bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophil count testing in patients with asthma varies by healthcare provider type in the US: a retrospective study
Authors: Mathur Sameer , Corbridge Thomas , Packnett Elizabeth , Jariwala-Parikh Krutika , Deb Arijita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype may be eligible for additional treatment options to improve disease control; however, the prevalence and frequency of eosinophil testing is unknown. This study assessed blood eosinophil count testing prevalence in patients with asthma by exacerbation frequency and healthcare provider (HCP) type.

Methods
This was a retrospective, longitudinal, real-world study (GSK ID: 214470) utilizing the Merative Explorys® Universe electronic health records database. Eligible patients had ≥ 2 asthma diagnostic codes (January 2016–December 2018) (Index date: first asthma diagnosis). Outcomes included patient demographics and clinical characteristics (12 months pre-index [baseline]), and prevalence of blood eosinophil count testing, stratified by exacerbation frequency (infrequent exacerbations [< 2]) or frequent exacerbations [≥ 2] or primary HCP (Allergist/Pulmonologist, a primary care physician [PCP] or other HCP) during the 12 months post-index (follow-up).

Results
Of 400,254 patients included (mean age: 51.2 years; 70.8% female), the most common provider type at baseline was a PCP (76.8%). A higher proportion of patients with frequent exacerbations had blood eosinophil count tests at baseline (55.4–69.5%) and follow-up (67.9–75.1%), compared with patients with infrequent exacerbations (55.5–63.7%, 62.4–67.3%). Significantly more patients in the Allergist/Pulmonologist subgroup had ≥ 1 blood eosinophil count test result compared with patients in the PCP subgroup at both baseline (59.9% vs. 50.7%; p < 0.001) and follow-up (59.0% vs. 56.2%; p < 0.001). In the total population, the mean (SD) number of tests ordered was 3.4 (5.3) and 4.1 (6.4) during the baseline and follow-up periods, respectively. A greater mean number of tests were ordered for patients with frequent exacerbations, most apparently in the Allergist/Pulmonologist subgroup during baseline and follow-up (7.4 vs. 4.9). For patients with frequent exacerbations and blood eosinophil count test results, the mean (SD) number of tests ranged from 3.1 (4.6) to 5.8 (8.3) at baseline and 5.1 (8.5) to 7.4 (10.6) during follow-up.

Conclusions
The prevalence of blood eosinophil count testing in patients with asthma remains suboptimal. Routine blood eosinophil count testing should be considered by HCPs for patients with asthma to increase identification of the eosinophilic asthma phenotype, which may inform the decision to advance to targeted biologic therapy.
An adaptive 6-dimensional floating-search multi-station seismic-event detector (A6-DFMSD) and its application to low-frequency earthquakes in the East Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany
Authors: Koushesh Konun , Ritter Joachim R. R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe introduce a seismic event detector that applies signal analysis in the time and frequency domains. Signals are searched for with matching coincidences at neighbouring recording stations in space and time. No a priori waveform information is needed for the Adaptive 6-Dimensional Floating-search Multi-station Seismic-event Detector (A6-DFMSD). It combines a short / long time average algorithm (STA/LTA), frequency range selection, energy envelope matching, and backprojection techniques to find a robust detection model. As a challenging test example, the new detector is tuned and applied to a dataset with five months of microearthquake (ML < 2) recordings in the East Eifel Volcanic Field (EEVF), Germany. There, both magmatic and tectonic earthquakes occur in a depth range between 3 km and 43 km. A6-DFMSD detected 4.3 times as many events as were already known and it discovered a previously unknown event cluster. After manual localization and classification of the events, we show that A6-DFMSD finds events of different origins: tectonic, magmatic, atmospheric, and anthropogenic. In particular, low-frequency (LF) earthquakes of magmatic origin with a complicated waveform coda are very well identified. We suggest that seismological networks monitoring local seismicity in similar target zones would benefit from the use of A6-DFMSD to allow the detection of a wide range of different seismic signals.
Diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound in obstetric anesthesia and critical care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Sjaus Ana , Young Laura V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has gained popularity as a bedside diagnostic imaging modality. In obstetrical populations, particularly in acute care settings, POCUS serves as a valuable complement to clinical assessment. Despite its many applications, only a few have been defined and validated in the obstetric population. This scoping review aims to delineate literature on the diagnostic applications of POCUS in obstetric anesthesia and critical care.

