bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How did the financial crisis affect the transnationality of the global financial elite? One step forward and one step back
Authors: VAN VEEN KEES 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOver the last few decades, transnational elite formation progressed hand in hand with a deterioration in national business elites. Most studies regard this process as progressive and linear. However, we argue that transnational elite formation is subject to a variety of opposing forces, and the assumed progression is not a given fact. As an intriguing case, we analyse the financial business elite with a focus on the financial crisis of 2008. This international event had substantial ramifications, including a possible external shock to transnational elite formation. To study the consequences of the crisis, we collected the board composition data of the 48 largest transnational financial companies for the period 2006–11. Changes in board composition show opposing effects. For example, transnationality increased during the crisis, but reversals appeared when national governments intervened.
U–Pb zircon ages of the Nakanogawa Group in the Hidaka Belt, northern Japan: Implications for its provenance and the protolith of the Hidaka metamorphic rocks
Authors: Nanayama Futoshi , Takahashi Yutaka , Yamasaki Toru , Nakagawa Mitsuru , Iwano Hideki , Danhara Tohru , Hirata Takafumi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractZircon U–Pb ages of two acidic tuff and two turbidite sandstone samples from the Nakanogawa Group, Hidaka Belt, were measured to estimate its depositional age and the development of the Hokkaido Central Belt, northeast Japan. In the northern unit, homogeneous zircons from pelagic acidic tuff from a basal horizon dated to 58–57 Ma, zircons from sandstone from the upper part of the unit dated to 56–54 Ma, and zircons from acidic tuff from the uppermost part dated to 60–56 Ma and 69–63 Ma. Both of the tuff U–Pb ages are significantly older than the youngest radiolarian fossil age (66–48 Ma). Therefore, the maximum depositional age of the turbidite facies in the northern unit is 58 Ma and the younger age limit, estimated from the fossil age, is 48 Ma. In the southern unit, homogeneous zircons from turbidite sandstone dated to 58–57 Ma. Thus the depositional age of this turbidite facies was interpreted to be 66–56 Ma from the fossil age, probably close to 57 Ma. Most of the zircon U–Pb ages from the Nakanogawa Group are younger than 80 Ma, with a major peak at 60 Ma. This result implies that around Hokkaido volcanic activity occurred mainly after 80 Ma. Older zircon ages (120–80 Ma, 180–140 Ma, 340–220 Ma, 1.9 Ga, 2.2 Ga, and 2.7 Ga) give information about the provenance of other rocks in the Hidaka Belt. It is inferred that the Nakanogawa Group comprises protoliths of the upper sequence of the Hidaka Metamorphic Zone, which therefore has the same depositional age as the Nakanogawa Group (66–48 Ma). The depositional ages of the lower sequence of the Hidaka Metamorphic Zone and the Nakanogawa Group are probably the same.
International Remittances and Private Schooling: Evidence from Kerala, India
Authors: Valatheeswaran C. , Khan M. Imran 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of international remittances on private school enrolment in Kerala. Using data from the 2010 Kerala Migration Survey and employing an instrumental variable (IV‐Probit) approach to address the endogeneity of migration, we found that remittances have a positive and significant effect on private school enrolment. After disaggregating the sample into different heterogeneous groups, we found that remittances have greater effect on boys, children residing in rural areas, and those belonging to socially advantageous groups and from higher wealth quintile. Children from lower wealth quintile and belonging to socially disadvantageous groups are least affected by migration and remittances.
