bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pharmacokinetics of Atomized Lidocaine Administered via the Trachea: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Takaenoki Yumiko , Masui Kenichi , Oda Yutaka , Kazama Tomiei 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:
Under emergent conditions, endotracheal drug administration may be an effective method of delivering emergency drugs. A common technique is to administer these drugs using a nonatomized spray. Atomized drug delivery may be an attractive alternative to nonatomized delivery because atomized particles are small, cover a large surface area, and may better adhere to endotracheal membrane resulting in more effective drug absorption. In this study, we compared the pharmacokinetic profile of lidocaine administered into the trachea using an atomized or a nonatomized technique.

METHODS:
Twenty patients were anesthetized using propofol and remifentanil. Ten minutes after rocuronium was administered, patients received 4% lidocaine (2 mg/kg) intratracheally over 2 seconds before tracheal intubation. Ten patients received atomized lidocaine using a mucosal atomization device, and the other 10 patients received nonatomized lidocaine using a traditional spray tube. Arterial lidocaine plasma concentrations were measured before; at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes; and then every 60 minutes after the administration of lidocaine until the end of the operation. We developed a pharmacokinetic model to examine whether bioavailability or absorption rate was different between atomized versus nonatomized lidocaine administration. The total body clearance was fixed at a published value to determine the bioavailability.

RESULTS:
Peak plasma concentrations were larger using the mucosal atomization device (median [range]: 1.9 [1.4−3.2] μg/mL) than the spray tube (1.1 [0.6−2.0] μg/mL; P = 0.0021). Our pharmacokinetic model estimated a difference of bioavailability between the atomized and the nonatomized lidocaine (0.801 and 0.559 respectively, P = 0.0005), whereas our model estimated no difference in the absorption rate constant (0.00688/min).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that when using atomized delivery of lidocaine, less drug is required to achieve a near equivalent plasma lidocaine concentration. Atomized drug administration may be a more efficient method for endotracheal drug administration.
Supplying the Front
Authors: Bostrom Alex 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe First World War placed previously unforeseen demands on the industries of all nations to supply their armies with the matériel to fight at the front lines. Despite the loss of the industrial heartland in the north, a dearth of manpower, and a mobilization plan that left the country on the brink of defeat, by 1918 France was producing more munitions and artillery than its allies, while supplying the arriving American army. Building on foundations laid in the early months of the war, the Ministry of War ultimately coordinated production to the operational and tactical needs of the army, thus facilitating the actions of the artillery at the front. The link between industry and the army, and the compromises made to ensure that artillery and shells of the required quantity and quality were supplied, proved crucial to French success on the battlefield.
Garlic exerts allelopathic effects on pepper physiology in a hydroponic co-culture system
Authors: Ding Haiyan , Cheng Zhihui , Liu Menglong , Hayat Sikandar , Feng Han 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
A hydroponic co-culture system was adopted to determine the allelopathic potential of garlic on the growth of pepper plants. Different numbers of garlic plants (0, 2, 4, 8 and 12) were hydroponically co-cultured with two pepper plants to investigate allelopathic effects on the growth attributes and antioxidative defense system of the test pepper plants. The responses of the pepper plants depended on the number of garlic plants included in the co-culture system, indicating an association of pepper growth with the garlic root exudate concentration. When grown at a pepper/garlic ratio of 1:1 or 1:2, the pepper plant height, chlorophyll content, and peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities were significantly increased after 30 days of co-culture; in contrast, reduction in methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) content was observed. However, when the pepper/garlic ratio was 1:4 or higher, these morphological indices and protective enzyme activities were significantly inhibited, whereas MDA levels in the pepper leaves were significantly increased due to severe membrane lipid peroxidation. The results indicate that although low concentrations of garlic root exudates appear to induce protective enzyme systems and promote pepper growth, high concentrations have deleterious effects. These findings suggest that further investigations should optimize the co-culture pepper/garlic ratio to reduce continuous cropping obstacles in pepper production.
Are patients informed about their MRI IAM results in a timely manner?
Authors: Konieczny Katarzyna , Pringle Mike 
Published: April 2016

