bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing sex-specific selection against deleterious alleles: males don’t pay for sex
Authors: Prokop Zofia M. , Prus Monika A. , Gaczorek Tomasz S. , Markot Karolina , Palka Joanna K. , Mendrok Magdalena 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSelection acting on males can reduce mutation load of sexual relative to asexual populations, thus mitigating the two-fold cost of sex. This requires that it seeks and destroys the same mutations as selection acting on females, but with higher efficiency, which could happen due to sexual selection-a potent evolutionary force that in most systems predominantly affects males. We used replicate populations of red flour beetles(Tribolium castaneum)to study sex-specific selection against deleterious mutations introduced with ionizing radiation. Additionally, we employed a novel approach to quantify the relative contribution of sexual selection to the overall selection observed in males. The induced mutations were selected against in both sexes, with decreased sexual competitiveness contributing, on average, over 40% of the total decline in male fitness. However, we found no evidence for selection being stronger in males than in females; in fact, we observed a non-significant trend in the opposite direction. These results suggest that selection on males does not reduce mutation load below the level expected under the (hypothetical) scenario of asexual reproduction. Thus, we found no support for the hypothesis that sexual selection contributes to the evolutionary maintenance of sex.
Fast and Robust Segmentation of Copy Number Profiles Using Multi-Scale Edge Detection
Authors: Kwee Ivo W , Rinaldi Andrea , de Campos Cassio Polpo , Bertoni Francesco 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTRaw copy number data is highly dimensional, noisy and can suffer from so-called genomic wave artifacts. We introduce a novel method based on multi-scale edge detection in derivative space. By using derivatives, the algorithm was very fast and robust against genomic waves. Our method compared very well to existing state-of-the-art segmentation methods and importantly outperformed these if noise and wave artifacts were well present.
Differential modulation of the cellular and humoral immune responses inDrosophilais mediated by the endosomal ARF1-Asrij axis
Authors: Khadilkar Rohan J. , Chetan D.R. , RoyChowdhury Sinha Arghyashree , Magadi Srivathsa S. , Kulkarni Vani , Inamdar Maneesha S 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHow multicellular organisms maintain immune homeostasis across various organs and cell types is an outstanding question in immune biology and cell signaling. In Drosophila, blood cells (hemocytes) respond to local and systemic cues to mount an immune response. While endosomal regulation ofDrosophilahematopoiesis is reported, the role of endosomal proteins in cellular and humoral immunity is not well-studied. Here we demonstrate a functional role for endosomal proteins in immune homeostasis. We show that the ubiquitous trafficking protein ADP Ribosylation Factor 1 (ARF1) and the hemocyte-specific endosomal regulator Asrij differentially regulate humoral immunity. ARF1 and Asrij mutants show reduced survival and lifespan upon infection, indicating perturbed immune homeostasis. The ARF1-Asrij axis suppresses the Toll pathway anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) by regulating ubiquitination of the inhibitor Cactus. The Imd pathway is inversely regulated-while ARF1 suppresses AMPs, Asrij is essential for AMP production. Several immune mutants have reduced Asrij expression, suggesting that Asrij co-ordinates with these pathways to regulate the immune response. Our study highlights the role of endosomal proteins in modulating the immune response by maintaining the balance of AMP production. Similar mechanisms can now be tested in mammalian hematopoiesis and immunity.
Supported work experience and its impact on young people with intellectual disabilities, their families and employers
Authors: Beyer Stephen , Meek Andrea , Davies Amy 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The Real Opportunities project set out to implement a number of the approaches identified through research that can assist transition to adulthood in nine local authority areas in Wales. Supported work experience was delivered by small job coaching teams in each area. The purpose of this paper is to establish the impact of the work experience and employment teams by describing the placements provided, any change in the skills of young people, and the responses to the placements by employers, young people and their families.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected over 24 months by participating employment services. Questionnaires were administered to employers. Interviews were carried out with a sub-sample of young people (24) participating and a family member (25).Findings– Over a 24-month period 297 young people received supported work experience. In total, 262 young people had an intellectual disability, 35 an autistic spectrum disorder. Up to three placements were delivered to each person, averaging five weeks per placement, with 405 placements in total. In total, 62 per cent of those with two placements had a different category of second work placement to their first. These numbers demonstrated that work experience in community placements is possible with support. Young people improved work skills significantly between first and second placements. Employers reported high satisfaction rates with the young person’s work in a range of key performance areas and company benefits from participation for other staff, company image and customer relations. Interviews with 24 young people and 25 of their family members reported satisfaction with support and placements. Six young people had paid work now, and 33 per cent said they would get a job at some future time. Families reported changes in young person’s outlook but their view of prospects of employment remained pessimistic due to the external environment.Research limitations/implications– Implications for future research are discussed.Practical implications– Implications for transition are discussed.Originality/value– The paper provides new insight into the impact of a large number of supported work experience placements.
Prader Willi syndrome: systematic review of the prevalence and nature of presentation of unipolar depression
Authors: Walton Catherine , Kerr Mike 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence and nature of presentation of unipolar depression in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS).

