bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal mask airway as a rescue device for failed endotracheal intubation during scene-to-hospital air transport of combat casualties
Authors: Shavit Itai , Aviram Eliad , Hoffmann Yoav , Biton Oded , Glassberg Elon 
Published: June 2017

Background
Advanced airway management of combat casualties during scene-to-hospital air transport is challenging. Because of the short transport time, flight physicians of the Israeli military airborne combat evacuation unit are approved for the use of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in the event of failed endotracheal intubation (ETI). The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of LMA use during scene-to-hospital transport of combat casualties in Israel.

Patients and methods
A retrospective cohort analysis of all combat casualties treated with ETI during scene-to-hospital transport over a 3-year period was carried out. Successful LMA insertion was defined as satisfactory placement of the device on the basis of adequate chest expansion with bag-mask ventilation.

Results
The median flight time from scene to hospital was 13 min [interquartile range (IQR): 9–15 min]. Sixty-five casualties underwent ETI attempts, 47 successful and 18 failed. All 18 casualties who had failed ETI underwent LMA insertion as a rescue treatment. Six casualties suffered from traumatic brain injury, six had firearm injuries, two had blast injuries, and two had inhalational injuries. LMA insertion was successful in 16/18 (88.9%) casualties, 14 survived to hospital discharge, whereas two were declared dead upon hospital arrival. Two cases of LMA insertion were unsuccessful, but patients survived to hospital discharge. Among the 16 successful cases, the median oxygen saturation on scene-pickup before LMA insertion and on hospital-handover with LMA in place were 90% (IQR: 84–96%) and 98% (IQR: 96–99%), respectively (P<0.0001, the 95% confidence interval for difference between medians was 4–11).

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that in the event of failed ETI, combat casualties can be treated effectively with LMA during a short scene-to-hospital transport time.
Techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in altered gastrointestinal anatomy
Authors: Moreels Tom G. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
This review highlights the current status of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) techniques in patients with altered anatomy. Endoscopic treatment of biliopancreatic disorders is particularly challenging in patients with altered anatomy.

Recent findings
There are two main approaches to perform ERCP in patients with altered anatomy: the transluminal access and the transmural access. The transluminal access uses device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE) to reach and cannulate the biliopancreatic system. The transmural access is created using therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or surgery to reach the biliopancreatic system. Both techniques are under continuous development and optimization.

Summary
Based on the currently available data in the literature, the transluminal access is the preferred first-line approach because of an acceptable success rate and an excellent safety profile, whereas the transmural approach may be more efficacious but with a higher complication rate, even in experienced hands. Due to the complexity of both techniques and the relative low number of procedures, patients with altered anatomy are best referred to high-volume centres where both techniques are available for optimal treatment.
Sepsis in Obstetrics
Authors: Parfitt Sheryl E. , Bogat Mary L. , Hering Sandra L. , Roth Cheryl 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In spite of many medical breakthroughs, sepsis continues to be challenging to identify, treat, and successfully resolve, including among the obstetric population. Sepsis is the result of an overactive, complex inflammatory response that is not completely understood. Currently there are no nationally agreed-upon criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis in pregnant or peripartum women, as the physiologic changes of pregnancy have not been taken into consideration.
This article is the first in a series of three that discuss the importance of sepsis and septic shock in pregnancy. The focus of this article is to understand the proposed pathophysiology of sepsis and new definitions associated with sepsis and septic shock. Knowledge of these conditions can assist in better identification of sepsis in the obstetric population.
Idiopathic Megacolon
Authors: Hlavaty Leigh , Sung LokMan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Abnormal dilation of the colon and rectum can develop from a range of disease processes. When encountered at autopsy, its contribution to death requires assessment and a thorough investigation of its origins. Elimination of known causes elicits a diagnosis of idiopathic megacolon. This entity is uncommonly encountered and presents with similar gross anatomic findings as Hirschsprung disease. Although death is infrequent, it most commonly results from disruption of the bowel wall and subsequent peritonitis. The authors report 2 rare deaths from idiopathic megacolon with retained integrity of the bowel wall. The first was a 9-year-old girl who was administered a laxative and subsequently died the following day. She expressed difficulty passing stool since birth with a marked decline at the age of 7 years. The second case was a 16-year-old adolescent girl with recent diarrhea who collapsed after showering. She, too, had a long history of chronic constipation. Years before death, her rectum and sigmoid colon were found to be dilated on x-ray for an unrelated event, but follow-up was never pursued. Cases such as these require a thorough review of the medical history and exclusion of established conditions, such as infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, and neurogenic origins.
Use of Lower-Limb Robotics to Enhance Practice and Participation in Individuals With Neurological Conditions
Authors: Jayaraman Arun , Burt Sheila , Rymer William Zev 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To review lower-limb technology currently available for people with neurological disorders, such as spinal cord injury, stroke, or other conditions. We focus on 3 emerging technologies: treadmill-based training devices, exoskeletons, and other wearable robots.

