bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for late Middle Pleistocene glaciation of the British margin of the southern North Sea
Authors: White Tom S. , Bridgland David R. , Westaway Rob , Straw Allan 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe timing and extent of late Middle Pleistocene glaciations in England and the southern North Sea are controversial topics. The recent Trent Valley Palaeolithic Project uncovered evidence for a post‐Anglian, pre‐Devensian glaciation that affected much of central and eastern England; the Wragby Till of Lincolnshire is associated with this glacial event, attributed here to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 8. Coeval glacigenic deposits in the Middle Trent suggest that both western and eastern lobes of MIS 8 ice reached the Derby area. These various deposits have been assigned previously to MIS 12, 10 or 6, although the last can be excluded for the Wragby Till, which is overlain by Trent terrace deposits assigned to MIS 7 (from biostratigraphy and amino acid dating). The disposition of these glacigenic deposits within the landscape, particularly in relation to terrace deposits of the ancestral River Trent, and the absence of MIS 11 and 9 deposits within the footprint of the glaciation also provide compelling evidence. At its maximum extent in eastern England the MIS 8 ice reached the Peterborough area; identifying its extension (or otherwise) into areas such as north‐west Norfolk and the West Midlands requires further work.
Synthesis and Characterization of Xylan Grafted with Polyethylene Glycol in Ionic Liquid and Their Use as Moisture‐Absorption/Retention Biomaterials
Authors: Zhang Xueqin , Wang Huihui , Wen Xiaoxiang , Zhang Aiping , Wang Xiaoying , Zhong Linxin , Liu Chuanfu , Sun Runcang 
Published: February 2016

The objective of this study is to broaden the application of xylan as moisture‐absorption/retention biomaterials by grafting polyethylene glycol (PEG) on xylan backbone. Ionic liquid 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl) and 4,4‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate are used as reaction media and coupling reagent, respectively. FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, and gel permeation chromatography analyses indicate the successful occurrence of the grafting reaction. Thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry indicates that the thermal stability of xylan increases after the grafting of the PEG side chains. With an increase of the degree of substitution of xylan‐g‐PEG, the molecular weight (Mw) of PEG side chains (1000 and 5000 g mol−1), and the relative humidity of environment, the moisture‐absorption/retention ratio of xylan‐g‐PEG increases. To evaluate the biodegradability/biocompatibility of this promising material, the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand of xylan‐g‐PEG and the cytotoxicity are tested on the samples. The results indicate that PEG‐modified xylan has great potential as moisture‐absorption/retention biomaterials.
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Transverse relaxation of selectively excited metabolites in stroke at 21.1 T
Authors: Rosenberg Jens T. , Shemesh Noam , Muniz Jose A. , Dumez Jean‐Nicolas , Frydman Lucio , Grant Samuel C. 
Published: February 2016

