bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of 68Ga‐Mg‐Ca‐phytate colloid and its evaluation as a liver imaging agent
Authors: Tsopelas Chris , Hsieh William 
Published: June 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the radiosynthesis of 68Ga‐Mg‐Ca‐phytate colloid and then characterise the formulation for radiochemical purity (RCP), radioactive particle size distribution, and biodistribution in normal rats. This radiocolloid was prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of phytic acid, 68Ga3+ ions, a dispersant, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions, and then heating the contents at 100°C for 5 minutes. After cooling the vial to 5°C, the solution was basified to pH 5 and stored in the cold. The resulting product contained 92±3% RCP 68Ga‐colloidal particles and a low level (8±3%) of soluble 68Ga‐Mg‐Ca‐phytate. Particle size experiments defined the radioactive particle population was 6±4% <20 nm, 90±6% 20 to 200 nm, and 4% were >200 nm in diameter. Intravenous injection of the 68Ga‐colloid dispersion to rats resulted in 93% uptake by the liver plus spleen, 1% lungs, 1% total blood, and 6% in the carcass after 20 minutes. This optimal formulation remained stable at 5°C for 1½ hours in vitro, and it resulted in the same biodistribution as the formulation prepared at t = 0 hours. The preclinical data so far indicate that 68Ga‐Mg‐Ca‐colloid has excellent potential as a liver imaging agent.
Climate change and variability impacts on the forests of Bangladesh – a diagnostic discussion based on CMIP5 GCMs and ENSO
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Rashed , Ndiaye Ousmane 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to assess the evolution of forests in Bangladesh from the perspective of changing climate, with particular emphasis on the Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove forest. Projections for temperature and rainfall change have been made using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change‐Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC‐AR5) general circulation models (GCMs) protocol (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, CMIP5) with 38 various GCMs and up to 105 model runs. The GCMs findings were verified by the published results of 11 regional climate models (RCMs) in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)‐South Asia models with finer spatial resolution. A CMIP5 model‐based synthesis review on the future variability of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has also been made, as both the seasonal temperature and rainfall variability in Bangladesh are correlated to ENSO. Both global and regional climate change scenarios indicate that temperature would continue to rise and total annual rainfall is likely to increase in the future. However, weak increases in rainfall combined with high increases in temperature would create a high demand and competition for water because of the higher evapotranspiration environment. In addition to changing climate, the interannual variability of ENSO would further aggravate problems because it displays important correlations with the variability of rainfall, temperatures, sea‐level, lightning, and forest fires in Bangladesh. This study strongly recommends that future climate change projections should be combined with interannual variability ENSO to improve climate perspectives for stronger forest capacity building efforts in Bangladesh.
Extraction methods and food uses of a natural red colorant from dye sorghum
Authors: Akogou Folachodé UG , Kayodé AP Polycarpe , den Besten Heidy MW , Linnemann Anita R 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe interest in stable natural colorants for food applications continues to grow. A red pigment extracted from the leaf sheaths of a sorghum variety (Sorghum bicolor) with a high content of apigeninidin is widely used as a biocolorant in processed foods in West Africa. This study compared the colour and anthocyanin composition from traditional extraction methods to determine options for improvement and use of the red biocolorant from dye sorghum in the food sector.RESULTSSorghum biocolorant was commonly applied in fermented and heated foods. Traditional extraction methods predominantly differed in two aspects, namely the use of an alkaline rock salt (locally known as kanwu) and the temperature of the extraction water. Cool extraction using the alkaline ingredient was more efficient than hot alkaline and hot aqueous extractions in extracting anthocyanins. The apigeninidin content was three times higher in the cool and hot alkaline extracts than in the aqueous extract.CONCLUSIONCool and hot alkaline extractions at pH 8–9 were the most efficient methods for extracting apigeninidin from dye sorghum leaf sheaths. Broader use of the sorghum biocolorant in foods requires further research on its effects on nutrient bioavailability and antioxidant activity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Pilot Study of a Software‐Supported Protocol for Second‐Trimester Ultrasound Screening
