bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A data-driven approach to identify controls on global fire activity from satellite and climate observations (SOFIA V1)
Authors: Forkel Matthias , Dorigo Wouter , Lasslop Gitta , Teubner Irene , Chuvieco Emilio , Thonicke Kirsten 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Vegetation fires affect human infrastructures, ecosystems, global vegetation distribution, and atmospheric composition. However, the climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors that control global fire activity in vegetation are only poorly understood, and in various complexities and formulations are represented in global process-oriented vegetation-fire models. Data-driven model approaches such as machine learning algorithms have successfully been used to identify and better understand controlling factors for fire activity. However, such machine learning models cannot be easily adapted or even implemented within process-oriented global vegetation-fire models. To overcome this gap between machine learning-based approaches and process-oriented global fire models, we introduce a new flexible data-driven fire modelling approach here (Satellite Observations to predict FIre Activity, SOFIA approach version 1). SOFIA models can use several predictor variables and functional relationships to estimate burned area that can be easily adapted with more complex process-oriented vegetation-fire models. We created an ensemble of SOFIA models to test the importance of several predictor variables. SOFIA models result in the highest performance in predicting burned area if they account for a direct restriction of fire activity under wet conditions and if they include a land cover-dependent restriction or allowance of fire activity by vegetation density and biomass. The use of vegetation optical depth data from microwave satellite observations, a proxy for vegetation biomass and water content, reaches higher model performance than commonly used vegetation variables from optical sensors. We further analyse spatial patterns of the sensitivity between anthropogenic, climate, and vegetation predictor variables and burned area. We finally discuss how multiple observational datasets on climate, hydrological, vegetation, and socioeconomic variables together with data-driven modelling and model–data integration approaches can guide the future development of global process-oriented vegetation-fire models.
Dating Egyptian Literary Texts; and Linguistic Dating of Middle Egyptian Literary Texts
Authors: Depuydt Leo 
Published: December 2017

Dating Egyptian Literary Texts. Edited by Gerald Moers; Kai Widmaier; Antionia Giewekmeyer; Arndt Lümers; and Ralf Ernst. Lingua Aegyptia, Studia Monographica, vol. 11. Hamburg: Widmaier Verlag, 2013. Pp. xiv + 653.
Linguistic Dating of Middle Egyptian Literary Texts. By Andréas Stauder. Lingua Aegyptia, Studia Monographica, vol. 12. Hamburg: Widmaier Verlag, 2013. Pp. xx + 568.
Propagation Route and Speed of Swell in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Zheng C. W. , Li C. Y. , Pan J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe characteristics of swell propagation play an important role in the forecasting of ocean waves as well as on research on global climate change, wave energy development, and disaster prevention and reduction. To reveal the propagation routes, terminal targets and speeds of swells that originate from the southern Indian Ocean westerly (SIOW), an intraseasonal swell index (SI) was defined based on the 45 year (September 1957 to August 2002) ERA‐40 wave reanalysis data product from the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The results show that the main body of the SIOW‐related swells typically spread to the waters off Sri Lanka and Christmas Island, while the branches spread to the Arabian Sea and other waters. The propagation speeds of swells originated in the SIOW were fastest in May and August, followed by November, and were slowest in February. Swells usually required 4–6 days to propagate from the western part of the SIOW to the waters off Sri Lanka and Christmas Island, whereas swells usually required 2–4 days to propagate from the eastern part of the SIOW to the waters off Christmas Island.
Comparison Between Regularized Optimization Algorithms for Tomographic Reconstruction of Plume Cross Sections in the Atmosphere
Authors: Casaballe Nicolás , Osorio Matías , Di Martino Matías , Frins Erna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe analyze and compare two approaches for the tomographic reconstruction of trace gas distributions in the atmosphere, adapted to differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) applications. The first approach performs the inversion by solving a regularized least squares problem. Regularization is required because the retrieval of the distribution from a limited set of measurements is an ill‐posed problem. This approach does not consider the nonnegativity of the trace gas concentrations. The second approach is a new proposal that solves an optimization problem with the Laplacian of the solution as the regularization term. This approach enables the possibility of adding the nonnegativity constraint to the solution. The algorithm here is stated as an instance of a convex optimization problem and can numerically be solved using, for example, the CVX package. We test both approaches on reconstructions of simulated gas distributions and different experimental configurations applicable to Multi‐Axis DOAS and multispectral imaging measurements. From the results, we can then determine a set of reconstruction parameters appropriate to real plume measurements.
