bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Novel Software Algorithms to Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Adhi Mehreen , Semy Salim K. , Stein David W. , Potter Daniel M. , Kuklinski Walter S. , Sleeper Harry A. , Duker Jay S. , Waheed Nadia K. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To present novel software algorithms applied to spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for automated detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Thirty-one diabetic patients (44 eyes) and 18 healthy, nondiabetic controls (20 eyes) who underwent volumetric SD-OCT imaging and fundus photography were retrospectively identified. A retina specialist independently graded DR stage. Trained automated software generated a retinal thickness score signifying macular edema and a cluster score signifying microaneurysms and/or hard exudates for each volumetric SD-OCT.

RESULTS:
Of 44 diabetic eyes, 38 had DR and six eyes did not have DR. Leave-one-out cross-validation using a linear discriminant at missed detection/false alarm ratio of 3.00 computed software sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 69%, respectively, for DR detection when compared to clinical assessment.

CONCLUSION:
Novel software algorithms applied to commercially available SD-OCT can successfully detect DR and may have potential as a viable screening tool for DR in future.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:410–417.]
Knowing and doing emotions in times of crisis and radical change
Authors: Messner Angelika C. 
Published: May 2016

Cet article emprunte de nouveaux chemins dans l’examen des connaissances et des pratiques émotionnelles dans l’histoire de la Chine. En prenant en considération cette double dimension, il explore d’une part l’intérêt marqué pour la sensibilité qui se manifeste au cours du xvie siècle et d’autre part les modalités de perception de la souffrance durant les longues décennies de la dramatique transition dynastique au début du xviie siècle. En accordant aussi une attention particulière à la notion de gestualité corporelle (les mouvements et les comportements à travers lesquels les émotions existent, sont exprimées et sont vécues), cette double approche permet de croiser différents textes, dont des sources littéraires, philosophiques et médicales. Portant un regard spécifique sur les sédimentations corporelles des émotions, je montre comment pendant la période observée (xvie-xviie siècles), les individus étaient d’abord attentifs aux processus physiques, et refusaient de suivre les schémas émotionnels venant du néoconfucianisme
Accord entre le Japon et la Corée du Sud concernant les « femmes de réconfort », une reconnaissance faisant obstacle aux réparations
Authors: Kouzmine Jérémie 
Published: May 2016

