bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A HIGHER-ORDER APPROACH TO DISAGREEMENT
Authors: Rasmussen Mattias Skipper , Steglich-Petersen Asbjørn , Bjerring Jens Christian 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTWhile many philosophers have agreed that evidence of disagreement is a kind of higher-order evidence, this has not yet resulted in formally precise higher-order approaches to the problem of disagreement. In this paper, we outline a simple formal framework for determining the epistemic significance of a body of higher-order evidence, and use this framework to motivate a novel interpretation of the popular “equal weight view” of peer disagreement – we call it the Variably Equal Weight View (VEW). We show that VEW differs from the standard Split the Difference (SD) interpretation of the equal weight view in almost all cases of peer disagreement, and use our formal framework to explain why SD has seemed attractive but is in fact misguided. A desirable feature of VEW, we argue, is that it gives rise to plausible instances ofsynergy– an effect whereby the parties to a disagreement should become more (or less) confident in the disputed proposition than any of them were prior to disagreement. Lastly, we show how VEW may be generalized to cases of non-peer disagreement.
Explaining how group model building supports enduring agreement
Authors: Scott Rodney James 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSystem dynamics models are typically used to simulate the behaviour of the problem system under discussion environment, to help understand and solve complex problems. Group model building is a social process for including client groups in the system dynamics modelling process. Recent evidence suggests group model building is useful in supporting durable group decisions by supporting the mental models of participants to become more aligned. There have been several mechanisms proposed to explain these effects. This paper creates a combined model that links the five best-supported mechanisms. The combined model suggests five core conditions of group model building that contributes to its success: completing a structured task, producing a tangible artefact, representing system complexity, the portrayal of causal links, and easy modification or transformation of the artefact by participants. Practitioners are encouraged to use group decision approaches that integrate these conditions.
EMPEDOCLES’ ON NATURE FRR. B 8–9 IN THE CONTEXT OF PLUTARCH'S AGAINST COLOTES
Authors: Janko Richard 
Published: April 2017

The Epicurean Colotes, in a work entitled Περὶ τοῦ ὅτι κατὰ τὰ τῶν ἄλλων φιλοσόφων οὐδὲ ζῆν ἔστιν, cited two fragments of Empedocles in order to prove that the poet denied that existence exists (frr. B 8–9 DK = 12–13 Wright). Both are prominent in controversies about Empedocles’ physics and his usage of the term φύσις, but fr. 9 is very corrupt. To have any hope of restoring it, we will need to examine carefully Plutarch's explication de texte in his Adversus Colotem (10–12, 1111f–1113e). Although there have been two detailed treatments of this passage, neither has resolved the difficulties.
THE TRIUMPH OF THE STATE: SINGAPORE'S DOCKWORKERS AND THE LIMITS OF GLOBAL HISTORY, c. 1920–1965
Authors: CURLESS GARETH 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLabour history has been revitalized by the global turn. It has encouraged historians to look beyond national frameworks to explore issues relating to mobility and inter-territorial connection. This article, while accepting the benefits of a global approach, argues that historians should not lose sight of the factors that constrain mobility or lead to the collapse of cross-border exchanges. Singapore's dockworkers were at the forefront of the island's anti-colonial campaigns of the 1940s and 1950s. Inspired by anti-colonial movements elsewhere in the world, dockworkers drew on international discourses relating to self-determination to place their local struggles in a global context. This activism, however, coincided with the emergence of countervailing forces, including the universalization of the nation-state and the rise of state-led developmentalism. In this context, dockworkers’ internationalism came to be regarded as a threat to state sovereignty and development. As a result, once Singapore achieved independence the ruling People's Action Party encouraged dockworkers to abandon their globalized outlook in the name of modernization and nation building. Global history, then, should be as much about the rise of the national as the transnational, and the loss of connection as the forging of inter-territorial networks.
