bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cohort study of trends in the prevalence of pregestational diabetes in pregnancy recorded in UK general practice between 1995 and 2012
Authors: Coton Sonia J , Nazareth Irwin , Petersen Irene 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of pregnant women with and without pregestational diabetes and to estimate the prevalence of pregestational diabetes in pregnant women recorded in a UK primary care database.MethodsThe data source for this study is The Health Improvement Network (THIN) primary care database. Pregnant women with and without diabetes aged 16 years and over were identified using diagnostic Read codes and prescriptions for antidiabetics from medical records. Data were examined on: age, body mass index (BMI), social deprivation, smoking, ethnicity and glycaemic control. The prevalence of pregestational diabetes was calculated by diabetes type and calendar year between 1995 and 2012.ResultsData from 400 434 pregnancies suggests that women with pregestational diabetes were: older (median 29, 32 vs 29 years for type 1, type 2 and without diabetes, respectively), had higher BMI (median 25.0, 30.4 vs 23.9 k/m2for type 1, type 2 and without diabetes, respectively) and were registered with a general practice for longer than pregnant women without diabetes. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes in pregnancy increased from 1.56 to 4.09 per 1000 pregnancies between 1995 and 2015. For type 2 diabetes the increase was from 2.34 to 5.09 per 1000 pregnancies between 1995 and 2008 followed by a more rapid increase to 10.62 per 1000 pregnancies by 2012.ConclusionsPregnant women with pregestational diabetes were older, had higher BMI and were registered for longer than women without diabetes. The prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes increased in pregnancy. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes rose more rapidly with a marked increase after 2008.
Racial Differences in the Association Between Preoperative Serum Cholesterol and Prostate Cancer Recurrence: Results from the SEARCH Database
Authors: Allott Emma H. , Howard Lauren E. , Aronson William J. , Terris Martha K. , Kane Christopher J. , Amling Christopher L. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background: Black men are disproportionately affected by both cardiovascular disease and prostate cancer. Epidemiologic evidence linking dyslipidemia, an established cardiovascular risk factor, and prostate cancer progression is mixed. As existing studies were conducted in predominantly non-black populations, research on black men is lacking.
Methods: We identified 628 black and 1,020 non-black men who underwent radical prostatectomy and never used statins before surgery in the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database. Median follow-up was 2.9 years. The impact of preoperative hypercholesterolemia on risk of biochemical recurrence was examined using multivariable, race-stratified proportional hazards. In secondary analysis, we examined associations with low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides, overall and among men with dyslipidemia.
Results: High cholesterol was associated with increased risk of recurrence in black [HRper10 mg/dL 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.11] but not non-black men (HRper10 mg/dL 0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.03; Pinteraction = 0.011). Elevated triglycerides were associated with increased risk in both black and non-black men (HRper10 mg/dL 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00–1.03 and 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00–1.02, respectively; Pinteraction = 0.458). There were no significant associations between LDL or HDL and recurrence risk in either race. Associations with cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides were similar among men with dyslipidemia, but low HDL was associated with increased risk of recurrence in black, but not non-black men with dyslipidemia (Pinteraction = 0.047).
Conclusion: Elevated cholesterol was a risk factor for recurrence in black but not non-black men, whereas high triglycerides were associated with increased risk regardless of race.
Impact: Significantly contrasting associations by race may provide insight into prostate cancer racial disparities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(3); 547–54. ©2016 AACR.
Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Prostate Cancer Survival
Authors: Mondul Alison M. , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Moy Kristin A. , Männistö Satu , Albanes Demetrius 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background: Recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that higher circulating vitamin D does not protect against prostate cancer and, in fact, may increase the risk of developing this malignancy. However, few studies have examined the most clinically relevant outcome, prostate cancer mortality.
Methods: We examined prediagnostic serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) and prostate cancer survival in a cohort of 1,000 cases in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. During 23 years of follow-up, 363 men died from their disease. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of death from prostate cancer by season-specific quintile of 25(OH)D. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, physical activity, cigarettes per day, and family history of prostate cancer.
Results: Men with higher serum 25(OH)D were less likely to die from their prostate cancer (Q5 vs. Q1 HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52–0.99; Ptrend = 0.006). This finding was independent of stage or grade at diagnosis and appeared restricted to men who survived longer (survived &lt;3.3 years: Q5 vs. Q1 HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.61–1.50; Ptrend, 0.53; survived ≥3.3 years: Q5 vs. Q1 HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34–0.85; Ptrend, 0.0002).
Conclusions: In this population of men diagnosed with prostate cancer, higher serum 25(OH)D years prior to diagnosis was associated with longer prostate cancer survival.
Impact: In light of inconsistent evidence regarding the role of vitamin D in the development of prostate cancer, the present findings regarding the most clinically relevant prostate cancer outcome, disease-specific mortality, could have important public health implications. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(4); 665–9. ©2016 AACR.
Warmerdam and van DijkWhat’s Your Story? Chinese Private Enterprises in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Warmerdam Ward , Pieter van Dijk Meine 
Published: January 2016

