bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic radiosurgery of prostate cancer – dose distribution for VMAT and CyberKnife techniques
Authors: Ślosarek Krzysztof , Osewski Wojciech , Grządziel Aleksandra , Stąpór-Fudzińska Małgorzata , Szlag Marta 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
New capabilities of biomedical accelerators allow for very precise depositing of the radiation dose and imaging verification during the therapy. In addition, computer algorithms calculating dose distributions are taking into account the increasing number of physical effects. Therefore, administration of high dose fractionation, which is consistent with radiobiology used in oncology, becomes safer and safer. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), which is very precise irradiation with high dose fractionation is increasingly widespread use in radiotherapy of prostate cancer. For this purpose different biomedical accelerators are used. The aim of this study is to compare dose distributions for two techniques: VMAT and CyberKnife. Statistical analysis was performed for the two groups of patients treated by VMAT technique (25 patients), and CyberKnife technique (15 patients). The analysis shows that the dose distributions are comparable, both in the treated area (prostate) and in the critical organs (rectum, urinary bladder, femoral heads). The results show that stereotactic radiosurgery of prostate cancer can be carried out on CyberKnife accelerator as well as on the classical accelerator with the use of VMAT technique.
Experimental investigation on radiation shielding of high performance concrete for nuclear and radiotherapy facilities
Authors: Domański Szymon , Gryziński Michał A. , Maciak Maciej , Murawski Łukasz , Tulik Piotr , Tymińska Katarzyna 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This paper presents the set of procedures developed in Radiation Protection Measurements Laboratory at National Centre for Nuclear Research for evaluation of shielding properties of high performance concrete. The purpose of such procedure is to characterize the material behaviour against gamma and neutron radiation. The range of the densities of the concrete specimens was from 2300 to 3900 kg/m3. The shielding properties against photons were evaluated using 137Cs and 60Co sources. The neutron radiation measurements have been performed by measuring the transmitted radiation from 239PuBe source. Scattered neutron radiation has been evaluated using the shadow cone technique. A set up of ionization chambers was used during all experiments. The gamma dose was measured using C-CO2 ionization chamber. The neutron dose was evaluated with recombination chamber of REM-2 type with appropriate recombination method applied. The method to distinguish gamma and neutron absorbed dose components in mixed radiation fields using twin detector method was presented. Also, recombination microdosimetric method was applied for the obtained results. Procedures to establish consecutive half value layers and tenth value layers (HVL and TVL) for gamma and neutron radiation were presented. Measured HVL and TVL values were linked with concrete density to highlight well known dependence. Also, influence of specific admixtures to concrete on neutron attenuation properties was studied. The results confirmed the feasibility of approach for the radiation shielding investigations.
Salivary neopterin concentrations in patients with cancer of the oral cavity
Authors: Pink Richard , Melichar Bohuslav , Tomandl Josef , Blažková Lenka , Tvrdý Peter , Zapletalová Jana 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Tumors of the oral cavity are relatively common malignancies with a poor prognosis. Use of both prognostic and predictive biomarkers in saliva represents one approach to improve the management of patients with these cancers. The aim of the present study was to measure salivary neopterin concentrations before and after surgery in patients with oropharyngeal cancer to assess potential use as a biomarker in clinical practice. Salivary neopterin concentration was determined before and after surgery in 16 patients treated for oropharyngeal cancer and compared with 15 healthy volunteers. Salivary neopterin concentrations were significantly higher in patients before surgery compared to the healthy controls. After the surgery, neopterin concentrations decreased significantly, and concentrations in patients and controls were comparable. A significant correlation was observed between the sum of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs values and salivary neopterin concentrations. In conclusion, tumor removal results in significant decrease of salivary neopterin concentrations. The use of salivary neopterin in diagnosis is compounded by an association with periodontal disease.
Agility in Young Athletes: Is It a Different Ability From Speed and Power?
