bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TERMINAL FLOWER1 is a breeding target for a novel everbearing trait and tailored flowering responses in cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)
Authors: Koskela Elli Aurora , Sønsteby Anita , Flachowsky Henryk , Heide Ola Mikal , Hanke Magda‐Viola , Elomaa Paula , Hytönen Timo 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe effects of daylength and temperature on flowering of the cultivated octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) have been studied extensively at the physiological level, but information on the molecular pathways controlling flowering in the species is scarce. The flowering pathway has been studied at the molecular level in the diploid short‐day woodland strawberry (F. vesca L.), in which the FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (FvFT1)–SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (FvSOC1)–TERMINAL FLOWER1 (FvTFL1) pathway is essential for the correct timing of flowering. In this work, we show by transgenic approach that the silencing of the floral repressor FaTFL1 in the octoploid short‐day cultivar ‘Elsanta’ is sufficient to induce perpetual flowering under long days without direct changes in vegetative reproduction. We also demonstrate that although the genes FaFT1 and FaSOC1 show similar expression patterns in different cultivars, the regulation of FaTFL1 varies widely from cultivar to cultivar and is correlated with floral induction, indicating that the transcription of FaTFL1 occurs at least partially independently of the FaFT1–FaSOC1 module. Our results indicate that changing the expression patterns of FaTFL1 through biotechnological or conventional breeding approaches could result in strawberries with specific flowering and runnering characteristics including new types of everbearing cultivars.
Papular Epidermal Nevus with Skyline Basal Cell Layer (PENS): Three New Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Luna Paula C. , Pannizardi Anabel A. , Martin Carolina I. , Vigovich Felix , Casas José G. , Larralde Margarita 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivePapular epidermal nevus with skyline basal cell layer (PENS) is a recently described type of epidermal nevus with characteristic histopathologic findings, mainly regular, rectangular acanthosis and a well‐demarcated basal cell layer with clear palisading and separation between basal cell nuclei and the first row of Malpighian cell nuclei. Although the first reports described randomly distributed lesions appearing sporadically in otherwise healthy patients, cases of Blaschkoid distribution, lesions associated with extracutaneous manifestations, and familial cases have been reported.MethodsWe performed a review of the clinical charts of all patients with histologic diagnosis of PENS in our hospital. We evaluated epidemiologic, clinical, and histologic features. We then reviewed the literature with a particular emphasis on the presence or absence of extra‐cutaneous associations.ResultsThree patients with PENS are described. One had a single lesion, one had three lesions, and one, a patient with mild developmental delay, a curved penis, and hypospadias, had multiple lesions.ConclusionThe probability of having extracutaneous manifestations is 6.3 times as great in individuals with more than four lesions. Therefore these patients may need closer follow‐up.
Interlimb coordination and academic performance in elementary school children
Authors: da Silva Pacheco Sheila Cristina , Gabbard Carl , Ries Lilian Gerdi Kittel , Bobbio Tatiana Godoy 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe specific mechanisms linking motor ability and cognitive performance, especially academic achievement, are still unclear. Whereas the literature provides an abundance of information on fine and visual–motor skill and cognitive attributes, much less has been reported on gross motor ability. This study examined interlimb coordination and its relationship to academic performance in children aged 8–11 years.MethodsMotor and academic skills were examined in 100 Brazilian children using the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency and the Academic Performance Test. Participants were grouped into low (<25%) and high (>75%) academic achievers.ResultsThere was a significant difference between groups for Total Motor Composite (P < 0.001) favoring the high group. On regression analysis there was a significant association between academic performance and Body Coordination. Of the subtests of Body Coordination (Bilateral Coordination and Balance), Bilateral Coordination accounted for the highest impact on academic performance. Of interest here, that subtest consists primarily of gross motor tasks involving interlimb coordination.ConclusionOverall, there was a positive relationship between motor behavior, in particular activities involving interlimb coordination, and academic performance. Application of these findings in the area of early assessment may be useful in the identification of later academic problems.
