bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite element models of the human shoulder complex: a review of their clinical implications and modelling techniques
Authors: Zheng Manxu , Zou Zhenmin , Bartolo Paulo jorge Da silva , Peach Chris , Ren Lei 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe human shoulder is a complicated musculoskeletal structure and is a perfect compromise between mobility and stability. The objective of this paper is to provide a thorough review of previous finite element (FE) studies in biomechanics of the human shoulder complex. Those FE studies to investigate shoulder biomechanics have been reviewed according to the physiological and clinical problems addressed: glenohumeral joint stability, rotator cuff tears, joint capsular and labral defects and shoulder arthroplasty. The major findings, limitations, potential clinical applications and modelling techniques of those FE studies are critically discussed. The main challenges faced in order to accurately represent the realistic physiological functions of the shoulder mechanism in FE simulations involve (1) subject‐specific representation of the anisotropic nonhomogeneous material properties of the shoulder tissues in both healthy and pathological conditions; (2) definition of boundary and loading conditions based on individualised physiological data; (3) more comprehensive modelling describing the whole shoulder complex including appropriate three‐dimensional (3D) representation of all major shoulder hard tissues and soft tissues and their delicate interactions; (4) rigorous in vivo experimental validation of FE simulation results. Fully validated shoulder FE models would greatly enhance our understanding of the aetiology of shoulder disorders, and hence facilitate the development of more efficient clinical diagnoses, non‐surgical and surgical treatments, as well as shoulder orthotics and prosthetics. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Comparison of common parallel architectures for the execution of the island model and the global parallelization of evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Limmer Steffen , Fey Dietmar 
Published: February 2016

SummaryEvolutionary algorithms are one of the most popular forms of optimization algorithms. They are comparatively easy to use and were successfully employed for a wide variety of practical applications. However, frequently, it is necessary to execute them in parallel in order to reduce the runtime. There are a number of different approaches for the parallelization of evolutionary algorithms, and various hardware platforms can be used for the parallel execution. However, not every platform is equally suitable for any kind of parallelization of evolutionary algorithms. In addition, it also depends on properties of the concrete optimization problem to be solved and on the used evolutionary algorithm, which platform is best suited for the execution. The present work observes this in detail for two common forms of parallelization of evolutionary algorithms – the island model and the global parallelization – and for four widely used parallel computing platforms – multi‐core CPUs, clusters, graphics cards, and grids. Based on empirical and analytical investigations, it is determined, under which circumstances an architecture is better suited for the execution of a parallel evolutionary algorithm than another (and vice versa). Guidelines are derived that support users of parallel evolutionary algorithms with the choice of an appropriate platform. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Game theoretic modeling of security and trust relationship in cyberspace
Authors: Njilla Laurent Yamen , Pissinou Niki , Makki Kia 
Published: February 2016

SummaryToday, online network services have evolved as the highest‐emergent medium, enabling various online activities to be lucrative. However, these lucrative activities also bring new forms of privacy threats to the community. In a reliable e‐business service, users should be able to trust the providers of the service to protect their customers' privacy. The service providers should not risk the personal and private information about their customers in cyberspace. There is an economic gain for a business provider when users trust the service provider. Despite those benefits, cyber security concern is the main reason some large organization may go bankrupted. Unfortunately, attackers may attempt to breach a provider's database and expose customers' private information. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a game theoretic framework for security and trust relationship in cyberspace for users, service providers, and attackers. Mathematical proofs and evaluations support our model. Service providers may use the model to see how important and dissuasive against attackers is when investing in cybersecurity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost‐effectiveness of a risk‐based secondary screening programme of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nagy Balázs , Zsólyom Adriána , Nagyjánosi László , Merész Gergő , Steiner Tamás , Papp Eszter , Dessewffy Zoltán , Jermendy György , Winkler Gábor , Kaló Zoltán , Vokó Zoltán 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop a long‐term economic model for type 2 diabetes to describe the entire spectrum of the disease over a wide range of healthcare programmes. The model evaluates a public health, risk‐based screening programme in a country specific setting.MethodsThe lifespan of persons and important phases of the disease and related interventions are recorded in a Markov model, which first simulates the effect of screening, then replicates important complications of diabetes, follows the progression of individuals through physiological variables and finally calculates outcomes in monetary and naturalistic units.ResultsThe introduction of the screening programme nearly doubled the proportion of diagnosed patients at the age of 50 and prolonged life expectancy. Three‐yearly screening gained 0.0229 quality adjusted life years for an additional €83 per person compared with no screening and resulted an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of €3630/quality adjusted life years.ConclusionFrom the economic perspective introduction of the 3‐yearly screening programme is justifiable and it provides a good value for money. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fundamental Research on Control Method for Power Conversion Circuit of Wireless In‐Wheel Motor Using Magnetic Resonance Coupling
Authors: GUNJI DAISUKE , IMURA TAKEHIRO , FUJIMOTO HIROSHI 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYThe in‐wheel motor (IWM) is the most preferred driving mechanism of electric vehicles for its advantages of vehicle motion control, energy efficiency, and vehicle design flexibility. One of the technical problems of the IWM is the reliability of power and the signal wires. Wireless power transfer technology is the best solution to this problem. In this paper, a bidirectional wireless power transfer circuit using a primary inverter and a secondary converter is proposed. We propose a control method for both the inverter and the converter to stabilize the secondary dc‐link voltage. The proposed method is verified by simulation and experiment using simulated test equipment.
