bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-evolution with Staphylococcus aureus leads to lipopolysaccharide alterations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Tognon Mikael , Köhler Thilo , Gdaniec Bartosz G , Hao Youai , Lam Joseph S , Beaume Marie , Luscher Alexandre , Buckling Angus , van Delden Christian 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Detrimental and beneficial interactions between co-colonizing bacteria may influence the course of infections. In cystic fibrosis (CF) airways, Staphylococcus aureus prevails in childhood, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa progressively predominates thereafter. While a range of interactions has been identified, it is unclear if these represent specific adaptations or correlated responses to other aspects of the environment. Here, we investigate how P. aeruginosa adapts to S. aureus by evolving P. aeruginosa in the presence and absence of S. aureus. P. aeruginosa populations that evolved for 150 generations were sequenced and compared to the ancestor strain. Mutations in the Wsp signaling system were identified in both treatments and likely occurred because of low oxygen availability. Despite showing increased killing activity, wsp mutants were less fit in the presence of S. aureus. In contrast, mutations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis occurred exclusively in co-cultures with S. aureus and conferred a fitness gain in its presence. Moreover, they increased resistance towards beta-lactam antibiotics. Strikingly, both mutations in wsp and LPS genes are observed in clinical isolates from CF-patients. Our results suggest that P. aeruginosa LPS mutations are a direct consequence of S. aureus imposed selection in vitro.
Perirhinal firing patterns are sustained across large spatial segments of the task environment
Authors: Bos Jeroen J. , Vinck Martin , van Mourik-Donga Laura A. , Jackson Jadin C. , Witter Menno P. , Pennartz Cyriel M. A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSpatial navigation and memory depend on the neural coding of an organism’s location. Fine-grained coding of location is thought to depend on the hippocampus. Likewise, animals benefit from knowledge parsing their environment into larger spatial segments, which are relevant for task performance. Here we investigate how such knowledge may be coded, and whether this occurs in structures in the temporal lobe, supplying cortical inputs to the hippocampus. We found that neurons in the perirhinal cortex of rats generate sustained firing patterns that discriminate large segments of the task environment. This contrasted to transient firing in hippocampus and sensory neocortex. These spatially extended patterns were not explained by task variables or temporally discrete sensory stimuli. Previously it has been suggested that the perirhinal cortex is part of a pathway processing object, but not spatial information. Our results indicate a greater complexity of neural coding than captured by this dichotomy.
A Risk Assessment Framework for Seed Degeneration: Informing an Integrated Seed Health Strategy for Vegetatively Propagated Crops
Authors: Thomas-Sharma S. , Andrade-Piedra J. , Carvajal Yepes M. , Hernandez Nopsa J. F. , Jeger M. J. , Jones R. A. C. , Kromann P. , Legg J. P. , Yuen J. , Forbes G. A. , Garrett K. A. 
Published: May 2017

Pathogen buildup in vegetative planting material, termed seed degeneration, is a major problem in many low-income countries. When smallholder farmers use seed produced on-farm or acquired outside certified programs, it is often infected. We introduce a risk assessment framework for seed degeneration, evaluating the relative performance of individual and combined components of an integrated seed health strategy. The frequency distribution of management performance outcomes was evaluated for models incorporating biological and environmental heterogeneity, with the following results. (1) On-farm seed selection can perform as well as certified seed, if the rate of success in selecting healthy plants for seed production is high; (2) when choosing among within-season management strategies, external inoculum can determine the relative usefulness of ‘incidence-altering management’ (affecting the proportion of diseased plants/seeds) and ‘rate-altering management’ (affecting the rate of disease transmission in the field); (3) under severe disease scenarios, where it is difficult to implement management components at high levels of effectiveness, combining management components can be synergistic and keep seed degeneration below a threshold; (4) combining management components can also close the yield gap between average and worst-case scenarios. We also illustrate the potential for expert elicitation to provide parameter estimates when empirical data are unavailable. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
First Place Award: Can cefazolin be used in orthopaedic surgery for patients with a self-reported non-IgE mediated penicillin allergy? A prospective case series
Authors: Michaud Laura , Yen David 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Cefazolin is the current recommendation for antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery. However, reported cross-reactivity to first generation cephalosporins in patients with a penicillin allergy ranges from 4% to 18%. In their reports on the rates of cross-reactivity, previous authors have not distinguished IgE from non-IgE reactions. The purpose of this study was to determine the various reactions that are reported as a penicillin allergy and the rate of cefazolin cross-reactivity in patients having only non-IgE reactions to penicillin.

