bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spectrum of Vitamin D Deficiency: Description of a Family
Authors: Vierucci Francesco , Del Pistoia Marta , Randazzo Emioli , Massart Francesco , Federico Giovanni 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency represents a global health problem, affecting children and adolescents worldwide.
Objects To confirm that vitamin D deficiency can present as a spectrum of clinical pictures.
Methods We diagnosed nutritional rickets in a 10-month-old infant of Senegal origin with several risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. As many of these factors affected also his cohabitant relatives, we evaluate infant’s family members (mother and 4 brothers) looking for other vitamin D deficiency-related comorbidities.
Results 3 brothers had asymptomatic vitamin D deficiency and 2 of them (9.8 and 13.4 years-old) showed secondary hyperparathyroidism. The fourth brother (11.3 years-old) had nutritional rickets. Their mother was affected by osteomalacia. None of them received vitamin D supplementation.
Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency may present as a spectrum of clinical pictures, representing a continuum ranging from asymptomatic/subtle conditions to overt rickets/osteomalacia. Immigrant families are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency at every age. If a case of symptomatic vitamin D deficiency is recognized, then the evaluation of the all family members is recommended, as they can have the same and/or other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency.
Cellular trade-offs and optimal resource allocation during cyanobacterial diurnal growth
Authors: Reimers Alexandra-M. , Knoop Henning , Bockmayr Alexander , Steuer Ralf 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Cyanobacteria are important players in Earth’s biogeochemical cycles and a promising resource for the synthesis of renewable raw materials. Of particular interest are the cellular organization that enables fast growth and the corresponding intracellular limits on growth rates. Here, we develop a constraint-based computational model of phototrophic growth to investigate the optimal allocation of cellular resources in a diurnal light environment. The model-derived optimal metabolite partitioning during diurnal growth is in qualitative agreement with recent experimental data. Our results suggest that phototrophic metabolism at fast growth rates is highly optimized and strongly dependent on the timing characteristics of enzyme synthesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the experimentally observed pattern of glycogen accumulation is in agreement with predictions based on optimal resource allocation.
Interest in using Mobile Technology to Help Self-Manage Alcohol use among Persons Living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Florida Cohort Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sharpe J. Danielle , Zhou Zhi , Escobar-Viera César G. , Morano Jamie P. , Lucero Robert J. , Ibañez Gladys E. , Hart Mark , Cook Christa L. , Cook Robert L. 
Published: July 2017

