bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Papillary fibroelastoma: clinical and echocardiographic features and initial approach in 54 cases
Authors: Cianciulli Tomás Francisco , Soumoulou Juan Bautista , Lax Jorge Alberto , Saccheri María Cristina , Cozzarin Alberto , Beck Martín Alejandro , Ferreiro Daniel Ernesto , Prezioso Horacio Alberto 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionPapillary fibroelastoma (PFE) is a benign cardiac tumor that is currently detected more often due to the technological improvements in echocardiography.ObjectivesTo describe the echocardiographic features of PFE and correlate them with the clinical presentation and initial treatment.Materials and MethodsA prospective analysis of patients with a diagnosis of PFE was conducted between 2000 and 2015. We assessed the clinical history, symptoms at the time of diagnosis, echocardiographic features, and initial treatment.ResultsFifty‐four patients with a diagnosis of PFE by echocardiography were included. The incidence was 0.038%. Mean age was 62±16 years; 50% were male. Forty‐six percent of patients had symptoms at the time of diagnosis, the most frequent of which was transient ischemic accident (TIA). Embolic episodes occurred in 31% of patients, mainly to the brain. PFEs were valvular in 70.4% of cases and multiple in 13%. Mean maximum length was 1.18±0.58 cm, and 44% were mobile. PFEs >1.5 cm were most often found in the heart valves (56.8% vs 10.8%; P=.045). There was no significant relation between size, mobility, location and number of tumors, and the presence of embolism or symptoms. Most frequent treatment was oral anticoagulation in 48.6%, followed by simple tumor resection in 42.8% of cases.ConclusionsPFE is a small tumor, predominantly valvular and benign, but entails a high incidence of cerebral embolism. The initial approach should be individualized according to clinical manifestations, comorbidities, and the experience of the surgical center.
Prolonged QT and myocardium recovery after primary PCI: a cMRI study
Authors: Ieva Riccardo , Casavecchia Graziapia , Gravina Matteo , Totaro Antonio , Ferraretti Armando , Macarini Luca , Di Biase Matteo , Brunetti Natale Daniele 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of viable stunned myocardium recovering after primary angioplasty is not easy to identify in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by noninvasive bed‐side methods. We therefore aimed to assess whether a simple electrocardiogram parameter may be of help in identifying the presence of stunned viable myocardium recovering after reperfusion with primary angioplasty.Materials and methodsA total of 14 consecutive patients with ST‐elevation AMI (STEMI) were enrolled in the study and underwent QT duration assessment after admission: the difference between QT corrected (QTc) in the ischaemic areas and QTc values in nonischaemic areas was therefore calculated and compared with the presence and the extension of viable stunned myocardium, assessed by comparing akinetic/dyskinetic areas at admission echocardiography with akinetic/dyskinetic areas and extension of scar at 6‐month cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI).ResultsIn subjects with viable recovering myocardium, 75% had a QTc max > 440 ms (vs. 17%, P = 0·03); higher differential QTc values and smaller scar areas were found (33 ms vs. −17 ms, 14% vs. 27%, P = 0·03, 0·06 respectively). Differential QTc values > 0 were able to identify the presence of viable myocardium with an odds ratio of 35 (P < 0·05, sensitivity 88%, specificity 83%, positive predictive power 88%, negative predictive power of 83%). Differential QTc values were related to the extension of viable recovering myocardium (P < 0·001).ConclusionViable myocardium recovering after primary angioplasty in STEMI may be predicted by the presence of increased QTc values in ischaemic areas in comparison with nonischaemic areas.
