bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Alternative Chinatown: Lewchew (Ryukyu) Kume Village and “36 Min Families” (另類唐人街 -「閩人三十六姓」與琉球久米村)
Authors: Lim (林 泉 忠) John Chuan-Tiong 
Published: November 2016

Kumemura Village, or Kuninda, has been known as the community of Chinese immigrants with a more than five-hundred year background of scholar-bureaucrat aristocracy in Lewchew, or Ryukyu. They supposedly originated from a group of 36 families from the Southern Chinese Min (閩) ethnic group since 1392. Although much research has been conducted on the subject matter throughout the years, there is almost no scholar who would tackle it on the concept of a “Chinatown.” There are basically two reasons to account for such tendency in academics. Firstly, unlike most Chinese immigrant groups in other parts of the world, the 36 Min Families who had moved to Lewchew did not leave the country of their own accord, for neither private nor economic reasons, but in fact, were ordered by Emperor Hongwu to emigrate for political reasons. Furthermore, Kuninda-chu, the descendants of 36 Min Families, have almost, in the same way as other Okinawa people regard them over the years, never seen themselves as “overseas Chinese.”However, this paper argues that there are still plenty of similarities between Kuninda-chu and other overseas Chinese in the world. The two main points for this paper are: firstly, Kuninda-chu relied excessively on the Chinese World Order and tributary system for its maintenance, so its survival rested primarily on the existence of this political structure, and was eventually disintegrated upon the collapse of the system. Secondly, Chinese culture was largely brought by Kuninda-chu to Ryukyu during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but it is still kept alive and observed in Okinawa society to this day and in stark contrast with the Yamaonchu, the Japanese in the mainland of Japan, it directly helped shaping and forming the Okinawa people’s self-identity as Uchinan-chu.Truly, Kuninda no longer exists in the Okinawa society today, but Kuninda-chu’s descendants have been upholding their unique ethic image through various traditional activities organized by different groups, Kume-Sosekai notwithstanding. Moreover, Kuninda-chu is also one of the earliest overseas Chinese groups who had assimilated successfully into the local Okinawa community. It is clear that Kuninda is one of the most paramount alternative cases for the studies of overseas Chinese.過去有關琉球「久米村」的歷史研究，鮮有學者以「唐人街」的概念來探討它的歷史與社會形態。其原因係「久米村人」或稱「閩人三十六姓」擁有有別於一般認知的華僑特徵。其一、儘管「久米村人」來自於中國著名僑鄉福建，然而這些移民最初並非個人的意志，亦非家庭因素而來到琉球，因爲他們是「官派」移民。其二、早期第一代閩僑「出外」的目的，乃以經濟為主要誘因，然「閩人三十六姓」則是受明太祖洪武帝派遣，前來琉球以輔助王國之營運及維繫與中國的關係，其政治目的十分清晰。其三、「閩人三十六姓」的子孫之間幾乎不存在「華僑」意識，更多的視自己為琉球人的一部分，而其他琉球人亦如此視之。然而本文認爲「久米村人」與一般認知上的華僑、華人還是有許多共通之處。本文聚焦兩個主要面向，來探討「久米村」及「久米村人」在僑居地琉球的變遷與影響。兩大論點包括一、儘管「久米村」對琉球王國的發展功不可沒，然而過於仰賴「中華世界體系」的存在，故因該體制的興起而生，亦因該體制的衰亡而瓦解；二、「久米村人」是將中國文化大量帶進琉球的重要推手，中國文化至今仍在沖繩社會傳承，並在沖繩人形塑自我認同上發揮不可或缺的重要影響。儘管「久米村」已不復存在，然而擁有500年歷史的「久米村」留下了龐大有跡可尋的歷史紀錄，而「久米村人」的後裔至今仍透過許多聯誼組織，低調地繼續維繫著在琉球社會中獨特族群的形象，而「久米村人」也是歷史上華僑最早「落地生根」的族群之一，提供了華僑、華人研究不可多得的重要個案。 (This article is in Chinese.)
New Species and Records of Costa Rican Featherwing Beetles (Coleoptera:Ptiliidae)
Authors: DARBY MICHAEL 
Published: November 2016

