bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Eutectic Solvents as Reaction Media for the Palladium‐Catalysed C−S Bond Formation: Scope and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Marset Xavier , Guillena Gabriela , Ramón Diego J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA unique jigsaw catalytic system based on deep eutectic solvents and palladium nanoparticles where C−S bonds are formed from aryl boronic acids and sodium metabisulfite, is introduced. The functionalization step is compatible with a broad spectrum of reagents such as nucleophiles, electrophiles or radical scavengers. This versatile approach allows the formation of different types of products in an environmentally friendly medium by selecting the components of the reaction, which engage one with another as pieces in a jigsaw. This simple procedure avoids the use of toxic volatile organic solvents allowing the formation of complex molecules in a one‐pot reaction under mild conditions. Despite the fact that only 1 mol % of metal loading is used, the recyclability of the catalytic system is possible. Kinetic experiments were performed and the reaction order for all reagents, catalyst and ligand was determined. The obtained results were compared to palladium nanocrystals of different known shapes in order to shed some light on the properties of the catalyst.
Defaunation and habitat disturbance interact synergistically to alter seedling recruitment
Authors: Granados Alys , Brodie Jedediah F. , Bernard Henry , O'Brien Michael J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractVertebrate granivores destroy plant seeds, but whether animal‐induced seed mortality alters plant recruitment varies with habitat context, seed traits, and among granivore species. An incomplete understanding of seed predation makes it difficult to predict how widespread extirpations of vertebrate granivores in tropical forests might affect tree communities, especially in the face of habitat disturbance. Many tropical forests are simultaneously affected by animal loss as well as habitat disturbance, but the consequences of each for forest regeneration are often studied separately or additively, and usually on a single plant demographic stage. The combined impacts of these threats could affect plant recruitment in ways that are not apparent when studied in isolation. We used wire cages to exclude large (elephants), medium, (sambar deer, bearded pigs, muntjac deer), and small (porcupines, chevrotains) ground‐dwelling mammalian granivores and herbivores in logged and unlogged forests in Malaysian Borneo. We assessed the interaction between habitat disturbance (selective logging) and experimental defaunation on seed survival, germination, and seedling establishment in five dominant dipterocarp tree species spanning a 21‐fold gradient in seed size. Granivore‐induced seed mortality was consistently higher in logged forest. Germination of unpredated seeds was reduced in logged forest and in the absence of small to large‐bodied mammals. Experimental defaunation increased germination and reduced seed removal but had little effect on seed survival. Seedling recruitment however, was more likely where logging and animal loss occurred together. The interacting effects of logging and hunting could therefore, actually increase seedling establishment, suggesting that the loss of mammals in disturbed forest could have important consequences for forest regeneration and composition.
Hyperthermia effect and antibacterial efficacy of Fe3+/Co2+ co‐substitutions in β‐Ca3(PO4)2 for bone cancer and defect therapy
Authors: Singh Ram Kishore , Srivastava M. , Prasad N. K. , Shetty P. H. , Kannan S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe combined effect of cobalt and iron substitutions in β‐Ca3(PO4)2 as a potent material for application in hyperthermia and as a bone substitute is presented. Structural analysis reveals the preferential accommodation of Co2+ and Fe3+ at the Ca2+(5) sites of β‐Ca3(PO4)2 until the limit of ∼10 mol % and, thereafter, prefer Ca2+(4) lattice sites. Occupancy of both the Co2+ and Fe3+ ions induces a significant contraction of the β‐Ca3(PO4)2 unit cell. The Co2+/Fe3+ co‐substitutions in β‐Ca3(PO4)2 display magnetic characteristics that enhances hyperthermia effect. In addition, the presence of Co2+ in β‐Ca3(PO4)2 enunciates pronounced antibacterial efficacy against tested microorganisms. Nevertheless, the enhanced level of Co2+ in β‐Ca3(PO4)2 results to induce significant toxicity. The biocompatibility of the synthesized thermoseeds is verified from the hemolytic tests and cytotoxicity test performed on human sarcoma cell line MG‐63. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1317–1328, 2018.
