bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species interactions and the effects of climate variability on a wetland amphibian metacommunity
Authors: Davis Courtney L. , Miller David A. W. , Walls Susan C. , Barichivich William J. , Riley Jeffrey W. , Brown Mary E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDisentangling the role that multiple interacting factors have on species responses to shifting climate poses a significant challenge. However, our ability to do so is of utmost importance to predict the effects of climate change on species distributions. We examined how populations of three species of wetland‐breeding amphibians, which varied in life history requirements, responded to a six‐year period of extremely variable precipitation. This interval was punctuated by both extensive drought and heavy precipitation and flooding, providing a natural experiment to measure community responses to environmental perturbations. We estimated occurrence dynamics using a discrete hidden Markov modeling approach that incorporated information regarding habitat state and predator–prey interactions. This approach allowed us to measure how metapopulation dynamics of each amphibian species was affected by interactions among weather, wetland hydroperiod, and co‐occurrence with fish predators. The pig frog, a generalist, proved most resistant to perturbations, with both colonization and persistence being unaffected by seasonal variation in precipitation or co‐occurrence with fishes. The ornate chorus frog, an ephemeral wetland specialist, responded positively to periods of drought owing to increased persistence and colonization rates during periods of low‐rainfall. Low probabilities of occurrence of the ornate chorus frog in long‐duration wetlands were driven by interactions with predators due to low colonization rates when fishes were present. The mole salamander was most sensitive to shifts in water availability. In our study area, this species never occurred in short‐duration wetlands and persistence probabilities decreased during periods of drought. At the same time, negative effects occurred with extreme precipitation because flooding facilitated colonization of fishes to isolated wetlands and mole salamanders did not colonize wetlands once fishes were present. We demonstrate that the effects of changes in water availability depend on interactions with predators and wetland type and are influenced by the life history of each of our species. The dynamic species occurrence modeling approach we used offers promise for other systems when the goal is to disentangle the complex interactions that determine species responses to environmental variability.
Disassembly of a tadpole community by a multi‐host fungal pathogen with limited evidence of recovery
Authors: DiRenzo Graziella V. , Che‐Castaldo Christian , Rugenski Amanda , Brenes Roberto , Whiles Matt R. , Pringle Catherine M. , Kilham Susan S. , Lips Karen R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases can cause host community disassembly, but the mechanisms driving the order of species declines and extirpations following a disease outbreak are unclear. We documented the community disassembly of a Neotropical tadpole community during a chytridiomycosis outbreak, triggered by the generalist fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Within the first 11 months of Bd arrival, tadpole density and occupancy rapidly declined. Species rarity, in terms of tadpole occupancy and adult relative abundance, did not predict the odds of tadpole occupancy declines. But species losses were taxonomically selective, with glassfrogs (Family: Centrolenidae) disappearing the fastest and tree frogs (Family: Hylidae) and dart‐poison frogs (Family: Dendrobatidae) remaining the longest. We detected biotic homogenization of tadpole communities, with post‐decline communities resembling one another more strongly than pre‐decline communities. The entire tadpole community was extirpated within 22 months following Bd arrival, and we found limited signs of recovery within 10 years post‐outbreak. Because of imperfect species detection inherent to sampling species‐rich tropical communities and the difficulty of devising a single study design protocol to sample physically complex tropical habitats, we used simulations to provide recommendations for future surveys to adequately sample diverse Neotropical communities. Our unique data set on tadpole community composition before and after Bd arrival is a valuable baseline for assessing amphibian recovery. Our results are of direct relevance to conservation managers and community ecologists interested in understanding the timing, magnitude, and consequences of disease outbreaks as emerging infectious diseases spread globally.
