bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacotherapeutical treatment of personality disorders
Authors: Hesselink J.M. Keppel 
Published: July 2016

SummarySince some years it has become evident that objective disturbances can be found in patients suffering from personality disorders. Research findings from earlier date already demonstrated low levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid, especially in patients with personality disorders, under exclusion of depressive features. Furthermore, data have been collected on the correlation between a hyposerotonergic state and disturbances in aggression and impulse control in a variety of syndromes such as automutilation, bulimia nervosa, suicide attempts and various states of drug abuse.However, psychopharmacological research in personality disorders is rare and to date mainly patients with borderline and schizotypical personality disorders have been studied. It is quite remarkable for this area to find more review articles than original contributions based on the results of clinical trials. A great variety of recommendations for pharmacotherapy in these patients exists in literature, among which treatment with carbamazepine, lithium, low-dose neuroleptics, tricyclic antidepressants and serotonin uptake inhibitors. In this article we will analyze the research methodology and the results of clinical trials forming the base for pharmacotherapeutic treatment recommendations.Only the results of well-controlled studies will be reviewed.
The clinical relevance of treatment with antidepressants
Authors: Nolen W.A. 
Published: July 2016

Oince the discovery in the late 1950's of imipramine (Tofranil®), the first tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), and iproniazid, the first monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), many other TCAs and MAOIs, now being considered the classical antidepressants, have become available. Their effectiveness has been shown in numerous studies, although according to nowadays standards well designed studies (placebo-controlled, defined diagnostic groups, the use of standardized rating scales) with these compounds are relatively scarce.From the early 1980's the so called modern antidepressants have been introduced: the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the reversible selective monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors (RIMAs) and a variety of other compounds. All these drugs have been registered after their effectiveness had been shown in well designed, placebo-controlled studies. In defining the efficacy of antidepressants, registration authorities consider two aspects important: statistical evidence and clinical relevance.
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxocara infection in Korean, Manchu, Mongol, and Han ethnic groups in northern China
Authors: YANG G.-L. , ZHANG X.-X. , SHI C.-W. , YANG W.-T. , JIANG Y.-L. , WEI Z.-T. , WANG C.-F. , ZHAO Q. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYToxocariasis is a very prevalent zoonotic disease worldwide. Recently, investigators have focused more on Toxocara spp. seroprevalence in humans. Information regarding Toxocara seroprevalence in people from different ethnic backgrounds in China is limited. For this study, blood samples were collected from a total of 802 Han, 520 Korean, 303 Manchu, and 217 Mongol subjects from Jilin and Shandong provinces. The overall Toxocara seroprevalence was 16·07% (14·21% Han, 20·58% Korean, 11·22% Manchu, 18·89% Mongol). Living in suburban or rural areas, having dogs at home, exposure to soil, and consumption of raw/undercooked meat were risk factors for Toxocara infection. Exposure to soil was identified as the major risk factor for Toxocara seropositivity in all of the tested ethnicities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning Toxocara infection in Manchus and Mongols in China. The present study provided baseline data for effective prevention strategies of toxocariasis in northeast China and recommends improvements in personal hygiene standards to achieve this goal.
An Examination of the Surface and Sub-Surface of Modern and Historical Platinum Photographic Prints Using Low Vacuum High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Ravines Patrick , Erdman Natasha , McElroy Rob 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPhotographic prints of platinum metal on paper supports are some of the most exquisite and expressive in the world of fine art photography. Platinum prints were produced from about 1890 to 1920 in the USA and Europe. The chemical and material nature of these valuable prints is of great interest to many who are interested in their long-term preservation, in the intersection of science and art, and in the scientific and technical study of cultural heritage. This paper presents the results of a characterization study using newer electron microscopy techniques. In this study, a low vacuum high-resolution scanning electron microscope was used to study the surface and sub-surface of historic and modern platinum and/or palladium print samples. Using environmental SEM pressures allowed us to investigate the actual top surface and sub-surface with cross-sections without any preparation; no coatings of carbon or other material. Cross-sections were prepared using an argon plasma cross-polishing system. This study shows that the photographic image of platinum prints is composed of platinum nanoparticles embedded in the upper layers of the paper’s cellulosic fibers.
