bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of food shortage and temperature on age 0+ salmonids: a contribution to predict the effects of climate change
Authors: Arevalo E. , Panserat S. , Seiliez I. , Larrañaga A. , Bardonnet A. 
Published: January 2018

Brown troutSalmo truttaalevins were maintained at 8 and 11° C at three conditions over a 9 day period from yolk sac exhaustion: fedad libitum, starved or fedad libitumafter starvation. Whole‐body gene expressions for proteins involved in energy metabolism and the two primary proteolytic pathways were assessed. This study is the first to show an over‐expression of proteasome and autophagy‐related genes in young stages of salmonids, particularly at 11° C.
Composition and antimicrobial resistance profile of Gram‐negative microbiota prevalent in aquacultured fish
Authors: Ruzauskas Modestas , Klimiene Irena , Armalyte Julija , Bartkiene Elena , Siugzdiniene Rita , Skerniskyte Jurate , Krasauskas Renatas , Suziedeliene Edita 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAquatic environments are one of the most favorable settings for acquisition and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to isolate and identify antimicrobial resistant Gram‐negative bacteria that are prevalent in fish kept in open aquaculture ponds and (2) to analyse their antimicrobial resistance profiles. One hundred and nineteen isolates from fish resistant to at least one antimicrobial were investigated. The most predominant genera were Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, and Aeromonas. The highest numbers of multiresistant isolates were found within Pseudomonas spp., and the lowest, in Aeromonas spp. Resistance to beta‐lactams was the most common among all of the bacterial genera. The absence or very low rates of resistance to fluoroquinolones, the small number of clinically important resistance genes, and bacterial taxonomic composition suggest that the most widespread resistant bacteria in aquacultured fish are autochthonous microbiota.Practical applicationsThe majority of antimicrobial resistant bacteria that are prevalent in aquacultured fish from open ponds can be treated as natural (autochthonous microbiota). In this study, only a minority of resistant bacteria detected in fish could be associated with polluted waters originating from animal farms or human healthcare facilities. Some strains, particularly the family Enterobacteriaceae that is found in fish, contain clinically important resistance determinants that potentially can be transmitted to human microbiota in cases of inappropriate processing of fish intended for food. With regard to antimicrobial resistant bacteria, measures for control of inflowing waters to aquaculture ponds should be taken in addition to monitoring fish microbiota and its’ resistance should be investigated on a regular basis.
Can Exercise Improve Cognitive Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease?
Authors: Panza Gregory A. , Taylor Beth A. , MacDonald Hayley V. , Johnson Blair T. , Zaleski Amanda L. , Livingston Jill , Thompson Paul D. , Pescatello Linda S. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo examine the effects of exercise training on cognitive function in individuals at risk of or diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD).DesignMeta‐analysis.SettingPubMed, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ProQuest were searched from inception until August 1, 2017.ParticipantsNineteen studies with 23 interventions including 1,145 subjects with a mean age of 77.0 ± 7.5 were included. Most subjects were at risk of AD because they had mild cognitive impairment (64%) or a parent diagnosed with AD (1%), and 35% presented with AD.InterventionControlled studies that included an exercise‐only intervention and a nondiet, nonexercise control group and reported pre‐ and post‐intervention cognitive function measurements.MeasurementsCognitive function before and after the intervention and features of the exercise intervention.ResultsExercise interventions were performed 3.4 ± 1.4 days per week at moderate intensity (3.7 ± 0.6 metabolic equivalents) for 45.2 ± 17.0 minutes per session for 18.6 ± 10.0 weeks and consisted primarily of aerobic exercise (65%). Overall, there was a modest favorable effect of exercise on cognitive function (d+ = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.26–0.68). Within‐group analyses revealed that exercise improved cognitive function (d+w = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.11–0.28), whereas cognitive function declined in the control group (d+w = −0.18, 95% CI = −0.36 to 0.00). Aerobic exercise had a moderate favorable effect on cognitive function (d+w = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.35–0.95), but other exercise types did not (d+w = 0.19, 95% CI = −0.06–0.43).ConclusionOur findings suggest that exercise training may delay the decline in cognitive function that occurs in individuals who are at risk of or have AD, with aerobic exercise possibly having the most favorable effect. Additional randomized controlled clinical trials that include objective measurements of cognitive function are needed to confirm our findings.
Protective Effect of Denosumab on Bone in Older Women with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Eller‐Vainicher Cristina , Palmieri Serena , Cairoli Elisa , Goggi Giovanni , Scillitani Alfredo , Arosio Maura , Falchetti Alberto , Chiodini Iacopo 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the effect of denosumab, which is used in primary osteoporosis (PO), in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)‐related osteoporosis.DesignRetrospective, longitudinal study.SettingOutpatient osteoporosis clinic.ParticipantsOlder women with PHPT (78.6 ± 5.5) (n = 25) and PO (78.8 ± 5.2) (n = 25) matched on age, body mass index, familial history of hip fracture, femoral bone mineral density (BMD), and personal history of fragility fractures.InterventionTwenty‐four months of denosumab therapy.MeasurementsWe assessed the calcium‐phosphorus metabolism parameters; BMD at the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) using dual X‐ray absorptiometry; and morphometric vertebral fractures using radiographs in all subjects at baseline and after 24 months. Changes in BMD and total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were considered significant if they were greater than the least significant change (LS 2.8%, FN 5.9%, TH 4.8%, ALP –22%) and were expressed as percentage difference between end of follow‐up and baseline (Δ).ResultsAfter 24 months, women with PHPT had greater ΔALP (−30.6 ± 11.3), ΔFN (5.6 ± 4.8), and ΔTH (4.8 ± 4.4) than those with PO (ΔALP −21.4 ± 13.1, ΔFN 2.9 ± 4.8, ΔTH 1.2 ± 4.1, P < .05 for all comparisons). A significant increase in BMD was more frequent in women with PHPT (92%) than in those with PO (52%, P < .05) and it was 13.4 times as likely in women with PHPT as in those with PO (P = .02), regardless of possible confounders. Two subjects in each group had an incident fracture.ConclusionsDenosumab therapy is effective in older women with PHPT‐related osteoporosis.
Anaphylaxis to packaged foods in Australasia
Authors: Zurzolo Giovanni A , Allen Katrina J , Peters Rachel L , Tang Mimi LK , Dharmage Shyamali , de Courten Maximilian , Mathai Michael L , Campbell Dianne E 
Published: January 2018

