bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Dietary Evidence on Medieval Rural Communities of the Basque Country (Spain) and Its Surroundings from Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Analyses: Social Insights, Diachronic Changes and Geographic Comparison
Authors: Lubritto C. , García‐Collado M. I. , Ricci P. , Altieri S. , Sirignano C. , Quirós Castillo J. A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the results of palaeodietary reconstruction based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis on bone collagen of five medieval rural populations from the Basque Country (northern Spain) spanning from 5thto 15thcenturiesad. One hundred forty‐seven human and 47 domestic faunal samples were successfully analysed with the objective of defining agrarian productive strategies and food consumption patterns. The results grouped the five sites in two clusters: on one side Zaballa and Treviño, whose inhabitants followed diets exclusively based on C3plants with significant intake of animal protein, and on the other, the populations from Aistra and Zornoztegi, who combined C3and C4plants and consumed lower amounts of animal protein. The isotopic values from Dulantzi were intermediate to these two groups. No differences were detected when individual status markers, such as grave goods, were available. Conversely, some restrictions on the access to certain food resources based on sex were uncovered. A relevant change in δ13C values was identified around 10thcentury, a consequence of a shift in the consumption patterns of C3and C4plants. Finally, these Basque sites were compared with those of the medieval Iberian case studies available in the literature. This comparison made evident the distinctive nature of the diet of the Basque medieval rural contexts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel green biosorbent from chitosan modified by sodium phytate for copper (II) ion removal
Authors: Kong Aiqun , He Benqiao , Liu Guangrui , Lu Xiaosong , Hao Yingdong , Bao Xinyao , Yan Feng , Li Jianxin 
Published: August 2017

A novel kind of adsorbent bead was prepared from chitosan (CS) by ionic‐linked with sodium phytate (SP) and then covalent cross‐linked with epichlorohydrin (ECH) by nonsolvent‐induced phase separation. The structure of the beads was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption properties of the beads for Cu(II) ions under different adsorption conditions were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu(II) ions was 177.1 mg g−1 at the conditions of pH of 5.2, temperature of 50°C, and initial Cu(II) ion concentration of 728.3 mg L−1. The adsorption isotherm of Cu(II) ions on the CS/SP/ECH beads was well correlated with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the whole adsorption process could be better followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Moreover, the CS/SP/ECH beads still exhibited good adsorption capacity even after the 15th regeneration cycles.
A closer lens: Cancer survivors' supportive intervention preferences and interventions received
Authors: Arch Joanna J. , Vanderkruik Rachel , Kirk Alex , Carr Alaina L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveCancer survivor preferences for formal interventions designed to provide psychological support remain relatively unknown. To address this gap, we evaluated cancer survivors' preferences for psychological intervention, whom they preferred to recommend such intervention, and how their preferences compared with what they currently received.MethodsUS cancer survivors (n = 345) who were at least 2 months post‐treatment for diverse forms of cancer were recruited online to complete a survey study.ResultsBased on Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests to distinguish among ranked preferences, cancer survivors rated individual professional counseling as their most‐preferred form of psychological intervention (among 6 choices), p < .001, followed by professionally led cancer support groups and individual peer counseling. Anti‐depressant or other psychiatric medication represented their least‐preferred intervention, ps < .001, but was the one they were most likely to currently receive. Preference for individual professional counseling over psychiatric medication was evident even among the subgroups of cancer survivors screening positively for probable anxiety disorder (n = 188) or major depression (n = 137), ps < .001. Cancer survivors most preferred to learn about psychological interventions from their medical oncologist, p < .001, followed by primary care physician, cancer nurse, or another cancer survivor; they least preferred to learn from a social worker or on their own, ps < .001.ConclusionsCancer survivors reported significant unmet need for psychological intervention, preference for non‐pharmacological forms of such support, and a gap between their preferred forms of support and what they currently receive.
