bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An international qualitative study of functioning in autism spectrum disorder using the World Health Organization international classification of functioning, disability and health framework
Authors: Mahdi Soheil , Viljoen Marisa , Yee Tamara , Selb Melissa , Singhal Nidhi , Almodayfer Omar , Granlund Mats , de Vries Petrus J. , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Bölte Sven 
Published: December 2017

This is the third in a series of four empirical studies designed to develop International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The present study aimed to describe functioning in ASD (as operationalized by the ICF) derived from the perspectives of diagnosed individuals, family members, and professionals. A qualitative study using focus groups and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 19 stakeholder groups (N = 90) from Canada, India, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Sweden. Meaningful concepts from the focus groups and individual interviews were linked to ICF categories using a deductive qualitative approach with standardized linking procedures. The deductive qualitative content analysis yielded meaningful functioning concepts that were linked to 110 ICF categories across all four ICF components. Broad variation of environmental factors and activities and participation categories were identified in this study, while body functions consisted mainly of mental functions. Body structures were sparsely mentioned by the participants. Positive aspects of ASD included honesty, attention to detail, and memory. The experiences provided by international stakeholders support the need to understand individuals with ASD in a broader perspective, extending beyond diagnostic criteria into many areas of functioning and environmental domains. This study is part of a larger systematic effort that will provide the basis to define ICF Core Sets for ASD, from which assessment tools can be generated for use in clinical practice, research, and health care policy making. Autism Res 2018, 11: 463–475. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThe study findings support the need to understand the living experiences of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from a broader perspective, taking into account many areas of an individual's functioning and environment. The ICF can serve as foundation for exploring these living experiences more extensively by offering tools that enable wide variety of individual difficulties and strengths to be captured along with important environmental influences. As such, these tools can facilitate interventions that meet the needs and goals of the individual.
Ionic liquids for addressing unmet needs in healthcare
Authors: Agatemor Christian , Ibsen Kelly N. , Tanner Eden E. L. , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAdvances in the field of ionic liquids have opened new applications beyond their traditional use as solvents into other fields especially healthcare. The broad chemical space, rich with structurally diverse ions, and coupled with the flexibility to form complementary ion pairs enables task‐specific optimization at the molecular level to design ionic liquids for envisioned functions. Consequently, ionic liquids now are tailored as innovative solutions to address many problems in medicine. To date, ionic liquids have been designed to promote dissolution of poorly soluble drugs and disrupt physiological barriers to transport drugs to targeted sites. Also, their antimicrobial activity has been demonstrated and could be exploited to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Metal‐containing ionic liquids have also been designed and offer unique features due to incorporation of metals. Here, we review application‐driven investigations of ionic liquids in medicine with respect to current status and future potential.
Sirens song or a bugle call to charge
Authors: Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: December 2017

Key Points

Radial access for catheterization is associated with reduced bleeding and mortality across a spectrum of clinical conditions compared to femoral.
Transradial technique is associated with a higher rate of access site failure but this is in those most likely to have a femoral‐based complication.
Improved outcomes will come with further radial technique refinement and not with a retreat to legacy femoral approaches.
Power of gradients
Authors: Yadav Pradeep , Eng Marvin H. 
Published: December 2017

Key Points

Patients with high baseline gradients benefit most after TAVR.
In severe symptomatic aortic stenosis, every 10 mm Hg increase in mean gradient has 20% reduction in mortality after TAVR.
Low gradient severe aortic stenosis continues to be a clinical cohort with variable benefit from TAVR.
Toothpick ingestion and migration into the liver through the colonic hepatic flexure: case presentation, management, and literature review
Authors: El Asmar Antoine , Papas Yasmine , Hajj Imad , El Khoury Mansour 
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical MessageThe approach to toothpick ingestion and its complications should not be underestimated. The surgeon should be prepared for life‐threatening situations such as major vascular involvement, as well as highly specialized and technically challenging procedures, when the hepatic hilum is involved for instance. Referral to tertiary centers is sometimes mandatory.
