bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant Rho GTPase ROP6 Is Essential for Manganese Homeostasis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Wang Yingge , Zhang Linyue , Xia Yilin , Bai Kaibo , Gao Huiling 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTManganese (Mn) is an indispensable mineral for plant growth and development. However, plants cultivated in acidic and poorly drained soils are vulnerable to Mn2+ toxicity due to its heightened increased bioavailability. Despite the crucial roles of the Rho of plant (ROP) GTPases in various cellular processes, their precise function in regulating Mn homeostasis remains elusive. In this study, we unveil a novel ROP6 GTPase signalling pathway that profoundly influences Mn phytotoxicity tolerance in Arabidopsis. Remarkably, the rop6 and dominant‐negative ROP6 (rop6DN) mutant plants displayed a dramatically sensitive phenotype to Mn toxicity, whereas ROP6‐overexpression and constitutively activated ROP6 (rop6CA) lines exhibited enhanced Mn stress tolerance. Immunoblot analysis corroborated that the ROP6 protein, especially the active form of ROP6, increased in abundance in the presence of high Mn levels. Further, we identified that ROP6 physically interacted and colocalized with Metal Tolerance Protein 8 (MTP8) in vivo. Mn transport complementation assays in yeast, combined with biochemical analyses, emphasized the essentiality of ROP6 for MTP8's transport activity. In addition, genetic analyses indicated that ROP6 acted upstream of MTP8 in the regulatory cascade. Collectively, our findings elucidate that ROP6 GTPase signalling positively modulates and enhances Mn stress tolerance in plants.
Low‐Dose Baricitinib Plus Narrow‐Band Ultraviolet B for the Treatment of Progressive Non‐Segmental Vitiligo: A Prospective, Controlled, Open‐Label Study
Authors: Hu Zhonghui , Lu Lu , Feng Jindi , Song Hongbin , Zhang Shiyu , Yang Lu , Liu Yuehua , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTVitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease, and current treatments for vitiligo have limited efficacy. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors could offer new therapeutic options. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of baricitinib, an oral JAK1/2 inhibitor, combined with narrow‐band ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) in vitiligo treatment. This prospective, controlled, open‐label study included adults with progressive non‐segmental vitiligo (NSV). Patients were assigned to combination therapy with baricitinib 2 mg daily and NB‐UVB three times a week or NB‐UVB alone three times a week (control). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving 50% or greater improvement from baseline in the total Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (T‐VASI50) at week 16. Of the 33 patients (mean age, 34.1 years; 27.3% women) who completed the study, 12 of 17 (70.6%) patients in the combination group and 2 of 16 (12.5%) in the control group had a T‐VASI50 response at week 16 (relative risk [RR] = 5.6; 95% CI = 1.5–21.4; p = 0.001). Adverse events were minor, including erythema, mild blister after phototherapy and acne. Combination therapy with low‐dose baricitinib and NB‐UVB was effective and well tolerated in adults with progressive NSV.
Rye‐durum wheat 1BL.1RS translocation: implications for drought tolerance and nutritional status
Authors: Quagliata Giulia , Maghrebi Moez , Marín‐Sanz Miriam , Palombieri Samuela , Sestili Francesco , Lafiandra Domenico , Barro Francisco , Vigani Gianpiero , Astolfi Stefania 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe translocation of the short chromosome arm 1RS of rye onto the 1B chromosome of common wheat has been shown to improve resistance to stress and yield. Here, translocation was operated in durum wheat and its effects on drought tolerance were evaluated. Both the 1BL.1RS translocation line (Svevo 1BL.1RS) and the corresponding Svevo control were exposed to drought for 7 days. Significant differences were found in root morphology between Svevo and Svevo 1BL.1RS under control and drought conditions. Although Svevo 1BL.1RS experienced more severe growth inhibition due to drought than Svevo, it exhibited greater resilience to oxidative stress. Furthermore, several drought‐responsive genes were upregulated in both shoots and roots only in the translocation line. Notably, in roots of Svevo 1BL.1RS, the expression of these genes was also higher in the control condition compared to Svevo, suggesting that these genes could be constitutively expressed at higher levels in the translocation line. Moreover, the 1BL.1RS translocation had a significant impact on the plant's ability to accumulate nutrients under drought. Overall, the impact on sulfate accumulation and the expression of genes associated with its assimilation pathways are particularly noteworthy, highlighting the involvement of sulfur in the plant response to water stress. Additionally, the genetic characterization of Svevo 1BL.1RS revealed variants extending beyond the translocation, located in drought stress‐responsive genes.
