bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardized toxicity testing may underestimate ecotoxicity: Environmentally relevant food rations increase the toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Daphnia
Authors: Stevenson Louise M. , Krattenmaker Katherine E. , Johnson Erica , Bowers Alexandra J. , Adeleye Adeyemi S. , McCauley Edward , Nisbet Roger M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Daphnia in the natural environment experience fluctuations in algal food supply, with periods when algal populations bloom and seasons when Daphnia have very little algal food. Standardized chronic toxicity tests, used for ecological risk assessment, dictate that Daphnia must be fed up to 400 times more food than they would experience in the natural environment (outside of algal blooms) for a toxicity test to be valid. This disconnect can lead to underestimating the toxicity of a contaminant. We followed the growth, reproduction, and survival of Daphnia exposed to 75 and 200 µg/L silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at 4 food rations for up to 99 d and found that AgNP exposure at low, environmentally relevant food rations increased the toxicity of AgNPs. Exposure to AgNP at low food rations decreased the survival and/or reproduction of individuals, with potential consequences for Daphnia populations (based on calculated specific population growth rates). We also found tentative evidence that a sublethal concentration of AgNPs (75 µg/L) caused Daphnia to alter energy allocation away from reproduction and toward survival and growth. The present findings emphasize the need to consider resource availability, and not just exposure, in the environment when estimating the effect of a toxicant. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3008–3018. © 2017 SETAC
A collaborative key management scheme for distributed smart objects
Authors: Hendaoui Fatma , Eltaief Hamdi , Youssef Habib 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSecure communication of Internet of Things (IoT) devices relies on cryptographic approaches whose robustness is based on the security of encryption keys. For instance, an adequate key management scheme must be used to properly manage the used keys. Designing an efficient and robust key management scheme for the connected devices is a challenging task. Reported key management schemes suffer from several deficiencies such as the single point of failure and the non–trade‐off between scalability, connectivity, and resiliency. This paper first reviews key management schemes in the context of the IoT. Then, we propose a collaborative lightweight key management scheme that secures the keys during the life cycle of the embedded devices. Our proposal relies on the collaboration of the smart devices, where all the devices participate in the construction of the global key. Following the analytical and the comparative studies, we show that our proposal can be integrated in several communication protocols designated for embedded devices such as IEEE 802.15.4. Simulation results validate the analytical study and show that the proposed collaborative group key scheme exhibits superior performance when compared with two corresponding schemes reported in the literature.
Relation Between Ni Particle Shape Change and Ni Migration in Ni–YSZ Electrodes – a Hypothesis
Authors: Mogensen M. B. , Hauch A. , Sun X. , Chen M. , Tao Y. , Ebbesen S. D. , Hansen K. V. , Hendriksen P. V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper deals with degradation mechanisms of Ni–YSZ electrodes for solid oxide cells, mainly solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs), but also to some extent solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Analysis of literature data reveals that several apparently different and even in one case apparently contradicting degradation phenomena are a consequence of interplay between loss of contact between the Ni–YSZ (and Ni–Ni particles) in the active fine‐structured composite fuel electrode layer and migration of Ni via weakly oxidized Ni hydroxide species. A hypothesis that unravels the apparent contradiction and explains qualitatively the phenomena is presented, and as a side effect, light has been shed on a degradation phenomenon in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) that has been observed during a decade.
Scale‐up of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Magnetron Sputtered Electrolyte
Authors: Solovyev A. A. , Lebedynskiy A. M. , Shipilova A. V. , Ionov I. V. , Smolyanskiy E. A. , Lauk A. L. , Remnev G. E. , Maslov A. S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe possibility of fabricating large‐area solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) with thin film electrolyte using a commercial physical vapor deposition technology is investigated. Yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/gadolinium‐doped ceria (GDC) bilayer electrolyte is successfully deposited on a 10 × 5 cm2 commercial NiO/YSZ anode support by reactive magnetron sputtering. The microstructure of the fuel cells was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Current‐voltage characteristics of fuel cells at a temperature of 750°C and their power stability under electrical load were investigated. Single cells with La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3/ Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95 (LSCF/GDC) cathode had an open cell voltage of 1.14 V and a maximum power density of 490 mW cm−2 at 750 °C using H2/N2 gas mixture as fuel and air as the oxidant. Three‐cell planar SOFC stack using 10 × 5 cm2 anode‐supported unit cells with power density of 450 mW cm−2 at a voltage of 0.7 V per cell has been assembled and tested.
