bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les saints bretons entre légendes et histoire
Authors: Merdrignac Bernard 
Published: October 2016

Quel rapport y a-t-il entre le légendaire des saints bretons qui donne son titre à l’ouvrage et l’enluminure empruntée au Beatus (1086) conservé à la cathédrale de Burgo de Osma (Soria) qui en illustre la couverture ? Aucun, à première vue. Toutefois, ce rapprochement n’est pas aussi artificiel qu’on pourrait le penser. On insiste souvent sur les particularismes des Vies de saints bretons. Elles appartiennent pourtant à un genre littéraire qui fleurit alors dans toute la chrétienté médiévale. Ces textes entendent actualiser l’Écriture sainte au même titre que le programme iconographique de l’abbé Beatus de Liébana (fin du viiie siècle) vient illustrer l’Apocalypse.
L’« épée effilée » placée par saint Jean dans la bouche du « Verbe de Dieu » doit « frapper les nations » avant le premier combat contre la Bête qui inaugurera le règne de mille années auquel auront part les saints (Ap., 19, 15). Cet arrière-plan millénariste que fait ressortir l’enluminure espagnole se décèle aussi derrière la présentation par les hagiographes de l’« Âge des saints » comme le fondement d’une chrétienté bretonne « incréée » (J.-C. Cassard). D’après saint Paul, ce « glaive à deux tranchants » est la parole de Dieu qui « pénètre jusqu’au point de division de l’âme et de l’esprit, des articulations et des moelles » (He., 4, 12). En dépassant l’opposition obsolète entre culture « folklorique » et culture « savante », les études de cas (inédites ou actualisées) présentées par Bernard Merdrignac révèlent la complexité des interactions à l’œuvre dans une littérature relevant d’un « outillage culturel à double tranchant » (J. Le Goff) et donc susceptible de plusieurs niveaux de lecture. Les relations entre l’homme et l’animal (le loup, en particulier), les positions des lettrés à l’égard des géants originels, la place des rapports de « genre » dans cette littérature cléricale, les interférences entre représentations socio-économiques et conceptions idéologiques sont autant de thèmes qui font ressortir l’apport des sources hagiographiques bretonnes à l’histoire religieuse et culturelle du Moyen Âge.
Pediatric Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum in Northern Cyprus
Authors: Sayili Ayse , Ozkan Aysegul Taylan , Schallig Henk D. F. H. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease widespread in the Mediterranean basin, including Cyprus. During the last decades no cases were notified from northern Cyprus, but herein three cases of VL (female: 2, male: 1, median age: 24.6 months) diagnosed during their hospital admission between January 2011 and December 2012 are reported. Diagnosis was based on clinical findings; 1 ≥ 1/64 titer positivity of immunofluorescence antibodies, Leishmania amastigotes in Giemsa-stained slides of bone marrow, as well as molecular identification confirmed that in all three the infecting pathogen was Leishmania infantum. Fever, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly were the typical clinical findings. First-line treatment with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome®; intravenous, 3 mg/kg) on days 1–5, followed by the same on days 10 and 21 yielded a successful outcome with no relapse in all cases. These confirmed VL cases found within 2 years demonstrate the presence of VL on the island.
What controls the low ice number concentration in the upper troposphere?
