bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar Energy for a Cleaner World
Authors: von Friedeburg Christoph 
Published: December 2017

The relentless advance of global climate change is requiring all countries to either restructure their existing energy systems, or find new ways of building and expanding them. Ongoing reliance on fossil fuels has been demonstrated to be unsustainable, especially if we are to avoid global temperatures to rise by more than 2 degrees. Harnessing the power stored in solar radiation, reaching our planet every day for free and in vast quantities, photovoltaics and solar heating are among the most popular techniques for renewable energy. However, they are the subject of intense, ongoing research; for example to increase the efficiency and capacity of solar cells. Solar heating provides a clean way to heat water and physical spaces. But other technologies are also advancing, such as the use of solar radiation to split water molecules and generate hydrogen for use as energy vector.

Renewable Energy - Solar brings together a systematic collection of research addressing the key challenges of solar energy. Research and review papers, and selected conference papers addressing all important ways to harness solar radiation are considered, including photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar-powered gas generation, solar heating, and other. This collection is meant to provide researchers and advanced students with an orientation of the field, to point them to relevant workgroups, and to address current challenges. This collection is meant to provide researchers and advanced students with an orientation of the field, to point them to relevant workgroups, and to address current challenges. The collection will grow over time as new research is published, and the research community engages with it. Wind energy and hydropower are not considered here, as they are not directly related to solar radiation. These technologies are, or will be, subjects of other collections within the
Renewable Energy Super Collection
.
Efecto cristal
Authors: Pantaleón Panaro Dr. Arq. Carlos 
Published: December 2017

ESPEJISMO es una ilusión óptica debido a la reflexión total de la luz cuando atraviesa capas de aire de densidad distinta, con lo cual los objetos lejanos dan una imagen invertida, como si se reflejaran sobre el agua, tal como ocurre en las llanuras de los desiertos. 1
La definición de espejismo nos explica que es una ilusión, una ficción, un desvarío, un delirio. Algo que no es real ni verdadero, la apariencia engañosa de algo que no existe. ¿Pero no existe, realmente? Tal vez se pueda decir, desde algún punto de vista, que una imagen ilusoria no es real. Pero ¿podríamos afirmarlo desde el punto de vista del fenómeno de la percepción? Si lo vemos, ¿no tendríamos derecho a decir que es real? ¿Algo tiene que ser material y poder tocarse, para ser real? ¿No basta simplemente con verlo?
Este artículo de reflexión trata sobre el tema de lo ilusorio, de los espejismos y apariencias engañosas que, no obstante su naturaleza falaz, existen y se perciben, y son procesados por nuestra mente como fenómenos sensoriales que conforman nuestra percepción.
El hilo conductor es un viaje a través de diferentes paisajes espejados: el del azar, el de las artes y el de la arquitectura.

1Diccionario de la Real Academia Española. Consulta en línea
ESTUDOS PRÉ-CLÍNICOS E CLÍNICOS DE ESPÉCIES VEGETAIS SELECIONADAS DE PAÍSES PERTENCENTES AO MERCOSUL E ASPECTOS TOXICOLÓGICOS
Authors: Cechinel-Zanchett Camile Cecconi 
Published: December 2017

As plantas medicinais são utilizadas para a prevenção e tratamento de doenças, sendo usada por cerca de 80% da população para o cuidado primário à saúde. A rica biodiversidade do Brasil e países vizinhos oferece um potencial único e incomparável para a descoberta e desenvolvimento de agentes bioativos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi fazer uma revisão sobre estudos pré-clínicos e clínicos de espécies vegetais selecionadas dos países do Mercosul e aspectos toxicológicos. Com base em trabalho publicado anteriormente pelo autor, foram selecionadas as espécies com maior número de registro na Anvisa no Brasil (Aesculus hippocastanum - Castanha da Índia e Mikania glomerata- Guaco); as mais utilizadas como medicamentos fitoterápicos simples na Argentina (Cynara scolymus L. - Alcachofra e Solanum dulcamara - Dulcamara); as plantas medicinais mais vendidas no Paraguai (Peumus boldus Mol. - Boldo e Borago officinalis - Borragem); as mais consumidas no norte do Uruguai (Aloe vera – Aloe e Passiflora edulis - Maracujá) e da Venezuela a Hedera helix (Hera) por ser muito popular no país seu consumo. Foram realizadas pesquisas nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, PubMed e Science Direct no mês de abril de 2016, sobre ensaios pré-clínicos e clínicos dessas espécies vegetais, em português e inglês, sendo selecionados os artigos mais relevantes, com uso de animais (ratos, coelhos ou camundongos), linhagens celulares ou bacterianas, ou estudos clínicos. Em relação aos estudos pré-clínicos e clínicos, Aloe e Alcachofra, foram as que apresentaram maior número de publicações.
Polynomial Solutions of Equivariant Polynomial Abel Differential Equations
Authors: Llibre Jaume , Valls Clàudia 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Let

a
⁢

(
x
)

