bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La question de la nationalité des sportifs camerounais : enjeux et défis à l'aune de la globalisation
Authors: Engamba Philomène Alene 
Published: October 2016

La loi camerounaise portant code de la nationalité et datée de 1968 consacre le principe de la nationalité unique. Cela pose un problème aux sportifs professionnels camerounais qui, du fait de leur séjour à l'étranger, finissent par acquérir une nationalité étrangère pour s'adapter aux exigences du professionnalisme. La consécration de la nationalité unique au Cameroun, ayant longtemps fait l'objet d'un consensus au-delà des politiques successives, est aujourd'hui remis en cause par les mutations s'opérant à l'échelle mondiale.
De nombreux pays naturalisent des sportifs étrangers dans le but de renforcer les capacités de leurs équipes nationales ou de se faire un nom sur la scène internationale. Ces sportifs se retrouvent donc dans la plupart des cas disposant de deux nationalités : une nationalité qui est celle de leur pays d'origine, et une autre dite « sportive », qui leur permet de répondre aux exigences de leur profession. Le constat qui se dégage du débat sur la double nationalité, semble indiquer que de nombreux facteurs et motifs aussi bien économiques, culturels que stratégiques, favorisent ce phénomène.
Cette étude permettra d'analyser les enjeux et les implications de la ruse de l'Etat camerounais, en vue de gérer un conflit entre logiques juridiques et symboliques stato-nationales, et logiques de gain liées à la construction de la carrière internationale des sportifs. Mais également cette réflexion s'ouvre sur la nécessité de l'urgence d'une refondation du code de la nationalité camerounaise.
L'Education Olympique et la pédagogie des Anneaux : stratégies de mise en œuvre auprès d'enfants scolarisés aux cycles primaire et maternelle de Yaoundé
Authors: Simo Raymond Charlié Tamoufe 
Published: October 2016

Le but de cette contribution est d'étudier le phénomène de l'Olympisme et sa perception auprès de la population des enfants scolarisés des cycles maternelle et primaire de Yaoundé au Cameroun. Afin de rendre compte de la place de l'Olympisme dans le champ éducatif, notre ambition est d'appréhender les logiques de ce processus dans la mise en place du Programme d'Education aux Valeurs Olympiques (PEVO), initié par le Comité National Olympique et Sportif du Cameroun (CNOSC). Il conviendra également de préciser au détour de cette recherche, les limites que nous donnons aux vocables « Pédagogie » et « Anneaux ».
L'intégration de l'olympisme à l'école : contribution du Programme d'Education aux Valeurs Olympiques – PEVO à la construction d'un monde moderne
Authors: Bipona Emmanuel Bienvenu 
Published: October 2016

