bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le peuple est dans la rue. Politiques du street art dans les barrios vénézuéliens
Authors: Tarragoni Federico 
Published: June 2016

La sociologie de l’art manifeste un intérêt croissant envers ces productions artistiques « hors les musées » que sont les tags, les peintures murales, les graffiti. Cet intérêt s’accroît dès lors que le sociologue identifie chez leurs créateurs une volonté de subversion graphique en dialogue incessant avec un désir de rupture politique. Que reste-t-il de ces œuvres éversives lorsqu’une révolution en vient à capter la radicalité en les transformant en « art d’État » ? Le cas du street art de barrio vénézuélien ouvre quelques perspectives novatrices pour l’intelligence des tensions et des paradoxes qui informent l’objet « art populaire », en Amérique latine et ailleurs.
Les architectes au Portugal : entre la vocation et la profession
Authors: Borges Vera , Villaverde Cabral Manuel 
Published: June 2016

À partir des données recueillies lors d’une enquête sur les architectes au Portugal, nous essayons d’analyser pourquoi cette profession libérale basée sur l’obtention d’un diplôme universitaire et exercée sous le monopole de l’Ordre des architectes continue d’attirer plus de « vocations » que le marché ne peut en satisfaire. La conclusion la plus pertinente se trouve sur l’ethos de l’architecture, telle qu’elle est pratiquée aujourd’hui sur le terrain portugais, qui repose sur une tension récurrente entre « vocation » et « profession » en raison de sa forte dimension artistique qui, à son tour, la distingue des autres professions libérales.
Spectateur de théâtre : l’apprentissage d’un rôle social
Authors: Pasquier Dominique 
Published: June 2016

Les codes de civilité théâtrale actuels supposent que les spectateurs restent assis, silencieux, et attendent la fin du spectacle pour manifester leurs émotions. Cet article, fondé sur une enquête par entretiens auprès de spectateurs, montre que cette règle ascétique est souvent transgressée, mais rarement de façon frontale. Quand jadis les spectateurs mécontents huaient ou sifflaient les acteurs, aujourd’hui ils toussent ou bougent sur leurs fauteuils. Ces bruits de la salle sont perçus par les autres spectateurs comme une manifestation d’ennui et un désengagement vis-à-vis de la performance. D’autres stratégies de résistance sont mises en place comme la fuite à l’entracte ou l’endormissement sur son siège : elles ont en commun de ne pas rompre ouvertement le contrat de respect du travail de l’acteur.
Le « musée encyclopédique » dans la controverse sur les restitutions d’œuvres et objets d’art anciens. Enjeux et propositions pour une enquête sociologique
Authors: Jouvenet Morgan 
Published: June 2016

Cet article s’appuie sur le compte-rendu de l’argumentation de James Cuno en faveur du « musée encyclopédique » pour présenter les enjeux d’une controverse qui traverse la scène culturelle internationale, ainsi que les ressources sociologiques que l’on pourrait mobiliser pour en saisir la dynamique. Cette controverse porte sur les œuvres et objets hérités de civilisations anciennes, et interroge la légitimité de grands musées du monde occidental à les posséder et les exposer, avec des effets parfois spectaculaires – comme en témoigne une vague de « restitution » de certaines œuvres et objets à des États en ayant réclamé la « paternité ». Une enquête sociologique sur le sujet permettrait d’apporter de nouveaux éclairages sur les évolutions intellectuelles, professionnelles et matérielles qui la nourrissent. Plus généralement, c’est la façon de construire des collectifs, de leur donner une forme et une continuité historique, qui est au centre des débats. Ceux-ci fournissent dès lors aussi l’occasion d’interroger des processus et concepts premiers pour les sciences sociales.
Villes méduséennes, cités fantomatiques et photographiques : entre présence et absence
Authors: Rion Valéry 
Published: June 2016

