bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards engineering distinct multi‐lamellated outer and inner annulus fibrosus tissues
Authors: Iu Jonathan , Santerre J. Paul , Kandel Rita A. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe annulus fibrosus (AF) of the intervertebral disc (IVD) has a zonal distribution of phenotypically distinct cells. The outer AF (OAF) cells produce an extracellular matrix (ECM) rich in type I collagen with little proteoglycans, whereas the ECM of the inner AF (IAF) has abundant type II collagen and proteoglycans. The inhomogeneous distribution of the ECM in the AF may reflect the complex mechanical forces that the IVD experiences. A bioengineered AF tissue should recapitulate both the inner and outer zones in order to have proper functionality. The aim of this study is to generate multi‐lamellated OAF and IAF tissues with ECM compositions that resemble their zonal origin using polycarbonate urethane (PU) scaffolds. It was observed that supplementation of the media with insulin‐transferrin‐selenium (ITS) and proline yielded tissues with good cellularity. However, IAF cells accumulated only type I collagen, similar to OAF cells. Addition of dexamethasone and sodium pyruvate induced the accumulation of IAF tissues rich in type II collagen and aggrecan, without altering the accumulation of type I collagen in OAF tissues. Dexamethasone stimulated mitochondrial membrane potential in both tissues in the presence of sodium pyruvate, suggesting a relationship between the mitochondrial aerobic respiratory state and dexamethasone signalling during the in vitro‐tissue formation by OAF and IAF cells. Inhibition of the glucocorticoid receptor blocked the stimulation of mitochondrial membrane potentials and type II collagen accumulation. In summary, biologically distinct multi‐lamellated OAF and IAF tissues can be generated, which will facilitate advancement towards the goal of engineering a biological IVD replacement. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1346–1355, 2018.
Longitudinal Annular Systolic Displacement Compared to Global Strain in Normal Fetal Hearts and Those With Cardiac Abnormalities
Authors: DeVore Greggory R. , Klas Berthold , Satou Gary , Sklansky Mark 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare a new technique that measures the midventricular basal‐apical longitudinal diastolic and systolic lengths, computes the longitudinal displacement fractional shortening, and compares it to global strain.MethodsTwo hundred control fetuses were examined between 20 and 40 weeks' gestation, in whom the longitudinal displacement fractional shortening was computed from end‐diastolic and end‐systolic lengths measured from the apex to the mid portion of the distance between the level of the basal lateral and septal walls using 2‐dimnsional speckle tracking. In addition, global strain was computed using speckle tracking. A correlation analysis was used to compare the longitudinal displacement fractional shortening to global strain. The longitudinal displacement fractional shortening of the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) was measured in 10 fetuses with heart abnormalities.ResultsThe longitudinal displacement fractional shortening for the RV (mean ± SD, 22.94% ± 4.73%) and LV (21.05% ± 4.21%) was independent of gestational age and other biometric growth parameters, as was global strain (RV, –22.7% ± 4.07%); LV, –22.93% ± 3.52%). The RV longitudinal displacement fractional shortening was greater than that of the LV (P < .024). The correlations between the longitudinal displacement fractional shortening and global strain were 0.95 for the RV and 0.97 for the LV. Comparing the longitudinal displacement fractional shortening and global strain in fetuses with abnormal cardiac findings showed concordant findings in 9 of 10 fetuses.ConclusionsThe RV and LV longitudinal displacement fractional shortening can be computed from 2‐dimensional images of the 4‐chamber view and correlated with global strain. The longitudinal displacement fractional shortening was significantly greater for the RV than the LV and was abnormal in fetuses with RV and LV cardiac abnormalities.
