bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ten-year evolutionary trajectory of a highly recurrent paediatric high grade neuroepithelial tumour with MN1:BEND2 fusion
Authors: Burford Anna , Mackay Alan , Popov Sergey , Vinci Maria , Carvalho Diana , Clarke Matthew , Izquierdo Elisa , Avery Aimee , Jacques Thomas S. , Ingram Wendy J. , Moore Andrew S. , Frawley Kieran , Hassall Timothy E. , Robertson Thomas , Jones Chris 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAstroblastomas are rare brain tumours which predominate in children and young adults, and have a controversial claim as a distinct entity, with no established WHO grade. Reports suggest a better outcome than high grade gliomas, though they frequently recur. Recently, they have been described to overlap with a newly-discovered group of tumours described as’high grade neuroepithelial tumour with MN1 alteration’ (CNS HGNET-MN1), defined by global methylation patterns and strongly associated with gene fusions targeting MN1. We have studied a unique case of astroblastoma arising in a 6 year-old girl, with multiple recurrences over a period of 10 years, with the pathognomonic MN1:BEND2 fusion. Exome sequencing allowed for a phylogenetic reconstruction of tumour evolution, which when integrated with clinical, pathological and radiological data provide for a detailed understanding of disease progression, with initial treatment driving tumour dissemination along four distinct trajectories. Infiltration of distant sites was associated with a later genome doubling, whilst there was evidence of convergent evolution of different lesions acquiring distinct alterations targeting NF-κB. These data represent an unusual opportunity to understand the evolutionary history of a highly recurrent childhood brain tumour, and provide novel therapeutic targets for astroblastoma/CNS HGNET-MN1.
Quantifying the Risk and Cost of Active Monitoring for Infectious Diseases
Authors: Reich Nicholas G. , Lessler Justin , Varma Jay K. , Vora Neil M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDuring outbreaks of deadly emerging pathogens (e.g., Ebola, MERS-CoV) and bioterror threats (e.g., smallpox), actively monitoring potentially infected individuals aims to limit disease transmission and morbidity. Guidance issued by CDC on active monitoring was a cornerstone of its response to the West Africa Ebola outbreak. There are limited data on how to balance the costs and performance of this important public health activity. We present a framework that estimates the risks and costs of specific durations of active monitoring for pathogens of significant public health concern. We analyze data from New York City’s Ebola active monitoring program over a 16-month period in 2014–2016. For monitored individuals, we identified unique durations of active monitoring that minimize expected costs for those at “low (but not zero) risk” and “some or high risk”: 21 and 31 days, respectively. Extending our analysis to smallpox and MERS-CoV, we found that the optimal length of active monitoring relative to the median incubation period was reduced compared to Ebola due to less variable incubation periods. Active monitoring can save lives but is expensive. Resources can be most effectively allocated by using exposure-risk categories to modify the duration or intensity of active monitoring.
Dynamic all-optical drug screening on cardiac voltage-gated ion channels
Authors: Streit Jonas , Kleinlogel Sonja 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVoltage-gated ion channels (VGCs) are prime targets for the pharmaceutical industry, but drug profiling on VGCs is challenging, since drug interactions are confined to specific conformational channel states mediated by changes in transmembrane potential. Here we combined various optogenetic tools to develop dynamic, high-throughput drug profiling assays with defined light-step protocols to interrogate VGC states on a millisecond timescale. We show that such light-induced electrophysiology (LiEp) yields high-quality pharmacological data with exceptional screening windows for drugs acting on the major cardiac VGCs, including hNav1.5, hKv1.5 and hERG. LiEp-based screening remained robust when using a variety of optogenetic actuators (ChR2, ChR2(H134R), CatCh, ChR2-EYFP-βArchT) and different types of organic (RH421, Di-4-ANBDQPQ, BeRST1) or genetic voltage sensors (QuasAr1). The tractability of LiEp allows a versatile and precise alternative to state-of-the-art VGC drug screening platforms such as automated electrophysiology or FLIPR readers.
SDF1 gradient associates with the distribution of c-Kit+ cardiac cells in the heart
