bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Properties of i-Layers as a Function of Growth Rate in Correlation to the Performance of a-Si:H Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Keda , Owens Jessica M. , Weinberg-Wolf Jennifer , Han Daxing , Gedvilas Lynn 
Published: March 2017

Abstracta-Si:H intrinsic films and their solar cells were prepared by DC-PECVD with growth rates of 1, 3, and 10 Å/s. Raman, IR, and PL spectroscopies were used to study the i-layer properties in relation to the solar cell performance. Raman shows an identical TO mode for all the samples, which indicates the local silicon-bonding configuration does not change with the growth rate from 1 to 10 Å/s. IR results show that the hydrogen bonding configuration is monohydride (Si-H) dominated, and the hydrogen content obtained from the 630 cm-1 wagging mode is 12-14 at.%. Surprisingly, a very small absorption strength for the stretching 2000-2100 cm-1 mode was found for some samples deposited at the higher growth rates (3, 10 Å/s). For these same samples, the PL spectra exhibit a red shift. Both the IR and PL results might be related to the same microstructures formed at high growth rates. We found that although the properties of the i-layer varied as the growth rate increased from 1 to 10 Å/s, the performances of the cells were comparable (within about 4%).
Influence of ZnO/p+a-Si:H Microcrystallization and Antireflection Coatings on pin a-Si:H Solar Cells Performance
Authors: Kolodziej Andrzej , Krewniak Pawel , Nowak Stanislaw 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn general terms this paper analyzes effectiveness of ZnO/p+/i a-Si:H/n+/Al solar cells made on commercial glass substrate with double-sided antireflection coatings. The primary topic, however, is the ZnO/p+/i a-Si:H junction based on layers obtained by the reactive magnetron sputtering (RMS) of Si:B, Si:P, Al, Zn:Al targets, where the “i” layer is a protocrystalline RFCVD layer. These single layers, as well as the respective structures, were studied using primarily Grazing Incidence X Ray Analyzes and AFM spectroscopy. In particular, the microcrystallization, surface roughness and chemical composition of the films were studied with respect to film thickness, RMS power and hydrogen dilution. The nature of the influence of ZnO/p+/i a-Si:H crystallization on pin a-Si:H solar cells performance is presented. Optical transmission and reflection measurements were used to measure the light flux reaching the “i” layer. We determined the experimentally observed angular distribution of scattered light in transmittance through glass/ZnO:Al/p+ silicon and double antireflection coatings on glass/ ZnO:Al/p+ silicon junctions. The optoelectronic properties of glass/ZnO/pin a-Si:H/Cr/Al cells are examined by systematic investigation of their I-V characteristics subsequent to steady-state conditions.
TFA Image Sensors for Low Light Level Detection
Authors: Sterzel Jürgen , Blecher Frank , Hillebrand Matthias , Schneider Bernd , Böhm Markus 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTFA technology, using ASICs coated with amorphous silicon based photo detectors, opens new applications for CMOS image sensors. One particular field of interest is the detection of low light level images with pixel photocurrents in the femtoampere range and below. In this paper we describe the effects of the capacitances on the pixel amplifier, we derive noise values for the detector and the amplifier, and we estimate the gain fixed pattern noise level. An inverter circuit providing a 40-fold increase of the charge conversion gain is presented.
Analysis of the Bias Dependent Spectral Response of a-SiC:H p-i-n Photodiode
Authors: Louro P. , Fantoni A. , Vygranenko Yu. , Fernandes M. , Vieira M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe bias voltage dependent spectral response (with and without steady state bias light) and the current voltage dependence has been simulated and compared to experimentally obtained values. Results show that in the heterostructures the bias voltage influences differently the field and the diffusion part of the photocurrent. The interchange between primary and secondary photocurrent (i. e. between generator and load device operation) is explained by the interaction of the field and the diffusion components of the photocurrent. A field reversal that depends on the light bias conditions (wavelength and intensity) explains the photocurrent reversal. The field reversal leads to the collapse of the diode regime (primary photocurrent) launches surface recombination at the p-i and i-n interfaces which is responsible for a double-injection regime (secondary photocurrent). Considerations about conduction band offsets, electrical field profiles and inversion layers will be taken into account to explain the optical and voltage bias dependence of the spectral response.