Relationship between interatrial communication, ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary flow patterns in fetuses with transposition of the great arteries: prediction of neonatal desaturation
Authors: Vaujois Laurence , Boucoiran Isabelle , Preuss Christophe , Brassard Myriam , Houde Christine , Fouron Jean C. , Raboisson Marie-Josée 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between interatrial communication, ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary flow in transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum may help predict postnatal desaturation.MethodsEchocardiographic data of 45 fetuses with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum and 50 age-matched controls were retrospectively reviewed. Interatrial communication, left and right ventricular output, flow in the ductus arteriosus, as well as effective pulmonary flow were measured. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of postnatal saturations: group 1 had saturations ⩽50% and group 2 >50%.ResultsOf 45 fetuses, 13 (26.7%) were classified into group 1. Compared with fetuses in group 2, they had a smaller interatrial communication (2.9 versus 4.0 mm, p=0.004) and more retrograde diastolic flow in the ductus arteriosus (92 versus 23%, p=0.002). Both groups showed a significant decrease in ductal flow compared with controls. Patients in group 2 had a higher effective pulmonary flow compared with controls. There was a mild correlation between left ventricular output and size of the interatrial communication (Spearman’s rank correlation 0.44).ConclusionA retrograde diastolic flow is present in most of the fetuses with postnatal desaturation. Fetuses with transposition of the great arteries have a lower flow through the ductus arteriosus compared with controls. Fetuses without restrictive foramen ovale have higher effective pulmonary flow. Peripheral pulmonary vasodilatation due to higher oxygen saturation in pulmonary arteries in the case of transposition of the great arteries could be one possible cause.
Developmental screening in children with CHD: Ages and Stages Questionnaires
Authors: Noeder Maia M. , Logan Beth A. , Struemph Kari L. , Condon Nancy , Mueller Isabel , Sands Barbara , Davies Ryan R. , Sood Erica 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveStandardised developmental screening tools are important for the evaluation and management of developmental disorders in children with CHD; however, psychometric properties and clinical utility of screening tools, such as the Ages & Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3), have not been examined in the CHD population. We hypothesised that the ASQ-3 would be clinically useful for this population.Study designASQ-3 developmental classifications for 163 children with CHD at 6, 12, 24, and/or 36 months of age were compared with those obtained from concurrent developmental testing with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition.ResultsWhen ASQ-3 screening failure was defined as ⩾1 SD below the normative mean, specificity (⩾81.9%) and negative predictive value (⩾81.0%) were high across ASQ-3 areas. Sensitivity was high for gross motor skills (79.6%), increased with age for communication (35.7–100%), and generally decreased with age for problem solving (73.1–50.0%). When ASQ-3 screening failure was defined as ⩾2 SD below the normative mean, specificity (⩾93.6%) and positive predictive value (⩾74.5%) were generally high across ASQ-3 areas, but sensitivity was low (31.1%) to fair (62.8%). The ASQ-3 showed improved accuracy in predicting delays over clinical risk factors alone.ConclusionsThe ASQ-3 appears to be a clinically useful tool for screening development in children with CHD, although its utility varied on the basis of developmental area and time point. Clinicians are encouraged to refer children scoring ⩾1 SD below the normative mean on any ASQ-3 area for formal developmental evaluation.
The Ancient and Modern Power of Islamic Sermons in Contemporary Pakistan
Authors: ROBINSON SAM 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDespite the Pakistan-Afghan border's importance as the epicentre of regional insurgency, the mechanisms by which Friday sermons may be stimulating Islamic ideology have been understudied. From an analysis of 250 hours of sermons in the local Pashto language, interviews withmullahsand survey work, Robinson argues that sermons are a powerful means by which sectarian tensions and traditional ideologies are propagated. Their influence is derived from an irresistible synergy of both ancient and modern. They gain traction from using a highly credible ancient sermon form - rich in poetics and sparkling oratory - which is multiplied by the use of modern media. The religious ideology they traffic continues to grip the imagination of Pashtuns in ways which shape their society and provides a bulwark against secular intruders.