Naive Monarchism and Rural Resistance in Contemporary Russia
Authors: Mamonova Natalia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article applies the concept of “naive monarchism” (i.e., the traditional peasant expressions of reverence for the tsar as their benefactor) to study contemporary rural politics in authoritarian Russia. While Russia is not a monarchy, and its rural dwellers are not traditional illiterate peasants, the veneration of its leader manifests itself in many rural grievances. I analyze three types of rural politics that have traits of naive monarchism: written petitions to the president, rural pickets and delegations to the Kremlin, and geographical renaming in honor of Vladimir Putin. Grievances, voiced in this way, are rarely subjects of repression from above, as they reinforce presidential authority and the existing order. This raises the question of whether rural dwellers faithfully believe in a benevolent president or intentionally exploit their subordinate position and Putin's image as the present‐day tsar. Whether sincere or strategic, these rural politics aim to enforce the existing state commitments. Although they are unable to challenge the status quo, they provide rural dwellers with a means to remedy occasional local injustices.
First update of the International Xenotransplantation Association consensus statement on conditions for undertaking clinical trials of porcine islet products in type 1 diabetes – Chapter 1: update on national regulatory frameworks pertinent to clinical islet xenotransplantation
Authors: Cozzi Emanuele , Tönjes Ralf R. , Gianello Pierre , Bühler Léo H. , Rayat Gina R. , Matsumoto Shinichi , Park Chung‐Gyu , Kwon Ivo , Wang Wei , O'Connell Philip , Jessamine Stewart , Elliott Robert B. , Kobayashi Takaaki , Hering Bernhard J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIslet xenotransplantation represents an attractive solution to overcome the shortage of human islets for use in type 1 diabetes. The wide‐scale application of clinical islet xenotransplantation, however, requires that such a procedure takes place in a specifically and tightly regulated environment. With a view to promoting the safe application of clinical islet xenotransplantation, a few years ago the International Xenotransplantation Association (IXA) published a Consensus Statement that outlined the key ethical and regulatory requirements to be satisfied before the initiation of xenotransplantation studies in diabetic patients. This earlier IXA Statement also documented a disparate regulatory landscape among different geographical areas. This situation clearly fell short of the 2004 World Health Assembly Resolution WHA57.18 that urged Member States “to cooperate in the formulation of recommendations and guidelines to harmonize global practices” to ensure the highest ethical and regulatory standards on a global scale. In this new IXA report, IXA members who are active in xenotransplantation research in their respective geographic areas herewith briefly describe changes in the regulatory frameworks that have taken place in the intervening period in the various geographic areas or countries. The key reassuring take‐home message of the present report is that many countries have embraced the encouragement of the WHO to harmonize the procedures in a more global scale. Indeed, important regulatory changes have taken place or are in progress in several geographic areas that include Europe, Korea, Japan, and China. Such significant regulatory changes encompass the most diverse facets of the clinical application of xenotransplantation and comprise ethical aspects, source animals and product specifications, study supervision, sample archiving, patient follow‐up and even insurance coverage in some legislations. All these measures are expected to provide a better care and protection of recipients of xenotransplants but also a higher safety profile to xenotransplantation procedures with an ultimate net gain in terms of international public health.
