bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snapshots of calcium carbonate formation – a step by step analysis
Authors: Dietzsch Michael , Andrusenko Iryna , Branscheid Robert , Emmerling Franziska , Kolb Ute , Tremel Wolfgang 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of CaCO3 nucleation from solution have provoked new and challenging questions. We have studied CaCO3 formation using precipitation by carbonate ester hydrolysis which ensures precipitation from a strictly homogeneous solution state and allows “titrating” carbonate to a solution with a given Ca2+ concentration on a timescale suited for kinetic studies. Nucleation and crystallization were traced by combining dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DLS served as in situ technique to identify the nucleation time, to monitor particle size evolution, to discriminate different precipitation mechanisms and to validate reproducibility. TEM snapshots taken during different stages of the precipitation process identified different phases and morphologies. At a high level of supersaturation homogeneous nucleation in solution led to the formation of amorphous CaCO3 particles (Ø≈30 nm), which transformed via vaterite to calcite. Nucleation occurred uniformly in solution which appears to be unique for the CaCO3 system. In the presence of Na-polymethacrylate (Na-PMA), heterogeneous nucleation was suppressed and Ca-polymer aggregates were formed in the prenucleation stage. Beyond a critical threshold supersaturation CaCO3 particles formed in solution outside of these aggregates. The nucleation process resembled that without additive, indicating that Na-PMA exerts only a minor effect on the CaCO3 nucleation. In the postnucleation stage, the polymer led to the formation of extended liquid-like networks, which served as a precursor phase for solid ACC particles that formed alongside the network.
Tendencia y causas de la mortalidad infantil en municipios de frontera en Colombia, 2005-2011
Authors: Mogollón-Pastran Sonia Carolina , García-Ubaque Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2017

Objetivo Evaluar la tendencia y principales causas registradas de Mortalidad Infantil (MI) en municipios fronterizos de Colombia durante los años 2005 a 2011.Metodología Estudio ecológico en los municipios frontera del país desarrollado a partir del análisis de información institucional de la MI y sus causas utilizando la lista de clasificación de grandes causas para la mortalidad infantil y del niño de la OMS. Para el análisis se incluyeron medidas de estadística descriptiva y la técnica de análisis de conglomerados Se utilizó el programa Excel y el software R-Project para el procesamiento.Resultados La MI disminuyó de forma sostenida en el país y en los municipios de frontera entre 2005 y 2011. Se evidenció la existencia de cifras significativamente más altas en algunos de los municipios estudiados.Municipios con menor MI presentaron promedios significativamente más altos de causas relacionadas con malformaciones congénitas, deformidades y anomalías cromosómicas, afecciones originadas en el periodo perinatal, enfermedades del sistema circulatorio, enfermedades del sistema digestivo y tumores y neoplasias. En contraste, municipios con mayor MI presentaron promedios más altos de causas relacionadas con enfermedades endocrinas, nutricionales y metabólicas, enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias, y enfermedades del sistema respiratorio, muchas de ellas consideradas como evitables.Discusión Los municipios de frontera tienen aspectos sociales económicos, políticos y culturales que los convierten en zona de riesgo y generan interés para la salud. Los hallazgos revelan desigualdades en el comportamiento de la MI en frente al resto del país. La comprensión de las particularidades en estos municipios resulta trascendental para que el sector salud plantee e implemente estrategias y servicios de salud que respondan adecuadamente a las necesidades y se logre garantizar equidad en salud a estas poblaciones.
In situ growth of organically-modified magnesium silicate clays within poly(ethylene oxide) matrices to prepare hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Lebeau Bénédicte , Whilton Nicola T. , Mann Stephen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA direct synthetic method has been developed to produce hybrid materials composed of polymeric matrices infiltrated with layered inorganic particles. Magnesium chloride hexahydrate and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (ATES) were employed to produce lamellar organicallymodified magnesium silicate clays with structures analogous to the inorganic 2:1 phyllosilicates. Amino-functionalised Mg-phyllosilicates were prepared inside a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix under quasi non-aqueous conditions. Nanostructured PEO-organoclay composites in bulk and films have been prepared with different layered inorganic particle loadings. X-ray diffraction patterns recorded showed for all samples reflections characteristic of crystalline PEO and layered magnesium organosilicate. Increasing the inorganic content of the composites resulted in the disappearance of the X-ray reflections characteristic of crystalline PEO.
