bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental Developmental Anomalies and Their Management: An Orthodontic Perspective
Authors: Egipsy Kelly Celina Tessie Monteiro , Koya Shafees , Umar Dilshad , Shetty Subramanya , Shetty Sandeep 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Dental developmental anomalies present intricate challenges in orthodontic practice, necessitating tailored treatment approaches for optimal outcomes. This review offers a comprehensive examination of current orthodontic strategies for managing such anomalies, emphasizing practical considerations, treatment options, and clinical insights, while delving deeper into the anomalies themselves. From anomaly in number to anomaly in structure, dental developmental anomalies encompass a diverse spectrum of conditions, each characterized by deviations from normal dental development. These anomalies may arise due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both, and can significantly impact a patient’s oral health, function, and aesthetics. Early detection and intervention are crucial in addressing dental developmental anomalies effectively, as timely treatment can help mitigate complications and reduce the need for extensive orthodontic interventions later in life. However, the diagnosis of these anomalies can be challenging, often requiring a combination of clinical examination, radiographic imaging, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Orthodontic management often necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration with various dental specialists, including pediatric dentists, oral surgeons, and prosthodontists. Treatment modalities may encompass both fixed and removable appliances, as well as surgical interventions tailored to meet the unique needs of each patient. Surgical interventions may be warranted for severe anomalies but are typically reserved for cases where conservative measures are insufficient. By delving into the nuances of dental developmental anomalies and exploring practical treatment options, this review aims to provide valuable insights for orthodontic practitioners navigating the complexities of these conditions, ultimately contributing to improved patient care and outcomes.
Dobutamine-induced transient cardiomyopathy during dobutamine stress echocardiography
Authors: Mastebhakti Bhavana , Mustaqueem Arif , Bhandari Suman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a syndrome characterized by transient left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in the absence of significant coronary artery disease. We report a rare case of dobutamine-induced transient cardiomyopathy during dobutamine stress echocardiography, whose coronary angiography was suggestive of noncritical coronary artery disease. The patient was managed conservatively and was discharged after 7 days in a hemodynamically stable condition with improved LV function. Anticoagulation was not pursued due to improvement in LV function. We also herein aim to review the epidemiology, various accepted mechanisms of etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications, diagnostic criteria, and currently practiced guidelines on the management of stress-induced cardiomyopathy.
FIGO PALM–COEIN Classification of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Saudi Women
Authors: Alkhamis Areeb A. , AlDeghaither Basmah S. , Aldakhil Lateefa O. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a significant concern in women’s health. However, there is limited research on its prevalence and characteristics in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of AUB in a gynecology outpatient setting in Saudi Arabia and to categorize the cases of AUB according to the FIGO classification.

Methods:
This retrospective study included all Saudi female patients who presented to the Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over a 2-year period, except those who were pregnant. Data regarding demographics, BMI, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, ultrasound results, and histopathology findings was collected. Cases of AUB were classified using the FIGO PALM-COEIN system.

Results:
A total of 2724 patients were included, of which 44.6% had AUB. The most common presentations of AUB were irregular cycles (59.3%) and heavy bleeding (12.8%), and the most affected group was the reproductive age group (19-39 years). Obesity was identified as a significant risk factor. AUB-O (ovulatory disorder; functional cause) was the most prevalent (23%), followed by AUB-L (leiomyomas, 18%; structural cause) and AUB-P (polyps, 8.8%). Specific AUB patterns correlated with ultrasonographic findings, with heavy bleeding associated with polyps, adenomyosis, and leiomyomas. AUB patients had lower hemoglobin levels, indicating potential health impacts.

