bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social capital in Japan: What characteristics do public health nurses see in their communities?
Authors: Honda Hikaru , Kawaharada Mariko , Shindo Yukari , Tanaka Rie , Nakajima Ayaka , Nimura Yuki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimA concept of social capital that accounts for a community's cultural background and incorporates social capital into public health nursing practice are needed. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of social capital in the context of public health nursing in Japan.MethodsThe study interviewed 11 veteran public health nurses from five municipalities across Japan and undertook a qualitative research analysis. A digital voice recorder was used to collect qualitative data by using a background data sheet and semistructured interviews. Trustworthiness in interpreting the data was ensured by conducting 13 additional interviews with residents and collating the two sets of results.ResultsAll the participants were female: 10 were veterans with ≥15 years’ experience. Nine worked in management. The methods yielded six categories: (i) the richness of the interactions among the residents; (ii) the community residents who showed concern for those in need; (iii) community civic activities; (iv) the residents’ willingness to contribute to the community; (v) the health promotion volunteers who work alongside the public health nurses; and (vi) an enriched community environment.ConclusionThe results contribute to an understanding of social capital in the context of public health nursing activities and further research on social capital. It also is discussed how social capital can be incorporated into public health nursing activities in the future.
Study of the surfactant role in latex–aerogel systems by scanning transmission electron microscopy on aqueous suspensions
Authors: PERRET A. , FORAY G. , MASENELLI‐VARLOT K. , MAIRE E. , YRIEIX B. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryFor insulation applications, boards thinner than 2 cm are under design with specific thermal conductivities lower than 15 mW m−1 K−1. This requires binding slightly hydrophobic aerogels which are highly nanoporous granular materials. To reach this step and ensure insulation board durability at the building scale, it is compulsory to design, characterise and analyse the microstructure at the nanoscale. It is indeed necessary to understand how the solid material is formed from a liquid suspension. This issue is addressed in this paper through wet‐STEM experiments carried out in an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM). Latex–surfactant binary blends and latex–surfactant–aerogel ternary systems are studied, with two different surfactants of very different chemical structures. Image analysis is used to distinguish the different components and get quantitative morphological parameters which describe the sample architecture. The evolution of such morphological parameters during water evaporation permits a good understanding of the role of the surfactant.
Consequences of brain tumour resection on emotion recognition
Authors: Mattavelli Giulia , Pisoni Alberto , Casarotti Alessandra , Comi Alessandro , Sera Giada , Riva Marco , Bizzi Alberto , Rossi Marco , Bello Lorenzo , Papagno Costanza 
Published: July 2017

Emotion processing impairments are common in patients undergoing brain surgery for fronto‐temporal tumour resection, with potential consequences on social interactions. However, evidence is controversial concerning side and site of lesions causing such deficits. This study investigates visual and auditory emotion recognition in brain tumour patients with the aim of clarifying which lesion sites are related to impairments in emotion processing from different modalities. Thirty‐four patients were evaluated, before and after surgery, on facial expression and emotional prosody recognition; voxel‐based lesion–symptom mapping (VLSM) analyses were performed on patients’ post‐surgery MRI images. Results showed that patients’ performance decreased after surgery in both visual and auditory modalities, but, in general, recovered 3 months after surgery. In facial expression recognition, left brain‐damaged patients showed greater post‐surgery deterioration than right brain‐damaged ones, whose performance specifically decreased for sadness and fear. VLSM analysis revealed two segregated areas in the left hemisphere accounting for post‐surgery scores for happy (fronto‐temporo‐insular region) and surprised (middle frontal gyrus and inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus) facial expressions. Our findings demonstrate that surgical removal of tumours in the fronto‐temporal region produces impairment in facial emotion recognition with an overall recovery at 3 months, suggesting a partially different representation of positive and negative emotions in the left and right hemispheres for visually – but not auditory – presented emotions; moreover, we show that deficits in specific expression recognition are associated with discrete lesion locations.
The Perception‐Action Model: Counting Computational Mechanisms
Authors: Grünbaum Thor 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMilner and Goodale's Two Visual Systems Hypothesis (TVSH) is regarded as common ground in recent discussions of visual consciousness. A central part of TVSH is a functional model of vision and action (a functional perception‐action model, PAM for short). In this paper, I provide a brief overview of these current discussions and argue that there is ambiguity between a strong and a weak version of PAM. I argue that, given a standard way of individuating computational mechanisms, the available evidence cannot be used to distinguish between these versions. This not only has consequences for philosophical theories of the role of visual consciousness but also for the role of experimental evidence in model testing in cognitive neuroscience.
Clinical evaluation of β‐tubulin real‐time PCR for rapid diagnosis of dermatophytosis, a comparison with mycological methods
Authors: Motamedi Marjan , Mirhendi Hossein , Zomorodian Kamiar , Khodadadi Hossein , Kharazi Mahboobeh , Ghasemi Zeinab , Shidfar Mohammad Reza , Makimura Koichi 
Published: July 2017

