bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkohol och äldre
Authors: Ramstedt Mats 
Published: December 2017

M. Ramstedt: Alcohol use and related harms among older people in Sweden – not a marginal issue anymore There has been an increasing interest in drinking among older people in Sweden in recent years as today's older people drink more than previous generations and also constitute a larger part of the population. This paper examines survey data on drinking habits in combination with register data on alcohol-related harms to obtain a clearer picture of the importance of alcohol among older people in Sweden today. A clear majority older people in Sweden drink alcohol at least on a monthly basis; in 2007, the differences when compared to younger age groups were quite small. Still, as regards levels of drinking and frequency of binge drinking, older people drank less than younger age groups. In contrast to younger age groups who reported less drinking between 2002 and 2007, older age groups tended to have stable or increasing consumption. In addition, alcohol-related mortality and hospitalisation as well as drink-driving, have increased among older people in recent years but not among younger groups. Cohort effects and media reports of the beneficial effects of alcohol are brought up as plausible explanations for the results. Implications for the total consumption model and the theory of collectivity of drinking culture are also discussed.
Visioner och Sätt att Verkställa Dem: Nyckelaktörers Åsikter om Lokal Alkoholpolitik
Authors: Holmila Marja , Warpenius Katariina , Tigerstedt Christoffer 
Published: December 2017

This study is based on an analysis of discussions of local experts on the prevention of alcohol-related harms. Dismantling of the centralized and hierarchical alcohol control system in Finland has shifted responsibilities from the state to the local level, and restructured the system of alcohol policy and prevention. At the state level greater emphasis is now placed on supporting and enabling local work, and the local level is expected to co-ordinate multiprofessional team work on a broad basis. In this process the roles and responsibilities of different actors are being reconfigured. The substudy is a part of the Local Alcohol Policy (PAKKA) demonstration and evaluation project. This particular sub-study focuses on the possibilities and factors influencing sustainability of local interventions. The data were gathered in four group discussions. The discussion groups consisted of various actors influential in the professional fields of alcohol retail and the restaurant business, liquor licensing and surveillance, the police, and municipal harm prevention. The thematic discussion was facilitated by a researcher. The discussions were videotaped and transcribed and analysed by using the group as the unit of analyses. The participants explored ways of resolving the pressures caused by the decentralizing of alcohol prevention to the local level, and conceptualized the role and position of preventive work amid the changes in the alcohol administration. The different groups had similar views on the difficulties and obstacles faced by local prevention of alcohol-related harms. All of them also discussed the balance between public and private responsibility. The groups differed from one another in terms of how they saw the relationship between alcohol markets, civil society and the public sector. They also differed in how optimistic they were about the future of local work in the prevention of alcohol-related harms. The analysis reveals a kind of an empowerment story about the future possibilities of local alcohol policy.
Distance and Cross-Border Shopping for Alcohol
Authors: Bygvrå Susanne 
Published: December 2017

Since 1973 when Denmark joined the EEC, Danes have flocked to Germany to buy alcoholic beverages more cheaply than in Denmark. In the decades since accession to the EU, the Danish duty-free allowances and the price relations between Denmark and Germany have changed several times. Each change has been followed by adjustments in consumers' shopping behaviour. As people living at different distances from the border face different travel costs, it is likely that they have different purchasing behaviour and react dissimilarly to changing terms. The purpose of this paper is to explore how people at different distances to the border use the opportunity for purchasing alcoholic beverages in Germany and how their purchases have changed. The analyses are based on data gathered by face-to-face interviews with Danes crossing the border on their way back from Germany. Eight surveys carried out between 1986 and 2003 are included in the study. It is concluded that distance plays a decisive role in cross-border shopping for alcoholic beverages. In general, those living within 25 km from the border exhibit behaviour significantly different from travellers from larger distances.
Changes in Private Alcohol Importation after Alcohol Tax Reductions and Import Allowance Increases in Denmark
Authors: Grittner Ulrike , Bloomfield Kim 
Published: December 2017