China has been engaged with Africa since the 1956. Following the domestic economic reforms of 1978, politically and ideologically motivated engagement gave way to economically and commercially driven cooperation. Successive waves of reforms in China have made the engagement more economically and commercially driven. Initially China’s engagement with Africa in general was dominated by China’s state-owned enterprises. More recently private enterprises have entered the arena. In discussions on China–Africa, China is often presented as a single actor. In fact, there are many ‘Chinas’ in Africa. More nuanced literature has disaggregated ‘China’ in Africa into different actors. With regard to China’s economic cooperation, the literature has either focused on its state-owned enterprises or the impacts of its commercial relations on local African business and populations. This paper intends to contribute to the growing literature on Chinese private enterprises in Africa. It provides a characterization of Chinese private companies in Kampala, Uganda, based on a recent survey of 42 Chinese enterprises there. It will present the data, analysis and stories of how and when they came, what problems they encountered and how these were solved based on the in-depth interviews that were carried out. The paper will show that many of these companies are relatively small, recent entrants in Uganda, motivated by the potential of the markets and increasingly facing problems with the authorities concerning their visas and work permits. It will be concluded that life for these private enterprises in Uganda is becoming gradually more difficult. There will be a shaking out of the companies that do not provide positive contributions to the local economy and society in general. This leaves many, especially smaller, Chinese private entrepreneurs uncertain about their future in Uganda.
Overall and cause-specific mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Y H , Choi S J , Ji J D , Song G G 
Published: January 2016

Aims This study aimed to assess all-cause and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods We surveyed studies examining all-cause and/or cause-specific SMR in patients with SLE compared to the general population using PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane databases and manual searches. We performed a meta-analysis of all-cause, sex-specific, ethnicity-specific, and cause-specific SMRs in SLE patients. Results Fifteen reports including 26,101 patients with SLE with 4640 deaths met the inclusion criteria. Compared to the general population, all-cause SMR was significantly increased 2.6-fold in patients with SLE (SMR 2.663, 95% CI 2.090–3.393, p < 1.0 × 10−8). Stratification by ethnicity showed that all-cause SMR was 2.721 (95% CI 1.867–3.966, p = 1.9 × 10−6) in Caucasians and 2.587 (95% CI 1.475–4.535, p = 0.001) in Asians. Sex-specific meta-analysis revealed that all-cause SMR was 3.141 (95% CI 2.351–4.198, p < 1.0 × 10−8) for women and 3.516 (95% CI 2.928–4.221, p < 1.0 × 10−8) for men. The risk of mortality was significantly increased for mortality due to renal disease (SMR 4.689, 95% CI 2.357–9.330, p = 1.10 × 10−5), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (SMR 2.253, 95% CI 1.304–3.892, p = 0.004), and infection (SMR 4.980, 95% CI 3.876–6.398, p < 1.0 × 10−8), although there was no significant increase in SMR for mortality due to cancer (SMR 1.163, 95% CI 0.572–2.363, p = 0.676). Conclusions Patients with SLE had higher rates of death from all causes, regardless of sex, ethnicity, renal disease, CVD or infection. However, the risk of death due to malignancy was not increased.
Nurses’ and patients’ perceptions of privacy protection behaviours and information provision
Authors: Kim Kyunghee , Han Yonghee , Kim Ji-su 
Published: January 2016

