bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of Confirm Applications for Codling Moth Control, 1995
Authors: Steenwyk R. A. Van , Fouche C. F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted on mature ‘Bartlett’ pear trees in a commercial orchard near Fairfield, Calif. Five treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design. Each replicate consisted of an individual tree. Three Confirm application timings (100, 200 and 300 degree days (DD)) were applied after the beginning of each CM flight and were compared to Guthion at 200 DD and an untreated control. DD were calculated with a 2 Apr biofix for the first generation and 25 Jun biofix for the second generation using a single sine horizontal cutoff model with a lower threshold of 50° F and upper threshold of 88° F and with air temperature from the IMPACT weather station in Cordelia. Treatments were applied with a handgun orchard sprayer operating at 200 psi and delivering 400 gal/acre of finished spray (3.85 gal/tree). Control of the first CM generation was evaluated on 13 Jun by inspecting 50 fruit from the bottom of the tree canopy and 50 fruit from the top of the tree canopy per replicate. Control of the second CM generation was evaluated at commercial harvest on 24 Jul by inspecting 125 fruit from the bottom of the tree canopy and 125 fruit from the top of the tree canopy per replicate.
Spanworm Control, 1995
Authors: Collins J. A. , Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Materials were applied on 1 Jun for middle instar BS larval control to 75- by 75-ft plots in a bearing blueberry field at Jonesboro, Maine. There was 1 replication of each treatment, applied at a rate of 20 gpa using a CIMA P55D Atomizer Low Volume sprayer mounted on a Agco Allis 6670 tractor operating at 40 psi and driven at 1.8 mph. At treatment, plants were ca. 90% loose cluster and 10% bloom. On sample dates indicated in table, 4 sets of 10 sweeps were taken in each plot and at least 25 ft from plot boundaries, with a standard 12-inch sweep net. The larvae were counted and then released over the same plot. No unusual weather conditions were noted during this test; 0.70 inches of rainfall were recorded on 8 Jun and 0.98 inches on 15 Jun.
Grasshopper Control, 1995
Authors: Collins J. A. , Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Materials were applied on 22 Jun for control of nymphs of various grasshopper species to 75- by 75-ft plots in a pruned blueberry field at Jonesboro, Maine. There was 1 replication of each treatment, applied at a rate of 20 gpa using a CIMA P55D Atomizer Low Volume sprayer mounted on a Agco Allis 6670 tractor operating at 40 psi and driven at 1.8 mph. At treatment, plants were 3 to 4 inches tall. On sample dates indicated in table, 3 sets of 10 sweeps were taken in each plot with a standard 12-inch sweep net. The nymphs were counted and then released over the same plot. Conditions were dry throughout the test; no measurable rainfall was recorded.
Maggot Control, 1995
Authors: Collins J. A. , Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Materials were applied on 26 Jul to 75- by 75-ft plots in a bearing blueberry field at Jonesboro, Maine. There was 1 replication of each treatment, applied at a rate of 20 gpa using a CIMA P55D Atomizer Low Volume sprayer mounted on a Agco Allis 6670 tractor operating at 40 psi and driven at 1.8 mph. At treatment, 30 to 40% of the berries were ripening and turning blue. On 10 Aug, 1 qt of berries was raked from each of 6 systematically selected areas within each treated and untreated area and at least 20-ft from plot boundaries. Berries were refrigerated and processed within 3 d by boiling the berries and extracting the maggots from the pulp. Temperatures in July were generally warm with less than adequate rainfall.
Control of Blueberry Maggot on Blueberries, 1995
Authors: Polavarapu S. , Polk D. F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted in a ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry field in full production, near Whitesbog, NJ. Blueberry bushes were approximately 5 ft tall and spaced 9 X 4 ft apart. Treatments were applied to 108 ft X 275 ft plots with a Rears 50 gal airblast sprayer at 140 psi, calibrated to deliver 60 gal of spray solution per acre. There was a single replication of each treatment. Four unsprayed rows (36 ft) along the length (108 ft) and 12 unsprayed bushes (48 ft) along the width (275 ft) served as buffers between treatments. Insecticides were applied once on 3 Jul, 14 days after the first BBM fly capture in Pherocon AM traps. Samples of ripe blueberries were harvested on 14 Jul from each of the 12 rows in each treatment (12 samples/treatment). Berries were collected from the top, middle, and bottom third of each bush in a row. From each sample, a 1 -pt sub-sample was cooked and the fruit pulp filtered through a screen mesh and thoroughly checked for BBM larvae.
