bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisi dell’evoluzione degli strumenti internazionali volti al contrasto della violenza di genere.
Authors: Latino Agostina 
Published: January 2016

Fin dal 1999, l’Assemblea generale delle Nazioni unite (NU), con la risoluzione n. 54/134, ha proclamato il 25 novembre “Giornata internazionale per l’eliminazione della violenza contro le donne”. La data è stata scelta in ricordo del brutale assassinio delle sorelle Mirabal (Patria, Minerva e Maria Teresa) avvenuto nel 1960 nella Repubblica Dominicana, sotto la feroce dittatura di Trujillo. Le tre sorelle, soprannominate “las mariposas”, le farfalle, per la loro bellezza e vivacità, il 25 novembre 1960, furono catturate, torturate, uccise e gettate con la loro auto in un precipizio, al fine di simulare una morte accidentale, da agenti segreti del servizio di informazione militare, mentre si recavano a visitare i loro mariti in prigione per motivi politici. Il fenomeno della violenza nei confronti delle donne è una vera e propria pandemia che non conosce confini poiché investe indistintamente tutto il mondo, sia pure con declinazioni e tassi di incidenza diversi. La violenza nei confronti delle donne è un tema risalente nel tempo1. In queste brevi note, dopo aver individuato le forme più diffuse di violenza nei confronti delle donne, cercheremo di ricostruire le tappe degli strumenti adottati sotto l’egida delle Nazioni unite e nei quadri regionali, per analizzare più specificamente la Convenzione di Istanbul, ossia la Convenzione del Consiglio d’Europa sulla prevenzione e la lotta alla violenza contro le donne e la violenza domestica, approvata dal Comitato dei Ministri del Consiglio d’Europa il 7 aprile 2011, aperta alla firma l’11 maggio 2011, entrata in vigore il 1° agosto 20142.
Countess Almaviva and the Carceral Redemption: Introducing a Musical Utopia into the Prison Walls
Authors: Romero Luis Gómez 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Modernity conceived prison as a primary vehicle for the humanization of criminal punishment. Contrarily to this theoretical and normative model, the practice of imprisonment has conserved several elements of the physical and psychological affliction typical of pre-modern forms of criminal retribution. Prison actually embodies a major theme of dystopian fiction because of the useless suffering it somehow implies. Nonetheless, the concrete dystopian experience of incarceration has frequently been challenged by the utopian horizons of opera, which Charles Fourier once conceived as a passionate pivot for social change. From Fidelio to The Shawshank Redemption, opera has represented a utopian wonder of voices that soar “higher and farther than anybody in a grey place dares to dream.” Surrounded by the walls of prison, opera is not merely a snobbish artistry: it may constitute a real pre-text for the rights and dignity even infamous men and women deserve.
Laughter under Socialism: Exposing the Ocular in Soviet Jocularity
Authors: Oushakine Serguei Alex. 
Published: January 2016

What do we need, comrades? We need the broad masses laughing as much as possible. We need laughter so badly, it is enough to make you weep. . . . We need laughter. Thoughtful, serious laughter without the slightest grin.Nikolai Erdman and Vladimir Mass,A Meeting about Laughter, 1933Laughter can be different. Yet, such terms as “ours” [nash] and “theirs” [ne nash]—trite as they are—have no difficulty in finding dieir proper coun-terparts. . . . “Our laughter” and “their laughter” are not mere abstractions. The two are separated by a gulf of different social reasoning [propasf raznogo sotsial´nogo osmysleniia].—Sergei Eisenstein,The Bolsheviks Are Laughing,1930s
Eating concerns, body dissatisfaction, thinness internalization and antifat attitudes and their relationship with gender ideology in a sample of men
Authors: Magallares Alejandro 
Published: January 2016

<p>Eating disorders are much less common in men than in women. In this paper it is argued that these differences may be explained by the gender ideology that men and women have. Literature suggests that women’s ideology internalizes the social norm of slimness and for that reason may develop eating concerns and body dissatisfaction with the pass of the time, while men externalize the value of thinness and that is why they show greater antifat attitudes than women. Data obtained from 450 male students revealed that participants high in a gender ideology scale reported greater antifat attitudes and less thinness internalization, eating concerns and body dissatisfaction. Finally, it is discussed why men and women adopt different strategies to deal with the social norm of thinness.</p>
L’armée française et le secret : contribution à l’étude d’un régime juridique dérogatoire
Authors: Cursoux-Bruyère Sandrine 
Published: January 2016

Le secret, en tant qu’expression du silence, caractérise à la fois l’organisation et l’action de l’armée française. De l’ambiguïté constitutionnelle quant à la répartition des compétences militaires, favorable de fait au chef de l’État, aux multiples régimes dérogatoires qui se combinent — statut des militaires, « secret-défense », actes de gouvernement —, tout conduit à constater que les « secrets militaires » sont bien gardés. Toutefois, s’il apparaît légitime, même dans une société démocratique, de prévoir de tels dispositifs en vue de sauvegarder des intérêts fondamentaux de la nation dans les domaines de la défense, leur recours jugé parfois abusif n’est pas exempt de critique. Le droit s’est donc de plus en plus attaché à en circonscrire l’objet en cherchant à plus concilier les objectifs de liberté, de sécurité et de transparence, ce qui se matérialise notamment par l’instauration de contrôles.