Background: With increased attention to patient privacy and autonomy, privacy protection and information provision for patients are becoming increasingly important. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify and analyse nurses’ and patients’ perceptions of the importance and performance of protecting patients’ privacy and providing them with relevant information. Research design: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional investigation. Participants and research context: Participants were 168 patients hospitalised in medical and surgical wards and 176 nurses who cared for them. Ethical consideration: This study was approved by the Chung-Ang University Bioethics Committee, and informed written consent was collected from all participants. Findings: Nurses’ recognition of the importance of protecting patients’ privacy and providing adequate information was higher compared to their actual performance, and the nurses’ level of performance was higher in comparison with the patients’ recognition of its importance. Discussion: Although a holistic approach to patient privacy protection and information provision is needed, the medical field has not embraced this model of care. Conclusions: These findings provide empirical data to create an ethical environment for the future, as considerable attention has been devoted to patients’ rights and medical institutions’ liability for providing explanations to patients.
Violence against new graduated nurses in clinical settings
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein , Hassankhani Hadi , Negarandeh Reza , Jeffrey Carol , Azizi Azim 
Published: January 2016

Background: Ethical studies in nursing are very important topics, and it is particularly crucial with vulnerable populations such as new graduated nurses. Neglecting ethical principles and violence toward graduates can lead to their occupational burnout, job dissatisfaction, and leaving the nursing profession. Objective: This study was designed with the aim of understanding the experience of Iranian experienced nurses’ use of lateral and horizontal violence against new graduated nurses. Research design: This qualitative study used a conventional content analysis approach; it was conducted with 18 experienced nurses. Data were collected through unstructured and semi-structured interviews of various general hospital departments in northwest of Iran and analyzed using methods as described by Graneheim and Lundman. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Regional Committee of Medical Research Ethics. The ethical principles of voluntary participation, anonymity, and confidentiality were considered. Findings: “Psychological violence,” “Verbal violence,” “Physical violence,” and “Source of violence” were four categories extracted through data analysis. Discussion: Violence behaviors are instances of workplace maltreatment that damage individual nurses, quality of care, and the ethical climate of the healthcare settings. The lateral and hierarchical violence in nursing were explained by oppressed group model. Conclusion: This study provided the context for identifying details of various types of workplace violence against new graduated nurses. It should be approached as a health system priority that requires specific multi-dimensional methods to manage consisting of identification, strategic planning, policymaking, prevention, education, and research.
Lipodystrophia Centrifugalis Abdominalis Infantilis
Authors: Paluzzi Daniel , Peters Tess , Haber Richard M. 
Published: January 2016