First update of the International Xenotransplantation Association consensus statement on conditions for undertaking clinical trials of porcine islet products in type 1 diabetes—Chapter 2a: source pigs—preventing xenozoonoses
Authors: Spizzo Thomas , Denner Joachim , Gazda Lawrence , Martin Michael , Nathu Divya , Scobie Linda , Takeuchi Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChapter 2 of the original consensus statement published in 2009 by IXA represents an excellent basis for the production of safe donor pigs and pig‐derived materials for porcine islet xenotransplantation. It was intended that the consensus statement was to be reviewed at interval to remain relevant. Indeed, many of the original salient points remain relevant today, especially when porcine islet xenotransplantation is performed in conjunction with immunosuppressants. However, progress in the field including demonstrated safe clinical porcine xenograft studies, increased understanding of risks including those posed by PERV, and advancement of diagnostic capabilities now allow for further consideration. Agents of known and unknown pathogenic significance continue to be identified and should be considered on a geographic, risk‐based, dynamic, and product‐specific basis, where appropriate using validated, advanced diagnostic techniques. PERV risk can be sufficiently reduced via multicomponent profiling including subtype expression levels in combination with infectivity assays. Barrier facilities built and operated against the AAALAC Ag Guide or suitable alternative criteria should be considered for source animal production as long as cGMPs and SOPs are followed. Bovine material‐free feed for source animals should be considered appropriate instead of mammalian free materials to sufficiently reduce TSE risks. Finally, the sponsor retention period for archival samples of donor materials was deemed sufficient until the death of the recipient if conclusively determined to be of unrelated and non‐infectious cause or for a reasonable period, that is, five to 10 yrs. In summary, the safe and economical production of suitable pigs and porcine islet xenograft materials, under appropriate guidance and regulatory control, is believed to be a viable means of addressing the unmet need for clinical islet replacement materials.
Endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane junctions: structure, function and dynamics
Authors: Okeke Emmanuel , Dingsdale Hayley , Parker Tony , Voronina Svetlana , Tepikin Alexei V. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER)–plasma membrane (PM) junctions are contact sites between the ER and the PM; the distance between the two organelles in the junctions is below 40 nm and the membranes are connected by protein tethers. A number of molecular tools and technical approaches have been recently developed to visualise, modify and characterise properties of ER–PM junctions. The junctions serve as the platforms for lipid exchange between the organelles and for cell signalling, notably Ca2+ and cAMP signalling. Vice versa, signalling events regulate the development and properties of the junctions. Two Ca2+‐dependent mechanisms of de novo formation of ER–PM junctions have been recently described and characterised. The junction‐forming proteins and lipids are currently the focus of vigorous investigation. Junctions can be relatively short‐lived and simple structures, forming and dissolving on the time scale of a few minutes. However, complex, sophisticated and multifunctional ER–PM junctions, capable of attracting numerous protein residents and other cellular organelles, have been described in some cell types. The road from simplicity to complexity, i.e. the transformation from simple ‘nascent’ ER–PM junctions to advanced stable multiorganellar complexes, is likely to become an attractive research avenue for current and future junctologists. Another area of considerable research interest is the downstream cellular processes that can be activated by specific local signalling events in the ER–PM junctions. Studies of the cell physiology and indeed pathophysiology of ER–PM junctions have already produced some surprising discoveries, likely to expand with advances in our understanding of these remarkable organellar contact sites.
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Zn2+‐induced Ca2+ release via ryanodine receptors triggers calcineurin‐dependent redistribution of cortical neuronal Kv2.1 K+ channels
Authors: Schulien Anthony J. , Justice Jason A. , Di Maio Roberto , Wills Zachary P. , Shah Niyathi H. , Aizenman Elias 
Published: March 2016

Key points
Increases in intracellular Zn2+ concentrations are an early, necessary signal for the modulation of Kv2.1 K+ channel localization and physiological function.
Intracellular Zn2+‐mediated Kv2.1 channel modulation is dependent on calcineurin, a Ca2+‐activated phosphatase.
We show that intracellular Zn2+ induces a significant increase in ryanodine receptor‐dependent cytosolic Ca2+ transients, which leads to a calcineurin‐dependent redistribution of Kv2.1 channels from pre‐existing membrane clusters to diffuse localization. As such, the link between Zn2+ and Ca2+ signalling in this Kv2.1 modulatory pathway is established.
We observe that a sublethal ischaemic preconditioning insult also leads to Kv2.1 redistribution in a ryanodine receptor‐dependent fashion.
We suggest that Zn2+ may be an early and ubiquitous signalling molecule mediating Ca2+ release from the cortical endoplasmic reticulum via ryanodine receptor activation.
