bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestational age and Models for predicting Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Murphy Aisling , Gornbein Jeffrey , Yin Ophelia , Koos Brian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is generally identified by measuring abnormal maternal glycemic responses to an oral glucose load in late pregnancy (> 0.6 term). However, our preliminary study suggests that GDM could be identified with a high predictive accuracy (96%) in the first trimester (< 0.35 term) by characteristic changes in the metabolite profile of maternal urine. (Koos and Gornbein, 2021) Due to the gestational rise in insulin resistance and the accompanying perturbations of the maternal metabolome, the urinary metabolite algorithm distinguishing GDM versus CON in early gestation likely differs from that in latter gestation.
Objectives
This study was carried out 1) to identify the metabolites of late-pregnancy urine that are independently associated with GDM, 2) to select a metabolite subgroup for a predictive model for the disorder, 3) to compare the predictive accuracy of this late pregnancy algorithm with the model previously established for early pregnancy, and 4) to determine whether the late urinary markers of GDM likely contribute to the late pregnancy decline in insulin sensitivity.
Methods
This observational nested case-control study comprised a cohort of 46 GDM patients matched with 46 control subjects (CON). Random urine samples were collected at ≥ 24 weeks’ gestation and were analyzed by a global metabolomics platform. A consensus of three multivariate criteria was used to distinguish GDM from CON subjects, and a classification tree of selected metabolites was utilized to compute a model that separated GDM vs CON.
Results
The GDM and CON groups were similar with respect to maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational age at urine collection [GDM 30.8\(\:\pm\:\)3.6(SD); CON [30.5\(\:\pm\:3.0\:weeks]\). Three multivariate criteria identified eight metabolites simultaneously separating GDM from CON subjects, comprising five markers of mitochondrial dysfunction and three of inflammation/oxidative stress. A five-level classification tree incorporating four of the eight metabolites predicted GDM with an unweighted accuracy of 89%. The model derived from early pregnancy urine also had a high predictive accuracy (85.9%).
Conclusion
The late pregnancy urine metabolites independently linked to GDM were markers for diminished insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin release. The high predictive accuracy of the models in both early and late pregnancy in this cohort supports the notion that a urinary metabolite phenotype may separate GDM vs CON across both early and late gestation. A large validation study should be conducted to affirm the accuracy of this noninvasive and time-efficient technology in identifying GDM.
BJ, Gornbein JA. Early pregnancy metabolites predict gestational diabetes mellitus: Implications for fetal programming. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021;224(2):215.e1-215.e7.
Low incidence of acute kidney injury in very low birth weight infants with early caffeine treatment - a single center study
Authors: Schlesinger Noam , Tzvi-Behr Shimrit , Ben-Shalom Efrat , Frishberg Yaacov , Kasirer Yair 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in premature neonates and is associated with short term complications as well as a higher risk for future kidney damage. Caffeine was reported as associated with decreased AKI occurrence. This study aims to assess the incidence of AKI in a cohort of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (under 1500 grams) routinely treated with early high dose caffeine.
Methods Charts of all VLBW preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Shaare Zedek Medical Center between Jan. 1, 2017, and Dec. 31, 2019, were reviewed. Infants with missing creatinine or urine output data and those with major congenital abnormalities were excluded. AKI was defined according to the neonatal AKI kidney disease improving global outcomes classification. All VLBW preterm infants were treated with continuous high dose Caffeine infusion starting at the first hour of life. All maternal and infant data were retrieved from electronic medical records.
Results A total of 311 VLBW infants were reviewed and 301 met inclusion criteria. AKI was diagnosed in 41 infants (14%). The incidence of early onset AKI was 12/301 (4%) significantly lower than previously reported (p-value < 0.0001). Sixteen infants (5%) had more than one AKI episode. Seven infants (17%) had AKI stage 1 and seventeen (41%) had stage 2 or 3.
