bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
World Health Organization estimates of the global and regional disease burden of four foodborne chemical toxins, 2010: a data synthesis
Authors: Gibb Herman , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Bolger P. Michael , Wu Felicia , Ezendam Janine , Cliff Julie , Zeilmaker Marco , Verger Philippe , Pitt John , Baines Janis , Adegoke Gabriel , Afshari Reza , Liu Yan , Bokkers Bas , van Loveren Henk , Mengelers Marcel , Brandon Esther , Havelaar Arie H. , Bellinger David 
Published: December 2015

Background Chemical exposures have been associated with a variety of health effects; however, little is known about the global disease burden from foodborne chemicals. Food can be a major pathway for the general population’s exposure to chemicals, and for some chemicals, it accounts for almost 100% of exposure. Methods and Findings Groups of foodborne chemicals, both natural and anthropogenic, were evaluated for their ability to contribute to the burden of disease. The results of the analyses on four chemicals are presented here - cyanide in cassava, peanut allergen, aflatoxin, and dioxin. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted to develop age- and sex-specific disease incidence and mortality estimates due to these chemicals. From these estimates, the numbers of cases, deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated. For these four chemicals combined, the total number of illnesses, deaths, and DALYs in 2010 is estimated to be 339,000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 186,000-1,239,000); 20,000 (95% UI: 8,000-52,000); and 1,012,000 (95% UI: 562,000-2,822,000), respectively. Both cyanide in cassava and aflatoxin are associated with diseases with high case-fatality ratios. Virtually all human exposure to these four chemicals is through the food supply. Conclusion Chemicals in the food supply, as evidenced by the results for only four chemicals, can have a significant impact on the global burden of disease. The case-fatality rates for these four chemicals range from low (e.g., peanut allergen) to extremely high (aflatoxin and liver cancer). The effects associated with these four chemicals are neurologic (cyanide in cassava), cancer (aflatoxin), allergic response (peanut allergen), endocrine (dioxin), and reproductive (dioxin).
Teaching the Russian and Foreign Languages within the Framework of Integrated Linguistic Education Strategy
Authors: Горлова  , Gorlova N. 
Published: December 2015

The paper deals with the issue of forming general-purpose educational activities (personal, meta-subject and subject) in the course of teaching the
Russian and foreign languages. Covered are the essence, structure and substance of the versatile learner-centered strategy of linguistic education,
oriented at personality development of a preschooler, a primary school pupil and a teenager when mastering oral-speech activity in the Russian
language (as a native as well as a foreign language), in a foreign language, as well as in a language of teaching any school subject.
Complex Approach to Securing Consistency in the System of Spiritual and Moral Development of Learners at the Primary and General Stages of School Education
Authors: Бежевец  , Bezhevets D. 
Published: December 2015

The paper deals with the issue of securing consistency in the system of spiritual and moral development of schoolchildren while they move up from
primary to secondary school. Based on testing the author’s working program the reasonability of complex approach to organizing spiritual and
moral upbringing within the school education system is proved.
Identity, Investment, and Faces of English Internationally
Authors: Norton Bonny 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article has been developed from a keynote address given at the June 2015 Faces of English conference held at the University of Hong Kong. The article examines the trajectory of Bonny Norton’s research on identity and language learning, highlighting her construct of investment, developed as a sociological complement to the psychological construct of motivation (Norton, 2013). An important focus of the paper is the expanded 2015 model of investment (Darvin & Norton, 2015), which responds to the changing communicative landscape of an increasingly digital world, and locates investment at the intersection of identity, capital, and ideology. Norton exemplifies her theories with data drawn from her collaborative research on English language learning in Canada, Pakistan, Uganda, and Iran. With reference to digital storytelling as a promising classroom practice, she argues that the challenge for English language teachers internationally is to promote learner investment in the language and literacy practices of classrooms by increasing the range of identities available to English language learners.
