bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light availability regulates the response of algae and heterotrophic bacteria to elevated nutrient levels and warming in a northern boreal peatland
Authors: Gu Lily Y. , Wyatt Kevin H. 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Light attenuation associated with elevated levels of dissolved organic matter (i.e. browning) is likely to affect the response of benthic biofilms to nutrient enrichment and warmer temperatures expected for northern aquatic ecosystems with climate change. To examine how these factors will interact to regulate the association between algae and heterotrophic bacteria in northern peatlands, we manipulated light (100%, 60%, 30%, 20% and 5% of ambient), nutrients (unenriched, enriched) and temperature (ambient, warming), in a full factorial design by shading nutrient diffusing substrates inside mesocosms with or without warming (3 °C) in an Alaskan fen.

After 12 days of experimental conditions, there was no effect of light or temperature on the abundance of algae or bacteria in the absence of nutrient enrichment. Enrichment with a combination of nitrogen and phosphorus significantly increased the abundance of algae and heterotrophic bacteria at ambient light levels (418 μmol m−2 s−1), and warming significantly enhanced the positive effects of nutrients on algal accrual. Although warming enhanced the effects of nutrient enrichment on bacterial growth, the magnitude of the effect was not statistically significant compared to nutrient enrichment alone. The positive influence of nutrient enrichment and the synergistic effects of nutrients and warming on algae and bacteria were lost at ≤30% ambient light (below 125 μmol m−2 s−1).

We conducted a separate laboratory incubation using recirculating water baths maintained at either ambient or elevated water temperature (warming of 5 °C) to evaluate the effects of warming on the use of algal exudates by heterotrophic bacteria. During the 16‐day assay, the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria increased rapidly in the presence of a common solution of algal exudates and the rate of exudate assimilation by bacteria was significantly enhanced by warming compared with ambient temperature.

The positive association between light availability and heterotrophic bacteria, coupled with accelerated bacterial growth in the presence of algal exudates, support bacterial dependence on algal subsidies in the presence of recalcitrant organic substrates in this northern peatland. Within a predictive context, our results demonstrate that greater light attenuation associated with browning of surface water may reduce the positive influence of warmer temperatures and elevated nutrient levels on the microbial loop by reducing algal production on submerged surfaces in northern peatlands.
Juvenile coho salmon track a seasonally shifting thermal mosaic across a river floodplain
Authors: Baldock Jeffrey R. , Armstrong Jonathan B. , Schindler Daniel E. , Carter Jackie L. 
Published: June 2016

SummarySeasonal variation in river water levels creates a shifting mosaic of habitat conditions associated with variables such as water temperature, chemistry and prey availability to consumers. Previous work has shown that fishes can exploit spatial variation in water temperature, but less is known about how they respond to shifts in the spatial arrangement of habitat conditions through time.Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) are the numerically dominant fish species in many southwest Alaskan streams, which exhibit seasonal variation in water level and temperature due to changes in precipitation and snowmelt. We assessed the degree to which juvenile coho salmon exploit the associated shifting mosaic of water temperature by monitoring the spatial distribution of water temperatures and juvenile coho salmon in the lake‐influenced reaches of a southwest Alaskan stream. We also monitored the diets of juvenile coho salmon relative to the spatial distribution of prey taxa.Juvenile coho salmon exhibited two scales of movement to track spatiotemporal variation in habitat conditions. First, over the course of 6 weeks, individuals moved among off‐channel units, tracking shifts in the location of warm water habitat caused by receding water level. Second, individuals moved at diel time scales, foraging on benthic macroinvertebrates in the cold thalweg of the stream at night and then digesting prey in warmer off‐channel habitats during the day.Seasonally asynchronous variation in water temperature among off‐channel habitat units produced portfolio effects in habitat conditions, such that coho salmon had continual access to warm habitat for digestion despite its ephemeral availability at discrete locations.Our study demonstrates that behavioural thermoregulation by juvenile fishes can be important throughout the growing season and is not restricted to ephemeral events such as resource pulses or heat stress. Our results have implications for the conservation of highly connected, heterogeneous landscapes, and their ability to support economically and ecologically important species such as coho salmon.
Neonicotinoids, bees and opportunity costs for conservation
Authors: Walters Keith F. A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Restrictions on the use of neonicotinoid insecticides in the European Union are widely debated in relation to bee decline, but their potential consequences at the interface between sustainable crop production and conservation are less frequently discussed.

This paper raises issues to be considered if we are to achieve a balanced consensus in this contentious area.