Aims This paper examines changes in alcohol import in Denmark between 2003 and 2006, after the excise tax on spirits in Denmark was lowered by 45% on October 1, 2003, and travellers' allowances for alcohol import were increased on January 1, 2004. Additionally, the paper seeks to develop a profile of alcohol importers and analyse the relation between the distance to the German border and import behaviour, as Germany is the main alcohol import country for Denmark. Data Cross-sectional and panel data from Denmark, from 2003 to 2006, were analyzed. Samples were collected by telephone interviews, using random digit dialing. Results While the percentage of people who imported alcohol fell over time, the amount of alcohol purchased rose for those who did import. Distance to the German border was inversely related to the likelihood of importing and the level of imported amounts. Heavy drinkers and those with higher incomes were more likely to import, and heavy drinkers imported higher amounts than moderate drinkers or abstainers. Conclusion Distance of residence from the German border, socio-economic status and drinking behaviour are related to private alcohol import in Denmark. Policy changes resulted in a shift to fewer people importing higher amounts of alcohol so that the overall import level did not change substantially.
Travellers' Alcohol Imports to Sweden at the Beginning of the 21st Century
Authors: Svensson Johan 
Published: December 2017

Background Privately imported alcohol has increased during the last decade in Sweden. Estimates suggest an increase from 1.1 liter (pure alcohol) per inhabitant in 1996 to 2.7 liters in 2004, and a decrease to 1.8 liters by 2007. Privately imported alcohol represented approximately 20% of total consumption in Sweden during the period 2001–2007 and thus represents a large amount of all alcohol consumed. However, the drinking habits of importers have been rarely studied. Aim The main aim of this paper is to examine drinking patterns and experiences of alcohol-related problems among Swedes who bring alcohol in from abroad and to investigate whether these differ according to the levels of importing. In addition those who bring alcohol in from abroad are compared with those who do not. Data & Methods Data on private import of alcohol, alcohol consumption, adverse consequences of alcohol and socio-demographics were obtained from a monthly telephone survey for the period January 2002 until December 2007 and were aggregated into annual data. For each month a randomised population of 1,500 individuals where asked whether they had returned to Sweden from abroad. If they responded affirmatively they where then asked questions on how many times abroad, during the last 30 days, and if they had brought any alcohol to Sweden the last and or the second-to-the-last time. Irrespective of the respondent had been abroad or not questions on alcohol consumption, drinking patterns, adverse consequences and socio-demographics were asked. On average the telephone interviews lasted for approximately ten minutes. Logistic regressions was used to estimate the association between drinking habits (and problems) and different amounts of alcohol imports. Results The findings of this study indicate that those who import alcohol drink more and engage in binge drinking more frequently than those who do not. However, adverse consequences of alcohol consumption were not reported to the same degree as among the non-importers.
En Påtvingad Relation: Stöd och Kontroll i Kontaktmannarelationen Inom LVM-Vården
Authors: Billquist Leila , Skårner Anette 
Published: December 2017

This article explores how the dual role of support and control is staged and managed in the compulsory treatment of adult alcohol and drug addicts, particularly how it is expressed in the relationship between clients and their key staff members (KSM). The study on which this article is based was performed in Sweden. The empirical data consists of observations of everyday life in four residential treatment centres where compulsory care takes place as well as qualitative interviews with clients and their KSMs. The findings show the different strategies clients and KSMs use and develop to deal with the tension between support and control. The article emphasises that compulsory treatment of drug addicts is permeated by contradictory and complex situations and interaction patterns that may be seen as paradoxical. The results show that, under certain conditions, it is possible to develop therapeutically helpful relationships within compulsory addiction treatment. However compulsory elements as such reduce the potential for these kinds of relationships.
What's in a Name?: Alcohol and Drug Treatment and the Politics of Confusion
Authors: Edman Johan 
Published: December 2017

Aims The aim of this article is to investigate the use of a rather vague medical conceptual framework within the compulsory treatment of alcohol and drug users in Sweden during the 20th century. The focus lies on exploring how a phenomenon came to be described as pathological, what the causes are for certain actions being suddenly interpreted in medical terms, and what consequences that might lead to. Design Supported by theoretical speculations on medicalization processes and conceptual history, two empirical cases (the compulsory care of alcohol abusers in the 1950s and the legislative process leading to psychiatric compulsory care of drug users in the late 1960s) are investigated. The first case draws mainly upon official reports and archive material from alcohol treatment institutions, whilst the second case is built from reading official reports and parliamentary material. The research task for the two empirical cases has not quite been the same: whereas the first case is illustrated by the discrepancies between the labelling of treatment activities and the treatment actually carried out, the second case rather draws upon the enlargement of the field of signification of the disease concept to cover most aspects of drug use. Results A medicalization process on different levels is traced both in the post-war compulsory treatment of alcohol abusers as well as the compulsory psychiatric care for drug abusers that was introduced from the late 1960s onwards. Conclusion The investigated cases show how the medicalization processes benefited from conceptual vagueness, leading to a widening of the conceptual dimensions of both the treatment and disease concepts. In this, the medicalization of alcohol abuse in the 1950s and drug abuse in the 1960s made way for a paternalistic justification of compulsory care measures that might otherwise have become politically troublesome.
Limits of Evidence – the Case of Psychosocial Interventions in a Swedish Review of Maintenance Treatment Research
Authors: Ekendahl Mats 
Published: December 2017

