bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview of the Development of Research on Public Speaking Course from 2004 to 2013
Authors: Su Yurong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis research explores the studies published in English from 2004 to 2013 on the Public Speaking (PS) course to provide a preliminary framework of the research paradigm and identify its major themes and sub-themes in this field. A majority of the studies were from the communication literature, with the remaining studies coming from the disciplines of linguistics, education and psychology, which indicates research on PS is multidisciplinary. In the literature, the years 2004 and 2005 saw a peak of studies from native-speaking countries while the years 2011 and 2012 began to see an increase of the research from non-native speaking countries. Nearly half of the studies fell into the non-empirical category. With the method of content analysis and based on the research agenda in the public speaking proposed by Lucas (2011), seven themes were identified, including public speaking anxiety, goals of the public speaking course and pedagogical strategies, pedagogical content, course assessment, technology and integrative methods as pedagogy, PS textbooks, and adaptation of the course to non-native speakers. It is hoped that the findings here can contribute to refining research on PS course in China and providing insights for Chinese practitioners.
Word Concreteness and Word Translatability: Relations and Implications for Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Hu Bo , Tian Lili 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study examined the relation between word concreteness and word translatability. Translatability was operationalized in terms of both lexical and semantic cross-transparency. Two separate scales were used to measure the level of concreteness of 123 target English words and their translatability into Chinese. The results of this study showed that word concreteness and translatability are significantly correlated, and that word concreteness determines the extent of semantic closeness between the translation of English and Chinese word pairs. Concreteness might be a variable that influences how translatable a word is between English and Chinese. However, this influence mainly applies to the semantic cross-transparency between the two languages, not the lexical cross-transparency. A link was proposed between the levels of translatability of a translation pair according to concreteness and associated properties. The paper also discusses the implications of the findings for second language learning and teaching, in particular the “translation effect” and teachers’ “codeswitching” behavior.
The Challenges of Global Citizenship for Worldview Education. The Perspective of Social Sustainability
Authors: Miedema Siebren , Bertram-Troost Gerdien 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this paper the authors briefly present what their theoretical reflections and empirical research has yielded in respect to citizenship education and religious education. The theoretical as well as political and practical questions of the relationship of global citizenship and worldview education are scrutinized. The main focus is on the issue whether there is or could be a connection between the concepts of ‘worldview education’ and global citizenship ‘education’ from the point of view of inclusivity in respect to both concepts. Habermas’s distinction between the concepts of democratic state citizenship and global or cosmopolitan citizenship is conceptually helpful. The authors also take into account the question of whether there is a certain educational, political or religious necessity on a national as well as global level to deal with this possible relationship as viewed through the lens of social sustainability.
Using Analogies in Teaching Physics: A Study on Latvian Teachers' Views and Experience
Authors: Jonāne Lolita 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The role of analogies as tools for teaching difficult science concepts has been widely discussed in science education. The application of analogies in the context of sustainable education involves richer potential. The purposeful use of appropriate analogies can facilitate analogical thinking and transfer skills, as well as develop abilities which are required for life and lifelong learning, including successful integration into modern society and facility within our technology saturated world. Analogical thinking supports development of students’ higher order thinking skills. The aim of this study was to identify Latvian physics teachers’ views on the importance of analogies and the methodology of their usage in physics education, as well as to discover innovative examples of analogies. The study involves both quantitative and qualitative methodology: survey of 35 secondary school physics teachers and group interviews with 18 experienced physics teachers. The findings reveal that, in general, now and then Latvian physics teachers use analogies in their pedagogical practice, although they are mostly simplistic and with illustrative character. Some teachers use analogies in order to help students build new knowledge through activating, transferring, and applying existing knowledge and skills in unfamiliar situations.
