bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating Concerns
Authors: BUIJSEN MARTIN 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:The Dutch Euthanasia Act seems to be set in stone. Since it took effect in 2002, it has not seen any significant amendments. Recent developments, however, indicate that a major component of the act—the review procedure—is due for revision. The review practice of the regional euthanasia review committees—responsible for applying and interpreting the law—now also extends to instances of euthanasia and assisted suicide for special categories of patients: psychiatric patients, patients with early-stage dementia, and patients whose suffering is derived from a combination of medical and existential causes. In this article, it is argued that a reconsideration of the review practice for these new cases is necessary primarily because review committees lack the legitimacy needed for the development of policies with such a large impact on society.
The Measles and Free Riders
Authors: BROWNE KATHARINE 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:This article takes up a game-theoretic perspective on California’s recently passed bill (SB 277) that closes all nonmedical exemptions for school-mandated vaccination. Such a perspective characterizes parental decisions to vaccinate their children as a collective action problem and reveals the presence of an incentive to free ride—to enjoy the benefits of others’ efforts to vaccinate their children without vaccinating one’s own. This article defends California’s legislation as a reasonable means of overcoming the free rider problem and of ensuring that the burdens of vaccination are shared equally.
The Role of Physicians in State-Sponsored Corporal Punishment
Authors: MUAYGIL RUAIM 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:The question of whether there is justification for physicians to participate in state-sanctioned corporal punishment has prompted long and heated debates around the world. Several recent and high-profile sentences requiring physician assistance have brought the conversation to Saudi Arabia. Whether a physician is asked to participate actively or to assess prisoners’ ability to withstand this form of punishment, can there be an ethical justification for medical training and skills being put toward these purposes? The aim of this article is to examine aspects of Islamic law along with the different professional and religious obligations of Saudi Arabian physicians, and how these elements may inform the debate.
Impact of Personality on Cognitive Aging: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Caselli Richard J. , Dueck Amylou C. , Locke Dona E.C. , Henslin Bruce R. , Johnson Travis A. , Woodruff Bryan K. , Hoffman-Snyder Charlene , Geda Yonas E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to assess the association between personality factors and age-related longitudinal cognitive performance, and explore interactions of stress-proneness with apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4, a prevalent risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: A total of 510 neuropsychiatrically healthy residents of Maricopa County recruited through media ads (mean age 57.6±10.6 years; 70% women; mean education 15.8±2.4 years; 213 APOE ɛ4 carriers) had neuropsychological testing every 2 years (mean duration follow-up 9.1±4.4 years), and the complete Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Personality Inventory-Revised. Several tests were administered within each of the following cognitive domains: memory, executive skills, language, visuospatial skills, and general cognition. Primary effects on cognitive trajectories and APOE ɛ4 interactions were ascertained with quadratic models. Results: With personality factors treated as continuous variables, Neuroticism was associated with greater decline, and Conscientiousness associated with reduced decline consistently across tests in memory and executive domains. With personality factors trichotomized, the associations of Neuroticism and Conscientiousness were again highly consistent across tests within memory and to a lesser degree executive domains. While age-related memory decline was greater in APOE ɛ4 carriers as a group than ɛ4 noncarriers, verbal memory decline was mitigated in ɛ4 carriers with higher Conscientiousness, and visuospatial perception and memory decline was mitigated in ɛ4 carriers with higher Openness. Conclusions: Neuroticism and Conscientiousness were associated with changes in longitudinal performances on tests sensitive to memory and executive skills. APOE interactions were less consistent. Our findings are consistent with previous studies that have suggested that personality factors, particularly Neuroticism and Conscientiousness are associated with cognitive aging patterns. (JINS, 2016, 22, 765–776)
Associations between reported intakes of carotenoid-rich foods and concentrations of carotenoids in plasma: a validation study of a web-based food recall for children and adolescents
Authors: Medin Anine Christine , Carlsen Monica Hauger , Andersen Lene Frost 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo validate estimated intakes of carotenoid-rich foods from a web-based food recall (WebFR) using carotenoids in blood as an objective reference method.DesignCross-sectional validation study using carotenoids in plasma to evaluate estimated intakes of selected carotenoid-rich foods. Participants recorded their food intake in the WebFR and plasma concentrations of β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin were measured.SettingSchools and homes of families in a suburb of the capital of Norway.SubjectsA total of 261 participants in the age groups 8–9 and 12–14 years.ResultsSpearman’s rank correlation coefficients ranged from 0·30 to 0·44, and cross-classification showed that 71·6–76·6 % of the participants were correctly classified, when comparing the reported intakes of carotenoid-rich foods and concentrations of the corresponding carotenoids in plasma, not including lutein and zeaxanthin.ConclusionsCorrelations were acceptable and cross-classification analyses demonstrated that the WebFR was able to rank participants according to their reported intake of foods rich in α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene. The WebFR is a promising tool for dietary assessment among children and adolescents.
