bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competencies for information specialists in emerging roles
Authors: Fraser-Arnott Melissa 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Librarians are increasingly involved in projects and teams that require them to exhibit a broad range of knowledge and competencies which extend beyond traditional librarianship to include aspects of records management, information management, and knowledge management. In effect, librarians need to be information specialists, but the task of broadening one’s knowledge and competencies may be daunting, and it is helpful to explore the competencies of these various information disciplines as a guideline for competency development. The purpose of this paper is to provide some insights into the shared competencies and knowledge of these disciplines.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper describes an analysis of the competency profiles of librarians, records managers, information managers, archivists, and knowledge managers and provides a competency profile for information specialists that incorporates the knowledge and competencies from all of these areas. The sources used for this analysis were existing competency profiles developed by professional associations and employers of information workers such as government agencies.

Findings
The analysis resulted in the development of a competencies list which includes five competencies groups. These competency groups are: collaboration, client service, and communication; organizational understanding and strategic alignment; programme and service delivery and management; records, information, and knowledge management technical competencies; and personal qualities.

Practical implications
This analysis may be useful for librarians or library students who are determining which professional development opportunities to undertake as well as for managers who are seeking to define job profiles for their library staff in today’s complex information environment.

Originality/value
This paper bridges the disciplines of librarianship, information management, records management, archives, and knowledge management by comparing their relative competency profiles in order to create a set of competencies that are common to all disciplines.
Securities class actions and operating performance
Authors: McCarten Matthew , Diaz-Rainey Ivan 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how the filing of a securities class action, and associated corrective actions taken by management, impact the operating performance of sued firms.

Design/methodology/approach
A matched sample is formed three years prior to the filing of a class action, as opposed to the traditional one year used in the literature. Match adjusted performance is analyzed from three years prior to the filing to five years after. Further the authors analyze the impact corrective actions have on operating performance.

Findings
The results show that operating underperformance happens considerably earlier than had hitherto been believed. Further, there is no evidence that the filing adversely affects performance, rather securities class actions appear to act as a turning point. The findings also indicate that firms that increase leverage post filing, experience subsequent increases in their operating performance.

Originality/value
The results show that rather than leading to a deterioration in performance, as is currently understood, the filing of a securities class actions results in improved operating performance. This improvement is, in part, associated with more optimal use of leverage by management. Overall, class actions appear to be an effective disciplinary mechanism.
Insider trading surrounding securities class action litigation and settlement announcements
Authors: Davis Frederick , Taghipour Behzad , Walker Thomas J. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the trading patterns of corporate insiders, both managing and non-managing, around the announcement dates of securities class action lawsuits and related legal settlements.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use market model event study methodology to examine the impact of class action litigation and settlement announcements on the stock prices of sued firms. The authors then determine the extent of abnormal insider trading surrounding such announcements by comparing insider trading activity (volume and transaction counts) to prior insider trading in the same firm, and to a matched sample of firms not experiencing such litigation announcements. A multivariate framework is utilized to provide further insight into the determinants of such abnormal insider trading.FindingsThe authors establish that class action litigation and settlement announcements have a significant impact on the stock prices of sued firms, and that foreknowledge of these events appears to be used by insiders to earn abnormal profits. Moreover, results indicate that managing insiders exhibit higher opportunistic abnormal trading activity than non-managing insiders. Multivariate analysis shows that size, prior firm returns, and the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are important determinants of such insider trading.Originality/valueThis appears to be the first paper to analyze insider trading surrounding class action settlement announcements, and raises concerns about the ethical conduct of certain insider groups while highlighting the importance of access to private information, even amongst insiders themselves.
High-speed Cherry Hooper flash analog-to-digital converter
Authors: Faure Nicolaas , Sinha Saurabh 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The 60 GHz unlicensed band is being utilized for high-speed wireless networks with data rates in the gigabit range. To successfully make use of these high-speed signals in a digital system, a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is necessary. This paper aims to present the use of a common collector (CC) input tree and Cherry Hooper (C-H) differential amplifier to enable analog-to-digital conversion at high frequencies.

Design/methodology/approach
The CC input tree is designed to separate the input Miller capacitance of each comparator stage. The CC stages are biased to obtain bandwidth speeds higher than the comparator stages while using less current than the comparator stages. The C-H differential amplifier is modified to accommodate the low breakdown voltages of the technology node and implemented as a comparator. The comparator stages are biased to obtain a high output voltage swing and have a small signal bandwidth up to 29 GHz. Simulations were performed using foundry development kits to verify circuit operation. A two-bit ADC was prototyped in IBM’s 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS 8HP technology node. Measurements were carried out on test printed circuit boards and compared with simulation results.

