bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary psychological benefits of mindfulness meditation training in a sample of men diagnosed with prostate cancer on active surveillance: results from a randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Victorson David , Hankin Vered , Burns James , Weiland Rebecca , Maletich Carly , Sufrin Nathaniel , Schuette Stephanie , Gutierrez Bruriah , Brendler Charles 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveIn a pilot randomized controlled trial, examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an 8‐week, mindfulness training program (Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction) in a sample of men on active surveillance on important psychological outcomes including prostate cancer anxiety, uncertainty intolerance and posttraumatic growth.MethodsMen were randomized to either mindfulness (n = 24) or an attention control arm (n = 19) and completed self‐reported measures of prostate cancer anxiety, uncertainty intolerance, global quality of life, mindfulness and posttraumatic growth at baseline, 8 weeks, 6 months and 12 months.ResultsParticipants in the mindfulness arm demonstrated significant decreases in prostate cancer anxiety and uncertainty intolerance, and significant increases in mindfulness, global mental health and posttraumatic growth. Participants in the control condition also demonstrated significant increases in mindfulness over time. Longitudinal increases in posttraumatic growth were significantly larger in the mindfulness arm than they were in the control arm.ConclusionsWhile mindfulness training was found to be generally feasible and acceptable among participants who enrolled in the 8‐week intervention as determined by completion rates and open‐ended survey responses, the response rate between initial enrollment and the total number of men approached was lower than desired (47%). While larger sample sizes are necessary to examine the efficacy of mindfulness training on important psychological outcomes, in this pilot study posttraumatic growth was shown to significantly increase over time for men in the treatment group. Mindfulness training has the potential to help men cope more effectively with some of the stressors and uncertainties associated with active surveillance.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multicenter study on the utility and safety of EBUS‐TBNA and EUS‐B‐FNA in children
Authors: Dhooria Sahajal , Madan Karan , Pattabhiraman Vallandramam , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Mehta Ravindra , Vishwanath Gella , Srinivasan Arjun , Sivaramakrishnan Mahadevan , Mohan Anant , Mathew Joseph L. , Kabra Sushil K. , Guleria Randeep , Behera Digambar , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackground and AimEndobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) and endoscopic ultrasound with an echobronchoscope‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐B‐FNA) are useful modalities in the evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in adults; however, there is sparse data in children. The aim of this multicenter study is to describe the efficacy and safety of EBUS‐TBNA and EUS‐B‐FNA in children with mediastinal lymphadenopathy of undefined etiology.MethodsRetrospective analysis of consecutive pediatric (<18 years) subjects who underwent EBUS‐TBNA or EUS‐B‐FNA for the evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The demographic characteristics, indications, procedural details, pathological, cytological and microbiological diagnosis, diagnostic yield, and complications are presented.ResultsOf the 3,424 EBUS/EUS‐B‐FNA procedures, 67 (1.9%) were performed in the pediatric (3–17 years) population. Of these, 19 (28.4%) were performed in children ≤12 years of age. Overall, EBUS‐TBNA and EUS‐B‐FNA were performed in 53 and 12 subjects, respectively. In two subjects, no significant lymph node was seen on EBUS. The procedure was performed under moderate sedation in spontaneously breathing subjects in 54 (80.6%) instances. An adequate sample was obtained in 60 (92.3%) subjects while a diagnostic sample was obtained in 37 (56.9%) of the 65 subjects. The diagnostic yield was not significantly different (P = 0.59) between EBUS‐TBNA (58.5%) and EUS‐B‐FNA (50%). The sensitivity of EBUS‐TBNA/EUS‐B‐FNA was 79.1% and led to a change in diagnosis in 28 (41.8%) subjects. Complications, all minor were encountered in six (8.9%) subjects.ConclusionsEBUS‐TBNA and EUS‐B‐FNA are safe techniques with a good diagnostic yield in the evaluation of children with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1031–1039. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cancer Stem Cell-Secreted Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Stimulates Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell Function and Facilitates Glioblastoma Immune Evasion
