bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of climate change on hydrological conditions in a tropical West African catchment using an ensemble of climate simulations
Authors: Yira Yacouba , Diekkrüger Bernd , Steup Gero , Bossa Aymar Yaovi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. This study evaluates climate change impacts on water resources using an ensemble of six regional climate models (RCMs)–global climate models (GCMs) in the Dano catchment (Burkina Faso). The applied climate datasets were performed in the framework of the COordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX-Africa) project.After evaluation of the historical runs of the climate models' ensemble, a statistical bias correction (empirical quantile mapping) was applied to daily precipitation. Temperature and bias corrected precipitation data from the ensemble of RCMs–GCMs was then used as input for the Water flow and balance Simulation Model (WaSiM) to simulate water balance components.The mean hydrological and climate variables for two periods (1971–2000 and 2021–2050) were compared to assess the potential impact of climate change on water resources up to the middle of the 21st century under two greenhouse gas concentration scenarios, the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. The results indicate (i) a clear signal of temperature increase of about 0.1 to 2.6 °C for all members of the RCM–GCM ensemble; (ii) high uncertainty about how the catchment precipitation will evolve over the period 2021–2050; (iii) the applied bias correction method only affected the magnitude of the climate change signal; (iv) individual climate models results lead to opposite discharge change signals; and (v) the results for the RCM–GCM ensemble are too uncertain to give any clear direction for future hydrological development. Therefore, potential increase and decrease in future discharge have to be considered in climate change adaptation strategies in the catchment. The results further underline on the one hand the need for a larger ensemble of projections to properly estimate the impacts of climate change on water resources in the catchment and on the other hand the high uncertainty associated with climate projections for the West African region. A water-energy budget analysis provides further insight into the behavior of the catchment.
The contextual factors that influence the adoption of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) programme in the Arab Gulf universities
Authors: Al Salmi Jamal 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) initiative came into being after the developmentof electronic publishing on the internet and the technological platforms and software that
support it (Reeves, Hagen & Jewell, 2006). The idea of ETD submission was first mentioned in 1987
by Universal Microfilms Inc (UMI) in the United States. Twenty years later, many institutions have
adopted this initiative. The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) was
established in 1996 with a mission to coordinate ETD-related activities and support the adoption
and implementation of the ETD initiative (Allard, 2003; Suleman et al., 2001). In 2006, NDLTD had
more than 233 members from all over the world (Reeves et al., 2006). These included institutional,
consortial and individual members.More and more academic institutions have started to adopt and develop ETD programmes
all over the world. The rapid adoption and development of these programmes is influenced by
many factors. This paper discusses the contextual factors that have been found to influence the
adoption of ETD programs in the Arab Gulf States.
سبل الإفادة من تطبيقات الحوسبة السحابية في تقديم خدمات المعلومات
بدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة
Authors: Al-Ulaymi Tharwat 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
أدى التطور المتسارع في تكنولوجيا الشبكات إلى اتجاه العديد من المؤسسات إلي إتاحة تطبيقاتها للاستخدام من خلال شبكة الانترنت فيما يعرف باسم الحوسبة السحابية (Computing Cloud )، حيث أتاحت هذه التقنية لمستخدميها مميزات أفضل مثل توفير النفقات أو إتاحة خدمات لقطاع اكبر من المستفيدين وهناك إدراك متزايد بأنه سيأتي يوم وتكون الحوسبة السحابية الأداة الخامسة بعد الماء والكهرباء والغاز والاتصالات الهاتفية هذه الأداة الحاسوبية، مثل كل المرافق الأربعة الأخرى القائمة سوف توفر مستوى أساسي من خدمات الحوسبة التي تعتبر ضرورية لتلبية الاحتياجات اليومية للمجتمع عامة.

ولقد أظهرت قطاعات مثل الحكومة الإلكترونية، والأعمال المصرفية الإلكترونية والرعاية الصحية الإلكترونية و المكتبات الرقمية ازدهاراً كبيراً في مناطق من العالم حيث البنية التحتية قابلة لتقديم الدعم لها، ومن منظور إقليمي، فإن الإمارات تقود الطريق في هذه المجالات من خلال إنشاء بيئة مواتية للمنافسة، وبنى تحتية متقدمة ومن ثم تناولت هذه الدراسة مفهوم الحوسبة السحابية والميزات و العيوب المتعلقة بها والخدمات و التطبيقات التي أتاحتها في تقديم خدمات معلوماتية بدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة مع دراسة إمكانية الاستفادة منها في بيئة المكتبات ومن ثم الخروج بتصور لبناء ائتلاف شبكي معتمد على الحوسبة السحابية.