Authors: Renko Outi , Tolonen Anna-Maria , Rysä Jaana , Magga Johanna , Mustonen Erja , Ruskoaho Heikki , Serpi Raisa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIdentification of the adult cardiac stem cells (CSCs) has offered new therapeutic possibilities for treating ischemic myocardium. CSCs positive for the cell surface antigen c-Kit are known as the primary source for cardiac regeneration. Accumulating evidence shows that chemokines play important roles in stem cell homing. Here we investigated molecular targets to be utilized in modulating the mobility of endogenous CSCs. In a four week follow-up after experimental acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery of Sprague-Dawley rats c-Kit+ CSCs redistributed in the heart. The number of c-Kit+ CSCs in the atrial c-Kit niche was diminished, whereas increased amount was observed in the left ventricle and apex. This was associated with increased expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF1α), and a significant positive correlation was found between c-Kit+ CSCs and SDF1α expression in the heart. Moreover, the migratory capacity of isolated c-Kit+ CSCs was induced by SDF1 treatment in vitro. We conclude that upregulation of SDF1α after AMI associates with increased expression of endogenous c-Kit+ CSCs in the injury area, and show induced migration of c-Kit+ cells by SDF1.
Redundancy of protein disulfide isomerases in the catalysis of the inactivating disulfide switch in A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 17
Authors: Krossa Sebastian , Scheidig Axel J. , Grötzinger Joachim , Lorenzen Inken 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) can cause the fast release of growth factors and inflammatory mediators from the cell surface. Its activity has to be turned on which occurs by various stimuli. The active form can be inactivated by a structural change in its ectodomain, related to the pattern of the formed disulphide bridges. The switch-off is executed by protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) that catalyze an isomerization of two disulfide bridges and thereby cause a disulfide switch. We demonstrate that the integrity of the CGHC-motif within the active site of PDIs is indispensable. In particular, no major variation is apparent in the activities of the two catalytic domains of PDIA6. The affinities between PDIA1, PDIA3, PDIA6 and the targeted domain of ADAM17 are all in the nanomolar range and display no significant differences. The redundancy between PDIs and their disulfide switch activity in ectodomains of transmembrane proteins foundin vitroappears to be a basic characteristic. However, different PDIs might be requiredin vivofor disulfide switches in different tissues and under different cellular and physiological situations.
Stingless Bee Larvae Require Fungal Steroid to Pupate
Authors: Paludo Camila R. , Menezes Cristiano , Silva-Junior Eduardo A. , Vollet-Neto Ayrton , Andrade-Dominguez Andres , Pishchany Gleb , Khadempour Lily , do Nascimento Fabio S. , Currie Cameron R. , Kolter Roberto , Clardy Jon , Pupo Mônica T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe larval stage of the stingless beeScaptotrigona depilismust consume a specific brood cell fungus in order to continue development. Here we show that this fungus is a member of the genusZygosaccharomycesand provides essential steroid precursors to the developing bee. Insect pupation requires ecdysteroid hormones, and as insects cannot synthesize sterolsde novo, they must obtain steroids in their diet. Larvalin vitroculturing assays demonstrated that consuming ergosterol recapitulates the developmental effects onS. depilisas ingestion ofZygosaccharomycessp. cells. Thus, we determined the molecular underpinning of this intimate mutualistic symbiosis. Phylogenetic analyses showed that similar cases of bee-Zygosaccharomyces symbiosis may exist. This unprecedented case of bee-fungus symbiosis driven by steroid requirement brings new perspectives regarding pollinator-microbiota interaction and preservation.
Natriuretic peptides promote glucose uptake in a cGMP-dependent manner in human adipocytes
Authors: Coué Marine , Barquissau Valentin , Morigny Pauline , Louche Katie , Lefort Corinne , Mairal Aline , Carpéné Christian , Viguerie Nathalie , Arner Peter , Langin Dominique , Rydén Mikael , Moro Cedric 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRobust associations between low plasma level of natriuretic peptides (NP) and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been recently reported in humans. Adipose tissue (AT) is a known target of NP. However it is unknown whether NP signalling in human AT relates to insulin sensitivity and modulates glucose metabolism. We here show in two European cohorts that the NP receptor guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) expression in subcutaneous AT was down-regulated as a function of obesity grade while adipose NP clearance receptor (NPRC) was up-regulated. Adipose GC-A mRNA level was down-regulated in prediabetes and T2D, and negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and fasting blood glucose. We show for the first time that NP promote glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner. This effect is reduced in adipocytes of obese individuals. NP activate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2) and Akt signalling. These effects were totally abrogated by inhibition of cGMP-dependent protein kinase and mTORC1/2 by rapamycin. We further show that NP treatment favoured glucose oxidation and de novo lipogenesis independently of significant gene regulation. Collectively, our data support a role for NP in blood glucose control and insulin sensitivity by increasing glucose uptake in human adipocytes. This effect is partly blunted in obesity.
UPC strategy and implementation for buck–buck/boost PF correction converter
Authors: Memon Abdul Hakeem , Yao Kai 
Published: January 2018