Southern Ocean Mixed‐Layer Seasonal and Interannual Variations From Combined Satellite and In Situ Data
Authors: Buongiorno Nardelli B. , Guinehut S. , Verbrugge N. , Cotroneo Y. , Zambianchi E. , Iudicone D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe depth of the upper ocean mixed layer provides fundamental information on the amount of seawater that directly interacts with the atmosphere. Its space‐time variability modulates water mass formation and carbon sequestration processes related to both the physical and biological pumps. These processes are particularly relevant in the Southern Ocean, where surface mixed‐layer depth estimates are generally obtained either as climatological fields derived from in situ observations or through numerical simulations. Here we demonstrate that weekly observation‐based reconstructions can be used to describe the variations of the mixed‐layer depth in the upper ocean over a range of space and time scales. We compare and validate four different products obtained by combining satellite measurements of the sea surface temperature, salinity, and dynamic topography and in situ Argo profiles. We also compute an ensemble mean and use the corresponding spread to estimate mixed‐layer depth uncertainties and to identify the more reliable products. The analysis points out the advantage of synergistic approaches that include in input the sea surface salinity observations obtained through a multivariate optimal interpolation. Corresponding data allow to assess mixed‐layer depth seasonal and interannual variability. Specifically, the maximum correlations between mixed‐layer anomalies and the Southern Annular Mode are found at different time lags, related to distinct summer/winter responses in the Antarctic Intermediate Water and Sub‐Antarctic Mode Waters main formation areas.
Atomically Thin Mesoporous Co3O4 Layers Strongly Coupled with N‐rGO Nanosheets as High‐Performance Bifunctional Catalysts for 1D Knittable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Li Yingbo , Zhong Cheng , Liu Jie , Zeng Xiaoqiao , Qu Shengxiang , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin , Lu Jun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUnder development for next‐generation wearable electronics are flexible, knittable, and wearable energy‐storage devices with high energy density that can be integrated into textiles. Herein, knittable fiber‐shaped zinc–air batteries with high volumetric energy density (36.1 mWh cm−3) are fabricated via a facile and continuous method with low‐cost materials. Furthermore, a high‐yield method is developed to prepare the key component of the fiber‐shaped zinc–air battery, i.e., a bifunctional catalyst composed of atomically thin layer‐by‐layer mesoporous Co3O4/nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (N‐rGO) nanosheets. Benefiting from the high surface area, mesoporous structure, and strong synergetic effect between the Co3O4 and N‐rGO nanosheets, the bifunctional catalyst exhibits high activity and superior durability for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. Compared to a fiber‐shaped zinc–air battery using state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C + RuO2 catalysts, the battery based on these Co3O4/N‐rGO nanosheets demonstrates enhanced and stable electrochemical performance, even under severe deformation. Such batteries, for the first time, can be successfully knitted into clothes without short circuits under external forces and can power various electronic devices and even charge a cellphone.
Realizing Over 13% Efficiency in Green‐Solvent‐Processed Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells Enabled by 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole‐Based Wide‐Bandgap Copolymers
Authors: Xu Xiaopeng , Yu Ting , Bi Zhaozhao , Ma Wei , Li Ying , Peng Qiang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTwo novel wide‐bandgap copolymers, PBDT‐TDZ and PBDTS‐TDZ, are developed based on 1,3,4‐thiadiazole (TDZ) and benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) building blocks. These copolymers exhibit wide bandgaps over 2.07 eV and low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels below −5.35 eV, which match well with the typical low‐bandgap acceptor of ITIC, resulting in a good complementary absorption from 300 to 900 nm and a low HOMO level offset (≤0.13 eV). Compared to PBDT‐TDZ, PBDTS‐TDZ with alkylthio side chains exhibits the stronger optical absorption, lower‐lying HOMO level, and higher crystallinity. By using a single green solvent of o‐xylene, PBDTS‐TDZ:ITIC devices exhibit a large open‐circuit voltage (Voc) up to 1.10 eV and an extremely low energy loss (Eloss) of 0.48 eV. At the same time, the desirable high short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 17.78 mA cm−2 and fill factor of 65.4% are also obtained, giving rise to a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.80% without any additive and post‐treatment. When adopting a homotandem device architecture, the PCE is further improved to 13.35% (certified as 13.19%) with a much larger Voc of 2.13 V, which is the best value for any type of homotandem organic solar cells reported so far.