A New Self-Aligned Poly-Si Tft Employing a Pre-Patterned Al Mask Layer by Backside Exposure Technique
Authors: Nam Woo-Jin , Lee Min-Cheol , Park Kee-Chan , Lee Jae-Hoon , Han Min-Koo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA new self-aligned poly-Si TFT has been fabricated by employing a photoresist backside exposure technique. A pre-patterned aluminum (Al) layer on a-Si film not only induces the lateral grain growth (∼1.6 μm) in excimer laser crystallization but also implements the selfalignment of the gate region with the lateral grain region. Photoresist backside exposure through poly-Si film has been successfully performed because crystallized poly-Si has a fairly high UV transmittance. A self-aligned poly-Si TFT with a single grain boundary within the 2 μm channel was successfully fabricated and high on/off current ratio (∼107) was obtained.
Temperature Dependence of High-Mobility Poly-Si Tft with Single Grain Boundary
Authors: Song In-Hyuk , Kim Cheon-Hong , Han Min-Koo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe have fabricated high-mobility TFTs with large lateral grains and investigated the variation of drain current with increasing temperature. The activation energy of drain current in large grain TFTs is found to be higher under the off-state and lower under the on-state than that in small grain TFTs. The field-effect mobility during the on-state is reduced with increasing temperature due to a lattice scattering inside grain. Because the proposed device has large lateral grain in the channel region, the lattice scattering inside the grain would be dominant, which is similar to single crystal Si MOSFETs.
One-Dimensional Ordering of Self-assembled Ge Dots on Photolithographically Patterned Structures on Si (001)
Authors: Yang B. , Woll A.R. , Rugheimer P. , Lagally M.G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe report spatial arrangement of self-assembled Ge quantum dots on patterned structures on Si (001) without using complicated lithography. Starting from stripes and mesas fabricated by conventional lithography and plasma etching, we prepare sinusoidal Si stripes with narrow ridges and mesas with humped edges via high-temperature annealing. Deposited Ge self-assembles into coherent nanocrystals that align along the narrow ridges of the stripes and the sloped mesa edges. Enhanced strain relief at the ridges due to elastic relaxation and the high step densities on the shallow slopes at the edges are likely causes of nanocrystal alignment.
Translational and Rotational Motion of Small Penetrants in AF1600 Nanocomposites
Authors: Aucoin Darryl , Zhong Junyan , Lin Gouxing , Wen Wen-Yang , Jones# Alan A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTranslational and rotational motions of dichloromethane were observed in a composite of poly(2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole-co-tetrafluoroethylene), also referred to as AF1600, with fumed silica using NMR. Pulsed field gradient diffusion measurements show that adding fumed silica to AF1600 results in a great enhancement of the diffusion coefficient of dichloromethane. The diffusion enhancement behavior is similar to that previously reported in pentane, cyclohexane, and toluene in AF1600 nanocomposites. Spin-lattice relaxation time measurements of this system indicate two domains: one containing larger free volume elements (FVEs) that support faster dynamics and one containing smaller free volume elements that support slower dynamics. Adding the fumed silica disrupts the packing of polymer chains resulting in an increase of free volume and improved connections between domains supporting rapid translation. The lattice model simulation is performed to assist in understanding the mechanism of how the addition of fumed silica improves penetrant diffusion in nanocomposite polymer systems.
NMR and Spin Relaxation in Systems with Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Weaver T. , Noginova N. , King M. , Bourlinos A. B. , Giannelis E. P. , Atsarkin V. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo better understand the effects of magnetic nanoparticles to nuclear spectra and spin relaxation in different systems, we have studied 1H NMR spectra and spin dynamics of the host system in liquid and solid suspensions of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Significant line broadening of 1H NMR spectra and growing relaxation rates were observed with increased concentration of nanoparticles in the liquid systems, with the relation T1/T2 depending on the particular host. Solid systems demonstrate inhomogeneous broadening of the spectra and practically no dependence of T1 upon the nanoparticle concentration. We explain the experimental results taking into account predomination of diffusion as a source of the relaxation, and estimate effective parameters of relaxation in the systems in study.
