bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Dense Gas Fraction in Intensely Star-forming Dusty Galaxies
Authors: Oteo I. , Zhang Z-Y. , Yang C. , Ivison R. J. , Omont A. , Bremer M. , Bussmann S. , Cooray A. , Cox P. , Dannerbauer H. , Dunne L. , Eales S. , Furlanetto C. , Gavazzi R. , Gao Y. , Greve T. R. , Nayyeri H. , Negrello M. , Neri R. , Riechers D. , Tunnard R. , Wagg J. , Werf P. Van der 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present ALMA

and VLA

observations of the dense molecular gas tracers HCN, HCO+, and HNC in two lensed, high-redshift starbursts selected from the Herschel-ATLAS survey: H-ATLAS J090740.0−004200 (SDP.9,

) and H-ATLAS J091043.1−000321 (SDP.11,

). In SDP.9 we have detected all

transitions and also HCN(1–0) and HCO+(1–0). In SDP.11 we have detected HCN(3–2) and HCO+(3–2). The amplification factors for both galaxies have been determined from subarcsecond-resolution CO and dust emission observations carried out with NOEMA and the SMA. The HNC(1–0)/HCN(1–0) line ratio in SDP.9 suggests the presence of photon-dominated regions, as happens in most local (U)LIRGs. The CO, HCN, and HCO+ spectral line energy distribution (SLEDs) of SDP.9 are compatible to those found for many local, IR-bright galaxies, indicating that the molecular gas in local and high-redshift dusty starbursts can have similar excitation conditions. We obtain that the correlation between total IR (

) and dense line (

) luminosity in SDP.9 and SDP.11 and local star-forming galaxies can be represented by a single relation. We argue that the scatter of the

correlation, together with the lack of sensitive dense molecular gas tracer observations for a homogeneous sample of high-redshift galaxies, prevents us from distinguishing differential trends with redshift. Our results suggest that the intense star formation found in some high-redshift, dusty, luminous starbursts is associated with more massive dense molecular gas reservoirs and higher dense molecular gas fractions.
Mg ii Absorbers: Metallicity Evolution and Cloud Morphology
Authors: Lan Ting-Wen , Fukugita Masataka 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Metal abundance and its evolution are studied for Mg ii quasar absorption line systems from their weak, unsaturated spectral lines using stacked spectra from the archived data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. They show an abundance pattern that resembles that of the Galactic halo or Small Magellanic Cloud, with metallicity [Z/H] showing an evolution from redshift z = 2 to 0.5: metallicity becomes approximately solar or even larger at

. We show that the evolution of the metal abundance traces the cumulative amount of the hydrogen fuel consumed in star formation in galaxies. With the aid of a spectroscopic simulation code, we infer the median gas density of the cloud to be roughly 0.3

, with which the elemental abundance in various ionization stages, in particular C i, is consistently explained. This gas density implies that the size of the Mg ii clouds is of the order of 0.03 kpc, which suggests that individual Mg ii clouds around a galaxy are of a baryonic mass typically