Authors: Bultez Thierry , Bernard Jean‐Pierre , Metzger Ulrike , Ville Yves , Salomon Laurent Julien 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and impact of using a software‐supported protocol for routine second‐trimester ultrasound scanning.MethodsWe conducted a comparative observational study of 2 sets of 25 randomly selected normal routine second‐trimester examinations performed by the same expert sonographer before and 1 year after the introduction of a software‐supported protocol. The scanning protocol was identical during both periods and conformed to International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology guidelines. Two independent expert sonographers reviewed the temporal sequences of fetal anatomic visualization. The examination duration, number of images, time per stored image, and number of recorded anatomic features according to the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology guidelines were compared between the periods.ResultsThe mean examination duration and the number of images stored ± SD were both significantly higher during the period with the software‐supported protocol than during the previous period (18.9 ± 5.3 versus 15.3 ± 2.8 minutes, respectively; P = .005; and 52.0 ± 2.4 versus 35.2 ± 3.4; P < .001). The mean time per image was also shorter with the software‐supported protocol (19 ± 7 versus 26 ± 4 seconds; P < .001). Recording of the placental location, amniotic fluid quantification, cavum septi pellucidi, thoracic shape, both kidneys, both arms, and genitalia was significantly more consistent with the software‐supported protocol (P < .001; P = .001; P = .022; P = .050; P = .022; P < .001; and P = .048).ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that a software‐supported protocol standardizing image acquisition may improve operator efficiency during second‐trimester ultrasound scans.
Can the Ni classification of vessels predict neoplasia? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mehlum Camilla S. , Rosenberg Tine , Dyrvig Anne‐Kirstine , Groentved Aagot Moeller , Kjaergaard Thomas , Godballe Christian 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThe Ni classification of vascular change from 2011 is well documented for evaluating pharyngeal and laryngeal lesions, primarily focusing on cancer. In the planning of surgery it may be more relevant to differentiate neoplasia from non‐neoplasia. We aimed to evaluate the ability of the Ni classification to predict laryngeal or hypopharyngeal neoplasia and to investigate if a changed cutoff value would support the recent European Laryngological Society (ELS) proposal of perpendicular vascular changes as indicative of neoplasia.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases.Review MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis statement. We systematically searched for publications from 2011 until 2016. All retrieved studies were reviewed and qualitatively assessed. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the Ni classification with two different cutoffs were calculated, and bubble and summary receiver operating characteristics plots were created.ResultsThe combined sensitivity of five studies (n = 687) with Ni type IV‐V defined as test‐positive was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76‐0.95), and specificity was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72‐0.89). The equivalent combined sensitivity of four studies (n = 624) with Ni type V defined as test‐positive was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75‐0.87), and specificity was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.82‐0.97).ConclusionsThe diagnostic accuracy of the Ni classification in predicting neoplasia was high, without significant difference between the two analyzed cutoff values. Implementation of the proposed ELS classification of vascular changes seems reasonable from a clinical perspective, with comparable accuracy. Attention must be drawn to the accompanying risk of exposing patients to unnecessary surgery. Laryngoscope, 128:168–176, 2018
Social media presence of otolaryngology journals: The past, present, and future