AimsTo examine reports of anaphylaxis in Australasia from consumption of packaged food products with or without precautionary allergen labelling (PAL), where the known allergen triggers were not a listed ingredient.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to all members of the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (n = 548). Participants were asked to complete a survey reporting whether they have had seen any patients over the last 3 months reporting anaphylaxis following ingestion of a packaged food where the suspected food allergen was not a listed ingredient.ResultsOf the n = 548 members approached, n = 198 responded (response rate 36.1%).There were 14 reports of anaphylaxis to packaged foods (where the suspected allergen was not a listed ingredient), which met the case definition from a total of 198 respondents over the 9‐month period. Of those reactions, 50.0% (confidence interval 95% 21–78) were reported from foods that did not have a PAL statement, and 50.0% (confidence interval 95% 21–78) were due to peanuts.ConclusionAnaphylaxis to undeclared allergens was not rare and did not appear to depend on whether the product was labelled with precautionary advice. There is currently no reliable labelling system that can inform food‐allergic consumers of safer food choices. Improvements in the regulation of food labelling with PAL are required.
OsMADS57 together with OsTB1 coordinates transcription of its target OsWRKY94 and D14 to switch its organogenesis to defense for cold adaptation in rice
Authors: Chen Liping , Zhao Yuan , Xu Shujuan , Zhang Zeyong , Xu Yunyuan , Zhang Jingyu , Chong Kang 
Published: January 2018

Summary

Plants modify their development to adapt to their environment, protecting themselves from detrimental conditions such as chilling stress by triggering a variety of signaling pathways; however, little is known about how plants coordinate developmental patterns and stress responses at the molecular level.

