bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant‐based compounds with potential as push‐pull stimuli to manage behavior of leaf‐cutting ants
Authors: Perri Daiana , Gorosito Norma , Fernandez Patricia , Buteler Micaela 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLeaf‐cutting ants are a serious pest of young forestry plantations. Currently, the main control method is the use of broad‐spectrum insecticides, which have a negative effect on non‐target organisms and the environment. In this work, plant‐based compounds were evaluated in laboratory assays with Acromyrmex ambiguus Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for their potential use as repellent and attractant stimuli to be used in a push‐pull strategy. Farnesol, a sesquiterpene present in many essential oils, was tested as a repellent at doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg. Its distance of action was studied by comparing the repellent effect of farnesol in a situation in which ants had to touch the farnesol in order to reach the food source in comparison to when ants could reach the food source without getting into direct contact with it. Different parts of the orange fruit (pulp and peel) were evaluated and compared as attractants, given that citrus‐based baits are among the most popular attractants used. Results from laboratory bioassays indicated that farnesol is repellent at doses of 50 mg and acts upon contact or at a very short distance. Furthermore, orange pulp was more attractive than the peel, and volatile compounds were highly responsible for the attraction. When both stimuli were tested simultaneously in a laboratory experiment, repellency of farnesol was enhanced in the presence of orange pulp odor. When tested in a field push‐pull experiment, the results also showed a good repellent effect of farnesol as well as an attractant effect of the orange pulp. These results encourage long‐term studies with these substances in a field setting and suggest that repellents can be enhanced by the use of attractants to manage leaf‐cutting ants behavior.
Genetics and other factors in the aetiology of female pattern hair loss
Authors: Redler Silke , Messenger Andrew G. , Betz Regina C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPattern hair loss is the most common form of hair loss in both women and men. Male pattern hair loss, also termed male androgenetic alopecia (M‐AGA), is an androgen‐dependent trait that is predominantly genetically determined. Androgen‐mediated mechanisms are probably involved in female pattern hair loss (FPHL) in some women but the evidence is less strong than in M‐AGA; other non‐androgenic pathways, including environmental influences, may contribute to the aetiology. Genome‐wide association studies have identified several genetic loci for M‐AGA and have provided better insight into the underlying biology. However, the role of heritable factors in Female Pattern Hair Loss (FPHL) is largely unknown. Recently published studies have been restricted to candidate gene approaches and could not clearly identify any susceptibility locus/gene for FPHL but suggest that the aetiology differs substantially from that of M‐AGA. Hypotheses about possible pathomechanisms of FPHL as well as the results of the genetic studies performed to date are summarized.
Syndecan‐1 regulates dendritic cell migration in cutaneous hypersensitivity to haptens
Authors: Averbeck Marco , Kuhn Stephanie , Bühligen Johannes , Götte Martin , Simon Jan C. , Polte Tobias 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn human dendritic cells (DCs), we previously demonstrated in vitro that syndecan‐1 (SDC1) is downregulated during maturation correlating with enhanced motility.We investigated the effects ofSDC1 onDCmigration in vivo duringTNCB(2,4,6‐trinitro‐1‐chlorobenzene)‐induced cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction (CHS) in mice.We show thatDCinSDC1‐deficient mice migrated faster and at a higher rate to lymph nodes draining the hapten‐painted skin. Adoptive transfer ofSDC1‐deficient hapten‐ and fluorochrome‐labelledDCinto wild‐type (WT) mice led to increased and faster migration ofDCto paracortical lymph nodes, and to a strongerCHScompared toWT DC. InSDC1−/− mice,CCR7 remains longer on theDCsurface within the first 15‐minutes maturation (afterLPS‐induced maturation). In addition, a time‐dependent upregulation ofCCL2,CCL3,VCAM1 and talin was found during maturation inSDC1−/−DC. However, no difference in T‐cell‐stimulating capacity ofSDC1‐deficientDCwas found compared toWT DC. Mechanistically,SDC1‐deficientDCshowed enhanced migration towardsCCL21 andCCL19. This may result from functional overexpression ofCCR7 inSDC1−/−DC. Increased and accelerated migration of otherwise functionally intactSDC1‐deficientDCleads to an exacerbatedCHS. Based on our results, we conclude thatSDC1 onDCnegatively regulatesDCmigration.
