bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative control of Aedes aegypti resistant to pyrethroids: lethal and sublethal effects of monoterpene bioinsecticides
Authors: Silva Indira MA , Martins Gustavo F , Melo Carlisson R , Santana Alisson S , Faro Ruan RN , Blank Arie F , Alves Péricles B , Picanço Marcelo C , Cristaldo Paulo F , Araújo Ana Paula A , Bacci Leandro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe mosquito Aedes aegypti is intensively controlled because it is a vector of viruses that cause numerous diseases, especially in tropical regions. As a consequence of the indiscriminate use of insecticides, populations from different regions have become resistant to pyrethroids. Here, we analyzed the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oil of Aristolochia trilobata and its major compounds on A. aegypti from susceptible and pyrethroid‐resistant populations.RESULTSOur results showed that the toxicity of the different compounds and behavioral changes in response to them are dependent on the stage of the insect life cycle. The monoterpene ρ‐cymene caused high mortality in both larvae and adult females of A. aegypti, including those from the pyrethroid‐resistant population. The monoterpenes limonene and linalool caused a sublethal effect in the larvae, triggering changes in the swimming pattern.CONCLUSIONThis study highlights the potential of the essential oil of A. trilobata and its major compounds ρ‐cymene and limonene for the control of A. aegypti and reveals the importance of analyzing sublethal effects on the population dynamics of the A. aegypti mosquito. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Adjusting claims as new evidence emerges: Do students incorporate new evidence into their scientific explanations?
Authors: Novak Ann M. , Treagust David F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractConstructing explanations of complex phenomena is an important part of doing science and it is also an important component of learning science. Students need opportunities to make claims based on available evidence and then use science concepts to justify why evidence supports the claim. But what happens when new evidence emerges for the same phenomenon? The “claim” portion of the claim, evidence, and reasoning explanation framework is viewed as the most accessible to students. When new evidence suggests that students adjust their current thinking however, do students incorporate this new information and modify their claims? This research utilized a time series research design to explore how students modify their claim over four iterations of one explanation, termed an evolving explanation. As new data were collected and analyzed to provide additional evidence, students needed to evaluate their current claim to see if it took into account all available evidence. This research explores that process including the supports that the teacher provided and the challenges that students faced in developing one claim, over time. The findings indicate that many students face challenges adjusting their claims when new, conflicting evidence emerges, even with class discussion, teacher feedback, and written scaffolds. Several possible reasons exist to account for this challenge. Students may (1) ignore new evidence, (2) find “undoing” their initial idea too cognitively demanding, or (3) simply not have any similar experience from which to build. Providing students with experiences of writing evolving explanations reflects what scientists do, while simultaneously preparing students to become more scientifically proficient.
Relative Resistance of the Emerging Fungal Pathogen Candida auris and Other Candida Species to Killing by Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Cadnum Jennifer L. , Shaikh Aaron A. , Piedrahita Christina T. , Jencson Annette L. , Larkin Emily L. , Ghannoum Mahmoud A. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: November 2017

Mobile ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light room decontamination devices are frequently used as an adjunct to standard cleaning in healthcare facilities, but their efficacy in killing Candida species is not clear. In laboratory testing, the emerging multidrug-resistant Candida auris and 2 other Candida species were significantly less susceptible to killing by UV-C than methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:94–96
SIBSHIP SIZE AND YOUNG WOMEN’S TRANSITIONS TO ADULTHOOD IN INDIA
Authors: Santhya K. G. , Zavier A. J. Francis 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIn India, a substantial proportion of young people are growing up in smaller families with fewer siblings than earlier generations of young people. Studies exploring the associations between declines in sibship size and young people’s life experiences are limited. Drawing on data from a sub-nationally representative study conducted in 2006–08 of over 50,000 youths in India, this paper examines the associations between surviving sibship size and young women’s (age 20–24) transitions to adulthood. Young women who reported no or a single surviving sibling were categorized as those with a small surviving sibship size, and those who reported two or more surviving siblings as those with a large surviving sibship size. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to ascertain the relationship between sibship size and outcome indicators. Analysis was also done separately for low- and high-fertility settings. Small sibship size tended to have a positive influence in many ways on young women’s chances of making successful transitions to adulthood. Young women with fewer siblings were more likely than others to report secondary school completion, participation in vocational skills training programmes, experience of gender egalitarian socialization practices, adherence to gender egalitarian norms, exercise of pre-marital agency and small family size preferences. These associations were more apparent in low- than high-fertility settings.
