bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of privacy, trust and user activity on intentions to share Facebook photos
Authors: Malik Aqdas , Hiekkanen Kari , Dhir Amandeep , Nieminen Marko 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The popularity of Facebook photo sharing has not only seen a surge in the number of photos shared but also has raised various issues concerning user privacy and self-disclosure. Recent literature has documented the increasing interest of the research community in understanding various privacy issues concerning self-disclosures on Facebook. However, little is known about how different privacy issues, trust and activity influence users’ intentions to share photos on Facebook. To bridge this gap, a research model was developed and tested to better understand the impact of privacy concerns, privacy awareness and privacy-seeking on trust and actual photo sharing activity and subsequently on photo sharing intentions. This study aims to examine the consequences of various facets of privacy associated with photo sharing activity on Facebook.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional data from 378 respondents were collected and analysed using partial least squares modelling.

Findings
The results revealed a significant relationship between various aspects of privacy, including awareness and protective behaviour, with trust and activity. Furthermore, trust and users’ photo sharing activity significantly impact photo sharing intentions on Facebook.

Originality/value
This study contributes new knowledge concerning various privacy issues and their impact on photo sharing activity and trust. The study also proposes implications that are highly relevant for social networking sites, media agencies and organisations involved in safeguarding the privacy of online users.
Emotions, helping behavior and leaders’ effectiveness: a serial mediation model
Authors: Asadullah Muhammad Ali , Mumtaz Mehwish , Batool Zillae , Hameed Imran 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of leaders’ positive emotions on their followers’ perceptions of leaders’ effectiveness through a serial mediation mechanism that employed followers’ positive emotions and leaders’ helping behaviors as mediators.Design/methodology/approachThis study is quantitative in nature. The data for it were collected from supervisors and subordinates in the restaurant and hotel industries of Pakistan. This study used a mix of convenient and purposive/judgmental sampling and the sample consisted of 400 dyads.FindingsThis study has found statistical support for all its hypotheses. In particular, the results of this study have demonstrated that followers’ emotions and leaders’ helping behaviors mediate the relationships between leaders’ positive emotions and followers’ perceptions about their leaders’ effectiveness, acting in the form of a chain.Practical implicationsThis study has implications for organizational leaders who are in the process of implementing emotional regulation in the workplace.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies that has tested a serial mediation model to examine the conditions under which leaders’ positive emotions determine their effectiveness.
Firm, industry, and country level determinants of capital structure: evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Ahsan Tanveer , Wang Man , Qureshi Muhammad Azeem 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to find out firm, industry, and country level determinants of capital structure of Pakistani listed non-financial firms.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a fixed effects panel data model over a 39 years (1972-2010) unbalanced panel data of Pakistani non-financial listed firms to determine the factors that influence capital structure of these firms.

Findings
The authors find that Pakistani firms prefer retained earnings to finance their business projects, and debt is easily available for experienced firms. Moreover, socio-economic collusive networks, poor corporate governance mechanism along with weak legal system provide these firms an opportunity to pass on their risk to the creditors (banks).

Research limitations/implications
The data set does not contain factors characterizing inter-industry heterogeneity, therefore, the authors use mean industry leverage and mean industry profitability to explore if any relationship exists between leverage of firms, and their respective industry leverage/profitability.

Practical implications
Pakistani non-financial firms are highly leveraged increasing their probability to face financial distress in erratic economic conditions. As such, the policy makers need to develop capital markets of Pakistan to enable a resilient corporate capital structure. Further, erratic economic conditions of Pakistan create uncertain business environment yielding short-term opportunities and to finance them Pakistani firms use short-term debt as a main financing source. The policy makers need to improve corporate governance mechanism and strengthen legal system that will go a long way to develop Pakistani capital market on sound and sustainable footing.