Le 28 décembre 2015, le Ministre des affaires étrangères japonais, Fumio Kishida, a reconnu au nom de son gouvernement la responsabilité du Japon dans les faits de violences sexuelles commis à partir de 1932 et particulièrement au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, par les soldats de l'armée japonaise envers des femmes coréennes, chinoises et philippines. Cette déclaration, à la fois diplomatique et symbolique, s’accompagne de la création d'un fonds pour les victimes, doté d'un billion de yens. Si la lutte de ces « femmes de réconfort » pour obtenir réparation dure depuis plusieurs décennies, la réponse apportée par le gouvernement japonais est pourtant loin d’être pleinement satisfaisante.
IL-3 Decreases Cartilage Degeneration by Downregulating Matrix Metalloproteinases and Reduces Joint Destruction in Osteoarthritic Mice
Authors: Kour Supinder , Garimella Manasa G. , Shiroor Divya A. , Mhaske Suhas T. , Joshi Snehal R. , Singh Kanupriya , Pal Subhashis , Mittal Monika , Krishnan Hari B. , Chattopadhyay Naibedya , Ulemale Anil H. , Wani Mohan R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease of articular joints that leads to degeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone. These degenerative changes are further aggravated by proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and TNF-α. Previously, we have reported that IL-3, a cytokine secreted by activated T cells, protects cartilage and bone damage in murine models of inflammatory and rheumatoid arthritis. However, how IL-3 protects cartilage degeneration is not yet known. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-3 on cartilage degeneration under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. We found that both mouse and human chondrocytes show strong expression of IL-3R at gene and protein levels. IL-3 increases the expression of mouse chondrocyte-specific genes, Sox9 and collagen type IIa, which were downregulated by IL-1β. Moreover, IL-3 downregulated IL-1β– and TNF-α–induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases in both mouse and human chondrocytes. Interestingly, IL-3 reduces the degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone microarchitecture in a mouse model of human OA. Moreover, IL-3 showed the preventive and therapeutic effects on cartilage degeneration induced by IL-1β in micromass pellet cultures of human mesenchymal stem cells. Thus, to our knowledge, we provide the first evidence that IL-3 has therapeutic potential in amelioration of degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone microarchitecture associated with OA.
Alveolar Epithelial Cell–Derived Prostaglandin E2 Serves as a Request Signal for Macrophage Secretion of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 during Innate Inflammation
Authors: Speth Jennifer M. , Bourdonnay Emilie , Penke Loka Raghu Kumar , Mancuso Peter , Moore Bethany B. , Weinberg Jason B. , Peters-Golden Marc 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Preservation of gas exchange mandates that the pulmonary alveolar surface restrain unnecessarily harmful inflammatory responses to the many challenges to which it is exposed. These responses reflect the cross-talk between alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and resident alveolar macrophages (AMs). We recently determined that AMs can secrete suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins within microparticles. Uptake of these SOCS-containing vesicles by epithelial cells inhibits cytokine-induced STAT activation. However, the ability of epithelial cells to direct AM release of SOCS-containing vesicles in response to inflammatory insults has not been studied. In this study, we report that SOCS3 protein was elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of both virus- and bacteria-infected mice, as well as in an in vivo LPS model of acute inflammation. In vitro studies revealed that AEC-conditioned medium (AEC-CM) enhanced AM SOCS3 secretion above basal levels. Increased amounts of PGE2 were present in AEC-CM after LPS challenge, and both pharmacologic inhibition of PGE2 synthesis in AECs and neutralization of PGE2 in AEC-CM implicated this prostanoid as the major AEC-derived factor mediating enhanced AM SOCS3 secretion. Moreover, pharmacologic blockade of PGE2 synthesis or genetic deletion of a PGE2 synthase similarly attenuated the increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid SOCS3 noted in lungs of mice challenged with LPS in vivo. These results demonstrate a novel tunable form of cross-talk in which AECs use PGE2 as a signal to request SOCS3 from AMs to dampen their endogenous inflammatory responses during infection.
The Hayflick Limit May Determine the Effective Clonal Diversity of Naive T Cells
Authors: Ndifon Wilfred , Dushoff Jonathan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Having a large number of sufficiently abundant T cell clones is important for adequate protection against diseases. However, as shown in this paper and elsewhere, between young adulthood and &gt;70 y of age the effective clonal diversity of naive CD4/CD8 T cells found in human blood declines by a factor of &gt;10. (Effective clonal diversity accounts for both the number and the abundance of T cell clones.) The causes of this observation are incompletely understood. A previous study proposed that it might result from the emergence of certain rare, replication-enhancing mutations in T cells. In this paper, we propose an even simpler explanation: that it results from the loss of T cells that have attained replicative senescence (i.e., the Hayflick limit). Stochastic numerical simulations of naive T cell population dynamics, based on experimental parameters, show that the rate of homeostatic T cell proliferation increases after the age of ∼60 y because naive T cells collectively approach replicative senescence. This leads to a sharp decline of effective clonal diversity after ∼70 y, in agreement with empirical data. A mathematical analysis predicts that, without an increase in the naive T cell proliferation rate, this decline will occur &gt;50 yr later than empirically observed. These results are consistent with a model in which exhaustion of the proliferative capacity of naive T cells causes a sharp decline of their effective clonal diversity and imply that therapeutic potentiation of thymopoiesis might either prevent or reverse this outcome.
