bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of STI education on Korean adolescents using smartphone applications
Authors: Jeong Sookyung , Cha Chiyoung , Lee Jacob 
Published: October 2017

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of adolescents’ use of smartphone applications and educational booklets in an educational programme about sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Design: Non-equivalent control-group time-series design. Setting: The study was conducted in two public high schools located in two urban areas of South Korea. Methods: The following measures were developed using Roger’s protection-motivation theory as the study’s conceptual framework: STI knowledge, STI vulnerability, STI prevention self-efficacy and STI prevention intentions. Data from 88 senior students were analysed: 47 students in the smartphone application group (experimental) and 41 in the educational booklet group (control). The procedures consisted of a face-to-face lecture plus self-study and a period of self-study only. Participants were tested at three time points: pre-test, post-test 1 (immediately after the programme’s completion) and post-test 2 (5 weeks after the programme’s completion). Results: Significant group differences were found at different times in STI knowledge, vulnerability, prevention self-efficacy and prevention intentions. Smartphone applications were more effective in sustaining the effects of the educational programme than the educational booklets. Conclusion: Researchers and educators should examine the role of relevant learning materials in the promotion of adolescents’ development of self-study skills and their knowledge acquisition.
Shared decision-making for psychiatric medication: A mixed-methods evaluation of a UK training programme for service users and clinicians
Authors: Ramon Shulamit , Morant Nicola , Stead Ute , Perry Ben 
Published: October 2017

Background: Shared decision making (SDM) is recognised as a promising strategy to enhance good collaboration between clinicians and service users, yet it is not practised regularly in mental health. Aims: Develop and evaluate a novel training programme to enhance SDM in psychiatric medication management for service users, psychiatrists and care co-ordinators. Methods: The training programme design was informed by existing literature and local stakeholders consultations. Parallel group-based training programmes on SDM process were delivered to community mental health service users and providers. Evaluation consisted of quantitative measures at baseline and 12-month follow-up, post-programme participant feedback and qualitative interviews. Results: Training was provided to 47 service users, 35 care-coordinators and 12 psychiatrists. Participant feedback was generally positive. Statistically significant changes in service users’ decisional conflict and perceptions of practitioners’ interactional style in promoting SDM occurred at the follow-up. Qualitative data suggested positive impacts on service users’ and care co-ordinators confidence to explore medication experience, and group-based training was valued. Conclusions: The programme was generally acceptable to service users and practitioners. This indicates the value of conducting a larger study and exploring application for non-medical decisions.
Stigmatization towards the mentally ill: Perceptions of psychiatrists, pre-clinical and post-clinical rotation medical students
Authors: Eksteen Hendri-Charl , Becker Piet J , Lippi Gian 
Published: October 2017

Background: Stigma towards the mentally ill is a well-known phenomenon and it is not restricted to certain communities or countries. Stigma, be it self-stigma or public stigma, has a major influence in mental health care. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether stigmatizing attitudes towards the mentally ill differ according to the level of knowledge about psychiatric illnesses and whether the level of exposure towards the mentally ill plays a role in stigmatizing attitudes. Method: This study was carried out by assessing psychiatrists ( n = 68), pre-clinical ( n = 194) and post-clinical ( n = 354) medical students’ attitudes towards the mentally ill using the Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes (MICA) scale. The scale is scored on a Likert scale with higher scores indicating higher levels of stigmatization. Results: Participants in the three groups had statistical significant different levels of stigma with a decline in scores as you are more exposed to psychiatry. Familiarity with mental illness was associated with less stigma. Participants who had friends or family members who suffered from mental illness or they themselves suffered from a mental illness had less stigma. Conclusion: More exposure to mental health–related issues are needed not only in communities but also in medical schools. Medical students need to be targeted for educational intervention because they are the future doctors who might pursue psychiatry as their field of choice. Stigma against psychiatry as a medical profession should also be addressed. If psychiatry is to be respected as a medical profession, mental illness–related stigma interventions need to be put in place to raise awareness about the negative impact of stigma.
Safety and effectiveness of transarterial embolization for splenic artery hemorrhage in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy
Authors: Han Kichang , Kim Man-Deuk , Diffley Michael , Kwon Joon Ho , Kim Gyoung Min , Choi Woosun , Kim Yong Seek , Lee Junhyung , Won Jong Yun , Lee Do Yun 
Published: October 2017

