bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiplatelet regimens in the long-term secondary prevention of transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke: an updated network meta-analysis
Authors: Niu Peng-Peng , Guo Zhen-Ni , Jin Hang , Xing Ying-Qi , Yang Yi 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the comparative efficacy and safety of different antiplatelet regimens in patients with prior non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.DesignSystematic review and network meta-analysis.Data sourcesAs on 31 March 2015, all randomised controlled trials that investigated the effects of antiplatelet agents in the long-term (≥3 months) secondary prevention of non-cardioembolic transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke were searched and identified.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure of efficacy was serious vascular events (non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction and vascular death). The outcome measure of safety was any bleeding.ResultsA total of 36 randomised controlled trials (82 144 patients) were included. Network meta-analysis showed that cilostazol was significantly more effective than clopidogrel (OR 0.77, 95% credible interval 0.60–0.98) and low-dose (75–162 mg daily) aspirin (0.69, 0.55–0.86) in the prevention of serious vascular events. Aspirin (50 mg daily) plus dipyridamole (400 mg daily) and clopidogrel reduced the risk of serious vascular events compared with low-dose aspirin; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, low-dose aspirin was as effective as higher daily doses. Cilostazol was associated with a significantly lower bleeding risk than most of the other regimens. Moreover, aspirin plus clopidogrel was associated with significantly more haemorrhagic events than other regimens. Direct comparisons showed similar results as the network meta-analysis.ConclusionsCilostazol was significantly more effective than aspirin and clopidogrel alone in the long-term prevention of serious vascular events in patients with prior non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Cilostazol was associated with a significantly lower bleeding risk than low-dose aspirin (75–162 mg daily) and aspirin (50 mg daily) plus dipyridamole (400 mg daily). Low-dose aspirin was as effective as higher daily doses. However, further large, randomised, controlled, head-to-head trials are needed, especially in non-Asian ethnic groups.
Arrival by ambulance in acute heart failure: insights into the mode of presentation from Acute Studies of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure (ASCEND-HF)
Authors: Ezekowitz Justin A , Podder Mohua , Hernandez Adrian F , Armstrong Paul W , Starling Randall C , O'Connor Christopher M , Califf Robert M 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesLimited data exist assessing the relationship between ambulance versus self-presentation and outcomes in patients with acute heart failure (AHF).SettingClinical trial sites in North America.Participants1068 patients enrolled in the Acute Studies of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure (ASCEND-HF) trial.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe association between ambulance use and dyspnoea improvement, 30-day mortality or HF rehospitalisation and 180-day mortality.ResultsOf the 1068 patients in the substudy, 832 (78%) self-presented (SP) and 236 (22%) patients presented via ambulance. Patients presenting via ambulance were older, more likely to be female, have a higher ejection fraction but similar natriuretic peptide levels as patients who SP. Patients presenting by ambulance (compared with SP) trended towards more dyspnoea improvement at 6 (p=0.09) and 24 h (p=0.10). The co-primary end point (30-day mortality or HF rehospitalisation) was similar between groups (ambulance 12.2% vs SP 11.4%, p=0.74). Patients who presented by ambulance had a higher 30-day and 180-day mortality rate than those who SP (30-day: 4.3% vs 2.2%, p=0.08; 180-day: 15.1% vs 10.3%, p=0.04). After adjustment for baseline characteristics, patients arriving by ambulance (compared with SP) had a 2-fold high risk of 30-day mortality (OR 2.12, 95% CI 0.94 to 4.79), but no relationship to the composite of 30-day mortality/HF rehospitalisation (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.63).ConclusionsAmong patients with AHF, 30-day and 180-day mortality is 1.5–2 times higher for those with presenting via ambulance compared with patients who self-present. Understanding patient-related and system-related factors of ambulance use for patients with AHF is important.Trial registration numberNCT00475852.
On the Complexity of Concurrent Multiset Rewriting
Authors: Bertier Marin , Perrin Matthieu , Tedeschi Cédric 
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we are interested in the runtime complexity of programs based on multiset rewriting. The motivation behind this work is the study of the complexity of chemistry-inspired programming models, which recently regained momentum due to their adequacy to large autonomous systems. In these models, data are most of the time left unstructured in a container, formally, a multiset. The program to be applied to this multiset is specified as a set of conditioned rules rewriting the multiset. At run time, these rewrite operations are applied concurrently, until no rule can be applied anymore (the set of elements they need cannot be found in the multiset anymore). A limitation of these models stand in their complexity: each computation step may require a complexity in [Formula: see text] where n denotes the number of elements in the multiset, and k is the size of the subset of elements needed to trigger a given rule. By analogy with chemistry, such elements can be called reactants. In this paper, we explore the possibility of improving the complexity of searching reactants through a static analysis of the rules' condition. In particular, we give a characterisation of this complexity, by analogy to the subgraph isomorphism problem. Given a rule R, we define its rank rk(R) and its calibre C(R), allowing us to exhibit an algorithm with a complexity in [Formula: see text] for searching reactants, while showing that [Formula: see text] and that [Formula: see text] most of the time.
Thermal conductivity and diffusivity estimations for shallow geothermal systems
Authors: Busby Jon 
Published: March 2016