{a(x)}

be non-constant and let

b
j

⁢

(
x
)

{b_{j}(x)}

, for

j
=

0
,
1
,
2
,
3

{j=0,1,2,3}

, be real or complex polynomials in the variable x. Then the real or complex equivariant polynomial Abel differential equation

a
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

y
˙

=

b
1

⁢

(
x
)

⁢
y

+

b
3

⁢

(
x
)

⁢

y
3

{a(x)\dot{y}=b_{1}(x)y+b_{3}(x)y^{3}}

, with

b
3

⁢

(
x
)

≠
0

{b_{3}(x)\neq 0}

, and the real or complex polynomial equivariant polynomial Abel differential equation of the second kind

a
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
y
⁢

y
˙

=

b
0

⁢

(
x
)

+

b
2

⁢

(
x
)

⁢

y
2

{a(x)y\dot{y}=b_{0}(x)+b_{2}(x)y^{2}}

, with

b
2

⁢

(
x
)

≠
0

{b_{2}(x)\neq 0}

, have at most 7 polynomial solutions. Moreover, there exist equations of this type having this maximum number of polynomial solutions.
Constriction – Construction, a short history of specialised wearing apparel for athletic activities from the fourteenth century to nineteenth century
Authors: Baptiste Soline Anthore , Baptiste Nicolas P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDuring the twentieth century, clothing permits a real freedom of bodily movement. However, when examining past athletic activity, we must take into account the period approach to the body: liberty of movement is at the same time controlled by morality, gestures and clothing. The French term “tenue” initially referred to behaviour, but since the end of the eighteenth century concerns the manner of dressing, and later by extension, the “dignity of conduct”. In the past times concerned with “sporting” activities such as the HEMA (Historical European Martial Arts), physical appearance is affected by rules of etiquette imposed by morality and civility. From the Middle Ages to the nineteenth century, each period offers a different overview of the dress standards in relation to the different approaches to corporal identity, and the constriction first necessary for military activities becomes indivisible from the moral and physical construction. As a practitioner of the 21st century, the question raises about our relationship, not only with our bodies but also with past cultures. As demonstrated by some concrete examples, if it is desired to fully approach the ancient practices, it is therefore necessary to also adopt the garment, in the same way as the accessories.
Gender-partitioned patient medians of serum albumin requested by general practitioners for the assessment of analytical stability
Authors: Hansen Steen Ingemann , Petersen Per Hyltoft , Lund Flemming , Fraser Callum G. , Sölétormos György 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground:Recently, the use of separate gender-partitioned patient medians of serum sodium has revealed potential for monitoring analytical stability within the optimum analytical performance specifications for laboratory medicine. The serum albumin concentration depends on whether a patient is sitting or recumbent during phlebotomy. We therefore investigated only examinations requested by general practitioners (GPs) to provide data from sitting patients.Methods:Weekly and monthly patient medians of serum albumin requested by GP for both male and female patients were calculated from the raw data obtained from three analysers in the hospital laboratory on examination of samples from those >18 years. The half-range of medians were applied as an estimate of the maximum bias. Further, the ratios between the two medians were calculated (females/males).Results:The medians for male and female patients were closely related despite considerable variation due to the current analytical variation. This relationship was confirmed by the calculated half-range for the monthly ratio between the genders of 0.44%, which surpasses the optimum analytical performance specification for bias of serum albumin (0.72%). The weekly ratio had a half-range of 1.83%, which surpasses the minimum analytical performance specifications of 2.15%.Conclusions:Monthly gender-partitioned patient medians of serum albumin are useful for monitoring of long-term analytical stability, where the gender medians are two independent estimates of changes in (delta) bias: only results requested by GP are of value in this application to ensure that all patients are sitting during phlebotomy.
Extra-analytical quality indicators – where to now?
Authors: Aita Ada , Sciacovelli Laura , Plebani Mario 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A large body of evidence collected in recent years demonstrates the vulnerability of the extra-analytical phases of the total testing process (TTP) and the need to promote quality and harmonization in each and every step of the testing cycle. Quality indicators (QIs), which play a key role in documenting and improving quality in TTP, are essential requirements for clinical laboratory accreditation. In the last few years, wide consensus has been achieved on the need to adopt universal QIs and common terminology and to harmonize the management procedure concerning their use by adopting a common metric and reporting system. This, in turn, has led to the definition of performance specifications for extra-analytical phases based on the state of the art as indicated by data collected on QIs, particularly by clinical laboratories attending the Model of Quality Indicators program launched by the Working Group “Laboratory Errors and Patient Safety” of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Harmonization plays a fundamental role defining not only the list of QIs to use but also performance specifications based on the state of the art, thus providing a valuable interlaboratory benchmark and tools for continuous improvement programs.
Preventing overdiagnosis in mammography screening – a public health perspective
