bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining Answer Set Programming and domain heuristics for solving hard industrial problems (Application Paper)
Authors: DODARO CARMINE , GASTEIGER PHILIP , LEONE NICOLA , MUSITSCH BENJAMIN , RICCA FRANCESCO , SHCHEKOTYKHIN KOSTYANTYN 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAnswer Set Programming (ASP) is a popular logic programming paradigm that has been applied for solving a variety of complex problems. Among the most challenging real-world applications of ASP are two industrial problems defined by Siemens: the Partner Units Problem (PUP) and the Combined Configuration Problem (CCP). The hardest instances of PUP and CCP are out of reach for state-of-the-art ASP solvers. Experiments show that the performance of ASP solvers could be significantly improved by embedding domain-specific heuristics, but a proper effective integration of such criteria in off-the-shelf ASP implementations is not obvious. In this paper the combination of ASP and domain-specific heuristics is studied with the goal of effectively solving real-world problem instances of PUP and CCP. As a byproduct of this activity, the ASP solverwaspwas extended with an interface that eases embedding new external heuristics in the solver. The evaluation shows that our domain-heuristic-driven ASP solver finds solutions for all the real-world instances of PUP and CCP ever provided by Siemens.
Proving infinitary formulas
Authors: HARRISON AMELIA , LIFSCHITZ VLADIMIR , MICHAEL JULIAN 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe infinitary propositional logic of here-and-there is important for the theory of answer set programming in view of its relation to strongly equivalent transformations of logic programs. We know a formal system axiomatizing this logic exists, but a proof in that system may include infinitely many formulas. In this note we describe a relationship between the validity of infinitary formulas in the logic of here-and-there and the provability of formulas in some finite deductive systems. This relationship allows us to use finite proofs to justify the validity of infinitary formulas.
The power of non-ground rules in Answer Set Programming
Authors: BICHLER MANUEL , MORAK MICHAEL , WOLTRAN STEFAN 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAnswer set programming (ASP) is a well-established logic programming language that offers an intuitive, declarative syntax for problem solving. In its traditional application, a fixed ASP program for a given problem is designed and the actual instance of the problem is fed into the program as a set of facts. This approach typically results in programs with comparably short and simple rules. However, as is known from complexity analysis, such an approach limits the expressive power of ASP; in fact, an entire NP-check can be encoded into a single large rule body of bounded arity that performs both a guess and a check within the same rule. Here, we propose a novel paradigm for encoding hard problems in ASP by making explicit use of large rules which depend on the actual instance of the problem. We illustrate how this new encoding paradigm can be used, providing examples of problems from the first, second, and even third level of the polynomial hierarchy. As state-of-the-art solvers are tuned towards short rules, rule decomposition is a key technique in the practical realization of our approach. We also provide some preliminary benchmarks which indicate that giving up the convenient way of specifying a fixed program can lead to a significant speed-up.
Assertion-based analysis via slicing withABETS(system description)
Authors: ALPUENTE M. , FRECHINA F. , SAPIÑA J. , BALLIS D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe presentABETS, an assertion-based, dynamic analyzer that helps diagnose errors in Maude programs.ABETSuses slicing to automatically create reduced versions of both a run's execution trace and executed program, reduced versions in which any information that is not relevant to the bug currently being diagnosed is removed. In addition,ABETSemploys runtime assertion checking to automate the identification of bugs so that whenever an assertion is violated, the system automatically infers accurate slicing criteria from the failure. We summarize the main services provided byABETS, which also include a novel assertion-based facility for program repair that generates suitable program fixes when a state invariant is violated. Finally, we provide an experimental evaluation that shows the performance and effectiveness of the system.
Precise complexity guarantees for pointer analysis via Datalog with extensions
Authors: TEKLE K. TUNCAY , LIU YANHONG A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPointer analysis is a fundamental static program analysis for computing the set of objects that an expression can refer to. Decades of research has gone into developing methods of varying precision and efficiency for pointer analysis for programs that use different language features, but determining precisely how efficient a particular method is has been a challenge in itself.For programs that use different language features, we consider methods for pointer analysis using Datalog and extensions to Datalog. When the rules are in Datalog, we present the calculation of precise time complexities from the rules using a new algorithm for decomposing rules for obtaining the best complexities. When extensions such as function symbols and universal quantification are used, we describe algorithms for efficiently implementing the extensions and the complexities of the algorithms.
