bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA copy number associated dementia risk by somatic mutations and frailty
Authors: Tian Qu , Zweibaum David A. , Qian Yong , Oppong Richard F. , Pilling Luke C. , Casanova Francesco , Atkins Janice L. , Melzer David , Ding Jun , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction is linked to physical impairment and dementia. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) from blood may predict cognitive decline and dementia risk, but the effect of somatic mutations or frailty is unknown. We estimated mtDNAcn using fastMitoCalc and microheteroplasmies using mitoCaller, from Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data. In 189,566 participants free of dementia at study entry (mean age = 56 ± 8), we examined the association between mtDNAcn and subsequent dementia diagnosis using Cox regression. Cognition was assessed in a subset on average 8.9 years later. We examined the associations between mtDNAcn and cognitive measures using multivariable linear regression, adjusted for demographic factors, mtDNAcn-related parameters, and apolipoprotein E ε4 status. We further stratified by frailty and microheteroplasmies. Over an average follow-up of 13.2 years, 3533 participants developed dementia. Each SD higher mtDNAcn (16) was associated with 4.2% lower all-cause dementia hazard (HR = 0.958, p = 0.030), 6% lower non-AD dementia hazard (HR = 0.933, p = 0.022), and not-AD dementia hazard. The associations between mtDNAcn and all-cause dementia and non-AD dementia were stronger among those who were pre-frail or frail or with higher microheteroplasmies. Higher mtDNAcn was associated with higher DSST scores (p = 0.036) and significant only among those with higher microheteroplasmies or frailty (p = 0.029 and 0.048, respectively). mtDNAcn was also associated with delta TMT and paired associate learning only in pre-frail/frail participants (p = 0.007 and 0.045, respectively). Higher WGS-based mtDNAcn in human blood is associated with lower dementia risk, specifically non-AD dementia, and specific cognitive function. The relationships appear stronger in high somatic mutations or frailty. Future studies are warranted to investigate biological underpinnings.
Becoming-with the bog born: emotional collectives in ecological fieldwork
Authors: Persson Kristin , Andrée Maria , Caiman Cecilia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFieldwork in ecology education does things. By employing Donna Haraway’s concept becoming-with companion species and Cathrine Hasse’s emotional collectives to explore fieldwork practice on a bog in Sweden, a piece of the doings will be told. The aim of this study is to explore how ecology fieldwork affords emotional engagement and facilitates growth of ecological literacy in the emotional collectives of students, teachers and nonhumans to become-with each other. The study is based on an overnight field trip with upper-secondary students experiencing black grouse lekking and the ecology of a bog. The empirical material consists of video and audio recordings. In the study, becoming-with is operationalised through the notion of emotional collectives. The result shows three orientations of becoming-with: mimetic, anthropomorphic and fact oriented. Overall, this is a story of fieldwork as a practice of producing companion species; how becoming-with companion species works in practice, how companion species come to matter as emergent ecological literacy.
Efficacy and safety of teriparatide vs. bisphosphonates and denosumab vs. bisphosphonates in osteoporosis not previously treated with bisphosphonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Mingnian , Ge Zhuoqi , Zhang Benqi , Sun Li , Wang Zhongyuan , Zou Tao , Chen Qi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Summary

The study found that in osteoporosis patients who had not previously received bisphosphonate treatment and were in a treatment cycle of over 12 months, both teriparatide and denosumab significantly increased bone mineral density compared to bisphosphonates. Additionally, teriparatide was also shown to significantly decrease the risk of fractures.

Objective
The systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess and compare the safety and efficacy of teriparatide vs. bisphosphonates and denosumab vs. bisphosphonates in patients with osteoporosis who had not previously received bisphosphonates.

Methods
We conducted a search of published literature from inception to May 31, 2023, including databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, and WanFang. The study only included head-to-head randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared teriparatide and denosumab with bisphosphonates to treat patients with osteoporosis. Fixed-effect model and random-effect model were used due to clinical heterogeneity. Meta-analysis was performed via Stata 17.0.

Results
A total of 6680 patients were enrolled across 23 eligible trials. The results of the meta-analysis showed that teriparatide was superior to bisphosphonates in decreasing the risk of fracture (risk ratio (RR) = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.51, 0.74), P < 0.001). Denosumab showed no benefit compared to bisphosphonates in reducing the risk of fracture in treating osteoporosis (RR 0.99, 95% CI (0.62, 1.57), P = 0.96). Compared with bisphosphonates, teriparatide and denosumab could significantly improve femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, teriparatide and denosumab did not increase the incidence of adverse events (teriparatide vs. bisphosphonates, RR 0.92, 95% CI (0.79, 1.08), P = 0.32; denosumab vs. bisphosphonates, RR 0.98, 95% CI (0.95, 1.02), P = 0.37).

