bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low FoxG1 and high Olig‐2 labelling indices define a prognostically favourable subset in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)‐mutant gliomas
Authors: Schäfer S. , Behling F. , Skardelly M. , Koch M. , Ott I. , Paulsen F. , Tabatabai G. , Schittenhelm J. 
Published: October 2017

AimsPrevious data suggest that expression of transcription factors FoxG1 and Olig‐2 can separate hotspot histone H3 family member 3A (H3F3A)‐mutant tumours in paediatric glioma. We evaluated their prognostic potential and feasibility for identifying H3F3A‐mutant tumours among IDH‐mutant/wild‐type gliomas.MethodsImmunohistochemistry of FoxG1/Olig‐2 and α‐thalassaemia/mental‐retardation‐syndrome‐X‐linked gene (ATRX) in 471 cases of diffuse gliomas and molecular determination of IDH, H3F3A, MGMT and 1p/19 codeletion status.ResultsMean percentage of FoxG1‐positive tumour cells increased from 17% in WHO grade II to over 21% in grade III to 37% in grade IV tumours, whereas mean Olig‐2 indices decreased from 29% to 28% to 17% respectively. FoxG1 indices were similar in astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumours, whereas Olig‐2 indices were increased in oligodendrogliomas compared to astrocytic tumours (n = 451, P < 0.0001). FoxG1‐positive nuclei were significantly reduced in IDH and H3F3A K27‐mutant tumours, whereas Olig‐2‐positive nuclei were significantly reduced in IDH‐wild‐type and H3F3A G34‐mutant tumours. Among IDH‐mutant tumours, mean Olig‐2 index was significantly higher in 1p/19q codeleted tumours (mean: 43%) compared to IDH‐mutant tumours with ATRX loss (mean: 23%, P < 0.0001). A significantly better outcome was first suggested for FoxG1low tumours (n = 212, log rank P = 0.0132) and Olig‐2high tumours (n = 203, log‐rank P = 0.0011) based on classification and regression tree determined cutoffs, but this was not confirmed by multivariate analysis including IDH mutation, WHO grade, ATRX status and age.ConclusionsWhile the combined FoxG1/Olig‐2 profile may discriminate H3F3A K27‐ and G34‐mutant tumours and define a prognostically favourable subset in IDH‐mutant gliomas, our data show that labelling indices of these transcription factors overlap with adult IDH‐mutant and wild‐type tumour classes.
Rapid weight gain during infancy and subsequent adiposity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of evidence
Authors: Zheng M. , Lamb K. E. , Grimes C. , Laws R. , Bolton K. , Ong K. K. , Campbell K. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe contribution of rapid weight gain (RWG) during infancy to later adiposity has received considerable investigation. The present systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to update the literature on association between RWG and subsequent adiposity outcomes. Electronic searches were undertaken in EMBASE, MEDLINE, psycINFO, PubMed and ScienceDirect. Studies that examined the associations between RWG (a change in weight z‐scores > 0.67) during infancy (from birth to age 2 years) and subsequent adiposity outcomes were included. Random effects meta‐analysis was conducted to obtain the weighted‐pooled estimates of the odds of overweight/obesity for those with RWG. Seventeen studies were eligible for inclusion with the majority of studies (15/17) being of high/acceptable quality and reporting positive associations between RWG during infancy and later adiposity outcomes. RWG in infancy was associated with overweight/obesity from childhood to adulthood (pooled odds ratio = 3.66, 95% confidence interval: 2.59–5.17, I2 > 75%). Subgroup analyses revealed that RWG during infancy was associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity in childhood than in adulthood, and RWG from birth to 1 year was associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity than RWG from birth to 2 years. The present study supports that RWG during infancy is a significant predictor of adiposity in later life.
