bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Dependency and Intensity of the Virtual Water Trade in Korea
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hyun , Yoo Seung‐Hwan , Choi Jin‐Yong , Shin Ankook 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTrading in crops can be regarded as the primary source of water demand in terms of virtual water trade, and the main importers would have to consider the trading in crops from a water management perspective. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the dependency and intensity of the virtual water trade in Korea. The virtual water trade values of 41 crops were quantified from 2006 to 2010. About 9.5% of global blue water trade was captured by Korea through maize trade. In addition, we evaluated the water dependency and trade intensity of the virtual water trade. Water dependency was evaluated by examining the proportions of external to internal water footprints. Korea exhibited the highest water dependency of 99%, followed by maize and pulse crops. Virtual water trade intensity indicates the importance of trading partners. The results show that the USA and China have been the most important trading partners, and the trade intensity with Romania, Ukraine and Australia has increased from 2006 to 2010. These results, such as water dependency and trade intensity of virtual water trade, should be useful indices for sustainable crop trade and water management in Korea. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Seeing It From a Different Light”
Authors: Smith Blaine E. , Dalton Bridget 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAlthough research emphasizes the importance of reflection for productive learning, much of this work has focused on writing as the preferred mode. The goal of this study was to examine how two adolescent composers reflected on their multimodal visions and processes through multimodal means—in particular, how the students remixed research‐provided screen capture video, class observation video, and their multimodal products to each create a composer's cut video reflection. A multimodal matrix analytic approach was employed by integrating analyses of students’ composing processes, products, and perspectives to derive themes. Findings revealed that the students uniquely remixed modes and media to create their composer's cut videos. They leveraged the affordances of video, image, text, and sound to represent their creative process and artistic identities. Students gained new insights into their process and who they were as multimodal designers and recommended composer's cut as a useful tool for personal reflection and social media sharing.
The impact of neoadjuvant therapy for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma on postoperative morbidity and mortality
Authors: Fuentes Eva , Ahmad Rima , Hong Theodore S. , Clark Jeffrey W. , Kwak Eunice L. , Rattner David W. , Mullen John T. 
Published: January 2016

Background and ObjectivesWe sought to study the impact of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) on postoperative complications following surgical resection of adenocarcinomas of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ).MethodsWe compared the postoperative outcomes of 308 patients undergoing a surgery‐first approach and 145 patients undergoing NAT followed by curative‐intent surgery for adenocarcinomas of the stomach and GEJ from 1995–2014.ResultsPatients receiving NAT were more likely to be younger, have tumors of the GEJ, to undergo esophagogastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy, and to have more advanced stage disease than patients undergoing surgery first. There were no differences in overall 30‐day morbidity or mortality rates between the groups, yet patients undergoing surgery first were more likely to have higher‐grade complications than those undergoing NAT. Age >65 years, higher ASA score, concomitant splenectomy, more advanced tumor stage, and year of surgery were independent risk factors for postoperative morbidity, but receipt of NAT was not an independent predictor of postoperative morbidity.ConclusionsDespite having more advanced disease and undergoing higher‐risk surgical procedures, patients with adenocarcinomas of the stomach or GEJ who receive NAT prior to surgery are no more likely to suffer postoperative complications than patients treated with a surgery‐first approach. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:560–564. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Poly(p‐phenylene) with Poly(ethylene glycol) Chains and Amino Groups as a Functional Platform for Controlled Drug Release and Radiotherapy
Authors: Guler Bahar , Akbulut Huseyin , Barlas Firat Baris , Geyik Caner , Demirkol Dilek Odaci , Senisik Ahmet Murat , Arican Halil Armagan , Coskunol Hakan , Timur Suna , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: January 2016

Conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combination of these two result in side effects, which lower the quality of life of the patients. To overcome problems with these methods, altering the drug properties by conjugating them to carrier polymers has emerged. Such polymeric carriers also hold the potential to make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. Herein, poly(p‐phenylene) (PPP) polymer with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains and primary amino groups (PPP‐NH2‐g‐PEG) is synthesized and conjugated with anticancer drug Doxorubicin (DOX). pH dependent drug release experiments are performed at pH 5.3 and pH 7.4, respectively. Cell viability studies on human cervix adenocarcinoma cells show that lower doses of DOX inhibit cell proliferation when conjugated with nontoxic doses of PPP‐NH2‐g‐PEG polymer. Additionally, PPP‐NH2‐g‐PEG/Cys/DOX bioconjugate significantly increases radiosensitive properties of DOX. It is possible to use lower doses of DOX when conjugated to PPP‐NH2‐g‐PEG in combination with radiotherapy.