Systemic AA amyloidosis in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Authors: Rising Anna , Cederlund Ella , Palmberg Carina , Uhlhorn Henrik , Gaunitz Stefan , Nordling Kerstin , Ågren Erik , Ihse Elisabet , Westermark Gunilla T. , Tjernberg Lars , Jörnvall Hans , Johansson Jan , Westermark Per 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAmyloid A (AA) amyloidosis occurs spontaneously in many mammals and birds, but the prevalence varies considerably among different species, and even among subgroups of the same species. The Blue fox and the Gray fox seem to be resistant to the development of AA amyloidosis, while Island foxes have a high prevalence of the disease. Herein, we report on the identification of AA amyloidosis in the Red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Edman degradation and tandem MS analysis of proteolyzed amyloid protein revealed that the amyloid partly was composed of full‐length SAA. Its amino acid sequence was determined and found to consist of 111 amino acid residues. Based on inter‐species sequence comparisons we found four residue exchanges (Ser31, Lys63, Leu71, Lys72) between the Red and Blue fox SAAs. Lys63 seems unique to the Red fox SAA. We found no obvious explanation to how these exchanges might correlate with the reported differences in SAA amyloidogenicity. Furthermore, in contrast to fibrils from many other mammalian species, the isolated amyloid fibrils from Red fox did not seed AA amyloidosis in a mouse model.
Post‐mortem oxygen isotope exchange within cultured diatom silica
Authors: Tyler Jonathan J. , Sloane Hilary J. , Rickaby Rosalind E.M. , Cox Eileen J. , Leng Melanie J. 
Published: August 2017

RationalePotential post‐mortem alteration to the oxygen isotope composition of biogenic silica is critical to the validity of palaeoclimate reconstructions based on oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O values) from sedimentary silica. We calculate the degree of oxygen isotope alteration within freshly cultured diatom biogenic silica in response to heating and storing in the laboratory.MethodsThe experiments used freshly cultured diatom silica. Silica samples were either stored in water or dried at temperatures between 20 °C and 80 °C. The mass of affected oxygen and the associated silica‐water isotope fractionation during alteration were calculated by conducting parallel experiments using endmember waters with δ18O values of −6.3 to −5.9 ‰ and −36.3 to −35.0 ‰. Dehydroxylation and subsequent oxygen liberation were achieved by stepwise fluorination with BrF5. The 18O/16O ratios were measured using a ThermoFinnigan MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer.ResultsSignificant alterations in silica δ18O values were observed, most notably an increase in the δ18O values following drying at 40–80 °C. Storage in water for 7 days between 20 and 80 °C also led to significant alteration in δ18O values. Mass balance calculations suggest that the amount of affected oxygen is positively correlated with temperature. The estimated oxygen isotope fractionation during alteration is an inverse function of temperature, consistent with the extrapolation of models for high‐temperature silica‐water oxygen isotope fractionation.ConclusionsRoutinely used preparatory methods may impart significant alterations to the δ18O values of biogenic silica, particularly when dealing with modern cultured or field‐collected material. The significance of such processes within natural aquatic environments is uncertain; however, there is potential that similar processes also affect sedimentary diatoms, with implications for the interpretation of biogenic silica‐hosted δ18O palaeoclimate records.
Emerging roles of hnRNPA1 in modulating malignant transformation
Authors: Roy Rajat , Huang Yueyang , Seckl Michael J. , Pardo Olivier E. 
