bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive plants threaten the least mobile butterflies in Switzerland
Authors: Gallien Laure , Altermatt Florian , Wiemers Martin , Schweiger Oliver , Zimmermann Niklaus E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimBiological invasions are today the second‐largest global threat for biodiversity. Once introduced, exotic plant species can modify ecosystem composition, structure and dynamics, eventually driving native species to local extinction. Among the groups of organisms, most likely to be directly affected by exotic invasive plants are herbivorous insects, such as butterflies, which strongly depend on plants throughout their life cycle. However, it remains unclear whether invasive plants have a negative or a positive effect on butterfly diversity at a landscape scale.LocationSwitzerland.MethodsUsing an extensive inventory (393 sites across Switzerland) of both butterfly and invasive plants, we explore the impact of 31 invasive black listed plant species on local butterfly richness. We further identify each butterfly species’ response to invasive plants (i.e. positive, neutral or negative) and analyse the functional and phylogenetic characteristics of these different groups of species.ResultsOur results indicate that butterfly richness negatively correlates with an increase in invasive plant richness. When studying the individual response of each butterfly species to the number of invasive plants, we found that no single butterfly is profiting from invasive plant species, while 28 butterfly species (24%) suffer from the presence of invasive plants. We further show that the species negatively affected are on average less mobile than the unaffected species and that they are phylogenetically clustered.Main conclusionsOur results present evidences of the influence of invasive species on other trophic levels and interaction networks. We further highlight that a lack of management efforts for mitigating invasive plant impacts threatens specific sections of the functional and phylogenetic diversity of butterflies.
An Agency‐Based Capability Theory of Justice
Authors: Claassen Rutger 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe capability approach is one of the main contenders in the field of theorizing social justice. Each citizen is entitled to a set of basic capabilities. But which are these? Martha Nussbaum formulated a set of ten central capabilities. Amartya Sen argued they should be selected in a process of public reasoning. Critics object that the Nussbaum‐approach is too perfectionist and the Sen‐approach is too proceduralist. This paper presents a third alternative: a substantive but non‐perfectionist capability theory of justice. It presents a two‐level concept of individual agency as connected to social practices. It then argues basic capabilities are those necessary to for the agency necessary to navigate freely and autonomously between different social practices.
Memory performance on the story recall test and prediction of cognitive dysfunction progression in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dementia
Authors: Park Jong‐Hwan , Park Hyuntae , Sohn Sang Wuk , Kim Sungjae , Park Kyung Won 
Published: December 2016

AimTo determine the factors that influence diagnosis and differentiation of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's dementia (AD) by comparing memory test results at baseline with those at 1–2‐year follow up.MethodsWe consecutively recruited 23 healthy participants, 44 MCI patients and 27 patients with very mild AD according to the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorder Association criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease and Petersen's clinical diagnostic criteria. We carried out detailed neuropsychological tests, including the Story Recall Test (SRT) and the Seoul Verbal Learning Test, for all participants. We defined study participants as the “progression group” as follows: (i) participants who showed conversion to dementia from the MCI state; and (ii) those with dementia who showed more than a three‐point decrement in their Mini‐Mental State Examination scores with accompanying functional decline from baseline status, which were ascertained by physician's clinical judgment.ResultsThe SRT delayed recall scores were significantly lower in the patients with mild AD than in those with MCI and after progression. Lower (relative risk 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.1–1.6) and higher SRT delayed recall scores (relative risk 2.1, confidence interval 1.0–2.8), and two‐test combined immediate and delayed recall scores (relative risk 2.0, confidence interval 0.9–2.3; and relative risk 2.8, confidence interval 1.1–4.2, respectively) were independent predictors of progression in a stepwise multiple adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, with age, sex, depression and educational level forced into the model.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that the SRT delayed recall score independently predicts progression to dementia in patients with MCI. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1603–1609.
