bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of dexamethasone sparing for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antiemesis 2023 from Japan Society of Clinical Oncology
Authors: Nakashima Kazuhisa , Yokomizo Ayako , Murakami Michiyasu , Okita Kenji , Wada Makoto , Iino Keiko , Akechi Tatsuo , Iihara Hirotoshi , Imamura Chiyo K. , Okuyama Ayako , Ozawa Keiko , Kim Yong-il , Sasaki Hidenori , Satomi Eriko , Takeda Masayuki , Tanaka Ryuhei , Nakajima Takako Eguchi , Nakamura Naoki , Nishimura Junichi , Noda Mayumi , Hayashi Kazumi , Higashi Takahiro , Boku Narikazu , Matsumoto Koji , Matsumoto Yoko , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Aogi Kenjiro , Abe Masakazu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Palonosetron, a second-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (5-HT3RA), is more effective than first-generation 5-HT3RA. Several studies have investigated whether dexamethasone (DEX), when combined with palonosetron as a 5-HT3RA, can be spared in the delayed phase after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). In this systematic review, we aimed to determine which between 1- and 3-day DEX administration, when combined with palonosetron, is more useful in patients receiving MEC.
Methods
The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ichushi-Web databases were searched for relevant studies published between 1990 and 2020. We included studies that compared the efficacy of 1- and 3-day DEX administration in preventing nausea and vomiting associated with MEC. Outcomes were “prevention of vomiting (complete response rate and no vomiting rate),” “prevention of nausea” (complete control rate, total control rate, no nausea rate, and no clinically significant nausea rate)” in the delayed phase, “prevention of blood glucose level elevation,” and “prevention of osteoporosis.”
Results
Eight studies were included in this systematic review. The no vomiting rate was significantly higher in the 3-day DEX group than in the 1-day DEX group. However, the other efficacy items did not significantly differ between the two groups. Meanwhile, insufficient evidence was obtained for “prevention of blood glucose level elevation” and “prevention of osteoporosis.”
Conclusions
No significant differences in most antiemetic effects were found between 1- and 3-day DEX administration. Thus, DEX administration could be shortened from 3 days to 1 day when used in combination with palonosetron.
Dissecting biological heterogeneity in major depressive disorder based on neuroimaging subtypes with multi-omics data
Authors: Wang Fei , Tang Lili , Tang Rui , Dong Shuai , Zheng Junjie , Zhao Pengfei , Zhang Xizhe , Zhu Rongxin , Tang Yanqing , Gong Xiaohong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The heterogeneity of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has been increasingly recognized, challenging traditional symptom-based diagnostics and the development of mechanism-targeted therapies. This study aims to identify neuroimaging-based MDD subtypes and dissect their predominant biological characteristics using multi-omics data.
Method
A total of 807 participants were included in this study, comprising 327 individuals with MDD and 480 healthy controls (HC). The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), a functional neuroimaging feature, was extracted for each participant and used to identify MDD subtypes through machine learning clustering. Multi-omics data, including profiles of genetic, epigenetics, metabolomics, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, were obtained. Comparative analyses of multi-omics data were conducted between each MDD subtype and HC to explore the molecular underpinnings involved in each subtype.
Results
We identified three neuroimaging-based MDD subtypes, each characterized by unique ALFF pattern alterations compared to HC. Multi-omics analysis showed a strong genetic predisposition for Subtype 1, primarily enriched in neuronal development and synaptic regulation pathways. This subtype also exhibited the most severe depressive symptoms and cognitive decline compared to the other subtypes. Subtype 2 is characterized by immuno-inflammation dysregulation, supported by elevated IL-1β levels, altered epigenetic inflammatory measures, and differential metabolites correlated with IL-1β levels. No significant biological markers were identified for Subtype 3.
Conclusion
Our results identify neuroimaging-based MDD subtypes and delineate the distinct biological features of each subtype. This provides a proof of concept for mechanism-targeted therapy in MDD, highlighting the importance of personalized treatment approaches based on neurobiological and molecular profiles.
