bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: THERMOCHEMISTRY OF SODIUM BOROSILICATE GLASSES
Authors: HERVIG R. L. , NAVROTSKY A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGläser des Systems Na2O ‐ B203 ‐ SiO2 werden durch Hochtemp.‐Lösungskalorimetrie bei 974 K untersucht, wobei positive Mischungsenthalpien Bereiche mit Glas ‐ Glas‐Nichtmischbarkeit anzeigen.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLUBLE SULFIDES OF NIOBIUM(V) AND TANTALUM(V): SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURES, AND PROPERTIES OF THE FIVEFOLD SYMMETRIC CAGES (M6S17)4‐
Authors: SOLA J. , DO Y. , BERG J. M. , HOLM R. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Verbindungen (IVa) und (IVb) werden gemäß Formelschema dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: POLAR EFFECTS. PART 13. INDUCTIVE CHARGE DISPERSAL IN QUINUCLIDINIUM IONS
Authors: GROB C. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch Vergleich der pKa‐Werte (Tab.) und der daraus abgeleiteten Induktivitäten p, verschiedener 2‐ (I), 3‐ (II) und 4‐ (III)substituierter Chinuclidiniumperchlorate wird die induktive Ladungsverteilung der w, β‐ und γ‐Positionen der solvatisierten Chinuclidiniumionen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDE COMPLEXING. A CARBON‐13 NMR SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF THE METAL BINDING SITES IN 7‐METHYLGUANOSINE, 7‐METHYLINOSINE AND SOME RELATED NEW SYNTHETIC BETAINES
Authors: SHINOZUKA K. , WILKOWSKI K. , HEYL B. L. , MARZILLI L. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie 6‐Oxopurinnucleoside (I) sowie die wie aufgezeigt synthetisierten Betaine (VII) und (X), deren N7 blockiert ist, werden hinsichtlich einer Koordination über Nl und/ oder O6 untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF LACTAMS AND CYCLIC IMIDES. PART VI. THE STRUCTURE OF REACTION PRODUCTS OF 2‐METHYLGLUTARIMIDE WITH PHENYLLITHIUM
Authors: ANDREETTI G. D. , BOCELLI G. , CYBULSKI J. , DABROWSKI Z. , WROBEL J. T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNach neueren Untersuchungen (13C‐NMR, MS, Röntgenstrukturanalyse) liegt das Primärprodukt der Titelreaktion entgegen früheren Annahmen in der offenkettigen Form (II) vor; die Folgeprodukte (III) und (IV) besitzen, wie bereits angenommen, cyclische Struktur.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITIONS OF NITRILE IMINES WITH ALDAZINES
Authors: PRAJAPATI D. , SANDHU J. S. , KAMETANI T. , NAGASE H. , KAWAI K. , HONDA T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie aus (I) in situ erzeugten Nitrilimine (II) reagieren mit den Aldazinen (III) unter [2 + 3]‐Cycloaddition zu den Triazolin‐Dedvaten (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENT OF 10‐OXABENZO‐SYN‐SESQUINORBORNENE BY LIGHT AND BY ACIDS
Authors: BARTLETT P. D. , GHOSH T. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract10‐Oxa‐benzo‐syn‐sesquinorbomen (I) lagert sich photochemisch (UV) oder bei Einwirkung starker Säuren zum Naphthol (IIa) um, das zu (IIb) methyliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS. 144TH COMMUNICATION. PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF 5,6‐EPOXY‐1,3‐DIENES IN THE IONONE SERIES: INFLUENCE OF A METHOXY GROUP IN POSITION 7
Authors: GOLDENER U. , FREI B. , JEGER O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Triplett‐Anregung des Epoxydiens (Ia) führt zu ähnlichen Reaktionsprodukten (Umsatz 92%), wie sie früher bereits im Falle des Hydroxy‐Derivates (Ib) nachgewiesen wurden [Hauptprodukte (IIIa)/(IIIb), 5 weitere identifizierte Verbindungen zu jeweils I‐6%], zusätzlich werden die neuen Photoprodukte (IV)‐(VI) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF A NEW STABLE CARBOCATION STABILIZED BY TWO NEIGHBORING SULFUR ATOMS. DIMETHYL(9,9‐BIS(METHYLTHIO)‐1‐FLUORENYL)CARBENIUM ION
