bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditive Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsstörung: Ist die Diagnose schon bei Erstklässlern möglich?
Authors: Kiese-Himmel Christiane , Nickisch Andreas , Werner Franziska 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Signifikante Leistungsunterschiede zwischen Kindern mit und ohne auditive Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsstörungen (AVWS)
im 2., 3. und 4. Grundschuljahr wurden in einer eklektischen AVWS-Testbatterie für die meisten Diagnoseinstrumente festgestellt. Die
aktuelle Studie erfolgte mit der Fragestellung, ob dies auch für Kinder der 1. Schulklassenstufe zutrifft.
Material und Methoden Leistungen von 41 Kindern mit und von 37 ohne AVWS im 1. Regelgrundschuljahr (Alter: 6–8 Jahre) wurden in 14
spezifisch auditiven Tests miteinander verglichen.
Ergebnisse Statistisch signifikante Gruppenunterschiede wurden in 12 Diagnoseinstrumenten aufgedeckt; lediglich in 2 PaTSy-Subtests
(Tonfrequenzen; Tonintensitäten) war das nicht der Fall. Bzgl. der monauralen Ordnungsschwelle blieb die Signifikanz nach
Bonferroni-Korrektur knapp erhalten. Non-AVWS-Kinder bewältigten die PaTSy-Subtests in 86–89 %, AVWS-Kinder in 73–83 % aller Fälle. Die
Testwerte von Jungen bzw. Mädchen mit AVWS waren im Vergleich zu denen von Jungen bzw. Mädchen ohne AVWS durchweg reduziert.
Schlussfolgerungen Auch Erstklässler mit „AVWS“ ließen sich von solchen ohne „AVWS“ statistisch signifikant unterscheiden. In der
Tendenz waren bei Erstklässlern mit AVWS dieselben Leistungen gemindert wie bei Grundschülern in höheren Klassenstufen. Der Einsatz
sprachfreier audiologischer Verfahren zur klinischen Diagnose von AVWS erscheint für die Altersgruppe 6–8 Jahre jedoch fragwürdig.
The populism of the Alternative for Germany (AfD): an extended Essex School perspective
Authors: Kim Seongcheol 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper seeks to draw on the tools of Ernesto Laclau’s theory of discourse, hegemony and populism as well as recent Essex School work on populism to examine the discourse of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) and, in the process, come closer to a more systematic understanding of nature and limits ofright-wingpopulism as well as the interplay and distinction between populist and non-populist discursive logics more generally. The paper situates itself in the context of existing Essex School work that has distinguished populism from institutionalism—and, more recently, from nationalism —in terms of either the length of the equivalential chain or the centrality of “the people” as nodal point in addition to the degree of antagonistic division between “people” and “power.” Building on this latter strand in the recent work of Yannis Stavrakakis and others, this paper proposes a formal distinction betweenpopulismandreductionismas internal to Laclau’s theory of populism. Reductionism, it is argued, tends to reduce “the people” onto a differential particularity that setsa priorilimits on the equivalential chain as opposed to constructing it as atendentially empty signifierattached to anopen-endedchain—producing a tendentialclosureof the equivalential chain and thus undercutting the primacy of the logic of equivalence that is fundamental to Laclau’s understanding of populism and subsequent Essex School applications of it. It is argued that predominantly ethno-, cultural- or nativist-reductionist discourses may nonetheless deploy a populist logic ofpartial openingsin the equivalential chain, especially through the selective equivalential incorporation of sexual or ethno-linguistic minorities against a common (often “Islamic”) constitutive outside. This is demonstrated empirically in a discourse analysis of the AfD and its development from a “competition populism” into an ethno-culturally reductionist conception of “the people” coexisting with partial openings in relation to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community and Russian-Germans in the Berlin context in particular.
