bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvic and Hip Kinematics During Walking in People With Patellofemoral Joint Osteoarthritis Compared to Healthy Age‐Matched Controls
Authors: Crossley Kay M. , Schache Anthony G. , Ozturk Hannah , Lentzos Jonathan , Munanto Melissa , Pandy Marcus G. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivePatellofemoral (PF) joint osteoarthritis (OA) is common, yet little is known about how this condition influences lower‐extremity biomechanical function. This study compared pelvis and lower‐extremity kinematics in people with and without PF joint OA.MethodsSixty‐nine participants (64% women, mean ± SD age 56 ± 10 years) with anterior knee pain aggravated by PF joint–loaded activities (e.g., stair ambulation, rising from sitting, or squatting) and radiographic lateral PF joint OA on skyline radiographs were compared with 18 controls (78% women, mean ± SD age 53 ± 7 years) with no lower‐extremity pain or radiographic OA. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) data were collected from participants with PF joint OA. Quantitative gait analyses were conducted during overground walking at a self‐selected speed. Pelvis and lower‐extremity kinematics were calculated across the stance phase. Data were statistically analyzed using analyses of covariance, with age and sex as covariates (P < 0.05).ResultsParticipants with PF joint OA reported a mean ± SD KOOS pain subscale score of 65 ± 15, KOOS symptoms subscale score of 63 ± 16, KOOS activities of daily living subscale score of 73 ± 13, KOOS sports/recreation subscale score of 45 ± 23, and KOOS quality of life subscale score of 43 ± 16. Participants with PF joint OA walked with greater anterior pelvic tilt throughout the stance phase, as well as greater lateral pelvic tilt (i.e., pelvis lower on the contralateral side), greater hip adduction, and lower hip extension during the late stance phase. No differences in knee and ankle joint angles were observed between groups.ConclusionPeople with PF joint OA walk with altered pelvic and hip movement patterns compared with aged‐matched controls. Restoring normal movement patterns during walking in people with PF joint OA may be warranted to help alleviate symptoms.
How Are Behavioral Theories Used in Interventions to Promote Physical Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis? A Systematic Review
Authors: Demmelmaier Ingrid , Iversen Maura D. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo identify the use of behavioral theories in physical activity interventions in populations with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThis review includes articles published in English between January 1, 1980 and November 8, 2015 in MEDLINE, Cochrane, and CINAHL, identified by a strategic literature search. Included studies were published in international peer‐reviewed journals, mentioned theory, evaluated a physical activity intervention for adults with RA, and had ≥1 physical activity variable as the outcome. References and reviews were also checked. Two investigators independently selected articles and extracted data using a validated scale, the theory coding scheme. Additional extracted data included author, sample characteristics, study design, physical activity outcomes, intervention type and duration, and control group.ResultsA total of 245 articles were identified, 211 articles and references were screened, and 29 articles were reviewed. Of these, 18 were excluded, leaving 11 articles with 1,472 participants (75% women). Ten studies (91%) were randomized controlled trials, 8 (73%) assessed physical activity plus self‐management, and 3 (27%) physical activity only. Program durations ranged from 5 weeks to 1 year. Eight studies (73%) used a single theory, 7 studies (64%) linked at least 1 intervention technique to theory, 2 studies (18%) analyzed mediating effects of theoretical constructs, and 5 studies (45%) discussed results in relation to theory.ConclusionFindings indicate that physical activity intervention studies claiming the use of behavioral theories use theory to a small extent. We suggest expanding theory use in design, evaluation, and interpretation of physical activity intervention results. Further, we recommend that future studies evaluate the most salient behavioral theories, interventions components, and delivery modes in RA populations.
Unexpected [2+2] Photocycloaddition between Enediyne Compounds in Solid State
Authors: Chen Shudan , Huang Binlei , Sun Shiyuan , Ding Yun , Hu Aiguo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEnediyne compounds generally undergo a Bergman cyclization reaction under photo‐irradiation conditions. In this study, we observed an unexpected [2+2] photo‐cycloaddition between enediyne compounds under photo‐irradiation conditions. The structure of the cycloaddition product was confirmed through NMR, HR‐MS and single crystal XRD analyses. The cycloaddition was only preferred when the reaction was conducted in the solid state or under highly concentrated conditions in the solution state. In contrast, the use of dilute conditions favored the Bergman cyclization. The concentration dependence of the enediyne substrate was further confirmed by EPR and MALDI‐TOF analyses of the products. Computational investigations showed that the initial step would involve the formation of a [4+4] dimer structure, which would be converted to the [2+2] product in the second step. Interestingly, the [2+2] reaction was found to be reversible back to the enediyne monomer, where it could undergo a photo‐Bergman cyclization under diluted conditions, thereby providing a new method for the formation of “masked” enediynes for further applications.