Comparison Between Peer Mediation and Teacher Mediation in Dynamic EFL Writing Assessment: A Case Study
Authors: Li Di 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe present case study explores the effects of mediation of dynamic assessment (DA) on EFL writing development of English majors. Two junior English majors and their English writing teacher in a Chinese university were involved in a DA writing task. Student B was asked to write an application letter in English of around 500 words during her spare time. Student A and the teacher, as the mediators, tried to help her improve the essay based on her Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). The dialogues in the two mediation processes were recorded and transcribed. Analysis of the data from Student B’s compositions and the recorded talks during the mediation process showed that there are some similarities between the two mediations including making more use of implicit prompts to guide the learner and playing a positive role to facilitate EFL language growth, especially grammar. The analysis, however, also showed great differences. The teacher tutor attempted more prompts and more implicit strategies than the peer to show that the teacher could do a better job in exploring the learner’s ZPD. Even so, the peer might be of important help in improving the language and content before a teacher mediation in the DA process.
The Interaction of Terahertz Waves and a Dusty Plasma Slab with Epstein Distribution
Authors: Wang Maoyan , Xu Zhitao , Dong Yuliang , Xu Jun , Zhang Meng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Auxiliary Differential Equation Finite Difference Time Domain (ADE-FDTD) method is applied to study the electromagnetic scattering of a dusty plasma sheath with Epstein distribution. The charging response factor of dust particles and angular plasma frequency of the dusty plasma are functions of space-varying electron density with an Epstein profile. The verification of the numerical ADE-FDTD algorithm for the dusty plasma is given. The propagation properties of Terahertz (THz) waves through a dusty plasma slab affected by the characteristic parameter and modulation factor of the Epstein distribution are discussed. The absorption coefficients of the slab influenced by the electron density, density of dust particles, and effective collision frequency are studied. It is shown that Terahertz waves may be an efficient tool for high density dusty plasmas detection and diagnostics.
Transmission of Duobinary Signal in Optical 40 GHz Millimeter-Wave Radio-Over-Fiber Systems Utilizing Dual-Arm LiNbO3 Mach–Zehnder Modulator for Downstream
Authors: Dong-Nhat Nguyen , Malekmohammadi Amin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper, for the first time transmission of 2.5 Gb/s duobinary signal is investigated for the downlink direction in 40 GHz optical millimeter-wave generation or up-conversion, utilizing a dual-arm
Adrenalectomy reduces the risk of vertebral fractures in patients with monolateral adrenal incidentalomas and subclinical hypercortisolism
Authors: Salcuni Antonio Stefano , Morelli Valentina , Eller Vainicher Cristina , Palmieri Serena , Cairoli Elisa , Spada Anna , Scillitani Alfredo , Chiodini Iacopo 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveSubclinical hypercortisolism (SH) is associated with increased risk of vertebral fractures (VFx). The effect on bone following recovery from SH is unknown.DesignOf the 605 subjects consecutively referred for monolateral adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) to our outpatient clinics, 55 SH patients (recruited on the basis of the exclusion criteria) were enrolled. We suggested to all patients to undergo adrenalectomy, which was accepted by 32 patients (surgical group, age 61.3±8.1 years) and refused by 23 patients, who were followed with a conservative management (non-surgical group, age 65.4±7.1 years).MethodsWe diagnosed SH in patients with serum cortisol after 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (1 mg-DST) >5.0 μg/dl or with greater than or equal to two criteria among 1 mg-DST >3.0 μg/dl, urinary free cortisol >70 μg/24 h and ACTH <10 pg/ml. We assessed: bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (as Z-score) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the VFx presence by X-ray at baseline and at the end of follow up (surgical group 39.9±20.9 months and non-surgical group 27.7±11.1 months).ResultsThe LS Z-score (ΔZ-score/year) tended to increase in the surgical group (0.10±0.20) compared with the non-surgical group (−0.01±0.27, P=0.08) and in the former, the percentage of patients with new VFx was lower (9.4%) than in the latter (52.2%, P<0.0001). Surgery in AI patients with SH was associated with a 30% VFx risk reduction (odds ratio 0.7, 95% CI 0.01–0.05, P=0.008) regardless of age, gender, follow up duration, 1 mg-DST, LS BMD, and presence of VFx at baseline.ConclusionIn patients with monolateral AI and SH, adrenalectomy reduces the risk of VFx.