Aprotic Lithium–Air Batteries Tested in Ambient Air with a High‐Performance and Low‐Cost Bifunctional Perovskite Catalyst
Authors: Cheng Junfang , Jiang Yuexing , Zhang Ming , Sun Yu , Zou Lu , Chi Bo , Pu Jian , Jian Li 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAprotic lithium–air batteries (LABs) with remarkably high energy density are facing some challenges, including insufficient cycle stability, high‐cost for applications, and unclear understanding about the mechanism. Seeking high‐performance and low‐cost catalysts is one of the effective solutions to resolve these problems. Perovskite oxide La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 (LSC) together with Fe and Mn doped materials La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Mn0.8O3 (LSCM) are prepared and applied as catalysts for LABs, which have been previously studied mostly in a pure oxygen atmosphere and rarely in ambient air. The results show that these catalysts are effective for LABs, and LSCF can improve the capacity and cycle number to 6027 mA h g−1 and 156 at current density of 400 mA g−1 in ambient air. The reasons for performance degradation of LABs tested in ambient air are discussed by EIS spectra and products analysis, which also clarifies the reason for improvement of the LSCF catalyst.
Immobilization of Molecular Catalysts for Enhanced Redox Catalysis
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Lee Yong‐Min , Nam Wonwoo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the homogenous phase, redox catalysts are often deactivated by bimolecular reactions. For example, the charge‐separated state of photoredox catalysts decayed via bimolecular back electron transfer reactions between the charge‐separated molecules to decrease the lifetimes of the catalytically active species. When photoredox catalysts are immobilized on solid supports, the lifetime of the charge‐separated state was remarkably elongated to enhance the photocatalytic activity. Immobilization of photoredox catalysts on electrodes is required for photocurrent generation, leading to development of solar cells. Metal‐oxygen intermediates, which are active for oxidation of various substrates including water oxidation, are also deactivated via bimolecular reactions to produce inactive forms such as dinuclear metal bis‐μ‐oxo complexes. Immobilization of metal complex catalysts on solid supports prohibits the bimolecular deactivation, enhancing the catalytic activity and stability. This Review focuses on recent development of immobilization of both organic and inorganic molecular catalysts on various supports for enhancement of the catalytic activity, selectivity and stability in thermal and photoinduced redox reactions.
Potassium as a Structural Promoter for an Iron/Activated Carbon Catalyst: Unusual Effect of Component Deposition Order on Magnetite Particle Size and Catalytic Behavior in Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Chernavskii Petr A. , Pankina Galina V. , Kazantsev Ruslan V. , Eliseev Oleg L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe structural and catalytic properties of nanosized Fe3O4 particles deposited on activated charcoal (AC) are drastically affected by the sequence of component deposition order. Preliminary alkalization of AC followed by Fe deposition leads to formation of small magnetite particles (modal size of 4 nm) with uniform distribution. This catalyst demonstrates much higher iron‐time yield in FT synthesis than counterparts prepared by co‐impregnation and sequential impregnation with a reverse order of component deposition (Fe, then K). The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, temperature‐programmed reduction in Ar/H2, and CO/H2 flow and in situ magnetic measurements. After calcinations in argon, catalysts contain iron predominantly in the form of magnetite with minor amount of hematite in some cases. Activation of the catalyst in the CO/H2 stream prior catalytic test leads to the formation of surface Hegg carbide Fe5C2. Spent catalysts contain considerable amount of magnetite, which is presumably due to partial oxidation of carbide by water in the course of the FT reaction.
Live‐Cell Visualization of Calcium Flux in Vibratome‐Cut Thick Sections of Viable Tumor Tissue
Authors: Koh James , Hogue Joyce A. , Sosa Julie A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis unit outlines a live‐cell imaging approach developed for visualization of intracellular calcium flux in human parathyroid tumors following stimulation of the calcium‐sensing receptor (CASR), a class C G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR). The primary assay readout, intracellular calcium release induced by activation of the inositol triphosphate receptor, is potentially generalizable to multiple other GPCR signaling events that utilize this common downstream signal transduction pathway. Advantages of the approach include: (1) preservation of native tissue context and positional information, allowing direct visualization of intratumoral functional heterogeneity; (2) quantitative documentation of reactivity to a physiological stimulus in an experimentally tractable ex vivo system; and (3) generation of a dynamic, functional classifier of tumor biochemical behavior to augment static marker assessment. The technical steps are performed in three sequential phases: (1) viable tissue sectioning; (2) fluorophore loading and tissue immobilization; and (3) live‐cell confocal microscopy. This versatile method provides a straightforward platform for functional characterization of human tumors. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Leptin Function and Regulation
Authors: Zhang Yiying , Chua Streamson 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTWe summarize the biological impact of leptin signaling as well as the molecular and cellular characteristics of leptin action. Our focus is principally in the central nervous system and we describe the properties of the neuronal networks that are mediators of leptin's effects on ingestive behavior, energy balance, and the reproductive system. The molecular targets of leptin's effects are also responsible for the attenuation and termination of the intracellular signal transduction pathway for leptin, providing a clear understanding of the mechanisms leading to leptin resistance or insensitivity. Using the tools of comparative biology, we explore the potential functions of leptin in fish and birds. Based on the highly variable expression of leptin in multiple tissues, a clear lack of expression of leptin in adipocytes in numerous species of fish and birds and an absence of changes of leptin concentrations in blood that are correlated with changes in nutritional status, it is clear that leptin is unlikely to function as a signal for triglyceride stores in nonmammalian species. This comparative survey serves to highlight the unique function of leptin in mammalian biology as a modulator of energy balance, sexual development, and fertility. © 2018 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol8:351‐369, 2018.
