bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of immediate provisional restorations on implants with a hydrophilic surface: A randomised, single‐blind controlled clinical trial
Authors: Donos Nikolaos , Horvath Attila , Mezzomo Luis André , Dedi Dina , Calciolari Elena , Mardas Nikos 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the radiographic bone changes, clinical parameters and aesthetic outcomes of immediately provisionalised and conventionally restored implants at 12‐ and 24‐months post‐implant placement.Material and methodsIn 24 patients, 24 bone level implants with a hydrophilic (SLActive) surface were placed in healed sites and they were either immediately provisionalised with a non‐occluding temporary crown (test group) or left without a crown (control group). In both groups, the definitive restoration was placed 16 weeks after implant placement. Clinical and radiographic parameters were calculated at 12‐ and 24‐months post‐implant placement, together with implant success/survival rates according to three different sets of criteria. The aesthetic outcome was evaluated through the Papilla Fill Index and the Pink Aesthetic Score.ResultsThe mean marginal bone loss at 1 year was −0.73 mm (SD 0.83 mm) in the test group and −0.22 mm (SD 0.46 mm) in the control group (p > .05). Whilst 100% survival rate and positive aesthetic outcomes were recorded in both groups, three patients of the test group did not fulfil all success criteria.ConclusionsImmediate provisionalisation may represent a viable option for the replacement of single missing teeth, with radiographic, clinical and aesthetic results comparable to those of conventionally loaded implants at 2 years of follow‐up.
Making international aid effective: An agenda for aligning aid to social business
Authors: Rahaman Muhammad Mustafizur , Khan Niaz Ahmed 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the context of heightened interest in social business and a renewed focus on the performance of international aid, this article explores the role and place of aid in addressing poverty in relation to the rapidly growing social business regime. Research on the subject is surprisingly limited. The article begins by operationalizing the key concepts, and developing a conceptual framework by exploring the possible nexus points between aid alignment and social business. It then addresses a number of key dimensions of aid; notably, a comparative account of possible aid investment in social business vis‐à‐vis conventional projects and private sector enterprises; an examination of the realities on the ground of the social business projects; and policy implications of the study together with some recommendations.
Biomechanical testing of the calcified metacarpal articular surface and its association with subchondral bone microstructure in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Williamson A. J. , Sims N. A. , Thomas C. D. L. , Lee P. V. S. , Stevenson M. A. , Whitton R. C. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundPalmar/plantar osteochondral disease (POD) and third metacarpal/‐tarsal condylar fractures are considered fatigue injuries of subchondral bone (SCB) and calcified cartilage due to repetitive high loads in racehorses. In combination with adaptive changes in SCB in response to race training, the accumulation of SCB fatigue is likely to result in changes of joint surface mechanical properties.ObjectivesTo determine the spatial relationship and correlation of calcified articular surface biomechanical properties with SCB microstructure and training history in the distal palmar metacarpal condyle of Thoroughbred racehorses.Study designCross‐sectional study.MethodsThird metacarpal condyles were examined from 31 Thoroughbred horses with micro‐computed tomography (microCT). Hyaline cartilage was removed and reference point indentation (RPI) mechanical testing of the calcified articular surface was performed. Training histories were obtained from trainers. The association among indentation distance increase (IDI, an inverse RPI measure of toughness), and microCT and training variables was assessed using a mixed‐effects generalised linear model.ResultsUntrained horses had higher IDI than horses that had commenced training (P<0.001). Death as a result of musculoskeletal bone fatigue injury (P = 0.044) and presence of POD (P = 0.05) were associated with higher IDI. The microCT variables connectivity density and trabecular pattern factor were positively (P = 0.002) and negatively (P<0.001) correlated with IDI respectively.Main limitationsThe application of RPI to the calcified articular surface is novel and there is a potential for measurement variability with surface unevenness.ConclusionCommencement of race training is associated with altered material properties of the calcified articular surface in horses. Reduced articular surface material properties can also be detected in horses that have fatigue injuries of the distal metacarpus and at other sites in the skeleton. Measures of SCB connectivity and trabecular surface shape may be more important determinants of resistance to failure of the calcified articular surface than traditional measures such as SCB volume and density.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2–Angiotensin 1‐7/1‐9 system: novel promising targets for heart failure treatment
Authors: Kittana Naim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCardiac remodeling (cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis) is a hallmark of heart failure (HF). It can be induced by the abnormal elevation of several endogenous factors including angiotensin II (Ang II), which is generated from its precursor angiotensin I (Ang I) by the action of angiotensin‐converting enzyme. The inhibition of this enzyme or the blockade of the Ang II receptors demonstrated a high clinical value against the progression of HF. Ang I and Ang II may also be converted into angiotensin 1‐7 (Ang 1‐7) and angiotensin 1‐9 (Ang 1‐9), respectively, by the action of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2. Both derivatives demonstrated a promising anticardiac remodeling activity especially against the detrimental effects of Ang II. This manuscript thoroughly reviews the available in vitro and in vivo data on Ang 1‐7 and Ang 1‐9 in the context of the treatment of HF and discusses the associated molecular mechanisms and the trials to clinically utilize Ang 1‐7 mimetics for the treatment of that disease.
