bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calf circumference was negatively associated with all-cause mortality among the Chinese centenarians: a prospective study with a 5-year follow-up
Authors: Sun Zhigao , Zhang Hengbo , Liu Xiaofei , Wang Xiaobing , Liu Qiong , Zhao Yali , Nie Yan , Huang Dongzong , Fu Shihui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia is an aging-related disorder characterized by a loss of muscle mass and function. Calf circumference (CC) is a useful surrogate marker of muscle mass and function. This prospective study was designed to investigate the association between CC and all-cause mortality during a follow-up for 5 years in the Chinese centenarians.

Methods
The China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study (CHCCS) is conducted in 18 cities and counties of Hainan, China.

Results
All 231 centenarians had a mean age of 103.03 years. Survival participants had a longer CC and were often living alone compared with others (P<0.05 for all). Multivariate Cox regression models showed that CC was negatively associated with all-cause mortality (P < 0.05 for all). Participants with a longer CC had a lower mortality risk compared with others [Exp(β): 0.918; 95%confidence interval: 0.863–0.977]. Participants with a longer CC had a lower mortality risk whether they were males or females and lived with family members or alone.

Conclusion
CC was negatively associated with all-cause mortality and could be an indicator of future mortality among the Chinese centenarians. Further researches should focus on preventing a decline in the CC in order to promote human longevity.
Mediating role of accelerated aging in the association between depression and mortality risk: findings from NHANES
Authors: Xu Cheng , Wang Jia-ni , Song Zhen , Deng Han-yu , Li Chong-chao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the association between depression, accelerated biological aging, and mortality risk, and to assess whether accelerated aging mediates the relationship between major depression and mortality risk.

Methods
A prospective cohort of 12,761 participants aged 20 years or older from the 2005–2010 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was analyzed. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with scores of ≥ 10 indicating major depression. Accelerated biological aging was measured using phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel). Multivariable linear regression models and subgroup analyses were used to examine the association between depression and accelerated aging, while weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models and subgroup analyses assessed the impact of major depression on mortality risk. Mediation analysis was performed to assess whether PhenoAgeAccel mediated the relationship between major depression and mortality outcomes.

Results
Among the 12,761 adults, the weighted mean age was 46.6 years, with 48.8% being male, and 6.9% experiencing major depression. The results showed a positive association between major depression and PhenoAgeAccel (β: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.06–1.16). Over a median follow-up duration of 11.3 years (interquartile range: 9.9–13.1), major depression was associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.13–1.62) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.18–2.54). However, the relationship with cancer mortality was not statistically significant after full adjustment for confounding factors. The mediation analysis further revealed that PhenoAgeAccel accounted for 10.32% and 5.12% of the associations between major depression and all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality, respectively.

Conclusion
Depression is associated with accelerated aging and contributes to increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Accelerated aging partially mediates the association between major depression and mortality risk. Our findings highlight the urgent need to incorporate mental health care into public health strategies to delay population aging and reduce mortality risk.
Decoding pain: prediction under different emotional contexts through physiological signals
Authors: Alves Bruna , Brás Susana , Sebastião Raquel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Pain recognition is a challenging yet crucial problem. Common methods used to measure pain are based on self-reported tools; however, not every person can communicate it. Therefore, automatic pain detection methods have emerged. Since pain is related to the emotional state of an individual, this variable must be considered. Thus, this work proposes pain prediction under different emotional contexts. For this purpose, data were collected during a protocol designed for pain induction with previous emotional elicitation. Emotions were elicited through videos composed of excerpts of documentaries, horror and comedy films, while the pain was induced through a Cold Pressor Test. Physiological signals, such as electrocardiogram, electrodermal activity and surface electromyogram, were collected during the protocol. Furthermore, several questionnaires were answered and pain reports were also registered. Two problems were addressed: pain classification and estimation of the Pain Tolerance score. The algorithm with the best performance for each problem was found using only data from the neutral session and nested cross-validation strategy. Using only physiological data from the neutral session, a F1-score of 99.32% was obtained for pain recognition and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.29 was obtained for Pain Tolerance estimation. When considering all the emotional sessions, the physiological data were merged with scores of the Visual Analogue Scale questionnaire, achieving a F1-score of 98.60% and a MAE of 0.41, for the first and second problems, respectively. These results are promising and stress out the key role that the emotional context of the individuals plays in pain prediction.
