bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in vibrissal geometry across the rat mystacial pad: base diameter, medulla, and taper
Authors: Belli Hayley M. , Yang Anne E. T. , Bresee Chris S. , Hartmann Mitra J. Z. 
Published: November 2016

Many rodents tactually sense the world through active motions of their vibrissae (whiskers), which are regularly arranged in rows and columns (arcs) on the face. The present study quantifies several geometric parameters of rat whiskers that determine the tactile information acquired. Findings include the following. 1) A meta-analysis of seven studies shows that whisker base diameter varies with arc length with a surprisingly strong dependence on the whisker's row position within the array. 2) The length of the whisker medulla varies linearly with whisker length, and the medulla's base diameter varies linearly with whisker base diameter. 3) Two parameters are required to characterize whisker “taper”: radius ratio (base radius divided by tip radius) and radius slope (the difference between base and tip radius, divided by arc length). A meta-analysis of five studies shows that radius ratio exhibits large variability due to variations in tip radius, while radius slope varies systematically across the array. 4) Within the resolution of the present study, radius slope does not differ between the proximal and distal segments of the whisker, where “proximal” is defined by the presence of the medulla. 5) Radius slope of the medulla is offset by a constant value from radius slope of the proximal portion of the whisker. We conclude with equations for all geometric parameters as functions of row and column position. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Rats tactually explore their world by brushing and tapping their whiskers against objects. Each whisker's geometry will have a large influence on its mechanics and thus on the tactile signals the rat obtains. We performed a meta-analysis of seven studies to generate equations that describe systematic variations in whisker geometry across the rat's face. We also quantified the geometry of the whisker medulla. A database provides access to geometric parameters of over 500 rat whiskers.
Maintenance of neuronal size gradient in MNTB requires sound-evoked activity
Authors: Weatherstone Jessica H. , Kopp-Scheinpflug Conny , Pilati Nadia , Wang Yuan , Forsythe Ian D. , Rubel Edwin W. , Tempel Bruce L. 
Published: November 2016

The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is an important source of inhibition during the computation of sound location. It transmits fast and precisely timed action potentials at high frequencies; this requires an efficient calcium clearance mechanism, in which plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 (PMCA2) is a key component. Deafwaddler ( dfw 2J) mutant mice have a null mutation in PMCA2 causing deafness in homozygotes ( dfw 2J/ dfw 2J) and high-frequency hearing loss in heterozygotes (+/ dfw 2J). Despite the deafness phenotype, no significant differences in MNTB volume or cell number were observed in dfw 2J homozygous mutants, suggesting that PMCA2 is not required for MNTB neuron survival. The MNTB tonotopic axis encodes high to low sound frequencies across the medial to lateral dimension. We discovered a cell size gradient along this axis: lateral neuronal somata are significantly larger than medially located somata. This size gradient is decreased in +/ dfw 2J and absent in dfw 2J/ dfw 2J. The lack of acoustically driven input suggests that sound-evoked activity is required for maintenance of the cell size gradient. This hypothesis was corroborated by selective elimination of auditory hair cell activity with either hair cell elimination in Pou4f3 DTR mice or inner ear tetrodotoxin (TTX) treatment. The change in soma size was reversible and recovered within 7 days of TTX treatment, suggesting that regulation of the gradient is dependent on synaptic activity and that these changes are plastic rather than permanent. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) act as fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons within the auditory brain stem. The MNTB is topographically organized, with low sound frequencies encoded laterally and high frequencies medially. We discovered a cell size gradient along this axis: lateral neurons are larger than medial neurons. The absence of this gradient in deaf mice lacking plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 suggests an activity-dependent, calcium-mediated mechanism that controls neuronal soma size.
ТОКСИЧНІ ЕФЕКТИ МАРГАНЦЮ
Authors: Fedchyshyn M. P. , Korda M. M. 
Published: November 2016

Марганець – есенційний мікроелемент, необхідний для кровотворення, а також нормального функціонування головного мозку, гормональної та репродуктивної системи, генетичного апарату та антиоксидантної системи клітини. В цій статті проаналізовано дані наукових публікацій та інтернет-ресурсів, що стосуються актуальних питань молекулярної біології, медицини, фізіології та токсикології марганцю. Окреслено проблематику впливу високих доз мангану на людський організм. Описано негативні ефекти, які виникають в організмі людини при його надлишку.
ОСНОВНІ ФАКТОРИ РИЗИКУ У ВИНИКНЕННІ ТА РОЗВИТКУ ХВОРОБ СИСТЕМИ КРОВООБІГУ
Authors: Terenda N. O. 
Published: November 2016

