bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase Reduces Cyanate to Cyanide
Authors: Ciaccafava Alexandre , Tombolelli Daria , Domnik Lilith , Jeoung Jae‐Hun , Dobbek Holger , Mroginski Maria‐Andrea , Zebger Ingo , Hildebrandt Peter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe biocatalytic function of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) has a high environmental relevance owing to its ability to reduce CO2. Despite numerous studies on CODH over the past decades, its catalytic mechanism is not yet fully understood. In the present combined spectroscopic and theoretical study, we report first evidences for a cyanate (NCO−) to cyanide (CN−) reduction at the C‐cluster. The adduct remains bound to the catalytic center to form the so‐called CN−‐inhibited state. Notably, this conversion does not occur in crystals of the Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans CODH enzyme (CODHIICh), as indicated by the lack of the corresponding CN− stretching mode. The transformation of NCO−, which also acts as an inhibitor of the two‐electron‐reduced Cred2 state of CODH, could thus mimic CO2 turnover and open new perspectives for elucidation of the detailed catalytic mechanism of CODH.
Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhu Chengzhou , Fu Shaofang , Shi Qiurong , Du Dan , Lin Yuehe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the production of sustainable and renewable energy. However, the electrochemical performances of the various systems are limited, and there is an intensive search for highly efficient electrocatalysts by more rational control over the size, shape, composition, and structure. Of particular interest are the studies on single‐atom catalysts (SACs), which have sparked new interests in electrocatalysis because of their high catalytic activity, stability, selectivity, and 100 % atom utilization. In this Review, we introduce innovative syntheses and characterization techniques for SACs, with a focus on their electrochemical applications in the oxygen reduction/evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and hydrocarbon conversion reactions for fuel cells (electrooxidation of methanol, ethanol, and formic acid). The electrocatalytic performance is further considered at an atomic level and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. The ultimate goal is the tailoring of single atoms for electrochemical applications.
Induced‐Fit Recognition of CCG Trinucleotide Repeats by a Nickel–Chromomycin Complex Resulting in Large‐Scale DNA Deformation
Authors: Tseng Wen‐Hsuan , Chang Chung‐ke , Wu Pei‐Ching , Hu Nien‐Jen , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Tzeng Ching‐Cherng , Neidle Stephen , Hou Ming‐Hon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSmall‐molecule compounds targeting trinucleotide repeats in DNA have considerable potential as therapeutic or diagnostic agents against many neurological diseases. NiII(Chro)2 (Chro=chromomycin A3) binds specifically to the minor groove of (CCG)n repeats in duplex DNA, with unique fluorescence features that may serve as a probe for disease detection. Crystallographic studies revealed that the specificity originates from the large‐scale spatial rearrangement of the DNA structure, including extrusion of consecutive bases and backbone distortions, with a sharp bending of the duplex accompanied by conformational changes in the NiII chelate itself. The DNA deformation of CCG repeats upon binding forms a GGCC tetranucleotide tract, which is recognized by NiII(Chro)2. The extruded cytosine and last guanine nucleotides form water‐mediated hydrogen bonds, which aid in ligand recognition. The recognition can be accounted for by the classic induced‐fit paradigm.
Effects of polymer properties on jetting performance of electrohydrodynamic printing
Authors: Bae Jaehyun , Lee Jaewoong , Hyun Kim Se 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTWe perform systematic study on the jetting performance of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) with an insulating polymers such as polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). EHD printing applies electrostatic field to ink droplet hang on nozzle tip, which causes the deformation of the meniscus to generate discrete droplets or continuous jet stream. Although EHD jetting mechanism has been frequently investigated with conducting or semiconducting materials, there still needs to elucidate EHD jetting of insulating polymer materials for producing controllable droplets. In the present study, we focused on how the physical/chemical properties (conductivity, dielectric constant, and molecular weight) of an insulating polymer affect jetting behavior of EHD printing (especially, the deformation of the meniscus and the corresponding morphology of the printed one). The relationship between the printing parameters and applied voltage is also investigated, thereby allowing the optimization of EHD printings for PS and PMMA. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45044.