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Penner Joyce E. , Lin Guangxing , Liu Xiaohong , Wang Minghuai 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Cirrus clouds in the tropical tropopause play a key role in regulating the moisture entering the stratosphere through their dehydrating effect. Low ice number concentrations ( <  200 L−1) and high supersaturations (150–160 %) have been observed in these clouds. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain these low ice number concentrations, including the inhibition of homogeneous freezing by the deposition of water vapour onto pre-existing ice crystals, heterogeneous ice formation on glassy organic aerosol ice nuclei (IN), and limiting the formation of ice number from high-frequency gravity waves. In this study, we examined the effect from three different representations of updraft velocities, the effect from pre-existing ice crystals, the effect from different water vapour deposition coefficients (α  =  0.1 or 1), and the effect of 0.1 % of the total secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles acting as IN. Model-simulated ice crystal numbers are compared against an aircraft observational dataset.Including the effect from water vapour deposition on pre-existing ice particles can effectively reduce simulated in-cloud ice number concentrations for all model setups. A larger water vapour deposition coefficient (α  =  1) can also efficiently reduce ice number concentrations at temperatures below 205 K, but less so at higher temperatures. SOA acting as IN is most effective at reducing ice number concentrations when the effective updraft velocities are moderate ( ∼  0.05–0.2 m s−1). However, the effects of including SOA as IN and using (α  =  1) are diminished when the effect from pre-existing ice is included.When a grid-resolved large-scale updraft velocity ( <  0.1 m s−1) is used, the ice nucleation parameterization with homogeneous freezing only or with both homogeneous freezing and heterogeneous nucleation is able to generate low ice number concentrations in good agreement with observations for temperatures below 205 K as long as the pre-existing ice effect is included. For the moderate updraft velocity ( ∼  0.05–0.2 m s−1), simulated ice number concentrations in good agreement with observations at temperatures below 205 K can be achieved if effects from pre-existing ice, a larger water vapour deposition coefficient (α  =  1), and SOA IN are all included. Using the sub-grid-scale turbulent kinetic energy (TKE)-based updraft velocity ( ∼  0–2 m s−1) always overestimates the ice number concentrations at temperatures below 205 K but compares well with observations at temperatures above 205 K when the pre-existing ice effect is included.
Sturing van warmtenetten: naar een typologie van governance-structuren van warmte-infrastructuren
Authors: Sanders Maurits , Brunnekreef Anne Veerle , Heldeweg Michiel 
Published: October 2016

Steering of heat networks: towards a typology of governance structures for heat infrastructures
A promising option in energy transition is a more efficient use of heat by linking local heating projects to a regional infrastructure. Although this is technologically feasible and the local officials are often benevolent, such projects only scantily get off the ground. The main challenge appears to be the aspect of the appropriate type of governance for the design and use of regional heat networks. The authors of this article developed a governance-typology for heat networks. The aim of the typology is to help unravel the complexity in the planning of heat infrastructures, taking due account of some legal principles. This typology also enables to categorize heating projects. In this way it is possible to provide some insight in the influence of the stakeholders’ preferences on the governance of heat infrastructures. Barriers and opportunities can be reduced that may hinder or promote the use of waste heat. Local officials may use the information for preventing or breaking through deadlocks in the planning of heat infrastructures.
De Eerste Kamer had het laatste woord
Authors: van Beuningen J.B. 
Published: October 2016

De Eerste Kamer had het laatste woord. Over het interactieve totstandkomingsproces van STROOM en de behandeling in de Staten-Generaal
Op 22 december 2015 werd het wetsvoorstel STROOM verworpen door de Eerste Kamer. Het voorstel betrof een herziening van de Gaswet en de Elektriciteitswet 1998, gaf uitvoering aan het Energieakkoord en zou ondersteuning bieden aan de energietransitie. Dit artikel beschrijft het intensieve totstandkomingsproces van het wetsvoorstel dat werd ingericht met transparantie en interactie als uitgangspunten en beschrijft het parlementaire proces dat met STROOM doorlopen werd. Het doel van het totstandkomingsproces was om via horizontale beleidsvorming te komen tot een solide wetsvoorstel, dat door partijen gedragen werd en waarmee het noodzakelijk vertrouwen tussen partijen onderling en in hun verhouding tot de overheid werd hersteld. Uiteindelijk lag er een goed en gedragen wetsvoorstel in de Tweede Kamer, een fair deal, waarbij men op individuele punten had ingeleverd ten behoeve van een groter doel: de energietransitie. Het parlement had echter relatief weinig oog voor de nieuwe beleidsvoornemens, maar focuste zich op de splitsing van de energiebedrijven, een onderwerp dat geen onderdeel had uitgemaakt van het voorbereidingsproces, omdat over de splitsing rechtszaken werden gevoerd. Uiteindelijk is omwille van de splitsing het wetsvoorstel met één stem verschil verworpen. Een onbevredigende uitkomst: de energietransitie liep vertraging op en de splitsingsbepalingen bleven onverkort van toepassing. Hoe kon dat gebeuren?