The common legal framework governing testing and environmental impact for all chemical crop protection products is highlighted, leading to concerns that the current focus on impact of neonicotinoids is diverting attention from other drivers of bee decline to the detriment of a balanced conservation strategy.

The evidence for the causal relationship between neonicotinoid use and bee decline is considered and information gaps requiring further work identified.

How research into the parallel use of pesticides and beneficial invertebrates in integrated pest management (IPM) can inform the pollinator debate is highlighted. The importance of the neonicotinoids in major IPM systems is illustrated, leading to discussion of potential consequences for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable crop protection if they were lost and we revert to reliance on other pest management options.

Increasing agricultural production and conservation are sometimes viewed as being contradictory and the paper concludes by calling for a broadening of the discussion to consider the complimentary objectives of bee conservation and sustainable crop production, so that advances in both fields can hasten consensus on the way forward, rather than perpetuating the current rather polarised debate.
Investigation of high‐level waste glass melting using X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Choi Alexander S. , Miller Donald H. , Immel David M. , Smith Frank G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA method has been developed to quantitatively assess the melting behavior of simulated nuclear waste glasses in a 5‐cm‐diameter stainless steel beaker heated from the bottom. The method applies X‐ray scanning and computed tomography to build three‐dimensional volumetric data of a heat‐treated sample and performs an adaptive segmentation analysis of the volumetric data to identify morphologically distinct regions in the sample matrix and quantify the amount of material in each region based on computed tomography density. The method was applied to two different series of simulated high‐level waste glass melter feeds, and the results showed that it provides detailed images of samples at various stages of melting, including distribution of gas bubbles of varying sizes within the sample matrix, as well as a quantitative measure of how fast various waste/frit feeds melted relative to each other. The results show that the melting rate is influenced by the rate of calcine gas evolution, melt viscosity, and the presence of modifier ions in the feed.
Association between body mass index and outcomes in Japanese living kidney transplant recipients: The role of sex differences
Authors: Okumi Masayoshi , Unagami Kohei , Tachibana Hidekazu , Hirai Toshihito , Ishida Hideki , Tanabe Kazunari ,   the Japan Academic Consortium of Kidney Transplantation
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of pretransplant body mass index on graft failure and mortality in Japanese patients undergoing living kidney transplant.MethodsA cohort of 888 living kidney transplant recipients who received standard immunosuppressive therapy between 2000 and 2013 were identified from the Japan Academic Consortium of Kidney Transplantation database. Pretransplant body mass index was divided into three categories according to the following tertiles: <19.4, 19.5–22.2 and ≥22.3 kg/m2. A multivariable time‐to‐event analysis was carried out.ResultsEstimated hazard ratios of the body mass index effects regarding graft failure were 1.62 (95% confidence interval 0.83–3.18) for the first tertile and 2.20 (95% confidence interval 1.24–3.90) for the third tertile. Patient mortality was 1.21 (95% confidence interval 0.32–4.54) for the first tertile and 1.52 (95% confidence interval 0.56–4.13) for the third tertile. In a subgroup analysis, the effects of body mass index according to sex were substantially heterogeneous (P = 0.029 for interaction). Pretransplant body mass index had a non‐linear J‐shaped association with graft failure that resulted from qualitative interaction between body mass index and the recipient's sex.ConclusionsSex differences and interaction effects must be considered when evaluating the effects of pretransplant body mass index on post‐transplant outcomes in Japanese patients undergoing living kidney transplant.
Myeloid cell leukaemia 1 has a vital role in retinoic acid‐mediated protection of Toll‐like receptor 9‐stimulated B cells from spontaneous and DNA damage‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Holm Kristine L. , Indrevær Randi L. , Myklebust June Helen , Kolstad Arne , Moskaug Jan Øivind , Naderi Elin H. , Blomhoff Heidi K. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryVitamin A is an essential anti‐infective agent with pleiotropic effects on cells of the immune system. The goal of the present study was to unravel the impact of the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) on B‐cell survival related both to normal B‐cell homeostasis and to the detrimental effects imposed by DNA‐damaging agents. By combining RA with Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligands, we show that RA prevents spontaneous, irradiation‐ and doxorubicin‐induced apoptosis of human B cells in an RA receptor‐dependent manner. RA‐mediated survival involved up‐regulation of the anti‐apoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) at the transcriptional level, and knock down of MCL1 by small interfering RNA partially reversed the effects of RA. To ensure that the combination of TLR9‐ligands and RA would not promote the survival of malignant B cells, the combined effects of stimulation with RA and TLR9 ligands was assessed on cells from patients with B‐cell malignancies. In contrast to the effects on normal B cells, the combination of TLR9 stimulation and RA neither enhanced the MCL1 levels nor inhibited the death of malignant B cells challenged by DNA‐damaging agents. Taken together, the present results reveal a vital role of MCL1 in RA‐mediated survival of normal B cells. Moreover, the findings suggest that RA in combination with TLR9 ligands might be useful adjuvants in the treatment of B‐cell malignancies by selectively protecting normal and not malignant B cells from DNA‐damage‐induced cell death.
