bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular phenotyping of hippocampal progenitors exposed to patient serum predicts conversion to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Maruszak Aleksandra , Murphy Tytus , Liu Benjamine , de Lucia Chiara , Douiri Abdel , Nevado Alejo J , Teunissen Charlotte E , Visser Pieter Jelle , Price Jack , Lovestone Simon , Thuret Sandrine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe generation of new neurons persists into adulthood in the human hippocampus and can be modulated by the circulatory systemic environment. Hippocampal neurogenesis is important for learning and memory and is altered in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Evaluating the hippocampal neurogenic process during disease progression could therefore identify neurogenesis as an important target for AD prevention and intervention as well as a biomarker for early disease detection. In this study, we used a human hippocampal progenitor cell line to design an in vitro assay evaluating over time the neurogenic impact of the systemic milieu (i.e. serum) of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as they either converted to AD or remained cognitively stable. Cells were exposed to serum collected over several years from the same patients. Cellular phenotyping and linear mixed effects models for repeated measures revealed that decreased proliferation, increased apoptotic hippocampal progenitor cell death and increased hippocampal neurogenesis characterized progression from MCI to AD. Using stepwise logistic regression and machine learning we show that these cellular readouts for the baseline serum sample and years of education of the patient are significant predictors of conversion from MCI to AD, already 3.5 years before AD clinical diagnosis. Finally, serum proteomic analyses indicated pathways linked to the cellular readouts distinguishing MCI to AD converters from non-converters. The proposed assay is thus not only promising for AD pre-clinical diagnosis, but it also provides a proxy into temporal changes of the hippocampal neurogenic process during disease progression.One Sentence SummaryIn this study, we demonstrate for the first time that the systemic environment (i.e. blood serum) of mild cognitively impaired patients differentially alters human hippocampal progenitor cell fate to predict conversion to Alzheimer’s Disease up to 3.5 years before clinical diagnosis.
Novel approach to quantitative spatial gene expression uncovers genetic stochasticity in the developingDrosophilaeye
Authors: Ali Sammi , Signor Sarah A. , Kozlov Konstantin , Nuzhdin Sergey V. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRobustness in development allows for the accumulation of neutral genetically based variation in expression, and here will be termed ‘genetic stochasticity‘. This largely neutral variation is potentially important for both evolution and complex disease phenotypes. However, it has generally only been investigated as variation exhibited in the response to large genetic perturbations. In addition, work on variation in gene expression has similarly generally been limited to being spatial, or quantitative, but because of technical restrictions not both. Here we bridge these gaps by investigating replicated quantitative spatial gene expression using rigorous statistical models, in different genotypes, sexes, and species (Drosophila melanogasterandD. simulans). Using this type of quantitative approach with developmental data allows for effective comparison among conditions, including health versus disease. We apply this approach to the morphogenetic furrow, a wave of differentiation that sweeps across the developing eye disc. Within the morphogenetic furrow, we focus on four conserved morphogens,hairy, atonal, hedgehog, andDelta. Hybridization chain reaction quantitatively measures spatial gene expression, co-staining for all four genes simultaneously and with minimal effort. We find considerable variation in the spatial expression pattern of these genes in the eye between species, genotypes, and sexes. We also find that there has been evolution of the regulatory relationship between these genes. Lastly, we show that the spatial interrelationships of these genes evolved between species in the morphogenetic furrow. This is essentially the first ‘population genetics of development’ as we are able to evaluate wild type differences in spatial and quantitative gene expression at the level of genotype, species and sex.
Forecasting crowd dynamics through coarse-grained data analysis