The missing large impact craters on Ceres
Authors: Marchi S. , Ermakov A. I. , Raymond C. A. , Fu R. R. , O’Brien D. P. , Bland M. T. , Ammannito E. , De Sanctis M. C. , Bowling T. , Schenk P. , Scully J. E. C. , Buczkowski D. L. , Williams D. A. , Hiesinger H. , Russell C. T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAsteroids provide fundamental clues to the formation and evolution of planetesimals. Collisional models based on the depletion of the primordial main belt of asteroids predict 10–15 craters >400 km should have formed on Ceres, the largest object between Mars and Jupiter, over the last 4.55 Gyr. Likewise, an extrapolation from the asteroid Vesta would require at least 6–7 such basins. However, Ceres’ surface appears devoid of impact craters >∼280 km. Here, we show a significant depletion of cerean craters down to 100–150 km in diameter. The overall scarcity of recognizable large craters is incompatible with collisional models, even in the case of a late implantation of Ceres in the main belt, a possibility raised by the presence of ammoniated phyllosilicates. Our results indicate that a significant population of large craters has been obliterated, implying that long-wavelength topography viscously relaxed or that Ceres experienced protracted widespread resurfacing.
Structure-guided development of heterodimer-selective GPCR ligands
Authors: Hübner Harald , Schellhorn Tamara , Gienger Marie , Schaab Carolin , Kaindl Jonas , Leeb Laurin , Clark Timothy , Möller Dorothee , Gmeiner Peter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCrystal structures of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligand complexes allow a rational design of novel molecular probes and drugs. Here we report the structure-guided design, chemical synthesis and biological investigations of bivalent ligands for dopamine D2receptor/neurotensin NTS1receptor (D2R/NTS1R) heterodimers. The compounds of types 1–3 consist of three different D2R pharmacophores bound to an affinity-generating lipophilic appendage, a polyethylene glycol-based linker and the NTS1R agonist NT(8-13). The bivalent ligands show binding affinity in the picomolar range for cells coexpressing both GPCRs and unprecedented selectivity (up to three orders of magnitude), compared with cells that only express D2Rs. A functional switch is observed for the bivalent ligands 3b,c inhibiting cAMP formation in cells singly expressing D2Rs but stimulating cAMP accumulation in D2R/NTS1R-coexpressing cells. Moreover, the newly synthesized bivalent ligands show a strong, predominantly NTS1R-mediated β-arrestin-2 recruitment at the D2R/NTS1R-coexpressing cells.
Genetic variability in a frozen batch of MCF-7 cells invisible in routine authentication affecting cell function
Authors: Kleensang Andre , Vantangoli Marguerite M. , Odwin-DaCosta Shelly , Andersen Melvin E. , Boekelheide Kim , Bouhifd Mounir , Fornace Albert J. , Li Heng-Hong , Livi Carolina B. , Madnick Samantha , Maertens Alexandra , Rosenberg Michael , Yager James D. , Zhao Liang , Hartung Thomas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCommon recommendations for cell line authentication, annotation and quality control fall short addressing genetic heterogeneity. Within the Human Toxome Project, we demonstrate that there can be marked cellular and phenotypic heterogeneity in a single batch of the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 obtained directly from a cell bank that are invisible with the usual cell authentication by short tandem repeat (STR) markers. STR profiling just fulfills the purpose of authentication testing, which is to detect significant cross-contamination and cell line misidentification. Heterogeneity needs to be examined using additional methods. This heterogeneity can have serious consequences for reproducibility of experiments as shown by morphology, estrogenic growth dose-response, whole genome gene expression and untargeted mass-spectroscopy metabolomics for MCF-7 cells. Using Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), differences were traced back to genetic heterogeneity already in the cells from the original frozen vials from the same ATCC lot, however, STR markers did not differ from ATCC reference for any sample. These findings underscore the need for additional quality assurance in Good Cell Culture Practice and cell characterization, especially using other methods such as CGH to reveal possible genomic heterogeneity and genetic drifts within cell lines.