Solid State NMR Studies of Lead(II) Thiourea Materials
Authors: Dybowski Cecil , Glatfelter Alicia , Bai Shi , Martinez D. , Segarra S. , Perry Dale L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSolid-state 13C and 207Pb NMR have been used to characterize a series of lead(II) ion complexes containing thiourea – widely used in materials science – as the organic complexing molecule. NMR data for the complexes have been measured and discussed with respect to the reported structures for the complexes.
Crystallization of Silicon Pyrophosphate From Silicophosphate Glasses as Monitored by Multi-Nuclear NMR
Authors: Youngman Randall , Hogue Carrie , Aitken Bruce 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBinary silicophosphate glasses containing between 7 and 35 mol% P2O5 were made by conventional melt quenching techniques and characterized by 29Si and 31P NMR spectroscopy. 31P and 29Si NMR data show that, as the P2O5 content is raised in these glasses, the network connectivity is decreased by a dilution of the silicate network with less polymerized Q3 phosphate groups. In addition to such changes in the network structure, 29Si NMR spectra for the most P2O5-rich glasses reveal the presence of silicon atoms with 5- and 6-fold coordination. These species increase in concentration with increasing P2O5 above approximately 30 mol% P2O5. Self-nucleating SiP2O7 glass-ceramics can be formed from the binary silicophosphate glasses with >25mol% P2O5. 29Si and 31P NMR results were used to monitor the crystallization of SiP2O7 by providing details on amount of crystallinity, relative grain sizes and even composition of the residual glassy matrix. Stabilization of octahedral Si as well as the onset of phase separation correlates with propensity for crystallization of SiP2O7 during subsequent heat treatment.
93Nb Solid State NMR of High Surface Area Niobium Oxides
Authors: Smith Luis , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe local environment of niobium in oxides reflects the perturbations in bond strength that affect the acidity of oxygen atoms in the structure. To understand the relationship between metal environment and properties, 93Nb solid state NMR has been used to measure the electric field gradient and chemical shift anisotropy for layered niobates with either alkali cations or protons at the material surface. In order to determine these parameters, a variety of techniques have been applied to extract information for the multiple environments located in these oxides. Variable offset cumulative echo spectra were collected on static samples at multiple magnetic fields, 4.7 T, 9.4 T and 14.1 T. RAPT enhanced QPASS data were collected at 9.4 T to extract quadrupolar-coupling information without the influence of chemical shift anisotropy. Data from KCa2Nb3O10 and an acid exchanged form was collected and two distinct quadrupolar environments were observed. Acid exchange altered the isotropic chemical shift but did not significantly affect the electric field gradient or the chemical shift anisotropy.
ESR Of Graphite-Like Amorphous Carbon Thin Film In The 20 &#8211; 340 K Temperature Range
Authors: Viana Gustavo A. , Marques Francisco C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractElectron spin resonance of graphite-like a-C thin films is investigated in the 20 K up to 340 K temperature range. The films with sp2 concentration of about 90 % (determined by electron energy loss spectroscopy), with no measurable optical band gap, were prepared by ion beam assisted sputtering. The results revealed an unexpected low density of paramagnetic centers, ascribed to itinerant states (conduction electrons) and not to localized states usually reported for a-C with band gap higher than 1.0 eV.
