bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rearing conditions (isolated versus group rearing) affect rotenone-induced changes in the behavior of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos in the coiling assay
Authors: von Hellfeld Rebecca , Gade Christoph , Leist Marcel , Braunbeck Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnder regulations such as REACH, testing of novel and established compounds for their (neuro)toxic potential is a legal requirement in many countries. These are largely based on animal-, cost-, and time-intensive in vivo models, not in line with the 3 Rs’ principle of animal experimentation. Thus, the development of alternative test methods has also received increasing attention in neurotoxicology. Such methods focus either on physiological alterations in brain development and neuronal pathways or on behavioral changes. An example of a behavioral developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) assay is the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo coiling assay, which quantifies effects of compounds on the development of spontaneous movement of zebrafish embryos. While the importance of embryo-to-embryo contact prior to hatching in response to environmental contaminants or natural threats has been documented for many other clutch-laying fish species, little is known about the relevance of intra-clutch contacts for zebrafish. Here, the model neurotoxin rotenone was used to assess the effect of grouped versus separate rearing of the embryos on the expression of the coiling behavior. Some group-reared embryos reacted with hyperactivity to the exposure, to an extent that could not be recorded effectively with the utilized software. Separately reared embryos showed reduced activity, compared with group-reared individuals when assessing. However, even the control group embryos of the separately reared cohort showed reduced activity, compared with group-reared controls. Rotenone could thus be confirmed to induce neurotoxic effects in zebrafish embryos, yet modifying one parameter in an otherwise well-established neurotoxicity assay such as the coiling assay may lead to changes in behavior influenced by the proximity between individual embryos. This indicates a complex dependence of the outcome of behavior assays on a multitude of environmental parameters.
Nucleotide metabolism in common bean pods during seed filling phase reveals the essential role of seed coats
Authors: Díaz-Baena Mercedes , Delgado-García Elena , deRave-Prieto Inés G. , Gálvez-Valdivieso Gregorio , Piedras Pedro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCommon bean is a legume with high demand for human consumption and with high protein content on its seeds. The seed filling stage is a crucial step to obtain high-quality seeds with a good level of nutrients. For this, it is necessary for a correct communication between the different seed compartments. Nucleotides are essential components with nitrogen and phosphorous on its molecules, and its metabolism in seed development has not been studied in detail. In this manuscript, we have studied nucleotide metabolism in common bean pods during seed filling stage at pod valves, seed coats, and embryos. Nuclease and ribonuclease activities were assayed as nucleotide-generating enzymes, and nucleotidase, nucleosidase, and allantoinase as nucleotide-degrading activities. Nuclease was predominant in seed coats whereas ribonuclease was equally determined in seed coats and valves, although with differences in the three ribonucleases determined (16, 17, and 19 kDa). Nucleotidase and nucleosidase activities were detected in the three pods parts, and differently to nucleic degrading activities with significant activity in embryos. The relative expression of gene families coding for all these activities (S1 nuclease, S-like T2 ribonuclease, nucleotidase, nucleosidase and allantoinase) in the three pods parts was also studied. We have found the highest level of expression for some members of each family in seed coats. The allantoinase data suggest that nucleotide might be fully degraded in valves and seed coats but not in embryos. Overall, the data presented allow to conclude that there is an intense nucleotide metabolism in fruits during the seed filling stage with an especial involvement of seed coats in the process.
Post-lung transplant outcomes of connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung diseases compared with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: a single-center experience in Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Miho , Yamaya Takafumi , Kawashima Mitsuaki , Konoeda Chihiro , Kage Hidenori , Sato Masaaki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of lung transplantation for connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) conducted at our institution, compared with those for idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients with CTD-ILD and IIPs who underwent lung transplantation at our hospital from July 2015 to October 2023. We compared patients’ backgrounds, early complications within 28 days post-transplant (CTCAE grade 3 or higher), postoperative courses, and prognoses between the two groups.

Results
The CTD-ILD group (n = 19) and the IIPs group (n = 56) were compared. The CTD-ILD group had significantly higher preoperative use of corticosteroids and antifibrotic agents, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, anti-human leukocyte antigen antibody positivity, and donor age (p < 0.05). In addition, the CTD-ILD group had significantly longer operation times (579.0 vs 442.5 min), longer stays in the intensive care unit (17.0 vs 9.0 days) and hospital (58.0 vs 44.0 days); required more tracheostomies (57.9 vs 25.0%); and experienced more respiratory (52.6 vs 25.0%) and gastrointestinal (42.1 vs 8.9%) complications (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in overall survival, nor chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD)-free survival between the two groups.

Conclusion
Perioperative complications, notably respiratory and gastrointestinal complications, were prevalent after lung transplantation among CTD-ILD patients. Despite this, long-term survival rates were comparable to those observed in IIP cases.