Electrodeposition of Nickel Nanoparticles for the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Correlating Electrocatalytic Behavior and Chemical Composition
Authors: Tao Shasha , Yang Florent , Schuch Jona , Jaegermann Wolfram , Kaiser Bernhard 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNi nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of Ni, NiO, and Ni(OH)2 were formed on Ti substrates by electrodeposition as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solution. Additionally, the deposition parameters including the potential range and the scan rate were varied, and the resulting NPs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The chemical composition of the NPs changed upon using different conditions, and it was found that the catalytic activity increased with an increase in the amount of NiO. From these data, optimized NPs were synthesized; the best sample showed an onset potential of approximately 0 V and an overpotential of 197 mV at a cathodic current density of 10 mA cm−2 as well as a small Tafel slope of 88 mV dec−1 in 1 m KOH, values that are comparable to those of Pt foil. These NPs consist of approximately 25 % Ni and Ni(OH)2 each, as well as approximately 50 % NiO. This implies that to obtain a successful HER electrocatalyst, active sites with differing compositions have to be close to each other to promote the different reaction steps. Long‐time measurements (30 h) showed almost complete transformation of the highly active catalyst compound consisting of Ni0, NiO, and Ni(OH)2 into the less active Ni(OH)2 phase. Nevertheless, the here‐employed electrodeposition of nonprecious metal/metal‐oxide combination compounds represents a promising alternative to Pt‐based electrocatalysts for water reduction to hydrogen.
Performance analysis of cooperative spectrum sharing using non‐orthogonal multiple access
Authors: Kader Md Fazlul , Shin Soo Young 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a cooperative spectrum sharing protocol using non‐orthogonal multiple access in cognitive radio networks. A 2‐phase protocol comprising of a primary transmitter‐receiver pair and a secondary transmitter‐receiver pair is considered. In the proposed protocol, 3 data symbols can be transmitted during the 2 phases; this is unlike the traditional decode‐and‐forward relaying where 1 data symbol can be transmitted and the conventional superposition coding–based overlay spectrum sharing and the cooperative relaying system using non‐orthogonal multiple access where 2 data symbols can be transmitted, under a single‐relay scenario. We have investigated performance of our proposed protocol in terms of ergodic sum capacity and outage probability along with analytical derivations over independent Rayleigh fading channels. We also compared our proposed protocol with the traditional decode‐and‐forward relaying, conventional superposition coding–based overlay spectrum sharing, and the cooperative relaying system using non‐orthogonal multiple access schemes to demonstrate efficacy of the proposed protocol. The simulation and analytical results are presented to confirm efficiency of the proposed spectrum sharing protocol.
Improving the use of environmental diversity as a surrogate for species representation
Authors: Albuquerque Fabio , Beier Paul 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe continuous p‐median approach to environmental diversity (ED) is a reliable way to identify sites that efficiently represent species. A recently developed maximum dispersion (maxdisp) approach to ED is computationally simpler, does not require the user to reduce environmental space to two dimensions, and performed better than continuous p‐median for datasets of South African animals. We tested whether maxdisp performs as well as continuous p‐median for 12 datasets that included plants and other continents, and whether particular types of environmental variables produced consistently better models of ED. We selected 12 species inventories and atlases to span a broad range of taxa (plants, birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians), spatial extents, and resolutions. For each dataset, we used continuous p‐median ED and maxdisp ED in combination with five sets of environmental variables (five combinations of temperature, precipitation, insolation, NDVI, and topographic variables) to select environmentally diverse sites. We used the species accumulation index (SAI) to evaluate the efficiency of ED in representing species for each approach and set of environmental variables. Maxdisp ED represented species better than continuous p‐median ED in five of 12 biodiversity datasets, and about the same for the other seven biodiversity datasets. Efficiency of ED also varied with type of variables used to define environmental space, but no particular combination of variables consistently performed best. We conclude that maxdisp ED performs at least as well as continuous p‐median ED, and has the advantage of faster and simpler computation. Surprisingly, using all 38 environmental variables was not consistently better than using subsets of variables, nor did any subset emerge as consistently best or worst; further work is needed to identify the best variables to define environmental space. Results can help ecologists and conservationists select sites for species representation and assist in conservation planning.
