bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving performance of GPU code using novel features of the NVIDIA kepler architecture
Authors: Li Yuanzhe , Schwiebert Loren , Hailat Eyad , Mick Jason , Potoff Jeffrey 
Published: January 2016

SummaryGraphics processing unit (GPU) computing is a popular approach to simulating complex models and performing massive calculations. GPUs have attracted a great deal of interest because they offer both high performance and energy efficiency. Efficient General‐Purpose computation on Graphics Processing Units requires good parallelism, memory coalescing, regular memory access, small overhead on data exchange between the CPU and the GPU, and few explicit global synchronizations, which are usually gained from optimizing the algorithms. Besides these advantages, the proper use of some novel features provided on NVIDIA GPUs can offer further improvement. In this paper, we modify an existing optimized GPU application to illustrate the potential performance gains of these features and to demonstrate the performance trade offs of different implementation choices. The paper focuses on the challenges of reducing interactions between CPU and GPU and reducing the use of explicit synchronization. We explain how to achieve these objectives using two features of the Kepler architecture, warp shuffle, and dynamic parallelism. We find that a judicious use of these two techniques, eliminating repeated operations and synchronizations, results in significantly better performance. We describe various pitfalls encountered in optimizing our code to use these two features and how these were addressed. In particular, we identify a subtle data race condition when using dynamic parallelism under certain circumstances, and present our solution. Finally, we present a technique to trade off the allocation of various device resources to find the parameters that offer the best performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A restricted proxy re‐encryption with keyword search for fine‐grained data access control in cloud storage
Authors: Chen Zhenhua , Li Shundong , Huang Qiong , Wang Yilei , Zhou Sufang 
Published: January 2016

SummaryFor fine‐grained data access control in cloud computing, for the first time, we introduce a new concept called restricted proxy re‐encryption with keyword search, which combines the function of proxy re‐encryption with keyword search and that of threshold cryptosystem. To demonstrate this concept, we present the formal syntax for restricted proxy re‐encryption with keyword search, the security model, and a concrete construction. In our scheme, we take advantage of the techniques of threshold cryptosystem to restrict the capacity of the proxy cloud server, and in the meantime, we let the proxy cloud server can only re‐encrypt the data containing a specified keyword, which matches the trapdoor from delegatee to provide an accurate access control for users. While in this process, the proxy cloud server learns nothing about the contents of data and keyword. Our scheme is proved to be semantically secure under the modified bilinear Diffie–Hellman assumption and the q‐decisional bilinear Diffie–Hellman inversion assumption in the random oracle model. Finally, we apply the techniques in our scheme to some practical problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An implementation and evaluation of the MPI 3.0 one‐sided communication interface
Authors: Dinan James , Balaji Pavan , Buntinas Darius , Goodell David , Gropp William , Thakur Rajeev 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe Message Passing Interface (MPI) 3.0 standard includes a significant revision to MPI's remote memory access (RMA) interface, which provides support for one‐sided communication. MPI‐3 RMA is expected to greatly enhance the usability and performance of MPI RMA. We present the first complete implementation of MPI‐3 RMA and document implementation techniques and performance optimization opportunities enabled by the new interface. Our implementation targets messaging‐based networks and is publicly available in the latest release of the MPICH MPI implementation. Using this implementation, we explore the performance impact of new MPI‐3 functionality and semantics. Results indicate that the MPI‐3 RMA interface provides significant advantages over the MPI‐2 interface by enabling increased communication concurrency through relaxed semantics in the interface and additional routines that provide new window types, synchronization modes, and atomic operations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen Bonding in Liquid Water and in the Hydration Shell of Salts
Authors: Dagade Dilip H. , Barge Seema S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA near‐IR spectral study on pure water and aqueous salt solutions is used to investigate stoichiometric concentrations of different types of hydrogen‐bonded water species in liquid water and in water comprising the hydration shell of salts. Analysis of the thermodynamics of hydrogen‐bond formation signifies that hydrogen‐bond making and breaking processes are dominated by enthalpy with non‐negligible heat capacity effects, as revealed by the temperature dependence of standard molar enthalpies of hydrogen‐bond formation and from analysis of the linear enthalpy–entropy compensation effects. A generalized method is proposed for the simultaneous calculation of the spectrum of water in the hydration shell and hydration number of solutes. Resolved spectra of water in the hydration shell of different salts clearly differentiate hydrogen bonding of water in the hydration shell around cations and anions. A comparison of resolved liquid water spectra and resolved hydration‐shell spectra of ions highlights that the ordering of absorption frequencies of different kinds of hydrogen‐bonded water species is also preserved in the bound state with significant changes in band position, band width, and band intensity because of the polarization of water molecules in the vicinity of ions.