Authors: HOJO M. , ICHI T. , SHIBATO K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Acetalisierung der Ketocarbonsäure (I) liefert das Produkt (II), das durch Grignard‐ Reaktion in die Verbindungen (III) und (IV) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIO‐ AND STEREOCHEMISTRY IN ALLYLATION OF ARYL GRIGNARD REAGENTS CATALYZED BY PHOSPHINENICKEL AND ‐PALLADIUM COMPLEXES
Authors: HAYASHI T. , KONISHI M. , YOKOTA K. , KUMADA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Allylsilylether (I) und (V) reagieren in Gegenwart von NickeI‐Phosphin‐Katalysatoren mit Aryl‐Grignard‐Verbindungen (II) bevorzugt zu den Verbindungen (III), während bei Katalyse mit Palladium‐Phosphin‐Katalysatoren hauptsächlich die isorneren Verbindungen (IV) beobachtet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: FACILE ONE‐STEP SYNTHESIS OF PHENYL‐TERT‐BUTYLNITRONE (PBN) AND ITS DERIVATIVES
Authors: HUIE R. , CHERRY W. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn einer Eintopfreaktion entstehen aus den aromatischen Aldehyden (I) mit guten Ausbeuten die Nitrone (II).
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF ISOTHIOCYANATES FROM DITHIOCARBAMATES AND DIPHENYLTHIOPHOSPHINIC ACID CHLORIDE
Authors: BOEDEKER J. + , CAEMMERER B. + , KOECKRITZ P. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie aus den Dithiocarbamaten (Ia) erhaltenen Isothiocyanate (II) werden als Thioharnstoffe (III) charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CARBON‐13 NMR CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME Π‐EXCESSIVE HETEROPOLYAROMATIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: CARPITA A. , ROSSI R. , VERACINI C. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Darstellung der Bisarylverbindungen (III) bzw. (V) und der Terarylverbindungen (VII) und (VIII), die über n‐Elektronenüberschuß verfügen, wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐LITHIATION OF N‐ALKYLCARBAZOLES: PREPARATION OF N‐(E)‐STYRYLCARBAZOLE
Authors: KATRITZKY A. R. , SACZEWSKI F. , MARSON C. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung der aus Carbazol (Ia) durch Alkylierung entstehenden Schlüsselverbindung (Ib) mit den Elektrophilen (II) führt zu den N‐substituierten Carbazolen (III), von denen einige zu (IV) entschwefelt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF CONJUGATED ENAMINO THIOAMIDES TOWARD ACTIVATED ACETYLENIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: COEN S. , RAGONNET B. , VIEILLESCAZES C. , ROGGERO J.‐P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Enamidothioamide (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren mit den Acetylen‐Denvaten (IIa), (IIb) und (V) zu den Produkten (III), (IV) bzw. (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: SOME REACTIONS WITH 4‐(P‐CINNAMOYLANILINO)QUINOLINES
Authors: KAMEL M. M. , GADALLA K. Z. , EL‐HAMOULY W. S. , EL‐WASSIMI M. T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Darstellungen der Titelverbindungen (V) sowie der Derivate (VII)‐(X) werden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐AMINATION OF ISOQUINOLINE BASES
Authors: ANDREAE S. , SCHMITZ E. , SONNENSCHEIN H. , DOERNYEI G. + , SZANTAY C. , TAMAS J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den Isochinolinen (I) werden mit dem Oxaziridin (II) die Cyclohexylidenhydrazine (III) gebildet, die mit HCl zu den Hydrazinen (IV) gespalten werden, welche auch als Hydrazone (VI) charakterisiert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF SOME PYRIDO(3,4‐D)CARBAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: BIRD C. W. , WEE A. G. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Fischersche lndol‐Synthese wird zum Aufbau der im Titel genannten Heterocyclen aus den Isochinolin‐Derivaten (IV) herangezogen.
