bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer risk and prevention in 2024: An overview from the Breast Cancer UK ‐ Breast Cancer Prevention Conference
Authors: Stordal Britta , Harvie Michelle , Antoniou Michael N. , Bellingham Michelle , Chan Doris S. M. , Darbre Philippa , Karlsson Oskar , Kortenkamp Andreas , Magee Pamela , Mandriota Stefano , Silva Elisabete , Turner James E. , Vandenberg Laura N. , Evans D. Gareth 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Breast Cancer UK—Breast Cancer Prevention Conference addressed risk from environmental pollutants and health behaviour‐related breast‐cancer risk. Epidemiological studies examining individual chemicals and breast cancer risk have produced inconclusive results including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) Bisphenol A, per‐ and polyfluorinated alkyl substances as well as aluminium. However, laboratory studies have shown that multiple EDCs, can work together to exhibit effects, even when combined at levels that alone are ineffective. The TEXB‐α/β assay measures total estrogenic load, and studies have provided evidence of a link between multiple‐chemical exposures and breast cancer. However, prospective studies using TEXB‐α/β are needed to establish a causative link. There is also a need to assess real‐life exposure to environmental‐chemical mixtures during pregnancy, and their potential involvement in programming adverse foetal health outcomes in later life.Higher rates of breast cancer have occurred alongside increases in potentially‐modifiable risk factors such as obesity. Increasing body‐mass index is associated with increased risk of developing postmenopausal breast cancer, but with decreased risk of premenopausal breast cancer. In contrast, lower rates of breast cancer in Asian compared to Western populations have been linked to soya/isoflavone consumption. Risk is decreased by breastfeeding, which is in addition to the decrease in risk observed for each birth and a young first‐birth. Risk is lower in those with higher levels of self‐reported physical activity. Current evidence suggests breast‐cancer survivors should also avoid weight gain, be physically active, and eat a healthy diet for overall health.A broad scientific perspective on breast cancer risk requires focus on both environmental exposure to chemicals and health behaviour‐related risk. Research into chemical exposure needs to focus on chemical mixtures and prospective epidemiological studies in order to test the effects on breast cancer risk. Behaviour‐related research needs to focus on implementation as well as deeper understanding of the mechanisms of cancer prevention.
Acanthus ornament generation using layout subdivisions with parameterized motifs
Authors: Komeda Yuka , Umezawa Wataru , Mukai Tomohiko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcanthus ornaments frequently adorn Western architectural designs. The placement of these motifs varies according to the decorative object, with some having motifs arranged in a grid pattern. In this study, we propose a procedural modeling system aimed at generating acanthus ornaments on a planar surface. The proposed approach initially establishes the layout of boundary grids for acanthus motifs by subdividing the target surface into nonuniform grids. Subsequently, the medial axis line of the acanthus motif is generated to optimally conform to each boundary grid, employing a parameterized representation of deformable motifs. The three‐dimensional motif shapes are ultimately constructed from the medial axis, with the shape parameters adjusted to improve aesthetic appeal. The proposed system generates various acanthus ornaments through rule‐based layout subdivisions, offering users the option to select their preferred design while adjusting the motif shapes with a few manual parameters.
Human action recognition in immersive virtual reality based on multi‐scale spatio‐temporal attention network
Authors: Xiao Zhiyong , Chen Yukun , Zhou Xinlei , He Mingwei , Liu Li , Yu Feng , Jiang Minghua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWearable human action recognition (HAR) has practical applications in daily life. However, traditional HAR methods solely focus on identifying user movements, lacking interactivity and user engagement. This paper proposes a novel immersive HAR method called MovPosVR. Virtual reality (VR) technology is employed to create realistic scenes and enhance the user experience. To improve the accuracy of user action recognition in immersive HAR, a multi‐scale spatio‐temporal attention network (MSSTANet) is proposed. The network combines the convolutional residual squeeze and excitation (CRSE) module with the multi‐branch convolution and long short‐term memory (MCLSTM) module to extract spatio‐temporal features and automatically select relevant features from action signals. Additionally, a multi‐head attention with shared linear mechanism (MHASLM) module is designed to facilitate information interaction, further enhancing feature extraction and improving accuracy. The MSSTANet network achieves superior performance, with accuracy rates of 99.33% and 98.83% on the publicly available WISDM and PAMPA2 datasets, respectively, surpassing state‐of‐the‐art networks. Our method showcases the potential to display user actions and position information in a virtual world, enriching user experiences and interactions across diverse application scenarios.