Coping Flexibility: Match Between Coping Strategy and Perceived Stressor Controllability Predicts Depressed Mood
Authors: Leslie-Miller Calissa J. , Joormann Jutta , Quinn Meghan E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIndividual differences in coping responses can predict psychological distress, anxiety, and depression; therefore, it is vital to explore adaptive coping strategies. Recent research suggests that an individual’s ability to choose strategies based on the context may be more important than the ability to use any one strategy, an ability termed coping flexibility. For example, problem-focused coping is adaptive for situations of high control, while emotion-focused coping is adaptive for situations of low control. This conceptualization of coping flexibility, termed strategy-situation fit, consists of the match of strategy to situation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if daily fluctuations in strategy-situation fit for daily stressors would be associated with daily levels of depressed mood. A seven-day diary study in a sample of undergraduate students (n = 75) was completed. The results of generalized linear mixed models demonstrated that in situations of high stress and high control, more use of emotion-focused coping was related to higher levels of depressed mood. Additionally, in situations of high stress and low control, more use of emotion-focused coping was related to lower levels of depressed mood. These findings suggest that the match between emotion-focused coping and perceived stressor controllability can be a predictor of daily experiences of depressed mood when faced with high-level stressors.
Inequalities between s-numbers
Authors: Ullrich Mario 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSingular numbers of linear operators between Hilbert spaces were generalized to Banach spaces by s-numbers (in the sense of Pietsch). This allows for different choices, including approximation, Gelfand, Kolmogorov and Bernstein numbers. Here, we present an elementary proof of a bound between the smallest and the largest s-number.
Clay Minerals and Continental‐Scale Remagnetization: A Case Study of South American Neoproterozoic Carbonates
Authors: Donardelli Bellon Ualisson , Trindade Ricardo Ivan Ferreira , Williams Wyn , Galante Douglas , Sant’Anna Lucy Gomes , Pescarini Thales 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Neoproterozoic carbonate rocks of the Araras Group (Amazon Craton) and the Sete‐Lagoas and Salitre Formations (São Francisco Craton) share a statistically indistinguishable single‐polarity (reversed) characteristic direction. This direction is associated with paleomagnetic poles that do not align with the expected directions for primary detrital remanence. We employ a combination of classical rock magnetic properties and micro imaging/chemical analysis (in thin sections) using synchrotron radiation to examine these remagnetized carbonate rocks. Magnetic data indicate that most samples lack the anomalous hysteresis properties typically associated with carbonate remagnetization (except for distorted loops). Through a combination of Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), X‐ray Fluorescence (XRF), and X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), we identified subhedral/anhedral magnetite, or spherical grains with a core‐shell structure of magnetite surrounded by maghemite. These grains are within the pseudo‐single domain size range, as do most of the iron sulfides, and are spatially associated with potassium‐bearing aluminosilicates. While fluid percolation and organic matter maturation play a role, smectite‐illitization appears to be crucial for the growth of these phases. X‐ray diffraction analysis, in addition, identifies these silicates as predominantly highly crystalline illite, suggesting exposure to epizone temperatures. These temperatures were likely reached during the final stages of the Gondwana assembly (Cambrian), but remanence was only locked in afterward, in successive cooling events during the Early Middle Ordovician. This is supported by the carbonates' paleomagnetic pole positions compared to Gondwana's apparent polar wander path, and the absence of reversals, contrasting with the high reversal frequency of the Late Ediacaran/Cambrian.