ChemInform Abstract: QUINOLINE AND ISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES. XIII. PREPARATION OF SOME DERIVATIVES S OF BENZO(IJ)QUINOLIZINE
Authors: SILHANKOVA A. , TRSKA P. , VLKOVA D. , FERLES M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas Tetrahydrochinolin (III) wird thermisch zu dem Tetrahydrobenzochinolizin (IVa) cyclisiert, von dem die Derivate (IVb)‐(IVd) abgeleitet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PRODUCTS OF FORMYLATION OF THIO AMIDES. 10. SYNTHESIS OF ESTERS OF SUBSTITUTED 3‐AMINO‐2‐PYRROLECARBOXYLIC ACIDS FROM THIOACRYLAMIDES AND GLYCINE ESTERS
Authors: KNOLL A. , LIEBSCHER J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Thioacrylsäuremorpholide (I) reagieren mit Glycinestern (II) unter Substitution zu (III).
ChemInform Abstract: IODINATION OF N‐ARYL‐2,4‐DIMETHYLBUTA‐1,3‐DIENE 1,4‐SULTAMS
Authors: FANGHAENEL E. + , MOHAMMED H. , RICHTER A. M. , RADEGLIA R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei Reaktion der Sultame (I) nach den Methoden A)‐C) werden die unterschiedlichen Produkte (Il)‐(IV) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: DIELS‐ALDER AND RETRO‐DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS: FROM N′‐(THIOACYL)FORMAMIDINES TO THIO AMIDE VINYLOGS
Authors: GOKOU C. T. , PRADERE J.‐P. , QUINIOU H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Cyclokondensation der Forrnamidine (I) mit (II) oder (IV) führt zu den Thiazinen (III) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF POLYAZA MACROCYCLES WITH ONE DIFFERENTIATED SECONDARY AMINE FUNCTION
Authors: PILICHOWSKI J. F. , LEHN J. M. , SAUVAGE J. P. , GRAMAIN J. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch die im Formelschema aufgeführte Synthesemethode gelingt es, ausgehend von der Reaktion zwischen den Tritosylaten (1) und den Trimesy1aten(II) die Makrocyclen (IV) zu synthetisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOLATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE CUBANE‐LIKE CLUSTER (CR4(OH)4(MHP)8) (MHP = 6‐METHYL‐2‐HYDROXYPYRIDINATE
Authors: AKHTER L. , CLEGG W. , COLLISON D. , GARNER C. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDer wie aufgezeigt aus dem bekannten (I) isolierte Komplex (II) kristallisiert in der RG P42/ n mit Z=2.
ChemInform Abstract: DINUCLEAR ARYLOXIDE CHEMISTRY. 3. SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, AND FLUXIONAL BEHAVIOR OF 1,2‐BIS(2‐TERT‐BUTYL‐6‐METHYLPHENOXY)TETRAKIS(DIMETHYLAMIDO)DIMOLYBDENUM AND ‐DITUNGSTEN (MM)
Authors: COFFINDAFFER T. W. , ROTHWELL I. P. , HUFFMANN J. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei Zugabe des entsprechenden Phenols zu der zweikernigen Verbindung (I) erhält man in guten Ausb. (keine genauen Angaben) die Titelverbindungen (II) mit Retention der Metall‐Metall‐Dreifachbindung.
