bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of a conjugated microporous polymer membrane and its application for membrane catalysis
Authors: Lee Jieun , Kim Jong Gil , Chang Ji Young 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA flexible and free standing conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) membrane was prepared using a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) electrospun membrane as a template. The PVP nanofibers of the template membrane were coated with a thin layer of the CMP through the in situ Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reaction of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene and 1,4-diiodobenzene. The PVP nanofibers were removed by the solvent extraction to produce the CMP membrane, which retained the entangled fibrous structure of the template membrane. Each fiber showed a hollow tubular structure having a CMP wall with a thickness of tens of nanometers. The microporous polymer membrane exhibited a high BET surface area with hierarchical porosity and good permeability. As a catalytic CMP membrane, the Ag nanoparticle-immobilized microporous polymer membrane was fabricated using an electrospun PVP@Ag membrane as a template. After being coated with the CMP, the PVP nanofibers were removed by the solvent extraction, but the Ag nanoparticles were trapped in the microporous polymer shell. The catalytic CMP membrane was successfully used for the catalytic reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol. The hollow tubular structure and hierarchical porosity of the membrane allowed for the reactants to easily penetrate into the CMP wall and to contact the Ag nanoparticles, resulting in the high catalytic activity.
Florfenicol-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Autophagy in Fibroblasts
Authors: Hu Dongfang , Cao Shengliang , Zhang Guihua , Xiao Yihong , Liu Sidang , Shang Yingli 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFlorfenicol (FLO) is one of the most popular antibiotics used in veterinary clinic and aquaculture. FLO can inhibit both bacterial and mitochondrial protein synthesis. However, the effects of FLO on mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis remain unclear. Here we show that FLO inhibits expression of mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, and promotes generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro. As a result, activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and IV and the cellular ATP level are decreased and mitochondrial morphology is damaged. FLO represses cell growth and proliferation by suppression of phosphorylation of p70S6K through AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Furthermore, FLO also induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest via increase of p21 levels through activating ROS/p53/p21 pathway. Moreover, the clearance of damaged mitochondria by autophagy is impaired, leading to cell proliferation inhibition and promotes cell senescence. In addition, FLO-induced upregulation of cytosolic p53 may contribute to mitophagy deficiency via regulation of Parkin recruitment. In summary, our data suggest that florfenicol is an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis that can induce noticeable cytotoxicity. Thus, these findings can be useful for guiding the proper use of FLO and the development of safe drugs.
Reference genes validation in Phenacoccus solenopsis under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions
Authors: Arya Surjeet Kumar , Jain Gourav , Upadhyay Santosh Kumar , Sarita  , Singh Harpal , Dixit Sameer , Verma Praveen Chandra 
Published: October 2017

AbstractReal-time PCR (RT-qPCR) expression analysis is a powerful analytical technique, but for normalization of data requires the use of stable reference genes. However, suitable reference genes are still not known in the case ofPhenacoccus solenopsisunder variable experimental treatments. The present study focused on the identification of stable housekeeping genes as a reference for analysis under different abiotic and biotic factors inP.solenopsis. We analyzed the relative expression of six commonly used candidate reference genes in different developmental stages, host-feeding assay, temperature treatments and field distribution conditions. Expression stabilities were analyzed by geNorm, NormFinder, and RefFinder. Under developmental and field distribution conditions,β-Tubulinwas found to be most stable reference genes followed byrpl32 and α-Tubulin. In the case host feeding treatment conditions,β-Tubulinandα-tubulinidentified to be the most stable reference genes, while in temperature stress, a combination ofα-Tubulinandrpl32found to be suitable for normalizing the RT-qPCR data. Further, the above-identified genes were validated using RT-qPCR based gene expression analysis of four objective genes namely,Myoinhibitory peptides(MIPs),Zinc_metalloprotease(Zn_Mp),fatty acid synthase(fas)and alpha-glucosidase. Identified reference genes will facilitate gene expression studies in future under different stress treatments inP.solenopsis.
