bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Song Recognition via a Hollow‐Microstructure‐Based, Ultrasensitive Artificial Eardrum
Authors: Li Shaopeng , Tian Jiangtao , Li Ke , Xu Kemeng , Zhang Jiaqi , Chen Tingting , Li Yang , Wang Hongbo , Wu Qiye , Xie Jinchun , Men Yongjun , Liu Weiping , Zhang Xiaodan , Cao Wenhan , Huang Zhongjie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArtificial ears with intelligence, which can sensitively detect sound—a variant of pressure—and generate consciousness and logical decision‐making abilities, hold great promise to transform life. However, despite the emerging flexible sensors for sound detection, most success is limited to very simple phonemes, such as a couple of letters or words, probably due to the lack of device sensitivity and capability. Herein, the construction of ultrasensitive artificial eardrums enabling intelligent song recognition is reported. This strategy employs novel geometric engineering of sensing units in the soft microstructure array (to significantly reduce effective modulus) along with complex song recognition exploration leveraging machine learning algorithms. Unprecedented pressure sensitivity (6.9 × 103 kPa−1) is demonstrated in a sensor with a hollow pyramid architecture with porous slants. The integrated device exhibits unparalleled (exceeding by 1–2 orders of magnitude compared with reported benchmark samples) sound detection sensitivity, and can accurately identify 100% (for training set) and 97.7% (for test set) of a database of the segments from 77 songs varying in language, style, and singer. Overall, the results highlight the outstanding performance of the hollow‐microstructure‐based sensor, indicating its potential applications in human–machine interaction and wearable acoustical technologies.
Functionally‐Graded Serrated Fangs Allow Spiders to Mechanically Cut Silk, Carbon and Kevlar Fibers
Authors: Greco Gabriele , Misseroni Diego , Castellucci Filippo , Di Novo Nicolò G. , Pugno Nicola M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBefore humans and allegedly any animal group, spiders developed “functionally graded toothed blades” that cut one of the toughest biological materials: silk. Here, this work reveals the importance of micro‐structured serrations in spiders’ fangs that allow these animals to cut silk and artificial high‐performance fibers, such as carbon or Kevlar. The importance of serrations revolves around the stress concentration at the interface between the fang and the fibers, resulting in a cutting efficiency superior to that of a razor blade. This efficiency is increased by the presence of pretension in the fibers and is high also for fibers with different diameters like silk, because of the serration grading that allows a smart positioning of the fiber in the optimal cutting condition. This work proposes that when the silk fiber is grasped by the fang, it slides along the serrated edge till it gets locked in the serration with a comparable size, where the load to cut is minimal. These results provide a new perspective on cutting mechanisms and set the roots for spider fang‐inspired cutting tools.
Lung‐Targeted Lipid Nanoparticle‐Delivered siUSP33 Attenuates SARS‐CoV‐2 Replication and Virulence by Promoting Envelope Degradation
Authors: Zhou Yuzheng , Liao Yujie , Fan Lujie , Wei Xiafei , Huang Qiang , Yang Chuwei , Feng Wei , Wu Yezi , Gao Xiang , Shen Xiaotong , Zhou Jian , Xia Zanxian , Zhang Zheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs a structural protein of SARS‐CoV‐2, the envelope (E) protein not only plays a key role in the formation of viral particles, but also forms ion channels and has pathogenic functions, including triggering cell death and inflammatory responses. The stability of E proteins is controlled by the host ubiquitin‐proteasome system. By screening human deubiquitinases, it is found that ubiquitin‐specific protease 33 (USP33) can enhance the stability of E proteins depending on its deubiquitinase activity, thereby promoting viral replication. In the absence of USP33, E proteins are rapidly degraded, leading to a reduced viral load and inflammation. Using lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulation of siUSP33 by adjusting the lipid components (ionizable cationic lipids), siUSP33 is successfully delivered to mouse lung tissues, rapidly reducing USP33 expression in the lungs and maintaining knockdown for at least 14 days, effectively suppressing viral replication and virulence. This method of delivery allows efficient targeting of the lungs and a response to acute infections without long‐term USP33 deficiency. This research, based on the deubiquitination mechanism of USP33 on the E protein, demonstrates that LNP‐mediated siRNA delivery targeting USP33 plays a role in antiviral and anti‐inflammatory responses, offering a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Imaging Metabolic Flow of Water in Plants with Isotope‐Traced Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
Authors: Bi Simin , Ao Jianpeng , Jiang Ting , Zhu Xianmiao , Zhu Yimin , Yang Weibing , Zheng Binglian , Ji Minbiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWater plays a vital role in the life cycle of plants, participating in various critical biochemical reactions during both non‐photosynthetic and photosynthetic processes. Direct visualization of the metabolic activities of water in plants with high spatiotemporal resolution is essential to reveal the functional utilization of water. Here, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is applied to monitor the metabolic processes of deuterated water (D2O) in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana). The work shows that in plants uptaking D2O/water solution, proton‐transfer from water to organic metabolites results in the formation of C‐D bonds in newly synthesized biomolecules (lipid, protein, and polysaccharides, etc.) that allow high‐resolution detection with SRS. Reversible metabolic pathways of oil‐starch conversion between seed germination and seed development processes are verified. Spatial heterogeneity of metabolic activities along the vertical axis of plants (root, stem, and tip meristem), as well as the radial distributions of secondary growth on the horizontal cross‐sections are quantified. Furthermore, metabolic flow of protons from plants to animals is visualized in aphids feeding on A. thaliana. Collectively, SRS microscopy has potential to trace a broad range of matter flows in plants, such as carbon storage and nutrition metabolism.
