bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Six months of different exercise type in sedentary primary schoolchildren: impact on physical fitness and saliva microbiota composition
Authors: Mancini Annamaria , Vitucci Daniela , Lasorsa Vito Alessandro , Lupo Corrado , Brustio Paolo Riccardo , Capasso Mario , Orrù Stefania , Rainoldi Alberto , Schena Federico , Buono Pasqualina 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionLifestyle influences microbiota composition. We previously reported a healthier microbiota composition in saliva from active schoolchildren compared to sedentary. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of 6 months of different exercise types on physical fitness and saliva microbiota composition in 8-11-years-old sedentary schoolchildren.MethodsSixty-four sedentary children from five primary schools in Turin, Italy, were divided into three groups: one continued normal curricular activity while two underwent different exercise protocols for 6 months. The Structured Exercise (Sa) group did 2 h per week of muscle activation, strength and coordination exercises supervised by a kinesiologist. The Daily Mile (Dm) group did 1 h per week of Sa plus 15 min of walking/running outdoors four times a week, supervised by a class teacher; control group (Ct) did 2 h a week of curricular exercise supervised by a class teacher. Physical fitness was evaluated before and after the intervention. Saliva samples were collected post-intervention in all participants and analyzed using PCR amplification of 16S rRNA bacterial genes. The Amplicon Sequence Variants were filtered, decontaminated, and phylogenetically classified using DADA2 software. Differential abundance analysis of microbiome taxa and pathway data was conducted using the LEfSe algorithm and PICRUSt.ResultsThe Sa group showed better performances in lower limb power and sprint performance while both the Sa and Dm groups improved in endurance and balance at the end of the intervention; only balance resulted slightly improved in the Ct group. Among the genera differently enriched in saliva after the training intervention, we found that the Prevotella, the Dubosiella and the Family XIII AD3011 group were the most abundant in the Sa group; differently, the Neisseria and the Abiotrophia in Ct group. Four species showed significant the Prevotella melaninogenica and the Prevotella nanceiensis were more abundant in the Sa, conversely, Gemella sanguinis was enriched in Dm and Abiotrophia defectiva in Ct saliva group.ConclusionWe demonstrated that Sa and Dm, not curricular exercise, improve the physical fitness components in sedentary schoolchildren correlated to health and promote an enrichment in saliva microbiota species associated to a healthier profile.
Pharmacokinetics study of atracurium, dexmedetomidine, midazolam and 1-hydroxymidazolam in patients undergoing acute aortic dissection surgery
Authors: Si Huiling , Xu Xuanxuan , Liang Yuhao , Shi Shuaibo , Xie Fan , Hu Jie 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveAn UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of atracurium (ATC), dexmedetomidine (DEX), midazolam (MDZ) and 1-hydroxymidazolam (1-OH-MDZ) and the pharmacokinetics of ATC, DEX, MDZ and 1-OH-MDZ in patients undergoing aortic dissection surgery were investigated.MethodsThe analytes were extracted by acetonitrile precipitation and separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid and a gradient mode. In the positive ion mode, the following mass transition pairs were monitored by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for the four analytes and IS: m/z 385.1→206.2 for ATC, m/z 201.2→95.1 for DEX, m/z 326.1→291.1 for MDZ, m/z 341.9→324.0 for 1-OH-MDZ, and 284.9→153.9 for diazepam (IS). Seven male patients undergoing aortic dissection surgery received general anesthesia and intravenous administration of ATC, DEX, and MDZ during the surgery. Venous blood was collected at different time points at the end of surgery and after surgery. The concentrations of ATC, DEX, MDZ, and 1-OH-MDZ were detected, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.ResultsThe method showed good linearity for each analyte. The inter-batch precision ranged from 1.37% to 9.87% and the intra-batch precision ranged from 2.41% to 10.72%; the accuracy ranged from 94.33% to 104.51%. Finally, the matrix effect, extraction recovery and stability data met the FDA recommended acceptance criteria for validation of bioanalytical methods. The t1/2 of ATC, DEX, MDZ and 1-OH-MDZ was (6.74 ± 2.27) h, (9.55 ± 4.93) h, (10.17 ± 5.35) h, and (6.90 ± 2.38) h, the Cmax, of ATC, DEX, MDZ and 1-OH-MDZ was (1054.20 ± 202.37) ng/mL, (1.93 ± 1.07) ng/mL, (1256.57 ± 389.09) ng/mL, and (1034.39 ± 292.92) ng/mL in patients undergoing aortic dissection surgery, respectively.ConclusionThe developed UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of ATC, DEX, MDZ and 1-OH-MDZ in patient plasma was accurate, reproducible, specific. After continuous administration of ATC, DEX, and MDZ to patients undergoing surgery for acute aortic dissection, the pharmacokinetics of ATC, DEX, MDZ and 1-OH-MDZ in patients undergoing aortic dissection surgery were studied.
