bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family Trajectories Across Time and Space: Increasing Complexity in Family Life Courses in Europe?
Authors: Van Winkle Zachary 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFamily life courses are thought to have become more complex in Europe. This study uses SHARELIFE data from 14 European countries to analyze the family life courses of individuals born in 1924–1956 from ages 15 to 50. A new methodological approach, combining complexity metrics developed in sequence analysis with cross-classified multilevel modeling, is used to simultaneously quantify the proportions of variance attributable to birth cohort and country differences. This approach allows the direct comparison of changing levels of family trajectory differentiation across birth cohorts with cross-national variation, which provides a benchmark against which temporal change may be evaluated. The results demonstrate that family trajectories have indeed become more differentiated but that change over time is minor compared with substantial cross-national variation. Further, cross-national differences in family trajectory differentiation correspond with differences in dominant family life course patterns. With regard to debates surrounding the second demographic transition thesis and the comparative life course literature, the results indicate that the degree of change over time tends to be overstated relative to large cross-national differences.
Comparing Observed and Unobserved Components of Childhood: Evidence From Finnish Register Data on Midlife Mortality From Siblings and Their Parents
Authors: Kröger Hannes , Hoffmann Rasmus , Tarkiainen Lasse , Martikainen Pekka 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, we argue that the long arm of childhood that determines adult mortality should be thought of as comprising an observed part and its unobserved counterpart, reflecting the observed socioeconomic position of individuals and their parents and unobserved factors shared within a family. Our estimates of the observed and unobserved parts of the long arm of childhood are based on family-level variance in a survival analytic regression model, using siblings nested within families as the units of analysis. The study uses a sample of Finnish siblings born between 1936 and 1950 obtained from Finnish census data. Individuals are followed from ages 35 to 72. To explain familial influence on mortality, we use demographic background factors, the socioeconomic position of the parents, and the individuals’ own socioeconomic position at age 35 as predictors of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The observed part—demographic and socioeconomic factors, including region; number of siblings; native language; parents’ education and occupation; and individuals’ income, occupation, tenancy status, and education—accounts for between 10 % and 25 % of the total familial influence on mortality. The larger part of the influence of the family on mortality is not explained by observed individual and parental socioeconomic position or demographic background and thus remains an unobserved component of the arm of childhood. This component highlights the need to investigate the influence of childhood circumstances on adult mortality in a comprehensive framework, including demographic, social, behavioral, and genetic information from the family of origin.
Midlife cardiovascular health and 20‐year cognitive decline: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study results
Authors: González Hector M. , Tarraf Wassim , Harrison Kimystian , Windham B. Gwen , Tingle Jonathan , Alonso Alvaro , Griswold Michael , Heiss Gerardo , Knopman David , Mosley Thomas H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe aim was to examine associations between midlife cardiovascular health (CVH) and 20‐year cognitive decline among blacks and whites.MethodsMidlife CVH metrics (American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7) were calculated and examined in relation to midlife and 20‐year change in cognitive function among 13,270 whites and blacks from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Cohort Study. We used linear mixed models to estimate adjusted associations of midlife CVH with midlife cognitive status and change.ResultsHigher midlife (Life's Simple 7) scores and individual metrics, particularly blood pressure and glucose, were associated with better midlife cognition and reduced 20‐year decline. Midlife CVH 20‐year neuroprotection was more pronounced among whites than blacks.DiscussionBetter midlife CVH was associated with higher midlife and reduced decline in cognitive function 20 years later. However, the benefits of midlife CVH on cognition were stronger for whites than for blacks. Our findings suggest that improved midlife CVH may promote enduring cognitive health.
China's Legal Response to Trafficking in Wild Animals: The Relationship between International Treaties and Chinese Law
Authors: Chang Jiwen 
Published: December 2017

In China, the wild animals and animal products that are sold through illegal trafficking are mainly those that can be made into medicines; are raw materials in the form of ivory, rhinoceros horns, and turtle shells; and are edible or have ornamental value, such as birds, monkeys, turtles, and lizards. Due to its rapid economic development over the past decade, China has become one of the world's largest wildlife markets. The main reasons for trafficking are a lack of viable substitutes for raw materials used in traditional Chinese medicines (e.g., bear bile, bear bile powder, pangolin, and other products); a preference in traditional food culture for delicacies made from wildlife; and of the private consumption by some rich and corrupt government officials of tiger's meat, bear's paw, pangolin and other wild animal products—bear's paw and pangolin being the most popular. This type of wild animal trafficking endangers the safety of animal species protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and damages the international image of the government and people of China. Since 2013, under the frame of construction of ecological civilization, China has taken stricter measures on legislation, administrative enforcement, judicial adjudication, and international cooperation on prevention and punishment of illegal trafficking.
