bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective, Observational Study on Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalized Pediatric Cancer Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Khajuria Nancy , Menia Nikhil , Gupta Seema 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose a major health concern worldwide, especially in paediatric oncology where unlicensed or off-label drugs are commonly used. These reactions can have a significant impact on the quality of treatment and the safety of patients, particularly in vulnerable paediatric populations.

Aims and Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to examine the occurrence and characteristics of chemotherapy-related adverse drug reactions in children with cancer at a teaching hospital specialising in advanced medical care. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate the intensity and cause of these reactions by utilising the NARANJO probability scale and other assessment instruments.

Materials and Methods:
During a three-month period, we conducted a study at SMGS Jammu, in collaboration with GMC Jammu’s Pharmacology Department. The study was observational in nature and followed a prospective approach. The study included 45 children undergoing chemotherapy, utilising both spontaneous and intensive monitoring systems to report and analyse adverse drug reactions. We conducted statistical analysis using Chi-Square and Fisher Exact tests.

Results:
Among the 45 patients included in the study, 20 individuals (44.44%) experienced adverse drug reactions (ADRs), with a higher prevalence observed among female patients (55%). Fever and vomiting were the most common adverse drug reactions observed, with most of them being classified as moderate in severity based on the Modified Hartwig and Siegel Scale. Commonly linked medications to adverse drug reactions include Methotrexate, Vincristine, L-asparaginase, and Cytarabine. There was no significant statistical link discovered between different categories of anticancer drugs and adverse drug reactions.

Conclusion:
this study highlights the prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children undergoing chemotherapy, particularly in those receiving treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The findings emphasise the significant impact of ADRs on these patients. It is of utmost importance to closely monitor and manage adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in paediatric oncology, emphasising the importance of implementing improved drug safety measures.
Asthma and Atopic Diseases in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Saad Khaled , Ezzat Mohamed , Elhoufey Amira , Ahmed Mahmoud Elsaeed , Al-Atram Abdulrahman A. , Fageeh Mohsen M. , Hamed Yasser 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and atopic diseases are prevalent conditions affecting numerous children globally, with rising incidence rates. While both environmental and genetic factors are involved, the precise cause of this rise remains elusive. This study aims to assess the frequencies of atopic diseases in a cohort of Egyptian children with ASD.

Patients and Methods:
We employed a survey consisting of 23 points relating to atopic conditions, which were modified from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Parents of all participants with ASD and controls completed the questionnaires.

Results:
Our study included 150 ASD and 100 control children. All allergic diseases were significantly higher in ASD patients except food allergy.

Conclusion:
Allergic diseases are complex conditions influenced by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors, which play pivotal roles in their development. Our investigation has revealed a heightened prevalence of allergic diseases alongside ASD, reinforcing the link between ASD and allergic conditions. Hence, further comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to thoroughly assess and validate these findings.
Doxycycline Proniosomal Gel as Local Drug Delivery System in Periodontal Disease: A Vitro Study
Authors: Mody Dhawal Rajendra , Lathiya Vrushali , Kolte Abhay P. , Biradar Vaishnavi , Langde Vaishnavi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of the oral cavity in which microorganisms play a significant role in the pathogenesis and onset. The host immune system starts as an inflammatory process in response to microbial attack that protects and kills the periodontium. Doxycycline is a semi-synthetic variant of tetracycline that is made from oxytetracycline. Doxycycline inhibits the production of both aerobic and anaerobic microbial protein through its potent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Materials and Methods:
The preparation method of doxycycline proniosomal gel involved accurately weighing doxycycline and all excipients (12 Batches). Doxycycline was mixed with 1 ml of ethanol, and all the excipients, like surfactant, lecithin, cholesterol, were added in precisely weighed amounts. The characterization of proniosomal gel and determination of drug entrapment efficacy is calculated.

Result:
Doxycycline release from the doxycycline proniosomal gel (Batch F12) was studied using Franz diffusion cell assembly with dialysis membrane for 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline (7.4) indicated sustained release of doxycycline from the formulation.

