bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive accuracy of the Historical‐Clinical‐Risk Management‐20 for violence in forensic psychiatric wards in Japan
Authors: Arai Kaoru , Takano Ayumi , Nagata Takako , Hirabayashi Naotsugu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundMost structured assessment tools for assessing risk of violence were developed in Western countries, and evidence for their effectiveness is not well established in Asian countries.AimsOur aim was to examine the predictive accuracy of the Historical‐Clinical‐Risk Management‐20 (HCR‐20) for violence in forensic mental health inpatient units in Japan.MethodsA retrospective record study was conducted with a complete 2008–2013 cohort of forensic psychiatric inpatients at the National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo. Forensic psychiatrists were trained in use of the HCR‐20 and asked to complete it as part of their admission assessment. The completed forms were then retained by the researchers and not used in clinical practice; for this, clinicians relied solely on national legally required guidelines. Violent outcomes were determined at 3 and 6 months after the assessment. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to calculate the predictive accuracy of the HCR‐20 for violence.ResultsArea under the curve analyses suggested that the HCR‐20 total score is a good predictor of violence in this cohort, with the clinical and risk sub‐scales showing good predictive accuracy, but the historical sub‐scale not doing so. Area under the curve figures were similar at 3 months and at 6 months.ConclusionsOur results are consistent with studies previously conducted in Western countries. This suggests that the HCR‐20 is an effective tool for supporting risk of violence assessment in Japanese forensic psychiatric wards. Its widespread use in clinical practice could enhance safety and would certainly promote transparency in risk‐related decision‐making. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Directing‐Group‐Assisted Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Direct Intermolecular C−H Amidation and Amination of Arenes
Authors: Zhou Yirong , Yuan Jianjun , Yang Qin , Xiao Qiang , Peng Yiyuan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis review focuses on the most recent advances in the field of transition‐metal‐catalyzed direct intermolecular C−H amidation and amination of arenes. The manuscript is divided into two parts according to whether or not external oxidants are required. The first part includes the cases of simple neutral amines, amides, or sulfonamides in combination with external oxidants. The second section contains the examples of preactivated amino sources in the absence of any external oxidants. In each part, the content is classified in line with the different types of transition‐metal catalysts used, including Rh, Ru, Ir, Pd, Cu, Ni, Co, and Fe. In addition, the substrate scope and limitations as well as catalytic mechanism are discussed.
Adamantyl‐ and Furanyl‐Protected Nanoscale Silver Sulfide Clusters
Authors: Bestgen Sebastian , Yang Xiaoxun , Issac Ibrahim , Fuhr Olaf , Roesky Peter W. , Fenske Dieter 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe silver salts of 1‐adamantanethiol (AdSH) and furan‐2‐ylmethanethiol (FurCH2SH) were successfully applied as building blocks for ligand‐protected Ag2S nanoclusters. The reaction of the silver thiolates [AgSAd]x and [AgSCH2Fur]x with S(SiMe3)2 and 1,5‐bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane (dpppt) afforded three different clusters with 58, 94 and, 190 silver atoms. The intensely colored compounds [Ag58S13(SAd)32] (1), [Ag94S34(SAd)26(dpppt)6] (2), and [Ag190S58(SCH2Fur)74(dpppt)8] (3) were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and exhibit different cluster core geometries and ligand shells. The diameters of the well‐defined sphere‐shaped nanoclusters range from 2.2 nm to 3.5 nm.
