bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of double quenching process on Microstructure and Properties of 20CrMoH Alloy Steel
Authors: Gao Zhixin , Ren Shuai , Li Jie , Sun Zhiyan , Sun Jiangbo , Sun Caifeng , Liu Lijun , Duan Luzhao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the influence of dual quenching process quenching temperature on the microstructure, hardness, and mechanical properties of 20CrMoH alloy steel through optical metallographic microscopy, Rockwell hardness tester, and universal mechanical testing machine. The results indicate that during the second quenching in the temperature range of 780-880 °C, with the increase of quenching temperature, the tensile strength of 20CrMoH steel shows a rapid increase trend, from 1250MPa to 1550MPa. At this time, the matrix structure gradually evolves from ferrite + bainite structure to bainite + martensite, which is also the main factor for its rapid increase in tensile strength; When the quenching temperature rises to above 850 °C, the influence of quenching temperature on the tensile strength decreases, and the tensile strength remains around 1550MPa. The secondary quenching temperature has little effect on the plasticity of the material. The overall reduction and elongation of the section under different quenching temperature conditions are at a similar level, with a reduction rate of 9% -12% and a stable reduction rate of 50% -60%, indicating good mechanical properties.
Research of the anti-static and corrosion resistance of S-ZnO/m-SWCNTs/ FC composite coating
Authors: Wang Zhiqi , Man Tiannan , Nong Zhisheng , Ma Keming , Wang Baichen , Xing Yue , Lu Shaowei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In order to solve the hazards caused by corrosion and charge accumulation in aircraft, electronic equipment, oil and gas pipelines, the corrosion resistance and anti-static performance of coatings need to be noted. In this study, monodisperse single-walled carbon nanotubes functional slurry (m-SWCNTs) was obtained by the combination of high-energy ultrasonic dispersion and non-covalent amphiphilic dispersant (PVP). In this way, the uniform dispersion of low-content m-SWCNTs in fluorocarbon composite coatings was achieved, and the micronano structured surface of the fluorocarbon composite coating was constructed by using the modified-ZnO in order to achieve superhydrophobicity. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of the fluorocarbon composite coating was further improved and the antistatic property of the composite coating met the use requirements, which was achieved through the synergistic effect of the m-SWCNTs network and the modified-ZnO. The resistivity of S-ZnO/m-SWCNTs/FC coating is 3.15 Ωm, acting as anti-static coating to reduce safety hazards, its corrosion current is 9.66×10−8 A/cm2, which is lower than bare steel by 3 orders of magnitude. Meanwhile, the composite coating owns the self-cleaning, superhydrophobic and organic solvent affinity, acting as oil-water separation coating. This research provides a new idea for the fabrication of multifunctional coating, elucidating the significant potential of its applications.
Promoting Adhesion of Natural Rubber/Styrene-Butadiene Rubber to Brass Using Vietnamese Natural Rubber-Based Adhesives
Authors: Doan Vu Anh , Cong Hoan Nguyen , Trung Hai Huynh , Nguyen Thanh Liem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to enhance the adhesion between brass and NR/SBR rubber sheets using solvent-based adhesives derived from Vietnamese natural rubber. The effects of silane coupling agents and iron nanoparticles on adhesion were investigated. (3-Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane (APTES) and iron nanoparticles are incorporated into the adhesives at varying concentrations to enhance adhesion levels. The characteristics of the adhesive, such as viscosity, peel-off tensile strength, and the surface morphology of the adhesive bond failure, have been studied and evaluated. The research results demonstrated that as the APTES content added to the adhesives increases gradually, the peel strength between the NR/SBR and brass significantly improves. The highest peel strength value achieved was 5.27 N/mm at 25 phr APTES, representing a 974% increase compared to the sample without silane. The continued addition of iron nanoparticles to the adhesive further improves the peel tensile strength, reaching a maximum value of 5.93 N/mm at a nanoparticle content of 5 phr. This information will be crucial for developing practical applications for this type of adhesive.