Horizontal closed-loop ground collectors for ground source heat pumps are located within the soil and the top of the underlying superficial deposits. Estimating thermal properties for this zone is difficult as it is heterogeneous and is subject to seasonal water content variations. Soil thermal diffusivity values have been calculated at 56 sites using temperature data from UK Met Office weather stations. The technique utilizes the decrease in amplitude and increase in phase shift with depth of a transmitted heat pulse in the ground, the magnitudes of which are determined by thermal diffusivity. The weather stations are located throughout Great Britain and incorporate different soil types. The apparent thermal diffusivities derived from seasonal temperature cycles spanning several years generate seasonally averaged site-specific estimates that can be considered alongside diffusivity values determined in the laboratory or obtained by point measurements using field needle probes. Associated thermal conductivities have been estimated from the thermal diffusivities from knowledge of soil texture. Median thermal conductivities for the sand, loam and clay soil types have been estimated as 1.56, 1.15 and 1.81 W m
−1
K
−1
respectively with corresponding thermal diffusivities of 0.9961 × 10
−6
, 0.7173 × 10
−6
and 1.0295 × 10
−6
m
2
s
−1
respectively.
ICER 2016 preview
Authors: Sheard Judy , Dorn Brian , Chinn Donald , Tenenburg Josh 
Published: March 2016

