bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Crisis and the Nature of Entrepreneurial and Management Activities
Authors: Leković Božidar , Marić Slobodan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The essential research intention in this work is oriented toward considering the nature of entrepreneurial activities regarding to the volume of representation, according to some stages of the entrepreneurial process for defined groups of countries, different development degree in crisis conditions. The analysis of research data has drawn some conclusions, which have largely confirmed hypotheses. Obtained results, after the application of adequate statistical procedures, emphasize the existence of negative correlation, degree of economic development and the rate of economic growth. They are partly explained by the place and causes of analysed crisis circumstances, the degree of integrity of financial and economic systems, as well as the heterogeneous economic structure, as the main resistance to negative economic trends. The defined groups of countries of different development degrees show different differences in all the degrees of the entrepreneurial process. There is a positive correlation between the volume of entrepreneurial activities and the rate of economic growth, but on behalf of the countries of the lower development degree. Crisis conditions in the least developed countries generate an additional pressure on entrepreneurial activities; while the relatively stable environment of highly developed countries enables some individuals to find business possibilities outside the entrepreneurial sector.
Application of Multi-Criteria Analysis in the Public Procurement Process Optimization
Authors: Mimović Predrag , Krstić Ana 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
One of the key steps in the implementation of a public procurement process is the criteria selection that are associated with the bidders, which are intended to ensure that bidders will be able to meet the requirements from the contract. Implicitly, the criteria selection includes their evaluation in situations when the criterion of the lowest price is not applied, but instead the criterion of the most economically advantageous tender. The aim of the paper is to show that decision-makers in the public sector can use multi-criteria analysis for the efficient and fair public procurement process implementation and the establishment of objective conditions for the contract awarding in accordance with the general social interests. In this sense, the paper presents a comparative approach to the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Network Process as the methods of support in decision making, measurement and evaluation criteria for the selection of the best bids in the procurement process. Hierarchical model with five criteria and nine sub-criteria and the network model, which takes into account the mutual influences of criteria, were developed in a hypothetical public procurement selection procedure for the best performers for the construction of the infrastructure facility. Selection of the best bidder, i.e. bids for the realization of the work, is distinctive, multi-criteria problem which includes both qualitative and quantitative factors.
About evaluation of vegetation changes on permanent sample areas in Järvselja protected compartment
Authors: Paal Jaanus , Jürisoo Kristiina , Paal Taimi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The changes in tree layer saplings, shrub, field and moss layer in Järvselja Nature Reserve virgin forest compartment (JS226) were analysed on the ground of data collected in 1955, 1985, 1993 and 2012. Four forest stands (sub-compartments) were studied; in every stand one 4 × 4 m sample area was established: area A1 represented Hepatica nobilis and Anemone nemoralis dominanted spruce stand, area A3 – drained transitional mire pine forest, area A4 – Mercurialis perennis-rich spruce stand and area A5 – Hepatica nobilis and Anemone nemoralis dominanted aspen stand. The number of tree layer saplings and shrub layer stems, as well as their species content have changed largely in all sample areas, being a bit more stable only on area A1. In field layer the abundance of initial dominant species changed remarkably in all areas or were replaced by other species in the course of succession. Changes in moss layer were the most striking in drained transition mire forest (area A3), where Pleurozium schreberi, Sphagnum centrale and S. capillifolium dominating in 1955 were replaced by S. centrale in 1993. The experiment planning in the current study is regrettably insufficient: to study forest communities succession using only one 4 × 4 m sample area in every stand does not allow to gather representative data about the vegetation structure and its variation limits. Moreover, in that way it is not possible to separate the time-induced successional trend from the drainage impact that has an obviously prevailing importance in forest compartment JS226 being surrounded by ditches.