Menstrual Migraine and Treatment Options: Review
Authors: Maasumi Kasra , Tepper Stewart J. , Kriegler Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveA review of treatment options for menstrual migraine.BackgroundMigraine affects ∼30 million people in the US. A subset of female migraineurs have migraines that are mainly associated with menstruation. Menstrual migraine (MM) is divided into pure MM and menstrually related migraine. Pure MM attacks occur only with menstruation and have a prevalence of 1%. Menstrually related migraine has a prevalence of 6‐7%, and occurs both during menstruation as well as during the rest of the cycle. MM is usually without aura and is more severe, longer lasting, and more resistant to treatment due to the effects of ovarian hormones, specifically estrogen. MM treatment is divided into acute, short‐term prophylaxis, and daily prevention. The best‐studied acute treatments are triptans. For short‐term prophylaxis, triptans, non‐triptans, or combinations are used. Some preventive medications may be used daily to prevent MM. Many anti‐epileptic medications used in migraine prevention can affect the efficacy of oral contraceptives and hormonal treatments, so caution is indicated when these are used.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Embase were searched for MM and treatments.ResultsMany randomized, placebo‐controlled, prospective studies have evaluated the efficacy of sumatriptan, rizatriptan, naratriptan, zolmitriptan, and almotriptan in MM. Reviewing numerous studies with statistically significant results, rizatriptan has the best overall evidence for acute treatment of MM, ranging from pain‐free responses of 33‐73% at 2 hours. Sumatriptan and rizatriptan have shown similar efficacies of 61‐63% in terms of 2 hour pain freedom. Rizatriptan showed sustained pain relief between 2 and 24 hours with an efficacy of 63% and sustained pain freedom for MM between 2 and 24 hours with an efficacy of 32%. For short‐term prevention of MM, there were four randomized controlled trials for frovatriptan taken twice daily, one trial for zolmitriptan taken three times daily, and two studies for naratriptan taken twice daily, all of which showed statistically significant results. Among studies on non‐triptans for short‐term prevention of MM, magnesium, estrogen, naproxen sodium, and dihydroergotamine all had statistically significant results. Many antiepileptic medications taken for prevention of MM can cause enzyme induction affecting oral contraceptives (OCs) and hormonal treatments to different degrees. Topiramate has the least effect on OCs at doses below 200 mg/day. Lamotrigine noticeably decreases oral contraceptive levels; however, the evidence for it as a preventive medication is not strong.ConclusionMM can be very difficult to treat. For acute treatments, rizatriptan has the best overall evidence. For short‐term prevention, frovatriptan, zolmitriptan, or naratriptan, as well as magnesium, estrogen, naproxen sodium, or dihydroergotamine may be useful.
Dynamics of phenotypic change: wing length declines in a resident farmland passerine despite survival advantage of longer wings
Authors: Dunn Jenny C. , Hamer Keith C. , Benton Tim G. 
Published: December 2016

In many taxa, environmental changes that alter resource availability and energetics, such as climate change and land use change, are associated with changes in body size. We use wing length as a proxy for overall structural body size to examine a paradoxical trend of declining wing length within a Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella population sampled over 21 years, in which it has been previously shown that longer wings are associated with higher survival rates. Higher temperatures during the previous winter (prior to the moult determining current wing length) explained 23% of wing length decrease within our population, but changes may also be correlated with non‐climatic environmental variation such as changes in farming mechanisms linked to food availability. We found no evidence for within‐individual wing length shrinkage with age, but our data suggested a progressive decline in the sizes of immature birds recruiting to the population. This trend was weaker, although not significantly so, among adults, suggesting that the decline in the sizes of recruits was offset by higher subsequent survival of larger birds post‐recruitment. These data suggest that ecological processes can contribute more than selection to observed phenotypic trends and highlight the importance of long‐term studies for providing longitudinal insights into population processes.
Are complications of stress urinary incontinence surgery procedures associated with the position of the sling?