Here, we demonstrate that interacting transcription factors OsMADS57 and OsTB1 directly target the defense gene OsWRKY94 and the organogenesis gene D14 to trade off the functions controlling/moderating rice tolerance to cold.

Overexpression of OsMADS57 maintains rice tiller growth under chilling stress. OsMADS57 binds directly to the promoter of OsWRKY94, activating its transcription for the cold stress response, while suppressing its activity under normal temperatures. In addition, OsWRKY94 was directly targeted and suppressed by OsTB1 under both normal and chilling temperatures. However, D14 transcription was directly promoted by OsMADS57 for suppressing tillering under the chilling treatment, whereas D14 was repressed for enhancing tillering under normal condition.We demonstrated that OsMADS57 and OsTB1 conversely affect rice chilling tolerance via targeting OsWRKY94.

Our findings highlight a molecular genetic mechanism coordinating organogenesis and chilling tolerance in rice, which supports and extends recent work suggesting that chilling stress environments influence organ differentiation.
Genetic analysis of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha reveals that R2R3MYB activation of flavonoid production in response to abiotic stress is an ancient character in land plants
Authors: Albert Nick W. , Thrimawithana Amali H. , McGhie Tony K. , Clayton William A. , Deroles Simon C. , Schwinn Kathy E. , Bowman John L. , Jordan Brian R. , Davies Kevin M. 
Published: January 2018

Summary

The flavonoid pathway is hypothesized to have evolved during land colonization by plants c. 450 Myr ago for protection against abiotic stresses. In angiosperms, R2R3MYB transcription factors are key for environmental regulation of flavonoid production. However, angiosperm R2R3MYB gene families are larger than those of basal plants, and it is not known whether the regulatory system is conserved across land plants. We examined whether R2R3MYBs regulate the flavonoid pathway in liverworts, one of the earliest diverging land plant lineages.

We characterized MpMyb14 from the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha using genetic mutagenesis, transgenic overexpression, gene promoter analysis, and transcriptomic and chemical analysis. MpMyb14 is phylogenetically basal to characterized angiosperm R2R3MYB flavonoid regulators.

Mpmyb14 knockout lines lost all red pigmentation from the flavonoid riccionidin A, whereas overexpression conferred production of large amounts of flavones and riccionidin A, activation of associated biosynthetic genes, and constitutive red pigmentation. MpMyb14 expression and flavonoid pigmentation were induced by light‐ and nutrient‐deprivation stress in M. polymorpha as for anthocyanins in angiosperms.