ChemInform Abstract: STOICHIOMETRIC AND CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF THE (CO2(CO)6(μ2‐η2‐ALKYNE)) COMPLEXES
Authors: OSELLA D. , AIME S. , BOCCARDO D. , CASTIGLIONI M. , MILONE L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWährend (Ic) mit H2 nicht reagiert, unterliegen (Ia) und (Ib) der stöchiometrischen und katalytischen Hydrierungg bei 60°C mit niedrigen aber meßbaren Geschwindigkeiten unter anfänglicher Bildung des entsprechenden l‐Olefins bzw. der cis‐2‐Olefine, die in geringen Mengen zu den dazugehörigen Alkanen in einem thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht isomerisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF COBALT(II) PROTOPORPHYRIN IX‐DIMETHYL ESTER, (CO(II)P), AND (CO(III)P(CL)) IN COORDINATING ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS
Authors: PAVLOVIC D. , ASPERGER S. , DOKUZOVIC Z. , JURISIC B. , AHMETI X. , SERTIC M. , MURATI I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDer Chloro‐Co(III)‐Komplex (I) gibt in methanolischer Lösung das Chlorid sofort ab, wobei sich ein Gleichgewicht zwischen (III), (IV) und (V) einstellt.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSMETALATION OF TETRANUCLEAR COPPER COMPLEXES. 3. EFFECTS OF LIGANDS (L = N,N‐DIETHYLNICOTIMAMIDE OR ETHYL NICOTINATE; X = CL OR BR) ON THE PROPERTIES OF (LNI(H2O)X)4X4, (μ‐O)(LNI(H2O))4X4, AND (LCUNI(H2O)X2)2Y2 (Y = O OR CO3) COMPLEXES IN APROTIC SOLVENTS
Authors: CAI G.‐Z. , DAVIES G. , EL‐TOUKHY A. , GILBERT T. R. , HENARY M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie vierkernigen Cu(II)‐Komplexe (I), (IV), (VIa,b) und (IX) reagieren mit vier Molen der Ni(II)‐Komplexe (II) oder (VII) unter Bildung der homovierkernigen transmetallierten Produkte (III) bzw. (V) sowie der heterovierkernigen Isomeren (VIIIa), (VIIIb) bzw. (X).
ChemInform Abstract: CYANINE DYES BY (2 + 2)‐PHOTOCYCLOADDITION OF SUBSTITUTED 4‐(DIMETHYLAMINO)‐α‐HALOSTILBENES
Authors: PULST M. , WEISSENFELS M. , DIETZ F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch Reaktion der Desoxybenzoine (I) nach Vilsmeier werden nicht die erwarteten Formyl‐chlor‐stilbene erhalten, sondern die α‐I‐Ialogenstilbene (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF LONG‐CHAIN ALKYL ESTERS OF AMINO ACIDS
Authors: PENNEY C. L. , SHAH P. , LANDI S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVerschiedene Aminosäuren (I) werden mit Octadecanol (II) wie angegeben ohne Reinigung der Zwischenstufen zu den Estern (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: A FORMAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐IBOGAMINE
Authors: HUFFMAN J. W. , SHANMUGASUNDARAM G. , SAWDAYE R. , RAVEENDRANATH P. C. , DESAI R. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem Lacton (I) entsteht durch Grignard‐Reaktion und anschließende Veresterung die Verbindung (IIa), die zu einem Gemisch aus (IIa) und (IIb) isomerisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS OF 2‐CYANO‐1,2,3,6‐TETRAHYDROPYRIDINES. 2. SYNTHESIS OF ISODASYCARPIDONE AND RELATED SYSTEMS, THE ERVITSINE SKELETON AND ITS BENZO ANALOG
Authors: BOSCH J. , RUBIRALTA M. , DOMINGO A. , BOLOS J. , LINARES A. , MINGUILLON C. , AMAT M. , BONJOCH J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWie im Formelschema gezeigt, werden die Alkaloide (III), (IX) und (XII) synthetisiert.