Findings
The use of the added CC input tree showed a simulated bandwidth improvement of approximately 3.23 times when compared to a basic flash architecture, for a two-bit ADC. Measured results showed an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 1.18, from DC up to 2 GHz, whereas the simulated result was 1.5. The maximum measured integral non-linearity and differential non-linearity was 0.33 LSB. The prototype ADC had a figure of merit of 42 pJ/sample.

Originality/value
The prototype ADC results showed that the group delay for the C-H comparator plays a critical role in ADC performance for high frequency input signals. For minimal component variation, the group delay between channels deviate from each other, causing incorrect output codes. The prototype ADC had a low gain which reduced the comparator performance. The two-bit CC C-H ADC is capable of achieving an ENOB close to 1.18, for frequencies up to 2 GHz, with 180 mW total power consumption.
Working capital management and firm profitability: a meta-analysis
Authors: Singh Harsh Pratap , Kumar Satish , Colombage Sisira 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to quantitatively aggregate the findings of prior literature on the effect of working capital management (WCM) on corporate profitability using the meta-analysis technique developed by Hunter et al. (1982).

Design/methodology/approach
A set of 46 research articles that directly studied the relationship between WCM, and profitability was analyzed for the purpose. In addition to overall meta-analysis, a detailed subgroup study was also conducted to test whether the differences in results are due to moderating effects related to different profitability proxies, economic development of a specific country and size of the firms under study.

Findings
The findings of this meta-analysis confirm that WCM is negatively associated with profitability, which means an aggressive WCM policy leads to higher profitability. Overall, and in all the subgroup studies, the cash conversion cycle was found to be negatively associated with profitability.

Originality/value
Unlike narrative literature review papers, this meta-analysis provides quantitatively aggregate evidence on the relationship of WCM and firms’ profitability. To the best of authors’ knowledge, no previous meta-analysis paper is published on the topic.
Piece by piece: understanding graffiti-writing in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Ho Man , Ku Ka Chun , Li Pak Kei Toma , Ng Hiu Kwan , Ng Suet Yi Michelle 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the development of graffiti in Hong Kong. Based on cultural criminological theories, the study looks at graffiti from the cultural verstehen perspective (Ritzer, 1996) – giving voice to graffiti writers, instead of focusing on how the police or the general public react to the graffiti issue. The research also examines the motives of those writers and whether they perceive graffiti as an act of vandalism or an expression of an art form.

Design/methodology/approach
Graffiti is still an underdeveloped research topic in Hong Kong, which is absent not only in the mainstream discourse, but also in mainstream arts. It merely catches the media’s attention when graffiti are associated with political struggles. Thus, this paper aims to bridge the gap between the existing literature reviews and the graffiti development in this cosmopolitan city. In particular, it gives voice to graffiti writers to let readers understand how this hidden group of people perceive the notion of graffiti within their own subcultural discourse – and, at the same time, how the public responds to those graffiti-writings.

Findings
The research project, to a certain extent, manifests similarities to the literature reviews at an international level, especially the graffiti studies in London and New York. There are similarities in the graffiti styles – tags, bombs and pieces – and also in terms of the meanings carried behind graffiti-writing in public spaces, which showcase power through occupying space and its association with commercialization. Nevertheless, graffiti in Hong Kong have certain unique features, particularly as regards the official response to graffiti and the linkage of graffiti with politics. As seen in the Umbrella Movement and the Ai wei-wei incident, the legal responses were rigid and efficient, showing that the government paid great attention to the messages delivered in these cases. When no complaints or reports are made to the police, graffiti work is left undisturbed. Only when strong political messages are carried will prompt action be taken.

Originality/value
Graffiti are an underdeveloped research topic in Hong Kong, which is absent not only in the mainstream discourse but also in the mainstream arts. This paper aims to bridge the gap between the existing literature reviews and the graffiti development in Hong Kong. It gives voice to graffiti writers to let readers understand how this hidden group of people perceives the notion of graffiti within their own subcultural discourse and how city dwellers respond to those graffiti-writings.
Sexual harassment of women in China: the role of liberal sexual attitudes
Authors: Lui Lake 
Published: January 2017