An RNAi-Based Candidate Screen for Modifiers of the CHD1 Chromatin Remodeler and Assembly Factor in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kim Sharon , Bugga Lakshmi , Hong Eugenie S , Zabinsky Rebecca , Edwards Rebecca G , Deodhar Parimal A , Armstrong Jennifer A 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The conserved chromatin remodeling and assembly factor CHD1 (chromodomains, helicase, DNA-binding domain) is present at active genes where it participates in histone turnover and recycling during transcription. In order to gain a more complete understanding of the mechanism of action of CHD1 during development, we created a novel genetic assay in Drosophila melanogaster to evaluate potential functional interactions between CHD1 and other chromatin factors. We found that overexpression of CHD1 results in defects in wing development and utilized this fully penetrant and reliable phenotype to conduct a small-scale RNAi-based candidate screen to identify genes that functionally interact with chd1 in vivo. Our results indicate that CHD1 may act in opposition to other remodeling factors, including INO80, and that the recruitment of CHD1 to active genes by RTF1 is conserved in flies.
Genomic Prediction Accounting for Residual Heteroskedasticity
Authors: Ou Zhining , Tempelman Robert J , Steibel Juan P , Ernst Catherine W , Bates Ronald O , Bello Nora M 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWhole-genome prediction (WGP) models that use single-nucleotide polymorphism marker information to predict genetic merit of animals and plants typically assume homogeneous residual variance. However, variability is often heterogeneous across agricultural production systems and may subsequently bias WGP-based inferences. This study extends classical WGP models based on normality, heavy-tailed specifications and variable selection to explicitly account for environmentally-driven residual heteroskedasticity under a hierarchical Bayesian mixed-models framework. WGP models assuming homogeneous or heterogeneous residual variances were fitted to training data generated under simulation scenarios reflecting a gradient of increasing heteroskedasticity. Model fit was based on pseudo-Bayes factors and also on prediction accuracy of genomic breeding values computed on a validation data subset one generation removed from the simulated training dataset. Homogeneous vs. heterogeneous residual variance WGP models were also fitted to two quantitative traits, namely 45-min postmortem carcass temperature and loin muscle pH, recorded in a swine resource population dataset prescreened for high and mild residual heteroskedasticity, respectively. Fit of competing WGP models was compared using pseudo-Bayes factors. Predictive ability, defined as the correlation between predicted and observed phenotypes in validation sets of a five-fold cross-validation was also computed. Heteroskedastic error WGP models showed improved model fit and enhanced prediction accuracy compared to homoskedastic error WGP models although the magnitude of the improvement was small (less than two percentage points net gain in prediction accuracy). Nevertheless, accounting for residual heteroskedasticity did improve accuracy of selection, especially on individuals of extreme genetic merit.
Mitochondrial–Nuclear Epistasis Impacts Fitness and Mitochondrial Physiology of InterpopulationCaenorhabditis briggsaeHybrids
Authors: Chang Chih-Chiun , Rodriguez Joel , Ross Joseph 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn order to identify the earliest genetic changes that precipitate species formation, it is useful to study genetic incompatibilities that cause only mild dysfunction when incompatible alleles are combined in an interpopulation hybrid. Such hybridization within the nematode species Caenorhabditis briggsae has been suggested to result in selection against certain combinations of nuclear and mitochondrial alleles, raising the possibility that mitochondrial–nuclear (mitonuclear) epistasis reduces hybrid fitness. To test this hypothesis, cytoplasmic–nuclear hybrids (cybrids) were created to purposefully disrupt any epistatic interactions. Experimental analysis of the cybrids suggests that mitonuclear discord can result in decreased fecundity, increased lipid content, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels. Many of these effects were asymmetric with respect to cross direction, as expected if cytoplasmic–nuclear Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities exist. One such effect is consistent with the interpretation that disrupting coevolved mitochondrial and nuclear loci impacts mitochondrial function and organismal fitness. These findings enhance efforts to study the genesis, identity, and maintenance of genetic incompatibilities that precipitate the speciation process.
