bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KNOWING OURSELVES AS EMBODIED, EMBEDDED, AND RELATIONALLY EXTENDED
Authors: Brown Warren S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhat does it mean to know oneself, and what is the self that one hopes to know? This article outlines the implications of an embodied understanding of persons and some aspects of the “self” that are generally ignored when thinking about our selves. The Cartesian model of body–soul (or body–mind) dualism reinforces the idea that there is within us a soul, or self, or mind that is our hidden, inner, and real self. Thus, the path to self‐knowledge is introspection. The alternative view is that persons are embodied (entirely physical creatures), embedded (formed by our physical and social environment), and at times extended (cognitively soft‐coupled to artifacts or other persons). This article emphasizes the bodily, active, contextual, relational, often simulated, and sometimes extended nature of the selves that we are, and that we hope to know.
PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, ETHICS, AND LOVE: TOWARD A NEW RELIGION AND SCIENCE DIALOGUE
Authors: Early Christian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractReligion and science dialogues that orbit around rational method, knowledge, and truth are often, though not always, contentious. In this article, I suggest a different cluster of gravitational points around which religion and science dialogues might usefully travel: philosophical anthropology, ethics, and love. I propose seeing morality as a natural outgrowth of the human desire to establish and maintain social bonds so as not to experience the condition of being alone. Humans, of all animals, need to feel loved—defined as a compassionate present‐with in dynamic dyadic relation such that one experiences the sense of mattering—but that need has an equally natural tendency to be met by creating biased us‐and‐them distinctions. A “critical” natural ethics, then, is one in which we become aware of and work to undermine our tendency to reify in‐group distinctions between “us” and “them.” Religious communities that work intentionally on this can be seen, to some extent, as laboratories of love—or as sites for co‐creating knowledge in perilous times.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infection Isolates Associated with Rapid Patient Death
Authors: McCarthy K. L. , Jennison A. V. , Wailan A. M. , Paterson D. L. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

The morbidity and mortality associated with
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
bloodstream infections are significant. New strategies are required to treat such infections. We report here the draft genome sequences of two antibiotic-sensitive
P. aeruginosa
bloodstream infection isolates that were associated with rapid death in nonneutropenic patients.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus fermentum BFE 6620, a Potential Starter Culture for African Vegetable Foods, Isolated from Fermented Cassava
Authors: Wafula Eliud N. , Brinks Erik , Becker Biserka , Huch Melanie , Trierweiler Bernhard , Mathara Julius M. , Oguntoyinbo Folarin A. , Cho Gyu-Sung , Franz Charles M. A. P. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of
Lactobacillus fermentum
BFE 6620 from fermented cassava used as a potential starter culture for African vegetable fermentation. Sequence analysis showed the assembled genome size to be 1,982,893 bp, encoding a predicted total of 2,003 protein-coding genes, 14 rRNAs, 54 tRNAs, and 3 noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs).
First Genome Sequence of Shallot Latent Carlavirus from
Allium macrostemon
Bunge
Authors: Ohshima Kazusato , Okamura Kouta , Yasaka Ryosuke , Fukuda Shinji , Ishimaru Kanji , Tomitaka Yasuhiro , Yamashita Kazuo 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

A wild Japanese garlic plant (
Allium macrostemon
Bunge, wild onion) with leaves showing chlorotic stripes was collected in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Genome sequencing showed that it was infected with shallot latent carlavirus. The genomic sequence of this virus is reported for the first time from wild onion.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Grammothele lineata
SDL-CO-2015-1, a Jute Endophyte with a Potential for Paclitaxel Biosynthesis
Authors: Das Avizit , Ahmed Oly , Baten A. K. M. Abdul , Bushra Samira , Islam M. Tariqul , Ferdous Ahlan Sabah , Islam Mohammad Riazul , Khan Haseena 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Grammothele lineata
strain SDL-CO-2015-1, a basidiomycete fungus, was identified as an endophyte from a jute species,
Corchorus olitorius
var. 2015, and found to produce paclitaxel, a diterpenic polyoxygenated pseudoalkaloid with antitumor activity. Here, we report the draft genome sequence (42.8 Mb with 9,395 genes) of this strain.
