bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exclusion of Stellar Companions to Exoplanet Host Stars
Authors: Wittrock Justin M. , Kane Stephen R. , Horch Elliott P. , Howell Steve B. , Ciardi David R. , Everett Mark E. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Given the frequency of stellar multiplicity in the solar neighborhood, it is important to study the impacts this can have on exoplanet properties and orbital dynamics. There have been numerous imaging survey projects established to detect possible low-mass stellar companions to exoplanet host stars. Here, we provide the results from a systematic speckle imaging survey of known exoplanet host stars. In total, 71 stars were observed at 692 and 880 nm bands using the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument at the Gemini-north Observatory. Our results show that all but two of the stars included in this sample have no evidence of stellar companions with luminosities down to the detection and projected separation limits of our instrumentation. The mass–luminosity relationship is used to estimate the maximum mass a stellar companion can have without being detected. These results are used to discuss the potential for further radial velocity follow-up and interpretation of companion signals.
The Open Flux Problem
Authors: Linker J. A. , Caplan R. M. , Downs C. , Riley P. , Mikic Z. , Lionello R. , Henney C. J. , Arge C. N. , Liu Y. , Derosa M. L. , Yeates A. , Owens M. J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The heliospheric magnetic field is of pivotal importance in solar and space physics. The field is rooted in the Sun’s photosphere, where it has been observed for many years. Global maps of the solar magnetic field based on full-disk magnetograms are commonly used as boundary conditions for coronal and solar wind models. Two primary observational constraints on the models are (1) the open field regions in the model should approximately correspond to coronal holes (CHs) observed in emission and (2) the magnitude of the open magnetic flux in the model should match that inferred from in situ spacecraft measurements. In this study, we calculate both magnetohydrodynamic and potential field source surface solutions using 14 different magnetic maps produced from five different types of observatory magnetograms, for the time period surrounding 2010 July. We have found that for all of the model/map combinations, models that have CH areas close to observations underestimate the interplanetary magnetic flux, or, conversely, for models to match the interplanetary flux, the modeled open field regions are larger than CHs observed in EUV emission. In an alternative approach, we estimate the open magnetic flux entirely from solar observations by combining automatically detected CHs for Carrington rotation 2098 with observatory synoptic magnetic maps. This approach also underestimates the interplanetary magnetic flux. Our results imply that either typical observatory maps underestimate the Sun’s magnetic flux, or a significant portion of the open magnetic flux is not rooted in regions that are obviously dark in EUV and X-ray emission.
The RRc Stars: Chemical Abundances and Envelope Kinematics
Authors: Sneden Christopher , Preston George W. , Chadid Merieme , Adamów Monika 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We analyzed series of spectra obtained for 12 stable RRc stars observed with the echelle spectrograph of the du Pont telescope at Las Campanas Observatory and we analyzed the spectra of RRc Blazhko stars discussed by Govea et al. We derived model atmosphere parameters, [Fe/H] metallicities, and [X/Fe] abundance ratios for 12 species of 9 elements. We co-added all spectra obtained during the pulsation cycles to increase signal to noise and demonstrate that these spectra give results superior to those obtained by co-addition in small phase intervals. The RRc abundances are in good agreement with those derived for the RRab stars of Chadid et al. We used radial velocity (RV) measurements of metal lines and Hα to construct variations of velocity with phase, and center-of-mass velocities. We used these to construct RV templates for use in low- to medium-resolution RV surveys of RRc stars. Additionally, we calculated primary accelerations, radius variations, and metal and Hα velocity amplitudes, which we display as regressions against primary acceleration. We employ these results to compare the atmosphere structures of metal-poor RRc stars with their RRab counterparts. Finally, we use the RV data for our Blazhko stars and the Blazhko periods of Szczygieł & Fabrycky to falsify the Blazhko oblique rotator hypothesis.
Planetary Ices and the Linear Mixing Approximation
Authors: Bethkenhagen M. , Meyer E. R. , Hamel S. , Nettelmann N. , French M. , Scheibe L. , Ticknor C. , Collins L. A. , Kress J. D. , Fortney J. J. , Redmer R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The validity of the widely used linear mixing approximation (LMA) for the equations of state (EOSs) of planetary ices is investigated at pressure–temperature conditions typical for the interiors of Uranus and Neptune. The basis of this study is ab initio data ranging up to 1000 GPa and 20,000 K, calculated via density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, we determine a new EOS for methane and EOS data for the 1:1 binary mixtures of methane, ammonia, and water, as well as their 2:1:4 ternary mixture. Additionally, the self-diffusion coefficients in the ternary mixture are calculated along three different Uranus interior profiles and compared to the values of the pure compounds. We find that deviations of the LMA from the results of the real mixture are generally small; for the thermal EOSs they amount to 4% or less. The diffusion coefficients in the mixture agree with those of the pure compounds within 20% or better. Finally, a new adiabatic model of Uranus with an inner layer of almost pure ices is developed. The model is consistent with the gravity field data and results in a rather cold interior (

