bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage with surgery, compared to surgery alone, for patients diagnosed with gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Adil Mariam , Ghori Dua , Anwar Eman , Shaukat Maryam , Malik Muhammad T.H. , Murtaza Dua A. , Sumra Khadija A. , Essani Rabia , Nizami Urooj , Khan Bakhtawer N. , Abid Hunaina , Oduoye Malik Olatunde 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the seventh most prevalent overall. The lifetime risk of developing gastric cancer is 1.87% for males and 0.79% for females worldwide.

Aim:
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage (EIPL) provides short-term benefits or improved survival outcomes for patients undergoing gastrectomy.

Methods:
A comprehensive search spanned PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, and Web of Science, from their inception up to October 2023, adhering to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was analyzed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Data analysis was done using Review Manager 5.3, utilizing a random-effects model.

Results:
Our analysis incorporated seven randomized controlled trials with 2602 patients. The follow-up time for all outcomes varied from 30–60 months. For our primary outcomes, EIPL demonstrated a significant benefit over surgery alone in terms of recurrence (RR=0.73; 95% CI: 0.65–0.83, P<0.00001) and postoperative complications (RR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.51–0.87, P=0.003). For our secondary outcomes, postoperative hospital stay (MD=−0.35; 95% CI: −1.11 to 0.41; P=0.37), 3-year overall survival (OR=1.44; 95% CI: 0.84–2.47; P=0.19), 3-year disease-free survival (HR=0.93; 95% CI: 0.78–1.13; P=0.48), and time to first flatus (MD=−0.17; 95% CI: −0.35 to 0.01; P=0.06), no statistically significant differences were observed between the EIPL and control groups.

Conclusion:
While there is a marginal difference in survival outcomes, EIPL holds promise in significantly reducing overall cancer recurrence and suggests an enhancement in postoperative recovery.
Indications for diagnostic whole-body iodine scan: a review of guidelines
Authors: Askari Emran , Saidi Bahare , Evangelista Laura 
Published: September 2024

Objectives
Here, we have compiled all key statements derived from these guidelines and delved into details on which scenarios the diagnostic whole-body iodine scan (DxWBIS) might be useful.

Methods
We identified all relevant guidelines by searching the MEDLINE/PubMed databases, Google Scholar, and Ovid from 2006 onwards using keywords related to DxWBIS, RxWBIS, iodine scintigraphy, and iodine scan. We excluded case reports/series, original articles, and clinical trials while including guidelines or consensus opinions. Additionally, we reviewed existing literature to ensure no guidelines were overlooked.

Results
Overall, 23 relevant guidelines or consensus opinions discussed their views on the role of DxWBIS. Different indications for DxWBIS have been largely discussed in the last few years. However, the role of DxWBIS has been well established after treatment with 131I, with still limited evidence in the other clinical assessments.

Conclusions
Most guidelines find DxWBIS appealing for higher-risk patients, particularly those with a chance of recurrence; additional well-designed studies are required to address further indications.
Partner Characteristics and HIV Outcomes Among Partners Reached by Phone Versus In-Person for Assisted Partner Services in Western Kenya
Authors: Roy Paladhi Unmesha , Kariithi Edward , Otieno George , Hughes James P. , Lagat Harison , Sharma Monisha , Masyuko Sarah , Macharia Paul , Bosire Rose , Mugambi Mary , Farquhar Carey , Katz David A. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Assisted partner services (APS) is an effective strategy for testing people with undiagnosed HIV, but there is limited information on the relative reach and effectiveness of phone versus in-person contact.

Methods
We analyzed data from 31 facilities in Western Kenya providing APS to female index clients newly HIV diagnosed, their male partners, and female partners of men newly HIV diagnosed. Assisted partner services providers attempted contacting partners using phone first and, if unsuccessful, in-person in the community. Using log-linear mixed models, we estimated relative risks (RRs) between phone being the final contact method and partner characteristics and HIV outcomes.

