bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Executive control and phonological processing in language acquisition
Authors: Darcy Isabelle , Mora Joan C. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This chapter discusses the relationship between cognitive control and phonological processing in a second language (L2). Cognitive control is globally referred to as executive functions, mainly consisting of attention control, working memory and inhibitory control. Our research examines how dealing with multiple languages early on relates to differences in cognitive abilities, and how individual differences in cognitive abilities in turn impact phonological processing in L2. Building on evidence that functional bilinguals develop fine-grained advantages in cognitive control over monolinguals (Bialystok 2011), we investigate whether language learners with greater cognitive control are also better equipped to acquire a new phonological system. We report on data from two groups of L2 learners (L1 Spanish) who started learning English during adolescence. One group of learners grew up in a Spanish monolingual environment; the other grew up in a bilingual environment (Spanish/Catalan). The early bilingual participants used both Catalan and Spanish daily, but differed in the amount of use of their less dominant language (either Catalan or Spanish). We measured attention control, phonological memory and inhibitory control, and assessed L2 phonological processing skills via a perception task. The results indicate that phonological short-term memory and inhibition are related to L2-phonological processing, but not in the same way for all groups. The relationship interacts with the participants’ linguistic profile. Specifically, inhibitory control strongly correlates with L2 phonological processing for the participants from the monolingual environment: participants with stronger inhibitory control were more accurate in the perception task. This relationship was not visible for the participants with bilingual experience. We propose that the effects of individual differences in inhibitory control for these bilinguals might have been “washed out” due to the daily practice they receive in inhibiting one language over the other.
The role of explicit language aptitude in implicit, explicit, and mixed feedback conditions
Authors: Yilmaz Yucel , Granena Gisela , Meyer Zachary S. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This study examined whether there is any relationship between second language (L2) learning outcomes under different negative feedback conditions and cognitive abilities for language learning that involve explicit cognitive processes (i.e. explicit language aptitude). The study followed a pretest, immediate posttest, delayed posttest design, and used a set of controlled oral production tests as outcome measures. Between the pretest and the immediate posttest, 80 L2 learners of English carried out three oral production tasks, in which their errors on the indefinite article were treated according to the group they had been assigned to (i.e. explicit, implicit, mixed, reduced explicit or no-feedback). Three subtests from the LLAMA Language Aptitude Test battery (Meara 2005) were used to test the learners’ explicit language aptitude. Results showed that only on the immediate posttest and only under the explicit feedback condition was explicit language aptitude predictive of L2 performance.
Star formation law in the Milky Way
Authors: Sofue Yoshiaki , Nakanishi Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The Schmidt law (SF law) in the Milky Way was investigated using 3D distribution maps of H ii regions and H i and molecular (H2) gases with spatial resolutions of ∼1 kpc in the Galactic plane and a few tens of pc in the vertical direction. H ii regions were shown to be distributed in a star-forming (SF) disk with nearly constant vertical full thickness 92 pc in spatial coincidence with the molecular gas disk. The vertically averaged volume star formation rate (SFR) ρSFR in the SF disk is related to the surface SFR ΣSFR by ρSFR/[M⊙ yr−1 kpc−3] = 9.26 × ΣSFR/[M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2]. The SF law fitted by a single power law of gas density in the form of $\Sigma _{\rm SFR}\propto \rho _{\rm SFR}\propto \rho _{\rm gas}^\alpha$ and $\propto \Sigma _{\rm gas}^\beta$ showed indices of α =0.78 ± 0.05 for $\rho _{\rm H_2}$ and 2.15 ± 0.08 for ρtotal, and β = 1.14 ± 0.23 for Σtotal, where ρ and Σ denote volume and surface densities, respectively. The star formation rate is shown to be directly related to the molecular gas, but indirectly to H i and total gas densities. The dependence of the SF law on the gaseous phase is explained by the phase transition theory between H i and H2.
Metformin-Induced Generalized Fixed Drug Eruption With Cutaneous Hemophagocytosis
Authors: Ramírez-Bellver Jose Luis , Lopez Joaquin , Macias Elena , Fuertes Laura , Andres Irene , Alegria Victoria , Gimeno Ignacio , Perez Alejandra , Perez Yosmar , Requena Luis 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:
Fixed drug eruption (FDE) consists of recurrent dusky-red to brownish macules or patches at the same sites after the readministration of the causative drug. It usually presents as a solitary lesion, but generalized eruptions have been described. The most frequently implied drugs are antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and analgesics. Only 2 cases due to metformin have been reported. Histopathologic features of FDE include vacuolar degeneration of the basal layer, necrotic keratinocytes, and superficial and deep perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. Cutaneous hemophagocytosis in the context of a FDE has not been previously reported. We describe the case of an 86-year-old man who developed a pruritic generalized macular eruption of reddish to violaceous patches. Skin biopsy was performed and the dermal infiltrate was immunohistochemically studied. Histopathology showed interface dermatitis with vacuolar degeneration of the basal layer, necrotic keratinocytes, and superficial and deep perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate. In deep dermis, histiocytes with engulfed cells inside their cytoplasm were seen. Lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 immunostain demonstrated that most of these cells were lymphocytes. We present the first case with cutaneous hemophagocytosis in the context of a metformin-induced generalized FDE. In this particular case, hemophagocytosis was just a histopathologic finding with no systemic consequences for the patient.
Systemic Contact Dermatitis and Low-Allergen Diets
Authors: Weiss Emma , Katta Rajani 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Systemic contact dermatitis is a skin reaction that occurs after systemic exposure to a previously encountered allergen. Such exposure may occur via oral, intravenous, percutaneous, or inhalational routes. After exposure, dermatitis may occur at various sites. One clue to the diagnosis is the occurrence of recurrent episodes of contact dermatitis despite topical avoidance of known allergens. The treatment of systemic contact dermatitis involves avoidance of all systemic exposure to an allergen, which includes removal of the allergen from the diet. In this review, we focus on four major dietary allergens and describe relevant dietary sources to serve as a guide for patient education. These allergens are nickel, balsam of Peru, propylene glycol, and formaldehyde.
Awareness of Cervical Cancer Causes and Predeterminants of Likelihood to Screen Among Women in Haiti
Authors: McCarthy Schatzi H. , Walmer Kathy A. , Boggan Joel C. , Gichane Margaret W. , Calo William A. , Beauvais Harry A. , Brewer Noel T. 
Published: December 2016