Early Predictive nomogram of Ventricular Fibrillation after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction using LASSO-Logistic regression
Authors: Liu Jianghong , Fan Jihong , Sun Huina , Liu Ruifeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a serious complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) that can occur after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to identify early predictors of VF and develop a nomogram to predict VF risk in this patient population.
Methods
This single-center retrospective cohort study included 162 AMI patients who underwent PCI at Beijing Friendship Hospital between 2018 and present. Patients were divided into VF and non-VF groups (1:3 matched) based on the occurrence of VF after PCI. Baseline demographics, medical history, laboratory results, medications, and in-hospital outcomes were compared between groups. LASSO regression analysis, followed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression, identified predictors of VF. A nomogram incorporating significant predictors was constructed and validated using ROC curve analysis, calibration curves, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test.
Results
Significant differences in baseline characteristics (Table 1A), clinical data including coagulation parameters and complications (Table 1B), and in-hospital prognoses (Table 1C) were observed between VF and non-VF groups. LASSO regression analysis identified key predictors, and multivariable analysis confirmed diabetes, metabolic acidosis, anemia, hypokalemia, and ventricular premature beats as independent predictors of VF (Table 2). The nomogram incorporating these factors showed excellent discrimination (AUC = 0.942, 95% CI: 0.882-1.000) and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test p = 0.898).
Conclusion
This study identified several readily available clinical parameters as independent predictors of VF in AMI patients undergoing PCI. The developed nomogram based on these predictors showed promising predictive accuracy and calibration, potentially assisting clinicians in early risk stratification and guiding proactive management strategies to improve outcomes in this high-risk population.
Minimally Invasive Approach to Managing Brachiocephalic Trunk Cannulation Complicating Central Venous Catheterization: A Case Report
Authors: Deng Haihui , Chen Bin , Peng Deti , Pang Fuwen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Central venous catheterization, crucial for device insertion, monitoring, medication, and fluid resuscitation, commonly uses the subclavian, internal jugular, and femoral veins. Despite its general safety, complications like arterial puncture can be life-threatening, requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Case presentation
A 74-year-old woman with a cerebral infarction underwent right subclavian vein catheterization. The catheter was mistakenly placed in the brachiocephalic trunk, with its tip in the ascending aorta, as confirmed by computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography. Due to high surgical risks, catheter replacement was chosen instead of surgery or endovascular treatment. One month after the initial placement, the catheter was replaced with a smaller one, and another month later, it was removed without complications. Follow-up scans showed no leakage, and the patient’s vitals remained stable. Three months later, no abnormalities were observed.
Conclusion
This case demonstrates the effective use of a catheter replacement technique as a minimally invasive repair method when other options are impractical. Ultrasound guidance is also recommended to improve the procedure's accuracy and safety.
Altered brain dynamic functional network connectivity in heavy smokers
Authors: Qiu Xianxin , Wu Guangyao , Zhu Ling , Lin Fuchun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Cigarette smoking is associated with altered static functional connectivity, however, studies on functional connectivity dynamics may provide new insightful perspectives for understanding the neural mechanisms of smoking addiction. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) in heavy smokers. DFNC analysis based on sliding window approach and k-means clustering was performed to the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 34 heavy smokers and 36 healthy non-smokers. The between-group differences in temporal properties of dFNC states were assessed, followed by a correlation analysis of these differences with smoking-related factors in heavy smokers. Compared to non-smokers, heavy smokers showed a lower occurrence rate and mean dwell time in state 2, characterized by negative connectivity between the default-mode network and the other networks. Heavy smokers also had a trend toward higher occurrence rate and mean dwell time in state 1, characterized by global weak connectivity. Network-based statistics identified cognitive control and cerebellar domains played an important role in the impaired subnetworks. Correlation analyses demonstrated that in heavy smokers, both the occurrence rate and the mean dwell time were negatively associated with the duration of smoking in state 2, characterized by high connectivity within the sensory domains. Our findings suggest that dFNC abnormalities in heavy smokers may become new neuroimaging biomarkers and provide a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of smoking addiction.