دراسة تحليلية لواقع الإفصاح الطوعي عن المعلومات في المصارف العراقية
ومدى تأثره بتطبيق آليات الحوكمة
من قبل
Authors: Aldabbagh Lukman MA , Ibrahem Laith K 
Published: April 2017

Abstractفي ضوء عولمة الأسواق المالية والتطورات التقنية والمعلوماتية التي يشهدها العالم أصبح الإفصاح الإلزامي لا يلبي الاحتياجات المتعددة لمستخدمي التقارير والمعلومات المحاسبية وظهرت الحاجة الى الإفصاح الطوعي لتخفيض التباين في المعلومات بين المدراء و المستثمرين ولتحسين نوعية المعلومات المفصح عنها , وكما هو معروف ان حوكمة الشركات خصوصا في القطاع المصرفي قد ساهم في تعزيز الشفافية والإفصاح والحد من ممارسات المحاسبة الإبداعية وتقليص فجوة المعلومات بين الإدارة وأصحاب المصالح, لهذا يهدف البحث الى دراسة اثر آليات الحوكمة على الإفصاح الطوعي في المصارف المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية, ومن اهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة هو وجود علاقة ارتباط معنوية بين الآليات الداخلية للحوكمة والإفصاح الطوعي بالإضافة الى وجود اثر ذات دلالة معنوية لإلية مجلس الإدارة على مستوى الإفصاح الطوعي للمصارف عينة الدراسة .
Does allelopathy increase invasiveness of Prosopis juliflora (sw.) Dc in arid land environment?
Authors: Abu-Dieyeh Mohammed H. 
Published: April 2017

Prosopis juliflora is highly recognized for its invasive character and its detrimental effects on different plant species across the world due to possessing allelochemicals. Our field observations indicated high prevalence of new recruitments of P. juliflora than other native associated plants in the study site. The purpose of this study is to assess the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of P. juliflora on selected Qatari flora. 100 g L− 1 of powdered of plant leaves was used to prepare the stock extract and then diluted to reach the following concentration: 2 mg ml− 1, 4 mg ml− 1, 6 mg ml− 1 and 8 mg ml− 1 from stock were prepared. Acacia tortilis, Prosopis cineraria, Sueda aegyptica, and Halopeplis perfoliata, were negatively impacted by aqueous extract at different treatment levels. The results showed that although seed germinations of Acacia tortilis was not significantly affected by the extract, however a significant reduction was observed in radical lengths starting from a concentration as low as 2 mg ml− 1. While low significant reduction (10%) was exerted on seed germination of Prosopis cineraria at higher concentrations of 6 mg ml− 1 and 8 mg ml− 1, the seed radical length was significantly reduced starting at the lowest concentration (2 mgml− 1). The seed germination and seed radical length of Sueda aegyptica were reduced by almost 2-folds at the lowest concentration treatment (2 mg ml− 1). Seed germination of Halopeplis perfoliata was also reduced significantly at concentration of 4 mg ml− 1. Seedlings growth of Aeluropus lagopoides, Caroxylon imbricatum and Tetraena qatarensis were also evaluated after being subjected to P. juliflora extract. Although no significant differences in plant height of Aeluropus lagopoides occurred due to treatments, significant reduction in dry matter biomass were found at concentrations of 6 mg ml− 1 and 8 mg ml− 1 of extract compared to control plants. The seedling growth and dry biomass of Caroxylon imbricatum were significantly declined at higher concentration of 8 mg ml− 1. However, the seedling growth and dry biomass of Tetraena qatarensis were significantly reduced at all treatment levels. Autotoxic effects of P. juliflora were also observed at concentrations of 6 mg ml− 1 and 8 mg ml− 1. Based on the research carried out, P. juliflora is invasive and utilize allelopathy as one major tool of its invasiveness. The species has detrimental effects on the Qatari native flora, and it is important to protect them from the growing spread of this invasive species.