Introduction: A new follow-up system, was designed to avoid unnecessary clinical appointments and ensure that patients receive the results of their investigations in a timely manner. Methods: We assessed the system by analysing the number of days between the magnetic resonance imaging of the internal auditory meatus (MRI IAM) scan and the result being conveyed to patients with unilateral/asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss, throughout a two-cycled audit. The arbitrary target was set at six weeks. Results: The first audit cycle revealed that only 32% of the results were conveyed to patients within six weeks. We redesigned the pathway with one person responsible for the process and introduced an e-mail alert system. Second cycle showed a statistically significant improvement. 96% of patients received their results within the target time (unpaired t-test, P < 0.0001). Discussion: Our follow up system allows a better use of available resources, frees up outpatient appointments, saves patients time and expense, and helps meet the waiting targets.
Un testimonio desconocido del Dean Martí sobre el pantano de Tibi
Authors: Giménez López Enrique 
Published: April 2016

Entre las tareas efectuadas para poner en marcha la reedificación del pantano de Tibi tras la rotura sufrida en 1697 destacan: la redacción de un memorial al rey sobre la urgencia de la obra; la ejecución de planos y presupuestos, y la recopilación de testimonios de personas destacadas en la vida ciudadana y de labradores huertanos sobre los graves perjuicios que la falta de riego ocasionaba en los cultivos. Los testimonios recopilados a lo largo de 1731 tienen un doble interés. En primer lugar, se enumeran detalladamente los perjuicios ocasionados en la Huerta desde la rotura, lo que equivale a situar el problema de la reconstrucción de la pared en el nivel de los intereses que la comunidad urbana tenía en las tierras susceptibles de riego con las aguas del embalse; en segundo lugar, la presencia entre los testimonios del de Manuel, Martí, deán de la Colegial de San Nicolás, y uno de los humanistas españoles con mayor crédito e influencia.
Monarquías y parlamentos en la España moderna
Authors: De Lario Ramírez Dámaso 
Published: April 2016

A finales de 1977, aparecía en el Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia la versión castellana del artículo de H. G. Koenigsberger Dominium Regale o Dominium Politicum et Regale. En ella su autor planteaba el problema del surgimiento de la diferente distribución de poderes políticos entre reyes y parlamentos en la Europa Moderna, enfocando la cuestión como una «búsqueda de las razones de los cambios de las estructuras políticas de los Estados europeos entre los siglos XV y XVIII». El objeto del presente artículo es reexaminar algunas de las cuestiones del sugestivo artículo de H. G. Koenigsberger y, fundamentalmente, centrar—dentro de nuestras modestas posibilidades—el caso español en la sistemática planteada por el profesor inglés y contemplar el funcionamiento del dominium regale y el dominium politicum et regale en las Cortes de algunos de los Reinos españoles de la Edad Moderna, con el fin de aportar nuevos elementos, capaces de ayudar a una futura solución del problema.
Estudio de la hacienda municipal a través de los libros de propios de la ciudad de Villena (1708-1766)
Authors: Moreno Nieves José Antonio 
Published: April 2016

La presente comunicación se basa en parte de nuestra Memoria de Licenciatura, que con el título «La hacienda municipal de Villena durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII (1708-1766)», dirigida por el Dr. Enrique Giménez López fue leída el 8 de octubre de 1986 en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Alicante. El tema que aquí tratamos, la hacienda municipal, ha sido quizá uno de los que menos se ha escrito por la moderna historiografía española sobre el Antiguo Régimen. A ello ha contribuido, sin duda, la falta de fuentes precisas sobre el tema y la dificultad del tratamiento de las mismas, pero el hallazgo de los denominados «libros de propios» en el Archivo Municipal de Villena nos indujo a introducirnos en su estudio. Quedan en ellos recogidas todas las cuentas efectuadas anualmente por el mayordomo de propios desde el año 1708 a 1766, no encontrándose únicamente las de 1748, 1755, 1761 y 1762, y que aparecen en cinco tomos.
Don Diego Clemencín
Authors: Mas Galvañ Cayetano 
Published: April 2016