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Next‐generation sequencing identifies novel CACNA1A gene mutations in episodic ataxia type 2
Authors: Maksemous Neven , Roy Bishakha , Smith Robert A. , Griffiths Lyn R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEpisodic Ataxia type 2 (EA2) is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited neurological disorder characterized by recurrent disabling imbalance, vertigo, and episodes of ataxia lasting minutes to hours. EA2 is caused most often by loss of function mutations of the calcium channel gene CACNA1A. In addition to EA2, mutations in CACNA1A are responsible for two other allelic disorders: familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6). Herein, we have utilized next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to screen the coding sequence, exon‐intron boundaries, and Untranslated Regions (UTRs) of five genes where mutation is known to produce symptoms related to EA2, including CACNA1A. We performed this screening in a group of 31 unrelated patients with EA2 symptoms. Both novel and known mutations were detected through NGS technology, and confirmed through Sanger sequencing. Genetic testing showed in total 15 mutation bearing patients (48%), of which nine were novel mutations (6 missense and 3 small frameshift deletion mutations) and six known mutations (4 missense and 2 nonsense).These results demonstrate the efficiency of our NGS‐panel for detecting known and novel mutations for EA2 in the CACNA1A gene, also identifying a novel missense mutation in ATP1A2 which is not a normal target for EA2 screening.
Partially printed resistive memory cells on rigid and flexible substrates
Authors: Schwarz Christian , Kaiser Michael , Jacob Selma F. , Schindler Christina 
Published: January 2016

The fabrication and characterization of resistive memory cells based on a silver/silicon oxide stack with a printed polymer electrode is described. Memory cells were fabricated on standard silicon wafers as well as on flexible polymer foils. The partially printed cells showed low switching voltages and currents. Together with the possibility of multi‐level data storage even on flexible substrates, the potential for low power, high density, and printed cheap memory cells is demonstrated.Memristor with printed electrode and its current–voltage characteristic.
The March 1972 northwest Greenland windstorm: evidence of downslope winds associated with a trapped lee wave
Authors: Moore G. W. K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn March 1972, a severe windstorm buffeted Thule Air Force Base in northwest Greenland with sustained surface winds in excess of 30 m s−1 and gusts exceeding 90 m s−1 – one of the highest surface wind speeds ever directly observed. The high winds were associated with an extratropical cyclone that propagated into the region from the Labrador Sea. It has been argued that katabatic flow off the nearby ice cap contributed to the high winds during the event. Here we use surface and radiosonde data from the region along with an operational analysis as well as both conventional and ‘surface data’ reanalyses to examine the conditions in the region during the windstorm. We find that during the event there was southeasterly flow in the region suggesting that katabatic flow, which would have resulted in easterly or northeasterly flow, was not a significant contributor to the high winds observed at Thule. Rather, we find that the environmental conditions immediately prior to the event were conducive to the excitation of a trapped lee wave forced by the flow over the topographic ridge upwind of Thule. Radiosonde data during the event is consistent with this interpretation and suggests that downslope winds associated with this trapped lee wave were responsible for the observed high winds. Evidence is also presented that corner jets excited by the coastal topography also occur in the region and one such jet contributed to the high wind speeds during this event.