Development of Semicircular Tubular Coreless Linear Motor and Its Motion Control
Authors: OMURA MOTOTSUGU , SHIMONO TOMOYUKI , FUJIMOTO YASUTAKA 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a semicircular tubular linear synchronous motor called a “circular shaft motor” (CSM). A CSM can realize direct‐drive motion along the circumference of a circle. The design of the CSM is described. A magnetic field analysis was performed for the CSM model. The thrust characteristics of the prototype CSM system were measured in experiments. Angle control and force control were performed to demonstrate the utility of the developed CSM.
Near Infrared Light Triggered Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive Upconversion Nanoplatform for Drug Delivery and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Ting , Lin Huiming , Cui Liru , An Na , Tong Ruihan , Chen Yuhua , Yang Chunyu , Li Xin , Liu Jiuyu , Qu Fengyu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) light‐sensitive nanocomposites are increasingly receiving attention for their convenient manipulation to obtain on‐demand drug‐release patterns and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Here, we present a novel strategy based on preparing NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4 upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) and coating them with a photosensitizer (chlorin e6; Ce6)‐doped mesoporous silica shell (named UCNP@mSiO2/Ce6). The thioketal group, a visible light cleavable linker, was chosen as the “gate” to encapsulate the drug (doxorubicin, DOX) in the mesopore by a simple silane coupling reaction. Upon NIR (980 nm) irradiation, the emitted visible light can excite Ce6 to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In addition, the ROS generation can also break down the thioketal link to induce the “gate” opening and drug release. The in vitro NIR‐triggered release kinetics were investigated by varying the amount of thioketal graft and irradiation intensity. HeLa cells were used as model cancer cells, and detailed cell experiments further illuminate the fast uptake and NIR‐induced cytotoxicity. More importantly, the synergistic action of chemotherapy and PDT led to enhanced cytotoxicity, which means these nanocomposites have potential applications in cancer therapy.
Multichannel Reaction of α‐Bromo­enones with 1,2‐Diamines: Synthesis of 1,4‐Diazabicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐4‐enes by Reaction with N‐Unsubstituted 1,2‐Diamines
Authors: Muzalevskiy Vasily M. , Rulev Alexander Yu. , Kondrashov Evgeniy V. , Romanov Alexey R. , Ushakov Igor A. , Chertkov Vyacheslav A. , Nenajdenko Valentine G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐bromoenones with N‐unsubstituted 1,2‐diamines was studied. An easy access to 1,4‐diazabicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐4‐enes was developed. The multistep mechanism of the reaction is discussed. Final conclusions on the influence of the structure of the starting 2‐bromoenones and 1,2‐diamines on the direction of the reaction are established.
Planar Perovskite Solar Cells using CH3NH3PbI3 Films: A Simple Process Suitable for Large‐Scale Production
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Luo Jiaming , Nie Riming , Deng Xianyu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDespite the rapid progress of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells, the reproducibility, stability, and large‐scale production are major challenges. Here, we present a simple and quick solution‐depositing process to achieve high‐quality perovskite films by adding an insulating polymer of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a film‐forming additive into the CH3NH3PbI3 solution. With the CH3NH3PbI3:PAN films serving as an active layer, planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells show a PCE of 13.08 % at an area of 0.12 cm2 and 7.32 % at a large area of 1.0 cm2. The PCE loss is only about 40 % from the small‐area to larger‐area devices fabricated by using a solution‐based deposition process. The measurements were performed in air without any device encapsulation. We also used the conjugated polymer poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the alternative for PAN. The device performance indicates that the conjugated polymer is unsuitable as the additive, which we attribute to the photo‐induced charge transfer between CH3NH3PbI3 and P3HT.