Results
From May 2018 to March 2020, 2534 female index clients named 7614 male partners, of whom 772 (10.1%) tested positive and named an additional 4956 non-index female partners. Of 11,912 (94.7%) partners reached, 5179 (43.5%) were via phone and 6733 (56.5%) in-person. Of 8076 testing-eligible partners, 99.7% tested and 11.2% first-time tested. Of those tested, 13.1% were newly diagnosed, of whom 87.0% linked to care. Newly diagnosed partners were less likely to have been reached by phone versus in-person (9.8% vs. 15.9%; adjusted relative risk, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.70). Being reached by phone was not significantly associated with testing, first-time testing, or linkage to care.

Conclusions
In an APS program that reached 94% of elicited partners, fewer than half were successfully contacted by phone. A combined phone and in-person approach is likely essential for equitable, effective APS.
Pelvic and Perineal Reconstruction
Authors: Shahzad Farooq , Ray Edward 
Published: September 2024

Learning Objectives:
After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Classify types of bony pelvic resections. 2. Outline reconstructive options for pelvic and perineal defects. 3. Identify advantages and drawbacks of various reconstructive techniques. 4. Recognize the functional benefits of bony and soft-tissue reconstruction.

Summary:
Defects of the pelvis and perineum arise from tumors, trauma, infection, congenital differences, and gender incongruence. Pelvic resections can result in bony instability and soft-tissue deficiency. The goals of reconstruction are maintenance of spinopelvic continuity, elimination of dead space, resurfacing of cutaneous defects, and prevention of hernias. Perineal reconstruction has important functional considerations. Abdominoperineal resection and pelvic exenteration defects benefit from flap reconstruction to decrease pelvic wound complications. Vulvovaginal reconstruction is performed with flaps from the perineum, thigh, or abdomen. Scrotal and superficial penile defects are most commonly reconstructed with scrotal flaps and skin grafts. Total penile reconstruction most commonly uses a radial forearm free flap.
Evolving Surgical Techniques for Tessier Clefts Number 3 and 4
Authors: Rashid Mamoon , Malik Sakina , Sarwar Saad ur Rehman , Qazi Uzair A. , Salahuddin Omer , Khan Muhammad Ibrahim , Malik Saleem A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Tessier cleft types 3 and 4 are exceptionally rare even within the ambit of rare craniofacial clefts, with very few reported cases worldwide, particularly in the bilateral forms. This rarity combined with the absence of standardized management guidelines poses significant technical challenges for plastic surgeons and suboptimal surgery can leave patients with substantial facial deformity and stigma. In this study, the authors have presented the management guidelines for the repair of these clefts and have discussed some of the cases in detail. The senior author has operated on 15 clefts in 11 patients (4 bilateral). The strategy employed includes components of the techniques described by Longaker and colleagues and Giglio and colleagues. This includes rotation and advancement of lateral cheek flaps and use of naso-jugal flaps. This modified technique incorporates the use of a nasojugal flap for lower eyelid reconstruction, a cheek rotation flap tocover the medial cheeek defect, closure of alveolar cleft with the use of mucoperiosteal flaps and repair of the lip by principles described by Millard. These modifications keep the scars along the facial esthetic units thus achieving better esthetic outcomes. The authors have utilised this technique for both type 3 and 4 clefts with the addition of a glabellar flap in some cases of Tessier No. 3 clefts. Most of these cases were operated on before 6 months of age and the average follow-up time was 28 months after surgery.

Conclusion:
Management of craniofacial clefts has evolved. Due to the rarity of craniofacial clefts, surgical development in this regard is slow and complex. The authors invite the plastic surgery fraternity to apply their technique in the repair of these clefts and recommend giving feedback by conducting further studies to assess this technique’s feasibility, versatility, and cosmetic outcome.
Incidence of Pressure Injuries in Patients at Risk Using a Powered Alternating Pressure Air Mattress
Authors: Meaume Sylvie , Urbinelli Renaud , Marty Marc 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE:
The aim of the study was to determine the clinical value of using a powered alternating pressure air mattress (P-APAM) in the prevention of pressure injury (PI) in patients at medium to high risk.

