bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor Learning Enhances Use-Dependent Plasticity
Authors: Mawase Firas , Uehara Shintaro , Bastian Amy J. , Celnik Pablo 
Published: February 2017

Motor behaviors are shaped not only by current sensory signals but also by the history of recent experiences. For instance, repeated movements toward a particular target bias the subsequent movements toward that target direction. This process, called use-dependent plasticity (UDP), is considered a basic and goal-independent way of forming motor memories. Most studies consider movement history as the critical component that leads to UDP (Classen et al., 1998; Verstynen and Sabes, 2011). However, the effects of learning (i.e., improved performance) on UDP during movement repetition have not been investigated. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation in two experiments to assess plasticity changes occurring in the primary motor cortex after individuals repeated reinforced and nonreinforced actions. The first experiment assessed whether learning a skill task modulates UDP. We found that a group that successfully learned the skill task showed greater UDP than a group that did not accumulate learning, but made comparable repeated actions. The second experiment aimed to understand the role of reinforcement learning in UDP while controlling for reward magnitude and action kinematics. We found that providing subjects with a binary reward without visual feedback of the cursor led to increased UDP effects. Subjects in the group that received comparable reward not associated with their actions maintained the previously induced UDP. Our findings illustrate how reinforcing consistent actions strengthens use-dependent memories and provide insight into operant mechanisms that modulate plastic changes in the motor cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPerforming consistent motor actions induces use-dependent plastic changes in the motor cortex. This plasticity reflects one of the basic forms of human motor learning. Past studies assumed that this form of learning is exclusively affected by repetition of actions. However, here we showed that success-based reinforcement signals could affect the human use-dependent plasticity (UDP) process. Our results indicate that learning augments and interacts with UDP. This effect is important to the understanding of the interplay between the different forms of motor learning and suggests that reinforcement is not only important to learning new behaviors, but can shape our subsequent behavior via its interaction with UDP.
Differential Regulation of Cyclin E by Yorkie-Scalloped Signaling in Organ Development
Authors: Shu Zhiqiang , Deng Wu-Min 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTissue integrity and homeostasis are accomplished through strict spatial and temporal regulation of cell growth and proliferation during development. Various signaling pathways have emerged as major growth regulators across metazoans; yet, how differential growth within a tissue is spatiotemporally coordinated remains largely unclear. Here, we report a role of a growth modulator Yorkie (Yki), the Drosophila homolog of Yes-associated protein (YAP), that differentially regulates its targets in Drosophila wing imaginal discs; whereby Yki interacts with its transcriptional partner, Scalloped (Sd), the homolog of the TEAD/TEF family transcription factor in mammals, to control an essential cell cycle regulator Cyclin E (CycE). Interestingly, when Yki was coexpressed with Fizzy-related (Fzr), a Drosophila endocycle inducer and homolog of Cdh1 in mammals, surrounding hinge cells displayed larger nuclear size than distal pouch cells. The observed size difference is attributable to differential regulation of CycE, a target of Yki and Sd, the latter of which can directly bind to CycE regulatory sequences, and is expressed only in the pouch region of the wing disc starting from the late second-instar larval stage. During earlier stages of larval development, when Sd expression was not detected in the wing disc, coexpression of Fzr and Yki did not cause size differences between cells along the proximal–distal axis of the disc. We show that ectopic CycE promoted cell proliferation and apoptosis, and inhibited transcriptional activity of Yki targets. These findings suggest that spatiotemporal expression of transcription factor Sd induces differential growth regulation by Yki during wing disc development, highlighting coordination between Yki and CycE to control growth and maintain homeostasis.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN MELALUI KOMITMEN ORGANISASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA PT. KERTA RAJASA RAYA
Authors: Budiono Dewi Suryani 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT The rapid growth of economy now a days is influenced by the existing human resource. Without human resource, an organization will not able to reach its goals. Society consists of human and culture. With the culture of organization, the employees will be easier to adapt themselves to the environment of organization and to help them to know what they have to do. A factor that also influences performence of the employees is the commitment of organization.The commitment of organization has an important function in determining whether the employees will stay and work hard for the organization or not The aim of thhis reseacrh is to test the influenceof the culture of organization on the performance of employees through the commitment of organization as an intervening variable (study at HRD Division of PT. KertaRajasa Raya). This is a causality research with quantitative approach. The sampling technique used in this research is saturated sampling technique with SEM approach using PLS software The sample used was 32 respondents obtained from employees of HRD division of PT. KertaRajasa Raya. The measurement scale used was likert scale. The result of this research indicates that thereis a significant influence between the culture of organization and the performance of employees. The commitment of organoztion doesn’t have significant influence of the performence of employees. The culture of organization has significant influence on the commitment of organization. However, the culture of organization on the performance of employees through the commitment of organization as an intervening variable has been proven of no influence
The Relationship between Plantar Fasciitis and Plantar Heel Pressure
Authors: Bartolo Erica , Formosa Cynthia , Gatt Alfred 
Published: February 2017

