bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A numerical strategy for finite element modeling of frictionless asymmetric vocal fold collision
Authors: Granados Alba , Misztal Marek Krzysztof , Brunskog Jonas , Visseq Vincent , Erleben Kenny 
Published: April 2016

SummaryAnalysis of voice pathologies may require vocal fold models that include relevant features such as vocal fold asymmetric collision. The present study numerically addresses the problem of frictionless asymmetric collision in a self‐sustained three‐dimensional continuum model of the vocal folds. Theoretical background and numerical analysis of the finite‐element position‐based contact model are presented, along with validation. A novel contact detection mechanism capable to detect collision in asymmetric oscillations is developed. The effect of inexact contact constraint enforcement on vocal fold dynamics is examined by different variational methods for inequality constrained minimization problems, namely, the Lagrange multiplier method and the penalty method. In contrast to the penalty solution, which is related to classical spring‐like contact forces, numerical examples show that the parameter‐independent Lagrange multiplier solution is more robust and accurate in the estimation of dynamical and mechanical features at vocal fold contact. Furthermore, special attention is paid to the temporal integration schemes in relation to the contact problem, the results suggesting an advantage of highly diffusive schemes. Finally, vocal fold contact enforcement is shown to affect asymmetric oscillations. The present model may be adapted to existing vocal fold models, which may contribute to a better understanding of the effect of the nonlinear contact phenomenon on phonation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collision of Almost Parallel Vortex Filaments
Authors: Banica Valeria , Faou Erwan , Miot Evelyne 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe investigate the occurrence of collisions in the evolution of vortex filaments through a system introduced by Klein, Majda, and Damodaran and Zakharov . We first establish rigorously the existence of a pair of almost parallel vortex filaments, with opposite circulation, colliding at some point in finite time. The collision mechanism is based on one of the self‐similar solutions of the model, described by the authors in an earlier work. In the second part of this paper we extend this construction to the case of an arbitrary number of filaments, with polygonal symmetry, that are perturbations of a configuration of parallel vortex filaments forming a polygon, with or without its center, rotating with constant angular velocity.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solving Random Quadratic Systems of Equations Is Nearly as Easy as Solving Linear Systems
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Candès Emmanuel J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe consider the fundamental problem of solving quadratic systems of equations in , and is unknown. We propose a novel method, which starts with an initial guess computed by means of a spectral method and proceeds by minimizing a nonconvex functional as in the Wirtinger flow approach [13]. There are several key distinguishing features, most notably a distinct objective functional and novel update rules, which operate in an adaptive fashion and drop terms bearing too much influence on the search direction. These careful selection rules provide a tighter initial guess, better descent directions, and thus enhanced practical performance. On the theoretical side, we prove that for certain unstructured models of quadratic systems, our algorithms return the correct solution in linear time, i.e., in time proportional to reading the data {ai} and {yi} as soon as the ratio m/n between the number of equations and unknowns exceeds a fixed numerical constant. We extend the theory to deal with noisy systems in which we only have and prove that our algorithms achieve a statistical accuracy, which is nearly unimprovable. We complement our theoretical study with numerical examples showing that solving random quadratic systems is both computationally and statistically not much harder than solving linear systems of the same size—hence the title of this paper. For instance, we demonstrate empirically that the computational cost of our algorithm is about four times that of solving a least squares problem of the same size. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrabright Lanthanide Nanoparticles
Authors: Goetz Joan , Nonat Aline , Diallo Abdoulaye , Sy Mohamadou , Sera Ildan , Lecointre Alexandre , Lefevre Christophe , Chan Chi Fai , Wong Ka‐Leung , Charbonnière Loïc J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Dr. Loïc J. Charbonnière at CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, France and Dr. Ka‐Leung Wong at Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong. The cover picture shows terbium‐doped LaF3 nanoparticles that are surface functionalized by photon‐harvesting antenna ligands. Surface capping with antenna ligands leads to ultrabright nanoparticles, with the typical green luminescence signature of the Tb atoms and very long excited‐state lifetimes. These lanthanide dots can be incorporated into living cells at nanomolar concentrations for luminescence microscopy imaging. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201600007.