Methods
This review will adhere to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews, as updated by Arksey and O’Malley and in stages elaborated by Levac et al. Relevant literature will be identified using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), keyword, and proximity searches and combined using Boolean operators in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from January 1, 2000, to the present. Two independent reviewers will screen literature against predefined eligibility criteria in abstract and full-text forms. A third reviewer will be consulted if consensus cannot be reached. Data extraction will be systematic, focusing on pre-specified variables aligned with the review’s aims. Descriptive statistical and thematic analysis will follow data extraction, with findings presented in graphical and tabular forms. The reporting will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).

Conclusion
This review will present the scope of the current literature on diagnostic POCUS in obstetric anesthesia and critical care, highlighting both strengths and gaps in existing knowledge. The insights gained will support future research, knowledge synthesis, and development of educational programs. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications, conferences, and social media platforms.

Systematic review registration
Not applicable.
Microstructural Analysis of the Effect of Using Nano-silica on the Mechanical Properties of Cement–Sand Mortar Under the Effect of Heat
Authors: Nasehi Ghashouieh Motahereh , Malekinejad Mohsen , Amiri Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe performance of cement-based materials depends on the characteristics of solid particles at the nano-scale or nanometer porosities in the interfacial transition zone between cement particles and aggregate. Heat significantly affects the properties of these particles and the connection between them. Accordingly, the present study seeks to investigate the effect of nano-silica on the strength parameters of sand–cement mortar at high temperatures. In this regard, the sand–cement mortar was prepared by replacing 5, 10, and 15 percent of cement with nano-silica. The specimens were subjected to temperatures of 25, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 °C after curing at the ages of 3, 28, and 90 days. The effect of high temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of sand–cement mortar was analyzed using macro-structural tests of compressive strength, loss in weight, and water absorption, and microstructural tests of X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the macro-structural behavior of sand–cement mortar highly depends on the microstructure and changes in cement nanostructures during heat treatment. Primary portlandite and C–S–H nanostructure were destroyed at 600 °C, and alite, belite, and β-wollastonite were formed at 800 °C. Adding nano-silica improved the strength properties of sand–cement mortar against heat, so the compressive strength of 28-day specimens containing 15% nano-silica increased from 13.9 to 19.2 MPa at a temperature of 800 °C.
A single-stranded based library preparation method for virome characterization
Authors: Zhai Xichuan , Gobbi Alex , Kot Witold , Krych Lukasz , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Deng Ling 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The gut virome is an integral component of the gut microbiome, playing a crucial role in maintaining gut health. However, accurately depicting the entire gut virome is challenging due to the inherent diversity of genome types (dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, and ssRNA) and topologies (linear, circular, or fragments), with subsequently biases associated with current sequencing library preparation methods. To overcome these problems and improve reproducibility and comparability across studies, universal or standardized virome sequencing library construction methods are highly needed in the gut virome study.

Results
We repurposed the ligation-based single-stranded library (SSLR) preparation method for virome studies. We demonstrate that the SSLR method exhibits exceptional efficiency in quantifying viral DNA genomes (both dsDNA and ssDNA) and outperforms existing double-stranded (Nextera) and single-stranded (xGen, MDA + Nextera) library preparation approaches in terms of minimal amplification bias, evenness of coverage, and integrity of assembling viral genomes. The SSLR method can be utilized for the simultaneous library preparation of both DNA and RNA viral genomes. Furthermore, the SSLR method showed its ability to capture highly modified phage genomes, which were often lost using other library preparation approaches.

Conclusion
We introduce and improve a fast, simple, and efficient ligation-based single-stranded DNA library preparation for gut virome study. This method is compatible with Illumina sequencing platforms and only requires ligation reagents within 3-h library preparation, which is similar or even better than the advanced library preparation method (xGen). We hope this method can be further optimized, validated, and widely used to make gut virome study more comparable and reproducible.
Amplification of
MYC
and Its Enhancer Correlates With Genetic Ancestry in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jain Sejal , Bai Xuechun , Mallick Samyukta , Kinghorn Branden , May Benjamin , Yao Alexandria G. , Allen-Gipson Diane , Zhang Xiaoyang , Henick Brian S. , Momen-Heravi Fatemeh , Carrot-Zhang Jian , Taylor Alison M. 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE
In lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), Black patients show significantly higher incidence and lower overall survival than White patients. Although socioeconomic factors likely contribute to this survival disparity, genomic factors have yet to be elucidated in LUSC.

METHODS
Using 416 LUSC tumor samples in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we assessed genomic and transcriptomic profiles by ancestry. We replicated our analyses in pan-cancer data from TCGA, the American Association of Cancer Research (AACR) Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE), and Columbia University Medical Center.