SummaryFollowing our previous report on evaluation of the beta tubulin real‐time PCR for detection of dermatophytosis, this study aimed to compare the real‐time PCR assay with conventional methods for the clinical assessment of its diagnostic performance. Samples from a total of 853 patients with suspected dermatophyte lesions were subjected to direct examination (all samples), culture (499 samples) and real‐time PCR (all samples). Fungal DNA was extracted directly from clinical samples using a conical steel bullet, followed by purification with a commercial kit and subjected to the Taq‐Man probe‐based real‐time PCR. The study showed that among the 499 specimens for which all three methods were used, 156 (31.2%), 128 (25.6%) and 205 (41.0%) were found to be positive by direct microscopy, culture and real‐time PCR respectively. Real‐time PCR significantly increased the detection rate of dermatophytes compared with microscopy (288 vs 229) with 87% concordance between the two methods. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the real‐time PCR was 87.5%, 85%, 66.5% and 95.2% respectively. Although real‐time PCR performed better on skin than on nail samples, it should not yet fully replace conventional diagnosis.
An effective field screening method for flood tolerance in soybean
Authors: Wu Chengjun , Zeng Ailan , Chen Pengyin , Florez‐Palacios Liliana , Hummer Wade , Mokua Jane , Klepadlo Mariola , Yan Long , MA Qibin , Cheng Yanbo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFlooding is an abiotic stress that causes considerable reductions in crop growth and yield worldwide. Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cultivars are generally sensitive to flooding stress. The objective of this study was to develop an effective flooding tolerance screening method in the field. A total of 40 soybean genotypes were evaluated for flooding tolerance at V5 and R1 growth stages. At each stage, genotypes were exposed to different durations of flooding stress (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days). Plant foliar damage score (FDS) and plant survival rate (PSR) were used as the indicators of flooding tolerance. Soybeans were more sensitive to flooding at R1 growth stage than V5 growth stage. Length of flooding duration accounted for the variance of FDS and PSR. Soybean genotypes exposed to a 3‐day flooding in either V5 or R1 growth stage, did not show obvious foliar damage, while genotypes exposed to a 12‐ or 15‐day flooding showed significant foliar damage and plant death. The optimum flooding duration to screen for flooding tolerance in the field was determined to be 9 and 6 days for V5 and R1 growth stages, respectively, as distinguishable responses to flooding allowed genotypes to be classified as either being flooding tolerant or flooding sensitive. High correlation between FDS and PSR (.99, p < .0001) was observed. Similarly, FDS and PSR were highly correlated with grain yield (.95 and .95, p < .0001). The field screening method for flooding tolerance developed in our study will be favourable for selection of soybean flooding‐tolerant germplasm.
In vivo knockdown of antisense non‐coding mitochondrial RNAs by a lentiviral‐encoded shRNA inhibits melanoma tumor growth and lung colonization
Authors: Varas‐Godoy Manuel , Lladser Alvaro , Farfan Nicole , Villota Claudio , Villegas Jaime , Tapia Julio C. , Burzio Luis O. , Burzio Veronica A. , Valenzuela Pablo D. T. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe family of non‐coding mitochondrial RNAs (ncmtRNA) is differentially expressed according to proliferative status. Normal proliferating cells express sense (SncmtRNA) and antisense ncmtRNAs (ASncmtRNAs), whereas tumor cells express SncmtRNA and downregulate ASncmtRNAs. Knockdown of ASncmtRNAs with oligonucleotides induces apoptotic cell death of tumor cells, leaving normal cells unaffected, suggesting a potential application for developing a novel cancer therapy. In this study, we knocked down the ASncmtRNAs in melanoma cell lines with a lentiviral‐encoded shRNA approach. Transduction with lentiviral constructs targeted to the ASncmtRNAs induced apoptosis in murine B16F10 and human A375 melanoma cells in vitro and significantly retarded B16F10 primary tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, the treatment drastically reduced the number of lung metastatic foci in a tail vein injection assay, compared to controls. These results provide additional proof of concept to the knockdown of ncmtRNAs for cancer therapy and validate lentiviral–shRNA vectors for gene therapy.
Evaluating the Potential for Remote In-Process Monitoring of Tool
Wear in Friction Stir Welding of Stainless Steel
Authors: Gibson Brian T. , Tang Wei , Peterson Artie G. , Feng Zhili , Frederick Gregory J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A wear characterization study was performed to determine the useful lifetime of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tooling for the friction stir welding (FSW) of stainless steel samples in support of a nuclear repair welding research and development program. In situ and ex situ laser profilometry were utilized as primary methods of monitoring tool geometry degradation, and volumetric defects were detected through both nondestructive and destructive techniques, as repeated welds of a standard sample configuration were produced. These combined methods of characterization allowed for the successful correlation of defect formation with tool condition. Additionally, the spectral content of weld forces was examined to search for indications of evolving material flow conditions, caused by significant tool wear, that would result in the formation of defects; this analysis established the basis for a system that would automatically detect these conditions. To demonstrate this type of system, an artificial neural network was trained and evaluated, and a 95.2% classification rate of defined defect states in validation was achieved. This performance constituted a successful demonstration of in-process monitoring of tool wear and weld quality in FSW of a high melting temperature, high hardness material, with implications for remote monitoring capabilities in the specific application of nuclear repair welding.
Abnormal fixational eye movements in strabismus
Authors: Ghasia Fatema F , Otero-Millan Jorge , Shaikh Aasef G 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionFixational saccades are miniature eye movements that constantly change the gaze during attempted visual fixation. Visually guided saccades and fixational saccades represent an oculomotor continuum and are produced by common neural machinery. Patients with strabismus have disconjugate binocular horizontal saccades. We examined the stability and variability of eye position during fixation in patients with strabismus and correlated the severity of fixational instability with strabismus angle and binocular vision.MethodsEye movements were measured in 13 patients with strabismus and 16 controls during fixation and visually guided saccades under monocular viewing conditions. Fixational saccades and intersaccadic drifts were analysed in the viewing and non-viewing eye of patients with strabismus and controls.ResultsWe found an increase in fixational instability in patients with strabismus compared with controls. We also found an increase in the disconjugacy of fixational saccades and intrasaccadic ocular drift in patients with strabismus compared with controls. The disconjugacy was worse in patients with large-angle strabismus and absent stereopsis. There was an increase in eye position variance during drifts in patients with strabismus. Our findings suggest that both fixational saccades and intersaccadic drifts are abnormal and likely contribute to the fixational instability in patients with strabismus.DiscussionFixational instability could be a useful tool for mass screenings of children to diagnose strabismus in the absence of amblyopia and latent nystagmus. The increased disconjugacy of fixational eye movements and visually guided saccades in patients with strabismus reflects the disruption of the fine-tuning of the motor and visual systems responsible for achieving binocular fusion in these patients.
Patellar and Achilles tendinopathies are predominantly peripheral pain states: a blinded case control study of somatosensory and psychological profiles
Authors: Plinsinga Melanie L , van Wilgen Cornelis P , Brink Michel S , Vuvan Viana , Stephenson Aoife , Heales Luke J , Mellor Rebecca , Coombes Brooke K , Vicenzino Bill T 
Published: July 2017