Using Magnetic Resonance Microscopy to Assess the Osteogenesis in Porous Hydrogels
Authors: Mishra Prasanna , Dadsetan Mahrokh , Rajagopalan Srinivasan , Hefferan Theresa E. , Yaszemski Michael J. , Macura Slobodan I. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHydrogels are multi-functional and can be used as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. The pore architecture of the scaffolds is a significant factor in bone cell function. In this work, polyethylene glycol fumarate (OPF) hydrogel is used in the fabrication of porous scaffolds, and the effect of hydrogel porosity on bone formation is evaluated using anin vitrobone marrow stromal cell model. The porous hydrogels consist of copious amounts of water (90% or more by volume), and their structure is very similar to soft tissues. The characterization of porosity and interconnectivity in a typical OPF hydrogel scaffold and the bone formation inside the scaffold are assessed using magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) techniques; and are shown to be very useful in micro structural studies of such water rich materials. A Bruker Avance 7 Tesla (proton 300 MHz) spectrometer equipped with a Micro Imaging 2.5 accessory is used in these studies. By optimizing the acquisition parameters such as relaxation recovery time (TR), echo time (TE), pulse flip angle (TA), and using solvent relaxation-enhancing media the pores and bone formations are clearly observed at an in plane resolution of 29 μm/pixel in various scaffold materials. Analysis of our MRM images data shows that the pores are highly interconnected and the porosity computed from the images correlate quite well with the experimental porosity parameters such as porogen size and percentage. In addition, the quantitative alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining as marker of osteoblastic differentiation and the mineralization capacity of marrow stromal cells are in good agreement with the bone formation seen in the MRM images.
ASPEK BIOLOGI IKAN KAWALIYA (Selar crumenophthalmus) DI PERAIRAN SEKITAR MALUKU TENGAH DAN MALUKU UTARA
Authors: Syam Amran Ronny , Andamari Retno , Zubaid Thohir 
Published: March 2017

Beberapa aspek biologi ikan kawalinya atau bentong (Selar crumenoffithatmus) yang tertangkap di Perairan Maluku Tengah dan Maluku Utara telah dipelajari selama bulan Juni1997 sampai Mei 1998. Jumlah sample yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini sebanyak 5541 ekor dan digunakan untuk hubungan panjang berat, rasio kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, indeks kematangan gonad, ukuran panjang ikan saat pertama kali matang gonad dan faktor kondisi dari hasil penelitian ini hubungan panjang berat menunjukkan b > 3.
KELIMPAHAN LARVA IKAN ENGRAULIDAE DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PARAMETER LINGKUNGAN DI ESTUARIA SEGARA ANAKAN CILACAP, JAWA TENGAH, INDONESIA
Authors: Setijanto Setijanto , Chaeri Achmad , Nursid M. 
Published: March 2017

Jenis-jenis ikan dari familia Engraulidae yang populer dengan sebutan ikan teri merupakan sumber daya perikanan yang penting secara ekonomi. Perairan Segara Anakan Cilacap merupakan sebuah estuaria yang menjadi daerah asuhan bagi komoditas ini. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan larva engraulidae dan hubungannya dengan parameter lingkungan telah dilakukan selama bulan November 2001 sampai Mei 2002 pada 10 stasiun pengamatan di ekosistem Estuaria Segara Anakan, Cilacap, Jawa Tengah (ESAC)
Fast identification of the antibacterial in Aspergillus species
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Duan LiXin , Yang Shengnan , Zhou Zhengfu , Dun Baoqing 
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose: Aspergillus genus biosynthesize a large number of metabolites with wide-ranging bioactivities, but how to target the active compounds quickly and accurately? In this work, we provide a strategy to fast identify bioactive metabolites in fungi with similar morphology but different antimicrobial activities. Materials and Methods: Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) profiles and bioactivity screening of fungal extracts, three Aspergillus sp. strains YSN038, YSN052 and YSN064 were studied. The bacteria Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Kocuria rhizophila, Escherichia coli and Ralstonia solanacearum were used for antibiotic assay.Results: Three strains showed the similar morphology, but the crude extracts of YSN038 and YSN064 displayed antibacterial activities against B. pumilus, B. subtilis, S. aureus and K. rhizophila, whereas YSN052 had not. The compound contributed to antibacterial activity in vitro was rapidly identified, isolated and characterized. Compound 3 connected with specific HPLC peak should be the antibiotic substance by analysis of HPLC profiles, and was confirmed after the following antimicrobial tests. The compound was elucidated as butyrolactone I based on nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) data, and showed various biological activities.Conclusions: Our study has significant scope on targeting antibacterial metabolites. The described method could also be used as a rapid and cost-effective tool for screening other bioactivity products. As such, this article could offer a fast approach to isolate drug-lead compounds from microorganisms.
