bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wagner and Paris: The Case of Rienzi (1869)
Authors: Everist Mark 
Published: July 2017

The French reception of Wagner is often based on the two pillars of the 1861 Tannhäuser production and that of Lohengrin in 1891. Sufficient is now known about the composer's earliest attempt to engage with Parisian music drama around 1840 to be able to understand his work on Das Liebesverbot, Rienzi, Der fliegende Holländer, his editorial and journalistic work for Schlesinger, and his emerging relationship with key figures in Parisian musical life, Meyerbeer most notably. A clearer picture is also beginning to emerge of Wagner's position in French cultural life and letters in the 1850s.
Wagner's position in Paris during the 1860s, culminating in the production of Rienzi at the Théâtre- Lyrique in 1869, is however complex, multifaceted, and little understood. Although there were no staged versions of his operas between 1861 and 1869, the very existence of a successful Parisian premiere for an opera by Wagner in 1869—given that there would be almost nothing for two decades after 1870—is remarkable in itself. The 1860s furthermore saw the emergence of a coherent voice of Wagnérisme, the presence of French Wagnéristes at the composer's premieres all over Europe and a developing discourse in French around them. This may be set against a continuing tradition of performing extracts of Wagner's operas throughout the 1860s, largely through the energies of Jules Pasdeloup, who—as director of the Théâtre-Lyrique—was responsible for the 1869 Rienzi as well.
These competing threads in the skein of Wagner-reception in the 1860s are tangled in a narrative of increasingly tense Franco-German cultural and political relationships in which Wagner, his works, and his writings, played a key role. The performance of Rienzi in 1869 was embedded in responses to the Prussian-Austrian War of 1866, the republication of Das Judenthum in der Musik in 1869, and the beginnings of the Franco-Prussian War.
Corrupción en las empresas y la evasión tributaria del IVA en Colombia: un método alternativo de medición
Authors: Sierra Rincón Olga , Vargas Noy Yamile 
Published: July 2017

<p>Este trabajo plantea una propuesta metodológica para estimar la evasión tributaria del IVA en Colombia para el año 2010, utilizando la información exógena suministrada por la Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales - DIAN. El método empleado es el potencial teórico, método que contrasta el comportamiento macroeconómico (<em>potencial - teórico</em>), frente a las cifras de la administración tributaria <em>(observado</em>). Como teórico se tomó la información que genera el Departamento Nacional de Estadística - DANE, información macroeconómica de las compras y las ventas no exentas de hogares y empresas dentro de las cuentas nacionales proveniente de la Matriz Insumo-Producto (MIP), esta se contrasta con la MIP-DIAN desarrollada desde la información exógena de la DIAN. Las diferencias en los coeficientes permiten identificar las divisiones económicas con mayor evasión en IVA, aportando a la definición de acciones y políticas de fiscalización tributaria en IVA, que contribuyan a hacer frente a la corrupción de las empresas en Colombia.</p>
Diferencias de género en la edad del primer matrimonio: una evidencia desde los modelos de búsqueda marital para Colombia
Authors: Ríos Piñerez Wilmer 
Published: July 2017