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Cranberry Rootworm, 1995
Authors: Polavarapu S. , Schiffhauer D. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides for the control of CRW were evaluated on a bed of ‘Ben Lear’ cranberries near Chatsworth, NJ. Soil type at this site was sandy loam with a pH of 4.0. Treatment plots were 6-ft by 6-ft arranged in a CRD. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. A buffer strip of cranberries at least 1-m wide was maintained around each plot. Diazinon 14G was applied by spreading the granules evenly by hand. Liquid formulations were sprayed targeting the ground with a CO2 pressurized Model T backpack sprayer (R & D sprayers) equipped with a single TeeJet nozzle (8002 VS). The sprayer was operated at 35 PSI and calibrated to deliver 300 gpa of finished spray. Treatments were applied once on 13 May. Plots were irrigated immediately following insecticide treatments with approximately 1 inch of water. Population density of CRW was assessed by examining 4 randomly selected 1-ft2 by 4-inch deep areas from each replicate for larval stages. Pre-treatment estimates were made 8-10 May and post-treatment counts 5-7 Jun.
Flea Beetle Control on Broccoli, Ft. Collins, Co, 1995
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Sclar D. Casey , Spriggs Aaron , Bishop Jason 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Colorado State University Department of Horticulture Field Research Center, Ft. Collins, CO. Plots were established 13 May by use of transplants, with an 18-inch in-row spacing. Individual plots were single row, 20-ft in length, arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied 27 June and 17 July using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 15 gal/A at 45 psi. Food sprays (Good Bug Power Meal) were applied with a hand pump mister on 27 June, 5 July, 13 July and 24 July to cover the plants. Diatomaceous earth (Organic Plus Crawling Insect Killer) was applied 27 June, 4 July, and 17 July. Treatments were hand applied on the first two applications; the use of a Chapin Duster was utilized better to cover foliage on the latter treatment. Evaluations were made by counting all flea beetles on 6 sequential plants in the center of each plot.
Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1995
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Roberts C. H. , Mullins C. A. , Straw R. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set on 8 Aug at the Plateau Experiment Station, Crossville. Plants were set 12 inches apart in 15 ft rows, and rows were on 3 ft centers. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys. Soil type was classified as Lily silt loam with pH 6.2. Insecticide applications were made using a 2.5 gal compressed CO2 hand sprayer calibrated to spray 80 gal/acre at 40 psi on 29 Aug, 12 and 27 Sep. CS-7 was added to both Confirm treatments. There were equal numbers of cabbage looper (CL) and imported cabbage worm (ICW) larvae on all treatments and evaluation dates. Larvae were counted on 10 heads on 6, 11 and 18 Aug. Leaf damage ratings (0 - no evident damage; 10 = 100% of leaves damaged) were made on 19 Sep. Number of damaged heads/ 10 plants were counted on 9 Oct. Number of marketable heads was determined on 18 Oct. All data were subjected to ANOVA.
Control of Flea Beetles on Cabbage, 1995
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 13 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 18-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in an RCB design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips, and delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply two applications of each treatment. Javelin at 1.0 lb/acre was added to Admire, Cygon and the check treatments to control Lepidoptera. Bond sticker-spreader was applied at 0.1% v/v with all treatments. Admire was applied on only 7 Jul. Other treatments were applied on 26 Jul, 2 Aug. Evaluations for flea beetles were made on 7 Aug. Evaluations were made by randomly selecting three plants per plot and visually counting flea beetles. A two-way ANOVA was used for analysis of flea beetles using replicate totals. In addition to flea beetle counts, damage ratings were taken to compare Admire to the control. The other treatments were not compared as they were applied after the appearance of flea beetles and thus already had some damage. The damage ratings (intensity of injury) were made on a scale of 0 (no damage) to 4 (severely injured) on similarly positioned leaves on 4 different plants per replication.
