bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical distribution of buoyant Microcystis blooms in a Lagrangian particle tracking model for short‐term forecasts in Lake Erie
Authors: Rowe M. D. , Anderson E. J. , Wynne T. T. , Stumpf R. P. , Fanslow D. L. , Kijanka K. , Vanderploeg H. A. , Strickler J. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are a problem in western Lake Erie, and in eutrophic fresh waters worldwide. Western Lake Erie is a large (3000 km2), shallow (8 m mean depth), freshwater system. CHABs occur from July to October, when stratification is intermittent in response to wind and surface heating or cooling (polymictic). Existing forecast models give the present location and extent of CHABs from satellite imagery, then predict two‐dimensional (surface) CHAB movement in response to meteorology. In this study, we simulated vertical distribution of buoyant Microcystis colonies, and 3‐D advection, using a Lagrangian particle model forced by currents and turbulent diffusivity from the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). We estimated the frequency distribution of Microcystis colony buoyant velocity from measured size distributions and buoyant velocities. We evaluated several random‐walk numerical schemes to efficiently minimize particle accumulation artifacts. We selected the Milstein scheme, with linear interpolation of the diffusivity profile in place of cubic splines, and varied the time step at each particle and step based on the curvature of the local diffusivity profile to ensure that the Visser time step criterion was satisfied. Inclusion of vertical mixing with buoyancy significantly improved model skill statistics compared to an advection‐only model, and showed greater skill than a persistence forecast through simulation day 6, in a series of 26 hindcast simulations from 2011. The simulations and in situ observations show the importance of subtle thermal structure, typical of a polymictic lake, along with buoyancy in determining vertical and horizontal distribution of Microcystis.
Population variation of LIN28B in the Mediterranean: Novel markers for microgeographic discrimination
Authors: Álvarez‐Álvarez Miguel M. , Carreras‐Torres Robert , Zanetti Daniela , Vegas Esteban , Moral Pedro 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to determine whether the LIN28B gene is differentially distributed in the Mediterranean region through the analysis of the allele distribution of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely rs7759938, rs314277, and rs221639, in 24 populations. These SNPs have been recently related to the age at menarche, pubertal height growth, peripubertal body mass index, levels of prenatal testosterone exposure, and cancer survival.MethodsA total of 1,197 DNA samples were genotyped. The allele frequencies were used to determine the relationship between populations, with data from the 1000 Genomes Project being used for external comparisons. The genotype distributions and the population structure between populations and groups of populations were determined.ResultsThe population results indicate a significant degree of variation (FST = 0.043, P < 0.0001). Allele frequencies show significant differences among populations. A hierarchical variance analysis is consistent with a primary differentiation between populations on the North and South coasts of the Mediterranean. This difference is especially evident in the unexpected distribution of the SNP rs221639, which shows one of the highest FST (11.5%, P < 0.0001) values described in the Mediterranean region thus far.ConclusionThe population differentiation and the structuring of the genetic variance, in agreement with previous studies, indicate that the SNPs in question are good tools for the study of human populations, even at a microgeographic level. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:905–912, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An analysis of fatal and non‐fatal injuries and injury severity factors among electric power industry workers
