bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota‐directed dietary factors enhance exercise performance in mice
Authors: Wang Hongchao , Yan Huimin , Zhu Jinlin , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei , Lu Wenwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of dietary interventions targeting gut microbiota on exercise performance in mice. Analysis of the gut microbiota of individuals with varying levels of physical activity revealed enrichment of Eubacterium rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the active population. Through in vitro fecal fermentation experiments, dietary factor combinations that promote the abundance of these bacteria were identified. Dietary interventions, including E. rectale supplementation, FAG combination (gavage of Fructus Arctii extract, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides, and galactooligosaccharides mixture), and CFG combination (gavage of curcumin, Fructus Arctii extract, and galactooligosaccharides mixture), significantly improved mouse exercise performance, increased glycogen accumulation, regulated serum biochemical parameters, and increased short‐chain fatty acid and fatty acid amide levels in feces. Metagenomic sequencing revealed alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Fecal metabolome analysis highlighted changes in metabolites related to lipids, organic acids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. These findings suggest that E. rectale and dietary interventions positively affect exercise performance by modulating the gut microbiota and associated metabolites.
Mangiferin: An effective agent against human malignancies
Authors: Irshad Nimra , Naeem Hammad , Shahbaz Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Mujtaba Ahmed , Hussain Muzzamal , Al Abdulmonem Waleed , Alsagaby Suliman A. , Yehuala Tadesse Fenta , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Ghoneim Mohammed M. , Mostafa Ehab M. , Selim Samy , Al Jaouni Soad K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMangiferin is a bioactive substance present in high concentration in mangoes and also in some other fruits. Owing to its potential as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent against several types of cancer, this unique, significant, and well‐researched polyphenol has received a lot of attention recently. It possesses the ability to treat cancers, including rectal cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, leukemia, gastric cancer, liver cancer, chronic pancreatitis, and lung cancer. It can control/regulate multiple key signaling pathways, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), second mitochondria‐derived activator of caspases/direct inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP)‐binding protein with low propidium iodide (pl) (Smac/DIABLO) nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein 3 kinase (PI3K/Akt), transforming growth factor beta/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (TGF‐β/SMAD), c‐jun N‐terminal kinase/p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (JNK/p38‐MAPK), and phosphor‐I kappa B kinase (p‐IκB), which are crucial to the development of cancers. By triggering apoptotic signals and halting the advancement of the cell cycle, it can also prevent some cancer cell types from proliferating and developing. It has been revealed that mangiferin targets a variety of adhesion molecules, cytokines, pro‐inflammatory transcription factors, kinases, chemokines, growth factors, and cell‐cycle proteins. By means of preventing the onset, advancement, and metastasis of cancer, these targets may mediate the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of mangiferin. Mangiferin has confirmed potential benefits in lung, cervical, breast, brain, and prostate cancers as well as leukemia whether administered alone or in combination with recognized anticancer compounds. More clinical trials and research investigations are required to completely unleash the potential of mangiferin, which may lower the risk of cancer onset and act as a preventive and therapeutic alternative for a number of cancers.
Pediatric Fibromatosis Lacks the Internal Tandem Duplication of EGFR Seen in Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma
Authors: Chami Rose , Marrano Paula , Thorner Paul S. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTClassical and mixed congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) are characterized by an internal tandem duplication (ITD) of the EGFR gene, in contrast to cellular CMN that usually harbors an ETV6::NTRK3 gene fusion. This same fusion occurs in infantile fibrosarcoma, and this tumor can be considered as the soft tissue equivalent of cellular CMN. A soft tissue equivalent of classic/mixed CMN remains undefined at the genetic level. Since classical CMN resembles fibromatosis of soft tissue histologically, we asked whether fibromatosis in children might show EGFR ITD. ITD was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction and primers for exons 18 and 25 of the EGFR gene. Seven of the eight cases of classical or mixed CMN were positive by this approach, but none of the five cellular CMNs. Of 11 cases of fibromatosis (six plantar, two digital, and three desmoid), none were positive for EGFR ITD. Within the limits of this small study, we conclude that pediatric fibromatosis is likely not characterized by EGFR ITD. There are isolated reports of pediatric soft tissue tumors that harbor EGFR ITD, but these have the appearance of infantile fibrosarcoma or mixed CMN rather than fibromatosis. We did not find any such cases, since all 14 cases of infantile fibrosarcoma in our study had an ETV6::NTRK3 fusion. The soft tissue tumors with EGFR ITD are not a morphologic match for the low‐grade histology of classical CMN. Whether they have a similar favorable biology or behave more like fibrosarcoma with an ETV6::NTRK3 fusion or an alternative fusion involving other kinases remains to be determined.