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma incidence and mortality trends in the United States, 1973–2013
Authors: Megwalu Uchechukwu C. , Sirjani Davud , Devine Erin E. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo analyze oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma incidence and mortality trends in the United States for the years 1973 through 2013.Study DesignCross‐sectional study using a large population‐based cancer database.MethodsData on incidence and mortality rates were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 9 Database. Annual percentage change in rates was calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD).ResultsIncidence rates increased (annual percent change [APC]; 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17 to 2.88) from 1973 to 1983, remained stable (APC −0.52, 95% CI −1.30 to 0.26) from 1983 to 1997, and increased (APC 1.32, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.81) from 1997 to 2013. Overall, incidence rates increased for males (APC 0.73, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.25) but not females (APC −0.77, 95% CI −0.68 to 0.82). Incidence rates increased in the white population (APC 0.79, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.25) but decreased in the black population (APC −0.72, 95% CI −1.41 to −0.02). The incidence rates increased for tongue‐base tumors (APC 1.17, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.92) and tonsil tumors (APC 0.47, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.96) but decreased for other sites. Incidence‐based mortality decreased (APC −0.78, 95% CI −1.13 to −0.42) from 1993 to 2013.ConclusionOropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma incidence rates increased in a nonlinear fashion from 1973 to 2013, whereas mortality rates declined. This, along with variation in trends by demographic and tumor factors, suggest that human papilloma virus is the main driver of the recent rise in incidence.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 128:1582–1588, 2018
Detection of cartilage invasion in laryngeal carcinoma with dynamic contrast‐enhanced CT
Authors: Dankbaar Jan W. , Oosterbroek Jaap , Jager Elise A. , de Jong Hugo W. , Raaijmakers Cornelis P. , Willems Stefan M. , Terhaard Chris H. , Philippens Marielle E. , Pameijer Frank A. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveStaging of laryngeal cancer largely depends on cartilage invasion. Presence of cartilage invasion affects treatment choice and prognosis. On MRI and contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT) it may be challenging to differentiate cartilage invasion from inflammation. The purpose of this study is to compare the diagnostic properties of dynamic contrast‐enhanced CT (DCECT) and CECT for visual detection of cartilage invasion in laryngeal cancer.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsPatients with T3 or T4 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with total laryngectomy were evaluated using 0.625 mm slice CT. DCECT derived permeability and blood volume maps and CECT images were visually evaluated for the presence of invasion of the cartilaginous T‐stage subsites of laryngeal cancer, by detecting continuity with the tumor‐bulk of increased permeability, increased blood volume, and enhancement. Histological evaluation of the surgical total laryngectomy specimen served as the gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value were calculated and compared using the McNemar and Chi‐squared test.ResultsFrom 14 included patients, a total of 462 subsites were available for T‐stage analysis, of which 84 were cartilage. The median time between CT imaging and total laryngectomy was 1 day (range 1–34 days). There was no significant difference in the detection of cartilage invasion between DCECT and CECT. The sensitivity of CECT was better for all subsites combined (0.85 vs. 0.75; p < 0.01).ConclusionDCECT does not improve visual detection of cartilage invasion in T3 and T4 laryngeal cancer compared to CECT.Level of Evidence2b, individual cohort study.
Longitudinal up‐regulation of endolymphatic hydrops in patients with Meniere's disease during medical treatment
Authors: Fukushima Munehisa , Kitahara Tadashi , Oya Ryohei , Akahani Shiro , Inohara Hidenori , Naganawa Shinji , Takeda Noriaki 
Published: October 2017

Objective/HypothesisMeniere's disease (MD) is a common inner ear disease characterized by repeated episodic vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus. Its pathology is defined as endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in the inner ear and EH has been hypothesized to correlate with the clinical symptoms of MD. We presented the dynamics of in vivo EH in MD patients during medical treatments.Study DesignProspective, single‐arm repeated measuresMethodsEleven MD patients were enrolled. All subjects prospectively underwent gadolinium‐enhanced inner ear magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and neuro‐otological testing before and after medical treatment. The volume of EH was quantitatively evaluated by processing MR images. All MD patients were administered continuous medication and followed up for more than 12 months.ResultsThe frequency of vertigo episodes decreased in all patients and vestibular function decreased to 13–91% of the pre‐treatment level. The volume ratio of post‐treatment EH‐to‐pre‐treatment EH ranged from 1.01–3.22. The total volume of pre‐treatment EH was significantly correlated with cochlear symptom disease duration and the affected ear's hearing level.ConclusionEH in MD patients developed longitudinally with deterioration of inner ear function during medical treatment. The natural course of MD may progress with development of EH at least for a certain period.Level of Evidence2b.