Authors: Fordyce Tiffani A. , Leonhard Megan J. , Watson Heather N. , Mezei Gabor , Vergara Ximena P. , Krishen Lovely 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe electric power industry represents a unique subset of the U.S. workforce. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between occupational category, nature of injury, and injury severity among electric power industry workers.MethodsThe Occupational Health and Safety Database (1995–2013) was used to calculate injury rates, assess patterns of injury severity, and identify at‐risk occupations in this population.ResultsOver the surveillance period, a total of 63,193 injuries were reported. Overall, and severe injury rates were 3.20 and 0.52 per 100 employee‐years, respectively. The fatal injury rate was 3.29 per 100,000 employee‐years. Line workers experienced the highest risk for fatal injuries and second highest for non‐fatal severe injuries, following meter readers. The most severe non‐fatal injuries were hernia and rupture; multiple injuries; and CTD/RSI. Fatal injuries were most commonly associated with vehicle collisions and contact with electric current.ConclusionsIndustry specific surveillance and interventions tailored to high‐risk occupations are needed to further reduce severe injuries in this population. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:948–958, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maximum likelihood estimate of life expectancy in the prehistoric Jomon: Canine pulp volume reduction suggests a longer life expectancy than previously thought
Authors: Sasaki Tomohiko , Kondo Osamu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRecent theoretical progress potentially refutes past claims that paleodemographic estimations are flawed by statistical problems, including age mimicry and sample bias due to differential preservation. The life expectancy at age 15 of the Jomon period prehistoric populace in Japan was initially estimated to have been ∼16 years while a more recent analysis suggested 31.5 years. In this study, we provide alternative results based on a new methodology. The material comprises 234 mandibular canines from Jomon period skeletal remains and a reference sample of 363 mandibular canines of recent‐modern Japanese. Dental pulp reduction is used as the age‐indicator, which because of tooth durability is presumed to minimize the effect of differential preservation. Maximum likelihood estimation, which theoretically avoids age mimicry, was applied. Our methods also adjusted for the known pulp volume reduction rate among recent‐modern Japanese to provide a better fit for observations in the Jomon period sample. Without adjustment for the known rate in pulp volume reduction, estimates of Jomon life expectancy at age 15 were dubiously long. However, when the rate was adjusted, the estimate results in a value that falls within the range of modern hunter‐gatherers, with significantly better fit to the observations. The rate‐adjusted result of 32.2 years more likely represents the true life expectancy of the Jomon people at age 15, than the result without adjustment. Considering ∼7% rate of antemortem loss of the mandibular canine observed in our Jomon period sample, actual life expectancy at age 15 may have been as high as ∼35.3 years.
Encapsulating Palladium Nanoparticles Inside Mesoporous MFI Zeolite Nanocrystals for Shape‐Selective Catalysis
Authors: Cui Tian‐Lu , Ke Wen‐Yu , Zhang Wen‐Bei , Wang Hong‐Hui , Li Xin‐Hao , Chen Jie‐Sheng 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPd nanoparticles were successfully encapsulated inside mesoporous silicalite‐1 nanocrystals (Pd@mnc‐S1) by a one‐pot method. The as‐synthesized Pd@mnc‐S1 with excellent stability functioned as an active and reusable heterogeneous catalyst. The unique porosity and nanostructure of silicalite‐1 crystals endowed the Pd@mnc‐S1 material general shape‐selectivity for various catalytic reactions, including selective hydrogenation, oxidation, and carbon–carbon coupling reactions.
Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles with Size‐Independent Emission
Authors: Liu Jinbin , Duchesne Paul N. , Yu Mengxiao , Jiang Xingya , Ning Xuhui , Vinluan Rodrigo D. , Zhang Peng , Zheng Jie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSize‐independent emission has been widely observed for ultrasmall thiolated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) but our understanding of the photoluminescence mechanisms of noble metals on the nanoscale has remained limited. Herein, we report how the emission wavelength of a AuNP and the local binding geometry of a thiolate ligand (glutathione) on the AuNP are correlated, as these AuNPs emit at different wavelengths in spite of their identical size (ca. 2.5 nm). By using circular dichroism, X‐ray absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy, we found that a high Au−S coordination number (CN) and a high surface coverage resulted in strong AuI–ligand charge transfer, a chiral conformation, and 600 nm emission, whereas a low Au−S CN and a low surface coverage led to weak charge transfer, an achiral conformation, and 810 nm emission. These two size‐independent emissions can be integrated into one single 2.5 nm AuNP by fine‐tuning of the surface coverage; a ratiometric pH response was then observed owing to strong energy transfer between two emission centers, opening up new possibilities for the design of ultrasmall ratiometric pH nanoindicators.