Minimal *-varieties and superinvolutions
Authors: Di Vincenzo Onofrio M. , Nardozza Vincenzo C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We introduce a class of finite-dimensional superalgebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, whose Grassmann envelopes generate all *-minimal varieties. Moreover, we prove that any affine minimal variety of superalgebras with superinvolution is generated by a suitable element in this selected class.
Development of a microfluidic SNP assay for lineage discrimination in the endangered hazel dormouse
Authors: Beez Tobias , Leyhausen Johanna , Mueller Sarah , von Thaden Alina , Bertolino Sandro , Büchner Sven , Fietz Joanna , Lang Johannes , Michaux Johan , Verbeylen Goedele , Nowak Carsten , Cocchiararo Berardino 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe application of Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) approaches is often restricted in wildlife monitoring and conservation genetics, as those fields often rely on noninvasively collected samples with low DNA content. Here we selected a subset of informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genome-wide data for lineage discrimination of a locally endangered Eurasian rodent, the hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius), and designed a microfluidic 96 SNP genotyping assay suitable for noninvasively collected samples. Analyses of 43 samples from different European countries confirmed successful discrimination of the Eastern and Western lineage and local substructure within those lineages, proving the suitability of the developed panel for identifying evolutionary significant units and conservation units. Application with 94 hair and scat samples collected in a recent monitoring study on the hazel dormouse in Southern Germany resulted in > 99.5% amplification success showing the applicability of the new tool in genetic wildlife monitoring and conservation studies.
Hemodynamic effect of supra-annular implantation of SAPIEN 3 balloon expandable valve
Authors: Yasuda Masakazu , Mizutani Kazuki , Onishi Kyohei , Onishi Naoko , Fujita Kosuke , Ueno Masafumi , Okamura Atsushi , Iwanaga Yoshitaka , Sakaguchi Genichi , Nakazawa Gaku 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe hemodynamic impact of the implantation depth for balloon-expandable valves is under-investigated, especially with higher implantation techniques. We assessed the hemodynamic performance of supra-annular SAPIEN 3 valve implantation. This retrospective study involved consecutive patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using the SAPIEN 3. The device implantation depth and transcatheter heart valve (THV) leaflet-nadir position were angiographically analyzed, and supra-annular implantation was defined as a higher leaflet-nadir position than the original annular line. The Doppler hemodynamic status was evaluated at patient discharge. Among 184 patients, 120 (65%) underwent supra-annular implantation, and their mean implantation depth was significantly lower than that of intra-annular implantation (1.1 vs. 5.2 mm, p < 0.001). No patients developed valve embolization or coronary occlusion, and none required the TAV-in-TAV procedure. Two (1.6%) patients in the supra-annular implantation group had a mild or greater paravalvular leak. Echocardiography demonstrated that supra-annular implantation had better hemodynamic performance, showing a larger indexed effective orifice area (iEOA) compared with intra-annular implantation (1.09 vs. 0.97 cm2/m2, p < 0.01). There was a weak but negative correlation between the implantation depth and iEOA (r =  − 0.27, p < 0.01). Moderate or severe prosthesis–patient mismatch (PPM) was found in 35.9% of the intra-annular group and 9.2% of supra-annular of the supra-annular group (p < 0.01). In the multivariable analysis, supra-annular implantation was an independent predictor of better THV function (iEOA > 0.85). Supra-annular SAPIEN 3 implantation provides beneficial hemodynamic effects and reduces the PPM risk.
Graphical abstract
DEM modelling of surface indentations caused by granular materials: application to wheel–rail sanding
Authors: Suhr Bettina , Skipper William A. , Lewis Roger , Six Klaus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe presented surface indentation model is one step towards building a DEM model for wheel–rail sanding. In railways, so-called low-adhesion conditions can cause problems in traction and braking, and sanding is used to overcome this problem. Sand grains are blasted towards wheel–rail contact, fracture repeatedly as they enter the nip and are drawn into the contact and then increase adhesion. Research on this topic has mostly been experimental, but focussed on adhesion enhancement measurement. Thus, physical mechanisms increasing the adhesion are not well understood. Previous works involved experiments and DEM modelling of single sand grain crushing tests under realistic wheel–rail contact pressures of 900 MPa, focusing on sand fragment spread and formation of clusters of solidified fragments. In the experiments, indents in the compressing steel plates were also observed, which are also observed on wheel and rail surfaces in railway operation. These are now modelled by adapting an existing surface indentation model from literature to the case of surface indentations caused by granular materials. Two test cases are studied, and experimental spherical indentation tests for model parametrisation are presented. In a proof of concept, the mentioned single sand grain crushing tests under 900 MPa pressure are simulated including the surface indentation model. This work contributes to DEM modelling of wheel–rail sanding, which is believed to be a good approach to deepen the understanding of adhesion increasing mechanisms under sanded conditions.