An electrophysiological marker of the desire to quit in smokers
Authors: Donohue Sarah E. , Harris Joseph A. , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Woldorff Marty G. , Schoenfeld Mircea A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFor many smokers, the motivational state of craving is a central feature of their dependence on nicotine, and is often at odds with a general desire to quit. How this desire to quit may influence the craving for a cigarette, however, is unclear. In the current study, we manipulated the level of craving in 24 regular smokers, and recorded EEG measures of brain activity during a rare target detection task utilizing addiction‐unrelated stimuli. In response to the non‐targets, we observed that smokers wanting to quit showed an enhanced late frontal activation when they were craving vs. not craving, whereas smokers not wanting to quit showed the opposite pattern of activity. A dissociation was also present in the target‐related P300 response as a function of craving and desire to quit, with smokers who did not want to quit processing targets differentially between the states of craving and non‐craving. The data suggest that distinct top‐down control mechanisms during craving may be implemented by people who wish to quit smoking, as compared to those who do not wish to quit. This pattern of findings establishes this ERP activity as a potential biomarker that may help to differentiate people who want to quit their addiction from those who wish to continue to use their substance of choice.
Evolution‐informed modeling improves outcome prediction for cancers
Authors: Liu Li , Chang Yung , Yang Tao , Noren David P , Long Byron , Kornblau Steven , Qutub Amina , Ye Jieping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDespite wide applications of high‐throughput biotechnologies in cancer research, many biomarkers discovered by exploring large‐scale omics data do not provide satisfactory performance when used to predict cancer treatment outcomes. This problem is partly due to the overlooking of functional implications of molecular markers. Here, we present a novel computational method that uses evolutionary conservation as prior knowledge to discover bona fide biomarkers. Evolutionary selection at the molecular level is nature's test on functional consequences of genetic elements. By prioritizing genes that show significant statistical association and high functional impact, our new method reduces the chances of including spurious markers in the predictive model. When applied to predicting therapeutic responses for patients with acute myeloid leukemia and to predicting metastasis for patients with prostate cancers, the new method gave rise to evolution‐informed models that enjoyed low complexity and high accuracy. The identified genetic markers also have significant implications in tumor progression and embrace potential drug targets. Because evolutionary conservation can be estimated as a gene‐specific, position‐specific, or allele‐specific parameter on the nucleotide level and on the protein level, this new method can be extended to apply to miscellaneous “omics” data to accelerate biomarker discoveries.
Heritability and factors associated with number of harness race starts in the Spanish Trotter horse population
Authors: Solé M. , Valera M. , Gómez M.D. , Sölkner J. , Molina A. , Mészáros G. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundLongevity/durability is a relevant trait in racehorses. Genetic analysis and knowledge of factors that influence number of harness race starts would be advantageous for both horse welfare and the equine industry.ObjectivesTo perform a genetic analysis on harness racing using number of races as a measure of longevity/durability and to identify factors associated with career length in Spanish Trotter Horses (STH).Study designLongitudinal study.MethodsPerformance data (n = 331,970) on the STH population for harness racing at national level between 1990 and 2014 were used. A grouped data model was fitted to assess factors influencing the risk of ending harness racing career and to estimate the heritability and breeding values for total number of harness races starts as an indicator of horses' longevity and durability. The model included sex, age at first race and first start earnings as time‐independent effects, and the calendar year, driver, trainer, racetrack category and season of competition as time‐dependent effects.ResultsAcross the whole dataset, the average number of harness races horses achieved in Spain was 54.7 races, and this was associated with the horses' sex, age at first race and first start earnings, calendar year, driver, racetrack category, and season. The heritability estimated (0.17 ± 0.01) for number of harness race starts indicates that a beneficial response to direct genetic selection can be expected.Main limitationsData on horses' health status were not available.ConclusionsHorses' total number of harness race starts is a promising tool for genetic analysis and the evaluation of racing longevity and durability. The estimated heritability provides evidence to support the application of genetic selection of total career number of races to improve longevity/durability of STH.