Coordinatively Unsaturated Lanthanide(III) Helicates: Luminescence Sensors for Adenosine Monophosphate in Aqueous Media
Authors: Sahoo Jashobanta , Arunachalam Rajendran , Subramanian Palani S. , Suresh Eringathodi , Valkonen Arto , Rissanen Kari , Albrecht Markus 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCoordinatively unsaturated double‐stranded helicates [(H2L)2Eu2(NO3)2(H2O)4](NO3)4, [(H2L)2Tb2(H2O)6](NO3)6, and [(H2L)2Tb2(H2O)6]Cl6 (H2L=butanedioicacid‐1,4‐bis[2‐(2‐pyridinylmethylene)hydrazide]) are easily obtained by self‐assembly from the ligand and the corresponding lanthanide(III) salts. The complexes are characterized by X‐ray crystallography showing the helical arrangement of the ligands. Co‐ligands at the metal ions can be easily substituted by appropriate anions. A specific luminescence response of AMP in presence of ADP, ATP, and other anions is observed. Specificity is assigned to the perfect size match of AMP to bridge the two metal centers and to replace quenching co‐ligands in the coordination sphere.
A Mixed‐Ligand Approach for a Gigantic and Hollow Heterometallic Cage {Ni64RE96} for Gas Separation and Magnetic Cooling Applications
Authors: Chen Wei‐Peng , Liao Pei‐Qin , Yu Youzhu , Zheng Zhiping , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Zheng Yan‐Zhen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNanosized aggregations of metal ions shielded by organic ligands possessing both exquisite structural aesthetics and intriguing properties are fundamentally interesting. Three isostructural gigantic transition‐metal–rare‐earth heterometallic coordination cages are reported, abbreviated as {Ni64RE96} (RE=Gd, Dy, and Y) and obtained by a mixed‐ligand approach, each possessing a cuboidal framework made of 160 metal ions and a nanosized spherical cavity in the center. Along with the structural novelty, these hollow cages show highly selective adsorptions for CO2 over CH4 or N2 at ambient temperatures. Moreover, the gadolinium analogue exhibits large magnetocaloric effect at ultralow temperatures.
Slightly crosslinked polyurethane with Diels–Alder adducts from trimethylolpropane
Authors: Du Pengfei , Jia Haiyan , Chen Qinghua , Zheng Zhen , Wang Xinling , Chen Denglong 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTDiels–Alder (DA) reactions between furan and maleimide have been widely applied in thermally remendable polymeric materials. Crosslinked polyurethane with DA adducts exhibited much better mechanical properties than linear polyurethane with DA adducts. However, the highly crosslinked polyurethane needs a higher temperature and a longer healing time. This will increase the possibility of side reactions proceeding during the healing procedure. In this paper, slightly crosslinked polyurethane with DA adducts was synthesized by incorporating trimethylolpropane into linear polyurethane with DA adducts. The structure of the intermediate and final products was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry, confirming that the synthesizing process proceeded successfully. The images from the polarizing optical microscope demonstrated that the final product with slight crosslinking needed less time and a lower healing temperature to complete the healing procedure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43971.
A Chiral Hemiporphyrazine Derivative: Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Wu Yanping , Gai Lizhi , Xiao Xuqiong , Lu Hua , Li Zhifang , Mack John , Harris Jessica , Nyokong Tebello , Shen Zhen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of an optically active hemiporphyrazine with chiral binaphthyl substituents (1) is reported, providing the first example of the incorporation of an intrinsically chiral moiety into the macrocyclic core of a hemiporphyrazine analogue. A negative circular dichroism (CD) signal is observed in the 325–450 nm region of the CD spectrum of (S,S)‐1, while mainly positive bands are observed in the 220–325 nm region. Mirror symmetry is observed across the entire wavelength range of the CD spectra of (R,R)‐1and (S,S)‐1. An irreversible one‐electron oxidation wave with an onset potential at 1.07 V is observed by cyclic voltammetry, along with a reversible one‐electron reduction wave at −0.85 V. Density functional calculations reproduce the experimentally observed data and trends, and provide further insight into the nature of the electronic transitions.