Objectives
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in Haiti. Given this high disease burden, we sought to better understand women's knowledge of its causes and the sociodemographic and health correlates of cervical cancer screening.

Materials and Methods
Participants were 410 adult women presenting at clinics in Léogâne and Port-au-Prince, Haiti. We used bivariate and multivariate logic regression to identify correlates of Pap smear receipt.

Results
Only 29% of respondents had heard of human papillomavirus (HPV), whereas 98% were aware of cervical cancer. Of those aware of cervical cancer, 12% believed that sexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause it, and only 4% identified HPV infection as the cause. Women with a previous sexually transmitted infection were more likely to have had Pap smear (34% vs 71%, odds ratio = 3.45; 95% CI = 1.57–7.59). Screening was also more likely among women who were older than the age of 39 years, better educated, and employed (all p < .05). Almost all women (97%) were willing to undergo cervical cancer screening.

Conclusions
This sample of Haitian women had limited awareness of HPV and cervical cancer causes; but when provided with health information, they saw the benefits of cancer screening. Future initiatives should provide health education messages, with efforts targeting young and at-risk women.
Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent girls
Authors: Baldauff Natalie Hecht , Witchel Selma Feldman 
Published: December 2016

Purpose of review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common heterogeneous disorder that appears to have its origins during the peripubertal years. The diagnostic conundrum is that the typical clinical features, irregular menses and acne, occur during normal female puberty. Understanding the physiologic origins and molecular basis of the dysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in PCOS is fundamental to interrupting the distinctive vicious cycle of hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation.

Recent findings
Newer ultrasound technology with better spatial resolution has generated controversy regarding the optimal imaging criteria to define polycystic ovary morphology. Using such equipment, the Androgen Excess PCOS Society Task Force Report recommends a threshold of at least 25 follicles per ovary as the definition of polycystic ovary morphology. The implementation and results of genome-wide association studies has opened a new window into the pathogenesis of PCOS. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified several loci near genes involved in gonadotropin secretion, ovarian function, and metabolism. Despite the impediments posed by phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity among women with PCOS, investigation into one locus, the DENND1A gene, is providing insight into the ovarian steroidogenesis. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has long been recognized to play a major role in the ovarian dysfunction. Recent animal data implicate AMH in the neuroendocrine dysregulation by demonstrating AMH-stimulated increased gonadotropin releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone secretion.

