bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FILIAL IMPRINTING AND LEADERSHIP AMONG CHICKS IN FAMILY INTEGRATION OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL
Authors: Collias Nicholas 
Published: July 2002

AbstractExperiments are reported on filial imprinting and leadership among white leghorn chicks in relation to family integration. Chicks hatched in isolation were given their first exposure to certain parental stimuli (a moving person or clucking sounds recorded from a broody hen) at various ages after hatching from the first to 10th day. Logistic regression and multiple likelihood analysis of the results showed that a significant tendency to follow or to be attracted to parental stimuli was much the greatest during the first day after hatching and then declined exponentially during the rest of the first week. There was a significant correlation between visual and auditory responses to parental stimuli, as well as between a chick's positive responses to clucking and the giving of distress cries by the chick when clucking ceased. Some individual chicks showed a significant tendency to lead the other chicks of a group to stimuli representing the mother, such as a source of warmth, or to the maternal voice (recorded clucking from a speaker).
SWIMMING RESPONSE TO WATER CURRENT IN PARATYA AUSTRALIENSIS KEMP, 1917 (DECAPODA, ATYIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Bunn Stuart , Hancock Marty 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe swimming response to flow of the freshwater shrimp Paratya australiensis Kemp, 1917, was examined in a small recirculating laboratory stream. On three occasions during 1993 larvae, juveniles, small and large adults, and ovigerous females were collected from headwater populations and tested in the laboratory at current speeds of 10 and 30 cm s-1. Juvenile and adult shrimps showed the same strong positive rheotactic response at velocities of 10 and 30 cm s-1. However, large adults moved upstream more rapidly than juveniles and small adults. This response was not influenced by the time of year of collection or time of day tested (day/night). Ovigerous females showed a weak response to flow and tended to maintain position rather than move into the current. Early stage larvae (stages III and IV) were not able to maintain position at the lowest velocities. The positive rheotactic response of shrimps, particularly large adults, is seen as an adaptation to compensate for downstream movement of larvae by drift and juvenile and adult displacement during high discharge events. La nage en reponse au courant chez la crevette d'eau douce Paratya australiensis Kemp, 1917, a ete examinee en laboratoire dans un petit courant continu d'eau. A trois reprises durant l'annee 1993, des larves, des juveniles, de petits et grands adultes, ainsi que des femelles ovigeres ont ete collectes dans populations situees en amont et testes au laboratoire a des vitesses de courant de 10 a 30 cm s-1. Les crevettes juveniles et adultes ont repondu par une forte rheotaxie positive aux vitesses de 10 a 30 cm s-1. Cependant, les adultes de grande taille se sont deplaces vers l'amont plus rapidement que les juveniles et les petits adultes. Cette reponse n'a pas ete influencee par le moment du prelevement, que ce soit au cours de l'annee ou de la journee (jour/nuit). Les femelles ovigeres ont donne une faible reponse au courant et tendaient a maintenir leur position plutot qu'a se deplacer dans le courant. Les jeunes larves (stades III et IV) n'etaient pas capables de maintenir leur position aux vitesses les plus basses. La rheotaxie positive des crevettes, en particulier des grands adultes, est consideree comme une adaptation pour compenser le mouvement des larves entrainees vers l'aval par le courant et le deplacement des jeunes et des adultes au moment des hautes eaux.
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE CRAB CHARYBDIS AFFINIS (DECAPODA, BRACHYURA, PORTUNIDAE) FROM THE ZHUJIANG ESTUARY, CHINA
Authors: Chu  
Published: July 2002

AbstractMorphometric characters and organ indices were analyzed in Charybdis affinis collected at different seasons from the Zhujiang estuary, China. The crab is heterochelous, with pronounced right handedness in both sexes. There is a marked sexual difference in relative growth of the cheliped. The female abdomen increases in size at puberty, which is also accompanied by a reduced allometric growth rate. Analysis of gonad development gave the estimate of 50% gonadal maturity at 42 and 36 mm carapace width for females and males, respectively. The hepatosomatic index of female crabs is inversely related to the gonadosomatic index indicating the role of the hepatopancreas in storage of nutrients necessary for ovarian development in the reproductive season. Les caracteres morphologiques et les indices relatifs aux organes ont ete analyses chez Charybdis affinis, recolte a differentes saisons dans l'estuaire du Zhujiang, Chine. Le crabe presente une heterochelie, la pince droite etant tres developpee dans les deux sexes. Il existe une difference sexuelle marquee dans la croissance relative du chelipede. L'abdomen femelle s'accroot en taille a la puberte, ce qui s'accompagne aussi d'un taux de croissance allometrique reduit. L'analyse du developpement des gonades a donne une maturite estimee a 50% pour des femelles et males, respectivement, ayant une largeur de la carapace de 42 et 36 mm. L'indice hepatosomatique des crabes femelles est inversement proportionnel a l'indice gonadosomatique ce qui indique le role de l'hepatopancreas dans le stockage des nutriments necessaire au developpement ovarien lors de la reproduction.