DESIGN:
Noncomparative, observational study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 86 patients who were >18 years old, were classified as having medium to high risk of PI, had no PI at baseline, and were lying more than 15 hours a day on a specific P-APAM. Data were collected between September 2018 and July 2019, in 4 nursing homes, and 1 long-term care geriatrics hospital department in France.

METHODS:
In addition to guideline-based care for PI prevention, patients were followed up for 35 days following placement on the P-APAM. The main outcome was the percentage of patients who developed between day 0 and day 35 at least 1 PI of at least stage 2 on the sacrum, spine, or heel. Secondary outcomes were patient assessments of comfort, caregiver satisfaction, mattress noise level, and mattress safety.

RESULTS:
No patients experienced a PI (incidence = 0%; 95% confidence interval, 0.00%-4.28%). Patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the mattress in most cases in terms of comfort (77.9%) and stability (73.0%). Patients also rated the noise level of the mattress as satisfactory or very satisfactory in all cases (100%).

CONCLUSION:
When combined with guideline-based PI prevention measures, use of the P-APAM was associated with a low incidence of PI.
Nursing Care of Patients Managed With a Defunctioning Tube Ileostomy
Authors: Wang Feixia , Wang Qunmin , Li Xia , Wang Qin , Hua Hanju , Zhong Zifeng 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to describe nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery to create a spontaneously closed defunctioning tube ileostomy after low anterior resection.

DESIGN:
Exploratory, descriptive study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTINGS:
Data were collected from 6 registered nurses specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Care (WOC nurses). The patient cohort comprised 247 hospitalized patients with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer who underwent low anterior resection of the rectum and creation of a closed defunctioning tube ileostomy. The study setting was the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.

METHODS:
Semi-structured interviews and content analysis were used to collect and analyze data. The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Care nurses visited patient participants 1 week after hospital discharge and 1 to 2 times per week until the cannula was removed and the ostomy wound closed. Data were collected over a 6-month span after the surgery from January 2016 to December 2018.

RESULTS:
Content analysis identified 7 management strategies unique to caring for patients with a closed defunctioning tube ileostomy. They are: (1) cannula fixation (securement); (2) maintaining inflation of the cannular balloon to prevent fecal flow into the distal bowel, (3) cannular patency, (4) dietary advice for prevention of cannular blockage, (5) selecting an ostomy pouching system, (6) patient education, and (7) care during and following cannula removal (extubation).

CONCLUSIONS:
We identified 7 areas of nursing care unique to the closed defunctioning tube ileostomy that provide a basis for creating clinical guidelines for patients undergoing this procedure.
Infrared Thermometry and Thermography in Detecting Skin Temperature Variations to Predict Venous Leg Ulcer Reulceration
Authors: Kelechi Teresa J. , Prentice Margie , Mueller Martina , Madisetti Mohan 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
We aimed to determine whether monitoring skin temperature (Tsk) over recently healed venous leg ulcers (VLUs) can provide an objective approach to predicting reulceration. The cases presented in this article were part of a larger, multisite, 6-month randomized clinical trial of a cooling intervention to prevent ulcer recurrence among patients with chronic venous disease (CVD) and with recently healed VLUs.

CASES:
We report a series of four patients with CVD, three experienced VLU reulceration, and one case remained free of recurrence. Assessments of recurrence likelihood is based on daily patient Tsk self-reports using a handheld infrared (IR) thermometer and clinic visits using a combination digital and long-wave IR camera. All three cases with reulceration demonstrate a persistent 2°C above baseline average Tsk increase and a “dip-and-spike” pattern from −3°C to +5°C for several days prior to reulceration. In contrast, the patient who remained free of VLU recurrence showed a stable pattern of Tsk with minimal daily fluctuations. Thermal images showed Tsk of the affected extremity is warmer compared with the contralateral limb and increased between visits when ulcers recurred.