. This means that Mg ii clouds are numerous and “foamy,” rather than a large entity that covers a sizable fraction of galaxies with a single cloud.
Toward the Analysis of JWST Exoplanet Spectra: Identifying Troublesome Model Parameters
Authors: Baudino Jean-Loup , Mollière Paul , Venot Olivia , Tremblin Pascal , Bézard Bruno , Lagage Pierre-Olivier 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Given the forthcoming launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which will allow observing exoplanet atmospheres with unprecedented signal-to-noise ratio, spectral coverage, and spatial resolution, the uncertainties in the atmosphere modeling used to interpret the data need to be assessed. As the first step, we compare three independent 1D radiative-convective models: ATMO, Exo-REM, and petitCODE. We identify differences in physical and chemical processes that are taken into account thanks to a benchmark protocol we have developed. We study the impact of these differences on the analysis of observable spectra. We show the importance of selecting carefully relevant molecular linelists to compute the atmospheric opacity. Indeed, differences between spectra calculated with Hitran and ExoMol exceed the expected uncertainties of future JWST observations. We also show the limits of the precision of the models due to uncertainties on alkali and molecule lineshape, which induce spectral effects that are also larger than the expected JWST uncertainties. We compare two chemical models, Exo-REM and Venot Chemical Code, which do not lead to significant differences in the emission or transmission spectra. We discuss the observational consequences of using equilibrium or out-of-equilibrium chemistry and the major impact of phosphine, detectable with the JWST. Each of the models has benefited from the benchmarking activity and has been updated. The protocol developed in this paper and the online results can constitute a test case for other models.
Transition and Electron Impact Excitation Collision Rates for O iii
Authors: Tayal S. S. , Zatsarinny O. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Transition probabilities, electron excitation collision strengths, and rate coefficients for a large number of O iii lines over a broad wavelength range, from the infrared to ultraviolet, have been reported. The collision strengths have been calculated in the close-coupling approximation using the B-spline Breit–Pauli R-matrix method. The multiconfiguration Hartree–Fock method in combination with B-spline expansions is employed for an accurate representation of the target wave functions. The close-coupling expansion contains 202 O2+ fine-structure levels of the

,

,

, and

configurations. The effective collision strengths are obtained by averaging electron excitation collision strengths over a Maxwellian distribution of velocities at electron temperatures ranging from 100 to 100,000 K. The calculated effective collision strengths have been reported for the 20,302 transitions between all 202 fine-structure levels. There is an overall good agreement with the recent R-matrix calculations by Storey et al. for the transitions between all levels of the ground

configuration, but significant discrepancies have been found with Palay et al. for transitions to the

1
S
0 level. Line intensity ratios between the optical lines arising from the

− 1
D
2 transitions have been compared with other calculations and observations from the photoionized gaseous nebulae, and good agreement is found. The present calculations provide the most complete and accurate data sets, which should allow a more detailed treatment of the available measured spectra from different ground and space observatories.
Boxy Orbital Structures in Rotating Bar Models
Authors: Chaves-Velasquez L. , Patsis P. A. , Puerari I. , Skokos Ch. , Manos T. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We investigate regular and chaotic two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) orbits of stars in models of a galactic potential consisting of a disk, a halo, and a bar to find the origin of boxy components that are part of the bar or (almost) the bar itself. Our models originate in snapshots of an N-body simulation, which develops a strong bar. We consider three snapshots of the simulation, and, for the orbital study, we treat each snapshot independently, as an autonomous Hamiltonian system. The calculated corotation–to–bar length ratios indicate that in all three cases, the bar rotates slowly, while the orientation of the orbits of the main family of periodic orbits changes along its characteristic. We characterize the orbits as regular, sticky, or chaotic after integrating them for a 10 Gyr period by using the GALI2 index. Boxiness in the equatorial plane is associated either with quasi-periodic orbits in the outer parts of stability islands or with sticky orbits around them, which can be found in a large range of energies. We indicate the location of such orbits in diagrams, which include the characteristic of the main family. They are always found about the transition region from order to chaos. By perturbing such orbits in the vertical direction, we find a class of 3D nonperiodic orbits, which have boxy projections both in their face-on and side-on views.
Rayleigh Scattering in Spectral Series with L-term Interference
Authors: Casini R. , Sainz R. Manso , Alemán T. del Pino 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We derive a formalism to describe the scattering of polarized radiation over the full spectral range encompassed by atomic transitions belonging to the same spectral series (e.g., the H i Lyman and Balmer series, the UV multiplets of Fe i and Fe ii). This allows us to study the role of radiation-induced coherence among the upper terms of the spectral series, and its contribution to Rayleigh scattering and the polarization of the solar continuum. We rely on previous theoretical results for the emissivity of a three-term atom of the Λ-type, taking into account partially coherent scattering, and generalize its expression in order to describe a “multiple Λ” atomic system underlying the formation of a spectral series. Our study shows that important polarization effects must be expected because of the combined action of partial frequency redistribution and radiation-induced coherence among the terms of the series. In particular, our model predicts the correct asymptotic limit of 100% polarization in the far wings of a complete (i.e.,