Antioxidant Potential and Chemical Evaluation of Extracts from Endophytic Fungus Lasiodiplodia sp.
Authors: Silva Tironi Lucas , Barbosa Moreira Dajara Moana , Dias Bruzadelli Rafaela Franco , Gilberto Ferreira Antonio , Schripsema Jan , Hortolan Luiz Jaine Honorata 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAntioxidants are compounds that can eliminate free radicals and are known to prevent cell damage and health disorders, in turn, improving the quality of life of human beings. This study aims to evaluate the presence of antioxidants in ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts from Lasiodiplodia endophyte, which was previously isolated and cultivated by our research group, given its ability to produce a variety of metabolites with different chemical and biological properties. The antioxidant activities were determined using ABTS+⋅, DPPH and FRAP. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were evaluated, as well as the NMR metabolomics of extracts. All extracts showed promising antioxidant activity, and optimal results were achieved between the sixth and eleventh days of fungus cultivation. Furthermore, one of the extracts showed no in vivo toxicity against Galleria mellonella for all tested concentrations. The 1H‐NMR spectra showed that there are two distinct groups of molecules present in EtOAc extracts obtained from Lasiodiplodia cultivation, and the data corroborate the results concerning antioxidant activity for TPC and TFC. This suggests that it is possible to monitor the chemical profile of fungal extracts using NMR, and to correlate compounds within days of fungus cultivation, along with their antioxidant activities.
Assessing Therapeutic Value and Side Effects of Key Botanical Compounds for Optimized Medical Treatments
Authors: Al‐Shuhaib Mohammed Baqur S. , Al‐Shuhaib Jafar M. B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to the significance of variable chemical groups across a wide spectrum of modern medicine, it is imperative to determine what is the most widely used group in medical applications with the fewest side effects. Ten compounds from ten chemical groups that are most commonly known for their medical uses were compared in terms of their therapeutic potential and side effects. The comparison among the selected compounds indicated the superiority of the flavonoids over other groups in the multitude of their utilizations and the lower side effects. Kaempferol and quercetin showed higher medical utilization with lower side effects. Whereas alkaloid compounds showed the lowest levels of medical use and the highest levels of side effects. Based on the comparison conducted, it is concluded to give priority to flavonoid compounds being used in medical applications because they exhibit the highest medical uses with the lowest side effects. Within flavonoids, kaempferol and quercetin are the two compounds that are highly recommended to be used in the widest range of medical applications. Serious caution should be considered before applying alkaloids to any medical service. Understanding the characteristics of these compounds can aid in developing safer and more effective treatments for medicinal plants.
Essential Oils of The Leaves of Syzygium hemilamprum (F. Muell.) Craven & Biffin.: Chemical Analysis, Antimicrobial, Mosquito Larvicidal, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Studies
Authors: Viet Pham Ty , Luyen Nguyen Dinh , Quan Pham Minh , Hung Nguyen Huy , Huong Vo Thanh , Thuy Ta Thi Thu , Chung Nguyen Thanh , Son Ninh The , Linh Nguyen Ngoc 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe chemical composition of the essential oil and n‐hexane extract from Syzygium hemilamprum leaves was first performed. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis revealed that the essential oil was predominantly composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons (71.5 %) and oxygenated derivatives (20.2 %), with β‐pinene (31.5 %), limonene (19.4 %), α‐pinene (12.3 %), and α‐terpineol (7.4 %) being the principal constituents. The n‐hexane extract contained monoterpene hydrocarbons (42.2 %) and non‐terpenic compounds (34.0 %), with β‐pinene (32.8 %) and n‐hexadecane (10.2 %) as the major components. Antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal assays demonstrated that both samples exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram‐positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram‐negative), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 128 μg/mL for all tested organisms. Both samples also showed significant mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, with LC50 and LC90 values below 20 μg/mL at 24 and 48 hours post‐treatment. Molecular docking studies suggested that limonene and α‐terpineol could serve as potent inhibitors of mosquito odorant binding proteins. Additionally, an in silico analysis was performed to evaluate the physicochemical and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and toxicity) properties of the major constituents of the essential oil.