Molecular Analysis of Renal/Adrenal Angiosarcomas Reveals High Frequency of Recurrent Genetic Alterations
Authors: Argani Pedram , Saoud Carla , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAngiosarcomas of the kidney and adrenal gland are rare, highly aggressive vascular neoplasms. Their genomic profile has not been systematically studied to date. We report the clinicopathologic and molecular features of six angiosarcomas centered in the kidney/adrenal gland. All patients were male adults, ranging from 58 to 77 years of age. Tumor sizes ranged from 2.5 to 22.5 cm. Half of the cases demonstrated hot spot mutations in the KDR gene, while one‐third demonstrated mutations in the PIK3CA gene; both of these gene alterations being previously described, preferentially in breast angiosarcomas. In addition, two cases each demonstrated BRIP1 gene amplification, CTNNB1 and ETV6 mutations, which have not been previously reported in angiosarcoma. Notably, molecular studies were critical in establishing the correct diagnoses in three cases: one was an epithelioid angiosarcoma originally misdiagnosed as metastatic adenocarcinoma to the adrenal gland, the second was a vasoformative angiosarcoma that mimicked hemangioma, and the third was a collision tumor between a high‐grade angiosarcoma and a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma which was originally diagnosed as a sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. In summary, angiosarcomas of the kidney and adrenal gland have a high frequency of recurrent genetic alterations, some of them being shared with other angiosarcoma subtypes, while other appear to be novel. In particular, activating hot spot KDR and PIK3CA mutations represent potential therapeutic targets for these highly aggressive cancers.
Effects of coal mining disturbance on spatial and temporal distribution of soil water content in Northwest China‐based on 3D EBK model
Authors: Zhang Kai , Chen Mengyuan , Feng Shaokai , Chen Xiangyu , Yan Zhao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNorthwest China is both an important coal storage base and an ecologically fragile area, and soil water content (SWC) is a key factor limiting the ecological development of Northwest China. Revealing the characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution changes of soil water content in mining areas under coal mining disturbance and the influencing mechanism is crucial for the protection of water resources in mining areas. In this study, the soil water content (depth 0–1000 cm) of a typical coal mine subsidence area in the western part of Shendong Coal Group was monitored in situ for 1 year after mining, and the absolute value, variability, and spatial distribution of soil water content were temporally analysed by combining classical statistics, 2D Ordinary Kriging and 3D Empirical Bayesian kriging spatial interpolation. sequence analysis. The results showed that the shallow SWC (0 ~ 60 cm) was distributed horizontally in bands, and gradually increased along the direction from northwest to southeast; with the increase of coal mining time, the absolute value of SWC decreased by 0.81% ~ 33.58%, and the coefficient of variation decreased and then increased, with the range of variation from 2.19% ~ 34.49%. The deep SWC (100 ~ 1000 cm) was stratified vertically and increased with soil depth, and the shallow and deeper soil moisture would gradually migrate to the middle layer under the influence of coal mining. In addition, this paper accurately portrays the three‐dimensional spatial and temporal distribution of soil water content by the 3D EBK model, which further reveals the mechanism of coal mining's influence on soil water content. This study can provide technical and data support for predicting and evaluating the potential impacts of mining activities on the water cycle, and help mining areas to formulate policies for managing and protecting water resources.
