bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employees’ Perceptions of Social Norms as a Result of Implementing the Participatory Approach at Supervisor Level: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ketelaar S. M. , Schaafsma F. G. , Geldof M. F. , Boot C. R. L. , Kraaijeveld R. A. , Shaw W. S. , Bültmann U. , Twisk J. , Anema J. R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurpose A multifaceted implementation strategy was targeted at supervisors to encourage them to apply a participatory approach (PA) in dealing with employees’ work functioning problems due to health concerns. This paper assesses the effect on employees’ perceived social norms regarding the use of the PA to deal with work functioning problems. Methods Three organizations participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial, with randomization at the department level. Supervisors in the PA intervention departments received the implementation strategy consisting of a working group meeting, supervisor training, and optional coaching. Supervisors in the control departments received written information about the PA only. In two of the organizations, employees were invited to complete surveys at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome was perceived social norms regarding the use of the PA to deal with work functioning problems. Secondary measures included attitudes and self-efficacy, and intention regarding joint problem solving, and sick leave data. Effects were analyzed using multilevel analyses to account for nesting of cases. Results At baseline, 273 employees participated in the survey, with follow-up analyses of 174 employees. There were no statistically significant group effects on employee outcome measures. The intervention group showed a larger reduction in mean sick days (from 4.6 to 2.4 days) versus the control group (from 3.8 to 3.6 days), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p > .05). Conclusion The multifaceted strategy to implement the participatory approach for supervisors did not show effects on outcomes at the employee level. To gain significant effects at the employee level, may require that an implementation strategy not only targets management and supervisors, but also employees themselves.Trial registration: NTR3733.
Associations between serum placental leucine aminopeptidase and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Tian Chunfang , Huang Zhihang , Wen Zhanchong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between serum concentrations of placental leucine aminopeptidase (P‐LAP) and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and perinatal mortality.MethodsIn a prospective study, women with singleton pregnancies and affected by HDP, GDM, or fetal death, and those who were healthy, were enrolled at Shenzhen Seventh People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China, between January 2014 and July 2015. Serum P‐LAP concentrations at delivery/fetal death were compared among the groups. The predictive value of serum P‐LAP levels in fetal death was evaluated.ResultsSerum P‐LAP concentrations were (mean ± SEM) 74.02 ± 8.45 U/L in the HDP group (n = 38), 72.57 ± 12.03 U/L in the GDM group (n = 35), and 3.76 ± 3.02 U/L in the fetal death group (n = 14), all of which were significantly lower than the mean concentration of 107.11 ± 30.68 U/L in the control group (n = 30; P = 0.031, P = 0.042, and P < 0.001, respectively). On the basis of the receiver operating characteristic curve, low serum P‐LAP levels had high sensitivity and specificity for predicting fetal death (100% and 78.9%, respectively, for a serum P‐LAP cutoff of 47.07 U/L).ConclusionSerum P‐LAP levels were reduced among patients with HDP and GDM, and extremely low among patients affected by fetal death. Serum P‐LAP is potentially a viable predictor of fetal death.
Direct puncture embolization of the internal iliac artery during cesarean delivery for pernicious placenta previa coexisting with placenta accreta
Authors: Chen Zhenyu , Li Ju , Shen Jian , Jin Jiaxi , Zhang Wei , Zhong Wan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate direct puncture embolization of the internal iliac artery with hemostatic gelatin sponge particles to treat pernicious placenta previa coexisting with placenta accreta during cesarean delivery.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of data from women with pernicious placenta previa and placenta accreta who underwent direct puncture embolization of the internal iliac artery during cesarean delivery at a center in China between September 1, 2013, and February 28, 2015. Information regarding surgical procedures, operative data, and outcomes during hospitalization were obtained from medical records.ResultsThe procedure was successful in all 16 cases included. Mean operative time was 78 minutes (range 65–90) and mean estimated blood loss was 1550 mL (range 1000–2500). Complications such as fever, buttock pain, or acute limb ischemia were not observed. The procedure was performed after partial cystectomy for two patients with bladder invasion. Postoperative Doppler imaging indicated uterine recovery and normalized uterine blood flow in all patients.ConclusionDirect puncture embolization of the internal iliac artery during cesarean delivery was a safe, effective, simple, and rapid method to control hemorrhage among women with pernicious placenta previa and placenta accreta.