Catalyst regeneration using CO2 as reactant through reverse‐Boudouard reaction with coke
Authors: Pereira Sérgio Castro , Ribeiro M. Filipa , Batalha Nuno , Pereira Marcelo Maciel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe possibility of CO2 recycling into standard refinery can largely mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. It was previously demonstrated that alumina modified by either potassium or lithium in the presence of vanadium was able to promote the reaction of CO2 with coke in the presence of O2 during the regeneration step of a spent catalyst. Herein, vanadium‐sodium and vanadium‐calcium on alumina were used to achieve that reaction. These catalysts showed slightly lower conversion compared to previously catalysts. However, regardless of the type of group I and II elements, all catalysts showed very similar apparent activation energy (Eaapp) for the coke oxidation with CO2 reaction (), i.e., in the range of 188–193 kJ.mol−1. In contrast without vanadium, Eaapp was in the range of 242–253 kJ.mol−1. Therefore, CO2 is activated in a site composed of V‐O‐(group I or II) in the coke proximity. Moreover, these results clearly support that vanadium plays the main role in the type of activation complex, independently of the group I and II metal used and most probably in the dissociative step of CO2. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
White matter microstructure in athletes with a history of concussion: Comparing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI)
Authors: Churchill Nathan W. , Caverzasi Eduardo , Graham Simon J. , Hutchison Michael G. , Schweizer Tom A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSport concussion is associated with disturbances in brain function in the absence of gross anatomical lesions, and may have long‐term health consequences. Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods provide a powerful tool for investigating alterations in white matter microstructure reflecting the long‐term effects of concussion. In a previous study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) showed that athletes with a history of concussion had elevated fractional anisotropy (FA) and reduced mean diffusivity (MD) parameters. To better understand these effects, this study compared DTI results to neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), which was used to estimate the intracellular volume fraction (VIC) and orientation dispersion index (ODI). Sixty‐eight (68) varsity athletes were recruited, including 37 without a history of concussion and 31 with concussion >6 months prior to imaging. Univariate analyses showed elevated FA and decreased MD for concussed athletes, along with increased VIC and reduced ODI, indicating greater neurite density and coherence of neurite orientation within white matter. Multivariate analyses also showed that for athletes with a history of concussion, white matter regions with increased FA had increased VIC and decreased ODI, with greater effects among athletes who were imaged a longer time since their last concussion. These findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between the biophysics of water diffusion and concussion neurobiology for young, healthy adults. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4201–4211, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The implications of regional variations in rainfall for reconstructing rainfall patterns using tree rings
Authors: Haines Heather A. , Olley Jon M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn Australia, multidecadal periods of floods and droughts have major economic consequences. Due to the short duration of Australian instrumental precipitation records, it is difficult to determine the patterns of these multidecadal periods. Proxy records can be used to create long‐term rainfall reconstructions for regions that are lacking instrumental data. However, the spatial extent over which single‐site proxy records can be applied is poorly understood. Southeast Queensland (SEQ) is an area where tree rings can be used to reconstruct long‐term rainfall patterns, but their regional representation is unknown. In this study, the spatial variability in rainfall across SEQ is investigated from 1908 to 2007 using 140 instrumental rainfall stations. Pearson correlation analysis between stations is used to create groups at the r = 0.80, 0.85, and 0.90 correlation levels, and then annual deviations from the mean are determined. These patterns indicate that rainfall is not uniform across SEQ but can be broken into 2 main spatially consistent groups. Each of these groups is broken down into several subgroups with higher correlation levels. Long‐term streamflow records are found to be correlated to rainfall patterns local to the streamflow stations, indicating that analysis of extreme events should consider spatial precipitation variability. Finally, the only currently available proxy rainfall reconstruction for the region, a 140‐year Toona ciliata tree ring width record from Lamington National Park, is compared to rainfall groups at different correlation levels across all of SEQ. The correlation between the reconstruction and the rainfall station groupings is best for the groups within which the tree‐ring record is spatially located, and this correlation improves as rainfall group correlation increases. Correlation is nearly nonexistent for groupings located at a distance from the tree‐ring site. These results demonstrate the importance of assessing the spatial variability of precipitation so that the spatial applicability of proxy records can be assessed.
Preschoolers' cognitive and emotional self‐regulation in pretend play: Relations with executive functions and quality of play
Authors: Slot Pauline Louise , Mulder Hanna , Verhagen Josje , Leseman Paul P.M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe preschool period is marked by rapid growth of children's self‐regulation and related executive functions. Self‐regulation is considered an important aspect of school readiness and is related to academic and social–emotional outcomes in childhood. Pretend play, as part of the early childhood curriculum, is hypothesized to support self‐regulation. An important question concerns whether self‐regulation should be considered an individual ability or, partly, a situated skill that is influenced by aspects of the classroom context. The aims of this study were to investigate the degree to which 3‐year‐olds showed cognitive and emotional self‐regulation in a naturalistic play setting and to examine how test‐based measures of children's cool and hot executive functions and the quality of their pretend play contributed to this observed self‐regulation. The results indicated that 3‐year‐olds showed aspects of cognitive and emotional self‐regulation. Cool executive functions appeared significantly related to emotional self‐regulation, whereas hot executive functions were not significantly related to cognitive or emotional self‐regulation. The quality of pretend play was strongly associated with cognitive self‐regulation and, to a lesser extent, emotional self‐regulation. The findings of this study suggest that both preschoolers' cool executive functions and the quality of play contributed to their self‐regulation skills in naturalistic settings.Highlights

Preschoolers' cognitive and emotional self‐regulation in a naturalistic play setting are two interrelated but separate constructs.