MRI reveals increased tumorigenesis following high fat feeding in a mouse model of triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Mustafi Devkumar , Fernandez Sully , Markiewicz Erica , Fan Xiaobing , Zamora Marta , Mueller Jeffrey , Brady Matthew J. , Conzen Suzanne D. , Karczmar Gregory S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHigh animal fat consumption is associated with an increase in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) risk. Based on previous MRI studies demonstrating the feasibility of detecting very early non‐palpable mammary cancers in simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40TAg) mice, we examined the effect of dietary fat fed from weaning to young adulthood in this model of TNBC. Virgin female C3(1)SV40TAg mice (n = 16) were weaned at 3–4 weeks of age and then fed either a low fat diet (LFD) (n = 8, 3.7 kcal/g; 17.2% kcal from vegetable oil) or a high animal fat diet (HAFD) (n = 8, 5.3 kcal/g; 60% kcal from lard). After 8 weeks on the diet (12 weeks of age), fast spin echo MR images of inguinal mammary glands were acquired at 9.4 T. Following in vivo MRI, mice were sacrificed and inguinal mammary glands were excised and formalin fixed for ex vivo MRI. 3D volume‐rendered MR images were then correlated with mammary gland histology to assess the glandular parenchyma and tumor burden. Using in vivo MRI, an average of 3.88 ± 1.03 tumors were detected per HAFD‐fed mouse compared with an average of 1.25 ± 1.16 per LFD‐fed mouse (p < 0.007). Additionally, the average tumor volume was significantly higher following HAFD feeding (0.53 ± 0.45 mm3) compared with LFD feeding (0.20 ± 0.08 mm3, p < 0.02). Analysis of ex vivo MR and histology images demonstrated that HAFD mouse mammary glands had denser parenchyma, irregular and enlarged ducts, dilated blood vessels, increased white adipose tissue, and increased tumor invasion. MRI and histological studies of the SV40TAg mice demonstrated that HAFD feeding also resulted in higher cancer incidence and larger mammary tumors. Unlike other imaging methods for assessing environmental effects on mammary cancer growth, MRI allows routine serial measurements and reliable detection of small cancers as well as accurate tumor volume measurements and assessment of the three‐dimensional distribution of tumors over time.
A self‐weakening mechanism for tropical cyclones
Authors: Corsaro Carlo M. , Toumi Ralf 
Published: June 2017

A mechanism leading to the self‐weakening of tropical cyclones is proposed using the Weather and Research and Forecasting model. A comparison between an experiment with variable Coriolis parameter f and one on an f‐plane shows that, after the initial intensification, the former is characterized by a smaller intensity. As opposed to the tropical cyclone on the f‐plane, the one with variable f weakens significantly after reaching maturity. Analyses of the 3D circulation show that the main reason for the weakening is dry intrusion in the mid‐upper troposphere from the west. Once the dry intrusion reaches the inner vortex, strong downdraughts reduce the high equivalent potential temperature in the boundary‐layer inflow. The subsequent updraughts in the eyewall, characterized by lower equivalent potential temperature, are considerably reduced and, consequently, the secondary circulation weakens.Back‐trajectories are used to determine the origin of the dry intrusion. It is found that the air parcels expelled from the storm deep convection into the outflow layer recirculate anticyclonically back into the vortex, causing a self‐weakening of the tropical cyclone. A time span for the recirculation of at least 48 h allows the air parcels to sink substantially before reaching the vortex circulation. Some implications of the intrinsic nature of this process are briefly discussed.