Lignin‐Based Thermoplastic Materials
Authors: Wang Chao , Kelley Stephen S. , Venditti Richard A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLignin‐based thermoplastic materials have attracted increasing interest as sustainable, cost‐effective, and biodegradable alternatives for petroleum‐based thermoplastics. As an amorphous thermoplastic material, lignin has a relatively high glass‐transition temperature and also undergoes radical‐induced self‐condensation at high temperatures, which limits its thermal processability. Additionally, lignin‐based materials are usually brittle and exhibit poor mechanical properties. To improve the thermoplasticity and mechanical properties of technical lignin, polymers or plasticizers are usually integrated with lignin by blending or chemical modification. This Review attempts to cover the reported approaches towards the development of lignin‐based thermoplastic materials on the basis of published information. Approaches reviewed include plasticization, blending with miscible polymers, and chemical modifications by esterification, etherification, polymer grafting, and copolymerization. Those lignin‐based thermoplastic materials are expected to show applications as engineering plastics, polymeric foams, thermoplastic elastomers, and carbon‐fiber precursors.
Hierarchical Layered WS2/Graphene‐Modified CdS Nanorods for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xiang Quanjun , Cheng Feiyue , Lang Di 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGraphene‐based ternary composite photocatalysts with genuine heterostructure constituents have attracted extensive attention in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Here we report a new graphene‐based ternary composite consisting of CdS nanorods grown on hierarchical layered WS2/graphene hybrid (WG) as a high‐performance photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation. The optimal content of layered WG as a co‐catalyst in the ternary CdS/WS2/graphene composites was found to be 4.2 wt %, giving a visible light photocatalytic H2‐production rate of 1842 μmol h−1 g−1 with an apparent quantum eﬃciency of 21.2 % at 420 nm. This high photocatalytic H2‐production activity is due to the deposition of CdS nanorods on layered WS2/graphene sheets, which can efficiently suppress charge recombination, improve interfacial charge transfer, and provide reduction active sites. The proposed mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of CdS nanorods modified with hierarchical layered WG was further confirmed by transient photocurrent response. This work shows that a noble‐metal‐free hierarchical layered WS2/graphene nanosheets hybrid can be used as an effective co‐catalyst for photocatalytic water splitting.
Iterative nonlinear detection for SFBC SC–FDMA uplink MIMO transmission systems
Authors: Ganeshkumar P. , Selvaraj K. , Anandaraj M. , Vijayakumar K. P. 
Published: April 2016

SummarySingle‐carrier frequency division multiple access (SC‐FDMA) systems with space frequency block coding (SFBC) transmissions achieve both spatial and frequency diversity gains in wireless communications. However, SFBC SC‐FDMA schemes using linear detectors suffer from severe performance deterioration because of noise enhancement propagation and additive noise presence in the detected output. Both issues are similar to inter‐symbol‐interference (ISI). Traditionally, SC‐FDMA system decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is often used to eliminate ISI caused by multipath propagation. This article proposes frequency domain turbo equalization based on nonlinear multiuser detection for uplink SFBC SC‐FDMA transmission systems. The presented iterative receiver performs equalization with soft decisions feedback for ISI mitigation. Its coefficients are derived using minimum mean squared error criteria. The receiver configuration study is Alamouti's SFBC with two transmit and two receive antennas. New receiver approach is compared with the recently proposed suboptimal linear detector for SFBC SC‐FDMA systems. Simulation results confirm that the performance of the proposed iterative detection outperforms conventional detection techniques. After a few iterations, bit‐error‐rate performance of the proposed receiver design is closely to the matched filter bound. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Significant inverse association between serum osteocalcin and incident type 2 diabetes in a middle‐aged cohort