K).
An Empirical Fitting Method for Type Ia Supernova Light Curves. II. Estimating the First-light Time and Rise Time
Authors: Zheng WeiKang , Kelly Patrick L. , Filippenko Alexei V. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We investigate a new empirical fitting method for the optical light curves of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that is able to estimate the first-light time of SNe Ia, even when they are not discovered extremely early. With an improved ability to estimate the time of first light for SNe Ia, we compute the rise times for a sample of 56 well-observed SNe Ia. We find rise times ranging from 10.5 to 20.5 days, with a mean of 16.0 days, and confirm that the rise time is generally correlated with the decline rate

, but with large scatter. The rise time could be an additional parameter to help classify SN Ia subtypes.
Variation of the Solar Microwave Spectrum in the Last Half Century
Authors: Shimojo Masumi , Iwai Kazumasa , Asai Ayumi , Nozawa Satoshi , Minamidani Tetsuhiro , Saito Masao 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The total solar fluxes at 1, 2, 3.75, and 9.4 GHz were observed continuously from 1957 to 1994 at Toyokawa, Japan, and from 1994 until now at Nobeyama, Japan, with the current Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters. We examined the multi-frequency and long-term data sets, and found that not only the microwave solar flux but also its monthly standard deviation indicate the long-term variation of solar activity. Furthermore, we found that the microwave spectra at the solar minima of Cycles 20–24 agree with each other. These results show that the average atmospheric structure above the upper chromosphere in the quiet-Sun has not varied for half a century, and suggest that the energy input for atmospheric heating from the sub-photosphere to the corona have not changed in the quiet-Sun despite significantly differing strengths of magnetic activity in the last five solar cycles.
Chromospheric Activity of HAT-P-11: An Unusually Active Planet-hosting K Star
Authors: Morris Brett M. , Hawley Suzanne L. , Hebb Leslie , Sakari Charli , Davenport James. R. A. , Isaacson Howard , Howard Andrew W. , Montet Benjamin T. , Agol Eric 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Kepler photometry of the hot Neptune host star HAT-P-11 suggests that its spot latitude distribution is comparable to the Sun’s near solar maximum. We search for evidence of an activity cycle in the Ca ii H & K chromospheric emission S-index with archival Keck/HIRES spectra and observations from the echelle spectrograph on the Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5 m Telescope at Apache Point Observatory. The chromospheric emission of HAT-P-11 is consistent with an

year activity cycle, which plateaued near maximum during the Kepler mission. In the cycle that we observed, the star seemed to spend more time near active maximum than minimum. We compare the

normalized chromospheric emission index of HAT-P-11 with other stars. HAT-P-11 has unusually strong chromospheric emission compared to planet-hosting stars of similar effective temperature and rotation period, perhaps due to tides raised by its planet.
The Evolution of the Surface of Symmetry of the Interplanetary Dust from 24° to 5° Elongation
Authors: Stenborg Guillermo , Howard Russell A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The white-light STEREO/SECCHI images include light scattered by dust in orbit about the Sun (the F-corona). We analyzed the evolution of the symmetry axis of the F-corona between 2007 and 2012 in the elongation range covered by the STEREO-A/HI-1 instrument (4°–24° elongation) to characterize the plane of symmetry of the zodiacal dust cloud. The symmetry axes both above and below the ecliptic plane were derived separately without assuming any particular functional form. No noticeable time dependence was observed. However, we did find an evolution with elongation of both the inclination i and the ascending node