Owner reported diseases of working equids in central Ethiopia
Authors: Stringer A. P. , Christley R. M. , Bell C. E. , Gebreab F. , Tefera G. , Reed K. , Trawford A. , Pinchbeck G. L. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryReasons for performing studyWorking horses, donkeys and mules suffer from numerous diseases and clinical problems. However, there is little information on what owners perceive as important health concerns in their working animals.ObjectivesTo identify and prioritise with owners the diseases and other health concerns in working equids in central Ethiopia using participatory methodologies.Study designParticipatory situation analysis (PSA).MethodsThe study was conducted with carthorse‐ and donkey‐owners in 16 sites in central Ethiopia. Multiple participatory methodologies were utilised, including ranking, matrices and focus group discussions. Owners’ perceptions on frequency, importance, morbidity and mortality of volunteered diseases and the clinical signs that owners attributed to each disease were obtained; information regarding the impact of these diseases and health concerns was also sought.ResultsA total of 40 separate disease and health problems were volunteered by carthorse‐ and donkey‐owners. Horse‐owners volunteered a musculoskeletal syndrome (with the local name ‘bird’, clinical signs suggest possible disease pathologies including equine exertional rhabdomyolysis), colic and epizootic lymphangitis most frequently, whereas donkey‐owners volunteered sarcoids, nasal discharge and wounds to occur most frequently. One problem (coughing) was volunteered frequently by both horse‐ and donkey‐owners. Owners demonstrated knowledge of differing manifestations and severity of these problems, which resulted in differing impacts on the working ability of the animal.ConclusionsAlthough many of the diseases and clinical signs had been previously reported, this study also identified some previously unreported priorities such as rabies in donkeys, an unidentified musculoskeletal syndrome in horses and respiratory signs in both horses and donkeys. The information gathered during this participatory study with owners may be used to inform future veterinary and educational programme interventions, as well as identify future research priorities.
Factors associated with survival of horses following relaparotomy
Authors: Findley J. A. , Salem S. , Burgess R. , Archer D. C. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryReasons for performing studyRelaparotomy may be required to investigate and manage complications that occur following surgical management of colic.ObjectivesTo report factors associated with survival following relaparotomy.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsRecords of horses that had undergone exploratory laparotomy for treatment of colic over a 10‐year period (2002–2012) and had undergone relaparotomy <8 weeks following the initial surgery were reviewed. Descriptive data were generated and association with survival time was modelled using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsRelaparotomy was performed in 96 horses at <8 weeks following initial surgery at a median of 4 days. This represented 6.3% of horses that underwent laparotomy during the study period (n = 1531). Relaparotomy was most frequently undertaken based on signs of persistent post‐operative colic (76%; n = 73). Short‐term survival for horses undergoing relaparotomy due to persistent colic was 53%, incisional dehiscence 50%, post‐operative reflux 37%, haemoperitoneum 17% and septic peritonitis 0%. Median survival was 6 days for all horses undergoing relaparotomy and 778 days for those that recovered following anaesthesia. Nonsurvival was associated with increased packed cell volume at 24 h following initial laparotomy (hazard ratio [HR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.10, P = 0.009), peritonitis as a reason for undertaking relaparotomy (HR 4.41, 95% CI 1.43–13.6, P = 0.01) and adhesions found at relaparotomy (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.03–3.04, P = 0.04). Increased likelihood of survival was associated with colic signs being the reason for performing relaparotomy (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26–0.88, P = 0.02) and small intestinal distension found at relaparotomy (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29–0.96, P = 0.04).ConclusionsThis study has provided information about survival rates and risk factors for survival in horses undergoing relaparotomy that can assist clinicians and owners when determining whether to perform relaparotomy and in predicting the likely surgical outcome.