MpMyb14 regulates stress‐induced flavonoid production in M. polymorpha, and is essential for red pigmentation. This suggests that R2R3MYB regulated flavonoid production is a conserved character across land plants which arose early during land colonization.
A matter of maturity: To delay or not to delay? Continuous‐time compartmental models of structured populations in the literature 2000–2016
Authors: Robertson Suzanne L. , Henson Shandelle M. , Robertson Timothy , Cushing J. M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractStructured compartmental models in mathematical biology track age classes, stage classes, or size classes of a population. Structured modeling becomes important when mechanistic formulations or intraspecific interactions are class‐dependent. The classic derivation of such models from partial differential equations produces time delays in the transition rates between classes. In particular, the transition from juvenile to adult has a delay equal to the maturation period of the organism. In the literature, many structured compartmental models, posed as ordinary differential equations, omit this delay. We reviewed occurrences of continuous‐time compartmental models for age‐ and stage‐structured populations in the recent literature (2000–2016) to discover which papers did so. About half of the 249 papers we reviewed used a maturation delay. Papers with ecological models were more likely to have the delay than papers with disease models, and mathematically focused papers were more likely to have the delay than biologically focused papers.Recommendations for Resource Managers
Interacting populations often are modeled with systems of ordinary differential equations in which the state variables are numbers of individuals of each species and interaction terms depend only on the current state of the system.
Single‐population continuous‐time models with age‐ or stage‐structure, in which state variables represent numbers of individuals in classes such as juveniles and adults, often but not always contain maturation time delays in the transition rates between classes. The exclusion of the delay typically changes the model dynamics.
Managers should be aware of the maturation delay issue when considering the results of continuous‐time models of structured populations.
Discrete‐time models have an inherent time delay, set by the census time step chosen by the modeler, and for that reason are convenient for modeling maturation and other biological delays.
The role of autophagy in the regulation of yeast life span
Authors: Tyler Jessica K. , Johnson Jay E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe goal of the aging field is to develop novel therapeutic interventions that extend human health span and reduce the burden of age‐related disease. While organismal aging is a complex, multifactorial process, a popular theory is that cellular aging is a significant contributor to the progressive decline inherent to all multicellular organisms. To explore the molecular determinants that drive cellular aging, as well as how to retard them, researchers have utilized the highly genetically tractable budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Indeed, every intervention known to extend both cellular and organismal health span was identified in yeast, underlining the power of this approach. Importantly, a growing body of work has implicated the process of autophagy as playing a critical role in the delay of aging. This review summarizes recent reports that have identified a role for autophagy, or autophagy factors in the extension of yeast life span. These studies demonstrate (1) that yeast remains an invaluable tool for the identification and characterization of conserved mechanisms that promote cellular longevity and are likely to be relevant to humans, and (2) that the process of autophagy has been implicated in nearly all known longevity‐promoting manipulations and thus represents an ideal target for interventions aimed at improving human health span.
The Long‐Term Durability of Multilumen Concentric Percutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulator Leads
Authors: Simopoulos Thomas , Sharma Sanjiv , Aner Moris , Gill Jatinder S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundLead fracture is a well‐known complication of cylindrical spinal cord stimulator leads. In order to reduce this complication, anchor design and techniques have been modified, but internal lead design has received little attention.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to study the impact of lead design by a retrospective determination of the fracture rate of multilumen concentric (MLC) 8‐contact leads.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.MethodsA registry of spinal cord stimulator implants and corresponding billing data were used to identify patients. Procedural details were reviewed for technique, lead insertion, anchoring details, manufacturer, and lead longevity from 2002 to 2014. Data storage was in RedCap data‐capturing software (REDCap eData Collection web‐based application). All analyses were performed using SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, U.S.A.).ResultsIn a near 12"‐year time period, 172 patients received 305 permanently implanted 8‐contact leads, with an overall fracture rate of 4.3%. Of these, 191 leads were of the MLC design. No lead fracture was observed in the MLC leads over an average 4.5 years of follow‐up.LimitationRetrospective single center.ConclusionMLC lead design has the potential to significantly mitigate lead fracture.
Clonidine as a preoperative sedative