Retrospective, single center evaluation of perineal prostate biopsy omitting antibiotic prophylaxis and omitting periinterventional screening for bacteriuria
Authors: Leboutte Francois , Schykowski Tim , de Plas Jeroen van , Lemmer Oscar , Neisius Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The pursuit of effective and safe early detection methods for prostate cancer has led to advancements in non-invasive tools, yet the annual performance of one million prostate biopsies in the EU underscores the challenges. The transperineal approach, recommended by the EAU, offers reduced infectious complications compared to transrectal biopsies. The role of antibiotic prophylaxis in transperineal biopsies remains ambiguous, necessitating investigation due to concerns about antibiotic resistance and the impact on public health.
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed 636 patients who underwent transperineal prostate biopsies between January 2019 and August 2020. The primary endpoint was postinterventional infectious complications, with secondary endpoints including the general complication rate and associated risk factors.
Results
Among the cohort (median age 68), 12 complications were recorded, yielding a 1.9% complication rate. Infectious complications requiring hospitalization and antibiotic treatment occurred in 1.1% of cases. No identified risk factors were associated with infectious complications or post-interventional bleeding. Complications included gross hematuria, urinary retention requiring catheterization, and one case necessitating intensive care. Notably, the cohort did not systematically screen for bacteriuria, and patients with high risk for complications were not excluded. The complication rate appeared lower than reported for transrectal biopsies with antibiotic prophylaxis.
Conclusion
This study supports the safety of omitting antibiotic prophylaxis in transperineal prostate biopsies, showcasing a minimal infectious complication rate. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on antibiotic stewardship, emphasizing the need for judicious use to mitigate resistance.
Aortic Angulation Distribution and Effects on the Outcome and Complications of Self-expanding Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Li Ruitao , Yu Yuanyuan , Xiong Tianyuan , Chen Fei , Zhao Zhengang , Chen Zhicheng , He Qianbei , Yu Zhixiang , Li Yijian , Feng Yuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the effect of aortic angulation (AA) on clinical outcomes and related complications in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with self-expanding (SE) valve.
Background
AA is defined as the angle between the horizontal plane on the coronal plane and the plane of the aortic valve annulus, and is an important anatomical factor in TAVR. Whether AA affects the early clinical outcomes and complications in SE-TAVR procedure is still controversial.
Methods and Results
This was a retrospective cohort study of 519 consecutive patients who underwent SE-TAVR in our center from January 2016 to January 2021.The range of AA in patients undergoing SE-TAVR in this study was 25°~ 93°, with an average angle of 55.4 ± 9.7°. There was a statistically significant difference in technique success between AA ≤ 55° and AA > 55° group (87.3% vs. 79.1%, P = 0.011), which was mainly due to the proportion of second-valve implantation was implanted during TAVR (8.8% vs. 19.6%, P < 0.001). Among patients with TAV, those with an AA > 55°were more likely to require second-valve implantation compared to those with an AA ≤ 55° (8.8% vs. 29.8%, P < 0.001), whereas this trend did not show significant statistical differences among patients with BAV (9.6% vs. 7.3%, P = 0.345).
Conclusions
Larger angulation of aortic valve has significant lower technique success of TAVR which was mainly due to increasing of second-valve implantation events in SE-TAVR patients. AA mainly affects the incidence of second-valve implantation during SE-TAVR in TAV group, rather than BAV group.
Lactobacillus paracasei ZJUZ2-3 suppresses gastric tumorigenesis by inhibiting NF-κB pathway via metabolite 3-IAA
Authors: Yang Rui , Yang Yan , Wu Lin , He Kaikai , Bi Dexi , Teng Lisong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Lactobacillus paracasei is known to confer health benefits to human and has been found depleted in gastric tumor tissues. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential role of this bacterium as a prophylactic for gastric cancer (GC).