Loss‐of‐Function Variants in CUL3 Cause a Syndromic Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Authors: Blackburn Patrick R. , Ebstein Frédéric , Hsieh Tzung‐Chien , Motta Marialetizia , Radio Francesca Clementina , Herkert Johanna C. , Rinne Tuula , Thiffault Isabelle , Rapp Michele , Alders Mariel , Maas Saskia , Gerard Bénédicte , Smol Thomas , Vincent‐Delorme Catherine , Cogné Benjamin , Isidor Bertrand , Vincent Marie , Bachmann‐Gagescu Ruxandra , Rauch Anita , Joset Pascal , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Ciolfi Andrea , Husson Thomas , Guerrot Anne‐Marie , Bacino Carlos , Macmurdo Colleen , Thompson Stephanie S. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Faivre Laurence , Mau‐Them Frederic Tran , Deb Wallid , Vignard Virginie , Agrawal Pankaj B. , Madden Jill A. , Goldenberg Alice , Lecoquierre François , Zech Michael , Prokisch Holger , Necpál Ján , Jech Robert , Winkelmann Juliane , Koprušáková Monika Turčanová , Konstantopoulou Vassiliki , Younce John R. , Shinawi Marwan , Mighton Chloe , Fung Charlotte , Morel Chantal F. , Lerner‐Ellis Jordan , DiTroia Stephanie , Barth Magalie , Bonneau Dominique , Krapels Ingrid , Stegmann Alexander P.A. , van der Schoot Vyne , Brunet Theresa , Bußmann Cornelia , Mignot Cyril , Zampino Giuseppe , Wortmann Saskia B. , Mayr Johannes A. , Feichtinger René G. , Courtin Thomas , Ravelli Claudia , Keren Boris , Ziegler Alban , Hasadsri Linda , Pichurin Pavel N. , Klee Eric W. , Grand Katheryn , Sanchez‐Lara Pedro A. , Krüger Elke , Bézieau Stéphane , Klinkhammer Hannah , Krawitz Peter Michael , Eichler Evan E. , Tartaglia Marco , Küry Sébastien , Wang Tianyun 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveDe novo variants in cullin‐3 ubiquitin ligase (CUL3) have been strongly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), but no large case series have been reported so far. Here, we aimed to collect sporadic cases carrying rare variants in CUL3, describe the genotype–phenotype correlation, and investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanism.MethodsGenetic data and detailed clinical records were collected via multicenter collaboration. Dysmorphic facial features were analyzed using GestaltMatcher. Variant effects on CUL3 protein stability were assessed using patient‐derived T‐cells.ResultsWe assembled a cohort of 37 individuals with heterozygous CUL3 variants presenting a syndromic NDD characterized by intellectual disability with or without autistic features. Of these, 35 have loss‐of‐function (LoF) and 2 have missense variants. CUL3 LoF variants in patients may affect protein stability leading to perturbations in protein homeostasis, as evidenced by decreased ubiquitin‐protein conjugates in vitro. Notably, we show that 4E‐BP1 (EIF4EBP1), a prominent substrate of CUL3, fails to be targeted for proteasomal degradation in patient‐derived cells.InterpretationOur study further refines the clinical and mutational spectrum of CUL3‐associated NDDs, expands the spectrum of cullin RING E3 ligase‐associated neuropsychiatric disorders, and suggests haploinsufficiency via LoF variants is the predominant pathogenic mechanism. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:76–89
A CaI2‐Based Electrolyte Enabled by Borate Ester Anion Receptors for Reversible Ca−Organic and Ca−Se Batteries
Authors: Hou Zhen , Zhou Rui , Liu Kai , Zhu Junwu , Zhang Biao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPassivating solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) in Ca metal anodes constitute a long‐standing challenge, as they block Ca2+ transport and inhibit reversible Ca deposition/stripping. Current solutions focus primarily on boron/aluminum‐based electrolytes to mitigate such interfacial issues by producing Ca2+‐conductive species, yet the complex synthetic procedure of these salts restricts the widespread application. Moreover, whether any inorganic phases possess decent Ca2+ conductivity