Considering land–sea interactions and trade‐offs for food and biodiversity
Authors: Cottrell Richard S. , Fleming Aysha , Fulton Elizabeth A. , Nash Kirsty L. , Watson Reg A. , Blanchard Julia L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWith the human population expected to near 10 billion by 2050, and diets shifting towards greater per‐capita consumption of animal protein, meeting future food demands will place ever‐growing burdens on natural resources and those dependent on them. Solutions proposed to increase the sustainability of agriculture, aquaculture, and capture fisheries have typically approached development from single sector perspectives. Recent work highlights the importance of recognising links among food sectors, and the challenge cross‐sector dependencies create for sustainable food production. Yet without understanding the full suite of interactions between food systems on land and sea, development in one sector may result in unanticipated trade‐offs in another. We review the interactions between terrestrial and aquatic food systems. We show that most of the studied land–sea interactions fall into at least one of four categories: ecosystem connectivity, feed interdependencies, livelihood interactions, and climate feedback. Critically, these interactions modify nutrient flows, and the partitioning of natural resource use between land and sea, amid a backdrop of climate variability and change that reaches across all sectors. Addressing counter‐productive trade‐offs resulting from land‐sea links will require simultaneous improvements in food production and consumption efficiency, while creating more sustainable feed products for fish and livestock. Food security research and policy also needs to better integrate aquatic and terrestrial production to anticipate how cross‐sector interactions could transmit change across ecosystem and governance boundaries into the future.
Human leucocyte antigens class II allele and haplotype association with Type 1 Diabetes in Madeira Island (Portugal)
Authors: Spínola H. , Lemos A. , Couto A. R. , Parreira B. , Soares M. , Dutra I. , Bruges‐Armas J. , Brehm A. , Abreu S. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis study confirms for Madeira Island (Portugal) population the Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) susceptible and protective Human leucocyte antigens (HLA) markers previously reported in other populations and adds some local specificities. Among the strongest T1D HLA associations, stands out, as susceptible, the alleles DRB1*04:05 (OR = 7.3), DQB1*03:02 (OR = 6.1) and DQA1*03:03 (OR = 4.5), as well as the haplotypes DRB1*04:05‐DQA1*03:03‐DQB1*03:02 (OR = 100.9) and DRB1*04:04‐DQA1*03:01‐DQB1*03:02 (OR = 22.1), and DQB1*06:02 (OR = 0.07) and DRB1*15:01‐DQA1*01:02‐DQB1*06:02 (OR = 0.04) as protective. HLA‐DQA1 positive for Arginine at position 52 (Arg52) (OR = 15.2) and HLA‐DQB1 negative for Aspartic acid at the position 57 (Asp57) (OR = 9.0) alleles appear to be important genetic markers for T1D susceptibility, with higher odds ratio values than any single allele and than most of the haplotypes. Genotypes generated by the association of markers Arg52 DQA1 positive and Asp57 DQB1 negative increase T1D susceptibility much more than one would expected by a simple additive effect of those markers separately (OR = 26.9). This study also confirms an increased risk for DRB1*04/DRB1*03 heterozygote genotypes (OR = 16.8) and also a DRB1*04‐DQA1*03:01‐DQB1*03:02 haplotype susceptibility dependent on the DRB1*04 allele (DRB1*04:01, OR = 7.9; DRB1*04:02, OR = 3.2; DRB1*04:04, OR = 22.1).