Improving the use of biological data in Antarctic management
Authors: Lynch Maureen A. , Foley Catherine M. , Thorne Lesley H. , Lynch Heather J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Antarctic Treaty System requires that the effects of potential human disturbance be evaluated, such as through the development and evaluation of Initial and Comprehensive Environmental Evaluations (IEEs and CEEs), and through the implementation of Management Plans for Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) and Antarctic Specially Managed Areas (ASMAs). The effectiveness of these management processes hinges on the quality and transparency of the data presented, particularly because independent validation is often difficult or impossible due to the financial and logistical challenges of working in the Antarctic. In a review of these documents and their treatment of wildlife survey data, we find that the basic elements of best data practices are often not followed; biological data are often uncited or out-of-date and rarely include estimates of uncertainty that would allow any subsequent changes in the distribution or abundance of wildlife to be rigorously assessed. We propose a set of data management and use standards for Antarctic biological data to improve the transparency and quality of these evaluations and to facilitate improved assessment of both immediate and long-term impacts of human activities in the Antarctic.
Preventing Post-injury Hypothermia During Prolonged Prehospital Evacuation
Authors: Husum Hans , Olsen Tone , Murad Mudhafar , Heng Yang Van , Wisborg Torben , Gilbert Mads 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Post-injury hypothermia is a risk predictor in trauma patients whose physiology is deranged. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of simple, in-field, hypothermia prevention to victims of penetrating trauma during long prehospital evacuations.Methods:A total of 170 consecutively injured landmine victims were included in a prospective, clinical study in Northern Iraq and Cambodia. Thirty patients were provided with systematic prehospital hypothermia prevention, and for 140 patients, no preventive measures were provided.Results:The mean value for the time from injury to hospital admission was 6.6 hours (range: 0.2–72). The incidence of hypothermia (oral temperature <36°C) before prevention/rewarming was 21% (95% confidence interval: 15% to 28%). The Prevention Group had a statistically significant lower rate of hypothermia on hospital admission compared to the control group (95% confidence interval for difference: 6% to 24%).Conclusion:Simple, preventive, in-field measures help to prevent hypothermia during protracted evacuation, and should be part of the trauma care protocol in rural rescue systems.
Injury Severity Score versus New Injury Severity Score for Penetrating Injuries
Authors: Husum Hans , Strada Gino 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:The New Injury Severity Score (NISS) was introduced in 1997 to improve outcome prediction based on anatomical severity scoring in trauma victims. Studies on populations of blunt trauma victims indicate that the NISS, predicts better than the Injury Severity Score (ISS) mortality post-injury, which is why the NISS has been recommended as the new “gold standard” for severity scoring. However, so far the accuracy of the NISS for penetrating injuries has not been validated against the ISS.Methods:ISS and NISS scores were collected retrospectively for 1,787 war-and landmine victims in North Iraq. All victims only had penetrating injuries. The two tests were compared for prediction of short-term mortality and post-operative complications using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis.Results:Both the ISS and the NISS predicted mortality with high accuracy (ROC area under curve 0.9). There were no significant differences between the two tests. The predictive accuracy for post-operative complications was moderate for both tests (ROC-AUC <0.8), with the NISS performing significantly better than the ISS.Conclusion:The NISS does not perform better than the ISS in penetrating injuries. However, this study was done on a low-risk trauma population, thus the results should not be extrapolated to high severity trauma. Due to statistical shortcomings in studies previously published, studies on far larger cohorts are necessary before the NISS should be adopted as the new “gold standard” for severity scoring.
Physician Attitudes About Prehospital 12-Lead ECGs in Chest Pain Patients
Authors: Brainard Andrew H. , Froman Philip , Alarcon Maria E. , Raynovich Bill , Tandberg Dan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:The prehospital 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) has become a standard of care. For the prehospital 12-lead ECG to be useful clinically, however, cardiologists and emergency physicians (EP) must view the test as useful. This study measured physician attitudes about the prehospital 12-lead ECG.Hypothesis:This study tested the hypothesis that physicians had “no opinion” regarding the prehospital 12-lead ECG.Methods:An anonymous survey was conducted to measure EP and cardiologist attitudes toward prehospital 12-lead ECGs. Hypothesis tests against “no opinion” (VAS = 50 mm) were made with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and intergroup comparisons were made with the Student-t-test.Results:Seventy-one of 87 (81.6%) surveys were returned. Twenty-five (67.6%) cardiologists responded and 45 (90%) EPs responded. Both groups of physicians viewed prehospital 12-lead ECGs as beneficial (mean = 69 mm; 95% CI = 65–74mm). All physicians perceived that ECGs positively influence preparation of staff (mean = 63 mm; 95% CI = 60–72mm) and that ECGs transmitted to hospitals would be beneficial (mean = 66 mm; 95% CI = 60–72mm). Cardiologists had more favorable opinions than did EPs. The ability of paramedics to interpret ECGs was not seen as important (mean = 50 mm; 95% CI = 43–56mm). The justifiable increase in field time was perceived to be 3.2 minutes (95% CI = 2.7–3.8 minutes), with 23 (32.8%) preferring that it be done on scene, 46 (65.7%) during transport, and one (1.4%) not at all.Conclusions:Prehospital 12-lead ECGs generally are perceived as worthwhile by cardiologists and EPs. Cardiologists have a higher opinion of the value and utility of field ECGs. Since the reduction in mortality from the 12-lead ECG is small, it is likely that positive physician attitudes are attributable to other factors.