Background Alcohol consumption at hazardous levels is more prevalent and associated with poor health outcomes among persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). Although PLWH are receptive to using technology to manage health issues, it is unknown whether a cell phone app to self-manage alcohol use would be acceptable among PLWH who drink. The objectives of this study were to determine factors associated with interest in an app to self-manage drinking and to identify differences in baseline mobile technology use among PLWH by drinking level. Methods The study population included 757 PLWH recruited from 2014 to 2016 into the Florida Cohort, an ongoing cohort study investigating the utilization of health services and HIV care outcomes among PLWH. Participants completed a questionnaire examining demographics, substance use, mobile technology use, and other health behaviors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors significantly associated with interest in an app to self-manage drinking. We also determined whether mobile technology use varied by drinking level. Results Of the sample, 40% of persons who drink at hazardous levels, 34% of persons who drink at nonhazardous levels, and 19% of persons who do not drink were interested in a self-management app for alcohol use. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that nonhazardous drinking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.78; confidence interval [CI 95%]: 1.10–2.88) and hazardous drinking (AOR = 2.58; CI: 1.60–4.16) were associated with interest, controlling for age, gender, education, and drug use. Regarding mobile technology use, most of the sample reported smartphone ownership (56%), text messaging (89%), and at least one cell phone app (69%). Conclusions Regardless of drinking level, overall mobile technology use among PLWH was moderate, whereas PLWH who consumed alcohol expressed greater interest in a cell phone app to self-manage alcohol use. This indicates that many PLWH who drink would be interested in and prepared for a mobile technology–based intervention to reduce alcohol consumption.
UV radiation-induced SUMOylation of DDB2 regulates nucleotide excision repair
Authors: Han Chunhua , Zhao Ran , Kroger John , He Jinshan , Wani Gulzar , Wang Qi-En , Wani Altaf A 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Subunit 2 of DNA damage-binding protein complex (DDB2) is an early sensor of nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway for eliminating DNA damage induced by UV radiation (UVR) and cisplatin treatments of mammalian cells. DDB2 is modified by ubiquitin and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) in response to UVR, and these modifications play a crucial role in regulating NER. Here, using immuno-analysis of irradiated cell extracts, we have identified multiple post-irradiation modifications of DDB2 protein. Interestingly, although the DNA lesions induced by both UVR and cisplatin are corrected by NER, only the UV irradiation, but not the cisplatin treatment, induces any discernable DDB2 modifications. We, for the first time, show that the appearance of UVR-induced DDB2 modifications depend on the binding of DDB2 to the damaged chromatin and the participation of functionally active 26S proteasome. The in vitro and in vivo analysis revealed that SUMO-1 conjugations comprise a significant portion of these UVR-induced DDB2 modifications. Mapping of SUMO-modified sites demonstrated that UVR-induced SUMOylation occurs on Lys-309 residue of DDB2 protein. Mutation of Lys-309 to Arg-309 diminished the DDB2 SUMOylation observable both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, K309R mutated DDB2 lost its function of recruiting XPC to the DNA damage sites, as well as the ability to repair cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers following cellular UV irradiation. Taken together, our results indicate that DDB2 is modified by SUMOylation upon UV irradiation, and this post-translational modification plays an important role in the initial recognition and processing of UVR-induced DNA damage occurring within the context of chromatin.
De novo genome assembly and annotation of Australia's largest freshwater fish, the Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), from Illumina and Nanopore sequencing read
Authors: Austin Christopher M. , Tan Mun Hua , Harrisson Katherine A. , Lee Yin Peng , Croft Laurence J. , Sunnucks Paul , Pavlova Alexandra , Gan Han Ming 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
One of the most iconic Australian fish is the Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell 1838), a freshwater species that can grow to ~1.8 metres in length and live to age ≥48 years. The Murray cod is of a conservation concern as a result of strong population contractions, but it is also popular for recreational fishing and is of growing aquaculture interest. In this study, we report the whole genome sequence of the Murray cod to support ongoing population genetics, conservation, and management research, as well as to better understand the evolutionary ecology and history of the species. A draft Murray cod genome of 633 Mbp (N50 = 109 974bp; BUSCO and CEGMA completeness of 94.2% and 91.9%, respectively) with an estimated 148 Mbp of putative repetitive sequences was assembled from the combined sequencing data of 2 fish individuals with an identical maternal lineage; 47.2 Gb of Illumina HiSeq data and 804 Mb of Nanopore data were generated from the first individual while 23.2 Gb of Illumina MiSeq data were generated from the second individual. The inclusion of Nanopore reads for scaffolding followed by subsequent gap-closing using Illumina data led to a 29% reduction in the number of scaffolds and a 55% and 54% increase in the scaffold and contig N50, respectively. We also report the first transcriptome of Murray cod that was subsequently used to annotate the Murray cod genome, leading to the identification of 26 539 protein-coding genes. We present the whole genome of the Murray cod and anticipate this will be a catalyst for a range of genetic, genomic, and phylogenetic studies of the Murray cod and more generally other fish species of the Percichthydae family.
Cerebral Aneurysm Size and Distal Intracranial Hemodynamics: An Assessment of Flow and Pulsatility Index Using Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Hussein Ahmed E , Brunozzi Denise , Shakur Sophia F , Ismail Rahim , Charbel Fady T , Alaraj Ali 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The relationship between cerebral aneurysm size and risk of rupture is well documented, but the impact of aneurysms on distal intracranial hemodynamics is unknown.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the relationship between aneurysm size and distal intracranial hemodynamics prior to treatment.

METHODS
Patients seen at our institution between 2006 and 2015 with cerebral aneurysms within the internal carotid artery (ICA) segments (proximal to ICA terminus) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if the aneurysm was unruptured, and were excluded if a contralateral aneurysm was present. Flows within bilateral ICAs and middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were measured prior to any treatment using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography. Pulsatility index (PI = [systolic − diastolic flow velocity]/mean flow velocity) within each vessel was then calculated. Hemodynamic parameters were analyzed with respect to aneurysm size.

RESULTS
Forty-two patients were included. Mean aneurysm size was 13.5 mm (range 2-40 mm). There was a significant correlation between aneurysm size and ipsilateral MCA PI (P = .006; r = 0.441), MCAipsilateral/ICAipsilateral PI ratio (P = .003; r = 0.57), and MCAipsilateral/MCAcontralateral PI ratio (P = .008; r = 0.43). Mean PI in the ipsilateral ICA was 0.38 (range 0.17-0.77) and ipsilateral MCA was 0.31 (range 0.08-0.83), and mean PI in contralateral ICA was 0.35 (range 0.19-0.57) and MCA was 0.30 (range 0.07-0.89).