PKCι is a target of 7,8,4′‐trihydroxyisoflavone for the suppression of UVB‐induced MMP‐1 expression
Authors: Lim Tae‐Gyu , Kim Yoon‐A , Kim Jong‐Eun , Baek Sohee , Lee Sung‐Young , Lee Charles C. , Chen Hanyong , Kim Jong Rhan , Kwon Jung Yeon , Bode Ann M. , Lee Chang Yong , Dong Zigang , Oh Deok‐Kun , Park Jun Seong , Lee Ki Won 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe soy isoflavone daidzein is bioconverted to 7,8,4′‐trihydroxyisoflavone (7,8,4′‐THIF) by microorganisms. Here, we investigated the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 inhibitory properties of 7,8,4′‐THIF that arise through the suppression of UVB‐induced MMP‐1 expression. 7,8,4′‐THIF reduced UVB‐induced MMP‐1 expression at the transcriptional level in primary human dermal fibroblasts and inhibited UVB‐induced transcriptional activity of AP‐1, a major activator of MMP‐1 expression. Additionally, it was observed that the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, a crucial signalling cascade for MMP‐1 expression, was suppressed by 7,8,4′‐THIF. Protein kinase C iota (PKCι) was suspected to be a direct target of 7,8,4′‐THIF. The direct interaction between 7,8,4′‐THIF and PKCι was confirmed using pull‐down assays and immobilized metal ion affinity‐based fluorescence polarization assays. Finally, we observed that 7,8,4′‐THIF inhibited UVB‐induced MMP‐1 expression in a human skin equivalent model. Taken together, these results suggest that 7,8,4′‐THIF, a bioconversion product of daidzein, suppresses UVB‐induced MMP‐1 expression.
Bioprinting of biomimetic skin containing melanocytes
Authors: Min Daejin , Lee Wonhye , Bae Il‐Hong , Lee Tae Ryong , Croce Phillip , Yoo Seung‐Schik 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study reports a three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique that is capable of producing a full‐thickness skin model containing pigmentation. Multiple layers of fibroblast (FB)‐containing collagen hydrogel precursor were printed and crosslinked through neutralization using sodium bicarbonate, constituting the dermal layer. Melanocytes (MCs) and keratinocytes (KCs) were sequentially printed on top of the dermal layer to induce skin pigmentation upon subsequent air‐liquid interface culture. Histological analysis was performed not only to confirm the formation of distinct skin layers, but also to identify the presence of pigmentation. The bioprinted skin structure showed the dermal and epidermal layers as well as the terminal differentiation of the KC that formed the stratum corneum. Moreover, the MC‐containing epidermal layer showed freckle‐like pigmentations at the dermal‐epidermal junction, without the use of external ultraviolet light or chemical stimuli. The presented method offers the capability of producing engineered ephelides in biomimetic skin, thus rendering 3D bioprinting techniques as productive on‐demand options for the creation of skin models available for therapeutic or research use.
Investigation of Sm2O3 additive on mechanical and electrical properties of Li2O‐ stabilized β″‐alumina electrolyte
Authors: Ahmadi Moghadam Hajar , Paydar Mohammad Hossein 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLi2O‐ stabilized β″‐alumina was synthesized by the double zeta process. The effect of Sm2O3 additive as the sintering aid, on microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of Li2O‐ stabilized β″‐alumina ceramics was studied by means of X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, biaxial flexure test and ionic conductivity measurement. The results indicated that both the fracture strength and the ionic conductivity of the sample containing 0.2 wt% Sm2O3 improved approximately 52% and 54%, respectively, that can be attributed to its higher density, higher amount of β″‐Al2O3 phase and more uniform microstructure.
Application of high‐power ultrasounds during red wine vinification
Authors: Bautista‐Ortín Ana Belén , Jiménez‐Martínez María Dolores , Jurado Ricardo , Iniesta Juan Alberto , Terrades Salvador , Andrés Ana , Gómez‐Plaza Encarna 
Published: April 2017

SummaryWine colour is one of the main organoleptic characteristics influencing its quality. It is of special interest in red vinifications due to the economic resources that wineries have to invest for the extraction of the phenolic compounds responsible for wine colour, compounds that are mainly located inside the skin cell vacuoles, where the volatile compounds are also found. The transfer of phenolic compounds from grapes to must during vinification is closely related to the type of grapes and the winemaking technique. During traditional winemaking, grapes are crushed and skin macerated for several days, with pumps overs to facilitate the colour extraction. To increase this extraction, some chemical (maceration enzymes) or physical technologies (thermovinification, cryomaceration, flash‐expansion) can be applied. In this work, a new methodology has been tested. This methodology consists in the application of high‐power ultrasounds to crushed grapes to increase the extraction of phenolic compounds. Crushed grapes were treated with this non‐thermal technology and vinified, with 3, 6 and 8 days of skin maceration time, and the results were compared with a control vinification, where crushed grapes were not subjected to any treatment and were skin macerated during 8 days. The wine chromatic characteristics (determined spectrophotometrically) and the individual phenolic compounds (anthocyanins and tannins, determined by HPLC) were followed during the maceration period, at the end of alcoholic fermentation and after two months in bottle. Also, the wine volatile compounds were determined by GC‐MS. The wines made with ultrasound‐treated grapes showed differences with the control wine, especially regarding total phenol content and tannin content. The wines elaborated with sonicated grapes and with only three days of skin maceration time presented similar concentration of anthocyanins and twice the concentration of tannins than control wines elaborated with 8 days of skin maceration.