An Edge Selection Mechanism for Chirally Selective Solubilization of Binaphthyl Atropisomeric Guests by Cholate and Deoxycholate Micelles
Authors: Eckenroad Kyle W. , Manley Gregory A. , Yehl Jenna B. , Pirnie Ross T. , Strein Timothy G. , Rovnyak David 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCombining micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experimentation, we shed light on the structural basis for the chirally selective solubilization of atropisomeric binaphthyl compounds by bile salt micelles comprised of cholate (NaC) or deoxycholate (NaDC). The model binaphthyl analyte R,S‐BNDHP exhibits chirally selective interactions with primary micellar aggregates of cholate and deoxycholate, as does the closely related analyte binaphthol (R,S‐BN). Chiral selectivity was localized, by NMR chemical shift analysis, to the proton at the C12 position of these bile acids. Correspondingly, MEKC results show that the 12α‐OH group of either NaC or NaDC is necessary for chirally selective resolution of these model binaphthyl analytes by bile micelles, and the S isomer is more highly retained by the micelles. With NMR, the chemical shift of 12β‐H was perturbed more strongly in the presence of S‐BNDHP than R‐BNDHP. Intermolecular NOEs demonstrate that R,S‐BNDHP and R,S‐BN interact with a similar hydrophobic planar pocket lined with the methyl groups of the bile salts, and are best explained by the existence of an antiparallel dimeric unit of bile salts. Finally, chemical shift data and intermolecular NOEs support different interactions of the enantiomers with the edges of dimeric bile units, indicating that R,S‐BNDHP enantiomers sample the same binding site preferentially from opposite edges of the dimeric bile unit. Chirality 28:525–533, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prasugrel Use in Real Life: A Report From the Outpatient Setting in France
Authors: Sabouret Pierre , Taiel‐Sartral Magali , Chartier Florence , Akiki Sabine , Cuisset Thomas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to provide descriptive statistics on patterns of prasugrel usage in the outpatient setting in France. This retrospective study was conducted to describe treatment patterns for prasugrel in the outpatient setting in France using the Intercontinental Marketing Services (IMS) Disease Analyzer database, which collates electronic medical records updated by a nationally representative database of 1200 French general practitioners (GPs). Anonymous data were collected prospectively at each follow‐up visit. The study population consisted of patients with ≥1 prescription for prasugrel in the outpatient setting from its launch date to 3 years post‐launch. Patients were followed up from the date of the first prescription for prasugrel recorded in the database until they died, changed GP, or reached the end of the study, whichever came first. In France, the IMS Disease Analyzer included 1052 patients receiving ≥1 prescription of prasugrel from January 2010 until October 2012. Eighty‐five percent of the population was male. The mean age was 58 years; 94.3% were age <75 years, and 95.0% weighed ≥60 kg. Of the total, 99.8% of patients were prescribed a daily maintenance dose of 10 mg, and 0.2% had a history of transient ischemic attack/stroke. Concomitant medications were antiplatelet agents (100%; aspirin, 93.7%), lipid‐lowering agents (90.1%), β‐blockers (83.7%), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (62.2%), and anti‐ulcer medications (55.1%). The results reflect good usage of prasugrel by French GPs in the outpatient setting, with excellent implementation of the Prasugrel European Summary Product Characteristics.
Pharmacokinetics of Lidocaine and Its Metabolites Following Vaginal Administration of Lidocaine Gel to Healthy Female Subjects
Authors: Martell Bridget , Kushner Harvey , Richardson Elaine , Mize Amy , Mayer Philip 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLidocaine vaginal bioadhesive gel is being developed as a local anesthetic for use in minimally invasive outpatient gynecological procedures and was investigated in single‐dose and multiple‐dose studies in healthy young adult women. Lidocaine doses of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% (w/w) were administered, and parent drug and metabolites monoethylglycinexylidide and glycinexylidide were measured in plasma. Lidocaine was absorbed through vaginal tissue and into the systemic circulation in a dose‐proportional manner, and there was little systemic accumulation. Plasma concentrations were 10‐ to 20‐fold lower than concentrations obtained after administration of intravenous lidocaine used to treat arrhythmic activity, thus demonstrating a wide safety margin for a vaginal lidocaine product.
