bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Freudian narcissism to the Buddhist notion of anatman, via Jung's idea of identity
Authors: Martin‐Vallas François 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStarting from the question the youthful Carl Gustav pondered as he sat on ‘his’ stone – ‘Am I he who sits on the stone, or am I the stone on which he sits?’ – the author has attempted to show that, for Jung, the idea of identity is founded on a wilful non‐determination. This stance results in ethical and methodological repercussions that differentiate it both from the Freudian project and from Hindu and Buddhist thought, while at the same time having much in common with them. The paper refers to the notions of emergence and (Varela et al. 1992) enaction and argues that the concept of the archetype, especially in relation to the self, merits a re‐evaluation in light of the new scientific paradigm.
Supervising away from home: clinical, cultural and professional challenges
Authors: Abramovitch Henry , Wiener Jan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper explores some challenges of supervising clinical work of trainees, known as ‘routers’, who live in countries with diverse cultural, social and political traditions, and the analysts who travel to supervise them. It is written as an evolving dialogue between the authors, who explore together the effects of their own culture of origin, and in particular the legacy and values of their own training institutes on the styles and models of analytic supervision. Their dialogue is framed around the meaning of home and experiences of homesickness for analysts working away from home in an interactive field of strangeness in countries where analytical psychology is a relatively new discipline. The authors outline the findings from their own qualitative survey, where other supervisors working abroad, and those they have supervised, describe their experiences and their encounters with difference. The dialogue ends with both authors discussing what they have learned about teaching and supervising abroad, the implications for more flexible use of Jungian concepts, and how such visits have changed their clinical practice in their home countries.
If You Don't Know, Ask! Using Expert Knowledge to Determine What Content Is Needed in an Undergraduate Food Quality Management and Control Course
Authors: Joyner Helen S. , Stevenson Clinton D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractQuality management and quality control of food products are critical to producing food that is safe to consume and has consistent quality and sensory attributes. The extent to which undergraduate students are equipped with competencies in quality management/control, in theory, has a direct connection with their career potential to ensure food products and/or services meet the expectations of consumers and society. However, the most important quality management/control competencies for undergraduate food science students have yet to be identified. The objective of this study was to determine key knowledge and skills in quality management/control needed by food science graduates. A modified Delphi method was used to gather consensus on these knowledge and skills from experts in food quality management/control. Surveys were used to establish a framework of the most relevant quality management/control concepts for undergraduate food science students to learn and organize these concepts into core domains according to their relative importance. A course outline for teaching an undergraduate course on food quality management/control was developed that detailed relevant topics and depth of coverage for each of these topics. The needs assessment method used in this study to align course content with food industry's needs may be used for a wide variety of course topics.
Improving prospective memory performance with future event simulation in traumatic brain injury patients
Authors: Mioni Giovanna , Bertucci Erica , Rosato Antonella , Terrett Gill , Rendell Peter G. , Zamuner Massimo , Stablum Franca 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivePrevious studies have shown that traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients have difficulties with prospective memory (PM). Considering that PM is closely linked to independent living it is of primary interest to develop strategies that can improve PM performance in TBI patients.MethodThis study employed Virtual Week task as a measure of PM, and we included future event simulation to boost PM performance. Study 1 evaluated the efficacy of the strategy and investigated possible practice effects. Twenty‐four healthy participants performed Virtual Week in a no strategy condition, and 24 healthy participants performed it in a mixed condition (no strategy – future event simulation). In Study 2, 18 TBI patients completed the mixed condition of Virtual Week and were compared with the 24 healthy controls who undertook the mixed condition of Virtual Week in Study 1. All participants also completed a neuropsychological evaluation to characterize the groups on level of cognitive functioning.ResultsStudy 1 showed that participants in the future event simulation condition outperformed participants in the no strategy condition, and these results were not attributable to practice effects. Results of Study 2 showed that TBI patients performed PM tasks less accurately than controls, but that future event simulation can substantially reduce TBI‐related deficits in PM performance. The future event simulation strategy also improved the controls’ PM performance.ConclusionsThese studies showed the value of future event simulation strategy in improving PM performance in healthy participants as well as in TBI patients.Practitioner points

TBI patients performed PM tasks less accurately than controls, confirming prospective memory impairment in these patients.

Participants in the future event simulation condition out‐performed participants in the no strategy condition.

Future event simulation can substantially reduce TBI‐related deficits in PM performance.

Future event simulation strategy also improved the controls’ PM performance.
Does hospital readmission following colorectal cancer resection and enhanced recovery after surgery affect long term survival?