Decreasing Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis sensitivity of Chironomus riparius larvae with age indicates potential environmental risk for mosquito control
Authors: Kästel Anna , Allgeier Stefanie , Brühl Carsten A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMosquito control based on the use ofBacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti) is regarded as an environmental friendly method. However, Bti also affects non-target chironomid midges that are recognized as a central resource in wetland food webs. To evaluate the risk for different larval stages ofChironomus ripariuswe performed a test series of daily acute toxicity laboratory tests following OECD guideline 235 over the entire aquatic life cycle of 28 days. Our study is the first approach that performs an OECD approved test design with Bti andC. ripariusas a standard organism in ecotoxicological testing. First-instar larvae ofChironomus ripariusshow an increased sensitivity towards Bti which is two orders of magnitude higher than for fourth instar larvae. Most EC50 values described in the literature are based on acute toxicity tests using third and fourth instar larvae. The risk for chironomids is underestimated when applying the criteria of the biocide regulation EU 528/2012 to our data and therefore the existing assessment approval is not protective. Possible impacts of Bti induced changes in chironomid abundances and community composition may additionally affect organisms at higher trophic levels, especially in spring when chironomid midges represent a key food source for reproducing vertebrates.
Nuclear fragments of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM with or without polysialic acid differentially regulate gene expression
Authors: Westphal Nina , Theis Thomas , Loers Gabriele , Schachner Melitta , Kleene Ralf 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is the major carrier of polysialic acid (PSA) which modulates NCAM functions of neural cells at the cell surface. In previous studies, we have shown that stimulation of cultured neurons with surrogate NCAM ligands leads to the generation and nuclear import of PSA-lacking and -carrying NCAM fragments. Here, we show that the nuclear import of the PSA-carrying NCAM fragment is mediated by positive cofactor 4 and cofilin, which we identified as novel PSA-binding proteins. In the nucleus, the PSA-carrying NCAM fragment interacts via PSA with PC4 and cofilin, which are involved in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. Microarray analysis revealed that the nuclear PSA-carrying and -lacking NCAM fragments affect expression of different genes. By qPCR and immunoblot analysis we verified that the nuclear PSA-carrying NCAM fragment increases mRNA and protein expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 6, whereas the PSA-lacking NCAM fragment increases mRNA and protein expression of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 and α-synuclein. Differential gene expression evoked by nuclear NCAM fragments without and with PSA indicates that PSA-carrying and -lacking NCAM play different functional roles in the nervous system.
A virus carries a gene encoding juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase, a key regulatory enzyme in insect metamorphosis
Authors: Takatsuka Jun , Nakai Madoka , Shinoda Tetsuro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMicrobial parasitism, infection, and symbiosis in animals often modulate host endocrine systems, resulting in alterations of phenotypic traits of the host that can have profound effects on the ecology and evolution of both the microorganisms and their hosts. Information about the mechanisms and genetic bases of such modulations by animal parasites is available from studies of steroid hormones. However, reports involving other hormones are scarce. We found that an insect virus, a betaentomopoxvirus, encodes a juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase that can synthesize an important insect hormone, the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this gene is of bacterial origin. Our study challenges the conventional view that functional enzymes in the late phase of the juvenile hormone biosynthesis pathway are almost exclusive to insects or arthropods, and shed light on juvenoid hormone synthesis beyond Eukaryota. This striking example demonstrates that even animal parasites having no metabolic pathways for molecules resembling host hormones can nevertheless influence the synthesis of such hormones, and provides a new context for studying animal parasite strategies in diverse systems such as host-parasite, host-symbiont or host-vector-parasite.
