bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Dioxide and Methane in the China Sea Shelf Boundary Layer Observed by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
Authors: Zang Kun-Peng , Zhou Ling-Xi , Wang Ju-Ying 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHigh-accuracy continuous ship-based cavity ring-down spectroscopy was used to simultaneously measure the mixing ratios of the carbon dioxide and methane in the China Sea shelf boundary layer for the first time, from 22 March to 2 April 2013. The mixing ratios of CO2 and CH4 ranged from 397.40 to 432.40 µmol mol−1 and from 1812.8 to 2068.7 nmol mol−1, respectively. Measurement data showed latitudinal distributions, with a slight fluctuation between 35.52° and 22.00°N but a sharp decline from 22.00° to 20.50°N. This distribution was not only the result of airmass transport from the Asian continent and Pacific Ocean induced by winter monsoon and trade winds but also by air–sea exchange and atmospheric chemical processes. Moreover, mixing ratios of CO2 and CH4 showed a temporal and spatial correlation that was possibly due to the effects of multisource air masses and their mixed status.
What is the most suitable MR signal index for quantitative evaluation of placental function using Half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo compared with T2-relaxation time?
Authors: Kameyama Kyoko Nakao , Kido Aki , Himoto Yuki , Moribata Yusaku , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Konishi Ikuo , Togashi Kaori 
Published: September 2017

Background Half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) imaging is now widely used for placental and fetal imaging because of its rapidity and low sensitivity to fetal movement. If placental dysfunction is also predicted by quantitative value obtained from HASTE image, then it might be beneficial for evaluating placental wellbeing. Purpose To ascertain the most suitable magnetic resonance (MR) signal indexes reflecting placental function using HASTE imaging. Material and Methods This retrospective study included 37 consequent patients who had given informed consent to MR imaging (MRI) examinations. All had undergone MRI examinations between February 2014 and June 2015. First, the correlation between T2-relaxation time of normal placenta and gestational age (GA) was examined. Second, correlation between signal intensity ratios (SIRs) using HASTE imaging and placental T2-relaxation time were assessed. The SIRs were calculated using placental signal intensity (SI) relative to the SI of the amniotic fluid, fetal ocular globes, gastric fluid, bladder, maternal psoas major muscles, and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results Among the 37 patients, the correlation between T2-relaxation time of the 25 normal placentas and GA showed a moderately strong correlation (Spearman rho = –0.447, P = 0.0250). The most significant correlation with placental T2-relaxation time was observed with the placental SIR relative to the maternal psoas major muscles (SIRpl./psoas muscle) (Spearman rho = −0.531, P = 0.0007). Conclusion This study revealed that SIRpl./psoas muscle showed the best correlation to placental T2-relaxation time. Results show that SIRpl./psoas muscle might be optimal as a clinically available quantitative index of placental function.
Differentiation of grade II and III oligodendrogliomas from grade II and III astrocytomas: a histogram analysis of perfusion parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Ahn Kook Jin , Lee Youn Soo , Jang Jin Hee , Jung So Lyung , Kim Bum Soo 
Published: September 2017

Background Since oligodendroglial tumors are sensitive to chemotherapy and have a better prognosis, the differentiation of oligodendroglial tumors (OT) from astrocytic tumors (AT) is important. Purpose To investigate the perfusion and permeability parameters that differentiate grade II and III OT from AT, using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the DCE and DSC MRIs of 39 patients with OT (OTs, n = 19; grade II, n = 12 and grade III, n = 7) and AT (ATs, n = 20; grade II, n = 7 and grade III, n = 13). Glioblastomas were not included. Various histogram parameters of relative cerebral blood volume, volume transfer constant (Ktrans), flux rate constant (Kep), plasma volume fraction (Vp), and extravascular extracellular volume fraction (Ve) from DSC and DCE MRI, were compared between the two groups. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to distinguish OT from AT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Results On the results of DCE MRI, most of the histogram parameters of Ktrans, Kep, and Ve showed tendencies toward higher values in OT than AT. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that the 50th Kep and 95th Ktrans were the most significant parameters predictive of OT, with an odds ratio of 3.7 and 2.5, respectively ( P = 0.004 and 0.03). The area under the curve from the ROC curve analysis for the 50th Kep and the 95th Ktrans were 0.81 and 0.80, respectively. Conclusion The DCE MRI-derived parameters of Ktrans and Kep could facilitate differentiation of OT from AT.
Freehand 3T MR-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VAB): a five-year experience
Authors: Gristina Licia , Rescinito Giuseppe , Garlaschi Alessandro , Tosto Simona , Cevasco Luca , Calabrese Massimo 
Published: September 2017