Breast leptomeningeal metastasis recurrence presenting as a manic episode
Authors: Reich Michel , Girard Edwina , Le Rhun Emilie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjective:Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a neurooncological complication of advanced cancer that has a poor prognosis. The incidence of LM is increasing due to advances in neuroimaging. At the same time, the development of new systemic treatments with poor central nervous system penetration has improved outcomes and survival. However, diagnosis of LM remains quite difficult due to clinical polymorphism, inconsistent imaging abnormalities, and the inconsistent presence of neoplastic cells in cerebrospinal fluid. Psychiatric manifestations can blur the neurological frame and confound management of this complication.Method:To illustrate these difficulties, we report the case of a patient with no past psychiatric history who presented with a manic episode that was attributed to a recurrence of leptomeningeal metastasis.Results:With this case report, we highlight the importance of referring the patient to a psychiatrist or a member of the psychooncology unit when new behavioral disorders present.Significance of results:Leptomeningeal metastases can elicit psychiatric consequences. A hypothesis of this diagnosis should be considered for cancer patients who present with sudden or recent profound mental changes during the course of their disease. Oncologists and neurooncologists should be aware of this possibility. Collaboration with a psychooncologist is recommended to better manage this neuropsychiatric pathology.
Chromatin accessibility maps of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia identify subtype-specific epigenome signatures and transcription regulatory networks
Authors: Rendeiro André F. , Schmidl Christian , Strefford Jonathan C. , Walewska Renata , Davis Zadie , Farlik Matthias , Oscier David , Bock Christoph 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterized by substantial clinical heterogeneity, despite relatively few genetic alterations. To provide a basis for studying epigenome deregulation in CLL, here we present genome-wide chromatin accessibility maps for 88 CLL samples from 55 patients measured by the ATAC-seq assay. We also performed ChIPmentation and RNA-seq profiling for ten representative samples. Based on the resulting data set, we devised and applied a bioinformatic method that links chromatin profiles to clinical annotations. Our analysis identified sample-specific variation on top of a shared core of CLL regulatory regions. IGHV mutation status—which distinguishes the two major subtypes of CLL—was accurately predicted by the chromatin profiles and gene regulatory networks inferred for IGHV-mutated versus IGHV-unmutated samples identified characteristic differences between these two disease subtypes. In summary, we discovered widespread heterogeneity in the chromatin landscape of CLL, established a community resource for studying epigenome deregulation in leukaemia and demonstrated the feasibility of large-scale chromatin accessibility mapping in cancer cohorts and clinical research.