Impact of climate change on New York City’s coastal flood hazard: Increasing flood heights from the preindustrial to 2300 CE
Authors: Garner Andra J. , Mann Michael E. , Emanuel Kerry A. , Kopp Robert E. , Lin Ning , Alley Richard B. , Horton Benjamin P. , DeConto Robert M. , Donnelly Jeffrey P. , Pollard David 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceWe combine downscaled tropical cyclones, storm-surge models, and probabilistic sea-level rise projections to assess flood hazard associated with changing storm characteristics and sea-level rise in New York City from the preindustrial era to 2300. Compensation between increased storm intensity and offshore shifts in storm tracks causes minimal change in modeled storm-surge heights through 2300. However, projected sea-level rise leads to large increases in future overall flood heights associated with tropical cyclones in New York City. Consequently, flood height return periods that were ∼500 y during the preindustrial era have fallen to ∼25 y at present and are projected to fall to ∼5 y within the next three decades.
PIP2 mediates functional coupling and pharmacology of neuronal KCNQ channels
Authors: Kim Robin Y. , Pless Stephan A. , Kurata Harley T. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Despite the availability of many drugs to treat epilepsy, nearly one-third of patients are not responsive to pharmacotherapy. Retigabine (RTG) is the first approved antiepileptic drug that acts by promoting activation of potassium channels, specifically targeting neuronal KCNQ channels that are regulated by both voltage and the membrane phospholipid PIP2. A deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of RTG will enable future development of this unique drug class. In this study, we combine electrophysiology recordings with fluorometric measurements of KCNQ channel conformation to reveal channel features that contribute to the dramatic effects of RTG. Our findings demonstrate that a PIP2-dependent interaction between the pore-forming and voltage-sensing components of the channel is required for optimal RTG action.
Extensive gene tree discordance and hemiplasy shaped the genomes of North American columnar cacti
Authors: Copetti Dario , Búrquez Alberto , Bustamante Enriquena , Charboneau Joseph L. M. , Childs Kevin L. , Eguiarte Luis E. , Lee Seunghee , Liu Tiffany L. , McMahon Michelle M. , Whiteman Noah K. , Wing Rod A. , Wojciechowski Martin F. , Sanderson Michael J. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Convergent and parallel evolution (homoplasy) is widespread in the tree of life and can obscure evidence about phylogenetic relationships. Homoplasy can be elevated in genomes because individual loci may have independent evolutionary histories different from the species history. We sequenced the genomes of five cacti, including the iconic saguaro of the Sonoran Desert and three other columnar cacti, to investigate whether previously uncharacterized features of genome evolution might explain long-standing challenges to understanding cactus phylogeny. We found that 60% of the amino acid sites in proteins exhibiting homoplasy do so because of conflicts between gene genealogies and species histories. This phenomenon, termed hemiplasy, is likely a consequence of the unusually long generation time of these cacti.
Finding water scarcity amid abundance using human–natural system models
Authors: Jaeger William K. , Amos Adell , Bigelow Daniel P. , Chang Heejun , Conklin David R. , Haggerty Roy , Langpap Christian , Moore Kathleen , Mote Philip W. , Nolin Anne W. , Plantinga Andrew J. , Schwartz Cynthia L. , Tullos Desiree , Turner David P. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Climate change will heighten the need to anticipate water shortages worldwide. The task is daunting due to water’s variability, spatial-temporal movement, feedbacks, and other system complexities. A high-resolution coupled human–natural system model identifies how both climate change and socioeconomic drivers will alter water scarcity in future decades. The results illuminate how water scarcity varies greatly across small distances and brief time periods, even in basins where water may be relatively abundant overall. These findings, and other unexpected results that may seem counterintuitive, underscore the potential value of such models for policy.
One- to four-year-olds connect diverse positive emotional vocalizations to their probable causes
Authors: Wu Yang , Muentener Paul , Schulz Laura E. 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceWe find that very young children make fine-grained distinctions among positive emotional expressions and connect diverse emotional vocalizations to their probable eliciting causes. Moreover, when infants see emotional reactions that are improbable, given observed causes, they actively search for hidden causes. The results suggest that early emotion understanding is not limited to discriminating a few basic emotions or contrasts across valence; rather, young children’s understanding of others’ emotional reactions is nuanced and causal. The findings have implications for research on the neural and cognitive bases of emotion reasoning, as well as investigations of early social relationships.