within SEIs remains ambiguous. Herein, we report that a commercially available CaI2‐dimethoxyethane electrolyte supports reversible Ca/Ca2+ redox reactions via forming CaI2‐involved SEI, inspired by our density functional theory calculations where CaI2 species is predicted to possess the lowest Ca2+ diffusion barrier among a range of inorganic phases. We further materialize this finding by introducing a serial of borate ester anion receptors, resulting in the formation of CaI2/borides hybrid SEIs with an enhanced Ca2+ conductivity. Consequently, the resultant electrolytes realize a 7‐fold reduction in deposition/stripping overpotential compared to anion receptor‐free one, allowing for the construction of reversible Ca‐metal full cells with high‐capacity selenium and organic cathodes.
A Low‐Acidity Chloride Electrolyte Enables Exceptional Reversibility and Stability in Aqueous Tin Metal Batteries
Authors: Chang Songyang , Hou Wentao , Del Valle‐Perez Angelica , Ullah Irfan , Qiu Shen , Rodriguez Jeileen Luciano , Díaz‐Vázquez Liz M. , Cunci Lisandro , Morell Gerardo , Wu Xianyong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTin (Sn) metal has emerged as a promising anode for aqueous batteries, due to its high capacity, non‐toxicity, and cost‐effectiveness. However, Sn metal has often been coupled with strong and corrosive sulfuric acids (2–3 M), leading to severe electrode corrosion and hydrogen evolution issues. Although high efficiency and long cycling were reported, the results were achieved using high currents to kinetically mask electrode‐electrolyte side reactions. Herein, we introduce a low‐acidity tin chloride electrolyte (pH=1.09) as a more viable option, which eliminates the need of strong acids and enables a reversible dendrite‐free Sn plating chemistry. Remarkably, the plating efficiency approaches unity (99.97 %) under standard testing conditions (1 mA cm−2 for 1 mAh cm−2), which maintains high at 99.23–99.93 % across various aggressive conditions, including low current (0.1–0.25 mA cm−2), high capacity (5–10 mAh cm−2), and extended resting time (24–72 hours). The battery calendar life is further prolonged to 3064 hours, significantly surpassing literature reports. Additionally, we presented an effective method to mitigate the potential Sn2+ oxidization issue on the cathode, demonstrating long‐cycling Sn||LiMn2O4 hybrid batteries. This work offers critical insights for developing highly reversible Sn metal batteries.
Honeycomb‐Structured IrOx Foam Platelets as the Building Block of Anode Catalyst Layer in PEM Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Xie Zhoubing , Chen Hui , Wang Xiyang , Wu Yimin A. , Wang Zizhun , Jana Subhajit , Zou Yongcun , Zhao Xiao , Liang Xiao , Zou Xiaoxin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAchieving robust long‐term durability with high catalytic activity at low iridium loading remains one of great challenges for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). Herein, we report the low‐temperature synthesis of iridium oxide foam platelets comprising edge‐sharing IrO6 octahedral honeycomb framework, and demonstrate the structural advantages of this material for multilevel tuning of anodic catalyst layer across atomic‐to‐microscopic scales for PEMWE. The integration of IrO6 octahedral honeycomb framework, foam‐like texture and platelet morphology into a single material system assures the generation and exposure of highly active and stable iridium catalytic sites for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), while facilitating the reduction of both mass transport loss and electronic resistance of catalyst layer. As a proof of concept, the membrane electrode assembly in single‐cell PEMWE based on honeycomb‐structured IrOx foam platelets, with a low iridium loading (~0.3 mgIr/cm2), is demonstrated to exhibit high catalytic activity at ampere‐level current densities and to remain stable for more than 2000 hours.
