bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paired comparison of therapeutic plasma exchange using the Fenwal Amicus versus TerumoBCTSpectra Optia
Authors: Burgstaler Edwin A. , Bryant Sandra C. , Winters Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTerumo BCT Spectra Optia (O) and Fenwal Amicus (A) can perform therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). We compared these systems in a prospective, randomized, crossover study of 81 paired procedures. Primary objective was to determine if there was a difference in platelet loss between the instruments. Secondary objectives were to determine differences in procedure time (PT), plasma removal efficiency (PRE 1), plasma removal rate (PRR), and fluid balance (FB).MethodsFifty‐seven adults undergoing 162 procedures were included. Diagnoses included neurologic, nephrologic, and hematologic diseases. Replacement fluids included 5% normal serum albumin and/or fresh frozen plasma. The first instrument (randomized) established the inlet flow rate for the second with a maximum inlet rate of 120 ml/min. Spun HCT was used to program the procedure. One plasma volume was exchanged, for both instruments. Multivariable general estimating equations were used to assess the relationship between the outcome variables with machine after adjusting for covariates, with P values <.05 significant.ResultsMedian total blood volume (4,775 mL‐A, 4,775 mL‐O) and preprocedure spun HCT (33%‐A, 34%‐O) were not statistically different. The plasma removed (3196 mL‐A, 3120 mL‐O), PLT in waste plasma (0.62 × 1011‐A, 0.33 × 1011‐O), PLT decline (8.5%‐A, 6.5%‐O), and PRR (48.1 mL/min‐A, 49.2 mL/min‐O) were not statistically different. There were statistically significant, but clinically irrelevant, differences in PLT CE1 (6.2%‐A, 3.6%‐O), PRE 1 (85.3%‐A, 83.9%‐O), FB (+2 mL‐A,+15 mL‐O), and PT (71 min‐A, 71 min‐O).ConclusionsStatistical differences were seen but none were of a magnitude to be clinically relevant, indicating comparable TPE performance.
Enzymatic ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of polylactones: roles of non‐aqueous solvents
Authors: Zhao Hua 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAliphatic polyesters such as polylactides (PLAs) and other polylactones are thermoplastic, biodegradable and biocompatible polymers with the potential to replace petro‐chemical‐based synthetic polymers. A benign route for synthesizing these polyesters is through the enzyme‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) reaction; this type of enzymatic process is very sensitive to reaction conditions such as solvents, water content and temperature. This review systematically evaluates the crucial roles of different solvents (such as solvent‐free/in bulk, organic solvents, supercritical fluids, ionic liquids, and aqueous biphasic systems) on the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. In general, many studies suggest that hydrophobic organic solvents with minimum water contents lead to efficient enzymatic polymerization and subsequently high molecular weights of polyesters; the selection of solvents is also limited by the reaction temperature, e.g. the ROP of lactide is often conducted at above 100 °C, therefore, the solvent typically needs to have its boiling point above this temperature. The use of supercritical fluids could be limited by its scaling‐up potential, while ionic liquids have exhibited many advantages including their low‐volatility, high thermal stability, controllable enzyme‐compatibility, and a wide range of choices. However, the fundamental and mechanistic understanding of the specific roles of ionic liquids in enzymatic ROP reactions is still lacking. Furthermore, the lipase specificity towards l‐ and d‐lactide is also surveyed, followed by the discussion of engineered lipases with improved enantioselectivity and thermal stability. In addition, the preparation of polyester‐derived materials such as polyester‐grafted cellulose by the enzymatic ROP method is briefly reviewed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Giant pseudoaneurysm of the external carotid artery causing stroke: A case report
Authors: Budinčević Hrvoje , Milošević Marina , Pavlović Tomislav 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report a patient in whom mechanical compression of the internal carotid artery by a giant external carotid artery pseudoaneurysm caused a stroke. This was a case of vascular Eagle syndrome due to the impingement of an elongated styloid process on the external carotid artery with subsequent dissection and formation of a pseudoaneurysm. Carotid ultrasonographic examination allowed distinguishing the pseudoaneurysm from other vascular and solid masses of the neck.