Identifying loci in mobility networks with applications in New Zealand work commutes: a statistical test for identifying extreme stationary distribution values in Markov transition matrices
Authors: Kane Michael J. , Gilani Owais , Khusainova Elena , Urbanek Simon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHuman mobility describes physical patterns of movement of people within a spatial system. Many of these patterns, including daily commuting, are cyclic and quantifiable. These patterns capture physical phenomena tied to processes studied in urban planning, epidemiology, and other social, behavioral, and economic sciences. This paper advances human mobility research by proposing a statistical method for identifying locations that individual move to and through at a rate proportionally higher than other locations, using commuting data for the country of New Zealand as a case study. We term these locations mobility loci and they capture a global property of communities in which people commute. The method makes use of a directed-graph representation where vertices correspond to locations, and traffic between locations correspond to edge weights. Following a normalization, the graph can be regarded as a Markov chain whose stationary distribution can be calculated. The proposed permutation procedure is then applied to determine which stationary distribution values are larger than what would be expected, given the structure of the directed graph and traffic between locations. The results of this method are evaluated, including a comparison to what is already known about commuting patterns in the area as well as a comparison with similar features.
The Demand and Supply for Theatre: A Long-Run Analysis over the Italian Regions
Authors: Castiglione Concetta , Infante Davide 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn Italy cultural policies are often set at national level without taking into account the dualism between the Northern and the Southern regions that exists in different social and economic sectors. Our aim is to fill this lacuna and to examine the Italian theatre market from both the demand and supply side considering the four Italian macro-areas. To this end, we apply both the seemingly unrelated regression and the three stage least square estimation techniques, to identify the factors influencing theatre demand and supply. The empirical analysis is conducted using a 35-year panel data (1980–2014) at country level (20 Italian regions) and separately for the four main areas (each of them including the related regions): North West, North East, Centre, and South and Islands. At the country level, the estimated results confirm as determinants of theatre demand, price and consumer income as well as complementary good (cinema), urban agglomeration and tourism flows. Theatre supply is influenced by past ticket price, income, past attendance, urban agglomeration and public subsidies. At regional level the results provide empirical support for the existence of a strong heterogeneity from both the demand and supply sides. We find that some of the variables that influence attendance and performances at national level play a different role at the local level hence cultural policies should take into account this heterogeneity.
Wer repräsentiert ‚das‘ Judentum im christlichen Religionsunterricht? Überlegungen zur didaktischen Reduktion und Gestaltung von Unterrichtsmaterialien
Authors: Willems Joachim , Dihle Ariane 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Darstellung des Judentums im christlichen (evangelischen, katholischen, konfessionell-kooperativen) Religionsunterricht. Ausgangspunkt ist die Frage, wer eine in sich heterogene Religion repräsentiert. Diese Frage muss aus Gründen der didaktischen Reduktion gestellt werden. Entsprechende didaktische Entscheidungen werden getroffen vor dem Hintergrund der einschlägigen fachdidaktischen Diskurse (hier vor allem des interreligiösen Lernens) und vielfältiger und wechselseitig aufeinander bezogener Konstruktionen von Selbst- und Fremdbildern; sie bewegen sich zudem immer in einem Feld unterschiedlicher Machtkonstellationen. Ausgehend von theoretischen Überlegungen und unter Rückgriff auf Schulbücher und weitere Unterrichtsmaterialien sowie Beispiele von innerjüdischen Debatten soll die Frage der Repräsentation grundlegend problematisiert werden. Abschließend werden Kriterien für eine didaktische Reduktion im Kontext der Frage nach der Repräsentation jüdischer Stimmen in einem christlichen Religionsunterricht entfaltet und diskutiert.
Deterministic Model for Asteroid Thermal Evolution With Fragmentation and Reassembly Into a Gravitational Aggregate
Authors: Ren J. , Hesse M. A. , Dygert N. , Lucas M. P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe present a model for the thermal evolution of asteroids that experience catastrophic fragmentation and reassembly into a gravitational aggregate. The three stage model comprises the initial radiogenic heating, fragmentation and cooling, and reassembly into a porous gravitational aggregate. The heat loss during catastrophic fragmentation is largely determined by the production of small particles that equilibrate thermally with ambient space. To determine this heat loss we combine a power‐law for the cumulative fragment mass distribution with analytic solutions for conductive cooling. To keep the model deterministic we fragment the parent body and reassemble the gravitational aggregate in shells ordered in decreasing volume. We use the resulting model to show that catastrophic fragmentation can lead to significant heat loss despite the short reassembly times (e.g., 1 year), due to the production of many small fragments. Despite the heat loss during fragmentation, the reassembled gravitational aggregate will retain more heat than the undisturbed parent body in the long term, due to the formation of an insulating megaregolith. Applied to the H‐chondrite parent body, our model can reproduce both the fast cooling rates at high temperatures and slow cooling rates at low temperature.
