Abstract B025: Genome-wide study identifies novel genes associated with bone toxicities among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Zhu Qianqian , Mambiar Ram , Schultz Emily , Gao Xinyu , Liang Shuyi , Flamand Yael , Stevenson Kristen , Cole Peter D. , Gennarini Lisa , Harris Marian H. , Kahn Justine M. , Ladas Elena J. , Athale Uma H. , Tran Thai H. , Michon Bruno , Welch Jennifer J.G. , Sallan Stephen E. , Silverman Lewis B. , Kelly Kara M. , Yao Song 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background: Bone toxicities, including non-traumatic fracture and osteonecrosis, occur at a high rate among pediatric patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In the Dana Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) 05-001 trial, 25% of patients experienced fracture and 10% experienced osteonecrosis during or after treatment. Fracture at a young age can have major negative impact on patients’ quality of life when considering the active behavior typical in this age group. Patients and Methods: To identify the underlying genetic contributors to bone toxicities in children treated for ALL, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) in 260 self-identified non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients from the DFCI 05-001 ALL trial, with validation in 101 NHW patients from the DFCI 11-001 ALL trial. In addition, we measured and tested plasma 25OHD levels, as well as two existing polygenic scores (PGS), one for circulating vitamin D. levels and the other for heel quantitative ultrasound speed of sound (SOS), with fracture risk in our cohorts. Results: We identified an imputed variant, rs844882 on chromosome 20 (minor allele frequency = 0.059, imputation Rsq = 0.9685), in significant association with bone toxicities in DFCI 05-001 (per alternative T allele, sub-distribution hazard ratio [sHR] = 0.35, P = 1.7×10−8). The variant was an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) for two nearby genes, CD93 and THBD. In DFCI 11-001, we observed a consistent trend of this variant with fracture and the meta-p-value for bone toxicities based on the two cohorts was 5.1×10−7. In TWAS, genetically predicted ACAD9 expression was associated with increased risk of bone toxicities, which was confirmed by meta-analysis of the two cohorts (meta-P = 2.4x10−6). While we found no association of plasma 25OHD levels or the PGS for vitamin D. levels with fracture risk, the PGS for heel quantitative ultrasound speed of sound was associated with fracture risk in both cohorts (meta-P = 2.3x10−3). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the genetic influence on treatment-related bone toxicities in this patient population. The genes we identified in our study provide new biological insights into development of bone adverse events related to ALL treatment.
Citation Format: Qianqian Zhu, Ram Mambiar, Emily Schultz, Xinyu Gao, Shuyi Liang, Yael Flamand, Kristen Stevenson, Peter D. Cole, Lisa Gennarini, Marian H. Harris, Justine M. Kahn, Elena J. Ladas, Uma H. Athale, Thai H. Tran, Bruno Michon, Jennifer J.G. Welch, Stephen E. Sallan, Lewis B. Silverman, Kara M. Kelly, Song Yao. Genome-wide study identifies novel genes associated with bone toxicities among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2024 Sep 5-8; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(17 Suppl):Abstract nr B025.