bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Senescent Syncytiotrophoblast Secretion During Early Onset Preeclampsia
Authors: Nonn Olivia , Debnath Olivia , Valdes Daniela S. , Sallinger Katja , Secener Ali Kerim , Fischer Cornelius , Tiesmeyer Sebastian , Nimo Jose , Kuenzer Thomas , Ulrich Juliane , Maxian Theresa , Knöfler Martin , Karau Philipp , Bartolomaeus Hendrik , Kroneis Thomas , Frolova Alina , Neuper Lena , Haase Nadine , Malt Alexander , Müller-Bötticher Niklas , Kräker Kristin , Kedziora Sarah , Forstner Désirée , Eils Roland , Schmidt-Ullrich Ruth , Haider Sandra , Verlohren Stefan , Stern Christina , Sugulle Meryam , Jones Stuart , Thilaganathan Basky , Kaitu’u-Lino Tu’uhevaha J. , Tong Stephen , Huppertz Berthold , El-Heliebi Amin , Staff Anne Cathrine , Coscia Fabian , Müller Dominik N. , Dechend Ralf , Gauster Martin , Ishaque Naveed , Herse Florian 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Preeclampsia is a severe hypertensive disorder in pregnancy that causes preterm delivery, maternal and fetal morbidity, mortality, and life-long sequelae. Understanding the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is a critical first step toward protecting mother and child from this syndrome and increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. However, effective early predictive tests and therapies for preeclampsia are scarce.

METHODS:
To identify novel markers and signaling pathways for early onset preeclampsia, we profiled human maternal-fetal interface units (fetal villi and maternal decidua) from early onset preeclampsia and healthy controls using single-nucleus RNA sequencing combined with spatial transcriptomics. The placental syncytiotrophoblast is in direct contact with maternal blood and forms the barrier between fetal and maternal circulation.

RESULTS:
We identified different transcriptomic states of the endocrine syncytiotrophoblast nuclei with patterns of dysregulation associated with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype and a spatial dysregulation of senescence in the placental trophoblast layer. Elevated senescence markers were validated in placental tissues of clinical multicenter cohorts. Importantly, several secreted senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors were elevated in maternal blood already in the first trimester. We verified the secreted senescence markers, PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1) and activin A, as identified in our single-nucleus RNA sequencing model as predictive markers before clinical preeclampsia diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS:
This indicates that increased syncytiotrophoblast senescence appears weeks before clinical manifestation of early onset preeclampsia, suggesting that the dysregulated preeclamptic placenta starts with higher cell maturation resulting in premature and increased senescence-associated secretory phenotype release. These senescence-associated secretory phenotype markers may serve as an additional early diagnostic tool for this syndrome.
Female-led teams produce more innovative ideas yet receive less scientific impact
Authors: Yang Alex J. , Ding Ying , Liu Meijun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Despite long-standing concerns about gender bias in science, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the performance of female scientists as team leaders compared to their male counterparts. This study explores differences between female-led and male-led teams in terms of scientific impact, novelty, and disruption, utilizing a comprehensive data set of journal articles spanning from 1980 to 2016 across STEM fields. We employed Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) to match female and male scientists based on their characteristics. Subsequently, we applied multivariable logistic regression models to compare the outcomes of journal articles produced by female-led and male-led teams. Our analysis reveals that female-led teams generate more novel and disruptive ideas. However, they tend to produce articles with less scientific impact compared to their male-led counterparts. This suggests a systemic undervaluation of the contributions of female scientists. Further analysis indicates that this gender bias intensifies in later career stages and with larger team sizes. Additionally, significant field-specific heterogeneity is observed, with the most pronounced bias found in Biology and Medicine. These findings highlight the urgent need for policy adjustments to address these biases and promote a more equitable evaluation system in scientific research.
