bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-traumatic Stress Spectrum and Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum in Parents of Children with Epilepsy: Correlations and Gender Differences
Authors: Carmassi C. , Corsi M. , Gesi C. , Bertelloni C.A. , Pedrinelli V. , Massimetti G. , Bonuccelli A. , Orsini A. , Dell’Osso L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionData that assess the co-morbidity between post-traumatic stress symptoms and autism spectrum are scarce. Nevertheless, some authors suggested that subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), due to their difficulty in understanding the codes of communication, empathy, expression, are lower resilience to traumas.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore in a sample of parents of children with epilepsy, the presence of correlations between the symptoms of post-traumatic stress and adult autism subthreshold spectrum.MethodsSeventy-seven parents completed the Trauma and Loss Spectrum Self-Report (TALS-SR), specifically modified for one's son epileptic disease, and 72 parents completed the AdAS Spectrum (Adult Autism subthreshold Spectrum).ResultsEight subjects (11.1%) presented a total score ≥45 at the AdAS Spectrum, corresponding to the satisfaction of a symptomatic ASD criteria and indicative of the Adult Autism Spectrum subthreshold. More specifically, a total score ≥45 was found in 7 (15.9%) of mothers and 1 (3.6%) of the fathers, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.139).Noteworthy correlations between TALS and AdAS, emerged only in the subgroup of the fathers. In particular, a relevant number of moderate to good correlations emerged between the Domain II (reactions to the events of loss) of the TALS-SR and the AdAS Domain III (non verbal communication), Domain VI (restricted interests and ruminations) and total score.ConclusionsResults indicate that this peculiar psychopathological model could lead to increased vulnerability to effects of the trauma, in particular in male.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Flourishing: Factors associated with positive mental health among young adults with neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K. , Lämsä R. , Annamari T.H. 
Published: June 2017

Young people with Asperger's syndrome and/or ADHD face major challenges in their lives affecting their quality of life and general well-being.The aim of this study was to investigate factors that associate with positive mental health (flourishing) among young adults with neuropsychiatric disorders.The sample consisted of 188 young adults with diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome (AS) (F84.5) and/or ADHD/ADD (F90). They participated in the one-year “My Way” rehabilitation programme organized and funded by the social insurance institution of Finland. Baseline questionnaires included measures on positive mental health (SWEMWBS), provisions of social relationships (SPS), social competence (MASC) and questions about functional capacity and leisure time activities. Information on diagnosis was received from doctors’ statements.Of the study participants, 35% had a comorbid mood, anxiety or stress-related disorder (F30-F40). Among those, 14% had low, 79% moderate and 7% high positive mental health (flourishing). Higher rate of physical activity was associated with flourishing. Furthermore, flourishing was associated with high level of provisions of social relationships, social competence as well as good general functional capacity. No association was found with engagement in employment or education, or having the diagnosis of AS, ADHD/ADD or a comorbid psychiatric disorder (F30–F40).People with psychiatric disorders experience high positive mental health, too. Social relations, social competence and general functional capacity play an important role in mental well-being of young adults with neuropsychiatric disorders. Supporting them may help in reaching also other goals set for the rehabilitation, such as capacity to work or study.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neurobiological Mechanisms of Problem Gambling and Treatment
Authors: Goudriaan A. , van Holst R. , van Timmeren T. 
Published: June 2017

Background and aimsIn the past decade, neurobiological research on pathological gambling has flourished. Based on neurobiological similarities between pathological gambling and substance use disorders and similarities in genetics, diagnostic criteria, and effective treatments, pathological gambling was the first behavioral addiction to be included in the DSM-5 within the revised category Substance-related and addictive disorders.In this presentation novel findings from gambling research in our research group focusing on the role of impulsivity, anticipation towards monetary outcomes, and the interaction between stress and cue reactivity will be presented, with a focus on new functional MRI results. An overview will be given on the concepts of impulsivity and compulsivity in pathological gambling and relevant neurocognitive and neuroimaging findings. Implications of neurobiological research for novel intervention research, such as in neuromodulation studies and personalized medicine will be highlighted.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Differences in empathy in Italian university students: Are medical students more or less empathetic?