Objective: The presence of increased medial heel plantar pressure in plantar fasciitis has been debated, with clinicians often utilizing pressure-relieving devices, such as heel pads and cups, as a means of management. Method: Plantar pressures in a sample of 15 adult participants with chronic plantar fasciitis were compared to plantar pressures of the 15 adult participants forming the control group, who were matched for age, gender and weight. Results: There were no significant differences in peak heel plantar pressure (p = 0.244), lateral peak plantar pressure (p = 0.876), forefoot peak plantar pressure (p = 0.576) and the Forefoot to Rear foot peak pressure ratio (p = 0.242) between the 2 groups. However, there was a significant difference (p = 0.015) in medial heel peak plantar pressure between the 2 groups, with the plantar fasciitis group having lower medial heel pressure than the control group. . Conclusion: The findings in this study suggest that there is no relationship between peak medial heel plantar pressures and chronic medio-plantar heel pain in plantar fasciitis. There is also no shift in pressure from the symptomatic medio-plantar heel region to the latero-plantar heel and forefoot regions. As a result, pressure may not play a part in the pathophysiology of plantar fasciitis.
AKAD HIBRID DALAM SURAT EDARAN BANK INDONESIA NOMOR 14/7/BPbS : ANALISIS HUKUM PADA PRODUK QARDH BERAGUN EMAS
Authors: Satria Muhammad Hatta 
Published: February 2017

