bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome Prediction, Quality of Life, and Life Expectancy in Metastatic Spine Tumors: WFNS Spine Committee Recommendation
Authors: Sharif Salman , Afsar Afifa , Zileli Mehmet , Vaishya Sandeep , Gokaslan Ziya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives: This review aimed to formulate the most current, evidence-based recommendations for the prediction of outcome, life expectancy, and quality of life in patients with metastatic vertebral tumors.
Methods: A systematic literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar from 2012-2022 using the keywords “metastatic vertebral tumors + outcome prediction + prognosis,” “quality of life + spine metastases,” and “spine metastases + life expectancy” were done. Our PubMed search yielded 402 articles for outcome prediction, whereas 40 articles were identified for life expectancy in spine metastases. These were carefully screened, resulting in 61 and 11 final articles analyzed for this study.Our PubMed search for quality of life yielded 137 articles, of which 63 were analyzed for this study. This up-to-date information was reviewed and presented at two separate consensus meetings of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) Spine Committee. Two rounds of the Delphi method were utilized to vote on the statements and arrive at a positive or negative consensus.
Results and Conclusion: The WFNS Spine Committee finalized seven recommendation guidelines on the prediction of outcome, life expectancy, and quality of life in metastatic vertebral tumors. Irrespective of the primary tumor, surgical decompression in appropriately selected patients potentially improves the quality of life. Pre-operative ambulatory status, overall performance, and age are independent predictors of outcome and overall survival. Prognostic scoring systems have evolved to principle-based algorithms, amongst which NOMS is the most widely used. The best tools to measure the quality of life are EUQOL5-D and SOSGOQ in patients with metastatic spine disease.
Placental Pouch Closure (PPC) technique as a uterus sparing technique for management of placenta accreta spectrum, does Bilateral uterine artery ligation as an added step really add?
Authors: Zahran Kamal M. , Shahat Mohamed A. , Abouzeid Mostafa H. , Kamal Mohamed Zahran. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Placental pouch closure (Zahran’s) technique looks to be an attractive and effective surgical procedure for conservative management of placenta accreta. The major blood supply of the uterus comes from the uterine artery, so bilateral uterine artery ligation (UAL) before delivering of the placenta greatly decreases the blood loss. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of bilateral uterine artery ligation in decreasing the blood loss in placental pouch closure (PPC) technique and subsequently decreasing the associated maternal morbidity and mortality in women underwent PPC as a conservative surgery.
Methods
One-hundred thirty women attended women’s health hospital, Assiut University, Egypt with placenta accreta were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group A included 65 women underwent the original PPC (Zahran’s) technique while group B included women underwent PPC and bilateral uterine artery ligation (modified technique). At 35 weeks, the management plan was discussed and determined by antepartum findings. The intra-operative blood loss was assessed by number of soaked towels and amount of blood at suction device.
Results
Intraoperative blood loss was significantly higher among women underwent original PPC in comparison to those women who underwent the modified PPC technique (1546.62 ± 212.51 vs. 1149.85 ± 130.54 (cc); p < 0.001). Women who underwent original PPC had significantly higher transfused packed red blood corpuscles (3.23 ± 0.67 vs. 1.77 ± 0.45 (cc); p < 0.001) and fresh frozen plasma (2.50 ± 0.55 vs. 1.50 ± 0.50 (cc); p < 0.001) in comparison to the other group.
Conclusions
the present study confirm that bilateral uterine artery ligation as an added step for PPC technique resulted in satisfactory decrease in the amount of intra-operative blood loss and subsequently the need for blood transfusion while still allowing for uterine preservation.
