bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cartilage Shield Tympanoplasty: A Retrospective Chart Review of 69 Cases
Authors: Patadia Simple , Keshri Amitkumar , Shah Saurin 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
Cartilage shield tympanoplasty (CST) is an acknowledged procedure to repair total tympanic membrane perforations. The main objective of this study was to share our experience of CST, in form of its technique, graft uptake and hearing outcomes.

Study design
Retrospective chart review.

Setting
Tertiary care hospital, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Patients
A total of 69 cases of type 1 CST, from January 2013 to March 2014. We followed all patients for a minimum period of 6 months.

Intervention
Therapeutic.

Main outcome measures
Graft uptake rate, along with preand postoperative pure tone audiogram air bone gap (ABG) and postoperative complications, was evaluated. We compared ABG using Student's t-test.

Results
Graft uptake was seen in 68 cases (98.5%). The mean pre- and postoperative pure tone audiometry (PTA)-ABG was 37.58 ± 6.43 dB and 20.19 ± 8.14 dB, respectively. Hearing improvement was maximum at 2 kHz with mean postoperative value of 17.73 dB, and the least improvement was seen at 8 kHz with value of 30 dB in postoperative period.

Conclusion
The graft uptake rate was excellent, and hearing results were satisfactory. Cartilage shield tympanoplasty should be a recommended procedure for total perforation, subtotal perforation and revision cases. However, long-term results are still awaited.

How to cite this article
Patadia S, Keshri A, Shah S. Cartilage Shield Tympanoplasty: A Retrospective Chart Review of 69 Cases. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(3):105-108.
A Comparative Study of Endoscopic Myringoplasty vs Conventional Myringoplasty
Authors: Kumar Manish , Kanaujia SK , Singh Ashutosh 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic myringoplasty and comparison with conventional myringoplasty.

Materials and methods
Sixty cases of clinically diagnosed chronic suppurative otitis media with dry central perforation were taken into account of which 30 cases were undergone endoscopic myringoplasty and 30 cases undergone conventional myringoplasty. All patients were followed up on 3rd, 7th, 15th day, 6th weeks, 3rd and 6th months after surgery.

Results
The tympanic membrane's perforation healing rate was 86% (26/30), in conventional group of myringoplasty and 83% (25/30) in endoscopic group of myringoplasty and average hearing gain in conventional group was 13.96 dB and in endoscopic group was 15.03 dB.

Conclusion
The surgical outcome of endoscope assisted myringoplasty in terms of graft uptake and hearing improvement was comparable to the conventional microscope assisted myringoplasty, but in terms of cosmesis and postoperative recovery patients in the endoscope group had better results.

How to cite this article
Kumar M, Kanaujia SK, Singh A. A Comparative Study of Endoscopic Myringoplasty vs Conventional Myringoplasty. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(3): 132-137.
Low-dose Magnesium Sulfate Regime for Eclampsia in India
Authors: Agrawal Neha , Garg Ruchika , Kumari S Shantha 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) can be a drug for its management.

Objectives
To study the safety and efficacy of low-dose MgSO4 for control of convulsions in case of eclampsia and to compare it with Pritchard regimen in terms of its effects and perinatal outcome.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. It was a prospective study and included 78 cases of eclampsia. Thirty-nine cases were given low-dose regime and remaining 39 were given Pritchard regimen. Low-dose regime for eclampsia: Loading dose 4 gm MgSO4 IV diluted in 20 cc of 5% dextrose, slowly over 5 to 8 minutes. Maintenance dose 2 gm IV similarly diluted was given 3 hourly till 24 hours after delivery or after convulsion which ever was later. If recurrence of convulsions occurs, then additional dose 2 gm IV was given and previous dose schedule continued as such.

Results
Eclamptic convulsions were controlled in 94.87% of cases with low-dose regime, and in the remaining cases were controlled with additional 2 gm IV dose MgSO4 compared to 37.14% with Pritchard regimen.

Conclusion
Low-dose magnesium regime is highly suitable for women in our setup, and it is as effective as Pritchard regimen for controlling convulsions in eclampsia along with better perinatal outcome and with less MgSO4 toxicity.

