bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process Support and Marine Systems in a Spar Hull: Innovation Meets Regulation
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 26040, “Process Support and Marine Systems in the Hull: Innovation Meets Regulation,” by Peter Kitchen, Houston Offshore Engineering, and Scott Murphy, Williams Field Services, prepared for the 2015 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 4–7 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Historically, the marine systems on a spar are relatively simple. However, attracted to the operational value of having large volumes of storage, particularly for flow assurance of the subsea wells and flowlines during shutdown conditions, the subject-hull design criteria included the capabilities to store (inside the hull) 10,000 bbl of dead oil, 1,000 bbl each of diesel and methanol, and 2,400 bbl of subsea chemicals. The paper traces the development of the project’s process-support and marine systems.
Introduction
The Gulfstar 1 (Fig. 1) is a spar-based floating production system located in the Gulf of Mexico. The spar has full offshore-processing and measurement capabilities for delivering oil and gas to the export pipelines, which tie into the existing offshore infrastructure.
The spar hull is 584 ft long and 85 ft in diameter with a 60-ft hull freeboard. The hull supports an 8,500-short-ton, three-level topside. The hull also supports five initial risers hung off at the riser porch and provisions for four additional steel catenary risers to be pulled in through pull tubes. The spar is held on station by a taut mooring system composed of nine chain/polyester/chain mooring lines arranged in three groups.
The spar is fitted with a variable ballast system that uses compressed nitrogen to adjust the seawater level in the four open-bottom ballast tanks. The spar hull also supports process and utility equipment and storage for dead oil, methanol, and diesel in integral (structural) tanks and for flow-assurance chemicals in independent (free-standing) tanks inside the hull.
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Odontogenic Cysts: Is There Any Impression on Clinical Outcome?
Authors: Sadri Donia , Farhadi Sareh , Shahabi Zahra , Sarshar Samaneh 
Published: January 2017

Background:
The recent scientific reports have shown that angiogenesis can affect biological behavior of pathologic lesions.

Objective:
Regarding unique clinical outcome of Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), the present study was aimed to compare angiogenesis in Odontogenic keratocyst and Dentigerous cyst (DC).

Method:
In this experimental study, tissue sections of 46 samples of OKC and DC were stained through immunohistochemical method using Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) antibody. VEGF expression was evaluated in epithelial cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The average percentage of stained cells in any samples was categorized to 3 groups as follows: SCORE 0: 10% of cells or less are positive. SCORE 1: 10 to 50% of cells are positive. SCORE 2: more than 50% of cells are positive. Mann-U-Whitney, T-test and chi-square was used for statistical analysis.

Result:
The average of VEGF expression in 24 samples of DC was 20.2% and in 22 samples of OKC was 52.6%, respectively. The average of VEGF expression in these two cysts had statistical significant differences. (PV= 0.045). There was significant statistical differences between two cysts in the terms of VEGF SCORE (PV= 0.000). OKC samples had significantly higher SCORE for the purpose of VEGF incidence than DC. Also, there were no differences between VEGF expression in epithelial cells of two cysts (PV= 0.268) there were significant statistical differences between two cysts in terms of endothelial cell staining. The endothelial cell staining was significantly higher in OKC than DC (PV= 0.037%).

