bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Explanation of Remarkable Emission-line Profiles in Post-flare Coronal Rain
Authors: Lacatus Daniela A. , Judge Philip G. , Donea Alina 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We study broad redshifted emission in chromospheric and transition region lines that appears to correspond to a form of post-flare coronal rain. Profiles of Mg ii, C ii, and Si iv lines were obtained using IRIS before, during, and after the X2.1 flare of 2015 March 11 (SOL2015-03-11T16:22). We analyze the profiles of the five transitions of Mg ii (the

h and k transitions, and three lines belonging to the

transitions). We use analytical methods to understand the unusual profiles, together with higher-resolution observational data of similar phenomena observed by Jing et al. The peculiar line ratios indicate anisotropic emission from the strands that have cross-strand line center optical depths (k line) of between 1 and 10. The lines are broadened by unresolved Alfvénic motions whose energy exceeds the radiation losses in the Mg ii lines by an order of magnitude. The decay of the line widths is accompanied by a decay in the brightness, suggesting a causal connection. If the plasma is ≲99% ionized, ion–neutral collisions can account for the dissipation; otherwise, a dynamical process seems necessary. Our work implies that the motions are initiated during the impulsive phase, to be dissipated as radiation over a period of an hour, predominantly by strong chromospheric lines. The coronal “rain” we observe is far more turbulent than most earlier reports have indicated, with implications for plasma heating mechanisms.
Le facteur Chine dans la politique vietnamienne au début du mandat de Donald Trump
Authors: de Tréglodé Benoît 
Published: June 2017

La diplomatie de la République Socialiste du Viêt Nam (RSVN) s’est peu positionnée depuis le début de la présidence de Donald Trump. Le Viêt Nam ne souhaite pas malmener ses liens avec Washington. Même en l’absence du TPP, les deux États ont une relation économique importante. Mais ce qui préoccupe surtout Hanoi réside dans l’attitude de Washington vis-à-vis de la mer de Chine méridionale. Fidèle à sa politique d’équilibre entre les grandes puissances, le Viêt Nam a toujours évalué la place des États-Unis en Asie-Pacifique à l’aune de l’avenir de sa relation avec Pékin. Face à la Chine, avec qui le Viêt Nam entretient une relation historique contrainte et compliquée ; il n’est toujours pas question de choisir entre Beijing et Washington. Le Viêt Nam, prudent, redoute avant tout les orientations trop inclusives de sa diplomatie multilatérale.
Gérer les risques permanents des bitcoins et des monnaies virtuelles de même type
Authors: Degos Jean-Guy 
Published: June 2017

Les autorités monétaires et bancaires qui ont été pendant des siècles les tuteurs non acceptés des individus, représentant la puissance publique et sa coercition font l’objet d’un rejet souvent bien compréhensible. De nouvelles monnaies, ou pseudo-monnaies, fondées sur la cryptographie, sont apparues et se développent à l’aide de la technique des chaînes de blocs, avec des réseaux décentralisés de personnes actives ne souhaitant plus collaborer avec les banques. Quelles sont les promesses et les menaces de cette nouvelle approche pécuniaire ? Ses avantages compensent-ils ses risques ? C’est ce que nous allons tenter de préciser en combinant, approche diachronique, données d’enquêtes et recoupements multidimensionnels. Le principal résultat est que les monnaies virtuelles demeurent risquées et ne constituent pas un substitut définitif des faiblesses bancaires.
Prédiction du risque de vulnérabilité des unités de travail dans les organisations
Authors: Fantcho Joseph Emmanuel , Babei Jean 
Published: June 2017

