bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La problématique de l’exemple dans la traduction de la métalangue
Authors: Ouerhani Béchir 
Published: November 2017

Résumé Dans cet article, nous allons tenter de montrer que lors de la traduction d’un texte linguistique, l’essentiel réside dans le degré d’adéquation entre le commentaire et l’exemple, ce qui se perçoit tout particulièrement au niveau de la terminologie. Nous nous référons principalement à la traduction arabe de Pour une logique du sens (R. Martin). Nous partirons du principe suivant : dans un texte linguistique, l’exemple est central, et le commentaire dépend de lui. Ce qui revient à dire que le choix de traduire l’exemple, de le maintenir ou de le remplacer est une étape déterminante de l’opération.
Prosodie des phrases comportant des adversatives et concessives introduites par le connecteur alors que
Authors: Ramasse Denis 
Published: November 2017

Résumé Le connecteur alors que peut introduire trois types de subordonnées ; un premier type, temporel ( alors que le soir tombait, Pierre est arrivé ) et deux autres, logiques, soit à valeur adversative ( elle a échoué alors qu’il a réussi ), soit à valeur concessive ( il semble déçu alors qu’il a réussi ). Pour mettre en évidence une éventuelle différence dans l’intonation provoquée par les deux valeurs logiques, une locutrice a été enregistrée (20 phrases) et une analyse acoustique réalisée. Deux paramètres ont ainsi été dégagés : une différence de durée des syllabes finales des subordonnées (phrases enchâssées) et une différence de hauteur dans la réalisation des principales (phrases matrices). Pour confirmer cette première analyse, un test de perception (18 sujets) a été pratiqué. Il a permis de mettre en évidence une pertinence du deuxième paramètre seulement, et la nécessité de le préciser en hauteur relative entre propositions principale et subordonnée. Cependant, même relativisé, ce paramètre n’est pas un indice permettant une identification systématique de la valeur logique de la subordonnée introduite par alors que . Ceci est en accord avec ce qu’écrivait Delattre (1966) qui considérait l’intonation comme un paramètre secondaire dans l’encodage de la parole. En l’occurrence, entre adversatives et concessives, même si la différence prosodique est peu marquée, elle aide néanmoins à distinguer les deux valeurs logiques.
A Routing Algorithms for Resource Constrained Wireless Self-organized Networks
Authors: Han Dan , Fu Lingmei 
Published: November 2017

To explore the algorithms for wireless self-organized networks, through the NS-2 network simulation platform, the simulation analysis is made on the performances of multi hop data transmission of the existing four typical Ad hoc network routing protocols. And the energy saving strategy of Ad hoc network routing protocol SFR (Selection Forwarding Routing) based on network average node connection degree is discussed and analyzed, which is suitable for intensive Ad hoc network. The simulation data showed that, SFR protocol can, under the premise of ensuring the network coverage rate the same as that of flooding algorithm, reduce more than 56.1% redundant information in the network, and reduce the energy consumption of network by more than 30.2%. Finally, it is concluded that the selection forwarding routing has quite good performance.
Route of Antigen Presentation Can Determine the Selection of Foxp3-Dependent or Foxp3-Independent Dominant Immune Tolerance
Authors: Agua-Doce Ana , Caridade Marta , Oliveira Vanessa G. , Bergman Lisa , Lafaille Maria C. , Lafaille Juan J. , Demengeot Jocelyne , Graca Luis 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
It has been shown that dominant tolerance, namely in transplantation, requires Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Although most tolerance-inducing regimens rely on regulatory T cells, we found that induction of tolerance to proteins in aluminum hydroxide can be achieved in Foxp3-deficient mice using nondepleting anti-CD4 Abs. This type of tolerance is Ag specific, and tolerant mice retain immune competence to respond to unrelated Ags. We demonstrated with chicken OVA–specific TCR-transgenic mice that the same tolerizing protocol (CD4 blockade) and the same target Ag (OVA) achieves Foxp3-dependent transplantation tolerance to OVA-expressing skin grafts, but Foxp3-independent tolerance when the Ag is provided as OVA–aluminum hydroxide. In the latter case, we found that tolerance induction triggered recessive mechanisms leading to elimination of effector cells and, simultaneously, a dominant mechanism associated with the emergence of an anergic and regulatory CTLA-4+IL-2lowFoxp3− T cell population, where the tolerance state is IL-10 dependent. Such Foxp3-independent mechanisms can improve the efficacy of tolerance-inducing protocols.
Congenital Fetal Hydrocolpos with Vaginal Atresia
Authors: Saleh Ahmed M , Al-Baz Nadeen 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
We report an unusual case of congenital hydrocolpos diagnosed at the third trimester. The antenatal diagnosis was not conclusive as the mass was very central and arising from the pelvis toward the fetal abdomen between the rectum and fetal urinary bladder. Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) showed no abnormal chromosomes. Postnatal abdominal ultrasound was not conclusive. The final and correct diagnosis of congenital hydrocolpos and urogenital sinus with vaginal atresia was made on postnatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patient was examined under general anesthesia; there was a single genital opening and a normal anus (no vaginal opening). Both cystoscopy and tube vaginostomy were performed afterward to drain the hydrocolpos. The postnatal period was uneventful.