Conclusions In our cohort of VLBW infants treated with high dose caffeine starting at the first hour of life, the incidence of AKI, especially early onset AKI, was lower than previously reported.
Evaluation of Mronj Knowledge in Senior Dental and Medical Students
Authors: Develi Tuba , Akgök Merve Gaye , Wardak Madina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a complication that occurs in patients receiving antiresorptive or antiangiogenic medical therapy. Treatment of MRONJ requires meticulous treatment planning and protocols. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the knowledge level of senior dentistry and medicine students about MRONJ.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 154 senior dentistry and medical faculty students. Data were collected using a structured electronic survey consisting of six sections. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23, and a P-value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: More than half of the sample (66.7%) had knowledge about antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs; 76.4% of those who had knowledge had heard about it during their university education. The underlying diseases that antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs target were unknown to the majority. Almost half of the sample (45.2%) could not identify any antiresorptive or anti-angiogenic drugs, and 62.5% of senior students of the Faculty of Medicine and 15.9% of senior students of Dentistry did not know that these drugs could cause jaw necrosis.
Conclusion: Although the level of knowledge about MRONJ was higher among dental students for all departments in the survey, it was quite insufficient for both medical and dental students.
Clinical Relevance: Enhancing knowledge of dentistry students and medicine students about MRONJ will be an important step in reducing and even preventing this public health problem, which is quite common in society.
Association between the indicators of insulin resistance and periodontitis: A study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2014
Authors: Lang Yiyuan , Song Xin , Chen Yan , Mei Han , Wu Chengyu , Zhang Rui , Xue Changao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) is increasing along with greater obesity rates. To identify the best replacement index of IR, this study aimed to investigate the possible association between IR, which was assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index and its derived indexes and periodontitis.
Methods
The association between the indicators of IR and periodontitis was assessed via multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014. In addition, subgroup analyses and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted to explore possible influencing factors.
Results
Our study encompassed 1,588 participants, and 41.0% were diagnosed with periodontitis. Based on themultivariate logistic regression analysis, a higher TyG-waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)(odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.67, P = 0.0075) and HOMA-IR score (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00–1.00, P = 0.0130) were associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. Conversely, the TyG index, TyG-adjusted for body mass index, and TyG-adjusted for waist circumference (WC) were not associated with periodontitis. According to further subgroup analyses and interaction result analyses, sex affected the association between the TyG index, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR and periodontitis (P < 0.05 for interaction). Moreover, the influence of age regulated the association between periodontitis and both TyG and HOMA-IR score. In terms of diagnostic accuracy, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that HOMA-IR score and TyG-WHtR slightly outperformed the TyG index, TyG-body mass index, and TyG-WC. Thus, they can be robust markers for assessing IR-related periodontitis risk.
Conclusion
A consistent and positive association was found between HOMA-IR score and TyG-WHtR and the odds of periodontitis prevalence. Hence, HOMA-IR score and TyG-WHtR can be valid predictors for evaluating the association between periodontitis development and IR.
Does Introduction of a Taper-Slip Polished Cemented Stem Reduce Early Periprosthetic Fracture Risk with Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty?
Authors: Telias Alberto , Bourget-Murray Jonathan , Garceau Simon , Beaule Paul , Grammatopoulos George 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Anterior approach total hip replacement (AA-THA) is associated with higher periprosthetic fracture (PFF) risk. Cemented femoral fixation may reduce this risk. This study aims to 1) determine if using a cemented polished taper-slip (PTS) stem reduces PFF risk, 2) describe perioperative complications, and 3) identify factors associated with outcome.
Methods
This was a retrospective, case-matched cohort study from an academic center. The first 122 hybrid AA-THAs with a minimum 12-month follow-up were reviewed. These were matched (2:1) for age, sex, BMI, femoral and pelvic morphology with 244 AA-THAs using an uncemented, short, stem. Outcomes measured include PPF (Vancouver classification) rate, reoperation rate, complications, cement quality, and radiologic measurements.