Ce papier propose une méthode de prédiction du risque de vulnérabilité des unités de travail au sein d’une organisation. Le contrôle dynamique du risque de vulnérabilité est un enjeu pour la direction des ressources humaines, soucieuse de garantir une grande efficacité organisationnelle et d’accroître la productivité et la compétitivité de l’organisation. Les indicateurs de mesure de vulnérabilité sont combinés pour construire des indices de risque de vulnérabilité. L’approche utilisée est quantitative, elle s’appuie sur des modèles logits. L’intérêt de l’étude est de mettre au service de la politique sociale de l’entreprise, un outil de prévision et d’aide à la décision. Les données d’applications sont celles de la Banque Nationale du Canada et celles de l’enquête « Regard sur notre organisation ».
Frustration relative et individualisation des inégalités
Authors: Dubet François 
Published: June 2017

La frustration relative est un schéma d’explication des conduites sociales trop général pour se suffire à lui-même. Il convient donc d’en évaluer la portée quand l’expérience des inégalités s’individualise et se diversifie lorsqu’on s’éloigne d’une structuration des inégalités en termes de classes sociales. Quels cadres de comparaison sont mobilisés, comment sont attribuées des causes aux injustices sociales, quels schémas moraux conduisent à agir ? Il n’est pas exclu que la rencontre de l’individualisation des inégalités et de la frustration relative explique aujourd’hui le développement des populismes.
Evaluation of Mowing Frequency on Right-of-Way Plant Communities in Mississippi
Authors: Entsminger Edward D. , Jones Jeanne C. , Guyton John W. , Strickland Bronson K. , Leopold Bruce D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNative grasses and native wildflowers are declining, especially along roadside right-of-ways because of intensive mowing and herbicide management practices. Roadside right-of-ways undergo regular disturbances such as mowing, maintenance, and road developments that affect soils, groundwater, surface hydrology, and vegetation composition. We investigated species richness and percent coverage within plant communities along highway right-of-ways to determine if reduced mowing increased native plant coverage. The study was conducted using 10 research plots situated along Highway 25 in Oktibbeha and Winston counties, Mississippi. Each research plot consisted of three different treatments as follows: one that included greater than four mowings per year, one mowing only in fall, and one mowing only in fall with a supplemental native wildflower seeding. Using line transect sampling, we detected 277 plant species, which included native and nonnative forbs, legumes, grasses, rushes, sedges, and woody perennials (vines, shrubs, and trees). Total percent coverage of native and nonnative plants within different growth form categories did not differ among treatments (F2,96 = 0.45, P = 0.83). However, coverage differed between uplands and lowlands (F1,96 = 18.22, P ≤ 0.001), between years (F1,96 = 14.54, P ≤ 0.001), between fall and spring seasons (F1,96 = 16.25, P ≤ 0.001), and interacted between years and seasons (F1,96 = 24.08, P ≤ 0.001) and seasons and elevations (F1,96 = 5.00, P ≤ 0.001). Nonnative agronomic grasses exhibited the greatest coverage (&gt; 90%) in all treatments. Percent coverage of each plant growth form was greatest in lowlands. Our research showed an increase of native grasses and wildflower species along roadsides with a reduced mowing regimen. We concluded that the timing and intensity of mowing for the duration of our study had little effect on the species composition of plant communities. However, one mowing per year retained agronomic plant coverage for erosion control and soil stabilization during roadside maintenance. Specific proactive management implementations can include native plantings, selective herbicide use to decrease nonnative grasses, continual mowing from roadside edge to 10 m, and only one mowing in late fall, but with an extension of the boundary to reach beyond 10 m from the roadside edge to suppress the invasion of woody plants, which could lead to lower long-term maintenance costs.
Soil nitrogen oxide fluxes from lowland forests converted to smallholder rubber and oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Hassler Evelyn , Corre Marife D. , Kurniawan Syahrul , Veldkamp Edzo 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations cover large areas of former rainforest in Sumatra, Indonesia, supplying the global demand for these crops. Although forest conversion is known to influence soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) fluxes, measurements from oil palm and rubber plantations are scarce (for N2O) or nonexistent (for NO). Our study aimed to (1) quantify changes in soil–atmosphere fluxes of N oxides with forest conversion to rubber and oil palm plantations and (2) determine their controlling factors. In Jambi, Sumatra, we selected two landscapes that mainly differed in texture but were both on heavily weathered soils: loam and clay Acrisol soils. Within each landscape, we investigated lowland forests, rubber trees interspersed in secondary forest (termed as jungle rubber), both as reference land uses and smallholder rubber and oil palm plantations as converted land uses. In the loam Acrisol landscape, we conducted a follow-on study in a large-scale oil palm plantation (called PTPN VI) for comparison of soil N2O fluxes with smallholder oil palm plantations. Land-use conversion to smallholder plantations had no effect on soil N-oxide fluxes (P = 0. 58 to 0.76) due to the generally low soil N availability in the reference land uses that further decreased with land-use conversion. Soil N2O fluxes from the large-scale oil palm plantation did not differ with those from smallholder plantations (P = 0. 15). Over 1-year measurements, the temporal patterns of soil N-oxide fluxes were influenced by soil mineral N and water contents. Across landscapes, annual soil N2O emissions were controlled by gross nitrification and sand content, which also suggest the influence of soil N and water availability. Soil N2O fluxes (µg N m−2 h−1) were 7 ± 2 to 14 ± 7 (reference land uses), 6 ± 3 to 9 ± 2 (rubber), 12 ± 3 to 12 ± 6 (smallholder oil palm) and 42 ± 24 (large-scale oil palm). Soil NO fluxes (µg N m−2 h−1) were −0.6 ± 0.7 to 5.7 ± 5.8 (reference land uses), −1.2 ± 0.5 to −1.0 ± 0.2 (rubber) and −0.2 ± 1.2 to 0.7 ± 0.7 (smallholder oil palm). To improve the estimate of soil N-oxide fluxes from oil palm plantations in this region, studies should focus on large-scale plantations (which usually have 2 to 4 times higher N fertilization rates than smallholders) with frequent measurements following fertilizer application.
Veinte años de Antropología en Nicaragua
Authors: López Alvarado Gloria Argentina , Maritza Andino Elvira , Álvarez Arzate María Dolores 
Published: June 2017