Draft Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae 704SK6, an OXA-48- and CTX-M-15-Encoding Wastewater Isolate
Authors: Marti Roger , Stephan Roger , Klumpp Jochen , Nüesch-Inderbinen Magdalena , Hummerjohann Jörg , Bagutti Claudia , Zurfluh Katrin 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

The Swiss wastewater isolate
Klebsiella pneumoniae
704SK6, encoding OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 β-lactamases, was fully sequenced. The assembly resulted in an open chromosome of 5,208,104 bp in size (G+C content, 57.6%) and four closed plasmid sequences of 209,651, 197,670, 65,998, and 63,605 bp in size.
Interobserver agreement and image quality of functional cardiac ultrasound measures used in a randomised trial of delayed cord clamping in preterm infants
Authors: Popat Himanshu , Robledo Kristy P , Sebastian Lucille , Evans Nicholas , Gill Andrew , Kluckow Martin , Sinhal Sanjay , Waal Koert de , Tarnow-Mordi William , Osborn David 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveFunctional cardiac ultrasound measures are used clinically and in trials for assessing the haemodynamic status of newborn infants. Superior vena cava (SVC) flow and right ventricular output (RVO) are established measures of systemic blood flow on the first postnatal day. The objective was to assess image quality and interobserver agreement of these measures in preterm infants enrolled in a randomised trial of immediate versus delayed cord clamping.Design and settingImage quality and interobserver agreement for SVC flow, RVO and ductus arteriosus (DA) size were assessed on measurements taken at 3–6, 6–12 and 20–28 hours for the first 10 infants enrolled at each of four sites (total 40). Bland-Altman plots were constructed; mean difference (bias) and limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated. Potential sources of variation were explored.ResultsQuality was judged satisfactory for >97% of images. The mean difference and LOA between the observers were 5.4 mL/kg/min and −49.0 to 59.8 mL/kg/min for SVC flow, −26.6 mL/kg/min and −131.4 to 78.2 mL/kg/min for RVO, and 0 mm and −0.8 to 0.8 mm for DA diameter, respectively. The principal source of measurement error for SVC flow was diameter, and for RVO, diameter and velocity time integral. The difference between observers for both SVC and RVO was significantly associated with site.ConclusionInterobserver variability for SVC flow is consistent with that previously reported, but higher for RVO. The findings should be incorporated into clinical practice, training, accreditation and trial design.
Prevalence, subtypes, severity and determinants of ocular trauma: The Singapore Chinese Eye Study
Authors: Wong Mark YZ , Man Ryan EK , Gupta Preeti , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Wong Tien Yin , Cheng Ching-Yu , Lamoureux Ecosse Luc 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo describe the prevalence, subtypes, severity and determinants of ocular trauma (OT) in a population-based study in Singapore.MethodsWe included 3353 Chinese adults aged ≥40 years from the Singapore Chinese Eye Study, a population-based study, conducted between 2009 and 2011. OT was defined as self-reported history of any eye injury requiring medical attention with or without hospitalisation, and further classified as blunt object, sharp object or chemical burns related. Age and gender-standardised prevalence was estimated using the 2010 Singapore Chinese population census. Multivariable models were used to assess the independent associations of OT with age, gender, income, education, literacy, alcohol consumption, smoking and history of falls.ResultsThe mean (SD) age was 59.7 (9.9) years and 49.4% were male. There were 138 OT cases, giving a crude and age and gender-standardised prevalence of 4.1% (95% CI 3.5% to 4.8%) and 4.4% (95% CI 3.7% to 5.2%), respectively. Of these, 45 (32.6%), 56 (40.6%) and 10 (7.3%) were blunt object, sharp object and chemical burns-related trauma, respectively. Twenty eight (20.3%) required hospitalisation, with no difference between subtypes. In multivariable models, men (OR (95% CI): 2.80 (1.79–4.39)), younger persons (per year decrease in age (1.03 (1.00–1.05)) and lower education levels (1.8 (1.25–2.60); comparing ≤6 years vs >6 years of education) were independent determinants of OT.ConclusionsOT affected one in 25 adults, with 20% of these requiring hospitalisation. Because OT is preventable, raising awareness and education strategies in the population would allow prevention of vision loss particularly in men, and younger and lesser-educated individuals.