The Virial Stress Is Not a Measure of Mechanical Stress
Authors: Zhou Min 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe virial stress is the most commonly used definition of stress in discrete molecular systems. This stress includes two parts. The first part depends on the mass and velocity of atomic particles, reflecting an assertion that mass transfer causes mechanical stress to be applied on stationary spatial surfaces external to an atomic particle system. The second part depends on interatomic forces and atomic positions, providing a continuum measure for the internal mechanical interactions between particles. For the simple conditions of rigid translation and uniform tension, the virial stress yields apparently erroneous interpretations. It is shown that the virial stress violates balance of momentum and does not possess physical significance as a measure for mechanical interaction between material points. The lack of physical significance is both at the individual atom level in a time-resolved sense and at the system level in a statistical sense. As a stress-like quantity, the virial stress has the geometric interpretation of being a measure for momentum change in a fixed spatial region. It is demonstrated that the interatomic force term alone is a valid stress measure and can be identified with the Cauchy stress. The discussions here focus on an error in the theoretical derivation of the virial stress that led to the inclusion of the kinetic energy term and on the conceptual flaws in the argument commonly used for including it. The result here demonstrates that, for gas systems in macroscopic steady state, the isotropic statistical average of the internal stress tensor over time and space is not equal to the negative of the macroscopic pressure tensor for the system. The statistical average of the stress is equal to the negative of the pressure only at absolute zero when all molecular motions cease.
Theoretical Investigation of Thermal Conductivity in Wurtzite GaN
Authors: Kotchetkov Dmitri , Zou Jie , Balandin Alexander A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe apply Klemens' second-order perturbation theory to investigate thermal conductivity in wurtzite GaN films. Specifically, the effect of edge, screw, and mixed types of dislocations and their orientation with respect to the temperature gradient on the thermal conductivity values is analyzed. Using typical impurity profiles for GaN films, we study the relative contribution of different impurities into thermal resistance.
Simulation of Microstructural Evolution During Thermomechanical Cycling in Pb-Sn Solders
Authors: Woodmansee Michael , Tikare Veena 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPb-Sn solders are known to coarsen and deform heterogeneously under shear thermomechanical cycling. Solder joint failure often occurs within these coarsened shear bands. The connection between microstructure and materials properties is well documented, which leads to the conclusion that an improved understanding of the interaction between stress and microstructural evolution will better enable the prediction of materials properties over time. In this paper, we simulate microstructural evolution of Pb-Sn solders using a novel two-phase version the Potts model, a kinetic Monte Carlo model that is coupled to a finite element mechanics model. Using this model, possible mechanisms for heterogeneous coarsening are explored.
Modeling Microstructural Evolution During Sintering In A Complex Powder Compact
Authors: Tikare Veena , Braginsky Michael V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSintering theory has been developed either as the application of complex diffusion mechanisms to a simple geometry or as the deformation and shrinkage of a continuum body. We present a model that can treat in detail both the evolution of microstructure and the sintering mechanisms, on the mesoscale, so that constitutive equations with detailed microstructural information can be generated. The model is capable of simulating vacancy diffusion by grain boundary diffusion, annihilation of vacancies at grain boundaries resulting in densification, and coarsening of the microstructural features. In this paper, we review the capabilities of this model and present a number of different problems that have been treated by the model. Finally, we discuss the limitations of this model.
Особливості анамнезу, антропометричних даних та окремих функцій печінки у дітей із пролонгованою кон’югаційною жовтяницею
Authors: Tyajka O.V. , Zagorodnya Ya.M. 
