bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference ranges of handgrip strength from 125,462 healthy adults in 21 countries: a prospective urban rural epidemiologic (PURE) study
Authors: Leong Darryl P. , Teo Koon K. , Rangarajan Sumathy , Kutty V. Raman , Lanas Fernando , Hui Chen , Quanyong Xiang , Zhenzhen Qian , Jinhua Tang , Noorhassim Ismail , AlHabib Khalid F , Moss Sarah J. , Rosengren Annika , Akalin Ayse Arzu , Rahman Omar , Chifamba Jephat , Orlandini Andrés , Kumar Rajesh , Yeates Karen , Gupta Rajeev , Yusufali Afzalhussein , Dans Antonio , Avezum Álvaro , Lopez‐Jaramillo Patricio , Poirier Paul , Heidari Hosein , Zatonska Katarzyna , Iqbal Romaina , Khatib Rasha , Yusuf Salim 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe measurement of handgrip strength (HGS) has prognostic value with respect to all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular disease, and is an important part of the evaluation of frailty. Published reference ranges for HGS are mostly derived from Caucasian populations in high‐income countries. There is a paucity of information on normative HGS values in non‐Caucasian populations from low‐ or middle‐income countries. The objective of this study was to develop reference HGS ranges for healthy adults from a broad range of ethnicities and socioeconomically diverse geographic regions.MethodsHGS was measured using a Jamar dynamometer in 125,462 healthy adults aged 35‐70 years from 21 countries in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.ResultsHGS values differed among individuals from different geographic regions. HGS values were highest among those from Europe/North America, lowest among those from South Asia, South East Asia and Africa, and intermediate among those from China, South America, and the Middle East. Reference ranges stratified by geographic region, age, and sex are presented. These ranges varied from a median (25th–75th percentile) 50 kg (43–56 kg) in men <40 years from Europe/North America to 18 kg (14–20 kg) in women >60 years from South East Asia. Reference ranges by ethnicity and body‐mass index are also reported.ConclusionsIndividual HGS measurements should be interpreted using region/ethnic‐specific reference ranges.
Mass transfer and equilibrium characteristics of defluorination from groundwater by emulsion liquid membrane
Authors: Ye Changwen , Sun Youhong , Pei Xiangjun , Sun Jin , Wu Yang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe defluorination of fluoride contaminated groundwater by emulsion liquid membrane using primary amine LK‐N21 as fluoride carrier and Span 80 as surfactant has been investigated.RESULTSThe purification process comprised preparation of W/O emulsion, extraction and demulsification operations. The transport mechanism of fluoride by emulsion liquid membrane using primary amine LK‐N21 as fluoride carrier was determined. The extraction conditions, i.e. surfactant and carrier concentration, type and concentration of precipitant, emulsification time and speed, volume ratio of internal phase to organic membrane phase, external phase pH and volume ratio of external phase to W/O emulsion for purification of the fluoride contaminated groundwater were studied.CONCLUSIONSThe treated natural groundwater samples finally were found to have been treated with high extraction efficiency, thus meeting the limiting values of the quality standard of class II for groundwater in China. Equilibrium extraction correlation was found to represent well the fluorine equilibrium relation in the emulsion membrane extraction system from the experimental data. Optimization of the purification conditions and system enabled realization of the practical defluorination needs for fluoride contaminated groundwater. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Allocation and dynamics of C and N within plant–soil system of ash and beech
Authors: Sommer Janine , Dippold Michaela A. , Flessa Heinz , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: April 2016

AbstractForest management requires a profound understanding of how tree species affect C and N cycles in ecosystems. The large C and N stocks in forest soils complicate research on the effects of tree species on C and N pools. In‐situ 13C and 15N labeling in undisturbed, natural forests enable not only tracing of C and N fluxes, but also reveal insight into the interactions at the plant‐soil‐atmosphere interface. In‐situ dual 13C and 15N pulse labeling of 20 beeches (Fagus sylvatica L.) and 20 ashes (Fraxinus excelsior L.) allowed tracing the fate of assimilated C and N in trees and soils in an unmanaged forest system in the Hainich National Park (Germany). Leaf, stem, root, and soil samples as well as microbial biomass were analyzed to quantify the allocation of 13C and 15N for 60 d after labeling and along spatial gradients in the soil with increasing distance from the stem. For trees of similar heights (≈ 4 m), beech (20%) assimilated twice as much as ash (9%) of the applied 13CO2, but beech and ash incorporated similar 15N amounts (45%) into leaves. The photosynthates were transported belowground through the phloem more rapidly in beech than in ash. Ash preferentially accumulated 15N and 13C in the roots. In contrast, beech released more of this initially assimilated 13C (2.0% relative 13C allocation) and 15N (0.1% relative 15N allocation) via rhizodeposition into the soil than ash (0.2% relative 13C, 0.04% relative 15N allocation), which was also subsequently recovered in microbial biomass. These results on C and N partitioning contribute to an improved understanding of the effects of European beech and ash on the C and N cycles in deciduous broad‐leaved forest. Differences in C and N allocation patterns between ash and beech are one mechanism of niche differentiation in forests containing both species.
