bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De la minorité de guerre au premier communisme français : construire l’histoire et les archives de la scission de Tours
Authors: Ducoulombier Romain 
Published: October 2016

Reprenant les grandes lignes de sa thèse, Romain Ducoulombier expose comment la thèse « accidentaliste » proposée par Annie Kriegel pour expliquer la naissance du Parti communiste français, présentée par elle comme une « greffe » du communisme bolchevique sur le corps de la SFIO, ne peut valablement rendre compte de la réalité de l’implantation du parti communiste en France ; qu’il faut bien plutôt penser la réalité du premier communisme français dans une conjoncture large, qui commence en 1914 et dure jusqu’au tournant des années 1924-1926, au moment du tournant de la « bolchevisation », à la fois conséquence et développement de la crise née au moment de la guerre à l’intérieur de la SIO.L’histoire de la naissance du communisme français s’inscrit dans celle de l’Internationale communiste, dans celle de la guerre de 1914-1918, mais d’abord dans l’histoire de la Gauche et de ses enjeux, en 1914 et pendant la guerre. Elle ne se réduit à aucune de ces problématiques, mais on peut considérer que la dépendance à l’égard de la crise provoquée dans le mouvement socialiste par la guerre de 1914 offre la voie d’accès la plus éclairante pour saisir la réalité de ce premier communisme français. C’est dans ce refus, la révolte de la minorité de guerre du Parti contre la guerre, dans le désir de régénérer le Parti socialiste d’une nouvelle génération de militants, qu’il faut chercher les sources de l’adhésion à la IIIe Internationale. Pour saisir la réalité de cette opinion militante qui provoqua l’adhésion à la IIIe Internationale, la nécessité d’une « histoire par le bas » s’impose. Elle est nécessaire pour comprendre qu’il s’est agit, en 1920, non pas de l’imposition d’un modèle bolchevique, mais bien plutôt d’une adaptation stratégique, par une nouvelle génération de cadres, à une nouvelle pratique militante pour la constitution d’un parti de type nouveau, dont le parti bolchevique apparut alors comme le modèle.Afin de documenter cette approche nouvelle, certains fonds d’archives imparfaitement exploités jusqu’à présent (fonds Albert Thomas et fonds Marcel Sembat aux Archives nationales ; fonds Dispan de Florant au centre d’archives de l’ENSP) ont permis à Romain Ducoulombier de vérifier efficacement ses hypothèses de travail. De même, le fonds dit Panthéon (dossiers de la sous-série F7 des Archives nationales) et surtout le fonds dit de Moscou, conservé à Fontainebleau, fournissent-ils un matériau documentaire de premier ordre et constituent-ils une référence documentaire incontournable, recoupant les fonds du RGASPI, pour jeter les bases d’une prosopographie complète des militants socialistes impliqués dans l’histoire de ce premier communisme français.
Une édition régionale de L’Humanité : L’Humanité du Midi (décembre 1923-novembre 1925)
Authors: Courban Alexandre 
Published: October 2016

Une édition régionale de L’Humanité, L’Humanité du Midi, fut expérimentée, entre 1921 et 1925, afin de tenter de répondre au besoin, d’une part, d’augmenter la pénétration du journal, d’autre part, de proposer un contenu plus riche aux lecteurs de province, qui ne pouvaient disposer, à la différence de la clientèle parisienne, d’une édition du quotidien plus étoffée, le dimanche dans la matinée, ce à quoi les premier ne pouvaient prétendre, étant donné les difficultés de la distribution. L’expérience commença par le Gard ; une édition se mit en place à Nîmes, puis d’autres régions suivirent, couvrant toute la partie sud de la France. La question du contenu était au centre des préoccupations des responsables de cette édition du Midi. Les militants ressentaient fortement le besoin d’une expression politique, en réponse à la presse bourgeoise. Il s’agissait donc de combiner à la fois une information relativement généraliste et localiste et une information plus militante, pari en grande partie tenu. Cependant, les difficultés organisationnelles dans les relations avec la direction nationale de L’Humanité, ajoutées aux difficultés financières, amenèrent les responsables de L’Humanité à arrêter la publication de L’Humanité du Midi en novembre 1925. Désormais, et pour une longue période - jusqu’à l’après-guerre -, la presse régionale communiste ne fut plus qu’hebdomadaire.
