bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Describing the quality of life of boys with haemophilia in China: Results of a multicentre study using the CHO‐KLAT
Authors: Tang L. , Xu W. , Li C. G. , Hou F. , Feng X. Q. , Wang H. , Li X. J. , Li W. L. , Liu J. P. , Sun L. R. , Wang S. H. , Jin J. , Fang Q. , Luke K. H. , Poon M. C. , Blanchette V. S. , Usuba K. , Young N. L. , Wu R. 
Published: September 2017

IntroductionThe treatment of haemophilia varies across countries and across regions within some countries. Similar variation has been observed in health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL). Relatively little is known about the HR‐QoL of boys with haemophilia in China.AimThe aim of this study was to describe the HR‐QoL of boys with haemophilia in China using the Canadian Haemophilia Outcomes‐Kids Life Assessment Tool (CHO‐KLAT).MethodsBoys (4‐18 years of age) with haemophilia and their parents were enroled in a cross‐sectional study. All parents/guardians of study subjects were requested to complete a CHO‐KLAT questionnaire during a clinic visit, and report on several other clinical and socioeconomic factors in the past year. Boys who were > 7 years also completed the CHO‐KLAT.ResultsA total of 269 parents of boys with haemophilia, from 13 hospitals in 12 provinces, were enroled during 2014. The boys ranged from 4.0 to 17.9 years of age; 91% had haemophilia A, most had moderate (52%) or severe (36%) disease, and most were receiving sub‐optimal on‐demand therapy or low‐dose prophylactic therapy. Child self‐report CHO‐KLAT scores were available for 171 boys ≥7 years of age and ranged from 24.2 to 85.3 with a mean of 57.6 (n = 171). Parent proxy‐reported CHO‐KLAT scores ranged from 25.0 to 88.7 with a mean of 55.1 (n = 269).ConclusionHR‐QoL scores in boys with haemophilia in China were substantially lower than reported from Canadian and European boys with haemophilia. Longer term prospective studies are required to examine the factors impacting the HR‐QoL for boys with haemophilia in China.
Disruption of human stratum corneum lipid structure by sodium dodecyl sulphate
Authors: Yanase K. , Hatta I. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveSurfactants are major ingredients of body soaps and cleansers, and such harsh ones have been demonstrated to damage the skin. Stratum corneum (SC), the outermost barrier of the skin layer, is rich in intercellular lipids. This lipid structure can be disrupted by surfactants, impairing the barrier function of the skin. Thus, we investigated the surfactant‐induced disruption of the intercellular lipid structure of human SC at the molecular level using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction.MethodsSC samples from the breast of female Caucasians were treated with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and analysed by small‐angle and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction.ResultsWe found that an aqueous SDS solution affected the long lamellar structure, which became disorganized. The final disordered lipid state was reached through two or more types of structural change. We propose that the disordered lipid state results from incorporation of SDS into the long lamellar structure. In contrast, the lattice constants in the short lamellar and the hydrocarbon‐chain packing structures remained almost unchanged after SDS treatment.ConclusionWe conclude that the disruption of the long lamellar structure plays a key role in the damage to the SC caused by detergents. To our knowledge, this is the first report to clarify the details of the disorganization of the intercellular lipid structure upon surfactant application. The knowledge obtained herein may allow the development of skin restoration methods and cleanser products that do not affect skin barrier functions.
Recommendations for obesity prevention among adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds: a concept mapping study among scientific and professional experts
Authors: Kornet‐van der Aa D. A. , van Randeraad‐van der Zee C. H. , Mayer J. , Borys J. M. , Chinapaw M. J. M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe present study aimed to enrich the scientific evidence on obesity prevention programmes for adolescents from socio‐economically disadvantaged backgrounds with practice‐based experiences from both scientific and professional experts in the field of youth obesity prevention. We used the participatory method of concept mapping. Two concept mapping sessions were conducted: one with programme coordinators of national/regional obesity prevention programmes across Europe (n = 8) and one with scientists participating in European obesity prevention projects (n = 5). Five recommendations were extracted from both concept maps: (1) involve adolescents in the design and delivery of the programme, (2) invest in family/parental capacity building, (3) provide and support a healthy school food and physical activity environment, (4) regulate exposure to unhealthy messages/advertising and (5) facilitate safe and active travel. These recommendations can be used as a conceptual framework for programme development for preventing obesity in adolescents.