of the inferred plane of symmetry. Both parameters appeared fairly constant in the outer half of the elongation range studied (

values close to those of Venus’s orbit). Then, they start to evolve, becoming

(i.e., a trend toward the solar equatorial plane) and

at about 5° elongation. This variation indicates that the zodiacal dust cloud exhibits a warped plane of symmetry, with an estimated center of symmetry at about

from the Sun’s center on the side of the heliosphere containing Jupiter. We found a marginal difference between the inclination of the axes below and above the ecliptic. This is suggestive of an increased dust density distribution at certain fixed longitudes, which could be explained by the dust deposition of Kreutz Sun-grazing comets. We conjecture that the circumsolar dust is mainly affected by gravitational forces, other forces becoming dominant only where the more rapid changes occur.
Classes et nations : quelle articulation à l’échelle européenne ?
Authors: Lebaron Frédéric , Blavier Pierre 
Published: October 2017

Cet article part du constat de la faiblesse du travail de « construction des classes » à l’échelle européenne, qui contraste avec l’importance persistante des inégalités entre groupes sociaux. Après avoir présenté certains des enjeux théoriques d’une analyse de classes à l’échelle européenne, et en s’appuyant sur les données des grandes enquêtes européennes ECHP et EU-SILC, on étudie le poids respectif des différences de classes et de nations en termes de difficultés économiques et de conditions de vie, et comment ce poids a évolué. L’analyse permet de conclure à une importance notable des inégalités de classes, à leur maintien voire leur accentuation dans le temps, processus variables selon les pays. L’analyse conduit aussi à souligner leur intensité plus faible que celle des différences entre pays, avec lesquelles elles interagissent fortement. Ceci invite à reposer la question des classes à l’échelle européenne en les articulant systématiquement avec les inégalités entre pays.
Les politiques d’asile en Europe,
Authors: Hamidi Camille , Fischer Nicolas 
Published: October 2017

Alors que la « crise des réfugiés » focalise l’attention, la prise en charge de ces derniers par les pays de l’Union européenne met en évidence non seulement des contradictions entre les engagements internationaux en matière d’asile et un souci de maîtriser les flux concernés, mais aussi une tendance récente à externaliser ce contrôle vers les pays voisins qui font de ce qui devrait constituer un droit, l’asile, l’objet d’une véritable politique en pleine reconfiguration.
Reactive Oxygen Species Regulate the Inflammatory Function of NKT Cells through Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger
Authors: Kim Yeung-Hyen , Kumar Ajay , Chang Cheong-Hee , Pyaram Kalyani 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic metabolism and contribute to both physiological and pathological conditions as second messengers. ROS are essential for activation of T cells, but how ROS influence NKT cells is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of ROS in NKT cell function. We found that NKT cells, but not CD4 or CD8 T cells, have dramatically high ROS in the spleen and liver of mice but not in the thymus or adipose tissues. Accordingly, ROS-high NKT cells exhibited increased susceptibility and apoptotic cell death with oxidative stress. High ROS in the peripheral NKT cells were primarily produced by NADPH oxidases and not mitochondria. We observed that sorted ROS-high NKT cells were enriched in NKT1 and NKT17 cells, whereas NKT2 cells were dominant in ROS-low cells. Furthermore, treatment of NKT cells with antioxidants led to reduced frequencies of IFN-γ– and IL-17–expressing cells, indicating that ROS play a role in regulating the inflammatory function of NKT cells. The transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) seemed to control the ROS levels. NKT cells from adipose tissues that do not express PLZF and those from PLZF haplodeficient mice have low ROS. Conversely, ROS were highly elevated in CD4 T cells from mice ectopically expressing PLZF. Thus, our findings demonstrate that PLZF controls ROS levels, which in turn governs the inflammatory function of NKT cells.
A study on the effect of prolonged mobile phone use on pure tone audiometry thresholds of medical students of Sikkim
Authors: Das S , Chakraborty S , Mahanta B 
Published: October 2017