Study designCase–control design.BackgroundTendinopathy is characterised by pain on tendon loading. In persistent cases of upper limb tendinopathy, it is frequently associated with central nervous system sensitisation, whereas less commonly linked in the case of persistent lower limb tendinopathies.ObjectivesCompare somatosensory and psychological profiles of participants with persistent patellar (PT) and Achilles tendinopathies (AT) with pain-free controls.MethodsA comprehensive battery of Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) was assessed at standardised sites of the affected tendon and remotely (lateral elbow) by a blinded assessor. Participants completed the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment, a health-related quality of life questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Active Australia Questionnaire. Independent t-test and analysis of covariance (sex-adjusted and age-adjusted) were performed to compare groups.ResultsParticipants with PT and AT did not exhibit differences from controls for the QST at the remote site, but there were differences at the affected tendon site. Compared with controls, participants with PT displayed significantly lower pressure pain threshold locally at the tendon (p=0.012) and fewer single limb decline squats before pain onset, whereas participants with AT only displayed fewer single heel raises before pain onset, but this pain was of a higher intensity.ConclusionPT and AT appear to be predominantly local not widespread pain states related to loading of tendons without significant features of central sensitisation.Level of evidenceLevel 4.
Dachsous1–Fat4 Signaling Controls Endothelial Cell Polarization During Lymphatic Valve Morphogenesis—Brief Report
Authors: Pujol Francoise , Hodgson Tina , Martinez-Corral Ines , Prats Anne-Catherine , Devenport Danelle , Takeichi Masatoshi , Genot Elisabeth , Mäkinen Taija , Francis-West Philippa , Garmy-Susini Barbara , Tatin Florence 
Published: July 2017