Effect of high-flow nasal therapy during acute aerobic exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after exacerbation: protocol for a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial
Authors: Prieur Guillaume , Medrinal Clement , Combret Yann , Quesada Aurora Robledo , Prieur Fabrice , Quieffin Jean , Borel Jean Christian , Reychler Gregory 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionEarly pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended after a severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, this is difficult to implement, particularly for exercise training. High-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) may reduce the work of breathing and dyspnoea and may improve exercise tolerance.Methods and analysisThis is a single-centre, prospective, controlled, randomised, cross-over study. Eligible patients will have a diagnosis of COPD (postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio of <0.7). Two constant work rate exercise tests at 80% of the peak work rate will be carried out on two consecutive days with and without HFNT. The primary outcome will be the difference in endurance time between the two conditions. Secondary outcomes will be the change in muscle oxygenation during exercise, dyspnoea and muscle fatigue, respiratory muscle strength after exercise, respiratory rate, cardiac frequency, transcutaneous CO2pressure and pulsed O2saturation. Nineteen patients will be included. Data will be analysed as intention to treat by a blinded statistician.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committees Nord-Ouest III, Caen, France (N° ID RCB: 2016-A01325-46). The study will begin in April 2017 for a duration of 2 years. The results of the trial will be presented at national and international meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03058081.
An analogy between socioeconomic deprivation level and loss of health from adverse effects of medical treatment in England
Authors: Lunevicius Raimundas , Haagsma Juanita A 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to show whether and how levels, trends and patterns obtained from estimates of premature deaths from adverse effects (AEs) of medical treatment depended on the deprivation level in England over the 24-year period, 1990–2013. We provide a report to inform decision-making strategies to reduce the burden of disease arising from AEs of medical treatment in the most deprived areas of the country.MethodsComparative analysis was driven by a single cause-of-injury category—AEs of medical treatment—from the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study. We report the mean values with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for five socioeconomic deprivation areas of England.ResultsIn the most deprived areas of England, the death rate declined from 2.27 (95% UI 1.65 to 2.57) to 1.54 (1.28 to 2.08) deaths (32.16% change). The death rate in the least deprived areas was 1.22 (0.88 to 1.38) in 1990; it was 1.17 (0.97 to 1.59) in 2013 (4.1% change). Regarding disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates, the same trend is observed. Although the gap between the most deprived and least deprived populations of England narrowed with regards to number of deaths, and rates of deaths and DALYs from AEs of medical treatment, inequalities between marginal levels of deprivation remain.ConclusionsThe study suggests that a relationship between deprivation level and health loss from the AEs of medical treatment across England is possible. This could then be used when devising and prioritising health policies and strategies.
Retrospectively assessed physical work environment during working life and risk of sickness absence and labour market exit among older workers
Authors: Sundstrup Emil , Hansen Åse Marie , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Poulsen Otto Melchior , Clausen Thomas , Rugulies Reiner , Møller Anne , Andersen Lars L 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the prospective association between retrospectively assessed physical work environment during working life and prospectively assessed sickness absence and labour market exit among older workers.MethodsUsing Cox regression analyses we estimated the 4-year to 6-year prospective risk of register-based long-term sickness absence (LTSA), disability pension, early retirement and unemployment from exposure to different physical work environmental factors during working life among 5076 older workers (age 49–63 at baseline) from the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank cohort.ResultsVery hard physical work throughout working life was a risk factor for LTSA (HR 1.66,95% CI 1.32 to 2.07), disability pension (HR 2.21,95% CI 1.04 to 4.72) and early retirement (HR 1.57,95% CI 1.13 to 2.17). Both short-term (<10 years) and long-term (≥20 years) exposures to lifting or carrying of heavy burdens predicted the risk of LTSA (HRs 1.49–1.56) and disability pension (HRs 2.26–3.29). In contrast, exposure to dust was associated with LTSA and disability pension only following 20 or more exposure years.ConclusionsRetrospectively assessed hard physical work during working life and exposure to several factors in the physical work environment, especially heavy lifting, were important for labour market exit and sickness absence. This study underscores the importance of reducing physical work exposures throughout the working life course for preventing sickness absence and premature exit from the labour market.
