bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The early summertime Saharan heat low: sensitivity of the radiation budget and atmospheric heating to water vapour and dust aerosol
Authors: Alamirew Netsanet K. , Todd Martin C. , Ryder Claire L. , Marsham John H. , Wang Yi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The Saharan heat low (SHL) is a key component of the west African
climate system and an important driver of the west African monsoon across a
range of timescales of variability. The physical mechanisms driving the
variability in the SHL remain uncertain, although water vapour has been
implicated as of primary importance. Here, we quantify the independent
effects of variability in dust and water vapour on the radiation budget and
atmospheric heating of the region using a radiative transfer model
configured with observational input data from the Fennec field campaign at
the location of Bordj Badji Mokhtar (BBM) in southern Algeria (21.4∘ N, 0.9∘ E),
close to the SHL core for June 2011. Overall, we find dust aerosol and
water vapour to be of similar importance in driving variability in the
top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation budget and therefore the column-integrated
heating over the SHL (∼ 7 W m−2 per standard deviation of
dust aerosol optical depth – AOD). As such, we infer that SHL intensity is likely to be similarly
enhanced by the effects of dust and water vapour surge events. However, the
details of the processes differ. Dust generates substantial radiative
cooling at the surface (∼ 11 W m−2 per standard deviation
of dust AOD), presumably leading to reduced sensible heat flux in the
boundary layer, which is more than compensated by direct radiative heating
from shortwave (SW) absorption by dust in the dusty boundary layer. In contrast, water
vapour invokes a radiative warming at the surface of ∼ 6 W m−2 per standard deviation of column-integrated water vapour in kg m−2.
Net effects involve a pronounced net atmospheric radiative
convergence with heating rates on average of 0.5 K day−1 and up to 6 K day−1 during synoptic/mesoscale dust events from monsoon surges and
convective cold-pool outflows (“haboobs”). On this basis, we make inferences
on the processes driving variability in the SHL associated with radiative
and advective heating/cooling. Depending on the synoptic context over the
region, processes driving variability involve both independent effects of
water vapour and dust and compensating events in which dust and water vapour
are co-varying. Forecast models typically have biases of up to 2 kg m−2 in
column-integrated water vapour (equivalent to a change in 2.6 W m−2 TOA net flux) and typically lack variability in dust and thus are
expected to poorly represent these couplings. An improved representation
of dust and water vapour and quantification of associated radiative impact
in models is thus imperative to further understand the SHL and related climate processes.
A framework for modelling the complexities of food and water security under globalisation
Authors: Dermody Brian J. , Sivapalan Murugesu , Stehfest Elke , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Wassen Martin J. , Bierkens Marc F. P. , Dekker Stefan C. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We present a new framework for modelling the complexities of food and water security under globalisation. The framework sets out a method to capture regional and sectoral interdependencies and cross-scale feedbacks within the global food system that contribute to emergent water use patterns. The framework integrates aspects of existing models and approaches in the fields of hydrology and integrated assessment modelling. The core of the framework is a multi-agent network of city agents connected by infrastructural trade networks. Agents receive socio-economic and environmental constraint information from integrated assessment models and hydrological models respectively and simulate complex, socio-environmental dynamics that operate within those constraints. The emergent changes in food and water resources are aggregated and fed back to the original models with minimal modification of the structure of those models. It is our conviction that the framework presented can form the basis for a new wave of decision tools that capture complex socio-environmental change within our globalised world. In doing so they will contribute to illuminating pathways towards a sustainable future for humans, ecosystems and the water they share.
A self-adjusting stiffness center design for large stroke compliant XY nanomanipulators
Authors: Liu Zhiqing , Zhang Zhen , Yan Peng 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In the present paper, it is proposed a self-adjusting stiffness center (SASC)
design for large stroke XY beam flexure-based mechanisms. An important
feature of the SASC lies in it restricts the in-plane parasitic rotation by
reducing the moment of force instead of increasing the rotational stiffness
widely utilized in the literature. Specifically, it is shown that by
leveraging on the varied stiffness of the parallelogram flexure, the
stiffness center can be made stationary by appropriately setting the relevant
geometric parameters, so that the parasitic rotation can be restricted.
