bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation to optimize the laboratory diagnosis of bacteremia
Authors: Gerada Alessandro , Roberts Gareth , Howard Alex , Reza Nada , Velluva Anoop , Rosato Conor , Green Peter L. , Hope William 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Blood cultures are central to the management of patients with sepsis and bloodstream infection. Clinical decisions depend on the timely availability of laboratory information, which, in turn, depends on the optimal laboratory processing of specimens. Discrete event simulation (DES) offers insights into where optimization efforts can be targeted. Here, we generate a detailed process map of blood culture processing within a laboratory and use it to build a simulator. Direct observation of laboratory staff processing blood cultures was used to generate a flowchart of the blood culture laboratory pathway. Retrospective routinely collected data were combined with direct observations to generate probability distributions over the time taken for each event. These data were used to inform the DES model. A sensitivity analysis explored the impact of staff availability on turnaround times. A flowchart of the blood culture pathway was constructed, spanning labeling, incubation, organism identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Thirteen processes in earlier stages of the pathway, not otherwise captured by routinely collected data, were timed using direct observations. Observations revealed that specimen processing is predominantly batched. Another eight processes were timed using retrospective data. A simulator was built using DES. Sensitivity analysis revealed that specimen progression through the simulation was especially sensitive to laboratory technician availability. Gram stain reporting time was also sensitive to laboratory scientist availability. Our laboratory simulation model has wide-ranging applications for the optimization of laboratory processes and effective implementation of the changes required for faster and more accurate results.

IMPORTANCE
Optimization of laboratory pathways and resource availability has a direct impact on the clinical management of patients with bloodstream infection. This research offers an insight into the laboratory processing of blood cultures at a system level and allows clinical microbiology laboratories to explore the impact of changes to processes and resources.
Seismic discontinuity in the Martian crust possibly caused by water-filled cracks
Authors: Katayama Ikuo , Akamatsu Yuya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent seismic data acquired by the InSight lander have revealed seismic discontinuities in the Martian crust that have been interpreted as sharp transitions in porosity or chemical composition. Here we propose an alternative model in which the transition from dry cracks to water-filled cracks could explain the observed seismic discontinuity in the Martian crust. Our model can explain sharp increases in seismic velocity and Vp/Vs at ∼10 km depth with no associated changes in porosity or chemical composition. The present model suggests the local existence of liquid water in the Martian crust, which could potentially serve as a subsurface habitat for life.
Effects of resveratrol on aortic growth in patients with Marfan syndrome: a single-arm open-label multicentre trial
Authors: van Andel Mitzi Marlotte , Bosshardt Daan , Schrauben Eric M , Merton Renske , van Kimmenade Roland R L , Scholte Arthur , Dickinson Michael G , Robbers-Visser Danielle , Zwinderman Aeilko H , Mulder Barbara , Nederveen Aart J , van Ooij Pim , Groenink Maarten , de Waard Vivian 
Published: September 2024

Background
Resveratrol, a dietary supplement that intervenes in cellular metabolism, has been shown to reduce aortic growth rate in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome (MFS), a condition associated in humans with life-threatening aortic complications, often preceded by aortic dilatation. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on aortic growth rate in patients with MFS .

Methods
In this investigator-initiated, single-arm open-label multicentre trial, we analysed resveratrol treatment in adults aged 18–50 years with MFS. The primary endpoint was the change in estimated annual aortic growth at five predefined levels in the thoracic aorta after 1 year of resveratrol treatment, evaluated using a linear mixed model. Aortic diameters were measured by cardiac MRI at three time points to analyse the annual aortic expansion rate before and after initiation of treatment. Additionally, annual aortic growth was compared with growth in a previously conducted losartan randomised clinical trial.

Results
898 patients were screened of which 19% (168/898) patients met the inclusion criteria.
36% (61/168) patients signed informed consent and 93% (57/61) aged 37±9 years, of which 28 males (49%) were included in the final analysis of the study. 46% (26/57) had undergone aortic root replacement prior to the study. Aortic root diameters remained stable after 1.2±0.3 years of resveratrol administration. A trend towards a decrease in estimated growth rate (mm/year) was observed in the aortic root (from 0.39±0.06 to −0.13±0.23, p=0.072), ascending aorta (from 0.40±0.05 to −0.01±0.18, p=0.072) and distal descending aorta (from 0.32±0.04 to 0.01±0.14, p=0.072).

Conclusion
Resveratrol treatment for 1 year may stabilise the aortic growth rate in adult patients with MFS. However, a subsequent randomised clinical trial with a longer follow-up duration and a larger study cohort is needed to establish an actual long-term beneficial effect of this dietary supplement in patients with MFS.