<p>Resumen</p><p>Este estudio pretende establecer de qué manera la decisión de casarse se ve afectada por un entorno socioeconómico familiar que favorece la acumulación de capital humano y por la transición hacia el rol económico de la adultez. Se evalúa si las diferencias de género en las características de entrada al matrimonio disminuyen a medida que se reducen las diferencias en el estatus económico de hombres y mujeres. Con este propósito, se estima un modelo de duración de la búsqueda marital para evaluar si estas variables explican la decisión de hombres y mujeres colombianos de casarse o comenzar uniones de hecho a determinada edad. Mayores posibilidades de educación e inserción laboral femenina reducen las diferencias en el comportamiento matrimonial entre hombres y mujeres generando incentivos a postergar las uniones.</p><p>Abstract</p><p>This study aims to establish how the decision to marry is affected by family socio-economic environment that favors the accumulation of human capital and the economic role transition to adulthood. It also evaluates whether gender differences in the characteristics of entry into marriage decrease as the differences are reduced in the economic status of men and women. To this end, a duration model of marital search is fit to assess whether these variables explain the decision of Colombian men and women to get married or begin de facto unions at a certain age. It is found that higher educational opportunities and job placement reduces the differences in marital behavior between men and women generating, in both cases, incentives to delay marriages as predicted by marital search models.</p>
A Large Deletion in the NSDHL Gene in Labrador Retrievers with a Congenital Cornification Disorder
Authors: Bauer Anina , De Lucia Michela , Jagannathan Vidhya , Mezzalira Giorgia , Casal Margret L , Welle Monika M , Leeb Tosso 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In heterozygous females affected by an X-linked skin disorder, lesions often appear in a characteristic pattern, the so-called Blaschko’s lines. We investigated a female Labrador Retriever and her crossbred daughter, which both showed similar clinical lesions that followed Blaschko’s lines. The two male littermates of the affected daughter had died at birth, suggesting a monogenic X-chromosomal semidominant mode of inheritance. Whole genome sequencing of the affected daughter, and subsequent automated variant filtering with respect to 188 nonaffected control dogs of different breeds, revealed 332 hetero-zygous variants on the X-chromosome private to the affected dog. None of these variants was protein-changing. By visual inspection of candidate genes located on the X-chromosome, we identified a large deletion in the NSDHL gene, encoding NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like, a 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. The deletion spanned &gt;14 kb, and included the last three exons of the NSDHL gene. By PCR and fragment length analysis, we confirmed the presence of the variant in both affected dogs, and its absence in 50 control Labrador Retrievers. Variants in the NSDHL gene cause CHILD syndrome in humans, and the bare patches (Bpa) and striated (Str) phenotypes in mice. Taken together, our genetic data and the known role of NSDHL in X-linked skin disorders strongly suggest that the identified structural variant in the NSDHL gene is causative for the phenotype in the two affected dogs.
KETERKAITAN SEKTOR PERIKANAN DALAM PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN MODEL INPUT-OUTPUT
Authors: Tajerin Tajerin , Yusuf Risna , Sastrawidjaja Sastrawidjaja , Asnawi Asnawi 
Published: July 2017

Keterkaitan sektor perikanan dalam perekonomian nasional akan menentukan peran strategis sektor tersebut dalam pembangunan perikanan dan pemulihan perekonomian nasional. Untuk itu telah dilakukan kajian mengenai keterkaitan sektor perikanan ”dalam arti luas” dengan menggunakan metode analisis keterkaitan ke belakang (backward lingkage) dan ke depan (forward lingkage) berdasarkan pendekatan model input output. Data yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah data sekunder dari table input output tahun 1990, 1995 dan 2000. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa selama periode 1990-2000, secara rata-rata keterkaitan sektor perikanan dalam perekonomian nasional masih relatif lemah dengan indeks keterkaitan berkisar sebesar 0,46-1,10. Kecenderungan penguatan keterkaitan ke belakang terjadi pada perikanan darat, sedangkan penguatan keterkaitan ke depan terjadi pada industri pengolahan dan pengawetan ikan. Selain itu, keterkaitan antara kelompok perikanan primer (perikanan laut dan perikanan darat) dan kelompok perikanan sekunder (industri pengeringan dan penggaraman ikan dan industri pengolahan dan pengawetan ikan) lebih mencerminkan keterkaitan ke depan berupa aliran pasokan komoditas ikan untuk bahan baku. Namun keterkaitan itu masih relatif lemah dan cenderung semakin lemah. Tittle: Fisheries Sector Linkages in The National Economy: An Input-Output Approach.Fisheries sector linkage in National Economy will determine the strategic roles of the sector for its development and National Economic recovery. In line with this, a study was conducted to determine backward and forward linkage of the sector using input output model approach. Secondary data were used, that are input output tables of the year 1990, 1995 and 2000. The results of the study showed that during the period of 1990 - 2000, the average linkage of these sector in National economy are relatively weak with the index of linkage approximately of 0,46 - 1,10.Stronger backward linkage was observed in inland fisheries, while stronger forward linkage demonstrated on industrial fish processing and preservation. The linkage of primary fisheries group (sea and inland fisheries) to the secondary fisheries group (industrial fish processing) indicating the forward linkage such as fish supply as raw materials. However, the linkage is relatively weak.
Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities: Surgical Margins Can Be Close as Long as the Resected Tumor Has No Ink on It
Authors: Harati Kamran , Goertz Ole , Pieper Andreas , Daigeler Adrien , Joneidi-Jafari Hamid , Niggemann Hiltrud , Stricker Ingo , Lehnhardt Marcus 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) arising in the extremities pose a therapeutic challenge due to concerns of functional morbidity. Resections with negative margins are the mainstay of therapy, but the prognostic significance of surgical margins remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic impact of surgical margins and clear margin widths in patients with STS of the extremities.

