bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxytocine and early and current trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Donadon M. , Martin Santos R. , De Lima Osório F. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionOxytocin has been related to traumas and sociability.ObjectiveTo do a systematic review on the relationship between oxytocin and early (ET), current trauma (CT) and PTSD.MethodsThe Pubmed, Psycinfo, Web of Science, Lilacs and Scielo database were researched until to April 2016, using the keywords: oxytocin, early trauma, childhood maltreatment, emotional trauma, emotional stress, neglect, adversity, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical abuse and PTSD, and Boolean operators. We used a priori protocol based on PRISMA to select observational and quasi/experimental studies in both gender subjects, who suffer ET, CT, or PSTD. A full review was done, and meta-analysis was carried out when possible to estimate the strength of the association. Strobe, trend and consort statements were used for qualitative assessment.ResultsTwenty-eight studies where included:15 observational, 3 quasi/experimental and 10 RCT. Quality assessment was 60–70%. Due heterogeneity between studies we analysed them in four groups. Meta/analysis of studies of oxytocin endogenous concentration showed a negative correlation with ET (r = -0.35; 95%CI = -0.46/–0.22). Association studies of genetic polymorphism of oxytocin gene receptor (rs53576) showed that subjects with ET, CT and GG genotype had higher vulnerability to develop later psychopathology (P < 0.05). Quasi/experimental studies measuring pre/post oxytocin concentration after a stress reactivity test in subject with ET, CT or PTSD showed any significant results. Finally, RCT studies showed that acute administration of oxytocin increased the levels of anxiety and flashback in subjects with CT; and decreased in PTSD or ET. These results were in parallel with brain and connectivity activation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Associations between gender and obesity among adults psychiatric outpatients in the town of Gabes (Tunisia)
Authors: Ghanm L. , Zitoun K. , Hachaichi I. , Hamrouni S. , Salem O. , Zouari L. , Maalej M. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundPatients with severe mental illness (SMI) suffer from two to three times higher rates of obesity, and this has translated into much higher rates of obesity-related morbidity and premature mortality in this population.AimsMeasuring the frequency of obesity and its associations with gender, and others socio-demographics factors among 115 adults psychiatric outpatients.MethodsA cross-sectional study, was conducted to assess frequency of obesity among 115 adults attending public mental health department in the regional hospital of Gabes (south of Tunisia). For the diagnosis of mental disorders, we used the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-V). Obesity was estimated by body mass index (BMI). This index is defined as the ratio of weight (kg) to squared size (m2). Overweight is defined as a BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2 and obesity by a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. BMI was measured directly and other information was gathered by interview.ResultsThe mean BMI was 25. In our patients, 40.9% were overweight, 49.6% (n = 57) were obese including 8.7% (n = 10) who were morbidly obese. Obesity was significantly more frequent in women (63.8% vs 39.7%, P = 0.009), living in a couple (60.9% vs 42%, P = 0.03) and having a medium or high socioeconomic level (53.3% vs 30.4%, P = 0.03). There were no differences between obese and non-obese regarding age, level of education and professional status.ConclusionThe high prevalence of obesity among women suggests that targeted approaches are needed to promote optimal physical health in this population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Justinus Kerner and mesmerism
Authors: Häfner S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe German physician and poet Justinus Kerner (1786–1862), Swabian public health officer in Weinsberg, is well known as an allround, even an epoch-making personality in his time and a natural scientist typical for late romanticism. His greatest merit is not due to his poetic scripts, but to his scientific work. This begins with his medical dissertation “Observata de functione singularum partium auris”, a mine of experimental behaviourism.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of Franz Anton Mesmer (1734–1815) on Kerner's way of treating patients.MethodsA literature research was done on Kerner and mesmerism.ResultsKerner's first contact with animal magnetism was in 1797, when he was magnetized and healed by Dr. Eberhard Gmelin, one of the first mesmerian doctors in Germany, because of his nervous stomach. With the “Seeress of Prevorst” the author ventured to advance into deep layers of the soul unknown so far. During the years 1826–1829 Justinus Kerner treated Friederike Hauffe (1801–1829), the “Seeress of Prevorst”, at his Weinsberg domicile. In the year 1829 he published the description of her life and disease with the title “The Seeress of Prevorst, being revelations concerning the inner-life of man, and the interdiffusion of a world of spirits in the one we inhabit”.ConclusionsKerner was very much influenced by Mesmer and left volumes of psycho-pathological case histories that helped to prepare a way for a medicine more psychotherapeutically founded.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Further validation of the driver behaviour questionnaire – confirmatory factor analysis in a Portuguese sample