Conclusion:
Regarding higher expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth factor in OKC than DC, it seems that angiogenesis may have great impression on clinical outcome of OKC.
Pathogen Characterization of Fresh and Stored Mesophilic Anaerobically Digested Biosolids
Authors: Flemming Cecily A. , Simhon Albert , Odumeru Joseph A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: Culturable bacterial pathogens (Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria, Yersinia) and indicators (E. coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens) were quantified at six water resource recovery facilities that land apply anaerobically digested biosolids in Ontario, Canada. Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia were also quantified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Salmonella and Listeria were frequently detected in sludge and liquid biosolids (70–100% of samples) but less often in fresh dewatered cake biosolids (50–60%); with low levels in fresh cake (<100 cells/g dw). Yersinia were in 20 to 30% of samples, typically at very low levels (<10 cell/g dw). Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in 80 and 20% of cake biosolids at geometric means of 270 cysts/g dw and 70 oocysts/g dw, respectively. E. coli reduction was typically >2‐log10 while pathogen reduction was variable. “Sudden increase” of pathogens was not observed, however, Salmonella and E. coli showed regrowth (at 1 to 3 orders of magnitude) after 2‐ to 3‐day storage at 30 °C.
Enhanced Aerobic Sludge Granulation by Seeding Concentrated Activated Sludge with Ca‐Alginate Gel
Authors: Sun Can , Zhan Hanhui , Wang Liangjie 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: The present study focuses on the effect of Ca‐alginate gel on aerobic sludge granulation. Three sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) seeded with different mixtures of Ca‐alginate gel and activated sludge with the fraction (weight/weight of dry biomass) of 0%, 5.5%, and 15.5%, respectively. The granulation time of 14 days was obtained with 5.5% additive, while 32 days were needed to adapt aerobic granules developed with 0% Ca‐alginate gel. Full granulation was achieved in the trial with 15.5% additive from the 20th day. Comparing with granules in reactor 1, the granules cultivated with Ca‐alginate gel exhibited attributes of much faster settling velocities, higher biomass retention, greater mechanical strength, and better nutrient‐removing capability. The alginate‐metal gel may be the structural polymer of aerobic granules and offer bacteria the inhabitancy and protection, which is beneficial to retain more biomass and improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment.
Desenhando territórios: a cartografia de Cândido Mendes e o “Nordeste” brasileiro do século XIX
Authors: Dantas George Alexandre Ferreira , Ferreira Angela Lúcia , Simonini Yuri 
Published: January 2017

Em meados do século XIX, a articulação sistematizada do território da nação brasileira foi formulada como ponto-chave para a estruturação da economia e da sociedade modernas. Esse intento ultrapassava as antigas demandas de controle geopolítico e encontrou nas estiagens prolongadas nas “províncias do norte” um sério problema. Falar de nova estrutura territorial pressupõe indagar: que conhecimentos e informações iconográficas sobre o território em reorganização tinham aqueles que adentraram no “Brasil desconhecido”? Discutir pertinências e limites do uso das fontes cartográficas como documentos que permitam compreender as ações sistematizadas sobre o território nordestino é o objetivo deste artigo. Para tanto, privilegiar-se-á o “Atlas do Império do Brazil”, organizado por Cândido Mendes de Almeida, em 1868, com ênfase nas províncias mais atingidas pelas secas: CE, RN, PE e PB. O Atlas é lido assim dentro da trama de relações da formação da cultura técnica moderna no Brasil e, mais especificamente, dos processos que levariam à definição da região Nordeste. Palavras-chave: atlas; Cândido Mendes; cultura técnica; Império; reconfiguração territorial; Nordeste/Brasil. Abstract: In the mid-nineteenth century, the systematic articulation of Brazilian territory was formulated as an essential issue to forge modern economy and society. This attempt overcame old geopolitical control demands and delineated long-term droughts in “northern provinces” as one of the major problems. Thus, it is fundamental to investigate which knowledge and cartographical information were handled by those who went upon “unknown Brazil”. This article aims to analyze the limits of cartographical sources as historical documents to comprehend planned and systematic actions on the territory of Brazilian Northeast. For this analysis, we focus on the “Atlas do Império do Brazil” [Atlas of Brazilian Empire], edited by Cândido Mendes de Almeida, in 1868, emphasizing the provinces of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco and Paraíba, the most affected by the climate phenomena. The Atlas may be understood, therefore, as part of the arena of relationships which developed modern technical culture in Brazil and, more specifically, as part of the processes that lead to the definition of Northeast as an official region. Keywords: atlas; Cândido Mendes; technical culture; Empire; territorial reconfiguration, Northeast/Brazil.
Mudanças paradigmáticas, entre a formulação e a implementação: política urbana e gestão do Patrimônio da União no Brasil
Authors: Leal Suely Maria Ribeiro , Borges Jennifer Dos Santos 
Published: January 2017