A mandibular lesion revealing multiple myeloma
Authors: Benjelloun L. , Dghoughi S. , Taleb B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMultiple myeloma is a disease resulting from clonal proliferation of plasma cells. It is the most common primary bone malignancy. The most common clinical signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma include bone pain, fatigue, anaemia, infectious diseases and it is characterized by multiple punched‐out radiolucent lesions. Jaw lesions may be present in the advanced stages of multiple myeloma. Rarely, the oral and maxillofacial lesions can be the first manifestation of the disease. We report a rare case of a 55‐year‐old man who presented with a left mandibular swelling of a duration of 2 months. The panoramic radiograph showed a large destructive radiolucency in the left molar region and the angle of the left mandible. A biopsy was performed and revealed the diagnosis of a plasmocytoma. Further investigations of the patient revealed other osteolytic lesions in other bones, confirming the diagnosis of multiple myeloma.
Heart failure severity, inappropriate ICD therapy, and novel ICD programming: a MADIT‐RIT substudy
Authors: Daimee Usama A. , Vermilye Katherine , Rosero Spencer , Schuger Claudio D. , Daubert James P. , Zareba Wojciech , McNitt Scott , Polonsky Bronislava , Moss Arthur J. , Kutyifa Valentina 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of heart failure (HF) severity on risk of inappropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) therapy have not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to study the association between HF severity and inappropriate ICD therapy in MADIT‐RIT.MethodsMADIT‐RIT randomized 1,500 patients to three ICD programming arms: conventional (Arm A), high‐rate cut‐off (Arm B: ≥200 beats/min), and delayed therapy (Arm C: 60‐second delay for ≥170 beats/min). We evaluated the association between New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III (n = 256) versus class I–II (n = 251) and inappropriate ICD therapy in Arm A patients with ICD‐only and cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT‐D). We additionally assessed benefit of novel ICD programming in Arms B and C versus Arm A by NYHA classification.ResultsIn Arm A, the risk of inappropriate therapy was significantly higher in those with NYHA III versus NYHA I–II for both ICD (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.55, confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–4.30, P < 0.001) and CRT‐D patients (HR = 3.73, CI: 1.14–12.23, P = 0.030). This was consistent for inappropriate ATP and inappropriate ICD therapy < 200 beats/min, but not for inappropriate shocks. Novel ICD programming significantly reduced inappropriate therapy in patients with both NYHA III (Arm B vs Arm A: HR = 0.08, P < 0.001; Arm C vs Arm A: HR = 0.17, P < 0.001) and NYHA I–II (Arm B vs Arm A: HR = 0.25, P < 0.001; Arm C vs Arm A: HR = 0.28, P < 0.001).ConclusionPatients with more severe HF are at increased risk for inappropriate ICD therapy, particularly ATP due to arrhythmias < 200 beats/min. Novel programming with high‐rate cut‐off or delayed detection reduces inappropriate ICD therapies in both mild and moderate HF.
Characterization of melanosomes and melanin in Japanese patients with Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome types 1, 4, 6, and 9
Authors: Okamura Ken , Abe Yuko , Araki Yuta , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Seishima Mariko , Umetsu Takafumi , Kato Atsushi , Kawaguchi Masakazu , Hayashi Masahiro , Hozumi Yutaka , Suzuki Tamio 
Published: October 2017

SummaryHermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), a bleeding tendency, and ceroid deposition. Most of the causative genes for HPS encode subunits of the biogenesis of lysosome‐related organelles complex (BLOC). In this study, we identified one patient each with HPS4, HPS6, and HPS9 by whole‐exome sequencing. Next, we analyzed hair samples from the three patients and representative patients with HPS1 and controls using electron microscopy and chemical methods. All HPS patients had fewer, smaller, and more immature melanosomes than healthy controls. Further, all patients showed reduced total melanin content and increased levels of benzothiazine‐type pheomelanin. The results of this study demonstrate the impact of the dysfunctions of BLOCs on the maturation of melanosomes and melanin levels and composition through analysis of their hair samples.
Quantitative analysis of folds by means of orthorectified photogrammetric 3D models: a case study from Mt. Catria, Northern Apennines, Italy
Authors: Corradetti Amerigo , Tavani Stefano , Russo Mario , Arbués Pau Cazo , Granado Pablo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA 3D model of a plunging meso‐scale chevron fold affecting Mesozoic limestone has been generated, scaled and oriented applying a photogrammetrically based workflow. Bedding measurements allowed extracting the statistical direction of intersection between the bedding planes (the fold's β axis), allowing for the orthorectification of the 3D model and the construction of a photo‐realistic cross section. The methodology in this contribution constitutes an innovative tool, available to all, for the accurate quantitative analysis of geological structures.