Authors: Motsch Sebastien , Moussaïd Mehdi , Guillot Elsa G. , Moreau Mathieu , Pettré Julien , Theraulaz Guy , Appert-Rolland Cécile , Degond Pierre 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUnderstanding and predicting the collective behaviour of crowds is essential to improve the efficiency of pedestrian flows in urban areas and minimize the risks of accidents at mass events. We advocate for the development of a & “crowd forecasting system„whereby real-time observations of crowds are coupled to fast and reliable models to produce rapid predictions of the crowd movement and eventually help crowd managers choose between tailored optimization strategies. Here, we propose a Bi-directional Macroscopic (BM) model as the core of such a system. Its key input is the fundamental diagram for bi-directional flows, i.e. the relation between the pedestrian fluxes and densities. We design and run a laboratory experiments involving a total of 119 participants walking in opposite directions in a circular corridor and show that the model is able to accurately capture the experimental data in a typical crowd forecasting situation. Finally, we propose a simple segregation strategy for enhancing the traffic efficiency, and use the BM model to determine the conditions under which this strategy would be beneficial. The BM model, therefore, could serve as a building block to develop on the fly prediction of crowd movements and help deploying real-time crowd optimization strategies.
Caloric restriction mitigates age-associated hippocampal differential CG and non-CG methylation
Authors: Hadad Niran , Unnikrishnan Archana , Jackson Jordan A. , Masser Dustin R. , Otalora Laura , Stanford David R. , Richardson Arlan , Freeman Willard M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBrain aging is marked by cognitive decline and susceptibility to neurodegeneration. Caloric-restriction (CR) increases neurogenesis, improves memory function, and protects from age-associated neurological disorders. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, are vital to normal CNS cellular and memory functions, and are dysregulated with aging. The beneficial effects of CR have been proposed to work through epigenetic processes, but this is largely unexplored. We therefore tested whether life-long CR prevents age-related DNA methylation changes in the brain. Hippocampal DNA from young (3 months) and old (24 months) male mice fedad libitumand 24 month old mice fed a 40% calorierestricted diet from 3 months of age were examined by genome-wide bisulfite sequencing to measure methylation with base-specificity. Over 27 million CG and CH (non-CG) sites were examined. Of the ~40,000 differentially methylated CGs (dmCGs) and ~80,000 CHs (dmCHs) with aging, >1/3 were prevented by CR and were found across genomic regulatory regions and gene pathways. CR also caused alterations to CG and CH methylation at sites not differentially methylated with aging, and these CR-specific changes demonstrated a different pattern of regulatory element and gene pathway enrichment than those affected by aging. CR-specific DNMT1 and TET3 promoter hypermethylation corresponded to reduced gene expression. These findings demonstrate that CR attenuates age-related CG and CH hippocampal methylation changes, in combination with CR-specific methylation that may also contribute to the neuroprotective effects of CR. The prevention of age-related methylation alterations is also consistent with the pro-longevity effects of CR working through an epigenetic mechanism.
Diverse modes of synaptic signaling, regulation, and plasticity distinguish two classes ofC. elegansglutamatergic neurons
Authors: Ventimiglia Donovan , Bargmann Cornelia I. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSynaptic vesicle release properties vary between neuronal cell types, but in most cases the molecular basis of this heterogeneity is unknown. Here, we comparein vivosynaptic properties of two neuronal classes in theC. eleganscentral nervous system, using VGLUT-pHluorin to monitor synaptic vesicle exocytosis and retrieval in intact animals. We show that the glutamatergic sensory neurons AWCONand ASH have distinct synaptic dynamics associated with tonic and phasic synaptic properties, respectively. Exocytosis in ASH and AWCONis differentially affected by SNARE-complex regulators that are present in both neurons: phasic ASH release is strongly dependent on UNC-13, whereas tonic AWCONrelease relies upon UNC-18 and on the protein kinase C homolog PKC-1. Exocytosis and retrieval each have two timescales in AWCONbut one major timescale in ASH. Strong stimuli that elicit high calcium levels also increase exocytosis and retrieval rates in AWCON, generating distinct tonic and evoked synaptic modes. These results highlight the differential deployment of shared presynaptic proteins in neuronal cell type-specific functions.
Public involvement in public health research
Authors: Ashton Julian 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the progress in public and patient involvement (PPI) in public health research, and identify the relevant problems and solutions.