Facilitated Oxygen Chemisorption in Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon for Improved Oxygen Reaction Activity in All‐Solid‐State Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Sisi , Wang Mengfan , Sun Xinyi , Xu Na , Liu Jie , Wang Yuzhou , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDriven by the intensified demand for energy storage systems with high‐power density and safety, all‐solid‐state zinc–air batteries have drawn extensive attention. However, the electrocatalyst active sites and the underlying mechanisms occurring in zinc–air batteries remain confusing due to the lack of in situ analytical techniques. In this work, the in situ observations, including X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, of a heteroatom‐doped carbon air cathode are reported, in which the chemisorption of oxygen molecules and oxygen‐containing intermediates on the carbon material can be facilitated by the electron deficiency caused by heteroatom doping, thus improving the oxygen reaction activity for zinc–air batteries. As expected, solid‐state zinc–air batteries equipped with such air cathodes exhibit superior reversibility and durability. This work thus provides a profound understanding of the reaction principles of heteroatom‐doped carbon materials in zinc–air batteries.
Dimeric Drug Polymeric Micelles with Acid‐Active Tumor Targeting and FRET‐Traceable Drug Release
Authors: Guo Xing , Wang Lin , Duval Kayla , Fan Jing , Zhou Shaobing , Chen Zi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTrans‐activating transcriptional activator (TAT), a cell‐penetrating peptide, is extensively used for facilitating cellular uptake and nuclear targeting of drug delivery systems. However, the positively charged TAT peptide strongly interacts with serum components and undergoes substantial phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system, causing a short blood circulation in vivo. In this work, an acid‐active tumor targeting nanoplatform DA‐TAT‐PECL is developed to inhibit the nonspecific interactions of TAT in the bloodstream. 2,3‐dimethylmaleic anhydride (DA) is used to convert the TAT's amines to carboxylic acid; the resulting DA‐TAT is conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PEG‐PCL, PECL) to get DA‐TAT‐PECL. After self‐assembly into polymeric micelles, they are capable of circulating in the physiological condition for a long time and promoting cell penetration upon accumulation at the tumor site and deshielding the DA group. Moreover, camptothecin (CPT) is used as the anticancer drug and modified into a dimer (CPT)2‐ss‐Mal, in which two CPT molecules are connected by a reduction‐labile maleimide thioether bond. The Förster resonance energy transfer signal between CPT and maleimide thioether bond is monitored to visualize the drug release process, and effective targeted delivery of antitumor drugs is demonstrated. This pH/reduction dual‐responsive micelle system provides a new platform for high fidelity cancer therapy.