Authors: Negra Yassine , Chaabene Helmi , Hammami Mehréz , Amara Samiha , Sammoud Senda , Mkaouer Bessem , Hachana Younés 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Negra, Y, Chaabene, H, Hammami, M, Amara, S, Sammoud, S, Mkaouer, B, and Hachana, Y. Agility in young athletes: is it a different ability from speed and power? J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 727–735, 2017—Agility is an important physical attribute for successful participation in team sports events. Illinois agility test (IAT) and T-test have been widely used within adult team sports players to assess agility performance. The purposes of this investigation are (a) to study the reliability and the sensitivity of both IAT and T-test scores and (b) to explore to what extend the agility is an independent physical ability from speed time and jumping ability. Competitive-level young soccer (n = 95) and handball players (n = 92) participated in this study (i.e., approximately 12 years old). Reliability analyses were established by determining intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC(3,1)) and typical error of measurement (TEM). The sensitivity of agility tests was revealed by comparing TEM to the value of the smallest worthwhile change (SWC). The second aim was examined by means of the principal component analysis. Results revealed that the scores of both IAT and T-test showed a high reliability (all ICC(3,1) > 0.90 and TEM < 5%) and sensitivity (all TEM < SWC). Principal component analysis resulted in one significant component for the soccer and handball group each that explained 72.18 and 80.16% of the total variance, respectively. Significant relationships were recorded between all the selected tests (r = −0.72 to 0.85, p < 0.001). Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that both IAT and T-test provided reliable and sensitive scores. Therefore, these tests could be strongly recommended to evaluate agility within young male competitive-level team sports athletes. In addition, it seems that agility, speed time, and jumping ability assess the same physical attribute in young competitive-level team sports players.
Optimal Load and Power Spectrum During Jerk and Back Jerk in Competitive Weightlifters
Authors: Flores Francisco Javier , Sedano Silvia , Redondo Juan C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Flores, FJ, Sedano, S, and Redondo, JC. Optimal load and power spectrum during jerk and back jerk in competitive weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 809–816, 2017—Although the ability to develop high levels of power is considered as a key component of success in many sporting activities, the optimal load (Pmax load) that maximizes power output (Pmax) remains controversial mainly during weightlifting movements. The aim of the present study was to determine Pmax load and optimal power spectrum (OPS) required to elicit Pmax by comparing jerk and back jerk exercises in competitive weightlifters. Thirteen male competitive weightlifters participated in 2 testing sessions. The first session involved performing one repetition maximum (1RM) in the back jerk and jerk and the second session assessed a power test across a spectrum of loads (30–90%) of each subject's 1RM in the predetermined exercises tested. Relative load had a significant effect on peak power, with Pmax load being obtained at 90% of the subjects' 1RM in both exercises assessed. There was no significant difference between the power outputs at 80% of 1RM compared with 90% of 1RM. Furthermore, Pmax load and OPS were the same for jerk and back jerk, whereas peak power in the back jerk demonstrated no significant increases in every load of the power-load curve. We can conclude that it may be advantageous to use loads equivalent to 80–90% of the 1RM in jerk and back jerk in competitive weightlifters when training to maximize power.
Performance Modeling: A System-Based Approach to Exercise Selection
Authors: Read Paul J. , Bishop Chris , Brazier Jon , Turner Anthony N. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
IN THE PROCESS OF DESIGNING PROGRAMS FOR ATHLETES, OFTEN STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES DO NOT DEVELOP AN APPROPRIATE SYSTEM WHICH IS INTEGRATED WITH THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SPECIFIED PERFORMANCE GOALS. THE SYSTEM OF PERFORMANCE MODELING PROMOTES THE DESIGN OF TRAINING PROGRAMS WHICH USE A CLEAR SYSTEM OF ANALYSIS, TESTING, AND EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION, WHICH INCREASES TRANSFER OF TRAINING AND ENHANCES SPORTS PERFORMANCE. THIS ARTICLE OUTLINES THE CONCEPT OF PERFORMANCE MODELING USING A SPORT EXAMPLE. FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS TO PROMOTE INDIVIDUALIZATION OF TRAINING PRESCRIPTION USING A PROGRESSION/REGRESSION SEQUENCE ARE ALSO SUGGESTED.
Enhancing Skill and Performance in Resistance Training
Authors: Kompf Justin 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
ENHANCED MUSCULAR STRENGTH IS BENEFICIAL TO ATHLETES BECAUSE OF IMPROVED RATE OF FORCE DEVELOPMENT. FOR ATHLETES TO PROGRESS IN RESISTANCE TRAINING, IT IS OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE THAT PROPER FORM IS TAUGHT. THERE ARE MANY ASPECTS OF WEIGHT LIFTING THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE. HAVING PROPER FORM IS ONE OF THESE ASPECTS. IT IS THE COACH'S JOB TO TEACH RESISTANCE TRAINING EXERCISES THAT REQUIRE SKILL AND ALSO TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE FOR THE EXERCISES THEY ARE TEACHING. THIS REVIEW COVERS EXERCISE SELECTION, MODELING, FOCUS OF ATTENTION, AND AUGMENTED FEEDBACK FOR THE SPORT AND PERFORMANCE COACH.
The Power Clean and Power Snatch From the Knee
Authors: Suchomel Timothy J. , DeWeese Brad H. , Serrano Ambrose J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
THE POWER CLEAN AND POWER SNATCH FROM THE KNEE CAN BE USED IN THE TEACHING PROGRESSION OF THE CLEAN AND SNATCH EXERCISES BECAUSE THEY EMPHASIZE POSITIONAL STRENGTH DURING THE TRANSITION PHASE, USE THE DOUBLE KNEE BEND TECHNIQUE, AND TRAIN THE TRIPLE EXTENSION OF THE HIP, KNEE, AND ANKLE JOINTS.
IgG4-related hypophysitis presenting as diabetes insipidus with tubulo-interstital nephritis and mediastinal lymphadenopathy
Authors: Patel Rayna , Mustafa Waheed , Sheaff Michael T , Khan Sami 
Published: July 2016