ThewavyMutation Maps to theInositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate 3-Kinase 2(IP3K2) Gene ofDrosophilaand Interacts withIP3Rto Affect Wing Development
Authors: Dean Derek M , Maroja Luana S , Cottrill Sarah , Bomkamp Brent E , Westervelt Kathleen A , Deitcher David L 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) regulates a host of biological processes from egg activation to cell death. When IP3-specific receptors (IP3Rs) bind to IP3, they release calcium from the ER into the cytoplasm, triggering a variety of cell type- and developmental stage-specific responses. Alternatively, inositol polyphosphate kinases can phosphorylate IP3; this limits IP3R activation by reducing IP3 levels, and also generates new signaling molecules altogether. These divergent pathways draw from the same IP3 pool yet cause very different cellular responses. Therefore, controlling the relative rates of IP3R activation vs. phosphorylation of IP3 is essential for proper cell functioning. Establishing a model system that sensitively reports the net output of IP3 signaling is crucial for identifying the controlling genes. Here we report that mutant alleles of wavy (wy), a classic locus of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, map to IP3 3-kinase 2 (IP3K2), a member of the inositol polyphosphate kinase gene family. Mutations in wy disrupt wing structure in a highly specific pattern. RNAi experiments using GAL4 and GAL80ts indicated that IP3K2 function is required in the wing discs of early pupae for normal wing development. Gradations in the severity of the wy phenotype provide high-resolution readouts of IP3K2 function and of overall IP3 signaling, giving this system strong potential as a model for further study of the IP3 signaling network. In proof of concept, a dominant modifier screen revealed that mutations in IP3R strongly suppress the wy phenotype, suggesting that the wy phenotype results from reduced IP4 levels, and/or excessive IP3R signaling.
SAGA DUB-Ubp8 Deubiquitylates Centromeric Histone Variant Cse4
Authors: Canzonetta Claudia , Vernarecci Stefano , Iuliani Michele , Marracino Cristina , Belloni Claudia , Ballario Paola , Filetici Patrizia 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Aneuploidy, the unbalanced segregation of chromosomes during cell division, is recurrent in many tumors and the cause of birth defects and genetic diseases. Centromeric chromatin represents the chromosome attachment site to the mitotic spindle, marked by specialized nucleosomes containing a specific histone variant, CEN-H3/Cse4, in yeast. Mislocalization of Cse4 outside the centromere is deleterious and may cause aberrant chromosome behavior and mitotic loss. For this reason, ubiquitylation by the E3-ubiquitin ligase Psh1 and subsequent proteolysis tightly regulates its restricted localization. Among multiproteic machineries, the SAGA complex is not merely engaged in acetylation but also directly involved in deubiquitylation. In this study, we investigated the role of SAGA-DUB’s Ubp8-driven deubiquitylation of the centromeric histone variant Cse4 in budding yeast. We found that Ubp8 works in concert with the E3-ubiquitin ligase Psh1, and that its loss causes defective deubiquitylation and the accumulation of a short ubiquitin oligomer on Cse4. We also show that lack of Ubp8 and defective deubiquitylation increase mitotic instability, cause faster Cse4 proteolysis and induce mislocalization of the centromeric histone outside the centromere. Our data provide evidence for a fundamental role of DUB-Ubp8 in deubiquitylation and the stability of the centromeric histone in budding yeast.