Annual growth trends and response to weather of larch trees at Järvselja Training and Experimental Forest Center stands (Estonia)
Authors: Hordo Maris , Kängsepp Vivika , Kannimäe Taavi , Kask Priit 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Larch is widely used in tree-ring studies, while tree-ring width and signature years provide information on environmental changes with annual resolution. The aim of the study was to build tree-ring (TR), early- (EW) and latewood (LW) width chronologies by larch species (Hybrid, European, Russian, Japanese, Kuril), and to study the response of the radial increment of larches to weather at Järvselja forest stands by using correlation, redundancy analysis, and the pointer year method. The increment cores were collected from 233 trees in Järvselja larch stands during autumn 2014. The increment cores were collected from 24 stands and divided into five groups by larch species. High EPS values (≥ 0.887) for the larch species in all groups indicate that a sufficient number of trees was included in the chronologies to be representable. The results show that different species have a similar sensitivity to various weather variables. Among the factors influencing the size of radial growth of larches were the weather conditions prevailing in the autumn of the previous year and the spring of the current year. An overall RDA revealed that 63.9% of tree growth variation in larch species was explained by the considered weather variables (F = 4.925, p < 0.001). The pointer year analysis distinguished between several common extreme pointer years by larch species; it revealed a significant response to the winter temperature and the temperature in spring. However, these weather characteristics are very complex and the causes that can affect tree growth may vary from year to year.
Effect of sample plot size and shape on estimates of structural indices: A case study in mature silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) dominating stand in Järvselja
Authors: Maleki Kobra , Kiviste Andres 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Structural indices and characteristics have often been employed for assessing different aspects of forest stands. In order to assess the performance of such measures in forest sample plots of different size and shape, the current study is based on a data set for a relatively large (1 ha) silver birch dominated stand, and five simulated planar point patterns (a Poisson process, two clustered and two regular patterns) with similar intensity of points distributed on an area equal to the silver birch stand as reference stands. The analyses was based on repeated samplings of the stands, with randomly placed circular or square shaped plots of different sizes, with area ranging from 0.007 to 0.636 ha. Similar centre positions were considered for plots of different shapes, but the locations of the plot centres differed with size, so that plots of different sizes were able to cover the maximum possible area of reference stands. Some structural indices accounting for one or four nearest neighbours, and also the Point-pair correlation function was then quantified for each random sample plot. We used standard deviation and the differences of the mean estimates from the expected values to assess the sensitivity of the structural measures to the size and shape of sampling plots. The results indicated the significant effect of plot size and shape on structural indices. The correlation between plot size and estimates precision was positive, and small plots, regardless of their shapes, showed big variation among them while circular plots often provided more accurate estimates. Even though, as expected, expanding the plots increased the precision of the neighbourhood-based indices’ estimates (spatial measures), and also resulted in inaccurate estimates for some reference stands, depending on the arrangement of trees/points within that stand.
Enriching and improving the quality of linked data with GIS