A Physician Advisory System for Chronic Heart Failure management based on knowledge patterns
Authors: CHEN ZHUO , MARPLE KYLE , SALAZAR ELMER , GUPTA GOPAL , TAMIL LAKSHMAN 
Published: October 2016

AbstractManagement of chronic diseases such as chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major problem in health care. A standard approach followed by the medical community is to have a committee of experts develop guidelines that all physicians should follow. These guidelines typically consist of a series of complex rules that make recommendations based on a patient's information. Due to their complexity, often the guidelines are ignored or not complied with at all. It is not even clear whether it is humanly possible to follow these guidelines due to their length and complexity. For instance, for CHF, the guidelines run nearly eighty pages. In this paper we describe a physician-advisory system for CHF management that codes the entire set of clinical practice guidelines for CHF using answer set programming (ASP). Our approach is based on developing reasoning templates, that we call knowledge patterns, and using them to systemically code the clinical guidelines for CHF as ASP rules. Use of the knowledge patterns greatly facilitates the development of our system. Given a patient's medical information, our system generates a recommendation for treatment just as a human physician would, using the guidelines. Our system works even in the presence of incomplete information.
A general framework for static profiling of parametric resource usage
Authors: LOPEZ-GARCIA P. , KLEMEN M. , LIQAT U. , HERMENEGILDO M. V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFor some applications, standard resource analyses do not provide the information required. Such analyses estimate the total resource usage of a program (without executing it) as functions on input data sizes. However, some applications require knowing how such total resource usage is distributed over selected parts of a program. We propose a novel, general, and flexible framework for setting up cost equations/relations which can be instantiated for performing a wide range of resource usage analyses, including both static profiling and the inference of the standard notion of cost. We extend and generalize standard resource analysis techniques, so that the relations generated include additional Boolean control variables for switching on or off different terms in the relations, as required by the desired resource usage profile. We also instantiate our framework to perform static profiling of accumulated cost (also parameterized by input data sizes). Such information is much more useful to the software developer than the standard notion of cost: it identifies the parts of the program that have the greatest impact on the total program cost, and which therefore should be optimized first. We also report on an implementation of our framework within the CiaoPP system, and its instantiation for accumulated cost, and provide some experimental results. In addition to generality, our new method brings important advantages over our previous approach based on a program transformation, including support for non-deterministic programs, better and easier integration in the compiler, and higher efficiency.
Patients' experiences of care and support at home after a family member's participation in an intervention during palliative care
Authors: Norinder Maria , Goliath Ida , Alvariza Anette 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTObjective:Patients who receive palliative home care are in need of support from family members, who take on great responsibility related to caregiving but who often feel unprepared for this task. Increasing numbers of interventions aimed at supporting family members in palliative care have been described and evaluated. It is not known whether and how these interventions actually affect the care or support provided to a patient, even though it has been suggested that family members would be likely to provide better care and support and thus allow for positive experiences for patients. However, this has not been studied from the perspective of the patients themselves. The objective of our study was to explore patients' experiences of care and support at home after family members' participation in a psychoeducational intervention during palliative care.Method:Our study took a qualitative approach, and interviews were conducted with 11 patients whose family members had participated in a psychoeducational intervention during palliative home care. The interviews were analyzed employing interpretive description.Results:Patients' experiences were represented by three themes: “safe at home,” “facilitated and more honest communication,” and “feeling like a unit of care.” Patients felt that their needs were better met and that family members became more confident at home without risking their own health. Patients felt relieved when family members were given the opportunity to talk and reflect with others and hoped that the intervention would contribute to more honest communications between themselves and their family members. Further, it was of great importance to patients that family members receive attention from and be confirmed and supported by healthcare professionals.Significance of results:Our findings show how an intervention targeted at family members during palliative home care also benefits the patients.
Video feedback in CBT supervision: review and illustration of two specific techniques
Authors: Gonsalvez Craig J. , Brockman Robert , Hill Hamish R. M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThere is now expert consensus that directly observing the work of trainee therapists vs. relying upon self-report of sessions, is critical to providing the accurate feedback required to attain a range of competencies. In spite of this expert consensus however, and the broadly positive attitudes towards video review among supervisees, video feedback methods remain under-utilized in clinical supervision. This paper outlines some of the weaknesses that affect feedback based solely on self-report methods, before introducing some of the specific benefits that video feedback methods can offer the training and supervision context. It is argued that video feedback methods fit seamlessly into CBT supervision providing direct, accessible, effective, efficient and accurate observation of the learning situation, and optimizing the chances for accurate self-reflections and planning further improvements in performance. To demonstrate the utility of video feedback techniques to CBT supervision, two specific video feedback techniques are introduced and described: the Give-me-5 technique and the I-spy technique. Case examples of CBT supervision using the two techniques are provided and explored, and guidance as to the supervision contexts in which each of the two techniques are suitable, individually, and in tandem, are outlined. Finally, best practice guidelines for the use of video feedback techniques in supervision are outlined.
