bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A peer learning intervention targeting newly graduated nurses: A feasibility study with a descriptive design based on the Medical Research Council framework
Authors: Pålsson Ylva , Engström Maria , Leo Swenne Christine , Mårtensson Gunilla 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to describe the feasibility of a peer learning intervention targeting newly graduated nurses. Feasibility was tested concerning consistency of the theoretical description of peer learning with empirical findings in a new context, compliance and acceptability, as well as usability of a questionnaire measuring the intended future outcome variables.BackgroundNewly graduated nurses who meet, socialize and share experiences have described supporting each other's ability to cope with stress. Peer learning involves individuals in a similar situation learning from and with each other through interaction. When implementing new interventions, feasibility studies are used to minimize problems in future evaluation studies.DesignQuasi‐experimental design with an intervention group, followed over time using descriptive methods. The study was based on the Medical Research Council framework.MethodsRepeated semi‐structured interviews, a checklist for fidelity and a questionnaire were conducted with 10 newly graduated nurses from January to March 2015. The intervention's main component included pairs of newly graduated nurses working the same shift and having joint responsibility for a group of patients for a period of 3 weeks. The intervention also included 3 months of regular reflection by the pair.FindingsUsing deductive analysis, the peer learning intervention was found to be consistent with the theoretical description. Due to the compliance and acceptability, there were lessons learnt. The tested questionnaire was found to be useful.ConclusionsThis peer learning intervention seems to be feasible in this context. This study will serve as the basis for a future full‐scale evaluation study.
Stereological assessment of the blood‐air barrier and the surfactant system after mesenchymal stem cell pretreatment in a porcine non‐heart‐beating donor model for lung transplantation
Authors: Schnapper Anke , Christmann Astrid , Knudsen Lars , Rahmanian Parwis , Choi Yeong‐Hoon , Zeriouh Mohamed , Karavidic Samira , Neef Klaus , Sterner‐Kock Anja , Guschlbauer Maria , Hofmaier Florian , Maul Alexandra C. , Wittwer Thorsten , Wahlers Thorsten , Mühlfeld Christian , Ochs Matthias 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMore frequent utilization of non‐heart‐beating donor (NHBD) organs for lung transplantation has the potential to relieve the shortage of donor organs. In particular with respect to uncontrolled NHBD, concerns exist regarding the risk of ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) injury‐related graft damage or dysfunction. Due to their immunomodulating and tissue‐remodelling properties, bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been suspected of playing a beneficial role regarding short‐ and long‐term survival and function of the allograft. Thus, MSC administration might represent a promising pretreatment strategy for NHBD organs. To study the initial effects of warm ischaemia and MSC application, a large animal lung transplantation model was generated, and the structural organ composition of the transplanted lungs was analysed stereologically with particular respect to the blood–gas barrier and the surfactant system. In this study, porcine lungs (n = 5/group) were analysed. Group 1 was the sham‐operated control group. In pigs of groups 2–4, cardiac arrest was induced, followed by a period of 3 h of ventilated ischaemia at room temperature. In groups 3 and 4, 50 × 106 MSCs were administered intravascularly via the pulmonary artery and endobronchially, respectively, during the last 10 min of ischaemia. The left lungs were transplanted, followed by a reperfusion period of 4 h. Then, lungs were perfusion‐fixed and processed for light and electron microscopy. Samples were analysed stereologically for IR injury‐related structural parameters, including volume densities and absolute volumes of parenchyma components, alveolar septum components, intra‐alveolar oedema, and the intracellular and intra‐alveolar surfactant pool. Additionally, the volume‐weighted mean volume of lamellar bodies (lbs) and their profile size distribution were determined. Three hours of ventilated warm ischaemia was tolerated without eliciting histological or ultrastructural signs of IR injury, as revealed by qualitative and quantitative assessment. However, warm ischaemia influenced the surfactant system. The volume‐weighted mean volume of lbs was reduced significantly (P = 0.024) in groups subjected to ischaemia (group medians of groups 2–4: 0.180–0.373 μm³) compared with the sham control group (median 0.814 μm³). This was due to a lower number of large lb profiles (size classes 5–15). In contrast, the intra‐alveolar surfactant system was not altered significantly. No significant differences were encountered comparing ischaemia alone (group 2) or ischaemia plus application of MSCs (groups 3 and 4) in this short‐term model.