Метою дослідження було дослідити роль основних факторів ризику в розвитку хвороб системи кровообігу. Ми провели систематичний аналіз наукових джерел інформації щодо впливу низки факторів ризику на виникнення та розвиток хвороб системи кровообігу. В статті наведено дані про істотний вплив на стан здоров’я населення України хвороб системи кровообігу. розглянуто основні передумови виникнення та розвитку цих захворювань, проаналізовано причини та зроблено порівняльний аналіз із Європейським регіоном. В Україні протягом останніх років залишаються високі показники захворюваності населення хворобами системи кровообігу. Цьому сприяє низка факторів, які переважно стосуються способу життя та соціально-економічного стану країни.
ГЕНДЕРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АДАПТАЦІЙНИХ ПОРУШЕНЬ У ОСІБ МОЛОДОГО ВІКУ, ЯКІ ПАЛЯТЬ ТЮТЮН
Authors: Kiosieva O. V. 
Published: November 2016

У статті наведено дані вивчення репертуару та ступеня вираженості адаптаційних порушень, асоційованих з тютюнопалінням в осіб молодого віку. З’ясовані спільні та відмінні риси даної психопатології у юнаків та дівчат. Доведений факт наявності ідентичного для обох статей предіктора хімічної адикції в площині психоемоційної сфери реагування на стрес(як психоемоційне навантаження), пов'язаний зі складанням іспитів, напруженими відносинами в соціумі. Отримані дані стали складовою частиною формування диференційованої системи медико-соціальної допомоги при порушеннях адаптації, коморбідних з хімічними аддикциями, у студентської молоді.
МОЖЛИВОСТІ ХІРУРГІЧНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ТРОФІЧНИХ ВИРАЗОК ВЕНОЗНОГО ГЕНЕЗУ НИЖНІХ КІНЦІВОК У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ПОХИЛОГО І СТАРЕЧОГО ВІКУ В АМБУЛАТОРНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Antoniuk-Kysil V. M. , Kucheruk Ye. F. , Kucheruk Ye. F. , Nevmerzhytskyi A. S. , Nevmerzhytskyi A. S. , Les V. M. , Les V. M. 
Published: November 2016

Запропоновано комплекс: оперативну техніку, що “консервує стовбури сафенових вен”, міні-флебектомію за Мюллером, тумесцентну анестезію для хірургічного лікування в амбулаторних умовах геронтологічних пацієнтів із варикозній хворобі нижніх кінцівок функціонального класу С5-6 Sep. As 2.3.4, p17.18 Pr за класифікацією СЕАР з трофічними виразками нижніх кінцівок площею до 10 см2 в один етап, що дозволило отримати через 6 місяців у всіх 78 оперованих пацієнтів позитивний результат: у 56 (71,8 %) хворих – добрий, а в 22 (28,8 %) – задовільний.
ПЕРЕВАГИ ІМУНОКОРЕГУЮЧОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ У КОМПЛЕКСНОМУ ЛІКУВАННІ ЗОВНІШНЬОГО ГЕНІТАЛЬНОГО ЕНДОМЕТРІОЗУ
Authors: Malanchuk I. S. , Krasnianska L. O. 
Published: November 2016