Summary of Key Points:
Efficacy for these devices remains unclear, although preliminary data indicate that specific patient populations may benefit from robotic training used with more traditional physical therapy. Potential benefits include improved lower-limb function and a more typical gait trajectory.

Statement of Conclusions:
Use of these devices is limited by insufficient data, cost, and in some cases size of the machine. However, robotic technology is likely to become more prevalent as these machines are enhanced and able to produce targeted physical rehabilitation.

Recommendations for Clinical Practice:
Therapists should be aware of these technologies as they continue to advance but understand the limitations and challenges posed with therapeutic/mobility robots.
Psychometric Properties of a Standardized Observation Protocol to Quantify Pediatric Physical Therapy Actions
Authors: Sonderer Patrizia , Akhbari Ziegler Schirin , Gressbach Oertle Barbara , Meichtry André , Hadders-Algra Mijna 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
Pediatric physical therapy (PPT) is characterized by heterogeneity. This blurs the evaluation of effective components of PPT. The Groningen Observation Protocol (GOP) was developed to quantify contents of PPT. This study assesses the reliability and completeness of the GOP.

Methods:
Sixty infant PPT sessions were video-taped. Two random samples of 10 videos were used to determine interrater and intrarater reliability using interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals. Completeness of GOP 2.0 was based on 60 videos.

Results:
Interrater reliability of quantifying PPT actions was excellent (ICC, 0.75-1.0) in 71% and sufficient to good (ICC, 0.4-0.74) in 24% of PPT actions. Intrarater reliability was excellent in 94% and sufficient to good in 6% of PPT actions. Completeness was good for greater than 90% of PPT actions.

Conclusions:
GOP 2.0 has good reliability and completeness. After appropriate training, it is a useful tool to quantify PPT for children with developmental disorders.
Developing Overhand Throwing Skills for a Child With Autism With a Collaborative Approach in School-Based Therapy
Authors: Colebourn Jennifer A. , Golub-Victor Ann C. , Paez Arsenio 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
This case report presents an interdisciplinary approach in school-based therapy, combining physical therapy and applied behavior analysis to improve the motor skills and the participation in recreational activities of a child with autism spectrum disorder.

Methods:
A 9-year-old child with autism spectrum disorder participated in a 20-week gross motor intervention designed to improve the child's overhand throwing ability, which included weekly physical therapy instruction and daily throwing trials using applied behavior analysis approaches.

Results:
The child demonstrated gains in throwing accuracy, significant gains on measures of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2, the Test of Gross Motor Development-2, and the School Function Assessment.

Conclusion:
This unique approach in school-based therapy demonstrates effective strategies for a multidisciplinary intervention to improve motor learning skills and participation in recreational activities in the school setting.
Effectiveness of Functional Power Training on Walking Ability in Young Children With Cerebral Palsy: Study Protocol of a Double-Baseline Trial
Authors: van Vulpen Liesbeth F. , de Groot Sonja , Rameckers Eugene A. A. , Becher Jules G. , Dallmeijer Annet J. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of functional high-velocity resistance (power) training to improve walking ability of young children with cerebral palsy.

