bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen zum Ansatz der Vorverformungen beim Nachweis der Kippsicherheit schlanker Träger
Authors: Kolodziejczyk Agnieszka , Höller Tobias , Maurer Reinhard , Sauermann Knud 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDie sichere und zugleich wirtschaftliche Bemessung kippgefährdeter schlanker Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonträger erfordert eine realitätsnahe Berechnung nach Theorie II. Ordnung unter Berücksichtigung des nichtlinearen Werkstoffverhaltens. Neben dem Steifigkeitsabfall infolge Rissbildung stellen dabei die geometrischen Ersatzimperfektionen einen wichtigen Einflussparameter dar. Letztere müssen sowohl Bauungenauigkeiten als auch strukturelle Imperfektionen abdecken.Die Empfehlung der DIN EN 1992‐1‐1, die geometrischen Imperfektionen affin zur ersten Eigenform mit einem maximalen Stich ei,geom = Leff/300 anzusetzen, erscheint insbesondere bei großen Spannweiten sehr konservativ. Für die Überprüfung dieses Ansatzes wurden Laserscan‐Messungen von herstellungs‐ und einbaubedingten Imperfektionen an schlanken Stahlbetonbindern der Lärmschutzeinhausung Köln‐Lövenich durchgeführt.Auf Grundlage nichtlinearer Simulationsrechnungen werden die gemessenen geometrischen Imperfektionen auf äquivalente Vorverformungen analog zum Normansatz mit einer maximalen Auslenkung ei,geom zurückgeführt und statistisch ausgewertet. Darüber hinaus wird der Einfluss von strukturellen Imperfektionen infolge von Eigenspannungen durch Spannungsumlagerungen infolge Kriechens und Schwindens des Betons untersucht.Investigation of initial imperfections for the analysis of slender beams against lateral instabilityIn order to ensure a safe and economic design of slender reinforced and prestressed concrete beams prone to lateral instability, a realistic analysis under consideration of second order effects and the nonlinear material behavior is required. Such analyses are significantly affected by the decrease of member stiffness due to cracking and the consideration of initial imperfections. The latter should cover geometric imperfections resulting from the construction process as well as structural imperfections.In DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 it is recommended to assume geometric imperfections corresponding to the first eigenmode with a maximum horizontal deflection of ei,geom = Leff/300. This appears to be very conservative, especially for long‐span girders. In order to compare the approach of DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 with actual values, laserscan measurements of the geometric imperfections of slender reinforced concrete beams of the Köln‐Lövenich noise reduction tunnel were performed.Based on nonlinear FEM‐analyses, the measured geometric imperfections are reconverted into equivalent geometric imperfections in line with the approach of DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 with a maximum horizontal deflection ei,geom. Subsequently, statistical analyses of these values are carried out. Furthermore, the influence of structural imperfections due to internal stresses resulting from stress redistribution between steel and concrete due to creep and shrinkage are investigated.
Näherungsweise Berücksichtigung des Betonkriechens beim Nachweis der Kippstabilität von Stahlbetonträgern
Authors: Röder Friedrich‐Karl 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEine Berücksichtigung der zeitabhängigen Einwirkungen wie Kriechen und Schwinden des Betons auf die Kippstabilität wird in den meisten bekannten gängigen Berechnungsverfahren bisher nicht zufriedenstellend behandelt. Die geltende Norm [1] schreibt für eine Berechnung der Kippstabilität nach Theorie II. Ordnung den Ansatz einer geometrischen Imperfektion vor. Die hier vorgestellte Vorgehensweise berücksichtigt das Langzeitverhalten des Betons beim Stabilitätsnachweis auf Kippen innerhalb dieses Imperfektionsansatzes nur durch eine Änderung der Normvorgabe. Die vorgeschlagene Näherung zur Berücksichtigung des Betonkriechens ist einfach anwendbar und kann mit fast jedem Berechnungsverfahren der Kippstabilität genutzt werden, ohne dass das Berechnungsverfahren selbst verändert werden muss. Wie die Beispielberechnungen zeigen, liefert die vorgestellte Methode plausible Ergebnisse.Simplified Method of Considering Concrete Creep for Checking Lateral Instability of Reinforced Concrete BeamsThe most well‐known and established calculation methods for checking lateral instability don't consider satisfyingly the time‐dependent effects of concrete creep and shrinkage. The current design code [1] specifies a default value of geometric imperfections for calculating lateral instability using 2nd order theory. The proceeding suggested in this paper considers the long‐term behavior of concrete at lateral instability by changing the geometric imperfections specified in the code. The proposed approximation method to consider concrete creep can be applied easily and can be used with nearly each calculation method for checking lateral instability. The method itself has not to be changed for this purpose. As shown by examples, the proposed proceeding produces plausible results.