A Combination Rule for Portfolio Selection with Transaction Costs
Authors: Suh Sangwon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe propose a new portfolio rule for portfolio selection problems in the presence of transaction costs. The new portfolio rule is formed by combining an extant portfolio rule with the no‐rebalancing portfolio rule, which specifies the current portfolio weights before rebalancing as the desired portfolio weights. The new portfolio rule can be applied into most extant portfolio rules. Simulation and out‐of‐sample evidence show that the new portfolio rule can greatly improve portfolio performance, in comparison with the extant portfolio rules to be combined.
Intensive Interaction Training for Paid Carers: ‘Looking, Looking and Find Out When They Want to Relate to You’
Authors: Nagra Maninder K. , White Rose , Appiah Afua , Rayner Kelly 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundIntensive interaction (II) is a communication approach useful for working with people with severe intellectual disabilities. Health and social care providers offer II training courses to paid carers working in local services with the goal of improving social communication for their clients.Materials and methodsEight paid carers who had been trained in II were interviewed 2–3 years after training, to explore how their practice had changed, and whether any changes were sustainable. Interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsAnalysis revealed a master theme of emotional and practical endurance, with empowerment, better understanding and perceived barriers to implementation comprising subthemes.ConclusionsDespite actual and perceived barriers to the enduring use of II, all participants spoke positively of the approach and were continuing to use II in practice.
Evaluating the Performance Improvement Preferences of Disability Service Managers: An Exploratory Study Using Gilbert's Behavior Engineering Model
Authors: Wooderson John R. , Cuskelly Monica , Meyer Kim A. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundFront‐line managers play an important role in managing the performance of staff working in services for people with intellectual disability, but little is known about the practices they prefer to use to improve staff performance and whether these align with what research has shown to be effective.MethodThis study comprised two phases. First, the present authors tested the validity and reliability of a short questionnaire designed to evaluate managers’ preferences for performance improvement practices. Then, the present authors collected and analysed responses from 175 managers working in disability services in Queensland, Australia.ResultsThe questionnaire demonstrated good content validity, concurrent validity and test–retest reliability. The participants believed strategies related to changing employee individual characteristics to be more effective than strategies aimed at improving environmental factors.ConclusionsThis study provides important considerations regarding the professional development needs of front‐line managers working in organizations that provide services to people with intellectual disability.
Stakeholders’ Perspectives towards the Use of the Comprehensive Health Assessment Program (CHAP) for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities in Manitoba
Authors: Shooshtari Shahin , Temple Beverley , Waldman Celeste , Abraham Sneha , Ouellette‐Kuntz Héléne , Lennox Nicholas 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundNo standardized tool is used in Canada for comprehensive health assessments of adults with intellectual disabilities. This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of implementing the Comprehensive Health Assessment Program (CHAP) in Manitoba, Canada.MethodThis was a qualitative study using a purposive sample of physicians, nurse practitioners, support workers and families. Data were collected through individual interviews and focus groups and were analysed using content analysis.ResultsUse of the CHAP was perceived as beneficial for persons with intellectual disabilities. Improved continuity of care was of the reported benefits. Six barriers for the future implementation of the CHAP were identified including the time required to complete the CHAP, and the perceived lack of physicians’ willingness to do comprehensive assessments.ConclusionThe future implementation of the CHAP was strongly supported. For its successful implementation, training of healthcare professionals and support staff and change in regulations and policies were recommended.
Psychophysiological Manifestations Associated With Stress in Students of a Public University in Mexico
Authors: Pozos‐Radillo Elizabeth , Preciado‐Serrano Lourdes , Plascencia‐Campos Ana , Valdez‐López Rosa , Morales‐Fernández Armando 
Published: June 2016