Synthesis of new functionalized aryl‐substituted methylphosphonic and methylenediphosphonic acids and their derivatives
Authors: Prishchenko Andrey A. , Livantsov Mikhail V. , Novikova Olga P. , Livantsova Ludmila I. , Petrosyan Valery S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe convenient syntheses of new aryl‐substituted hydroxymethylphosphonic and methylenediphosphonic acids from the aromatic aldehydes, their derivatives, and phosphorous acid esters in the presence of the effective catalysts (trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, zinc chloride, and cadmium iodide) were developed.
Public Healthcare Entitlements and Healthcare Utilisation among the Older Population in Ireland
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Nolan Anne 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe use of direct out‐of‐pocket payments to finance general practitioner (GP) care by the majority of the population in Ireland is unusual in a European context. Currently, approximately 40% of the population have means‐tested access to free GP care, while the remainder must pay the full out‐of‐pocket cost. In this paper, we use data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) to examine the impact of the current system of public healthcare entitlements on GP utilisation among the older population. Using difference‐in‐difference propensity score matching methods, we find significant effects of changes in public healthcare entitlements on GP utilisation (i.e. introducing user fees reduces utilisation, while removing them increases utilisation). There is limited evidence of offset effects on other types of healthcare utilisation. The results have direct implications for current Irish health policy, and add to the international literature on the effects of insurance on healthcare utilisation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal dynamics in shallow freshwater pond‐peatland hydrochemical interactions in a subarctic permafrost environment
Authors: Morison Matthew Q. , Macrae Merrin L. , Petrone Richard M. , Fishback LeeAnn 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTerrestrial and aquatic ecological productivity are often nutrient limited in subarctic permafrost environments. High latitude regions are experiencing significant climatic change, including rapid warming and changing precipitation patterns, which may result in changes in nutrient dynamics within terrestrial and aquatic systems and hydrochemical transport between them. The objective of this research was to characterize changes in runoff quantity and quality within, and between peatlands and ponds throughout the snow‐free summer season. Two ponds and their catchments were monitored over the snow‐free season to measure changes in hydrologic storage, and to determine how water chemistry changed with the evolution of the frost table depth. Thresholds in hydrologic storage combined with frost table position (which inhibited infiltration and storage) produced nonlinear responses for runoff generation through highly conductive shallow peat layers while deeper, less conductive layers retarded flow. Greater inputs were required to exceed hydrologic storage (fill and spill) as a deepening frost table increased the hydrologically active portion of the soil, leading to seasonal variability in runoff pathways between peatlands and ponds. Runoff contributions to ponds were an integral component of the snow‐free water balance during the study period, contributing up to 60% of all snow‐free inputs. Groundwater chemistry (and pond chemistry following runoff events when ponds were connected with peatlands) reflected the different depths of peat and mineral soil accessed throughout the season. This work has improved scientific understanding of the combined controls of hydrologic inputs and ground frost on runoff and nutrient transport between peatlands and ponds, and sheds insight into how nutrient dynamics in cold regions may evolve under a changing climate.
