bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative exploration of the work of embodiment in adolescent girls with obesity
Authors: Liné C. , Moro M. R. , Lefèvre H. , Thievenaz J. , Lachal J. 
Published: July 2016

SummarySocial representations generally associate obesity, especially in adolescent girls, with sedentariness, lack of self‐control and laziness. These girls thus have substantial problems of self‐esteem. Dietary, lifestyle and behavioural approaches alone cannot address this issue, for they do not apprehend all of the complexity of obesity. This qualitative study is based on a dual observation: that the work performed by adolescents is unrecognized and that the body is not considered as a subject of analysis. It raises the question of the corporality of these teens through an original perspective: that of the perspective of their organization of actions on, to and by the body, in specific situations. The objective is to have access to the corporal experience of young girls with obesity, so that we can understand and support them better. The data come from semi‐directive interviews with 10 adolescent girls with obesity. The content was analysed in terms of concepts of professional didactics (a branch of educational psychology) and enaction. Five situations were identified from these interviews: the first, shopping with friends, concerns actions by the subjects towards their bodies; the other four are enacted actions: conduct towards a normal‐weight person, conduct in public transportation, performing physical activity, and eating. The results show the work of these young women with obesity, the means they mobilize to live in their bodies and their considerable efforts of embodiment. Recognition of this work should help to enhance their self‐esteem. Treatment and support may take this dimension of work into account and help them to become aware of the efforts they make every day.
Effect of temperature on GaRV6 accumulation and its fungal host, the conifer pathogen Gremmeniella abietina
Authors: Botella L. , Dvořák M. , Capretti P. , Luchi N. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryGremmeniella abietina RNA virus 6 (GaRV6) was studied within the European race of G. abietina. We examined 97 isolates originating from Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Italy, Montenegro, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey and the United States. According to direct specific quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) screening based on the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequence, the virus was mostly present in Spain, but it was also found at a very low concentration in three isolates from Canada, Italy and Finland. To gain insight into the three‐way interaction among temperature, GaRV6 and G. abietina, we performed an in vitro experiment with eight Spanish isolates (four infected and four uninfected) with four repetitions each. We assessed the virus expression (accumulation) based on the quantity of RdRp‐encoding RNA by qRT‐PCR and the G. abietina growth rate at 5, 15 and 20°C. The presence of the virus had a significant negative effect on the G. abietina growth rate, which was also significantly influenced by the temperature. However, the temperature appeared not to clearly determine the virus accumulation, and the virus accumulation did not have any influence on the growth rate of the infected G. abietina isolates. Taken together, these results suggest that the role of this virus as a relevant factor with respect to the more thermophilic nature of the Spanish population of G. abietina may be ruled out.
Recent decline of the critically endangered Plains‐wanderer (Pedionomus torquatus), and the application of a simple method for assessing its cause: major changes in grassland structure
Authors: Baker‐Gabb David , Antos Mark , Brown Geoff 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA monitored population of the critically endangered Plains‐wanderer (Pedionomus torquatus) on Victoria's Northern Plains declined by over 90% between 2010 and 2012 following an unusually wet year which led to flooding, excess grass growth and a major change in the structure of native grasslands. The Plains‐wanderer population remained very low on private land during 2013 and 2014 when dry conditions prevailed and domestic stock overgrazed most of its favoured grasslands on red soil. Numbers also remained very low on public reserves despite grassland structure gradually improving there by 2014. In 2015, the population partially recovered in some grasslands protected from overgrazing. Grassland structure is critically important for Plains‐wanderer conservation. The ‘golf ball technique’ proved to be a quick and effective method for measuring grassland structure; it offers a means of accelerating responses to habitat change because it can be easily used by land managers.
Experimental and numerical study on dynamic fracture behaviour of AISI 1045 steel for compressor crankshaft
Authors: Wu Q. G. , Chen X. D. , Fan Z. C. , Nie D. F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDynamic fracture behaviour of AISI 1045 steel for compressor crankshaft was studied by experimental and numerical methods. True stress–strain relations of the material under different strain rates were measured, and dynamic constitutive model with consideration to strain‐hardening and strain‐rate hardening was proposed. Dynamic fracture tests loaded by Hopkinson pressure bar were carried out, and fracture toughness was determined using a finite element method with the combination of ABAQUS and Zencrack software. Loading states of the specimen and determination methods of the dynamic fracture toughness were discussed. By comparing the fracture behaviours under quasi‐static and dynamic conditions, it was found that the fracture modes exhibited a transition from ductile to brittle fracture with the increasing loading rate, and the dynamic fracture toughness value was less than the quasi‐static one.