Properties of chitosan films modified with TiO2 nanoparticles promising as biodegradable food packaging
Authors: Sundareva Yu A. , Dumina I. S. , Salomatina E.V. , Smirnova O.N. , Bulanov E.N. , Zarubin D.M. , Smirnova L.A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The structure, tensile strength and thermo-physical properties of chitosan films reinforced by TiO2 nanoparticles and obtained from aqueous solutions of various acids - hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid - were investigated. The TiO2 nanoparticles concentration was from 0.5 to 10 wt.% relative to the chitosan weight. The tensile strengths of all chitosan films prepared from aqueous solutions of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid containing TiO2 nanoparticles were greater than 80 MPa, while this characteristic for initial chitosan was approximately 35 MPa. The highest tensile strength was 127 MPa with an elongation of 13% was found for samples with TiO2 concentration 0.5 wt.% and obtained using acetic acid. These effects can be attributed to changes in the film structure when TiO2 small amount was added to it which was confirmed by IR-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. A glass transition temperature increasing of the samples were determined in the TiO2 presence. Moreover, the films exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and were able to biodegrade.
Study on the Effect of Al-Ti-B-RE Refiner on the Refining Effect of A356 Aluminum Alloy after Different Melt Treatments
Authors: Chen Guiqing , Huang Shita , Fu Gaosheng , Wu Jianxin , Chen Ruoyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The A356 aluminum alloy treated with conventional flux purification and impurity removal flux purification was refined using Al-Ti-B-RE refiner. The aluminum liquid treated with impurity removal flux purification had a better refining effect, with a reduction in grain size of 25.26% and a significant improvement in strength and elongation. Due to the higher purity of the aluminum liquid purified by the impurity removal flux, the stability of the refinement effect is better maintained during the later insulation process, providing good conditions for the transportation and casting of the aluminum liquid.
Analysis of Seat Vibration during High-Speed Driving for a Certain Vehicle Model
Authors: Tao Zhang , Lei Ren , Lianmao Wu , Zhao Chen , Hongjian Su , Ruyi Chen , Yongwei Tang , Ximin Yang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To address the seat shaking issue of a certain vehicle model under high-speed conditions, this article utilizes the TPA method, starting from the “source-path-response” perspective. By comparing with benchmark vehicles’ lateral parameters, it confirms the abnormal vibration frequency of the seat as 12Hz in the Z direction. Through real vehicle testing, the validity of this approach is verified, providing clear optimization solutions and improvement suggestions for subsequent vehicle NVH design.
Design, Fabrication and Aerodynamic Analysis of a RC Airplane
Authors: Shil Durjoy Chandra , Ahmed Md Tanvir , Mia Md Robin , Bej Nilotpala 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An internal receiver and a hand-held transmitter enable the remote operation of a (model) airplane, often known as an RC plane or airplane, to be operated remotely. The objective is to create a high-performance, stable, and maneuverable RC airplane maintaining an optimum AOA suitable for recreational and hobbyist use. Since the used electronic components are freely available in markets and do not require user programming, this paper did not focus on them. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis was used to discuss wing shape, and control surface configuration to optimize lift, drag, and stability also calculated the optimum angle of attack which was found to be below 15 degrees. The N10 airfoil was taken into consideration for the wing design based on its asymmetrical shape for better lift and aerodynamic performance. Overall, this article provides valuable insights and guidelines for the design and development of RC airplanes, fostering advancements in this exciting field of aviation.
