bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A - 143 Organic Psychiatric Disorders Due to Frontal Lobe Neoplasms
Authors: Dabbagh Dania , Brett Jonathan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This current study seeks to explore the presentation of psychiatric disorders as a preliminary symptom in individuals who suffer from frontal lobe neoplasms.

Data Selection
The primary sources of information for this literature review were Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the National Institute of Health (NIH). Search terms included frontal lobe tumors/neoplasms, primary brain tumors, psychiatric/psychological, acquired disorders, and pseudo-depression/mania. This search was limited to articles published in English from January 2014 to December 2023. Inclusion criteria were studies that focused on frontal lobe tumors and psychiatric manifestations as a result of illness. Exclusion criteria were studies older than nine years or studies that explored traits of psychiatric illness (i.e., aggression) as opposed to a psychiatric diagnosis.

Data Synthesis
Frontal lobe neoplasms, accounting for a significant percentage of PTBs, have been found to impact the psychological well-being of patients, leading to a range of psychiatric manifestations that may appear before physiological symptoms. These include mood disorders (i.e., depression, manic episodes), psychotic episodes, and personality disorders. Due to the complexities of the frontal lobe, these manifestations are not linearly linked to frontal lobe lesions.

Conclusion
This study’s findings advocate for a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, emphasizing the need for neuropsychological evaluations pre- and post-tumor resection. It calls for heightened awareness among clinicians to consider organic causes behind psychiatric presentations, especially in atypical cases or when traditional treatments fail. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the neuropsychiatric consequences of frontal lobe neoplasms and paves the way for more targeted and effective interventions.
A - 144 Catfishing, Financial Fraud and Neuropsychological Mitigation
Authors: Clem Matthew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Literature implicates cognitively impaired older adults as vulnerable to financial fraud victimization. This case illustrates neuropsychological factors predisposing a younger adult to victimization in a romance scam and later involvement in a financial fraud scam.

Method
A 51-year-old female charged with theft, money laundering, and fraudulent schemes was referred by defense counsel due to apparent memory difficulties. She had been victimized via romance scam and then engaged in a financial fraud scam involving older adults. She had a history of anxiety and multiple previous dysfunctional/abusive romantic relationships. Neuropsychological history included benzodiazepine and alcohol abuse over the past 10–20 years with recent declines in memory, attention, processing speed, and decision-making. Recent head CT showed mild microvascular changes and sulci/ventricle enlargement.

Results
Performance validity testing was entirely within normal limits. Cognitive testing revealed mild to moderate decrements in verbal memory, novel problem-solving, and mental flexibility. Her profile was consistent with long-term alcohol abuse and benzodiazepine dependence. Symptom validity testing indicated significant minimization and positive impression management. Psychological testing revealed maladaptive personality traits with dependent and borderline features.

Conclusion
Psychological, neurocognitive, and interpersonal factors predisposed her to victimization in a romance scam, making her an “easy mark.” Despite having no financial incentive, she later became a “middle-man” in an international financial fraud scheme via her online romantic partner (i.e., handler). She was easily convinced and placated when she raised concerns about her involvement due to her neurocognitive deficits and dependent tendencies. Neuropsychological mitigation was presented, and the defendant was referred to a mental health diversion court and substance abuse treatment program.
A - 145 Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome in ALL Survivor
Authors: Nigro Sarah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), previously known as sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), presents with symptoms like mind-wandering, hypoactivity, and mental fogginess. There is a relatively high prevalence (23.7%) of CDS in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), although the neuropathology remains poorly understood, potentially involving autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Cognitive late effects, including slowed speed, inattention and executive dysfunction can occur post-cancer treatment. This case highlights the need for regular assessment of CDS, particularly in the pediatric cancer population. Given the symptom overlap it is important to discuss onset, duration, and variability of symptom presentation to rule-in/out the role of cognitive late effects.

Method
“Alex,” a 14-year-old, B cell ALL survivor, was struggling academically nine years post-treatment. She and parents reported slowness, fatigue, trouble concentrating, and social withdrawal, despite medical stability. She received two years of psychotherapy for anxiety and depression without improvement.

Results
Alex had average intellectual and cognitive functioning, with mild executive dysfunction. Despite reported slowness in daily activities, processing speed was average. Parent and self-report forms indicated significant problems with executive functioning, somatic symptoms, and inattention. Parents indicated significant symptoms on the SCT scale. Alex’s cognitive profile suggested ADHD-I with features consistent with CDS.