Design/methodology/approach
– The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) (2009) checklist for systematic reviews was followed where possible.

Findings
– Seven studies were included in the qualitative synthesis from a total of 261 records identified. The quality of the studies was then assessed: scores for each study design ranged from between 3 and 6 of a possible score total of 6. The frequency of depression ranged between studies from 4 to 22 per cent. four studies showed over 50 per cent of patients appeared to suffer from psychotic symptoms. Low mood, anhedonia and irritability were described as features of depression, although no fixed pattern of psychopathology arose from across the studies (excluding psychosis). This review has provided evidence to suggest that depression is a frequent occurrence in the PWS population. One study found that the incidence of depression differed between the genetic subtypes, raising questions regarding the relationship between genotype and behavioural phenotypes. A high proportion of individuals with depression suffered from psychotic symptoms.

Research limitations/implications
– The small number of heterogeneous studies included in this study precluded meta-analysis of the results. This highlights the need for further original research in this field.

Practical implications
– An increased awareness of the frequency of depressive symptoms within the PWS population will aid in the timely diagnosis and management of the disorder which will reduce psychiatric morbidity. The noted high proportion of psychotic symptoms associated with depression should raise the index of suspicion with clinicians and aid appropriate management decisions.

Originality/value
– This review has provided preliminary evidence for the nature of presentation of unipolar depression in PWS. It has highlighted the possibility of an increased propensity towards depression with psychotic symptoms. There is some suggestion of a differing presentation and course of unipolar depression between the common genetic subtypes of PWS which warrants further investigation.
Resistance to the new paradigm from the other? Personal reflections on becoming a disability psychotherapist
Authors: McInnis Erica E 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to reflect on putting a paradigm shift into practice to become a disability psychotherapist (Frankish, 2013a).

Design/methodology/approach
– A personal reflective account.

Findings
– The author suggests seven conditions necessary or advisable for growth of disability psychotherapy (DP) within the workplace.

Originality/value
– Strategies to help implementation of DP have not been published to date.
Baby Dreams: pricing for products and apparel
Authors: Quoquab Farzana , Ahmad Fauziah Sh. , Hazarina Nor , Ahmad Maisarah 
Published: June 2016

Subject area
Marketing Management, Entrepreneurship.

Study level/applicability
This case meant for advanced undergraduate students, taking courses of marketing management that covers the topics related to pricing strategies. With regard to strategic marketing class, this case can be used to explain how pricing strategy plays significant role in attracting and retaining customers.

Case overview
This case teaches about the importance of understanding the marketing strategies pertaining to pricing. Nora the entrepreneur of Baby Dreams focusing on baby items was in a dilemma in deciding the appropriate pricing strategy for her business. She was in doubt whether her low-price strategy which she believed was appropriate for the low- and middle-income groups was the best strategy for her business. The drastic decrease in sales pushed her to think about the effectiveness of her pricing. All together, Nora owned three Baby Dreams’ outlets. However, due to poor sales, she had to shut down two outlets in 2013. For the last outlet, she had to take an immediate decision in terms of pricing, as the start-up money was depleting, and with no improvement, it was expected to be finished by May 2014.

