bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional skeletal mandibular changes associated with Herbst appliance treatment
Authors: Souki B. Q. , Vilefort P. L. C. , Oliveira D. D. , Andrade I. , Ruellas A. C. , Yatabe M. S. , Nguyen T. , Franchi L. , McNamara J. A. , Cevidanes L. H. S. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesThree‐dimensional evaluation of skeletal mandibular changes following Herbst appliance treatment.Setting and Sample PopulationRetrospective case–control study, based on a sample size calculation. Twenty‐five pubertal patients treated with Herbst appliance (HAG), and 25 matched Class II patients who received other non‐orthopaedic dental treatments (CG).Material and MethodsThree‐dimensional models were generated from pre‐treatment (T0) and post‐treatment (T1) cone beam computed tomograms. Volumetric registration on the cranial base was used to assess mandibular displacement; volumetric regional registration was performed to evaluate mandibular growth. Quantitative measurements of X, Y, Z and 3D Euclidian changes, and also qualitative visualization by colour‐mapping and semi‐transparent overlays were obtained.ResultsDownward displacement of the mandible was observed in both HAG and CG (2.4 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively). Significant forward displacement of the mandible was observed in the HAG (1.7 mm). HAG showed greater 3D superior and posterior condylar growth than the CG (3.5 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively). Greater posterior growth of the ramus was noted in the HAG than in CG.ConclusionsImmediately after Herbst therapy, a significant mandibular forward displacement was achieved, due to increased bone remodelling of the condyles and rami compared to a comparison group. Three‐dimensional changes in the direction and magnitude of condylar growth were observed in Herbst patients.
Ophthalmology patients' interest in online access to clinic notes at three US clinics
Authors: Lee Bryan S. , Oster Natalia V. , Chen Galen Y. , Ding Leona L. , Walker Janice D. , Elmore Joann G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to understand patients' perceptions about potential benefits and harms of accessing their own ophthalmology clinic notes via an electronic patient portal as part of the OpenNotes initiative.MethodsThe authors conducted a cross‐sectional, in‐person survey of ophthalmology patients at three US eye clinics. The paper survey was self‐administered or administered with assistance from study staff before or after patients' clinical visits. The authors used descriptive statistics to summarise patient characteristics and patient attitudes about accessing their ophthalmology notes online. Chi‐square and t‐tests were performed to assess differences in patient responses between clinic locations.ResultsFour hundred and fifty‐one patients responded (response rate 65%). Most patients thought that accessing doctors' notes online was a good idea (95%), wanted to view their clinic notes online (94%), and agreed online access would increase their understanding of their eye problems (95%) and help them better remember their care plan (94%); 14% said online access would increase their worry; 43% had privacy concerns; and 96% indicated they would show or discuss their notes with at least one other person. Non‐white patients were more likely than white patients to perceive online clinic notes as a useful tool, but they were also more likely to worry and to express greater privacy concerns.ConclusionsPatients at three US eye clinics were strongly in favour of online access to ophthalmology notes and were optimistic this access would improve their understanding and self‐care. Ophthalmologists should consider offering online access to their notes to enhance doctor‐patient communication and improve clinical outcomes.
Genetic control of plasticity of oil yield for combined abiotic stresses using a joint approach of crop modelling and genome‐wide association
Authors: Mangin Brigitte , Casadebaig Pierre , Cadic Eléna , Blanchet Nicolas , Boniface Marie‐Claude , Carrère Sébastien , Gouzy Jérôme , Legrand Ludovic , Mayjonade Baptiste , Pouilly Nicolas , André Thierry , Coque Marie , Piquemal Joël , Laporte Marion , Vincourt Patrick , Muños Stéphane , Langlade Nicolas B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity is crucial for predicting and managing climate change effects on wild plants and crops. Here, we combined crop modelling and quantitative genetics to study the genetic control of oil yield plasticity for multiple abiotic stresses in sunflower.First, we developed stress indicators to characterize 14 environments for three abiotic stresses (cold, drought and nitrogen) using the SUNFLO crop model and phenotypic variations of three commercial varieties. The computed plant stress indicators better explain yield variation than descriptors at the climatic or crop levels. In those environments, we observed oil yield of 317 sunflower hybrids and regressed it with three selected stress indicators. The slopes of cold stress norm reaction were used as plasticity phenotypes in the following genome‐wide association study.Among the 65 534 tested Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), we identified nine quantitative trait loci controlling oil yield plasticity to cold stress. Associated single nucleotide polymorphisms are localized in genes previously shown to be involved in cold stress responses: oligopeptide transporters, lipid transfer protein, cystatin, alternative oxidase or root development. This novel approach opens new perspectives to identify genomic regions involved in genotype‐by‐environment interaction of a complex traits to multiple stresses in realistic natural or agronomical conditions.