Podocyte Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasomes Contributes to the Development of Proteinuria in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Fu Rong , Guo Chaohuan , Wang Shuang , Huang Yuefang , Jin Ou , Hu Haoqiang , Chen Jingxian , Xu Bihua , Zhou Mianjing , Zhao Jijun , Sung Sun‐sang J. , Wang Hongyang , Gaskin Felicia , Yang Niansheng , Fu Shu Man 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveDevelopment of proteinuria in lupus nephritis (LN) is associated with podocyte dysfunction. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of LN. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether NLRP3 inflammasome activation is involved in the development of podocyte injury in LN.MethodsA fluorescence‐labeled caspase 1 inhibitor probe was used to detect the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in podocytes derived from lupus‐prone NZM2328 mice and from renal biopsy tissues obtained from patients with LN. MCC950, a selective inhibitor of NLRP3, was used to treat NZM2328 mice. Proteinuria, podocyte ultrastructure, and renal pathology were evaluated. In vitro, sera from diseased NZM2328 mice were used to stimulate a podocyte cell line, and the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsNLRP3 inflammasomes were activated in podocytes from lupus‐prone mice and from patients with LN. Inhibition of NLRP3 with MCC950 ameliorated proteinuria, renal histologic lesions, and podocyte foot process effacement in lupus‐prone mice. In vitro, sera from diseased NZM2328 mice activated NLRP3 inflammasomes in the podocyte cell line through the production of reactive oxygen species.ConclusionNLRP3 inflammasomes were activated in podocytes from lupus‐prone mice and from LN patients. Activation of NLRP3 is involved in the pathogenesis of podocyte injuries and the development of proteinuria in LN.
Effects of Teriparatide on Joint Erosions in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Solomon D. H. , Kay J. , Duryea J. , Lu B. , Bolster M. B. , Yood R. A. , Han R. , Ball S. , Coleman C. , Lo E. , Wohlfahrt A. , Sury M. , Yin M. , Yu Z. , Zak A. , Gravallese E. M. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveArticular erosions correlate with disability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Biologic agents reduce erosion progression in RA, but erosion healing occurs infrequently. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of the anabolic agent teriparatide on joint erosion volume in RA patients treated with a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi).MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial in 24 patients with erosive RA, osteopenia, and disease activity controlled by TNFi treatment for at least 3 months. Half were randomized to receive teriparatide for 1 year and the others constituted a wait‐list control group. Subjects and primary rheumatologists were not blinded with regard to treatment assignment, but all outcomes were assessed in a blinded manner. The primary outcome measure was change in erosion volume determined by computed tomography at 6 anatomic sites. Significance within each hand and anatomic site was based on a 2‐tailed test, with P values less than 0.05 considered significant.ResultsBaseline characteristics of the treatment groups were well balanced. After 52 weeks, the median change in erosion volume in the teriparatide group was −0.4 mm3 (interquartile range [IQR] −34.5, 29.6) and did not differ significantly from that in controls (median change +9.1 mm3 [IQR −29.6, 26.4]) (P = 0.28). No significant difference in change in erosion volume was noted at the radius, ulna, or metacarpophalangeal joints. Bone mineral density improved at the femoral neck and lumbar spine in the teriparatide group.ConclusionOur findings indicate that teriparatide treatment for 1 year does not significantly reduce erosion volume in the hands or wrists of patients with established RA with disease activity controlled by TNFi treatment.
