bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Collaboration and Disasters: A Hospital Perspective
Authors: Adelaine Sabrina A. , Shoaf Kimberly , Harvey Caitlin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionThere is no standard guidance for strategies for hospitals to use to coordinate with other agencies during a disaster.Hypothesis/ProblemThis study analyzes successful strategies and barriers encountered by hospitals across the nation in coordinating and collaborating with other response agencies.MethodsQuantitative and qualitative data were collected from a web-based study from 577 acute care hospitals sampled from the 2013 American Hospital Association (AHA) database. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe most common barriers to collaboration are related to finances, ability to communicate, and personnel.AdelaineSA, ShoafK, HarveyC. An assessment of collaboration and disasters: a hospital perspective. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(2):121–125.
Spatially structured morphological and molecular diversity amongDioscorea cayenensisandD. rotundatayam accessions
Authors: Silva L. R. G. , Mezette T. F. , Nascimento W. F. , Silva E. F. , Veasey E. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractYams (Dioscoreaspp.) are one of the main root and tuber crops in the world, especially within the species complexDioscorea cayenensis/D. rotundata. Few studies have been conducted in Brazil with these species, including genetic diversity. The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of local varieties ofD. cayenensisandD. rotundatausing morphological and molecular markers, and provide information on the management and use of the crop by family farmers from different regions in Brazil. Thus, yam tubers were sampled from several municipalities in the South, Southeast and Northeast regions. Eighteen morphological traits and ten microsatellite loci were used to analyse 47 yam accessions (23D. cayenensisand 24D. rotundata). Species identification was carried out after field morphological evaluation. Spatial genetic analysis indicated significant structure among the local varieties, mostly between regions and species. Both cluster and Bayesian analyses showed a separation of the accessions into two distinct groups: group I with accessions originated from the Southeast region and group II with accessions originated from the Northeast region, while accessions from the South region were intermediate or included in either group. The results showed a separation betweenD. cayenensisandD. rotundataaccessions in Brazil, and thatD. cayenensisoccurs predominantly in the Southeast region, whileD. rotundataoccurs in the Northeast region. Further studies with larger sampling would be welcome in order to confirm these findings. Also, this study highlights the importance of family farmers in the genetic diversity conservation of these species in Brazil.
Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of social skills deficits and social phobia in a man with an autism spectrum disorder: a single-case study
Authors: Turner Mark A. , Hammond Neil 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) including high-functioning types such as Asperger's syndrome (AS) are diagnosed when there is evidence of a triad of qualitative impairments in social interaction, communication, and stereotyped/repetitive behaviours. It is not uncommon for these impairments to be accompanied by social anxiety. The present single-case study investigates the use of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to treat a 47-year-old man who was assessed as having difficulties with social skills and social phobia in the context of a late diagnosis of AS. He received 20 h of CBT adapted for his AS in 15 sessions including a 1-month follow-up. Following a highly individualized formulation, treatment included modelling, role-playing, reinforcement, thought challenging, and behavioural experimentation. Results from five self-report measures showed continued improvements from the start of therapy to follow-up in social anxiety, global distress, depression and self-esteem. The client gave positive feedback about his experience of treatment. The case study is discussed with reference to limitations and some reflections for CBT in ASD.
Die Schulter des Überkopfsportlers
Authors: Wieser Karl , Gerber Christian , Meyer Dominik C. 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung. Repetitive sportliche Höchstleistungen der Überkopfsportler stellen eine enorme Belastung für das Schultergelenk dar. Werfer erlangen Wurfarmrotationsgeschwindigkeiten von über 7000°/s, wobei hierbei Gelenkskompressions- und Distraktionskräfte von über 1000 N entstehen. Dies ist nur durch eine Adaptation der Schultermuskulatur und des Schultergelenkes mit bis zu 29° vermehrter Humeruskopfretrotorsion möglich. Diese, bei Werfern besonders ausgeprägten Anpassungen, führen zu zwei typischen Problemen: 1. Das hintere Einklemmen der Rotatorenmanschette und des glenoidalen Labrums zwischen Gelenkspfanne und Humeruskopf («inneres Impingement») bei der Ausholbewegung; 2. Störende Innenrotationseinschränkung (GIRD) mit kompensatorischen Beschwerden der Scapula-stabilisierenden Muskulatur. Die präzise Analyse von Kinematik und Pathomechanik der Werferschulter hat zum Ziel, diese Überlastungsschäden zu verstehen und einer kausalen Therapie zuzuführen.