Design/methodology/approach
To explore the advantages and drawbacks of PPI in health research, drawing on studies which have looked at the barriers to effective PPI, as well as the benefits to all parties.

Findings
Guidelines have emerged from recent research for the process of PPI throughout a project; however different schemes for PPI will apply, depending on the context.

Research limitations/implications
There are not many well-researched studies into PPI in this area. A frequent limitation in research projects is that there is not sufficient provision for PPI. The implication is that more time and funding should be made available for well-planned PPI.

Practical implications
Researchers need to find more ways for involvement, as well as optimising current methods.

Social implications
The growth of PPI has opened up channels of communication and developed new roles for people in research, who would not otherwise be involved.

Originality/value
The paper draws together a range of studies in an original way, as well as using some unpublished material. It is an area of current interest.
Shame and blame and its influence on male gay (chaay rak chaay) quality of life in Bangkok Thailand: a health promotion community nursing perspective
Authors: Pongtriang Praditporn , O’Brien Anthony Paul , Maguire Jane 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore gay male informant experiences of discrimination and stigma in Bangkok from a health promotion community nursing perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 informants and included field work observations at eight entertainment venues. Data analysis utilised an inductive thematic approach.

Findings
Key themes that emerged from the data were related to communication, particularly the use of smart phone applications; lack of privacy in health services; sexual exploitation by entertainment venues; and concerns about coming out safely to protect self-esteem and mental health.

Originality/value
Development of key mental health promotion messages based on a greater understanding and knowledge of discrimination and stigma may help to reduce negative behaviour and stigmatisation towards Thai gay men in Bangkok.
The ability of high performance concrete to resist high temperature
Authors: A.M. Mhamoud Hassan , Yanmin Jia 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
This study aims to focus on the resistance to elevated temperatures of up to 700ºC of high-performance concrete (HPC) compared to ordinary Portland concrete (OPC) with regards to mass loss and residual compressive and flexural strength.

Design/methodology/approach
Two mixtures were developed to test. The first mixture, OPC, was used as the control, and the second mixture was HPC. After 28 days under water (per Chinese standard), the samples were tested for compressive strength and residual strength.

Findings
The test results showed that at elevated temperatures of up to 500ºC, each mixture experienced mass loss. Below this temperature, the strength and the mass loss did not differ greatly.