Estimating survival in the Apennine brown bear accounting for uncertainty in age classification
Authors: Gervasi Vincenzo , Boitani Luigi , Paetkau David , Posillico Mario , Randi Ettore , Ciucci Paolo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFor most rare and elusive species, estimating age‐specific survival is a challenging task, although it is an important requirement to understand the drivers of population dynamics, and to inform conservation actions. Apennine brown bears Ursus arctos marsicanus are a small, isolated population under a severe risk of extinction, for which the main demographic mechanisms underlying population dynamics are still unknown, and population trends have not been formally assessed. We present a 12‐year analysis of their survival rates using non‐invasive genetic sampling data collected through four different sampling techniques. By using multi‐event capture–recapture models, we estimated survival probabilities for two broadly defined age classes (cubs and older individuals), even though the age of the majority of sampled bears was unknown. We also applied the Pradel model to provide a preliminary assessment of population trend during the study period. Survival was different between cubs [ϕ = 0.51, 95% CI (0.22, 0.79)], adult males [ϕ = 0.85, 95% CI (0.76, 0.91)] and adult females [ϕ = 0.92, 95% CI (0.87, 0.95)], no temporal variation in survival emerged, suggesting that bear survival remained substantially stable throughout the study period. The Pradel analysis of population trend yielded an estimate of λ = 1.009 [SE = 0.018; 95% CI (0.974, 1.046)]. Our results indicate that, despite the status of full legal protection, the basically stable demography of this relict population is compatible with the observed lack of range expansion, and that a relatively high cub mortality could be among the main factors depressing recruitment and hence population growth.
Behavioural changes, sharing behaviour and psychological responses after receiving direct-to-consumer genetic test results: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Stewart Kelly F. J. , Wesselius Anke , Schreurs Maartje A. C. , Schols Annemie M. W. J. , Zeegers Maurice P. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
It has been hypothesised that direct-to-consumer genetic tests (DTC-GTs) could stimulate health behaviour change. However, genetic testing may also lead to anxiety and distress or unnecessarily burden the health care system. The aim is to review and meta-analyse the effects of DTC-GT on (1) behaviour change, (2) psychological response and (3) medical consumption. A systematic literature search was performed in three databases, using “direct-to-consumer genetic testing” as a key search term. Random effects meta-analyses were performed when at least two comparable outcomes were available. After selection, 19 articles were included involving 11 unique studies. Seven studies involved actual consumers who paid the retail price, whereas four included participants who received free genetic testing as part of a research trial (non-actual consumers). In meta-analysis, 23% had a positive lifestyle change. More specifically, improved dietary and exercise practices were both reported by 12%, whereas 19% quit smoking. Seven percent of participants had subsequent preventive checks. Thirty-three percent shared their results with any health care professional and 50% with family and/or friends. Sub-analyses show that behaviour change was more prevalent among non-actual consumers, whereas sharing was more prevalent among actual consumers. Results on psychological responses showed that anxiety, distress and worry were low or absent and that the effect faded with time. DTC-GT has potential to be effective as a health intervention, but the right audience needs to be addressed with tailored follow-up. Research is needed to identify consumers who do and do not change behaviour or experience adverse psychological responses.
Effect of dietary consumption as a modifier on the association between FTO gene variants and excess body weight in children from an admixed population in Brazil: the Social Changes, Asthma and Allergy in Latin America (SCAALA) cohort study
Authors: Vilella Marília , Nunes de Oliveira Costa Gustavo , Lima Barreto Maurício , Alexandrina Figueredo Camila , Maria Alcantara-Neves Neuza , Cunha Rodrigues Laura , Maria Alvim de Matos Sheila , Leovigildo Fiaccone Rosemeire , Oliveira Pablo , Rocha Aline , de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva Rita 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have shown associations of variants of the FTO gene with body weight, but none of these have involved Latin American populations with a high level of miscegenation, as is seen in the north-eastern Brazilian population. This study evaluated the association between SNP in the FTO gene and excess weight in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. In addition, the effect of diet as a modifier on this association was also investigated. This cross-sectional study included 1191 participants aged 4–11 years, who were genotyped for 400 variants of the FTO gene. Direct anthropometric measures were made and dietary data were obtained by 24-h food recall. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations of interest. Overall, 11·2 % of the individuals included in the study were overweight/obese. Interactions were identified between the percentage energy intake from proteins and obesity risk linked to the rs62048379 SNP (Pinteraction=0·01) and also between fat intake (PUFA:SFA ratio) and obesity risk linked to the rs62048379 SNP (Pinteraction=0·01). The T allele for the variant rs62048379 was positively associated with overweight/obesity in individuals whose percentage energy intake from protein was above the median (OR 2·00; 95 % CI 1·05, 3·82). The rs62048379 SNP was also associated with overweight/obesity in individuals whose PUFA:SFA ratio was below the median (OR 1·63; 95 % CI 1·05, 2·55). The association between FTO gene variants and excess body weight can be modulated by dietary characteristics, particularly by fatty acid distribution and dietary protein intake in children.
