bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drying of multicomponent thin films on substrates with topography
Authors: Pham Truong , Cheng Xiang , Kumar Satish 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTDrying of multicomponent thin liquid films is an important step in coating and printing processes. In many cases, the substrate on which the film rests may possess topography, either intended or unintended. We present a lubrication‐theory‐based model describing the fundamentals of drying on such substrates. The film consists of volatile solvent and additional nonvolatile components such as colloidal particles, surfactants, and nonvolatile solvents. A system of one‐dimensional partial differential equations accounting for the film height, depth‐averaged concentration of bulk nonvolatile components, and interfacial concentration of insoluble surfactant is derived. Evaporation is included using the well‐known one‐sided description, and the governing equations are solved with finite‐difference methods to study various limiting cases. The results highlight the influence of evaporation rate, and thermal, surfactant, and solutal Marangoni flows on the film thickness and colloidal particle distribution. We find that, in a realistic region of parameter space, the addition of a nonvolatile solvent yields a film that conforms to the substrate topography. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1681–1691
Inhibitors of oxidative and hydrolytic endocannabinoid degradation do not enhance depolarization‐induced suppression of excitation on dorsal cochlear nucleus glycinergic neurons
Authors: Zugaib João , Leão Ricardo M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNeurons from the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) present endocannabinoid (EC) dependent short‐term synaptic plasticity in the form of depolarization‐induced suppression of excitation (DSE). Postsynaptic calcium influx promotes EC synthesis and depression of neurotransmission. ECs can be degraded by a hydrolytic and an oxidative pathway, the latter via the enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2). Hyperactivity in the DCN is related to the development of tinnitus, which can be induced by high doses of salicylate, a COX‐2 inhibitor. Since EC‐dependent plasticity in the DCN can affect its excitation‐inhibition balance, we investigated the impact of inhibitors of both oxidative and hydrolytic EC metabolism on the DSE from the synapses between the parallel fibers and cartwheel neurons (PF‐CW) in the DCN. We found that inhibitors of COX‐2 (ibuprofen and indomethacin) did not alter DSE at the PF‐CW synapse. Salicylate also did not alter DSE. However, we found that inhibitors of the hydrolytic pathway did not affect DSE magnitude, but surprisingly speeded DSE decay. We conclude that oxidative EC degradation in the PF‐CW synapse is not relevant for termination of DSE and are probably not important for controlling this form of synaptic plasticity in the DCN PF‐CW synapse. The lack of effect on DSE of high doses of salicylate also suggests that it is not acting by increasing DSE in the PF‐CWC synapse. However, the counter intuitive effect of the hydrolytic inhibitors shows that increasing EC on this synapse have more complex effects on DSE.
First‐principles modeling of molecular crystals: structures and stabilities, temperature and pressure
Authors: Hoja Johannes , Reilly Anthony M. , Tkatchenko Alexandre 
Published: December 2016

The understanding of the structure, stability, and response properties of molecular crystals at finite temperature and pressure is crucial for the field of crystal engineering and their application. For a long time, the field of crystal‐structure prediction and modeling of molecular crystals has been dominated by classical mechanistic force‐field methods. However, due to increasing computational power and the development of more sophisticated quantum‐mechanical approximations, first‐principles approaches based on density functional theory can now be applied to practically relevant molecular crystals. The broad transferability of first‐principles methods is especially imperative for polymorphic molecular crystals. This review highlights the current status of modeling molecular crystals from first principles. We give an overview of current state‐of‐the‐art approaches and discuss in detail the main challenges and necessary approximations. So far, the main focus in this field has been on calculating stabilities and structures without considering thermal contributions. We discuss techniques that allow one to include thermal effects at a first‐principles level in the harmonic or quasi‐harmonic approximation, and that are already applicable to realistic systems, or will be in the near future. Furthermore, this review also discusses how to calculate vibrational and elastic properties. Finally, we present a perspective on future uses of first‐principles calculations for modeling molecular crystals and summarize the many remaining challenges in this field. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2017, 7:e1294. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1294This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
