bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uropathogenic Bacterial Detection and Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Urine Specimens Referred to Al anbar Province
Authors: Almawla Saleem Obaid Gatia , Rajab Nabeel Ahmed , Edan Ali Ebrahim , Mohammed Abdualah Thabit 
Published: October 2024

For clinicians treating patients, antimicrobial resistance is becoming a significant concern. This brief study was therefore conducted to find out how common it is for bacterial isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs (MDR), XDR, and PDR, as well as extensively drug-resistant (XDR), in Anbar hospital. The microbiology department cultivated the clinical samples and identified the bacterial strains. The detection of MDR, XDR, and PDR microorganisms was accomplished by analyzing the antibiotic susceptibility profile of various bacterial isolates. 257 children and adult patients from both sexes were included in this study. The total number of urine samples that gave positive bacterial culture results were 114 (44.4%) and the number of samples that gave negative results was 143(55.6%) . The antibiotic susceptibility profile of 114 bacterial strains was studied. 90(78.9) of gram-negative bacteria strains were MDR, (8.9%) (72.2%) XDR, and (18.9%) PDR was isolated. 24 (21.1%) Gram positive bacterial egative bacteria strains were MDR, (33.3%) (54.2%) XDR, and (12.5%) PDR was isolated. To effectively combat the threat of antibiotic resistance, all clinical microbiology laboratories need to closely monitor MDR, XDR, and PDR.
Using Gagene's Model for Enhancing EFL Students Innovative Thinking
Authors: Araf Israa Ibraheem , Hameed Dunia Tahir 
Published: October 2024

Gagne's model of instructional design is based on the information processing model of the mental events that occur when adults are presented with various stimuli and focuses on the learning outcomes and how to arrange specific instructional events to achieve those outcomes. Innovative thinking is the ability to create something new. This study aims at, assessing the average level of the (4th) year secondary school students' achievement in thinking skill; finding out if there is any significant difference between the achievement of the experimental and control group in the posttest; finding out if there is any significant difference between the experimental group's achievement at the recognition and the production levels in the posttest; finding out if there is any significant difference among the five variables, vocabulary, grammar, clarity, accuracy and precision. In order to fulfill the aims of the study, the following null hypotheses have been posted; there is a statistically significant difference between the average level of the students' achievement and theoretical level of achievement in the posttest; there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the control group, who are taught according to the conventional method and the mean scores of the experimental group who are taught according to the conventional method and the mean scores of the experimental group who are taught by using of Gagne’s Model; there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group's achievement at the recognition and the production levels in the posttest; there is a statistically significant difference between students' mean scores of the five variables, vocabulary, grammar, clarity, accuracy and precision in the posttest.
Study the Different Antioxidants Effects on Serum Quality in Dogs
Authors: Al-Dean Sumaya Loay Mohamed Shams , Hammoud Sura Shakir 
Published: October 2024

Dogs frequently have subfertility linked to poor semen quality (high percentage of morphologically defective spermatozoa, low rate of gradual mobility and total number of sperm .To examine the anti-oxidative effect of various concentratuons of NAC on cryopreservation in dogs sperm.The animals are divided into three groups: C0, C1 and C2. C0 receives the 0mM NAC, C1 receives 0.35mM and C2 receives 0.85mM. The physical characteristics studied of the spêrm include ejaculated volume, semen color, motility of sperms, percentage of dead sperms and abnormal sperms. After physical evaluation, the samples are diluted with Tri’s diluter. The tris diluter is egg-yolk glycerol. The samples are then cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (-196 C) from October to December. A total of 50 samples are calculated and prepared for freezing in the following way:The motility of sperm is high for 0.35mM dose of NAC, and not very different in the control group and 0.85mM NAC group. The motility is significantly different for 0.35NAC as compared to the other two groups. The p-value (< 0.05) shows the significant difference between the motility of 0.35 NAC and other groups. The sperm viability is highest in the 0.35mM NAC group (30.34). The viability of sperm is highest at 0.85mM. The membrane integrity is highest in 0.35mM NAC, while lowest in the control group( p<0.05).In conclusion, dogs sperm cells can be shielded from oxidative stress by using moderate dosages of NAC supplied in Tris extender without negatively affecting dog semen's ability to freeze.
Phytochemical Study and Clinical Evaluation of Herbal Formula as Obesity Management
Authors: Sanad Wisam Ghazi , Karkoosh Saja Ismael , Abbas Ibrahim Salih , Bader Qasim Allawi 
Published: October 2024