Mortality in Land-Mine Accidents in Iran
Authors: Jahunlu Hameed Reza , Husum Hans , Wisborg Torben 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjective:To study the rate of prehospital mortality before establishment of a rescue system for victims of land-mines in Iran.Method:Survey at rural clinics in mine-affected areas, and retrospective review of public patient records.Results:A total of 36.4% of casualties from land-mines in the study area died during the period of 1989–1999. The mortality seems highest in those victims who were torso injured.Conclusion:The mortality rate from accidents involving land-mines in the study area was high. Most fatalities seemingly occurred in the prehospital setting.
Ukranian's Disaster Medicine Team Mission to India following the Earthquake of 2001
Authors: Roshchin George G. , Mazurenko Oleg V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article describes the basic principles around establishing a Disaster Medicine Camp and the organization of the Ukrainian Disaster Medicine Mobile Hospital, which provided medical aid to victims of the 2001 earthquake in India. All of the information was obtained through direct observation and estimates based on empirical data gathered in the field.
Prehospital Interventions: On-scene-Time and Ambulance-Technicians' Experience
Authors: Birk Hans O. , Henriksen Lars O. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Very little evidence is available on the experience of ambulance-personnels or on the impact of prehospital interventions on total prehospital time.Hypothesis:On-scene-time increases with the number of prehospital techniques used, and ambulance-technicians achieve only limited clinical experience in prehospital techniques.Methods:Prospective, observational registry study including 56 ambulance technicians from two ambulance stations in the mixed urban/rural county and 5,557 patients who were brought to a hospital in 1998. The number of cases in which each ambulance-technician performed various kinds of prehospital techniques, and the average on-scene time for each prehospital technique and several combinations of prehospital techniques were calculated.Results:There were large differences between the number of times each technique was used. On-scene time was smallest when no techniques were used and tended to increase with the number of interventions used. On-scene-time was relatively low for patients with cardiac arrest.Conclusion:The Danish ambulance-technicians' curriculum includes interventions for which the technicians only achieve limited practical experience. Prehospital interventions are associated with an increase of on-scene time.
Disasters and Development: Part 2: Understanding and Exploiting Disaster-Development Linkages
Authors: Stephenson Rob S. , DuFrane Charles 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDisasters can impede the effectiveness of development resource allocation. The damage sustained from an event can be classified into four categories: (1) Loss of resources; (2) Interruption of programs and switching of crucial resources to other, shorter-term needs; (3) Negative impacts upon investment climates; and/or (4) Disruption of the non-formal sector (local businesses). Disasters have a particularly destructive economic impact in areas in which there are few alternatives for assets that are destroyed or in areas in which the resources already are at critical levels. Development processes can both increase and/or decrease the vulnerability of a society to hazards. There are clearly established linkages between poverty, marginalization, over-population, and vulnerability. To a large extent, vulnerability derives from poverty. The poor are more likely to live in vulnerable areas (slopes prone to landslides, flood plains, marginal agricultural land), have difficulty accessing education and information, have fewer assets to invest in resources to reduce vulnerability, and are more prone to become malnourished and have chronic illnesses that predispose them to injury and death. Development may be associated with the production of new hazards accepted by a society because the perceived benefits of the development project far exceed the relative risk associated with the project. Therefore, risk assessments must be part of any program planning and evaluation. Training and education are of critical importance in preventing increased vulnerability as a result of development strategies.Development also can progress in a manner that will result in mitigation of the impacts of an event on a given society (increase absorbing capacity and/or buffering capacity, elimination of hazards or the risk of them producing a disaster). Such mitigation measures can be either structural or non-structural. There exists a wide range of options for incorporating mitigation measures in development projects.Two case studies provide exercises that incorporate the concepts provided in this discussion: (1) The 1985 earthquake in Mexico City; and (2) Agricultural development in northern Sudan.
Doctor-based Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Course: An Alternative
to the Conventional Approach
Authors: Kin-kwan Lam , Fei-lung Lau , Wai-kwong Chan , Kai-Shing Leung , Tsan-fai Chan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
United Christian Hospital initiated a doctor-based cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) Program. It is a two-hour, focused, adult CPR course,
suitable for adults of different age groups and of different educational
levels. The course was rated highly by the participants. Most trainees
acquired CPR knowledge and skills, and had confidence to perform CPR. This
type of training could improve the rate of bystander CPR for out-of-hospital
cardiac arrest patients in this region. Avoiding the complexity and
pass-fail psychology that is used in the traditional CPR training
curriculum, it can be an alternative to the traditional four-hour
instructor-based Basic Life Support (BLS) course.