Models for the study of nasal and sinus physiology in health and disease: A review of the literature
Authors: Al‐Sayed Ahmed A. , Agu Remigius U. , Massoud Emad 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveChronic sinusitis is a very common yet poorly understood medical condition with significant morbidity. Hence, it remains an entity that is difficult to treat with unsatisfactory outcomes of current management options. This necessitates research into the etiology and pathophysiology of the condition to enhance our knowledge and the therapeutic options. Unfortunately, this kind of research is not always feasible on human subjects due to practical and ethical limitations. Therefore, an alternative model that simulates the disease had to be found in order to overcome these limitations. These models could either be in vivo or in vitro. The aim of our review is to summarize the research findings and key discoveries of both in vivo and in vitro models of chronic sinusitis that have enhanced our understanding of the condition today and have paved the way for the future research of tomorrow.Data Sources: PubMed literature review.MethodsA review of the literature was conducted to identify the main successful in vivo and in vitro models for chronic sinusitis.ResultsCreating a successful model for chronic sinusitis is no easy task. Over the years, both in vivo animal models and in vitro tissue culture models were proposed, with each model having its accolades and pitfalls, with the ideal model remaining elusive to this day. However, advancing three‐dimensional cell culturing techniques seems to be a promising new way to find a more accurate model.ConclusionNone of the current models is perfect for a thorough study of chronic sinusitis. However, three‐dimensional cell cultures have the potential to bridge the gap between in vivo and in vitro studies.Level of EvidenceNA
Flavonoid‐Rich Apple Improves Endothelial Function in Individuals at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Bondonno Nicola P. , Bondonno Catherine P. , Blekkenhorst Lauren C. , Considine Michael J. , Maghzal Ghassan , Stocker Roland , Woodman Richard J. , Ward Natalie C. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Croft Kevin D. 
Published: October 2017

ScopeThe cardioprotective effects of apples are primarily attributed to flavonoids, found predominantly in the skin. This study aimed to determine if acute and/or chronic (4 weeks) ingestion of flavonoid‐rich apples improves endothelial function, blood pressure (BP), and arterial stiffness in individuals at risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD).Methods and resultsIn this randomized, controlled cross‐over trial, acute and 4 week intake of apple with skin (high flavonoid apple, HFA) is compared to intake of apple flesh only (low flavonoid apple, LFA) in 30 participants. The primary outcome is endothelial function assessed using flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, while main secondary outcomes are 24 h ambulatory BP and arterial stiffness. Other outcomes include fasting serum glucose and lipoprotein profile, plasma heme oxygenase‐1 (Hmox‐1), F2‐isoprostanes, flavonoid metabolites, and plasma and salivary nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−) concentrations. Compared to LFA control, the HFA results in a significant increase in FMD acutely (0.8%, p < 0.001) and after 4 weeks chronic intake (0.5%, p < 0.001), and in plasma flavonoid metabolites (p < 0.0001). Other outcomes are not altered significantly.ConclusionA lower risk of CVD with higher apple consumption could be mediated by the beneficial effect of apple skin on endothelial function, both acutely and chronically.
A Community‐Based Intervention Program's Effects on Dietary Intake Behaviors
Authors: Chang Mei‐Wei , Brown Roger , Nitzke Susan 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a community‐based lifestyle behavioral intervention on intakes of fat, fruits, vegetables, fast foods, and beverages in low‐income young mothers with overweight or obesity.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to an intervention (watching video lessons at home plus peer support group teleconferences) or a comparison group. General linear mixed model analyses were utilized to determine mean differences between the groups (212 intervention, 126 comparison) immediately following and 3 months (196 intervention, 115 comparison) after the intervention.ResultsImmediately after the intervention, the intervention group had significantly lower mean scores in intakes of fat (effect size [d] = 0.24), fast foods (d = 0.33), and non–sugar‐sweetened beverages (d = 0.27) than the comparison group. No significant group differences were observed for intakes of fruits, vegetables, or sugar‐sweetened beverages. Three months after the intervention, no significant group differences were observed for intakes of fat, fruits, vegetables, fast foods, and both sugar‐ and non–sugar‐sweetened beverages.ConclusionsThe intervention group improved dietary intakes of fat and fast foods but not fruits, vegetables, or beverages over the short term. Our intervention had no long‐term effect on dietary intake behaviors.