Emotional politics on Facebook. An exploratory study of Podemos’ discourse during the European election campaign 2014
Authors: Sampietro Agnese , Valera Ordaz Lidia 
Published: October 2016

The results of the European elections 2014 in Spain were characterized by the outstanding rise of a new party, Podemos, which obtained five seats in the European Parliament, despite being founded few months before the elections. The present study analyzes both the content and the presence of emotions in Podemos’ discourse on Facebook during the European electoral campaign. In particular, the affective content of both the party’s discourse and the comments of its followers will be analyzed through a pragmatic linguistic approach applied to a corpus of 163 posts and 215 followers’ comments. Results show an insistence on positive emotions in the party’s discourse and a prevalence of negative emotions in the comments of the citizens.Los resultados en España de las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo de 2014 se caracterizaron por el surgimiento de un nuevo partido, Podemos, que, a pesar de haber sido fundado pocos meses antes de las elecciones, obtuvo cinco escaños en el Parlamento Europeo. En este trabajo analizamos el contenido y la presencia de emociones en el discurso de Podemos en Facebook durante la campaña electoral europea. Concretamente, se analiza el contenido afectivo del discurso del partido y de los comentarios de sus seguidores mediante una aproximación lingüística pragmática aplicada a 163 posts y 215 comentarios. Los resultados muestran una insistencia en emociones positivas por parte del partido y una prevalencia de emociones negativas en los comentarios de los internautas.
Performance of maximum likelihood mixture models to estimate nursery habitat contributions to fish stocks: a case study on sea breamSparus aurata
Authors: Niklitschek Edwin J. , Darnaude Audrey M. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundMixture models (MM) can be used to describe mixed stocks considering three sets of parameters: the total number of contributing sources, their chemical baseline signatures and their mixing proportions. When all nursery sources have been previously identified and sampled for juvenile fish to produce baseline nursery-signatures, mixing proportions are the only unknown set of parameters to be estimated from the mixed-stock data. Otherwise, the number of sources, as well as some/all nursery-signatures may need to be also estimated from the mixed-stock data. Our goal was to assess bias and uncertainty in these MM parameters when estimated using unconditional maximum likelihood approaches (ML-MM), under several incomplete sampling and nursery-signature separation scenarios.MethodsWe used a comprehensive dataset containing otolith elemental signatures of 301 juvenileSparus aurata, sampled in three contrasting years (2008, 2010, 2011), from four distinct nursery habitats. (Mediterranean lagoons) Artificial nursery-source and mixed-stock datasets were produced considering: five different sampling scenarios where 0–4 lagoons were excluded from the nursery-source dataset and six nursery-signature separation scenarios that simulated data separated 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 standard deviations among nursery-signature centroids. Bias (BI) and uncertainty (SE) were computed to assess reliability for each of the three sets of MM parameters.ResultsBoth bias and uncertainty in mixing proportion estimates were low (BI≤ 0.14,SE≤ 0.06) when all nursery-sources were sampled but exhibited large variability among cohorts and increased with the number of non-sampled sources up toBI= 0.24 andSE= 0.11. Bias and variability in baseline signature estimates also increased with the number of non-sampled sources, but tended to be less biased, and more uncertain than mixing proportion ones, across all sampling scenarios (BI< 0.13,SE< 0.29). Increasing separation among nursery signatures improved reliability of mixing proportion estimates, but lead to non-linear responses in baseline signature parameters. Low uncertainty, but a consistent underestimation bias affected the estimated number of nursery sources, across all incomplete sampling scenarios.DiscussionML-MM produced reliable estimates of mixing proportions and nursery-signatures under an important range of incomplete sampling and nursery-signature separation scenarios. This method failed, however, in estimating the true number of nursery sources, reflecting a pervasive issue affecting mixture models, within and beyond the ML framework. Large differences in bias and uncertainty found among cohorts were linked to differences in separation of chemical signatures among nursery habitats. Simulation approaches, such as those presented here, could be useful to evaluate sensitivity of MM results to separation and variability in nursery-signatures for other species, habitats or cohorts.