Near‐fault effects on residual displacements of RC structures
Authors: Liossatou Eftychia , Fardis Michael N. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryResidual displacements of single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems due to ground motions with velocity pulses or fling step displacements are presented as a function of period T and of its ratio to the pulse period Tp. Four hysteretic behaviors are considered: bilinear elastoplastic, stiffness‐degrading with cycling, stiffness‐cum‐strength degrading, with or without pinching. When expressed in terms of T/Tp, peak inelastic and residual displacements due to motions with a pulse or fling appear similar to those due to far‐fault motions, if the response to far‐field records are expressed in terms of the ratio of T to the record's characteristic period. However, as the latter is usually much shorter than the pulse period of motions with fling, the range of periods of interest for common structures becomes a short‐period range under fling motions and exhibits very large amplification of residual and peak inelastic displacements. Similar, but less acute, are the effects of motions with a velocity pulse. Wavelets of different complexity are studied as approximations to near‐fault records. Simple two‐parameter wavelets for fling motions overestimate peak inelastic displacements; those for pulse‐type motions overestimate residual displacements. A more complex four‐parameter wavelet for motions with a velocity pulse predicts overall well residual and peak displacements due to either pulse‐ or fling‐type motions; a hard‐to‐identify parameter of the wavelet impacts little computed residual displacements; another significantly affects them and should be carefully estimated from the record. Even this most successful of wavelets overpredicts residual displacements for the periods of engineering interest. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local and interannual variations in mercury and cadmium in eggs of eight seabird species of the Sinaloa coast, México
Authors: Ceyca Juan P. , Castillo-Guerrero J. Alfredo , García-Hernández Jaqueline , Fernández Guillermo , Betancourt-Lozano Miguel 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in eggs of 8 seabird species inhabiting 5 coastal ecosystems in Sinaloa, México were determined during 2 breeding seasons (2012 and 2013): blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii), brown booby (Sula leucogaster), double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens), brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), royal tern (Thalasseus maximus), laughing gull (Leucophaeus atricilla), and Heermann's gull (Larus heermanni). The interspecific differences found in the concentrations of both metals were attributed to the diet and foraging ecology of the species. The highest Hg concentrations were detected in piscivorous species (brown pelican, 0.42 µg/g; brown booby, 0.31 µg/g; blue-footed booby, 0.26 µg/g; and double-crested cormorant, 0.23 µg/g); whereas species with more varied diets presented the highest Cd concentrations (Heermann's gull, 0.31 µg/g; laughing gull, 0.27 µg/g; and magnificent frigatebird, 0.27 µg/g). Cadmium concentrations were significantly greater in 2013 than 2012 for most species, and brown pelican and laughing gull also had higher Hg concentrations in 2013 in Santa María Bay, suggesting a relationship as a result of the changes either in oceanographic conditions or in continental runoff. Mercury concentrations in brown pelican and Cd concentrations in Heermann's gull and laughing gull were above threshold levels for adverse effects on reproduction and survival. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2330–2338. © 2016 SETAC
Bubble‐based stabilized finite element methods for time‐dependent convection–diffusion–reaction problems
Authors: Sendur A. , Nesliturk A. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a numerical algorithm for time‐dependent convection–diffusion–reaction problems and compare its performance with the well‐known numerical methods in the literature. Time discretization is performed by using fractional‐step θ‐scheme, while an economical form of the residual‐free bubble method is used for the space discretization. We compare the proposed algorithm with the classical stabilized finite element methods over several benchmark problems for a wide range of problem configurations. The effect of the order in the sequence of discretization (in time and in space) to the quality of the approximation is also investigated. Numerical experiments show the improvement through the proposed algorithm over the classical methods in either cases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antidiabetic effects of Mangifera indica Kernel Flour‐supplemented diet in streptozotocin‐induced type 2 diabetes in rats
Authors: Irondi Emmanuel A. , Oboh Ganiyu , Akindahunsi Afolabi A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOur previous report showed that Mangifera indica kernel flour (MIKF) is a rich source of pharmacologically important flavonoids and phenolic acids; and that its methanolic extract inhibits some key enzymes linked to the pathology and complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in vitro. Hence, this study evaluated the antidiabetic effects of 10% and 20% MIKF‐supplemented diets in T2D in rats. T2D was induced in rats using a high‐fat diet (HFD), low‐dose streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) model, by feeding the rats with HFD for 2 weeks followed by single dose administration of STZ (40 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally). The diabetic rats were later fed the MIKF‐supplemented diets, or administered with metformin (25 mg/kg b.w.) for 21 days; the control rats were fed basal diet during this period. Intake of the MIKF‐supplemented diets resulted in significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the fasting blood glucose, hepatic glycogen, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, plasma electrolytes, hepatic and pancreatic malonaldehyde, and the liver function markers of the diabetic rats, compared with the diabetic control rats. The ameliorative effect of 20% MIKF‐supplemented was comparable (P > 0.05) with that of metformin administration in the diabetic rats. It is concluded that M. indica kernel flour has antidiabetic effects in T2D rats, and could therefore be a promising nutraceutical therapy for the management of T2D and its associated complications.