Tokyo Guidelines 2018: initial management of acute biliary infection and flowchart for acute cholangitis
Authors: Miura Fumihiko , Okamoto Kohji , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Asbun Horacio J. , Pitt Henry A. , Gomi Harumi , Solomkin Joseph S. , Schlossberg David , Han Ho‐Seong , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Hwang Tsann‐Long , Chen Miin‐Fu , Huang Wayne Shih‐Wei , Kiriyama Seiki , Itoi Takao , Garden O. James , Liau Kui‐Hin , Horiguchi Akihiko , Liu Keng‐Hao , Su Cheng‐Hsi , Gouma Dirk J. , Belli Giulio , Dervenis Christos , Jagannath Palepu , Chan Angus C. W. , Lau Wan Yee , Endo Itaru , Suzuki Kenji , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , de Santibañes Eduardo , Giménez Mariano Eduardo , Jonas Eduard , Singh Harjit , Honda Goro , Asai Koji , Mori Yasuhisa , Wada Keita , Higuchi Ryota , Watanabe Manabu , Rikiyama Toshiki , Sata Naohiro , Kano Nobuyasu , Umezawa Akiko , Mukai Shuntaro , Tokumura Hiromi , Hata Jiro , Kozaka Kazuto , Iwashita Yukio , Hibi Taizo , Yokoe Masamichi , Kimura Taizo , Kitano Seigo , Inomata Masafumi , Hirata Koichi , Sumiyama Yoshinobu , Inui Kazuo , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe initial management of patients with suspected acute biliary infection starts with the measurement of vital signs to assess whether or not the situation is urgent. If the case is judged to be urgent, initial medical treatment should be started immediately including respiratory/circulatory management if required, without waiting for a definitive diagnosis. The patient's medical history is then taken; an abdominal examination is performed; blood tests, urinalysis, and diagnostic imaging are carried out; and a diagnosis is made using the diagnostic criteria for cholangitis/cholecystitis. Once the diagnosis has been confirmed, initial medical treatment should be started immediately, severity should be assessed according to the severity grading criteria for acute cholangitis/cholecystitis, and the patient's general status should be evaluated. For mild acute cholangitis, in most cases initial treatment including antibiotics is sufficient, and most patients do not require biliary drainage. However, biliary drainage should be considered if a patient does not respond to initial treatment. For moderate acute cholangitis, early endoscopic or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage is indicated. If the underlying etiology requires treatment, this should be provided after the patient's general condition has improved; endoscopic sphincterotomy and subsequent choledocholithotomy may be performed together with biliary drainage. For severe acute cholangitis, appropriate respiratory/circulatory management is required. Biliary drainage should be performed as soon as possible after the patient's general condition has been improved by initial treatment and respiratory/circulatory management. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47. Related clinical questions and references are also included.