CONCLUSION:
Using IR devices to monitor Tsk among patients with CVD at risk of reulceration is an objective and reliable approach to detect changes over time. Consistent Tsk elevation over the affected area as compared to the contralateral limb and a “dip-and-spike” pattern may predict reulceration. Infrared devices showed effectiveness in detecting changes indicative of Tsk changes in recently healed leg skin over scar tissue after VLU healing.
A Machine Learning-Based Investigation of Integrin Expression Patterns in Cancer and Metastasis
Authors: Shadman Hossain , Gomrok Saghar , Cheng Qianyi , Jiang Yu , Huang Xiaohua , Ziebarth Jesse D. , Wang Yongmei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntegrins, a family of transmembrane receptor proteins, play complex roles in cancer development and metastasis. These roles could be better delineated through machine learning of transcriptomic data to reveal relationships between integrin expression patterns and cancer.MethodsWe collected publicly available RNA-Seq integrin expression from 8 healthy tissues and their corresponding tumors, along with data from metastatic breast cancer. We then used machine learning methods, including t-SNE visualization and Random Forest classification, to investigate changes in integrin expression patterns.ResultsIntegrin expression varied across tissues and cancers, and between healthy and cancer samples from the same tissue, enabling the creation of models that classify samples by tissue or disease status. The integrins whose expression was important to these classifiers were identified. For example, ITGA7 was key to classification of breast samples by disease status. Analysis in breast tissue revealed that cancer rewires co-expression for most integrins, but the co-expression relationships of some integrins remain unchanged in healthy and cancer samples. Integrin expression in primary breast tumors differed from their metastases, with liver metastasis notably having reduced expression.ConclusionsIntegrin expression patterns vary widely across tissues and are greatly impacted by cancer. Machine learning of these patterns can effectively distinguish samples by tissue or disease status.
Trait-dependent biogeography offers insights on the dispersal ofMeiogyne(Annonaceae) across the Australasia-Pacific region
Authors: Liu Ming-Fai , Munzinger Jérôme , Chalermglin Piya , Chen Junhao , Xue Bine , Saunders Richard M. K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMeiogyneis a genus of trees and treelets occurring in Indomalaya and Australasia-Pacific, an unusually wide distribution across Australasia and Western Pacific compared to the rest of the family Annonaceae. Previous chloroplast phylogenies of the genus offered poor resolution and support for many internal nodes. Here, a molecular phylogeny was reconstructed based on seven chloroplast and 11 nuclear markers of 33Meiogynetaxa (ca.70% sampling). The combined dataset generated a well resolved and supported phylogeny. Estimation of divergence time was calibrated with two fossils using uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock model. Trait-dependent and trait-independent biogeographical models in BioGeoBEARS were compared using AICc weight and likelihood ratio test. The results suggest that narrow monocarp width and fruit colour associated with bird dispersal are correlated with increased macroevolutionary dispersal. Under the best-fitting monocarp width-dependent DEC model, a single colonisation event from Sunda to Sahul during the middle to late Miocene and two dispersal events from New Guinea and Australia into the Pacific during the late Miocene to early Pliocene were detected. BayesTraits analysis strongly supports a correlation between narrow fruits and avian fruit colours. This study reveals thatMeiogynelineages with narrow fruitlets and fruit colour associated to bird dispersal (black, red & orange) are associated with increased macroevolutionary dispersal. Bird dispersal and the associated traits may be important drivers for macroevolutionary dispersal for plants with fleshy fruits in Australasia-Pacific.