Host status differences and their relevance to damage by Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Ehwaeti Mahmoud , Fargette Mireille , Phillips Mark , Trudgill David 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFour populations of Meloidogyne incognita were tested on 57 species of plants from temperate and tropical regions. Juveniles of one or more populations invaded, and induced galls on almost all plants. Except for the population from the West Indies which induced most galls on Nicotiana spp., there was no obvious relationship between the origins of populations and their ability to induce galls on plants from particular regions. Although most plants were hosts for all four populations, many produced only a few galls/egg masses with some of the populations. The differences in galling between populations, and the interaction with plant species were both significant (P < 0.001). Poor hosts often contained fewer juveniles and the rate of juvenile development was often decreased compared with good hosts. Solanum nigrum was an exception in that it was invaded by fewer juveniles than susceptible tomato, but rates of development were similar. The effect of host status differences in four plant species on damage by M. incognita was investigated but only the growth of susceptible tomato was decreased. The growth of the non-host Urtica dioica, of the poor host Datura metal, and of an intermediate host S. nigrum, was unaffected. Unterschiede im Wirtsstatus und ihre Bedeutung fur den durch Meloidogyne incognita verursachten Schaden - Vier Populationen von Meloidogyne incognita wurden an 57 Pflanzenarten aus gemassigten und tropischen Gebieten gepruft. Juvenile einer oder mehrerer Populationen wanderten in fast alle Pflanzen ein und induzierten Gallen. Mit Ausnahme der Population von den Westindischen Inseln, die an Nicotiana spp. die meisten Gallen induzierte, bestand keine deutliche Beziehung zwischen der Herkunft der Populationen und ihrer Fahigkeit, an Pflanzen bestimmter Gebiete Gallbildung zu induzieren. Obwohl die meisten Pflanzen Wirte fur alle vier Populationen waren, bildeten viele von ihnen mit einigen Populationen nur wenige Gallen/Eimassen. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Populationen in Bezug auf Gallbildung und auf Wechselwirkungen mit den Pflanzen waren beide significant (P < 0.001). Schlechte Wirte enthielten oft weniger Juvenile als gute Wirte, und die Entwicklungsrate der Juvenilen war oft vermindert im Vergleich zu guten Wirten. Solanum nigrum bildete insofern eine Ausnahme, als weniger Juvenile eindrangen als in anfallige Tomaten, die Entwicklungsraten aber ahnlich waren. Die Wirkung der Unterschiede im Wirtsstatus auf die Schadigung durch M. incognita wurde an vier Pflanzenarten untersucht. Nur das Wachstum von anfalligen Tomaten wurde vermindert. Das Wachstum des Nichtwirtes Urtica dioica, des schlechten Wirtes Datura metal und des massig guten Wirtes S. nigrum wurde nicht beeinflusst.
Accurate quantitative analysis of clay and other minerals in sandstones by XRD: comparison of a Rietveld and a reference intensity ratio (RIR) method and the importance of sample preparation
Authors: Hillier S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractX-ray diffraction is used widely for quantitative analysis of geological samples but studies which document the accuracy of the methods employed are not numerous. Synthetic sandstones of known composition are used to compare a ‘routine application’ of a Rietveld and a reference intensity ratio (RIR) method of quantitative phase analysis. Both methods give similar results accurate to within ~±3 wt.% at the 95% confidence level. The high degree of accuracy obtained is believed to depend to a large extent on the spray-drying method of sample preparation used to eliminate preferred orientation.