Conclusions
Teriparatide is superior to bisphosphonates in decreasing the risk of fracture in patients with osteoporosis. In addition, teriparatide and denosumab were more efficacious than bisphosphonates in increasing the percentage change in BMD at the femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine.
Beyond Conventional Treatments: Exploring CAR-T Cell Therapy for Cancer Stem Cell Eradication
Authors: Rabie Lobna E. , Mohran Ahmed A. , Gaber Kholoud A. , Ali Nour M. , Abd El Naby Asmaa M. , Ghoniem Eman A. , Abd Elmaksod Basmala A. , Abdallah Ahmed N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
For decades cancer remained the center of attention in the scientific community as its survival rates are low. Researchers from all around the world wanted to know the core of the problem as to what initiates cancer in a patient and helps with its progression. Many postulations came to light, but Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) was the most appealing and convincing.

Main Body
In this review, we shed light on a potential solution to the problem by reviewing CAR-T cells (Chimeric antigen receptor T cells). These specialized T cells are designed to detect specific antigens on cancer cells. We analyse the steps of their formation from the collection of T cells from the patient’s bloodstream and modifying it to exhibit specific CAR structures on their surfaces, to reinjecting them back and evaluating their efficacy. We thoroughly investigate the structure of the CAR design with improvements across different generations. The focus extends to the unique properties of CSCs as in how targeting specific markers on them can enhance the precision of cancer therapy.

Conclusion
Despite the successes, the review discusses the existing limitations and toxicities associated with CAR-derived therapies, highlighting the ongoing need for research and refinement. Looking ahead, we explore proposed strategies aimed at optimizing CAR-T cell therapy to mitigate adverse effects for improved cancer treatments.

Graphical Abstract
Enzymatic-Assisted Recovery of Antioxidants from Chicory and Fennel by-Products
Authors: Baiano Antonietta , Fiore Anna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The work was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant extraction efficiency of enzymatic-assisted extractions, alone or combined with sonication, applied to chicory and fennel by-products. Three enzymatic preparations were tested: enzyme mix 1, made of pectinlyase, polygalacturonase, pectinesterase, and arabinase; enzyme mix 2, composed of pectinlyase, cellulase, and acid proteas; xylanase. They were applied alone or coupled with a successive sonication performed according to the following conditions: 100 g/L; 45 °C; 40 min; 72 W. The results were compared with those of a solid-liquid extraction performed with a 70% ethanolic solution whose conditions were previously optimized to maximize the extraction of antioxidants from the specific matrix (chicory: 60–180 min, antioxidant content 6.15 ± 0.20 mg/g dm; fennel: 60–90 min, antioxidant content 7.60 ± 0.70 mg/g dm). Concerning chicory by-products, the three enzymatic treatments coupled with ultrasounds allowed the obtainment of extracts having approximately the same amounts of antioxidants than the conventional extraction (6.10–6.22 mg/g dm). Regarding fennel, all the enzymatic-assisted extractions (coupled or not with ultrasounds) gave lower antioxidant concentrations than the hydroalcoholic extraction. Enzymatic extraction and sonication significantly influenced type and quantity of phenolics in the extracts, highlighted that compounds other than phenolics contributed to their antioxidant properties.
Assessing Self-Compassion in Older Adults: Factorial Structure of the Self-Compassion Scale and Invariance Across Sex at Birth
Authors: Tavares Lucia , Vagos Paula , Cunha Marina , Xavier Ana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Self-compassion is a valuable resource for positive ageing and should be measured in a reliable and valid manner. However, findings regarding the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) have been inconsistent and have been particularly lacking in older adults. Hence, the present study intended to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency, and measurement invariance across sex at birth of the SCS in adults ≥ 65 years old.

Method
The present study used a sample of 418 community-dwelling, Portuguese older adults aged 65–94 years (M = 74.45, SD = 6.94; 59.3% female). Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test six different measurement models, and reliability and multigroup analyses were performed for the best fitting model.

Results
Although all models initially showed poor adjustment, the correlated 6-factor model had the comparatively better fit. After modifications, this model achieved an acceptable fit (RMSEA = 0.060 and SRMR = 0.062). Internal consistency of this model was adequate (Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.67 to 0.86) and strong invariance across sex at birth was demonstrated (i.e., configural, metric, and scalar models showed non-significant Δχ2).

Conclusions
Current findings suggest that assessing the self-compassion components is advised in older adults, as this 6-component model was reliable and provided an acceptable fit for both male and female older adults. This 6-component model is a parsimonious, theoretically sound, and statistically valid option to assess self-compassion in this population. It is, however, not an ideal solution, and an acceptable fit was only achieved after modifications in the initial 6-component model.

