bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating entrepreneurial skills into mathematics teaching in school
Authors: Alimorad Hajar , Daneshfard Farhang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Mathematics, as one of the core subjects in education, can be recognized as a tool for strengthening fundamental entrepreneurial skills. In this study, attempt was made to examine how integrating entrepreneurial skills—creativity, responsibility, courage, initiative, tolerance of ambiguity and collaboration ( Palmer & Johansson, 2018)—into mathematics teaching compares against mathematical teaching alone in terms of the marks of the students and the learner’s and the teacher’s perceptions about the class. The study was conducted in the summer of 2023 with the participation of 50 students in two classes of 25 students in Iran, who were chosen based on convenience sampling. Given the time available, four chapters of the eighth-grade mathematics textbook were taught. In the experimental group, entrepreneurial skills were integrated into class, and in the control group, no such integration happened. After the end of each chapter in both classes, a test was given to the students. In addition, the views of the experimental group and the instructor about the treatment were sought by survey questions. Comparing the mean scores of the two classes in the tests showed no significant difference. However, the survey questions suggested improvements in the six entrepreneurial skills and a better mathematics learning environment in the experimental group.
I am in Charge, But Not Always in Control
Authors: Crouch Sophie M. , Baranoff John A. , Bunzli Samantha , Mardon Amelia K. , Chalmers K. Jane 
Published: September 2024

Objectives:
Beliefs and knowledge about pain can influence how an individual approaches pain management. At present, there have been no investigations into the beliefs and knowledge that females hold about their pelvic pain; therefore, pain intervention approaches may not be targeted at current patient understandings. Exploring beliefs and knowledge may help inform and subsequently improve pain intervention outcomes for pelvic pain by allowing more tailored content to be delivered. This study aimed to identify beliefs and knowledge that females hold about their pelvic pain.

Materials and Methods:
Semistructured interviews (n = 12) were conducted. Based on the common sense model, interview questions investigated participants’ beliefs and knowledge related to the identity (diagnostic labels), cause, consequence, control, and timeline of their pelvic pain. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using an Interpretive Description Framework.

Results:
Participants reported holding biopsychosocial understandings of pain; however, many described their own pain experience in a way that was more aligned with the biomedical model of pain, suggesting incongruence in pain understanding. Participants valued their ability to take charge of their pain management, highlighting bodily autonomy and being proactive in pain management approaches. This approach to management did not provide total control over participants’ pelvic pain. Pelvic pain was perceived as disruptive of life, both at present and into the future, with the predictability of pain varying over time.

Conclusion:
This study provides insight into the perspectives of females with pelvic pain. Recommendations for clinicians are provided with a focus on delivering targeted education and equipping patients with helpful representations of their pain.
You Don’t Always Get What You Want!
Authors: Morgan Philip G. , Sedensky Margaret M. 
Published: September 2024

GAS-1: Mitochondrial protein controls sensitivity to volatile anesthetics in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. By Kayser EB, Morgan PG, and Sedensky MM. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1999; 90:545–54. Reprinted with permission.

Background
Mutations in several genes of Caenorhabditis elegans confer altered sensitivities to volatile anesthetics. A mutation in one gene, gas-1(fc21), causes animals to be immobilized at lower concentrations of all volatile anesthetics than in the wild type, and it does not depend on mutations in other genes to control anesthetic sensitivity. gas-1 confers different sensitivities to stereoisomers of isoflurane, and thus may be a direct target for volatile anesthetics. The authors have cloned and characterized the gas gene and the mutant allele fc21.

Methods
Genetic techniques for nematodes were as previously described. Polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and other molecular biology techniques were performed by standard methods. Mutant rescue was done by injecting DNA fragments into the gonad of mutant animals and scoring the offspring for loss of the mutant phenotype.

Results
The gas-1 gene was cloned and identified. The protein GAS-1 is a homologue of the 49-kd (IP) subunit of the mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone-oxidoreductase (complex I of the respiratory chain). gas-1(fc21) is a missense mutation replacing a strictly conserved arginine with lysine.

Conclusions
The function of the 49-kd (IP) subunit of complex I is unknown. The finding that mutations in complex I increase sensitivity of C. elegans to volatile anesthetics may implicate this physiologic process in the determination of anesthetic sensitivity. The hypersensitivity of animals with a mutation in the gas-1 gene may be caused by a direct anesthetic effect on a mitochondrial protein or secondary effects at other sites caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
Development of the West China Tinnitus Impact Inventory and Analysis of Its Reliability and Validity
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhao Yu , Wang Yibo , Wu Yunyu , Meng Zhaoli 
Published: September 2024

Objectives:
Owing to differences in cultural background, education level, and lifestyle, certain items of existing tinnitus evaluation scales are difficult for Chinese patients to understand, despite being translated. However, few independently developed scales have been developed specifically for Chinese patients. Therefore, with this study, we aimed to construct a tinnitus scale, the West China Tinnitus Impact Inventory (WCTII), suitable for the accurate reflection of the impact and severity of the disease in this population.