In Sweden, maintenance treatment (MT) with methadone has been a controversial exception to drug-free treatment. However, efficacy, prescription control and the provision of simultaneous psychosocial treatment (PST) have provided MT with political legitimacy. This view, notably stressing that PST is an important complement to medication, was presented in central Swedish policy documents that paved the way for less strict MT regulations in 2005. Aim The present study aims to analyse how the various stakeholders involved in this policy process described and evaluated the efficacy and legitimacy of PST within the framework of the MT discussion. Data & Method The data consists of a document authored by a state agency (a preliminary review of MT research) and various stakeholders' written commentaries on it. different representations of PST (so-called constructions) were coded thematically and analysed using discourse analytical concepts. Results The results show that stakeholders' constructions of PST draw on different discourses related to the governance of Swedish opiate addiction treatment. Four constructions were identified, PST as: “mere complement” (narrow empirical discourse); “underrated intervention” (practitioner discourse); “preferred intervention” (ideological discourse) and “complex intervention” (antireductionist discourse). The study illustrates how the narrow empirical discourse's construction of PST as a mere complement was challenged by the three other discourses, but shows that the former remained the dominant influence on subsequent MT regulations. It also highlights that references to beliefs and alleged facts are intertwined in stakeholders' rhetorical efforts to assign meaning to PST. This suggests that science and ideology are interrelated in policy discussions on opiate addiction treatment, and that firm conclusions about the value of help interventions rely as much on scientific evidence as on strategic argumentation.
Internet poker
Authors: Tryggvesson Kalle 
Published: December 2017

K. Tryggvesson: Internet poker – Prevalence and problems in Sweden 2006 This paper examines the prevalence of internet poker gambling and gambling-related problems in Sweden in 2006. The sample consists of 16,500 random digit dialling quantitative telephone interviews that were completed with Swedes aged 16–80 during the last 11 months of 2006. Respondents were asked questions about their gambling activity with regard to type of gambling, level of gambling activity and gambling-related problems. The relationship between type of gambling activity and gambling-related problems was examined by means of Chi-square and logistic regression analyses. The paper shows that internet poker gamblers were more likely to report gambling-related problems than other gamblers. This effect was related to several factors; internet poker attracts a vulnerable population, internet computer-based games increase the risk due to the high level of availability and for reasons associated with the technology itself, and finally, the game itself, poker, increases the risk for problematic gambling behaviour.
A rare case of leiomyosarcoma arising from vault post-hysterectomy
Authors: Bhuyar Sonal , Sontakke Bhavana , Dharmale Neha 
Published: December 2017

Fibroid/Leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the uterus, arising from uterine smooth muscle. Atypical leiomyomas are rare forms of Myoma (fibroid uterus), of which recurrent atypical leiomyoma post hysterectomy is rarer and its converting in leiomyosarcoma arising from vault is rarest. Here we report an unusual case of a 76yrs female, with leiomyosarcoma in an atypical leiomyoma arising from vault post-hysterectomy. A 76-year-old P3L3 patient presented with pain and distension of abdomen, post hysterectomy done 4 years back for chronic inversion and cervical fibroid polyp she was diagnosed as atypical leiomyoma. Laparotomy was done with a provisional diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. Though Rarest (0.13-0.26%), a differential diagnosis of neoplastic changes should be kept in mind in patients with atypical leiomyoma, in patients presenting with any mass/pain abdomen, irrespective of any gynaecological complaints. This case shows that though it is unexpected after hysterectomy, leiomyosarcoma has to be considered in a case of abdominal mass. Atypical leiomyoma develops approximately in one to five cases out of 1,000 women with fibroid and it getting converted in leiomyosarcoma is rarest. Hence, diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma should always be kept in mind though the patient is hysterectomised.
MR imaging of meniscal tears
Authors: Gadgil Sharad G. , Kakade Abhay G. , Bagga Rounak R. , Yadav Mahesh H. , Patni Zoya Mohammed Yusuf 
Published: December 2017

