bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Electrochemical Performance of Modified Mesocarbon Microbeads for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Studied using Solid‐State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Bösebeck Katharina , Chandran C. Vinod , Licht Björn K. , Binnewies Michael , Heitjans Paul 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLithium‐intercalating materials such as graphite are of great interest, especially for application in lithium‐ion batteries. In this work we present an investigation of the electrochemical performance of mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) modified with copper to reveal the basic electrochemical mechanisms. Copper‐modified graphite is known to have better long‐term cycling behavior as well as higher capacity compared to the pristine material. Several reasons for these effects were postulated but not proven. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides structural and dynamic information on lithium in ionic conductors. To elucidate the changes in structure and dynamics for the pristine and the modified material, we have employed multi‐nuclear solid‐state NMR spectroscopy as well as 7Li spin‐lattice relaxation measurements and were able to clarify some reasons for the improved characteristics of copper‐modified graphite compared to the pristine material, which include increased solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) formation, a facilitated diffusion of lithium ions through the SEI, and reduced moisture.
Enriched Doping Level and Tuned Fiber Fractal Dimensions in Nonwoven Carbon‐Doped Polyaniline for Efficient Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Sahoo Prasanta K. , Panda Himanshu S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNonwoven fibrous mats of polyaniline/carbon black on conducting substrates are synthesized through a two‐step oxidative process. Adsorbed and catalyzed aniline monomers in the synthesis process improved the doping degree (0.381) in the hybrid fibers. The formation of a porous mat on substrates was confirmed by using electron microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The fractal dimensions of the fibers are correlated with Porod's law and suggest the presence of a nonfractal structure in the PCN1 mat. The hybrid mat exhibited a high porosity and effective surface area, even interfaces, and conductive pathways for the electrode/electrolyte to improve the kinetic process. Electrochemical measurements have been conducted on developed fibers, which showed a high specific capacitance of around 1526 F g−1, excellent cyclic stability, and elevated energy density (212 Wh kg−1) after doping carbon into polyaniline (PANI). Additionally, a symmetric solid‐state supercapacitor device was fabricated, a capacitance around 270 F g−1 was measured, and it was able to light a commercial light‐emitting diode (LED).
Food Addiction in Bulimia Nervosa: Clinical Correlates and Association with Response to a Brief Psychoeducational Intervention
Authors: Hilker Ines , Sánchez Isabel , Steward Trevor , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Granero Roser , Gearhardt Ashley N. , Rodríguez‐Muñoz Rita Cristina , Dieguez Carlos , Crujeiras Ana B. , Tolosa‐Sola Iris , Casanueva Felipe F. , Menchón José M. , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFood addiction (FA) has been examined in different populations. Although high FA levels are associated with greater eating disorder severity, few studies have addressed how FA relates to treatment outcome.GoalsThe study aims (1) to determine whether a brief intervention for bulimia nervosa (BN) reduces FA diagnosis or severity compared with baseline and (2) to determine if FA is predictive of treatment outcome.MethodSixty‐six female BN patients participated in the study. The Yale Food Addiction Scale was administered at two time points: prior to and following a 6‐week intervention. The number of weekly binging/purging episodes, dropout and abstinence from bulimic behaviour were used as primary outcome measures.ResultsThis brief intervention reduced FA severity and FA diagnosis in the 55 patients who completed treatment. FA severity was a short‐term predictor of abstinence from binging/purging episodes after treatment (p = .018).ConclusionsFood addiction appears to be prevalent in BN although FA severity can improve following a short‐term intervention. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Predicting Dropout from Intensive Outpatient Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Binge Eating Disorder Using Pre‐treatment Characteristics: A Naturalistic Study
Authors: Vroling Maartje S. , Wiersma Femke E. , Lammers Mirjam W. , Noorthoorn Eric O. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundDropout rates in binge eating disorder (BED) treatment are high (17–30%), and predictors of dropout are unknown.MethodParticipants were 376 patients following an intensive outpatient cognitive behavioural therapy programme for BED, 82 of whom (21.8%) dropped out of treatment. An exploratory logistic regression was performed using eating disorder variables, general psychopathology, personality and demographics to identify predictors of dropout.ResultsBinge eating pathology, preoccupations with eating, shape and weight, social adjustment, agreeableness, and social embedding appeared to be significant predictors of dropout. Also, education showed an association to dropout.DiscussionThis is one of the first studies investigating pre‐treatment predictors for dropout in BED treatment. The total explained variance of the prediction model was low, yet the model correctly classified 80.6% of cases, which is comparable to other dropout studies in eating disorders. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Emerging network architecture and functional design considerations for 5G radio access