Trial registration number
NL66127.018.18.
Implications of the 2022 lung function update and GLI global reference equations among patients with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Li Andrew , Teoh Alan , Troy Lauren , Glaspole Ian , Wilsher Margaret L , de Boer Sally , Wrobel Jeremy , Moodley Yuben P , Thien Francis , Gallagher Henry , Galbraith Michelle , Chambers Daniel C , Mackintosh John , Goh Nicole , Khor Yet Hong , Edwards Adrienne , Royals Karen , Grainge Christopher , Kwan Benjamin , Keir Gregory J , Ong Chong , Reynolds Paul N , Veitch Elizabeth , Chai Gin Tsen , Ng Ziqin , Tan Geak Poh , Jackson Dan , Corte Tamera , Jo Helen 
Published: September 2024

Background
Lung function testing remains a cornerstone in the assessment and management of interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients. The clinical implications of the Global Lung function Initiative (GLI) reference equations and the updated interpretation strategies remain uncertain.

Methods
Adult patients with ILD with baseline forced vital capacity (FVC) were included from the Australasian ILD registry and the National Healthcare Group ILD registry, Singapore.
The European Coal and Steel Community and Miller reference equations were compared with the GLI reference equations to assess (a) differences in lung function percent predicted values; (b) ILD risk prediction models and (c) eligibility for ILD clinical trial enrolment.

Results
Among 2219 patients with ILD, 1712 (77.2%) were white individuals. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), connective tissue disease-associated ILD and unclassifiable ILD predominated.
Median FVC was 2.60 (2.01–3.36) L, forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 2.09 (1.67–2.66) L and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was 13.60 (10.16–17.60) mL/min/mm Hg. When applying the GLI reference equations, the mean FVC percentage predicted was 8.8% lower (87.7% vs 78.9%, p<0.01) while the mean DLCO percentage predicted was 4.9% higher (58.5% vs 63.4%, p<0.01). There was a decrease in 19 IPF and 119 non-IPF patients who qualified for the nintedanib clinical trials when the GLI reference equations were applied. Risk prediction models performed similarly in predicting mortality using both reference equations.

Conclusion
Applying the GLI reference equations in patients with ILD leads to higher DLCO percentage predicted values and smaller lung volume percentage predicted values. While applying the GLI reference equations did not impact on prognostication, fewer patients met the clinical trial criteria for antifibrotic agents.
A compositional analysis of time spent in physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep with quality of life in Canadian older adults aged 65 years and above: findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Hakimi Shawn , Martin Luc J. , Rosenberg Mark W. 
Published: September 2024

