bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State of the Art Therapie mit Impella® in der Herzchirurgie in Österreich
Authors: Wiedemann Dominik , Dumfarth Julia , Zierer Andreas F. , Zimpfer Daniel 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungSeit 2022 wird in Österreich das mechanische Linksherzunterstützungssystem Impella 5.5® zur Versorgung von Patienten mit kardiogenem Schock, bei fortgeschrittener Herzinsuffizienz, Postkardiotomie und Low-Cardiac-Output-Syndrom eingesetzt. Die chirurgische Einbringung der Impella 5.5 über die Arteria subclavia oder alternativ über die Aorta ascendens ist inzwischen in Österreich ein etabliertes Verfahren zur mittelfristigen Therapie von Patienten im kardiogenen Schock und für Bridging-Szenarien, wie z. B. „bridge to recovery“, „bridge to linksventrikulärem Assist Device“ (LVAD), „bridge to decision“ und „bridge to heart transplant“ (HTx). Allen linksventrikulären Impella-Herzpumpen ist gemein, dass sie den linken Ventrikel entlasten, wobei die Impella 5.5 ein volles Herzzeitvolumen von 5,5 l/min erreicht. Aufgrund der stabilen Lage mittels der transaxillären oder transaortalen Insertionstechnik sind eine rasche Extubation und Mobilisierung des Patienten auf der Intensivstation (Intensive Care Unit, ICU) möglich. Dies führt in weiterer Folge zu einer deutlichen Verkürzung des ICU-Aufenthalts. Auch eine Kombination von Impella 5.5 mit einer venoarteriellen extrakorporalen Membranoxygenierung (VA-ECMO) hat sich in verschiedenen Fällen als wirksam erwiesen. Eine Reihe an nicht randomisierten Studien weist die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der Impella 5.5 in der Praxis nach, die in mehreren internationalen Guidelines Eingang fanden. Die Vorteile der Impella 5.5 in der Praxis sind die einfache Handhabung mit hoher Lagestabilität und niedrige Komplikationsraten. Diese Veröffentlichung beschreibt den Stellenwert der chirurgischen Impella-Therapie in Österreich aus der Sicht der klinischen Experten aus Österreich.
An exact analytical method for free vibration analysis of FG-GPLRC sector cylindrical shells under Levy-type boundary conditions
Authors: Ghassabi Ata Alipour , Razgordanisharahi Ali , Sendur Gullu Kiziltas , Kiani Yaser , Hellmich Christian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article, an exact analytical method for the free vibration analysis of functionally graded (FG) graphene platelet (GPL)-reinforced composite (GPLRC) sector cylindrical shells is presented by considering Levy-type boundary conditions for the first time. The analysis relies on the use of the Halpin–Tsai micro-mechanical model for evaluating the material properties of the graded layers of the shell with three different grading patterns. Mathematical modeling of the Levy-type cylindrical shell is based on the Hamilton principle and the Sanders first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The governing equations of the composite shell are analytically solved using the state-space method. The validity of the proposed analytical method is demonstrated by the excellent agreement between the obtained results of the exact analytical solution and the results available in the literature. Furthermore, some parametric studies are conducted to reveal the effects of variations in boundary conditions, GPL distribution patterns, GPL weight fraction, and geometrical parameters such as shallowness angle, length-to-radius ratio, and thickness on the free vibration behavior of the shell structure. Natural frequencies and mode switching are reported for different mode numbers.
Nicosulfuron Weed Control in Maize as Influenced by Adjuvants: Original vs. Generic Herbicide
Authors: Brankov Milan , Simić Milena , Samuelson Spencer L. , Nikolić Dušan , Čamdžija Zoran , Mandić Violeta , Dragičević Vesna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the absence of new herbicides on the market, adding adjuvants into the tank with herbicides is a strategy for increasing efficacy. In our research, we tested whether there are differences in weed control as influenced by the original nicosulfuron formulation and a generic counterpart. In this study, we tested the addition of two commonly used adjuvants: ammonium-sulfate (AMS) and non-ionic surfactant (NIS). In a three-year experiment, based on a percentage of biomass reduction and canopy cover, these results showed no differences in any treatments when comparing the original versus generic nicosulfuron. However, adding an NIS increased efficacy, while adding AMS decreased herbicide activity. The average percentage reduction of biomass in this study was about 80%, implying that using solely nicosulfuron as aceto-lactate synthase inhibiting herbicide is not a good solution in weed control in maize and that other methods for weed control should be considered and integrated, in order to increase weed control efficacy.
Benchmarking in data envelopment analysis: balanced efforts to achieve realistic targets
Authors: Guevel Hernán P. , Ramón Nuria , Aparicio Juan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe minimum distance models have undoubtedly represented a significant advance for the establishment of targets in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). These models may help in defining improvement plans that require the least overall effort from the inefficient Decision Making Units (DMUs). Despite the advantages that come with Closest Targets, in some cases unsatisfactory results may be given, since improvement plans, even in that context, differ considerably from the actual performances. This generally occurs because all the effort employed to reach the efficient DEA frontier is channeled into just a few variables. In certain contexts these exorbitant efforts in some inputs/outputs become unapproachable. In fact, proposals for sequential improvement plans can be found in the literature. It could happen