Authors: Otvos Balint , Silver Daniel J. , Mulkearns-Hubert Erin E. , Alvarado Alvaro G. , Turaga Soumya M. , Sorensen Mia D. , Rayman Patricia , Flavahan William A , Hale James S. , Stoltz Kevin , Sinyuk Maksim , Wu Qiulian , Jarrar Awad , Kim Sung-Hak , Fox Paul L. , Nakano Ichiro , Rich Jeremy N. , Ransohoff Richard M. , Finke James , Kristensen Bjarne W. , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Lathia Justin D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Shifting the balance away from tumor-mediated immune suppression toward tumor immune rejection is the conceptual foundation for a variety of immunotherapy efforts currently being tested. These efforts largely focus on activating antitumor immune responses but are confounded by multiple immune cell populations, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which serve to suppress immune system function. We have identified immune-suppressive MDSCs in the brains of GBM patients and found that they were in close proximity to self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs). MDSCs were selectively depleted using 5-flurouracil (5-FU) in a low-dose administration paradigm, which resulted in prolonged survival in a syngeneic mouse model of glioma. In coculture studies, patient-derived CSCs but not nonstem tumor cells selectively drove MDSC-mediated immune suppression. A cytokine screen revealed that CSCs secreted multiple factors that promoted this activity, including macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which was produced at high levels by CSCs. Addition of MIF increased production of the immune-suppressive enzyme arginase-1 in MDSCs in a CXCR2-dependent manner, whereas blocking MIF reduced arginase-1 production. Similarly to 5-FU, targeting tumor-derived MIF conferred a survival advantage to tumor-bearing animals and increased the cytotoxic T cell response within the tumor. Importantly, tumor cell proliferation, survival, and self-renewal were not impacted by MIF reduction, demonstrating that MIF is primarily an indirect promoter of GBM progression, working to suppress immune rejection by activating and protecting immune suppressive MDSCs within the GBM tumor microenvironment.
The PI3K/AKT/c-MYC Axis Promotes the Acquisition of Cancer Stem-Like Features in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Hai-Feng , Wu Chengsheng , Alshareef Abdulraheem , Gupta Nidhi , Zhao Qing , Xu Xiu-E , Jiao Ji-Wei , Li En-Min , Xu Li-Yan , Lai Raymond 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The importance of intratumoral heterogeneity has been highlighted by the identification and characterization of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Based on the differential responsiveness to a Sox2 reporter, SRR2, we had found a novel dichotomy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, with reporter-responsive (RR) cells showing more CSC-like features than reporter-unresponsive (RU) cells. Specifically, RR cells exhibited significantly higher tumorsphere formation capacity, proportions of CD44High cells, chemoresistance to cisplatin, and tumorigenic potential in vivo. H2O2, a potent inducer of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species, was found to induce a conversion from RU to RR cells; importantly, converted RR cells acquired CSC-like features. The PI3K/AKT/c-MYC signalling axis is important in this context, since pharmacologic blockade of PI3K-AKT or siRNA knockdown of c-MYC effectively inhibited the RR phenotype and its associated CSC-like features, as well as the H2O2-induced RU/RR conversion. In a cohort of 188 ESCC patient samples, we found a significant correlation between strong c-MYC expression and a short overall survival (p = .009). In conclusion, we have described a novel intratumoral heterogeneity in ESCC. The identification of the PI3K/AKT/c-MYC axis as a driver of CSC-like features carries therapeutic implications.
Barx2 and Pax7 Regulate Axin2 Expression in Myoblasts by Interaction with β-Catenin and Chromatin Remodelling
Authors: Hulin Julie-Ann , Nguyen Thi Diem Tran , Cui Shuang , Marri Shashikanth , Yu Ruth T. , Downes Michael , Evans Ronald M. , Makarenkova Helen , Meech Robyn 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Satellite cells are the resident stem cells of skeletal muscle; quiescent in adults until activated by injury to generate proliferating myoblasts. The canonical Wnt signalling pathway, mediated by T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) and β-catenin effector proteins, controls myoblast differentiation in vitro, and recent work suggests that timely termination of the Wnt/β-catenin signal is important for normal adult myogenesis. We recently identified the Barx2 and Pax7 homeobox proteins as novel components of the Wnt effector complex. Here, we examine molecular and epigenetic mechanisms by which Barx2 and Pax7 regulate the canonical Wnt target gene Axin2, which mediates critical feedback to terminate the transcriptional response to Wnt signals. Barx2 is recruited to the Axin2 gene via TCF/LEF binding sites, recruits β-catenin and the coactivator GRIP-1, and induces local H3K-acetylation. Barx2 also promotes nuclear localization of β-catenin. Conversely, Pax7 represses Axin2 promoter/intron activity and inhibits Barx2-mediated H3K-acetylation via the corepressor HDAC1. Wnt3a not only induces Barx2 mRNA, but also stabilises Barx2 protein in myoblasts; conversely, Wnt3a potently inhibits Pax7 protein expression. As Barx2 promotes myogenic differentiation and Pax7 suppresses it, this novel posttranscriptional regulation of Barx2 and Pax7 by Wnt3a may be involved in the specification of differentiation-competent and -incompetent myoblast populations. Finally, we propose a model for dual function of Barx2 downstream of Wnt signals: activation of myogenic target genes in association with canonical myogenic regulatory factors, and regulation of the negative feedback loop that limits the response of myoblasts to Wnt signals via direct interaction of Barx2 with the TCF/β-catenin complex.