The Ssr protein (T1E_1405) from Pseudomonas putida DOT‐T1E enables oligonucleotide‐based recombineering in platform strain P. putida EM42
Authors: Aparicio Tomás , Jensen Sheila I. , Nielsen Alex T. , de Lorenzo Victor , Martínez‐García Esteban 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSome strains of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida have become in recent years platforms of choice for hosting biotransformations of industrial interest. Despite availability of many genetic tools for this microorganism, genomic editing of the cell factory P. putida EM42 (a derivative of reference strain KT2440) is still a time‐consuming endeavor. In this work we have investigated the in vivo activity of the Ssr protein encoded by the open reading frame T1E_1405 from Pseudomonas putida DOT‐T1E, a plausible functional homologue of the β protein of the Red recombination system of λ phage of Escherichia coli. A test based on the phenotypes of pyrF mutants of P. putida (the yeast's URA3 ortholog) was developed for quantifying the ability of Ssr to promote invasion of the genomic DNA replication fork by synthetic oligonucleotides. The efficiency of the process was measured by monitoring the inheritance of the changes entered into pyrF by oligonucleotides bearing mutated sequences. Ssr fostered short and long genomic deletions/insertions at considerable frequencies as well as single‐base swaps not affected by mismatch repair. These results not only demonstrate the feasibility of recombineering in P. putida, but they also enable a suite of multiplexed genomic manipulations in this biotechnologically important bacterium.
Multiplexed methylation profiles of tumor suppressor genes and clinical outcome in oligodendroglial tumors
Authors: Kuo Lu‐Ting , Lu Hsueh‐Yi , Lee Chien‐Chang , Tsai Jui‐Chang , Lai Hong‐Shiee , Tseng Ham‐Min , Kuo Meng‐Fai , Tu Yong‐Kwang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAberrant methylation has been associated with transcriptional inactivation of tumor‐related genes in a wide spectrum of human neoplasms. The influence of DNA methylation in oligodendroglial tumors is not fully understood. Genomic DNA was isolated from 61 oligodendroglial tumors for analysis of methylation using methylation‐specific multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification assay (MS‐MLPA). We correlated methylation status with clinicopathological findings and outcome. The genes found to be most frequently methylated in oligodendroglial tumors were RASSF1A (80.3%), CASP8 (70.5%), and CDKN2A (52.5%). Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis demonstrated longer duration of progression‐free survival in patients with 19q loss, aged less than 38 years, and with a proliferative index of less than 5%. Methylation of the ESR1 promoter is significantly associated with shorter duration of overall survival and progression‐free survival, and that methylation of IGSF4 and RASSF1A is significantly associated with shorter duration of progression‐free survival. However, none of the methylation status of ESR1, IGSF4, and RASSF1A was of prognostic value for survival in a multivariate Cox model. A number of novel and interesting epigenetic alterations were identified in this study. The findings highlight the importance of methylation profiles in oligodendroglial tumors and their possible involvement in tumorigenesis.