Background: Lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis (LCAI) is an uncommon dermatological condition characterized by a centrifugally expanding area of lipoatrophy involving the lower abdominal area and is frequently associated with inguinal lymphadenopathy. The average age of onset is 4 years and female individuals from Japan, China, and Korea are affected more often. Objectives: To report the first case of LCAI in a Vietnamese patient. Methods: A complete clinical assessment was done and a biopsy from the affected area was performed. Results: There was an atrophic, slightly hyperpigmented patch at the lower abdomen with prominent underlying vasculature. Inguinal lymphadenopathy was noted on the ipsilateral side. A biopsy showed a lobular panniculitis with fat necrosis and lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with scattered plasma cells and multinucleated giant cells. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of LCAI in a Vietnamese patient.
Impact of Patient Factors on Recurrence Risk and Time Dependency of Oxaliplatin Benefit in Patients With Colon Cancer: Analysis From Modern-Era Adjuvant Studies in the Adjuvant Colon Cancer End Points (ACCENT) Database
Authors: Shah Manish A. , Renfro Lindsay A. , Allegra Carmen J. , André Thierry , de Gramont Aimery , Schmoll Hans-Joachim , Haller Daniel G. , Alberts Steven R. , Yothers Greg , Sargent Daniel J. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose Fluorouracil plus leucovorin (FU + LV) adjuvant chemotherapy reduced the risk of recurrence and death across all time points in a pooled analysis of 20,898 patients with colon cancer from 18 randomized studies. The impact of oxaliplatin added to FU + LV on the time course of recurrence and survival remains unknown. Patients and Methods A total of 12,233 patients enrolled to the randomized trials C-07, C-08, N0147, MOSAIC (Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer), and XELOXA (Adjuvant XELOX) were pooled to examine the impact of oxaliplatin and tumor-specific factors on the time course of recurrence and death. For each end point, continuous-time risk was modeled over 6 years post treatment in all oxaliplatin-treated patients and patients concurrently randomized to FU + LV with or without oxaliplatin; the latter analyses supported time-dependent treatment comparisons. Results Addition of oxaliplatin significantly reduced the risk of recurrence within the first 14 months post treatment for patients with stage II disease and within the first 4 years for patients with stage III disease. Oxaliplatin also significantly reduced risk of death from 2 to 6 years post treatment for patients with stage III disease, with no differences in timing of outcomes between treatment groups (ie, oxaliplatin did not simply postpone recurrence or death compared with FU + LV alone). Patients with stage II disease receiving oxaliplatin did not exhibit a significant reduction in risk of death in the first 6 years post treatment. Recurrence risk peaked near 14 months for both treatments, and risk of recurrence and death increased with increased tumor and nodal burden. Conclusions These analyses support the addition of oxaliplatin to fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant therapy in patients with stage III disease and underscore the need for adequate surveillance of patients with colon cancer during the first 3 years after adjuvant therapy.
The Addition Theorem for algebraic entropies induced by non-discrete length functions
Authors: Salce Luigi , Virili Simone 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The validity of the Addition Theorem for algebraic entropies

ent
L

$\operatorname{ent}_{L}$

induced by a non-discrete length function L on the category of locally L-finite modules over an arbitrary ring is proved. Concrete examples of non-discrete length functions and their induced algebraic entropies are provided.
Conformational and Vibrational Analysis of 2-, 3- and 4-Pyridinecarbonyl Chloride Using DFT
Authors: Abdalla Sahar , Umar Yunusa , Mokhtar Issraa 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The conformation and vibration analysis of 2-, 3- and
4-pyridinecarbonyl chlorides have been computed using B3LYP hybrid
density functional with 6-311++G** basis set. All structures have
been fully optimized, and the optimized geometries, dipole moments,
infrared vibrational frequencies and relative energies are
reported. From the computations, 2-pyridinecarbonyl chloride is
predicted to exist predominantly in trans conformation, while
the 3-pyridinecarbonyl chloride is predicted to exist predominantly
in cis conformation with the trans-cis rotational
barrier of 4.63 and 5.48 kcal/mol respectively. The two
equivalent planar structures of 4-pyridinecarbonyl chloride are
separated by an energy barrier of 4.55 kcal/mol. The effect
of solvents on the conformational stability have been examined for
nine different solvents (heptane, chloroform, THF, dichloroethane,
acetone, ethanol, methanol, DSMO and water). The Integral Equation
Formalism version of Polarized Continuum model (IEF-PCM) used for all
solution phase computations. The trans conformer of
2-pyridinecarbonyl chloride and the cis conformer of
3-pyridinecarbonyl chloride which are more stable in gas phase
remain the stable confomers in solution, but the stability decreases
as the dielectric constant of the solvent increases. The variation of
relative energies, dipole moments, solvation energies as function of
the dielectric constant of solvents has been investigated.
Genome-Wide Investigation of MicroRNAs and Their Targets in Response to Freezing Stress in Medicago sativa L., Based on High-Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Shu Yongjun , Liu Ying , Li Wei , Song Lili , Zhang Jun , Guo Changhong 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Winter damage, especially in northern climates, is a major limitation of the utilization of perennial forages such as alfalfa. Therefore, improving freezing tolerance is imperative in alfalfa genetic breeding. However, freezing tolerance is a complex trait that is determined by many genes. To understand the complex regulation mechanisms of freezing tolerance in alfalfa, we performed small RNA sequencing analysis under cold (4°) and freezing (−8°) stress. The sequencing results revealed that 173 known, and 24 novel miRNAs were expressed, and that the expression of 35 miRNAs was affected by cold and/or freezing stress. Meanwhile, 105 target genes cleaved by these miRNAs were characterized by degradome sequencing. These targets were associated with biological regulation, cellular processes, metabolic processes, and response to stress. Interestingly, most of them were characterized as transcription factors (TFs), including auxin response factors, SBP, NAC, AP2/ERF, and GRF, which play important roles in plant abiotic responses. In addition, important miRNAs and mRNAs involved in nodulation were also identified, for example, the relationship between miR169 and the TF CCAAT (also named as NF-YA/HAP2), which suggested that nodulation has an important function in freezing tolerance in alfalfa. Our results provide valuable information to help determine the molecular mechanisms of freezing tolerance in alfalfa, which will aid the application of these miRNAs and their targets in the improvement of freezing tolerance in alfalfa and related plants.
A PSICODINÂMICA DO DEPENDENTE DE SUBSTÂNCIAS PSICOATIVAS
Authors: SARDINHA Luís Sérgio , Pombo de Moraes Cibele 
Published: January 2016