Background Magnetic resonance (MR) permits the detection of some malignant lesions that cannot be identified with mammography or ultrasonography. The characterization of these MR-only detectable lesions often requires a biopsy. Purpose To evaluate the technique, the feasibility and the accuracy of freehand 3T MR-guided VAB for the characterization of suspicious, MR-only detectable lesions and to compare VAB results with surgical pathology and follow-up imaging results. Material and Methods During 2010–2015, 118 women who were referred for MR-guided VAB were retrospectively reviewed. All BI-RADS MR 4 and 5 lesions and some BI-RADS MR 3 lesions (according to clinical context and patient anxiety) were scheduled to undergo biopsy. Results A total of 123 suspicious lesions were retrospectively selected. Technical failures occurred in only two cases (1.6%) due to the location of the lesions. Histopathological results revealed 59 benign lesions (48%), 27 high-risk lesions (22%), and 35 malignant lesions (28.4%). Surgical pathology results led to the reclassification of eight B3 lesions: one proved to be a ductal carcinoma in situ, while seven presented with invasive features. B3 underestimation also occurred in 29% of the cases. MR follow-up was achieved for all the benign lesions and no false-negative cases were observed. No complications, 3T-related artefacts, or difficulties were observed. Conclusion Freehand 3T MR-guided VAB was found to be a valid, safe, fast, and inexpensive alternative to surgical histology.
Postoperative continuous catheter-infused local anesthetic reduces pain scores and narcotic use after lower extremity revascularization
Authors: Shutze William , Shutze Jr William P , Prajapati Purvi , Ogola Gerald , Schauer Jordan , Biller Emily , Douville Nicholas , Shutze Ryan A 
Published: September 2017

Objective Postoperative pain following lower extremity revascularization procedures is traditionally controlled with narcotic administration. However, this may not adequately control the pain and puts the patient at risk for complications from opiate use. Here we report an alternative strategy for pain management using a continuous catheter-infused local anesthetic into the operative limb. Design Retrospective case–control study. Methods Patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization procedures using continuous catheter-infused local anesthetic were compared to similar patients undergoing similar procedures during the same time period who did not receive continuous catheter-infused local anesthetic. Records were reviewed for pain scores, narcotics consumption, length of stay, need for postoperative chest X-ray, supplemental oxygen use, wound complications, and 30-day readmission. Results There were 153 patients (mean age 69.5 years) from September 2011 to December 2014 who underwent common femoral artery procedures, femoral-popliteal bypass, femoral-tibial bypass, popliteal aneurysm repair, popliteal to pedal bypass, popliteal artery thrombo-embolectomy, sapheno-popliteal venous bypass, or ilio-femoral bypass. There were no significant differences between the continuous catheter-infused local anesthetic ( n=57) and control ( n=96) groups regarding age, body mass index, cardiac history, diabetes, hypertension, and procedures performed. The continuous catheter-infused local anesthetic group showed better cumulative average pain scores, better high pain scores on postoperative days 1–3, and better average pain scores on postoperative days 2–3 ( P<0.03). The continuous catheter-infused local anesthetic group had lower median narcotics consumption on postoperative days 1–2 ( P=0.02). No differences were found in postoperative length of stay, urinary catheter use, number of postoperative chest X-rays, oxygen use, mobilization, or fever. Wound complications occurred in 8.8% of the continuous catheter-infused local anesthetic group and in 11.5% of controls (P=0.79). Readmission rates were 23% (continuous catheter-infused local anesthetic) and 21% (controls; P=0.84). Conclusion Postoperative continuous catheter-infused local anesthetic reduces pain scores and pain medication use compared to standard opiate therapy in these patients, without increasing wound complication or readmission rates. Continuous catheter-infused local anesthetic appeared to have no effect on the incidence of pulmonary complications, mobilization, or fever.
Stem Cells in Spinal Fusion
Authors: Robbins Michael A. , Haudenschild Dominik R. , Wegner Adam M. , Klineberg Eric O. 
Published: September 2017