Prognostic significance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and 5b expression in Epstein–Barr virus‐positive patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Diamantopoulos Panagiotis T. , Sofotasiou Maria , Georgoussi Zafiroula , Giannakopoulou Nefeli , Papadopoulou Vasiliki , Galanopoulos Athanasios , Kontandreopoulou Elina , Zervakis Panagiotis , Pallaki Paschalina , Kalala Fani , Kyrtsonis Marie‐Christine , Dimitrakopoulou Aglaia , Vassilakopoulos Theodoros , Angelopoulou Maria , Spanakis Nikolaos , Viniou Nora‐Athina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSignal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins have been intensively studied in hematologic malignancies, and the efficacy of agents against STATs in lymphomas is already under research. We investigated the expression of total STAT5 and STAT5b in peripheral blood samples of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in correlation with the presence of Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) and its major oncoprotein (latent membrane protein 1, LMP1). The EBV load was measured in the peripheral blood by real‐time PCR for the BXLF1 gene and the levels of LMP1 by PCR and ELISA. Western blotting was performed for total STAT5 and STAT5b in protein extracts. STAT5b was only expressed in patients (not in healthy subjects) and STAT5 but particularly STAT5b expression was correlated with the presence of the virus (77.3% vs. 51.2%, P = 0.006 for STAT5b) and to the expression of LMP1 (58.3% vs. 21.6%, P = 0.011 for STAT5b). Moreover, the expression of STAT5b and the presence of EBV and LMP1 were strongly negatively correlated with the overall survival of the patients (log‐rank test P = 0.011, 0.015, 0.006, respectively). Double positive (for EBV and STAT5b) patients had the lowest overall survival (log‐rank test P = 0.013). This is the first report of a survival disadvantage of EBV+ patients with CLL, and the first time that STAT5b expression is correlated with survival. The correlation of STAT5 expression with the presence of the virus, along with our survival correlations defines a subgroup of patients with CLL that may benefit from anti‐STAT agents.
Asymmetric Assisted Tandem Catalysis: Hydroamination followed by Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Reaction from a Single Chiral N,N,N′,N′‐Tetradentate Pyridylmethylamine‐Based Ligand
Authors: Aillerie Alexandre , Rodriguez‐Ruiz Violeta , Carlino Romain , Bourdreux Flavien , Guillot Régis , Bezzenine‐Lafollée Sophie , Gil Richard , Prim Damien , Hannedouche Jérôme 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWith the rising interest in asymmetric catalysis promoted by earth‐abundant elements, a chiral ligand will undoubtedly be the most valuable unit of the catalyst. The first proof of concept of the use of a multitask chiral ligand in an asymmetric assisted tandem catalysis protocol that successively combines metallo‐ and organocatalytic processes is reported herein. In this protocol, the chiral ligand of the newly designed rare‐earth catalyst of the first reaction is converted into a novel chiral organocatalyst for the second transformation by the simple addition of HCl. The observation of some enantioinduction in the tandem sequence—alkyne hydroamination followed by enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation—confirms the relay of the chiral N,N,N′,N′‐tetradentate ligand and the importance of its pyridylmethylamine scaffold.
Coexistence of Different Electron‐Transfer Mechanisms in the DNA Repair Process by Photolyase
Authors: Lee Wook , Kodali Goutham , Stanley Robert J. , Matsika Spiridoula 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDNA photolyase has been the topic of extensive studies due to its important role of repairing photodamaged DNA, and its unique feature of using light as an energy source. A crucial step in the repair by DNA photolyase is the forward electron transfer from its cofactor (FADH−) to the damaged DNA, and the detailed mechanism of this process has been controversial. In the present study, we examine the forward electron transfer in DNA photolyase by carrying out high‐level ab initio calculations in combination with a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) approach, and by measuring fluorescence emission spectra at low temperature. On the basis of these computational and experimental results, we demonstrate that multiple decay pathways exist in DNA photolyase depending on the wavelength at excitation and the subsequent transition. This implies that the forward electron transfer in DNA photolyase occurs not only by superexchange mechanism but also by sequential electron transfer.