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Implementation of the hybrid contract on qardh secured gold products consists of some contract, namely al-qardh, Rahn and Ijarah. This study focuses on the analysis of the hybrid contract on products qardh secured gold in Bank Indonesia Circular Letter No. 14/7 / BPbS. In this study the authors use research methods to examine normative juridical construction of the secured some financing agreement qardh gold. The results of the research, contract hybrids in product qardh secured gold to avoid the three problems, namely contract hybrids in buying, selling and borrowing, two sale and purchase agreement in the purchase contract, and two transactions in one transaction, for their firmness in the separation agreement between the contract tabarru 'with mu'āwadhah contract. Hybrids contracts in product qardh gold secured in accordance with the pillars and the terms of the contract, as well as the condition of legitimacy, namely the submission that does not cause any harm, gharar (vagueness), the terms imperfect, and usury.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keyword: hybrid contract; Qardh secured gold</em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Abstrak</em></strong></p><p><em>Implementasi a</em><em>kad </em><em>hibrid pada </em><em>produk qardh beragun emas </em><em>terdiri dari</em><em> beberapa akad, yaitu </em><em>al-</em><em>qardh, rahn</em><em> </em><em>dan ijārah. </em><em>Penelitian ini </em><em>ber</em><em>fokus pada </em><em>analisis akad hibrid pada produk qardh beragun emas dalam Surat Edaran Bank Indonesia Nomor 14/7/BPbS . </em><em>Dalam penelitian ini</em><em> penulis menggunakan </em><em>metode </em><em>pen</em><em>elitian</em><em> </em><em>normatif dengan mengkaji konstruksi yuridis beberapa akad pembiayaan qardh beragun emas. </em><em>Hasil penelitian</em><em>, akad hibrid pada produk qardh beragun emas terhindar dari tiga </em><em>masalah</em><em>, yaitu akad hibrid dalam jual beli dan pinjaman, </em><em>dua akad jual beli dalam satu akad jual bel</em><em>i</em><em>, dan dua transaksi dalam satu transaksi</em><em>, k</em><em>arena</em><em> </em><em>adanya ketegasan dalam pemisahan akad antara akad tabarru’ dengan akad mu’āwa</em><em>dh</em><em>ah</em><em>. Akad hibrid pada produk qardh beragun emas</em><em> sesuai dengan rukun dan syarat akad, serta syarat keabsahannya</em><em>, yaitu </em><em>penyerahan yang tidak menimbulkan kerugian, gharar (ketidakjelasan), syarat-syarat fasid, dan riba</em><em>.</em></p><strong>Keyword: akad hybrid; Qardh beragun emas</strong>
Sustainability evaluation of different techniques for concrete mixing based on quality control
Authors: Reynosa-Morales L. M. , Olguín-Coca F. J. , Guillén-Trujillo H. A. , Alonso-Farrera F. A. , Castro-Borges P. , López-González A. , Ramos-Torres G. 
Published: February 2017

Sustainability evaluation of different techniques for concrete mixing based on quality controlABSTRACTIn this study emergy analysis, an environmental valuation method was applied to concrete mixing with the purpose of evaluating its dependence on non-renewable natural resources. Three concrete mixing techniques, industrialized, semi-industrialized and manual, were evaluated based on quality control. The quantity of environmental resources used in production was measured in terms of equivalent solar energy. The resulting transformities were compared to show that emergy analysis is sensible to local context and the limits of the reference system. The results obtained show that concrete mixing is highly dependent on external resources. Semi-industrialized concrete was found to be the most sustainable.Keywords: emergy analysis; environmental accounting; sustainability; transformity; concrete.Evaluación de la sustentabilidad de diferentes técnicas de producción de concreto hidráulico basado en su control de calidadRESUMENEn este trabajo, se aplicó un método de valoración ambiental en la producción concreto con el fin de evaluar su dependencia de los recursos naturales no renovables. Tres técnicas de producción basadas en su control de calidad: industrializada, semi-industrializada y manual; se evalualuaron mediante eMergía. Esto se realizó para medir la cantidad de uso de los recursos del medio ambiente en términos de energía solar equivalente. Las Transformidades resultantes se compararon con el fin de poner de manifiesto que el análisis de eMergía es sensible al contexto local y los límites del sistema de referencia. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una alta dependencia en la producción de concreto sobre las fuentes de recursos externos, siendo el concreto semi-industrializado el más sustentable.Palabras clave: Análisis eMergético; contabilidad ambiental; sustentabilidad; transformidad; concreto hidráulico. Avaliaçao da sustentabilidade de tres métodos de produçao de concreto com base no controle de qualidadeRESUMOEste trabalho apresenta um método de avaliação ambiental na produção de concreto, baseado no consumo de recursos naturais não-renováveis. Três técnicas de produção (industrializada, semi-industrializada e manual) foram avaliadas sob o controle de qualidade eMergia. Este conceito foi utilizado para medir a quantidade do uso de recursos do meio ambiente em termos de energia solar equivalente. Os resultados foram comparados a fim de mostrar que a análise eMergia é sensível ao contexto local e aos limites do sistema de referência. Os resultados mostram uma alta dependência da produção de concreto em relação às fontes de recursos externos, sendo o concreto semi-industrializado o mais sustentável, segundo esta análise.Palavras chave: análise eMergética; contabilidade ambiental; sustentabilidade; transformidade; concreto.
Technology Update: Preventing Emulsions by Mitigating Solids
Authors: Long Bob 
Published: February 2017