Do electronic cigarettes increase cigarette smoking in UK adolescents? Evidence from a 12-month prospective study
Authors: Conner Mark , Grogan Sarah , Simms-Ellis Ruth , Flett Keira , Sykes-Muskett Bianca , Cowap Lisa , Lawton Rebecca , Armitage Christopher J , Meads David , Torgerson Carole , West Robert , Siddiqi Kamran 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIn cross-sectional surveys, increasing numbers of adolescents report using both electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and cigarettes. This study assessed whether adolescent e-cigarette use was associated prospectively with initiation or escalation of cigarette use.MethodsData were from 2836 adolescents (aged 13–14 years at baseline) in 20 schools in England. At baseline, breath carbon monoxide levels, self-reported e-cigarette and cigarette use, sex, age, friends and family smoking, beliefs about cigarette use and percentage receiving free school meals (measure of socioeconomic status) were assessed. At 12-month follow-up, self-reported cigarette use was assessed and validated by breath carbon monoxide levels.ResultsAt baseline, 34.2% of adolescents reported ever using e-cigarettes (16.0% used only e-cigarettes). Baseline ever use of e-cigarettes was strongly associated with subsequent initiation (n=1726; OR 5.38, 95% CI 4.02 to 7.22; controlling for covariates, OR 4.06, 95% CI 2.94 to 5.60) and escalation (n=318; OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.21; controlling for covariates, this effect became non-significant, OR 1.39, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.82) of cigarette use.ConclusionsThis is the first study to report prospective relationships between ever use of e-cigarettes and initiation and escalation of cigarette use among UK adolescents. Ever use of e-cigarettes was robustly associated with initiation but more modestly related to escalation of cigarette use. Further research with longer follow-up in a broader age range of adolescents is required.
Relationship between trying an electronic cigarette and subsequent cigarette experimentation in Scottish adolescents: a cohort study
Authors: Best Catherine , Haseen Farhana , Currie Dorothy , Ozakinci Gozde , MacKintosh Anne Marie , Stead Martine , Eadie Douglas , MacGregor Andy , Pearce Jamie , Amos Amanda , Frank John , Haw Sally 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThis study examines whether young never smokers in Scotland, UK, who have tried an e-cigarette are more likely than those who have not, to try a cigarette during the following year.MethodsProspective cohort survey conducted in four high schools in Scotland, UK during February/March 2015 (n=3807) with follow-up 1 year later. All pupils (age 11–18) were surveyed. Response rates were high in both years (87% in 2015) and 2680/3807 (70.4%) of the original cohort completed the follow-up survey. Analysis was restricted to baseline ‘never smokers’ (n=3001/3807), 2125 of whom were available to follow-up (70.8%).ResultsAt baseline, 183 of 2125 (8.6%) never smokers had tried an e-cigarette and 1942 had not. Of the young people who had not tried an e-cigarette at baseline, 249 (12.8%) went on to try smoking a cigarette by follow-up. This compares with 74 (40.4%) of those who had tried an e-cigarette at baseline. This effect remained significant in a logistic regression model adjusted for smoking susceptibility, having friends who smoke, family members’ smoking status, age, sex, family affluence score, ethnic group and school (adjusted OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.63 to 3.60)). There was a significant interaction between e-cigarette use and smoking susceptibility and between e-cigarette use and smoking within the friendship group.ConclusionsYoung never smokers are more likely to experiment with cigarettes if they have tried an e-cigarette. Causality cannot be inferred, but continued close monitoring of e-cigarette use in young people is warranted.