Objective: Obesity is a significant global public health issue, affecting 39% of overweight and 13% of obese adults, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The objective of this study was included preliminary screening of main active compounds with clinical evaluation of herbal formula used in traditional medicine for obesity management. Methods. The methods for this study were included investigation of main active compounds in extracts of line seeds (Linum usitatissimum L.), Celery seeds (Apium graveoleus L.) Husk seeds (Plantago ovata L.) and marshmallow flower (Althea officinalis L.) Also this study contained the clinical evaluation of effects of herbal formula for obesity. The study involved two groups of participants who were given a herbal formula capsule for a duration of 8 weeks. The dosage consisted of one capsule (500mg) taken three times a day after meals. The second group was simultaneously treated with metformin, with a dosage of one tablet (500mg) provided twice daily after meals. Results: The results were referred to flavonoids glycosides which presented in all plants extracts, while other active compounds distributed differently among plants. The results of clinical study were referred to significant reduction in weight, BMI, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL – C and VLDL with significant increasing of HDL. Conclusion: The herbal mixture may exert beneficial effects on both body mass index and serum lipids profile in humans, which can be linked to its flavonoids and antioxidant components.
Detection Of Escherichia Coli Virulence Genes ( Pap , Afa , Iha Ipr2 And Hly ) Isolated From Patients With Urinary Tract Infections In Babylon Province, Iraq
Authors: Kadhim Iman J , Hawani Israa Abed Ali Al 
Published: October 2024

The current study included a collection of 110 urine samples of both sexes of different ages for patients with urinary tract infections, who consulted Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital and the Children and Maternity Hospital in Al-Hilla city, through the period from May 2020 to December 2020, to investigate some virulence factors associated with Escherichia coli bacterium. The results of the biochemical tests revealed that 74 (67.3%) isolates were belonging to E. coli that was isolated from the urine samples. The results also indicated that the females were more infected 47 (63.5 %) with urinary tract infections than males 27 (36.4 %). Some virulence factor genes have also been investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, which are (pap, afa, iha, ipr2 and hly genes). The PCR results for E.coli genes revealed that, 11 isolates contain pap gene (7 ( 14.8 %) and 4 ( 14.8 %)), while 9 isolates possesses afa gene ( 6 ( 12.7 %) and 3 ( 11.1 %)), whereas 5 isolates have gene iha (3 ( 6.3 %) and 2 ( 7.4 % )) , In addition to 30 isolates have irp2 gene (21 ( 44.6 % ) and 9 ( 33.3 % )) and 27 isolates contain hly gene ( 19 ( 40.4 %) and 8 ( 29.6 %)). These percentages are for females and males respectively. Conclusions: E.coli is the bacterium that dominant the UTIs. Females are more likely to develop UTIs than males. The irp2 gene responsible for taking iron is the most genetically studied genome that causes UTIs, followed by the gene hly responsible for producing α-hemolysin enzyme second among the gene of the virulence factors under study.
Gene Expression Of Some Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms In Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Isolated From Iraqi Patients
Authors: Kazaal Meraim A. , Oudah Marwah Ali 
Published: October 2024