Furthermore, it is presented a millimeter stroke XY nanomanipulator with the
SASC-based redundant constraint in a case study. Numerous finite element
analysis (FEA) results demonstrate that the proposed design is not only
capable of achieving 1.5 × 1.5 mm2 working range in a compact desktop
size, but significantly reduces the in-plane moment applied to the motion
stage. The proposed SASC-based design provides an alternative approach to
reduce the parasitic rotation of large stroke XY beam flexure-based
mechanisms.
Investigating cold based summit glaciers through direct access to the glacier base: a case study constraining the maximum age of Chli Titlis glacier, Switzerland
Authors: Bohleber Pascal , Hoffmann Helene , Kerch Johanna , Sold Leo , Fischer Andrea 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Cold glaciers at the highest locations of the European Alps have been
investigated by drilling ice cores to retrieve their stratigraphic climate
records. Findings like the Oetztal ice man have demonstrated that small ice
bodies at summit locations of comparatively lower altitudes may also contain
old ice if locally frozen to the underlying bedrock. In this case,
constraining the maximum age of their lowermost ice part may help to identify
past periods with minimum ice extent in the Alps. However, with recent
warming and consequent glacier mass loss, these sites may not preserve their
unique climate information for much longer. Here we utilized an existing ice
cave at Chli Titlis (3030 m), central Switzerland, to perform a case study
for investigating the maximum age of cold-based summit glaciers in the Alps.
The cave offers direct access to the glacier stratigraphy without the
logistical effort required in ice core drilling. In addition, a pioneering
exploration had already demonstrated stagnant cold ice conditions at Chli
Titlis, albeit more than 25 years ago. Our englacial temperature measurements
and the analysis of the isotopic and physical properties of ice blocks
sampled at three locations within the ice cave show that cold ice still
exists fairly unchanged today. State-of-the-art micro-radiocarbon analysis
constrains the maximum age of the ice at Chli Titlis to about 5000 years
before present. By this means, the approach presented here will contribute to
a future systematic investigation of cold-based summit glaciers, also in the
Eastern Alps.
Sobre los límites de la intervención de los servicios sociales
Authors: Montagud Mayor Xavier 
Published: January 2018

Uno de los argumentos más comunes a la hora de justificar el exiguo impacto d elos servicios sociales es el escaso peso que éstos representan en el conjunto del gasto social. En el articulo se muestra que esta justificación puede no ser del todo cierta. Pese a que el balance de sus primeros años fue claramente positivo, el análisis de ciertos datos del periodo 1997-2007 previos al estallido de la crisis muestra, a juicio del autor, las crecientes dificultades para mejorar las situaciones de pobreza y exclusión social con independencia de los medios financieros y personales que se hayan dispuesto. Tal afirmación sugiere la posibilidad de que la intervención de los servicios sociales esté sometida a ciertos límites que constriñen seriamente sus capacidades y plantea la necesidad de integrarlos en nuestro discurso. Sus fundamentos serían el irreversible cambio de época en el que nos encontramos, la insostenibilidad del modelo incrementalista de bienestar en el que se fundó la intervención social y una idea de finitud de la acción social que integra las reflexiones de Marx (1992) y Nussbaum (1995) al respecto. Cierra el texto un breve apartado en el que se detalla el significado de tales límites com tope, tránsito y transformación de los servicios sociales.
Migración y ciudadanía. La lógica de la asignación de derechos en la acción social
Authors: Peláez-Paz Carlos , Sanz Abad Jesús 
Published: January 2018

Exponemos las aportaciones de la reflexión antropológica acerca de la relación entre las formas de inclusión de la población inmigrante en España y el reconocimiento de los DESC y la ciudadanía. Asistimos al tránsito de la idea clásica de “ciudadanía social” de Marshall basada en la universalidad de derechos a una visión segmentada del acceso a los derechos en un contexto global neoliberal, en el cual la ciudadanía se convierte en un mecanismo de exclusión y no de inclusión. Describimos la producción de la alteridad del inmigrante pauperizado y peligroso, que dan paso a su inclusión diferencial. En ese proceso clasificatorio el ordenamiento jurídico y la gestión institucional juegan un papel clave, legitimadas mediante los discursos de la escasez y la seguridad. Así, reflexionamos sobre la función del trabajo social en este contexto y la tensión entre modelos dirigidos al control social frente a otros que emplean lógicas transformadoras y de lucha por la equidad y la justicia social.
