bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MHD stability analysis against pressure and current-driven modes in the SMall Aspect Ratio Tokamak
Authors: Dominguez-Palacios J. , Garcia-Munoz M. , Toscano-Jimenez M. , Liu Y.Q. , Mancini A. , Cruz-Zabala D.J. , Berkery J.W. , Labbate J.A. , Parisi J. , Todo Y. , Reyner-Viñolas A. , Podestà M. , Viezzer E. , Oyola P. , Futatani S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Linear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations for the SMall Aspect Ratio Tokamak (SMART) have been carried out for the first time, for both positive (PT) and negative triangularity (NT) shaped plasmas using the MARS-F code. The MHD stability of projected SMART plasmas against internal kinks, infernal modes and edge peeling-ballooning modes have been analyzed for a wide range of realistic equilibria. A stabilization of internal kinks and infernal modes is observed when increasing the safety factor profile and reducing plasma beta. PT shaped plasmas are more stable against both internal kinks and infernal modes than their counterpart NT shaped plasmas. Toroidal flows have little impact on the MHD stability of the internal kinks, but they have a strong stabilizing effect on infernal modes, which can be further mitigated in NT shaped plasmas. The MHD stability of peeling-ballooning modes is reduced in NT shaped plasmas, as observed in conventional tokamaks.
An Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Fatigue Life Cycle of Leaf Spring
Authors: Guragain Narayan , Bista Rodan , Nepal Piyush , Timilsina Birat , Sujakhu Surendra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Leaf spring is the key component of the vehicle suspension system that affects the mechanical behavior of vehicle vibration, stability, damping, and other aspects like comfort. However, depending upon the geography and road conditions, its fatigue life may vary. In Nepal, public vehicles operate mainly on paved roads and gravel roads under variable loading conditions. The road tested in this paper includes an urban road ranging 45km from Ratnapark to Sundarijal. The road consists of paved surfaces and gravel roads with varying degrees of slopes, potholes, and cracks. This paper discusses the fatigue life of a leaf spring in a public bus (TATA-709) operating on an urban road. Miner’s rule is used for the experimental analysis. Miner’s rule requires real-life data for the number of stress cycles. The data is obtained from the public bus using the data collection module. The number of repeated stress cycles was computed using the Rainflow cycle counting method and, the fatigue life is calculated implementing Miner’s rule. To validate the experimental results, fatigue simulation is carried out in ANSYS. The stress history data obtained from the experiment is fed into the fatigue model in ANSYS. The result shows that the number of cycles to failure obtained from ANSYS exceeds the number of cycles of failure obtained from Miner’s rule by 5%. This discrepancy indicates the need to consider further factors beyond this study, such as rusting, creep, and pre-stress, which considerably change the material properties and fatigue. This study sets a method to determine the fatigue life cycle of a leaf spring in various road and loading conditions both experimentally and numerically, to avoid potential damage due to failure of the suspension system in a public vehicle.
Performance analysis of meta-heuristic optimization techniques for multi-objective VLSI circuit partitioning