Absolute Configuration from Different Multifragmentation Pathways in Light‐Induced Coulomb Explosion Imaging
Authors: Pitzer Martin , Kastirke Gregor , Kunitski Maksim , Jahnke Till , Bauer Tobias , Goihl Christoph , Trinter Florian , Schober Carl , Henrichs Kevin , Becht Jasper , Zeller Stefan , Gassert Helena , Waitz Markus , Kuhlins Andreas , Sann Hendrik , Sturm Felix , Wiegandt Florian , Wallauer Robert , Schmidt Lothar Ph. H. , Johnson Allan S. , Mazenauer Manuel , Spenger Benjamin , Marquardt Sabrina , Marquardt Sebastian , Schmidt‐Böcking Horst , Stohner Jürgen , Dörner Reinhard , Schöffler Markus , Berger Robert 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe absolute configuration of individual small molecules in the gas phase can be determined directly by light‐induced Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI). Herein, this approach is demonstrated for ionization with a single X‐ray photon from a synchrotron light source, leading to enhanced efficiency and faster fragmentation as compared to previous experiments with a femtosecond laser. In addition, it is shown that even incomplete fragmentation pathways of individual molecules from a racemic CHBrClF sample can give access to the absolute configuration in CEI. This leads to a significant increase of the applicability of the method as compared to the previously reported complete break‐up into atomic ions and can pave the way for routine stereochemical analysis of larger chiral molecules by light‐induced CEI.
Catalytic Conversion of Alcohols into Carboxylic Acid Salts in Water: Scope, Recycling, and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Zhang Lei , Nguyen Duc Hanh , Raffa Guillaume , Trivelli Xavier , Capet Frédéric , Desset Simon , Paul Sébastien , Dumeignil Franck , Gauvin Régis M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover are the groups of Franck Dumeignil and Régis Gauvin at the University of Lille. The image illustrates the oxidation of alcohols by ruthenium complexes in and by water, with release of hydrogen as the only co‐product. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201600243.
Early weaning impairs fear extinction and decreases brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression in the prefrontal cortex of adult male C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Mogi Kazutaka , Ishida Yuiko , Nagasawa Miho , Kikusui Takefumi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe examined the developmental effects of early weaning on anxiety and the extinction of fear memory in male C57BL/6 mice. Early weaning led to increased freezing behaviors after fear conditioning via the foot‐shock method both during extinction training and in a test of extinction recall, but did not induce significant changes in anxiety‐like behavior. In addition, we found that the levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein and mRNA transcripts for BDNF exon III in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) at the time of extinction recall were impaired in early‐weaned mice compared to normally weaned mice. In light of consistent finding that early‐weaned mice experience greater stress at weaning, these data suggest that early weaning of male C57BL/6 mice is valuable for studies of the pathogenesis of post‐traumatic stress disorder.
Should scientists be required to use a model‐based solution to adjust for possible distance‐based detectability bias?
Authors: Hutto Richard L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe most popular method used to gain an understanding of population trends or of differences in bird abundance among land condition categories is to use information derived from point counts. Unfortunately, various factors can affect one's ability to detect birds, and those factors need to be controlled or accounted for so that any difference in one's index among time periods or locations is an accurate reflection of differences in bird abundance and not differences in detectability. Avian ecologists could use appropriately sized fixed‐area surveys to minimize the chance that they might be deceived by distance‐based detectability bias, but the current method of choice is to use a modeling approach that allows one to account for distance‐based bias by modeling the effects of distance on detectability or occupancy. I challenge the idea that modeling is the best approach to account for distance‐based effects on the detectability of birds because the most important distance‐based modeling assumptions can never be met. The use of a fixed‐area survey method to generate an index of abundance is the simplest way to control for distance‐based detectability bias and should not be universally condemned or be the basis for outright rejection in the publication process.
Femtosecond Pulse Radiolysis
Authors: KONDOH TAKAFUMI , YANG JINFENG , KAN KOICHI , GOHDO MASAO , SHIBATA HIROMI , YOSHIDA YOICHI 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYFemtosecond pulse radiolysis has been developed in order to study reactions induced in materials by an electron beam. The femtosecond electron pulse is generated by optimizing the laser photocathode FR electron gun accelerator. A time resolution of 240 fs was achieved by using a femtosecond electron pulse, and the formation of hydrated electrons was observed under femtosecond pulse radiolysis. In order to improve the time resolution of the pulse radiolysis, the equivalent velocity spectroscopy (EVS) method is essential for avoiding degradation in the time resolution caused by velocity differences between the electrons and light in a sample.
