bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Rainwater Quality on The Methane Concentration
Authors: Supriatin Lilik S. , Cahyono Waluyo E. , Syafrizon Syafrizon 
Published: September 2017

<p>Research on the effect of pH of rainfall on the emission of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) has been made. And what about the influence of the pH of rainfall at a concentration of CH<sub>4</sub>? That question will be answered through this research. The problem in this research is not yet known and the effect of the interaction of water quality in these clouds pH (degree of acidity) of rain on the concentration of CH<sub>4</sub>. The purpose of the study was the first object to determine acid rain in research location and to determine and analyze the influence of the pH of rainfall on the CH<sub>4</sub> concentration. The research location is at Balai Pengamat Atmosfer dan Antariksa LAPAN in Kototabang hills, West Sumatra. The data used in this study is the pH of rainfall and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations. The analytical method used is the analysis of statistical and descriptive analysis. The results showed a correlation coefficient between the pH of rainfall with CH<sub>4</sub> concentration of 0,87. The correlation coefficient indicates that the effect of the pH of rainfall is linearly proportional to the concentration of CH<sub>4</sub>. This means that the pH of rainfall is higher, then the CH<sub>4</sub> concentration will increase.</p><p> </p>
Rate Dependence of Bilinear Flow in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Kanfar M. S. , Clarkson C. R. 
Published: September 2017

Summary
Unconventional fractured gas wells occasionally exhibit bilinear flow during early production. When this flow regime is observed, important fracture properties can be estimated such as conductivity and/or spacing. However, the application of present-day rate-transient-analysis (RTA) methods to bilinear flow results in up to 18% error. This error is rate-dependent, and occurs because of nonlinearities in the gas-diffusivity equation. This paper presents a new correction factor that handles the rate dependency of bilinear flow, and enables more-accurate reservoir characterization.
The diffusivity equation of gas in porous media has some nonlinearities that cannot be addressed by only using the real-gas pseudopressure. Even though neglecting these nonlinearities results in a model that is sufficiently accurate for the radial-flow case, errors arise in the boundary-dominated-flow (BDF) (Fraim and Wattenbarger 1987), the linear-flow (Ibrahim and Wattenbarger 2006; Nobakht and Clarkson 2012), and, as shown in this article, the bilinear-flow cases. Currently, no research studies provide an accurate bilinear-flow analytical model for gas reservoirs. To bridge this gap and to provide rate-transient analysts with a practical tool, this work presents a correction factor that can be incorporated into the existing bilinear-flow models. The correction factor was developed following an approach similar to that of Ibrahim and Wattenbarger (2006). The first step was to simulate a number of reservoir and well conditions. Second, fracture properties were back calculated with the current bilinear-flow models. Finally, errors between the back calculated and the simulated properties were correlated to dimensionless drawdown. After these steps, a correction factor was obtained that applied to various bilinear-flow cases.
The obtained numerical results indicate that errors in bilinear-flow models are correlated with rate, or more precisely, dimensionless drawdown [a similar behavior is observed in the analytical model of linear flow, as demonstrated by Ibrahim and Wattenbarger (2006)]. This correlation can be used to reduce error to less than ±3%. Because the simulated cases cover an extensive range of unconventional-reservoir conditions, the empirical correction is robust and applicable to a wide variety of reservoir conditions. Most importantly, the correction is practical and can be readily incorporated into existing bilinear-flow models. The application of the new correction is demonstrated in this article with synthetic and field examples.
Menyoal Peran dan Fungsi Masjid Pemerintah Studi atas Masjid Agung Syuhada Polewali Mandar Makassar
Authors: Fahimah Ilyas Husnul 
Published: September 2017

<p>This policy genre study aims to identify the management, the function and the role of Great Mosque Syuhada in Polewali Mandar. It will also describe the physical condition and historical building of the mosque. The conducted qualitative research was based on interview, observation, document, and literature. The findings of the research show that the position of the grand mosque is assumed to be a representative mosque at the district level, and the provincial-level mosque that serves as a model of service and management that meets the standards, but the facts on the ground show that the management system and its management are still below the standard, which does not meet the standards imposed by the directorate of religious affairs of Islam and syariah. The roles and functions played by the Great Mosque or Masjid Agung Syuhada was limited to regular worship services, recitation, and implementation of great days of Islam.</p><p>---</p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengeloaan, fungsi, dan peran masjid Agung Syuhada sebagai masjid kabupaten Polewali Mandar, serta mendeskripsikan kondisi fisik dan sejarah pembangunan masjid tersebut. Penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan berdasarkan pada wawancara, observasi, dokumen, dan pustaka. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan sistem pengelolaan masjid Agung Syuhada Polewali Mandar masih di bawah standar, belum sesuai dengan standar yang diberlakukan oleh Direktorat Urusan Agama Islam dan Syariah. Sedangkan peran dan fungsi yang dimainkan oleh Masjid Agung Syuhada Polewali Mandar hanya sebatas pada pelayanan ibadah rutin, pengajian dasar secara tradisional, dan pelaksanaan HBI (Hari Besar Islam).</p>
KONSEP ADIL DALAM POLIGAMI: Telaah Pemikiran Mushthofa Al-‘Adawi dalam Tafsir Al-Tashïl Lita’wïl Al-Tanzïl
Authors: Faisol Yufni 
Published: September 2017