) group of transitions, which must be expected on the basis of the principle of spectroscopic stability.
Galaxies with Prolate Rotation in Illustris
Authors: Ebrová Ivana , Łokas Ewa L. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Tens of early-type galaxies have been recently reported to possess prolate rotation of the stellar component, i.e., a significant amount of rotation around the major axis, including two cases in the Local Group. Although expected theoretically, this phenomenon is rarely observed and remains elusive. We study its origin using the population of well-resolved galaxies in the Illustris cosmological simulation. We identify 59 convincing examples of prolate rotators at the present time, more frequently among more massive galaxies, with the number varying very little with redshift. We follow their evolution back in time using the main progenitor branch galaxies of the Illustris merger trees. We find that the emergence of prolate rotation is strongly correlated with the time of the last significant merger that the galaxy experienced, although other evolutionary paths leading to prolate rotation are also possible. The transition to prolate rotation most often happens around the same time as the transition to prolate shape of the stellar component. The mergers leading to prolate rotation have slightly more radial orbits and higher mass ratios, and they occur at more recent times than mergers in the reference sample of twin galaxies we construct for comparison. However, they cover a wide range of initial conditions in terms of the mass ratio, merger time, radiality of the progenitor orbits, and relative orientations of progenitor spins with respect to the orbital angular momenta. About half of our sample of prolate rotators was created during gas-rich mergers, and the newly formed stars usually support prolate rotation.
ALMA Detection of Bipolar Outflows: Evidence for Low-mass Star Formation within 1 pc of Sgr A*
Authors: Yusef-Zadeh F. , Wardle M. , Kunneriath D. , Royster M. , Wootten A. , Roberts D. A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We report the discovery of 11 bipolar outflows within a projected distance of 1 pc from Sgr A* based on deep ALMA observations of 13CO, H30α, and SiO (5−4) lines with subarcsecond and ∼1.3 km s−1 resolutions. These unambiguous signatures of young protostars manifest as approaching and receding lobes of dense gas swept up by the jets created during the formation and early evolution of stars. The lobe masses and momentum transfer rates are consistent with young protostellar outflows found throughout the disk of the Galaxy. The mean dynamical age of the outflow population is estimated to be

years. The rate of star formation is ∼5 × 10−4

yr−1 assuming a mean stellar mass of ∼0.3

. This discovery provides evidence that star formation is taking place within clouds surprisingly close to Sgr A*, perhaps due to events that compress the host cloud, creating condensations with sufficient self-gravity to resist tidal disruption by Sgr A*. Low-mass star formation over the past few billion years at this level would contribute significantly to the stellar mass budget in the central few parsecs of the Galaxy. The presence of many dense clumps of molecular material within 1 pc of Sgr A* suggests that star formation could take place in the immediate vicinity of supermassive black holes in the nuclei of external galaxies.
Les réfections chirurgicales de l’hymen en Tunisie. Des techniques de purification et d’absolution ?
Authors: Ben Dridi Ibtissem 
Published: November 2017

Du recours aux hymens artificiels « chinois » à la pratique des réfections chirurgicales de l’hymen (hyménorraphie et hyménoplastie), cet article se penche sur les espaces interstitiels permettant de négocier l’impératif social de virginité prénuptiale. Au-delà de la description des usages en vigueur, il s’agit d’analyser la construction sémantique du discours de différents acteurs (jeunes femmes, corps médical, autorités religieuses), en montrant comment s’élabore une logique morale aux réfections d’hymen, qui convoque tour à tour les principes de repentance, protection et bien commun, ainsi que la notion de purification physique et psychique. Il importe en définitive de montrer comment les chirurgies de l’intime posent les techniques médicales à l’intersection de normes culturelles et arrangements individuels, sociaux et religieux, relevant tant du savoir-faire que du savoir-taire.
Multilevel Examination of Job Satisfaction and Career Intentions of Collegiate Athletic Trainers: A Quantitative Approach
Authors: Eason Christianne M. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Denegar Craig R. , Pitney William A. , McGarry Jennifer 
Published: November 2017

Context:
Recent employment data from collegiate athletic training settings have demonstrated departure trends among men and women. These trends have been hypothesized to be related to work-life balance. However, work-life balance is only 1 aspect of a myriad of factors. Due to the complex nature of the work-life interface, a multilevel examination is needed to better understand the precipitators of departure.