Preregistration
This study is not preregistered.
Utilizing Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Technology to Fabricate Parts with Controlled Porosity and Permeability Characteristics for Filtration Applications
Authors: Haiati Seyed , Dotchev Krassimir , Lowther Morgan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhilst the main focus of metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) aka metal 3D printing has been to produce fully dense parts; the main aim of this research is to use the technology to fabricate metallic permeable parts with controlled porosity characteristics so that they may be used as a high performance, high-pressure and cleanable and therefore “green” reusable filters for various industrial applications. The fusion bed technology, more specifically Direct Metal Printing (DMP) has been utilized to fabricate test parts with porous structure that was later tested for filtration efficiency. In DMP process, the part is built in thin layers with each layer a cross-sectional slice of the shape. This method makes it possible to design and manufacture intricate parts with detailed internal sections that is not always possible with conventional manufacturing methods. The technique also makes it possible to design and manufacture combination of solid and porous sections in one operation or in another word a complete filter assembly to be used straight off the print with no or minimal post processing required. Another advantage of using DMP is the possibility of seamlessly incorporating features like pleats to increase the filtration area, incorporate additional strengthening structures and support structures if required as well as manufacturing a graded media with larger pores on the outside getting finer as you approach the centre. The printing parameters have been selected to achieve optimum combination of tightly controlled pore size range, size distribution and mechanical strength to promote the optimum filtration efficiency and dirt-holding capacity; at the same time maintaining the structural integrity for operation under high pressures, a wide range of flow conditions, operating temperature, and compatibility with a wide range of process fluids. The results from the first round of tests on scaled down samples demonstrated that the fabricated porous metal parts are suitable to be used in a wide range of applications and operating conditions. They are bi-directional in terms of flow and as a result, they are cleanable and reusable. They can be designed to a variety of shapes and sizes with ease and are recyclable if needed. This approach of manufacturing cleanable filters can reduce the demand for new and newly processed materials. In addition, it can reduce production, distribution, and storage costs. Hence less energy usage, less pollution, and less demand for hazardous waste disposal and associated challenges with disposal and the impact on the environment.
The Embodied Experiences of Injured Ultra-Runners: A Body-Mapping Study
Authors: Hall Leanne , Rhodes Paul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe sport of Ultra-running has seen exponential growth over the past ten years. These athletes attempt to push beyond unknown human limits by running for many hours at a time, often multiple times a week across mountains and trails. While research has begun to consider how injury impacts these athletes from an objective medical perspective, much less is known about their subjective embodied experiences. In particular, the discourses they resist and submit to when they are suddenly unable to run. This study describes the use of body-mapping and narrative interviewing as two forms of research inquiry merged together to explore the embodied experiences of eight ultra-runners who had recently experienced an injury. Plot lines were woven through the visual and textual material resulting in three master plots and eight sub plots. Stories of Body Self-transformation, Machina Carnis or the body-as-machine and senescence or the ageing body were layered by emplacing images and text onto life sized body maps creating vibrant art works. These art works were analysed alongside detailed narratives of endurance, strength, determination and loss. Through the art works participants were able to make visible the invisible, with the injury experience providing a window into former ways of being and current experiences of liminality and fear. This study provides insight into the shifting subjectivities of these extreme athletes brought about by pain and injury, and highlights the importance of using power leveling and emancipatory arts based research methods in accessing subjective experience.
Social Avoidance of Mice in Pain in Naturalistic Conditions
Authors: Le Moëne Olivia , Larsson Max 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPain and social behavior are subject to reciprocal modulation. Social animals show attenuated pain behavior in the presence of conspecifics, while observers are in turn affected by exposure to another individual in pain. Both phenomena have been established in rodents, which in addition to experiencing emotional contagion from afflicted conspecifics may act to relieve their afflicted state. Little has been done to investigate the motivation of such prosocial behavior in naturalistic conditions. Here, using a novel formalin test targeting the nape of the neck, a socially relevant area, we investigated nocifensive behaviors and social interactions in mice group-housed in a seminatural environment (SNE). In the SNE, formalin-injected mice displayed fewer back-scratching occurrences than when housed alone, which was inversely correlated to the social behavior received. These mice also emitted and received fewer social interactions, attesting of social withdrawal. With respect to dyadic exchanges, saline-treated mice initiated fewer allosniffing and anogenital sniffing episodes towards formalin-treated mice than towards other saline-treated ones. These findings are counter to those showing empathy and prosocial approach in mouse pain models. It is possible that in naturalistic conditions that allow the mice to express a wide range of their behavioral repertoire, healthy mice simply avoid individuals in pain and the cost associated with emotional contagion. Interestingly, behaviors involving direct body contact, namely allogrooming and pair-resting, were not different between saline- and formalin-treated mice and thus may carry a prosocial, altruistic component. These findings unveil new patterns of social modulation by pain in a naturalistic laboratory setting holding high translational value.