Usage and monitoring of intravenous tobramycin in cystic fibrosis in Australia and the UK
Authors: Paviour Sophie , Hennig Stefanie , Staatz Christine E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAim: To characterise usage and monitoring of intravenous tobramycin in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in Australia and the UK.Methods: An anonymous, online survey of healthcare professionals caring for CF patients was conducted. Survey questions were designed to obtain information on tobramycin dosing, therapeutic drug monitoring and toxicity monitoring.Results: The survey was sent to pharmacists and clinicians in 73 CF centres. Responses were received from 32 and 40 healthcare professionals, from Australia and the UK, respectively. Once‐daily dosing of tobramycin was the preferred administration regimen for 93.8 and 67.5% of participants in Australia and the UK, respectively. Among them 68.8% of Australian and 55% of UK participants initiated tobramycin therapy at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day or greater. Australian participants most commonly adjusted tobramycin dosage using log‐linear regression analysis (40.6%) or trough measurements (28.1%). UK participants most commonly adjusted tobramycin dosage using trough (55%) or peak and trough measurements (37.5%). In 90.6% of Australian and 95% of UK participants practices, serum creatinine was routinely monitored during admission. Standard pure tone audiometry was performed by 15.6% of Australian and 17.5% of UK participants and high‐frequency pure tone audiometry was performed by 15.6% of Australian and 10% of UK participants, once or twice a year.Conclusions: Many discrepancies exist between Australia and the UK and within each country with respect to monitoring of intravenous tobramycin in CF patients. Greater ototoxicity monitoring is likely necessary in both countries. Further education of health professionals about the existence of national guidelines and guidance on how they can be applied in practice is likely required.
Antibiotic antics – audit of compliance with Antibiotic Therapeutic Guidelines in older patients
Authors: Xiao Diane , McMullen Danielle , Ingham Nicholas , Beveridge Alexander , Ní Chróinín Danielle 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate antibiotic stewardship is of great importance given increasingly high rates of microbial antibiotic resistance and the vulnerability of older persons to adverse drug effects.AimTo assess prescriber compliance with Antibiotic Therapeutic Guidelines when prescribing for older patients admitted to our geriatric service, and if deficits were identified in the initial audit, to conduct an educational intervention, with re‐audit planned thereafter.MethodPatients admitted to our geriatric Medical Admissions Unit (MAU) and treated with antibiotics for infection (confirmed or presumed) were prospectively audited (August–October 2013). Demographic details, antibiotics treatment, microbiology culture and sensitivities, and prescribing teams were recorded. Following educational intervention, MAU admissions were re‐audit (January 2014).ResultsInitial (electronic) Therapeutic Guidelines (eTG) compliance for both audits was similar with no statistical significance (15%). Compliance rates ‘at any stage of admission’ was also not statistically significantly different 43% in 2013, 54% in 2014 (p = 0.81). There was no association between the team initiating therapy (emergency vs medical team) and compliance.ConclusionRates of compliance with eTG are suboptimal in our institution. Furthermore, the brief, targeted educational intervention was not effective and further exploration of means to improve antibiotic compliance is needed.