Heightened Immune Activation in Fetuses with Gastroschisis May Be Blocked by Targeting IL-5
Authors: Frascoli Michela , Jeanty Cerine , Fleck Shannon , Moradi Patriss W. , Keating Sheila , Mattis Aras N. , Tang Qizhi , MacKenzie Tippi C. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The development of the fetal immune system during pregnancy is a well-orchestrated process with important consequences for fetal and neonatal health, but prenatal factors that affect immune activation are poorly understood. We hypothesized that chronic fetal inflammation may lead to alterations in development of the fetal immune system. To test this hypothesis, we examined neonates with gastroschisis, a congenital abdominal wall defect that leads to exposure of the fetal intestines to amniotic fluid, with resultant intestinal inflammation. We determined that patients with gastroschisis show high systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as eotaxin, as well as earlier activation of CD4+ and CD8+ effector and memory T cells in the cord blood compared with controls. Additionally, increased numbers of T cells and eosinophils infiltrate the serosa and mucosa of the inflamed intestines. Using a mouse model of gastroschisis, we observed higher numbers of eosinophils and both type 2 and type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2 and ILC3), specifically in the portion of organs exposed to the amniotic fluid. Given the role of IL-5 produced by ILC2 in regulating eosinophil development and survival, we determined that maternal or fetal administration of the anti–IL-5 neutralizing Ab, or a depleting Ab against ILCs, can both effectively reduce intestinal eosinophilia. Thus, a congenital anomaly causing chronic inflammation can alter the composition of circulating and tissue-resident fetal immune cells. Given the high rate of prenatal and neonatal complications in these patients, such changes have clinical significance and might become targets for fetal therapy.
Dynamics of Individual T Cell Repertoires: From Cord Blood to Centenarians
Authors: Britanova Olga V. , Shugay Mikhail , Merzlyak Ekaterina M. , Staroverov Dmitriy B. , Putintseva Ekaterina V. , Turchaninova Maria A. , Mamedov Ilgar Z. , Pogorelyy Mikhail V. , Bolotin Dmitriy A. , Izraelson Mark , Davydov Alexey N. , Egorov Evgeny S. , Kasatskaya Sofya A. , Rebrikov Denis V. , Lukyanov Sergey , Chudakov Dmitriy M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The diversity, architecture, and dynamics of the TCR repertoire largely determine our ability to effectively withstand infections and malignancies with minimal mistargeting of immune responses. In this study, we have employed deep TCRβ repertoire sequencing with normalization based on unique molecular identifiers to explore the long-term dynamics of T cell immunity. We demonstrate remarkable stability of repertoire, where approximately half of all T cells in peripheral blood are represented by clones that persist and generally preserve their frequencies for 3 y. We further characterize the extremes of lifelong TCR repertoire evolution, analyzing samples ranging from umbilical cord blood to centenarian peripheral blood. We show that the fetal TCR repertoire, albeit structurally maintained within regulated borders due to the lower numbers of randomly added nucleotides, is not limited with respect to observed functional diversity. We reveal decreased efficiency of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in umbilical cord blood, which may reflect specific regulatory mechanisms in development. Furthermore, we demonstrate that human TCR repertoires are functionally more similar at birth but diverge during life, and we track the lifelong behavior of CMV- and EBV-specific T cell clonotypes. Finally, we reveal gender differences in dynamics of TCR diversity constriction, which come to naught in the oldest age. Based on our data, we propose a more general explanation for the previous observations on the relationships between longevity and immunity.
ERβ in CD4+ T Cells Is Crucial for Ligand-Mediated Suppression of Central Nervous System Autoimmunity
Authors: Aggelakopoulou Maria , Kourepini Evangelia , Paschalidis Nikolaos , Panoutsakopoulou Vily 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The development of therapies for multiple sclerosis targeting pathogenic T cell responses remains imperative. Previous studies have shown that estrogen receptor (ER) β ligands could inhibit experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, the effects of ERβ-specific ligands on human or murine pathogenic immune cells, such as Th17, were not investigated. In this article, we show that the synthetic ERβ-specific ligand 4-(2-phenyl-5,7-bis[trifluoromethyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)phenol (PHTPP) reversed established paralysis and CNS inflammation, characterized by a dramatic suppression of pathogenic Th responses as well as induction of IL-10–producing regulatory CD4+ T cell subsets in vivo. Moreover, administration of PHTPP in symptomatic mice induced regulatory CD4+ T cells that were suppressive in vivo. PHTPP-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis amelioration was canceled in mice with ERβ-deficient CD4+ T cells only, indicating that expression of ERβ by these cells is crucial for the observed therapeutic effect. Importantly, synthetic ERβ-specific ligands acting directly on CD4+ T cells suppressed human and mouse Th17 cells, downregulating Th17 cell signature gene expression and expanding IL-10–producing T cells among them. TGF-β1 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation enhanced the ERβ ligand-mediated expansion of IL-10–producing T cells among Th17 cells. In addition, these ERβ-specific ligands promoted the induction and maintenance of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells, as well as their in vitro suppressive function. Thus, ERβ-specific ligands targeting pathogenic Th17 cells and inducing functional regulatory cells represent a promising subset of therapeutic agents for multiple sclerosis.
DVEIN. El 3D que respira
Authors: Herráiz Zornoza Beatriz 
Published: May 2016

