bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of breast MRI for patients with a biopsy showing atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)
Authors: Tsuchiya Keiko , Mori Naoko , Schacht David V. , Sheth Deepa , Karczmar Gregory S. , Newstead Gillian M. , Abe Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic value of dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for patients with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) in predicting malignant upgrade.Materials and Methods3T DCE‐MRI was performed for 17 patients with ADH (median age 52, range 42–76) proven by stereotactic biopsy (n = 15), and ultrasound‐guided biopsy (n = 2) from January 2011 to April 2015. All patients underwent surgical excision after the MRI. Two radiologists prospectively reviewed the MRI to determine the presence or absence of suspicious findings at the site of biopsy, and evaluated the MR features of any lesion present according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) lexicon. MRI findings and clinical information were correlated with the final surgical pathology by multivariate analysis.ResultsNine of 17 lesions were upgraded to malignancy. MRI demonstrated suspicious nonmass enhancement (NME) at the site of biopsy in all upgraded patients. The median size was 19.5 mm (range, 9–44 mm). In the eight patients without upgrade, no enhancement (n = 2), linear enhancement along the biopsy track (n = 4), thin rim enhancement around hematoma (n = 1), and a focal NME (n = 1) were seen. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MRI findings were 100, 87.5, 90, and 100%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of suspicious enhancement on MRI was the most significant predictor of upgrade to malignancy (P = 0.0006)ConclusionOur study revealed a high NPV of DCE‐MRI for patients with ADH in terms of malignant upgrade at subsequent surgery. This suggests that patients with ADH without suspicious enhancement on DCE‐MRI might be followed with DCE‐MRI rather than undergoing surgical excision.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1738–1747.
Two‐port network approach for a wireless power transfer link using a cascade of inductively coupled resonators
Authors: Monti G. , Tarricone L. , Mongiardo M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA wireless power transmission link consisting of a transmitting and a receiving resonator wirelessly connected by means of N relay resonators is investigated, and a 2‐port network approach is proposed. The presented approach exploits the properties of periodic networks to derive useful closed‐form formulas that can be used to match the wireless energy link with respect to generic reference impedances.
Flexible and powerful strategy for qualitative and quantitative analysis of valepotriates in Valeriana jatamansi Jones using high‐performance liquid chromatography with linear ion trap Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Chunguo , Zheng Zhiquan , Deng Xinqi , Ma Xiaojie , Wang Shengnan , Liu Jie , Liu Yong , Shi Jinli 
Published: March 2017

Valeriana jatamansi Jones is an important medicinal plant and its quality is closely related to its region of origin. In the current study, we utilized a flexible and powerful strategy for comprehensive evaluation of the quality diversity for 15 regions in China. The method was based on a hybrid linear ion trap‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry platform. For structure characterization, fragmentation patterns were detected by analyzing a series of standard compounds using data dependent multistage mass spectrometry acquisition. A fragment ion database for valepotriates was established, and the acquired data were high throughput filtered by fragment ion search for compound identification. For quantitative purposes, we normalized the mass spectrometry data of 15 samples using SIEVE 2.0 and the differences in composition were analyzed using principal component analysis combined with hierarchical clustering analysis. The results identified a total of 92 compounds from Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Samples from Dali, Kunming, and Baoshan have better qualities and concentrations of the main active constituents. To verify our strategy, we compared the valtrate, acevaltrate, and baldrinal contents using high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. We developed and validated a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analytical method to achieve quality control of Valeriana jatamansi Jones.
The role of antibiotics in pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Brook Itzhak 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesPresenting the role of antibiotics in pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis based on its pathophysiology and microbiology.Data sourceReview of the literature searching PubMed for microbiology and treatment of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis.ResultsChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory condition of the paranasal sinuses that persists for 12 weeks or longer, despite medical management. The microbiology of rhinosinusitis evolves through several stages. The early phase (acute) is generally caused by a virus that may be followed by an aerobic bacterial infection in 2% to 10% of patients. Aerobic (Staphylococcus aureus) and anaerobic (Prevotella and Fusobacteria) members of the oral flora emerge as predominant sinus cavity isolates. Antimicrobials are one component of comprehensive medical and surgical management for this disorder. Because most of these infections are polymicrobial and many include beta‐lactamase producing aerobic and anaerobic organisms, amoxicillin‐clavulanate is the first‐line regimen for most patients. Clindamycin is adequate for penicillin‐allergic children and is also generally appropriate for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus treatment is administered for at least three weeks and may be extended for up to 10 weeks in refractory cases. A culture preferably from the sinus cavity should be obtained from individuals who have not shown improvement or deteriorated despite therapy.ConclusionsAntimicrobial therapy of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis should be adequate against the potential aerobic and anaerobic pathogens.Level of Evidence7.