Methods:
This is a prospective case study of consecutive patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery that had indications for prophylactic antibiotics over a 4-year period. The patients’ self-reported specific allergic reactions to penicillin were noted. The reactions were characterized as either IgE or non-IgE mediated. Non-IgE mediated penicillin allergic patients were given cefazolin in the operating room under a controlled setting. Any adverse reaction after the administration of cefazolin was recorded.

Results:
There were 801 patients. The prevalence of a reported penicillin allergy was 14.1%. Non-IgE mediated reactions accounted for 73.5% of patients reporting a penicillin allergy. Of the 81 non-IgE mediated penicillin allergic patients who received cefazolin, no adverse reactions were reported.

Conclusions:
It is important to obtain the specific reaction in patients reporting that they are allergic to penicillin to guide the choice of antibiotics. In patients who report a non-IgE reaction to penicillin, it is safe to administer cefazolin.
Unraveling the pathogenesis of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis through genetic, immunologic, and microbiologic discoveries: an update
Authors: Manthiram Kalpana , Lapidus Sivia , Edwards Kathryn 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is considered the most common periodic fever syndrome of childhood. Although it was first described three decades ago, the pathogenesis has been poorly understood. Recent studies on the heritability and immunology of the disorder have begun to shed light into the mechanisms of this autoinflammatory disorder. This review will focus on the pathogenesis of PFAPA, especially as it pertains to the genetic susceptibility, tonsillar immunology, and the role of the microbiome.

Recent findings
Recent literature provides insights into the heritability, potential genetic modifiers, and the immunologic and microbiological profile of the tonsils in this syndrome.

Summary
Evidence is mounting that PFAPA is inherited as a complex genetic disease. Furthermore, tonsillectomy is curative in the majority of patients, including those who do not meet the complete clinical criteria for PFAPA. The tonsils in PFAPA patients may exhibit unique immunologic and microbiological features. The goal of this review is to outline these new developments.
Does Modic Change Progresss With Age?
Authors: Tarukado Kiyoshi , Ono Teruaki , Tono Osamu , Tanaka Hiroki , Ikuta Ko , Harimaya Katsumi , Doi Toshio 
Published: May 2017

Study Design.
Cross-sectional imaging study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to clarify the trend in the generation distinctions about the prevalence of Modic change (MC) including elderly patients.

Summary of Background Data.
MC has been discussed regarding its clinical significance, relationship with low back pain, suitable treatments, prevalence, and natural history. However, previous reports have focused on younger subjects, with few studies conducted in elderly patients. If MC is actually a progressive condition of a patient, then it should become more common as the patient ages. We herein report the distribution of MC across several age groups.

Methods.
Patients who underwent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our institution from April 2013 to March 2015 were recruited. MC was assessed using T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and divided into Modic types (MT) 1, 2, and 3, and mixed type. Trends in the prevalence of MC were analyzed based on age.

Results.
We ultimately included 585 patients of an initial 937 who underwent lumbar MRI. The mean age was 65 years. MC was identified in 36.0% of the patients. The prevalence of MC by age was 0% for those in their 10 s, 10% for those in their 20 s, 33% for those in their 30 s, 27% for those in their 40 s, 32% for those in their 50 s, 44% for those in their 60 s, 42% for those in their 70 s, and 26% for those in their 80 s. By type, 3.3% were MT1, 81.3% were MT2, 0.5% were MT3, and 14.8% were mixed type.

Conclusion.
The prevalence of MC increased with age to some degree, with the highest frequency observed in individuals in their 60 s before declining in those in their 70 s and 80 s. These findings suggest that MC might not simply progress with age, particularly after the seventh decade of life.

Level of Evidence: 4
Safety of Immediate Posterior Trunk Soft-Tissue Reconstruction in Older Adults
Authors: Calotta Nicholas A. , Coon Devin , Sacks Justin M. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Older patients, especially those older than 65 years, are accounting for an ever-increasing share of hospital costs, especially surgical procedures. Studies regarding the safety of surgery in these patients have been widespread in the past decade. Despite these efforts, there is a paucity of information regarding the safety of reconstruction following spinal surgery in older patients.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing soft-tissue reconstruction of the posterior trunk after oncologic spine surgery. Demographic, medical, and surgical variables were measured. The primary outcome variable was the development of a medical or surgical complication postoperatively. Other secondary outcomes included development of a medical complication alone, specific surgical complications (seroma, hematoma, infection, wound dehiscence, and (cerebrospinal fluid leak), unplanned reoperation, and 60-day operative mortality.