Published: February 2017

Актуальність. Неонатальна жовтяниця є однією з актуальних проблем у неонатології. У наш час спостерігається тенденція до зростання частоти цієї патології та більш тривалого перебігу захворювання з високим рівнем непрямого білірубіну в сироватці крові. Мета цього дослідження — дослідити особливості анамнезу, антропометричних даних та окремих функцій печінки у дітей із пролонгованою кон’югаційною жовтяницею. Матеріали та методи. Під час дослідження обстежено 111 дітей із пролонгованою жовтяницею віком від 3 тижнів до 3 місяців. Проведена оцінка клінічних і лабораторних даних у спостережуваних дітей. Дітям із пролонгованою жовтяницею зроблено загальний аналіз крові, загальний аналіз сечі, біохімічний аналіз крові (визначення рівня загального білірубіну та фракцій, загального білка, альбуміну, глюкози) й проведені інструментальні методи обстеження: ультразвукове дослідження органів черевної порожнини, нейросонографія головного мозку, електрокардіограма. Більшість дітей із пролонгованою жовтяницею перебували на винятково грудному вигодовуванні та були доношеними. Результати. Показники фізичного розвитку при народженні (маса тіла, довжина тіла, окружність голови, окружність грудної клітки) у дітей з пролонгованою жовтяницею та у здорових дітей не мали статистично вірогідних відмінностей. У дітей (n = 60; 54,1 %), які народились від I вагітності, найчастіше спостерігався затяжний перебіг жовтяниці. Вищий рівень загального та непрямого білірубіну у дітей із пролонгованою жовтяницею супроводжувався нижчим рівнем альбуміну в сироватці крові, що свідчить про зниження білково-синтезуючої функції печінки при пролонгованому перебігу жовтяниці.
Educação do Campo e o (im) Pacto Nacional da Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC)
Authors: Ribeiro Simone , Albuquerque Andrea Serpa 
Published: February 2017

Este texto tem como objetivo refletir sobre Política Pública de Educação, e nosso foco são os encontros e desencontros entre o PNAIC e a Educação do Campo. O que nos move nesta escrita são as conversas que temos travado tanto nos encontros de formação do próprio programa quanto aquelas levantadas em nossos grupos de pesquisa: Historicamente como tem se dado a formulação de políticas de educação implementadas no campo brasileiro e, em que sentido, o PNAIC rompe ou reafirma esta história? No campo brasileiro cujas condições de letramento e até mesmo de acesso à escola são muito diversas, como se estabelece este pacto? O pacto é pela alfabetização ou pela alfabetização na idade certa? Quais as perspectivas para a formação de professores através do PNAIC? Por ser um tema ainda recente no cenário da política pública de educação, nossa contribuição objetiva manter vivo o diálogo, talvez suscitando ainda mais questões. Mas acreditamos que um dos caminhos para efetivar a construção de políticas públicas com a participa- ção dos sujeitos aos quais elas se destinam seja este. Como diria Riobaldo, personagem criado por Guimarães Rosa, ainda nos admiramos e nos animamos com a boniteza do inacabamento humano: “O senhor... Mire veja: o mais importante e bonito, do mundo, é isto: que as pessoas não estão sempre iguais, ainda não foram terminadas – mas que elas vão sempre mudando”.
O cinema e os filmes de animação em contextos formativos
Authors: Guimarães Leandro Belinaso , Fantin Monica 
Published: February 2017

O cinema de animação é visto no artigo como objeto de conhecimento, de construção de identidades sociais e culturais e como instrumento de aprendizagem. Por ser cruzamento de práticas socioculturais diversas, o cinema é tomado no texto como um agente de socialização que possibilita encontros das mais diferentes matizes: de pessoas com pessoas na sala de exibição, das pessoas com elas mesmas, com as narrativas dos/nos filmes, com as culturas nas suas mais controversas representações e, ainda, com imaginários múltiplos. Aponta-se no texto que mais que o filme em si importaria aos educadores/as a relação que com ele estabelecemos através de mediações diversas. É essa relação que vai possibilitar entender a dimensão educativa do cinema como experiência éticoestética e expressiva da sensibilidade, do conhecimento e das múltiplas linguagens humanas que se acredita ser possível inspirar outras práticas educativas escolares. O artigo mergulha, visando adensar tais reflexões a partir de leituras fílmicas, em duas animações que fizeram enorme sucesso nas telas dos cinemas nos últimos anos. Trata-se dos filmes Happy Feet e Os Sem- florestas. A partir deles e/ou com eles, tecemos considerações, sobretudo, sobre os modos de viver e de ser que esses filmes colocam em circulação. Considera-se que são muitos os olhares possíveis para ver Happy Feet e Os Sem-floresta. Certamente outras abordagens complementariam as leituras promovidas pelo texto e/ou problematizariam outras questões. O importante é que, nas indagações que certos filmes nos colocam sobre os diferentes modos de ser e de ver, o cinema como cultura, arte, conhecimento, jogo e entretenimento possa ser sempre um dos protagonistas nos espaços de educação.