How to cite this article
Garg R, Agrawal N, Kumari SS, Agrawal P. Low-dose Magnesium Sulfate Regime for Eclampsia in India. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(1):5-8.
Sublingual Misoprostol vs Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in reducing Blood Loss during Cesarean Section: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Bose Deepak , Beegum Rasheeda 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The increasing incidence of cesarean sections in India has caused a rise in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). There has been expanding interest in the role of misoprostol and tranexamic acid (TXA) in preventing and managing PPH during lower (uterine) segment cesarean section (LSCS). However, the lack of a published study comparing the efficacies of these drugs prompted us to conduct this study.

Aims and objectives
To compare the efficacies of sublingual misoprostol (600 μg) and intravenous TXA injection (500 mg) in reducing blood loss during LSCS by assessing intraoperative blood loss, perioperative hemoglobin (Hb) fall, and need for additional uterotonic agents.

Materials and methods
A total of 163 pregnant patients undergoing emergency/elective LSCS during the study period from 2013 to 2014 were randomly assigned to two groups — group I (82) received sublingual misoprostol 600 μg and group II (81) intravenous TXA 500 mg at cord clamping. Visual estimation of blood loss was done and 48 hours postoperative Hb and packed cell volume were measured to compare with preoperative values. Need for added uterotonics, blood transfusion, and adverse effects of drugs was assessed. The two groups were again subgrouped based on presence or absence of risk factors for PPH.

Results
The TXA significantly reduced blood loss compared with misoprostol (416 vs 505 mL) in patients without high-risk factors for PPH. Misoprostol caused significantly higher minor side effects while TXA reduced operation time.

Conclusion
The TXA can be routinely used after cord clamping along with oxytocin in patients undergoing elective/emergency LSCS to reduce perioperative blood loss, especially in those without risk factors for PPH.

How to cite this article
Bose D, Beegum R. Sublingual Misoprostol vs Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in reducing Blood Loss during Cesarean Section: A Prospective Randomized Study. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(1):9-13.
Prediction of Preeclampsia: Role of Antiangiogenic and Proangiogenic Biomarkers
Authors: Garg Ruchika , Shanthakumari S 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) is unknown, but recent studies have revealed that placenta is the place of origin of this disorder, and widespread maternal endothelial dysfunction is the charactertstic feature of the disease. Some biochemical molecules that are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease have recently been identified, which may help in early identification of patients at risk and help in providing proper prenatal care. Several promising biomarkers have been proposed, alone or in combination. Maternal serum concentrations of these biomarkers either increase or decrease in PE during gestation. This review focuses on the various biomarkers available and their utility in prediction and diagnosis of PE.How to cite this articleGarg R, Roy P, Agrawal P, Shanthakumari S. Prediction of Preeclampsia: Role of Antiangiogenic and Proangiogenic Biomarkers. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(1): 47-52.
Transabdominal Ultrasound-guided Follicular Aspiration in Case of Müllerian Anomaly with Ovarian Malposition
Authors: Goyal Preeti A 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To describe the approach of transabdominal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval in a patient of Müllerian anomaly and ovarian malposition. Design: Case report.

Setting
A tertiary referral reproductive medicine unit.

Patient
A 23-year-old patient with Müllerian anomaly (right unicornuate with left rudimentary horn uterus) and ovarian malposition.

Intervention
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, transabdominal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval.

Main outcome measure
Total and mature oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, embryo number, and quality.

Results
Five oocytes were retrieved transabdominally, using percutaneous needle puncture under ultrasound guidance.

Conclusion
In in vitro fertilization protocols, patients with Müllerian anomaly with vaginally inaccessible ovaries, transabdominal ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration is a safe and efficacious alternative technique for oocyte retrieval.

How to cite this article
Mishra VV, Choudhary S, Goyal PA, Aggarwal R. Transabdominal Ultrasound-guided Follicular Aspiration in Case of Müllerian Anomaly with Ovarian Malposition. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(1):53-55.
An Intrauterine Pregnancy with Tubo-ovarian Torsion mimicking Ruptured Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Kaur Khushpreet , Kaur Navneet , Saini Surbhi 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Aims and objectives
Adnexal torsion is a rare gynecological emergency that requires an early surgical intervention to save the adnexa from irreversible damage. Our study is about the clinical presentation and management of adnexal torsion in a pregnant woman in a tertiary care center.