Sea turtle nesting patterns in Florida vis‐à‐vis satellite‐derived measures of artificial lighting
Authors: Weishampel Zachary A. , Cheng Wan‐Hwa , Weishampel John F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLight pollution contributes to the degradation and reduction of habitat for wildlife. Nocturnally nesting and hatching sea turtle species are particularly sensitive to artificial light near nesting beaches. At local scales (0.01–0.1 km), artificial light has been experimentally shown to deter nesting females and disorient hatchlings. This study used satellite‐based remote sensing to assess broad scale (~1–100s km) effects of artificial light on nesting patterns of loggerhead (Caretta caretta), leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) and green turtles (Chelonia mydas) along the Florida coastline. Annual artificial nightlight data from 1992 to 2012 acquired by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) were compared to an extensive nesting dataset for 368, ~1 km beach segments from this same 21‐year period. Relationships between nest densities and artificial lighting were derived using simultaneous autoregressive models to adjust for the presence of spatial autocorrelation. Though coastal urbanization increased in Florida during this period, nearly two‐thirds of the surveyed beaches exhibited decreasing light levels (N = 249); only a small fraction of the beaches showed significant increases (N = 52). Nest densities for all three sea turtle species were negatively influenced by artificial light at neighborhood scales (<100 km); however, only loggerhead and green turtle nest densities were influenced by artificial light levels at the individual beach scale (~1 km). Satellite monitoring shows promise for light management of extensive or remote areas. As the spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions of the satellite data are coarse, ground measurements are suggested to confirm that artificial light levels on beaches during the nesting season correspond to the annual nightlight measures.
Cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional resistance, and metallurgical characteristics of V taper 2 and V taper 2H rotary NiTi files
Authors: Chang S. W. , Shim K. S. , Kim Y. C. , Jee K. K. , Zhu Q. , Perinpanayagam H. , Kum K. Y. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional resistance, and metallurgical characteristics of conventional NiTi wire (V taper 2, V2) and CM wire (V taper 2H, V2H)‐based files. Cyclic fatigue and torsional resistance of V2 and V2H were investigated by measuring the number of cycles to fracture, maximum torque at fracture, and maximum angle at fracture. The typical patterns of fatigue and torsional fractures were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The metallurgical characteristics were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) from −100 °C to 100 °C. The austenite finishing temperature (Af) of each instrument was also measured. The microstructures of the instruments were investigated by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) along with selected area diffraction pattern analysis. The results were statistically analyzed by Mann–Whitney U‐test (p = 0.05). V2H showed significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance and torsional resistance than V2. SEM images of the fractured surfaces showed typical patterns of fatigue and torsional fracture. The DSC analysis of V2 showed one small peak in both the heating and cooling curves. The Af of V2 was −0.32 °C. V2H showed two remarkable peaks in the heating curve and one remarkable peak in the cooling curve. The Af of V2H was 33.25 °C. The TEM analysis showed that both V2 and V2H are mainly composed of austenite. In conclusion, V2H showed higher cyclic fatigue resistance and torsional resistance than V2. The superior properties of V2H could be attributed to the annealing effect and possibly the martensite phase. SCANNING 38:564–570, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Real‐time surveillance for abnormal events: the case of influenza outbreaks
Authors: Rao Yao , McCabe Brendan 
Published: January 2016

This paper introduces a method of surveillance using deviations from probabilistic forecasts. Realised observations are compared with probabilistic forecasts, and the “deviation” metric is based on low probability events. If an alert is declared, the algorithm continues to monitor until an all‐clear is announced. Specifically, this article addresses the problem of syndromic surveillance for influenza (flu) with the intention of detecting outbreaks, due to new strains of viruses, over and above the normal seasonal pattern. The syndrome is hospital admissions for flu‐like illness, and hence, the data are low counts. In accordance with the count properties of the observations, an integer‐valued autoregressive process is used to model flu occurrences. Monte Carlo evidence suggests the method works well in stylised but somewhat realistic situations. An application to real flu data indicates that the ideas may have promise. The model estimated on a short run of training data did not declare false alarms when used with new observations deemed in control, ex post. The model easily detected the 2009 H1N1 outbreak. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Einfluss der Therapie auf das Krebsrisiko bei rheumatoider Arthritis
Authors: Waldner M. J. , Strangfeld A. , Aringer M. 