Technology Update
There are many oilfield applications to treat oil emulsions and water (reverse) emulsions. Root cause determination with full solutions to emulsion issues can be more efficient and cost-effective than bandage-type downstream applications such as acid treatments, demulsifiers, and water clarifiers. Improving flow assurance or preventing under-deposit corrosion issues are additional benefits of finding and eliminating problems at their source.
The Impact of Emulsions
The development of an oilfield emulsion requires four key components: oil, water, an emulsifying agent (solids, surfactants, or chemicals), and agitation (or shear). Solids, such as scale particles, corrosion byproducts, or waxes, tie the oil and water together. Agitation mixes the two, resulting in an emulsion. Removing or preventing any one of these four components will break or prevent emulsions.
Stable emulsions can have damaging effects on lines and result in increased costs for handling solids (through mechanical removal), heat energy, and chemical programs. They can also result in capital expenses, such as purchasing the filtration equipment needed to remove solids. In addition to the operating costs associated with emulsions, operators may experience unexpected downtime and lost production.
Water that is separated out in production facilities contains residual oil that is trapped in reverse emulsions—oil droplets dispersed in the water phase vs. a standard emulsion where water is trapped in the oil phase. The concentration of this residual oil is usually too high for permitted discharge to the environment and may result in operator fines. Any oil that is not captured and is lost to disposal is a loss of profit.
Current Industry Practices
A typical industry practice is to use a demulsifier to treat standard emulsions. Choosing an effective demulsifier is often viewed as a “black art,” frequently done by conducting a “bottle test” with a kit of demulsifiers or blends. There are three main processes by which demulsifiers “unlock” emulsions: flocculation, coalescence, and solids wetting.
Another industry method for treating solids is to batch treat with acid. Acid can effectively treat calcium carbon-ate, the most common carbonate scale, and iron sulfide, a corrosion byproduct. When acid is added to iron sulfide, it creates a byproduct of hydrogen sulfide, a poisonous gas. Acid treatments are temporary, lasting no more than a couple of days. Although they successfully put the solids into the solution, as soon as the water pH rises back during dilution, the solids typically precipitate back out from solution.
The Effect of Air Tourniquet on Interleukin-6 Levels in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tsunoda Kenji , Sonohata Motoki , Kugisaki Hajime , Someya Shinsuke , Honke Hidefumi , Komine Mitsunori , Izumi Masataka , Ide Shuya , Mawatari Masaaki 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Air tourniquet-induced skeletal muscle injury increases the concentrations of some cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) in plasma. However, the effect of an air tourniquet on the IL-6 concentrations after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is unclear. We therefore investigated the impact of tourniquet-induced ischemia and reperfusion injury in TKA using the IL-6 level as an index.

Methods:
Ten patients with primary knee osteoarthrosis who underwent unilateral TKA without an air tourniquet were recruited (Non-tourniquet group). We also selected 10 age- and sex-matched control patients who underwent unilateral TKA with an air tourniquet (Tourniquet group). Venous blood samples were obtained at 3 points; before surgery, 24 h after surgery, and 7 days after surgery.
The following factors were compared between the two groups; IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), the mean white blood cell (WBC) counts, and the maximum daily body temperatures.

Results:
The IL-6 level at 24 h after surgery was significantly higher than that at any other point (p<0.01). No significant differences were observed in the WBC count, the body temperature, or the CRP, CPK, or IL-6 levels of the two groups at any of the time points.

