bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetically encoded sensors enable real-time observation of metabolite production
Authors: Rogers Jameson K. , Church George M. 
Published: February 2016

Significance
Advances in biotechnology are enabling engineers to harness natural processes for the production of valuable new chemicals and materials. Cells engineered for chemical production act as renewable factories and redefine what is possible in industries as diverse as manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and energy. Despite this potential, long and uncertain timelines for biobased product development hinder progress. Engineering cells for chemical production is challenging because the complexity of biology necessitates many attempted designs before an optimal combination of genetic elements or culture conditions is discovered. In this work, we develop a framework that allows design evaluation to be performed with fluorescence such that microbial chemical production can be monitored in real time without the need for sample preparation or laborious analytical techniques.
Pathophysiological implication of CaV3.1 T-type Ca2+channels in trigeminal neuropathic pain
Authors: Choi Soonwook , Yu Eunah , Hwang Eunjin , Llinás Rodolfo R. 
Published: February 2016

SignificanceUnderstanding the pathophysiological mechanism of central neuropathic pain has attracted much attention, especially because neuropathic pain is often unresponsive to existing medical treatments. In this study, we investigated the role of CaV3.1 T-type Ca2+channels in the development of trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) in mice. Our results show that, intriguingly, CaV3.1 knockout mice had attenuated TNP. Specifically, we demonstrate that increased low-frequency rhythmicity and widely spread noncolumnar activity were present in wild-type TNP mice but not in knockout TNP mice. Moreover, abnormally pronounced coupling between low-frequency and high-frequency rhythms in the thalamocortical network of wild-type mice was absent in CaV3.1 knockout mice. Our results clearly imply that the presence of CaV3.1 channels is a crucial element in the pathophysiology of TNP.
Kinetic properties and substrate inhibition of α-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger
Authors: Liao Julan , Okuyama Masayuki , Ishihara Keigo , Yamori Yoshinori , Iki Shigeo , Tagami Takayoshi , Mori Haruhide , Chiba Seiya , Kimura Atsuo 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The recombinant AglB produced by Pichia pastoris exhibited substrate inhibition behavior for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl α-galactoside, whereas it hydrolyzed the natural substrates, including galactomanno-oligosaccharides and raffinose family oligosaccharides, according to the Michaelian kinetics. These contrasting kinetic behaviors can be attributed to the difference in the dissociation constant of second substrate from the enzyme and/or to the ability of the leaving group of the substrates. The enzyme displays the grater kcat/Km values for hydrolysis of the branched α-galactoside in galactomanno-oligosaccharides than that of raffinose and stachyose. A sequence comparison suggested that AglB had a shallow active-site pocket, and it can allow to hydrolyze the branched α-galactosides, but not linear raffinose family oligosaccharides.
Effect of the chelation of metal cation on the antioxidant activity of chondroitin sulfates
Authors: Ajisaka Katsumi , Oyanagi Yutaka , Miyazaki Tatsuo , Suzuki Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The antioxidant potencies of chondroitin sulfates (CSs) from shark cartilage, salmon cartilage, bovine trachea, and porcine intestinal mucosa were compared by three representative methods for the measurement of the antioxidant activity; DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. CSs from salmon cartilage and bovine trachea showed higher potency in comparison with CSs from shark cartilage and porcine intestinal mucosa. Next, CS from salmon cartilage chelating with Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, or Zn2+ were prepared, and their antioxidant potencies were compared. CS chelating with Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions showed rather decreased DPPH radical scavenging activity in comparison with CS of H+ form. In contrast, CS chelating with Ca2+ or Mg2+ ion showed remarkably enhanced superoxide radical scavenging activity than CS of H+ or Na+ form. Moreover, CS chelating with divalent metal ions, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, or Zn2+, showed noticeably higher hydroxyl radical scavenging activity than CS of H+ or Na+ form. The present results revealed that the scavenging activities of, at least, superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical were enhanced by the chelation with divalent metal ions.
Exploring the SERS background using a sandwiched graphene monolayer with gap-plasmon junctions