The Stoics on Hope and Fear: How to Be a Politically Engaged Stoic
Authors: Reddoch Jason 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
According to Stoicism, hope and fear are dangerous emotions that are irrational since they encourage us to designate external circumstances as good or bad, which from the Stoic perspective are a matter of indifference and have no bearing on our personal happiness. The Stoic theory of emotions provides a basis for identifying the dangers of hope and fear in contemporary American politics. Drawing on examples from the 2008 and 2016 presidential elections in which the American electorate experienced much hope and fear, this article explains how abandoning emotional gratification provides a more rational and compassionate approach to political engagement.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 7, No. 1
Authors: Lee Joan 
Published: January 2018

Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to sar@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 1Aftab Alam, Vice President Agriculture (R&D), Edenworks Inc. New York, United StatesAhmed Ghannam, University of Strasbourg, FranceAmor Slama, Science Faculty of Bizerte, TunisiaBed Mani Dahal, Kathmandu University, NepalBenedict Jonathan Kayombo, Botswana College of Agriculture, BotswanaBeye Amadou Moustapha, Rice Research Center, Cote d'IvoireCarlos Enrrik Pedrosa, Alis - Bom Despacho - MG, BrazilClara Ines Pardo Martinez, University of La Salle, ColombiaCristina Bianca Pocol, University of Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine of Cluj Napoca, RomaniaEntessar Mohammad Al JBawi, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, SyriaFrancesco Sunseri, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria - Italy, ItalyGema Parra, Universidad de Jaén, SpainInder Pal Singh, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University (GADVASU), IndiaJanakie Shiroma Saparamadu, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Sri LankaJiun-Yan Loh, UCSI University, MalaysiaKatarzyna Panasiewicz, Pozna? University of Life Sciences, Department of Agronomy, PolandManuel Teles Oliveira, University Tras os Montes Alto Douro (UTAD), PortugalMarcelo Augusto Gonçalves Bardi, Universidade Sao Francisco, BrazilMaren Langhof, Julius Kühn-Institut, GermanyMehmet Yagmur, Ahi Evran University, TurkeyMrutyunjay Swain, Sardar Patel University, IndiaMukantwali Christine, Rwanda Agriculture Board, RwandaMurtazain Raza, Subsidiary of Habib Bank AG Zurich, PakistanPelin Günç Ergönül, Celal Bayar University, TurkeyRaghuveer Sripathi, Advanta US, Inc., USARam Swaroop Jat, ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, IndiaRoberto José Zoppolo, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (Uruguay), UruguaySilviu Beciu, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, RomaniaStefano Marino, University of Molise, ItalySubbu Kumarappan, Ohio State ATI, United StatesSubhash Chand, Central Agricultural Research Institute CARI Port Blair, IndiaTenaw Workayehu, Hawassa Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Ethiopia
Instrumentos de diálogo: diagramas, del objeto al sujeto
Authors: Martínez Martínez Raúl 
Published: January 2018

El cambio de paradigma que suscita el paso de una sociedad industrial a una posindustrial, dominada por las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, ha llevado al arquitecto a desempeñar un nuevo rol frente a la sociedad. Esta nueva situación ha conducido a una revisión de los mecanismos convencionales de representación arquitectónica y a la aparición del diagrama como el instrumento de diseño más adecuado para resolver los nuevos retos que debe afrontar la disciplina. Una herramienta al servicio del arquitecto con capacidad de indagar por territorios inexplorados de la arquitectura y en disposición de proponer nuevas lecturas de la misma. Este artículo pone en relieve dos diferentes maneras de dialogar con el proyecto: las posturas diagramáticas que trabajan con el objeto arquitectónico per se (diagramas programáticos, diagramas contextuales, diagramas espaciales) y las posturas diagramáticas que priorizan al sujeto y la experiencia arquitectónica (diagramas experienciales).