Les milieux éducatifs comme plate-forme de mise en œuvre des programmes pour l'acquisition des savoirs être nouveaux. Il s'agira ici de traduire en termes de comportements significatifs un des programmes essentiels du mouvement olympique à savoir : le Programme d'Education aux Valeurs Olympiques (PEVO).
Les conclusions et les recommandations issues du séminaire organisé les 3 et 4 juin 2011 à l'intention des partenaires impliqués dans l'apprentissage des valeurs et des principes fondamentaux qui guident le mouvement olympique restent d'actualité et il est urgent de les traduire en contenu d'enseignement et en syllabus. C'est l'ambition de cet article.
Il est question d'intégrer la formation et l'éducation des jeunes à travers la pratique sportive dans la construction des générations olympiques. Dans le cadre de la transmission inter générationnelle des valeurs positives Toutes les stratégies organisationnelles et de diffusion doivent être conçues pour captiver l'attention des jeunes à travers des symboles visibles et des supports édifiants pour leur vie quotidienne.
John Locke, ‘Hobbist’: of sleeping souls and thinking matter
Authors: Dempsey Liam P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper, I consider Isaac Newton’s fevered accusation that John Locke is a ‘Hobbist.’ I suggest a number of ways in which Locke’s account of the mind–body relation could plausibly be construed as Hobbesian. Whereas Newton conceives of the human mind as an immaterial substance and venerates it as a finite image of the Divine Mind, I argue that Locke utterly deflates the religious, ethical, and metaphysical significance of an immaterial soul. Even stronger, I contend that there is good reason to suspect that Locke is a crypto-materialist, at least with respect to human beings, and in this respect, could reasonably be labeled a ‘Hobbist.’
In Tradition of Speaking Fearlessly: Locating a Rhetoric of Whistleblowing in the Parrhēsiastic Dialectic
Authors: Chu Alan 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
This essay examines how the dialectic over the presence of rhetoric in Michel Foucault’s catalog of truth telling in ancient Greek and Roman texts informs a separate but similar dialectic over the relationship between parrhēsia and contemporary whistleblowing. I posit that the argumentation justifying the practice of government and military whistleblowing used by Edward Snowden and Chelsea Manning parallels the dispute over rhetoric’s place in parrhēsia. This essay plots out how the arguments for or against the presence of rhetoric in parrhēsia routinely manifests at specific junctures in the whistleblowing timeline, indicating how the dialectic of parrhēsia naturally leads to a rhetoric of whistleblowing.
Fungal Microbiota Profile in Newly Diagnosed Treatment-naïve Children with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: El Mouzan Mohammad , Wang Feng , Al Mofarreh Mohammad , Menon Rajita , Al Barrag Ahmad , Korolev Kirill S. , Al Sarkhy Ahmad , Al Asmi Mona , Hamed Yassin , Saeed Anjum , Dowd Scot E. , Assiri Asaad , Winter Harland 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Although increasing evidence suggests a role for fungi in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], data are scarce and mostly from adults. Our aim was to define the characteristics of fungal microbiota in newly diagnosed treatment-naïve children with Crohn’s disease [CD].

Methods:
The children referred for colonoscopy were prospectively enrolled in the study at King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, and Al Mofarreh Polyclinics in Riyadh. Tissue and stool samples were collected and frozen till sequencing analysis. The children with confirmed CD diagnosis were designated as cases and the others as non- IBD controls; 78 samples were collected from 35 children [15 CD and 20 controls]. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate CD associations and diversity.

Results:
CD-associated fungi varied with the level of phylogenetic tree. There was no significant difference in abundance between normal and inflamed mucosa. Significantly abundant CD-associated taxa included Psathyrellaceae [p = 0.01], Cortinariaceae [p = 0.04], Psathyrella [p = 0.003], and Gymnopilus [p = 0.03]. Monilinia was significantly depleted [p = 0.03], whereas other depleted taxa, although not statistically significant, included Leotiomycetes [p = 0.06], Helotiales [p = 0.08], and Sclerotiniaceae [p = 0.07]. There was no significant difference in fungal diversity between CD and controls.