Authors: Park Won-Hwa , Cheong Hyeonsik 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We examine the origin of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) background mediating with a graphene monolayer at Au nanoparticle-Au thin film junctions. We find the degree of the asymmetric shape of the radial breathing like mode (RBLM) peak at 150 cm−1 is strongly correlated with the accompanied SERS background intensities. The SERS investigation with the out-of-plane modes (300~700 cm−1) of graphene gives significant clues that the SERS background, the degree of the tilted formation from the analysis of the transverse acoustic peaks, and the spectral shape of the RBLM peak are strongly correlated with each other, indicating that electron–phonon coupling plays a crucial role in increasing the SERS background.
Optical, morphological properties and surface energy of the transparent Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) thin film as anode material for secondary type batteries
Authors: Özen Soner , Şenay Volkan , Pat Suat , Korkmaz Şadan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
LTO thin film was deposited for the first time on a glass microscope slide (MS) by RF magnetron sputtering technology. This method has been suitable for preparation of high-quality thin films. The surface properties of the produced film were determined by atomic force microscope (AFM). The surface of the produced film appeared smooth and homogeneous. LTO coated on MS had compact structure and low roughness. A UV–vis spectrophotometer was used to determine intensity of light passing through the samples. Thus, according to the results obtained the produced film was highly transparent. The refractive index of the LTO thin film was presented in a low MSE value by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and it was about 1.5. The optical band gap (E
g) was determined by the Tauc method. The produced LTO thin film exhibited a wide band gap semiconductor property with a band gap energy of about 2.95 eV. Finally, the surface free energy of the LTO thin film was calculated from the contact angle measurements using the Lewis acid-base, OWRK/Fowkes, Wu and Zisman methods.
First principles many-body calculations of electronic structure and optical properties of SiC nanoribbons
Authors: Alaal Naresh , Loganathan Vaideesh , Medhekar Nikhil , Shukla Alok 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A first principles many-body approach is employed to calculate the band structure and optical response of nanometer-sized ribbons of SiC. Many-body effects are incorporated using the GW approximation, and excitonic effects are included using the Bethe–Salpeter equation. Both unpassivated and hydrogen-passivated armchair SiC nanoribbons are studied. As a consequence of low dimensionality, large quasiparticle corrections are seen to the Kohn–Sham energy gaps. In both cases quasiparticle band gaps are increased by up to 2 eV, as compared to their Kohn–Sham energy values. Inclusion of electron–hole interactions modifies the absorption spectra significantly, giving rise to strongly bound excitonic peaks in these systems. The results suggest that hydrogen passivated armchair SiC nanoribbons have the potential to be used in optoelectronic devices operating in the UV-Vis region of the spectrum. We also compute the formation energies of these nanoribbons as a function of their widths, and conclude that hydrogen-saturated ribbons will be much more stable as compared to bare ones.
Bayesian soft x-ray tomography and MHD mode analysis on HL-2A
Authors: Li Dong , Liu Yi , Svensson J. , Liu Y.Q. , Song X.M. , Yu L.M. , Mao Rui , Fu B.Z. , Deng Wei , Yuan B.S. , Ji X.Q. , Xu Yuan , Chen Wei , Zhou Yan , Yang Q.W. , Duan X.R. , Liu Yong 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A Bayesian based tomography method using so-called Gaussian processes (GPs) for the emission model has been applied to the soft x-ray (SXR) diagnostics on HL-2A tokamak. To improve the accuracy of reconstructions, the standard GP is extended to a non-stationary version so that different smoothness between the plasma center and the edge can be taken into account in the algorithm. The uncertainty in the reconstruction arising from measurement errors and incapability can be fully analyzed by the usage of Bayesian probability theory. In this work, the SXR reconstructions by this non-stationary Gaussian processes tomography (NSGPT) method have been compared with the equilibrium magnetic flux surfaces, generally achieving a satisfactory agreement in terms of both shape and position. In addition, singular-value-decomposition (SVD) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) techniques have been applied for the analysis of SXR and magnetic diagnostics, in order to explore the spatial and temporal features of the saturated long-lived magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) instability induced by energetic particles during neutral beam injection (NBI) on HL-2A. The result shows that this ideal internal kink instability has a dominant m/n  =  1/1 mode structure along with a harmonics m/n  =  2/2, which are coupled near the q  =  1 surface with a rotation frequency of 12 kHz.
Experimental analysis and WallDYN simulations of the global nitrogen migration in ASDEX Upgrade L-mode discharges
