bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critique et réflexion
Authors: Fischbach Franck 
Published: December 2016

Le concept de réflexion joue un rôle clé dans la constitution de la théorie critique dès les premiers textes de Horkheimer dans les années 30. Mais la théorie critique n’a pas le monopole de la réflexion et la théorie traditionnelle la met également en oeuvre : c’est donc qu’il y a une spécificité de la réflexion engagée par la théorie critique. Au fil d’une enquête qui va de Horkheimer à Habermas, le présent article tente de localiser cette spécificité dans la particularité d’une expérience qui conduit à la réflexion, à l’adoption de l’attitude critique et ouvre l’horizon de l’émancipation.
Possibilité, possibilisation et réflexion de la réflexion
Authors: Schnell Alexander 
Published: December 2016

La position défendue dans cette contribution consiste à montrer que la compréhension de la phénoménologie comme philosophie transcendantale implique le recours à la philosophie allemande classique. L’auteur étudie, à ce dessein, une perspective d’abord gnoséologique puis ontologique, commandées sur différents registres par les concepts d’« intuition », de « construction » et de « possibilisation » (selon une première acception). Dans un troisième moment, il établit comment, dans une perspective tirant les conclusions « métaphysiques » de ces élaborations phénoménologiques, ces deux volets peuvent être envisagés dans un projet unitaire où la « possibilisation » est conçue comme une « réflexion de la réflexion ».
La réponse à l’incendie du parlement de Montréal en 1849, fondement d’une nouvelle communauté politique canadienne intégrée dans l’Empire britannique1
Authors: Roy Alain 
Published: December 2016

En 1849, l’incendie du parlement met fin au statut de capitale de Montréal mais ouvre également une nouvelle ère politique. Si les événements tragiques qui surviennent ont fortement marqué la mémoire et l’histoire canadiennes, cet incendie va toutefois permettre la consolidation du « gouvernement responsable ». Alors que le nouveau gouvernement est fragile et critiqué de toutes parts et que les Tories font un raffut du diable, une vaste campagne d’adresses et d’assemblées est mise en place. Elle a pour effet de souder une nouvelle communauté politique canadienne autour du gouvernement en proclamant son soutien au gouverneur général et son allégeance à la reine Victoria, scellant alors le réarrangement des pouvoirs au sein de l’Empire britannique.
Entre ville et campagnes, les subdélégués de l’intendance canadienne
(1675-1763)
Authors: Didier Sébastien 
Published: December 2016

De 1675 à 1763, la colonie de Nouvelle-France est administrée par un intendant qui
délègue dans les villes une partie de ses pouvoirs à des subdélégués. Ayant toute sa
confiance et commis pour l’informer et exécuter ses ordres sur « toutes sortes d’affaire »,
ils agissent aussi bien en ville qu’à la campagne, diffusant l’autorité et la justice de
l’intendant dans toute la province. Plus que la domination des notables urbains en milieu
rural, nos travaux montrent à quel point le réseau de l’intendant s’adapte aux localités,
notamment par le recrutement des subdélégués.
Assimilating the global satellite mapping of precipitation data with the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM)
Authors: Kotsuki Shunji , Miyoshi Takemasa , Terasaki Koji , Lien Guo‐Yuan , Kalnay Eugenia 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study aims to propose two new approaches to improve precipitation forecasts from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models through effective data assimilation of satellite‐derived precipitation. The assimilation of precipitation data is known to be very difficult mainly because of highly non‐Gaussian statistics of precipitation variables. Following Lien et al., this study addresses the non‐Gaussianity issue by applying the Gaussian transformation (GT) based on the empirical cumulative distribution function (CDF) of precipitation. We propose a method that constructs the CDF with only recent 1 month samples, without using a long period of samples needed previously. We also propose a method to use the inverse GT, with which we can obtain realistic precipitation fields from biased NWP model outputs. We assimilate the Japan Aerospace eXploration Agency's Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) data into the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) at 112 km horizontal resolution. Assimilating the GSMaP data results in improved weather forecasts compared to the control experiment assimilating only rawinsonde data. We find that horizontal observation thinning is necessary, probably due to the horizontal observation‐error correlations in the GSMaP data. We also obtained precipitation fields similar to GSMaP from the NICAM precipitation forecasts by using the inverse GT, leading to an improved precipitation forecast.
