bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hands on Digital Information Literacy Training from Peers is Preferred by Public Service Library Staff
Authors: Merkley Cari 
Published: February 2016

A Review of:
Robertson, R. (2014). Reframing ourselves: Digital information literacy skills of frontline public library staff. New Zealand Library and Information Management Journal, 53(3). doi:10.1080/00048623.2011.10722203

Abstract

Objective – To explore how and where public library employees acquire digital information literacy (DIL) skills.

Design – Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.

Setting – Two public libraries in New Zealand.

Subjects – Nine front line public library staff members.

Methods – A convenience sample of nine library employees was interviewed about their existing DIL skills, how and where they learned them, any barriers to this learning, and how they defined DIL in others. Interviewees ranged in age from 40 to 64 and included both those new to libraries and those with over 25 years in the profession. The interview transcripts were analyzed for key themes and placed in the theoretical framework of Kolb’s experiential learning cycle (Robertson, 2014).

Main Results – Five participants described their own DIL skills as average or below average. The remaining participants classified their skills as above average. Participants recounted acquiring DIL skills in the course of their work through formal workplace training sessions, peer support, or individual exploration; through personal exploration of tools on their own time; or through a mix of work and personal learning opportunities. The barriers they identified to their learning included insufficient time to train and practice the skills learned and the lack of access to relevant technologies. Participants noted problems such as accessing key hardware and insufficient Internet connectivity at work because of issues with organizational infrastructure and at home due to personal financial constraints. Participants largely preferred informal hands-on training by peers to formal training sessions, which were described by some as too general or held too far in advance of the implementation of new technology. The data suggested participants largely fell into Kolb’s accommodating or diverging learning styles because of their preference for “concrete experience” (Robertson, 2014).

Conclusion – Libraries may improve staff acquisition of DIL skills by increasing hands on learning opportunities and providing dedicated time to review and practice skills learned. Other suggestions included identifying potential digital peer mentors among staff and providing them with the necessary resources (time, money, and a defined role) to support their colleagues, breaking training into parts allowing time for practice, creating training plans tied to performance evaluation, and using incentives to encourage staff to participate in self-directed training.
Predicting Future Information Resource Utilization Under Conditions of Scarcity: The First Cohort Study in Health Sciences Librarianship
Authors: Eldredge Jonathan D. 
Published: February 2016

A review of:
Postell, William Dosité. “Further Comments on the Mathematical Analysis of Evaluating Scientific Journals.” Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 34.2 (1946): 107-9.

Objective – To predict future use of journal titles for making subscription decisions.

Design – Retrospective cohort study.

Setting – Louisiana State University School of Medicine Library in New Orleans.

Subjects – All library users, estimated to consist of primarily faculty members or their designees such as research assistants.

Methods – Estelle Brodman’s previous citation analysis and reputational analysis (1944) that produced a list of eleven top-ranked physiology journal titles served as the catalyst for Postell’s retrospective cohort study. Postell compiled data on all checkouts for these specific eleven journal titles in his library for the years 1939 through approximately 1945.

Main Results – Postell performed a Spearman rank-difference test on the rankings produced from his own circulation use data in order to compare it against journal title rankings produced from three other sources: (1) citation analysis from the references found in the Annual Review of Physiology based upon a system pioneered in 1927 by Gross and Gross; (2) three leading national physiology journals; and, (3) a reputational analysis list of top-ranked journals provided by the faculty members at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Department of Physiology. Postell found a relatively high correlation (.755, with 1.000 equaling a perfect correlation) between his retrospective cohort usage data and the reputational analysis list of top-ranked journals generated by the Columbia faculty members. The two citation analyses performed by Brodman did not correlate as highly with Postell’s results.

Conclusion – Brodman previously had questioned the use of citation analysis for journal subscription purchase decisions. Postell’s retrospective cohort study produced further evidence against basing subscription purchases on citation analysis. Postell noted that the citation analysis method “cannot always be relied upon as a valid criterion” for selecting journals in a discipline.
Face-to-face Training is the Preferred Modality of Professional Continuing Education for Librarians of All Ages, but More Evidence is Needed
Authors: Oxborrow Kathryn 
Published: February 2016

A Review of:
Lynn, V. A., Bose, A., & Boehmer, S. J. (2010). Librarian instruction-delivery modality preferences for professional continuing education. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 98(1), 57-64.

Objective — To establish the preferred modality for professional continuing education (CE) among members of three library associations. The primary hypothesis was that face-to-face training is the preferred modality, and the secondary hypothesis was that younger librarians are more likely to favour online or blended training modalities. In addition, the authors sought to investigate which factors influence participants' decisions to take up training.

Design — Online questionnaire.

Setting — Three library associations based in the United States of America. These were the American Library Association (ALA), the Special Libraries Association (SLA), and the Medical Library Association (MLA).