Synthesis of Pb9(PO4)6/Ag3PO4 Composite Photocatalysts with Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Guo Caiping , Song Limin , Zhang Shujuan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPb9(PO4)6/Ag3PO4 photocatalysts with different amounts of Pb9(PO4)6 were successfully synthesised by the ion exchange method. The catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer– Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT‐IS), and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectroscopy. All Pb9(PO4)6/Ag3PO4 photocatalysts show much higher photocatalytic activities than pure Ag3PO4 under visible light irradiation in the methyl‐orange (MO) decomposition. Especially, the 3.0 wt% Pb9(PO4)6/Ag3PO4 photocatalyst shows the highest photoactivity and also high stability after five cycles. The MO degradation rate during each cycle is almost maintained at 97%. Photo‐electrochemical measurement of photocatalysts verified that the enhancing photocatalytic activity was resulted from the electron‐hole pair high separation. The photocatalytic activity enhancement of Pb9(PO4)6/Ag3PO4 is closely related to , the main active oxygen species.
Pollinator‐independent orchid attracts biotic pollinators due the production of lipoidal substances
Authors: Pansarin E. R. , Bergamo P. J. , Ferreira‐Caliman M. J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Flowering plants often depend on the attraction of biotic pollinators for sexual reproduction. Consequently, the emergence and maintenance of selected floral attributes related to pollinator attraction and rewarding are driven by pollinator pressure.

In this paper we explore the effect of pollinators, rainfall, temperature and air humidity on the reproduction of a Brazilian terrestrial orchid, Cranichis candida based on data of phenology, flower resources, olfactory and visual attraction cues, pollinators and breeding system.

The flowers of C. candida are strongly protandrous and pollinated by workers of the social native bee Tetragonisca angustula. The bees collect labellar lipoidal substances (wax scales), which are transported to the nest. The lipoidal substance is composed of sterols, hydrocarbons and terpenes. The last presumably protects the bees and their nests against pathogens and other arthropods. C. candida sets fruits through biotic self‐ and cross‐pollination, and spontaneously due the action of raindrops on flowers.

Our results indicate that in C. candida, although rain‐mediated spontaneous self‐pollination happens, fructification mediated by biotic pollinations also occurs, which may result in fruit set by cross‐pollination. A mixed pollination system must result in higher genetic variability when compared to species whose fruits are produced entirely by self‐pollination. On the other hand, autogamy is a form of reproductive assurance, and has commonly evolved where pollination services are rare or absent.
Trends in Risk of Pregnancy Loss Among US Women, 1990–2011
Authors: Rossen Lauren M. , Ahrens Katherine A. , Branum Amy M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy loss can have physical and psychological consequences for women and their families. Though a previous study described an increase in the risk of self‐reported pregnancy loss from 1970 to 2000, more recent examinations from population‐based data of US women are lacking.MethodsWe used data from the 1995, 2002, 2006–2010, 2011–2015 National Survey of Family Growth on self‐reported pregnancy loss (miscarriage, stillbirth, ectopic pregnancy) among US women (15–44 years) who reported at least one pregnancy conceived during 1990–2011 that did not result in induced termination (n = 20 012 women; n = 42 526 pregnancies). Trends in the risk of self‐reported pregnancy loss and early pregnancy loss (<12 weeks) were estimated, separately, by year of pregnancy conception (limited to 1990–2011 to ensure a sufficient sample of pregnancies for each year and maternal age group) using log‐Binomial and Poisson models, adjusted for maternal‐ and pregnancy‐related factors.ResultsAmong all self‐reported pregnancies, excluding induced terminations, the risk of pregnancy loss was 19.7% and early pregnancy loss was 13.5% during 1990–2011. Risk of pregnancy loss increased by a relative 2% (rate ratio [RR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01, 1.02) per year in unadjusted models and 1% per year (RR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00, 1.02) during 1990–2011, after adjustment for maternal characteristics and pregnancy‐related factors. In general, trends were similar for early pregnancy loss.ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2011, risk of self‐reported pregnancy loss increased among US women. Further work is needed to better understand the drivers of this increase in reported pregnancy loss in the US.
