bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of recurrence after a single manic or mixed episode – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kessing Lars Vedel , Andersen Per Kragh , Vinberg Maj 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesFor the first time to estimate the risk of recurrence among patients with a single manic/mixed episode by systematically reviewing prior studies on cohorts of adults, and cohorts of children and adolescents, respectively.MethodsA systematic literature search up to August 2017 was carried out including studies in which < 25% of the participants were estimated to have had a mood episode that required pharmacological treatment prior to the index manic or mixed episode at inclusion.ResultsThree studies including a total of 293 adult patients with a single manic or mixed episode and three studies of children and adolescents including 126 patients were identified. In the adult studies, 31%, 40% and 42% experienced recurrence after recovery within 1 year, 59% after 2 years, and 58% after 4 years, respectively. In the studies on children and adolescents, 40% and 52% experienced recurrence after recovery within 1 year, 30% and 60% after 2 years and 64% and 67% after 4 to 5 years, respectively. Results from meta‐analyses showed a 1‐year rate of recurrence of 35% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30‐41%) in adults, and in adolescents/children, a 1‐year rate of recurrence of 48% (95% CI: 38‐58%), a 2‐year rate of 46% (95% CI: 33‐60%) and a 4‐5‐year rate of recurrence of 65% (95% CI: 52‐77%; as data from different studies were included at 1, 2 and 5 years, rates of recurrence did not increase steadily with time).ConclusionsThe rate of recurrence is high among adults as well as children and adolescents. It is important that clinicians and patients as well as relatives are well informed about these high risks when deciding to start maintenance treatment or not following onset of a single manic or mixed episode.
Long‐term evaluation of quality of life and satisfaction between implant bar overdentures and conventional complete dentures: A 23 years retrospective study
Authors: Sánchez‐Siles Mariano , Ballester‐Ferrandis Jose Francisco , Salazar‐Sánchez Noemí , Gómez‐García Francisco José , Moraleja‐Ruiz Román , Camacho‐Alonso Fabio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundDental implants have been used in edentulous jaws to improve the retention and stability of complete dentures. Attachment to the implants improves stability and function of the prostheses and increases patient satisfaction.PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate quality of life and satisfaction between patients with implant overdentures and complete dentures for more than 20 years.MethodsForty patients with overdentures and 40 patients with conventional complete dentures were included in this study. Both groups are carriers of their prosthesis more than 20 years. All patients completed an OHIP‐14 and perception and satisfaction questionnaire related their implant prothesis.ResultsFollow‐up mean in patients with overdentures were 23.27 ± 1.87 years and 23.20 ± 3.91 years for conventional prosthesis group. A worse quality of life was shown in the group of patients with conventional dentures in the 7 dimensions and in the total value, with statistically significant differences in 6 dimensions and in the total value (P ≤ .05). Patients with implants overdenture were more satisfied than patients with conventional dentures, with statistically significant differences (P < .001).ConclusionsImplant overdentures on cobalt chrome and gold bars offer an excellent long‐term solution for edentulism compared with conventional denture.
Surgical anatomy of the round window—Implications for cochlear implantation
Authors: Luers J.C. , Hüttenbrink K.B. , Beutner D. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe round window is an important portal for the application of active hearing aids and cochlear implants. The anatomical and topographical knowledge about the round window region is a prerequisite for successful insertion for a cochlear implant electrode.Objective of reviewTo sum up current knowledge about the round window anatomy and to give advice to the cochlear implant surgeon for optimal placement of an electrode.Type of reviewSystematic Medline search.Search strategySearch term “round window[Title]” with no date restriction. Only publications in the English Language were included. All abstracts were screened for relevance, that is a focus on surgical anatomy of the round window. The search results were supplemented with hand searching of selected reviews and reference lists from included studies.Evaluation methodSubjective assessment.ResultsThere is substantial variability in size and shape of the round window. The round window is regarded as the most reliable surgical landmark to safely locate the scala tympani. Factors affecting the optimal trajectory line for atraumatic electrode insertion are anatomy of the round window, the anatomy of the intracochlear hook region and the variable orientation and size of the cochlea's basal turn.ConclusionsThe very close relation to the sensitive inner ear structures necessitates a thorough anatomic knowledge and careful insertion technique, especially when implanting patients with residual hearing. In order to avoid electrode migration between the scalae and to achieve protect the modiolus and the basilar membrane, it is recommended to aim for an electrode insertion vector from postero‐superior to antero‐inferior.
Association of prenatal exposure to gestational diabetes with offspring body composition and regional body fat distribution
Authors: Kearney M. , Perron J. , Marc I. , Weisnagel S. J. , Tchernof A. , Robitaille J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe aim of this cohort study was to compare body composition and regional body fat distribution between children exposed (GDM+) or unexposed (GDM−) in utero to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to investigate the association with the glycaemic and the insulin profile. Data from 56 GDM+ and 30 GDM− were analysed. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured. Total and regional body composition was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Insulin, glucose and HbA1c were obtained from a fasting plasma sample, and the HOMA‐IR index was calculated. anova was performed to compare adiposity measures between GDM+ and GDM−. Associations between the glycaemic and insulin profile and adiposity measures were studied using partial Pearson correlations. Mean age was 6.6 ± 2.3 years. Waist circumference, fat mass percentage, android fat mass, android fat mass percentage and android‐to‐gynoid fat mass ratio were higher among GDM+, and lean mass percentage was lower (P < 0.05). Among GDM+ children, body mass index (BMI) z score, waist circumference, fat mass percentage, android fat mass percentage and android‐to‐gynoid fat mass ratio were all positively correlated with HbA1C (r = 0.32–0.43, P < 0.05). Prenatal exposure to GDM is associated with increased total and abdominal adiposity. This increased adiposity observed among GDM+ children is associated with an altered glycaemic profile. This study is registered in the Clinical Trials.gov registry (NCT01340924).
Executive functions in children with developmental coordination disorder: a 2‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Bernardi Marialivia , Leonard Hayley C , Hill Elisabeth L , Botting Nicola , Henry Lucy A 
Published: December 2017

