bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual Internal Electron Transfer in Conjugated Radical Polymers
Authors: Li Fei , Gore Danielle N , Wang Shaoyang , Lutkenhaus Jodie L 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNitroxide‐containing organic radical polymers (ORPs) have captured attention for their high power and fast redox kinetics. Yet a major challenge is the polymer's aliphatic backbone, resulting in a low electronic conductivity. Recent attempts that replace the aliphatic backbone with a conjugated one have not met with success. The reason for this is not understood until now. We examine a family of polythiophenes bearing nitroxide radical groups, showing that while both species are electrochemically active, there exists an internal electron transfer mechanism that interferes with stabilization of the polymer's fully oxidized form. This finding directs the future design of conjugated radical polymers in energy storage and electronics, where careful attention to the redox potential of the backbone relative to the organic radical species is needed.
Heterocorrole Conformations: Little Saddling, Much Ruffling
Authors: Rösner Jörn , Cordes Birte , Bahnmüller Stefanie , Homolya Gabor , Sakow Dimitri , Schweyen Peter , Wicht Richard , Bröring Martin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract10‐Heterocorrole complexes with oxygen, sulfur, and selenium at position 10 of the macrocycle and with the divalent ions of nickel, copper, and palladium were prepared and investigated. The focus was set on the size adaptation and matching mechanisms of cavity size versus ionic radius in corrole‐type macrocycles. A full set of single‐crystal X‐ray analytical data revealed that in all but one case the N4 binding site of the ring‐contracted tetrapyrrole was larger than necessary to bind the metal ion without deformation. In‐plane size adaptation through M−N bond‐length elongation by 2.5–3.2 % was effective, as well as pronounced out‐of‐plane ruffling of the macrocycle for those compounds with a more severe size mismatch. Such ruffling had been excluded for corroles previously, but is apparently the most efficient mechanism to adapt to small central ions.
Selenium‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Free‐Radical Scavenging
Authors: Li Feng , Li Tianyu , Sun Chenxing , Xia Jiahao , Jiao Yang , Xu Huaping 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHeteroatom doping is an effective way to adjust the fluorescent properties of carbon quantum dots. However, selenium‐doped carbon dots have rarely been reported, even though selenium has unique chemical properties such as redox‐responsive properties owing to its special electronegativity. Herein, a facile and high‐output strategy to fabricate selenium‐doped carbon quantum dots (Se‐CQDs) with green fluorescence (quantum yield 7.6 %) is developed through the hydrothermal treatment of selenocystine under mild conditions. Selenium heteroatoms endow the Se‐CQDs with redox‐dependent reversible fluorescence. Furthermore, free radicals such as .OH can be effectively scavenged by the Se‐CQDs. Once Se‐CQDs are internalized into cells, harmful high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells are decreased. This property makes the Se‐CQDs capable of protecting biosystems from oxidative stress.
Associating and Dissociating Nanodimer Analysis for Quantifying Ultrasmall Amounts of DNA
Authors: Kim Keunsuk , Oh Jeong‐Wook , Lee Young Kwang , Son Jiwoong , Nam Jwa‐Min 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe amplification‐ and enzyme‐free quantification of DNA at ultralow concentrations, on the order of 10–1000 targets, is highly beneficial but extremely challenging. To address this challenge, true detection signals must be reliably discriminated from false or noise signals. Herein, we describe the development of associating and dissociating nanodimer analysis (ADNA) as a method that enables a maximum number of detection signals to be collected from true target‐binding events while keeping nonspecific signals at a minimum level. In the ADNA assay for ultralow target concentrations, Au nanoprobes on a lipid micropattern were monitored and analyzed in situ, and newly defined dissociating dimers, which are eventually decoupled into monomers again, were incorporated into the detection results. Tens to thousands of DNA copies can be reliably quantified with excellent single‐base‐mismatch differentiation capability by this non‐enzymatic, amplification‐free ADNA method.