Connections Between Sub‐Cloud Coherent Updrafts and the Life Cycle of Maritime Shallow Cumulus Clouds in Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Gu Jian‐Feng , Plant Robert S. , Holloway Christopher E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe develop a novel approach to detect cloud‐subcloud coupling during the cloud life cycle and analyze a large eddy simulation of marine shallow cumulus based on the Barbados oceanographic and meteorological experiment campaign. Our results demonstrate how the activity of sub‐cloud coherent updrafts (SCUs) affect the evolution of shallow cloud properties during their life cycles, from triggering to development, and through to dissipation. Most clouds are related to SCUs during their lifetime but not every SCU ( for short‐lived ones) leads to cloud formation. The fastest growing SCUs in a relatively moist region are most likely to initiate clouds. The evolution of cloud base mass‐flux depends on cloud lifetime. Compared with short‐lived clouds, longer lived clouds have longer periods of development, even normalized by the full lifetime, and tend to increase their cloud base mass‐flux to a stronger maximum. This is consistent with the evolution of mass flux near the top of SCU, indicating that the development of clouds is closely related to the sub‐cloud activity. When the SCUs decay and detach from the lifting condensation level, the corresponding cloud base starts to rise, signifying the start of cloud dissipation, during which the cloud top lowers to approach the rising cloud base. Previous studies have described similar conceptual pieces of this relationship but here we provide a continuous framework to cover all the stages of cloud‐subcloud coupling. Our findings provide quantitative evidence to supplement the conceptual model of shallow cloud life cycle and is critical to improve the steady‐state assumption in parameterization.
Nearshore Propagation and Amplification of the Tsunami Following the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake, Japan
Authors: Yamanaka Y. , Matsuba Y. , Shimozono T. , Tajima Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOn 1 January 2024, a massive earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula in Japan, and the resulting tsunami significantly damaged the nearby coasts. This study focuses on Iida Bay, located on the peninsula that suffered severe coastal damage. We observed a tsunami waveform in Iida Bay from video analysis owing to the lack of instrument data. This, combined with the waveform observed outside the bay, was used to correct the initial sea‐surface displacements produced by a prior source model. We successfully reproduced the observed waveforms with corrected displacements and investigated how the tsunami propagated and amplified in the bay. Alongshore wave propagation and superposition were identified as crucial factors in this tsunami event.
Different Origin Field‐Aligned Currents and Their Relationship With Auroral Intensity
Authors: Qu B. H. , Lu J. Y. , Wang Z. W. , Liu J. J. , Wang M. , Li J. Y. , Zhang H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ionospheric field‐aligned current (FAC) consists of three components related to ionospheric vortices and gradients of Pedersen and Hall conductances, with the first term being of magnetospheric origin and the latter two being of ionospheric origin (Eq. 1). We calculate each of them between 2010 and 2016 using line‐of‐sight velocity data from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radar and auroral electron precipitation data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. Then, we investigate the contribution of each FAC component, as well as the relationship between each FAC component and auroral activity. Our result shows that ionospheric‐origin FACs contribute up to 54% (dawn) and 42% (dusk) within the auroral oval. Both magnetospheric‐origin FACs and ionospheric‐origin FACs initially increase and then stabilize as the SuperMAG electrojet (SME) index increases. After stabilization, these two currents have almost equally important roles, with an average contribution rate of 56% and 44%, respectively. Additionally, the ionospheric‐origin FACs are found to have a higher dependency on auroral intensity. We also find that magnetospheric‐origin FACs exhibit distribution patterns similar to the R1/R2 FAC systems because their directions are determined by vorticities. When the SME index exceeds 200 nT, the contribution from the Pedersen conductance gradient consistently exhibits downward currents near 70° magnetic latitude in the dusk and predawn sectors due to the combined effects of velocities and Pedersen conductance gradients. However, the distribution pattern from the Hall conductance gradient is not so clear due to the uncertainty in the angle between velocity and Hall conductance gradient.