Subjects — A random sample of 328 members of the ALA (86 participants), SLA (63 participants), and MLA (291 participants). Some participants were members of more than one association.

Methods — Participants were recruited to complete an online survey via direct e-mail contact (MLA), messages on email discussion lists (SLA) and social networks (ALA). The survey asked about participants' experience of, and preference for, five different training modalities for CE. These were: face-to-face (classroom instruction), web-based synchronous (with real-time participant-instructor interaction), web-based asynchronous (with instructor involvement, but not in real time), blended (a combination of different modalities), and webcasts (live online presentations with limited participant-instructor interaction). Participants were then asked to rank factors which would influence their decision to undertake CE courses. The factors were cost, opportunity to socialize/network, time away from work, learning at their own pace, and having immediate access to either the class instructor or other participants. Participants were also given space to comment on both CE modalities and influencing factors.

Main Results — There was a statistically significant preference for face-to-face instruction in this sample, being preferred by at least 73.1% of participants in all age ranges. Younger librarians did not display a preference for online or blended training modalities. There was a significant difference in second preference between ALA and MLA members, who both preferred Web based asynchronous training, and SLA members, who preferred the web-based synchronous format. Participants' preferences for all modalities apart from face to face were significantly different depending on whether or not they had experienced the particular modality. Cost was ranked as the most influential factor in the decision to undertake CE by members of all three library associations (significant at P
Virtual Peer Mentoring (VPM) Might Facilitate the Entire EBLIP Process
Authors: Eldredge Jonathan D. 
Published: February 2016

Implications for Practice
•	Virtual Peer Mentoring (VPM) is one possible means for maintaining one’s continuous professional vitality.
•	Mentoring relationships can thrive despite boundary crossings or multiple relationships provided both participants uphold ethical principles.
•	Virtual peer mentoring is a possible response to the short supply of high level professionals with time to mentor junior staff.
Implications for Research
•	Professional associations must take the lead in identifying the most important and answerable questions facing our profession.
•	Where authoritative evidence does not exist for an informed decision a mentor may advise a protégé on the potential for further research
•	Despite scarce research on Virtual Peer Mentoring, we can infer guidance from similar research on distance learning and collaborations.
Fatty‐Acid Profiles and Enzyme Activities in Soil Particle‐Size Fractions under Long‐Term Fertilization
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liang Guoqing , Zhou Wei , Sun Jingwen , Wang Xiubin , He Ping 
Published: February 2016

Core Ideas
Organic treatments significantly enhanced soil organic C, total N, and most enzymes activities.
The highest soil organic C, total N, and enzyme activities were existed in 200‐ to 63‐μm fraction.
Soil organic C, total N, C/N ratio, α‐glucosidase, sulfatase, β‐glucosidase, β‐cellobiohydrolase, and phenol oxidase activities were significantly correlated with phospholipid fatty acids.
A long‐term experiment was established in 1981 to examine the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), enzyme activities, and microbial community composition. In this study, we considered 33 yr of the following fertilizer treatments: no fertilizer (control, CK), fertilizer N (N), fertilizer N and P (NP), fertilizer N, P and K (NPK), manure plus fertilizer N, P and K (NPKM), and manure (M). We focused on yellow‐brown paddy soil and its particle‐size fractions of >2000 µm (large macroaggregate sized), 2000–200 µm (coarse sand sized), 200–63 µm (fine sand sized), 63–2 µm (silt sized), and 2–0.1 µm (clay sized). Nutrient concentrations and enzymes, affected by fertilizer treatment and particle fraction, were unevenly active throughout the soils which showed significantly highest concentration and activity in the fine sand fraction, except sulfatase (Sul). However, the coarse sand fraction contributed the largest SOC, TN, and enzyme pools to bulk soil, followed by silt‐sized and large macroaggregate‐sized fractions. Compared with NPK, NPKM, and M treatments significantly improved SOC, TN, phosphatase (Pho), β‐glucosidase (βG), β‐cellobiohydrolase (βCB), N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase (NAG), β‐xylosidase (βX), phenol oxidase (PhOx), peroxidase activities, and the total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) abundance of soil fractions. Manure also accelerated SOC, TN, and most enzymes accumulation in coarse sand fraction at the expense of clay fraction. Principal component analysis (PCA) of microbial community composition showed a smaller variability in particle‐size fractions than treatments which suggested a considerable effect of soil nutrient availability on microbial community composition. Redundancy analysis (RDA) also convinced SOC, TN, C/N ratio, α‐glucosidase (αG), Sul, βG, βCB, and PhOx activities significantly governed microbial community in this study. Our results conveyed long‐term application of organic fertilizers contributed to the increase of SOC, TN, and most enzyme activities in bulk soil and particle fractions, along with abundant and diverse microbial community in fine sand fraction and other organic treated soil fractions.
THE MAGNETIZED GALACTIC WIND AND SYNCHROTRON HALO OF THE STARBURST DWARF GALAXY IC 10
Authors: Chyży Krzysztof T. , Drzazga Robert T. , Beck Rainer , Urbanik Marek , Heesen Volker , Bomans Dominik J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We aim to explore whether strong magnetic fields can be effectively generated in low-mass dwarf galaxies and, if so, whether such fields can be affected by galactic outflows and spread out into the intergalactic medium (IGM). We performed a radio continuum polarimetry study of IC 10, the nearest starbursting dwarf galaxy, using a combination of multifrequency interferometric (VLA) and single-dish (Effelsberg) observations. VLA observations at 1.43 GHz reveal an extensive and almost spherical radio halo of IC 10 in total intensity, extending twice more than the infrared-emitting galactic disk. The halo is magnetized with a magnetic field strength of 7 μG in the outermost parts. Locally, the magnetic field reaches about