Integrin signalling regulates the expansion of neuroepithelial progenitors and neurogenesis via Wnt7a and Decorin
Authors: Long K. , Moss L. , Laursen L. , Boulter L. , ffrench-Constant C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDevelopment of the cerebral cortex requires regulation of proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and a diverse range of progenitors. Recent work suggests a role for extracellular matrix (ECM) and the major family of ECM receptors, the integrins. Here we show that enhancing integrin beta-1 signalling, by expressing a constitutively active integrin beta-1 (CA*β1) in the embryonic chick mesencephalon, enhances neurogenesis and increases the number of mitotic cells dividing away from the ventricular surface, analogous to sub-apical progenitors in mouse. Only non-integrin-expressing neighbouring cells (lacking CA*β1) contributed to the increased neurogenesis. Transcriptome analysis reveals upregulation of Wnt7a within the CA*β1 cells and upregulation of the ECM protein Decorin in the neighbouring non-expressing cells. Experiments using inhibitors in explant models and genetic knock-downs in vivo reveal an integrin-Wnt7a-Decorin pathway that promotes proliferation and differentiation of neuroepithelial cells, and identify Decorin as a novel neurogenic factor in the central nervous system.
Autophagy regulates Notch degradation and modulates stem cell development and neurogenesis
Authors: Wu Xiaoting , Fleming Angeleen , Ricketts Thomas , Pavel Mariana , Virgin Herbert , Menzies Fiona M. , Rubinsztein David C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAutophagy is a conserved, intracellular, lysosomal degradation pathway. While mechanistic aspects of this pathway are increasingly well defined, it remains unclear how autophagy modulation impacts normal physiology. It is, however, becoming clear that autophagy may play a key role in regulating developmental pathways. Here we describe for the first time how autophagy impacts stem cell differentiation by degrading Notch1. We define a novel route whereby this plasma membrane-resident receptor is degraded by autophagy, via uptake into ATG16L1-positive autophagosome-precursor vesicles. We extend our findings using a physiologically relevant mouse model with a hypomorphic mutation in Atg16L1, a crucial autophagy gene, which shows developmental retention of early-stage cells in various tissues where the differentiation of stem cells is retarded and thus reveal how modest changes in autophagy can impact stem cell fate. This may have relevance for diverse disease conditions, like Alzheimer’s Disease or Crohn’s Disease, associated with altered autophagy.
Common and rare variants associating with serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase
Authors: Kristjansson Ragnar P. , Oddsson Asmundur , Helgason Hannes , Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Arnadottir Gudny A. , Jensson Brynjar O. , Jonasdottir Aslaug , Jonasdottir Adalbjorg , Bragi Walters G. , Sulem Gerald , Oskarsdottir Arna , Benonisdottir Stefania , Davidsson Olafur B. , Masson Gisli , Th Magnusson Olafur , Holm Hilma , Sigurdardottir Olof , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Eyjolfsson Gudmundur I. , Olafsson Isleifur , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Sulem Patrick , Stefansson Kari 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCreatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are widely used markers of tissue damage. To search for sequence variants influencing serum levels of CK and LDH, 28.3 million sequence variants identified through whole-genome sequencing of 2,636 Icelanders were imputed into 63,159 and 98,585 people with CK and LDH measurements, respectively. Here we describe 13 variants associating with serum CK and 16 with LDH levels, including four that associate with both. Among those, 15 are non-synonymous variants and 12 have a minor allele frequency below 5%. We report sequence variants in genes encoding the enzymes being measured (CKM and LDHA), as well as in genes linked to muscular (ANO5) and immune/inflammatory function (CD163/CD163L1, CSF1, CFH, HLA-DQB1, LILRB5, NINJ1 and STAB1). A number of the genes are linked to the mononuclear/phagocyte system and clearance of enzymes from the serum. This highlights the variety in the sources of normal diversity in serum levels of enzymes.
