bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β‐carotene treatment alters the cellular death process in oxidative stress‐induced K562 cells
Authors: Akçakaya Handan , Tok Sabiha , Dal Fulya , Cinar Suzan Adin , Nurten Rustem 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOxidizing agents (e.g., H2O2) cause structural and functional disruptions of molecules by affecting lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. As a result, cellular mechanisms related to disrupted macro molecules are affected and cell death is induced. Oxidative damage can be prevented at a certain point by antioxidants or the damage can be reversed. In this work, we studied the cellular response against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and antioxidant–oxidant (β‐carotene–H2O2) interactions in terms of time, concentration, and treatment method (pre‐, co‐, and post) in K562 cells. We showed that co‐ or post‐treatment with β‐carotene did not protect cells from the damage of oxidative stress furthermore co‐ and post‐β‐carotene‐treated oxidative stress induced cells showed similar results with only H2O2 treated cells. However, β‐carotene pre‐treatment prevented oxidative damage induced by H2O2 at concentrations lower than 1,000 μM compared with only H2O2‐treated and co‐ and post‐β‐carotene‐treated oxidative stress‐induced cells in terms of studied cellular parameters (mitochondrial membrane potential [Δψm], cell cycle and apoptosis). Prevention effect of β‐carotene pre‐treatment was lost at concentrations higher than 1,000 μM H2O2 (2–10 mM). These findings suggest that β‐carotene pre‐treatment alters the effects of oxidative damage induced by H2O2 and cell death processes in K562 cells.
Supported Gold Nanoparticles as Reusable Catalysts for Oxidation Reactions of Industrial Significance
Authors: Dias Ribeiro de Sousa Martins Luísa Margarida , Carabineiro Sónia Alexandra Correia , Wang Jiawei , Rocha Bruno Gonçalo Martins , Maldonado‐Hódar Francisco José , Latourrette de Oliveira Pombeiro Armando José 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe efficient single‐pot oxidative functionalisation of alkanes and alcohols under mild conditions was catalysed by Au nanoparticles supported on Al2O3, Fe2O3, ZnO and TiO2. The obtained materials were tested for cyclohexane oxidation under mild conditions (60 °C, atmospheric pressure) using an environmentally friendly oxidant (H2O2). The materials were also tested in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol and methylbenzyl alcohol in the presence of tert‐butylhydroperoxide as the oxidant under microwave irradiation. With regard to cyclohexane oxidation, all materials were highly selective towards the formation of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. No traces of byproducts were detected under the optimised conditions. Au on Fe2O3 led to the best results (13.5 % yield). This system showed an interesting almost exclusive formation of cyclohexanol at 4 h reaction time. Catalyst recycling was tested in up to five cycles, and the catalyst maintained almost the original level of activity after three cycles with no significant leaching. With regard to oxidation of benzyl alcohol and methylbenzyl alcohol, all materials were highly selective towards the formation of benzaldehyde or acetophenone, respectively. No traces of byproducts were detected. Addition of Au increased alcohol conversion from 5 (TiO2) to 91 % (Au/TiO2). The recycling of Au/TiO2 was tested in up to 10 cycles, and the catalytic activity remained high in the first four cycles.
Iridium−Rhodium Nanoparticles for Ammonia Oxidation: Electrochemical and Fuel Cell Studies
Authors: Silva Júlio César M. , Assumpção Mônica H. M. T. , Hammer Peter , Neto Almir O. , Spinacé Estevam V. , Baranova Elena A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study reports the use of carbon‐supported IrRh/C electrocatalysts with different iridium‐to‐rhodium atomic ratios (0 : 100, 50 : 50, 70 : 30, 90 : 10, and 100 : 0) for ammonia electro‐oxidation (AmER) in alkaline media. The materials prepared by using the sodium borohydride method showed a mean diameter of 4.5, 4.8, 4.2, and 4.5 nm for Ir/C, Ir90Rh10/C, Ir70Rh30/C, and Ir50Rh50/C, respectively. According to electrochemical and fuel cell experiments, the Ir50Rh50/C catalyst was the most promising towards AmER. This catalyst, which consisted predominantly of the metallic Ir/Rh phases, showed a 500 % higher current density and 55 % higher maximum power than that obtained for Ir/C. After 8 h galvanostatic electrolysis, 93 % of initial ammonia was degraded when using Ir50Rh50/C, whereas it was only 70 % with Ir/C. The high activity of the Ir50Rh50/C is attributed to a synergic effect of two metals at this iridium‐to‐rhodium ratio, which enhances the kinetics of AmER contributing towards ammonia dehydrogenation at lower potentials.
Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets from Eco‐Friendly Eucalyptus Leaves as High Performance Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors and Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Mondal Anjon Kumar , Kretschmer Katja , Zhao Yufei , Liu Hao , Wang Chengyin , Sun Bing , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNitrogen‐doped porous carbon nanosheets were prepared from eucalyptus tree leaves by simply mixing the leaf powders with KHCO3 and subsequent carbonisation. Porous carbon nanosheets with a high specific surface area of 2133 m2 g−1 were obtained and applied as electrode materials for supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries. For supercapacitor applications, the porous carbon nanosheet electrode exhibited a supercapacitance of 372 F g−1 at a current density of 500 mA g−1 in 1 m H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte and excellent cycling stability over 15 000 cycles. In organic electrolyte, the nanosheet electrode showed a specific capacitance of 71 F g−1 at a current density of 2 Ag−1 and stable cycling performance. When applied as the anode material for lithium ion batteries, the as‐prepared porous carbon nanosheets also demonstrated a high specific capacity of 819 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1, good rate capability, and stable cycling performance. The outstanding electrochemical performances for both supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries are derived from the large specific surface area, porous nanosheet structure and nitrogen doping effects. The strategy developed in this paper provides a novel route to utilise biomass‐derived materials for low‐cost energy storage systems.
Synthesis of a Double‐Network Supramolecular Hydrogel by Having One Network Catalyse the Formation of the Second
Authors: Singh Nishant , Maity Chandan , Zhang Kai , Angulo‐Pachón César A. , van Esch Jan H. , Eelkema Rienk , Escuder Beatriu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSelf‐assembly of biomolecules catalytically controls the formation of natural supramolecular structures, giving highly ordered complex materials. Such desirable hybrid systems are very difficult to design and construct synthetically. A hybrid double‐network hydrogel with a maximum storage modulus (G′max) of up to 55 kPa can be synthesized by using a self‐assembled hydrogel that catalyses the formation of another kinetically arrested hydrogel network. Tuning of the catalytic efficiency of the first network allowed spatiotemporal control over the evolution of the second network and the resulting mechanical properties. The distribution of active catalytic sites was optimal for catalytic fibres prepared at the minimum gelation concentration (MGC) to give the double‐network hydrogel with highest storage modulus. This approach could be very useful in preparing complex hierarchical structures with tailor‐made properties.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Oxetanes Bearing All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters via Iridium‐Catalyzed C−C Bond‐Forming Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Guo Yi‐An , Lee Wonchul , Krische Michael J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOxetanes bearing all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters are readily prepared through the iridium‐catalyzed anti‐diastereo‐ and enantioselective C−C coupling of primary alcohols and isoprene oxide. Based on this methodology, an oxetane containing analogue of haloperidol was prepared. A related azetidine formation is also described.
From Folding to Function: Design of a New Switchable Biosurfactant Protein
Authors: Zhao Chun‐Xia , Dwyer Mirjana Dimitrijev , Yu Lei , Middelberg Anton P. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA new anionic biosurfactant protein (SP16) capable of tuning foaming behaviour by pH or salt has been designed. This biosurfactant exhibits unique foaming behaviour with high sensitivity to pH. A good level of foaming was observed at pH 2 but not at pH 3. A further increase by one pH unit to pH 4 restored good foaming. At pH 5–8, SP16 again showed low foaming propensity, whereas the presence of salt (NaCl) was able to restore foaming again. Interfacial tension and circular dichroism investigations revealed the foaming control mechanism. The high negative charge (−16.6) at pH 6 and above restricted the ability of SP16 to fold into an α‐helical conformation and also restricted surface activity. For pH 5 (−13.6), even though SP16 folds in bulk to give α‐helical structure, the high charge inhibited adsorption at the air–water interface, resulting in a significant lag time of about 150–200 sec to achieve a decrease in interfacial tension. In contrast to its low foaming behaviour at pH 5–8, the presence of salt (NaCl) was found to effectively screen negative charge, thus leading to its folding and a decrease of interfacial tension. This new design offers a new strategy to control foaming behaviour, and elaborates a clear link between charge, structure and interfacial activity for biosurfactants.