The paradigm shift from an industrial to a postindustrial society, dominated by information and communication technologies, altered the role of the architect within society. This changed situation has led to a review of the conventional mechanisms of architectural representation and the emergence of the diagram as the most convenient design tool to solve the new challenges that the discipline must face. It is an instrument of design at the hands of the architect with the capacity to investigate the unexplored territories of architecture, and the ability to put forward new readings and interpretations of architecture. This article highlights two different ways of conversing with the project: the diagrammatic positions that work with the architectural object itself (program diagrams, contextual diagrams, spatial diagrams) and the diagrammatic positions that prioritize the subject and the architectural experience (experiential diagrams).
Placebo‐controlled crossover assessment of mecasermin for the treatment of Rett syndrome
Authors: O'Leary Heather M. , Kaufmann Walter E. , Barnes Katherine V. , Rakesh Kshitiz , Kapur Kush , Tarquinio Daniel C. , Cantwell Nicole G. , Roche Katherine J. , Rose Suzanne A. , Walco Alexandra C. , Bruck Natalie M. , Bazin Grace A. , Holm Ingrid A. , Alexander Mark E. , Swanson Lindsay C. , Baczewski Lauren M. , Mayor Torres Juan M. , Nelson Charles A. , Sahin Mustafa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo measure the efficacy of mecasermin (recombinant human insulin‐like growth factor 1, rhIGF‐1), for treating symptoms of Rett syndrome (RTT) in a pediatric population using a double‐blind crossover study design.MethodsThirty girls with classic RTT in postregression stage were randomly assigned to placebo or rhIGF‐1 in treatment period 1 and crossed over to the opposite assignment for period 2 (both 20 weeks), separated by a 28‐week washout period. The primary endpoints were as follows: Anxiety Depression and Mood Scale (ADAMS) Social Avoidance subscale, Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire (RSBQ) Fear/Anxiety subscale, Parent Target Symptom Visual Analog Scale (PTSVAS) top three concerns, Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Parent Global Impression (PGI), and the Kerr severity scale. Cardiorespiratory‐ and electroencephalography (EEG)‐based biomarkers were also analyzed.ResultsThere were no significant differences between randomization groups. The majority of AEs were mild to moderate, although 12 episodes of serious AEs occurred. The Kerr severity scale, ADAMS Depressed Mood subscale, Visual Analog Scale Hyperventilation, and delta average power change scores significantly increased, implying worsening of symptoms. Electroencephalography (EEG) parameters also deteriorated. A secondary analysis of subjects who were not involved in a placebo recall confirmed most of these findings. However, it also revealed improvements on a measure of stereotypic behavior and another of social communication.InterpretationAs in the phase 1 trial, rhIGF‐1 was safe; however, the drug did not reveal significant improvement, and some parameters worsened.
Integration of Phase‐Change Materials with Electrospun Fibers for Promoting Neurite Outgrowth under Controlled Release
Authors: Xue Jiajia , Zhu Chunlei , Li Jianhua , Li Haoxuan , Xia Younan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA temperature‐regulated system for the controlled release of nerve growth factor (NGF) to promote neurite outgrowth is reported. The system is based upon microparticles fabricated using coaxial electrospray, with the outer solution containing a phase‐change material (PCM) and the inner solution encompassing payload(s). When the temperature is kept below the melting point of the PCM, there is no release due to the extremely slow diffusion through a solid matrix. Upon increasing the temperature to slightly pass the melting point, the encapsulated payload(s) can be readily released from the melted PCM. By leveraging the reversibility of the phase transition, the payload(s) can be released in a pulsatile mode through on/off heating cycles. The controlled release system is evaluated for potential use in neural tissue engineering by sandwiching the microparticles, coloaded with NGF and a near‐infrared dye, between two layers of electrospun fibers to form a trilayer construct. Upon photothermal heating with a near‐infrared laser, the NGF is released with well‐preserved bioactivity to promote neurite outgrowth. By choosing different combinations of PCM, biological effector, and scaffolding material, this controlled release system can be applied to a wide variety of biomedical applications.
