in the U.S during 1998–2016 using ORF5 sequences collected from swine farms in the Midwest region. We used maximum entropy and Bayesian phylodynamic models to generate risk maps for PRRS outbreaks and reconstructed the evolutionary history of three selected phylogenetic clades (A, B and C). High-risk areas for PRRS were best-predicted by pig density and climate seasonality and included Minnesota, Iowa and South Dakota. Phylodynamic models demonstrated that the geographical spread of the three clades followed a heterogeneous spatial diffusion process. Furthermore, PRRS viruses were characterized by typical seasonality in their population size. However, endemic strains were characterized by a substantially slower population growth and evolutionary rates, as well as smaller spatial dispersal rates when compared to emerging strains. We demonstrated the prospects of combining inferences derived from two unique analytical methods to inform decisions related to risk-based interventions of an important pathogen affecting one of the largest food animal industries in the world.
Alcohol Recognition by Flexible, Transparent and Highly Sensitive Graphene-Based Thin-Film Sensors
Authors: Xu Xuezhu , Zhou Jian , Xin Yangyang , Lubineau Gilles , Ma Qian , Jiang Long 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChemical sensors detect a variety of chemicals across numerous fields, such as automobile, aerospace, safety, indoor air quality, environmental control, food, industrial production and medicine. We successfully assemble an alcohol-sensing device comprising a thin-film sensor made of graphene nanosheets (GNs) and bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNs). We show that the GN/BCN sensor has a high selectivity to ethanol by distinguishing liquid–phase or vapor–phase ethanol (C2H6O) from water (H2O) intelligently with accurate transformation into electrical signals in devices. The BCN component of the film amplifies the ethanol sensitivity of the film, whereby the GN/BCN sensor has 12400% sensitivity for vapor-phase ethanol compared to the pure GN sensor, which has only 21% sensitivity. Finally, GN/BCN sensors demonstrate fast response/recovery times and a wide range of alcohol detection (10–100%). The superior sensing ability of GN/BCN compared to GNs alone is due to the improved wettability of BCNs and the ionization of liquids. We prove a facile, green, low-cost route for the assembly of ethanol-sensing devices with potential for vast application.
Ultra-broadband enhancement of nonlinear optical processes from randomly patterned super absorbing metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Nan , Ji Ziheng , Cheney Alec R. , Song Haomin , Ji Dengxin , Zeng Xie , Chen Borui , Zhang Tianmu , Cartwright Alexander N. , Shi Kebin , Gan Qiaoqiang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBroadband light trapping and field localization is highly desired in enhanced light-matter interaction, especially in harmonic generations. However, due to the limited resonant bandwidth, most periodic plasmonic nanostructures cannot cover both fundamental excitation wavelength and harmonic generation wavelength simultaneously. Therefore, most previously reported plasmonic nonlinear optical processes are low in conversion efficiency. Here, we report a strong enhancement of second harmonic generation based on a three-layered super absorbing metasurface structure consisting of a dielectric spacer layer sandwiched by an array of random metallic nanoantennas and a metal ground plate. Intriguingly, the strong light trapping band (e.g. >80%) was realized throughout the entire visible to near-infrared spectral regime (i.e., from 435 nm to 1100 nm), enabling plasmonically enhanced surface harmonic generation and frequency mixing across a broad range of excitation wavelengths, which cannot be achieved with narrow band periodic plasmonic structures. By introducing hybrid random antenna arrays with small metallic nanoparticles and ultra-thin nonlinear optical films (e.g. TiO2) into the nanogaps, the nonlinear optical process can be further enhanced. This broadband light-trapping metastructure shows its potential as a building block for emerging nonlinear optical meta-atoms.
Wall-thickness-dependent strength of nanotubular ZnO
Authors: Kang Na-Ri , Kim Young-Cheon , Jeon Hansol , Kim Seong Keun , Jang Jae-il , Han Heung Nam , Kim Ju-Young 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe fabricate nanotubular ZnO with wall thickness of 45, 92, 123 nm using nanoporous gold (np-Au) with ligament diameter at necks of 1.43 μm as sacrificial template. Through micro-tensile and micro-compressive testing of nanotubular ZnO structures, we find that the exponent m in $$\bar{\sigma }\propto {\bar{\rho }}^{m}$$