Beyond Point-and-Shoot Morality: Why Cognitive (Neuro)Science Matters for Ethics
Authors: Greene Joshua D. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this article I explain why cognitive science (including some neuroscience) matters for normative ethics. First, I describe the dual-process theory of moral judgment and briefly summarize the evidence supporting it. Next I describe related experimental research examining influences on intuitive moral judgment. I then describe two ways in which research along these lines can have implications for ethics. I argue that a deeper understanding of moral psychology favors certain forms of consequentialism over other classes of normative moral theory. I close with some brief remarks concerning the bright future of ethics as an interdisciplinary enterprise.
Global Power Movements, Uncertainty and Democracy in the Middle East
Authors: Guner Selin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStudies that examine global determinants of democracy mainly focus on factors such as global conflict, strength of global community, international organizations and the impact of democratic neighbors. This paper logically extends the global approach by considering the impact of global power shifts on democratization in the Middle East. In this paper, it is argued that global uncertainty raised by power shifts in the system is likely to impact authoritarian elite behavior leading to their concession to share political power. This article specifies the assumptions, hypothesis and the causal mechanism through which power shifts might impact democracy in the Middle East. To test the hypothesis, this article uses cross-country panel data and fixed effects GLS regression models on 878 observations, 20 countries ranging from 1815 until 2004. To clarify the argument, examples of democratization process in Iran and Turkey as well as recent 2011 Middle East uprisings are also discussed as illustrative evidence. The results support the argument that global power transfers have short term and long term impacts on democratization in the Middle East.
An Examination of Dynamic Gene Expression Changes in the Mouse Brain During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Authors: Ray Surjyendu , Tzeng Ruei-Ying , DiCarlo Lisa M , Bundy Joseph L , Vied Cynthia , Tyson Gary , Nowakowski Richard , Arbeitman Michelle N 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The developmental transition to motherhood requires gene expression changes that alter the brain to drive the female to perform maternal behaviors. We broadly examined the global transcriptional response in the mouse maternal brain, by examining four brain regions: hypothalamus, hippocampus, neocortex, and cerebellum, in virgin females, two pregnancy time points, and three postpartum time points. We find that overall there are hundreds of differentially expressed genes, but each brain region and time point shows a unique molecular signature, with only 49 genes differentially expressed in all four regions. Interestingly, a set of “early-response genes” is repressed in all brain regions during pregnancy and postpartum stages. Several genes previously implicated in underlying postpartum depression change expression. This study serves as an atlas of gene expression changes in the maternal brain, with the results demonstrating that pregnancy, parturition, and postpartum maternal experience substantially impact diverse brain regions.
A RAB3GAP1 SINE Insertion in Alaskan Huskies with Polyneuropathy, Ocular Abnormalities, and Neuronal Vacuolation (POANV) Resembling Human Warburg Micro Syndrome 1 (WARBM1)
Authors: Wiedmer Michaela , Oevermann Anna , Borer-Germann Stephanie E , Gorgas Daniela , Shelton G Diane , Drögemüller Michaela , Jagannathan Vidhya , Henke Diana , Leeb Tosso 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We observed a hereditary phenotype in Alaskan Huskies that was characterized by polyneuropathy with ocular abnormalities and neuronal vacuolation (POANV). The affected dogs developed a progressive severe ataxia, which led to euthanasia between 8 and 16 months of age. The pedigrees were consistent with a monogenic autosomal recessive inheritance. We localized the causative genetic defect to a 4 Mb interval on chromosome 19 by a combined linkage and homozygosity mapping approach. Whole genome sequencing of one affected dog, an obligate carrier, and an unrelated control revealed a 218-bp SINE insertion into exon 7 of the RAB3GAP1 gene. The SINE insertion was perfectly associated with the disease phenotype in a cohort of 43 Alaskan Huskies, and it was absent from 541 control dogs of diverse other breeds. The SINE insertion induced aberrant splicing and led to a transcript with a greatly altered exon 7. RAB3GAP1 loss-of-function variants in humans cause Warburg Micro Syndrome 1 (WARBM1), which is characterized by additional developmental defects compared to canine POANV, whereas Rab3gap1-deficient mice have a much milder phenotype than either humans or dogs. Thus, the RAB3GAP1 mutant Alaskan Huskies provide an interesting intermediate phenotype that may help to better understand the function of RAB3GAP1 in development. Furthermore, the identification of the presumed causative genetic variant will enable genetic testing to avoid the nonintentional breeding of affected dogs.