Authors: Meisl G. , Schmid K. , Oberkofler M. , Krieger K. , Lisgo S.W. , Aho-Mantila L. , Reimold F. , Lunt T. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This work presents ASDEX Upgrade experiments, where the nitrogen deposition and re-erosion on divertor manipulator samples and the effect of its transport through the plasma were studied. These results are compared to WallDYN-DIVIMP simulations based on SOLPS plasma backgrounds and employing an improved WallDYN model, which includes the effusion of nitrogen from saturated surfaces. On one hand, this allows the WallDYN code and the new saturation model with a comprehensive data set to be benchmarked, on the other hand the simulations help in the interpretation of the experimental results. Both, experimental results and simulations, show that the N content in the region of the outer strike line reaches its steady-state value within one discharge. The simulations also reproduce the experimentally observed nitrogen content in samples exposed to N2-seeded discharges. With respect to the boron deposition, the nitrogen deposition in a non-seeded discharge and the re-erosion of nitrogen discrepancies to the WallDYN-DIVIMP simulations are observed. Based on SDTrimSP simulations, these are attributed to the missing depth resolution of the WallDYN surface model. A detailed comparison of spectroscopic measurements to WallDYN simulations, based on a novel synthetic spectroscopy diagnostic for WallDYN, shows that the nitrogen fluxes in the plasma are well described by the simulations. From a comparison of several WallDYN-DIVIMP simulations employing customized onion-skin model plasma backgrounds the physical processes controlling the nitrogen concentration in the core plasma and the applicability of onion-skin model plasma backgrounds are discussed. From these simulations the private flux zone with the gas valve, the outer baffle and the high field side main wall are identified as the main sources for the nitrogen content of the core plasma.
Effects of the q profile on toroidal rotation in Alcator C-Mod LHCD plasmas
Authors: Rice J.E. , Gao C. , Mumgaard R. , Parker R.R. , Scott S.D. , Shiraiwa S. , Wallace G.M. , Bonoli P.T. , Delgado-Aparicio L. , Fenzi C. , Granetz R.S. , Greenwald M.J. , Hubbard A.E. , Hughes J.W. , Irby J.H. , Lee J.P. , Marmar E.S. , Reinke M.L. , Wolfe S.M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Changes in the core toroidal rotation profiles following injection of lower hybrid (LH) waves have been documented in Alcator C-Mod plasmas. Shot by shot scans of LH input power have been performed at fixed magnetic field and electron density for several plasma currents. For sawtoothing target plasmas, if the input power is low enough that the central safety factor q
0 remains below 1, the change in the core rotation is in the counter-current direction, consistent in sign, magnitude and LH power scaling with direct momentum input from the LH waves. If the power level is high enough that there are significant changes to the q profile, including the termination of sawtooth oscillations, the change in the toroidal rotation is in the co-current direction, consistent with changes in the momentum flux through its dependence on the current density profile. The direction of the rotation changes depends on whether q
0 is below or above unity, and seemingly not on the magnetic shear, nor the Ohmic confinement regime of the target plasma.
Interferon Lambda 4 Genotype Is Associated With Jaundice and Elevated Aminotransferase Levels During Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Findings From the InC3 Collaborative
Authors: Page Kimberly , Mirzazadeh Ali , Rice Thomas M. , Grebely Jason , Kim Arthur Y. , Cox Andrea L. , Morris Meghan D. , Hellard Margaret , Bruneau Julie , Shoukry Naglaa H. , Dore Gregory J. , Maher Lisa , Lloyd Andrew R. , Lauer Georg , Prins Maria , McGovern Barbara H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Symptomatic acute HCV infection and interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) genotypes are important predictors of spontaneous viral clearance. Using data from a multicohort database (Injecting Cohorts [InC3] Collaborative), we establish an independent association between host IFNL4 genotype and symptoms of acute hepatitis C virus infection. This association potentially explains the higher spontaneous clearance observed in some patients with symptomatic disease.
Effects of an Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine Bolus on the Postoperative Blood Pressure and Pain Subsequent to Craniotomy for Supratentorial Tumors
Authors: Yun Yue , Wang Jian , Tang Ru Rong , Yin Xiu Ru , Zhou Heng , Pei Ling 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Control of emergence hypertension and pain is important after craniotomy for monitoring the neurological status. This prospective double-blinded study investigated the hemodynamics after a single bolus of dexmedetomidine (DEX) infusion administered to the patient undergoing craniotomy under general anesthesia, and its effect on emergence hypertension and postsurgical pain.