Background Perigastric lymph nodes are dissected during gastrectomy, potentially resulting in life-threatening postoperative bleeding. Purpose To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of transarterial embolization (TAE) for bleeding from the splenic artery in patients who underwent gastrectomy. Material and Methods Between January 2004 and December 2016, 14,523 patients underwent gastrectomy at our institution, and ten patients (nine men; mean age = 64.7 years; age range = 51–80 years) underwent TAE for postoperative bleeding from the splenic artery. The location of bleeding was classified as either: (i) the main splenic artery (MSA) or (ii) the parenchymal splenic artery (PSA). The clinical outcomes of TAE were explored. Results Bleeding occurred at a median of 13.5 days (range = 4–34 days) after gastrectomy. The onset of bleeding was late in all patients and clinically manifested as abdominal bleeding in seven patients and luminal bleeding in three patients. Technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 70%, respectively. The three major complications occurred only in patients with MSA bleeding, resulting in two 30-day mortality cases and one splenic abscess with fistula formation to the jejunum. The causes of death were infarctions in the spleen and/or remnant stomach and sepsis. Conclusion TAE seems to be effective in stabilizing patients with bleeding from the splenic artery. Moreover, TAE with curative intent may be performed for bleeding from the PSA; however, further resection of the remnant stomach and/or spleen seems to be required to avoid sepsis and mortality in case of bleeding from the MSA.
Adolescents’ Market Segmentation: Using CSI as a Tool
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Singh Janmejay 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of this article: The study aims to examine the adolescents’ decision-making style and shopping orientation using consumer style inventory (CSI) as a segmentation tool. It proposes that adolescents’ decision-making styles are quite different from the adult consumers. Here, the researchers develop a typology that is based on the dimensions of CSI and its ability to predict the homogeneous cluster. Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on the clustering of adolescents on the basis of their decision-making styles. The study was carried out in India. A sample of 215 students has been taken. Factor analysis, cluster analysis which is followed by discriminant analysis, has been used in the study. Findings: The article provides a significant segmentation of adolescents’ market on the basis of their decision-making style. And at last in this article, we conclude that the adolescents have different decision-making styles than the adult consumers. Six out of eight dimensions of the Sproles and Kendall (1986) are relevant to the Indian adolescents. On the basis of these traits/styles, the adolescents are grouped into three different clusters, which are homogeneous and identifiable in nature. Originality/value: This article fulfils an identified need to study about the adolescents and how they have been clustered into different segments. The CSI is used as segmentation tool. This is the first study to segment the Indian adolescents market on the basis of their decision-making styles.
Neutropenia Associated with Cefotaxime
Authors: Ohsawa Tomoji , Furukawa Fumitaka 
Published: October 2017

Neutropenia is rarely associated with cephalosporins. We report a case of neutropenia associated with cefotaxime. A seven-year-old boy was admitted to the Chidoribashi Hospital with suspected septicemia. Cefotaxime 2 g/d was started. On day 18, neutropenia associated with cefotaxime was suspected. On day 22, the patient was transferred to Fukuoka Children's Hospital because of continuing neutropenia and eosinophilia. In Fukuoka Children's Hospital, bone marrow puncture revealed severe bone marrow depression. After one month, the patient was discharged. When we considered case reports of granulocytopenia, leukopenia, and agranulocytosis associated with cephalosporins, we found two types of leukopenia. One is the granulocytopenic type and the other is the neutropenic type. In diagnosing leukopenia due to cephalosporins, an increased percentage of eosinophils in white-blood-cell analysis is significant.
Legal Implications of Diagnosis-Related Groups
Authors: Brooten Kenneth E. 
Published: October 2017