You are warmly invited to the twelfth annual ACM International Computing Education Research (ICER) conference which will be held in Melbourne, Australia, 9-11 September 2016. A Doctoral Consortium will be held prior to the conference on 8 September. Melbourne is a vibrant, multicultural city situated on the southern coast of Australia. The city is an interesting mix of old and new, with extensive parklands, shopping arcades and many historic attractions.
ICER provides a forum for presenting and publishing high-quality research in computing education. At ICER 2016 we will continue the traditional ICER single-track format which is designed to encourage authors and audience to engage in lively discussion about each work presented. We offer a range of submission categories that allow for different types of participation, supporting work at different levels ranging from formative work to a completed research study.
Cervical Cancer Stem Cells Selectively Overexpress HPV Oncoprotein E6 that Controls Stemness and Self-Renewal through Upregulation of HES1
Authors: Tyagi Abhishek , Vishnoi Kanchan , Mahata Sutapa , Verma Gaurav , Srivastava Yogesh , Masaldan Shashank , Roy Bal Gangadhar , Bharti Alok C. , Das Bhudev C. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Perturbation of keratinocyte differentiation by E6/E7 oncoproteins of high-risk human papillomaviruses that drive oncogenic transformation of cells in squamocolumnar junction of the uterine cervix may confer “stem-cell like” characteristics. However, the crosstalk between E6/E7 and stem cell signaling during cervical carcinogenesis is not well understood. We therefore examined the role of viral oncoproteins in stem cell signaling and maintenance of stemness in cervical cancer.
Experimental Design: Isolation and enrichment of cervical cancer stem–like cells (CaCxSLCs) was done from cervical primary tumors and cancer cell lines by novel sequential gating using a set of functional and phenotypic markers (ABCG2, CD49f, CD71, CD133) in defined conditioned media for assessing sphere formation and expression of self-renewal and stemness markers by FACS, confocal microscopy, and qRT-PCR. Differential expression level and DNA-binding activity of Notch1 and its downstream targets in CaCxSLCs as well as silencing of HPVE6/Hes1 by siRNA was evaluated by gel retardation assay, FACS, immunoblotting, and qRT-PCR followed by in silico and in vivo xenograft analysis.
Results: CaCxSLCs showed spheroid-forming ability, expressed self-renewal and stemness markers Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Lrig1, and CD133, and selectively overexpressed E6 and HES1 transcripts in both cervical primary tumors and cancer cell lines. The enriched CaCxSLCs were highly tumorigenic and did recapitulate primary tumor histology in nude mice. siRNA silencing of HPVE6 or Hes1 abolished sphere formation, downregulated AP-1-STAT3 signaling, and induced redifferentiation.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest the possible mechanism by which HPVE6 potentially regulate and maintain stem-like cancer cells through Hes1. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4170–84. ©2016 AACR.
Observationally and Genetically High YKL-40 and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in the General Population
Authors: Kjaergaard Alisa D. , Johansen Julia S. , Bojesen Stig E. , Nordestgaard Børge G. 
Published: March 2016

Objective—
High baseline YKL-40 is associated with later development of ischemic stroke, but not with myocardial infarction. Whether high YKL-40 levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism is presently unknown. We tested the hypothesis that observationally and genetically high YKL-40 is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism in the general population.

Approach and Results—

Cohort and Mendelian randomization studies in 96 110 individuals from the Danish general population, with measured plasma levels of YKL-40 (N=21 647) and
CHI3L1
rs4950928 genotype (N=94 579). From 1977 to 2013, 1489 individuals developed pulmonary embolism, 2647 developed deep vein thrombosis, and 3750 developed venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis). For the 91% to 100% versus 0% to 33% YKL-40 percentile category, the multifactorially adjusted hazard ratio was 2.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.25–4.55) for pulmonary embolism, 1.98 (1.09–3.59) for deep vein thrombosis, and 2.13 (1.35–3.35) for venous thromboembolism. Compared with rs4950928 GG homozygosity, presence of C-allele was associated with a doubling (CG) or tripling (CC) in YKL-40 levels, but not with risk of venous thromboembolism. A doubling in YKL-40 was associated with a multifactorially adjusted observational hazard ratio for pulmonary embolism of 1.17 (1.00–1.38) and a genetic odds ratio of 0.97 (0.76–1.23). Corresponding risk estimates were 1.28 (1.12–1.47) observationally and 1.11 (0.91–1.35) genetically for deep vein thrombosis and 1.23 (1.10–1.38) observationally and 1.08 (0.92–1.27) genetically for venous thromboembolism.

Conclusions—
High YKL-40 levels were associated with a 2-fold increased risk of venous thromboembolism, but the association was not causal.
Determining the Number of Ischemic Strokes Potentially Eligible for Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Chia Nicholas H. , Leyden James M. , Newbury Jonathan , Jannes Jim , Kleinig Timothy J. 
Published: March 2016

Background and Purpose—
Endovascular thrombectomy (ET) is standard-of-care for ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion, but estimates of potentially eligible patients from population-based studies have not been published. Such data are urgently needed to rationally plan hyperacute services. Retrospective analysis determined the incidence of ET-eligible ischemic strokes in a comprehensive population-based stroke study (Adelaide, Australia 2009–2010).