THE PATHOLOGY OF ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS—A STUDY OF ITS EVOLUTION
Authors: MCLEAN K. H. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe histology of the repair phase of bronchiolitis is presented.Evidence of old inflammatory damage to bronchioles was found in all lungs examined, except those of new‐born infants. These changes were minimal in macroscopically normal lungs, and in these were more obvious in older patients than in the young. In the lungs in which macroscopic structural changes such as bronchiectasis, emphysema and scarring were present, bronchiolar damage was much more extensive. In all examples maximal changes were found in the region of the terminal bronchiole.The evolution of these lesions was studied by observations on early changes, and the origin of some of the types of damage is suggested.Complete obliteration of bronchioles was common, but not easily discernible. The factors influencing the ease with which the changes can be recognized are discussed, and it is concluded that such changes are much more common than has previously been indicated.
THE PATHOGENESIS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: MCGOVERN V. J. , ARCHER G. T. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis has been interpreted in terms of histamine‐release phenomena. The dominant alterations of the colon are congestion and œdema. These, together with muscular excitation, can be explained in terms of the known effects of histamine‐release agents in experimental animals. Superficial ulceration is thought to be due to simple excoriation of œdematous and congested mucosa. Deep ulceration probably arises from strains due to stretching of the mucosa where it is more firmly attached over the muscular tæniæ and in the crypts between the rugæ.In support of this interpretation is the relative absence of inflammatory cells in the submucosa until ulceration occurs. The nature of the syndrome is thought to be within the realm of the psychosomatic disorders. Augmented barrages of nervous impulses during stress may give rise to excessive production of acetylcholine in the colon, which then reacts with the tissue mast cells causing the phenomenon of “histamine‐release”. Return to normal does not take place when the stress passes if the congestion and œdema have been present for long enough to permit some fibrosis to occur in the submucosa.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF RADIOACTIVE VITAMIN B12
Authors: PITNEY W. R. , STOKES J. B. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe intestinal absorption of orally administered radioactive vitamin B12 has been studied by a modified urinary excretion test. Subjects were given a standard oral dose of 0.6 microgramme of 60Co vitamin B12. The mean 48‐hour urinary radioactivity in 22 control individuals was 23.9% of the oral dose. In five patients with megaloblastic anæmia due to folic acid deficiency, a similar mean excretion of 22 4% was found. In 15 patients with pernicious anæmia in relapse, impaired absorption of radioactive vitamin B12 was demonstrated. The mean urinary radioactivity was 2.4%. This was increased to 19.6% when the oral dose was given with an intrinsic factor preparation.Twenty‐five patients on maintenance therapy because of a previous diagnosis of pernicious anæmia were studied. The diagnosis was disproved in to patients, who were shown to be able to absorb orally administered radioactive vitamin B12 normally.
Genome‐wide host RNA signatures of infectious diseases: discovery and clinical translation
Authors: Gliddon Harriet D. , Herberg Jethro A. , Levin Michael , Kaforou Myrsini 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe use of whole blood gene expression to derive diagnostic biomarkers capable of distinguishing between phenotypically similar diseases holds great promise but remains a challenge. Differential gene expression analysis is used to identify the key genes that undergo changes in expression relative to healthy individuals, as well as to patients with other diseases. These key genes can act as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive markers of disease. Gene expression ‘signatures’ in the blood hold the potential to be used for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, where current diagnostics are unreliable, ineffective or of limited potential. For diagnostic tests based on RNA signatures to be useful clinically, the first step is to identify the minimum set of gene transcripts that accurately identify the disease in question. The second requirement is rapid and cost‐effective detection of the gene expression levels. Signatures have been described for a number of infectious diseases, but ‘clinic‐ready’ technologies for RNA detection from clinical samples are limited, though existing methods such as RT‐PCR are likely to be superseded by a number of emerging technologies, which may form the basis of the translation of gene expression signatures into routine diagnostic tests for a range of disease states.