O texto trata das mudanças introduzidas na Política Nacional de Gestão do Patrimônio da União no Brasil, relacionando-as aos paradigmas de desenvolvimento urbano, que fundamentaram também a instauração do aparato institucional da política urbana atual. Procura-se discutir o papel do Estado na condução dessas políticas públicas no novo contexto da acumulação urbana das cidades e sua articulação com os interesses de mercado e as demandas da sociedade civil. Argumenta-se que a prioridade conferida à construção de um forte aparato institucional apoiado na primazia do planejamento inclusivo no nível da formulação da política, defronta-se com a interferência de fatores de ordem local no nível da implementação, levando a gestão a ser conduzida efetivamente em consonância com o arranjo de forças que constitui a governança urbana. Palavras-chave: políticas públicas; política urbana; governança; Patrimônio da União. Abstract: This paper analyzes the changes introduced to the Política Nacional de Gestão do Patrimônio da União no Brasil (National Policy of the Union Patrimony Management in Brazil), relating them to the paradigms of urban development, which grounded also the establishment of the institutional apparatus of the present urban policy. The State’s role in conducting such policies in the new context of urban accumulation and its articulation with the market interest and demands of civil society are discussed. It is argued that the priority given to building a strong institutional apparatus supporting the primacy of an including planning at the level of policy formulation, once confronted with the interference of local factors at the implementation level, led the administration to be conducted, in fact, according to the arrangement of the forces that constitute the urban governance. Keywords: public policies; urban policies; governance; Union Patrimony.
Movilidad social espacial en los asentamientos informales de Buenos Aires
Authors: Van Gelder Jean-Louis , Cravino María Cristina , Ostuni Fernando 
Published: January 2017

Como na maioria das cidades da América Latina, uma das formas de acesso central à terra e à habitação para os setores populares em Buenos Aires é através da criação de assentamentos informais. Este artigo analisa o desenvolvimento da informalidade urbana, os padrões de mobilidade social e trajetórias residenciais em empreendimentos informais e na Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, durante as últimas décadas. Usando a informação quantitativa (gerada com pesquisas próprias) e as informações qualitativas (obtidas através de entrevistas em profundidade, complementadas pela observação de campo), pretende-se mostrar a existência de uma variedade considerável nas perspectivas e estratégias que os atores usam para construir a posse segura de sua casas. Nesta base, além disso, o texto discute como as políticas públicas e marcos legais constituem não só uma condição para o desenvolvimento da informalidade como um fenômeno, mas até mesmo influenciar a forma e as características adquiridas. Palavras-chave: assentamentos informais; mobilidade social; mobilidade residencial; Buenos Aires; política pública. Abstract: As in most Latin American cities, in Buenos Aires one of the most usual ways low income families can access to land and housing is through the creation of informal settlements. This article examines the development of urban informality, patterns of social mobility and residential trajectories into and between informal settlements in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires during the last decades. Using quantitative information (generated with own surveys) and qualitative (obtained through in-depth interviews, supplemented by field observation) we intend to show the existence of a considerable variety in the perspectives and strategies that social actors use to build tenure security of their homes. On this basis, additionally the text discusses how public policies and legal frameworks not only constitute a condition for the development of informality as a phenomenon, but even influence the shape and characteristics acquired. Keywords: informal settlements; social mobility; residential paths; Buenos Aires; public policy.
Subsidiariedade e planejamento urbano em contextos comparados: uma análise entre Portugal, Itália e Brasil
Authors: Geraldi Juliano 
Published: January 2017