Effects of rumen‐protected pantothenate supplementation on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestion and blood metabolites in dairy cows
Authors: Wang Cong , Liu Qiang , Li He Qiong , Wu Xiao Xu , Guo Gang , Huo Wen Jie , Pei Cai Xia , Zhang Yan Li , Zhang Shuan Lin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDLactation performance of dairy cow has considerably increased with animal breeding and management improvement in recent years. Ruminal net synthesised pantothenic acid is insufficient to meet the requirement of high producing dairy cows. The objective was to investigate the effects of rumen‐protected pantothenate (RPP) on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestion and blood metabolites in dairy cows.RESULTSDry matter (DM) intake tended to increase, whereas milk yields, milk fat percentage and yield, body condition score (BCS) changes and net energy output except for maintenance increased linearly with increasing RPP supplementation. Ruminal pH and ammonia N concentration tended to decrease, total VFA tended to increase, while acetate‐to‐propionate ratio increased linearly with increasing RPP supplementation. Digestibilities of DM, organic matter and crude protein increased linearly, but neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre digestibility tended to increase. Blood glucose, total protein, non‐esterified fatty acids, pantothenic acid, pantothenate kinase, succinyl CoA, acyl carrier protein and acetyl CoA also increased linearly with increasing RPP supplementation.CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that supplementary RPP improved lactation performance, nutrient digestion and blood parameters in a dose‐dependent manner, and the optimal dose was 12 g RPP per cow per day in the current study. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Migration modelling of phthalate from non‐alcoholic beer bottles by adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system
Authors: Rafiei Nazari Roshanak , Noorian Simin , Arabameri Majid 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere are limitations to the basic knowledge regarding various ways by which packaging components migrate into food as well as ways by which various conditions, elements and molecules related to this phenomenon are analysed. This research aimed to model phthalate migration from polyethylene terephthalate bottles containing non‐alcoholic beer by performing adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) analysis.RESULTSThe data showed that storage temperature, contact surface and storage period correlates with the rate of migration. Migration of phthalate increases with storage duration gradually and reduces under different temperatures and contact surface. Moreover, increased temperature and storage duration resulted in an increase in migration level ranging from 0.6 μg L−1 to 2.9 μg L−1. In summary, the present study used an ANFIS architecture which consists of three inputs (temperature, surface and storage period), Gauss‐bell membership functions for each input variable and one output layer, which represent the migration level. The validation and training models showed an excellent match between the experimental and predicted values of ANFIS.CONCLUSIONAnalysis of the model showed that ANFIS is a powerful tool for predicting phthalate migration from bottles containing non‐alcoholic beer. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigating the uptake and acquisition of potentially toxic elements in plants and health risks associated with the addition of fresh biowaste amendments to industrially contaminated soil
Authors: Yousaf Balal , Liu Guijian , Abbas Qumber , Wang Ruwei , Imtiaz Muhammad , Zia‐ur‐Rehman Muhammad 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSoil contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs), due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, is a serious environmental concern that has been threatening both the sustainability of various agroecosystems and human health. Efforts to investigate the bioavailability, transfer, and accumulation of PTEs in the soil–plant system and their possible health consequences have almost exclusively focused in the past studies. However, there is limited evidence for increased human exposure to PTEs through dietary intake of food crop grown on contaminated soil influenced by fresh biowaste amendments (FBAs). Here, we show that FBAs addition to soil markedly (p ≤ .01) intensified human exposure to PTEs through impacts on solubility, uptake, and bioaccumulation compared with the control. In general, the risk assessment performed indicated that the hazard index values for FBAs treatments were notably higher than that of control; however, these were shown to be less than the legal limit (<1). In addition, the lifetime risks of developing carcinogenicity from exposure to PTEs were far above the maximum regulatory limits (1.00E‐06), indicating that remarkable (p ≤ .01) amount of PTEs was transferred to food with the addition of FBAs. Conclusively, these results suggest that the use of FBAs to contaminated soil aggravates health risks of PTEs through wheat consumption. Further studies, which incorporate the in vitro gastrointestinal bioaccessibility, should be conducted to heighten our understanding about PTEs exposure and the risks associated with FBAs addition to contaminated soil.
Grazing enhances soil nutrient effects: Trade‐offs between aboveground and belowground biomass in alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Jian , Ma Baibing , Lu Xuyang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of grazing patterns on grassland production is of fundamental importance for grassland conservation and management. The objective of this study is to obtain an understanding of the trade‐offs between aboveground biomass and belowground biomass, which are influenced by environmental factors in free grazing (FG) and grazing exclusion (GE) alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. We explored the relationships between the trade‐off and environmental factors using correlation analysis, a generalized additive model and a structural equation model, and then found that the key factors that determine trade‐off showed differences in FG and GE grasslands and that the final structural equation modeling result explained that 96% (path coefficient = 0.96) and 65% (path coefficient = 0.65) of the variations in the trade‐off were due to FG or GE classifications, respectively. The results demonstrated that soil organic carbon, soil carbon/soil nitrogen, and soil available nitrogen affect the trade‐off between aboveground and belowground biomass in FG grasslands more obviously than in GE grasslands. However, the effects of growing season temperature on the trade‐off were insignificant, −0.218 and −0.181 in FG and GE grasslands, respectively. FG increased the soil bulk density, which resulted in an alteration in the soil pore size distribution and a greater resistance to root penetration. In addition, FG affected the level of soil nutrition, which will affect the nitrogen mineralization of decomposition and absorption, as well as the root biomass. Consequently, this study can provide guidance to improve the quality of grassland.
