bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organized Chaos in Late Specialization Team Sports: Weekly Training Loads of Elite Adolescent Rugby Union Players
Authors: Phibbs Padraic J. , Jones Ben , Roe Gregory , Read Dale B. , Darrall-Jones Joshua , Weakley Jonathon , Rock Andrew , Till Kevin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Phibbs, PJ, Jones, B, Roe, G, Read, DB, Darrall-Jones, J, Weakley, J, Rock, A, and Till, K. Organized chaos in late specialization team sports: weekly training loads of elite adolescent rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1316–1323, 2018—The aim of this study was to quantify the mean weekly training load (TL) of elite adolescent rugby union players participating in multiple teams and examine the differences between playing positions. Twenty elite male adolescent rugby union players (17.4 ± 0.7 years) were recruited from a regional academy and categorized by playing position: forwards (n = 10) and backs (n = 10). Global positioning system and accelerometer microtechnology was used to quantify external TL, and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) was used to quantify internal TL during all sessions throughout a 10-week in-season period. A total of 97 complete observations (5 ± 3 weeks per participant) were analyzed, and differences between positions were assessed using Cohen's d effect sizes (ES) and magnitude-based inferences. Mean weekly sRPE was 1,217 ± 364 arbitrary units (AU) (between-subject coefficient of variation [CV] = 30%), with a total distance (TD) of 11,629 ± 3,445 m (CV = 30%), and PlayerLoad (PL) of 1,124 ± 330 AU (CV = 29%). Within-subject CV ranged between 5 and 78% for sRPE, 24 and 82% for TD, and 19 and 84% for PL. Mean TD (13,063 ± 3,933 vs. 10,195 ± 2,242 m) and PL (1,246 ± 345 vs. 1,002 ± 279 AU) were both likely greater for backs compared with forwards (moderate ES); however, differences in sRPE were unclear (small ES). Although mean internal TLs and volumes were low, external TLs were higher than previously reported during preseason and in-season periods in senior professional players. Additionally, the large between-subject and within-subject variation in weekly TL suggests that players participate in a chaotic training system.
Mediation of Movement-Induced Breakthrough Cancer Pain by IB4-Binding Nociceptors in Rats
Authors: Havelin Joshua , Imbert Ian , Sukhtankar Devki , Remeniuk Bethany , Pelletier Ian , Gentry Jonathan , Okun Alec , Tiutan Timothy , Porreca Frank , King Tamara E. 
Published: April 2017

Cancer-induced bone pain is characterized by moderate to severe ongoing pain that commonly requires the use of opiates. Even when ongoing pain is well controlled, patients can suffer breakthrough pain (BTP), episodic severe pain that “breaks through” the medication. We developed a novel model of cancer-induced BTP using female rats with mammary adenocarcinoma cells sealed within the tibia. We demonstrated previously that rats with bone cancer learn to prefer a context paired with saphenous nerve block to elicit pain relief (i.e., conditioned place preference, CPP), revealing the presence of ongoing pain. Treatment with systemic morphine abolished CPP to saphenous nerve block, demonstrating control of ongoing pain. Here, we show that pairing BTP induced by experimenter-induced movement of the tumor-bearing hindlimb with a context produces conditioned place avoidance (CPA) in rats treated with morphine to control ongoing pain, consistent with clinical observation of BTP. Preventing movement-induced afferent input by saphenous nerve block before, but not after, hindlimb movement blocked movement-induced BTP. Ablation of isolectin B4 (IB4)-binding, but not TRPV1+, sensory afferents eliminated movement-induced BTP, suggesting that input from IB4-binding fibers mediates BTP. Identification of potential molecular targets specific to this population of fibers may allow for the development of peripherally restricted analgesics that control BTP and improve quality of life in patients with skeletal metastases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe present a novel preclinical measure of movement-induced breakthrough pain (BTP) that is observed in the presence of morphine controlling ongoing pain. Blockade of sensory input before movement prevented BTP, whereas nerve block after movement failed to reverse BTP. These observations indicate that blocking peripheral sensory input may prevent BTP and targeting central sites may be required for pain relief once BTP has been initiated. Preventing sensory input from TRPV1-expressing fibers failed to alter movement-induced BTP. In contrast, preventing sensory input from isolectin B4 (IB4)-binding fibers blocked movement-induced BTP. Therefore, examining molecular targets on this population of nociceptive fibers may prove useful for developing an improved strategy for preventing BTP in cancer patients with skeletal metastases.
Revealing the inner workings of organoids
Authors: Dias Cristina , Guillemot François 
Published: April 2017