Design:
Basic items were obtained through semistructured interviews with patients with tinnitus. We invited 23 domestic experts on tinnitus to form an expert group. The basic items were modified using the Delphi method. Cronbach’s α values for the scale scores and correlation coefficients between the items and the scale scores were calculated. Items with correlation coefficients <0.5 were deleted. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the scale structure of the items remaining after item deletion. The intragroup correlation coefficient was used to assess the scale’s test–retest reliability. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the scale scores and the scores for the Chinese-Mandarin version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory was used to evaluate concurrent validity.

Results:
After five rounds of expert correspondence and exploratory factor analysis, we determined the content and structure of the scale. The WCTII consists of 19 items in 4 subscales, namely, F1: the impact of tinnitus on emotion (items 1 to 9); F2: the impact of tinnitus on sleep (items 10 to 12); F3: patients’ beliefs about their tinnitus (items 13 to 16, 19); and F4: the impact of tinnitus on auditory processing ability (items 17 to 18). The overall Cronbach’s α was 0.934. The Cronbach’s α values for F1 to F4 were 0.912, 0.843, 0.829, and 0.838, respectively. The intragroup correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) of the total scale and F1 to F4 were 0.779 (0.549 to 0.886), 0.738 (0.496 to 0.860), 0.826 (0.713 to 0.897), 0.720 (0.536 to 0.836), and 0.715 (0.532 to 0.832), respectively. The correlation between the WCTII and Chinese-Mandarin version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores was 0.849 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The WCTII yielded satisfactory reliability and validity, indicating that it can be used to assess the severity of tinnitus in Chinese patients.
Comparison of rotational stability of the implantable collamer lens after using a vertical or horizontal implanting orientation
Authors: Zhao Keming , Wan Linxi , Chen Xi , Ye Yiming , Yang Ying , Zhuang Jing , Yu Keming 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To compare rotational stability of the implantable collamer lens (ICL) between horizontal and vertical implantation.

Setting:
Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China.

Design:
Prospective 1:1 matched design.

Methods:
94 cases (185 eyes with a vertical elliptical ciliary sulcus) were included with a 1:1 matched design based on ciliary sulcus morphology, preset deviation angle, and vault. Follow-ups at 4 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postsurgery measured rotational angles using slitlamp photography. Latent class trajectory modeling was used to investigate the postoperative rotational angle trajectories.

Results:
6 months postoperatively, both groups exhibited similar visual acuity and refractive outcomes. The horizontal group had a significantly greater rotation angle than the vertical group (Fgroup = 13.638, P < .001). In addition, a statistically significant difference (P = .004) in the average trajectories of rotational angles was observed. The vertical group displayed a greater presence in the low-stable trajectory subgroup while demonstrating a reduced presence in the moderate-increase and high-fluctuation trajectory subgroups compared with the horizontal group. The horizontal group had a 3.750 times higher risk of rotation angle ≥3 degrees compared with the vertical group, which represented a statistically significant difference (95% CI, 1.346-10.446). In both groups, a positive correlation between the preset deviation angle and the rotation angle was observed, with correlation coefficients of 0.320 (P = .030) and 0.371 (P = .011), respectively.

Conclusions:
Vertical ICL implantation showed better rotational stability than horizontal implantation in eyes with a vertical elliptical ciliary sulcus, offering guidance for ICL surgery.
Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: updates in diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Rwebembera Joselyn , Beaton Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
To summarize the latest developments in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) prevention, (early) diagnosis, and treatment.

Recent findings
The revised Jones criteria have demonstrated increased sensitivity and specificity for rheumatic fever diagnosis in high-risk populations. The management of rheumatic fever remains symptom-based, with no treatment options proven to alter the disease course or prevent chronic RHD. The revised World Heart Federation (WHF) guidelines for the echocardiographic diagnosis of RHD encourage task-shifting of RHD screening, extending reach in endemic regions. These guidelines also present an A–D classification of RHD and provide recommendations for the management of early disease. Integrated models for RHD screening within existing health structures are emerging and automated intelligence is showing potential to support RHD screening and diagnosis. Innovative strategies to foster adherence and equitable access to secondary prophylaxis, such as re-examination of the efficacy of oral penicillin, trials of longer acting penicillin formulations and implants are underway. There is renewed interest and investment in a well tolerated and effective GAS vaccine.

