bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic NPV: Real Options and Strategic Games under Different Information Structures
Authors: Smit Han T. J. , Trigeorgis Lenos 
Published: April 2017

Research summary: Among the most difficult firm strategic choices is the trade‐off between making a long‐term commitment or holding off on investment in the face of uncertainty. To operationalize strategic management theory under demand, technological and competitive uncertainty, we develop a Strategic Net Present Value (NPV) framework that integrates real options and game theory to quantify value components and interactions at the interface between NPV, real options, and strategic games. Our approach results in new propositions clarifying the way learning‐experience conditions, technological uncertainty, and proprietary information interact to tilt the balance in the interplay between wait‐and‐see flexibility and strategic commitment. As such, Strategic NPV adds to our understanding of the conditions where NPV, real options, or strategic thinking are more relevant.Managerial summary: This study develops and elucidates implementation of a new valuation construct, “Strategic Net Present Value (NPV),” that integrates real options and game theory to more accurately portray strategic decisions underlying management theory. Among the most difficult firm strategic choices in capital intensive industries, such as energy, mining, chip manufacturing, and infrastructure development, is the trade‐off between making a long‐term commitment or holding off on investment in the face of demand, technological, and competitive uncertainties. The study provides new insights on the way various conditions, such as learning‐experience effects, technological uncertainty, and proprietary information, interact to tilt the balance in the interplay between commitment and wait‐and‐see flexibility. As such, Strategic NPV adds to our understanding of when NPV, real options, or strategic thinking matter more critically for decision making. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of the Drygalski Ice Tongue on the local ocean
Authors: Stevens Craig , Sang Lee Won , Fusco Giannetta , Yun Sukyoung , Grant Brett , Robinson Natalie , Yeon Hwang Chung 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
The Drygalski Ice Tongue presents an ~80 km long floating obstacle to alongshore flows in the Victoria Land coastal ocean region of the Western Ross Sea. Here we use oceanographic data from near to the tongue to explore the interplay between the floating glacier and the local currents and stratification. A vessel-based circuit of the glacier, recording ocean temperature and salinity profiles, reveals the southwest corner to be the coldest and most complex in terms of vertical structure. The southwest corner structure beneath the surface warm, salty layer sustains a block of very cold water extending to 200 m depth. In this same location there was a distinct layer at 370 m not seen anywhere else of water at ~−1.93°C. The new observations broadly, but not directly, support the presence of a coherent Victoria Land Coastal Current. The data suggest the northward moving coastal current turns against the Coriolis force and works its way anticlockwise around the glacier, but with leakage beneath the glacier through the highly ‘rippled’ underside, resulting in a spatially heterogeneous supply to the Terra Nova Bay Polynya region – an important location for the formation of high-salinity shelf water.
Adenosine Triphosphate Quantification Correlates Poorly with Microbial Contamination of Duodenoscopes
Authors: Olafsdottir Lovisa B. , Wright Sharon B. , Smithey Anne , Heroux Riley , Hirsch Elizabeth B. , Chen Alice , Lane Benjamin , Sawhney Mandeep S. , Snyder Graham M. 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to quantify the correlation between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements and bacterial cultures from duodenoscopes for evaluation of contamination following high-level disinfection.

DESIGN
Duodenoscopes used for any intended endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure were included. Microbiologic and ATP data were collected concomitantly and in the same manner from ERCP duodenoscopes.

SETTING
A high-volume endoscopy unit at a tertiary referral acute-care facility.

METHODS
Duodenoscopes were sampled for ATP and bacterial contamination in a contemporaneous and highly standardized fashion using a “flush-brush-flush” method for the working channel (WC) and a dry flocked swab for the elevator mechanism (EM). Specimens were processed for any aerobic bacterial growth (colony-forming units, CFU). Growth of CFU&gt;0 and ATP relative light unit (RLU)&gt;0 was considered a contaminated result. Frequency of discord between among WC and EM measurements were calculated using 2×2 contingency tables. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to calculate the relatedness of bacterial contamination and ATP as continuous measurements.

RESULTS
The Spearman correlation coefficient did not demonstrate significant relatedness between ATP and CFU for either a WC or EM site. Among 390 duodenoscope sampling events, ATP and CFU assessments of contamination were discordant in 82 of 390 WC measurements (21%) and 331 of 390 of EM measurements (84.9%). The EM was frequently and markedly positive by ATP measurement.