Summary
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare but increasingly recognised condition, emerging as a clinical entity following the observation of the associations of autoimmune pancreatitis. IgG4-RD is characterised by extensive infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells into multiple organs and raised serum IgG4 levels. Clinical manifestations of IgG4 disease classically include autoimmune pancreatitis, lacrimal or salivary gland infiltration (formerly known as Mikulicz disease) and retroperitoneal fibrosis. More rarely, IgG4 disease can cause pituitary hypophysitis. Although most frequently described in middle-aged males, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the disease remain largely undefined. Nevertheless, an understanding of the wide variety of clinical manifestations of this multi-system condition is undeniably important given the often excellent outcomes following treatment. We describe an unusual presentation of IgG4 disease with isolated diabetes insipidus secondary to pituitary hypophysitis. The patient in question subsequently developed chest pain secondary to mediastinal lymphadenopathy and tubulo-interstitial nephritis leading to renal dysfunction. He was successfully treated with oral steroids and had regular follow-up, and remains well at follow-up 2 years later.

Learning points

IgG4 disease, although rare, is increasing in prevalence largely due to increased recognition of its clinical manifestations, including autoimmune pancreatitis, lacrimal or salivary gland infiltration, retroperitoneal fibrosis and, more rarely, lymphocytic hypophysitis presenting as diabetes insipidus.
IgG4 disease is highly treatable, and symptoms may show complete resolution with administration of steroids, highlighting the importance of correct and timely diagnosis.
Causes of lymphocytic hypophysitis are varied and not distinguishable radiologically. Given the difficulty in biopsying the pituitary, careful attention must be paid to the systemic clinical presentation to provide clues as to the underlying disorder.
Plasma exchange in the treatment of thyroid storm secondary to type II amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Zhu Ling , Zainudin Sueziani Binte , Kaushik Manish , Khor Li Yan , Chng Chiaw Ling 
Published: July 2016

Summary
Type II amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is an uncommon cause of thyroid storm. Due to the rarity of the condition, little is known about the role of plasma exchange in the treatment of severe AIT. A 56-year-old male presented with thyroid storm 2months following cessation of amiodarone. Despite conventional treatment, his condition deteriorated. He underwent two cycles of plasma exchange, which successfully controlled the severe hyperthyroidism. The thyroid hormone levels continued to fall up to 10h following plasma exchange. He subsequently underwent emergency total thyroidectomy and the histology of thyroid gland confirmed type II AIT. Management of thyroid storm secondary to type II AIT can be challenging as patients may not respond to conventional treatments, and thyroid storm may be more harmful in AIT patients owing to the underlying cardiac disease. If used appropriately, plasma exchange can effectively reduce circulating hormones, to allow stabilisation of patients in preparation for emergency thyroidectomy.