Discovery and characterization of novel small-molecule CXCR4 receptor agonists and antagonists
Authors: Mishra Rama K. , Shum Andrew K. , Platanias Leonidas C. , Miller Richard J. , Schiltz Gary E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe chemokine CXCL12 (SDF-1) and its cognate receptor CXCR4 are involved in a large number of physiological processes including HIV-1 infectivity, inflammation, tumorigenesis, stem cell migration and autoimmune diseases. While previous efforts have identified a number of CXCR4 antagonists, there have been no small molecule agonists reported. Herein, we describe the identification of a novel series of CXCR4 modulators, including the first small molecules to display agonist behavior against this receptor, using a combination of structure- and ligand-based virtual screening. These agonists produce robust calcium mobilization in human melanoma cell lines which can be blocked by the CXCR4-selective antagonist AMD3100. We also demonstrate the ability of these new agonists to induce receptor internalization, ERK activation and chemotaxis, all hallmarks of CXCR4 activation. Our results describe a new series of biologically relevant small molecules that will enable further study of the CXCR4 receptor and may contribute to the development of new therapeutics.
Entanglement classification with matrix product states
Authors: Sanz M. , Egusquiza I. L. , Di Candia R. , Saberi H. , Lamata L. , Solano E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe propose an entanglement classification for symmetric quantum states based on their diagonal matrix-product-state (MPS) representation. The proposed classification, which preserves the stochastic local operation assisted with classical communication (SLOCC) criterion, relates entanglement families to the interaction length of Hamiltonians. In this manner, we establish a connection between entanglement classification and condensed matter models from a quantum information perspective. Moreover, we introduce a scalable nesting property for the proposed entanglement classification, in which the families for N parties carry over to the N + 1 case. Finally, using techniques from algebraic geometry, we prove that the minimal nontrivial interaction length n for any symmetric state is bounded by "Equation missing".
Addition of lysophospholipids with large head groups to cells inhibits Shiga toxin binding
Authors: Ailte Ieva , Lingelem Anne Berit Dyve , Kavaliauskiene Simona , Bergan Jonas , Kvalvaag Audun Sverre , Myrann Anne-Grethe , Skotland Tore , Sandvig Kirsten 
Published: July 2016

AbstractShiga toxin (Stx), an AB5 toxin, binds specifically to the neutral glycosphingolipid Gb3 at the cell surface before being transported into cells. We here demonstrate that addition of conical lysophospholipids (LPLs) with large head groups inhibit Stx binding to cells whereas LPLs with small head groups do not. Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI 18:0), the most efficient LPL with the largest head group, was selected for in-depth investigations to study how the binding of Stx is regulated. We show that the inhibition of Stx binding by LPI is reversible and possibly regulated by cholesterol since addition of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (mβCD) reversed the ability of LPI to inhibit binding. LPI-induced inhibition of Stx binding is independent of signalling and membrane turnover as it occurs in fixed cells as well as after depletion of cellular ATP. Furthermore, data obtained with fluorescent membrane dyes suggest that LPI treatment has a direct effect on plasma membrane lipid packing with shift towards a liquid disordered phase in the outer leaflet, while lysophosphoethanolamine (LPE), which has a small head group, does not. In conclusion, our data show that cellular treatment with conical LPLs with large head groups changes intrinsic properties of the plasma membrane and modulates Stx binding to Gb3.
