bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges in the management of haemophilia on transition from adolescence to adulthood
Authors: Brand Brigitte , Dunn Spencer , Kulkarni Roshni 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPatients with haemophilia undergo many transitions during their lives, but the period between adolescence and adulthood is particularly challenging. During this time, the patient must deal with all of the typical biological, social and emotional changes associated with this phase of life, whilst at the same time, adapting his lifestyle to the needs of his condition, transferring from paediatric to adult services and, most importantly, accepting increasing (and ultimately full) responsibility for managing his condition. Parents may also find their diminishing role equally challenging. Perhaps not surprisingly, given the challenges that adolescents face, treatment adherence during this time is generally low, which can lead to recurrent joint bleeds, chronic pain and reduced quality of life. To address the challenges, it is critical that a transition programme is put in place that meets the needs of not only the patient, but also his parents and healthcare providers. Key elements of the plan are a multidisciplinary approach, early planning, patient education and appropriate follow‐up. A successful programme will equip all parties with the skills to deal with the challenges of transition from adolescence to adulthood, ensuring that the benefits of treatment in childhood are maintained, thus optimising health outcomes and quality of life.
Melanin‐Based Coloration Covaries with Hiding and Exploratory Behavior in Male Spanish Terrapins
Authors: Ibáñez Alejandro , Pellitteri‐Rosa Daniele , Sacchi Roberto , López Pilar , Martín José 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMelanin‐based coloration reflects mostly social status and dominance in males of several species. However, the relation of melanism with other suites of behavioral traits has received less attention. Here, we examined whether the melanic coloration of the shell of male Spanish terrapins Mauremys leprosa was related to several behavioral patterns. To test this, we simulated predatory attacks of different risk levels and measured the time that the turtles spent hiding entirely in their own shells (i.e. appearance times). We also measured the activity level of the turtles in a novel‐environment test. The results showed that melanin‐based coloration was related to antipredatory behavior. Male terrapins with a greater extent of black coloration in their shells demonstrated shorter appearance times after a predator attack. However, this pattern was significant only when turtles were subjected to a high risk. In addition, darker turtles had longer latency times in a novel environment. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that melanin‐based coloration may be associated with some behavioral functions. Our study provides a good framework for future studies concerning the effect of melanin‐coloration on multiple behavioral traits that could be applied to further research using other animal models.
Food Price Uncertainty and Political Conflict
Authors: O'Trakoun John 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWaves of concurrent, cross‐country political turmoil suggest that global economic forces can serve as a catalyst for intrastate conflict. This article analyses the role of uncertainty shocks to global food commodity prices in generating political conflict in developing countries. I build a simple model to show that shocks to the uncertainty of commodity export prices can elicit civil conflict in a small open economy. Econometric evidence from a cross‐country panel data set documenting intrastate civil conflict and global food commodity prices from 1966–90 lends support to this hypothesis. The results suggest that policies which reduce the uncertainty of export prices faced by food commodity exporters can facilitate political stability in conflict‐vulnerable countries.
Male Agonistic Behaviour of the Bushcricket Mygalopsis marki Bailey in Response to Conspecific Song (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Dadour Ian R. , Bailey Winston J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractExperiments were conducted on Mygalopsis marki Bailey to determine the response of calling males to singing intruders. By increasing the density of natural aggregations of singing males we were able to observe the behavioural responses of individuals. In high density situations, males sang from lower perches in their plant and this effect was correlated with each male's proximity to other calling males. Furthermore, to examine if resident males were affected by conspecific song, a playback technique was employed using tape recordings of M. marki song. The design of the experiment was such that when confronted with an intruder, steadily increasing the intensity of its song, resident males moved to a lower position in the plant and ceased singing.
Individual Variability in the Migratory Orientation of the Savannah Sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis
Authors: Moore Frank R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract and SummaryVariability characterizes the orientation of migratory birds much as it does other aspects of their behavior. Yet, in most orientation experiments measures of central tendency are emphasized, while existing individual variability is seldom addressed other than to make special statistical effort to reduce it. Massing individuals is only useful, however, if there are insignificant differences among them. When the behavior of individual migrants was monitored over several nights and then compared, individual directional preferences were evident. Among‐individual variability in compass orientation was greater than within‐individual variability. The statistical variation that exists around a group mean seems to be a function of differences among individuals showing rather specific preferences. Because the samples may have consisted of individuals representing different breeding localities, the observed differences among individuals may reflect different migratory goals.ZusammenfassungUntersucht wurde an der Grasammer (Passerculus sandwichensis) die Variabilität sowohl innerhalb einer Gruppe als auch am einzelnen Vogel auf dem Frühjahrszug. Mittelwerte für die Gruppe zeigten jahreszeitlich angemessene nördliche Orientierung für jede Versuchsgruppe. Das Verhalten einzelner Zugvögel durch mehrere Nächte ließ individuelle Unterschiede erkennen. Variabilität innerhalb der Gruppe war ausgeprägter als im Verhalten des einzelnen Vogels. Die statistische Abweichung vom Gruppenmittelwert ist allem Anschein nach eine Funktion der Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Vögeln, die ganz bestimmte Richtungen bevorzugen. Da beide Versuchsgruppen vermutlich aus Vögeln bestanden, die geographisch verschiedenen Populationen mit entsprechend verschiedenen Brutgebieten angehörten, ist es möglich, daß die beobachteten Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Vögeln auf unterschiedlichen Zugzielen beruhen.
Elective Cesarean Birth: Issues and Ethics of an Informed Decision
Authors: McFarlin Barbara L. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIs elective cesarean birth an issue of a woman's autonomy to choose her mode of birth or fear of labor by both the patient and the providers? Are women consenting to this procedure truly informed about the short‐term and long‐term risks associated with cesarean birth versus vaginal birth? This article examines the issues associated with elective cesarean birth and the factors that have led to recent consideration of this option. It is essential that we evaluate how risks, benefits, and liability issues impact the recommendations for the mode of birth. The ethics of making an informed choice as well as ethical professional responsibilities are explored.
Increased NK Activity Is Responsible for Higher Cytotoxicity to HEF Cells by Lymphocytes of Women With Threatened Preterm Delivery
Authors: SZEKERES‐BARTHO JULIA , HADNAGY J. , CSERNUS V. , BALÉZS L. , MAGYARLAKI T. , PACSA A.S. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT: Recently we have shown that lymphocytes of pregnant women with threatened preterm delivery (risk group) exerted significantly higher cytotoxic activity to human embryonic fibroblast (HEF) cells than those of healthy pregnant women.The purpose of this study was to get information on the mechanism of this cytotoxicity. The possibility of prior sensitization to embryonic antigen was excluded, since no difference could be demonstrated between cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes obtained from women with two or more previous pregnancies and that of lymphocytes from never‐pregnant women. For determining the effector cell type responsible for cytotoxicity, lymphocytes of 50 healthy pregnant women and those of 50 risk patients were tested in different cytotoxicity tests using HEF and K‐.562 target cells.The proportion of NK cells among lymphocytes was determined by counting large granular lymphocytes (LGL), IgG Fc receptor bearing cells, and cells positively stained by NK specific monoclonal antibody. Though no difference in the proportion of NK cells between the two groups was found, risk patients' lymphocytes were significantly more cytotoxic to K‐562 target cells than those of healthy pregnant women. Investigations at the single‐cell level made it obvious that this higher cytotoxic activity originated from increased target cell lysing ability of their lymphocytes, while their conjugating capacity did not differ significantly from that of lymphocytes obtained from healthy pregnant women. Staining conjugates with monoclonal antibodies showed that NK cells were concentrated on the surface of both HEF and K‐.562 cells, so it seems likely that NK activity is responsible for the cytotoxic activity of pregnancy lymphocytes to HEV cells.
Indirect Mixed Antiglobulin Reaction (MAR) as a Screening Procedure for Antisperm Antibodies. II. Clinical Studies
Authors: MEINERTZ HELLE 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT: In this study the question was raised whether the indirect mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) using donor spermatozoa could substitute the direct MAR requiring motile spermatozoa in the patient's ejaculate in the screening for antisperm antibodies.Serum and seminal plasma from 48 men selected on the basis of the results in the direct MAR were tested by the indirect MAR. Both tests were carried out for IgG and IgA antisperm antibodies.A statistically significant correlation was found both between the sperm‐bound IgG and the free IgG antisperm antibodies in serum as well as in seminal plasma and between sperm‐bound IgA and the free IgA antisperm antibodies in seminal plasma whereas no correlation was found between the sperm‐bound IgA and the free IgA antisperm antibodies in serum. This finding strongly supports the concept that the major part of the IgA antisperm antibodies in the ejaculate are locally produced.
Histocompatibility Antigens and Habitual Abortion
Authors: CAUCHI M.N. , TAIT B. , WILSHIRE M.I. , KOH S.H. , MRAZ G. , KLOSS M. , PEPPERELL R. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT: Eighty‐five couples with habitual abortion were studied: 43 were primary aborters (i.e., had no advanced pregnancy beyond 20 weeks gestation), and 42 were secondary aborters. The only significant finding in primary female aborters was a reduction in the incidence of B35. In contrast, in secondary female aborters there was a reduction in the incidence of DR3 and A1/ B8/DR3 and an increase in the degree of homozygosity of HLA B. In the male partners of primary aborters, there was a reduced incidence of DR3 and A1/B8/DR3. In addition, in male partners of both primary and secondary aborters, there was increased HLA‐B homozygosity and increased frequency of DR4‐5 phenotype. Increased sharing of HLA antigens between partners was not found to be significantly different from the control population.These findings emphasize that primary and secondary female aborters form distinct populations, which could explain differences in immunological responses to various antigens, including fetal‐related antigens. The closely related findings in female secondary aborters and male partners of primary aborters are intriguing but cannot be explained. Whether or not these genetic markers bear any relationship to reproductive success remains to be determined.
Suicide Attempts in Runaway Youths
Authors: Stiffman Arlene Rubin 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT: This study explored suicidal behavior in 291 adolescents who were using runaway shelters in St. Louis. Thirty percent of the runaways reported having attempted suicide in the past. The suicide attempters had significantly more behavioral and mental health problems, and reported having more family members and more friends with problems, than nonattempters. A logistic regression showed that youths' substance use, behavior problems, family instability, and sex all helped to explain their suicide attempts.Most of the attempters made their first attempt by their midteens. One‐quarter made their latest attempt shortly before entering the shelter, and one‐fifth stated that they would still consider suicide. The great majority of attempts were not preplanned, but one‐third followed troubles or arguments at home and feelings of confusion and depression. Remarkably, half of the teenage suicide attempters never received any professional help following their attempt.
Growth traits of four maternal lines of rabbits founded on different criteria: comparisons at foundation and at last periods after selection
Authors: Mínguez C. , Sanchez J.P. , EL Nagar A.G. , Ragab M. , Baselga M. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe objective was to compare growth traits in four maternal lines of rabbits (A, V, H and LP), with the aim of understanding the consequence of the different foundation and selection processes on the growth performance of the lines. The lines are currently in the 43th, 38th, 22th and 8th generations, respectively. Two comparisons were performed. One compared the values of the lines at their foundation, using the complete data set, the full pedigree and a two‐trait analysis, including data on the selection criteria, litter size. The other comparisons were done during the last period when all the lines were housed together with the same feeding and management. The numbers of records were 323 208 for weaning weight, and 300 553 for slaughter weight and average daily Gain (from 46 708 l). The pedigree file included 346 638 animals. The second analysis used only the data corresponding to each period, and the analysis was conducted using a one‐trait model. The model was the same as that defined for the comparisons at the foundation, but the additive effects were excluded. The H and LP lines showed highest values for all the traits compared. In the last periods, a good agreement was observed between the estimated differences, computed with the complete model and data set, or computed with an incomplete model and only data from the comparison period. At last periods, the differences were smaller than at foundation. The importance of the correlated response in growth after selection for litter size at weaning or the importance of a non‐programmed intramating selection for the growth traits can explain the changes since foundation.
Behavioural linear standardized scoring system of the Lidia cattle breed by testing in herd: estimation of genetic parameters
Authors: Pelayo R. , Solé M. , Sánchez M.J. , Molina A. , Valera M. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryDocility is very important for cattle production, and many behavioural tests to measure this trait have been developed. However, very few objective behavioural tests to measure the opposite approach‘aggressive behaviour’ have been described. Therefore, the aim of this work was to validate in the Lidia cattle breed a behavioural linear standardized scoring system that measure the aggressiveness and enable genetic analysis of behavioural traits expressing fearless and fighting ability. Reproducibility and repeatability measures were calculated for the 12 linear traits of this scoring system to assess its accuracy, and ranged from 85.3 and 94.2%, and from 66.7 to 97.9%, respectively. Genetic parameters were estimated using an animal model with a Bayesian approach. A total of 1202 behavioural records were used. The pedigree matrix contained 5001 individuals. Heritability values (with standard deviations) ranged between 0.13 (0.04) (Falls of the bull) and 0.41 (0.08) (Speed of approach to horse). Genetic correlations varied from 0.01 (0.07) to 0.90 (0.13). Finally, an exploratory factor analysis using the genetic correlation matrix was calculated. Three main factors were retained to describe the traditional genetic indexes aggressiveness, strength and mobility.
Language profiles and literacy outcomes of children with resolving, emerging, or persisting language impairments
Authors: Snowling Margaret J. , Duff Fiona J. , Nash Hannah M. , Hulme Charles 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundChildren with language impairment (LI) show heterogeneity in development. We tracked children from pre‐school to middle childhood to characterize three developmental trajectories: resolving, persisting and emerging LI.MethodsWe analyzed data from children identified as having preschool LI, or being at family risk of dyslexia, together with typically developing controls at three time points: t1 (age 3;09), t3 (5;08) and t5 (8;01). Language measures are reported at t1, t3 and t5, and literacy abilities at t3 and t5. A research diagnosis of LI (irrespective of recruitment group) was validated at t1 by a composite language score derived from measures of receptive and expressive grammar and vocabulary; a score falling 1SD below the mean of the typical language group on comparable measures at t3 and t5 was used to determine whether a child had LI at later time points and then to classify LIs as resolving, persisting or emerging.ResultsPersisting preschool LIs were more severe and pervasive than resolving LIs. Language and literacy outcomes were relatively poor for those with persisting LI, and relatively good for those with resolving LI. A significant proportion of children with average language abilities in preschool had LIs that emerged in middle childhood – a high proportion of these children were at family risk of dyslexia. There were more boys in the persisting and resolving LI groups. Children with early LIs which resolved by the start of formal literacy instruction tended to have good literacy outcomes; children with late‐emerging difficulties that persisted developed reading difficulties.ConclusionsChildren with late‐emerging LI are relatively common and are hard to detect in the preschool years. Our findings show that children whose LIs persist to the point of formal literacy instruction frequently experience reading difficulties.
Insulin degludec/insulin aspart in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Distinct prandial and basal glucose‐lowering effects
Authors: Haahr Hanne , Sasaki Tomio , Bardtrum Lars , Ikushima Ippei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionInsulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) is a soluble co‐formulation of long‐acting insulin degludec (IDeg) and rapid‐acting insulin aspart (IAsp). The present study investigated the pharmacodynamic properties of IDegAsp in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, two‐period, cross‐over trial, 21 Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus received single doses of 0.5 U/kg IDegAsp and biphasic insulin aspart 30 in a randomized sequence (13–21 days washout between treatments). The pharmacodynamic response was evaluated in a 26‐h euglycemic glucose clamp (target 5.5 mmol/L). Single‐dose IDegAsp glucose infusion rate (GIR) profiles were extrapolated to steady state using modeling.ResultsThe IDegAsp single‐dose GIR profile showed a clear distinction between the effects of the bolus (IAsp) and basal (IDeg) components in IDegAsp. When simulated to steady state, the GIR profile of IDegAsp was shifted upwards compared with the single‐dose profile, and showed a rapid onset of action and a distinct peak from the IAsp component followed by a separate and sustained basal action from the long‐acting IDeg component. For biphasic insulin aspart 30, the initial shape of the GIR profile was similar to IDegAsp, but GIR continuously decreased from maximum and reached zero 18–20 h post‐dosing. The characteristics of the GIR profile for IDegAsp were retained when simulated to steady state in a twice‐daily dosing regimen.DiscussionIn Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the pharmacodynamic profile of IDegAsp is characterized by distinct prandial and basal effects from the IAsp and IDeg components, consistent with what has been reported previously in Caucasian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Changes in the composition of ichthyoplankton assemblage and plastic debris in mangrove creeks relative to moon phases
Authors: Lima A. R. A. , Barletta M. , Costa M. F. , Ramos J. A. A. , Dantas D. V. , Melo P. A. M. C. , Justino A. K. S. , Ferreira G. V. B. 
Published: December 2015

Lunar influence on the distribution of fish larvae, zooplankton and plastic debris in mangrove creeks of the Goiana Estuary, Brazil, was studied over a lunar cycle.Cetengraulis edentulus,Anchovia clupeoidesandRhinosardinia bahiensiswere the most abundant fish larvae (56·6%), independent of the moon phase. The full moon had a positive influence on the abundance ofGobionellus oceanicus,Cynoscion acoupaandAtherinella brasiliensis, and the new moon onUlaema lefroyi. The full and new moons also influenced the number of zoeae and megalopae ofUcides cordatus, protozoeae and larvae of caridean shrimps, and the number of hard and soft plastic debris, both <5 and >5 mm. Micro and macroplastics were present in samples from all 12 creeks studied, at densities similar to the third most abundant taxon,R. bahiensis.Cetengraulis edentulusandR. bahiensisshowed a strong positive correlation with the last quarter moon, when there was less zooplankton available in the creeks and higher abundance of microplastic threads.Anchovia clupeoides,Diapterus rhombeus,U. lefroyiand hard microplastics were positively associated with different moon phases, when calanoid copepods, Caridean larvae and zoeae ofU. cordatuswere highly available in the creeks.Cynoscion acoupa,G. oceanicusandA. brasiliensiswere strongly associated with the full moon, when protozoeae of caridean shrimps and megalopae ofU. cordatuswere also highly available, as were hard and soft macroplastics, paint chips (<5 mm) and soft microplastics. The results reinforce the role of mangrove creeks as nursery habitats. The moon phases influenced the distribution of fish larvae species, zooplankton and plastic debris by changing their compositions and abundances in the mangrove creeks of the Goiana Estuary when under the influence of different tidal current regimes.