Remembering the Disremembered
Authors: Asempasah Rogers , Arthur Samuel Papa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article reads Abubakar Ibrahim’s short story “The Book of Remembered Things” as an anti-jihadist narrative that meditates on the traumatic effects of violent jihadism on the postcolonial Muslim domestic space and a counternarrative to the dominant body of Western fictional responses to the 9/11 terror attacks. Situated at the intersection of Spivak’s “Can the Subaltern Speak?” and postcolonial trauma theory, the article argues that Ibrahim mourns and remembers the traumas of the disremembered postcolonial subaltern African Muslim woman elided in the dominant discourses on the WoT and also subtly critiques fundamentalists ideologies like Boko Haram. Ibrahim shows that Jihadists’ quest for an Islamic theocracy or caliphate is doomed to fail because it revolves around a sacrificial structure wherein the Muslin woman is sacrificed on the altar of ideological incoherence. By focusing on the nexus between WoT and gendered trauma, the article explores how Ibrahim reclaims the subaltern woman’s voice in the wake of violent jihadism.
Water-Energy-Food Communities in South Africa
Authors: Viljoen Germarié , Mauger Romain , Mugadza Alois , Rantlo John , du Plessis Willemien 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
South Africa faces significant challenges concerning the scarcity and unequal distribution of water, energy and food resources. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 underscores the importance of social justice and mandates collaboration among all levels of government and state entities. To effectively address the interconnected nature of these resources, a collaborative governance approach is necessary. This article introduces the concept of ‘Water-Energy-Food (wef) communities’, a concept not currently recognised in South African law, drawing inspiration from the European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive (res-Directive) of 2018 and the Electricity Market Directive (E-Directive) of 2019 that introduced the concept of ‘energy communities’. wef communities, operating at the local level, could integrate improved governance and decision-making in the water, energy, and food sectors, thereby advancing social justice in local communities. The article compares existing multi-actor governance instruments in South African law and uses the EU law as learning points for the establishment of wef communities as opposed to energy communities that focus on one determinant only. Although the current South African multi-actor governance instruments do not explicitly address an integrated wef governance approach, they may serve as a basis for proposing framework rules to establish wef communities, highlighting their potential to achieve social justice goals in relation to their access to water, energy and food. The article proposes rules for the potential establishment of wef communities, taking learning points from the EU directives as well as existing South African instruments.
Support Carbon Neutral Goal with a High-Resolution Carbon Monitoring System in Beijing
Authors: Han Pengfei , Yao Bo , Cai Qixiang , Chen Huilin , Sun Wanqi , Liang Miao , Zhang Xingying , Zhao Meng , Martin Cory , Liu Zhiqiang , Ye Hanhan , Wang Pucai , Li Yanxia , Zeng Ning 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
China has committed to peak its carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060, known as the dual carbon goals (DCGs). To support the DCG, monitoring and assessment of progresses in emissions reduction have become a central research focus. Here, we describe the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (JJJ) carbon monitoring system, established over the last 6 years through a collaborative effort of 16 research institutions and universities. The monitoring capability includes ground-based high-precision reference stations, a dense network of medium-accuracy low-cost sensors, carbon satellites, vertical profile samplers, and mobile platforms. Observations using the network have shown CO2 variations from diurnal-, synoptic- to seasonal-interannual time scales, as well as dramatic on-road changes during the COVID-19 lockdown. High-resolution modeling and data assimilation at kilometer scale reveal major deficiencies in global carbon emission datasets at regional/city scale. The inversion found the total fossil fuel CO2 emissions of the City of Beijing to be 117 megatonne (Mt) but much lower than the national-databased inventories (152 MtCO2). The results have been used in emission assessment by national and local environmental protection agencies. Similar systems are now being developed in other Chinese cities.