Conclusions
Discrepancies between testing scores and daily life challenges were inconsistent with cognitive late effects. Her physical symptoms (e.g., fatigue, social withdrawal) did not improve with mood as expected with depression. Identifying these discrepancies and symptom timeline was crucial in diagnosing CDS and guiding interventions, leading to a sense of relief and direction for Alex and her family.
B - 3 The Role of Artificial Intelligence: Utilization of the Meyers Battery for Diagnostically Differentiating a Complex Neuropsychological Case
Authors: Sica Robert B , Greco Steven P , Gallagher Eleonora , Scimemi Gianna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
As medical technology progresses, artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming a common method for providing diagnostic information to patients. In neuropsychology, the Meyers Neuropsychological Battery (MNB) provides impartial data through artificial intelligence. The following case illustrates how AI provided diagnostic clarity and aided in treatment planning.

Method
A 65-year-old female was referred by her neurosurgeon due to cognitive decline, delusions and hallucinations, and episodes of aggression toward her caretaker. A full, comprehensive neuropsychological examination was administered. Her medical history was remarkable for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, thyroid cancer, two cerebrovascular accidents, traumatic brain injury, and multiple ischemic strokes. The patient’s most recent imaging was remarkable for chronic encephalomalacia involving the R basal ganglia, mild chronic small vessel ischemic changes, a ventricular shunt within the anterior horn of the R lateral ventricle, and post-coil embolization of a right supraclinoid artery.

Results
The patient was administered the MNB along with psychological measures. Results were consistent with diffuse and lateralized (RCH &gt; LCH) neuropsychological impairment. Employing the MNB algorithms and AI, this patient’s data matched statistically with Multi-Infarct Dementia, Hydrocephalus, and Lewy Body Dementia.

Conclusion
These independent applications and AI enable neuropsychologists to respond beyond the “referral question” and provide an objective perspective unique to the patient’s neuropsychological profile. AI is not applied as the only diagnostic approach but rather provides the patient’s medical team with an alternative perspective regarding the entire neuropsychological picture. MNB’s AI not only aids in “matching” neurological conditions to the patient’s profile but also excludes proposed diagnoses in question and underscores a realistic treatment plan.
B - 8 Preemie-Pediatric Left Middle Cerebral Arterial Cerebrovascular Accident and Comorbid Focal Left Central Epilepsy: a Case Study
Authors: Nelson Fletcher , Smyth Chelsie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Literature regarding neurocognitive functioning in pediatric middle cerebral arterial (MCA) is limited. The aim of this study was to enhance the field’s knowledge and understanding of the presentation and impact of preemie-pediatric left MCA in utero with comorbid left-brain epilepsy in overall neurocognitive and behavioral functioning.

Method
The subject is a 12-year-old left-handed male with history of previously described events. The purpose of this evaluation was to determine current levels of neurocognitive and behavioral functioning as it relates to his medical history, treatment planning, and prognosis. Data collection was part of a pre-surgical consult to reduce epileptic activity.

Results
Results suggest overall cognitive functioning fell within the average range. However, relative difficulties in areas of attention and executive functioning were indicated. While all other domains were grossly intact, his profile indicates strengths in visual compared to verbal memory. Interestingly, the patient performed better on verbal tasks after a delay both with and without cuing. This suggests the presentation of a unique trait of pediatric epilepsy in that due to slowed processing speed as seen on the WISC, this patient is likely to remember more information over time. His academic achievements also fell within age-expectations.

Conclusions
This study impresses the importance of prompt neuropsychological evaluation in providing insight to the patient’s impairments and contribute to adaptive neurocognitive functioning moving forward. While idiopathic, this case demonstrates the need for continued research in pediatric-infantile infarct and provides the opportunity to improve the field’s understanding of the interpretation of similar cases.
B - 10 Performance Validity Test Failure Base Rates among Presurgical Epilepsy Referrals
Authors: Newkirk Bailey , Jaramillo Ruthie , Rubright Colin , Soble Jason R , Ulrich Devin M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Patients with epilepsy undergoing presurgical workup are generally considered a population without clear incentive to perform invalidly during neuropsychological evaluation. This study investigated the base rates of performance validity test (PVT) failure among a sample of presurgical epilepsy patients. Participants and.

Methods
Data were collected from 68 consecutive patients with epilepsy undergoing outpatient neuropsychological evaluation for surgical candidacy. The sample included 33 males/35 females, had a mean age of 36.29 (SD = 12.07), mean education of 12.51 (SD = 2.23), and was racially and ethnically diverse. All patients were administered a number of freestanding (Test of Memory Malingering [TOMM], Dot Counting Test [DCT], Coin-in-Hand [CIH]) and embedded (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Forced Choice [RAVLT-FC], Wechsler Memory Scale–3rd Edition Digit Span Reliable Digit Span [WMS-III DS RDS]) PVTs within a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment battery.