A Complementary Aggregation Induced Emission Pair for Generating White Light and Four‐Colour (RGB and Near‐IR) Cell Imaging
Authors: Sarkar Samir Kumar , Mukherjee Sanjoy , Garai Aditya , Thilagar Pakkirisamy 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA straightforward strategy for the generation of white‐light emission in aqueous media is reported. Using a blue‐emissive AIE‐active (aggregation‐induced emission) 1,8‐naphthalimide‐based sensitizer and a boron‐dipyrromethene‐based red emitter as a dopant, water‐dispersible nanostructures with tuneable emission features are produced. The white‐light emissive (WL) nanoaggregates are stable at neutral pH and have been elegantly utilised for four‐colour cell imaging (including nearinfrared imaging).
Metallosalen‐Based Ionic Porous Polymers as Bifunctional Catalysts for the Conversion of CO2 into Valuable Chemicals
Authors: Luo Rongchang , Chen Yaju , He Qian , Lin Xiaowei , Xu Qihang , He Xiaohui , Zhang Wuying , Zhou Xiantai , Ji Hongbing 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA series of new metallosalen‐based ionic porous organic polymers (POPs) were synthesized for the first time using a simple unique strategy based on the free‐radical copolymerization reaction. Various techniques were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of these catalysts. These well‐designed materials endowed high surface area, hierarchical porous structures, and enhanced CO2/N2 adsorptive selectivity. Moreover, these POPs having both metal centers (Lewis acid) and ionic units (nucleophile) could serve as bifunctional catalysts in the catalytic conversion of CO2 into high value‐added chemicals without any additional co‐catalyst under mild and solvent‐free conditions, for example, CO2/epoxides cycloaddition and Nformylation of amines from CO2 and hydrosilanes. The results demonstrated that the irregular porous structure was very favorable for the diffusion of substrates and products, and the microporous structural property resulted in the enrichment of CO2 near the catalytic centers in the CO2‐involved transformations. Additionally, the superhydrophobic property could not only enhance the chemoselectivity of products but also promote the stability and recyclability of catalysts.
Detection and in vitro metabolism of the confiscated peptides BPC 157 and MGF R23H
Authors: Cox Holly D. , Miller Geoff D. , Eichner Daniel 
Published: December 2016

A new peptide, body protecting compound (BPC), BPC 157, and a variant of mechano‐growth factor (MGF), MGF R23H, were identified in confiscated vials. BPC 157 has the amino acid sequence, GEPPPGKPADDAGLV, and is currently under investigation for the promotion of healing and recovery in a variety of tissues. In vitro metabolism experiments in plasma demonstrate that MGF R23H has good stability and should be detectable in urine, while BPC 157 forms a stable metabolite that should be detectable in urine. A weak cation exchange solid phase extraction method was validated for detection of BPC 157 in urine. The method has a limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL, precision of less than 20%, and good linearity, r2 0.998. BPC 157 was stable in urine for at least 4 days. The specificity of the method is improved by measurement of a potential BPC metabolite along with the parent peptide. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric deposition exposes Qinling pandas to toxic pollutants
Authors: Chen Yi‐ping , Zheng Ying‐juan , Liu Qiang , Song Yi , An Zhi‐sheng , Ma Qing‐yi , Ellison Aaron M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is one of the most endangered animals in the world, and it is recognized worldwide as a symbol for conservation. A previous study showed that wild and captive pandas, especially those of the Qinling subspecies, were exposed to toxicants in their diet of bamboo; the ultimate origin of these toxicants is unknown. Here we show that atmospheric deposition is the most likely origin of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the diets of captive and wild Qinling pandas. Average atmospheric deposition was 199, 115, and 49 g·m−2·yr−1 in the center of Xi'an City, at China's Shaanxi Wild Animal Research Center (SWARC), and at Foping National Nature Reserve (FNNR), respectively. Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Ni) and POPs was highest at Xi'an City, intermediate at SWARC, and lowest at FNNR. Soil concentrations of the aforementioned heavy metals other than As and Zn also were significantly higher at SWARC than at FNNR. Efforts to conserve Qinling pandas may be compromised by air pollution attendant to China's economic development. Improvement of air quality and reductions of toxic emissions are urgently required to protect China's iconic species.