Methods—
Stroke patients were stratified via a prespecified eligibility algorithm derived from recent ET trials comprising stroke subtype, pathogenesis, severity, premorbid modified Rankin Score, presentation delay, large vessel occlusion, and target mismatch penumbra. Recognizing centers may interpret recent ET trials either loosely or rigidly; 2 eligibility algorithms were applied: restrictive (key criteria modified Rankin Scale score 0–1, presentation delay <3.5 hours, and target mismatch penumbra) and permissive (modified Rankin Scale score 0–3 and presentation delay <5 hours).

Results—
In a population of 148 027 people, 318 strokes occurred in the 1-year study period (crude attack rate 215 [192–240] per 100 000 person-years). The number of ischemic strokes eligible by restrictive criteria was 17/258 (7%; 95% confidence intervals 4%–10%) and by permissive criteria, an additional 16 were identified, total 33/258 (13%; 95% confidence intervals 9%–18%). Two of 17 patients (and 6/33 permissive patients) had thrombolysis contraindications. Using the restrictive algorithm, there were 11 (95% confidence intervals 4–18) potential ET cases per 100 000 person-years or 22 (95% confidence intervals 13–31) using the permissive algorithm.

Conclusions—
In this cohort, ≈7% of ischemic strokes were potentially eligible for ET (13% with permissive criteria). In similar populations, the permissive criteria predict that ≤22 strokes per 100 000 person-years may be eligible for ET.
Post-Hellenistic Philosophy, Neoplatonism, and the Doxastic Turn in Religion: Continuities and Ruptures in Ancient Reflections on Religion
Authors: Lankila Tuomo 
Published: March 2016

This article is inspired by Peter Van Nuffelen’s comparison between post-Hellenistic philosophy and Neoplatonism. The article defends the thesis of a fundamental break between ancient religions and new universal religions which became prevalent at the end of late antiquity. This break concerns not only fundamental doctrines but also the principles of how religious communities were constituted. There was a shift from the world of practice-oriented and reciprocally recognizing cults to the world of exclusive theocracies whose mindset emphasizes doctrinal confession. Some seeds of such a “doxastic turn” are to be seen in the post-Hellenistic philosophy and especially in the dogmatic tendencies of Middle Platonism. Thus, there is an observable route from the post-Hellenistic thought towards late ancient universal religions.Neoplatonism’s role in this historical drama is not that of precursor but, rather, it represents a deviation from the main line.
Effects of regions of interest methods on apparent coefficient measurement of the parotid gland in early Sjögren’s syndrome at 3T MRI
Authors: Xu Xiaoquan , Su Guoyi , Hu Hao , Wang Yanyan , Hong Xunning , Shi Haibin , Wu Feiyun 
Published: March 2016

Background The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) has been used to assess parotid gland abnormalities in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) patients; however, few data exist on the influence of region of interest (ROI) methods on ADC measurements. Purpose To assess the influence of ROI methods on ADC measurement, and their diagnostic ability in detecting parotid gland abnormalities in early SS patients. Material and Methods Thirteen early SS patients underwent parotid gland diffusion-weighted imaging scans at a 3.0 T MR unit. Two readers independently measured the parotid gland ADC value using three different ROIs (whole-gland [WG], single-slice [SS], and reader-based circular [RBC]). The ADC value based on three different ROIs (ADC-ROIWG, ADC-ROISS, ADC-ROIRBC) were compared between the SS group and a matched healthy control (HC) group (n = 19). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to determine the diagnostic ability and reproducibility of the parameters. Results The ADC-ROIWG, ADC-ROISS, and ADC-ROIRBC in the SS group were all significantly higher than those in HC group (all P < 0.05). The ADC-ROIWG showed better diagnostic ability than did ADC-ROIRBC ( P = 0.0200), while no significant difference was found between ADC-ROIWG and ADC-ROISS ( P = 0.4636). The ROIWG method showed the best inter- and intra-reader agreement (ICC, 0.902 and 0.928, respectively), followed by ROISS and ROIRBC. Conclusion The ROI methods can influence the parotid gland ADC measurements and their diagnostic ability. Considering our results, we suggest using in clinical practice single-slice ROIs to measure the ADC of the parotid gland.
Inside-Out Versus All-Inside Repair of Isolated Meniscal Tears: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Fillingham Yale A. , Riboh Jonathan C. , Erickson Brandon J. , Bach Bernard R. , Yanke Adam B. 
Published: March 2016