Background: Menisci transmit the forces across the joint and cushion the mechanical loading of the joint. Thus, it is important to identify meniscal tear. A thorough understanding of normal meniscal anatomy and surrounding structure is critical for diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is the current modality of choice providing fine resolution and multi-planar imaging for identifying the meniscal injuries and the various pattern of tear, helping to plan the subsequent management. The purpose of the work was to study the role of MRI in classifying the meniscal injuries.Methods: MRI Knee of 136 patients with meniscal injuries was studied. All the MR imaging scans were performed on 1.5-T MR system (Siemens magnetom Essenza).Results: A total of 136 patients were studied in which majority of the patient’s i.e. 90.44 % had medial meniscal tear while 18.38 % patients had lateral meniscal tear. Both medial and lateral meniscal tears were found in 8.82 % patients. Among the different types of tears, horizontal tear was the most common tear in both medial and lateral meniscus comprising 52.8 % and 52 % respectively. The tears being most common in the age group 41-50years. There were associated injuries to the other ligaments of the knee joint along with meniscal tear, ACL tear being the most common and was seen in 50% of patients.Conclusions: MRI is a good modality for classifying meniscal injury and evaluation of injuries to the associated ligaments. Secondary signs are good predictors of underlying meniscal tear in equivocal cases.
Recensione: Santoro, Elisabetta & Vedder, Ineke (a cura di). (2016). Pragmatica e interculturalità in italiano lingua seconda. Firenze, Italia: Franco Cesati Editore.
Authors: Valentini Ada 
Published: December 2017

Il volume è dedicato allo sviluppo della competenza pragmatica, nelle sue diversificate sottocomponenti, nell’ambito dell’acquisizione e dell’insegnamento dell’italiano lingua seconda o straniera. Vi si trattano, sulla base di dati empirici di varia natura, atti linguistici di diverso tipo, ipotesi o interventi didattici generali o specifici (per es. sul lessico), competenze interazionali sino a test di valutazione.
Aqueous oxidation of acetaminophen with monochloramine
Authors: Abou Mehrez O. , Masri F. , Baroudi M. , Dossier-Berne F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The reactivity of the common pain reliever acetaminophen (paracetamol or 4-acetamidophenol) with monochloramine in aqueous solution was investigated in this study. Initially, monochloramine demands of acetaminophen (AAP) and its chlorination byproduct, 1,4-benzoquinone, were determined in excess of oxidant at pH 8.5 and 25 °C. Monochloramine demands of AAP and 1,4-benzoquinone were respectively 1.2 (±0.2) and 4.4 (±0.3) mol/mol after 72 h of reaction. Chlorination reactions were also conducted under the same experimental conditions in order to compare the oxidant demands and the reactivity of free chlorine and monochloramine toward AAP and 1,4-benzoquinone. Chlorine demands of AAP and 1,4-benzoquinone were much more important than monochloramine demands and respectively accounted for 13.4 (±0.2) and 6.8 (±0.5) mol/mol. The reaction of AAP with monochloramine was monitored using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance (HPLC-UV). AAP reacted with monochloramine to form simultaneously two first byproducts. The half-life of reaction was estimated to be 90 min. The apparent second-order rate constant (kapp2) for the reaction of AAP with monochloramine at pH 8.5 was 231 M−1·h−1.
The influence of sowing period and seeding norm on autumn vegetation, winter hardiness and yield of winter cereal crops
Authors: Potapova Galina Nikolaevna , Ivanova Mariia Sergeevna 
Published: December 2017

The winter wheat and triticale in the middle part of the Ural Mountains haven’t been seeded before. The technology of winter crop cultivation should be improved due to the production of new varieties of winter rye. Winter hardiness and yield of winter rye are higher in comparison with winter triticale and especially with winter wheat. The sowing period and the seeding rate influence the amount of yield and winter hardiness. The winter hardiness of winter cereals and the yield of the rye variety Iset sowed on August 25 and the yield of the triticale variety Bashkir short-stalked and wheat Kazanskaya 560 sowed on August 15 were higher. It is important to sow winter grain in local conditions in the second half of August. The sowing this period allows to provide plants with the necessary amount of positive temperatures (450–500 °C). This helps the plants to form 3–4 shoots of tillering and a mass of 10 dry plants reaching 3–5 grams. The winter grain crops in the middle part of the Ural Mountains should be sown with seeding rates of 6 and 7 million of sprouting grains per 1 ha, and the seeds must be cultivated with fungicidal preparation before seeding.
Improvement for more effective implementation of non-profitable assets from Russian banks
Authors: Khusnullin Rifkat Rishatovich , Krioni Olga Valeryevna 
Published: December 2017

Non-core assets of banks are assets not related to the main activity of banks. The purpose of writing the article – improvement of methods for selling non-core assets. The analysis of foreign and domestic practices in the sale of non-core assets was carried out. The proposed method for selling non-core assets is effective and can be used in the practice of Russian banks.