in H ii complexes, becomes more ordered, and weakens to

in the synchrotron superbubble and to 7–10 μG within H i holes. At the higher frequency of 4.86 GHz, we found a large-scale magnetic field structure of X-shaped morphology, similar to that observed in several edge-on spiral galaxies. The X-shaped magnetic structure can be caused by the galactic wind, advecting magnetic fields injected into the interstellar medium by stellar winds and supernova explosions. The radio continuum scale heights at 1.43 GHz indicate the bulk speed of cosmic-ray electrons outflowing from H ii complexes of about 60 km s−1, exceeding the escape velocity of 40 km s−1. Hence, the magnetized galactic wind in IC 10 inflates the extensive radio halo visible at 1.43 GHz and can seed the IGM with both random and ordered magnetic fields. These are signatures of intense material feedback onto the IGM, expected to be prevalent in the protogalaxies of the early universe.
ON SUN-TO-EARTH PROPAGATION OF CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS: II. SLOW EVENTS AND COMPARISON WITH OTHERS
Authors: Liu Ying D. , Hu Huidong , Wang Chi , Luhmann Janet G. , Richardson John D. , Yang Zhongwei , Wang Rui 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
As a follow-up study on Sun-to-Earth propagation of fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs), we examine the Sun-to-Earth characteristics of slow CMEs combining heliospheric imaging and in situ observations. Three events of particular interest, the 2010 June 16, 2011 March 25, and 2012 September 25 CMEs, are selected for this study. We compare slow CMEs with fast and intermediate-speed events, and obtain key results complementing the attempt of Liu et al. to create a general picture of CME Sun-to-Earth propagation: (1) the Sun-to-Earth propagation of a typical slow CME can be approximately described by two phases, a gradual acceleration out to about 20–30 solar radii, followed by a nearly invariant speed around the average solar wind level; (2) comparison between different types of CMEs indicates that faster CMEs tend to accelerate and decelerate more rapidly and have shorter cessation distances for the acceleration and deceleration; (3) both intermediate-speed and slow CMEs would have speeds comparable to the average solar wind level before reaching 1 au; (4) slow CMEs have a high potential to interact with other solar wind structures in the Sun–Earth space due to their slow motion, providing critical ingredients to enhance space weather; and (5) the slow CMEs studied here lack strong magnetic fields at the Earth but tend to preserve a flux-rope structure with an axis generally perpendicular to the radial direction from the Sun. We also suggest a “best” strategy for the application of a triangulation concept in determining CME Sun-to-Earth kinematics, which helps to clarify confusions about CME geometry assumptions in the triangulation and to improve CME analysis and observations.
Le Corbusier et les relations avec le Brésil
Authors: Chiarelli Silvia Raquel , Verde Zein Ruth 
Published: February 2016