Summary
We are living in a time of possibility with global acceleration to address the prevailing burden of RHD. Together, we can ensure that RHD does not once again fall off the global health agenda, until equitable elimination has been achieved.
Diastolic dysfunction: assessment and implications on the single ventricle circulation
Authors: Hassan Ahmed A. , Van De Bruaene Alexander , Friedberg Mark K. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
Patients with a functionally single ventricle (SV) are palliated with a series of procedures leading to a Fontan circulation. Over the life span, a substantial proportion of SV patients develop heart failure that can arise from circulatory or ventricular failure. Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is an important determinant of adverse outcomes in SV patients. However, assessment and categorization of DD in the SV remains elusive. We review recent literature and developments in assessment of DD in the SV and its relation to clinical outcomes.

Recent findings
DD is prevalent in the SV and associated with worse outcomes. Occult DD can be exposed with provocative testing by exercise or preload challenge during catheterization. Likewise, sensitivity to detect DD may be increased via assessment of atrial function and strain imaging. Recent studies revisiting previous concepts such as incoordinate diastolic wall motion show that these are associated with SV end-diastolic pressures and post-Fontan recovery, yielding accessible DD assessment. Emerging technologies such as ultrafast ultrasound (UFUS) can provide noninvasive assessment of myocardial stiffness, inefficient diastolic flow patterns and intraventricular pressure gradients, thereby yielding new tools and insights into diastolic myocardial and hemodynamic properties.

Summary
Characterizing DD in the SV continues to have substantial limitations, necessitating synthesis of multiple parameters into an overall assessment, accounting for their change over time, and in the context of the patient's clinical status. New and emerging techniques may help advance DD assessment and the ability to track response to treatment of new targets.
Management of undescended testis
Authors: Saylors Seth , Oyetunji Tolulope A. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
Describe why this review is timely and relevant.
Undescended testis, or cryptorchidism, is a common diagnosis encountered by pediatricians that requires timely collaboration with pediatric surgical specialists to optimize outcomes for these patients. As this topic continues to be heavily researched, it is imperative to understand current recommendations and emerging management options including new surgical techniques, as well as common pitfalls in care highlighted in the literature.

Recent findings
Describe the main themes in the literature covered by the article.
This review primarily examines current practice in management including delays in surgical referral, with unnecessary imaging being a key factor that delays time to surgery. This review briefly discusses the diagnosis of undescended testis and the various surgical techniques used including the more recently proposed laparoscopic staged traction orchiopexy (Shehata technique). The ineffectiveness of hormonal therapy is also addressed.

Summary
describe the implications of the findings for clinical practice or research.
This review emphasizes prompt evaluation and diagnosis of undescended testis to facilitate appropriately timed surgical intervention, which plays a major role in outcomes for these patients. Identifying patients at risk of delayed referral is an area of focus for improvement, along with better resource utilization with fewer imaging. Familiarization of surgical options can also facilitate better patient education and provider understanding of risks/benefits.
Advances in understanding and managing pediatric heart failure and transplant
Authors: Xu Wenyuan , Richmond Marc 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
This article highlights the most recent advances in a review of the current literature in the field of pediatric heart failure and transplantation.

Recent findings
Diagnostically, the identification of new genetic factors has contributed to a deeper understanding of cardiomyopathy in children. Novel medications like sacubitril/valsartan and Sodium-Glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which are now standard in the adult population are being studied in pediatric population and offer new promise of pediatric heart failure treatment. Ventricular assist devices are more commonly used in cardiomyopathy patients and single ventricle patients as a bridge to transplant. Recent pediatric heart transplant society (PHTS) data demonstrated that waitlist survival improved significantly over the past decades (i) and new treatments such as daratumumab and eculizumab have been used in high-risk populations and demonstrate promising results. TEAMMATE trial is the first multicenter randomized clinical trial (RCT) in pediatric heart transplant (HT) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of everolimus (EVL) and low-dose tacrolimus (TAC) compared to standard-dose TAC and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). It will provide valuable information about the safety and efficacy of EVL, TAC, and MMF (ii).
Donor cell-free DNA has been used more in pediatric transplant recipients and has significantly decreased invasive EMB (iii).

