bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell adhesion and polarity in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Bonastre Ester , Brambilla Elisabeth , Sanchez‐Cespedes Montse 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLung cancer is a deadly disease that can roughly be classified into three histopathological groups: lung adenocarcinomas, lung squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs), and small cell carcinomas. These types of lung cancer are molecularly, phenotypically, and regionally diverse neoplasms, reflecting differences in their cells of origin. LSCCs commonly arise in the airway epithelium of a main or lobar bronchus, which is an important line of defence against the external environment. Furthermore, most LSCCs are characterized histopathologically by the presence of keratinization and/or intercellular bridges, consistent with the molecular features of these tumours, characterized by high levels of transcripts encoding keratins and proteins relevant to intercellular junctions and cell polarity. In this review, the relationships between the molecular features of LSCCs and the types of cell and epithelia of origin are discussed. Recurrent alterations in genes involved in intercellular adhesion and cell polarity in LSCCs are also reviewed, emphasizing the importance of the disruption of PAR3 and the PAR complex. Finally, the possible functional effects of these alterations on epithelial homeostasis, and how they contribute to the development of LSCC, are discussed. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of bevacizumab exposure beyond disease progression in patients with non–small‐cell lung cancer: analyses of the ARIES observational cohort study
Authors: Leon Larry , Kosty Michael , Jahanzeb Mohammad , Spigel David , Wozniak Antoinette J. , Brahmer Julie , Fish Susan , Flick E. Dawn , Hazard Sebastien J. , Lynch Thomas J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeBevacizumab used in combination with first‐line chemotherapy confers an overall survival (OS) benefit for patients with non‐squamous non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This analysis from the ARIES observational cohort study (OCS) was initiated to evaluate the effect of bevacizumab use beyond disease progression (BBP) on clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC receiving first‐line treatment with bevacizumab and chemotherapy.MethodsThe ARIES OCS prospectively enrolled patients from 2006 to 2009 in the United States who had advanced non‐squamous NSCLC, received bevacizumab with chemotherapy in the first‐line setting, and survived progressive disease (PD). A dichotomous landmark analysis examined post‐PD OS (ppOS) in patients who received BBP versus no BBP within 30 days post PD. A time‐dependent Cox model assessed the effect of cumulative BBP exposure on ppOS.ResultsThe ARIES OCS enrolled 1967 patients with first‐line NSCLC; 1358 patients had first PD and were alive at the 30‐day landmark (351 patients with BBP and 1007 patients with no BBP). The landmark analysis showed that BBP was associated with a lower risk of death (BBP versus No‐BBP); hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.65–0.86. In the cumulative exposure analysis of 1461 patients who had PD, HRs for ppOS decreased by approximately 4% for each additional 21‐day interval of bevacizumab received. Protocol‐specified bevacizumab‐select adverse events occurred in 14% of BBP patients.ConclusionsBBP was associated with a lower risk of death in patients with NSCLC treated with first‐line bevacizumab and chemotherapy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pain medication in German nursing homes: a whole lot of metamizole
Authors: Hoffmann Falk , Schmiemann Guido 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposePrescribing of metamizole (dipyrone), an analgesic that has been withdrawn from the market or never approved in many countries owing to safety concerns, is high in elder persons in Germany. This study assessed the use of pain medications in German nursing homes with a special focus on prescribing patterns of metamizole.MethodsUsing data of the ‘Inappropriate Medication in Patients with Renal Insufficiency in Nursing Homes’ (IMREN) study conducted between October 2014 and April 2015 in nursing homes in Bremen and Lower Saxony, we studied prescribing of analgesics including both scheduled and as‐needed medications. For residents with scheduled medication, dosage and duration of use were analysed.ResultsA total of 852 residents from 21 nursing homes were included. They were on average 83.5 years old, and 76.5% were women; 73.8% received at least one analgesic with 70.3% obtaining World Health Organization step I drugs. The most frequently prescribed substances were metamizole (for 40.6%) and paracetamol (acetaminophen; 35.6%), with paracetamol given mostly as‐needed. The proportion of residents receiving metamizole increased with age (up to 47.4% in persons aged 90 years and over). Of 143 residents with scheduled metamizole (16.8%), the mean daily dosage was 1843 mg (interquartile range [IQR]: 1500–2250); 66.9% received metamizole for at least 90 days and 23.2% for at least 365 days (mean duration 276 days; IQR: 59–314).DiscussionThere is a discrepancy between prescribing of metamizole for older persons, on the one hand, and evidence on comparative effectiveness and safety as well as approval and recommendations, on the other hand. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instrumental variable analysis as a complementary analysis in studies of adverse effects: venous thromboembolism and second‐generation versus third‐generation oral contraceptives