Forgetting to remember? Prospective memory within the context of pain
Authors: Gatzounis R. , Schrooten M.G.S. , Crombez G. , Vlaeyen J.W.S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundPain interferes with cognitive functioning in several ways. Among other symptoms, pain patients often report difficulties with remembering future intentions. It remains unclear, however, whether it is the pain per se that impairs prospective remembering or other factors that often characterize people with pain (e.g. poor sleep quality). In this experiment, we investigated whether prospective memory is impaired within the context of pain, and whether this impairment is enhanced when the threat value of pain is increased.MethodsHealthy participants engaged in an ongoing word categorization task, during which they received either experimental pain stimuli (with or without threatening instructions designed to increase the threat value of pain), or no pain stimuli (no somatic stimuli and no threatening instructions). Crucially, participants were also instructed to perform a prospective memory intention on future moments that would be signalled by specific retrieval cues.ResultsThreatening instructions did not differentiate the pain groups in terms of pain threat value; therefore, we only focus on the difference between pain and no pain. Pain and no‐pain groups performed the prospective memory intention with similar frequency, indicating that prospective memory is not necessarily impaired when the intended action has to be performed in a painful context.ConclusionsFindings are discussed in the framework of the multiprocess theory of prospective memory, which differentiates between the spontaneous and the strategic retrieval of intentions. Methodological considerations and suggestions for future research are discussed.SignificanceThis laboratory study combines established methods from two research fields to investigate the effects of a painful context on memory for future intentions. Painful context did not impair performance of a prospective memory intention that is assumed to be retrieved by means of spontaneous processing.
Applicability of the fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test (OECD 236) in the regulatory context of Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)
Authors: Sobanska Marta , Scholz Stefan , Nyman Anna-Maija , Cesnaitis Romanas , Gutierrez Alonso Simon , Klüver Nils , Kühne Ralph , Tyle Henrik , de Knecht Joop , Dang Zhichao , Lundbergh Ivar , Carlon Claudio , De Coen Wim 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

In 2013 the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline (236) for fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) was adopted. It determines the acute toxicity of chemicals to embryonic fish. Previous studies show a good correlation of FET with the standard acute fish toxicity (AFT) test; however, the potential of the FET test to predict AFT, which is required by the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation (EC 1907/2006) and the Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) Regulation (EC 1272/2008), has not yet been fully clarified. In 2015 the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) requested that a consultant perform a scientific analysis of the applicability of FET to predict AFT. The purpose was to compare the toxicity of substances to fish embryos and to adult fish, and to investigate whether certain factors (e.g., physicochemical properties, modes of action, or chemical structures) could be used to define the applicability boundaries of the FET test. Given the limited data availability, the analysis focused on organic substances. The present critical review summarizes the main findings and discusses regulatory application of the FET test under REACH. Given some limitations (e.g., neurotoxic mode of action) and/or remaining uncertainties (e.g., deviation of some narcotic substances), it has been found that the FET test alone is currently not sufficient to meet the essential information on AFT as required by the REACH regulation. However, the test may be used within weight-of-evidence approaches together with other independent, relevant, and reliable sources of information. The present review also discusses further research needs that may overcome the remaining uncertainties and help to increase acceptance of FET as a replacement for AFT in the future. For example, an increase in the availability of data generated according to OECD test guideline 236 may provide evidence of a higher predictive power of the test. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:657–670. © 2017 SETAC
Extracting information shocks from the Bank of England inflation density forecasts
Authors: Díaz Carlos 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper shows how to extract the density of information shocks from revisions of the Bank of England's inflation density forecasts. An information shock is defined in this paper as a random variable that contains the set of information made available between two consecutive forecasting exercises and that has been incorporated into a revised forecast for a fixed point event. Studying the moments of these information shocks can be useful in understanding how the Bank has changed its assessment of risks surrounding inflation in the light of new information, and how it has modified its forecasts accordingly. The variance of the information shock is interpreted in this paper as a new measure of ex ante inflation uncertainty that measures the uncertainty that the Bank anticipates information perceived in a particular quarter will pose on inflation. A measure of information absorption that indicates the approximate proportion of the information content in a revised forecast that is attributable to information made available since the last forecast release is also proposed.