bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method for Scoliosis Screening Incorporating Deep Learning With Back Images
Authors: Zhang Le , Pei Baoqing , Zhang Shijia , Lu Da , Xu Yangyang , Huang Xin , Wu Xueqing 
Published: September 2024

Study Design Retrospective observational study. Objectives Scoliosis is commonly observed in adolescents, with a world0wide prevalence of 0.5%. It is prone to be overlooked by parents during its early stages, as it often lacks overt characteristics. As a result, many individuals are not aware that they may have scoliosis until the symptoms become quite severe, significantly affecting the physical and mental well-being of patients. Traditional screening methods for scoliosis demand significant physician effort and require unnecessary radiography exposure; thus, implementing large-scale screening is challenging. The application of deep learning algorithms has the potential to reduce unnecessary radiation risks as well as the costs of scoliosis screening. Methods The data of 247 scoliosis patients observed between 2008 and 2021 were used for training. The dataset included frontal, lateral, and back upright images as well as X-ray images obtained during the same period. We proposed and validated deep learning algorithms for automated scoliosis screening using upright back images. The overall process involved the localization of the back region of interest (ROI), spinal region segmentation, and Cobb angle measurements. Results The results indicated that the accuracy of the Cobb angle measurement was superior to that of the traditional human visual recognition method, providing a concise and convenient scoliosis screening capability without causing any harm to the human body. Conclusions The method was automated, accurate, concise, and convenient. It is potentially applicable to a wide range of screening methods for the detection of early scoliosis.
Evaluation of Tibiofemoral Contact Mechanics After a Novel Hybrid Procedure for Femoral Osteochondral Defect Repairs With a Subchondral Implant and Dermal Matrix
Authors: Hung Victor T. , Dee Derek T. , McGarry Michelle H. , Lee Thay Q. 
Published: September 2024