Evaluation of Bacillus Thuringiensis Insecticides Against Dbm, 1994
Authors: Mau R.F.L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Dart K. , Shimabuku R. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The insecticide was evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from October to December. The field was set up in a RCB design with six treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot measured 70 ft. by 7.5 ft. It consisted of four rows of cabbage on 36 in. centers and 18 in. in-row spacing. Adjacent rows were offset to allow equidistant plant spacing between rows. Treatments were applied using a tractor mounted with a PTO driven spray pump equipped with a 30 ft boom. The boom was set with three banks of hollow cone nozzles (TX-26, Spraying Systems) that coincided with row spacing. Each group of nozzles had its own line from the main tank; therefore, spray output to specific treatment plots could be easily controlled by the sprayer operator. Sprays were applied at 100 psi at a rate of 150 gpa. Applications were made at 3- to 4-day intervals according to DBM larval egg densities observed during the prior bi-weekly insect survey. Applications were made on 6, 10, 13, 17, 20, 27, 31 Oct; 3, 7. 10, 14, 17, 24 Nov; 1 and 5 Dec for a total of 15 applications. Post-treatment evaluations were conducted on bi-weekly intervals. Ten plants were randomly selected from each treatment plot and carefully examined for immatures.
Effect of Treatment Timing on Control of Larval Striped Cucumber Beetle Injury to Cantaloupe Fruit, 1996
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Schweissing Frank 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted at the Arkansas Valley Research Center, Rocky Ford, CO. Cantaloup ‘PMR-45’ was seeded 31 May to 60-inch rows and individual plots consisted of five, 27-ft rows. Insecticides were applied on three dates (29 Jul, 8 Aug, 18 Aug) with the first applications made to coincide with the onset of small fruit. Applications were made using a hand-operated compressed air sprayer delivering 8 gal/A. Evaluations were conducted 27 Aug by examining 10 fruit per plot and rating the amount of larval tunneling injury to the rind, using a 0 (no injury) to 3 (severe rind injury) scale.
Control of Insects on Sweet Corn, 1996
Authors: Foster R. E. , Buhler W. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted 3 Jul at the O’Neall Memorial Farm, Lafayette, Indiana. Plots consisted of four rows, 30 ft. long, 30 in. apart, and were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Insecticides were applied via a Hahn HiBoy sprayer and propelled by CO2 using 3 hollow cone nozzle tips per row, one over the top and one directed at each side of the ear zone. Sprays were delivered in 17.5 gal waterlacre at 28 psi. Sprays were applied beginning at row tassel on 20,26, and 30 Aug and 3 Sep. On 11 Sep, 25 ears per plot were harvested and evaluated for damage and the number of caterpillars present was counted. Ears with damage confined to the terminal inch were considered marketable. Ears with no visible insect feeding were rated as clean. Results are presented as percentage of damaged ears based on 100 ears examined ant, counts of caterpillar species per 25 ears.
Control of Banks Grass Mite in Sweet Corn, 1996
Authors: Hammon R. W. , Judson R. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied with a hand held CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 1 18 gpa spray material at 25 psi through four LF4 nozzles at 18 inch spacing mounted on a 4.5 foot boom. Treatments were applied on 3 Jul 1996, when the first silks were appearing on sweet corn that was approximately five feet in height. Plots were 7.5 feet by 30 feet, arranged in a RCB design replicated four times. Only the middle row of the three row plots was used for evaluation purposes. Mites were sampled prior to spraying, and again on 10 Jul (7 DAT). Sampling involved collecting five random ear leaves per plot, brushing the leaves with a Leedon Engineering Mite Brushing Machine, and counting a subsample of the extracted mites. Damage evaluations were made on 29 Jul, when sweet corn was harvest ready, by rating each plot on a 0-5 damage scale: 0 = no damage, 1 = 1-20% ears damaged by mites, 2 = 21-40% damaged ears, 3 = 41-60% damaged ears, 4 = 61-80% damaged ears and 5 = 81-100% damaged ears. Data were (X + 0.5)½ transformed before analysis of variance. Actual means are presented.