How to cite this article
Saleh AM, Al-Baz N, Ahmed B. Congenital Fetal Hydrocolpos with Vaginal Atresia. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):230-232.
Utility of Serum Paraoxonase Levels with reference to Severity of Organophosphorus Poisoning
Authors: Rahul Hettagowdanahally V , Rani N Asha , Asha Rani N 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are widely used insecticides for agricultural and domestic purposes. Easy availability and less awareness regarding the toxicity caused by these compounds have resulted in high morbidity and mortality in India. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment are required to reduce the mortality rate for which laboratory evaluation plays a vital role, in addition to various clinical scoring systems.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of 2 months. Forty clinically diagnosed acute OP poisoning cases admitted in emergency units formed the study subjects. Serum was used for the estimation of cholinesterase, for both basal and salt stimulated paraoxonase (PON) activity. Peradeniya organophosphorus poisoning (POP) scale was used as a tool to categorize patients into mild (0—3 score), moderate (4—7 score), and severe (8—11 score) poisoning.

Results
The mean age of the study participants was 31.9 ± 14.4 years. Seventy-five percent of the participants were males and 25% were females. Chlorpyrifos was the most common OP compound consumed by the study participants. There was a significant decrease in the serum cholinesterase activity (p = 0.001) and salt-stimulated PON activity (p = 0.016) as the severity increased. Serum cholinesterase and POP score showed statistically significant negative correlation (p = 0.003). There was a linear positive correlation between serum cholinesterase and serum PON activity, but the correlation was significant only with salt-stimulated PON activity (p = 0.005).

Conclusion
The results suggest that subjects with higher levels of PON activity may have better detoxifying capacity toward OP poisoning.