An iterative time‐bucket refinement algorithm for a high‐resolution resource‐constrained project scheduling problem
Authors: Riedler Martin , Jatschka Thomas , Maschler Johannes , Raidl Günther R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe consider a resource‐constrained project scheduling problem originating in particle therapy for cancer treatment, in which the scheduling has to be done in high resolution. Traditional mixed integer linear programming techniques such as time‐indexed formulations or discrete‐event formulations are known to have severe limitations in such cases, that is, growing too fast or having weak linear programming relaxations. We suggest a relaxation based on partitioning time into so‐called time‐buckets. This relaxation is iteratively solved and serves as basis for deriving feasible solutions using heuristics. Based on these primal and dual solutions and bounds, the time‐buckets are successively refined. Combining these parts, we obtain an algorithm that provides good approximate solutions soon and eventually converges to an optimal solution. Diverse strategies for performing the time‐bucket refinement are investigated. The approach shows excellent performance in comparison to the traditional formulations and a metaheuristic.
Bi2Ti2O7‐based pyrochlore nanoparticles and their superior photocatalytic activity under visible light
Authors: Benčina Metka , Valant Matjaz 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNanoparticles of Bi2Ti2O7 pyrochlore were synthesized by a coprecipitation method. They exhibit a high visible‐light photoactivity for decolorization of a methyl‐orange dye solution in the presence of a sacrificial agent, H2O2. The same pyrochlore system with an Ag co‐catalyst showed even faster kinetics under only visible light and an unprecedentedly high photoactivity in the UV range.
Pair distribution function analysis of nanostructural deformation of calcium silicate hydrate under compressive stress
Authors: Bae Sungchul , Jee Hyeonseok , Kanematsu Manabu , Shiro Ayumi , Machida Akihiko , Watanuki Tetsu , Shobu Takahisa , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDespite enormous interest in calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), its detailed atomic structure and intrinsic deformation under an external load are lacking. This study demonstrates the nanostructural deformation process of C–S–H in tricalcium silicate (C3S) paste as a function of applied stress by interpreting atomic pair distribution function (PDF) based on in situ X‐ray scattering. Three different strains in C3S paste under compression were compared using a strain gauge, Bragg peak shift, and the real space PDF. PDF refinement revealed that the C–S–H phase mostly contributed to PDF from 0 to 20 Å whereas crystalline phases dominated that beyond 20 Å. The short‐range atomic strains exhibited two regions for C–S–H: I) plastic deformation (0‐10 MPa) and II) linear elastic deformation (>10 MPa), whereas the long‐range deformation beyond 20 Å was similar to that of Ca(OH)2. Below 10 MPa, the short‐range strain was caused by the densification of C–S–H induced by the removal of interlayer or gel‐pore water. The strain is likely to be recovered when the removed water returns to C–S–H.
Plasma parathyroid hormone and cardiovascular disease in treatment‐naive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: The EPATH trial
Authors: Wetzel Julia , Pilz Stefan , Grübler Martin R. , Fahrleitner‐Pammer Astrid , Dimai Hans P. , von Lewinski Dirk , Kolesnik Ewald , Perl Sabine , Trummer Christian , Schwetz Verena , Meinitzer Andreas , Belyavskiy Evgeny , Völkl Jakob , Catena Cristiana , Brandenburg Vincent , März Winfried , Pieske Burkert , Brussee Helmut , Tomaschitz Andreas , Verheyen Nicolas D. 