Microwave Application in Biomass Conversion: A Review
Authors: Liu Quanwei , Liu Mengmeng , Zhao Kang , Liu Zhen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiomass resources are abundant and have huge production capacity. Reasonably and efficiently converting biomass can not only alleviate the depletion of fossil resources but also protect the environment and promote the green and sustainable development of human society. Microwave is one of the currently highly regarded process intensification technologies. This paper reviews the research progress of microwave technology in biomass pyrolysis, biomass pretreatment, and biomass conversion, and analyzes its technical characteristics. Finally, it summarizes and prospects the application of microwave in the field of biomass conversion.
Chemical Tools for Probing the Ub/Ubl Conjugation Cascades
Authors: Kochańczyk Tomasz , Fishman Michael , Lima Christopher D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConjugation of ubiquitin (Ub) and structurally related ubiquitin‐like proteins (Ubls), essential for many cellular processes, employs multi‐step reactions orchestrated by specific E1, E2 and E3 enzymes. The E1 enzyme activates the Ub/Ubl C‐terminus in an ATP‐dependent process that results in the formation of a thioester linkage with the E1 active site cysteine. The thioester‐activated Ub/Ubl is transferred to the active site of an E2 enzyme which then interacts with an E3 enzyme to promote conjugation to the target substrate. The E1‐E2‐E3 enzymatic cascades utilize labile intermediates, extensive conformational changes, and vast combinatorial diversity of short‐lived protein‐protein complexes to conjugate Ub/Ubl to various substrates in a regulated manner. In this review, we discuss various chemical tools and methods used to study the consecutive steps of Ub/Ubl activation and conjugation, which are often too elusive for direct studies. We focus on methods developed to probe enzymatic activities and capture and characterize stable mimics of the transient intermediates and transition states, thereby providing insights into fundamental mechanisms in the Ub/Ubl conjugation pathways.
Student Resources and Retention Among Transgender and Nonbinary College Students
Authors: Liss Miriam , Derflinger Talyn , Wilson Laura 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTransgender and nonbinary (TNB) college students are more likely to drop out of college than their cisgender peers. While robust previous literature has focused on individually experienced stressors, this paper looks at the structural supports offered by the institution. One hundred and fifty‐four TNB college students were asked about the resources available on their campuses, their sense of safety on campus, and whether they intended to drop out of college. Campus resources and supports were associated with a greater sense of safety, and in turn, less of a desire to drop out of college. Some resources such as a nondiscrimination policy that includes gender identity, LGBTQ+ student organizations, all‐gender bathrooms, an LGBTQ+ resource center, and a policy allowing nonlegal name changes on official documents were more frequently reported by participants as available, while other resources such as gender inclusive housing and appropriate health services were perceived as less available. However, there was wide variability in the availability of resources. The present study suggests that TNB inclusion policies and practices should be of high priority for higher education institutions.