تقييم واقع المكتبات الأكاديمية في جامعة السلطان قابوس في ضوء المعيار العربي الموحد للمكتبات الجامعية
Authors: بنت حمدان العامري جميلة , الريامي رباب بنت جمعه 
Published: April 2017

يعد تحقيق جودة الأداء على جميع مستويات مختلف الأنشطة والخدمات التي تتيحها المكتبات الجامعية ضرورة حتمية في إطار سعي المكتبات للحصول على الاعتماد الأكاديمي الذي يمنحها مكانة مرموقة بين نظيراتها و زيادة قدرتها التنافسية، حيث تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى تقييم واقع المكتبات الاكاديمية في جامعة السلطان قابوس في ضوء المعيار العربي الموحد للمكتبات الجامعية، وكذلك التعرف على مدى ملائمة أبنية ومساحات المكتبة، وأنظمة الإجراءات الادارية والخدمات العامة والفنية ، مع محاولة إبراز مواطن القوة والضعف في أداء المكتبات الاكاديمية في الجامعة. وطبقت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي النوعي واستخدمت المقابلة الشخصية مع مدراء المكتبات عينة الدراسة (المكتبة الرئيسية، المكتبة الطبية، مركز المعلومات بكلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية، مكتبة كلية الآداب والعلوم الاجتماعية)، وكذلك طبقت أسلوب الملاحظة لقائمة مراجعة تم تصميمها بناءً على عناصر المعيار العربي الموحد.وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: إن للمكتبات عينة الدراسة مباني مستقلة للاستخدام الحصري والانشطة الاخرى المتعلقة بها، أن المكتبة الرئيسية لها سياسة واضحة لكل خدمة تقدمها، فهي تعتبر المزود الرئيسي والمكتبة الحاضنة لجميع المكتبات داخل الجامعة في اشتراكاتها والعمليات الفنية ما عدا المكتبة الطبية فهي تشترك معها في اشتراكاتها للمصادر الالكترونية، أما في العمليات الفنية فهي مستقلة بذاتها. كذلك فإن جميع المكتبات عينة الدراسة توافقت مع بنود المعيار فيما يتعلق بعملية الاستبعاد من حيث السياسة وعناصرها الزمنية والموضوعية. وأيضًا أن قسم المراجع في المكتبة الرئيسية يقدم خدماته بشكل فعّال وباستخدام كل الطرق التي تم الإشارة إليها في المعيار ويتفوق على ما جاء ذكره في بنود المعيار المتعلقة بالخدمة المرجعية، أما مكتبتي مركز المعلومات بكلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية والمكتبة الطبية فإنها تقتصر على الطريقة المباشرة (بزيارة المستفيد للمكتبة ومقابلة موظفي الخدمة المرجعية) وغير مباشرة (البريد الإلكتروني، الهاتف، الفاكس). وكذلك تلاءمت جميع المكتبات عينة الدراسة مع ما جاء به المعيار فيما يتعلق بوضع سياسة وشروط مرتبطة بخدمة الإعارة توضح نوعيات وعدد الإعارات، مدة الإعارة، فئات الإعارة لكل فئة من المصادر ولكل فئة من المستفيدين.وبناء على النتائج فإن الدراسة توصي بعمل عمادة علمية مختصة للمكتبات، بحيث توحد الإجراءات الفنية والعامة وتسهل عملية التبادل، وتفعيل دور تطبيق المعايير العربية والأجنبية في المكتبات الأكاديمية لتيسير التعامل مع المكتبات الأخرى. وأيضًا كاقتراح للمعيار نفسه إنه لابد أن تستحدث المعيار في مجال الخدمات الالكترونية، لأن في الوقت الحالي في عصر الثورة التكنولوجية وتقنية المعلومات استحدثت الكثير من الخدمات والتي تقدمها المكتبات سواء فيمل يتعلق بالخدمة المرجعية (Ask librarian، RSS) وكذلك الأسئلة الشائعة، شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي وغيرها، بالإضافة للمستجدات فيما تتعلق بتقديم خدمة الإعارة والارجاع والتجديد على الموقع.
De toegankelijkheid van het tuchtrecht in de gezondheidszorg
Authors: Rube A. 
Published: April 2017

De toegankelijkheid van het tuchtrecht in de gezondheidszorg
In deze bijdrage staat het medisch tuchtrecht centraal. In december 2016 heeft de minister van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport een wetsvoorstel bij de Tweede Kamer aanhangig gemaakt, dat de toegankelijkheid en effectiviteit van het wettelijk tuchtrecht in de gezondheidszorg moet verbeteren. De centrale vraag van deze bijdrage is in hoeverre deze doelen met het wetsvoorstel worden bereikt. Het primaire doel van medisch tuchtrecht is het bevorderen en bewaken van de kwaliteit van de beroepsuitoefening. Het is tevens een middel om te bereiken dat personen die een medisch beroep uitoefenen en daardoor een bijzondere verantwoordelijkheid dragen, hun beroep uitoefenen op een wijze die met die verantwoordelijkheid overeenstemt. Het tuchtrecht dient daarmee een algemeen belang; het is niet gericht op persoonlijke genoegdoening van de klager. Hierdoor is toegankelijkheid van het tuchtrecht van essentieel belang. In het genoemde wetsvoorstel wordt een aantal voorstellen gedaan om dat te verbeteren, maar de auteur meent dat dat doel niet in alle gevallen wordt bereikt. Met name de invoering van griffierecht acht zij in dit licht problematisch. In plaats daarvan zou ondersteuning van de klager de voorkeur moeten krijgen en breder worden ingezet dan waar het wetsvoorstel nu in voorziet.