Improved radiological diagnosis of palmar osteochondral disease in the Thoroughbred racehorse
Authors: Davis A. M. , Fan X. , Shen L. , Robinson P. , Riggs C. M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundPalmar osteochondral disease (POD) is common in the Thoroughbred racehorse yet difficult to diagnose by radiography alone.ObjectivesTo improve the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing POD from radiographs.Study designProspective, longitudinal study.MethodsRadiographs in nine different projections were made of metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPJ) of 50 Thoroughbreds. Post‐mortem, MCPJs were dissected and gross pathology was scored. Three experienced Thoroughbred clinicians read each radiograph and recorded their findings. Another clinician reviewed each radiograph alongside the related gross specimens in order to correlate radiological findings with joint pathology. This served as a ‘gold standard’. The performance of each clinician at detecting POD was compared with the ‘gold standard’. Radiological features associated with POD were identified and presented to the clinicians in a training manual, prior to them re‐reading the radiographs. The ability of each clinician to diagnose POD was reassessed.ResultsPalmar osteochondral disease was a common finding (88/100 joints). All three clinicians demonstrated low sensitivity and low specificity at detecting POD (mean 0.37 and 0.75, respectively). Conversely, the sensitivity and specificity for POD in the ‘gold standard’ was high (0.95 and 1.0). POD was associated with primary radiological features (e.g. focal radiolucencies in the palmar condyles, disruption of the outline of subchondral bone and focal sclerosis of the palmar condyles) and secondary features (e.g. basilar and apical osteophytes on the proximal sesamoid bones, flattening of the palmar condyles and cavitation of the dorso‐distal aspect of the third metacarpal bone). Secondary radiographic features were often easier to detect. Following training the performance of clinicians at identifying POD was significantly improved.Main limitationsOnly two clinicians completed the study; low proportion of POD negative cases in the study.ConclusionsClinicians frequently overlook key radiological features related to POD. Alerting clinicians to relevant radiological features improved the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis.
Key principles of ecosystem‐based management: the fishermen's perspective
Authors: Long Rachel D , Charles Anthony , Stephenson Robert L 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDespite the growing popularity of ecosystem‐based management (EBM) in national legislation and in research and institutional literature, there is often an implementation gap ‘on the ground’, impeding widespread adoption in fisheries. This gap reflects in part the differing understandings of EBM held by fishermen and by management institutions. To explore and seek to close this gap, the underlying principles of EBM considered priorities by fishermen were systematically compared with the priorities identified in the published literature. The fishermen's priorities were determined by asking Atlantic Canadian fishermen to identify the EBM principles they consider most important. Four priority principles were identified: Sustainability, Stakeholder Involvement, Develop Long‐Term Objectives and Use of All Forms of Knowledge. The latter two were not frequently noted as priorities in the literature, while some literature priorities were less commonly chosen by fishermen, indicating a significant difference in perspectives on EBM. The rationale for fishermen's choice of priorities was explored by analysing the fishery management issues they raised – many directly connected to the above four priorities. In addition, another principle, Commit to Principles of Equity, often arose as an implicit priority among fishermen. We suggest that success in implementation of EBM may depend on reconciling differing priorities among its underlying principles, and combining knowledge and expertise from fishermen with research and institutional sources. The comparative methodology used here, which could be replicated elsewhere, should lead to better recognition of local challenges in EBM implementation and encourage support for EBM, to further its contribution to sustainable fisheries.
Research review on the pharmacological effects of astragalosideIV
Authors: Li Lei , Hou Xiaojiao , Xu Rongfang , Liu Chang , Tu Menbayaer 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAstragalus membranaceus Bungehas been used to treat numerous diseases for thousands of years. As the main active substance ofAstragalus membranaceus Bunge, astragalosideIV(AS‐IV) also demonstrates the potent protective effect on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, liver fibrosis, and diabetic nephropathy. Based on studies published during the past several decades, the current state ofAS‐IVresearch and the pharmacological effects are detailed, elucidated, and summarized. This review systematically summarizes the pharmacological effects, metabolism mechanism, and the toxicity ofAS‐IV.AS‐IVhas multiple pharmacologic effects, including anti‐inflammatory, antifibrotic, antioxidative stress, anti‐asthma, antidiabetes, immunoregulation, and cardioprotective effect via numerous signaling pathways. According to the existing studies and clinical practices,AS‐IVpossesses potential for broad application in many diseases.