Ethenolysis: A Green Catalytic Tool to Cleave Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds
Authors: Bidange Johan , Fischmeister Cédric , Bruneau Christian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRemarkable innovations have been made in the field of olefin metathesis due to the design and preparation of new catalysts. Ethenolysis, which is cross‐metathesis with ethylene, represents one catalytic transformation that has been used with the purpose of cleaving internal carbon–carbon double bonds. The objectives were either the ring opening of cyclic olefins to produce dienes or the shortening of unsaturated hydrocarbon chains to degrade polymers or generate valuable shorter terminal olefins in a controlled manner. This Review summarizes several aspects of this reaction: the catalysts, their degradation in the presence of ethylene, some parameters driving their productivity, the side reactions, and the applications of ethenolysis in organic synthesis and in potential industrial applications.
Daun02 Inactivation of Behaviorally Activated Fos‐Expressing Neuronal Ensembles
Authors: Koya Eisuke , Margetts‐Smith Gabriella , Hope Bruce T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLearned associations about salient experiences (e.g., drug exposure, stress) and their associated environmental stimuli are mediated by a minority of sparsely distributed, behaviorally activated neurons coined ‘neuronal ensembles.’ For many years, it was not known whether these neuronal ensembles played causal roles in mediating learned behaviors. However, in the last several years the ‘Daun02 inactivation technique’ in Fos‐lacZ transgenic rats has proved very useful in establishing causal links between neuronal ensembles that express the activity‐regulated protein Fos and learned behaviors. Fos‐expressing neurons in these rats also express the bacterial protein β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) in strongly activated neurons. When the prodrug Daun02 is injected into the brains of these rats 90 min after a behavior (e.g., drug‐seeking) or cue exposure, then Daun02 is converted into daunorubicin by β‐gal, which selectively inactivates Fos‐ and β‐gal‐expressing neurons that were activated 90 min before the Daun02 injection. This unit presents protocols for breeding the Fos‐lacZ rats and conducting appropriate Daun02 inactivation experiments. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Validation of Immunomonitoring Methods for Application in Clinical Studies: The HLA‐Peptide Multimer Staining Assay
Authors: Chandran P. Anoop , Laske Karoline , Cazaly Angelica , Rusch Elisa , Schmid‐Horch Barbara , Rammensee Hans‐Georg , Ottensmeier Christian H. , Gouttefangeas Cécile 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundValidated assays are essential to generate data with defined specificity, consistency, and reliability. Although the process of validation is required for applying immunoassays in the context of clinical studies, reports on systematic validation of in vitro T cell assays are scarce so far. We recently validated our HLA‐peptide multimer staining assay in a systematic manner so as to qualify the method for monitoring antigen‐specific T cell responses after immunotherapy.MethodsParameters of the assay, specificity, precision, linearity, sensitivity, and robustness were assessed systematically. Experiments were designed to address specifically each parameter and are detailed.ResultsNonspecific multimer staining was below the acceptance limit of 0.02% multimer(+) CD8(+) cells. The assay showed acceptable precision in all dimensions it was repeated (CV < 10%) and also demonstrated a linear detection (R2 > 0.99) of antigen specific cells.ConclusionsWe succeeded in validating the HLA‐multimer staining assay in a systematic manner. Additionally, we propose a technical framework and recommendations that can be applied for validating other T cell assessment methods. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Reactions to tokenism: The role of individual characteristics in shaping responses to token decisions
Authors: Anisman‐Razin Moran , Saguy Tamar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhen only a handful of members from a disadvantaged group occupy positions of power, they are considered tokens. Previous research suggests that observers tend to consider tokenism as an egalitarian practice. Given its ambiguous nature, we hypothesized that reactions to tokenism would be shaped by individuals' sensitivity to inequality. In Study 1, we showed that women (vs. men) and individuals low (vs. high) on social dominance orientation differentiated more between a token and an egalitarian decision in the context of gender‐related practices. Similar findings were observed in Study 2, which involved gender and feminist identification as independent variables. Additional support, particularly for the role of social dominance orientation, was found in Study 3, which involved an ethnic token. Together, results demonstrate the role of individuals' chronic sensitivity to inequality in shaping their reactions to token practices. Theoretical and practical implications regarding the effect of tokenism on individuals' evaluations and responses to inequality are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fire and thermal properties of PA 66 resin treated with poly‐N‐aniline‐phenyl phosphamide as a flame retardant