Model‐based exploration of hydrological connectivity and solute transport in a forested hillslope
Authors: Laine‐Kaulio Hanne , Koivusalo Harri 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPreferential flowpaths control hydrological connectivity in forested hillslopes. However, current understanding on the nature, extent, and impacts of hydrological connectivity within hillslopes is still limited. Distributed 2‐pore domain models of subsurface water flow and solute transport in and between the preferential flowpaths and the soil matrix provide applicable means to investigate the connectivity. We identified possible (dis)connections of preferential flowpaths in a forested hillslope section from dye tracer data and incorporated them in a 3D 2‐pore domain model; the model was run and evaluated against ion tracer data. The objectives were to explore hydrological connectivity within the hillslope and quantify its impacts on solute transport. The main control for capturing the internal concentration dynamics of the ion‐tracer plume with the model was an explicit description of local disconnections of preferential flowpaths in the form of local reductions in their hydraulic conductivity. Continuous preferential flowpaths were formed by rooting activities, erosion caused by subsurface flow, freezing–thawing cycles, and soil fauna, but they were locally disconnected by, for example, cemented soil material. As a result, the dominant lateral flowpath was tortuous, and tracer transport within this pathway was highly preferential: Compared to earlier models without flowpath disconnections, increase in the average lateral tracer load was 1.7‐fold and in the maximum load 7.9‐fold. The results indicate that the volume and hydraulic conductivity of the actual, connected preferential flowpaths control, in combination with linkages between preferential flowpaths and soil matrix, pollutant transport in forested hillslopes.
Characterization of the diffusion coefficient of blood
Authors: Funck Carsten , Laun Frederik Bernd , Wetscherek Andreas 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo characterize the diffusion coefficient of human blood for accurate results in intravoxel incoherent motion imaging.MethodsDiffusion‐weighted MRI of blood samples from 10 healthy volunteers was acquired with a single‐shot echo‐planar‐imaging sequence at body temperature. Effects of gradient profile (monopolar or flow‐compensated), diffusion time (40–100 ms), and echo time (60–200 ms) were investigated.ResultsAlthough measured apparent diffusion coefficients of blood were larger for flow‐compensated than for monopolar gradients, no dependence of the apparent diffusion coefficient on the diffusion time was found. Large differences between individual samples were observed, with results ranging from 1.26 to 1.66 µm2/ms for flow‐compensated and 0.94 to 1.52 µm2/ms for monopolar gradients. Statistical analysis indicates correlations of the flow‐compensated apparent diffusion coefficient with hematocrit (P = 0.007) and hemoglobin (P = 0.017), but not with mean corpuscular volume (P = 0.64). Results of Monte‐Carlo simulations support the experimental observations.ConclusionsMeasured blood apparent diffusion coefficient values depend on hematocrit/hemoglobin concentration and applied gradient profile due to non‐Gaussian diffusion. Because in vivo measurement is delicate, an estimation based on blood count results could be an alternative. For intravoxel incoherent motion modeling, the use of a blood self‐diffusion constant Db = 1.54 ± 0.12 µm2/ms for flow‐compensated and Db = 1.30 ± 0.18 µm2/ms for monopolar encoding is suggested. Magn Reson Med 79:2752–2758, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Recurrent desmoplastic small round cell tumor responding to an mTOR inhibitor containing regimen
Authors: Tarek Nidale , Hayes‐Jordan Andrea , Salvador Laura , McAleer Mary F. , Herzog Cynthia E. , Huh Winston W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDesmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that typically presents with multiple abdominal masses. Initial treatment is multimodal in nature. Patients with relapsed DSRCT have a poor prognosis, and there are no standard therapies. We report our experience with five patients treated with vinorelbine, cyclophosphamide, and temsirolimus (VCT). Median number of VCT courses delivered was 7 (range 4–14 courses), and partial response was observed in all patients. Median time to progression or relapse was 8.5 months (range 7–16 months). Neutropenia and mucositis were most common toxicities (n = 4 each).