NuSAP governs chromosome oscillation by facilitating the Kid-generated polar ejection force
Authors: Li Chenyu , Xue Chenyi , Yang Qiaoyun , Low Boon Chuan , Liou Yih-Cherng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn vertebrate cells, chromosomes oscillate to align precisely during metaphase. NuSAP, a microtubule-associated protein, plays a critical role in stabilizing spindle microtubules. In this study, we utilize 3D time-lapse live-cell imaging to monitor the role of NuSAP in chromosome oscillation and identify NuSAP as a novel regulator of the chromokinesin, Kid. Depletion of NuSAP significantly suppresses the amplitude and velocity of chromosome oscillation. We analyse the effects of NuSAP and Kid depletion in monopolar and bipolar cells with or without kinetochore microtubule depletion. Twelve postulated conditions are deciphered to reveal the contribution of NuSAP to the polar force generated at kinetochore microtubules and to the regulation of the polar ejection force generated by Kid, thus revealing a pivotal role of NuSAP in chromosome oscillation.
Dynamic DNA binding licenses a repair factor to bypass roadblocks in search of DNA lesions
Authors: Brown Maxwell W. , Kim Yoori , Williams Gregory M. , Huck John D. , Surtees Jennifer A. , Finkelstein Ilya J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDNA-binding proteins search for specific targets via facilitated diffusion along a crowded genome. However, little is known about how crowded DNA modulates facilitated diffusion and target recognition. Here we use DNA curtains and single-molecule fluorescence imaging to investigate how Msh2–Msh3, a eukaryotic mismatch repair complex, navigates on crowded DNA. Msh2–Msh3 hops over nucleosomes and other protein roadblocks, but maintains sufficient contact with DNA to recognize a single lesion. In contrast, Msh2–Msh6 slides without hopping and is largely blocked by protein roadblocks. Remarkably, the Msh3-specific mispair-binding domain (MBD) licences a chimeric Msh2–Msh6(3MBD) to bypass nucleosomes. Our studies contrast how Msh2–Msh3 and Msh2–Msh6 navigate on a crowded genome and suggest how Msh2–Msh3 locates DNA lesions outside of replication-coupled repair. These results also provide insights into how DNA repair factors search for DNA lesions in the context of chromatin.
PKR is not obligatory for high-fat diet-induced obesity and its associated metabolic and inflammatory complications
Authors: Lancaster G. I. , Kammoun H. L. , Kraakman M. J. , Kowalski G. M. , Bruce C. R. , Febbraio M. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractProtein kinase R (PKR) has previously been suggested to mediate many of the deleterious consequences of a high-fat diet (HFD). However, previous studies have observed substantial phenotypic variability when examining the metabolic consequences of PKR deletion. Accordingly, herein, we have re-examined the role of PKR in the development of obesity and its associated metabolic complications in vivo as well as its putative lipid-sensing role in vitro. Here we show that the deletion of PKR does not affect HFD-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis or glucose metabolism, and only modestly affects adipose tissue inflammation. Treatment with the saturated fatty acid palmitate in vitro induced comparable levels of inflammation in WT and PKR KO macrophages, demonstrating that PKR is not necessary for the sensing of pro-inflammatory lipids. These results challenge the proposed role for PKR in obesity, its associated metabolic complications and its role in lipid-induced inflammation.