Novel cycloneolignans from Vernicia fordii with inhibitory effects on over-activation of BV2 cells in vitro
Authors: Zhao Wei-Hong , Li Ning , Chu Yang , Sun Tao , Wang Jian , Wang Wen-Li , Li Jia-Yuan , Lin Bin , Chen Ru , Hou Yue 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNovel natural products 7R, 8R, 7′R, 9′S-verniciasin A (1a), 7S, 8S, 7′S, 9′R- verniciasin A (1b), 7R, 8R, 7′R, 9′S−7′-methoxylverniciasin A (2a) and 7S, 8S, 7′S, 9′R−7′-methoxylverniciasin A (2b) were characterized from the seed capsule of Vernicia fordii. And the unique 9-O-9′−7, 9′-cyclo-8, 1′-neolignan skeleton with a seven-membered ring, was identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Further the possible biosynthetic pathway was briefly discussed. Interestingly, 1a, 2a, 1b and 2b all exhibited significant stereoselective inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-induced BV2 microglia cell. Then the primary mechanism of the bioactivities and stereoselectivity was explored by means of bioassay and molecular docking.
Autophagy induces apoptosis and death of T lymphocytes in the spleen of pigs infected with CSFV
Authors: Gou Hongchao , Zhao Mingqiu , Fan Shuangqi , Yuan Jin , Liao Jiedan , He Wencheng , Xu Hailuan , Chen Jinding 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLymphocyte depletion and immunosuppression are typical clinical characteristics of pigs infected with classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The apoptosis of virus-infected and bystander cells plays a role in the immunopathology of classical swine fever (CSF). Here, we offer the first evidence that autophagy is involved in apoptosis and death of T lymphocytes in the spleen of pigs infected with CSFV. Using immunohistochemical assays, we observed that more LC3II-positive cells appear in the T-cell zone of spleens. Spleen cell apoptosis was demonstrated using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. Confocal immunofluorescence revealed that partial LC3II-positive cells were simultaneously TUNEL-positive. By cultivating spleen cells ex vivo, we demonstrated that the inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA treatment inhibited apoptosis and death of T lymphocytes caused by CSFV infection but did not have this effect on B lymphocytes. Further observations demonstrated that uninfected cells in the spleen were also undergoing autophagy in vivo. In summary, these results linked autophagy with the apoptosis and cell death of splenic T cells, providing a new outlook to understand the mechanism of T lymphocyte depletion and immunosuppression during CSF.
3D integrated monolayer graphene–Si CMOS RF gas sensor platform
Authors: Mortazavi Zanjani Seyedeh Maryam , Holt Milo , Sadeghi Mir Mohammad , Rahimi Somayyeh , Akinwande Deji 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntegration of a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and monolayer graphene is a significant step toward realizing low-cost, low-power, heterogeneous nanoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional materials such as gas sensors capable of enabling future mobile sensor networks for the Internet of Things (IoT). But CMOS and post-CMOS process parameters such as temperature and material limits, and the low-power requirements of untethered sensors in general, pose considerable barriers to heterogeneous integration. We demonstrate the first monolithically integrated CMOS-monolayer graphene gas sensor, with a minimal number of post-CMOS processing steps, to realize a gas sensor platform that combines the superior gas sensitivity of monolayer graphene with the low power consumption and cost advantages of a silicon CMOS platform. Mature 0.18 µm CMOS technology provides the driving circuit for directly integrated graphene chemiresistive junctions in a radio frequency (RF) circuit platform. This work provides important advances in scalable and feasible RF gas sensors specifically, and toward monolithic heterogeneous graphene–CMOS integration generally.
ATLASGAL – Ammonia observations towards the southern Galactic plane
Authors: Wienen M. , Wyrowski F. , Menten K. M. , Urquhart J. S. , Walmsley C. M. , Csengeri T. , Koribalski B. S. , Schuller F. 
Published: October 2017

Context. The initial conditions of molecular clumps in which high-mass stars form are poorly understood. In particular, a more detailed study of the earliest evolutionary phases is needed. The APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the whole inner Galactic disk at 870 μm, ATLASGAL, has therefore been conducted to discover high-mass star-forming regions at different evolutionary phases.