A serum metabolomics‐driven approach predicts orange juice consumption and its impact on oxidative stress and inflammation in subjects from the BIONAOS study
Authors: Rangel‐Huerta Oscar D. , Aguilera Concepcion M. , Perez‐de‐la‐Cruz Antonio , Vallejo Fernando , Tomas‐Barberan Francisco , Gil Angel , Mesa Maria D. 
Published: October 2016

ScopeTo identify biomarkers of orange juice (OJ) consumption containing different doses of polyphenols and to determine its impact on oxidative stress and inflammation using an untargeted metabolomics analysis.Methods and resultsThirty subjects aged 22–63 years from the BIONAOS study consumed a normal‐polyphenol OJ (NPJ) or a high‐polyphenol OJ (HPJ) (299 or 745 mg/L, respectively) for 12 weeks in a randomized, parallel, double‐blind study. UHPLC‐MS, univariate and multivariate statistical analysis and ROC curves were used to design biomarkers of consumption in serum. We propose betonicine, stachydrine, methyl glucopyranoside (alpha+beta), dihydroferulic acid and galactonate as a new metabolic signature to distinguish the intake of OJ with a different polyphenol content. Changes in metabolites related to OJ, oxidative stress and inflammation were observed. After HPJ consumption, the serum levels of hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9‐HODE+13‐HODE) and dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid (12,13‐DiHOME and 9,10‐DiHOME) decreased, whereas levels of 12‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12‐HETE) increased. 5‐HETE increased after the NPJ intervention exclusively.ConclusionWe designed a new panel of biomarkers to differentiate the intake of OJs containing different doses of polyphenols. On the other hand, the consumption of an OJ with a high content of flavanones improved oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers.
The Preparation and Plasticizing Characteristics of the N,N‐bis(2‐Alkoxyethyl) Amides of Long Chain Fatty Acids
Authors: Mod R. R. , Magne F. C. , Skau E. L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA number of N‐acyl derivatives of bis(2‐alkoxyethyl) amines have been prepared, characterized and screened as plasticizers for poly (vinyl chloride‐vinyl acetate) copolymer. Included were the N,N‐bis (2‐alkoxyethyl) amides of saturated (normal and branched), unsaturated, epoxy, dimer, terpenic and naphthenic acids as well as mixed acids from animal fats, rapeseed, Limnanthes douglasii seed, parsley seed and selectively hydrogenated cottonseed oils. With the exception of the linoleic acid derivative, all these amides, including the stearamide derivative, were compatible. Some exhibited low‐temp properties comparable to the adipate plasticizers without the adverse volatility characteristics of the adipates. With the exception of the epoxystearamide derivative the N,N‐bis(2‐alkoxyethyl)amides were inferior to dioctyl phthalate in thermal stability. The N,N‐bis(2‐ethoxyethyl)stearamide is of special significance in that it seems to be the only carboxylic derivative of stearic acid known to be effective as a primary plasticizer.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Bis‐quaternary‐Based Surfactants as Additives for Water‐Based Mud
Authors: Ahmed Sahar M. , Dardir Mona M. , Mohamed Dalia E. , Awad Ashgan I. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTwo series of cationic gemini surfactants, alkanediyl‐α,ω‐bis[N,N‐dimethyl alkyl (octyl or dodecyl)ammonium] dibromide (R‐s‐R; s = 6, 10, 12 and R = 8 and 12) were prepared and evaluated as additives for water‐based mud. The chemical structures of the prepared surfactants were confirmed using FTIR and mass spectroscopy. Surface activity of these compounds has been studied and their surface properties including surface tension, emulsification power, critical micelle concentration, effectiveness, maximum surface excess and minimum surface area were determined. The results showed that the prepared compounds have significant surface activity, especially those of longer hydrophobic chain length. The prepared cationic gemini surfactants were evaluated as viscosifiers and filter loss additives for water‐based mud formulated from local Na‐montmorillonite clay. XRD analysis was carried out to the Na‐montmorillonite clay to determine the interaction of the surfactants with inter layers of the clay structure. Rheological properties, gel strength, thixotropy, filtration properties and the effect of temperature on rheological properties of the water‐based mud were studied. The results indicated that the gemini surfactants have a positive effect on the rheological and filtration properties of the Na‐montmorillonite clay according to American Petroleum Institute specifications.