Cloud and Sun‐glint statistics derived from GOES and MODIS observations over the Intra‐Americas Sea for GEO‐CAPE mission planning
Authors: Feng Lian , Hu Chuanmin , Barnes Brian B. , Mannino Antonio , Heidinger Andrew K. , Strabala Kathleen , Iraci Laura T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractKnowledge of cloud cover, frequency, and duration is not only important to study cloud dynamics, but also critical in determining when and where to take ocean measurements from geostationary orbits such as the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO‐CAPE) mission due to the challenges in achieving complete hemispheric coverage of coastal oceans, estuaries, and inland waters at hourly frequency. Using GOES hourly measurements at 4 km nadir resolution between 2006 and 2011, the number of cloud‐free hourly observations per day (Ncf) for solar zenith angle θo < 80° was estimated for each 0.1° location of the Intra‐Americas Sea. The number of Sun‐glint‐affected hourly observations per day (Nsg) was also calculated based on the planned GEO‐CAPE observation geometry and realistic wind speed. High‐latitude and equatorial oceans showed the lowest Ncf (<2.4) in all climatological months, and highest Ncf was observed in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and Caribbean (>4.5). Different regions showed differences in seasonality of cloud‐free conditions and also showed differences in the hour of a day at which the satellite observations would have the maximal cloud‐free and glint‐free probability (Tmax). Cloud cover from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 1 km measurements are >10% higher than those from the MODIS 250 m measurements, supporting ocean color missions at subkilometer resolutions to enhance both spatial coverage and temporal frequency. These findings provide valuable information for GEO‐CAPE mission planning to maximize its science value through minimizing the impacts of clouds and Sun glint.
Evaluating the skills of isotope‐enabled general circulation models against in situ atmospheric water vapor isotope observations
Authors: Steen‐Larsen H. C. , Risi C. , Werner M. , Yoshimura K. , Masson‐Delmotte V. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe skills of isotope‐enabled general circulation models are evaluated against atmospheric water vapor isotopes. We have combined in situ observations of surface water vapor isotopes spanning multiple field seasons (2010, 2011, and 2012) from the top of the Greenland Ice Sheet (NEEM site: 77.45°N, 51.05°W, 2484 m above sea level) with observations from the marine boundary layer of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean (Bermuda Islands 32.26°N, 64.88°W, year: 2012; south coast of Iceland 63.83°N, 21.47°W, year: 2012; South Greenland 61.21°N, 47.17°W, year: 2012; Svalbard 78.92°N, 11.92°E, year: 2014). This allows us to benchmark the ability to simulate the daily water vapor isotope variations from five different simulations using isotope‐enabled general circulation models. Our model‐data comparison documents clear isotope biases both on top of the Greenland Ice Sheet (1–11‰ for δ18O and 4–19‰ for d‐excess depending on model and season) and in the marine boundary layer (maximum differences for the following: Bermuda δ18O = ~1‰, d‐excess = ~3‰; South coast of Iceland δ18O = ~2‰, d‐excess = ~ 5‰; South Greenland δ18O = ~4‰, d‐excess = ~7‰; Svalbard δ18O = ~2‰, d‐excess = ~7‰). We find that the simulated isotope biases are not just explained by simulated biases in temperature and humidity. Instead, we argue that these isotope biases are related to a poor simulation of the spatial structure of the marine boundary layer water vapor isotopic composition. Furthermore, we specifically show that the marine boundary layer water vapor isotopes of the Baffin Bay region show strong influence on the water vapor isotopes at the NEEM deep ice core‐drilling site in northwest Greenland. Our evaluation of the simulations using isotope‐enabled general circulation models also documents wide intermodel spatial variability in the Arctic. This stresses the importance of a coordinated water vapor isotope‐monitoring network in order to discriminate amongst these model behaviors.