Methods:
Twenty-two children with bi- or unilateral spastic cerebral palsy, Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I and II, aged 4 to 10 years will be recruited. A double-baseline design will be used to compare a 14-week functional power training (3 times a week) program with a 14-week usual care period and a 14-week follow-up period. The power exercises will be loaded and performed at 50% to 70% of the maximum unloaded speed. Load will be increased when exercises are performed faster than 70% of the unloaded speed. Primary outcomes will be sprinting capacity (15-m Muscle Power Sprint Test) and goal attainment scaling score of walking-related treatment goals. Secondary outcomes will be walking speed (1-min walk test), endurance (10-m shuttle run test), gross motor function, lower-limb strength, and parent-reported mobility.
Therapy Use for Children With Developmental Conditions: Analysis of Colorado Medicaid Data
Authors: McManus Beth M. , Rapport Mary Jane , Richardson Zachary , Lindrooth Richard 
Published: June 2017

Study Purpose:
To examine therapy use and spending for Medicaid-enrolled infants and toddlers with developmental conditions.

Methods:
Sample infants and toddlers had a diagnosis (eg, cerebral palsy) or developmental delay (DD). Colorado Children's Medicaid administrative outpatient therapy claims (2006-2008) were used to estimate differences, by condition type and number of comorbid chronic conditions (CCCs), of any physical therapy (PT)/occupational therapy (OT) and Medicaid PT/OT spending.

Results:
The sample included 20 959 children. Children with at least 2 CCCs had higher odds of PT/OT than children with no CCC. Children with DD had 12-fold higher odds of having any PT/OT compared with children with diagnosis. Children with a DD and 2 CCCs had the highest PT/OT spending.

Conclusions:
Medicaid PT/OT use and spending are higher for children with more CCCs and those with DD because children with DD receive more specialized PT/OT.
Cross-cultural Translation and Adaptation of the Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire (LAQ-CP) Into Dutch: A Brief Report
Authors: Beckers Laura , Speth Lucianne , Rameckers Eugène , Janssen-Potten Yvonne 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To produce a Dutch translation of the Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire for children with cerebral palsy (LAQ-CP), adapted for cross-cultural differences.

Methods:
The translation process consisted of 6 stages, following a guideline for cross-cultural adaptations including duplicate forward- and back-translations, expert group review, pilot-testing, and a process audit.

Results:
Several adaptations to the questionnaire were required due to cross-cultural differences. As a result of the pilot-test, the layout was adapted to the desires of the users. The process auditor stated that the process had been comprehensive and valued the quality of the work.

Conclusion:
The project resulted in a Dutch translation of the LAQ-CP, adapted for cross-cultural differences. Validation of the translated questionnaire is required before use in clinical practice and research is recommended (Dutch abstract, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/PPT/A164).
Polysaccharides from Bupleurum Induce Immune Reversal in Late Sepsis
Authors: Wang Yue-Xin , Liu Qing-yang , Zhang Mei , Yang Zhao , Pei Xin , Wu Xu , Chen Xin , Hong Jun , Xu Kai-zhi 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Bupleurum chinense, a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been used for thousands of years in China. In this study, we would suggest that Bupleurum polysaccharides (BPS) could improve the prognosis of sepsis through its impact on redistribution of BMCs, which triggers immune reversal in late sepsis.

Methods:
BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: sham burn group, burn plus P aeruginosa group, burn plus P aeruginosa with BPS (40 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 250 mg/kg) treatment group, and they were sacrificed at post-burn day (PBD) 0, 3, 5, and 7. BMCs, liver cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) were harvested. Flow cytometry was used to determine the change of phenotypes of DCs and isolate these cells. Cytometric beads array was utilized to analyze the level of inflammatory factors. Cell therapy of BMCs, liver cells, and DCs was administrated to explore the protective role of regional organ immunity.

Results:
BPS could decrease the lethality of burn sepsis in a dose-dependent fashion and increase both the percentage of CD11c-CD45RBhigh DCs in bone marrow (BM) and liver and the number of BMCs and liver cells significantly. Cell therapy of BMCs, liver cells, and CD11c-CD45RBhigh DCs at PBD7 could protect septic mice from sepsis.

