bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing secondary prevention of cervical cancer: Recent advances and future challenges
Authors: Ogilvie Gina , Nakisige Carolyn , Huh Warner K. , Mehrotra Ravi , Franco Eduardo L. , Jeronimo Jose 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines offer enormous promise for the ultimate control and possible elimination of cervical cancer, barriers to uptake and coverage of the vaccine both in high‐ and low/middle‐income settings mean that advances in secondary prevention continue to be essential to prevent unnecessary deaths and suffering from cervical cancer for decades to come. While cytology (the Pap smear) has reduced cervical cancer incidence and prevalence in jurisdictions where it has been systematically implemented in population‐based programs—mainly in high‐income settings—limitations inherent to this method, and to program delivery, leave many women still vulnerable to cervical cancer. Recent evidence has confirmed that screening based on HPV testing prevents more invasive cervical cancer and precancerous lesions, and offers innovative options such as self‐collection of specimens to improve screening uptake broadly. In this paper, we review key advances, future opportunities, and ongoing challenges for secondary prevention of cervical cancer using HPV‐based testing.
Treatment of cervical intraepithelial lesions
Authors: Castle Philip E. , Murokora Dan , Perez Carlos , Alvarez Manuel , Quek Swee Chong , Campbell Christine 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPrecancerous cervical lesions precede the development of invasive cervical cancer by 10–20 years, making cervical cancer preventable if these lesions are detected and effectively treated. Treatment has evolved in the last few decades and now includes ablative options that can be performed in lower‐resource settings where surgical excision is not feasible or routinely available. Gas‐based cryotherapy, which freezes cervical tissue to induce localized necrosis, is the most commonly used ablative treatment. However, its implementation in low‐resource settings is difficult because the refrigerant gas can be difficult to procure and transport, and is expensive. New cryotherapy devices that do not require an external supply of gas appear promising. Thermal coagulation, which burns cervical tissue to induce necrosis, has become more widely available in the last few years owing to its portability and the feasibility of using battery‐powered devices. These two ablative treatments successfully eradicate 75%–85% of high‐grade cervical lesions and have minor adverse effects.
The investment case for cervical cancer elimination
Authors: Tsu Vivien Davis , Ginsburg Ophira 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe already know what causes cervical cancer, how to prevent it, and how to treat it, even in resource‐constrained settings. Inequitable access to human papillomavirus vaccine for girls and screening and precancer treatment for women in low‐ and middle‐income countries is unacceptable on ethical, social, and financial grounds. The burden of cervical cancer falls on the poor and extends beyond the narrow bounds of the family, affecting national economic development and community life, as family resources are drained and poverty tightens its grip. Proven solutions are available and the priorities for the next few years are clear, as shown by the papers in this Supplement. Sustained political commitment and strategic investments in cervical cancer prevention can not only save millions of lives over the next 10 years, but can also pave the way for the broader fight against all cancers.
Pharmacophore feature prediction and molecular docking approach to identify novel anti‐HCV protease inhibitors
Authors: Venkatesan Arthi , Rambabu Majji , Jayanthi Sivaraman , Febin Prabhu Dass J 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDiscovering a potential drug for HCV treatment is a challenging task in the field of drug research. This study initiates with computational screening and modeling of promising ligand molecules. The foremost modeling method involves the identification of novel compound and its molecular interaction based on pharmacophore features. A total of 197 HCV compounds for NS3/4A protein target were screened for our study. The pharmacophore models were generated using PHASE module implemented in Schrodinger suite. The pharmacophore features include one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, and three hydrophobic sites. As a result, based on mentioned hypothesis the model ADHHH.159 corresponds to the CID 59533233. Furthermore, docking was performed using maestro for all the 197 compounds. Among these, the CID 59533313 and 59533233 possess the best binding energy of −11.75 and −10.40 kcal/mol, respectively. The interactions studies indicated that the CID complexed with the NS3/4A protein possess better binding affinity with the other compounds. Further the compounds were subjected to calculate the ADME properties. Therefore, it can be concluded that these two compounds could be a potential alternative drug for the development of HCV.