Helminth-induced apoptosis: a silent strategy for immunosuppression
Authors: ZAKERI AMIN 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYDuring microbial infections, both innate and adaptive immunity are activated. Viruses and bacteria usually induce an acute inflammation in the first setting of infection, which helps the eliciting an effective immune response. In contrast, macroparasites such as helminths are a highly successful group of invaders known to be capable of maintaining a chronic infestation with the minimum instigation. Undoubtedly, generating such an immunoregulatory environment requires the exploitation of various immunosuppressive mechanisms to debilitate host immunity supporting their survival and replication. Several mechanisms have been recognized whereby helminths prolong their infections including an increase of immunoregulatory cells, inhibition of Th1 or Th2 responses, targeting pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and lowering the immune cells quantity via induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis is a programmed intracellular process involving a series of consecutive downstream signalling event evolved to cell death. It plays a pivotal role in several immunological reactions in particular deletion of autoreactive immune cells. Helminth-triggered apoptosis in immune cells exhausts host immunity, which paves the way for generating a permissive environment and chronic infection. This review provides a compilation of recent investigations discussing the apoptotic mechanisms exploited by different worms and the immunological consequences of immune cell death. Finally, the anti-cancer effects of some worm-derived molecules due to their apoptotic effects are discussed, highlighting as potentially druggable candidates to combat cancer.
The role of genetic liability in the association of urbanicity at birth and during upbringing with schizophrenia in Denmark
Authors: Paksarian D. , Trabjerg B. B. , Merikangas K. R. , Mors O. , Børglum A. D. , Hougaard D. M. , McGrath J. J. , Pedersen C. B. , Mortensen P. B. , Agerbo E. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundStudies have indicated that the association of urbanicity at birth and during upbringing with schizophrenia may be driven by familial factors such as genetic liability. We used a population-based nested case–control study to assess whether polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia was associated with urbanicity at birth and at age 15, and to assess whether PRS and parental history of mental disorder together explained the association between urbanicity and schizophrenia.MethodsData were drawn from Danish population registries. Cases born since 1981 and diagnosed with schizophrenia between 1994 and 2009 were matched to controls with the same sex and birthdate (1549 pairs). Genome-wide data were obtained from the Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank and PRSs were calculated based on results of a separate, large meta-analysis.ResultsThose with higher PRS were more likely reside in the capital compared with rural areas at age 15 [odds ratio (OR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.40], but not at birth (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.95–1.26). Adjustment for PRS produced almost no change in relative risks of schizophrenia associated with urbanicity at birth, but slightly attenuated those for urban residence at age 15. Additional adjustment for parental history led to slight attenuation of relative risks for urbanicity at birth [incidence rate ratio (IRR) for birth in capital = 1.54, 95% CI 1.18–2.02; overallp= 0.016] and further attenuation of relative risks for urbanicity at age 15 (IRR for residence in capital = 1.32, 95% CI 0.97–1.78; overallp= 0.148).ConclusionsWhile results regarding urbanicity during upbringing were somewhat equivocal, genetic liability as measured here does not appear to explain the association between urbanicity at birth and schizophrenia.