A study of otolaryngology resident quality of life and sleepiness
Authors: Garcia‐Rodriguez Laura R. , Sanchez Dominique L. , Ko Alvin B. , Williams Amy M. , Peterson Ed , Yaremchuk Kathleen L. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine otolaryngology residents' quality of life and sleepiness.MethodsAn electronic survey was distributed to otolaryngology residents in the United States in October 2014 and May 2015. The survey included questions from the Physician Well‐Being Index (PWBI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Data were analyzed using standard descriptive and frequency analyses, Spearman correlations, and Student's t‐test.ResultsThe 196 respondents (13% response rate) had a mean age of 29.9 years and worked an average of 70.88 hours/week. Higher PWBI score (lower quality of life) correlated with higher ESS (more sleepiness) for all respondents regardless of rotation (Spearman coefficient of .45; p = .001). PWBI scores were higher for head/neck oncology. Both PWBI and ESS scores were highest for postgraduate year two. PWBI showed a significant positive correlation with hours worked (correlation coefficient .35; p = .001) as well as a significant negative correlation with exercise time (correlation coefficient ‐.18; p = .010). There was a positive correlation between hours worked and ESS (correlation coefficient .48; p = .001).ConclusionFor the otolaryngology survey respondents, sleepiness and overall well‐being were better during the first year with a dramatic worsening during junior years followed by an improvement in the senior years. More work hours and poor quality of life was associated with less physically active residents. Focused interventions during these rotations may reduce distress, improve quality of life, and enhance learning.Level of EvidenceNA
Avoidance of postoperative irradiation for cervical lymph node metastases of human papillomavirus‐related tonsillar cancer
Authors: Ebisumoto Koji , Okami Kenji , Maki Daisuke , Saito Kosuke , Shimizu Fukuko , Teramura Takanobu , Kaneda Shoji , Iida Masahiro 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundSeveral reports have suggested that selected patients with human papillomavirus‐related oropharyngeal cancer can be managed with surgery alone. We retrospectively reviewed tonsillar cancer cases to analyze treatment de‐intensification after transoral resection.MethodsEighteen patients with tonsillar cancer who had undergone transoral resection were included. The patients' characteristics, p16 status, adverse features, clinical course, overall survival, and relapse‐free survival according to p16 status were retrospectively examined.ResultsFour lesions showed positive surgical margins and one lesion showed close surgical margin; these patients were treated with postoperative irradiation. Seven p16‐positive patients had multiple node metastases and two had extracapsular spread. No p16‐positive patients agreed to postoperative irradiation, and recurrence within the surgical field was not observed. The five‐year overall and relapse‐free survival rates were 89% and 74%, respectively. The five‐year relapse‐free survival rates of p16‐positive and p16‐negative patients were 81% and 50%, respectively (p = .075).ConclusionsPostoperative irradiation for cervical lymph node metastases might be avoidable in selected patients with human papillomavirus‐related tonsillar cancer.Level of Evidence4.
Dark plasmonic modes in diatomic gratings for plasmoelectronics
Authors: Lan Shoufeng , Rodrigues Sean P. , Taghinejad Mohammad , Cai Wenshan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOwing to the unique ability of nanostructured metals to confine and enhance light waves along metal‐dielectric interfaces, plasmonics has enabled unprecedented flexibility in manipulating light at the deep‐subwavelength scale. With regard to the spectral behavior of plasmonic resonances, the spectral location of a resonance can be tailored with relative ease while the control over the spectral linewidth represents a more daunting task. In this paper, we present sharp resonance features by introducing dark plasmonic modes in diatomic gratings. The induced asymmetry in the metallic structure facilitates the generation of a dark mode with significantly suppressed radiative loss leading to an ultra‐sharp spectral feature ∼5 nm wide. We further use this metallic structure as an optoelectronic platform for the transduction of light waves to electrical signals via a plasmoelectric effect. The light concentrating ability of dark plasmonic modes, in conjunction with the ultra‐sharp resonance feature at a relatively low loss offers a novel route to enhanced light‐matter interactions with high spectral sensitivity for diverse applications.
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Ferrofluid lubrication of finite journal bearings using Jenkins model
Authors: Laghrabli Salem , El Khlifi Mohamed , Nabhani Mohamed , Bou‐Saïd Benyebka 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe present study investigates hydrodynamic lubrication by ferrofluids of finite journal bearings using the Jenkins model. A magnetic field created by displaced finite wire is used. A numerical solution for the modified Reynolds equation using the finite difference method is obtained. Static characteristics of finite journal bearings are analyzed using 2 control parameters: magnetic force coefficient and Jenkins viscosity. The obtained results are compared to those from Neurenger‐Rosensweig model. It is shown that pressure, load capacity, attitude angle, and side leakage increase and friction factor decreases when increasing the value of each control parameter at low and medium eccentricity ratios. However, the Jenkins viscosity parameter decreases the load capacity and increases the friction factor at high eccentricity ratios.