CONCLUSION
Larger aneurysm size correlates with higher ipsilateral MCA PI, demonstrating that aneurysms affect distal intracranial hemodynamics.
The Afya Bora Fellowship: An Innovative Program Focused on Creating an Interprofessional Network of Leaders in Global Health
Authors: Green Wendy M. , Farquhar Carey , Mashalla Yohana 
Published: July 2017

Problem
Most current health professions education programs are focused on the development of clinical skills. As a result, they may not address the complex and interconnected nature of global health. Trainees require relevant clinical, programmatic, and leadership skills to meet the challenges of practicing in an increasingly globalized environment.

Approach
To develop health care leaders within sub-Saharan Africa, the Afya Bora Consortium developed a one-year fellowship for medical doctors and nurses. Fellows from nine institutions in the United States and sub-Saharan Africa participate in 12 learning modules focused on leadership development and program management. Classroom-based training is augmented with an experiential apprenticeship component.

Outcomes
Since 2011, 100 fellows have graduated from the program. During their apprenticeships, fellows developed projects beneficial to their development and to host organizations. The program has developed fellows’ skills in leadership, lent expertise to local organizations, and built knowledge in local contexts. Most fellows have returned to their countries of origin, thus building local capacity. U.S.-based fellows examine global health challenges from regional perspectives and learn from sub-Saharan African experts and peers.

Next Steps
The Consortium provides ongoing support to alumni through career development awards and alumni network engagement with current and past fellow cohorts. The Consortium expanded from its initial network of five countries to six and continues to seek opportunities for geographical and institutional expansion.
Establishing Obstetric Anesthesiology Practice Guidelines in the Republic of Armenia
Authors: Yuill Gordon , Amroyan Ashot , Millar Simon , Vardapetyan Emil , Habib Ashraf S. , Owen Medge D. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Disparity exists in anesthesia practices between high- and low-to-middle income countries, and awareness has been raised within the global health community to improve the standards of anesthesia care and patient safety. The establishment of international collaborations and appropriate practice guidelines may help address clinical care deficiencies. This report’s aim was to assess the impact of a multiyear collaboration on obstetric anesthesia practices in the Republic of Armenia.

Methods
An invited multinational team of physicians conducted six visits to Armenia between 2006 and 2015 to observe current practice and establish standards of obstetric anesthesia care. The Armenian Society of Anaesthesiologists and Intensive Care specialists collected data on the numbers of vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery, and neuraxial anesthesia use in maternity units during the period. Data were analyzed with the Fisher exact or chi-square test, as appropriate.

Results
Neuraxial anesthesia use for cesarean delivery increased significantly (P < 0.0001) in all 10 maternity hospitals within the capital city of Yerevan. For epidural labor analgesia, there was sustained or increased use in only two hospitals. For hospitals located outside the capital city, there was a similar increase in the use of neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean delivery that was greater in hospitals that were visited by an external team (P < 0.0001); however, use of epidural labor analgesia was not increased significantly. Over the course of the collaboration, guidelines for obstetric anesthesia were drafted and approved by the Armenian Ministry of Health.

Conclusions
Collaboration between Armenian anesthesiologists and dedicated visiting physicians to update and standardize obstetric anesthesia practices led to national practice guidelines and sustained improvements in clinical care in the Republic of Armenia.
Prevention of Ankle Sprain Injuries in Youth Soccer and Basketball: Effectiveness of a Neuromuscular Training Program and Examining Risk Factors
Authors: Owoeye Oluwatoyosi B. A. , Palacios-Derflingher Luz M. , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:
The primary objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up program in reducing the risk of ankle sprain injury (ASI) in youth soccer and basketball. The secondary objective included the evaluation of risk factors for ASI.

Study Design:
Secondary analysis of pooled data from 5 studies.

Participants:
Male and female youth (11-18 years) soccer and basketball players (n = 2265) in Alberta, Canada.

Outcome Measures:
Ankle sprain injury was the primary outcome and was recorded using a validated prospective injury surveillance system consistent in all studies. The primary exposure of interest was NMT warm-up, which included aerobic, strength, agility, and balance components. Multivariable Poisson regression, controlling for clustering by team and offset for exposure hours, was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with considerations for confounding and effect modification and evaluating all covariates as potential risk factors.

Results:
A total of 188 ASIs were reported in 171 players. Neuromuscular training significantly reduced the risk of ASI [IRR = 0.68 (95% CI; 0.46-0.99)]. Independent risk factors for ASI included previous ASI [IRR = 1.98 (95% CI; 1.38-2.81)] and participation in basketball versus soccer [IRR = 1.83 (95% CI; 1.18-2.85)]. Sex, age, body mass index, and previous lower extremity injury (without previous ASI) did not predict ASI (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Exposure to an NMT program is significantly protective for ASI in youth soccer and basketball. Risk of ASI in youth basketball is greater than soccer, and players with a history of ASI are at greater risk.
Trends in Hysteropexy and Apical Support for Uterovaginal Prolapse in the United States from 2002 to 2012
Authors: Madsen Annetta M. , Raker Christina , Sung Vivian W. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives
Our objective was to describe trends in hysteropexy and apical support for uterovaginal prolapse (UVP) from 2002 to 2012 in the United States. We identified patient and hospital variables associated with hysteropexy and apical support.

