bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of BDS/GPS kinematic vehicle positioning in various observation conditions
Authors: Li Xin , Guo Jiming , Zhou Lv 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
Global positioning system (GPS) kinematic positioning suffers from performance degradation in constrained environments such as urban canyons, which then restricts the application of high-precision vehicle positioning and navigation within the city. In December 2012, the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) regional service was announced, and the combined BDS/GPS kinematic positioning has been enabled in the Asia-Pacific area. Previous studies have mainly focused on the performance evaluations of combined BDS/GPS static positioning. Not much work has been performed for kinematic vehicle positioning under constrained observation conditions. This study aims to analyze the performance of BDS/GPS kinematic vehicle positioning in various conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, three vehicle experiments under three observation conditions, an open suburban area, a less dense non-central urban area and a dense central urban area, are investigated using both the code-based differential global navigation satellite system (DGNSS) and phase-based real-time kinematic (RTK) modes. The comparison between combined BDS/GPS and GPS-only vehicle positioning solutions is conducted in terms of positioning availability and positioning precision.

Findings
Numerical results show that the combined BDS/GPS system significantly outperforms the GPS-only system under poor observation conditions, whereas the improvement was less significant under good observation conditions.

Originality/value
Thus, this paper studies the performance of combined BDS/GPS kinematic relative positioning under various observation conditions.
Redaction of Substance Abuse Claims in Medicare Research Files Affects Spending Outcomes for Nearly One in Five Beneficiaries with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Roberto Pamela , Brandt Nicole , Onukwugha Eberechukwu , Stuart Bruce 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of substance abuse claims redaction on Medicare spending estimates for beneficiaries with serious mental illness.Data SourcesThe 2012 claims and unredacted beneficiary‐level Medicare spending totals from CMS's Chronic Conditions Warehouse.Study DesignWe identified beneficiaries with claims affected by the redaction by comparing claims‐based spending estimates to unredacted spending totals. Differences in characteristics of beneficiaries with and without redacted claims were examined in bivariate analyses.Principal FindingsClaims‐based spending totals differed from unredacted totals for 19.7 percent of the cohort. Part A spending for those with redacted claims was underreported by 57.0 percent. Characteristics of beneficiaries with and without redacted claims differed significantly.ConclusionsResearchers who rely on Medicare claims to analyze spending outcomes for beneficiaries with serious mental illness should be aware of the potential for bias due to nonrandom redaction of substance abuse data.
Association between Nurse Staffing and In‐Hospital Bone Fractures: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Morita Kojiro , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo determine if sufficient nurse staffing reduced in‐hospital fractures in acute care hospitals.Data Sources/Study SettingThe Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient (DPC) database from July 2010 to March 2014 linked with the Surveys for Medical Institutions.Study DesignWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine the association of inpatient nurse‐to‐occupied bed ratio (NBR) with in‐hospital fractures. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was performed, adjusting for patient characteristics and hospital characteristics.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe identified 770,373 patients aged 50 years or older who underwent planned major surgery for some forms of cancer or cardiovascular diseases. We used ICD‐10 codes and postoperative procedure codes to identify patients with in‐hospital fractures. Hospital characteristics were obtained from the “Survey of Medical Institutions and Hospital Report” and “Annual Report for Functions of Medical Institutions.”Principal FindingsOverall, 662 (0.09 percent) in‐hospital fractures were identified. Logistic regression analysis showed that the proportion of in‐hospital fractures in the group with the highest NBR was significantly lower than that in the group with the lowest NBR (adjusted odd ratios, 0.67; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.44–0.99; p = .048).ConclusionsSufficient nurse staffing may be important to reduce postsurgical in‐hospital fractures in acute care hospitals.
Impact of State Reporting Laws on Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection Rates in U.S. Adult Intensive Care Units
Authors: Liu Hangsheng , Herzig Carolyn T. A. , Dick Andrew W. , Furuya E. Yoko , Larson Elaine , Reagan Julie , Pogorzelska‐Maziarz Monika , Stone Patricia W. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of mandated state health care–associated infection (HAI) reporting laws on central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in adult intensive care units (ICUs).Data SourcesWe analyzed 2006–2012 adult ICU CLABSI and hospital annual survey data from the National Healthcare Safety Network. The final analytic sample included 244 hospitals, 947 hospital years, 475 ICUs, 1,902 ICU years, and 16,996 ICU months.Study DesignWe used a quasi‐experimental study design to identify the effect of state mandatory reporting laws. Several secondary models were conducted to explore potential explanations for the plausible effects of HAI laws.Principal FindingsControlling for the overall time trend, ICUs in states with laws had lower CLABSI rates beginning approximately 6 months prior to the law's effective date (incidence rate ratio = 0.66; p < .001); this effect persisted for more than 6 1/2 years after the law's effective date. These findings were robust in secondary models and are likely to be attributed to changes in central line usage and/or resources dedicated to infection control.ConclusionsOur results provide valuable evidence that state reporting requirements for HAIs improved care. Additional studies are needed to further explore why and how mandatory HAI reporting laws decreased CLABSI rates.
What Works in Crime Prevention?
Authors: Fagan Abigail A. , Buchanan Molly 
Published: July 2016