Developing and implementing ‘meta-supervision’ for mental health nursing staff supervisees: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Buus Niels , Lynch Lisa , Gonge Henrik 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper reports from a study of an intervention aimed at strengthening mental health nursing staff supervision. We developed and tested a short-term group-based meta-supervision intervention as a supplement to usual supervision. The intervention drew on action learning principles to activate and inspire supervisees to develop strategies for influencing their own supervision practices. The core ‘meta-supervisory’ process was organized round participants’ reflections on the possible benefits of supervision, their perceived barriers to realizing the benefits, and the articulation of concrete actions to overcome the barriers. In this paper, we introduce previously reported findings from the study and present two novel supplementary analyses of data from the meta-supervision process. First, we analyse a transcript of an audio recording made during the intervention, which illustrates how supervisees generate empowering psychosocial resources through the group processes. Second, we analyse supervisees’ paraphrased accounts of barriers to effective supervision and their accounts of personal projects to overcome the barriers. Barriers ‘outside’ the supervision setting primarily inspired projects aimed at creating structural change, whereas barriers ‘inside’ the supervision setting inspired projects aimed at creating individual change. The meta-supervision intervention was effective in increasing participation in supervision, but it shared the same problems of resistance and reluctance as often observed in supervision in general. In the discussion, we compare our ‘bottom-up’ approach to activating supervisees and implementing supervision practices with ‘top-down’ approaches. The meta-supervision intervention illustrated the importance of engaging supervisees in their own supervision and suggested how it can have both individual and organizational benefits.
How can video recordings best contribute to clinical supervisor training?
Authors: Milne Derek L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSignificant progress has been made internationally in the training of clinical supervisors, yet much remains to be done, such as refining training through the improved use of video material. A review of currently available video recordings used in supervisor training indicates that they are generally used informally, are manifestly lacking in procedural detail, are narrowly applied, and lack an educational rationale or research support. After reviewing current options, a more precise, comprehensive and educationally informed framework is proposed, broadening the video options to 10 complementary applications. Systematic links are made between these applications, the core supervision competencies, and the related workshop content (especially training objectives and learning outcomes), culminating in an educational rationale for the use of video within a supervisor training curriculum. It is concluded that application of this framework can enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of supervisor training, helping to maintain progress.
Clinical supervision in a quality assurance/quality improvement system: Multisystemic Therapy as an example
Authors: Schoenwald Sonja K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article describes the clinical supervision of Multisystemic Therapy (MST), which takes place in the context of a quality assurance and quality improvement system that is used to support the transport and implementation of MST nationally and internationally. Information is provided about the assumptions, objectives, structure, process, and content of MST supervision; training and support provided to supervisors; methods used to measure adherence to the supervision model; and, findings supporting linkages between supervision, therapist adherence, and youth outcomes. MST supervision is considered in the context of recent efforts to identify empirically supported approaches to supervision and of recent developments in implementation research.
A survey of CBT supervision in the UK: methods, satisfaction and training, as viewed by a selected sample of CBT supervision leaders
Authors: Reiser Robert P. , Milne Derek L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInternationally, clinical supervision has been increasingly recognized as a core competency and an essential requirement for clinical training. Over the past 10 years, frameworks for supervision competencies have been developed and promulgated in several countries, notably the UK, USA and Australia. But what is the current status of the actual practice of CBT supervision in the UK? We conducted an internet survey with a purposive sample ofn=110 accredited British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy (BABCP) supervisors and trainers (a 44% response rate), selected for their assumed expertise. The results were consistent with past surveys of Townendet al., indicating that the most frequently reported supervision methods tended to reflect many of the recommendations in widely disseminated supervision competency frameworks and recognized best practice statements. Overall, these CBT supervision leaders reported using an impressively wide range of methods, including much more frequent use of role-play, therapy recordings, and direct observation than reported in the Townendet al. surveys or in observational studies. Although satisfied in their supervisory role, respondents indicated the need for improved CBT supervisor training resources, with significant interest in developing competence instruments and group supervision methods. In conclusion, at least for this small sample of CBT supervision leaders in the UK, practice reflects international progress, but training resources are sought to maintain momentum.
