bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction: long‐term trends from the Hunter region
Authors: Davies Allan J. , Naudin Crystal , Al‐Omary Mohammed , Khan Arshad , Oldmeadow Chris , Jones Mark , Bastian Bruce , Bhagwandeen Rohan , Fletcher Peter , Leitch James , Boyle Andrew 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundTrends in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) provide important information for healthcare providers and can allow for accurate planning of future health needs and targeted interventions in areas with an excess burden of cardiovascular disease.AimTo investigate the regional variations in AMI incidence in the Hunter region.MethodsIncident cases of AMI identified between 1996 and 2013 from the Hunter New England Health Cardiac and Stroke Outcomes Unit were prospectively collected for this study. We calculated crude and age‐adjusted incidence of AMI over an 18‐year period and explored differences in remoteness, age, sex and indigenous status.ResultsDuring 1996–2013, a total of 15 480 cases of AMI were identified. There was a significantly higher incidence of AMI in patients from regional areas compared to patients from metropolitan areas. More importantly, while rates of AMI declined by 28% in metropolitan patients, they increased by 8% in regional patients. Males had higher rates of AMI throughout the study period than females, however there was trend over time towards a reduction in AMI incidence in males that was not seen in females. The age‐adjusted incidence of AMI for indigenous patients increased by 48% from 2007 to 2013, compared to a 23% decrease in non‐indigenous patients.ConclusionBetween 1996 and 2013 in the Hunter region, the adjusted incidence of AMI increased for regional patients compared to metropolitan patients with a trend towards a higher adjusted incidence of AMI in the indigenous population.
Stream Recharge Water Balance for the Barton Springs Segment of the Edwards Aquifer
Authors: Hauwert Nico M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChannel water balance analysis based on streamflow loss coupled with traced groundwater basins allow refinement of upland autogenic recharge values comparable to those derived from more precise site‐scaled measurements. Based on total discharge and calculated flow loss in major stream channels, the channel contributions to recharge on the Barton Springs Segment of the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer are: Onion Creek (32.6%), Barton Creek (less than 10.5%), Slaughter Creek (7.2%), Bear Creek (6.2%), Blanco River (6%), Little Bear Creek (3.4%), and Williamson Creek (1%). Major stream channels contributed from 56% to 67% of total groundwater recharge to the groundwater system, 17% of which was stream autogenic recharge, while upland autogenic recharge and other smaller sources contributed the remaining 33% to 44%. As a percent of precipitation over the Edwards Aquifer outcrop source area, autogenic recharge (upland and tributary recharge in the major stream channels) was 22% to 28%, compared with a recharge value of 28% of precipitation from climate tower water balances in Central Texas. Prior to delineation of groundwater basins using injected tracers, older channel water balance studies determined that upland autogenic recharge was only 15% of the total groundwater recharge (about 1% of precipitation). This study suggests that the channel water balance approach, based on gauged streamflow and spring discharge, is more accurate when one incorporates groundwater basins delineated by groundwater tracing, especially in karst aquifers. Refinement of an appropriate catchment area for the calculation of autogenic recharge also significantly affected the results of a precipitation water balance.
Well Decommission, Policy, Processes, and the Urban Environment
Authors: Hodder Eric A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn afterthought in many well construction and design plans is the regulatory compliant destruction or decommission of the well at some point in the future. Agricultural lands that evolved into urban areas in southern California are likely to have thousands of lost or unmanaged wells. For the general public, landowners, and others these wells pose safety, environmental, logistical, and monetary issues. This discussion will cover regulatory guidelines, procedures, and case examples of well decommissioning. In California, regulations for well destruction are rooted in Department of Water Resources bulletins, state water code, legislation, local ordinance, and drilling contractor licensing compliance. In most cases the county departments of public health take the lead role for permitting and enforcing well destruction requirements. Well terminology used can be misleading; for example, by state law, an abandoned well is a noncompliant hazard‐ not a safely destroyed or decommissioned well adhering to standards. Permitted well decommission typically involves cement‐bentonite sealing and casing perforation. With the goal of effective prevention of surface liquid intrusion or aquifer cross contamination, sometimes explosives, over‐drilling, and other practices are applied. Challenges are frequent in locating and decommissioning abandoned wells. Lost records lead to reconnaissance, geophysical investigations, and excavation of unintended anomalies. Urban development may surround an abandoned well within a structure, foundation, or utilities. Environmentally sensitive areas will affect standard techniques. With increasing water demand and urbanization, effective well decommission is important for analysis and regulatory emphasis.