The mechanisms by which human stem cells self‐organise into brain‐like tissues in 3D organoid culture are poorly understood. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Renner and Lancaster et al demonstrate that in the absence of external stimuli, human cerebral organoids develop large forebrain structures that display specific landmarks of spatial and temporal patterning, including signalling centres producing known morphogens. The generation of cerebral organoids is therefore likely to reflect normal brain development.
Platelet-rich plasma in skin rejuvenation
Authors: Aghaei Shahin 
Published: April 2017

<span class="highlight"><span>Platelet-rich plasma</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span> </span></span><span>(PRP) is a<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>concentrate of <span class="highlight">platelet</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>that has broadly been used to speed up the restoration of human skin tissues. Procedures of preparation would differ from method to method, depends on the concentration of various participating ingredients including proteins. </span>
Política exterior colombiana 2010-2014: ¿giro a la autonomía?
Authors: González Parias Carlos Hernán , Mesa Bedoya Juan Camilo , Londoño Ossa Gustavo Adolfo 
Published: April 2017

Este artículo de reflexión ciñó su recorte temporal de estudio presenta entre el año 2010 al año 2014, y se plantea desarrollar la hipótesis construida desde la identificación de las diversas actuaciones y actividades que señalan claramente un cambio en cuanto a la orientación de la política exterior colombiana se refiere, tales como: la diversificación de socios comerciales, la participación activa en instancias multilaterales y el protagonismo en temas álgidos de la región, las cuales se configuran como prácticas y métodos de mantenimiento de poder político, tendientes a lograr márgenes de autonomía sin confrontar a EE. UU. Una especie de softlaw o de derecho suave donde un marco conceptual refiere a la autonomía en materia de las Relaciones Internacionales, una necesaria reconstrucción de la evolución de la política exterior colombiana bajo los conceptos de Réspice Polum y autonomía. Finalmente, y mediante el empleo de un marco teórico pertinente, se analizará el periodo descrito
Konflikt pamięci na pograniczu polsko-białoruskim na przykładzie działalności Romualda Rajsa ps. „Bury”
Authors: Moroz Anna 
Published: April 2017

Artykuł ten jest poświęcony przedstawieniu różnych narracji związanych z postacią Romualda Rajsa – członka zbrojnego podziemia znajdującego się obecnie w panteonie Żołnierzy Wyklętych, któremu zarzuca się jednocześnie udział w zabójstwie furmanów oraz pacyfikację kilku białoruskich wsi, w czasie której śmierć poniosły m.in. kobiety i dzieci. Istnienie dwóch odmiennych „legend” o tej postaci, z którymi spotykamy się na pograniczu polsko-białoruskim, jest głównym powodem napięć – związanych z pamięcią o wojnie i czasów zaraz po niej – między Białorusinami i Polakami oraz szerzej, prawosławnymi i katolikami. Postać „Burego” leży u podstaw konfliktu pamięci między wyżej wymienionymi grupami i można przypuszczać, że przekłada się to również na pogorszenie stosunków polsko-białoruskich na Podlasiu. W artykule oprócz wyjaśnienia, czym jest pamięć zbiorowa i konflikt pamięci, autorka przybliża również postać Rajsa – najważniejsze fakty z jego życia, zwłaszcza te będące istotą sporu przez wzgląd na odmienną ich interpretację.
Morawianie (Morawcy) w Polsce
Authors: Kowalski Mariusz 
Published: April 2017

W artykule podjęto charakterystykę ludności morawskiej (Morawców), która na skutek dwudziestowiecznych zmian terytorialnych zamieszkuje w granicach państwa polskiego. Przedstawiciele tej grupy wyróżniają się swym językiem (dialekt laski) i zwyczajami, jednak w odróżnieniu od mieszkańców Republiki Czeskiej, nie utożsamiają się z narodem morawskim lub czeskim. Uważają się za Polaków, Niemców lub Ślązaków, co wynika z przynależności państwowej tych ziem w latach 1742–2016. Procesy akulturacji sprawiają, że już niedługo mogą zniknąć ostatnie znamiona odrębności tej grupy etnicznej. O morawskim pochodzeniu będą świadczyły jedynie nazwiska, noszone przez część jej przedstawicieli.
Działalność organizacyjna mniejszości polskiej na Łotwie (dawne Inflanty Polskie)
Authors: Leśniewska-Napierała Katarzyna 
Published: April 2017