Microsaccades Tracking by Secondary Speckle Pattern Analysis
Authors: Shteinberg Ola , Agdarov Sergey , Beiderman Yafim , Bonneh Yoram S. , Ziv Inbal , Kalyuzhner Zeev , Zalevsky Zeev 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTHere we propose a not pupil‐dependent microsaccades tracking technique and a novel detection method. We present a proof of concept for detecting microsaccades using a non‐contact laser‐based photonic system recording and processing the temporal changes of speckle patterns scattered from an eye sclera. The data, simultaneously recorded by the speckle‐based tracker (SBT) and the video‐based eye tracker (Eyelink), was analyzed by the frequently used detection method of Engbert and Kliegl (E&K) and by advanced machine learning detection (MLD) techniques. We detected 93% of microsaccades in the SBT data out of microsaccades detected in the Eyelink data with the E&K method. By utilizing MLD, a precision of 86% was achieved. The findings of our study demonstrate a potential improvement in measuring tiny eye movements, such as microsaccades, using speckle‐based eye tracking and, thus, an alternative to video‐based eye tracking for detecting microsaccades.
The model‐sizing dilemma: The use of varied female model sizes helps the impressions of brand values but hurts shopping ease
Authors: D'Angelo Jennifer K. , Ross Gretchen R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConsumer demand for size‐inclusive fashion is growing, including the call for clothing to be modeled in larger sizes. This call has prompted brands to decide how to model their clothing, in particular, on category pages (i.e., webpages where consumers compare different items). Should brands use varied model sizing, where clothing is presented using models of various sizes? Or should brands use traditionally thin models who are the same nonvaried model size? This research explores female consumers' responses to varied model sizing. Across five studies, we demonstrate a model‐sizing dilemma where female consumers rate impressions of brand values higher but rate shopping ease lower when brands use varied rather than nonvaried model sizing. We show the decrease in shopping ease is driven by lower perceptions of organization during the shopping experience. Importantly, we find that this dilemma can be mitigated by displaying varied model sizing in a more organized manner using hover and filter features.
Performance regulation of the TFC NF membrane via the introduction of oleic acid into different organic solvents
Authors: Lu Yandong , Ning Jiaxu , Zong Yue , Ding Fu , Liu Gaige , Zhang Ruijun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDTailored design of high‐performance nanofiltration membranes is desirable. The physicochemical properties of the organic phaseare essential for the preparation of nanofiltration membranes. Therefore, byfine‐tuning the organic phase, it is possible to achieve nanofiltrationmembranes with enhanced performance.RESULTSIn this work, oleic acid, a naturally extracted fatty acid, wasintroduced into three different organic solvents (n‐heptane, n‐octane andisopar G) to construct special oil phases for interfacial polymerization. Testingresults showed that proper dosage of oleic acid addition can effectivelydecrease the nanofiltration membrane pore size and enhance the salt rejectionregardless of the solvent type. Taking n‐octane as example, 5% oleic acidaddition in it can decrease the mean pore size from 0.500 nm to 0.341 nm and improve the MgSO4 rejection from 52.4% to 95.5%. Further characterizationindicated that the introduction of oleic acid into organic solvent cansignificantly reduce the interfacial tension and promote the diffusion of piperazinefrom aqueous phase to the oil phase. In addition, oleic acid could react with piperazineand produce some white particles that could be embed into the polyamide layer, thus altering the surface morphology.CONCLUSIONIn this work, a novel modified thin film composite nanofiltration membrane was prepared by a simple and controllable oleic acid assisted interfacial polymerization strategy, which exhibits good water permeability, solute selectivity and antifouling property. Without changing the existing process, our strategy opens up a simple, environmentally friendly and operable route for the synthesis of thin film composite nanofiltration membranes. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Effect of computer aided detection device on the adenoma detection rate and serrated detection rate among trainee fellows