CONCLUSION
ATP measurements correlate poorly with a microbiologic standard assessing duodenoscope contamination, particularly for EM sampling. ATP may reflect biological material other than nonviable aerobic bacteria and may not serve as an adequate marker of bacterial contamination.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:678–684
From VAP to VAE: Implications of the New CDC Definitions on a Burn Intensive Care Unit Population
Authors: Lachiewicz Anne M. , Weber David J. , van Duin David , Carson Shannon S. , DiBiase Lauren M. , Jones Samuel W. , Rutala William A. , Cairns Bruce A. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E. 
Published: April 2017

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a frequent complication of severe burn injury. Comparing the current ventilator-associated event-possible VAP definition to the pre-2013 VAP definition, we identified considerably fewer VAP cases in our burn ICU. The new definition does not capture many VAP cases that would have been reported using the pre-2013 definition.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:867–869
Dynamic capabilities and organizational performance: The mediating role of innovation
Authors: Zhou Steven S , Zhou Abby J , Feng Junzheng , Jiang Shisong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHow firms’ dynamic capabilities lead to their competitive advantage and improved firm performance has been a core issue and full of debates. In this research, we theorize that dynamic capabilities, which could be defined by three distinct dimensions (sensing capability, integration capability, and reconfiguration capability), facilitate different types of innovation that in turn improve firm performance. Based on a sample of 204 Chinese firms, results from partial least squares structural equation modeling analyses generally support our arguments despite some nuanced differences existing among different dimensions of dynamic capabilities. This study contributes to dynamic capabilities literature by reducing the scarcity of empirical research and by uncovering the mechanisms through which dynamic capabilities influence firm performance.
Scattering Polarisation of the d-States of Ions and Solar Magnetic Field: Effects of Isotropic Collisions
Authors: Derouich M. , Basurah H. , Badruddin B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnalysis of solar magnetic fields using observations as well as theoretical interpretations of the scattering polarisation is commonly designated as a high priority area of the solar research. The interpretation of the observed polarisation raises a serious theoretical challenge to the researchers involved in this field. In fact, realistic interpretations need detailed investigations of the depolarising collisions.The goal of this paper is to determine new relationships which allow the calculation of any collisional rates of the d-levels of ions by simply determining the value of n* and Ep without the need of determining treating the collisional problem.In this work, we applied our collisional code to a large number of cases involving complex and simple ions. After that, the results are injected in a genetic programming code in order to infer original relationships which will be of great help to solar applications. We discussed the accuracy of our collisional rates in the cases of complex atoms and atoms with hyperfine structure.We compared the results obtained through the new relationships with the results obtained directly by running our code of collisions. The percentage of error is about 10% in the average value.
Zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions of the Chencai migmatite, central Zhejiang Province, South China: constraints on the early Palaeozoic orogeny
Authors: LI LONGMING , LIN SHOUFA , LI JIANHUA , HE JIAN , GE YANPENG 
Published: April 2017