Inflanty Polskie stanowią najbardziej zróżnicowany kulturowo region Łotwy. Działa tu wiele organizacji, starających się podtrzymać tradycje mniejszości narodowych. W artykule omówiono działalność organizacyjną mniejszości polskiej w Łatgalii. Ukazano także działalność oświatową Polaków w Republice Łotewskiej. W badaniach wykorzystano socjologiczną metodę wywiadów pogłębionych z liderami organizacji polskich. Celem wywiadów było poznanie opinii najaktywniejszej, a jednocześnie najbardziej kompetentnej grupy działaczy.
Tribalism Versus Community Organization: Geography of a Multi-Tribal Bedouin Locality in the Galilee
Authors: Medzini Arnon 
Published: April 2017

Currently the Bedouin community in Israel is in very advanced stages of transition from a traditional to a modern society. The intersection between a traditional nomad population and a country with a modern Western lifestyle is a basic and material point of conflict. The Bedouin tribes that settled in the rainy and densely populated Galilee area were affected by their economic, social and geographic proximity to the surrounding agricultural rural region. This geographic proximity also directly affected the relatively rapid transition from nomadism to settlement. Beginning in the 1960s, Israeli government policy began regulating the Bedouins' spontaneous settlement. This step was designed to encourage trends toward social change and modernization in Bedouin society by means of urbanization. The initiative also stemmed from the desire to prevent spontaneous Bedouin settlement that was characterized by broad spatial dispersal and to concentrate the Bedouins in a limited number of towns. The transition to permanent residence forced the Bedouins living there to cope with cultural and social difficulties.On the one hand, the Bedouin tribal and clan structure strives to preserve itself, while on the other the selection of local leadership requires relinquishing tribalism in favor of the community structure. This research focuses on Zarzir, a Bedouin locality in the Galilee region of northern Israel comprising five tribes. The research revealed that the residents of this multi-tribal community demonstrated they were able to bridge between traditional values and modern values, contributing to the process of their adjustment to living in an urban residential environment. They slowly overcame their tribal pride and mutual suspicion and began to understand that it would be more beneficial to promote an independent municipal organization based on democratic elections according to candidates' management skills rather than based on tribal traditions.
Standardized Rat Model Testing Effects of Inflammation and Grafting on Extraction Healing
Authors: Willett Emily S. , Liu Jingpeng , Berke Molly , Giannini Peter J. , Schmid Marian , Jia Zhenshan , Wang Xiaobei , Wang Xiaoyan , Samson Kaeli , Yu Fang , Wang Dong , Nawshad Ali , Reinhardt Richard A. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Loss of alveolar ridge width and height after tooth extraction is well documented, but models to evaluate ridge preservation are neither standardized nor cost‐effective. This rat model characterizes the pattern of bone turnover and inflammation after extraction and bone grafting with or without local simvastatin (SIM).Methods: Fifty retired‐breeder rats underwent extraction of the maxillary right first molar and standard surgical defect creation under inhalation/local anesthesia. The left side of each animal served as unmanipulated control. Untreated groups (n = 8 to 9 per group) were compared (analysis of variance, t test) at days 0, 7, 14, and 28 for alveolar ridge height and width and for markers of inflammation and bone turnover by microcomputed tomography, histology, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Seventeen additional specimens had defects grafted with either bone mineralized matrix (BMM) or a BMM+SIM conjugate.Results: Extraction‐induced bone loss (BL) was noted on buccal, palatal, and interproximal height (P <0.05) and ridge width (P <0.01). Week 1 inflammation positively correlated with ridge height; thereafter, a more intense inflammatory reaction corresponded to reduction in alveolar bone height and density (r = 0.74; P <0.05; Spearman). BMM+SIM preserved the most interproximal bone height (P <0.01), increased ridge width and bone density (P <0.01), enhanced 7‐day prostaglandin E2 (P <0.01), and reduced 28‐day inflammation density (P <0.05).Conclusions: The standard defect used in the current study paralleled human postextraction alveolar BL. Defect grafting, especially BMM+SIM, reduced inflammation and preserved bone.
Perancangan Dan Analisis Antena Mikrostrip Mimo Circular Pada Frekuensi 2.35 GHz Untuk Aplikasi LTE
Authors: Budi Imam M.P , Nugraha Eka Setia , Agung Andika 
Published: April 2017