Conclusion:
Proniosome containing doxycycline may therefore be a locally effective drug delivery method for treating periodontitis. Current in vitro study is mainly focused on preparation of proniosomal gel containing doxycycline as local drug delivery system in periodontal disease.
Impact of Occlusal Schemes on Implant-Supported Overdentures
Authors: Kuriakose Rene , Nair Achuthan , Bamigdad Malak S. , Pai Deepika R. , Rahman Nadeem A. , Paul Lino 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The occlusal scheme is a crucial factor in the success and patient satisfaction of implant-supported overdentures. Different occlusal schemes, such as balanced, lingualized, and monoplane occlusion, can influence the functional and biomechanical outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 edentulous patients who received mandibular implant-supported overdentures. The patients were divided into three groups based on the occlusal scheme: Group A (balanced occlusion), Group B (lingualized occlusion), and Group C (monoplane occlusion), with 20 patients in each group. All patients received two implants in the mandibular canine regions. The overdentures were fabricated and adjusted according to the assigned occlusal scheme. Clinical assessments, including bite force measurement and masticatory efficiency, were performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-insertion. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a validated questionnaire.

Results:
At 6 months, Group A (balanced occlusion) exhibited the highest mean bite force (200 N ± 20), followed by Group B (lingualized occlusion) with 180 N ± 15, and Group C (monoplane occlusion) with 160 N ± 10. Masticatory efficiency was significantly higher in Group A (80% ± 5) compared to Group B (75% ± 4) and Group C (70% ± 3). Patient satisfaction scores were highest in Group A (9.0 ± 0.5), followed by Group B (8.5 ± 0.4) and Group C (8.0 ± 0.3). There were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of bite force, masticatory efficiency, and patient satisfaction (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Balanced occlusion provided superior functional outcomes and higher patient satisfaction for implant-supported overdentures compared to lingualized and monoplane occlusion schemes.
An Overview of Avascular Necrosis of the Hip in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Ocloo Agbeko K. , Kwafo-Armah Abena , Lartey Samuel Quarshie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a devastating complication of sickle cell disease characterised by hip pain and dysfunction. The prevalence of this condition in patients with sickle cell disease in Ghana is unknown.

Objectives:
This study aims to look at the demographics of sickle cell disease patients presenting with AVN, the pattern of the disease on presentation, and the severity of the disease.

Materials and Methods:
Data were collected from patients referred to the Orthopaedic clinic over three years. Data collection forms were created and filled out for all patients. Analysis was done with Microsoft Excel (Windows 10 version), and the ensuing data were represented with descriptive statistics such as proportions, ratios, percentages, tables, and histograms.

Results:
A total of 134 patients were seen over a 3-year study period. The vast majority, 109 (85.3%), were below 40 years of age. The sex distribution of the patients was predominantly female (78%). Genotype SS was in the majority (89), representing (66.4%).
The majority of the patients, 104 (77.6%), were regular attendees of the Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics or other specialised sickle cell disease clinics. The main reason for referral was on account of X-ray changes seen by the referring doctor (90, 67.1%). Unilateral disease was seen in 94 (70%) patients. Seventy (52.2%) presented with stage III disease, and 42 (31%) had symptoms for more than 2 years.

Conclusions:
Most of our patients were young, predominantly with genotype SS. They presented late with advanced disease stages and were referred to the orthopaedic clinic only after X-ray changes were seen.
Aetiology and Feasibility of Endoscopic Interventions for Massive Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Makurdi, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Omolabake Bamidele Israel , Iwuozo Emmanuel , Abi Innocent , Oche Joseph O. , Ochoga Martha , Ashinze Lewis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a life-threatening emergency with high mortality. Emergency upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, endotherapy, interventional radiology, and surgery are necessary to control the bleeding source and restore normal physiology. However, these interventions are suboptimal in most centres in Nigeria, contributing to the dismal mortality observed in this condition.

Objectives & Methodology:
We aimed to determine the aetiology, feasibility of endoscopic intervention, and outcome of management of massive UGIB in Madonna Hospital, Makurdi, over a 30-month-period by retrospectively reviewing the medical and procedural records of patients presenting with hypotension from an endoscopically diagnosed upper GI bleeding source.