Objective:
To quantitatively examine factors that may influence collegiate athletic trainers' (ATs') job satisfaction and career intentions via a multilevel examination of the work-life interface.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Web-based questionnaire.

Patients or Other Participants:
Athletic trainers employed in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, or III or National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics colleges or universities (N = 299: 56.5% female, 43.5% male). The average age of participants was 33.6 ± 8.3 years, and their average experience was 10.3 ± 7.6 years.

Data Collection and Analysis:
Participants responded to an online questionnaire consisting of demographic questions, 9 Likert-scale surveys, and open-ended questions. Job-satisfaction Scores (JSSs) and intention-to-leave scores (ITLSs) served as the dependent variables and factors from individual, organizational, and sociocultural levels were the independent variables. Hierarchical regression analysis was run to determine the predictability of factors.

Results:
No sex differences in ITLS or JSS were found in our sample. Independent variables explained 68.5% of the variance in JSS and 28.8% of the variance in ITLS. Additions of factor levels increased the percentage of explained variance in both scores.

Conclusions:
A combination of individual-, organizational-, and sociocultural-level factors was able to best predict JSS and ITLS among collegiate ATs.
A New L2 Projection Method for the Oseen Equations
Authors: Bai Yanhong , Feng Minfu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a new type of stabilized finite element method is discussed for Oseen equations based on the local L2 projection stabilized technique for the velocity field. Velocity and pressure are approximated by two kinds of mixed finite element spaces, Pl2–P1, (l = 1,2). A main advantage of the proposed method lies in that, all the computations are performed at the same element level, without the need of nested meshes or the projection of the gradient of velocity onto a coarse level. Stability and convergence are proved for two kinds of stabilized schemes. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results.
An Extrapolation Cascadic Multigrid Method for Elliptic Problems on Reentrant Domains
Authors: Pan Kejia , He Dongdong , Chen Chuanmiao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes an extrapolation cascadic multigrid (EXCMG) method to solve elliptic problems in domains with reentrant corners. On a class of λ-graded meshes, we derive some new extrapolation formulas to construct a high-order approximation to the finite element solution on the next finer mesh using the numerical solutions on two-level of grids (current and previous grids). Then, this high-order approximation is used as the initial guess to reduce computational cost of the conjugate gradient method. Recursive application of this idea results in the EXCMG method proposed in this paper. Finally, numerical results for a crack problem and an L-shaped problem are presented to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed EXCMG method.
Convergence Analysis for the Chebyshev Collocation Methods to Volterra Integral Equations with a Weakly Singular Kernel
Authors: Liu Xiong , Chen Yanping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a Chebyshev-collocation spectral method is developed for Volterra integral equations (VIEs) of second kind with weakly singular kernel. We first change the equation into an equivalent VIE so that the solution of the new equation possesses better regularity. The integral term in the resulting VIE is approximated by Gauss quadrature formulas using the Chebyshev collocation points. The convergence analysis of this method is based on the Lebesgue constant for the Lagrange interpolation polynomials, approximation theory for orthogonal polynomials, and the operator theory. The spectral rate of convergence for the proposed method is established in theL∞-norm and weightedL2-norm. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Imperial History Wars
Authors: Kennedy Dane 
Published: November 2017

