bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case series of ante-grade biliary stenting: An option during bile duct exploration
Authors: Jalal Qaiser , Forouzanfar Amir , Bhatt Anand , Al-Mukhtar Ahmed , Gardner-Thorpe James , Majeed Ali Waqar 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Managing choledochotomy after bile duct clearance is an ongoing debate. T-tube insertion is not without complication and morbidity, requires significant post-operative care. Primary closure alone can result in a high pressure biliary system and bile leak. The placement of an ante-grade stent through the choledochotomy prior to primary closure is an option for ensuring biliary drainage after bile duct exploration. We reviewed our series of open bile duct explorations, where an ante-grade stent was placed when managing choledochotomy.

Methods:
Patients who had ante-grade stent placement, all performed by same senior hepatobiliary surgeon, were identified retrospectively. Case note review was used to gather demographic, complication, length of stay, post-operative clinic visits and readmission data.

Results:
22 (M:F, 7:15) patients with a median age of 64 years (22–82). The indication for surgical stone clearance was failed ERCP in 20.2 patients were not suitable for ERCP. The median post-operative stay was 8 days (379) with the abdominal drain remaining for a median of 4 days (137). 16 (73%) patients had no complications. 4 (18%) had bile leaks, 5 (22%) wound infections, 1 (5%) cholangitis and 1 (5%) pancreatitis. All complications were Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or less.

Conclusion:
In situations where primary CBD closure is not safe due to concern over high pressure in the biliary tree the placement of ante-grade stent may be preferred to T-tube placement.

Highlights:
Magnigondolella, a new conodont genus from the Triassic of North America
Authors: Golding Martyn L. , Orchard Michael J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe new conodont genusMagnigondolellais recognized based on specimens recovered from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of British Columbia in Canada, and Nevada in the USA. This new genus encompasses problematic specimens with high carinas, which have recently been collectively referred to asNeogondolellaex gr.regalisMosher. Ten species from North America are herein assigned toMagnigondolellan. gen., including the eight new speciesM.alexanderi,M.cyri,M.julii,M.nebuchadnezzari,M.salomae,M. n. sp. A,M. n. sp. B, andM. n. sp. C, as well as the two existing speciesM.regalis(Mosher) andM.dilacerata(Golding and Orchard). Other species from the Tethys region are also tentatively assigned toMagnigondolellan. gen. Based on published records, the genus appears to range from the Spathian to the upper Anisian in North America. The recognition of eight new species from the Anisian significantly increases the conodont biodiversity of this period, which has previously been regarded as a time of low diversity. Although some of the species included withinMagnigondolellan. sp. have relatively long stratigraphic ranges, many have been identified in both British Columbia and Nevada, and therefore show potential for biostratigraphic correlation on a regional scale.
DHA supplementation during pregnancy as phospholipids or TAG produces different placental uptake but similar fetal brain accretion in neonatal piglets
Authors: Gázquez Antonio , Ruíz-Palacios María , Larqué Elvira 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe great variety ofn-3 long-chain PUFA sources raises the question of the most adequate for using as a DHA supplement during pregnancy. Placental and fetal availability of different DHA sources remains unclear. We investigated DHA availability in maternal lipoproteins, placenta and fetal tissues in pregnant sows fed DHA as phospholipid (PL) or TAG to identify the best DHA source during this period. Pregnant Iberian sows were fed diets containing 0·8 % DHA of total fatty acids as PL from egg yolk or TAG from algae oil during the last third of gestation (40 d). Maternal tissues, placentas and fetal tissues were obtained at delivery and DHA quantified by GC. Major Facilitator Superfamily Domain Containing 2a (MFSD2a) carrier expression was analysed in both placenta and fetal brain by Western blotting. Sows fed the DHA–PL diet showed higher DHA incorporation in plasma LDL but not in plasma total lipids. No differences were found in DHA content between groups in maternal liver, adipose tissue or brain. Placental tissue incorporated more DHA in both total lipids and PL fraction in sows fed DHA–PL. However, this did not lead to an enhanced DHA accretion either in fetal plasma, fetal liver or fetal brain. MFSD2a expression was similar between both experimental groups. Maternal DHA supplementation during pregnancy in sow either as PL or TAG produces similar DHA accretion in fetal tissues but not in placenta. Both fat sources are equally available for fetal brain.