Silicon multi‐meta‐holograms for the broadband visible light
Authors: Huang Kun , Dong Zhaogang , Mei Shengtao , Zhang Lei , Liu Yanjun , Liu Hong , Zhu Haibin , Teng Jinghua , Luk'yanchuk Boris , Yang Joel K.W. , Qiu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe dielectric metasurface hologram promises higher efficiencies due to lower absorption than its plasmonic counterpart. However, it has only been used, up to now, for controlling linear‐polarization photons to form single‐plane holographic images in the near‐infrared region. Here, we report a transmission‐type metahologram achieving images in three colors, free from high‐order diffraction and twin‐image issues, with 8‐level modulation of geometric phase by controlling photon spin via precisely patterned Si nanostructures with varying orientations. The resulting real and virtual holographic images with spin dependence of incident photons natively enable the spin degeneracy removal of light, leading to a metahologram‐enabled spin Hall effect of light. Low‐absorption dielectrics also enable us to create holograms for short‐wavelength light down to 480 nm, thus spanning the three primary colors. It possesses the potential for compact color‐display chips using mature semiconductor processes, and holds significant advantages over previous metaholograms operating at longer wavelengths.
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Internet traffic classification based on flows' statistical properties with machine learning
Authors: Vlăduţu Alina , Comăneci Dragoş , Dobre Ciprian 
Published: April 2016

SummaryMachine learning has recently entered the area of network traffic classification as an alternative to the deep packet inspection technique. It provides both unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms that are capable to put aside similar types of traffic or recognize Internet protocols based on some training, pre‐labeled samples. The current work proposes a new approach in the area of network traffic classification using machine learning. First, we extract the unidirectional and bidirectional flows from a traffic capture. A flow is a collection of packets that share sender and receiver IP address and port. Second, we select relevant statistical properties of these flows and use an unsupervised learning mechanism to group flows into clusters based on the similarities. Eventually, we use this classification as training input for a supervised learning engine that will have to properly determine the class of new, unseen traffic flows. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unmet needs of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma survivors in Korea: prevalence, correlates, and associations with health‐related quality of life
Authors: Kim Soo Hyun , Lee Suyeon , Kim So Hee , Ok Oh Nam , Kim Im‐Ryung , Choi Eunju , Kang Yoon‐Koo , Kim Seok Jin , Lee Moon Hee 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to describe the prevalence and correlates of unmet needs among non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) survivors in Korea and to identify their association with health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).MethodsParticipants were 826 NHL survivors from three hospitals in South Korea diagnosed at least 24 months prior to participating (mean, 6.3 years; range, 2.1–20.9 years). We used self‐reported questionnaires, including the Need Scale for Cancer Patients Undergoing Follow‐up Care (NS‐C) developed in Korea and the EORTC QLQ‐C30. We defined an unmet need as a moderate to high level of unmet need in the NS‐C response scale.ResultsAmong six domains, unmet need prevalence ranged from 1.7% to 38.3%. Most commonly reported domains with unmet needs were ‘treatment and prognosis’ (38.3%) and ‘keeping mind under control’ (30.5%). The three most frequently reported individual unmet needs were ‘being informed about prevention of recurrence’ (50.7%), ‘being informed about prevention of metastasis’ (49.7%), and ‘having self‐confidence of overcoming cancer’ (42.7%). Multivariate logistic analyses revealed that younger age, being unmarried, and low monthly income were associated with unmet needs of multiple domains. Participants with unmet needs demonstrated significantly poorer HRQOL, and the most clinically meaningful differences were found in social function and emotional function.ConclusionsKorean NHL survivors have substantial unmet needs, especially those who are younger, unmarried, and have a lower income. Initiating supportive care programs for meeting unmet needs may enhance their HRQOL. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concordance between bronchial hyperresponsiveness, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and asthma control in children