Trail Registration Number:
NCT05314595, submission date: March 11, 2022
Personal traits, lifestyle decisions, and geography shape our dietary intake and consequently our bacterial and fungal gut microbiome
Authors: Soler Zaida , Serrano-Gómez Gerard , Pons-Tarin Marc , Vega-Abellaneda Sara , Xie Zixuan , Manjon Isaac , Cognard Chloe , Varela Encarna , Yañez Francisca , Noguera-Segura Arnau , Roca-Bosch Melina , Manichanh Chaysavanh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD-2017) study identified high sodium intake, low whole grain intake, and low fruit consumption as key dietary risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We hypothesize that individual characteristics and lifestyle factors influence these dietary risks, thereby modulating the composition of the gut bacterial and fungal communities.
Results
From 2020 to 2024, we enrolled 1001 participants from four Spanish regions. Participants completed a short Food Frequency Questionnaire (sFFQ) at baseline, month six, and month 12 (n = 2475). Age, gender, geography, and seasonal factors significantly shaped dietary patterns, with older age and healthier diets, especially those rich in fruits and vegetables, linked to increased gut microbiome diversity. Participants generally consumed less legumes, whole grains, and nuts but exceeded recommended red meat and sugar intake levels, with men showing poorer dietary habits and faster gut transit times correlating with distinct microbiome profiles and lower diversity. Using machine learning techniques, dietary intake can be predicted by the gut microbiome composition. Participants can learn about the study, their diet and their microbiome here
(https://manichanh.vhir.org/POP/;username:reviewers;password:reviewers)
Conclusion
Adherence to national dietary guidelines, particularly the Mediterranean diet, enhances gut microbial diversity. Personal, lifestyle, and geographic factors significantly influence dietary quality, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The study suggests that improving dietary patterns positively impacts the gut microbiome and overall health in Spain.
Evaluating parental perception and confidence managing obesity-related behaviors among children with severe early-onset obesity
Authors: Sisley Stephanie , Morales Julia , Gonzalez Mayver , Elatrash Citrine , Alfonso Claudia Soler 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Severe early-onset obesity, defined as a BMI exceeding 120% of the 95th percentile before age 5, often involves hyperphagia, characterized by insatiable hunger and shortened satiety duration. Treatment generally requires caregivers to adjust their child's diet and exercise, but research on caregiver confidence in managing these changes is limited. This study aims to assess: 1) caregivers' confidence in addressing obesity-related behaviors in children with severe early-onset obesity and 2) differences in lifestyle behaviors between children with and without impaired satiety at a specialized clinic.
Methods
Caregivers from a specialized pediatric obesity clinic completed the Lifestyle Behavior Checklist (LBC), a 25-question tool evaluating their perceptions and confidence in managing obesity-related behaviors. Diagnoses of hyperphagia or impaired satiety were based on clinical ascertainment of at least three abnormal eating behaviors across multiple settings. Data were analyzed using averages, standard deviations, and non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests to compare responses between caregivers of children with and without impaired satiety.
Results
Caregivers felt least confident managing four of the five most problematic behaviors. They identified excessive eating, requesting extra portions, and unhealthy snacking as the top 3 problematic behaviors. Conversely, the least problematic behaviors included complaints about appearance, lack of friends, and food hiding. Parents were most confident addressing food-related yelling, excessive screen time, and food hiding. However, they exhibited the least confidence in managing excessive eating, eating quickly, and unhealthy snacking. Parents rated 16 behaviors as more problematic in children with impaired satiety compared to those without, and their caregivers reported significantly lower overall confidence.
Conclusion
Participants showed reduced confidence in managing the most challenging behaviors related to severe early-onset obesity. These challenging behaviors often involve controlling food intake. Therefore, alongside providing information on lifestyle changes, there is a need to enhance caregivers' ability to manage food-related behaviors, especially for children with impaired satiety.
