bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Computer Application for Retrospective Detection of Vitamin K Antagonist Treatment Imbalance
Authors: Ferret Laurie , Luyckx Michel , Ficheur Grégoire , Chazard Emmanuel , Beuscart Régis 
Published: June 2016

Objective
Management of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) is difficult, and overdoses can have dramatic hemorrhagic consequences. The adverse drug event (ADE) scorecards is a tool intended for the detection and description of adverse drug reaction/ADE developed during a European computerized medical data processing project. It is used in a quality assurance process. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of the ADE scorecards in the detection of the contributing factors for VKA overdoses, among the cases where a VKA overdose is observed.

Methods
Twenty-eight rules allow the detection of VKA treatment overdose related to drug or a clinical situation. They were applied on 14,748 electronic medical records from a community hospital. Among 582 records including a VKA prescription, 59 cases of VKA overdoses (international normalized ratio ≥ 5) during the hospital stay have been identified. The ADE scorecards detected 49 of them. We evaluated the positive predictive value and sensitivity of these rules, by an expert review of the cases.

Results
The expert review confirmed the contribution of a detected risk factor to the VKA overdose in 11 cases. Therefore, the precision of the rules is 22.4%. The sensitivity is 84.6%. The risk factors were mainly infection and amiodarone introduction. The 4 cases of clinical injury related to a drug were properly designated by the rules.

Conclusions
Our study shows the great potential of the ADE scorecards for detecting cofactors of VKA overdoses and gives an argument to include complex rules in the knowledge bases used for the detection and identification of ADEs in large medical databases.
Frequency of Passive EHR Alerts in the ICU: Another Form of Alert Fatigue?
Authors: Kizzier-Carnahan Vanessa , Artis Kathryn A. , Mohan Vishnu , Gold Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives
The intensive care unit (ICU) is a complex environment in terms of data density and alerts, with alert fatigue, a recognized barrier to patient safety. The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a major source of these alerts. Although studies have looked at the incidence and impact of active EHR alerts, little research has studied the impact of passive data alerts on patient safety.

Method
We reviewed the EHR database of 100 consecutive ICU patient records; within, we assessed the number of values flagged as either as abnormal or “panic” across all data domains. We used data from our previous studies to determine the 10 most commonly visited screens while preparing for rounds to determine the total number of times, an abnormal value would be expected to be viewed.

Results
There were 64.1 passive alerts/patient per day, of which only 4.5% were panic values. When accounting for the commonly used EHR screens by providers, this was increased to 165.3 patient/d. Laboratory values comprised 71% of alerts, with the remaining occurring in vitals (25%) and medications (6%). Despite the high prevalence of alerts, certain domains including ventilator settings (0.04 flags/d) were rarely flagged.

Conclusions
The average ICU patient generates a large number of passive alerts daily, many of which may be clinically irrelevant. Issues with EHR design and use likely further magnify this problem. Our results establish the need for additional studies to understand how a high burden of passive alerts impact clinical decision making and how to design passive alerts to optimize their clinical utility.
Perceptions of the PrePex Device Among Men Who Received or Refused PrePex Circumcision and People Accompanying Them
Authors: Milovanovic Minja , Taruberekera Noah , Martinson Neil , Lebina Limakatso 
Published: June 2016

Background:
The PrePex medical male circumcision (MMC) device has been approved for MMC scale-up. However, the WHO has recommended that a country-specific situation analysis should be carried out before MMC device rollout.

Method:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted over 12 months in 3 MMC clinics, by trained nurses and researchers, to ascertain attitudes toward PrePex MMC in 3 groups: men consenting for PrePex MMC (PrePex recipients), people accompanying men, and adolescents coming for either PrePex or surgical circumcision (MMC escorts) and men refusing the PrePex device MMC (PrePex rejecters). All participants received information on surgical and the PrePex device MMC methods.

Results:
A total of 312 PrePex recipients, 117 MMC escorts, and 21 PrePex rejecters were recruited into the study. Ninety-nine percent of PrePex recipients thought that their expectations (safe, convenient, minimal pain) were met, and they were pleased with cosmetic outcome. Fifty-nine percent of PrePex rejecters opted for surgical circumcision because they perceived PrePex to be novel and risky. All 3 groups of participants were concerned about odor, dead skin, discomfort, healing time, and wound care. Ninety-eight percent of MMC escorts, 99% of PrePex recipient, and 81% of PrePex rejecters perceived PrePex circumcision as an acceptable option for South African MMC programmes.