Facile Preparation of Photocurable Siloxane Composite for 3D Printing
Authors: Palaganas Jerome , de Leon Al Christopher , Mangadlao Joey , Palaganas Napolabel , Mael Andrea , Lee Yan Jie , Lai Hor Yian , Advincula Rigoberto 
Published: March 2017

This study presents the development and successful 3D printing of siloxane composite. Complex structures are 3D printed using vector‐scanning stereolithography apparatus. Siloxane oligomer and a commercial resin in the presence of an appropriate photoinitiator combine to form a hybrid material that photopolymerizes when exposed to UV laser at 405 nm wavelength. Measurements with differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, universal testing machine (UTM), and material testing system (MTS) reveal various properties of methacrylate resin filled with different concentrations of siloxane. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy results reveal molecular structural change due to chemical reaction with the siloxane introduction. Atomic force microscopy imaging displays the surface morphology characteristics of the hybrid polymer while the contact angle confirms the surface energy existing on the samples. The 3D‐printed structures show unique physicochemical and thermomechanical properties that can lead to great potential for new applications in the field. This work is the first comprehensive study on 3D printing using siloxane through stereolithography.
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Quantitative susceptibility mapping‐based cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen mapping with minimum local variance
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Cho Junghun , Zhou Dong , Nguyen Thanh D. , Spincemaille Pascal , Gupta Ajay , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of a cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) mapping method based on its minimum local variance (MLV) without vascular challenge using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and cerebral blood flow (CBF).MethodsThree‐dimensional multi‐echo gradient echo imaging and arterial spin labeling were performed in 11 healthy subjects to calculate QSM and CBF. Minimum local variance was used to compute whole‐brain CMRO2 map from QSM and CBF. The MLV method was compared with a reference method using the caffeine challenge. Their agreement within the cortical gray matter (CGM) was assessed on CMRO2 and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) maps at both baseline and challenge states.ResultsMean CMRO2 (in µmol/100 g/min) obtained in CGM using the caffeine challenge and MLV were 142 ± 16.5 and 139 ± 14.8 µmol/100 g/min, respectively; the corresponding baseline OEF were 33.0 ± 4.0% and 31.8 ± 3.2%, respectively. The MLV and caffeine challenge methods showed no statistically significant differences across subjects with small ( < 4%) biases in CMRO2 and OEF values.ConclusionsMinimum local variance–based CMRO2 mapping without vascular challenge using QSM and arterial spin labeling is feasible in healthy subjects. Magn Reson Med 79:172–179, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Overload management with regard to fairness in session initiation protocol networks by holonic multiagent systems
Authors: Khazaei Mehdi , Mozayani Nasser 
Published: March 2017

SummarySession initiation protocol (SIP) is a widely used standard protocol for multimedia applications and IP multimedia subsystems. Internet protocol multimedia subsystem was introduced by the 3GGP signaling foundation as part of a set of next generation network architectures. Despite having useful practical features, SIP does not have suitable mechanisms to handle overload. This challenge creates a sharp drop in quality of service for next generation network users. Because a distributed SIP network is a complex system composed of subsystems interacting with one another, multiagent system is an appropriate method to model network interactions and to solve overload in SIP networks. In this paper, holonic organization is applied to reduce the multiagent system complexity in modeling a large SIP network. Holonic organization is a hierarchical structure in which each holon covers a geographical area of the SIP network at the first level. At the second level, upper‐level holons control the first‐level holons, and so on. Overload control is achieved by communication and the exchange of knowledge between the intelligent holons. Experimental results show that the proposed method prevents overload in the SIP network. The method also increases total throughput, reduces delay, and considers fairness in the SIP network.
