bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRAKTIK DAN KARAKTERISTIK GADAI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Alfisyahri Naida Nur , Siswantoro Dodik 
Published: February 2017

The practice of pawn has grown so fast in Indonesia until the last 2010 as society needed fund easily to meet their basic need such as for school fee and debt payment. This inspired some Islamic banks and pawn shops to participate in providing this service. In fact, some Islamic banks were interested in offering this service and one pawn shop which spin off their unit to Islamic one to provide this service. Thus, this research was conducted to analyze Islamic pawn (rahn) practices in Indonesia. It focuses in the practice and characteristics of pawn service on Islamic bank and pawn shop. In addition, characteristics of interested clients would be an interesting issue that is needed to be explored further. The result may indicate that Islamic banks still less efficient due to insufficient funds and pawn shop has inherent expertise in this area. In addition, precautionary motive may dominant from clientâ€™s perspective and shariah compliances are main factors why they chose rahn.
===========================================
Sampai akhir 2010, praktik Gadai di Indonesia tumbuh sangat cepat seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat akan dana cepat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar mereka. Faktor ini menginspirasi beberapa bank syariah dan lembaga pegadaian untuk membuka layanan jasa gadai di tempat mereka. Faktanya, ada beberapa bank syariah yang tertarik untuk membuka layanan jasa dengan berbasis syariah dan malah sebuah perusahaan penggadaian melakukan spin off terhadap unit usaha mereka untuk melakukan pelayanan yang berbasis syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik gadai syariah di Indonesia. Fokus kajian ini terletak pada praktik dan karakteristik dari pelayanan gadai pada perbankan syariah dan Pegadaian Syariah. Selain itu, karakteristik nasabah juga menjadi isu penting untuk dikaji. Hasil kajian ini mengindikasikan bahwa praktik gadai di perbankan syariah masih kurang efisien dibandingkan dengan praktik di Pegadaian Syariah akibat terbatasnya jumlah dana yang tersedia, dan minimnya pengalaman mereka bermain dalam sektor ini. Dari perspektif nasabah, motif keamanan dan kesesuaiannya dengan ketentuan syariah masih menjadi faktor dominan dalam pemilihan gadai syariah.
THE PERFORMANCE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT SCHEME IN ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH FROM AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Islam Mohammad Saiful 
Published: February 2017

Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL) is one of the leading and efficient financial institutions in the globe. The Rural Development Scheme (RDS) has become an exclusive domain to play a significant role in increasing the performance of development in nation building. As a result, IBBL is playing a vital role in the rural area in applying the RDS for poverty alleviation. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of the RDS of IBBL in the rural area. This paper will also discuss the achievements of this scheme in the present context to evaluate its performance. Finally, the researcher will come up with some suggestions and recommendations for further improvement.
===========================================
Bank Islami Bangladesh Limited (IBBL) adalah salah satu lembaga keuangan terkemuka dan efisien di dunia. â€œSkema Pembangunan Pedesaanâ€ (RDS) telah menjadi suatu domain yang ekslusif dalam memainkan peranan yang signifikan bagi peningkatan performa dalam pembangunan negara. Sebagai hasilnya, IBBL memainkan peranan yang penting di daerah pedesaan dalam mengaplikasikan skama RDS bagi upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa performa skema RDS dari IBBL di daerah pedesaan. Paper ini juga akan mendiskusikan pencapaian skaema ini dalam konteks saat ini guna mengevaluasi performanya. Pada akhirnya, peneliti akan menyampaikan beberapa saran dan rekomendasi untuk peningkatan di masa yang akan datang.
Financial Reporting Quality and Auditor Locality Contagion
Authors: Diaz Jamie , Martin Gregory W. , Thomas Wayne B. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARY
Research in information economics seeks to understand how the actions of one individual affect the decisions of related individuals. We examine this issue in the context of information contagion between audit offices in the same locality. Specifically, we investigate whether contagion among Big N audit offices in the same metropolitan statistical area (MSA) causes their client firms' financial reporting quality to correlate. We document a relation between overstatement of earnings for one firm (as evidenced by a subsequent restatement) and higher abnormal accruals for another firm in that same year, where both firms' auditors are located in the same MSA. The correlation in reporting quality is consistent with contagion in practices between auditors. We also find evidence that auditor competition is one channel through which information contagion occurs. The between-audit office contagion we document is incremental to within-audit office contagion documented by prior research. Our evidence is important in understanding additional factors related to the quality of auditing and financial reporting and thus should be relevant to audit committees, regulators attempting to improve audit quality, and stakeholders in general.
XBRL Adoption and Bank Loan Contracting: Early Evidence
Authors: Chen Gary , Kim Jeong-Bon , Lim Jee-Hae , Zhou Jie 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
We examine how the adoption of the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) for financial reporting impacts the pricing of bank loans. Using a sample of loans granted to U.S. borrowers from 2007–2013, we find that the adoption of XBRL is associated with a reduction in loan spreads. We further find that the reduction in loan spreads is greater for borrowers who have information that is inherently costlier to process. Results from a difference-in-differences specification along with other alternative research designs provide similar inferences. Subsequent to XBRL adoption, we further show that loan spreads are lower for firms that use more standardized XBRL tags and greater for those that use more extension elements. Overall, our results are consistent with the view that the XBRL mandate brings about an environment that enables lenders to gather and process information in a timelier manner and at a lower cost.
JEL Classifications: M41; K22.
Morphological relationship analysis of impacted maxillary canines and the adjacent teeth on 3-dimensional reconstructed CT images
Authors: Kim Yoojun , Hyun Hong-Keun , Jang Ki-Taeg 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To examine whether there is a relationship between maxillary canine impaction and the morphologic characteristics of the maxillary dentition, especially the root of the lateral incisor.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, we selected only patients with unilateral maxillary canine impaction to compare the morphologic characteristics of the dentition on the impaction side and the clinically normal eruption side. The sample size was decided to be 40 based on the pilot study. To minimize bias depending on sex and location of the maxillary canine impaction, we selected equal numbers (20) of boys and girls, and equal cases (20) of buccal impaction and palatal impaction. Under the aforementioned conditions, the mean age was 13.5 ± 2.3 years. The multislice spiral computed tomography images of these 40 subjects were converted into three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images using the OnDemand 3D program (Cybermed Co, Seoul, Korea). Then we measured the morphologic characteristics of the individual teeth on the obtained 3D teeth images.

Results:
Length and volume of the maxillary lateral incisor's roots were significantly smaller on the impaction side compared with the normal eruption side (P = 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively). The width and volume of the canine's crown were significantly greater on the impaction side compared with the normal eruption side (P = 0.020 and P &lt; .0001, respectively).