Authors: Roy Sharadindu , Banerjee Siddhartha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The efficiency of various stages of physical design in the Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) circuit can be enhanced by using multi-objective optimization techniques. The circuit is partitioned into a set of modules at the beginning of the physical design phase. This step is known as circuit partitioning. All subsequent physical design stages, like floor planning, placement, pin configuration, and routing etc, are influenced by the outcome of the circuit partitioning method being used. The efficiency of the partitioning method controls the quality of ultimate architecture. The efficiency achieved by the final product may be decreased by incorrect partitioning. This study compares the effectiveness of four Meta-heuristic optimization methods include the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Satin Bowered Bird (SBO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA) — in terms of number of net cut, duration of sleeping mode, and efficiency in power consumption for addressing the VLSI circuit partitioning problem. This experiment achieves K-way partitioning of the circuit that minimizes net cuts as well as maximizes sleep duration simultaneously, by evaluating optimization function. Solutions developed using GA, SBO and PSO consistently surpass those acquired using SA with respect to quality of optimal solution. The average optimum net cut and sleep duration achieved by this experiment are 10.7 and 9.9 in GA ; 11.5 and 12.3 in SBO, 11.80 and 9.10 in PSO; and 16.8 and 6.7 in SA based method respectively. This research resulted in a considerable reduction in power consumption, with the system’s average power efficiency achieved by 21.6%, 26.84%, 19.85%, and 14.62%, respectively, in GA, SBO , PSO, and SA based optimizations. The experimental results are compared with a recent publication and proposed GA, SBO, and PSO based methods achieve 18.75%, 4.17%, and 1.04% improvement in terms of average net cut respectively. The proposed GA, SBO, PSO and SA based methods also achieve 44.90%, 51.30%, 40.05%, and 18.60% improvement in terms of average power efficiency.
Sea ice feedbacks cause more greenhouse cooling than greenhouse warming at high northern latitudes on multi-century timescales
Authors: Kay Jennifer E , Liang Yu-Chiao , Zhou Shih-Ni , Maher Nicola 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In contrast to surface greenhouse warming, surface greenhouse cooling has been less explored, especially on multi-century timescales. Here, we assess the processes controlling the pacing and magnitude of the multi-century surface temperature response to instantaneously doubling and halving atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations in a modern global coupled climate model. Over the first decades, surface greenhouse warming is larger and faster than surface greenhouse cooling both globally and at high northern latitudes (45–90° N). Yet, this initial multi-decadal response difference does not persist. After year 150, additional surface warming is negligible, but surface cooling and sea ice expansion continues. Notably, the equilibration timescale for high northern latitude surface cooling (∼437 years) is more than double the equivalent timescale for warming. The high northern latitude responses differ most at the sea ice edge. Under greenhouse cooling, the sea ice edge slowly creeps southward into the mid-latitude oceans amplified by positive lapse rate and surface albedo feedbacks. While greenhouse warming and sea ice loss at high northern latitudes occurs on multi-decadal timescales, greenhouse cooling and sea ice expansion occurs on multi-century timescales. Overall, this work shows the importance of multi-century timescales and sea ice processes for understanding high northern latitude climate responses.
The logical strength of minimal bad arrays
Authors: Freund Anton , Pakhomov Fedor , Soldà Giovanni 
Published: September 2024