Originality/value
This is the first study that uses an extended number of variables and discovers financial behavior of firms in a bank-based economy having limited financing options, and facing erratic economic conditions.
Meta‐omic analyses of Baltic Sea cyanobacteria: diversity, community structure and salt acclimation
Authors: Celepli Narin , Sundh John , Ekman Martin , Dupont Chris L. , Yooseph Shibu , Bergman Birgitta , Ininbergs Karolina 
Published: November 2016

SummaryCyanobacteria are important phytoplankton in the Baltic Sea, an estuarine‐like environment with pronounced north to south gradients in salinity and nutrient concentrations. Here, we present a metagenomic and ‐transcriptomic survey, with subsequent analyses targeting the genetic identity, phylogenetic diversity, and spatial distribution of Baltic Sea cyanobacteria. The cyanobacterial community constituted close to 12% of the microbial population sampled during a pre‐bloom period (June–July 2009). The community was dominated by unicellular picocyanobacteria, specifically a few highly abundant taxa (Synechococcus and Cyanobium) with a long tail of low abundance representatives, and local peaks of bloom‐forming heterocystous taxa. Cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea differed genetically from those in adjacent limnic and marine waters as well as from cultivated and sequenced picocyanobacterial strains. Diversity peaked at brackish salinities 3.5–16 psu, with low N:P ratios. A shift in community composition from brackish to marine strains was accompanied by a change in the repertoire and expression of genes involved in salt acclimation. Overall, the pre‐bloom cyanobacterial population was more genetically diverse, widespread and abundant than previously documented, with unicellular picocyanobacteria being the most abundant clade along the entire Baltic Sea salinity gradient.
Contribution of different dispersal sources to the metabolic response of lake bacterioplankton following a salinity change
Authors: Comte Jérôme , Langenheder Silke , Berga Mercè , Lindström Eva S. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryDispersal can modify how bacterial community composition (BCC) changes in response to environmental perturbations, yet knowledge about the functional consequences of dispersal is limited. Here we hypothesized that changes in bacterial community production in response to a salinity disturbance depend on the possibility to recruit cells from different dispersal sources. To investigate this, we conducted an in situ mesocosm experiment where bacterial communities of an oligotrophic lake were exposed to different salinities (0, 18, 36 psu) for 2 weeks and subjected to dispersal of cells originating from sediments, air (mesocosms open to air deposition), both or none. BCC was determined using 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and bacterial production was measured by 3H leucine uptake. Bacterial production differed significantly among salinity treatments and dispersal treatments, being highest at high salinity. These changes were associated with changes in BCC and it was found that the identity of the main functional contributors differed at different salinities. Our results further showed that after a salinity perturbation, the response of bacterial communities depended on the recruitment of taxa, including marine representatives (e.g., Alphaproteobacteria Loktanella, Erythrobacter and the Gammaproteobacterium Rheiheimera) from dispersal sources, in which atmospheric deposition appeared to play a major role.
PSTha5a23, a candidate effector from the obligate biotrophic pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is involved in plant defense suppression and rust pathogenicity
Authors: Cheng Yulin , Wu Kuan , Yao Juanni , Li Shumin , Wang Xiaojie , Huang Lili , Kang Zhensheng 
Published: November 2016

SummaryDuring the infection of host plants, pathogens can deliver virulence‐associated ‘effector’ proteins to promote plant susceptibility. However, little is known about effector function in the obligate biotrophic pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) that is an important fungal pathogen in wheat production worldwide. Here, they report their findings on an in planta highly induced candidate effector from Pst, PSTha5a23. The PSTha5a23 gene is unique to Pst and shows a low level of intra‐species polymorphism. It has a functional N‐terminal signal peptide and is translocated to the host cytoplasm after infection. Overexpression of PSTha5a23 in Nicotiana benthamiana was found to suppress the programmed cell death triggered by BAX, PAMP‐INF1 and two resistance‐related mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MKK1 and NPK1). Overexpression of PSTha5a23 in wheat also suppressed pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI)‐associated callose deposition. In addition, silencing of PSTha5a23 did not change Pst virulence phenotypes; however, overexpression of PSTha5a23 significantly enhanced Pst virulence in wheat. These results indicate that the Pst candidate effector PSTha5a23 plays an important role in plant defense suppression and rust pathogenicity, and also highlight the utility of gene overexpression in plants as a tool for studying effectors from obligate biotrophic pathogens.
Metabolic response of Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A to arsenite
Authors: Tokmina‐Lukaszewska Monika , Shi Zunji , Tripet Brian , McDermott Timothy R. , Copié Valérie , Bothner Brian , Wang Gejiao 
Published: November 2016