Fundamental mechanisms responsible for the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency in microwave dielectric ceramics
Authors: Zhang Shengke , Sahin Hasan , Torun Engin , Peeters Francois , Martien Dinesh , DaPron Tyler , Dilley Neil , Newman Nathan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) of a microwave resonator is determined by three materials parameters according to the following equation: τf=−(½ τε + ½ τμ + αL), where αL, τε, and τμ are defined as the linear temperature coefficients of the lattice constant, dielectric constant, and magnetic permeability, respectively. We have experimentally determined each of these parameters for Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3, 0.8 at.% Ni‐doped Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3, and Ba(Ni1/3Ta2/3)O3 ceramics. These results, in combination with density functional theory calculations, have allowed us to develop a much improved understanding of the fundamental physical mechanisms responsible for the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency, τf.
Ferroic ordering and charge‐spin‐lattice order coupling in Gd‐doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles relaxor multiferroic system
Authors: Laha Suvra S. , Abdelhamid Ehab , Arachchige Maheshika P. , Kumar Ajay , Dixit Ambesh 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigated the effect of gadolinium doping (1‐5 at.%) on the magnetic and dielectric properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, synthesized by the chemical co‐precipitation technique, primarily to understand the onset of multifunctional properties such as ferroelectricity and magnetodielectric coupling. The substitution of larger Gd3+ ions at smaller Fe3+ octahedral sites in inverse spinel Fe3O4 has significantly influenced the morphology, average crystallite size, and more importantly, the magneto‐crystalline anisotropy and saturation magnetization. The magneto‐crystalline anisotropy and the saturation magnetization decreases substantially, however, significant increase in the average crystallite size is observed upon Gd doping. Furthermore, temperature‐dependent dielectric studies suggest that these nanoparticle systems exhibit relaxor ferroelectric behavior, with much pronounced ferroelectric polarization moment recorded for 5 at.% Gd doped Fe3O4 as compared to its undoped counterpart.
The legacy of Columbus in American horse populations assessed by microsatellite markers
Authors: Cortés O. , Dunner S. , Gama L.T. , Martínez A.M. , Delgado J.V. , Ginja C. , Jiménez L.M. , Jordana J. , Luis C. , Oom M.M. , Sponenberg D.P. , Zaragoza P. ,   Biohorse Consortium, Vega‐Pla J.L. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryCriollo horse populations descend from horses brought from the Iberian Peninsula over the period of colonization (15th to 17th century). They are spread throughout the Americas and have potentially undergone genetic hybridization with other breeds in the recent past. In this study, 25 autosomal microsatellites were genotyped in 50 horse breeds representing Criollo populations from 12 American countries (27 breeds), breeds from the Iberian Peninsula (19), one breed each from France and Morocco and two cosmopolitan horse breeds (Thoroughbred and Arabian). The genetic relationships among breeds identified five clusters: Celtic; Iberian; North American with Thoroughbred influence; most Colombian breeds; and nearly all other Criollo breeds. The group of “all other Criollo breeds” had the closest genetic relationship with breeds originating from the Iberian Peninsula, specifically with the Celtic group. For the whole set of Criollo breeds analysed, the estimated genetic contribution from other breeds was approximately 50%, 30% and 20% for the Celtic, Iberian and Arab‐Thoroughbred groups, respectively. The spatial distribution of genetic diversity indicates that hotspots of genetic diversity are observed in populations from Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, Paraguay and western United States, possibly indicating points of arrival and dispersion of Criollo horses in the American continent. These results indicate that Criollo breeds share a common ancestry, but that each breed has its own identity.