Determination of the efficiency of diets for larval development in mass rearing Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Gunathilaka P.A.D.H.N. , Uduwawala U.M.H.U. , Udayanga N.W.B.A.L. , Ranathunge R.M.T.B. , Amarasinghe L.D. , Abeyewickreme W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLarval diet quality and rearing conditions have a direct and irreversible effect on adult traits. Therefore, the current study was carried out to optimize the larval diet for mass rearing of Aedes aegypti, for Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)-based applications in Sri Lanka. Five batches of 750 first instar larvae (L1) of Ae. aegypti were exposed to five different concentrations (2–10%) of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recommended the larval diet. Morphological development parameters of larva, pupa, and adult were detected at 24 h intervals along with selected growth parameters. Each experiment was replicated five times. General Linear Modeling along with Pearson's correlation analysis were used for statistical treatments. Significant differences (P < 0.05) among the larvae treated with different concentrations were found using General Linear Modeling in all the stages namely: total body length and the thoracic length of larvae; cephalothoracic length and width of pupae; thoracic length, thoracic width, abdominal length and the wing length of adults; along with pupation rate and success, sex ratio, adult success, fecundity and hatching rate of Ae. aegypti. The best quality adults can be produced at larval diet concentration of 10%. However, the 8% larval diet concentration was most suitable for adult male survival.
The effect of pause location on perceived fluency
Authors: KAHNG JIMIN 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTSpeech disfluency in first language (L1) and second language (L2) is not only quantitatively different (e.g., number and length of pauses) but also qualitatively different (e.g., distribution of pauses); however, how pause distributions in L1 and L2 affect judgments of perceived fluency is unclear. The study examined the relationship between pause phenomena and perceived fluency using two experiments. Experiment 1 investigated the relative contributions of frequency, length, and distribution of silent pauses to perceived fluency of L2 speech. Experiment 2 tested causal effects of pause location on perceived fluency of L1 and L2 speech using phonetic manipulations. Findings suggest a significant role of pause location in perceived fluency. In Experiment 1, silent pause rate within a clause demonstrated the strongest correlation with L2 fluency ratings, and in Experiment 2, perceived fluency of L1 and L2 speech was influenced by pause location. The findings suggest that listeners seem to be sensitive to pause location and to understand that pauses within clauses tend to reflect reduced cognitive fluency.
ENTITLEMENT THEORY OF JUSTICE AND END-STATE FAIRNESS IN THE ALLOCATION OF GOODS
Authors: Ju Biung-Ghi , Moreno-Ternero Juan D. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:Robert Nozick allegedly introduced his liberal theory of private ownership as an objection to theories of end-state justice. Nevertheless, we show that, in a stylized framework for the allocation of goods in joint ventures, both approaches can be seen as complementary. More precisely, in such a context, self-ownership (the basis for Nozick’s entitlement theory of justice) followed by voluntary transfer (Nozick’s principle of just transfer) can lead to end-state fairness (as well as Pareto efficiency). Furthermore, under a certain solidarity condition, the only way to achieve end-state fairness, following Nozick’s procedure, is to endorse an egalitarian rule for the initial assignment of rights.
Drivers of measles mortality: the historic fatality burden of famine in Bangladesh
Authors: MAHMUD A. S. , ALAM N. , METCALF C. J. E. 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYMeasles is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. Estimates of the case-fatality rate (CFR) of measles have varied widely from place to place, as well as in the same location over time. Amongst populations that have experienced famine or armed conflict, measles CFR can be especially high, although past work has mostly focused on refugee populations. Here, we estimate measles CFR between 1970 and 1991 in a rural region of Bangladesh, which experienced civil war and famine in the 1970s. We use historical measles mortality data and a mechanistic model of measles transmission to estimate the CFR of measles. We first demonstrate the ability of this model to recover the CFR in the absence of incidence data, using simulated mortality data. Our method produces CFR estimates that correspond closely to independent estimates from surveillance data and we can capture both the magnitude and the change in CFR suggested by these previous estimates. We use this method to quantify the sharp increase in CFR that resulted in a large number of deaths during a measles outbreak in the region in 1976. Most of the children who died during this outbreak were born during a famine in 1974, or in the 2 years preceding the famine. Our results suggest that the period of turmoil during and after the 1971 war and the sustained effects of the famine, is likely to have contributed to the high fatality burden of the 1976 measles outbreak in Matlab.
