bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Insecticides Against the Corn Thrips, 1995
Authors: Mau R. F. L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Oyama R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The insecticides Ammo 2.5 EC and Capture 2 EC were tested in two field trials from February to April. Trials were conducted at the Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. fields located near Kalaheo on the Hawaiian Island of Kauai. For each trial, the same treatments and field design were utilized. Seven treatments were set in a RCB design with four replications. Each treatment replication consisted of six rows of corn at 60 ft. length. The corn seeds were planted on 30 inch centers and 8.5 inch inrow spacing. Treatments were separated by a 5-ft non-spray buffer area. Adjacent replications were separated by a 10-ft non-spray buffer area. Extra corn rows were planted in the field area; therefore, not all of the area was utilized. The total area of the field actually used for the experiment was 0.83 acre. The field for Trial 1 was planted on 17 Jan and for Trial 2 on 16 Mar. The fields were irrigated by drip irrigation at 3-4 d intervals. Two spray applications were made at 1-week intervals with a Hagie 8250 sprayer at 40 psi with a tractor speed of approximately 3 mph. The boom ran on three sets of nozzles with 16-17-16 nozzles per set, respectfully. The nozzles distance on the boom corresponded with row spacing therefore sprays were applied with one nozzle per row. In both field trials, Ammo and Capture were applied at a rate of 50 gpa. Dimethoate was used at 100 gpa for trial 1 and 50 gpa in trial 2. The adjuvant Silwett L-77 was used at 8.0 oz./acre for treatments applied at 50 gpa and at 4.0 oz./acre at 100 gpa. Treatments were made on 24 Feb and 2 Mar for Trial 1 and on 8 Apr and 13 Apr for Trial 2.
Evaluation of Warrior Against the Corn Thrips, 1996
Authors: Mau R. F. L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Oyama R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Corn thrips is an important pest of the corn seed industry in Hawaii. If the insect is not controlled, it causes direct feeding injury that results in plant stunting or death of young corn plants. At these injury levels, economic reductions in seed yield of 70 to 100% have occurred. The field evaluation was conducted at Pioneer Hi-Bred International’s field located near Kekaha on the Hawaiian island of Kauai. Two rates of Warrior (1 EC), a treated standard (Capture 2 EC at 0.1 lb (AI)/acre) and an untreated check, were set in a RCB design with four replications. Each treatment replicate consisted of 10 rows of corn at 30 ft. length. The field was seeded on 18 Mar on 30 inch centers and 8.5 inch in-row plant spacing. Treatments were separated by a 5-ft non-spray buffer area. Adjacent replications were separated by a 10 ft non-spray buffer area. Total area used for the test was approximately 0.22 acre. Sprays were applied with a John Deere 6500 sprayer at 33 psi with an output of 40 gpa. The boom was equipped with two twin jet 8004 nozzles per row, one directly over and one between each row. Treatment applications were initiated four weeks after planting the field when the plants were in the 4-5 leaf stage. Treatments were made on 11 and 18 Apr. Whole plant samples were taken four times during each field trial. On each evaluation date, 10 plants from each treatment replication were randomly selected using a zigzag pattern. Each plant was cut near the base and placed in separate plastic bags. Pre-treatment samples were taken 1 day before the first chemical application. Post-treatment evaluations were made 5 days and 7 days after the first spray application. Subsequently, the fourth evaluation was made 5 days after the second spray application.
