bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile and Effective Synthesis of Praseodymium Tungstate Nanoparticles through an Optimized Procedure and Investigation of Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Pourmortazavi Seied Mahdi , Rahimi-Nasrabadi Mehdi , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Karimi Meisam Sadeghpour , Norouzi Parviz , Faridbod Farnoosh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRegarding the importance of nanoparticles in today’s world, and in the light of the fact that their preparation can be a rather difficult task, we focused on the applicability of a simplistic direct precipitation approach for the preparation of praseodymium tungstate nanoparticles. To maximize the effectiveness of the method, a Taguchi robust design approach was applied to optimize the reaction in terms of the operating conditions influencing its outcome and the results were monitored by characterization of the Pr2(WO4)3 nanoparticles. Among the four parameters studied we found the dimensions of the produced nanoparticles to be determined by the concentrations of Pr3+ and WO43− solutions and the reaction temperature, while the flow rate of adding the cation solutions to the anion solution was found to leave very negligible effects on the product characteristics. To confirm the effect of the optimizations on the outcomes of the reaction, SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR and UV-Vis structural and morphological characterizations of the products were performed, the results of which were in agreement with those statistically predicted in the optimization procedure. Furthermore, as-synthesized praseodymium tungstate nanoparticles under ultraviolet light exhibited an efficient photocatalyst property in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.
Review paper. Terminal lucidity
Authors: Chiriboga-Oleszczak Boris Alejandro 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Terminal lucidity is a term used in the medical literature to determine the improvement of mental functioning shortly before death, even among patients with serious and long-term disorders. In 19th century, cases of mind clarity recovery shortly before death, were often recognized by doctors and interpreted as a sign of an impending death. In 20th century, the interest in this phenomenon decreased and then, virtually disappear. In recent years, on the wave of publications concerning near death experiences and related events such as the end of life experiences, papers about the improvement of mental functioning shortly before death, exponentially grew and got a new name, terminal lucidity. In this paper, an overview of the available literature is presented to outline the historical, phenomenological and clinical picture of this phenomenon and its possible implications for medical care and future studies.
Review paper. Chemobrain in patients suffering from cancer based on the example of multiple myeloma
Authors: Bury Magdalena 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The incidence rate of cancers emphasizes the necessity to investigate not only patients’ somatic ailments but also their psychosocial functioning as well as the need to raise the quality standards of cancer patients. The improvement of the quality of life is one of the major challenges of psycho-oncology, which is the science created in the interface of two disciplines: psychology and medicine.
One of the important aspects of psycho-oncologists’ activity is the minimization of negative side-effects related to treatment, such as changes in patients’ cognitive functioning resulting from anti-cancer treatment.
Objective: The aim of this work is to provide the reader with the knowledge concerning the phenomenon of chemobrain in a very special group of patients with hemato-oncologic tumour. Few researches related to this topic have confirmed the occurrence of cognitive deficits resulting from the cancer process, taken cytotoxic drugs, other forms of anti-cancer therapy and the activeness of biochemical compounds in patients with multiple myeloma.
Methods: The author has done a literary review concerning the topic under study using the Google Scholar and EBSCO databases. The main part of this work consists of references to Polish and English research literature published after 2000. The review includes also classic works from the eighties and nineties of the 20th century.
Results: The present work has been divided into several sections. The part devoted to explanation of the term chemobrain describes the evolution of its definition over the years. The second section - ‘Heterogeneity of the phenomenon - causes’ - underlines the influence of biochemical etiological factors, such as the impact of the activity of proinflammatory cytokines on the cognitive state of the patients suffering from tumour. Next part - ‘Chemobrain and multiple myeloma’ is devoted to the clinical characteristics of this cancer and to the descriptions of the selected methods of chemotherapy. The review of researches concerning the deteriorated cognitive functioning of patients with multiple myeloma in relation to the probable aetiology of this disease has been also presented.
Conclusions: The review of Polish and English literature concerning the functioning of memory and attention processes in the patients suffering from multiple myeloma can serve as an inspiration for a search for objective biochemical factors conditioning the deterioration of cognitive processes of the patients undergoing anti-cancer treatment.
