bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tree health and regeneration response of Black Box (Eucalyptus largiflorens) to recent flooding
Authors: Moxham Claire , Duncan Mike , Moloney Paul 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBlack Box (Eucalyptus largiflorens) is a dominant floodplain tree in the Murray–Darling Basin. In northern Victoria, the health of Black Box woodlands has declined as a consequence of river regulation and drought. This has raised concern about the long‐term survival of populations. Although tree health and regeneration of this species are entwined with flooding, there is limited knowledge of its response to environmental watering. This inhibits the effective implementation of management actions to secure the long‐term survival of floodplain Black Box populations. We investigated the effect of flooding history on Black Box tree health, population status and regeneration at 26 sites within the Murray Sunset National Park, Victoria. Sites were assessed under two flooding treatments: (1) ‘recently flooded’ (sites frequently flooded within the last 5 years and (2) ‘historically flooded’ (sites not flooded since 1993). Black Box populations in recently flooded sites had a greater range of life stages present and fewer dead trees, indicating a healthier and more sustainable population structure. In addition, trees were in better health with higher canopy condition and reproductive output (e.g. flowers and fruits), and the average tree diameter was greater than in historically flooded sites. Seedlings and saplings were present only at recently flooded sites, indicating that water availability and tree health are a strong determinant of regeneration in these landscapes. Flooding is an important factor in the sustainability of Black Box populations in this Victorian semi‐arid floodplain. A key recommendation is that managed flows should be implemented to target populations in poor condition. Although regular flooding is required to maintain or improve the health of Black Box populations, developing the optimum flow regime (timing, frequency and duration) to facilitate this outcome requires further investigation.
Collaborating with recreational fishers to inform fisheries management: Estimating population abundance for an iconic freshwater crayfish
Authors: Zukowski Sylvia , Asmus Martin , Whiterod Nick , Conallin Anthony , Campbell Josh , Fisher Ian , Bright Troy 
Published: December 2017

SummaryCan the abundance of fish populations be effectively determined by the collection of scientific research with support from recreational fishers? Collecting and analysing fishing data from recreational fishers to aid management are not new; however, engaging fishers in a scientific survey design to produce specific population estimates is rarely undertaken. We engaged recreational fishers to assist with field sampling to provide an estimate Murray Crayfish (Euastacus armatus von Martens, 1866) abundance at three sites on the Edward River which were recently impacted by an extreme blackwater disturbance. Employing mark‐resight models, fishers undertook crayfish surveys and produced research data which estimated adult population sizes of Murray Crayfish in the studied reaches ranging between 94.27 ± 24.72 individuals (Below Stevens) and 450.01 ± 175.30 individuals (Twin Rivers). Both the effective undertaking of the mark‐resight designs in collaboration with fishers and acquiring population abundance estimates for Murray Crayfish in a river reach are concepts which have not previously been published and are important attributes for the management of aquatic species.
Productivity and recovery of forage fish under climate change and fishing: North Sea sandeel as a case study
Authors: Lindegren Martin , Van Deurs Mikael , MacKenzie Brian R. , Worsoe Clausen Lotte , Christensen Asbjørn , Rindorf Anna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractForage fish occupy a central position in marine food‐webs worldwide by mediating the transfer of energy and organic matter from lower to higher trophic levels. The lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) is one of the ecologically and economically most important forage fish species in the North‐east Atlantic, acting as a key prey for predatory fish and sea birds, as well as supporting a large commercial fishery. In this case study, we investigate the underlying factors affecting recruitment and how these in turn affect productivity of the North Sea sandeel using long‐term data and modelling. Our results demonstrate how sandeel productivity in the central North Sea (Dogger Bank) depends on a combination of external and internal regulatory factors, including fishing and climate effects, as well as density dependence and food availability of the preferred zooplankton prey (Calanus finmarchicus and Temora longicornis). Furthermore, our model scenarios suggest that while fishing largely contributed to the abrupt stock decline during the late 1990s and the following period of low biomass, a complete recovery of the stock to the highly productive levels of the early 1980s would only be possible through changes in the surrounding ecosystem, involving lower temperatures and improved feeding conditions. To that end, we stress the need for ecosystem‐based management accounting for multiple internal and external factors occurring within the broader context of the ecosystem in which forage fish species, such as sandeel, play an important and integral part.