Efficacy of Registered and Experimental Insecticides for Control of Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer on Corn Under Natural Infestation, 1996
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Weinzierl R. A. , Finger J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Corn was planted at the University of Illinois Vegetable Crops Farm, Champaign, IL in rows 30 inches wide on 26 Jun. A RCB design was used, and each treatment was replicated four times, with two untreated checks per replicate. These two controls within each block were averaged for analysis. Each plot was 4 rows wide X 50 ft long. Insecticides were applied to the middle rows of each plot; the two outside rows were left untreated, leaving two untreated rows between each treatment. Treatments were applied with a modified John Deere 6000 high-clearance sprayer with a rear-mounted boom. Three Conejet (TXVS-8) hollow cone nozzles per row; two attached to drops allowing spray to be directed towards the ear zone and one nozzle positioned directly over the row. Sprays were delivered with a compressed-air system calibrated to deliver 29.5 gpa at 40 psi and 2.5 mph. A pre-silk application of all treatments was made on 15 Aug, in response to extremely high ECB moth flights. Silk sprays were applied on 20, 24, and 28 Aug; 1 and 6 Sep, beginning at 12% silk. At maturity, twenty-five ears were harvested per treatment from each replication (100 ears/treatment) on 10 Sep. Ears were husked and evaluated and the number of damaged ears, pest species, larval size and location of ear damage (tip or side) were recorded for each ear.
Efficacy of Registered and Experimental Insecticides for Control of Black Cutworm Larvae, 1996
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Steffey K. L. , Gray M. E. , Finger J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Corn was planted in 30-inch rows in 6 Sep. The experimental design was a RCB with four replications. Each plot was 4 rows wide X 60 ft long. Insecti cides were applied at planting-time, pre-emergence (9 Sep), and as rescue treatments (18 Sep). They were evaluated for the control of black cutworm (BCW) under artificial infestation. On 17 Sep, corn plants were infested with BCW larvae within barrier arenas that were 36 ft2. Fifteen laboratory-reareci BCW third to fourth instars were placed in the center of each arena. Granular insecticides were metered through Noble units mounted on each of the planter units (John Deere, 7000 series, 4-row Max-emerge planter). Granules were applied as a 7-inch band ahead of the firming wheels. Spring tines mounted be hind each planter unit were used to incorporate the insecticide into the soil. Planting-time applications of Lorsban 4E were delivered with 8002 nozzles ai 5.75 gpa in a 7-inch band at 25 psi at a speed of 5 mph. Pre-emergence treatments were applied as a broadcast spray over 2 rows with a CO2 back-pack sprayer system calibrated to deliver 13.1 gpa at 23 psi. Rescue treatments were applied as a broadcast spray over 2 rows using the same calibrations. A CO2 back-pack sprayer system was used for the pre-emergence treatments. The cumulative number of cut plants was determined 3, 7, 10, and 14 days af ter infestation (DAI). The condition of each plant cut by BCW larvae was determined to be either “dead” or “recovered” from previous cutting on 14 DAI
Chinch Bug Management with Foliar Insecticides in Corn, 1996
Authors: Torrey K. D. , Leonard B. R. , Fife J. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The insecticidal efficacy of selected treatments was compared to that of an untreated control in no-till corn at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station in Winnsboro, LA. Corn was planted in a Gigger silt loam (pH = 6.1, 1.1% organic matter) on 12 Mar in plots of 2 rows (40 inch centers) X 40 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Applications were made with a handboom and CO2 charged system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet 80015 flat fan nozzles s2/row) at 30 psi. Insecticides were applied on 8 May. Ten plants/plot were randomly chosen for sampling on 10 and 13 May. Total numbers of chinch bugs were recorded by visually examining the plants. The test area was furrow irrigated throughout the season and rainfall was not a factor influencing insecticide efficacy. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Effect of Selected Insecticides for Thrips Control on Cotton, 1996
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. , Edmisten Keith , Straughn Edward 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Granular insecticides were applied in-furrow at planting from a positive displacement device mounted above the planter on 25 Apr at the Cherry Research Station in Goldsboro. Liquid at-planting treatments were applied from a tractor at 3.5 mph with 20 gpa water through 8003 fiat fan nozzles at 20 psi directed into the seed furrow. The foliar treatments were applied on 14 May (single treatments) and on 14 and 24 May (double treatments) via a CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gpa at 50 psi with a single TX-8 Spray Systems nozzle 18 inches over the row. Plots were 4 rows X 50 ft with four replica forms and arranged in a RCBD. The 14 treatments were evaluated for plant stands and heights, adult and immature thrips levels, fruit loads and yields. The dates and sample size of these assessments are listed in the table. All data were subjected to ANOVA and DMRT. Plots were harvested with a 2-row John Deere mechanical picker from the middle 2 rows on 17 Oct.