Results
Overall, 9% of the sample failed ≥2 PVTs, suggesting invalidity. An additional 22% failed 1 PVT. However, a large portion of the sample (69%) passed all freestanding and embedded PVTs. Among the freestanding PVTs, the failure rates were TOMM: 4%, DCT: 21%, and CIH: 3%. Failure rates on embedded PVTs were RAVLT-FC: 15% and WMS-III DS RDS: 3%.

Conclusions
Although there is not an expected incentive for suboptimal neuropsychological performance among presurgical epilepsy patients, results show a critical need for objective validity assessment to guard against inaccurate surgical prognostication from invalid test data for patients undergoing high-stakes presurgical evaluations. Given the high invalidity rate on some individual PVTs, further research is necessary to cross-validate established PVT cut-scores in epilepsy-specific populations.
B - 11 Alien Limb and Corticobasal Degeneration: a Neuropsychological Case Study
Authors: Newkirk Bailey , Jimenez Alexis , Fink Joseph 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The patient presented with alien limb, frequently associated with corticobasal degeneration, an atypical parkinsonian syndrome with rigidity, akinesia, dystonia, cortical sensory deficit, and apraxia. Subjective memory complaints are also common. Neuropsychological performance typically includes poor performance on verbal fluency and measures tapping into executive functioning, but confrontation naming and verbal comprehension are initially well-preserved.

Method
The patient is a right-handed 69-year-old male who developed the sensation of alien limb in his left arm 2 years prior, in which his left hand did not feel “real.” Additionally, the patient presented with memory difficulties, mild word-finding problems, and physical/motor complaints (i.e., limb apraxia, tremor, bradykinesia, occasional limb dystonia, and postural instability) for approximately 2 years. The patient sought neuropsychological assessment to clarify his cognitive functioning in light of his neurologic symptoms.

Results
Premorbid functioning was in the exceptionally high range, with 18 years of education. Neuropsychologically, immediate memory was generally average, and generally low average delayed memory and recognition abilities. Mild inefficiencies were observed in executive functioning and semantic fluency. Otherwise, the patient performed generally average across other tasks of language, including confrontation naming, and attention.

Conclusions
In light of the literature, it is expected that corticobasal degeneration will be associated with subjective memory difficulties, executive dysfunction and poor verbal fluency. The patient presented with generally intact memory, mild executive dysfunction, and poor semantic fluency abilities. Given the patient’s high intelligence, he may be more sensitive to cognitive lapses. Neuropsychological results, along with his reported parkinsonian features, are fairly consistent with possible incipient corticobasal degeneration.
B - 12 Differences in Quality of Life in Students with Functional Neurological Disorders by School Setting
Authors: Escalante Natalie R , Wilkinson-Smith Alison 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Attending school in person for students with Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) has been recommended for improved functioning and reduced symptoms. There is little to no research measuring the impact of school setting on quality of life. This study investigates whether school setting impacts parent-perceived quality of life (QoL) in children with FND.

Method
The study included 142 patients (ages 7–19 years old) diagnosed with FND that were seen in an outpatient clinic at Children’s Medical Center, Dallas. Patients were classified as either participating in homeschool, regular in-person schooling, or in-person schooling with an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) or Section 504 accommodations. This did not include children being homeschooled solely due to COVID-19 school closures. A parent or guardian completed the PedsQL questionnaire. A single factor ANVOA was utilized to identify significant differences between groups. Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test were then conducted.

Results
Results revealed overall significant differences between groups (p0.1).

Conclusions
Results of this study support the recommendation of attending school in person, with or without formal support. Participation in typical daily routines may improve overall impact of pediatric FND.
B - 14 NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) Domains Compared across BSNIP-2 Biotypes for Psychosis Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Reis Jacqueline P , Dykins Madison M , Hill Scot K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) is commonly used to assess the Big Five personality traits: Neuroticism (N), Extroversion (E), Openness (O), Conscientiousness (C), and Agreeableness (A). This study compared NEO-PI-R personality factor composite scores across novel biological and neuropsychological characterizations of psychotic spectrum disorders (“biotypes”) derived by the Bipolar Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) consortium. Understanding personality patterns in more specific characterizations of psychotic spectrum disorders may shed light on behavioral patterns, including help-seeking in psychosis spectrum disorders.

Methods
Participants were 1086 individuals with a psychosis spectrum disorder grouped by biotype rather than DSM diagnosis who completed the NEO-PI-R.