Introduction:
Mobile phones have become indispensable for daily activities, and people are exposed to them from an early age. There is, however, concern about the harmful effect of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the mobile phones.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to study the effect of mobile phone on average pure tone audiometry (PTA) threshold of the person and to study the changes in the pure tone threshold at high frequencies such as 2 kHz, 4 kHz, and 8 kHz among the students with prolonged exposure to mobile phones.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical students who have been using mobile phones for the past 5 years. The effect of mobile phones on the PTA threshold in the exposed ear and the nonexposed ear was assessed.

Results:
The study shows that there is a significant difference in average air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) hearing threshold among the exposed and the nonexposed ears (P < 0.05). A significant rise of both AC and BC threshold at individual frequencies between the exposed and the nonexposed ear is also noted in this study.

Conclusion:
The study conducted shows changes in the hearing threshold of the exposed ear when compared with the nonexposed ear. There are however lot of unanswered questions which provide an interesting avenue for further research. Till concrete evidence is available the only feasible way to control its exposure is to limit the duration of usage of mobile phones.
The impact of topical Saint John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) treatment on tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in plaque-type psoriasis
Authors: Mansouri P , Mirafzal S , Najafizadeh P , Safaei-Naraghi Z , Salehi-Surmaghi MH , Hashemian F 
Published: October 2017

Context:
Psoriasis is an inflammatory disorder, formed by inappropriate interaction of T lymphocytes with keratinocytes, and consequent eruption of immune responses. High concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) are found in the skin lesions and plasma of patients with psoriasis. Hypericum perforatum, a phytomedicine that has both anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties, has been recently reported to be clinically helpful for improvement of psoriatic lesions.

Aims:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of topical H. perforatum on TNFα levels in psoriatic lesions for possible identification of the mechanism by which Hypericum reduces inflammation and modulates the disease in patients with plaque-type psoriasis.

Settings and Design:
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study with intraindividual comparison was conducted on twenty patients with mild to moderate plaque-type psoriasis.

Subjects and Methods:
TNFα levels in tissue samples were measured with immunohistochemistry method. Moreover, Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores and histological and clinical changes were investigated after topical application of Hypericum extract.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate the possible differences between the drug and placebo group.

Results:
TNFα concentrations in dermis (p= 0.025), endothelial cells (p=0.033), and dendrite cells (p=0.014) were significantly reduced in lesions treated with drug and the reduction observed in epidermis was superior to placebo (p=0.046). Results of PASI scores showed that erythema, scaling, and thickness were significantly lower where the ointment had been applied compared to application of placebo (p=0.014, p=0.004, p=0.003, respectively). Moreover, significant improvement in clinical and histological features of treated lesions in comparison with untreated lesions was observed (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

H. perforatum ointment can help decrease PASI scores and TNFα levels in psoriatic tissue. Its efficacy is probably related to its effect on lowering cytokines including TNFα.
Cytomorphological spectrum of epididymal nodules: An institution's experience
Authors: Bharti Jyotsna Naresh , Dey Biswajit , Bhattacharya Jenna , Jain Shyama 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Epididymal lesions are uncommon in clinical practice. Few case series has been described in the literature documenting the role of cytology in the evaluation of epididymal nodules. This study was undertaken to analyze the cytomorphology of epididymal nodules and to evaluate role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in early definitive diagnosis of epididymal nodules.

Materials and Methods:
A total of seventy cases of epididymal nodules were aspirated over a period of 6 years in the Department of Pathology. These cases were taken from the cytology record as a part of this study. The aspiration was performed using 22/23-gauge needle. Smears were stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa and Papanicolaou stains. Special stains and immunocytochemistry were performed, wherever required.