Learning points

Type II AIT is an uncommon cause of thyroid storm and may not respond well to conventional thyroid storm treatment.
Prompt diagnosis and therapy are important, as patients may deteriorate rapidly.
Plasma exchange can be used as an effective bridging therapy to emergency thyroidectomy.
This case shows that in type II AIT, each cycle of plasma exchange can potentially lower free triiodothyronine levels for 10h.
Important factors to consider when planning plasma exchange as a treatment for thyroid storm include timing of each session, type of exchange fluid to be used and timing of surgery.
Back to the Future: Mutant Hunts Are Still the Way To Go
Authors: Winston Fred , Koshland Douglas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInnumerable breakthroughs in many fundamental areas of biology have come from unbiased screens and selections for mutations, either across the genome or within a gene. However, long-standing hurdles to key elements of mutant hunts (mutagenesis, phenotypic characterization, and linkage of phenotype to genotype) have limited the organisms in which mutant hunts could be used. These hurdles are now being eliminated by an explosion of new technologies. We believe that a renewed emphasis on unbiased mutant hunts, in both existing model systems and in those where genetics is just now becoming feasible, will lead to new seminal discoveries and surprises.
Chromosome Duplication inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Bell Stephen P , Labib Karim 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe accurate and complete replication of genomic DNA is essential for all life. In eukaryotic cells, the assembly of the multi-enzyme replisomes that perform replication is divided into stages that occur at distinct phases of the cell cycle. Replicative DNA helicases are loaded around origins of DNA replication exclusively during G1 phase. The loaded helicases are then activated during S phase and associate with the replicative DNA polymerases and other accessory proteins. The function of the resulting replisomes is monitored by checkpoint proteins that protect arrested replisomes and inhibit new initiation when replication is inhibited. The replisome also coordinates nucleosome disassembly, assembly, and the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. Finally, when two replisomes converge they are disassembled. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have led the way in our understanding of these processes. Here, we review our increasingly molecular understanding of these events and their regulation.
El enclave urbano, lógica socioespacial de la periferia urbanizada y sus efectos sobre la segregación residencial y la fragmentación urbana
Authors: Capron Guénola , Esquivel Hernández María Teresa 
Published: July 2016

<p>La producción de las periferias metropolitanas en Latinoamérica se ha caracterizado por el desarrollo de enclaves urbanos, residenciales y comerciales. Estos enclaves abarcan tanto los grandes conjuntos urbanos de vivienda de interés social como fraccionamientos y conjuntos privados orientados a poblaciones de altos ingresos. Ambas periferias responden a razones sociales muy diferentes, pero con una misma lógica espacial: la del enclave, el cual profundiza el aislamiento y la distancia social con sus entornos, generando segregación y fragmentación. En esta investigación, se pretenden rescatar los procesos sociales y espaciales de ‘enclavamiento’ o de ‘insularización’ en dos casos: una urbanización cerrada del nororiente —Zona Esmeralda— y un conjunto urbano del oriente —San Buenaventura—, ambos limítrofes de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México.</p>
Turismo urbano en contexto metropolitano: Tigre como destino turístico en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Authors: Bertoncello Rodolfo V. , Iuso Romina 
Published: July 2016

<p>Este artículo aborda el tema de las ciudades como destino turístico, específicamente, en relación con las configuraciones y dinámicas metropolitanas. Se analiza el caso de la localidad de Tigre como destino turístico que, siendo parte constitutiva del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, se oferta integrado al “destino turístico Buenos Aires”. El papel de la localidad turística en el contexto metropolitano es analizado a partir del reconocimiento de la escasez de estudios sobre el tema en esta escala. El análisis se enfoca en los procesos que desembocan en la configuración de la localidad como destino turístico, asumiendo que dicho carácter es resultado de acciones específicas, orientadas a adecuar el lugar a los requerimientos turísticos. Con esto, se cuestionan los difundidos enfoques que asumen, en forma naturalizada, la “vocación turística” de los lugares.</p>
Effects of Non-negotiated Pre-modified Input, Negotiation of Input without Output, and Negotiation of Input plus Pushed Output on EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Azizi Arash 
Published: July 2016