Authors: Curtis N. J. , Noble E. , Salib E. , Hipkiss R. , Meachim E. , Dalton R. , Allison A. , Ockrim J. , Francis N. K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimHospital readmission is undesirable for patients and care providers as this can affect short‐term recovery and carries financial consequences. It is unknown if readmission has long‐term implications. We aimed to investigate the impact of 30‐day readmission on long‐term overall survival (OS) following colorectal cancer resection within enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) care and explore the reasons for and the severity and details of readmission episodes.MethodA dedicated, prospectively populated database was reviewed. All patients were managed within an established ERAS programme. Five‐year OS was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The number, reason for and severity of 30‐day readmissions were classified according to the Clavien–Dindo (CD) system, along with total (initial and readmission) length of stay (LoS). Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors predicting readmission.ResultsA total of 1023 consecutive patients underwent colorectal cancer resection between 2002 and 2015. Of these, 166 (16%) were readmitted. Readmission alone did not have a significant impact on 5‐year OS (59% vs 70%, P = 0.092), but OS was worse in patients with longer total LoS (20 vs 14 days, P = 0.04). Of the readmissions, 121 (73%) were minor (CD I–II) and 27 (16%) required an intervention of which 16 (10%) were returned to theatre. Gut dysfunction 32 (19%) and wound complications 23 (14%) were the most frequent reasons for readmission. Prolonged initial LoS, rectal cancer and younger age predicted for hospital readmission.ConclusionReadmission does not have a significant impact on 5‐year OS. A broad range of conditions led to readmission, with the majority representing minor complications.
Power in methods: language to infants in structured and naturalistic contexts
Authors: Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. , Kuchirko Yana , Luo Rufan , Escobar Kelly , Bornstein Marc H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMethods can powerfully affect conclusions about infant experiences and learning. Data from naturalistic observations may paint a very different picture of learning and development from those based on structured tasks, as illustrated in studies of infant walking, object permanence, intention understanding, and so forth. Using language as a model system, we compared the speech of 40 mothers to their 13‐month‐old infants during structured play and naturalistic home routines. The contrasting methods yielded unique portrayals of infant language experiences, while simultaneously underscoring cross‐situational correspondence at an individual level. Infants experienced substantially more total words and different words per minute during structured play than they did during naturalistic routines. Language input during structured play was consistently dense from minute to minute, whereas language during naturalistic routines showed striking fluctuations interspersed with silence. Despite these differences, infants' language experiences during structured play mirrored the peak language interactions infants experienced during naturalistic routines, and correlations between language inputs in the two conditions were strong. The implications of developmental methods for documenting the nature of experiences and individual differences are discussed.
A Technical/Strategic Paradigm for Online Executive Education
Authors: Smith Marlene A. , Keaveney Susan M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the development and delivery of online courses for the executive education audience. The goal is to introduce a new framework, the technical/strategic paradigm, that will help educators to identify the pedagogical needs of disparate executive groups and adjust their online course development plans accordingly. We describe how four key elements of online courses (course structure, content‐based learning materials, assignments, and learning assessment) should be fashioned in a way that honors the technical or strategic focus of the learning environment. How the technical/strategic paradigm molds well with many different types of executive educational audiences and settings is illustrated. Course developers seeking advice on how to put these ideas into practice will find lists of resources and implementable recommendations. Ultimately, we argue that some of the pitfalls that faculty experience when transitioning from a traditional business school environment to an online executive education environment can be attributed to a misunderstanding of the degree to which students expect technical versus strategic content.
Traditional and Online Learning in Executive Education: How Both Will Survive and Thrive
Authors: Stanton Wilbur W. , Stanton Angela D'Auria 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAn important component of corporate training is executive education. A sample of 90 open enrollment executive education programs in the areas of management development and leadership was reviewed to better understand the structure of the offerings. In today's marketplace, the majority of executive education offerings are of the traditional face‐to‐face classroom‐style format. More recently, the impact of rapid technological advancements is becoming more apparent in the executive education market as online learning becomes more prevalent. There is no lack of participants for either traditional or online executive education programs, which has expanded the market. While both types of program offerings are viable, the future of executive education may be a merger of the two whereby traditional programs incorporate online components to reduce students’ time away from the job and capitalize on technology to enhance their interpersonal interactions. There is no doubt that executive education will survive and thrive as its future will be the nexus of traditional and online delivery that combines the key advantages of both approaches using a hybrid model that is beginning to be more widely deployed.