LTE (long Term Evolution) merupakan teknologi komunikasi wireless generasi keempat yang saat ini sedang mengalami perkembangan. Salah satu perangkat yang sangat dibutuhkan pada teknologi tersebut adalah antenna. Teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik MIMO. Teknik MIMO menggunakan multiantena baik di sisi transmitter maupun di sisi receiver dengan koefisien korelasi di bawah 0.2. Untuk menghasilkan nilai koefisien korelasi di bawah 0.2, antena menggunakan ?/2 untuk jarak antar dua antena. Perancangan dan realisasi antena pada skripsi ini dipergunakan untuk aplikasi LTE yang bekerja pada frekuensi 2.3 GHz sampai 2.4 GHz. Simulasi antena menunjukkan frekuensi kerja yang direncanakan yaitu antara 2.3 GHz – 2.4 GHz, memiliki Return Loss -38.582 dB dan VSWR 1.0238 pada frekuensi tengah 2.350 MHz, gain sebesar 4.332 dBi. Hasil pengukuran antena satu terdapat pergeseran frekuensi dari 2.300 MHz - 2.400 MHz menjadi 2.310 - 2.384 MHz, antena ini memiliki Return Loss -35.476 dB dan VSWR 1.034. Bandwidth 74 Mhz. Untuk antena dua terdapat pergeseran frekuensi menjadi 2.310 - 2.382 MHz, dengan Return Loss -33.637 dB dan VSWR 1.042. Bandwidth 72 MHz. Pada frekuensi 2.35 GHz gain sebesar 8 dBi dengan pola radiasi unidirectional dan polarisasi elips. Dari perancangan dan analisis tersebut, maka antena ini dapat digunakan sebagai antena teknologi LTE
Implementasi Zigbee Transceiver Untuk Akuisisi Data Sensor Inersia Pada Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)
Authors: Sani Muhammad Ikhsan 
Published: April 2017

Laju pertambahan jumlah penduduk yang membutuhkan layanan kesehatan di Indonesia tidak berbanding lurus dengan penambahan jumlah fasilitas kesehatan yang ada. Salah satu solusi alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan mengembangkan teknologi Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) sebagai alat bantu layanan kesehatan. WBAN adalah suatu sistem terpadu yang terdiri atas sekelompok modul sensor yang terdistribusi dan terhubung secara nirkabel pada suatu topologi jaringan tertentu dan berfungsi untuk mengekstrak dan berbagi informasi untuk diolah sesuai bidang aplikasinya. Salah satu aplikasi WBAN adalah untuk analisis gait atau metode untuk mempelajari pola berjalan manusia. Untuk melakukan proses analisis gait secara optimal dibutuhkan instrumen sensor inersia yang terpasang pada tubuh pasien yang merekam data gait dari pasien. Data dari pasien lalu dikirimkan melalui protokol komunikasi nirkabel ZigBee ke network coordinator yang berfungsi sebagai pengumpul data. Jaringan memiliki topologi dalam bentuk star dengan data rate dari sensor sebesar 50 Hz. Data dari network coordinator kemudian dibaca pada PC yang telah dilengkapi perangkat lunak pengolah data untuk diolah lebih lanjut. Sistem diuji pada ruangan koridor sejauh 4 meter dengan nilai RSSI atau kuat sinyal bernilai paling kecil sebesar -64 dBm. Dalam hal konsumsi daya, sensor node dapat digunakan secara berkelanjutan dalam jangka waktu 2 jam 25 menit
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Matakuliah Biologi Sel Pada Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi di Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri
Authors: SAFITRI DINI , ZUBAIDAH SITI , GOFUR ABDUL 
Published: April 2017

<p class="5abstrak">This research and development aims to produce teaching materials such as textbooks which are viable and validated by experts materials, media, and language, as well as validated by the student of biology education. The model used in this research and development is the 4D model proposed by Thiagarajan which consists of phases define, design, develop, and disseminate, but the stage of development carried out to develop stage. The trials were carried out, among others, by three expert lecturers and 31 students of fourth semester of biology education program. Expert lecturers consists matter experts, media specialists, and linguists. The test is done in two stages, the individual tests and test a small group of trial results and revised measures showed that the textbooks have categorized and ready for use in real learning. The result of the test is some recommendations for developing the books, include language, matter, picture, illustration, and layout.</p>
Penerapan Pembelajaran Strategi Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar IPA/Biologi Bagi Siswa Kelas XI Ak 1 SMK Negeri 1 Banyudono Kabupaten Boyolali Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2011/2012
Authors: SULASTRI IKA SRI 
Published: April 2017