Prevalence for delirium in stroke patients: A prospective controlled study
Authors: Nydahl Peter , Bartoszek Gabriele , Binder Andreas , Paschen Laura , Margraf Nils G. , Witt Karsten , Ewers Andre 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground and PurposeThis study investigates the prevalence of delirium in acute stroke patients on a primary stroke unit (SU) analyzing associated risk factors and clinical outcomes.MethodProspective, 4‐month observational study from 2015 to 2016 on patients aged ≥18 years with stroke at a German university hospital's SU. The presence of delirium as first outcome was rated at three times daily using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Secondary outcome measures were duration of delirium, rehabilitation in SU, length of stay in SU and hospital, complications, and mortality. Significant risk factors were used to conduct a confounder‐matched case–control analysis.Results309 patients were included. The overall prevalence of delirium was 10.7% (33 patients) mostly on the first and second hospital day. Duration of delirium on SU was in median 1.0 day (Interquartile range: 0.3–2 days). In 39.4% of patients delirium was present in a short time interval (≤8 hr) and in 24% of patients delirium was diagnosed during nightshifts exclusively. Significant risk factors for delirium were dementia, age ≥72 years, severe neurological disability on admission, and increased C‐reactive protein on admission. The case–control analysis showed that delirious patients had more complications and a trend toward a worse rehabilitation.ConclusionsThese results underline the importance of delirium screening in stroke patients specifically during the night. Since even short delirious episodes are associated with more complications and increased disability, future studies are needed to find delirium prevention strategies.
Short‐ and long‐term antidepressant effects of ketamine in a rat chronic unpredictable stress model
Authors: Jiang Yinghong , Wang Yiqiang , Sun Xiaoran , Lian Bo , Sun Hongwei , Wang Gang , Du Zhongde , Li Qi , Sun Lin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis research was aimed to evaluate the behaviors of short‐ or long‐term antidepressant effects of ketamine in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS).BackgroundKetamine, a glutamate noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, regulates excitatory amino acid functions, such as anxiety disorders and major depression, and plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory.MethodsAfter 42 days of CUS model, male rats received either a single injection of ketamine (10 mg/kg; day 43) or 15 daily injections (days 43–75). The influence of ketamine on behavioral reactivity was assessed 24 hr (short‐term) or 7 weeks after ketamine treatment (long‐term). Behavioral tests used to assess the effects of these treatments included the sucrose preference (SP), open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swimming (FS), and water maze (WM) to detect anxiety‐like behavior (OF and EPM), forced swimming (FS), and water maze (WM).Results: Short‐term ketamine administration resulted in increases of body weight gain, higher sensitivity to sucrose, augmented locomotor activity in the OF, more entries into the open arms of the EPM, along increased activity in the FS test; all responses indicative of reductions in depression/despair in anxiety‐eliciting situations. No significant differences in these behaviors were obtained under conditions of long‐term ketamine administration (p > .05). The CUS + Ketamine group showed significantly increased activity as compared with the CUS + Vehicle group for analysis of the long‐term effects of ketamine (*p < .05). Nor were significant differences obtained in learning and memory performance in rats receiving ketamine (p > .05).ConclusionTaken together these findings demonstrate that a short‐term administration of ketamine induced rapid antidepressant‐like effects in adult male rats exposed to CUS conditions, effects that were not observed in response to the long‐term treatment regime.
Cellulose‐based Materials for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater – An Overview
Authors: Jamshaid Anum , Hamid Almas , Muhammad Nawshad , Naseer Ayesha , Ghauri Moinuddin , Iqbal Jibran , Rafiq Sikander , Shah Noor Samad 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWater pollution due to increase in population and high rates of wastewater generation have become serious concerns since the last few decades. Heavy metals are amongst the main wastewater pollutants due to their ability to persist in the environment. Materials and techniques are being investigated for the treatment of heavy metals in wastewater. Cellulose is one of the materials gaining attention due to its excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Cellulose‐based materials are being widely studied for the adsorption of heavy metals. This overview highlights research efforts to enhance the role of cellulose in wastewater treatment through cellulose‐based materials. It also discusses the effects of cellulose modifications such as cellulose gels, cellulose composites, cellulose derivatives, functionalized cellulose, and nanocrystalline cellulose on the capacity of heavy metals adsorption.
