bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between elliptical form error and rotation accuracy of hydrostatic journal bearing
Authors: Zha Jun , Chen Yaolong , Zhang Penghai 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The form error of shaft and hole parts is inevitable because of the machining error caused by rotation error of tool axis in machine tools where the elliptical form error is the most common in shaft and bearing bush. The purpose of this paper is to present the relationship between the elliptical form error and rotation accuracy for hydrostatic journal bearing in precision spindle and rotation table.

Design/methodology/approach
An error averaging effect model of hydrostatic journal bearing is established by using Reynolds equation, pressure boundary conditions, flux continuity equation of the land and kinetic equation of shaft in hydrostatic journal bearing. The effects of shaft and bearing bush on rotation accuracy were analyzed quantitatively.

Findings
The results reveal that the effect of shaft elliptical form error on rotation accuracy was six times larger than bearing bush. Therefore, to improve the rotation accuracy of hydrostatic journal bearing in spindle or rotation table, the machining error of shaft should be controlled carefully.

Originality/value
An error averaging model is proposed to evaluate the effect of an elliptical form error on rotation accuracy of hydrostatic journal bearings, which solves the Reynolds equation, the flux continuity equation and the kinetic equation. The determination of form error parameters of shaft and bearing bush can be yielded from finding results of this study for precision design of hydrostatic journal bearings.
Achieve a low carbon supply chain through product mix
Authors: Chen Xu , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: October 2017

PurposeIn the era of climate change, industrial organizations are under increasing pressure from consumers and regulators to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of product mix as a strategy to deliver the low carbon supply chain under the cap-and-trade policy.Design/methodology/approachThe authors incorporate the cap-and-trade policy into the green product mix decision models by using game-theoretic approach and compare these decisions in a decentralized model and a centralized model, respectively. The research explores potential behavioral changes under the cap-and-trade in the context of a two-echelon supply chain.FindingsThe analysis results show that the channel structure has significant impact on both economic and environmental performances. An integrated supply chain generates more profits. In contrast, a decentralized supply chain has lower carbon emissions. The cap-and-trade policy makes a different impact on the economic and environmental performances of the supply chain. Balancing the trade-offs is critical to ensure the long-term sustainability.Originality/valueThe research offers many interesting observations with respect to the effect of product mix strategy on operational decisions and the trade-offs between costs and carbon emissions under the cap-and-trade policy. The insights derived from the analysis not only help firms to make important operational and strategic decisions to reduce carbon emissions while maintaining their economic competitiveness, but also make meaningful contribution to governments’ policy making for carbon emissions control.
Signaling in joint venture capital: a social network perspective
Authors: Wu Jing , Li He , Zheng Haichao , Xu Yun 
Published: October 2017

PurposeBased on the theory of social networks, it is crucial to enhance information superiority through joint venture capital (VC). The purpose of this paper is to explore the impacts of different roles’ structural and relational embeddedness on the information superiority of joint VC alliances.Design/methodology/approachThe authors design the multiple linear regression models to investigate the leader’s investment ratio from a network embeddedness perspective. Panel data analysis and robustness tests are adopted based on the data from Chinese VCs Database.FindingsThe results show that VC leaders enjoy information search advantages because of their better network positions, while their followers lack this superiority. Information sharing among investors and investees may enhance the influences of structural embeddedness on investors’ information search advantages. Joint VC’s scale and its number of leaders could also increase VC alliances’ information superiority.Originality/valueThis research provides a more holistic understanding of the formation of joint VC alliances’ information superiority from a social network perspective. Both VC managers and social planners can seek guidance from this study to implement better strategies and policies to promote information symmetry in the VC market.
Professional ethics in the information age
Authors: Burmeister Oliver Kisalay 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Professional ethics is explored with three main foci: a critique of codes of conduct and the value of creating a global code for information and communication technology (ICT); a critique of ICT professional certification; and the debate over whether ICT is really a profession.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual reflection on the current state of the ICT industry internationally, informed by the literature.

