bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function Item Bank, Version 1.0: Physical Function Assessment for Athletic Patient Populations
Authors: Madsen Leif P. , Evans Todd A. , Snyder Kelli R. , Docherty Carrie L. 
Published: October 2016

Context:
The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) item banks have been validated for general populations, but their application to high-functioning patient populations remains speculative.

Objective:
To examine the measurement properties of the PROMIS physical function item bank, version 1.0, when applied to individuals representing high levels of physical ability.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and III collegiate athletic training rooms and intramural events.

Patients or Other Participants:
A heterogeneous sample of 215 adults from Division I or Division III collegiate or recreational sports volunteered for this study. Participants were divided into 4 groups depending on sport activity and injury status: healthy collegiate (HC; 33 men, 37 women; age = 19.7 ± 1.1 years), injured and currently active in sport (IP; 21 men, 29 women; age = 19.9 ± 1.2 years), injured and currently not active in sport (INP; 12 men, 18 women; age = 19.7 ± 1.3 years), and healthy recreational (HR; 47 men, 18 women; age = 20.1 ± 1.4 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Participants completed 2 assessments: (1) an injury-history questionnaire and (2) the PROMIS physical function item bank, version 1.0, in computer-adaptive form. Mean PROMIS physical function scores were determined for each group.

Results:
The PROMIS physical function score for the HC group (61.7 ± 6.0) was higher than for the IP (54.9 ± 7.5) and INP (44.1 ± 8.2) groups (P &lt; .001). The IP group had a higher score than the INP group (P &lt; .001). Mean PROMIS scores were not different between the HC and HR participants (mean difference = 1.9, P = .10).

Conclusions:
The computer-adaptive PROMIS physical function item bank, version 1.0, accurately distinguished injury status in elite-level athletes on a physical function latent trait continuum. Although it was unable to distinguish HC athletes from HR athletes, exposing a possible ceiling effect, it offers potential for use as an outcome instrument for athletic trainers and other sports medicine clinicians.
La ‘prensa’ digital generalista, como soporte publicitario y los cambios en su modelo de negocio
Authors: Maestro Espínola Lidia , García Santamaría José Vicente , Pérez Serrano María José 
Published: October 2016