Efficacy and safety of topical depigmenting agent in healthy human fair skin female volunteers: A single‐arm study
Authors: Shah Saurabh , Chew Soon‐Keong 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundSkin hyperpigmentation is the darkening of skin due to the increased production of melanin in the body.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a botanical‐based Rosa E pigmentation serum in healthy fair skin female volunteers with wrinkles, skin tone, and pigmentation.MethodsThis was a single‐arm, open label study conducted in healthy Indian females; 18 subjects aged 30‐55, having fair Caucasian‐like skin with at least 2 dark skin pigments with facial wrinkles diagnosed by dermatologist were selected. Rosa E pigmentation serum was applied twice a day for 84 days. Effect was evaluated by (i) instrumental technique (spectrophotometer® 2600D), (ii) clinically by dermatologist regarding product efficacy (skin tone, antiwrinkle, pigmentation), and (iii) volunteers self‐evaluation.ResultsThe L* value of spectrophotometer reading represents lightness in the skin pigment. Reduction in the pigment was reported from day 14, with significant reductions observed till day 84 compared with baseline. Significant (P < .0001) skin pigmentation lightening was seen on day 14 (1.11) vastly improving on day 84 (1.94) based on photographic assessments. The significant reduction in skin pigment was 76.85%, Felix von Luschan skin color score was 30.24% (P < .0001) with a 7.38‐fold reduction in skin tone and 57% reduction in facial wrinkles at day 84 from baseline.ConclusionsRosa E pigmentation serum was found safe and effective in significant reduction in skin pigments, improvement of skin tone, and antiwrinkle properties instrumentally, clinically, and self‐evaluation by volunteers. In these evaluations, best results were seen the longer the Rosa E was used.
Recruiting to cohort studies in specialist healthcare services: Lessons learned from clinical research nurses inUKcleft services
Authors: Zucchelli Fabio , Rumsey Nichola , Humphries Kerry , Bennett Rhiannon , Davies Amy , Sandy Jonathan , Stock Nicola Marie 
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the experiences of clinical research nurses recruiting patients in a large specialist care‐based cohort study.BackgroundLongitudinal studies are vital to better understand the aetiology and moderators of health conditions. This need is especially salient for congenital conditions, such as cleft lip and/or palate, where establishing large, comprehensive data sets from birth is vital to improve understanding and to inform interventions. Various barriers exist in recruiting patients to large cohort studies. The role of clinical research nurses embedded within health settings has grown over past decades to facilitate data collection, yet challenges remain.DesignQualitative descriptive study.MethodsIndividual semi‐structured interviews with 12 clinical research nurses based in 10 National Health Service cleft services across the UK, recruiting to the Cleft Collective Birth Cohort Study.ResultsOf seven emergent themes, three highlighted challenges to recruiting patients, another three described facilitative factors, and one theme overlapped challenges and facilitators. Challenges included the life circumstances of potential participants; language barriers; and limited clinical research nurse time for study. Facilitative factors included integrating research into clinical practice; patient information shared with clinical research nurses; and support from the university‐based research study team. The theme “Method of data collection” related to both challenges and facilitators.ConclusionsThe qualitative data from clinical research nurses recruiting to a large birth cohort study provide helpful practical detail for specialist healthcare teams, specialist nurses, clinical research nurses and researchers looking to optimise recruitment and data collection in longitudinal studies.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings suggest the importance of specialist clinical services and research study teams cooperating to embed research into everyday clinical practice, without compromising care. This should facilitate patients’ willingness to participate in important research like the Cleft Collective study and provide them with a positive experience of research.