Heterogeneous subtypes of intrinsic capacity in middle-aged and older patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: a latent class analysis
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Jiang Yueying , Xu Qunyan , Chen Dandan , Tang Panpan , Wang Xueqing , Guo Yunyu , Liu Chang , Feng Xiuqin , Tang Leiwen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We aims to explore the associated factors of intrinsic capacity (IC) levels and subtypes in middle-aged and older patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), the short physical performance battery test (SPPB), and the mini-nutritional assessment short form (MNA-SF) were utilized for assessing IC domains. Both aural and visual were self-reported. The study employed latent class analysis (LCA) to investigate the diverse IC subtypes. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the impact factors of IC levels as well as IC subtypes. We found that 318 middle-aged and older patients who had undergone PCI completed the assessments. Logistic regression results indicated that age, gender, occupation, comorbidity index (CCI), chronic disease resource utilization, multiple coronary artery lesions, and hs-CRP are implicit factors of IC levels. The findings of LCA suggested that three heterogeneous IC subtypes were identified: 47.8% poor audition-vision group (class 1), 38% high cognition-psychology group (class 2), 14.2% low locomotion-vitality group (class 3). Education, exercise frequency, cardiac function, drinking, NT proBNP, and cTnI could affect the IC subtype classification. In conclusion, the determinants of IC levels in middle-aged and older adults after PCI still require more empirical investigation. For targeted intervention, the examination of IC subtypes may bring benefits.
Distinct microbiome composition and reduced interactions in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kim Bomi , Oh Sujin , Yang Soomin , Ahn Jinwoo , Jung Kwangrok , Lee Jong-Chan , Hwang Jin-Hyeok , Shin Cheol Min , Lee Hyo-Jung , Lee Hye Seung , Kim Jaihwan , Park Kyoung Un 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The results of microbiome composition in patients with malignancy have been inconsistent across studies and are affected by various factors. This study aimed to identify microbiome composition of saliva, feces, and blood in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Results
Overall, 31 patients with pancreatic cancer and 24 healthy controls were sex- and age-matched. Microbiome analysis of saliva, fecal, and blood samples was conducted using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Baseline characteristics were comparable between patients and controls. Saliva showed insignificant difference in alpha diversity (p = 0.42), whereas feces and blood exhibited a significant difference in Shannon’s index (feces: 6.19 vs. 6.52, p = 0.013; blood: 8.00 vs. 7.49, p < 0.001) between patients and controls. Beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences between saliva, fecal, and blood samples (p = 0.014, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Distinct microbiome compositions were identified in patients, with higher abundance of Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, and Prevotella in saliva, fecal, and blood samples, respectively. Based on microbial network analysis, patients with pancreatic cancer showed lower clustering coefficient (71% vs. 99%) and higher average path length (1.67 vs. 0.68) than healthy controls, suggesting a more compact network and stronger microbial interactions in healthy controls.
Conclusions
This study identified a distinctive microbiome in patients with pancreatic cancer, indicating the presence of Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, and Prevotella. A less condensed and robust microbial interaction network was observed in blood samples of patients with pancreatic cancer. These findings provide a basis for research on the connection between the microbiome and pancreatic cancer.
The Information Processing Flexibility of Individuals with Obsessive- Compulsive Tendency: An Event-related Potentials Study
Authors: Xiaocui Miao , Hui Cheng , Xiaojuan Cheng , Haiyan Xiao , Rong Wang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common clinical psychological disease. A large number of studies have shown that OCD patients have cognitive dysfunction, mainly in attention, decision-making, information processing, and so on. Previous studies of OCD information processing focus on processing ways, but studies of its flexibility are limited. As information processing flexibility is a component of executive function and OCD patients have a deficiency in executive function, information processing flexibility could indirectly reflect that OCD patients may be insufficient in information processing flexibility. Hence, we must explore its characteristics in flexible information processing.
Methods
To eliminate the effects of other comorbid factors, we use the Padua Inventory to screen high obsessive-compulsive tendency (HOC) and low obsessive-compulsive tendency (LOC) individuals as the research object university students. The final sample includes 16 HOC and 15 LOC participants. To make the experiment more in line with ecological validity, the study used a single probability-adjusted Flanker task (i.e., a cue of 20%, 50%, and 80% probability was given before each trial)， combined with an ERP study to investigate information processing flexibility and its corresponding brain mechanisms in individuals with obsessive-compulsive tendencies.