Poligamy has been a sensitive issue and a heated debate among ulamas, Muslim scholars, and interpreters of the Qur’an since a long time ago. There are three opinions on interpreting verses considered as the source of law on poligamy and which is written in the books of the Qur’anic exegeses. Firstly, the group of interpreters who allow poligamy absolutely and extremely flexible. Secondly, the group of interpreters who allow poligamy but under very strict requirements. Thirdly, the group of interpreters who reject and prohibit and even consider poligamy as an unlawful act for any reasons. Within such a context Shaykh Mushthafā al-‘Adawī wants to give a full explanation about the understanding on poligamy especially that is related to the concept of equality in the poligamy by interpreting qur’anic verses which are understood controversially by using the methode of interpreting the Qur’an with other verses of the Qur’an, sound narration, munāsabah al-ayāt (interralated quranic verses), and the context of the verse of poligamy itself.<br />---<br /><br />Poligami telah menjadi isu sensitif dan perdebatan sengit antara para ulama, ilmuwan Muslim, dan penafsir Alquran sejak dahulu kala. Ada tiga pendapat dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat yang dianggap sebagai sumber hukum tentang poligami dan yang ada dalam kitab-kitab tafsir Alquran. Pertama, kelompok penafsir yang mengizinkan poligami dan sangat fleksibel. Kedua, kelompok penafsir yang mengizinkan poligami namun memiliki persyaratan yang sangat ketat. Ketiga, kelompok penafsir yang menolak dan melarang dan bahkan menganggap poligami sebagai tindakan melanggar hukum karena alasan apapun. Dalam konteks seperti itu, Syekh Mushthafā al-'Adawī ingin memberikan penjelasan lengkap tentang pemahaman poligami terutama yang berkaitan dengan konsep kesetaraan dalam poligami dengan menafsirkan ayat-ayat qur'an yang dipahami secara kontroversial dengan menggunakan metode untuk menafsirkan Qur'an dengan ayat-ayat Al Qur'an lainnya, narasi yang baik, munāsabah al-ayāt, dan konteks ayat poligami itu sendiri.
KELUARGA SAKINAH: KONSEP & POLA PEMBINAAN
Authors: Mawardi Marmiati 
Published: September 2017

This study aims to find out the general description of the sakinah family, the pattern of sakinah family coaching, and the community response to the development of sakinah Family in Salatiga City with the target of community research in Argomulyo District. This research is descriptive with qualitative approach. One of the reseach objects was Uswatun Khasanah from Pamot village, Noborejo Sub-district, originally classified as pre-sakinah. Findings of this study stated that guidance given by KUA (religious officers) in Argomulyo could not reach maximum level because it only served people more with general guidance in the form of religious sermons than in the form of practical skills; while people saw a family could not be justified as ideal unless it meets both spiritual and material needs. Therefore, it is recommended that the Ministry of Religious Affairs revisit its concept of Islamic ideal family, increase the funds for the guidance in order to give better services to more people, and make a good relationship with other elements of regional institutions, religious leaders and public figures.<br />---<br /><br />Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran umum tentang keluarga sakinah, pola pembinaan keluarga sakinah, dan Respons masyarakat terhadap pembinaan Keluarga sakinah di Kota Salatiga dengan sasaran penelitian masyarakat di Kecamatan Argomulyo. Penelitian ini bersifat diskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Salah satu kelompok binanan keluarga pra sakinah adalah Uswatun Khasanah, Dusun Pamot, Kelurahan Noborejo, semula tergolong pra sakinah. Pasca Pembinaan ada kesadaran dalam masyarakat untuk mewujudkan kehidupan yang agamis, mengalami peningkatan dibidang keagamaan maupun perekonomian. Perubahan tersebut karena keikutsertaan dalam kegiatan pengajian dan faktor perubahan lingkungan. Keberhasialan ini tidak lepas dari peran penyuluh dan tokoh agama maupun tokoh masyarakat setempat. Pembinaan masih bersifat umum dalam bentuk pengajian, pembinaan ketrampilan belum banyak dilakukan. Pembinaan keluarga sakinah yang dilakukan KUA Argomulyo belum maksimal. Kementrian Agama perlu perlu dipertegas konsep keluarga sakinah disesuaikan dengan kondisi mayarakat dan perlu menambah alokasi dana pembinaan keluaraga agar bisa menjangkau masyarakat luas dan perlu membangan kerjasama dengan Pemda,tokoh agama dan tokoh masyarakat
CORAK PEMIKIRAN TASAWUF KYAI SALEH DARAT SEMARANG: Kajian Atas Kitab Minhāj Al-Atqiyā’
Authors: Shabir Muslich 
Published: September 2017