Persistence of Mycotrol Wp9504 (Beauver1A Bassiana) and Provado (Imidacloprid) to Control Tarnished Plant Bug in Cotton, 1996
Authors: Brown J.Z. , Steinkraus D. C. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The persistence of Mycotrol and Provado alone and in combination to kill TBP caged on cotton plants was studied. Cotton was planted 20 May on the UA Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Fayetteville, AR. Adult TPB were collected 16 Jul from flowering mustard planted in cotton at the UA Cotton Branch Experiment Station, Marianna, AR and transported to Fayetteville, AR. Nylon tulle (1 mm2 mesh) sleeve cages 3 ft long by 1 ft diameter were placed over the first 6 terminal nodes of flowering cotton plants in plots 30 ft long by 1 row in width. Cages were separated across rows by 3 rows and within rows by 10 ft. A RCB design was used with 4 blocks and 3 cages per treatment within a block with 5 TPB per cage. Treatments were applied 17 Jul at 15 gpa with 0.04% Kinetic solution as carrier using a CO2 powered backpack sprayer at 35 psi with Twin Jet 8002 VS nozzles. The check was 0.04% Kinetic solution. Additional replicates were placed in the field 12, 24, and 48 h after spray. 72 h from first exposure, TBP were collected. Live TPB were placed in individual 30 ml plastic cups with a 2.5 cm piece of fresh green been and monitored for mortality 3, 5, and 7 DAT. Dead TBP were placed in sporulation chambers (9 cm Petri dishes with moist filter paper), sealed with Parafilm and examined after 1 week to assess mycoses. ANOVA and mean separation by LSD (P = 0.05) were performed using the arcsine/square root of the proportion dead from each cage.
Impact of Soil Saturation on the Performance of At-Planting Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Cook D. R. , Burris E. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were replicated four times in a split plot design and were four rows (40 inch spacing) X45 ft. Stoneville LA 887 cotton seed of the same seed lot was planted on 6 May on a Sharkey clay soil which was fertilized with 90 lb N/acre. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8 inch belt cone applicators mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2 charged spray system through 25015 nozzles (1/row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. Irrigation treatments consisted of no irrigation and the equivalent of 4 inches of rainfall 4 days after emergence, simulating excess rainfall and saturated soil conditions. Control of thrips was assessed by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot on 20, 24, 28, and 31 May and 5 and 9 Jun. Plant samples were processed by using whole plant washing procedures to remove insects. Major pest and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Plots were harvested on 7 Oct. The two center rows were mechanically harvested using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields were converted to lbs seed cotton/acre.