En 1922, Jean Sarrailh publicaba en Bulletin hispanique un breve artículo sobre D. Diego Clemencín. El propósito del gran hispanista consistía básicamente en publicar algunos documentos relativos a la vida del célebre comentador del Quijote, historiador, traductor y político. Aunque desde entonces se han producido algunas aportaciones que han remediado en parte el vacío historiográfico del que Sarrailh se quejaba, lo cierto es que aún no poseemos la auténtica biografía de D. Diego que el hispanista demandaba y que el personaje merece. Por nuestra parte, el propósito será igualmente modesto: nos limitaremos a publicar aquí algunos datos biográficos inéditos que sobre Clemencín hemos hallado en el curso de nuestras investigaciones en torno al Seminario de San Fulgencio —en el que Clemencín se educó— y a los individuos relacionados con esta institución docente. Básicamente, son datos que corresponden al período de su biografía anterior al año 1808.
Los municipios aragoneses tras la nueva planta: la nueva administración y su personal político
Authors: Moreno Nieves José Antonio 
Published: April 2016

Tras la victoria borbónica en 1707 se va a producir la reforma del sistema de gobierno de los recién conquistados reinos de Aragón y Valencia. Pero no todos los organismos de gobierno tenían la misma idea sobre el contenido y el alcance de dicha reforma. El Consejo de Aragón manifestó su contrariedad a la castellanización de la Audiencia de Valencia y a una represión indiscriminada. Con respecto a Aragón, el Consejo sugirió mantener la Diputación, nombrando nuevos diputados en lugar de los desafectos, el ayuntamiento foral, con modificaciones como la eliminación del llamado capítulo y consejo, pero conservando cargos como el zalmedina de Zaragoza, similar al corregidor castellano. Pero una cosa era abolir el antiguo sistema de gobierno y otra, bien distinta, desarrollar uno nuevo. En este último aspecto la indefinición (sólo quedaba claro que sería al «estilo y leyes de Castilla») y la falta de normas precisas fue nota predominante durante los primeros años de gobierno borbónico en Aragón.
In Vitro Study on the Adhesion and Colonization of Candida Albicans on Metal and Acrylic Piercings
Authors: Stamenov N. , Tomov G. , Denkova Z. , Dobrev I. 
Published: April 2016

Summary
Oral/perioral piercing may provide an ideal environment for adhesion and colonization of microorganisms. The aim of this study is to perform an “in vitro” research on the capabilities of adhesion of Candida albicans on oral piercings made of plastic and metal. Acrylic and metal piercings were incubated with Candida albicans and then were observed using scanning electron microscopy under different magnifications. A lot of irregularities and roughness were observed on the surface of the plastic piercing unlike the surface of the metal one, which is not so rough. Nevertheless, the number of Candida albicans colonies was considerably larger on the scanned metal surface in comparison to the plastic surface. In vitro the metal surface of the piercing creates better environment for the adhesion and colonization of microorganisms than the acrylic. This could be attributed to the electrostatic forces that most likely attract Candida albicans to the metal piercing in the early stages of biofilm formation.
Serum Cystatin C in Patients with Delayed Graft Function
Authors: Boncheva M. , Gruev T. , Nikolov G. 
Published: April 2016

Summary
Despite recent studies showing that serum Cystatin C (CysC) is a better marker for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than the ubiquitously used creatinine, the clinical utility of these findings remains to be evaluated. This marker is very sensitive for allograft function after renal transplantation. The concentration of CysC was compared with that of the creatinine. Decreased renal function was followed in 64 transplanted patients. Serum CysC significantly correlated with creatinine in healthy controls (r = 0.625, p < 0.0001), whereas in the transplanted patients the mean serum creatinine and CysC concentrations were: 81 ± 13 mmol/L and 0.90 ± 0.22 mg/L, respectively. Serum CysC and creatinine significantly correlated throughout the post transplantation period (r = 0.686, p < 0.001), but we confirmed differences between kinetics of these parameters. In the first four days after transplantation the CysC concentration was normalized faster than the creatinine concentration. Development of acute rejection episode (between 5 and 7 days) showed high sensitivity and specificity of the changes of CysC compared with those of creatinine.
Determining the Levels of Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Mihaylov R. , Pencheva B. , Stoeva D. , Marinova N. , Krivoshiev S. , Michailov G. 
Published: April 2016