Authors: Shu Hua , Pei Yu , Chen Kang , Lu Juming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence indicates that osteocalcin links bone formation to glucose homeostasis. However, the correlation between osteocalcin and incident type 2 diabetes has been controversial based on the limited results of cohort studies. We examined the link between serum osteocalcin and glucose homeostasis including incident type 2 diabetes in a 3‐year follow‐up study.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 1870 middle‐aged subjects (1279 men, 591 women) at Chinese PLA General Hospital who were followed‐up for 3 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine whether incident type 2 diabetes was influenced by the osteocalcin concentrations measured with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.ResultsAt baseline, the blood glucose levels and prevalence of metabolic syndrome varied inversely with the osteocalcin quartiles. During follow‐up, type 2 diabetes developed in 80 of the 1870 subjects. The prevalence decreased with osteocalcin quartiles (P = 0.016). In models adjusted for metabolism‐related parameters, osteocalcin was inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose {β = −0.017 [95% confidence interval (CI), −0.034–0.00], P = 0.040}. Osteocalcin was inversely related to the risk of incident type 2 diabetes assessed using a model adjusted for glucose metabolic parameters, 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.09 [95% CI, 0.01–0.96], P = 0.046). The onset risk of diabetes in the first osteocalcin quartile was higher than in the fourth quartile (HR = 1.67 [95% CI, 0.96–3.48], P = 0.035). The correlation was strongly significant after fully adjusting for glucose related parameters and bone turnover (HR = 3.02 [95% CI, 1.25–7.32], P = 0.014).ConclusionsLow serum osteocalcin concentrations at baseline were independently related to an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pdgfrb‐Cre targets lymphatic endothelial cells of both venous and non‐venous origins
Authors: Ulvmar Maria H. , Martinez‐Corral Ines , Stanczuk Lukas , Mäkinen Taija 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Pdgfrb‐Cre line has been used as a tool to specifically target pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. Recent studies showed additional targeting of cardiac and mesenteric lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) by the Pdgfrb‐Cre transgene. In the heart, this was suggested to provide evidence for a previously unknown nonvenous source of LECs originating from yolk sac (YS) hemogenic endothelium (HemEC). Here we show that Pdgfrb‐Cre does not, however, target YS HemEC or YS‐derived erythro‐myeloid progenitors (EMPs). Instead, a high proportion of ECs in embryonic blood vessels of multiple organs, as well as venous‐derived LECs were targeted. Assessment of temporal Cre activity using the R26‐mTmG double reporter suggested recent occurrence of Pdgfrb‐Cre recombination in both blood and lymphatic ECs. It thus cannot be excluded that Pdgfrb‐Cre mediated targeting of LECs is due to de novo expression of the Pdgfrb‐Cre transgene or their previously established venous endothelial origin. Importantly, Pdgfrb‐Cre targeting of LECs does not provide evidence for YS HemEC origin of the lymphatic vasculature. Our results highlight the need for careful interpretation of lineage tracing using constitutive Cre lines that cannot discriminate active from historical expression. The early vascular targeting by the Pdgfrb‐Cre also warrants consideration for its use in studies of mural cells. genesis 54:350–358, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Genesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short‐term effects of media exposure to the thin ideal in female inpatients with an eating disorder compared to female inpatients with a mood or anxiety disorder or women with no psychiatric disorder
Authors: Loeber Sabine , Burgmer Ramona , Wyssen Andrea , Leins Judith , Rustemeier Martina , Munsch Simone , Herpertz Stephan 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivePrevious research demonstrated that the exposure to media portrayals of the thin body ideal negatively affects body satisfaction and mood of healthy women and thus represents a sociocultural risk factor for the development of eating disorders. However, at present, it is not known whether negative effects of the thin ideal are pronounced in eating‐disordered patients.MethodFemale inpatients with a current diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (N = 36), bulimia nervosa (N = 32), or mood or anxiety disorder (N = 31), and women with no current psychiatric diagnosis were randomly assigned to exposure to magazine pictures depicting the thin female body ideal or landscape scenes in two experimental phases (leafing through a magazine followed by instructed imagination of a picture from the magazine). The groups were compared on measures of body satisfaction and mood that were collected before and after the two phases.ResultsLeafing through a fashion magazine was not associated with negative effects on body satisfaction or mood in all groups. Imagining the thin ideal resulted in a decrease in body satisfaction and a decrease in positive mood. We found no diagnosis‐specific effects indicating no stronger negative impact of the thin ideal on eating‐disorder patients.DiscussionGiven the lacking differences between eating‐disordered patients and controls, these findings underline the importance of future research to enhance our understanding of what happens when patients are exposed to external or internal stimuli of media images of the thin ideal. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:708–715)
Adcyap1 polymorphism covaries with breeding latitude in a Nearctic migratory songbird, the Wilson's warbler (Cardellina pusilla)
Authors: Bazzi Gaia , Galimberti Andrea , Hays Quentin R. , Bruni Ilaria , Cecere Jacopo G. , Gianfranceschi Luca , Hobson Keith A. , Morbey Yolanda E. , Saino Nicola , Guglielmo Christopher G. , Rubolini Diego 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic background of complex behavioral traits, showing multigenic control and extensive environmental effects, is a challenging task. Among such traits, migration is known to show a large additive genetic component. Yet, the identification of specific genes or gene regions explaining phenotypic variance in migratory behavior has received less attention. Migration ultimately depends on seasonal cycles, and polymorphism at phenological candidate genes may underlie variation in timing of migration or other aspects of migratory behavior. In this study of a Nearctic–Neotropical migratory songbird, the Wilson's warbler (Cardellina pusilla), we investigated the association between polymorphism at two phenological candidate genes, Clock and Adcyap1, and two aspects of the migratory phenotype, timing of spring migration through a stopover site and inferred latitude of the breeding destination. The breeding destination of migrating individuals was identified using feather deuterium ratio (δ2H), which reliably reflects breeding latitude throughout the species' western breeding range. Ninety‐eight percent of the individuals were homozygous at Clock, and the rare heterozygotes did not deviate from homozygous migration phenology. Adcyap1 was highly polymorphic, and allele size was not significantly associated with migration date. However, Adcyap1 allele size significantly positively predicted the inferred breeding latitude of males but not of females. Moreover, we found a strong positive association between inferred breeding latitude and Adcyap1 allele size in long‐distance migrating birds from the northern sector of the breeding range (western Canada), while this was not the case in short‐distance migrating birds from the southern sector of the breeding range (coastal California). Our findings support previous evidence for a role of Adcyap1 in shaping the avian migratory phenotype, while highlighting that patterns of phenological candidate gene–phenotype associations may be complex, significantly varying between geographically distinct populations and even between the sexes.
Genomic signatures of the plateless phenotype in the threespine stickleback
Authors: Mazzarella Anna B. , Boessenkool Sanne , Østbye Kjartan , Vøllestad Leif Asbjørn , Trucchi Emiliano 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis of traits involved in adaptive divergence and speciation is one of the most fundamental objectives in evolutionary biology. Toward that end, we look for signatures of extreme plate loss in the genome of freshwater threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Plateless stickleback have been found in only a few lakes and streams across the world; they represent the far extreme of a phenotypic continuum (plate number) that has been studied for years, although plateless individuals have not yet been the subject of much investigation. We use a dense single nucleotide polymorphism dataset made usingRADseq to study fish from three freshwater populations containing plateless and low plated individuals, as well as fish from full plated marine populations. Analyses were performed usingFastStructure, sliding windowsFST,Bayescan and latent factor mixed models to search for genomic differences between the low plated and plateless phenotypes both within and among the three lakes. At least 18 genomic regions which may contribute to within‐morph plate number variation were detected in our low plated stickleback populations. We see no evidence of a selective sweep between low and plateless fish; rather reduction of plate number within the low plated morph seems to be polygenic.