PurposeSexual liberation for women is often seen as a means of empowerment. Yet challenging the conventional Chinese beliefs of what constitutes a “good woman” might threaten men’s power, resulting in sanctioning. This study aims to uncover the link between women’s liberal sexual attitudes and an extreme form of sanctioning – sexual harassment.Design/methodology/approachUsing data fromChinese Health and Family Life Survey, structural equation modeling is applied to examine the hypothesized relationships between sexual harassment and individual and community characteristics, as well as the direct and indirect effects of liberal sexual attitudes.FindingsThe author found that a woman’s liberal sexual attitude has a positive direct effect on sexual harassment. Whether the woman resides in rural or urban areas is not directly linked to sexual harassment, yet liberal sexual attitudes among urban women mediate the effect of geographical location, leading to their greater risk of being harassed. Youthfulness and women having a paid job are risk factors for sexual harassment but self-rated attractiveness is not.Research limitations/implicationsThe results reflect a conservative societal view of women’s sexuality, even though it is often believed that China’s sexual revolution is on the way – which plausibly refers to the greater permissiveness for heterosexual men. This study thus illuminates the importance of gender egalitarianism in the process of liberalization of social and moral attitudes toward sex.Originality/valueThis study thus illuminates the importance of gender egalitarianism in the process of liberalization of social and moral attitudes toward sex.
Living arrangements of adults with learning disabilities across the UK
Authors: Hatton Chris 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare data from national social care statistics on the living situations of people with learning disabilities across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Design/methodology/approach
National social care statistics (England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland) reporting the living situations of adults with learning disabilities (residential and nursing care, living with family, other forms of accommodation) were accessed, with data extracted on trends over time and rate of service use.

Findings
There were substantial differences in the statistics collected across the UK. Overall, there were higher reported rates of adults with learning disabilities in residential/nursing accommodation in England than Scotland or Wales, but much lower reported rates of adults living in other forms of unsupported and supported accommodation and much lower reported rates of adults living with their families. In all three countries, trends over time suggest that reductions in residential care towards more independent living options may be stalling. In Northern Ireland reductions in currently extensive residential and nursing care services are continuing, unlike other parts of the UK.

Social implications
Despite similar policy ambitions across the four parts of the UK, statistics on the living situations of adults with learning disabilities report substantial differences.

Originality/value
This paper is a first attempt to compare national social care statistics concerning the living situations of adults with learning disabilities across the UK. With increasing divergence of health and social service systems, further comparative analyses of services for people with learning disabilities are needed.
Relationships grow with time: a note of caution about energy expenditure‐proxy correlations, focussing on accelerometry as an example
Authors: Halsey Lewis G. 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Scientists studying the energy expenditure of air‐breathing divers are interested in developing a more tractable technique to support their endeavour. Accelerometers instrumented to animals can return a tangible measure of those animals’ activity levels, which in some situations correlates with their metabolic rate.
However, I argue that reported evidence for this correlation in semi‐aquatic animals while diving is not always as strong as it seems. This is because some analyses have derived a measure of activity level by calculating the sum of accelerometry‐based values and compared those data points to measures of summed (total) energy expenditure. These summations mean that time (duration) has been introduced into both sides of the regression equation. This is likely to generate a correlation between body acceleration and energy expenditure even if the two variables are not mechanistically linked because time will correlate with itself.
Thus, a strong relationship between a summed measure of energy expenditure and a summed proxy of energy expenditure indicates only that as time passes an animal burns calories. Issues concerning summation of variables in principle extend to other potential proxies of energy expenditure, such as heart rate. I demonstrate the artefactual effect of regressing summed values with analyses of modelled data using ecologically valid parameters.
Unless a summed proxy predicts total energy expenditure substantially better than does time alone, there is little evidence upon which to base a claim that body acceleration is suitably predictive of metabolic rate. Clarity about the predictive power of body acceleration to estimate metabolic rate should be sought by simply presenting a graph of the relationship between these raw values.