Association between reduced arterial stiffness and preserved diastolic function of the left ventricle in middle‐aged and elderly patients
Authors: Park Kyung‐Taek , Kim Hack‐Lyoung , Oh Sohee , Lim Woo‐Hyun , Seo Jae‐Bin , Chung Woo‐Young , Kim Sang‐Hyun , Kim Myung‐A , Zo Joo‐Hee 
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate whether arterial stiffness plays a role in retaining normal diastolic function in a middle‐aged and elderly Korean population. A total of 267 patients without documented cardiovascular disease, 50 years and older (mean age, 57.3±6.3 years; 69.8% men) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent both transthoracic echocardiography and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity measurement on the same day. Patients with septal annular peak velocity (e’) ≥8 cm/s and left atrial volume index <34 mL/m2 were considered as having normal diastolic function. Ninety‐eight patients (36.7%) had normal diastolic function. Low brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (<1314 cm/s) was an independent factor for determining normal diastolic function even after controlling for potential confounders in multiple logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.46–4.57; P=.001). Our results suggest that compliant arteries may play an important role in maintaining normal left ventricular diastolic function in middle‐aged and elderly patients without documented cardiovascular disease.
Structural hierarchy of autism spectrum disorder symptoms: an integrative framework
Authors: Kim Hyunsik , Keifer Cara M. , Rodriguez‐Seijas Craig , Eaton Nicholas R. , Lerner Matthew D. , Gadow Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundIn an attempt to resolve questions regarding the symptom classification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), previous research generally aimed to demonstrate superiority of one model over another. Rather than adjudicating which model may be optimal, we propose an alternative approach that integrates competing models using Goldberg's bass‐ackwards method, providing a comprehensive understanding of the underlying symptom structure of ASD.MethodsThe study sample comprised 3,825 individuals, consecutive referrals to a university hospital developmental disabilities specialty clinic or a child psychiatry outpatient clinic. This study analyzed DSM‐IV‐referenced ASD symptom statements from parent and teacher versions of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory‐4R. A series of exploratory structural equation models was conducted in order to produce interpretable latent factors that account for multivariate covariance.ResultsResults indicated that ASD symptoms were structured into an interpretable hierarchy across multiple informants. This hierarchy includes five levels; key features of ASD bifurcate into different constructs with increasing specificity.ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine an underlying structural hierarchy of ASD symptomatology using the bass‐ackwards method. This hierarchy demonstrates how core features of ASD relate at differing levels of resolution, providing a model for conceptualizing ASD heterogeneity and a structure for integrating divergent theories of cognitive processes and behavioral features that define the disorder. These findings suggest that a more coherent and complete understanding of the structure of ASD symptoms may be reflected in a metastructure rather than at one level of resolution.
Decision‐making at the borderline of viability: Who should decide and on what basis?
Authors: Gillam Lynn , Wilkinson Dominic , Xafis Vicki , Isaacs David 
Published: February 2017

AbstractParents and medical staff usually agree on the management of preterm labour at borderline viability, when there is a relatively high risk of long‐term neurodevelopmental problems in survivors. If delivery is imminent and parents and staff cannot agree on the best management, however, who should decide what will happen when the baby is delivered? Should the baby be resuscitated? Should intensive care be initiated? Three ethicists, one of whom is also a neonatologist, discuss this complex issue.
