bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in the role of sleep on cognition in older adults
Authors: Wiranto Yumiko , Siengsukon Catherine , Mazzotti Diego R , Burns Jeffrey M , Watts Amber 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
The study aimed to investigate sex differences in the relationship between sleep quality (self-report and objective) and cognitive function across three domains (executive function, verbal memory, and attention) in older adults.

Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data from 207 participants with normal cognition (NC) or mild cognitive impairment (89 males and 118 females) aged over 60 years. The relationship between sleep quality and cognitive performance was estimated using generalized additive models. Objective sleep was measured with the GT9X Link ActiGraph, and self-reported sleep was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Results
We found that females exhibited lower executive function with increased objective total sleep time, with a steeper decline in performance after 400 minutes (p = .015). Additionally, longer objective sleep correlated with lower verbal memory linearly (p = .046). In males, a positive linear relationship emerged between objective sleep efficiency and executive function (p = .036). Self-reported sleep was not associated with cognitive performance in females and males with NC. However, in males with cognitive impairment, there was a nonlinear positive relationship between self-reported sleep and executive function (p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the association between sleep parameters on cognition varies between older males and females, with executive function being most strongly associated with objective sleep for both sexes top of form. Interventions targeting sleep quality to mitigate cognitive decline in older adults may need to be tailored according to sex, with distinct approaches for males and females.
Allostasis as a consequence of high heat load in grain-fed feedlot cattle
Authors: Wijffels Gene , Lees Angela M , Sullivan Megan L , Sammes Stephanie L , Li Yutao , Gaughan John B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Heat wave intensity, frequency, and duration are increasing in many regions of the world, including locations where highly productive livestock are raised. There are animal health and welfare, as well as economic impacts from these events. In this study, the physiological responses of grain-fed steers during a high heat load challenge through to recovery in climate-controlled rooms (CCR) were intensively evaluated. Two cohorts of 12 Black Angus steers (BW, 615.4 ± 40.1 kg) sequentially underwent a simulated heatwave event that consisted of 3 phases in the CCR: PreChallenge (5 d duration and temperature humidity index (THI) range of 65 to 71), Challenge (7-d duration and THI 66 to 95 with diurnal cycling), and Recovery (5 d duration and THI 65 to 70). The Challenge period was modeled on a severe heat wave, characterized by 3 very hot days. Individual rumen temperature (RumT, °C) was collected every 10 min, and respiration rate (RR, breaths per minute), panting score (PS), and water usage (L·steer−1·day−1) were obtained at multiple time points daily, by trained observers. Individual animal daily DMI was also determined. Morning (0700 hours) rectal temperature (RecT, °C) was measured on days 3, 5, 7 to 13, 15, and 17. Not unexpectedly, RumT, RecT, RR, and PS rose during Challenge and fell rapidly as conditions eased. Conversely, DMI was reduced during Challenge. During the transition between PreChallenge and Challenge, there were abrupt increases in RumT, and RR. It was also very apparent that during Recovery the steers did not return to the baseline PreChallenge state. Compared to PreChallenge, Recovery was characterized by persistent lowered daily mean RumT (P = 0.0010), RecT (P = 0.0922), RR (P = 0.0257), PS (P ≤ 0.0001), and DMI (P ≤ 0.0001). These results provide evidence that these steers have undergone an allostatic response in response to high heat load, and the new adjusted physiological state post-heat event may not be transient.
Estimate of the Deterministic Neutron RBE for Radiation-induced Pseudo-Pelger Huët Cell Formation
Authors: Goans R. E. , Iddins C. J. , Goans R. E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Using archival peripheral blood slides from radiation accident patients, we have recently described the pseudo-Pelger Huët anomaly (PPHA) in neutrophils as a new radiation-induced biomarker, useful for dosimetry not only immediately after a radiation incident but also potentially helpful as a tool in retrospective dosimetry. In conjunction with the Radiation Accident Registry at the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), the frequency of PPHA cells has been compared from selected patients in the Y-12 criticality accident in Oak Ridge, TN, in 1958 and from the patient in the 1971 60Co accident at the USAEC Comparative Animal Research Laboratory (CARL), also in Oak Ridge. Patients A, C, and D in the Y-12 accident are described as having an average dose of 2.53 ± 0.14 Gy gamma + 0.90 ± 0.05 Gy neutron, while the patient in the CARL event had 2.6 Gy gamma dose from event reconstruction. Since the average gamma energies are almost identical in these two cohorts, it is possible to estimate the deterministic neutron relative biological effectiveness (RBEd) for PPHA formation in a criticality event. The neutron RBEd calculated in this way is an average value over the neutron fission energy spectrum and is found to be 3.4 ± 0.6, in good agreement with the currently recommended value of 3 for acute neutron dose to red marrow.
Idiopathic unilateral complete oculomotor nerve palsy: a case report of diagnostic quandary
Authors: Ghimire Sagun , Shrestha Shikher , Shrestha Dinuj , Ranabhat Kajan , Bhattarai Suman , Bhandari Kritick , Kc Rikesh 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and importance:
When compared to other cranial nerve palsies idiopathic unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy with pupillary sparing is one of the least noted neurological conditions. Moreover, there lies a series of diagnostic dilemmas to come into a final diagnosis resulting in several array of clinical investigations. Hence, there is a delay in prompt management.