Authors: Wong Kevin , Piraquive Jacquelyn , Levi Jessica R. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives/HypothesisEvaluate the use of Twitter by otolaryngology journals and determine the relationship between social media altmetrics and measures of academic impact.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.MethodsTwitter profiles from the top 50 otolaryngology journals per 2016 SCImago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) were included. Twitter activity for each profile was calculated using Twitonomy analytics and Riffle software. Social media influence was measured using Klout scores. Annual SJR rank and H‐Index scores between 2008 and 2016 were recorded for each journal. Associations between social media influence and academic indices were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum test, Spearman's rank order test, and Pearson correlation coefficients (α = .05).ResultsAverage SJR was 0.86 ± 0.3 and H‐Index was 50.9 ± 24. Eighteen journals had Twitter profiles. Journals with social media accounts had significantly higher SJR (P = .03) and H‐Index (P = .01) scores compared to those without. The average Klout score of Twitter profiles was 32.5 ± 13. There was a significant association between a journal's Klout score and SJR rank (P = .004). Older Twitter profiles had higher Klout scores (P = .04). There was a direct relationship between a journal's total Twitter followers and H‐Index score (P = .009), and a direct relationship between tweets and academic influence (P = .03 and .01 for SJR and H‐Index, respectively).ConclusionsSocial media is often underutilized and remains an untapped resource by many journals to increase readership and disseminate research. Journals with social media profiles had significantly higher academic metrics, and among journals with profiles, increased online activity was a predictor for academic influence. Future studies are warranted to elucidate causal relationships.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:363–368, 2018
Diagnostic performance of 18fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission/computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in detecting T1‐T2 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chaput Anne , Robin Philippe , Podeur Fabien , Ollivier Morgan , Keromnes Nathalie , Tissot Valentin , Nonent Michel , Salaün Pierre‐Yves , Rousset Jean , Abgral Ronan 
Published: June 2017

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to assess and compare the diagnostic accuracy of 18fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission/computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect T1‐T2 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Study DesignProspective case series.MethodsThirty‐five consecutive patients with histologically proven T1‐T2 HNSCC were prospectively included. All patients underwent pretherapeutic FDG‐PET/CT and MRI. Two nuclear medicine physicians and 2 radiologists blindly reviewed all FDG‐PET/CT and MRI, respectively. A five‐point qualitative scale was used to estimate tumor detection ability. Sensitivity of each modality was compared together using a McNemar test. Interobserver variability was assessed by kappa index (κ) of Cohen statistics. Maximal standardized uptake value (SUVMAX), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) in FDG‐PET/CT, and gadolinium enhancement (%GE) in MRI of each tumor were recorded and compared with T stage using a Mann‐Whitney test. Tumor‐to‐normal tissue ratios in FDG‐PET/CT and MRI (TNRPET and TNRMRI) were calculated and compared together using a Student t test.ResultsAmong the 35 primary tumors, 29 were detected by FDG‐PET/CT and 22 by MRI. MRI detected none of the six lesions incorrectly identified by FDG‐PET/CT. FDG‐PET/CT correctly identified seven of the 13 MRI false‐negative results. Sensitivity of FDG‐PET/CT to detect T1‐T2 HNSCC was significantly higher than MRI (83% vs. 63%, P = .015). T stage was significantly correlated with MTV (P = .002) unlike with SUVMAX (P = .06) and %GE (P = .70). TNRPET was significantly higher than TNRMRI (3.5 ± 3.2 vs. 1.2 ± 0.3, P < .0001).ConclusionsOur study showed a higher diagnostic accuracy of FDG‐PET/CT than MRI to detect T1‐T2 HNSCC with a good interobserver agreement.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:378–385, 2018
Influence of the particle size of the MgCl2 support on the performance of Ziegler catalysts in the polymerization of ethylene to ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene and the resulting polymer properties
Authors: Philippaerts An , Ensinck Richard , Baulu Nicolas , Cordier Astrid , Woike Kersten , Berthoud Romain , De Cremer Gert , Severn John R. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTA highly systematic size series of Ziegler catalysts with similar porosities and surface textures are synthesized by varying the stirring speed during the MgCl2 support synthesis. Besides the mean particle size, the only substantial difference observed between the various catalysts is the size and number of nodules per particle. Varying the mean diameter of the catalyst particles between 1.5 and 11.9 µm, leads to a pronounced impact on the activity in ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) polymerization, while the Mw capabilities are only affected to a limited extend. In addition, it is observed that both the Mws as the polymer bulk density (BD) increases during the course of the polymerization. This particularity allows to optimize the Mw and/or BD at a set polymer size, by tuning the catalyst particle size. This is particularly interesting in UHMWPE production, as control of the morphological and structural properties of the UHMWPE reactor powders are critical for efficient processing as well as the performance of the final product. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2679–2690
