bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma‐Assisted Synthesis of Methanol Through Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide With Non‐Noble Metal Mixed Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Choudhry Deepa , Winburn Matthew R. , Sarin Suchit , Chimentão Ricardo J. , Cheung Chin Li 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe utilization of carbon dioxide through chemical conversion is a promising approach for the recycling of carbon resources. Despite well‐developed industrial processes for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, the effective use of CO2 as a feedstock remains challenging because of the costly requirements of high temperature and reaction pressure. In this paper, we report the methanol synthesis from CO2 and hydrogen using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor under atmospheric pressure with a nickel‐cerium‐aluminum mixed oxide (Ni/Ce−Al MOx) catalyst. The combined use of plasma and the Ni/Ce−Al MOx catalyst was observed to yield 13.3±0.4 % of methanol, favorably compared to the 2.6±0.5 % yield of the case without catalyst. Microscopy images, selected area electron diffraction patterns, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis confirmed the presence of fluorite‐structured ceria, aluminium, nickel, and nickel oxide particles in the catalyst. The reaction mechanism for the plasma‐assisted hydrogenation of CO2 was hypothesized to involve a carbide formation pathway due to the presence of carbide confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic characterization.
Indium Oxide Layer Dual Functional Modified Bismuth Vanadate Photoanode Promotes Photoelectrochemical Oxidation of Water to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Wang Ziming , Yue Xiaoyang , Liao Yulong , Xiang Quanjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe photoelectrochemical (PEC) dual‐electron pathway for water oxidation to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) shows promising prospects. However, the dominance of the four‐electron pathway leading to O2 evolution competes with this reaction, severely limiting the efficiency of H2O2 production. Here, we report a In2O3 passivator‐coated BiVO4 (BVO) photoanode, which effectively enhances the selectivity and yield of H2O2 production via PEC water oxidation. Based on XPS spectra and DFT calculations, a heterojunction is formed between In2O3 and BVO, promoting the effective separation of interface and surface charges. More importantly, Mott‐Schottky analysis and open‐circuit potential measurements demonstrate that the In2O3 passivation layer on the BVO photoanode shifts the hole quasi‐Fermi level towards the anodic direction, enhancing the oxidation level of holes. Additionally, the widening of the depletion layer and the flattening of the band bending on the In2O3‐coated BVO photoanode favor the generation of H2O2 while suppressing the competitive O2 evolution reaction. In addition, the coating of In2O3 can also inhibit the decomposition of H2O2 and improve the stability of the photoanode. This work provides new perspectives on regulating PEC two/four‐electron transfer for selective H2O2 production via water oxidation.
Recent Advances in Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Oxidation Reactions in Water
Authors: Yang Chenrong , Wang Haihua , Xie Pan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOxidation reactions, which represent a fundamental process in organic transformations, have consistently advanced over several decades. Owing to the widespread application of aqueous and photochemical synthesis, research on light‐induced oxidation in water, involving radical processes, has also experienced rapid development. Recently, numerous strategies for light‐induced aqueous oxidation have been ingeniously designed and developed. This review aims to discuss the notable recent advancements in this rapidly evolving field of oxidation reactions, with a focus on delving into the reaction mechanisms. It hopes to inspire the development of aqueous photocatalytic oxidation reactions.
The impact of plant‐derived fire management prescriptions on fire‐responsive bird species
Authors: Makdissi Rhys , Verdon Simon J. , Radford James Q. , Bennett Andrew F. , Clarke Michael F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn fire‐prone regions, the occurrence of some faunal species is contingent on the presence of resources that arise through post‐fire plant succession. Through planned burning, managers can alter resource availability and aim to provide the conditions required to promote biodiversity. Understanding how species occurrence changes at different spatial and temporal scales after fire is essential to achieve this goal. However, many fire prescriptions are guided primarily by the responses of fire‐sensitive plants when setting tolerable fire intervals. This approach assumes that maintaining floristic diversity will satisfy the requirements of fauna. We surveyed bird species in two semi‐arid vegetation types across an environmental gradient in south‐eastern Australia. We conducted four surveys at each of 253 sites across a 75‐year chronosequence of time since fire and used generalized additive mixed models to examine changes in the occurrence of birds in response to time since fire. Model predictions were compared to plant‐derived fire prescriptions currently guiding fire management in the region. Time since fire was a significant predictor for 18 of 28 species modeled, in at least one vegetation type, over a gradient of 1.3° of latitude. We detected