Ensuring Access to Fruits and Vegetables for the Nation’s Most Vulnerable – Contributions of WIC and SNAP
Authors: Herman Dena R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) are critical programs in the U.S. because they form the basis of the nation’s nutrition and hunger safety net. SNAP has large effect nationwide offering nutrition assistance to 1 in 7 low-income Americans, while WIC serves more than half of all infants in the U.S. and a quarter of all children ages 1-5 years. Despite the reach of these programs, there is still room for improvement, especially when it comes to increasing access to healthy food items and improving eating habits. The objective of this paper is to make recommendations for how WIC and SNAP can work better together to continue to incentivize purchases and support low-income population’s knowledge and access to healthier food choices, particularly those foods that have traditionally been most expensive – fruits and vegetables.
Why do foresters oppose the enlargement of the Białowieża National Park? The motivation of the State Forests Holding employees as perceived by social actors engaged in the conflict over the Białowieża Forest
Authors: Niedziałkowski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study outlines the main motives of foresters opposing the enlargement of the Białowieża National Park to include areas managed by the State Forests Holding. The motives were identified using discourse analysis tools based on the semistructured interviews with 36 people representing various groups of actors engaged in the discussion on the management of the Białowieża Forest. The main motives I found are connected to: (1) a vision of how nature should be and the foresters’ mission; (2) fear of losing employment or getting a worse job; (3) the high esteem of the forester profession in local communities and an inferior vocational status of the national park employees; (4) defending the professional prestige of foresters and the State Forests Holding; (5) competition with national parks over natural areas; (6) forest science; (7) the wish to continue hunting in the Białowieża Forest; (8) bottom-up pressure on the State Forests Holding employees. The major conflict potential in the discourse around the Białowieża Forest is connected with the perception of its unique natural values and methods of protection. As a result, two opposing coalitions have formed: one supporting forestry interests and one encouraging conservation. The discourse of the forestry-supporting coalition is strengthened by an epistemic community of forest scientists. Some arguments presented by the foresters pushing for a continuation of forest management in Białowieża also indicate the involvement of path dependency, which, in combination with large differences between the coalitions, does not allow for optimism regarding the resolution of the conflict.
Significant hiatuses in the terrestrial Late Variscan Central and Western Bohemian basins (Late Pennsylvanian–Early Cisuralian) and their possible tectonic and climatic links
Authors: Martínek Karel , Pešek Jiří , Opluštil Stanislav 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Significant changes in the stratigraphy of the Central and Western Bohemian Upper Palaeozoic basins occur during or shortly after hiatuses. The different extent and changes in the depocentres of the Radnice and Nýřany members (Moscovian) in the Plzeň Basin clearly indicate changes in the structure of this basin taking place during a break in sedimentation between these two units (311.9–308.3 Ma). Thick weathered rocks that occur in boreholes in the Mšeno–Roudnice Basin indicate another sedimentation break (305.9–304.1 Ma) between the Nýřany Member and the Týnec Formation (Kasimovian). Another possible hitherto undiscovered hiatus occurred between the Týnec and Slaný formations (Kasimovian–Gzhelian, about 304–303 Ma). The most significant changes in the configuration of the basins occurred between the Slaný and Líně formations (Gzhelian–Asselian, 301.6–300.6 Ma). This is indicated by deeply cut river valleys at the top of the Slaný Formation, by high thickness of weathered deposits occurring immediately beneath the Líně Formation, and mainly by the shift of depocentres from the southern to the northern part of the Central Bohemian basins. The hiatuses between the Radnice and Nýřany members and between the Slaný and Líně formations are accompanied by significant changes in the depocentres, and they are therefore interpreted primarily as tectonic events related to the extensional collapse of the Variscan orogenic belt. By contrast, the hiatuses beneath and above the Týnec Formation are interpreted as being the products of lower sedimentation rates during drier climates, which is consistent with the characteristics of the sediments, correlation with other Central European basins, and with climate models for this period. Due to the characteristics of the Líně Formation, in which the effects of climate aridization are clearly seen, the authors presume that tectonic as well as climatic changes occurred at the hiatus between the Slaný and Líně formations.
