bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal Quality Index Estimator for Complex-Lead type ECG beat detectors
Authors: Hintermüller Christoph , Blessberger Hermann , Steinwender Clemens 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Electro Cardio Gram is a very valuable clinical tool to access the electric function of the heart. It provides insight into the different phases of the heart beat and various kinds of disorders which may affect them. In the past decades various algorithms to detect and delineate ECG beats have been developed. The complex-lead based algorithms compute a virtual-lead by averaging the samples of an arbitrary number of channels. In this study exponential weighted moving powers based estimates for the skewness, kurtosis and signal to noise ratio are used to select the channels which are included in the resulting complex lead signal. According to these parameters the channels are labelled bad, poor, scaled and good. A weighted average is used to to compute the next sample of the complex lead from the channels labelled good and scaled. The 75 30minutes records of the ”St.-Petersburg Institute of Cardiological Technics 12-lead Arrhythmia Database” are used to evaluate the proposed approach. The average sensitivity increases to 99.61% and to 99.63% in total compared to 99.57% and 99.59% for the standard approach. The average and overall specificity increases to 99.65% and the F1 and F-M scores to 0.9964. This shows that the estimates provide sufficient information about the quality, to successfully reduce the distortion of the complex-lead signal by artefacts and strong muscle signals while avoiding the additional time delay imposed by standard window based methods.
A1 adenosine receptor evoked Ca2+ signals in astrocytes
Authors: Kienleitner Filip , Lenk Kerstin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In addition to neurons, glial cells make up the nervous system. These glial cells are divided into macroglial cells - including astrocytes - and microglial cells. Astrocytes have several important functions in the central nervous system, such as synthesizing transmitters and releasing them, thereby activating the surrounding neurons and astrocytes. Astrocytes do not generate action potentials, but they can transmit information to neighboring cells and react to external stimuli by employing Ca2+ dynamics. Increased neuronal activity can lead to an increased extracellular level of adenosine, reflected by a change in the metabolic state. Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside distributed throughout the body as a metabolic intermediary. Its action is mediated by binding to adenosine receptors, such as the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) A1 adenosine receptor. The binding of adenosine to the specific receptor type activates different signaling pathways in astrocytes. In our work, we studied Ca2+ signals generated upon adenosine A1 receptor activation by adding the pathway to the computational astrocyte model by Oschmann et.al (2017). We investigated the influence of the high-affinity A1 adenosine receptor in various astrocyte domains on the regulated Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of astrocytes and concluded that the receptor-dependent pathway contributes to Ca2+ signals mainly in the soma.
Influence of Glutamate Transporter Densities on Glutamate Transporter Currents and Ca2+ Dynamics in Astrocytes due to Aging Processes
Authors: Koch Melanie Anna , Lenk Kerstin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Astrocytes are specialized glial cells that cover the entire central nervous system and play an important role in synaptic transmission as well as ion and neurotransmitter homeostasis. Since the functions of astrocytes are very complex, computer models can aid experiments. We used the multi-compartment model from Oschmann et al. (2017) to analyze the effects of glutamate transporters. Those transporters are important for the removal of glutamate from the synaptic cleft as well as on the Ca2+ dynamics and the glutamate currents. Several studies have shown that the expression of these transporters changes during the course of life and that there can be a natural decline with increasing age. This may be one of the most important risk factors in neurodegenerative diseases. For this reason, we analyzed the influence of the different protein densities of the glutamate transporters EAAT1/GLAST and EAAT2/GLT-1 regarding different age groups and species, taking into account data generated in vivo and in vitro.
EEG-based Incongruency Decoding in AR with sLDA, SVM, and EEGNet
Authors: Wimmer Michael , Veas Eduardo E. , Müller-Putz Gernot R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) technologies enhance a user’s physical environment by providing contextual information about their surroundings. This information might appear incongruent to users, either due to their current mental context or factual errors in the data. This paper explores the feasibility of incongruency decoding using electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from 19 participants acquired during an interactive AR task. Previous studies on single-trial N400 decoding for brain-computer interfaces using EEG data are limited. Therefore, we implemented commonly used classification approaches and assessed their decoding performance compared to the convolutional neural network EEGNet. We found that the investigated approaches offer comparable accuracies ranging from 63.3% to 64.8%. Successful decoding of incongruency effects can foster more contextually appropriate interactions within AR environments.