Incorporating larval dispersal intoMPAdesign for both conservation and fisheries
Authors: Krueck Nils C. , Ahmadia Gabby N. , Green Alison , Jones Geoffrey P. , Possingham Hugh P. , Riginos Cynthia , Treml Eric A. , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLarval dispersal by ocean currents is a critical component of systematic marine protected area (MPA) design. However, there is a lack of quantitative methods to incorporate larval dispersal in support of increasingly diverse management objectives, including local population persistence under multiple types of threats (primarily focused on larval retention within and dispersal between protected locations) and benefits to unprotected populations and fisheries (primarily focused on larval export from protected locations to fishing grounds). Here, we present a flexibleMPAdesign approach that can reconcile multiple such potentially conflicting management objectives by balancing various associated treatments of larval dispersal information. We demonstrate our approach based on alternative dispersal patterns, combinations of threats to populations, management objectives, and two different optimization strategies (site vs. network‐based). Our outcomes highlight a consistently high effectiveness in selecting priority locations that are self‐replenishing, inter‐connected, and/or important larval sources. We find that the opportunity to balance these three dispersal attributes flexibly can help not only to prevent meta‐population collapse, but also to ensure effective fisheries recovery, with average increases in the number of recruits at fishing grounds at least two times higher than achieved by standard habitat‐based or ad‐hocMPAdesigns. Future applications of ourMPAdesign approach should therefore be encouraged, specifically where management tools other thanMPAs are not feasible.
Prevalence of binge and loss of control eating among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: An exploratory meta‐analysis
Authors: He Jinbo , Cai Zhihui , Fan Xitao 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveDue to the inconsistency of the research findings in the current literature, the prevalence of binge and loss of control (LOC) eating among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity remains unclear. By using the meta‐analytic approach, this article aimed at exploring the prevalence of binge/LOC eating among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity, and at identifying potential moderators, which may have contributed to the heterogeneity of the existing research findings.MethodFour electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global) were searched. The search period covered the research literature up to April 2016. A random‐effects meta‐analysis model was used to estimate the overall prevalence. Weighted random‐effects model ANOVAs and univariate random‐effects meta‐regression were applied for the analysis of categorical moderators and continuous moderators, respectively.ResultsThirty‐six studies were identified. The overall prevalence of binge/LOC eating was estimated to be 26.3% (95% CI: 23.1–29.7%), with 22.2% (95% CI: 18.6–26.3%) and 31.2% (95% CI: 26.1–36.9%) for binge eating and LOC eating, respectively. Treatment status, binge eating vs. LOC eating and assessment methods appeared to be associated with the inconsistencies of the prevalence rates across the studies.DiscussionThe findings of this meta‐analysis indicated that binge/LOC eating was prevalent among more than one quarter of children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Considering the close relationship between disordered eating behaviors and obesity, future research concerning overweight and obesity among children and adolescents needs to take binge/LOC eating into consideration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:91–103)
Invasive plant alters community and ecosystem dynamics by promoting native predators
Authors: Smith‐Ramesh Lauren M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPlacing invasion in a more complete food web context expands our understanding of species invasions to reflect the inherent complexity of ecological networks. Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) has traditionally been predicted to dominate native communities through mechanisms embodied in popular hypotheses such as direct plant–plant interactions (allelopathy) and plant–herbivore interactions (enemy escape). However, garlic mustard also interacts directly with native predators by providing habitat for web‐building spiders, which colonize the dry fruit structures (siliques) that garlic mustard leaves behind after it senesces. This interaction may lead to altered food web structure, resulting previously unexamined invasion consequences. This idea was tested in a field experiment including three treatments in which garlic mustard siliques were left intact (S+), removed (S−), or native species dominated and garlic mustard was absent (N). When siliques were intact, estimated insect abundance was locally reduced in invaded plots compared to native plots, but this relationship disappeared when siliques were removed. Phosphorus availability and the growth of one native plant species were both elevated in invaded plots where siliques were intact compared to plots where siliques were removed. Results indicate that garlic mustard's close association with web‐building spiders initiates cascading invader impacts on the native community and ecosystem properties. This work supports recent theory suggesting that taking a broader food web perspective may help predict invasion impacts in different environmental contexts.