Conclusion:
BPS has shown its potential in promoting the prognosis of post-burn sepsis through its effect on immune redistribution of BMCs, especially via differentiation of CD11c-CD45RBhigh DC cells in BM and nonimmune organs to induce immune reversal in late sepsis.
Age and Dyssynergia Subtypes Associated With Normal Sphincter Pressures in Women With Fecal Incontinence
Authors: James-Stevenson Toyia , Xu Huiping , Heit Michael , Shin Andrea 
Published: June 2017

Objectives
Fecal incontinence (FI) is frequently associated with low sphincter pressures, sensory abnormalities, and advanced age. Twenty-three percent of patients with FI and 22% of healthy patients demonstrate dyssynergic defecation (DD) on high-resolution anorectal manometry. Overflow incontinence occurs in some DD patients with normal resting and squeeze anal sphincter pressures. Our aim was to identify factors associated with normal sphincter pressures in women with FI.

Methods
We reviewed medical records of 134 women with FI. Patients with normal resting and squeeze anal pressures were compared with those with abnormal pressures using Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fisher exact. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with normal resting and squeeze anal pressures.

Results
Among 134 women, abnormal resting and/or squeeze pressures were identified in 113 and normal pressures were identified in 21. Women with normal sphincter pressures were younger (mean age 52.7 ± 10.8 years vs 59.0 ± 14.0 years, P = 0.036), more often had abnormal defecation indices (100% vs 83.2%, P = 0.043) and higher rectal defecation pressures (30.8 ± 18.8 mm Hg vs 50.8 ± 22.6 mm Hg, P < 0.001). There was an overall association between DD subtype and normal and abnormal sphincter pressure groups (P = 0.021). Dyssynergia subtypes I or III (odds ratio, 7.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.8–28.8) and age younger than 67 years (odds ratio, 8.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–48.6) were associated with greater odds of having normal sphincter pressures.

Conclusions
Female FI patients with normal anal sphincter pressures are younger, have higher rectal defecation pressures, and more often have type I or type III DD.
Anatomical Outcome and Patient Satisfaction After Laparoscopic Uterosacral Ligament Hysteropexy for Anterior and Apical Prolapse
Authors: Haj Yahya Rani , Chill Henry H. , Herzberg Shmuel , Asfour Alaa , Lesser Steven , Shveiky David 
Published: June 2017

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine anatomical and clinical cure, as well as patient satisfaction in uterine-preserving laparoscopic uterosacral ligament suspension (LUSLS) in women with anterior and apical prolapse.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study including all women who underwent LUSLS for anterior and apical prolapse between January 2012 and December 2015 at a tertiary-care university hospital. All women had LUSLS hysteropexy and anterior colporrhaphy. Pre- and postoperative pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) measurements were taken. Prolapse symptoms were queried via standardized history. Patient satisfaction was measured by the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I).

Results
Fifty-three women underwent the procedure during the study period. Follow-up data were available for 48 women. The mean preoperative POP-Q Ba point was 2.7 ± 1.6 and C point was −0.8 ± 2.8. At a mean follow-up of 17.5 ± 16.0 months with a median of 12 months (range, 1–54 months), there was a significant improvement of POP-Q points Ba, C, and Bp (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Anatomical cure, defined as no prolapse of any POP-Q point at or below 1 cm above the hymen (−1), was 85.4%. Clinical cure, defined as a composite outcome of no prolapse outside the hymen, C point above total vaginal length/2, no prolapse symptoms, and no need for further treatment, was 95.8%. At a mean of 22.2 ± 12.4 months postoperatively, patient satisfaction was high, with 95.5% stating their condition was very much better (PGI-I-A) or much better (PGI-I-B).

