bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spirit Project: Strengthening the Capacities for Fostering Innovation Along Potato Value Chains in East Africa
Authors: Ritter Enrique , Barrandalla Leire , Malley Zacharia , Ongol Martin Patrick , Kaaya Archileo , Ooko George , Rosario Mínguez María del , Ruiz de Galarreta Jose Ignacio 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The project SPIRIT was conducted in Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda and Kenya from 2012 to 2016 with the aim of increasing the contribution of agricultural science, technology and innovation to social development in East Africa. The project involved literature research, on-site visits and meetings with farmers, research institutions and stakeholders, information compilation, database establishment and a project webpage. A strategy with three main objectives and associated actions was implemented. The first objective focused on the improvement of scientific and technological knowledge of East African research organizations. For this, state-of the-art research on innovative technologies and practices for enhanced product quality was assessed; a web-based knowledge-sharing platform was created; the “East Africa Potato Research and Knowledge Exchange Forum” was constituted and six meetings with visits were realized. The second objective focused on private and civil society actors and governmental services and aimed at reinforcing their capacities for generating and adopting innovative technologies and practices. Sixteen innovation sessions were conducted. Guidelines for enhancing product quality along the potato value chain in East Africa were elaborated and disseminated. The third objective targeted governmental bodies with competences in policy-making for promoting changes in policies. Proposals for policymakers were developed and transferred to relevant authorities.
Sub-classifying the languages of the Lower Volta Valley: Towards redefining Kwa
Authors: Dakubu Mary Esther Kropp 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper is concerned with defining the genetic position of the Ghana-Togo Mountain (GTM) languages, formerly known as theTogorestsprachen, later the Central Togo languages, in relation to what are currently known as the Kwa languages. It explores the possible genetic relationship of the languages now referred to as “Ghana-Togo Mountain” languages to the Potou-Tano languages, as an initial step towards defining their relationship towards all the languages of the area. Probably nobody today questions that the languages are all related, all being classifiable as Niger-Congo, but the problem is, how are they related? The paper does not conclusively prove that GTM languages belong to the family denoted by the node label “Potou-Tano”, but evidence adduced makes it seem very likely. It also shows that on the basis of several sound shifts it is reasonable to regard GTM as a genetic group within Potou-Tano. There is no clear evidence that the NA group of GTM is any more closely related to Tano than the KA group. An obvious next step is a proper comparison of the Tano and GTM noun class systems.
Bedingungen der Möglichkeit von Inklusion. Reflexive Sportwissenschaft an einem Beispiel
Authors: Schürmann Volker 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag will ein sportphilosophischer Beitrag zur Inklusionsdebatte sein und zugleich kenntlich machen, was es heißen kann, einen Gegenstand der Sportwissenschaft philosophisch zu verhandeln. Der Sache nach geht es primär um die Artikulation ausgewählter kategorialer Bedingungen der Möglichkeit von Inklusion, sekundär um empirische Bedingungen der konkreten Realisierungsformen von Inklusion. Die herausgestellten kategorialen Bedingungen sind dem eigentümlichen Geltungsstatus von Inklusion geschuldet, nämlich kategorisch rechtsverbindlich zu gelten, gleichwohl aber auf einer freien Entscheidung zu beruhen, insbesondere also diskutierbar sein zu müssen. Erinnert wird daran, dass unterschiedliche Paradigmen von Inklusion unterschiedliche Konsequenzen für das soziale Miteinander haben, an die völkerrechtliche Verankerung des Inklusionsprinzips und an den völkerrechtlichen Status der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention.