Results
Nineteen PFFs (5.1%) occurred at a mean 14.5±23 days following surgery. There was no difference in PPF rate between groups (CS: 7/122, 5.7%, 5/7 Type-A and 2/7 Type-B2; US: 12/244, 4.9%, 7/12 Type-A, 4/12 Type-B2 and 1/12 Type-C; p=0.847). There was no difference in PPF risk between short (≤125 mm) and normal length (150 mm) stems (p=0.676). More uncemented stems subsided (CS: 1/122, 0.8%; US: 27/244, 11.1%; p<0.001). Suboptimum cementation was noted in 16 (13%) hips; two fractured and one subsided (risk-ratio [RR]: 3.9; p=0.035). A narrow ischial width and high ilio-ischial ratio were the only morphological parameters associated with risk of PPF and subsidence.
Conclusion
Hybrid AA-THA did not reduce PFF risk. Suboptimal cementation was associated with increased risk of subsidence or fracture. Current instruments do not accommodate the limited working window and steeper femoral angle during AA-THA.
Comparative Investigation of Implosion Water Treatment as Compared to Conventional Techniques
Authors: Singh Basudev , Mahato Jayanta Kumar , Sharma Jyoti 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Quality of water is the major concern among all humans. Most of the available water can’t be used directly. There are some techniques which are commonly used for treat water for its best use. These techniques involve filtration, ultra filtration, reverse osmosis, UV treatment, chemical treatments etc. All these techniques for water treatment are used singly or in combined form. All these techniques have some advantages and some disadvantages. We have to make effort by treatment through various for making the water potable. Reverse Osmosis is the major technique used for water treatment along with filtration and UV treatment. One more technique which in not used in general practice but can be very useful is Implosion technology. Filtration is the technique which only removes suspended particles; it does not work on dissolved solids.For bacterial contamination UV treatment is effective. Reverse Osmosis effectively removes the dissolved solids and minerals;this may cause harmful impact for the human body on regular intake. The study shows that reverse osmosis decreases dissolved solids from 60 to 95 %, a sharp decline in pH of water is also observed after reverse osmosis which is not suitable for human body on regular basis. Implosion technique is only technique which does not impact negatively on human body and also sustainable technique. It makes positive on the chemistry of water as it removes turbidity from water (20 to 80%), make appearance and taste better, increases the level of dissolved oxygen (5 to 20%), removes hardness to little extent (10 to 30%), and also helps to removes bacterial contamination in some cases. Implosion technique maintains the mineral content in water. Hence it is concluded that for the water which have acceptable dissolved solids (150mg/l to 600 mg/l) implosion technique is best for use, Reverse osmosis is best to use when dissolved solids in water are much higher (>600mg/l). These all techniques may be used in combination of two or more for obtaining desired water quality.
Frequeny of CMV Testing During Pregnancy- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hadjiiona Antigoni , Michaelides Ioannis , Kummer Peter , Kappelmeyer Maurice , Koeninger Angela , Reuschel Edith 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The cytomegalovirus (CMV) belongs to the family of human Herpesviridae and is distributed worldwide. It is the most common cause of viral congenital infections and can have serious consequences for the health of the fetus in the event of a vertical infection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of CMV diagnosis during pregnancy of pregnant women.
Methods
Retrospectively, 1000 pregnant patients aged 17 to 45 years who were treated in the University Clinic St. Hedwig, Germany, were included in the study. It was investigated whether a CMV test was carried out during pregnancy and which results were obtained.
Results
597 patients (59.7%) had not received a CMV test during pregnancy. Among the 403 (40.3%) patients who had undergone CMV testing, immunity was detected in 143 (35.5%). 257 patients (63.8%) showed no immunity, while 3 (0.74%) had an active infection.