Ferroelastic switching in a layered-perovskite thin film
Authors: Wang Chuanshou , Ke Xiaoxing , Wang Jianjun , Liang Renrong , Luo Zhenlin , Tian Yu , Yi Di , Zhang Qintong , Wang Jing , Han Xiu-Feng , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Chen Long-Qing , Nan Ce-Wen , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Zhang Jinxing 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA controllable ferroelastic switching in ferroelectric/multiferroic oxides is highly desirable due to the non-volatile strain and possible coupling between lattice and other order parameter in heterostructures. However, a substrate clamping usually inhibits their elastic deformation in thin films without micro/nano-patterned structure so that the integration of the non-volatile strain with thin film devices is challenging. Here, we report that reversible in-plane elastic switching with a non-volatile strain of approximately 0.4% can be achieved in layered-perovskite Bi2WO6 thin films, where the ferroelectric polarization rotates by 90° within four in-plane preferred orientations. Phase-field simulation indicates that the energy barrier of ferroelastic switching in orthorhombic Bi2WO6 film is ten times lower than the one in PbTiO3 films, revealing the origin of the switching with negligible substrate constraint. The reversible control of the in-plane strain in this layered-perovskite thin film demonstrates a new pathway to integrate mechanical deformation with nanoscale electronic and/or magnetoelectronic applications.
A prognostic signature based on three-genes expression in triple-negative breast tumours with residual disease
Authors: Pinto Joseph A , Araujo Jhajaira , Cardenas Nadezhda K , Morante Zaida , Doimi Franco , Vidaurre Tatiana , Balko Justin M , Gomez Henry L 
Published: February 2016

AbstractResidual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is related with poor prognosis; however, the risk of recurrence after 3 years from surgery, becomes similar to other breast cancer subtypes indicating that TNBC is composed of tumours of different prognosis. To evaluate genes related to TNBC aggressiveness in the outcome of TNBC resistant to NAC, we profiled 82 samples of residual tumours whose expression for 449 genes was quantified with NanoString. The validation set (GSE25066) consisted of 113 TNBC cases with residual disease. The stepwise multivariate survival analysis performed by the Cox proportional hazards mode selected CCL5, DDIT4 and POLR1C as independent prognostic factors for distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS). We developed a three-genes signature using the regression coefficients for each gene (−0.393×CCL5+0.443×DDIT4+0.490×POLR1C). The median score in the discovery set (0.1494) identified two subgroups with different DRFS (P<0.001). The median score in the validation set was 0.0024 and was able to discriminate patients with different DRFS (P=0.002). In addition, the three-genes signature was a prognostic factor in TNBC patients regardless their response to NAC (data set GSE58812; P=0.001) and in patients with oestrogen-receptor-negative tumours (data set GSE16446; P=0.041). Here we describe a prognostic signature based on expression levels of CCL5, DDIT4 and POLR1C. The knowledge about the involvement of these genes in chemotherapy resistance could improve the therapeutic strategies in TNBC.
Allelopathic Polyketides from an Endolichenic Fungus Myxotrichum SP. by Using OSMAC Strategy
Authors: Yuan Chao , Guo Yu-Hua , Wang Hai-Ying , Ma Xiao-Jun , Jiang Tao , Zhao Jun-Ling , Zou Zhong-Mei , Ding Gang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThree new polyketides myxotritones A-C (2–4), together with a new natural product 7,8-dihydro-7R,8S-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-benzopyran-6-one (1) were obtained from the endolichenic fungus Myxotrichum sp. by using OMSAC (One Strain, Many Compounds) method. The planar structures of these new compounds were determined by NMR experiment and HRESIMS data and the absolute configuration of 1 was established by X-ray diffraction and the stereochemistry of the new compounds 2-4 were determined by same biosynthesis origin and similar CD spectra with 1. Allelopathic test showed that compound 4 significantly retarded root elongation of Arabidopsis thaliana seed, indicating that this fungus might contribute to the defense of its host lichen. From the view of biosynthetic pathway, all four compounds 1-4 might be originated from Non-Reduced Polyketide synthase (NR-PKS).