Medical Support for Children's Mass Gatherings
Authors: Thierbach Andreas R. , Wolcke Benno B. , Piepho Tim , Maybauer Marc , Huth Rainer 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Medical care must be well-planned for mass gatherings. Events such as fairs, concerts, parades, and rallies cause many people to gather in one place, increasing the chance of injuries and for the development of a disaster. In this study, the level and quality of medical care were evaluated at a mass gathering of approximately 100,000 children. The event was a television-sponsored fun fair.Methods:Every patient contact was documented on printed forms, including data such as the number of patients treated, gender of the patients, presence or absence of a parental escort, time distribution of patient contacts, the diagnoses for the patient contacts, specific therapies applied, duration of the treatment, and patient discharge information. All data were coded after the event and transferred into a computer database. These data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:Of the 100,000 spectators, 192 patients (81 male [42.2%] and 111 female [57.8%]) were treated during the nine-hour period, from 09:00 hours (h) until 18:00 h. Twenty percent of all the children up to the age of 10 years needing medical assistance were not accompanied by an adult. Seventy-five percent of all patient contacts were made during the afternoon. Of those treated, 164 patients (85.4%) suffered only minor injuries and were seen for <10 minutes. The most common type of complaint was minor trauma (103 patients, 53.6%); followed by minor medical problems such as headaches or light allergic reactions (21 patients, 10.9%); insect bites (20 patients, 10.4%); and serious medical problems or trauma such as severe arterial hypertension or long bone fractures (19 patients, 9.9%). Treatment included, but was not limited to, dressings (100 patients; 52.1%), local therapy (68 patient, 35.4%), and analgesic therapy (10 patients, 5.2%). Four patients (2%) were transferred to local hospitals.Conclusion:Most of the medical needs in the patients attending the children's fun fair were minor. Nevertheless, for similar events in the future, the medical team should be qualified for all serious medical emergencies, as well as major trauma; and should be prepared to meet the requirements of the specific group of spectators.The overall usage rate in the children's fun fair described was 19.2 patient encounters per 10,000 spectators. Half of all of the patients were children below the age of 14 years. Medical services should consider that this study shows that up to 33% of children seeking medical assistance may not be accompanied by adults.
Medical Preparation for Terrorism in Australia. Is Luck Running Out for
“The Lucky Country?”
Authors: Caldicott David G.E. , Edwards Nicholas A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Recent world events have forced Australia to re-examine its role on the
world stage and its susceptibility to terrorist attacks. The authors examine
the brief historical exposure of Australia to the phenomenon of terrorism,
and review the geopolitical climate and features that may render it more
susceptible to attack in the future. Australia's emergency management
structure is outlined, and its current state of medical preparedness for a
terrorist incident is critically reviewed.
The Burden of Terrorism in Malaysia
Authors: Aziz Azhar Abdul 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In the peace-loving, moderate and progressive country of
Muslim-dominated Malaysia, violence generally is alien to the culture.
Terrorism initially took shape during the post-independence, communist era
by jungle recalcitrant actions. In recent years, this has been superceded by
a more internationally related trend of violence. Only very few incidents
were based locally, while the majority were linked to international groups
or organizations abroad, including the Kumpulan Mujahidin Malaysia (KMM),
Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), and the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG).
Kidnapping with ransom seemed to have been the most commone
modus operandi, while killing and robbery
accounted for very few of these incidents. The number of victims in each
event so far has been small, and smaller for those physically harmed or
killed. This pattern of terrorist attacks suggests that the current level of
provision of emergency medical services is sufficient to handle such
incidents. Recent advances in local emergency medicine also have witnessed
the establishment of various teaching and training modules, a pivotal role
played by university hospitals and supported by the Ministry of
Health.
However, the spate of ongoing events of mass destruction such as the
conflict in Israel/Palestine, wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the World Trade
Center and Pentagon tragedies of 11 September 2001, and the Bali bombing in
Indonesia, remain as great concerns to Malaysians. Both the government and
the people of Malaysia abhor such unjustified uses of terror, and take every
measure to curtail them. The National Security Council policies of Arahan
No. 18 and Arahan No. 20 detail specific roles and responsibilities of
various agencies in managing terrorism and disasters respectively, while the
use of the stern Internal Security Act that allows indefinite detention
without trial, evidently has been an efficient intelligence and security
apparatus.
With more recent developments of terrorist events regionally and
globally, Malaysia continues to face an ongoing threat from such activities.
Various measures have been and will be actively undertaken both by
government and non-governmental agencies in facing these
challenges.