SummaryWide‐spread abundance in soil and water, coupled with high toxicity have put arsenic at the top of the list of environmental contaminants. Early studies demonstrated that both concentration and the valence state of inorganic arsenic (arsenite, As(III) vs. arsenate As(V)) can be modulated by microbes. Using genetics, transcriptomic and proteomic techniques, microbe‐arsenic detoxification, respiratory As(V) reduction and As(III) oxidation have since been examined. The effect of arsenic exposure on whole‐cell intracellular microbial metabolism, however, has not been extensively studied. We combined LC‐MS and 1H NMR to quantify metabolic changes in Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain 5A) upon exposure to sub‐lethal concentrations of As(III). Metabolomics analysis reveals global differences in metabolite concentrations between control and As(III) exposure groups, with significant perturbations to intermediates shuttling into and cycling within the TCA cycle. These data are most consistent with the disruption of two key TCA cycle enzymes, pyruvate dehydrogenase and α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Glycolysis also appeared altered following As(III) stress, with carbon accumulating as complex saccharides. These observations suggest that an important consequence of As(III) contamination in nature will be to alter microbial carbon metabolism at the microbial community level and thus has the potential to foundationally impact all biogeochemical cycles in the environment.
Shared and host‐specific microbiome diversity and functioning of grapevine and accompanying weed plants
Authors: Samad Abdul , Trognitz Friederike , Compant Stéphane , Antonielli Livio , Sessitsch Angela 
Published: November 2016