Nowadays, low power factor (PF) is a serious problem that has gained more importance in power electronics area. In this study, a unity PF control (UPC) strategy for boundary conduction mode (BCM) buck–buck/boost PF correction converter is proposed. The proposed control strategy can achieve high PF and low total harmonic distortion by utilising the input and output voltages to modulate the on‐time of both buck and buck/boost switches. The operating principles and comparative analysis of BCM buck–buck/boost converter with conventional non‐UPC and UPC are analysed. For verifying the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, the experimental verifications are carried out from a 100 W universal input prototype.
Analysis of GaN nanoscale FinFET for low power circuit applications
Authors: Das Rajashree , Baishya Srimanta 
Published: January 2018

This work introduces a structure of GaN FinFET at the nanoscale (channel length L = 5 nm) and characterises its performance in low power circuit applications. The simulated outcomes justify its application in circuits having , , and of the order of , , and , respectively, with quality factor Q = 1.11 × 10−5 S‐dec/mV computed at and VDS = 0.5 V. The measured observations are compared with other materials and we observed significant improvement, of the orders of 1 in the case of and 3 in the case of ; while the same for the Q witnesses a growth of 42%, especially with respect to silicon. The prospect of the proposed device architecture has also been investigated by implementing it in the digital circuits such as the inverter and universal logic gates (NAND and NOR gates), where it showed improved performance like high gain and absence of overshoot and undershoot in the switching characteristics.
PTF11mnb: First analog of supernova 2005bf
Authors: Taddia F. , Sollerman J. , Fremling C. , Karamehmetoglu E. , Quimby R. M. , Gal-Yam A. , Yaron O. , Kasliwal M. M. , Kulkarni S. R. , Nugent P. E. , Smadja G. , Tao C. 
Published: January 2018

Aims. We study PTF11mnb, a He-poor supernova (SN) whose light curves resemble those of SN 2005bf, a peculiar double-peaked stripped-envelope (SE) SN, until the declining phase after the main peak. We investigate the mechanism powering its light curve and the nature of its progenitor star.
Methods. Optical photometry and spectroscopy of PTF11mnb are presented. We compared light curves, colors and spectral properties to those of SN 2005bf and normal SE SNe. We built a bolometric light curve and modeled this light curve with the SuperNova Explosion Code (SNEC) hydrodynamical code explosion of a MESA progenitor star and semi-analytic models.
Results. The light curve of PTF11mnb turns out to be similar to that of SN 2005bf until ~50 d when the main (secondary) peaks occur at −18.5 mag. The early peak occurs at ~20 d and is about 1.0 mag fainter. After the main peak, the decline rate of PTF11mnb is remarkably slower than what was observed in SN 2005bf, and it traces well the 56Co decay rate. The spectra of PTF11mnb reveal a SN Ic and have no traces of He unlike in the case of SN Ib 2005bf, although they have velocities comparable to those of SN 2005bf. The whole evolution of the bolometric light curve is well reproduced by the explosion of a massive (Mej = 7.8 M⊙), He-poor star characterized by a double-peaked 56Ni distribution, a total 56Ni mass of 0.59 M⊙, and an explosion energy of 2.2 × 1051 erg. Alternatively, a normal SN Ib/c explosion (M(56Ni) = 0.11 M⊙, EK = 0.2 × 1051 erg, Mej = 1 M⊙) can power the first peak while a magnetar, with a magnetic field characterized by B = 5.0 × 1014 G, and a rotation period of P = 18.1 ms, provides energy for the main peak. The early g-band light curve can be fit with a shock-breakout cooling tail or an extended envelope model from which a radius of at least 30 R⊙ is obtained.
Conclusions. We presented a scenario where PTF11mnb was the explosion of a massive, He-poor star, characterized by a double-peaked 56Ni distribution. In this case, the ejecta mass and the absence of He imply a large ZAMS mass (~85 M⊙) for the progenitor, which most likely was a Wolf-Rayet star, surrounded by an extended envelope formed either by a pre-SN eruption or due to a binary configuration. Alternatively, PTF11mnb could be powered by a SE SN with a less massive progenitor during the first peak and by a magnetar afterward.
Characterization and localization of partial-discharge-induced pulses in fission chambers designed for sodium-cooled fast reactors
Authors: Galli G. , Hamrita H. , Jammes C. , Kirkpatrick M.J. , Odic E. , Dessante Ph. , Molinie Ph. , Cantonnet B. , Nappé J-C. 
Published: January 2018