Aims. We derive properties such as velocities, rotational temperatures, column densities, and abundances of a large sample of southern ATLASGAL clumps in the fourth quadrant.
Methods. Using the Parkes telescope, we observed the NH3 (1, 1) to (3, 3) inversion transitions towards 354 dust clumps detected by ATLASGAL within a Galactic longitude range between 300° and 359° and a latitude within ± 1.5°. For a subsample of 289 sources, the N2H+ (1–0) line was measured with the Mopra telescope.
Results. We measured a median NH3 (1, 1) line width of ~ 2 km s-1, rotational temperatures from 12 to 28 K with a mean of 18 K, and source-averaged NH3 abundances from 1.6 × 10-6 to 10-8. For a subsample with detected NH3 (2, 2) hyperfine components, we found that the commonly used method to compute the (2, 2) optical depth from the (1, 1) optical depth and the (2, 2) to (1, 1) main beam brightness temperature ratio leads to an underestimation of the rotational temperature and column density. A larger median virial parameter of ~ 1 is determined using the broader N2H+ line width than is estimated from the NH3 line width of ~ 0.5 with a general trend of a decreasing virial parameter with increasing gas mass. We obtain a rising NH3 (1, 1)/N2H+ line-width ratio with increasing rotational temperature.
Conclusions. A comparison of NH3 line parameters of ATLASGAL clumps to cores in nearby molecular clouds reveals smaller velocity dispersions in low-mass than high-mass star-forming regions and a warmer surrounding of ATLASGAL clumps than the surrounding of low-mass cores. The NH3 (1, 1) inversion transition of 49% of the sources shows hyperfine structure anomalies. The intensity ratio of the outer hyperfine structure lines with a median of 1.27 ± 0.03 and a standard deviation of 0.45 is significantly higher than 1, while the intensity ratios of the inner satellites with a median of 0.9 ± 0.02 and standard deviation of 0.3 and the sum of the inner and outer hyperfine components with a median of 1.06 ± 0.02 and standard deviation of 0.37 are closer to 1.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Resection of Parapharyngeal Space Tumors
Authors: Duek Irit , Sviri Gill , Billan Salem , Gil Ziv 
Published: October 2017

Background Surgical removal of parapharyngeal space tumors (PPST) poses challenges due to the complex anatomy of the region. PPSTs are routinely resected by a transcervical approach using blind finger dissection. Large PPSTs or those located high at the skull base, often require transmandibular or infratemporal fossa approaches, associated with considerable morbidity.
Objective Here, we describe an approach for PPST removal that comprises transcervical endoscopic, with or without transoral robotic technique.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively studied the demographic, clinical, surgical, and outcome data of 11 consecutive patients who underwent PPST excision between June 2013 and July 2017 at our center. Patients either underwent a transcervical endoscopic procedure (n = 4), a transoral robotic procedure (n = 2) or a combination of the two procedures (n = 5).
Results Complete tumor excision was achieved in all cases, with no intra-, peri-, or postoperative complications. Final histopathologic findings demonstrated pleomorphic adenoma for seven patients, cavernous hemangioma for one patient, and malignant tumors for three patients. The average tumor size was 44.22 ± 31.9 cm3 (range: 7.5–111 cm3). At follow-up (range: 3–42 months), there was no evidence of recurrence.
Conclusions The approach described provides improved visualization and safe vascular control with minimum tumor stress, preventing the need for blind finger dissection, and allowing complete tumor removal while minimizing tumor spillage, nerve injury, and blood loss, maintaining excellent cosmetic and functional results. This approach could be utilized for the removal of large benign PPST, or small PPST located high.