Materials and Methods
We assessed the relationship between local recurrence-free (LRFS), disease-specific (DSS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) and potential prognostic factors retrospectively in a consecutive series of 643 patients treated at our institution between 1996 and 2016. Potential prognostic factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
The median follow-up time after primary diagnosis was 5.4 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.8–6.0). The five-year estimates of the DSS, LRFS, and MFS rates in the entire cohort were 85.3% (95% CI: 81.6–88.3), 65.3% (95% CI: 60.8–69.5) and 78.0% (95% CI: 74.1–81.4), respectively. Histological grade and the quality of surgical margins were independent prognostic factors of all three survival endpoints (LRFS, DSS, MFS) in multivariate analyses. Within the R0 subgroup, univariate and multivariate analyses of categorized (≤1 mm vs. 1–5 mm vs. &gt;5 mm) and non-categorized margin widths revealed that close and wide negative margins led to similar outcomes. Adjuvant radiation improved local control independently, but not DSS and MFS.

Conclusion
Microscopically negative margins were associated with better LRFS, DSS, and MFS regardless of whether adjuvant radiation was applied. Here, surgical margins can be close as long as the resected tumor has no ink on it.
Development of Palliative Care in China: A Tale of Three Cities
Authors: Yin Zhenyu , Li Jinxiang , Ma Ke , Ning Xiaohong , Chen Huiping , Fu Haiyan , Zhang Haibo , Wang Chun , Bruera Eduardo , Hui David 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
China is the most populous country in the world, but access to palliative care is extremely limited. A better understanding of the development of palliative care programs in China and how they overcome the barriers to provide services would inform how we can further integrate palliative care into oncology practices in China. Here, we describe the program development and infrastructure of the palliative care programs at three Chinese institutions, using these as examples to discuss strategies to accelerate palliative care access for cancer patients in China.

Methods
Case study of three palliative care programs in Chengdu, Kunming, and Beijing.

Results
The three examples of palliative care delivery in China ranged from a comprehensive program that includes all major branches of palliative care in Chengdu, a program that is predominantly inpatient-based in Kunming, and a smaller program at an earlier stage of development in Beijing. Despite the numerous challenges related to the limited training opportunities, stigma on death and dying, and lack of resources and policies to support clinical practice, these programs were able to overcome many barriers to offer palliative care services to patients with advanced diseases and to advance this discipline in China through visionary leadership, collaboration with other countries to acquire palliative care expertise, committed staff members, and persistence.

Conclusion
Palliative care is limited in China, although a few comprehensive programs exist. Our findings may inform palliative care program development in other Chinese hospitals.
Linear Optical properties of Pheomelanine pigment extraction from red wool
Authors: Obeid Mohammed , Hussain Waleed , Radhi Wisam , Jabir Abduljabar , Abd-Alammam Dhiaa 
Published: July 2017

The aims of this research are the extract of Pheomelanine pigment from red wool and prepared of it as a thin film by repeat-spray method. We study the optical properties of the Pheomelanine thin film such as the absorbance (A), Transmittance (T), absorption coefficient (α), refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k). We calculate the energy gap ( Eg), Urbach tail (Eu), oscillator energy (Eᵒ), dispersion energy (Ed), static refractive index (nᵒ), static dielectric constant (εᵒ) and spectra moments ( M-1 and M-3).
Measurement of ²²² Rn Concentrations in the Air of Qaysery Naqeeb Bazaar Located in Sulaimani Governorate of Kurdistan Region-Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Kamal , Ahmed Ali , Ahmed Salahaddin 
Published: July 2017