Dynamic Organic Phosphorescence Glass by Rigid‐Soft Coupling
Authors: Zhang Meng , Lan Xiaohui , Ding Meijuan , Han Chaoyi , Liu Xing Wang , Meng Zhengong , Yu Zhen‐Qiang , An Zhongfu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrganic phosphorescence glass has garnered considerable attention owing to the excellent shaping ability and photophysical behavior, but facile construction from single‐component phosphors is still challenging. Herein, a rigid‐soft coupling design is adopted in organic phosphors of ICO, CCO and PCO, thus preparing phosphorescence glasses through melting‐quenching method to give excellent shaping ability and dynamic phosphorescence. RTP performance is significantly enhanced in the dense‐structure glass, and intriguing high‐temperature phosphorescence (HTP) is still observable even at 400 K. Direct patterning under UV irradiation is also achieved using photolithography technique, allowing for the creation of high‐quality afterglow patterns that can be reversibly erased and rewritten. This rigid‐soft conformation in organic phosphors elucidates a promising concept for achieving efficient RTP glass with wide application prospects.
“Boron Ylide” Enables Stereoselective Construction of gem‐Diborylcyclopropanes
Authors: Fang Tongchang , Zhang Peng , Liu Chao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe stereoselective cyclopropanation of olefins with “boron ylide” is disclosed for the first time, providing a modular strategy for the synthesis of stereospecific diboryl‐functionalized cyclopropanes. The chiral gem‐diborylcyclopropanes are synthesized with excellent enantioselectivity with the aid of a chiral auxiliary. Based on the powerful transformable ability of boryl group, those challenging multi‐quaternary carbon centers in cyclopropane units have been facilely constructed with excellent stereoselectivity. Control experiments indicate that the boryl groups are necessary for both chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity control.
Rational Design of Crystalline and Enantiomerically Pure Helicenes with Open‐Shell Singlet Ground States
Authors: Wang Tao , Tang Shuxuan , Dong Xue , Zhao Yu , Sun Quanchun , Kong Shanshan , Zhao Yue , Wang Xinping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHelicene diradical derivatives have attracted widespread attentions because of their unique magnetic and chiroptoelectronic properties, however, crystalline and enantiomerically pure forms of helicene diradicals are extremely rare. Herein, we describe the rational design and synthesis of o‐quinone functionalized helicene diradicals with crystalline enantiomerical purity. Diradical dianion salt Rac‐3K and its enantiomers P/M‐3K were obtained by reduction of corresponding precursors Rac‐3 and P/M‐3 with two equivalent potassium graphite in THF in the presence of (di)benzo‐18‐crown‐6. Neutral dioxoborocyclic helicene diradicals (Rac‐3B and P/M‐3B) were produced by reactions of Rac‐3 or P/M‐3 with chlorobis(perfluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)2Cl. Crystal structures of compounds Rac‐3K, Rac‐3B and P/M‐3K were obtained by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Their open‐shell singlet state ground states were confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements and theoretical calculations. Their chiroptical properties were investigated by the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy. This work provides the first examples of enantiopure helicene diradical dianions and boron‐containing helicene diradicals.
Disorder Over Pore Size: Boosting Supercapacitor Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Yu , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe urgent need for efficient energy storage systems has spotlighted supercapacitors and nanostructured porous carbon materials. These materials require structural optimization to enhance their performance and lifespan, necessitating advanced design and synthesis techniques. In a recent publication, Forse and co‐workers reveal that structural disorder in nanoporous carbon materials significantly enhances their capacitance performance, suggesting that optimizing structural disorder is key to developing high‐energy‐density supercapacitors. This study innovatively shows that structural disorder in nanoporous carbon materials significantly enhances capacitance performance, surpassing traditional factors like pore size and surface area. The investigation of multiple nanoporous carbons from a range of different suppliers showcases the generalizability of the findings. Annealing treatment further confirms that the capacitance enhancement is due to structural disorder. This discovery guides the design and synthesis of new efficient electrode materials, providing a new direction for the future development of supercapacitors.