EVALUATION OF THE HTA CORE MODEL FOR NATIONAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT REPORTS: COMPARATIVE STUDY AND EXPERIENCES FROM EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Kõrge Kristina , Berndt Nadine , Hohmann Juergen , Romano Florence , Hiligsmann Mickael 
Published: November 2017

Objectives: The health technology assessment (HTA) Core Model® is a tool for defining and standardizing the elements of HTA analyses within several domains for producing structured reports. This study explored the parallels between the Core Model and a national HTA report. Experiences from various European HTA agencies were also investigated to determine the Core Model's adaptability to national reports.Methods: A comparison between a national report on Genetic Counseling, produced by the Cellule d'expertise médicale Luxembourg, and the Core Model was performed to identify parallels in terms of relevant and comparable assessment elements (AEs). Semi-structured interviews with five representatives from European HTA agencies were performed to assess their user experiences with the Core Model.Results: The comparative study revealed that 50 percent of the total number (n = 144) of AEs in the Core Model were relevant for the national report. Of these 144 AEs from the Core Model, 34 (24 percent) were covered in the national report. Some AEs were covered only partly. The interviewees emphasized flexibility in using the Core Model and stated that the most important aspects to be evaluated include characteristics of the disease and technology, clinical effectiveness, economic aspects, and safety.Conclusions: In the present study, the national report covered an acceptable number of AEs of the Core Model. These results need to be interpreted with caution because only one comparison was performed. The Core Model can be used in a flexible manner, applying only those elements that are relevant from the perspective of the technology assessment and specific country context.
Peer effects on self-regulation in adolescence depend on the nature and quality of the peer interaction
Authors: King Kevin M. , McLaughlin Katie A. , Silk Jennifer , Monahan Kathryn C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAdolescence is a critical period for the development of self-regulation, and peer interactions are thought to strongly influence regulation ability. Simple exposure to peers has been found to alter decisions about risky behaviors and increase sensitivity to rewards. The link between peer exposure and self-regulation is likely to vary as a function of the type and quality of peer interaction (e.g., rejection or acceptance). Little is known about how the nature of interactions with peers influences different dimensions of self-regulation. We examined how randomization to acceptance or rejection by online “virtual” peers influenced multiple dimensions of self-regulation in a multisite community sample of 273 adolescents aged 16–17 years. Compared to a neutral condition, exposure to peers produced increases in cold cognitive control, but decreased hot cognitive control. Relative to peer acceptance, peer rejection reduced distress tolerance and increased sensitivity to losses. These findings suggest that different dimensions of adolescent self-regulation are influenced by the nature of the peer context: basic cognitive functions are altered by mere exposure to peers, whereas more complex decision making and emotion regulation processes are influenced primarily by the quality of that exposure.
Anomalous Growth Rate of Ag Nanocrystals Revealed by in situ STEM
Authors: Ge Mingyuan , Lu Ming , Chu Yong , Xin Huolin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn situ microscopy of colloidal nanocrystal growth offers a unique opportunity to acquire direct and straightforward data for assessing classical growth models. Here, we observe the growth trajectories of individual Ag nanoparticles in solution using in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy. For the first time, we provide experimental evidence of growth rates of Ag nanoparticles in the presence of Pt in solution that are significantly faster than predicted by Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory. We attribute these observed anomalous growth rates to the synergistic effects of the catalytic properties of Pt and the electron beam itself. Transiently reduced Pt atoms serve as active sites for Ag ions to grow, thereby playing a key role in controlling the growth kinetics. Electron beam illumination greatly increases the local concentration of free radicals, thereby strongly influencing particle growth rate and the resulting particle morphology. Through a systematic investigation, we demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing these synergistic effects for controlling the growth rates and particle morphologies at the nanoscale. Our findings not only expand the current scope of crystal growth theory, but may also lead to a broader scientific application of nanocrystal synthesis.