Population and energy elasticity of tornado casualties
Authors: Fricker Tyler , Elsner James B. , Jagger Thomas H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTornadoes are capable of catastrophic destruction and mass casualties, but there are yet no estimates of how sensitive the number of casualties are to changes in the number of people in harm's way or to changes in tornado energy. Here the relationship between tornado casualties (deaths and injuries), population, and energy dissipation is quantified using the economic concept of “elasticity.” Records of casualties from individual tornadoes over the period 2007–2015 are fit to a regression model. The coefficient on the population term (population elasticity) indicates that a doubling in population increases the casualty rate by 21% [(17, 24)%, 95% credible interval]. The coefficient on the energy term (energy elasticity) indicates that a doubling in energy dissipation leads to a 33% [(30, 35)%, 95% credible interval] increase in the casualty rate. The difference in elasticity values show that on average, changes in energy dissipation have been relatively more important in explaining tornado casualties than changes in population. Assuming no changes in warning effectiveness or mitigation efforts, these elasticity estimates can be used to project changes in casualties given the known population trends and possible trends in tornado activity.
The essential value of long‐term experimental data for hydrology and water management
Authors: Tetzlaff Doerthe , Carey Sean K. , McNamara James P. , Laudon Hjalmar , Soulsby Chris 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObservations and data from long‐term experimental watersheds are the foundation of hydrology as a geoscience. They allow us to benchmark process understanding, observe trends and natural cycles, and are prerequisites for testing predictive models. Long‐term experimental watersheds also are places where new measurement technologies are developed. These studies offer a crucial evidence base for understanding and managing the provision of clean water supplies, predicting and mitigating the effects of floods, and protecting ecosystem services provided by rivers and wetlands. They also show how to manage land and water in an integrated, sustainable way that reduces environmental and economic costs.
Water and life from snow: A trillion dollar science question
Authors: Sturm Matthew , Goldstein Michael A. , Parr Charles 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSnow provides essential resources/services in the form of water for human use, and climate regulation in the form of enhanced cooling of the Earth. In addition, it supports a thriving winter outdoor recreation industry. To date, the financial evaluation of the importance of snow is incomplete and hence the need for accelerated snow research is not as clear as it could be. With snow cover changing worldwide in several worrisome ways, there is pressing need to determine global, regional, and local rates of snow cover change, and to link these to financial analyses that allow for rational decision making, as risks related to those decisions involve trillions of dollars.
Shaft Vibration: Axial Vibration
Authors: Schiffer Wilfried 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTorsional vibrations are dominant in shaft lines of diesel marine installations. Axial shaft vibrations are very rarely the cause of severe damage cases, but they generate dynamic forces acting on the ship hull. Four‐stroke marine installations are not of interest due to short stroke, but for two‐stroke diesel engine installations, axial vibration calculations with active and inactive axial dampers are required by some classification societies. This article explains the meaning of the torsional–axial coupling coefficients of the crankshaft for the axial vibrations. Calculated and measured axial amplitudes for an installation with active and inactive axial dampers are compared. The influence of the firing order on axial amplitudes is demonstrated.
Maneuvering in Shallow and Confined Water
Authors: Vantorre Marc , Eloot Katrien , Delefortrie Guillaume , Lataire Evert , Candries Maxim , Verwilligen Jeroen 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The maneuvering characteristics are highly affected by the under‐keel clearance. In shallow water, the results of standard maneuvers reveal a decreased maneuverability and an increased straight‐line stability. This modified behavior is mainly to be ascribed to the modified flow around the hull, but also the control forces exerted by rudder and propeller are different compared to the deep‐water case. Besides the effect of vertical limitations, a ship navigating parallel to the horizontal boundaries of navigation areas will also experience the so‐called bank effects, that is, disturbing forces and moments due to the asymmetry of the flow around the hull.