Improved Sensitivity and Durability of Poly(3‐Hexylthiophene)‐Based Polymeric Photodetectors Using Indium Tin Oxide Modified by Phosphonic Acid–Based Self‐Assembled Monolayer Treatment
Authors: KAJII HIROTAKE , SATO YUSUKE , MORIMUNE TAICHIRO , OHMORI YUTAKA 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYOrganic photodetectors based on poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blends with indium tin oxide (ITO) modified by phosphonic acid–based self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) treatment in a short time are investigated. The mixed SAMs serve to tune the surface free energy and the work function of ITO by varying the blend ratio. The phosphonic acid–based SAM treatment results not only in lowering of the injection barrier at the ITO/organic layer interface but also in the lowering of the contact resistance between ITO and the organic layer, as shown by impedance spectroscopy in P3HT hole‐only device with SAMs. P3HT:PCBM device with ITO modified by short treatment time of 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorooctane‐phosphonic acid exhibits an incident‐photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency of above 50% at –2 V, a high on/off ratio, and improved durability.
Functional Design of Electrochemical Biosensors Using Polypyrrole
Authors: PREETHICHANDRA DALUWATHU MULLA GAMAGE , ONODA MITSUYOSHI 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYIn order to improve biosensor performance, namely, the sensitivity, response time, and linear range values, novel amperometric polypyrrole (PPy) glucose biosensors, achieved by three different immobilizing techniques, namely, physical adsorption, coentrapment, and a two‐step method of coentrapment with superimposed physical adsorption, have been studied. Different enzyme loading and material properties resulted in varied immobilizing techniques, leading to dissimilarities in characteristics. In this study, Pt coated AnodiscsTM with 0.2 μm maximum pore size were used as electrodes to polymerize PPy at 0.3 mAcm−2 using a solution containing 0.05 mol/L pyrrole and 0.1 M NaPF6. The polymerization time was optimized to 90 s. In the coentrapment method, glucose oxidase (GOx) (1 mg/mL) was added to the monomer solution while an aliquot of GOx (5 μL) was placed on the prepolymerized electrode for physical adsorption. A combination of these two techniques was used as the last immobilization technique. The physical adsorption method gave a sensitivity of 3 mAcm−2 (mol/L)−1 and a linear range of 0.5 × 10−3 mol/L to 13 × 10−3 mol/L with a response time of 3 s. The sensitivity in the case of coentrapment was 3.75 mAcm−2 (mol/L)−1, while the value was 4.45 mAcm−2 (mol/L)−1 in two‐step immobilization, thus giving 25% and 48% increases, respectively. The response times of 9 s and 8 s in the latter cases reveal possible repercussion taking place in enzyme immobilization in a three‐dimensional (3D) PPy matrix and a delay in the time required for glucose to reach the enzyme. The linear range of the two‐step method was extended to 16 × 10−3 mol/L by reinforced enzyme loading.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Pyrolysis Oils
Authors: Routray Kamalakanta , Barnett Kevin J. , Huber George W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio‐oil derived from white oak wood using non‐sulfided catalysts was studied in a two zone continuous flow trickle bed reactor system. The major organic components of the pyrolysis oil were pyrolytic lignin (large phenolic polymers), xylose, levoglucosan, organic acids (primarily acetic acid), and hydroxyacetaldehyde. The first zone was a low temperature zone (130 °C) that contained a Ru/C catalyst. In this zone, carbonyl groups were hydrogenated, producing propylene glycol (from hydroxyacetone), ethylene glycol (from hydroxyacetaldehyde), and sorbitol (from levoglucosan). A more severe hydrotreatment was performed in a second zone containing a bifunctional Pt/ZrP catalyst at a temperature between 300 and 400 °C. In the two‐stage HDO, an organic phase was produced that consisted of a distribution of hydrocarbons that were primarily cyclic alkanes (naphthenes) ranging from C7 to C24. The organic phase carbon yield decreased with increasing reaction temperature in the second zone. Catalyst deactivation and reactor plugging by coking occurred under all reaction conditions after 55–72 h time on stream (TOS). After ≈55 h TOS, more than 25 % of the carbon in the original bio‐oil was accumulated as coke, with increasing amounts for higher temperatures in the second zone. Hydrotreatment gave rise to >C5 hydrocarbon (gasoline and distillate‐range fuel) overall yields between ≈30 and 47 carbon % for all experiments compared to the 79.5 % theoretical yield calculated for the bio‐oil feedstock. Coke formation and undesired cracking to C1–C4 hydrocarbon gases were the main causes of lower fuel carbon yields.