Formation and function of the “Xestoleberis‐spot” in Xestoleberis hanaii (Crustacea: Ostracoda)
Authors: Yamada Shinnosuke 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe crescent sculpture of the so‐called “Xestoleberis‐spot” develops inside the calcified valve of the family Xestoleberididae. Electron microscopic observations on both, intermoult and postmoult stages of Xestoleberis species reveal that the “Xestoleberis‐spot” system consists of three elements; two calcified chambers, a vesicle of electron‐dense material and an uncalcified procuticle. The formation and function of the “Xestoleberis‐spot” system are discussed. In conclusion, the “Xestoleberis‐spot” system functions as the muscle attachment site for several antennal muscles, and provides the material for chitinous fibers in the exocuticle of outer lamella. The unique cuticular structures of the family Xestoleberididae are due to the “Xestoleberis‐spot” system.
Impacts of different ENSO flavors and tropical Pacific convection variability (ITCZ, SPCZ) on austral summer rainfall in South America, with a focus on Peru
Authors: Sulca Juan , Takahashi Ken , Espinoza Jhan‐Carlo , Vuille Mathias , Lavado‐Casimiro Waldo 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTEl Niño in the eastern and central Pacific has different impacts on the rainfall of South America, and the atmospheric pathways through the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) and Inter‐Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) are poorly understood. To address this, we performed linear regression analysis of E (eastern Pacific) and C (central Pacific) indices of sea surface temperature (SST), as well as precipitation indices for the SPCZ and ITCZ, with gridded precipitation and reanalysis data sets during the austral summer (December–February) for the 1980–2016 period. Positive C induces dry anomalies along the tropical Andes and northern South America (NSA), while wet anomalies prevail over southeastern South America (SESA). Moreover, it produces wet conditions in the northwestern Peruvian Amazon. In contrast, positive E enhances wet conditions along the coasts of Ecuador and northern Peru associated with the southward displacement of the eastern Pacific ITCZ and induces dry conditions in Altiplano, Amazon basin, and northeastern Brazil (NEB). Both El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices are associated with weakened upper‐level easterly flow over Peru, but it is more restricted to the central and southern Peruvian Andes with positive E. Both SPCZ indices, the zonal position of the SPCZ and its latitudinal displacement, suppress rainfall along western Peruvian Andes when are positive, but the latter also inhibits rainfall over the Bolivian Altiplano. They are also linked to upper‐level westerly wind anomalies overall of Peru, but these anomalies do not extend as far south in the first. The southward displacement of the eastern Pacific ITCZ also induces wet anomalies in SESA while dry anomalies prevail over NEB, the western Amazon basin, and Bolivia. Oppositely, the southward displacement of the central Pacific ITCZ induces dry anomalies in NEB and along the northern coast of Peru; while wet anomalies occur mainly in eastern Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia through an enhancement of the low level jet.
Abrupt cooling events during the Early Holocene and their potential impact on the environment and human behaviour along the southern North Sea basin (NW Europe)
Authors: Crombé Philippe 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTIn this paper the potential impact of the 9.3k cal a BP cooling event on the environment and human occupation in the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt region of NW Europe is investigated. Although various environmental (decreased fluvial activity, increased wildfires and changing vegetation) and cultural changes (lithic technology, raw material circulation, decreasing site density) can be identified in the (late) Boreal, a serious problem of equifinality remains. Lacking a high‐resolution chronology for these events, it is still difficult to separate the impact of gradual from punctuated climatic changes. However, at present it seems that (some) environmental and cultural changes were already ongoing before the 9.3k cal a BP event but were accelerated by the latter. To gain a better understanding of these processes, it is necessary to take a holistic, multidisciplinary approach towards the Early Holocene in the southern North Sea basin.