Authors: Khouri Anas , Dickson Chance , Green Alvin , Hanjar Abrahim , Sonnier William 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) with computer‐aided detection (CADe) has the potential to increase the adenoma detection rate (ADR) by up to 30% in expert settings and specialized centers. The impact of CADe on serrated polyp detection rates (SDR) and academic trainees ADR & SDR remains underexplored. We aim to investigate the effect of CADe on ADR and SDR at an academic center with various levels of providers' experience.MethodsA single‐center retrospective analysis was conducted on asymptomatic patients between the ages of 45 and 75 who underwent screening colonoscopy. Colonoscopy reports were reviewed for 3 months prior to the introduction of GI Genius™ (Medtronic, USA) and 3 months after its implementation. The primary outcome was ADR and SDR with and without CADe.ResultsTotally 658 colonoscopies were eligible for analysis. CADe resulted in statistically significant improvement in SDR from 8.92% to 14.1% (P = 0.037). The (ADR + SDR) with CADe and without CADe was 58% and 55.1%, respectively (P = 0.46). Average colonoscopy (CSC) withdrawal time was 17.33 min (SD 10) with the device compared with 17.35 min (SD 9) without the device (P = 0.98).ConclusionIn this study, GI Genius™ was associated with a statistically significant increase in SDR alone, but not in ADR or (ADR + SDR), likely secondary to the more elusive nature of serrated polyps compared to adenomatous polyps. The use of CADe did not affect withdrawal time.
Machine learning for nanozyme development in anti‐inflammatory applications
Authors: Yu Yixin , Zhu Zhicheng , Zhang Ziqi , Liu Xinyu , Guo Yu , Chen Dehong , Zhu Zhiling 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) play pivotal roles in diverse physiological processes, exerting a significant influence on various organ systems within the human body. Recently, there has been a notable upswing in the design of nanomaterials based on natural enzymes with the ability to scavenge ROS. These nanomaterials hold promise as potent alternatives to conventional antioxidants. However, the conventional design of these materials has often relied on empirical and trial‐and‐error methods, posing challenges in capturing the intricate conformational relationships of nanozymes. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate rational design strategies and applications of nanozymes. Primarily, it advocates for an in‐depth exploration of nanozyme mechanisms to facilitate precise design. Four rational design strategies: biomimetic design, experimental laws‐driven design, computation‐driven design, and data‐driven design are scrutinized while considering their respective advantages, disadvantages, and application conditions. The review subsequently delves into the diverse applications of nanozymes across fields such as inflammatory diseases treatment, disease diagnosis, and environmental applications. Finally, the review outlines the challenges and prospects associated with the rational design of nanozymes while providing a comprehensive overview of this burgeoning area of research.
Cultural safety in radiation therapy education: Identifying knowledge deficits to improve Indigenous health practice
Authors: Naidoo Thashmira , Chamunyonga Crispen , Burbery Julie , Rutledge Peta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReducing health disparities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples requires the integration of cultural safety into healthcare education. This commentary paper addresses cultural safety in the context of the radiation therapy profession and emphasises the importance of making practitioners aware of the knowledge gaps in healthcare practice. The educational strategies to improve cultural awareness amongst undergraduate students and qualified radiation therapists (RTs) are explored. The authors propose a range of recommendations to enhance cultural awareness amongst RTs in the context of Indigenous Australian care, aimed at promoting improved experiences for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples receiving cancer care. Curriculum integration and development of initiatives such as workshops and interactive yarning groups are highlighted as pivotal platforms that foster continuous learning in radiation therapy.