Surface‐Bound Cucurbit[8]uril Catenanes on Magnetic Nanoparticles Exhibiting Molecular Recognition
Authors: Ren Xiaohe , Wu Yuchao , Clarke David E. , Liu Ji , Wu Guanglu , Scherman Oren A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe demonstrate the preparation of surface‐bound cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) catenanes on silica nanoparticles (NPs), where CB[8] was employed as a tethered supramolecular “handcuff” to selectively capture target guest molecules. In this catenane, CB[8] was threaded onto a methyl viologen (MV2+) axle and immobilized onto silica NPs. The formation of CB[8] catenanes on NPs were confirmed by UV/Vis titration experiments and lithographic characterization, demonstrating a high density of CB[8] on the silica NPs surface, 0.56 nm−2. This CB[8] catenane system exhibits specific molecular recognition towards certain aromatic molecules such as perylene bis(diimide), naphthol and aromatic amino acids, and thus it can act as a nanoscale molecular receptor for target guests. Furthermore, we also demonstrate its use as an efficient and recyclable nano‐platform for peptide separation. By embedding magnetic NPs inside silica NPs, separation could be achieved by simply applying an external magnetic field. Moreover, the peptides captured by the catenanes could be released by reversible single‐electron reduction of MV2+. The entire process demonstrated high recoverability.
Follow‐up spectroscopic observations of HD 107148 B: A new white dwarf companion of an exoplanet host star
Authors: Mugrauer M. , Dinçel B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report on our follow‐up spectroscopy of HD 1071478 B, a recently detected faint co‐moving companion of the exoplanet host star HD 107148 A. The companion is separated from its primary star by about 35″ (or 1790 AU of projected separation) and its optical and near infrared photometry is consistent with a white dwarf, located at the distance of HD 107148 A. In order to confirm the white dwarf nature of the co‐moving companion, we obtained follow‐up spectroscopic observations of HD 107148 B with CAFOS at the CAHA 2.2 m telescope. According to our CAFOS spectroscopy HD 107148 B is a DA white dwarf with an effective temperature in the range between 5900 and 6400K. The properties of HD 107148 B can further be constrained with the derived effective temperature and the known visual and infrared photometry of the companion, using evolutionary models of DA white dwarfs. We obtain for HD 107148 B a mass of 0.56 ± 0.05 M⊙, a luminosity of (2.0 ± 0.2) × 10–4 L⊙, log g [cm s–2]) = 7.95 ± 0.09, and a cooling age of 2100 ± 270 Myr. With its white dwarf companion the exoplanet host star HD 107148 A forms an evolved stellar system, which hosts at least one exoplanet. So far, only few of these evolved systems are known, which represent only about 5 % of all known exoplanet host multiple stellar systems. HD 107148 B is the second confirmed white dwarf companion of an exoplanet host star with a projected separation to its primary star of more than 1000 AU. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Discovery of a companion at the brown dwarf limit to the solar‐type star Gliese 29
Authors: Chini R. , Fuhrmann K. , Pozo Nuñez F. , Ramolla M. , Kaderhandt L. , Niedworok N. , Hodapp K.‐W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGliese 29 is a 7 to 8 Gyr old, southern Population I turnoff star with a large proper motion of 1″/yr. Using recent direct imaging observations with the 0.8 m Infrared Imaging System (IRIS) of the Universitätssternwarte Bochum near Cerro Armazones in Chile, we demonstrate that the faint source 2MASS J00402651–5927168 at a projected angular separation ρ = 6.″35 is a common‐proper‐motion companion to Gl 29. Provided this source is not part of a further subsystem, the IRIS J ‐ and Ks‐band photometry either implies a spectral type of about L2, based on its absolute magnitude, or an approximate mass MB ≃ 0.077 M⊙, suggesting that it may even be a brown dwarf. Assuming a face‐on circular orbit this faint companion orbits Gl 29 in 1880 years. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gemini J ‐band observations of RX J0806.4–4123
Authors: Posselt B. , Luhman K. L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe detection of near‐infrared (NIR) excess at the position of a star can indicate either a substellar companion or a disk around the respective star. In this work we probed whether a 2.5σ H ‐band flux enhancement at the position of the isolated neutron star RX J0806.4–4123 can be confirmed at another NIR wavelength. We observed RXJ0806.4–4123 in the J ‐band with Gemini South equipped with FLAMINGOS‐2. There was no significant detection of a J ‐band source at the neutron star position. However, similarly to the H ‐band we found a very faint (1.4σ) flux enhancement with a nominal magnitude of J = 24.8 ± 0.5. The overall NIR‐detection significance is 3.1σ. If real, this emission is too bright to come from the neutron star alone. Deeper near‐infrared observations are necessary to confirm or refute the potential NIR excess. The confirmation of such NIR excess could imply that there is a substellar companion or a disk around RXJ0806.4–4123. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Excess B‐modes extracted from the Planck polarization maps