El artículo se configura como un breve recorrido a través de la historia y desarrollo del Departamento de Antropología de la UNAN-Managua, desde sus inicios, en 1991, hasta la actualidad.Raíces - Revista Nicaragüense de Antropología. Año 1 No. 1/2017: 15-26
Economia do Futebol: Uma Abordagem Através do Modelo Agente-Principal
Authors: Griebeler Marcelo De Carvalho , Baldusco Diego 
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho modela teoricamente o problema da divergência de objetivos existente no futebol brasileiro como uma relação de agente-principal. O principal, a torcida, delega para o agente, o dirigente, a tarefa da produção de vitórias e resultados positivos. Contudo, nem sempre o dirigente do clube deseja maximizar o número de vitórias. Entre seus objetivos podem estar manter o orçamento do clube equilibrado ou obter mais sócios, por exemplo. Os principais resultados do trabalho encontram evidência empírica: podemos entender as agressões a dirigentes, jogadores e técnicos de futebol e as invasões de campo protagonizadas por torcedores.
Regiovorming: tussen inhoud en institutionalisering
Authors: Groenleer Martijn , Verheul Wouter Jan 
Published: June 2017

Regionalization: between substantive and institutional questions
Societal challenges are increasingly requiring cooperation and solutions on a regional scale. The recently formed metropolitan regions around Amsterdam, Rotterdam-The Hague and Eindhoven are examples. This essay serves as the introduction to a symposium on regionalization and the substantive and institutional questions that regionalization raises. It deals with the growing differences between regions and the call for a differentiated response. It also discusses the drivers for regional cooperation and the constraints of focusing on administrative structures. The essay exposes a number of tensions regarding the external profiling of regions, the benefits of regional cooperation, and the pursuit of broad societal goals. At the same time, it puts forward suggestions for follow-up research.
Monitoring van sociale media: op weg naar een Brave New Democracy?
Authors: Edwards Arthur , de Kool Dennis 
Published: June 2017