This paper describes a new genus and species of Acrotrichinae, Seminis factiosum gen. n., sp. n.; two new species of Nossidium: Nossidium schuelkei, n. sp. and Nossidium issyae, sp. n.; and a new species of Ptenidium (Peruvium), Ptenidium gruenbergae sp. n. from Costa Rica. Three further species: Ptenidium nitidum (Heer), Petrotrichis rotundata Darby, and Bambara invisibilis Nietner are recorded as being present. With the exception of N. issyae all the insects were collected using a vehicle roof–mounted net on a single 40 kilometre drive from the east and west coasts of the Osa Peninsula by M. Schülke and B. Grünberg in 2012.
On the Physics of Three Integrated Assessment Models
Authors: Calel Raphael , Stainforth David A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Integrated assessment models (IAMs) are the main tools for combining physical and economic analyses to develop and assess climate change policy. Policy makers have relied heavily on three IAMs in particular—Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (DICE), The Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation and Distribution (FUND), and Policy Analysis for the Greenhouse Effect (PAGE)—when trying to balance the benefits and costs of climate action. Unpacking the physics of these IAMs accomplishes four things. First, it reveals how the physics of these IAMs differ and the extent to which those differences give rise to different visions of the human and economic costs of climate change. Second, it makes these IAMs more accessible to the scientific community and thereby invites further physical expertise into the IAM community so that economic assessments of climate change can better reflect the latest physical understanding of the climate system. Third, it increases the visibility of the link between the physical sciences and the outcomes of policy assessments so that the scientific community can focus more sharply on those unresolved questions that loom largest in policy assessments. And finally, in making explicit the link between these IAMs and the underlying physical models, one gains the ability to translate between IAMs using a common physical language. This translation key will allow multimodel policy assessments to run all three models with physically comparable baseline scenarios, enabling the economic sources of uncertainty to be isolated and facilitating a more informed debate about the most appropriate mitigation pathway.
Changes of the Tropical Tropopause Layer under Global Warming
Authors: Lin Pu , Paynter David , Ming Yi , Ramaswamy V. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper investigates changes in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) in response to carbon dioxide increase and surface warming separately in an atmospheric general circulation model, finding that both effects lead to a warmer tropical tropopause. Surface warming also results in an upward shift of the tropopause. A detailed heat budget analysis is performed to quantify the contributions from different radiative and dynamic processes to changes in the TTL temperature. When carbon dioxide increases with fixed surface temperature, a warmer TTL mainly results from the direct radiative effect of carbon dioxide increase. With surface warming, the largest contribution to the TTL warming comes from the radiative effect of the warmer troposphere, which is partly canceled by the radiative effect of the moistening at the TTL. Strengthening of the stratospheric circulation following surface warming cools the lower stratosphere dynamically and radiatively via changes in ozone. These two effects are of comparable magnitudes. This circulation change is the main cause of temperature changes near 63 hPa but is weak near 100 hPa. Contributions from changes in convection and clouds are also quantified. These results illustrate the heat budget analysis as a useful tool to disentangle the radiative–dynamical–chemical–convective coupling at the TTL and to facilitate an understanding of intermodel difference.
Performance of IMERG as a Function of Spatiotemporal Scale
Authors: Tan Jackson , Petersen Walter A. , Kirstetter Pierre-Emmanuel , Tian Yudong 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), a global high-resolution gridded precipitation dataset, will enable a wide range of applications, ranging from studies on precipitation characteristics to applications in hydrology to evaluation of weather and climate models. These applications focus on different spatial and temporal scales and thus average the precipitation estimates to coarser resolutions. Such a modification of scale will impact the reliability of IMERG. In this study, the performance of the Final Run of IMERG is evaluated against ground-based measurements as a function of increasing spatial resolution (from 0.1° to 2.5°) and accumulation periods (from 0.5 to 24 h) over a region in the southeastern United States. For ground reference, a product derived from the Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor suite, a radar- and gauge-based operational precipitation dataset, is used. The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) is also included as a benchmark. In general, both IMERG and TMPA improve when scaled up to larger areas and longer time periods, with better identification of rain occurrences and consistent improvements in systematic and random errors of rain rates. Between the two satellite estimates, IMERG is slightly better than TMPA most of the time. These results will inform users on the reliability of IMERG over the scales relevant to their studies.
Lung ultrasonography to diagnose meconium aspiration syndrome of the newborn
Authors: Liu Jing , Cao Hai-Ying , Fu Wei 
Published: November 2016

