bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Analysis of Water Institutions and Their Performance: Implications for Water Resource Management
Authors: Apio Alfred Tunyire , Thiam Djiby Racine , Dinar Ariel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper uses meta-regression analysis to investigate the empirical literature on the performance of water institutions. This pioneering study synthesizes and quantifies the overall water institution-performance effect using data extracted from 23 original studies. A bivariate meta-regression and funnel asymmetric test are estimated and conducted, respectively, and for our multivariate meta-regressions (MMRs), four different fixed and random effects weighted least square models are estimated. Both bivariate and MMRs confirm the presence of a publication selection bias that favors the positive impact of water institutions on performance. Once this bias is corrected, evidence of a genuine empirical effect of water institutions on the performance is evident. Also, the variations in this literature are attributable to differences in the way these studies capture water institutions, the variables used to capture performance, and the estimation strategies, among others. Primary studies that use the water law, water policy, and/or some aspects of these to capture performance tend to report a greater impact of water institutions on performance. This paper contributes not only to improving the quality of research, reporting, review, and publication in the water space but also provides further insights for additional development, facilitation, and strengthening of water laws, policies, and administration to lower transaction costs in the water space.
Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants and Potential Inconsistencies with FDA-Approved Dosing for Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Retrospective Real-World Analysis Across Nine US Healthcare Systems
Authors: DeLor Bonnie , Glover Jon J. , Hartman Timothy J. , Manzey Laura L. , Ateya Mohammad , Kelsh Shelby , Taylor Katie , Zemrak Wesley R. , Gowen Jaclynne R. , Parks Ann , Gust Carmen , Medico Charles , Akpoji Ukwen C. , Naylor Shane , Chou Carolyn W. , Fakelmann Gregory , Hart Sara , Wiethorn Eryne E. , Trinh Thach , Wilson William W. , Bowen Rachel , Stanton Jennifer , Duvall Laura , Davis Lynette T. ,   for the D-DARE Consortium, Ansara Alexander , Child Ashley , Dettloff Richard W. , Haqu Saira Naim , Sarsam Saba , Somand Heather , Wadsworth Christina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are recommended to reduce risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). However, DOAC dosing inconsistent with FDA-approved product labels is common and associated with poor clinical outcomes.

Objectives
Identify DOAC dosing inconsistent with FDA-approved product labels in ambulatory care patients with NVAF; identify variables associated with dosing lower and higher than label.

Design
Retrospective analysis using electronic health records from nine US healthcare systems.

Patients
Adults with NVAF receiving DOAC therapy in 2022.

Main Measures
Rates of label-inconsistent dosing; multivariable regression analysis to identify demographic and clinical variables associated with dosing lower and higher than label.

Key Results
Among 51,128 NVAF patients (56.1% male, 94.3% White, mean [SD] age 73.5 [10.5] years), 5008 (9.8%) were prescribed label-inconsistent doses of DOACs (6.8% lower and 3.0% higher than label). Age ≥ 75 years, renal impairment, and hypertension were significantly associated with inconsistent dosing both higher and lower than label. Female sex and higher weight were significantly associated with dosing lower than label, as were heart failure, vascular or liver disease, and bleeding history. Dosing higher than label was significantly associated with male sex, race (African American/Black), weight < 60 kg, and use of drugs with potential drug-drug interactions. When prescribed by primary care physicians, DOAC doses were 37% (95% CI, 27–49%) more likely to be lower than label and 30% (95% CI, 16–46%) more likely to be higher than label than when prescribed by cardiologists or electrophysiologists. Label-inconsistent dosing varied (6.7 to 15.8%) across participating systems.