AbstractSublethal injurious stimuli in neurons induce transient increases in free intracellular Zn2+ that are associated with regulating adaptive responses to subsequent lethal injury, including alterations in the function and localization of the delayed‐rectifier potassium channel, Kv2.1. However, the link between intracellular Zn2+ signalling and the observed changes in Kv2.1 remain undefined. In the present study, utilizing exogenous Zn2+ treatment, along with a selective Zn2+ ionophore, we show that transient elevations in intracellular Zn2+ concentrations are sufficient to induce calcineurin‐dependent Kv2.1 channel dispersal in rat cortical neurons in vitro, which is accompanied by a relatively small but significant hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage‐gated activation kinetics of the channel. Critically, using a molecularly encoded calcium sensor, we found that the calcineurin‐dependent changes in Kv2.1 probably occur as a result of Zn2+‐induced cytosolic Ca2+ release via activation of neuronal ryanodine receptors. Finally, we couple this mechanism with an established model for in vitro ischaemic preconditioning and show that Kv2.1 channel modulation in this process is also ryanodine receptor‐sensitive. Our results strongly suggest that intracellular Zn2+‐initiated signalling may represent an early and possibly widespread component of Ca2+‐dependent processes in neurons.
Unexpected factors affecting the excitability of human motoneurones in voluntary and stimulated contractions
Authors: Khan Serajul I. , Taylor Janet L. , Gandevia Simon C. 
Published: March 2016

Key points
The output of human motoneurone pools decreases with fatiguing exercise, but the mechanisms involved are uncertain. We explored depression of recurrent motoneurone discharges (F‐waves) after sustained maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs).
MVC depressed the size and frequency of F‐waves in a hand muscle but a submaximal contraction (at 50% MVC) did not.
Surprisingly, activation of the motoneurones antidromically by stimulation of the ulnar nerve (at 20 or 40 Hz) did not depress F‐wave area or persistence.
Furthermore, a sustained (3 min) MVC of a hand muscle depressed F‐waves in its antagonist but not in a remote hand muscle.
Our findings suggest that depression of F‐waves after voluntary contractions is not simply due to repetitive activation of the motoneurones but requires descending voluntary drive. Furthermore, this effect may depress nearby, but not distant, spinal motoneurone pools.
AbstractThere are major spinal changes induced by repetitive activity and fatigue that could contribute to ‘central’ fatigue but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood in humans. Here we confirmed that the recurrent motoneuronal discharge (F‐wave) is reduced during relaxation immediately after a sustained maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of an intrinsic hand muscle (abductor digiti minimi, ADM) and explored the relationship between motoneurone firing and the depression of F‐waves in three ways. First, the depression (in both F‐wave area and F‐wave persistence) was present after a 10 s MVC (initial decrease 36.4 ± 19.1%; mean ± SD) but not after a submaximal voluntary contraction at 50% maximum. Second, to evoke motoneurone discharge without volitional effort, 10 s tetanic contractions were produced by supramaximal ulnar nerve stimulation at the elbow at physiological frequencies of 25 and 40 Hz. Surprisingly, neither produced depression of F‐waves in ADM to test supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the wrist. Finally, a sustained MVC (3 min) of the antagonist to ADM (4th palmar interosseous) depressed F‐waves in the anatomically close ADM (20 ± 18.2%) but not in the more remote first dorsal interosseous on the radial side of the hand. We argue that depression of F‐waves after voluntary contractions may not be due to repetitive activation of the motoneurones but requires descending voluntary drive. Furthermore, this effect may depress nearby, but not distant, spinal motoneurone pools and it reveals potentially novel mechanisms controlling the output of human motoneurones.