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of lung ultrasonography for neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Methods This prospective observational study enrolled patients diagnosed with MAS based on medical history, clinical manifestations and chest X-ray and control newborns without MAS. During ultrasonography, each lung was divided into three regions (front, lateral, and back), using anterior and posterior axillary lines as the boundary. While scanning each region of the lungs, the hand piece was perpendicular or parallel to the ribs. Results This study enrolled 117 newborns with MAS and 100 controls. The main lung ultrasonographic findings in patients with MAS were: (i) pulmonary consolidation with air bronchogram was found in all patients; (ii) pleural line anomalies and the disappearance of the A-line was found in all patients; (iii) atelectasis was found in 19 (16.2%) severe cases, who demonstrated severe massive atelectasis and visible lung pulse; (iv) pleural effusion was found in 16 patients (13.7%); and (v) alveolar-interstitial syndrome or B-line in the non-consolidation area was found in all patients with MAS. Conclusion Ultrasonography can be used routinely to diagnose MAS in an accurate, reliable, convenient, and non-invasive manner.
Two draft genome sequences of Pseudomonas jessenii strains isolated from a copper contaminated site in Denmark
Authors: Qin Yanan , Wang Dan , Brandt Kristian K. , Rensing Christopher 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPseudomonas jessenii C2 and Pseudomonas jessenii H16 were isolated from low-Cu and high-Cu industrially contaminated soil, respectively. P. jessenii H16 displayed significant resistance to copper when compared to P. jessenii C2. Here we describe genome sequences and interesting features of these two strains. The genome of P. jessenii C2 comprised 6,420,113 bp, with 5814 protein-coding genes and 67 RNA genes. P. jessenii H16 comprised 6,807,788 bp, with 5995 protein-coding genes and 70 RNA genes. Of special interest was a specific adaptation to this harsh copper-contaminated environment as P. jessenii H16 contained a novel putative copper resistance genomic island (GI) of around 50,000 bp.
Dellinger: Donate your data sets for the benefit of the science
Authors: Farley Isaac 
Published: November 2016

This SEG Wiki interview, the finale of the series, features Joe Dellinger, Spring 2016 SEG Distinguished Lecturer, Life Award member, and SEG Wiki Committee member. Dellinger joins Isaac Farley, SEG digital publications manager, to discuss open data and open software and what both can do to advance applied geophysics. [Figure: see text]
Determination of 17OHPreg and DHEAS by LC-MS/MS: Impact of Age, Sex, Pubertal Stage, and BMI on the Δ5 Steroid Pathway
Authors: Kulle Alexandra E. , Reinehr Thomas , Simic-Schleicher Gunter , Hornig Nadine C. , Holterhus Paul-Martin 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background:
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17OHPreg) are important for understanding the Δ5 pathway (e.g., in adrenarche and obesity). Although mass spectrometry has become the state-of-the-art method for quantifying steroids, there are few comprehensive age-, sex-, and pubertal stage–specific reference ranges for children.

Aims:
To develop a sensitive and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of DHEAS and 17OHPreg and to establish entire age-, sex- and pubertal stage–specific reference ranges in children.

Methods:
A total of 684 children, 453 (243 female, 210 male) with normal body mass index (BMI; &lt;90th) and 231 (132 female, 99 male) obese subjects (&gt;97th), were categorized into 11 age groups, and age- and Tanner stage (PH)–specific reference ranges were determined.

Results:
The limit of detection was 0.05 nmol/L for 17OHPreg and 0.5 nmol/L for DHEAS. Levels of both steroids declined after the neonatal period. Comparisons with RIA assays (Siemens, Munich, Germany) (DHEAS) and an in-house kit (17OHPreg) revealed 0.95 and 0.93, respectively, as coefficients of determination. Although DHEAS—generally higher in boys—increased continuously starting at 3 to 6 years, 17OHPreg remained largely constant. In obese patients, both were significantly elevated, also in part after alignment to Tanner stages (PH).