σ
¯

∝

ρ
¯

m

, where $$\bar{\sigma }$$

σ
¯

is the relative strength and $$\bar{\rho }$$

ρ
¯

is the relative density, for tension is 1.09 and for compression is 0.63. Both exponents are lower than the value of 1.5 in the Gibson-Ashby model that describes the relation between relative strength and relative density where the strength of constituent material is independent of external size, which indicates that strength of constituent ZnO increases as wall thickness decreases. We find, based on hole-nanoindentation and glazing incidence X-ray diffraction, that this wall-thickness-dependent strength of nanotubular ZnO is not caused by strengthening of constituent ZnO by size reduction at the nanoscale. Finite element analysis suggests that the wall-thickness-dependent strength of nanotubular ZnO originates from nanotubular structures formed on ligaments of np-Au.
DACH1 suppresses breast cancer as a negative regulator of CD44
Authors: Xu Hanxiao , Yu Shengnan , Yuan Xun , Xiong Jing , Kuang Dong , Pestell Richard G. , Wu Kongming 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDachshund homolog 1 (DACH1), a key cell fate determination factor, contributes to tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis of human breast neoplasm. However, the exact molecular mechanisms for the anti-tumor roles of DACH1 in breast carcinoma are still lack of extensive understanding. Herein, we utilized immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and public microarray data analysis showing that DACH1 was higher in normal breast, low-grade and luminal-type cancer in comparison with breast carcinoma, high-grade and basal-like tumors respectively. Additionally, both correlation analysis of public databases of human breast carcinoma and IHC analysis of mice xenograft tumors demonstrated that DACH1 inversely related to cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducers and basal-enriched molecules, while cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) behaved in an opposite manner. Furthermore, mice transplanted tumor model indicated that breast cancer cells Met-1 with up-regulation of DACH1 were endowed with remarkably reduced potential of tumorigenesis. Importantly, meta-analysis of 19 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases of breast cancer implicated that patients with higher DACH1 expression had prolonged time to death, recurrence and metastasis, while CD44 was a promising biomarker predicting worse overall survival (OS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS). Collectively, our study indicated that CD44 might be a novel target of DACH1 in breast carcinoma.
Mmm-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins activate IL-1β production through the NF-κB pathway via TLR2, MyD88, and IRAK4
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Qi , Li Yuan , Chen Ying , Shao Jiari , Nick Nwankpa , Li Chunyan , Xin Jiuqing 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMycoplasma mycoides subsp.mycoides (Mmm) is a pathogen that causes pneumonia, otitis media, and arthritis in young calves. Its pathogenesis is attributed in part to excessive immune responses. Mmm-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) are potent inducers of the host innate immune system; however, interactions between Mmm-derived LAMPs as pathogenic agents, toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the signaling pathways responsible for activating inflammation and nuclear factor (NF)-κB have not been fully elucidated. Here, we analyzed the expression kinetics of interleukin (IL)-1β in Mmm-derived LAMP-stimulated embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells and found that Mmm-derived LAMPs induced IL-1β expression. Subcellular localization analysis revealed the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit after EBL cells were stimulated with Mmm-derived LAMPs. Furthermore, a specific inhibitor assay demonstrated that NF-κB is required for Mmm-derived LAMP-induced IL-1β expression. Additionally, overexpression of TLR2, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) increased IL-1β expression during LAMP stimulation, and TLR2-neutralizing antibodies reduced IL-1β expression in EBL cells during LAMP stimulation. Furthermore, LAMPs inhibited IL-1β expression following transfection with dominant-negative MyD88 and IRAK4 variants. These results suggested that Mmm-derived LAMPs activate IL-1β production through the NF-κB pathway via TLR2, MyD88, and IRAK4.
Time evolution of the spectral break in the high-energy extra component of GRB 090926A
Authors: Yassine M. , Piron F. , Mochkovitch R. , Daigne F. 
Published: June 2017