Variations in Rainfall Structure of Western North Pacific Landfalling Tropical Cyclones in the Warming Climates
Authors: Tran Thao Linh , Ritchie Elizabeth A. , Perkins‐Kirkpatrick Sarah E. , Bui Hai , Luong Thang M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObservations and climate projections suggest a larger increase in tropical cyclone (TC)‐induced rainfall than that can be explained by the Clausius‐Clapeyron relationship of 7% increase in vapor content for each 1°C degree rise in temperature. However, these studies using diverse data sources and methods over various periods show inconsistencies regarding the location of this increase ‐ whether in the TC inner core or outer regions ‐ and offer differing explanations for the reported trends. This study uses the Pseudo‐global warming methodology on simulations of 117 western North Pacific TCs making landfall in Southeast Asia to investigate changes in TC rainfall structure by the end of the century under the SSP2‐4.5 and SSP3‐7.0 scenarios. Specifically, it tests the sensitivity of changing trends to various analysis methods used in previous studies and identifies the underlying physical mechanisms driving these changes. The findings indicate an amplified increase in rainfall in the TC inner core across all future scenarios, along with potentially decreased rainfall in the outer region under certain future climate conditions. Among TC categories, Supertyphoons exhibit the most significant increased rainfall across future states. Changes in TC primary and secondary circulations, TC structure, and the convergence of heat and moisture are the main factors shaping future rainfall patterns, outweighing the effects of changes in atmospheric and convective stability.
Deciphering the Prevalence of Warm‐Wet Extremes in Ice‐Covered Zones
Authors: Chen Xinlu , Xu Lianlian , Yang Ran , Cai Ming , Deng Yi , Chen Deliang , Yang Song , Liu Jiping , Yang Qinghua , Hu Xiaoming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCompound warm extremes exert profound impacts on environment, health, and socioeconomics. Yang et al. (2024) indicated a shift or transition from warm‐dry extremes (WDEs), common in non‐ice‐covered areas, to warm‐wet extremes (WWEs) in ice‐covered zones. Utilizing ERA5 reanalysis data, this study determined the duration and frequency of WDEs and WWEs across ice‐covered and non‐ice‐covered regions. A comprehensive analysis uncovers the physical mechanisms responsible for the paradigm differences and attributes them to the weakening of land‐atmosphere interaction caused by ice‐cover, which inhibits soil moisture feedback and reduces the intensity and duration of warm events in ice‐covered areas. Both WDEs and WWEs are associated with high‐pressure systems (HPs). WDEs, situated directly beneath HPs, intensify due to adiabatic warming from subsidence motions. Conversely, WWEs, located beneath the poleward fringes of HPs, emerge from advective warming and moistening associated with poleward intrusions of warm‐moist air.
Deoxygenation and Its Drivers Analyzed in Steady State for Perpetually Slower and Warmer Oceans
Authors: Pasquier Benoît , Holzer Mark , Chamberlain Matthew A. , Matear Richard J. , Bindoff Nathaniel L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOcean deoxygenation is an important consequence of climate change that poses an imminent threat to marine life and global food security. However, our understanding of the complex interactions between changes in circulation, solubility, and respiration that drive global‐scale deoxygenation is incomplete. Here, we consider idealized biogeochemical steady states in equilibrium with perpetually slower and warmer oceans constructed from climate‐model simulations of the 2090s that we hold constant in time. In contrast to simulations of the end‐of‐century transient state, our idealized states are intensely deoxygenated in the abyss, consistent with perpetually reduced ventilation and throttled Antarctic Bottom Water formation. We disentangle the effects of the deoxygenation drivers on preformed oxygen and true oxygen utilization (TOU) using the novel concept of upstream exposure time, which precisely connects TOU to oxygen utilization rates and preformed oxygen to ventilation. For our idealized steady states, deoxygenation below 2,000 m depth is due to increased TOU, driven dominantly by slower circulations that allow respiration to act roughly 2–3 times longer thereby overwhelming the effects of reduced respiration rates. Above 500 m depth, decreased respiration and slower circulation closely compensate, resulting in little expansion of upper‐ocean hypoxia. The bulk of preformed oxygen loss is driven by ventilation shifting equatorward to where warmer surface waters hold less oxygen. Warming‐driven declines in solubility account for less than 10% of the total oxygen loss. Although idealized, our analysis suggests that long‐term changes in the marine oxygen cycle could be driven dominantly by changes in circulation rather than by thermodynamics or biology.