Estimating the burden of influenza‐associated hospitalization and deaths in Oman (2012‐2015)
Authors: Abdel‐Hady Doaa M. , Al Balushi Rima M. , Al Abri Badr A. , Al Abri Seif S. , Al Kindi Hanan S. , Al‐Jardani Amina K. , Al Yaqubi Fatma M. , Al Abaidani Idris S. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundInfluenza is a serious vaccine‐preventable disease with high incidence, hospitalization, and mortality in high‐risk groups. The epidemiology, seasonality, and risk factors for influenza are well defined in most of the temperate countries, but estimating influenza burden in the World Health Organization (WHO) Region for the Eastern Mediterranean is scarce. In Oman, despite the advancements in influenza surveillance, the clinical burden and seasonality of influenza remain not fully understood.ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence of influenza‐associated hospitalizations and in‐hospital death in Oman.Patients and methodsInfluenza‐associated hospitalizations and in‐hospital deaths were estimated using hospital discharge records based on ICD‐10 codes (J09‐J18), results of virological analysis and population census for the period between 2012 and 2015.ResultsDuring 2012 and 2015, we identified a total of 19 405 influenza‐associated hospitalization and 847 deaths. Influenza positivity percentage ranged from 6.4% in 2013 to 20.6% in 2015. Influenza‐associated hospitalization incidence rate was 7.3 (95% CI: 6.4‐8.1) per 100 000 in 2013 and 27.5 (95% CI: 25.9‐29.1) per 100 000 in 2015 with an overall rate of 20.6 (95% CI: 19.9‐21.3) per 100 000. The highest incidence of influenza‐associated death was among those aged ≥65 years and ranged between 39.5 (95% CI: 27.3‐51.8) per 100 000 in 2014 and 11.3 (95% CI: 7.5‐15.1) in 2015.ConclusionsInfluenza causes a substantial number of hospitalizations and deaths in Oman. Hospitalization rates were highest among children, and adults ≥65 years showed the highest death rate. The potential value of using seasonal influenza vaccine in these groups should be considered.
Contracting for vendor‐managed inventory with a time‐dependent stockout penalty
Authors: Lee Jun‐Yeon , Johnson Gordon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe examine vendor‐managed inventory contracts in a (Q, r) inventory system between a supplier and a retailer, in which a stockout penalty is charged to the supplier based on the length of the time period during which stockouts occur at the retailer. Linear and quadratic forms of the time‐dependent stockout penalty are considered. For the deterministic demand case, we find that the quadratic form of time‐dependent stockout penalty is equivalent to a proportional stockout penalty per unit short per unit time. For the stochastic demand case, we provide the exact cost expressions for the supplier and the retailer with a linear time‐dependent stockout penalty. We also discuss how the stochastic model can be extended to the case with a quadratic time‐dependent stockout penalty when there is at most one outstanding replenishment order at any point of time. We provide several interesting computational results.
A New Form of Delegation in EU Asylum: Agencies as Proxies of Strong Regulators
Authors: Ripoll Servent Ariadna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe malfunctioning of the Common European Asylum System can be traced back to the principle of responsibility established by the Dublin regime. To attenuate its problems, the EU has delegated regulatory competences to Frontex and the European Asylum Support Office (EASO), which have been given a ‘right to intervene’ in those Member States that put the system at risk. This article expands Majone's typologies of agents and trustees to explain why and how power has been delegated and the resulting consequences. It includes cases of failed delegation and argues that, although Frontex and EASO should operate as trustees – to prevent co‐operation from breaking down – they have not been provided with enough autonomy, which exposes them to capture by particular interests. The reforms show that EU agencies are likely to be used as proxies by a group of strong Member States to monitor and intervene in weaker Member States.
Prevalence, treatment patterns and control rates of metabolic syndrome in a Chinese diabetic population: China Cardiometabolic Registries 3B study
Authors: Jing Yali , Hong Ting , Bi Yan , Hu Dayi , Chen Guojuan , Li Jihu , Zhang Ye , Zhang Ruya , Ji Linong , Zhu Dalong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and assess the effect of MetS on the treatment patterns and blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipids goal achievements.Materials and MethodsData from 25,454 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients including demographic data, anthropometric measurements, treatment patterns, and blood glucose and lipid profiles were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsUsing modified Adult Treatment Panel III MetS criteria, the prevalence of MetS was 57.4% in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, who also fulfilled the criteria for MetS, tended to be women, living in the northeast, with a diabetes duration ≥5 years and leading a sedentary lifestyle. Most MetS (53.4%) and non‐MetS (57%) diabetes patients received oral hypoglycemic drugs. Insulin or insulin combination therapies were more applied in MetS (37.5%) than in non‐MetS (33.1%) diabetes patients, and the percentages of MetS diabetes patients receiving antihypertensive and lipid‐modulating drugs were 52.9% and 28.2% vs 38.3% and 19.3% of the non‐MetS diabetes patients. Just 37.5%, 15.6% and 32.9% of the MetS diabetes patients vs 54.6%, 45.6% and 40.4% of the non‐MetS diabetes patients achieved the individual target goals for control of blood glucose (glycosylated hemoglobin <7%), blood pressure (systolic blood pressure <130 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure <80 mmHg) and blood lipids (total cholesterol <4.5 mmol/L), whereas just 2.1% achieved all three target goals.ConclusionsMetS with a high prevalence in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is associated with poor blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipids control rate.