Soil water dynamics and dry‐matter production of old man saltbush‐, native grass‐ and lucerne‐based pastures in a variable summer‐dominant rainfall environment, Australia
Authors: Murphy S. R. , Boschma S. P. , Harden S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn a summer‐dominant high‐rainfall, yet seasonally dry environment, soil water dynamics and dry‐matter (DM) production were monitored during 2006–12, for three perennial pasture types: old man saltbush (Atriplex nummularia ssp. nummularia with native grass), native grass (Bothriochloa macra and Rytidosperma bipartita dominant) and lucerne (Medicago sativa cv. Venus). Plant root depth of the old man saltbush pasture (1·5 m) was greater than that of native grass (1·2 m), but equal to that of lucerne (1·5 m), resulting in equivalent levels of maximum extractable water (MEW; mm, 0–1·7 m) for saltbush and lucerne in five of the six seasons. Lucerne (MEW 242 mm) extracted more soil water than native grass (144 mm), but was similar to old man saltbush (205 mm). In the second year of growth, both the lucerne and old man saltbush pastures achieved their maximum yields of 16·8 and 7·9 t DM ha−1 respectively, but thereafter declined. The decline in yield of lucerne in later years was associated with a significantly lower plant frequency and increase in proportion of weeds. The decline in yield of old man saltbush appeared to be associated with an increasingly dry soil profile, despite receiving rainfall that was above average. The yield of the native grass pasture increased during the study as the proportion of weeds declined, and the presence of saltbush plants did not compromise the yield of perennial grasses in the inter‐row spaces. The implications of these findings for livestock production systems in this environment are discussed.
Maternal fatty acid intake during pregnancy and the development of childhood overweight: a birth cohort study
Authors: Hakola L. , Takkinen H‐M. , Niinistö S. , Ahonen S. , Erlund I. , Rautanen J. , Veijola R. , Ilonen J. , Toppari J. , Knip M. , Virtanen S. M. , Lehtinen‐Jacks S. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundMaternal diet during pregnancy may contribute to the risk of offspring adiposity.ObjectivesThe objective of the study is to explore the associations between maternal antenatal dietary fatty acid intake and the risk of offspring overweight and obesity at the ages of 2 to 7 years.MethodsIn a prospective Finnish birth cohort with 3807 mother–child pairs, maternal diet in late pregnancy was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Intakes of total fatty acids and individual saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were calculated. Generalized estimating equation models were used to study the associations of maternal dietary variables with repeatedly measured offspring overweight and obesity.ResultsIn girls, maternal intake ratio of n‐6:n‐3 PUFAs had a U‐shaped association with obesity (adjusted OR for the lowest 2.0 [95% CI 1.27–3.20] and the highest 1.7 [1.03–2.73] vs. the two middle quartiles of n‐6:n‐3 PUFAs, p = 0.01). In boys, arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6): docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid ratio was associated with obesity (adjusted OR for the lowest 1.0 [0.60–1.57] and the highest 0.5 [0.26–0.88] vs. the two middle quartiles, p = 0.02). Saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were not associated with overweight or obesity in either sex.ConclusionsMaternal intakes of PUFAs in late pregnancy were associated with risk of later obesity differently in girls and boys.
Patterns of expressed emotion in adolescent eating disorders
Authors: Rienecke Renee D. , Sim Leslie , Lock James , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThis goal of this study was to understand the patterns of expressed emotions (EEs) in adolescent eating disorders. As such, this study compared EE among families of adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and a psychiatric control group, major depressive disorder (MDD). This study also examined the influence of family status (intact vs. nonintact) and the presence of siblings on EE.MethodsTwo‐hundred and fifteen adolescents (ages 12–19) and their families were recruited for this study including 121 adolescents with AN, 54 adolescents with BN, and 40 adolescents with MDD. Adolescents with at least one parent completed the Standardized Clinical Family Interview. Adolescents completed structured diagnostic interviews to assess eligibility for the study, as well as a standardized questionnaire to assess depression.ResultsAnalyses revealed that fathers showed higher levels of critical comments to adolescents with BN or MDD than those with AN, whereas mothers made more critical comments toward patients with BN. Mothers made the least number of positive remarks toward patients with MDD. In terms of the influence of family status, fathers from intact families showed more expressions of warmth and were less critical than fathers from nonintact families, whereas mothers from intact families were less critical but also made fewer positive remarks than mothers from nonintact families. The presence of siblings appeared to reduce mothers’ expression of warmth and emotional overinvolvement.ConclusionsUnique patterns of EE were found to characterize AN, BN, and MDD. Family status and the presence of siblings exert an influence on EE that should be taken into consideration in future research.