Formal [5+3] Cycloaddition of Zwitterionic Allylpalladium Intermediates with Azomethine Imines for Construction of N,O‐Containing Eight‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Yuan Chunhao , Wu Yang , Wang Dongqi , Zhang Zhenhua , Wang Chang , Zhou Leijie , Zhang Cheng , Song Baoan , Guo Hongchao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA formal [5+3] cycloaddition of zwitterionic allylpalladium intermediates with 1,3‐dipoles is developed, providing N,O‐containing eight‐membered heterocyclic compounds in high yields. Catalytically generated zwitterionic allylpalladium intermediates in situ from vinylethylene carbonates or vinyloxiranes acted as dipolarophile.magnified image
Synthesis and Reactivity of 1,1‐Diborylalkanes towards C–C Bond Formation and Related Mechanisms
Authors: Miralles Núria , Maza Ricardo J. , Fernández Elena 
Published: December 2017

Abstractgem‐Diborylalkanes have emerged as efficient reagents for synthesizing organoboron compounds through selective C−C bond‐forming reactions. Activation of the 1,1‐diborylalkanes generates carbanions with enhanced stability that are able to react with a series of electrophiles, carbonyl compounds, imines and epoxides to promote formation of a new C−C bond. These new sets of reactions have become general for a wide range of substrates and they can be understood by alternative mechanisms that justify the potential use of these reagents. The formation of C–C(B) bonds can be achieved with chemo‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity, because the nucleophilc α‐boryl or α‐diboryl carbanions attack in a stereoselective manner, by means of the catalyst involved. The synthesis of gem‐diborylalkanes has also been promoted by innovative methods and facilitates access to multiborylated reagents with different substituents and properties.magnified image
An Allene Approach to Tetrahydrofuran‐Fused Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐2‐enes
Authors: Song Shihua , Fu Chunling , Huang Xin , Ma Shengming 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn efficient access to tetrahydrofuran‐fused bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐2‐enes via palladium‐catalyzed cyclization of oxygen‐tethered 2,7‐alkadiynylic carbonates with 2‐(buta‐2,3‐dienyl)malononitrile has been developed. Perfect chiral induction was observed when a substituent was introduced to the propargylic position affording the optically active polycyclic products of both enantiomers. Control experiments showed that the oxygen tether of 2,7‐alkadiynylic carbonates and the two cyano groups in allene are indispensible for this transformation.magnified image
“Dumbbell”‐ and “Clackers”‐Shaped Dimeric Derivatives of Monocarba‐closo‐dodecaborate
Authors: Kitazawa Yu , Watanabe Mamoru , Masumoto Yui , Otsuka Mai , Miyamoto Kazunori , Muranaka Atsuya , Hashizume Daisuke , Takita Ryo , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe designed, synthesized, and characterized two types of dimeric forms of monocarba‐closo‐dodecaborate, namely, a “dumbbell”‐shaped dianion having a C−C bond and a “clackers”‐shaped monoanion having an iodonium linker. The unique architectures of these anionic molecules were established by X‐ray analysis. Spectroscopic analysis, DFT calculations, and reactivity experiments revealed high anionic and chemical stability of both anions, which are crucial properties for weakly coordinating anions.
A 30 nm Nanopore Electrode: Facile Fabrication and Direct Insights into the Intrinsic Feature of Single Nanoparticle Collisions
Authors: Gao Rui , Ying Yi‐Lun , Li Yuan‐Jie , Hu Yong‐Xu , Yu Ru‐Jia , Lin Yao , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractClarifying the hidden but intrinsic feature of single nanoparticles by nanoelectrochemistry could help understand its potential for diverse applications. The uncontrolled interface and bandwidth limitation in the electrochemical measurement put the obstacle in single particle collision. Here, we demonstrate a well‐defined 30 nm nanopore electrode with a rapid chemical‐electrochemical fabrication method which provides a high reproducibility in both size and performance. A capacitance‐based detection mechanism is demonstrated to achieve a high current resolution of 0.6 pA ±0.1 pA (RMS) and a high the temporal resolution of 0.01 ms. By utilizing this electrode, the dynamic interactions of every single particle in the mixture could be directly read during the collision process. The collision frequency is two orders of magnitude higher than previous reports, which helps reveal the hidden features of nanoparticles during the complex and multidimensional interaction processes.
Visible‐Light Emulsion Photopolymerization of Styrene
Authors: Le Quéméner Frédéric , Subervie Daniel , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Lalevée Jacques , Lansalot Muriel , Bourgeat‐Lami Elodie , Lacôte Emmanuel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe photopolymerization of styrene in emulsion is achieved in a conventional double‐wall reactor equipped with a LED ribbon coiled around the external glass wall. Styrene mixed to acridine orange is added to the water phase containing sodium dodecyl sulfate, a water‐soluble N‐heterocyclic carbene–borane and disulfide, and irradiated. Highly stable latexes are obtained, with particles up to a diameter of 300 nm. The ability to reach such large particle sizes via a photochemical process in a dispersed medium is due to the use of visible light: the photons in the visible range are less scattered by larger objects and thus penetrate and initiate better the polymerizations. They are also greener and cheaper to produce via LEDs, and much safer than UVs. The method presented does not require any specific glassware; it works at lower temperature and delivers larger particles compared to thermal processes at similar solids contents and surfactant concentrations.