Bay‐Annulated Perylene Tetraesters: A New Class of Discotic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Gupta Ravindra Kumar , Pathak Suraj Kumar , Pradhan Balaram , Gupta Monika , Pal Santanu Kumar , Sudhakar Achalkumar Ammathnadu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSelenium‐annulated perylene tetraesters that stabilize the hexagonal columnar phase have been synthesized and characterized, and their thermal and photophysical behavior has been determined. The mesophase range decreased with an increase in chain length. A comparative account of the structure–property relationships of this series of compounds with respect to parent perylene tetraesters, N‐ and S‐annulated perylene tetraesters, in terms of their thermal, photophysical and electrochemical behavior is provided. The bay‐annulation of perylene tetraesters is a good option to modify the thermal and photophysical properties of perylene derivatives and it can provide a new avenue for the synthesis of several technologically important self‐assembling perylene derivatives.
Influence of Metal Oxides on Platinum Activity towards Methanol Oxidation in H2SO4 solution
Authors: Hameed R. M. Abdel , Amin R. S. , El‐Khatib K. M. , Fetohi Amani E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPt–CeO2/C, Pt–TiO2/C, and Pt–ZrO2/C electrocatalysts were prepared by using a modified microwave‐assisted polyol process. Physical characterization was performed by using XRD, TEM, and EDX analyses. The incorporation of different metal oxides increased the dispersion degree of Pt nanoparticles and reduced their diameter to 2.50 and 2.33 nm when TiO2 and ZrO2 were introduced to Pt/C, respectively. The electrocatalytic activity of various electrocatalysts was examined towards methanol oxidation in H2SO4 solution by using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Among the studied composites, Pt–ZrO2/C was selected to be a candidate electrocatalyst for better electrochemical performance in direct methanol fuel cells.
Controlled Logic Gates—Switch Gate and Fredkin Gate Based on Enzyme‐Biocatalyzed Reactions Realized in Flow Cells
Authors: Fratto Brian E. , Katz Evgeny 
Published: January 2016

AbstractControlled logic gates, where the logic operations on the Data inputs are performed in the way determined by the Control signal, were designed in a chemical fashion. Specifically, the systems where the Data output signals directed to various output channels depending on the logic value of the Control input signal have been designed based on enzyme biocatalyzed reactions performed in a multi‐cell flow system. In the Switch gate one Data signal was directed to one of two possible output channels depending on the logic value of the Control input signal. In the reversible Fredkin gate the routing of two Data signals between two output channels is controlled by the third Control signal. The flow devices were created using a network of flow cells, each modified with one enzyme that biocatalyzed one chemical reaction. The enzymatic cascade was realized by moving the solution from one reacting cell to another which were organized in a specific network. The modular design of the enzyme‐based systems realized in the flow device allowed easy reconfiguration of the logic system, thus allowing simple extension of the logic operation from the 2‐input/3‐output channels in the Switch gate to the 3‐input/3‐output channels in the Fredkin gate. Further increase of the system complexity for realization of various logic processes is feasible with the use of the flow cell modular design.