Case summary:
An elderly female without any known comorbidities presented with the complaint of headache, dizziness and dropping of left eyelid. Several arrays of diagnostic workups was done to come to a diagnosis, but even with rigorous laboratory investigations and radiological examinations, a common working diagnosis could not be made. Hence with a diagnosis of exclusion after proper neurological and neuro-ophthalmological examination, idiopathic unilateral common oculomotor nerve palsy was identified for which improvement with steroids was noted in the patient.

Discussion:
Idiopathic unilateral complete oculomotor nerve palsy is considered as a diagnosis of exclusion when all the diagnostic parameters fail to signify and positive results. The vague symptomatic presentation of the disease condition further compels the treating physician to carry out several panels of laboratory to radiological investigations. But if identified in time the treatment modality is straightforward.

Conclusion:
The diagnostic quandary in timely identification of such disease conditions needs a pertinent diagnostic guideline so as to avoid the unwanted panel of investigations.
Percutaneous Balloon Compression Guided by a Compression-Time Effect in Trigeminal Nerve Branches
Authors: Chang Bowen , Mei Jiaming 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) is an important treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Establishing the duration of balloon compression involves a tradeoff between outcome and postoperative complications. We aimed to explore the effect of the duration of balloon compression on the numbness response in areas innervated by the branches of the trigeminal nerve.

Methods:
Thirty-three patients with TN were included as an exploratory cohort, and the response area and compression time to the onset of facial numbness were recorded intraoperatively. Seventy-six patients with TN were then randomly divided into experimental (EG) and control groups (CG) for validation. The EG was treated with balloon compression times adjusted to reflect the compression-time effect observed in the initial investigation, whereas the CG was treated with a standardized compression time of 180 s. Patients were followed up postoperatively for pain relief and facials to verify the reliability of the effect.

Results:
We found that the mean compression time to numbness in the region innervated by the ophthalmic meridian (V1) was 89.09 ± 8.99 s; by V1 and the maxillary nerve (V2), 123.52 ± 7.97 s; and by V1, V2, and the mandibular nerve (V3), 181.33 ± 10.29 s. All 76 patients used to verify the effect had complete relief of pain, and the EG had significantly less numbness than the CG.

Conclusion:
In PBC, with the extension of balloon compression time, the numbness response of each branch of the trigeminal nerve appears in a certain order. This effect can guide PBC in mitigating complications while ensuring efficacy.
Analysis of the Dynamic Expression of the SMAD Family in the Periosteum During Guided Bone Regeneration
Authors: Yu Bao-Fu , Li Xiao-Qing , Chen Xiao-Xue , Dai Chuan-Chang , He Jin-Guang , Wei Jiao 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic expression of the SMAD family during guided bone regeneration for the reconstruction of cranio-maxillofacial bone defects.