Aims.The prompt light curve of the long GRB 090926A reveals a short pulse ~10 s after the beginning of the burst emission, which has been observed by theFermiobservatory from the keV to the GeV energy domain. During this bright spike, the high-energy emission from GRB 090926A underwent a sudden hardening above 10 MeV in the form of an additional power-law component exhibiting a spectral attenuation at a few hundreds of MeV. This high-energy break has been previously interpreted in terms of gamma-ray opacity to pair creation and has been used to estimate the bulk Lorentz factor of the outflow. In this article, we report on a new time-resolved analysis of the GRB 090926A broadband spectrum during its prompt phase and on its interpretation in the framework of prompt emission models.Methods.We characterized the emission from GRB 090926A at the highest energies with Pass 8 data from theFermiLarge Area Telescope (LAT), which offer a greater sensitivity than any data set used in previous studies of this burst, particularly in the 30−100 MeV energy band. Then, we combined the LAT data with theFermiGamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) in joint spectral fits to characterize the time evolution of the broadband spectrum from keV to GeV energies. We paid careful attention to the systematic effects that arise from the uncertainties on the LAT response. Finally, we performed a temporal analysis of the light curves and we computed the variability timescales from keV to GeV energies during and after the bright spike.Results.Our analysis confirms and better constrains the spectral break, which has been previously reported during the bright spike. Furthermore, it reveals that the spectral attenuation persists at later times with an increase of the break characteristic energy up to the GeV domain until the end of the prompt phase. We discuss these results in terms of keV−MeV synchroton radiation of electrons accelerated during the dissipation of the jet energy and inverse Compton emission at higher energies. We interpret the high-energy spectral break as caused by photon opacity to pair creation. Requiring that all emissions are produced above the photosphere of GRB 090926A, we compute the bulk Lorentz factor of the outflow, Γ. The latter decreases from 230 during the spike to 100 at the end of the prompt emission. Assuming, instead, that the spectral break reflects the natural curvature of the inverse Compton spectrum, lower limits corresponding to larger values of Γ are also derived. Combined with the extreme temporal variability of GRB 090926A, these Lorentz factors lead to emission radiiR~ 1014cm, which are consistent with an internal origin of both the keV−MeV and GeV prompt emissions.
Geomorphic study of seismically active areas using remote sensing data. Case of the Gorny Altai (Siberia) affected by the 2003 Altai earthquake
Authors: Deroin Jean-Paul , Buslov Mikhail M. 
Published: June 2017