Synthesis of anti-inflammatory 2,3-unsaturated O-glycosides using conventional and microwave heating techniques
Authors: de Melo Adriana Cristina N. , de Oliveira Ronaldo N. , de Freitas Filho João R. , da Silva Teresinha G. , Srivastava Rajendra M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The preparation of eight 2,3-unsaturated O-glycosides from D-glycals and alcohols, using montmorillonite K-10 as an acid catalyst, is described. The Ferrier rearrangement products were obtained in good yields using conventional heating and microwave irradiation but the reaction time was substantially reduced employing the latter procedure. The yields were slightly lower under microwave exposure. Five of the di-O-acetylated products were deacetylated to the glycosides in excellent yields. The acetylated products possess good anti-inflammatory property suggesting that the acetyl group plays an important role in reducing the inflammation. Among the compounds tested, glycosides containing thiophene as an aglycone present much better inflammation reducing characteristics than the analogues without this function.
Description of a new species of the genus Caveonchus Siddiqi, 1982 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with diagnostic compendium and key to its species
Authors: Ahad S. , Ahmad W. 
Published: June 2017

Summary
Caveonchus siddiqii n. sp. is described and illustrated based on specimens collected from both India and Japan. It is characterized by having a medium sized body (L= 0.86 - 1.12 mm); labial disc present; amphideal fovea flask-shaped; lip region cap-like, offset by slight constriction; odontostyle 8 - 9 μm, odontophore 10 - 12 μm; pharynx with slender anterior part which expands abruptly into the saccate basal bulb, occupying about 16 - 21 % of total neck length; female genital system mono-opisthodelphic; anterior genital branch 70 - 100 μm or 1.9 - 2.8 times the midbody diameter long; tail short, rounded, hemispheroid, 0.5 - 0.7 anal body diameter long; spicules 30 - 38 μm long; and three spaced ventromedian supplements. Its relationship with all the known species of the genus is discussed. A diagnostic compendium and a key to identification of the species is also provided.
A Drug-induced Hepatitis Patient with a Manifestation of Liver Occupying Lesions on Ultrasound B: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Cheng Dan-ying , Wang Xiao-mei , Ou Wei-ni , Xing Hui-chun 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is defined as injury to the liver caused by exposure to a drug or some drugs. The number of cases suffering from DILI has been increasing. There are few clinical features specifically associated with DILI. The recognition and diagnosis of DILI is difficult. In this report, we described a DILI case caused by herbal remedies.
Domain Ⅲ of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Envelope: Expression at High Levels in Escherichia coli and Competitive Inhibition of Virus Entry
Authors: Yang Yong- hong , Zheng Xue-li , Qing Lei-zi , Zhu Pin-ting , Pan Jing , Luo Lei 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Obejective The domain Ⅲ of dengue virus type 2 envelope was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein inhibited virus effect was tested.
Methods In this study, the domain Ⅲ (DⅢ) protein of the dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) envelope (E) antigen was expressed in Escherichia coli by fusion with a carrier protein. The protein was purified using enzymatic cleavage and affinity purification. Rabbit immunization and antibody detection was carried out. Inhibition of DENV-2 infection was observed by DENV-2 EDⅢ protein and its immunity rabbits serum.
Results The recombinant expression DENV-2 EDⅢ protein plasmid was constructed successfully. After isopropyl thiogalactoside induction, a specific soluble 29 kD protein was obtained, and the expression product accounted for 68.87% of the total protein of the cell lysate. Western blotting demonstrated the reactivity of the recombinant protein with his-tag and DENV (Ⅰ-Ⅳ) monoclonal antibodies. The protein was purified using enzymatic cleavage and affinity purification. The purified recombinant EDⅢ protein inhibited the entry of DENV-2 into BHK-21 cells. DENV-2 plaque neutralization assays were carried out using serially diluted antibodies against EDⅢ protein. At a 1:16 dilution, the antibodies produced at least 90% neutralization of the DENV-2 virus. Furthermore, the antibodies continued to exhibit high neutralization effects (approximately 80%) until the anti-EDⅢ antibody titer reached 1:1 024.