ICU mortality is increased with high admission serum osmolarity in all patients other than those admitted with pulmonary diseases and hypoxia
Authors: Bihari Shailesh , Prakash Shivesh , Peake Sandra L. , Bailey Michael , Pilcher David , Bersten Andrew 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveHigh serum osmolarity has been shown to be lung protective. There is lack of clinical studies evaluating the impact on outcomes such as mortality. We aimed to examine the effect of serum osmolarity on intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in critically ill patientsMethodsData from January 2000 to December 2012 was accessed using the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Clinical Outcomes and Resource Evaluation (CORE) database. A total of 509 180 patients were included. Serum osmolarity was calculated from data during the first 24 h of ICU admission. Predefined subgroups (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III diagnostic codes), including patients with acute pulmonary diagnoses, were examined. The effect of serum osmolarity on ICU mortality was assessed with analysis adjusted for illness severity (serum sodium, glucose and urea component removed) and year of admission. Results are presented as OR (95% CI) referenced against a serum osmolarity of 290–295 mmol/L.ResultsThe ICU mortality was elevated at each extremes of serum osmolarity (U‐shaped relationship). A similar relationship was found in various subgroups, with the exception of patients with pulmonary diagnoses in whom ICU mortality was not influenced by high serum osmolarity and was different from other non‐pulmonary subgroups (P < 0.01). Any adverse associations with high serum osmolarity in pulmonary patients were confined to patients with a PaO2
/FiO2
ratio > 200.ConclusionHigh admission serum osmolarity was not associated with increased odds for ICU death in pulmonary patients, unlike other subgroup of patients, and could be a potential area for future interventional therapy.
Effects of riboflavin and ultraviolet light treatment on platelet thrombus formation and thrombus stability on collagen
Authors: Terada Chikahiro , Shiba Masayuki , Nagai Tadashi , Satake Masahiro 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDPathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) are considered for the implementation of safer platelet (PLT) transfusion. PRT treatment involves the addition of a photosensitizer to a blood component followed by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. However, the effects of PRT treatment on PLT thrombus formation and thrombus stability have not been satisfactorily clarified.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSLeukoreduced PLT concentrates (PCs) were treated with riboflavin and UV light (Mirasol PRT). PLT thrombus formation on collagen was evaluated by the microchannel method, by which the total amount of PLTs deposited was measured as indices of thrombus formation and thrombus stability. Using a cone‐plate shear‐induced PLT aggregometer, PLT reactivity in blood flow was examined in a wide range of shear stresses of 6 to 108 dyn/cm2.RESULTSThere was no significant difference in surface coverage between PRT‐treated PLTs and control PLTs on collagen. On the other hand, the total amount of PRT‐treated PLTs deposited was higher than that of control PLTs. The promotive effect of PRT treatment on PLT deposition completely disappeared in the presence of tirofiban, a potent integrin αIIbβ3 inhibitor. The percentage of the dissociation of PRT‐treated PLTs on collagen was lower than that of control PLTs after flushing with phosphate‐buffered saline. PRT treatment significantly inhibited PLT aggregation under high‐shear‐stress conditions.CONCLUSIONRiboflavin‐based PRT treatment of PCs leads to the enhancement of PLT thrombus formation and thrombus stability on collagen. However, it does not enhance the reactivity of PLTs not in contact with collagen under high‐shear‐stress conditions.