This experimental study investigated the comparative effects of non-negotiated pre-modified input, negotiation of input without output, and negotiation of input plus pushed output on EFL learners’ comprehension and production. Before starting the study, forty-three male and female adult students at intermediate level took the Preliminary English Test (PET) and 30 of the students who scored one standard deviation above and below the mean score in the PET were randomly assigned to three experimental groups. The whole treatment took 10 sessions and, after the treatment, two sets of tests were administered; i.e., one written and the other oral. Analysis of Variance on comprehension test and analysis of nonparametric alternative, i.e., Kruskal-Wallis test, on production test, indicated that (a) negotiation had a positive effect on the comprehension and production of targeted L2 vocabulary items and (b) negotiation of input plus pushed output did not promote production of L2 vocabulary more than negotiation of input without output. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence on the important role of negotiation in facilitating comprehension and production of targeted L2 vocabulary items.
Critical Thinking Master Student Preferred Learning Aids: An Experimental Study
Authors: Gordon T. Christine , Ospina-Kammerer Veronika 
Published: July 2016

<p>Case Analysis is not new in the realm of learning, use of learning aids and assessment. Critical Thinking requires product design/course, paper completion, and research/citations in support of the student statements and specific parameters of the paper. Teaching and learning theories (inductive and deductive) and critical thinking are the benchmarks in determining the success of teaching techniques in a course. The deductive method includes a preset assessment. The “Table of Contents” structures student learning. A student’s critical thinking becomes self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored and self-corrective. Textbooks and lectures are often barriers to learning for many students. A study, of three online Master student cohort groups, was designed to test for (no) preferences of student course aids with respect to critical thinking, learning and assessment. The aids included the text, sample report paper, subject handouts, specific end of course paper preset table of contents, and group work. A survey questionnaire was administered to the cohort groups of Master of Business Administration candidates. A sample of 65 students were surveyed and 53 students responded. The course delivery format was an online setting only. </p><p>Chi Square Goodness of Fit Testing suggested that a preset Table of Contents (a list or in the shape of a tree diagram) for the course assessments, was most preferred by the responders. The five course aids (in student preferred rank order) are:</p><ol><li>Preset table of contents/tree flow diagram</li><li>Rubric/sample report</li><li>Subtopic handouts</li><li>Student sharing/group work</li><li>Textbook readings</li></ol>There was a statistically significant difference in student learning aid preferences at alpha a priori .05 percent. Many responders reported that the course aid, table of contents (tree diagram), would generally be helpful in their “follow on” courses.
An Investigation On The Dominant And Preferred Organisational Culture Construct At A Selected Higher Education Institution In South Africa
Authors: Wiseman Ndlovu , Ngirande H , Setati TS , Zaaiman JJ , Rachidi MP 
Published: July 2016

<p>The aim of the study was to investigate the dominant and preferred organisational culture at a higher education institution in South Africa and how organisational culture influences the organisational behaviour. The study employed a quantitative research design and 30 employees were randomly selected from two groups of non-academic and academic staff members of a selected school at the institution. A structured questionnaire was utilised to solicit information regarding the dominant and preferred organisational culture at the institution from the participants. The Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 2013 was used to determine the preferred and existing culture through mean scores. The results revealed that a role culture was dominant in the institution whilst employees preferred a support culture. The study further revealed that organisational culture has a significant impact on numerous organisational processes, employees as well as organisational performance. In addition, the results showed that if employees have shared norms and are supported by the organisation, they can increase their performance towards achieving overall organisational goals. Thus, from the findings, the study recommends policy makers and decision makers in organisations to adopt support culture through providing support to their employees to achieve both personal and organisational goals. </p>