Background: There is a lack of procedures that adequately address the subchondral bone structure and function for reconstructing osteochondral defects in the femoral condyles. Purpose: To biomechanically evaluate the tibiofemoral joint contact characteristics before and after reconstruction of femoral condylar osteochondral defects using a novel hybrid reconstructive procedure, which was hypothesized to restore the contact characteristics to the intact condition. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Tibiofemoral contact areas, contact forces, and mean contact pressures were measured in 8 cadaveric knees (mean age 52 ± 11 years; 6 women, 2 men) using a custom testing system and pressure mapping sensors. Five conditions were tested for each condyle: intact, 8-mm defect, 8-mm repair, 10-mm defect, and 10-mm repair. Medial femoral condylar defects were evaluated at 30° of knee flexion and lateral condylar defects were evaluated at 60° of knee flexion, with compressive loads of 50, 100, and 150 N. The defects were reconstructed with a titanium fenestrated threaded implant countersunk in the subchondral bone and an acellular dermal matrix allograft. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was used to compare the results between the 5 testing conditions at each load. Results: Medial condylar defects significantly increased mean contact pressure on the lateral side ( P < .042), which was restored to the intact levels with repair. The lateral condylar defect decreased the mean contact pressure laterally while increasing the mean pressure medially. The lateral and medial mean contact pressures were restored to intact levels with the 8-mm lateral condylar defect repair. The medial mean contact pressure was restored to intact levels with the 10-mm lateral condylar defect repair. The lateral mean contact pressure decreased compared with the intact state with the lateral condylar 10-mm defect repair. Conclusion: Tibiofemoral joint contact pressure was restored to the intact condition after reconstruction of osteochondral defects with dermal allograft matrix and subchondral implants for the repair of both 8- and 10-mm lateral condylar defects as well as 8-mm medial condylar defects but not completely for 10-mm medial condylar defects. Clinical Relevance: The novel hybrid procedure for osteochondral defect repair restored tibiofemoral joint contact characteristics to normal in a cadaveric model.
Post-COVID job Stressors and Their Predictive Role on Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Between Physicians and Nurses
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Selene , Armas-Landaeta Carilene , Pérez-Aranda Adrián , Guzmán-Parra José , Monreal-Bartolomé Alicia , Carbonell-Aranda Vera , García-Campayo Javier , López-del-Hoyo Yolanda 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Health care providers face heightened stress and increased rates of anxiety and depression post-COVID-19. The pandemic, officially declared over in May 2023, continues to impact their wellbeing significantly, with ongoing mental health monitoring and tailored interventions crucial for support. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of job stressors in a sample of Spanish health care providers post-COVID and to explore potential differences between physicians and nurses, hypothesizing that while both professional categories could experience similar job stressors, some of them could have a differential impact on the mental health of each subgroup. Methods This cross-sectional substudy is part of the MINDxYOU project. The data were collected from 191 health care providers from two regions in Spain. Participants completed the UNIPSICO test battery, used to assess job stressors, and questionnaires to evaluate perceived stress, depressive symptomatology, anxiety, and resilience. Descriptive analyses, bivariate correlations, and linear regression models were performed to compare the two professions that were the most representative of our sample: physicians (n = 82) and nurses (n = 54). Results The most frequent job stressors were workload, lack of positive feedback, and inequity in social interactions. Physicians reported worse outcomes in terms of workload, autonomy, role conflicts, inequity in social interactions, and work-family balance compared to nurses. Mobbing, despite not being very frequent, significantly predicted different mental health outcomes for both physicians and nurses. Inequity in social interactions and job satisfaction were significant predictors of physicians’ mental health, while role ambiguity, interpersonal conflicts, and career turnover intentions predicted nurses’ mental health. Conclusion As hypothesized, our findings highlight that certain job stressors (i.e., inequity in social interactions, conflicts in the workplace) might be affecting physicians’ and nurses’ mental health differently. Therefore, effective strategies addressing each subgroup's specific stressors would be necessary to prevent the development of burnout syndrome and other serious mental health conditions associated with occupational stress. These strategies would imply organizational changes in most cases.
Association between angiographic and clinical outcomes after STA-MCA bypass in adult moyamoya disease
Authors: Kuang Guicheng , Ji Hang , Zheng Jixuan , Li Xinchen , Luo Kejin , Hu Yajun , Zhang Zheyuan , Sun Haogeng 
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose: As an angiographic outcome, postoperative collateral formation (PCF) is commonly used to evaluate the effect of STA-MCA bypass in moyamoya disease (MMD), but whether it can reliably reflect clinical outcomes is still unclear. We investigated the association between PCF and clinical outcomes in adult MMD. Methods: All STA-MCA bypass procedures performed from January 2013 to December 2019 were screened in this prospective cohort study. Patients who acquired presurgical and follow-up catheter angiography were included. The clinical outcomes consisted of symptom improvement and recurrent cerebrovascular events. Logistic and Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed to explore the association between PCF and clinical outcomes. Results: Of 165 included symptomatic hemispheres of 154 patients, 104 (63.0%) and 61 (37.0%) had good and poor PCF, respectively. The hemispheres with good PCF were younger ( p = 0.004) and had a higher incidence of hemodynamic dysfunction on admission ( p < 0.001) than those with poor PCF. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the good PCF (odd ratio, 28.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 9.12–91.98; p < 0.001) was associated with a higher incidence of symptom improvement. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the poor PCF (hazard ratio, 3.77; 95% CI, 1.31–10.84; p = 0.014) was associated with a higher incidence of recurrent cerebrovascular events. In the hemorrhagic-onset hemispheres, good PCF group had a higher incidence of symptom improvement ( p < 0.001) and a longer hemorrhage-free time ( p = 0.031). In the ischemic-onset hemispheres, good PCF group also had a higher incidence of symptom improvement ( p < 0.001) and a longer ischemia-free time ( p = 0.028). Conclusions: As a angiographic outcome, collateral formation is a qualified surrogate measure for clinical outcomes after STA-MCA bypass in adult MMD.
Prospects of Artificial Intelligence in the Annihilation of Caste
Authors: Sinha Kunal 
Published: September 2024