Conclusions:
This acceptability study suggests that PrePex MMC is considered safe and convenient and could be incorporated into existing MMC programmes. Concerns about odor, pain, wound care, and healing time suggest that the need for more research to further optimize methods and that MMC clients should be counseled on available methods to enable them to choose among options based on their preferences.
Delivering PrePex Medical Male Circumcision Services Through a Mobile Clinic: The Experience From a Pilot Project in North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Kufa Tendesayi , Chetty-Makkan Candice , Maraisane Mpho , Charalambous Salome , Chihota Violet , Toledo Carlos 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:
We describe the implementation of a pilot project to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of providing PrePex circumcision from a mobile clinic. We analyzed available project diary entries and staff meeting minutes to identify challenges encountered. The main challenges identified were (1) daily time constraints because of setting up procedures, (2) transportation logistics for clients when the mobile clinic had moved to a different location, (3) integration and coordination of staff responsibilities, and (4) recruitment for PrePex services in the mobile clinic. The provision of PrePex device circumcision through a mobile clinic was feasible but careful planning and review of operational procedures were needed to resolve the implementation challenges.
Transdermal Rivastigmine Delivery for Alzheimer Disease: Amenability of Exposure Predictions of Rivastigmine and Metabolite, NAP226-90, by Linear Regression Model Using Limited Samples
Authors: Srinivas Nuggehally R. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Although an optimized delivery of rivastigmine for management of Alzhiemer disease (AD) is provided by the transdermal patch, it is critical to establish a limited sampling strategy for the measurement of exposure of rivastigmine/NAP226-90.

Methods
The relationship Cmax versus AUC0–24h for rivastigmine/NAP226-90 was established by regression models. The derived regression equations enabled the prediction AUC0–24h for rivastigmine and NAP226-90. Models were evaluated using statistical criteria. Mixed model was used to predict AUC0–24h for rivastigmine/NAP226-90 from time points such as 8 (C8h), 12 (C12h), and 18 (C18h) hours.

Results
Excellent correlation was established for between Cmax and AUC0–24h for rivastigmine and NAP226-90. AUC0–24h predictions of either rivastigmine or NAP226-90 were within 0.8- to 1.25-fold difference. The RMSE in the AUC0–24h predictions ranged from 17.6% to 21.9%, and the R
2 for prediction were greater than 0.96 for both rivastigmine and NAP226-90. Use of mixed model for C8h, C12h, and C18h resulted in AUC0–24h within 1.5-fold difference for rivastigmine or NAP226-90.

Conclusions
Cmax of rivastigmine and NAP226-90 was highly correlated with the corresponding AUC0–24h values confirming the role of a time point closer to Cmax for an effective AUC measurement of rivastigmine or the metabolite.
Improvement in Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children With the Use of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide: An Open Trial
Authors: Becker Michele Michelin , Riesgo Rudimar S. , Roesler Rafael , Bosa Cleonice , Ohlweiler Lygia , Backes Bárbara , Endres Renata G. , Zanon Regina B. , Marchezan Josemar , Schwartsmann Gilberto 
Published: June 2016

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) for core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.

Methods
This is a prospective, open-label study with 160 pmol/kg of GRP tested in 10 children with autism. Outcome measures used were the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement Scale, Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. Positive response was defined as a score of 1 (very much improved) or 2 (much improved) on the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement Scale and an improvement of 25% or greater on at least 1 subscale of ABC.

Results
Six (60%) of the 10 subjects responded to GRP. Improvements were observed on the ABC irritability and hyperactivity subscales in 80% of patients, and 70% exhibited improvement on the social withdrawal subscale. On the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, there was a mean reduction of 4 points (4.3 ± 2.9). Analysis of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised results detected significant improvements in the domain that assesses social interaction, with a mean reduction of 2.4 points (2.4 ± 2.83). Adverse effects occurred in 3 patients.