Lagrangian dynamics of the mistral during the HyMeX SOP2
Authors: Drobinski P. , Alonzo B. , Basdevant C. , Cocquerez P. , Doerenbecher A. , Fourrié N. , Nuret M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe mistral refers to a severe wind blowing over the Gulf of Lions after being channeled in the Rhone valley. It influences the western Mediterranean climate as it brings cold and dry continental air over the warm western Mediterranean, generating intense air‐sea heat exchanges and sea surface cooling, inducing the formation of the western Mediterranean deep water that moves into the Atlantic Ocean. The mistral is frequently observed to extend as far as a few hundred kilometers from the coast, and its fine‐scale dynamics over the sea is still only partially understood as finely resolved observations in time and space are lacking. The boundary layer pressurized balloons (BLPB) developed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and deployed during HyMeX SOP2 allowed the Lagrangian documentation of the mistral events that occurred between beginning of February to mid‐March 2013. Analyzed in synergy with the AROME‐WMED weather forecast model, all the terms of the Lagrangian formulation of the momentum conservation equation could be quantified showing three different regions: (1) an injection zone where the mistral flow is directed toward the center of the Genoa cyclone due to a strong zonal pressure gradient, enhanced friction, and entrainment in the mountain wake; (2) an ejection zone where the flow is deflected outward of the cyclone due to either the nonnegligible inertia pseudoforce or an inertial oscillation caused by a sudden friction decrease; and (3) a region of geostrophic deceleration due to the weakening of the pressure gradient.
A photosynthesis‐based two‐leaf canopy stomatal conductance model for meteorology and air quality modeling with WRF/CMAQ PX LSM
Authors: Ran Limei , Pleim Jonathan , Song Conghe , Band Larry , Walker John T. , Binkowski Francis S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA coupled photosynthesis‐stomatal conductance model with single‐layer sunlit and shaded leaf canopy scaling is implemented and evaluated in a diagnostic box model with the Pleim‐Xiu land surface model (PX LSM) and ozone deposition model components taken directly from the meteorology and air quality modeling system—WRF/CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecast model and Community Multiscale Air Quality model). The photosynthesis‐based model for PX LSM (PX PSN) is evaluated at a FLUXNET site for implementation against different parameterizations and the current PX LSM approach with a simple Jarvis function (PX Jarvis). Latent heat flux (LH) from PX PSN is further evaluated at five FLUXNET sites with different vegetation types and landscape characteristics. Simulated ozone deposition and flux from PX PSN are evaluated at one of the sites with ozone flux measurements. Overall, the PX PSN simulates LH as well as the PX Jarvis approach. The PX PSN, however, shows distinct advantages over the PX Jarvis approach for grassland that likely result from its treatment of C3 and C4 plants for CO2 assimilation. Simulations using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) leaf area index (LAI) rather than LAI measured at each site assess how the model would perform with grid averaged data used in WRF/CMAQ. MODIS LAI estimates degrade model performance at all sites but one site having exceptionally old and tall trees. Ozone deposition velocity and ozone flux along with LH are simulated especially well by the PX PSN compared to significant overestimation by the PX Jarvis for a grassland site.
Large uncertainties in observed daily precipitation extremes over land
Authors: Herold Nicholas , Behrangi Ali , Alexander Lisa V. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe explore uncertainties in observed daily precipitation extremes over the terrestrial tropics and subtropics (50°S–50°N) based on five commonly used products: the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) dataset, the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre‐Full Data Daily (GPCC‐FDD) dataset, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) multi‐satellite research product (T3B42 v7), the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks–Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR), and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project's One‐Degree Daily (GPCP‐1DD) dataset. We use the precipitation indices R10mm and Rx1day, developed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices, to explore the behavior of “moderate” and “extreme” extremes, respectively. In order to assess the sensitivity of extreme precipitation to different grid sizes we perform our calculations on four common spatial resolutions (0.25° × 0.25°, 1° × 1°, 2.5° × 2.5°, and 3.75° × 2.5°). The impact of the chosen “order of operation” in calculating these indices is also determined. Our results show that moderate extremes are relatively insensitive to product and resolution choice, while extreme extremes can be very sensitive. For example, at 0.25° × 0.25° quasi‐global mean Rx1day values vary from 37 mm in PERSIANN‐CDR to 62 mm in T3B42. We find that the interproduct spread becomes prominent at resolutions of 1° × 1° and finer, thus establishing a minimum effective resolution at which observational products agree. Without improvements in interproduct spread, these exceedingly large observational uncertainties at high spatial resolution may limit the usefulness of model evaluations. As has been found previously, resolution sensitivity can be largely eliminated by applying an order of operation where indices are calculated prior to regridding. However, this approach is not appropriate when true area averages are desired (e.g., for model evaluations).