„Inklusion? Ja, ja, machen wir jetzt auch!“
Authors: Hunger Ina 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Anlässlich der Veröffentlichung des Positionspapiers ‚Inklusion und Sportwissenschaft‘ fragte die Autorin, Vizepräsidentin der dvs und Initiatorin der o. g. Publikation, bei verschiedenen sportwissenschaftlichen Standorten nach Resonanz und Umsetzung des im Papier konturierten Aufgabenbereichs ‚Ausbildung‘. Dabei entstand der Eindruck, dass sich der Umgang mit dem Thema „Inklusion“ in den letzten Jahren offensichtlich verändert hat. Ging es vor einigen Jahren in den akademisch geprägten Diskussionen noch primär (und mehr oder weniger erregt) um die Auslegung von Inklusion und um das Pro und Contra der geforderten gesellschaftlichen und bildungspolitischen Veränderungen, so deutet sich derzeit eine pragmatische Betriebsamkeit an. Inklusion erhält insofern Einzug in den Alltag sportwissenschaftlicher Ausbildung, als einschlägige Begriffe in Modulverzeichnisse eingespeist werden, Seminarpläne das Thema Inklusion punktuell aufgreifen und gezielte Oberflächenanpassungen vorgenommen werden. Strukturelle Änderungen bleiben jedoch weitgehend aus. Dieser Eindruck korrespondiert u. a. mit ministeriellen Erlassen und universitären Auflagen, die durch einschlägige Formulierungen oder Auslassungen anzeigen: Fürchtet Euch nicht vor Inklusion. Alles bleibt in etwa so, wie es ist.
A Glimpse into the Šumu-libši Archive: The Sociohistorical Context of a Prebend Sale from the E-kar-zaginna of Ea in Babylon and Related Texts
Authors: Gordin Shai 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:CT 51, 56 (BM 34545) is a prebend sale from the E-kar-zaginna temple in Babylon within the Šumu-libši family. It is suggested here that the prebend belonged to a lamentation singer (
Die Institutionen in den syrischen Immobiliartransaktionen aus Emar
Authors: Endesfelder Marc 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:Three institutions are found in the Syrian-style legal documents from Emar: the city, the palace and the „brothers“. As will be shown, most of these legal documents can be assigned to one of three groups that differ in form, content and function. Each group can be associated with one of the three institutions, which functions as the principal guarantor of the respective documents. The identification of these groups not only helps to characterize the role of the three institutions more precisely but also has important consequences for the interpretation of the corpus of Syrian legal documents as a whole and its relationship to the Syro-Hittite texts.
Partizipative Finanzierung: Synergetische Kooperation zur Überwindung des Spannungsfeldes zwischen bürgerpräferenzgerechter und haushaltspolitisch opportuner Leistungserbringung
Authors: Drescher Sebastian 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Schwindende haushaltspolitische Handlungsspielräume der politischen Entscheidungsträger, eine Verknappung und Qualitätsminderung des Leistungsangebots im Bereich der Daseinsvorsorge und die daraus resultierende wachsende Politikverdrossenheit der Bürger
Zur Harmonisierung des Leseflusses wird der Begriff Bürger synonym für Bürgerinnen und Bürger verwendet.
haben vielerorts zu einem Umdenken geführt. Innovative Finanzierungsformen, die den Bürger in den Prozess der Planung und Leistungserstellung einbinden und zum Mitgestalter am eigenen Lebensumfeld avancieren lassen, zielen darauf ab, den Konflikt zwischen einer haushaltspolitisch opportunen und präferenzgerechten Leistungserbringung zu bewältigen. Dieser Artikel zeigt auf, welchen Beitrag hierbei die sogenannte partizipative Finanzierung im Rahmen einer synergetischen Kooperation zu leisten imstande ist.
Identified GABAergic and Glutamatergic Neurons in the Mouse Inferior Colliculus Share Similar Response Properties
Authors: Ono Munenori , Bishop Deborah C. , Oliver Douglas L. 
Published: August 2017

GABAergic neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) play a critical role in auditory information processing, yet their responses to sound are unknown. Here, we used optogenetic methods to characterize the response properties of GABAergic and presumed glutamatergic neurons to sound in the IC. We found that responses to pure tones of both inhibitory and excitatory classes of neurons were similar in their thresholds, response latencies, rate-level functions, and frequency tuning, but GABAergic neurons may have higher spontaneous firing rates. In contrast to their responses to pure tones, the inhibitory and excitatory neurons differed in their ability to follow amplitude modulations. The responses of both cell classes were affected by their location regardless of the cell type, especially in terms of their frequency tuning. These results show that the synaptic domain, a unique organization of local neural circuits in the IC, may interact with all types of neurons to produce their ultimate response to sound.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough the inferior colliculus (IC) in the auditory midbrain is composed of different types of neurons, little is known about how these specific types of neurons respond to sound. Here, for the first time, we characterized the response properties of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the IC. Both classes of neurons had diverse response properties to tones but were overall similar, except for the spontaneous activity and their ability to follow amplitude-modulated sound. Both classes of neurons may compose a basic local circuit that is replicated throughout the IC. Within each local circuit, the inputs to the local circuit may have a greater influence in determining the response properties to sound than the specific neuron types.