Developing specialist CBT supervision training in Scotland using blended learning: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Ferguson Sandra , Harper Sean , Platz Shirley , Sloan Graham , Smith Katharine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNHS Education for Scotland (NES) has developed a suite of training to address the learning and development needs of supervisors of psychological therapies in the National Health Service (NHS) in Scotland and to support quality of evidence-based practice in psychological therapies, in light of the recent expansion in this area of healthcare. In parallel with the structure of the recently developed supervisory competency frameworks, an initial training package addressing generic (cross-modality) supervision competences was supplemented by the development of a training package to meet the specific needs of supervisors of CBT: NES Specialist Supervision Training in CBT (NESSST CBT). A blended learning package was developed, in light of the emerging evidence around the effectiveness of e-learning, to produce a flexible and learner-centred training package. This paper describes the development, delivery and planned evaluation methods of NESSST CBT. Lessons learned during implementation are outlined, along with key challenges regarding the future of supervision training in Scotland and the UK.
Targeting the non-neuronal cholinergic system in macrophages for the management of infectious diseases and cancer: challenge and promise
Authors: Reichrath Sandra , Reichrath Jörg , Moussa Amira-Talaat , Meier Carola , Tschernig Thomas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMacrophages represent key players of the immune system exerting highly effective defense mechanisms against microbial infections and cancer that include phagocytosis and programmed cell removal. Recent findings highlight the relevance of the non-neuronal cholinergic system for the regulation of macrophage function that opens promising new concepts for the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. This mini review summarizes our present knowledge on this topic and gives an outlook on future developments.
Selective Capture of Histidine-tagged Proteins from Cell Lysates Using TEM grids Modified with NTA-Graphene Oxide
Authors: Benjamin Christopher J. , Wright Kyle J. , Bolton Scott C. , Hyun Seok-Hee , Krynski Kyle , Grover Mahima , Yu Guimei , Guo Fei , Kinzer-Ursem Tamara L. , Jiang Wen , Thompson David H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe report the fabrication of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids bearing graphene oxide (GO) sheets that have been modified with Nα, Nα-dicarboxymethyllysine (NTA) and deactivating agents to block non-selective binding between GO-NTA sheets and non-target proteins. The resulting GO-NTA-coated grids with these improved antifouling properties were then used to isolate His6-T7 bacteriophage and His6-GroEL directly from cell lysates. To demonstrate the utility and simplified workflow enabled by these grids, we performed cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of His6-GroEL obtained from clarified E. coli lysates. Single particle analysis produced a 3D map with a gold standard resolution of 8.1 Å. We infer from these findings that TEM grids modified with GO-NTA are a useful tool that reduces background and improves both the speed and simplicity of biological sample preparation for high-resolution structure elucidation by cryo-EM.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance soil carbon sequestration in the coalfields, northwest China
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang , Bi Yin-Li , Jiang Bin , Zhakypbek Yryszhan , Peng Su-Ping , Liu Wen-Wen , Liu Hao 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCarbon storage is affected by photosynthesis (Pn) and soil respiration (Rs), which have been studied extensively in natural and agricultural systems. However, the effects of Pn and Rs on carbon storages in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in coalfields remain unclear. A field experiment was established in 2014 in Shendong coal mining subsidence area. The treatments comprised two inoculation levels (inoculated with or without 100 g AMF inoculums per seedlings) and four plant species [wild cherry (Prunus discadenia Koebne L.), cerasus humilis (Prunus dictyneura Diels L.), shiny leaf Yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge L.) and apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L.)]. AMF increased Pn of four species ranging from 15.3% to 33.1% and carbon storage, averaged by 17.2% compared to controls. Soil organic carbon (OC), easily extractable glomalin-relation soil protein (EE-GRSP) and total glomalin-relation soil protein (T-GRSP) were significantly increased by AMF treatment. The effect of AMF on the sensitivity of Rs depended on soil temperature. The results highlighted the exponential models to explain the responses of Rs to soil temperature and for the first time quantified AMF caused carbon sequestration and Rs. Thus, to our knowledge, AMF is beneficial to ecosystems through facilitating carbon conservation in coalfield soils.