Physiological and psychological challenges of increasing physical activity and exercise in patients at risk of diabetic foot ulcers: a critical review
Authors: Crews Ryan T. , Schneider Kristin L. , Yalla Sai V. , Reeves Neil D. , Vileikyte Loretta 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObesity and a sedentary lifestyle are common challenges among individuals at risk of diabetic foot ulcers. While substantial research exists on physical activity interventions in adults with diabetes, those at greatest risk for foot ulceration were often excluded or not well represented. Both at‐risk patients and their clinicians may be hesitant to increase physical activity because of their perception of diabetic foot ulcer risks. Physical activity is not contraindicated for those at risk of diabetic foot ulcer, yet patients at risk present with unique barriers to initiating increases in physical activity. This review focuses upon the physiological and psychological challenges of increasing physical activity and exercise in patients at risk of diabetic foot ulcers. Offloading, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, depression, pain, self‐efficacy and social support, diabetic foot ulcer risk‐specific beliefs and emotions, and research to date on exercise interventions in this population are all discussed. Additionally, recommendations for implementing and researching physical activity interventions for individuals at risk for diabetic foot ulcer are provided. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The predictive value of metabolic syndrome for cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Amouzegar Atieh , Mehran Ladan , Hasheminia Mitra , Kheirkhah Rahimabad Parnian , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe association of total and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality with metabolic syndrome (Mets) is controversial. We estimated the predictive value of MetS and its components for total and CVD mortality.Materials and methodsA total of 7932 subjects aged ≥ 30 years; participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study were enrolled and followed for 9.0 ± 2.3 years. MetS was defined according to three different definitions: World Health Organization (WHO), International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS).ResultsWHO‐MetS remained a significant predictor of total and CVD mortality in men (HR 1.66, 95%CI 1.23–2.24, p < 0.001; 1.93 HR 1.93, 95%CI 1.26–2.94, p = 0.002) and women (HR 2.01, 95%CI 1.39–2.88, p < 0.001; HR 2.71, 95%CI 1.44–5.09, p = 0.002), respectively. IDF‐MetS was associated with increased risk of total mortality only in women (HR 1.51, 95%CI 1.07–2.12, p = 0.01), but after controlling for diabetes, IDF and WHO‐MetS lost their associations. The incidence of CVD mortality was highest in WHO group (13.4) compared with IDF (8.5), JIS (8.14) and control (5.5) groups. The incidence of total mortality for WHO (27.1) was highest compared with IDF (17.7), JIS (16.5) and control (12.9) groups. In men, hypertension, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and abdominal obesity and in women, IFG (WHO criteria) and high triglycerides levels increased the risk of CVD mortality. In men, hypertension and IFG directly and high triglycerides inversely were associated with total mortality. In women, IFG and obesity increased the risk of all‐cause mortality.ConclusionDiagnosis of MetS seems no more informative than its individual components in predicting mortality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
iSTREEM®: An approach for broad-scale in-stream exposure assessment of “down-the-drain” chemicals
Authors: Kapo Katherine E , DeLeo Paul C , Vamshi Raghu , Holmes Christopher M , Ferrer Darci , Dyer Scott D , Wang Xinhao , White-Hull Charlotte 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The “in-stream exposure model” iSTREEM®, a Web-based model made freely available to the public by the American Cleaning Institute, provides a means to estimate concentrations of “down-the-drain” chemicals in effluent, receiving waters, and drinking water intakes across national and regional scales under mean annual and low-flow conditions. We provide an overview of the evolution and utility of the iSTREEM model as a screening-level risk assessment tool relevant for down-the-drain products. The spatial nature of the model, integrating point locations of facilities along a hydrologic network, provides a powerful framework to assess environmental exposure and risk in a spatial context. A case study compared national distributions of modeled concentrations of the fragrance 1,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8,-hexamethylcyclopenta-γ-2-benzopyran (HHCB) and the insect repellent N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) to available monitoring data at comparable flow conditions. The iSTREEM low-flow model results yielded a conservative distribution of values, whereas the mean-flow model results more closely resembled the concentration distribution of monitoring data. We demonstrate how model results can be used to construct a conservative estimation of the distribution of chemical concentrations for effluents and streams leading to the derivation of a predicted environmental concentration (PEC) using the high end of the concentration distribution (e.g., 90th percentile). Data requirements, assumptions, and applications of iSTREEM are discussed in the context of other down-the-drain modeling approaches to enhance understanding of comparative advantages and uncertainties for prospective users interested in exposure modeling for ecological risk assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:782–792. © 2016 SETAC