Higher‐order integrable models for oceanic internal wave–current interactions
Authors: Henry David , Ivanov Rossen I. , Sakellaris Zisis N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we derive a higher‐order Korteweg–de Vries (HKdV) equation as a model to describe the unidirectional propagation of waves on an internal interface separating two fluid layers of varying densities. Our model incorporates underlying currents by permitting a sheared current in both fluid layers, and also accommodates the effect of the Earth's rotation by including Coriolis forces (restricted to the Equatorial region). The resulting governing equations describing the water wave problem in two fluid layers under a “flat‐surface” assumption are expressed in a general form as a system of two coupled equations through Dirichlet–Neumann (DN) operators. The DN operators also facilitate a convenient Hamiltonian formulation of the problem. We then derive the HKdV equation from this Hamiltonian formulation, in the long‐wave, and small‐amplitude, asymptotic regimes. Finally, it is demonstrated that there is an explicit transformation connecting the HKdV we derive with the following integrable equations of a similar type: KdV5, Kaup–Kuperschmidt equation, Sawada–Kotera equation, and Camassa–Holm and Degasperis–Procesi equations.
Making the match: How Chinese food‐movement organizations develop consumers in the alternative market
Authors: Huang Jiayu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany social movement organizations promote their agendas in market spaces. As such they need to attract consumers to their cause. This article used longitudinal qualitative data collected between 2018 and 2023 in Chinese alternative food markets to explore their consumer recruitment and ongoing efforts to match movement ideologies with consumers' values, particularly regarding what makes “good food.” I argue that an iterative, two‐way learning process between organizations and consumers helped facilitate good matching and establish a stable consumer base. Organizations educated consumers about the production process and producers' stories, aligning their missions with consumers' pursuit of safety and taste and distinguishing them from mainstream markets. Consumers resonated with this cultural work but required responsible producers and market organizers. Some organizations fostered self‐affirming discussions to redirect consumer demands, while others interacted with and learned from the dynamic culture within consumer groups to co‐create their new definition of good food. This mutual learning motivated organizers to adjust their visions of ideal consumers to align movement ideologies with consumers' desires, creating the right amount of differentiation in alternative markets. This paper advances the literature on social movement organizations' market activities by revealing the interactive learning process and the diversity of alignment strategies.
Epicutaneous house dust mite (HDM)‐induced skin lesions feature early activation of T helper 2 inflammatory and pruritogenic pathways in HDM‐nonsensitised dogs
Authors: Banovic Frane , Blubaugh Amanda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundEpicutaneously house dust mite‐sensitised (HDM‐S) healthy dogs are commonly used as canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) models; however, the exact mechanisms of HDM‐induced AD immune activation in HDM‐S and HDM‐nonsensitised (NS) dogs remain unclear.ObjectivesTo characterise the inflammatory and pruritogenic transcriptome of acute epicutaneous HDM‐induced skin lesions at 6 h and 24 h in HDM‐NS and HDM‐S dogs; untreated skin at 0 h from each dog served as control.AnimalsSix HDM‐S and six HDM‐NS laboratory beagles.Materials and MethodsProcessed expression data from GEO deposited by Schamber et al. (G3 (Bethesda), 2014, 4 and 1787) (GSE58442) were downloaded and analysed using R and the Bioconductor package. Significance analysis was performed with the limma package; genes with false discovery rate <0.05 and fold‐change ≤/≥1.5 were considered significantly differentially expressed (DEGs).ResultsA 2D principal component analysis revealed no clear separation between HDM‐NS and HDM‐S dogs at 6 h and 24 h time points. HDM‐induced skin lesions in sensitised and nonsensitised dogs at the 24 h time point showed significant upregulation of T helper cell (Th)2 genes (interleukin [IL]‐4R, IL‐5, IL‐13, CCL13 and CCL17), as well as proinflammatory‐ (LTB, IL‐1A and IL‐18), Th1‐ (CXCL10, OASL and MX‐1) and Th17‐related markers (IL‐17B, IL‐17F, CCL19 and CCL20). The key Th22‐related maker, IL‐22, was upregulated only in the HDM‐S group at the 24 h time point. Both groups at 24 h featured significant upregulation of several noncytokine pruritogens, such as trypsin, chymase, cathepsin S, periostin and neuromedin B.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceTaken together, we establish that epicutaneous HDM patch application induces immune changes in HDM‐NS dogs with Th2 dominance and activates several itch‐promoting pathways.