MicroRNA regulators of cholinergic signaling link neuromuscular, cardiac and metabolic systems
Authors: Pienica Claudia , Soreq Hermona 
Published: March 2017

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) notably regulates many brain and bodily functions, including metabolic as well as heart and muscle activities. Concordantly, acquired changes in ACh signaling lead to significant and widespread systemic effects. Those can be observed both when ACh signaling fails, as in the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and when it over-reacts, as in the hyper-cholinergic excitation following organophosphate poisoning. To explore the corresponding molecular mechanisms, we focused on regulation of ACh signaling by microRNAs (miRs). Current research implicates miRs as post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression, playing pivotal, rapid and interactive roles across various systems. To interrogate the systemic role of ACh-regulating miRs (CholinomiRs), we sought evidence for CholinomiRs with dual or triple roles in neuromuscular junctions (NMJ), heart development and functioning, and/or metabolic systems. Here, we report key links between CholinomiRs with known cardiac and metabolic roles, including the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-targeted miR-1 and the acetylcholinesterase-targeted miR-132, and NMJ-related metabolic regulating miRs such as the histone deacetylase 4-targeted miR-206. Taken together, this information indicates a bridging role for CholinomiRs that may be relevant both for NMJ degeneration and the metabolic changes observed in ALS patients, and for the cardiac irregularities and NMJ degeneration reported following organophosphate poisoning. Uncovering the potentially causal involvement of CholinomiRs in balancing neuromuscular, cardiac and metabolic functions might improve our understanding of the inter-tissue communication and the processes of reaching homeostatic states which are essential for balancing between seemingly separate body systems, allowing a more encompassing look on disorders involving impaired cholinergic signaling.
A study of short and long term complications of prolene hernia system
Authors: Hebsur Narayan , J. C. Ravi Shankar 
Published: March 2017

Background: Prolene hernia system was introduced in 1999, and was thought to be a revolutionary type of mesh in preventing recurrence. But studies regarding long term results and complications were sparse. Our study is one such type which sheds light into the complications of prolene hernia system and its significance in Indian scenario.Methods: 30 patients with inguinal hernia in Karnataka institute of medical sciences, Hubli, were included in the study. All of them were operated with prolene hernia system. Patients were assessed in the post-operative period and during follow-up for any complications. Appropriate statistical tests were applied.Results: 1 (3.3%) patient each had seroma and superficial surgical site infection in the post-operative period. 2 (6.7%) patients had chronic groin pain symptoms and none of them had recurrence till date.Conclusions: Based on the observations, we conclude that PHS is an effective method for open inguinal hernia repair with minimal complications. It has comparable results with lichenstein repair and other types of repairs available.
Comparison of efficacy of CT scan and ultrasound in patients with blunt abdominal trauma
Authors: Ravindernath M. L. , Reddy G. Mahender 
Published: March 2017

Background: Trauma has become one of the most common cause of hospitalization. The main reason for imaging and screening the patients is to identify the life-threatening injuries as soon as possible so that appropriate treatment can be given immediately. In the past few years, both USG and CT have been widely used to detect the abdominal trauma and have replaced the older methods. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of CT scans and Ultrasound in the patients with blunt abdominal trauma.Methods: Patients who had come to our hospital with blunt abdominal trauma and who were stable enough to undergo both USG and CT scans were included into the study. Apart from routine tests, both USG and CT scans were performed for all the patients.Results: The most common cause of trauma was road or vehicular accidents (58.9%) followed by fall from heights (32.1%). Of the organs which were affected, the most one was liver (73.2%), followed by spleen (51.8%), 46.4% of kidneys and 12.5% of the pancreas. Hemoperitoneum was identified in all the 56 patients with CT scan while the same was identified only in 47 cases (83.9%) with USG.Conclusions: CT scan is a superior diagnostic tool for the detection of Blunt abdominal trauma compared to USG. However, the patient needs to be hemodynamically stable for CT to be performed.