Optimizing Tomato Water and Fertilizer Uses in Smallholder Farms in South Africa Using the Piloten Model
Authors: Albasha R. , Jovanovic N. , Cheviron B. , De Clercq W. , Mailhol J.‐C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe objectives of this paper are twofold: (i) to calibrate and validate the PILOTEN crop model for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and (ii) to use the model to examine the response of tomato yield to different irrigation and fertilization scheduling scenarios under varying climatic conditions in order to draw up management recommendations for smallholder farms. The calibration and validation were performed by using data collected from field experiments carried out in the north‐east of South Africa, on shallow Ferrosol and Luvisol soils. The scenarios dealt with: (i) the initial soil‐water availability (fulfilling or not the soil‐water reserve at planting); (ii) the irrigation dose frequency (high versus low irrigation doses ranging from 10 to 40 mm per application); (iii) the fertilization dose frequency (full versus split fertilization application). The results indicated that only the fertilization scheduling may significantly affect tomato yields, while irrigation scheduling has a minor role. However, compared to the local official irrigation guidelines, it is recommended to slightly increase the irrigation doses during the first 4 weeks of growth for tomato grown between early September and mid‐December, and to slightly decrease the doses in the second part of the growing cycles starting in February and May. It is also suggested to avoid applying the entire fertilizer dose after seedling planting for tomato grown between mid‐February and late June. Copyright © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation and application of a nondestructive and contactless method for rheological evaluation of biomaterials
Authors: Ceccaldi Caroline , Strandman Satu , Hui Eve , Montagnon Emmanuel , Schmitt Cédric , Hadj Henni Anis , Lerouge Sophie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHydrogels are extensively used for tissue engineering, cell therapy or controlled release of bioactive factors. Nondestructive techniques that can follow their viscoelastic properties during polymerization, remodeling, and degradation are needed, since these properties are determinant for their in vivo efficiency. In this work, we proposed the viscoelastic testing of bilayered materials (VeTBiM) as a new method for nondestructive and contact‐less mechanical characterization of soft materials. The VeTBiM method measures the dynamic displacement response of a material, to a low amplitude vibration in order to characterize its viscoelastic properties. We validated VeTBiM by comparing data obtained on various agar and chitosan hydrogels with data from rotational rheometry, and compression tests. We then investigated its potential to follow the mechanical properties of chitosan hydrogels during gelation and in the presence of papain and lysozyme that induce fast or slow enzymatic degradation. Due to this nondestructive and contactless approach, samples can be removed from the instrument and stored in different conditions between measurements. VeTBiM is well adapted to follow biomaterials alone or with cells, over long periods of time. This new method will help in the fine tuning of the mechanical properties of biomaterials used for cell therapy and tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2565–2573, 2017.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Microalbuminuria and Urine Ischemia‐Modified Albumin Levels in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Bilgi Mustafa , Keser Ahmet , Katlandur Huseyin , Sahin Emel , Kalkan Ali Osman , Yildiz Murat , Kiyici Aysel , Keles Mustafa 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionIschemia‐modified albumin (IMA) is a marker which can be associated with oxidative stress in various ischemic and non‐ischemic processes. Oxidative stress plays roles in diabetes mellitus, its complications and pathogenesis. Serum IMA levels are examined in various clinical events. However, urine IMA levels have not yet been evaluated in diabetic patients. In this study, we aim to examine the relationship between metabolic features and urine microalbuminuria levels of diabetic patients and their urine IMA levels.Materials and MethodsThere were totally 50 type 2 diabetic patients in the study at the Mevlana University Hospital. Patients with cerebrovascular disease, acute myocardial infarction, hemodialysis patients with end stage chronic renal failure, pulmonary embolism, and malignant disease were excluded from the study. Metabolic features, urine IMA levels and cardiological parameters of patients were evaluated.ResultsMean age of patients was 59 ± 9 years, 20 of them (40%) were male and 30 of them (60%) were female. There were six patients with albuminuria value of <0.03 mg/g (normal), there were 39 patients with microalbuminuria value of 0.03–0.3 mg/g and there were five patients with macroalbuminuria of >0.3 mg/g. According to the analysis of patients with microalbuminuria (n = 39), there was no correlation between IMA levels and numerical demographic data, albuminuria, glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, creatinine, uric acid, hematological parameters.DiscussionConclusively, there was no relationship between urine IMA levels and microalbuminuria related to the diabetic nephropathy. These findings can be associated with urinary excretion mechanisms of IMA.