Conclusions:
UPLC-MS/MS is sensitive and reliable for quantifying DHEAS and 17OHPreg. Our data support differential maturation of CYP17 during adrenarche with successively increasing 17,20-lyase activity but largely constant 17α−hydroxylation activity. Endocrine interpretation of 17OHPreg and DHEAS must consider differential patterns for age, sex, pubertal stage, and BMI.
O direito administrativo como caixa de ferramentas e suas estratégias
Authors: Ribeiro Leonardo Coelho 
Published: November 2016

Este artigo busca contribuir para a aproximação do direito administrativo com o seu emprego prático e os resultados que produz, enquanto instrumento para a realização de finalidades predefinidas. Para isso, são investigadas não só interfaces do direito administrativo com a economia e a ciência política mas, principalmente, com a ciência da administração. O direito administrativo é, então, tomado pela metáfora de uma caixa de ferramentas, que congrega instrumentos com diferentes capacidades, conferindo-se importância ao desenho dos arranjos jurídicos, orientando a seleção, combinação e manejo das ferramentas de direito administrativo segundo os incentivos que podem gerar para cumprir as tarefas pretendidas. As estratégias do direito administrativo como caixa de ferramentas são exploradas após situar o papel do direito diante do processo de seleção de ferramentas sob as óticas da política e da gestão pública, fixando uma estratégia diagnóstica, para avaliar a consistência de arranjos jurídicos em curso, e uma estratégia prognóstica, para projetar combinações de ferramentas que produzam incentivos adequados. Essas estratégias são potencializadas por meio de uma associação aos métodos de experimentalismo, incrementalismo e minimalismo institucional. This study seeks to contribute to the approximation of Administrative Law with its practice and achieved results, as an instrument for the realization of predefined purposes. In this way are investigated not just the interfaces between Administrative Law, economics and political science, but mainly with management science. Therefore, the Administrative Law is metaphorically taken as a toolbox that brings together instruments with different capacities. Based on the new institutional economics, institutional legal design is focused as a way of guiding the selection, combination and management of Administrative Law tools according to the incentives they may generate to fulfill tasks as required. Administrative Law toolbox strategies are explored after faced with tools selection approach given by politics and public management, so establishing a diagnostic strategy to evaluate the consistency of legal arrangements in progress and a prognostic strategy to design tools combinations to produce adequate incentives. These strategies are leveraged through an association with methods of institutional experimentalism, incrementalism and minimalism.
The Threat of Exclusion and Implicit Contracting
Authors: Brown Martin , Serra-Garcia Marta 
Published: November 2016

Implicit contracts can mitigate moral hazard in labor, credit, and product markets. The enforcement mechanism underlying an implicit contract is the threat of exclusion: the agent fears that he will lose future income if the principal breaks off the relationship. This threat may be very weak in environments where an agent can appropriate income-generating resources provided by the principal. For example, in credit markets with weak creditor protection, borrowers may be able to appropriate borrowed funds and generate investment income without requiring further loans. We examine implicit contracting in a lending experiment where the threat of exclusion is exogenously varied. We find that weak exclusion undermines implicit contracting: it leads to a more frequent breakdown of credit relationships as well as to smaller loans. Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2572 . This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
The Orpington Prognostic Scale: a predictive tool for discharge destination and outcomes in stroke survivors admitted to a hyperacute stroke unit
Authors: Mohapatra Sushmita , Jones Amy 
Published: November 2016