Authors: Dourado J.F. , Marques C. , Pereira A.T. , Nogueira V. , Macedo A. , Bastos Silva A.M.C. , Seco A.J.M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe drivers are a central component of traffic system, and their limitations, constraints, needs, motivation, level of alertness, and personality define their behaviours on the road. Understanding the determinants of the driver's behaviour is crucial to find solutions for the serious problem of road accidents.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the reliability and the construct validity of the Portuguese version of the driver behaviour questionnaire (DBQ; Reason et al., 1990; Portuguese version: Correia, 2014), using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) in a sample of Portuguese population.MethodsParticipants answered an online survey including socio-demographic questions and the DBQ. Inclusion criteria were: driving license and regular driving for at least three years and age lower than 75-years-old. The sample is composed of 747 participants [417 (55.8%) women; mean age = 42.13 ± 12.349 years; mean driving license years = 21.30 ± 11.338; mean years of regular driving = 20.33 ± 11.328]. The total sample was randomly divided in two sub-samples. Sample A (n = 373) was used to EFA and sample B (n = 374) was used to CFA.ResultsThe most acceptable model was the three-factor model found with EFA, excluding items 1 and 24 (χ2/df = 2.01; TLI = .86; CFI = .88; RMSEA = .05, P = .315). The internal consistency analysis resulted in: infractions and aggressive driving, α = .77; non-intentional errors, α = .73; lapses, α = .71; total DBQ score, α = .84.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the Portuguese version of the DBQ is a valid and reliable measure to assess self-reported driver behaviour in the Portuguese population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Quality of life related to the health and socio-economic resources of the elderly
Authors: Daniel F. , Ferreira A. , Espírito-Santo H. , Monteiro R. , Massano-Cardoso I. , Silva A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAging is a very heterogeneous and dissimilar process, full of asymmetries. There is evidence that socio-economic differences determine disadvantages and inequalities in old ages. Older people face particular inequalities in healthiness especially with more complex and vulnerable long-term conditions, being more likely to need support from social care services.AimTo evaluate the quality of life (well-being) related to the health of the elderly according to socio-economic indicators.MethodCross-sectional quantitative study was performed. A total of 316 elderly people (M = 74.78; SD = 9.78 years of age) was interviewed with the Portuguese version of the EQ-5D-3L scale for health-related quality of life.ResultsThe interaction between income and the type of residential follow-up (alone vs. accompanied) was not statistically significant [F (2.310) = .910, P < .407; Ƞp2 = .006]. Differences in health status index were statistically significant for income [F (2.310) = 5.518, P < .004; Ƞp2 = .034]. Post-hoc comparisons indicated that the mean score for those with insufficient income for their expenses (M = .39, SD = .27) was significantly different from those with income reaching their expenses (M = .50, SD = .25) as well as those with income covering their expenses sufficiently (M = .60, SD = .21). The main effect for the type of follow-up (alone vs. accompanied) did not reach statistical significance [F (2.310) = .224, P < .636, Ƞp2 = .672].ConclusionsIncome has an impact on health-related quality of life. Health in aging as a social phenomenon is not neutral to economic differences and is exposed to these structural disadvantages.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychosis and/or Lyme disease: There is more than meets the eye
Authors: Peixoto M.J. , Timóteo S. , Moreira I. , Cochat C. , Silva A. , Bastos-Leite A. , Silveira C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionLyme disease (LD) caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) results from human contact with rural environments and is transmitted by infected ticks (Ixodes spp.)Objectives/aimsTo report a case with LD and to highlight the importance of differential diagnosis in a first psychotic episode.MethodsCase report and systematic review of the literature.ResultsWe report a case of a 19-year-old man that was admitted because of strange behaviour with alienation, perplexity and persecutory delusions. He had one previous admission to an inpatient unit two years prior and was diagnosed with psychosis not otherwise specified. After being admitted to the psychiatric ward a medical work up was completed. The patient had had a long stay in a rural environment; so anti-body specific to Bb was ordered and came positive. LD was diagnosed based on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and the presence of Bb in the cerebrospinal fluid. During treatment with anti-psychotic and antibiotic there was a noticeable clinical amelioration correlated with improvement of MRI's perfusion patterns.ConclusionsLD is relatively rare, but physicians need to be aware of typical neuropsychiatric symptoms, given that they may occur months to years after the initial infection. Prompt diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial to avoid the possibly irreversible mental illness. In the evaluation of a first psychotic episode LD should be considered and excluded, principally if there's an epidemiological context and no psychiatric family history. MRI may be another useful asset in the diagnostic evaluation of this condition.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Adjustment of the German Prospective Payment System for Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Facilities: Does PEPP Provides a Suitable Basis? Results of a Descriptive Comparative Study
Authors: Voigtländer B.S. , Barth T. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn Germany a consistent, performance-oriented, flat-rate remuneration system based on per-day payments for inpatient and day patient hospital services for psychiatric and psychosomatic facilities (PEPP) is developed. The Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH decided in 2013 to participate in the optional PEPP introducing phase and acts as a PEPP cost accounting hospital.ObjectivesDue to a controversial discussion by the psychiatric experts, an adjustment of the hitherto only performance-based to a budget-oriented system based on PEPP is planned in 2017.AimsThis paper discusses if the current PEPP remuneration system enables an appropriate recognition and measurement of services.MethodsDescriptive analyses were performed by comparing inpatient and day patient treatment at a therapy oriented psychiatric unit and the emergency psychiatric unit in 2015. The evaluation primarily focused on the criteria of “staffing level and structure”, “imaging of services by German procedure classification (OPS) according to PEPP”, “PEPP remuneration”.ResultsOur findings (Table 1) show that in 2015 the PEPP remuneration system provided an appropriate recognition of unit-specific services in emergency psychiatry (e.g., 1 to 1 care, intensive care treatment), but services of board certified therapeutic staff were recognized inadequately in consequence of the definition of therapy by the OPS catalogue.ConclusionFurther development of payment system should implicate changes in the definition of therapy according to scientific guidelines and the pay for performance concept.Table 1Disclosure of interestActivity as a speaker, Janssen-Cilag GmbH.