Findings
Compared to a mature profession, such as health, ICT is a young profession. This is evidenced in the disparity of domains of practice, the lack of agreement on universal values governing the industry and the ongoing difficulties in creating international certification.

Originality/value
Until now, there has been little recognition of the corporatisation of ICT professionals and the effect that has on their ability to engage in appropriate professional ethics. More research is needed to explore appropriate ways in which ethical behaviour can be encouraged in the corporate workplace, including how professional development can be strengthened through building learning organisations.
Genotypic covariance between the performance of a resident species and community assembly in the field
Authors: Riedel Arthur M. , Monro Keyne , Blows Mark W. , Marshall Dustin J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Genetic variation in resident species can influence the assembly and dynamics of communities, but the potential for these genetic effects to persist across generations is largely unresolved. In principle, persistent, directional changes in communities are only predicted when community properties covary genetically with the fitness of resident species.

Estimates of genetic covariance between the fitness of a resident species and its community are therefore necessary to “close the eco‐evolutionary loop” in studies of community genetics, but such estimates are rare. Emulating community genetics experiments in plants, we used clonal replicates of 21 genotypes of a resident species (the encrusting bryozoan, Hippopodina) to investigate the magnitude of genotypic variance contributing to assembly of a marine benthic community.

Genotypes explained up to 35% of variation in community assembly. Critically, the performance of Hippopodina genotypes covaried both with the evenness of communities and with the abundances of some individual species, representing an indirect genetic effect that creates the potential for multigenerational interactions between Hippopodina and co‐existing species. Our results suggest that different genotypes will associate with different community members consistently across generations, and such non‐random associations can give rise to specialization. Further interactions between species other than Hippopodina itself may also be altered by effects of genetic variation in the focal species.

Furthermore, species in the community other than Hippopodina itself will interact more commonly in the presence of some genotypes over others.

Our results support the potential for genetic variation in one species to have deterministic effects on the dynamics of ecological communities.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
High resolution visualization and exo‐proteomics reveal the physiological role of XlnR and AraR in plant biomass colonization and degradation by Aspergillus niger
Authors: Kowalczyk Joanna E. , Khosravi Claire , Purvine Samuel , Dohnalkova Alice , Chrisler William B. , Orr Galya , Robinson Errol , Zink Erika , Wiebenga Ad , Peng Mao , Battaglia Evy , Baker Scott , de Vries Ronald P. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIn A. niger, two transcription factors, AraR and XlnR, regulate the production of enzymes involved in degradation of arabinoxylan and catabolism of the released l‐arabinose and d‐xylose. Deletion of both araR and xlnR in leads to reduced production of (hemi)cellulolytic enzymes and reduced growth on arabinan, arabinogalactan and xylan. In this study, we investigated the colonization and degradation of wheat bran by the A. niger reference strain CBS 137562 and araR/xlnR regulatory mutants using high‐resolution microscopy and exo‐proteomics. We discovered that wheat bran flakes have a ‘rough’ and ‘smooth’ surface with substantially different affinity towards fungal hyphae. While colonization of the rough side was possible for all strains, the xlnR mutants struggled to survive on the smooth side of the wheat bran particles after 20 and 40 h post inoculation. Impaired colonization ability of the smooth surface of wheat bran was linked to reduced potential of ΔxlnR to secrete arabinoxylan and cellulose‐degrading enzymes and indicates that XlnR is the major regulator that drives colonization of wheat bran in A. niger.
Application of stable‐isotope labelling techniques for the detection of active diazotrophs
Authors: Angel Roey , Panhölzl Christopher , Gabriel Raphael , Herbold Craig , Wanek Wolfgang , Richter Andreas , Eichorst Stephanie A. , Woebken Dagmar 
Published: October 2017