Methods:
Adult patients scheduled for elective surgery for supratentorial tumors were randomized to receive a 10-minute intraoperative DEX infusion of 0.4 μg/kg (small dose, n=43) or 0.8 μg/kg (medium dose, n=46), or normal saline (vehicle control, n=45), ∼60 minutes before the end of anesthesia.

Results:
A transient increase in the blood pressure associated with DEX was observed; 53.5% and 91.3% of the patients in the small-dose and the medium-dose groups, respectively, required treatment. Emergence mean arterial pressure and heart rates were significantly lower in the DEX groups compared with the control group. Incidence rates of postoperative hypertension in the small-dose (16.3%) and the medium-dose groups (15.2%) were significantly lower relative to that of the control group (35.6%). Patients who received DEX had a lower Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (VNRS) score in the neurosurgical ICU than the control group, and postsurgical pain (VNRS≥4) was lower in the medium-dose group (41.3%) than in the control group (71.1%). No shivering was observed in the medium-dose group, which was significantly less than that of the other 2 groups.

Conclusions:
An intraoperative bolus of DEX risks a transient increase in mean arterial pressure, but controls emergence hypertension effectively. Dose-related reductions in postsurgical pain and shivering were observed.
Effect of Lens Care Systems on Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens Hydrophobicity
Authors: Lira Madalena , Silva Rita 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To analyze changes in wettability of hydrogel and silicone hydrogel contact lenses (CLs) when preserved in different lens care systems.

Methods:
In this research, four silicone hydrogel CLs (senofilcon A, balafilcon A, comfilcon A, and lotrafilcon B) and one conventional CL (etafilcon A) and appropriate lens care solutions (ReNu MultiPlus, Biotrue, OPTI-FREE PureMoist, and AOSept Plus) were used. Lenses were immersed in each lens care system for 12 hr and then CL hydrophobicity was determined through water contact angle (CA) measurements using the OCA 20 instrument (DataPhysics).

Results:
Mean CA values obtained when CLs were removed from blisters (baseline value) were lower for etafilcon A (49.6°±3.0°) and comfilcon A (48.0°±2.8°) and higher for senofilcon A (78.9°±2.5°), lotrafilcon B (82.6°±1.7°), and balafilcon A (91.5°±0.7°). Depending on CL and lens care combination, it was detected a statistically significant reduction by 70% of the 20 combinations studied and any significant increase in the CA. When compared to baseline values, CA varied between etafilcon A: 2° and 11°, comfilcon A: 1° and 7°, senofilcon A: 2° and 28°, lotrafilcon B: 14° and 31°, and balafilcon A: 18° and 29°. Comfilcon A was the most stable lens material presenting only one significant decrease in CA.

Conclusions:
This study reveals the existence of interactions between CL material and lens solutions that can play an important role in CL surface wettability. The major changes were obtained in lenses with higher baseline CA, which showed significant changes with each of the solutions. These differences can be positive, because in almost all of the combinations, the lenses became more wettable.
Brief Report: HIV Drug Resistance in Adults Failing Early Antiretroviral Treatment: Results From the HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 Trial
Authors: Fogel Jessica M. , Hudelson Sarah E. , Ou San-San , Hart Stephen , Wallis Carole , Morgado Mariza G. , Saravanan Shanmugam , Tripathy Srikanth , Hovind Laura , Piwowar-Manning Estelle , Sabin Devin , McCauley Marybeth , Gamble Theresa , Zhang Xinyi C. , Eron Joseph J. , Gallant Joel E. , Kumwenda Johnstone , Makhema Joseph , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Chariyalertsak Suwat , Hakim James , Badal-Faesen Sharlaa , Akelo Victor , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Santos Breno R. , Godbole Sheela V. , Pilotto Jose H. , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Panchia Ravindre , Mayer Kenneth H. , Chen Ying Q. , Cohen Myron S. , Eshleman Susan H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract:
Early initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) reduces HIV transmission and has health benefits. HIV drug resistance can limit treatment options and compromise use of ART for HIV prevention. We evaluated drug resistance in 85 participants in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 trial who started ART at CD4 counts of 350–550 cells per cubic millimeter and failed ART by May 2011; 8.2% had baseline resistance and 35.3% had resistance at ART failure. High baseline viral load and less education were associated with emergence of resistance at ART failure. Resistance at ART failure was observed in 7 of 8 (87.5%) participants who started ART at lower CD4 cell counts.
Macrocyclic and Other Non–Group 1 Gadolinium Contrast Agents Deposit Low Levels of Gadolinium in Brain and Bone Tissue
Authors: Murata Nozomu , Gonzalez-Cuyar Luis F. , Murata Kiyoko , Fligner Corinne , Dills Russell , Hippe Daniel , Maravilla Kenneth R. 
Published: February 2016