Methods
We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes to identify a population of women 18 years or older with UVP undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2012. Procedures were categorized as (1) hysteropexy, (2) obliterative with uterine preservation, (3) hysterectomy with apical support, (4) hysterectomy without apical support, and (5) other reconstruction without apical support. Categories were dichotomized into those with and without apical support. We used survey weights to obtain nationally representative estimates; χ2 and linear and logistic regression compared procedure groups.

Results
An estimated 815,184 hospital discharges of pelvic organ prolapse procedures for UVP occurred from 2002 to 2012. During this time, hysteropexies increased from 1.81% to 5.00% (P < 0.0001). From 2002 to 2012, hysterectomies with apical support increased (10.07% to 32.51%, P < 0.0001), hysterectomy without apical support decreased (27.14% to 17.12%, P < 0.0001), and reconstruction without apical support decreased (59.07% to 40.48%, P < 0.0001). In most recent years 2011 to 2012, 60% of women with UVP underwent inpatient surgery without an apical procedure. Age 52 years or older, Medicare payment, Northeast region, and urban teaching hospitals were associated with increased odds of apical support for UVP (P < 0.001 for all).

Conclusions
Hysteropexy significantly increased in the United States from 2002 to 2012, although the overall proportion remains low. While hysterectomy without apical support is decreasing, approximately 60% of inpatient procedures performed for UVP do not address the apex.
Bayesian Unidimensional Scaling for visualizing uncertainty in high dimensional datasets with latent ordering of observations
Authors: Nguyen Lan Huong , Holmes Susan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundDetecting patterns in high-dimensional multivariate datasets is non-trivial. Clustering and dimensionality reduction techniques often help in discerning inherent structures. In biological datasets such as microbial community composition or gene expression data, observations can be generated from a continuous process, often unknown. Estimating data points’ ‘natural ordering’ and their corresponding uncertainties can help researchers draw insights about the mechanisms involved.ResultsWe introduce a Bayesian Unidimensional Scaling (BUDS) technique which extracts dominant sources of variation in high dimensional datasets and produces their visual data summaries, facilitating the exploration of a hidden continuum. The method maps multivariate data points to latent one-dimensional coordinates along their underlying trajectory, and provides estimated uncertainty bounds. By statistically modeling dissimilarities and applying a DiSTATIS registration method to their posterior samples, we are able to incorporate visualizations of uncertainties in the estimated data trajectory across different regions using confidence contours for individual data points. We also illustrate the estimated overall data density across different areas by including density clouds. One-dimensional coordinates recovered by BUDS help researchers discover sample attributes or covariates that are factors driving the main variability in a dataset. We demonstrated usefulness and accuracy of BUDS on a set of published microbiome 16S and RNA-seq and roll call data.ConclusionsOur method effectively recovers and visualizes natural orderings present in datasets. Automatic visualization tools for data exploration and analysis are available at:https://nlhuong.shinyapps.io/visTrajectory/.
In Rift Valley settings with a feedback loop, assortative mating for versatility predicts hominin brain enlargement in some detail
Authors: Calvin William H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHominin procedures for fire-starting, sharpening rocks, and softening roots by pounding or chopping require sustained attention for hours; shade is sought in the brush fringe bordering a grassland. Clustering these more versatile adults, while others are away hunting and gathering, provides a setup for assortative mating. This can lengthen attention span, enhance versatility and, with it, brain size. The rate of enlargement is accelerated by a boom-and-bust cycle in their meat supply, predicting the observed initiation of enlargement at −2.3 myr in the Rift Valley once boom-prone grazers evolved from the mixed feeders. Several months after lightning created a burn scar back in the brush, the new grassland enables a population boom for those grazers that discover it. Several decades later as brush regrows, they are pushed back. Their hominin followers, wicked in from the grassland’s shady fringe, boom together with the burn-scar grazers. They then follow their meat supply back to the main population. This creates an amplifying feedback loop, shiftingHomogene frequencies centrally. Brush fires are so frequent that the cosmic ray mutation rate becomes enlargement’s rate-limiter, consistent with 460 cm3/myr remaining constant during many climate shifts. The apparent tripling of enlargement rate in the last 0.2 myr vanished when the non-ancestors were omitted. AsianHomo erectusenlargement lags the ancestral trend line by 0.5 myr. Neanderthals lag somewhat less but have a late size spurt after the −70 kyrHomo sapiensOut of Africa, suggesting enlargement genes were acquired via interbreeding.