Helicobacter Pylori infection of the gallbladder and the risk of chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cen Li , Pan Jiaqi , Zhou Boyan , Yu Chaohui , Li Youming , Chen Weixing , Shen Zhe 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori is coexisted with various diseases, including chronic gastritis, ulcer, and gastric cancer. Besides, chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis are extremely widespread over the world, which are considered as high health‐care cost burdens of digestive diseases. Epidemiologic evidence on Helicobacter pylori infection in gallbladder increasing the risk of biliary diseases has been contradictory.AimConduct a meta‐analysis of overall studies and investigate an association between Helicobacter pylori infection of the gallbladder with chronic cholecystitis/cholelithiasis.MethodsWe used PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases to identify all published studies before August 2017. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using the random effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity, and stratified analyses were also performed.ResultsEighteen studies involving 1544 participants and 1061 biliary cases with chronic cholecystitis/cholelithiasis were included. Helicobacter pylori infection of the gallbladder was significantly associated with an increased risk of chronic cholecystitis and cholecystitis (OR = 3.022; 95% CI, 1.897‐4.815; I2 = 20.1%). In addition, country‐based subgroup analysis also showed a positive association between Helicobacter pylori positivity and chronic cholecystitis/cholelithiasis risk. The ORs (95% CIs) for Asian and non‐Asian region studies were 3.75 (1.83‐7.71) and 2.25 (1.29‐3.89), respectively.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis suggests that infection of the gallbladder with Helicobacter pylori is closely related to an increased risk of chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis.
Long‐term mucocutaneous adverse effects of imatinib in Indian chronic myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Vinay Keshavamurthy , Yanamandra Uday , Dogra Sunil , Handa Sanjeev , Suri Vikas , Kumari Savita , Khadwal Alka , Prakash Gaurav , Lad Deepesh , Varma Subhash , Malhotra Pankaj 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundShort‐term mucocutaneous adverse effects are well documented with imatinib. However, studies on long‐term adverse effects and in the ethnic population are lacking.ObjectiveTo study the long‐term mucocutaneous adverse effects of imatinib and factors predicting these adverse effects.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, consenting adult chronic myeloid leukemia patients on imatinib for more than 250 days were recruited. The details of imatinib treatment were retrieved from hematology clinic records.ResultsFour hundred and thirty‐eight patients who were on imatinib for a mean duration of 1820 days were recruited. A mean number of 1.42 ± 0.98 cutaneous adverse effects were seen per patient. Melasma‐like pigmentation, periorbital edema, oral lichenoid reaction, cutaneous hypopigmentation, and vesicobullous eruptions were seen in 236 (53.9%), 81 (18.5%), 70 (16%), 42 (9.6%), and 12 (2.7%) patients, respectively. Drug‐induced cutaneous eruptions (9.1%) and cutaneous hypopigmentation (9.6%) were seen less frequently. Cutaneous hyperpigmentation was more likely seen in younger patients (P = 0.001) and females (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, female gender was a significant risk factor for developing cutaneous hyperpigmentation and periorbital edema.ConclusionCutaneous hyperpigmentation and periorbital edema are common long‐term adverse effects of imatinib in Indian patients. Female gender is a significant risk factor for the development of both these adverse effects.
Hepatitis C virus core protein reduces CD8+ T‐cell proliferation, perforin production and degranulation but increases STAT5 activation
Authors: Khan Sarwat Tahsin , Karges Winston , Cooper Curtis L. , Crawley Angela M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryClearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is dependent on an effective virus‐specific CD8+ T‐cell response, which is dysfunctional in chronic HCV infection. Dysfunction in bulk or non‐HCV‐specific CD8+ T‐cells in HCV infection has also been observed. This may contribute to observed reductions in immunity to other diseases (e.g. cancer, viral co‐infections) in HCV‐infected individuals. Evidence suggests that the HCV core protein (found in blood as free protein) may contribute to this impairment. To determine if HCV core contributes to the impairment of effector functions and survival potential of CD8+ T‐cells, isolated human CD8+ T‐cells from healthy donors were pre‐incubated with recombinant HCV core protein for 72 hr and then stimulated in vitro to evaluate proliferation, survival potential and effector functions. Pre‐incubation of stimulated CD8+ T‐cells with HCV core significantly reduced their proliferation. Perforin production and degranulation were also decreased, but interferon‐γ production was unchanged. Additionally, when CD8+ T‐cells were treated with serum from HCV+ individuals, they produced less perforin than cells treated with healthy serum. Up‐regulation of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 was slightly lower in cells treated with HCV core, but signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) activation was increased, suggesting dysregulation downstream of STAT activation. Our study reveals that HCV core reduces the activity and target lysis‐associated functions of CD8+ T‐cells. This may contribute to the generalized impairment of CD8+ T‐cells observed in HCV infection. These findings provide insight for the design of novel counteractive immune‐mediated strategies including the design of effective therapeutic vaccines for use in HCV+ individuals.
Job stress in new nurses during the transition period: an integrative review
Authors: Labrague L.J. , McEnroe‐Petitte D.M. 