Authors: Kociszewski Jacek , Fabian George , Grothey Susanne , Kuszka Andrzej , Zwierzchowska Aneta , Majkusiak Wojciech , Barcz Ewa 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether the sling position is associated with particular types of complications in patients undergoing suburethral sling placement for stress urinary incontinence.MethodsData from 100 women diagnosed at the Evangelical Hospital Hagen‐Haspe with complications after suburethral sling insertion were analyzed. All patients underwent pelvic floor ultrasound to assess: urethral length, sling location in relation to the urethral length (%) and the sling distance to the longitudinal smooth muscle complex of the urethra (the sling–longitudinal smooth muscle distance).ResultsThe shortest median sling–longitudinal smooth muscle distance was observed in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections, urinary retention and overactive bladder: 0.9, 1.1 and 1.75 mm, respectively (P < 0.05). In women with persistent stress urinary incontinence and sling erosion, the sling–longitudinal smooth muscle distance was 3.6 and 4.6 mm, respectively (P < 0.05). Persistent stress urinary incontinence was connected with the position of the sling in relation to the bladder neck – in these patients, the sling was closer to the bladder neck.ConclusionsSling location plays a pivotal role in the occurrence of certain complications. The sling position in the proximal part of the urethra or between the middle and proximal urethra appears to be connected with a high rate of unsuccessful stress urinary incontinence treatment. A sling–longitudinal smooth muscle distance below 2 mm is often connected with sling complications, such as overactive bladder, urinary retention and recurrent urinary tract infections.
A quantitative synthesis of the importance of variables used in MaxEnt species distribution models
Authors: Bradie Johanna , Leung Brian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo synthesize the species distribution modelling (SDM) literature to inform which variables have been used in MaxEnt models for different taxa and to quantify how frequently they have been important for species’ distributions.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe conducted a quantitative synthesis analysing the contribution of over 400 distinct environmental variables to 2040 MaxEntSDMs for nearly 1900 species representing over 300 families. Environmental variables were grouped into 24 related factors and results were analysed by examining the frequency with which variables were found to be most important, the mean contribution of each variable (at various taxonomic levels), and using TrueSkill™, a Bayesian skill rating system.ResultsPrecipitation, temperature, bathymetry, distance to water and habitat patch characteristics were the most important variables overall. Precipitation and temperature were analysed most frequently and one of these variables was often the most important predictor in the model (nearly 80% of models, when tested). Notably, distance to water was the most important variable in the highest proportion of models in which it was tested (42% of 225 models). For terrestrial species, precipitation, temperature and distance to water had the highest overall contributions, whereas for aquatic species, bathymetry, precipitation and temperature were most important.Main conclusionsOver all MaxEnt models published, the ability to discriminate occurrence from reference sites was high (averageAUC = 0.92). Much of this discriminatory ability was due to temperature and precipitation variables. Further, variability (temperature) and extremes (minimum precipitation) were the most predictive. More generally, the most commonly tested variables were not always the most predictive, with, for instance, ‘distance to water’ infrequently tested, but found to be very important when it was. Thus, the results from this study summarize the MaxEntSDMliterature, and can aid in variable selection by identifying underutilized, but potentially important variables, which could be incorporated in future modelling efforts.
Cementogenesis and osteogenesis in periodontal tissue regeneration by recombinant human transforming growth factor‐β3: a pilot study in Papio ursinus
Authors: Ripamonti Ugo , Parak Ruqayya , Klar Roland M. , Dickens Caroline , Dix‐Peek Therese , Duarte Raquel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate cementogenesis and alveolar bone induction during in vivo periodontal tissue regeneration upon implantation of hTGF‐β3 in furcation defects of Papio ursinus and to evaluate the feasibility of gene expression studies.Materials and MethodsClass II furcation defects (day 0) were prepared in mandibular first and second molars of three P. ursinus and on day 30 implanted with and without 75 μg hTGF‐β3 in Matrigel®matrix. On day 0, 30 and 90, cementum and alveolar bone were harvested for gene expression analyses. Coral‐derived bioreactors with and without 250 μg hTGF‐β3 were implanted in the rectus abdominis to monitor tissue induction.ResultshTGF‐β3 induced cementogenesis with TGF‐β3, Cementum Protein‐1 (Cemp1) and Osteocalcin (OC) up‐regulation, and down‐regulation of BMP‐2 and OP‐1. Matrigel®matrix specimens showed up‐regulation of BMP‐2, TGF‐β3, and OC, with down‐regulation of OP‐1 and Cemp1. hTGF‐β3 induced alveolar bone with down‐regulation of OP‐1, TGF‐β3, OC, and Cemp1. hTGF‐β3 bioreactors induced bone at the periphery only. BMP‐3, BMP‐4, TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β3 were up‐regulated in the adjacent muscle with TGF‐β2 down‐regulation.ConclusionsCementogenesis and osteogenesis by hTGF‐β3 entail the expression and up‐regulation of TGF‐β3 and OC with fine tuning and modulation of BMP‐2 and OP‐1.