Brain Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Directs the Transition from Stem Cells to Mature Neurons During Postnatal/Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
Authors: Nieto-Estévez Vanesa , Oueslati-Morales Carlos O. , Li Lingling , Pickel James , Morales Aixa V. , Vicario-Abejón Carlos 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The specific actions of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the role of brain-derived IGF-I during hippocampal neurogenesis have not been fully defined. To address the influence of IGF-I on the stages of hippocampal neurogenesis, we studied a postnatal/adult global Igf-I knockout (KO) mice (Igf-I−/−) and a nervous system Igf-I conditional KO (Igf-IΔ/Δ). In both KO mice we found an accumulation of Tbr2+-intermediate neuronal progenitors, some of which were displaced in the outer granule cell layer (GCL) and the molecular layer (ML) of the dentate gyrus (DG). Similarly, more ectopic Ki67+- cycling cells were detected. Thus, the GCL was disorganized with significant numbers of Prox1+-granule neurons outside this layer and altered morphology of radial glial cells (RGCs). Dividing progenitors were also generated in greater numbers in clonal hippocampal stem cell (HPSC) cultures from the KO mice. Indeed, higher levels of Hes5 and Ngn2, transcription factors that maintain the stem and progenitor cell state, were expressed in both HPSCs and the GCL-ML from the Igf-IΔ/Δ mice. To determine the impact of Igf-I deletion on neuronal generation in vivo, progenitors in Igf-I−/− and Igf-I+/+ mice were labeled with a GFP-expressing vector. This revealed that in the Igf-I−/− mice more GFP+-immature neurons were formed and they had less complex dendritic trees. These findings indicate that local IGF-I plays critical roles during postnatal/adult hippocampal neurogenesis, regulating the transition from HPSCs and progenitors to mature granule neurons in a cell stage-dependent manner.
PIXE‐alpha non‐destructive and in situ compositional investigation of black gloss on ancient pottery
Authors: Pappalardo L. , Barresi S. , Biondi G. , Caliri C. , Caruso F. , Catalano R. , Lamagna G. , Manenti G. A. , Monterosso G. , Orlando A. , Rizzo F. , Romano F.P. , Santos H.C. 