This paper shows that a multitemporal, multiscale, and multisource remote sensing dataset represents an efficient tool for studying morphotectonics in seismically active areas, with an application in Siberia. The focus is placed on the use of high resolution imagery including Corona, Orbview 3, Ikonos 2 (available on Google Earth), and Landsat images combined with four different digital elevation models (DEMs) built using various satellite data. DEMs are the version 2 SRTM 3 arc-second and version 3 SRTM 1 arc-second released by USGS, the X-SAR DEM, and the version 2 Aster GDEM.In the specific case of the Gorny Altai, the remote sensing dataset composed of DEMs and satellite images provide relevant evidence of the geomorphological consequences of the 2003 Altai earthquake characterized by large landslides, block tilting, and ground-cracks. Ikonos imagery reveals the en-échelon faults compatible with a dextral strike-skip faulting. Archive satellite data allow us detecting new faults generated by the earthquake, but also the pre-existing fault network, with a specific emphasis on the use of Corona archive from the 1960’s. The best global DEMs (SRTM 1 arc-second and Aster GDEM) are well-correlated. Generally, the Aster GDEM presents a lower horizontal accuracy than the SRTM DEM, whereas the vertical accuracy is relatively similar. In the case of the largest landslide induced by the 2003 Altai earthquake (about 1 km2), the comparison of the pre-seismic topographic profile obtained by SRTM and the post-seismic topographic profile obtained by Aster GDEM is of great interest. Following the landslide episode, it allows us defining a zone of depletion and a zone of accumulation. The limit between the hard Palaeozoic rocks (sandstone, etc.) and the loose Quaternary sediments appears clearly as a zone of weakness. Before the 2003 earthquake, a round track was already detected in the Corona images, corresponding either to an old landslide or a precursor stage of the major landslide.More generally, the dextral strike-slip faulting is accompanied by the uplift of the northeastern segment, close to the Chagan Uzun block. In the Kuskunnur-Taltura-Chagan river area, this uplift is revealed by the abnormal elevation of the Kuskunnur river compared to the elevation of the Taltura river. The present geomorphological study is a complement to dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating of earthquake triggered landslides, rockfalls and seismically cut fossil soils.
Fühlen sich Chirurgen gerüstet für die komplexen Fragestellungen im Umgang mit multiresistenten Erregern? – Ergebnisse der Fragebogenstudie MR2
Authors: May Matthias , Spachmann Philipp , Lebentrau Steffen , Schumacher Harald , Gilfrich Christian , Fritsche Hans-Martin , Vetterlein Malte , Brookman-May Sabine , Schostak Martin , Wagenlehner Florian , Burger Maximilian , Novotny Alexander , Obermaier Robert 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Es liegen derzeit keine Untersuchungen darüber vor, welchen Kenntnisstand Chirurgen im Vergleich mit Nichtchirurgen über multiresistente Erreger (MRE) und den rationalen Einsatz von Antibiotika haben (Antibiotic Stewardship/ABS).
Methode Im Rahmen der MR2-Studie (Multiinstitutional Reconnaissance of practice with MultiResistant bacteria – a survey focussing on German hospitals) wurde ein Fragebogen mit 4 + 35 Punkten in 18 deutschen Krankenhäusern an Urologen, Internisten, Gynäkologen und Chirurgen verteilt. Mit multivariaten logistischen Regressionsmodellen wurde der Einfluss der Fachrichtung auf verschiedene prädeterminierte Endpunkte geprüft.
Ergebnisse Es konnten 456 auswertbare Fragebögen analysiert werden, wobei sich die Rücklaufquote bei Chirurgen (156/330, 47%) und Nichtchirurgen (300/731, 41%) nur insignifikant unterschied (p = 0,061). Chirurgen gaben in der Selbsteinschätzung im Vergleich mit Nichtchirurgen eine signifikant geringere Sicherheit bei der korrekten Wahl von Dosierung, Frequenz und Dauer der Antibiotikagabe (p = 0,005), der Entscheidung einer intravenösen vs. oralen Antibiotikaverordnung (p = 0,005) sowie der korrekten Interpretation der mikrobiologischen Befunde (p = 0,023) an. Sowohl Chirurgen als auch Nichtchirurgen schätzten ihr Wissen zu ABS als gering ein. Die Kenntnis der lokalen E.-coli-Resistenz gegen Ciprofloxacin unterschied sich zwischen Chirurgen und Nichtchirurgen nur insignifikant (27,6 vs. 35,3% waren in der richtigen Kategorie; p = 0,114), wobei 64% der Chirurgen diese lokalen Resistenzen unterschätzten. Beide Gruppen sahen in dem häufigen Einsatz von Breitspektrumantibiotika ein wesentliches Problem, das für die Zunahme von MRE verantwortlich ist. Andererseits wurde das gewählte Fallbeispiel einer stark symptomatischen Patientin mit unkomplizierter Harnwegsinfektion von beiden Gruppen ähnlich häufig mit einem Breitspektrumantibiotikum behandelt (34,0 vs. 29,3%; p = 0,331). Gemäß der multivariaten Modelle besuchten Chirurgen im Vergleich zu Nichtchirurgen in den letzten 12 Monaten nicht häufiger eine Weiterbildungsveranstaltung zum Thema der MRE/ABS und gaben auch keine bessere Qualität ihrer Klinikepikrisen hinsichtlich der exakten Auflistung von MRE an.
Schlussfolgerungen Es sollten in den Kliniken obligat ABS-Programme implementiert werden, die u. a. eine regelmäßige Fortbildung der Kollegen unabhängig von ihrer Fachrichtungen vorsehen.
Deutsches Thoraxregister – Implementierung eines etablierten Werkzeugs der perioperativen Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Defosse Jérôme , Schieren Mark , Loop Torsten , Arndt Cerstin , Röhrig Rainer , Stoelben Erich , Ludwig Corinna , Schleppers Alexander , Wappler Frank , Gerbershagen Mark , Lopez-Pastorini Alberto 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Erhebung klinischer Behandlungsdaten in Registerdatenbanken hat seit Jahren einen hohen Stellenwert in der Versorgungsforschung. Hierdurch kann bspw. eine kritische Prüfung der Sicherheit, Wirksamkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit klinischer Behandlungskonzepte an großen Untersuchungskollektiven erfolgen. Die erhobenen Erkenntnisse aus der Registerforschung entsprechen der tatsächlichen Patientenklientel und dem Versorgungsalltag der teilnehmenden Kliniken. Sie sind nicht durch strenge Einschlusskriterien oder realitätsferne Rahmenbedingungen klinischer prospektiver Studien beschränkt. Durch die Implementierung des Deutschen Thoraxregisters wurde erstmalig die Möglichkeit geschaffen, die interdisziplinäre Betreuung (Thoraxchirurgie, Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Schmerztherapie) von Patienten mit operativen Eingriffen am Thorax ganzheitlich in einer Datenbank zu erfassen und auszuwerten. Unter der Schirmherrschaft der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin (DGAI) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (DGT) wurde ein ursprünglich rein thoraxchirurgisches Register des Klinikums der Universität Witten/Herdecke-Köln in enger Kooperation mit dem Universitätsklinikum Freiburg erweitert. Nach Ausarbeitung eines umfangreichen Datenschutzkonzepts und Abschluss der Pilotphase wurde das Deutsche Thoraxregister als erstes perioperatives, interdisziplinäres Behandlungsregister im Januar 2016 offiziell implementiert. Neben der reinen Registerforschung, profitieren die teilnehmenden Kliniken vor allem durch die „benchmarking“-Funktionen. Das „benchmarking“, also der Vergleich der Behandlungsqualität verschiedener Kliniken, erlaubt es, individuelle Profile, Stärken und Schwächen im nationalen Vergleich zu identifizieren und eigene Fortschritte über mehrere Jahre zu verfolgen. Das Eingabe- und Benchmarkportal ist jederzeit online verfügbar (www.thoraxregister.de). Seit Oktober 2016 wurde das Teilnehmerspektrum erweitert, sodass sämtliche Kliniken mit mindestens 50 thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen im Jahr teilnahmeberechtigt sind.
Editorial
Authors: Lock Guntram 
Published: June 2017