Objective—
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Fat4 and Dachsous1 signaling in the lymphatic vasculature.

Approach and Results—

Phenotypic analysis of the lymphatic vasculature was performed in mice lacking functional
Fat4
or
Dachsous1
. The overall architecture of lymphatic vasculature is unaltered, yet both genes are specifically required for lymphatic valve morphogenesis. Valve endothelial cells (Prox1
high
[prospero homeobox protein 1] cells) are disoriented and failed to form proper valve leaflets. Using Lifeact-GFP (green fluorescent protein) mice, we revealed that valve endothelial cells display prominent actin polymerization. Finally, we showed the polarized recruitment of Dachsous1 to membrane protrusions and cellular junctions of valve endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusions—
Our data demonstrate that Fat4 and Dachsous1 are critical regulators of valve morphogenesis. This study highlights that valve defects may contribute to lymphedema in Hennekam syndrome caused by Fat4 mutations.
Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes Following Permanent Pacemaker Implantation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Mohananey Divyanshu , Jobanputra Yash , Kumar Arnav , Krishnaswamy Amar , Mick Stephanie , White Jonathon M. , Kapadia Samir R. 
Published: July 2017

Background—
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement has become the procedure of choice for inoperable, high-risk, and many intermediate-risk patients with aortic stenosis. Conduction abnormalities are a common finding after transcatheter aortic valve replacement and often result in permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. Data pertaining to the clinical impact of PPM implantation are controversial. We used meta-analysis techniques to summarize the effect of PPM implantation on clinical and echocardiographic outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Methods and Results—

Data were summarized as Mantel–Haenszel relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous variables and as standardized mean difference and 95% CI for continuous variables We used the Higgins
I
2
statistic to evaluate heterogeneity. We found that patients with and without PPM have similar all-cause mortality (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.70–1.03), cardiovascular mortality (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.59–1.18), myocardial infarction (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.20–1.11), and stroke (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.70–2.26) at 30 days. The groups were also comparable in all-cause mortality (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.92–1.16), cardiovascular mortality (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.39–1.24), myocardial infarction (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.30–1.13), and stroke (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.47–1.04) at 1 year. We observed that the improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly greater in the patients without PPM (standardized mean difference, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12–0.32).