Materials and methods
This case study was done in a pregnant woman who came with adnexal torsion in the first trimester in the labor room of Government Medical College and Patiala, Punjab, India.

Results
Torsion ovarian cyst is found in 5 per 10,000 women in pregnancy. The woman was suspected of having heterotopic pregnancy (an intrauterine pregnancy with ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy). However, she was diagnosed as intrauterine pregnancy with adnexal torsion during laparotomy.

Conclusion
Adnexal torsion is a rare emergency, which requires a high index of clinical suspicion for diagnosis as the symptoms are nonspecific. Imaging helps in diagnosis, but most of them are diagnosed intraoperatively. Diagnosis is made clinically along with imaging modalities. Ultrasound with color Doppler is the most commonly used imaging modality. An early surgical intervention helps in salvaging the adnexa and prevents further complications.

How to cite this article
Kaur N, Kaur K, Saini S. An Intrauterine Pregnancy with Tubo-ovarian Torsion mimicking Ruptured Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(1):56-59.
Classification of Cesarean Sections in Small Private Maternity Hospitals as assessed by the Modified Robson Criteria (Canada)
Authors: Bhanap Prasad L 
Published: February 2017

How to cite this article
Bhanap PL. Classification of Cesarean Sections in Small Private Maternity Hospitals as assessed by the Modified Robson Criteria (Canada). J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(1):68.
Designing Interdisciplinary Education
Authors: Greef Linda , Post Ger , Vink Christianne ,   Instituut voor Interdisciplinaire Studies, Wenting Lucy 
Published: February 2017

Interdisciplinary education has been identified by many educational organisations in Europe and the United States as important for what lies ahead, and it has become a buzzword in some debates about educating for the future. Now, more than ever, higher education is challenged to educate students to see beyond the limits of their own discipline and to come up with innovative integrated solutions for our global challenges. But how do you define interdisciplinarity? How do you measure whether a student has integrated different insights? How do you challenge students to step across disciplinary borders?
'Designing interdisciplinary education' offers guidance and practical advice for university teachers who want to successfully develop, implement and sustain an interdisciplinary approach to their teaching.
Cleaning up the air: effectiveness of air quality policy for SO2 and NOx emissions in China
Authors: van der A Ronald J. , Mijling Bas , Ding Jieying , Koukouli Maria Elissavet , Liu Fei , Li Qing , Mao Huiqin , Theys Nicolas 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Air quality observations by satellite instruments are global and have a regular temporal resolution, which makes them very useful in studying long-term trends in atmospheric species. To monitor air quality trends in China for the period 2005–2015, we derive SO2 columns and NOx emissions on a provincial level with improved accuracy. To put these trends into perspective they are compared with public data on energy consumption and the environmental policies of China. We distinguish the effect of air quality regulations from economic growth by comparing them relatively to fossil fuel consumption. Pollutant levels, per unit of fossil fuel, are used to assess the effectiveness of air quality regulations. We note that the desulfurization regulations enforced in 2005–2006 only had a significant effect in the years 2008–2009, when a much stricter control of the actual use of the installations began. For national NOx emissions a distinct decreasing trend is only visible from 2012 onwards, but the emission peak year differs from province to province. Unlike SO2, emissions of NOx are highly related to traffic. Furthermore, regulations for NOx emissions are partly decided on a provincial level. The last 3 years show a reduction both in SO2 and NOx emissions per fossil fuel unit, since the authorities have implemented several new environmental regulations. Despite an increasing fossil fuel consumption and a growing transport sector, the effects of air quality policy in China are clearly visible. Without the air quality regulations the concentration of SO2 would be about 2.5 times higher and the NO2 concentrations would be at least 25 % higher than they are today in China.
Construcción y reconstrucción de la identidad de los futuros docentes a través de sus autobiografías académicas
Authors: Madrid Vivar Dolores , Mayorga-Fernández Mª José 
Published: February 2017