Developing communication skills through critical reading, creative writing, and speaking/Desarrollo de competencias comunicativas mediante la lectura crítica, escritura creativa y expresión oral. /
Authors: Sánchez Ortiz José Mauricio , Brito Guerra Nurys Esther 
Published: December 2015

El artículo de investigación describe la creación del Centro Permanente de Lectura Comprensiva, aula y taller creativo para estudiar el desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativas, el fortalecimiento de competencias lectoras, escriturales y orales; lo mismo que examinar el impulso de procesos interpretativos, argumentativos y propositivos en estudiantes de primer semestre de la Universidad de la Costa, ubicada en la ciudad de Barranquilla (Colombia). El problema de estudio analiza cómo perfeccionar las competencias lectoras, escriturales, y orales, y contribuir en el análisis para el mejoramiento del aprendizaje de las competencias comunicativas en los estudiantes de educación superior. Se empleó la metodología del diseño Mixto, donde se aprovechan las potencialidades cualitativas y cuantitativas como un complemento natural, minimizando sus debilidades individuales e incorporando procesos participativos, para que actores educativos reflexionen y asuman sus propios retos lecto-escriturales. Los resultados muestran que sólo al 32% de los estudiantes encuestados les gusta leer, 64% leían más en la web, 97% han leído un libro completo en toda su vida. Al 68% les gusta escribir; 44%, la ortografía les produce susto; y 66%, les disgusta hablar en público, por miedo e inseguridad personal.
The management styles in micro Empresa do departamento de boyaca. Análises desde suas motivacões e significados/Los estilos directivos en la micro y pequeña empresa del departamento de Boyacá. Análisis desde sus motivaciones y significados.
Authors: Suárez Pineda Marlén , Zambrano Vargas Sandra Milena 
Published: December 2015

La investigación “Motivaciones y significados de carácter cultural que se manifiestan en los estilos directivos de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de Boyacá”, tuvo como propósito hacer una aproximación al modelo mental que subyace al estilo de dirección de las micro y pequeñas empresas en el departamento de Boyacá, particularmente en la dimensión de motivaciones y significados respecto de las siguientes categorías: relación familia-empresa, relación Estado-empresa, cliente, trabajador, asociatividad, globalización y largo plazo. Mediante una investigación de tipo cualitativo que comprometió a 30 empresas de tamaño micro y pequeño, se encontró que los significados expresados respecto de estas siete variables influyen significativamente en su modelo, y que en consecuencia, la lectura que el gerente hace de los fenómenos de la empresa, guarda íntima relación con sus significados sobre las variables citadas.