Authors: Iwaniak Adam , Kaczmarek Iwona , Strzelecki Marek , Lukowicz Jaromar , Jankowski Piotr 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStandardization of methods for data exchange in GIS has along history predating the creation of World Wide Web. The advent of World Wide Web brought the emergence of new solutions for data exchange and sharing including; more recently, standards proposed by the W3C for data exchange involving Semantic Web technologies and linked data. Despite the growing interest in integration, GIS and linked data are still two separate paradigms for describing and publishing spatial data on the Web. At the same time, both paradigms offer complementary ways of representing real world phenomena and means of analysis using different processing functions. The complementarity of linked data and GIS can be leveraged to synergize both paradigms resulting in richer data content and more powerful inferencing. The article presents an approach aimed at integrating linked data with GIS. The approach relies on the use of GIS tools for integration, verification and enrichment of linked data. The GIS tools are employed to enrich linked data by furnishing access to collection of data resources, defining relationship between data resources, and subsequently facilitating GIS data integration with linked data. The proposed approach is demonstrated with examples using data from DBpedia, OSM, and tools developed by the authors for standard GIS software.
Die Ordnung der Römischen Republik
Authors: Meier Christian 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die römische Republik kannte kein in rechtlichen Kategorien zu fassendes Institutionengefüge, das sich – unsern Verfassungen entsprechend – aus dem Ganzen ihrer Ordnung herauslösen ließe. Damit ergibt sich die Frage, wie die Ordnung der Republik dann zu begreifen ist; was alles sie ausgemacht hat, wie alles im Endeffekt zusammenwirkte, wie es sich zu einem Ganzen zusammenschloß und wie es funktionierte. Gefragt wird nach den älteren, weichenstellenden Voraussetzungen (Erbe des Königtums; Patriciat; Begründung der Republik; Magistrate; „Ständekämpfe“), ferner nach den Volksversammlungen, nach den Grundbedingungen, die das Arbeiten der Ordnung durchwalteten, sowie nach den Weisen, in denen es sich vollzog; letztlich unter Aufsicht der führenden Senatoren. Es ergibt sich, daß die Organe der Römischen Republik so tief in besondere Eigenarten der Bürgerschaft verwickelt und durch sie bedingt waren, daß diese Bürgerschaft ihre Ordnung nicht eigentlich hatte, sondern sie war – in ihrem quasi ständischen Gefüge, ihren Bindungen, ihren Institutionen sowie in ihren intellektuellen, mentalen und rituellen Ausrichtungen und Dispositionen. Einfachen (oder auch komplizierten) begrifflichen Klassifikationen oder systematischen Rekonstruktionen entzieht sie sich. Sie steckte in denen, die sie lebten. Ohne ein gedeihliches Verhältnis von Freiheit und Verantwortung konnte sie nicht wirken.
Lokale und transnationale Dimensionen sakralisierter Politik. Nationale Bewegung und Zivilgesellschaft im liberalen Italien
Authors: Körner Axel 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung
Wie entwickeln Politik und Zivilgesellschaft im 19. Jahrhundert eine der Erfahrung von Moderne und gesellschaftlichem Wandel angemessene Symbolik? Am Beispiel des post-risorgimentalen Italiens untersucht der Aufsatz lokale und transnationale Idiome sakralisierter Politik und stößt dabei auf symbolische Formen, die Bezug auf lokale Traditionen religiöser Praxis nehmen, aber auch internationale Modelle politischen Rituals integrieren. Politische Totenfeiern und die Inszenierung lokaler Identität im neuen, doch noch immer fremd anmutenden Nationalstaat bieten Historikern diesbezüglich ein reiches Forschungsfeld. Interessant ist dabei auch die kritische Auseinandersetzung italienischer Demokraten und Republikaner mit politischen Entwicklungen in den Vereinigten Staaten. Spannungen zwischen lokaler, nationaler und transnationaler Symbolsprache berücksichtigend, zeigt der Aufsatz, wie Inszenierungskontext, Gebrauch und Rezeption symbolischer Formsprache Aufschlüsse auch zu politischen Inhalten geben. Seit den 1860er Jahren fällt in Italien zudem vor allem der munizipale und zivilbürgerliche Rahmen der Sakralisierung von Politik auf, der so zu einer veränderten Inszenierung des Nationalen beiträgt und damit Spannungen zwischen Staat und Nation zunehmend erfolgreich auszugleichen vermag.
Subgroup Isomorphism Problem for units of integral group rings
Authors: Margolis Leo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The Subgroup Isomorphism Problem for Integral Group Rings asks for which finite groups U it is true that if U is isomorphic to a subgroup of