Coaching parents to assess and treat self‐injurious behaviour via telehealth
Authors: Benson S. S. , Dimian A. F. , Elmquist M. , Simacek J. , McComas J. J. , Symons F. J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe application of telehealth technology to conduct functional analysis (FA) and functional communication training (FCT) is emerging for children with developmental disabilities and behaviour support needs. The current study was designed to extend FA + FCT for self‐injurious behaviour by using telehealth in home with parents as interventionists receiving real‐time remote coaching. Two families with school‐aged boys with developmental disabilities associated with intellectual disability participated, one with cerebral palsy and the other with autism spectrum disorder. Results indicated that parent‐implemented FA + FCT via telehealth was effective for reducing self‐injurious behaviour and increasing mands (communication requests) for both children. Both families successfully implemented the FA + FCT protocol with 95% overall fidelity via telehealth‐supported coaching. Results are discussed in terms of their relationship to previous research, limitations and future directions.
Phylogenetic analyses of the hepatic architecture in vertebrates
Authors: Shiojiri Nobuyoshi , Kametani Harunobu , Ota Noriaki , Akai Yusuke , Fukuchi Tomokazu , Abo Tomoka , Tanaka Sho , Sekiguchi Junri , Matsubara Sachie , Kawakami Hayato 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe mammalian liver has a structural and functional unit called the liver lobule, in the periphery of which the portal triad consisting of the portal vein, bile duct and hepatic artery is developed. This type of hepatic architecture is detectable in many other vertebrates, including amphibians and birds, whereas intrahepatic bile ducts run independently of portal vein distribution in actinopterygians such as the salmon and tilapia. It remains to be clarified how the hepatic architectures are phylogenetically developed among vertebrates. The present study morphologically and immunohistochemically analyzed the hepatic structures of various vertebrates, including as many classes and subclasses as possible, with reference to intrahepatic bile duct distribution. The livers of vertebrates belonging to the Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Amphibia, Aves, Mammalia, and Actinopterygii before Elopomorpha, had the portal triad‐type architecture. The Anguilliformes livers developed both periportal bile ducts and non‐periportal bile ducts. The Otocephala and Euteleostei livers had independent configuration of bile ducts and portal veins. Pancreatic tissues penetrated the liver parenchyma along portal veins in the Euteleostei. The liver of the lungfish, which shares the same origin with amphibians, did not have the portal triad‐type architecture. Teleostei and lungfish livers had ductular development in the liver parenchyma similar to oval cell proliferation in injured mammalian livers. Euteleostei livers had penetration of significant numbers of independent portal veins from their intestines, suggesting that each liver lobe might receive a different blood supply. The hepatic architectures of the portal triad‐type changed to non‐portal triad‐type architecture along the evolution of the Actinopterygii. The hepatic architecture of the lungfish resembles that of the Actinopterygii after Elopomorpha in intrahepatic biliary configuration, which may be an example of convergent evolution.
Regulation of apical blebbing in the porcine epididymis
Authors: Hughes Jennifer R. , Berger Trish 
Published: December 2017

AbstractApical blebbing, a non‐classical secretion mechanism, occurs in the mature porcine epididymis as part of its normal function. Proteins secreted by this mechanism contribute to the modification of the sperm plasma membrane during epididymal transit and are thought to contribute to acquisition of fertilizing ability. However, little is known about the regulation of this secretion mechanism in an in vivo model. Previous work demonstrated apical blebbing in the epididymis developed pubertally, suggesting androgens, sperm or other luminal factors regulated this process. Hence, the objective was to evaluate the hypothesized regulation of apical blebbing in the epididymis of pubertal boars by androgens and luminal factors. Androgen receptor blockade (flutamide) and surgical interventions (efferent duct ligation, orchidectomy or transection of the caput epididymis) were used to alter signaling, and the subsequent effects on apical blebbing were evaluated histologically. Apical blebbing was not altered by androgen receptor blockade with flutamide, but was significantly reduced 24 h after efferent duct ligation and after orchidectomy, treatments that eliminated luminal flow from the testis (P < 0.05). Like efferent duct ligation, epididymal transection altered luminal flow without removing the androgen source and significantly reduced the appearance of apical blebbing (P < 0.05). In conclusion, apical blebbing in the porcine epididymis appears to be regulated by luminal factors.