Probabilistic reduction and constructionalization: a usage-based diachronic account of the diffusion and conventionalization of the Spanish la de <noun> que construction
Authors: Marttinen Larsson Matti 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper scrutinizes the conventionalization of the Spanish expression la de <noun> que (‘the amount of <noun> that’), a reduced variant of la cantidad de <noun> que. The study seeks to determine the diachrony of and mechanisms underlying the emergence and diffusion of the la de <noun> que expression and whether it has conventionalized to develop into an independent form-function pairing. A Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression analysis of approximately 2000 observations of diachronic corpus data tests the influence of the conditional probability of lexemes in the noun slot and the register, which both turn out to have a meaningful effect. It is argued that the initial omission of cantidad can be accounted for by appealing to the notion of probabilistic reduction, whereby omission is feasible in contexts involving a high degree of constructional predictability. In the mapping out of change, conventionalization of the innovative la de <noun> que is most observable in contexts involving high constructional predictability and is least prominent in contexts of low constructional predictability. On the grounds that, over time, the la de <noun> que progressively has become stylistically divergent from the longer expression, the two constructions are claimed to be functionally distinct.
The use of the semi-lexical word ‘while’ by non-native (Polish) and native users of English based on corpora studies
Authors: Świątek Artur 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The objective of the article is the theoretical and practical analysis of the use of the semi-lexical word1 ‘while’ by Polish (non-native) users of English representing different proficiency groups (B2-C2, in accordance with CEFR, which stands for Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) as well as by native users of English. The practical part of the article will be centred on the demonstration of the use of the afore-mentioned word based on the available corpus of L2 users (PELCRA – PLEC). The first acronym denotes Polish and English Language and Corpora for Research and Applications (PELCRA), which is the result of scientific work of the scholars from the University of Łódź. The other one (PLEC), stands for PELCRA English Learner Corpus (see the References section below). It is commonly known that learners/students find it difficult to use semi-lexical words properly, as they are differently realised in their native language. It is generally assumed that learners/students will demonstrate different strategies in the use of the word in question. The strategies selected by them will revolve around hesitations, overuse, avoidance, lack of decisions in the use of the above word. Hence such idea of the research occurred, the objective of which is to verify and demonstrate learners’/students’ performance with reference to the selected word, which is challenging depending on the available contexts.
Cheap Labour on the Timber Frontier: Migration of Forestry Workers from Austria- Hungary to Southeast Europe, ca. 1880–1914
Authors: Daheur Jawad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
By considering the expansion of the timber trade in southeast Europe as a resource frontier, this article explores the relationships between the transformation of the technical and material conditions of forest exploitation and the development of its labour force. Previous studies have identified the period from about 1880 to 1914 as the last phase of the European timber frontier, with new areas of virgin forest being integrated into the European market. During this period, the arrival of foreign industrialists led to a radical transformation of working conditions, both in terms of quantity and quality. A study of the migration process shows that workers from Austria-Hungary provided a reservoir of labour. A thorough analysis of working and living conditions also helps to understand how migrant labour was necessary to keep costs low enough to maintain the profits of large timber companies. Finally, this study contributes to our knowledge of labour issues in the context of the expanding resource frontiers of the late nineteenth century.
Losing Influence: The Changing Role of the Merchant Community of Danzig in the Timber Value Chain (1919–1939)
Authors: Segreto Luciano 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The article highlights the changing role of the merchant community of Danzig after the establishment of the Second Republic of Poland and the Free City of Danzig. The research question is both economic and political-institutional. It tries to understand how the merchants’ community reacted to a different political and institutional framework after 1918, which limited many initiatives of the economic and business actors of the Free City. While until World War I, local merchants controlled and directed the whole timber value chain, after 1918, they were just the final ring of a long chain in the hands of Polish forest owners, including the State administration. Despite their professionalism and experience, their autonomy was reduced to their long-term contacts with business partners in Great Britain.