Functional Redundancy of Linuron Degradation in Microbial Communities in Agricultural Soil and Biopurification Systems
Authors: Horemans Benjamin , Bers Karolien , Ruiz Romero Erick , Pose Juan Eva , Dunon Vincent , De Mot René , Springael Dirk 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

The abundance of
libA
, encoding a hydrolase that initiates linuron degradation in the linuron-metabolizing
Variovorax
sp. strain SRS16, was previously found to correlate well with linuron mineralization, but not in all tested environments. Recently, an alternative linuron hydrolase, HylA, was identified in
Variovorax
sp. strain WDL1, a strain that initiates linuron degradation in a linuron-mineralizing commensal bacterial consortium. The discovery of alternative linuron hydrolases poses questions about the respective contribution and competitive character of
hylA
- and
libA
-carrying bacteria as well as the role of linuron-mineralizing consortia versus single strains in linuron-exposed settings. Therefore, dynamics of
hylA
as well as
dcaQ
as a marker for downstream catabolic functions involved in linuron mineralization, in response to linuron treatment in agricultural soil and on-farm biopurification systems (BPS), were compared with previously reported
libA
dynamics. The results suggest that (i) organisms containing either
libA
or
hylA
contribute simultaneously to linuron biodegradation in the same environment, albeit to various extents, (ii) environmental linuron mineralization depends on multispecies bacterial food webs, and (iii) initiation of linuron mineralization can be governed by currently unidentified enzymes.

IMPORTANCE
A limited set of different isofunctional catabolic gene functions is known for the bacterial degradation of the phenylurea herbicide linuron, but the role of this redundancy in linuron degradation in environmental settings is not known. In this study, the simultaneous involvement of bacteria carrying one of two isofunctional linuron hydrolysis genes in the degradation of linuron was shown in agricultural soil and on-farm biopurification systems, as was the involvement of other bacterial populations that mineralize the downstream metabolites of linuron hydrolysis. This study illustrates the importance of the synergistic metabolism of pesticides in environmental settings.
The Transformative Potential of Game Spatiality in Service Design
Authors: van Amstel Frederick M. C. , Garde Julia A. 
Published: March 2016

Background: Services have tangible and intangible aspects. Services are organized as a system of conceptual ideas (space of possibilities) and are enacted through social and physical arrangements (possibilities of space). Games are employed in service design to expand the space of possibilities with new insights; however, the possibilities of space are sometimes not recognized, experienced, or realized through these games. Method: Game sessions were organized to support the co-design of three services: medical imaging diagnosis, hospital care, and environmental education/leisure. A case study for each project is provided, with the focus on the spaces produced by the participants’ interactions. Results: Even as participants were designing services for the future, they realized the possibilities of space in their current services and made use of these soon after the game sessions. Transformative actions initiated in the co-design sessions went beyond play, reaching the work activities that sustain the services. Conclusions: Games in service design can be insightful as much as transformative. Game spatiality, in particular, can lead participants to make use of the possibilities of space not conceptualized before, which are outside of the space of possibilities.
A coupled fixed point theorem and application to fractional hybrid differential problems
Authors: Bashiri Tahereh , Vaezpour Seyed Mansour , Park Choonkil 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the study of the existence of solution to the following system of fractional hybrid differential equations: $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} D^{p} [x(t)- f(t,x(t))] = g (t,y(t),I^{\alpha}(y(t))) ,\quad \mbox{a.e. }t \in J, \\ D^{p} [y(t)- f(t,y(t))] = g (t,x(t),I^{\alpha}(x(t))) ,\quad \mbox{a.e. }t \in J, 0 < p < 1, \alpha>0, \\ x (0) = 0,\qquad y (0) = 0, \end{cases} $$

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where $D^{\alpha}$

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is the R-L fractional derivative of order α, $J=[0,T]$
J
=
[
0
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, $T>0$
T
>
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, and the functions $f :J\times\mathbb{R} \times\mathbb{R} \rightarrow\mathbb{R}$
f
:
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×
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×
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→
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, $f(0,0)=0$
f
(
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=
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and $g:J \times\mathbb{R} \times\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$
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satisfy certain conditions.The proof of the existence theorem is based on a coupled fixed point theorem of Krasnoselskii type, which extends a fixed point theorem of Burton (Appl. Math. Lett. 11:85-88, 1998). Finally, our results are illustrated by a concrete example.