bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Community Divided: Hydraulic Fracturing in Rural Appalachia
Authors: Morrone Michele , Chadwick Amy E. , Kruse Natalie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAs hydraulic fracturing (fracking) continues to expand in the United States, research is focusing on identifying environmental and human health impacts of the process. Environmental and public health are critical components of community health, but sociological impacts of fracking are important as well, especially because fracking is controversial. This article contributes to understanding the potential social impacts of fracking in one rural community in Appalachia, which is a hub of fracking activity in the United States. A mixed-methods approach was used, including interviews and a mail survey. Results indicate differences in perceptions of fracking that are related to sense of community, community attachment, and perceived social cohesion. The results suggest that unconventional natural gas extraction has the potential to fracture more than just shale; it may fracture communities as well.
The Conceptualization of Self-Identity among Residents of Appalachia Ohio
Authors: Krok-Schoen Jessica L. , Palmer-Wackerly Angela L. , Dailey Phokeng M. , Krieger Janice L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSocial identity and its association to culture, place, and health is an important, but understudied, area of research. One social group that illustrates this connection between place and identity is people living in Appalachia. This exploratory mixed-method study investigates the appropriateness of the self-concept of Ohio Appalachian adults with cancer as "Appalachian," the context associated with that identity and its association with community identification, rural identity, Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) status, demographic data, and clinical trial (CT) enrollment. Forty-nine adults with cancer residing in Appalachia were recruited. Participants were cancer patients who (1) were offered a randomized clinical cancer trial; and (2) lived in or were treated in one of the thirty-two rural Appalachian counties in Ohio. Forty-seven percent of participants identified themselves as Appalachian and were reluctant to self-identify as Appalachian because of negative stereotypes or uncertainty about the term. Furthermore, many participants endorsed their residence within Appalachia but not their own identity. Future studies should utilize a culturally grounded approach and community-based methodology to explore how residents of Appalachian communities define their community and self-identification in order to improve health in the region.
"The language of elms . . . a song unmatched": Dementia and Rootedness in Charles Dodd White’s A Shelter of Others
Authors: Holmes Thomas Alan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In the latter stages of dementia, Sam Laws, a principle character of Charles Dodd White’s A Shelter of Others (2014b), attempts to reorient himself in his bonds with estranged son Mason, daughter-in-law Lavada, and the natural world around him. Set primarily on the border of a national park, the novel explores the experience of being lost within close-knit relationships. With his recent release from prison on drug charges, Mason feels reluctant to return home, concerned about his failure as a husband and a son, despite his affection for his family. In her capacity as caregiver, Lavada suffers with the burden of preserving a home for these men. In his illness, Sam attempts to re-integrate himself with the forest, engaging in a conscious challenge to restore an order he believes confirmed by voices in the natural world. Sam’s internal monologue, at times illuminating his actions while at other times offering scant explanation for his disorientation, illustrates his sense of being lost while detailing missed opportunities to find his way home. In this conflict between Sam’s dementia and the layers of community regulation, White invites readers to weigh which voices provide the most nurturing shelter.
Aménager la cité : conflit et négociation pour la création de jardins citoyens à Bordeaux et à Québec
Authors: Montero Sarah 
Published: January 2016

L’étude de deux jardins à Bordeaux et à Québec, créés à l’initiative d’habitants, nous renseigne sur la capacité de ces derniers à s’emparer d’enjeux urbains complexes et témoigne d’une tension entre deux conceptions aménagistes : l’une fonctionnelle et économique, l’autre transversale et sensible. Dans une approche comparative, l’analyse de l’action et du processus de négociation montre que les protagonistes qui ont choisi d’entrer dans le jeu du débat public sont parvenus à faire aboutir la demande sociale alors que la « critique artiste » est demeurée à la marge de la décision publique. Toutefois, les deux situations témoignent de la capacité des habitants à penser autrement l’aménagement de la ville et de la nécessité pour ces derniers de s’organiser pour reprendre les « clés de la ville ».