This paper studies logical aspects of the notion of better-quasi-order, which was introduced by C. Nash-Williams [Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 61 (1965), pp. 697–720; Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 64 (1968), pp. 273–290]. A central tool in the theory of better-quasi-orders is the minimal bad array lemma. We show that this lemma is exceptionally strong from the viewpoint of reverse mathematics, a framework from mathematical logic. Specifically, it is equivalent to the set existence principle of

Π
2
1

\Pi ^1_2

-comprehension, over the base theory

A
T

R
0

\mathsf {ATR_0}

.
Our Polarization Problem
Authors: Talisse Robert B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Polarization looms large in popular diagnoses of contemporary democracy’s dysfunctions. But the concept of polarization is ambiguous. This chapter lays out two distinct forms of polarization: political polarization and belief polarization. The first is a measure of the divide between opposing groups, while the other is a cognitive and affective force that emerges within likeminded groups. The problem that polarization poses for democracy lies within the combination of these two forms of polarization. Our polarization problem lies with the dynamic between partisan divisiveness and in-group extremity and conformity. The upshot is that democratic citizens have a responsibility to manage their exposure to the polarization dynamic.
The rule of law condemned:
Authors: Huq Aziz Z. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Critics have launched categorical broadsides against the rule of law, and crises have tested its strength. From the political left, the intellectual tradition seeded by Karl Marx generated scathing condemnations of the ideological, even delusional, quality of what is labeled “bourgeois legalism.” From the political right, the rule of law is condemned as feeble and incoherent because it ignores core, existential realities of political life. Evgeny Pashukanis and Carl Schmitt, respectively, offered the sharpest versions of these critiques. Their criticisms presaged three of the most pressing crises experienced by the rule of law almost a century later—as a consequence of capitalism, crisis, and populism. This chapter outlines those challenges.
Regression-Based Proximal Causal Inference
Authors: Liu Jiewen , Park Chan , Li Kendrick , Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Negative controls are increasingly used to evaluate the presence of potential unmeasured confounding in observational studies. Beyond the use of negative controls to detect the presence of residual confounding, proximal causal inference (PCI) was recently proposed to de-bias confounded causal effect estimates, by leveraging a pair of treatment and outcome negative control or confounding proxy variables. While formal methods for statistical inference have been developed for PCI, these methods can be challenging to implement as they involve solving complex integral equations that are typically ill-posed. We develop a regression-based PCI approach, employing two-stage generalized linear regression models (GLMs) to implement PCI, which obviates the need to solve difficult integral equations. The proposed approach has merit in that (i) it is applicable to continuous, count, and binary outcomes cases, making it relevant to a wide range of real-world applications, and (ii) it is easy to implement using off-the-shelf software for GLMs. We establish the statistical properties of regression-based PCI and illustrate their performance in both synthetic and real-world empirical applications.
GUARD CELL HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-RESISTANT1 functions upstream of reactive carbonyl species production in Arabidopsis guard-cell abscisic acid signaling
Authors: Shaiek Oumayma , Yin Huifei , Uesako Nodoka , Islam Md Moshiul , Rhaman Mohammad Saidur , Nakamura Toshiyuki , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Munemasa Shintaro , Mano Jun'ichi , Murata Yoshiyuki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
GUARD CELL HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-RESISTANT1 (GHR1), a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, is involved in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. We investigated the role of GHR1 in reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling for ABA-induced stomatal closure. ABA induced ROS production in wild type (WT) and the ghr1 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Hydrogen peroxide induced stomatal closure, accompanying the generation of acrolein in guard cells. The reactive carbonyl species (RCS) scavengers inhibited the ABA- and H2O2-induced stomatal closure in WT. In the ghr1, H2O2 failed to induce acrolein production and stomatal closure while RCS induced stomatal closure. Thus, GHR1 functions downstream of ROS and is required for the generation of RCS in guard-cell ABA signaling. In the ghr1, Ca2+ induced stomatal closure but RCS did not activate ICa channels. The GHR1 may be also involved in a Ca2+-independent pathway for ABA-induced stomatal closure.
MPRAVarDB: an online database and web server for exploring regulatory effects of genetic variants
Authors: Jin Weijia , Xia Yi , Nizomov Javlon , Liu Yunlong , Li Zhigang , Lu Qing , Chen Li 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Summary
Massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) is an important technology for evaluating the impact of genetic variants on gene regulation. Here, we present MPRAVarDB, an online database and web server for exploring regulatory effects of genetic variants. MPRAVarDB harbors 18 MPRA experiments designed to assess the regulatory effects of genetic variants associated with GWAS loci, eQTLs, and genomic features, totaling 242 818 variants tested more than 30 cell lines and 30 human diseases or traits. MPRAVarDB enables users to query MPRA variants by genomic region, disease and cell line, or any combination of these parameters. Notably, MPRAVarDB offers a suite of pretrained machine-learning models tailored to the specific disease and cell line, facilitating the prediction of regulatory variants. The user-friendly interface allows users to receive query and prediction results with just a few clicks.