Networks of Supply and Elite Consumers in England and Germany, c. 1750–1830
Authors: Overkamp Anne Sophie , Stobart Jon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This comparative study explores the consumption practices and systems of supply of elite families in England and Germany from the middle of the eighteenth into the early nineteenth century. The paper focuses on three key elements of elite consumption – silverware, livery, and wine – to tease out important aspects of the elite’s use of consumer goods as a means of self-expression and for the construction of status. The study identifies important differences as well as similarities between English and German retail systems and in doing so further questions the notion of a single model of retail development: Germany was not a stage behind England on a linear development trajectory, but was instead characterised by a dispersed yet integrated system of retail centres. The complex interplay of local, regional and national systems of supply highlighted in this study has implications far beyond these elite families and invites a reassessment of the prevalent notions of consumption history.
Synthesis, structural transformation and magnetic properties of the Nd(III)-doped Fe3−x
Nd
x
O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.9): an analogue for actinicles immobilization
Authors: Wang Zaihong , Lu Yongheng , Cai Zhenfang , Yabin He  , Sun Yiqiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Magnetite (Fe3O4) is increasingly valued for its excellent performance on radioactive wastes disposal. Here, Fe3−x
Nd
x
O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) components are synthesized using a co-precipitation method to simulate the solidification capacity for trivalent actinides in Fe3O4. These components are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman, demonstrating that with the increasement of Nd(III) content, the samples gradually transformed from inverse spinel to orthorhombic phase. And x ≤ 0.6, Nd(III) can be solidified to Fe3O4 lattice via replacing octahedron Fe(III). Furthermore, the vibrating sample magnetometer tests manifest that Fe3−x
Nd
x
O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) components hold the capable of responding to external magnetic field, which makes magnetic separation feasible. Our findings are expected to provide a promising idea for radioactive wastes disposal.
Linguistic discrimination and diversity: the pivotal role of linguistics in the University of Pennsylvania’s writing program
Authors: Jeoung Helen , Ross Valerie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper outlines a unit on linguistics in the curriculum of the writing seminar taken by all undergraduate students at the University of Pennsylvania. The linguistic unit introduces undergraduates to key concepts from linguistic scholarship, and compels students to engage with these language issues in order to advance their consciousness of linguistic inequity and their appreciation of linguistic diversity. Taking our cue from linguists, the unit focuses on the descriptive and contrasts it with the prescriptive approach with which they are typically accustomed. It introduces foundational ideas about language, languaging, and linguistic discrimination through readings and videos. Students write guided reflections in response to the readings and screenings, culminating in a personal narrative and questions they share with their peers on an online discussion board, exploring their own and others’ language use or language attitudes. Upon completion of this unit, many students confirm one of the unit’s learning outcomes by expressing a new awareness of a linguistic climate that they had previously assumed was neutral. Our goal, in part, is to render the campus’s linguistic climate more equitable by advancing students’ consciousness of linguistic inequity and appreciation of the rich diversity of their voices.
Preparation, types, and applications of one- and two-dimensional nanochannels and their transport properties for water and ions
Authors: Fan Lei , Zheng Jinhao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Biological ion channels play an important role in living processes, such as maintaining osmotic pressure, signal transduction, and transmitting nerve impulses, and can selectively regulate the transmembrane transport of substances. Inspired by the structure and function of biological ion channels, researchers have prepared a variety of biomimetic nanochannels using advanced nanofabrication techniques to study the mechanism of ion transport in the nanoconfined space. In this study, we mainly introduce the current materials and preparation methods of nanochannels; compare the advantages and disadvantages of the current mainstream theoretical models and simulation software; clarify the influence of confinement effect and surface interface effect on the hydrogen bond structure characteristics and phase transition behavior of confined water in graphene nanochannels, revealing the driving effect of separation pressure in nanochannels on water transport, the micromechanical nature of the water flow boundary slip of nanochannels, and the dominant micromechanical mechanism behind the confined mass transfer phenomenon of nanochannels at different scales; and expound the regulation of nanomaterials based on ionic bond modification and the influence of ion transport properties in industrial desalination, energy enrichment, and detection. The future applications of nanochannel bionic design and regulation, ion-exchange filtration membranes, and ultra-high-speed water transport mechanisms are prospected.