Structure and information in spatial segregation
Authors: Chodrow Philip S. 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceThe multiscalar structure of ethnoracial spatial segregation informs both urban policy and sociological theory, but existing methods for studying this structure have limitations. The tools developed in this paper enable flexible, multiscalar forms of analysis and visualization for spatial segregation. These tools illuminate how spatial boundaries between demographic groups contribute to overall segregation, those boundaries change over time, and the scale of segregation varies throughout a region. They apply to both ethnoracial and income segregation and can be used to study large geographic datasets.
Emotional positioning as a cognitive resource for arguing
Authors: Polo Claire , Plantin Christian , Lund Kristine , Niccolai Gerald Peter 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper consists of a detailed analysis of how the participants in a debate build their emotional position during the interaction and
how such a position is strongly related to the conclusion they defend. In this case study, teenage Mexican, students, arguing about access
to drinking water, display extensive discursive work on the emotional tonality given to the issue. Plantin’s (2011) methodological tools are adopted to follow two alternative emotional framings produced by disagreeing students,
starting from a common, highly negative, thymic tonality. Through the analysis of four parameters (distance to the problem;
causality/agentivity; possibility of control and conformity to the norms) we describe how the emotional dimension of
schematization (Grize 1997) is argumentatively relevant. In authentic
discourse, it is impossible to separate emotion from reason. The conclusion section discusses the implications for the design of
argumentation-based pedagogical activities.
Butas a stance marker in Nigerian investigative public hearings
Authors: Unuabonah Foluke Olayinka 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study examines the kinds of stance thatbutas a contrastive marker signals in Nigerian investigative public hearings, with a view to exploring the contexts in which the stances are made. The study examines forty purposively selected investigative public hearing sessions which involve interactions between complainants, defendants and a hearing panel. The data are analysed qualitatively utilisingDu Bois’ (2007)interactional view of stance andMartin and White’s (2005)Appraisal system. Results indicate thatbutsignals epistemic, evidential, emotive and evaluative stances within the narrative, interrogative and closing contexts. These stances and their contextual patterns depend heavily on the roles, goals and knowledge of the participants as stancetakers who position themselves, and align with other participants and the wider discourse community in order to express evaluation and intersubjective positioning.
Visiting graves, tombs and shrines in Islamic Law.
Authors: Güney N. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

This chapter explores the issues and concepts associated with the burial of the dead in Islam, the construction of graves and tombs and their visitation. It looks at the debate over the permissibility of visiting sacred sites like tombs and shrines in the Sunni legal tradition. In addition to discussing the evidence put forward by both sides of the discussion, it introduces the proper etiquette of visiting graves in the Islamic tradition and endeavours to reach a balanced conclusion.
Cardiovascular infections
Authors: Török M. Estée , Cooke Fiona J. , Moran Ed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter covers infective endocarditis characterized by infections of the endocardial surface of the heart, intravascular catheter-related infections, endovascular infections, myocarditis (which is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium), pericarditis (which is an inflammation of the pericardium), and mediastinitis (which is an infection involving the mediastinal structures).
Skin and soft tissue infections
Authors: Török M. Estée , Cooke Fiona J. , Moran Ed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter covers impetigo (with lesions commonly affecting children in tropical and subtropical regions), folliculitis affecting hair follicles, cutaneous abscesses involving collections of pus within the dermis and deeper skin structures, furuncles (boils which are deep inflammatory nodules), carbuncles (which are deeper lesions), ecthyma (punched-out ulcers caused by Staphylococcus aureus or group A streptococci), erysipelas with lymphatic involvement, and cellulitis which extends into the subcutaneous tissue.
Immunodeficiency and HIV
Authors: Török M. Estée , Cooke Fiona J. , Moran Ed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter covers primary and secondary immunodeficiency, antibody deficiency syndromes, selective T-cell deficiency, infections in asplenic patients and transplant recipients, neutropenic sepsis, HIV epidemiology, natural history, and classification, initial evaluation of the HIV patient, skin, oral, cardiovascular, neurological, and pulmonary complications, HIV gastrointestinal, liver, and kidney disease, HIV infection and malignancy, as well as HIV prevention.