Influence of highly permeable faults within a low‐porosity and low‐permeability reservoir on migration and storage of injected CO2
Authors: Bu F. , Xu T. , Wang F. , Yang Z. , Tian H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFaults in CO2 storage reservoirs affect the migration and spatial distribution of injected CO2 in reservoir formations. Based on geological data from the Ordos CO2 geological storage demonstration project site, A 2D numerical model of the CO2 storage reservoir was constructed to study the influence of high‐porosity and high‐permeability faults within a low‐porosity and low‐permeability reservoir. The results show that the faults had a significant effect on CO2 migration and storage. If the permeability of the fault zone increased by 2–3 orders of magnitude (a common range of variation in fault zone) and porosity increased correspondingly compared to the base case (no fault in strata), the CO2 migration distance in the reservoir after 100 years was approximately 1.18 times larger than that of the base case without faults, and the total CO2 storage amount in the entire reservoir increased by 1.40–1.61 times. The faults weakened the sealing ability of the local interlayer caprocks (mudstone), which resulted in CO2 migrating through mudstone and entering in the neighboring interlayer storage stratum. When highly permeable faults existed, the CO2 migration distance and storage amount in the neighboring interlayer storage stratum were approximately two times and 19.41 times (maximum value) higher, respectively, compared with the case without a fault. Therefore, the faults distributed in strata should be given sufficient attention when selecting a CO2 sequestration site.
Efficacy of DSP30‐IL2/TPA for detection of cytogenetic abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
Authors: Holmes P. J. , Peiper S. C. , Uppal G. K. , Gong J. Z. , Wang Z.‐X. , Bajaj R. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntroductionChronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most prevalent leukaemia in the Western Hemisphere. Cytogenetic abnormalities in CLL are used for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. However, detecting these is difficult because mature B cells do not readily divide in culture. Here, we present data on two mitogen cocktails: CpG‐oligonucleotide DSP30/Interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and DSP30/IL‐2 in combination with 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA).MethodsWe analysed 165 cases of CLL with FISH and cytogenetics from January 2011 to June 2013. In 2011, three cultures were set‐up: unstimulated, DSP30/IL‐2‐stimulated and TPA‐stimulated. In 2012–2013, two cultures were set‐up: unstimulated and stimulated with TPA/DSP30/IL‐2.ResultsIn 2011, FISH had a detection rate of 91% and cytogenetics using DSP30/IL2 had a detection rate of 91% (n = 22). In 2012–2013, FISH had a detection rate of 79% and cytogenetics using TPA/DSP30/IL‐2 had a detection rate of 98% (n = 40). The percentage of cases with normal FISH but abnormal cytogenetics increased from 9% in 2011 to 21% in 2012–2013. The TPA/DSP30/IL‐2 cultures in 2012–2013 detected more novel abnormalities (n = 5) as compared to DSP30/IL‐2 alone (n = 3).ConclusionsTPA/DSP30/IL2 was as good as or better than DSP30/IL2 alone. TPA/DSP30/IL‐2 offers a high detection rate for CLL abnormalities with a single stimulated culture and may increase detection of clinically significant abnormalities.
Neutrophil CD64 expression as a longitudinal biomarker for severe disease and acute infection in critically ill patients
Authors: de Jong E. , de Lange D. W. , Beishuizen A. , van de Ven P. M. , Girbes A. R. J. , Huisman A. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntroductionNeutrophilic granulocytes express cluster of differentiation 64 (CD64) antigen upon activation. CD64 can be used as a marker of bacterial infection and sepsis. The goal of this study was to determine whether CD64 is a useful biomarker for critically ill patients and analyze longitudinal measurements with regard to outcome and sepsis severity.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, CD64 analysis was performed daily until discharge from ICU or death. Demographics, clinical, laboratory data, and outcome defined as 28‐day survival were recorded. Patients were included when admitted to the ICU with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock and within 24 h from start of antibiotic treatment.ResultsHundred and fifty‐five consecutive patients were enrolled. At baseline, a difference in CD64 of 2.26 (1.33–4.47) vs. 1.49 (0.89–2.24) (P = 0.004) was seen between patients with a positive culture and negative culture. CD64 at day 1 was higher with patients with septic shock when compared with sepsis (P = 0.012). No difference of CD64 between survivors and nonsurvivors was seen.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that CD64 discriminates between critically ill patients with culture positive and negative sepsis and correlates with severity of disease. However, CD64 index is not a good predictor for 28‐day mortality in the critically ill patient.