Cleavage of Unstrained C−C Bonds in Acenes by Boron and Light: Transformation of Naphthalene into Benzoborepin
Authors: Wang Suning , Yuan Kang , Hu Ming‐Feng , Wang Xiang , Peng Tai , Wang Nan , Li Quan‐Song 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNaphthalene and acenaphthene with peri 2‐py and BMes2 (py=pyridyl, Mes=mesityl) substituents have been found to undergo facile phototransformation, cleavage of a C−C bond of naphthalene, and formation of 2‐py‐bound benzoborepins as the major products. Mechanistic pathways of this photoreaction have been established by examination of both excited and ground states by using CASSCF and CASPT2 methods in DFT and time‐dependent DFT calculations. The mesityl to py‐naphthyl charge‐transfer transition and the mesityl migration from the boron atom to the naphthyl moiety drive this unprecedented C−C bond cleavage and boron‐insertion reaction.
Robustness of Decision‐Making Competence: Evidence from Two Measures and an 11‐Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Parker Andrew M. , Bruine de Bruin Wändi , Fischhoff Baruch , Weller Joshua 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDecision‐making competence (DMC) is the ability to follow normative principles when making decisions. In a longitudinal analysis, we examine the robustness of DMC over time, as measured by two batteries of paper‐and‐pencil tasks. Participants completed the youth version (Y‐DMC) at age 19 and/or the adult version (A‐DMC) 11 years later at age 30, as part of a larger longitudinal study. Both measures are composed of tasks adapted from ones used in experimental studies of decision‐making skills. Results supported the robustness of these measures and the usefulness of the construct. Response patterns for Y‐DMC were similar to those observed with a smaller initial sample drawn from the same population. Response patterns for A‐DMC were similar to those observed with an earlier community sample. Y‐DMC and A‐DMC were significantly correlated, for participants who completed both measures, 11 years apart, even after controlling for measures of cognitive ability. Nomological validity was observed in correlations of scores on both tests with measures of cognitive ability, cognitive style, and environmental factors with predicted relationships to DMC, including household socioeconomic status, neighborhood disadvantage, and paternal substance abuse. Higher Y‐DMC and A‐DMC scores were also associated with lower rates of potentially risky and antisocial behaviors, including adolescent delinquency, cannabis use, and early sexual behavior. Thus, the Y‐DMC and A‐DMC measures appear to capture a relatively stable, measurable construct that increases with supportive environmental factors and is associated with constructive behaviors. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal report of child with de novo 16p11.2 triplication
Authors: Wallace Arianne S. , Hudac Caitlin M. , Steinman Kyle J. , Peterson Jessica L. , DesChamps Trent D. , Duyzend Michael H. , Nuttle Xander , Eichler Evan E. , Bernier Raphael A. 
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical Message16p11.2 deletions and duplications are commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder and linked to mirrored phenotypes of physical characteristics and higher penetrance for deletions. A male with a rare 16p11.2 triplication demonstrated a similar phenotypic presentation to deletion carriers with neurocognitive and adaptive skill deficits and above‐average physical growth.
Highly Luminescent CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) Nanocrystals Achieved by a Rapid Anion Exchange at Room Temperature
Authors: Fang Shaofan , Li Guangshe , Lu Yantong , Li Liping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCesium lead halide perovskite (CsPbX3) nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit an excellent photoelectric performance, which is directly governed by fine‐tuning of the composition and preparation of materials with a special phase structure and morphology. However, it is still facing challenges to achieve highly stable and luminescent CsPbX3 NCs at room temperature. Herein, we report on a novel exchange reaction, in which metal halides MX2 (M=Zn, Mg, Cu, or Ca; X=Cl, Br, or I) solids act as anion source to directly prepare CsPbX3 NCs at room temperature without any pretreatment. Introducing small amount of oleic acid or oleylamine speed up the exchange reaction through different promotion mechanisms. Oleic acid coordinates to the surface of the NCs, which increases the reaction activity, and oleylamine greatly enhances the dissolution of ZnCl2. XRD and TEM tests demonstrate that the cubic phase structure and the morphology of the parent CsPbX3 were well preserved. Moreover, the band‐gap energies and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were readily tunable over the entire visible spectral region of λ=406–685 nm. Our findings could open up the possibilities of using metal halide solids as new anion sources to prepare high‐quality CsPbX3 NCs at room temperature.