Control of Boll Weevil in Cotton with Selected Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Graves J. B. , Adamczyk J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three tests were conducted to evaluate the effi cacy of selected insecticides against boll weevil in cotton planted 18 Apr. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. in all tests. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 28 Jun, 1,3,8, and 12 Jul in all tests. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 42 psi. Treatments were evaluated by examining 50 cotton flowei buds (squares) per plot 2-4 DAT for evidence of boll weevil damage. No additional foliar insecticides were applied to the plots during this test. The plots received 0.51 inch rainfall on 10 Jul. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Efficacy of Pirate 3Sc Tank Mixtures Against Bollworm/Tobacco Budworm (Bw/Tbw) in Cotton, 1996
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Graves J. B. , Holloway J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of Pirate tank mixtures was evaluated against BW/TBW at the Macon Ridge (LA) location of the Northeast Research Station. Cotton seed was planted 21 May in plots consisting of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through Teejet TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 42 psi. Insecticides were applied on 7, 9, 12, 14 and 27 Aug. Treatments were evaluated by examining 50 flower buds (squares) per plot on 9, 12, 14, 19 Aug, and 4 Sep for evidence of BW/TBW damage and squares infested with larvae. The plots were mechanically harvested on 14 Oct to determine seedcotton yields. The test was irrigated by an overhead sprinkler “as needed” during the season, but not within 48 h of treatment applications. Rainfall did not influence the efficacy of these treatments. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Different Insecticide Rates and Application Schedules for Control of Bollworm on Cotton, 1996
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of two insecticide applications, applied either as two standard (low) rates or as one standard followed by one high rate, was evaluated for control ot bollworm on Virginia cotton. ‘DPL 51’ cotton was planted 10 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, Va. using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 31 psi through one TX10 hollow cone nozzle over the top of each of the two center rows of each plot. All applications were applied at egg threshold (based on the presence of 10 or more boll-worm eggs per 100 plant terminals, or 2 or more per 100 fruit, i.e., squares or bolls) and again after 5 days. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Boll damage was determined by sampling 25 randomly selected bolls per plot. Samples were taken at roughly weekly intervals after the occurrence of the egg threshold. Yield was determined by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (80 row ft per plot) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Lint values were calculated as 37% of total plot weights, assuming 63% was seed and trash. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Efficacy of Insecticides Against Field Populations of Beet Armyworm, 1996
Authors: Mascarenhas V. J. , Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. , Fife J. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A field test was conducted at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, LA, to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides against beet armyworms on cotton. Plots were planted on 4 Jun. Test plots were arranged in a RCBD and replicated 4 times with plots of 4 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft. Treatments were applied on 6 Sep with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 11.6 gpa through Teejet X-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 44 psi. Treatment efficacy was determined by taking 2 drop-cloth (3 ft X 3 ft) samples on a different row at each sample date. Samples were taken at 3, 5 and 7 DAT. Data were converted to percent control based on populations of beet armyworm observed in the untreated plots at each observational period. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by means separation according to Fisher’s Protected LSD. No rainfall occurred during the experimental period.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Heliothine Larvae on Cotton (Trial 2), 1996
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Howell Michael S. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test evaluated the effectiveness of larvicides for the control of TBW and BW larvae in cotton in Mississippi. Plots were 4 rows wide and 50 ft long with 4 untreated rows or a 10 ft planted buffer between plots. Plots were sampled at 3 to 4 day interval throughout the growing season for larvae in terminals and squares, square damage, and eggs in terminals. Twenty-five randomly selected terminals and squares in each plot were sampled, and treatment was initiated when population levels reached treatment threshold according to the Mississippi Cotton Insect Control Guide. Other pests occurring throughout the season were treated according to the Mississippi Cotton Insect Control Guide recommendations. All insecticide applications were applied with a high clearance spray tractoi equipped with two TX4 hollow cone nozzles per row traveling 4 mph and delivering 5 gpa. Plots within a replicate were sprayed sequentially to maintain true replicate integrity. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot. Spray applications were made 28 Jun 4, 10, 22. and 29 Jul, and 7 Aug. Rain prevented timely application for some applications and decreased the residual efficacy.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Aphid Control (Trial 2), 1996
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Howell Michael S. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test evaluated the effectiveness of insecticides and insecticide combinations to control cotton aphids. Plots were 4 rows wide and 50 ft long with four untreated rows and a 10 ft planted buffer between plots. Plants in each plot were sampled at 3 to 4 day intervals early in the growing season for cotton aphids by selecting 10 random plants in each plot. One leaf from the terminal and one leaf four nodes below the terminal (mid-canopy level) were sampled on each plant. The total number of aphids on the terminal leaves and mid-canopy leaves was recorded. Treatment was initiated when population levels were rapidly increasing. All insecticide applications were applied with a high clearance spray tractor equipped with two TX4 hollow cone nozzles perrow traveling 4 MPH and delivering 5 gallons of water per acre. Plots within a replicate were sprayed sequentially to maintain true replicate integrity. Yield was estimated by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot. Applications of insecticides for aphid control were made 23 Jun and 10 Jul.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides on Plant Bugs and Predatory Arthropods on Cotton, 1996
Authors: Studebaker Glenn 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacx of selected insecticides against TPB, CPB and predatory arthropods in Arkansas was evaluated. Test plots consisted of eight, 38-inch rows 150 ft long Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 6 Aug with a John Deere Hi-cycle calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through two TX-8 hollow-cone nozzles per row at 43 psi. Treatments were evaluated 3 and 7 DAT with a 15" diameter sweep net, counting the numbei of TPB, CPB and predatory arthropods per 10 sweeps in each plot.