En este artículo presentamos una investigación realizada durante el curso académico 2013/2014 con alumnos/as de 1º de los Grados de Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Málaga. Esta propuesta pretende reconstruir la identidad docente desde el alumnado, para que los futuros docentes reflexionen sobre su identidad profesional desde su incorporación como alumno/a al sistema educativo hasta la actualidad. En este estudio, para poder dar respuesta a nuestros objetivos, hemos utilizado métodos de investigación biográfico-narrativos, empleando como herramienta de recogida de información la autobiografía académica. La información fue analizada en base a una serie de categorías analíticas concretadas posteriormente en categorías interpretativas. Las conclusiones muestran que al mirar al pasado, el profesorado puede analizar cómo se ha ido construyendo su identidad profesional. Al construir y reconstruir su biografía académica someten a análisis sus vivencias, las decisiones tomadas en su vida, que tipo de docentes les gustaría ser en un futuro, etc.
Percepción del alumnado de Educación Secundaria sobre la mediación escolar en Castellón y Valencia
Authors: García Raga Laura , Bo Bonet Rosa Mª , Boqué Torremorell Maria Carme 
Published: February 2017

La realidad social, en constante proceso de cambio, exige al sistema educativo un esfuerzo por actualizar las respuestas educativas frente a la mejora de la convivencia. Es en este contexto en el que la mediación ha dejado ver sus potencialidades educativas, ya que influye sobre la mejora del individuo, de las relaciones interpersonales y del clima escolar. No obstante, son escasas las investigaciones orientadas a conocer el impacto de la misma. En este artículo presentamos un estudio dirigido a conocer la valoración de la mediación atendiendo a las opiniones del alumnado de cinco centros educativos de secundaria de Valencia y cuatro de Castellón. Asimismo, se pretende detectar si existen diferencias significativas entre las valoraciones ofrecidas en ambas provincias. Para el logro de estos objetivos se ha recogido información de 1043 estudiantes a través de un cuestionario elaborado ad hoc. Mediante un estudio descriptivo-inferencial destacamos como resultado el gran acuerdo que existe por parte del alumnado participante en valorar de forma muy positiva la mediación. Como aspectos mejorables, se detecta la necesidad de difundir en los centros la información sobre sus servicios de mediación, formar en mediación a todo el alumnado y ampliar las funciones de la mediación a aquellos conflictos más relacionados con las tareas de enseñanza y aprendizaje y con las relaciones entre el alumnado y el profesorado. Finamente, se observa que, en general, la satisfacción sobre la mediación es menor en Valencia que en Castellón. En conclusión, el estudio refleja que la mediación escolar es considerada como ventajosa para el alumnado y como una oportunidad que le facilita la gestión de sus propios conflictos, si bien hay aspectos en los que se debe trabajar para la mejora de la convivencia y la configuración de una ciudadanía democrática.
Nonmuscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: What's Changing and What has Changed
Authors: Manikandan Ramanitharan , Rodriguez Oscar , Parada Rubén , Palou Redorta Joan 
Published: February 2017

Purpose Nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a challenging disease to manage primarily due to its varied clinical course. The management of NMIBC has witnessed a widespread change with respect to its diagnosis and treatment. Although transurethral resection (TUR) and adjuvant bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) stills remain the cornerstone, newer protocols has come into vogue to achieve optimal care. On the basis of a literature review, we aimed to establish ‘what changes has already occurred and what is expected in the future’ in NMIBC. Methods A Medline search was performed to identify the published literature with respect to diagnosis, treatment and future perspectives on NMIBC. Particular emphasis was directed to determinants such as the quality of TUR and the newer modifications, Re-TUR, current status of newer macroscopic and microscopic imaging, role of urinary biomarkers, clinical, histologic and molecular predictors of high-risk disease, administration of intravesical agents, salvage therapy in BCG recurrence and the current best practice guidelines were analyzed. Results and Conclusions Optimal TUR, restaging in select group, incorporation of newer endoscopic imaging and judicious administration of intravesical chemo-immunotherapeutic agents can contribute to better patient care. Although there is a plethora of urinary markers, there is insufficient evidence for their use in isolation. The future probably lies in identification of genetic markers to determine disease recurrence, nonresponders to standard treatment and early institution of alternative/targeted therapy.
Regulatory T-cell: Regulator of Host Defense in Infection
Authors: Mohammadnia-Afrouzi Mousa , Shahbazi Mehdi , Baleghi Damavandi Sedigheh , Faghanzadeh Ganji Ghasem , Ebrahimpour Soheil 
Published: February 2017