Exploiting Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Material Rb2ScB3O6F2 Originated from Congruously Oriented [B3O6] Groups
Authors: Zhang Qianzhen , An Ran , Long Xifa , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie , Yang Yun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe exploration and research for deep‐ultraviolet (UV) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are of great significance for all‐solid‐state lasers. This work is based on the excellent structural [B3O6] units which manipulate the excellent performances of famous commercial NLO crystal β‐BaB2O4 (β‐BBO) to explore new alternatives of deep‐UV NLO materials. A deep‐UV rare‐earth metal borate fluoride Rb2ScB3O6F2 (RSBF) is successfully designed by combining the heterovalent ions substitution strategy, and fluorination strategy. Expectedly, RSBF exhibits an extremely short cutoff edge below 175 nm (189 nm for β‐BBO), and a moderate birefringence of 0.088 at 1064 nm. The shortest phase‐matching (PM) wavelength of RSBF (λPM=182 nm) is shortened by 23 nm compared with β‐BBO (λPM=205 nm) due to the improvements in the chromatic dispersion and cutoff edge, and an experimental frequency‐doubling effect 1.4×KH2PO4 (KDP) further suggests that RSBF can output a deep‐UV harmonic laser. This work provides new sights from the original influencing factors for the rational and purposeful design of deep‐UV NLO materials.
Weight Loss After Receiving Anti‐Obesity Medications and Gout Among Individuals With Overweight and Obese: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Wei Jie , Wang Yilun , Dalbeth Nicola , Xie Junqing , Wu Jing , Zeng Chao , Lei Guanghua , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveWeight loss is conditionally recommended for gout management; however, its impact on incident gout and recurrent gout flares among individuals who were overweight and obese remains unknown. We investigate the relationship between weight loss rate following treatment with anti‐obesity medications and the risk of incident gout and recurrent gout flares among individuals who were overweight or obese.MethodsUsing data from the Health Improvement Network, we selected individuals aged 18 and older who were overweight or obese and started anti‐obesity medication. We emulated a target trial to examine the association of different weight loss rates, slow (2%–5%), moderate (5%–10%), or fast (≥10%), within the first year of treatment with incident gout and recurrent gout flares during a 5 year follow‐up period.ResultsAmong 131,000 participants without gout being treated with orlistat, the 5‐year risk of incident gout was 1.6% for those with weight gain or stability, compared with 1.5%, 1.3%, and 1.2% for those with slow, moderate, and fast weight loss, respectively. Compared with the group with weight gain or stability, the hazard ratios were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–1.01), 0.82 (95% CI 0.72–0.92), and 0.73 (95% CI 0.62–0.86) for those with a slow, moderate, and fast rate of weight loss, respectively. Similar results were observed for the recurrent gout flares among 3,847 individuals with overweight or obese with gout treated with orlistat.ConclusionA higher rate of weight loss after receiving treatment with orlistat within 1 year was associated with lower risks of incident gout and lower rates of recurrent gout flares among overweight or obese people.image
Efficacy of virtual reality and augmented reality in anatomy education: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Salimi Sajjad , Asgari Zahra , Mohammadnejad Amirreza , Teimazi Ashkan , Bakhtiari Mitra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnatomy is the cornerstone of medical education. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies are becoming increasingly popular in the development of anatomy education. Various studies have evaluated VR and AR in anatomy education. This meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of VR and AR in anatomical education. The protocol was registered in Prospero. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. From the 4487 articles gathered, 24 randomized controlled trials were finally selected according to inclusion criteria. According to the results of the meta‐analysis, VR had a moderate and significant effect on the improvement of knowledge scores in comparison with other methods (standardized mean difference = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.95; p < 0.01). Due to the high degree of heterogeneity (I
2 = 87.44%), subgroup analyses and meta‐regression were performed on eight variables. In enhancing the “attitude,” VR was found to be more “useful” than other methods (p = 0.01); however, no significant difference was found for “enjoyable” and “easy to use” statements. Compared with other methods, the effect of AR on knowledge scores was non‐significant (SMD = −0.02; 95% CI = −0.39, 0.34; p = 0.90); also, in subgroup analyses and meta‐regression, the results were non‐significant. The results indicate that, unlike AR, VR could be used as an effective tool for teaching anatomy in medical education. Given the observed heterogeneity across the included studies, further research is warranted to identify those variables that may impact the efficacy of VR and AR in anatomy education.