Perceived stress is associated with smaller hippocampal volume in adolescence
Authors: Piccolo Luciane R. , Noble Kimberly G. ,   for the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study
Published: October 2017

AbstractPerceived stress has been associated with decreased hippocampal, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex volume, as well as decreased memory and executive functioning performance in adulthood. Parents' perceived stress has been linked to decreased hippocampal volume in young children. However, no studies have investigated the links between self‐perceived stress and brain structure or function in adolescents. Additionally, findings from previous research with younger or older samples are inconsistent, likely in part due to inconsistencies in participants' age range. In this study, we investigated the associations among self‐perceived stress, family socioeconomic factors (family income, parental education), subcortical (hippocampus, amygdala) volumes, prefrontal cortical thickness and surface area, and memory and executive functioning performance in adolescents. One hundred and forty‐three participants (12–20 years old) were administered a cognitive battery, a questionnaire to assess perceived stress, and a structural MRI scan. Higher levels of perceived stress were associated with decreased adolescent hippocampal volume. This study provides empirical evidence of how experience may shape brain development in adolescence—a period of plasticity during which it may be possible to intervene and prevent negative developmental outcomes.
Recent developments in aquaculture of Palmaria palmata (Linnaeus) (Weber & Mohr 1805): cultivation and uses
Authors: Grote Britta 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis review summarizes the recent literature on the biology, cultivation techniques and uses of the red seaweed Palmaria palmata ((Linnaeus) Weber & Mohr 1805). The paper covers its distribution, appearance and life cycle, the state of the art cultivation techniques for spore release and seeding, and the culture of meristematic fragments of fronds harvested from natural populations. Furthermore, culture conditions for P. palmata sporelings and gametophytes and set‐ups of tank and open sea culture are presented. For tank culture, relatively high irradiance and frequent seawater exchange to supply carbon dioxide and nutrients are the most important parameters. In open sea culture, site selection and system design play an important role. Land‐based culture has the advantage that optimum culture conditions can be applied and quality‐controlled, whereas nearshore cultivation is less costly and labour intensive. In addition, the bioremediation potential and the use of P. palmata in integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) are discussed. More research is needed to investigate bioremediation potential of different P. palmata strains. Recent developments in uses of P. palmata as food supplement, source of bioactive compounds, animal feed and compound for biofuels are presented. Finally, the possibilities of cultivation of P. palmata enhance the prospects for the expansion of the cultivation of this seaweed. However, future research is needed regarding balance of culture conditions, costs and biomass in land‐based tank culture and in terms of site selection, system design, maintenance and harvest techniques in sea cultivation to establish a commercialization of the aquaculture of this species in Europe.
PIWIs, piRNAs and Retrotransposons: Complex battles during reprogramming in gametes and early embryos
Authors: Russell SJ , Stalker L , LaMarre J 
Published: October 2017

ContentsGamete and embryo development are indispensable processes for successful reproduction. Cells involved in these processes acquire pluripotency, the ability to differentiate into multiple different cell types, through a series of events known as reprogramming that lead to profound changes in histone and DNA methylation. While essential for pluripotency, this epigenetic remodelling removes constraints that normally limit the expression of genomic sequences known as transposable elements (TEs). Unconstrained TE expression can lead to many deleterious consequences including infertility, so organisms have evolved complex and potent mechanistic arsenals to target and suppress TE expression during reprogramming. This review will focus on the control of transposable elements in gametes and embryos, and one important TE suppressing system known as the PIWI pathway. This broadly conserved, small RNA‐targeted silencing mechanism appears critical for fertility in many species and may participate in multiple aspects of gene regulation in reproduction and other contexts.