During the operation of the Superphenix and Phenix reactors, an aberrant electrical signal was detected from the fission chambers used for neutron flux monitoring. This signal, thought to be due to partial electrical discharge (PD) is similar to the signal resulting from neutron interactions, and is generated in fission chambers at temperatures above 400 °C. This paper reports work on the characterization and localization of the source of this electrical signal in a High Temperature Fission Chamber (HTFC).
The relation between the shape of the PD signal and various parameters (nature and pressure of the chamber filling gas, electrode gap distance, and fission chamber geometry) are first described. Next, experiments designed to identify the location within the chambers where the PD are being generated are presented. After verification and refinement of the results of these localization studies, it should be possible to propose changes to the fission chamber in order to reduce or eliminate the PD signal.
Uso da técnica de tubulização para o reparo de lesões do sistema nervoso periférico
Authors: Silva Freitas Thiago da , Flores Leandro Pretto 
Published: January 2018

ResumoAs primeiras cirurgias de nervos periféricos começaram a ser realizadas há mais de 150 anos e precocemente se observou que as suturas término-terminais, quando feitas sob tensão, resultavam em limitados resultados funcionais. A utilização de algum tipo de tecido interposto entre os cotos do nervo traumatizado foi logo idealizada como alternativa e, atualmente, o uso de enxertos neurais autólogos permanece como o “padrão-ouro” para o tratamento de lesões extensas do sistema nervoso periférico. Porém, a técnica apresenta algumas limitações, que resultam em morbidade para o paciente. Esses fatos motivaram o desenvolvimento de materiais alternativos para servir como condutor de enxertos, dando início às pesquisas das técnicas de tubulização. Os tubos biológicos, como veias ou de veias enriquecidas com músculo esquelético, demonstraram resultados favoráveis tanto em estudos clínicos quanto em experimentais. O uso de materiais sintéticos também foi alvo de avaliação, apresentando resultados animadores com os tubos de silicone e de ácido poliglicólico.Esta revisão objetiva descrever a evolução histórica e os resultados dos ensaios clínicos e experimentais obtidos com as técnicas de tubulização para o tratamento das lesões traumáticas do sistema nervoso periférico.
Análise de metaloproteases de matriz extracelular como indicador prognóstico nos gliomas malignos
Authors: da Fonseca Clovis Orlando , Masini Marcos , Schwartsmann Gilberto , Simão Marcela , Futuro Débora , Caetano Regina , Gattass Cerli Rocha , Oliveira Elen de , Quirico-Santos Thereza 
Published: January 2018

Resumo
Introdução: Metaloproteases de matriz extracelular (MMP) são enzimas proteolíticas sintetizadas na fase de fenótipo mais agressivo dos gliomas malignos, degradando proteínas da matriz extracelular, ocasionando ruptura da barreira hematoencefálica e contribuindo para a resposta neuroinflamatória, angiogênese e migração. Estudos mostram expressão de gelatinase A (MMP-2) proeminentemente nas células gliais tumorais, com pouca expressão na microvasculatura, enquanto expressão de gelatinase B (MMP-9) é proeminente na microvasculatura, com pouco sinal nas células tumorais. Objetivo: Neste estudo analisamos amostras de soro de 34 pacientes com gliomas malignos recidivos, antes e durante o tratamento com álcool perílico por via inalatória para determinar se a expressão de MMP poderia ser usada como indicador prognóstico. Métodos: A atividade gelatinase (MMP-2, MMP-9) nas amostras de soro foi determinada por zimografia e a atividade enzimática relativa foi determinada utilizando-se programa de análise densitométrica. Os valores foram correlacionados com exames de imagem e sobrevida dos pacientes. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos em nosso estudo evidenciaram que os pacientes com gliomas malignos apresentaram aumento da expressão de MMP-2 e MMP-9 quando comparados com pacientes saudáveis. Expressão aumentada de MMP-2 foi proporcional à progressão tumoral, sobrevida desfavorável e área de edema peritumoral. Conclusão: Esses resultados indicam proporcionalidade entre a expressão de MMP-2 e a malignidade dos gliomas, sugerindo seu emprego como indicador prognóstico para recorrência tumoral pós-operatória e sobrevida desfavorável dos pacientes.
Xantoastrocitoma pleomórfico na infância: Relato de dois casos
Authors: Tude Melo José Roberto , Bastos de Souza André Luiz Pitanga , Barbosa Pereira Júlio Leonardo , Reis Rodolfo Casimiro , Cardoso de Almeida Marco Antônio 
Published: January 2018