In some harbors and their approach channels, the bottom is covered with a layer of fluid mud. This not only complicates bottom survey, but also affects a ship's propulsive performance and maneuvering due to the specific rheological properties of the mud layer and to the generation of internal waves in the interface between water and mud. Finally, different types of hydrodynamic interaction between ships may take place in restricted waters, due to encountering and overtaking maneuvers, the effect of passing ships on moored vessels, lightering operations, and ship–tug interactions.
Description of Ice Types and Ice Conditions
Authors: Frederking Robert 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIce forms in water bodies under the influence of climate, oceanography, and the geography of the surrounding land. It grows as a result of thermal processes and mechanical processes. First‐year level sea ice can grow thermally to a maximum thickness of about 2 and 2.5 m in extreme winters. Ice floes interacting with each other can build accumulations of broken ice, ridges, which can attain sail heights of 5 m and keel depths of 25 m, but are usually smaller. In some seas, the ice does not completely melt in summer and perennial accumulation of deformed multi‐year ice can reach thicknesses greater than 10 m. Large seasonal and interannular variations in ice are normal and superimposed on them are the effects of longer term climate changes. Different sea areas have varying combinations of these ice types throughout the year. The likely ice conditions encountered in various sea areas of interest for marine and offshore operations are described.
Ship Performance in Ice
Authors: Izumiyama Koh 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Ship performance in ice is described. When a ship proceeds in ice, the hull breaks and deflects ice. Reaction forces to the breaking and deflecting ice generate resistance. Performance in level ice is the most fundamental measure for performance of ice‐going ships. Level ice performance of a ship is described by an “
h–V
curve,” which is determined by the relation between net thrust and resistance. Bow forms are designed to enhance bending failure of ice to minimize ice resistance. Resistance in brash ice arises from deflecting ice by the ship hull. Brash ice is modeled as a Mohr–Coulomb type material in a resistance formula. When a ship turns in ice, pivoting motion of the ship is hindered by the ice edge of broken channel. Bow reamers create a wider channel to enhance turning capability. The advent of azimuthal thrusters has largely improved ship maneuverability in ice. Results of field measurements show that energy consumed by a ship to sail through a ridge is in proportion to the cross‐sectional area of the ridge.
Ship Registration
Authors: Wright David 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Ship Registration is the method of establishing the identity of a ship, its nationality, ownership, and compliance with internationally established standards of construction and operation. The legal criteria for these standards have evolved over time as ships and shipping commerce have evolved and generally as a result of lessons learned from shipping accidents. The standards are contained in International Conventions of the United Nations and its subsidiary body the International Maritime Organization. Ships that trade in international waters are required to be registered to a nation that is a member of the United Nations and has adopted the international shipping conventions into its national laws. The nation, or Flag State, is required to administer a register of the ships on its flag and establish the identity of each ship both physically and in the electro‐magnetic spectrum, the ship's owners, operational managers, and crew managers. It is also required to ensure its safety which includes its construction, equipment, and seaworthiness every aspect of its crew, including certification, training and qualifications and the correct operation of the ship. The Flag State must also ensure that the ship is properly equipped and surveyed while it is on the flag and must also investigate any accidents or mal‐operation. The International Conventions are the minimum standards that the Flag State can apply, and they are at liberty to require higher standards should it wish. There are benefits in operating a national shipping register and significant risks as well; it is also a crowded and competitive market and it should be noted that the many of the larger Flag States are small nations with relatively small populations, little industry and specialize in offering offshore services to multi‐national corporations. Such countries are known as Open Registers or Flags of Convenience. A key aspect of maintaining maritime safety and preventing environmental pollution from shipping is for Flag States to operate their shipping registers responsibly and identify the beneficial owners to ensure they are accountable for their ships.
Flag State Administrations
Authors: Bell Douglas 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The duties of a flag state are set out in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982. It formalized what had been the best practice for many years. It also states that there must be a genuine link between the ship and its flag state, this requirement has caused controversy. The structure of a maritime administration varies greatly from state to state, depending on the size of its fleet, the resources available, and the general structure of its government. Some states contract the administration of maritime affairs to a private company. Open registers in the modern sense developed following the introduction of prohibition in the United States; Panama was persuaded to allow non‐Panamanian nationals to register ships under its flag and thus allowed US companies, which registered their ships in Panama, to sell alcohol on those ships. The concept developed from there, until over half of the world's fleet is now registered under an open register administration. Safety concerns about the development of open registers are contradicted by statistics that show a steady decline in ship losses and the number of oil spills over recent decades.