Authors: Boef Anna G. C. , Souverein Patrick C. , Vandenbroucke Jan P. , van Hylckama Vlieg Astrid , de Boer Anthonius , le Cessie Saskia , Dekkers Olaf M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeA potentially useful role for instrumental variable (IV) analysis may be as a complementary analysis to assess the presence of confounding when studying adverse drug effects. There has been discussion on whether the observed increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) for third‐generation oral contraceptives versus second‐generation oral contraceptives could be (partially) attributed to confounding. We investigated how prescribing preference IV estimates compare with conventional estimates.MethodsWomen in the Clinical Practice Research Database who started a second‐generation or third‐generation oral contraceptive from 1989 to 2013 were included. Ordinary least squares and two‐stage least squares regression were used to estimate risk differences in VTE. Cox regression and IV for Cox proportional hazards regression were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR). The instrument used was the proportion of prescriptions for third‐generation oral contraceptives by the general practitioner in the year preceding the current prescription.ResultsAll analyses pointed in the direction of an increased VTE risk for third‐generation oral contraceptives. The adjusted HR from the conventional Cox regression was 1.62 (95% confidence interval 1.16–2.27) and the fully adjusted HR from the IV Cox regression was 3.45 (95% confidence interval; 0.97–11.7), showing a larger risk and wider confidence intervals in the IV analysis.ConclusionsThe similarity in direction of results from the IV analyses and conventional analyses suggests that major confounding is unlikely. IV analysis can be a useful complementary analysis to assess the presence of confounding in studies of adverse drug effects in very large databases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Medical Marijuana on Migraine Headache Frequency in an Adult Population
Authors: Rhyne Danielle N. , Anderson Sarah L. , Gedde Margaret , Borgelt Laura M. 
Published: January 2016

Study ObjectiveNo clinical trials are currently available that demonstrate the effects of marijuana on patients with migraine headache; however, the potential effects of cannabinoids on serotonin in the central nervous system indicate that marijuana may be a therapeutic alternative. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the effects of medical marijuana on the monthly frequency of migraine headache.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTwo medical marijuana specialty clinics in Colorado.PatientsOne hundred twenty‐one adults with the primary diagnosis of migraine headache who were recommended migraine treatment or prophylaxis with medical marijuana by a physician, between January 2010 and September 2014, and had at least one follow‐up visit.Measurements and ResultsThe primary outcome was number of migraine headaches per month with medical marijuana use. Secondary outcomes were the type and dose of medical marijuana used, previous and adjunctive migraine therapies, and patient‐reported effects. Migraine headache frequency decreased from 10.4 to 4.6 headaches per month (p<0.0001) with the use of medical marijuana. Most patients used more than one form of marijuana and used it daily for prevention of migraine headache. Positive effects were reported in 48 patients (39.7%), with the most common effects reported being prevention of migraine headache with decreased frequency of migraine headache (24 patients [19.8%]) and aborted migraine headache (14 patients [11.6%]). Inhaled forms of marijuana were commonly used for acute migraine treatment and were reported to abort migraine headache. Negative effects were reported in 14 patients (11.6%); the most common effects were somnolence (2 patients [1.7%]) and difficulty controlling the effects of marijuana related to timing and intensity of the dose (2 patients [1.7%]), which were experienced only in patients using edible marijuana. Edible marijuana was also reported to cause more negative effects compared with other forms.ConclusionThe frequency of migraine headache was decreased with medical marijuana use. Prospective studies should be conducted to explore a cause‐and‐effect relationship and the use of different strains, formulations, and doses of marijuana to better understand the effects of medical marijuana on migraine headache treatment and prophylaxis.