Conclusions DENV-2 EDⅢ was cloned and expressed successfully. DENV-2 EDⅢ protein could be useful in the development of inexpensive dengue vaccine. The data also suggested that DENV-2 employed an attachment molecule or receptor for its entry into C6/36 mosquito cells.
Investigation of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Rate of Patients in a General Hospital
Authors: Zhang Yue-qiu , Xu Shao-xia , Bian Sai-nan , Zhang Li-fan , Zhang Yao , Zhang Wei-hong , Xu Ying-chun , Liu Xiao-qing 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective To investigate the infection rate of hepatitis C virus among the ambulatory patients and in-patients of a tertiary teaching hospital, and study the demographic factors related to the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection.
Methods All patients tested for hepatitis C virus antibody from July 2008 to July 2009 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this cross-sectional analysis. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection was compared according to age, gender, and departments, respectively. Among patients with positive serology hepatitis C virus marker, the positivity of hepatitis C virus RNA was analysed.
Results Among 29 896 subjects included, the hepatitis C virus antibody of 494 patients were positive (1.7%). When patients were divided into 9 age groups, the age specific prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody were 0.2%, 1.7%, 1.2%, 1.1%, 1.5%, 1.9%,2.6%, 2.4% and 2%, respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in non-surgical department and surgical department was 3% and 1%, respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody of males was higher than that of the females. Total of 194 patients with positive hepatitis C virus antibody were tested for hepatitis C virus RNA, the RNA level of 113 patients (58.2%) were higher than the low detection limit.
Conclusions The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody was relatively high among patients of general tertiary hospital. Age group of 60-69, males and patients in non-surgical departments were factors associated with high rate of hepatitis C virus infection.
HIBADH Plays an Important Role in the Course of Liver Cell Necrosis
Authors: Zheng Tie-long , Wang Ping-an , Wang Dian-li , Sun Cheng-fu , Hong Yuan , Wang Qi , Cheng Jun 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective To observe the biological function of human 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (HIBADH).
Methods Human 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (HIBADH, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl propanoate: NAD+ oxidoreductase) recombinant protein was expressed in E. coli BL21, and purified by Ni+ column. The special antisera was obtained from rabbits immunized by this purified antigen. On the distribution of HIBADH, it was found that HIBADH over-expressed in the injured liver cells when serious hepatitis occurred. The phenomenon was confirmed in the animal models of SD rats with acute liver cell injury induced by CCl4, but this phenomenon did not exist in the models induced by endotoxin combined with galactosamine. Further more, HIBADH’s overexpression in liver cells will induce cell necrosis through the pathway of oxidative stress.
Results When the liver cells injured by drug or other chemical materials, HIBADH will be compensationally over-expressed for the deficiency of energy, so liver cells can make enough ATP through brand-chain amino acid catabolism. However, the overexpression of HIBADH will be harmful for liver cells through the product of much more active oxygens which will induce the cell necrosis.
Conclusions HIBADH over-expression is a signal of the liver cell metabolism injury, and it can aggravate the liver cell injury through oxidative stress.
Association of the Cellular Apoptosis Susceptibility Protein with HBV Infection in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zang Hong , Ji Dong , Shao Qing , Zhou Guang-de , Pan Deng , Xin Shao-jie , Zhao Jing-min , Chen Guo-feng 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective The cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CAS) protein plays a regulatory role in the induction of cell death in tumor cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of the expression of CAS protein with HBV infection in the development of HCC.
Methods The expression level of CAS was measured with immunohistochemistry. The occurrence of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA in HCC were concurrently examined with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively.
Results The results showed that the CAS protein was detected in 86% (43/50), 70% (7/10), 15% (3/20) and none (0/20) of livers from patients with HCC, cholangiocarcinoma, cirrhosis and hepatitis, respectively. Furthermore, the level of CAS protein was higher in poorly differentiated tumors than moderately or well differentiated HCC. Interestingly, the CAS was stained significantly stronger in HBV-infected HCC than in non-HBV infected tissues (P < 0.01).