DREADD agonist compound 21 causes acute diuresis in wild-type mice
Authors: MacIver Bryce , Wu Ali , Hill Warren G. , Yu Weiqun 
Published: October 2024

The targeted activation or inhibition of specific cell populations using chemogenetics allows the precise dissection of cellular signaling and function. Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) is a chemogenetic platform initially developed by mutating human muscarinic receptors to be unresponsive to endogenous acetylcholine but exclusively activated by an “inert” designer drug. Compound 21 (C21) is a new and potent DREADD agonist; however, radioligand assays from a recent report indicated its ability to bind to endogenous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including muscarinic M1–3 receptors. Whether this binding causes off-target effects is unclear. Renal innervation is important for the regulation of renal function, and the advent of chemogenetic tools provides significant opportunities for the mechanistic understanding of renal innervation and function. GPCRs such as adrenergic and muscarinic receptors play a role in renal function; thus, a careful pharmacological characterization of C21 in renal function is a prerequisite for this approach. Unexpectedly, an infusion of 1.0 mg/kg C21 in anesthetized mice caused an ∼4-fold increase in urine output and correspondingly increased the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), suggesting a C21-mediated acute diuretic effect. This acute diuresis effect was further confirmed in awake mice using voiding spot assays. The exact molecular mechanism for C21-mediated diuresis is unclear; however, we demonstrated by in vitro myography that C21 can effectively inhibit bladder smooth muscle contraction by antagonizing M3 receptors at the micromolar level, causing increased voiding size in vivo. In summary, C21 functions as a GPCR antagonist and has significant dose-dependent off-target effects in the renal system.
Didang Tang alleviates neuronal ferroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP/GPX4 signaling pathway
Authors: Lu Jing , Xu Hanying , Li Li , Tang Xiaolei , Zhang Ying , Zhang Dongmei , Xu Peng , Sun Liwei , Wang Jian 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionFerroptosis is a crucial process contributing to neuronal damage following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Didang Tang (DDT), a traditional therapeutic, has been used clinically to manage ICH for many years, yet the molecular mechanisms by which by DDT protects neurons from ferroptosis after ICH remain elusive.MethodsThis study utilized high-performance liquid chromatography-based fingerprint analysis to characterize DDT’s chemical composition. An ICH rat model and hemin and erastin-induced PC12 cell ferroptosis models were developed to investigate DDT’s neuroprotective mechanisms. Histological assessments of brain tissue morphology and iron deposition were performed using hematoxylin-eosin, Nissl, and Perl’s blue staining. Neurological function was evaluated using Longa and Berderson scores, while lipid peroxidation was measured using biochemical assays and flow cytometry. Protein expression levels of ferroptosis- and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related markers were analyzed via Western blotting and immunofluorescence.ResultsOur results demonstrated that DDT reduced hematoma volume, decreased iron deposition, lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and upregulated glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) and SLC7A11 expression in affected brain regions. Furthermore, DDT downregulated GRP78 expression and inhibited the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP/GPX4 pathway, exerting strong neuroprotective effects. The fluorescence staining results of MAP2/GPX4 and MAP2/CHOP suggested that DDT may regulate neuronal ferroptosis and ERs to exert the protective effect. In vitro experiments using hemin- and erastin-induced neuron-derived PC12 cells as neuronal ferroptosis models developed in our laboratory corroborated these in vivo findings, showing increased survival and reduced lipid peroxidation in DDT-treated cells, along with similar inhibitory effects on ferroptosis and ERS. Molecular docking suggested that DDT components, such as sennoside B, amygdalin, rhein, and emodin, interact favorably with PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway proteins, highlighting their potential role in DDT’s anti-ferroptosis effects.ConclusionDDT alleviates neuronal ferroptosis after ICH by modulating the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP/GPX4 signaling pathway. Overall, this study provides novel insights into DDT’s protective mechanisms against ICH-induced neuronal injury by modulating ferroptosis and ERS pathways, underscoring its potential as an effective therapeutic strategy.