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine whether gadolinium (Gd) is deposited in brain and bone tissues in patients receiving only non–Group 1 agents, either macrocyclic or linear protein interacting Gd-based contrast agents, with normal renal function. Group 1 agents are linear agents most associated with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis that the US Federal Drug Administration has defined as contraindicated in patients at risk for this disease.

Materials and Methods
This study was institutional review board approved and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant for retrospective review of records and also had signed autopsy consent authorizing use of decedent's tissue in research studies. Tissue samples were collected from 9 decedents undergoing autopsy who had contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with only single agent exposure to a non–Group 1 Gd-based contrast agent. Decedents with only noncontrast MRI or no MRI served as controls. Multiple brain areas, including globus pallidus and dentate nucleus, as well as bone and skin, were sampled and analyzed for Gd using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Gadolinium levels were compared between groups of decedents using the Mann-Whitney test and between brain and bone tissues of the same cases using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results
Of the 9 decedents, 5 received gadoteridol (ProHance; Bracco Diagnostics, Princeton, NJ), 2 received gadobutrol (Gadovist; Bayer Healthcare, Whippany, NJ), and 1 each had gadobenate (MultiHance; Bracco Diagnostics) and gadoxetate (Eovist; Bayer Healthcare). Gadolinium was found with all agents in all brain areas sampled with highest levels in globus pallidus and dentate. Bone levels measured 23 times higher (median) than brain levels (P = 0.008 for bone vs globus pallidus) and showed a significant correlation (r = 0.81, P = 0.022). In controls, Gd levels in the brain were at or below limits of measurement and were significantly lower compared with study cases (P = 0.005 for globus pallidus).

Conclusion
Gadolinium deposition in normal brain and bone tissue occurs with macrocyclic and linear protein interacting agents in patients with normal renal function. Deposition of Gd in cortical bone occurs at much higher levels compared with brain tissue and shows a notable correlation between the two. Thus, the bone may serve as a surrogate to estimate brain deposition if brain Gd were to become a useful clinical or research marker.
Estimation of Voxelwise Effective Connectivities: Applications to High Connectivity Sub-Regions within Hippocampal and within Corticostriatal Networks
Authors: Sanchez-Romero Ruben , Ramsey Joseph D. , Liang Jackson C. , Jarbo Kevin , Glymour Clark 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStandard BOLD connectivity analyses depend on aggregating the signals of individual voxel within regions of interest (ROIs). In certain cases, this aggregation implies a loss of valuable functional and anatomical information about sub-regions of voxels that drive the ROI level connectivity. We describe a data-driven statistical search method that identifies the voxels that are chiefly responsible for exchanging signals between regions of interest that are known to be effectively connected. We apply the method to high-resolution resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from medial temporal lobe regions of interest of a single healthy individual measured repeated times over a year and a half. The method successfully recovered densely connected voxels within larger ROIs of entorhinal cortex and hippocampus subfields consistent with the well-known medial temporal lobe structural connectivity. To assess the performance of our method in more common scanning protocols we apply it to resting state fMRI data of corticostriatal regions of interest for 50 healthy individuals. The method recovered densely connected voxels within the caudate nucleus and the putamen in good qualitative agreement with structural connectivity measurements. We describe related methods for estimation of effective connections at the voxel level that merit investigation.