The alienation of affection toward parents and influential factors in Chinese left-behind children
Authors: Dai Q. , Yang G. , Hu C. , Wang L. , Liu K. , Guang Y. , Zhang R. , Xu S. , Liu B. , Yang Y. , Feng Z. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveAlthough alienation toward parents is important for children (for current mental health status or later interpersonal relationships in adulthood), it is undervalued and even lacks a standardized tool of assessment. Moreover, the large number of left-behind children in China is a cause of public concern. However, their experienced alienation toward their parents remains unclear, which may be important for early detection or intervention for behavioral problems in this population. Hence, the current study aimed to develop an alienation inventory for children and then use it to investigate the experienced alienation toward parents in Chinese left-behind children.MethodsTwo studies were carried out. Study 1 was designed to develop a standard inventory of alienation toward parents (IAP). In study 2, 8361 children and adolescents (6704 of them were left-behind status) of the Chongqing area, aged between 8 and 19 years old, were recruited for investigation. All participants were surveyed with a standard sociodemographic questionnaire, children's cognitive style questionnaire, children's depression inventory, adolescent self-rating life events checklist, and newly built IAP in study 1.ResultsIn study 1, we developed a two-component (communication and emotional distance) and 18-item (9 items for maternal or paternal form, respectively) IAP questionnaire. In study 2, exploratory factor analysis indicated an expected two-factor structure of IAP, which was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients showed a good reliability (0.887 and 0.821 for maternal and paternal form, respectively). Children with absent mother experienced the highest alienation toward parents. Boys as well as children aged 8–10 years old experienced higher alienation toward parents. Poor communication with parents (sparse or no connection), level of left-behind condition (parents divorced, been far away from parents), and psychosocial vulnerability (stressful life events, negative cognitive style) were risk factors of alienation toward parents.ConclusionsThe current study develops a two-factor (communication and emotional distance) IAP, which offers a reliable tool to assess experienced alienation of affection toward parents in children aged between 8 and 19 years old. Our result is the first investigation of experienced alienation and potential influential factors in Chinese left-behind children. The findings that children with absent mother experience higher alienation toward parents, as well as three recognized risk factors for alienation of affection toward parents (poor communication with absent parents, worse left-behind condition, and psychosocial vulnerability), give valuable guidance for parents who intend to leave or who are already leaving as well as for government policymaking.
Profiles of Cyberpornography Use and Sexual Well-Being in Adults
Authors: Vaillancourt-Morel Marie-Pier , Blais-Lecours Sarah , Labadie Chloé , Bergeron Sophie , Sabourin Stéphane , Godbout Natacha 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Although findings concerning sexual outcomes associated with cyberpornography use are mixed, viewing explicit sexual content online is becoming a common activity for an increasing number of individuals.

Aim
To investigate heterogeneity in cyberpornography-related sexual outcomes by examining a theoretically and clinically based model suggesting that individuals who spend time viewing online pornography form three distinct profiles (recreational, at-risk, and compulsive) and to examine whether these profiles were associated with sexual well-being, sex, and interpersonal context of pornography use.

Methods
The present cluster-analytic study was conducted using a convenience sample of 830 adults who completed online self-reported measurements of cyberpornography use and sexual well-being, which included sexual satisfaction, compulsivity, avoidance, and dysfunction.

Main Outcomes Measures
Dimensions of cyberpornography use were assessed using the Cyber Pornography Use Inventory. Sexual well-being measurements included the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction, the Sexual Compulsivity Scale, the Sexual Avoidance Subscale, and the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale.

