bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Vision Research Training and Mentoring Program as a Model for Ophthalmology and Other Medical Specialties: Implementation and Evaluation
Authors: Hark Lisa , Haller Julia , Murchison Ann , Waisbourd Michael , Mayro Eileen , Weiss David , Siraj Safa , Wright Carrie , Scully Kathryn , Jaeger Edward 
Published: August 2017

Background Over the past 50 years, there has been a decline in the number of physicians pursuing careers in clinical research. In ophthalmology, the need for clinician-investigators continues to grow with the increasing eye-care demands of the aging population. Expert panels have recommended exposing medical students early in their training to structured, didactic curricula with clinical research experience and mentoring opportunities.
Methods To address this need, the Department of Research, Wills Eye Hospital, developed an 8-week Clinical Vision Research Training and Mentoring Program for undergraduate and medical students. The curriculum included an 11-hour lecture series on topics in research methods in ophthalmology and a 10-hour scientific writing workshop series. The program also involved hands-on participation in vision research projects and shadowing in one of Wills' subspecialty services. Students completed 40-question pre- and posttests on ophthalmology and research methodology. Scores were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test. The program also utilized a satisfaction survey.
Results During 2014 and 2015, a total of 34 students out of 56 applicants were accepted to the Clinical Vision Research Training and Mentoring Program. Students scored significantly higher on the posttest (mean [M] = 79.78%, standard deviation [SD] = 6.25) than on the pretest (M = 71.43%, SD = 8.43); p< 0.001. Using a satisfaction survey, students strongly agreed that they were satisfied with the program and that the lecture series and manuscript writing workshops enhanced their learning.
Conclusions The Wills Eye Clinical Vision Research Training and Mentoring Program provided an evidence-based foundation in research methods and manuscript development for students interested in careers in ophthalmology. Students emerged with clinical research skills and an increased understanding and appreciation of vision research. Results of the pre- and posttest analysis indicate that lecture material supplemented with hands-on experience can lead to better understanding of ophthalmology. This pilot program can serve as a research training and mentoring model for ophthalmology and other medical and surgical specialties.
Portal Vein Embolization in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Optimal Approach and Current Controversies
Authors: Gans Daniel , Siegel Christopher , Patel Indravadan , Tavri Sidhartha , Madoff David , Sutter Christopher 
Published: August 2017

AbstractColorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Many therapies targeting liver metastasis have been associated with prolonged life and palliation, but few are more effective than surgical resection. Preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) can facilitate contralateral hepatic lobe hypertrophy, and allow for subsequent surgical resection of metastatic disease in patients whose postoperative residual liver volume is considered marginal or too small to support proper liver function. A thorough preprocedural workup is necessary, including proper multidisciplinary patient selection, imaging, and liver volume measurements. PVE can be performed with multiple approaches and techniques, each with advantages and disadvantages. Both older and newer surgical alternatives exist, including portal vein ligation and the associating liver partition and portal vein ligation in staged hepatectomy strategy. The variability in embolization techniques and surgical alternatives in the treatment of patients with potentially resectable metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver naturally lends itself to controversy. We aim to discuss the workup, pathophysiology, technical details, and outcomes of PVE, as well as surgical alternatives and current controversies.
Normaldruckhydrozephalus
Authors: Kehler Uwe , Hattingen Elke 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungFür Diagnostik, Differenzialdiagnostik und Differenzialtherapie des Normaldruckhydrozephalus ist die Bildgebung entscheidend. Auch wenn die Therapie eines Normaldruckhydrozephalus nicht erfolgreich sein sollte, werden zahlreiche Fragen an den Radiologen gestellt. Der Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über das Krankheitsbild des Normaldruckhydrozephalus und die speziellen prä- und postchirurgischen Anforderungen an die Bildgebung.
Comparison of submucosal tunneling biopsy versus EUS-guided FNA for gastric subepithelial lesions: a prospective study with crossover design
Authors: Kobara Hideki , Mori Hirohito , Nishimoto Naoki , Fujihara Shintaro , Nishiyama Noriko , Ayaki Maki , Yachida Tatsuo , Matsunaga Tae , Chiyo Taiga , Kobayashi Nobuya , Fujita Koji , Kato Kiyohito , Kamada Hideki , Oryu Makoto , Tsutsui Kunihiko , Iwama Hisakazu , Haba Reiji , Masaki Tsutomu 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) for gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions (SELs) has limited diagnostic accuracy due to technical problems and small lesion size. We previously reported a novel submucosal tunneling biopsy (STB) technique for sampling SELs. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability and safety of STB compared to that of FNA for SELs.
Patients and methods The study was a non-randomized, prospective comparative study with crossover design in patients with endoluminal gastric SELs. Forty-three patients, including 29 cases with lesions < 2 cm were enrolled. A crossover design with 2 intervention stages (Group A: FNA followed by STB for 23 SELs, Group B: STB followed by FNA for 20 SELs) was implemented. The primary outcome was the diagnostic yield (DY). Secondary outcomes were technical success rate, procedure time, complication rate, and sample quality.
Results The DY of STB was significantly higher than that of FNA (100 % vs. 34.8 %; P < 0.0001) in group A, including 100 % in overall STB. The technical success rate of STB was significantly higher than that of FNA (100 % vs. 56.5 %; P = 0.0006), whereas the median procedure time of STB was significantly longer than that of FNA (37 minutes vs. 18 minutes; P < 0.0001). The median specimen area of STB samples was markedly larger than that of FNA samples (5.54 mm2 vs. 0.69 mm2; P < 0.001). No complications occurred in either method.
Conclusions STB had significantly superior diagnostic ability and a more adequate sample quality than FNA for endoluminal gastric SELs, indicating the suitability of STB for small SELs.
Clinical trial registration: UMIN 000006754
Bariatric Surgery and Hypertension
Authors: Owen Jonathan G , Yazdi Farshid , Reisin Efrain 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Obesity continues to increase in prevalence worldwide. Hypertension has long been associated with obesity, and weight loss continues to be a first-line therapy in the treatment of hypertension. Lifestyle modification and pharmacologic therapy, however, often meet with treatment failure. Bariatric surgery continues to be the most successful approach to sustained weight loss. This review focuses on the underlying physiologic mechanisms of obesity-hypertension, and the impact of bariatric surgery on the treatment of hypertension. Current available literature on the physiologic mechanisms of obesity-hypertension, and the major trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews of the impact of bariatric surgery procedures on hypertension are reviewed. Evidence suggests significant improvement in obesity-hypertension in patients who undergo surgical weight-reduction procedures. Malabsorptive techniques such as the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or surgical resection techniques such as laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy appear to offer superior results in regards to hypertension control over restrictive techniques such as Gastric Banding. Though long-term control of hypertension following surgery remains a concern, available follow-up post-operative data of up to 10 years suggests a sustained, if lessened, effect on hypertension control over time.
Striatin Gene Polymorphic Variants Are Associated With Salt Sensitive Blood Pressure in Normotensives and Hypertensives
Authors: Gupta Tina , Connors Molly , Tan Jia Wei , Manosroi Worapaka , Ahmed Noha , Ting Pei Yee , Garza Amanda E , Romero Jose R , Hopkins Paul N , Williams Jonathan S , Williams Gordon H 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Understanding the interactions between genetics, sodium (Na+) intake, and blood pressure (BP) will help overcome the lack of individual specificity in our current treatment of hypertension. This study had 3 goals: expand on the relationship between striatin gene (STRN) status and salt-sensitivity of BP (SSBP); evaluate the status of Na+ and volume regulating systems by striatin risk allele status; evaluate potential SSBP mechanisms.

METHODS
We assessed the relationship between STRN status in humans (HyperPATH cohort) and SSBP and on volume regulated systems in humans and a striatin knockout mouse (STRN+/−).