Characteristic of the acute drug intoxication conveyed by Kanagawa helicopter emergency medical service
Authors: Sugita Mariko , Higami Shigeo , Inoue Shigeaki , Morita Seiji , Nakagawa Yoshihide , Inokuchi Sadaki 
Published: April 2017

AimVarious critical cases have been transported since the use of the Kanagawa Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) started at Tokai University Hospital (Isehara, Japan) in 2002, including cases of acute poisoning. We analyzed the characteristics of acute poisoning cases conveyed by the HEMS.MethodsKanagawa HEMS conveyed 3,814 cases from July 2002 to March 2013, and acute drug and poison intoxication was diagnosed in 131 of these cases. We undertook a descriptive statistical study of these cases.ResultsThe causative agent was found to be psychiatric prescription drugs in 39.7% of cases, pesticides in 29.7%, alcohol in 8.4%, analgesics in 5.3%, detergent or bleach in 6.1%, oil, natural gas, or thinner in 4.6%, and others in 6.1%. At HEMS contact, systolic blood pressure was less than 90 mmHg in 18.3% of cases, and 40.2% were in coma. Endotracheal intubation was carried out in 44.5% of cases, and 6.9% died within 24 h of hospital admission. The cases of poisoning that we transported in the HEMS were often in shock and/or coma on arrival at the field, and rapid endotracheal intubation was required in nearly half of them, as many were in a serious condition.ConclusionWe believe that outcomes were more likely to be improved by appropriate early treatment by the HEMS. It will be necessary to further compare the ambulance service with the HEMS to evaluate their efficacy in the future.
A case of non‐cardiogenic pulmonary edema provoked by intravenous acetazolamide
Authors: Ono Yuichiro , Morifusa Makiko , Ikeda Satoru , Kunishige Chika , Tohma Yoshiki 
Published: April 2017

CaseA 61‐year‐old man was diagnosed with severe chest trauma after a car accident and had had difficulty in weaning from a ventilator because of flail chest and dilated cardiomyopathy. On the 17th day in the intensive care unit, he received i.v. acetazolamide to increase urine output. One hour after the injection, he suddenly developed severe hypoxia. Chest radiography revealed a butterfly shadow. He received other diuretics and a vasodilator, which seemed slowly to resolve the respiratory failure. Five days later, acetazolamide was again given and he experienced the same deterioration.OutcomeWe concluded that the episodes were attributed to pulmonary edema provoked by acetazolamide.ConclusionAcute non‐cardiogenic pulmonary edema is an uncommon and lethal adverse effect of acetazolamide. Careful attention may be warranted when administering acetazolamide to critically ill patients.
Unclicking the Click: Metal‐Assisted Mechanochemical Cycloreversion of Triazoles Is Possible
Authors: Krupička Martin , Dopieralski Przemyslaw , Marx Dominik 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe mechanochemical cycloreversion of 1,2,3‐triazole compounds, which serve as unusually stable building blocks in materials and biomolecular chemistry as a result of mild “click chemistry”, remains puzzling. We show that the hitherto discussed straight‐forward retro‐click mechanism of the 1,4‐disubstituted isomer, even if CuI catalyzed, can be ruled out in view of more favorable activation free energies of destructive pathways. In stark contrast, the 1,5‐regioiomer can undergo cycloreversion under rather mild mechanochemical conditions owing to its favorable response to the external force in conjunction with standard RuII catalysis.