A lay summary is available for this article.
Unusual Combination of Multiple Vascular Anomalies in a German Shepherd Puppy with Megaoesophagus
Authors: Biasato I. , Lanteri G. , Guarda F. , Capucchio M. T. , Marino F. , Briguglio G. , Macrì F. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryA 2‐months‐old male German shepherd puppy was referred for regurgitation and delayed growth. Radiographic and endoscopic investigations revealed a precardiac megaoesophagus and oesophageal constriction at the level of the heart base. At post‐mortem examination, a specific form of persistent right aortic arch characterized by an aberrant left subclavian artery in combination with a ligamentum arteriosum originating at the aberrant left subclavian artery (PRAA‐SA‐LA) was detected. A complete‐type persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) was also observed. This is the first report describing the association between PRAA‐SA‐LA and PLCVC in a dog with megaoesophagus.
Topical ivermectin improves allergic skin inflammation
Authors: Ventre E. , Rozières A. , Lenief V. , Albert F. , Rossio P. , Laoubi L. , Dombrowicz D. , Staels B. , Ulmann L. , Julia V. , Vial E. , Jomard A. , Hacini‐Rachinel F. , Nicolas J.‐F. , Vocanson M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundIvermectin (IVM) is widely used in both human and veterinary medicine to treat parasitic infections. Recent reports have suggested thatIVMcould also have anti‐inflammatory properties.MethodsHere, we investigated the activity ofIVMin a murine model of atopic dermatitis (AD) induced by repeated exposure to the allergenDermatophagoides farinae, and in standard cellular immunological assays.ResultsOur results show that topicalIVMimproved allergic skin inflammation by reducing the priming and activation of allergen‐specific T cells, as well as the production of inflammatory cytokines. WhileIVMhad no major impact on the functions of dendritic cellsin vivoandin vitro,IVMimpaired T‐cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production following polyclonal and antigen‐specific stimulation.ConclusionAltogether, our results show thatIVMis endowed with topical anti‐inflammatory properties that could have important applications for the treatment of T‐cell‐mediated skin inflammatory diseases.
Thromboelastography (TEG) or rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to monitor haemostatic treatment in bleeding patients: a systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Wikkelsø A. , Wetterslev J. , Møller A. M. , Afshari A. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryCoagulopathy and severe bleeding are associated with high mortality. We evaluated haemostatic treatment guided by the functional viscoelastic haemostatic assays, thromboelastography or rotational thromboelastometry in bleeding patients. We searched for randomised, controlled trials irrespective of publication status, publication date, blinding status, outcomes published or language from date of inception to 5 January 2016 in six bibliographic databases. We included 17 trials (1493 participants), most involving cardiac surgery. Thromboelastography or rotational thromboelastometry seemed to reduce overall mortality compared to any of our comparisons (3.9% vs. 7.4%, RR (95% CI) 0.52 (0.28–0.95); I2 = 0%, 8 trials, 717 participants). However, the quality of evidence is graded as low due to the high risk of bias, heterogeneity, imprecision and low event rate. Thromboelastography or rotational thromboelastometry significantly reduced the proportion of patients transfused with red blood cells (RR (95% CI) 0.86 (0.79–0.94); I2 = 0%, 10 trials, 832 participants), fresh frozen plasma (RR (95% CI) 0.57 (0.33–0.96); I2 = 86%, 10 trials, 832 participants) and platelets (RR (95% CI) 0.73 (0.60–0.88); I2 = 0%, 10 studies, 832 participants). There was no difference in proportion needing surgical re‐interventions (RR (95% CI) 0.75 (0.50–1.10); I2 = 0%, 9 trials, 887 participants). Trial sequential analysis of mortality suggests that only 54% of the required information size has been reached so far. Transfusion strategies guided by thromboelastography or rotational thromboelastometry may reduce the need for blood products in patients with bleeding, but the results are mainly based on trials of elective cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass, with low‐quality evidence.
Severe fear of childbirth indicates high perinatal costs for Swedish women giving birth to their first child
Authors: Nieminen Katri , Wijma Klaas , Johansson Sanna , Kinberger Emelie K. , Ryding Elsa‐Lena , Andersson Gerhard , Bernfort Lars , Wijma Barbro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to calculate costs associated with severe fear of childbirth (FOC) during pregnancy and peripartum by comparing two groups of women expecting their first child and attending an ordinary antenatal program; one with lowFOCand one with severeFOC.Material and methodsIn a prospective case–control cohort study one group with lowFOC[Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W‐DEQ) sum score ≤60,n= 107] and one with severeFOC(W‐DEQ≥85,n= 43) were followed up till 3 months postpartum and included in the analysis. Medical records were assessed and medical parameters were mapped. Mean costs for healthcare consumption and sick leave during pregnancy were calculated and compared.ResultsWhen means were compared between the groups, the group with severeFOChad more visits for psychosocial reasons (p= 0.001) and more hours on sick leave (p= 0.03) during pregnancy, and stayed longer at the maternity ward (p= 0.04). They also more seldom had normal spontaneous deliveries (p= 0.03), and more often had an elective cesarean section on maternal request (p= 0.02). Postpartum, they more often than the group with lowFOCpaid visits to the maternity clinic because of complications (p= 0.001) and to the antenatal unit because of adverse childbirth experiences (p= 0.001). The costs for handling women with severeFOCwas 38% higher than those for women with lowFOC.ConclusionWomen with severeFOCgenerate considerably higher perinatal costs than women with lowFOCwhen handled in care as usual.