Expected learning outcomes
Using this case, students will be able to have an intellectual openness in accepting different ways of finding a solution for a particular problem. This case illustrates the importance of understanding the marketing strategies pertaining to pricing. Moreover, it is also highlighted that, offering low price is not the panacea of sales decrease. It is also necessary for the small business’s survival to look at competitors’ pricing effort to come up with a better pricing policy.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
The empowering of public sector officers in the Mauritian public sector in the context of reforms
Authors: Lukea Bhiwajee Soolakshna , Garavan Thomas N. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to provide insights about the usefulness of management education for the public sector in the Republic of Mauritius, which embarked on reforms initiatives around two decades ago. In this context, public officers were encouraged to follow specialised management courses. However, as at date, there is considerable evidence to say that the Mauritian public sector has not been successful in adopting new public sector management (NPM) doctrines. This study investigates into the effectiveness of the public sector management courses offered to the public servants in Mauritius to cope with NPM. It tries to identify the barriers that they face to implement what they have learnt, back at the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach
The study makes use of the qualitative method using thematic analysis to analyse data, which was gathered through an unstructured interview carried among principal assistant secretaries and assistant secretaries of the Mauritian public sector.

Findings
The study showed that while NPM is still making its way in the Mauritian public sector, officers perceived that management education has helped them in gaining the required scientific skills and competencies to cope with their day-to-day work. But applying them to the workplace has not been easy. The major factors put forward by these officers have been mainly the ingrained public sector culture and existing leadership.

Originality/value
While extant researches focus on the success or failure of the implementation of NPM in various governments around the world, this study investigates how far management education has helped public sector officers adopt NPM doctrines in the Mauritian government. In doing so, it has also identified the barriers to the implementation of NPM in the Mauritian public sector.
Does human capital contribute to economic growth in Mauritius?
Authors: Neeliah Harris , Seetanah Boopen 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Real gross domestic product (GDP) growth for Mauritius has averaged more than 5 per cent since 1970 and GDP per capita has increased more than tenfold between 1970 and 2012, from less than $500 to more than $9,000. It has often been reported that human capital, along with other growth enablers, has played an important role in this development. The purpose of this paper is to study this nexus.

Design/methodology/approach
A human capital augmented Cobb-Douglas production function is used, where output is also a function of capital and labour. One of the innovations of the present paper is the use of a composite index to proxy human capital. The authors investigate the impact of human capital on economic growth in a dynamic vector error correction modelling (VECM) framework.

Findings
The general results here show that stock, labour and human capital are all significant growth determinants, with human capital having a long-run output elasticity of 0.36. The VECM results generally validated the long-run output elasticity, although a relatively lower elasticity of 0.1 is obtained. Both sets of results tend to point to the fact that human capital has significantly contributed to economic growth in Mauritius.

Research limitations/implications
The current paper paves the way for future work, which can build on the composite HCI developed here and aggregate it with relevant variables representing tertiary education and training, to better analyze and further understand the role of human capital on economic growth in Mauritius.

Originality/value
Here, the authors posit that human capital is an aggregate of health, education and nutrition, and the authors use a composite index along with other contributing factors to study its impact on economic growth, within a VECM framework.
Examining the antecedents of prosocial silence: a relational perspective
Authors: Hawass Hisham Hamid 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the relational self-identity and prosocial silence in the context of the Egyptian public sector. It also examines the mediating effect of relational maintenance strategies among co-workers (RMSC) on the aforementioned relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study uses a questionnaire that consists of measures adopted from existing and tested scales. A parallel mediation analysis is conducted using Sobel test for specific indirect effects in regression analysis.

Findings
– The findings reveal that high relational employees do not engage in prosocial silence unless they are involved in networking and shared tasks strategies.

Originality/value
– Prosocial silence has received limited attention despite its drastic effects in employee well-being. This study provides initial insights concerning the dynamics of social behaviours which motivate employees to avoid speaking up in order to not embarrass a workplace friend.
The impact of employees’ status on incivility, deviant behaviour and job insecurity
Authors: Itzkovich Yariv 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– Drawing on the exchange model and the multidimensional approach to job insecurity, the purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between perceived incivility and two possible outcomes: job insecurity and employee deviance, while differentiating between two separate groups of targets, namely targets who possess high employment status and targets with low employment status.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected in 2014 in Israel. An on-line questionnaire method was used, through which 648 valid responses were collected and analyzed using structural equational modeling.Findings–H1andH2maintained that incivility would have a positive impact on job insecurity and employee deviance. The other three hypotheses maintained that the perception of incivility, as well as the relationship between incivility and both job insecurity and employee deviance, would be stronger for employees working under less favorable employment conditions. The model’s fit indices indicated a good fit, suggesting that all five hypotheses were accepted.Originality/value– This study elaborates on previous studies by showing that incivility can predict job insecurity and employee deviance. Data related to the potential deviant outcomes of incivility are relatively rare. Additionally, the current research framed incivility, which is a micro-level behavior, in a wider context of employment relations. As precarious employment arrangements are on the rise, it is necessary to understand its hidden implications and threats to both employees and organizations. From a methodological point of view, this study introduced a shorter version of Robinson and Bennett’s (1995) workplace deviance scale, which pertains to the authors’ theoretical model.
Laboratory services: regaining and maintaining control
Authors: Lee Graham R. , Fitzgibbon Maria C. , O'Shea Paula 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– After implementing an internal quality control (IQC) programme, the purpose of this paper is to maintain the requisite analytical performance for clinical laboratory staff, thereby safeguarding patient test results for their intended medical purpose.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors address how quality can be maintained and if lost, how it can be regained. The methodology is based on the experience working in clinical laboratory diagnostics and is in accord with both international accreditation requirements and laboratory best practice guidelines.