ResumoO xantoastrocitoma pleomórfico é uma neoplasia rara, classificada como grau II ou III pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, a depender do aspecto histopatológico. Descrevemos dois casos de portadores de xantoastrocitoma pleomórfico, cujo tratamento escolhido foi cirúrgico. A associação com quimioterapia foi realizada em um dos pacientes. Haja vista a baixa freqüência desse tipo de neoplasia, torna-se fundamental a realização de novos estudos para o desenvolvimento de protocolos de tratamento que vislumbrem a diminuição da taxa de recidivas.
Meningioma angiomatoso selar tratado por radiocirurgia: Relato de caso
Authors: de Oliveira Brito José Nazareno Pearce , Monti Carlos Roberto , Montemor José Paulo , Ibiapina Jerúsia Oliveira , Gonçalves Aguiar Anna Luyza N. , Batista Burlamaqui Ana Karoline 
Published: January 2018

ResumoOs meningiomas são os tumores cerebrais mesodermais, ocorrendo em 13% a 19% de todos os tumores cerebrais. Cerca de 40% deles ocorrem na base do crânio, na região selar, e 10% nas regiões parasselares, incluindo a região da asa do esfenoide, bulbo olfatório, tubérculo e diafragma selares. É relatado o caso de paciente com meningioma angiomatoso selar, submetido previamente à cirurgia transesfenoidal e, posteriormente, tratado por radiocirurgia estereotáxica. A evolução foi satisfatória, com remissão completa das crises de cefaleia e da ptose preexistente.
Anomalias dos nervos lombossacrais em natimortos a termo. Estudo anatômico
Authors: Carvalho Max Franco de , Rocha Roberta Teixeira , Silva Monteiro João Tiago , Pereira Carlos Umberto , Carvalho Alex Franco de , Prado Reis Francisco do 
Published: January 2018

Resumo
Contexto: Existe controvérsia entre autores quanto à incidência de variações anatômicas dos nervos espinhais lombossacros. A incidência dessas anomalias nervosas varia de 0% a 30% como verificado em estudos anatômicos em cadáveres adultos de diferentes nacionalidades, de 2,0% a 4,0% em estudos de imagem diagnóstica e de 0,34% a 10% em séries cirúrgicas. Objetivo: Determinar a incidência de anomalias anatômicas nos nervos espinhais lombossacros em 40 natimortos a termo de nacionalidade brasileira. Métodos: O segmento lombossacro da coluna vertebral de 40 natimortos, provenientes do laboratório de patologia clínica do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), foi estudado no Laboratório de Neuroanatomia do Departamento de Morfologia da UFS. Foram excluídos aqueles casos que possuíam síndromes ou qualquer defeito orgânico associado. Os espécimes anatômicos foram fixados com solução de formaldeído a 10%, infundida por meio da veia umbilical. As peças foram preparadas com a ressecção em bloco das partes moles dorsais, processos espinhosos e lâminas da décima vértebra torácica até o sacro. Resultado: Neste estudo, foram encontradas seis variações anatômicas dos nervos espinhais lombossacros, em seis diferentes espécimes, de quatro tipos, totalizando 15% das peças. As variações anatômicas dos nervos espinhais lombossacros foram classificadas em oito tipos, sendo a anastomose intradural a mais presente. O quinto nervo lombar foi o mais frequentemente comprometido Não foi observada diferença significativa quanto ao sexo e lado envolvido. Conclusão: O presente estudo enfatiza a importância do conhecimento dessas anomalias anatômicas durante os procedimentos cirúrgicos na região lombossacral, pois não se trata de evento muito raro.
Impacto da utilização do rFVIIa nas hemorragias intracranianas: Revisão da literatura
Authors: Damiani Daniel , Laudanna Natalia , Godoy Roberto 
Published: January 2018

Resumo
Objetivo: Revisão sobre as doenças cerebrovasculares hemorrágicas (DEVH), com ênfase em sua fisiopatologia, avaliando a utilização de um agente hemostático de ação localizada — fator VII recombinante ativado (rFVIIa) — no contexto de agente neuroprotetor. Método: Como ferramenta de busca, utilizamos Medline, Scielo e Cochraine cruzando os termos: “rFVIIa intracranial hemorrhage”; “penumbra zone”; “intracranial trauma rFVIIa”; “hemorrhagic stroke rFVIIa”, selecionados do período de 1995-2008. Avaliamos trabalhos que mostraram a utilização do rFVIIa em situações neurológicas críticas, incluindo traumatismo craniencefálico, hemorragia subaracnóidea, hematomas sub e extradural e hemorragia intraventricular, tendo como parâmetros valores referentes ao tempo de protrombina, tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada e índice de normalização internacional antes e após a utilização desse agente hemostático.