The effectiveness of clinical pathway‐directed care on hospitalisation‐related outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Mohamed Warda Ramadan Abouzeid , Leach Matthew J. , Reda Nagwa Ahmad , Abd‐Ellatif Mohammad Mohamed , Mohammed Mona Aly , Abd‐Elaziz Mervat Anwar 
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectivesTo compare the effectiveness of clinical pathway‐directed care to usual care on hospitalisation‐related outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI).BackgroundSevere traumatic brain injury is a major cause of disability and mortality in young adults. Clinical pathways endeavour to bring evidence and clinical practice closer together to foster the delivery of best practice and to improve patient outcomes.DesignQuasi‐experimental study.MethodsThe study was conducted in a trauma intensive care unit of a large teaching hospital in Egypt. Patients aged 18–60 years with a diagnosis ofSTBI, a Glasgow Coma Scale score between 3–8 and a nonpenetrating head injury were consecutively assigned to 15 days of care. The outcomes assessed were complications related to hospitalisation, clinical variances, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay,ICUreadmission rate and patient/family satisfaction.ResultsSixty participants completed the study (30 in each arm). Apart from age, there were no significant differences between groups in baseline characteristics. The clinical pathway group demonstrated statistically significantly fewer cases of hospitalisation‐related complications on day 15, and a significantly shorter length ofICUstay, lowerICUreadmission rate and a high level of patient/family satisfaction when compared with the usual care group. The effect of the intervention on fever, pressure ulceration, hyperglycaemia and readmission to theICUwas no longer statistically significant after controlling for age.ConclusionsThe findings of the current study suggest that the implementation of a clinical pathway for patients with severeTBImay be helpful in improving the patient experience as well as some hospitalisation‐related outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceThe provision of clinical pathway‐directed care in a traumaICUmay offer benefits to the patient, family and institution beyond that provided by usual care.
Nurses’ preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks: A literature review and narrative synthesis of qualitative evidence
Authors: Lam Stanley K. K. , Kwong Enid W. Y. , Hung Maria S. Y. , Pang Samantha M. C. , Chiang Vico C. L. 
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the core components that constitute nurses’ preparedness in an epidemic event.BackgroundHealthcare service providers have worked to augment efforts to protect the public from the impact of epidemic events. While constituting the major healthcare taskforce, nurses are frequently tasked with fronting the response to an infectious disease outbreak. Given the crucial role of nurses in the management of prevailing epidemics, the constituents of their preparedness in epidemic events should be identified.DesignA systematic search was undertaken to identify eligible studies from the literature. A narrative synthesis approach was employed to extract and synthesise findings of the reviewed qualitative studies.MethodsSeven qualitative studies on nurses’ experience and perceptions of epidemic events were examined for scientific quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist. Findings of these studies were synthesised adopting a narrative synthesis approach.ResultsThree interplaying themes were identified as follows: (i) personal resources, (ii) workplace resources and (iii) situational influences. The findings suggest that an effective epidemic outbreak response would require further effort to reinforce the interplay between individual nurses, healthcare institutions and the governments.ConclusionsThe practical interplay among individual nurses, healthcare institutions and the governments is crucial in establishing an effective epidemic response. Further research on the understanding of the dynamic process of preparedness development is recommended to set future directions in research.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study offers important insights for devising future strategies in enhancing nurses’ preparedness and response to an epidemic event. These include recommendations on providing education and training to nurses regarding infectious diseases, fostering institutional assistance and support in an outbreak and revising government policies and planning.