Mental health service use, depression, panic disorder and life events among Swedish young adults in 2000 and 2010: a repeated cross-sectional population study in Stockholm County, Sweden
Authors: Lundin A. , Forsell Y. , Dalman C. 
Published: April 2017

Aims.The use of specialised psychiatric services for depression and anxiety has increased steadily among young people in Sweden during recent years. It is not known to what extent this service use is due to an increase in psychiatric morbidity, or whether other adversities explain these trends. The aim of this study is to examine if there is increased use of psychiatric services among young adults in Sweden between 2000 and 2010, and if so, to what extent this increase is associated with differences in depression, anxiety and negative life events.Methods.This is a repeated cross-sectional study of 20–30-year old men and women in Stockholm County in 2000 and 2010 (n = 2590 and n = 1120). Log-binomial regression analyses were conducted to compare the prevalence of service use, depression and panic disorder between the two cohorts. Self-reported life events were entered individually and as a summary index, and entered as potential mediators. Different effects of life events on service use were examined through interaction analysis. We report prevalence proportion ratios (PPR) with 95% confidence intervals.Results.Specialised psychiatric service use, but also depression and panic disorder was more common in the younger cohort (current service use 2.4 and 5.0%). The younger cohort did not report more life events overall or among those with depression or anxiety. Neither depression, panic disorder nor life events could explain the increased use of psychiatric services in the younger cohort (Fully adjusted model PPR = 1.70, 1.20–2.40 95% CI). There was no significant interaction between cohort and life events in predicting psychiatric service use.Conclusion.This study provides initial support for an increase in service use among young adults compared with 10 years earlier. The increased service use cannot be explained with increasing worse life situations.
Dopamine neuronal loss contributes to memory and reward dysfunction in a model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Nobili Annalisa , Latagliata Emanuele Claudio , Viscomi Maria Teresa , Cavallucci Virve , Cutuli Debora , Giacovazzo Giacomo , Krashia Paraskevi , Rizzo Francesca Romana , Marino Ramona , Federici Mauro , De Bartolo Paola , Aversa Daniela , Dell’Acqua Maria Concetta , Cordella Alberto , Sancandi Marco , Keller Flavio , Petrosini Laura , Puglisi-Allegra Stefano , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Coccurello Roberto , Berretta Nicola , D’Amelio Marcello 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlterations of the dopaminergic (DAergic) system are frequently reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and are commonly linked to cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms. However, the cause of DAergic system dysfunction in AD remains to be elucidated. We investigated alterations of the midbrain DAergic system in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD, overexpressing a mutated human amyloid precursor protein (APPswe). Here, we found an age-dependent DAergic neuron loss in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) at pre-plaque stages, although substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) DAergic neurons were intact. The selective VTA DAergic neuron degeneration results in lower DA outflow in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. The progression of DAergic cell death correlates with impairments in CA1 synaptic plasticity, memory performance and food reward processing. We conclude that in this mouse model of AD, degeneration of VTA DAergic neurons at pre-plaque stages contributes to memory deficits and dysfunction of reward processing.
A CD47-associated super-enhancer links pro-inflammatory signalling to CD47 upregulation in breast cancer
Authors: Betancur Paola A. , Abraham Brian J. , Yiu Ying Y. , Willingham Stephen B. , Khameneh Farnaz , Zarnegar Mark , Kuo Angera H. , McKenna Kelly , Kojima Yoko , Leeper Nicholas J. , Ho Po , Gip Phung , Swigut Tomek , Sherwood Richard I. , Clarke Michael F. , Somlo George , Young Richard A. , Weissman Irving L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCD47 is a cell surface molecule that inhibits phagocytosis of cells that express it by binding to its receptor, SIRPα, on macrophages and other immune cells. CD47 is expressed at different levels by neoplastic and normal cells. Here, to reveal mechanisms by which different neoplastic cells generate this dominant ‘don’t eat me’ signal, we analyse the CD47 regulatory genomic landscape. We identify two distinct super-enhancers (SEs) associated with CD47 in certain cancer cell types. We show that a set of active constituent enhancers, located within the two CD47 SEs, regulate CD47 expression in different cancer cell types and that disruption of CD47 SEs reduces CD47 gene expression. Finally we report that the TNF-NFKB1 signalling pathway directly regulates CD47 by interacting with a constituent enhancer located within a CD47-associated SE specific to breast cancer. These results suggest that cancers can evolve SE to drive CD47 overexpression to escape immune surveillance.