Significant Enhancement of C2H2/C2H4 Separation by a Photochromic Diarylethene Unit: A Temperature‐ and Light‐Responsive Separation Switch
Authors: Fan Cong Bin , Le Gong Le , Huang Ling , Luo Feng , Krishna Rajamani , Yi Xian Feng , Zheng An Min , Zhang Le , Pu Shou Zhi , Feng Xue Feng , Luo Ming Biao , Guo Guo Cong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA dual temperature‐ and light‐responsive C2H2/C2H4 separation switch in a diarylethene metal–organic framework (MOF) is presented. At 195 K and 100 kPa this MOF shows ultrahigh C2H2/C2H4 selectivity of 47.1, which is almost 21.4 times larger than the corresponding value of 2.2 at 293 K and 100 kPa, or 15.7 times larger than the value of 3.0 for the material under UV at 195 K and 100 kPa. The origin of this unique control in C2H2/C2H4 selectivity, as unveiled by density functional calculations, is due to a guest discriminatory gate‐opening effect from the diarylethene unit.
K2ZnSn3Se8: A Non‐Centrosymmetric Zinc Selenidostannate(IV) Featuring Interesting Covalently Bonded [ZnSn3Se8]2− Layer and Exhibiting Intriguing Second Harmonic Generation Activity
Authors: Zhou Molin , Jiang Xingxing , Yang Yi , Guo Yangwu , Lin Zheshuai , Yao JJiyong , Wu Yicheng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNon‐centrosymmetric zinc selenidostannate(IV) K2ZnSn3Se8 was synthesized. It features interesting covalently bonded [ZnSn3Se8]2− layers with K+ cations filling in the interlayer voids. The phonon spectrum was calculated to clarify its structural stability. Based on the X‐ray diffraction data along with the Raman spectrum, the major bonding features of the title compound were identified. According to the UV/vis‐NIR spectroscopy, K2ZnSn3Se8 possesses a typical direct band gap of 2.10 eV, which is in good agreement with the band structure calculations. Moreover, our experimental measurements and detailed theoretical calculations reveal that K2ZnSn3Se8 is a new phase‐matchable nonlinear optical material with a powder second harmonic generation (SHG) signal about 0.6 times of that of AgGaS2.
Informationsaustausch in der Ektomykorrhiza
Authors: Kothe Erika , Krause Katrin 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Mykorrhiza hat in der Co‐Evolution beider Symbiosepartner eine spezifische Kommunikation entwickelt. Der Austausch anorganischer (durch den Pilz gelieferte Mineralstoffe und Wasser) und organischer Nährstoffe (durch den Baum bereitgestellte Zucker) bietet beiden Partnern Vorteile. Damit die Interaktion zustande kommt, werden Signale ausgetauscht, die zunächst aus den Wurzelexsudaten des Baums sowie Volatilen bestehen. Nach der Erkennung kann der Pilz mit spezifischen Effektoren wirksam die gegen Pathogene gerichtete Pflanzenantwort unterdrücken und so in die Wurzel einwachsen. In diesem Stadium sind für die Erkennung besonders Oberflächenproteine wie Hydrophobine der Pilzzellwand entscheidend. In der Wurzel können nicht nur Nährstoffe ausgetauscht, sondern auch Signale erkannt werden, die – wie das Auxin Indol‐3‐Essigssäure – als Phytohormon wirksam sein können und gleichzeitig die Morphologie des Pilzes beeinflussen. Daneben reagiert der Pilz in seinen den Boden durchziehenden Hyphen auf den Einfluss weiterer Bakterien und Pilze, die damit die Mykorrhizosphäre bilden.
Wie Bienen Blumen sehen
Authors: Lunau Klaus , Verhoeven Christian 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungFalschfarbenfotografie mit ultraviolettem, blauem und grünem Licht ermöglicht die Darstellung von Blüten aus Bienensicht. Mit dieser Methode lassen sich auch sehr kleine und feine Strukturen darstellen, die mit dem Spektrometer nicht gemessen werden können. Gleichzeitig werden durch die Falschfarben Farbkontraste von Blüten und Blütenfarbmuster bienensubjektiv richtig dargestellt und lassen sich so besser interpretieren.
Accuracy of circulating histones in predicting persistent organ failure and mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Liu T , Huang W , Szatmary P , Abrams S T , Alhamdi Y , Lin Z , Greenhalf W , Wang G , Sutton R , Toh C H 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background
Early prediction of acute pancreatitis severity remains a challenge. Circulating levels of histones are raised early in mouse models and correlate with disease severity. It was hypothesized that circulating histones predict persistent organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis.