Dual nature of magnetic dopants and competing trends in topological insulators
Authors: Sessi Paolo , Biswas Rudro R. , Bathon Thomas , Storz Oliver , Wilfert Stefan , Barla Alessandro , Kokh Konstantin A. , Tereshchenko Oleg E. , Fauth Kai , Bode Matthias , Balatsky Alexander V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTopological insulators interacting with magnetic impurities have been reported to host several unconventional effects. These phenomena are described within the framework of gapping Dirac quasiparticles due to broken time-reversal symmetry. However, the overwhelming majority of studies demonstrate the presence of a finite density of states near the Dirac point even once topological insulators become magnetic. Here, we map the response of topological states to magnetic impurities at the atomic scale. We demonstrate that magnetic order and gapless states can coexist. We show how this is the result of the delicate balance between two opposite trends, that is, gap opening and emergence of a Dirac node impurity band, both induced by the magnetic dopants. Our results evidence a more intricate and rich scenario with respect to the once generally assumed, showing how different electronic and magnetic states may be generated and controlled in this fascinating class of materials.
Skin-inspired hydrogel–elastomer hybrids with robust interfaces and functional microstructures
Authors: Yuk Hyunwoo , Zhang Teng , Parada German Alberto , Liu Xinyue , Zhao Xuanhe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInspired by mammalian skins, soft hybrids integrating the merits of elastomers and hydrogels have potential applications in diverse areas including stretchable and bio-integrated electronics, microfluidics, tissue engineering, soft robotics and biomedical devices. However, existing hydrogel–elastomer hybrids have limitations such as weak interfacial bonding, low robustness and difficulties in patterning microstructures. Here, we report a simple yet versatile method to assemble hydrogels and elastomers into hybrids with extremely robust interfaces (interfacial toughness over 1,000 Jm−2) and functional microstructures such as microfluidic channels and electrical circuits. The proposed method is generally applicable to various types of tough hydrogels and diverse commonly used elastomers including polydimethylsiloxane Sylgard 184, polyurethane, latex, VHB and Ecoflex. We further demonstrate applications enabled by the robust and microstructured hydrogel–elastomer hybrids including anti-dehydration hydrogel–elastomer hybrids, stretchable and reactive hydrogel–elastomer microfluidics, and stretchable hydrogel circuit boards patterned on elastomer.
p62/Sqstm1 promotes malignancy of HCV-positive hepatocellular carcinoma through Nrf2-dependent metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Saito Tetsuya , Ichimura Yoshinobu , Taguchi Keiko , Suzuki Takafumi , Mizushima Tsunehiro , Takagi Kenji , Hirose Yuki , Nagahashi Masayuki , Iso Tetsuro , Fukutomi Toshiaki , Ohishi Maki , Endo Keiko , Uemura Takefumi , Nishito Yasumasa , Okuda Shujiro , Obata Miki , Kouno Tsuguka , Imamura Riyo , Tada Yukio , Obata Rika , Yasuda Daisuke , Takahashi Kyoko , Fujimura Tsutomu , Pi Jingbo , Lee Myung-Shik , Ueno Takashi , Ohe Tomoyuki , Mashino Tadahiko , Wakai Toshifumi , Kojima Hirotatsu , Okabe Takayoshi , Nagano Tetsuo , Motohashi Hozumi , Waguri Satoshi , Soga Tomoyoshi , Yamamoto Masayuki , Tanaka Keiji , Komatsu Masaaki 
Published: June 2016

Abstractp62/Sqstm1 is a multifunctional protein involved in cell survival, growth and death, that is degraded by autophagy. Amplification of the p62/Sqstm1 gene, and aberrant accumulation and phosphorylation of p62/Sqstm1, have been implicated in tumour development. Herein, we reveal the molecular mechanism of p62/Sqstm1-dependent malignant progression, and suggest that molecular targeting of p62/Sqstm1 represents a potential chemotherapeutic approach against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Phosphorylation of p62/Sqstm1 at Ser349 directs glucose to the glucuronate pathway, and glutamine towards glutathione synthesis through activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. These changes provide HCC cells with tolerance to anti-cancer drugs and proliferation potency. Phosphorylated p62/Sqstm1 accumulates in tumour regions positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV). An inhibitor of phosphorylated p62-dependent Nrf2 activation suppresses the proliferation and anticancer agent tolerance of HCC. Our data indicate that this Nrf2 inhibitor could be used to make cancer cells less resistant to anticancer drugs, especially in HCV-positive HCC patients.