Effectivité du droit à l’exécution forcée du créancier et silence des personnes légalement requises
Authors: Leborgne Anne 
Published: January 2016

Les procédures civiles d’exécution françaises, profondément réformées à la fin du xxe siècle et codifiées de manière autonome depuis 2012, réglementent les voies de droit permettant au créancier de contraindre son débiteur défaillant à exécuter ses obligations à son égard. S’il n’était pas interdit d’espérer une participation de ce débiteur à la mesure engagée, le silence de ce dernier ne pouvait pénaliser le créancier porteur d’un titre exécutoire, et c’est donc une collaboration active de tous les tiers que les auteurs de la réforme ont instaurée. Le silence de ces derniers, et spécialement celui des tiers entre les mains desquels une saisie est engagée, est ainsi sévèrement sanctionné.
Le silence au service de la production juridictionnelle du droit : méthodes et politiques des juridictions ordinaires françaises
Authors: Ricou Benjamin 
Published: January 2016

Bien qu’il intervienne dans un système légaliste, le juge ordinaire français dispose d’un pouvoir normatif important. Un tel pouvoir est légitimé par le silence du législateur : tout système juridique étant inévitablement lacunaire, le juge est contraint, pour éviter le déni de justice, de procéder au comblement des lacunes existantes malgré l’interdiction qui lui est faite de se prononcer par voie de disposition générale sur les causes qui lui sont soumises. La création juridictionnelle du droit se fait elle-même de façon plus ou moins silencieuse, qu’il s’agisse de combler une lacune ou non. Parfois mal à l’aise avec son pouvoir normatif, inquiet de trop empiéter sur les terres du législateur et soucieux d’une diffusion efficace de la règle, le juge utilise alors des méthodes et des politiques juridictionnelles de fabrication du droit plus ou moins silencieuses.
Étude pilote des effets du programme DéStresse et Progresse chez des élèves de 6e année du primaire intégrés dans une école secondaire
Authors: Plusquellec Pierrich , Trépanier Lyane , Juster Robert Paul , Marin Marie-France , Sindi Shireen , François Nathe , Wan Nathalie , Findlay Helen , Durand Nadia , Lupien Sonia 
Published: January 2016

Selon des études précédentes, l’événement que représente la transition du primaire au secondaire suscite une augmentation significative de cortisol (hormone de stress) chez les adolescents. Le programme DéStresse et Progresse est un programme de prévention du stress et de ses troubles associés, issu des travaux réalisés ces dernières années dans le domaine de la biologie du stress. Ce programme, testé et validé auprès d’adolescents en première année de l’école secondaire, a montré des effets significatifs sur le niveau de cortisol et sur le niveau de symptômes dépressifs des jeunes les plus à risque. La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer les effets du programme sur un groupe restreint de sujets vivant leur dernière année du primaire, mais dans une structure particulière, puisque ce groupe est déjà intégré à une école secondaire. Quarante-neuf sujets, répartis dans deux classes, ont donc participé à une étude selon un devis prétest / post-test à mesures répétées. Contrairement à ce qui était attendu, les résultats montrent une augmentation moyenne significative de cortisol salivaire au cours de notre étude, augmentation qui pourrait être attribuée à la transition précoce résultant de l’intégration de notre échantillon à l’école secondaire. Par contre, une amélioration des performances cognitives et de l’estime de soi ainsi qu’une diminution des symptômes dépressifs pour l’ensemble des élèves peuvent être suggérés à la suite du programme.