Reasons for Different Predictability of Tropical Cyclone Tracks in the Western North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
Authors: Ye Yiwei , Zhou Feifan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recent several studies have focused on the predictability of tropical cyclone track forecast. As a response to the question issued by Landsea and Cangialosi about whether “the approaching limit of predictability for tropical cyclone (TC) track prediction is near or has already been reached,” Zhou and Toth (hereafter ZT20) and Yu et al. (hereafter Y22) have found that the limit of predictability for TC track prediction has not been reached in both the Atlantic (ATL) and western North Pacific (WNP) basins. However, the predictabilities are different in the two basins, as ZT20 found that 1 day’s improvement can be obtained through 10 years in ATL, while Y22 found that 2 days’ improvement can be obtained through 15 years in WNP. To reveal the causes of this difference, the predictability of TC track in WNP is first investigated under the same framework as ZT20. Then, important parameters that determine the predictabilities are found and analyzed. Results suggested that the growth rate of true track forecast error in WNP is higher than that in ATL, indicating a lower predictability in WNP. Further explorations suggested that TCs in the WNP basin have averagely larger sizes, stronger intensities, lower-latitude locations, and poorer forecast skills of their guided flows. All these factors contribute to the larger track forecast error growth rate. Moreover, it is pointed out that the improvement of forecast skills over years is mainly due to the reduction in initial analysis errors; although a lower predictability is found in WNP, the forecast skill improvement in WNP is faster than that in ATL.
Reconstructing the Ocean State Using Argo Data and a Data-Driven Method
Authors: Oulhen Erwan , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Tandeo Pierre , Blanke Bruno , Sévellec Florian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Over the past two decades, Argo profiles have provided unprecedented insight into the global patterns of space and time variability of ocean temperature and salinity, significantly reducing associated uncertainties. However, analyzing such assessments during the pre-Argo period remains challenging due to the scarcity of observations in many regions. From the Argo period, a set of dominant three-dimensional patterns can be estimated using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, which helps to fill in observational gaps. From the associated principal components, temporal fluctuations can be observed, aiming to build a catalog of possible ocean state trajectories. To map pre-Argo observations, EOFs are used in a data assimilation framework that uses this catalog to feed an analog prediction and provide reanalysis. In this study, a new data-driven interpolation method called Reduced-Space Analog Data Assimilation (RedAnDA) was tested in the tropical Pacific Ocean. RedAnDA was first validated through an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) approach, using synthetic observations extracted from a model simulation. It was subsequently applied to a real historical dataset and compared with other available reanalysis products. Overall, the reconstructed temperature field showed variability consistent with the OSSE true field and other reanalysis products in the real data application. Further improvements are needed to optimally estimate uncertainty, but RedAnDA already combines valuable information about state predictability, observational sampling, and unresolved scale issues.
Climatology of Atmospheric Unstable Layers Revisited: A Corrigendum
Authors: Geller Marvin A. , Wang Ling , Love Peter T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We have published a recent paper on differences between temperature fluctuations of various vertical scales in raw and processed U.S. high vertical resolution radiosonde data (HVRRD). In that paper, we note that the small-scale temperature fluctuations in the raw U.S. HVRRD are significantly larger than those in the processed U.S. HVRRD and that those small-scale temperature fluctuations are much larger during daytime that during nighttime. We believe that this is due to the varying amount of solar radiation falling on the radiosonde temperature sensor as the radiosonde instrument swings and rotates. In light of these new results, we present revisions to some of our conclusions about the climatology of atmospheric unstable layers. When we repeat our calculations of atmospheric unstable layers using the processed U.S. HVRRD, we find the following. 1) The 0000/1200 UTC differences in unstable layer occurrences in the lower stratosphere that were noted in our earlier paper essentially disappear. 2) The “notch” in the deep tropics where there is a relative deficiency of thin unstable layers and a corresponding excess of thicker layers is still a feature when processed data are analyzed, but the daytime notch is less marked when the processed data were used. 3) The discontinuity in unstable layer occurrences, when there was a change in radiosonde instrumentation, is still present when processed data are analyzed, but is diminished from what it was when the raw data were analyzed.