Loss of the Arp2/3 complex component ARPC1B causes platelet abnormalities and predisposes to inflammatory disease
Authors: Kahr Walter H. A. , Pluthero Fred G. , Elkadri Abdul , Warner Neil , Drobac Marko , Chen Chang Hua , Lo Richard W. , Li Ling , Li Ren , Li Qi , Thoeni Cornelia , Pan Jie , Leung Gabriella , Lara-Corrales Irene , Murchie Ryan , Cutz Ernest , Laxer Ronald M. , Upton Julia , Roifman Chaim M. , Yeung Rae S. M. , Brumell John H , Muise Aleixo M 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHuman actin-related protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3), required for actin filament branching, has two ARPC1 component isoforms, with ARPC1B prominently expressed in blood cells. Here we show in a child with microthrombocytopenia, eosinophilia and inflammatory disease, a homozygous frameshift mutation in ARPC1B (p.Val91Trpfs*30). Platelet lysates reveal no ARPC1B protein and greatly reduced Arp2/3 complex. Missense ARPC1B mutations are identified in an unrelated patient with similar symptoms and ARPC1B deficiency. ARPC1B-deficient platelets are microthrombocytes similar to those seen in Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome that show aberrant spreading consistent with loss of Arp2/3 function. Knockout of ARPC1B in megakaryocytic cells results in decreased proplatelet formation, and as observed in platelets from patients, increased ARPC1A expression. Thus loss of ARPC1B produces a unique set of platelet abnormalities, and is associated with haematopoietic/immune symptoms affecting cell lineages where this isoform predominates. In agreement with recent experimental studies, our findings suggest that ARPC1 isoforms are not functionally interchangeable.
Optimal free descriptions of many-body theories
Authors: Turner Christopher J. , Meichanetzidis Konstantinos , Papić Zlatko , Pachos Jiannis K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInteracting bosons or fermions give rise to some of the most fascinating phases of matter, including high-temperature superconductivity, the fractional quantum Hall effect, quantum spin liquids and Mott insulators. Although these systems are promising for technological applications, they also present conceptual challenges, as they require approaches beyond mean-field and perturbation theory. Here we develop a general framework for identifying the free theory that is closest to a given interacting model in terms of their ground-state correlations. Moreover, we quantify the distance between them using the entanglement spectrum. When this interaction distance is small, the optimal free theory provides an effective description of the low-energy physics of the interacting model. Our construction of the optimal free model is non-perturbative in nature; thus, it offers a theoretical framework for investigating strongly correlated systems.
The pleiotropic regulation of cyclin D1 by newly identified sesaminol-binding protein ANT2
Authors: Watanabe M , Iizumi Y , Sukeno M , Iizuka-Ohashi M , Sowa Y , Sakai T 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe expression of cyclin D1 is upregulated in various cancer cells by diverse mechanisms, such as increases in mRNA levels, the promotion of the translation by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and the protein stabilization. We here show that sesaminol, a sesame lignan, reduces the expression of cyclin D1 with decreasing mRNA expression levels, inhibiting mTORC1 signaling and promoting proteasomal degradation. We subsequently generated sesaminol-immobilized FG beads to newly identify sesaminol-binding proteins. As a consequence, we found that adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2), the inner mitochondrial membrane protein, directly bound to sesaminol. Consistent with the effects of sesaminol, the depletion of ANT2 caused a reduction in cyclin D1 with decreases in its mRNA levels, mTORC1 inhibition and the proteasomal degradation of its protein, suggesting that sesaminol negatively regulates the function of ANT2. Furthermore, we screened other ANT2-binding compounds and found that the proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist troglitazone also reduced cyclin D1 expression in a multifaceted manner, analogous to that of the sesaminol treatment and ANT2 depletion. Therefore, the chemical biology approach using magnetic FG beads employed in the present study revealed that sesaminol bound to ANT2, which may pleiotropically upregulate cyclin D1 expression at the mRNA level and protein level with mTORC1 activation and protein stabilization. These results suggest the potential of ANT2 as a target against cyclin D1-overexpressing cancers.