Authors: Lyu WenYan , Cui YiHua , Zhang XuJie , Yuan JingYao , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn this study, a halogen‐free phosphorous‐nitrogen synergistic flame retardant, poly‐N‐aniline‐phenyl phosphamide (PDPPD), was synthesized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and elemental analysis data confirmed the structure of PDPPD. The essential FR PA66 was polymerized with PA66 pre‐polymer and PDPPD pre‐polymer, prepared from PDPPD and adipic acid. The limit oxygen index and UL‐94 test results of FR PA66 reached 28% and V‐0, respectively, when the contents of PDPPD pre‐polymer were 4.5 wt%. The thermo‐gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrated that the initial decomposition temperature of FR PA66 was 43 °C lower than that of pristine PA66 from 385 to 342 °C; however, the peak decomposition temperature was 36 °C higher than that of pure PA66 from 437 to 473 °C, when the contents of PDPPD pre‐polymer reached 4.5 wt%. Flame retardant mechanism was studied by cone calorimeter testing and SEM‐EDX, confirming that the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke product (TSP) decreased slightly, and PDPPD followed the gas phase flame retardant mechanism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effects of allicin on streptozotocin‐induced diabetic nephropathy in rats
Authors: Huang Hong , Jiang Ying , Mao Genxiang , Yuan Fang , Zheng Hexin , Ruan Yuan , Wu Tianfeng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDStudies in animal models have shown that allicin, a major biologically active component of garlic, can play a role in the prevention of tissue fibrosis in the liver, lung and heart, mainly related to the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation, fibrogenic cytokine secretion and extracellular matrix synthesis. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of allicin on renal damage in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. STZ‐induced diabetic rats were administered allicin (15, 30 and 45 mg · kg−1 · day−1) via daily intra‐gastric gavage for 12 weeks. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (sCr), lipid and 24 h urine albumin excretion (UAE) were measured at the end of weeks 4, 8 and 12. The renal histopathology and the expression levels of collagen I, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) and phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (p‐ERK1/2) were measured using immunohistochemistry and/or western blotting.RESULTSIn 12 week STZ‐induced diabetic rats, severe hyperglycemia and albuminuria were markedly developed. Treatment with allicin for 12 weeks ameliorated diabetes‐induced morphological alterations of the kidney and decreased FBG, BUN, sCr, triglyceride (TG) and 24 h UAE in diabetic rats. The expression levels of collagen I, TGF‐β1 and p‐ERK1/2 were significantly decreased by allicin treatment.CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that allicin may play a protective role in diabetic nephropathy via the TGF‐β1/ERK pathway in diabetic rats. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of propionate‐degrading consortia from agricultural biogas plants
Authors: Ahlert Stephan , Zimmermann Rita , Ebling Johannes , König Helmut 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn order to investigate the propionate‐degrading community of agricultural biogas plants, four propionate‐degrading consortia (Ap1a, N12, G12, and Wp2a) were established from different biogas plants which were fed with renewable resources. The consortia were cultivated in a batch for a period of 2–4 years and then analyzed in an 8‐week batch experiment for microbial succession during propionate degradation. Community shifts showed considerable propagation of Syntrophobacter sulfatireducens, Cryptanaerobacter sp./Pelotomaculum sp., and “Candidatus Cloacamonas sp.” in the course of decreasing propionate concentration. Methanogenic species belonged mainly to the genera Methanosarcina, Methanosaeta, and Methanoculleus. Due to the prevalent presence of the syntrophic acetate‐oxidizing species Tepidanaerobacter acetatoxydans and potentially autotrophic homoacetogenic bacteria (Moorella sp., Thermacetogenium sp.), a theoretical involvement of syntrophic acetate oxidation and autotrophic homoacetogenesis in stable and efficient propionate degradation was indicated. Considering theoretical Gibbs free energy values at different hydrogen partial pressures, it is noticeable that syntrophic acetate oxidation and autotrophic homoacetogenesis have the potential to counterbalance adverse hydrogen partial pressure fluctuations, stabilizing most probably continuous and stable propionate degradation.