Conclusion:
These results might help to prove the hypothesis that the smaller-sized lateral incisor roots and greater-sized canine crowns are the influential etiologic factors in maxillary canine impaction.
Is lumbar facet fusion biomechanically equivalent to lumbar posterolateral onlay fusion?
Authors: Toth Jeffrey M. , Foley Kevin T. , Wang Mei , Seim Howard B. , Simon Turner A. 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVEThis study was designed with the following research objectives: 1) to determine the efficacy of facet fusion with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2 (rhBMP-2) on an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) in an ovine lumbar facet fusion model; 2) to radiographically and histologically compare the efficacy of lumbar facet fusion with rhBMP-2/ACS to facet fusion with an iliac crest bone graft (ICBG); and 3) to biomechanically compare lumbar facet fusion with rhBMP-2/ACS to lumbar posterolateral fusion (PLF) with ICBG.METHODSThe efficacies of the 3 treatments to induce fusion were evaluated in an instrumented ovine lumbar fusion model. Eight sheep had 10 cm3/side ICBG placed as an onlay graft for PLF at L2–3. At the adjacent L3–4 level, 0.5 cm3/side ICBG was placed for facet fusion. Finally, 0.5 cm3/side rhBMP-2/ACS (0.43 mg/ml) was placed for facet fusion at L4–5. CT scans were obtained at 2, 4, and 6 months postoperatively with 2 reviewers conducting an evaluation of the 6-month results for all treated spinal levels. All 8 sheep were killed at 6 months, and all posterolateral instrumentation was removed at this time. The spines were then sectioned through L3–4 to allow for nondestructive unconstrained biomechanical testing of the L2–3 and L4–5 segments. All treated spinal levels were analyzed using undecalcified histology with corresponding microradiography. Statistical comparisons were made between the treatment groups.RESULTSThe PLF with ICBG (ICBG PLF group) and the rhBMP-2 facet fusion (rhBMP-2 Facet group) treatment groups demonstrated similar levels of stiffness, with the rhBMP-2 Facet group having on average slightly higher stiffness in all 6 loading directions. All 8 levels in the autograft facet fusion treatment group demonstrated CT radiographic and histological fusion. All 8 levels in the rhBMP-2 Facet group showed bilateral CT radiographic and histological fusion. Six of 16 rhBMP-2/ACS-treated facet defects demonstrated small intraosseous hematomas or seromas. Four of the 8 levels (50%) in the ICBG PLF treatment group demonstrated bilateral histological fusion. Three of 8 levels in the ICBG PLF treatment group showed unilateral fusion. One of the 8 levels in the ICBG PLF treatment group demonstrated bilateral histological nonfusion.CONCLUSIONSBoth rhBMP-2/ACS and autograft demonstrated 100% efficacy when used for facet fusion in the instrumented ovine model. However, the ICBG PLF treatment group only demonstrated a 50% bilateral fusion rate. Biomechanically, the ICBG PLF and rhBMP-2 Facet groups demonstrated similar stiffness in all 6 loading directions, with the rhBMP-2 Facet group having on average slightly higher stiffness in all directions.
BACE1 Dynamics Upon Inhibition with a BACE Inhibitor and Correlation to Downstream Alzheimer’s Disease Markers in Elderly Healthy Participants
Authors: Timmers Maarten , Barão Soraia , Van Broeck Bianca , Tesseur Ina , Slemmon John , De Waepenaert Katja , Bogert Jennifer , Shaw Leslie M. , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Moechars Dieder , Mercken Marc , Van Nueten Luc , Tritsmans Luc , de Strooper Bart , Streffer Johannes Rolf 
Published: February 2017

The β-site amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) is the rate limiting enzyme in the generation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) from AβPP, one of the major pathways in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Increased BACE1 levels and activity have been reported in the brain of patients with sporadic AD. Therefore, changes of BACE1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have also been investigated as a possible biomarker of the disease. We analyzed BACE1 levels in CSF of elderly healthy participants before and after chronic treatment with a BACE inhibitor (BACEi) and evaluated the correlation between BACE1 levels and downstream AD markers. Overall, BACE1 CSF levels showed strong correlations to all downstream AD markers investigated. This is the first reported finding that shows BACE1 levels in CSF were well correlated to its end product Aβ1 - 42. As previously described, BACE1 levels were strongly correlated to total-tau and phosphorylated tau levels in CSF. Generally, chronic BACE inhibition did not influence BACE1 CSF protein levels. Follow-up studies including early-stage AD pathophysiology and prodromal AD patients will help to understand the importance of measuring BACE1 routinely in daily clinical practice and AD clinical trials.
Only White Matter Hyperintensities Predicts Post-Stroke Cognitive Performances Among Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Markers: Results from the TABASCO Study
Authors: Molad Jeremy , Kliper Efrat , Korczyn Amos D. , Ben Assayag Einor , Ben Bashat Dafna , Shenhar-Tsarfaty Shani , Aizenstein Orna , Shopin Ludmila , Bornstein Natan M. , Auriel Eitan 
Published: February 2017