Les programmes préventifs en milieu scolaire auprès des enfants et des adolescents présentant de l’anxiété
Authors: Turgeon Lyse , Gosselin Marie-Joëlle 
Published: January 2016

L’objectif de cet article est de décrire les programmes de prévention de l’anxiété en milieu scolaire auprès des enfants et des adolescents. Nous rapportons d’abord quelques données sur l’épidémiologie des troubles anxieux, leurs conséquences et les coûts associés afin d’illustrer la pertinence d’intervenir de manière précoce. La section suivante présente le programme Coping Cat, qui a servi d’inspiration aux programmes de prévention. Nous distinguons ensuite les programmes de prévention en milieu scolaire selon leur nature : universelle, sélective et indiquée. L’accent est mis sur le programme FRIENDS, largement diffusé comme programme de prévention et reconnu par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé. Les résultats montrent de façon générale que les interventions sélectives et indiquées donnent des résultats plus importants, en particulier si elles sont animées par des spécialistes en santé mentale. Cependant, elles comportent certains désavantages, comme le fait de ne pas réussir à rejoindre les enfants qui pourraient le plus en bénéficier. Les programmes de prévention universelle rejoignent pour leur part tous les enfants et ils peuvent être implantés par les enseignantes. Les obstacles liés à l’implantation sont toutefois importants. La dernière partie de l’article contient quelques recommandations destinées à améliorer la prévention des troubles anxieux en milieu scolaire.
Ultrasound‐Guided Lower Cervical Nerve Root Injectate Volumes Associated With Dorsal Root Ganglion and Epidural Spread
Authors: Won Sun Jae , Rhee Won Ihl , Yoon Joon Shik , Lee U-Young , Ko Young Jin 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesWe aimed to estimate the spread of injections for ultrasound‐guided cervical nerve root blocks and to determine the optimal injectate volume required in this procedure.MethodsA total of 32 ultrasound‐guided injections (C5–C8) were made in 4 fresh cadavers. The target on each cervical root was the space between the posterior tubercle and the cervical root at the most proximal location possible on the sonogram. After ultrasound‐guided needle insertion, 0.5 mL of a contrast medium was injected 4 times. The dye flow patterns were confirmed with fluoroscopy each time, and we recorded whether the contrast medium reached the dorsal root ganglion level or the epidural space. After the injections, the needle tip location was determined by computed tomography and image reconstruction.ResultsAll injections produced typical neurograms. The contrast medium reached the dorsal root ganglion in 29 of 32 (90.6%) injections (mean ± SD, 0.84 ± 0.42 mL of contrast medium) and the epidural space in 10 of 32 (31.3%) injections (1.30 ± 0.54 mL of contrast medium). The mean distance between the needle tip and neural foramen was 9.64 ± 3.68 mm, and this distance correlated positively with the volume of contrast medium necessary to reach the dorsal root ganglion or the epidural space.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided cervical nerve root blocks show potential utility for targeting an anesthetic into the cervical root area. This study may be helpful for deciding the most appropriate volume for the procedure.