Results
Cluster analyses indicated three distinct profiles: recreational (75.5%), highly distressed non-compulsive (12.7%), and compulsive (11.8%). Recreational users reported higher sexual satisfaction and lower sexual compulsivity, avoidance, and dysfunction, whereas users with a compulsive profile presented lower sexual satisfaction and dysfunction and higher sexual compulsivity and avoidance. Highly distressed less active users were sexually less satisfied and reported less sexual compulsivity and more sexual dysfunction and avoidance. A larger proportion of women and of dyadic users was found among recreational users, whereas solitary users were more likely to be in the highly distressed less active profile and men were more likely to be in the compulsive profile.

Conclusion
This pattern of results confirms the existence of recreational and compulsive profiles but also demonstrates the existence of an important subgroup of not particularly active, yet highly distressed consumers. Cyberpornography users represent a heterogeneous population, in which each subgroup is associated with specific sexual outcomes.
Situations de tort dans la vie quotidienne : quelle régulation?
Authors: Vanhamme Françoise 
Published: December 2016

RésuméLa présente contribution explore les logiques et modes de régulation des situations de tort dans la vie quotidienne. Sur la base d’entretiens, elle vise à dégager un sens social aux choix de réaction opérés par les personnes dans de telles situations. Ce faisant, elle pose l’hypothèse que les modes de régulation informelle ne seraient ni inconsistants ni informes et qu’ils contribueraient, comme les institutions formelles le font, à l’organisation, à la facilitation et au maintien de la vie collective et de sa cohésion. Les principes normatifs et les modes pratiques de régulation qui se dégagent effectivement de la recherche suggèrent une perception de la vie collective dont la cohésion se fabrique et se renouvelle sans cesse vu sa nature conflictuelle, et dont la responsabilité de la contenir dans des limites viables revient à chacun de ses membres.
Experience With a Novel, Global, Open-Access Template for Major Incidents: Qualitative Feasibility Study
Authors: Fattah Sabina , Agledahl Kari Milch , Rehn Marius , Wisborg Torben 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe transfer of experiences gained after prehospital medical responses to major incidents has largely been nonsystematic, and better-structured reporting methods have been advocated. A consensus-based template was recently created and implemented as an open-access website. This qualitative study assessed the feasibility of using the template and reporting site.MethodsInformants who had used or who had been asked to use the template were interviewed. The semi-structured interviews were transcribed verbatim, and the transcripts were analyzed by using an inductive approach based on grounded theory methodology.ResultsThe major theme identified was a need for “defining purpose” as explained by the minor themes “relevance,” “scope,” “resources,” and “usefulness.” Informants reported that the template content needed to be revised and that the scope and rationale behind each question should be conveyed to the user. Resources necessary for reporting and clarity regarding the aim and outcome also need to be communicated to users and policy-makers. The interface between informants and the template is critical.ConclusionsInformants considered the template and website useful but reported that the workload exceeded their expectations. Despite pilot testing of the template before implementation, early revision of the template is recommended. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:403–406)
Importance of basal boundary conditions in transient simulations: case study of a surging marine-terminating glacier on Austfonna, Svalbard
Authors: GONG YONGMEI , ZWINGER THOMAS , CORNFORD STEPHEN , GLADSTONE RUPERT , SCHÄFER MARTINA , MOORE JOHN C. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTWe assess the importance of basal boundary conditions for transient simulations of Basin 3, Austfonna ice cap between January 1995 and December 2011 and for the surge starting in 2012 by carrying out simulations with the full-Stokes model Elmer/Ice and the vertically-integrated model BISICLES. Time-varying surface mass-balance data from the regional climate model HIRHAM5 are downscaled according to elevation. Basal friction coefficient is varied through time by interpolating between two data-constrained inversions of surface velocity fields, from 1995 and 2011. Evolution of the basal boundary condition appears to be much more important for mass discharge and the dynamic response of the fast flowing unit in Basin 3 than either model choice or the downscaling method for the surface mass balance. In addition, temporally linear extrapolation of the evolution of basal friction coefficient beyond the 2011 distribution could not reproduce the expansion of the acceleration observed in southern Basin 3 between January 2012 and June 2013. This implies that changes in basal friction patterns, and in turn basal processes that are not currently represented in either model, are among the most important factors for the 2012 acceleration.