O trabalho teve como objetivo compreender como ocorre o funcionamento da psicodinâmica do indivíduo dependente de substâncias psicoativas, procurando entender o significado da substância na vida deste sujeito. Por meio de levantamento bibliográfico foi possível verificar importantes características deste dinamismo psíquico do indivíduo dependente. A partir da análise deste material, pode-se observar que o sujeito dependente de substâncias psicoativas possui um déficit no funcionamento psíquico, o que faz com que este não saiba lidar com as frustrações e angústias oriundas das situações do cotidiano, recorrendo às drogas como consolo para seus sofrimentos. Ressalta-se aqui o papel das figuras materna e paterna no desenvolvimento psíquico deste sujeito. No entanto, a relação própria entre indivíduo e substância psicoativa só pode ser conhecida mediante a escuta de cada discurso singular dos sujeitos dependentes.
A CLÍNICA AMPLIADA NO ENFOQUE DA GESTALT-TERAPIA: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA EM SUPERVISÃO DE ESTÁGIO
Authors: Campos Aline Ferreira , Daltro Monica 
Published: January 2016

O presente trabalho inicia com uma discussão sobre a clínica ampliada em psicologia, para relatar a experiência de uma das autoras como supervisora de estágio específico no Serviço de Psicologia de uma faculdade privada que incluía atendimentos na unidade de saúde da família do mesmo distrito sanitário da instituição de ensino. Discute e foca na utilização de metodologias para o estágio, a Gestalt-Terapia de curta duração e a ação terapêutica nos moldes gestálticos no contexto de plantão psicológico. Concluiu-se que as metodologias em questão prestaram suporte ao trabalho terapêutico e à formação dos alunos em estágio, cada uma com sua singularidade e seus desafios.
La conformación de una política exterior mexicana en torno al corolario Roosevelt a la Doctrina Monroe, 1904-1906
Authors: Corzo González Diana 
Published: January 2016

<p>Entre 1904 y 1906 , el presidente Roosevelt y el secretario de Estado Root, manifestaron a la representación mexicana en Estados Unidos su deseo de que las naciones latinoamericanas sostuvieran el corolario Roosevelt a la Doctrina Monroe. El ensayo reflexiona sobre esta propuesta y las acciones del gobierno mexicano dentro del contexto internacional.</p>
México y Estados Unidos frente a Centroamérica: las Conferencias de Paz de 1906 y 1907
Authors: Toussaint Mónica 
Published: January 2016

<p>Durante los primeros años del siglo xx , los conflictos políticos entre los países centroamericanos se incrementaron . Por ello los presidentes de Estados Unidos y de México, Theodore Roosevelt y Porfirio Diaz, optaron por una política mediadora para promover la paz en la región y defender sus intereses en el istmo</p>