A contribution to a multidimensional analysis of trade competition
Authors: Moreira Sandrina , Simoes Nadia , Crespo Nuno 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInternational trade grew substantially throughout the last decades and international relations became more important for the economic performance of the countries. Simultaneously, new poles emerged in the international arena leading to growing competition for higher market shares. Therefore, trade competition is a critical dimension of analysis for applied international trade studies. We propose a conceptual framework for measuring this phenomenon by combining some critical previous contributions to build a multidimensional and more comprehensive concept, which defines trade competition as a function of the degree of both structural similarity and total exports overlap. Moreover, structural similarity should take into account three elements: sectoral shares similarity, inter‐sectoral similarity (evaluating how different the distinct sectors are) and intra‐sectoral similarity (proximity in terms of quality ranges exported). Several measures are proposed to empirically capture the concept suggested. Finally, we present an example including the exports of six European economies (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Greece, Hungary and Sweden) to 124 destination markets (in 2007, 2011, 2015) in order to illustrate the application of the concept and measures suggested.
Retrospective evaluation of coyote attacks in dogs: 154 cases (1997–2012)
Authors: Frauenthal Virginia M. , Bergman Philip , Murtaugh Robert J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation and outcome of known attacks in client‐owned dogs caused by the common coyote, Canis latrans.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingPrivate referral hospital.AnimalsOne hundred fifty‐four client‐owned dogs known to be attacked by coyotes.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsRecords from a private referral hospital from May 1997 through December 2012 were reviewed. Time of day and month/season of year, signalment, body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, body weight, location and severity of wounds inflicted, common injuries, length of hospitalization, necessity of surgical wound repair under anesthesia, antimicrobial use and mortality were recorded. Eighty‐six percent of dogs presenting following coyote attack weighed <10 kg. Overall mortality rate was 15.6%. Dogs with bite wounds to the thorax had the highest mortality at 21.3%. Criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) based on admission vital signs were met in 58.8% of dogs and the presence of SIRS was significantly associated with mortality (P < 0.001). Common coyote‐induced injuries included rib fracture (38/154; 24.6%), pulmonary contusion (30/154; 19.4%), tracheal tear (18/154; 11.6%), pneumothorax (16/154; 10.3%), abdominal wall hernia (9/154; 5.8%), and abdominal penetrating wounds (8/146; 5.5%). Dogs <10 kg were significantly more likely to incur wounds to multiple body parts or sustain abdominal penetrating wounds. The presence of rib fracture was significantly associated with mortality. Frequency of coyote attacks over the time of this study increased by 330%.ConclusionsCoyote attacks on dogs are a problem in Southern California and are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, especially in dogs with wounds to the thorax. Aggressive management involving surgical wound repair was associated with survival to discharge.
A Novel Nonantibiotic Nitroglycerin-Based Catheter Lock Solution for Prevention of Intraluminal Central Venous Catheter Infections in Cancer Patients
Authors: Chaftari Anne-Marie , Hachem Ray , Szvalb Ariel , Taremi Mahnaz , Granwehr Bruno , Viola George Michael , Sapna Amin , Assaf Andrew , Numan Yazan , Shah Pankil , Gasitashvili Ketevan , Natividad Elizabeth , Jiang Ying , Slack Rebecca , Reitzel Ruth , Rosenblatt Joel , Mouhayar Elie , Raad Issam 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
For long-term central lines (CL), the lumen is the major source of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). The current standard of care for maintaining catheter patency includes flushing the CL with saline or heparin. Neither agent has any antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, heparin may enhance staphylococcal biofilm formation. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel nonantibiotic catheter lock solution for the prevention of CLABSI. Between November 2015 and February 2016, we enrolled 60 patients with hematologic malignancies who had peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) to receive the study lock solution. The study lock consisted of 15 or 30 μg/ml of nitroglycerin in combination with 4% sodium citrate and 22% ethanol. Each lumen was locked for at least 2 h once daily prior to being flushed. After enrollment of 10 patients at the lower nitroglycerin dose without evidence of toxicity, the dose was escalated to the higher dose (30 μg/ml). There were no serious related adverse events or episodes of hypotension with lock administration. Two patients experienced mild transient adverse events (one headache and one rash) possibly related to the lock and that resolved without residual effect. The CLABSI rate was 0 on lock days versus 1.6/1,000 catheter days (CD) off lock prophylaxis, compared with a rate of 1.9/1,000 CD at the institution in the same patient population. In conclusion, the nitroglycerin-based lock prophylaxis is safe and well tolerated. It may prevent CLABSI when given daily to cancer patients. Large, prospective, randomized clinical trials are needed to validate these findings. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02577718.)