PurposeThis study seeks to evaluate in vivo T2 relaxation times of selectively excited stroke‐relevant metabolites via 1H relaxation‐enhanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy (RE‐MRS) at 21.1 T (900 MHz).MethodsA quadrature surface coil was designed and optimized for investigations of rodents at 21.1 T. With voxel localization, a RE‐MRS pulse sequence incorporating the excitation of selected metabolites was modified to include a variable echo delay for T2 measurements. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal model for stroke was examined with spectra taken 24 h post occlusion. Fourteen echo times were acquired, with each measurement completed in less than 2 min.ResultsThe RE‐MRS approach produced high‐quality spectra of the selectively excited metabolites in the stroked and contralateral regions. T2 measurements reveal differential results between these regions, with significance achieved for lactic acid.ConclusionUsing the RE‐MRS technique at ultra‐high magnetic field and an optimized quadrature surface coil design, full metabolic T2 quantifications in a localized voxel is now possible in less than 27 min. Magn Reson Med 77:520–528, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Investigating hyperoxic effects in the rat brain using quantitative susceptibility mapping based on MRI phase
Authors: Hsieh Meng‐Chi , Kuo Li‐Wei , Huang Yun‐An , Chen Jyh‐Horng 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo test whether susceptibility imaging can detect microvenous oxygen saturation changes, induced by hyperoxia, in the rat brain.MethodsA three‐dimensional gradient‐echo with a flow compensation sequence was used to acquire
‐weighted images of rat brains during hyperoxia and normoxia. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and QSM‐based microvenous oxygenation venography were computed from gradient‐echo (GRE) phase images and compared between the two conditions. Pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the cortex was examined and compared with venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) estimated by QSM. Oxygen saturation change calculated by a conventional Δ
map was also compared with the ΔSvO2 estimated by QSM.ResultsSusceptibilities of five venous and tissue regions were quantified separately by QSM. Venous susceptibility was reduced by nearly 10%, with an SvO2 shift of 10% during hyperoxia. A hyperoxic effect, confirmed by SpO2 measurement, resulted in an SvO2 increase in the cortex. The ΔSvO2 between hyperoxia and normoxia was consistent with what was estimated by the Δ
map in five regions.ConclusionThese findings suggest that a quantitative susceptibility map is a promising technique for SvO2 measurement. This method may be useful for quantitatively investigating oxygenation‐dependent functional MRI studies. Magn Reson Med 77:592–602, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Impact of Mandatory HIV Screening in the Emergency Department: A Queuing Study
Authors: Liu Nan , Stone Patricia W. , Schnall Rebecca 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo improve HIV screening rates, New York State in 2010 mandated that all persons 13–64 years receiving health care services, including care in emergency departments (EDs), be offered HIV testing. Little attention has been paid to the effect of screening on patient flow. Time‐stamped ED visit data from patients eligible for HIV screening, 7,844 of whom were seen by providers and 767 who left before being seen by providers, were retrieved from electronic health records in one adult ED. During day shifts, 10% of patients left without being seen, and during evening shifts, 5% left without being seen. All patients seen by providers were offered testing, and 6% were tested for HIV. Queuing models were developed to evaluate the effect of HIV screening on ED length of stay, patient waiting time, and rate of leaving without being seen. Base case analysis was conducted using actual testing rates, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of increasing the testing rate. Length of ED stay of patients who received HIV tests was 24 minutes longer on day shifts and 104 minutes longer on evening shifts than for patients not tested for HIV. Increases in HIV testing rate were estimated to increase waiting time for all patients, including those who left without being seen. Our simulation suggested that incorporating HIV testing into ED patient visits not only adds to practitioner workload but also increases patient waiting time significantly during busy shifts, which may increase the rate of leaving without being seen. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association between a school‐based intervention and adiposity outcomes in adolescents: The Italian “EAT” project
Authors: Ermetici Federica , Zelaschi Roberta F. , Briganti Silvia , Dozio Elena , Gaeta Maddalena , Ambrogi Federico , Pelissero Gabriele , Tettamanti Guido , Marco Corsi Romanelli Massimiliano , Carruba Michele , Morricone Lelio , Malavazos Alexis E. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether a school‐based multicomponent educational program could improve adiposity measures in middle‐school adolescents.MethodsA non‐randomized controlled pilot study was conducted in six state middle schools (487 adolescents, 11‐15 years) in townships in an urban area around Milan, three schools (n = 262 adolescents) being assigned to the intervention group and three schools (n = 225 adolescents) to the control group. The two‐school‐year intervention included changes in the school environment (alternative healthy vending machines, educational posters) and individual reinforcement tools (school lessons, textbook, text messages, pedometers, re‐usable water bottles). The main outcome measure was change in BMI z‐score. The secondary outcomes were changes in waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) and behavioral habits.ResultsThe intervention was associated with a significant difference in BMI z‐score (−0.18 ± 0.03, P<0.01) and in WHtR (−0.04 ± 0.002, P < 0.001), after controlling for baseline covariates. Subgroup analysis showed the maximum association between the intervention and the difference in BMI z‐score for girls with overweight/obesity. Physical activity increased and consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages and high‐energy snacks decreased in adolescents after the intervention.ConclusionsA school‐based multicomponent intervention conducted at both environmental and individual levels may be effective for reducing adiposity measures mainly in adolescents with overweight/obesity.
Obesity‐driven alterations in adipose‐derived stem cells are partially restored by weight loss
Authors: Pérez Laura M. , Suárez Javier , Bernal Aurora , de Lucas Beatriz , San Martin Nuria , Gálvez Beatriz G. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThe therapeutic potential of adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) is reduced by various stress‐inducing conditions that affect tissue homeostasis such as diabetes, aging, and obesity. Previous works have provided evidence of negative effects of obesity on ASC populations, but it is unclear whether this persists after a weight loss. This study evaluated whether weight loss can restore the attenuated properties found in ASCs derived from populations with obesity (oASCs).MethodsIn vitro functional analyses were performed to investigate the possible recovery properties in mouse oASCs. Using ASCs isolated from subcutaneous tissue from formerly obese mice (dASCs) and control mice (cASCs), cell proliferation, viability, and some regenerative properties in these cells were analyzed compared with oASCs to evaluate the functional cell state.ResultsCell proliferation, viability, and some regenerative properties are strengthened in dASCs and cASCs compared with oASCs. Nevertheless, metabolic analysis reveals a mitochondrial load misbalance and function leading to impaired respiration in dASCs.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that an initial obese environment triggers a detrimental state in ASCs that is not completely recovered after weight loss.
Use of social networking sites and perception and intentions regarding body weight among adolescents
Authors: Sampasa‐Kanyinga H. , Chaput J.‐P. , Hamilton H. A. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObjectiveSocial networking sites (SNSs) not only offer users an opportunity to link with others but also allow individuals to compare themselves with other users. However, the link between the use of SNSs and the dissatisfaction with body weight is largely unknown. We investigated the associations between the use of SNSs and the perception of body weight and related behaviours among adolescent men and women.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 4,468 (48.5% women) 11–19‐year‐old Canadian students in grades 7 to 12 who participated in the 2013 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey.ResultsOverall, 54.6% of students reported using SNSs for 2 h or less per day, 28.0% reported using them for more than 2 h d−1 and 17.4% reported infrequent or no use of SNSs (reference category). After adjustment for covariates, results showed that adolescent women who use SNSs for more than 2 h d−1 had greater odds of dissatisfaction with body weight (odds ratio = 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30–3.16). More specifically, they were more likely to perceive themselves as overweight (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.34−3.60) compared with those who reported infrequent or no use of SNSs. Conversely, men who use SNSs for 2 h or less per day presented a lower risk for perceiving themselves as overweight (RRR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47−0.98) but not those who use SNSs for more than 2 h d−1. Women who use SNSs for more than 2 h d−1 reported a greater likelihood of trying to lose weight (RRR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.62−3.90).ConclusionsOur results showed that heavy use of SNSs is associated with dissatisfaction with body weight in adolescent women.
Mutually exclusive BCOR internal tandem duplications and YWHAE‐NUTM2 fusions in clear cell sarcoma of kidney: not the full story
Authors: Kenny Colin , Bausenwein Sabrina , Lazaro Antonio , Furtwängler Rhoikos , Gooskens Saskia LM , van den Heuvel Eibrink Marry , Vokuhl Christian , Leuschner Ivo , Graf Norbert , Gessler Manfred , O'Sullivan Maureen J 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInternal tandem duplication within the BCOR gene sequence that encodes the PUFD domain, important in the formation of the non‐canonical or variant polycomb repressor complex 1 (v‐PRC1), was very recently described in 100% of 20 clear cell sarcomas of kidney (CCSKs). None of those 20 cases bore the YWHAE–NUTM2 transcript, previously described by us in CCSK, and which constitutes the only other recurrent genetic aberration observed in CCSK, prompting consideration that these mutations might be mutually exclusive in CCSK. We analysed a cohort of 159 CCSKs and can now not only confirm that there is indeed mutual exclusivity of these BCOR and YWHAE mutations, but also show that a substantial proportion (in this series 11.8%) of CCSKs bear neither mutation when tested by these assays, raising the possibility of distinct aetiologies for subsets of CCSK. Clinical differences observed between the subsets support this notion. As CCSK may show poor chemo‐responsiveness, and current treatment protocols mandate the use of doxorubicin with its associated side‐effects, advances in understanding the disease biology with a view to more targeted and personalized treatment is a pressing need. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Stewardship Interventions on Antiretroviral Medication Errors in an Urban Medical Center: A 3‐Year, Multiphase Study
Authors: Zucker Jason , Mittal Jaimie , Jen Shin‐Pung , Cheng Lucy , Cennimo David 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundThere is a high prevalence of HIV infection in Newark, New Jersey, with University Hospital admitting approximately 600 HIV‐infected patients per year. Medication errors involving antiretroviral therapy (ART) could significantly affect treatment outcomes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various stewardship interventions in reducing the prevalence of prescribing errors involving ART.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of all inpatients receiving ART for HIV treatment during three distinct 6‐month intervals over a 3‐year period. During the first year, the baseline prevalence of medication errors was determined. During the second year, physician and pharmacist education was provided, and a computerized order entry system with drug information resources and prescribing recommendations was implemented. Prospective audit of ART orders with feedback was conducted in the third year. Analyses and comparisons were made across the three phases of this study.ResultsOf the 334 patients with HIV admitted in the first year, 45% had at least one antiretroviral medication error and 38% had uncorrected errors at the time of discharge. After education and computerized order entry, significant reductions in medication error rates were observed compared to baseline rates; 36% of 315 admissions had at least one error and 31% had uncorrected errors at discharge. While the prevalence of antiretroviral errors in year 3 was similar to that of year 2 (37% of 276 admissions), there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of uncorrected errors at discharge (12%) with the use of prospective review and intervention.ConclusionsInterventions, such as education and guideline development, can aid in reducing ART medication errors, but a committed stewardship program is necessary to elicit the greatest impact.
Reactive Energetic Plasticizers for Energetic Polyurethane Binders Prepared via Simultaneous Huisgen Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition and Polyurethane Reaction
Authors: Ma Mingyang , Shen Yechen , Kwon Younghwan , Chung Chanhong , Kim Jin Seuk 
Published: February 2016