that the sequential improvement plans continue to be so demanding in some variable that it would be difficult to achieve such targets. We propose an alternative approach where the improvement plans require similar efforts in the different variables that participate in the analysis. In the absence of information about the limitations of improvement in the different inputs/outputs, we consider that a plausible and conservative solution would be the one where an equitable redistribution of efforts would be possible. In this paper, we propose different approaches with the aim of reaching an impartial distribution of efforts to achieve optimal operating levels without neglecting the overall effort required. Therefore, we offer different alternatives for planning improvements directed towards DEA efficient targets, where the decision-maker can choose the one that best suits their circumstances. Moreover, and as something new in the benchmarking DEA context, we will study which properties satisfy the targets generated by the different models proposed. Finally, an empirical example used in the literature serves to illustrate the methodology proposed.
Sufficiency assessment of intensity measures for natural and spectral-matched ground motion records
Authors: Cantagallo Cristina , De Risi Raffaele , Terrenzi Marco , Camata Guido , Spacone Enrico 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA correct Intensity Measure (IM) selection is essential for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) applications, as any probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDM) depends significantly on the IM. If a single IM can describe the complexity of the corresponding ground motion record, it can be defined as sufficient in an absolute sense. However, this is unlikely because a single number should be able to inform on the frequency content, the amplitude, the duration, the energy content, etc. For this reason, literature studies have defined sufficiency in a relative sense to investigate whether one IM is more sufficient (i.e., more informative) than another in predicting the structural response. This work explores the relative sufficiency of eight scalar IMs through Nonlinear Response History Analyses (NRHAs) using two sets of 20 pairs of ground motion records. Both sets are spectrum-compatible and consist of unscaled natural and spectral-matched records. Also, both Cloud and Incremental Dynamic Analysis procedures are used. This study demonstrates that Cloud analysis cannot be used in its conventional form to study sufficiency when spectral-matched accelerograms are used. When natural accelerograms are employed, the results clearly indicate the existence of a sufficient IM among those selected. Conversely, it is more difficult to define the relative sufficiency of the IMs for spectral-matched records because the operation of record adjusting leads to similar structural demands. This result could question either the validity of using spectral-matched accelerograms for PBEE due to the lack of aleatory variability in the structural demand or the necessity of having a sufficient IM when a PSDM is fitted in a PBEE analysis using spectral-matched accelerograms.
Different kinds of data: samples and the relational framework
Authors: Potiron Aline 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes an original definition of samples as a kind of data within the relational framework of data. The distinction between scientific objects (e.g., samples, data, models) often needs to be clarified in the philosophy of science to understand their role in the scientific inquiry. The relational framework places data at the forefront of knowledge construction. Their epistemic status depends on their evaluation as potential evidence in a research situation and their ability to circulate among researchers. While samples are significant in data-generating science, their role has been underexplored in the philosophy of data literature. I draw on a case study from data-centric microbiology, viz. amplicon sequencing, to introduce specifications of the relational framework. These specifications capture the distinctive epistemic role of samples, allowing the discussion of their significance in the inquiry process. I argue that samples are necessarily transformed to be considered as evidence, portable in the limits of a situation, and they act as world anchors for claims about a phenomenon. I compare these specifications with other data and evidence frameworks and suggest they are compatible. The paper concludes by considering the extension of these criteria in the context of biobanking. The specifications proposed here help analyze other life sciences cases and deepen our understanding of samples and their epistemological role in scientific research.
Lower error bounds and optimality of approximation for jump-diffusion SDEs with discontinuous drift
Authors: Przybyłowicz Paweł , Schwarz Verena , Szölgyenyi Michaela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper sharp lower error bounds for numerical methods for jump-diffusion stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with discontinuous drift are proven. The approximation of jump-diffusion SDEs with non-adaptive as well as jump-adapted approximation schemes is studied and lower error bounds of order 3/4 for both classes of approximation schemes are provided. This yields optimality of the transformation-based jump-adapted quasi-Milstein scheme.
Age-dependencies of the electroretinogram in healthy subjects
Authors: Jung Ronja , Kempf Melanie , Righetti Giulia , Nasser Fadi , Kühlewein Laura , Stingl Katarina , Stingl Krunoslav 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the age-dependency of amplitudes and implicit times in the electroretinograms (ERGs) of healthy individuals and provide clinicians and researchers with a reference for a variety of stimulus paradigms.