Die gebruik van ‘Skrifkritiek’: ’n Herbesinning
Authors: Van Deventer H.J.M. 
Published: October 2016

The use of ‘Scriptural criticism’: a Reflection. In the reformed theological world the term Scriptural criticism is a well-known concept. However, no clearly defined definition for this term exists in reformed circles. This contribution endeavours to fill this gap by focusing on the origin of the term specifically in the South African context. Also, it seeks to indicate how the term is used firstly, as having a specific meaning when reference is made to a method of biblical interpretation, as well as secondly, having a more general meaning related to a dogmatic point of view regarding the nature of the Bible and the role of a reader in understanding the Bible. It is suggested that reformed theology in the South African context should rethink the use of this term.
Numerical Analysis of Inverse Elasticity Problemwith Signorini's Condition
Authors: Zheng Cong , Cheng Xiaoliang , Liang Kewei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn optimal control problem is considered to find a stable surface traction, which minimizes the discrepancy between a given displacement field and its estimation. Firstly, the inverse elastic problem is constructed by variational inequalities, and a stable approximation of surface traction is obtained with Tikhonov regularization. Then a finite element discretization of the inverse elastic problem is analyzed. Moreover, the error estimation of the numerical solutions is deduced. Finally, a numerical algorithm is detailed and three examples in two-dimensional case illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm.
Toward Designing Information Display to Support Critical Care
Authors: Dunbar Sherry , Macpherson Brekk , Moretti Eugene , Del Fiol Guillherme , Bolte Jean , Taekman Jeffrey , Segall Noa , Wright Melanie 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjectives Electronic health information overload makes it difficult for providers to quickly find and interpret information to support care decisions. The purpose of this study was to better understand how clinicians use information in critical care to support the design of improved presentation of electronic health information.Methods We conducted a contextual analysis and visioning project. We used an eye-tracker to record 20 clinicians’ information use activities in critical care settings. We played video recordings back to clinicians in retrospective cued interviews and queried: 1) context and goals of information use, 2) impacts of current display design on use, and 3) processes related to information use. We analyzed interview transcripts using grounded theory-based content analysis techniques and identified emerging themes. From these, we conducted a visioning activity with a team of subject matter experts and identified key areas for focus of design and research for future display designs.Results Analyses revealed four unique critical care information use activities including new patient assessment, known patient status review, specific directed information seeking, and review and prioritization of multiple patients. Emerging themes were primarily related to a need for better representation of dynamic data such as vital signs and laboratory results, usability issues associated with reducing cognitive load and supporting efficient interaction, and processes for managing information. Visions for the future included designs that: 1) provide rapid access to new information, 2) organize by systems or problems as well as by current versus historical patient data, and 3) apply intelligence toward detecting and representing change and urgency.Conclusions The results from this study can be used to guide the design of future acute care electronic health information display. Additional research and collaboration is needed to refine and implement intelligent graphical user interfaces to improve clinical information organization and prioritization to support care decisions.Citation: Wright M, Dunbar S, Macpherson B, Moretti EW, Del Fiol G, Bolte J, Taekman JM, Segall, N. Toward designing information display to support critical care: A qualitative contextual evaluation and visioning effort.