In this study the level of 222Rn concentration at 35 positions in air of the big ancientfamous bazaar (Qaysery Naqeeb) which contains 110 shops and located in the center ofSulaimani city have been assessed. During the winter and summer seasons of 2014, 222Rnconcentrations have been measured by using (CR-39) solid state nuclear detector. Inwinter, the maximum and minimum values of 222Rn concentration were(206.901±10.958) Bq/mᵌ and (44.978±5.109) Bq/mᵌ respectively, with an average valueof (132.849± 8.780)Bq/mᵌ; while in summer the maximum and minimum values of 222Rnconcentrations were (255.476± 25.809) Bq/mᵌ and (99.852± 6.306) Bq/mᵌ ,respectively,with an average value of (158.215± 12.578)Bq/mᵌ, this difference reveals the role ofhigher temperature and humidity rates in the variation of radon concentrations were highradon concentrations corresponds to high temperature and low humidity rates. In severalpositions the obtained values were nearly within the acceptable range of radon levelrecommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection and the limitrecommended by World Health Organization (WHO), but in the most other positionsthese limits were exceeded due to the structures of material building and lack ofventilation. The effect of temperature on radon concentration was also observed.
The Influence of Mulching and GA3+Iron Mixture on Head Folding,Bitterness and Quality of Produced Seeds of Lettuce Lactuca sativa var. Longifolia cv. Marul.
Authors: Mahmood Chinur , Abdel Caser 
Published: July 2017

This study was carried out during the period between November, 2013 and August, 2014
to decrease unfolding, bitterness and tip burns through adopting a new screening method
and to produce lettuce seeds and head yields of high qualities. Seeds and plants raised
from them were treated with mixtures of [0 and 10 mg.l-1 GA3 + 25 mg.l-1 Fe, 10 mg.l-1
GA3 + 50 mg.l-1 Fe and 10 mg.l-1 GA3+ 75mg.l-1 Fe]. Plants grown on mulched and
unmulched soils. Mulched soil plants displayed superiority over bare soil in terms:
number of unfolded leaves, stem length and leaves number by 48.75, 110.85 and
22.23%, respectively. However, unmulched soil bypassed mulched soil in T.S.S. and dry
matter percentages of folded leaves, unfolded leaves, stem and folded leaf base (23.96,
19.41, 30.59, 22.17, 18.52, 28.6, 18.54 and 27.24%, respectively). Lettuce grown on
mulched soil revealed superiority over that grown on bare soil in N content of folded and
unfolded leaves (23.1 and 68.75%, respectively), K content of folded leaves, stem and
folded leaf base (57.85, 42.02 and 24.43%, respectively), Fe content of stem and folded
leaf base (106.11 and 54.02 g.kg-1, respectively), Ca content of folded leaves, unfolded
leaves, stem and folded leaf base (424.09, 235.96, 206.02 and 296.78%, respectively). 10
mg.l-1 GA3 + 75 mg.l-1 Fe displayed preponderance over untreated plants in head fresh
weight (26.43%), head yield (26.16%), TSS (15.52%), branches number after chopping
(92.9%), branch heights (66.98%) leaf number (30.82%), B content of folded leaves and
stem (143.23 and 57.89%, respectively), N content of the folded leaf base (49.73%), K
content of folded leaves (7.15%), Fe content of stem (152.14%) and Cu content of stem
(39.54%). Lettuce plant treated by 10 mg.l-1 GA3 + 50 mg.l-1 Fe grown on mulched soil
overwhelmed other dual interaction treatments as it showed the highest values in head
fresh weight (821 g), head yield.m-2 (4.93 kg), weight of folded leaves (483.75 g),
number of unfolded leaves (23.75) and weight of unfolded leaves (335 g).
Floquet Theory for Stability of Differential Algebraic Equations.
Authors: Yasir Kamal , Kadem Hassan 
Published: July 2017

Motivated by a great useful of some types of non autonomous differential algebraic
equation systems ( so called strangeness free ) and its applied in different scientific
fields, we present several new results for studying such systems by classical Floquet
Theory, which we extended from linear periodic ordinary differential equation systems
into linear periodic differential algebraic equation systems. For both systems we
investigate that they have the same Floquet exponents. The relation between monodromy
matrices of both systems is also presented. Classification of solution according to the
nature of Floquet exponent is established. Then according to these results, we study the
stability and bifurcation phenomenon of our differential algebraic equation systems.
Numerical Solution of Fractional Differential Equations by using Fractional Spline Functions.
Authors: HamaSalh Faraidun , Muhammad Pshtiwan 
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we consider a new suitable lacunary fractional interpolation with the idea
of the spline function of polynomial form, and the method applied to solve linear
fractional differential equations. The results obtained are in good agreement with the
exact analytical solutions and the numerical results presented by two examples, results
also show that the technique introduced here is robust and easy to apply.
Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Corner Beam-Column Joints Subjected to Damage.
Authors: Aziz Zana , Abdulkadir Mohamed 
Published: July 2017