AbstractU–Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions of zircons from the Chencai complex in Zhejiang Province have been determined to provide constraints on mechanisms of migmatization and tectonic evolution related to the early Palaeozoic orogeny in the Cathaysia Block, South China. Zircons from leucosome samples of migmatites are characterized by nebulous overgrowths enclosing inherited cores or occur as newly formed grains with weak zoning. Five samples gave weighted mean ages ranging from 438±3 Ma to 432±4 Ma, which are interpreted as recording the time of anatexis of a regional tectono-thermal event. TheirεHf(t) values range from −21.4 to −4.8 (with peak at −11), with correspondingTDM2ages of 1.73–2.77 Ga (with peak atc.1.9–2.3 Ga), suggesting that the protoliths formed by reworking of ancient crust evolved from Late Palaeoproterozoic – early Archaean crust–mantle differentiation. The migmatization was spatially and temporally associated with reported 460–435 Ma metamorphism with a clockwise pressure–temperature (P–T) path and was most likely controlled by crustal thickening driven by the early Palaeozoic orogenesis. TheTDM2ages of the Chencai complex are consistent with those of the Wuyi–Yunkai structural belt in the Cathaysia Block, but distinct from those (with peak at 2.7–3.0 Ga) of the Badu complex which lacks early Palaeozoic tectono-thermal records. The data support the suggestion that a postulated geological entity, instead of the east domain (the Badu complex being its main part) of the Cathaysia Block, was probably involved in the early Palaeozoic orogeny.
Active surveillance management of head and neck paragangliomas: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Harrison L , Corbridge R 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground:Head and neck paragangliomas are rare. They are usually slow-growing, benign, non-catecholamine secreting tumours, traditionally treated with surgical excision. Complications of surgical excision include lower cranial nerve palsies, stroke and death.Method:A retrospective case note analysis was conducted of patients with head and neck paragangliomas treated with a watch-and-scan policy from March 2003 to September 2015, and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results:Fifteen head and neck paragangliomas were identified. None of the patients developed a new lower cranial nerve palsy or progression of their presenting hearing loss during the follow-up period. Five patients displayed an increase in maximum linear dimension of 4 mm over an average of 57.4 months. A review of the literature showed that a watch-and-surveillance scan policy is evolving as a treatment option for head and neck paragangliomas without malignant risk factors.Conclusion:Readily available surveillance scanning in head and neck paragangliomas enables the monitoring of head and neck paragangliomas, which may allow for avoidance of major surgery.
Facial carbuncle – a new method of conservative surgical management plus irrigation with antibiotic-containing solution
Authors: Ngui L X , Wong L S , Shashi G , Abu Bakar M N 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjective:This paper reports on a non-conventional method for the management of facial carbuncles, highlighting its superiority over conventional surgical treatment in terms of cosmetic outcome and shorter duration of wound healing.Background:The mainstay of treatment for carbuncles involves the early administration of antibiotics in combination with surgical intervention. The conventional saucerisation, or incision and drainage, under normal circumstances results in moderate to large wounds, which may need secondary surgery such as skin grafting, resulting in a longer duration of wound healing and jeopardising cosmetic outcome.Case reports:The reported three cases presented with extensive carbuncles over the chin, face and lips region. In addition to early commencement of intravenous antibiotics, the pus was drained, with minimal incision and conservative wound debridement, with the aim of maximal skin conservation. This was followed by thrice-daily irrigation with antibiotic-containing solution for a minimum of 2 consecutive days. The wounds healed within two to four weeks, without major cosmetic compromise.Conclusion:The new method showed superior cosmetic outcomes, with a shorter duration of wound healing. Conservative surgical management can be performed under regional anaesthesia, which may reduce morbidity and mortality; patients with facial carbuncles often have higher risks with general anaesthesia.
Do DSM-5 Section II personality disorders and Section III personality trait domains reflect the same genetic and environmental risk factors?
Authors: Reichborn-Kjennerud T. , Krueger R. F. , Ystrom E. , Torvik F. A. , Rosenström T. H. , Aggen S. H. , South S. C. , Neale M. C. , Knudsen G. P. , Kendler K. S. , Czajkowski N. O. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundDSM-5 includes two conceptualizations of personality disorders (PDs). The classification in Section II is identical to the one found in DSM-IV, and includes 10 categorical PDs. The Alternative Model (Section III) includes criteria for dimensional measures of maladaptive personality traits organized into five domains. The degree to which the two conceptualizations reflect the same etiological factors is not known.MethodsWe use data from a large population-based sample of adult twins from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel on interview-based DSM-IV PDs and a short self-report inventory that indexes the five domains of the DSM-5 Alternative Model plus a domain explicitly targeting compulsivity. Schizotypal, Paranoid, Antisocial, Borderline, Avoidant, and Obsessive-compulsive PDs were assessed at the same time as the maladaptive personality traits and 10 years previously. Schizoid, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Dependent PDs were only assessed at the first interview. Biometric models were used to estimate overlap in genetic and environmental risk factors.ResultsWhen measured concurrently, there was 100% genetic overlap between the maladaptive trait domains and Paranoid, Schizotypal, Antisocial, Borderline, and Avoidant PDs. For OCPD, 43% of the genetic variance was shared with the domains. Genetic correlations between the individual domains and PDs ranged from +0.21 to +0.91.ConclusionThe pathological personality trait domains, which are part of the Alternative Model for classification of PDs in DSM-5 Section III, appears to tap, at an aggregate level, the same genetic risk factors as the DSM-5 Section II classification for most of the PDs.
Governing populations through the humanitarian government of refugees: Biopolitical care and racism in the European refugee crisis