SummaryInvestigating active participants in the fixation of dinitrogen gas is vital as N is often a limiting factor for primary production. Biological nitrogen fixation is performed by a diverse guild of bacteria and archaea (diazotrophs), which can be free‐living or symbionts. Free‐living diazotrophs are widely distributed in the environment, yet our knowledge about their identity and ecophysiology is still limited. A major challenge in investigating this guild is inferring activity from genetic data as this process is highly regulated. To address this challenge, we evaluated and improved several 15N‐based methods for detecting N2 fixation activity (with a focus on soil samples) and studying active diazotrophs. We compared the acetylene reduction assay and the 15N2 tracer method and demonstrated that the latter is more sensitive in samples with low activity. Additionally, tracing 15N into microbial RNA provides much higher sensitivity compared to bulk soil analysis. Active soil diazotrophs were identified with a 15N‐RNA‐SIP approach optimized for environmental samples and benchmarked to 15N‐DNA‐SIP. Lastly, we investigated the feasibility of using SIP‐Raman microspectroscopy for detecting 15N‐labelled cells. Taken together, these tools allow identifying and investigating active free‐living diazotrophs in a highly sensitive manner in diverse environments, from bulk to the single‐cell level.
Study on nutritional monitoring of Persian malnourished school students: A check on reproducibility and validity of questionnaire
Authors: Ashourpour Mahkameh , Kaveh Mohammad‐Hossein , Salehi Musa , Tabatabaee Hamid‐Reza , Taghdir Maryam 
Published: October 2017