Multi‐drug resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis from chronic wounds impair healing in human wound model
Authors: Dinić Miroslav , Verpile Rebecca , Burgess Jamie L. , Ming Jingjing , Marjanovic Jelena , Beliz Carmen Nicole , Plano Lisa , Hower Suzanne , Thaller Seth R. , Banerjee Santanu , Lev‐Tov Hadar , Tomic‐Canic Marjana , Pastar Irena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVenous leg ulcers (VLUs) represent one of the most prevalent types of chronic wounds characterised by perturbed microbiome and biofilm‐forming bacteria. As one of the most abundant skin‐commensal, Staphylococcus epidermidis is known as beneficial for the host, however, some strains can form biofilms and hinder wound healing. In this study, S. epidermidis distribution in VLUs and associated resistome were analysed in ulcer tissue from patients. Virulence of S. epidermidis isolates from VLUs were evaluated by whole genome sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, in vitro biofilm and binding assays, and assessment of biofilm‐forming capability and pro‐inflammatory potential using human ex vivo wound model. We demonstrated that S. epidermidis isolates from VLUs inhibit re‐epithelialization through biofilm‐dependent induction of IL‐1β, IL‐8, and IL‐6 which was in accordance with impaired healing outcomes observed in patients. High extracellular matrix binding ability of VLU isolates was associated with antimicrobial resistance and expression levels of the embp and sdrG, responsible for bacterial binding to fibrinogen and fibrin, respectively. Finally, we showed that S. epidermidis from VLUs demonstrate pathogenic features with ability to impair healing which underscores the emergence of treatment‐resistant virulent lineages in patients with chronic ulcers.
Nonclassical Heat Transfer and Recent Progress
Authors: Su Chuanjin , Wu Huan , Dai Lingyun , Zhang Zhihan , Li Suixuan , Hu Yongjie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Heat transfer in solids has traditionally been described by Fourier's law, which assumes local equilibrium and a diffusive transport regime. However, advancements in nanotechnology and the development of novel materials have revealed nonclassical heat transfer phenomena that extend beyond this traditional framework. These phenomena, which can be broadly categorized into those governed by kinetic theory and those extending beyond it, include ballistic transport, phonon hydrodynamics, coherent phonon transport, Anderson localization, and glass-like heat transfer. Recent theoretical and experimental studies have focused on characterizing these nonclassical behaviors using methods such as the Boltzmann transport equation, molecular dynamics, and advanced spectroscopy techniques. In particular, the dual nature of phonons, exhibiting both particle-like and wave-like characteristics, is fundamental to understanding these phenomena. This review summarizes state-of-the-art findings in the field, highlighting the importance of integrating both particle and wave models to fully capture the complexities of heat transfer in modern materials. The emergence of new research areas, such as chiral and topological phonons, further underscores the potential for advancing phonon engineering. These developments open up exciting opportunities for designing materials with tailored thermal properties and new device mechanisms, potentially leading to applications in thermal management, energy technologies, and quantum science.