Static and Dynamical Structural Investigations of Metal‐Oxide Nanocrystals by Powder X‐ray Diffraction: Colloidal Tungsten Oxide as a Case Study
Authors: Caliandro Rocco , Sibillano Teresa , Belviso B. Danilo , Scarfiello Riccardo , Hanson Jonathan C. , Dooryhee Eric , Manca Michele , Cozzoli P. Davide , Giannini Cinzia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe have developed a general X‐ray powder diffraction (XPD) methodology for the simultaneous structural and compositional characterization of inorganic nanomaterials. The approach is validated on colloidal tungsten oxide nanocrystals (WO3−x NCs), as a model polymorphic nanoscale material system. Rod‐shaped WO3‐x NCs with different crystal structure and stoichiometry are comparatively investigated under an inert atmosphere and after prolonged air exposure. An initial structural model for the as‐synthesized NCs is preliminarily identified by means of Rietveld analysis against several reference crystal phases, followed by atomic pair distribution function (PDF) refinement of the best‐matching candidates (static analysis). Subtle stoichiometry deviations from the corresponding bulk standards are revealed. NCs exposed to air at room temperature are monitored by XPD measurements at scheduled time intervals. The static PDF analysis is complemented with an investigation into the evolution of the WO3−x NC structure, performed by applying the modulation enhanced diffraction technique to the whole time series of XPD profiles (dynamical analysis). Prolonged contact with ambient air is found to cause an appreciable increase in the static disorder of the O atoms in the WO3−x NC lattice, rather than a variation in stoichiometry. The time behavior of such structural change is identified on the basis of multivariate analysis.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube–Zinc Manganate Nanoparticles as Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Mondal Anjon Kumar , Liu Hao , Xie Xiuqiang , Kretschmer Katja , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)–ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles were fabricated by a hydrothermal method without further thermal treatment. The morphology and microstructure were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. Owing to the synergistic effect and strongly coupled interaction between the MWCNTs and ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles, the MWCNT–ZnMn2O4 composite material exhibited a higher specific capacity of 809 mA h g−1, good rate capability and stable cycling performance compared to both pristine ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles and MWCNTs, indicating it to be a promising anode material for lithium ion battery applications.
Cuprous Oxide as a Potential Low‐Cost Hole‐Transport Material for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Nejand Bahram Abdollahi , Ahmadi Vahid , Gharibzadeh Saba , Shahverdi Hamid Reza 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInorganic hole‐transport materials are commercially desired to decrease the fabrication cost of perovskite solar cells. Here, Cu2O is introduced as a potential hole‐transport material for stable, low‐cost devices. Considering that Cu2O formation is highly sensitive to the underlying mixture of perovskite precursors and their solvents, we proposed and engineered a technique for reactive magnetron sputtering. The rotational angular deposition of Cu2O yields high surface coverage of the perovskite layer for high rate of charge extraction. Deposition of this Cu2O layer on the pinhole‐free perovskite layer produces devices with power conversion efficiency values of up to 8.93 %. The engineered Cu2O layers showed uniform, compact, and crack‐free surfaces on the perovskite layer without affecting the perovskite structure, which is desired for deposition of the top metal contact and for surface shielding against moisture and mechanical damages.
High Performance Particle/Polymer Nanofiber Anodes for Li‐ion Batteries using Electrospinning
Authors: Self Ethan C. , McRen Emily C. , Pintauro Peter N. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractElectrospun nanofiber mats containing carbon nanoparticles in a poly(vinylidene fluoride) binder were prepared and characterized as Li‐ion battery anodes. The mats exhibited an initial capacity of 161 mAh g−1 with 91.7 % capacity retention after 510 cycles at 0.1 C (1 C=372 mA gcarbon−1). Whereas many nanoscale electrodes are limited to low areal and/or volumetric capacities, the particle/polymer nanofiber anodes can be made thick with a high fiber volume fraction while maintaining good rate capabilities. Thus, a nanofiber anode with a fiber volume fraction of 0.79 exhibits a volumetric capacity of 55 mAh cm−3 at 2 C, which is twice that of a typical graphite anode. Similarly, thick nanofiber mats with a high areal capacity of 4.3 mAh cm−2 were prepared and characterized. The excellent performance of electrospun anodes is attributed to electrolyte intrusion throughout the interfiber void space and efficient Li+ transport between the electrolyte and carbon nanoparticles in the radial fiber direction.