Conclusions:
We report highly significant fungal dysbiosis in newly diagnosed treatment-naïve CD children. Depleted and more abundant taxa suggest anti-inflammatory and pro-inflamatory potentials, respectively. Further studies with larger sample size and including functional analysis are needed to clarify the significance of the fungal community in the pathogenesis of CD.
The role of α4 integrin in Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease: an infectious animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS)
Authors: Hirano Yuta , Kobayashi Kunitoshi , Tomiki Hiroki , Inaba Yuhji , Ichikawa Motoki , Kim Byung S. , Koh Chang-Sung 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNatalizumab, which is an antibody against α4 integrin, has been used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study, we investigated both the role of α4 integrin and the therapeutic effect of HCA3551, a newly synthesized orally active small-molecule α4 integrin antagonist, in the development of TMEV-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD). The mRNA levels of α4 integrins were significantly up-regulated in the CNS of mice with TMEV-IDD as compared with naïve mice (*p&lt;0.05). HCA3551 treatment in the effector phase significantly suppressed both the clinical and histological development of TMEV-IDD. The number of infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells in the CNS was significantly decreased in the mice treated with HCA3551 (**p&lt;0.01). The labeling indices for CD68 antigen and the absolute cell numbers of TNF-α-producing CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells were significantly decreased in the CNS of mice treated with HCA3551 (*p&lt;0.05). HCA3551 treatment in the effector phase might inhibit the binding of α4 integrin to VCAM-1, thereby decreasing the number of MNCs in the CNS.
Structural properties of the solar flare-producing coronal current system developed in an emerging magnetic flux tube
Authors: Magara Tetsuya 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The activity of a magnetic structure formed in the solar corona depends on a coronal current system developed in the structure, which determines how an electric current flows in the corona. To investigate structural properties of the coronal current system responsible for producing a solar flare, we perform magnetohydrodynamic simulation of an emerging magnetic flux tube which forms a coronal magnetic structure. Investigation using fractal dimensional analysis and electric current streamlines reveals that the flare-producing coronal current system relies on a specific coronal current structure of two-dimensional spatiality, which has a sub-region where a nearly anti-parallel magnetic field configuration is spontaneously generated. We discuss the role of this locally generated anti-parallel magnetic field configuration in causing the reconnection of a three-dimensional magnetic field, which is a possible mechanism for producing a flare. We also discuss how the twist of a magnetic flux tube affects structural properties of a coronal current system, showing how much volume current flux is carried into the corona by an emerging flux tube. This gives a way to evaluate the activity of a coronal magnetic structure.
Disclosure quality and earnings management: evidence from Jordan
Authors: Alzoubi Ebraheem Saleem Salem 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend previous research by empirically investigating the effect of the disclosure quality (DQ) on the magnitude of the earnings management (EM) among Jordanian companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the cross-sectional version of the modified Jones model, where discretionary accruals are used for the EM proxy. Generalized least square regression is used to examine the influence of the DQ on EM for a sample of 86 industrial companies in the period of the years from 2007 to 2010.FindingsThe result produces evidence on the negative association between DQ and EM. The result also evidences the view that as the level of the disclosure is high, the magnitude of the EM reduces and, in turn, increases the financial reporting quality.Originality/valueAs there are relatively few researches conducted in this area specifically among Jordanian firms, the study broadens the scope by providing empirical evidence of the relationship between DQ and EM. This paper is the first empirical study to investigate the impact of the DQ on EM among Jordanian companies.
A place to call home: perspectives on offender community reintegration
Authors: Tarpey Emma , Friend Hannah 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore offenders’ experiences of community reintegration facilitated by a supported housing scheme.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were derived from five semi-structured interviews with prolific offenders who were participating in a UK “north west housing association” scheme; a community reintegration programme for offenders released from prison.

Findings
Thematic analysis demonstrated four predominant themes, these were: “the decision to change”, “self-fulfilment”, “a place to call home” and “a suitable support system”. The themes are discussed in relation to the Good Lives Model.

Practical implications
Participation in the housing scheme was a key component of the reintegration process, which positively facilitated lifestyle change.

Originality/value
This research considers the often “unheard” perspectives of prolific offenders and highlights the significant role of community housing schemes in supporting successful community reintegration.
Females who sexually offend
Authors: Ireland Carol , Ozanne Rebecca , Ireland Jane 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider the current knowledge in regard to females who engage in sexually harmful behaviour (HSB).

Design/methodology/approach
This is a brief paper, reviewing current literature.

Findings
This paper argues the continual limitations in fully understanding this population. However, it suggests the importance of progressing to discuss patterns of offending as opposed to typologies.

Practical implications
This argues the importance of effective formulation and consideration of patterns when understanding HSB in females.

Originality/value
This is a current brief review of the literature, summarising key thinking in this area, and some suggested ways forward for further progression.
Primary person-based crime prevention: an Australian case study
Authors: Birch Philip 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider primary prevention from the perspective of person-based crime prevention. This crime prevention measure is illustrated by an Australian case study. The report also recognises the integral role the community plays in the delivery of primary person-based crime prevention.