Methods
Consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis fulfilling inclusion criteria admitted to Royal Liverpool University Hospital were enrolled prospectively between June 2010 and March 2014. Blood samples were obtained within 48 h of abdominal pain onset and relevant clinical data during the hospital stay were collected. Healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. The primary endpoint was occurrence of persistent organ failure. The predictive values of circulating histones, clinical scores and other biomarkers were determined.

Results
Among 236 patients with acute pancreatitis, there were 156 (66·1 per cent), 57 (24·2 per cent) and 23 (9·7 per cent) with mild, moderate and severe disease respectively, according to the revised Atlanta classification. Forty-seven healthy volunteers were included. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for circulating histones in predicting persistent organ failure and mortality was 0·92 (95 per cent c.i. 0·85 to 0·99) and 0·96 (0·92 to 1·00) respectively; histones were at least as accurate as clinical scores or biochemical markers. For infected pancreatic necrosis and/or sepsis, the AUC was 0·78 (0·62 to 0·94). Histones did not predict or correlate with local pancreatic complications, but correlated negatively with leucocyte cell viability (r = –0·511, P = 0·001).

Conclusion
Quantitative assessment of circulating histones in plasma within 48 h of abdominal pain onset can predict persistent organ failure and mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. Early death of immune cells may contribute to raised circulating histone levels in acute pancreatitis.
Iron and Cobalt Corroles in Solution and on Carbon Nanotubes as Molecular Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production by Water Reduction
Authors: Morales Vásquez Miguel A. , Hamer Mariana , Neuman Nicolás I. , Tesio Alvaro Y. , Hunt Andrés , Bogo Horacio , Calvo Ernesto J. , Doctorovich Fabio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHerein, we report the use of cobalt and iron corrole complexes as catalysts of H2O reduction to generate H2. Electro‐ and photocatalysis has been used in the case of dissolved corroles for water reduction with inspiring results. Carbon nanotubes doped with corroles were used as photo‐electrochemical catalysts, with very low overpotential values and increased hydrogen production; incredibly high turnover numbers and turnover frequencies of approximately 107 and 105, respectively, were achieved. Through this last process, we were able to obtain 1 mmol of H2 by using minuscule amounts of catalyst, in the order of picograms. The reactions can be performed in water, without the need for organic solvents. Remarkably, the photo‐electrochemical catalytic efficiency was increased by five orders of magnitude if the molecular catalysts were adsorbed onto carbon nanotubes.
Three‐Dimensional Nanocomposite of Iron‐Based Fluoride Loaded in N‐Doped Porous Carbon as a High‐Performance Cathode for Rechargeable Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Xiaopeng , Zhang Yongzhi , Meng Yan , Tan Guangqun , Ou Junke , Wang Yujue , Zhao Qian , Yuan Hongyan , Xiao Dan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIron‐based fluorides are considered to be some of the most promising candidate cathode materials for high‐performance Li‐ion batteries, owing to their large capacities and high working potential. In this work, a three‐dimensional (3D) hybrid nanocomposite of Fe2F5 ⋅ H2O (FF) loaded in N‐doped porous carbon (NPC) is successfully synthesized through a facile and scalable ionic‐liquid‐based precipitation followed by a mild heat treatment strategy. The 3D Fe2F5 ⋅ H2O@NPC (FFNPC) nanocomposite with a hierarchical framework utilized as a cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 185 mAh g−1 at 0.25 C (1 C=200 mA g−1) and 163 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C in the voltage range of 1.7–4.5 V (vs. Li/Li+) at room temperature. Moreover, the 3D FFNPC cathode shows robust long‐term cycling stability, maintaining 118 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles even at 2 C. The rate performance shows a specific capacity of 115 mAh g−1 at the high current rate of 5 C. The improved electrochemical properties of the 3D FFNPC cathode can be attributed to the combination of the small‐sized iron fluoride nanoparticles and the NPC matrix, which not only provides a large surface area for the reaction, but also shortens the diffusion length for Li+ and increases the electrical conductivity.