METHODS: Isolation of L. paracasei from normal gastric tissues followed by whole genome sequencing was conducted. Antitumor effects of a L. paracasei isolate and its tumor-suppressive metabolite were assessed with gastric cancer cell lines and cell line-derived xenograft models.
RESULTS: We validated that L. paracasei was depleted in GC tumor tissues in a cohort of 90 patients. A L. paracasei strain ZJUZ2-3 was then isolated. Intratumoral injection of ZJUZ2-3 suppressed GC tumourigenesis in nude mice. Coincubation with ZJUZ2-3 or its conditioned medium inhibited the proliferation of GC cells. But heat-killed ZJUZ2-3 lost the tumor-suppressive effect. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was identified as a ZJUZ2-3-derieved metabolite mediating the antitumor effect. IAA inhibited proliferation and colony formation of GC cells as well as subcutaneous tumor growth in nude mice. Mechanically, as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligand, IAA activated AHR, which could competitively bind MTDH to inhibit its phosphorylation, thus inhibiting nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) signaling pathway in GC cells. Consistently, inhibition or knockdown of AHR abolished the antitumor effect of IAA.
CONCLUSION: L. paracasei ZJUZ2-3 inhibit GC proliferation and may be used as adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer. The tumor-suppressive effect is mediated by its metabolite IAA.
Reliability and Reproducibility of CBCT Assessment of craniomaxillary Changes Before and After Treatment for Class III Growing Patients – An convenient and intuitively Way for Evaluation
Authors: Hu XiaoYing , Gary Shun Pan Cheung , Zhang YiYang , Sun RuoNan , Dong Fusheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate reliability and reproducibility of 3-dimensional (3D) assessment of maxillary protraction treatment using voxel-based superimposition of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) models of the anterior cranial base in growing patients with skeletal class III malocclusion.
Methods
CBCT scans were performed before and after maxillary protraction treatment for Class III malocclusion. Three observers independently constructed 162(27*2*3) 3D virtual models from CBCT scans, which had been reoriented 3D models before treatment to natural head posture, of 27 patients in software. The anterior cranial base was used to register the 3D models pre- and port- treatment. Three observers independently identified 9 landmarks(Including those in the contralateral side)and recorded in three-dimensional coordinates in the 3D models. Each observers performed this three times on the pre- and post-treatment model. The mean value of the 3 sets of coordinates at different times was taken as the coordinates for each landmark. The intraobserver reliability and inter-observer reproducibility of the method for craniomaxillary changes were analyzed.
Results
The ICCs was > 0.90 for 25 (92.6%) out of the total 27 intraobserver assessments. The precision of the measurement method was within 0.3 mm in 21 (77.8%) cases. The interobserver reproducibility errors were < 0.3 mm in 21 of the 27 cases (77.8%).
Conclusions
The reliability and reproducibility of the method for assessment of maxillary protraction treatment in growing patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion were judged to be excellent.
Coke Zero for the Zero: A randomized controlled trial examining Coke Zero consumption on night call inpatient course and mortality
Authors: Kwan Yu Heng , Tang Haoming , Qi Lihua , Yap Angela Frances Hui Wen , Yan Linxuan , Li Yi Xin , Lee Andrea Zhe Ern , Fong Antoinette Shui Wen , Chan Yarn Kit , Low Feng Yi , Sum Charmaine Wai Yan , Seng Benjamin Jun Jie , Yoon Sungwon , Østbye Truls , Gan Sheryl Shien Wen , Lee Haur Yueh , Fong Warren 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE
Coca-Cola and Cola-Cola Zero Sugar are commonly consumed beverages by healthcare professionals. Medical superstitions abound about whether Cola-Cola Zero sugar consumption affects night call outcomes. The current study aimed to determine whether Coca-Cola Zero Sugar, compared to regular Coca-Cola, is associated with any differences in inpatient admissions and mortality of patients on night calls.
METHODS
A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Division of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore involving junior doctors from January 2024 to February 2024.The primary outcome was the number of ward admissions under the night call doctor’s care. Secondary outcomes involved the number of inpatient deaths, high-dependency or intensive care admissions, the number of hours slept by the doctor, the number of steps walked by the doctor, and the level of sleepiness of the doctor on call.