Influence of Menstrual-Cycle Phase on Sleep and Recovery Following High- and Low-Intensity Training in Eumenorrheic Endurance-Trained Women: The Female Endurance Athlete Project
Authors: Taylor Madison Y. , Hrozanova Maria , Nordengen Liv , Sandbakk Øyvind , Osborne John O. , Noordhof Dionne A. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To investigate the influence of menstrual-cycle (MC) phase on objective sleep and perceived recovery following high- (HIT) and low-intensity training (LIT) in endurance-trained women. Methods: Fifteen naturally menstruating, endurance-trained women completed standardized HIT and LIT sessions during the early follicular phase (EFP), ovulatory phase (OP), and midluteal phase (MLP) of 2 MCs. Overnight sleep was monitored using a Somnofy sleep monitor after each training session, and perceived recovery was assessed after 24 hours using self-report scales. MC phases were determined using the 3-step method, and noneumenorrheic MCs were retrospectively excluded from analysis. Results: MC phase had a main effect on wake after sleep onset (P ≤ .001), with higher values in MLP (33 [22] min) than EFP (22 [19] min, P = .043) and OP (14 [9] min, P = .001), sleep efficiency (P = .033), with lower values in MLP (87% [6%]) than OP (90% [8%], P = .047), and light sleep (P = .023) with higher values in MLP (59% [6%]) than EFP (54% [7%], P = .037). Session type had a main effect on perceived recovery (P < .018) and perceived muscle soreness (P = .007), indicating lower perceived recovery and higher perceived muscle soreness following HIT compared to LIT (P < .001, P = .018, respectively). No interactions were found between MC phase and session type for any of the measured variables. Conclusions: Objective sleep quality, but not perceived recovery, was influenced by MC phase, as indicated by small impairments to multiple indices of objective sleep during MLP. There were no interactions between MC phase and session type, indicating that the effect of MC on sleep and recovery is consistent regardless of session type.
Effects of the combination of anti-PcrV antibody and bacteriophage therapy in a mouse model of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
pneumonia
Authors: Junya Ohara , Jumpei Fujiki , Kinoshita Mao , Sudo Kazuki , Kawaguchi Ken , Inoue Keita , Naito Yoshifumi , Moriyama Kiyoshi , Nakamura Tomohiro , Iwano Hidetomo , Sawa Teiji 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Acute lung injury caused by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is attributed to the translocation of cytotoxin into pulmonary epithelial cells via the
P. aeruginosa
type III secretion system. This virulence can be blocked with a specific antibody against PcrV in this secretion system. However, because anti-PcrV antibodies do not have bactericidal activity, the treatment of bacteria depends on the phagocytic system of the host. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of combination therapy with an anti-PcrV antibody and bactericidal bacteriophages on acute lung injury and subsequent death in mice compared with a single treatment. After the mice intratracheally received a lethal dose of the cytotoxic
P. aeruginosa
strain, a second instillation was performed with saline, anti-PcrV IgG, bacteriophages, or a mixture of anti-PcrV and bacteriophages. The survival rates 24 h after infection were as follows: 7.1% in the saline group, 26.7% in the anti-PcrV group, 41.2% in the phage group, and 66.7% in the anti-PcrV + phage group (
P
< 0.001 vs saline-treated group). The activity of surviving mice in the anti-PcrV + phage group was significantly greater than that in the saline group. The lung weight in the anti-PcrV + phage group was significantly lower than that in the anti-PcrV group. In conclusion, combination therapy with an anti-PcrV antibody and a bacteriophage reduces acute lung injury and suggests improved survival compared with each treatment alone. This combination therapy, which does not rely on conventional antibiotics, could constitute a new strategy for treating multidrug-resistant
P. aeruginosa
infections.

IMPORTANCE

Combination therapy with either bacteriophages alone or in combination with anti-PcrV antibodies in a mouse model of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
pneumonia may reduce the acute lung injury and improve survival. This combination therapy, which does not rely on conventional antibiotics, may be a new strategy to treat multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
infections.
‘Can you have it all?’ Exploring perceived gender roles in leadership through the lens of the Chief Pharmaceutical Officer’s clinical fellows 2023/24
Authors: Trivedi Ashifa , Aggarwal Kaniksha , Chaudry Amira , Ibrahim Summer , Khan-Patel Amna , Lal Natasha , Nasim Maria , Senya HoJan , Teli Shy , Thakrar Nisha , Thomson Clare 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundWomen often face the challenge of balancing professional growth with societal expectations around family and household responsibilities. Conversely, men encounter limitations due to restrictive paternity leave policies, often receiving undue praise for basic parenting duties. Through the lens of the Chief Pharmaceutical Officer’s clinical fellows 2023/24, we explore the question: ‘Can you have it all?’MethodsWe explore stereotypical gender norms alongside the challenges and expectations faced by individuals of all genders on their leadership journeys. Through personal reflections, literature review and informal conversations with senior leaders, we explore how societal expectations and gendered norms shape the professional and personal lives of women in leadership roles.ResultsCommitment to reflection provides opportunities to pause and assess our journeys. Peer support networks are invaluable for professional development, helping to break down barriers and hierarchies. Coaching and mentoring offer significant support and guidance to aspiring leaders from underrepresented backgrounds providing new perspectives.ConclusionBalancing leadership and family responsibilities is challenging but achievable with the right support systems and a shift in workplace culture. However, we recognise, through all of this, self-care and prioritisation of mental well-being must be at the forefront to sustain a healthy balance. As clinical fellows, we have had the unique opportunity to share the complexities faced in the workplace. Through collective effort, we aim to foster environments that empower individuals on their leadership journeys, illustrating that, with the right support and conditions, it is possible to truly ‘have it all’.