Application of scoby bacterial cellulose as hydrocolloids on physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics of mango jam
Authors: Chong Ann Qi , Chin Nyuk Ling , Talib Rosnita A. , Basha Roseliza Kadir 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe scoby pellicle of symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast is a by‐product from kombucha fermentation. While a portion is used as starter culture, the remainder is often discarded, yet it can be a valuable source of bacterial cellulose.RESULTSScoby from black, green and oolong tea kombucha fermentation was assessed for its hydrocolloid effects in mango jam‐making through evaluation of physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics. Quality of jam was significantly improved with water activity reduction up to 22.22% to 0.679, moisture content reduction up to 37.06% to 19.92%, and a pH drop up to 5.9% to 3.19 with the use of 20 to 100 g kg−1 scoby. In colour analysis, presence of scoby led to a brighter jam due to higher values from 30.98 to a range of 31.82 to 40.83. Texture of jam with scoby gave higher gel strength and adhesiveness, with the most prominent effects from the black tea kombucha. Overall acceptability in sensory test scoring was above 70% on a nine‐point hedonic scale with the 40 g kg−1 green tea kombucha scoby jam chosen as the most preferred.CONCLUSIONScoby gave significant contributions to jam stability, appearance and texture, showing potential as a clean‐label food ingredient. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identifying freshness of various chilled pork cuts using rapid imaging analysis
Authors: Cheng Haoran , Li Jinglei , Yang Yulong , Zhou Gang , Xu Baocai , Yang Liu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDetermining the freshness of chilled pork is of paramount importance to consumers worldwide. Established freshness indicators such as total viable count, total volatile basic nitrogen and pH are destructive and time‐consuming. Color change in chilled pork is also associated with freshness. However, traditional detection methods using handheld colorimeters are expensive, inconvenient and prone to limitations in accuracy. Substantial progress has been made in methods for pork preservation and freshness evaluation. However, traditional methods often necessitate expensive equipment or specialized expertise, restricting their accessibility to general consumers and small‐scale traders. Therefore, developing a user‐friendly, rapid and economical method is of particular importance.RESULTSThis study conducted image analysis of photographs captured by smartphone cameras of chilled pork stored at 4 °C for 7 days. The analysis tracked color changes, which were then used to develop predictive models for freshness indicators. Compared to handheld colorimeters, smartphone image analysis demonstrated superior stability and accuracy in color data acquisition. Machine learning regression models, particularly the random forest and decision tree models, achieved prediction accuracies of more than 80% and 90%, respectively.CONCLUSIONOur study provides a feasible and practical non‐destructive approach to determining the freshness of chilled pork. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparing Line‐Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy on the In Vivo Healing Process of Lesions Induced by Fractional Photothermolysis
Authors: del Río‐Sancho Sergio , Christen‐Zaech Stephanie , Alvarez Martinez David , Pünchera Jöri , Merat Rastine , Laubach Hans Joachim 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe advent of ablative fractional photothermolysis has revolutionized laser dermatology by providing a method to produce well‐standardized, precise, and repeatable microscopic lesions. These wounds typically heal within 1–3 weeks, depending on the body site, with a minimal risk of permanent scarring. This positions ablative fractional photothermolysis as an exemplary in vivo model for studying the skin's wound healing processes.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two noninvasive imaging techniques, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT), in assessing skin wound healing following microscopic injuries induced by ablative fractional photothermolysis.MethodsThe forearms of participating volunteers were treated and ablated with a CO2‐Laser in a fractional pattern using varying power settings (2.5–10 mJ/MTZ). In vivo RCM and LC‐OCT images were obtained at predefined time intervals post‐laser treatment, ranging from 6 h to 14 days.ResultsVertical visualization of the lesions through both imaging modalities revealed a healing process characterized by the upward and outward movement of microscopic epidermal necrotic debris, thereby reducing the depth of the injury while forming an external crust. LC‐OCT imaging demonstrated more comprehensive results with fewer movement artifacts. Conversely, horizontal visualization with both techniques highlighted a gathering of keratinocytes around the wounds, indicating the initiation of the regenerative process. RCM provided superior image clarity in this horizontal plane.ConclusionsRCM and LC‐OCT offer valuable and complementary noninvasive alternatives to conventional biopsy methods for the assessment and characterization of the skin's wound healing process post‐ablative fractional photothermolysis. These findings underscore the potential of such imaging techniques in enhancing our understanding of the wound healing process.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05614557.