Research SummaryThis article compares the criteria and methods applied by three registries designed to identify what works in crime and delinquency prevention. We discuss and demonstrate how variation in the methodological rigor of these processes affects the number of interventions identified as “evidence based” and provide recommendations for future list‐making to help increase the dissemination of effective crime prevention programs and practices.Policy ImplicationsAs support for evidence‐based crime prevention grows, so too will reliance on what works registries. We contend that these lists must employ scientifically rigorous review criteria and systematic review processes to protect public resources and ensure interventions recommended for dissemination do not risk harming participants. Lists must also be constructed and findings communicated in ways that are responsive to community needs. Ensuring this balance will help increase public confidence in scientific methods and ensure greater diffusion of evidence‐based interventions.
Monitoring and managing microbes in aquaculture – Towards a sustainable industry
Authors: Bentzon‐Tilia Mikkel , Sonnenschein Eva C. , Gram Lone 
Published: July 2016

SummaryMicroorganisms are of great importance to aquaculture where they occur naturally, and can be added artificially, fulfilling different roles. They recycle nutrients, degrade organic matter and, occasionally, they infect and kill the fish, their larvae or the live feed. Also, some microorganisms may protect fish and larvae against disease. Hence, monitoring and manipulating the microbial communities in aquaculture environments hold great potential; both in terms of assessing and improving water quality, but also in terms of controlling the development of microbial infections. Using microbial communities to monitor water quality and to efficiently carry out ecosystem services within the aquaculture systems may only be a few years away. Initially, however, we need to thoroughly understand the microbiomes of both healthy and diseased aquaculture systems, and we need to determine how to successfully manipulate and engineer these microbiomes. Similarly, we can reduce the need to apply antibiotics in aquaculture through manipulation of the microbiome, i.e. by the use of probiotic bacteria. Recent studies have demonstrated that fish pathogenic bacteria in live feed can be controlled by probiotics and that mortality of infected fish larvae can be reduced significantly by probiotic bacteria. However, the successful management of the aquaculture microbiota is currently hampered by our lack of knowledge of relevant microbial interactions and the overall ecology of these systems.
Capturing Darwin's dream
Authors: Glenn Travis C. , Faircloth Brant C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEvolutionary biologists from Darwin forward have dreamed of having data that would elucidate our understanding of evolutionary history and the diversity of life. Sequence capture is a relatively old DNA technology, but its use is growing rapidly due to advances in (i) massively parallel DNA sequencing approaches and instruments, (ii) massively parallel bait construction, (iii) methods to identify target regions and (iv) sample preparation. We give a little historical context to these developments, summarize some of the important advances reported in this special issue and point to further advances that can be made to help fulfill Darwin's dream.
discomark: nuclear marker discovery from orthologous sequences using draft genome data
Authors: Rutschmann Sereina , Detering Harald , Simon Sabrina , Fredslund Jakob , Monaghan Michael T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing has laid the foundation for fast and cost‐effective development of phylogenetic markers. Here we present the program discomark, which streamlines the development of nuclear DNA (nDNA) markers from whole‐genome (or whole‐transcriptome) sequencing data, combining local alignment, alignment trimming, reference mapping and primer design based on multiple sequence alignments to design primer pairs from input orthologous sequences. To demonstrate the suitability of discomark, we designed markers for two groups of species, one consisting of closely related species and one group of distantly related species. For the closely related members of the species complex of Cloeon dipterum s.l. (Insecta, Ephemeroptera), the program discovered a total of 78 markers. Among these, we selected eight markers for amplification and Sanger sequencing. The exon sequence alignments (2526 base pairs) were used to reconstruct a well‐supported phylogeny and to infer clearly structured haplotype networks. For the distantly related species, we designed primers for the insect order Ephemeroptera, using available genomic data from four sequenced species. We developed primer pairs for 23 markers that are designed to amplify across several families. The discomark program will enhance the development of new nDNA markers by providing a streamlined, automated approach to perform genome‐scale scans for phylogenetic markers. The program is written in Python, released under a public licence (GNU GPL version 2), and together with a manual and example data set available at: https://github.com/hdetering/discomark.