Significance Statement
In a previous paper deriving the climatology of atmospheric unstable layers, we emphasized several findings. We reexamine three of the main points of that paper when processed U.S. high vertical resolution radiosonde data are analyzed instead of the raw data used in that previous paper. We find the 0000/1200 UTC differences virtually disappear in the new analysis. We find that the “notch” feature previously noted at Koror still exists, and we find that the discontinuity in unstable layers, when radiosonde instrumentation is changed, is diminished, but is still present in the new analysis.
Application of surface Plasmon resonance imaging in the high-throughput detection of influenza virus
Authors: Zhang Haixiang , Sun Jingying , Guo Chunyan , Feng Qing , Li Yan , Zhao Xiangrong , Sun Lijun , Xu Cuixiang 
Published: October 2024

Objective To evaluate the application effect of SPRi monoclonal antibody (mAb) chip in the detection of influenza virus antigen in complex mixtures. Methods A total of 115 strains of mAbs against different subtypes (H1N1, H5N1, A1, A3, B, H7N9, H9N2, and H3N2) of influenza virus were prepared. The chip of mAbs against influenza virus was prepared by surface plasmonic resonance imaging (SPRi) technology, which was used for the detection of influenza virus supernatant, and compared with the traditional antigen capture ELISA method. Results Comparative studies have shown that traditional antigen capture ELISA methods have a higher sensitivity (86.8% (46/53) vs. 46.5% (46/99); z = 4.84, P < .001), while the SPRi chip methods present a significantly higher specificity (56.3% (9/16) vs. 14.5% (9/62); z = 3.54, P < .001). The SPRi chip detection method for influenza virus antibodies can well reflect the specific binding characteristics of influenza virus antigens and antibodies. Conclusion The SPRi mAb chip can be used for the detection of specific pathogenic microorganisms or viral proteins in complex mixtures such as influenza virus supernatant. It has significant advantages of label free, real-time, high-throughput, and good specificity, and can play an important role in disease diagnosis and infectious disease prevention and control.
An Approach for Combining Clinical Judgment with Machine Learning to Inform Medical Decision Making: Analysis of Nonemergency Surgery Strategies for Acute Appendicitis in Patients with Multiple Long-Term Conditions
Authors: Moler-Zapata S. , Hutchings A. , Grieve R. , Hinchliffe R. , Smart N. , Moonesinghe S. R. , Bellingan G. , Vohra R. , Moug S. , O’Neill S. 
Published: October 2024

Background Machine learning (ML) methods can identify complex patterns of treatment effect heterogeneity. However, before ML can help to personalize decision making, transparent approaches must be developed that draw on clinical judgment. We develop an approach that combines clinical judgment with ML to generate appropriate comparative effectiveness evidence for informing decision making. Methods We motivate this approach in evaluating the effectiveness of nonemergency surgery (NES) strategies, such as antibiotic therapy, for people with acute appendicitis who have multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) compared with emergency surgery (ES). Our 4-stage approach 1) draws on clinical judgment about which patient characteristics and morbidities modify the relative effectiveness of NES; 2) selects additional covariates from a high-dimensional covariate space ( P > 500) by applying an ML approach, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), to large-scale administrative data ( N = 24,312); 3) generates estimates of comparative effectiveness for relevant subgroups; and 4) presents evidence in a suitable form for decision making. Results This approach provides useful evidence for clinically relevant subgroups. We found that overall NES strategies led to increases in the mean number of days alive and out-of-hospital compared with ES, but estimates differed across subgroups, ranging from 21.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.8 to 40.5) for patients with chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease to −10.4 (−29.8 to 9.1) for patients with cancer and hypertension. Our interactive tool for visualizing ML output allows for findings to be customized according to the specific needs of the clinical decision maker. Conclusions This principled approach of combining clinical judgment with an ML approach can improve trust, relevance, and usefulness of the evidence generated for clinical decision making. Highlights Machine learning (ML) methods have many potential applications in medical decision making, but the lack of model interpretability and usability constitutes an important barrier for the wider adoption of ML evidence in practice. We develop a 4-stage approach for integrating clinical judgment into the way an ML approach is used to estimate and report comparative effectiveness. We illustrate the approach in undertaking an evaluation of nonemergency surgery (NES) strategies for acute appendicitis in patients with multiple long-term conditions and find that NES strategies lead to better outcomes compared with emergency surgery and that the effects differ across subgroups. We develop an interactive tool for visualizing the results of this study that allows findings to be customized according to the user’s preferences.