Published: January 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die erhöhte Inzidenz bestimmter Tumorarten im Rahmen chronischer Entzündungen und Infektionen einerseits und das erhöhte Tumorrisiko unter Immunsuppression andererseits verdeutlichen die vielseitige und komplexe Beeinflussung der Tumorpathogenese durch das Immunsystem. Daher ist gut vorstellbar, dass immunmodulatorische Therapien neben der Grunderkrankung auch das Malignomrisiko beeinflussen. Arbeiten aus der Grundlagenforschung identifizierten verschiedene immunologische Signalwege, die für die Tumorentstehung bzw. Tumorabwehr relevant sind. Diese Übersichtsarbeit stellt aktuelles Wissen über Effekte des Immunsystems auf die Krebsentstehung dar und versucht, soweit dies möglich ist, das Krebsrisiko unter den vorhandenen Therapieoptionen zu konkretisieren.
The morphology of the mandibular coronoid process does not indicate that Canis lupus chanco is the progenitor to dogs
Authors: Janssens Luc , Miller Rebecca , Van Dongen Stefan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe domestication of wolves is currently under debate. Where, when and from which wolf sub-species dogs originated are being investigated both by osteoarchaeologists and geneticists. While DNA research is rapidly becoming more active and popular, morphological methods have been the gold standard in the past. But even today morphological details are routinely employed to discern archaeological wolves from dogs. One such morphological similarity between Canis lupus chanco and dogs was published in 1977 by Olsen and Olsen. This concerns the “turned back” anatomy of the dorsal part of the vertical ramus of the mandible that was claimed to be specific to domestic dogs and Chinese wolves C. lupus chanco, and “absent from other canids”. Based on this characteristic, C. lupus chanco was said to be the progenitor of Asian and American dogs, and this specific morphology has been continuously used as an argument to assign archaeological specimens, including non-Asian and non-American, to the dog clade. We challenged this statement by examining 384 dog skulls of 72 breeds and 60 skulls of four wolf sub-species. Only 20 % of dog mandibles and 80 % of C. lupus chanco showed the specific anatomy. In addition, 12 % of Canis lupus pallipes mandibles showed the “turned back” morphology. It can be concluded that the shape of the coronoid process of the mandible cannot be used as a morphological trait to determine whether a specimen belongs to a dog or as an argument in favour of chanco as the progenitor to dogs.
A Low‐Protein, High‐Carbohydrate Diet Stimulates Thermogenesis in the Brown Adipose Tissue of Rats via ATF‐2
Authors: de França Suélem A. , dos Santos Maísa P. , Przygodda Franciele , Garófalo Maria Antonieta R. , Kettelhut Isis C. , Magalhães Diego A. , Bezerra Kalinne S. , Colodel Edson M. , Flouris Andreas D. , Andrade Cláudia M. B. , Kawashita Nair H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate thermogenesis in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) of rats submitted to low‐protein, high‐carbohydrate (LPHC) diet and the involvement of adrenergic stimulation in this process. Male rats (~100 g) were submitted to LPHC (6 %‐protein; 74 %‐carbohydrate) or control (C; 17 %‐protein; 63 %‐carbohydrate) isocaloric diets for 15 days. The IBAT temperature was evaluated in the rats before and after the administration of noradrenaline (NA) (20 µg 100 g b w−1 min−1). The expression levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and other proteins involved in the regulation of UCP1 expression were determined by Western blot (Student's t test, P ≤ 0.05). The LPHC diet promoted a 1.1 °C increase in the basal temperature of IBAT when compared with the basal temperature in the IBAT of the C group. NA administration promoted a 0.3 °C increase in basal temperature in the IBAT of the C rats and a 0.5 °C increase in the IBAT of the LPHC group. The level of UCP1 increased 60 % in the IBAT of LPHC‐fed rats, and among the proteins involved in its expression, such as β3‐AR and α1‐AR, there was a 40 % increase in the levels of p38‐MAPK and a 30 % decrease in CREB when compared to the C rats. The higher sympathetic flux to IBAT, which is a consequence of the administration of the LPHC diet to rats, activates thermogenesis and increases the expression of UCP1 in the tissue. Our results suggest that the increase in UCP1 content may occur via p38 MAPK and ATF2.