<p>DVEIN es un estudio afincado en Barcelona, que ha realizado numerosos proyectos de créditos para festivales, “branding” televisivo, publicidad y vídeos musicales. El colectivo, en esta entrevista, hace un recorrido por su trayectoria profesional y nos cuenta cómo están trabajando actualmente.</p>
Levantamento da disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos em 32 municípios do Estado de Goiás / Survey of the disposal of municipal solid waste in thirty-two counties of the State of Goiás
Authors: Moreira Freitas Cristina 
Published: May 2016

Foram analisados 32 laudos elaborados por peritos do Instituto de Criminalística Leonardo Rodrigues, localizado em Goiânia, no período de 2005 a 2008, oriundos de ofícios encaminhados pela Delegacia Estadual de Investigações Sobre Infrações Contra o Meio Ambiente (DEMA), resultantes de locais de depósitos de resíduos sólidos urbanos em municípios do Estado de Goiás. Os seguintes aspectos foram verificados: se há tratamento de chorume; a distância de mananciais e perímetro urbano; a ocorrência de indiciamento judicial. Todos os locais analisados, apresentavam irregularidade, como falta de estruturas compatíveis com aterros sanitários, conforme as normas da ABNT. As respectivas prefeituras responsáveis pela disposição final do lixo foram tipificadas na Lei de Crimes Ambientais (Lei 9.605/98).
FUNCTIONALIZED SBRs IN SILICA-REINFORCED TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS: EVIDENCE FOR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SILICA FILLER AND ZINC OXIDE
Authors: Maghami S. , Dierkes W. K. , Noordermeer J. W. M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Unlike carbon black, silica is polar and naturally not compatible with nonpolar hydrocarbon elastomers. This lack of interaction or compatibility between the filler and the elastomer typically causes lower properties compared with carbon black–filled compounds. A common approach to deal with this problem is to use silane coupling agents in the system to link the silica and the polymer chains via covalent bonds. An alternative is the introduction of polar functional groups or chemically reactive groups into the elastomer chains, which can improve the compatibility of elastomers with fillers such as silica. In this article, the effect of three functionalized SBRs, one backbone modified with carboxylate moieties, one modified with dithiol groups, and one partially Si-coupled, on the dynamic and mechanical properties of a silica-reinforced tire tread compound will be discussed and compared with a reference compound that contains unmodified s-SBR as the main polymer. The results show the significant potential of two of these modified SBRs to reduce the rolling resistance of tire treads made thereof, while no major change in wet grip occurs. Zinc oxide is known as the best activator for sulfur vulcanization. Zn ions combine with accelerators to form an active complex that catalyzes the vulcanization process. However, in silica-filled compounds, ZnO may interfere with the silanization process because of its alkaline nature, and it may compete with the silanes in reacting with the acidic –OH groups on the surface of silica particles. When functionalized SBRs with higher polarity are used in silica compounds, ZnO may interact with these moieties as well. To investigate the effect of ZnO on the properties of the silica-reinforced tread compound, a series of compounds have been prepared, in which the addition of ZnO in a later stage was compared with conventional mixing. The dynamic and mechanical properties of the final compounds are discussed.
Students’ Voice in Learning Style Assessment: The Innovative Learning Experiences Tool (ILE)
Authors: Mkonto Nosisana Patricia 
Published: May 2016

<strong></strong><p>Students who enter higher education have diverse learning needs, andhigher education institutions need to provide for these needs. One way of dealing with this variety of learning needs is to empower students to play an active role in their own learning, by making them aware of their learning styles. Identifying learning styles is an important facet within the learning process. Assessing learning styles could provide students with an opportunity to be reflective, and interrogate how they learn. Students’ learning styles can be assessed by using a learning styles assessment tool. The Innovative Learning Experiences (ILE) which was developed in this study, caters for the students` voice where students reflect on their past and present learning experiences. </p><br /><strong> </strong>
Folklore’s Cybernetic Imaginary, or, Unpacking the Obvious
Authors: Dorst John D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This essay attempts to unpack a core principle of folklore’s "field-Imaginary." Characterized here as a cybernetic Ideal, folklorists take for granted that the folklore process entails a tension between mechanisms of randomizing variation and counter forces of stabilizing constraint, leading to some form of dynamic equilibrium. The argument is not that this foundational idea is wrong, but that the simple form in which we receive it from the field-Imaginary limits what we recognize as relevant to folklore studies. A more complex understanding of (neo)cybernetic thinking can help us enlarge our disciplinary frame and contemplate more critically the digital/ computational turn in folklore studies today.
The Neurofilament-Derived Peptide NFL-TBS.40-63 Targets Neural Stem Cells and Affects Their Properties
Authors: Lépinoux-Chambaud Claire , Barreau Kristell , Eyer Joël 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTargeting neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain represents a promising approach for developing new regenerative strategies, because these cells can proliferate, self-renew, and differentiate into new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Previous work showed that the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide, corresponding to the sequence of a tubulin-binding site on neurofilaments, can target glioblastoma cells, where it disrupts their microtubules and inhibits their proliferation. We show that this peptide targets NSCs in vitro and in vivo when injected into the cerebrospinal fluid. Although neurosphere formation was not altered by the peptide, the NSC self-renewal capacity and proliferation were reduced and were associated with increased adhesion and differentiation. These results indicate that the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide represents a new molecular tool to target NSCs to develop new strategies for regenerative medicine and the treatment of brain tumors.SignificanceIn the present study, the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide targeted neural stem cells in vitro when isolated from the subventricular zone and in vivo when injected into the cerebrospinal fluid present in the lateral ventricle. The in vitro formation of neurospheres was not altered by the peptide; however, at a high concentration of the peptide, the neural stem cell (NSC) self-renewal capacity and proliferation were reduced and associated with increased adhesion and differentiation. These results indicate that the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide represents a new molecular tool to target NSCs to develop new strategies for regenerative medicine and the treatment of brain tumors.