Utilization of Natural Zeolite Catalyst Impregnated Sn Metal in Glucose Isomerization With Temperature Variations
Authors: Pamungkas Dwi Putri W. , Amalia Suci , Khalifah Susi Nurul 
Published: December 2015

<p>Studied the characteristics of natural zeolite catalysts activated and modifications and catalytic activity in the isomerization of glucose. Natural zeolite was activated by NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> 2 M obtained catalyst HZA. While modification using 0,24 M Sn metal impregnated on HZA obtained catalyst Sn-HZA. At this stage, hydrothermal process carried out at temperature of 90 °C for 12 hours followed by calcination at temperature of 500 °C for 4 hours. The characterization includes the XRD analysis, SEM-EDAX analysis, acidity by ammonia method, and surface area by adsorption of methylene blue method. Glucose conversion was obtained through analysis of polarimeter at hour-0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 with temperature variation of 110, 120, and 130 °C. Solution which had the highest conversion resulted by polarimeter was analyzed by HPLC. XRD analysis showed that there were no changes in the structure of zeolite after activation and modification process. SEM-EDAX analysis showed that morphology of the zeolite surface is not damaged and Sn metal was successfully impregnated 6,94 %. The activity of HZA and Sn-HZA was 1,4850 mmol/g and 2,3145 mmol/g. while the surface area of HZA and Sn-HZA was 11,4077 m<sup>2</sup>/g and 11,4738 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Using the Sn-HZA catalyst with the reaction temperature of 120 °C provides the highest conversion of glucose and fructose selectivity. It were 14,0733 % w/v and 0,646 % w/v.<em> </em></p><p class="BodyAbstract"> </p><strong><em>Keywords</em>:</strong> <em>Catalyst, glucose, isomerization, natural zeolite, Sn metal.</em>
Isolation and Characterization of Rice Bran Protein Using NaOH Solution
Authors: Jannah Akyunul 
Published: December 2015

<p class="BodyAbstract"><span lang="IN">The high protein content in rice bran potential to be developed into food. The purpose of this study was to isolate the protein in rice bran using NaOH solution with various concentration of 0.05; 0.1; 0.15; 0.2 M and characterization of functional properties. The results showed the concentration of 0.2 M NaOH produced the best results. The protein content obtained was 82%, stability of emulsion of 42% and 47% stabilty of foam.</span></p><p class="BodyAbstract"> </p><p class="BodyAbstract"><em><strong><span lang="IN">Keywords</span></strong><strong>:</strong> NaOH, protein, rice bran</em></p>
Greater carbon allocation to mycorrhizal fungi reduces tree nitrogen uptake in a boreal forest
Authors: Hasselquist Niles J. , Metcalfe Daniel B. , Inselsbacher Erich , Stangl Zsofia , Oren Ram , Näsholm Torgny , Högberg Peter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe central role that ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbioses play in the structure and function of boreal forests pivots around the common assumption that carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are exchanged at rates favorable for plant growth. However, this may not always be the case. It has been hypothesized that the benefits mycorrhizal fungi convey to their host plants strongly depends upon the availability of C and N, both of which are rapidly changing as a result of intensified human land use and climate change. Using large‐scale shading and N addition treatments, we assessed the independent and interactive effects of changes in C and N supply on the transfer of N in intact EM associations with ~15 yr. old Scots pine trees. To assess the dynamics of N transfer in EM symbioses, we added trace amounts of highly enriched 15NO3‐ label to the EM‐dominated mor‐layer and followed the fate of the 15N label in tree foliage, fungal chitin on EM root tips, and EM sporocarps. Despite no change in leaf biomass, shading resulted in reduced tree C uptake, ca. 40% lower fungal biomass on EM root tips, and greater 15N label in tree foliage compared to unshaded control plots, where more 15N label was found in fungal biomass on EM colonized root tips. Short‐term addition of N shifted the incorporation of 15N label from EM fungi to tree foliage, despite no significant changes in below‐ground tree C allocation to EM fungi. Contrary to the common assumption that C and N are exchanged at rates favorable for plant growth, our results show for the first time that under N‐limited conditions greater C allocation to EM fungi in the field results in reduced, not increased, N transfer to host trees. Moreover, given the ubiquitous nature of mycorrhizal symbioses, our results stress the need to incorporate mycorrhizal dynamics into process‐based ecosystem models to better predict forest C and N cycles in light of global climate change.
On the Contradiction of Applying Rolled Threads to Bolting Exposed to Hydrogen-Bearing Environments
Authors: Craig Bruce D. 
Published: December 2015

Summary
Numerous industries continue to experience bolting failures as a result of hydrogen stress cracking (HSC) when exposed to hydrogen-bearing environments such as seawater with cathodic protection (CP) or as a result of insufficient baking after plating operations. This paper describes the mistaken, but long-held, belief that because rolled threads are beneficial for fatigue resistance, they are at best not injurious to the performance of bolting from other causes of failure such as environmental cracking.