How to cite this article
Rahul HV, Rani NA, Nusrath A. Utility of Serum Paraoxonase Levels with reference to Severity of Organophosphorus Poisoning. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):101-105.
Role of Active Vitamin D3 in Immunity
Authors: Singh Sapna , Verma Rashmi , Singh Bhawna , Gupta Santosh K 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe active vitamin D3—1,25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol—is the key player in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and skeletal growth and functions. However, recent new developments have revealed its role in other tissues as well, referred to as the nonclassical actions of vitamin D. Not only the endocrinal effects, evidence indicates that vitamin D3 also has autocrine and paracrine functions due to its extrarenal synthesis by many cells, including the immune cells. All cells of the immune system have vitamin D receptors and show wide-ranging effects to it. It impacts both the innate and adaptive immune systems and the overall influence points to anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and regulatory roles. It shows a significant role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well in susceptibility to infections.In this review, newer developments on the role of vitamin D in immunity and the underlying mechanism are discussed with possible future reflections.How to cite this articleVerma R, Singh S, Singh B, Goswami B, Gupta SK. Role of Active Vitamin D3 in Immunity. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):166-175.
Verification of ECMWF System 4 for seasonal hydrological forecasting in a northern climate
Authors: Bazile Rachel , Boucher Marie-Amélie , Perreault Luc , Leconte Robert 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Hydropower production requires optimal dam and reservoir management to prevent flooding damage and avoid operation losses. In a northern climate, where spring freshet constitutes the main inflow volume, seasonal forecasts can help to establish a yearly strategy. Long-term hydrological forecasts often rely on past observations of streamflow or meteorological data. Another alternative is to use ensemble meteorological forecasts produced by climate models. In this paper, those produced by the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Forecast) System 4 are examined and bias is characterized. Bias correction, through the linear scaling method, improves the performance of the raw ensemble meteorological forecasts in terms of continuous ranked probability score (CRPS). Then, three seasonal ensemble hydrological forecasting systems are compared: (1) the climatology of simulated streamflow, (2) the ensemble hydrological forecasts based on climatology (ESP) and (3) the hydrological forecasts based on bias-corrected ensemble meteorological forecasts from System 4 (corr-DSP). Simulated streamflow computed using observed meteorological data is used as benchmark. Accounting for initial conditions is valuable even for long-term forecasts. ESP and corr-DSP both outperform the climatology of simulated streamflow for lead times from 1 to 5 months depending on the season and watershed. Integrating information about future meteorological conditions also improves monthly volume forecasts. For the 1-month lead time, a gain exists for almost all watersheds during winter, summer and fall. However, volume forecasts performance for spring varies from one watershed to another. For most of them, the performance is close to the performance of ESP. For longer lead times, the CRPS skill score is mostly in favour of ESP, even if for many watersheds, ESP and corr-DSP have comparable skill. Corr-DSP appears quite reliable but, in some cases, under-dispersion or bias is observed. A more complex bias-correction method should be further investigated to remedy this weakness and take more advantage of the ensemble forecasts produced by the climate model. Overall, in this study, bias-corrected ensemble meteorological forecasts appear to be an interesting source of information for hydrological forecasting for lead times up to 1 month. They could also complement ESP for longer lead times.
When probabilistic seismic hazard climbs volcanoes: the Mt. Etna case, Italy – Part 2: Computational implementation and first results
Authors: Peruzza Laura , Azzaro Raffaele , Gee Robin , D'Amico Salvatore , Langer Horst , Lombardo Giuseppe , Pace Bruno , Pagani Marco , Panzera Francesco , Ordaz Mario , Suarez Miguel Leonardo , Tusa Giuseppina 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This paper describes the model implementation and presents results of a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) for the Mt. Etna volcanic region in Sicily, Italy, considering local volcano-tectonic earthquakes. Working in a volcanic region presents new challenges not typically faced in standard PSHA, which are broadly due to the nature of the local volcano-tectonic earthquakes, the cone shape of the volcano and the attenuation properties of seismic waves in the volcanic region. These have been accounted for through the development of a seismic source model that integrates data from different disciplines (historical and instrumental earthquake datasets, tectonic data, etc.; presented in Part 1, by Azzaro et al., 2017) and through the development and software implementation of original tools for the computation, such as a new ground-motion prediction equation and magnitude–scaling relationship specifically derived for this volcanic area, and the capability to account for the surficial topography in the hazard calculation, which influences source-to-site distances. Hazard calculations have been carried out after updating the most recent releases of two widely used PSHA software packages (CRISIS, as in Ordaz et al., 2013; the OpenQuake engine, as in Pagani et al., 2014). Results are computed for short- to mid-term exposure times (10 % probability of exceedance in 5 and 30 years, Poisson and time dependent) and spectral amplitudes of engineering interest. A preliminary exploration of the impact of site-specific response is also presented for the densely inhabited Etna's eastern flank, and the change in expected ground motion is finally commented on. These results do not account for M  >  6 regional seismogenic sources which control the hazard at long return periods. However, by focusing on the impact of M  <  6 local volcano-tectonic earthquakes, which dominate the hazard at the short- to mid-term exposure times considered in this study, we present a different viewpoint that, in our opinion, is relevant for retrofitting the existing buildings and for driving impending interventions of risk reduction.
Integrating faults and past earthquakes into a probabilistic seismic hazard model for peninsular Italy
Authors: Valentini Alessandro , Visini Francesco , Pace Bruno 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Italy is one of the most seismically active countries in Europe. Moderate to strong earthquakes, with magnitudes of up to ∼ 7, have been historically recorded for many active faults. Currently, probabilistic seismic hazard assessments in Italy are mainly based on area source models, in which seismicity is modelled using a number of seismotectonic zones and the occurrence of earthquakes is assumed uniform. However, in the past decade, efforts have increasingly been directed towards using fault sources in seismic hazard models to obtain more detailed and potentially more realistic patterns of ground motion. In our model, we used two categories of earthquake sources. The first involves active faults, and using geological slip rates to quantify the seismic activity rate. We produced an inventory of all fault sources with details of their geometric, kinematic, and energetic properties. The associated parameters were used to compute the total seismic moment rate of each fault. We evaluated the magnitude–frequency distribution (MFD) of each fault source using two models: a characteristic Gaussian model centred at the maximum magnitude and a truncated Gutenberg–Richter model. The second earthquake source category involves grid-point seismicity, with a fixed-radius smoothed approach and a historical catalogue were used to evaluate seismic activity. Under the assumption that deformation is concentrated along faults, we combined the MFD derived from the geometry and slip rates of active faults with the MFD from the spatially smoothed earthquake sources and assumed that the smoothed seismic activity in the vicinity of an active fault gradually decreases by a fault-size-driven factor. Additionally, we computed horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) maps for return periods of 475 and 2475 years. Although the ranges and gross spatial distributions of the expected accelerations obtained here are comparable to those obtained through methods involving seismic catalogues and classical zonation models, the spatial pattern of the hazard maps obtained with our model is far more detailed. Our model is characterized by areas that are more hazardous and that correspond to mapped active faults, while previous models yield expected accelerations that are almost uniformly distributed across large regions. In addition, we conducted sensitivity tests to determine the impact on the hazard results of the earthquake rates derived from two MFD models for faults and to determine the relative contributions of faults versus distributed seismic activity. We believe that our model represents advancements in terms of the input data (quantity and quality) and methodology used in the field of fault-based regional seismic hazard modelling in Italy.
Storm-induced water dynamics and thermohaline structure at the tidewater Flade Isblink Glacier outlet to the Wandel Sea (NE Greenland)
Authors: Kirillov Sergei , Dmitrenko Igor , Rysgaard Søren , Babb David , Toudal Pedersen Leif , Ehn Jens , Bendtsen Jørgen , Barber David 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In April 2015, an ice-tethered conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) profiler and a down-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) were deployed from the landfast ice near the tidewater glacier terminus of the Flade Isblink Glacier in the Wandel Sea, NE Greenland. The 3-week time series showed that water dynamics and the thermohaline structure were modified considerably during a storm event on 22–24 April, when northerly winds exceeded 15 m s−1. The storm initiated downwelling-like water dynamics characterized by on-shore water transport in the surface (0–40 m) layer and compensating offshore flow at intermediate depths. After the storm, currents reversed in both layers, and the relaxation phase of downwelling lasted ∼ 4 days. Although current velocities did not exceed 5 cm s−1, the enhanced circulation during the storm caused cold turbid intrusions at 75–95 m depth, which are likely attributable to subglacial water from the Flade Isblink Ice Cap. It was also found that the semidiurnal periodicities in the temperature and salinity time series were associated with the lunar semidiurnal tidal flow. The vertical structure of tidal currents corresponded to the first baroclinic mode of the internal tide with a velocity minimum at ∼ 40 m. The tidal ellipses rotate in opposite directions above and below this depth and cause a divergence of tidal flow, which was observed to induce semidiurnal internal waves of about 3 m height at the front of the glacier terminus. Our findings provide evidence that shelf–basin interaction and tidal forcing can potentially modify coastal Wandel Sea waters even though they are isolated from the atmosphere by landfast sea ice almost year-round. The northerly storms over the continental slope cause an enhanced circulation facilitating a release of cold and turbid subglacial water to the shelf. The tidal flow may contribute to the removal of such water from the glacial terminus.
“The Next Last of the Breed”: Dynastic Succession and Resistance in an Appalachian Storytelling Clan
Authors: Sobol Joseph 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Appalachian storyteller Ray Hicks was often described metonymically as “the last of his breed.” After Ray’s death in 2003, it emerged that several younger extended family members were capable of re-telling his stories. While space exists in the professional storytelling world for next-generation tellers to step into the family storytelling mantle, internal and external factors have resisted this development. The essay explores attitudes toward private and public performance, memory, identity, and honor among the descendants and relatives of a dominant Appalachian tradition-bearer.
¿Cómo se enseña la Ilustración en 2.º de Bachillerato? Un análisis de los libros de texto, sus contenidos y la cuestión de género.
Authors: Rausell Guillot Helena 
Published: November 2017