In the classroom action research conducted has the goal that the implementation of the strategy learning model Problem Based Learning (PBL) can be used to enhance the activity and student learning outcomes. Implementation of classroom action research design was used classroom action research conducted by two cycles, each cycle consisting of 4 meetings, with research subjects Class XI AK 1 number of 40 students. Implementation of each cycle in the study consisted of four phases, namely: an action plan (Planning), action (acting), Observing and reflecting. Data collection activity of students in the application of strategic learning model Problem Based Learning (PBL), using observation techniques and data used as documentation of the final value. Research data analysis techniques are used as the final value of classical learning completeness of the final value. The calculation result obtained before the first cycle of learning outcomes with the lowest and highest 55, 90, 92.5% completeness study. After the first cycle of learning results obtained with the lowest value of 60 and 90 with the highest passing grade of 95%, after the second cycle study results obtained with the lowest value of 80 and the highest 100 with a 100% mastery learning. While active students in the first cycle of 69.2% and the second cycle by 76, 3%. With Action Research Classroom teachers can develop a variety of learning methods one with "Implementation model of strategic learning Problem Based Learning (PBL) which can be used as an attempt to enhance the activity and the learning outcomes of students of class XI AK 1, in SMK Negeri 1 Banyudono, Boyolali, even semester Academic Year 2011/2012".
Perilaku Dan Musuh Alami Kupu Endemik Sulawesi Papilio blumei: Acuan dalam Konservasi
Authors: ALIAS SULFIANTO , SOESILOHADI RC HIDAYAT 
Published: April 2017

<p class="5abstrak"><em>Papilio</em><em> blumei</em> is an endemic butterfly of Sulawesi and especially in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. This research was to observed of the behaviour and natural enemies of <em>P. blumei</em> in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The behaviour of the insect were mating, foraging, competiting, ovipositing and mud-puddling. Life table was used for analysis of mortality factors, therefore the number of mortality was analyzed by key-factors formulation. The result indicated that mating strategies is patrolling. Foraging activity of the sixth instar was the highest compared to the other instars and the lowest one activity of the prapupa stadium of <em>P. blumei</em>. Nectar host plants for the imago of butterfly were <em>Sarcosephalum latifolius</em> and <em>Eugenia sp</em>. There was <em>Scudderia sp</em>. as an interspesific competitor for larval <em>P. blumei</em>. The intraspesific competitor of the imago stage was male of <em>P. blumei</em>. Female <em>P. blumei</em> laid eggs on abaxial leaf <em>E.hupehensis</em> and the eggs hatched after six days. The larva of <em>P. blumei</em> has a overheating behaviour and the adults has a mud puddling. The natural enemies of <em>P.blumei </em>is <em>Trichogramma</em> sp., with k value = 0.381, <em>Pteromalus </em>sp., with k value = 0.125 and <em>Formica </em>sp., with k value = 0.096.</p>
Daya Antimikrobia Sarang Lebah Madu Trigona spp terhadap Mikrobia Patogen
Authors: YULIANA RENITA , SUTARININGSIH ENDANG , SANTOSO HARRY BUDI , RIENDRASARI SEPTIANTINA DYAH 
Published: April 2017

<p class="5abstrak">Potensi sarang lebah madu <em>Trigona </em>spp<em> </em>untuk menghasilkan antimikrobia sangat tinggi, tidak hanya pada bagian propolis, melainkan keseluruhan bagian dari sarang yang terdiri dari kantong madu, kantong polen, kantong telur, dan penutup sarang. Sarang lebah madu <em>Trigona </em>spp berfungsi sebagai tempat perlindungan lebah dari predator maupun parasit seperti fungi, jamur dan virus. Sarang lebah madu <em>Trigona </em>spp<em> </em>dapat dijadikan alternatif sumber antimikrobia alami<em> </em>sehingga diperlukan penelitian untuk mendeteksi aktivitas tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini meneliti daya antimikrobia yang dilepaskan sarang lebah madu <em>Trigona </em>spp terhadap pertumbuhan mikrobia dan meneliti komponen kimia utama yang terkandung dalam sarang lebah madu <em>Trigona </em>spp. Metode untuk ekstraksi sarang menggunakan ethanol 70% secara maserasi dan uji antimikrobia yang terdiri dari antibakteri dan antifungi dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumur. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam bentuk rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Data yang diperoleh dari hasil pengamatan di laboratorium dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik parametrik yaitu <em>One way ANOVA.</em> Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas antimikrobia sarang lebah madu <em>Trigona </em>spp berpengaruh menghambat pertumbuhan mikrobia patogen uji dengan konsentrasi hambat minimal 1% (v/v). Senyawa kimia utama sebagai antimikrobia berasal dari asam lemak dan fenol.</p>