Study Design: Review of literature. Objectives: This review of literature investigates the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in spinal fusion, highlights potential uses in the development of bone grafts, and discusses limitations based on both preclinical and clinical models. Methods: A review of literature was conducted looking at current studies using stem cells for augmentation of spinal fusion in both animal and human models. Results: Eleven preclinical studies were found that used various animal models. Average fusion rates across studies were 59.8% for autograft and 73.7% for stem cell–based grafts. Outcomes included manual palpation and stressing of the fusion, radiography, micro–computed tomography (μCT), and histological analysis. Fifteen clinical studies, 7 prospective and 8 retrospective, were found. Fusion rates ranged from 60% to 100%, averaging 87.1% in experimental groups and 87.2% in autograft control groups. Conclusions: It appears that there is minimal clinical difference between commercially available stem cells and bone marrow aspirates indicating that MSCs may be a good choice in a patient with poor marrow quality. Overcoming morbidity and limitations of autograft for spinal fusion, remains a significant problem for spinal surgeons and further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of stem cells in augmenting spinal fusion.
The immunophilin FKBP12 inhibits hepcidin expression by binding the BMP type I receptor ALK2 in hepatocytes
Authors: Colucci Silvia , Pagani Alessia , Pettinato Mariateresa , Artuso Irene , Nai Antonella , Camaschella Clara , Silvestri Laura 
Published: September 2017

Key Points
FKBP12 suppresses hepcidin by interaction with the BMP receptor ALK2. Disruption of FKBP12–ALK2 interaction increases hepcidin and renders the receptor responsive to the inflammatory ligand Activin A.
Twist1 regulates embryonic hematopoietic differentiation through binding to Myb and Gata2 promoter regions
Authors: Kulkeaw Kasem , Inoue Tomoko , Iino Tadafumi , Tani Kenzaburo , Akashi Koichi , Speck Nancy A. , Nakanishi Yoichi , Sugiyama Daisuke 
Published: September 2017

Key PointsTwist1, a hematopoietic transcription factor, is highly expressed in embryonic HSPCs. Twist1 functions in embryonic HSPC differentiation through binding to Myb and Gata2 promoter regions and activates their transcription.
Long-term outcomes of bronchial thermoplasty in subjects with severe asthma: a comparison of 3-year follow-up results from two prospective multicentre studies
Authors: Chupp Geoffrey , Laviolette Michel , Cohn Lauren , McEvoy Charlene , Bansal Sandeep , Shifren Adrian , Khatri Sumita , Grubb G. Mark , McMullen Edmund , Strauven Racho , Kline Joel N. 
Published: September 2017