Renal Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Sidhar Kunal , McGahan John P. , Early Heather M. , Corwin Michael , Fananapazir Ghaneh , Gerscovich Eugenio O. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesPrior studies have demonstrated that approximately 10% of malignant renal cell carcinomas are as echogenic as angiomyolipomas on sonography. However, a recent presentation suggested that small (<1‐cm) echogenic renal masses are always angiomyolipomas or other benign entities. We therefore examined our own cases of renal cell carcinoma, with corresponding sonography, to confirm that some renal cell carcinomas may also be detected as hyperechoic masses on sonography.MethodsInstitutional Review Board approval and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance were maintained for this retrospective review of 91 pathologically proven cases of renal cell carcinoma, with corresponding sonography. Tumors were first differentiated by histologic cell type (clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe). Tumors were then stratified according to 2 size group parameters, falling into those that were 3 cm or larger and those that were smaller than 3 cm in diameter, with the less than 3‐cm group further subdivided into 2 cm or smaller and greater than 2 cm. Tumor echogenicity was graded on a 5‐point scale with respect to the renal parenchyma.ResultsForty‐six tumors (51%) were 3 cm in diameter or smaller, and most were found to be either isoechoic (35%) or mildly hyperechoic (26%) to the surrounding renal parenchyma. Of tumors smaller than 2 cm, most were either mildly hyperechoic (29%) or as hyperechoic as renal sinus fat (very hyperechoic; 29%). Tumors larger than 3 cm were found most often to be either isoechoic (49%) or mildly hyperechoic (33%), with only 4% found to be very hyperechoic.ConclusionsThe sonographic appearances of renal cell carcinomas include a small population that are very hyperechoic on sonography and thus could potentially be misdiagnosed as angiomyolipomas.
New insights into the tectonic inversion of North Canterbury and the regional structural context of the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence, New Zealand
Authors: Barnes Philip M. , Ghisetti Francesca C. , Gorman Andrew R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence highlighted the existence of previously unknown active faults beneath the North Canterbury plains and Pegasus Bay, South Island, New Zealand. We provide new insights into the geometry and kinematics of ongoing deformation by analyzing marine seismic data to produce new maps of regional faults and cross‐sectional reconstructions of deformation history. Active faulting and folding extends up to 30 km offshore, and involves reactivation of sets of Late Cretaceous‐Paleogene normal faults under NW‐SE tectonic compression. The active faults consist predominantly of NE‐SW striking, SE‐dipping reverse faults, and less commonly E‐W to NW‐SE faults suitably oriented for strike‐slip reactivation. Additionally, newly developing reverse faults obliquely segment and overprint the inherited basement fabric and impose geometric and kinematic complexities revealed by mapping and reverse displacement profiles of markers. The Quaternary reverse slip rates decrease from 0.1–0.3 mm/yr beneath northern Pegasus Bay to <0.05 mm/yr approaching Banks Peninsula. Fault growth modeling involving trishear fault‐propagation folding mechanisms successfully restores an evolutionary sequence of progressive fault inversion, revealing a history of reactivated individual faults. Tectonic inversion and overprinting processes beneath Pegasus Bay are immature and <1.2 ± 0.4 Ma old, with no evidence of systematic spatial migration of deformation. Our marine data analyses give insights into the structural context of the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence, while the combined onshore to offshore data provide an excellent illustration of fault growth associated with immature inversion tectonics, in which selective fault reactivation results from compressive stress imposed across a complex network of inherited faults.
Target Serum Urate: Do Gout Patients Know Their Goal?
Authors: Coburn Brian W. , Bendlin Kayli A. , Sayles Harlan , Hentzen Kathryn S. , Hrdy Michaela M. , Mikuls Ted R. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo examine gout patients’ knowledge of their condition, including the central role of achieving and maintaining the serum urate (SU) goal with the use of urate‐lowering therapy (ULT).MethodsThis study of 612 gout patients was conducted at a Veterans Affairs medical center. Gout patients were included based on administrative diagnostic codes and receipt of at least 1 allopurinol prescription over a 1‐year period. Questionnaires were mailed to patients and linked to medical records data. The questionnaire included gout‐specific knowledge questions, the Patient Activation Measure, and self‐reported health outcomes. Knowledge was assessed descriptively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of SU goal knowledge. Associations of knowledge with health outcomes were examined in exploratory analyses.ResultsThe questionnaire had a 62% response rate. Only 14% of patients knew their SU goal, while the majority answered correctly for the other 5 gout‐specific knowledge questions. In adjusted analyses, having a rheumatologist as initial prescriber (odds ratio [OR] 3.0 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.4–6.2]) and knowing all of the other 5 gout‐specific knowledge questions (OR 2.1 [95% CI 1.3–3.4]) were associated with greater odds of knowing the SU goal. SU goal knowledge was associated with self‐reported global health status, but not with self‐reported health‐related quality of life or gout‐specific health status.ConclusionThere is a knowledge deficit regarding the SU treatment goal among gout patients receiving ULT, despite generally high levels of other gout‐specific knowledge. SU goal information may be an important and underutilized concept among providers treating gout patients.