Design/methodology/approach
This short paper adopts a case study approach.

Findings
The paper illustrates the purpose and achievements of primary person-based crime prevention, including the success it has in reducing crime and improving feelings of safety in the community. The important role of community members and their contribution to this crime prevention method is offered.

Practical implications
The practical implications this paper offers are to ensure community members are involved in the delivery of primary person-based crime prevention, to explicitly measure the contribution community members make to primary person-based crime prevention initiatives, to explicitly measure the contribution primary person-based crime prevention makes to the reduction of crime, and to build on the known success of primary person-based crime prevention through the implementation of more initiatives within this area of crime prevention.

Originality/value
Primary person-based crime prevention can be overlooked in favour of primary place-based crime prevention. This short paper offers an insight into an overlooked aspect of crime prevention.
Sensitivity of UK butterflies to local climatic extremes: which life stages are most at risk?
Authors: McDermott Long Osgur , Warren Rachel , Price Jeff , Brereton Tom M. , Botham Marc S. , Franco Aldina M. A. 
Published: October 2016

Summary

There is growing recognition as to the importance of extreme climatic events (ECEs) in determining changes in species populations. In fact, it is often the extent of climate variability that determines a population's ability to persist at a given site.

This study examined the impact of ECEs on the resident UK butterfly species (n = 41) over a 37‐year period. The study investigated the sensitivity of butterflies to four extremes (drought, extreme precipitation, extreme heat and extreme cold), identified at the site level, across each species' life stages. Variations in the vulnerability of butterflies at the site level were also compared based on three life‐history traits (voltinism, habitat requirement and range).

This is the first study to examine the effects of ECEs at the site level across all life stages of a butterfly, identifying sensitive life stages and unravelling the role life‐history traits play in species sensitivity to ECEs.

Butterfly population changes were found to be primarily driven by temperature extremes. Extreme heat was detrimental during overwintering periods and beneficial during adult periods and extreme cold had opposite impacts on both of these life stages. Previously undocumented detrimental effects were identified for extreme precipitation during the pupal life stage for univoltine species. Generalists were found to have significantly more negative associations with ECEs than specialists.

With future projections of warmer, wetter winters and more severe weather events, UK butterflies could come under severe pressure given the findings of this study.
Modernist Ideas and Local Reception: The company towns of Piazzola sul Brenta and Borgonyà, 1895–1930
Authors: Visentin Francesco 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUtopianism, paternalism and the myth of progress were the ideological foundations underpinning company towns. These communities, which sprang up towards the end of the nineteenth century, were dependent on a single company for all or most of the functions and services necessary for town life. This article explores aspects of company town life as variously implemented and received depending on cultural and geographical contexts. In particular, this article examines the emergence of two company towns established during the same period but in two distinct geographical contexts: Piazzola sul Brenta in the Veneto (Italy) and Borgonyà in Catalonia (Spain). While development of these two company towns relied on the same ideals of social and technological progress, the visions of their respective companies, their locations and broader topographical circumstances differed significantly. These new towns are examined through key factors reflecting their owners' and planners' faith in social and technological progress, such as the harnessing of water power, the construction of railways and moral paternalism. These features are analysed by reflecting on the meaning of space in specific contexts. Piazzola sul Brenta and Borgonyà were experimental spaces that their designers and owners used to achieve ephemeral social, political and cultural goals, allowing me to examine both the ways and the spaces in which knowledge and ideas were received, and how different types of knowledge and ideas were transformed and realized.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of elderly patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal liver metastasis
Authors: Gandy Robert C. , Stavrakis Timothy , Haghighi Koroush S. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundMetastatic colorectal cancer is a disease of advancing age. Increased life expectancy has dramatically increased the number of older patients being assessed for hepatectomy. The objective of the study is to assess the safety and survival of hepatic resection in older patients, with colorectal liver metastases (CLM) and compare that with younger patients.MethodsAll patients undergoing hepatic resection of CLM were included. Patients were divided in groups, less than 75 and 75 and over. Prospectively collected data on patient demographics and post‐operative complications were retrospectively analysed. Overall survival was calculated in both groups.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients over the age of 75 underwent hepatic resection for CLM. A total of 158 patients under the age of 75 underwent resection. Overall, 66% of patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 64% underwent major resection. Ninety‐day mortality was 1 out of 29 and 1 out of 158, respectively (P = 0.15). Overall complication rate was low, 4 out of 29 and 26 out of 158 (P = 0.45). Median length of stay was similar in the older population, 8.5 versus 8 days (P = 0.65). Overall 5‐year survival was 58% in the over 75 group and 56% in the under 75 group (P = 0.31).ConclusionHepatic resection for CLM can be achieved safely in patients over the age of 75 and with equivalent short‐ and long‐term outcomes.
Tau imaging with [18F]THK‐5351 in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Ishiki A. , Harada R. , Okamura N. , Tomita N. , Rowe C. C. , Villemagne V. L. , Yanai K. , Kudo Y. , Arai H. , Furumoto S. , Tashiro M. , Furukawa K. 
Published: October 2016