La relación entre la prensa y la publicidad ha sufrido una fuerte transformación durante la migración digital. Tradicionalmente la prensa mantenía un alto índice de eficacia publicitaria que le aseguraba un cuantioso porcentaje de ingresos. Pero los media han sufrido una fuerte transformación durante los años de la crisis, y aunque la prensa generalista cerró el año 2015 con diecisiete millones de lectores diarios, sus ingresos publicitarios continúan sin alcanzar un nivel de equilibrio. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las causas de esta pérdida de equilibrio y examinar los cambios en el modelo de negocio. Metodología. Se ha desarrollado una investigación con enfoque cualitativo (entrevistas en profundidad a una veintena de medios que representan a la mayor parte de la audiencia de los diarios online). Además, y con el fin de dar solidez científica al proyecto, se ha llevado a cabo una profunda revisión bibliográfica. Resultados y conclusiones. Aunque las ediciones digitales de la prensa han experimentado en estos últimos años un gran crecimiento, la prensa en papel factura –con datos de 2015- un 241% más que sus homólogos digitales.
A broad supersaturation scanning (BS2) approach for rapid measurement of
aerosol particle hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei activity
Authors: Su Hang , Cheng Yafang , Ma Nan , Wang Zhibin , Wang Xiaoxiang , Pöhlker Mira L. , Nillius Björn , Wiedensohler Alfred , Pöschl Ulrich 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The activation and hygroscopicity of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are key to the understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions and their impact on climate. They can be measured by scanning the particle size and supersaturation in CCN measurements. The scanning of supersaturation is often time-consuming and limits the temporal resolution and performance of CCN measurements. Here we present a new approach, termed the broad supersaturation scanning (BS2) method, in which a range of supersaturation is simultaneously scanned, reducing the time interval between different supersaturation scans. The practical applicability of the BS2 approach is demonstrated with nano-CCN measurements of laboratory-generated aerosol particles. Model simulations show that the BS2 approach may also be applicable for measuring CCN activation of ambient mixed particles. Due to its fast response and technical simplicity, the BS2 approach may be well suited for aircraft and long-term measurements. Since hygroscopicity is closely related to the fraction of organics/inorganics in aerosol particles, a BS2-CCN counter can also serve as a complementary sensor for fast detection/estimation of aerosol chemical compositions.
Comparison of OMI NO2 observations and their seasonal and
weekly cycles with ground-based measurements in Helsinki
Authors: Ialongo Iolanda , Herman Jay , Krotkov Nick , Lamsal Lok , Boersma K. Folkert , Hovila Jari , Tamminen Johanna 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. We present the comparison of satellite-based OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) NO2 products with ground-based observations in Helsinki. OMI NO2 total columns, available from NASA's standard product (SP) and KNMI DOMINO product, are compared with the measurements performed by the Pandora spectrometer in Helsinki in 2012. The relative difference between Pandora no. 21 and OMI SP total columns is 4 and −6 % for clear-sky and all-sky conditions, respectively. DOMINO NO2 retrievals showed slightly lower total columns with median differences about −5 and −14 % for clear-sky and all-sky conditions, respectively. Large differences often correspond to cloudy fall–winter days with solar zenith angles above 65°. Nevertheless, the differences remain within the retrieval uncertainties. The average difference values are likely the result of different factors partly canceling each other: the overestimation of the stratospheric columns causes a positive bias partly compensated by the limited spatial representativeness of the relatively coarse OMI pixel for sharp NO2 gradients. The comparison between Pandora and the new version (V3) of OMI NO2 retrievals shows a larger negative difference (about −30 %) than the current version (V2.1) because the revised spectral fitting procedure reduces the overestimation of the stratospheric column. The weekly and seasonal cycles from OMI, Pandora and NO2 surface concentrations are also compared. Both satellite- and ground-based data show a similar weekly cycle, with lower NO2 levels during the weekend compared to the weekdays as a result of reduced emissions from traffic and industrial activities. The seasonal cycle also shows a similar behavior, even though the results are affected by the fact that most of the data are available during spring–summer because of cloud cover in other seasons. This is one of few works in which OMI NO2 retrievals are evaluated in a urban site at high latitudes (60° N). Despite the city of Helsinki having relatively small pollution sources, OMI retrievals have proved to be able to describe air quality features and variability similar to surface observations. This adds confidence in using satellite observations for air quality monitoring also at high latitudes.
Multi-gas and multi-source comparisons of six land use emission datasets and
AFOLU estimates in the Fifth Assessment Report, for the tropics for
2000–2005
