bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontitis in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Fröhlich Hanna , Herrmann Kristina , Franke Jennifer , Karimi Alamara , Täger Tobias , Cebola Rita , Katus Hugo A. , Zugck Christian , Frankenstein Lutz 
Published: August 2016

Periodontal disease has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether a correlation between periodontitis and chronic heart failure exists, as well as the nature of the underlying cause.
We enrolled 71 patients (mean age, 54 ± 13 yr; 56 men) who had stable chronic heart failure; all underwent complete cardiologic and dental evaluations. The periodontal screening index was used to quantify the degree of periodontal disease. We compared the findings to those in the general population with use of data from the 4th German Dental Health Survey.
Gingivitis, moderate periodontitis, and severe periodontitis were present in 17 (24%), 17 (24%), and 37 (52%) patients, respectively. Severe periodontitis was more prevalent among chronic heart failure patients than in the general population. In contrast, moderate periodontitis was more prevalent in the general population (P <0.00001). The severity of periodontal disease was not associated with the cause of chronic heart failure or the severity of heart failure symptoms. Six-minute walking distance was the only independent predictor of severe periodontitis.
Periodontal disease is highly prevalent in chronic heart failure patients regardless of the cause of heart failure. Prospective trials are warranted to clarify the causal relationship between both diseases.
The role of play on development and learning<p>Oyunun gelişim ve öğrenmedeki rolü
Authors: Pehlivan Hülya 
Published: August 2016

Games, which are as old as the history of the world, were played all over the world in all periods of history and in all cultures; and will be played in the future. A game which can be rule governed or free of rules, but in which children always participate voluntarily is a part of real life; and is the basis for physical, cognitive, social, linguistic, emotional and social development. Games are the mirrors reflecting the inner world of children, and they are the imaginary environments re-created by children so as to understand their emotions and enthusiasm, distress and relations. A game, which is defined as a field of experimenting in which children test and reinforce what they see, sets up ties with the past and forms a source for the future. Games are regarded as children’s most important pursuit, and they mean discovering, learning, creating and expressing oneself for children. All materials for playing which introduce regulation into children’s movements, which help them in their physical and psycho-social development, which develop their imagination are described as toys, and toys have important functions in children’s development and in the development of their learning and creativity. Designing playgrounds, which are the locations for effective learning for children, bring about significant responsibility. Therefore, this fact should be taken into consideration while choosing toys for chidren and while desgning playgrounds, and games should be employed in pre-school education in the light of scientific data. Özetİnsanlık tarihi kadar eski olan oyun, dünyanın her yerinde, her çağda ve her kültürde oynanmıştır ve oynanmaya da devam edecektir. Oyun, belli bir amaca yönelik olan veya olmayan, kurallı ya da kuralsız gerçekleştirilen fakat her durumda çocuğun isteyerek yer aldığı fiziksel, bilişsel, sosyal, dil, duygusal ve sosyal gelişiminin temeli olan gerçek hayatın bir parçasıdır. Oyun çocuğun iç dünyasının bir aynasıdır ve çocuğun duygu ve coşkularını, üzüntülerini, ilişkilerini anlamak için onların yeniden yarattıkları bir düş ortamıdır. Çocuğun gördüklerini sınadığı ve pekiştirdiği bir deney alanı olarak tanımlanan oyun geçmiş ile bağ kurmakta, gelecek için kaynak oluşturmaktadır. Çocuğun en önemli uğraşı olarak kabul gören oyun, çocuklar için keşfetme, öğrenme, yaratma, kendini ifade etme anlamına gelmektedir. Gelişim basamakları boyunca çocuğun hareketlerine düzen getiren zihinsel, bedensel ve psiko-sosyal gelişimlerinde yardımcı olan, hayal gücünü geliştiren tüm oyun malzemeleri de oyuncak olarak tanımlanır ve oyuncakların çocukların gelişim, öğrenme ve yaratıcılığın gelişmesinde önemli bir işlevi vardır. Çocuk için etkili bir öğrenme mekânı olan oyun alanlarının tasarımlanması önemli bir sorumluluğu beraberinde getirir. Bu nedenle, çocuklara oyuncak seçerken ve oyun alanları dizayn ederken bu durum göz önünde bulundurulmalı ve özellikle okul öncesi eğitimde de bilimsel veriler ışığında oyundan faydalanmalıdır.
The Largest Response Component in the Motor Cortex Reflects Movement Timing but Not Movement Type
Authors: Kaufman Matthew T. , Seely Jeffrey S. , Sussillo David , Ryu Stephen I. , Shenoy Krishna V. , Churchland Mark M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNeural activity in monkey motor cortex (M1) and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) can reflect a chosen movement well before that movement begins. The pattern of neural activity then changes profoundly just before movement onset. We considered the prediction, derived from formal considerations, that the transition from preparation to movement might be accompanied by a large overall change in the neural state that reflects when movement is made rather than which movement is made. Specifically, we examined “components” of the population response: time-varying patterns of activity from which each neuron’s response is approximately composed. Amid the response complexity of individual M1 and PMd neurons, we identified robust response components that were “condition-invariant”: their magnitude and time course were nearly identical regardless of reach direction or path. These condition-invariant response components occupied dimensions orthogonal to those occupied by the “tuned” response components. The largest condition-invariant component was much larger than any of the tuned components; i.e., it explained more of the structure in individual-neuron responses. This condition-invariant response component underwent a rapid change before movement onset. The timing of that change predicted most of the trial-by-trial variance in reaction time. Thus, although individual M1 and PMd neurons essentially always reflected which movement was made, the largest component of the population response reflected movement timing rather than movement type.
Epidemiological characteristics and methodological quality of meta-analyses on diabetes mellitus treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Wu Xin Yin , Lam Victor C K , Yu Yue Feng , Ho Robin S T , Feng Ye , Wong Charlene H L , Yip Benjamin H K , Tsoi Kelvin K F , Wong Samuel Y S , Chung Vincent C H 
Published: August 2016