Originality/value
When adding a 10 per cent silica fume, 25 per cent fly, 25 per cent slag to HPC, the compressive strength increased by 17 per cent and enhanced the residual compressive strength. A sharp decrease was observed in the residual flexural strength of HPC when compared to OPC after exposure to temperatures of 700ºC.
Torix group Rickettsia are widespread in Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), reach high frequency and carry unique genomic features
Authors: Pilgrim Jack , Ander Mats , Garros Claire , Baylis Matthew , Hurst Gregory D. D. , Siozios Stefanos 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThere is increasing interest in the heritable bacteria of invertebrate vectors of disease as they present novel targets for control initiatives. Previous studies on biting midges (Culicoides spp.), known to transmit several RNA viruses of veterinary importance, have revealed infections with the endosymbiotic bacteria, Wolbachia and Cardinium. However, rickettsial symbionts in these vectors are underexplored. Here, we present the genome of a previously uncharacterized Rickettsia endosymbiont from Culicoides newsteadi (RiCNE). This genome presents unique features potentially associated with host invasion and adaptation, including genes for the complete non‐oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway, and others predicted to mediate lipopolysaccharides and cell wall modification. Screening of 414 Culicoides individuals from 29 Palearctic or Afrotropical species revealed that Rickettsia represent a widespread but previously overlooked association, reaching high frequencies in midge populations and present in 38% of the species tested. Sequence typing clusters the Rickettsia within the Torix group of the genus, a group known to infect several aquatic and hematophagous taxa. FISH analysis indicated the presence of Rickettsia bacteria in ovary tissue, indicating their maternal inheritance. Given the importance of biting midges as vectors, a key area of future research is to establish the impact of this endosymbiont on vector competence.
The Role of Human Capital in Manufacturing Plant Growth: Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Chang Ching‐Fu , Lin Cherng‐Shiun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this study, we set out to investigate the potential relationships between plant growth and size, age and human capital using a unique employer–employee matched data set for the Taiwanese manufacturing industry from 1998 to 2005. The general assumption of a reduction in plant growth with increases in plant size and plant age is confirmed by our manufacturing industry data set, while plant growth increases with the stock of human capital, albeit at a diminishing rate, thereby implying a positive concave relationship between plant growth and human capital. Moreover, we find that for plants with higher levels of human capital, the reduction in plant growth is more moderate with regard to size than with regard to age, indicating that differences in the stock of human capital within plants will tend to lead to differences in the patterns of age and size impacts on such plants' growth. Finally, substantial differences were observed among the influences of the various characteristics on plants with high, moderate and low growth in size.
Identifying and assessing strategies for evaluating the impact of mobile eye health units on health outcomes
Authors: Fu Shiwan , Turner Angus , Tan Irene , Muir Josephine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and assess strategies for evaluating the impact of mobile eye health units on health outcomes.DesignSystematic literature review.SettingWorldwide.ParticipantsPeer‐reviewed journal articles that included the use of a mobile eye health unit.Main outcome measure(s)Journal articles were included if outcome measures reflected an assessment of the impact of a mobile eye health unit on health outcomes.ResultsSix studies were identified with mobile services offering diabetic retinopathy screening (three studies), optometric services (two studies) and orthoptic services (one study).ConclusionThis review identified and assessed strategies in existing literature used to evaluate the impact of mobile eye health units on health outcomes. Studies included in this review used patient outcomes (i.e. disease detection, vision impairment, treatment compliance) and/or service delivery outcomes (i.e. cost per attendance, hospital transport use, inappropriate referrals, time from diabetic retinopathy photography to treatment) to evaluate the impact of mobile eye health units. Limitations include difficulty proving causation of specific outcome measures and the overall shortage of impact evaluation studies. Variation in geographical location, service population and nature of eye care providers limits broad application.
A Qualitative Analysis of How Anthropologists Interpret the Race Construct
Authors: Ifekwunigwe Jayne O. , Wagner Jennifer K. , Yu Joon‐Ho , Harrell Tanya M. , Bamshad Michael J. , Royal Charmaine D. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis article assesses anthropological thinking about the race concept and its applications. Drawn from a broader national survey of geneticists’ and anthropologists’ views on race, in this analysis, we provide a qualitative account of anthropologists’ perspectives. We delve deeper than simply asserting that “race is a social construct.” Instead, we explore the differential ways in which anthropologists describe and interpret how race is constructed. Utilizing the heuristic of constructors, shifters, and reconcilers, we also illustrate the ways in which anthropologists conceptualize their interpretations of race along a broad spectrum as well as what these differential approaches reveal about the ideological and biological consequences of socially defined races, such as racism in general and racialized health disparities in particular. [race concept, social construction, racism, health disparities]