The contribution of behavioral economics to crisis management decision-making
Authors: Parnell John A. , Crandall William ‘Rick’ 
Published: December 2017

AbstractScholarly work in the field of crisis management has flourished in recent years with contributions from numerous disciplines, including strategic management, organizational behavior, public relations, risk management, and disaster management. However, the substantial and prospective applications from behavioral economics – from Herbert Simon to modern theorists – have yet to be systematically integrated into the literature. This paper presents a framework that categorizes applications from behavioral economics along three stages of the crisis management life cycle – crisis preparation, crisis action, and postcrisis. It provides insights for scholars and practitioners into the crisis decision-making process and outlines why ‘less-than-rational’ decision-making approaches often appear in crisis environments.
Contextualized indigenous entrepreneurial models: A systematic review of indigenous entrepreneurship literature
Authors: Croce Francesca 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGovernmental development strategies focus on entrepreneurship as a major resource for the economic development of indigenous peoples. While initiatives and programs are locally based, there is a debate in the academic literature about how contextual factors affect the identification of indigenous entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and integrate indigenous entrepreneurship literature to identify the main indigenous entrepreneurship models. Thus, a systematic literature review was conducted. In total, 25 relevant articles were identified in selected electronic databases and manual searches of Australian Business Deans Council ranked journals from January 1, 1995 to the end of 2016. Using a systematic analysis of sociocultural contexts and locations, the paper proposed that a typology of contextualized indigenous entrepreneurship models was possible, that were classified as urban, remote and rural. The parameters of these models, and their potential theoretical and practical applications to the study and practice of indigenous entrepreneurship ecosystems were also outlined.
The State of Matter in Simulations of Core-Collapse supernovae—Reflections and Recent Developments
Authors: Fischer Tobias , Bastian Niels-Uwe , Blaschke David , Cierniak Mateusz , Hempel Matthias , Klähn Thomas , Martínez-Pinedo Gabriel , Newton William G. , Röpke Gerd , Typel Stefan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this review article, we discuss selected developments regarding the role of the equation of state in simulations of core-collapse supernovae. There are no first-principle calculations of the state of matter under supernova conditions since a wide range of conditions is covered, in terms of density, temperature, and isospin asymmetry. Instead, model equation of state are commonly employed in supernova studies. These can be divided into regimes with intrinsically different degrees of freedom: heavy nuclei at low temperatures, inhomogeneous nuclear matter where light and heavy nuclei coexist together with unbound nucleons, and the transition to homogeneous matter at high densities and temperatures. In this article, we discuss each of these phases with particular view on their role in supernova simulations.
Remodelling of primary human CD4+T cell plasma membrane order byn-3 PUFA
Authors: Fan Yang-Yi , Fuentes Natividad R. , Hou Tim Y. , Barhoumi Rola , Li Xian C. , Deutz Nicolaas E. P. , Engelen Marielle P. K. J. , McMurray David N. , Chapkin Robert S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCell membrane fatty acids influence fundamental properties of the plasma membrane, including membrane fluidity, protein functionality, and lipid raft signalling. Evidence suggests that dietaryn-3 PUFA may target the plasma membrane of immune cells by altering plasma membrane lipid dynamics, thereby regulating the attenuation of immune cell activation and suppression of inflammation. As lipid-based immunotherapy might be a promising new clinical strategy for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, we conductedin vitroandin vivoexperiments to examine the effects ofn-3 PUFA on CD4+T cell membrane order, mitochondrial bioenergetics and lymphoproliferation.n-3 PUFA were incorporated into human primary CD4+T cells phospholipidsin vitroin a dose-dependent manner, resulting in a reduction in whole cell membrane order, oxidative phosphorylation and proliferation. At higher doses,n-3 PUFA induced unique phase separation in T cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles. Similarly, in a short-term human pilot study, supplementation of fish oil (4 gn-3 PUFA/d) for 6 weeks in healthy subjects significantly elevated EPA (20 : 5n-3) levels in CD4+T cell membrane phospholipids, and reduced membrane lipid order. These results demonstrate that the dynamic reshaping of human CD4+T cell plasma membrane organisation byn-3 PUFA may modulate down-stream clonal expansion.
« Les fondements de la liberté et de la civilisation » : le rapport Durham, les institutions municipales et le libéralisme
Authors: Morissette Benoît 
Published: December 2017

RésuméCet article propose une nouvelle lecture des recommandations formulées dans le rapport Durham au sujet de la création d'administrations municipales au Canada. Il situe le document dans le contexte des débats soulevés par les réformes constitutionnelles et administratives revendiquées en Grande-Bretagne durant les années 1830. Certaines analyses avancent que Durham s'appuyait sur la conception libérale de la municipalité, que leurs auteurs retrouvent dans les écrits de Jeremy Bentham et de John Stuart Mill. Elles en déduisent que le libéralisme réduit nécessairement la municipalité à une institution intégrée à un État centralisé et hiérarchisé. Cet article démontre que malgré certaines similarités avec le radicalisme philosophique, le rapport présente une conception des institutions municipales qui s'inscrit dans la doctrine de la constitution équilibrée, à laquelle souscrivaient alors les whigs réformistes comme Durham. Ce texte conclut que l’étude du rapport permet d'apprécier l'hétérogénéité de la conception de la municipalité produite par le libéralisme.