Results
(1)In the stage of cue presentation, there were no significant differences in P2 (150-250) among individuals with HOC under the three cue probability conditions, but there were significant differences among those with LOC. In the stage of stimulus presentation, there were no significant differences in N2 (100-200) and N3 (250-300) components among individuals with HOC under the three cues, while there were significant differences among those with LOC, and the amplitudes under 80% probability conditions were greater than those under 20% probability conditions; (2)The N2 amplitude of individuals with LOC under effective cues was significantly greater than that under ineffective cues, while there was no significant differences among individuals with HOC.
Conclusion
Individuals with HOC were less responsive to situational changes and had defects in information processing flexibility, while individuals with LOC were more flexible in information processing, which was manifested in both the cue presentation stage and the stimulus response stage;Individuals with HOC were not easily affected by cues and less strategic in regulating and controlling information processing.
Opioid use increases the risk of sarcopenia in elderly patients and is associated with inflammatory responses
Authors: Meng Guose , Lu Junda , Tang Bing , Liang Feiyuan , Han Jian , Cheng Jianwen , Wei Donglei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Sarcopenia is an aging-related disease that seriously affects the health of patients. Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. Previous studies have shown a potential link between the use of opioids and non-opioid drugs and sarcopenia, but the causal relationship and related target mechanisms are still unclear. There was an interaction between gender and Poverty Income Ratio in patients with sarcopenia who had long-term opioid use and those who had not used opioids based on NHANES data. By combining Mendelian randomization analysis and network pharmacology analysis, we evaluated the positive causal effect of long-term use of non-opioids in patients with sarcopenia and identified 2 important potential drug targets IL-6 and IGF1R related to sarcopenia.
Unlocking Success: Community Engagement for Enhanced HIV Care Outcomes
Authors: Wiehe Sarah E. , Nelson Tammie L. , Hawryluk Bridget , Andres Unai Miguel , Aalsma Matthew C. , Rosenman Marc B. , Butler Michael S. , Harris Michelle , Moore Kem , Scott C. Dana , Gharbi Sami , Parks Lisa , Lynch Dustin , Silverman Ross D. , Fortenberry J. Dennis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Though social determinants are the primary drivers of health, few studies of people living with HIV (PLWH) focus on non‐clinical correlates of insecure and/or fragmented connections with the care system. Our team has used linked clinical and multisector non‐clinical data to study how residential mobility and connection to social services influence the HIV care continuum. We engage a diverse group of invested patients and community members to guide and inform this research. Our objective is to generate stakeholder-informed, research-based interventions that are relevant to the community, and to share our engagement approach and findings so that other researchers can do the same.
Methods: Our research team partnered with the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute’s Research Jam, to develop and implement a human‐centered design research plan to engage with individuals with lived experience relevant to our research. We recruited a panel composed of PLWH as well as clinicians and individuals from agencies that provide medical and non-medical services to PLWH in Marion County, Indiana. We used a variety of human-centered design tools and activities to engage individuals during six sessions, with results informing our engagement and research activities.
Results: Since the inception of the project, 48 individuals have joined the stakeholder panel. Thirty-five are actively engaged and have participated in one or more of the six sessions conducted to date. The panel helped guide and prioritize analyses, aided in identification of data missing from our ecosystem, helped interpret results, provided feedback on future interventions, and co-presented with us at a local health equity conference.
Conclusions: We utilized community engagement to expand the scope of our research and found that the process provided value to both stakeholders and research team members. Human-centered design enhanced this partnership by keeping it person-centered, developing empathy and trust, increasing stakeholder retention, and empowering stakeholders to collaborate meaningfully with the research team. The use of these methods is essential to conducting relevant, impactful, and sustainable research. We anticipate that these methods will be important for academic and public health researchers wishing to engage with and integrate the ideas of community stakeholders.