Perioperative airway management of a 16‐year‐old boy with progressive airway obstruction due to juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors: Kamiyama Kei , Satomoto Maiko , Minami Kotaro , Baba Yukiko , Makita Koshi 
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical MessageJuvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) involves difficult anesthetic management because of the risk of massive bleeding, while airway management is rarely a problem in JNA. This report presents an unusual case of JNA causing airway obstruction.
Thermal Treatment Effects on Electrodeposited Sb2Se3 Photovoltaic Thin Films
Authors: Costa Magno Barcelos , de Souza Lucas Francisco Willian , Mascaro Lucia Helena 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAntimony selenide thin films were prepared through potentiostatic co‐electrodeposition by applying −0.6 V from a bath composed of 2.5 mM K(SbO)C4H4O6 ⋅ 0.5 H2O and 2.0 mM SeO2 in a supporting electrolyte of 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2SO4 at pH 2. The films were subjected to different thermal treatment (TT) conditions under a Se(vapor)/N2 atmosphere. Cyclic voltammetry was used to evaluate the electrochemical process of each element separately as well as the binary system on Pt and FTO working electrodes. The morphology, composition, band gap, crystallography, and photoactivity toward hydrogen gas production of the films were evaluated as a function of TT conditions, in order to obtain insight into their effects on film properties. Under all conditions, the films showed homogeneous and rough surfaces and a stoichiometric Sb2Se3 composition. The non‐thermal‐treated film was non‐crystalline, whereas after TT, all films showed a pure orthorhombic Sb2Se3 phase. It was observed that the crystallographic texturization of films in the (120) plane, caused by some TT conditions, is detrimental to the photoactivity. At the optimized TT conditions (300 °C for 3 h), the film presented good crystallographic and optoelectronic properties and photoactivity, with a photocurrent value of 168.15 μA cm−2 (at the standard hydrogen gas evolution potential) and a band gap of around 1.1 eV.
Latent Heat Storage: Storage Materials, Heat Transfer, and Applications
Authors: Ghaib Karim 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhasenwechselmaterialien (PCMs) können während des Phasenwechsels Wärme aufnehmen/abgeben. Sie werden aufgrund ihrer großen latenten Wärme und isothermen Natur häufig in Wärmespeichersystemen verwendet. Der vorliegende Beitrag verschafft einen Überblick über die verschiedenen anorganischen und organischen PCMs. Techniken zur Verbesserung ihrer thermophysikalischen Eigenschaften werden diskutiert, auf die Korrosion metallischer Konstruktionswerkstoffe durch anorganische PCMs wird eingegangen und typische Anwendungen für Latentwärmespeicher werden vorgestellt.