Résumé: Les relations preofessionelles établies par l’architecte suisse-français Le Corbusier avec le Brésil ont été énormes et variées. Ayant été initiées dans les années 1920, elles ont été étendues jusqu’à sa mort en 1965, lorsque son projet de l’Ambassade de la France à Brasilia était en train de se développer (1964). Les informations disponibles sur l’ensemble des projets, des œvres et des événements qui montrent la relation de Le Corbusier avec le Brésil ont été dispersés par plusieurs sources, et ils sont étudiés par plusieurs rechercheurs. Cet étude recueille et présente, de façon organisée et systématique, les informations clés sur les événements, en cherchant à élucider les cas où les informations soient différentes ou contradictoires, en présentant un résumé de ses informations sous une forme graphique compacte. L’article propose également une premiàre approche de l’étude d’un cas, celui du projet original de Le Corbusier pour l’Ambassade de la France au Brésil. Une des dernières œvres de l’architecte sera étudiée à la lumière de ses relations antérieures avec le Brésil, en tenant compte de sa position face aux relations stratégiques projectives proposées par l’architecte tout au long de son œuvre, et en considérant d’une façon spécifique mais pas exclusive, les projets realisés ou non, qui ont été élaborés par l’architecte au cours de sa dernière période créative dans les années 1960. Abstract: The preofessionelles relationships established by Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier with Brazil was huge and varied. Having been initiated in the 1920s, they have been extended until his death in 1965, when the project of the Embassy of France in Brasilia was being developed (1964). The information available on all projects, works provided and events that show the relationship Le Corbusier with Brazil were dispersed by several sources, and they are studied by several rechercheurs. This study collects and presents an organized and systematic way, key information about events, seeking to clarify the cases where the information is different or contradictory, presenting a summary of information in a compact graphical form. The article also offers a premiere approach to the study of a case, that the original project by Le Corbusier for the Embassy of France in Brazil. One of the last works provided the architect will be studied in the light of its previous relationship with Brazil, taking into account its position to projective strategic relationship proposed by the architect throughout his work, and considering a specifically but not exclusively, realized or unrealized projects, which were developed by the architect during his last creative period in the 1960s. Mots clés: Architecture moderne; Brésil; Ambassade de la France; Le Corbusier; œuvres; projets. Keywords: modern architecture; Brazil; Embassy of France; Le Corbusier; buildings; projects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.285
Unexpectedly high ultrafine aerosol concentrations above East Antarctic sea ice
Authors: Humphries R. S. , Klekociuk A. R. , Schofield R. , Keywood M. , Ward J. , Wilson S. R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Better characterisation of aerosol processes in pristine, natural environments, such as Antarctica, have recently been shown to lead to the largest reduction in uncertainties in our understanding of radiative forcing. Our understanding of aerosols in the Antarctic region is currently based on measurements that are often limited to boundary layer air masses at spatially sparse coastal and continental research stations, with only a handful of studies in the vast sea-ice region. In this paper, the first observational study of sub-micron aerosols in the East Antarctic sea ice region is presented. Measurements were conducted aboard the icebreaker Aurora Australis in spring 2012 and found that boundary layer condensation nuclei (CN3) concentrations exhibited a five-fold increase moving across the polar front, with mean polar cell concentrations of 1130 cm−3 – higher than any observed elsewhere in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean region. The absence of evidence for aerosol growth suggested that nucleation was unlikely to be local. Air parcel trajectories indicated significant influence from the free troposphere above the Antarctic continent, implicating this as the likely nucleation region for surface aerosol, a similar conclusion to previous Antarctic aerosol studies. The highest aerosol concentrations were found to correlate with low-pressure systems, suggesting that the passage of cyclones provided an accelerated pathway, delivering air masses quickly from the free troposphere to the surface. After descent from the Antarctic free troposphere, trajectories suggest that sea-ice boundary layer air masses travelled equatorward into the low-albedo Southern Ocean region, transporting with them emissions and these aerosol nuclei which, after growth, may potentially impact on the region's radiative balance. The high aerosol concentrations and their transport pathways described here, could help reduce the discrepancy currently present between simulations and observations of cloud and aerosol over the Southern Ocean.
Shear velocity structure beneath the central United States: implications for the origin of the Illinois Basin and intraplate seismicity
Authors: Chen Chen , Gilbert Hersh , Andronicos Christopher , Hamburger Michael W. , Larson Timothy , Marshak Stephen , Pavlis Gary L. , Yang Xiaotao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present new estimates of lithospheric shear velocities for the intraplate seismic zones and the Illinois Basin in the U.S. midcontinent by analyzing teleseismic Rayleigh waves. We find that relatively high crustal shear velocities (VS) characterize the southern Illinois Basin, while relatively low crustal velocities characterize the middle and lower crust of the central and northern Illinois Basin. The observed high crustal velocities may correspond to high‐density mafic intrusions emplaced into the crust during the development of the Reelfoot Rift, which may have contributed to the subsidence of the Illinois Basin. The low crustal VS beneath the central and northern basin follow the La Salle deformation belt. We also observe relatively low velocities in the mantle beneath the New Madrid seismic zone where VS decreases by about 7% compared to those outside of the rift. The low VS in the upper mantle also extends beneath the Wabash Valley and Ste. Genevieve seismic zones. Testing expected VS reductions based on plausible thermal heterogeneities for the midcontinent indicates that the 7% velocity reduction would not result from elevated temperatures alone. Instead this scale of anomaly requires a contribution from some combination of increased iron and water content. Both rifting and interaction with a mantle plume could introduce these compositional heterogeneities. Similar orientations for the NE‐SW low‐velocity zone and the Reelfoot Rift suggest a rift origin to the reduced velocities. The low VS upper mantle represents a weak region and the intraplate seismic zones would correspond to concentrated crustal deformation above weak mantle.