GEOSPATIAL ASSESSMENT BASED ON FERTILITY AND MORTALITY DIFFERENTIAL INDICES OF NATURAL SELECTION IN NORTH-WEST AND EASTERN HIMALAYAN POPULATIONS
Authors: Sharma Krishan 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThere is contradictory evidence of having fewer live births and higher embryonic mortality among high-altitude populations than their counterparts at lower altitude. This study explores the geospatial differences in selection intensities among human populations living in different ecological settings. Reproductive data from post-menopausal women were collected from 75 women from near Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, at an altitude of 2150 m above sea level and 100 women from Jind, Haryana, at an altitude of 227 m. Secondary data were taken from 85 women from the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh at an average altitude of 3420 m. A comparison of the study data was made with similar data from different populations living in the western and eastern Himalayas. The total selection intensity index based on Johnston and Kensinger’s index was highest in Shimla and lowest in Kinnaur. The fertility selection component was highest in Shimla and lowest in Kinnaur. The prenatal mortality contribution to the total selection was highest in Shimla (30.76%) and lowest in Kinnaur (2.14%), while the contributions of normalized postnatal mortality were 16.39% and 57.80% in Shimla and Kinnaur, respectively. The fertility component of selection was higher than the mortality component in Shimla, while in the other two places the reverse was observed. Hypoxic conditions at high altitude seem to have little effect on the fertility and embryonic mortality rates of indigenous people. The geospatial differences in the selection intensities may be due to differences in ethnic, behavioural ecology, environmental, cultural and socioeconomic factors.
Effect of tapered magnetic field on expanding laser-produced plasma for heavy-ion inertial fusion
Authors: Kanesue T. , Ikeda S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA laser ion source (LIS) is a promising candidate as an ion source for heavy-ion inertial fusion (HIF), where a pulsed ultra-intense and low-charged heavy ion beam is required. It is a key development for a LIS to transport laser-produced plasma with a magnetic field to achieve a high-current beam. The effect of a tapered magnetic field on laser-produced plasma is demonstrated by comparing the results with a straight solenoid magnet. The magnetic field of interest is a wider aperture on a target side and narrower aperture on an extraction side. Based on the experimentally obtained results, the performance of a scaled LIS for HIF was estimated.
Biotic interactions, climate and disturbance underlie the distribution of twoJulbernardiatree species in miombo woodlands of Africa
Authors: Chidumayo Emmanuel N. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:Occurrence data forJulbernardia globifloraandJ. paniculataat 617 sites in the miombo woodland region of central, eastern and southern Africa and forest inventory data for 512 woodland plots in Zambia were used to determine species distribution and dominance. Distribution of the twoJulbernardiaspecies overlaps in the central region of the miombo woodland range while the eastern and western range regions are exclusively for only one of the two species. In the region of co-occurrence, there is a clear spatial separation in the dominance of the two species. In old-growth woodland a significant proportion of the variation in the dominance ofJ.globiflorawas explained by the dominance ofJ.paniculatawhile mean annual maximum temperature and tree species richness negatively affect the dominance ofJ.paniculata. Old-growth woodland clearing changes the local climatic conditions and alters the wayJulbernardiaspecies in re-growth stands respond to potential evapo-transpiration (PET). Climate change, especially global warming, may further reinforce the impacts of PET to differentially favourJ.globiflora. Because of this altered response ofJulbernardiaspecies in re-growth miombo, preserving old-growth miombo and preventing present human disturbances in designated areas, such as forest reserves and national parks, may be a useful climate adaptation strategy for these species.
