bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of blue light on inflammation and skin barrier recovery following acute perturbation. Pilot study results in healthy human subjects
Authors: Falcone Denise , Uzunbajakava Natallia E. , van Abeelen Frank , Oversluizen Gerrit , Peppelman Malou , van Erp Piet E. J. , van de Kerkhof Peter C. M. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackground/purposeWhile growing evidence supports the therapeutic effect of 453 nm blue light in chronic inflammatory skin diseases, data on its effects on acutely perturbed human skin are scarce. In this study, we investigated the impact of 453 nm narrow‐band LED light on healthy skin following acute perturbation.MethodsTape stripping and histamine iontophoresis were performed on the forearm of 22 healthy volunteers on 2 consecutive weeks. In 1 week, challenges were followed by irradiation for 30 minutes. In the other week (control), no light was administered. Reactions were evaluated up to 72 hours thereafter by transepidermal water loss (TEWL), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and skin surface biomarkers.ResultsSkin barrier disruption resulted in upregulation of IL‐1α at 24 hours after tape stripping (P = .029). In contrast, irradiation abrogated this effect (P > .05). Irradiation also resulted in higher TEWL at 24 hours and in higher b* value at 72 hours after tape stripping compared to the control (P = .034 and P = .018, respectively). At 30 minutes following histamine iontophoresis and irradiation, a trend toward a higher a* value compared to the control was observed (P = .051).ConclusionWe provide the first in vivo evidence that blue light at 453 nm exerts biological effects on acutely perturbed healthy human skin.
Drug delivery strategies for chemoprevention of UVB‐induced skin cancer: A review
Authors: Bagde Arvind , Mondal Arindam , Singh Mandip 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAnnually, more skin cancer cases are diagnosed than the collective incidence of the colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancer. Persistent contact with sunlight is a primary cause for all the skin malignancies. UVB radiation induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the skin which eventually leads to DNA damage and mutation. Various delivery approaches for the skin cancer treatment/prevention have been evolving and are directed toward improvements in terms of delivery modes, therapeutic agents, and site‐specificity of therapeutics delivery. The effective chemoprevention activity achieved is based on the efficiency of the delivery system used and the amount of the therapeutic molecule deposited in the skin. In this article, we have discussed different studies performed specifically for the chemoprevention of UVB‐induced skin cancer. Ultra‐flexible nanocarriers, transethosomes nanocarriers, silica nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, nanocapsule suspensions, microemulsion, nanoemulsion, and polymeric nanoparticles which have been used so far to deliver the desired drug molecule for preventing the UVB‐induced skin cancer.
Determining best outcomes from community‐acquired pneumonia and how to achieve them
Authors: Hadfield Jane , Bennett Lesley 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTCommunity‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common acute medical illness with a standard, effective treatment that was introduced before the evidenced‐based medicine era. Mortality rates have improved in recent decades but improvements have been minimal when compared to other conditions such as acute coronary syndromes. The standardized approach to treatment makes CAP a target for comparative performance and outcome measures. While easy to collect, simplistic outcomes such as mortality, readmission and length of stay are difficult to interpret as they can be affected by subjective choices and health care resources. Proposed clinical‐ and patient‐reported outcomes are discussed below and include measures such as the time to clinical stability (TTCS) and patient satisfaction, which can be compared between health institutions. Strategies to improve these outcomes include use of a risk stratification tool, local antimicrobial guidelines with antibiotic stewardship and care bundles to include early administration of antibiotics and early mobilization.
Epidemiology and impact of bloodstream infections among kidney transplant recipients: A retrospective single‐center experience
Authors: Shendi Ali M. , Wallis Gabriel , Painter Helena , Harber Mark , Collier Sophie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundBloodstream infection (BSI) represents an important source of morbidity and mortality, as well as an increasing therapeutic challenge, among solid organ transplant recipients. Understanding the epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of BSI following renal transplantation is paramount to the implementation of appropriate preventative and therapeutic measures.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all BSI episodes occurring between July 2009 and April 2016 in adult patients, who received a renal transplant at Royal Free London hospital.ResultsA total of 116 episodes of BSI occurred in 87 patients, 43 (49.4%) of them men. The mean age at BSI was 54.37 ± 12.81 years. Late‐onset BSI (>12 months post transplant) represented 55.2%, with the median time to BSI being 16.28 month. Sixty‐seven patients had single BSI and 20 had recurrent episodes. Enterobacteriaceae were responsible for 73.7% of BSI, with Escherichia coli the commonest causative organism (46.6%). The urinary tract was the most frequent source of infection in 56.9%. Among the E. coli infections, 100% of the tested isolates were sensitive to meropenem, ertapenem, tigecycline, and fosfomycin, and >90% were sensitive to piperacillin‐tazobactam, amikacin, and colistin. Lower susceptibility rates were encountered for ceftriaxone (70.6%), amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid (48.1%), cotrimoxazole (40.4%), trimethoprim (37.3%), and amoxicillin (21.6%). During BSI, the median serum creatinine increased from a reference of 131 μmol/L to a peak of 219 μmol/L. Acute kidney injury (AKI) complicated 75/116 BSI episodes (64.7%)—stage 1: 34, stage 2: 31, and stage 3 AKI: 10 episodes. After 3 months, the median creatinine remained elevated at 146 μmol/L. The 3‐month mortality rate was 8% (7/87), and the death‐censored graft loss was 6.9% (6/87). No significant difference was seen between BSI of urinary and non‐urinary sources in the incidence of AKI (χ2 = 0.24, P = .6) or the percentage of creatinine change between baseline and peak and 3‐month creatinines (P = .2 and .7 respectively).ConclusionsUrinary tract infection remains the commonest source of systemic infection among kidney transplant recipients and resistance to commonly used frontline antibiotics is common; thus, prevention and early detection are paramount. The appropriate choice of initial empirical antibiotic is vital to improve the outcome. Each unit needs to understand the epidemiology of organisms causing BSI in their transplant patients and their antibiotic susceptibilities.