Conclusions
Gastrin-releasing peptide was safe and well tolerated by most subjects and may be effective for core symptoms of autism.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Trevizol Alisson Paulino , Shiozawa Pedro , Cook Ian A. , Sato Isa Albuquerque , Kaku Caio Barbosa , Guimarães Fernanda BS. , Sachdev Perminder , Sarkhel Sujit , Cordeiro Quirino 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising noninvasive brain stimulation intervention. Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been proposed for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with auspicious results.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of TMS for OCD in randomized clinical trials (RCTs).MethodsSystematic review using MEDLINE and EMBASE from the first RCT available until March 11, 2016. The main outcome was the Hedgesgfor continuous scores for Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale in a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I2and the χ2test. Publication bias was evaluated using the Begg funnel plot. Metaregression was performed using the random-effects model modified by Knapp and Hartung.ResultsWe included 15 RCTs (n = 483), most had small-to-modest sample sizes. Comparing active versus sham TMS, active stimulation was significantly superior for OCD symptoms (Hedges g = 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–0.71). The funnel plot showed that the risk of publication bias was low and between-study heterogeneity was low (I2= 43%,P= 0.039 for the χ2test). Metaregression showed no particular influence of any variable on the results.ConclusionsTranscranial magnetic stimulation active was superior to sham stimulation for the amelioration of OCD symptoms. Trials had moderate heterogeneity results, despite different protocols of stimulation used. Further RCTs with larger sample sizes are fundamentally needed to clarify the precise impact of TMS in OCD symptoms.
Tradict enables accurate prediction of eukaryotic transcriptional states from 100 marker genes
Authors: Biswas Surojit , Kerner Konstantin , José Pereira Lima Teixeira Paulo , Dangl Jeffery L. , Jojic Vladimir , Wigge Philip A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTranscript levels are a critical determinant of the proteome and hence cellular function. Because the transcriptome is an outcome of the interactions between genes and their products, it may be accurately represented by a subset of transcript abundances. We developed a method, Tradict (transcriptome predict), capable of learning and using the expression measurements of a small subset of 100 marker genes to predict transcriptome-wide gene abundances and the expression of a comprehensive, but interpretable list of transcriptional programs that represent the major biological processes and pathways of the cell. By analyzing over 23,000 publicly available RNA-Seq datasets, we show that Tradict is robust to noise and accurate. Coupled with targeted RNA sequencing, Tradict may therefore enable simultaneous transcriptome-wide screening and mechanistic investigation at large scales.
The effects of inter‐vibrator interference on vibrator performance
Authors: Dean Timothy , Tulett John , Lane Darvin 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe output from the hydraulic vibrators typically used for land seismic surveys is controlled by monitoring the acceleration measured by accelerometers mounted on the reaction mass and baseplate. The considerable energy output by such vibrators, which are coupled with the sensitivity of the accelerometers used, results in crosstalk if more than one vibrator is being used. In this paper, we present the results of a field experiment in which we measured the crosstalk between two adjacent vibrators. We found that the level of crosstalk was approximately ‐20 dB when the vibrators were adjacent but decreased with increasing frequency and separation. This result has implications for measurements of vibrator performance, source‐signature deconvolution, and in particular, estimates of the total energy output by a fleet of vibrators.
Sonification of geophysical data through time–frequency analysis: theory and applications
Authors: Dell'Aversana Paolo , Gabbriellini Gianluca , Amendola Alfonso 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we introduce a new method of geophysical data interpretation based on simultaneous analysis of images and sounds. The final objective is to expand the interpretation workflow through multimodal (visual–audio) perception of the same information. We show how seismic data can be effectively converted into standard formats commonly used in digital music. This conversion of geophysical data into the musical domain can be done by applying appropriate time–frequency transforms. Using real data, we demonstrate that the Stockwell transform provides a very accurate and reliable conversion. Once converted into musical files, geophysical datasets can be played and interpreted by using modern computer music tools, such as sequencers. This approach is complementary and not substitutive of interpretation methods based on imaging. It can be applied not only to seismic data but also to well logs and any type of geophysical time/depth series. To show the practical implications of our integrated visual–audio method of interpretation, we discuss an application to a real seismic dataset in correspondence of an important hydrocarbon discovery.
Multiple opportunistic pathogens can cause a bleaching disease in the red seaweed Delisea pulchra
Authors: Kumar Vipra , Zozaya‐Valdes Enrique , Kjelleberg Staffan , Thomas Torsten , Egan Suhelen 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWhile macroalgae (or seaweeds) are increasingly recognized to suffer from disease, in most cases the causative agents are unknown. The model macroalga Delisea pulchra is susceptible to a bleaching disease and previous work has identified two epiphytic bacteria, belonging to the Roseobacter clade, that cause bleaching under laboratory conditions. However, recent environmental surveys have shown that these in vitro pathogens are not abundant in naturally bleached D. pulchra, suggesting the presence of other pathogens capable of causing this algal disease. To test this hypothesis, we cultured bacteria that were abundant on bleached tissue across multiple disease events and assessed their ability to cause bleaching disease. We identified the new pathogens Alteromonas sp. BL110, Aquimarina sp. AD1 and BL5 and Agarivorans sp BL7 that are phylogenetically diverse, distinct from the previous two pathogens and can also be found in low abundance in healthy individuals. Moreover, we found that bacterial communities of diseased individuals that were infected with these pathogens were less diverse and more divergent from each other than those of healthy algae. This study demonstrates that multiple and opportunistic pathogens can cause the same disease outcome for D. pulchra and we postulate that such pathogens are more common in marine systems than previously anticipated.
Forensic Features of Lethal Late‐Presenting Diaphragmatic Hernias
Authors: Thompson Melissa , Wills Stephen , Byard Roger W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDiaphragmatic defects are a relatively common and benign finding in adults which may be congenital or secondarily acquired. The case files at Forensic Sciences South Australia were reviewed over a 10‐year period from July 2005 to June 2015 for all adult (>17 years) cases in which diaphragmatic hernias were identified at postmortem examination that had either caused or contributed to death. Five cases were found: age range 49–90 years (average 67.2 years); male:female ratio 2:3. Herniated organs included the stomach (N = 3), small (N = 3) and large intestines (N = 2). Mechanisms of death involved lung compression with respiratory failure and/or mediastinal shift, and vascular compromise with gastric or intestinal infarction and/or perforation. Diaphragmatic hernias may not be identified until the time of autopsy and may be quite complex entities to evaluate due to a lack of clinical history and to difficulties in determining their origin and possible contributions to mechanisms of death.
Using multiple disparate data sources to map heat vulnerability: Vancouver case study
Authors: Aminipouri Mehdi , Knudby Anders , Ho Hung Chak 
Published: June 2016