RESULTS
203 participants consented and were randomized (44.9%). The data of 198 participants were included for analysis (97.5%). No significant differences were detected in the number of ward admissions between the Coca-Cola Zero Sugar group and the regular Coca-Cola group. For secondary outcomes, a significant difference was present between the two groups in the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale score (p-value = 0.0413). Other secondary outcomes did not demonstrate significant differences between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
No convincing evidence was present to support the consumption of Coca-Cola Zero Sugar versus the regular Coca-Cola had significant differences in the number of inpatient admissions and mortality in night call duties.
Predictive role of exteroceptive and interoceptive bodily dimensions to schizotypal personality traits
Authors: Pasciucco Maria Rosaria , Perrucci Mauro Gianni , Croce Pierpaolo , Costantini Marcello , Ferri Francesca 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The phenomenological approach to schizophrenia emphasizes the role of bodily experiences in the onset and manifestation of positive, negative and disorganized psychotic symptoms. According to the dimensional approach to psychosis, there exists a continuum ranging from individuals with low levels of schizotypy to diagnosed schizophrenia patients, with schizotypy encompassing positive-like, negative-like, and disorganized-like symptoms of schizophrenia. Empirical evidence suggests that along this continuum, both exteroceptive (external sensory) and interoceptive (internal bodily) dimensions might be distorted. Understanding the contribution of these bodily dimensions in the manifestation of psychotic symptoms, even in schizotypy, might help target early interventions for individuals at risk of developing psychotic disorders. This study investigated the potential contribution of exteroceptive and interoceptive bodily dimensions to schizotypal personality traits, such as cognitive-perceptual traits (positive-like symptoms), interpersonal traits (negative-like symptoms), and disorganization traits (disorganized-like symptoms). Partial Least Squares Regression was used to integrate several bodily dimensions to understand their impact on schizotypy, revealing specific and non-specific contributions of exteroceptive and interoceptive dimensions to different traits. The findings indicate that exteroceptive bodily dimensions generally predicted all schizotypal traits, with specific associations to positive-like symptoms, while interoceptive dimensions mostly predicted interpersonal-like and disorganized-like symptoms. These results suggest a difference in how exteroceptive and interoceptive bodily dimensions contribute to the three schizotypal traits. This highlights specific aspects of interoceptive and exteroceptive body representations that could serve as targets for early intervention. Particularly, interoception emerges as a potential prodromal marker, suggesting that early intervention in this area could be crucial.
Multifactor nomogram predicts bone metastasis in patients initially diagnosed with prostate cancer
Authors: Wu Mao , Liu Ji , Gao Shang , Ye Jinghe , Li Shilin , Liu Hongtao , Li Tian Ren 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the correlation between prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD), Cystatin C (CysC), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), and bone metastasis in initially diagnosed prostate cancer patients, and to develop a predictive nomogram model.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 208 newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients, divided into a modeling group (146 cases) and a validation group (62 cases). Logistic regression analyses identified independent risk factors for bone metastasis, which were used to construct a nomogram. Model accuracy was assessed using AUC and calibration curves.
Results
Gleason score (GLS), PSAD, CysC, fibrinogen (FIB), SII, and pelvic lymph node metastasis were identified as independent risk factors for bone metastasis (OR > 1, P < 0.05). The model showed an AUC of 0.897 (95% CI: 0.845–0.948) in the modeling group and 0.840 (95% CI: 0.741–0.940) in the validation group.
Conclusion
PSAD, CysC, SII, FIB, GLS, and pelvic lymph node metastasis are significant risk factors for bone metastasis in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients. The nomogram model can assist in clinical diagnosis, especially in hospitals lacking bone scanning equipment. This study aimed to explore the clinical correlation among PSAD, CysC, SII, and bone metastasis in initial prostate cancer patients. Additionally, a nomogram incorporating relevant risk factors was developed.