Results
One-way ANOVAs were used to assess potential biotype group differences regarding NEO-PI-R traits. Post-hoc comparisons revealed that healthy controls endorsed more extroverted, agreeable, conscientious and less neurotic personality traits compared to the biotypes collectively. Traits of openness differentiated biotypes such that Biotype 3 endorsed more openness than Biotypes 1, 2 and Healthy Controls.

Conclusions
In addition to normal range cognitive abilities, less symptomatology, and fewer electrophysiological/imaging abnormalities, the present findings indicate that the Biotype 3 group endorsed more openness than the other patient groups. Like the Biotype 1 and 2 groups, internalizing symptomatology was present in the Biotype 3 group (less agreeableness, more neuroticism, less conscientiousness). Increased executive functioning, flexibility, problem-solving, and/or self-monitoring could be important factors contributing to the greater openness of the Biotype 3 group.
B - 15 Symptom Presentation on the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 in a Cohort of Explosive Ordnance Disposal Veterans
Authors: Tschida Sherri , Summers Angela , Chacko Thomas , Breneman Charity , Brewster Ryan , Reck Lily , Killy Owen , Allen Nathanial , Costanzo Michelle , Reinhard Matthew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This preliminary research examined symptom differences on the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist DSM-5 (PCL-5) for Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) and Non-EOD Veterans receiving care at the Washington DC-War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (DC-WRIISC) Veterans Administration Medical Center. EOD Veterans have extensive repetitive blast-exposure histories, exposure to environmental toxins, and operated under high-stress/allostatic load throughout their careers. Therefore, we aim to understand how these unique occupational exposures influence long-term health outcomes for EOD Veterans.

Method
Eligible participants (N = 39, Mage = 51 years (SD = 9.5 years); EOD, n = 21) completed comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluations, self-report questionnaires, were combat deployed, and experienced traumatic brain injury. Total and component scores for the NSI (affective, cognitive, somatic, vestibular, and validity-10) and PCL-5 (criterion B-E symptom clusters), and total score for the Holmes-Rahe Life Stress Inventory, (HRLSI) were included.

Results
Regression analysis revealed overall NSI severity was positively correlated to PCL-5 total scores for both groups (EOD: F(1,19) = 25.30, p &lt; 0.001); (Non-EOD: F(1,16) = 25.48, p &lt; 0.001). However, significant differences in symptom presentation were noted between groups. NSI Cognitive scores were positively correlated with PCL-5 component scores for Criterion B for EOD (F(3,17) = 8.40, p &lt; 0.001) and Criterion E for Non-EOD (F(3,14) = 24.32, p &lt; 0.001). Post-hoc analysis suggested stress/resiliency may further contribute to group differences (HRLSI; Non-EOD, F(2,12) = 33.96, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
DC-WRIISC Veterans often present with cognitive concerns and complex medical presentations. Our findings suggest the presence of unique symptom presentations that may improve diagnostic formulation, treatment planning, and engagement. These findings highlight the need for continued research examining the influence occupational exposures have on Veteran health.
B - 16 Neurocognitive Training to Boost Reward Sensitivity Modulates Positive Affect in Individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: a Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Hovren Hanna L , Scramaglia Tyler , Dun Danielle , Harlé Katia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Anhedonia (i.e., reduced positive affect and decreased sensitivity to rewards) is observed in many psychiatric conditions, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). We tested the usefulness of a cognitive training program aimed at boosting reward responsiveness (a multi-arm bandit task; MAB) to decrease anhedonia in individuals with anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Methods
Individuals (N = 50; 54% Female; 18–65 yo) with high levels of anhedonia as measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS; score &lt; 25) and diagnostic levels of depression and/or anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-8/PHQ-8 or General Anxiety Disorder-7/GAD-7 score ≥ 10) were randomly assigned to a high-reward MAB training with either high variance (HV) or low variance (LV) in reward rates. The HV condition was expected to boost reward maximization and decrease anhedonic symptoms. State anhedonia levels as measured by the PANAS were collected before and after completing MAB training.

Results
Individuals with both higher baseline anhedonia (PANAS positive affect score &lt; 18) and a GAD diagnosis who underwent the HV vs the LV training MAB exhibited a decrease in anhedonia when compared to pre-training levels (odds ratio/OR: 1.65, 95% CI = [1.16,2.35], t = 2.8, p = 0.027). This effect was not seen in individuals with GAD and lower levels of anhedonia (PANAS positive affect score &gt; 18) or in those who did not meet diagnostic criteria for GAD (ps &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
These results suggest a role for HV MAB training in decreasing anhedonia in individuals with GAD. Targeting anhedonia for these individuals during treatment may help improve clinical outcomes.