Portuguese Validation of the Psychological Entitlement Scale
Authors: Araújo A.I. , Pereira A.T. , Cabaços C. , Brito M.J. , Mendonça L. , Macedo A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPsychological entitlement can be conceived as a disposition to believe that one deserves or is entitled to more than others. This pervasive sense has a wide impact on social behaviour, namely undesirable social outcomes. Given these theoretical implications on self-concept and interpersonal functioning, Campbell and Bonacci developed a shorter questionnaire of the Psychological Entitlement Scale (PES) to evaluate this construct by reducing from the original version from 57 to 9 items.ObjectiveTo investigate the psychometric properties of Psychological Entitlement Portuguese version.MethodsA community sample composed of 286 university students (69.2% females; mean age = 21.09 ± 2.133; range: 17–33) answered the Portuguese preliminary versions of the PES, of the Dirty Dozen and of the honesty-humility dimension from the HEXACO-100.ResultsThe PES Cronbach alpha was “very good” (a = 0.75). Following Kaiser and Cattel Scree Plot criteria, only one factor was extracted (explained variance = 35.46%), meaning that the scale is unidimensional. Pearson correlation coefficient of between PES and narcissism (r = 0.36), psychopathy (r = 0.21) and Machiavelism (r = 0.24) were positive, moderate and significant (P < 0.01). Pearson correlation between PES and honesty-humility was negative, moderate and significant (r = −0.43 P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe Portuguese version of PES present good internal consistency and convergent-divergent validity. Because we consider that psychological entitlement reflects a stable disposition, it is our intent to analyze PES temporal stability within the ongoing research project on the relationship between perfectionism and other personality traits. PES could be very useful both in clinical and research contexts.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Vortioxetine Efficiency in Controlling Obsessive Symptoms in Patients with Depression. A Case Report
Authors: Pardo de Santayana G. , Landera R. , Juncal M. , Porta O. , Sánchez L. , Gómez M. , Núñez N. , Pérez M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionObsessive symptomatology can sometimes be worsened when a patient with this personality trait suffers through a period of increased stress.AimTo review articles in PubMed related to how vorticoxetine affects obsessive symptoms in patients with depression.MethodsWe review the case of a 45-year-old male with obsessive personality traits diagnosed of recurrent depression. He was going through a period of stress at work that had worsened his obsessive symptoms (primarily obsessive thoughts). In a previous depressive episode, he was treated with an antidepressant that triggered sexual dysfunction as a side effect. Trying to prevent another antidepressant-induce sexual dysfunction, we decided to use voricoxetine because of its low tendency to interact with the sexual function.ResultsWe started treatment with vorticoxetine reaching a dose of 10 mg/day. Three weeks later the patient reported a decrease in his levels of anxiety, a slight upturn of his mood and a relieve of his obsessive symptoms.ConclusionsVorticoxetine can be considered a good therapeutic option in the treatment of obsessive symptoms in a depressive episode with patients with a history of antidepressant-induce sexual dysfunction.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Use of Memantine in Organic Personality Disorder: A Case Study
Authors: Petrikis P. , Argitis P. , Karabas A. , Platari P. , Paschalidis K. , Karalis G. , Mavreas V. 