Key Messages

Spatial patterns of heat vulnerability exist as a result of variations in the distribution of socio‐economic, environmental, and infrastructural factors.
105 socio‐economically deprived dissemination areas were found to be at higher risk for heat events; the effect of environmental and infrastructural factors may elevate this risk.
Results may inform both short‐term emergency management efforts and longer‐term urban planning interventions to reduce health effects of extreme heat events.
Therapeutic targeting of diabetic retinal neuropathy as a strategy in preventing diabetic retinopathy
Authors: de Moraes Gabriela , Layton Christopher J 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDiabetes causes a panretinal neurodegeneration herein termed diabetic retinal neuropathy, which manifests in the retina early and progresses throughout the disease. Clinical manifestations include changes in the ERG, perimetry, dark adaptation, contrast sensitivity and colour vision which correlate with laboratory findings of thinning of the retinal neuronal layers, increased apoptosis in neurons and activation of glial cells. Possible mechanisms include oxidative stress, neuronal AGE accumulation, altered balance of neurotrophic factors and loss of mitohormesis. Retinal neural damage precedes and is a biologically plausible cause of retinal vasculopathy later in diabetes, and this review suggests that strategies to target it directly could prevent diabetes induced blindness. The efficacy of fenofibrate in reducing retinopathy progression provides a possible proof of concept for this approach. Strategies which may target diabetic retinal neuropathy include reducing retinal metabolic demand, improving mitochondrial function with AMPK and Sirt1 activators or providing neurotrophic support with neurotrophic supplementation.
Reevaluating Reconstruction Filters for Path‐Searching Tasks in 3D
Authors: Roberts D. A. T. , Ivrissimtzis I. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we present an experiment on stereoscopic direct volume rendering, aiming at understanding the relationship between the choice of reconstruction filter and participant performance on tasks requiring spatial understanding such as 3D path‐searching. The focus of our study is on the impact on task performance of the post‐aliasing and smoothing produced by the reconstruction filters. We evaluated five reconstruction filters, each under two different transfer functions and two different displays with a wide range of behaviours in terms of post‐aliasing and smoothing. We found that path‐searching tasks commonly found in the literature, and as the one we employed here, elicit bias in the responses which should be taken into account when analysing the results. Our analysis, which employed both standard statistical tests and techniques from signal detection theory, indicates that the choice of reconstruction filter affects some aspects of the spatial understanding of the scene.
Individualized prediction of the effect of angiotensin receptor blockade on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: van der Sande N. G. C. , Dorresteijn J. A. N. , Visseren F. L. J. , Dwyer J. P. , Blankestijn P. J. , van der Graaf Y. , Heerspink H. L. J. 
Published: June 2016

AimsTo predict individualized treatment effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on cardiovascular and renal complications in order to help clinicians and patients assess the benefit of treatment (or adherence) and estimate remaining disease risk.Materials and methodsIn patients with diabetic nephropathy, the 3‐year treatment effect of ARBs was predicted in terms of absolute risk reduction (ARR) for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD; i.e. myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure) and all‐cause mortality. Competing‐risk‐adjusted proportional hazard models were developed based on the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial (IDNT) and externally validated in the Reduction of Endpoints NIDDM with Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) trial.ResultsPredictors included in the model were age, sex, smoking sex, systolic blood pressure, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate, albumin and phosphorus. The median predicted 3‐year risk without treatment was 6.0% for ESRD and 28.0% for CVD and mortality. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] predicted 3‐year ARR was 1.2 (0.4‐3.1)% for ESRD and 2.2 (1.8‐2.6)% for CVD and mortality, resulting in a combined ARR of 3.4 (2.4‐5.5)%. The remaining disease risk was 4.7 (IQR 1.7‐12.8)% for ESRD and 25.8% (IQR 20.3‐31.9)% for CVD and mortality.ConclusionsThe combined effects of ARBs on ESRD and CVD and mortality in patients with diabetic nephropathy vary considerably between patients. A substantial proportion of patients remain at high risk for both outcomes despite ARB treatment.