Aversion and attraction to harmful plant secondary compounds jointly shape the foraging ecology of a specialist herbivore
Authors: Humphrey Parris T. , Gloss Andrew D. , Alexandre Nicolas M. , Villalobos Martha M. , Fremgen Marcella R. , Groen Simon C. , Meihls Lisa N. , Jander Georg , Whiteman Noah K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMost herbivorous insect species are restricted to a narrow taxonomic range of host plant species. Herbivore species that feed on mustard plants and their relatives in the Brassicales have evolved highly efficient detoxification mechanisms that actually prevent toxic mustard oils from forming in the bodies of the animals. However, these mechanisms likely were not present during the initial stages of specialization on mustard plants ~100 million years ago. The herbivorous fly Scaptomyza nigrita (Drosophilidae) is a specialist on a single mustard species, bittercress (Cardamine cordifolia; Brassicaceae) and is in a fly lineage that evolved to feed on mustards only in the past 10–20 million years. In contrast to many mustard specialists, S. nigrita does not prevent formation of toxic breakdown products (mustard oils) arising from glucosinolates (GLS), the primary defensive compounds in mustard plants. Therefore, it is an appealing model for dissecting the early stages of host specialization. Because mustard oils actually form in the bodies of S. nigrita, we hypothesized that in lieu of a specialized detoxification mechanism, S. nigrita may mitigate exposure to high GLS levels within plant tissues using behavioral avoidance. Here, we report that jasmonic acid (JA) treatment increased GLS biosynthesis in bittercress, repelled adult female flies, and reduced larval growth. S. nigrita larval damage also induced foliar GLS, especially in apical leaves, which correspondingly displayed the least S. nigrita damage in controlled feeding trials and field surveys. Paradoxically, flies preferred to feed and oviposit on GLS‐producing Arabidopsis thaliana despite larvae performing worse in these plants versus non‐GLS‐producing mutants. GLS may be feeding cues for S. nigrita despite their deterrent and defensive properties, which underscores the diverse relationship a mustard specialist has with its host when lacking a specialized means of mustard oil detoxification.
Consequences of mating with siblings and nonsiblings on the reproductive success in a leaf beetle
Authors: Müller Thorben , Müller Caroline 
Published: April 2016

AbstractChoosing a suitable mating partner is crucial for the fitness of an individual, whereby mating with siblings often results in inbreeding depression. We studied consequences of mating with siblings versus nonsiblings in the mustard leaf beetle, Phaedon cochleariae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), on lifetime reproductive traits. Furthermore, we analyzed whether cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles are family specific and could potentially influence the mating behavior of young adults. We hypothesized a reduced reproductive success of females mated with siblings and a more rapid mating of males with nonsiblings. The hatching rate from eggs of sibling pairs was lower compared to that of nonsibling pairs, pointing to inbreeding depression. Furthermore, the number of eggs laid by females decreased over time in both sibling and nonsibling pairs. Interestingly, the CHC profiles and the body mass differed between families. However, the beetles did not avoid siblings and accepted them as readily as nonsiblings for mating in no‐choice tests. In summary, although it had negative consequences to mate a sibling and although siblings could potentially be recognized by their CHC profiles, the beetles did not show a delayed mating with siblings. Our results indicate that P. cochleariae beetles have not developed a precopulatory mechanism to avoid inbreeding, at least under the test conditions applied here. We predict that instead a polyandrous mating system and/or postcopulatory mechanisms might have evolved in this species by which inbreeding costs can be reduced.
Enantioselective Allylic Substitution of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Adducts Catalyzed by Chiral Bifunctional Ferrocenylphosphines
Authors: Zhu Linglong , Hu Haiwen , Qi Liang , Zheng Yi , Zhong Weihui 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA series of air‐stable chiral ferrocenylphosphines (LB1–LB4) were prepared and used in the asymmetric allylic substitution of Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) adducts with phthalimide under mild reaction conditions; the (R,SFc)‐ferrocenylphosphine LB4 afforded the desired amination products 3 in moderate yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The absolute configuration of 3o was confirmed by X‐ray analysis.