Summary
Vitamin D deficiency is fequently observed in chronic kidney disease. We conducted this study to determine the concentration of the above-mentioned parameters and the correlation between them in order to optimize therapy with vitamin D in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis. In 53 patients on hemodialysis due to ESRD, vitamin D [Calcidiol (25(OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus, albuminuria, albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) and other parameters have been followed up. Analysis of the levels of vitamin D has been carried out by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the PTH is determined by the system Centaur XP, Siemens Diagnostic, Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), and for albumin in urine we used immunological method [Miltigent microalbumin assay (Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics). We found out deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D in 56.6% and 37.7%, as well as average 4.5 times increase in the PTH, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, albuminuria (A2 or A3), over 10 times increase in the ACR, secondary hyperparathyroidism. We registered a negative correlation between vitamin D and PTH. We confirmed the increase in creatinine and cystatin C in the patients on hemodialysis. There are few literature data for patients on hemodialysis, however, regarding the extent of the vitamin deficiency and its relationship with PTH, albuminuria, calcium, phosphorus, etc. Our data have indicated that patients on hemodialysis due to ESRD are associated with high incidence of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency.
Radial Head Arthroplasty with A Modular Prosthesis – Initial Experience
Authors: Petrov V. , Matev B. , Dikov D. 
Published: April 2016

Summary
The Mason type III and IV radial head fractures are severe injuries that lead to decreased range of motion, alteration in the kinematics, the load transfer and the stability of the elbow. They are often in conjunction with ligament injuries, anterior or posterior joint dislocations and fractures of the coronoid process, the humeral capitulum and the olecranon. The resection of the head leads to elbow instability, late complications and arthrosis of the elbow. The open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in Mason type III and IV fractures is not able to restore and sustain the anatomical structure and function of the radiocapitellar joint. That is why these fractures require arthroplasty. The best results are reported with the use of metal bipolar prosthetics. We present our initial experience with radial head arthroplasty on three patients with mean follow up 18 months and a review of the English literature.
Effect of nitrogen fertilization and genotype on the yield and yield components of winter wheat
Authors: Sugár Eszter , Berzsenyi Zoltán , Árendás Tamás , Bónis Péter 
Published: April 2016

Summary
The effect of N fertilization on the yield, yield components, harvest index (HI), and chlorophyll content (SPAD (soil plant analysis development) index) of winter wheat cultivars was investigated in a long-term experiment in Hungary between 2006/2007 and 2008/2009. Maximal grain yield was reached at 80 and 160 kg · ha–1 N treatments, the higher N rate did not lead to a further yield increase in any of the years. A substantial year effect was observed for the yield and yield components. A negative correlation was found between grain number and thousand-kernel weight (TKW). Mv Verbunkos gave among the varieties the highest grain yield, grain number per spike, and SPAD value. There was a significant (P<0.001) positive correlation between the yield and the number of grains per square meter (r=0.85) and between the yield and the SPAD index (r=0.59). A significant (P<0.01) negative correlation was detected between the yield and the TKW (r=–0.44) and a positive correlation between the yield and the HI (r=0.51). Regression analysis revealed a significant linear relationship between the yield and the yield components (number of grains per square meter and TKW) at the various N levels.
Antibiotics in Austrian drinking water resources, survey 2014
Authors: Inreiter Norbert , Huemer Birgit , Springer Burkhard , Humer Franko , Allerberger Franz 
Published: April 2016