Authors: Roman-Cuesta Rosa Maria , Herold Martin , Rufino Mariana C. , Rosenstock Todd S. , Houghton Richard A. , Rossi Simone , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus , Ogle Stephen , Poulter Benjamin , Verchot Louis , Martius Christopher , de Bruin Sytze 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector contributes with ca. 20–25 % of global anthropogenic emissions (2010), making it a key component of any climate change mitigation strategy. AFOLU estimates, however, remain highly uncertain, jeopardizing the mitigation effectiveness of this sector. Comparisons of global AFOLU emissions have shown divergences of up to 25 %, urging for improved understanding of the reasons behind these differences. Here we compare a variety of AFOLU emission datasets and estimates given in the Fifth Assessment Report for the tropics (2000–2005) to identify plausible explanations for the differences in (i) aggregated gross AFOLU emissions, and (ii) disaggregated emissions by sources and gases (CO2, CH4, N2O). We also aim to (iii) identify countries with low agreement among AFOLU datasets to navigate research efforts. The datasets are FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Statistics Division), EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research), the newly developed AFOLU “Hotspots”, “Houghton”, “Baccini”, and EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) datasets. Aggregated gross emissions were similar for all databases for the AFOLU sector: 8.2 (5.5–12.2), 8.4, and 8.0 Pg CO2 eq. yr−1 (for Hotspots, FAOSTAT, and EDGAR respectively), forests reached 6.0 (3.8–10), 5.9, 5.9, and 5.4 Pg CO2 eq. yr−1 (Hotspots, FAOSTAT, EDGAR, and Houghton), and agricultural sectors were with 1.9 (1.5–2.5), 2.5, 2.1, and 2.0 Pg CO2 eq. yr−1 (Hotspots, FAOSTAT, EDGAR, and EPA). However, this agreement was lost when disaggregating the emissions by sources, continents, and gases, particularly for the forest sector, with fire leading the differences. Agricultural emissions were more homogeneous, especially from livestock, while those from croplands were the most diverse. CO2 showed the largest differences among the datasets. Cropland soils and enteric fermentation led to the smaller N2O and CH4 differences. Disagreements are explained by differences in conceptual frameworks (carbon-only vs. multi-gas assessments, definitions, land use vs. land cover, etc.), in methods (tiers, scales, compliance with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines, legacies, etc.) and in assumptions (carbon neutrality of certain emissions, instantaneous emissions release, etc.) which call for more complete and transparent documentation for all the available datasets. An enhanced dialogue between the carbon (CO2) and the AFOLU (multi-gas) communities is needed to reduce discrepancies of land use estimates.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of snow cover based on multi-source remote sensing data in China
Authors: Huang Xiaodong , Deng Jie , Ma Xiaofang , Wang Yunlong , Feng Qisheng , Hao Xiaohua , Liang Tiangang 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. By combining optical remote sensing snow cover products with passive microwave remote sensing snow depth (SD) data, we produced a MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) cloudless binary snow cover product and a 500 m snow depth product. The temporal and spatial variations of snow cover from December 2000 to November 2014 in China were analyzed. The results indicate that, over the past 14 years, (1) the mean snow-covered area (SCA) in China was 11.3 % annually and 27 % in the winter season, with the mean SCA decreasing in summer and winter seasons, increasing in spring and fall seasons, and not much change annually; (2) the snow-covered days (SCDs) showed an increase in winter, spring, and fall, and annually, whereas they showed a decrease in summer; (3) the average SD decreased in winter, summer, and fall, while it increased in spring and annually; (4) the spatial distributions of SD and SCD were highly correlated seasonally and annually; and (5) the regional differences in the variation of snow cover in China were significant. Overall, the SCD and SD increased significantly in south and northeast China, and decreased significantly in the north of Xinjiang province. The SCD and SD increased on the southwest edge and in the southeast part of the Tibetan Plateau, whereas it decreased in the north and northwest regions.
Reconstructing the mass balance of Brewster Glacier, New Zealand, using
MODIS-derived glacier-wide albedo
Authors: Sirguey Pascal , Still Holly , Cullen Nicolas J. , Dumont Marie , Arnaud Yves , Conway Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. In New Zealand, direct measurements of mass balance are sparse due to the inaccessibility of glaciers in the Southern Alps and the logistical difficulties associated with maintaining a mass balance record. In order to explore the benefit of remotely sensed imaging to monitor mass balance in the Southern Alps, this research assesses the relationship between measurements of glacier surface albedo derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and mass balance observations using the glaciological method on Brewster Glacier over the 2005–2013 period. We confirm that minimum glacier-wide albedo is a reliable predictor for annual mass balance in this maritime environment (R2 = 0.93). Furthermore, we show that regular monitoring of glacier-wide albedo enables a new metric of winter accumulation to be derived, namely the cumulative winter albedo, which is found to correlate strongly with winter mass balance (R2 = 0.88), thus enabling the reconstruction of separate winter and summer mass balance records. This allows the mass balance record for Brewster Glacier to be extended back to the start of MODIS observations in 2000 and to confirm that the annual balance of Brewster Glacier is largely controlled by summer balance (R2  =  92 %). An application of the extended record is proposed whereby the relationship between mass balance and the photographic record of the end-of-summer snowline altitude is assessed. This allowed the annual balance record of Brewster Glacier to be reconstructed over the period 1977–2013, thus providing the longest record of mass balance for a glacier in New Zealand. Over the 37-year period, our results show that Brewster Glacier gained a significant mass of up to 14.5 ± 2.7 m w.e. by 2007. This gain was offset by a marked shift toward negative balances after 2008, yielding a loss of 5.1 ± 1.2 m w.e., or 35 % of the gain accumulated over the previous 30 years. The good correspondence between mass balance of Brewster Glacier and the phase of the Pacific (Inter-)Decadal Oscillation (PDO/IPO), associated with the fast terminus retreat observed between 1978 and 1998, strongly suggests that the observed mass gain of Brewster Glacier since 1977 is only offsetting a longer sequence of dominantly negative balances.
Quand la radio habite la nuit
Authors: Beccarelli Marine 
Published: October 2016