Résumé Cet article propose une lecture comparée d’ Arria Marcella de Théophile Gautier et de Bruges-la-Morte de Georges Rodenbach. Dans ces deux textes, le lecteur se retrouve emmené dans des villes mortes. Dans les deux cas, ces cités évoquent la mort. Pour Pompéi, le lieu où se déroule la nouvelle de Gautier, c’est une ville fantôme, redécouverte après son ensevelissement sous la cendre du Vésuve. En ce qui concerne Bruges, la représentation de la ville, aussi bien aux niveaux textuels qu’iconographiques – il s’agit, en effet, du premier roman à intégrer des photographies dans l’histoire de la littérature française –, constitue une mise en scène de l’absence, du vide laissée par l’épouse défunte du héros. L’environnement urbain et en particulier celui de la ville morte favorise dans l’espace fictionnel l’apparition de fantômes et dans ces cas précis de « mortes amoureuses ». Nous nous attacherons à présenter les correspondances entre le traitement poétique de la revenante et celui de la ville morte.
Rien de nouveau sous le soleil : Pompéi, la ville morte, dans Arria Marcella (1852)
Authors: Geisler-Szmulewicz Anne 
Published: June 2016

Résumé Théophile Gautier est fasciné par le motif de la « ville morte », qu’il développe dans ses récits de voyage, sa critique dramatique et surtout dans sa nouvelle archéologique Arria Marcella (1852). Dans cette nouvelle, qui possède un fort ancrage réaliste, l’écrivain s’appuie non seulement sur ce qu’il a vu lors de sa visite en 1850, mais aussi largement sur des sources livresques, telles que le Voyage à Pompéi de l’abbé Dominique Romanelli ou Les Ruines de Pompéi de François Mazois. Pompéi a reçu, en effet, de nombreuses visites dès les premières exhumations dont elle a fait l’objet, et la visite au Musée des Studii constitue une étape obligée pour tous ceux qui font « le voyage d’Italie ». Gautier reprend un certain nombre d’associations quasi automatiques (comme le thème de l’illusion de vie ou l’adage du roi Salomon, « Rien de nouveau sous le soleil ») pour mieux marquer ses distances vis-à-vis de ses prédécesseurs ; il confère au célèbre adage une autre signification, l’aventure d’Octavien étant moins une découverte de l’inédit qu’une rencontre avec du déjà vu, et une double portée, philosophique et poétique.
Paris, ville morte dans le roman français au XIX e siècle
Authors: Boeglin Noémie 
Published: June 2016

Résumé Paris, ville décor de nombreux romans au cours du XIX e siècle, apparaît régulièrement comme étant désertée. La solitude nocturne, l’anonymat urbain sont certains des prétextes utilisés par les auteurs pour nous présenter une ville « morte ». Ponctuellement vidé de ses habitants, volontairement occultés par les romanciers ou véritablement absents des scènes urbaines, Paris est hostile, angoissant. Les décors fantomatiques des romans donnent naissance au doute, au mystère, à l’intrigue. Le paysage littéraire de Paris, d’où toute vie semble être absente, pourrait être qualifié de mort, mais aussi d’endormi, de déserté, d’abandonné, de dépeuplé... Les auteurs jouent avec les mots et leurs significations, induisant les lecteurs en erreur en faussant leurs certitudes sur la ville. Paris a toujours été multiple et le calme d’une mort factice imaginée par les auteurs s’oppose directement aux mouvements incessants de la frénésie urbaine. Mort de la ville ou ville mise à mort ?
L’autre mort de Venise
Authors: Bordry Marguerite 
Published: June 2016