The masquerading effect of caste has engulfed the social structure in such a way that the myth associated with it has perked up in the ideas of existence, making it a reality regulating day-to-day affairs of interaction. Most of the time, it is considered a functional prerequisite. The stratification associated with it has conformity emanating from the acceptance of the identity, which is not evading even after migrating to foreign countries to participate and be part of the capitalist mode of production. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a creation of the human mind. Caste is also a creation of the human mind. Technology has always paved the way for the betterment of society if used properly. Caste practices have always divided society and contaminated the public sphere with divisive manifestations of their stronghold in influencing social processes and policies. Annihilation of caste was the published work of Dr B. R. Ambedkar in the year 1936, and still the content and the context are seen in society. In the backdrop of this, the article engages with the role (if any) of AI in mitigating the divisions in society. The readers are already aware of the repercussions of the caste system since time immemorial. The diffusion of technology has always been trying to be inclusive, depending on the socio-economic aspect of any society. Industrialization along with the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) revolution has rendered several avenues and opportunities for the so-called lower caste people to come forward and amalgamate themselves with the so-called upper caste people in the socio- economic process. The article discusses the prospect of the annihilation of caste by the influence of AI. It also engages in discussing caste as a main component of individual and community identity, which has become immune to any form of change in society. The article is based on available secondary sources.
Poroid Neoplasms: A Clinicopathological Study of 13 Cases
Authors: Efared Boubacar , Boubacar Idrissa , Ousmane Kadre Kadre Alio , Abani Bako Aïchatou Balaraba , Boureima Habiba Salifou , Amadou Soumaila , Nouhou Hassan 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Poroid neoplasms (PN) are a heterogeneous group of tumors deriving from sweat glands and folliculo-sebaceous units. Their histological classification and clinical features are challenging. Our aim was to report clinicopathological features of poroid neoplasms. Methods: It is a retrospective study including all cases of poroid neoplasms registered at our Pathology laboratory of Niamey National Hospital (February 2020-February 2024). Results: We registered 13 cases of benign poroid neoplasms: 10 classic poromas (CP) (76.9%), 2 poroid hidradenomas (PH) (15.4%) and 1 dermal duct tumor (DDT) (7.7%). Nine cases (69.2%) had preoperative clinical diagnosis of malignancy. The mean age was 41.1 years (range of 12-70 years) with a slight female predominance. Only 4/13 cases (30.8%) had classical palmoplantar locations. The tumors mean size was 3.7 cm (range of 0.4-8 cm). Clear cells were present in 7 cases (53.8%), apocrine ductal differentiation (mixed or pure) in 6 cases (46.2%), keratin horns in 2 cases (15.4%), squamous eddies in 6 cases (46.2%), melanin pigments in 1 case (7.7%) and sebaceous differentiation in 2 cases (15.4%). Conclusions: Unlike what is classically reported, our study shows that apocrine ductal differentiation, younger age and non-palmoplantar locations are common in poroid neoplasms.
The ICF2 gene Zbtb24 specifically regulates the differentiation of B1 cells via promoting heme synthesis
Authors: Gao He , Zhao Ying , Zhao Sai , Dai Xiao-Qiu , Qin Xiao-Yuan , Zheng Wei-Long , He Ting-Ting , Zhang Nan , Zhu Can , Wang Hong-Min , Pan Wen , Zhu Xue-Mei , Gao Xiao-Ming , Dai Jian-Feng , Gong Fang-Yuan , Wang Jun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Loss-of-function mutations of ZBTB24 cause immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies syndrome 2 (ICF2). ICF2 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with immunological defects in serum antibodies and circulating memory B cells, resulting in recurrent and sometimes fatal respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. The genotype–phenotype correlation in patients with ICF2 indicates an essential role of ZBTB24 in the terminal differentiation of B cells.

Methods
We used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPER)/Cas9 technology to generate B cell specific Zbtb24-deficient mice and verified the deletion specificity and efficiency by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and western blotting analyses in fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted cells. The development, phenotype of B cells and in vivo responses to T cell dependent or independent antigens post immunization were analyzed by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Adoptive transfer experiment in combination with in vitro cultures of FACS-purified B cells and RNA-Seq analysis were utilized to specifically determine the impact of Zbtb24 on B cell biology as well as the underlying mechanisms.