Exacerbation of Aging‐Associated and Instability‐Induced Murine Osteoarthritis With Deletion of D Prostanoid Receptor 1, a Prostaglandin D2 Receptor
Authors: Ouhaddi Yassine , Nebbaki Sarah‐Salwa , Habouri Lauris , Afif Hassan , Lussier Bertrand , Kapoor Mohit , Narumiya Shuh , Pelletier Jean‐Pierre , Martel‐Pelletier Johanne , Benderdour Mohamed , Fahmi Hassan 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveD prostanoid receptor 1 (DP1), a receptor for prostaglandin D2, plays important roles in inflammation and cartilage metabolism. However, its role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) remains unknown. This study was undertaken to explore the roles of DP1 in the development of OA in murine models and to evaluate the efficacy of a DP1 selective agonist in the treatment of OA.MethodsThe development of aging‐associated OA and destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)–induced OA was compared between DP1‐deficient (DP1−/−) and wild‐type (WT) mice. The progression of OA was assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and micro–computed tomography. Cartilage explants from DP1−/− and WT mice were treated with interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α) ex vivo, to evaluate proteoglycan degradation. The effect of intraperitoneal administration of the DP1 selective agonist BW245C on OA progression was evaluated in WT mice.ResultsCompared to WT mice, DP1−/− mice had exacerbated cartilage degradation in both models of OA, and this was associated with increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 and ADAMTS‐5. In addition, DP1−/− mice demonstrated enhanced subchondral bone changes. Cartilage explants from DP1−/− mice showed enhanced proteoglycan degradation following treatment with IL‐1α. Intraperitoneal injection of BW245C attenuated the severity of DMM‐induced cartilage degradation and bony changes in WT mice.ConclusionThese findings indicate a critical role for DP1 signaling in OA pathogenesis. Modulation of the functions of DP1 may constitute a potential therapeutic target for the development of novel OA treatments.
Hydrogen bond‐Driven Self–Assembly between Amidinium Cations and Carboxylate Anions: A Combined Molecular Dynamics, NMR Spectroscopy, and Single Crystal X‐ray Diffraction Study
Authors: Thomas Michael , Anglim Lagones Thomas , Judd Martyna , Morshedi Mahbod , O'Mara Megan L. , White Nicholas G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA combination of molecular dynamics (MD), NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) techniques was used to probe the self–assembly of para‐ and meta‐bis(amidinium) compounds with para‐, meta‐, and ortho‐dicarboxylates. Good concordance was observed between the MD and experimental results. In DMSO solution, the systems form several rapidly exchanging assemblies, in part because a range of hydrogen bonding interactions is possible between the amidinium and carboxylate moieties. Upon crystallization, the majority of the systems form 1D supramolecular polymers, which are held together by short N−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds.
Aziridine‐Mediated Ligation at Phenylalanine and Tryptophan Sites
Authors: Bajaj Kiran , Sakhuja Rajeev 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn efficient approach towards peptide synthesis that allows easy access to variety of small peptides via one‐pot aziridine‐mediated ligation/desulfurization strategy has been described. The protocol afforded a library of phenylalanine‐ and tryptophan‐containing α‐peptides in good yields by regioselective ring‐opening of aziridine‐3‐aryl‐2‐carboxylates with peptide thioacids, followed by desulfurization.
Production of microbial biosurfactants: Status quo of rhamnolipid and surfactin towards large‐scale production
Authors: Henkel Marius , Geissler Mareen , Weggenmann Fabiola , Hausmann Rudolf 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSurfactants are an important class of industrial chemicals. Nowadays oleochemical surfactants such as alkyl polyglycosides (APGs) become increasingly important. This trend towards the utilization of renewable resources continues and consumers increasingly demand for environmentally friendly products. Consequently, research in microbial surfactants has drastically increased in the last years. While for mannosylerythritol lipids and sophorolipids established industrial processes exist, an implementation of other microbially derived surfactants has not yet been achieved. Amongst these biosurfactants, rhamnolipids synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and surfactin produced by Bacillus subtilis are so far the most analyzed biosurfactants due to their exceptional properties and the concomitant possible applications. In this review, a general overview is given regarding the current status of biosurfactants and benefits attributed to these molecules. Furthermore, the most recent research approaches for both rhamnolipids and surfactin are presented with respect to possible methods for industrial processes and the occurring drawbacks and limitations researchers have to address and overcome.