Performance analysis of Plate type Steam Condenser Using Nano-fluid
Authors: Pandey Vijay Kumar , Prakash Om , Brar Lakhbir Singh , Kumar Ankur , Shriwastava Sandeep , Chakraborty Saurav , Kumar Anil 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the application of nanofluid coolant, specifically a mixture of water and aluminium dioxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles, to augment heat transfer efficiency within flat plate heat exchanger. Beginning with an introduction highlighting the pivotal role of heat exchangers in industrial processes, the study emphasizes the imperative for enhanced efficiency and reduced energy consumption. The system description delineates the components and functionality of flat plate heat exchanger, elucidating operational and experimental conditions including initial temperatures and subsequent temperature transitions during cooling. Key parameters such as effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient are identified, with an exploration of their variation when comparing water alone to nanofluid coolant. Comparative data showcases experimentally obtained effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient values for both coolant types, revealing a substantial enhancement in efficiency with nanofluid coolant. Like effectiveness for water was 18% while that for nanofluid was 35%. The future potential and broader applications of nanofluid coolant in heat transfer technologies, advocating for continued research to unlock further advancements and efficiencies in industrial processes. By this technology we can reduce water losses as well as reduce power consumption in plants.
Estimation of energy available in rain droplets from meteorological rainfall data
Authors: Gupta Anushka , Vimalraj S R , Vaikuntanathan Visakh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Even though the amount of rainfall is well documented in the reports of the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the rainfall energy available in different parts of India is unknown to the best of our knowledge. This paper reports a theoretical framework to convert the meteorological rainfall data to rainfall energy. The amount of rainfall over the south-west Monsoon period of 2022 is first converted to an average rainfall rate. Using the information on rain droplet size distribution for a rainfall of a given rainfall rate, the total energy contained in the rainfall is derived. In this, both the kinetic and surface energies of rain droplets of different sizes are considered. Based on the developed theoretical framework, rainfall map of India is converted to rainfall energy map showing states/union territories with maximum and minimum rainfall energy. Furthermore, for selected states in India, the districts showing maximum and minimum rainfall energy are also highlighted. The framework developed in the present study would help attempts to develop efficient rain energy harvesting systems.
On Microplasticity-induced Fatigue Fracture and its Relation to Entropy
Authors: Prakyat Reddy B , Jaswanth Lankapalli , Sharma Arun Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The study delves into the intricate effects of microplasticity on fracture formation in testing specimens under axial cyclic loading. The primary aim is to pinpoint the juncture at which microplasticity becomes discernible across the stress cycle. Fatigue tests are conducted on varied specimens until failure using a fatigue testing machine, while recording parameters such as frequency, stress amplitude, applied power, and tensile strain. The investigation seeks to ascertain whether cracks must attain a specific size before manifesting these subtle alterations. A conjectured relationship is proposed between the number of cycles and entropy throughout the process. Additionally, a hypothesis is posited suggesting that microplasticity emerges only once the crack surpasses a certain threshold, such as grain size. This research provides insights into material fracture mechanisms and their implications for product durability and safety. Such discernments into the product life cycle under analogous conditions hold promise for delineating operational limits.
Analysis of Sandwich Composite Subjected to Impact Loading for Enhanced Energy Absorption
Authors: Revanth Valluru , Kumar Namala Kiran , Rajeshwari Chintamaneni , Reddy Ch Naveen , Sai Hari SNS 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Composite materials are engineered to achieve the balance of properties for a wide spectrum of applications. In the current work, PU foam is used as a core, and Epoxy E-Glass (UD) is used as a face sheet. Impact of sandwich composite with single core and double core are considered. The effect of energy absorption, contact force, residual velocity, and deformation on impact velocity are discussed. The phenomenon of perforation, penetration and rebounding was observed in 150 m/s, 130 m/s and 100 m/s respectively. The FE tool ANSYS is used for analysis. It was found double core sandwich composite absorbs more energy and even stiffer than single core sandwich composite.
Effect of oxidation times on Gas sensitivity and characterization for (In2O3) thin films produced by thermal evaporated
Authors: Faisal Mohammed Husein , Salman Seham Hassan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
thin films were prepared by the thermal evaporated method of Indium metal on a glass substrate, then conventional oxides in the presence of O2 at 400° C. The indium thin films have a thickness of 400nm and different oxidation times (60, 90, and 120) min. The findings from X-ray diffraction (XRD) pertain to the polycrystalline phase. The films (In2O3) had a polycrystalline cubic structure The films have prominent peaks that match (112), (222), and (004) planes at 21.448°, 30.515, 35.38 in the order mentioned. Change with increasing oxidation time each of The amounts The text refers to the number of crystallites, the dimensions of the crystallites, the density of dislocations inside the crystallites, and the level of microstrain present in the crystallites.