Direct Hydrogenation of Biobased Carboxylic Acids Mediated by a Nitrogen‐centered Tridentate Phosphine Ligand
Authors: Deng Li , Kang Bin , Englert Ulli , Klankermayer Jürgen , Palkovits Regina 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA novel nitrogen‐centered tridentate ligand was identified from a series of multidentate ligands and applied for the direct hydrogenation of 9 biogenic acids into alcohols, lactones and esters with high yields. Comparison of substrates and ruthenium precursors suggested that the RuII hydride cationic species was more active to transform acids than the corresponding lactone or esters.
Application of the modified IDA‐PBC for shunt active power filters control
Authors: Serra Federico M. , De Angelo Cristian H. , Forchetti Daniel G. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe design of a passivity‐based nonlinear controller for a shunt active power filter to be used for the compensation of harmonic currents consumed by nonlinear loads is presented in this paper. The main objective of designed controller is to inject the necessary compensation current into the system so that the grid current is sinusoidal and balanced, regardless of whether the grid voltage is unbalanced and/or distorted. The references for the compensation currents are obtained from applying the pq theory. The controller is designed on the basis of a modified interconnection and damping assignment technique, which allows solving a tracking control problem. An integral action controller is added to the proposed controller using the same design technique, in order to eliminate the errors produced by parameter variations or uncertainties. The behavior of the proposed control strategy is validated through simulation using a realistic model, which includes converter switching and losses, grid distortion, and parameter variations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic value of liquid‐based cytology with fine needle aspiration specimens for cervical lymphadenopathy
Authors: Bandoh Nobuyuki , Goto Takashi , Akahane Toshiaki , Ohnuki Natsumi , Yamaguchi Tomomi , Kamada Hajime , Harabuchi Yasuaki , Tanaka Shinya , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundCervical lymphadenopathy is a symptom that is frequently seen among outpatients, and it is important to differentiate malignant lesions from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology has been widely used for the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy. However, some limitations of the diagnostic accuracy using conventional smear (CS) cytology have been pointed out. The diagnostic value of liquid‐based cytology (LBC) with FNA specimens has not yet been fully proven.MethodsForty‐two patients with cervical lymphadenopathy who underwent FNA with CS cytology from 2007 to 2011 and 123 patients who underwent FNA with LBC utilizing LBCPREP2™ from 2011 to 2015 were studied. Diagnostic values were compared between the CS and the LBC groups.ResultsOf the total 165 patients representing the combined CS and LBC groups, 81 (49.1%) were diagnosed as benign lymph node and 84 (50.9%) were malignant diseases including 37 (22.4%) of metastatic carcinoma except for thyroid carcinoma, 30 (18.2%) of metastatic thyroid carcinoma, and 17 (10.3%) of malignant lymphoma. The overall statistical values including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the CS were 75%, 100%, 100%, 78.9%, and 87.1%, respectively, whereas those values for LBC were 91.2%, 100%, 100%, 90.7%, and 95.3%, respectively. The sensitivity of LBC for malignant diseases tended to be higher than that of CS cytology (p = 0.081).ConclusionLBC with FNA specimens from cervical lymphadenopathy is a useful and reliable method for the diagnosis of malignant diseases, especially of metastatic carcinomas, due to its increased sensitivity compared with CS cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:169–176. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organomineralization processes in freshwater stromatolites: a living example from eastern Patagonia