Micropollutants in European rivers: A mode of action survey to support the development of effect-based tools for water monitoring
Authors: Busch Wibke , Schmidt Susanne , Kühne Ralph , Schulze Tobias , Krauss Martin , Altenburger Rolf 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Environmental quality monitoring of water resources is challenged with providing the basis for safeguarding the environment against adverse biological effects from exposure to anthropogenic chemicals originating from diffuse and point sources. Although current regulatory efforts focus on monitoring and assessing a few legacy chemicals, many more anthropogenic chemicals are and will become detected in aquatic resources as a result of progress in analytical techniques. Assessing this type of exposure information based on available standard approaches from prospective risk assessment for single chemicals inevitably leads to indication of risk in most surface water bodies. As an alternative to generic assessment approaches, effect-based monitoring approaches are suggested. This offers the advantage of reducing uncertainties of effect extrapolation and additionally accounts for mixture effects. To become a credible complement to chemical monitoring information, however, a better understanding of the capabilities and gaps of available effect-based tools is needed. The authors therefore undertook to 1) compile organic contaminants detected in freshwater monitoring studies, 2) provide a synopsis of the mode of action knowledge available for the detected compounds, 3) perform a hazard ranking to identify priority mixtures, and 4) reflect on the challenges to make bioassays fit for effect-based monitoring. The present Focus article shows that chemical occurrence in European freshwaters seems to be highly variable in composition and relative abundancies. Further, although the present mode of action knowledge remains limited, the authors already see the need for batteries of effect-based tools if a more comprehensive coverage of prevailing effect qualities for mixtures is to be targeted. Finally, they suggest a list of organic compounds that could serve as a reference list for effect-based tool validation studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1887–1899. © 2016 SETAC
Perceived burdensomeness is associated with low‐lethality suicide attempts, dysfunctional interpersonal style, and younger rather than older age
Authors: Vanyukov Polina M. , Szanto Katalin , Hallquist Michael , Moitra Modhurima , Dombrovski Alexandre Y. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesPerceived burdensomeness is thought to contribute to suicide risk. However, suicidal behavior is clinically and psychologically heterogeneous. Does a high level of perceived burdensomeness differentiate medically serious suicidal acts, most closely resembling death by suicide, from less serious ones? How is perceived burdensomeness related to dysfunctional personality dimensions implicated in suicide? We sought to answer these questions in a cross‐sectional, case–control study of adults, aged 42 years or older (n = 165).MethodsParticipants were suicidal depressed with history of high‐lethality and low‐lethality attempts, depressed with serious suicidal ideation, depressed non‐suicidal, and psychiatrically healthy controls. Following detailed clinical characterization, we assessed perceived burdensomeness, the Big Five, impulsivity, and anger rumination.ResultsLow‐lethality attempters reported the highest levels of perceived burdensomeness, followed by ideators, high‐lethality attempters, non‐suicidal depressed, and healthy controls. Group differences were robust to confounders, including demographics, severity of depression, and physical illness burden. In suicide attempters, perceived burdensomeness scaled positively with neuroticism, impulsivity, and anger and negatively with extraversion, conscientiousness, and age.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that perceived burdensomeness is most prominent in a subgroup of younger individuals with lower‐lethality suicide attempts and a dysfunctional interpersonal style. Older adults with high‐lethality attempts are surprisingly more resilient to the feelings of burdensomeness. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dominating Sets in Projective Planes
Authors: Héger Tamás , Nagy Zoltán Lóránt 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe describe small dominating sets of the incidence graphs of finite projective planes by establishing a stability result that shows that dominating sets are strongly related to blocking and covering sets. Our main result states that if a dominating set in a projective plane of order is smaller than (i.e., twice the size of a Baer subplane), then it contains either all but possibly one points of a line or all but possibly one lines through a point. Furthermore, we completely characterize dominating sets of size at most . In Desarguesian planes, we could rely on strong stability results on blocking sets to show that if a dominating set is sufficiently smaller than 3q, then it consists of the union of a blocking set and a covering set apart from a few points and lines.