The legal ramifications of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) on the health-care system in general and on pharmacists in particular are undetermined. As pharmacists continue to play an increasing role in therapeutic decisions, their exposure to malpractice suits will continue to rise. Pharmacists' liability in medical malpractice actually began prior to the introduction of DRGs, with the adoption by many states of “generic substitute” laws. Situations that can lead to judgments against pharmacists are reviewed. The majority rule of joint and several liability is explained. The conclusion that “DRGs are not a legal defense” is underscored by a dramatic presentation of a hypothetical court case.
The Theory and Practice of Retrograde Infusion: Influence of Tube Diameter on Drug Delivery
Authors: Gauger Laura J. , Cary John D. 
Published: October 2017

This work identifies a model for the flow dynamics of retrograde drug infusion, thereby helping to clarify the influence of variables on drug dilution in the apparatus and hence drug infusion rate. The study is a 23factorial design that focuses on the influence of tube diameter (0.065 vs. 0.120 inches) in conjunction with changes in injected drug volume (2.0 vs. 5.0 ml) and iv flow rate (2.0 vs. 10.0 ml h−1).Each of the three variables was shown to exert a statistically significant (p = 0.01) effect on the total volume of fluid necessary to clear a dose from the retrograde apparatus. In all cases studied, smaller diameter tubes, larger injected drug volumes, and slower iv flow rates decreased the total volume fraction (F0.95).Within the confines of the study, practitioners may use an F0 95value of 1.5 to predict the time at which a patient's retrograde drug infusion is likely to be complete. This, in turn, may be used to facilitate proper timing of blood sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring as well as other pharmacokinetic manipulations.
A Review of Alprazolam Withdrawal
Authors: Browne Jerry L. , Hauge Kathy J. 
Published: October 2017

A cumulative review of case reports in the literature describing withdrawal reactions secondary to alprazolam is presented. In four of eight reports, the primary withdrawal manifestations were grand mal seizures. One case was characterized by painful myoclonus. In the remaining three cases, the major complications consisted of rebound anxiety with psychotic features. Despite tapering of the daily dosage according to manufacturer guidelines, a withdrawal syndrome was precipitated in three of the cases. As a result of alprazolam's atypical pharmacodynamic profile, the issue is raised as to whether alprazolam is pharmacologically cross-tolerant with other benzodiazepines.
No Protection against DSS-induced Colitis by Short-term Pretreatment with Seal or Fish Oils in Rats
Authors: Arslan Gülen , Erichsen Kari , Milde Anne Marita , Helgeland Lars , Bjørkkjær Tormod , Frøyland Livar , Berstad Arnold 
Published: October 2017

Background Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have modulating effects in several chronic inflammatory conditions. The aim of the present study was to test whether prior short-term dietary supplementation with n-3 (fish or seal oil) or n-6 (soy oil) PUFA rich oils would protect the development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: no intervention, sham, DSS, seal oil + DSS, fish oil + DSS and soy oil + DSS. Following 7 days of acclimatisation, 1 mL oil (seal, fish or soy) or distilled water (sham) was administered by gavage day 8 to 14. Colitis was induced by 5% DSS in drinking water from day 15 to 21. Rats were sacrificed on day 23. Histological colitis (crypt and inflammation) scores, faecal granulocyte marker protein (GMP) and quantitative fatty acid composition in red blood cells were measured. Results Pretreatment with fish or seal oils did not significantly influence DSS induced inflammation. In fact, all the oils tended to exacerbate the inflammation. Soy oil increased the mean crypt score ( P < 0.04), but not the inflammation score or GMP. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids (FAs) was 11 to 1 and 10 to 1 in standard diet and in red blood cells of control rats, respectively. Following administration of DSS, the ratio fell in all treatment groups ( P < 0.001). The lowest ratios were seen in the groups receiving DSS + fish or seal oils (around 6 to 1). Conclusion Short-term pretreatment with fish or seal oils did not protect against subsequent induction of colitis by DSS in this rat model. Whether the high ratio of n-6 to n-3 FAs in the standard diet concealed effects of n-3 FA supplementation should be further investigated.
A Belated Submission to the Select Committee on the Future of Public Interest Journalism
Authors: Vine Josie 
Published: October 2017