Authors: Pascucci M. , Di Sabatino D. , Stella E. , La Montagna M. , Nicastro R. , Grandinetti P. , Testa R. , Parente P. , Pozzi G. , Janiri L. , Ventriglio A. , Bellomo A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEmpathy is the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing. It is an important quality in the medical profession, since it is fundamental in interpersonal relationships with patients. Nevertheless, many studies have found that over time medical students (MS) become less empathic and more detached from patients.Objectives and aimsTo determine MS loss of empathy and to study the differences in empathy between MS and other university students who are not involved in healthcare.MethodsWe enrolled 244 MS (120 of the 1st year and 124 of the last year) and 125 other university students not involved in healthcare, in different universities in Rome and Foggia (Italy). They anonymously and voluntarily completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and Baron Cohen's empathy quotient test (EQ).ResultsWe found no differences regarding EQ total score between MS and other students, however there are few differences considering individual EQ items. In particular, MS really like taking care of others (P = 0.005) and they are sometimes considered to be rude, even if only they are only blunt (P = 0.006). We found no differences in empathy between first year and last year MS.ConclusionsIn our sample of Italian students, we have not found MS to be more or less empathetic than other university students, but there are some peculiar differences in empathy that make them better suited to the chosen course of study. Moreover, we found no differences between the different years of medical school.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Training occupational therapists in how to use cognitive behavioral therapy in their practice
Authors: Slepecky M. , Huri M. , Sahin S. , Kayihan H. , Prasko J. , Kotianova A. , Popelkova M. , Zatkova M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionCognitive behavior therapy (CBT), which is used by mental health professionals including occupational therapists (OT) is a time-sensitive, structured, present-oriented therapy directed toward solving current problems and teaching clients skills to modify dysfunctional thinking and behavior.ObjectivesSupporting the development of CBT theory and efficient use by mental health professionals are vital.AimTo present the results of CBT training for OTs, which was funded by “European Union technical assistance for increasing the employability of people with disabilities” project (Europe Aid/136449/IH/SER/TR).MethodsUsing a basic CBT theoretical framework the participants attended 96 hour face to face training modules with written materials including fundamental features, preconditions and methods used in CBT. A Turkish CBT book was published for course. Participants trained their skills under supervision and send the results to educators. Pre-post of training CBT knowledge and quality of training (plan-contents, educators, and environment) were evaluated by 5-Likert scale.ResultsThirty OTs (f = 23, m = 7) mostly 43.3% PhD; 20–25 (30%) and 45–50 (26.7%) years age period were included. Total mean score for quality of education was 109.4 ± 29.4 with 23.63 ± 4.34, 47.36 ± 6.41, 38.40 ± 21.61 for plan-contents, educators, and environment subscores, respectively. CBT knowledge was increased from 15.70 ± 6.08 to 45.06 ± 4.59 (P < 0.001).ConclusionTraining increased CBT awareness and practice skills of OTs. Teaching OTs CBT may increase their understanding of person-environment-occupation approach, psychological problem solving, occupational engagement and participation of individuals. Our result supports that mental health professionals should collaborate to share ideas, develop guidelines and promote good practice examples in client-centered and holistic rehabilitation care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mobile Phone Addiction: Evidence from Empirical Research
Authors: Kuss D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRecent technological innovations have led to a proliferation of mobile and smartphones, which have become the cornerstone of modern societies in the 21st Century in terms of communication, notifications and entertainment. Latest research however suggests that with the advantages offered by mobile technologies, smartphone use today may have a significant impact on mental health and well being. Overuse has been associated with stress, anxiety, depression and addiction.ObjectivesThis talk aims to highlight results of current mobile phone addiction research.AimsTo replicate and extend earlier research with regards to psychopathology (depression, anxiety and stress), mobile phone use and age on problematic mobile phone use and addiction.MethodsIndividuals aged 16 and above participated in an online study that contained a pool of validated psychometric measures. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling.ResultsCalls per day, time spent on the phone and using social media significantly predicted prohibited and dependent mobile phone use, whereas stress predicted dependent use only. Anxiety and depression did not significantly predict problematic mobile phone use. Findings also revealed that problematic mobile phone use is prevalent across all ages and both genders.ConclusionsThe current results have implications for addiction to using mobile phones, and suggest teachers, parents and affected individuals may benefit from awareness and prevention efforts, respectively.This talk is based on Kuss, D.J. et al. (2016). Problematic mobile phone use and addiction: The roles of psychopathology, mobile phone use and age. Under review, and was funded by the British Academy and NTU.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Autoimmune limbic encephalitis: When psychiatric symptoms are not what they seem