Using the NONCODE Database Resource
Authors: Xiyuan Li , Dechao Bu , Liang Sun , Yang Wu , Shuangsang Fang , Hui Li , Haitao Luo , Chunlong Luo , Wenzheng Fang , Runsheng Chen , Yi Zhao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNONCODE is a comprehensive database that aims to present the most complete collection and annotation of non‐coding RNAs, especially long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNA genes), and thus NONCODE is essential to modern biological and medical research. Scientists are producing a flood of new data from which new lncRNA genes and lncRNA‐disease relationships are continually being identified. NONCODE assimilates such information from a wide variety of sources including published articles, RNA‐seq data, micro‐array data and databases on genetic variation (dbSNP) and genome‐wide associations (GWAS). NONCODE organizes all this information and makes it freely available to the public via the Internet. The NONCODE protocol provides step‐by‐step instructions on how to browse and search lncRNA information such as sequence, expression, and disease relationships, how to use the tools for functional prediction, species conservation assays, blast analysis, identifier conversion, and, finally, how to submit sequences to identify lncRNA genes. As of Dec 2016, NONCODE has cataloged 487,851 lncRNA genes sequenced from 16 species. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Exploring Short Linear Motifs Using the ELM Database and Tools
Authors: Gouw Marc , Sámano‐Sánchez Hugo , Van Roey Kim , Diella Francesca , Gibson Toby J. , Dinkel Holger 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Eukaryotic Linear Motif (ELM) resource is dedicated to the characterization and prediction of short linear motifs (SLiMs). SLiMs are compact, degenerate peptide segments found in many proteins and essential to almost all cellular processes. However, despite their abundance, SLiMs remain largely uncharacterized. The ELM database is a collection of manually annotated SLiM instances curated from experimental literature. In this article we illustrate how to browse and search the database for curated SLiM data, and cover the different types of data integrated in the resource. We also cover how to use this resource in order to predict SLiMs in known as well as novel proteins, and how to interpret the results generated by the ELM prediction pipeline. The ELM database is a very rich resource, and in the following protocols we give helpful examples to demonstrate how this knowledge can be used to improve your own research. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SIGNOR: A Database of Causal Relationships Between Biological Entities—A Short Guide to Searching and Browsing
Authors: Lo Surdo Prisca , Calderone Alberto , Cesareni Gianni , Perfetto Livia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSIGNOR (http://signor.uniroma2.it), the SIGnaling Network Open Resource, is a database designed to store experimentally validated causal interactions, i.e., interactions where a source entity has a regulatory effect (up‐regulation, down‐regulation, etc.) on a second target entity. SIGNOR acts both as a source of signaling information and a support for data analysis, modeling, and prediction. A user‐friendly interface features the ability to search entries for any given protein or group of proteins and to display their interactions graphically in a network view. At the time of writing, SIGNOR stores approximately 16,000 manually curated interactions connecting more than 4,000 biological entities (proteins, chemicals, protein complexes, etc.) that play a role in signal transduction. SIGNOR also offers a collection of 37 signaling pathways. SIGNOR can be queried by three search tools: “single‐entity” search, “multiple‐entity” search, and “pathway” search. This manuscript describes two basic protocols detailing how to navigate and search the SIGNOR database and how to download the annotated dataset for local use. Finally, the support protocol reviews the utilities of the graphic visualizer. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Finding Similar Nucleotide Sequences Using Network BLAST Searches
Authors: Ladunga Istvan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) is the first tool in the annotation of nucleotide or amino acid sequences. BLAST is a flagship of bioinformatics due to its performance and user‐friendliness. Beginners and intermediate users will learn how to design and submit blastn and Megablast searches on the Web pages at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. We map nucleic acid sequences to genomes, find identical or similar mRNAs, expressed sequence tag, and noncoding RNA sequences, and run Megablast searches, which are much faster than blastn. Understanding results is assisted by taxonomy reports, genomic views, and multiple alignments. We interpret expected frequency thresholds, biological significance, and statistical significance. Weak hits provide no evidence, but indicate hints for further analyses. We find genes that may code for homologous proteins by translated BLAST. We reduce false positives by filtering out low‐complexity regions. Parsed BLAST results can be integrated into analysis pipelines. Links in the output connect to Entrez and PubMed, as well as structural, sequence, interaction, and expression databases. This facilitates integration with a wide spectrum of biological knowledge. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measuring Cancer Drug Sensitivity and Resistance in Cultured Cells