AimExecutive function impairments have been identified in children with poor motor skills, with and without a diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder (DCD). However, most studies are cross‐sectional. This study investigates the development of executive function in children with poor motor skills over 2 years.MethodChildren aged 7 to 11 years (n=51) were assessed twice, 2 years apart, on verbal and nonverbal measures of executive functions: executive‐loaded working memory (ELWM); fluency; response inhibition; planning; and cognitive flexibility. Typically developing children (n=17) were compared with those with a clinical diagnosis of DCD (n=17) and those with identified motor difficulties (n=17) but no formal diagnosis of DCD.ResultsDevelopmental gains in executive function were similar between groups, although a gap between children with poor motor skills and typically developing children on nonverbal executive functions persisted. Specifically, children with DCD performed significantly more poorly than typically developing children on all nonverbal executive function tasks and verbal fluency tasks at both time points; and children with motor difficulties but no diagnosis of DCD showed persistent executive function problems in nonverbal tasks of ELWM and fluency.InterpretationChildren with DCD and motor difficulties demonstrated executive function difficulties over 2 years, which may affect activities of daily living and academic achievement, in addition to their motor deficit.What this paper adds

Executive function difficulties in children with poor motor skills persist throughout middle childhood.

Children with motor difficulties, without a developmental coordination disorder (DCD) diagnosis, demonstrate less pervasive executive function difficulties than those with DCD.

Executive function problems in the groups with motor difficulties and DCD affect mostly nonverbal domains.

All groups showed similar developmental gains in executive function.
Recovery of myocardial mechanics in Kawasaki disease demonstrated by speckle tracking and tissue Doppler methods
Authors: Azak Emine , Cetin Ibrahim Ilker , Gursu Hazım A. , Kibar Ayse Esin , Surucu Murat , Orgun Ali , Pamuk Utku 
Published: December 2017