Result:
A total of 39 patients were identified, with a mean age of 49.3 ± 17.7 years. Among them, 27 were males (69.2%) and 12 were females (30.8%). Bleeding peptic ulcers were the cause of massive UGIB in 21 cases (53.8%), followed by variceal bleeding, observed in 10 (25.6%) cases. Most of these cases were amenable to endoscopic treatment using adrenaline injection, endoclips, endoscopic variceal band ligation, and diathermy fulguration. Thirty-three (84.6%) patients survived, while the in-hospital mortality following initial endoscopic intervention was 6 out of 39 patients (15.4%), which is comparable to figures from more advanced climes.

Conclusion & Recommendation:
Endoscopic management of massive UGIB is feasible in a low-resource setting. However, timely access to emergency endoscopy is vital to reduce mortality. Strategies to reduce risk factors for peptic ulcers and oesophageal varices are necessary to reduce the incidence of massive UGIB in Makurdi, Nigeria.
Pattern of Road Traffic Injuries Presenting at a Tertiary Hospital in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi Gabriel Oluwatosin , Udeogu Kosisochukwu Elijah , Onyemaechi Ndubuisi Onu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Road traffic injuries (RTIs) constitute a major economic and health challenge globally, particularly in developing countries. Nasarawa state, north-central Nigeria, is heavily motorised due to the use of motorcycles as a popular means of transportation. The study aims to determine the pattern and prevalence of RTIs within the state.

Materials and Methods:
A 6-year retrospective study was conducted at the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital (DASH) in Lafia, Nasarawa state. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients admitted with RTIs at the hospital and were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.

Results:
A total of 929 patients with 1307 injuries were reported. There were 518 (55.8%) males and 411 (44.2%) females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. The age of the patients ranged from 1–85 years, with a mean age of 30 ± 20 years. Young adults aged 18–44 years constituted the most injured age group. Motorcycle-related crashes accounted for injuries in 530 (57.1%) patients. These injuries were predominantly traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and extremity injuries. The body region most affected was the head and face (560, 42.8%), with traumatic brain injuries (448, 32.7%) being the most common type. After treatment, most patients (571, 61.5%) were discharged home, while the mortality rate was 2.4%.

Conclusion:
In our study, motorcycle-related crashes were prevalent. Young adult males were mostly the victims of RTIs. Traumatic brain injuries and extremity injuries were the predominant types of injuries, often associated with motorcycle and pedestrian crashes. Multisystem injuries and TBIs were major factors contributing to mortality.
The twisted second moment of modular half-integral weight $L$-functions
Authors: Dunn Alexander , Zaharescu Alexandru 
Published: September 2024

Given a half-integral weight holomorphic Kohnen newform

f

on

\Gamma_{0}(4)

, we prove an asymptotic formula for large primes

p

with power saving error term for

\def\starexponent{\hspace*{-9.5pt}\vphantom{\sum}^*\hspace*{6.5pt}}
\sum_{\chi \pmod{p}}\starexponent| L(1/2,f,\chi) |^{2}.

Our result is unconditional, it does not rely on the Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture for the form

f

. This gives a very sharp Lindelöf-on-average result for Dirichlet series attached to Hecke eigenforms without an Euler product. The Lindelöf hypothesis for such series was originally conjectured by Hoffstein. There are two main inputs. The first is a careful spectral analysis of a highly unbalanced shifted convolution problem involving the Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight forms. The second input is a bound for sums of products of Salié sums in the Pólya–Vinogradov range. Half-integrality is fully exploited to establish such an estimate. We use the closed form evaluation of the Salié sum to relate our problem to the sequence

\alpha n^{2} \pmod{1}

. Our treatment of this sequence is inspired by work of Rudnick–Sarnak and the second author on the local spacings of

\alpha n^{2}

modulo 1.
Compost, a natural fertilizer to improve pearl millet [<i>Pennisetum glaucum </i>(L.) R. br.] growth and its productivity in the Sahel (south-eastern Niger): an experiment to convince small producers to manage their soil sustainably
Authors: Assane Maigari Malam , Magagi Ali Siradji , Bodo Bachirou Seyni , Mahamane Ali , Marin Beatrice , Morvan Xavier , Guillaneuf Alexandra , Fronteau Gilles 
Published: September 2024