Authors: Niepel Mario , Hafner Marc , Chung Mirra , Sorger Peter K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMeasuring the potencies of small‐molecule drugs in cell lines is a critical aspect of preclinical pharmacology. Such experiments are also prototypical of high‐throughput experiments in multi‐well plates. The procedure is simple in principle, but many unrecognized factors can affect the results, potentially making data unreliable. The procedures for measuring drug response described here were developed by the NIH LINCS program to improve reproducibility. Key features include maximizing uniform cell growth during the assay period, accounting for the effects of cell density on response, and correcting sensitivity measures for differences in proliferation rates. Two related protocols are described: one involves an endpoint measure well‐suited to large‐scale studies and the second is a time‐dependent measurement that reveals changes in response over time. The methods can be adapted to other types of plate‐based experiments. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Design of Iron(II) Phthalocyanine‐Derived Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for High‐Power‐Density Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Santoro Carlo , Gokhale Rohan , Mecheri Barbara , D'Epifanio Alessandra , Licoccia Silvia , Serov Alexey , Artyushkova Kateryna , Atanassov Plamen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) deposited onto two different carbonaceous supports was synthesized through an unconventional pyrolysis‐free method. The obtained materials were studied in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in neutral media through incorporation in an air‐breathing cathode structure and tested in an operating microbial fuel cell (MFC) configuration. Rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) analysis revealed high performances of the Fe‐based catalysts compared with that of activated carbon (AC). The FePc supported on Black‐Pearl carbon black [Fe‐BP(N)] exhibits the highest performance in terms of its more positive onset potential, positive shift of the half‐wave potential, and higher limiting current as well as the highest power density in the operating MFC of (243±7) μW cm−2, which was 33 % higher than that of FePc supported on nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (Fe‐CNT(N); 182±5 μW cm−2). The power density generated by Fe‐BP(N) was 92 % higher than that of the MFC utilizing AC; therefore, the utilization of platinum group metal‐free catalysts can boost the performances of MFCs significantly.
A family of diffusion normalized subband adaptive filter algorithms over distributed networks
Authors: Shams Esfand Abadi Mohammad , Shafiee Mohammad Saeed 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis paper solves the problem of distributed estimation in the diffusion networks based on the family of normalized subband adaptive filters (NSAFs). The diffusion NSAF (DNSAF), the diffusion selective partial update NSAF (DSPU‐NSAF), the diffusion fix selection NSAF (DFS‐NSAF), and the diffusion dynamic selection NSAF (DDS‐NSAF) are established based on the general formalism. In DSPU‐NSAF, the weight coefficients are partially updated rather than the entire weights at each node during the adaptation. The DFS‐NSAF selects a subset of subbands and uses them to update the weights. The dynamic selection of subbands is performed in DDS‐NSAF at each node during the weigh coefficients update. In comparison with DNSAF, the DSPU‐NSAF, the DFS‐NSAF, and the DDS‐NSAF have lower computational complexity while the convergence speed of them is close to the DNSAF. Also, by combination of SPU with FS and DS approaches, the DSPU‐FS‐NSAF and the DSPU‐DS‐NSAF are established, which are computationally efficient. In the following, based on the spatial‐temporal energy conservation relation, a unified framework for mean‐square performance analysis of the family of DNSAF algorithms in stationary and nonstationary environments is presented, and the theoretical expressions for learning curve and steady‐state error are derived for entire network. The validity of the theoretical results and the good performance of introduced algorithms are demonstrated by several computer simulations.
Investigations into the improvement of the weather protection of unburnt brick masonry, part 2
Authors: Braun Jörg 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn June 2006, the Chair of Structural Design at the Technical University of Dresden was commissioned by the Iranian cultural authority ICHHTO and the UNESCO to perform structural design services for the earthquake‐resistant repair and rebuilding of the Sistani House in the historic citadel Arg‐e‐Bam in the south of Iran. The citadel was until its almost complete destruction by an earthquake on 26 Dezember 2003 the largest building of unburnt brick masonry in the world and is listed as a World heritage Site by UNESCO because of its cultural and historical significance. Surveying and documentation work, archaeological rubble clearance and the rebuilding of the Sistani House after its destruction by the earthquake have taken the team from the department to Bam at regular intervals since 2006. In the course of the work, it became apparent that research was needed in the field of the repair of earthquake‐damaged unburnt brick masonry and into the improvement of the shear strength/earthquake resistance and the weather protection of unburnt brick masonry.The article is subdivided in Part 1, Introduction, test performance and assessment of results for additives to loam render [14] as well as Part 2, Assessment of the results for surface treatment to unburnt bricks and the climatic chamber tests.