bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal variations in intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness and the correlation between these factors in dogs
Authors: Garzón‐Ariza Alicia , Guisado Alicia , Galán Alba , Martín‐Suárez Eva 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo study the diurnal variation in intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in healthy Beagles by rebound tonometry and ultrasonic pachymetry, respectively, in addition to determining whether a correlation exists between these two variables.Animals studiedTwenty eyes from 10 healthy Beagle dogs were included in the study.ProceduresThe IOP and CCT were measured by rebound tonometry and ultrasonic pachymetry, respectively, at 2‐h intervals over an 8‐hour period between 10:00 and 18:00.ResultsThe mean values (± SD) of IOP obtained were 11.45 ± 2.96 at 10:00, 10.00 ± 1.89 at 12:00, 8.25 ± 1.62 at 14:00, 7.05 ± 1.05 at 16:00, and 6.55 ± 1.36 at 18:00. The mean values (± SD) of CCT obtained were 554.95 ± 72.41 at 10:00, 549.20 ± 69.10 at 12:00, 566.15 ± 80.56 at 14:00, 545.45 ± 70.19 at 16:00, and 538.30 ± 73.33 at 18:00. The IOP and CCT of dogs were found to decrease progressively from the first to the last measurement. There were statistically significant differences between the IOP (P = 0.000) and CCT values (P = 0.032) measured at different times of the day.There was no effect or interaction between gender and eye with the dependent variables. The IOP and CCT were found to be positively correlated (r = 0.213, P = 0.034). The regression equation demonstrated that for every 100 μm increase in CCT, there was an elevation in IOP by 0.8 mmHg.ConclusionsThe CCT and IOP values were lower in the afternoon/evening than in the morning, and these were positively correlated. Both findings are important for the diagnostic interpretation of IOP values in dogs.
Use of personal protective equipment in a radiology room at a veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Mayer Monique N. , Koehncke Niels K. , Belotta Alexandra F. , Cheveldae Isaac T. , Waldner Cheryl L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe use of personal protective equipment by veterinary workers during radiographic imaging is inconsistent. While the self‐reported use of leaded aprons and thyroid shields approaches 100% in some studies, the use of leaded gloves and eyeglasses is much lower. Previous studies describing personal protective equipment use are based on self‐reporting. Objectives of this prospective, observational study were to describe use of leaded personal protective equipment during radiographic imaging by veterinary workers, and to compare observed use with self‐reported use. Use of leaded personal protective equipment during radiographic imaging by veterinary workers was observed over a 10 week period using two motion‐triggered video cameras, and a questionnaire was then completed by workers on their use of personal protective equipment. Workers restrained the animal during 91.8% (753/820) of exposures. An apron and a securely closed thyroid shield were worn for >99% of studies. Gloves were used correctly for 43.6% (156/358) of radiographic studies. Leaded eyeglasses were worn for 1.7% (6/358) of studies. Correct glove use was more frequent during regular working hours than after‐hours for both veterinarians (odds ratio 32.7, P = 0.001) and veterinary students (odds ratio 75.1, P < 0.001). The number of workers in the room was lower when animals were sedated (P = 0.002) or anesthetized (P = 0.017). Workers overestimated their frequency of glove use (P <0.001). In conclusion, workers use personal protective equipment less frequently in an unsupervised environment, and overestimate their use of personal protective equipment. Use of sedation or anesthesia decreases worker exposure to ionizing radiation.
Weed species composition of small‐scale farmlands bears a strong crop‐related and environmental signature
Authors: Nagy K , Lengyel A , Kovács A , Türei D , Csergő A M , Pinke G 
Published: December 2017

SummaryWeed species loss due to intensive agricultural land use has raised the need to understand how traditional cropland management has sustained a diverse weed flora. We evaluated to what extent cultivation practices and environmental conditions affect the weed species composition of a small‐scale farmland mosaic in Central Transylvania (Romania). We recorded the abundance of weed species and 28 environmental, management and site context variables in 299 fields of maize, cereal and stubble. Using redundancy analysis, we revealed 22 variables with significant net effects, which explained 19.2% of the total variation in species composition. Cropland type had the most pronounced effect on weed composition with a clear distinction between cereal crops, cereal stubble and maize crops. Beyond these differences, the environmental context of croplands was a major driver of weed composition, with significant effects of geographic position, altitude, soil parameters (soil pH, texture, salt and humus content, CaCO3, P2O5, K2O, Na and Mg), as well as plot location (edge vs. core position) and surrounding habitat types (arable field, road margin, meadow, fallow, ditch). Performing a variation partitioning for the cropland types one by one, the environmental variables explained most of the variance compared with crop management. In contrast, when all sites were combined across different cropland types, the crop‐specific factors were more important in explaining variance in weed community composition.