Conclusions:
The study found that nearly half of all women presenting with gynecological complaints in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, have AUB. According to the FIGO classification, functional causes of AUB were more prevalent than structural causes. Further research is necessary to explore underlying causes of AUB and its long-term health implications.
Extended Review and Updates of Nonalcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease
Authors: Habas Elmukhtar , Farfar Kalifa , Habas Eshrak , Rayani Amnna , Elzouki Abdul-Naser 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD), also known as pancreatic steatosis, is a benign condition characterized by deposition of lipids in the pancreas and is associated with insulin resistance, malnutrition, obesity, metabolic syndrome, aging, and absence of heavy alcohol intake or infection. Similar to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFPD is a phenotypic entity that includes fat buildup in the pancreas, pancreatic inflammation, and subsequent fibrosis. The extent to which pancreatic fat infiltration is clinically important remains unclear. Despite these clinical associations, most of the clinical effects of NAFPD are not known. NAFPD may be identified by transabdominal and elastography ultrasound, computed tomography scan, or magnetic resonance imaging modalities, but a confirmatory diagnosis can only be made through tissue histology. In addition to complications such as acute and chronic pancreatitis, NAFPD may progress to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, further research is required to fully understand the associations, pathophysiology, and effects of NAFPD. This review provides a narrative synthesis of the current literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, complications, diagnostic and imaging tools, and management of NAFPD.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter Infections in a Community Hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gaifer Zied , Fallatah Raneem , Alanazi Alhanouf , Alfagi Raghad , Alharbi Lina , Osman Haitham 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:

Acinetobacter is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes nosocomial infections, increasing healthcare costs, patient morbidity, and mortality. The rate of carbapenem resistance among Acinetobacter species is rising in several countries, including Saudi Arabia.

Objective:
To determine the risk factors and compare the predictors of mortality in patients infected with carbapenem-susceptible and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter strains.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study included patients with Acinetobacter infection who were admitted to a community hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2017 and June 2021. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the risks of acquiring carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter infections and the mortality risk associated with these infections.

Results:
This study included 138 Acinetobacter-infected cases, of which 114 (82%) were carbapenem-resistant infections. Between 2017 and 2020, resistance rates increased from 75% to 87%. Patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter infections had higher 90-day mortality than those with carbapenem-susceptible infection (62% vs. 29%, P = 0.006). The risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter infections were prior antimicrobial therapy (aOR: 8.36 [1.69–41.29]; P = 0.009) and mechanical ventilation (aOR: 6.07 [1.82–20.20]; P = 0.003). Among all patients with Acinetobacter infections, significant predictors of 90-day mortality were carbapenem resistance (aOR: 3.26 [1.19–8.90]; P = 0.021) and Charlson comorbidity score (aOR: 1.19 [1.06–1.34]; P = 0.004).

Conclusion:
The increase in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter cases in this study was consistent with the findings of other studies from Saudi Arabia. This, together with the high associated mortality rates, indicates the urgent need for effective antimicrobials and infection prevention strategies to combat carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter infections in hospitals.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chemical and herbal toothpastes on selected clinical microbial oral flora
Authors: Buru A. S. , Tola A. P. , Akinseye J. F. , Oluboyo B. O. , Egbebi A. H. , Zagi T. H. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Microbes are most commonly found associated with oral diseases. Globally, researchers along with the world Health Organization (WHO) suggested that this could be due to poor oral health and encourage all individuals to practice good oral hygiene using daily oral health products. The study aimed to determine the antimicrobial effects of toothpastes, as acclaimed by the manufacturers, to selected microbial flora involved in oral infections. Methodology: The antimicrobial activity of 6 toothpastes (3 herbal and 3 chemical) was tested against 3 clinical microbial isolates; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each toothpaste determined for each microbial isolate using the broth dilution method. Results: Colgate exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against S. aureus with respective MIC and MBC of 125mg/ml and 125mg/ml, followed by Oral-B with MIC and MBC of 125mg/ml and 500mg/ml, Dabur herbal with MIC and MBC of 250mg/ml and 500mg/ml, and Longrich with MIC of 500mg/ml and MBC of 1000mg/ml. Colgate and CloseUp exhibited highest inhibitory activity against E. coli with respective MIC and MBC of 125mg/ml and 500mg/ml, followed by Dabur herbal with MIC of 500mg/ml but no MBC. Colgate exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against C. albicans with respective MIC and MBC of 125mg/ml and 500mg/ml, followed by CloseUp with MIC of 500mg/ml, Longrich with MIC of 500mg/ml and MBC of 1000mg/ml, and oral-B with MIC of 500mg/ml but no MBC. Longrich and Oral-B exhibited no MIC/MBC against E. coli while Gavia charcoal exhibited no MIC/MBC against all the 3 microbial isolates at the concentrations used in the assay.Conclusion: The results obtained showed that chemically formulated toothpastes (Colgate, CloseUp and Oral-B) had higher inhibitory activity on microbial isolates than herbal toothpastes (Longrich, Dabur herbal and Gavia charcoal). This supports the manufacturers claim for the chemical toothpastes used, however, the herbal toothpastes showed little or no inhibitory effects on the microbial flora.
The role of organizational culture as a moderating factor in the relationship between e-procurement adoption, procurement performance, and value for money
Authors: Issah Ofori , Ackah David 
Published: October 2024