Mapping Grey Willow (Salix cinerea) stand architecture using airborne laser scanning: implications for large‐scale tree weed control
Authors: Griffiths James W. , Howell Clayson J. , Burlace David 
Published: January 2017

SummaryWe investigated the potential of airborne laser scanning (ALS) for mapping the stand architecture of Grey Willow (Salix cinerea), an invasive wetland weed in New Zealand. In particular, we focused on two metrics, tree height and canopy density, both of which influence the efficacy and nontarget impacts of herbicides aerially broadcast by helicopter to control tree weeds. We compared ground‐based measures of Grey Willow height and canopy density withALS‐derived data, and the relationship between canopy density as estimated by each method and aerial herbicide deposition at three wetland sites in New Zealand. Analysis revealed strong linear relationships between ground‐based andALSmetrics, indicating thatALSdata could be used to generate accurate, high‐resolution digital maps of Grey Willow height and canopy density. These maps coupled with computer‐guided variable flow rate technologies, which enable optimal placement of herbicide, could maximise Grey Willow mortality while reducing the mortality of nontarget indigenous plants. We recommend the application ofALS‐derived maps and computer‐guided variable flow rate technology is investigated for more targeted large‐scale tree weed control.
Migrant family visits and the life course: interrelationships between age, capacity and desire
Authors: HORN VINCENT 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMigrant visits to the country of origin play a crucial role in transnational family cohesion and migrant well‐being; the research on them so far has focused primarily on the relationship between migrant integration and transnational engagement. In this article, I extend the discussion by adding a life course perspective to Carling and Hoelscher's (2013) framework for studying transnational activities, which incorporates capacity and desire. I explore whether age has an independent effect on migrants' family visits and how it relates to socio‐economic resources, migration status and transnational ties. Using data from a survey of Peruvian migrants around the globe (n=7,741), I show that migrants' stage in the life course has a partial effect on their propensity to travel through the interrelationship between age, capacity and desire. The findings show that the capacity and desire of migrants to visit their country of origin are particularly strong after reaching retirement age, suggesting a favourable combination of resources at later stages in life. However, whether this expresses a positive approach to ageing, or is a strategy to balance transnational family obligations and to postpone return decisions, remains open for future research.
Evaluation of the use of rotational thromboelastometry in the assessment of FXI deficency
Authors: Pike G. N. , Cumming A. M. , Thachil J. , Hay C. R. M. , Bolton‐Maggs P. H. B. , Burthem J. 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionThe absence of a reliable clinical test to predict bleeding tendency leaves factor XI (FXI)‐deficient individuals at risk of overtreatment or under treatment.AimTo assess whether rotational thromboelastometry has value in detection of FXI deficiency and identification of bleeding tendency.MethodsThromboelastometry was measured in whole blood and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) samples containing corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI) from controls (n = 50) and FXI‐deficient individuals (n = 93) at tissue factor (TF) 0.12 pm. The effect of tissue plasminogen activator was also assessed. For analysis, FXI‐deficient individuals were divided into bleeders (n = 24) and non‐bleeders (n = 44) based on experience of tonsillectomy and/or dental extraction prior to diagnosis.ResultsIn whole blood, thromboelastometry distinguished those with major FXI deficiency (FXI:C ≤ 15 IU dL−1) but not partial deficiency from control populations, but did not identify bleeding phenotype. In PRP, bleeders had significantly longer clot formation time [CFT; 434 ± 179 s vs. 277 ± 70 s (mean ± SD); P < 0.05] and smaller α angle [43.8 ± 9.5° vs. 52.4 ± 5.8° (mean ± SD); P < 0.05] compared to non‐bleeders. However, these parameters were found to depend on multiple additional variables and on an individual basis, ROC analysis showed test specificity for bleeding phenotype identification to be only 38.5% at 100% sensitivity: CFT (area under first derivative curve: AUC = 0.8091, P = 0.0014), α angle (AUC = 0.7804, P = 0.006).ConclusionThromboelastometry in PRP with CTI samples triggered with TF 0.12 pm was able to distinguish between bleeders and non‐bleeders in FXI deficiency, but poor specificity restricts its clinical application as a test to identify bleeding phenotype. Further technical advances to the assay may allow better discrimination.