Résumé À une époque où de nombreux voyageurs européens dépeignent Venise et ses monuments délabrés comme une ville morte, irrémédiablement vouée à disparaître, c’est une autre mort que deux auteurs italiens de la fin du XIX e siècle, Gerolamo Rovetta (1851-1910) et Giacinto Gallina (1852-1897), aujourd’hui oubliés, décrivent. Tandis que Rovetta explore les rapports entre Vénitiens et touristes dans le roman Sott’acqua (1883), Gallina met en lumière les conflits entre différentes générations de Vénitiens dans ses pièces Teleri veci (1877) et Serenissima (1891) : tous deux décrivent des Vénitiens qui ne conçoivent leur avenir qu’en exploitant les reliques du passé révolu de leur ville. Au délabrement physique de l’espace urbain s’ajoute une décadence morale, qui révèle les contradictions du difficile XIX e siècle vénitien.
CD73 Inhibition Shifts Cardiac Macrophage Polarization toward a Microbicidal Phenotype and Ameliorates the Outcome of Experimental Chagas Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ponce Nicolás Eric , Sanmarco Liliana Maria , Eberhardt Natalia , García Mónica Cristina , Rivarola Héctor Walter , Cano Roxana Carolina , Aoki Maria Pilar 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that generation of extracellular adenosine from ATP, which is hydrolyzed by the CD39/CD73 enzyme pair, attenuates the inflammatory response and deactivates macrophage antimicrobial mechanisms. Although CD73 is emerging as a critical pathway and therapeutic target in cardiovascular disorders, the involvement of this ectonucleotidase during myocardial infection has not been explored. Using a murine model of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas cardiomyopathy, we observed a sudden switch from the classical M1 macrophage (microbicidal) phenotype toward an alternative M2 (repairing/anti-inflammatory) phenotype that occurred within the myocardium very shortly after BALB/c mice infection. The observed shift in M1/M2 rate correlated with the cardiac cytokine milieu. Considering that parasite persistence within myocardium is a necessary and sufficient condition for the development of the chronic myocarditis, we hypothesized that CD73 activity may counteract cardiac macrophage microbicidal polarization, rendering the local immune response less effective. In fact, a transient treatment with a specific CD73 inhibitor (adenosine 5′-α,β-methylene-diphosphate) enhanced the microbicidal M1 subset predominance, diminished IL-4– and IL-10–producing CD4+ T cells, promoted a proinflammatory cytokine milieu, and reduced parasite load within the myocardium during the acute phase. As a direct consequence of these events, there was a reduction in serum levels of creatine kinase muscle–brain isoenzyme, a myocardial-specific injury marker, and an improvement in the electrocardiographic characteristics during the chronic phase. Our results demonstrate that this purinergic system drives the myocardial immune response postinfection and harbors a promising potential as a therapeutic target.
Cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation in the elderly: evidence for cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction or chronic heart failure
Authors: Fattirolli Francesco , Pratesi Alessandra 
Published: June 2016

Cardiac rehabilitation in the elderly today often represents a utopia. The international scientific literature takes little into account this type of prescription for old people, although they represent a large and growing proportion of cardiac patients, with acute coronary syndrome or heart failure, which we have to manage in everyday life. Furthermore, interventions of health education, clinical follow up, rehospitalisation prevention and prescription of tailored exercise, are sometimes more necessary in this kind of patients, given the presence of multimorbidity, functional dependence, frailty, sarcopenia, social neglect. Most of the data on the feasibility, safety and efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation are favourable, but they are few and apparently not strong enough to convince the medical community. Therefore is necessary to join efforts to identify the geriatric patient's peculiarities and plan a suitable program of cardiac rehabilitation, which takes into account the multi-dimensionality and complexity of typical problems of the elderly, for which the classical cardiac outcomes can be limited.RiassuntoLa riabilitazione cardiologica nel paziente anziano rappresenta ad oggi in molte realtÃ una utopia. La letteratura scientifica internazionale prende poco in considerazione questo tipo di prescrizione nei soggetti in etÃ avanzata, per quanto essi rappresentino una grande e crescente quota dei pazienti cardiopatici con sindrome coronarica acuta o scompenso cardiaco. Inoltre proprio su questa tipologia di pazienti interventi di educazione sanitaria, monitoraggio clinico e prescrizione di esercizio fisico personalizzato, risultano piÃ¹ necessari, data la presenza di multimorbilitÃ , dipendenza funzionale, fragilitÃ , sarcopenia, isolamento sociale. La maggior parte dei dati su fattibilitÃ , sicurezza ed efficacia della riabilitazione cardiologica dopo infarto miocardico e nello scompenso sono favorevoli, ma risultano limitati nella numerositÃ delle casistiche e non condotti su pazienti assimilabili a quelli del mondo reale. Eâ€™ necessario dunque identificare le peculiaritÃ del paziente geriatrico e pianificare e personalizzare un programma di riabilitazione cardiologica che tenga in considerazione la multidimensionalitÃ e la complessitÃ dei problemi tipici del soggetto anziano, per il quale gli outcome cardiologici abituali possono risultare limitati o non significativi.
Barriers to cardiac rehabilitation access of older heart failure patients and strategies for better implementation
Authors: Pulignano Giovanni , Tinti Maria Denitza , Del Sindaco Donatella , Tolone Stefano , Minardi Giovanni , Lax Antonio , Uguccioni Massimo 
Published: June 2016