PACAP suppresses dry eye signs by stimulating tear secretion
Authors: Nakamachi Tomoya , Ohtaki Hirokazu , Seki Tamotsu , Yofu Sachiko , Kagami Nobuyuki , Hashimoto Hitoshi , Shintani Norihito , Baba Akemichi , Mark Laszlo , Lanekoff Ingela , Kiss Peter , Farkas Jozsef , Reglodi Dora , Shioda Seiji 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDry eye syndrome is caused by a reduction in the volume or quality of tears. Here, we show that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-null mice develop dry eye-like symptoms such as corneal keratinization and tear reduction. PACAP immunoreactivity is co-localized with a neuronal marker, and PACAP receptor (PAC1-R) immunoreactivity is observed in mouse infraorbital lacrimal gland acinar cells. PACAP eye drops stimulate tear secretion and increase cAMP and phosphorylated (p)-protein kinase A levels in the infraorbital lacrimal glands that could be inhibited by pre-treatment with a PAC1-R antagonist or an adenylate cyclase inhibitor. Moreover, these eye drops suppress corneal keratinization in PACAP-null mice. PACAP eye drops increase aquaporin 5 (AQP5) levels in the membrane and pAQP5 levels in the infraorbital lacrimal glands. AQP5 siRNA treatment of the infraorbital lacrimal gland attenuates PACAP-induced tear secretion. Based on these results, PACAP might be clinically useful to treat dry eye disorder.
Introducing SEARCHBreast: a virtual resource to facilitate sharing of surplus animal material developed for breast cancer research
Authors: Morrissey Bethny , Holen Ingunn , Chelala Claude , Carter Phil , Jones Louise , Blyth Karen , Speirs Valerie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAnimals studies have made significant contribution to expanding our knowledge of breast cancer. Often material is leftover and archived. SEARCHBreast provides a platform for collaborative sharing of archived material via a dedicated on-line database whereby users can both share and search available tissue. The SEARCHBreast database has information on over 50 different mouse models, including tissue from PDX models, available to share. With thousands of samples freely available, SEARCHBreast should be the first point of call for any researcher looking for animal material to aid their breast cancer research.
Quantum random number generation
Authors: Ma Xiongfeng , Yuan Xiao , Cao Zhu , Qi Bing , Zhang Zhen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractQuantum physics can be exploited to generate true random numbers, which have important roles in many applications, especially in cryptography. Genuine randomness from the measurement of a quantum system reveals the inherent nature of quantumness—coherence, an important feature that differentiates quantum mechanics from classical physics. The generation of genuine randomness is generally considered impossible with only classical means. On the basis of the degree of trustworthiness on devices, quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can be grouped into three categories. The first category, practical QRNG, is built on fully trusted and calibrated devices and typically can generate randomness at a high speed by properly modelling the devices. The second category is self-testing QRNG, in which verifiable randomness can be generated without trusting the actual implementation. The third category, semi-self-testing QRNG, is an intermediate category that provides a tradeoff between the trustworthiness on the device and the random number generation speed.
Identifying Kinase Substrates via a Heavy ATP Kinase Assay and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Müller André C. , Giambruno Roberto , Weißer Juliane , Májek Peter , Hofer Alexandre , Bigenzahn Johannes W. , Superti-Furga Giulio , Jessen Henning J. , Bennett Keiryn L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMass spectrometry-based in vitro kinase screens play an essential role in the discovery of kinase substrates, however, many suffer from biological and technical noise or necessitate genetically-altered enzyme-cofactor systems. We describe a method that combines stable γ-[18O2]-ATP with classical in vitro kinase assays within a contemporary quantitative proteomic workflow. Our approach improved detection of known substrates of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase ABL1; and identified potential, new in vitro substrates.