Objective
Well-conducted meta-analyses (MAs) are considered as one of the best sources of clinical evidence for treatment decision. MA with methodological flaws may introduce bias and mislead evidence users. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics and methodological quality of MAs on diabetes mellitus (DM) treatments.

Design
Systematic review.

Methods
Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and Database of Abstract of Reviews of Effects were searched for relevant MAs. Assessing methodological quality of systematic reviews (AMSTAR) tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of included MAs. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify association between characteristics of MA and AMSTAR results.

Results
A total of 252 MAs including 4999 primary studies and 13,577,025 patients were included. Over half of the MAs (65.1%) only included type 2 DM patients and 160 MAs (63.5%) focused on pharmacological treatments. About 89.7% MAs performed comprehensive literature search and 89.3% provided characteristics of included studies. Included MAs generally had poor performance on the remaining AMSTAR items, especially in assessing publication bias (39.3%), providing lists of studies (19.0%) and declaring source of support comprehensively (7.5%). Only 62.7% MAs mentioned about harm of interventions. MAs with corresponding author from Asia performed less well in providing MA protocol than those from Europe.

Conclusions
Methodological quality of MA on DM treatments was unsatisfactory. There is considerable room for improvement, especially in assessing publication bias, providing lists of studies and declaring source of support comprehensively. Also, there is an urgent need for MA authors to report treatment harm comprehensively.
Expression profiles of MGMT, p16, and APC genes in tumor and matching surgical margin from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Strzelczyk Joanna Katarzyna , Gołąbek Karolina , Krakowczyk Łukasz , Owczarek Aleksander J. 
Published: August 2016

The aim of the study was to assess the expression of MGMT, p16, and APC genes in tumors and matching surgical margin samples from 56 patients with primary OSCC. We also analyzed the association of the clinical variables with the expression of the studied genes. After RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis gene expression levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. Two-sided parametrical Student's t-test for independent groups with equal/unequal variances showed no statistically significant differences in genes' expression in tumor compared to margin samples. No association was found between the genes' expression and clinical parameters, except for MGMT, whose low expression was probably associated with smoking (0.87 vs 1.34, p=0.065). 'Field cancerization' is an area with genetically or epigenetically altered cells and at the same time a risk factor for cancer. Disturbances in gene expression could also be the source of damages leading to cancerization. In conclusion, it is important to mention that the field remaining after a surgery may pose an increased risk of cancer development. It may be suggested that the diagnosis and treatment of cancers should not be concentrated only on the tumor itself, but also on the cancer field effect. Therefore, further molecular analysis on surgical margins and additional research regarding their assessment are required.
FILOSOFIA, ANTROPOLOGIA E REPORTAGEM EM RIBANCEIRA: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O DESVIVER NA AMAZÔ- NIA DE DALCÍDIO JURANDIR
Authors: Silva Edilson Pantoja da 
Published: August 2016