In Situ Formation of Hierarchical Porous Fe,Co−N‐Doped Carbon as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Jia Xiaofang , Gu Wenling , Zhang Shan , Wang Erkang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDevelopment of highly active and durable non‐precious‐metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as an alternative to platinum is of significance for the commercialization of fuel cell devices. In this work, we present a facile template‐free strategy for the synthesis of Fe,Co−N‐doped porous carbon (Fe,Co−NPC) with a hierarchical porous feature. The Fe,Co−NPC was obtained by hydrothermal polymerization of o‐phenylenediamine and citric acid in the presence of Fe salt and Co salt, and subsequent thermal treatment at elevated temperatures. The selective use of citric acid and Co(NO3)2 plays a critical role in facilitating the in situ formation of a hierarchically porous carbon architecture with high surface area. The Fe,Co−NPC obtained at the pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C (Fe,Co−NPC‐800) is demonstrated to be a highly active electrocatalyst for the ORR, with an onset potential and half‐wave potential comparable to that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst in both acidic and alkaline solutions. Moreover, it also exhibits much higher stability and better methanol tolerance than commercial Pt/C. The results demonstrate that the obtained Fe,Co−NPC is a promising candidate for practical electrocatalytic applications with a simple preparation scheme and enhanced performance.
Market‐Based Coordination of Shared Resources in Cyber‐physical Production Sites
Authors: Wenzel Simon , Paulen Radoslav , Beisheim Benedikt , Krämer Stefan , Engell Sebastian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLarge interconnected production sites typically consist of many plants that are physically coupled by networks of shared resources. An optimal site‐wide allocation of shared resources is key to a resource‐, energy‐, and cost‐optimal operation. Market‐based coordination can find the site‐wide optimum with limited data exchange between the subsystems and thus ensures confidentiality. In this contribution, market‐based coordination is applied to a simulation study of a petrochemical production site with steam and intermediate products as shared resources.
Enabling semantics to improve detection of data races and misuses of lock‐free data structures
Authors: Dolz Manuel F. , Del Rio Astorga David , Fernández Javier , Torquati Massimo , García José Daniel , García‐Carballeira Félix , Danelutto Marco 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe rapid progress of multi/many‐core architectures has caused data‐intensive parallel applications not yet fully optimized to deliver the best performance. In the advent of concurrent programming, frameworks offering structured patterns have alleviated developers' burden adapting such applications to multithreaded architectures. While some of these patterns are implemented using synchronization primitives, others avoid them by means of lock‐free data mechanisms. However, lock‐free programming is not straightforward, ensuring an appropriate use of their interfaces can be challenging, since different memory models plus instruction reordering at compiler/processor levels can interfere in the occurrence of data races. The benefits of race detectors are formidable in this sense; however, they may emit false positives if are unaware of the underlying lock‐free structure semantics. To mitigate this issue, this paper extends ThreadSanitizer, a race detection tool, with the semantics of 2 lock‐free data structures: the single‐producer/single‐consumer and the multiple‐producer/multiple‐consumer queues. With it, we are able to drop false positives and detect potential semantic violations. The experimental evaluation, using different queue implementations on a set of μ benchmarks and real applications, demonstrates that it is possible to reduce, on average, 60% the number of data race warnings and detect wrong uses of these structures.
Parallelizing highly complex engine management systems
Authors: Kienberger Julian , Schmidhuber Stefan , Saad Christian , Kuntz Stefan , Bauer Bernhard 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe automotive industry seeks to include more and more features in its vehicles. For this purpose, the necessary policy shift towards multi‐core technology is in full swing. To eventually exploit the extra processing power, there is much additional effort needed for coping with the tremendously increased complexity. This is largely due to the elaborate parallelization process that spans a vast search space. Consequently, there is a strong need for innovative methods and appropriate tools for the migration of legacy single‐core software. We use the results of a data dependency analysis performed on AUTOSAR system descriptions to determine advantageous partitions as well as initial task‐to‐core mappings. Afterwards, the extracted information serves as input for the simulation within a multi‐core timing tool suite. Here, the initial solution is evaluated with respect to proper scheduling and metrics like cross‐core communication rates, communication latencies, or core load distribution. A subsequent optimization process improves the initial solution and enables a comparative assessment. To demonstrate the benefit, we substantially expand a previous case study by applying our approach to two complex engine management systems and by showing the advantages compared to a parallelization process without preceding dependency analysis and initial partition/mapping suggestions.