Authors: Concin Hans , Nagel Gabriele 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Prevention and management of breast cancer in order to provide high quality health care is an important public health issue. The existence of overdiagnosis for breast-cancer was controversial for a long time but is now broadly accepted. Overdiagnosis is defined as the diagnosis of “disease” that will never cause symptoms or death during a patient’s ordinarily expected lifetime. Estimates of the overdiagnosis rate for breast cancer range up to 54% of screen-detected localized tumors. New approaches, such as the identification of high risk groups or primary prevention approaches could be more relevant from the public health perspective.
Unternehmen im Transformationsprozess: Ostdeutsche und osteuropäische Perspektiven
Authors: Schulz Ulrike , Steinberg Swen 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This special issue presents East German as well as East European perspectives on the transformation phases after 1945 and 1989 and advocates the long-term analysis of corporations in the socialist planned economies as an independent research field. This includes not only economic questions but also cultural phenomena of everyday life, as well as questions of identity, milieu, confession or tradition. Ultimately, the aim is to extend this perspective to Eastern Europe. Again, the focus is not on the Comecon countries and their corporations alone. The interdependencies and interconnections between the East European and Western markets should also be taken into account.
Wieviel kapitalistisches Unternehmen steckte in den Betrieben des real existierenden Sozialismus?
Authors: Schulz Ulrike , Welskopp Thomas 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The article offers a new perspective on the economic and business history of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). It argues that the historiographical emphasis on the “failure” of the East German planned economy should be replaced by an analysis of those factors which allowed the GDR economy to exist as long as it did and the effects they had on the system as a whole. To do so, the article first provides an overview of the structural conditions that characterized the East German economy and looks at the position and role of the publically-owned companies within the “Budgetverwaltungswirtschaft” (budget administration economy). To determine in which ways the East German companies functionally differed from capitalist ones, the article investigates in a second step the characteristics of capitalist economies, specifically the relevance awarded to companies and entrepreneurs as constitutive elements of the market. By distinguishing analytically the distribution of property rights bundles awarded to the different actors in the economy, the article provides a basis for comparing the functions of companies in capitalist and non-capitalist systems without assuming an essential difference between the two types of companies a priori. Finally, the article demonstrates the methodological insight gained from the comparative analysis by drawing on examples from the company Simson.
Transforming Labour: From the Workers’ State to the Post-Socialist Re-Organization of Industry and Workplace Communities
Authors: Bartha Eszter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The article seeks to place the workers’ road from socialism to capitalism in East Germany and Hungary in a historical context. It offers an overview of the most important elements of the party’s policy towards labour in the two countries under the Honecker and the Kádár regime respectively. It examines the highly paternalistic role of the factory as a life-long employer and provider of workers’ needs for the large industrial working class which the regime considered to be its main social basis. Given that the thesis of the working class as the ruling class was central to the legitimating ideology of the state socialist regimes, dissident intellectuals challenging this thesis were effectively marginalized or forced into exile.
After the change of regimes, the “working class” again became an ideological term associated with the discredited and fallen regime. The article analyses the changes within the life-world of East German and Hungarian workers in the light of life-history interviews. It argues that in Hungary, the social and material decline of the workers – alongside the loss of the symbolic capital of the working class – reinforced ethno-centric, nationalistic narratives, which juxtaposed “globalization” and “national capitalism”, the latter supposedly protecting citizens from the exploitation by global capital. In the light of the sad reports of falling standards of living and impoverishment, the Kádár regime received an ambiguous, often nostalgic evaluation. While the East Germans were also critical of the new, capitalist society (unemployment, intensified competition for jobs, the disintegration of the old, work-based communities), they gave more credit to the post-socialist democratic institutions. They were more willing to reconcile the old socialist values which they had appreciated in the GDR with a modern left-wing critique than their Hungarian counterparts, for whom nationalism seemed to offer the only means to express social criticism.
Das verstaatlichte Glasgewerbe der Tschechoslowakei: Systemdefizite als Chancengeber für Qualitätssicherung und Innovationsfähigkeit
Authors: Wasmuth Verena 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Following the political and territorial events of 1918, 1945, and 1989, the Czechoslovak glass industry was facing similar adversities in the search for new markets. The cooperation between industry, trade, and professional designers proved a successful way out of the crisis. A closer look at the players involved in the economic transformation reveals that the diversified promotion of design ensured the long-term survival of the manufacture and finishing of glass in the Czech Republic, and thus the traditional reputation of the industry as a whole.
Zwischen Ausbeutung, Förderung und Reglementierung: Textile Kriegsheimarbeit in Deutschland 1914 bis 1918