Foliar Sprays to Control Ear Invading Insects in Sweet Corn, 1996
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Baumann Donna , Boltz Melanie , Cain Carol 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 100 ft in length on 31 May ’96. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Plots consisted of 4 treatment rows with the center 2 rows serving as record rows. Plots were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 25 gpa with 50 psi. Spray treatments were applied at 30% silk 20, 24 and 28 Jul. At harvest on 5 Aug, 50 ears from the center 2 rows of each plot were husked and evaluated for insect damage as fresh-market ears (clean, no damage evident), processing ears (evidence of tip feeding but less than 3.6 cm tip damage), and culls (tip damage beyond 3.6 cm to the side and/or bottom). All insects found within the husk or ear were identified.
Control of Lepidopterous Insects on Corn with Foliar Applications, 1996
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Corn was planted on 27 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. The planting consisted of a RCB design with four replicates of six treatments and one untreated check. Plots consisted of six 25-ft rows of sweet corn on 3 ft centers with 9-inch plant spacing. Blocks were separated by 25 ft. Treatments consisted of three applications of each insecticide for naturally intesting lepidopterans. Foliar sprays were applied with a 4-row high-boy tractor-mounted boom, having 3 nozzles per row with flat fan 110015 tips, and delivering 26.4 gpa at 47 psi and 2.5 mph. Silwet sticker-spreader was applied at 0.1% v/v with all foliar treatments. Insecticides were applied on 4, 11 and 20 Sep. On 7 Oct, 25 ears from the four treated rows of each plot were evaluated for ear injury.
Control of Lepidqpterous Larvae on Lettuce with Garlic, 1996
Authors: Kerns D. L. , Tellez T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Lettuce was direct seeded into double-rows on 42-in beds on 9 Sep at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ. Plots were four beds wide by 30 ft long. Each plot was bordered on each side by two blank beds. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replicates. Treatments were applied using a tractor-mounted sprayer with three TX-6 hollow cone nozzles per bed, calibrated to deliver 40 gpa at 200 psi. All treatment applications included Crocker’s Fish Oil at 10 oz/acre and Kinetic non-ionic surfactant at 0.10% v/v. Treatments were split into two regimes (early-season and late-season). The early-season applications were applied on 1 Oct, 11 Oct and 17 Oct. The late-season applications were applied on 25 Oct, 31 Oct, 5 Nov and 18 Nov. Evaluations were made five to six days after each application (7 Oct, 16 Oct, 22 Oct, 30 Oct, 4 Nov, 12 Nov and 25 Nov) by randomly selecting 10 plants per plot and counting the number of live small (1st and 2nd instar) and large (&gt;2nd instar) CL larvae. Data were analyzed for treatment differences using ANOVA and an F protected LSD.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes With In-Furrow Treatments and Microbial InsectiCides, 1996
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Baumann Donna , Boltz Melanie , Cain Carol 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Kennebec’ potatoes were planted in 20 foot rows on 8 Apr, ‘96. Plots consisted of single treatment rows. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk ‘A’A loamy sand. Initial furrow treatments were mixed in 208 mis. of water and applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer at the rate of 40 gallons per acre at 30 psi on 8 Apr. Foliar treatments of Novodor were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied with a custom built compressed air row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gpa at 30 psi. Treatments of Novodor were applied 27 Jun. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults, larvae and egg masses/10 plants and percent defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on 8 Jul from 20 ft of row.
Use of Fipronil at Dragoff and In-Furrow for Insect Control on Potatoes, 1996
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 26 Mar at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 4 rows 20 ft long with 3 ft between row spacing and 6 ft of bare ground between plots. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB. In furrow treatments were applied prior to planting on 26 Mar and dragoff treatments were applied after dragoff on 22 April with a single nozzle boom backpack sprayer. CPB counts were made on 10 randomly chosen stems/plot and dates with significant differences are recorded in the table. The number of ECB damaged stems/10 random stems/plot was counted on 25 Jun, and percent defoliation was rated for each plot on 19 Jun. On 10 Jul, the center two rows of each plot were dug and graded to determine yields.