Background: Treatment of N. gonorrhoeae infection is restricted by the rising commonness of multidrug-resistance strains. The point of this study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance and mRNA expression of penA, pilQ, norM, farA, and mtrE of N. gonorrhea. Method: one hindered samples collected from patients infected with N. gonorrhoeae. The bacteria were isolated and diagnosed using culture media and biochemical tests. Using the MIC method, the sensitivity of bacteria to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, spectinomycin, tetracycline, and azithromycin was determined. After RNA extraction and cDNA production, gene expression of penA, pilQ, norM, farA, and mtrE was assessed using real time -qPCR. Results: we found all isolates sensitive to ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Clear increase in penA, pilQ, farA, and mtrE gene expression of penicillin-resistant isolates (1.571, 3.135, 0.010 and 34.24 respectively), while norM gene expression decreased in those isolates. High gene expression for pilQ, farA, and mtrE among isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin (0.0041, 0.00072, 0.011 respectively). Tetracycline-resistant isolates appeared to have higher gene expression for penA, norM, farA, and mtrE (0.0033, 8.669, 37.85, 15.84 respectively). Spectinomycin-resistant isolates have high gene expression for penA, pilQ, norM, farA, and mtrE (0.222, 0.021, 0.036, 0.0002, 19.63 respectively) . Moreover, gene expression of penA, norM, and farA increased in males (6.938, 1.095, 7.946 respectively) while the rate of gene expression for pilQ and mtrE increased in females (0.161 and 7.832 respectively). Conclusion: gene expression of penA, pilQ, norM, farA, and mtrE increased in most antibiotics resistance isolates especially of bacterial infection that isolated from males.
Effectiveness of Emotional-Focused Coping on Heart-Focused Anxiety in Patients Prior to cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Gatie Baneen Kamil , H.AL-Hadrawi Hayder 
Published: October 2024

Background: Heart-focused anxiety involves a concentration on and a fear of cardiac-related feelings and their anticipated negative outcomes (such as a life-threatening arrhythmia or abrupt cardiac death). It results in continuing concerns about heart function, avoiding activities that are thought to cause cardiac symptoms, and frequent behavior of requesting assistance in medical settings. Study purpose: This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of Emotional-Focused Coping on Heart-Focused Anxiety in Patients Prior to cardiac Catheterization. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study using (pretest and posttest design with a control group). A purposive sampling technique was used to gather the study information from 120 patients prior to cardiac catheterization by using the beck anxiety inventory scale. The study is conducted in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Government, Al-Najaf Center for Cardiac Surgery and Trans-Catheter Therapy. Results: A statistically significant difference is found in participants anxiety level prior to cardiac catheterization between the first measure before applying the coping techniques and the second measure after the application of coping strategies (Mean difference =13.500, P <0.0005) Conclusion: The emotional focused coping strategies are proves as easy interventions to apply and effective in terms of reducing the level of heart-focused anxiety prior to cardiac catheterization
Evaluation the Levels of Yap1 Protein and NF-Κb in Serum of Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Ghaly Ayat Aziz , Al-Husseini Alaa Mohammad Hasson 
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is the type of cancer that is most frequently diagnosed and is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths in women globally. BC is intimately linked to both apoptosis and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate NF-kappaB (NF-κB) and Yes-associated protein (Yap1) biomarkers in the serum of women patients with (BC).
This case-control research recruited a total of 90 women, consisting of 60 women diagnosed with breast cancer and 30 healthy controls of the same age. This research detected a statistically significant rise (P<0.05) in the levels of NF-κB and Yap1 in the serum of the BC group compared to the control group. from the results of Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the present results indicate an optimal NF-κB cut‑off value of more than 3.06 ng/ml resulted in an AUC value of 0.934. And is considered an excellent diagnostic marker, also. An optimal Yap1cutt-off value of more than 13.72 ng/ml resulted in an AUC value of 0.997 Yap1, while There was no significant difference P>0.05 in NF-κB and Yap1 levels among BC women according to clinical-pathological, molecular type and phenotype clinical and pathological characteristics.
We conclude that These results indicate the roles of NFκB and Yap1 as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis.
Evaluation of Nurses’ Attitudes toward Human Immuno Deficiency
Authors: Al-Jubouri Namaa Dawoud , Khudur Khalida Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