Fully-Discrete Lyapunov Consistent Discretizations for Parabolic Reaction-Diffusion Equations with r Species
Authors: Jahdali Rasha Al , Fernández David C. Del Rey , Dalcin Lisandro , Sayyari Mohammed , Markowich Peter , Parsani Matteo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReaction-diffusion equations model various biological, physical, sociological, and environmental phenomena. Often, numerical simulations are used to understand and discover the dynamics of such systems. Following the extension of the nonlinear Lyapunov theory applied to some class of reaction-diffusion partial differential equations (PDEs), we develop the first fully discrete Lyapunov discretizations that are consistent with the stability properties of the continuous parabolic reaction-diffusion models. The proposed framework provides a systematic procedure to develop fully discrete schemes of arbitrary order in space and time for solving a broad class of equations equipped with a Lyapunov functional. The new schemes are applied to solve systems of PDEs, which arise in epidemiology and oncolytic M1 virotherapy. The new computational framework provides physically consistent and accurate results without exhibiting scheme-dependent instabilities and converging to unphysical solutions. The proposed approach represents a capstone for developing efficient, robust, and predictive technologies for simulating complex phenomena.
Understanding Circular and Nature-Inclusive Agricultural Business Models
Authors: de Lauwere Carolien , Smits Marie-Jose , Dijkshoorn-Dekker Marijke , Brummelhuis Amber Kuipers-ten , Polman Nico 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSustainable approaches in the agricultural sector are important to addressing problems relating to food security and nutrition around the globe. To obviate these problems, it has become crucial to administer methods of farming that are ecologically compatible, holistic and organic in nature. Dutch farmers are moving towards more sustainable and circular production methods to respond to the various challenges, including biodiversity loss and climate change, whilst maintaining a viable business model. To generate further insight into circular and nature-inclusive or nature-positive agricultural business models (CNABM), we describe a conceptual framework that could help farmers, their advisers and, possibly, funding organisations to identify critical success factors for the implementation of circular and nature-inclusive or nature-positive business models in a qualitative way. The framework was built on a synthesis of existing literature and seven empirical case studies drawing on in-depth interviews. Prior to the case studies, the framework was tested through a desk study focused on sugar-beet cultivation. Based on existing literature and the pilot case on sugar-beet cultivation, we found that three conditions are needed in order to identify these critical success factors. (1) It is important to consider the barriers and drivers in the social and physical contexts within which entrepreneurs involved in such business models operate (‘adoption factors’). (2) Sustainable business models should go beyond delivering economic value and include other forms of value for a broader range of stakeholders. Moreover, attention should be paid to strengths and weaknesses of the business model. (3) Traditional business models (e.g. the business model canvas, or BMC) should be extended to include sustainability-related elements (sustainability impact). The framework proved useful for identifying the business models, along with their vulnerabilities and potential opportunities. Although the framework is meant for use with circular and nature-inclusive or nature-positive agricultural business models, it can be applied to other sustainable agricultural business models as well.
Media Content, African Swine Fever, a Trade War, and U.S. Lean Hog Futures
Authors: Griffin Tori M. , Hagerman Amy D. , Lambert Dayton M. , Inman Ruth 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn 2018 and 2019, China’s outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) and the U.S.–China trade war captured media headlines worldwide. This research uses a unique data set of media headlines and sentiments to estimate the impact of media on U.S. lean hog futures prices for nearby and distant expiration contracts. Findings suggest futures prices are influenced by news media content, with results differing by time to contract expiration and sentiment of the headline. International headlines with positive and negative connotations toward ASF and trade war have more significant effects, indicating sensationalist media creates the greatest price movements compared to neutral headlines.
Between animal research and animal welfare: Analysing the openness practices of UK Named Veterinary Surgeons
Authors: McGlacken Renelle , Hobson-West Pru 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The use of animals as scientific models is argued to be crucial for producing new scientific and medical knowledge and clinical treatments. However, animal research continues to raise socio-ethical concerns. In recent years, there has been a push for openness amongst the life science community, with the aim of increasing the transparency of animal research to wider publics. Yet, how this push for openness is experienced by those responsible for the care and welfare of research animals requires further study. This paper draws upon qualitative interviews with Named Veterinary Surgeons (NVS) in the UK and explores how they practise openness, avoid openness, and, at times, challenge the way their role is represented within openness agendas. Overall, this social scientific analysis reveals that the current openness agenda has the potential to create tensions for professionals, as they seek to manage regulatory and public imaginaries of the veterinary identity alongside the animal research controversy. The paper concludes by arguing for a culture of dialogue, where openness includes allowing those with responsibilities for animal welfare to express ambivalence or concern about their own role. Finally, the paper calls for sustained academic work on relations between the veterinary profession and wider society, particularly areas that involve contested practices in which care and harm may coincide.