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation during in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes (Bos taurus) helps to preserve oocyte integrity after vitrification
Authors: Ruiz‐Conca M , Vendrell M , Sabés‐Alsina M , Mogas T , Lopez‐Bejar M 
Published: October 2017

ContentsOocyte vitrification causes less cell stress than slow cooling, but cytoskeletal and spindle alterations may occur affecting the oocyte competence. In vitro maturation (IVM) supplementation with different antioxidant molecules has been performed to attenuate this harmful stress. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation has previously shown to have positive effects in bovine and mouse in vitro embryo development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CoQ10 during bovine oocyte IVM and vitrification. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) (n = 311) were cultured under standard maturation conditions with 0 μM (control), 25 μM and 50 μM CoQ10 supplementation. After 22 hr, a cohort of 170 oocytes both from the control and from CoQ10‐supplemented groups were vitrified, warmed and returned to incubation until 24 hr of maturation, while the rest of the oocytes (n = 141) remained fresh. Then, oocyte survival was assessed morphologically by stereomicroscopy. Oocytes from all groups were then fixed and stained for assessing cortical granules (CG) migration and nuclear stage. High rates of oocyte MII progression and appropriate CG migration as a continuous layer beneath the plasma membrane were obtained both in control and in CoQ10 groups. Results showed that although vitrification has great impact in survival of IVM bovine oocytes, 50 μM CoQ10 supplementation significantly improved oocyte survival (p = .045) and reduced the premature CG exocytosis, helping to preserve the CG migration pattern (31.3% control vs. 54.5% in 50 μM CoQ10; p = .039), attenuating the negative effects of vitrification.
Disease burden of mild asthma in China
Authors: Ding Bo , Small Mark 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe impact, treatment patterns and control of mild asthma are poorly understood for Chinese patients. This study describes the characteristics, therapeutic interventions and burden of mild asthma on patients residing in major cities of China.MethodsThe Respiratory Disease Specific Program 2015, a cross‐sectional survey, was conducted with Chinese physicians and their patients. The survey assessed clinical characteristics, asthma symptoms, exacerbations, rescue inhaler usage, treatment adherence, asthma control, work and activity impairments and healthcare utilization for patients prescribed Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Step 1 or 2 treatment defined mild asthma.ResultsFrom a total sample of 988 patients, 229 patients met the criteria for mild asthma, with 25.3% classified as Step 1 and 74.7% as Step 2. Overall, 12.6% of patients were considered of high adherence to prescribed treatment. Physicians reported that 75% of patients overall were well controlled, although well‐controlled asthma as defined by GINA was achieved in only 14.2% of patients. 26.5% of patients indicated daily use of as‐needed rescue medication in the last 4 weeks. 17.8% of patients experienced ≥1 exacerbations in the last 12 months and impaired work productivity was 27.2% overall.ConclusionLess than 15% of patients were well controlled according to GINA criteria despite physicians reporting the majority of patients were well controlled. Over one‐fourth of patients relied on daily rescue inhaler medication, while exacerbation frequency and work and activity impairment were higher than might reasonably be expected in a mild asthmatic population.
MERS, SARS and other coronaviruses as causes of pneumonia
Authors: Yin Yudong , Wunderink Richard G. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTHuman coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been considered to be relatively harmless respiratory pathogens in the past. However, after the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and emergence of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), HCoVs have received worldwide attention as important pathogens in respiratory tract infection. This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics among SARS‐coronaviruses (CoV), MERS‐CoV and other HCoV infections.
Consumption dynamics and inequality of opportunity with an application to Uganda
Authors: Brunori Paolo , Palmisano Flaviana , Peragine Vito 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes the adoption of an opportunity egalitarian perspective to assess and compare growth processes and their distributional implications. To this aim, a set of graphical tools are introduced that allow one to evaluate the role of growth and recessions in the evolution of individuals’ opportunities over time. These tools satisfy the ex post principle of equality of opportunity and represent an extension of the “opportunity growth incidence curve,” a framework proposed by the literature to evaluate growth according to the ex ante principle of equality of opportunity. This measurement framework is applied to evaluate the economic dynamic between 2009 and 2011 in Uganda. The results show that despite a reduction in the real value of household consumption and a surge in outcome inequality, its effects appear to be less dramatic when the ex post equality of opportunity perspective is invoked.