Pharmacokinetics of two 6‐mercaptopurine liquid formulations in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Tolbert Jaszianne A. , Bai Shasha , Abdel‐Rahman Susan M. , August Keith J. , Weir Scott J. , Kearns Gregory L. , Neville Kathleen A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundA liquid formulation of 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (Purixan®) based on bioavailability (BA) data from healthy adults. We examined the pharmacokinetics (PK) and BA of 6‐MP in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comparing a marketed tablet, two extemporaneously prepared liquid formulations, and data from the approved liquid formulation.MethodsTwenty‐two children (6–17 years) participated in a randomized two‐way, crossover study of two cohorts. Group 1 (n = 11; five males) received a 5 mg/ml liquid formulation and the marketed 50 mg 6‐MP tablet on separate occasions, and Group 2 (n = 11; five males) received a 50 mg/ml liquid formulation and the marketed tablet. The usual prescribed 6‐MP dose (25–115 mg/m2) was given after an 8‐hr fast. Serial blood samples were collected over 8 hr postdose. Plasma 6‐MP concentrations were determined using a good laboratory practice (GLP)‐validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. PK parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis and compared within and between cohorts, and thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) genotype was analyzed.ResultsNo patient had a TPMT genotype reflective of a poor metabolizer phenotype. Comparison of PK parameters between 5 and 50 mg/ml treatments revealed significant differences (P <0.05) in AUCN (where AUC is area under the curve), CmaxN, and Tmax. Comparisons within each group revealed significant differences in AUC0‐∞ and Tmax in the 5 mg/ml group.ConclusionsPharmacokinetic profiles of 6‐MP established in healthy adults with the approved liquid formulation may not reflect the PK profile in children with ALL. Formulation‐specific differences in PK may significantly impact the dose–exposure profile in these children and must be considered.
Inside Incidental Word Learning: Children's Strategic Use of Morphological Information to Infer Word Meanings
Authors: McCutchen Deborah , Logan Becky 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study examined whether morphological analysis may be a mechanism underlying the relationship of morphological awareness to vocabulary and comprehension. Eighty‐eight fifth‐ and 74 eighth‐grade students completed a task designed to assess whether students use morphological analysis to infer meanings of low‐frequency, presumably unfamiliar, words. Students chose a definition from among three alternatives for low‐frequency, morphologically accessible words or approximate synonyms that were less morphologically accessible, both within the same sentence context. In addition, they chose definitions for 18 nonsense words that were also designed to afford differential access via morphological analysis. Students were more accurate with morphologically accessible items (words and nonwords) than less accessible items, suggesting that students can use morphological analysis to infer word meanings. Regression analyses indicated that skill in morphological analysis accounted for unique variance in vocabulary and comprehension for both age groups. These results have implications for theoretical accounts of how morphological awareness may support students’ vocabulary growth and comprehension.
Challenging Representations: Constructing the Adult Literacy Learner Over 30 Years of Policy and Practice in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hamilton Mary , Pitt Kathy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article addresses the question, How do changes in policy discourses shape public representations of literacy learners and the goals of adult literacy education? It examines specifically how the agency of adult literacy learners is constructed. We carry out a critical discourse analysis of two key adult literacy policy documents from the U.K.: the manifesto A Right to Read (British Association of Settlements, ) and Skills for Life: The National Strategy for Improving Adult Literacy and Numeracy Skills (Department for Education and Skills, ). We describe the overall structure and genre of the documents and analyze the semiotic resources in the texts to explore the discursive shaping of adult literacy learners. Our analysis shows that, while a functional discourse of individual deficit is prominent throughout the texts, each document expresses it differently. A discourse of rights and participation in the earlier text changes to a discourse of social inclusion, conditional on duty and responsibility and narrowed to the sphere of paid employment. The profiles of individual learners are heavily framed by the dominant discourses of literacy and education that constitute the texts. We argue that the discursive shifts we trace in these national documents relate to wider changes in notions of social disadvantage, rights and citizenship, and the emergence of literacy as a key indicator of progress. Our analysis demonstrates the powerful ways in which policy documents articulate relationships between national and transnational literacies.
Toward a Theoretical Model of Text Complexity for the Early Grades: Learning From the Past, Anticipating the Future
Authors: Mesmer Heidi Anne , Cunningham James W. , Hiebert Elfrieda H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this conceptual essay, we offer rationales and evidence for critical components of a working model of text complexity for the early grades. In the first three sections of the article, we examine word‐level, syntax‐level, and discourse‐level features of text, posing questions for future research. In the fourth section, we address elements of text treatments—the collection of texts with which beginning readers will interact longitudinally over the course of their early literacy development. This conceptual essay produces a unified treatment of the complexities of early grade text through the introduction of a theoretical framework, assimilating the extant research into a theory of early grade text and delineating a theoretical and empirical strategy for transforming the framework into a mature model.
Biliteracy Among Children and Youths
Authors: Reyes Iliana 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe dual purposes of this review are, first, to synthesize the extant research on biliteracy, focusing particularly on children and youths and, second, to clarify key terms and phenomena in this developing field. The review is organized into three areas of research: (1) individual biliteracy development, (2) biliteracy in family and community contexts, and (3) biliteracy in the classroom context. Contributions from these various areas offer multiple possibilities for describing children's −development and maintenance of biliteracy while taking into consideration the interdisciplinary and multifaceted nature of research in this area.