Background and purposeVisualization of pathogenic protein aggregates is crucial to elucidate pathomechanisms and to make an accurate diagnosis in many neurodegenerative conditions. Aggregates of the microtubule‐binding protein, tau, are one of the most important pathogenic molecules in neurodegenerative disorders. Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is characterized by the deposition of tau proteins in some specific area such as the basal ganglia and brainstem. We tried to detect tau lesions in the brains of living patients with PSP with a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, [18F]THK‐5351, which we have recently developed.MethodsParaffin‐embedded brain sections of the patients with PSP were used for autoradiography with [3H]THK‐5351 and immunohistochemistry. Nine healthy controls, 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease and three patients with PSP participated in this PET study with [18F]THK‐5351. To detect amyloid‐β deposition, PET imaging with Pittsburgh compound B was also performed.ResultsAutoradiography in the brain sections of patients with PSP demonstrated [3H]THK‐5351 binding to tau deposits with a high selectivity. Although patients with PSP exhibited no remarkable [18F]THK‐5351 retention in the temporal cortex, significantly higher tracer retention was observed in the globus pallidus and midbrain. In contrast, amyloid imaging with Pittsburgh compound B showed no remarkable accumulation in the cerebral cortex of PSP.ConclusionsWe conclude that [18F]THK‐5351 PET can potentially be used to detect the regional brain distribution of tau lesions in PSP, thereby facilitating the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders associated with tau protein.
“WHICH Headache to Investigate, WHEN, and HOW?”
Authors: Ravishankar K. 
Published: October 2016

PremiseHeadache is a common problem in medical practice. The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD‐3 beta)1 divides all headaches into two broad categories. Most headaches seen in practice belong to the category of primary headaches, where there is no underlying structural cause identifiable. Less than 10% headaches in practice belong to the category of secondary headaches where there is an underlying condition, that can sometimes be ominous and life‐threatening.ProblemFear of missing a treatable serious secondary headache disorder is the most important reason why we need to investigate headache patients.There is no dilemma in investigating the patient when the clinical presentation is straightforward but when the headache presents differently or with ‘red flags,’ it can sometimes be quite challenging to order the right investigation and rapidly arrive at the right diagnosis.Potential solutionsThis article looks at some of the elusive headache scenarios and outlines an approach that addresses the issue of ‘appropriate’ investigation in the headache patient. With advancing technology and increasing expertise, the author feels it is time now to do away with the practice of ordering an exhaustive battery of tests in all headache patients. With experience, clinicians can learn to choose tests judiciously and order specific tests based on a working diagnosis. As the title suggests, knowing ‘WHEN to order WHAT test in WHICH headache patient? ’ forms the theme of this article.