Authors: Mavelli Luca 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe notion of humanitarian government has been increasingly employed to describe the simultaneous and conflicting deployment of humanitarianism and security in the government of ‘precarious lives’ such as refugees. This article argues that humanitarian government shouldalsobe understood as the biopolitical government of host populationsthroughthe humanitarian government of refugees. In particular, it explores how the biopolitical governmentality of the UK decision to suspend search-and-rescue operations in the Mediterranean in 2014, and the British rejection and German welcoming of Syrian refugees primarily concern thebiologicalandemotionalcare of the British and German populations. To this end, the article analyses how dynamics of inclusion/exclusion of refugees have been informed by a biopolitical racism that redraws the boundary between ‘valuable’ (to be included) and ‘not valuable’ (to be excluded) lives according to the refugees’ capacity to enhance the biological and emotional well-being of host populations. This discussion aims to contribute to three interrelated fields of research – namely, humanitarian government, biopolitical governmentality, and responses to the European refugee crisis – by exploring how biopolitics has shaped the British and German responses to the crisis and how it encompasses more meanings and rationalities than currently recognised by existing scholarship on humanitarian government.
Global importation and population risk factors for measles in New Zealand: a case study for highly immunized populations
Authors: HAYMAN D. T. S. , MARSHALL J. C. , FRENCH N. P. , CARPENTER T. E. , ROBERTS M. G. , KIEDRZYNSKI T. 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYAs endemic measles is eliminated through immunization, countries must determine the risk factors for the importation of measles into highly immunized populations to target control measures. Despite eliminating endemic measles, New Zealand suffers from outbreaks after introductions from abroad, enabling us to use it as a model for measles introduction risk. We used a generalized linear model to analyze risk factors for 1137 measles cases from 2007 to June 2014, provide estimates of national immunity levels, and model measles importation risk. People of European ethnicity made up the majority of measles cases. Age is a positive risk factor, particularly 0–2-year-olds and 5–17-year-old Europeans, along with increased wealth. Pacific islanders were also at greater risk, but due to 0–2-year-old cases. Despite recent high measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine immunization coverage, overall population immunity against measles remains ~90% and is lower in people born between 1982 and 2005. Greatest measles importation risk is during December, and countries predicted to be sources have historical connections and highest travel rates (Australia and UK), followed by Asian countries with high travel rates and higher measles incidences. Our results suggest measles importation due to travel is seeding measles outbreaks, and immunization levels are insufficient to continue to prevent outbreaks because of heterogeneous immunity in the population, leaving particular age groups at risk.
Improving Sensitivity to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment: Cognitive Load Dual-Task Gait Speed Assessment
Authors: MacAulay Rebecca K. , Wagner Mark T. , Szeles Dana , Milano Nicholas J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectives:Longitudinal research indicates that cognitive load dual-task gait assessment is predictive of cognitive decline and thus might provide a sensitive measure to screen for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, research among older adults being clinically evaluated for cognitive concerns, a defining feature of MCI, is lacking. The present study investigated the effect of performing a cognitive task on normal walking speed in patients presenting to a memory clinic with cognitive complaints.Methods:Sixty-one patients with a mean age of 68 years underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing, clinical interview, and gait speed (simple- and dual-task conditions) assessments. Thirty-four of the 61 patients met criteria for MCI.Results:Repeated measure analyses of covariance revealed that greater age and MCI both significantly associated with slower gait speed,ps<.05. Follow-up analysis indicated that the MCI group had significantly slower dual-task gait speed but did not differ in simple-gait speed. Multivariate linear regression across groups found that executive attention performance accounted for 27.4% of the variance in dual-task gait speed beyond relevant demographic and health risk factors.Conclusions:The present study increases the external validity of dual-task gait assessment of MCI. Differences in dual-task gait speed appears to be largely attributable to executive attention processes. These findings have clinical implications as they demonstrate expected patterns of gait-brain behavior relationships in response to a cognitive dual task within a clinically representative population. Cognitive load dual-task gait assessment may provide a cost efficient and sensitive measure to detect older adults at high risk of a dementia disorder. (JINS, 2017,23, 493–501)
Religious Change, Political Incentives, and Explaining Religious-Secular Relations in the United States and the Philippines
Authors: Buckley David T. , Wilcox Clyde 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe interactions between religious and secular elites differ across societies, and those interactions may evolve differently even in the face of similarly controversial issues. What explains variation in relations between religious and secular elites in comparative settings? We highlight the links between religious change, political incentives, and the level of conflict or cooperation between religious and secular actors in public life. We illustrate distinct patterns of religious-secular relations with a paired comparison of two democracies with an intertwined history: the United States and the Philippines. In the United States, religious-secular relations have becoming increasingly conflictual as political incentives have changed in response to religious change. In the Philippines, in contrast, religious and secular actors maintain cooperative ties in part because relative religious stability has diminished political incentives to stoke religious-secular tensions.
Contrasting evolutionary genome dynamics between domesticated and wild yeasts
Authors: Yue Jia-Xing , Li Jing , Aigrain Louise , Hallin Johan , Persson Karl , Oliver Karen , Bergström Anders , Coupland Paul , Warringer Jonas , Lagomarsino Marco Cosentino , Fischer Gilles , Durbin Richard , Liti Gianni 
Published: April 2017

AbstractStructural rearrangements have long been recognized as an important source of genetic variation, with implications in phenotypic diversity and disease, yet their detailed evolutionary dynamics remain elusive. Here we use long-read sequencing to generate end-to-end genome assemblies for 12 strains representing major subpopulations of the partially domesticated yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand its wild relativeSaccharomyces paradoxus. These population-level high-quality genomes with comprehensive annotation enable precise definition of chromosomal boundaries between cores and subtelomeres and a high-resolution view of evolutionary genome dynamics. In chromosomal cores,S. paradoxusshows faster accumulation of balanced rearrangements (inversions, reciprocal translocations and transpositions), whereasS. cerevisiaeaccumulates unbalanced rearrangements (novel insertions, deletions and duplications) more rapidly. In subtelomeres, both species show extensive interchromosomal reshuffling, with a higher tempo inS. cerevisiae. Such striking contrasts between wild and domesticated yeasts are likely to reflect the influence of human activities on structural genome evolution.