Rat embryonic stem cells produce fertile offspring through tetraploid complementation
Authors: Li Tian-Da , Feng Gui-Hai , Li Yu-Fei , Wang Mei , Mao Jun-Jie , Wang Jia-Qiang , Li Xin , Wang Xue-Peng , Qu Bin , Wang Le-Yun , Zhang Xin-Xin , Wan Hai-Feng , Cui Tong-Tong , Wan Cong , Liu Lei , Zhao Xiao-Yang , Hu Bao-Yang , Li Wei , Zhou Qi 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Tetraploid complementation, through which an entire organism is produced from pluripotent donor cells, is taken as the most stringent test for pluripotency. However, it remains unclear whether embryonic stem cells (ESCs) of other species besides mice can pass this test. Our results demonstrated the capacity of rat ESCs to produce live rats via tetraploid complementation and how the capacity is lost during in vitro culture. This report demonstrates that ESCs of other species besides mice can pass the tetraploid complementation test for pluripotency. We believe this original work will facilitate the understanding of evolution and regulation of pluripotency across mammalian species.
Evolutionary cascades induced by large frugivores
Authors: Brodie Jedediah F. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
How eating animals affect the evolution of fruit-producing plants is still poorly understood. This is important because large vertebrates are being overhunted in ecosystems around the world, which might force plants to alter phenotypes in response to the loss of these animals. I used a natural experiment in which many of the same plant lineages in a large and megadiverse tropical archipelago have been exposed to very different suites of vertebrates on different islands. Statistical analysis that accounts for species’ shared evolutionary histories revealed that average fruit sizes across more than 400 plant species were positively related to the diversity and size of the fruit-eating birds and mammals in each area. Fruit color, however, was not affected by the vertebrate assemblage.
Alk and Ltk ligands are essential for iridophore development in zebrafish mediated by the receptor tyrosine kinase Ltk
Authors: Mo Elizabeth S. , Cheng Qianni , Reshetnyak Andrey V. , Schlessinger Joseph , Nicoli Stefania 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their stimulatory ligands regulate a variety of cellular processes. Many diseases, including cancer, are driven by mutations in or dysregulation of RTKs and their signaling pathways. The physiological ligands responsible for activating the RTKs, ALK and LTK, remained elusive. Recently, the ligands of each were identified and named “ALKAL1” and “ALKAL2” (“FAM150” or “augmentors”). Here, we demonstrate that zebrafish contain three distinct ligand molecules and describe their role in controlling pigment development in the embryo and adult zebrafish eye and body. These experiments show that these hormone-like molecules are critical factors influencing neural crest cell differentiation and progenitor/stem cell fates in zebrafish, suggesting a role for augmentors in control of similar processes in higher organisms.
Clinical validation of a nanodiamond-embedded thermoplastic biomaterial
Authors: Lee Dong-Keun , Kee Theodore , Liang Zhangrui , Hsiou Desiree , Miya Darron , Wu Brian , Osawa Eiji , Chow Edward Kai-Hua , Sung Eric C. , Kang Mo K. , Ho Dean 
Published: October 2017

Significance
There is a continued need to advance novel nanomedicine platforms into the clinic to address treatment challenges in oncology, infection, and regenerative medicine, among other areas. As such, this work demonstrates the in-human validation of nanodiamonds through their incorporation into gutta percha [nanodiamond-embedded gutta percha (NDGP)], a polymer that repairs root canal treatment sites following tissue disinfection. A randomized, dual-arm clinical trial was implemented, and study endpoints included confirmation of lesion healing, postoperative pain reduction, and the absence of reinfection. To date, the NDGP-treated patients successfully met the study endpoints. Therefore, these findings support the potential expansion of nanodiamonds, and the broader nanomedicine field, into other disease indications.