Fluid leakage near the percolation threshold
Authors: Dapp Wolf B. , Müser Martin H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPercolation is a concept widely used in many fields of research and refers to the propagation of substances through porous media (e.g., coffee filtering), or the behaviour of complex networks (e.g., spreading of diseases). Percolation theory asserts that most percolative processes are universal, that is, the emergent powerlaws only depend on the general, statistical features of the macroscopic system, but not on specific details of the random realisation. In contrast, our computer simulations of the leakage through a seal—applying common assumptions of elasticity, contact mechanics and fluid dynamics—show that the critical behaviour (how the flow ceases near the sealing point) solely depends on the microscopic details of the last constriction. It appears fundamentally impossible to accurately predict from statistical properties of the surfaces alone how strongly we have to tighten a water tap to make it stop dripping and also how it starts dripping once we loosen it again.
Regulating wave front dynamics from the strongly discrete to the continuum limit in magnetically driven colloidal systems
Authors: Martinez-Pedrero Fernando , Tierno Pietro , Johansen Tom H. , Straube Arthur V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe emergence of wave fronts in dissipative driven systems is a fascinating phenomenon which can be found in a broad range of physical and biological disciplines. Here we report the direct experimental observation of discrete fronts propagating along chains of paramagnetic colloidal particles, the latter propelled above a traveling wave potential generated by a structured magnetic substrate. We develop a rigorously reduced theoretical framework and describe the dynamics of the system in terms of a generalized one-dimensional dissipative Frenkel-Kontorova model. The front dynamics is explored in a wide range of field parameters close to and far from depinning, where the discrete and continuum limits apply. We show how symmetry breaking and finite size of chains are used to control the direction of front propagation, a universal feature relevant to different systems and important for real applications.
Towards a Physarum learning chip
Authors: Whiting James G. H. , Jones Jeff , Bull Larry , Levin Michael , Adamatzky Andrew 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNetworks of protoplasmic tubes of organism Physarum polycehpalum are macro-scale structures which optimally span multiple food sources to avoid repellents yet maximize coverage of attractants. When data are presented by configurations of attractants and behaviour of the slime mould is tuned by a range of repellents, the organism preforms computation. It maps given data configuration into a protoplasmic network. To discover physical means of programming the slime mould computers we explore conductivity of the protoplasmic tubes; proposing that the network connectivity of protoplasmic tubes shows pathway-dependent plasticity. To demonstrate this we encourage the slime mould to span a grid of electrodes and apply AC stimuli to the network. Learning and weighted connections within a grid of electrodes is produced using negative and positive voltage stimulation of the network at desired nodes; low frequency (10 Hz) sinusoidal (0.5 V peak-to-peak) voltage increases connectivity between stimulated electrodes while decreasing connectivity elsewhere, high frequency (1000 Hz) sinusoidal (2.5 V peak-to-peak) voltage stimulation decreases network connectivity between stimulated electrodes. We corroborate in a particle model. This phenomenon may be used for computation in the same way that neural networks process information and has the potential to shed light on the dynamics of learning and information processing in non-neural metazoan somatic cell networks.
Multi-Organ toxicity demonstration in a functional human in vitro system composed of four organs
Authors: Oleaga Carlota , Bernabini Catia , Smith Alec S.T. , Srinivasan Balaji , Jackson Max , McLamb William , Platt Vivien , Bridges Richard , Cai Yunqing , Santhanam Navaneetha , Berry Bonnie , Najjar Sarah , Akanda Nesar , Guo Xiufang , Martin Candace , Ekman Gail , Esch Mandy B. , Langer Jessica , Ouedraogo Gladys , Cotovio Jose , Breton Lionel , Shuler Michael L. , Hickman James J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe report on a functional human model to evaluate multi-organ toxicity in a 4-organ system under continuous flow conditions in a serum-free defined medium utilizing a pumpless platform for 14 days. Computer simulations of the platform established flow rates and resultant shear stress within accepted ranges. Viability of the system was demonstrated for 14 days as well as functional activity of cardiac, muscle, neuronal and liver modules. The pharmacological relevance of the integrated modules were evaluated for their response at 7 days to 5 drugs with known side effects after a 48 hour drug treatment regime. The results of all drug treatments were in general agreement with published toxicity results from human and animal data. The presented phenotypic culture model exhibits a multi-organ toxicity response, representing the next generation of in vitro systems and constitutes a step towards an in vitro “human-on-a-chip” assay for systemic toxicity screening.