Hydromechanical effects: (I) on the Na-smectite microtexture
Authors: Alcover J . -F. , Qi Y. , Al-mukhtar M. , Bonnamy S. , Bergaya F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractChanges in particle organization and pore-spaces with applied mechanical and hydraulic stresses were followed using TEM, SAXS mercury porosimetry and gas adsorption for two Na-smectites, Laponite and hectorite, with similar structural formulae but different particle sizes. The TEM images show that hectorite has particles larger and more anisotropic than those of Laponite. The particles order perpendicularly to the direction of axial mechanical stress and become disoriented under hydraulic stress. According to the SAXS results, Laponite is composed of 1 – 3 small layers and hectorite of more compact (10 – 80 layers) particles. In Laponite, mechanical stress strongly reduces the amount of macropores but does not affect micropores and mesopores; hydraulic stress increases the macropores. In hectorite, the pore-volume is lower than in Laponite. The different techniques used yield complementary results and show the considerable effect of layer dimension on the behaviour and microtexture parameters of smectite submitted to hydromechanical stresses.
Effects of chemical composition and temperature of heating on the infrared spectra of Li-saturated dioctahedral smectites. (II) Near-infrared region
Authors: Madejová J. , Bujdák J. , Petit S. , Komadel P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDiffuse reflectance spectra in the near-infrared region are presented for Li-saturated smectites heated up to 200°C. The smectites included three montmorillonites, an Fe-beidellite and a ferruginous smectite. Unheated samples showed a complex band near 7060 cm-1 assigned to the first overtone of the OH-stretching mode of structural hydroxyl groups and bound H2O. The OH combination bands appeared in the 4600-4300 cm-1 region. Spectra of heated montmorillonites showed an upward shift and splitting of the OH-overtone band into two components near 7170 and 7110 cm-1. The presence of a band near 7170 cm-1, assigned to the overtone of the AlMgLiOH-stretching vibration, implied that local trioctahedral domains were created upon Li(I) fixation in the previously vacant octahedral positions of montmorillonites. The OH combination bands were shifted to higher frequencies and a new band appeared near 4472 cm-1 in the spectra of montmorillonites heated to temperatures in excess of 130°C. No features indicating Li(I) in the structure of Fe-beidellite or ferruginous smectite were observed in the NIR spectra.
Synthesis of thallium-leucite (TlAlSi2O6) pseudomorph
after analcime
Authors: Kyono A. , Kimata M. , Shimizu M. , Saito S. , Nishida N. , Hatta T. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Thallium leucite, TlAlSi2O6, has
been synthesized at 450°C for 7 days, under ambient conditions, by the
transformation of dehydrated analcime
NaAlSi2O6 in the presence of excess
TlCl. This substitution of Tl for Na leads to confirmation of a thallium-leucite
pseudomorph after analcime. Their optical properties, X-ray powder diffraction
patterns, electron microprobe analysis, infrared spectra, and X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy have characterized the synthetic Tl-leucites. The IR spectra show
that the mid-IR modes T-O stretching and
T-O-T bending vibrations for
TlAlSi2O6 are more resemblant of
those for analcime than for leucite,
KAlSi2O6. This resemblance implies
that Tl cation enters the W-site rather than the
S-site in the analcime structure: Na
(S) + H2O
(W) ⇋ □ + K (leucite) ⇋ □ + Tl (Tl- leucite), where
□ represents an S-site vacancy. The mechanism of this
substitution is supported by the crystal chemical constraints: inasmuch as the
S-site is smaller than the
W-site, Tl+ cations being
larger than Na+ plainly prefer the latter site to the former.
One inference from the binding energy for Tl+ by XPS is that
Tl+ occupies the extra-framework site in synthetic leucite
pseudomorph, rather than the smaller tetrahedral site. The difference in Al/Si
disordering between analcime and leucite and the nonstoichiometry due to the solid
solution of the □Si3O6 component into
the leucite structure may provide a fundamental insight into understanding why
TlAlSi2O6 deviates from the trend
defined by K-, Rb- and CsAlSi2O6 leucite
series on the a-c parameter diagram, inasmuch as these
three cations in the leucite structure occupy the
W-sites. Finally, synthesis of
TlAlSi2O6 leucite has an implication
for the existence of other polymorphs due to different degrees of Al/Si
disordering, except for high- and low-temperature leucites already known: natural
leucites crystallized directly through igneous processes are different from those
formed by substitution of K for Na in analcimes.