Authors: Pacton Muriel , Hunger Gabriel , Martinuzzi Vincent , Cusminsky Gabriela , Burdin Beatrice , Barmettler Kurt , Vasconcelos Crisogono , Ariztegui Daniel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLiving stromatolites have been mostly described within shallow marine and (hyper)saline lacustrine environments. Southernmost South America lacks detailed investigations of these (organo)sedimentary buildups, particularly in regions experiencing extreme and variable environmental conditions. Here, we report and describe living freshwater stromatolites in the Maquinchao region, north‐western Patagonia, Argentina. Fossil stromatolites characterized by globular and cauliflower shapes are also present in a continuous palaeoshoreline of a former lake at an altitude of 830 m, whereas their living counterparts only occur in the calm waters of sheltered or meandering sections of the Maquinchao River. The living stromatolites and their host waters have been sampled and studied using various chemical and microscopic techniques to better constrain the environmental versus biological factors controlling their development. Our results indicate that today stromatolites only proliferate in freshwater when Ca2+ levels are high. A microscopic inspection of the living stromatolite mat indicates stronger photosynthetic activity in the upper green layer associated with crypto/microcrystalline calcite (nanoglobules) compared to the lower beige‐white biofilm. This biofilm contains more low‐Mg calcite (rhombohedra) precipitates, which can form millimetre‐sized aggregates in the underlying anoxic layer. Although sulphate‐reducing bacteria are living in the entire mat, they appear more abundant and widely distributed in the lower beige‐white layer and are always associated with Mg calcite. Low salinity and low‐turbidity water along with microbial (photosynthetic and heterotrophic) activity are the most important factors promoting low‐Mg calcite precipitation in the Maquinchao Basin. These conditions are very different from those proposed for recently described lacustrine stromatolites at high altitude in the subtropical and tropical Andes as well as in Chilean Patagonia. Hence, all these observations in modern freshwater stromatolites show the importance of geomicrobiological studies in identifying proxies of the hydrological conditions prevailing during their formation.
Maternal adjustment or constraint: differential effects of food availability on maternal deposition of macro‐nutrients, steroids and thyroid hormones in rock pigeon eggs
Authors: Hsu Bin‐Yan , Dijkstra Cor , Darras Veerle M. , de Vries Bonnie , Groothuis Ton G.G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn oviparous species like birds, eggs provide the direct environment in which embryos are developing. Mothers may adjust different egg components in different ways in reaction to environmental cues either to adjust offspring development or because of constraints. In this study, we investigated the effects of food quality and quantity before and during egg laying on three different aspects of egg quality: macro‐nutrients (egg and yolk mass), androgens (testosterone and androstenedione), and thyroid hormones (3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine,T3 andl‐thyroxine,T4), using therock pigeon (Columba livia). As expected, egg and yolk mass were significantly reduced for the eggs laid under the poor‐food condition, indicating a maternal trade‐off between offspring and self in allocating important resources. We did not find any significant change in yolk testosterone or their within‐clutch pattern over the laying sequence. This is consistent with the fact that, in contrast with nutrients, these hormones are not costly to produce, but does not support the hypothesis that they play a role in adjusting brood size to food conditions. In contrast, we found thatT3 levels were higher in the egg yolks under the poor‐food condition whereas the totalT4 content was lower. This change could be related to the fact that iodine, the critical constituent of thyroid hormones, might be a limiting factor in the production of this hormone. Given the knowledge that food restriction usually lead to reduction of circulatingT3 levels, our results suggested that avian mothers can independently regulate its concentrations in their eggs from their own circulation. The study demonstrates that environmentally induced maternal effects via the egg can be a result of a combination of constrained resources and unconstrained signals and that thyroid hormones might be an interesting case of both. Therefore, this hormone and the interplay of different maternal effects on the offspring phenotype deserve much more attention.