Feedback modulation of surrounding pressure determines the onset of negative effort dependence in a collapsible tube bench model of the pharyngeal airway
Authors: Lambeth Christopher , Kolevski Benjamin , Amis Terence , Kairaitis Kristina 
Published: August 2017

Negative effort dependence (NED), decreased airflow despite increased driving pressure, has been proposed as a specific obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) phenotypic characteristic. We examined conditions under which NED occurs in a collapsible tube, pharyngeal airway bench model with the chamber enclosed, focusing on relationships with surrounding pressure levels and longitudinal strain. Using a vacuum source, graded airflows (V̇; 0–5 l/s) were generated through a thin-walled latex tube enclosed within a rigid, cylindrical chamber, sealed with initial chamber pressures (Pci) of 0–5 cmH2O (separate runs), or opened to the atmosphere. Upstream minus downstream pressure (Pu − Pd), maximum airflow (V̇max), and chamber pressure (Pc) were measured at 0–50% longitudinal strain. NED occurred across the range of Pci and strains studied but was most pronounced for the chamber open condition. With a sealed chamber, V̇ increased and Pc decreased with increasing Pu − Pd until the onset of NED at V̇max and a Pc value that was designated as critical (Pcc). Pcc was lowest (−17 cmH20) and V̇max was highest (~5 l/s) with chamber sealed: Pci = 0 cmH2O and 12.5 to 25% strain. We conclude that for our collapsible tube model, the achievable V̇max before the onset of NED depends on both the initial conditions (Pci and strain) and the dynamics of feedback between driving pressure and chamber pressure (chamber sealed vs. open). NED-based phenotypic analyses for OSA may need to focus on potential feedback control mechanisms (eg lung volume change, muscle activity) that may link peripharyngeal tissue pressure levels to driving pressures for airflow. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A collapsible tube, pharyngeal airway bench model was used to study the role of surrounding pressure and longitudinal wall strain at the onset of negative effort dependence (NED). NED occurred to varying degrees across all conditions tested, but maximum airflow was achieved with 1) low initial surrounding pressure, 2) a feedback mechanism between surrounding pressure and driving pressure; and 3) a moderate amount of strain applied. Potential impacts on OSA phenotypic analyses are discussed.
Effects of antenatal melatonin therapy on lung structure in growth-restricted newborn lambs
Authors: Polglase Graeme R. , Barbuto Jade , Allison Beth J. , Yawno Tamara , Sutherland Amy E. , Malhotra Atul , Schulze Keith E. , Wallace Euan M. , Jenkin Graham , Ricardo Sharon D. , Miller Suzanne L. 
Published: August 2017

Oxidative stress arising from suboptimal placental function contributes to a multitude of pathologies in infants compromised by fetal growth restriction (FGR). FGR infants are at high risk for respiratory dysfunction after birth and poor long-term lung function. Our objective was to investigate the contribution of oxidative stress to adverse lung development and the effects of melatonin administration, a powerful antioxidant, on lung structure in FGR lambs. Placental insufficiency and FGR was surgically induced in 13 fetal sheep at ∼105 days of gestation by ligation of a single umbilical artery. Maternal intravenous melatonin infusion was commenced in seven of the ewes 4 h after surgery and continued until birth. Lambs delivered normally at term and lungs were collected 24 h after birth for histological assessment of lung structure and injury and compared with appropriately grown control lambs ( n = 8). FGR fetuses were hypoxic and had lower glucose during gestation compared with controls. Melatonin administration prevented chronic hypoxia. Within the lung, FGR caused reduced secondary septal crest density and altered elastin deposition compared with controls. Melatonin administration had no effect on the changes to lung structure induced by FGR. We conclude that chronic FGR disrupts septation of the developing alveoli, which is not altered by melatonin administration. These findings suggest that oxidative stress is not the mechanism driving altered lung structure in FGR neonates. Melatonin administration did not prevent disrupted airway development but also had no apparent adverse effects on fetal lung development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fetal growth restriction (FGR) results in poor respiratory outcomes, which may be caused by oxidation in utero. We investigated the contribution of oxidative stress to adverse lung development and the effects of melatonin administration, a powerful antioxidant, on lung structure in FGR lambs. FGR disrupted septation of the developing alveoli, which is not altered by melatonin administration. Oxidative stress may not be the mechanism driving altered lung structure in FGR neonates.