Methods:
A swine model of guided bone regeneration was established with one side of the rib as the trauma group and the contralateral as control group. Periosteal and regenerative tissue specimens were harvested at 9 time points in the early, middle, and late phases, and were subjected to gene sequencing and tissue staining. Expression data of each SMAD family were extracted for further analysis, in which the correlation of the expression of the respective members within and between groups and at different time points was analyzed.

Results:
The expression of individual members of the SMAD family fluctuates greatly, especially during the first month. The SMAD3 and SMAD4 genes were the most highly expressed. The foldchange value of SMAD6 was the largest and remained above 1.5 throughout the process. The dynamic expression levels of SMAD2, SMAD4, SMAD5, SMAD6, and SMAD9 showed a significant positive correlation in both groups. The expression levels of each gene showed a positive correlation with other SMAD genes. Tissue staining showed that the overall contour of the regenerated bone tissue was basically formed within the first 1 month.

Conclusion:
The first month of guided bone regeneration is a critical period for bone regeneration and is an important period for the SMAD family to play a role. The SMAD6 may play an important role in the whole process of guided bone regeneration.
Noninvasive brain stimulation to improve motor outcomes after stroke
Authors: Savelon Emma C.J. , Jordan Harry T. , Stinear Cathy M. , Byblow Winston D. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
This review highlights recent developments in noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques and applications for improving motor outcomes after stroke. Two promising areas of development relate to deep brain neuromodulation and the use of single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) within a prediction tool for predicting upper limb outcome for individual patients.

Recent findings
Systematic reviews highlight the inconsistent effect sizes of interventional NIBS for motor outcome after stroke, as well as limited evidence supporting the interhemispheric competition model. To improve the therapeutic efficacy of NIBS, studies have leveraged metaplasticity and priming approaches. Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) and low-intensity focused ultrasound stimulation (LIFUS) are emerging NIBS techniques with potential for modulating deeper brain structures, which may hold promise for stroke neurorehabilitation. Additionally, motor evoked potential (MEP) status obtained with single-pulse TMS is a prognostic biomarker that could be used to tailor NIBS for individual patients.

Summary
Trials of interventional NIBS to improve stroke outcomes may be improved by applying NIBS in a more targeted manner. This could be achieved by taking advantage of NIBS techniques that can be targeted to deeper brain structures, using biomarkers of structural and functional reserve to stratify patients, and recruiting patients in more homogeneous time windows.
Regulatory architecture of disease resistance in maize revealed by multi-omic systems genetics
Authors: Clark Natalie M , Song Gaoyuan , Kabahuma Mercy K. , Kolkman Judith M , Christensen Shawn A , Montes Christian , Malik Shikha , Nelson Rebecca J , Walley Justin W 
Published: September 2024