Quantitative analysis of hepatic macro‐ and microvascular alterations during cirrhogenesis in the rat
Authors: Peeters Geert , Debbaut Charlotte , Friebel Adrian , Cornillie Pieter , De Vos Winnok H. , Favere Kasper , Vander Elst Ingrid , Vandecasteele Tim , Johann Tim , Van Hoorebeke Luc , Monbaliu Diethard , Drasdo Dirk , Hoehme Stefan , Laleman Wim , Segers Patrick 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCirrhosis represents the end‐stage of any persistent chronically active liver disease. It is characterized by the complete replacement of normal liver tissue by fibrosis, regenerative nodules, and complete fibrotic vascularized septa. The resulting angioarchitectural distortion contributes to an increasing intrahepatic vascular resistance, impeding liver perfusion and leading to portal hypertension. To date, knowledge on the dynamically evolving pathological changes of the hepatic vasculature during cirrhogenesis remains limited. More specifically, detailed anatomical data on the vascular adaptations during disease development is lacking. To address this need, we studied the 3D architecture of the hepatic vasculature during induction of cirrhogenesis in a rat model. Cirrhosis was chemically induced with thioacetamide (TAA). At predefined time points, the hepatic vasculature was fixed and visualized using a combination of vascular corrosion casting and deep tissue microscopy. Three‐dimensional reconstruction and data‐fitting enabled cirrhogenic features to extracted at multiple scales, portraying the impact of cirrhosis on the hepatic vasculature. At the macrolevel, we noticed that regenerative nodules severely compressed pliant venous vessels from 12 weeks of TAA intoxication onwards. Especially hepatic veins were highly affected by this compression, with collapsed vessel segments severely reducing perfusion capabilities. At the microlevel, we discovered zone‐specific sinusoidal degeneration, with sinusoids located near the surface being more affected than those in the middle of a liver lobe. Our data shed light on and quantify the evolving angioarchitecture during cirrhogenesis. These findings may prove helpful for future targeted invasive interventions.
The impact of unfractionated heparin or bivalirudin on patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Lima Fabio V. , Gruberg Luis , Aslam Usman , Ramgadoo Melissa , Clase Kydanis , Trevisan Alessandra , Jeremias Allen 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo compare bleeding and clinical events of patients with stable angina or silent ischemia undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treated with unfractionated heparin (UFH) or bivalirudin.BackgroundFew direct comparisons between UFH monotherapy versus bivalirudin exist for patients with stable ischemic heart disease undergoing PCI.MethodsA prospective, investigator‐initiated, single‐center, single‐blinded, randomized trial of UFH versus bivalirudin was conducted. The primary endpoint was all bleeding (major and minor) from index‐hospitalization to 30 days post discharge. Secondary endpoints included major adverse cerebral and cardiovascular events (MACCE) and net adverse clinical events (NACE).ResultsTwo‐hundred‐sixty patients were randomized for treatment with either UFH (n = 123) (47%) or bivalirudin (n = 137) (53%) There were no significant differences in baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics between the two groups. Primary endpoint was similar in both groups (10.9% with bivalirudin vs 7.3% with UFH [P = 0.31]). Major bleeding rates were 5.8% and 2.4%, respectively (P = 0.17). There was a higher MACCE (3.5% vs 0%, P = 0.03) and NACE (8.8% vs 2.4%, P = 0.03) rate with bivalirudin compared to UFH, respectively. Bivalirudin had increased odds of NACE (OR = 3.65, 95% CI: 1.00‐13.3.6). Death and stent thrombosis rates were low and similar in both groups. Radial access was associated with fewer bleeding events compared to femoral access but not statistically significant (P = 0.29).ConclusionsAmong patients with stable angina or silent ischemia, there was no difference between UFH and bivalirudin in bleeding rates up to 30‐days post‐PCI. MACCE and NACE were higher among the bivalirudin group. Radial access was associated with a numerically lower rate of bleeding compared with femoral access.