Authors: Henry Robert G. , Raybould Ted P. , Romond Kelli , Kouzoukas Dimitrios E. , Challman Sandra D. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to ­examine the use of oral clonidine as a preoperative sedative prior to parenteral moderate sedation. Initially, four patients were given 0.2 mg oral clonidine but reduced to 0.1 mg clonidine due to ­significant drops in blood pressure. Oral clonidine doses of 0.1 mg were then given to 19 patients preoperatively. In all these patients, blood pressure measurements decreased, but there were no significant differences in amounts of sedative agents needed in the clonidine group and the control group (N = 80). The conclusions reached suggest that clonidine has an advantage over other preoperative sedation agents in anxious patients exhibiting hypertension and tachycardia. However, the preop ideal dose required to reduce the amount of sedative drugs used as well as provide anxiolysis remains unknown. In further studies, different doses should be explored to determine what dosage of clonidine may offer hemodynamic protection as well as decrease sedative drugs needed.
Depositional model for lacustrine nearshore subaqueous fans in a rift basin: The Eocene Shahejie Formation, Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Cao Yingchang , Wang Yanzhong , Gluyas Jonathan Gordon , Liu Huimin , Liu Haining , Song Mingshui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe origin of the fourth member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation in the northern steep slopes of the Minfeng Sub‐sag, Dongying Sag, China, was investigated by integrating core studies and flume tank depositional simulations. A non‐channelized depositional model is proposed in this paper for nearshore subaqueous fans in steep fault‐controlled slopes of lacustrine rift basins. The deposits of nearshore subaqueous fans along the base of steep border‐fault slopes of rift basins are typically composed of deep‐water coarse‐grained sediment gravity‐flow deposits directly sourced from adjacent footwalls. Sedimentation processes of nearshore subaqueous fans respond to tectonic activities of boundary faults and to seasonal rainfall. During tectonically active stages, subaqueous debris flows triggered by episodic movements of border‐faults dominate the sedimentation. During tectonically quiescent stages, hyperpycnal flows generated by seasonal rainfall‐generated floods, normal discharges of mountain‐derived rivers and deep‐lacustrine suspension sedimentation are commonly present. The results of a series of flume tank depositional simulations show that the sediments deposited by subaqueous debris flows are wedge‐shaped and non‐channelized, whereas the sediments deposited by hyperpycnal flows generated by sporadic floods from seasonal rainfall are characterized by non‐channelized, coarse‐grained lobate depositional bodies which switch laterally because of compensation sedimentation of hyperpycanal flows. The hyperpycnal‐flow‐deposited non‐channelized lobate depositional bodies can be divided into a main body and lateral edges. The main body can be further subdivided into a proximal part, middle part and frontal part. Normal mountain‐derived river‐discharge‐deposited sediments are characterized by thin‐bedded, fine‐grained sandstones and siltstones with a limited distribution range. Normal mountain‐derived river‐discharge‐deposited sediments and deep‐lacustrine mudstones are commonly eroded in the area close to boundary faults. A nearshore subaqueous fan can be divided into three segments: inner fan, middle fan and outer fan. The inner fan is composed of debrites and the proximal part of the main body. The middle fan consists of the middle part of the main body and lateral edges, normal mountain‐derived river‐discharge‐deposited fine‐grained sediments and deep‐lacustrine mudstones. The outer fan comprises the frontal part of the main body, lateral edges, and deep‐lacustrine mudstones. Based on the non‐channelized depositional model for nearshore subaqueous fans, criteria for stratigraphic subdivision and correlation are discussed and applied.
Influence of excessive exercise on immunity, metabolism, and gut microbial diversity in an overtraining mice model
Authors: Yuan Xin , Xu Shijie , Huang Haiyang , Liang Jian , Wu Yayun , Li Chujie , Yuan Huiqi , Zhao Xuejie , Lai Xiaoping , Hou Shaozhen 
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the negative influence of excessive exercise on immunity, substance and energy metabolism as well as gut microbiota in mice. Firstly, an overtraining model of Male Kunming mice was established by high‐intensity swimming exercise for 4 weeks. Then, a series of evaluation indicators, including the routine blood analysis, immune organ coefficient, digestive enzymes, and aquaporins expression levels of small intestine and colon tissue, histological examinations of liver, spleen, small intestine, and colon, were determined based on this model. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was also employed to measure the microbial composition in gut. The results found that immune parameters, substance and energy metabolism of all mice was altered and disturbed after high‐intensity swimming for 4 weeks, led to an atrophy of thymus and spleen as well as abnormal structural changes in liver when compared to non‐swimming mice. Besides, excessive swimming mice had lower microbial diversity compared to non‐swimming mice. However, there was no significant difference in gut microbial taxa between the two groups. The data indicated that excessive exercise exhibits negative impacts on immunity, substance and energy metabolism as well as gut microbial diversity.