London ambulance source data on choking incidence for the calendar year 2016: an observational study
Authors: Pavitt Matthew J , Nevett Joanne , Swanton Laura L , Hind Matthew D , Polkey Michael I , Green Malcolm , Hopkinson Nicholas S 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionComplete foreign body airway obstruction is a life-threatening emergency, but there are limited data on its epidemiology.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of data collected routinely from London Ambulance Service calls coded as being for choking was undertaken for the calendar year of 2016.ResultsThere were 1916 choking episodes of significant severity to call for emergency assessment in London during 2016, 0.2% of total calls requiring an ambulance response, an average of 5.2 per day. The incidence increased at the extremes of age. Calls coded as choking occurred at times consistent with lunch and dinner and less frequently at breakfast. Peak incidence occurred at Sunday lunchtimes and on Wednesday evenings.ConclusionsChoking is a substantial health problem for Londoners to seek emergency assistance. Choking is more frequent at the extremes of age with a higher incidence at lunch and dinner time. Greater public awareness of choking and its management could help to prevent avoidable deaths.
Single-Cell RNA-seq Reveals a Subpopulation of Prostate Cancer Cells with Enhanced Cell-Cycle–Related Transcription and Attenuated Androgen Response
Authors: Horning Aaron M. , Wang Yao , Lin Che-Kuang , Louie Anna D. , Jadhav Rohit R. , Hung Chia-Nung , Wang Chiou-Miin , Lin Chun-Lin , Kirma Nameer B. , Liss Michael A. , Kumar Addanki P. , Sun LuZhe , Liu Zhijie , Chao Wei-Ting , Wang Qianben , Jin Victor X. , Chen Chun-Liang , Huang Tim H.-M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests the presence of minor cell subpopulations in prostate cancer that are androgen independent and poised for selection as dominant clones after androgen deprivation therapy. In this study, we investigated this phenomenon by stratifying cell subpopulations based on transcriptome profiling of 144 single LNCaP prostate cancer cells treated or untreated with androgen after cell-cycle synchronization. Model-based clustering of 397 differentially expressed genes identified eight potential subpopulations of LNCaP cells, revealing a previously unappreciable level of cellular heterogeneity to androgen stimulation. One subpopulation displayed stem-like features with a slower cell doubling rate, increased sphere formation capability, and resistance to G2–M arrest induced by a mitosis inhibitor. Advanced growth of this subpopulation was associated with enhanced expression of 10 cell-cycle–related genes (CCNB2, DLGAP5, CENPF, CENPE, MKI67, PTTG1, CDC20, PLK1, HMMR, and CCNB1) and decreased dependence upon androgen receptor signaling. In silico analysis of RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas further demonstrated that concordant upregulation of these genes was linked to recurrent prostate cancers. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves implicates aberrant expression of these genes and could be useful for early identification of tumors that subsequently develop biochemical recurrence. Moreover, this single-cell approach provides a better understanding of how prostate cancer cells respond heterogeneously to androgen deprivation therapies and reveals characteristics of subpopulations resistant to this treatment.
Significance: Illustrating the challenge in treating cancers with targeted drugs, which by selecting for drug resistance can drive metastatic progression, this study characterized the plasticity and heterogeneity of prostate cancer cells with regard to androgen dependence, defining the character or minor subpopulations of androgen-independent cells that are poised for clonal selection after androgen-deprivation therapy. Cancer Res; 78(4); 853–64. ©2017 AACR.