Seasonal variation in the ultrasonic vocal activity of Humboldt's flying squirrel (Glaucomys oregonensis)
Authors: Farwell Travis A. , Clucas Barbara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMost mammals rely on vocal communication to increase survival and reproductive success. While the functions of audible vocalizations have been well‐studied across mammal species, ultrasonic vocalizations in small mammals outside of bats are less understood. North American flying squirrel species (Glaucomys spp.), including the newly described Humboldt's flying squirrel (Glaucomys oregonensis), produce numerous call‐types that extend into the ultrasonic range. To investigate the potential function of ultrasonic call‐types in the Humboldt's flying squirrels, we used ultrasonic recorders to record squirrels in the wild across multiple seasons to determine if there are temporal and seasonal patterns in nightly vocal activity and rates of different call‐types. We recorded Humboldt's flying squirrels in two geographic locations ‐ Humboldt and San Bernardino counties—in California from 2018 to 2022 in the summer and winter across multiple study areas. We found that although seasonal weather conditions differ between locations, flying squirrels in Humboldt and San Bernardino had similar vocal activity patterns across nightly active periods between locations and between summer and winter. Nightly activity patterns of when the three main chirp‐like call‐types (arc chirps, tonal chirps, upsweeps) were given varied between seasons in both geographic locations, and these call‐types were given at greater rates in the summer in San Bernardino, but rates did not vary by season in Humboldt. Trills, the most structurally complex of the four main call‐types, were produced more in the summer than in winter, and also differed in their nightly activity patterns, in both geographic locations. Flying squirrels may use certain call‐types earlier or later in the nightly active period due to their potentially varying functions, and may produce more trills in the summer coinciding with the breeding season. Further understanding of the function of different call‐types can provide insight into social, foraging, and antipredator behavior of this nocturnal and elusive species.
Assessing signs of central sensitization: A critical review of physiological measures in experimentally induced secondary hyperalgesia
Authors: Leone Caterina M. , Lenoir Cedric , van den Broeke Emanuel N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCentral sensitization (CS) is believed to play a role in many chronic pain conditions. Direct non‐invasive recording from single nociceptive neurons is not feasible in humans, complicating CS establishment. This review discusses how secondary hyperalgesia (SHA), considered a manifestation of CS, affects physiological measures in healthy individuals and if these measures could indicate CS. It addresses controversies about heat sensitivity changes, the role of tactile afferents in mechanical hypersensitivity and detecting SHA through electrical stimuli. Additionally, it reviews the potential of neurophysiological measures to indicate CS presence.Databases and Data TreatmentFour databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Cochrane Library, were searched using terms linked to ‘hyperalgesia’. The search was limited to research articles in English conducted in humans until 2023.ResultsEvidence for heat hyperalgesia in the SHA area is sparse and seems to depend on the experimental method used. Minimal or no involvement of tactile afferents in SHA was found. At the spinal level, the threshold of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (RIII) is consistently reduced during experimentally induced SHA. The RIII area and the spinal somatosensory potential (N13‐SEP) amplitude are modulated only with long‐lasting nociceptive input. At the brain level, pinprick‐evoked potentials within the SHA area are increased.ConclusionsMechanical pinprick hyperalgesia is the most reliable behavioural readout for SHA, while the RIII threshold is the most sensitive neurophysiological readout. Due to scarce data on reliability, sensitivity and specificity, none of the revised neurophysiological methods is currently suitable for CS identification at the individual level.SignificanceGathering evidence for CS in humans is a crucial research focus, especially with the increasing interest in concepts such as ‘central sensitization‐like pain’ or ‘nociplastic pain’. This review clarifies which readouts, among the different behavioural and neurophysiological proxies tested in experimental settings, can be used to infer the presence of CS in humans.
Impact of pulsed light treatment on achieving microbial safety, enzymatic stability, and shelf life extension of dragon fruit juice
Authors: Kamble Shatabdi V. , Lele Smita S. , Chakraborty Snehasis , Annapure Uday S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to microbial and enzymatic spoilage, dragon fruit juice has a limited shelf life. This study examines the shelf life of dragon fruit juice treated with thermal and pulsed light (PL) processing and stored at 4°C. The thermal treatment at 95°C/3 min and PL treatment at 1.4 J cm−2 produce a microbially safe juice. Both thermal and PL‐treated juice samples were packed in ethylene vinyl alcohol pouches and stored at refrigerated conditions (4°C). The juice's microbial, enzymatic, and biochemical attributes were analyzed over 30 days of refrigerated storage. There is no significant influence (p < 0.05) on total soluble solids, pH, and titratable acidity. The thermally treated juice loses 36% of the total phenols and 22% of antioxidants. The loss of bioactive compounds is higher in thermal than in PL treatment. The shelf life of PL‐treated juice is 25 days, and thermal treatment juice is 30 days, based on the microbial analysis (6 log10 CFU mL−1). The study affirms the potential of PL treatment as an alternative technique for preserving dragon fruit juice.