Summary
This past 5 years have witness dramatic progress in the field of pediatric heart failure and transplantation including more use of mechanical support in heart failure patients with various underlying etiology, especially use of mechanical support in single ventricle patients and the use of sacubitril/valsartan and SGLT2 inhibitors in the pediatric population. The problem of the highly sensitized transplant recipient remains, although novel therapeutics have been added to our toolbox of options to maintain healthy allograft function. Ongoing research aims to further enhance our understanding and management of pediatric heart failure, emphasizing the need for continued innovation in this complex field.
Association of internship with performance on American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation certification examinations
Authors: Driscoll Sherilyn W. , Pruitt David W. , Sabharwal Sunil , Raddatz Mikaela M. , Kinney Carolyn L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) residents must complete twelve months of fundamental skills training prior to beginning PM&R residency. The objective of this study is to determine if characteristics of the first post-graduate year (PGY-1) impact performance on American Board of PM&R (ABPMR) initial certification examinations. A retrospective review was conducted on a deidentified ABPMR database of physicians who completed PM&R residency and took the Part I Examination between 2008 and 2022. Physicians who completed categorical residency programs in PM&R had higher pass rates on Part I than physicians who completed advanced programs. Physicians who completed a categorical program had higher scaled scores on the Part II Examination than physicians who completed either a transitional or non-transitional advanced program but pass rates did not differ. Completing less than 3 months of training in internal medicine prior to starting PM&R was associated with lower Part I and Part II Examination scaled scores than completing 3 or more months. Physicians who completed six or more months of internal medicine had higher Part I and Part II Examination pass rates and scaled scores than physicians who completed six or more months in surgery.
“Mastectomy for individuals with gender dysphoria below 26 years of age: A systematic review and meta-analysis”
Authors: Miroshnychenko Anna , Roldan Yetiani M , Ibrahim Sara , Kulatunga-Moruzi Chan , Dahlin Kristen , Montante Steven , Couban Rachel , Guyatt Gordon , Brignardello-Petersen Romina 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Gender dysphoria (GD) refers to psychological distress associated with the incongruence between one’s sex and one’s gender. In response to GD, birth-registered females may choose to undergo mastectomy. In this systematic review, we summarize and assess the certainty of the evidence on the effects of mastectomy.

Methods:
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Social Sciences Abstracts, LGBTQ+ Source, and Sociological Abstracts through June 20, 2023. We included studies comparing mastectomy to no mastectomy in birth-registered females under 26 years of age with GD. Outcomes of interest included psychological and psychiatric outcomes, and physical complications. Pairs of reviewers independently screened articles, abstracted data, and assessed risk of bias of the included studies. We performed meta-analysis and assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach.

Results:
We included 39 studies. Observational studies (n=2) comparing mastectomy to chest binding provided very low certainty evidence for the outcome of GD. One observational study comparing mastectomy to no mastectomy provided very low certainty evidence for the outcomes global functioning and suicide attempts, and low certainty evidence for the outcome non-suicidal self-injury (aOR 0.47 [95% CI 0.22 to 0.97]). Before-after (n=2) studies provided very low certainty evidence for all outcomes. Evidence from case series (n=34) studies ranged from high to very low certainty.

Conclusion:
Case series studies demonstrated high certainty evidence for the outcomes of death, necrosis, and excessive scarring; however, these are limited in methodological quality. In comparative and before-after studies the evidence ranged from low to very low certainty.
Advances in the treatment of IDH-mutant gliomas
Authors: Baek Chooyoung , Laurenge Alice , Touat Mehdi 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is a defining molecular driver of WHO grade 2–4 astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. In this article, we review the recent therapeutic approaches specifically targeting IDH-mutant gliomas and summarize ongoing clinical trials in this population.

Recent findings
The IDH inhibitor vorasidenib recently demonstrated its efficacy after surgical resection in grade 2 IDH-mutated gliomas. Several studies in patients with IDH-mutant gliomas are currently exploring various strategies to target IDH mutations, including the use of small-molecule inhibitors, immunotherapies, peptide vaccines and agents targeting metabolic and epigenomic vulnerabilities.

Summary
Mutant-IDH targeting holds significant promise in treating progressive or recurrent IDH-mutant gliomas. Recent results with IDH inhibitors will change practice and influence the existing guidelines in a near future.
Hyperglycemia selectively increases cerebral non-oxidative glucose consumption without affecting blood flow
Authors: Blazey Tyler , Lee John J. , Snyder Abraham Z. , Goyal Manu S. , Hershey Tamara , Arbeláez Ana Maria , Raichle Marcus E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMultiple studies have shown that hyperglycemia increases the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) in subcortical white matter. This observation remains unexplained. Using positron emission tomography (PET) and euinsulinaemic glucose clamps, we found, for the first time, that acute hyperglycemia increases non-oxidative CMRglc (i.e., aerobic glycolysis (AG)) in subcortical white mater as well as in medial temporal lobe structures, cerebellum and brainstem, all areas with low euglycemic CMRglc. Surprisingly, hyperglycemia did not change regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), or the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response. Regional gene expression data reveal that brain regions where CMRglc increased have greater expression of hexokinase 2 (HK2). Simulations of glucose transport revealed that, unlike hexokinase 1,HK2is not saturated at euglycemia, thus accommodating increased AG during hyperglycemia.