Targeting CDK6 and BCL2 Exploits the “MYB Addiction” of Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: De Dominici Marco , Porazzi Patrizia , Soliera Angela Rachele , Mariani Samanta A. , Addya Sankar , Fortina Paolo , Peterson Luke F. , Spinelli Orietta , Rambaldi Alessandro , Martinelli Giovanni , Ferrari Anna , Iacobucci Ilaria , Calabretta Bruno 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPhiladelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) is currently treated with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in combination with chemotherapy. However, most patients develop resistance to TKI through BCR-ABL1–dependent and –independent mechanisms. Newly developed TKI can target Ph+ ALL cells with BCR-ABL1–dependent resistance; however, overcoming BCR-ABL1–independent mechanisms of resistance remains challenging because transcription factors, which are difficult to inhibit, are often involved. We show here that (i) the growth of Ph+ ALL cell lines and primary cells is highly dependent on MYB-mediated transcriptional upregulation of CDK6, cyclin D3, and BCL2, and (ii) restoring their expression in MYB-silenced Ph+ ALL cells rescues their impaired proliferation and survival. Levels of MYB and CDK6 were highly correlated in adult Ph+ ALL (P = 0.00008). Moreover, Ph+ ALL cells exhibited a specific requirement for CDK6 but not CDK4 expression, most likely because, in these cells, CDK6 was predominantly localized in the nucleus, whereas CDK4 was almost exclusively cytoplasmic. Consistent with their essential role in Ph+ ALL, pharmacologic inhibition of CDK6 and BCL2 markedly suppressed proliferation, colony formation, and survival of Ph+ ALL cells ex vivo and in mice. In summary, these findings provide a proof-of-principle, rational strategy to target the MYB "addiction" of Ph+ ALL.Significance: MYB blockade can suppress Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia in mice, suggesting that this therapeutic strategy may be useful in patients who develop resistance to imatinib and other TKIs used to treat this disease. Cancer Res; 78(4); 1097–109. ©2017 AACR.
Neddylation Blockade Diminishes Hepatic Metastasis by Dampening Cancer Stem-Like Cells and Angiogenesis in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Jin Yanli , Zhang Ping , Wang Yun , Jin Bei , Zhou Jingfeng , Zhang Jing , Pan Jingxuan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Liver metastasis is the major and direct cause of death in patients with uveal melanoma (UM). There is no effective therapy for patients with metastatic UM. Improved treatments of hepatic metastatic patients with UM were urgently needed. Inspired by readily detectable key components in the neddylation pathway in UM cells, we aimed at exploring whether neddylation pathway was a therapeutic target for liver metastatic UM.
Experimental Design: Expression of key proteins in the neddylation pathway in UM was detected by Western blotting, real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemical staining. Cellular proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) properties were examined upon treatment with MLN4924, a potent and selective NAE inhibitor. Antitumor activity and frequency of CSCs were determined by using a NOD-SCID mouse xenograft model. Liver metastasis was evaluated by use of a NOD-scid-IL2Rg−/− mouse model.
Results: NAE1 expression was readily detectable in UM. Inhibition of the neddylation pathway by MLN4924 repressed the CSCs properties in UM (capacities of tumorsphere formation and serially replating, aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive cells, and frequency of CSC) through Slug protein degradation. MLN4924 treatment disturbed the paracrine secretion of NF-κB-mediated VEGF-C and its dependent angiogenesis. The inhibitory effect of neddylation blockade on proliferation, which was confirmed by xenografted UM tumor in NOD-SCID mice, was involved in activation of ATM-Chk1-Cdc25C DNA damage response, and G2–M phase arrest. Neddylation inhibition profoundly inhibited hepatic metastasis in UM.
Conclusions: Our studies validate the neddylation pathway as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with hepatic metastasis of UM. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3741–54. ©2017 AACR.
See related commentary by Yang et al., p. 3477
Sociedade, espaço e fluxos: reflexões sobre processos transnacionais
Authors: Sacramento Octávio 
Published: December 2017

O texto considera as configurações sociais que extravasam fronteiras e ganham forma no plano transnacional, vinculadas a múltiplas geografias e a densas redes de fluxos. O principal objetivo é compreender como muitas das expressões da vida social contemporânea se baseiam na dispersão e na cinética, constituindo-se entre diversas escalas e localizações através de um complexo conjunto de trânsitos e ligações. Ao mesmo tempo é conferida a devida atenção à economia política dasmobilidades globais, procurando tornar evidente que, apesar de uma certa fluidez sistêmica, os países mais ricos, através das suas fronteiras, pautam o ritmo, o volume e a composição dos fluxos que decorrem de suas conexões internacionais.