Detection of HEV-specific antibodies in four non-human primate species, including great apes, from different zoos in Germany
Authors: SPAHR C. , KNAUF-WITZENS T. , DÄHNERT L. , ENDERS M. , MÜLLER M. , JOHNE R. , ULRICH R. G. 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYThe hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been described in humans and various animal species in different regions of the world. However, the knowledge on natural HEV infection in non-human primates and the corresponding risk of zoonotic transmission is scarce. To determine whether primates in captivity are affected by HEV infection, we investigated 259 individual sera of clinically healthy non-human primates of 14 species from nine German zoos. Using a commercial double-antigen-sandwich ELISA and a commercial IgG ELISA, 10 animals (3·9%) reacted positive in at least one assay. Three ape species and one Old World monkey species were among the seropositive animals: bonobo (Pan paniscus), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), lar gibbon (Hylobates lar) and drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus). Testing for anti-HEV-IgM antibodies by commercial ELISA and for viral RNA by reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction resulted in negative results for all animals indicating the absence of acute HEV infections. In the past, no clinical signs of hepatitis were recorded for the seropositive animals. The results suggest that non-human primates in zoos can get naturally and subclinically infected with HEV or related hepeviruses. Future studies should evaluate potential sources and transmission routes of these infections and their impact on human health.
How do childhood intelligence and early psychosocial adversity influence income attainment among adult extremely low birth weight survivors? A test of the cognitive reserve hypothesis
Authors: Dobson Kathleen G. , Ferro Mark A. , Boyle Michael H. , Schmidt Louis A. , Saigal Saroj , Van Lieshout Ryan J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPerinatal and later postnatal adversities have been shown to adversely affect socioeconomic trajectories, while enhanced early cognitive abilities improve them. However, little is known about the combined influence of these exposures on social mobility. In this study, we examined if childhood IQ moderated the association between four different types of postnatal adversity (childhood socioeconomic disadvantage, childhood sexual abuse, lifetime psychiatric disorder, and trait neuroticism) and annual earnings at 30–35 years of age in a sample of 88 extremely low birth weight survivors. Our results suggested that higher childhood IQ was associated with greater personal income at age 30–35. Extremely low birth weight survivors who did not face psychological adversities and who had higher childhood IQ reported higher income in adulthood. However, those who faced psychological adversity and had higher childhood IQ generally reported lower income in adulthood. Our findings suggest that cognitive reserve may not protect preterm survivors against the complex web of risk factors affecting their later socioeconomic attainment.
A first qualitative snapshot: cardiac surgery and recovery in 10 children in the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (2011–2016)
Authors: Vivian Lauraine , Comitis George , Naidu Claudia , Hunter Cynthia , Lawrenson John 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article describes our qualitative research on the follow-up of 10 children, 5 years into recovery after cardiac surgery. The research was driven by a multi-disciplinary team of medical anthropologists, cardiologists, and an intensive care specialist and was based at the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital where they underwent surgeries. The research sought to answer two questions; first, could we successfully maintain contact with and follow up the children; the second – which will be answered in future papers – asked what life was like for them and their families during surgery and later recovery. The results are presented as a discussion on the themes that arose in our engagement and analysis and not as clinical evidence. These showed that elective surgery although significantly delayed was successful, and all children were followed up at their medical appointments. The researchers, however, were unable to establish follow-up with all families over the duration of the study. In the final round of interviews in the respondents’ homes, of 10 children, we remained in contact with seven. The discussion argues that effective communication and access to these children was often compromised by their coming from the poorer communities in the Cape Town metropolitan region, making them even more vulnerable during their recovery periods.