RESULTS

We found increased
MYC
amplification, LUSC-specific
MYC
enhancer amplification, and chromosome arm 8q (chr8q) gain to be significantly associated with genetic AFR (African) ancestry in LUSC in TCGA. Furthermore, expression of
MYC
target genes was significantly enriched in AFR samples. Local ancestry analysis identified correlation of chr8q gain with AFR ancestry at the
MYC
locus in TCGA. We also found a significant correlation between chr8q and AFR ancestry in multiple cancer types and pan-cancer in TCGA. Similarly, in a pan-cancer subset of AACR GENIE data, we found a significant correlation between chr8q gain and race.

CONCLUSION

Together, our data suggest that ancestry may influence amplification of not only
MYC
but also its enhancer in LUSC. They also suggest a role for genetic ancestry in chr8q aneuploidy in cancer. These studies further define and expand patients who may benefit from future anti-
MYC
therapeutic approaches.
Private Optimal Inventory Policy Learning for Feature-Based Newsvendor with Unknown Demand
Authors: Zhao Tuoyi , Zhou Wen-Xin , Wang Lan 
Published: October 2024

The data-driven newsvendor problem with features has recently emerged as a significant area of research, driven by the proliferation of data across various sectors such as retail, supply chains, e-commerce, and healthcare. Given the sensitive nature of customer or organizational data often used in feature-based analysis, it is crucial to ensure individual privacy to uphold trust and confidence. Despite its importance, privacy preservation in the context of inventory planning remains unexplored. A key challenge is the nonsmoothness of the newsvendor loss function, which sets it apart from existing work on privacy-preserving algorithms in other settings. This paper introduces a novel approach to estimating a privacy-preserving optimal inventory policy within the f-differential privacy framework, an extension of the classical [Formula: see text]-differential privacy with several appealing properties. We develop a clipped noisy gradient descent algorithm based on convolution smoothing for optimal inventory estimation to simultaneously address three main challenges: (i) unknown demand distribution and nonsmooth loss function, (ii) provable privacy guarantees for individual-level data, and (iii) desirable statistical precision. We derive finite-sample high-probability bounds for optimal policy parameter estimation and regret analysis. By leveraging the structure of the newsvendor problem, we attain a faster excess population risk bound compared with that obtained from an indiscriminate application of existing results for general nonsmooth convex loss. Our bound aligns with that for strongly convex and smooth loss function. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed new method can achieve desirable privacy protection with a marginal increase in cost. This paper was accepted by J. George Shanthikumar, data science. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants DMS-2113409 and DMS 2401268 to W.-X. Zhou, and FRGMS-1952373 to L. Wang]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01268 .
Unveiling Regulatory Operations: A Data Set of the Determinants, Process, and Outcomes of Product Defect Investigations by the U.S. Automotive Safety Regulator
Authors: Damavandi Hoorsana , Astvansh Vivek 
Published: October 2024

Problem definition: The paucity of data on governmental regulatory agencies’ product safety defect investigations has restricted our knowledge about (1) the determinants of a regulator’s decisions to open or close an investigation, (2) the process it follows between opening and closing of an investigation, and (3) the outcomes of the investigation when it is closed. Methodology/results: The authors view a safety regulator’s opening and closing of a product defect investigation as a decision of interest to the operations management discipline. This data paper describes a rich, novel, and hand-collected data set of all investigations that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration—the U.S. regulator for automobile safety—opened and closed against 187 manufacturers between 2009 and 2021. The authors provide two Microsoft Excel data files, one capturing data for the investigations opened and the other for the investigations closed. The data files enable researchers to address three sets of research questions. First, researchers can use the “Data on Investigations Opened” file to model the determinants of a regulator’s opening of a product defect investigation. Second, researchers can mine the textual variables from both files to identify the steps involved in the investigation process. They can also use the process variables included in the data to investigate the regulator’s efficiency in opening and closing investigations. Third, researchers can use the “Data on Investigations Closed” file to better understand when and why a regulator closes an investigation and the outcomes of the closed investigations. Managerial implications: The data files can also be valuable to nonacademic stakeholders (e.g., governmental organizations and regulators, journalists, liability lawyers, politicians, and safety advocates). The authors provide an open-access website that simplifies the use of the data for a nonacademic audience and allows them to draw insights from the data via graphs and tables. Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0705 .
FOTO SENSÍVEL: Mundos possíveis, além das lembranças da Armação
Authors: Guimarães Cristiane 
Published: October 2024