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) were shown to predict cognitive decline following stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). However, WMH are only one among other radiological markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether adding other SVD markers to WMH improves prediction of post-stroke cognitive performances. Methods: Consecutive first-ever stroke or TIA patients ( n = 266) from the Tel Aviv Acute Brain Stroke Cohort (TABASCO) study were enrolled. MRI scans were performed within seven days of stroke onset. We evaluated the relationship between cognitive performances one year following stroke, and previously suggested total SVD burden score including WMH, lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMB), and perivascular spaces (PVS). Results: Significant negative associations were found between WMH and cognition ( p < 0.05). Adding other SVD markers (lacunes, CMB, PVS) to WMH did not improve predication of post-stroke cognitive performances. Negative correlations between SVD burden score and cognitive scores were observed for global cognitive, memory, and visual spatial scores (all p < 0.05). However, following an adjustment for confounders, no associations remained significant. Conclusion: WMH score was associated with poor post-stroke cognitive performance. Adding other SVD markers or SVD burden score, however, did not improve prediction.
Combination Therapy with Zonisamide and Antiparkinson Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Matsunaga Shinji , Kishi Taro , Iwata Nakao 
Published: February 2017

Background: There is uncertainty about the efficacy and tolerability of zonisamide for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: We performed a meta-analysis of zonisamide treatment in PD patients who received antiparkinson drugs such as levodopa. Methods: The primary outcome measures were the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III scores, wearing-off time, and discontinuation rate due to all causes. Secondary outcome measures were UPDRS total and subscale scores; discontinuation rates due to adverse events, inefficacy, and death; and individual adverse events. Results: Four randomized placebo-controlled trials including 1,068 PD patients were analyzed. All studies were conducted in Japan. UPDRS Part III scores were significantly lower with zonisamide than with placebo (weighted mean difference [WMD], –2.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]; –4.20 to –0.92; p = 0.002). Further, zonisamide significantly decreased the wearing-off time compared with placebo (standardized mean difference, –0.24; 95% CI, –0.39 to –0.09; p = 0.001). Discontinuation rates due to all causes were similar between the zonisamide and placebo groups (risk ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.84; p = 0.16). While zonisamide also decreased both UPDRS Part II (off-time) and UPDRS total scores compared to placebo (UPDRS Part II [off-time] scores: WMD, –0.79; UPDRS total scores: WMD, –2.51), there were no significant differences in other secondary outcomes between the two groups. Conclusions: Our results suggested that zonisamide combination therapy was beneficial in treating motor symptoms in PD patients receiving antiparkinson drugs and was well tolerated in Japanese patients. Future studies in populations other than the Japanese are needed.
Characterization of X-ray scattering for various phantoms and clinical breast geometries using breast CT on a dedicated hybrid system
Authors: Shah Jainil P. , Mann Steve D. , Tornai Martin P. 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to utilize a dedicated breast CT system using a 2D beam stop array to physically evaluate the scatter to primary ratios (SPRs) of different geometric phantoms and prospectively acquired clinical patient data. METHODS: Including clinically unrealizable compositions of 100% glandular and 100% fat, projection images were acquired using three geometrically different phantoms filled with fluids simulating breast tissue. The beam stop array method was used for measuring scatter in projection space, and creating the scatter corrected primary images. 2D SPRs were calculated. Additionally, a new figure of merit, the 3D normalized scatter contribution (NSC) volumes were calculated. RESULTS: The 2D SPR values (0.52–1.10) were primarily dependent on phantom geometry; a secondary dependence was due to their uniform density; 2D SPRs were low frequency and smoothly varying in the uniformly filled phantoms. SPRs of clinical patient data followed similar trends as phantoms, but with noticeable deviations and high frequency components due to the heterogeneous distribution of glandular tissue. The maximum measured patient 2D SPRs were all <0.6, even for the largest diameter breast. These results demonstrate modest scatter components with changing object geometries and densities; the 3D NSC volumes with higher frequency components help visualize scatter distribution throughout the reconstructed image volumes. Furthermore, the SPRs in the heterogeneous clinical breast cases were underestimated by the equivalent density, uniformly filled phantoms. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide guidance on the use of uniformly distributed density and differently shaped phantoms when considering simulations. They also clearly demonstrate that results from patients can vary considerably from 2D SPRs of uniformly simulated phantoms.
Using International Law to Protect Children Affected by HIV/AIDS in South Africa – An Audit of HIV/AIDS-Specific International Standards Relevant to Children Affected by HIV/AIDS
Authors: Sarumi Rofiah O. , Strode Ann E. 
Published: February 2017