Mercados de drogas, guerra e paz no Recife
Authors: Daudelin Jean , Ratton José Luiz 
Published: December 2017

Este artigo procura discutir as possíveis conexões entre o funcionamento de diferentes mercados de drogas e a violência na cidade do Recife. Os autores propõem que mercados abertos e descobertos, como o do crack, são mais propícios à violência, ao contrário dos mercados fechados e cobertos (mercados de drogas das classes médias). Outros fatores contribuem para a presença de mais ou menos violência em cada mercado de drogas pesquisado: a existência ou não de crédito e consignação, o consumo mais ou menos problemático de cada droga e o tipo de atuação policial em cada mercado de drogas. A observação direta do funcionamento de alguns desses mercados, a pesquisa em jornais diários locais e entrevistas com usuários e vendedores de drogas, profissionais da área de saúde, assistentes sociais, psicólogos, juízes, promotores e policiais foram as estratégias metodológicas utilizadas.
Elites in Switzerland: the rise and fall of a model of elite coordination
Authors: Bühlman Felix , Beetschen Marion , David Thomas , Ginalski Stéphanie , Mach André 
Published: December 2017

O objetivo do artigo é entender as transformações recentes das elites suíças com base em um banco de dados sobre elites políticas, econômicas e administrativas que abrange todo o século xx. A partir desse conjunto de informações investigamos a origem social, educação e mecanismos de concertação das elites suíças. Detectamos que, por um longo tempo, mantiveram seu poder através da combinação de um restrito recrutamento social e de um modelo de concertação/coordenação incluindo as forças armadas como um ponto de referência, uma organização corporativa da economia e a multiposicionalidade entre os campos político e econômico. Como resultado do aumento da internacionalização dos gerentes de empresas suíças, este modelo de concertação experimenta um processo de deterioração desde os anos 1990, levando a uma fase de transição (relativamente) imprevisível
Large Cardiac Muscle Patches Engineered From Human Induced-Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiac Cells Improve Recovery From Myocardial Infarction in Swine
Authors: Gao Ling , Gregorich Zachery R. , Zhu Wuqiang , Mattapally Saidulu , Oduk Yasin , Lou Xi , Kannappan Ramaswamy , Borovjagin Anton V. , Walcott Gregory P. , Pollard Andrew E. , Fast Vladimir G. , Hu Xinyang , Lloyd Steven G. , Ge Ying , Zhang Jianyi 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Here, we generated human cardiac muscle patches (hCMPs) of clinically relevant dimensions (4 cm × 2 cm × 1.25 mm) by suspending cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells that had been differentiated from human induced-pluripotent stem cells in a fibrin scaffold and then culturing the construct on a dynamic (rocking) platform.

Methods:
In vitro assessments of hCMPs suggest maturation in response to dynamic culture stimulation. In vivo assessments were conducted in a porcine model of myocardial infarction (MI). Animal groups included: MI hearts treated with 2 hCMPs (MI+hCMP, n=13), MI hearts treated with 2 cell-free open fibrin patches (n=14), or MI hearts with neither experimental patch (n=15); a fourth group of animals underwent sham surgery (Sham, n=8). Cardiac function and infarct size were evaluated by MRI, arrhythmia incidence by implanted loop recorders, and the engraftment rate by calculation of quantitative polymerase chain reaction measurements of expression of the human Y chromosome. Additional studies examined the myocardial protein expression profile changes and potential mechanisms of action that related to exosomes from the cell patch.

Results:
The hCMPs began to beat synchronously within 1 day of fabrication, and after 7 days of dynamic culture stimulation, in vitro assessments indicated the mechanisms related to the improvements in electronic mechanical coupling, calcium-handling, and force generation, suggesting a maturation process during the dynamic culture. The engraftment rate was 10.9±1.8% at 4 weeks after the transplantation. The hCMP transplantation was associated with significant improvements in left ventricular function, infarct size, myocardial wall stress, myocardial hypertrophy, and reduced apoptosis in the periscar boarder zone myocardium. hCMP transplantation also reversed some MI-associated changes in sarcomeric regulatory protein phosphorylation. The exosomes released from the hCMP appeared to have cytoprotective properties that improved cardiomyocyte survival.