Published: December 2017

AimThis review appraised and synthesized evidence relating to new nurses' stress experiences during the transition period.BackgroundAlthough stress among nursing professionals has been a subject of several systematic reviews in the recent years, there is still scarcity of systematic evidence examining job stress in new nurses.MethodsThis is an integrative review of original studies conducted from 2002 onwards examining new nurses' stress experiences. Five databases were used to retrieve relevant articles such as CINAHL, SCOPUS, PubMed, PsycINFO and MEDLINE. Twenty‐one articles were included in this review.FindingsNew nurses perceived low to moderate levels of stress mainly from heavy workloads and lack of professional nursing competence. Individual and organizational factors that might contribute to their stress experiences were rarely explored.ConclusionThis integrative review evaluated and synthesized available evidence examining stress in new nurses and contributed to the literature regarding stress in nursing professionals. The findings of this review may offer specific information to nurse administrators that can relate to the stress encountered by new nurses who enter into healthcare facilities.Implications for Nursing and Health PolicyFindings of this review may provide valuable input to assist nurse administrators in developing and implementing organizational measures to reduce stress in new nurses while maximizing and facilitating their integration into the nursing workforce. Such measures may include the following: establishment of a well‐structured transition programme, provision of an adequate orientation and senior staff mentorship, stress management programmes, in‐service educational programmes and exposure to clinical simulation scenarios.
Testosterone regulates the expression and functional activity of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptors in the rat corpus cavernosum
Authors: Yin Jing , Guo Yu‐ming , Chen Ping , Xiao He , Wang Xing‐huan , DiSanto Michael E , Zhang Xin‐hua 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe bioactive lipid sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) regulates smooth muscle (SM) contractility predominantly via three G protein‐coupled receptors. The S1P1 receptor is associated with nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated SM relaxation, while S1P2 & S1P3 receptors are linked to SM contraction via activation of the Rho‐kinase pathway. This study is to determine testosterone (T) modulating the expression and functional activity of S1P receptors in corpus cavernosum (CC). Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham‐operated controls, surgical castration and T supplemented group. Serum S1P levels were detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The expression of S1P1‐3 receptors and sphingosine kinases was detected by real‐time RT‐PCR. In vitro organ bath contractility and in vivo intracavernous pressure (ICP) measurement were also performed. T deprivation significantly decreased ICP rise. Meanwhile, surgical castration induced a significant increase in serum S1P level and the expression of S1P2‐3 receptors by twofold (P < 0.05) but a decrease in the expression of S1P1 receptor. Castration also augmented exogenous phenylephrine (PE), S1P, S1P1,3 receptor agonist FTY720‐P contractility and S1P2‐specific antagonist JTE013 relaxation effect. T supplemented could restore the aforementioned changes. We provide novel data that castration increased serum S1P concentration and up‐regulated the expression of S1P2‐3 receptors in CC. Consistently, agonizing S1P receptors induced CCSM contraction and antagonizing mediated relaxation were augmented. This provides the first clear evidence that S1P system dysregulation may contribute to hypogonadism‐related erectile dysfunction (ED), and S1P receptors may be expected as a potential target for treating ED.
Risks for depression among ostomates in South Korea
Authors: Park Seungmi , Jang In Sun , Kim Yeon S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThis study explored the factors that are associated with the depressive status among older adult ostomates in South Korea.MethodsThe study was a secondary analysis of data from a cross‐sectional study with 217 ostomates who were aged ≥55 years from September 2, 2013 to October 30, 2013. The general characteristics, daily routines, and depressive status were assessed in order to identify the factors that were contributing to a depressed mood among the older adult ostomates in South Korea. The general characteristics included their sex, age group, educational level, financial status, employment, outing hours, perceived social isolation, leisure activity, and perceived health status. The daily routines included living environment inconvenience, leisure activity satisfaction, body image satisfaction, sleep satisfaction, exercise involvement, intimacy with a spouse, sexual satisfaction, and satisfaction with quality of life.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive status in older adult ostomates was 50.7%, but 40.8% in the same‐age population without an ostomy. The factors that were associated with a depressed mood among the older adult ostomates in South Korea were social isolation, perceived poor health status, perceived low quality of life, dissatisfaction with leisure activities, and poor financial status. The participants' sex, age, and educational level were not associated with depression.ConclusionNurses need to encourage older adults with an ostomy to reduce their social isolation and to increase leisure activities by helping them to use resources, such as support groups and psychological support, in collaboration with interdisciplinary team members.