AbstractComplex traits such as disease resistance have been traditionally studied using quantitative genetics. Here, we use systems genetics to integrate disease severity and multi-omic quantitate trait loci (QTL) to uncover biological networks underlying interaction with northern leaf blight (NLB), a yield-limiting disease of corn. Specifically, we integrated transcriptome, (phospho)proteome, and metabolome measurements to map molecular QTL and build predictive regulatory networks following NLB infection. These inferred networks identified a critical signaling module that was genetically validated comprised of a kinase termedNLBSUSCEPTIBLEKINASE 1, a bHLH transcription factor, and the lignin biosynthesis enzyme BROWN MIDRIB 2. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of high-throughput mapping of genetic determinants of gene- product levels and demonstrates the power of systems genetics to identify upstream regulatory genes that confer resistance to NLB that can inform future strategies for crop protection.
A nuclear hormone receptornhr-76programs age-dependent chemotaxis decline inC. elegans
Authors: Yokosawa Rikuou , Noma Kentaro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA decline in food-searching behavior of post-reproductive animals can be beneficial for the population and possibly programmed by the genome. We investigated the genetic program of age-dependent decline in chemotaxis behavior toward an odorant secreted from bacterial food inC. elegans. Through a forward genetic screen, we identified a nuclear hormone receptor,nhr-76, whose mutants ameliorate the age-dependent chemotaxis decline. We found thatnhr-76downregulates the expression of the odorant receptor during aging. Because NHR-76 expression and localization did not change during aging, secretion of its hydrophobic ligands might alter the activity of NHR-76 to cause age-dependent chemotaxis decline. Our findings imply that post-reproductive behavioral decline can be genetically programmed.
Discerning Specific Thrombolytic Activities and Blood Clot Degradomes of Diverse Snake Venoms with Untargeted Peptidomics
Authors: Smith Cara F. , Baldé Mamadou Alpha , Bahrabadi Lilyrose , Amponsah-Asamoah Merilyn , Larson Keira Y. , Maroney Sean P. , Ceja-Galindo David , Millimouno Martin , Camara Naby , Benjamin Jordan , Brandehoff Nicklaus P. , Modahl Cassandra M. , McCabe Maxwell C. , Cohen Mitchell J. , Castoe Todd A. , Baldé Cellou , Jackson Kate , Mackessy Stephen P. , Hansen Kirk C. , Saviola Anthony J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIdentification and characterization of snake venom toxins that interfere with hemostasis have important implications for the treatment of snake envenomation, the bioprospecting of therapeutically useful molecules, and the development of research tools for investigating hematologic disorders. Many venoms have been shown to possess thrombolytic activity. However, it remains unclear if actions on other clot-stabilizing proteins beyond fibrin chains contribute significantly to venom-induced thrombolysis because the clot-wide targets of venom proteases and the mechanisms responsible for thrombolysis are not well understood. Here, we utilize a high-throughput time-based thrombolysis assay in combination with untargeted peptidomics to provide comprehensive insight into the effects of venom from six snake species on blood clot degradation. We compare thrombolytic profiles across venoms with variable levels of proteases and generate venom-specific fingerprints of cleavage specificity. We also compare the specific effects of venoms that possess a range of thrombolytic activity on fibrin subunits and other clot-bound proteins involved in clot structure. Venoms with higher thrombolytic activity demonstrated an enhanced ability to target multiple sites across fibrin chains critical to clot stability and structure, as well as clot-stabilizing proteins including fibronectin and vitronectin. Collectively, this study significantly expands our understanding of the thrombolytic and fibrinolytic effects of snake venom by determining the full suite of clot-specific venom targets that are involved in clot formation and stability.
Contrasting dynamics of soil fungal functional groups in the plant rhizosphere
Authors: Wei Na , Nakaji-Conley Madelynn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsSoil microbiomes, critical for plant productivity and ecosystem functioning, mediate essential functions such as pathogenesis, mutualism, and decomposition through different fungal functional groups. Yet, our understanding of the dynamics of co-existing soil fungal functional groups in the plant rhizosphere remains limited.MethodsBy leveraging a ‘natural’ experiment in urban farming with fields of different ages and multiple plant genotypes, we tracked the relative abundance, richness, and microbial networks of plant pathogens, mycorrhizal fungi, and saprotrophic fungi across fields over two years.ResultsWe observed an increase in the relative abundance of plant pathogens in older fields relative to younger fields, supporting the prediction of pathogen accumulation over time. In contrast, there was a decrease in the relative abundance of mycorrhizal fungi in older fields. Unlike plant pathogens and mycorrhizal fungi, the relative abundance of saprotrophic fungi remained similar among fields. While the richness of plant pathogens and saprotrophic fungi were similar across fields, the community structure of both groups differed between younger and older fields. For mycorrhizal fungi, the richness declined in older fields and over the two years. These dynamics led to distinct microbial networks, with decreased network links for mycorrhizal fungi and increased links for saprotrophic fungi in older fields, whereas the links for plant pathogens remained similar across fields.ConclusionOur study reveals contrasting dynamics of essential soil fungal functional groups in the plant rhizosphere, and provides a predictive insight into the potential shifts in soil function and their impact on plant productivity.