Dear colleagues,It is a pleasure to introduce you to the 2nd issue of UIO in 2017, demonstrating, again, the wide applications and promising developments in ultrasonography.The issue starts with a special editorial from Ioan Sporea from Romania, very well known for his scientific work on the clinical significance of elastography. Dr. Sporea outlines the central role of modern sonographic techniques for clinical decision making in modern hepatology. Together with the great advances in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis, ultrasonography with elastography and CEUS as a “one stop shopping” facility may give us all the information we need to proceed to treatment, thus superseding liver biopsy in many (though definitively not all) patients with liver disease.
Chirurgische Therapie von Pseudotumoren der Lunge
Authors: Sziklavari Zsolt , Droste Annete , Neu Reiner , Hofmann Hans-Stefan , Ried Michael 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der pulmonale Pseudotumor ist ein Sammelbegriff für diverse Subentitäten. Einige Subgruppen werden als intermediär maligne Tumoren betrachtet. Der Pseudotumor ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild, wobei eine Abschätzung der Inzidenz und der Prävalenz nur schwer möglich ist.
Methode Retrospektive Analyse aller zwischen 2008 und 2015 chirurgisch therapierten Patienten mit der Diagnose eines Pseudotumors der Lunge. Primärer Endpunkt der Studie war die Darstellung der Rezidiv- bzw. Metastasierungsrate. Sekundäre Endpunkte waren die Nomenklatur, die Anamnese, die Therapieart und der perioperative Verlauf.
Ergebnisse Von 27 Patienten (63% männlich) mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 58 Jahren hatten 19 (70%) einen inflammatorischen Pseudotumor (IPT), 4 (15%) einen inflammatorisch-myofibroblastären Tumor (IMT) und jeweils 2 Patienten (7,5%) ein Pneumozytom bzw. Histiozytom. Eine präoperative pulmonale Infektion lag bei 12 (44%) Patienten vor. Die durchschnittliche Tumorgröße lag bei 2,1 cm (0,8 – 5,3 cm), die Lungenunterlappen waren mit 52% präferiert. Es wurden eine Enukleation, 20 atypische und 6 anatomische Resektionen durchgeführt. Dies erfolgte in 48% der Fälle (13/27) minimalinvasiv (VATS). Eine R0-Resektion lag bei 93% der Fälle (25/27) vor. Komplikationen traten bei 7 (26%) Patienten auf. Die Aufenthaltsdauer (Mittel 8 Tage) nach offener Resektion und VATS unterschied sich minimal (8,8 vs. 7,2 Tage). Das Follow-up lag bei 4 Jahren. In dieser Zeit entwickelte eine Patientin trotz R0-Resektion eines IMT ein Tumorrezidiv, an dem sie auch verstarb.
Schlussfolgerung Die Therapie der Wahl beim Pseudotumor ist die R0-Resektion, bevorzugt per VATS. Die meisten Pseudotumoren nehmen einen gutartigen Verlauf, wenngleich Rezidive in einem kleineren Teil (v. a. bei IMT) der Fälle möglich sind. Eine Nachbeobachtung ist bei IMT notwendig. Die Anwendung einer einheitlichen Nomenklatur und Klassifikation wäre sinnvoll.