The Versatile 2‐Substituted Imidazoline Nucleus as a Structural Motif of Ligands Directed to the Serotonin 5‐HT1A Receptor
Authors: Del Bello Fabio , Cilia Antonio , Carrieri Antonio , Fasano Domenico Claudio , Ghelardini Carla , Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo , Micheli Laura , Santini Carlo , Diamanti Eleonora , Giannella Mario , Giorgioni Gianfabio , Mammoli Valerio , Paoletti Corinne Dalila , Petrelli Riccardo , Piergentili Alessandro , Quaglia Wilma , Pigini Maria 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe involvement of the serotonin 5‐HT1A receptor (5‐HT1A‐R) in the antidepressant effect of allyphenyline and its analogues indicates that ligands bearing the 2‐substituted imidazoline nucleus as a structural motif interact with 5‐HT1A‐R. Therefore, we examined the 5‐HT1A‐R profile of several imidazoline molecules endowed with a common scaffold consisting of an aromatic moiety linked to the 2‐position of an imidazoline nucleus by a biatomic bridge. Our aim was to discover other ligands targeting 5‐HT1A‐R and to identify the structural features favoring 5‐HT1A‐R interaction. Structure–activity relationships, supported by modeling studies, suggested that some structural cliché such as a polar function and a methyl group in the bridge, as well as proper steric hindrance in the aromatic area of the above scaffold, favored 5‐HT1A‐R recognition and activation. We also highlighted the potent antidepressant‐like effect (mouse forced swimming test) of (S)‐(+)‐19 [(S)‐(+)‐naphtyline] at very low dose (0.01 mg kg−1). This effect was clearly mediated by 5‐HT1A, as it was significantly reduced by pretreatment with the 5‐HT1A antagonist WAY100635.
Parental supply of alcohol and alcohol consumption in adolescence: prospective cohort study
Authors: Mattick R. P. , Wadolowski M. , Aiken A. , Clare P. J. , Hutchinson D. , Najman J. , Slade T. , Bruno R. , McBride N. , Degenhardt L. , Kypri K. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundParents are a major supplier of alcohol to adolescents, yet there is limited research examining the impact of this on adolescent alcohol use. This study investigates associations between parental supply of alcohol, supply from other sources, and adolescent drinking, adjusting for child, parent, family and peer variables.MethodA cohort of 1927 adolescents was surveyed annually from 2010 to 2014. Measures include: consumption of whole drinks; binge drinking (>4 standard drinks on any occasion); parental supply of alcohol; supply from other sources; child, parent, family and peer covariates.ResultsAfter adjustment, adolescents supplied alcohol by parents had higher odds of drinking whole beverages [odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–2.45] than those not supplied by parents. However, parental supply was not associated with bingeing, and those supplied alcohol by parents typically consumed fewer drinks per occasion (incidence rate ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.96) than adolescents supplied only from other sources. Adolescents obtaining alcohol from non-parental sources had increased odds of drinking whole beverages (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.86–3.45) and bingeing (OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.53–4.87).ConclusionsParental supply of alcohol to adolescents was associated with increased risk of drinking, but not bingeing. These parentally-supplied children also consumed fewer drinks on a typical drinking occasion. Adolescents supplied alcohol from non-parental sources had greater odds of drinking and bingeing. Further follow-up is necessary to determine whether these patterns continue, and to examine alcohol-related harm trajectories. Parents should be advised that supply of alcohol may increase children's drinking.
SOCE proteins, STIM1 and Orai1, are localized to the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis of the first and second cell division cycles in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Chan Ching Man , Aw Jacqueline T. M. , Webb Sarah E. , Miller Andrew L. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIn zebrafish embryos, distinct Ca2+transients are localized to the early cleavage furrows during the first few cell division cycles. These transients are generated mainly by release via IP3Rs in the endoplasmic reticulum, and they are necessary for furrow positioning, propagation, deepening and apposition. We previously showed, via the use of inhibitors, that store-operated Ca2+entry (SOCE) also appears to be essential for maintaining the IP3R-mediated elevated levels of [Ca2+]ifor the extended periods required for the completion of successful furrow deepening and daughter cell apposition in these large embryonic cells. Here, newly fertilized, dechorionated embryos were fixed at various times during the first and second cell division cycles and immunolabelled with antibodies to STIM1 and/or Orai1 (key components of SOCE). We show that both of these proteins have a dynamic pattern of localization during cytokinesis of the first two cell division cycles. These new data help to support our previous inhibitor results, and provide additional evidence that SOCE contributes to the maintenance of the sustained elevated Ca2+that is required for the successful completion of cytokinesis in the large cells of embryonic zebrafish.