В статті відображено результати клінічних досліджень про вплив імуномодулятора 5-аміно-1,2,3,4-тетрагідрофталазин-1,4-діону натрієвої солі на результати комплексного лікування зовнішнього генітального ендометріозу (ЗГе). Простежено зміни ступеня вираження больового синдрому, частоту та тривалість рецидивів, репродуктивної функції жінки, а також гуморальної та клітинної ланок імунітету (сD-3, сD-4, сD-8, сD-16, сD-22-клітини). Під спостереженням перебувало 66 пацієнток із зовнішнім генітальним ендометріозом, які знаходилися на лікуванні у відділенні малоінвазивної хірургії КЗ ТОр “Тернопільська університетська лікарня” та у відділенні оперативної гінекології Тернопільського обласного клінічного перинатального центру «Мати і дитина». Контрольну групу склали 36 здорових жінок з такими ж віковими характеристиками, яких госпіталізовано у відділення малоінвазивної хірургії для хірургічної стерилізації. Обстежуваних пацієнток поділили на дві групи. До першої групи було включено 32 пацієнтки, яким у післяопераційному періоді проводили гормональну терапію з використанням агоністів гонадо-рилізинг-гормону (за 3-ін’єкційною схемою). До другої групи увійшло 34 пацієнтки, яким на фоні вищеописаної гормонотерапії проводили імунокорекцію. З даною метою використовували низькомолекулярний метаболічний імуномодулятор 5-аміно-1,2,3,4-тетрагідрофталазин-1,4-діону натрієвої солі. Для оцінки результатів лікування визначали ступінь вираженості больового синдрому, динаміку перебігу менструального циклу, частоту та тривалість рецидивів, репродуктивну функцію жінки. Із лабораторних методів використовували імунологічні – для оцінки гуморальної та клітинної ланок імунітету (сD-4, сD-16, сD-22-клітини). хворих обстежували до і після лікування. больовий синдром та симптоматику захворювання оцінювали в балах (за Mac Laverty). Доведено, що застосування низькомолекулярного метаболічного імуномодулятора 5-аміно-1,2,3,4-тетрагідрофталазин-1,4-діону натрієвої солі при проведенні комплексного лікування вказаної патології приводить до зменшення скарг на диспареунію, чіткого зниження проявів больового синдрому, зменшення частоти рецидивів, ніж в групі без його використання. Препарат показаний для імунокорекції ЗГе в якості комплексного лікування, що включає гормональну терапію з використанням агоністів гонадо-рилізинг-гормону та малоінвазивне лапароскопічне видалення ендометріоїдних осередків, роз’єднання спайок. Запропонований метаболічний імуномодулятор відновлює субпопуляційний склад імунокомпетентних клітин, мобілізує реакції клітинного імунітету, а відтак – ефективно забезпечує імунотропний ефект.
Genetic Variation in the SLC8A1 Calcium Signaling Pathway Is Associated With Susceptibility to Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Artery Abnormalities
Authors: Shimizu Chisato , Eleftherohorinou Hariklia , Wright Victoria J. , Kim Jihoon , Alphonse Martin P. , Perry James C. , Cimaz Rolando , Burgner David , Dahdah Nagib , Hoang Long T. , Khor Chiea Chuen , Salgado Andrea , Tremoulet Adriana H. , Davila Sonia , Kuijpers Taco W. , Hibberd Martin L. , Johnson Todd A. , Takahashi Atsushi , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko , Kubo Michiaki , Tanaka Toshihiro , Onouchi Yoshihiro , Yeung Rae S.M. , Coin Lachlan J.M. , Levin Michael , Burns Jane C. 
Published: November 2016

Background—
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute pediatric vasculitis in which host genetics influence both susceptibility to KD and the formation of coronary artery aneurysms. Variants discovered by genome-wide association studies and linkage studies only partially explain the influence of genetics on KD susceptibility.

Methods and Results—

To search for additional functional genetic variation, we performed pathway and gene stability analysis on a genome-wide association study data set. Pathway analysis using European genome-wide association study data identified 100 significantly associated pathways (
P
<5×10
−
4
). Gene stability selection identified 116 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 26 genes that were responsible for driving the pathway associations, and gene ontology analysis demonstrated enrichment for calcium transport (
P
=1.05×10
−
4
). Three single nucleotide polymorphisms in solute carrier family 8, member 1 (
SLC8A1
), a sodium/calcium exchanger encoding NCX1, were validated in an independent Japanese genome-wide association study data set (meta-analysis
P
=0.0001). Patients homozygous for the A (risk) allele of rs13017968 had higher rates of coronary artery abnormalities (
P
=0.029). NCX1, the protein encoded by
SLC8A1
, was expressed in spindle-shaped and inflammatory cells in the aneurysm wall. Increased intracellular calcium mobilization was observed in B cell lines from healthy controls carrying the risk allele.

Conclusions—

Pathway-based association analysis followed by gene stability selection proved to be a valuable tool for identifying risk alleles in a rare disease with complex genetics. The role of
SLC8A1
polymorphisms in altering calcium flux in cells that mediate coronary artery damage in KD suggests that this pathway may be a therapeutic target and supports the study of calcineurin inhibitors in acute KD.
Computed Tomographic Blend Sign Is Associated With Computed Tomographic Angiography Spot Sign and Predicts Secondary Neurological Deterioration After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Sporns Peter B. , Schwake Michael , Schmidt Rene , Kemmling André , Minnerup Jens , Schwindt Wolfram , Cnyrim Christian , Zoubi Tarek , Heindel Walter , Niederstadt Thomas , Hanning Uta 
Published: November 2016

Background and Purpose—
Significant early hematoma growth in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage is an independent predictor of poor functional outcome. Recently, the novel blend sign (BS) has been introduced as a new imaging sign for predicting hematoma growth in noncontrast computed tomography. Another parameter predicting increasing hematoma size is the well-established spot sign (SS) visible in computed tomographic angiography. We, therefore, aimed to clarify the association between established SS and novel BS and their values predicting a secondary neurological deterioration.