Personal smartphones for neonatal diagnostic imaging: A prospective crossover study
Authors: Westberg Margreta , Vasko Theresia , Owen Louise S , Bhatia Risha , Lluch Marta Thio , Donath Susan , Davis Peter G , Dawson Jennifer A 
Published: February 2017

AimNeonatal clinicians may be asked to review X‐ray images when unable to directly access the original image. Transmitting an X‐ray image to a smartphone is a technique increasingly being used by clinicians in a number of settings. Minimal data exist on its use in the neonatal setting. Our aim was to compare the ability of neonatal clinicians to correctly diagnose a pneumothorax from a chest radiograph (CXR) viewed on a smartphone, paralleled with the same image viewed on a computer screen.MethodsWe investigated the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predicative value of two methods of viewing CXR images to diagnose pneumothorax, compared with a gold standard radiologist report. Clinicians were presented with 40 CXR images on two occasions, at least 1 week apart. Images were viewed once on a smartphone and once on a computer screen. Both the viewing method and viewing order of the images were randomised. The clinical details of the infant at the time the CXR was taken were provided, and participants were asked if a pneumothorax was present.ResultsTwenty‐one clinicians viewed all CXR images using both viewing methods (840 paired observations). There was no difference in accuracy of detecting pneumothorax between viewing methods, 81% correctly identified a pneumothorax using the smartphone, versus 80% using the computer screen (P = 0.40 (95% CI), difference −4 to 1.5%).ConclusionDiagnosis of neonatal pneumothorax was as accurate using a smartphone as viewing CXR images displayed on a computer screen when clinicians were presented with X‐rays with diagnosis of pneumothorax.
PCR fishing for red endophytes in British Columbia Kallymeniaceae (Gigartinales, Florideophyceae) uncovers the species‐rich Kallymenicola gen. nov. (Palmariales, Nemaliophycidae)
Authors: Evans Joshua R. , Saunders Gary W. 
Published: February 2017

Unexpected contaminants uncovered during routine COI‐5P DNA barcoding of British Columbia Kallymeniaceae indicated the presence of a novel lineage allied to the family Meiodiscaceae, Palmariales. Available rbcL data for species of this family were used to design specific primers to screen for the presence of the meiodiscacean species in 534 kallymeniacean specimens primarily from British Columbia, Canada. Ultimately, 43 positive PCR products representing six diverse genetic groups from nine host species were uncovered; three are described here in the new genus Kallymenicola gen. nov., viz., K. invisiblis sp. nov., K penetrans sp. nov., and K superficialis sp. nov. Although genetic groups loosely displayed evidence of host specificity and cospeciation, examples of host switching with interesting biogeographical patterns were also documented.
Variations in crab claw morphology and diet across contrasting inter‐tidal habitats
Authors: Silva Ana C. F. , Shapouri Maryam , Cereja Rui , Dissanayake Awantha , Vinagre Catarina 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCrabs are important predators of inter‐tidal ecosystems, controlling the abundance and distribution of their prey populations. Often the same crab species occupies several habitats and, although their effects on prey have been quantified across habitats, crabs’ dietary and morphological responses to differing environmental influences have been overlooked. Here, we used the crabs Eriphia verrucosa and Pachygrapsus marmoratus as model species to examine differences in claw morphometry – size and wear – and diet between rocky shore and heterogeneous sand flat habitats. We predicted that, intra‐specifically, crabs from rocky shores would consume more hard‐shelled prey owing to their high availability and consequently, would display chelipeds with the following claw characteristics: a higher degree of claw damage, stronger musculature (higher propel height) and increased mechanical advantage (defined as the ratio of input lever length to output lever length) than crabs in the heterogeneous sand flat habitats. Sampling was performed in heterogeneous sand flat habitats and rocky shores of the Central Portuguese coast. For each crab species, carapace width, diet composition and several claw morphometric measures were recorded, revealing significant intra‐specific differences (using multivariate analysis) between shore types. We found that E. verrucosa and P. marmoratus consumed more hard prey on rocky shore than on sand flat habitats, which resulted in rocky shore crabs having more accentuated dentition wear and larger musculature than their sand flat habitat counterparts. We suggest that the strong response of crab claw morphometry to environmentally induced diet variations is an important mechanism in the successful adaptation of crab species to inhabit differing habitats. A major implication is that the impact of the same species on prey may vary largely with habitat type as a result of predation efficiency varying with claw condition.