Published: August 2017

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are RNA‐binding proteins associated with complex and diverse biological processes such as processing of heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs) into mature mRNAs, RNA splicing, transactivation of gene expression, and modulation of protein translation. hnRNPA1 is the most abundant and ubiquitously expressed member of this protein family and has been shown to be involved in multiple molecular events driving malignant transformation. In addition to selective mRNA splicing events promoting expression of specific protein variants, hnRNPA1 regulates the gene expression and translation of several key players associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Here, we will summarize our current knowledge of the involvement of hnRNPA1 in cancer, including its roles in regulating cell proliferation, invasiveness, metabolism, adaptation to stress and immortalization. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1431. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1431This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Translation > Translation Mechanisms
RNA Export and Localization > Nuclear Export/Import
Hospital Workload for Weapon‐Wounded Females Treated by the International Committee of the Red Cross: More Work Needed than for Males
Authors: Andersson Peter , Muhrbeck Måns , Veen Harald , Osman Zaher , von Schreeb Johan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundCivilians constitute 33–51% of victims in armed conflicts. Several reports on civilian injuries exist, but few have focused on injuries afflicting females. We analyzed routinely collected data on weapon‐related injuries from the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) hospital in northwestern Pakistan in order to define injury patterns and types of surgical treatment for females.MethodsA total of 3028 patient files (376 females) from consecutively admitted patients to the ICRC‐hospital in Peshawar from February 2009 to May 2012 were included. Information regarding injury‐mechanism, time since injury, vital parameters at admission, type of injury, treatment and basic outcome was extracted from the files and analyzed. Comparisons between gender and age‐groups were done by cross‐table analyses or nonparametric tests.ResultsFemales were younger than males (20 vs. 25 years), arrived sooner after injury (24 vs. 48 h) (p < 0.001 for both) and were victims of bombs and missiles more frequently (64.4 vs. 54.6%) (p < 0.001). Vital parameters such as systolic blood pressure (110 vs. 113 mmHg) and pulse rate (100 vs. 86) were more affected at admission (p < 0.001 for both). Females were subjected to surgery (83.0 vs. 77.4%) (p < 0.05) and were given blood transfusions more often (18.8 vs. 13.6%) (p < 0.01). No differences in amputations or in‐hospital mortality were found.ConclusionsFemales treated at the ICRC‐hospital in northwestern Pakistan are markedly affected by indiscriminate weapons such as bombs and missiles. Their average consumption of surgery is greater than for males, and this might be relevant in planning for staffing and facility needs in similar contexts.
Atriofascicular Mahaim with Ebstein anomaly: A case report
Authors: Ueshima Kazushi , Nakamura Yoshihide , Takeno Satoru , Miyake Toshiharu , Takemura Tsukasa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe report a case of a 7‐year‐old girl with atriofascicular Mahaim (AFM) pathway concomitant with Ebstein's anomaly. The QRS wave showed left bundle branch block pattern on electrocardiogram. Holter electrocardiogram showed prolongation of the PR interval and QRS morphological change during sinus tachycardia. An electrophysiological study demonstrated that the distal His potential appeared earlier than the proximal His potential, which suggested retrograde His conduction toward the atrioventricular node. Conduction from the Mahaim fiber to the His bundle was faster than that from the atrioventricular node towards the His bundle. The findings of this important case allowed a differential diagnosis between AFM and Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome.
Testing the Effectiveness of Protocols for Removal of Common Conservation Treatments for Radiocarbon Dating
Authors: Brock Fiona , Dee Michael , Hughes Andrew , Snoeck Christophe , Staff Richard , Bronk Ramsey Christopher 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo achieve a reliable radiocarbon (14C) date for an object, any contamination that may be of a different age must be removed prior to dating. Samples that have been conserved with treatments such as adhesives, varnishes or consolidants can pose a particular challenge to14C dating. At the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU), common examples of such substances encountered include shellac, the acrylic polymers Paraloid B-67 and B-72, and vinyl acetate-derived polymers (e.g. PVA). Here, a non-carbon-containing absorbent substrate called Chromosorb®was deliberately contaminated with a range of varieties or brands of these conservation treatments, as well as two cellulose nitrate lacquers. A selection of chemical pretreatments was tested for their efficiency at removing them. While the varieties of shellac and Paraloid tested were completely removed with some treatments (water/methanol and acetone/methanol/chloroform sequential washes, respectively), no method was found that was capable of completely removing any of the vinyl acetate-derived materials or the cellulose nitrate lacquers. While Chromosorb is not an exact analog of archaeological wood or bone, for example, this study suggests that it may be possible to remove aged shellac and Paraloid from archaeological specimens with standard organic solvent-acid-base-acid pretreatments, but it may be significantly more difficult to remove vinyl acetate-derived polymers and cellulose nitrate lacquers sufficiently to provide reliable14C dates. The four categories of conservation treatment studied demonstrate characteristic FTIR spectra, while highlighting subtle chemical and molecular differences between different varieties of shellac, Paraloid and cellulose nitrate lacquers, and significant differences between the vinyl acetate derivatives.