O texto sintetiza uma experiência narrativa envolvendo a linguagem audiovisual, tendo como disparador um documentário produzido no bairro da Armação do Pântano do Sul, na Ilha de Santa Catarina, que versa sobre narrativas de memórias de personagens do bairro. Situa brevemente a experiência no âmbito de políticas públicas específicas e que se desenharam historicamente nos últimos anos. Busca, também, detalhar os desdobramentos de um projeto de letramentos realizado no cotidiano escolar aqui alargado ao entorno da escola, ao mundo da vida, permitindo articular e produzir sentidos outros, constituindo-se como prática pedagógica rica em interações sociais, troca de experiências e registros em diferentes linguagens. Levanta, portanto, indagações sobre os modos que tais experiências narrativas desafiam as práticas didáticas, atravessando os cotidianos escolares e currículos, redesenhando seus muros visíveis e invisíveis. A experiência narrativa evidencia a importância fundamental das linguagens, no caso o audiovisual, para fazer significar e ampliar a concepção de letramentos contemporâneos e o compromisso com uma formação escolar mais humana e cidadã.
POR UMA ECOESTÉTICA RESSOANTE: Nos cotidianos da educação
Authors: Catunda Marta Bastos 
Published: October 2024

Apresenta-se a ecoestética como conceito do gesto político de educar e a partir da explanação metodológica evidenciada em práticas pedagógicas/educativas sensíveis; expressar reverberações na ambiência escolar entretecendo vivo universo de relações.
Musculoskeletal surgeons have implicit bias towards the biomedical paradigm of human illness
Authors: Ramtin Sina , Rajagopalan Dayal , Ring David , Crijns Tom , Jayakumar Prakash 
Published: October 2024

Background
Evidence is mounting that the biopsychosocial paradigm is more accurate and useful than the biomedical paradigm of care. Habits of thought can hinder the implementation of this knowledge into daily care strategies. To understand and lessen these potential barriers, we asked: 1) What is the relative implicit and explicit attitudes of musculoskeletal surgeons towards the biomedical or biopsychosocial paradigms of medicine? 2) What surgeon factors are associated with these attitudes?

Methods
An online survey-based experiment was distributed to members of the Science of Variation Group (SOVG) with a total of 163 respondents. Implicit bias towards the biomedical or biopsychosocial paradigms was measured using an Implicit Association Test (IAT) designed by our team using open-source software; explicit preferences were measured using ordinal scales.

Results
On average, surgeons demonstrated a moderate implicit bias towards the biomedical paradigm (d-score: -0.21; Interquartile range [IQR]: -0.56 to 0.19) and a moderate explicit preference towards the biopsychosocial paradigm (mean: 14; standard deviation: 14). A greater implicit bias towards the biomedical paradigm was associated with male surgeons (d-score: -0.30; IQR: -0.57 to 0.14; P = 0.005). A greater explicit preference towards the biomedical paradigm was independently associated with a European practice location (Regression coefficient: -9.1; 95% CI: -14 to -4.4; P <0.001) and trauma subspecialty (RC: -6.2; 95% CI: -11 to -1.0; P <0.001).

Conclusions
The observation that surgeons have an implicit bias favoring the biomedical paradigm might inform strategies for implementation of care strategies based on evidence favoring the biopsychosocial paradigm.
Frailty prevalence in older adults with atrial fibrillation: A cross-sectional study in a resource-limited setting
Authors: Colchado Vallejos José Guillermo , Quirós López Gonzalo Daniel , Tello Rodríguez Tania , Anchante Hernández Henry 
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives
Frailty is a common condition among older adults and is associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes, including mortality, disability, dysmobility, falls, and hospitalization. In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), these risks are further exacerbated. However, evidence linking AF and frailty, particularly in the South American context, is limited. This study aimed to assess frailty and other geriatric conditions in older outpatients with atrial fibrillation in a resource-limited setting in Lima, Peru.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we included adults aged 60 years and older diagnosed with atrial fibrillation who were attending outpatient check-ups. Patients who were hospitalized, receiving chemotherapy induction, or presenting with acute infections or exacerbations were excluded. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess frailty, cognitive impairment, and functional dependence. Statistical analysis was performed using R Studio version 4.3.1, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.

Results
Among the 200 patients who agreed to participate (mean age 74.76 ± 8.42 years, 41% females), 28.5% exhibited frailty, and 46.5% were classified as prefrail. Frailty and prefrailty were significantly associated with older age (p<0.01), female gender (p = 0.01), illiteracy (p<0.01), heart failure (p<0.01), falls (p<0.05), cognitive impairment (p<0.01), and functional dependence (p<0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between frailty and cognitive impairment (p<0.05), frailty and functional dependence (p<0.05), and cognitive impairment and functional dependence (p<0.05).

Conclusions
One-third of older outpatients with atrial fibrillation were identified as frail, while half were classified as prefrail. In this population, frailty frequently coexists with cognitive impairment and functional dependence, highlighting the need for timely screening and the implementation of evidence-based interventions for individuals with atrial fibrillation in resource-limited settings.