Shape‐Shifting Azo Dye Polymers: Towards Sunlight‐Driven Molecular Devices
Authors: Bushuyev Oleksandr S. , Aizawa Miho , Shishido Atsushi , Barrett Christopher J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe development of stimuli‐responsive polymers is among the key goals of modern materials science. The structure and properties of such switchable materials can be designed to be controlled via various stimuli, among which light is frequently the most powerful trigger. Light is a gentle energy source that can target materials remotely, and with extremely high spatial and temporal resolution easily and cheaply. Reversible light‐control over molecular mechanical properties in particular has in recent years attracted great interest due to potential applications as optical‐to‐mechanical conversion actuators and ‘devices’, enabling ‘molecular robotic machines’. In this review, some recent examples and emerging trends in this exciting field of research are highlighted, covering a wide variety of polymer hosts that contain azobenzene photo‐reversible switches. It is hoped that this review will help stimulate more interest towards the development of light‐reversible materials for energy harvesting and conversion, and their successful incorporation into a wide variety of current and future high‐tech applications in devices.
Longitudinal community walking activity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Fowler Eileen G. , Staudt Loretta A. , Heberer Kent R. , Sienko Susan E. , Buckon Cathleen E. , Bagley Anita M. , Sussman Michael D. , McDonald Craig M. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionNatural history studies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have not included measures of community ambulation.MethodsStep activity (SA) monitors quantified community ambulation in 42 boys (ages 4–16 years) with DMD with serial enrollment up to 5 years by using a repeated‐measures mixed model. Additionally, data were compared with 10‐meter walk/run (10mWR) speed to determine validity and sensitivity.ResultsThere were significant declines in average strides/day and percent strides at moderate, high and pediatric high rates as a function of age (P < 0.05). Significant correlations for 10mWR versus high and low stride rates were found at baseline (P < 0.05). SA outcomes were sensitive to change over 1 year, but the direction and parameter differed by age group (younger vs. older). Changes in strides/day and percentages of high frequency and low frequency strides correlated significantly with changes in 10mWR speed (P < 0.05).DiscussionCommunity ambulation data provide valid and sensitive real‐world measures that may inform clinical trials. Muscle Nerve 57: 401–406, 2018
Peptide backbone circularization enhances antifreeze protein thermostability
Authors: Stevens Corey A. , Semrau Joanna , Chiriac Dragos , Litschko Morgan , Campbell Robert L. , Langelaan David N. , Smith Steven P. , Davies Peter L. , Allingham John S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAntifreeze proteins (AFPs) are a class of ice‐binding proteins that promote survival of a variety of cold‐adapted organisms by decreasing the freezing temperature of bodily fluids. A growing number of biomedical, agricultural, and commercial products, such as organs, foods, and industrial fluids, have benefited from the ability of AFPs to control ice crystal growth and prevent ice recrystallization at subzero temperatures. One limitation of AFP use in these latter contexts is their tendency to denature and irreversibly lose activity at the elevated temperatures of certain industrial processing or large‐scale AFP production. Using the small, thermolabile type III AFP as a model system, we demonstrate that AFP thermostability is dramatically enhanced via split intein‐mediated N‐ and C‐terminal end ligation. To engineer this circular protein, computational modeling and molecular dynamics simulations were applied to identify an extein sequence that would fill the 20‐Å gap separating the free ends of the AFP, yet impose little impact on the structure and entropic properties of its ice‐binding surface. The top candidate was then expressed in bacteria, and the circularized protein was isolated from the intein domains by ice‐affinity purification. This circularized AFP induced bipyramidal ice crystals during ice growth in the hysteresis gap and retained 40% of this activity even after incubation at 100°C for 30 min. NMR analysis implicated enhanced thermostability or refolding capacity of this protein compared to the noncyclized wild‐type AFP. These studies support protein backbone circularization as a means to expand the thermostability and practical applications of AFPs.