AimTo develop a nutritional screening tool and examine its reliability and validity in elementary school children with malnutrition based on PRECEDE–PROCEED model, in Shiraz, Iran.MethodsA questionnaire was designed and its reproducibility was analysed via test–retest design among students with malnutrition. The students were in the fourth to sixth grades. Validity was assessed using face validity, content validity, construct validity, item difficulty and item discrimination. Reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency), the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) and κ statistics (test–retest reliability).ResultsA total of 165 primary school students (mean age of 11.21 ± 1.08 years, 65.5% females) participated in the study. The PRECEDE–PROCEED theoretical model for health education was adapted for this questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into four main sections: predisposing, reinforcing, enabling factors and behaviour. Coefficient α reliability estimate was above 0.9 for most scales. The ICCs for different scales of the questionnaire were within the range of 0.402–0.800. Values for κ ranged from 0.412 to 0.785 for most scales.ConclusionsThe results showed reasonable validity, excellent reliability and moderate to substantial reproducibility for all scales of the questionnaire except two questions for κ statistics. The present study is of great importance, as there are no psychometrically evaluated tools (based on health behaviour models) with accepted validity and reliability for the evaluation of such factors in children with malnutrition. The questionnaire developed in the present study can be used to assess the effect of intervention among primary school students with malnutrition.
A Motion Analysis Protocol for Kinematic Assessment of Poly‐Articulated Prosthetic Hands With Cosmetic Gloves
Authors: Cutti Andrea Giovanni , Cordella Francesca , D'Amico Giulia , Sacchetti Rinaldo , Davalli Angelo , Guglielmelli Eugenio , Zollo Loredana 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo provide upper‐limb amputees with devices that best fit their needs and to test innovative solutions, it is necessary to quantitatively appraise a device performance with rigorous measurement methods. The aim of this work was to define an optimal motion analysis protocol, suitable for optoelectronic systems, to measure the kinematics of poly‐articulated hands even when covered by a cosmetic glove. This is a fundamental aspect, because gloves can decrease device speed and range of motion and, ultimately, patients' acceptance of the artificial limb. In this work, different mathematical models of the joints and marker‐sets for motion analysis were conceived. A regression model to choose a reduced marker‐set for studying the hand performance with different cosmetic glove models was developed. The proposed approaches for finger motion analysis were experimentally tested on the index finger of the i‐Limb, a commercial myoelectric poly‐articulated prosthetic hand, but the results can be easily extended to the whole hand and to other poly‐articulated prosthetic hands. The methods proposed for the performance analysis of prosthetic hands points out that the cosmetic gloves imply a reduction of the finger flexion/extension (F/E) angles and of the motion velocity. This draws attention to the need for performing independent cyclic tests on commercial products with various cosmetic solutions to better guide component selection.
Semi‐Automatic Conversion of 3D Shape into Flat‐Foldable Polygonal Model
Authors: Miyamoto Emi , Endo Yuki , Kanamori Yoshihiro , Mitani Jun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a method that can convert a given 3D mesh into a flat‐foldable model consisting of rigid panels. A previous work proposed a method to assist manual design of a single component of such flat‐foldable model, consisting of vertically‐connected side panels as well as horizontal top and bottom panels. Our method semi‐automatically generates a more complicated model that approximates the input mesh with multiple convex components. The user specifies the folding direction of each convex component and the fidelity of shape approximation. Given the user inputs, our method optimizes shapes and positions of panels of each convex component in order to make the whole model flat‐foldable. The user can check a folding animation of the output model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by fabricating physical paper prototypes of flat‐foldable models.
A probabilistic framework for component‐based vector graphics
Authors: Lieng Henrik 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe propose a framework for data‐driven manipulation and synthesis of component‐based vector graphics. Using labelled vector graphical images of a given type of object as input, our processing pipeline produces training data, learns a probabilistic Bayesian network from that training data, and offer various data‐driven vector‐related tools using synthesis functions. The tools ranges from data‐driven vector design to automatic synthesis of vector graphics. Our tools were well received by designers, our model provides good generalisation performance, also from small data sets, and our method for synthesis produces vector graphics deemed significantly more plausible compared with alternative methods.
Modeling Cumulus Cloud Scenes from High‐resolution Satellite Images
Authors: Zhang Zili , Liang Xiaohui , Yuan Chunqiang , Li Frederick W.B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe present a reconstruction framework, which fits physically‐based constraints to model large‐scale cloud scenes from satellite images. Applications include weather phenomena visualization, flight simulation, and weather spotter training. In our method, the cloud shape is assumed to be composed of a cloud top surface and a nearly flat cloud base surface. Based on this, an effective method of multi‐spectral data processing is developed to obtain relevant information for calculating the cloud base height and the cloud top height, including ground temperature, cloud top temperature and cloud shadow. A lapse rate model is proposed to formulate cloud shape as an implicit function of temperature lapse rate and cloud base temperature. After obtaining initial cloud shapes, we enrich the shapes by a fractal method and represent reconstructed clouds by a particle system. Experiment results demonstrate the capability of our method in generating physically sound large‐scale cloud scenes from high‐resolution satellite images.
Salivary C‐reactive protein and mean platelet volume in diagnosis of late‐onset neonatal pneumonia
Authors: Omran Ahmed , Ali Mohammed , Mohammad Mai H.S. , Zekry Osama 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal pneumonia is an important and major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide therefore; its early detection plays a crucial role in successful therapy. Analysis of saliva as a non‐invasive method for detection of neonatal diseases holds great promise for improving health care. Till now, salivary C‐reactive protein (CRP), mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelets/lymphocytes ratio (PLR) have not been studied as markers of diagnosis in neonatal pneumonia.ObjectiveTo assess the applicability of salivary CRP, MPV, NLR and PLR as diagnostic markers in late‐onset neonatal pneumonia.MethodsA prospective case control study of 70 full‐term neonates, 35 with late‐onset neonatal pneumonia and 35 healthy controls, was enrolled. Serum and salivary CRP concentrations were measured by ELISA, while MPV, NLR and PLR were measured by automated blood cell counter.ResultsThis study showed a statistically significant difference between salivary CRP means in neonates with late‐onset neonatal pneumonia vs control neonates (6.2 ± 4.6 and 2.8 ± 1.9 ng/L) respectively. At the cutoff point of 3.8 ng/L, salivary CRP showed 91.4% sensitivity and 80.9% specificity. Salivary CRP also showed accuracy in predicting elevated serum CRP in neonates with pneumonia. MPV showed a significant difference between pneumonia and controls (mean = 10.2 ± 0.7, 8 ± 0.5) respectively. At cutoff point 9.0, it has 80% sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionsThe present study showed for the first time that both salivary CRP and MPV are suitable as diagnostic markers in late‐onset neonatal pneumonia.
Venom is beneficial but not essential for development and survival of Nasonia
Authors: MARTINSON ELLEN O. , WERREN JOHN H. 
Published: October 2017