V
⁢

(

ℤ
⁢
G

)

${\mathrm{V}(\mathbb{Z}G)}$

, the group of normalized units of the integral group ring of the finite group G, it must be isomorphic to a subgroup of G. The smallest groups known not to satisfy this property are the counterexamples to the Isomorphism Problem constructed by M. Hertweck. However, the only groups known to satisfy it are cyclic groups of prime power order and elementary-abelian p-groups of rank 2. We give a positive solution to the Subgroup Isomorphism Problem for

C
4

×

C
2

${C_{4}\times C_{2}}$

. Moreover, we prove that if the Sylow 2-subgroup of G is a dihedral group, any 2-subgroup of

V
⁢

(

ℤ
⁢
G

)

${\mathrm{V}(\mathbb{Z}G)}$

is isomorphic to a subgroup of G.
Factors Affecting the Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies: Small Hotels and Tour Operators in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Demeke Wegene , Olden Anthony , Nocera Jose Abdelnour 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In Africa the adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) varies considerably from one country to another, for example between Kenya and Tanzania on the one hand and Ethiopia on the other. In Kenya and Tanzania telecommunications systems have been liberalized, while in Ethiopia all ICT infrastructures and services are provided by one single telecommunications operator – one that is owned and run by the government. ICT plays a significant role in poverty reduction and empowerment of the disadvantaged, but this requires that ICT has first to be adopted by them. The main research question is: what are the factors affecting the adoption of ICT in the small hotel and tour operator sector? The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that affect the adoption of ICT in small hotels and tour operators in Ethiopia’s capital city, Addis Ababa. The sector was chosen because, driven by demand from customers, it uses ICT more than many other sectors, and because the government requires hoteliers to use a particular software for tax purposes. During the course of several visits between 2009 and 2013 data were collected from hoteliers and tour operator owners/managers. Sixteen hoteliers who had adopted ICT in their businesses were interviewed. One hundred and twenty-eight hoteliers and 57 tour operators responded to a questionnaire. Analysis of the findings indicates that factors affecting the adoption of ICT in these organizations can be arranged according to three levels: individual, organizational and national. The major factors that affect the adoption arise from the national level factors: the political, socio-economic, technological and legal factors that play a critical role in the adoption or rejection of ICT in this sector. This paper provides insights into the impact a monopolized telecommunications service can have on the adoption of ICT.
Optical and sensing properties of Fe doped ZnO nanocrystalline thin films
Authors: Shukla R.K. , Srivastava Anchal , Kumar Nishant , Pandey Akhilesh , Pandey Mamta 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Undoped and Fe doped ZnO films of different molarities deposited by spray pyrolysis method using zinc nitrate and ferric chloride as precursors show polycrystalline nature and hexagonal wurtzite structure. Crystallite size decreases with an increase in dopant concentration from 0 at.% to 3 at.%. Doping improves the transmission of the films whereas it reduces the optical band gap of ZnO from 3.28 eV to 3.17 eV. The morphology resembles flake-like structures which collapse when the dopant is introduced. The samples are found to be sensitive to CO2 gas. Undoped ZnO shows maximum sensitivity at 350 °C for higher concentration of CO2. Doped samples show maximum sensitivity at 200 °C for all CO2 concentrations i.e. from 500 ppm to 4000 ppm. Maximum sensitivity is achieved at temperatures 350 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C and 450 °C for the samples prepared using precursor solution of 0.1 M molarity.
Carbon nanotubes for ultrafast fibre lasers
Authors: Chernysheva Maria , Rozhin Aleksey , Fedotov Yuri , Mou Chengbo , Arif Raz , Kobtsev Sergey M. , Dianov Evgeny M. , Turitsyn Sergei K. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess both remarkable optical properties and high potential for integration in various photonic devices. We overview, here, recent progress in CNT applications in fibre optics putting particular emphasis on fibre lasers. We discuss fabrication and characterisation of different CNTs, development of CNT-based saturable absorbers (CNT-SA), their integration and operation in fibre laser cavities putting emphasis on state-of-the-art fibre lasers, mode locked using CNT-SA. We discuss new design concepts of high-performance ultrafast operation fibre lasers covering ytterbium (Yb), bismuth (Bi), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm) and holmium (Ho)-doped fibre lasers.
Spectral light management for solar energy conversion systems
Authors: Stanley Cameron , Mojiri Ahmad , Rosengarten Gary 
Published: June 2016