Associations between daily time spent in physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep (collectively referred to as “movement behaviour”) and quality of life (QOL) are typically studied without considering they are compositional, co-dependant variables. Study objectives were to use compositional data analysis to: (1) examine the relationship between movement behaviour composition and QOL, (2) estimate the degree to which changing time spent in any movement behaviour within the movement behaviour composition is associated with QOL. 7918 older Canadian adults ≥65 years of age from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging were studied using a quasi-longitudinal study design. Daily time spent in PA and SB were derived from self-reported Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly responses. Nighttime sleep was self-reported separately. QOL was assessed through the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Movement behaviour composition was significantly associated with QOL. Relative time spent in SB was negatively associated with QOL (HR = 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86–0.93)). Relative time spent in sleep was positively associated with QOL (HR = 1.10 (95% CI: 1.05–1.16)). Time displacement estimates revealed that greatest change in QOL occurred when time spent in PA was decreased and replaced with SB (HR = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.92–0.99) for 45 min/day displacement). Using compositional data analysis is advantageous because it shows how reduction in SB and increase in PA and sleep can lead to improvements in QOL for older Canadian adults.
Unveiling the secrets of new physics through top quark tagging
Authors: Sahu Rameswar , Ashanujjaman Saiyad , Ghosh Kirtiman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ubiquity of top-rich final states in the context of beyond the Standard Model (BSM) searches has led to their status as extensively studied signatures at the LHC. Over the past decade, numerous endeavours have been undertaken in the literature to develop methods for efficiently distinguishing boosted top quark jets from QCD jets. Although cut-based strategies for boosted top tagging, which rely on substructure information from fat jets resulting from the hadronic decay of boosted top quarks, were introduced in the literature as early as 2008, recent years have witnessed a surge in the utilization of machine learning-based approaches for the classification of top-jets from QCD jets. The review focuses on the present status of boosted top tagging and its application for BSM searchers.
Optimizing Monotone Chance-Constrained Submodular Functions Using Evolutionary Multiobjective Algorithms
Authors: Neumann Aneta , Neumann Frank 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Many real-world optimization problems can be stated in terms of submodular functions. Furthermore, these real-world problems often involve uncertainties which may lead to the violation of given constraints. A lot of evolutionary multiobjective algorithms following the Pareto optimization approach have recently been analyzed and applied to submodular problems with different types of constraints. We present a first runtime analysis of evolutionary multiobjective algorithms based on Pareto optimization for chance-constrained submodular functions. Here the constraint involves stochastic components and the constraint can only be violated with a small probability of α. We investigate the classical GSEMO algorithm for two different bi-objective formulations using tail bounds to determine the feasibility of solutions. We show that the algorithm GSEMO obtains the same worst case performance guarantees for monotone submodular functions as recently analyzed greedy algorithms for the case of uniform IID weights and uniformly distributed weights with the same dispersion when using the appropriate bi-objective formulation. As part of our investigations, we also point out situations where the use of tail bounds in the first bi-objective formulation can prevent GSEMO from obtaining good solutions in the case of uniformly distributed weights with the same dispersion if the objective function is submodular but non-monotone due to a single element impacting monotonicity. Furthermore, we investigate the behavior of the evolutionary multiobjective algorithms GSEMO, NSGA-II, and SPEA2 on different submodular chance-constrained network problems. Our experimental results show that the use of evolutionary multiobjective algorithms leads to significant performance improvements compared to state-of-the-art greedy algorithms for submodular optimization.
Sculpture Is a Verb: Remembering Richard
Authors: Krauss Rosalind E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Rosalind Krauss analyzes aspects of Richard Serra's oeuvre, and Clement Greenberg's opposition to it, by way of a discussion of several of his sculptures, particularly One Ton Prop (House of Cards), as well as Verb List, locating the essence of Serra's work in that of the medium of sculpture itself: contrapposto.
The article begins: “My flight from the house of Greenberg (Judd called us “Greenbergers”) began with Richard Serra: In conversation, Clem would dismiss him outright.
“I think this derived from his indignant reading of One Ton Prop: House of Cards, with its four lead plates abutted corner-to-corner, indeed like a “house of cards.” My guess is that Clem made a snap judgment from this almost-cube that Serra was a Minimalist—an aesthetic neighbor of Flavin and Judd. But from the first, starting with my encounter with One Ton Prop at the Whitney's Anti-Illusion exhibition in 1969, I have seen Serra's work as being adamantly opposed to Minimalism and exploring, instead, sculpture's “aesthetic support.” All mediums derive their logic from such a core postulate. We could say that poetry's is metaphor; ceramics' is symmetry (as the two hands shape the wet clay on the pottery wheel); and sculpture's is most emphatically that of contrapposto: the bilateral articulation of the human form in terms of weight and support.”
“Contrapposto: art-history speak for counterpoise—the necessary balance for the upright human posture. Freud tells a simple evolutionary story in Civilization and Its Discontents, the dénouement of which is the moment mankind stood up—left the ground behind and rose above it on his two legs. This moment engineered a momentous realignment of man's perceptual organs, he reasoned. Nose and teeth and jaws receded before the supremacy of eyes and ears, the animality of pawing and sniffing being replaced by the visual, giving way, instead, to beauty and detachment. Thus the mental space in the armor of humanity expanded. Detachment in turn opened onto newly established cognitive zones: reflection, logic, memory.
“Perceptual distance opened a space within which memory developed and with it the grasp of history—of the moment of realization that one has left the ground. The brevity of that moment contracts it into a timeless purity, and the purity of this snap of the fingers makes it abstract.”
Strategic Ambivalence
Authors: Tolson Hannah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Contributing to scholarship on gender in Evangelical Christianity, this article focuses on the notion of male headship. With existing literature concerned with male headship within the marital sphere, this study also investigates beliefs about male headship in church settings, and the interconnections between these two topics. Interviews with ten British, Evangelical women were conducted on male headship, gender roles, and gender discrimination in church. This study found that participants generally affirmed male headship within the marital and familial sphere, showing ambivalence towards male headship in the church. This ambivalence helps participants stay in churches which bar women from church governing roles, despite participants expressing support for women in church leadership.
Nomos Empsychos: towards a Historiography of the Greek Living Law Idea
Authors: Tussay Ákos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the Middle Ages, the idea of legislative sovereignty was expressed with reference to a host of commonplace arguments, such as pater legis, Sol Iustitiae, or lex animata. And many believe that it was the Roman legal concept of animate law which eventually laid the foundation for the elaboration of the idea of absolute power in the late Middle Ages. If this hypothesis is correct, the philosophic background of some late medieval and early modern absolutistic doctrines of political government could be sought after as early as the classical Greek descriptions of a king who is nomos empsychos, that is, a living law. In this article, I intend to consider this intellectual tradition, and raise some doubts about the merits of the above claim, arguing instead for a separate consideration of the individual sources of the nomos empsychos concept. As such, I am tracing the genealogy of the expression to the fifth-century Pythagorean, Archytas of Tarentum, and I am demonstrating that originally the nomos empsychos was inseparably associated with an intrinsically Archytean tradition.
Retrieval of Boundary Layer Precipitable Water from GOES ABI Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Lee Yoonjin , Hilburn Kyle , Bansal Akansha Singh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Low-level moisture is an important ingredient for forecasting severe storms, especially over the Great Plains where severe storms often develop along the dryline. Although ground-based observation systems such as lidar or radiosondes on weather balloons provide accurate information on low-level moisture, data are provided at limited locations, and the low temporal resolution of radiosondes makes it difficult to track a rapidly developing dryline. Geostationary satellites provide high spatial and temporal observation, but the channels of current geostationary satellites are mostly sensitive to water vapor at mid- to upper levels. However, the split window difference (SWD) between the “clean” window channel (10.3 μm) and the “dirty” window channel (12.3 μm) is commonly used for estimating low-level water vapor. However, this estimation is complicated by surface temperature contributions, dependence on the lapse rate, and nonlinear relationships between SWD and moisture. This study applies machine learning techniques to infer boundary layer precipitable water (BLPW) from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) data. Since there are few observations that cover wide regions for training convolutional neural networks, especially for the atmosphere above the surface, High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model outputs are used as the truth for training. Statistical results show that using ABI channel 13, 14, and 15 brightness temperatures, skin temperature, solar zenith angle, and GOES total precipitable water product as additional inputs shows the lowest mean-square error (MSE). Case study results show that the model developed in this study is good at capturing strong moisture gradients and depicting a dryline.