Simulation of discharge in insulating gas from initial partial discharge to growth of a stepped leader using the percolation model
Authors: Sasaki Akira , Kato Susumu , Takahashii Eiichi , Kishimoto Yasuaki , Fujii Takashi , Kanazawa Seiji 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We show a cell simulation of a discharge in an insulating gas from the initial partial discharge to leader inception until breakdown, based on the percolation model. In the model, we consider that the propagation of the leader occurs when connections between randomly produced ionized regions in the discharge medium are established. To determine the distribution of ionized regions, the state of each simulation cell is decided by evaluating the probability of ionization in SF6, which depends on the local electric field. The electric field as well as the discharge current are calculated by solving circuit equations for the network of simulation cells. Both calculations are coupled to each other and the temporal evolution of discharge is self-consistently calculated. The model dependence of the features of the discharge is investigated. It is found that taking the suppression of attachment in the presence of a discharge current into account, the calculation reproduces the behavior of experimental discharges. It is shown that for a strong electric field, the inception of a stepped leader causes immediate breakdown. For an electric field of 30–50% of the critical field, the initial partial discharge persists for a stochastic time lag and then the propagation of a leader takes place. As the strength of the electric field decreases, the time lag increases rapidly and eventually only a partial discharge with a short arrested leader occurs, as observed in experiments.
High-pressure synthesis and superconducting properties of Sr2(Ca1−
xSrx)Cu2Oy (x = 0–0.75)
Authors: Shinoda Satoshi , Aoba Tomoya , Suzuki Tsuneo , Nakayama Tadachika , Suematsu Hisayuki , Niihara Koichi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Novel Sr2(Ca1−

x
Sr
x
)Cu2O
y
samples of various x values were successfully synthesized at a pressure of 5.5 GPa at 850–1150 °C using a high-pressure apparatus. The synthesized samples have a body-centered tetragonal unit cell similar to other Sr2Ca
n

−1Cu
n
O
y
phases. The c-axis length increased linearly from 20.63(8) to 20.78(7) Å with increasing measured composition x (x = 0–0.75). The superconducting transition temperature T
c decreased from 105 to 95 K with increasing measured composition x (x = 0–0.75). In addition, the volume fraction of the superconducting phase improved with increasing measured composition x.
Improvement in reliability of amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide thin-film transistors with Teflon/SiO2 bilayer passivation under gate bias stress
Authors: Fan Ching-Lin , Tseng Fan-Ping , Li Bo-Jyun , Lin Yu-Zuo , Wang Shea-Jue , Lee Win-Der , Huang Bohr-Ran 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The reliability of amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with Teflon/SiO2 bilayer passivation prepared under positive and negative gate bias stresses (PGBS and NGBS, respectively) was investigated. Heavier electrical degradation was observed under PGBS than under NGBS, indicating that the environmental effects under PGBS are more evident than those under NGBS. The device with bilayer passivation under PGBS shows two-step degradation. The positive threshold voltage shifts during the initial stressing period (before 500 s), owing to the charges trapped in the gate insulator or at the gate insulator/a-IGZO active layer interface. The negative threshold voltage shift accompanies the increase in subthreshold swing (SS) for the continuous stressing period (after 500 s) owing to H2O molecules from ambience diffused within the a-IGZO TFTs. It is believed that Teflon/SiO2 bilayer passivation can effectively improve the reliability of the a-IGZO TFTs without passivation even though the devices are stressed under gate bias.
Shape-controlled CH3NH3PbI3 nanoparticles for planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells
Authors: Shahiduzzaman Md. , Yamamoto Kohei , Furumoto Yoshikazu , Kuwabara Takayuki , Takahashi Kohshin , Taima Tetsuya 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) are potential candidates for thin-film photovoltaics because of their excellent cost- and energy-efficient light absorption. In this work, we have prepared CH3NH3PbI3 nanoparticles (NPs) on the TiO
x
/ITO glass substrates by a simple spin-coating method to control the size and shape of NPs. The effect of varying the weight percentage (wt %) of ionic liquid (IL) has also been investigated. Analysis of the films revealed spherical NP morphology in the presence of 1, 3, and 7 wt % IL with respective diameters of 540, 350, and 600 nm. Conversely, 10 wt % IL resulted in irregular aggregation of NP blocks. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) changed upon varying the NP size, shape, and morphology. The optimization of the concentration with 3 wt % IL yielded NPs with the most uniform shape, size, and morphology and, consequently, the maximum PCE.