Submissions to this year’s Select Committee on the Future of Public Interest Journalism pointed out that journalism tertiary education—students under the guidance of experienced and well-respected journalism practitioners—is in a position to help revive investigative and civic journalism. As Edith Cowan’s Kayt Davies (2014) pointed out as far back as 2014, public interest journalism practised in tertiary journalism programmes could potentially be funded through bodies such as the Australian Research Council (ARC) and the research grants system. Such revenue sources not only transcend the business model but also exist at a relatively acceptable arm’s length from the government. However, research—journalism or otherwise—is ineligible for ARC funding without academic research ethics committee approval. Unfortunately, the process of applying for approval from a committee, whose terms of reference are guided by an academy-approved, government-developed document (i.e., the National Statement), is so offensive to journalistic ideology that it renders the whole concept of public interest journalism in the university sector untenable. This essay examines the National Statement and draws similarities between its values and beliefs and professional journalism ideology (as articulated by the Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance (MEAA), the Australian Press Council, the Dart Centre for Journalism and Trauma and the Hunter Institute for Mental Health). It then explores inbuilt flexibilities in the National Statement that offer journalism as a research methodology, a means of maintaining its independence. It then finishes with an updated survey of how journalism programmes around Australia negotiate the conflict between academic research ethics and professional ideology while engaging in practice-based research. In short, this essay explores options for the revival of public interest journalism that are acceptable to both academy and journalism sensibilities.
Quality of life in patients with implantable cardioverter–defibrillator: systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: da Silva Katia Regina , Costa Roberto , Rodrigues Clarissa Garcia , Schasechter Andi , Nobre Moacyr Cuce , Passman Rod , Mark Daniel B 
Published: October 2017

Background:Implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) therapy significantly improves the survival of patients who are at high risk for sudden cardiac death. However, it is unclear whether this survival is accompanied by impairment on quality of life (QoL).Objectives:This systematic review sought to describe whether ICD therapy, as compared with standard treatment, can have an impact on QoL outcomes.Methods:Extensive literature searches were carried out in PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS and Cochrane Library. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ICD versus medical therapy that reported valid and reliable measures of QoL. Included studies were reviewed to determine baseline patient characteristics, mean duration of follow-up, questionnaires used to assess QoL and association between QoL scores and ICD shock therapy.Results:Seven studies, enrolling a total of 5,701 patients, were included in this review. The analyzed trials showed conflicting results about the impact of ICD on QoL outcomes. Among the secondary prevention studies, CIDS reported a clear benefit from ICD and AVID showed no difference between ICD and amiodarone groups. Of the primary prevention trials, AMIOVIRT, MADIT II, DEFINITE, and SCD-HeFT found no evidence of impaired QoL in patients with an ICD. Evidence for an association between ICD shocks and QoL was mixed and seemed to depend on the interval between shocks and QoL assessment.Conclusion:There was no evidence of impaired QoL in patients with an ICD. However, ICD patients must be educated of all possible risks and benefits, including transitory declines in QoL after ICD shocks.
Microcirculatory disturbances and cellular changes during progression of hepatic steatosis to liver tumors
Authors: Liebig Marie , Hassanzada Alireza , Kämmerling Malte , Genz Berit , Vollmar Brigitte , Abshagen Kerstin 
Published: October 2017