Results
Zbtb24 is dispensable for B cell development and maintenance in naive mice. Surprisingly, B cell specific deletion of Zbtb24 does not evidently compromise germinal center reactions and the resulting primary and secondary antibody responses induced by T cell dependent antigens (TD-Ags), but significantly inhibits T cell independent antigen-elicited antibody productions in vivo. At the cellular level, Zbtb24-deficiency specifically impedes the plasma cell differentiation of B1 cells without impairing their survival, activation and proliferation in vitro. Mechanistically, Zbtb24-ablation attenuates heme biosynthesis partially through mTORC1 in B1 cells, and addition of exogenous hemin abrogates the differentiation defects of Zbtb24-null B1 cells.

Conclusions
Zbtb24 seems to regulate antibody responses against TD-Ags B cell extrinsically, but it specifically promotes the plasma cell differentiation of B1 cells via heme synthesis in mice. Our study also suggests that defected B1 functions contribute to recurrent infections in patients with ICF2.
Investigating key explanatory factors for safer long-distance bus services
Authors: Rahnama Shaghayegh , Cortez Adriana , Monzon Andres 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBuses are among the most accessible and frequently used means of transport. Due to its importance, road safety analysis is frequently conducted to reduce accidents. This paper studied the relationship between weather conditions and the causes of accidents to improve road safety, focusing on long-distance services between Madrid and Bilbao (Spain). We employed Latent Class Clustering (LCC) and Hierarchical Ordered Logit models to identify these factors’ relationships. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was adopted to provide temporal insights into accident occurrences.The main results show a downward trend in accidents since 2019, with manoeuvres being the most frequent cause. LCC reveals that “manoeuvres and car invading lanes in the opposite direction” in “clear and cloudy weather” has the highest probability of occurrence (63%). The hierarchical-ordered logit model indicates that rainy weather significantly affects all accident causes. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis reveals a vertical initial decline in survival probability within the first ten days, emphasizing a high initial accident risk.The integrated approach used in this work provides a thorough understanding of accident hazards, which is its main contribution. By integrating LCC, Hierarchical Ordered Logit models and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis; we could offer a comprehensive and nuanced interpretation of the connection between weather and bus accidents. The findings highlight the need for rapid and sustained safety interventions, enhancing robustness and providing actionable insights for improving bus safety.
Analysis of miRNAs in milk of four livestock species
Authors: Cendron Filippo , Rosani Umberto , Franzoi Marco , Boselli Carlo , Maggi Flavio , De Marchi Massimo , Penasa Mauro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Milk is essential for mammalian nutrition because it provides vital nutrients for growth and development. Milk composition, which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, supports lactation, a complex process crucial for milk production and quality. Recent research has focused on noncoding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), which are present in body fluids and regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. This study comprehensively characterizes miRNAs in milk of four livestock species, namely Bubalus bubalis, Capra hircus, Equus asinus, and Ovis aries and identifies potential target genes.

Results
High-throughput sequencing of milk RNA resulted in distinct read counts across species: B. bubalis (8,790,441 reads), C. hircus (12,976,275 reads), E. asinus (9,385,067 reads), and O. aries (7,295,297 reads). E. asinus had the highest RNA mapping rate (94.6%) and O. aries the lowest (84.8%). A substantially greater proportion of miRNAs over other small RNAs was observed for the donkey milk sample (7.74%) compared to buffalo (0.87%), goat (1.57%), and sheep (1.12%). Shared miRNAs, which included miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, and miR-23a among others, showed varying expression levels across species, confirmed by qPCR analysis. Functional annotation of predicted miRNA target genes highlighted diverse roles, with an enrichment in functions linked to metabolism and immunity. Pathway analysis identified immune response pathways as significant, with several miRNAs targeting specific genes across species, suggesting their regulatory function in milk.