Catalytic Conversion of Furans and Pyrroles to Natural Products and Analogues Utilizing Donor‐Acceptor Substituted Cyclopropanes as Key Intermediates
Authors: Reiser Oliver 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis review is an account of our work on developing stereoselective cyclopropanations of furans and pyrroles as a facile entry into donor‐acceptor substituted cyclopropanes. The application of these building blocks for the synthesis of paraconic acids, sesquiterpene lactones, pyrrolidinones, and conformationally restricted β‐amino acids is discussed.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Regulates High Mobility Group A2 Expression in Human Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Kalomoiris Stefanos , Cicchetto Andrew C. , Lakatos Kinga , Nolta Jan A. , Fierro Fernando A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an excellent source for numerous cellular therapies due to their simple isolation, low immunogenicity, multipotent differentiation potential and regenerative secretion profile. However, over‐expanded MSCs show decreased therapeutic efficacy. This shortcoming may be circumvented by identifying methods that promote self‐renewal of MSCs in culture. HMGA2 is a DNA‐binding protein that regulates self‐renewal in multiple types of stem cells through chromatin remodeling, but its impact on human bone marrow‐derived MSCs is not known. Using an isolation method to obtain pure MSCs within 9 days in culture, we show that expression of HMGA2 quickly decreases during early expansion of MSCs, while let‐7 microRNAs (which repress HMGA2) are simultaneously increased. Remarkably, we demonstrate that FGF‐2, a growth factor commonly used to promote self‐renewal in MSCs, rapidly induces HMGA2 expression in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. The signaling pathway involves FGF‐2 receptor 1 (FGFR1) and ERK1/2, but acts independent from let‐7. By silencing HMGA2 using shRNAs, we demonstrate that HMGA2 is necessary for MSC proliferation. However, we also show that over‐expression of HMGA2 does not increase cell proliferation, but rather abrogates the mitogenic effect of FGF‐2, possibly through inhibition of FGFR1. In addition, using different methods to assess in vitro differentiation, we show that modulation of HMGA2 inhibits adipogenesis, but does not affect osteogenesis of MSCs. Altogether, our results show that HMGA2 expression is associated with highly proliferating MSCs, is tightly regulated by FGF‐2, and is involved in both proliferation and adipogenesis of MSCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2128–2137, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulated Microgravity Promotes Cell Apoptosis Through Suppressing Uev1A/TICAM/TRAF/NF‐κB‐Regulated Anti‐Apoptosis and p53/PCNA‐ and ATM/ATR‐Chk1/2‐Controlled DNA‐Damage Response Pathways
Authors: Zhao Tuo , Tang Xin , Umeshappa Channakeshava Sokke , Ma Hong , Gao Haijun , Deng Yulin , Freywald Andrew , Xiang Jim 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTMicrogravity has been known to induce cell death. However, its underlying mechanism is less studied. In this study, BL6‐10 melanoma cells were cultured in flasks under simulated microgravity (SMG). We examined cell apoptosis, and assessed expression of genes associated with apoptosis and genes regulating apoptosis in cells under SMG. We demonstrate that SMG induces cell morphological changes and microtubule alterations by confocal microscopy, and enhances apoptosis by flow cytometry, which was associated with up‐ and down‐regulation of pro‐apoptotic and anti‐apoptotic genes, respectively. Moreover, up‐ and down‐regulation of pro‐apoptotic (Caspases 3, 7, 8) and anti‐apoptotic (Bcl2 and Bnip3) molecules was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. Western blot analysis also indicates that SMG causes inhibition of an apoptosis suppressor, pNF‐κB‐p65, which is complemented by the predominant localization of NF‐κB‐p65 in the cytoplasm. SMG also reduces expression of molecules regulating the NF‐κB pathway including Uev1A, TICAM, TRAF2, and TRAF6. Interestingly, 10 DNA repair genes are down‐regulated in cells exposed to SMG, among which down‐regulation of Parp, Ercc8, Rad23, Rad51, and Ku70 was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. In addition, we demonstrate a significant inhibition of molecules involved in the DNA‐damage response, such as p53, PCNA, ATM/ATR, and Chk1/2. Taken together, our work reveals that SMG promotes the apoptotic response through a combined modulation of the Uev1A/TICAM/TRAF/NF‐κB‐regulated apoptosis and the p53/PCNA‐ and ATM/ATR‐Chk1/2‐controlled DNA‐damage response pathways. Thus, our investigation provides novel information, which may help us to determine the cause of negative alterations in human physiology occurring at spaceflight environment. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2138–2148, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.