Quantifying the overall added value of dynamical downscaling and the contribution from different spatial scales
Authors: Di Luca Alejandro , Argüeso Daniel , Evans Jason P. , de Elía Ramón , Laprise René 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study evaluates the added value in the representation of surface climate variables from an ensemble of regional climate model (RCM) simulations by comparing the relative skill of the RCM simulations and their driving data over a wide range of RCM experimental setups and climate statistics. The methodology is specifically designed to compare results across different variables and metrics, and it incorporates a rigorous approach to separate the added value occurring at different spatial scales. Results show that the RCMs' added value strongly depends on the type of driving data, the climate variable, and the region of interest but depends rather weakly on the choice of the statistical measure, the season, and the RCM physical configuration. Decomposing climate statistics according to different spatial scales shows that improvements are coming from the small scales when considering the representation of spatial patterns, but from the large‐scale contribution in the case of absolute values. Our results also show that a large part of the added value can be attained using some simple postprocessing methods.
Opportunities for Western Food Products in China: The Case of Orange Juice Demand
Authors: Chen Xuqi , Gao Zhifeng , House Lisa , Ge Jiaoju , Zong Chengfeng , Gmitter Fred 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTChina's ever increasing demand for agricultural products provides new opportunities for both domestic and foreign food companies. With Western‐style products becoming increasingly popular across China, more information is needed to better evaluate the future market opportunities of different juice products. In this regard, we investigate Chinese consumer perception, knowledge, and willingness‐to‐pay for different types of orange juice products. Results show that Chinese consumers have limited knowledge of juice products, especially for Western‐style juices. Although consumers are willing to pay more for products with higher juice content, 10% orange juice drink will probably continue to dominate the orange juice product market in China unless there is a significant drop in the price of 100% not from concentrate orange juice. Consumers with better knowledge of juice products, females, and those with higher income are more likely to be willing to pay more for 100% not from concentrate orange juice. [EconLit citations: C34, D12, M31].
Interpretation of fluorescence correlation spectra of biopolymer solutions
Authors: Phillies George D. J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTFluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is regularly used to study diffusion in non‐dilute “crowded” biopolymer solutions, including the interior of living cells. For fluorophores in dilute solution, the relationship between the FCS spectrum G(t) and the diffusion coefficient D is well‐established. However, the dilute‐solution relationship between G(t) and D has sometimes been used to interpret FCS spectra of fluorophores in non‐dilute solutions. Unfortunately, the relationship used to interpret FCS spectra in dilute solutions relies on an assumption that is not always correct in non‐dilute solutions. This paper obtains the correct form for interpreting FCS spectra of non‐dilute solutions, writing G(t) in terms of the statistical properties of the fluorophore motions. Approaches for applying this form are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 260–266, 2016.