An ensemble model for predicting dyslipidemia using 3-years continuous physical examination data
Authors: Zhang Naiwen , Guo Xiaolong , Yu Xiaxia , Tan Zhen , Cai Feiyue , Dai Ping , Guo Jing , Dan Guo 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundDyslipidemia has emerged as a significant clinical risk, with its associated complications, including atherosclerosis and ischemic cerebrovascular disease, presenting a grave threat to human well-being. Hence, it holds paramount importance to precisely predict the onset of dyslipidemia. This study aims to use ensemble technology to establish a machine learning model for the prediction of dyslipidemia.MethodsThis study included three consecutive years of physical examination data of 2,479 participants, and used the physical examination data of the first two years to predict whether the participants would develop dyslipidemia in the third year. Feature selection was conducted through statistical methods and the analysis of mutual information between features. Five machine learning models, including support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), K nearest neighbor (KNN) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), were utilized as base learners to construct the ensemble model. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the model.ResultsExperimental results show that the ensemble model achieves superior performance across several metrics, achieving an AUC of 0.88 ± 0.01 (P &lt; 0.001), surpassing the base learners by margins of 0.04 to 0.20. Calibration curves and DCA exhibited good predictive performance as well. Furthermore, this study explores the minimal necessary feature set for accurate prediction, finding that just the top 12 features were required for dependable outcomes. Among them, HbA1c and CEA are key indicators for model construction.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the proposed ensemble model has good predictive performance and has the potential to become an effective tool for personal health management.
Psychosocial resilience surrounding age-typical losses among older adults in Sweden: group-based trajectories over a 25-year-period
Authors: Agahi Neda , Augustsson Erika , McGarrigle Christine , Rostgaard Tine , Fritzell Johan 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionResilience is an important but often neglected aspect of healthy or successful aging. This study used a new approach for modelling psychosocial resilience to investigate responses when faced with age-typical losses. Rather than viewing resilience as a trait, we modelled trajectories of life satisfaction when faced with partner or functional loss in later life to identify resilient trajectories. Then, we examined characteristics associated with belonging to resilient trajectories.MethodWe analyzed longitudinal data from the individually linked Swedish LNU and SWEOLD surveys collected repeatedly between 1991 and 2021 (N = 450). A group-based trajectory modelling technique was used to obtain trajectories of life satisfaction over time, centered around the first identified loss. Identified losses (widowhood, loss of mobility and loss of vision), occurred between ages 60 and 98.ResultsFour trajectories of life satisfaction surrounding loss were identified, labelled Declining (46%), Non-recovering (24%), Recovering (16%), and Bouncing back (14%). The latter two were categorized as resilient. Individuals in resilient trajectories were more likely to be younger, engaged more with their friends after the loss, reported fewer mental health problems both before and after the loss, and had a higher sense of control before the loss.DiscussionSeveral interesting patterns of long-term change in life satisfaction were found in response to loss. Contrasting earlier findings, only about one-third of the sample was categorized as resilient. The two resilient trajectories were characterized by either quick adaptation or a slower adaptive process. Increasing or maintaining social networks, particularly friendships, after an age-typical loss may promote resilience.
Risk distribution of human infections with avian influenza A (H5N1, H5N6, H9N2 and H7N9) viruses in China
Authors: Qu Rongrong , Chen Mengsha , Chen Can , Cao Kexin , Wu Xiaoyue , Zhou Wenkai , Qi Jiaxing , Miao Jiani , Yan Dong , Yang Shigui 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate epidemiologic characteristics of major human infection with avian influenza and explore the factors underlying the spatial distributions, particularly H5N6 and H9N2, as H9N2 could directly infect mankind and contribute partial or even whole internal genes to generate novel human-lethal reassortants such as H5N6. They pose potential threats to public health and agriculture.MethodsThis study collected cases of H5N1, H5N6, H9N2, and H7N9 in China, along with data on ecoclimatic, environmental, social and demographic factors at the provincial level. Boosted regression tree (BRT) models, a popular approach to ecological studies, has been commonly used for risk mapping of infectious diseases, therefore, it was used to investigate the association between these variables and the occurrence of human cases for each subtype, as well as to map the probabilities of human infections.ResultsA total of 1,123 H5N1, H5N6, H9N2, and H7N9 human cases have been collected in China from 2011 to 2024. Factors including density of pig and density of human population emerged as common significant predictors for H5N1 (relative contributions: 5.3, 5.8%), H5N6 (10.8, 6.4%), H9N2 (11.2, 7.3%), and H7N9 (9.4, 8.0%) infection. Overall, each virus has its own ecological and social drivers. The predicted distribution probabilities for H5N1, H5N6, H9N2, and H7N9 presence are highest in Guangxi, Sichuan, Guangdong, and Jiangsu, respectively, with values of 0.86, 0.96, 0.93 and 0.99.ConclusionThis study highlighted the important role of social and demographic factors in the infection of different avian influenza, and suggested that monitoring and control of predicted high-risk areas should be prioritized.