Summary
PCOS is a common complex multifaceted disorder associated with genetic and environmental influences affecting steroidogenesis, steroid metabolism, neuroendocrine function, insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β cell function, and alternative adaptations to energy excess. Current research into the genetics and pathophysiology is reviewed. The difficulties inherent in diagnosing PCOS in adolescent girls are discussed.
Routine Inpatient Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening
Authors: Baker Daniel C. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose/Objectives:
This article reviews the current guidelines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening among inpatients and explores adherence to the guidelines and barriers to their implementation.

Background:
In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released updated recommendations suggesting HIV screening for all patients in all healthcare settings.

Description:
A nonsystematic review of current HIV screening guidelines, as well as research and nonresearch literature, addressing rates of inpatient screening was performed.

Results:
Between 2000 and 2010, there was a significant increase in testing in healthcare settings. Despite these advances, 10 years after the updated Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines were released, many hospitals still have not fully implemented the recommendations. Barriers to implementation of the guidelines include provider misconceptions and lack of time and reimbursement.

Conclusions:
Screening for HIV identifies new infections, reduces transmission, prevents complications, and encourages a discussion about prevention. Increasing adherence to screening recommendations can help prevent new cases and disease progression. The nursing focus on prevention makes clinical nurse specialists and other advanced practice registered nurses uniquely positioned to increase screening. Clinical nurse specialists should implement research projects to understand adherence in their facilities and identify and address site-specific barriers. Quality improvement programs can then be implemented to improve screening rates.
A comparative microarray analysis identifies a conserved gene expression signature between airway injury and lung cancer
Authors: Giangreco Adam 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) accounts for 30% of lung cancers, with over 400,000 deaths per year worldwide. Although evidence suggests that chronic lung injury drives carcinogenesis, a comprehensive understanding of this process remains elusive. Here, I used a comparative microarray analysis to identify gene expression differences shared between airway injury and squamous lung cancer. Of the 667 genes that exhibited differential expression following murine polidocanol and SO2 injury, 40.6% were additionally dysregulated in human SqCC. Among these, 150 genes were consistently upregulated and 54 downregulated relative to all controls. Examples included genes associated with increased cell cycling, aberrant cytokinesis and DNA repair, and enhanced tumour cell invasion and metastases. For 88.2% of identified genes, altered expression was associated with increased SqCC progression and patient mortality. These results establish a novel gene expression signature linking airway injury and lung cancer pathogenesis.
Accounting for GC-content bias reduces systematic errors and batch effects in ChIP-Seq data
Authors: Teng Mingxiang , Irizarry Rafael A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe main application of ChIP-seq technology is the detection of genomic regions that bind to a protein of interest. A large part of functional genomics public catalogs are based on ChIP-seq data. These catalogs rely on peak calling algorithms that infer protein-binding sites by detecting genomic regions associated with more mapped reads (coverage) than expected by chance as a result of the experimental protocol's lack of perfect specificity. We find that GC-content bias accounts for substantial variability in the observed coverage for ChIP-Seq experiments and that this variability leads to false-positive peak calls. More concerning is that GC-effect varies across experiments, with the effect strong enough to result in a substantial number of peaks called differently when different laboratories perform experiments on the same cell-line. However, accounting for GC-content in ChIP-Seq is challenging because the binding sites of interest tend to be more common in high GC-content regions, which confounds real biological signal with the unwanted variability. To account for this challenge we introduce a statistical approach that accounts for GC-effects on both non-specific noise and signal induced by the binding site. The method can be used to account for this bias in binding quantification as well to improve existing peak calling algorithms. We use this approach to show a reduction in false positive peaks as well as improved consistency across laboratories.
Clustering of online learning resources via minimum spanning tree
Authors: Wu Qingyuan , Zhan Changchen , Wang Fu Lee , Wang Siyang , Tang Zeping 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe quick growth of web-based and mobile e-learning applications such as massive open online courses have created a large volume of online learning resources. Confronting such a large amount of learning data, it is important to develop effective clustering approaches for user group modeling and intelligent tutoring. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, a minimum spanning tree based approach is proposed for clustering of online learning resources. The novel clustering approach has two main stages, namely, elimination stage and construction stage. During the elimination stage, the Euclidean distance is adopted as a metrics formula to measure density of learning resources. Resources with quite low densities are identified as outliers and therefore removed. During the construction stage, a minimum spanning tree is built by initializing the centroids according to the degree of freedom of the resources. Online learning resources are subsequently partitioned into clusters by exploiting the structure of minimum spanning tree.FindingsConventional clustering algorithms have a number of shortcomings such that they cannot handle online learning resources effectively. On the one hand, extant partitional clustering methods use a randomly assigned centroid for each cluster, which usually cause the problem of ineffective clustering results. On the other hand, classical density-based clustering methods are very computationally expensive and time-consuming. Experimental results indicate that the algorithm proposed outperforms the traditional clustering algorithms for online learning resources.Originality/valueThe effectiveness of the proposed algorithms has been validated by using several data sets. Moreover, the proposed clustering algorithm has great potential in e-learning applications. It has been demonstrated how the novel technique can be integrated in various e-learning systems. For example, the clustering technique can classify learners into groups so that homogeneous grouping can improve the effectiveness of learning. Moreover, clustering of online learning resources is valuable to decision making in terms of tutorial strategies and instructional design for intelligent tutoring. Lastly, a number of directions for future research have been identified in the study.
Leader legitimacy – a matter of education?
Authors: Lund Anne Kamilla 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss and share some practical insights on how leaders can seek legitimacy when leading highly specialized/highly educated people from other educational backgrounds than their own.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on an initial literature review on leader legitimacy, this paper distills three strategies for strengthening leader legitimacy that can apply to leaders of organizations employing highly specialized/highly educated people.