Pro‐inflammatory cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Assari Raheleh , Aghighi Yahya , Ziaee Vahid , Sadr Maryam , Rahmani Farzaneh , Rezaei Arezou , Sadr Zeinab , Moradinejad Mohammad Hassan , Raeeskarami Seyed Reza , Rezaei Nima 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimKawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of children associated with cardiovascular sequelae. Proinflammatory cytokines play a major role in KD pathogenesis. However, their role is both influenced and modified by regulatory T‐cells. IL‐1 gene cluster, IL‐6 and TNF‐α polymorphisms have shown significant associations with some vasculitides. Herein we investigated their role in KD.MethodsFifty‐five patients with KD who were randomly selected from referrals to the main pediatric hospital were enrolled in this case‐control study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the following genes were assessed in patients and 140 healthy subjects as control group: IL‐1α at −889 (rs1800587), IL‐1β at −511 (rs16944), IL‐1β at +3962 (rs1143634), IL‐1R at Pst‐I 1970 (rs2234650), IL‐1RN/A at Mspa‐I 11100 (rs315952), TNF‐α at −308 (rs1800629), TNF‐α at ‐238, IL‐6 at −174 (rs1800795) and IL‐6 at +565.ResultsTwenty‐one percent of the control group had A allele at TNF‐α −238 while only 8% of KD patients had A allele at this position (P = 0.003, OR [95%CI] = 0.32 [0.14–0.71]). Consistently, TNF‐α genotype GG at −238 had significant association with KD (OR [95% CI] = 4.31 [1.79–10.73]). Most controls carried the CG genotype at IL‐6 −174 (n = 93 [66.9%]) while GG genotype was the most common genotype (n = 27 [49%]) among patients. Carriers of the GG haplotype at TNF‐α (−308, −238) were significantly more prevalent among the KD group. No association was found between IL‐1 gene cluster, allelic or haplotypic variants and KD.ConclusionTNF‐α GG genotype at −238 and GG haplotype at positions −308 and −238 were associated with KD in an Iranian population.
Determining the cost‐effectiveness of endoscopic surveillance for gastric cancer in patients with precancerous lesions
Authors: Wu Jin Tong , Zhou Jun , Naidoo Nasheen , Yang Wen Yu , Lin Xiao Cheng , Wang Pei , Ding Jin Qin , Wu Chen Bin , Zhou Hui Jun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimTo identify the optimal strategy for gastric cancer (GC) prevention by evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)‐based preventive strategies.MethodsWe conducted a model‐based cost‐effectiveness analysis. Adopting a healthcare payer's perspective, Markov models simulated the clinical experience of the target population (Singaporean Chinese 50–69 years old) undergoing endoscopic screening, endoscopic surveillance and usual care of do‐nothing. The screening strategy examined the cohort every alternate year whereas the surveillance strategy provided annual EGD only to people with precancerous lesions. For each strategy, discounted lifetime costs ($) and quality adjusted life years (QALY) were estimated and compared to generate incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify influential parameters and quantify the impact of model uncertainties.ResultsAnnual EGD surveillance with an ICER of $34 200/QALY was deemed cost‐effective for GC prevention within the Singapore healthcare system. To inform implementation, the models identified six influential factors and their respective thresholds, namely discount rate (<4.20%), age of starting surveillance (>51.6 years), proportion of program cost in delivering endoscopy (<65%), cost of follow‐up EGD (<$484), utility of stage 1 GC patients (>0.72) and odds ratio of GC for high‐risk subjects (>3.93). The likelihood that surveillance is the most cost‐effective strategy is 69.5% accounting for model uncertainties.ConclusionEndoscopic surveillance of gastric premalignancies can be a cost‐effective strategy for GC prevention. Its implementation requires careful assessment on factors influencing the actual cost‐effectiveness.
Enterocutaneous fistula: analysis of clinical outcomes from a single Victorian tertiary referral centre