The Food Environment, Preference, and Experience Modulate the Effects of Exendin‐4 on Food Intake and Reward
Authors: Mella Ricardo , Schmidt Camila B. , Romagnoli Pierre‐Paul , Teske Jennifer A. , Perez‐Leighton Claudio 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe obesogenic food environment facilitates access to multiple palatable foods. Exendin‐4 (EX4) is a glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) agonist that inhibits food intake and has been proposed as an obesity therapy. This study tested whether the composition of the food environment and experience with palatable foods modulate the effects of EX4 on food intake and reward.MethodsMice fed a cafeteria (CAF) or control diet were tested for the anorectic effects of EX4 when simultaneously offered foods of varying individual preference and in a conditioned place preference (CPP) test for chocolate. Plasma glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP1) and hypothalamic GLP1R mRNA were analyzed post mortem.ResultsMice fed a CAF diet developed individual food preference patterns. Offering mice either novel or highly preferred foods decreased the potency of EX4 to inhibit food intake compared to low preference foods or chow. Compared to the control diet, CAF diet intake blocked the decrease in chocolate CPP caused by EX4 and decreased the expression of hypothalamic GLP1R mRNA without altering the plasma GLP1 concentration.ConclusionsThe composition of the food environment, food preference, and experience modulate the ability of EX4 to inhibit food intake and reward. These data highlight the significance of modeling the complexity of the human food environment in preclinical obesity studies.
Characteristics of Weight Loss Trajectories in a Comprehensive Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: Marek Ryan J. , Coulon Sandra M. , Brown Joshua D. , Lydecker Janet A. , Marek Scott , Malcolm Robert , O'Neil Patrick M. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveFocusing on average weight loss (WL) from interventions provides useful efficacy data but masks large variability across patients. In this study, parameters of weight loss trajectories were determined that differentiated individuals during a 15‐week clinical lifestyle intervention.MethodsPatients (n = 595) were in a fee‐for‐service WL lifestyle program with a partial meal replacement diet and lifestyle change counseling. Parameters used in latent class analyses were percent WL (%WL), weight nadir, number of weekly weight gains, maximum weekly percent weight gain, standard deviation of weekly weight changes, linear slope values, and change in slope.ResultsAverage %WL was 9.73%. Latent class analyses revealed three groups with considerable overlap in %WL ranges but differing significantly on all trajectory parameters (Ps < 0.001). Group 1 had the most variable and least successful pattern of weight changes. Group 3 had the least variable and most successful pattern of weight changes. Group 2 fell between the others on all parameters.ConclusionsEmphasis on average WL likely obscures considerable variability in individual courses of weight change. Moreover, patients with similar %WL can have different WL trajectories. Identification of behavioral/physiological characteristics associated with different weight loss trajectories may facilitate the development of more tailored interventions, particularly for trajectories associated with less optimal outcomes.
Binge Eating and Weight Loss Outcomes in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: 4‐Year Results from the Look AHEAD Study
Authors: Chao Ariana M. , Wadden Thomas A. , Gorin Amy A. , Shaw Tronieri Jena , Pearl Rebecca L. , Bakizada Zayna M. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Berkowitz Robert I. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess whether an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) for weight reduction precipitates binge eating (BE) and whether BE attenuates 4‐year weight loss among participants with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity.MethodsParticipants (N = 4,901) were from Look AHEAD, a randomized controlled trial that compared ILI to diabetes support and education (DSE). Annual assessments of measured weight and self‐reported BE were used. By using the yearly time points when a person endorsed BE, participants were classified as no BE, remitted BE, incident BE, inconsistent BE (2‐3 years, including baseline), and consistent BE (≥ 4 years, including baseline). Cox regression and mixed‐effects models were used for analyses.ResultsILI participants were marginally more likely to report incident BE at year 4 than those in DSE (P = 0.06). At year 4, ILI participants with remitted BE lost more weight (4.7 ± 0.8%) than those with consistent BE (1.9 ± 1.0%; P = 0.03). ILI participants with no BE lost more weight (4.6 ± 0.2%) than those with incident BE (3.1 ± 0.6%; P = 0.02) and consistent BE (P = 0.01). DSE participants with remitted BE lost more weight than those with incident and consistent BE.ConclusionsPreexisting BE did not seem to be a contraindication for ILI, although persistent BE attenuated weight loss. Patients who report new or ongoing BE may need additional treatment.