Conclusions
DOAC dosing inconsistent with label varied by demographics, clinical characteristics, prescriber specialty, and healthcare system, suggesting a need to monitor and assess dosing decisions in NVAF. Identification of variables associated with dosing inconsistencies may enable targeted interventions to ensure label-consistent dosing in vulnerable populations.
Feasibility study of opportunistic osteoporosis screening on chest CT using a multi-feature fusion DCNN model
Authors: Pan Jing , Lin Peng-cheng , Gong Shen-chu , Wang Ze , Cao Rui , Lv Yuan , Zhang Kun , Wang Lin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Summary

A multi-feature fusion DCNN model for automated evaluation of lumbar vertebrae L1 on chest combined with clinical information and radiomics permits estimation of volumetric bone mineral density for evaluation of osteoporosis.

Purpose
To develop a multi-feature deep learning model based on chest CT, combined with clinical information and radiomics to explore the feasibility in screening for osteoporosis based on estimation of volumetric bone mineral density.

Methods
The chest CT images of 1048 health check subjects were retrospectively collected as the master dataset, and the images of 637 subjects obtained from a different CT scanner were used for the external validation cohort. The subjects were divided into three categories according to the quantitative CT (QCT) examination, namely, normal group, osteopenia group, and osteoporosis group. Firstly, a deep learning–based segmentation model was constructed. Then, classification models were established and selected, and then, an optimal model to build bone density value prediction regression model was chosen.

Results
The DSC value was 0.951 ± 0.030 in the testing dataset and 0.947 ± 0.060 in the external validation cohort. The multi-feature fusion model based on the lumbar 1 vertebra had the best performance in the diagnosis. The area under the curve (AUC) of diagnosing normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis was 0.992, 0.973, and 0.989. The mean absolute errors (MAEs) of the bone density prediction regression model in the test set and external testing dataset are 8.20 mg/cm3 and 9.23 mg/cm3, respectively, and the root mean square errors (RMSEs) are 10.25 mg/cm3 and 11.91 mg/cm3, respectively. The R-squared values are 0.942 and 0.923, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients are 0.972 and 0.965.

Conclusion
The multi-feature fusion DCNN model based on only the lumbar 1 vertebrae and clinical variables can perform bone density three-classification diagnosis and estimate volumetric bone mineral density. If confirmed in independent populations, this automated opportunistic chest CT evaluation can help clinical screening of large-sample populations to identify subjects at high risk of osteoporotic fracture.
Patient Preferences Concerning Humanoid Features in Healthcare Robots
Authors: Gogoshin Dane Leigh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that patient preferences concerning human physical attributes associated with race, culture, and gender should be excluded from public healthcare robot design. On one hand, healthcare should be (objective, universal) needs oriented. On the other hand, patient well-being (the aim of healthcare) is, in concrete ways, tied to preferences, as is patient satisfaction (a core WHO value). The shift toward patient-centered healthcare places patient preferences into the spotlight. Accordingly, the design of healthcare technology cannot simply disregard patient preferences, even those which are potentially morally problematic. A method for handling these at the design level is thus imperative. By way of uncontroversial starting points, I argue that the priority of the public healthcare system is the fulfillment of patients’ therapeutic needs, among which certain potentially morally problematic preferences may be counted. There are further ethical considerations, however, which, taken together, suggest that the potential benefits of upholding these preferences are outweighed by the potential harms.
Women’s response regarding timing of genital surgery in congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Falhammar Henrik , Holmdahl Gundela , Nyström Helena Filipsson , Nordenström Anna , Hagenfeldt Kerstin , Nordenskjöld Agneta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To study what adult women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) thought about the timing of genital surgery.

Methods
As part of a larger follow-up study performed between the years 2002–2005 there were questionnaires concerning genital surgery, type of surgery, their thoughts about timing of genital surgery and experience of information about surgery. Early surgery was defined as ≤4 years of age and late ≥10 years. The medical and surgical files were reviewed.