Authors: Thomas Biju , Chay Oh Moh , Allen John C. , Chiang Andrea Shu Xian , Pugalenthi Arun , Goh Anne , Wong Petrina , Teo Ai Huay , Tan Soh Gin , Teoh Oon Hoe 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackgroundPrevious studies on association between level of asthma control, markers of airway inflammation and the degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) have yielded conflicting results. Our aim was to determine the presence and severity of BHR and the concordance between BHR, asthma control, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in children with asthma on therapy.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional observational study, children (aged 6–18 years) with asthma on British Thoracic Society (BTS) treatment steps 2 or 3, underwent comprehensive assessment of their asthma control (clinical assessment, spirometry, asthma control test [ACT], Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire [PAQLQ]), measurement of FeNO and BHR (using mannitol dry powder bronchial challenge test [MCT], Aridol™, Pharmaxis, Australia).ResultsFifty‐seven children (63% male) were studied. Twenty‐seven children were on BTS treatment step 2 and 30 were on step 3. Overall, 25 out of 57 (43.8%) children had positive MCT. Of note, 9 out of 27 (33.3%) children with clinically controlled asthma had positive MCT. Analyses of pair‐wise agreement between MCT (positive or negative), FeNO (>25 or ≤25 ppb) and clinical assessment of asthma control (controlled or partially controlled/uncontrolled) showed poor agreement between these measures.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of children with asthma have persistent BHR despite good clinical control. The concordance between clinical assessment of asthma control, BHR and FeNO was observed to be poor. Our findings raise concerns in the context of emerging evidence for the role of bronchoconstriction in inducing epithelial stress that may drive airway remodeling in asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1004–1009. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Band alignment and defect states in amorphous GaInZnO thin films grown on SiO2/Si substrates
Authors: Heo Sung , Chung JaeGwan , Lee Jae Cheol , Song Taewon , Kim Seong Heon , Yun Dong‐Jin , Lee Hyung Ik , Kim KiHong , Park Gyeong Su , Oh Jong Soo , Kwak Dong Wook , Lee DongWha , Cho Hoon Young , Tahi Dahlang , Kang Hee Jae , Choi Byoung‐Deog 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe band alignment and defect states of GaInZnO thin films grown on SiO2/Si via radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering were investigated by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy, thermally stimulated exo‐electron emission and photo‐induced current transient spectroscopy.The band gap via reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy was 3.2 eV. The defect states via photo‐induced current transient spectroscopy and thermally stimulated exo‐electron emission were at 0.24, 0.53, 1.69 and 2.01 eV below the conduction band minimum of GIZO thin films, respectively. The defect states at 0.24 and 0.53 eV are related to the field‐effect mobility, and the defect stated at 1.69 and 2.01 eV is related to the oxygen vacancy defect. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ST8SIA4-Dependent Polysialylation is Part of a Developmental Program Required for Germ Layer Formation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Berger Ryan P. , Sun Yu Hua , Kulik Michael , Lee Jin Kyu , Nairn Alison V. , Moremen Kelley W. , Pierce Michael , Dalton Stephen 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate polymer of repeating α-2,8 sialic acid residues that decorates multiple targets, including neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). PST and STX encode the two enzymes responsible for PSA modification of target proteins in mammalian cells, but despite widespread polysialylation in embryonic development, the majority of studies have focused strictly on the role of PSA in neurogenesis. Using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), we have revisited the developmental role of PST and STX and show that early progenitors of the three embryonic germ layers are polysialylated on their cell surface. Changes in polysialylation can be attributed to lineage-specific expression of polysialyltransferase genes; PST is elevated in endoderm and mesoderm, while STX is elevated in ectoderm. In hPSCs, PST and STX genes are epigenetically marked by overlapping domains of H3K27 and H3K4 trimethylation, indicating that they are held in a “developmentally-primed” state. Activation of PST transcription during early mesendoderm differentiation is under control of the T-Goosecoid transcription factor network, a key regulatory axis required for early cell fate decisions in the vertebrate embryo. This establishes polysialyltransferase genes as part of a developmental program associated with germ layer establishment. Finally, we show by shRNA knockdown and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing that PST-dependent cell surface polysialylation is essential for endoderm specification. This is the first report to demonstrate a role for a glycosyltransferase in hPSC lineage specification.