Evaluating the effect of Clostridium difficile conditioned medium on fecal microbiota community structure
Authors: Horvat Sabina , Mahnic Aleksander , Breskvar Martin , Dzeroski Saso , Rupnik Maja 
Published: November 2017

AbstractClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is typically associated with disturbed gut microbiota and changes related to decreased colonization resistance against C. difficile are well described. However, nothing is known about possible effects of C. difficile on gut microbiota restoration during or after CDI. In this study, we have mimicked such a situation by using C. difficile conditioned medium of six different C. difficile strains belonging to PCR ribotypes 027 and 014/020 for cultivation of fecal microbiota. A marked decrease of microbial diversity was observed in conditioned medium of both tested ribotypes. The majority of differences occurred within the phylum Firmicutes, with a general decrease of gut commensals with putative protective functions (i.e. Lactobacillus, Clostridium_XIVa) and an increase in opportunistic pathogens (i.e. Enterococcus). Bacterial populations in conditioned medium differed between the two C. difficile ribotypes, 027 and 014/020 and are likely associated with nutrient availability. Fecal microbiota cultivated in medium conditioned by E. coli, Salmonella Enteritidis or Staphylococcus epidermidis grouped together and was clearly different from microbiota cultivated in C. difficile conditioned medium suggesting that C. difficile effects are specific. Our results show that the changes observed in microbiota of CDI patients are partially directly influenced by C. difficile.
Pseudotrichonympha leei, Pseudotrichonympha lifesoni, and Pseudotrichonympha pearti, new species of parabasalian flagellates and the description of a rotating subcellular structure
Authors: del Campo Javier , James Erick R. , Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Fiorito Rebecca , Kolisko Martin , Irwin Nicholas A. T. , Mathur Varsha , Boscaro Vittorio , Hehenberger Elisabeth , Karnkowska Anna , Scheffrahn Rudolf H. , Keeling Patrick J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPseudotrichonympha is a large and structurally complex genus of parabasalian protists that play a key role in the digestion of lignocellulose in the termite hindgut. Like many termite symbionts, it has a conspicuous body plan that makes genus-level identification relatively easy, but species-level diversity of Pseudotrichonympha is understudied. Molecular surveys have suggested the diversity is much greater than the current number of described species, and that many “species” described in multiple hosts are in fact different, but gene sequences from formally described species remain a rarity. Here we describe three new species from Coptotermes and Prorhinotermes hosts, including small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequences from single cells. Based on host identification by morphology and DNA barcoding, as well as the morphology and phylogenetic position of each symbiont, all three represent new Pseudotrichonympha species: P. leei, P. lifesoni, and P. pearti. Pseudotrichonympha leei and P. lifesoni, both from Coptotermes, are closely related to other Coptotermes symbionts including the type species, P. hertwigi. Pseudotrichonympha pearti is the outlier of the trio, more distantly related to P. leei and P. lifesoni than they are to one another, and contains unique features, including an unusual rotating intracellular structure of unknown function.