Biomechanical properties of feline ventral abdominal wall and celiotomy closure techniques
Authors: Reina Rodriguez Fernando S. , Buckley Conor T. , Milgram Joshua , Kirby Barbara M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare biomechanical properties and mechanism of failure of 3 regions of ventral abdominal wall in cats by using 2 suture materials, 2 suture bite‐to‐stitch intervals (SBSI), and full‐thickness versus fascia‐only closure.Study DesignRandomized, cadaveric, ex vivo mechanical testing.Sample Population16 adult cat cadavers, 3 samples per cat.MethodsThree regions of ventral abdominal wall were mechanically tested (N = 48 samples). Preumbilical, umbilical (U), and postumbilical (POU) regions were harvested by using a template. The thickness of the linea alba was recorded. Six samples without celiotomy served as controls. Twenty‐eight samples were randomized to SBSI (2 × 2 or 5 × 5 mm) and suture material (3‐0 polyglactin 910 or 3‐0 polydioxanone) for simple continuous celiotomy closure. Fourteen samples were randomized to full‐thickness or fascia‐only closure. Samples were tested by linear distraction; tensile strength and mechanism of failure were recorded. Effects of body weight, thickness of linea alba, anatomic region, SBSI, type of closure, and suture material were evaluated by mixed model linear analysis. Load to failure was compared between males and females, full‐thickness and fascia‐only closure by independent t test, with P < .05 considered statistically significant.ResultsThe POU region achieved lower loads to failure. Load to failure was greater in males compared with females. No difference was detected between full‐thickness and fascia‐only closure. Failure most commonly occurred by tearing of suture through tissues. Tissue failure with suture line loosening occurred mainly in the 5 × 5‐mm SBSI group.ConclusionThe POU region is biomechanically weak and may therefore be predisposed to incisional herniation.
Educating youth swine exhibitors on influenza A virus transmission at agricultural fairs
Authors: Nolting J. M. , Midla J. , Whittington M. S. , Scheer S. D. , Bowman A. S. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryInfluenza A virus (IAV) is a major zoonotic pathogen that threatens global public health. Novel strains of influenza A viruses pose a significant risk to public health due to their pandemic potential, and transmission of influenza A viruses from animals to humans is an important mechanism in the generation and introduction of IAVs that threaten human health. The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to develop real‐life training scenarios to better inform swine exhibitors of the risks they may encounter when influenza A viruses are present in swine. Educational activities were implemented in five Ohio counties where exhibition swine had historically been shedding influenza A viruses during the county fair. A total of 146 youth swine exhibitors participated in the educational programme, and an increase in the knowledge base of these youth was documented. It is expected that educating youth exhibitors about exposure to influenza A virus infections in the swine they are exhibiting will result in altered behaviours and animal husbandry practices that will improve both human and animal health.