Duration of periconceptional folic acid supplementation in women booking for antenatal care
Authors: Cawley Shona , Mullaney Laura , Kennedy Rachel , Farren Maria , McCartney Daniel , Turner Michael J 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo provide accurate estimates of the commencement time, duration and dosage of folic acid (FA) supplementation taken by Irish women in the periconceptional period. The study also aimed to establish the factors associated with optimal FA supplementation practices.DesignCross-sectional observational study. Women’s clinical and sociodemographic details were computerised. Maternal weight and height were measured before calculating BMI. Detailed FA supplementation questionnaires were completed under the supervision of a trained researcher.SettingA large university maternity hospital, Republic of Ireland, January 2014–April 2016.SubjectsWomen (n856) recruited at their convenience in the first trimester.ResultsWhile almost all of the women (97 %) were taking FA at enrolment, only one in four women took FA for at least 12 weeks preconceptionally (n208). Among the 44 % of women who were supplementing with FA preconceptionally, 44 % (162/370) reported taking FA for less than the 12 weeks required to achieve optimal red-blood-cell folate levels for prevention of neural tube defects. On multivariate analysis, only planned pregnancy and nulliparity were associated with taking FA for at least 12 weeks preconceptionally. Among women who only took FA postconceptionally, almost two-thirds commenced it after day 28 of their pregnancy when the neural tube had already closed.ConclusionsAs the timing of FA was suboptimal both before and after conception, we recommend that current national FA guidelines need to be reviewed.
Non-farmed fish contribute to greater micronutrient intakes than farmed fish: results from an intra-household survey in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Bogard Jessica R , Marks Geoffrey C , Mamun Abdullah , Thilsted Shakuntala H 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveFish is the most important animal-source food (ASF) in Bangladesh, produced from capture fisheries (non-farmed) and aquaculture (farmed) sub-sectors. Large differences in micronutrient content of fish species from these sub-sectors exist. The importance of fish in diets of vulnerable groups compared with other ASF; contribution from non-farmed and farmed species to nutrient intakes; and differences in fish consumption among age, gender, wealth groups and geographic regions were analysed, using quantitative intra-household fish consumption data, focusing on the first 1000 d of life.DesignTwo-stage stratified sample.SettingNationally representative of rural Bangladesh.SubjectsHouseholds (n 5503) and individuals (n 24 198).ResultsFish consumption in poor households was almost half that in wealthiest households; and lower in females than males in all groups, except the wealthiest, and for those aged ≥15 years (P<0·01). In infants of complementary feeding age, 56 % did not consume ASF on the survey day, despite 78 % of mothers knowing this was recommended. Non-farmed fish made a larger contribution to Fe, Zn, Ca, vitamin A and vitamin B12 intakes than farmed fish (P<0·0001).ConclusionsPolicies and programmes aimed to increase fish consumption as a means to improve nutrition in rural Bangladesh should focus on women and young children, and on the poorest households. Aquaculture plays an important role in increasing availability and affordability of fish; however, non-farmed fish species are better placed to contribute to greater micronutrient intakes. This presents an opportunity for aquaculture to contribute to improved nutrition, utilising diverse production technologies and fish species, including small fish.
Where do food desert residents buy most of their junk food? Supermarkets
Authors: Vaughan Christine A , Cohen Deborah A , Ghosh-Dastidar Madhumita , Hunter Gerald P , Dubowitz Tamara 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objective
To examine where residents in an area with limited access to healthy foods (an urban food desert) purchased healthier and less healthy foods.

Design
Food shopping receipts were collected over a one-week period in 2013. These were analysed to describe where residents shopped for food and what types of food they bought.

Setting
Two low-income, predominantly African-American neighbourhoods with limited access to healthy foods in Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Subjects
Two hundred and ninety-three households in which the primary food shoppers were predominantly female (77·8 %) and non-Hispanic black (91·1 %) adults.