Methods—
Retrospective study inclusion criteria were (1) spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage confirmed on noncontrast computed tomography and (2) noncontrast computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography performed on admission within 6 hours after onset of symptoms. We defined a binary outcome (secondary neurological deterioration versus no secondary deterioration). As secondary neurological deterioration, we defined (1) early hemicraniectomy under standardized criteria or (2) secondary decrease of Glasgow Coma Scale of >3 points, both within the first 48 hours after symptom onset.

Results—

Of 182 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, 37 (20.3%) presented with BS and 39 (21.4%) with SS. Of the 81 patients with secondary deterioration, 31 (38.3%) had BS and SS on admission. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified hematoma volume (odds ratio, 1.07 per mL;
P
≤0.001), intraventricular hemorrhage (odds ratio, 3.08;
P
=0.008), and the presence of BS (odds ratio, 11.47;
P
≤0.001) as independent predictors of neurological deterioration.

Conclusions—
The BS, which is obtainable in noncontrast computed tomography, shows a high correlation with the computed tomographic angiography SS and is a reliable predictor of secondary neurological deterioration after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
Agreement Among Stroke Faculty and Fellows in Treating Ischemic Stroke Patients With Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator and Thrombectomy
Authors: Ramadan Ahmad-Riad , Denny Mary Carter , Vahidy Farhaan , Yamal Jose-Miguel , Wu Tzu-Ching , Sarraj Amrou , Savitz Sean , Grotta James 
Published: November 2016

Background and Purpose—
The aim of this study is to determine agreement among vascular neurology fellows and faculty in treating patients with acute ischemic stroke with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator and intra-arterial thrombectomy (IAT).

Methods—
Patients were evaluated simultaneously by at least 2 vascular neurology. Agreement was determined using kappa (κ) and intraclass correlation coefficients.

Results—
In 60 patients, agreement was substantial for tissue-type plasminogen activator (κ=0.75 [95% confidence interval, 0.57–0.92]) and IAT (κ=0.63 [95% confidence interval, 0.30–0.96]), with no difference between fellow–fellow versus fellow–faculty. Intraclass correlation coefficient for National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.90–0.97) and κ for Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score was 0.53 (95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.78). Rapidly improving or mild deficits caused disagreement for both tissue-type plasminogen activator and IAT, whereas interpretation of computed tomographic perfusion led to disagreement for IAT.

Conclusions—
We found substantial agreement between vascular neurology fellows and faculty in treating with tissue-type plasminogen activator or IAT. Areas for improvement include recognition of stroke mimics, consensus on treating less severe strokes, and use/interpretation of imaging.
Description of Ektaphelenchus berbericus n. sp. (Rhabditida: Ektaphelenchinae) from eastern Iran
Authors: Alvani Somaye , Mahdikhani-Moghadam Esmat , Giblin-Davis Robin M. , Pedram Majid 
Published: November 2016

Ektaphelenchusberbericusn. sp. was recovered from soil samples collected in eastern Iran and is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The new species is characterised by having female body 512-691 μm long, lip region separated from rest of body by a shallow depression, lips separated and equally sized, 19-22 μm long stylet with wide lumen and lacking knobs or swellings at its base, cuticle with fine, but distinct transverse annuli and three lines in lateral field, excretory pore located at base of metacorpus (with slight variation in position), reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic with spheroid and fine sperm cells inside spermatheca in some individuals and short post-vulval uterine sac (PUS), rectum and anus vestigial (invisible in few individuals), conical posterior body end (tail), narrowing at mid-point between anus and rounded tail tip, and males lacking. The new species is typologically similar to species belonging to four genera:Devibursaphelenchus,Ektaphelenchoides,EktaphelenchusandSeinura, by a combination of morphological characters,e.g., gross morphology of stylet (lacking knobs or swellings at base), morphology of posterior body end (having short conical tail), PUS length, and having a vestigial anus and rectum in most individuals. In molecular phylogenetic analyses using sequences of the partial small subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) and the D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA gene, the new species is close to theEktaphelenchoides/Cryptaphelenchusclade in an inferred SSU tree, and formed a clade withEktaphelenchoidesandDevibursaphelenchusspp. in a D2-D3 LSU tree. Further phylogenetic analyses using full length sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) (= ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2) corroborated results from the SSU and D2-D3 LSU trees, and the multilocus analyses using the combined SSU and LSU data placed the new species in a robustly supported clade withEktaphelenchoides poinariandDevibursaphelenchus lini.
Phasmarhabditis bohemica n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a slug-parasitic nematode from the Czech Republic
Authors: Nermuť Jiří , Půža Vladimír , Mekete Tesfamariam , Mráček Zdeněk 
Published: November 2016