Impact of untreated dental caries on the daily activities of children
Authors: Souza João Gabriel Silva , Souza Samilly Evangelista , Noronha Mayara dos Santos , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e , Martins Andrea Maria Eleutério de Barros Lima 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesUntreated dental caries can compromise oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). However, it is not clear which specific daily activities related to OHRQoL are compromised by the presence of this problem. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify which specific daily activities are affected by the presence of untreated dental caries using a representative sample of Brazilian children.MethodsA cross‐sectional study using a representative sample of Brazilian children (12 years of age) was conducted. The presence of untreated dental caries was assessed using the “decayed – D” component of the DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) index. Clinical exams were conducted by trained and calibrated dentists. The daily activities were evaluated using the survey Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP), considering items and domains. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple analyses were conducted (α = 0.05).ResultsA total of 7,247 children were included, and 39.9 percent had at least one tooth with untreated dental caries, with 33.5 percent experiencing an impact on at least one of the OIDP activities. This study identified a greater chance of the presence of untreated dental caries in children having an impact on the psychological domain (P = 0.006), as well as on the “difficulty eating” (P = 0.007), and “difficulty sleeping” (P = 0.023) items.ConclusionThe presence of untreated dental caries among Brazilian children was associated with an impact on specific daily activities (difficulty eating and sleeping) and the psychological domain of OHRQoL.
A review of sleep disturbance in children and adolescents with anxiety
Authors: Brown Wilson J. , Wilkerson Allison K. , Boyd Stephen J. , Dewey Daniel , Mesa Franklin , Bunnell Brian E. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe present review examines the relations between sleep disturbance and anxiety in children and adolescents. The review begins with a detailed discussion of normative developmental trends in sleep, and the relation between sleep quality and emotion dysregulation in children. The extant literature on sleep disturbance in clinically anxious children with a focus on subjective versus objective measures of sleep is then summarized in detail. Finally, a review of the reciprocal relationship between sleep and emotion regulation is provided. The available research suggests that sleep disturbance is quite prevalent in children with anxiety disorders, although the directionality of the association between sleep disturbance and anxiety in children remains unclear. Despite this limitation, a reciprocal relationship between sleep quality and anxiety appears to be well established. Research using objective measures of sleep quality (e.g. polysomnography, sleep actigraphy, sleep bruxism) is warranted to better understand this relation. Further, complicating factors such as the environment in which sleep quality is measured, the developmental stage of participants, varying severity of anxiety and the timeframe during which assessment takes place should all be considered when examining sleep disturbance in this population.
Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate‐to‐Lipid Ratio on Growth and Carcass Composition of Juvenile Abalone, Haliotis discus, Reeve 1846
Authors: Lee Ki W. , Kim Hee S. , Jeong Hae S. , Kim June , Yun Ah‐Yeong , Cho Sung H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe optimal dietary carbohydrate (C) : lipid (L) ratio on growth and carcass composition of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus, was determined. A total of 1260 juveniles were randomly distributed into 18 containers. Six experimental diets containing different ratios of C to L (49:1, 48:2, 47:3, 45:5, 43:7, and 41:9) were prepared and referred to as the C49:L1, C48:L2, C47:L3, C45:L5, C43:L7, and C41:L9 diets, respectively. Water stability of the experimental diets was measured 12, 24, and 48 h after seawater immersion. Crude protein, L and ash content of the experimental diets decreased with time. Survival of abalone fed the C48:L2 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the C49:L1 and C41:L9 diets. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed the C49:L1, C48:L2, and C47:L3 diets were higher than that of abalone fed the C45:L5, C43:L7, and C41:L9 diets. Crude L content of the soft body of abalone was directly reflected from dietary crude L content. In conclusion, the optimal dietary C : L ratio was estimated to be 48:2 and 47:3 based on survival, weight gain, and SGR of juvenile abalone, respectively. Greater than 3% L content in the diet deteriorated performance of this species of abalone.