Summary
We surveyed antibiotics in drinking water in Austria. Testing for 37 antimicrobials was performed by online solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectroscopy method. Selection of sample sites for drinking water resources focused on areas considered susceptible to contamination and on geographic population distribution. Sulfamethoxazole was detected in 10 (5%) of 200 samples collected in 2014. Five samples showed concentrations above the limit of quantification (2.5 ng/l). Concentrations measured were ≤8.9 ng/l, making toxic effects highly unlikely. However, even low-level concentrations of antibiotics could increase bacterial resistance. The presence of antibiotics is presently not regulated. We assume anthropogenic pollution (not animal husbandry) as source and ask for a maximum permissible value of antibiotics in drinking water.
Dwarf shrub vegetation of rock ledges and clefts in the Pamir Alai Mountains (Middle Asia: Tajikistan)
Authors: Nowak Arkadiusz , Nowak Sylwia , Nobis Marcin , Nobis Agnieszka 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe paper presents the results of phytosociological researches on rocky slope vegetation in Tajikistan with the aim to establish a comprehensive syntaxonomical classification system. Field studies were conducted in 2010-2014 in Pamir Alai ranges and Pamirian plateau. Nearly 500 relevés documenting rock and scree vegetation were made according to the Braun-Blanquet method. Numerical analyses of selected 58 relevés representing dwarf shrub vegetation on rock ledges made it possible to distinguish: Ephedro glaucae- Spiraeion baldschuanicae and Ephedrion regeliano-fedtschenkoi alliances, as well as Spiraeetum baldschuanicae, Rhamnetum coriaceae, Pentaphylloidetum parvifoliae and Pentaphylloidetum dryadanthoidis associations, community of Ephedra glauca and community of Rhamnus minuta. The classification of vegetation of dwarf shrubs on rock walls occurring in the Pamir Alai Mts is proposed. Because of the species composition, physiognomy and microhabitat conditions, the plant communities were included into Artemisio santolinifoliae- Berberidetea sibiricae class Ermakov et al. 2006. The main factors determining the species composition of the classified associations seem to be the elevation above sea level.The newly described syntaxa are largely defined by species restricted to very narrow ranges in Middle Asia.
Comparison of anti-Aspergillus activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil and commercial biocide based on silver ions and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Savković Željko D. , Stupar Miloš Č. , Grbić Milica V. Ljaljević , Vukojević Jelena B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe antifungal activities of Origanum vulgare essential oil (EO) and of a biocide based on silver and hydrogen peroxide (Sanosil S003) against seven Aspergillus species isolated from different substrata (stone, brick, silk and paper) of cultural heritage objects in Serbia were evaluated. Microdilution, agar dilution and microatmosphere methods were used to determine minimal fungistatic and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC), and light microscopy to determine structural abnormalities. MIC and MFC values for O. vulgare EO ranged from 0.2 to 5 mg mL−1and for Sanosil S003 from 5 to 250 mg mL−1. Aspergillus sp. sect. fumigati was the most susceptible isolate, where MIC and MFC values were achieved at 0.5 mg mL−1for O. vulgare EO, while MIC and MFC values for Sanosil S003 were achieved at 5 and 10 mg mL−1, respectively. Morpho-physiological changes were documented in all isolates, including lack of sporulation, depigmentation of conidiogenous apparatus and conidia, and presence of aberrant fungal structures. O. vulgare EO exhibited stronger anti-Aspergillus activity than Sanosil S003, as demonstrated by the higher MIC and MFC values and fewer morpho-physiological changes observed in the tested Sanosil S003 concentrations. O. vulgare EO could be an excellent alternative to commercial biocides, with high potential in the field of cultural heritage conservation.
First Italian record of Paspalum notatum Flüggé (Poaceae) and its typification
Authors: Stinca Adriano , Galasso Gabriele , Banfi Enrico 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In the present work the presence of Paspalum notatum Flüggé (Poaceae) in Italy was reported for the first time. It is a neophyte native to America, known for applications in phytoremediation. Its typification, ecology and invasiveness status are also presented.
Morphological variability of the Bulgarian endemic Betonica bulgarica Degen et Neič. (Lamiaceae) from Sinite Kamani Natural Park, Eastern Balkan Range
Authors: Grozeva Neli H. , Gerdzhikova Mariya A. , Pavlov Dimitar H. , Panayotova Galia D. , Todorova Mima H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFour populations of Betonica bulgarica Degen et Neič. at Sinite Kamani Natural Park were morphologically tested. Intrapopulation and interpopulation variabilities were established. The rеlationship between morphological variability, number, area and ecological appurtenance of the studied populations were explored. The results demonstrated that the main source of phenotype variation is intrapopulation variability, mainly due to the age structure of populations. The most variable traits are height of stem and dimensions of leaves. The registered interpopulation variability was affected by the differences in altitude, soil type and differences in environmental conditions and soil properties. Indumentum and morphology of generative organs had taxonomic significance for distinguishing B. bulgarica from the other species in the genus, including the species that were morphologically most similar to it - Betonica officinalis L.