Minimal residual disease by either flow cytometry or cytogenetics prior to an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is associated with poor outcome in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Norkin Maxim , Katragadda Lakshmikanth , Zou Fei , Xiong Sican , Chang Myron , Dai Yunfeng , Hsu Jack W. , Moreb Jan S. , Leather Helen , Murthy Hemant S. , Farhadfar Nosha , Li Ying , Hromas Robert , Brown Randy A. , Cogle Christopher R. , Wingard John R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRelapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a significant challenge after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC), conventional cytogenetics (CG), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are routinely performed on bone marrow specimens prior to HCT to assess disease status. We questioned the extent by which pre-HCT evidence of minimal residual disease (MRD) detected by these standard assays, corresponded with post-HCT relapse. We conducted a single center, retrospective study of 166 AML patients who underwent HCT. Thirty-eight of one hundred sixty-six (23%) patients in complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) had MRD detectable by MFC, CG, or FISH. MRD was more frequently seen in patients with poor risk karyotype at diagnosis (P = 0.011). MRD-negative patients (MRDneg) had significantly longer overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival than patients who were MRD positive (MRDpos) (P = 0.002 and 0.013, respectively). In patients with MRDpos prior to HCT, the presence of acute graft vs. host disease (GVHD) (grade ≥ 2) or chronic GVHD significantly improved progression free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.053 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01–0.279), P = 0.0005) and OS (HR = 0.211 (95% CI: 0.081–0.547), P = 0.0014).
Notch transactivates Rheb to maintain the multipotency of TSC-null cells
Authors: Cho Jun-Hung , Patel Bhaumik , Bonala Santosh , Manne Sasikanth , Zhou Yan , Vadrevu Surya K. , Patel Jalpa , Peronaci Marco , Ghouse Shanawaz , Henske Elizabeth P. , Roegiers Fabrice , Giannikou Krinio , Kwiatkowski David J. , Mansouri Hossein , Markiewski Maciej M. , White Brandon , Karbowniczek Magdalena 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDifferentiation abnormalities are a hallmark of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) manifestations; however, the genesis of these abnormalities remains unclear. Here we report on mechanisms controlling the multi-lineage, early neuronal progenitor and neural stem-like cell characteristics of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) and angiomyolipoma cells. These mechanisms include the activation of a previously unreported Rheb-Notch-Rheb regulatory loop, in which the cyclic binding of Notch1 to the Notch-responsive elements (NREs) on the Rheb promoter is a key event. This binding induces the transactivation of Rheb. The identified NRE2 and NRE3 on the Rheb promoter are important to Notch-dependent promoter activity. Notch cooperates with Rheb to block cell differentiation via similar mechanisms in mouse models of TSC. Cell-specific loss of Tsc1 within nestin-expressing cells in adult mice leads to the formation of kidney cysts, renal intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive papillary renal carcinoma.
Giant barocaloric effects over a wide temperature range in superionic conductor AgI
Authors: Aznar Araceli , Lloveras Pol , Romanini Michela , Barrio María , Tamarit Josep-Lluís , Cazorla Claudio , Errandonea Daniel , Mathur Neil D. , Planes Antoni , Moya Xavier , Mañosa Lluís 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCurrent interest in barocaloric effects has been stimulated by the discovery that these pressure-driven thermal changes can be giant near ferroic phase transitions in materials that display magnetic or electrical order. Here we demonstrate giant inverse barocaloric effects in the solid electrolyte AgI, near its superionic phase transition at ~420 K. Over a wide range of temperatures, hydrostatic pressure changes of 2.5 kbar yield large and reversible barocaloric effects, resulting in large values of refrigerant capacity. Moreover, the peak values of isothermal entropy change (60 J K−1 kg−1 or 0.34 J K−1 cm−3) and adiabatic temperature changes (18 K), which we identify for a starting temperature of 390 K, exceed all values previously recorded for barocaloric materials. Our work should therefore inspire the study of barocaloric effects in a wide range of solid electrolytes, as well as the parallel development of cooling devices.