Ancient chromosomal rearrangement associated with local adaptation of a postglacially colonized population of Atlantic Cod in the northwest Atlantic
Authors: Sinclair‐Waters Marion , Bradbury Ian R. , Morris Corey J. , Lien Sigbjørn , Kent Matthew P. , Bentzen Paul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntraspecific diversity is central to the management and conservation of exploited species, yet knowledge of how this diversity is distributed and maintained in the genome of many marine species is lacking. Recent advances in genomic analyses allow for genome‐wide surveys of intraspecific diversity and offer new opportunities for exploring genomic patterns of divergence. Here, we analysed genome‐wide polymorphisms to measure genetic differentiation between an offshore migratory and a nonmigratory population and to define conservation units of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) in coastal Labrador. A total of 141 individuals, collected from offshore sites and from a coastal site within Gilbert Bay, Labrador, were genotyped using an ~11k single nucleotide polymorphism array. Analyses of population structure revealed strong genetic differentiation between migratory offshore cod and nonmigratory Gilbert Bay cod. Genetic differentiation was elevated for loci within a chromosomal rearrangement found on linkage group 1 (LG1) that coincides with a previously found double inversion associated with migratory and nonmigratory ecotype divergence of cod in the northeast Atlantic. This inverted region includes several genes potentially associated with adaptation to differences in salinity and temperature, as well as influencing migratory behaviour. Our work provides evidence that a chromosomal rearrangement on LG1 is associated with parallel patterns of divergence between migratory and nonmigratory ecotypes on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
Preliminary study on the effects of heavy metals on the growth and some antioxidant enzymes in Arthrospira platensis‐M2 strain
Authors: Önem Burçin , Doğru Ali , Ongun Sevindik Tuğba , Tunca Hatice 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYIn this study, we have analyzed superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, biomass accumulation and chlorophyll‐a content in the Arthrospira platensis‐M2 strain grown at different concentrations of zinc (Zn), tin (Sn) and mercury (Hg). We found that there is a close relationship between chlorophyll‐a content and biomass accumulation in A. platensis‐M2 strain as a result of Zn, Sn and Hg exposures. Sn was found to be the most toxic heavy metal among others because of the continious inhibition of both biomass and chlorophyll‐a accumulation at 500 and 1000 μg mL−1 concentrations after the third day of the study, while they represented continuous increases at each Zn and Hg concentration over 7 days. Lower concentrations of Zn and Sn stimulate SOD and GR activities remarkably, probably due to oxidative stress caused by heavy metal toxicity. APX activity was significantly lowered by higher concentrations of the three metals used in this study. Our results suggest that higher heavy metal concentrations inhibited SOD, APX and GR activities but biomass and chlorophyll‐a accumulation endured in a time‐dependent manner, possibly due to some different defence mechanisms, which remain to be investigated.
Early signs of cardiovascular dysregulation in young adult binge drinkers
Authors: Vaschillo Evgeny G. , Vaschillo Bronya , Buckman Jennifer F. , Heiss Sydney , Singh Gurpreet , Bates Marsha E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBinge drinking is widespread on American college campuses, but its effects on the cardiovascular system are poorly understood. This study sought evidence of preclinical cardiovascular changes in binge drinking young adults (n = 24) compared to nondrinking (n = 24) and social drinking (n = 23) peers during baseline, paced sighing (0.033 Hz), and paced breathing (0.1 Hz) tasks. Binge drinkers showed consistent but often statistically nonsignificant evidence of greater sympathetic activation and reduced baroreflex sensitivity. Interestingly, the structure of group‐averaged baseline heart rate spectra was considerably different between groups in the low frequency range (0.05–0.15 Hz). In particular, the binge drinking group–averaged spectra showed several spectral peaks not evident in the other groups, possibly indicating two functionally distinct subranges (0.05–0.08 and 0.08–0.15 Hz) that reflect vascular tone baroreflex activity and heart rate baroreflex activity, respectively. Vascular tone baroreflex gain and power in two peaks in the 0.05–0.08 Hz range were associated with years of drinking in the binge drinking group. Vascular dysfunction may be an early indicator of drinking‐related change in the cardiovascular system.