Authors: Samico A. , Venâncio Â. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe autoimmune (AI) limbic encephalitis (LE) can manifests as changes in neuropsychiatric functions and can even occur with isolated psychiatric symptoms. Many times it is a manifestation of paraneoplastic syndromes and it is lately diagnosed.ObjectivesOur objective is to increase awareness to this pathology, since initial contact with these patients is often performed by a psychiatrist and its early detection and treatment greatly improve the prognosis of the patients.AimsThe aim of this presentation is to address the AI LE as a differential diagnosis in patients with psychiatric symptoms.MethodsPresentation of a clinical case of AI LE and syndrome revision.ResultsThe clinical case involves a 62-year-old man, with no psychiatric history, who begun to present depressive symptoms, emotional lability, aggressiveness and amnesic deficits with 4 months of evolution. After realize an exhaustive clinical evaluation, a cerebral MRI and LCR analysis, the results were consistent with seronegative AI LE. The patient was treated with corticoid therapy and presented a favorable evolution, with remission of the symptoms.ConclusionsEven though it is a rare pathology, AI LE is an important differential diagnosis to consider in patients with psychiatric symptoms and it is essential to enhance the early detection and treatment of this pathology. This condition also reinforces the role of AI diseases in psychiatric disorders in general, an area, which requires further investigation. With this clinical case, we expect medical professionals to be able to recognize the importance of this diagnosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cotard syndrome: Pathology review
Authors: Samico A. , Perestrelo J. , Venâncio Â. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionCotard syndrome (CS) is a rare neuropsychiatric condition characterized by nihilistic delusions, which may range from negation of existence of parts of the body to delusion of being dead or negation of self-existence, and it requires an urgent and appropriate therapy.ObjectivesOur objective is to highlight the importance of CS, reinforcing that medical professionals should be aware of this pathology to prompt clinical description, diagnostic and treatment.AimsThe aim of this presentation is to alert psychiatrists to this remaining syndrome.MethodsReview of phenomenological and theoretical issues regarding SC.ResultsCS can be found in numerous psychiatric or neurologic pathologies but it is most seen in patients with severe depression. It is typically divided in three subtypes: psychotic depression, Cotard type I, with nihilistic delusions without mood symptoms, and Cotard type II, with mood symptoms and auditory hallucinations. There are numerous etiological hypothesis mechanisms, including unusual perceptual experiences, which can similarly be involved in Capgras delusion, disconnection from emotional or limbic processes, an impaired belief evaluation or a tendency to excessive self-attribution. Frontotemporoparietal circuitry also seems to have an important role in its pathology. Treatment usually involves electroconvulsive therapy, antidepressants and anti-psychotics and the prognosis depends on the underlying disorders.ConclusionsCS is a rare pathology with self-defeating risk and its clinical recognition and proper treatment are essential to improve the prognosis of these patients. Diagnostic criteria or clinical instruments for assessment of this syndrome should be encouraged, since its lack is a limitation for systematic studies and consequent management advances.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome in patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical anti-psychotics: A case control study
Authors: De Silva V. , Senanayake A. , Ratnatunga S.S. , Dissanayake S. , Gamage S. , De Silva S. , Hanwella R. , Wijeyaratne C. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveObjective was to compare the prevalence of probable polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in females treated with atypical anti-psychotics with normal controls.AimsTo compare the prevalence of PCOS in patients treated with atypical anti-psychotics and normal controls. To study the hormone profiles in these two groups.MethodsCases consisted of 102 reproductive age females with schizophrenia treated with atypical anti-psychotics for ≥6 months and had gained ≥10% body weight. Control group was 123 age and BMI matched females. Menstrual history, physical examination for hirsuitism, acne, androgenic alopecia, anthropometrics measures, Ultrasound abdomen and hormone analysis were done.ResultsMean age of cases = 33.17 years (SD 8.9) and controls = 33.08 years (SD 5.6). Mean BMI of cases = 25.92 (SD 5.2) and controls = 25.03 (SD 4.3). Polycystic ovarian morphology of ovaries on ultra sound scan was significantly more in cases 49 (48%) than controls 16 (13.%) (P < 0.001). Probable PCOS was significantly more in atypical anti-psychotic treated females (n = 22, 21.56%) than in normal controls (n = 10, 8.13%) (P = 0.04). Atypical anti-psychotic treated patients with PCOS had significantly lower mean LH levels 6.69 mIU/L than those without PCOS 10.30 (P = 0.35). There was no significant difference in testosterone, FSH, prolactin, TSH and free T4 levels.ConclusionTreatment with atypical anti-psychotics is associated with higher prevalence of PCOS. This has not been reported previously. The hormonal profile in these patients may be different with low testosterone and LH levels.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Long acting injectable aripiprazole: An observational study