Generation of gene-edited rats by delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 protein and donor DNA into intact zygotes using electroporation
Authors: Remy Séverine , Chenouard Vanessa , Tesson Laurent , Usal Claire , Ménoret Séverine , Brusselle Lucas , Heslan Jean-Marie , Nguyen Tuan Huan , Bellien Jeremy , Merot Jean , De Cian Anne , Giovannangeli Carine , Concordet Jean-Paul , Anegon Ignacio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe generation of gene-edited animals using the CRISPRs/Cas9 system is based on microinjection into zygotes which is inefficient, time consuming and demands high technical skills. We report the optimization of an electroporation method for intact rat zygotes using sgRNAs and Cas9 protein in combination or not with ssODNs (~100 nt). This resulted in high frequency of knockouts, between 15 and 50% of analyzed animals. Importantly, using ssODNs as donor template resulted in precise knock-in mutations in 25–100% of analyzed animals, comparable to microinjection. Electroporation of long ssDNA or dsDNA donors successfully used in microinjection in the past did not allow generation of genome-edited animals despite dsDNA visualization within zygotes. Thus, simultaneous electroporation of a large number of intact rat zygotes is a rapid, simple, and efficient method for the generation of a variety of genome-edited rats.
Graphitizing Non-graphitizable Carbons by Stress-induced Routes
Authors: Ghazinejad Maziar , Holmberg Sunshine , Pilloni Oscar , Oropeza-Ramos Laura , Madou Marc 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGraphitic carbons’ unique attributes have attracted worldwide interest towards their development and application. Carbon pyrolysis is a widespread method for synthesizing carbon materials. However, our understanding of the factors that cause differences in graphitization of various pyrolyzed carbon precursors is inadequate. We demonstrate how electro-mechanical aspects of the synthesis process influence molecular alignment in a polymer precursor to enhance its graphitization. Electrohydrodynamic forces are applied via electrospinning to unwind and orient the molecular chains of a non-graphitizing carbon precursor, polyacrylonitrile. Subsequently, exerting mechanical stresses further enhances the molecular alignment of the polymer chains during the formative crosslinking phase. The stabilized polymer precursor is then pyrolyzed at 1000 °C and characterized to evaluate its graphitization. The final carbon exhibits a uniformly graphitized structure, abundant in edge planes, which translates into its electrochemical kinetics. The results highlight the significance of physical synthesis conditions in defining the structure and properties of pyrolytic carbons.
Dysregulation of YAP by ARF Stimulated with Tea-derived Carbon Nanodots
Authors: Xie Yingqiu , Sun Qinglei , Nurkesh Ayan A. , Lu Jiang , Kauanova Sholpan , Feng Jinhong , Tursynkhan Darkhan , Yang Qing , Kassymbek Aishabibi , Karibayev Mirat , Duisenova Korlan , Fan Haiyan , Wang Xiao , Manarbek Limara , Maipas Aisulu , Chen Zhenbang , Balanay Mannix P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractYAP is a downstream nuclear transcription factor of Hippo pathway which plays an essential role in development, cell growth, organ size and homeostasis. It was previously identified that elevation of YAP in genomics of genetic engineered mouse (GEM) model of prostate cancer is associated with Pten/Trp53 inactivation and ARF elevation hypothesizing the essential crosstalk of AKT/mTOR/YAP with ARF in prostate cancer. However, the detailed function and trafficking of YAP in cancer cells remains unclear. Using GEM microarray model, we found ARF dysregulates Hippo and Wnt pathways. In particular, ARF knockdown reduced non-nuclear localization of YAP which led to an increase in F-actin. Mechanistically, ARF knockdown suppressed protein turnover of β-catenin/YAP, and therefore enhanced the activity of AKT and phosphorylation of YAP. Moreover, we found tea-derived carbon dots can interact with ARF in nucleus that may further lead to the non-nuclear localization of YAP. Thus, we reported a novel crosstalk of ARF/β-catenin dysregulated YAP in Hippo pathway and a new approach to stimulate ARF-mediated signaling to inhibit nuclear YAP using nanomaterials implicating an innovative avenue for treatment of cancer.