The value of the twinkling artefact for the diagnosis of sialolithiasis of the large salivary glands
Authors: Pabst G , Strobel K , Zehnder J 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjective:The imaging of stones in the salivary glands and ducts poses a challenge, even to experienced ultrasound examiners. This study investigated whether the ‘twinkling artefact’, which occurs at internal calcific foci during Doppler ultrasound examinations, is useful for detecting salivary gland stones.Methods:In a model test, 20 salivary stones were analysedin vitro, via Doppler ultrasound, with regard to their representability and the triggering of the twinkling artefact. In a follow-up study, 28 patients with sialolithiasis and food-related large salivary gland swellings were examined, using both power and colour Doppler modes, with regard to the twinkling artefact. All ultrasound examinations were performed by an experienced examiner and retrospectively graded by two experienced sonographers.Results:All stones could reliably be detected using the twinkling artefact in the model test. Twenty-seven of 28 salivary stones (96 per cent) also showed twinklingin vivo, during patient assessment. The power Doppler mode showed a significantly higher intensity level of twinkling than the colour Doppler mode (p< 0.0001).Conclusion:The twinkling artefact is a very reliable sign for the diagnosis of sialolithiasis. Power Doppler is superior to colour Doppler for detection of the twinkling artefact.
Three paths to more encompassing supplementary pensions
Authors: GELEPITHIS MARGARITA 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn pension systems characterized by low or moderate state benefits, reliance on voluntary private pensions creates a dualism of access to adequate retirement income. This dualism is expected to persist over time. Yet while some private-heavy pension systems continue to rely on dualising voluntarism, since the 1980s most have introduced regulatory reforms to make private pensions more encompassing. This paper uses fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis to identify three paths to the regulatory extension of private pension coverage – collective self-regulation, top-down regulation in Continental Europe, and top-down regulation in Anglophone countries. A case study of the UK then shows how it is that unions have been able to bring about more encompassing private pensions in Anglophone countries, despite strong employer opposition, weak formal influence in policymaking, and a weak institutional capacity for collective self-regulation.
THE ROLE OF ACOUSTIC CUES AND LISTENER PROFICIENCY IN THE PERCEPTION OF ACCENT IN NONNATIVE SOUNDS
Authors: Eger Nikola Anna , Reinisch Eva 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe speech of second language learners is often influenced by phonetic patterns of their first language. This can make them difficult to understand, but sometimes for listeners of the same first language to a lesser extent than for native listeners. The present study investigates listeners’ awareness of the accent by asking whether accented speech is not only more intelligible but also moreacceptableto nonnative than native listeners. English native speakers and German learners rated the goodness of words spoken by other German learners. Production quality was determined by measuring acoustic differences between minimal pairs with “easy” versus “difficult” sounds. Higher proficient learners were more sensitive to differences in production quality and between easy and difficult sounds, patterning with native listeners. Lower proficient learners did not perceive such differences. Perceiving accented productions as good instances of L2 words may hinder development because the need for improvement may not be obvious.
Local Hölder estimates for non-uniformly variable exponent elliptic equations in divergence form
Authors: Yao Fengping 
Published: December 2017

In this paper we obtain the local Hölder regularity of the gradients of weak solutions for a class of non-uniformly nonlinear variable exponent elliptic equations in divergence formincluding the following special modelunder some proper assumptions on Ai and the Hölder continuous functions f, pi(x) for i = 1, 2.
Social determinants of household food expenditure in Australia: the role of education, income, geography and time
Authors: Venn Danielle , Dixon Jane , Banwell Cathy , Strazdins Lyndall 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine socio-economic status (SES) and time-related factors associated with less healthy food purchases in Australia.DesignData were from the 2009/10 Household Expenditure Survey (HES) conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the proportion of the household food budget spent on various food types (processed and unprocessed foods, foods purchased from takeaways and restaurants) and SES and time constraint variables.SettingAustralia, 2009–2010.SubjectsNationally representative sample of Australian households.ResultsHousehold income seems to be the most important correlate with food expenditure patterns once other SES indicators are controlled for. Time constraints appear to explain some, but not all, of the adjusted SES gradients in food expenditure. Comparing home food consumption categories (processed and unprocessed foods) with foods purchased away from home (takeaway and restaurant foods) shows that wealthier, more highly educated and least disadvantaged households spend relatively less of their total food budget on processed and unprocessed foods prepared at home and more on foods purchased away from home at restaurants.ConclusionsSimple SES gradients in dietary behaviour are influenced by correlations between different SES indicators and between SES and time constraints. Examining these factors separately obscures some of the possible causal effects of disadvantage on healthy eating. When formulating policy responses to unhealthy diets, policy makers should consider alternative sources of disadvantage, including time pressure.