Circumferential Labral Reconstruction With Knotless All-Suture Anchors Restores Hip Distractive Stability: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Analysis
Authors: Lall Ajay C. , Smith Benjamin L. , Kahana-Rojkind Ady H. , Khoury Anthony N. , Wijdicks Coen A. , Domb Benjamin G. 
Published: October 2024

Background: The essential component of managing femoroacetabular impingement involves restoration of the original labral function. Circumferential labral reconstruction (CLR) has shown positive results. However, biomechanical studies of CLR are limited and have not established the efficacy of the modern knotless all-suture anchor (ASA) pull-through technique. Hypotheses: (1) CLR with knotless ASA fixation will restore native labral suction seal biomechanics; (2) tensioning the ASA to a high-tension state will increase the peak distractive force. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight fresh-frozen human cadaveric hips were dissected free of all soft tissue except the native labrum and transverse acetabular ligament. On an electromechanical testing system, the hips were compressively loaded to 250 N to initiate a suction seal and distracted at a rate of 10 mm/s until rupture of the suction seal. Hips were tested in 4 states: intact labrum, full labral removal, knotless CLR with moderate anchor tension, and CLR with high anchor tension. Peak distractive force (in newtons) was compared using repeated measures analysis of variance ( P < .05). Acetabular bevel angles (θ) were measured at labral clockface positions outside the transverse acetabular ligament using a 3-dimensional digitizer stylus after rim preparation. Linear regression plots compared θ and peak distractive force in the CLR state. Results: Peak force values were 138.5 ± 13.6 N (mean ± SE) for the intact labrum, 18.4 ± 2.79 N for labral excision, 95.4 ± 23.3 N for moderate-tension CLR, and 126.2 ± 27.3 N for high-tension CLR. Significant differences were observed only when full labral removal was compared with the other conditions: intact ( P < .001), moderate-tension CLR ( P = .016), and high-tension CLR ( P = .002). Steeper acetabular bevel angles (smaller θ) were correlated with greater suction seal restoration ( P < .05). Conclusion: CLR restored distractive stability on average to 82.0% of the intact value after labral deficiency. Retensioning did not significantly increase peak distractive forces. Clinical Relevance: These findings provide biomechanical validation supporting CLR using knotless ASAs in an effort to minimize volumetric bone loss and provide other surgical advantages. The prepared rim's bevel angle may be an important variable to optimize for improved suction seal restoration.
The Experience of Birth Professionals Who Witness Obstetric Violence During Childbirth
Authors: Snyder Simone 
Published: October 2024

Research The experience of obstetric violence is well documented. However, the impact on and experience of doulas and midwives who witness OV deserves more attention. The research questions that guided this study were: What types of harm are doulas and midwives witnessing, what factors influence their decision to intervene, and what impact does this experience have on their professional career and well-being? Methods This exploratory study used semi-structured qualitative interviews to understand how doulas and midwives navigate the experience of witnessing OV. The data analysis included reflexive thematic analysis. Feminist standpoint theory was employed to center the lived experiences of women and other individuals from marginalized groups in the research and in the knowledge acquisition process. Key contributions This study found that independent birth professionals like doulas and midwives are struggling with how to navigate their roles in the obstetric system. They find creative ways to advocate yet are often met with mistreatment themselves. This work is a call to action to the field of social work to engage in issues related to perinatal health and reproductive justice.