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo compreender como o conceito de subsidiariedade opera os instrumentos de planejamento urbano em contextos comparados. Entendemos que o que se deve estabelecer como ponto de partida não é uma simples análise do grau de descentralização e participação dos países escolhidos, mas sim de como se dá a relação entre Estado e sociedade no planejamento urbano. A escolha de Portugal, Itália e Brasil para a análise comparada se dá por representarem as três formas de organização vertical do Poder: unitária, regional e federativa. Para a interpretação dos casos decidiu-se por diferenciar subsidiariedade vertical de subsidiariedade horizontal na utilização dos parâmetros de análise, nomeadamente: os sujeitos, os objetos e as asserções normativas.Palavras-chave: subsidiariedade; planejamento urbano; Portugal; Itália; Brasil. Abstract: A principal way of accessing housing for the urban poor in Buenos Aires is through the illegal occupation of land, thereby creating informal settlements. This article examines the development of informality, patterns of social mobility and residential trajectories within and between informal settlements in Argentina’s capital in recent decades. Using survey and interview data among residents in a variety of informal settlements complemented with field observation and secondary data, it is shown that there is much variation in dwellers’ perspectives and the strategies they employ to secure their tenure and livelihoods. Furthermore, it is shown how government policy and law condition not only the emergence of informality, but also the particular shape it takes. Keywords: subsidiarity; urban planning; Portugal; Italy; Brazil.
Novas formas associativas na produção recente de moradia social no Brasil
Authors: Camargo Camila Moreno de 
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo aborda aspectos relacionados à produção habitacional da modalidade “Entidades” do programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida, a partir de observações de campo. Pretende-se elaborar uma chave de leitura que destaque, no contexto de atendimento do programa federal mencionado, as entidades organizadoras e os diferentes graus de vinculação e relação que estabelecem com os movimentos de luta por moradias nacionais, a sociedade e o próprio Estado. Tais questões vêm se construindo e nos mostram certa urgência de análise e pesquisas mais aprofundadas, no sentido de avançar na discussão acerca da produção habitacional por meio da autogestão no Brasil, visto que, ainda que inexpressivo do ponto de vista quantitativo e em comparação com a produção mais massiva empreendida pelo mercado, ela nos revela uma série de transformações que vem redefinindo as relações sociais e a produção do espaço urbano contemporâneo. Palavras-chave: habitação de interesse social; Minha Casa, Minha Vida; entidades; movimentos sociais; política habitacional. Abstract: In response to the global economic crisis of 2009, the brazilian government launched the Minha Casa, Minha Vida – MCMV program, with the purpose of producing one million houses in the country. In its second phase, currently the program aims to produce another two million housing in the country. This production occurs by means partnership among actors at the various political, commercial, social and voluntary levels. In this context, this article aims to develop a new key for reading the entities responsible for organising the construction of the project contracted and the different degrees of attachment and relationship they establish with the national fight for housing movements, the society and the state itself, in the composition of demand and performance location. Such questions show some urgency in the analysis and further research for advancing in discussion about housing production through self-management in Brazil, it reveals a series of transformations that has been redefining social relations and production of contemporary urban space. Keywords: social interest housing; “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”; entities; social movements; housing policy.
An Unusual Case of Drug-Induced Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Vo Andrea , Yakubov Stanley , Smith Colleen , Tratenberg Mark , Sedlis-Singer Elizabeth , Shetty Vijay 
Published: January 2017

We report a rare case of drug-induced pancreatitis in a patient receiving repaglinide antidiabetic therapy. A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with severe abdominal cramping, nausea, and vomiting. Three months prior to symptoms, repaglinide was added to the patient’s current regimen of metformin. The patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, treatment was initi- ated, and repaglinide was discontinued. There was no history of pancreatitis or other risk factors such as history of gallstones, alcohol abuse, or hypertriglyceridemia. The patient reported resolution of symptoms following discontinuation of repaglinide. Considering the temporal relationship of his symptoms to the addition of repaglinide to his existing antidiabetic regimen, this case strongly suggests a possible causal link between repaglinide and the etiology of acute pancreatitis in this patient.
Evaluation of proximal and distal motor nerve conduction using the electrical root stimulation technique in the femoral and obturator nerves
Authors: Turan Erkut , Dilek Ömer , Sabanci Seyyid , Sarierler Murat , Ünsal Cengiz 
Published: January 2017