Picture free recall performance linked to the brain's structural connectome
Authors: Coynel David , Gschwind Leo , Fastenrath Matthias , Freytag Virginie , Milnik Annette , Spalek Klara , Papassotiropoulos Andreas , de Quervain Dominique J.‐F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionMemory functions are highly variable between healthy humans. The neural correlates of this variability remain largely unknown.MethodsHere, we investigated how differences in free recall performance are associated with DTI‐based properties of the brain's structural connectome and with grey matter volumes in 664 healthy young individuals tested in the same MR scanner.ResultsGlobal structural connectivity, but not overall or regional grey matter volumes, positively correlated with recall performance. Moreover, a set of 22 inter‐regional connections, including some with no previously reported relation to human memory, such as the connection between the temporal pole and the nucleus accumbens, explained 7.8% of phenotypic variance.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this large‐scale study indicates that individual memory performance is associated with the level of structural brain connectivity.
Are there differences in brain morphology according to handedness?
Authors: Jang Han , Lee Jae Youn , Lee Kang Il , Park Kang Min 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the differences in brain morphology according to handedness.Materials and MethodsForty‐two healthy subjects were enrolled (21 right‐handers and 21 nonright‐handers). The two groups were classified according to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Measures of cortical morphology, such as thickness, surface area, volume, and curvature, and the volumes of subcortical structures, such as the amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, globus pallidus, putamen, and thalamus, were compared between the groups according to handedness using whole‐brain 3D T1‐weighted MRI. In addition, we investigated the white matter differences between the groups using diffusion tensor imaging. Moreover, we quantified correlations between the handedness scales of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and each measure of different brain morphologies.ResultsThe volumes of the right putamen and left globus pallidus in nonright‐handed participants were significantly larger than those who were right‐handed (0.3559 vs. 0.3155%, p = .0028; 0.1101 vs. 0.0975%, p = .0025; respectively). Moreover, the volumes of the right putamen and left globus pallidus were negatively correlated with the handedness scales of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (r = −.392, p = .0101; r = −.361, p = .0189; respectively). However, the cortex morphology and the other subcortical volumes were not significantly different between the two groups. In addition, we did not find any white matter differences between the groups.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that there were significant differences in brain morphology between right‐handers and nonright‐handers, especially in the basal ganglia, which could produce differences in motor control according to handedness.
Germline INDELs and CNVs in a cohort of colorectal cancer patients: their characteristics, associations with relapse‐free survival time, and potential time‐varying effects on the risk of relapse
Authors: Werdyani Salem , Yu Yajun , Skardasi Georgia , Xu Jingxiong , Shestopaloff Konstantin , Xu Wei , Dicks Elizabeth , Green Jane , Parfrey Patrick , Yilmaz Yildiz E. , Savas Sevtap 
Published: May 2017

AbstractINDELs and CNVs are structural variations that may play roles in cancer susceptibility and patient outcomes. Our objectives were a) to computationally detect and examine the genome‐wide INDEL/CNV profiles in a cohort of colorectal cancer patients, and b) to examine the associations of frequent INDELs/CNVs with relapse‐free survival time. We also identified unique variants in 13 Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X (FCCX) cases. The study cohort consisted of 495 colorectal cancer patients. QuantiSNP and PennCNV algorithms were utilized to predict the INDELs/CNVs using genome‐wide signal intensity data. Duplex PCR was used to validate predictions for 10 variants. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to test the associations of 106 common variants with relapse‐free survival time. Score test and the multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with time‐varying coefficients were applied to identify the variants with time‐varying effects on the relapse‐free survival time. A total of 3486 distinct INDELs/CNVs were identified in the patient cohort. The majority of these variants were rare (83%) and deletion variants (81%). The results of the computational predictions and duplex PCR results were highly concordant (93–100%). We identified four promising variants significantly associated with relapse‐free survival time (P < 0.05) in the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models after adjustment for clinical factors. More importantly, two additional variants were identified to have time‐varying effects on the risk of relapse. Finally, 58 rare variants were identified unique to the FCCX cases; none of them were detected in more than one patient. This is one of the first genome‐wide analyses that identified the germline INDEL/CNV profiles in colorectal cancer patients. Our analyses identified novel variants and genes that can biologically affect the risk of relapse in colorectal cancer patients. Additionally, for the first time, we identified germline variants that can potentially be early‐relapse markers in colorectal cancer.