Kyai Saleh Darat is a scholar who wrote about 12 books using the Java language with Arabic pegon, one of them is <em>Minhāj al-Atqiyā'</em>. In the book which is a translation and explanation of <em>Hidāyat al-Adzkiyā' i1ā Tharīq al-Auliyā' </em>written by Al-Malibari, there are some personal opinions of Kyai Saleh which are able to describe his characteristic thinking of tasawuf. Generally speaking, tasawuf is divided into sunni tasawuf and falsafi tasawuf. Sunni tasawuf is tasawuf bordering and underlying the Quran and the Hadith of the Prophet as well as distancing itself from the various deviation of akidah that tend to lead to heresy and disbelief. On the other hand, falsafi tasawuf is tasawuf which is deemed to have been put into them philosophical views from outside Islam like the Indian, Greek, Persian and Christian. Supporters of this concept explain that the syari'at is not important, the more important matters is the true tauhid in accordance with the doctrine of <em>wa<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>dah al­-wujud.</em> Observing the concept of tasawuf written in the Book of <em>Minhaj al-Atqiya'</em> it can be seen that tasawuf developed by Kyai Saleh is sunni tasawuf which is very stressed in syari`at practice. He is a great admirer of A1-Ghazali and the book written by him refers to the opinion of A1-Ghazali, one of the most instrumental figure in reconciling tasawuf and syari’at at which therefore tasawuf is accepted by syari’ah scholars<br />---<br /><br />Kyai Saleh Darat merupakan seorang ulama’ yang menulis sekitar 12 kitab berbahasa Jawa dengan huruf Arab pegon yang salah satunya adalah <em>Minhāj al-Atqiyā'.</em> Di dalam kitab yang merupakan terjemah dan syarah dari <em>Hidāyat al-Adzkiyā' i1ā Tharīq al-Auliyā' </em>karya Al-Malibari itu terdapat beberapa pendapat pribadi Kyai Saleh yang bisa menggambarkan corak pemikiran tasawufnya. Secara umum, tasawuf dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu tasawuf sunni dan tasawuf falsafi. Tasawuf sunni adalah tasawuf yang memagari dan mendasarinya dengan Al-Qur'an dan Hadits Nabi serta menjauhkan diri dari berbagai penyimpangan akidah yang cenderung membawa kepada kesesatan dan kekafiran. Di sisi lain, tasawuf falsafi adalah tasawuf yang dianggap telah dimasukkan ke dalamnya pandangan-pandangan filosofis dari luar Islam seperti dari India, Yunani, Persia dan Kristen. Pendukung paham ini menyatakan bahwa syari'at tidaklah penting, yang lebih penting adalah tauhid sejati yang sesuai dengan doktrin <em>wa<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>dah al­-wujud.</em> Mencermati konsep tasawuf yang terdapat dalam Kitab <em>Minhaj al-Atqiya'</em> dapat diketahui bahwa tasawuf yang dikembangkan oleh Kyai Saleh adalah tasawuf sunni yang sangat menekankan pengamalan syari`at. Dia adalah pengagum berat A1-Ghazali dan kitab yang disusunnya banyak mengacu kepada pendapat A1-Ghazali, seorang tokoh yang paling berjasa dalam mendamaikan atau merujukkan tasawuf dan syari`at yang karenanya tasawuf diterima oleh ahli syari'ah
Allocation of surface and subsurface water resources to competing uses under climate changing conditions: a case study in Halkidiki, Greece
Authors: Katirtzidou M. , Latinopoulos P. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The present study describes an integrated modeling framework for surface and groundwater resources planning, management and allocation. The study area includes four groundwater systems of Halkidiki Prefecture in Northern Greece, all facing serious water quality and/or quantity issues, especially during the summer period due to intensive agricultural activity and tourism. Within all four systems, the water demand is met exclusively by groundwater resources. Initially, a supply–demand model is applied under different climate conditions to assess groundwater resource availability. Then a certain quantity of surface water is considered available, due to the potential (future) construction and operation of two reservoirs within the study area and an optimal water allocation model using linear programming is developed. The combined use and allocation of surface and subsurface water under climate changing conditions is also being studied by investigating three additional scenarios in which either every one of the two reservoirs operates solely or both reservoirs operate together. The model was applied using Water and Evaluation Planning (WEAP) software, while the climate data were abstracted from Regional Climate Model REGCM3_10 km and ERA-Interim reanalysis data bases. Finally, the results of unmet demand, water supply coverage and reservoir storage were evaluated as water management action efficiency indicators.
Evaluación de la diversidad de bacterias lácticas y levaduras en quesos frescos de cabra de la quebrada de Humahuaca
Authors: Ancasi E Gustavo , Maldonado S , Oliszewski R 
Published: September 2017