The study assesses the role of organizational culture in the relationship between e-procurement adoption, procurement performance, and value for money. A single cross-sectional survey approach was used in collecting data from the respondents and relied on quantitative approach. convenience sampling was used to obtain a sample size of 136. The findings of the study concluded that electronic procurement has a positive and significant effect on procurement performance. Procurement performance has a positive and significant effect on value for money. Organizational culture does not significantly moderate the relationship between electronic procurement and procurement performance. Organizational culture positively and significantly moderates the relationship between procurement performance and value for money. The study contributes to academic knowledge by exploring the moderating role of organizational culture in the relationship between electronic procurement adoption, procurement performance, and value for money.
Research grant writing tips and advice
Authors: Renzaho Andre 
Published: October 2024

Writing a research grant proposal is a challenge. The biggest challenge relates to writing a grant without understanding the audience. There are two audiences one needs to have in mind when planning to write a grant. The first audience is the agency to which you plan to submit the grant application and the second audience is your own institution. You need to ensure that whatever research idea you plan to put forward not only fits the funding agency's research priorities but also that it aligns with your organisation’s research priorities. If you fail to articulate your grant application within these two parameters, then you know that it may not necessarily be competitive. Hence, you need to look back and try to understand whether you are aware of the funding agency's mission, research agenda, and guidelines, especially grant submission rules and inclusion and exclusion criteria. You do not want to waste your time putting a grant proposal and then realise at the last minute that you are not going to be eligible. In this paper I outline some of the tips to help you make your grant writing journey a rewarding exercise.
HOW TO REFERENCE USING ASWDNET STYLE
Renzaho, A. M. N. (2024). Research grant writing tips and advice. African Journal of Social Work, 14(3), 108-119`. Grant writing workshop presentation delivered on 22 March 2022, organised by the African Social Work Development Network, East Africa Social Work Regional Centre and Association of Schools of Social Work in Africa. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v14i3.1
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
Sexual Information Sources And Risky Sexual Behaviour Among Female Secondary School Adolescents In Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ushie Akpa Stephen , Bassey Anam Blessing , Udochukwu Akah Levi 
Published: October 2024

This study adopted correlational survey design to establish the relationship between sexual information sources and risky sexual behaviour among female secondary school adolescents in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria. It was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses. A sample of 395 female students in public secondary schools in the study area were selected using purposive and simple random sampling techniques. One instrument titled “sexual information sources and risky sexual behaviour (SISRSBQ) was developed by the researcher with the help of research experts and used for data collection. The reliability of the questionnaire, established using Cronbach Alpha which ranges from 80 to .87. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient at .05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that formal education, social media sources of information significantly relate to risky sexual behaviour among female secondary school adolescents. it was concluded that the risky sexual behaviours of female students depend their formal education, social media sources of information. Based on the findings and conclusion of this study, it was recommended amongst others that schools should develop curricula that not only provide accurate sexual health information but also teach critical media literacy skills. This would help students discern credible sources from unreliable ones on social media platforms.
Parental Guidance, Peer Association As Correlate Of Preventive Measures Against Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Secondary School Students In Ekwusigo Local Government Area In Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ushie Akpa Stephen , Bassey Anam Blessing , Udochukwu Akah Levi 
Published: October 2024