Click‐coupling of anthraquinone dyes with β‐cyclodextrin: formation of polymeric superstructures
Authors: Lievenbrück Melanie , Hartlaub Benjamin , Ritter Helmut 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTwo novel cyclodextrin‐modified anthraquinone dyes were synthesized and investigated for their complexation behaviour and formation of superstructures. Therefore, 1‐fluoro‐4‐N‐(propargylamino)anthraquinone and 1,4‐bis(propargyloxy)anthraquinone were prepared via nucleophilic aromatic displacement and subsequently covalently ‘click‐coupled’ in a copper(I)‐catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition with β‐cyclodextrin monoazide. Both the propargyl‐modified precursor and the click‐coupled anthraquinone dyes were evaluated as hosts and guests, respectively, in β‐cyclodextrin interactions. The anthraquinone dye bearing two cyclodextrins, 1,4‐bis((1‐β‐cyclodextrin‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐yl)methoxy)anthraquinone, enables the reversible formation of supramolecular crosslinked poly[(N,N‐dimethyl acrylamide)‐co‐(N‐(ferrocenoylmethyl)acrylamide)] (11), whereas the monofunctionalized compound 1‐fluoro‐4‐(((1‐β‐cyclodextrin‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐yl)methyl)amino)anthraquinone can be supramolecularly linked to 11 resulting in coloured polymers. These features of β‐cyclodextrin‐linked anthraquinone dyes can be verified with either 1H 1H NMR rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy or the naked eye. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Soluble N‐substituted poly(benzimidazole imide)s via C−N coupling reaction
Authors: Shang Zhenfang , Yang Li , Chang Guanjun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNovel heat‐resistant N‐substituted poly(benzimidazole imide)s (PBIIs) with good solubility were synthesized via a C − N coupling reaction. A model reaction was carried out to assist in determining the optimal reaction conditions for the polymerization and to elucidate the chemical structures of the polymers. The structures of the resulting polymers were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared and elemental analysis; the results showed good agreement with the proposed structures. The resulting PBIIs exhibited high glass transition temperatures (Tg > 290 oC) and good thermostability (T5% > 440 oC). The thermal behavior in air of the PBII polymers suggests that they can be considered as a new class of high performance polyimides. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhanced crystallization of poly(lactide) stereocomplex by xylan propionate
Authors: Ishii Daisuke , Kimishima Misaki , Otake Katsuto , Iwata Tadahisa 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe effect of xylan propionate (XylPr) as a novel biomass‐derived nucleating agent on the poly(lactide) sterecomplex was investigated. Addition of XylPr to an enantiomeric blend of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) and poly(d‐lactide) (PDLA) was performed in either the solution state or molten state. The solution blend of PLLA/PDLA with XylPr was prepared by mixing equal volumes of 1 wt% XylPr/PLLA and 1 wt% XylPr/PDLA solutions in chloroform and precipitating in methanol. The solution blend with XylPr showed shorter half‐time crystallization than the solution blend without XylPr in isothermal crystallization between 80 and 140 °C, although homocrystallization occurred. Enhanced stereocomplex crystallization in the solution blend with XylPr was observed at 180 °C, where no crystallization occurred in the solution blend without XylPr. Addition of XylPr to PLLA/PDLA blend in the molten state was performed at 240 °C. Thereafter, the melt blend of PLLA/PDLA with or without XylPr was either quenched in iced water or isothermally crystallized directly from the melt. Isothermal crystallization of the melt‐quenched blend with XylPr gave a similar result to the solution blend with XylPr. In contrast, the melt‐crystallized blend with XylPr formed only stereocomplex crystals after crystallization above 140 °C. Furthermore, the melt‐crystallized blend with XylPr showed a higher crystallinity index and melting temperature than the melt‐crystallized blend without XylPr. This shows that XylPr promotes stereocomplex crystallization only when the blend of PLLA/PDLA with XylPr is directly crystallized from the molten state just after blending. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of bisphenol A‐free oligomeric phthalonitrile resins with sulfone and sulfone‐ketone containing backbones