SummaryWeeds and crop plants select their microbiota from the same pool of soil microorganisms, however, the ecology of weed microbiomes is poorly understood. We analysed the microbiomes associated with roots and rhizospheres of grapevine and four weed species (Lamium amplexicaule L., Veronica arvensis L., Lepidium draba L. and Stellaria media L.) growing in proximity in the same vineyard using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We also isolated and characterized 500 rhizobacteria and root endophytes from L. draba and grapevine. Microbiome data analysis revealed that all plants hosted significantly different microbiomes in the rhizosphere as well as in root compartment, however, differences were more pronounced in the root compartment. The shared microbiome of grapevine and the four weed species contained 145 OTUs (54.2%) in the rhizosphere, but only nine OTUs (13.2%) in the root compartment. Seven OTUs (12.3%) were shared in all plants and compartments. Approximately 56% of the major OTUs (>1%) showed more than 98% identity to bacteria isolated in this study. Moreover, weed‐associated bacteria generally showed a higher species richness in the rhizosphere, whereas the root‐associated bacteria were more diverse in the perennial plants grapevine and L. draba. Overall, weed isolates showed more plant growth‐promoting characteristics compared with grapevine isolates.
Impact of Copayment Changes on Children's Albuterol Inhaler Use and Costs after the Clean Air Act Chlorofluorocarbon Ban
Authors: Galbraith Alison A. , Fung Vicki , Li Lingling , Butler Melissa G. , Nordin James D. , Hsu John , Smith David , Vollmer William M. , Lieu Tracy A. , Soumerai Stephen B. , Wu Ann Chen 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo examine changes in children's albuterol use and out‐of‐pocket (OOP) costs in response to increased copayments after the Food and Drug Administration banned inhalers with chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants.SettingFour health maintenance organizations (HMOs), two that increased copayments for albuterol inhalers that went from generic CFC‐containing to branded CFC‐free versions, and two that retained generic copayments for CFC‐free inhalers (controls). We included children with asthma aged 4–17 years with commercial coverage from 2007 to 2010.DesignInterrupted time series with comparison series.DataWe obtained enrollee and plan characteristics from enrollment files, and utilization data from pharmacy and medical claims; OOP expenditures were extracted from pharmacy claims for two HMOs with cost data available.FindingsThere were no significant differences in albuterol use between the group with increased cost‐sharing and controls with respect to changes after the policy change. There was a postpolicy increase of $6.11 OOP per month per child using albuterol among those with increased cost‐sharing versus $0.36 in controls; the difference between groups was significant (p < .01).ConclusionsIncreased copayments for brand‐name CFC‐free albuterol after the CFC ban did not lead to a decrease in children's albuterol use, but it led to a modest increase in OOP costs.
The Impact of an EU–US Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Agreement on Biofuel and Feedstock Markets
Authors: Beghin John C. , Bureau Jean‐Christophe , Gohin Alexandre 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe assess the impact of a potential TTIP bilateral free trade agreement on the EU and US bio‐economies (feedstock, biofuels, by‐products, and related competing crops) and major trade partners in these markets. The analysis develops a multi‐market model that incorporates bilateral trade flows (US to EU, EU to US, and similarly with third countries) and is calibrated to the OECD‐FAO baseline for 2013–2022 to account for recent policy decisions. The major policy reforms from a TTIP involve tariff and TRQ liberalisation and their direct contractionary impact on US sugar supply, EU biofuel production, and indirect negative effect on US high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) production. EU sugar and isoglucose production expand along with US ethanol and biodiesel and oilseed crushing. EU sugar would flow to the US, US biofuels and vegetable oil to the EU. We further quantify non‐tariff measures (NTM) affecting these trade flows between the EU and the US. EU oilseed production contracts, and EU crushing expands with improving crushing margins following reduced NTM frictions. Our analysis reveals limited net welfare gains with most net benefits reaped by Brazil and not the two trading partners of the TTIP.
Inhibitory Activity of Avocado Seed Fatty Acid Derivatives (Acetogenins) Against Listeria Monocytogenes
Authors: Salinas‐Salazar Carmen , Hernández‐Brenes Carmen , Rodríguez‐Sánchez Dariana Graciela , Castillo Elena Cristina , Navarro‐Silva Jesús Manuel , Pacheco Adriana 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHigh standards regarding Listeria monocytogenes control and consumer demands for food products without synthetic additives represent a challenge to food industry. We determined the antilisterial properties of an enriched acetogenin extract (EAE) from avocado seed, compared it to two commercial antimicrobials (one enriched in avocado acetogenins), and tested purified molecules. Acetogenin composition in pulp and seed of Hass avocado was quantified. EAE were obtained by two sequential centrifuge partition chromatography separations and molecules purified by preparative chromatography and quantified by HPLC‐MS‐TOF and HPLC‐PDA. Avocado seed extracts which are the following two: 1) EAE and 2) the commercially available antimicrobial Avosafe®, presented similar inhibition zones and chemical profiles. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of extracts and two isolated acetogenins varied between 7.8 and 15.6 mg/L, were effective at 37 and 4 °C, and showed a bactericidal effect probably caused by increased membrane permeability and lytic effects, evidenced by flow cytometry at 10 and 100× MIC. Activity was comparable to Mirenat®. Most potent acetogenins were Persenone C (5) and A (6), and AcO‐avocadenyne (1), the latter exclusively present in seed. Common features of bioactive molecules were the acetyl moiety and multiple unsaturations (2 to 3) in the aliphatic chain, some persenones also featured a trans‐enone group. Seeds contained 1.6 times higher levels of acetogenins than pulp (5048.1 ± 575.5 and 3107.0 ± 207.2 mg/kg fresh weight, respectively), and total content in pulp was 199 to 398 times higher than MIC values. Therefore, acetogenin levels potentially consumed by humans are higher than inhibitory concentrations. Results document properties of avocado seed acetogenins as natural antilisterial food additives.
High‐Throughput Sequencing of Viable Microbial Communities in Raw Pork Subjected to a Fast Cooling Process
Authors: Yang Chao , Che You , Qi Yan , Liang Peixin , Song Cunjiang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of the fast cooling process on the microbiological community in chilled fresh pork during storage. We established a culture‐independent method to study viable microbes in raw pork. Tray‐packaged fresh pork and chilled fresh pork were completely spoiled after 18 and 49 d in aseptic bags at 4 °C, respectively. 16S/18S ribosomal RNAs were reverse transcribed to cDNA to characterize the activity of viable bacteria/fungi in the 2 types of pork. Both cDNA and total DNA were analyzed by high‐throughput sequencing, which revealed that viable Bacteroides sp. were the most active genus in rotten pork, although viable Myroides sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were also active. Moreover, viable fungi were only detected in chilled fresh pork. The sequencing results revealed that the fast cooling process could suppress the growth of microbes present initially in the raw meat to extend its shelf life. Our results also suggested that fungi associated with pork spoilage could not grow well in aseptic tray‐packaged conditions.
varver: a database of microsatellite variation in vertebrates
Authors: Yashima Akiko Sato , Innan Hideki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how genetic variation is maintained within a species is important in ecology, evolution, conservation and population genetics. Tremendous efforts have been made to evaluate the patterns of genetic variation in natural populations of various species. For this purpose, microsatellites have played a major role since the 1990s. Here we describe a comprehensive database,varver(Variation in Vertebrates) that provides complete information regarding microsatellite variation in natural populations of vertebrates. For each species,varverincludes basic information of the species, a list of publications reporting the microsatellite variation, and tables of genetic variation within and between populations (heterozygosity andFST). The geographic location and rough sampling range are also shown for each sampled population. The database should be useful for researchers interested in not only specific species but also comparing multiple species. We discuss the utility of microsatellite data, particularly for meta‐analyses that involve multiple microsatellite loci from various species. We show that in such analyses, it is extremely important to correct for biases caused by differences in mutation rate, mainly due to repeat unit and number.
Patency of paediatric endotracheal tubes for airway instrumentation
Authors: Elfgen J. , Buehler P. K. , Thomas J. , Kemper M. , Imach S. , Weiss M. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundAirway exchange catheters (AEC) and fiberoptic bronchoscopes (FOB) for tracheal intubation are selected so that there is only a minimal gap between their outer and inner diameter of endotracheal tube (ETT) to minimize the risk of impingement during airway instrumentation. This study aimed to test the ease of passage of FOBs and AECs through paediatric ETT of different sizes and from different manufacturers when using current recommendations for dimensional equipment compatibility taken from text books and manufacturers information.MethodsTwelve different brands of cuffed and uncuffed ETT sized ID 2.5 to 5.0 mm were evaluated in an in vitro set‐up. Ease of device passage as well as the locations of an impaired passage within the ETT were assessed. Redundant samples were used for same sized ETT and all measurements were triple‐checked in randomized order.ResultsIn total, 51 paired samples of uncuffed as well as cuffed paediatric ETT were tested. There were substantial differences in the ease of ETT passage concordantly for FOBs and AECs among different manufacturers, but also among the product lines from the same manufacturer for a given ID size. Restriction to passage most frequently was found near the endotracheal tube tip or as a gradually increasing resistance along the ETT shaft.ConclusionsCurrent recommendations for dimensional equipment compatibility AECs and FOBs with ETTs do not appear to be completely accurate for all ETT brands available. We recommend that specific equipment combinations always must be tested carefully together before attempting to use them in a patient.