Results
62 women with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, mean age 28 years (18–63) were included. The age at first genital surgery was 3 years (0–28 years) in the 52 patients (84%) who had had genital surgery, with 60% had early surgery (≤4 years) and 29% late (≥10 years). Almost half of the cohort had a positive experience of the information about surgery, a third had no opinion and a fifth had a negative experience. Of the women 39% thought that early surgery was good, while 19% thought it should be done during or after puberty and 42% had no opinion. Of those preferring early surgery 70% had early surgery themselves. Vaginal surgery was less common among those favoring early surgery. Age, phenotype, genotype, decade of surgery and experience of the information about surgery did not differ significantly between the three groups.

Conclusion
Equal numbers of women had no opinion regarding age at surgery or preferred early surgery while 19% thought it would be preferred to have surgery during or after puberty.
Traceology suggests an unexpected use of antler cheekpieces from the Early Iron Age site at Gzin, Poland
Authors: Gackowski Jacek , Osipowicz Grzegorz , Kowalski Łukasz , Chudziakowa Jadwiga , Sokół Albin , Brzozowska Michalina , Gaczorek Aleksandra Lisowska , Szostek Krzysztof , Kowalski Andrzej P. , Kukuczka Jacek , Kozicka Magdalena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArchaeological data confirm the widespread use of horse tack throughout the North European Bronze Age and the succeeding Hallstatt period in an inventory that included metal cheekpieces, phalerae, rein-knobs and other horse-related accessories. Similar usage has been assumed in the region of northern Poland, which has also furnished evidence for the use of horse gear accessories made of antler. This paper reports the results of traceological, isotopic and experimental research on three antler cheekpieces found at the Early Iron Age stronghold of Gzin in northern Poland and relates them further with archaeological and ethnographic patterns of horse exploitation. The results indicate that the artefacts from Gzin have rare comparanda and are isotopically consistent with the δ18Ow range of the site location, which can both be taken as evidence of their local origin. Moreover, traceological and experimental evidence from this study places the function and use of the analysed objects into a new light, undermining their use for horseback riding and suggesting that they were employed as cheekpiece coverings. Combined with the ethnographic record, ceramic iconography and archaeolinguistics, our findings fuel a discussion of deer valorisation during the Lusatian period in Poland, showing that the cheekpieces from Gzin may have served as elements of deer headgear.
2D nonlinear inversion of DC resistivity measurements, a case study; southeastern part of Ras El Dabaa, Northwestern coast, Egypt
Authors: Zarif Fardous , Barseem Mostafa , Elshenawy Ahmed , Ulugergerli Emin U 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe southern Mediterranean coast suffers from limited water resources as a result of exploitation of water supply, population growth, and climate change. Spatial lineaments and Seawater Intrusion (SWI) were detected at the southeast portion of Ras El Dabaa, on Egypt’s northwest coast, using the direct current resistivity (DCR) method. The Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data were acquired using Schlumberger array along four profiles and inverted both independently and jointly, aiming to obtain Two Dimensional (2D) geoelectrical images. The results of the one Dimensional (1D) inversion of VES data at each profile were stitched to form pseudo-2D sections on which the resistivity values and aquifer thickness in the southwest of the region appeared to be generally increasing, indicating a potential improvement in water quality.However, the results did not fully image the lateral variation but focused on the horizontal boundaries of the subsurface. On the contrary, the results of 2D inversion of the same data sets successfully managed to provide images that depicted resistivity distribution in both lateral and vertical directions. The detected sets of lineaments and fractured zones within the oolitic limestone and fossiliferous limestone units control the occurrence of groundwater in the region. The 2D inversion scheme revealed a low resistivity zone that indicated the presence of SWI and/or the dissolution of marine salts from the marine limestone bedrock of these aquifers in the northern portions of the studied area. Additionally, analysis of the 2D apparent porosity section shows how aquifers are connected by secondary porosity, which is defined by structures that resemble channels. The current approach offers valuable structural information for future planning and development of such complex geological coastal locations, taking into consideration the vulnerability of the groundwater system.
Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention Delivered by Mobile Phone on Perinatal-Specific Stress and Neonatal Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xie Weiyi , Wang Man , Ng Siuman , Lu Shuang , Yeung Albert , Chan Ka Po , Lo Herman Hay Ming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Whereas some women may perceive pregnancy as a welcome challenge and a source of satisfaction, self-development, and maturity, others may experience perinatal-specific stress (PSS). Emerging evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for perinatal women. Given the debate about the effects of MBIs on PSS reduction, as well as the limitations of existing studies, such as practical concerns and small sample sizes, the current study aimed to contribute further evidence by utilizing a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the effects of mobile-delivered MBIs on women’s PSS and neonatal outcomes, compared with outcomes from a mobile-delivered psychoeducation intervention.