Authors: Marsch Patrick , Da Silva Icaro , Bulakci Ömer , Tesanovic Milos , El Ayoubi Salah Eddine , Säily Mikko 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhile there is already a common understanding of the services, which 5th generation (5G) mobile communications systems should support, and the key technology components needed to achieve this, there is still the need for further clarification and consensus among key players on the overall 5G radio access network (RAN) architecture and its detailed functional design. The 5G public private partnership (5G PPP) project METIS‐II has the objective to foster exactly this consensus building before and in the early days of the standardisation work for 5G. This paper lists the 5G RAN design requirements as identified in the project and summarises the latest considerations of METIS‐II on the air interface landscape in 5G, the envisioned logical RAN architecture and related aspects, as well as key functional design considerations in 5G, which have found wide endorsement within the project. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building Evaluation Capacity Through CLIPs: Communities of Learning, Inquiry, and Practice
Authors: Parsons Beverly L. , Lovato Chris Y. , Hutchinson Kylie , Wilson Derek 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis chapter focuses on a model for building evaluation capacity. The approach embeds evaluative thinking and practice into the work of higher education leaders, faculty, and staff who need evidence to guide their planning and decision making. Communities of Learning, Inquiry, and Practice (CLIPs) are a type of community of practice; they are informal, dynamic groups of faculty and staff who inquire and learn together about their professional practice and operate within a support structure specifically designed to fit the higher education context. This chapter describes two institutions in which the CLIPs model was implemented—a community college in the United States and a medical school in Canada. Based on the results from these case examples, seven guiding principles are proposed for implementing successful CLIPs. This model is adaptable to organizations beyond higher education.
Higher Education Evaluation, Assessment, and Faculty Engagement
Authors: Rickards William H. , Stitt‐Bergh Monica 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEvaluative practice has a long and deep history in higher education. It has been a persistent part of instructional practice and curriculum, intricately entwined with scholarly efforts to address teaching and learning. From public policy and oversight perspectives, the questions of value and worth have often focused on inputs—faculty credentials, facilities, etc.—as well as fiscal responsibility. But in the last 30 years, attention has turned to student learning as a critical outcome and the assessment of learning as a principal endeavor. The developments in higher education assessment have involved increasingly sophisticated psychometric approaches to measurement as well as more teacherly orientations to the implementation of educational assessments within the individual contexts—and intentions—of colleges and universities. In this chapter, we introduce some of the issues in the field and argue that evaluation has a unique history that is committed to systematically bringing evidence of program outcomes and processes into the discourse of educators—administrators, faculty, and staff—as they examine and build on their own operations. We briefly review the current context and challenges and support increased evaluator–faculty collaboration. We make a case for how the analysis of evaluation practices in higher education is both a means to increasing expertise in those applications and to thinking about evaluation practices across developing and complex institutions.
Recursive Validity and Authentic Outcomes
Authors: Eubanks David , Gliem David 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis chapter defines recursive validity as a self‐reinforcing loop of observation and judgment, which emphasizes that observation and reporting are most useful when they can be conceptualized by decision makers in such a way as to (a) integrate with their conceptions of reality and (b) be confirmed when actions result in expected outcomes. This approach leads us away from unnecessary abstraction and encourages the testing of predictive validity of proxy measurements. In a full program of research, it also requires an external critique of observational bias to recognize potential false justification. With this framework in place, we apply it to a difficult problem in higher education: how to assess learning outcomes in a way that is convincing to stakeholders.
Assessment of Student Learning Outcomes: Evaluator and Client Communication
Authors: Secolsky Charles , Sng Clarice , Wentland Ellen , Smith Dwight L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRevolving around threats to internal validity, several of which are new, this chapter characterizes how evaluators might want to communicate with stakeholders on problems of student learning outcomes assessment. Seven scenarios from our experience are developed for the evaluator to consider, with each one presenting a different challenge working with faculty members in higher education. Test scores, rubrics, and embedded questions suggest the need for more effective communication when stakeholders need methodological guidance. It is very important for evaluators to work with stakeholders from the beginning of the assessment process to avoid potential pitfalls and erroneous interpretations of data.