Based on diverse activities and production of several cytokines, T lymphocytes and T helper cells are divided into Th1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T-cell (T regs) subsets based on diverse activities and production of several cytokines. Infectious agents can escape from host by modulation of immune responses as effector T-cells and Tregs. Thus, regulatory T-cells play a critical role in suppression of immune responses to infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi and as well as preserving immune homeostasis. However, regulatory T-cell responses can advantageous for the body by minimizing the tissue-damaging effects. The following subsets of regulatory T-cells have been recognized: natural regulatory Tcells, Th3, Tr1, CD8+ Treg, natural killer like Treg (NKTreg) cells. Among various markers of Treg cells, Forkhead family transcription factor (FOXP3) as an intracellular protein is used for discrimination between activated T reg cells and activated T-cells. FOXP3 has a central role in production, thymocyte differentiation and function of regulatory Tcells. Several mechanisms have been indicated in regulation of T reg cells. As, the suppression of T-cells via regulatory T-cells is either mediated by Cell-cell contact and Immunosuppressive cytokines (TGF-Beta, IL-10) mediated.
Molecular Biomarkers for the Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer: Guideline From the American Society for Clinical Pathology, College of American Pathologists, Association for Molecular Pathology, and American Society of Clinical Oncology
Authors: Sepulveda Antonia R. , Hamilton Stanley R. , Allegra Carmen J. , Grody Wayne , Cushman-Vokoun Allison M. , Funkhouser William K. , Kopetz Scott E. , Lieu Christopher , Lindor Noralane M. , Minsky Bruce D. , Monzon Federico A. , Sargent Daniel J. , Singh Veena M. , Willis Joseph , Clark Jennifer , Colasacco Carol , Bryan Rumble R. , Temple-Smolkin Robyn , B. Ventura Christina , Nowak Jan A. 
Published: February 2017

Objectives.—
To develop evidence-based guideline recommendations through a systematic review of the literature to establish standard molecular biomarker testing of colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues to guide epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapies and conventional chemotherapy regimens.

Methods.—
The American Society for Clinical Pathology, College of American Pathologists, Association for Molecular Pathology, and American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an expert panel to develop an evidence-based guideline to establish standard molecular biomarker testing and guide therapies for patients with CRC. A comprehensive literature search that included more than 4,000 articles was conducted.

Results.—
Twenty-one guideline statements were established.

Conclusions.—
Evidence supports mutational testing for EGFR signaling pathway genes, since they provide clinically actionable information as negative predictors of benefit to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody therapies for targeted therapy of CRC. Mutations in several of the biomarkers have clear prognostic value. Laboratory approaches to operationalize CRC molecular testing are presented.
The Economic and Noneconomic Benefits of Tertiary Education in Low-income Contexts
Authors: Schendel Rebecca , McCowan Tristan , Oketch Moses 
Published: February 2017

After many years of relative neglect, development agencies and national governments across the developing world are now considering renewing their financial commitment to tertiary education. As a result, questions about the ways that tertiary education can impact society have returned to the discourse. This article summarizes the findings of a recent rigorous review on the topic commissioned by the UK Department for International Development (DFID). The review highlights a number of important social functions of the university, many of which have not been sufficiently emphasized in debates around public funding for tertiary education.
International Visiting Scholars: Brain-Circulation and Internationalization
Authors: Shimmi Yukiko 
Published: February 2017

International visiting scholars who temporarily visit universities in different countries for academic purposes are an important group of people in the era of globalization. However, they have not received much attention in studies or practices. In this article, the definitions and trends of international visiting scholars, their flexible status, and the importance of this population from the perspectives of brain-circulation and internationalization of higher education are discussed.