Authors: Garcia N. , Brotons J. , Genoves R. , Martinez-Raga J. , Saez C. , Calabuig R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSeveral trials have shown the efficacy of long acting injectable (LAI) second-generation anti-psychotics compared with other anti-psychotics. LAI aripiprazole is a novel therapeutic tool in the management of patients with schizophrenia.AimsThe present study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients who initiated treatment with LAI aripiprazole, by comparing their clinical outcomes prior and after initiating treatment with LAI aripiprazole.MethodsThis observational, retrospective, mirror study assessed a series of socio-demographic and clinical variables during the 12 months prior to commencing LAI aripiprazole, while on another anti-psychotic medication, and the first 12 months of LAI aripiprazole. The sample included a series of consecutive patients receiving LAI aripiprazole at the Doctor Peset university hospital health area, in Valencia (Spain). The variables analyzed in the study included: emergency room visits, number and average length of hospitalizations, relapse, rate of abandonment of treatment and number of anti-psychotics needed as maintenance treatment.ResultsThe preliminary analysis showed a reduction in the rate of emergency room visits and the number of relapse and total hospitalizations while on LAI aripiprazole; however, there is no a reduction of the average length of hospitalizations. A reduction in the number of anti-psychotics as maintenance treatment was not appreciated, however, there was an improvement in treatment adherence.ConclusionsThe preliminary results showed that LAI aripiprazole is an useful option that could suppose a benefit concerning treatment adherence, a decreased in number of relapses and hospitalizations and use of health resources.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressants and how to prevent it. Is vortioxetine effective?
Authors: Saiz Garcia H. , Montes Reula L. , Portilla Fernandez A. , Pereira Sanchez V. , Olmo Lopez N. , Mancha Heredero E. , Rosero Enriquez A.S. , Martinez Parreño M.E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionOne of the most common, and many times hidden, secondary effects of antidepressants drugs use is sexual dysfunction (SD). It has been noted that as many as 20% of patients will discontinue treatment with an SSRI, with one-third of these patients doing so due to adverse reactions.MethodologyA review was conducted aiming to clarify the pathogenesis of sexual dysfunction in depressed patients or taking antidepressants and how to prevent and manage it. The literature search was conducted in PubMed data reviewing articles dating between 2015 and 2016.Results(1) the sexual response cycle is negatively affected in individuals suffering from major depressive disorder, even before initiation of any psychotropic medication. The serotonergic system plays a largely inhibitory role on sexual desire, orgasm, and ejaculation with involvement of the hippocampus and amygdala. Tricyclic antidepressants increase the level of prolactin and indirectly suppress the level of testosterone. (2) Bupropion and vortioxetine are the only antidepressants that have level 1 evidence supporting that they either have a more favorable SD profile. (3) SD with vortioxetine was not statistically higher when compared with placebo, and was statistically lower compared with other SSRIs or SNRIs. (4) There is evidence that antidepressants that are also 5–HT1A receptor agonists (e.g. vortioxetine and vilazodone) may facilitate sexual performance.ConclusionsIn case of SD pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic options are available. Vortioxetine seems to be a good pharmacologic option, with better NNH than SNRI and less SD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical vignette – Aripiprazol long acting injection monotherapy as long-term treatment for bipolar disease
Authors: Solana C. , Nascimento S. , Duarte M. , Mendes M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionOver the last decade a number of effective maintenance treatments for bipolar disorder (BPD) have been developed. Lithium remains the best-established option, but valproic acid, lamotrigine, olanzapine, and quetiapine are also effective maintenance drugs. However, oral administration contributes to lower adherence rates with these drugs. In the United States and Europe, aripiprazole is approved for the acute management of manic and mixed episodes and maintenance in BPD. It presents the advantage of a low risk of metabolic side effects, sexual dysfunction, and sedation, which can facilitate treatment adherence and help improve clinical outcomes.ObjectivesThe authors present an illustrative case on which aripiprazol long acting injection monotherapy was effective as maintenance treatment in a patient with long history of BPD with several hospital inpatient admissions and very poor therapeutic adherence.MethodsCase report based on the patient's file. Narrative review of articles available in PubMed about the use of aripiprazol in BPD.ResultsFor this patient, aripiprazol long acting injection has proved to be an excellent choice for long-term treatment of BPD. The once-a-month injection promotes therapeutic adherence, which in this case was combined with involuntary outpatient treatment, ensuring therapeutic compliance.ConclusionsAripiprazol has been shown to be safe and effective in the maintenance treatment in BPD. It shows similar efficacy and a superior tolerability profile when compared with other well-established treatments. Further studies are needed, warranted by its potential advantages, particularly on patients with poor insight and adherence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.