Conclusion
Although CMV is the most common pathogen of viral congenital infections, which can severely impair the health of affected newborns, and both hyperimmune globulin administration as well as antiviral therapy now show good preventive and therapeutic success, CMV diagnostics during pregnancy is still not an integral part of the maternity guidelines in Germany, but rather an individualized healthcare service (IGeL). Unfortunately, there is currently no vaccination available to prevent vertical transmission, which is why early diagnosis and hygiene measures are the most important means of preventing seroconversion of the mother and possible infection of the fetus.
Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value is a novel prognostic biomarker in advanced Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Wang Mingyu , Wang Xinyi , Hu Yingjia , Li Jian , Niu Xingjian , Wang Fujing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Advanced gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignancy with a poor prognosis, which remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Identifying novel biomarkers is needed to predict survival for this highly progressive cancer. Many studies have confirmed that pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) is related to the prognosis of various tumors in recent years. However, the prognostic value of PIV remains unclear in gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to discuss the prognostic role of PIV in stage III and IV gastric cancer.
Methods: The clinical data of 646 patients with gastric cancer after gastrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The calculation method of PIV is PIV=neutrophil count (109/L) × platelet count (109/L) × monocyte count (109/L)/lymphocyte count (109/L). Patients were divided into high and low PIV group by cut-off value based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Effects of PIV and other IIB on survival were analyzed based on the ROC curves. Kaplan-Meier method was plotted to indicate the value of immune-inflammatory biomarkers (IIBs) in predicting the overall survival of gastric cancer. The overall survival (OS) in advanced gastric cancer patients were analyzed and univariate and multivariate statistics were used to evaluate the prognostic value.
Results: PIV had the most significantly predictive value in advanced GC patients compared with other peripheral blood parameters and IIBs. Cases in the high PIV group were more likely to have low serum albumin (Alb) level, larger tumor size compared with those in the low PIV group. PIV was identified an independent prognostic indicator for survival outcome in advanced GC patients in univariate and multivariate models.
Conclusions: This study confirmed that PIV can reflect the prognosis of advanced GC patients who have undergone gastrectomy, suggesting a potential application of PIV in GC treatment outcomes. Compared to other IIb indicators, PIV is more sensitive as a prognostic indicator. PIV will also provide some insight into the underlying mechanisms of immune and inflammatory effects in GC development and progression.
Trial registration: This study was a retrospective analysis, which has no intervention on human participants.
Effects of Weight Loss on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in a United Arab Emirates Based Population: A Comparative Analysis of Bariatric Surgery and Non-Surgical Interventions
Authors: Barajas-Gamboa Juan S. , Khan Mohammed Sakid Ihsan , Gobbo Gabriel Diaz Del , Rivas Homero , Pantoja Juan Pablo , Abril Carlos , Moreno Cristobal , Raza Javed , Khan Fawad , Ghazanfar Rahat , Chiha Maguy , Saadi Hussein , Corcelles Ricard , Rodriguez John , Kroh Matthew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in the United Arab Emirates, but the comparative effects of bariatric surgery and medical weight loss on NAFLD in this population remain understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these interventions on NAFLD parameters in severely obese patients.
Methods: This prospective study compared 51 patients undergoing bariatric surgery (surgical cohort) with 35 patients undergoing supervised medical weight loss (medical cohort). Anthropometric measurements, comprehensive laboratory tests, and transient elastography (Fibroscan®) were performed at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Intraoperative liver biopsies were conducted for the surgical cohort.
Results: At 12-month follow-up, the surgical cohort showed significantly greater improvements in BMI (29.65 ± 5.39 vs 38.42 ± 6.39 kg/m², p<0.001), total weight loss (29.25% vs 1.34%, p<0.001), and liver function markers including ALT (16.55 vs 30.29 U/L, p<0.001). HbA1c levels were lower in the surgical group (5.07% vs 5.57%, p=0.014). Lipid profiles improved more in the surgical cohort. Fibroscan results demonstrated greater reductions in controlled attenuation parameter (321.26 to 234.08 vs 316.88 to 321.00 dB/m, p<0.001) and liver stiffness (5.74 to 4.56 vs 5.84 to 5.36 kPa, p=0.062) in the surgical group, indicating improved liver fat content and fibrosis.