Impact of cerebrovascular stroke on inflammatory periodontal indices: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of case-control studies
Authors: Dioguardi Mario , Bizzoca Maria Eleonora , Cantore Stefania , Caloro Giorgia Apollonia , Musella Gennaro , Mastrangelo Filiberto , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Ballini Andrea 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionCerebrovascular stroke, a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, is influenced by several modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Emerging evidence highlights the significant role of inflammation in stroke pathogenesis, with conditions like periodontitis potentially exacerbating this risk. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and quantify the real impact of periodontal disease in individuals with cerebral stroke through the analysis of inflammatory periodontal indicesMethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies assessing periodontal indices in stroke patients. Data sources included PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, with searches extended to grey literature. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024529767). Studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias, and meta-analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and TSA software.ResultsThe review included seven case-control studies, comprising 723 stroke patients and 787 controls. Meta-analyses revealed significant differences between stroke and control groups in clinical attachment loss [MD 1.04 mm, 95% CI (0.54, 1.54)], probing pocket depth [MD 0.68 mm, 95% CI (0.31, 10.6)], and radiological bone loss (MD 2.15 mm, 95% CI [−1.58, 5.89]. These findings indicate that stroke patients exhibit worse periodontal health compared to controls, supporting a potential link between periodontal inflammation and stroke.ConclusionThis study confirms the significant impact of periodontal disease on stroke patients and highlights the importance of oral health in preventing adverse cerebrovascular events.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO, identifier (CRD42024529767).
Interlinking financial stability regulation and governance in German professional soccer: contribution and implications
Authors: Adam Sandy , Bachmaier Birgit 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThis study explores the integration of financial stability regulation in professional soccer within the framework of sport governance, focusing on the German context. The research examines how financial regulations influence key governance principles such as accountability, transparency, and sustainability, while also addressing the challenges posed by the dynamic nature of professional soccer.MethodsA qualitative methodology was employed, using focus group discussions with nine experts, including representatives from soccer clubs, auditing firms and other relevant stakeholders. The discussions aimed to capture diverse perspectives on the impact of financial stability regulation on governance practices within the German soccer league and clubs.ResultsThe findings reveal that financial stability regulation is effective in promoting financial discipline and accountability at both league and club levels. However, the study also identifies challenges, such as the need for greater harmonization of regulatory frameworks across different levels of professional soccer and the potential benefits of implementing incentive mechanisms within the financial stability regulation to improve governance at the league and club levels.DiscussionThe study underscores the importance of a multi-dimensional approach to financial stability regulation, considering political, systemic, and organizational dimensions. It highlights the potential for improving governance through the adoption of independent governance models and more practical applications of governance principles. Future research could further explore these areas, offering insights that could enhance the effectiveness of financial regulation in professional soccer and potentially other sport contexts.
Sex differences in inflammatory parameters after shoulder arthroplasty and blood loss
Authors: Hertling Stefan , Schleußner Ekkehard , Loos Franziska Maria , Eckhardt Niklas , Kaiser Mario , Graul Isabel 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundIn many diseases, sex differences in diagnostics and therapy play role that is increasingly becoming recognized as important. C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) levels are determined as inflammatory markers to detect inflammation and even infection after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). The general course of white blood cell, CRP, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels after TSA is well known, but there is insufficient evidence of a possible association with sex. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether there is an influence of sex on CRP, WBCs, and Hb after TSA in the first 10 days after surgery in a complication-free course in male and female patients and to re-evaluate the specific postoperative CRP, WBC, and Hb course with their maximums (minimum for Hb) and further course until the end of the inpatient period.MethodsWe retrospectively studied patients treated with TSA, reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), and prosthesis replacement between 2015 and 2021. Patients with active inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, secondary osteoarthritis, active cancer, and documented postoperative complications were not included. CRP, WBC, and Hb levels before shoulder arthroplasty (SA) and up to 10 days after SA were recorded and analyzed for sex differences.ResultsData from a total of 316 patients (209 women and 107 men) were finally analyzed. There were no sex differences in the CRP and WBC values, but women had significantly lower preoperative Hb values, postoperative Hb values, and minimum Hb values. There were no significant differences in Hb, CRP, or WBC levels in the prosthesis exchange group.ConclusionThe progression of CRP and WBC levels showed no sex-specific significant differences after TSA within the first 7 postoperative days. The study confirmed a decreased Hb value for women at all stages of SA. Blood loss was significantly higher for RSA than for TSA for both men and women.