Important structural properties related to strength and deformations of corner beam- column joints damaged and strengthened were studied in this investigation. For this purpose a total of 18 corner beam-column joints divided into five groups were cast and tested. The cross sections were 150mm X 200mm and 150mm X 250mm for the beam and column, respectively. The legs of each beam and column were 900mm. Group1 specimens were consisted of two control specimens tested to failure. Other groups specimens each consisted of four specimens, two of which were tested up to first crack loading and the other two were tested up to 80% of the expected ultimate load. After preloading, the damaged specimens were strengthened in such a way that Group2 were strengthened with strip of CFRP, Group3 with steel plate strip, Group4 with ferrocement, and Group5 with full CFRP sheets. After strengthening process, the strengthened specimens were retested to failure. The test results indicated that the process of the rehabilitations is successful. After strengthening, the ultimate load was increased by 38.3, 4.25, 6.3, and 42.5 % for Group2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The stiffness of the strengthened specimens increased compared to the control specimens. The better strengthening technique was those specimens strengthened with full CFRP sheets. The effect of cracking due to preloading on the flexural behavior of strengthened beam- column joint was found to be insignificant.
Classification Performance Enhancement for Students Realisation Model
Authors: Rashid Tarik 
Published: July 2017

This research work aims at enhancing a classification task for student’s realisation model
at Salahadin University, Hawler, Kurdistan. 1000 records of data from different colleges
and departments at Salahadin University are collected to conduct this research work. The
collected data has been pre-processed, cleaned, filtered, normalized, then after, feature
selection techniques are applied to reduce the dimensionally of the data, finally a
classification task is carried out to find the realization of students. The results show that a
model of Support Vector Machine +Genetic Algorithm + Artificial Neural Network
produces promising results than other models.
Soil Pollution Assessment from Industrial Area of Erbil City
Authors: Khudhur Shelan , Khudhur Nashmeel 
Published: July 2017

Present study assessed soil pollution by heavy metals and spent oil in three industrial
areas of Erbil City. Soil pH ranged from 7.53±0.017 to 8.25±0.012 and EC was ranged
between 103±0.882 and 465±9.955. Soils textures were loamy sand for south industry,
sandy for oil selling area and north industry while loamy for control soil. The ranges of
Pb, Zn and Ni were between 1.26±0.069 and 17.472±0.058; 1.439±0.006 and
3.078±0.003, and 0.399±0.061 and 0.982±0.048 ppm, respectively. The concentrations
of Cd and Cr were below the detection limit and Cu levels varied from 10.307±0.334
to 0.063±0.003 ppm, whereas Cu was not detected in some sites. The highest oil
residue was obtained in site 6. Oil and grease content for the groundwater samples in
the studied sites were zero. Pearson’s correlation showed a significant positive
correlation between Ni and moisture content and Ni and bulk density, beside to a
moderate correlation between Pb and Zn. A high significant negative correlation was
detected between bulk density and oil content. The lateral distribution of the heavy
metals and oil residues showed higher average concentrations at the point of impact
than 20 meters away. Relative Pollution Potential gave positive values for the metals
and oil contents in all sites.
Solving Two-dimensional Linear Volterra-Fredholm Integral Equations of the Second Kind by Using Series Solution Methods
Authors: Saeed Rostam , Berdawood Karzan 
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we focus on obtaining an approximate solution of the two types of two-
dimensional linear Volterra-Fredhom integral equations of the second kind. Series

solution method is reformulated and applied with different bases functions for finding
an approximate solution (sometimes the exact solution) for the above two types of
integral equations. This is done by computer program with the aid of the Maple code
program version 13 for all the above prescribed methods. Furthermore, we proved
some theoretical results on the convergence analysis of the presented methods.