Authors: Nørgaard‐Nielsen H. U. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOne of the main obstacles for extracting the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) from mm/submm observations is the pollution from the main Galactic components: synchrotron, free‐free and thermal dust emission. The feasibility of using simple neural networks to extract CMB has been demonstrated on both temperature and polarization data obtained by the WMAP satellite. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of neural networks for extracting the CMB signal from the Planck polarization data with high precision. Both auto‐correlation and cross‐correlation power spectra within a mask covering about 63 % of the sky have been used together with a “high pass filter” in order to minimize the influence of the remaining systematic errors in the Planck Q and U maps. Using the Planck 2015 released polarization maps, a BB power spectrum have been extracted by Multilayer Perceptron neural networks. This spectrum contains a bright feature with signal to noise ratios 4.5 within 200 ≪ l ≪ 250. The spectrum is significantly brighter than the BICEP2 2015 spectrum, with a spectral behaviour quite different from the “canonical” models (weak lensing plus B‐modes spectra with different tensor to scalar ratios). The feasibility of the neural network to remove the residual systematics from the available Planck polarization data to a high level has been demonstrated. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Light‐curve solutions of 20 ecipsing Kepler binaries, most of them with pronounced spot and flare activity
Authors: Kjurkchieva D. , Atanasova T. , Dimitrov D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe carried out light curve solutions of the Kepler light curves of twenty detached eclipsing binaries with circular orbits and determined the orbital inclinations, temperatures. relative radii and luminosities of their components. We studied the quality of the solutions with respect to the adopted limb‐darkening law and its coefficients. The detailed tracing of the numerous and uninterrupted data of our targets gave us an unique possibility to detect and learn their spot and flare activity. We established that the out‐of‐eclipse variability of the most targets gradually changes from small‐amplitude two‐waved type to big‐amplitude one‐waved type and vice versa, i.e. their spot activity cycles pass through phase of two almost diametrically opposite spots and phase of big polar cool spot. We found that the low‐temperature targets show flare activity of UV Cet‐type with amplitudes of 0.002–0.22 mag and duration of up to several hours. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The dosimetric properties of phosphate glass systems prepared by different chemical nanomaterials
Authors: Abdelhalim Mohamed Anwar K. , Al‐Shamrani Bandar Mora 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of glass systems were carried out using prepared nanocrystals injected into a glass matrix as a thermoluminescence (TL) activator using the melt–quenching method. Sample 1 was prepared as [40P2O5 50BaO:2.5MgO, 2.5Na2O, 5TiO2], sample 2 as [37.5P2O5 37.5CaO:25TiO2] and sample 3 as [50P2O5–50Li2O]. Formation of the synthesized compound was confirmed by studying the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. An annealing procedure was carried out for 1 h at 400 °C. The glow curve position and shape shifted dramatically and linearly to the higher temperature values on increasing the heating rate. A heating rate of 30 °C/s was the most suitable for obtaining a high TL response. Samples 2 and 3 have the highest TL response, which approached the effective atomic number (Zeff) of natural bone. The observed TL sensitivity of the prepared samples 2 and 3 is less than that of commercially available ‘TLD‐200 chips’ and LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD‐100) phosphor. Sample [37.5P2O5 37.5CaO:25TiO2] would be useful in personal and environmental dosimetry for measuring high doses of gamma radiation. Sample [50P2O5–50Li2O] is a good dosimeter, although it requires the addition of an appropriate transitional metal (activator) to overcome the problem of high fading. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.