Curcumin protects mice from Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia by interfering with the self-assembly process of α-hemolysin
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Zhou Xuan , Li Wenhua , Deng Xuming , Deng Yanhong , Niu Xiaodi 
Published: June 2016

Abstractα-hemolysin (Hla) is a self-assembling extracellular protein secreted as a soluble monomer by most Staphylococcus aureus strains and is an essential virulence factor for the pathogenesis of various S. aureus infections. Here, we show that curcumin (CUR), a natural compound with weak anti-S. aureus activity, can inhibit the hemolysis induced by Hla. Molecular dynamics simulations, free energy calculations and mutagenesis assays were further employed for the Hla-CUR complex to determine the mechanism of such inhibition. The analysis of this combined approach indicated that the direct binding CUR to Hla blocks the conformational transition of Hla from the monomer to the oligomer, leading to an inhibition of Hla hemolytic activity. We also found that the addition of CUR significantly attenuated Hla-mediated injury of human alveolar cell (A549) co-cultured with S. aureus. The in vivo data further demonstrated that treatment with CUR protects mice from pneumonia caused by S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA). These findings suggest that CUR inhibits the pore-forming activity of Hla through a novel mechanism, which would pave the way for the development of new and more effective antibacterial agents to combat S. aureus pneumonia.
Multiple sclerosis patients have a distinct gut microbiota compared to healthy controls
Authors: Chen Jun , Chia Nicholas , Kalari Krishna R. , Yao Janet Z. , Novotna Martina , Paz Soldan M. Mateo , Luckey David H. , Marietta Eric V. , Jeraldo Patricio R. , Chen Xianfeng , Weinshenker Brian G. , Rodriguez Moses , Kantarci Orhun H. , Nelson Heidi , Murray Joseph A. , Mangalam Ashutosh K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease, the etiology of which involves both genetic and environmental factors. The exact nature of the environmental factors responsible for predisposition to MS remains elusive; however, it’s hypothesized that gastrointestinal microbiota might play an important role in pathogenesis of MS. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether gut microbiota are altered in MS by comparing the fecal microbiota in relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) (n = 31) patients to that of age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 36). Phylotype profiles of the gut microbial populations were generated using hypervariable tag sequencing of the V3–V5 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Detailed fecal microbiome analyses revealed that MS patients had distinct microbial community profile compared to healthy controls. We observed an increased abundance of Psuedomonas, Mycoplana, Haemophilus, Blautia, and Dorea genera in MS patients, whereas control group showed increased abundance of Parabacteroides, Adlercreutzia and Prevotella genera. Thus our study is consistent with the hypothesis that MS patients have gut microbial dysbiosis and further study is needed to better understand their role in the etiopathogenesis of MS.
Bactericidal Effects against S. aureus and Physicochemical Properties of Plasma Activated Water stored at different temperatures
Authors: Shen Jin , Tian Ying , Li Yinglong , Ma Ruonan , Zhang Qian , Zhang Jue , Fang Jing 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWater activated by non-thermal plasma creates an acidified solution containing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, known as plasma-activated water (PAW). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different storage temperatures (25 °C, 4 °C, −20 °C, −80 °C) on bactericidal activities againstS. aureusand physicochemical properties of PAW up to 30 days. Interestingly, PAW stored at −80 °C yielded the best antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureus, 3~4 log reduction over a 30-day period after PAW generation; meanwhile, PAW stored at 25 °C, 4 °C and −20 °C, respectively, yielded 0.2~2 log decrease in cell viability after the same exposure and storage time. These results were verified by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The physicochemical properties of PAW stored at different temperatures were evaluated, including pH, oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and hydrogen peroxide, nitrate, nitrite anion and NO radical levels. These findings suggested that bacterial activity of PAW stored at 25 °C, 4 °C, −20 °C decreased over time and depended on three germicidal factors, specifically ORP, H2O2and NO3−. Moreover, PAW stored at −80 °C retained bactericidal activity, with NO2−contributing to bactericidal ability in association with H2O2. Our findings provide a basis for PAW storage and practical applications in disinfection and food preservation.