Ribanceira (1978), último romance da série Extremo Norte, escrito por Dalcídio Jurandir, resulta de pelo menos duas estadias do autor na cidade de Gurupá, Baixo-Amazonas. A primeira, entre 1929 e 1930, quando ali foi secretário do intendente; a segunda, em 1945, quando acompanhou o antropólogo Charles Wagley, que, em 1948, lá retornou com EduardoGalvão em expedição antropológica, e que resultou, respectivamente, nas publicações de Uma comunidade amazônica (1953) e Santos e visagens (1955). O artigo analisa paralelos etnográficos entre as três obras, assim como elementos filosóficos, literários e jornalísticos em Ribanceira, e lhe propõe outro lugar no conjunto da referida série.Palavras-chave: Etnografia, romance, reportagem, pessimismo, esperança.
ENTRE A FICÇÃO E A HISTÓRIA: O FELIPPE PATRONI DE HAROLDO MARANHÃO
Authors: LIMA João Marcelo Vieira 
Published: August 2016

Esse artigo apresenta a questão do entrecruzamento histórico ficcional no romance biográfico Cabelos no Coração, de Haroldo Maranhão. Utilizando as Obras Escolhidas de Felipe Patroni, o autor reabilita a utilização da técnica do pastiche e da colagem, ao mesmo tempo em que redimensiona a escritura histórico- biográfica situada em um espaço intervalar entre a realidade factual e a imaginação narrativa. PALAVRAS- CHAVE: romance histórico; biografia; Haroldo Maranhão; ficção; pastiche.
Treating Blast and Explosion Victims: An Overview
Authors: Krishnamurti Chandrasekhar 
Published: August 2016

<p><em>Blast injuries result from explosions that have the capability to cause multisystem, life-threatening injuries in single or multiple victims simultaneously. The injury patterns following such events are a product of the composition and amount of the materials involved, the surrounding environment, delivery method (if a bomb), the distance between the victim and the blast, and any intervening protective barriers or environmental hazards. These types of events present complex triage, diagnostic, and management challenges for the health care provider.</em></p>
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE PEIRCE PARA A TEORIA DA COMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: Romanini Vinicius 
Published: August 2016

Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) deu importantes contribuições para a filosofia, para a matemática e para a lógica. Mas foi principalmente para esta última que a maior parte de seus estudos se voltou. Sua teoria geral dos signos, ou semiótica, foi desenvolvida como uma tentativa de descobrir a lógica que fundamenta as nossas concepções do real e como o conhecimento cresce a partir do compartilhamento e debate de opiniões no interior de uma comunidade. Por isso, o pragmatismo – seu maior legado para a filosofia – foi por ele definido como um método para clarear nossas ideias a partir da análise dos possíveis efeitos que a adoção de um conceito (uma crença) poderia produzir. A partir de 1905, Peirce passou a considerar o signo como o meio para a transmissão das formas que fundamentam os conceitos, e a comunicação como a mais elevada dos vários tipos de ação do signo. Na semiose, os símbolos se mantêm falíveis e em contínua transformação porque essa é sua natureza: crescer e se desenvolver num universo inteligível e repleto de sentido. Nesse realismo semiótico baseado numa teoria social do conhecimento, a estética fundamenta a ética, e estas fornecem a base para a lógica – compreendida agora como uma teoria geral da comunicação.
The Influence of a Prefabricated Foot Orthosis on Lower Extremity Mechanics During Running in Individuals With Varying Dynamic Foot Motion
Authors: Almonroeder Thomas G. , Benson Lauren C. , O'Connor Kristian M. 
Published: August 2016

Study Design Controlled laboratory study, cross-sectional. Background Orthotic prescription is often based on the premise that the mechanical effects will be more prominent in individuals with greater calcaneal eversion. Objective To compare the effects of a prefabricated foot orthosis on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics between recreational athletes with high and low calcaneal eversion during running. Methods Thirty-one recreational athletes were included in this study. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected while running with and without a foot orthosis. Participants were grouped based on the degree of calcaneal eversion during the running trials relative to a standing trial (dynamic foot motion). The effects of the orthosis on the frontal and transverse plane angles and moments of the hip and knee were compared between the 10 participants with the greatest and least amount of dynamic foot motion. Results There were no significant interactions (group by orthotic condition) for any of the kinematic or kinetic variables of interest. Conclusion The effects of an orthosis on the mechanics of the hip and knee do not appear to be dependent on an individual's dynamic foot motion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(9):749–755. Epub 5 Aug 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6253
Feedback and Feedforward Control During Walking in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Yen Sheng-Che , Corkery Marie B. , Donohoe Amy , Grogan Maddison , Wu Yi-Ning 
Published: August 2016

Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Background Recurrent ankle sprains associated with chronic ankle instability (CAI) occur not only in challenging sports but also in daily walking. Understanding whether and how CAI alters feedback and feedforward controls during walking may be important for developing interventions for CAI prevention or treatment. Objective To understand whether CAI is associated with changes in feedback and feedforward control when individuals with CAI are subjected to experimental perturbation during walking. Methods Twelve subjects with CAI and 12 control subjects walked on a treadmill while adapting to external loading that generated inversion perturbation at the ankle joint. Ankle kinematics around heel contact during and after the adaptation were compared between the 2 groups. Results Both healthy and CAI groups showed an increase in eversion around heel contact in early adaptation to the external loading. However, the CAI group adapted back toward the baseline, while the healthy controls showed further increase in eversion in late adaptation. When the external loading was removed in the postadaptation period, healthy controls showed an aftereffect consisting of an increase in eversion around heel contact, but the CAI group showed no aftereffect. Conclusion The results provide preliminary evidence that CAI may alter individuals' feedback and feedforward control during walking. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(9):775–783. Epub 5 Aug 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6403
Effects of Group-Based Exercise on Range of Motion, Muscle Strength, Functional Ability, and Pain During the Acute Phase After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Hiyama Yoshinori , Kamitani Tsukasa , Wada Osamu , Mizuno Kiyonori , Yamada Minoru 
Published: August 2016

Study Design Prospective observational study including a historical control group. Background The extent to which group-based exercise (G-EXE) improves knee range of motion (ROM), quadriceps strength, and gait ability is similar to that of individualized exercise (I-EXE) at 6 weeks and 8 months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the benefits of G-EXE for patients during the acute recovery phase after TKA remain unclear. Objective To determine the effects of G-EXE during the acute recovery phase after TKA on knee ROM, quadriceps strength, functional ability, and knee pain. Methods Two hundred thirty-one patients participated in G-EXE in addition to regular ambulation and activities-of-daily-living exercises twice daily during the hospital stay. Outcomes were compared to those of a retrospectively identified, historical control group (I-EXE group [n = 206]) that included patients who performed exercises identical to those performed by the G-EXE group. The outcomes included knee ROM, quadriceps strength, pain intensity, and timed up-and-go test score at 1 month before surgery and at discharge. Analyses were adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, length of hospital stay, and preoperative values. Results Changes in ROM of knee flexion and extension (P<.001) and quadriceps strength (P<.001) were significantly better in the G-EXE group than those in the I-EXE group at discharge. The pain intensity improved more in the G-EXE group than in the I-EXE group at discharge (P<.001). However, the changes in the timed up-and-go scores were not significantly different. Conclusion Patients performing G-EXE in addition to regular ambulation and activities-of-daily-living exercises demonstrated greater changes in knee ROM, quadriceps strength, and knee pain than those performing I-EXE in addition to regular ambulation and activities-of-daily-living exercises. The nonrandomized, asynchronous design decreases certainty of these findings. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(9):742–748. Epub 5 Aug 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6409
Differential Diagnosis and Intervention of Proximal Median Nerve Entrapment: A Resident's Case Problem
Authors: Bair Marcus R. , Gross Michael T. , Cooke Jennifer R. , Hill Carla H. 
Published: August 2016

Study Design Resident's case problem. Background Entrapment neuropathies represent a diagnostic challenge and require a comprehensive understanding of the nerve's path and the anatomical structures that may cause compression of the nerve. This resident's case problem details the evaluation and differential diagnosis process for median nerve entrapment resulting from forceful and repetitive pronation/supination motions. Diagnosis Median nerve compression syndromes include pronator syndrome, anterior interosseous nerve syndrome, and carpal tunnel syndrome. A cluster of clinical special tests were performed to determine the anatomical site of median nerve entrapment. Based on the patient's history and clinical test results, a diagnosis of pronator syndrome was determined. Provocation testing specific to pronator syndrome assisted with further localizing the site of entrapment to the pronator teres muscle, which guided effective management strategies. Discussion This resident's case problem illustrates the importance of detailed anatomical knowledge and a differential diagnostic process when evaluating a patient with signs and symptoms of an entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve. Electrodiagnostic studies are useful in ruling out carpal tunnel and anterior interosseous nerve syndromes, but are often inconclusive in cases of pronator syndrome. Therefore, a diagnosis of pronator syndrome in this case problem was based on a detailed understanding of median nerve anatomy, potential sites of compression, and unique clinical features associated with this condition. Level of Evidence Differential diagnosis, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(9):800–808. Epub 5 Aug 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6723