The physical and mental health problems of refugee and migrant fathers: findings from an Australian population-based study of children and their families
Authors: Giallo Rebecca , Riggs Elisha , Lynch Claire , Vanpraag Dannielle , Yelland Jane , Szwarc Josef , Duell-Piening Philippa , Tyrell Lauren , Casey Sue , Brown Stephanie Janne 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to report on the physical and mental health of migrant and refugee fathers participating in a population-based study of Australian children and their families.DesignCross-sectional survey data drawn from a population-based longitudinal study when children were aged 4–5 years.SettingPopulation-based study of Australian children and their families.Participants8137 fathers participated in the study when their children were aged 4–5 years. There were 131 (1.6%) fathers of likely refugee background, 872 (10.7%) fathers who migrated from English-speaking countries, 1005 (12.4%) fathers who migrated from non-English-speaking countries and 6129 (75.3%) Australian-born fathers.Primary outcome measuresFathers’ psychological distress was assessed using the self-report Kessler-6. Information pertaining to physical health conditions, global or overall health, alcohol and tobacco use, and body mass index status was obtained.ResultsCompared with Australian-born fathers, fathers of likely refugee background (adjusted OR(aOR) 3.17, 95% CI 2.13 to 4.74) and fathers from non-English-speaking countries (aOR 1.79, 95%CI 1.51 to 2.13) had higher odds of psychological distress. Refugee fathers were more likely to report fair to poor overall health (aOR 1.95, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.60) and being underweight (aOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.57 to 7.74) compared with Australian-born fathers. Refugee fathers and those from non-English-speaking countries were less likely to report light (aOR 0.25, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.43, and aOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.37, respectively) and moderate to harmful alcohol use (aOR 0.04, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.17, and aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.19, respectively) than Australian-born fathers. Finally, fathers from non-English-speaking and English-speaking countries were less likely to be overweight (aOR 0.62, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.75, and aOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.03, respectively) and obese (aOR 0.43, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.58, and aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.98, respectively) than Australian-born fathers.ConclusionFathers of refugee background experience poorer mental health and poorer general health than Australian-born fathers. Fathers who have migrated from non-English-speaking countries also report greater psychological distress than Australian-born fathers. This underscores the need for primary healthcare services to tailor efforts to reduce disparities in health outcomes for refugee populations that may be vulnerable due to circumstances and sequelae of forced migration and to recognise the additional psychological stresses that may accompany fatherhood following migration from non-English-speaking countries. It is important to note that refugee and migrant fathers report less alcohol use and are less likely to be overweight and obese than Australian-born fathers.
Interpretation of health news items reported with or without spin: protocol for a prospective meta-analysis of 16 randomised controlled trials
Authors: Haneef Romana , Yavchitz Amélie , Ravaud Philippe , Baron Gabriel , Oranksy Ivan , Schwitzer Gary , Boutron Isabelle 
Published: November 2017

IntroductionWe aim to compare the interpretation of health news items reported with or without spin. ‘Spin’ is defined as a misrepresentation of study results, regardless of motive (intentionally or unintentionally) that overemphasises the beneficial effects of the intervention and overstates safety compared with that shown by the results.Methods and analysisWe have planned a series of 16 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to perform a prospective meta-analysis. We will select a sample of health news items reporting the results of four types of study designs, evaluating the effect of pharmacological treatment and containing the highest amount of spin in the headline and text. News items reporting four types of studies will be included: (1) preclinical studies; (2) phase I/II (non-randomised) trials; (3) RCTs and (4) observational studies. We will rewrite the selected news items and remove the spin. The original news and rewritten news will be appraised by four types of populations: (1) French-speaking patients; (2) French-speaking general public; (3) English-speaking patients and (4) English-speaking general public. Each RCT will explore the interpretation of news items reporting one of the four study designs by each type of population and will include a sample size of 300 participants. The primary outcome will be participants’ interpretation of the benefit of treatment after reading the news items: (What do you think is the probability that treatment X would be beneficial to patients? (scale, 0 (very unlikely) to 10 (very likely)).This study will evaluate the impact of spin on the interpretation of health news reporting results of studies by patients and the general public.Ethics and disseminationThis study has obtained ethics approval from the Institutional Review Board of the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (registration no: IRB00003888). The description of all the steps and the results of this prospective meta-analysis will be available online and will be disseminated as a published article. On the completion of this study, the results will be sent to all participants.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017058941.