Published: May 2016

The chemical characterization of the black gloss on ancient pottery is, since several years, the object of different scientific investigations.Among the different typologies of black gloss, the Attic one is the most refined, because it is prepared by using a fine suspension of an illitic clay applied on the surface of the clay body so that, after an oxiding‐reducing‐oxiding firing cycle at high temperature (800–950 °C), it reaches the typical shiny black aspect.Red figure vases were largely produced in South Italy often reaching a high artistic level. This is the case of the Sicilian red figure vases, sometimes called ‘Sicelioti’, whose production began in Sicily around the end of the fifth century BC and continued until the beginning of the third century BC.The aim of this work is to submit and compare a selection of data related to the chemical composition of the surface black gloss of some Attic and Sicilian red figure vases: This has been investigated, and a chemical‐based discrimination has been proposed.The non‐destructive particle‐induced X‐ray emission‐alpha portable spectrometer was used.The results, carried out in situ at the ‘Paolo Orsi’ Archaeological Museum in Syracuse (Sicily), together with the ones recently obtained in similar analyses at the Archaeological Museum of Catania University, confirmed the compositional stability of Attic vase black gloss and indicated that in a well‐defined time period, the chemical composition of the Sicilian black gloss decorations is very stable and superimposable with that of the contemporary Attic artifacts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Yeast biota of naturally fermented black olives in different brines made from cv. Gemlik grown in various districts of the Cukurova region of Turkey
Authors: Leventdurur Sezgi , Sert‐Aydın Selvihan , Boyaci‐Gunduz C. Pelin , Agirman Bilal , Ben Ghorbal Akram , Francesca Nicola , Martorana Alessandra , Erten Hüseyin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this study, the yeast microbiota of naturally fermented black olives made from cv. Gemlik, grown in three different districts of the Çukurova region of Turkey, were investigated. Fermentations were conducted for 180 days in three different brines, including NaCl 10% w/v, NaCl 8% w/v and NaCl 8% w/v added with glucose 0.5%. In total, 223 yeasts were isolated and then identified by PCR–RFLP analysis of the 5.8S ITS rRNA region and sequence information for the D1/D2 domains of the 26S rRNA gene. A broad range of yeast biodiversity was identified, including eight genera and nine species. Candida boidinii (41%), Wickerhamomyces anomalus (32%) and Saccharomyces sp. (18%) were predominant yeasts throughout the fermentations. To a lesser extent, the other species, Candida aaseri, Meyerozyma sp., Zygoascus hellenicus, Pichia kudriavzevii, Schwanniomyces etchellsii and Candida atlantica were also members of the olive‐fermenting microbiota. In Tarsus and Bahçe districts C. boidinii and in Serinyol district Saccharomyces sp. were the most frequently identified species. W. anomalus was the most frequently isolated species (by 48% of total yeasts) in NaCl 10% brines. C. boidinii was the most dominant species in the brines, including NaCl 8% and NaCl 8% + glucose 0.5%, with frequencies of 42% and 61%, respectively. At the end of the 180 days of fermentation, total acidity values of the brines were in the range 1.04–8.1 g/l lactic acid. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Archetype Tungsten Iodide Cluster Compound W3I8
Authors: Ströbele Markus , Meyer H. ‐Jürgen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe tungsten iodide W3I8 is obtained by thermal conversion of W3I12. The crystal structure of W3I8 was solved and refined by means of powder X‐ray diffraction techniques. The structure is based on a nearly trigonal tungsten cluster core, with six edge‐capping iodido ligands and three apical iodido ligands, of which two are shared between clusters to generate chains. Cluster chains in the structure are arranged following the pattern of a sinusoidal wave.
Incisional Hernia Rates After Laparoscopic or Open Abdominal Surgery—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kössler‐Ebs Julia B. , Grummich Kathrin , Jensen Katrin , Hüttner Felix J. , Müller‐Stich Beat , Seiler Christoph M. , Knebel Phillip , Büchler Markus W. , Diener Markus K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundIncisional hernias are one of the most common long‐term complications associated with open abdominal surgery. The aim of this review and meta‐analysis was to systematically assess laparoscopic versus open abdominal surgery as a general surgical strategy in all available indications in terms of incisional hernia occurrence.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials comparing incisional hernia rates after laparoscopic versus open abdominal surgery in all indications. Random effects meta‐analyses were calculated and presented as risk differences (RD) with their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI).Results24 trials (3490 patients) were included. Incisional hernias were significantly reduced in the laparoscopic group (RD −0.06, 95 % CI [−0.09, −0.03], p = 0.0002, I2 = 75). The advantage of the laparoscopic procedure persisted in the subgroup of total‐laparoscopic interventions (RD −0.14, 95 % CI [−0.22, −0.06], p = 0.001, I2 = 87 %), whereas laparoscopically assisted procedures did not show a significant reduction of incisional hernias compared to open surgery (RD −0.01, 95 % CI [−0.03, 0.01], p = 0.31, I2 = 35 %). Wound infections were significantly reduced in the laparoscopic group (RD −0.06, 95 % CI [−0.09, −0.03], p < 0.0001, I2 = 35 %); overall postoperative morbidity was comparable in both groups (RD −0.06, 95 % CI [−0.13, 0.00], p = 0.06; I2 = 64 %). Open abdominal surgery showed a significantly longer hospital stay compared to laparoscopy (RD −1.92, 95 % CI [−2.67, −1.17], p < 0.00001, I2 = 87 %). At short‐term follow‐up, quality of life was in favor of laparoscopy.ConclusionsIncisional hernias are less frequent using the total‐laparoscopic approach instead of open abdominal surgery. Whenever possible, the less traumatic access should be chosen.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification
Authors: Gowda Mamatha , Papa Dasari , Sagili Haritha , Subbai Murali 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIdiopathic infantile arterial calcification is a rare disorder which is generally fatal and characterized by extensive calcification of large- and medium-sized arteries. The diagnosis is usually made at autopsy or in the neonatal period, when there is cardiac failure. Prenatal diagnosis is possible in the latter half of pregnancy when there are hyperechoic vessel walls, hypertrophied ventricular musculature, and nonimmune fetal hydrops. There are only few cases reported to have been diagnosed antenatally. The inheritance is autosomal recessive and most of the affected individuals have mutations in ENPP1 and ABCC6 genes. Molecular genetic tests and genetic counseling should be offered to provide early prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancies.