Au cours de la seconde moitié du 20e siècle, la radio française s'est progressivement installée dans la nuit, jusqu'à en arriver à un cycle de diffusion ininterrompue, 24 heures sur 24. Depuis le début des années 2000, toutefois, la radio nocturne disparaît peu à peu pour laisser la place à des rediffusions ou à des flux de musiques automatiques. En quoi la radio de nuit a-t-elle pu constituer un miroir de la vie nocturne ? Comment expliquer la disparition progressive de ces programmes en direct ? Autant de questions auxquelles cet article propose d'apporter des réponses.
Peuples de la nuit
Authors: Savelli Julie 
Published: October 2016

Cet article s’attache à une nuit documentaire qui expérimente les rapports du visible et de l’invisible pour éprouver, dans l’intervalle des images, la réalité des peuples migrants. Si la nuit est au fondement des films étudiés, c’est parce qu’elle permet de révéler, tout autant que d'inventer, une « scène » nocturne de la migration. Il s’agira donc de décrire différentes représentations de la nuit afin de comprendre en quoi l’esthétique du noir peut participer d’une politique d’exposition des peuples, en même temps que d'un « partage du sensible » (Rancière).
Exprimer des états nocturnes
Authors: Poitras Diane 
Published: October 2016

Constatant la transformation du rapport à la nuit dans le monde historique, ce texte examine les bases épistémologiques qui ont guidé la réalisation de mon essai documentaire Nuits (2014), dans lequel j’ai cherché à évoquer ce qu’on peut appeler des états nocturnes. Les choix technologiques, les partis pris esthétiques et narratifs qui ont prévalu dans le cours de cette recherche-création y sont discutés en regard du traitement qui est fait de la nuit au cinéma, particulièrement dans les films hollywoodiens.
De la flaque à l’ampoule
Authors:   Nathalie Brevet_Hughes Rochette
Published: October 2016

La nuit urbaine structure plusieurs de nos projets. Certaines de nos installations in situ constituent une possibilité d’habiter la nuit. Elles offrent une expérience du lieu qui, au-delà des heures d’ouverture et de fermeture de l’espace d’exposition, perdure. Elles conditionnent également l’apparition de formes − souvent lumineuses − mais aussi de récits. Ces derniers puisent dans l’histoire des villes ou dans leurs tensions actuelles un imaginaire que déploie et accroît la dimension nocturne.
En contre-jour : la représentation évanescente de l’écrivain dans le roman québécois contemporain
Authors: Bélanger David 
Published: October 2016

La représentation de l’écrivain dans la littérature québécoise s’inscrit dans une histoire d’émancipation, d’inadéquations et de résistances. Depuis les premiers travaux d’André Belleau, cette représentation a évolué et, dans les années 2000, se profile une figure de romancier à la fois plus confiante et plus évanescente que celle des années 1960-1970. L’écrivain, en s’affichant dans sa fiction, montre les attaques répétées faites par la théorie et par la société à son autorité créatrice. C’est ce que nous proposons d’observer, en nous reportant à Une estafette chez Artaud de Nicolas Tremblay et à Pleurer comme dans les films de Guillaume Corbeil. En abordant diverses figures auctoriales (Bartleby, l’anti-écrivain, l’écrivain frauduleux, etc.), nous serons amené à penser, par le fait même, le statut de la littérature dans la production littéraire québécoise contemporaine.
Predicting judicial decisions of the European Court of Human Rights: a Natural Language Processing perspective
Authors: Aletras Nikolaos , Tsarapatsanis Dimitrios , Preoţiuc-Pietro Daniel , Lampos Vasileios 
Published: October 2016