Conclusions The expression of CAS is facilitated by HBV infection in HCC, suggesting that CAS might be a prognostic marker and a putative therapeutic target for HCC.
A Follow-up Study for Chinese Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Treated with the Combination of PEG-IFNα-2a (PEGASYS) and Ribavirin
Authors: Chen Zhu , Zeng Yi-lan , Wang Li , Hu Rong , Wang Yan , Tang Yu-zhen , Zhu Li , Wu Bei 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective To compare the efficacy of peginterferon alfa-2a (PEGASYS) plus ribavirin (RBV) with interferon alfa-2a plus RBV, and evaluate the safety.
Methods Total of 117 patients with chronic hepatitis C were enrolled to receive either PEGASYS (135 μg or 180 μg) subcutaneously once per week, plus RBV (800 mg-1 200 mg) per day for 48 weeks (79 patients, PEGASYS group), or 5 million units of interferon alfa-2a subcutaneously every other day, plus RBV as above dosage for 48 weeks (38 patients, IFNα group).
Results Sixty-three of 79 (79.7%) patients reached sustained virological response (SVR) in PEGASYS group, while 14 of 38 (36.8%) patients reached SVR in IFNα group. PEGASYS group was associated with a higher rate of virologic response than IFNα group at week 4, 12, 36, 48 and week 72. Sustained normalization of serum ALT concentrations at week 36, 48 and week 72 was also more common in PEGASYS group than in IFNα group. Baseline levels of ALT and HCV RNA had no effect on SVR in either PEGASYS group or IFNα group. Both groups were similar in the frequency and severity of adverse events.
Conclusions PEGASYS plus RBV produced similar adverse events but higher rate of SVR. Meanwhile, complications should be prevented and treated promptly in order to increase compliances and effects.
The Diagnostic Value of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detecting CNS Diseases Among Advanced AIDS Patients
Authors: Zhao Fang , Sun Li-qing , Tian Yi-mei , Xu Liu-mei , Lu Pu-xuan , Tang Xian , Liu Ying-xia , Wang Hui 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of brain magnetic resonance imaging in detecting central nervous system diseases among AIDS patients of different levels of T cells.
Methods Total of 164 AIDS patients who did not receive antiviral treatment were divided into 2 groups according to their baseline CD4+ T cell counts. Group A had CD4+ T cell below or equal to 50 cells/μl (n = 81) and group B had CD4+ T cells over 50 cells/μl (n = 83). All patients underwent brain MRI scan. Imaging analysis and the prevalence of the central nervous system disorders were compared between two groups.
Results Among them 48 cases were found of abnormal brain MRI, group A was higher than group B (35.8% vs. 22.9%) although without statistical significance (P = 0.065). Altogether 48 cases were diagnosed as AIDS related central nervous system disorders based on clinical symptoms, signs and laboratory findings. The prevalence of CNS disorders was higher in group A than in group B (41.9% vs. 16.8%) with statistical significance (P < 0.01).
Conclusions The patients with CD4+ T cell count less than or equal to 50 cells/μl had high prevalence of CNS diseases. Brain MRI plays an important role in the diagnosis and differentiation of CNS diseases in advanced AIDS patients. This study suggests patients with low CD4+ T cell count (≤ 50/μl) should routinely undergo MRI examination.
Optimization of the Spray Drying Operating Conditions for Producing the Powder Mixture of Gum Arabic and Maltodextrin
Authors: Nguyen Duc Quang , Mounir Sabah , Allaf Karim 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The powder mixture of gum arabic and maltodextrin was produced by spray drying. The inlet air temperature of spray dryer was varied from 160 °C to 260 °C and the maltodextrin content was varied from 0 to 50 % in the feed solution with the concentration of 42.5 % (w/v) total solids by weight. The properties of the finished product were characterized to examine the impact of changes in these operating parameters. The results showed that: the inlet air temperature had a stronger influence on the properties of finished product than the MD/GA ratio, whereas the feed rate was more clearly affected by the MD/GA ratio. Two optimal parameters obtained include MD/GA ratio equal to 0.615 and the inlet air temperature of spray dryer Te = 258 °C.