Racial Differences in Neurocognitive Outcomes Post-Stroke: The Impact of Healthcare Variables
Authors: Johnson Neco X. , Marquine Maria J. , Flores Ilse , Umlauf Anya , Baum Carolyn M. , Wong Alex W.K. , Young Alexis C. , Manly Jennifer J. , Heinemann Allen W. , Magasi Susan , Heaton Robert K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectives:The present study examined differences in neurocognitive outcomes among non-Hispanic Black and White stroke survivors using the NIH Toolbox-Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB), and investigated the roles of healthcare variables in explaining racial differences in neurocognitive outcomes post-stroke.Methods:One-hundred seventy adults (91 Black; 79 White), who participated in a multisite study were included (age:M=56.4;SD=12.6; education:M=13.7;SD=2.5; 50% male; years post-stroke: 1–18; stroke type: 72% ischemic, 28% hemorrhagic). Neurocognitive function was assessed with the NIHTB-CB, using demographically corrected norms. Participants completed measures of socio-demographic characteristics, health literacy, and healthcare use and access. Stroke severity was assessed with the Modified Rankin Scale.Results:An independent samplesttest indicated Blacks showed more neurocognitive impairment (NIHTB-CB Fluid Composite T-score:M=37.63;SD=11.67) than Whites (Fluid T-score:M=42.59,SD=11.54;p=.006). This difference remained significant after adjusting for reading level (NIHTB-CB Oral Reading), and when stratified by stroke severity. Blacks also scored lower on health literacy, reported differences in insurance type, and reported decreased confidence in the doctors treating them. Multivariable models adjusting for reading level and injury severity showed that health literacy and insurance type were statistically significant predictors of the Fluid cognitive composite (p<.001 andp=.02, respectively) and significantly mediated racial differences on neurocognitive impairment.Conclusions:We replicated prior work showing that Blacks are at increased risk for poorer neurocognitive outcomes post-stroke than Whites. Health literacy and insurance type might be important modifiable factors influencing these differences. (JINS, 2017,23, 640–652)
The Archives of the International Law Association
Authors: Frendo Ruth 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper by Ruth Frendo, which is based on her presentation given at the training day on ‘Socio-Legal Sources and Methods in International Law’ which was held at IALS on 25 November 2016, provides an overview of the history and development of the International Law Association and gives an account of the archives of the organisation that are held at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies in London.
ILL-POSEDNESS FOR THE COMPRESSIBLE NAVIER–STOKES EQUATIONS WITH THE VELOCITY IN FRAMEWORK
Authors: Chen Jiecheng , Wan Renhui 
Published: June 2017

Ill-posedness for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations has been proved by Chenet al. [On the ill-posedness of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations in the critical Besov spaces,Revista Mat. Iberoam.31(2015), 1375–1402] in critical Besov space$L^{p}$$(p>6)$framework. In this paper, we prove ill-posedness with the initial data satisfying$$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle \Vert \unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{0}-\bar{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}}\Vert _{{\dot{B}}_{p,1}^{\frac{3}{p}}}\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF},\quad \Vert u_{0}\Vert _{{\dot{B}}_{6,1}^{-\frac{1}{2}}}\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}. & & \displaystyle \nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$To accomplish this goal, we require a norm inflation coming from the coupling term$L(a)\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}u$instead of$u\cdot \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FB}u$and construct a new decomposition of the density.
Inefficient differentiation response to cell cycle stress leads to genomic instability and malignant progression of squamous carcinoma cells
Authors: Alonso-Lecue Pilar , de Pedro Isabel , Coulon Vincent , Molinuevo Rut , Lorz Corina , Segrelles Carmen , Ceballos Laura , López-Aventín Daniel , García-Valtuille Ana , Bernal José M , Mazorra Francisco , Pujol Ramón M , Paramio Jesús , Ramón Sanz J , Freije Ana , Toll Agustí , Gandarillas Alberto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or epidermoid cancer is a frequent and aggressive malignancy. However in apparent paradox it retains the squamous differentiation phenotype except for very dysplastic lesions. We have shown that cell cycle stress in normal epidermal keratinocytes triggers a squamous differentiation response involving irreversible mitosis block and polyploidisation. Here we show that cutaneous SCC cells conserve a partial squamous DNA damage-induced differentiation response that allows them to overcome the cell division block. The capacity to divide in spite of drug-induced mitotic stress and DNA damage made well-differentiated SCC cells more genomically instable and more malignant in vivo. Consistently, in a series of human biopsies, non-metastatic SCCs displayed a higher degree of chromosomal alterations and higher expression of the S phase regulator Cyclin E and the DNA damage signal γH2AX than the less aggressive, non-squamous, basal cell carcinomas. However, metastatic SCCs lost the γH2AX signal and Cyclin E, or accumulated cytoplasmic Cyclin E. Conversely, inhibition of endogenous Cyclin E in well-differentiated SCC cells interfered with the squamous phenotype. The results suggest a dual role of cell cycle stress-induced differentiation in squamous cancer: the resulting mitotic blocks would impose, when irreversible, a proliferative barrier, when reversible, a source of genomic instability, thus contributing to malignancy.