Pervasive coexpression of spatially proximal genes is buffered at the protein level
Authors: Kustatscher Georg , Grabowski Piotr , Rappsilber Juri 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGenes are not randomly distributed in the genome. In humans, 10% of protein‐coding genes are transcribed from bidirectional promoters and many more are organised in larger clusters. Intriguingly, neighbouring genes are frequently coexpressed but rarely functionally related. Here we show that coexpression of bidirectional gene pairs, and closeby genes in general, is buffered at the protein level. Taking into account the 3D architecture of the genome, we find that co‐regulation of spatially close, functionally unrelated genes is pervasive at the transcriptome level, but does not extend to the proteome. We present evidence that non‐functional mRNA coexpression in human cells arises from stochastic chromatin fluctuations and direct regulatory interference between spatially close genes. Protein‐level buffering likely reflects a lack of coordination of post‐transcriptional regulation of functionally unrelated genes. Grouping human genes together along the genome sequence, or through long‐range chromosome folding, is associated with reduced expression noise. Our results support the hypothesis that the selection for noise reduction is a major driver of the evolution of genome organisation.
Dissecting Causal Pathways Using Mendelian Randomization with Summarized Genetic Data: Application to Age at Menarche and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Burgess Stephen , Thompson Deborah J , Rees Jessica M B , Day Felix R , Perry John R , Ong Ken K 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Mendelian randomization is the use of genetic variants as instrumental variables to estimate causal effects of risk factors on outcomes. The total causal effect of a risk factor is the change in the outcome resulting from intervening on the risk factor. This total causal effect may potentially encompass multiple mediating mechanisms. For a proposed mediator, the direct effect of the risk factor is the change in the outcome resulting from a change in the risk factor, keeping the mediator constant. A difference between the total effect and the direct effect indicates that the causal pathway from the risk factor to the outcome acts at least in part via the mediator (an indirect effect). Here, we show that Mendelian randomization estimates of total and direct effects can be obtained using summarized data on genetic associations with the risk factor, mediator, and outcome, potentially from different data sources. We perform simulations to test the validity of this approach when there is unmeasured confounding and/or bidirectional effects between the risk factor and mediator. We illustrate this method using the relationship between age at menarche and risk of breast cancer, with body mass index (BMI) as a potential mediator. We show an inverse direct causal effect of age at menarche on risk of breast cancer (independent of BMI), and a positive indirect effect via BMI. In conclusion, multivariable Mendelian randomization using summarized genetic data provides a rapid and accessible analytic strategy that can be undertaken using publicly available data to better understand causal mechanisms.
Ordered porous structure of nitrogen-self-doped carbon supporting Co3O4nanoparticles as anode for improving cycle stability in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Lei , Yang Quanling , Jiang Ming , Wang Shan , Liu Bin , Fang Dong , Huang Jing , Wang Qing , Dong Lijie , Xiong Chuanxi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A Percepção de Marcas de Luxo em uma Era de “Populismo” de Réplicas: um Estudo a Partir da Ancoragem de Preços
Authors: Pereira Jefferson Rodrigues , E Sousa Caissa Veloso , Matos Eliane Bragança de 
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar o conhecimento das marcas de luxo e suas réplicas a partir da heurística cognitiva de ancoragem com base em preços. Foram escolhidas 14 marcas de luxo, em que os respondentes da pesquisa atribuíram valor ao produto original e a sua réplica, em duas etapas diferentes. Um total de 134 pessoas, escolhidas pelos critérios de acessibilidade e de conveniência, respondeu a um questionário on line. A primeira etapa da análise dos resultados mostrou, por meio do levantamento de dados extremos, que um significativo percentual de respondentes não conhecia as marcas. A segunda parte da análise mostrou que a ancoragem baseada nos preços das marcas originais funcionou de forma mais realista do que a situação contrária. Com base nestas análises foram feitas sugestões de modificação das estratégias de comunicação e direcionamento das marcas de luxo de maneira a fortalecê-las e a facilitar o combate a pirataria e as falsificações.