SummaryObjectives: This study aimed to investigate the adaptability of the electrical root stimulation technique by achieving normative data from the obturator and femoral nerves of healthy dogs.Methods: For this purpose, two stimulations and recordings were performed on both the obturator and femoral nerves in 40 dogs (22 males and 18 females). Electrical root stimulation was applied via monopolar needle electrodes between the sixth to seventh and fifth to sixth lumbar inter arcuate spaces to the obturator and femoral nerves, respectively. Muscle waves were recorded from the gracilis and sartorius muscles of the left and right pelvic limb.Results: The proximal motor nerve conduction velocity was 60.89 ± 3.93 m/s and 59.87 ± 4.83 m/s in the obturator and femoral nerves, respectively.Clinical significance: Our results showed that electrical root stimulation could be a useful method to test the integrity of the roots of obturator and femoral nerves and their proximal parts.
A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE THERMAL AND NONTHERMAL EMISSION IN THE SUPERNOVA REMNANT RCW 86 WITH SUZAKU
Authors: Tsubone Yoshio , Sawada Makoto , Bamba Aya , Katsuda Satoru , Vink Jacco 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Diffusive shock acceleration by the shockwaves in supernova remnants (SNRs) is widely accepted as the dominant source for Galactic cosmic rays. However, it is unknown what determines the maximum energy of accelerated particles. The surrounding environment could be one of the key parameters. The SNR RCW 86 shows both thermal and nonthermal X-ray emission with different spatial morphologies. These emission originate from the shock-heated plasma and accelerated electrons respectively, and their intensities reflect their density distributions. Thus, the remnant provides a suitable laboratory to test possible association between the acceleration efficiency and the environment. In this paper, we present results of spatially resolved spectroscopy of the entire remnant with Suzaku. The spacially resolved spectra are well reproduced with a combination of a power-law for synchrotron emission and a two-component optically thin thermal plasma, corresponding to the shocked interstellar medium (ISM) with kT of 0.3–0.6 keV and Fe-dominated ejecta. It is discovered that the photon index of the nonthermal component becomes smaller when decreasing the emission measure of the shocked ISM, where the shock speed has remained high. This result implies that the maximum energy of accelerated electrons in RCW 86 is higher in the low-density and higher shock speed regions.
A THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE BUILD-UP OF THE SUN’S POLAR MAGNETIC FIELD BY USING A 3D KINEMATIC DYNAMO MODEL
Authors: Hazra Gopal , Choudhuri Arnab Rai , Miesch Mark S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
We develop a three-dimensional kinematic self-sustaining model of the solar dynamo in which the poloidal field generation is from tilted bipolar sunspot pairs placed on the solar surface above regions of strong toroidal field by using the SpotMaker algorithm, and then the transport of this poloidal field to the tachocline is primarily caused by turbulent diffusion. We obtain a dipolar solution within a certain range of parameters. We use this model to study the build-up of the polar magnetic field and show that some insights obtained from surface flux transport models have to be revised. We present results obtained by putting a single bipolar sunspot pair in a hemisphere and two symmetrical sunspot pairs in two hemispheres. We find that the polar fields produced by them disappear due to the upward advection of poloidal flux at low latitudes, which emerges as oppositely signed radial flux and which is then advected poleward by the meridional flow. We also study the effect that a large sunspot pair, violating Hale’s polarity law, would have on the polar field. We find that there would be some effect—especially if the anti-Hale pair appears at high latitudes in the mid-phase of the cycle—though the effect is not very dramatic.
Plant Lectins Activate the NLRP3 Inflammasome To Promote Inflammatory Disorders
Authors: Gong Tao , Wang Xiaqiong , Yang Yanqing , Yan Yiqing , Yu Chenggong , Zhou Rongbin , Jiang Wei 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Plant-derived dietary lectins have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and celiac disease, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying lectin-induced inflammation. In this study, we showed that plant lectins can induce caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion via the NLRP3 inflammasome. Lectins were internalized and subsequently escaped from the lysosome and then translocated to the endoplasmic reticulum. Endoplasmic reticulum–loaded plant lectins then triggered Ca2+ release and mitochondrial damage, and inhibition of Ca2+ release and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species by chemical inhibitors significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In vivo, plant lectin–induced inflammation and tissue damage also depended on the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our findings indicate that plant lectins can act as an exogenous “danger signal” that can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and suggest that dietary lectins might promote inflammatory diseases via the NLRP3 inflammasome.