The protection of children as members of a vulnerable group in the society is important as they represent the future of the society. With the grave impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on global development and stability, the United Nations (UN) has, on several occasions acknowledged the need for member states to take a more progressive role in laying down standards which would ensure that the rights of children living with HIV/AIDS are protected. South Africa as a member of the UN has acknowledged the important role which international law plays in the protection of children generally, and those affected by HIV/AIDS specifically. It is the duty of UN member states to ensure that the standards set out in international instruments are applied in their national legislation and policies. South Africa has ratified a number of the international instruments applicable to the protection of children affected by HIV/AIDS. It is therefore required to adjust its national laws to conform to the standards set out in these instruments. This paper looks at the extent to which international law is applicable to addressing the human rights issues facing children affected by HIV/AIDS. It also suggests ways by which the instruments can be employed for the protection of children affected by HIV/AIDS.
Measuring the Scatter of the Mass–Richness Relation in Galaxy Clusters in Photometric Imaging Surveys by Means of Their Correlation Function
Authors: Campa Julia , Estrada Juan , Flaugher Brenna 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Knowledge of the scatter in the mass-observable relation is a key ingredient for a cosmological analysis based on galaxy clusters in a photometric survey. In this paper we aim to quantify the capability of the correlation function of galaxy clusters to constrain the intrinsic scatter

. We demonstrate how the linear bias measured in the correlation function of clusters can be used to determine the value of this parameter. The new method is tested in simulations of a

optical survey up to

, similar to the ongoing Dark Energy Survey (DES). Our results show that our method works better at lower scatter values. We can measure the intrinsic scatter

with a standard deviation of

using this technique. However, the expected intrinsic scatter of the DES RedMaPPer cluster catalog

cannot be recovered with this method at suitable accuracy and precision because the area coverage is insufficient. For future photometric surveys with a larger area such as LSST and Euclid, the statistical errors will be reduced. Therefore, we forecast higher precision to measure the intrinsic scatter including the value mentioned before. We conclude that this method can be used as an internal consistency check method on their simplifying assumptions and complementary to cross-calibration techniques in multiwavelength cluster observations.
An Assessment of Pathology Resident Access to and Use of Technology: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Vallangeon Bethany D. , Hawley Jeffrey S. , Sloane Richard , Bean Sarah M. 
Published: February 2017

Context.—
Current technologies including digital slide scanners and handheld devices can revolutionize clinical practice and pathology graduate medical education (GME). The extent to which these technologies are used in pathology GME is unknown.

Objectives.—
To determine the types of technologies used, usage amount, and how they are integrated into pathology residency/fellowship programs nationwide.

Design.—
A 40-question online survey for residents/fellows was developed and administered via the Research Electronic Data Capture System after institutional review board approval.

Results.—
Fifty-two program directors (37%) gave permission for participation. One-hundred seventy-one responses were received (18% response rate). Most respondents have access to personal technology (laptop = 78% [134 of 171]), smartphone = 81% [139 of 171], tablet = 49% [84 of 171]), and Web-based digital slide collections (82%, 141 of 171). Few residents are provided electronic devices by their programs (laptop = 22% [38 of 171], smartphone = 0.5% [1 of 171], and tablet = 12% [21 of 171]). Fifty-nine percent have access to digital slide scanners, 33% have access to a program-created database of digitized slides, and 52% use telepathology. Fifteen percent have access to asynchronous learning. Of those with access to video-recorded conferences, 89% review them. Program size was significantly positively correlated with resident access to program-provided laptops (P = .02) and tablets (P &lt; .001), digital slide scanners (P = .01), and telepathology (P = .001). Of all devices, program-provided laptops are used most for professional work (60.5% use this device for more than 5 hours per day).

Conclusions.—
Most residents report access to multiple types of innovative technology, but incorporation of these tools within pathology training programs is highly variable. Opportunities for incorporating innovative technologies exist and could be further explored.