Degree‐based statistic and center persistency for brain connectivity analysis
Authors: Yoo Kwangsun , Lee Peter , Chung Moo K. , Sohn William S. , Chung Sun Ju , Na Duk L. , Ju Daheen , Jeong Yong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBrain connectivity analyses have been widely performed to investigate the organization and functioning of the brain, or to observe changes in neurological or psychiatric conditions. However, connectivity analysis inevitably introduces the problem of mass‐univariate hypothesis testing. Although, several cluster‐wise correction methods have been suggested to address this problem and shown to provide high sensitivity, these approaches fundamentally have two drawbacks: the lack of spatial specificity (localization power) and the arbitrariness of an initial cluster‐forming threshold. In this study, we propose a novel method, degree‐based statistic (DBS), performing cluster‐wise inference. DBS is designed to overcome the above‐mentioned two shortcomings. From a network perspective, a few brain regions are of critical importance and considered to play pivotal roles in network integration. Regarding this notion, DBS defines a cluster as a set of edges of which one ending node is shared. This definition enables the efficient detection of clusters and their center nodes. Furthermore, a new measure of a cluster, center persistency (CP) was introduced. The efficiency of DBS with a known “ground truth” simulation was demonstrated. Then they applied DBS to two experimental datasets and showed that DBS successfully detects the persistent clusters. In conclusion, by adopting a graph theoretical concept of degrees and borrowing the concept of persistence from algebraic topology, DBS could sensitively identify clusters with centric nodes that would play pivotal roles in an effect of interest. DBS is potentially widely applicable to variable cognitive or clinical situations and allows us to obtain statistically reliable and easily interpretable results. Hum Brain Mapp 38:165–181, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Precuneus degeneration in nondemented elderly individuals with APOE ɛ4: Evidence from structural and functional MRI analyses
Authors: Chen Yaojing , Liu Zhen , Zhang Junying , Chen Kewei , Yao Li , Li Xin , Gong Gaolang , Wang Jun , Zhang Zhanjun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been recognized to exhibit disease‐specific brain vulnerability patterns. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele imparts a high genetic risk of developing AD. Whether the APOE ɛ4 allele damages the brain when cognitive functions are still intact is important to understand, especially for possible early detection and intervention. This study aimed to examine the selective degeneration pattern associated with the APOE ɛ4 allele in the brains of cognitively normal elderly subjects. We enrolled 35 cognitively healthy ɛ4 carriers and 40 non‐carriers (53 to 81 years old) to evaluate group differences in cortical thickness and brain activation during a memory‐encoding task. We also assessed the functional connectivity of the brain regions with both structural and functional damages. The results from the neuropsychological tests showed that the performances of ɛ4 carriers and non‐carriers were comparable. Primarily, we found that the precuneus exhibited thinner cortical thickness and decreased deactivation during memory encoding. Furthermore, the connectivity analyses show that carriers exhibited damaged connectivity of the precuneus to several regions in the default mode network and the attention/executive control network. Our study reveals the degeneration pattern of the ɛ4 allele, which could be used as a potential biomarker for early detection for possible interventions and treatments. Hum Brain Mapp 38:271–282, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of surface chemistry in the cytotoxicity profile of graphene
Authors: Majeed Waqar , Bourdo Shawn , Petibone Dayton M. , Saini Viney , Vang Kieng Bao , Nima Zeid A. , Alghazali Karrer M. , Darrigues Emilie , Ghosh Anindya , Watanabe Fumiya , Casciano Daniel , Ali Syed F. , Biris Alexandru S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGraphene and its derivative, because of their unique physical, electrical and chemical properties, are an important class of nanomaterials being proposed as foundational materials in nanomedicine as well as for a variety of industrial applications. A major limitation for graphene, when used in biomedical applications, is its poor solubility due to its rather hydrophobic nature. Therefore, chemical functionalities are commonly introduced to alter both its surface chemistry and biochemical activity. Here, we show that surface chemistry plays a major role in the toxicological profile of the graphene structures. To demonstrate this, we chemically increased the oxidation level of the pristine graphene and compared the corresponding toxicological effects along with those for the graphene oxide. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that pristine graphene had the lowest amount of surface oxygen, while graphene oxide had the highest at 2.5% and 31%, respectively. Low and high oxygen functionalized graphene samples were found to have 6.6% and 24% surface oxygen, respectively. Our results showed a dose‐dependent trend in the cytotoxicity profile, where pristine graphene was the most cytotoxic, with decreasing toxicity observed with increasing oxygen content. Increased surface oxygen also played a role in nanomaterial dispersion in water or cell culture medium over longer periods. It is likely that higher dispersity might result in graphene entering into cells as individual flakes ~1 nm thick rather than as more cytotoxic aggregates. In conclusion, changes in graphene's surface chemistry resulted in altered solubility and toxicity, suggesting that a generalized toxicity profile would be rather misleading. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of methyl mercury exposure on pancreatic beta cell development and function