Sound Body Sound Mind? Physical Performance and the Risk of Dementia in the Oldest‐Old: The 90+ Study
Authors: Bullain Szofia S. , Corrada Maria M. , Perry Shawna M. , Kawas Claudia H. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal association between physical performance and risk of dementia in individuals aged 90 and older without dementia.DesignPopulation‐based longitudinal study.SettingsThe 90+ Study, Laguna Woods, California.ParticipantsMen n = 176 and women n = 402 without dementia from The 90+ Study (n = 578, mean age 93.3). At baseline, 54% of participants were cognitively normal, and 46% had cognitive impairment, no dementia.MeasurementsPhysical performance measures (4‐m walk, 5 chair stands, handgrip, standing balance) were scored from 0 (unable to perform) to 4 (best performance). The outcome was dementia, diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria. Hazard ratios (HRs) for dementia in relation to baseline physical performance were estimated using Cox regression after adjustment for potential confounders. HRs and P‐values for the overall Wald chi‐square are reported to show the magnitude of each physical performance measure and the strength of the association between each measure and incident dementia.ResultsPoor physical performance in most measures was associated with greater risk of incident dementia over a mean follow‐up of 2.6 years (range 0.6–9.0 years). After controlling for potential confounders, standing balance had the strongest association with incident dementia (HRs = 1.9–2.5, overall P = .02), followed by 4‐m walk (HRs = 1.1–1.8, overall P = .04) and handgrip (HRs = 1.0–2.0, overall P = .03). The association with five chair stands was not significant. In a subanalysis limited to cognitively normal participants, HRs were attenuated, but most remained in the same direction.ConclusionPoor physical performance is associated with risk of developing dementia over an average 2.6‐year follow‐up in the oldest‐old, indicating that poor physical performance may be an early sign of late‐age dementia.
A study on the predictors of Korean male students' intention to receive human papillomavirus vaccination
Authors: Choi Jeong Sil , Park Seungmi 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesThe objective was to survey the current state of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and the predictors of vaccination intention among Korean male students of high school (ages 15–19) and university (ages 17–27).BackgroundHuman papillomavirus is a sexually transmitted infectious agent causing uterine cervical, anal, and/or penile cancer and genital warts in males and females. Infection rate of human papillomavirus increases from the age when sexual intercourse first occurs. Therefore, motivation to receive human papillomavirus vaccination is needed to protect infection.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive survey was performed only in male students. They are less aware of human papillomavirus than females, because human papillomavirus vaccination has been targeted on females for preventing cervical cancer in Korea.MethodsData were collected using a self‐reporting questionnaire for male high school and university students sampled from a city in Korea. Human papillomavirus vaccine‐related knowledge, health beliefs, demographic, and sexual history information variables relating to intentions to vaccinate were assessed.ResultsThe human papillomavirus vaccination rate was very low and the levels of knowledge and health beliefs were low. The significant predictors that raised the intention of human papillomavirus vaccination were a university student, experience of sexual intercourse and perceiving the benefits of human papillomavirus vaccination.ConclusionsTo promote human papillomavirus vaccination, educational programming targeting males should include health beliefs and knowledge, emphasising that vaccination is important to prevent uterine cervical cancer and to role as a preventative measure against common male diseases.Relevance to clinical practiceMale high school students should be included as a major target population for school human papillomavirus education programmes, as they are at the age of commencing sexual intercourse. In addition, public health policies including human papillomavirus vaccination in the national immunisation programme are warranted.
Tolerance to oxidative stress is required for maximal xylem colonization by the xylem‐limited bacterial phytopathogen, Xylella fastidiosa
Authors: Wang Peng , Lee Yunho , Igo Michele M. , Roper M. Caroline 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBacterial plant pathogens often encounter reactive oxygen species (ROS) during host invasion. In foliar bacterial pathogens, multiple regulatory proteins are involved in the sensing of oxidative stress and the activation of the expression of antioxidant genes. However, it is unclear whether xylem‐limited bacteria, such as Xylella fastidiosa, experience oxidative stress during the colonization of plants. Examination of the X. fastidiosa genome uncovered only one homologue of oxidative stress regulatory proteins, OxyR. Here, a knockout mutation in the X. fastidiosa oxyR gene was constructed; the resulting strain was significantly more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) relative to the wild‐type. In addition, during early stages of grapevine infection, the survival rate was 1000‐fold lower for the oxyR mutant than for the wild‐type. This supports the hypothesis that grapevine xylem represents an oxidative environment and that X. fastidiosa must overcome this challenge to achieve maximal xylem colonization. Finally, the oxyR mutant exhibited reduced surface attachment and cell–cell aggregation and was defective in biofilm maturation, suggesting that ROS could be a potential environmental cue stimulating biofilm development during the early stages of host colonization.