Los quesos frescos de cabra artesanales de la quebrada de Humahuaca son elaborados con leche cruda, cuya maduración genera sabores, aromas y texturas característicos de la región. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron identificar y caracterizar bacterias lácticas (BAL) y levaduras nativas, aisladas de quesos frescos de esta zona productora. De un total de 36 muestras sembradas en agar Sabouraud, agar MRS y M17, se obtuvieron 128 levaduras y 39 lactobacilos, los que fueron identificados fenotípicamente y evaluadas las siguientes propiedades tecnológicas: pH a la coagulación, tasa de acidificación, proteólisis en agar leche, lipólisis en agar triacetina, producción de acetoína en leche reconstituida y asimilación del citrato en agar citrato. Lb. delbruekii subsp. bulgaricus, Lb. casei subsp. pseudoplantarum, Lb. plantarum var. arabinosus, Lb. plantarum var. plantarum, Lb. casei subsp. rhamnosus, Lb. acidophilus, Lb. helveticus, Lb. fermentum, Lb. brevis var. brevis, Lactococos sp. y Enterococcus sp. fueron las bacterias lácticas identificadas. Del total de los aislamientos, 41,6% coagularon la leche en 10 horas y 33% en 5 horas. Lb. helveticus coaguló la leche a pH de 5,40 en 5 horas, hasta alcanzar un valor final de 4,16 en 24 h, mientras que Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus y Lb. fermentum iniciaron la coagulación en 5 horas, con valores de pH iniciales de 4,81 y 4,92 hasta valores finales de 4,19 y 4,21 respectivamente. Lb. helveticus, Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lb. plantarum var. arabinosus, Lb. fermentum, Lb. casei subsp. rhamnsosus, Lb. casei subsp. pseudoplantarum, Lb. brevis var. brevis, en orden descendente, demostraron tener capacidad acidificante. Lb. fermentum y Lb. casei subsp. pseudoplantarum desarrollaron actividad proteolítica y sólo Lb. plantarum var. plantarum demostró tener actividad lipolítica. Las levaduras aisladas fueron Debaryomyces hansenii, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Kluyveromyces lactis, Wickerbamiela domerquiae, Dekkera bruxellensis, Candida valdiviana, Candida novakii, Dekkera bruxellensis, Candida versatilis, Candida magnoliae, Candida albicans, Pichia anómala, Dekkera anómala y Rodotorula sp. Cepas de D. hansenii, C. magnoliae, Z. rouxii,C. versatilis y K. lactis tuvieron actividad proteolítica y lipólitica, y una cepa de W. domerquiae tuvo solamente actividad proteolítica. Algunas cepas de K. lactis produjeron acetoína y D. bruxellensis y C. versatilis metabolizaron el citrato, hidrolizaron la caseína y tuvieron actividad lipolítica. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio muestran que la composición de las poblaciones de BAL y levadura en quesos artesanales es específica de la región. Los conocimientos adquiridos en este estudio podrían ser utilizados para la obtención de cultivos iniciadores con cepas de BAL y levaduras específicas de la región, destinados a la producción de quesos frescos con origen geográfico específico.
El cuerpo humano como sistema de aprovechamiento de la energía solar
Authors: Escobar-Durango Lina Marcela , Becerra-Becerra Ariel R. , Parra- Medina Claudia P. 
Published: September 2017