Association between quality of sleep and health‐related quality of life in persons with diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Bani‐issa Wegdan , Al‐Shujairi Arwa M , Patrick Linda 
Published: December 2017

Aim and objectivesTo estimate the relationship of sleep quality with health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in persons with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).BackgroundDMT2 is an epidemic health condition in the UAE that has enormous impacts on heath, and consequent effects on HRQOL. However, because of an absence of screening for quality of sleep, people with DMT2 who experience poor sleep are likely to go untreated, which may compound the distressing impacts of DMT2 on their HRQOL.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional quantitative research design.MethodsA sample of 268 participants with DMT2 were recruited from community healthcare settings in the UAE using cluster sampling. Participants completed questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the World Health Organization HRQOL. Data analysis used descriptive and correlational statistics.ResultsOf the 268 participants, 34% identified as “poor sleepers” and 55% had poor HRQOL. Poor sleepers showed significantly lower scores for HRQOL than good sleepers. The global PSQI scores were found to be independently predictive of global HRQOL. Subjective perceptions of sleep quality, the use of sleep medications and impaired daytime functioning were the variables found to have the highest correlations with global HRQOL and its four domains.ConclusionsThis study found that people with DMT2 who indicate experiencing poor quality sleep are more likely to show a negative correlation with HRQOL. Additional research is needed to investigate how poor sleep may impact the health of people with DMT2.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings suggest that assessment of sleep quality should be an essential component of diabetes care. Understanding sleep practices may aid public health practitioners and other healthcare providers in the design of culturally appropriate interventions to improve sleep quality in persons with DMT2.
Promoting healthy food preferences from the start: a narrative review of food preference learning from the prenatal period through early childhood
Authors: Anzman‐Frasca S. , Ventura A. K. , Ehrenberg S. , Myers K. P. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe palatable, energy‐dense foods that characterize modern environments can promote unhealthy eating habits, along with humans' predispositions to accept sweet tastes and reject those that are sour or bitter. Yet food preferences are malleable, and examining food preference learning during early life can highlight ways to promote acceptance of healthier foods. This narrative review describes research from the past 10 years focused on food preference learning from the prenatal period through early childhood (ages 2–5 years).Exposure to a variety of healthy foods from the start, including during the prenatal period, early milk‐feeding and the introduction to complementary foods and beverages, can support subsequent acceptance of those foods. Yet development is plastic, and healthier food preferences can still be promoted after infancy. In early childhood, research supports starting with the simplest strategies, such as repeated exposure and modelling, reserving other strategies for use when needed to motivate the initial tasting necessary for repeated exposure effects to begin.This review can help caregivers and practitioners to promote the development of healthy food preferences early in life. Specific implementation recommendations, the role of individual differences and next steps for research in this area are also discussed.
Fatal disseminated Trichosporon asahii fungemia in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a morbilliform eruption
Authors: Nguyen Julie K. , Schlichte Megan J. , Schady Deborah , Pourciau Crystal Y. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTrichosporonosis is a rare, life‐threatening, opportunistic fungal infection that affects immunocompromised individuals with neutropenia, particularly those with underlying hematologic malignancies. We present the case of a 10‐year‐old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed a diffuse, morbilliform eruption in the setting of fever and pancytopenia. He was found to have Trichosporon asahii fungemia with widespread visceral dissemination, and his condition rapidly deteriorated despite treatment. It is important to consider trichosporonosis in the evaluation of a critically ill individual with neutropena and a rash, because the initial cutaneous presentation may appear benign and delayed therapy results in death.
Eczematous dermatitis in an infantile hemangioma with minimal or arrested growth
Authors: Roncone Krista , Kindley Kimball Jade , Zlotoff Barrett 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInfantile hemangiomas (IHs) with minimal or arrested growth differ from standard IHs in that they have a reduced or absent growth phase. An association between IHs with minimal or arrested growth and superimposed eczematous dermatitis has not been described in the literature. We present a case detailing this association in which an IH with minimal or arrested growth responded well to treatment with propranolol and the superimposed eczema cleared completely with topical hydrocortisone.
Topical 1% propranolol ointment with occlusion in treatment of pyogenic granulomas: An open‐label study in 22 children
Authors: Neri Iria , Baraldi Carlotta , Balestri Riccardo , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Patrizi Annalisa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundPyogenic granuloma (PG) is a common, acquired, benign vascular neoplasm of the skin and mucous membranes. It occurs most often in children and adolescents. First‐line treatment options for PG are based on destructive approaches. Pain, permanent scarring, and pigmentation are potential complications of these therapies.MethodsThis single‐arm, open‐label, prospective study evaluated the efficacy of topical propranolol for treatment of PGs in children. All patients clinically diagnosed with cutaneous PG consecutively at the Dermatology Pediatric Outpatient Service of the University of Bologna from January 2010 to December 2010 received a compounded formulation of propranolol ointment 1%.ResultsWe found propranolol ointment to be effective in consecutive patients; 59.0% completely regressed in a mean of 66 days, 18.2% remained stable, and 22.7% did not respond. No side effects (eg, skin irritation, allergy, bleeding) were observed.ConclusionTopical propranolol ointment 1% with occlusion appears to be an effective treatment for PGs in children. Early treatment was associated with a more favorable outcome.