Simulating Intestinal Transporter and Enzyme Activity in a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
Authors: Moss Darren M. , Domanico Paul , Watkins Melynda , Park Seonghee , Randolph Ryan , Wring Steve , Rajoli Rajith Kumar Reddy , Hobson James , Rannard Steve , Siccardi Marco , Owen Andrew 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), a prodrug of tenofovir, has oral bioavailability (25%) limited by intestinal transport (P-glycoprotein), and intestinal degradation (carboxylesterase). However, the influence of luminal pancreatic enzymes is not fully understood. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has utility for estimating drug exposure from
in vitro
data. This study aimed to develop a PBPK model that included luminal enzyme activity to inform dose reduction strategies. TDF and tenofovir stability in porcine pancrelipase concentrations was assessed (0, 0.48, 4.8, 48, and 480 U/ml of lipase; 1 mM TDF; 37°C; 0 to 30 min). Samples were analyzed using mass spectrometry. TDF stability and permeation data allowed calculation of absorption rates within a human PBPK model to predict plasma exposure following 6 days of once-daily dosing with 300 mg of TDF. Regional absorption of drug was simulated across gut segments. TDF was degraded by pancrelipase (half-lives of 0.07 and 0.62 h using 480 and 48 U/ml, respectively). Previously reported maximum concentration (
C
max
; 335 ng/ml), time to
C
max
(
T
max
; 2.4 h), area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC
0–24
; 3,045 ng · h/ml), and concentration at 24 h (
C
24
; 48.3 ng/ml) were all within a 0.5-fold difference from the simulated
C
max
(238 ng/ml),
T
max
(3 h), AUC
0–24
(3,036 ng · h/ml), and
C
24
(42.7 ng/ml). Simulated TDF absorption was higher in duodenum and jejunum than in ileum (p<0.05). These data support that TDF absorption is limited by the action of intestinal lipases. Our results suggest that bioavailability may be improved by protection of drug from intestinal transporters and enzymes, for example, by coadministration of enzyme-inhibiting agents or nanoformulation strategies.
In Vitro
Study of IS
Apl1
-Mediated Mobilization of the Colistin Resistance Gene
mcr-1
Authors: Poirel Laurent , Kieffer Nicolas , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

The plasmid-mediated
mcr-1
gene encodes a phosphoethanolamine transferase that confers resistance to polymyxins. The
mcr-1
gene is associated with insertion sequence IS
Apl1
(IS
30
family).
In vitro
mobilization assays demonstrated the functionality of the composite transposon structure IS
Apl1-mcr-1
-IS
Apl1
. Transposition generated a 2-bp duplication and occurred in AT-rich DNA regions. This is the first report demonstrating the mobility of the
mcr-1
gene by transposition.
Deciphering Heteroresistance to Colistin in a Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate from Marseille, France
Authors: Bardet Lucie , Baron Sophie , Leangapichart Thongpan , Okdah Liliane , Diene Seydina M. , Rolain Jean-Marc 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the description of a colistin-heteroresistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolate fortuitously isolated from the stool sample of a patient with suspicion of tuberculosis in a public hospital of Marseille, France. In the colistin-resistant subpopulation, a mutation in the
mgrB
gene leading to a premature stop codon was found, and the hypermucoviscous phenotype was lost. Susceptibility to other antibiotics remained unchanged. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of such a colistin-heteroresistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolate in France.