Antennal and mouthpart sensilla of Acanthoscelides obtectus say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
Authors: Urbanek Aleksandra , Łuszczek Dorota , Kapusta Małgorzata 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAcanthoscelides obtectus, a serious pest with a worldwide distribution, damages stored seeds of Phaseolus sp. To acquire a better understanding of the sensory orientation of bean weevils, their antennal and palpal sensilla were investigated. The antennae and palps possess several types of sensory hairs: blunt‐tipped sensilla chaetica and trichoidea and also sharp‐tipped sensilla trichoidea, these last being the most numerous. Sensilla basiconica are present only on the flagellomeres, but Böhm bristles occur on the basal sclerite and scape of the antennae. The terminal segments of the maxillary and labial palps bear a group of sensilla styloconica with single apical pores. Sensilla coeloconica are located only on the terminal palpal segments. They were unable to detect any distinct morphological differences between males and females. The possible chemosensory, mechanosensory, and thermo‐/hygroreceptive functions of the sensilla are discussed.
Trends in frequency and persistence of atmospheric circulation types over Europe derived from a multitude of classifications
Authors: Kučerová Monika , Beck Christoph , Philipp Andreas , Huth Radan 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to quantify changes of atmospheric circulation over Europe using a large number of classifications of circulation types that were collected and developed within the COST733 Action ‘Harmonisation and Applications of Weather Types Classifications for European Regions’. Circulation changes over Europe are studied in terms of changing seasonal frequency and persistence of daily circulation types in the period September 1957–August 2002. The extensive collection of both subjective and objective (computer‐assisted) catalogues of circulation types in 12 European domains serves as a platform for comparison of different classification methods, varying numbers of circulation types, sequencing of input sea‐level pressure data, and spatial scale of circulation processes. The overall picture of frequency and persistence trends is consistent with two large‐scale tendencies: strengthening and eastward shift of the North Atlantic Oscillation, and a northwestward shift of storm tracks. There is, however, a limited consistency in the trends between individual classifications. This inconsistency leads us to the recommendation that results of climatological analyses based on a single classification should not be generalized and overinterpreted; it is highly advisable to simultaneously use multiple, and as many as possible, classifications in climatological studies.
Modelling the Effect of Land Management Changes on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in a Mediterranean Cultivated Field
Authors: Quijano Laura , Van Oost Kristof , Nadeu Elisabet , Gaspar Leticia , Navas Ana 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLand management in agricultural lands has important effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. These effects are particularly relevant in the Mediterranean region, where soils are fragile and prone to erosion. Increasing interest of modelling to simulate SOC dynamics and the significance of soil erosion on SOC redistribution have been linked to the development of some recent models. In this study, the SPEROS‐C model was implemented in a 1.6‐ha cereal field for a 150‐year period covering 100 years of minimum tillage by animal traction, 35 years of conventional tillage followed by 15 years of reduced tillage by chisel to evaluate the effects of changes in land management on SOC stocks and lateral carbon fluxes in a Mediterranean agroecosystem. The spatial patterns of measured and simulated SOC stocks were in good agreement, and their spatial variability appeared to be closely linked to soil redistribution. Changes in the magnitude of lateral SOC fluxes differed between land management showing that during the conventional tillage period the carbon losses is slightly higher (0.06 g C m−2 yr−1) compared to the period of reduced till using chisel (0.04 g C m−2 yr−1).Although the results showed that the SPEROS‐C model is a potential tool to evaluate erosion induced carbon fluxes and assess the relative contribution of different land management on SOC stocks in Mediterranean agroecosystems, the model was not able to fully represent the observed SOC stocks. Further research (e.g. input parameters) and model development will be needed to achieve more accurate results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pioneer Mediterranean Shrub Species Revegetating Soils Developed on Mining Soils/Spoils