Early vasopressor use following traumatic injury: a systematic review
Authors: Hylands Mathieu , Toma Augustin , Beaudoin Nicolas , Frenette Anne Julie , D’Aragon Frédérick , Belley-Côté Émilie , Charbonney Emmanuel , Møller Morten Hylander , Laake Jon Henrik , Vandvik Per Olav , Siemieniuk Reed Alexander , Rochwerg Bram , Lauzier François , Green Robert S , Ball Ian , Scales Damon , Murthy Srinivas , Kwong Joey S W , Guyatt Gordon , Rizoli Sandro , Asfar Pierre , Lamontagne François 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesCurrent guidelines suggest limiting the use of vasopressors following traumatic injury; however, wide variations in practice exist. Although excessive vasoconstriction may be harmful, these agents may help reduce administration of potentially harmful resuscitation fluids. This systematic review aims to compare early vasopressor use to standard resuscitation in adults with trauma-induced shock.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception until October 2016, as well as the proceedings of 10 relevant international conferences from 2005 to 2016.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised controlled trials and controlled observational studies that compared the early vasopressor use with standard resuscitation in adults with acute traumatic injury.ResultsOf 8001 citations, we retrieved 18 full-text articles and included 6 studies (1 randomised controlled trial and 5 observational studies), including 2 published exclusively in abstract form. Across observational studies, vasopressor use was associated with increased short-term mortality, with unadjusted risk ratios ranging from 2.31 to 7.39. However, the risk of bias was considered high in these observational studies because patients who received vasopressors were systematically sicker than patients treated without vasopressors. One clinical trial (n=78) was too imprecise to yield meaningful results. Two clinical trials are currently ongoing. No study measured long-term quality of life or cognitive function.ConclusionsExisting data on the effects of vasopressors following traumatic injury are of very low quality according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. With emerging evidence of harm associated with aggressive fluid resuscitation and, in selected subgroups of patients, with permissive hypotension, the alternatives to vasopressor therapy are limited. Observational data showing that vasopressors are part of usual care would provide a strong justification for high-quality clinical trials of early vasopressor use during trauma resuscitation.Trial registration numberCRD42016033437.
Contribution of short sleep duration to ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease: results from a cohort study in the Netherlands
Authors: Anujuo Kenneth , Agyemang Charles , Snijder Marieke B , Jean-Louis Girardin , Born Bert-Jan van den , Peters Ron J G , Stronks Karien 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesWe analysed association between short sleep duration and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a multiethnic population living in the Netherlands, and the contribution of short sleep to the observed ethnic differences in the prevalence of CVD, independent of CVD risk factors.Methods20 730 participants (aged 18–71 years) of the HELIUS (Healthy Life in an Urban Setting) Study were investigated. Self-reported sleep duration was classified as: short (<7 hours/night) and healthy (7–9 hours/night). Prevalence of CVD was assessed using the Rose Questionnaire on angina pectoris, intermittent claudication and possible myocardial infarction. Association of short sleep duration with prevalent CVD and the contribution of short sleep to the observed ethnic differences in the prevalence of CVD were analysed using adjusted prevalence ratio(s) (PRs) with 95% CI.ResultsResults indicate that short sleep was associated with CVD among all ethnic groups with PRs ranging from 1.41 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.65) in Moroccans to 1.62 (95% CI 1.20 to 2.18) in Dutch after adjustment for age, sex and conventional CVD risk factors. The independent contributions of short sleep (in percentage) to ethnic differences in CVD compared with Dutch were 10%, 15%, 15%, 5% and 5% in South-Asian Surinamese, African-Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish and Moroccan, respectively.ConclusionShort sleep contributed to ethnic differences in CVD independent of well-known CVD risk factors particularly in Surinamese and Ghanaian groups. Reducing sleep deprivation may be a relevant entry point for reducing increased CVD risks among the various ethnic minority groups.
Physical activity in former elite cricketers and strategies for promoting physical activity after retirement from cricket: a qualitative study
Authors: Filbay Stephanie R , Bishop Felicity L , Peirce Nicholas , Jones Mary E , Arden Nigel K 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesThe health benefits of professional sport dissipate after retirement unless an active lifestyle is adopted, yet reasons for adopting an active or inactive lifestyle after retirement from sport are poorly understood. Elite cricket is all-encompassing, requiring a high volume of activity and unique physical demands. We aimed to identify influences on physical activity behaviours in active and insufficiently active former elite cricketers and provide practical strategies for promoting physical activity after cricket retirement.Design18 audio-recorded semistructured telephone interviews were performed. An inductive thematic approach was used and coding was iterative and data-driven facilitated by NVivo software. Themes were compared between sufficiently active and insufficiently active participants.SettingAll participants formerly played professional cricket in the UK.ParticipantsParticipants were male, mean age 57±11 (range 34–77) years, participated in professional cricket for 12±7 seasons and retired on average 23±9 years previously. Ten participants (56%) were classified as sufficiently active according to the UK Physical Activity Guidelines (moderate-intensity activity ≥150 min per week or vigorous-intensity activity ≥75 min per week). Eight participants did not meet these guidelines and were classified as insufficiently active.ResultsKey physical activity influences were time constraints, habit formation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, physical activity preferences, pain/physical impairment and cricket coaching. Recommendations for optimising physical activity across the lifespan after cricket retirement included; prioritise physical activity, establish a physical activity plan prior to cricket retirement and don’t take a break from physical activity, evaluate sources of physical activity motivation and incorporate into a physical activity plan, find multiple forms of satisfying physical activity that can be adapted to accommodate fluctuations in physical capabilities across the lifespan and coach cricket.ConclusionsPhysically active and less active retired cricketers shared contrasting attributes that informed recommendations for promoting a sustainable, physically active lifestyle after retirement from professional cricket.