RESULTS
The previously identified association between a striatin risk allele and systolic SSBP was demonstrated in a new cohort (P = 0.01). The STRN–SSBP association was significant for the combined cohort (P = 0.003; β = +5.35 mm Hg systolic BP/risk allele) and in the following subgroups: normotensives, hypertensives, men, and older subjects. Additionally, we observed a lower epinephrine level in risk allele carriers (P = 0.014) and decreased adrenal medulla phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in STRN+/− mice. No significant associations were observed with other volume regulated systems.

CONCLUSIONS
These results support the association between a variant of striatin and SSBP and extend the findings to normotensive individuals and other subsets. In contrast to most salt-sensitive hypertensives, striatin-associated SSBP is associated with normal plasma renin activity and reduced epinephrine levels. These data provide clues to the underlying cause and a potential pathway to achieve, specific, personalized treatment, and prevention.
Long-Term Impact of an Educational Antimicrobial Stewardship Program on Hospital-Acquired Candidemia and Multidrug-Resistant Bloodstream Infections: A Quasi-Experimental Study of Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Molina José , Peñalva Germán , Gil-Navarro María V , Praena Julia , Lepe José A , Pérez-Moreno María A , Ferrándiz Carmen , Aldabó Teresa , Aguilar Manuela , Olbrich Peter , Jiménez-Mejías Manuel E , Gascón María L , Amaya-Villar Rosario , Neth Olaf , Rodríguez-Hernández María J , Gutiérrez-Pizarraya Antonio , Garnacho-Montero José , Montero Cristina , Cano Josefina , Palomino Julián , Valencia Raquel , Álvarez Rocío , Cordero Elisa , Herrero Marta , Cisneros José M ,   PRIOAM team, M J , P G , G N M V , Praena J , L J A , P M M A , F C , A T , A M , O P , J M M E , G M L , A V R , N O , R H M J , G P A , G M J , M C , C J , Palomino J , V R , A R , C E , H M , C J M , García-Cabrera Emilio , Porras Francisco , Jiménez-Parrilla Francisco , Obando Ignacio , Ruiz-Pérez Maite , Aznar Javier , Conde Manolo , Ortiz Carlos , Docobo Fernando , Bautista Javier 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
The global crisis of bacterial resistance urges the scientific community to implement intervention programs in healthcare facilities to promote an appropriate use of antibiotics. However, the clinical benefits or the impact on resistance of these interventions has not been definitively proved.

Methods
We designed a quasi-experimental intervention study with an interrupted time-series analysis. A multidisciplinary team conducted a multifaceted educational intervention in our tertiary-care hospital over a 5-year period. The main activity of the program consisted of peer-to-peer educational interviews between counselors and prescribers from all departments to reinforce the principles of the proper use of antibiotics. We assessed antibiotic consumption, incidence density of Candida and multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria bloodstream infections (BSIs) and their crude death rate per 1000 occupied bed days (OBDs).

Results
A quick and intense reduction in antibiotic consumption occurred 6 months after the implementation of the intervention (change in level, −216.8 defined daily doses per 1000 OBDs; 95% confidence interval, −347.5 to −86.1), and was sustained during subsequent years (average reduction, −19,9%). In addition, the increasing trend observed in the preintervention period for the incidence density of candidemia and MDR BSI (+0.018 cases per 1000 OBDs per quarter; 95% confidence interval, −.003 to .039) reverted toward a decreasing trend of −0.130 per quarter (change in slope, −0.029; −.051 to −.008), and so did the mortality rate (change in slope, −0.015; −.021 to −.008).

Conclusions
This education-based antimicrobial stewardship program was effective in decreasing the incidence and mortality rate of hospital-acquired candidemia and MDR BSI through sustained reduction in antibiotic use.
A Pilot Study of Horizontal Head and Eye Rotations in Baseball Batting
Authors: Fogt Nick , Persson Tyler W. 
Published: August 2017

PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to measure and compare horizontal head and eye tracking movements as baseball batters “took” pitches and swung at baseball pitches.

METHODS
Two former college baseball players were tested in two conditions. A pitching machine was used to project tennis balls toward the subjects. In the first condition, subjects acted as if they were taking (i.e., not swinging) the pitches. In the second condition, subjects attempted to bat the pitched balls. Head movements were measured with an inertial sensor; eye movements were measured with a video eye tracker.