Results:
A priori power analysis suggested 205 cases would be needed. The study included 286 cases in 256 patients. The cohorts were similar in terms of demographic, surgical, and medical variables, though the older cohort had higher mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score (2.09 versus 1.65; P < 0.0001). We found no correlation between increasing age and increased rates of medical or surgical complications (35.9% for older patients versus 44.7% for younger patients; P = 0.31). However, mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score did correlate with complications (1.88 for patients with complications versus 1.69 for patients without; P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
We demonstrated no increased risk for complications among older patients. Complex soft-tissue reconstruction of the posterior trunk is safe in elderly patients undergoing oncologic spinal surgery.
Protein nutrition and exercise survival kit for critically ill
Authors: Weijs Peter J.M. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
Protein delivery as well as exercise of critically ill in clinical practice is still a highly debated issue. Here we discuss only the most recent updates in the literature concerning protein nutrition and exercise of the critically ill.

Recent findings
By lack of randomized controlled trial (RCTs) in protein nutrition we discuss four post-hoc analyses of nutrition studies and one experimental study in mice. Studies mainly confirm some insights that protein and energy effects are separate and that the trajectory of the patient in the ICU might change these effects. Exercise has been studied much more extensively with RCTs in the last year, although also here the differences between patient groups and timing of intervention might play their roles. Overall the effects of protein nutrition and exercise appear to be beneficial. However, studies into the differential effects of protein nutrition and/or exercise, and optimization of their combined use, have not been performed yet and are on the research agenda.

Summary
Optimal protein nutrition, optimal exercise intervention as well as the optimal combination of nutrition, and exercise may help to improve long-term physical performance outcome in the critically ill patients.
Clinical Significance of Histogram Parameters on Elastography in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinomas
Authors: Yoon Hee Yeun , Lee Ji Hye , Kim Young Eun , Kim Eun-Kyung , Moon Hee Jung , Yoon Jung Hyun , Park Vivian Y. , Kwak Jin Young 
Published: May 2017

Objective
The purpose of our study was to determine objective histogram parameters on elastography that could predict poor prognosis factors of conventional papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs).

Methods
From September to November in 2012, 79 patients with a diagnosis of PTMCs were included. Mean values of clinicopathologic variables and histogram parameters on elastography were compared between groups with or without poor prognostic factors using the Student t test, χ2 test, or Fisher exact test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, and size was performed to investigate independent elastography parameters predicting extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, and high TNM stage (III–IV).

Results
Of 79 patients with PTMCs, 32 (40.5%) had extrathyroidal extension, 14 (17.7%) had lymph node metastasis, and 18 (22.8%) received a diagnosis with a high TNM stage. None of the histogram parameters on elastography had significant associations with any of the poor prognostic factors.

Conclusions
There were no significant associations between all histogram parameters on elastography and known poor prognostic factors such as extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, and high TNM stage in patients with PTMCs.
Effect of Preoperative Diabetes Management on Glycemic Control and Clinical Outcomes After Elective Surgery
Authors: Garg Rajesh , Schuman Brooke , Bader Angela , Hurwitz Shelley , Turchin Alexander , Underwood Patricia , Metzger Cheyenne , Rein Raquel , Lortie Meghan 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative diabetes management can improve glycemic control and clinical outcomes after elective surgery.

Background:
There is lack of data on the importance of diabetes treatment before elective surgery. Diabetes is often ignored before surgery and aggressively treated afterwards.

Methods:
Patients with diabetes were identified and treated proactively before their scheduled surgeries. Data for all elective surgeries over 2 years before and 2 years after implementation of the program were collected.

Results:
Out of 31,392 patients undergoing first surgery, 3909 had diabetes; 2072 before and 1835 after the program. Mean blood glucose on the day of surgery was 146.4 ± 51.9 mg/dL before and 139.9 ± 45.6 mg/dL after the program (P = 0.0028). Proportion of patients seen by the inpatient diabetes team increased. Mean blood glucose during hospital stay was 166.7 ± 42.9 mg/dL before and 158.3 ± 46.6 mg/dL after program (P < 0.0001). The proportion of patients with hypoglycemic episodes (<50 mg/dL) was 4.93% before and 2.48% after the program (P < 0.0001). Length of hospital stay (LOS) decreased among patients with diabetes (4.8 ± 5.3 to 4.6 ± 4.3 days; P = 0.01) and remained unchanged among patients without diabetes (4.0 ± 4.5 and 4.1 ± 4.8, respectively; P = 0.42). Changes in intravenous antibiotic use, patients discharged to home, renal insufficiency, myocardial infarction, stroke, and in-hospital mortality were similar among diabetic and nondiabetic groups.