Clinical Neuroimaging Using 7 T MRI: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Vargas Maria Isabel , Martelli Pascal , Xin Lijing , Ipek Ozlem , Grouiller Frederic , Pittau Francesca , Trampel Robert , Gruetter Rolf , Vulliemoz Serge , Lazeyras Francois 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to illustrate the principal challenges, from the medical and technical point of view, associated with the use of ultrahigh field (UHF) scanners in the clinical setting and to present available solutions to circumvent these limitations.We would like to show the differences between UHF scanners and those used routinely in clinical practice, the principal advantages, and disadvantages, the different UHFs that are ready be applied to routine clinical practice such as susceptibility‐weighted imaging, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, 3‐dimensional time of flight, magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo, magnetization‐prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient echo, and diffusion‐weighted imaging, the technical principles of these sequences, and the particularities of advanced techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging, spectroscopy, and functional imaging at 7TMR.Finally, the main clinical applications in the field of the neuroradiology are discussed and the side effects are reported.
Dysphagia Management for People With Intellectual Disabilities: Practitioner Identified Processes, Barriers, and Solutions
Authors: Chadwick Darren D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDysphagia is a significant problem for adults with ID which has received sparse attention in the research literature. Little is currently documented about how dysphagia management operates and the barriers and associated strategies to address barriers utilized in practice. A brief survey containing open‐ended questions was completed by 38 practitioners about the way their service operates, the barriers they have faced in providing support around managing dysphagia, and the solutions and strategies they have found useful. The process of dysphagia management typically involved referral and assessment, development of an intervention strategy, communication and negotiation, education and training in safe dysphagia management and monitoring, evaluation, and reassessment. Barriers were numerous but stakeholder beliefs, knowledge, and feelings underpinned many of them. Solutions varied but similarly were underpinned by good communication, building relationships, person‐centered practice and responsivity, pragmatism and innovation in training, and disseminating dysphagia management information.
Prognostic Value of Cardiac Troponin I and L‐Lactate in Blood of Dairy Cows Affected by Downer Cow Syndrome
Authors: Labonté J. , Dubuc J. , Roy J.‐P. , Buczinski S. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe downer cow syndrome (DCS) is a challenging health issue in the dairy industry. No cow‐side test is available to provide an accurate prognosis for DCS cases in farm settings.Hypothesis/ObjectivesLocal or systemic hypoperfusion and myocardial lesions lead to an increase in blood concentration of biomarkers cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and L‐lactate. The objective was to determine the prognostic values of these biomarkers assessed cow‐sides in addition to clinical examinations in prognostication of a negative outcome (NO: death or euthanasia within 7 days).Animals218 client‐owned dairy cows affected by DCS.MethodsIn a prospective study, animals were monitored for 60 days after inclusion of each cow. Blood cTnI and L‐lactate concentrations were measured on the day of inclusion. The prognostic accuracy of both biomarkers and physical examination variables was estimated to predict NO. A mixed multivariable logistic regression model was used for data analysis.ResultsPrevalence of NO in this study was 63% on day 7. Troponin concentrations greater than 0.7 ng/mL had sensitivity and specificity of 54.1% (95% CI: 45.3–62.7%) and 78.4% (95% CI: 67.3–87.1%), respectively, for predicting NO. Blood L‐lactate was not associated with the outcome. The multivariable model revealed that heart rate >100 bpm (OR; 95% CI: 3.7; 1.3–10.2) and cTnI > 0.7 ng/mL (OR; 95% CI: 5.5; 2.1–14.6) were associated with the risk of NO.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHypertroponinemia and tachycardia were associated with reduced survival in DCS cases. The use of cow‐side blood cTnI concentrations and heart rate could help to rapidly identify cows in farm setting that have poor chances of recovery and would benefit from a more aggressive treatment or euthanasia.