FDA Approval Summary: Pembrolizumab for Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: First-Line Therapy and Beyond
Authors: Pai-Scherf Lee , Blumenthal Gideon M. , Li Hongshan , Subramaniam Sriram , Mishra-Kalyani Pallavi S. , He Kun , Zhao Hong , Yu Jingyu , Paciga Mark , Goldberg Kirsten B. , McKee Amy E. , Keegan Patricia , Pazdur Richard 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
On October 24, 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pembrolizumab (Keytruda; Merck & Co., Inc., https://www.merck.com) for treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) whose tumors express programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) as determined by an FDA-approved test, as follows: (a) first-line treatment of patients with mNSCLC whose tumors have high PD-L1 expression (tumor proportion score [TPS] ≥50%), with no epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) genomic tumor aberrations, and (b) treatment of patients with mNSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS ≥1%), with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving pembrolizumab.
Approval was based on two randomized, open-label, active-controlled trials demonstrating statistically significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients randomized to pembrolizumab compared with chemotherapy. In KEYNOTE−024, patients with previously untreated mNSCLC who received pembrolizumab (200 mg intravenously [IV] every 3 weeks) had a statistically significant improvement in OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41–0.89; p = .005), and significant improvement in PFS (HR 0.50; 95% CI: 0.37–0.68; p &lt; .001). In KEYNOTE-010, patients with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy received pembrolizumab IV 2 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. The HR and p value for OS was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.58–0.88), p &lt; .001 comparing pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg with chemotherapy and the HR and p value for OS was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.49–0.75), p &lt; .001 comparing pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg with chemotherapy.
AUTOESTIMA, AUTOIMAGEM E CONSTITUIÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE: UM ESTUDO COM GRADUANDOS DE PSICOLOGIA
Authors: Vasconcelos Helena Serafim de 
Published: August 2017

Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar as possíveis transformações percebidas por estudantes de Psicologia ao longo do curso e o impacto destas na autoestima e na autoimagem. Com um desenho híbrido, realizou-se inicialmente um estudo-piloto de corte transversal analítico, no qual foram encaminhados questionários semiestruturados a 235 estudantes de psicologia de uma instituição sem fins lucrativos da Bahia, por e-mail. Os resultados identificaram um perfil sócio demográfico consonante com a literatura, sendo a maioria de mulheres, entre 16 e 21 anos de idade, heterossexual e autodenominada parda. Na amostra, 73,81% afirmaram melhora na autoestima. Num segundo momento, realizou-se um estudo complementar qualitativo, no qual, através de entrevistas individuais com alunos do último ano, verificou-se que a maioria afirmava percepção de mudança positiva na autoestima e na autoimagem, relacionando-as à experiência do curso de Psicologia. Houve também relatos de amadurecimento pessoal e empoderamento na realização das atividades práticas propostas nas diferentes áreas de estágio curricular, além da formação de identidades profissionais a partir dessas experiências e do curso de graduação.
Predictors of failure in non-operative management of blunt liver trauma
Authors: Winata Andika A. , Rudiman Reno 
Published: August 2017

Background: Liver is the most injured organ in abdominal trauma. Nonoperative treatment (NOM) is increasingly being adopted as the initial management strategy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of operative and conservative management of patients with blunt liver injury treated in a single institution.Methods: A retrospective study, analyzing patients admitted from 2011-2015 with the diagnosis of liver trauma, was performed. The patients were classified according to the intention to treatment: Group I, NOM; Group II, operative management and Group III, fail in NOM management. We analyzed demographic data, injury classification, associated injuries, transfusions, shock, liver function test, lactate level, and mortality rates.Results: Over the five years period, 68 patients were recorded, 45 were successful (S-NOM) and 18 were failed (F-NOM). No differences in age, sex or initial hemodynamics were found between S-NOM and F-NOM. The F-NOM patients were more seriously injured, more acidotic, required transfusion, had more fluid collection at FAST, had worse transaminase level and higher mortality rate. Grade of liver injuries was the independent risk factor of failure in nonoperating management of blunt liver trauma with the cut-off point is 3.66.Conclusions: Non-operative management of blunt liver injuries is successful in some cases. Patients with more severe injury tend to have an operation. High-grade blunt liver injuries always present with a worse condition and require an operation.