Association of Serum Klotho with Loss of Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk in Older Adults
Authors: Chalhoub Didier , Marques Elisa , Meirelles Osorio , Semba Richard D. , Ferrucci Luigi , Satterfield Suzanne , Nevitt Michael , Cauley Jane A. , Harris Tamara ,   the Health ABC Study
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesKlotho deficiency has been previously linked to aging‐like phenotypes such as osteoporosis, cognitive impairment, and sarcopenia. Low serum klotho was shown to be related to grip strength and disability. Nonetheless, no previous study has explored the association between serum klotho and fractures. The purpose of this report is to examine the relationship of serum klotho with bone mineral density (BMD) loss and fractures in older adults.DesignThe Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study is a longitudinal cohort study of 3,075 community‐dwelling older adults.SettingUS clinical centers.ParticipantsTwo thousand seven hundred and seventy six well‐functioning black and white adults aged 70 to 79 years with serum klotho measurements were followed up for a median of 5 years.MeasurementsPercent annualized BMD change and fracture risk were compared across klotho quartiles. A Poisson distribution was used to calculate age‐adjusted fracture incidence rates, and Cox proportional hazards models for multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios.ResultsThe annualized percent changes in hip, femoral neck, and vertebral BMD were similar across klotho quartiles. Participants experienced 507 nonspine fractures, 203 hip fractures, and 135 vertebral fractures. The Incidence rate (IR) of nonspine fractures was 17 per 1,000 person‐years. The most frequent site was hip (IR = 6 per 1,000 person‐years) and the IR of vertebral fractures was 3 per 1,000 person‐years. There was no association between the lowest quartile of plasma klotho and nonspine (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.86–1.65), hip (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.79–2.27), or vertebral fractures (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.65–2.11).ConclusionAlthough klotho gene is a susceptible gene for reduced BMD, klotho blood concentration does not appear to be a predictor of bone loss or fracture risk in well‐functioning older adults.
Reliability and concurrent validity of a new iPhone® goniometric application for measuring active wrist range of motion: a cross‐sectional study in asymptomatic subjects
Authors: Pourahmadi Mohammad Reza , Ebrahimi Takamjani Ismail , Sarrafzadeh Javad , Bahramian Mehrdad , Mohseni‐Bandpei Mohammad Ali , Rajabzadeh Fatemeh , Taghipour Morteza 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMeasurement of wrist range of motion (ROM) is often considered to be an essential component of wrist physical examination. The measurement can be carried out through various instruments such as goniometers and inclinometers. Recent smartphones have been equipped with accelerometers and magnetometers, which, through specific software applications (apps) can be used for goniometric functions. This study, for the first time, aimed to evaluate the reliability and concurrent validity of a new smartphone goniometric app (Goniometer Pro©) for measuring active wrist ROM. In all, 120 wrists of 70 asymptomatic adults (38 men and 32 women; aged 18–40 years) were assessed in a physiotherapy clinic located at the School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science and Health Services, Tehran, Iran. Following the recruitment process, active wrist ROM was measured using a universal goniometer and iPhone® 5 app. Two blinded examiners each utilized the universal goniometer and iPhone® to measure active wrist ROM using a volar/dorsal alignment technique in the following sequences: flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation. The second (2 h later) and third (48 h later) sessions were carried out in the same manner as the first session. All the measurements were conducted three times and the mean value of three repetitions for each measurement was used for analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) models (3, k) and (2, k) were used to determine the intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients were used to establish concurrent validity of the iPhone® app. Good to excellent intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability was demonstrated for the goniometer with ICC values of ≥ 0.82 and ≥ 0.73 and the iPhone® app with ICC values of ≥ 0.83 and ≥ 0.79, respectively. Minimum detectable change at the 95% confidence level (MDC95) was computed as 1.96 × standard error of measurement × √2. The MDC95 ranged from 1.66° to 5.35° for the intra‐rater analysis and from 1.97° to 6.15° for the inter‐rater analysis. The concurrent validity between the two instruments was high, with r values of ≥ 0.80. From the results of this cross‐sectional study, it can be concluded that the iPhone® app possesses good to excellent intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability and concurrent validity. It seems that this app can be used for the measurement of wrist ROM. However, further research is needed to evaluate symptomatic subjects using this app.