Published: June 2017

This is a case study of a 27-year-old man with co-morbid congenital communicating hydrocephalus and epilepsy. The patient had multiple hospitalizations in psychiatric clinics due to serious domestic violence caused by compulsive buying demands. Impaired social interaction skills, diminished judgment, planning, insight and temporal organization difficulties were also present and the diagnosis of organic personality disorder was given.The patient was treated with 1.5 g valproc acid for epilepsy and for the behavioural difficulties multiple antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, SSRI's and beta-blockers were administrated, without major benefits. Due to serious aggression and impulsive behaviour, it was administrated memantine 20 mg/day according to NMDA receptor antagonist hypothesis and gradually reduced the benzodiazepines and SSRI's.A significant decrease in the average score of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and to violence incidences was observed. Also, social interaction skills were improved and a slight improvement at patient's judgment was observed.The patient had good tolerance during the treatment and no side effect was reported. It is the first scientific report on memantine effectiveness in this patient group. Further research is needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Shame: An Overlooked Factor in Conceptualizing and Treating Borderline Personality Disorder: Its’ Powerful Role in the Lives and Suicides of People with BPD
Authors: Porr V. 
Published: June 2017

Shame, a central emotion in borderline personality disorder (BPD), has been overlooked despite its’ relationship to self-injurious behaviour, chronic suicidality, self-esteem, quality of life, and angry-hostile feelings. Patients describe shame when explaining acute feelings of emotional pain. There is a paucity of research exploring the impact of shame on the person with BPD's sense of self and behaviors. BPD symptoms may be the expression of and defenses against this painful emotion. Shame-proneness is related to anger arousal and the tendency to externalize attributions for one's own behavior by blaming others or not taking responsibility for one's behavior. The relationship between shame-proneness and BPD has important implications for treatment. TARA for BPD, an educational and advocacy organization, developed a Family Psycho-education program teaching how shame is often the common denominator of BPD responses, triggering escalations, emotional shifts, volatile reactions, anger and misperceptions. Shame is the response to perceived negative evaluations (judgment, criticism, or blame) and general misinterpretation of social situations. Shame is an impediment to thinking clearly, exaggerates ambiguity and overwhelms cognitive ability in the moment. As shame is often confused with guilt, raising awareness of shame responses is essential for improving family relationships. Families can learn to recognize shame responses and implement evidence based techniques from dialectic behavior therapy (DBT) and mentalization based therapy (MBT) to decrease its’ impact on their loved one with BPD. Demonstration of methodology to address shame in family interactions and data from a TARA Internet survey of The Experience of Shame will be presented.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
The Experience of Time in Habitual Teenage Marijuana Smokers
Authors: Dörr A. 
Published: June 2017

The research is qualitative; it studies the experience of time in young people who smoke marijuana in excess, given the high rate of smoking in the teenage years, a delicate stage regarding the planning of the future. Our objective is to see how the relationship between past and future plans is manifested in their biography, through goals and actions, in light of their ability to anticipate themselves. Our guiding principle is the ability to “anticipate oneself”, proposed by Sutter, a phenomenological psychiatrist. The information was obtained from the analysis of autobiographies of young persons through the hermeneutical phenomenological method developed by Lindseth, based on Ricoeur. The results reveal that in the biographies the past temporal dimension is characterized by poor descriptions, the present is where they extend themselves most, describing tastes, how they visualize themselves, but showing a lack of clarity in their interests. In the future, we see the absence of reference, giving the impression of no progression from the past, and without awareness of the fact that the future possibilities or lack thereof are heavily dependent on present actions.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Relationship between affective temperaments, traits of schizotypal Personality and early diagnosis in a sample of Italian healthy subjects
Authors: Ricci F. , Ventriglio A. , Pascucci M. , Bellomo A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAkiskal et al. [1] examined the relationship between affective temperaments and characteristics of schizotypal personality disorder. Schizotypal personality disorder is becoming increasingly important both in itself as a significant personality disorder and as a condition that can provide important insights into the origins of schizophrenia. Perceptual and interpersonal cognitive disorders, behavior and disorganized speech do the schizotypal personality disorder a kind of mild form of schizophrenia, a premorbid or prodromal phase of this serious disorder.AimsTo analyze, in an Italian sample of healthy subjects, the correlation between affective temperaments and schizotypal traits.MethodsWe recruited 173 healthy subjects aged between 18 and 65 years who have completed the following tests:– BIS-11;– SPQ;– SDS;– SAS;– HCL-32;– TEMPS-A.ResultsAt linear regression analysis between TEMPS-A scores and other rating scales are observed highly significant associations between increasing scores of cyclothymic and depressive temperament, subjective anxiety and depression with scores pertaining to the schizotypal personality disorder.ConclusionsClinically, a better understanding of the mechanisms that lead to a schizotypal personality could lead to the development of effective preventive and curative treatments in an early stage of symptoms in addition to the identification of subgroups at risk for the development of schizophrenic pathology.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.