Departure from MHD prescriptions in shock formation over a guiding magnetic field
Authors: Bret A. , Pe'er A. , Sironi L. , Dieckmann M.E. , Narayan R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn plasmas where the mean-free-path is much larger than the size of the system, shock waves can arise with a front much shorter than the mean-free-path. These so-called “collisionless shocks” are mediated by collective plasma interactions. Studies conducted so far on these shocks found that although binary collisions are absent, the distribution functions are thermalized downstream by scattering on the fields, so that magnetohydrodynamics prescriptions may apply. Here we show a clear departure from this pattern in the case of Weibel shocks forming over a flow-aligned magnetic field. A micro-physical analysis of the particle motion in the Weibel filaments shows how they become unable to trap the flow in the presence of too strong a field, inhibiting the mechanism of shock formation. Particle-in-cell simulations confirm these results.
Black phosphorus ink formulation for inkjet printing of optoelectronics and photonics
Authors: Hu Guohua , Albrow-Owen Tom , Jin Xinxin , Ali Ayaz , Hu Yuwei , Howe Richard C. T. , Shehzad Khurram , Yang Zongyin , Zhu Xuekun , Woodward Robert I. , Wu Tien-Chun , Jussila Henri , Wu Jiang-Bin , Peng Peng , Tan Ping-Heng , Sun Zhipei , Kelleher Edmund J. R. , Zhang Meng , Xu Yang , Hasan Tawfique 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBlack phosphorus is a two-dimensional material of great interest, in part because of its high carrier mobility and thickness dependent direct bandgap. However, its instability under ambient conditions limits material deposition options for device fabrication. Here we show a black phosphorus ink that can be reliably inkjet printed, enabling scalable development of optoelectronic and photonic devices. Our binder-free ink suppresses coffee ring formation through induced recirculating Marangoni flow, and supports excellent consistency (< 2% variation) and spatial uniformity (< 3.4% variation), without substrate pre-treatment. Due to rapid ink drying (< 10 s at < 60 °C), printing causes minimal oxidation. Following encapsulation, the printed black phosphorus is stable against long-term (> 30 days) oxidation. We demonstrate printed black phosphorus as a passive switch for ultrafast lasers, stable against intense irradiation, and as a visible to near-infrared photodetector with high responsivities. Our work highlights the promise of this material as a functional ink platform for printed devices.
Liquid–liquid phase separation of the microtubule-binding repeats of the Alzheimer-related protein Tau
Authors: Ambadipudi Susmitha , Biernat Jacek , Riedel Dietmar , Mandelkow Eckhard , Zweckstetter Markus 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe protein Tau aggregates into tangles in the brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. In solution, however, Tau is intrinsically disordered, highly soluble, and binds to microtubules. It is still unclear what initiates the conversion from an innocuous phase of high solubility and functionality to solid-like neurotoxic deposits. Here, we show that the microtubule-binding repeats of Tau, which are lysine-rich, undergo liquid–liquid phase separation in solution. Liquid–liquid demixing causes molecular crowding of amyloid-promoting elements of Tau and drives electrostatic coacervation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that three-repeat and four-repeat isoforms of Tau differ in their ability for demixing. Alternative splicing of Tau can thus regulate the formation of Tau-containing membrane-less compartments. In addition, phosphorylation of Tau repeats promotes liquid–liquid phase separation at cellular protein conditions. The combined data propose a mechanism in which liquid droplets formed by the positively charged microtubule-binding domain of Tau undergo coacervation with negatively charged molecules to promote amyloid formation.