Authors: Laskoski Matthew , Clarke Jadah S. , Neal Arianna , Ricks‐Laskoski Holly L. , Hervey W. Judson , Keller Teddy M. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTTwo new oligomeric sulfone and sulfone‐ketone containing phthalonitrile (PN) resins with excellent processability have been developed. The PN monomers were prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of bisphenol S with 4‐(chlorophenyl)sulfone or 4,4‐dichlorobenzophenone in the presence of a base in a solvent mixture (dimethylsulfoxide/toluene), followed by end‐capping with 4‐nitro‐PN in a two‐step, one‐pot reaction. These PN resins exhibited good viscosities and cure times for molding into various shapes. After being thermally cured to yield crosslinked polymers, these polymers demonstrated superb mechanical properties, thermo‐oxidative stability, and maintained good dielectric properties. Published 2016. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1639–1646
Detrimental Ni(0) transfer in Kumada catalyst transfer polycondensation of benzo[2,1‐b:3,4‐b']dithiophene
Authors: Bedi Anjan , De Winter Julien , Gerbaux Pascal , Koeckelberghs Guy 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis article deals with the Kumada Catalyst Transfer Polycondensation (KCTP) of 4,7‐dioctylbenzo[2,1‐b:3,4‐b']dithiophene (BDP‐Oct) using Ni(II) catalyst or In/cat combination. A combination of MALDI MS, GPC, and 31P NMR spectroscopy is used to reveal the failure of the KCTP of this particular monomer. Intermolecular transfer reactions to monomer appeared to prevent the formation of polymer. This result is remarkable, since isomeric benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophene polymerizes in a controlled way. The presence of a “non‐aromatic double bond” in annulated monomers is discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1706–1712
Synthesis of new Azo‐based liquid crystalline polymers and their selective sensing behaviors to alkali metal ions
Authors: Byun In‐Joon , Lee Minjae , Han Yang‐Kyoo 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTWe report novel liquid crystalline (LC) polymers containing pendant azobenzene moieties with n‐dodecyl substituents and ethyleneoxy spacers of different lengths and describe their selective detection behaviors to alkali metal ions. The new azopolymers produce homogenous smectic phases with a typical fan‐shaped texture. UV‐Vis and 1H NMR studies confirm that the azopolymers selectively bind to Li+ and Na+, but do not complex with K+, Ba2+, Mg2+, or Ca2+. Both the ethyleneoxy spacer and azobenzene units participate in binding to Li+ and Na+ cations in solution. Interestingly, after formation of the complexed structure, the ratio of cis to trans conformer is considerably increased suggesting stronger interactions of the cis conformer with alkali metal ions. Irradiation of the complexed structure with 365 nm UV induces conversion of the uncomplexed trans to the cis. These findings suggest a great potential of the LC azopolymers as selective sensors or separation membranes for alkali metal ions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1713–1723
Toward large tubular helices based on the polymerization of tri(benzamide)s
Authors: Schulze Maren , Kilbinger Andreas F. M. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTHerein we present the synthesis and polycondensation of mono‐ and di‐N‐protected, bis‐substituted tri(benzamide)s with the aim to create large, tubular helices. We synthesized 2,4‐dimethoxy and 2,5‐bis‐TEGylated aminobenzoic acid derivatives as bent and linear monomers and introduced p‐methoxybenzyl (PMB) amide protecting groups to the oligobenzamide backbone. An iterative coupling strategy allowed for sequence control, giving rise to oligomers consisting of one bent and two linear monomers. The resulting meta‐para‐para‐linked aromatic trimers carried either one or two PMB‐protecting groups. With high organosolubility and flexibility, this synthetic strategy generated suitable precursors for subsequent polycondensation reactions. After polymerization, treatment with acid triggered the cleavage of the N‐protecting groups. We hypothesize that the hydrogen bonding pattern generated along the polyaramide backbone could lead to the formation of a helical polymer. A drastic change in hydrodynamic volume was observed by gel permeation chromatography and dissolution in a chiral solvent lead to the observation of a circular dichroism signal for this polymer. The results of the polycondensations of N‐protected oligobenzamides are reported herein. The formation of macrocycles as well as polymers could also be observed, giving a highly interesting insight into the underlying mechanism of the polycondensation of flexible, oligobenzamide‐based oligomers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1731–1741