CD68+ cell count, early evaluation with PET and plasma TARC levels predict response in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Cuccaro Annarosa , Annunziata Salvatore , Cupelli Elisa , Martini Maurizio , Calcagni Maria L. , Rufini Vittoria , Giachelia Manuela , Bartolomei Francesca , Galli Eugenio , D'Alò Francesco , Voso Maria T. , Leone Giuseppe , Giordano Alessandro , Larocca Luigi M. , Hohaus Stefan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEarly response evaluation with [18F]fluordeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography after 2 cycles of chemotherapy (interim PET) has been indicated as the strongest predictor for outcome in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). We studied the prognostic role of the number of tumor‐infiltrating CD68+ cells and of the plasma levels of TARC (thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine) in the context of interim PET in 102 patients with classical HL treated with Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine (ABVD). After 2 ABVD cycles, interim PET according to Deauville criteria was negative (score 0–3) in 85 patients and positive (score 4–5) in 15 patients (2 patients technically not evaluable). TARC levels were elevated in 89% of patients at diagnosis, and decreased after 2 cycles in 82% of patients. Persistently elevated TARC levels in 18% of patients were significantly associated with a positive PET result (P = 0.007). Strong predictors for progression‐free survival (PFS) were a negative interim PET (85% vs. 28%, P < 0.0001) and CD68+ cell counts <5% (89% vs. 67%, P = 0.006), while TARC levels at diagnosis and at interim evaluation had no prognostic role. In multivariate analysis, interim PET, CD68+ cell counts and presence of B‐symptoms were independently associated with PFS. We conclude that although TARC levels are a biomarker for early response evaluation, they cannot substitute for interim PET as outcome predictor in HL. The evaluation of CD68 counts and B‐symptoms at diagnosis may help to identify low‐risk patients regardless positive interim PET.
Eco‐friendly Energy Storage System: Seawater and Ionic Liquid Electrolyte
Authors: Kim Jae‐Kwang , Mueller Franziska , Kim Hyojin , Jeong Sangsik , Park Jeong‐Sun , Passerini Stefano , Kim Youngsik 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover are the groups of Youngsik Kim at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) and Stefano Passerini at the Helmholtz Institute Ulm (KIT‐HIU). The image illustrates a novel energy storage system based on an open seawater cathode and a sealed Sn–C anode in contact with an ionic liquid‐based electrolyte and a NASICON solid electrolyte. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201501328.
Phytoremediation of a Nitrogen‐Contaminated Desert Soil by Native Shrubs and Microbial Processes
Authors: Glenn Edward P. , Jordan Fiona , Waugh W. Joseph 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe combined phytoremediation and soil microbial nitrification and denitrification cycles to reduce nitrate and ammonium levels at a former uranium mill site near Monument Valley, Arizona. Ammonia used in uraxnium extraction was present throughout the soil profile. Sulfate, applied as sulfuric acid to solubilize uranium, was also present in the soil. These contaminants were leaching from a denuded area where a tailings pile had been removed and were migrating away from the site in groundwater. We planted the source area with two deep‐rooted native shrubs, Atriplex cansescens and Sarcobatus vermiculatus, and irrigated transplants for 11 years at 20% the rate of potential evapotranspiration to stimulate growth, then discontinued irrigation for 4 years. Over 15 years, total nitrogen levels dropped 82%, from 347 to 64 mg kg−1. Analysis of δ15N supported our hypothesis that coupled microbial nitrification and denitrification processes were responsible for the loss of N. Soil sulfate levels changed little; however, evapotranspiration reduced sulfate leaching into the aquifer. For arid sites where traditional pump‐and‐treat methods are problematic, the Monument Valley data suggest that alternatives that incorporate native plants and rely on vadose zone biogeochemistry and hydrology could be a sustainable remediation for nitrogen contaminated soil. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controllable femtosecond laser‐induced dewetting for plasmonic applications
Authors: Makarov Sergey V. , Milichko Valentin A. , Mukhin Ivan S. , Shishkin Ivan I. , Zuev Dmitry A. , Mozharov Alexey M. , Krasnok Alexander E. , Belov Pavel A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDewetting of thin metal films is one of the most widespread method for functional plasmonic nanostructures fabrication. However, simple thermal‐induced dewetting does not allow to control degree of nanostructures order without additional lithographic process steps. Here we propose a novel method for lithography‐free and large‐scale fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures via controllable femtosecond laser‐induced dewetting. The method is based on femtosecond laser surface pattering of a thin film followed by a nanoscale hydrodynamical instability, which is found to be very controllable under specific irradiation conditions. We achieve control over degree of nanostructures order by changing laser irradiation parametrs and film thickness. This allowed us to exploit the method for the broad range of applications: resonant light absorbtion and scattering, sensing, and potential improving of thin‐film solar cells.