Vezetői szerepek és szervezeti bizalom az „új normális”-ban
Authors: Szathmári Edit , Kiss Orhidea Edith 
Published: October 2024

Háttér és célkitűzések: A Covid–19-világjárvány utáni „új normális”-ban a munkamódszerek, a kommunikációs csatornák, ezáltal a szervezetek és vezetők mindennapjai tartósan megváltoztak, ráadásul újabb globális kihívások merülnek fel. Arra a kérdésre kerestük a választ, hogy az egyes vezetői szerepek hogyan alakulnak ebben a helyzetben a vezetők és beosztottaik szemszögéből, és ezek milyen kapcsolatban vannak a szervezeti bizalommal és a vezetési stílusokkal. Módszer: 47 magyar vezetővel készítettünk strukturált interjút, és megkértük őket, továbbítsanak egy online kérdőívet beosztottaiknak. A jelenlegi globális kihívások hatását, 21 vezetői szerep kognitív, affektív és viselkedéses dimenzióit és azok változását, a szervezeti bizalmat és a vezetési stílust vizsgáltuk mind a vezetők, mind a követők szemszögéből. Eredmények: Mind a vezetők, mind a beosztottak észlelték a vezetői szerepek változását, több esetben kimutatható a globális kihívások és az egyes szerepek jelentőségének változása közötti kapcsolat. A vezetők szerint leginkább a Monitorozó, Motiváló és Zavarelhárító szerepek jelentősége növekedett, ezzel szemben a Kultúraerősítő, Protokoll és Fejlesztő szerepek jelentősége csökkent leginkább. A szervezeti bizalom 15 vezetői szerepben észlelt eredményességgel járt együtt közepes mértékben. A beosztottak által észlelt eredményesség a legtöbb szerep esetében mind a transzformációs, mind a tranzakcionális vezetési stílussal pozitívan együtt járt. Ugyanakkor a beosztottak és a vezetők észlelése között kevés kapcsolatot találtunk. Következtetések: Vizsgálatunk során igazolódott, hogy a vezetői szerepek változóban vannak. A vezetői szerepek kognitív, viselkedéses és affektív attitűddimenziói között mutatkozó diszkrepanciák arra utalnak, hogy a változáshoz való alkalmazkodás folyamatban van. A globális kihívások mint facilitáló események katalizátorai lehetnek a vezetői szerepfelfogás és identitás továbbfejlesztésének, aminek gyakorlati következményeire is kitérünk.
Avian astrovirus caused mortality in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus, Linnaeus, 1758) farm in Hungary
Authors: Gál János , Ziszisz Árisz , Hoitsy Márton , Bali Krisztina , Kaszab Eszter , Tóth Tamás , Sós Endre , Sós-Koroknai Viktória , Marosán Miklós , Vincze Zoltán , Mándoki Míra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present the clinical symptoms, pathologic lesions and diagnostic possibilities of the avian astrovirus-related mortality in a pheasant colony. In addition to enteritis in chicks, we also confirmed acute nephrosis. The genome section of the astrovirus was detected and verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. After sequencing the isolated genome section based on BLAST driver analysis (601-base pair-long) avian astrovirus has the same ORF-1b gene as turkey astrovirus 1 (TAstV1).
'Muhammad and his Followers in Context: The Religious Map of Late Antique Arabia', by Ilkka Lindstedt
Authors: Nol Hagit 
Published: October 2024

Muhammad and his Followers in Context: The Religious Map of Late Antique Arabia Ilkka LindstedtBrill 2023. Islamic History and Civilization: Studies and Texts 209. 372pp., 7 ill., index. Hb 148€. ISBN-13: 9789004687127.