Conclusions:
We have fabricated a clinically relevant size of hCMP with trilineage cardiac cells derived from human induced-pluripotent stem cells. The hCMP matures in vitro during 7 days of dynamic culture. Transplantation of this type of hCMP results in significantly reduced infarct size and improvements in cardiac function that are associated with reduction in left ventricular wall stress. The hCMP treatment is not associated with significant changes in arrhythmogenicity.
Applying Cold-Ironing Regulation in Southeast Asian Ports to Reduce Emissions
Authors: Nicholas Monacelli 
Published: December 2017

The imo estimates that international shipping contributes 796 tons of greenhouse gases each year, representing more than 2% of the global total. While the majority of these emissions occur at sea while transiting between ports, a non-trivial amount occurs while ships are docked. The traditional practice has been for ships to keep their engines running while in port, primarily to generate power. “Cold ironing” is when, alternatively, ships in port shut down their engines and take power from the pier. While a novel concept in the shipping industry, it has been the status quo for naval vessels for nearly a century. American ports pioneered the technology, while other global facilities have room to improve.
This research investigates the extent that cold ironing will assist in reducing overall greenhouse gas emissions in Southeast Asian ports. Additionally, it looks at the hurdles to implementation, and other alternatives. Amongst a complex web of technology and regulatory schemes to minimize shipboard emissions, the practical effects and benefits of cold ironing cannot be ignored.
Mesoscale Gravity Waves in the Mei-Yu Front System
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Lifeng , Peng Jun , Guan Jiping 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
High-resolution cloud-permitting simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model are performed to study the generation, structure, and characteristics of mesoscale gravity waves in an idealized mei-yu front system. Two classes of waves are generated successively during the control simulation. The first class of waves, which is typical of vertically propagating waves excited by the front itself, appears as the front develops before the generation of the prefrontal moist convection and has a coherent fanlike pattern from the troposphere to the lower stratosphere. The second class of waves, which is much stronger than the fanlike waves, appears accompanied by the generation of the moist convection. It is nearly vertically trapped in the troposphere, while it propagates vertically upstream and downstream in the lower stratosphere. The source function analysis is introduced to demonstrate that the mechanical oscillator mechanism plays a dominant role in the generation of convective gravity waves in the lower stratosphere. The vertical motion induced by the deep convection develops upward in the troposphere, overshoots the level of neutral buoyancy (LNB), and impinges on the tropopause. The net buoyancy forces the air parcels to oscillate about the LNB, thus initiating gravity waves in the lower stratosphere. Further spectral analysis shows that the upstream waves have more abundant wavenumber–frequency and phase speed space distributions than the downstream waves. And the former amplify with height while the latter weaken in general under the effect of background northerly wind. The power spectral densities of downstream waves concentrate on faster phase speed than those of upstream waves.
Intensity and Inner-Core Structure of Typhoon Haiyan (2013) near Landfall: Doppler Radar Analysis
Authors: Shimada Udai , Kubota Hisayuki , Yamada Hiroyuki , Cayanan Esperanza O. , Hilario Flaviana D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The intensity and inner-core structure of an extremely intense tropical cyclone, Typhoon Haiyan (2013), were examined using real-time ground-based Doppler radar products from the Guiuan radar over the period of about 2.5 h immediately before the storm approached Guiuan in Eastern Samar, Philippines. Haiyan’s wind fields from 2- to 6-km altitude were retrieved by the ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) technique from the Doppler velocity data. The GBVTD-retrieved maximum wind speed reached 101 m s−1 at 4-km altitude on the right side of the track. The relatively fast forward speed of Haiyan, about 11 m s−1, increased maximum wind speed on the right-hand side of the storm. Azimuthal mean tangential wind increased with height from 2 to 5 km, and a local maximum of 86 m s−1 occurred at 5-km altitude. The central pressure was estimated as 906 hPa with an uncertainty of ±4 hPa by using the GBVTD-retrieved tangential wind and by assuming gradient wind balance. The radius of maximum radar reflectivity was about 23 km from the center, a few kilometers inside the radius of maximum wind. The reflectivity structure was highly asymmetric at and above 3-km altitude, and was more symmetric below 3-km altitude in the presence of relatively weak vertical shear (~4 m s−1). The center of the eyewall ring was tilted slightly downshear with height.