Bioethanol Dehydration Process using NaOH-Activated Zeolite at Various Concentration and Zeolite Weight
Authors: Saidi David , Jannah Akyunul , Maunatin Anik 
Published: December 2015

<p>Utilization of molasses as basic material for producing bioethanol becomes one of the promising efforts to fulfill the demand of fuel and diminish the dependence upon fossil fuel that its availability is increasingly rare. However, ethanol produced from fermentation of molasses has low purity. The purity could be increased by using dehydration method and zeolite activated by NaOH and alum as alumina source. The research is aimed to know the dehydration process of bioethanol use NaOH-activated zeolite at various concentration and zeolite weight on the purification of bioethanol. In this research, the experiments could be categorized into 4 groups, they are activation of zeolite, fermentation, distillation, and dehydration process. Activation of natural zeolite performed by entering of sized 120-150 mesh zeolite powder was added to glass beaker that contains NaOH aqueous solution and followed by adding alum which took place at 80 ˚C for 8 hours and the final product calcinated at 600 ˚ C for 2 hour. Fermentation process was managed for 6 days and pH 5. Furthermore, bioethanol was separated by distillation method at 78,5 - 85 ˚C and followed by molecular sieve dehydration using zeolite activated by NaOH solution in variation of zeolite weight (30, 40 and 50 %) and NaOH concentration (1, 2, 3 dan 4 M). The amount of bioethanol was measured by gas chromatography method. Bioethanol concentration as fermentation product is 29,8 %. The result revealed that dehydration with 30% w.t zeolite activated by 2 M NaOH solution had the best activity in bioethanol purification with amount of bioethanol is 53,76 %, Increased Levels of Bioethanol (ILB) value is 80,39 % and Adsorption Capacity of Zeolite (ACZ) is 399,31 %.</p><p>Keywords: bioethanol, concentration of NaOH, dehydration, molasses, molecular sieve, weight of zeolite</p>
Potensi Ekstrak Kasar Teh Hitam (Camellia sinensis O.K. var. Assamica) sebagai Pewarna (Dye) pada Pembuatan Sela Surya Tersensitisasi (SSPT)
Authors: Deskawi Oki , Ningsih Rachmawati , Avisena Novi , Hastuti Erna 
Published: December 2015

<p class="normal">Has done research on the manufacture of dye sensitized solar cells by utilizing the crude extract of black tea <em>(Camellia sinensis</em> var O.K. <em>Assamica).</em> This study aims to determine the potential of black tea extract as a dye in dye sensitized solar cell manufacturing. This study includes several stages: sample preparation of black tea, black tea sample extraction in a mixture of acetic acid: methanol: distilled water (4:25:21), analysis of the crude extract of black tea using UV-Vis, color density analysis using a color reader<em>,</em> testing DSSC obtained by measuring voltages and currents strong produced under conditions halogen lamp illuminated with a light intensity of 4.488 Watt/m<sup>2,</sup> the identification number of the crude extract of pigments by TLC analytical. The results of the characterization black tea extract is flavonoids. That it contains theaflavins shown with a maximum wavelength 273 nm. Color of black tea using a color reader testing showed reddish yellow (orange) with the color density reached 78,3%. Voltage maximum and maximum current strength produced by 107,3 mV and 2.13 x 10 <sup>-3</sup> mA. The efficiency of the resulting solar cell system by 1,26 x 10 <sup>-2%.</sup> The results of the identification of the amount of pigment produced 8 spot with eluent ethyl acetate: formic acid: distilled water.</p><p class="BodyAbstract"> </p><strong><em>Keywords</em>:</strong> <em>Dye sensitized solar cells, dye (dye), theaflavin</em>
Synthesis of 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-Metoxyphenyil)-1-Phenyl-2-Propen-1-On and its Antioxidant Activity Assay using DPPH
Authors: Azizah Yuzkiya , Hanapi Ahmad , Adi Tri Kustono 
Published: December 2015

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p>3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one has been synthezed using aldol condensation reaction from vanillin. The research aims to incrase the potency of vanillin as antioxidant. The synthesis was carried out using reflux method at 70 °C for 1,5 hours at various moles between vanillin and acetophenone i.e. 1:1; 1:1,5; and 1,5:1. The products were characterized by TLC, FTIR, GC-MS and evaluated for their antioxidant potential using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The best product was obtained by various moles between vanillin and acetophenone at 1:1,5 as a bright yellow solid with a melting point at 65 °C; 76.56 % yield; and 87.02 % purities, with IC<sub>50</sub> of the product is 0.179 mM.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><em><strong>Keywords: </strong>aldol condensation, antioxidant, vanillin</em>
Oil Extraction from Rice Bran with Various Solvents and Concentration of Crude Extract to Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Suryadinata Arief 