Maurice Denis – między awangardą a sztuką religijną
Authors: Dąbrowska Małgorzata 
Published: October 2024

Maurice Denis znany jest bardziej jako opiniotwórczy teoretyk niż jako twórca religijny i niestrudzony propagator nowoczesnej sztuki sakralnej. Bogata spuścizna krytyczna jego autorstwa obejmuje eseje na temat artystów mu współczesnych, recenzje z wystaw, manifesty programowe, opracowania dziejów sztuki sakralnej. Jego dzieło obrazuje ciągły dialog pomiędzy tradycją a nowoczesnością, prowadzony zarówno na płaszczyźnie teorii, jak i praktyki artystycznej. Francuski artysta był człowiekiem głęboko wierzącym, mającym od najmłodszych lat świadomość swego posłannictwa na polu sztuki. Nawet w najbardziej radykalnym okresie swojej twórczości, głosząc nadrzędność plastycznych środków oddziaływania nad iluzjonistycznie wyrażoną anegdotą, podejmował tematykę religijną. Maurice Denis doszedł do przekonania, iż każde wybitne dzieło jest symbolistyczne, przepełnione duchem mistycznym, gdyż oddaje powszechną harmonię będącą dziełem Stwórcy. Jego zachwyt nad twórczością mistrzów bizantyńskich, pracami włoskich prymitywów, wyrafinowanym malarstwem Poussina, a potem Puvis de Chavannes`a znajdują naturalną kontynuację w fascynacji odkryciami Gauguina i Cézanne`a. Nowy klasycyzm otworzył kolejny etap jego twórczości i refleksji krytycznej. Artysta zdołał pogodzić nowoczesną formę ekspresji z umiłowaniem tradycji i duchowością, o nie tylko religijnej proweniencji. To właśnie relacje pomiędzy sztuką, naturą i religią stanowią najistotniejszy temat przemyśleń artysty. Jak inni nabiści Maurice Denis wypowiedział się w wielu technikach i dyscyplinach plastycznych; mając świadomość potrzeby kształtowania gustu, przykładał wielką wagę do sztuki użytkowej. Odegrał znaczącą rolę w tworzeniu podstaw dla nowoczesnej sztuki sakralnej, nie tylko poprzez własne realizacje, ale także przez aktywność na polu Ateliers d'art sacré. Warto prześledzić teksty Denisa – teoretyka, by zobaczyć w jaki sposób artysta zdołał dostroić świadomość XX wieku i nowatorskie środki wyrazu do przekazywania głębokich mistycznych przeżyć, trwale przyczyniając się do modernizacji sztuki religijnej.
Insight on physical–mechanical properties of one-part alkali-activated materials based on volcanic deposits of Mt. Etna (Italy) and their durability against ageing tests
Authors: Finocchiaro Claudio , Barone Germana , Mazzoleni Paolo , Cultrone Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in one-part alkali-activated materials, which utilize solid-form alkali activators, within the construction industry. This approach is becoming popular due to its simpler and safer application for cast-in-situ purposes, as compared to the conventional two-part method. At this purpose, we have pioneered the use of volcanic deposits of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy) as precursor for the synthesis of a unique one-part formulation. This was done to assess its performance against both traditional and two-part alkali-activated materials. The study employed a comprehensive range of investigative techniques including X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydric tests, mercury intrusion porosimetry, ultrasound, infrared thermography, spectrophotometry, contact angle measurements, uniaxial compressive strength tests, as well as durability tests by salt crystallization and freeze–thaw cycles. The key findings on the studied samples are as follows: i) small size of pores and slow absorption-drying cycles; ii) satisfying compactness and uniaxial compressive strengths for building and restoration interventions; iii) high hydrophily of the surfaces; iv) lower heating dispersion than traditional materials; v) significant damage at the end of the salt crystallization test; vi) excellent resistance to freeze–thaw cycles. These newly developed materials hold promises as environmentally friendly options for construction applications. They offer a simplified mixing process in contrast to the conventional two-part alkali-activated materials, thus providing an added advantage to this class of materials.