considerable variation in the responses of some species, both between vegetation types and geographically within a vegetation type. Our evaluation of plant‐derived fire prescriptions suggests that the intervals considered acceptable for maintaining floristic diversity may not be sustainable for populations of birds requiring longer unburnt vegetation, with 6 of the 12 species assessed attaining a mean occurrence probability of 20.3% by the minimum tolerable fire interval, and 57.3% by the maximum tolerable fire interval, in their respective vegetation types. Our findings highlight the potential vulnerability of fire‐responsive bird species if fire prescriptions are applied in a manner that fails to account for the slow development of habitat resources needed by some species, and the variation detected within the responses of species. This highlights the need for species‐specific data collected at an appropriate spatial scale to inform management plans.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor type 4 is critically involved in the regulation of peritoneal B‐1 cell trafficking and distribution in vivo
Authors: Riese Janik , Kleinwort Annabel , Hannemann Maurice , Hähnel Celine , Kersting Stephan , Schulze Tobias 
Published: September 2024

AbstractB‐1 cells are crucially involved in immune defense and regulation of inflammation and autoimmunity. B‐1 cells are predominantly located in the peritoneal and pleural cavities, although body cavity B‐1 cells recirculate systemically under steady‐state conditions. The chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL13 have been identified as the main regulators of peritoneal B‐cell trafficking. In mice deficient for sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 4 (S1PR4), B‐1a and B‐1b cell numbers are reduced in the peritoneal cavity by an unknown mechanism. In this study, we show that S1PR4‐mediated S1P signaling modifies the chemotactic response of peritoneal B cells to CXCL13 and CXCL12 in vitro. In vivo, S1PR4‐mediated S1P signaling affects both immigration into and emigration from the peritoneal cavity. Long‐term reconstitution experiments of scid mice with wt or s1pr4–/– peritoneal B cells revealed a distinct distributional pattern in secondary lymphoid organs. As a functional consequence, both plasmatic and mucosal IgM levels, the main product of B‐1a cells, are reduced in mice reconstituted with s1pr4–/– peritoneal cells. In summary, our data identify S1PR4 as the second S1P receptor (besides S1PR1), which is critically involved in the regulation of peritoneal B‐1 cell function.
Analytical Methods to Evaluate RNA Circularization Efficiency
Authors: Sun Yali , Khimani Anis H. , Tong Yanhong , Lu Zhi‐xiang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as pivotal players in RNA therapeutics. Unlike linear counterparts, circRNAs possess a closed‐loop structure, conferring them with enhanced stability and resistance to degradation. Ribozyme‐based strategy stands out as the predominant method for synthetic circRNA production, by precisely cleaving and promoting the formation of a covalent circular structure. However, there is still a lack of analytical methods that can provide high‐throughput and quantitative analysis to facilitate the circRNA vector engineering process. In the report, we detail analytical methods to characterize and evaluate ribozyme‐based RNA circularization efficiency. Our approach will capture the attention of researchers interested in optimizing RNA circularization efficiency, as well as those focused on exploring key elements for ribozyme catalytic activity.
Reshaping Capillary Electrophoresis With State‐of‐the‐Art Sample Preparation Materials: Exploring New Horizons
Authors: Bedair Alaa , Hamed Mahmoud , Mansour Fotouh R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCapillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful analysis technique with advantages such as high separation efficiency with resolution factors above 1.5, low sample consumption of less than 10 µL, cost‐effectiveness, and eco‐friendliness such as reduced solvent use and lower operational costs. However, CE also faces limitations, including limited detection sensitivity for low‐concentration samples and interference from complex biological matrices. Prior to performing CE, it is common to utilize sample preparation procedures such as solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid‐phase microextraction (LPME) in order to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the analysis. Recently, there have been advancements in the development of novel materials that have the potential to greatly enhance the performance of SPME and LPME. This review examines various materials and their uses in microextraction when combined with CE. These materials include carbon nanotubes, covalent organic frameworks, metal–organic frameworks, graphene and its derivatives, molecularly imprinted polymers, layered double hydroxides, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents. The utilization of these innovative materials in extraction methods is being examined. Analyte recoveries and detection limits attained for a range of sample matrices are used to assess their effects on extraction selectivity, sensitivity, and efficiency. Exploring new materials for use in sample preparation techniques is important as it enables researchers to address current limitations of CE. The development of novel materials has the potential to greatly enhance extraction selectivity, sensitivity, and efficiency, thereby improving CE performance for complex biological analysis.