Long‐term Persistence with Mirabegron versus Solifenacin in Women with Overactive Bladder: Prospective, Randomized Trial
Authors: KINJO Manami , SEKIGUCHI Yuki , YOSHIMURA Yasukuni , NUTAHARA Kikuo 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo compare persistence with medication and the reasons for discontinuation of mirabegron or solifenacin therapy up to12 months in women with overactive bladder (OAB).MethodsFemale OAB patients who presented to women's urology clinics were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, two‐arm study. Patients were randomized to receive mirabegron at 25–50 mg (n = 76) or solifenacin at 2.5–5 mg (n = 72). The persistence rate and the reasons for discontinuation were investigated up to 12 months.ResultsThe 12‐month persistence rate was 12.2% in the mirabegron group versus 20.1% in the solifenacin group and there were no significant differences of the persistence rates during the study (n.s). Patients discontinued treatment because of lack of efficacy (21.6%), spontaneous improvement (18.2%), and side‐effects (17.6%), while 19.6% were lost to follow up. Discontinuation due to side‐effects was significantly more frequent in the solifenacin group than the mirabegron group (27.3 vs. 7.9%, P < 0.05). In contrast, discontinuation due to lack of efficacy was significantly more frequent in the mirabegron group than the solifenacin group (36.8 vs. 5.6%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated low persistence rates over 12 months for both mirabegron and solifenacin, although the reasons for discontinuation were somewhat different.
Impact of small quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements on infant and young child feeding practices at 18 months of age: results from four randomized controlled trials in Africa
Authors: Arimond Mary , Abbeddou Souheila , Kumwenda Chiza , Okronipa Harriet , Hemsworth Jaimie , Jimenez Elizabeth Yakes , Ocansey Eugenia , Lartey Anna , Ashorn Ulla , Adu‐Afarwuah Seth , Vosti Stephen A. , Hess Sonja Y. , Dewey Kathryn G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOptimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices can help ensure nutrient adequacy and support healthy growth and development. Small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (SQ‐LNS) have been proposed to help fill nutrient gaps, but little is known about the impact of provision of SQ‐LNS on breastfeeding or complementary feeding practices. In the context of four coordinated randomized controlled nutrient supplementation trials in diverse sites in Africa, we compared IYCF practices at infant age 18 months (after 9–12 months of supplementation) between those receiving and not receiving SQ‐LNS. Practices were assessed by caregiver recall. Continued breastfeeding ranged from 74% (Ghana site) to 97% (Burkina Faso site) and did not differ between groups in any site; prevalence of frequent breastfeeding also did not differ. In two sites (Burkina Faso and Malawi), infants receiving SQ‐LNS were more likely to meet the World Health Organization recommendations for frequency of feeding (percentage point differences of 12–14%, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.005, respectively; the remaining two sites did not have data for this indicator). Most indicators of infant dietary diversity did not differ between groups in any site, but in the same two sites where frequency of feeding differed, infants receiving SQ‐LNS were less likely to have low frequency of consumption of animal‐source foods in the previous week (percentage point differences of 9–19% for lowest tertile, P = .02 and P = 0.04, respectively). We conclude that provision of SQ‐LNS did not negatively impact self‐reported IYCF practices and may have positively impacted frequency of feeding.