Inhibition of neutrophil elastase prevents cathelicidin activation and impairs clearance of bacteria from wounds
Authors: Cole Alexander M. , Shi Jishu , Ceccarelli Alejandro , Kim Yong-Hwan , Park Albert , Ganz Tomas 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe host defense roles of neutrophil elastase in a porcine skin wound chamber model were explored. Analysis of wound fluid by acid-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blot, and bacterial overlay confirmed that the neutrophil-derived protegrins constituted the major stable antimicrobial polypeptide in the wound fluid. The application to the wound of 0.10 and 0.25 mM N-methoxysuccinyl-alanine-alanine-proline-valine (AAPV) chloromethyl ketone, a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor (NEI), blocked the proteolytic activation of protegrins and diminished the associated antimicrobial activity as detected by radial diffusion assay againstStaphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans or by bacterial gel overlay against S epidermidis and E coli. The application of the related cathepsin G inhibitor (CGI), benzyloxycarbonyl-glycine-leucine-phenylalanine (ZGLF) chloromethyl ketone, had no effect. In wound chambers that received 106 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL of S epidermidis, the presence of NEI significantly decreased the 24-hour clearance of bacteria from the wound compared to wounds treated with CGI or solvent only. Neither inhibitor, at 0.10 or 0.25 mM concentration, affected leukocyte accumulation or degranulation in the wound chambers. The in vitro microbicidal decrement due to NEI was restored by an amount of the specific protegrin (PG-1), which was equivalent to the measured difference of protegrin between control and inhibited chambers. Administration of 1 μg/mL exogenous PG-1 4 hours after chamber preparation was sufficient to normalize in vivo antimicrobial activity. Although pharmacologic NEIs are promising candidates as anti-inflammatory drugs, they may impair host defense in part by inhibiting the activation of cathelicidins by neutrophil elastase.
Regulation of human coagulation factor X gene expression by GATA-4 and the Sp family of transcription factors
Authors: Hung Hsiao-Ling , Pollak Eleanor S. , Kudaravalli Rama D. , Arruda Valder , Chu Kirk , High Katherine A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSerine protease factor Xa plays a critical role in the coagulation cascade. Zymogen factor X is synthesized and modified in the liver. To understand the mechanisms governing the liver-specific expression of factor X, the proximal promoter of human factor X was previously characterized. Two crucial cis elements at −73 and −128 and their cognate binding proteins, HNF-4 and NF-Y, respectively, were identified. In this report, studies are extended to 3 additionalcis elements within the factor X promoter. Using gel mobility shift assays, the liver-enriched protein GATA-4 was identified as the protein binding to the GATA element at −96. GATA-4 transactivates the factor X promoter 28-fold in transient transfection experiments. It was also determined that the Sp family of transcription factors binds 2 DNase I–footprinted sites at −165 and −195. Disruption of Sp protein binding at either site reduces the promoter activity by half. Simultaneous disruption of both sites reduces the promoter activity 8-fold. This is the first report indicating the involvement of GATA-4 in the regulation of clotting factor expression. These observations provide novel insight into mechanisms by which the vitamin K–dependent coagulation factors are regulated.
Redox cycling of diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells
Authors: D'Agnillo Felice , Alayash Abdu I. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIt is hypothesized that oxidative reactions of hemoglobin driven by reactive oxygen species in the vasculature lead to endothelial cell injury or death. Bovine aortic endothelial cells were incubated with diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DBBF-Hb), developed as a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), generated by the glucose oxidase system. The low steady flux of H2O2 oxidizes the ferrous form of DBBF-Hb and drives the redox cycling of ferric and ferryl DBBF-Hb. Cells underwent rounding, swelling and detachment, and accumulated in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. G2/M arrest preceded the onset of apoptosis as determined by increases in phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and sub-G1 events. Redox cycling of unmodified hemoglobin also led to G2/M arrest and apoptosis. The rate and extent of DBBF-Hb oxidation correlated with the onset and extent of G2/M arrest and apoptosis and induced significant decreases in soluble reduced thiols. Earlier depletion of glutathione by pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine rendered cells more susceptible to G2/M arrest and apoptosis. The caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, had no effect on the induction of G2/M arrest but completely inhibited the subsequent increases in PS externalization and sub-G1 events. Catalase inhibited DBBF-Hb oxidation, the loss of thiols, and the onset of G2/M arrest and apoptosis. These data support a causative role for the ferric–ferryl redox cycle in the development of endothelial cell injury.