Palonosetron is nonsuperior to ondansetron in acute phase but provides superior antiemetic control in delayed phase for pediatric patients administered highly emetogenic chemotherapy
Authors: Tan Juan , Wang Shan , Liang Xiaohua , Li Chang‐Chun , Zhang Jun , Zhao Zhenzhen , Kong Xiang‐Ru , Deng Xiaobin , Peng Liang , Yang Chao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeChemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in children remains to be a major side effect despite antiemetic treatment. Palonosetron is a new generation 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists effective against acute and delayed nausea and vomiting. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic values of palonosetron and ondansetron in preventing pediatric CINV.MethodsA prospective, randomized, double‐blind, parallel controlled study was conducted in 0–18 years old cancer patients administered highly emetogenic chemotherapy, with different dosage of palonosetron or ondansetron, both followed by dexamethasone. The patients were observed for vomiting and nausea from 0 to 120 hr after chemotherapy initiation. All adverse events (AEs) during the study period were recorded. This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, number ChiCTR‐TRC‐14004891.ResultsBetween August 2014 and July 2016, 565 patients were randomly assigned to receive 5 μg/kg palonosetron (n = 185), 10 μg/kg palonosetron (n = 186), and 3 × 150 μg/kg ondansetron (n = 194), of whom 181, 185, and 189, respectively, were included in the efficacy analysis. Complete response (CR) rates during the acute phase were 69.1, 69.7, and 64.6%, respectively, in the 5 μg/kg palonosetron, 10 μg/kg palonosetron, and ondansetron groups. In the delayed phase, 10 μg/kg palonosetron (CR, 53.5%) showed superiority to 5 μg/kg palonosetron (CR, 39.8%) and ondansetron (CR, 32.8%) groups (P < 0.05). The most frequently observed drug‐related AEs were nervous system disorders, mainly headache, with an incidence of 2.8, 2.2, and 2.6% in each group, respectively.ConclusionCombination of palonosetron plus dexamethasone is highly effective in controlling acute and delayed CINV, with palonosetron superior to ondansetron.
Rheological, crystallization and electrical properties of poly vinylidene fluoride filled with micron iron
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Yang Bin , Xia Ru , Qian Jiasheng , Cao Ming , Miao Jibin , Su Lifen , Chen Peng 
Published: September 2017

Micron iron was added into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) via solution method to prepare the PVDF conductive composites. The electrical properties, non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics, crystal form, rheological, and thermal properties of PVDF/Fe composites were studied. Compared with neat PVDF, the PVDF/Fe composites had a higher crystallization rate, thermal stability and conductivity, but both crystallinity and flow property would decrease. The PVDF/Fe composites were subsequently treated by an alternating magnetic field. The percolation threshold value of the composites was found to reduce from 30 vol % to 11 vol %. The conductivity of the PVDF/Fe composites after alternating magnetic treatment increased by 8 orders of magnitude in comparison to neat PVDF, and the electrical conductivity of the PVDF/Fe composite with 30 vol % iron content was about 10−0.58S m−1. The iron particles were more likely to form a conductive network in the polymer matrix after the magnetic field treatment according to morphological observation. The present work will supply an insight into the design of PVDF conductive composites as well as the further studies on the relationship between structure and property of polymer composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E88–E101, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers