bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mean‐State and Seasonal Variability in Temperature Structure and Heat Transport in the East Australian Current System From a Multi‐Decadal Regional Ocean Model
Authors: Sobral Fernando , Roughan Moninya , Malan Neil , Li Junde 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWestern Boundary Currents (WBCs) such as the East Australian Current (EAC) are vital for moving heat from low to high latitudes, controlling regional weather and global climate. Previous EAC System studies have provided a general overview of temperature variability and heat transport, but they lacked spatial and seasonal detail. Using a high‐resolution, 26‐year‐long ocean model simulation, we systematically characterize the seasonal variability and structure in key temperature metrics and heat transport in the EAC System. Our findings reveal a clear seasonal cycle with a poleward expansion of key variables in summer (mean and eddy kinetic energy, upper ocean heat content, heat transport) and contraction equatorward with reductions in winter. We show that the dynamical regime transition, from jet to eddy‐dominated at the EAC separation zone (S), modifies the net meridional heat transport. Upstream of separation, transport is poleward, with some zonal input of heat. Downstream of EAC separation, there is an increase in heat recirculation by mesoscale eddies combined with a smaller zonal export of heat. This study highlights the significance of resolving spatio‐temporal variability in WBC systems driven by mesoscale dynamics, which will have implications for the representation of critical dynamics in future climate models.
Divergent Responses of Fir and Pine Trees to Increasing CO2 Levels in the Face of Climate Change
Authors: Correa‐Díaz A. , Gómez‐Guerrero A. , Castruita‐Esparza L. U. , Silva L. C. R. , Horwath W. R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the response of forests to the increases in atmospheric CO2 (ca) is fundamental to implementing innovative management strategies and for assessing impacts on the global carbon and water cycles. Here, we explored correlations between ecophysiological traits and climate variability that influence changes in stable isotope carbon and oxygen (δ13C and δ18O) of tree‐rings. We present these relationships between species of the contrasting genera Abies and Pinus, along a latitudinal transect encompassing different biogeographical regions in North America. We also tested if the rate of intrinsic water‐use efficiency per unit of ca (dW/dca) during two periods (1890–1965 vs. 1966–2016), for fir and pine were different and indicated acclimation to ca increases. We hypothesize that, spatially and temporally, the divergent responses among species to carbon and oxygen isotopes and dW/dca are influenced by the site conditions and the historical increases in ca. From our results, we show that fir and pine species will behave physiologically different as global warming progresses. Firs are more responsive to atmosphere vapor pressure deficit along different geographical zones. The survival of forests species under climate change will rely on the response to water stress and species' traits that influence the regulation of dW. Finally, we want to highlight the concept of “progressive resource limitation” of soil water and nutrients, previously proposed by other authors, that likely indicate fir species that inhabit moister sites will benefit more from increased ca than pine, but this positive effect is likely transitory as global warming increases.
The Origin and Nature of Magnetic Particles From Soils and Sediments Constrained by Hydrodynamics and Geochemistry Around a Tropical Lagoon System
Authors: Zhang Xinming , Long Xiaoyong , Xiong Chunlin , Liu Chuan , Song Yanwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMagnetic iron oxides are commonly enriched in soils and sediments on Earth's surface. Magnetic properties are widely employed in soil taxonomy, sediment tracing and paleoclimate reconstruction as indicators of associated pedogenic and depositional processes. However, in coastal regions, frequent shifts in pedogenesis and diagenesis accompanied by changes in hydrodynamic and geochemical conditions from land to sea can influence the formation and preservation of magnetic particles in sediment sequences. To discern the origin and nature of magnetic particles driven by these processes, we systematically examined soils and sediments around a tropical lagoon that has been closing for two hundred years. We found that the finest superparamagnetic particles are enriched along with hematite from inland soils with high‐Fe and high‐Al backgrounds, which was driven by pedogenesis. Single‐domain ferrimagnetic particles are enriched along with amorphous iron oxides in the lagoon with high‐Mg and high‐Mn backgrounds, which was driven by early diagenesis in quiet and reducing depositional environments. Coarse titanomagnetite particles are strongly enriched in inshore sediments with high‐Si and high‐Ti backgrounds, which was driven by seawater elutriation. However, magnetic particles in barrier bar soils have mixed features depending on the neighboring environment. Identifying magnetic particles derived from different soils and sediments in tropical coastal regions can assist in tropical coastal paleoclimate and paleoenvironment reconstruction on the basis of magnetic properties along coastal sediment sequences.
Impacts of Anthropogenic Emissions and Open Biomass Burning in South Asia and Southeast Asia on Air Quality and Meteorology Over Southern China
Authors: Li Dongpu , Liu Hongli , Liu Jianbao , Li Jing , Wang Kaicun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe emissions from South Asia and Southeast Asia significantly impact air quality and meteorological conditions in China. However, the individual or joint contributions of anthropogenic emissions and/or biomass burning from outside China to surface particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) over southern China have not been fully investigated. Here, five experiments were designed to investigate the impacts of these emissions in January (winter), March (pre‐monsoon), and October (post‐monsoon) for 2017. Aerosols from South Asia and Southeast Asia contributed less to southern China during winter and post‐monsoon seasons, whereas the wind patterns and emission intensity during the pre‐monsoon season were conducive to the transport of aerosols. During pre‐monsoon season, the total emissions contributed approximately 5.0 μg m−3 to surface PM2.5 in Xizang Province. Biomass burning in Southeast Asia increased PM2.5 in Yunnan Province by 37.9 μg m−3, while anthropogenic emissions increased it by 8.9 μg m−3. Transboundary aerosols can be transported to Xizang Province and Yunnan Province, primarily influencing PM2.5 below 2 km height. It mainly affected PM2.5 levels above the planetary boundary layer over southeast China. Aerosols from outside China can account for 79.5% and 54.8% AOD in Yunnan Province and southeast China, respectively. These aerosols reduced surface incident solar radiation by approximately 6%, leading to decreases in air temperature, wind speed, and boundary layer height. The findings are only applicable to the pre‐monsoon season.
Importance of Intraseasonal Oscillation for the Regional Extreme Consecutive dry Days Events in Spring Over Southern China
Authors: Zeng Zixuan , Sun Jianqi , He Shengping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the influences of intraseasonal oscillation on two types of regional extreme consecutive dry days events (RECDD) in spring over Southern China (SC). For type‐1 RECDD occurring in entire SC, the 7–25 days and 25–90 days high over Lake Balkhash‐Baikal are important. The 7–25 days high first causes lower‐tropospheric northerlies and moisture deficit in SC, then propagates to Yangtze River Basin and causes lower‐tropospheric warming and decaying moisture deficit in SC. These processes favor dry condition in SC for 1 week. In comparison, the 25–90 days high and associated lower‐tropospheric warming and moisture deficit in SC favor dry condition there for more than one week. For type‐2 RECDD occurring in the southern part of SC, the 7–25 days and 25–90 days high over Northeast Asia are important. The 7–25 days high contributes for one week. It first causes lower‐tropospheric anticyclone around the East China Sea and south‐negative–north‐positive moisture pattern in SC, then propagates to the Sea of Japan and causes lower‐tropospheric south‐warming–north‐cooling pattern and decaying south‐negative–north‐positive moisture pattern in SC. In comparison, the 25–90 days high and associated lower‐tropospheric south‐warming–north‐cooling pattern and south‐negative–north‐positive moisture pattern in SC favor south‐dry–north‐wet pattern there for more than one week. Moreover, the 7–25 days low and decaying 25–90 days high over Lake Balkhash‐Baikal, concurring with 7–25 days low over Bay of Bengal, favor the end of type‐1 RECDD; the 7–25 days low and decaying 25–90 days high over Northeast Asia favor the end of type‐2 RECDD.
Imaging Spectroscopy‐Based Estimation of Aboveground Biomass in Louisiana's Coastal Wetlands: Toward Consistent Spectroscopic Retrievals Across Atmospheric States
Authors: Jensen Daniel , Thompson David R. , Simard Marc , Solohin Elena , Castañeda‐Moya Edward 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeveloping accurate landscape‐scale aboveground biomass (AGB) maps is critical to understanding coastal deltaic wetland resilience, as AGB influences stability and elevation dynamics in herbaceous wetlands. Here we used AVIRIS‐NG imaging spectrometer (or “hyperspectral”) data from NASA's 2021 Delta‐X mission in coastal Louisiana to map seasonal changes in herbaceous AGB across two deltaic basins with contrasting sediment delivery and hydrologic regimes: the Atchafalaya (active) and Terrebonne (inactive). We assessed the impact of atmospheric effects on our retrievals, as high water vapor content in August 2021 caused significant noise in the 880–1,000 and 1,080–1,200 nm near‐infrared (NIR) wavelengths. We hypothesized that correcting these wavelengths with our conditional Gaussian interpolation algorithm would improve AGB estimates due to their association with plant canopy water content. We empirically assessed the performance of the corrected spectra on AGB estimates using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), finding that the corrected NIR bands attained high variable importance and reduced estimation errors. Our Random Forest regression approach based on the corrected spectra attained equivalent error metrics via leave‐one‐out‐cross‐validation as the PLSR models (R2 = 0.43, mean absolute error = 257.3 g/m2) while greatly improving the AGB maps' visual quality, having better captured variability while reducing noise and discontinuities in AGB estimates across flightlines. The maps show differing seasonal growth, with the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne Basins' AGB increasing from means of 4.3–9.4 and 4.6–8.9 Mg/ha, respectively. We demonstrated that imaging spectroscopy can be applied to assess herbaceous biomass stocks, growth patterns, and resilience in coastal ecosystems.
Quasicrystal metasurface for optical holography and diffraction
Authors: Wen Xin , Hu Zixian , Wang Heng , Chen Yu , Ma Qichang , Li Guixin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractQuasicrystal metasurfaces, a kind of two-dimensional artificial optical materials with subwavelength meta-atoms arranged in quasi-periodic tiling schemes, have attracted extensive attentions due to their novel optical properties. In a recent work, a dual-functional quasicrystal metasurface, which can be used to simultaneously generate the diffraction pattern and holographic image, is experimentally demonstrated. The proposed method expands the manipulation dimensions for multi-functional quasicrystal metasurfaces and may have important applications in microscopy, optical information processing, optical encryption, etc.
Transport mechanism and structural pharmacology of human urate transporter URAT1
Authors: Dai Yaxin , Lee Chia-Hsueh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUrate is an endogenous product of purine metabolism in the liver. High urate levels in the blood lead to gout, a very common and painful inflammatory arthritis. Excreted urate is reabsorbed in the kidney mainly by URAT1 antiporter, a key target for anti-gout drugs. To uncover the mechanisms of urate transport and drug inhibition, we determined cryo-EM structures of human URAT1 with urate, counter anion pyrazinoate, or anti-gout drugs of different chemotypes — lesinurad, verinurad, and dotinurad. We captured the outward-to-inward transition of URAT1 during urate uptake, revealing that urate binds in a phenylalanine-rich pocket and engages with key gating residues to drive the transport cycle. In contrast to the single binding site for urate, pyrazinoate interacts with three distinct, functionally relevant sites within URAT1, a mechanism that has not yet been observed in other anion antiporters. In addition, we found that while all three drugs compete with substrates and halt the transport cycle, verinurad and dotinurad further hijack gating residues to achieve high potency. These insights advance our understanding of organic anion transport and provide a foundation for designing improved gout therapeutics.
Electrohydraulic musculoskeletal robotic leg for agile, adaptive, yet energy-efficient locomotion
Authors: Buchner Thomas J. K. , Fukushima Toshihiko , Kazemipour Amirhossein , Gravert Stephan-Daniel , Prairie Manon , Romanescu Pascal , Arm Philip , Zhang Yu , Wang Xingrui , Zhang Steven L. , Walter Johannes , Keplinger Christoph , Katzschmann Robert K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRobotic locomotion in unstructured terrain demands an agile, adaptive, and energy-efficient architecture. To traverse such terrains, legged robots use rigid electromagnetic motors and sensorized drivetrains to adapt to the environment actively. These systems struggle to compete with animals that excel through their agile and effortless motion in natural environments. We propose a bio-inspired musculoskeletal leg architecture driven by antagonistic pairs of electrohydraulic artificial muscles. Our leg is mounted on a boom arm and can adaptively hop on varying terrain in an energy-efficient yet agile manner. It can also detect obstacles through capacitive self-sensing. The leg performs powerful and agile gait motions beyond 5 Hz and high jumps up to 40 % of the leg height. Our leg’s tunable stiffness and inherent adaptability allow it to hop over grass, sand, gravel, pebbles, and large rocks using only open-loop force control. The electrohydraulic leg features a low cost of transport (0.73), and while squatting, it consumes only a fraction of the energy (1.2 %) compared to its conventional electromagnetic counterpart. Its agile, adaptive, and energy-efficient properties would open a roadmap toward a new class of musculoskeletal robots for versatile locomotion and operation in unstructured natural environments.
Polyphosphonate covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Xu Ke , Oestreich Robert , Haj Hassani Sohi Takin , Lounasvuori Mailis , Ruthes Jean G. A. , Zorlu Yunus , Michalski Julia , Seiffert Philipp , Strothmann Till , Tholen Patrik , Ozgur Yazaydin A. , Suta Markus , Presser Volker , Petit Tristan , Janiak Christoph , Beckmann Jens , Schmedt auf der Günne Jörn , Yücesan Gündoğ 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHerein, we report polyphosphonate covalent organic frameworks (COFs) constructed via P-O-P linkages. The materials are synthesized via a single-step condensation reaction of the charge-assisted hydrogen-bonded organic framework, which is constructed from phenylphosphonic acid and 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis[p‐phenylphosphonic acid]porphyrin and is formed by simply heating its hydrogen-bonded precursor without using chemical reagents. Above 210 °C, it becomes an amorphous microporous polymeric structure due to the oligomerization of P-O-P bonds, which could be shown by constant-time solid-state double-quantum 31P nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The polyphosphonate COF exhibits good water and water vapor stability during the gas sorption measurements, and electrochemical stability in 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte in water. The reported family of COFs fills a significant gap in the literature by providing stable microporous COFs suitable for use in water and electrolytes. Additionally, we provide a sustainable synthesis route for the COF synthesis. The narrow pores of the COF effectively capture CO2.
A working memory dependent dual process model of the testing effect
Authors: Zheng Yicong , Shi Aike , Liu Xiaonan L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis Perspective article expands on a working memory-dependent dual-process model, originally proposed by Zheng et al.1, to elucidate individual differences in the testing effect. This model posits that the testing effect comprises two processes: retrieval-attempt and post-retrieval re-encoding. We substantiate this model with empirical evidence and propose future research. This model invites further studies on the trade-off between testing benefits and WM demands, facilitating the development of personalized educational practices.
Oligodendroglial fatty acid metabolism as a central nervous system energy reserve
Authors: Asadollahi Ebrahim , Trevisiol Andrea , Saab Aiman S. , Looser Zoe J. , Dibaj Payam , Ebrahimi Reyhane , Kusch Kathrin , Ruhwedel Torben , Möbius Wiebke , Jahn Olaf , Lee Jun Yup , Don Anthony S. , Khalil Michelle-Amirah , Hiller Karsten , Baes Myriam , Weber Bruno , Abel E. Dale , Ballabio Andrea , Popko Brian , Kassmann Celia M. , Ehrenreich Hannelore , Hirrlinger Johannes , Nave Klaus-Armin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBrain function requires a constant supply of glucose. However, the brain has no known energy stores, except for glycogen granules in astrocytes. In the present study, we report that continuous oligodendroglial lipid metabolism provides an energy reserve in white matter tracts. In the isolated optic nerve from young adult mice of both sexes, oligodendrocytes survive glucose deprivation better than astrocytes. Under low glucose, both axonal ATP levels and action potentials become dependent on fatty acid β-oxidation. Importantly, ongoing oligodendroglial lipid degradation feeds rapidly into white matter energy metabolism. Although not supporting high-frequency spiking, fatty acid β-oxidation in mitochondria and oligodendroglial peroxisomes protects axons from conduction blocks when glucose is limiting. Disruption of the glucose transporter GLUT1 expression in oligodendrocytes of adult mice perturbs myelin homeostasis in vivo and causes gradual demyelination without behavioral signs. This further suggests that the imbalance of myelin synthesis and degradation can underlie myelin thinning in aging and disease.
The Aphasia Recovery Cohort, an open-source chronic stroke repository
Authors: Gibson Makayla , Newman-Norlund Roger , Bonilha Leonardo , Fridriksson Julius , Hickok Gregory , Hillis Argye E. , den Ouden Dirk-Bart , Rorden Christopher 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSharing neuroimaging datasets enables reproducibility, education, tool development, and new discoveries. Neuroimaging from many studies are publicly available, providing a glimpse into progressive disorders and human development. In contrast, few stroke studies are shared, and these datasets lack longitudinal sampling of functional imaging, diffusion imaging, as well as the behavioral and demographic data that encourage novel applications. This is surprising, as stroke is a leading cause of disability, and acquiring brain imaging is considered standard of care. The first release of the Aphasia Recovery Cohort includes imaging data, demographics and behavioral measures from 230 chronic stroke survivors who experienced aphasia. We also share scripts to illustrate how the imaging data can predict impairment. In conclusion, recent advances in machine learning thrive on large, diverse datasets. Clinical data sharing can contribute to improvements in automated detection of brain injury, identification of white matter hyperintensities, measures of brain health, and prognostic abilities to guide care.
EnzChemRED, a rich enzyme chemistry relation extraction dataset
Authors: Lai Po-Ting , Coudert Elisabeth , Aimo Lucila , Axelsen Kristian , Breuza Lionel , de Castro Edouard , Feuermann Marc , Morgat Anne , Pourcel Lucille , Pedruzzi Ivo , Poux Sylvain , Redaschi Nicole , Rivoire Catherine , Sveshnikova Anastasia , Wei Chih-Hsuan , Leaman Robert , Luo Ling , Lu Zhiyong , Bridge Alan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExpert curation is essential to capture knowledge of enzyme functions from the scientific literature in FAIR open knowledgebases but cannot keep pace with the rate of new discoveries and new publications. In this work we present EnzChemRED, for Enzyme Chemistry Relation Extraction Dataset, a new training and benchmarking dataset to support the development of Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods such as (large) language models that can assist enzyme curation. EnzChemRED consists of 1,210 expert curated PubMed abstracts where enzymes and the chemical reactions they catalyze are annotated using identifiers from the protein knowledgebase UniProtKB and the chemical ontology ChEBI. We show that fine-tuning language models with EnzChemRED significantly boosts their ability to identify proteins and chemicals in text (86.30% F1 score) and to extract the chemical conversions (86.66% F1 score) and the enzymes that catalyze those conversions (83.79% F1 score). We apply our methods to abstracts at PubMed scale to create a draft map of enzyme functions in literature to guide curation efforts in UniProtKB and the reaction knowledgebase Rhea.
In-situ upgrading of Egyptian heavy crude oil using matrix polymer carboxyl methyl cellulose/silicate graphene oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Mostafa Eman M. , Ghanem Alaa , Hosny Rasha , El-Nagar Raghda 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study delves into catalytic aquathermolysis to enhance the economic viability of heavy oil production by in-situ upgrading technique. It is known that introducing nanocatalysts would promote the aquathermolysis reaction. Therefore, in this study, the effect of matrix polymer carboxyl methyl cellulose/silicate graphene oxide nanocomposites (CSG1 and CSG2) in the catalytic aquathermolysis of Egyptian heavy crude oil was studied. Characterization techniques including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to evaluate the structure of the synthesized nanocomposites. Results reveal CSG2 has higher crystallinity and superior dispersion compared to CSG1, and both exhibited a good stability in aqueous suspensions. CSG2 enriched with graphene oxide, demonstrates superior thermal stability, suitable for high-temperature applications such as catalytic aquathermolysis process. Single factor and orthogonal tests were used to assess the catalytic aquathermolysis performance of the prepared nanoparticles. The obtained results revealed that the optimum conditions to use CSG1 and CSG2 are 40% water concentration, 225 °C temperature, and 0.5 wt% catalyst percentage. Where, CSG2 showed better viscosity reduction (82%) compared to CSG1 (62%), highlighting its superior performance in reducing the viscosity of heavy oil. Numerical results from SARA analysis, gas chromatography, and rheological testing confirmed the catalytic aquathermolysis's efficacy in targeting asphaltene macromolecules and producing lighter hydrocarbon fractions.