Con el presente artículo tratamos de analizar cómo se enseña y cómo se ha enseñado el movimiento ilustrado en las aulas de secundaria de nuestro país, a través del estudio de algunos materiales curriculares de 2.º de Bachillerato correspondientes a la asignatura de Historia de España. Estos han sido elaborados en distintos momentos, los últimos años del periodo de vigencia de la Ley de Ordenación General del Sistema Educativo (1990) y en el marco de la actual Ley Orgánica para la Mejora de la Calidad Educativa (2013). Nuestro objetivo es tratar averiguar si las innovaciones aportadas por la historiografía más reciente sobre la Ilustración se han trasladado o no a los mismos. También si estos incorporan la perspectiva de género y, de ser así, de qué manera lo hacen. Los resultados demuestran el mantenimiento en ellos de una visión bastante tradicional a la hora de abordar el movimiento ilustrado, aunque creemos poder detectar alguna evolución y una tímida incorporación de ciertas cuestiones referentes a la historia de las mujeres o las nuevas formas de sociabilidad y trasmisión de las ideas ilustradas.
Our article tries to study the way Enlightenment is taught and it has been taught in Spanish high schools, through analyzing some secondary text books on History of Spain. Those textbooks have been written at various moments. In fact, they correspond to two different organic laws, LOGSE (1990) and the current LOMCE (2013). Our main aim is to find out if recent historiographic approaches and contributions on Enlightenment are included. We would like also to know if they consider, or not, gender perspective and, if so, how it is understood. Our results show how textbooks keep, in general, traditional approaches to Enlightenment. However, we could detect a slight evolution with the incorporation of a certain number of questions on women history and new sociability approaches in more recent textbook.