Abstract Due to the inherent broadband nature of the solar radiation, combined with the narrow spectral sensitivity range of direct solar to electricity devices, there is a massive opportunity to manipulate the solar spectrum to increase the functionality and efficiency of solar energy conversion devices. Spectral splitting or manipulation facilitates the efficient combination of both high-temperature solar thermal systems, which can absorb over the entire solar spectrum to create heat, and photovoltaic cells, which only convert a range of wavelengths to electricity. It has only recently been possible, with the development of nanofabrication techniques, to integrate micro- and nano-photonic structures as spectrum splitters/manipulators into solar energy conversion devices. In this paper, we summarize the recent developments in beam splitting techniques, and highlight some relevant applications including combined PV-thermal collectors and efficient algae production, and suggest paths for future development in this field.
Crystal structure of bis(4-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)amine, C30H31N
Authors: Wang Limin , Wang Shengpei , Liu Shenggao 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
C30H31N, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.9828(11) Å, b = 10.1648(12) Å, c = 13.2961(15) Å, α = 81.273(2)°, β = 72.201(2)°, γ = 82.271(2)°, V = 1137.5(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0581, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1545, T = 140(2) K.
Spiritualität in der Intensivpflege – eine Einzelfallanalyse
Authors: Feldhaus-Plumin Erika 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung
Spiritualität als Dimension in der Pflege ist zwar in Ansätzen erforscht, aber die Konsequenzen für das Berufsfeld Pflege sind noch wenig betrachtet. Anhand einer Einzelfallanalyse eines Experteninterviews wird existentielle Kommunikation und Spiritualität am Lebensende auf der Intensivstation untersucht. Die exemplarische Darstellung greift das Spannungsfeld zwischen der medizintechnischen und spirituellen Dimension im intensivpflegerischen Handlungsfeld auf. Spiritualität und spirituelle Bedürfnisse auf der Intensivstation betreffen alle: die Patient(inn)en, Angehörigen, Pflegekräfte sowie das interdisziplinäre Team. Die Bedeutsamkeit von Symbolen und Ritualen sowie von Zeit und Raum zum Leben und Erleben von Spiritualität wird im nachfolgenden Beitrag aufgezeigt.
Sustainability Metrics of a Small Scale Turbojet Engine
Authors: Ekici Selcuk , Sohret Yasin , Coban Kahraman , Altuntas Onder , Karakoc T. Hikmet 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Over the last decade, sustainable energy consumption has attracted the attention of scientists and researchers. The current paper presents sustainability indicators of a small scale turbojet engine, operated on micro-aerial vehicles, for discussion of the sustainable development of the aviation industry from a different perspective. Experimental data was obtained from an engine at full power load and utilized to conduct an exergy-based sustainability analysis. Exergy efficiency, waste exergy ratio, recoverable exergy ratio, environmental effect factor, exergy destruction factor and exergetic sustainability index are evaluated as exergetic sustainability indicators of the turbojet engine under investigation in the current study. The exergy efficiency of the small scale turbojet engine is calculated as 27.25 % whereas the waste exergy ratio, the exergy destruction factor and the sustainability index of the engine are found to be 0.9756, 0.5466 and 0.2793, respectively.
Das Gregoriusfest und „The Discovery of the Individual“ – Diskurstheoretische Beobachtungen
Authors: Saß Marcell 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The development of „Religionspädagogik“ („Religious Education“) as an independent theological approach is often located in cultural transformations during the era of enlightenment. Apparently, “Religionspädagogik” seems to be a project of modernity and closely linked with the ongoing extension of individuality and subjectivity. Using Michel Foucault’s “concept of discourse” this article deals with the ancient “Gregoriusfest” (St. Gregor’s Day). Celebrated especially in the prospering cities since the 11th/12th century this liturgical and pedagogical practice can be understood as an event which initially shows “The Discovery of the Individual” (C. Morris)
Sonntagsschulen in Weißrussland1. Eine empirische Untersuchung
Authors: Danilovich Yauheniya , Chernyak Yuri , Schweitzer Friedrich 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article presents the results from an empirical study on the Sunday School in Belarus. It offers insights into the situation of the children and adolescents taking part in this program of the Orthodox Church, their views of this program, their preferences and attitudes, including their experiences with worship services. In the first part of the article, the situation of the Sunday School in Belarus is described against the backdrop of church and religion in this country. The final section presents some thoughts on comparative aspects, especially in reference to the German study on confirmation work (which also, to some degree, served as a model for the study in Belarus).