Published: December 2015

<p>Rice bran contains components such as oryzanol antioxidants, tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytosterols, polyphenols, and squalene. Oryzanol is a very powerful antioxidant and oryzanol is only found in rice bran oil. This research aims to know the antioxidant activity of the extract chloroform:methanol in the bran and find the endurance of antioxidant against a wide variety of pH and temperature. The method used is descriptive research through experimental tests in the laboratory. Samples taken from the side of rice mills in the form of bran and then macerated with chloroform: methanol. After that tested the antioxidant activity of the compounds made by the method of DPPH with various concentration 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm. Furthermore, the endurance test of antioxidant compounds at various pH and temperature using the best concentration of antioxidant compounds. Based on the results, rice bran oil extract concentration of 50 ppm has antioxidant activity of 4.69%. Average yield the highest antioxidant activity shown in heating conditions with a temperature of 30oC for 30 minutes is equal to 32.25%. As well as the highest antioxidant activity was also shown at pH 5 in the amount of 25.1%.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Keywords:</strong><strong> </strong>DPPH, Oryzanol, Rice bran</em></p>
Balls, cups, and quasi‐potentials: quantifying stability in stochastic systems
Authors: Nolting Ben C. , Abbott Karen C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWhen a system has more than one stable state, how can the stability of these states be compared? This deceptively simple question has important consequences for ecosystems, because systems with alternative stable states can undergo dramatic regime shifts. The probability, frequency, duration, and dynamics of these shifts will all depend on the relative stability of the stable states. Unfortunately, the concept of “stability” in ecology has suffered from substantial confusion and this is particularly problematic for systems where stochastic perturbations can cause shifts between coexisting alternative stable states. A useful way to visualize stable states in stochastic systems is with a ball‐in‐cup‐diagram, in which the state of the system is represented as the position of a ball rolling on a surface, and the random perturbations can push the ball from one basin of attraction to another. The surface is determined by a potential function, which provides a natural stability metric. Systems amenable to this representation, called gradient systems, are quite rare, however. As a result, the potential function is not widely used and other approaches based on linear stability analysis have become standard. Linear stability analysis is designed for local analysis of deterministic systems and, as we show, can produce a highly misleading picture of how the system will behave under continual, stochastic perturbations. In this paper, we show how the potential function can be generalized so that it can be applied broadly, employing a concept from stochastic analysis called the quasi‐potential. Using three classic ecological models, we demonstrate that the quasi‐potential provides a useful way to quantify stability in stochastic systems. We show that the quasi‐potential framework helps clarify long‐standing confusion about stability in stochastic ecological systems, and we argue that ecologists should adopt it as a practical tool for analyzing these systems.
Genetically Mediated Changes in the Grain Quality of Single‐Cross Maize Hybrids Grown in China
Authors: Li Yong‐Xiang , Li Yu , Ma Xinglin , Liu Cheng , Shi Yunsu , Song Yanchun , Zhang Dengfeng , Smith Stephen , Wang Tianyu 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTWe compared the grain quality of Chinese single‐cross maize (Zea mays L.) initially released during the 1960s to 2000s, their parental inbreds, and a set of U.S. hybrids released during the 1960s and 2000s. Chinese hybrids showed lower starch concentrations and higher oil and protein concentrations compared with U.S. hybrids. Chinese hybrids showed a decadal increase of 0.81% in starch concentration, whereas U.S. hybrids showed an increase of 0.57%. Grain quality concentrations of Chinese hybrids exhibited more significant interactions with either planting density or with planting density × environment than did U.S. hybrids. Concentrations of oil, protein, and lysine decreased for Chinese hybrids, which coincided with the introduction and extensive use in China of U.S. maize germplasm during the 1970s and 1980s. Chinese hybrids released during the 1990s had similar kernel compositions to the U.S. hybrids. The kernel quality composition of Chinese hybrids and their mean parent values showed very similar trends during the 1960s to 2000s. Selection for high grain quality parental inbred lines in addition to selection for yield per se will be required if it is deemed important to elevate the grain quality attributes of Chinese maize hybrids.