In heart failure (HF), cardiac rehabilitation (CR) may reduce decompensations, hospitalization, and ultimately mortality in long term. Many studies over the past decade have demonstrated that aerobic exercise training is effective and safe in stable patients with HF. Exercise CR resulted in a clinically important improvement in the QOL. Several clinical and psychosocial factors are associated with decreased participation in CR programs of elderly HF patients, such as perception of exercise as tiring or painful, comorbidities, lack of physician encouragement, and opinion that CR will not improve their health status. Besides low functional capacity, and chronic deconditioning may also deter patients from participating in CR programs. Â Recent data suggest that current smoking, a BMI â‰¥30 kg/m2, diabetes mellitus, and cognitive dysfunction are associated with failure to enroll in outpatient CR in older age group. Moreover the lack of availability of CR facilities or the absence of financial refunds for enrolment of CHF patients in cardiac rehabilitation programs can play a crucial role. Many of this factors are modifiable through patient education and self care strategy instruction, health providers sensibilization, and implementing economic measures in order to make CR affordable.Â RiassuntoNumerosi studi hanno dimostrato come la riabilitazione cardiovascolare (RC) con esercizio aerobico sia risultato efficace e sicuro nei pazienti con scompenso cardiaco (SC), nel ridurre ospedalizzazioni, mortalitÃ ed indurre un miglioramento della qualitÃ di vita. Tuttavia numerosi fattori clinici e psicosociali, come la bassa capacitÃ funzionale, le comorbiditÃ , la percezione dellâ€™esercizio fisico come noioso o doloroso, sono associati a ridotta partecipazione a RC da parte di pazienti anziani con SC.Â Inoltre dati recenti mostrano come lâ€™abitudine tabagica, un BMI â‰¥30 kg/m2, il diabete mellito ed il deterioramento cognitivo siano associati con il mancato arruolamento di pazienti anziani in programmi di RC.Â In aggiunta la mancanza di disponibilitÃ di strutture per la RC o l'assenza di rimborsi finanziari per l'iscrizione dei pazienti con SC in programmi di riabilitazione cardiaca possono svolgere un ruolo cruciale. Molti di questi fattori risultano modificabili attraverso programmi di educazione sanitaria del paziente, sensibilizzazione del personale sanitario ed attraverso unâ€™implementazione delle misure economiche al fine di rendere accessibile la RC.
Healthcare associated infections in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Sodhi Jitender , Satpathy Sidhartha , Sharma D.K. , Lodha Rakesh , Kapil Arti , Wadhwa Nitya , Gupta Shakti Kumar 
Published: June 2016

Background & objectives:
Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) increase the length of stay in the hospital and consequently costs as reported from studies done in developed countries. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of HAIs on length of stay and costs of health care in children admitted to Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary care hospital in north India.

Methods:
This prospective study was done in the seven bedded PICU of a large multi-specialty tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. A total of 20 children with HAI (cases) and 35 children without HAI (controls), admitted to the PICU during the study period (January 2012 to June 2012), were matched for gender, age, and average severity of illness score. Each patient's length of stay was obtained prospectively. Costs of healthcare were estimated according to traditional and time driven activity based costing methods approach.

Results:
The median extra length of PICU stay for children with HAI (cases), compared with children with no HAI (controls), was seven days (IQR 3-16). The mean total costs of patients with and without HAI were

JOURNAL/ijmer/04.03/02223309-201643040-00019/math_19MM1/v/2022-09-30T185029Z/r/image-tiff

2,04,787 (US$ 3,413) and

JOURNAL/ijmer/04.03/02223309-201643040-00019/math_19MM2/v/2022-09-30T185029Z/r/image-tiff

56,587 (US$ 943), respectively and the mean difference in the total cost between cases and controls was

JOURNAL/ijmer/04.03/02223309-201643040-00019/math_19MM3/v/2022-09-30T185029Z/r/image-tiff

1,48,200 (95% CI 55,716 to 2,40,685, P<0.01).