Occult Liver Nodules: their Detection and Characterization with CEUS
Authors: Qiao Andee , Samuel Anna S , Merrill Christina , Brahmania Mayur , Wilson Stephanie R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) now joins the ranks of CT and MRI for noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CEUS LI-RADS provides greater than 95% specificity for diagnosis within LR-5. Unlike CT/MRI, CEUS is nodule based. Currently, LI-RADS does not recommend CEUS of nodules occult or invisible on pre-contrast ultrasound except by experts. This study addresses our ability to find occult nodules using CEUS and characterize them with CEUS LI-RADS.
Methods
100 patients at risk for HCC, 81 with cirrhosis, with occult lesions were retrospectively identified from our archived patient logs. All patients had CEUS examination. Three specialized CEUS techniques (blindshot injection, portal venous (PVP) sweep of the liver, and on-top injection) are used to evaluate nodules.
Results
There were 114 occult lesions in 100 patients. The origin of 78(68%) lesions was an MRI (n = 69) or CT scan (n = 9) with an observation of abnormal enhancement, generally arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE). All these patients had blindshot CEUS injection looking for a correlate with APHE. The remainder of occult lesions (n = 36)(32%) were first detected during CEUS, generally as washout foci on PVP sweeps or incidental APHE or washout nearby other targets. All washout areas had subsequent on-top injection to assess for APHE. Application of CEUS LI-RADS algorithm categorized 26 LR-5, 34 LR-4, and 5 LR-M. CEUS upgraded LI-RADS category of 24/50(48%) occult lesions reported on CT/MRI. 29(25%) occult lesions were offered treatment and from categories LR-5 and LR-M, 5 had biopsy confirmation and 15 were treated. From both sources, MR/CT and CEUS, there were 12 occult lesions scanned for treatment response, categorized as 7 LR-TR viable, 1 LR-TR nonviable, and 4 LR-TR equivocal on CEUS.
Conclusion
Our study shows we can find and characterize occult nodules using CEUS techniques and CEUS LI-RADS algorithm, with positive impact on clinical management.
Global burden and trend of substance use disorders, self-harm, and interpersonal violence from 1990 to 2021, with projection to 2040
Authors: An Jia , Wang Qiang , Bai Zihao , Du Xueying , Yu Di , Mo Xuming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUD), drug use disorders (DUD), interpersonal violence, and self-harm are a major public health concern globally, with high rates of disability, morbidity, and mortality associated with this. To estimate the burden, trends, forecasts, and disparities of AUD, DUD, interpersonal violence, and self-harm among all ages and sexes from 1990 to 2021.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 in 204 countries and territories. The incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), projection, and the inequality were estimated for AUD, DUD, interpersonal violence, and self-harm among all age and sex.
Finding: In 2021, there were 55.78 million new cases of AUD, 13.61 million new cases of DUD, 29.40 million new cases of interpersonal violence, 5.49 million new cases of self-harm globally, while in 2040 will be 51.98 million of AUD, 13.81 million of DUD, 36.01 million of interpersonal violence, and 10.55 million of self-harm. The burden of age standardized rates of incidence, mortality, and DALYs for AUD, DUD, interpersonal violence, and self-harm were higher in male than in female across all ages. Meanwhile, ages 15-49 have the highest burden of DUD, interpersonal violence, and self-harm, and ages 50-74 have the highest burden of AUD. We also found that 68.45% of attributable deaths due to self-harm and interpersonal violence were related to AUD, and 11.11% related to DUD based on GBD 2021 results. Between 1990 and 2021, both the slope index of inequality and relative concentration index decreased for AUD and interpersonal violence, and increased for DUD and self-harm.
Interpretation: Multilevel interventions should be initiated to prevent disease burden related to DUD, interpersonal violence, and self-harm among individuals ages 15-49, and the burden of disease related to AUD among individuals ages 50-75, especially among male. Policy for the management of alcohol and drug use can also simultaneously reduce the social burden of interpersonal violence and self-harm.