Current status of coral takeover by an encrusting excavating sponge in a Caribbean reef
Authors: Marulanda‐Gómez Ángela , López‐Victoria Mateo , Zea Sven 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOn Caribbean reefs, the excavating sponge Cliona tenuis opportunistically colonized dead skeletons of the elkhorn coral Acropora palmata after its massive die‐off in the 1980s. Further C. tenuis population increase occurred by colonization of other coral species, causing coral tissue death through undermining of live tissue and lateral growth. To follow up on a previous (2001) characterization of the abundance and size structure of C. tenuis at Islas del Rosario (Colombia), these factors were again estimated in 2014, along with its substratum utilization. The fate of sponge individuals colonizing massive coral colonies marked in 2001–2004 was also followed. By 2014 C. tenuis was still disproportionally occupying dead A. palmata branches, but its abundance and density, and the cover of other benthic elements, had not significantly changed over the 13‐year period, suggesting that a stasis has been reached. Cliona tenuis was thus initially favored in the 1980s, but substratum monopolization did not occur. From 2001 to 2014, small individuals increased in number and very large ones decreased, suggesting not only that new recruitment is occurring, but also that larger sponges are shrinking or fragmenting. Marked sponges continued killing corals over the first few years, but over longer times they retreated or died, allowing corals to resume upward growth. However, it could not be ascertained whether the sponge retreat was age‐related or the result of some environmental effect. The apparent preference for recently dead clean coral by larvae of C. tenuis and its current dynamics of recruitment, growth, fragmentation and mortality have stabilized its space occupation at Islas del Rosario.
Pimelic acid, the first precursor of the Bacillus subtilis biotin synthesis pathway, exists as the free acid and is assembled by fatty acid synthesis
Authors: Manandhar Miglena , Cronan John E. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBiotin synthetic pathways are readily separated into two stages, synthesis of the seven carbon α, ω‐dicarboxylic acid pimelate moiety and assembly of the fused heterocyclic rings. The biotin pathway genes responsible for pimelate moiety synthesis vary widely among bacteria whereas the ring synthesis genes are highly conserved. Bacillus subtilis seems to have redundant genes, bioI and bioW, for generation of the pimelate intermediate. Largely consistent with previous genetic studies it was found that deletion of bioW caused a biotin auxotrophic phenotype whereas deletion of bioI did not. BioW is a pimeloyl‐CoA synthetase that converts pimelic acid to pimeloyl‐CoA. The essentiality of BioW for biotin synthesis indicates that the free form of pimelic acid is an intermediate in biotin synthesis although this is not the case in E. coli. Since the origin of pimelic acid in Bacillus subtilis is unknown, 13C‐NMR studies were carried out to decipher the pathway for its generation. The data provided evidence for the role of free pimelate in biotin synthesis and the involvement of fatty acid synthesis in pimelate production. Cerulenin, an inhibitor of the key fatty acid elongation enzyme, FabF, markedly decreased biotin production by B. subtilis resting cells whereas a strain having a cerulenin‐resistant FabF mutant produced more biotin. In addition, supplementation with pimelic acid fully restored biotin production in cerulenin‐treated cells. These results indicate that pimelic acid originating from fatty acid synthesis pathway is a bona fide precursor of biotin in B. subtilis.
The Effect of Bureaucratic Responsiveness on Citizen Participation
Authors: Sjoberg Fredrik M. , Mellon Jonathan , Peixoto Tiago 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhat effect does bureaucratic responsiveness have on citizen participation? Since the 1940s, attitudinal measures of perceived efficacy have been used to explain participation. The authors develop a “calculus of participation” that incorporates objective efficacy—the extent to which an individual's participation actually has an impact—and test the model against behavioral data from the online application Fix My Street (n = 399,364). A successful first experience using Fix My Street is associated with a 57 percent increase in the probability of an individual submitting a second report, and the experience of bureaucratic responsiveness to the first report submitted has predictive power over all future report submissions. The findings highlight the importance of responsiveness for fostering an active citizenry while demonstrating the value of incidentally collected data to examine participatory behavior at the individual level.