RESULTS
For each condition, the relationship between the horizontal head and eye rotations was similar for the two subjects, as were the overall head-, eye-, and gaze-tracking strategies. In the “take” condition, head movements in the direction of the ball were larger than eye movements for much of the pitch trajectory. Large eye movements occurred only late in the pitch trajectory. Gaze was directed near the ball until approximately 150 milliseconds before the ball arrived at the batter, at which time gaze was directed ahead of the ball to a location near that occupied when the ball crosses the plate. In the “swing” condition, head movements in the direction of the ball were larger than eye movements throughout the pitch trajectory. Gaze was directed near the ball until approximately 50 to 60 milliseconds prior to pitch arrival at the batter.

DISCUSSION
Horizontal head rotations were larger than horizontal eye rotations in both the “take” and “swing” conditions. Gaze was directed ahead of the ball late in the pitch trajectory in the “take” condition, whereas gaze was directed near the ball throughout much of the pitch trajectory in the “swing” condition.
Should Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography Replace Single-Energy Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography in Pregnant and Postpartum Patients?
Authors: McDermott Shaunagh , Otrakji Alexi , Flores Efren J. , Kalra Mannudeep K. , Shepard Jo-Anne O. , Digumarthy Subba R. 
Published: August 2017

Objective
The study aims to compare single-energy (SE) and dual-energy (DE) computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for evaluation of suspected pulmonary embolism in pregnant and postpartum patients.

Materials and Methods
Our study included 59 CTPA performed in pregnant/postpartum women (study group) comprised of 38 SE-CTPA and 21 DE-CTPA. The control group of 21 age- and weight-matched nonpregnant/nonpostpartum women underwent DE-CTPA. Two radiologists assessed pulmonary arterial enhancement, image quality, and artifacts. κ Test and analysis of variance were performed.

Results
Fourteen of 38 pregnant/postpartum women (37%) had suboptimal SE-CTPA compared with just 10% (2/21) suboptimal DE-CTPA studies (P = 0.02). Mean Hounsfield unit (HU) in the pulmonary trunk was 550 ± 68 HU in the DE-CTPA pregnant/postpartum group and 245 ± 12 HU in the SE-CTPA (P < 0.001). The mean volume computed tomography dose index in the pregnant/postpartum patients for DE-CTPA and SE-CTPA were 9 ± 2 and 19 ± 8 mGy, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Dual-energy CTPA substantially increased arterial enhancement for evaluation of pulmonary embolism in pregnant and postpartum women compared with SE-CTPA.
Petamenophis (Padiamenemipet), an Egyptian Child Mummy Protected for Eternity: Revelation by Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Martina Maria Cristina , Cesarani Federico , Boano Rosa , Fiore Marochetti Elisa , Gandini Giovanni 
Published: August 2017

Objective
The objective of our work was to report the most recent findings obtained with multidetector computed tomography of a child mummy from the Roman period (119–123 ce) housed at the Egyptian Museum in Turin, Italy.

Methods
Multidetector computed tomography and postprocessing were applied to understand the embalming techniques, the nature of a foreign object, and anthropometrical values. The information was compared with that from other mummies that were buried in the same tomb, but today housed in different museums.

Results
New information regarding the embalming technique was revealed. Multidetector computed tomography allowed the identification of a knife-like metallic object, probably an amulet for the child's protection in the afterlife.