Authors: Schumacher Lauren , Abbott Louise C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMethyl mercury is an environmental contaminant of worldwide concern. Since the discovery of methyl mercury exposure due to eating contaminated fish as the underlying cause of the Minamata disaster, the scientific community has known about the sensitivity of the developing central nervous system to mercury toxicity. Warnings are given to pregnant women and young children to limit consumption of foods containing methyl mercury to protect the embryonic, fetal and postnatally developing central nervous system. However, evidence also suggests that exposure to methyl mercury or various forms of inorganic mercury may also affect development and function of other organs. Numerous reports indicate a worldwide increase in diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. Quite recently, methyl mercury has been shown to have adverse effects on pancreatic beta (β) cell development and function, resulting in insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and may even lead to the development of diabetes. This review discusses possible mechanisms by which methyl mercury exposure may adversely affect pancreatic β cell development and function, and the role that methyl mercury exposure may have in the reported worldwide increase in diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. While additional information is needed regarding associations between mercury exposure and specific mechanisms of the pathogenesis of diabetes in the human population, methyl mercury's adverse effects on the body's natural sources of antioxidants suggest that one possible therapeutic strategy could involve supplementation with antioxidants. Thus, it is important that additional investigation be undertaken into the role of methyl mercury exposure and reduced pancreatic β cell function. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavior and clinical impact of ascites after living donor liver transplantation: risk factors associated with massive ascites
Authors: Ito Daisuke , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Togashi Junichi , Kaneko Junichi , Arita Junichi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundMassive ascites after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), defined as small‐for‐size graft syndrome, is a risk factor for a poor prognosis. Few studies have reported factors associated with ascites and the relevant outcome after LDLT.MethodsData from 413 adult patients that underwent LDLT were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsRecipient age, preoperative albumin level, Child–Pugh score, preoperative ascites, graft volume, intraoperative blood loss, and duration of warm ischemic time and the anhepatic phase were significantly associated with the total amount of ascites between postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD14. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative ascites, intraoperative blood loss, and duration of anhepatic phase as factors. Massive ascites (ascitic fluid discharge >1,000 ml/day on POD14 after LDLT) occurred in 200 (48.4%) patients, and mild ascites occurred in the remaining 213 patients. Daily changes in the ascites volume differed between the two groups. Nevertheless, massive ascites itself did not have a critical impact on the patient short‐ and long‐term outcomes when properly managed with rigorous diuretics and albumin administration.ConclusionMassive ascites is frequent after LDLT; however, the impact of it could be minimized with an appropriate management.
The labeling of unsaturated γ‐hydroxybutyric acid by heavy isotopes of hydrogen: iridium complex‐mediated H/D exchange by C─H bond activation vs reduction by boro‐deuterides/tritides
Authors: Marek Aleš , Pedersen Martin H.F. , Vogensen Stine B. , Clausen Rasmus P. , Frølund Bente , Elbert Tomáš 
Published: September 2016

3‐Hydroxycyclopent‐1‐ene‐1‐carboxylic acid (HOCPCA (1)) is a potent ligand for high‐affinity γ‐hydroxybutyric acid binding sites in the central nervous system. Various approaches to the introduction of a hydrogen label onto the HOCPCA skeleton are reported. The outcomes of the feasible C─H activation of olefin carbon (C‐2) by iridium catalyst are compared with the reduction of the carbonyl group (C‐3) by freshly prepared borodeuterides. The most efficient iridium catalysts proved to be Kerr bulky phosphine N‐heterocyclic species providing outstanding deuterium enrichment (up to 91%) in a short period of time. The highest deuterium enrichment (>99%) was achieved through the reduction of ketone precursor 2 by lithium trimethoxyborodeuteride. Hence, analogical conditions were used for the tritiation experiment. [3H]‐HOCPCA selectively labeled on the position C‐3 was synthetized with radiochemical purity >99%, an isolated yield of 637 mCi and specific activity = 28.9 Ci/mmol.
Future change in the frequency and intensity of wintertime North Pacific blocking in CMIP5 models
Authors: Lee Doo Young , Ahn Joong‐Bae 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe current status and future changes in the frequency and intensity of climatological blocking activity over the North Pacific region are investigated using historical and two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP4.5 and 8.5) simulations in the coupled climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) for boreal winters (December–February) over a 30‐year period. The future change in the Pacific blocking frequency and intensity are examined in terms of the projected meridional thickness gradient, Hadley circulation changes, and changes in the probability distribution of categorized blocking strength. The five CMIP5 models that show better performance in reproducing climatological blocking events in the historical simulations for the Pacific region are selected for the analyses of the projected blocking activities. The climatological winter Pacific blocking frequencies of most of the individual models and model mean values show a tendency to decrease under global warming conditions. The trend is closely linked with the strong upper level westerly wind, resulting in less meandering air flow, consistent with the enhanced meridional temperature gradients at mid‐latitude in the future climate. The decreased frequency in climatological atmospheric blocking over the Pacific under warming may also be influenced by the strengthening of the north–south temperature gradients due to the poleward extension of Hadley circulation in the subtropics. The climatology of the Pacific blocking intensity in boreal winter also tends to decrease slightly due to a future reduction in the number of strong blocking events.