Results
Full-service supermarkets were by far the most common food retail outlet from which food receipts were returned and accounted for a much larger proportion (57·4 %) of food and beverage expenditures, both healthy and unhealthy, than other food retail outlets. Although patronized less frequently, convenience stores were notable purveyors of unhealthy foods.

Conclusions
Findings highlight the need to implement policies that can help to decrease unhealthy food purchases in full-service supermarkets and convenience stores and increase healthy food purchases in convenience stores.
Thermopile detector of light ellipticity
Authors: Lu Feng , Lee Jongwon , Jiang Aiting , Jung Seungyong , Belkin Mikhail A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPolarimetric imaging is widely used in applications from material analysis to biomedical diagnostics, vision and astronomy. The degree of circular polarization, or light ellipticity, is associated with the S3 Stokes parameter which is defined as the difference in the intensities of the left- and right-circularly polarized components of light. Traditional way of determining this parameter relies on using several external optical elements, such as polarizers and wave plates, along with conventional photodetectors, and performing at least two measurements to distinguish left- and right-circularly polarized light components. Here we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a thermopile photodetector element that provides bipolar voltage output directly proportional to the S3 Stokes parameter of the incident light.
Classical non-homologous end-joining pathway utilizes nascent RNA for error-free double-strand break repair of transcribed genes
Authors: Chakraborty Anirban , Tapryal Nisha , Venkova Tatiana , Horikoshi Nobuo , Pandita Raj K. , Sarker Altaf H. , Sarkar Partha S. , Pandita Tej K. , Hazra Tapas K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) leading to loss of nucleotides in the transcribed region can be lethal. Classical non-homologous end-joining (C-NHEJ) is the dominant pathway for DSB repair (DSBR) in adult mammalian cells. Here we report that during such DSBR, mammalian C-NHEJ proteins form a multiprotein complex with RNA polymerase II and preferentially associate with the transcribed genes after DSB induction. Depletion of C-NHEJ factors significantly abrogates DSBR in transcribed but not in non-transcribed genes. We hypothesized that nascent RNA can serve as a template for restoring the missing sequences, thus allowing error-free DSBR. We indeed found pre-mRNA in the C-NHEJ complex. Finally, when a DSB-containing plasmid with several nucleotides deleted within the E. coli lacZ gene was allowed time to repair in lacZ-expressing mammalian cells, a functional lacZ plasmid could be recovered from control but not C-NHEJ factor-depleted cells, providing important mechanistic insights into C-NHEJ-mediated error-free DSBR of the transcribed genome.
Missense-depleted regions in population exomes implicate ras superfamily nucleotide-binding protein alteration in patients with brain malformation
Authors: Ge Xiaoyan , Gong Henry , Dumas Kevin , Litwin Jessica , Phillips Joanna J , Waisfisz Quinten , Weiss Marjan M , Hendriks Yvonne , Stuurman Kyra E , Nelson Stanley F , Grody Wayne W , Lee Hane , Kwok Pui-Yan , Shieh Joseph T C 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGenomic sequence interpretation can miss clinically relevant missense variants for several reasons. Rare missense variants are numerous in the exome and difficult to prioritise. Affected genes may also not have existing disease association. To improve variant prioritisation, we leverage population exome data to identify intragenic missense-depleted regions (MDRs) genome-wide that may be important in disease. We then use missense depletion analyses to help prioritise undiagnosed disease exome variants. We demonstrate application of this strategy to identify a novel gene association for human brain malformation. We identified de novo missense variants that affect the GDP/GTP-binding site of ARF1 in three unrelated patients. Corresponding functional analysis suggests ARF1 GDP/GTP-activation is affected by the specific missense mutations associated with heterotopia. These findings expand the genetic pathway underpinning neurologic disease that classically includes FLNA. ARF1 along with ARFGEF2 add further evidence implicating ARF/GEFs in the brain. Using functional ontology, top MDR-containing genes were highly enriched for nucleotide-binding function, suggesting these may be candidates for human disease. Routine consideration of MDR in the interpretation of exome data for rare diseases may help identify strong genetic factors for many severe conditions, infertility/reduction in reproductive capability, and embryonic conditions contributing to preterm loss.