Conclusions—
PPM implantation is not associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, stroke, or myocardial infarction both at short- and long-term follow-up. However, PPM is associated with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction recovery post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Reversibility of Cardiac Function Predicts Outcome After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Sato Kimi , Kumar Arnav , Jones Brandon M. , Mick Stephanie L. , Krishnaswamy Amar , Grimm Richard A. , Desai Milind Y. , Griffin Brian P. , Rodriguez L. Leonardo , Kapadia Samir R. , Obuchowski Nancy A. , Popović Zoran B. 
Published: July 2017

Background

Reversibility of left ventricular (
LV
) dysfunction in high‐risk aortic stenosis patient and its impact on survival after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (
TAVR
) are unclear. We aimed to evaluate longitudinal changes of
LV
structure and function after
TAVR
and their impact on survival.

Methods and Results

We studied 209 patients with aortic stenosis who underwent
TAVR
from May 2006 to December 2012. Echocardiograms were used to calculate
LV
end‐diastolic volume index (LV
EDV
i),
LV
ejection fraction,
LV
mass index (
LVM
i), and global longitudinal strain before, immediately (<10 days), late (1–3 months), and yearly after
TAVR
. During a median follow‐up of 1345 days, 118 patients died, with 26 dying within 1 year. Global longitudinal strain,
LVEDV
i,
LV
ejection fraction, and
LVM
i improved during follow‐up. In patients who died during the first year, death was preceded by
LVEDV
i and
LVM
i increase. Multivariable longitudinal data analysis showed that aortic regurgitation at baseline, aortic regurgitation at 30 days, and initial
LVEDV
i were independent predictors of subsequent
LVEDV
i. In a joint analysis of longitudinal and survival data, baseline Society of Thoracic Surgeons score was predictive of survival, with no additive effect of longitudinal changes in
LVEDV
i,
LVM
i, global longitudinal strain, or
LV
ejection fraction. Presence of aortic regurgitation at 1 month after
TAVR
was the only predictor of 1‐year survival.

Conclusions

LV
reverse remodeling was observed after
TAVR
, whereas lack of
LVEDV
i and
LVM
i improvement was observed in patients who died during the first year after
TAVR
. Post‐
TAVR
, aortic regurgitation blocks reverse remodeling and is associated with poor 1‐year survival after
TAVR
.
Acute Stress Time-dependently Modulates Multiple Memory Systems
Authors: Goldfarb Elizabeth V. , Mendelevich Yeva , Phelps Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAcute stress has been shown to modulate the engagement of different memory systems, leading to preferential expression of stimulus–response (SR) rather than episodic context memory when both types of memory can be used. However, questions remain regarding the cognitive mechanism that underlies this bias in humans—specifically, how each form of memory is individually influenced by stress in order for SR memory to be dominant. Here we separately measured context and SR memory and investigated how each was influenced by acute stress after learning (Experiment 1) and before retrieval (Experiment 2). We found that postlearning stress, in tandem with increased adrenergic activity during learning, impaired consolidation of context memory and led to preferential expression of SR rather than context memory. Preretrieval stress also impaired context memory, albeit transiently. Neither postlearning nor preretrieval stress changed the expression of SR memory. However, individual differences in cortisol reactivity immediately after learning were associated with variability in initial SR learning. These results reveal novel cognitive mechanisms by which stress can modulate multiple memory systems.