Lenalidomide and low‐dose dexamethasone (Rd) versus bortezomib, melphalan, prednisone (VMP) in elderly newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: A comparison of two prospective trials
Authors: Gentile Massimo , Magarotto Valeria , Offidani Massimo , Musto Pellegrino , Bringhen Sara , Teresa Petrucci Maria , Gay Francesca , Larocca Alessandra , Uccello Giuseppina , Petrungaro Annamaria , Vigna Ernesto , Greco Rosa , Grazia Recchia Anna , Tripepi Giovanni , Ria Roberto , Di Raimondo Francesco , Palumbo Antonio , Morabito Fortunato 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThere are currently no direct head‐to‐head clinical trials evaluating bortezomib‐melphalan‐prednisone (VMP) versus lenalidomide and low‐dose dexamethasone (Rd). VMP (257 cases) and Rd (222 cases) arms of two randomized phase III trials were employed to assess the treatment influence on outcome in untreated elderly MM patients.Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were the primary and secondary end‐points, respectively, and were investigated according to treatments administered over a 60‐months follow‐up period.While VMP significantly reduced the disease progression rate between enrolment and 12 months of follow‐up, no difference between the two schedules was found between 12 and 32 months. After 32 months, Rd‐treated patients had a lower incidence of disease progression. A statistically significant higher OS rate was seen in the VMP arm, which was maintained after data adjustment for potential confounders. Both approaches showed acceptable toxicity profiles.The profound tumor reduction by VMP over Rd justifies the initial higher PFS rate in favor of the bortezomib schedule, while the Rd regimen overcomes this evident initial drawback in reducing the tumor burden by long‐term drug administration, gaining a subsequent improved disease control. VMP is associated with a significant reduced risk of death. This study may help physicians make a more informed therapy choice.
Poor outcomes associated with +der(22)t(9;22) and −9/9p in patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving chemotherapy plus a tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Short Nicholas J. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Sasaki Koji , Ravandi Farhad , Ko Heidi , Cameron Yin C. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Cortes Jorge E. , Garris Rebecca , O'Brien Susan M. , Patel Keyur , Khouri Maria , Thomas Deborah , Jain Nitin , Kadia Tapan M. , Daver Naval G. , Benton Christopher B. , Issa Ghayas C. , Konopleva Marina , Jabbour Elias 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with chemotherapy plus a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), the prognostic impact of additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs) is not well‐established. We evaluated the prognostic impact of individual ACAs in 152 patients with Ph+ ALL receiving first‐line intensive chemotherapy plus either imatinib (n = 36), dasatinib (n = 74), or ponatinib (n = 42). ACAs were identified in 118 patients (78%). Compared to outcomes of patients without ACAs, ACAs were not associated with differences in either relapse‐free survival (RFS; P = 0.42) or overall survival (OS; P = 0.51). When individual ACAs were evaluated, +der(22)t(9;22) and/or −9/9p in the absence of high hyperdiploidy (HeH) was present in 16% of patients and constituted a poor‐risk ACA group. Patients with one or more poor‐risk ACAs in the absence of HeH had significantly shorter RFS (5‐year RFS rate 33% versus 59%, P = 0.01) and OS (5‐year OS rate 24% versus 63%, P = 0.003). Poor‐risk ACAs were prognostic in patients who received imatinib and dasatinib but not in those who received ponatinib. By multivariate analysis, this poor‐risk ACA group was independently associated with worse RFS (HR 2.03 [95% CI 1.08‐3.30], P = 0.03) and OS (HR 2.02 [95% CI 1.10‐3.71], P = 0.02). Patients with Ph+ ALL who have +der(22)t(9;22) and/or −9/9p in the absence of HeH have relatively poor outcomes when treated with chemotherapy plus a TKI.