Programmable Light‐Activated Gradient Materials Based on Graphene–Polymer Composites
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Tan Mei Chee 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecently, adaptive programmable materials capable of changing their shape to perform complex motions in response to an external stimulus have attracted tremendous interest. The shape‐changing abilities rely heavily on the non‐linear response of a localized area, where generally an external stimulus would cause distortion due to non‐uniform volumetric changes. Hence, creating materials with heterogeneous compositions and structures have become an effective strategy to achieve the non‐uniform volumetric changes. Here, a versatile strategy that harnesses the concepts of structural and compositional gradients to guide the design of programmable light‐activated materials with continuous changing structures and their correspondingly responsive behavior are developed. These materials compose of a bilayer structure including ultraviolet‐cured Norland Optical Adhesive (NOA) 73 support layer and a structural and compositional gradient layer of polyethylenimine (PEI)‐modified graphene oxide (GO) complexes. The volumetric mismatch between these two layers leads to the reversible three‐dimensional deformation of PEI‐GO/NOA 73 bilayers. The PEI density and the extent of GO reduction lead to different light‐sensing abilities, which result in different extent of deformation and deformation/reversal speed. By controlling the composition of each PEI‐GO segment, programmable light‐activated actuations, such as helical buckling with varying pitch‐sizes of a gradient‐based PEI‐GO/NOA 73 actuator are demonstrated.
Platinum‐Palladium Core–Shell Nanoflower Catalyst with Improved Activity and Excellent Durability for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Jauhar Altamash M. , Hassan Fathy M. , Cano Zachary P. , Hoque Md Ariful , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work, highly active and stable platinum–palladium core–shell nanoflowers supported on sulfur‐doped graphene (PtPd‐NF/SG) with a polyol reduction method are synthesized. Platinum is decorated on palladium seeds to form core–shell structured floral petals to improve surface activity and give high electrochemically active surface area and stability. The catalyst is deposited on sulfur‐doped graphene to induce highly favorable catalyst‐support interactions to ensure long‐term electrochemical stability. The specific activity and mass activity of the synthesized core–shell nanocatalysts are 3.2 and 4.7 times higher than commercial Pt/C toward oxygen reduction reaction, respectively. After 10 000 testing cycles, the mass and specific activity of the catalyst is ≈25 and ≈18 times higher than the Pt/C benchmark catalyst, respectively. The enhanced electrochemical activity and excellent stability of PtPd‐NF/SG can be attributed to the 2D core–shell nanoflower structure, weak binding of hydroxyl groups to the platinum metal deposited on palladium, and robust sulfur‐doped graphene support.
A Redox‐Active Electrochemical Decoder
Authors: Gaikwad Pramod , Misal Mahavir , Khaire Siddhi , Raafik Abdul , Aralekallu Shambhulinga , Varhade Swapnil , Bhat Zahid Manzoor , Kottaichamy Alagar Raja , Devendrachari Mruthyunjayachari Chattanahalli , Gautam Manu , Thotiyl Musthafa Ottakam 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn communication systems, transmission of data between different locations requires encoders for encryption and decoders for decrypting encoded data. In modern digital devices, these functions are performed by transistors from their distinct logic levels. It is demonstrated that a redox‐active interface with twin interfacial states can decrypt encoded information through electrochemical means; consequently, it can function as an electrochemical decoder in memory devices. The redox‐active half‐cell electrode/electrolyte interface of the device furnishes bistable conducting and nonconducting states providing the logic HIGH and logic LOW levels of operation, respectively. The logic HIGH level of operation is prompted by self‐charge injection into the redox‐active polymeric backbone which is confirmed by quartz crystal microbalance, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, and spectroelectrochemistry. A single cathodic interface allows bistable interfacial chemistry; consequently, ‘n’ cell combination can process second possibilities demonstrating the power of electrochemical interface in decoding encoded information.