Availability and implementation
https://mpravardb.rc.ufl.edu
Causal association among glaucoma, cerebral cortical structures, and Alzheimer’s disease: insights from genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Zhou Xiaoyu , Yuan Xiang-Ling , Xu Jiahao , Zhang Xinyue , Duan Xuanchu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Glaucoma and Alzheimer’s disease are critical degenerative neuropathies with global impact. Previous studies have indicated that glaucomatous damage could extend beyond ocular structures, leading to brain alterations potentially associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk. This study aimed to explore the causal associations among glaucoma, brain alterations, and Alzheimer’s disease. We conducted a comprehensive investigation into the genetic correlation and causality between glaucoma, glaucoma endophenotypes, cerebral cortical surficial area and thickness, and Alzheimer’s disease (including late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive performance, and reaction time) using linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization. This study showed suggestive genetic correlations between glaucoma, cortical structures, and Alzheimer’s disease. The genetically predicted all-caused glaucoma was nominally associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93–0.99, P = 0.013). We found evidence for suggestive causality between glaucoma (endophenotypes) and 20 cortical regions and between 29 cortical regions and Alzheimer’s disease (endophenotypes). Four cortical regions were causally associated with cognitive performance or reaction time at a significant threshold (P &lt; 6.2E-04). Thirteen shared cortical regions between glaucoma (endophenotypes) and Alzheimer’s disease (endophenotypes) were identified. Our findings complex causal relationships among glaucoma, cerebral cortical structures, and Alzheimer’s disease. More studies are required to clarify the mediation effect of cortical alterations in the relationship between glaucoma and Alzheimer’s disease.
Novel Green Chromatographic Approaches for Estimation of a Triple Common Cold Pharmaceutical Combination
Authors: Soliman Rabab M , Rostom Yasmin , Fayez Yasmin M , Mostafa Nadia M , Monir Hany H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, there is a strong interest in the scientific community in developing innovative methodologies within a green analytical chemistry framework. Herein, we introduce the first chromatographic approaches for the concurrent estimation of paracetamol (PAR), carbinoxamine (CRX), and pseudoephedrine (PSE) intended to relieve COVID-19 and common cold symptoms. The first method was thin layer chromatography (TLC) densitometry, which depends on the separation of the studied medications on TLC silica gel plates using ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia (7.0: 3.0: 0.2, by volume) as the developing system, and were scanned at 208.0 nm. The data were linear in the ranges of 1–25 μg/band for PAR, 1–25 μg/band for PSE and 0.1–5 μg/band for CRX. The second method was reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography separation on a Kromasil C18 column using a mixture of 0.01 M phosphate buffer containing 0.1% triethylamine (pH 3.5) adjusted with orthophosphoric acid and ethanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min in a gradient program. The separated peaks were detected at 215.0 nm over a concentration range of 10–250 μg/mL for PAR, 5–35 μg/mL for PSE, and 0.5–25 μg/mL for CRX. Both approaches were validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Finally, the impact of these methods on the environment was evaluated by many tools.
Evaluation and Management of Pelvic Osteomyelitis in Stage IV Pressure Injuries: A Multidisciplinary Collaborative Approach
Authors: El Zein Said , Melin Matthew M , Suh Gina A , Tran N V , Rose Peter S , Berbari Elie F 
Published: September 2024

AbstractManaging pelvic osteomyelitis (POM) in the setting of stage IV pressure injuries requires multidisciplinary evaluation as well as patient and caregiver engagement and is complicated by the lack of high-evidence data to guide best practices. In this review, we describe our approach to pressure injury and POM evaluation and management through multidisciplinary collaboration and highlight areas of future research that are necessary to enhance patient outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and improve the quality of life of those affected by POM.
Assessing left atrial dysfunction in cardiac amyloidosis using LA–LV strain slope
Authors: Edbom Fredrik , Lindqvist Per , Wiklund Urban , Pilebro Björn , Anan Intissar , Flachskampf Frank A , Arvidsson Sandra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is an infiltrative disease of the myocardium in which extracellular deposits of amyloid cause progressive cardiac impairment. We aimed to evaluate left atrial (LA) deformation and its association with left ventricular (LV) deformation using LA–LV strain loops in patients with ATTR-CM and patients with LV hypertrophy (LVH). We hypothesized that LA strain in ATTR-CM patients is abnormal and more independent of LV strain, compared to LVH patients.

Methods and results
Retrospective study based on echocardiographic data including 30 patients diagnosed with ATTR-CM based on an end-diastolic interventricular septal (IVSd) thickness of ≥14 mm, and 29 patients with LVH (IVSd ≥ 14 mm and no ATTR-CM diagnosis) together with 30 controls. LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) and LA strain, assessed as peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS), were acquired and plotted to construct LA–LV strain loops and used regression line to determine a LA–LV strain slope. Significantly lower PALS and LA–LV strain slope values were detected in ATTR-CM patients compared to LVH patients (P = 0.004 and P = 0.014, respectively). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated similar area under the curve (AUC) using PALS (AUC 0.72) and LA–LV slope (AUC 0.71), with both resulting in higher values than recorded for LV-GLS (AUC 0.62).