AbstractReactive energetic plasticizers (REPs) for use in glycidyl azido polymer (GAP) based polyurethane (PU) energetic binders were investigated. These REPs consisted of an activated terminal alkyne group that was expected to give rise to Huisgen azide‐alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition within the specific pot life for a PU formulation to prevent the migration of plasticizers, and with a gem‐dinitro group as an energy resource. A quantitative miscibility investigation between the plasticizers and uncured GAP showed that REPs exhibited better miscibility than conventional energetic plasticizers. The plasticization effect of the REPs on the GAP prepolymer with respect to the reduction of the viscosity illustrated REPs can effectively reduce the viscosity of the GAP prepolymer from 6,015 cP to 150–240 cP at the processing temperature when 50 wt‐% of REP was added. A comparison of the click reactivity and activation energies (Ea) of REPs and GAP prepolymer elucidated that the reactivity of azide‐alkyne cycloaddition depended on the dipolarophilicity of REPs which could be controlled by adjusting the length of methylene spacer between electron‐withdrawing groups (EWG) and neighboring alkynes in REPs. Thermogravimetric analysis manifested REP/GAP‐based PU binders maintained the thermal stability of the control GAP‐based PU binder. The mechanical properties and impact insensitivity of the GAP‐based PU binders were also improved by the incorporation of REPs.
Laser patterning of amorphous silicon thin films deposited on flexible and rigid substrates
Authors: Alpuim P. , Cerqueira M. F. , Iglesias V. , Machado G. , Borme J. 
Published: February 2016