Authors: Leang Yit J. , Bell Stephen W. , Carne Peter , Chin Martin , Farmer Chip , Skinner Steward , Wale Roger , Warrier Satish K. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundEnterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs) are complex and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to evaluate ECF outcomes in a single tertiary hospital.MethodsA retrospective study of all patients treated with ECF between the period of January 2009 and June 2014 was conducted. Baseline demographic data assessed included the primary aetiology of the fistula, site of the fistula and output of the fistula. Outcomes measures assessed included re‐fistulation rate, return to theatre, wound complications, fistula closure rate and death over the study period.ResultsA total of 16 patients with ECF were recorded within the study period. Mean age of the patient cohort was 55.8 ± 11.8 years with a female predominance (11 females, 5 males). Primary aetiology were Crohn's disease (31%), post intra‐abdominal surgery not related to bowel neoplasia (50%) and post intra‐abdominal surgery related to bowel neoplasia (19%). Majority of the fistulas developed from the small bowel (75%) and had low output (63%). Operative intervention was required in 81% of patients with an overall closure rate of 100%. Median operations required for successful closure was 1.15 operations. Mean duration between index operation and curative operation was 8 ± 12.7 months.ConclusionAppropriate bundle of care (perioperative care, surgical timing and surgical technique) can produce excellent results in patients with ECF.
Percutaneous trans‐abdominal external looped needle with two holes in the trocar sheath for port‐site closures in difficult obese cases
Authors: Lasheen Ahmed E , Salem Ayman , Abd Elaal Salah , Elsheweal Abd Elhafez , Osman Gamal , Alkilany Mohammed , Ibrahim Amr 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionPort closure is essential after successful laparoscopic surgery to prevent incisional hernia. However, good fascial closure still represents a problem, especially in obese patients and when the port wound is oblique. We report a novel technique for port‐site closures in such cases.MethodsThis study involved 67 obese patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery. We used a novel technique for port‐site closure that employed a looped needle passed through two holes in the port sheath.ResultsThe method was used in 67 patients (45 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, 22 laparoscopic hernia repairs), with a mean BMI of 35.7 kg/m2. No intraoperative incidents or port‐site hernias were reported during follow‐up (mean, 22 months).ConclusionOur procedure is safe, easy, and effective for fascial port site closures, especially in cases of difficult obese patients and oblique port wounds.
The devil in the corner: A mixed‐methods study of metaphor use by those with spinal cord injury‐specific neuropathic pain
Authors: Hearn Jasmine Heath , Finlay Katherine Anne , Fine Philip A. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesMetaphorical expressions of persistent pain play an influential role in the modulation of pain. This may be particularly distressing for those with physical disabilities such as spinal cord injury (SCI). Neuropathic pain (NP) after SCI is often described using metaphorical expressions such as burning and electricity. This study explored the use of metaphors by those with NP after SCI.DesignA qualitative, semi‐structured interview design was employed.MethodsData were analysed using content analysis (CA) and interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore prevalence of metaphor use and its meaning. Sixteen individuals aged between 23 and 82 years, with chronic NP (persisting for 3 months or longer), arising from SCI were interviewed in their homes or on hospital wards (M = 10, F = 6). Interviews lasted between 40 and 120 min.ResultsThe results capture a range of metaphorical expressions embedded in participants’ accounts. Three themes emerged: (1) pain as a personal attack, (2) the desire to be understood, and (3) conveying distress without adequate terminology. CA revealed that younger age, female gender, and outpatient status were associated with increased metaphor use.ConclusionsThis study highlights the power of metaphor in eliciting understanding of NP after SCI from others, whilst demonstrating the challenge of communicating NP. Cognitive treatment that incorporates image‐based techniques with acceptance and mindfulness‐based therapies may encourage adaptive responses to, and interpretation of, pain. This may subsequently reduce pain‐related distress and catastrophizing.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Neuropathic pain is often described with metaphorical language such as burning and crushing.