Phasmarhabditis bohemica n. sp. is described and illustrated from the body of Deroceras reticulatum from the village of Chelčice, the Czech Republic. Morphological and molecular data showed that the new isolate is close to other species of Phasmarhabditis, particularly P. californica and P. papillosa. Females are characterised by a body length of 2079 (1777-2222) μm and a long tapering tail with prominent papilliform phasmids located laterally in the mid-tail region. Males are 1683 (1515-1818) μm long. They have a peloderan bursa, with nine pairs of rays, 1/1/1/2/1/3, and a reflexed testis 495 (434-555) μm long. Dauer juveniles are thin, 553 (474-636) μm long, with prominent lateral fields consisting of two prominent ridges and three incisures. Small subunit (18S), ITS, and D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA were used to analyse the phylogenetic relationships of sequenced species in Phasmarhabditis and other closely related species. Our preliminary observations suggest that the newly described species may be a facultative mollusc-parasitic nematode that is able to survive permanently in the saprobic phase on decaying organic matter. The ecology, morphology, and phylogenetic positions of P. bohemica n. sp. are discussed.
Tympanoplasty Outcomes for Blast‐Induced Perforations from Iraq and Afghanistan: 2007‐2012
Authors: Song Sungjin A. , Sridhara Shankar K. , Littlefield Philip D. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo describe characteristics of blast‐induced tympanic membrane perforations that do not spontaneously heal, evaluate the outcomes of tympanoplasty techniques, and understand the factors associated with surgical success.SettingTwo tertiary military health care institutions.Study DesignCase series with chart review.Subjects and MethodsThis study reviewed the practice of 1 military neurotologist and included all tympanoplasties for combat blast‐induced perforations from 2007 to 2012, which comprised a total of 55 patients. Surgical outcomes and associated perioperative factors were examined to include size, location, bilateral involvement, timing of surgery, and surgical technique.ResultsFifty‐five patients (68 ears) met inclusion criteria. Thirty‐six (53%) were total or near‐total perforations, and 51% of patients had bilateral perforations. The overall success rate was 77%. It was 82% for lateral grafts and 70% for medial grafts, but the difference between these was not statistically significant. Age was a significant factor, with a success rate of 56% for ages 25 to 34 years, compared with 90% for 20 to 24 and >34 years. Patients who had bilateral sequential tympanoplasties also had lower success rates than those who had only unilateral surgery (62% vs 87%, P =. 002). Ossicular disruptions were found in 5 ears, and cholesteatoma was discovered in 8. Surgical timing did not predict success, as the average time until repair was 153 days in successful cases and 151 days in failures. The mean conductive hearing improvement was 13.6 dB, and there were no major complications.ConclusionTympanoplasty can be challenging in this population. Age and bilateral surgery were the only independent variables that showed significance.
The successful concurrent use of two long-acting depot antipsychotics in a patient with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and history of serious violence: a case report
Authors: Lenardon Anna , Ahmed Mona , Harfield Katie-Lynn , Das Mrigendra 
Published: November 2016

Objective: This case report describes a forensic psychiatric patient presenting with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and serious interpersonal violence complicated by poor adherence to oral medication who was treated successfully with two concurrent long-acting depot antipsychotics. Method: Treatment response was measured for a 6-month period at 6-weekly intervals, post-initiation using the Positive and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia with Excited Component score (PANSS-EC), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). Results: At 6 months, the presentation was found to have markedly improved. The overall PANSS-EC score was reduced by 43.9%, with reductions in Positive Symptom and Excited Component subscales most evident. BPRS Score was reduced from 81 at baseline to 47 at 18 weeks. There was improvement in the patient’s level of cooperativeness, aggression and engagement in ward therapeutic activities. Conclusion: Although concurrent use of two depot antipsychotics requires further exploration, there is potential benefit for patient groups presenting with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and poor compliance. Due to risk of serious adverse effects which are difficult to reverse with long-acting formulations, we recommend this option be reserved for this complex patient population and exclusively in care settings allowing close physical health monitoring.