The importance of time order with Shewhart control charts
Authors: Shper V. , Adler Y. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn Phase I analysis, data are used retrospectively to check process stability and to establish limits that will be later used in Phase II for the prospective monitoring. It is clear that the results of Phase I analysis are of crucial importance for the right interpretation of control chart during Phase II. Many of recent papers devoted to Phase I analysis discuss the accuracy of limits found from Phase I data and the impact of these limits' accuracy on the probability of Type I or II errors. Although this is an interesting issue, we think that its importance is overestimated because there is another problem that escapes the attention of many researchers. This is the problem of the order of points in Phase I or the problem of data randomness. We review the role of data succession on right application of simple Shewhart control chart and hope to draw the attention of the statistical community to this problem because it may affect not only Phase I issues but also many other sides of statistical process control. Besides, we suggest a new test for data randomness and give a preliminary estimate of how it works. We also state our thoughts about the possible causes of neglecting the data order and suppose ideas about future researches.
Reliable sliding mode finite‐time control for discrete‐time singular Markovian jump systems with sensor fault and randomly occurring nonlinearities
Authors: Liu Yangfan , Ma Yuechao , Wang Yanning 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis paper focuses on the problem of finite‐time
control for one family of discrete‐time uncertain singular Markovian jump systems with sensor fault and randomly occurring nonlinearities through a sliding mode approach. The failure of sensor is described as a general and practical continuous fault model. Nonlinear disturbance satisfies the Lipschitz condition and occurs in a probabilistic way. Firstly, based on the state estimator, the discrete‐time close‐loop error system can be constructed and sufficient criteria are provided to guarantee the augment system is sliding mode finite‐time boundedness and sliding mode
finite‐time boundedness. The sliding mode control law is synthesized to guarantee the reachability of the sliding surface in a short time interval, and the gain matrices of state feedback controller and state estimator are achieved by solving a feasibility problem in terms of linear matrix inequalities through a decoupling technique. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A practical numerical substructure method for seismic nonlinear analysis of tall building structures
Authors: Sun Baoyin , Gu Quan , Zhang Peizhou , Ou Jinping 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIt is a challenging task to perform large‐scale nonlinear analysis for complicated tall building structures due to the trade‐off between computational efficiency and numerical accuracy. Existing methods cannot satisfactorily meet the demands of engineering practices because they require predetermining local yielded regions or adaptively refining models during the analysis. This paper presents a modified numerical substructure method (NSM) in which the difficult task is divided into seismic analysis of a linear elastic “master” structure and static nonlinear analyses of a limited quantity of substructures for local yielded regions. A “nonlinear force corrector” is calculated in the substructure and applied on the master structure to consider the contribution of the yielded region's nonlinearity. A 32‐story reinforced concrete frame shear‐wall building under earthquake is analyzed to verify the NSM and investigate its accuracy and efficiency. In addition, a reinforced concrete frame shake‐table test is simulated using the modified NSM, and local damage behaviors and improved accuracy can be obtained using the refined substructure model.
Experimental investigation on the behavior of corrugated steel shear wall subjected to the different angle of trapezoidal plate
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Leila , Emami Fereshteh , Mofid Masood 
Published: July 2017

SummaryStudies on corrugated steel shear walls (CSSWs) generally indicate noticeable increase of energy absorption, as well as increasing shear buckling capacity of corrugated plates being more likely rather than the flat plates. In this paper, the effect of variation in the angle of trapezoidal plate on the behavior of CSSWs has extensively been investigated. Three specimens of CSSW with 1 story and single bay in half scale are tested under cyclic load. The observations of experiment do indicate that stress concentration has been increased in the corner of subpanels, by increasing of the corrugation angle. Development of the tensile field and wall yield and damage depends on the geometry of the plate. By increasing the corrugation angle, the stiffness and energy dissipation decrease; in addition, large loss of strength takes place. Comparing the numerical and experimental results indicates that for a closer look at behavior of trapezoidal CSSWs, fracture mechanics, fatigue, and damping of materials should be considered by numerical analysis.