TheFusarium graminearumeffector protease FgTPP1 suppresses immune responses and facilitates Fusarium Head Blight Disease
Authors: Darino Martin , Jaiswal Namrata , Darma Reynaldi , Kroll Erika , Urban Martin , Xiang Youhuang , Srivastava Moumita , Kim Hye-Seon , Myers Ariana , Scofield Steven R. , Innes Roger W. , Hammond-Kosack Kim E. , Helm Matthew 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMost plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to circumvent host immune responses, thereby promoting pathogen virulence. One such pathogen is the fungusFusarium graminearum, which causes Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease on wheat and barley. Transcriptomic analyses revealed thatF. graminearumexpresses many candidate effector proteins during early phases of the infection process, some of which are annotated as proteases. However, the contributions of these proteases to virulence remains poorly defined. Here, we characterize aF. graminearumendopeptidase, FgTPP1 (FGSG_11164), that is highly upregulated during wheat spikelet infection and is secreted from fungal cells. To elucidate the potential role of FgTPP1 inF. graminearumvirulence, we generatedFgTPP1deletion mutants (ΔFgtpp1) and performed FHB infection assays. While the number of completely bleached spikes infected byF.graminearumwild-type reached 50% of total infected spikes, the number of fully bleached spikes infected byΔFgtpp1mutants was 25%, suggesting FgTPP1 contributes to fungal virulence. Transient expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged FgTPP1 revealed that FgTPP1 localizes, in part, to chloroplasts and attenuates chitin-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, reactive oxygen species production, and cell death induced by an autoactive disease resistance protein when expressedin planta. Notably, the FgTPP1 protein is conserved across theAscomycotaphylum, making it a core effector among ascomycete plant pathogens. These properties make FgTPP1 an ideal candidate for decoy substrate engineering, with the goal of engineering resistance to FHB, and likely other crop diseases caused by ascomycete fungi.
Physiological and transcriptional changes in soybean as adaptive responses to the combined effects of soil alkalinity and drought
Authors: Hasan Md Rokibul , Thapa Asha , Mostofa Mohammad Golam , Kabir Ahmad H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSoil alkalinity and drought collectively cause severe growth retardation in crops. However, the adaptive responses and transcriptional changes under such conditions remain unclear in soybean. In this growth incubator study, soil alkalinity and drought stress led to significant reductions in plant biomass, chlorophyll, and nutrient uptake in soybean. However, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II remained stable, suggesting the activation of protective mechanisms to maintain photosynthetic functions. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated 357 upregulated and 799 downregulated genes in roots due to combined soil alkalinity and drought. Analysis revealed a complex response, with upregulation of genes predominantly involved in mineral homeostasis (Iron dehydrogenase,Sulfurylase), reactive oxygen species scavenging (Glutamate synthase,L-Ascorbate peroxidase) and hormonal signaling. Particularly, several ethylene-responsive genes, including theTranscription factors TF5andTF018, were upregulated, indicating the activation of stress-related signaling pathways. In a targeted study, plants supplemented with an ethylene precursor showed significant improvements in morpho-physiological traits and Fe status under combined stress. However, ethylene precursor applied in non-stressed plants led to reduced growth, and Fe levels, suggesting an involvement of the context-dependent role of ethylene in promoting stress tolerance. Furthermore, ethylene precursors caused an increase in root flavonoid and rhizosphere siderophore while restoring bacterial and fungal microbial cells in roots under combined stress in soil. However, in healthy plants, flavonoid and siderophore levels decreased, accompanied by a reduction in microbial cells to control levels. This suggests that elevated ethylene may regulate root exudates to recruit microbes dominated by host response, aiding soybean plants cope with combined stresses, although this effect may not occur in non-stressed plants. This is the first report on the transcriptional response and physiological adjustments in soybean exposed to alkalinity and drought, potentially advancing knowledge for genetic and agronomic interventions to improve stress resilience in legume crops.