AimTo investigate myocardial deformation and function during treatment for Kawasaki disease (KD) in children.MethodsWe performed speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in 15 children with KD and 15 healthy children during treatment for KD. STE was performed for longitudinal and circumferential strain (S) and strain rate (SR) at the left ventricle (LV) and for longitudinal S and SR at the right ventricle (RV). TDI was performed at the base of interventricular septum (IVS), LV, and RV.ResultsAmong TDI parameters, Em and ejection time (ET) at IVS, ET at LV and ET at RV obtained obtained before treatment were significantly lower in patients with KD compared to controls. After treatment, in spite of improvements, ET at IVS and ET at RV remained significantly lower in patients with KD compared to controls. Left ventricular global longitudinal and circumferential S and SR values obtained before treatment were significantly lower in patients with KD compared to controls. Left ventricular S and SR values were found to be increased after treatment. However, left ventricular global circumferential S value remained significantly lower in patients with KD compared to controls. There were no significant differences in right ventricular global longitudinal S and SR values between patients and controls before treatment.ConclusionDuring acute phase, patients with KD have reduced global left ventricular S and SR which may be more sensitive indicators of myocardial inflammation. This study showed gradual improvements in left ventricular myocardial function during treatment for KD.
A call for prevention and early intervention in obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Brakoulias Vlasios , Perkes Iain E. , Tsalamanios Emmanouil 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundEvidence suggests that many people with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) have subclinical symptoms years before the development of their disorder and that early treatment may reduce its severity.AimTo explore prevention and early intervention strategies for OCD.MethodsA narrative literature review was conducted.ResultsThe literature in relation to the prevention of OCD is sparse. Genetic and environmental factors appear to be relevant to the aetiology of OCD, for example, the observation that hoarding symptoms and contamination/cleaning symptoms are more likely to also be present in first‐degree relatives. Psychoeducation and the reduction of family accommodation, that is the act of parents, siblings or partners accommodating to the high‐risk individual’s requests to comply with their compulsions, are promising areas for prevention and early intervention in high‐risk groups. Tertiary prevention has also been limited by an inadequate number of trained clinicians to deliver evidence‐based treatments.ConclusionsMuch more research is needed in relation to the prevention of OCD. There is limited scope for primary prevention with respect to biological aetiological factors, but there is potential for strategies addressing environmental factors (eg, family factors). The effectiveness of psychoeducation for parents with OCD as a primary prevention strategy for OCD in their children requires scientific evaluation. Improving access to effective treatments for OCD would also improve tertiary prevention.
Intestinal and hepatic contributions to the pharmacokinetic interaction between gamithromycin and rifampicin after single‐dose and multiple‐dose administration in healthy foals
Authors: Berlin S. , Wallstabe S. , Scheuch E. , Oswald S. , Hasan M. , Wegner D. , Grube M. , Venner M. , Ullrich A. , Siegmund W. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundStandard treatment of foals with severe abscessing lung infection caused byRhodococcus equiusing rifampicin and a macrolide antibiotic can be compromised by extensive inhibition and/or induction of drug metabolising enzymes (e.g. CYP3A4) and transport proteins (e.g. P‐glycoprotein), as has been shown for rifampicin and clarithromycin. The combination of rifampicin with the new, poorly metabolised gamithromycin, a long‐acting analogue of azithromycin and tulathromycin with lower pharmacokinetic interaction potential, might be a suitable alternative.ObjectivesTo evaluate the pharmacokinetic interactions and pulmonary distribution of rifampicin and gamithromycin in healthy foals, and to investigate the cellular uptake of gamithromycin in vitro.Study designControlled, four‐period, consecutive, single‐dose and multiple‐dose study.MethodsPharmacokinetics and lung distribution of rifampicin (10 mg/kg) and gamithromycin (6 mg/kg) were measured in nine healthy foals using LC‐MS/MS. Enzyme induction was confirmed using the 4β‐OH‐cholesterol/cholesterol ratio. Affinity of gamithromycin to drug transport proteins was evaluated in vitro using equine hepatocytes and MDCKII‐cells stably transfected with human OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and OATP2B1.ResultsRifampicin significantly (P<0.05) increased the plasma exposure of gamithromycin (16.2 ± 4.77 vs. 8.57 ± 3.10 μg × h/mL) by decreasing the total body clearance. Otherwise, gamithromycin significantly lowered plasma exposure of single‐ and multiple‐dose rifampicin (83.8 ± 35.3 and 112 ± 43.1 vs. 164 ± 96.7 μg × h/mL) without a change in metabolic ratio and half‐life. Gamithromycin was identified as an inhibitor of human OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and OATP2B1 and as a substrate of OATP2B1. In addition, it was extracted by equine hepatocytes via a mechanism which could be inhibited by rifampicin.Main limitationsInfluence of gamithromycin on pulmonary distribution of rifampicin was not evaluated.ConclusionThe plasma exposure of gamithromycin is significantly increased by co‐administration of rifampicin which is most likely caused by inhibition of hepatic elimination.
Couple Relationship Standards and Migration: Comparing Hong Kong Chinese with Australian Chinese
Authors: Halford W. Kim , Leung Patrick , Hung‐Cheung Chan , Chau‐Wan Lau , Hiew Danika , van de Vijver Fons J. R. 
Published: December 2017