Forum introduction
Authors: YELVINGTON KEVIN A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIn a professional career spanning over six decades, Sidney Mintz (1922–2015) had an immense influence on anthropology, history, Caribbean studies, food studies, and the interdisciplinary study of commodity circuits across time and space. In his work, Mintz developed a historical and a Marxist/materialist approach that also bore the mark of his training in US cultural anthropology. The articles in this AE Forum explain Mintz's place in the history of anthropology and suggest influences in the formation of his thought. They also show how Mintz's legacy consists of providing models that inspire future ethnographic and historical investigations. [Sidney Mintz, anthropology, Marxism, history of anthropology, historical approaches to anthropology, Caribbean]En una carrera profesional que abarcó seis décadas, Sidney Mintz (1922‐2015) ejerció una influencia enorme sobre la antropología, la historia, los estudios caribeños, la ciencia del alimento y el estudio interdisciplinar de la circulación de las mercancías a través del tiempo y del espacio. En su obra, Mintz tuvo un enfoque histórico y marxista/materialista que refleja al mismo tiempo su formación en la antropología estadounidense. Los artículos de este fórum AE explican la posición de Mintz en la historia de la antropología y sugieren influencias sobre el desarrollo de su pensamiento. Muestran también cómo el legado de Mintz fue proporcionar modelos de inspiración para futuras investigaciones etnográficas e históricas. [Sidney W. Mintz, antropología, marxismo, historia de la antropología, abordos históricos a la antropología, Caribe]Au cours d'une carrière professionnelle qui dura six décennies, Sidney Mintz (1922‐2015) exerça une énorme influence sur l'anthropologie, l'histoire, les études caribéennes, les études sur l'alimentation et l'analyse interdisciplinaire de la circulation des marchandises à travers le temps et l'espace. Dans son œuvre, Mintz développa une démarche historique et marxiste/matérialiste qui porte également l'empreinte de sa formation en sein de l'anthropologie étasunienne. Les articles de ce Forum AE expliquent la position de Mintz dans l'histoire de l'anthropologie et identifient les influences sur le développement de sa pensée. Ils montrent aussi que l'héritage de Mintz offre des modèles pour l'avenir des travaux ethnographiques et historiques. [Sidney Mintz, anthropologie, marxisme, histoire de l'anthropologie, démarches historiques en anthropologie, Antilles]
Insulin resistance in pregnant women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome, and measures of body composition in offspring at birth and three years of age
Authors: Finnbogadóttir Sara K. , Glintborg Dorte , Jensen Tina K. , Kyhl Henriette B. , Nohr Ellen A. , Andersen Marianne 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in the non‐pregnant state, but little is known about insulin sensitivity in the pregnant state. Our objective was to compare insulin resistance in pregnant women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome and explore the impact of polycystic ovary syndrome on body composition in offspring at birth and at three years of age.Material and methodsA prospective cohort study including 2548 live‐born singleton mother–child pairs residing in Odense municipality, Denmark, during 2010–2013. Of the 2548 women, 241 (9.4%) had polycystic ovary syndrome.ResultsHomeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance assessments were comparable in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. However, the subgroup of overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly higher levels of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance than overweight women without polycystic ovary syndrome (mean ± 2 SD): 4.4 (3.1) vs. 3.6 (3.4), p = 0.004. Maternal polycystic ovary syndrome did not affect offspring birthweight after accounting for age. However, polycystic ovary syndrome, adjusted for maternal body mass index, was associated with increased body mass index at three years of age (mean ± 2 SD): 16.0 (2.2) vs. 15.7 (2.1) kg/m2, p = 0.04.ConclusionIn our cohort, maternal polycystic ovary syndrome was not associated with insulin resistance after correcting for body mass index and was not an independent predictor of offspring birthweight. However, both polycystic ovary syndrome and high maternal body mass index may increase risk of childhood obesity at three years of age.
Letter: Helicobacter pylori in lean and obese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kountouras J. , Polyzos S. A. , Katsinelos P. , Doulberis M. , Zavos C. , Kazakos E. , Boziki M. , Tzivras D. , Kotronis G. 
Published: August 2017

Linked ContentThis article should be linked to Sookoian and Pirola paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14112.
Editorial: probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease—wrong organisms, wrong disease, or flawed concepts? Authors’ reply
Authors: Gracie D. J. , Derwa Y. , Hamlin P. J. , Ford A. C. 
Published: August 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Shanahan and Derwa et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14230 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14203.
Editorial: faecal microbiota transplantation for ulcerative colitis—not quite there yet? Authors’ reply
Authors: Costello S. P. , Soo W. , Bryant R. V. , Jairath V. , Hart A. L. , Andrews J. M. 
Published: August 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Lim and Radford‐Smith and Costello et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14228 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14173.