Production of full-length soluble Plasmodium falciparum RH5 protein vaccine using a Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 stable cell line system
Authors: Hjerrild Kathryn A. , Jin Jing , Wright Katherine E. , Brown Rebecca E. , Marshall Jennifer M. , Labbé Geneviève M. , Silk Sarah E. , Cherry Catherine J. , Clemmensen Stine B. , Jørgensen Thomas , Illingworth Joseph J. , Alanine Daniel G. W. , Milne Kathryn H. , Ashfield Rebecca , de Jongh Willem A. , Douglas Alexander D. , Higgins Matthew K. , Draper Simon J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5) has recently emerged as a leading candidate antigen against the blood-stage human malaria parasite. However it has proved challenging to identify a heterologous expression platform that can produce a soluble protein-based vaccine in a manner compliant with current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP). Here we report the production of full-length PfRH5 protein using a cGMP-compliant platform called ExpreS2, based on a Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 (S2) stable cell line system. Five sequence variants of PfRH5 were expressed that differed in terms of mutagenesis strategies to remove potential N-linked glycans. All variants bound the PfRH5 receptor basigin and were recognized by a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Analysis following immunization of rabbits identified quantitative and qualitative differences in terms of the functional IgG antibody response against the P. falciparum parasite. The antibodies induced by one protein variant were shown to be qualitatively similar to responses induced by other vaccine platforms. This work identifies Drosophila S2 cells as a clinically-relevant platform suited for the production of ‘difficult-to-make’ proteins from Plasmodium parasites, and identifies a PfRH5 sequence variant that can be used for clinical production of a non-glycosylated, soluble full-length protein vaccine immunogen.
Do symptom-based questions help screen COPD among Chinese populations?
Authors: Zhang Qun , Wang Min , Li Xiaona , Wang Hong , Wang Jianming 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSpirometry is required to confirm a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnosis, but it is difficult to perform in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to evaluate symptom-based questions for screening of individuals with COPD among Chinese populations. We recruited 3969 adult subjects from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Spirometric measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were collected to confirm the COPD diagnosis. A symptom-based questionnaire was administered to collect data related to COPD. The sensitivity and specificity together with the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. The traditional IPAG eight-item questionnaire yielded an AUC of 0.80(95% CI: 0.78–0.82), with a sensitivity of 67.8% and specificity of 76.8%. After removing and adding questions, a revised eleven-item questionnaire exhibited a significantly increased diagnostic accuracy, with an AUC of 0.85(95% CI: 0.84–0.87). At the inflection point of the curve, it demonstrated a sensitivity of 82.5% and specificity of 72.9%. We showed that the revised symptom-based questionnaire could be used to screen individuals with a high likelihood of COPD among Chinese populations. Further validation is required before we claim it is a useful diagnostic for primary care populations.
Percutaneous Reduction and Fixation with Kirschner Wires versus Open Reduction Internal Fixation for the Management of Calcaneal Fractures: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Jianbin , Zhou Feiya , Yang Lei , Tan Jun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe aim of our meta-analysis was to compare outcomes for two surgical treatments of calcaneal fractures, percutaneous reduction and fixation with Kirschner wires (PRFK) and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), with the intent of evaluating the quality of evidence to inform practice. Search of MEDLINE, Cochrane and CNKI databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PRKF and ORIF on the following outcomes: post-operative function, complications and quality of the reduction. Odd ratios (OR) and weighted mean differences were pooled using either a fixed-effects or random-effects model, depending on the heterogeneity of the trials included in the analysis. Eighteen RCTs provided the data from 1407 patients. PRFK was associated with a lower risk of surgical wound complications and ORIF with better post-operative function, angle of Gissane, calcaneal height and calcaneal width. There were no statistically significant differences between the techniques with regards to post-operative Böhler’s angle. PRFK does not provide a substantive advantage over ORIF for the treatment of calcaneal fractures in adults. PRFK may, however, yield comparable functional outcomes to ORIF for closed Sanders type II calcaneal fractures but with less complication related to surgical wound healing.