Fruit-eating birds in experimental plantings in southern Mexico
Authors: Howe Henry F. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:Maintenance of biodiversity in tropical agrarian landscapes is challenging in the face of anthropomorphic simplification of habitats. As part of an experiment testing influences of planting treatment on tree recruitment in southern Mexico, counts of bird species were made over 10 years in twenty-four 30 × 30-m fenced plots in over-grazed pasture. Plots were planted with native tree species or left as unplanted controls in 2006. Annual censuses of birds in the plots from 2007–2016 indicated statistically significant increases in the number of fruit-eating species and individuals as vegetation matured, but increases in non-frugivorous species and individuals over the decade were not significant. Among four species of planted animal-dispersed trees that bore fruit during this time,Cecropia obtusifoliaconsistently produced substantial crops after 2009. In 2015, all 53 planted or passively recruited female trees of mature size of this species bore fruit. The summed body masses of fruit-eating birds in each of 24 plots were significantly correlated with rank order of available fruit per plot. Differential use of habitat patches in an agrarian landscape suggested substantial value to frugivores, but less to non-frugivorous birds than expected.
Parallel heuristic search in forward partial-order planning
Authors: Sapena Oscar , Torreño Alejandro , Onaindía Eva 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMost of the current top-performing planners are sequential planners that only handle total-order plans. Although this is a computationally efficient approach, the management of total-order plans restrict the choices of reasoning and thus the generation of flexible plans. In this paper, we present FLAP2, a forward-chaining planner that follows the principles of the classical POCL (Partial-Order Causal-Link Planning) paradigm. Working with partial-order plans allows FLAP2 to easily manage the parallelism of the plans, which brings several advantages: more flexible executions, shorter plan durations (makespan) and an easy adaptation to support new features like temporal or multi-agent planning. However, one of the limitations of POCL planners is that they require far more computational effort to deal with the interactions that arise among actions. FLAP2 minimizes this overhead by applying several techniques that improve its performance: the combination of different state-based heuristics and the use of parallel processes to diversify the search in different directions when a plateau is found. To evaluate the performance of FLAP2, we have made a comparison with four state-of-the-art planners: SGPlan, YAHSP2, Temporal Fast Downward and OPTIC. Experimental results show that FLAP2 presents a very acceptable trade-off between time and quality and a high coverage on the current planning benchmarks.
Treatment initiation in paediatric pulmonary hypertension: insights from a multinational registry
Authors: Humpl Tilman , Berger Rolf M. F. , Austin Eric D. , Fasnacht Boillat Margrit S. , Bonnet Damien , Ivy Dunbar D. , Zuk Malgorzata , Beghetti Maurice , Schulze-Neick Ingram 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDifferent treatment options for pulmonary hypertension have emerged in recent years, and evidence-based management strategies have improved quality of life and survival in adults. In children with pulmonary vascular disease, therapeutic algorithms are not so clearly defined; this study determined current treatment initiation in children with pulmonary hypertension in participating centres of a registry.Through the multinational Tracking Outcomes and Practice in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension registry, patient demographics, diagnosis, and treatment as judged and executed by the local physician were collected. Inclusion criteria were >3 months and <18 years of age and diagnostic cardiac catheterisation consistent with pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary arterial pressure ⩾25 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance index ⩾3 Wood units×m2, and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ⩽12 mmHg).At diagnostic catheterisation, 217/244 patients (88.9%) were treatment naïve for pulmonary hypertension-targeted therapy. Targeted therapy was initiated after catheterisation in 170 (78.3%) treatment-naïve patients. A total of 19 patients received supportive therapy, 28 patients were not started on therapy, and 26 patients (10.7%) were on targeted treatment before catheterisation. Among treatment-naïve subjects, treatment was initiated with one targeted drug (n=112, 51.6%), dual therapy (n=39, 18%) or triple-therapy (n=5, 2.3%), and calcium channel blockers with one targeted medication in one patient (0.5%). Phosphodiesterase inhibitors type 5 were used frequently; some patients with pulmonary hypertension related to lung disease received targeted therapy.There is a diverse therapeutic approach for children with pulmonary hypertension with a need of better-defined treatment algorithms based on paediatric consensus for different aetiologies including the best possible diagnostic workup.