image
What Do We Really Need? Goals and Values, Security, and the Perception of Consumer Necessity
Authors: Norris J. Ian , Williams Chloe E. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThere is a general trend for consumer goods considered luxuries to become thought of as necessities. Although the luxury/necessity distinction is central to the fields of marketing and economics, little research has examined the perception of necessity as a psychological phenomenon. Three studies examined the relationship of the perceived necessity of a variety of consumer goods to goals, values, and insecurity. In Study 1, the number of goods considered necessities as opposed to luxuries correlated negatively with intrinsic and positively with extrinsic goal pursuit. In Study 2, this pattern generalized to the distinction between needs and wants, the extent to which participants reported needing their possessions, and to materialistic values. In Study 3, the perception of necessity mediated the relationship between anxious attachment and materialism, suggesting that needing consumer products has in part a basis in interpersonal insecurity. In turn, it may facilitate materialistic consumption.
Identification and antimicrobial resistance prevalence of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains from treated wastewater effluents in Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Adefisoye Martins A. , Okoh Anthony I. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem impeding the effective prevention/treatment of an ever‐growing array of infections caused by pathogens; a huge challenge threatening the achievements of modern medicine. In this paper, we report the occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Escherichia coli strains isolated from discharged final effluents of two wastewater treatment facilities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Standard disk diffusion method was employed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of 223 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐confirmed E. coli isolates against 17 common antibiotics in human therapy and veterinary medicine. Seven virulence associated and fourteen antibiotic resistance genes were also evaluated by molecular methods. Molecular characterization revealed five pathotypes of E. coli in the following proportions: enterotoxigenic ETEC (1.4%), enteropathogenic EPEC (7.6%), enteroaggregative EAEC (7.6%), neonatal meningitis (NMEC) (14.8%), uropathogenic (41.7%), and others (26.9%). Isolates showed varying (1.7–70.6%) degrees of resistance to 15 of the test antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was exhibited by 32.7% of the isolates, with the commonest multiple antibiotic‐resistant phenotype (MARP) being AP‐T‐CFX (12 isolates), while multiple antibiotic‐resistant indices (MARI) estimated are 0.23 (Site 1) and 0.24 (Site 2). Associated antibiotic resistance genes detected in the isolates include: strA (88.2%), aadA (52.9%), cat I (15%), cmlA1 (4.6%), blaTEM (56.4%), tetA (30.4%), tetB (28.4%), tetC (42.2%), tetD (50%), tetK (11.8%), and tetM (68.6%). We conclude that municipal wastewater effluents are important reservoirs for the dissemination of potentially pathogenic E. coli (and possibly other pathogens) and antibiotic resistance genes in the aquatic milieu of the Eastern Cape and a risk to public health.
A framework for creating low‐order shell elements free of membrane locking
Authors: Quaglino A. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThis paper proposes a first step towards a framework to develop shell elements applicable to any deformation regime. Here, we apply it to the large and moderate deformations of, respectively, plates and shells, showing with standard benchmarks that the resulting low‐order discretization is competitive against the best elements for either membrane‐dominated or bending‐dominated scenarios. Additionally, we propose a new test for measuring membrane locking, which highlights the mesh‐independence properties of our element. Our strategy is based on building a discrete model that mimics the smooth behavior by construction, rather than discretizing a smooth energy. The proposed framework consists of two steps: (i) defining a discrete kinematics by means of constraints and (ii) formulating an energy that vanishes on such a constraint manifold. We achieve (i) by considering each triangle as a tensegrity structure, constructed to be unstretchable but bendable isometrically (in a discrete sense). We then present a choice for (ii) based on assuming a linear strain field on each triangle, using tools from differential geometry for coupling the discrete membrane energy with our locking‐free kinematic description. We argue that such a locking‐free element is only a member of a new family that can be created using our framework (i) and (ii). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.