In situ Product Recovery of Microbially Synthesized Ethyl Acetate from the Exhaust Gas of a Bioreactor by Membrane Technology
Authors: Hoffmann Andreas , Franz Alexander , Löser Christian , Hoyer Thomas , Weyd Marcus , Walther Thomas 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTEthyl acetate is at present exclusively produced from fossil resources. Microbial synthesis of this ester from sugar‐rich waste as an alternative is an aerobic process. Ethyl acetate is highly volatile and therefore stripped with the exhaust gas from the bioreactor which enables in situ product recovery. Previous research on microbial formation of ethyl acetate has focused on the kinetics of ester synthesis and in part on the ester stripping, while the separation of the ester from the exhaust gas has hardly been investigated. A mixed matrix membrane was developed consisting of Silikalite‐1 embedded in polydimethylsiloxane which was installed in a radial–symmetrical membrane module. Evaluation of the separation of ethyl acetate was based on the analysis of the composition of the feed and retentate gas by mass spectrometry. The separation efficiency of the membrane was first tested with varied flows of artificial exhaust gas, containing defined amounts of ethyl acetate. A model for describing the separation process was parametrized by the measured data and used to design a real separation experiment. Ethyl acetate produced from delactosed whey permeate by Kluyveromyces marxianus DSM 5422 in a stirred bioreactor gassed with 0.5 vvm air was successfully separated from the exhaust gas by membranes; 93.6% of the stripped ester was separated. Liquid ethyl acetate was recovered by cooling the permeate gas to ‒78°C, whereby 99.75% of the condensed organic compounds were ethyl acetate. This study demonstrates for the first time that microbially produced and stripped ethyl acetate can be effectively separated from the exhaust gas of bioreactors by membrane technology to obtain the ester in high yield and purity.
Effect of sediment erosion on pressure pulsations in a large Pelton turbine
Authors: Yao Bing , Zhou Yijin , Wu Baofu , Pang Jiayang , Jiang Dengyun , Zhang Haiku , Liu Jitao , Qin Bei , Liu Xiaobing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPelton turbines functioning in sandy river environments often encounter difficulties due to the swift movement of sediment particles, leading to erosion and damage to overflow components. These challenges can result in operational instability, particularly noticeable in large turbines. Pressure pulsation is crucial for turbine stability, and alterations in overflow component profiles caused by sediment erosion can worsen pressure pulsations. This study utilizes numerical simulations to analyze turbine pressure pulsations based on surface profile changes of runner buckets after 2 and 4 years of sediment erosion in a single 500 MW large‐scale Pelton turbine. Our findings reveal that erosion leads to a gradual decrease in pressure pulsation along the bucket's splitting edge from the notch to the root. After 4 years of erosion and wear, the relative pressure pulsation amplitude in the root region increased by more than 530%. Additionally, changes occur in the thickness of the water film in the erosion area on the working surface, disrupting the flow pattern and generating more vortices. This occurrence intensifies the relative pressure pulsation amplitude and reduces bucket stability. The study findings highlight the significant impact of sediment erosion on Pelton turbine pressure pulsation, posing a considerable risk to the unit's operational stability and safety.
Sensitivity analysis of geological mining influencing factors on the pressure relief effect of upper protective layer mining
Authors: Lei Wulin , Du Xuanhong , Zhang Dingding , Wang Jian , Yang Rili , Zheng Chao , Huang Xu , Wang Siyang , Zhao Jian , Cao Juheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo study the influence of different geological and mining factors on the decompression effect of protective layer mining, a numerical simulation was carried out using FLAC3D numerical software. Taking the Hulusu coal mine as the engineering background, numerical simulation studies were carried out under different mining heights, working face lengths, interlayer lithologies and layer spacing by using FLAC3D numerical software, and the effects of different geological and mining factors on the degree of decompression and the scope of decompression were quantitatively investigated through the control of single‐factor variables. The results show that: the stress at the critical depth of impact ground pressure is 16.44 MPa, and the coefficient of unloading degree C = 0.5 is the indicator of sufficient unloading; the unloading effect of the protected layer decreases with the increase of layer spacing, lithological strength, and length of the working face, and increases with the increase of mining height; the geological and mining parameters of the protected layer show a functional relationship with the critical depth of the unloading, and the order of the influence of pressure relief effect is layer spacing > mining height > interlayer lithology > working face length. The results of the study are very important for the determination of the mining parameters of the protective layer, the estimation of the protective effect, and the design of the management programme of impact pressure.
Dynamics and internal structure of a rock glacier: Inferring relationships from the combined use of differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry, electrical resistivity tomography and ground‐penetrating radar
Authors: Buchelt Sebastian , Kunz Julius , Wiegand Tim , Kneisel Christof 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRock glaciers are characteristic landforms in alpine environments originating from the movement of permanently frozen ground. Hereby, rock glacier velocity (RGV) is an important parameter for understanding the effects of climate change on mountain permafrost. Although understanding of rock glacier dynamics has increased during the last decades, linking small‐scale surface kinematics to sub‐surface properties and heterogeneities remains a challenge. To address this gap, we conducted geophysical surveys (electrical resistivity tomography [ERT] and ground‐penetrating radar [GPR]) along two profile lines of 450 and 950 m in length on a rock glacier in the Central Swiss Alps. Additionally, RGV was derived from Sentinel‐1 differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) to quantify annual east–west displacement and elevation change as well as seasonal acceleration during the snow‐free summer months with a ground sampling distance of 5 m. Our results show that movement angle and seasonality are highly associated with different patterns in sub‐surface structure. These different movement patterns are linked to subunits of different morphological origins. Thereby, we can upscale the geophysical results based on the DInSAR surface movement parameters and outline an area within the study site probably affected by ice of glacial origin. Hence, DInSAR movement angle and seasonality can help to bring local sub‐surface information derived from time‐consuming geophysical investigations into the spatial domain. In this way, a better understanding of the current morphodynamics as well as the past and future evolution of the landform can be reached. Applying the approach to other sites with available geophysical investigations could enhance our knowledge about systematic links between surface kinematics and the internal structure of rock glaciers and other ice‐rich glacial and peri‐glacial landforms, as well as their response to a warming climate.