Conclusions
Multidetector computed tomography and image postprocessing confirm their valuable role in noninvasive studies in ancient mummies and provided evidence of a unique cultural practice in the late history of Ancient Egypt such as placing a knife possibly as an amulet.
AMELIE accelerates Mendelian patient diagnosis directly from the primary literature
Authors: Birgmeier Johannes , Haeussler Maximilian , Deisseroth Cole A. , Jagadeesh Karthik A. , Ratner Alexander J. , Guturu Harendra , Wenger Aaron M. , Stenson Peter D. , Cooper David N. , Ré Christopher , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Bejerano Gill 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe diagnosis of Mendelian disorders requires labor-intensive literature research. Our software system AMELIE (AutomaticMendelianLiteratureEvaluation) greatly automates this process. AMELIE parses hundreds of thousands of full text articles to find an underlying diagnosis to explain a patient’s phenotypes given the patient’s exome. AMELIE prioritizes patient candidate genes for their likelihood of causing the patient’s phenotypes. Diagnosis of singleton patients (without relatives’ exomes) is the most time-consuming scenario. AMELIE’s gene ranking method was tested on 215 singleton Mendelian patients with a clinical diagnosis. AMELIE ranked the causal gene among the top 2 in the majority (63%) of cases. Examining AMELIE’s top 10 genes, amounting to 8% of 124 candidate genes with rare functional variants per patient, results in diagnosis for 95% of cases. Strikingly, training only on gene pathogenicity knowledge from 2011 leads to identical performance compared to training on current data. An accompanying analysis web portal has launched atAMELIE.stanford.edu.
Accurate estimation of molecular counts in droplet-based single-cell RNA-seq experiments
Authors: Petukhov Viktor , Guo Jimin , Baryawno Ninib , Severe Nicolas , Scadden David , Samsonova Maria G. , Kharchenko Peter V. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSingle-cell RNA-seq protocols provide powerful means for examining the gamut of cell types and transcriptional states that comprise complex biological tissues. Recently-developed approaches based on droplet microfluidics, such as inDrop or Drop-seq, use massively multiplexed barcoding to enable simultaneous measurements of transcriptomes for thousands of individual cells. The increasing complexity of such data also creates challenges for subsequent computational processing and troubleshooting of these experiments, with few software options currently available. Here we describe a flexible pipeline for processing droplet-based transcriptome data that implements barcode corrections, classification of cell quality, and diagnostic information about the droplet libraries. We introduce advanced methods for correcting composition bias and sequencing errors affecting cellular and molecular barcodes to provide more accurate estimates of molecular counts in individual cells.
Enhanced Pipeline ‘MetaGaAP-Py’ for the Analysis of Quasispecies and Non-Model Microbial Populations using Ultra-Deep ‘Meta-barcode’ Sequencing
Authors: Noune Christopher , Hauxwell Caroline 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:A pipeline developed to establish sequence identity and estimate abundance of non-model organisms (such as viral quasispecies) using customized ultra-deep sequence ‘meta-barcodes’ has been modified to improve performance by re-development in the Python programming language. Redundant packages were removed and new features added. RAM and storage usage have been optimized to facilitate the computational speeds though coding optimizations and improved cross-platform compatibility. However, computational limits restrict the approach to barcodes spanning a maximum of 30 polymorphisms. The modified pipeline, MetaGaAP-Py, is available for download here:https://github.com/CNoune/IMG_pipelines
Embryonic lethality in mice lacking Trim59 due to impaired gastrulation development
Authors: Su Xiaomin , Wu Chenglei , Ye Xiaoying , Zeng Ming , Zhang Zhujun , Che Yongzhe , Zhang Yuan , Liu Lin , Lin Yushuang , Yang Rongcun 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTTRIM family members have been implicated in a variety of biological processes such as differentiation and development. We here found that Trim59 plays a critical role in early embryo development from blastocyst stage to gastrula. There existed delayed development and empty yolk sacs from embryonic day (E) 8.5 inTrim59-/- embryos. No viableTrim59-/- embryos were observed beyond E9.5. Trim59 deficiency affected primary germ layer formation at the beginning of gastrulation. InTrim59-/- embryos at E6.5 and E7.5, the expression of primary germ layer formation associated genes includingBrachyury,lefty2,Cer1,Otx2,Wnt3andBMP4was reduced. Homozygous mutant embryonic epiblast was contracted and the mesoderm was absent. Trim59 could interact with actin and myosin associated proteins. Trim59 deficiency disturbed F-actin polymerization during inner cell mass differentiation. Trim59 mediated polymerization of F-actin was via WASH K63-linked ubiquitination. Thus, Trim59 may be a critical regulator for early embryo development from blastocyst stage to gastrula through modulating F-actin assembly.