Generation of femtosecond γ-ray bursts stimulated by laser-driven hosing evolution
Authors: Ma Yong , Chen Liming , Li Dazhang , Yan Wenchao , Huang Kai , Chen Min , Sheng Zhengming , Nakajima Kazuhisa , Tajima Toshiki , Zhang Jie 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe promising ability of a plasma wiggler based on laser wakefield acceleration to produce betatron X-rays with photon energies of a few keV to hundreds of keV and a peak brilliance of 1022–1023 photons/s/mm2/mrad2/0.1%BW has been demonstrated, providing an alternative to large-scale synchrotron light sources. Most methods for generating betatron radiation are based on two typical approaches, one relying on an inherent transverse focusing electrostatic field, which induces transverse oscillation, and the other relying on the electron beam catching up with the rear part of the laser pulse, which results in strong electron resonance. Here, we present a new regime of betatron γ-ray radiation generated by stimulating a large-amplitude transverse oscillation of a continuously injected electron bunch through the hosing of the bubble induced by the carrier envelope phase (CEP) effect of the self-steepened laser pulse. Our method increases the critical photon energy to the MeV level, according to the results of particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The highly collimated, energetic and femtosecond γ-ray bursts that are produced in this way may provide an interesting potential means of exploring nuclear physics in table top photo nuclear reactions.
Stochastic ice stream dynamics
Authors: Mantelli Elisa , Bertagni Matteo Bernard , Ridolfi Luca 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Ice streams form the backbone of the flow field of ice sheets. They are known to exhibit a complex spatiotemporal dynamics, which is largely not well understood. Understanding the controls on such dynamics is crucial to sea level change projections as well as to the interpretation of paleorecords. Our contribution unravels the impact of climate variability on the temporal dynamics of ice streams. In particular, we show that minimal, and at the same time realistic, random fluctuations due to climate variability are capable of producing unprecedented behaviors in ice stream dynamics. These results may open a new perspective on the past and future behavior of ice sheets.
Reduced nighttime transpiration is a relevant breeding target for high water-use efficiency in grapevine
Authors: Coupel-Ledru Aude , Lebon Eric , Christophe Angélique , Gallo Agustina , Gago Pilar , Pantin Florent , Doligez Agnès , Simonneau Thierry 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Breeding crops with more biomass produced per drop of water transpired is a key challenge in the context of climate change. However, the tight coupling between transpiration and carbon assimilation during the day makes it challenging to decrease water loss without altering photosynthesis and reducing crop yield. We tested whether reducing transpiration at night when photosynthesis is inactive could substantially reduce water loss without altering growth—a hypothesis that, to our knowledge, has never been genetically addressed in any species. By studying a whole progeny in grapevine, a major crop for drought-prone areas, we identified genomic regions where selection could be operated to reduce transpiration at night and maintain growth. This opens new horizons for breeding crops with higher water-use efficiency.
Caring for a Living
Authors: Degiuli Francesca 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The world of today is aging and is doing so at a great speed. People are living longer and this represents one of the greatest achievements of the past century, but often an extension of life expectancy does not correspond with an extension of healthy lives. Aging populations, particularly those with a high percentage of oldest old, are often burdened with chronic conditions that require extended long-term care. Who is going to provide this care and in what forms are key problems that will soon affect a growing number of postindustrial and mid-income countries. This book explores the organization of long-term care in Italy, a country already in the midst of an eldercare crisis. There the answer to this problem has taken the shape of home eldercare assistance, an arrangement whereby long-term care services are bought in the market in the form of private and individualized assistance by families sometimes with economic support provided by the state. The providers of these services, commonly known as badanti (minders), are, for the most part, immigrant women, less often men, coming from different areas of the world. Caring for a Living analyzes the global, regional, and local processes that participated in the development of this new organization of care, paying close attention to the role that the state, Italian families, and the workers themselves play in shaping and in defining it.