Effect of Exercise Type During Intentional Weight Loss on Body Composition in Older Adults with Obesity
Authors: Beavers Kristen M. , Ambrosius Walter T. , Rejeski W. Jack , Burdette Jonathan H. , Walkup Michael P. , Sheedy Jessica L. , Nesbit Beverly A. , Gaukstern Jill E. , Nicklas Barbara J. , Marsh Anthony P. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the long‐term effects of exercise modality during weight loss on body composition and associations between body composition and physical function changes.MethodsTwo hundred forty‐nine older adults (66.9 ± 4.7 years, 71% women, 32% African American, BMI: 34.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2) were randomized to weight loss (WL; n = 82), WL plus aerobic training (WL + AT; n = 86), or WL plus resistance training (WL + RT; n = 81) for 18 months. Dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry–acquired body composition, 400‐m walk time, and knee extensor strength were measured at baseline and at 6 and 18 months.ResultsTotal body mass loss was enhanced when WL was combined with exercise (WL: −5.7 ± 0.7 kg, WL + AT: −8.5 ± 0.7 kg, WL + RT: −8.7 ± 0.7 kg; P < 0.01). Total body fat mass loss was significantly greater in WL + AT (−6.8 ± 0.6 kg, −16.4%) and WL + RT (−7.8 ± 0.5 kg, −19.0%) than WL (−4.8 ± 0.6 kg, −10.9%); both P < 0.01. Lean mass loss was greatest in WL + AT (−1.6 ± 0.3 kg, −3.1%) compared with WL + RT (−0.8 ± 0.3 kg, −1.5%) or WL (−1.0 ± 0.3 kg; −2.0%); both P ≤ 0.02. Change in 400‐m walk time was associated with change in fat mass (β/SD = +6.1 s; P < 0.01), while change in knee extensor strength was associated with change in lean mass (β/SD = +1.6 Nm; P < 0.01).ConclusionsWL + RT results in less lean mass lost than WL + AT; WL plus exercise yields greater fat mass loss than WL alone.
American Society of Clinical Oncology Summit on Addressing Obesity Through Multidisciplinary Provider Collaboration: Key Findings and Recommendations for Action
Authors: Ligibel Jennifer A. , Alfano Catherine M. , Hershman Dawn L. , Merrill Janette K. , Basen‐Engquist Karen , Bloomgarden Zachary T. , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Dixon Suzanne , Hassink Sandra G. , Jakicic John M. , Morton John Magaña , Okwuosa Tochi M. , Powell‐Wiley Tiffany M. , Rothberg Amy E. , Stephens Mark , Streett Sarah E. , Wild Robert A. , Westman Eric A. , Williams Ronald J. , Wollins Dana S. , Hudis Clifford A. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveGiven the increasing evidence that obesity increases the risk of developing and dying from malignancy, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) launched an Obesity Initiative in 2013 that was designed to increase awareness among oncology providers and the general public of the relationship between obesity and cancer and to promote research in this area. Recognizing that the type of societal change required to impact the obesity epidemic will require a broad‐based effort, ASCO hosted the “Summit on Addressing Obesity through Multidisciplinary Collaboration” in 2016.MethodsThis meeting was held to review current challenges in addressing obesity within the respective health care provider communities and to identify priorities that would most benefit from a collective and cross‐disciplinary approach.ResultsEfforts focused on four key areas: provider education and training; public education and activation; research; and policy and advocacy. Summit attendees discussed current challenges in addressing obesity within their provider communities and identified priorities that would most benefit from multidisciplinary collaboration.ConclusionsA synopsis of recommendations to facilitate future collaboration, as well as examples of ongoing cooperative efforts, provides a blueprint for multidisciplinary provider collaboration focused on obesity prevention and treatment.