Predicting future major depression and persistent depressive symptoms: Development of a prognostic screener and PHQ‐4 cutoffs in breast cancer patients
Authors: Weihs Karen L. , Wiley Joshua F. , Crespi Catherine M. , Krull Jennifer L. , Stanton Annette L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveCreate a brief, self‐report screener for recently diagnosed breast cancer patients to identify patients at risk of future depression.MethodsBreast cancer patients (N = 410) within 2 ± 1 months after diagnosis provided data on depression vulnerability. Depression outcomes were defined as a high depressive symptom trajectory or a major depressive episode during 16 months after diagnosis. Stochastic gradient boosting of regression trees identified 7 items highly predictive for the depression outcomes from a pool of 219 candidate depression vulnerability items. Three of the 7 items were from the Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ‐4), a validated screener for current anxiety/depressive disorder that has not been tested to identify risk for future depression. Thresholds classifying patients as high or low risk on the new Depression Risk Questionnaire 7 (DRQ‐7) and the PHQ‐4 were obtained. Predictive performance of the DRQ‐7 and PHQ‐4 was assessed on a holdout validation subsample.FindingsDRQ‐7 items assess loneliness, irritability, persistent sadness, and low acceptance of emotion as well as 3 items from the PHQ‐4 (anhedonia, depressed mood, and worry). A DRQ‐7 score of ≥6/23 identified depression outcomes with 0.73 specificity, 0.83 sensitivity, 0.68 positive predictive value, and 0.86 negative predictive value. A PHQ‐4 score of ≥3/12 performed moderately well but less accurately than the DRQ‐7 (net reclassification improvement = 10%; 95% CI [0.5–16]).InterpretationThe DRQ‐7 and the PHQ‐4 with a new cutoff score are clinically accessible screeners for risk of depression in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Use of the screener to select patients for preventive interventions awaits validation of the screener in other samples.
Elucidation of Altered Pathways in Tumor-Initiating Cells of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Useful Cell Model System for Drug Screening
Authors: Christensen Anne G. , Ehmsen Sidse , Terp Mikkel G. , Batra Richa , Alcaraz Nicolas , Baumbach Jan , Noer Julie B. , Moreira José , Leth-Larsen Rikke , Larsen Martin R. , Ditzel Henrik J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A limited number of cancer cells within a tumor are thought to have self-renewing and tumor-initiating capabilities that produce the remaining cancer cells in a heterogeneous tumor mass. Elucidation of central pathways preferentially used by tumor-initiating cells/cancer stem cells (CSCs) may allow their exploitation as potential cancer therapy targets. We used single cell cloning to isolate and characterize four isogenic cell clones from a triple-negative breast cancer cell line; two exhibited mesenchymal-like and two epithelial-like characteristics. Within these pairs, one, but not the other, resulted in tumors in immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2 Rγ null mice and efficiently formed mammospheres. Quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics were used to map signaling pathways associated with the tumor-initiating ability. Signaling associated with apoptosis was suppressed in tumor-initiating versus nontumorigenic counterparts with pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD), FAS-associated death domain protein (FADD), and myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MYD88), downregulated in tumor-initiating epithelial-like cells. Functional studies confirmed significantly lower apoptosis in tumor-initiating versus nontumorigenic cells. Moreover, central pathways, including β-catenin and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-related signaling, exhibited increased activation in the tumor-initiating cells. To evaluate the CSC model as a tool for drug screening, we assessed the effect of separately blocking NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and found markedly reduced mammosphere formation, particularly for tumor-initiating cells. Similar reduction was also observed using patient-derived primary cancer cells. Furthermore, blocking NF-κB signaling in mice transplanted with tumor-initiating cells significantly reduced tumor outgrowth. Our study demonstrates that suppressed apoptosis, activation of pathways associated with cell viability, and CSCs are the major differences between tumor-initiating and nontumorigenic cells independent of their epithelial-like/mesenchymal-like phenotype. These altered pathways may provide targets for future drug development to eliminate CSCs, and the cell model may be a useful tool in such drug screenings.