Case study of the seismic response of an extra‐dosed cable‐stayed bridge with cable‐sliding friction aseismic bearing using shake table tests
Authors: Yang Haolin , Pang Yutao , Tian Shengze , Dang Xinzhi , Yuan Wancheng 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis paper presents an experimental case study of an extra‐dosed cable‐stayed bridge isolated by cable‐sliding friction aseismic bearing (CSFAB) based on 1/20 scaled half structure multiple shake table test. The mechanical characteristics of new version CSFAB are first described in details. Then the half structure test method is introduced and validated by finite element model analyses. The test setup with 4 independent shake tables is later introduced. The test model was subjected to a suite of ground motions of increasing peak ground acceleration, first while the bridge was isolated by CSFABs and subsequently while it was isolated by conventional sliding bearings. Observation and measured seismic responses are reported. During the tests, the CSFAB system had high isolation efficiency at mild girder‐pier relative seismic displacement and could restrain girder movement at excessive relative displacement. The test results also indicate self‐centering capacity of CSFAB. Although the effectiveness of the restraining function of CSFAB is evident, momentary increase in girder acceleration and pier acceleration could be witnessed during the restraining, which could lead to enlarged seismic force and moment of the pier. Therefore, it is recommended that the maximum restraining force of the cables be carefully designed considering the pier strength.
Three dimensional transient Green's functions in a thermoelastic transversely isotropic half‐space
Authors: Eskandari‐Ghadi M. , Raoofian‐Naeeni M. , Pak R. Y. S. , Ardalan Alireza A. , Morshedifard A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA transversely isotropic thermoelastic half‐space in both mechanical and thermal points of view is considered as the domain of the initial boundary value problem involved in this paper. The governing partial differential equations of thermoelasticity in a cylindrical coordinate system are uncoupled with the aid of a complete set of displacement‐potential and temperature‐potential functions, which with the help of Fourier series decomposition and Hankel‐Laplace integral transforms, are reduced to ordinary differential equations in terms of depth. Then, the general solutions due to an arbitrary patch‐load and surface heat flux are investigated for the case of a point load varying with time as Heaviside step function and a point heat flux varying with time as Dirac delta function in order to compute the related Green's functions. The governing equations for the potential functions are in such a way that different longitudinal and transverse waves are recognized and the transport properties can be discovered from the governing equations. Some numerical illustrations are also presented to depict the dependency of response on the thermal properties as well as the anisotropy of the medium.
A class of shear deformable isotropic elastic plates with parametrically variable warping shapes
Authors: Polizzotto Castrenze 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA homogeneous shear deformable isotropic elastic plate model is addressed in which the normal transverse fibers are allowed to rotate and to warp in a physically consistent manner specified by a fixed value of a real non‐negative warping parameter ω. On letting ω vary continuously (at fixed load and boundary conditions), a continuous family of shear deformable plates is generated, which spans from the Kirchhoff plate at the lower limit , to the Mindlin plate at the upper limit ; for , identifies with the third‐order Reddy plate. The boundary‐value problem for the generic plate is addressed in the case of quasi‐static loads, for which a principle of minimum total potential energy is given. Taking the Kirchhoff deflection wK and the shear angle potentials as basic unknown fields, the problem turns out to be governed by three uncoupled fourth‐order PDEs, of which one coincides with the classical PDE for the Kirchhoff plate, the other two are PDEs of Helmholtz type. A closed‐form representation of the general solution for the plate family is given in terms of to within an arbitrary biharmonic function and an arbitrary pair of conjugate harmonic functions. These arbitrary functions are available to enforce the inherent boundary conditions. The connections between the present theory and other existing theories are pointed out. An application to a family of simply supported circular plates under uniform load is analytically worked out.