Conclusion: Bariatric surgery resulted in superior outcomes for weight loss, metabolic parameters, and improvement in NAFLD markers compared to medical weight loss in this UAE-based population. This suggests its efficacy as an intervention for NAFLD in severely obese patients, though long-term studies are needed to confirm the sustainability of these improvements.
Associations of Wearable Activity Tracker Use With Physical Activity and Health Outcomes in Patients With Cancer: Findings from a Population-Based Survey Study
Authors: Zhou Weijiao , Shang Shaomei , Cho Youmin 
Published: October 2024

Background
Physical inactivity is a global issue for cancer survivors. Wearable activity trackers are promising to address physical inactivity by providing real-time feedback on physical activity and offering opportunities for self-monitoring and goal setting. Meta-analysis has reported the effects of interventions that incorporate wearable activity trackers on improved physical inactivity and related health outcomes (eg, BMI, anxiety and depression, and self-rated health status). However, wearable activity trackers were often used as an adjunct to physical activity interventions, and the effectiveness of wearable activity trackers alone is unknown.

Objective
This study aims to determine the association of wearable activity trackers with physical activity and health outcomes in patients with cancer.

Methods
Data from 957 cancer survivors from the Health Information National Trends Survey–Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (HINTS-SEER) were analyzed. The outcome variables examined were time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity, weekly frequency of strength training, BMI, anxiety and depression levels, and self-assessed health status. The primary independent variable was whether cancer survivors had used wearable activity trackers within the past 12 months. Design-based linear regression for continuous outcome variables and ordinal logistic regression for ordinal outcome variables were conducted to determine the associations after controlling for sociodemographic, cancer-related, and health-related factors. All data analyses accounted for the complex survey design and sample weights.

Results
Only 29% of cancer survivors reported wearable activity tracker use. Bivariate analyses showed that younger age (P<.001), higher education (P=.04), higher income (P<.001), and an employed status (P<.001) were significantly associated with wearable activity tracker use. Wearable activity tracker use was significantly associated with higher time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (adjusted =37.94, 95% CI 8.38-67.5; P=.01), more frequent strength training per week (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.50, 95% CI 1.09-2.06; P=.01), and better self-rated health status (adjusted OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.09-2.29; P=.01), but not with BMI or anxiety and depression.

Conclusions
This study suggests that the uptake of wearable activity trackers is low and highlights the digital divide among patients with cancer. This study has confirmed the associations of wearable activity tracker use with physical activity and self-rated health, supporting using wearable activity trackers as a promising tool to facilitate physical activity promotion.
Study on The Response Characteristics of Monopile Offshore Wind Turbines under Non-Gaussian loads in Typhoons
Authors: Tan Xiaoyu , Li Jiaqi , Hu Yuan , Song Tao , Chen Siyi , Li Jiaxiao 
Published: October 2024

The fan structure is often seriously damaged under typhoon, so the study of the fan structure under typhoon is of great significance for its disaster prevention and mitigation. The actual measurement shows that the typhoon has obvious non-Gaussian characteristics, and the influence mechanism of this characteristic on the fan response characteristics is not clear. Therefore study the response characteristics of fans under non-Gaussian load. First, based on the autoregressive AR model, combined with the Johnson conversion model (JTM); second, the wind load is determined based on the specification; then the wind load. Finally, the response characteristics of 5MW fan are studied by characterizing the numerical cases of non-Gaussian fan with different strength of typhoon. The results show that the non-high characteristics of non-Gaussian wind field and the non-Gaussian characteristics become stronger with the strength of the non-Gaussian characteristics of wind field.