Findings
– Monitoring test performance usually involves both prospective and retrospective IQC data analysis. The authors present a number of different approaches together with software tools currently available and emerging, that permit performance monitoring at the level of the individual analyser, across analysers and laboratories (networks). The authors make recommendations on the appropriate response to IQC rule warnings, failures and metrics that indicate analytical control loss, that either precludes further analysis, or signifies deteriorating performance and eventual unsuitability. The authors provide guidance on systematic troubleshooting, to identify undesirable performance and consider risk assessment preventive measures and continuous quality improvement initiatives; e.g., material acceptance procedures, as tools to help regain and maintain analytical control and minimise potential for patient harm.

Practical implications
– The authors provide a template for use by laboratory scientific personnel that ensures the optimal monitoring of analytical test performance and response when it changes undesirably.

Originality/value
– The proposed template has been designed to meet the International Organisation for Standardisation for medical laboratories ISO15189:2012 requirements and therefore includes the use of External Quality Assessment and patient results data, as an adjunct to IQC data.
Different bankruptcy prediction patterns in an emerging economy: Iranian evidence
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Mousavi Shiri Mahmoud 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Bankruptcy, stock price fluctuations and making decisions to invest on the listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange show the need to have some tools for evaluating the financial potential of companies. One of the tools for evaluating financial power to investment in companies is using analysis of financial ratios and obtaining the patterns for predicting the bankruptcy of companies. The purpose of this study is to modify the current patterns for predicting bankruptcy in proportion to the environmental status of Iran and to present a new pattern for determining the bankruptcy of the listed companies.

Design/methodology/approach
To modify the patterns and present a new pattern, in this research, the hypotheses pertinent to the ability for right classification of the companies are designed by the modified patterns of predicting the company’s bankruptcy and ranking, that is according to the envelopment analysis method and by comparison of the results and presenting a new prediction pattern.

Findings
The hypotheses test results show that modification of bankruptcy patterns and presentation of a new bankruptcy pattern are confirmed by the data envelopment analysis.

Originality/value
The current paper is almost the first paper which combined several different methods of bankruptcy prediction.
Directors’ pay regulation: “one goal two approaches”
Authors: Ndzi Ernestine 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the two different approaches adopted in the UK to regulate directors’ remuneration. The paper also aims to explore the two approaches to understand which one better regulates directors’ pay and why. It provides an account of the two approaches’ evolution, effectiveness and challenges towards the regulation of directors’ remuneration. The paper will also make some recommendations on both approaches and the way forward to better regulate directors’ remuneration.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews various corporate governance codes, its recommendations on directors’ remuneration, its effectiveness and the challenges it face in regulating directors’ remuneration. The paper also reviews provisions of the Companies Act 2006 on directors’ remuneration, its effectiveness and challenges faced.FindingsThe paper finds that corporate governance adopts a better approach to regulating directors’ pay than the Companies Act 2006 because it targets the pay setting process. However, the existence of grey areas and lack of enforcement procedure poses a challenge on its effectiveness. The Companies Act 2006 is unable to regulate directors’ pay adequately because it adopts a corrective approach and it considers directors’ remuneration as a management responsibility.Originality/valueThe paper offers an up-to-date assessment of the two approaches to regulating directors’ pay in the UK. It highlights the challenges faced by both approaches and which approach could regulate directors pay better and its challenges. The paper further makes recommendations on how the regulation of directors’ remuneration can be effective in the UK.