Molecular variation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in the insect vector Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Yang Xiuling , Wang Bi , Luan Junbo , Xie Yan , Liu Shusheng , Zhou Xueping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInsect vectors play significant roles in geminivirus spread and evolution in nature. To date little is known about the population dynamics of begomoviruses in their insect vector Bemisia tabaci. In this study we analyzed the genetic variation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in its host plant, Solanum lycopersicum, in its transmission vector B. tabaci raised on TYLCV-infected S. lycopersicum plants, and in B. tabaci after being transferred from S. lycopersicum to Gossypium hirsutum. We found that the levels of variability of TYLCV remained stable in S. lycopersicum plants, but increased significantly in both invasive and indigenous species of B. tabaci. We also presented evidence that the elevated mutation frequencies in TYLCV populations from vector whiteflies were caused mainly by mutations that occurred at several distinct sites within the TYLCV genome. Simultaneous introduction of mutations in the hot spots did not affect the ability of TYLCV to be transmitted by B. tabaci, but reduced its pathogenicity in both S. lycopersicum and Nicotiana benthamiana. Our findings provide new information on population variability of TYLCV in its insect vector, extending the knowledge of the influence of insect vector on plant virus population dynamics.
Quantum algorithm for preparing the ground state of a system via resonance transition
Authors: Wang Hefeng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPreparing the ground state of a system is an important task in physics. We propose a quantum algorithm for preparing the ground state of a physical system that can be simulated on a quantum computer. The system is coupled to an ancillary qubit, by introducing a resonance mechanism between the ancilla qubit and the system, and combined with measurements performed on the ancilla qubit, the system can be evolved to monotonically converge to its ground state through an iterative procedure. We have simulated the application of this algorithm for the Afflect-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki model, whose ground state can be used as resource state in one-way quantum computation.
Alpha-helicoidal HEAT-like Repeat Proteins (αRep) Selected as Interactors of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Negatively Interfere with Viral Genome Packaging and Virus Maturation
Authors: Hadpech Sudarat , Nangola Sawitree , Chupradit Koollawat , Fanhchaksai Kanda , Furnon Wilhelm , Urvoas Agathe , Valerio-Lepiniec Marie , Minard Philippe , Boulanger Pierre , Hong Saw-See , Tayapiwatana Chatchai 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA new generation of artificial proteins, derived from alpha-helicoidal HEAT-like repeat protein scaffolds (αRep), was previously characterized as an effective source of intracellular interfering proteins. In this work, a phage-displayed library of αRep was screened on a region of HIV-1 Gag polyprotein encompassing the C-terminal domain of the capsid, the SP1 linker and the nucleocapsid. This region is known to be essential for the late steps of HIV-1 life cycle, Gag oligomerization, viral genome packaging and the last cleavage step of Gag, leading to mature, infectious virions. Two strong αRep binders were isolated from the screen, αRep4E3 (32 kDa; 7 internal repeats) and αRep9A8 (28 kDa; 6 internal repeats). Their antiviral activity against HIV-1 was evaluated in VLP-producer cells and in human SupT1 cells challenged with HIV-1. Both αRep4E3 and αRep9A8 showed a modest but significant antiviral effects in all bioassays and cell systems tested. They did not prevent the proviral integration reaction, but negatively interfered with late steps of the HIV-1 life cycle: αRep4E3 blocked the viral genome packaging, whereas αRep9A8 altered both virus maturation and genome packaging. Interestingly, SupT1 cells stably expressing αRep9A8 acquired long-term resistance to HIV-1, implying that αRep proteins can act as antiviral restriction-like factors.
Greatly enhanced light emission of MoS2 using photonic crystal heterojunction
Authors: Liu Jiang-Tao , Tong Hong , Wu Zhen-Hua , Huang Jin-Bao , Zhou Yun-Song 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe present theoretical study on developing a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal heterojunction (h-PhC) that consists of a monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) structure. By employing the transfer matrix method, we obtained the analytical solution of the light absorption and emission of two-dimensional materials in 1D h-PhC. Simultaneously enhancing the light absorption and emission of the medium in multiple frequency ranges is easy as h-PhC has more modes of photon localization than the common photonic crystal. Our numerical results demonstrate that the proposed 1D h-PhC can simultaneously enhance the light absorption and emission of MoS2 and enhance the photoluminescence spectrum of MoS2 by 2–3 orders of magnitude.