Authors: König Ralf Martin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This essay intends to provide an introduction into an interesting aspect of the German war economy of the First World War not previously examined in detail: home-based outwork for the production of military supplies. In particular, this type of home-based outwork enjoyed great popularity amongst women with no previous experience of this form of work, such as soldiers’ wives and war widows. They were supported by various charitable welfare societies and women’s organizations which campaigned for public welfare during the war. Their efforts included the establishment of sewing rooms in which military home-based outwork was provided as emergency work. Orders were supplied by the military procurement bodies of the German Reich. Although many potential workers were thus withheld from the armaments industry, the development was not seen as a problem by the military administration. However, it did react critically to the many cases in which particularly female home workers were duped by firms when picking up their work. Especially in the area around Berlin, the military authorities intervened vigorously to enforce standard wages for the home workers sewing military uniforms. Nevertheless, the year 1916 marks a turning point: This benevolent stance on home-based outwork changed under the pressure of new employment priorities. New contract regulations made military home-based outwork difficult for unskilled male and female workers to access. These were in theory then available to work in the armaments industry and in agriculture, areas both struggling to meet labour demands. Moreover, the changes led to an organizational separation between sandbag sewing and other home-based outwork involved in producing textiles for the military. In the case of sandbag sewing, a separate war committee was responsible for the planned distribution of sandbag orders throughout the whole Reich.
Transporting 8 × 10 Gbps WDM Ro-FSO Under Various Weather Conditions
Authors: Ali Mazin Ali A. , Adnan Salah Aldeen , Al-Saeedi Sarah Ali. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Radio overfree space optics (Ro-FSO) is a modern communication technique that promises a development future. In this paper, WDM Ro-FSO communication system has designed (10 Gbps×8λ) for transmissions 80 Gbps data rate via the largest possible distance under clear air, heavy rain, and heavy fog atmosphere conditions of FSO link, with test the best wavelengths performance of (193.1 to 93.8) THz that each one (wavelength) carry 10 Gbps by employ BER analyzer at receiver channels. The electric signals produced by phase shift keying (PSK) modulation technique modulated the information (10 Gbps) on RF signal (20 GHz). The results of transporting 80 Gbps were 5 km under clear air weather condition, 1.2 km under heavy rain, and 0.2 km under heavy fog condition. Finally, the different wavelengths that carry high-value data rate are tested by measurement of the BER and Q factor for each received channel, and the theoretical model of PSK modulation is analyzed.
Performance Improvement of WDM Optical Network using Optimal Regenerator Placement Strategy
Authors: Kaur Karamjit , Kumar Anil , Singh Hardeep 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAs the optical networks are moving towards transparent networks, the Optical-to-Electrical (O-E) conversion taking place within the link is reduced to minimal. This results into accumulation of physical layer impairments along the light path, thereby degrading the signal quality. Due to enormous data traffic carried by optical links, any link failure or non-recovery to data at the destination end may result in huge loss. To improve the system performance, the optimum placement of regenerators is one of the solutions for the same, where signal regeneration may takes place at certain pre-specified nodes. Three different strategies of regenerator placement are discussed in the present work. The improvement in system performance with this is also presented.
Vaginal bleeding and a giant ovarian cyst in an infant with 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Şahin Nursel Muratoğlu , Bayramoğlu Elvan , Çetinkaya Semra , Erdeve Şenay Şavaş , Karaman Ayşe , Akdoğan Melek Pala , Aycan Zehra 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background:
Increased adrenal androgen hormones in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) can rarely cause giant ovarian cysts in the neonatal period. Although the exact mechanism of the development of ovarian cysts is unknown, it is thought that increased androgen levels stimulate folicle development by increasing follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels.

Case presentation:
A 16-day-old newborn with ambiguous genitalia was presented to our clinic. Laboratory test results were as follows: sodium: 126 mEq/L, potassium: 5.4 mEq/L, renin: 132 pg/mL, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): 207 pg/mL, cortisole: 7.8 μg/dL, basal 17OH progesterone: 21 ng/mL, androstenedione: 5.1 ng/mL, testosterone: 1188 ng/dL and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS)>1500 μg/dL. Karyotype analysis resulted in 46,XX. A homozygous mutation of R356W was detected in the CYP21A2 gene. The classical severe form of salt wasting 21 hydroxylase deficiency was diagnosed and treatment was started with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. Good metabolic control was ensured by monthly visits but the baby presented with vaginal bleeding as soiling at 4 months. The cystic lesion which extended to the epigastric area from the pelvis in the midline abdomen, had a size of 90×80×60 mm and medially, thin ovarian parenchyma was detected in ultrasonography.

Conclusions:
The findings in our patient suggest that a decline in adrenal androgens after glucocorticoid treatment resulted in an increase in gonadotropin levels and the giant cyst is developed by activation of gonadotropin cascade and increased gonadotropin receptors, instead of androgens.