Neurobiology of culturally common maternal responses to infant cry
Authors: Bornstein Marc H. , Putnick Diane L. , Rigo Paola , Esposito Gianluca , Swain James E. , Suwalsky Joan T. D. , Su Xueyun , Du Xiaoxia , Zhang Kaihua , Cote Linda R. , De Pisapia Nicola , Venuti Paola 
Published: October 2017

Significance
We undertook an interdisciplinary exploration that unites evolutionary biology, neuroscience, and developmental cultural psychology. Based on extensive and detailed behavioral analyses of 684 new mothers in 11 countries and complementary functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses of brain responses in 43 first-time new US mothers to their own infants’ cries, 44 experienced Chinese mothers to infant cries and control emotional sounds, and 12 Italian mothers and nonmothers to generic infant cries, we identified specific behavior repertoires and specific corresponding activated brain regions in human caregivers that constitute primary responses to infant distress. This study set will appeal to scientific and general audiences because it elucidates the foundations of core parenting practices in response to infant vocal distress.
Dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2A regulates visual pigment regeneration and the dark adaptation of mammalian photoreceptors
Authors: Kolesnikov Alexander V. , Orban Tivadar , Jin Hui , Brooks Celine , Hofmann Lukas , Dong Zhiqian , Sokolov Maxim , Palczewski Krzysztof , Kefalov Vladimir J. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Resetting G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) from their active state to their biologically inert ground state driven by reversible phosphorylation and arrestin binding is an integral part of GPCR signaling. Visual pigments in retinal rod and cone photoreceptors represent a classic example of GPCR signaling. Although pigment inactivation by phosphorylation is well understood, the enzyme(s) responsible for pigment dephosphorylation and the functional significance of this reaction remain largely unknown. Here, we show that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is expressed in mouse photoreceptors and that its targeted ablation compromises, but does not fully block, their pigment dephosphorylation, visual chromophore recycling, and dark adaptation after >90% bleach. We conclude that visual pigments are dephosphorylated by PP2A and that this reaction regulates dark adaptation of photoreceptors.
Controlling orientational order in block copolymers using low-intensity magnetic fields
Authors: Gopinadhan Manesh , Choo Youngwoo , Kawabata Kohsuke , Kaufman Gilad , Feng Xunda , Di Xiaojun , Rokhlenko Yekaterina , Mahajan Lalit H. , Ndaya Dennis , Kasi Rajeswari M. , Osuji Chinedum O. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Magnetic field interactions with condensed matter can produce orientationally ordered states that are important for fundamental research and technological applications. Block copolymer (BCP) mesophases typically exhibit weak field coupling, requiring high-intensity fields generated by superconducting magnets to produce such states. This work advances a strategy for circumventing such field intensity limitations and creates highly aligned mesophases using fields an order of magnitude smaller than typically required and that can be produced by simple permanent magnets. We elucidate the roles of molecular mobility, grain size, and ordering kinetics on the mesophase field response. Low-intensity field-directed BCP ordering has potentially profound implications for processing functional materials and developing complex textures by field shaping.
Living supramolecular polymerization achieved by collaborative assembly of platinum(II) complexes and block copolymers
Authors: Zhang Kaka , Yeung Margaret Ching-Lam , Leung Sammual Yu-Lut , Yam Vivian Wing-Wah 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Living supramolecular polymerization has emerged as an efficient pathway for the fabrication of supramolecular assemblies with precisely controlled dimensions and diverse architectures. This work achieves living supramolecular polymerization by the collaborative assembly of two structurally dissimilar components, namely, the platinum(II) complexes and the block copolymers. This work largely broadens the scope of supramolecular monomers for living supramolecular polymerization and in the construction of supramolecular-based heterojunctions with large lattice mismatch, which represents a distinct advantage over the existing methods based on single-component systems in devising living supramolecular polymerization. This work may open up new, simple one-pot strategies for the fabrication of segmented supramolecular-based heterojunctions with different optical, charge transport, and catalytic properties for directional excitation energy, and electron and hole transport.