Bone marrow type 2 innate lymphoid cells: a local source of interleukin‐5 in interleukin‐33‐driven eosinophilia
Authors: Johansson Kristina , Malmhäll Carina , Ramos‐Ramírez Patricia , Rådinger Madeleine 
Published: September 2017

SummaryT helper type 2 (Th2) cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and eosinophil progenitors have previously been described to produce interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) in the airways upon allergen provocation or by direct administration of IL‐33. Eosinophilic airway inflammation is known to be associated with IL‐5‐dependent eosinophil development in the bone marrow, however, the source of IL‐5 remains unclear. T helper cells, ILC2s and CD34+ progenitors have been proposed to be involved in this process, therefore, we investigated whether these cells are taking part in eosinophilopoiesis by producing IL‐5 locally in the bone marrow in IL‐33‐driven inflammation. Airway exposure with IL‐33 led to eosinophil infiltration in airways and elevated eotaxin‐2/CCL24. Importantly, IL‐5 production as well as expression of the IL‐33 receptor increased in ILC2s in the bone marrow under this treatment. A small but significant induction of IL‐5 was also found in CD34+ progenitors but not in T helper cells. Similar results were obtained by in vitro stimulation with IL‐33 where ILC2s rapidly produced large amounts of IL‐5, which coincided with the induction of eosinophil hematopoiesis. IL‐33‐mediated eosinophil production was indeed dependent on IL‐5 as both airway and bone marrow eosinophils decreased in mice treated with anti‐IL‐5 in combination with IL‐33. Interestingly, the responsiveness of ILC2s to IL‐33 as well as IL‐33‐induced eotaxin‐2/CCL24 were independent of the levels of IL‐5. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that IL‐33 acts directly on bone marrow ILC2s, making them an early source of IL‐5 and part of a process that is central in IL‐33‐driven eosinophilia.
Coordination in competitive dual sales channels of the mobile phone industry
Authors: Wang Ningning , Fan Zhi‐Ping , Zhao Xuan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the supply chain coordination and contracting issue for competitive dual sales channels of the mobile phone industry in which a telecom service operator (operator) cooperates and competes with a handset manufacturer (manufacturer) to deliver the complementary telecom service and handset to end consumers. After deriving the equilibrium strategy based on the game theoretical paradigm, we present the sensitivity and comparative analysis as well as the coordination analysis. Among others, our result shows that the widely used subsidy‐only contract fails to coordinate this dual sales system. To solve the coordination failure, we propose a two‐way revenue sharing contract that can be well utilized to realize the first best outcome, and even guarantee the win–win situation, in particular under the situation when the telecom service price is sufficiently high.
The fast‐slow life‐history continuum in insular lizards: a comparison between species with invariant and variable clutch sizes
Authors: Schwarz Rachel , Meiri Shai 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimBoth theory and empirical data suggest that life histories of insular species slow down (the “island syndrome”). Insular individuals are hypothesized to lay smaller clutches of larger eggs compared with individuals belonging to closely related mainland species. Most lizards have variable clutch sizes and can lay any number between one egg and a species‐specific maximum which can be well over 50 eggs. Many lizards, such as geckos and anoles, however, lay invariant small clutches of one or two eggs, and may thus be unable to manifest some aspects of the island syndrome. We tested whether insular species with either variable or invariant clutch sizes respond to insularity differently.LocationWorldwide.MethodsWe assembled data on egg, clutch, hatchling and female sizes and brood frequencies of 2,511 lizard species. We tested whether the predictions of the island syndrome were met for lizards laying invariant versus variable clutches, controlling for female size and phylogenetic non‐independence. We further examined whether geckos and anoles, the major clades with invariant clutches, differ from other lizards in the way they respond to insularity.ResultsOn islands, species with variable clutch sizes lay smaller clutches of larger eggs, from which larger hatchlings emerge, compared with mainland species. Lizards with invariant clutch sizes, however, decrease clutch size and increase clutch frequency but not hatchling or egg size, compared with mainland species.Main conclusionsLizards with invariant clutch sizes may be unable to increase egg and hatchling sizes because of limitations set by the female body cavity and pelvic opening, or by arboreality. They nonetheless lay smaller clutches on islands and increase clutch frequency. We suggest that this may result from lower seasonality of tropical islands, leading to a greater spread of reproductive effort. Alternatively, the higher clutch frequency on tropical islands could result from fluctuations in population densities caused by tropical storms.