Location of Geomagnetic Disturbances in Relation to the Field Aligned Current Boundary
Authors: Bower G. E. , Imber S. , Milan S. E. , Schillings A. , Fleetham A. L. , Gjerloev J. W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGeomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) are rapid fluctuations in the strength and direction of the magnetic field near the surface of the Earth which can cause electric currents to be induced in the ground. The geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can cause damage to pipelines and power grids. A detection algorithm has been developed to identify rapid changes in 10 s averaged magnetometer data. This higher resolution data is important in capturing the most rapid changes associated with extreme GIC events. The algorithm has been used on an array of ground‐based magnetometers from SuperMAG data from 2010 to 2022, creating a new list of global GMDs. Data from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) is used to place the observed GMDs in the context of the global pattern of magnetosphere‐ionosphere field‐aligned currents (FACs). A dawn sector population of GMDs is found to lie near the boundary between the region 1 and region 2 FACs, while a pre‐midnight sector population is found to occur poleward of the FAC boundary on region 1 upward FACs. It is also shown that the latitude of the GMDs expands with the FAC boundary and their occurrence peaks around 77° magnetic latitude.
The ROC Curve Examination on Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances in FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 IVM Ion Density Triggered by the 15 January 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Liu Jann‐Yenq , Cheng Ching‐Chung , Lee Po‐Han , Liu Tien‐Chi , Lin Chi‐Yen , Lin Charles Chien‐Hung , Kan Kevin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC), initially developed for signal processing and psychology, are a test for assessing the performance of a binary classification problem at varying threshold values. The ion density (Ni) observed by FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 is used to study traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) triggered by the 15 January 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption. We examine parameters of Ni, differential Ni, and standard deviation Ni (STD_Ni) in January 2022, simulate TID wavefronts traveling with various speeds from 10 to 1,000 m/s, and apply the ROC curve to globally identify the significance of TIDs in STD_Ni triggered by the volcanic eruption. ROC and AUC results show that in addition to TIDs related to tsunami/tropospheric Lamb waves and a series of fast‐moving waves with propagation speeds of 180–350 and 450–600 m/s, respectively, those long‐lasting low‐speeds less than 70 m/s and high‐speeds about 690, 860, and 990 m/s meet 95% statistical significance, which confirms TIDs being detected. These show that the FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 ion density can be used to globally detect various TIDs triggered by the Tonga volcanic eruption. The ROC test results also show a potential use case for detecting other geophysical signals in future applications.
Influences of the Stagnant Pacific Slab Beyond Its Westernmost Edge: Insights From the Cenozoic Alkaline Basalts in the Dariganga Volcanic Field, SE Mongolia
Authors: Huang Zongying , Yuan Chao , Zhang Yunying , Narantsetseg Tserendash , Gu Haiou , Xu Yi‐Gang , Wang Qiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt remains uncertain whether a stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone can affect the asthenospheric mantle beyond its leading edge. To address this question, we investigated Cenozoic alkaline basalts from the Dariganga volcanic field (DVF) in southeastern Mongolia. The DVF is located west of North–South Gravity Lineament (NSGL) in Eastern China, which is spatially coincident with the seismically detected stagnant Pacific slab front. Basalts from the DVF consist of nephelinite, basanite and alkali olivine basalt. These rocks have relatively high Nb/U (average = 58) and Nb/La (>1) ratios and radiogenic Nd–Hf isotopic compositions. They also have high Ca/Al (0.60–1.13), Zn/FeT (13.5–16.5), and FeO/MnO (77–112) ratios as well as low δ26Mg (−0.42‰ to −0.26‰) values, reflecting an asthenospheric mantle source modified by carbonated eclogite‐derived melts. Pb–Nd–Hf isotope characteristics indicate that the carbonated eclogite‐derived melts likely originated from the stagnant Pacific slab. Although Cenozoic basalts from both the east of the NSGL (ENSGL) and DVF domains exhibit light δ26Mg values, basalts from the ENSGL nevertheless have lower δ26Mg values than those in the DVF domain. This suggests a gradual westward decline in the amount of carbonated melts/fluids derived from the stagnant Pacific slab. This variation trend, combined with a more fertile and oxidized asthenospheric mantle toward the ENSGL, indicates that the stagnant slab has affected the mantle and created a compositional aureole beyond its leading edge, which substantially contributed to the formation of the alkaline basalts in the DVF.