Conclusions:
Preoperative and inpatient diabetes management improves glycemic control on the day of surgery and postoperatively and decreases the incidence of hypoglycemia. These changes may eventually improve clinical outcomes. Although statistically significant, the decrease in LOS was of equivocal clinical significance in this study.
Hepatoblastoma: Transplant Versus Resection Experience in a Latin American Transplant Center
Authors: Caicedo Luis A. , Sabogal Angie , Serrano Oscar , Villegas Jorge I. , Botero Verónica , Agudelo María T. , Lotero Viviana , Dávalos Diana , Manzi Eliana , Aristizabal Ana M. , Gomez Catalina , Echeverri Gabriel J. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundHepatoblastoma is the most common primary malignant liver tumor in children and is usually diagnosed during the first 3 years of life. Overall survival has increased 50% due to chemotherapeutic schemes, expertise surgery centers, and liver transplantation.MethodsA retrospective collection of data was performed from pediatric patients with diagnosis of hepatoblastoma. Variables included demographic, diagnostic tools and histological classification; chemotherapy and surgical treatment; and outcomes and patient survival. The PRETEXT classification was applied, which included the risk evaluation, and according to the medical criterion in an individualized way, underwent resection or transplant. The morbidity of patients was evaluated by the Clavien-Dindo classification. Statistical analysis was performed according to the distribution of data and the survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsThe patients (n = 16) were divided in a resection group (n = 8) and a transplant group (n = 8). The median age at the time of diagnosis was 13.5 months. The motive for the initial consultation was the discovery of a mass; all patients had high levels of α-fetoprotein and an imaging study. Ten of 16 patients required chemotherapy before the surgical procedure. In the resection group, 5 of 8 patients were classified as Clavien I and 4 of 8 patients of the transplant group were classified as Clavien II. Patient survival at 30 months was 100% in the resection group and 65% in the liver transplantation group.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first case report of pediatric patients with hepatoblastoma and liver resection or transplant in Colombia and Latin America. Our results are comparable with the series worldwide, showing that resection and transplant increase the survival of the pediatric patients with hepatoblastoma. It is important to advocate for an increase of reporting in the scientific literature in Latin America.
The individual teacher in lesson study collaboration
Authors: Skott Charlotte Krog , Møller Hanne 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to investigate the learning of individual teachers participating in lesson study collaboration by adapting a participatory framework about teacher learning; and second, to investigate the potential of this framework compared with other approaches used in lesson study research.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use collective case studies. By being participant observers the authors provide detailed descriptions of two selected teachers’ lived experiences of lesson study collaboration. In addition to gain first-hand insights, the authors conducted interviews before, between and after two rounds of lesson studies, and recorded the various lesson study activities.

Findings
This paper provides empirical insights into the complexity of teacher learning. By using the participatory framework, the authors identify significant shifts in the participation of each of the two teachers during a two-year lesson study project. By comparing these shifts the authors identify significant conditions for their individual learning.

Research limitations/implications
Although the study is small scale, both the insights into the different ways in which teachers participated and the theoretical insights might be valuable for other lesson study research approaches.

Practical implications
This paper provides valuable insights into conditions that might influence teachers’ participation in lesson study activities, especially in cultures with little experience of lesson study.

Originality/value
This paper fulfils a need to investigate individual teachers’ learning in lesson study collaborations. It also contributes to deeper theoretical understandings of teacher learning which have been called for in recent lesson study research.
The Roles of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Septic Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Ueno Takuya 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDespite hundreds of clinical and basic studies that have led to a better mechanistic understanding of sepsis, the number of cases with sepsis in the United States is still rising. Sepsis is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and may explain long‐term complications and mortality. In the current article, a new therapeutic concept using continuous renal replacement therapy to prevent and manage long‐term sequelae in septic AKI is described.
Resveratrol beneficially affects meat quality of heat‐stressed broilers which is associated with changes in muscle antioxidant status
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Zhao Xiaohui , Wang Li , Yang Lei , Chen Xingyong , Geng Zhaoyu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary resveratrol (Res) supplementation on serum parameters, meat quality and muscle antioxidant status of broilers under heat stress (HS). A total of 270 21‐day‐old male Cobb broilers were randomly assigned to three treatment groups with six replicates of 15 birds each. The three treatment groups were as follows: the control group, in which birds were reared at 22 ± 1°C, and the HS and HS + Res (400 mg/kg) groups, in which birds were reared at 33 ± 1°C for 10 h (08.00–18.00 h) and 22 ± 1°C for the rest of the time. Compared with birds in the control group, birds in the HS group exhibited increased serum corticosterone (CORT) and triacylglycerol contents, L*, drip loss and muscle malondialdehyde content, and decreased serum glucose content, pH24 h, muscle total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) activities (P < 0.05). Compared with birds in the HS group, birds in HS + Res group exhibited increased serum glucose content, a*, pH24 h, muscle T‐AOC and CAT activities, and decreased serum CORT and triacylglycerol contents, L*24 h, drip loss and muscle malondialdehyde content (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Res beneficially protects against HS‐impaired meat quality of broilers through regulating muscle antioxidant status.