Bronchial thermoplasty is an endoscopic therapy for severe asthma. The previously reported, randomised sham-controlled AIR2 (Asthma Intervention Research 2) trial showed a significant reduction in severe asthma exacerbations, emergency department visits and hospitalisations after bronchial thermoplasty. More “real-world” clinical outcome data is needed.This article compares outcomes in bronchial thermoplasty subjects with 3 years of follow-up from the ongoing, post-market PAS2 (Post-FDA Approval Clinical Trial Evaluating Bronchial Thermoplasty in Severe Persistent Asthma) study with those from the AIR2 trial.279 subjects were treated with bronchial thermoplasty in the PAS2 study. We compared the first 190 PAS2 subjects with the 190 bronchial thermoplasty-treated subjects in the AIR2 trial at 3 years of follow-up. The PAS2 subjects were older (mean age 45.9versus40.7 years) and more obese (mean body mass index 32.5versus29.3 kg·m−2) and took higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids (mean dose 2301versus1961 μg·day−1). More PAS2 subjects had experienced severe exacerbations (74%versus52%) and hospitalisations (15.3%versus4.2%) in the 12 months prior to bronchial thermoplasty. At year 3 after bronchial thermoplasty, the percentage of PAS2 subjects with severe exacerbations, emergency department visits and hospitalisations significantly decreased by 45%, 55% and 40%, respectively, echoing the AIR2 results.The PAS2 study demonstrates similar improvements in asthma control after bronchial thermoplasty compared with the AIR2 trial despite enrolling subjects who may have had poorer asthma control.
Prdm13 forms a feedback loop with Ptf1a and is required for glycinergic amacrine cell genesis in the Xenopus Retina
Authors: Bessodes Nathalie , Parain Karine , Bronchain Odile , Bellefroid Eric J. , Perron Muriel 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Amacrine interneurons that modulate synaptic plasticity between bipolar and ganglion cells constitute the most diverse cell type in the retina. Most are inhibitory neurons using either GABA or glycine as neurotransmitters. Although several transcription factors involved in amacrine cell fate determination have been identified, mechanisms underlying amacrine cell subtype specification remain to be further understood. The Prdm13 histone methyltransferase encoding gene is a target of the transcription factor Ptf1a, an essential regulator of inhibitory neuron cell fate in the retina. Here, we have deepened our knowledge on its interaction with Ptf1a and investigated its role in amacrine cell subtype determination in the developing Xenopus retina.

Methods
We performed prdm13 gain and loss of function in Xenopus and assessed the impact on retinal cell fate determination using RT-qPCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.