Pharmacokinetics and Dialytic Clearance of Ceftazidime-Avibactam in a Critically Ill Patient on Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration
Authors: Wenzler Eric , Bunnell Kristen L. , Bleasdale Susan C. , Benken Scott , Danziger Larry H. , Rodvold Keith A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Ceftazidime-avibactam administered at 1.25 g every 8 h was used to treat multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
bacteremia in a critically ill patient on continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). Prefiltration plasma drug concentrations of ceftazidime and avibactam were measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h along with postfiltration and ultrafiltrate concentrations at h 2 and h 6. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftazidime and avibactam, respectively, were as follows: maximum plasma concentration (
C
max
), 61.10 and 14.54 mg/liter; minimum plasma concentration (
C
min
), 31.96 and 8.45 mg/liter; half-life (
t
1/2
), 6.07 and 6.78 h; apparent volume of distribution at the steady state (
V
ss
), 27.23 and 30.81 liters; total clearance at the steady state (CL
ss
), 2.87 and 2.95 liters/h; area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 8 h (AUC
0–8
), 347.87 and 85.69 mg · h/liter. Concentrations of ceftazidime in plasma exceeded the ceftazidime-avibactam MIC (6 mg/liter) throughout the 8-h dosing interval. Mean CVVH extraction ratios for ceftazidime and avibactam were 14.44% and 11.53%, respectively, and mean sieving coefficients were 0.96 and 0.93, respectively. The calculated mean clearance of ceftazidime by CVVH was 1.64 liters/h and for avibactam was 1.59 liters/h, representing 57.1% of the total clearance of ceftazidime and 54.3% of the total clearance of avibactam. Further data that include multiple patients and dialysis modes are needed to verify the optimal ceftazidime-avibactam dosing strategy during critical illness and CVVH.
PhoU Allows Rapid Adaptation to High Phosphate Concentrations by Modulating PstSCAB Transport Rate in Sinorhizobium meliloti
Authors: diCenzo George C. , Sharthiya Harsh , Nanda Anish , Zamani Maryam , Finan Turlough M. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Maintenance of cellular phosphate homeostasis is essential for cellular life. The PhoU protein has emerged as a key regulator of this process in bacteria, and it is suggested to modulate phosphate import by PstSCAB and control activation of the phosphate limitation response by the PhoR-PhoB two-component system. However, a proper understanding of PhoU has remained elusive due to numerous complications of mutating
phoU
, including loss of viability and the genetic instability of the mutants. Here, we developed two sets of strains of
Sinorhizobium meliloti
that overcame these limitations and allowed a more detailed and comprehensive analysis of the biological and molecular activities of PhoU. The data showed that
phoU
cannot be deleted in the presence of phosphate unless PstSCAB is inactivated also. However,
phoU
deletions were readily recovered in phosphate-free media, and characterization of these mutants revealed that addition of phosphate to the environment resulted in toxic levels of PstSCAB-mediated phosphate accumulation. Phosphate uptake experiments indicated that PhoU significantly decreased the PstSCAB transport rate specifically in phosphate-replete cells but not in phosphate-starved cells and that PhoU could rapidly respond to elevated environmental phosphate concentrations and decrease the PstSCAB transport rate. Site-directed mutagenesis results suggested that the ability of PhoU to respond to phosphate levels was independent of the conformation of the PstSCAB transporter. Additionally, PhoU-PhoU and PhoU-PhoR interactions were detected using a bacterial two-hybrid screen. We propose that PhoU modulates PstSCAB and PhoR-PhoB in response to local, internal fluctuations in phosphate concentrations resulting from PstSCAB-mediated phosphate import.

IMPORTANCE
Correct maintenance of cellular phosphate homeostasis is critical in all kingdoms of life and in bacteria involves the PhoU protein. This work provides novel insights into the role of the
Sinorhizobium meliloti
PhoU protein, which plays a key role in rapid adaptation to elevated phosphate concentrations. It is shown that PhoU rapidly responds to elevated phosphate levels by significantly decreasing the phosphate transport of PstSCAB, thereby preventing phosphate toxicity and cell death. Additionally, a new model for phosphate sensing in bacterial species which involves the PhoR-PhoB two-component system is presented. This work provides new insights into the bacterial response to changing environmental conditions and into regulation of the phosphate limitation response that influences numerous bacterial processes, including antibiotic production and virulence.