Architecture‐controlled synthesis of redox‐degradable hyperbranched polyglycerol block copolymers and the structural implications of their degradation
Authors: Son Suhyun , Park Haeree , Shin Eeseul , Shibasaki Yuji , Kim Byeong‐Su 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTWe have successfully synthesized a series of redox‐degradable hyperbranched polyglycerols using a disulfide containing monomer, 2‐((2‐(oxiran‐2‐ylmethoxy)ethyl)disulfanyl) ethan‐1‐ol (SSG), to yield PSSG homopolymers and hyperbranched block copolymers, P(G‐b‐SSG) and P(SSG‐b‐G), containing nondegradable glycerol (G) monomers. Using these polymers, we have explored the structures of the hyperbranched block copolymers and their related degradation products. Furthermore, side reaction such as reduction of disulfide bond during the polymerization was investigated by employing the free thiol titration experiments. We elucidated the structures of the degradation products with respect to the architecture of the hyperbranched block copolymer under redox conditions using 1H NMR and GPC measurements. For example, the degradation products of P(G‐b‐SSG) and P(SSG‐b‐G) are clearly different, demonstrating the clear distinction between linear and hyperbranched block copolymers. We anticipate that this study will extend the structural diversity of PG based polymers and aid the understanding of the structures of degradable hyperbranched PG systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1752–1761
Sulfonated polyaniline‐graphene oxide hybrids: Synthesis and effect of monomer composition on the electrochemical signal for direct DNA detection
Authors: Meng Le , Chen Huaiyin , Ge Tong , Yang Tao , Jiao Kui 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTA variety of sulfonated polyaniline‐graphene oxide (SPAN‐GNO) nanocomposites based on GNO, aniline (ANI) and m‐aminobenzenesulfonic acid (ABSA) are prepared via changing the mole ratio of ANI to ABSA for the comparison of DNA sensing behavior. Self‐signals of SPAN‐GNO are employed for estimating the effect of preparation conditions [component, monomer composition (mole ratio of ANI to ABSA), and reaction time] on DNA immobilization and hybridization detection. Then, we find herein that the mole ratio of ANI to ABSA plays a lead role over other factors on hybridization efficiency. Meanwhile, the parallel experiments using methylene blue as the classic indicator verifies this conclusion. The results show that, by comparison with other mole ratio SPAN‐GNO nanocomposites‐modified electrodes, the mole ratio (2:3) exhibits the widest dynamic detection range from 1.0 × 10−14 to 1.0 × 10−6 M, as well as the lowest detection limit (3.06 × 10−15 M). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1762–1773
Prediction of viscoelastic properties with coarse‐grained molecular dynamics and experimental validation for a benchmark polyurea system
Authors: Agrawal Vipin , Holzworth Kristin , Nantasetphong Wiroj , Amirkhizi Alireza V. , Oswald Jay , Nemat‐Nasser Sia 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTTo explore the relationship between microscopic structure and viscoelastic properties of polyurea, a coarse‐grained (CG) model is developed by a structure matching method and validated against experiments conducted on a controlled, benchmark material. Using the Green‐Kubo method, the relaxation function is computed from the autocorrelation of the stress tensor, sampled over equilibrium MD simulations, and mapped to a real time scale established by matching self‐diffusion rates of atomistic and CG models. Master curves computed from the predicted stress relaxation function are then compared with dynamic mechanical analysis experiments mapped to a wide frequency range by time–temperature superposition, as well as measurements of ultrasonic shear wave propagation. Computational simulations from monodisperse and polydisperse configurations, representative of the benchmark polyurea, show excellent agreement with the experimental measurements over a multidecade range of loading frequency. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 797–810