Children's cognitive executive functions predict observed emotional self‐regulation during pretend play.
The quality of pretend play is strongly associated with children's cognitive self‐regulation and, to a lesser extent, emotional self‐regulation.
Osteoporosis in Crisis: It's Time to Focus on Fracture
Authors: Binkley Neil , Blank Robert D , Leslie William D , Lewiecki E Michael , Eisman John A , Bilezikian John P 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT A crisis in osteoporosis treatment exists; the majority of those who sustain fracture do not receive treatment to reduce future fracture risk. This crisis presents an opportunity to focus the field from osteoporosis to fracture, the outcome of consequence. Proposed here is a change in focus suggesting that 1) attempts to define the level of trauma leading to fracture are counterproductive and that all fractures in older adults merit consideration of evaluation and 2) bone loss is not the entire problem but rather part of a broader syndrome including osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and other factors leading to fracture. With this approach, all fractures in older adults should be evaluated for potential lifestyle, non-pharmacological, and pharmacological interventions that could be implemented to reduce the risk of fracture recurrence. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Poor peripheral blood stem cell mobilization affects long‐term outcomes in multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Moreb Jan S. , Byrne Michael , Shugarman Ilicia , Zou Fei , Xiong Sican , May William S. , Norkin Maxim , Hiemenz John , Brown Randall , Cogle Christopher , Wingard John R. , Hsu Jack W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization is routinely undertaken prior to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). A number of studies have identified risk factors for poor PBSC mobilization, however, little data exists to correlate mobilization with disease‐specific outcomes in this patient population. Prospective work in MM has demonstrated similar outcomes in a homogenous patient population.MethodsIn this single institution analysis, we retrospectively studied the impact of poor PBSC mobilization on progression free survival (PFS) and OS in MM patients undergoing PBSC mobilization. Poor mobilizers are defined as patients that collected < 4 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg over maximum of 5 apheresis days, or those that required ≥2 mobilization cycles to achieve this target.ResultsWe confirm that poor PBSC mobilization is significantly associated with a shortened PFS (P = .0012) and OS (P = .0005) compared with good mobilizers. Our univariate analysis also shows that independent risk factors for poor mobilization include male gender, higher ideal body weight, and a greater median number of lines of chemotherapy prior to PBSC mobilization. However, by multivariate analysis, only number of prior lines of chemotherapy remains significantly predictive of poor mobilization (Odds ratio 1.857, P = .0095). The use of high‐dose G‐CSF (> 10 mcg/kg/day) and/or plerixafor can significantly improve mobilization and ASCT chances in this population.DiscussionThese data indicate that poor mobilization can be predictable and is associated with more aggressive disease biology and worse outcomes, warranting intensive post‐ASCT management.
Combined Angiography and Late Gadolinium Enhancement Acquisition to Improve Assessment of Pulmonary Vein Isolation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lam Adrian , Okene Erica , Parikh Ankit , Zhong Xiaodong , Tejada Thor , Hoskins Michael , Lloyd Michael , Oshinski John N. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo develop a Shared K‐space (SharK) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence that combines angiographic and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) acquisitions to improve atrial wall segmentation and scar identification, and to develop a novel visualization method that quantifies scar encirclement of pulmonary veins postablation treatment for atrial fibrillation.Materials and MethodsA SharK sequence was developed and used at 3T to image the left atrium in 11 patients postcryoballoon ablation. The effects of sharing k‐space between the angiographic and LGE acquisitions on the accuracy of scar were assessed. The left atrial wall was segmented and points about each pulmonary vein (PV) ostia were projected onto a bullseye to quantitatively compare PV encirclement. The parameters used to quantify encirclement were varied to perform a sensitivity analysis.ResultsCompared to using a complete set of k‐space, total atrial scar differences were significant only when sharing >75% k‐space (P = 0.014), and 90% sensitivity and specificity for identifying scar was achieved when sharing 50% k‐space. In patients, the right PVs showed more intersubject variance in encirclement compared to the left PVs. A 100° anteroinferior portion of the left PVs was always encircled, while the superior segments of both right PVs was ablated in only 6/11 patients.ConclusionA SharK sequence was developed to combine angiographic and LGE imaging for atrial wall segmentation and scar identification. The PV bullseye quantifies and localizes encirclement about the PVs. The left PVs showed a higher amount of scar encirclement and less variability compared to the right PVs.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:477–486.