Background/Aims: Accurate assessment of severity of impairment and prediction of prognosis following stroke are important for determining a patient's rehabilitation needs. This study investigates the predictive ability of the Orpington Prognostic Scale, administered within 72 hours of stroke onset, in determining discharge destination and outcomes from a hyperacute stroke unit. Methods Prospective data were collected from 219 patients with confirmed diagnosis of stroke admitted to a hyperacute stroke unit. Initial Orpington Prognostic Scale scores were compared to discharge destination at 72 hours. The predictive ability of the scale was analysed using logistic regression and multivariate analysis. Results A low score (<3.2) on the Orpington Prognostic Scale had a high positive predictive value (88.63%) for discharge home, while a high score (>3.2) had a high positive predictive value for further inpatient management (98.39%). The scale showed good predictive ability (odds ratio 27.691, 95% CI 9.852–77.825) for outcome after admission to the hyperacute stroke unit. This was independent of age, gender, type and site of stroke, previous social support and co-morbidity. Conclusions The Orpington Prognostic Scale could be a valuable tool for predicting discharge destination from a hyperacute stroke unit by early identification of rehabilitation needs 72 hours after stroke following the initial screening. Patients with low scores are highly likely to go home with or without support / therapy, whereas high scorers will require further input in an inpatient setting.
Analysis of the Tourism Activities in the Protected Natural Areas of Vrancea County
Authors: Stănilă Andreea Georgiana , Barbu Constantin Ionuț 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Vrancea County, through its specific physical-geographical region of Romania is replete with natural elements with unique value. The diversity of species and natural habitats, the high density of large carnivores are the main reasons that led to the establishment of protected natural areas. As regards the Natura 2000 European network, in the county were declared a number of 11 Sites of Community Importance and Sites of Special Protection 3 as a reconfirmation of the value of biodiversity. These have given rise to some touristic activities becoming tourist attraction places for nature lovers. The presence of tourists in a protected area can threaten the environment, but if tourism is managed according to sustainability principles can bring a number of benefits to both the environment and local communities. From this point of view, Vrancea stays at tourist underdevelopment, so economical, due to poor promotion nationally and underinvestment. Thanks to the initiative of associations and relevant organizations were implemented European sustainable development programs that have had a real impact on protected areas in Vrancea County. The results obtained have resulted in actions for biodiversity conservation, tourism planning of the territory and contribute to increased quality of life for local communities. These projects are proof that this region of the country presents all the strengths to develop ecotourism plan.
Model-based glycaemic control: methodology and initial results from neonatal intensive care
Authors: Dickson Jennifer L. , Chase J. Geoffrey , Lynn Adrienne , Shaw Geoffrey M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractVery/extremely premature infants often experience glycaemic dysregulation, resulting in abnormally elevated (hyperglycaemia) or low (hypoglycaemia) blood glucose (BG) concentrations, due to prematurity, stress, and illness. STAR-GRYPHON is a computerised protocol that utilises a model-based insulin sensitivity parameter to directly tailor therapy for individual patients and their changing conditions, unlike other common insulin protocols in this cohort. From January 2013 to January 2015, 13 patients totalling 16 hyperglycaemic control episodes received insulin under STAR-GRYPHON. A significant improvement in control was achieved in comparison to a retrospective cohort, with a 26% absolute improvement in BG within the targeted range and no hypoglycaemia. This improvement was obtained predominantly due to the reduction of hyperglycaemia (%BG>10.0 mmol/l: 5.6 vs. 17.7%, p<0.001), and lowering of the median per-patient BG [6.9 (6.1–7.9) vs. 7.8 (6.6–9.1) mmol/l, p<0.001, Mann-Witney U test]. While cohort-wide control results show good control overall, there is high intra-patient variability in BG behaviour, resulting in overly conservative treatments for some patients. Patient insulin sensitivity differs between and within patients over time, with some patients having stable insulin sensitivity, while others change rapidly. These results demonstrate the trade-off between safety and performance in a highly variable and fragile cohort.
Editorial for the special issue: “Novel solutions or novel approaches in Operational Research”
Authors: Dumičić Ksenija , Stirn Lidija Zadnik , Žerovnik Janez 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The special issue of Business Systems Research (SI of BSR) is co-published by the Slovenian Society INFORMATIKA – Section for Operational Research (SSI – SOR) and contains developments and new techniques in operations research (OR) models and their practical uses in various fields of business and economics. Seven papers that investigate developments and new techniques in operations research (OR) models and their practical uses in various fields of business and economics have been selected for this SI of BSR.