Aspects of Nationalist Propaganda in the Late Nineteenth-Century Romanian Musical Press
Authors: Popa Florinela 
Published: December 2017

In the last decades of the nineteenth century, two widely different attitudes regarding local music were evident in the Romanian musical press. One viewpoint had an obviously nationalist character, and was manifested in an apologetic idealization of Romanian music – especially folklore – but also in calls for the improvement of composition and performance in the local music scene. The other attitude revealed a pronounced inferiority complex connected to everything that contemporary Romanian music represented. This was manifested especially in the (sometimes harsh) criticism of Romanian musical life, and in a hostile position towards or ignorance of Romanian musicians, composers or interpreters, except when they attained success and recognition abroad – and sometimes not even then. The two extreme attitudes are not mutually exclusive, but complement each other; essentially, they can be seen to be in a cause–effect relationship.These two faces of nationalist propaganda are reflected by publications such as Lyra română – foaie musicală şi literară, a weekly magazine published between 2 December 1879 and 31 October 1880, and România musicală, which appeared twice a month between 1 March 1890 and 28 December 1904.
Effect of some botanicals and table salt against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on stored field pea (Pisum sativum L.) grain
Authors: Zekarias Elias , Haile Adugna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Storage pests cause considerable damage to stored grains in Eritrea. A study on storage pest control was conducted at room temperature (25 °C) and 57% relative humidity, to evaluate the efficacy of botanicals and sodium chloride (table salt) against Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman on field pea (Pisum sativum L.). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications. The treatments used were: neem (Azadirachta indica), red pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil, datura (Datura stramonium L.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill), table salt (sodium chloride) and a control without pesticide. Data collected were weight loss, damage percent and germination percent of field pea grain, and also adult mortality of Z. subfasciatus. Rates of application for all the treatments were 3% w/w and an untreated control. Results of the study showed that E. globulus leaf powder caused 88.89% mortality of Z. subfasciatus and sesame oil caused 100% mortality, three days after treatment. The other treatments were less effective in causing mortality of the insect. After five months of storage, the lowest weight loss was observed in grain treated with sesame oil (1.81%) and neem (4.02%) compared with the control that had 16.68% loss. Grain weight loss was 7.45% for treatment with table salt, 8.11% for eucalyptus, 9.62% for red pepper and 15.29% for datura. Grain damage and weight loss increased as storage time increased. Moreover, these plant materials and table salt had no effect on the germination capacity of field pea. In general, the results obtained indicate that these plant materials and table salt can be used for the control of Z. subfasciatus.
Institutional interconnections: understanding symbiotic relationships
Authors: VON JACOBI NADIA 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInstitutions are the driving features of economic and human development. Together with other social structures they influence the trajectories of societal change. Such factors are however tightly connected and should not be analysed in isolation but considered as interdependent with each other. This study contributes to the understanding of interconnections among institutions and other structural factors by focusing on two features: the manifold nature of linkages and the possibility of relations being asymmetric. An analogy tosymbiotic relationships, common in ecology, serves as inspiration for an innovative methodological strategy to empirically study multiple interconnections. Focusing on the Brazilian municipality level, the study includes 54 structural factors in a correlation network. Empirical results include the identification ofcentroids, meaning most connected factors, which tend to gain or lose importance at higher levels of municipal development; and the identification of positive asymmetric relationships between structural factors, which may inform on system dynamics.
A new species ofOrthobittacus(Mecoptera, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia (China)
Authors: Kopeć Katarzyna , Krzemiński Wiesław , Soszyńska-Maj Agnieszka , Cao Yizi , Ren Dong 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe genusOrthobittacuswas established by Willmann (1989) and is characterised by a long Sc vein and the unusually developed medial sector for the Bittacidae. Four Jurassic species have been described in this genus to date:O. abshiricus(Martynova, 1951) from Kirgizia;O.desacuminatus(Bode, 1953) from Braunschweig (Germany);O. polymitusNovokshonov, 1996 from Karatau (Kazakhstan); andO. maculosusLiu, Shih, Bashkuev & Ren, 2016 from the Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou (China). The fifth congeneric and second species from China,O. sunisp. nov., is described herein. The importance of the genusOrthobittacusfor the phylogeny of Bittacidae, as the most plesiomorphic genus, is discussed.