In the Sahel, millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is one of the main cereals cultivated as rain-fed crops, predominantly by vulnerable small producers, on poor soils leading to increasingly low growth and production. The aim of this work was to increase millet production by using organic manure (compost) at low cost (accessible to all) and respectful of the environment. The methodology used was participatory (with producers) and consisted of monitoring the growth and yield parameters of two varieties (local and improved) of millet by applying three doses of compost: low dose (1 tha-1 ), medium dose (3 tha-1 ) and high dose (5 tha-1 ) with a control (without compost). The results showed that millet achieves most of its growth in height before the 71st day after sowing. The high dose of compost increased the height of the millet plants by more than 22 cm and the number of tillers by more than 17% compared to the control. The variety of millet did not directly affect plant height and number of tillers. The high dose of compost increased the yield by more than 44% and the dry matter by more than 37% compared to the control. The yield of the improved millet variety increased by more than 32% compared to the local variety. The local variety had an increase in dry matter of more than 11% compared to the improved variety. The study helped convince several producers to accept the use of compost. Its large-scale extension, in producers' fields, could convince those who are reluctant to adopt innovation.
Etude socio-économique, environnementale et fonctionnelle de la chaîne de valeur poisson dans le Bassin Central du Chari au Tchad
Authors: Ndoazen Akwada , Mangar Patrick , Sobdibe Pazanre Yves , Micha Jean-Claude 
Published: September 2024

La pêche est une source vitale de protéines, de revenu et contribue de manière significative à la sécurité alimentaire tout en créant des emplois informels dans les zones rurales. Cependant, l’industrie souffre au Tchad, depuis plusieurs années d’un manque de recherche et de données fiables. L’étude avait pour but de promouvoir le développement durable à toutes les étapes de la chaîne d'approvisionnement de l'industrie de la pêche au Tchad. L’objectif de l'étude consistait à assurer le bien-être des communautés locales et d’améliorer la gestion des zones humides. L'analyse fonctionnelle a montré une révolution récente des organisations travaillant à restaurer les stocks de poissons par la protection des pêcheries, qui a commencé dans le Barh-koh et a fini par s'étendre le long du fleuve Chari et du Barh-keita. Le groupe d’âge le plus courant parmi les pêcheurs est comprise entre 26 à 35 ans, suivi par ceux de 36 à 45 ans. Le taux d'intérêt net est compris entre 0,70 et 1,5% et la valeur ajoutée était inégalement répartie. La pêche contribue à l’épuisement des ressources halieutiques et à la destruction des frayères (45,54%) en raison des techniques de pêche prohibée. Des efforts doivent être faits pour contribuer à la durabilité du secteur.
Contrôle de la qualité microbiologique des aliments de la rue vendus dans le milieu scolaire à Niamey (Niger)
Authors: Yaou Chaibou , Ali Mahamadou Aboubacar , Lewamy Mamadou , Sadou Hassimi 
Published: September 2024