1. Parasitoid wasps sting and inject venom into arthropod hosts, which alters host metabolism and development while keeping the host alive for several days, presumably to induce benefits for the parasitoid young.2. This study investigates the consequences of host envenomation on development and fitness of wasp larvae in the ectoparasitoid Nasonia vitripennis, by comparing wasps reared on live unstung, previously stung, and cold‐killed hosts. Developmental arrest and suppression of host response to larvae are major venom effects that occur in both stung and cold‐killed hosts, but not in unstung hosts, whereas cold‐killed hosts lack venom effects that require a living host. Thus, cold‐killed hosts mimic some of the effects of venom, but not others.3. Eggs placed on live unstung hosts have significantly higher mortality during development; however, successfully developing wasps from these hosts have similar lifetime fecundity to that of wasps from cold‐killed or stung hosts. Therefore, although venom is beneficial, it is not required for wasp survival.4. While wasps developing on both cold‐killed and stung hosts have similar fitness levels, rearing multiple generations on cold‐killed hosts results in significant fitness reductions of wasps.5. It is concluded that the largest benefits of venom are induction of host developmental arrest and suppression of host response to larva (e.g. immune responses), although more subtle benefits may accrue across generations or under stressful conditions.
Altered TDP‐43‐dependent splicing in HSPB8‐related distal hereditary motor neuropathy and myofibrillar myopathy
Authors: Cortese A. , Laurà M. , Casali C. , Nishino I. , Hayashi Y. K. , Magri S. , Taroni F. , Stuani C. , Saveri P. , Moggio M. , Ripolone M. , Prelle A. , Pisciotta C. , Sagnelli A. , Pichiecchio A. , Reilly M. M. , Buratti E. , Pareyson D. 
Published: October 2017

Background and purposeMutations in the small heat‐shock protein 22 gene (HSPB8) have been associated with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 2L, distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) type IIa and, more recently, distal myopathy/myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) with protein aggregates and TDP‐43 inclusions. The aim was to report a novel family with HSPB8K141E‐related dHMN/MFM and to investigate, in a patient muscle biopsy, whether the presence of protein aggregates was paralleled by altered TDP‐43 function.MethodsWe reviewed clinical and genetic data. We assessed TDP‐43 expression by qPCR and alternative splicing of four previously validated direct TDP‐43 target exons in four genes by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe triplets and their mother presented in the second to third decade of life with progressive weakness affecting distal and proximal lower limb and truncal muscles. Nerve conduction study showed a motor axonal neuropathy. The clinical features, moderately raised creatin kinase levels, selective pattern of muscle involvement on magnetic resonance imaging and pathological changes on muscle biopsy, including the presence of protein aggregates, supported the diagnosis of a contemporary primary muscle involvement. In affected muscle tissue we observed a consistent alteration of TDP‐43‐dependent splicing in three out of four TDP‐43‐target transcripts (POLDIP3, FNIP1 and BRD8), as well as a significant decrease of TDP‐43 mRNA levels.ConclusionsOur study confirmed the role of mutated HSPB8 as a cause of a combined neuromuscular disorder encompassing dHMN and MFM with protein aggregates. We identified impaired RNA metabolism, secondary to TDP‐43 loss of function, as a possible pathological mechanism of HSPB8K141E toxicity, leading to muscle and nerve degeneration.