Background: HIV nursing protocols, including rapid HIV testing, face weaknesses such as improper data collection and ambiguity. To reduce stigmatization, interventions should promote the adoption of nursing practices that influence stigmatization experiences. The International Nursing Network for HIV Research recommends collaboration, global partnerships, and scientific work to increase nurses' impact in HIV research. Nurses' experiences with HIV/AIDS patients can impact their health and the spread of the virus. Barriers to HIV treatment include lack of knowledge, demotivation, resistance, and lack of adherence to treatment guidelines. Nurse involvement in HIV prevention is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Objective(s): This study aims to evaluate nurses' attitudes toward human Immuno deficiency.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was conducted in 7 January 2024 to 7 May 2024, The study at Al Musayyib General Hospital in Babylon, Iraq, involved 100 nursing professionals in a health education program. The program aimed to improve nurses' understanding and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. The program's effectiveness was assessed through questionnaires.
Results: The study found that nurses aged 23-less than 30 years, predominantly female, had moderate attitudes towards the human immunodeficiency virus. However, there was no significant relationship between nurses' attitudes and sociodemographic variables or professional variables such as education, years of experience, knowledge development, or participation in training courses. The majority of nurses were urban residents.
Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should therefore follow national infection prevention guidelines when working in hospitals. To increase nurses' understanding and proficiency in this area, policy designers ought to train them in infection prevention. Further research should include a qualitative study in order to obtain more detailed information.
Recommendation: Institutions may enhance their knowledge of HIV care practices by conducting frequent training sessions for nursing staff, personalizing instructional materials, gauging and reviewing attitude levels, encouraging peer learning, and expanding the scope of research. In order to provide effective HIV care, this will assist nurses in expanding their knowledge and adjusting their attitude.
Correlation between Assemblages A and B Giardia lamblia infection with melatonin, ghrelin, Hsp70 and TFF3 biomarkers in patients
Authors: Tahtouh Mohanad Shihab Ali , Abed Ali Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

Background: Giardiasis is considered one of the parasitic diseases affecting humans, caused by a flagellate protozoan known as Giardia lamblia. It is a common gastrointestinal pathogen that can lead to various clinical and other complications. Objective: Study aimed to diagnose infection with the G. lamblia in children aged (1-12 years) using a direct wet mount, and to determine Assemblages A and B Giardia lamblia by targeting the TPI gene using Nested-PCR, in addition to evaluating the relationship of infection of assemblages with (melatonin, ghrelin, Hsp70 and TFF3) using ELISA assay. Method: By examining 238 stool samples for children suffering from diarrhea and some intestinal symptoms visiting some hospitals in Salah al-Din Governorate. Results: 34 (14.2%) positive samples were recorded by microscopic examination. 100 fecal samples using the Nested-PCR, showed 60 (60%) positive samples for the G. lamblia, including 18 (30%) for the assemblage B, 31 (51.66%) samples for assemblage A, as well as 11 (18.33%) mixed infections of A+B. The study of biomarkers revealed a highly significant increase in the levels of (melatonin, ghrelin, Hsp70 and TFF3) in the serum of patients with mixed A + B infection, while the lowest average concentrations of biomarkers were recorded in children infected with group A. Conclusion: Direct microscopic examination of stool samples It has good sensitivity for detecting G. lamblia parasite, and the TPI gene targeted in Nested-PCR technology has high sensitivity and specificity for genotyping detection of the parasite. Group A is the most common among patient samples. Mixed infections (A+B) have the greatest effect.
Molecular Detection of Human parvovirus B19 in Patients with Thalassemia in Wasit Province, Iraq
Authors: Juber Hanan Kareem , Bayati Hussein Ali Mohammed Al. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Human B19 (PVB19) isssmall, non-envelope single strand DNA viruses from family of "Parvoviridae" it cause infections in human. In thalassemia are a heterogeneous grouping of genetic disorders that result from a decreased synthesis of alpha or beta chains of hemoglobin (Hb). Numerous factors contribute to functional abnormality found in βeta thalassemia patient like decrease red cells life span, rapidsiron turnover, and tissue deposition of excess iron B19 targets the erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow by binding to the glycosphingolipid.
Materials and Methods: This case cross sectional study and the patients aged between (5-40) years , study has been carried outsin Al-Kut teaching hospitals in Al-Iraq-Wasit in a period between September 2023 and March 2024. This study followed the cross-sectional design. The populations of our study included 120 patients’ samples with thalassemia infected by Human Parvovirus B19 in blood transfusion patients 64 male and 56 female. Nested-PCR used to detect of B19V by using primers. PCR reaction was done by using special sets of primers mentioned previously and special components and specific program and procedure according to components of PCR reaction.
Result: Human parvovirus 19 Positive case percentage using polymerase chain reaction indicated that the positive cases was reported according to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a percentage of case related to the main characteristic of patients, current study data has been indicated as following: in total of 120 patient sample with thalassemia has been included in this study, PCR positive case was 17 (14.2%), 6 (5%), 2 (1.7%) and 0 (0%) in the age groups (5-15), (16-25), (26-35) and (36-45) respectively. Male was more prevalent 17 (14.2%), than female 8 (6.7%), So as to records of major type in comparision to intermediate 19 (15.8%) and 6 (5%). All positive cases were 25 cases.
Conclusion: Current data showed prevalence of Human parvovirus 19 in Iraqi patients. This prevalence should be alarming public health.
Exploring Role of SMAD3 in Serum of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Al-Azzawy Haider Basim , Ali Angham Jasim Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