Combined inhibition of MEK and nuclear ERK translocation has synergistic antitumor activity in melanoma cells
Authors: Arafeh Rand , Flores Karen , Keren-Paz Alona , Maik-Rachline Galia , Gutkind Naomi , Rosenberg Steven , Seger Rony , Samuels Yardena 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGenetic alterations in BRAF, NRAS and NF1 that activate the ERK cascade, account for over 80% of metastatic melanomas. However, ERK cascade inhibitors have been proven beneficial almost exclusively for BRAF mutant melanomas. One of the hallmarks of the ERK cascade is the nuclear translocation of ERK1/2, which is important mainly for the induction of proliferation. This translocation can be inhibited by the NTS-derived peptide (EPE) that blocks the ERK1/2-importin7 interaction, inhibits the nuclear translocation of ERK1/2, and arrests active ERK1/2 in the cytoplasm. In this study, we found that the EPE peptide significantly reduced the viability of not only BRAF, but also several NRAS and NF1 mutant melanomas. Importantly, combination of the EPE peptide and trametinib showed synergy in reducing the viability of some NRAS mutant melanomas, an effect driven by the partial preservation of negative feedback loops. The same combination significantly reduced the viability of other melanoma cells, including those resistant to mono-treatment with EPE peptide and ERK cascade inhibitors. Our study indicates that targeting the nuclear translocation of ERK1/2, in combination with MEK inhibitors can be used for the treatment of different mutant melanomas.
A large and distinct skin impression on the cast of a sauropod dinosaur footprint from Early Cretaceous floodplain deposits, Korea
Authors: Paik In Sung , Kim Hyun Joo , Lee Hoil , Kim Seongyeong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe occurrence and features of skin impressions in a sauropod footprint, the largest (>50 cm in diameter) reported to date for this taxon, from the Lower Cretaceous Haman Formation (Albian) in Korea are described, and its preservation and paleoenvironmental implications are interpreted. The skin impression-bearing deposits are floodplain sediments formed by sheetflood processes. The large impression is preserved in silty mudstone with microbial lenses and wisps overlying a planar- to cross-laminated and fine-grained sandstone to siltstone bed. The paleoenvironment of the skin impression-bearing deposits is interpreted as a saline sandflat to mudflat where microbial mats can form around lakes or ponds under semi-arid paleoclimatic conditions with alternating wetting and drying intervals. These paleoenvironmental conditions would have permitted the distinct preservation of skin impressions in a dinosaur footprint. The observations here suggest that some sauropod dinosaurs in the Cretaceous had a well-developed polygonal skin texture covering nearly the whole of their foot pads, as seen in modern elephants, which would increase stability when walking on muddy and wet ground.
The E. coli dicarboxylic acid transporters DauA act as a signal transducer by interacting with the DctA uptake system
Authors: Karinou Eleni , Hoskisson Paul A. , Strecker Alexander , Unden Gottfried , Javelle Arnaud 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Slc26A/SulP family of ions transporter is ubiquitous and widpsread in all kingdon of life. In E. coli, we have demonstrated that the Slc26 protein DauA is a C4-dicarboxilic acids (C4-diC) transporter active at acidic pH. The main C4-diC transporter active at pH7 is DctA and is induced by C4-diC via the DcuS/R two component system. DctA interacts with DcuS, the membrane embedded histidine kinase, to transfers DcuS to the responsive state, i.e. in the absence of DctA, DcuS is permanently “on”, but its activity is C4-diC-dependent when in complex with DctA. Using phenotypic characterization, transport assays and protein expression studies, we show that at pH7 full DctA production depends on the presence of DauA. A Bacterial Two Hybrid system indicates that DauA and the sensor complex DctA/DcuS physically interact at the membrane. Pull down experiments completed by co-purification study prove that DauA and DctA interact physically at the membrane. These data open a completely new aspect of the C4-diC metabolism in E. coli and reveals how the bacterial Slc26A uptake systems participate in multiple cellular functions. This constitutes a new example of a bacterial transporter that acts as a processor in a transduction pathway.