Unravelling the climatic niche overlap of global sea turtle nesting sites: Impact of geographical variation and phylogeny
Authors: Almpanidou Vasiliki , Schofield Gail , Mazaris Antonios D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimIdentifying processes that determine climatic niche dynamics is difficult, especially for wide‐ranging species where niche conservatism might differ at different life stages. Evolutionary history shapes climatic niche, with populations of the same or phylogenetically close species occupying similar conditions. However, the geographical separation of populations also leads to niche evolution as an adaptive response to local conditions. Here, we use five sea turtle species (loggerhead, green, leatherback, hawksbill, olive ridley) to test whether short‐ (environmental adaptation) or long‐term (phylogenetic separation) evolutionary events determined the level of niche conservatism among distinct groups of nesting populations (termed Regional Management Units; RMUs) distributed across different ocean basins.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe estimated the climatic niche of 4,829 georeferenced nesting locations using air and sea surface parameters. We quantified niche overlap among RMUs of the same species at a global scale and examined how the geographical ranges of each RMU are correlated with niche similarity. We also investigated the extent of niche conservatism among RMUs of different species in the same ocean basin.ResultsWe found limited within‐species niche similarity of RMUs at a global scale, with geographical range having negligible impact (latitudinal overlap, range size asymmetries). We detected generally higher niche overlap between RMUs of different species located within the same ocean basin, where the geographical range had a stronger effect on niche similarity.Main conclusionsWe show that adaptation to local conditions potentially prevails over distant evolutionary events when considering the climatic niche of RMUs of the same species across different oceans. Because sea turtles, like other long‐distance migratory animals, occupy distinct climatic niches, our findings support the importance of understanding this phenomenon for different life stages, populations and species to preserve unique adaptations to different environments that might enhance future viability under climate change, as well as help identify key conservation areas.
The role of leptin as a biomarker in the relationship between periodontitis and chronic migraine
Authors: Leira Yago , Ameijeira Pablo , Domínguez Clara , Leira Rogelio , Blanco Juan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the prevalence of periodontitis (CP) and its contribution to serum leptin levels in chronic migraine (CM).Material and methodsIn this case–control study, we included 150 subjects divided into healthy controls (n = 58) and CM patients (n = 92). Demographic, neurological, clinical data as well as full‐mouth periodontal records were obtained. Serum leptin levels were measured by ELISA technique.ResultsBoth the prevalence of CP and mean serum leptin levels were significantly higher in patients with CM in comparison with controls (57.6% versus 36.2%, p = .01 and 16.4 versus 7.2 ng/ml, p < .0001, respectively). Patients from the CM group who had CP showed significantly higher leptin concentrations than CM patients without CP (19.8 versus 11.8 ng/ml, p < .0001). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that CP was an independent contributor to raised leptin levels in CM patients (R2 = 0.270, p = 0.013).ConclusionsCP is prevalent in CM patients and when present it contributes to elevated serum leptin levels, independently of other confounding factors. Therefore, it seems that CP via leptin could be involved in the process of migraine chronification.