Significance Statement
Knowledge of low-level moisture is important for monitoring drylines and moisture convergence preceding convective initiation. Traditional observations lack the spatial resolution, spatial coverage, or temporal update frequency needed by forecasters. The latest generation of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), the GOES-R series, provides high spatial resolution and rapid temporal updates. However, the estimation of low-level moisture using the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) is complicated by dependencies on other variables and nonlinear relationships. Machine learning is shown to provide good estimates of low-level moisture from ABI observations. This application of machine learning to GOES-R can improve the ability to monitor low-level moisture and forecast convective initiation.
Local Anesthesia for above Knee Femoropopliteal Bypass: An Alternative Technique to Endoluminal Bypass Grafting
Authors: Lumsden A. B. , Weiss V. , Pitts M. , MacDonald M. J. , Surowiec S. M. , Ofenloch J. C. 
Published: September 2024

Background: The majority of patients with peripheral vascular disease have associated medical illnesses that contribute to a substantial incidence of perioperative complications. Some of the these complications may be related to the choice of anesthetic used. An ideal anesthetic would provide good analgesia, have few complications associated with its use, including minimizing hemodynamic instability, and provide an adequate surgical environment. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with an occluded superficial femoral artery and claudication or rest pain were selected. Eligibility criteria were a non-obese thigh and an above knee popliteal segment of at least 10 cm. Lidocaine local anesthesia with systemic sedation was employed. Above knee femoropopliteal bypasses were performed in all patients. Intraoperative fluid volume, anesthetic dose and perioperative morbidity were recorded. Results: All patients tolerated the procedure well. The operating environment was excellent. Intraoperative fluid requirements were less for patients receiving local anesthesia as compared with a similar group of patients undergoing above knee femoropopliteal bypass receiving regional anesthesia (mean 1750 ml versus 3386 ml). The mean dosage of lidocaine (0.5%) was 367 mg over a mean of 116 min operating time. All patients ambulated within 8 hours. There was no perioperative morbidity, mortality or graft occlusion. Conclusion: This technique is easy to perform and further reduces the systemic magnitude of anesthesia, while providing excellent perioperative analgesia and a satisfactory surgical environment. It may be ideal for the high risk patient, as intraoperative fluid volume requirements are reduced. In an era where endoluminal bypass grafting is being increasingly advocated, this technique retains the benefits of bypass grafting while possibly reducing the physiological insult.
Myocardial Revascularization in Patients ≤ 45 Years Old: Evaluation of Cardial and Functional Capacity, and Return to Work
Authors: Noyez L. , Onundu J. W. , Janssen D. P. B. , Stotnicki S. H. , Lacquet L. K. 
Published: September 2024

Objective: To investigate whether patients ≤ 45 years old benefit from myocardial revascularization, measured by New York Heart classification, functional status and return to work. Methods: The data of 188 consecutive patients 45 years old and younger, and who were undergoing primary isolated aortocoronary bypass operation, were studied. Follow-up information was obtained from our follow-up databank. A cross-sectional follow-up was conducted and an additional functional evaluation by the Duke Activity Status Index and the work situation. Results: The follow-up, was complete for 98.2% of patients and showed a survival rate of 99% at 12 and 86.1% at 120 months. Eight patients died during follow-up. There was a significant improvement of NYHA classification. The Dukes Activity Status Index showed a good correlation with the NYHA class; however, only 47% of the patients returned to work.