L’accès à une alimentation saine en milieu scolaire est extrêmement important, surtout dans les pays en développement comme le Niger. Les collations dans les écoles permettent aux écoliers de mieux s’alimenter. Cependant, les lacunes en matière de salubrité entourant la préparation et la vente des aliments entrainent de grands risques pour la santé des écoliers. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la qualité hygiénique des aliments vendus dans les écoles de Niamey. La collecte des échantillons s’était déroulée auprès de 60 vendeurs au sein de 20 écoles de l’arrondissement communal Niamey V entre mars et avril 2022. Le niveau de salubrité et d’hygiène a été évalué selon une grille de questionnaires. La qualité microbiologique des aliments a été évaluée à partir des analyses des paramètres microbiologiques. La vente d’aliments était exercée surtout par les femmes (95%) et l’âge moyen de vendeurs était de 40,73 ±11,53 ans et près de la moitié (43,3%) n’étaient pas scolarisés. La majorité des vendeurs utilisait des tables insalubres (77,8%). Les aliments étaient souvent exposés au soleil et à l’air libre (96,7%). Quant aux habits et à l’hygiène des vendeurs, la plupart portaient leur tenue habituelle (98,3%) et le lavage des mains n’était pas régulier. Pour l’analyse microbiologique, 100% des échantillons étaient non satisfaisants pour la Flore Aérobie Mésophile Totale, Coliformes Totaux, Coliformes Thermotolérants et staphylocoque; en effet, 23,3% et 35% des échantillons étaient non conformes respectivement pour salmonelles et Escherichia coli. Les conditions d’hygiène dans lesquelles les aliments vendus dans les écoles étaient non satisfaisantes et les charges microbiennes observées pourraient être dommageables à la santé des écoliers.
Effets de l’utilisation des écrans comme support pour la mémorisation d’informations nouvelles : évaluation de la mémoire de travail
Authors: Ouattara Yacouba , Doubran Prisca Joelle Djoman , Yao Koffi Mathias , Ouattara Soualiho 
Published: September 2024

La mémoire de travail joue un rôle central dans la cognition et sa capacité est le meilleur prédicteur des performances dans les activités cognitives complexes et les apprentissages. Cette étude visait à évaluer et à comprendre les effets de l’utilisation des écrans sur cette mémoire en situation d’apprentissage. À cette fin, une évaluation de la mémoire de travail visuospatiale a été réalisée au moyen d’épreuves d’évocation d’objets familiers. Cent étudiants, répartis en quatre groupes, ont participé aux expériences. Dans les différentes expériences, les performances des sujets ayant effectué l’apprentissage avec écran ont été comparées à celles des sujets ayant appris sans écran. Les résultats ont montré que les différences de performance n'étaient pas significatives entre les différents groupes. Il ressort donc, de cette étude, que les sujets apprennent de la même façon, quel que soit le moyen d’apprentissage utilisé (avec écran ou sans écran). Ainsi, l’utilisation des écrans pour l’apprentissage n’a pas d’impact significatif sur la mémoire de travail.
Infestation des chevaux et ânes par les parasites gastro-intestinaux à Bambey (Sénégal) : examens coprologiques réalisés à la clinique vétérinaire de l’ISFAR, Université Alioune Diop
Authors: Badji Alkaly , Kane Ousmane , Thior Yakhya El Hadji , Faye Awa , Diop Thierno , Ndiaye Adama , Faye Abdoulaye 
Published: September 2024

Les infestations par les parasites gastro-intestinaux chez les animaux domestiques sont de plus en plus fréquentes et entrainent des pertes économiques non négligeables. Elles sont souvent négligées, voir ignorées, surtout chez les équidés au Sénégal. C’est dans ce contexte que cette étude a été effectuée dans la période allant d’octobre 2021 à février 2023 sur des chevaux et ânes de trait de Bambey. Des examens de coprologie ont été réalisés à partir de prélèvements de fèces de sujets reçus à la clinique vétérinaire de l’Institut Supérieur de Formation Agricole et Rurale (ISFAR) pour une consultation. Ainsi, les résultats obtenus ont révélé un indice d’infestation globale de 72%. Les Strongles étaient les plus observés suivis par les Parascaris sp et les Anoplocephala sp. Les ânes étaient plus parasités que les chevaux. Concernant ces derniers, 69,46% ont excrété des œufs de strongle dans leurs fèces et parmi ceux-ci, 79,31% avaient un OPG>600. Par ailleurs, 58,62% des chevaux positifs ont été reçus à la Clinique Vétérinaire en mai, juin et juillet contre 41,38% en janvier, février, mars et avril. En effet, un déficit alimentaire chez les chevaux était observé à la fin de la saison sèche qui correspond aux mois de mai, juin et juillet dans cette localité. A cette période, les chevaux étaient sous-alimentés, ce qui favoriserait une dépression du système immunitaire et le développement des vers digestifs. Ainsi, un traitement ciblant les femelles et les jeunes chevaux au cours des mois de mai, juin et juillet permettrait de lutter plus efficacement contre les strongles dans cette localité.