Comparative study of management of grade III hemorrhoids by Harmonic Scalpel technique versus conventional surgical technique (Milligan Morgan method)
Authors: Thiyagarajan Amrithraj , Bhatnagar Shubhi 
Published: August 2017

Background: The study aimed to compare the management of Grade III hemorrhoids by conventional Milligan Morgan versus Harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy with respect to the intraoperative time, intra operative blood loss, length of hospital stays, postoperative outcome based on immediate and late complications and activity resumption, recurrence and cost.Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 60 patients, 30 patients undergoing Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy and 30 patients undergoing Milligan Morgan hemorrhoidectomy, were studied. Operated patients were monitored for bleeding, pain, retention of urine, fecal incontinence ambulatory time and recurrence.Results: Symptoms such as pain during defecation, bleeding PR were significantly reduced at follow up in patients undergoing Harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy over Milligan Morgan technique. Fecal incontinence was present in 8 cases following Milligan Morgan method over 3 months follow up. Recurrence was highest in (26.08%) in Milligan Morgan group while lowest in (4.34%) in Harmonic Scalpel group. No of days absent from work is more Milligan Morgan group and significantly less in Harmonic Scalpel group.Conclusions: This study showed significant difference in operative time, blood loss during surgery and pain score on postoperative days 15, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months and postoperative analgesic requirement for Harmonic scalpel assisted hemorrhoidectomy as compared to conventional Milligan Morgan, which were statistically significant. Harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy is a newer, safer, more effective, faster and bloodless operative technique with minimal tissue damage and further larger sample studies and required to establish its complete efficacy and benefit over other modalities of hemorrhoidectomy.
Conduits for esophageal replacement: alternatives
Authors: Nichkaode Prabhat B. , Naik Tarun , Sharma Anurag 
Published: August 2017

Background: Native esophageal replacement after esophageal resection is a problem that has challenged the surgeons over a century. Conduit must be long enough to bridge between cervical esophagus and abdomen. It must have reliable vascular supply, so that it can perform its function of deglutition. Stomach, colon and jejunum all these are used since long. However, there are times when the stomach is unavailable for use as a conduit. It is in these instances that an esophageal surgeon must have an alternative conduit in their armamentarium. Present study is aimed to discuss technical aspects of stomach, colonic, interposition in 32 cases of benign and malignant pathology, we review recent literature with a focus on outcomes, advantages and disadvantages of all options.Methods: A retrospective study of 32 cases between 2009 to 2016 at teaching institute in central India. 32 cases of benign and malignant esophageal disease needing esophageal resection and replacement. The record of each patient was reviewed for age, gender, indication for esophageal resection, type of operation, indication for selection of conduit, morbidity and mortality. The patient’s gastrointestinal symptoms were graded as excellent, good, fair or poor. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method using the date of operation as the starting point.Results: Study includes 24 males and 8 females, 25 cases cancer esophagus with 6 patients caustic stricture, 1 patient had radiation stricture. Gastric conduit was used in 29 patients while 3 patients had colonic interposition. No complications noted in colonic group, while cervical anastomotic leak along with cardiovascular and respiratory complications noted in 6 patients. Gastric replacement was less time consuming than colonic interposition. There was hospital mortality of 4 patients. There is no difference in survival of these patients whether you use gastric or colonic conduit.Conclusions: Clinical decision making in the treatment of esophageal cancer consists of balancing the risks of a particular treatment against potential benefits gained in survival and quality of life. The choice of conduit for reconstruction may have significant impact on the quality of life. Stomach is the most commonly used organ for replacement but when it is not available then colon can safely be used as an esophageal replacement.