Thrips and Bollworm Control in Bt Cotton 1996
Authors: Teague T. G. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted 25 May 1996 on the Judd Hill Plantation near Truman, AR in Mhoon sandy loam soil. Plots were 8 rows (38 inch centers) wide and 40 ft long separated by 2 unplanted rows and 10 ft alleys. Irrigation was supplied by flooding furrows. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Temik was applied at planting using Gandy boxes. The sidedress application was made on 3 Jul. Baythroid was applied using a 4-row CO2 charged backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 13 gpa at 20 psi with 1 TJ-50 8002vs nozzle per row. Thrips were monitored by using whole plant washes of a detergent mixture with an alcohol rinse. Plants were monitored for pest insects and damage through the season and were mapped at harvest.
Bollworm and Tarnished Plant Bug Control 1996
Authors: Teague T. G. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted 9 May on the UA Cotton Branch Experiment Station in Marianna, AR in 8 row (38 inch centers) wide plots 50 ft long separated by 2 row buffer zones planted in mustard. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 3 replications. Insecticides were applied 26 Jul using a 8-row CO2 charged hi-boy sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.5 gpa at 30 psi with TJ-60 8002 nozzles on 19 inch spacing. Treatments were evaluated for bollworm control 4 days after treatment by examining 25 terminals and 25 bolls in the center 4 rows of each plot. Numbers of TPB were estimated using 25 sweeps of an 18" net and 6 drop cloth samples of 9 ft row (1.5 ft drops). Predaceous insects were counted in the drop cloth samples as well.
Control of Insects in Spring Peas, 1996
Authors: Bragg D. E. , Burns J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six insecticide treatments were tested on plots established 2 May near Steptoe, WA on the Suess Farm. The plots were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates 4 X 10 ft each. Gaucho 480 was applied as seed treatment at 1.0 and 0.5 oz (AI)/cwt. Foliar treatments were applied at the appearance of PA and rated 4, 8, 16, 23, and 29 DAT by counting aphids per 2 ft2 sample per replicate. PW damage was rated at harvest by counting weevil-damaged peas per 500 pea sample. Yield data were collected by threshing the pea vines in a stationary thresher and calculating grams of peas per 25 ft2-sample per replicate.
Apple, Secondary Pest Control Test, 1996
Authors: Reissig H. , Dunham D. H. , Smith C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Dilute sprays were applied with a hand sprayer (450 psi) at pink (13 May), petal fall (31 May), and as cover sprays on 12 Jun, 24 Jun, 9 Jul, 24 Jul, 8 Aug, and 20 Aug. A mixture of Endosulfan 50 WSB (8.0 oz AI/100 gal), Imidan 70 WP (8.4 oz AI/100 gal) and Savey 50 WP 0.5 oz AI/100 gal) was applied at pink in the Imidan treatment. Imidan alone (11.2 oz AI/100 gal) was applied at petal fall, 1C, 2C, 5C, and 6C. A mixture of Imidan 70 WP (11.2 oz AI/100 gal), Confirm 2E (1.5 oz AI/100 gal) and Provado 1.6 F (0.3 oz AI/100 gal) was applied in this program in the 3rd and 4thC sprays. All other treatments were applied at petal fall, and in lst-6thC sprays. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times, 2 being 6-tree plots and one 8-tree plot.