Design and methods
Full-field electroretinography was conducted on 73 healthy participants aged 14–73 using an extended ISCEV standard protocol that included an additional 9 Hz flicker stimulus for assessing rod function and special paradigms for isolated On–Off and S-cone responses. Correlation coefficients and best-fit regression models for each parameter’s age-dependency were calculated.

Results
Dark-adapted ERGs, in particular, displayed notable age-related alterations. The attenuation and delay of the b-wave with higher age were most significant in the dark-adapted, rod-driven 0.001 cd s/m2 flash ERG. The age-dependent reduction of the a-wave amplitude was strongest in the standard dark-adapted 3 cd s/m2 flash condition. Cone-driven, light-adapted responses to either flash or flicker stimuli displayed comparatively small alterations at higher age. S-cone function tended to diminish at an early age, but the effect was not significant in the whole population.

Conclusion
The results suggest that rod and cone function decline at different rates with age, with rods being generally more affected by aging. Nonetheless, response amplitudes displayed a wide variability across the whole sample.
Social enterprises and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): a means to an end
Authors: Quaye Josiah Nii Adu , Halsall Jamie P. , Winful Ernest Christian , Snowden Michael , Opuni Frank Frimpong , Hyams-Ssekasi Denis , Afriyie Emelia Ohene , Opoku-Asante Kofi , Ocloo Elikem Chosniel , Fairhurst Bethany 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGhana is regarded as one of the main nations driving social enterprise development in all of Africa, despite the lack of a policy for the social enterprise sub-sector. Regardless of these trailblazing initiatives, the sub-sector is still young and vulnerable. As a result, the time is right for the government to implement policy reforms to expedite the growth of the sub-sector, which offers an alternative business model for the achievement of the social and environmental goals embodied in the global goals. All nations are urged to take immediate action in response to the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which offer a global framework for achieving global development while balancing social, economic, and environmental sustainability. The methodology adopted is qualitative in nature, whereby focus group discussions were held, bringing together key stakeholders from the social enterprise sector, industry, academia, and civil society organisations (CSOs) to provide insights into how social enterprises will contribute to SDG achievement. This paper aims to generate new insights into how social enterprises can provide a solution to the UN’s SDGs from the Ghanaian perspective. Our findings reveal a strong link between solving social problems through social businesses and achieving the SDGs, and that social enterprises represent an ideal business model for achieving the SDGs. Their mission-driven approach, innovative solutions, focus on empowerment and inclusion, utilisation of market mechanisms, collaboration and partnership, and understanding and knowledge of local contexts collectively position social enterprises as powerful catalysts for sustainable development.
Fire Safety Disparities in Sweden: Sociodemographic Influences and the Impact of Societal Protection on Personal Fire Prevention Measures
Authors: Henrekson Ebba , Andersen Rebecka , Turesson Kenny , Nilson Finn 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Previous research has identified sociodemographic inequalities in fire prevention measures. This study examined whether sociodemographic differences persist in the Swedish population concerning fire prevention measures and particularly whether there remains an inverted u-curve related to age in protection habits. Additionally, it investigated whether fire protection practices are influenced by the level of societal protection. The research utilised survey data and register data from The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency and Statistics Sweden. A latent class analysis was conducted, dividing respondents into four latent classes, followed by two binomial regression analyses. The study revealed three key findings regarding fire protection measures. First, certain demographic groups, namely the young, women, single and childfree households, low-income and low-education individuals, immigrants, and urban residents, are disproportionately lacking optimal fire safety measures. Second, although a safety maturity curve is still observed, older adults in Sweden today are considerably more protected compared to 15–20 years ago, indicating that safety practices employed during middle age continue into old age. Third, a trend is observed where individuals living in areas with more efficient professional rescue services tend to have lower levels of personal fire protection, suggesting a rational choice based on the perceived level of societal protection.
Machine Learning Predicts Accuracy in Eyewitnesses’ Voices
Authors: Gustafsson Philip U. , Lachmann Tim , Laukka Petri 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn important task in criminal justice is to evaluate the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. In this study, we examined if machine learning could be used to detect accuracy. Specifically, we examined if support vector machines (SVMs) could accurately classify testimony statements as correct or incorrect based purely on the nonverbal aspects of the voice. We analyzed 3,337 statements (76.61% accurate) from 51 eyewitness testimonies along 94 acoustic variables. We also examined the relative importance of each of the acoustic variables, using Lasso regression. Results showed that the machine learning algorithms were able to predict accuracy between 20 and 40% above chance level (AUC = 0.50). The most important predictors included acoustic variables related to the amplitude (loudness) of speech and the duration of pauses, with higher amplitude predicting correct recall and longer pauses predicting incorrect recall. Taken together, we find that machine learning methods are capable of predicting whether eyewitness testimonies are correct or incorrect with above-chance accuracy and comparable to human performance, but without detrimental human biases. This offers a proof-of-concept for machine learning in evaluations of eyewitness accuracy, and opens up new avenues of research that we hope might improve social justice.
Heat capacity measurements by a Setaram μDSC3 evo microcalorimeter: estimation of deviation in the measurement, advanced data analysis by mathematical gnostics, and prediction by the artificial neural network
Authors: Parmar Nirmal , Bendová Magdalena , Wagner Zdeněk 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The aim of the work is to study the variation in the isobaric heat capacity measurement due to changes in the amount of sample and the calibration standard using a Setaram