Maltreatment‐associated neurodevelopmental disorders: a co‐twin control analysis
Authors: Dinkler Lisa , Lundström Sebastian , Gajwani Ruchika , Lichtenstein Paul , Gillberg Christopher , Minnis Helen 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundChildhood maltreatment (CM) is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders in childhood and adulthood. Previous findings suggest that the association between CM and psychiatric disorders is partly causal and partly due to familial confounding, but few studies have investigated the mechanisms behind the association between CM and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Our objective was to determine whether maltreated children have an elevated number of NDDs and whether CM is a risk factor for an increased NDD ‘load’ and increased NDD symptoms when controlling for familial effects.MethodsWe used a cross‐sectional sample from a population‐representative Swedish twin study, comprising 8,192 nine‐year‐old twins born in Sweden between 1997 and 2005. CM was defined as parent‐reported exposure to emotional abuse/neglect, physical neglect, physical abuse, and/or sexual abuse. Four NDDs were measured with the Autism–Tics, AD/HD, and other comorbidities inventory.ResultsMaltreated children had a greater mean number of NDDs than nonmaltreated children. In a co‐twin control design, CM‐discordant monozygotic twins did not differ significantly for their number of NDDs, suggesting that CM is not associated with an increased load of NDDs when genetic and shared environmental factors are taken into account. However, CM was associated with a small increase in symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in CM‐discordant MZ twins, although most of the covariance of CM with NDD symptoms was explained by common genetic effects.ConclusionsMaltreated children are at higher risk of having multiple NDDs. Our findings are, however, not consistent with the notion that CM causes the increased NDD load in maltreated children. Maltreated children should receive a full neurodevelopmental assessment, and clinicians should be aware that children with multiple NDDs are at higher risk of maltreatment.
Early involvement of lysosome dysfunction in the degeneration of cerebral cortical neurons caused by the lipid peroxidation product 4‐hydroxynonenal
Authors: Zhang Shi , Eitan Erez , Mattson Mark P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFree radical‐mediated oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA occurs in neurons during acute brain injuries and in neurodegenerative disorders. Membrane lipid peroxidation contributes to neuronal dysfunction and death, in part by disrupting neuronal ion homeostasis and cellular bioenergetics. Emerging findings suggest that 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE), an aldehyde produced during lipid peroxidation, impairs the function of various proteins involved in neuronal homeostasis. Here we tested the hypothesis that HNE impairs the cellular system that removes damaged proteins and organelles, the autophagy–lysosome pathway in rat primary cortical neurons. We found that HNE, at a concentration that causes apoptosis over a 48–72 h period, increases protein levels of LC3 II and p62 and within 1 and 4 h of exposure, respectively; LC3 II and p62 immunoreactive puncta were observed in the cytoplasm of HNE‐treated neurons at 6 h. The extent of up‐regulation of p62 and LC3 II in response to HNE was not affected by co‐treatment with the lysosome inhibitor bafilomycin A1, suggesting that the effects of HNE on autophagy were secondary to lysosome inhibition. Indeed, we found that neurons exposed to HNE exhibit elevated pH levels, and decreased protein substrate hydrolysis and cathepsin B activity. Neurons exposed to HNE also exhibited the accumulation of K63‐linked polyubiquitinated proteins, which are substrates targeted for lysosomal degradation. Moreover, we found that the levels of LAMP2a and constitutively active heat‐shock protein 70, and numbers of LAMP2a‐positive lysosomes, are decreased in neurons exposed to HNE. Our findings demonstrate that the lipid peroxidation product HNE causes early impairment of lysosomes which may contribute to the accumulation of damaged and dysfunctional proteins and organelles and consequent neuronal death. Because impaired lysosome function is increasingly recognized as an early event in the neuronal death that occurs in neurodegenerative disorders, our findings suggest a role for HNE in such lysosomal dysfunction.
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One mutation, two distinct disease variants: unravelling the impact of transthyretin amyloid fibril composition
Authors: Suhr O. B. , Lundgren E. , Westermark P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlthough hereditary transthyretin (h‐ATTR) amyloidosis is a monogenetic disease, a large variation in its phenotype has been observed. The common hypothesis of amyloid fibril formation involves dissociation of the transthyretin (TTR) tetramer into monomers that after misfolding reassemble into amyloid fibrils. This notion is partly challenged by the finding of two distinct types of amyloid fibrils. One of these, type A, consists of C‐terminal ATTR fragments and full‐length TTR, whereas the other, type B, consists only of full‐length TTR. All organs of an individual patient contain ATTR deposits of either type A or type B fibrils, and the composition in each individual remains unchanged over time. The finding of two distinct types of ATTR fibrils suggests that there are at least two different pathways in operation for ATTR fibril formation. For the most common European mutation, TTR Val30Met, ATTR fibril composition is related to the outcome of liver transplantation, which is the first successful treatment for the disease, and the penetrance of the trait. In addition, the presence of C‐terminal ATTR fragments has an impact on the affinity for various tracers used for noninvasive imaging of amyloid depositions such as 99 m‐technetium‐diphosphono‐propanodicarboxylic acid scintigraphy and positron emission tomography utilizing Pittsburgh component B, and even for the gold standard diagnostic procedure, tissue biopsy stained by Congo red and examined under polarized light. The importance of amyloid fibril composition needs to be taken into consideration when designing clinical trials of treatment modalities, and also in the evaluation of diagnostic methods such as imaging techniques.