Conclusions
Both conserved and species-specific miRNAs were detected in milk of the investigated species. The identified target genes of these miRNAs have important roles in neonatal development, adaptation, growth, and immune response. Furthermore, they influence milk and meat production traits in livestock.
Unveiling the role of epigenetics in leaf senescence: a comparative study to identify different epigenetic regulations of senescence types in barley leaves
Authors: Rudy Elżbieta , Tanwar Umesh Kumar , Szlachtowska Zofia , Grabsztunowicz Magda , Arasimowicz-Jelonek Magdalena , Sobieszczuk-Nowicka Ewa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Developmental leaf senescence (DLS) is an irreversible process followed by cell death. Dark-induced leaf senescence (DILS) is a reversible process that allows adaptations to changing environmental conditions. As a result of exposure to adverse environmental changes, plants have developed mechanisms that enable them to survive. One of these is the redirection of metabolism into the senescence pathway. The plant seeks to optimise resource allocation. Our research aims to demonstrate how epigenetic machinery regulates leaf senescence, including its irreversibility.

Results
In silico analyses allowed the complex identification and characterisation of 117 genes involved in epigenetic processes in barley. These genes include those responsible for DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes. We then performed RNAseq analysis after DILS and DLS to evaluate their expression in senescence-dependent leaf metabolism. Principal component analysis revealed that evaluated gene expression in developmental senescence was similar to controls, while induced senescence displayed a distinct profile. Western blot experiments revealed that senescence engages senescence-specific histone modification. During DILS and DLS, the methylation of histone proteins H3K4me3 and H3K9me2 increased. H3K9ac acetylation levels significantly decreased during DILS and remained unchanged during DLS.

Conclusions
The study identified different epigenetic regulations of senescence types in barley leaves. These findings are valuable for exploring epigenetic regulation of senescence-related molecular mechanisms, particularly in response to premature, induced leaf senescence. Based on the results, we suggest the presence of an epigenetically regulated molecular switch between cell survival and cell death in DILS, highlighting an epigenetically driven cell survival metabolic response.
Combined application of biochar and peatmoss for mitigation of drought stress in tobacco
Authors: Zaman Qamar uz , Rehman Muzammal , Feng Youhong , Liu Zhiyuan , Murtaza Ghulam , Sultan Khawar , Ashraf Kamran , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Al Farraj Dunia A. , Rizwan Muhammad , Iqbal Rashid , Deng Gang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDrought poses a significant ecological threat that limits the production of crops worldwide. The objective of this study to examine the impact of soil applied biochar (BC) and peatmoss (PM) on the morpho-biochemical and quality traits of tobacco plants under drought conditions. In the present experiment work, a pot trial was conducted with two levels of drought severity (~ well-watered 75 ± 5% field capacity) and severe drought stress (~ 35 ± 5% field capacity), two levels of peatmoss (PM) @ 5% [PM+ (with peatmoss) and PM- (without peatmoss)] and three levels of rice straw biochar (BC0 = no biochar; BC1 = 150 mg kg− 1; and BC2 = 300 mg kg− 1 of soil) in tobacco plants. The results indicate that drought conditions significantly impacted the performance of tobacco plants. However, the combined approach of BC and PM significantly improved the growth, biomass, and total chlorophyll content (27.94%) and carotenoids (32.00%) of tobacco. This study further revealed that the drought conditions decreased the production of lipid peroxidation and proline accumulation. But the synergistic approach of BC and PM application increased soluble sugars (17.63 and 12.20%), soluble protein (31.16 and 15.88%), decreased the proline accumulation (13.92 and 9.03%), and MDA content (16.40 and 8.62%) under control and drought stressed conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the combined approach of BC and PM also improved the leaf potassium content (19.02%) by limiting the chloride ions (33.33%) under drought stressed conditions. Altogether, the balanced application of PM and BC has significant potential as an effective approach and sustainable method to increase the tolerance of tobacco plants subjected to drought conditions. This research uniquely highlights the combined potential of PM and BC as an eco-friendly strategy to enhance plant resilience under drought conditions, offering new insights into sustainable agricultural practices.