Results
We found that prdm13 in the amphibian Xenopus is expressed in few retinal progenitors and in about 40% of mature amacrine cells, predominantly in glycinergic ones. Clonal analysis in the retina reveals that prdm13 overexpression favours amacrine cell fate determination, with a bias towards glycinergic cells. Conversely, knockdown of prdm13 specifically inhibits glycinergic amacrine cell genesis. We also showed that, as in the neural tube, prdm13 is subjected to a negative autoregulation in the retina. Our data suggest that this is likely due to its ability to repress the expression of its inducer, ptf1a.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that Prdm13, downstream of Ptf1a, acts as an important regulator of glycinergic amacrine subtype specification in the Xenopus retina. We also reveal that Prdm13 regulates ptf1a expression through a negative feedback loop.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in psychiatry
Authors: Lai Cynthia Y. Y. , Ho Cyrus S. H. , Lim Charmaine R. , Ho Roger C. M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been used in healthcare and medical research for the past two decades. In particular, the use of fNIRS in academic and clinical psychiatry has increased rapidly owing to its advantages over other neuroimaging modalities. fNIRS is a tool that can potentially supplement clinical interviews and mental state examinations to establish a psychiatric diagnosis and monitor treatment progress. This article provides a review of the theoretical background of fNIRS, key principles of its applications in psychiatry and its limitations, and shares a vision of its future applicability in psychiatric research and clinical practice.Learning Objectives• Understand the theoretical background, mechanism of action and clinical applications of fNIRS and compare it to other neuroimaging modalities• Understand the use of fNIRS in academic and clinical psychiatry through current research findings• Be able to evaluate the future potential of fNIRS and formulate new ideas for using fNIRS in academic and clinical psychiatry
Disordered eating in older people: Some causes and treatments
Authors: Aziz Victor M. , Rafferty Danika , Jurewicz Isabella 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis overview considers causes of disordered eating, including eating disorders, in older people. Eating disorders are becoming more common in older adults and research has shown a related mortality of 21%. The wide range of medical and pharmacological causes of weight loss in older people means that eating disorders may go undetected, occurring insidiously and surreptitiously.Learning Objectives• Be aware of the numerous causes of weight loss in older people, and understand that eating disorders are not about weight but about control• Appreciate that physical and mental health problems and polypharmacy affect eating and weight• Understand that successful management focuses on a combination of pharmacological and behavioural interventions
Bipolar disorder and addictions: The elephant in the room
Authors: Stokes Paul R. A. , Kalk Nicola J. , Young Allan H. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAddictions are highly prevalent in bipolar disorder and greatly affect clinical outcomes. In this editorial, we review the evidence that addictions are a key challenge in bipolar disorder, examine putative neurobiological mechanisms, and reflect on the limited clinical trial evidence base with suggestions for treatment strategies and further developments.
Do antipsychotic drugs lose their efficacy for relapse prevention over time?
Authors: Leucht Stefan , Davis John M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThere is a debate about long-term treatment of schizophrenia with antipsychotic drugs, with some experts suggesting that these drugs should be discontinued. In this issue, Takeuchi et al demonstrated by a meta-analysis of 11 trials that antipsychotic drugs maintained their efficacy for relapse prevention for 1 year, whereas patients on placebo kept getting worse. We consider these findings in the light of the current discussion about possible dose-related brain volume loss, supersensitivity psychosis, the high variability of results in long-term follow-up studies and recent approaches to discontinue antipsychotics in patients with a first-episode. The new findings speak in favour of continuing antipsychotics at the same dose, at least in patients whose condition is chronic, but the topic is complex.
Closing the mortality gap for severe mental illness: Are we going in the right direction?
Authors: Siddiqi Najma , Doran Tim , Prady Stephanie L. , Taylor Johanna 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIn this editorial, we discuss a UK-based cohort study examining the mortality gap for people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder from 2000 to 2014. There have been concerted efforts to improve physical and mental healthcare for this population in recent decades. Have these initiatives reduced mortality and ‘closed the gap’?
Transfusion of Older Red Blood Cells Increases the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Wang Yue , Li Qingshan , Ma Tao , Liu Xuemin , Wang Bo , Wu Zheng , Dang Shaonong , Lv Yi , Wu Rongqian 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Transfusion of older red blood cells (RBCs) has been implicated in poor outcomes in trauma, cardiac surgery, and critically ill patients. However, whether transfusion of older RBCs plays any role in post-OLT AKI remained unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the age of transfused RBCs on post-OLT AKI.

METHODS:
The clinical data of consecutive adult patients who received donation after cardiac death and underwent OLT from December 2011 to December 2015 were analyzed. These patients were divided into 2 groups: the newer blood group, who received exclusively RBCs that had been stored for <14 days; and the older blood group, who received RBCs that had been stored for 14 days or more. The incidence of post-OLT AKI, severe AKI, lengths of intensive care unit and hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality after OLT were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Postoperative AKI occurred in 65.1% of patients in the older blood group and 40.5% of patients in the newer blood group (P < .01). The incidence of severe AKI after OLT was significantly higher, and the duration of intensive care unit stay was significantly longer, in the older blood group. After adjustment by the multivariable regression logistic analysis, transfusion of older blood was independently associated with post-OLT AKI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.47 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.13–5.41]; P = .024) and severe AKI (OR = 5.88 [95% CI, 2.06–16.80]; P = .001). After adjustment by the inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis, patients in the older blood group still had significantly higher incidences of postoperative AKI (OR = 2.13 [95% CI, 1.07–4.22]; P = .030) and severe AKI (OR = 3.34 [95% CI, 1.47–7.60]; P = .003) than those in the newer blood group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Transfusion of older RBCs significantly increased the risk of postoperative AKI in liver transplant recipients.