Background: Meniscal tears are common in the young, active population. In this group of patients, repair is advised when possible. While inside-out repair remains the standard technique, recent advances in all-inside repair devices have led to a growth in their popularity. Previous reviews on the topic have focused on outdated implants of limited clinical relevance. Purpose: To determine the difference in failure rates, functional outcomes, and complications between inside-out and modern all-inside repairs. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic review was registered with PROSPERO and performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Inclusion criteria were (1) clinical study reporting on all-inside or inside-out repair, (2) evidence levels 1 to 4, and (3) use of modern all-inside implants for all-inside repairs. Exclusion criteria were (1) use of meniscal arrows or screws and (2) concomitant surgical procedures. Study characteristics, subjects, surgical technique, clinical outcomes, and complications were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 481 studies were screened and assessed for eligibility, which identified 27 studies for review. Studies defined clinical failure as persistent mechanical symptoms, effusion, or joint line tenderness, while anatomic failure was incomplete or no healing on MRI or second-look arthroscopy. There were no significant differences in clinical or anatomic failure rates between inside-out and all-inside repairs (clinical failure: 11% vs 10%, respectively, P = .58; anatomic failure: 13% vs 16%, respectively, P = .63). Mean ± SD Lysholm and Tegner scores for inside-out repair were 88.0 ± 3.5 and 5.3 ± 1.2, while the respective scores for all-inside repair were 90.4 ± 3.7 and 6.3 ± 1.3. Complications occurred at a rate of 5.1% for inside-out repairs and 4.6% for all-inside repairs. Conclusion: The quality of the evidence comparing inside-out and all-inside meniscal repair remains low, with a majority of the literature being evidence level 4 studies. In this review comparing modern all-inside devices with inside-out repair, no differences were seen in failure rates, functional outcome scores, or complication rates.
Lateral Acetabular Coverage Predicts the Size of the Hip Labrum
Authors: Garabekyan Tigran , Ashwell Zachary , Chadayammuri Vivek , Jesse Mary Kristen , Pascual-Garrido Cecilia , Petersen Brian , Mei-Dan Omer 
Published: March 2016

Background: Bony morphological abnormalities of the hip joint are often accompanied by adaptive soft tissue changes. These adaptive changes, if better understood and characterized, may serve to inform clinical decision making. Purpose: To investigate the correlation between the size of the hip labrum and lateral acetabular coverage in patients at our hip preservation clinic. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A cohort of 236 patients seen at a dedicated hip preservation service between June 2013 and June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped according to the degree of acetabular coverage, as measured by the lateral center-edge angle (LCEA): normal acetabular coverage (25°-39.9°), acetabular overcoverage (≥40°), borderline dysplasia (20°-24.9°), and frank dysplasia (<20°). Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging was utilized to measure the length of the labrum at 3 locations: laterally, anteriorly, and anteroinferiorly. Results: Frankly dysplastic and borderline dysplastic hips exhibited larger values of labral length at all locations when compared with hips with normal acetabular coverage ( P < .001) or acetabular overcoverage ( P < .001). Interestingly, mean labral length values in frank dysplasia were statistically similar to corresponding measurements in borderline dysplasia. In hips with frank dysplasia, borderline dysplasia, or normal acetabular coverage, labral length was consistently greatest at the lateral labrum and correspondingly lowest at the anteroinferior labrum ( P < .001). In hips with acetabular overcoverage, labral length did not vary significantly between the lateral, anterior, and anteroinferior locations. Multivariate analyses confirmed LCEA to be the strongest predictor of labral length, irrespective of measurement location. Conclusion: Patients with borderline dysplasia and frank dysplasia exhibited increased values of labral length in the weightbearing zone, potentially indicating a compensatory reaction to the lack of bony coverage. Labral length may serve as an instability marker and inform clinical decision making for patients with borderline dysplasia.