Optimization of liposomal topotecan for use in treating neuroblastoma
Authors: Chernov Lina , Deyell Rebecca J. , Anantha Malathi , Dos Santos Nancy , Gilabert‐Oriol Roger , Bally Marcel B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to develop an optimized liposomal formulation of topotecan for use in the treatment of patients with neuroblastoma. Drug exposure time studies were used to determine that topotecan (Hycamtin) exhibited great cytotoxic activity against SK‐N‐SH, IMR‐32 and LAN‐1 neuroblastoma human cell lines. Sphingomyelin (SM)/cholesterol (Chol) and 1,2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DSPC)/Chol liposomes were prepared using extrusion methods and then loaded with topotecan by pH gradient and copper‐drug complexation. In vitro studies showed that SM/Chol liposomes retained topotecan significantly better than DSPC/Chol liposomes. Decreasing the drug‐to‐lipid ratio engendered significant increases in drug retention. Dose‐range finding studies on NRG mice indicated that an optimized SM/Chol liposomal formulation of topotecan prepared with a final drug‐to‐lipid ratio of 0.025 (mol: mol) was better tolerated than the previously described DSPC/Chol topotecan formulation. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the optimized SM/Chol liposomal topotecan exhibited a 10‐fold increase in plasma half‐life and a 1000‐fold increase in AUC0–24 h when compared with Hycamtin administered at equivalent doses (5 mg/kg). In contrast to the great extension in exposure time, SM/Chol liposomal topotecan increased the life span of mice with established LAN‐1 neuroblastoma tumors only modestly in a subcutaneous and systemic model. The extension in exposure time may still not be sufficient and the formulation may require further optimization. In the future, liposomal topotecan will be assessed in combination with high‐dose radiotherapy such as 131I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine, and immunotherapy treatment modalities currently used in neuroblastoma therapy.
LncRNA‐TCONS_00026907 is involved in the progression and prognosis of cervical cancer through inhibiting miR‐143‐5p
Authors: Jin Xuejing , Chen Xiangjian , Hu Yan , Ying Furong , Zou Ruanmin , Lin Feng , Shi Zhengzheng , Zhu Xuejie , Yan Xiaojian , Li Shi , Zhu Hua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOur previous long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) microarray revealed that lncRNA‐TCONS_00026907 is aberrantly expressed between cervical cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. This study aims to explore the potential role of TCONS_00026907 in the development of cervical cancer. The expression levels of TCONS_00026907 in cervical cancer tissues and adjacent tissues from 83 patients of cervical cancer were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and the survival rate was analyzed. In vitro, HeLa and SiHa cells were transfected with small hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐TCONS_00026907, then cell proliferation, cycle distribution, apoptosis, migration and invasion were measured. To confirm TCONS_00026907 regulates expression of ELK1 through inhibiting miR‐143‐5p, overexpression of miR‐143‐5p and silencing of ELK1 were, respectively, performed in HeLa and SiHa cells. Results showed that TCONS_00026907 level was significantly higher in cervical cancer tissues compared to noncancerous tissues and the survival rate was lower in the high expression group. Silencing of TCONS_00026907, overexpression of miR‐143‐5p and silencing of ELK1 inhibited cervical cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and invasion, but promoted apoptosis, respectively. Furthermore, silencing of TCONS_00026907 suppressed the growth of cervical tumors and altered the expression of ELK1, p‐ELK1, C‐fos, Cyclin D1 and Bcl‐2 in vivo. Our study identifies TCONS_00026907 as a potent proto‐oncogene and indicates that TCONS_00026907/miR143‐5p/ELK1 regulatory pathway plays an important role in cervical cancer.