Deep carbon storage potential of buried floodplain soils
Authors: D’Elia Amanda H. , Liles Garrett C. , Viers Joshua H. , Smart David R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSoils account for the largest terrestrial pool of carbon and have the potential for even greater quantities of carbon sequestration. Typical soil carbon (C) stocks used in global carbon models only account for the upper 1 meter of soil. Previously unaccounted for deep carbon pools (>1 m) were generally considered to provide a negligible input to total C contents and represent less dynamic C pools. Here we assess deep soil C pools associated with an alluvial floodplain ecosystem transitioning from agricultural production to restoration of native vegetation. We analyzed the soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations of 87 surface soil samples (0–15 cm) and 23 subsurface boreholes (0–3 m). We evaluated the quantitative importance of the burial process in the sequestration of subsurface C and found our subsurface soils (0–3 m) contained considerably more C than typical C stocks of 0–1 m. This deep unaccounted soil C could have considerable implications for global C accounting. We compared differences in surface soil C related to vegetation and land use history and determined that flooding restoration could promote greater C accumulation in surface soils. We conclude deep floodplain soils may store substantial quantities of C and floodplain restoration should promote active C sequestration.
The universal existence of myodural bridge in mammals: an indication of a necessary function
Authors: Zheng Nan , Yuan Xiao-Ying , Chi Yan-Yan , Liu Pei , Wang Bing , Sui Jia-Ying , Han Seung-Ho , Yu Sheng-Bo , Sui Hong-Jin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe “myodural bridge” was described in literatures as a dense fibrous tissue connecting the sub-occipital musculature with the spinal dura mater in human studies. Now the concept of “myodural bridge” was perceived as an exact anatomical structure presumably essential for critical physiological functions in human body, and might exist in other mammals as well. To determine the existence of the “myodural bridge” in other mammals and to lay a foundation for the functional study, we examined representatives in five different mammalian orders. Based on the anatomical dissections, P45 plastinated sections and histological sections, we found that a dense fibrous tissue connected the rectus capitisdorsalis minor and the spinal dura mater through the dorsal atlanto-occipital interspace with or without the medium of the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane. These observed connective tissues were very similar to the “myodural bridge” previously described in humans. We proposed that the “myodural bridge”, as an evolutionally conserved structure, presents in many other mammals. Moreover, we believed that the “myodural bridge” might be a homologous organ in mammals. Thus, this study could provide an insight for our understanding the physiological significance of the “myodural bridge”, especially in human.
Sea of Majorana fermions from pseudo-scalar superconducting order in three dimensional Dirac materials
Authors: Salehi Morteza , Jafari S. A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe suggest that spin-singlet pseudo-scalar s-wave superconducting pairing creates a two dimensional sea of Majorana fermions on the surface of three dimensional Dirac superconductors (3DDS). This pseudo-scalar superconducting order parameter Δ5, in competition with scalar Dirac mass m, leads to a topological phase transition due to band inversion. We find that a perfect Andreev-Klein reflection is guaranteed by presence of anomalous Andreev reflection along with the conventional one. This effect manifests itself in a resonant peak of the differential conductance. Furthermore, Josephson current of the Δ5|m|Δ5 junction in the presence of anomalous Andreev reflection is fractional with 4π period. Our finding suggests another search area for condensed matter realization of Majorana fermions which are beyond the vortex-core of p-wave superconductors. The required Δ5 pairing can be extrinsically induced by a conventional s-wave superconductor into a three dimensional Dirac material (3DDM).
Leaky Integrate and Fire Neuron by Charge-Discharge Dynamics in Floating-Body MOSFET
Authors: Dutta Sangya , Kumar Vinay , Shukla Aditya , Mohapatra Nihar R. , Ganguly Udayan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNeuro-biology inspired Spiking Neural Network (SNN) enables efficient learning and recognition tasks. To achieve a large scale network akin to biology, a power and area efficient electronic neuron is essential. Earlier, we had demonstrated an LIF neuron by a novel 4-terminal impact ionization based n+/p/n+ with an extended gate (gated-INPN) device by physics simulation. Excellent improvement in area and power compared to conventional analog circuit implementations was observed. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a compact conventional 3-terminal partially depleted (PD) SOI- MOSFET (100 nm gate length) to replace the 4-terminal gated-INPN device. Impact ionization (II) induced floating body effect in SOI-MOSFET is used to capture LIF neuron behavior to demonstrate spiking frequency dependence on input. MHz operation enables attractive hardware acceleration compared to biology. Overall, conventional PD-SOI-CMOS technology enables very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) which is essential for biology scale (~1011 neuron based) large neural networks.