Characterization and functional study of a Cecropin‐like peptide from the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi
Authors: Fang Shao‐Liang , Wang Lei , Fang Qi , Chen Chen , Zhao Xiao‐San , Qian Cen , Wei Guo‐Qing , Zhu Bao‐Jian , Liu Chao‐Liang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn present study, a Cecropin‐like peptide from Antheraea pernyi (ApCec) was cloned and characterized. The full‐length ApCec cDNA encoded a protein with 64 amino acids including a putative 22‐amino‐acid signal peptide, a 4‐amino‐acid propeptide, and a 38‐amino‐acid mature peptide. ApCec gene was highly expressed in Malpighian tubules of A. pernyi after induction for 24 h by Escherichia coli in PBS. Pro‐ApCec (including propeptide and mature peptide) and M‐ApCec (just mature peptide) were synthesized chemically and analyzed by HPLC and mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of M‐ApCec is more potent than pro‐ApCec against E. coli K12 or B. subtilus in both minimum inhibitory concentration and inhibition zone assays. Hemolytic assay results showed M‐ApCec possessed a low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. The secondary structure of M‐ApCec forms α‐helical structure, shown by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy analysis suggested that M‐ApCec killed bacteria by disrupting bacterial cell membrane integrity. Our results indicate ApCec may play an important role in defending from pathogenic bacteria in A. pernyi, and it may be as a potential candidate for applications in antibacterial drug development and agriculture.
Observability Conditions by Polynomial Ideals
Authors: Kawano Y. , Ohtsuka T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we give global and local observability conditions of polynomial systems. Each observability is defined in terms of distinguishability of a pair of initial states. The set of pairs of initial states are represented as an affine variety. By using this affine variety, a global observability condition is derived. Then, a local observability condition is presented based on the minimal decomposition of the affine variety and dimension theory.
An Engineered Tryptophan Synthase Opens New Enzymatic Pathways to β‐Methyltryptophan and Derivatives
Authors: Francis Daniel , Winn Michael , Latham Jonathan , Greaney Michael F. , Micklefield Jason 
Published: December 2016

Abstractβ‐Methyltryptophans (β‐mTrp) are precursors in the biosynthesis of bioactive natural products and are used in the synthesis of peptidomimetic‐based therapeutics. Currently β‐mTrp is produced by inefficient multistep synthetic methods. Here we demonstrate how an engineered variant of tryptophan synthase from Salmonella (StTrpS) can catalyse the efficient condensation of l‐threonine and various indoles to generate β‐mTrp and derivatives in a single step. Although l‐serine is the natural substrate for TrpS, targeted mutagenesis of the StTrpS active site provided a variant (βL166V) that can better accommodate l‐Thr as a substrate. The condensation of l‐Thr and indole proceeds with retention of configuration at both α‐ and β‐positions to give (2S,3S)‐β‐mTrp. The integration of StTrpS (βL166V) with l‐amino acid oxidase, halogenase enzymes and palladium chemocatalysts provides access to further d‐configured and regioselectively halogenated or arylated β‐mTrp derivatives.
Second‐Generation Engineering of a Thermostable Transketolase (TKGst) for Aliphatic Aldehyde Acceptors with Either Improved or Reversed Stereoselectivity
Authors: Zhou Chaoqiang , Saravanan Thangavelu , Lorillière Marion , Wei Dongzhi , Charmantray Franck , Hecquet Laurence , Fessner Wolf‐Dieter , Yi Dong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe transketolase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (TKGst) is a thermostable enzyme with notable high activity and stability at elevated temperatures, but it accepts non‐α‐hydroxylated aldehydes only with low efficiency. Here we report a protein engineering study of TKGst based on double‐site saturation mutagenesis either at Leu191 or at Phe435 in combination with Asp470; these are the residues responsible for substrate binding in the active site. Screening of the mutagenesis libraries resulted in several positive variants with activity towards propanal up to 7.4 times higher than that of the wild type. Variants F435L/D470E and L191V/D470I exhibited improved (73 % ee, 3S) and inverted (74 % ee, 3R) stereoselectivity, respectively, for propanal. L191V, L382F/E, F435L, and D470/D470I were concluded to be positive mutations at Leu191, Leu382, Phe435, and Asp470 both for activity and for stereoselectivity improvement. These results should benefit further engineering of TKGst for various applications in asymmetric carboligation.