Benchmarking Uranyl Peroxide Capsule Chemistry in Organic Media
Authors: Neal Harrison A. , Szymanowski Jennifer , Fein Jeremy B. , Burns Peter C. , Nyman May 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is research led by May Nyman at Oregon State University in collaboration with scientists at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA. The cover image depicts the transfer of uranyl peroxide clusters from an aqueous phase to an organic phase in a nuclear power plant cooling tower, showing how the fundamental science of actinides is related to the industrial nuclear fuel cycle.
Simulating clinical trials with and without intracranial EEG data
Authors: Goldenholz Daniel M. , Tharayil Joseph J. , Kuzniecky Rubin , Karoly Philippa , Theodore William H. , Cook Mark J. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryObjectiveIt is currently unknown whether knowledge of clinically silent (electrographic) seizures improves the statistical efficiency of clinical trials.MethodsUsing data obtained from 10 patients with chronically implanted subdural electrodes over an average of 1 year, a Monte Carlo bootstrapping simulation study was performed to estimate the statistical power of running a clinical trial based on (1) patient‐reported seizures with intracranial electroencephalogram (icEEG) confirmation, (2) all patient‐reported events, or (3) all icEEG‐confirmed seizures. A “drug” was modeled as having 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% efficacy in 1,000 simulated trials each. Outcomes were represented as percentage of trials that achieved p < 0.05 using Fisher's exact test for 50% responder rates (RR50) and the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test for median percentage change (MPC).ResultsAt each simulated drug strength, the MPC method showed higher power than RR50. As drug strength increased, statistical power increased. For all cases except RR50 with drug of 10% efficacy, using patient‐reported events (with or without icEEG confirmation) was not as statistically powerful as using all available intracranially confirmed seizures (p < 0.001).SignificanceWith simulation, this study demonstrates that additional accuracy in seizure detection using chronically implanted icEEG improves statistical power of clinical trials. Newer invasive and noninvasive seizure detection devices may have the potential to provide greater statistical efficiency, accelerate drug discovery, and lower trial costs.
Developmental effects of the industrial cooling water additives morpholine and sodium hypochlorite on lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)
Authors: Thome Christopher , Mitz Charlotte , Sreetharan Shayenthiran , Mitz Charles , Somers Christopher M. , Manzon Richard G. , Boreham Douglas R. , Wilson Joanna Y. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Chemicals used in the prevention of corrosion and biofouling may be released into the environment via industrial cooling water discharges. The authors assessed the impacts of 2 commonly used chemicals, morpholine and sodium hypochlorite, on development in lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). Embryos were exposed chronically, beginning at fertilization or at the eyed stage. Acute 96-h exposures were also examined at 4 development stages. Chronic morpholine resulted in median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of 219 ± 54 mg/L when exposure began at fertilization and 674 ± 12 mg/L when exposure began at the eyed stage, suggesting that embryos are more sensitive earlier in development. Chronic morpholine exposure advanced hatching by up to 30%, and the early hatching embryos were up to 10% smaller in body length. A decrease in yolk conversion efficiency was also observed in embryos exposed to chronic morpholine concentrations of 1000 mg/L. The majority of effects from morpholine exposure manifested near hatch, possibly reflecting changes in chorion permeability at the end of embryonic development. Sodium hypochlorite only impacted survival with chronic exposure from fertilization, where the total residual chlorine LC50 was 0.52 ± 0.11 mg/L. Acute exposures to both chemicals had minimal effects up to the highest tested concentrations. Overall, the results suggest that the risk during development from exposure to morpholine and sodium hypochlorite is low under normal operating conditions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1955–1965. © 2016 SETAC