$$\mu$$

μ

DSC3 evo microcalorimeter batch cells to provide a guideline toward the selection of the sample amount to minimize heat capacity measurement error in

$$\mu$$

μ

DSC. Moreover, overall variation, variation due to the sample amount, and variation due to the calibration standard (reference) amount in heat capacity measurement were estimated for different amounts of the sample or/and the calibration standard material. In the present work, heat capacity measurements were taken for [C4mim][Tf2N] (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide) ionic liquid as a sample material and 1-butanol as a calibration standard. A novel non-statistical approach, mathematical gnostics (MG), was used for data analysis of measured heat capacities data. Moreover, the artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the deviation in the heat capacity measurement with 99.83% accuracy and 0.9939 R
2 score. The Python package PyCpep based on the trained ANN model was developed to predict the deviation in the heat capacity measurement.
Understanding diversification of strategies and tactics in Swedish mining resistance: the fanning-out effect of goals and contextual opportunities
Authors: Fjellborg Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEurope is witnessing increasing protests against mining. Social movements mobilizing against resource extraction projects, (i.e. anti-extraction movements) are typically heterogeneous actor networks using diverse tactics to stop projects and promote other forms of societal development. I investigate two prominent anti-extraction movements in Sweden and explore how movement actors’ goals and interpretations of contextual opportunities shape their strategies and tactics. I study tactics over eleven years and use frame analysis to explore actors’ goals, interpretations, and strategies. Results show how diverse goals lead to diversification of tactics in movements by prompting movement actors to relate to different policy areas, that is, issue-specific contexts. Furthermore, actors’ experiences of interacting in different issue-specific contexts created differences in actors’ retrospective reasoning, which reinforced variation in tactics by informing interpretations of contextual opportunities. The study contributes to social movement theory by explicating how the content of goals shape interpretations of contextual opportunities and by extension diversify movement actors’ strategies and tactics. This adds to the understanding of how socio-political context influence tactical choices in concert with other explanations such as action traditions, diffusion, and available resources. Understanding diversification of movement tactics is important for handling increasingly complex conflicts over natural resources.
Opium in science and society: numbers and other quantifications
Authors: Bornmann Lutz , Marewski Julian N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn science and beyond, quantifications are omnipresent when it comes to justifying judgments. Which scientific author, hiring committee-member, or advisory board panelist has not been confronted with page-long publication manuals, assessment reports, evaluation guidelines, calling for p-values, citation rates, h-indices, or other numbers to judge about the ‘quality’ of findings, applicants, or institutions? Yet, many of those of us relying on and calling for quantifications may not understand what information numbers can convey, and what not. Focusing on the uninformed usage of bibliometrics as worrisome outgrowth of the increasing quantification of science, in this opinion essay we place the abuse of quantifications into historical contexts and trends. These are characterized by mistrust in human intuitive judgment, obsessions with control and accountability, and a bureaucratization of science. We call for bringing common sense back into scientific (bibliometric-based) judgment exercises. Despite all number crunching, many judgments—be it about empirical findings or research institutions—will neither be straightforward, clear, and unequivocal, nor can they be ‘validated’ and be ‘objectified’ by external standards. We conclude that assessments in science ought to be understood as and be made as judgments under uncertainty.