A MATHEMATICAL REVIEW OF RESILIENCE IN ECOLOGY
Authors: MEYER KATHERINE 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRising interest in the resilience of ecological systems has spawned diverse interpretations of the term's precise meaning, particularly in the context of resilience quantification. The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first aim is to use the language of dynamical systems to organize and scrutinize existing resilience definitions within a unified framework. The second aim is to provide an introduction for mathematicians to the ecological concept of resilience, a potential area for expanded quantitative research. To frame the discussion of resilience in dynamical systems terms, a model consisting of ordinary differential equations is assumed to represent the ecological system. The question “resilience of what to what?” posed by Carpenter et al. [2001] informs two broad categories of definitions, based on resilience to state variable perturbations and to parameter changes, respectively. Definitions of resilience to state variable perturbations include measures of basin size (relevant to one‐time perturbations) and basin steepness (relevant to repeated perturbations). Resilience to parameter changes has been quantified by viewing parameters as state variables but has also considered the reversibility of parameter shifts. Quantifying this reversibility and fully describing how recovery rates determine resilience to repeated state‐space perturbations emerge as two opportunities for mathematics research.
Altered resting‐state functional organization within the central executive network in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Chen Yunhui , Meng Xin , Hu Qiang , Cui Hongsheng , Ding Yongzhuo , Kang Lu , Juhás Michal , Greenshaw Andrew J. , Zhao Ameng , Wang Yuhua , Cui Guangcheng , Li Ping 
Published: July 2016

AimObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with deficits in response inhibition and planning, which are governed by the central executive network. The objective of this study was to investigate both intra‐ and inter‐regional resting‐state connectivity within the central executive network in OCD.MethodsThirty OCD patients and 30 matched healthy controls were scanned using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The independent component analysis was used on a separate sample of healthy controls to generate the central executive network mask for the subsequent OCD analyses. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and seed‐based functional connectivity analyses were used to explore the differences between intra‐ and inter‐regional synchronized activity within the central executive network in OCD patients at rest.ResultsIncreased ReHo and functional connectivity in the key regions of the central executive network, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the angular gyrus, were found in OCD patients. Furthermore, changes in both the ReHo within the orbitofrontal cortex and the functional connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and angular gyrus were negatively correlated with OCD duration.ConclusionThe increased resting‐state functional organization within the central executive network may be related to OCD patients’ deficits in cognitive control and symptom progression.
Early Recognition of Proteus Syndrome
Authors: Rodenbeck Dorothy L. , Greyling Laura A. , Anderson John H. , Davis Loretta S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractProteus syndrome is an extremely rare mosaic condition characterized by progressive overgrowth of tissues due to a somatic activating mutation of the AKT1 gene. Distinct cutaneous features, including cerebriform connective tissue nevi, epidermal nevi, vascular malformations, and adipose abnormalities, can alert the dermatologist to the underlying condition before the onset of asymmetric skeletal overgrowth. We present a series of photographs documenting the skin and musculoskeletal changes in a patient with Proteus syndrome over the first 2 years of life to emphasize the key signs that a dermatologist can recognize to facilitate an earlier diagnosis in these patients.
Risk of Active Tuberculosis among Index Case of Householders—A Long‐Term Assessment after the Conventional Contacts Study
Authors: Puma Daniela V. , Pérez‐Quílez Olga , Roure Sílvia , Martínez‐Cuevas Octavio , Bocanegra Cristina , Feijoo‐Cid Maria , Valerio Lluís 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence of active tuberculosis (TB) among household contacts of TB‐index cases diagnosed during a 7‐year period in a public Primary Care Center located in a high‐incidence area.Design and SampleA retrospective cohort study was performed. Data collection was based on the capture‐recapture method; the two main sources crossed information from TB‐index and contact cases from the El Fondo Primary Care Center (Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain) and their reports to the National Epidemiologic Surveillance Service.MeasuresVariables were divided into demographic and health data (result of the Mantoux test, chest X‐ray, presence of risk factors, and indication for chemoprophylaxis).ResultsCommunity nurses identified 103 household contacts that underwent the conventional contact study. Overall, 60.19% were male; the mean age was 29.08 years. Only one case of secondary active TB was found, representing an incidence of 0.56% per TB‐index case and year.ConclusionThe incidence of new secondary TB among household contacts with TB‐index cases was of a case. Nevertheless, a long‐term follow‐up of these householders beyond the conventional contacts study should be considered in areas with higher incidences of TB or among specific high‐risk populations.
Pseudogapping, Parallelism, and the Scope of Focus
Authors: Thoms Gary 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper I defend a particular analysis of pseudogapping in which the focused remnant is moved by leftward A′‐movement (Jayaseelan, Gengel). Noting the superficial similarity between pseudogapping and stripping, I show that pseudogapping is much more restricted than we would expect if it were just another version of stripping, failing to apply across clause boundaries and allowing a much narrower range of remnants. I provide an analysis of these restrictions in terms of Parallelism, arguing that the difference between pseudogapping and stripping is keyed to the different ways in which their correlates may take scope. The proposal accounts for the exceptional behavior of pseudogapping in comparatives, and it leads us to the conclusion that there exists a set of movement operations that occur only in the context of ellipsis.