Remaining Pain in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated With Methotrexate
Authors: Altawil Reem , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Wedrén Sara , Alfredsson Lars , Klareskog Lars , Lampa Jon 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the frequency of remaining pain in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after 3 months of treatment with methotrexate as the only disease modifying antirheumatic drug, with a special focus on patients with a good clinical response.MethodsThe study base was cases reported to a population‐based early RA cohort who had followup data from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (n = 1,241). The Disease Activity Score in 28 joints European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria were used to evaluate clinical response to treatment as good, moderate, and no response. The primary end point was remaining pain at the 3‐months followup visit, defined as pain >20 mm on a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS).ResultsRemaining pain in spite of a EULAR good response at followup was associated with higher baseline disability, using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.2 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.4–3.4] per unit increase), and less baseline inflammation, using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (adjusted OR 0.81 [95% CI 0.70–0.93] per 10‐mm increase). Similar associations were detected for remaining pain at followup in spite of low inflammatory activity, defined as a C‐reactive protein level <10. Increase in VAS pain during the treatment period was observed in 19% of the whole cohort, with frequencies in the EULAR response groups of 9% (good response), 15% (moderate response), and 45% (no response).ConclusionThese results are in line with the hypothesis that a subgroup of early RA patients exhibits pain that is not inflammatory mediated, where alternative treatment strategies to traditional antiinflammatory medications need to be considered.
Is There a Dose‐Response Relationship Between Weight Loss and Symptom Improvement in Persons With Knee Osteoarthritis?
Authors: Atukorala Inoshi , Makovey Joanna , Lawler Luke , Messier Stephen P. , Bennell Kim , Hunter David J. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveWe examined the dose‐response relationship between weight reduction and pain/functional improvement in persons with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) participating in a community‐based weight loss program.MethodsConsecutive participants with KOA and enrolled in the 18‐week Osteoarthritis Healthy Weight for Life weight‐loss program were selected. In this completer‐type analysis, participants were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 18 weeks for body weight and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales. The dose‐response relationship between weight‐change categories (>10%, 7.6–10%, 5.1–7.5%, 2.6–5.0%, and <2.5% of body weight loss) and change in KOOS scores was assessed by repeated‐measures analysis of variance, controlling for sex and age, body mass index (BMI), and KOOS. The Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index function score derived from the KOOS was used to assess a meaningful clinical functional improvement.ResultsA total of 1,383 persons (71% females) were enrolled. Mean ± SD age, height, and weight were 64 ± 8.7 years, 1.66 ± 0.09 meters, and 95.1 ± 17.2 kg, respectively. Mean ± SD BMI was 34.4 ± 5.2 kg/m2 with 82% of participants obese at baseline. A total of 1,304 persons (94%) achieved a >2.5% reduction in body weight. There was a significant dose‐response relationship between all KOOS subscales and percentage of weight change across all weight‐change categories. Participants required ≥7.7% (95% confidence interval 5.2, 13.3) body weight loss to achieve a minimal clinically important improvement in function.ConclusionThere is a significant dose‐response relationship between percentage of weight loss and symptomatic improvement. This study confirms the feasibility of weight loss as a therapeutic intervention in KOA in a community‐based setting.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Chromones
Authors: Shen Chaoren , Li Wanfang , Yin Hongfei , Spannenberg Anke , Skrydstrup Troels , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn unexpected palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted chromones has been developed. Starting from 2‐bromofluorobenzenes and ketones, the corresponding chromones were produced in good yields. By control experiments, this transformation was found to proceed through a sequential carbonylation/Claisen–Hasse rearrangement/intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution approach (SNAr). More specifically, the reaction sequence started with a palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation of the ketone with o‐bromofluorobenzene to give the vinyl benzoates, which subsequently transformed into 1,3‐diketones via a Claisen–Hasse rearrangement. The final products were produced after an intramolecular SNAr reaction of the in situ formed 1,3‐diketone.magnified image