Method
One hundred and seventy-eight adult pregnant women were randomized into two groups––one to receive a mobile-delivered eight-session MBI (n = 93) and the other to receive a web-based perinatal education program (n = 85). Outcomes included perinatal distress, mindfulness, and neonatal outcomes.

Results
Women in the MBI group showed a significantly greater reduction in their PSS levels from baseline to the follow-up-timepoint (T2) compared with the control group. The MBI group had a significant enhancement of mindfulness, and their newborns had higher Apgar scores compared with the control group. Mindfulness improvement levels after the intervention significantly mediated the intervention effect in reducing the participating women’s PSS levels.

Conclusions
With a reasonably high participation rate (approximately 75%), the MBI delivered by mobile phone can be a feasible, desirable, and efficacious intervention for reducing perinatal-specific stress throughout pregnancy and enhancing neonatal outcomes.
The intersection of Indian citizenship amendment act 2019 and religious persecution
Authors: Ananda D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive analysis of India’s Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) of 2019, focusing on its origins, objectives, and far-reaching consequences, particularly concerning its alignment with the constitutional principles of secularism and equality. The CAA facilitates the acquisition of Indian citizenship for persecuted religious minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, explicitly excluding Muslims. This has sparked national and international debate over its potential to undermine the secular fabric of the Indian Constitution, particularly concerning Article 14, which guarantees equality before the law. Through a legal and constitutional lens, the paper critically examines the broader implications of the CAA on religious minorities, its intersection with the National Register of Citizens (NRC), and concerns about statelessness. Drawing on scholarly critiques, it explores the Act’s impact on India’s inclusive identity, the potential marginalization of minority communities, and the socio-political challenges posed by its implementation. The paper advocates for re-evaluating citizenship laws to align with India’s democratic principles, ensuring social cohesion and protection of human rights.
Implementation of a Pedagogical Model of Ocean Citizenship: Students’ Perspective
Authors: Schio Caroline , Reis Pedro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article evaluates the implementation of the pedagogical model by Schio and Reis (2024), aimed at promoting ocean citizenship within basic education. The evaluation is based on a pilot project from the 2021/2022 school year, which involved 543 students, aged 10 to 11, from 10 Blue Schools located along the Portuguese coast. This paper reports on phases 3 and 4 of the Design-Based Research cycle, corresponding to the implementation and evaluation phases of the pedagogical model. Preliminary results allowed us to verify the emergence of new knowledge, skills, values, critical thinking and attitudes, reflecting the development of ocean citizenship competencies among students. These outcomes affirm the model’s applicability and its potential to seamlessly integrate ocean citizenship into the basic education curriculum. However, it was observed that the activism dimension requires additional emphasis. Further testing in diverse educational settings is crucial to refine the model, adjust to local nuances and maximise its impact on nurturing future generations committed to ocean sustainability.
L’interprétation d’une sainte trace
Authors: Sarzeaud Nicolas 
Published: October 2024