Global prevalence of naturally occurringWolbachiain field-collectedAedesmosquitoes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gebremariam Tewelde T. , Leung Polly , Rusanganwa Vincent 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundDengue is one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide.Wolbachia-mediated dengue biocontrol has emerged as a novel strategy in recent decades and depends on a lack ofWolbachiain the natural populations ofAedesmosquitoes. Through a systematic review of the published literature, this study sought to estimate the natural occurrence ofWolbachiaamong field-collectedAedesmosquitoes worldwide.MethodsWe conducted hand and systematic searches from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for all relevant published articles onWolbachiainfection inAedesmosquitoes published before September 12, 2024. The prevalence estimates were analysed using a random effects meta-analysis, and a random effects meta-regression was performed to determine sources of heterogeneity in prevalence estimates.ResultsTwenty-three studies with 16,997 field-collectedAedesmosquitoes from different countries worldwide were included. The meta-analysis revealed a global pooled prevalence of naturalWolbachiainfection inAedesmosquitoes of 57.7% (95% CI: 41.0–72.8%), which was six times higher inAe. albopictusthanAe. aegypti (p<0.001) and ranged from 6.0% (95% CI: 2.6–13.1%) inAe. aegyptito 87.1% (95% CI: 78.0–92.8%) inAe. albopictus. Continentally, Asia had the highest percentage ofWolbachiainfection inAe. aegypti(7.1%), followed by Europe (5.0%), North America (1.9%), and Africa (0.7%). Similarly, Asia had the highest prevalence ofWolbachiainAe. albopictus(95.5%), followed by Europe (94.8%), North America (91.6%), South America (85.2%), and Africa (71.6%). Overall, dengue incidence was negatively related toWolbachiaprevalence (B = −0.0006,p= 0.0281). Species wise, infection rates inAe. aegyptiwere significantly higher among females than males (OR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.92,p= 0.046), while there was no difference between males and females inAe. albopictus(p= 0.098). Furthermore,Wolbachiainfection rates inAe. albopictuswere inversely correlated with dengue incidence (β = −0.0013, p <0.01) but not inAe. aegypti (p =0.0984). In contrast, higher temperature was negatively associated withWolbachiaprevalence inAe. aegyptibut not inAe. albopictus. In contrast, higher temperature was negatively associated withWolbachiaprevalence inAe. aegypti(β = --2.5736, p <0.001) but not inAe. albopictus (p =0.7050).ConclusionAedesmosquitoes had a high and variable prevalence of naturally occurringWolbachia, and this was negatively correlated with dengue incidence across countries. While the natural infection ofAe. albopictusis more common, detection inAe. aegyptimay reflect contamination and require high-quality multicentre studies to verify the above findings.
Selective preservation of fucose-rich oligosaccharides in the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Bligh Margot , Buck-Wiese Hagen , Sichert Andreas , Bercovici Sarah K. , Hellige Inga , Marchant Hannah , Iversen Morten , Sauer Uwe , Dittmar Thorsten , Arnosti Carol , Liebeke Manuel , Hehemann Jan-Hendrik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ocean has a substantial capacity to store carbon dioxide fixed via photosynthesis in dissolved organic molecules. An estimated 20% of the 660 Gt dissolved organic carbon in the ocean pool consists of structurally uncharacterized oligosaccharides, which appear to resist microbial degradation (Aluwihare et al., 1997). Current technologies lack the sensitivity and molecular resolution to identify these oligosaccharides. Here, we adapted graphitized carbon chromatography to extract and separate marine oligosaccharides for liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry analysis. Using a newly-developedde novoannotation tool, we found 110 oligosaccharide structures in surface and deep ocean seawater at two distant locations in the North Atlantic Ocean. One group of the detected oligosaccharides was found only in surface seawater and consisted of larger and more abundant molecules detected by our analysis. A second group of smaller, less abundant oligosaccharides was detected in both the surface and deep ocean seawater of both sampled locations. The composition of oligosaccharides differed between the surface and deep ocean, with deep ocean samples relatively enriched in hard-to-metabolize deoxy-sugars, and xylose, amino sugars and uronic acids compared to simple hexoses. Notably the deoxy-sugar fucose constituted 35-40% of the monomers in deep-sea oligosaccharides, twice the percentage in surface ocean oligosaccharides. The ubiquity of deep ocean oligosaccharides indicates that they represent a preserved fraction of the carbohydrate pool. Their enrichment in specific monosaccharides suggests selective preservation of fucose-rich oligosaccharides in the deep ocean.