Este artículo presenta una caracterización del comportamiento del cuerpo humano como un sistema complejo de aprovechamiento de la energía solar.La mayor parte de los seres vivos tiene como su principal fuente de energía el Sol, sea esta fuente directa o indirecta, tal como sucede con los organismos autótrofos y heterótrofos dentro de los que podemos nombrar otras clasificaciones como fotótrofos, fotoautótrofos, quimioautótrofos y otros. Se resalta que los organismos heterótrofos en parte toman su energía de los autótrofos, y para estos últimos la mayor parte de energía proviene del Sol. En el presente trabajo se analiza el ser humano como un organismo dependiente en gran parte de la energía solar aunque un tanto por ciento de esa energía proviene indirectamente. Se hace una clasificación de los subsistemas de aprovechamiento en el hombre y se demuestra que si tenemos en cuenta hasta una tercera etapa de la cadena alimenticia el hombre como muchos organismos, es dependiente en un gran porcentaje de la energía suministrada por el Sol.
MENATA DIRI DAN MENEGAKKAN PANCASILA: KAJIAN TERHADAP GEGURITAN DALAM MAJALAH-MAJALAH BERBAHASA JAWA DI YOGYAKARTA PASCA KEMERDEKAAN SAMPAI DENGAN TAHUN 1966
Authors: Satiyoko Yohanes Adhi 
Published: September 2017

Recognizing Pancasila within Indonesian national and governmental life dynamic activities story could be comprehended through some guritan expression as written and published during postindependence to 1966 era in Javanese magazines, Praba, Kembang Brayan, and Medan Bahasa Basa Djawi. Review to those guritans was conducted using sociology theory by Janet Wolff by presenting social cultural phenomena in postindependence to 1966 era and interpreting content of guritans as written and published at that era. The result shows that the content of the guritans is ideology to as citizens to self reconcile and stand up Pancasila as dasic ideology of Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia ABSTRAK Mengenal kembali Pancasila dalam dinamika perjalanan kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara Indonesia dapat dipahami melalui ekspresi beberapa guritan yang ditulis dan diterbitkan masa pascakemerdekaan dengan tahun 1966 di majalah berbahasa Jawa, Praba, Kembang Brayan, dan Medan Bahasa Basa Djawi. Kajian terhadap guritan-guritan tersebut dilakukan dengan teori sosiologi sastra Janet Wolff, yaitu dengan melihat fenomena sosial budaya yang terjadi pada masa pascakemerdekaan sampai dengan tahun 1966 dan menafsirkan isi guritan-guritan yang ditulis dan diterbitkan pada masa itu. Hasil pembacaan terhadap guritan-guritan tersebut menunjukkan sebuah ideologi untuk mengajak masyarakat menata diri dan menegakkan Pancasila sebagai dasar ideologi Negara Kesatuan Repiblik Indonesia.
NILAI-NILAI PEMBENTUK KARAKTER DALAM CERITA RAKYAT ASAL-USUL WATU DODOL
Authors: Indiarti Wiwin 
Published: September 2017

Folktale is one of media which can be used as a device in building children’s positive characters through the moral and educational values in it. This article is based on a qualitative descriptive research aims at identifying values of character building in a folktale from Banyuwangi entitled “Asal-Usul Watu Dodol” (The Origin of Watu Dodol). Data collecting is conducted by reading the folktale text in the book “Banyuwangi Folktales” repeatedly and identifying data about keywords related to values of character building. The data, then, are analyzed by using content analysis technique. The result shows that ten values of character building are found in “Asal-Usul Watu Dodol”, that are, religiosity, honesty, hardworking, curiosity, citizenship, patriotism, accomplishment, friendliness, compassion and responsibility. ABSTRAK Cerita rakyat merupakan salah satu media yang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai sarana membangun karakter positif pada anak melalui nilai-nilai moral dan pendidikan karakter yang terkandung dalam cerita. Artikel ini didasarkan pada penelitian deskriptif kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi nilai-nilai pembentuk karakter yang terdapat dalam cerita rakyat Banyuwangi berjudul Asal-usul Watu Dodol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan membaca teks cerita rakyat termaksud yang terdapat dalam buku Cerita Rakyat Banyuwangi secara berulang-ulang dan mengidentifikasi data yang berupa kata kunci yang berkaitan dengan nilai-nilai pembentuk karakter dalam cerita. Selanjutnya data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya 10 nilai pembentuk karakter dalam cerita rakyat Asal-usul Watu Dodol; yaitu religius, jujur, kerja keras, ingin tahu, semangat kebangsaan, cinta tanah air, menghargai prestasi, bersahabat/ komunikatif, peduli sosial, dan tanggung jawab.