Authors: Batista Maria João , Gonzalez‐Fernandez Oscar , Abreu Maria Manuela , Queralt Ignasi , Carvalho Maria Luisa 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSpontaneous and autochthonous species of plants growing on degraded and contaminated soils/spoils that survive in such environments show, in general, no symptoms of toxicity. This study compares concentrations of chemical elements in different leaves maturation and in different seasons of several native species in a massive sulphide in an abandoned mine area. The objective is to evaluate if these species can play an important role on the stabilization of degraded soils and mine spoils. Total concentrations of chemical elements were great in soils. However, in general, only <1% of the total concentration was extracted by DTPA or ammonium acetate solutions. Total and available fraction of the chemical elements has similar behaviour between soil sites. Mature leaves have higher concentrations of As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn than younger ones. An opposite behaviour occurs with S. Winter and spring variations in most chemical elements concentrations in the plant leaves are not significantly different, except for As. Elemental concentrations of plant leaves are independent of the same elements concentrations (total and available fraction) in soils where plants have grown. The concentrations of As, Cu and Pb in plant leaves were below the level of risk to be ingested by grazing animals, although soils are above the reported thresholds. Therefore, all studied plant species can be considered for phytostabilization programmes, but the use of the land for pasture may not be a solution considering that animals ingest soil along with herbage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
hp Fast multipole boundary element method for 3D acoustics
Authors: Keuchel Sören , Vater Kerstin , Estorff Otto von 
Published: October 2016

SummaryA fast multipole boundary element method (FMBEM) extended by an adaptive mesh refinement algorithm for solving acoustic problems in three‐dimensional space is presented in this paper. The Collocation method is used, and the Burton–Miller formulation is employed to overcome the fictitious eigenfrequencies arising for exterior domain problems. Because of the application of the combined integral equation, the developed FMBEM is feasible for all positive wave numbers even up to high frequencies. In order to evaluate the hypersingular integral resulting from the Burton–Miller formulation of the boundary integral equation, an integration technique for arbitrary element order is applied. The fast multipole method combined with an arbitrary order h‐p mesh refinement strategy enables accurate computation of large‐scale systems. Numerical examples substantiate the high accuracy attainable by the developed FMBEM, while requiring only moderate computational effort at the same time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solving large‐scale nonlinear eigenvalue problems by rational interpolation and resolvent sampling based Rayleigh–Ritz method
Authors: Xiao Jinyou , Zhang Chuanzeng , Huang Tsung‐Ming , Sakurai Tetsuya 
Published: October 2016

SummaryNumerical solution of nonlinear eigenvalue problems (NEPs) is frequently encountered in computational science and engineering. The applicability of most existing methods is limited by the matrix structures, properties of the eigen‐solutions, sizes of the problems, etc. This paper aims to remove those limitations and develop robust and universal NEP solvers for large‐scale engineering applications. The novelty lies in two aspects. First, a rational interpolation approach (RIA) is proposed based on the Keldysh theorem for holomorphic matrix functions. Comparing with the existing contour integral approach, the RIA provides the possibility to select sampling points in more general regions and has advantages in improving the accuracy and reducing the computational cost. Second, a resolvent sampling scheme using the RIA is proposed to construct reliable search spaces for the Rayleigh–Ritz procedure, based on which a robust eigen‐solver, called resolvent sampling based Rayleigh–Ritz method (RSRR), is developed for solving general NEPs. The RSRR can be easily implemented and parallelized. The advantages of the RIA and the performance of the RSRR are demonstrated by a variety of benchmark and application examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breaking embedded electrospun fibers (BEEF): Fabrication of polymer spheres encapsulated in polymer films
Authors: Chi Heng‐Yu , Tsai Chia‐Chan , Chiu Yu‐Jing , Chen Jiun‐Tai 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, a novel method to fabricate polymer spheres encapsulated in polymer films by breaking embedded electrospun fibers (BEEF) was developed. Polymer fibers were first prepared by electrospinning and embedded in other polymer films using a three‐layer deposition method. After thermal annealing, the electrospun fibers transform into individual spheres with regular spacing and sizes. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) are both used as the fiber or film materials. The transformation process can be observed in‐situ by optical microscope (OM) and is similar to the Plateau–Rayleigh instability. The growth rates of the surface undulation of the fibers are calculated, and higher growth rates are observed at higher annealing temperatures. The sizes of the encapsulated polymer spheres agree well with the theoretical predictions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 2463–2470