Seasonal Variation of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcuspneumoniae Bacteremia According to Acquisition and Patient Characteristics: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Gradel Kim Oren , Nielsen Stig Lønberg , Pedersen Court , Knudsen Jenny Dahl , Østergaard Christian , Arpi Magnus , Jensen Thøger Gorm , Kolmos Hans Jørn , Søgaard Mette , Lassen Annmarie Touborg , Schønheyder Henrik Carl ,   for the Danish Collaborative Bacteraemia Network (DACOBAN) and the Danish Observational Registry of Infectious Syndromes (DORIS)
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVESeasonal variation is a characteristic of many infectious diseases, but relatively little is known about determinants thereof. We studied the impact of place of acquisition and patient characteristics on seasonal variation of bacteremia caused by the 3 most common pathogens.DESIGNSeasonal variation analysis.METHODSIn 3 Danish health regions (2.3 million total inhabitants), patients with bacteremia were identified from 2000 through 2011 using information from laboratory information systems. Analyses were confined to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Additional data were obtained from the Danish National Hospital Registry for the construction of admission histories and calculation of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Bacteremias were categorized as community acquired, healthcare associated (HCA), and hospital acquired. We defined multiple subgroups by combining the following characteristics: species, acquisition, age group, gender, CCI level, and location of infection. Assuming a sinusoidal model, seasonal variation was assessed by the peak-to-trough (PTT) ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI).RESULTSIn total, we included 16,006 E. coli, 6,924 S. aureus, and 4,884 S. pneumoniae bacteremia cases. For E. coli, the seasonal variation was highest for community-acquired cases (PTT ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.17–1.32), was diminished for HCA (PTT ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04–1.25), and was missing for hospital-acquired cases. No seasonal variation was observed for S. aureus. S. pneumoniae showed high seasonal variation, which did not differ according to acquisition (overall PTT ratio, 3.42; 95% CI, 3.10–3.83).CONCLUSIONSSeasonal variation was mainly related to the species although the place of acquisition was important for E. coli.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:946–953
THE END OF AMNESTY OR REGIONAL OVERREACH? INTERPRETING THE EROSION OF SOUTH AMERICA’S AMNESTY LAWS
Authors: Mallinder Louise 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe atrocious abuses committed under South America's dictators resulted in a wave of amnesties. Following transitions to democracy, challenges from victims and civil society unpicked several of these amnesties, leading to hundreds of perpetrators facing prosecution. These developments prompted far-reaching claims in academic literature and policy reports regarding the significance of the erosion of South America's amnesties for shaping international legal norms and policy preferences on amnesties within the region and beyond. This article draws on a comparative analysis of case law from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and national courts as well as legislative changes to argue that there is a regional trend to move away from broad, unconditional amnesties enacted during or after dictatorial rule. However, it notes that this is not universal across the region, nor does it represent a rejection of all forms of amnesty. The article then tests the claims being made in the literature regarding the significance of the regional trend on the legality, durability and desirability of amnesties. It finds that there is little evidence to support claims that the regional developments are indicative of a broader normative shift. It concludes by identifying the risks posed by regional overreach.