Evaluation of Selected Soil and Foliar Insecticides on Sweetpotato Weevil, White Grubs and Banded Cucumber Beetles, 1995
Authors: Hammond A. , Story R. N. , Murray M. J. , McCown C. R. , Ring D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A test was conducted in Hessmer, LA, to determine the efficacy of two soil insecticides and three foliar applied insecticides for control of sweetpotato weevil, banded cucumber beetle, and white grubs. Treatments were arranged in a CRB design with four replications. The cultivar ‘Beauregard’ was planted in Jun. Plots were 4 rows wide (4 feet/row) and 50 ft long. Insecticides were applied at planting day (soil insecticides) and at weekly intervals starting three weeks after transplanting. A CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer was used (30 psi) with a single row boom (20 inches wide) containing three nozzles (Cone Jet SX-10) and calibrated to deliver 25 gpa. Sweetpotatoes were harvested on 13 Oct and field graded into number 1, 2, or 3. From each plot, in each of the 3 grades, 50 potatoes were randomly selected and evaluated for insect damage. The number of potatoes infested with sweetpotato weevil, the number of white grub feeding scars, and the number of holes present caused by banded cucumber beetles (or wireworms) were counted. All data were analyzed by ANOVA and treatment means were separated by DMRT at P = 0.05.
Evaluation of Selected Soil and Foliar Insecticides on Sweetpotatoes for Control of White Grubs and Banded Cucumber Beetles, 1995
Authors: Hammond A. , Story R. N. , Murray M. J. , McCown C. R. , Ring D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A test was conducted in Evangeline Parish, LA, to determine the efficacy of two soil insecticides and three foliar applied insecticides for control of banded cucumber beetles and white grubs. Treatments were arranged in a CRB design with four replications. The cultivar ‘Beauregard’ was planted on 13 Jun. Plots were 4 rows wide (4 ft/row) and 50 ft long. Soil insecticides were applied on planting day and foliar insecticides were applied at approximately weekly intervals starting three weeks after transplanting (5, 15, 21, 28 Jul, 3, 11, 18,25 Aug, 1, 8 and 15 Sep.) A CO2 pressurized back pack sprayer was used (30 psi) with a single boom (20 inches wide) containing three nozzles (Cone Jet sx-10) and calibrated to deliver 25 gpa. Sweetpotatoes were harvested on 28 Sep and field graded into U.S. number 1,2, or 3’s. From each plot, in each of the 3 grades, 50 potatoes were randomly selected and evaluated for insect damage. The number of white grub feeding scars and the number of holes present caused by banded cucumber beetles were counted. All data were anlayzed by ANOVA and treatment means were separated by DMRT at P = 0.05.
Control of Southern Armyworm on Fresh Market Tomatoes, Fall 1995
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set 5 Sep, 18 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15-ft row with rows on 5-ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 29 Sept, 6, 13, 20, 27 Oct, 3, 10, 17, 25 Nov, 2, and 8 Dec. The sprayer was operated at 60 psi and delivered 100 gpa using a single nozzle fitted with a D-5 disk and #45 core. Fruit were harvested on 15, 28 Nov and 12 Dec. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae were determined.
Management of Insects on Fresh Market Tomatoes, Spring 1996A
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set 27 Feb, 18 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15 ft row with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 10, 17, 25 Apr, 1,8, 15, 22, 29 May, and 5 Jun. The sprayer was operated at 60 psi and delivered 90 gpa the first four applications and 120 gpa for the remaining applications using a single nozzle fitted with a D-5 disk and #25 core. On 7 Jun, the numbers of tomato pinworm leafmines and leaf rolls were counted by two persons in a 2 min. whole plot search. On 20 May, the numbers of Liriomyza spp. leafmines were counted by two trained observers in a 1 minute whole plot search. On 20 May and 7 Jun, each plot was rated by two persons for increasing percentage of defoliation by southern armyworm larvae using the Horsfall-Barratt system. With this system, ratings of 1-12 corresponded to 1-100% defoliation. The ratings were averaged prior to analysis. Pinworm and leafminer damage counts of both persons were totalled and damage ratings were averaged. Fruit were harvested on 22 May and 3 Jun. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae, flower thrips (fruit with five or more oviposition dimples on the blossom end) and stinkbugs were determined.