Published: August 2017

Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are at increased risk for high blood pressure, vascular stiffening, and left ventricular hypertrophy, but previous studies have failed to demonstrate the direct associations with circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The authors investigated cross‐sectional relationships between PTH and 24‐hour pulse wave velocity, nocturnal systolic blood pressure, and left ventricular mass index in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who were treatment‐naive with cinacalcet, renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone‐system inhibitors, and thiazide or loop diuretics. In 76 patients, mean±SD of pulse wave velocity, nocturnal systolic blood pressure, and left ventricular mass index values were 9.3±1.8 m/s, 116.6±17.0 mm Hg, and 92.8±23.0 g/m². In multivariate linear regression analyses with adjustment for potentially confounding parameters, PTH was independently associated with nocturnal systolic blood pressure (adjusted ß coefficient=.284, P=.040), mean 24‐hour pulse wave velocity (ß=.199, P=.001), and left ventricular mass index (ß=.252, P=.025). PTH may promote vascular and cardiac remodeling in primary hyperparathyroidism. Interventional trials are needed to test the antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of PTH‐inhibitory treatment strategies.
Thoracic Kyphosis and Physical Function: The Framingham Study
Authors: Lorbergs Amanda L. , Murabito Joanne M. , Jarraya Mohamed , Guermazi Ali , Allaire Brett T. , Yang Laiji , Kiel Douglas P. , Cupples L. Adrienne , Bouxsein Mary L. , Travison Thomas G. , Samelson Elizabeth J. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between thoracic kyphosis and physical function.DesignProspective cohort.SettingFramingham, Massachusetts.ParticipantsFramingham Heart Study Offspring and Third Generation cohort members who had computed tomography (CT) performed between 2002 and 2005 and physical function assessed a mean 3.4 years later (N = 1,100; mean age 61 ± 8, range 50–85).MeasurementsThoracic kyphosis (Cobb angle, T4‐T12) was measured in degrees using supine CT scout images. Participants were categorized according to Cobb angle to compare those in the highest quartile (Q4, most‐severe kyphosis) with those in the lowest quartiles (Q1‐Q3). Quick walking speed (m/s), chair‐stand time (seconds), grip strength (kg), and self‐reported impairments were assessed using standardized procedures. Analyses were adjusted for age, height, weight, smoking, follow‐up time, vertebral fractures, and prevalent spinal degeneration.ResultsThoracic kyphosis was not associated with physical function in women or men, and these results were consistent in those younger than 65 and those aged 65 and older. For example, walking speed was similar in adults younger than 65 with and without severe kyphosis (women, Q4: 1.38 m/s, Q1‐Q3: 1.40 m/s, P = .69; men, Q4: 1.65 m/s, Q1‐Q3: 1.60 m/s; P = .39).ConclusionIn healthy relatively high‐functioning women and men, kyphosis severity was not associated with subsequent physical function. Individuals at risk of functional decline cannot be targeted based on supine CT thoracic curvature measures alone.
Investor legal protection, capitalized development costs, and audit fees: A cross‐country analysis
Authors: Kuo Nan‐Ting , Lee Cheng‐Few 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOur study explores the association between capitalized development costs and audit fees. International Accounting Standard No. 38 stipulates the discretion to capitalize the development costs of internally generated intangible assets. We find a positive association between capitalized development costs and audit fees, which reflects auditors’ concern that managers may use the discretion of development cost capitalization to manipulate earnings. Moreover, this positive association is mitigated by stronger investor legal protection because stronger investor legal protection alleviates the earnings management concern from capitalized development costs. These results suggest that country‐level legal regimes affect auditors’ perception on client firms’ accounting choices. Our study contributes to the literature exploring how legal regimes affect auditor behaviors.