Social Media Monitoring: towards a Brave New Democracy?
Social media monitoring is a topical and relevant phenomenon. It enables civil servants and politicians to gauge the sentiments voiced on social media, on the basis of which they are in a better position to take into account the wishes and needs of citizens. Social media monitoring is primarily used for rational and strategic purposes. In terms of democratic legitimacy, it may enhance the quality of the processes on the output side of the political system, i.e. authorities can be more responsive and can fine tune public policies. There also threats for the relation between citizens and government. When citizens communicate on networks they perceive as private, social media monitoring can be seen as an intrusion into their private sphere. This not only concerns individual privacy but also an interpersonal private sphere in terms of the right that people have to define a domain within which they can exchange experiences with peers. Transparency and accountability are therefore important conditions for the application of this instrument.
Particuliere uitbesteding van gemeentelijke handhavingstaken
Authors: van Steden Ronald , Stougie Leon , van Veldhoven Dylan 
Published: June 2017

Outsourcing municipal law enforcement What’s in it for local government?
Various Dutch municipalities hire municipal law enforcement officers from private security companies. This process of outsourcing sometimes meets political resistance, because safety and security are central tasks of government that should not be carried out by commercial parties. At the same time, little is known about the actual pros and cons of private law enforcement officers in relation to their public colleagues. From the literature we expect differences in cost, flexibility, local knowledge, professional autonomy, job satisfaction and cooperation with the police. Our empirical research shows that these differences are smaller than initially assumed. Private law enforcement officers work longer hours under more or less the same working conditions (salary) as public law enforcement officers. Their turnover rate is also higher compared to public law enforcement officers, because of their lower career expectations. Overhead costs, including the costs of outsourcing processes, remain unknown.
Belofte maakt schuld
Authors: Ergün Erkan , Karsten Niels 
Published: June 2017

Promise means Obligation: Media logic in the coverage of campaign promises in the Netherlands and the United States’
While existing research shows that politicians fulfil many of their election promises, voters remain very sceptical about pledge fulfilment. A possible explanation is that the media report critical about election pledges. That is why, in this article, the occurrence of media logic is analysed in the coverage of election promise fulfilment in two countries: the Netherlands and the United States. The results indicate that media logic is indeed ubiquitous in the coverage of election promises, but also that there is a difference in media coverage during governing periods and campaign periods. In addition, the results show that, in contrast to what the existing literature suggests, coverage on election promises is more negative in the Netherlands than in the United States. The media evaluate Dutch politicians’ pledge fulfilment more critically. This result offers the valuable insight that citizens and the media may take a negative view of the traditional way of making policies through compromise in consensus democracies because it forces politicians and governments to break their election promises. This, in turn, can fuel political cynicism.
Macrobiotus polypiformis sp. nov., a new tardigrade (Macrobiotidae; hufelandi group) from the Ecuadorian Pacific coast, with remarks on the claw abnormalities in eutardigrades
Authors: Roszkowska Milena , Ostrowska Marta , Stec Daniel , Janko Karel , Kaczmarek Łukasz 
Published: June 2017