Formação docente em Ensino de Ciências: uma reflexão a partir da epistemologia da ignorância
Authors: Rodrigues e Silva Fábio Augusto , Coutinho Francisco Ângelo 
Published: February 2017

Neste artigo apresentamos algumas reflexões oriundas de nossas pesquisas em formação docente. Para tanto, trazemos as contribuições dos estudos dos sistemas de produção de ignorância, da epistemologia da prática e dos estudos de produção de realidades colaterais para pensar esses processos de capacitação profissional. O primeiro referencial nos propicia repensar as premissas que sustentam as pesquisas tradicionais que sustentam a noção de déficit e que não valorizam os saberes que são produzidos na prática, perpetuando um distanciamento entre a academia e a escola. O segundo referencial nos conduz a investigação in loco e nos desafia a desvelar e socializar os saberes que são produzidos por docentes quando envolvidos nas múltiplas tarefas do ensinar. Por último, ressaltamos como os diferentes sujeitos, objetos e processos têm efeitos performativos sobre a realidade, o que possibilita a criação de novas entidades e relações com o mundo. Terminamos com a sugestão de criarmos espaços de hesitação para pensarmos a formação docente.
A Comparison of Activity-Based Costing and Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing
Authors: Hoozée Sophie , Hansen Stephen C. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
The relationship between activity-based costing (ABC) and time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) has not been systematically investigated. We compare the two systems analytically and via a numerical experiment. Our analytical comparison generates formulas that describe how each system maps resources to activities and finally to products. We demonstrate that ABC aggregates resource-to-activity information by resources (columns), while TDABC selects partitions of activity-by-resource information. Our numerical experiment shows that TDABC is more accurate than ABC when traceability of resources to activities is high and activity traceability to products is low, while ABC is more accurate when activities are more traceable to products, irrespective of the level of resource traceability to activities. Finally, we examine the impact of hybridizing an ABC (TDABC) system with TDABC (ABC). We find that adding one ABC element into a TDABC system usually improves accuracy. However, adding one TDABC element into an ABC system usually substantially degrades accuracy.
Data Availability: The simulated datasets are available from the first author on request.
Fronto-orbitozygomatic approach: functional and cosmetic outcomes in a series of 169 patients
Authors: Boari Nicola , Spina Alfio , Giudice Lodoviga , Gorgoni Francesca , Bailo Michele , Mortini Pietro 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVEAdvantages of the fronto-orbitozygomatic (FOZ) approach have been reported extensively in the literature; nevertheless, restoration of normal anatomy and the esthetic impact of surgery are increasingly important issues for patients and neurosurgeons. The aim of this study was to analyze functional and cosmetic outcomes in a series of 169 patients with different pathologies who underwent surgery in which the FOZ approach was used.METHODSBetween January 2000 and December 2014, 250 consecutive patients underwent surgery with an FOZ approach as the primary surgical treatment. Follow-up data were available for only 169 patients; 103 (60.9%) of these patients were female and 66 (39.1%) were male, and their ages ranged from 6 to 77 years (mean 46.9 years; SD 15.6 years). Mean follow-up time was 66 months (range 6–179 months; SD 49.5 months). Evaluation of clinical outcomes was performed with a focus on 4 main issues: surgical complications, functional outcome, cosmetic outcome, and patient satisfaction. The additional time needed to perform orbitotomy and orbital reconstruction was also evaluated.RESULTSThe permanent postoperative complications included forehead hypesthesia (41.4%) and dysesthesia (15.3%), frontal muscle weakness (10.3%), exophthalmos (1.4%), enophthalmos (4.1%), diplopia (6.6%; 2% were related to surgical approach), and persistent periorbital and eyelid swelling (3%). Approximately 90% of the patients reported subjectively that surgery did not affect their quality of life or complained of only minor problems that did not influence their quality of life significantly. The mean time needed for orbitotomy and orbital reconstruction was approximately half an hour.CONCLUSIONSComprehensive knowledge of the potential complications and overall clinical outcomes of the FOZ approach can be of great utility to neurosurgeons in balancing the well-known benefits of the approach with potential additional morbidities.