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is closely associated with metabolic syndrome and comprises a pathological spectrum of liver disease ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis and can progress to fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In 2013, a mouse model was described that mimics non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression from steatohepatitis to tumors in a short time span and with high incidence. As microcirculatory disturbances play a crucial role in liver disease, the suitability of the steatosis-inflammation-tumor model for microcirculatory studies was assessed. Herein, we present a comprehensive view on morphological, microvascular, cellular, and functional aspects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression in the steatosis-inflammation-tumor model using intravital microscopy, biochemical, and histological techniques. Mice develop steatohepatitis, mild fibrosis, and liver tumors at ages of 6, 12, and 20 weeks, respectively. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression was accompanied by several general aspects of disease severity like increasing liver/body weight index, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score, and hepatocellular apoptosis. Intravital microscopic analysis revealed significant changes in hepatic microcirculation with increasing structural alterations, elevated leukocyte adherence, and impaired nutritive perfusion. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was further characterized by a lower sinusoidal density with a striking rise at 20 weeks. The characteristic microcirculatory changes make the model a convenient tool for analysis of microcirculation during progression from steatosis to liver tumor. Impact statement Significant alterations of microcirculation contribute to progression of NAFLD, a chronic liver disease with increasing medical and socio-economic impact. Characterization of microcirculation in a NAFLD model reflecting all relevant stages of disease progression was still missing. Thus, we evaluated microcirculatory and cellular changes in a steatosis-inflammation-tumor model using in vivo microscopy. Analyses revealed increasing structural alterations, elevated leukocyte-endothelial interaction, and impaired nutritive perfusion. Thus, this model is suitable for further studies investigating therapeutic approaches targeting these progressive microcirculatory disturbances.
Measles virus envelope pseudotyped lentiviral vectors transduce quiescent human HSCs at an efficiency without precedent
Authors: Lévy Camille , Amirache Fouzia , Girard-Gagnepain Anais , Frecha Cecilia , Roman-Rodríguez Francisco J. , Bernadin Ornellie , Costa Caroline , Nègre Didier , Gutierrez-Guerrero Alejandra , Vranckx Lenard S. , Clerc Isabelle , Taylor Naomi , Thielecke Lars , Cornils Kerstin , Bueren Juan A. , Rio Paula , Gijsbers Rik , Cosset François-Loïc , Verhoeyen Els 
Published: October 2017

Key PointsH/F-LVs permit very-high-level transduction of human HSCs, even in the complete absence of cytokine stimulation. H/F-LVs outperform VSV-G-LVs for efficient correction of Fanconi anemia patient cells in unfractionated BM.
Accuracy of surface strain measurements from transmission electron microscopy images of nanoparticles
Authors: Madsen Jacob , Liu Pei , Wagner Jakob B. , Hansen Thomas W. , Schiøtz Jakob 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStrain analysis from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images offers a convenient tool for measuring strain in materials at the atomic scale. In this paper we present a theoretical study of the precision and accuracy of surface strain measurements directly from aberration-corrected HRTEM images. We examine the influence of defocus, crystal tilt and noise, and find that absolute errors of at least 1–2% strain should be expected. The model structures include surface relaxations determined using molecular dynamics, and we show that this is important for correctly evaluating the errors introduced by image aberrations.
A streaming multi-GPU implementation of image simulation algorithms for scanning transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Pryor Alan , Ophus Colin , Miao Jianwei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSimulation of atomic-resolution image formation in scanning transmission electron microscopy can require significant computation times using traditional methods. A recently developed method, termed plane-wave reciprocal-space interpolated scattering matrix (PRISM), demonstrates potential for significant acceleration of such simulations with negligible loss of accuracy. Here, we present a software package called Prismatic for parallelized simulation of image formation in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using both the PRISM and multislice methods. By distributing the workload between multiple CUDA-enabled GPUs and multicore processors, accelerations as high as 1000 × for PRISM and 15 × for multislice are achieved relative to traditional multislice implementations using a single 4-GPU machine. We demonstrate a potentially important application of Prismatic, using it to compute images for atomic electron tomography at sufficient speeds to include in the reconstruction pipeline. Prismatic is freely available both as an open-source CUDA/C++ package with a graphical user interface and as a Python package, PyPrismatic.