Space use of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Davis Strait in relation to sea ice and harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus)
Authors: Thelin Larissa , Richardson Evan , Stenson Garry , Hedlin Erik , Derocher Andrew E. 
Published: October 2024

Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) rely on seals as their primary prey, yet predator–prey spatial relationships are poorly understood. We examined the spatial relationship between Davis Strait polar bears and harp seals ( Pagophilus groenlandicus Erxleben, 1777), using satellite telemetry for both species. We analyzed sea ice trends using remote sensing (1979–2021) to examine how their environment may be changing using four sea ice seasons (freeze-up, winter, break-up, and summer). Sea ice cover decreased and summer season lengthened over time. Polar bears ( n = 18) tracked in 1991–2001 for 7–12 months had a mean 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP) home range size of 108 146 km2 (standard error of the mean (SE) = 18 252 km2) and a mean 95% kernel density home range size (kernel density estimate (KDE)) of 76 863 km2 (SE = 12 260 km2). Harp seals ( n = 22) tracked for 5–8 months in 1993–2005 had a mean 95% MCP of 693 403 km2 (SE = 74 384 km2) and a mean 95% KDE of 395 316 km2 (SE = 48 688 km2). During freeze-up, the core-use areas of both species did not overlap, but the broad-use areas did. During break-up, the broad-use areas overlapped more than the core-use areas. The space use of both species was influenced by the sea ice seasons and these seasons have changed over time.
Corrosion effects on flexural behaviour of EPS sandwich concrete panels: a study using acoustic emission technique
Authors: Garhwal Anil , Sharma Shruti , Danie Roy A.B. 
Published: October 2024

The experimental research utilized expanded polystyrene (EPS) panels sized at 1300 × 600 × 130 mm (length × width × thickness) and induced with corrosion via an impressed current method. Varied extents of corrosion were applied for 120, 240, 360, and 480 h, resulting in mass loss percentages of 6.67%, 8.41%, 10.76%, and 18.13% of reinforcement in different panels. The flexural testing along with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring were performed for evaluation of EPS panels. Results obtained defend the correlation of AE energy with the load energy in the EPS panels. The AE parameters of rise angle and average frequency assist in distinguishing between tensile and shear crack types. The energy released during tensile crack formation in EPS panels is minimal compared to that during shear crack formation. These findings are a basis for further AE investigations into EPS panels and developing AE sensor-based methods for identifying corrosion-induced degradation in EPS panels within structures.
Exploring the Factors Preventing Older Adults From Reporting Cybercrime and Seeking Help: A Qualitative, Semistructured Interview Study
Authors: Havers Benjamin , Tripathi Kartikeya , Burton Alexandra , Martin Wendy , Cooper Claudia 
Published: October 2024

Background: Older adults under‐report cybercrime, despite being more likely than younger people to experience repeat victimisation, financial loss and more severe emotional consequences. Considering vulnerabilities more common in old age, we sought to identify, and consider ways to address, barriers that older people experience when reporting cybercrime to statutory agencies with a role in reporting.Methods: From community groups, police and victim support, and health and social care organisations, we purposively invited people aged 60+ who had experienced cybercrime (n = 16), their supporting family members (n = 2) and professional stakeholders (n = 15) to participate in semistructured in‐person or virtual interviews and conducted a reflexive thematic analysis.Results: Across 33 interviews, we identified four themes: (1) Shame and fear of repercussion; (2) Reporting unhelpful to emotional and financial recovery; (3) Lack of knowledge of scams and sources of support; and (4) Social support makes a difference.Conclusions: Digital ageism, evidenced by structural barriers, stigma and disempowerment experienced by older adults deciding whether to report cybercrime, warrants attention from the FJN and authorities. Independent “advocates” such as health, social care and third sector professionals can support older victims of cybercrime to navigate such reporting challenges.