Background: Being an autoimmune and inflammatory illness, rheumatoid arthritis results from the body's immune system attacking healthy cells by mistake, creating inflammation in the affected areas. Aim of study: The purpose of this study was to use ELISA to assess the serum concentration level of SMAD3 in RA patients and control groups.. Methodology: The research was conducted between October 15, 2023, and January 15, 2024.The study, conducted at the Medical City Hospital under the Baghdad Government, involved male and female participants ranging in age from 18 to over 75. All participants in the trial provided a total of 90 clinical specimens (5 ml of blood): 45 patients and 45 controls. To use ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay) to examine the immunological parameter Smad3, blood was taken from the patients. Results: There were statistically significant variations in the means of the concentration levels of the parameter Smad3 in RA patients (12.11±4.91) and controls 1.89 (0.98_4). Expression of Smad3 (ng/ml): For RA patients, the male median was 11.21±5.09 (range: 7.33–15.83), whereas the female median was 12.61±4.83 (range: 8.32–16.29). In Stage 1, Smad3 achieved 7.26±2.75, in Stage 2, 10.25±1.46, in Stage 3, 12.3±4.04, and in Stage 4, 18.97±1.72. Conclusion: There were statistically significant variations between the means of the concentration levels of the parameter Smad3 in RA patients and controls. There may be a slight correlation between RA stages and biomarker levels (Smad3), however this relationship is not statistically significant, and the effects are small.
Adults who Smoke Should Have Pulmonary Function Testing Before and After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
Authors: PhD Maqdad Taaqi, , PhD Hesham N Alrowayeh, , PhD Sameera H Aljadi, , PhD Hanan Ahmad Alfadhli, 
Published: October 2024

Background: Recent research has shown that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has a mortality rate of 0.6–3.0%, making it a popular and generally safe cardiac operation. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between sex, age, and diabetes in the early changes in lung volumes measured by pulmonary function tests before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in individuals who smoke. Subjects and procedures: Elective coronary artery bypass surgery was the procedure of choice for 200 consecutive patients in this prospective controlled trial. Participants who were not part of the trial were those who were in an emergency or who had a valve operation done alongside a CABG procedure. Based on the data from the operation, the cardiopulmonary bypass time was 98.89 minutes with a standard deviation of 25.14 minutes. The average time for cardiac ischemia was 67.8 minutes with a standard deviation of 26.6 minutes and a range of 25 to 227 minutes. The total time spent in the intensive care unit was 53.54 hours with a standard deviation of 27.98 hours and a range of 4 to 102 hours. Thirteen patients, or 6.5%, were cold, while the remaining patients were warm. Thirteen patients, or 6.5%, used ice slush as a topical cooling method. The results of the pulmonary function tests taken before and after surgery were significantly different. Conclusion: Postoperative obstructive and restrictive breathing problems are associated with cigarette smoking's detrimental effects on pulmonary functioning. Patients with a smoking history who are scheduled for elective revascularization surgery should have their pulmonary status evaluated before surgery, and they should be strongly encouraged to quit smoking as soon as possible before surgery to minimize the risk of respiratory complications after surgery.