Use of Radiation Therapy in Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Cancer Improves Survival: A SEER Analysis
Authors: Hu Jiyi , Kong Lin , Gao Jing , Hu Weixu , Guan Xiyin , Lu Jiade J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLimited data indicated radiotherapy might provide survival benefits to patients with distantly metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (mNPC). We used the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database to examine the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of mNPC. Patients with mNPC at presentation diagnosed between 1988 and 2012 were enrolled. The outcome of interest included overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). A total of 679 patients with a median follow-up of 13 months were identified. Four hundred forty-eight patients received radiotherapy and 231 did not. Radiotherapy was associated with significantly improved OS and CSS in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Weighted Cox regression by inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using propensity score (PS) showed a 50% reduced risk of mortality in patients who received radiotherapy with regards to both OS (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.41–0.60, p < 0.001) and CSS (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.40–0.61, p < 0.001), respectively. Further, patients with a younger age (<65 year-old), diagnosed after 2003, with non-keratinizing carcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma, and who received surgery had better outcomes for both OS and CSS. Local radiotherapy was associated with improved survival in patients with mNPC. Our findings warrant prospective investigation in clinical trials.
Giant field enhancement in high-index dielectric subwavelength particles
Authors: Kapitanova Polina , Ternovski Vladimir , Miroshnichenko Andrey , Pavlov Nikita , Belov Pavel , Kivshar Yuri , Tribelsky Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBesides purely academic interest, giant field enhancement within subwavelength particles at light scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave is important for numerous applications ranging from telecommunications to medicine and biology. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the enhancement of the intensity of the magnetic field in a high-index dielectric cylinder at the proximity of the dipolar Mie resonances by more than two orders of magnitude for both the TE and TM polarizations of the incident wave. We present a complete theoretical explanation of the effect and show that the phenomenon is very general – it should be observed for any high-index particles. The results explain the huge enhancement of nonlinear effects observed recently in optics, suggesting a new landscape for all-dielectric nonlinear nanoscale photonics.
Essential turmeric oils enhance anti-inflammatory efficacy of curcumin in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis
Authors: Toden Shusuke , Theiss Arianne L. , Wang Xuan , Goel Ajay 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTurmeric has been used as a medicinal herb for thousands of years for treatment of various disorders. Although curcumin is the most studied active constituents of turmeric, accumulating evidence suggests that other components of turmeric have additional anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties. Herein, we investigated anti-inflammatory efficacy and associated gene expression alterations of a specific, curcumin preparation containing essential turmeric oils (ETO-curcumin) in comparison to standard curcumin at three specific doses (0, 5, 25 or 50 mg/kg), in an animal model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The present study showed that both ETO and standard curcumin treatments provided protection against DSS-induced inflammation. However, ETO-curcumin improved disease ﻿activity index (DAI) dose-dependently, while the anti-inflammatory efficacy of standard curcumin remained constant, suggesting that ETO-curcumin may provide superior anti-inflammatory efficacy compared to standard curcumin. Gene expression analysis revealed that anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10 and IL-11 as well as FOXP3 were upregulated in the colon by ETO-curcumin. Collectively, these findings suggest that the combined treatment of curcumin and essential turmeric oils provides superior protection from DSS-induced colitis than curcumin alone, highlighting the anti-inflammatory potential of turmeric.