Brief Report: Interleukin-17A-Dependent Asymmetric Stem Cell Divisions Are Increased in Human Psoriasis: A Mechanism Underlying Benign Hyperproliferation
Authors: Charruyer Alexandra , Fong Stephen , Vitcov Giselle G. , Sklar Samuel , Tabernik Leah , Taneja Monica , Caputo Melinda , Soeung Catherine , Yue Lili , Uchida Yoshi , Arron Sarah T. , Horton Karen M. , Foster Robert D. , Sano Shigetoshi , North Jeffrey P. , Ghadially Ruby 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The balance between asymmetric and symmetric stem cell (SC) divisions is key to tissue homeostasis, and dysregulation of this balance has been shown in cancers. We hypothesized that the balance between asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) and symmetric cell divisions (SCDs) would be dysregulated in the benign hyperproliferation of psoriasis. We found that, while SCDs were increased in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (human and murine), ACDs were increased in the benign hyperproliferation of psoriasis (human and murine). Furthermore, while sonic hedgehog (linked to human cancer) and pifithrinα (p53 inhibitor) promoted SCDs, interleukin (IL)-1α and amphiregulin (associated with benign epidermal hyperproliferation) promoted ACDs. While there was dysregulation of the ACD:SCD ratio, no change in SC frequency was detected in epidermis from psoriasis patients, or in human keratinocytes treated with IL-1α or amphiregulin. We investigated the mechanism whereby immune alterations of psoriasis result in ACDs. IL17 inhibitors are effective new therapies for psoriasis. We found that IL17A increased ACDs in human keratinocytes. Additionally, studies in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model revealed that ACDs in psoriasis are IL17A-dependent. In summary, our studies suggest an association between benign hyperproliferation and increased ACDs. This work begins to elucidate the mechanisms by which immune alteration can induce keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Altogether, this work affirms that a finely tuned balance of ACDs and SCDs is important and that manipulating this balance may constitute an effective treatment strategy for hyperproliferative diseases.
Small‐for‐gestational‐age babies after 37 weeks: impact study of risk‐stratification protocol
Authors: Veglia M. , Cavallaro A. , Papageorghiou A. , Black R. , Impey L. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough no clear evidence exists, many international guidelines advocate early‐term delivery of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses. The aim of this study was to determine whether a risk‐stratification protocol in which low‐risk SGA fetuses are managed expectantly beyond 37 weeks affects perinatal and maternal outcomes.MethodsThis was an impact study examining data collected over a 39‐month period (1 January 2013 to 30 April 2016) at a tertiary referral unit. The study included women who were referred to the fetal medicine unit with a singleton non‐anomalous fetus diagnosed antenatally as SGA (estimated fetal weight < 10th centile) from 36 + 0 weeks' gestation. In 2014, a protocol for management of SGA was introduced, which included risk stratification with surveillance and expectant management after 37 weeks for lower‐risk babies (protocol group). This was compared with the previous strategy, which recommended delivery at around 37 weeks (pre‐protocol group). Primary outcome was neonatal composite adverse outcome.ResultsIn the pre‐protocol group, there were 138 SGA babies; in the protocol group there were 143. Mean gestational ages at delivery were 37.4 weeks in the pre‐protocol group and 38.2 weeks in the protocol group (P = 0.04). The incidence of neonatal composite adverse outcome was lower in the protocol group (9% vs 22%; P < 0.01), as was neonatal unit admission (13% vs 39%; P < 0.01). Induction of labor and Cesarean section rates were lower, and vaginal delivery rate (83% vs 60%; P < 0.01) was higher, in the protocol group. Most of the differences were as a result of delayed delivery of SGA babies that were stratified as low risk.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that protocol‐based management of SGA babies may improve outcome, and that identification of moderate SGA should not in isolation prompt delivery. Larger numbers are required to assess any impact on perinatal mortality. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.