This study adopted correlational survey design to established the relationship between parental guidance. peer association and preventive measures against sexually transmitted diseases among secondary school students in Ekwusigo Local Government Area in Anambra State, Nigeria. It was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses. A sample of 266 SS2 students in six public secondary schools in the study area were selected using simple random sampling technique. One instrument titled “Source of preventive measures against sexually transmitted diseases (SPMSTQ) was developed by the researchers with the help of experts and used for data collection. The reliability of the questionnaire, established using Cronbach Alpha which ranges from 81 to .86. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment correlation Coefficient at .05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that parental guidance and peer association individually significantly relate to the preventive measure against sexually transmitted diseases among secondary school students in Ekwusigo Iocal government area of Anambra State, Nigeria. it was concluded that preventive measures against sexually transmitted diseases among secondary school students depend on effective parental guidance and positive peer association. Based on the findings and conclusion of this study, it was recommended amongst others that Schools and communities should encourage parents to engage in open discussions about sexual health with their children. This would help to minimize the rate of sexually transmitted diseases among secondary school students
Effect of nutrition education on serological variables of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited Clinic Warri, Delta State Nigeria
Authors: Tasie Chinedu T , Afam-Anene Olivia C , Nnoka Kingsley O , Johnson Emeka 
Published: October 2024

Background: The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus around the world appears as dramatic as to have been characterized as an epidemic. Diabetes mellitus causes prolonged ill-health, imposes morbidity and mortality risks, and necessitates a change in lifestyle, with a meticulous daily routine and long-term self-care.
Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effect of nutrition education on serological variables of the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Methodology: Two Hundred and Thirty (230) out of 258 subjects who participated in the longitudinal study were confirmed Type 2 diabetics. One hundred and Fifty (150) subjects were grouped into education group and Eighty (80) subjects into control group. Information on socio-demographic, life-style characteristics, and management regimens of the diabetes were collected using structured, validated and pretested questionnaire. Subject’s serological variables such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), 2-hours post prandial and fasting lipid profile were collected. Nutrition education was instituted and was performed in a group of 15 patients per session in 2 hours.
Results: Most of the subjects (70.0%) in the education group at baseline had elevated HbA1c with a mean baseline HbA1c level of 8.08+1.88%. While most of the subjects (65.00%) in the control group at baseline had normal HbA1c with a mean baseline glycated hemoglobin level of 7.01+1.86%. However, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the mean and percentage number of HbA1c of the subjects in education and control group. Only 6.7% of the subjects had low Fasting Blood Glucose (<4.2mmol/l), 58.0% had high Fasting Blood Glucose (>7.0mmol/l) and 35.3% had normal Fasting Blood Glucose (4.2-5.9mmol/l). After three months follow up, the number of subjects who had normal FBG increased from 35.3% to 54.7%, the low FBG levels increased from 6.5% to 10.0% but high Fasting Blood Glucose levels reduced from 58.0% to 35.3%.
Conclusion: There was significant reduction in the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) of the subjects after nutrition education and follow up, indicating that nutrition education and follow up has positive impact the serological variables of the subjects who are diabetics.
Does Privatization improve Corporate Governance and Profitability? Evidence from Cement Company of Northern Nigeria
Authors: Masu-Gombe Bappayo 
Published: October 2024

The paper study how Privatization improves Corporate Governance and Profitability of Cement Company of Northern Nigeria. Data was collected from secondary sources, and the statistical tools employed in the Methodology were descriptive statistics and OLS regressions. The study aimed at bridging literature gap on studies that relate corporate governance and privatization policy in Nigeria. The results suggest that, The result suggest that, the company has lower market capitalization, private sector and foreign investors have concentrated ownership, bigger board size, lower percentage of executive directors and higher percentage of non-executive directors, Board chairmen were not the chief executives and chairmen audit committees were non-executive directors, lower workforce, higher percentage of management staff small percentage of non-management staff, lower profitability, products demand depended on government capital projects, The Company purchased 5MW power plant in 1991, macro-economic challenges such as devaluation of naira, energy sector crisis, foreign exchange rate, inflation, trade liberalization, inconsistent stabilization policies, political instability and banks’ strikes and weak private sector. Inferential result reveals that, has state ownership, percentage of management staff, percentage of non-management staff and privatization have positive and significant relationship with profitability. However, minority ownership has a negative and significant relationship with profitability. Based on these findings, the researcher arrived at the conclusion that, Corporate governance has significant impacts on profitability of Cement Company of Northern Nigerian. Even though, unfavourable macroeconomic environment militated against its efficiency. The study recommends that, government needs to introduce macroeconomic stabilization measures that will improve effective demand of cement products particularly with the problem of withdrawal of fuel subsidy in the economy. The company should, as a matter of necessity, design strategies that will; create international market opportunities, enhance security measures, cheap inputs, efficient financial and inventories management that will improve profitability post privatization.