Epitope mapping of inhibitory antibodies against platelet glycoprotein Ibα reveals interaction between the leucine-rich repeat N-terminal and C-terminal flanking domains of glycoprotein Ibα
Authors: Cauwenberghs Nancy , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Vauterin Stephan , Westra Douwe F. , Romo Gabriel , Huizinga Eric G. , Lopez José A. , Berndt Michael C. , Harsfalvi Jolàn , Deckmyn Hans 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe interaction of von Willebrand factor (vWF) with the platelet receptor glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) is important for platelet adhesion at high shear stress. Two functionally important antigenic areas within GPIbα were identified through the characterization of 5 new inhibitory anti-GPIb monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The binding sites of 3 of these anti-GPIb mAbs, which were intercompeting and potently inhibiting shear stress–induced binding of vWF, were mapped within the N-terminal amino acid (aa) 1-59 area by the use of canine-human chimeras. These antibodies, however, had little or no effect (approximately 40% inhibition) on the binding of vWF induced by either botrocetin or ristocetin. On the other hand, the anti-GPIb mAbs 24G10 and 6B4, which blocked GPIb-vWF binding under all conditions examined, bound to 2 different regions of GPIbα, aa 1-81 and aa 201-268, respectively. The epitope for 6B4 was further narrowed by phage display revealing 2 sets of peptide sequences aligning within aa 259-262 and aa 230-242. In the latter region of GPIbα, the gain-of-function platelet-type von Willebrand disease (PT-vWD) mutations have been identified. Alignment was partially confirmed because the binding of 6B4 to recombinant GPIbα fragments carrying either one of the PT-vWD mutations was considerably impaired but not completely abolished. In contrast, mAb 24G10 bound more strongly to mutant PT-vWD GPIbα. However, although 24G10 competed with 6B4 for binding to platelets, it bound to an epitope within aa 1-81 of GPIbα. In conclusion, 2 functionally important areas within GPIbα were identified: one localized within the leucine-rich repeat N-terminal aa 1-59 area and one composed of residues aa 1-81 in close contact with aa 201-268. Moreover, further support is provided for the existence of an intramolecular interaction between the N-terminal flanking (aa 1-81) and C-terminal flanking (aa 201-268) regions.
High-level erythroid-specific gene expression in primary human and murine hematopoietic cells with self-inactivating lentiviral vectors
Authors: Moreau-Gaudry Francois , Xia Ping , Jiang Gang , Perelman Natalya P. , Bauer Gerhard , Ellis James , Surinya Katherine H. , Mavilio Fulvio , Shen Che-Kun , Malik Punam 
Published: July 2002

AbstractUse of oncoretroviral vectors in gene therapy for hemoglobinopathies has been impeded by low titer vectors, genetic instability, and poor expression. Fifteen self- inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vectors using 4 erythroid promoters in combination with 4 erythroid enhancers with or without the woodchuck hepatitis virus postregulatory element (WPRE) were generated using the enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter gene. Vectors with high erythroid-specific expression in cell lines were tested in primary human CD34+ cells and in vivo in the murine bone marrow (BM) transplantation model. Vectors containing the ankyrin-1 promoter showed high-level expression and stable proviral transmission. Two vectors containing the ankyrin-1 promoter and 2 erythroid enhancers (HS-40 plus GATA-1 or HS-40 plus 5-aminolevulinate synthase intron 8 [I8] enhancers) and WPRE expressed at levels higher than the HS2/β-promoter vector in bulk unilineage erythroid cultures and individual erythroid blast-forming units derived from human BM CD34+ cells. Sca1+/lineage− Ly5.1 mouse hematopoietic cells, transduced with these 2 ankyrin-1 promoter vectors, were injected into lethally irradiated Ly5.2 recipients. Eleven weeks after transplantation, high-level expression was seen from both vectors in blood (63%-89% of red blood cells) and erythroid cells in BM (70%-86% engraftment), compared with negligible expression in myeloid and lymphoid lineages in blood, BM, spleen, and thymus (0%-4%). The I8/HS-40–containing vector encoding a hybrid human β/γ-globin gene led to 43% to 113% human γ-globin expression/copy of the mouse α-globin gene. Thus, modular use of erythroid-specific enhancers/promoters and WPRE in SIN-lentiviral vectors led to identification of high-titer, stably transmitted vectors with high-level erythroid-specific expression for gene therapy of red cell diseases.