Findings
If these strategies are applied, leaders leading people from other educational backgrounds than their own will strengthen their possibilities for being perceived legitimate leaders. Further, for recruiters of leaders, awareness about the legitimacy challenge is an important step in choosing the “right” person for the job. For educational institutions and organizers of organizational-internal leader development programs, the strategies are important to consider when preparing and planning teaching on leadership.

Research limitations/implications
Research was based on a systematic literature review on leader legitimacy and the findings result from an initial categorizing.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical approaches with the potential to enhance leader and business effectiveness and informing leader-education approaches. The paper bridges theory and practice for leaders, recruiters of leaders and leader-education institutions.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by presenting pertinent information in a condensed and practice-oriented format.
The Kansas story: a sea of Koha green on the plains
Authors: Hastings Robin , Braum Heather , Willems Harry , Hutchinson Crystal , Santy Gail , Shafer Maribeth , Robb Jason , Carswell Roger 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Three of the seven regional systems in Kansas report on the history and use of the open-source Koha integrated library system (ILS) in their regions.

Design/methodology/approach
Each of the systems wrote up their experiences and then they collaborated on sections that discussed how they work together to achieve success with this product.

Findings
Each of the systems will continue to use the Koha software, and there are a few stand-alone instances of Koha already in place in Kansas. Development and advocacy of the product will be continued by all three of the systems.

Originality/value
This is a rare instance of three separate consortia coming together to work on improving everyone’s experience with an open-source ILS. The authors feel that the experiences they have had with this software are of value to anyone considering making use of it.
The true cost
Authors: Fox Robert 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This column takes a critical look at how technology projects are valued according to various cost factors. Those factors are examined, and a proposal is made regarding the use of agile scrum to overcome the limitations of standard cost analysis. Standard cost analysis based on time and financial burden limit the ability of library leadership to make innovative and visionary decisions concerning library strategy vis-à-vis technology.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a regular column. The material was written based on experience and familiarity with current issues as well as a literature review.

Findings
As this is a regular column that is exploratory and speculative in nature, there are no formal findings. The conclusion is based on the ideas presented in the column narrative.

Originality/value
The average approach to cost analysis, otherwise known as the return on investment, stifles the ability of library leadership to make strategic decisions that are focused on opportunities and relevance. Agile scrum is not simply a method to organize and manage software development projects. It transforms the thinking of an organization and establishes a decision-making model that places concerns at the appropriate level so that libraries can be nimble with regard to technology implementation.