Conclusion:
The effect of ischemia and reperfusion due to the use of an air tourniquet on increasing the IL-6 level was much smaller than that induced by surgical stress in TKA.
Perspectives of Older Kidney Transplant Recipients on Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Pinter Jule , Hanson Camilla S. , Chapman Jeremy R. , Wong Germaine , Craig Jonathan C. , Schell Jane O. , Tong Allison 
Published: February 2017

Background and objectives
Older kidney transplant recipients are susceptible to cognitive impairment, frailty, comorbidities, immunosuppression-related complications, and chronic graft failure, however, there has been limited focus on their concerns and expectations related to transplantation. This study aims to describe the perspectives of older kidney transplant recipients about their experience of kidney transplantation, self-management, and treatment goals to inform strategies and interventions that address their specific needs.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Face-to-face semistructured interviews were conducted with 30 kidney transplant recipients aged 65–80 years from five renal units in Australia. Transcripts were analyzed thematically.

Results
Six themes were identified: restoring vitality of youth (with subthemes of revived mindset for resilience, embracing enjoyment in life, drive for self-actualization); persisting through prolonged recovery (yielding to aging, accepting functional limitations, pushing the limit, enduring treatment responsibilities); imposing sicknesses (combatting devastating comorbidities, painful restrictions, emerging disillusionment, anxieties about accumulating side effects, consuming treatment burden); prioritizing graft survival (privileged with a miracle, negotiating risks for longevity, enacting a moral duty, preserving the last opportunity); confronting health deterioration (vulnerability and helplessness, narrowing focus to immediate concerns, uncertainty of survival); and value of existence (purpose through autonomy, refusing the burden of futile treatment, staying alive by all means).

Conclusions
Older kidney transplant recipients felt able to enjoy life and strived to live at their newly re-established potential and capability, which motivated them to protect their graft. However, some felt constrained by slow recuperation and overwhelmed by unexpected comorbidities, medication-related side effects, and health decline. Our findings suggest the need to prepare and support older recipients for self-management responsibilities, clarify their expectations of post-transplant risks and outcomes, and provide assistance through prolonged recovery after kidney transplantation.
The Relation of Serum Potassium Concentration with Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Community-Living Individuals
Authors: Hughes-Austin Jan M. , Rifkin Dena E. , Beben Tomasz , Katz Ronit , Sarnak Mark J. , Deo Rajat , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , Homma Shunichi , Siscovick David S. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Psaty Bruce M. , de Boer Ian H. , Kestenbaum Bryan , Shlipak Michael G. , Ix Joachim H. 
Published: February 2017

Background and objectives
Hyperkalemia is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with CKD and in hospitalized patients with acute medical conditions. Little is known regarding hyperkalemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality in community-living populations. In a pooled analysis of two large observational cohorts, we investigated associations between serum potassium concentrations and CVD events and mortality, and whether potassium-altering medications and eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 modified these associations.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Among 9651 individuals from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), who were free of CVD at baseline (2000–2002 in the MESA and 1989–1993 in the CHS), we investigated associations between serum potassium categories (<3.5, 3.5–3.9, 4.0–4.4, 4.5–4.9, and ≥5.0 mEq/L) and CVD events, mortality, and mortality subtypes (CVD versus non-CVD) using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for demographics, time-varying eGFR, traditional CVD risk factors, and use of potassium-altering medications.

Results
Compared with serum potassium concentrations between 4.0 and 4.4 mEq/L, those with concentrations ≥5.0 mEq/L were at higher risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.76), CVD death (hazard ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 2.26), and non-CVD death (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.83) in fully adjusted models. Associations of serum potassium with these end points differed among diuretic users (P
interaction<0.02 for all), such that participants who had serum potassium ≥5.0 mEq/L and were concurrently using diuretics were at higher risk of each end point compared with those not using diuretics.

Conclusions
Serum potassium concentration ≥5.0 mEq/L was associated with all-cause mortality, CVD death, and non-CVD death in community-living individuals; associations were stronger in diuretic users. Whether maintenance of potassium within the normal range may improve clinical outcomes requires future study.