Sensitivity of AGCM‐simulated regional JJAS precipitation to different convective parameterization schemes
Authors: Ehsan Muhammad Azhar , Almazroui Mansour , Yousef Ahmed , Enda O'Brien , Tippett Michael K. , Kucharski Fred , Alkhalaf Abdulrahman A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThis study examines the effects of convective parameterization schemes (CPSs) on the simulated June–September (JJAS) precipitation climatology, variability and predictability over southwestern Arabian Peninsula and northeast Africa during 1981–2014 within an atmospheric global climate model framework. The three CPSs used are: the simplified Arakawa–Schubert (SAS) scheme; the SAS scheme with Tokioka modification (STOK) and the Emanuel (EMAN) scheme coupled with a probability distribution function‐based cloud parameterization scheme. SAS and STOK overestimate JJAS total precipitation over the selected domain compared to observations, while EMAN underestimates. EMAN provides the most realistic distribution of precipitation and spatial distribution of convective precipitation despite the tendency for underestimating the total precipitation. The principal patterns of precipitation variability (as measured by the leading empirical orthogonal functions) in EMAN and STOK are clearly related to the observed pattern, while the maximum variability in SAS occurs in a completely different location. The El Niño Southern Oscillation‐related JJAS precipitation teleconnection simulated by the SAS scheme is very weak as compared to observations and other two CPSs. The signal‐to‐noise ratio estimated by SAS and STOK is very low as compared to EMAN. Correlation analysis shows that EMAN performs better than the other two CPSs. Low (high) outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) values are indicative of enhanced (suppressed) convection and hence more (less) cloud coverage. The root mean square error estimated for OLR in EMAN is lower than that of the other two CPSs. The vertical structure of specific humidity and temperature shows less error in EMAN than that of the other two CPSs, which could be a reason for better predictability over the region of interest.
Evaluating a Patient with Transcranial Sonography to Look for Echogenicity
Authors: Yilmaz Rezzak , Berg Daniela 
Published: May 2017

AbstractView Supplementary Video 1In the last decades, transcranial sonography has been proven to be a useful imaging method in the field of movement disorders. In the clinical routine, structures that are easy to evaluate are the mesencephalic brainstem, including the mesencephalic midline raphe and the substantia nigra in the mesencephalic scanning plane; and the third ventricle, lateral ventricles, basal ganglia, and thalamus in the third ventricular scanning plane. In this video S1, we demonstrate the sonographic assessment of a healthy individual and a patient with Parkinson's disease, visualize how the main structures look, and discuss the assessment. In both individuals, we focus on the planimetric measurement of the substantia nigra.
Double flap phalloplasty in transgender men: Surgical technique and outcome of pedicled anterolateral thigh flap phalloplasty combined with radial forearm free flap urethral reconstruction
Authors: van der Sluis Wouter B. , Smit Jan Maerten , Pigot Garry L.S. , Buncamper Marlon E. , Winters Henri A.H. , Mullender Margriet G. , Bouman Mark‐Bram 
Published: May 2017

IntroductionRadial forearm free flap (RFFF) tube‐in‐tube phalloplasty is the most performed phalloplasty technique worldwide. The conspicuous donor‐site scar is a drawback for some transgender men. In search for techniques with less conspicuous donor‐sites, we performed a series of one‐stage pedicled anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) phalloplasties combined with RFFF urethral reconstruction. In this study, we aim to describe this technique and assess its surgical outcome in a series of transgender men.Patients and MethodsBetween January 2008 and December 2015, nineteen transgender men (median age 37, range 21–57) underwent pedicled ALT phalloplasty combined with RFFF urethral reconstruction in one stage. The surgical procedure was described. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, intra‐ and postoperative complications, hospitalization length, and reoperations were recorded.ResultsThe size of the ALT flaps ranged from 12 × 12 to 15 × 13 cm, the size of the RFFFs from 14 × 3 to 17 × 3 cm. Median clinical follow‐up was 35 months (range 3–95). Total RFFF failure occurred in two patients, total ALT flap failure in one patient, and partial necrosis of the ALT flap in one patient. Long‐term urinary complications occurred in 10 (53%) patients, of which 9 concerned urethral strictures.ConclusionsIn experienced hands, one‐stage pedicled ALT phalloplasty combined with RFFF urethral reconstruction is a feasible alternative surgical option in eligible transgender men, who desire a less conspicuous forearm scar. Possible drawbacks comprise flap‐related complications, difficult inner flap monitoring and urethral complications.