From a moss sample collected in the Manabí Province in Ecuador, we extracted 96 specimens of a new species of eutardigrade. No eggs were found. In order to obtain eggs, an in vitro culture was prepared. In total, 136 specimens (including ten simplex), one exuvia and 44 eggs (including two with embryos) of the new species were obtained. In addition to the traditional taxonomic description with morphometrics, light and scanning microscopy imaging, we also provide nucleotide sequences of three nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2) and one mitochondrial (COI) DNA fragments of the new species. Macrobiotus polypiformis sp. nov. belongs to the hufelandi group and is most similar to Ma. paulinae Stec, Smolak, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk, 2015, but differs from it mainly by the lack of dorso-lateral patches of granulation on the cuticle, egg processes with longer and more numerous filaments and in some morphometric characters of both eggs and adults. Moreover, we provide a short discussion on the modifications/abnormalities of the claws in eutardigrades and the possible consequences on the taxonomic status of Mesobiotus armatus (Pilato & Binda, 1996), suggesting its consideration as species inquirenda (with uncertain taxonomic status).
Chest pain and the role of somatic dysfunction
Authors: Wax Craig M. , Abend David S. , Pearson Robert H. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The symptom of chest pain may be a result or manifestation of somatic dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system. Chest pain is a common chief complaint among patients in a family practice office or in the emergency room. Various intrathoracic and extra thoracic factors may be responsible. The authors describe their experience with one patient in whom osteopathic manipulative treatment was used along with accepted medical tests and therapy to diagnose and treat this patient. If chest pain is effectively diagnosed and promptly treated, OMT can provide the most thorough, cost-effective, and satisfying care available.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: case report and review
Authors: Dykstra Thomas J. , Menolasino Michael J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare but potentially fatal disorder that has been associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Because neuroleptic malignant syndrome is rare, clinicians often have a low index of suspicion for the disorder which may lead to delayed treatment and increased mortality. This article describes a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome and briefly reviews current diagnostic criteria and treatment options.
Comparing medical knowledge of osteopathic medical trainees in DO and MD programs: a random effect meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Linjun , Cavalieri Thomas , Clearfield Michael , Smoley Joseph 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The authors used random effect meta-analysis to synthesize eight mean score differences of the Part III/Level3 examinations of the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME) between osteopathic medical trainees in DO residency programs and osteopathic medical trainees in MD programs. The analysis involved 6001 trainees and all Part ill or Level 3 examinations since 1992. The average mean score difference was not significantly different from zero; however, the estimates of true effect sizes of each examination varied substantially. The findings indicate that, overall, medical knowledge of osteopathic trainees in MD and DO residency programs is compatible at the time they took the examinations. However, a large variation of effect size suggests the need for further investigation of the factors other than difference between osteopathic and allopathic training programs.
Update and review of blastomycosis
Authors: Chao Deardre , Steier Kenneth J. , Gomila Remi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Blastomycosis has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. When a patient presents with chronic pneumonia, especially coexisting with cutaneous lesions, blastomycosis infection needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis. Erythema nodosum can rarely be associated with pulmonary blastomycosis. A positive culture is the gold standard of diagnosis; occasionally, the organism can be identified by its typical "shoe print" morphology with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain. The Gen-Probe technique may be required to confirm the uncertain culture results. The preferred treatment for blastomycosis in less severe cases is oral itraconazole, with amphotericin B in disseminated cases.
Couvelaire uterus
Authors: Hubbard James L. , Hosmer Stephan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Uteroplacental apoplexy is a rare but nonfatal complication of severe forms of placental abruption. It occurs when vascular damage within the placenta causes hemorrhaging that progresses to and infiltrates the wall of the uterus. It is a syndrome that can only be diagnosed by direct visualization or biopsy (or both). For this reason, its occurrence is perhaps underreported and underestimated in the literature. The subject of this report is a 24-year-old pregnant woman who had a placental abruption and in whom classic uteroplacental apoplexy was diagnosed at the time of her cesarean section.
Validation practices for satellite‐based Earth observation data across communities
Authors: Loew Alexander , Bell William , Brocca Luca , Bulgin Claire E. , Burdanowitz Jörg , Calbet Xavier , Donner Reik V. , Ghent Darren , Gruber Alexander , Kaminski Thomas , Kinzel Julian , Klepp Christian , Lambert Jean‐Christopher , Schaepman‐Strub Gabriela , Schröder Marc , Verhoelst Tijl 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAssessing the inherent uncertainties in satellite data products is a challenging task. Different technical approaches have been developed in the Earth Observation (EO) communities to address the validation problem which results in a large variety of methods as well as terminology. This paper reviews state‐of‐the‐art methods of satellite validation and documents their similarities and differences. First, the overall validation objectives and terminologies are specified, followed by a generic mathematical formulation of the validation problem. Metrics currently used as well as more advanced EO validation approaches are introduced thereafter. An outlook on the applicability and requirements of current EO validation approaches and targets is given.