Si le Suaire de Turin est au cœur d’une controverse médiatique intense centrée sur la question de son authenticité, sa place dans la recherche historique académique est longtemps restée limitée. Il a surtout été l’objet d’une littérature parascientifique, la sindonologie, autoproclamée « science du linceul » qui a cherché à écrire une « préhistoire » de la relique avant son apparition dans la documentation, au xive siècle, mais s’est peu intéressée à la riche trajectoire de l’objet, passant du statut d’image, à Lirey, en Champagne, à celui de relique de la Passion, à Chambéry puis à Turin. Plusieurs travaux récents ont contribué à combler cette lacune. Parmi eux, une monographie d’Andrea Nicolotti, professeur à l’université de Turin, ambitionne à la fois de répondre aux théories fantaisistes qui entourent l’objet et de retracer sa longue histoire. Parmi les questions que cette longue histoire éclaire, celle de l’évolution des régimes de preuve : les linges funéraires, laissés dans le tombeau du Christ, sont traités par l’exégèse comme preuve de la résurrection, et le Suaire de Turin ajoute des indices visibles de la présence d’un corps. Du Moyen Âge à nos jours, le regard sur cette relique a été guidé par la volonté d’interpréter ces traces comme des preuves qui attestent l’histoire sainte, voire en documentent certains détails que les Évangiles ne décrivent pas. Elle met donc en lumière une généalogie ecclésiale, encore trop peu considérée, du paradigme de la preuve par la trace.
A high prevalence of antibiotic use at two large teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a point prevalence survey
Authors: Merga Kassa Haile , Getachew Edlawit Mesfin , Fujita Ayako Wendy , Abayneh Mahlet , Jacob Jesse T. , Ali Solomon , Melesse Hayat Oumer , Babiker Ahmed , Getachew Liya Sisay , Hailu Tsegaye , Mohammed Jemal , Solomon Bethelhem , Rebolledo Paulina A. , Abdissa Alemseged , Kempker Russell R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) renders many bacterial infections untreatable and results in substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding antibiotic use in clinical settings including hospitals is critical to optimize antibiotic use and prevent resistance.

Design:
Hospital antibiotic point prevalence survey (PPS).

Methods:
The study was conducted in two large, teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We performed two survey rounds in December 2021 and January 2022 through real-time chart review using the World Health Organization PPS methodology. Data were collected using a web-based database, and descriptive statistics were performed to analyze antibiotic use by various characteristics.

Results:
Among 1020 hospitalized patients, 318 (32%) were ≤14 years and 370 (36%) had surgery during the current hospitalization. A total of 662 (65%) were receiving an antibiotic on the day of survey and 346 (39%) were receiving ≥2 antibiotics. A community-acquired infection (43%) was the most common indication for an antibiotic followed by surgical prophylaxis (27%) and hospital-acquired infection (23%). Antibiotic use was highest among those ≤24 months in age and among patients in trauma, surgical, and pediatric wards. Cephalosporin (42%) and penicillin (16%) antibiotics were the most frequently prescribed classes. Only 11% of patients on antibiotics had samples collected for microbiological testing; hence, almost all antibiotic therapy was empiric.

Conclusions:
Despite global and national efforts to improve antimicrobial stewardship, antibiotic use remains high in urban teaching hospitals in Ethiopia. Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship activities and microbiology utilization are needed to guide antimicrobial selection and curtail antibiotic overuse.
Precision psychiatry needs causal inference
Authors: Bernstorff Martin , Jefsen Oskar Hougaard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Psychiatric research applies statistical methods that can be divided in two frameworks: causal inference and prediction. Recent proposals suggest a down-prioritisation of causal inference and argue that prediction paves the road to ‘precision psychiatry’ (i.e., individualised treatment). In this perspective, we critically appraise these proposals.

Methods:
We outline strengths and weaknesses of causal inference and prediction frameworks and describe the link between clinical decision-making and counterfactual predictions (i.e., causality). We describe three key causal structures that, if not handled correctly, may cause erroneous interpretations, and three pitfalls in prediction research.

Results:
Prediction and causal inference are both needed in psychiatric research and their relative importance is context-dependent. When individualised treatment decisions are needed, causal inference is necessary.

Conclusion:
This perspective defends the importance of causal inference for precision psychiatry.