Tetranuclear Complexes with {M4O4} (M = CoII, NiII) Cubane‐Like Core: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Wang Yingying , Ma Yequn , Liu Rui , Yang Lulu , Tian Guangru , Sheng Ning 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTwo tetranuclear clusters of formula [M4L4(HOMe)4] {H2L = (E)‐1‐[(2‐(hydroxymethyl)phenylimino)methyl]naphthalen‐2‐ol} [M = Co (1), Ni (2)] were hydrothermally synthesized by reaction of M(OAc)2·4H2O with H2L and NaOH in MeOH. X‐ray crystal structure analysis revealed that complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural. In the core of the structures, four MII ions and four oxygen atoms occupied alternate vertices of [M4O4] cubane. The magnetic property measurements of 1 and 2 revealed that overall ferromagnetic MII···MII exchange interactions exist in both complexes.
Effect of lecithin on oxidative stress in an experimental model of rats colitis induced by acetic acid
Authors: Colares Josieli Raskopf , Schemitt Elizângela Gonçalves , Hartmann Renata Minuzzo , Moura Rosa Maria , Morgan-Martins Maria Isabel , Fillmann Henrique Sarubbi , Fillmann Lúcio , Marroni Norma Possa 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease that affects the bowels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the progress of UC.Objective Evaluate the antioxidant effect of lecithin in an experimental model of acute UC induced by administration of acetic acid (AA) in rats.Methods Lecithin (0.5 mL/kg/day) administered orally 2 days before and after induction of colitis with 4% AA in a volume of 4 mL. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided in 5 groups: control (CO); control + lecithin (CO + LE); colitis (CL); colitis + lecithin (CL + LE); lecithin + colitis (LE + CL). Anal sphincter pressure, LPO (TBARS), and antioxidant activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured, and a histological analysis with H&E was performed.Results and discussion Anal sphincter pressure was significantly smaller in the CO group, lecithin treatment increased it in pre- and post-treated groups. LPO and SOD activity were increased in the CO group and decreased in the lecithin-treated groups. CAT activity was increased in CO group and decreased in lecithin groups. The histological analysis showed damage to the bowels with destruction of crypts, edema, and inflammatory infiltrate. Use of lecithin preserved the crypts and decreased the edema.Conclusion Ulcerative colitis increased lipid peroxidation, and the use of lecithin was effective reducing damage to the bowels in the model of experimental colitis.
Perianal abscess: a descriptive analysis of cases treated at the Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo
Authors: Neto Isaac José Felippe Corrêa , Wercka Janaína , Cecchinni Angelo Rossi Silva , Lopes Eduardo Augusto , Watté Hugo Henriques , Souza Rogério Freitas Lino , Rolim Alexander Sá , Robles Laercio 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Introduction Perianal suppurations have an incidence of 1–2:10,000 inhabitants per year and represent about 5% of proctology consultations, more frequently in males, being rare in childhood. Although perianal or anorectal abscess is an entity of relatively simple diagnosis and treatment, in a considerable percentage of patients difficulties will be found, especially considering that the initial treatment of these patients is performed by non-specialist physicians.
Objective This is a retrospective survey of cases of perianal and anorectal abscess operated in Santa Marcelina Hospital between October 2011 and December 2014.
Patients and methods A retrospective study of patients operated on an emergency basis for perianal and/or anorectal abscess in Santa Marcelina Hospital between October 2011 and December 2014, being excluded patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Data of gender, age, clinical presentation, the season of the year in which the abscess occurred, time of progression of symptoms, comorbidities, signs of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) on admission, surgeries carried out, reoperations and clinical outcome were analyzed.
Results Electronic medical records of 52 patients (73.1% male) who underwent surgical treatment of anorectal and perianal abscess were analyzed. The mean overall age was 43.03 years, and all patients reported pain as the main symptom, with a mean time of symptoms of 6.5 days. As for the season of the year of onset and diagnosis of perianal abscess, 61.5% of patients had this pathology in the summer and spring months.
Conclusion In our study, it can be observed a higher incidence of perianal abscess in males and in the warmer months; furthermore, just over half of the patients developed perianal fistula in their progression.