Conclusion
LA deformation demonstrates an independent ability to differentiate ATTR-CM from LVH. Combining LV strain and LA deformation analysis displays the mechanical LA–LV dissociation in ATTR cardiac amyloidosis and potentially unmasks LA amyloid infiltration; this could potentially enable quicker diagnosis and initiation of treatment for ATTR-CM.
Congenital heart defects in children born after assisted reproductive technology: a CoNARTaS study
Authors: Sargisian Nona , Petzold Max , Furenäs Eva , Gissler Mika , Spangmose Anne Lærke , Malchau Lauesgaard Sara , Opdahl Signe , Pinborg Anja , Henningsen Anna-Karina A , Westvik-Johari Kjersti , Rönö Kristiina , Bergh Christina , Wennerholm Ulla-Britt 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Children born after assisted reproductive technology (ART) have worse perinatal outcomes compared with spontaneously conceived children. This study investigates whether children conceived after ART have a higher risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) compared with children born after spontaneous conception (SC).

Methods
All 7 747 637 liveborn children in Denmark (1994–2014), Finland (1990–2014), Norway (1984–2015), and Sweden (1987–2015), where 171 735 children were conceived after ART, were included. National ART and medical birth registry data were cross-linked with data from other health and population registries. Outcomes were major CHDs, severe CHDs, 6 hierarchical CHD lesion groups, and 10 selected major CHDs, diagnosed prenatally or up to 1 year of age (Denmark, Finland, and Sweden) and prenatally or at birth (Norway). The association between ART and CHDs was assessed with multivariable logistic regression analysis, with adjustment for available confounders.

Results
Major CHDs were detected in 3159 children born after ART (1.84%) and in 86 824 children born after SC [1.15%; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–1.41]. Risk was highest in multiples, regardless of conception method. Severe CHDs were detected in 594 children born after ART (0.35%) and in 19 375 children born after SC (0.26%; AOR 1.30; 95% CI 1.20–1.42). Risk was similar between ICSI and IVF and between frozen and fresh embryo transfer.

Conclusions
Assisted reproductive technology–conceived children have a higher prevalence of major CHDs, being rare, but severe conditions. The absolute risks are, however, modest and partly associated with multiple pregnancies, more prevalent in ART.
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: indications and future perspective
Authors: Natale Andrea , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Sanders Prashanthan , Anter Elad , Shah Ashok , Al Mohani Ghaliah , Haissaguerre Michael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent advances in techniques, technologies and proven superiority over anti-arrhythmic drugs have made catheter ablation the cornerstone of management for atrial fibrillation (AF), which has shown a steady increase in prevalence in the ageing population worldwide. The aim of therapeutic interventions is to achieve stable sinus rhythm that would improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of AF-associated complications. Pulmonary veins (PVs) were first described as the source of initiation of ectopic triggers driving AF, which led to the establishment of PV isolation (PVI) as the most widely practiced procedure to treat AF. Antral PVI is still recognized as the stand-alone ablation strategy for newly diagnosed paroxysmal AF (PAF). However, in non-PAF patients, PVI seems to be inadequate and several adjunctive strategies, including ablation of left atrial posterior wall and non-PV triggers, AF mapping and ablation of rotors and drivers, ethanol infusion of vein of Marshall and renal denervation, etc. have been reported with mixed results. Recent trials have also documented the benefits of early rhythm control in preventing cardiovascular events in addition to slowing the progression of PAF to more persistent forms. Similarly, very late relapse of the arrhythmia after successful PVI has drawn attention to the critical role of non-PV triggers and highlighted their relevance as potential ablation targets during repeat procedures. Ablation technology is also under constant evolution with the introduction of non-thermal energy sources and new tools to create durable lesions. This review summarizes the indications, advancements, and future perspective of AF ablation.