The UV-vis spectra were used to investigate the optical characteristics such as(The transmittance and absorbance spectra, the absorption coefficient (α) and from there, the energy gap was computed. with different times are 3.1,3.3 and 3.05 eV, respectively. The film’s gas sensing performance approaches CO2 Gas measurements were made at many oxidation times. The performance of the gas detecting system was found to have significantly improved.
Estimation the Properties of Polymer Matrix Reinforced with Plants Extract Used for Medical Fluid Bags
Authors: Saadi Furqan M , Mohammed Alaa A , Salih Wafaa M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The utilize of polyvinyl chloride in the manufacturing of blood bags responsible for preserving blood. It attains an extensive range of performance and processing requirements such as flexibility, transparency, physical, antibacterial and non-hemolysis properties. So, in the present flax-seed gel was incorporated in PVC matrix at various concentration (1, 2 and 3) %. Then wheat extract was added to samples has better properties in two percentage (0.5 and 1) %. The obtained results show, a significant change in the properties of the composite produce, where the tensile strength increased with increasing concentration of extract from flax seed gel, but it decreased when wheat extract was added, and when both extracts were added, the inhibition zone increased against bacterial activity for two types of bacteria (S. aureus and C. albicans). Also, the ability to absorb water and wettability increased with increasing concentration of plant extracts. On the other hand, the transparency decreased with increasing concentration of flaxseed gel, but when wheat gel was added to it increase of transparency. All samples were non-hemolytic in hemolysis test.
Comprehensive Analysis of 100 MW Wind Farm Losses and Their Financial Impacts: A Study on Array Losses Across Multiple Turbines Using a RETScreen Expert Software
Authors: Abdulwahed Hassan S. , Mahmood Faleh H. , Resen Ali K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the influence of array losses on the financial sustainability and economic viability of wind farm projects with a capacity of 100 MW. The Al-Fajer site has been proposed for a feasibility study to assess the viability of building an onshore wind farm. The assessment of investment costs was conducted using the RETScreen program. The findings demonstrated that alterations in array losses impact the amount of energy exported to the grid, influencing changes in revenue, pre-tax internal rate of return (IRR), and net present value (NPV). When array losses in (case 1) decrease by 2%, that will positively impact financial feasibility factors. Therefore, it will lead to a gain in income for all turbines; the net present value (NPV) and pre-tax internal rate of return (IRR) values experienced an increase, indicating a positive impact on the project’s profitability. When array losses in (case 2) increase by 2%, it will lead to negative results on the wind farm and, thus, reduce the energy exported to the grid; wind turbine revenue will experience a decline. This increase substantially affects the NPV and IRR, leading to decreases. The capacity factor experienced a drop, resulting in significant changes to the project’s financial returns. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) has increased due to decreased production, leading to higher prices. The simple payback likewise experienced a boost beyond its usual norms.
Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination from Medical Wastes Ash of Baghdad Hospitals
Authors: kadhem Nabaa Qassim , Hussein Itab F. , Hussain Basim A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
One of the complex problems that many countries suffer from is how to deal with medical waste because of its harmful and devastating effects on humans and the environment. Hospitals around the world use and consume many different products. These products are composed of various materials, and many of them contain heavy metals in their production and manufacturing, which are ultimately emitted into the environment, posing a major danger and risk to human health. This work focused on assessing the contamination levels of medical waste ash after the incineration process. Ash samples were collected from major hospitals in the capital, Baghdad. The health risks resulting from heavy metal pollution were calculated. Medical waste ash was collected at different times from three major hospitals within the capital, Baghdad, and tested for contamination with heavy metals. To measure the bottom ash samples, X-ray spectroscopy (XRF) technology was used to determine heavy metal concentrations. The results showed the presence of more than twenty elements in the ash of medical waste, including the heavy metals found in Baghdad hospitals. Work was done on eight of these heavy metals due to their high concentrations. These selected elements are considered highly toxic and dangerous if exposed to them, including zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), and copper. (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg). To evaluate the health risks of this pollution. All of these elements are a major problem if exposed to them. The amount of contamination was calculated using the contamination factor (CF). The results showed that the percentage of As, Cd, Hg, Zn, Pb, and Cu was very high. Meanwhile, the concentrations of Co and Ni were moderate values in medical waste ash. Adult health risks were calculated using the non-cancer health risk ratio (HL). The calculated values show values higher than the safe level in Imam Ali Central Hospital, indicating a potential high health risk. Meanwhile, other hospitals (Sheikh Zayed and Dhari Al Fayyad) recorded risk values below the safe level, indicating no health risks. The health risk assessment indicated that there are three main routes of human exposure: “ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact.” The cancer risk index (Risk) was also calculated. The values obtained were within the acceptable range. An analysis of the metal pollution index was also conducted, and it was found that heavy metals pose a non-cancerous risk. But the harmful effects of pollution from ash disposal have been particularly serious because they may contain high concentrations of heavy metals.
Characterization of Ni-Cu multilayers deposition on low carbon steel substrate using electroplating technique
Authors: Nsaif Mina S. , Annon Iman Adnan , Abbas Ahmed. S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Low carbon steel is widely used in oil and gas applications. In this research, multilayers of Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu) were deposited on a low carbon steel substrate using the electroplating process (ELP). Initially, a layer of Ni was coated, followed by a layer of Cu. ELP was implemented using water bath containing (300 g/l) of NiSO4.6H2O, (30 g/l) of (NiCl2.6H2O), (40 g/l) of H3BO3 and (30 g/l) of (NaCN), (30 g/l) of (CuCN), (10 g/l) of (NaOH.6H2O). First bath parameters were temperature is (59 - 60 °C), current density in the range of (3-5 A/dcm2), voltage was holed at (8 V) for Ni, and temperature was between (50-51 °C), current density in the range of (1-2 A/dcm2), voltage was holed at (4 V), while the plating time (10 minutes) for both Ni and Cu. The results refer to Ni, Cu, and Ni & Cu ELP thicknesses 3, 4.77 and 6.75 μm respectively. Metallurgical tests were achieve including the micro hardness of ELP, Vickers micro hardness results showed improvement in hardness values compared, with steel substrate, and in the presence of Ni, Cu, Ni+Cu layers, 322, 581, 479, and 562 Hv respectively. The roughness was measured using surface roughness measurement device. The average surface roughness (Ra) depicted satisfying values as a result of Ni layer coating, which gave uniform surface distribution with Ra 0.363 μm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) test examinations serve as strong evidence for the presence of Ni and Cu in the internal and external finish layers, respectively. Corrosion examinations were carried out in seawater solution (3.5 g NaCl) the corrosion behavior tends to be more resistance, with layers of Ni, and Cu in sea water environment, which is considered an important criterion to increase the part life.
Investigation of Aerodynamic Performance of Multi-element Airfoil in Free Surface Effect
Authors: Guo Lei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study examines the aerodynamic performance of the 30P30N multi-element airfoil flying on a free surface, a numerical computational model is established, the governing equations are addressed through the application of the finite volume method, while the volume of fluid method is utilized for the simulation of two-phase flow. Different mesh strategies and turbulence models are compared, with the numerical methods validated against experimental data. The aerodynamic properties of the 30P30N multi-element airfoil on the free surface at different wavelengths and wave heights are given by numerical computations, which show that the ground effect of the 30P30N multi-element airfoil differ from those on a clean airfoil, the aerodynamic coefficients of the 30P30N multi-element airfoil decrease as flight altitude lowers, with the pitching and drag moment of the slat is opposite to that of the main airfoil and the flap. Additionally, when the 30P30N multi-element airfoil flies over a regular wave surface, the aerodynamic coefficients of each component exhibit periodic behavior.