For those with physical limitations, metaphor use may induce or exacerbate psychological distress.

However, for those with spinal cord injuries, metaphor use has received little attention.

What does this study add?

Metaphor use is common in those with spinal cord injury, with differences across gender and age.

Core metaphors used conceptualized pain as an attacker or likened pain to heat and burning.

Such language may have benefits in terms of improved understanding and increased empathy, but may be reflective of catastrophic thinking.
Do more specific plans help you lose weight? Examining the relationship between plan specificity, weight loss goals, and plan content in the context of a weight management programme
Authors: Dombrowski Stephan U. , Endevelt Ronit , Steinberg David M. , Benyamini Yael 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesThe conditions under which planning for behaviour change is most effective are not fully understood. In the context of a weight management programme, we examined the interrelationship between plan specificity, type of behaviour planned (diet vs. exercise), and weight loss goals.DesignProspective design and content analysis of plans formed by participants of a 10‐week weight management programme.MethodsParticipants (n = 239) formulated two plans, for dietary and exercise behaviours, respectively. Plans were rated for specificity by examining the number of plan components. Weight loss goals were assessed by asking how much weight participants intend to lose. Weight was measured objectively each of the 10 weeks. Changes in body mass index (BMI) over time and the interactions between plan specificity and weight loss goals, for all plans and separately for diet and exercise, were estimated using linear mixed models.ResultsPlan specificity was unrelated to weight loss, but interacted with weight loss goals in predicting linear change in BMI (t = −2.48): More specific plans were associated with higher decreases in weight in participants with high weight loss goals. Separate interaction tests for plans formulated for diet and exercise change showed that more specific dietary plans, but not exercise plans, were associated with higher decreases in weight in participants with high weight loss goals (t = −2.21).ConclusionsWithin a population that is highly motivated to lose weight, the combination of high weight loss goals and formulating detailed plans for changing dietary behaviours may be most effective in supporting weight loss.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

More specific plans are associated with increased performance of health‐related behaviours.

More motivated individuals form more specific plans.

The interrelationship between plan specificity, plan content and behaviour‐related goals in relation intervention effectiveness has not been explored to date.

What does this study add?

The effectiveness of forming specific plans may depend on the strength of behaviour‐related goals as well as the behaviour selected for change.

More detailed plans, in particular dietary plans, were related to greater weight loss, but only for participants with higher initial weight loss goals.

Detailed exercise plans were not associated with weight loss, regardless of initial weight loss goals.