Holistic learning and optimization scheme for wireless networks
Authors: Husen Arif , Chaudary Muhammad Hasanain , Ahmad Farooq , Sohail Abid 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFuture networks are expected to use Artificial Intelligence and machine learning applications intensely. The primary focus of machine learning techniques will be on intelligent automation and decision‐making based on information learned from network functions, resources, and users. The research community has studied several schemes for using machine learning in communications and networks in the last two decades. However, the schemes mainly focus on learning the state information of individual network functions and resources and performing their optimization in a standalone fashion. Recently, a study group from the International Telecommunication Union has outlined machine learning pipeline requirements. It addresses several aspects of machine learning operations, such as model selection, data sources, and action points. However, the mechanisms to define the state of network functions and resources for different network layers and domains are yet to be explored. Therefore, in addition to the above, specific studies are required for cross‐layer and administrative domain knowledge sharing and holistic optimization. Without considering the holistic view, applying machine learning to optimizing individual functions and resources may result in nonoptimal and unexpected behaviors instead of having any positive effect. The need for global and deep holistic learning has recently been identified in the literature; however, no implementation of the above scheme has been studied or evaluated for networks. This article proposes a novel approach, implementing global and deep holistic learning in wireless networks toward fulfilling the requirements of future intelligent networks. It also proposes an objective function‐based feature engineering for wireless networks. Experimental results of the proposed scheme show significant improvements in the network performance and accuracy of the machine learning models. Moreover, applications of transfer learning to base learners for network functions and resources can significantly expedite decision‐making with reduced computational costs.
A classroom practitioner's self‐study on theorizing a practicality ethic framework for adopting digital affordances in language education
Authors: Yan Dave 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article recounts a classroom practitioner's doing and thinking on the adoption of digital affordances in the context of Languages Other Than English education at an Australian school. Through the lens of practicality ethic, this practitioner employs a self‐study methodology to explore the dynamic relationships between private theories of teaching and teacher agency in their daily use of Information and Communications Technology. Using qualitative data and content analysis, this study explains how a teacher's situated knowledge influences their decision‐making when adopting specific affordances. The findings of this self‐study generate a unique type of knowledge, bridging the gap between theoretical usefulness and practical relevance in technology use. It sheds light on the significance of considering teachers' situatedness, their judgment, and their capacity to enhance classroom experiences. Through this self‐study, a practicality framework is developed, providing practitioners with an evidence base to examine their everyday use of technology. This line of self‐study scholarship rethinks and reframes educational research, highlighting the contemporary realities of teaching and learning. It offers an in‐depth understanding of how and why practitioners adopt specific digital affordances based on what they consider important. The article concludes with several critical implications for practitioners, policymakers, and academic researchers. Future research is recommended to explore collaborative self‐studies and studies across different curricula or various educational settings. Alternatively, nonreductive data analysis and other theoretical perspectives can be explored.
Leftover and weed, joint efforts to preserve health: Joke or reality?
Authors: Kurćubić Vladimir S. , Stajić Slaviša B. , Živković Vladimir , Mašković Pavle Z. , Matejić Vesna , Dmitrić Marko , Živković Saša , Kurćubić Luka V. , Jakovljević Vladimir 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis review sheds light on opportunities to transition to a sustainable food system by reducing the use of synthetic additives, preventing biodiversity loss, and creating healthy foods with the most desirable biological and nutritional value in accordance with the ONE HEALTH approach, positively affecting the preservation of the health of animals, people and the environment. The promotion of the value of the circular economy is reflected in the use of a by‐product of the winery (grape pomace – GP) and weed (Sambucus ebulus L. ‐ Dwarf Elder (DE)) for the production of bioactive substances (BAS) from which phytocomplexes (PHYCO) will be created for various purposes in achieving the ultimate goal: healthier human population. We comprehensively analyzed the benefits of the possibility that the addition of PHYCO of plant extracts and lyophilizates (LYOP) in food/feed enables the highest concentration of BAS while the doses of PHYCO are the lowest/cheapest. Such bioproduction must enable the creation of supplements (antimicrobials/antioxidants) or food with desirable techno‐functional and sensory properties and preventive/therapeutic action.