Characterization of Aroma‐Active Compounds in Iranian cv. Mari Olive Oil by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis and GC–MS‐Olfactometry
Authors: Amanpour Asghar , Kelebek Hasim , Kesen Songul , Selli Serkan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAroma, aroma‐active compounds and fatty acid profiles of Iranian olive oil obtained from the cv. Mari were investigated for the first time in the current study. Aroma extracts were isolated from the oil by using a purge and trap extraction system and their compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐olfactometry (GC–MS‐O). A total of 35 aroma compounds comprising alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, ketones, terpenes and volatile phenols were identified and quantified in the assayed samples. Aldehydes were present at the highest levels, followed by ketones and alcohols. (E)‐2‐Hexenal was quantitatively (1589 µg kg−1) the main aroma compound in the analyzed oils, followed by hexanal and (E)‐2‐heptenal. The aroma‐active volatiles were elucidated in the aromatic extract by applying aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). The results of AEDA revealed 17 aroma‐active compounds. Under these condition it was possible to completely identify 16 of these compounds. Regarding to the flavor dilution (FD) factor, the most potent odorants with the highest FD factor were (E)‐2‐hexenal (512), followed by hexanal, 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, (E)‐2‐decenal and one unknown compound (LRI = 1871). The fatty acid profile of the tested oils was composed of thirteen compounds. Oleic acid was the main fatty acid (76.01 %) followed by palmitic acid.
Dietary options to reduce the environmental impact of milk production
Authors: WILKINSON J. M. , GARNSWORTHY P. C. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYA range of options was explored to test the hypothesis that diets for dairy cows could be formulated to reduce the carbon footprint (CFP) of feed, increase efficiency of conversion of potentially human-edible feed into milk, increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and reduce methane (CH4) emissions per kg milk. Diets based on grazed grass, grass silage, maize silage or straw, supplemented with raw material feeds, were formulated to meet requirements for metabolizable energy and metabolizable protein for a range of daily milk yields. At similar levels of milk yield, NUE, predicted CH4emissions and diet CFP were generally higher for diets based on maize silage than for those based on grazed grass, grass silage or straw. Predicted CH4emissions and human-edible proportion decreased, while NUE increased with the increasing level of milk yield. It is concluded that there is potential to reduce the environmental impact of milk production by altering diet formulation, but the extent to which this might occur is likely to depend on availability of raw material feeds with low CFPs.
Longitudinal alterations in motivational salience processing in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis
Authors: Schmidt A. , Antoniades M. , Allen P. , Egerton A. , Chaddock C. A. , Borgwardt S. , Fusar-Poli P. , Roiser J. P. , Howes O. , McGuire P. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundImpairments in the attribution of salience are thought to be fundamental to the development of psychotic symptoms and the onset of psychotic disorders. The aim of the present study was to explore longitudinal alterations in salience processing in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis.MethodA total of 23 ultra-high-risk subjects and 13 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at two time points (mean interval of 17 months) while performing the Salience Attribution Test to assess neural responses to task-relevant (adaptive salience) and task-irrelevant (aberrant salience) stimulus features.ResultsAt presentation, high-risk subjects were less likely than controls to attribute salience to relevant features, and more likely to attribute salience to irrelevant stimulus features. These behavioural differences were no longer evident at follow-up. When attributing salience to relevant cue features, ultra-high-risk subjects showed less activation than controls in the ventral striatum at both baseline and follow-up. Within the high-risk sample, amelioration of abnormal beliefs over the follow-up period was correlated with an increase in right ventral striatum activation during the attribution of salience to relevant cue features.ConclusionsThese findings confirm that salience processing is perturbed in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis, that this is linked to alterations in ventral striatum function, and that clinical outcomes are related to longitudinal changes in ventral striatum function during salience processing.