Bumping heart and sweaty palms: physiological hyperarousal as a risk factor for child social anxiety
Authors: Nikolić Milica , Aktar Evin , Bögels Susan , Colonnesi Cristina , de Vente Wieke 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundPhysiological hyperarousal in social situations is a characteristic of individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD), but so far it has been rarely studied as a biological risk for SAD. Here, we investigate whether children at high risk for SAD (because of their parents’ SAD) display physiological hyperarousal while interacting with a stranger. Also, we examine whether early physiological hyperarousal is related to later child social anxiety.MethodOne hundred and seventeen children took part in the stranger‐approach task when they were 2.5 and 4.5 years old. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and electrodermal activity (EDA) were measured before, during, and after the conversation with a stranger. Both parents’ lifetime SAD status and SAD severity were assessed before the birth of the child. Both parents and children reported on children's social anxiety symptoms when children were 7.5.ResultsChildren of parents with the lifetime SAD diagnosis did not differ in their physiological activity from children of parents without lifetime SAD. However, children of parents with more severe SAD displayed heightened EDA throughout the task procedure. Increased HR and reduced HRV during the stranger‐approach and elevated EDA throughout the task phases were linked to later child social anxiety.ConclusionsParents’ severity of SAD is related to child physiological hyperarousal early in their childhood. In addition, physiological hyperarousal in early childhood predicts later child social anxiety. Together, these findings suggest that early physiological hyperarousal in social situations may pose a risk for later child social anxiety and that physiological hyperarousal, and EDA in particular, may be a biological mechanism in the intergenerational transmission of SAD.
Comorbid symptoms of inattention, autism, and executive cognition in youth with putative genetic risk
Authors: Arnett Anne B. , Cairney Brianna E. , Wallace Arianne S. , Gerdts Jennifer , Turner Tychele N. , Eichler Evan E. , Bernier Raphael A. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundSymptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and inattention (IA) are highly comorbid and associated with deficits in executive cognition. Cognitive deficits have been posited as candidate endophenotypes of psychiatric traits, but few studies have conceptualized cognitive deficits as psychiatric comorbidities. The latter model is consistent with a latent factor reflecting broader liability to neuropsychological dysfunction, and explains heterogeneity in the cognitive profile of individuals with ASD and IA.MethodsWe tested competing models of covariance among symptoms of ASD, IA, and cognition in a sample of 73 youth with a known genetic mutation.ResultsA common executive factor fit best as a cognitive comorbidity, rather than endophenotype, of the shared variance between measures of IA and ASD symptoms. Known genetic risk explained a third of the shared variance among psychiatric and cognitive measures.ConclusionsComorbid symptoms of ASD, IA, and cognitive deficits are likely influenced by common neurogenetic factors. Known genetic risk in ASD may inform future investigation of putative genetic causes of IA.
Biphasic insulin aspart‐30 reduces glycemic variability to a greater degree than insulin detemir: A randomized controlled trial of once‐daily insulin regimens using continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: Tsujino Daisuke , Nishimura Rimei , Onda Yoshiko , Seo Chiaki , Ando Kiyotaka , Utsunomiya Kazunori 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionWe compared the efficacy of insulin detemir and biphasic insulin aspart‐30 given in the morning as an add‐on to oral hypoglycemic agents in type 2 diabetes patients.Materials and MethodsThe present study enrolled 30 patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (8% ≤ glycated hemoglobin < 11%) being treated with oral hypoglycemic agent mono‐ or combination therapy with biguanides, sulfonylureas or thiazolidinediones. The patients were randomly assigned to insulin detemir (group D) or insulin aspart‐30 (group A) given in the morning as add‐on to oral hypoglycemic agents. After adjusting their insulin doses, the patients that underwent continuous glucose monitoring during a 3‐day hospitalization and with day 2 continuous glucose monitoring data were subjected to analysis.ResultsThere was no significant difference in patient background, baseline glycated hemoglobin levels and insulin doses during continuous glucose monitoring between the two groups. The percent coefficient of variation of 24‐h glucose levels was significantly lower in group A (20.4 ± 7.6) than in group D (27.1 ± 6.5; P = 0.015). Similarly, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions was significantly smaller in group A (80 ± 32) than in group D (102 ± 14; P = 0.021). Postprandial glucose excursions were significantly smaller after breakfast in group A (65 ± 31 mg/dL) than in group D (106 ± 32 mg/dL; P = 0.002).ConclusionsAs once‐daily insulin injection therapy given before breakfast in type 2 diabetes patients, the biphasic insulin analog might represent a better insulin option in significantly lowering the percent coefficient of variation and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions than the long‐acting insulin preparation.