Conclusion
Laparoscopic uterosacral ligament suspension is a valid uterine-preserving option for women with anterior and apical prolapse, with high anatomical and clinical cure rates and patient satisfaction.
The UK National Registry of ABO and HLA Antibody Incompatible Renal Transplantation: Pretransplant Factors Associated With Outcome in 879 Transplants
Authors: Pankhurst Laura , Hudson Alex , Mumford Lisa , Willicombe Michelle , Galliford Jack , Shaw Olivia , Thuraisingham Raj , Puliatti Carmelo , Talbot David , Griffin Sian , Torpey Nicholas , Ball Simon , Clark Brendan , Briggs David , Fuggle Susan V. , Higgins Robert M. 
Published: June 2017

Background
ABO and HLA antibody incompatible (HLAi) renal transplants (AIT) now comprise around 10% of living donor kidney transplants. However, the relationship between pretransplant factors and medium-term outcomes are not fully understood, especially in relation to factors that may vary between centers.

Methods
The comprehensive national registry of AIT in the United Kingdom was investigated to describe the donor, recipient and transplant characteristics of AIT. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare survival of AIT to all other compatible kidney transplants performed in the United Kingdom. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to determine which pretransplant factors were associated with transplant survival in HLAi and ABOi separately. The primary outcome was transplant survival, taking account of death and graft failure.

Results
For 522 HLAi and 357 ABO incompatible (ABOi) transplants, 5-year transplant survival rates were 71% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66-75%) for HLAi and 83% (95% CI, 78-87%) for ABOi, compared with 88% (95% CI, 87-89%) for 7290 standard living donor transplants, and 78% (95% CI, 77-79%) for 15 322 standard deceased donor transplants (P < 0.0001). Increased chance of transplant loss in HLAi was associated with increasing number of donor specific HLA antibodies, center performing the transplant, antibody level at the time of transplant, and an interaction between donor age and dialysis status. In ABOi, transplant loss was associated with no use of IVIg, cytomegalovirus seronegative recipient, 000 HLA donor-recipient mismatch; and increasing recipient age.

Conclusions
Results of AIT were acceptable, certainly in the context of a choice between living donor AIT and an antibody compatible deceased donor transplant. Several factors were associated with increased chance of transplant loss, and these can lead to testable hypotheses for further improving therapy.
Harnessing temporal modes for multi-photon quantum information processing based on integrated optics
Authors: Harder G. , Ansari V. , Bartley T. J. , Brecht B. , Silberhorn C. 
Published: June 2017

In the last few decades, there has been much progress on low loss waveguides, very efficient photon-number detectors and nonlinear processes. Engineered sum-frequency conversion is now at a stage where it allows operation on arbitrary temporal broadband modes, thus making the spectral degree of freedom accessible for information coding. Hereby the information is often encoded into the temporal modes of a single photon. Here, we analyse the prospect of using multi-photon states or squeezed states in different temporal modes based on integrated optics devices. We describe an analogy between mode-selective sum-frequency conversion and a network of spatial beam splitters. Furthermore, we analyse the limits on the achievable squeezing in waveguides with current technology and the loss limits in the conversion process.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantum technology for the 21st century’.
FOXS1 is a Master Regulator of Pathological Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Human Epithelia
Authors: Blenkinsop Timothy A , Swigut Tomasz , Boles Nathan , Srinivasan Rajini , Rada-Iglesias Alvaro , Wang Qingjie , Stern Jeffrey H , Wysocka Joanna , Temple Sally 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEpithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process involved in normal tissue morphogenesis and also in disease pathology. It causes dramatic alterations in cell morphology, migration, proliferation, and phenotype. We captured the global transcriptional and epigenetic programs elicited when polarized, cobblestone human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were stimulated to undergo EMT, a process associated with several retinal pathologies. The reorganization of chromatin landscapes occurred preferentially at distal enhancers, rather than promoter regions, accompanied by 3136 significantly changing genes. Of the 95 significantly changing transcription factors, FOXS1 was most upregulated. Loss and gain of function experiments demonstrated that FOXS1 is upstream of canonical EMT regulators, and can stimulate EMT in RPE and other epithelia. Inhibition of p38, stimulated by combined action of the EMT-inducing factors, TGFβ1 and TNFα, dampened FOXS1 expression. An increase of FOXS1 in several cancers indicates it has a role in several EMT-involved pathologies.