Results:
The cytological features were adequate to establish the diagnosis in sixty cases. The lesions diagnosed were tuberculosis 16 (22.85%), spermatoceles 12 (17.14%), benign cystic lesion 8 (11.42%), encysted hydrocele 8 (11.42%), acute suppurative lesion 6 (8.57%), filariasis 4 (5.71%), chronic epididymitis 3 (4.28%), nodular fasciitis 1 (1.42%), epidermal inclusion cyst 1 (1.42%), and cystic adenomatoid tumor 1 (1.42%). Ten cases were inadequate to establish the diagnosis. FNAB was useful in diagnosis of 86% of cases. Infectious lesions of the epididymis were more common than neoplastic lesions. Patients with infection responded well to medical treatment.

Conclusions:
FNAB is an easily available technique for palpable lesions of epididymis, and it helps in making an early, near definitive diagnosis of epididymal lesions. It also helps to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions and helps in timely management.
Endobronchial Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Feuillet S. , Meignin V. , Brière J. , Brice P. , Rocha V. , Sociέ G. , Tazi A. , Bergeron A. 
Published: October 2017

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders (PTLD) are increasingly recognized as a fatal complication of hematological stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Thoracic involvement, that may be isolated or part of a disseminated disease, usually encompasses pulmonary nodules or masses and mediastinal lymph node enlargement. The current case study presents 2 patients who underwent HSCT, one allogenic and the other autologous, who developed an exceptional endobronchial EBV related PTLD. The first patient had a fleshy white endobronchial mass resulting in a right upper lobe atelectasis and the second had an extensive necrotising mucosa from trachea to both basal bronchi without any significant change of lung parenchyma on the CT scan. In both cases, the diagnosis was made by bronchial biopsies. Physicians should be aware of an endobronchial pattern of EBV associated PTLD after HSCT to permit quick diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.
Severe, Protracted Spasm of Urinary Bladder and Autonomic Dysreflexia Caused by Changing the Suprapubic Catheter in a Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Patient: Treatment by a Bolus Dose and Increased Total Daily Dose of Intrathecal Baclofen
Authors: Vaidyanathan Subramanian , Oo Tun , Soni Bakul M. , Hughes Peter L. , Singh Gurpreet 
Published: October 2017

Background Intrathecal administration of baclofen by implanted pump reduces rigidity and muscle spasms. Its use specifically to control bladder spasms has not been reported. Case Report A tetraplegic patient developed severe, protracted, bladder spasms, abdominal muscles spasms, and high blood pressure after change of suprapubic catheter; nifedipine, diazepam, and paracetamol did not control spasms; bolus dose of baclofen intrathecally produced prompt relief via baclofen pump. Conclusion Severe, protracted bladder spasms, abdominal muscles spasms, and autonomic dysreflexia, induced by change of suprapubic catheter in a spinal cord injury patient, were treated successfully by a bolus dose and increased total daily dose of intrathecal baclofen.
Lujan–Fryns Syndrome (LFS): A Unique Combination of Hypernasality, Marfanoid Body Habitus, and Neuropsychiatric Issues, Presenting as Acute-Onset Dysphagia
Authors: Khan Abidullah , Humayun Mohammad , Haider Iqbal , Ayub Maimoona 
Published: October 2017

Background Lujan–Fryns syndrome (LFS) is an extremely rare, X-linked disorder, for which the full clinical spectrum is still unknown. Usually, it presents with neuropsychiatric problems such as learning disabilities and behavioral issues in a typical combination with marfanoid features. Often, there is a positive family history for the disorder. However, sporadic cases have also been reported in males. More interestingly, there is no case of LFS presenting with acute-onset dysphagia in the English language medical literature. Case Presentation A 17-year-old Pakistani mentally normal school boy was admitted for the workup of acute-onset dysphagia, hypernasal speech, and nasal regurgitation of liquids. He had no neuropsychiatric issues, and his family history was unremarkable. An obvious nasal twang, facial dysmorphism, and marfanoid body habitus were found on examination. The genetic tests revealed a pathogenic missense mutation in the MED12 gene on his X-chromosome. Conclusion LFS can present as acute-onset dysphagia and in the absence of any neuropsychiatric issues or positive family history of the syndrome.