PROBLEMAcademic stress is defined as a physiological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral activation reaction to stimuli. This stress can impact students’ ability to cope with the school environment.OBJECTIVETo identify the psychophysiological manifestations associated with high‐level academic stress in public university students in Mexico.METHODSA representative random sampling of 527 students was evaluated during 2012. The Academic Stress Symptom Inventory and the Rossi classification were used; data were analyzed with a binary logistic regression analysis to estimate association between psychophysiological manifestations and the high level of academic stress in public university students.FINDINGSResults indicated a meaningful association between high levels of academic stress situations and psychophysiological manifestations such as concentration and memory problems, mental blocks and chronic fatigue, drowsiness, and despair.CONCLUSIONIdentifying academic stress situations and students’ maladaptive responses may help promote timely attention to psychophysiological manifestations before they exacerbate and become harmful to college students’ health.
Thirty‐year stability after regeneration of a deep intrabony defect: a case report
Authors: Pini Prato Giovanpaolo , Cortellini Pierpaolo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsReport clinical improvements and 30‐year stability of clinical outcomes of an intrabony defect treated with non‐resorbable barriers and mucogingival surgery.MethodsA 18‐year‐old male presenting with a very severe intrabony defect at the upper right central incisor was treated with periodontal regeneration with non‐resorbable barriers and a fibrin‐fibronectin glue. The barriers were removed after 3 months. At 6 months, a free gingival graft (FGG) was positioned to improve mucogingival conditions. The patient was enrolled into a 6‐month supportive periodontal care programme (SPC) for 30 years.ResultsClinical attachment level (CAL) of 16 mm was associated with a 12 mm osseous defect and a pocket (PD) 14 mm deep. At 1 year, a CAL of 5 mm was associated with a PD of 2 mm. The 5 mm gingival recession measured at 6 months and treated with FGG was reduced to 3 mm. Measurements taken at 10, 20 and 30 years showed a consistent creeping of the gingival margin. At 30‐year examination, CAL gain was 12 mm associated with a 2 mm PD and a minimal gingival recession.ConclusionsThis case demonstrates that it is possible to treat a very severe infrabony pocket applying regeneration and mucogingival surgery and to maintain the clinical outcomes for 30 years.
Primary health care for people with an intellectual disability: an exploration of demographic characteristics and reasons for encounters from the BEACH programme
Authors: Weise J. , Pollack A. , Britt H. , Trollor J. N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundPeople with an intellectual disability (ID) have complex and different patterns of healthcare needs. Poor participation in primary health care contributes to the high levels of undetected and unmanaged health issues and premature deaths of people with an ID. Limited research is available on the characteristics of people with an ID, their reasons for consulting general practitioners (GPs), and if these differ to people without an ID. Gaining such insights may provide an avenue to better understand patterns of primary care use and potential gaps in usage by people with an ID given their complex health profile compared with people without an ID.MethodA secondary analysis of data collected January 2003 to December 2012 from The Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health programme was used. Participant characteristics and their reasons for encounter, pre‐ and post‐age‐sex standardisation, at all GP encounters with people identified in the encounter record as having an ID (‘ID’ encounters, n = 690) were compared with those at ‘non‐ID’ encounters (n = 970 641). Statistical significance was tested with chi‐squared statistics or 95% confidence intervals as appropriate.ResultsThis study identified significant differences in participant characteristics and their reasons for consulting GPs at ID encounters compared with non‐ID encounters. Participants at ID encounters had a skewed demography, an over‐representation of presentations for psychological, social and ‘general and unspecified’ reasons, and an under‐representation of presentations for core physical health and preventive health measures. Administrative rather than medically related reasons dominated presentations to general practice at ID encounters.ConclusionThere are significant differences in the characteristics of participants and their reasons for presentation to general practice in Australia for participants at ID encounters compared with non‐ID encounters. This work suggests that there is a difference in service use patterns between these two groups. These findings may suggest that people with an ID experience barriers to participating in essential primary healthcare services.
A novel DNMT1 mutation associated with early onset hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, cataplexy, cerebellar atrophy, scleroderma, endocrinopathy, and common variable immune deficiency
Authors: Fox Robin , Ealing John , Murphy Helen , Gow David P. , Gosal David 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is an enzyme which has a role in methylation of DNA, gene regulation, and chromatin stability. Missense mutations in the DNMT1 gene have been previously associated with two neurological syndromes: hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 with dementia and deafness (HSAN1E) and autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness, and narcolepsy (ADCA‐DN). We report a case showing overlap of both of these syndromes plus associated clinical features of common variable immune deficiency, scleroderma, and endocrinopathy that could also be mutation associated. Our patient was found to be heterozygous for a previously unreported frameshift mutation, c.1635_1637delCAA p.(Asn545del) in the DNMT1 gene exon 20. This case displays both the first frameshift mutation described in the literature which is associated with a phenotype with a high degree of overlap between HSAN1E and ADCA‐DN and early age of onset (c. 8 years). Our case is also of interest as the patient displays a number of new non‐neurological features, which could also be DNMT1 mutation related.