Organizing principles for the cerebral cortex network of commissural and association connections
Authors: Swanson Larry W. , Hahn Joel D. , Sporns Olaf 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceThe cerebral cortex supports cognition and is a structure common to all mammals. The major cortical subdivisions (its gray matter regions) are connected by a complex network of axonal connections that includes connections between regions in the same hemisphere (association connections on the right or left side) and those between hemispheres (commissural connections between opposite sides). A database of over 5,000 connections in the cortical network was extracted from the literature, and network analysis revealed three identical cortical modules (neural subsystems) on each side. One appears to deal especially with the external world, one with the viscera, and one with planning, prioritization, and self-awareness. A set of general organizing principles for association and commissural connections also emerged from the analysis.
Strong attractions and repulsions mediated by monovalent salts
Authors: Li Yaohua , Girard Martin , Shen Meng , Millan Jaime Andres , Olvera de la Cruz Monica 
Published: October 2017

Significance
The physical properties of proteins and polyions in electrolyte solutions are of crucial importance for understanding biological processes and for controlling biotechnological processes. The concentration of salt controls the range and strength of the interactions in these complex electrolytes. Here, multiscale coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations reveal long-range interactions between nanoparticles in aqueous solutions at high monovalent salt concentrations. The simulations explain the crystallization of nanoparticles even when they are strongly charged and explain the reentrant attractive to repulsive to attractive interactions as the nanoparticle charge density increases in high monovalent salt-concentration conditions.
Individual differences in associative memory among older adults explained by hippocampal subfield structure and function
Authors: Carr Valerie A. , Bernstein Jeffrey D. , Favila Serra E. , Rutt Brian K. , Kerchner Geoffrey A. , Wagner Anthony D. 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceOlder adults differ in the degree to which they experience memory impairments, but the underlying factors contributing to this variability remain unclear. Motivated by the essential role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in declarative memory, we investigated whether episodic memory differences among older adults can be explained by differences in MTL subfield structure and function. Using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, we demonstrated that a combination of structural and functional subfield measures significantly accounted for differences in memory performance. These findings advance understanding of how independent but converging influences of both MTL structure and function contribute to age-related impairment in episodic memory, complementing findings in the rodent and human postmortem literatures.
Integrated field, laboratory, and theoretical study of PKD spread in a Swiss prealpine river
Authors: Carraro Luca , Bertuzzo Enrico , Mari Lorenzo , Fontes Inês , Hartikainen Hanna , Strepparava Nicole , Schmidt-Posthaus Heike , Wahli Thomas , Jokela Jukka , Gatto Marino , Rinaldo Andrea 
Published: October 2017

SignificancePredicting how temperature, climate change, and emerging infectious diseases interact to drive local extinction risk for natural populations requires complex integrated approaches involving field data [fish and environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling and hydrological and geomorphological surveys], laboratory studies (eDNA analyses and disease prevalence assessment), and metacommunity modeling. Together, these tools reproduce all of the relevant biological and ecohydrological features of proliferative kidney disease, a major emerging disease impacting native salmonid stocks. We thus provide a predictive framework, applicable to other aquatic pathogens, that may function as a baseline for environmental management decisions aimed at preserving declining and iconic salmonid species.
Silent memory engrams as the basis for retrograde amnesia
Authors: Roy Dheeraj S. , Muralidhar Shruti , Smith Lillian M. , Tonegawa Susumu 
Published: October 2017

Significance
We previously discovered that memory is retrieved robustly from protein synthesis inhibitor-induced retrograde amnesia by optogenetic activation of engram cells. Connectivity of engram cells correlates with memory information storage under amnesia, even though these amnesic engram cells lack learning-induced augmented synaptic strength. We term this state of engrams as “silent engrams.” The significance of this study is threefold: first, the silent state of the engram can last for a prolonged period (at least 8 d post encoding); second, connectivity between engram cell ensembles is causally linked to optogenetic recall and hence memory information storage; and third, there is a molecular genetic method to convert an engram from a silent state to an active state.