Recent advances in Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning provide us with the tools to build predictive models that can be used to unveil patterns driving judicial decisions. This can be useful, for both lawyers and judges, as an assisting tool to rapidly identify cases and extract patterns which lead to certain decisions. This paper presents the first systematic study on predicting the outcome of cases tried by the European Court of Human Rights based solely on textual content. We formulate a binary classification task where the input of our classifiers is the textual content extracted from a case and the target output is the actual judgment as to whether there has been a violation of an article of the convention of human rights. Textual information is represented using contiguous word sequences, i.e., N-grams, and topics. Our models can predict the court’s decisions with a strong accuracy (79% on average). Our empirical analysis indicates that the formal facts of a case are the most important predictive factor. This is consistent with the theory of legal realism suggesting that judicial decision-making is significantly affected by the stimulus of the facts. We also observe that the topical content of a case is another important feature in this classification task and explore this relationship further by conducting a qualitative analysis.
A cold‐pole enhancement in Mercury's sodium exosphere
Authors: Cassidy Timothy A. , McClintock William E. , Killen Rosemary M. , Sarantos Menelaos , Merkel Aimee W. , Vervack Ronald J. , Burger Matthew H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe ultraviolet and visible spectrometer component of the Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging spacecraft characterized the local‐time distribution of the sodium exosphere over the course of its orbital mission. The observations show that the sodium exosphere is enhanced above Mercury's cold‐pole longitudes. Based on previously published sodium exosphere models, we infer that these regions act as night side surface reservoirs, temporary sinks to the exosphere that collect sodium atoms transported antisunward. The reservoirs are revealed as exospheric enhancements when they are exposed to sunlight. As in the models the reservoir is depleted as the cold poles rotate from dawn to dusk, but unlike the models the depletion is only partial. The persistence of the reservoir means that it could, over the course of geologically long periods of time, contribute to an increase in the bulk concentration of sodium near the cold‐pole longitudes.
Ion gyroradius effects on particle trapping in kinetic Alfvén waves along auroral field lines
Authors: Damiano P. A. , Johnson J. R. , Chaston C. C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this study, a 2‐D self‐consistent hybrid gyrofluid‐kinetic electron model is used to investigate Alfvén wave propagation along dipolar magnetic field lines for a range of ion to electron temperature ratios. The focus of the investigation is on understanding the role of these effects on electron trapping in kinetic Alfvén waves sourced in the plasma sheet and the role of this trapping in contributing to the overall electron energization at the ionosphere. This work also builds on our previous effort by considering a similar system in the limit of fixed initial parallel current, rather than fixed initial perpendicular electric field. It is found that the effects of particle trapping are strongest in the cold ion limit and the kinetic Alfvén wave is able to carry trapped electrons a large distance along the field line yielding a relatively large net energization of the trapped electron population as the phase speed of the wave is increased. However, as the ion temperature is increased, the ability of the kinetic Alfvén wave to carry and energize trapped electrons is reduced by more significant wave energy dispersion perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field which reduces the amplitude of the wave. This reduction of wave amplitude in turn reduces both the parallel current and the extent of the high‐energy tails evident in the energized electron populations at the ionospheric boundary (which may serve to explain the limited extent of the broadband electron energization seen in observations). Even in the cold ion limit, trapping effects in kinetic Alfvén waves lead to only modest electron energization for the parameters considered (on the order of tens of eV) and the primary energization of electrons to keV levels coincides with the arrival of the wave at the ionospheric boundary.
Class
Authors: Mosco Vincent 
Published: October 2016

AbstractClass is a concept that has been widely used in the social sciences to refer to social divisions based on the control over resources such as wealth and income. In communication studies, class divisions are identified with control over the means of communication, including media and information technology. Class can be understood as a category that divides people into discrete units, as a social relation that describes the connections among class categories, and as a formation whereby people identify with and act on their class position, resulting in class consciousness. Communication research on class is largely categorical but increasingly draws from relational and formational approaches. Debates about knowledge labor illuminate contemporary research on class.