Thermes et pratiques balnéaires dans le chef-lieu de cité des Parisii
Authors: Bouet Alain , Saragoza Florence 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung. In Lutetia zählt man vier Bäderkomplexe, die Entwicklung der Thermen von der frühen Kaiserzeit bis in die Spätantike illustrieren. Ausgehend von der Untersuchung der Grabungsarchive und deren Gegenüberstellung mit den Grundrissen dieser bei älteren Grabungen freigelegten Bauwerke ist es nun möglich, eine neue Interpretation dieser Thermen vorzulegen. Bestimmte Eigenschaften, wie die piscina calida in den thermes de Cluny oder sehr große Latrinen in den Thermen der rue Gay-Lussac,
zeugen vom Reichtum der thermalen Architektur im Hauptort der Parisii.
Molecular basis for TANK recognition by TRAF1 revealed by the crystal structure of TRAF1/TANK complex
Authors: Kim Chang Min , Jeong Jae‐Hee , Son Young‐Jin , Choi Jun‐Hyuk , Kim Sunghwan , Park Hyun Ho 
Published: February 2017

Tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 1 (TRAF1) is a multifunctional adaptor protein involved in important processes of cellular signaling, including innate immunity and apoptosis. TRAF family member‐associated NF‐kappaB activator (TANK) has been identified as a competitive intracellular inhibitor of TRAF2 function. Although TRAF recognition by various receptors has been studied extensively in the field of TRAF‐mediated biology, molecular and functional details of TANK recognition and interaction with TRAF1 have not been studied. In this study, we report the crystal structure of the TRAF1/TANK peptide complex. Quantitative interaction experiments showed that TANK peptide interacts with both TRAF1 and TRAF2 with similar affinity in a micromolar range. Our structural study also reveals that TANK binds TRAF1 using a minor minimal consensus motif for TRAF binding, Px(Q/E)xT.DatabaseCoordinate and structural factor were deposited in the Protein Data Bank under PDB ID code 5H10.
Sex‐specific genetic diversity is shaped by cultural factors in Inner Asian human populations
Authors: Marchi Nina , Hegay Tatyana , Mennecier Philippe , Georges Myriam , Laurent Romain , Whitten Mark , Endicott Philipp , Aldashev Almaz , Dorzhu Choduraa , Nasyrova Firuza , Chichlo Boris , Ségurel Laure , Heyer Evelyne 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesSex‐specific genetic structures have been previously documented worldwide in humans, even though causal factors have not always clearly been identified. In this study, we investigated the impact of ethnicity, geography and social organization on the sex‐specific genetic structure in Inner Asia. Furthermore, we explored the process of ethnogenesis in multiple ethnic groups.MethodsWe sampled DNA in Central and Northern Asia from 39 populations of Indo‐Iranian and Turkic‐Mongolic native speakers. We focused on genetic data of the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA. First, we compared the frequencies of haplogroups to South European and East Asian populations. Then, we investigated the genetic differentiation for eight Y‐STRs and the HVS1 region, and tested for the effect of geography and ethnicity on such patterns. Finally, we reconstructed the male demographic history, inferred split times and effective population sizes of different ethnic groups.ResultsBased on the haplogroup data, we observed that the Indo‐Iranian‐ and Turkic‐Mongolic‐speaking populations have distinct genetic backgrounds. However, each population showed consistent mtDNA and Y chromosome haplogroups patterns. As expected in patrilocal populations, we found that the Y‐STRs were more structured than the HVS1. While ethnicity strongly influenced the genetic diversity on the Y chromosome, geography better explained that of the mtDNA. Furthermore, when looking at various ethnic groups, we systematically found a genetic split time older than historical records, suggesting a cultural rather than biological process of ethnogenesis.ConclusionsThis study highlights that, in Inner Asia, specific cultural behaviors, especially patrilineality and patrilocality, leave a detectable signature on the sex‐specific genetic structure.