Identification of immune infiltration and PANoptosis‐related molecular clusters and predictive model in Alzheimer's disease based on transcriptome analysis
Authors: Mei Jin‐Lin , Wang Shi‐Feng , Zhao Yang‐Yang , Xu Ting , Luo Yong , Xiong Liu‐Lin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aims to explore the expression profile of PANoptosis‐related genes (PRGs) and immune infiltration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus database, this study investigated the differentially expressed PRGs and immune cell infiltration in AD and explored related molecular clusters. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was used to analyze the expression of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes in different clusters. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis was utilized to find co‐expressed gene modules and core genes in the network. By analyzing the intersection genes in random forest, support vector machine, generalized linear model, and extreme gradient boosting (XGB), the XGB model was determined. Eventually, the first five genes (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor Superfamily Member 1B, Interleukin 4 Receptor, Chloride Intracellular Channel 1, TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 10B) in XGB model were selected as predictive genes. This research explored the relationship between PANoptosis and AD and established an XGB learning model to evaluate and screen key genes. At the same time, immune infiltration analysis showed that there were different immune infiltration expression profiles in AD.
Osseointegration and Histopathological Evaluation of Titanium–Titanium Diboride Composite Compared to Pure Titanium Implant Materials Prepared by Powder Metallurgy (In Vivo Study)
Authors: Aljafery Ali Mohammad Ali , Fatalla Abdalbseet A. , Haider Julfikar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe efficacy and osseointegration rate of an implant depend on its biocompatibility. Modern implantology seeks fast and reliable osseointegration, which is essential for clinical success. The objective of this research was to assess the osseointegration and biocompatibility of a titanium–titanium diboride composite (Ti‐TiB2) in rabbits in contrast to those of pure titanium (Ti). A total of 64 cylindrical implant specimens were fabricated, consisting of two sets: pure Ti (32 implants) and Ti‐TiB2 composite (32 implants). In this study, two implants were implanted per tibia (left and right tibias) in 16 white male New Zealand rabbits, for a total of four implants per rabbit (4 × 16 = 64 implants). A pushout test was used to assess implant specimen‐bone bonding after 2 and 6 weeks of healing. The experiment utilized five rabbits per healing phase, which means that 20 implants per time point were used for the pushout tests. (10 for pure Ti and 10 for the composite). Histology was used to examine the tissue response to biocompatibility, and histomorphometry was used to measure new bone growth at the two time points. With three rabbits per time point, 12 implants were employed for the histological analyses. After implantation, the pushout shear strength results revealed that the mean shear strength of the Ti‐TiB2 implant specimens (5.4 ± 0.029 MPa for 2 weeks, 7.9 ± 0.029 MPa for 6 weeks) was statistically greater (p < 0.0001) than that of the pure Ti implant specimens (5.1 ± 0.015 MPa for 2 weeks, 6.6 ± 0.047 MPa for 6 weeks). After 2 weeks, woven bone tissues were observed around the pure titanium implants, and active osteoid tissue around the composite implants exhibited significant differences in new bone formation areas (NBFAs) (0.54 ± 0.004 mm2 for Ti and 0.65 ± 0.003 mm2 for the composite). After 6 weeks, there was new bone formation with osteocytes around the pure titanium implants (NBFA of 2.44 mm2) and osteoid maturation with the observation of reversal lines around the composite implants (NBFA of 2.89 mm2). The developed Ti‐TiB2 material was biocompatible and demonstrated superior bone growth compared to that of the pure Ti materials after 2 and 6 weeks.