Human annulus signaling cues for nerve outgrowth: In vitro studies
Authors: Gruber Helen E. , Hoelscher Gretchen L. , Bullock Letitia , Ingram Jane A. , Norton H. James , Hanley Edward N. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe relationship between neurotrophins produced by human annulus cells, such as neurotrophin‐4 (NT4) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which function in neurite survival and outgrowth, and nerve ingrowth into the disc remains poorly understood. In this work, we tested F11 neurite growth during exposure to control media, media with added nerve growth factor (NGF), conditioned media (CM) harvested from previous human annulus culture, or co‐culture with annulus cells. Co‐culture of F11 cells with annulus cells significantly increased media levels of amphiregulin, BDNF, glial‐derived neurotrophic factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor compared to levels from in culture of F11 cells alone (p ≤ 0.04). Cell‐based assays of neurite growth revealed that BDNF levels present in CM bore a significant (p = 0.01) positive relationship to neurite length and accounted for 38.5% of the change in neurite length. NT4 levels produced during co‐culture with annulus cells bore a significant (p = 0.04) positive relationship to neurite length and accounted for 40.9% of the change in length. Statement of clinical significance: In vitro findings point to a potential role of annulus cells related to nerve ingrowth in vivo, and may have relevance in the outer annulus (where cell numbers are high) or in regions where nerves penetrate into annular tears or fissures. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1456–1465, 2016.
Initialization of high‐order accuracy immersed interface CFD solvers using complex CAD geometry
Authors: DesJardin Paul E. , Bojko Brian T. , McGurn Matthew T. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis study concerns the development of a numerical methodology for initializing immersed interface‐based CFD solvers for using complex computer‐aided design (CAD) geometry. CFD solvers with higher‐order discretization stencils require larger stencil widths, which become problematic in regions of space where insufficient mesh resolution is available. This problem becomes especially challenging when convoluted triangulated surface meshes generated from complex solid models are used to initialize the cut‐cells. A pragmatic balance between desired local geometry resolution and numerical accuracy is often required to find a practical solution. Here, a robust iterative fill algorithm is presented that balances geometry resolution with numerical accuracy (via stencil size). Several examples are presented to illustrate the use of this initialization procedure that employs both the original CAD generated triangulated surface mesh, along with a level set representation of the surface to initialize cut‐cells and boundary proximity measures for creation of CFD stencils. Convergence error analysis of surface area and enclosed volumes is first presented to show the effects of fill on the geometry as a function of desired stencil size and grid resolution. The algorithm is then applied to geometrically complex problems using large eddy simulation. Two problems are considered. The first is flow around the Eiffel Tower. The second is a combustion swirler in the context of a design problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When red means go: Non‐normative effects of red under sensation seeking
Authors: Mehta Ravi , Demmers Joris , van Dolen Willemijn M. , Weinberg Charles B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough previous research has identified red as the color of compliance, the current work proposes that this effect of red may not hold under high sensation‐seeking propensity conditions. It is argued that the color red has the capability to induce arousal, which in turn has been shown to enhance a person's default tendencies. Further, because high sensation seekers have a higher tendency to react, the exposure to the color red for these individuals will increase reactance and thereby non‐compliant behavior. One field study and two lab experiments provide support for this theorizing. The first experiment, a field study, examines prank‐chatting incidences at a child helpline and shows a positive effect of red on such non‐compliant behavior. Experiment 2 confirms this finding in a controlled lab setting and shows that when one has a high sensation‐seeking propensity, the color red positively affects one's attitude towards non‐compliance. The final study illuminates the underlying process and explicates the role of arousal and reactance in the color–non‐compliance relationship. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.