Shedding light on the dark side of identity: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Crocetti Elisabetta , Beyers Wim , Çok Figen 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe aim of this special issue is to shed light in the dark side of identity formation in adolescence and emerging adulthood, that is, to provide some understanding in what exactly can go wrong in identity development. After summarizing the recent developments in identity development literature, in this introduction the main findings of all thirteen empirical papers are summarized into three overarching themes: (1) lack of identity integration as a risk factor, (2) reconsideration of commitment as a sign of identity uncertainty, and (3) ruminative exploration as another risk factor undermining healthy identity development. Finally, given that all papers in this special issue are based on conference presentations at the 14th Biennial Conference of the European Association for Research on Adolescence (EARA), some more information on that conference is included in this introduction.
Novel diagnostic cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for pathologic subtypes of frontotemporal dementia identified by proteomics
Authors: Teunissen Charlotte E. , Elias Naura , Koel‐Simmelink Marleen J.A. , Durieux‐Lu Sisi , Malekzadeh Arjan , Pham Thang V. , Piersma Sander R. , Beccari Tommaso , Meeter Lieke H.H. , Dopper Elise G.P. , van Swieten John C. , Jimenez Connie R. , Pijnenburg Yolande A.L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionReliable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers enabling identification of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and its pathologic subtypes are lacking.MethodsUnbiased high‐resolution mass spectrometry–based proteomics was applied on CSF of FTD patients with TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43, FTD‐TDP, n = 12) or tau pathology (FTD‐tau, n = 8), and individuals with subjective memory complaints (SMC, n = 10). Validation was performed by applying enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or enzymatic assays, when available, in a larger cohort (FTLD‐TDP, n = 21, FTLD‐tau, n = 10, SMC, n = 23) and in Alzheimer's disease (n = 20), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, n = 20), and vascular dementia (VaD, n = 18).ResultsOf 1914 identified CSF proteins, 56 proteins were differentially regulated (fold change >1.2, P < .05) between the different patient groups: either between the two pathologic subtypes (10 proteins), or between at least one of these FTD subtypes and SMC (47 proteins). We confirmed the differential expression of YKL‐40 by ELISA in a partly independent cohort. Furthermore, enzyme activity of catalase was decreased in FTD subtypes compared with SMC. Further validation in a larger cohort showed that the level of YKL‐40 was twofold increased in both FTD pathologic subtypes compared with SMC and that the levels in FTLD‐tau were higher compared to Alzheimer's dementia (AD), DLB, and VaD patients. Clinical validation furthermore showed that the catalase enzyme activity was decreased in the FTD subtypes compared to SMC, AD and DLB.DiscussionWe identified promising CSF biomarkers for both FTD differential diagnosis and pathologic subtyping. YKL‐40 and catalase enzyme activity should be validated further in similar pathology defined patient cohorts for their use for FTD diagnosis or treatment development.
Regulating side by side: The role of hybrid organisations in transnational environmental sustainability
Authors: Ewert Christian , Maggetti Martino 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe have witnessed a rise of hybrid regulators in transnational governance, and the regimes they form have grown in number, complexity, and importance. They are directly involved in rule making, provide crucial information, and conduct supportive tasks, such as arbitration, certification, or mobilisation, to other rule makers. In our paper, we examine the complex organisational ecology in the transnational governance regime of environmental sustainability, including public, commercial, and civil-society interests. Specifically, we investigate the relationship between the level of hybridisation of regulatory bodies and their degree of specialisation. The analysis of a medium number of cases shows that highly hybridised bodies tend to endorse a bundling role whereas weakly hybridised organisations mostly function as focussing bodies specialising in a very limited number of regulatory tasks. These insights help to understand the evolution of regulatory governance while pointing out the advantages and limitations of this form of transnational governance for the management of complex and interdependent issues such as sustainability.