Rates of international migration are increasing, which raises the question of how migration might influence couple relationship standards and impact on the standards of migrants forming intercultural relationships. We compared relationship standards in n = 286 Chinese living in Hong Kong, China, with standards in n = 401 Chinese migrants to a Western country (Australia) by administering the Chinese‐Western Intercultural Couple Standards Scale (CWICSS). We also compared these two groups to n = 312 Westerners living in Australia. We first tested the structural invariance of the CWICSS across the three samples with a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. There was marginal but acceptable fit of a model of two positively correlated latent factors: Couple Bond (with four indicators, such as demonstration of love and caring) and Family Responsibility (also with four indicators, such as extended family relations and preserving face). Within the limitations of the study, results suggest migration is associated predominantly with differences in women's, but not men's, relationship standards. Migrant Chinese women show alignment of Couple Bond standards with Western standards, and divergence of Family Responsibility standards from Western standards. Discussion focused on how migration and intercultural relationship experiences might differentially influence various domains of relationship standards, gender differences in migration effects on standards, and the implications for working with culturally diverse couples.
Prevalence of fluoroquinolone‐resistant rectal flora in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate needle biopsy: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Chung Ho Seok , Hwang Eu Chang , Yu Ho Song , Jung Seung Il , Lee Sun Ju , Lim Dong Hoon , Cho Won Jin , Choe Hyun Sop , Lee Seung‐Ju , Park Sung Woon 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of fluoroquinolone‐resistant rectal flora in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate needle biopsy and to identify the high‐risk groups.MethodsFrom January 2015 to March 2016, rectal swabs of 557 men who underwent transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate needle biopsy were obtained from five institutions. Clinical variables, including demographics, rectal swab culture results and infectious complications, were evaluated. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to identify the risk factors for fluoroquinolone resistance of rectal flora and infectious complications.ResultsThe incidence of fluoroquinolone‐resistant and extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase production was 48.1 and 11.8%, respectively. The most common fluoroquinolone‐resistant bacteria was Escherichia coli (81% of total fluoroquinolone‐resistant bacteria, 39% of total rectal flora), and 16 (2.9%) patients had infectious complications. Univariable and multivariable analysis of clinical parameters affecting fluoroquinolone resistance showed no factor associated with fluoroquinolone resistance of rectal flora. The clinical parameter related to infectious complications after prostate biopsy was a history of operation within 6 months (relative risk 6.60; 95% confidence interval 1.99–21.8, P = 0.002).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a risk‐based approach by history taking cannot predict antibiotic resistance of rectal flora, and physicians should consider targeted antibiotic prophylaxis or extended antibiotic prophylaxis for Korean patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate biopsy because of high antibiotic resistance of rectal flora.
Should I stay or should I go now? Exploring Polish women's returns “home”
Authors: Duda‐Mikulin Eva A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAt a time when there are more people on the move than ever before, it is pivotal to explore people's motivations and experiences of return migration. Whilst motivations for migration are comparatively well explored, return migrants' experiences are less well‐known and migrants' gender is rarely considered. This article addresses these gaps. It is based on qualitative research and in‐depth interviews with 32 Polish women: 16 migrants and 16 return migrants. Considered through the lens of agency and structure, this research uncovers how fluid the process of migration has become; migration motivations and patterns are blurred and interlinked with one another while classic migration theories seem outdated. The study uses an “intersection of motivations” to show how inseparable migration‐related motivations have become. This article contributes to the growing literature on East–West return migration and highlights women as migrants and the gendered nature of their mobility.
Quality of Life of Afghan Immigrants in Tehran city
Authors: Mansourian Hossein , Rajaei Seyed Abbas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBy 2015, there were more than two million Afghan immigrants, both legal and illegal, living in Iran. Although, over the recent years, there has been a growing interest among social scientists, policymakers and national and international institutes in investigation of the quality of life (QoL) of immigrants, research on the QoL of Afghan immigrants in Iran is still in its infancy. The present article aims to study the QoL of Afghan immigrants in Iran and identify its influential dimensions and factors. This study relies on a perception survey of 347 Afghan households in Tehran city. Based on the 5‐point Likert Scale, the mean of overall life satisfaction of the Afghan immigrants was found as 3.22, which shows satisfactory QoL of Afghan immigrants in Iran. The highest level of satisfaction, with a mean value of 3.96, is related to public transport access followed by satisfaction in social relations with friends, relatives and fellow immigrants living in Iran, and access to cultural centres such as the mosque, library, and cinema. The lowest level of satisfaction, with a mean value of 1.90, was seen at border services like entry and exit from Iran, followed by the Iranian government policy towards Afghan refugees, and saving abilities. In addition, the most important predictors of immigrants' QoL include indicators of health, security, work status, and income, which are closely interrelated with the main reasons for Afghans' immigration to Iran. After immigration to Iran, the QoL status of the immigrants has improved significantly, especially in the fields of security and education; nevertheless, their employment in jobs with low skill and income, along with the decrease in the economic growth of Iran over the recent years, have caused problems for the economic and financial status of the immigrants. The results and findings of this study will be useful for designing and implementing plans and policies necessary to improve QoL of Afghan immigrants in Iran.