The possibility of direct writing thin semiconductive channels and structures on insulating substrates in a clean room‐free process is attractive for its simplicity, cost effectiveness, and possibility of a wide choice of substrates. A broad range of applications, such as large‐area electronic devices (touch screens, flexible displays), sensors, or optical wave guides could benefit from such a process. In this work, we directly write on doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H), with thickness in the range 10 nm–1 μm, using a Nd‐YAG laser operating at 532 nm that is part of a Witec Raman confocal system. The contrast in conductivity between the exposed and unexposed areas is so high that the a‐Si:H matrix needs not to be removed after exposure. B‐ and P‐doped films were deposited on plastic, glass, and oxidized silicon wafers. The laser power threshold for crystallization was studied. The highest conductivity (886 Ω−1 cm−1) was obtained on wafer. On hard substrates, it is possible to tune the mesoscopic electrical conductivity in a very broad range of values (∼10−4–103) by design of the pattern to be transferred. Patterned films are piezoresistive with gauge factors as high as +18 and −29 for p‐ and n‐type patterns, respectively.SEM image of laser written lines on a 10 nm thick a‐Si:H film deposited on a Si/SiO2 substrate. Four regions are clearly distinguishable: the metal contact on the top area; the laser eroded area (lines); the crystallized areas adjacent to lines; the amorphous region at the bottom right.
A Study of the Amputee Experience of Viewing Self in the Mirror
Authors: Freysteinson Wyona , Thomas Lisa , Sebastian-Deutsch Amy , Douglas Denika , Melton Danielle , Celia Tania , Reeves Kristin , Bowyer Patricia 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the trajectory of viewing self in a mirror after an ampu-tation and participants’ perceptions of what health care professionals should know about mirrors.