Mst‐1 deficiency promotes post‐traumatic spinal motor neuron survival via enhancement of autophagy flux
Authors: Zhang Mengting , Tao Wufan , Yuan Zengqiang , Liu Yaobo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe mammalian Ste20‐like kinase 1 (Mst‐1) is a serine‐threonine kinase and a component of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, which reacts to pathologically relevant stress and regulates cell death. However, little is known about its role in spinal cord injury. Here, we found that p‐Mst‐1, the activated form of Mst‐1, was induced in the post‐traumatic spinal motor neurons. In vivo evidence demonstrated that Mst‐1 deficiency promoted post‐traumatic spinal motor neuron survival, Basso mouse scale scores, and synapse survival. Moreover, we found that autophagosome formation and autolysosome degradation enhanced by Mst‐1 deficiency were crucial to attenuate the death of injured spinal motor neurons. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Mst‐1 deficiency promotes post‐traumatic spinal motor neuron survival via enhancement of autophagy flux.
image
Transcriptional profiling of human neural precursors post alcohol exposure reveals impaired neurogenesis via dysregulation of ERK signaling and miR‐145
Authors: Louis Lithin K. , Gopurappilly Renjitha , Surendran Harshini , Dutta Sunit , Pal Rajarshi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGestational alcohol exposure causes a range of neuropsychological disorders by modulating neurodevelopmental genes and proteins. The extent of damage depends on the stage of the embryo as well as dosage, duration and frequency of exposure. Here, we investigated the neurotoxic effects of alcohol using human embryonic stem cells. Multiple read‐outs were engaged to assess the proliferation and differentiation capacity of neural precursor cells upon exposure to 100 mM ethanol for 48 h corresponding to the blood alcohol levels for binge drinkers. Whole‐genome analysis revealed a spatiotemporal dysregulation of neuronal‐ and glial‐specific gene expression that play critical roles in central nervous system (CNS) development. Alterations observed in the transcriptome may be attributed to epigenetic constitution witnessed by differential histone H3 Lys‐4/Lys‐27 modifications and acetylation status. In‐depth mRNA and protein expression studies revealed abrogated extracellular signal‐regulated kinases signaling in alcohol‐treated cells. Consistent with this finding, ingenuity pathway analysis and micro‐RNA profiling demonstrated up‐regulation of miR‐145 by targeting the neural specifier Sox‐2. We also show that the neurite branching complexity of tubulin, beta 3 class III+ neurons was greatly reduced in response to alcohol. Finally, in vivo studies using zebrafish embryos reconfirmed the in vitro findings. Employing molecular endpoints in a human model, this report indicates for the first time that acute alcohol exposure could lead to impaired brain development via perturbation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases pathway and miR‐145. However, it still needs to be addressed whether these modulations sustain throughout development, compromising the ability of the individual during adulthood and aging.
image
Efficacy of oral brush biopsy in potentially malignant disorder management
Authors: Goodson M. L. , Smith D. R. , Thomson P. J. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundOral potentially malignant disorders (PMD) harbour unpredictable risk for squamous cell carcinoma development. Current management requires tissue biopsy for histopathology characterisation, dysplasia grading and targeted intervention to “high‐risk” lesions, although evidence‐based guidelines are limited and diagnoses subjective. This study investigated the use of adjunctive oral brush biopsy techniques during the management of PMD in a UK hospital population.MethodsRetrospective review of a 310 PMD patient cohort presenting to Maxillofacial Surgery in Newcastle upon Tyne with new, single‐site lesions between December 2009 and May 2014. Patients underwent Orcellex® brush biopsy and liquid‐based cytology examination in addition to conventional biopsy techniques, with management proceeding along established care pathways. Patient demographics, cytology data, most significant histopathology diagnoses and clinical outcome were all documented at the study census date (31.12.15).ResultsA total of 170 male & 140 female patients (age range 18‐91 years), exhibiting primarily leukoplakia (86.5%) at floor of mouth and ventrolateral tongue sites (44.9%), were identified. Management comprised: observation (49.7%), laser surgery (44.9%), antifungal treatment (3.5%) and Head & Neck clinic referral following cancer diagnosis (1.9%). Clinical outcomes were as follows: disease free (51.3%), persistent PMD (42.3%) and malignant transformation (6.4%). Histology and cytology diagnoses strongly correlated (r = .305). Treatment modality, lesion site, histology and cytology diagnoses were the best predictors of clinical outcome.ConclusionsOrcellex® brush cytology provides reliable diagnoses consistent with conventional histopathology and offers less invasive, adjunctive assessment appropriate for long‐term monitoring of patients in specialist clinics.