Effect of Soil Moisture on Future Heatwaves Over Eastern China: Convection‐Permitting Regional Climate Simulations
Authors: Xu Yi , Fang Juan , Wang Pinya , Qiu Xuexing , Tang Jianping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSoil moisture deficiencies exacerbate heatwaves through soil moisture‐temperature feedback, an effect that is expected to intensify with climate change, resulting in critical impacts on society and ecosystems. This study aims to investigate the evolving soil moisture‐heatwave relationship over eastern China in the future, using a convection‐permitting (CP, ∼4 km) regional climate model (RCM). The CP‐RCM model simulates historical (1998–2007) and future (2070–2099) climates over eastern China, with three pseudo‐global warming (PGW) experiments conducted under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios. Results indicate a substantial increase in heatwave frequency (HWF) and magnitude (HWM) over eastern China, particularly under the RCP8.5 scenario. The largest HWF (up to 23 days) is expected in South China (SC), and the largest HWM (up to 3.25°C) is expected in Loess Plateau (LP) and North China Plain (NCP), indicating a pronounced future risk of heatwave in the region. Antecedent soil moisture exhibits a negative correlation with heatwave indices (HWM and HWF) in most areas of eastern China, suggesting its role in mitigating heatwaves. Quantile regression analysis shows that antecedent soil moisture exerts a stronger effect on the upper quantile of the HWF/HWM than on the lower quantile. With global warming, the amplifying effect due to soil moisture deficiency on future heatwaves is expected to expand spatially and become more pronounced. Increased soil moisture control on heatwaves can be attributed to reduced energy limitation and intensified water limitation. A comprehensive investigation across five sub‐regions reveals the role of various soil moisture regimes in modulating heatwaves over eastern China.
Organic Carbon and Ca‐Rich Carbonate Detections in Soils of the Northern Plains, Mars: Evaluation of Unreported Data From the Mars Phoenix Scout's Thermal Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA)
Authors: Sutter B. , Archer P. D. , Niles P. B. , Ming D. W. , Hamara D. , Boynton W. V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Thermal Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) analysis of surface and icy subsurface Phoenix landing site soils consisted of low (300–700°C) and high (>700°C) temperature CO2 evolutions that were attributed to organic carbon (83–1,484 μgC/g) and Ca‐rich carbonate (1.1–2.6 wt.%). Total carbon abundances ranged from 1,143 to 4,905 µgC/g, which is the highest soil carbon concentration so far detected on Mars. Low temperature CO2 was attributed to oxidized organic C (e.g., oxalates, acetates), while hydrocarbon combustion was indicated in two soils by the detection of coevolved CO2 and O2 (perchlorate). Combustion reactions may have prevented the detection of hydrocarbon masses in the Phoenix landing site soils. Organic C was likely derived from meteoritic and igneous/hydrothermal sources, but microbiological sources cannot be excluded. CO2 evolved at high temperatures was consistent with Ca‐rich carbonate along with possible minor contributions from macromolecular organic carbon and mineral/glass vesicle CO2. Carbon detected in the Phoenix landing site soil and other landing site soils and sands (e.g., Gale/Jezero craters) would be consistent with global organic C and carbonate in soils and sand across Mars. However, oxidizing water thin films derived from the near‐surface ice in the Phoenix soils favor Ca‐carbonate over Fe‐carbonate, which is likely more stable in the ice‐free regions of Mars (e.g., Gale/Jezero craters). The global carbon budget on Mars inferred from these results emphasizes that Mars Sample Return should yield carbon bearing soil/rock that would allow the identification of the origin of carbon and any possible connections to ancient martian microbiology.