Interpretation & conclusions:
This study highlights the effect of HAI on costs for PICU patients, especially costs due to prolongation of hospital stay, and suggests the need to develop effective strategies for prevention of HAI to reduce costs of health care.
Directly Simulation of Second Order Hyperbolic Systems in Second Order Form via the Regularization Concept
Authors: Yousefi Hassan , Ghorashi Seyed Shahram , Rabczuk Timon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present an efficient and robust method for stress wave propagation problems (second order hyperbolic systems) having discontinuities directly in their second order form. Due to the numerical dispersion around discontinuities and lack of the inherent dissipation in hyperbolic systems, proper simulation of such problems are challenging. The proposed idea is to denoise spurious oscillations by a post-processing stage from solutions obtained from higher-order grid-based methods (e.g., high-order collocation or finite-difference schemes). The denoising is done so that the solutions remain higher-order (here, second order) around discontinuities and are still free from spurious oscillations. For this purpose, improved Tikhonov regularization approach is advised. This means to let data themselves select proper denoised solutions (since there is no pre-assumptions about regularized results). The improved approach can directly be done on uniform or non-uniform sampled data in a way that the regularized results maintenance continuous derivatives up to some desired order. It is shown how to improve the smoothing method so that it remains conservative and has local estimating feature. To confirm effectiveness of the proposed approach, finally, some one and two dimensional examples will be provided. It will be shown how both the numerical (artificial) dispersion and dissipation can be controlled around discontinuous solutions and stochastic-like results.
Emotional Excess on the Shakespearean Stage: Passion’s Slaves
Authors: Escolme Bridget 
Published: June 2016

Emotional Excess on the Shakespearean Stage demonstrates the links made between excess of emotion and madness in the early modern period. It argues that the ways in which today's popular and theatrical cultures judge how much is too much can distort our understanding of early modern drama and theatre. It argues that permitting the excesses of the early modern drama onto the contemporary stage might free actors and audiences alike from assumptions that in order to engage with the drama of the past, its characters must be just like us.
The book deals with characters in the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries who are sad for too long, or angry to the point of irrationality; people who laugh when they shouldn't or make their audiences do so; people whose selfhood has broken down into an excess of fragmentary extremes and who are labelled mad. It is about moments in the theatre when excessive emotion is rewarded and applauded - and about moments when the expression of emotion is in excess of what is socially acceptable: embarrassing, shameful, unsettling or insane. The book explores the broader cultures of emotion that produce these theatrical moments, and the theatre's role in regulating and extending the acceptable expression of emotion. It is concerned with the acting of excessive emotion and with acting emotion excessively. And it asks how these excesses are produced or erased, give pleasure or pain, in versions of early modern drama in theatre, film and television today.
Plays discussed include Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, The Spanish Tragedy, Twelfth Night, Much Ado About Nothing, Measure for Measure, and Coriolanus.
Contribution of dissolved organic matter to submicron water-soluble organic aerosols in the marine boundary layer over the eastern equatorial Pacific
Authors: Miyazaki Yuzo , Coburn Sean , Ono Kaori , Ho David T. , Pierce R. Bradley , Kawamura Kimitaka , Volkamer Rainer 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Stable carbon isotopic compositions of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and organic molecular markers were measured to investigate the relative contributions of the sea surface sources to the water-soluble fraction of submicron organic aerosols collected over the eastern equatorial Pacific during the Tropical Ocean tRoposphere Exchange of Reactive halogens and Oxygenated VOCs (TORERO)/KA-12-01 cruise. On average, the water-soluble organic fraction of the total carbon (TC) mass in submicron aerosols was  ∼  30–35 % in the oceans with the low chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations, whereas it was  ∼  60 % in the high-Chl a regions. The average stable carbon isotope ratio of WSOC (δ13CWSOC) was −19.8 ± 2.0 ‰, which was systematically higher than that of TC (δ13CTC) (−21.8 ± 1.4 ‰). We found that in the oceans with both high and low Chl a concentrations the δ13CWSOC was close to the typical values of δ13C for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ranging from −22 to −20 ‰ in surface seawater of the tropical Pacific Ocean. This suggests an enrichment of marine biological products in WSOC aerosols in the study region regardless of the oceanic area. In particular, enhanced levels of WSOC and biogenic organic marker compounds together with high values of WSOC / TC ( ∼  60 %) and δ13CWSOC were observed over upwelling areas and phytoplankton blooms, which was attributed to planktonic tissues being more enriched in δ13C. The δ13C analysis estimated that, on average, marine sources contribute  ∼  90 ± 25 % of the aerosol carbon, indicating the predominance of marine-derived carbon in the submicron WSOC. This conclusion is supported by Lagrangian trajectory analysis, which suggests that the majority of the sampling points on the ship had been exposed to marine boundary layer (MBL) air for more than 80 % of the time during the previous 7 days. The combined analysis of the δ13C and monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, demonstrated that DOC concentration was closely correlated with the concentration levels of submicron WSOC across the study region regardless of the oceanic area. The result implies that DOC may characterize background organic aerosols in the MBL over the study region.