Design
Hermeneutic phenomenology

Methods
Focus groups were conducted to collect the research data.

Findings
The mirror experience had three key moments: decision, seeing, and consent. The trajectory of viewing self in a mirror had four key themes: mirror shock, mirror anguish, recognizing self, and acceptance: a new normal. Participants’ recommendations for introducing the mirror after an amputation and using a mirror to avoid skin breakdown and infection, and correct gait and balance are described.

Conclusions
This study provides a unique viewpoint into the world of those who have suffered amputation of a limb.

Clinical Relevance
Rehabilitation nurses and other health care professionals are encouraged through these participants to consider the effect and value of mirrors when caring for those who have had an amputation.
Curtain wall façade system under lateral actions with regard to limit states
Authors: Gorenc Barbara , Beg † Darko 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDuring high wind or earthquake action, high‐rise multi‐storey buildings respond with relatively large storey drifts. The building envelope, in this case a curtain wall, exposed to this in‐plane shear resists the action with its drift capacity. This paper describes tests on two different configurations of a newly developed unitized curtain wall, “Qbiss Air” (QAir), using three different cyclic protocols. The protocols were derived on the basis of the serviceability limit state for regions with moderate to high wind and seismicity. The details and configuration influence the response of the system significantly, so the design of the structure can provide accurate information for the design of such systems.
Lateral‐torsional buckling behaviour of I‐section beam‐columns with one‐sided rotation and warping restraint
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Taras Andreas , Feher Zoltan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn many practical applications, columns are often fixed to a practically rigid concrete structure at the column base. This additional restraint should increase the real load‐carrying capacity if the section is susceptible to lateral‐torsional buckling. However, this effect is rarely taken into account in design, as most current design rules do not provide sufficient guidance on how to account for this additional rigidity, and so the column base fixity is often ignored. The background to the verification formulae for lateral‐torsional buckling (LTB) of I‐section beam‐columns in Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐1 consists of comprehensive parametric numerical studies for members with “end fork” conditions only, i.e. for members with free rotational and warping deformations at both ends. However, these specific boundary conditions are not clearly mentioned in the code.In the study presented in this paper, a comprehensive series of numerical FEM analyses for the realistic lateral‐torsional buckling behaviour of beam‐columns with one‐sided rotation and warping restraints was carried out and compared with the results based on the LTB resistance of the Eurocode, calculated with increased idealized buckling loads (Ncr, Mcr) that account for the end restraints. The most important results of this study are presented in this paper and the ultimate capacity is compared for two different beam‐column design methods in Eurocode 3: the interaction concept (EN 1993‐1‐1, 6.3.3) and the general method (EN 1993‐1‐1, 6.3.4).In addition, a simplified formula is given for the additional bi‐moment at the end restraint, which is to be used for designing the welded joint. Finally, an improved LTB design curve (buckling reduction factor χLT) is presented, developed at the authors' institution, which may be used for the cases studied.