The history of the British Empire, a subject that had slipped into obscurity when the empire came to an end, has since made a stunning comeback, generating a series of heated debates about the causes, character, and consequences of empire. In this volume Dane Kennedy offers a wide-ranging assessment of the main schools of thought that have transformed the way we view the British Empire and the world it helped to create
Navigating a clear course through these intellectual waters requires an awareness of their shifting currents and a commitment to tracking their changing character over time. Dane Kennedy has contributed to the imperial history wars for more than thirty years, and in this volume he brings his most important writings, along with brand new material, together for the first time to provide a sweeping overview of the subject and the debates that have shaped it. The Imperial History Wars is essential reading for any student or scholar of the British Empire.
Long-path measurements of pollutants and micrometeorology over Highway 401 in Toronto
Authors: You Yuan , Staebler Ralf M. , Moussa Samar G. , Su Yushan , Munoz Tony , Stroud Craig , Zhang Junhua , Moran Michael D. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Traffic emissions contribute significantly to urban air pollution. Measurements were conducted over Highway 401 in Toronto, Canada, with a long-path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer combined with a suite of micrometeorological instruments to identify and quantify a range of air pollutants. Results were compared with simultaneous in situ observations at a roadside monitoring station, and with output from a special version of the operational Canadian air quality forecast model (GEM-MACH). Elevated mixing ratios of ammonia (0–23 ppb) were observed, of which 76 % were associated with traffic emissions. Hydrogen cyanide was identified at mixing ratios between 0 and 4 ppb. Using a simple dispersion model, an integrated emission factor of on average 2.6 g km−1 carbon monoxide was calculated for this defined section of Highway 401, which agreed well with estimates based on vehicular emission factors and observed traffic volumes. Based on the same dispersion calculations, vehicular average emission factors of 0.04, 0.36, and 0.15 g km−1 were calculated for ammonia, nitrogen oxide, and methanol, respectively.
“Told in Context.”: Dorothy Day's Previously Unpublished Reminiscence of Eugene O'Neill
Authors: Dowling Robert M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Catholic Worker Movement founder Dorothy Day's previously unpublished typescript “Told in Context” (1958), edited and with an introduction by Eugene O'Neill biographer Robert M. Dowling, contains an illuminating reminiscence of Day's storied 1917 relationship with twenty-nine-year-old Eugene O'Neill. In one of history's great ironies, the manuscript establishes that the atheist O'Neill initiated a turn to religion for Day, whom the Holy See has since named a “Servant of God”—the first step toward canonization. Along with a rare photograph of Day taken around this time, the article includes a previously unpublished photograph of the Golden Swan Café, otherwise known as the Hell Hole, the legendary Greenwich Village dive bar where Day and O'Neill frequently cavorted. In this unadorned expression of tenderness for O'Neill's memory after his death in 1953, “Told in Context” is a hopeful statement on the possible redemption for an apostate by way of a prospective saint.
An Exorcism on The Outside, or Looking into Trifles—Before Breakfast: Geopathic Crises in the Plays of Eugene O'Neill and Susan Glaspell
Authors: Hernando-Real Noelia 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Although the relationships between Eugene O'Neill's plays and those by Susan Glaspell started being studied even by the critics of the day, this comparative analysis requires further attention, above all to reassess O'Neill's early one-act plays—usually dismissed by scholars as the products of O'Neill's amateur spirit. This article invites readers to locate Glaspell's and O'Neill's plays within the theoretical framework of dramatic geopathology, which, as put forward by Una Chaudhuri, privileges the special relation between character and space as the motor that drives plot. By applying this concept, this article examines the rich net of intertextual references that go from Glaspell's Trifles to O'Neill's Before Breakfast and from Glaspell's The Outside to O'Neill's Exorcism. Overall, this article aims to show not simply that Glaspell was a determinant influence on O'Neill's dramaturgy but, more important, that the readings and interpretations of O'Neill's early plays are surprisingly different if mapped against a response to Glaspell's plays. Furthermore, this article argues that thanks to Glaspell's influence, O'Neill was able to articulate and exorcise his inner demons through these early autobiographical dramas.