Optimization of anode structure for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell via phase‐inversion cotape casting
Authors: Lin Jie , Miao Guoshuan , Xia Changrong , Chen Chusheng , Wang Shaorong , Zhan Zhongliang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA functional layer and a porous support that together constitute an anode for a solid oxide fuel cell were simultaneously formed by the phase‐inversion tape casting method. Two slurries, one composed of NiO and yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powders and the other of NiO, YSZ, and graphite were cocasted and solidified by immersion in a water bath via the phase‐inversion mechanism. The as‐formed green tape consisted of a sponge‐like thin layer and a fingerlike thick porous layer, derived from the first slurry and the second slurry, respectively. The former acted as the anode functional layer (AFL), while the latter was used as the anode substrate. The AFL thickness was varied between 20 and 60 μm by adjusting the blade gap for the tape casting. Single cells based on such NiO‐YSZ anodes were prepared with thin YSZ electrolytes and YSZ‐(La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3−δ (LSM) cathodes, and their electrochemical performance was measured using air as oxidant and hydrogen as fuel. The maximum power densities obtained at 750°C were 720, 821, and 988 mW cm−2 with the AFL thickness at 60, 40, and 20 μm, respectively. The satisfactory electrochemical performance was attributed to the dual‐layer structure of the anode, where the sponge‐like AFL layer provided plenty of triple‐phase boundaries for hydrogen oxidation, and the fingerlike thick porous substrate allowed for facile fuel transport. The phase‐inversion tape casting developed in this study is applicable to the preparation of other planar ceramic electrodes with dual‐layer asymmetric structure.
Eu2+‐doped strontium aluminum silicon nitrides having α‐SiAlON and polytypoid structures
Authors: Yoshimura Fumitaka , Yamane Hisanori 
Published: April 2017

AbstractYellow single crystals of aluminum silicon nitrides containing strontium and europium were prepared by heating starting mixtures of Sr3N2, Si3N4, AlN, and EuN at 2050°C and 0.85 MPa of N2 for 8 hours. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that prismatic crystals 20‐100 μm in size were Sr0.31Al0.62Si11.38N16:Eu (trigonal, a=7.7937(2) Å, c=5.6519(2) Å, space group P31c), which are isotypic with Sr‐α‐SiAlON, Srm/2Alm+nSi12−m−nN16−nOn, with m=0.62 and n=0. The Eu2+ content was approximately 1 at.% of Sr contained in the framework of corner‐sharing (Al/Si)N4 tetrahedra with an occupancy of 0.154(2). Block‐shaped crystals with a side length of 50‐300 μm were a new polytypoid of Sr‐α‐SiAlON, Sr2.97Eu0.03Al6Si24N40. Streak lines were observed in the direction of the c* axis in the X‐ray oscillation photographs, indicating stacking faults of the structure. The fundamental X‐ray reflections were indexed with a hexagonal cell (a=7.9489(3) Å, c=14.3941(6) Å). The structure was analyzed with a model of space group P in which one of the six Al/Si sites was statistically split into two sites with occupancies of 0.673(5) and 0.227(5). The atomic arrangements in the layers of the structure were similar to those of Sr‐α‐SiAlON, but the stacking sequences of the layers were different. The peak wavelengths and full widths at half maximum of emission spectra measured for the single crystals of Sr0.31Al0.62Si11.38N16:Eu and Sr2.97Eu0.03Al6Si24N40 were 583 nm and 87 nm, and 584 nm and 91 nm, respectively, under 400 nm wavelength light excitation at room temperature.
Effects of placebos without deception compared with no treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Charlesworth James E.G. , Petkovic Grace , Kelley John M. , Hunter Monika , Onakpoya Igho , Roberts Nia , Miller Franklin G. , Howick Jeremy 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of open‐label placebos compared with no treatment in a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Injuries Group's Specialised Register, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid MEDLINE(R) In‐Process & Other Non‐Indexed Citations (OvidSP), EMBASE (OvidSP), and clinical trials registers and screened reference lists. The search was run on 27th April 2015. We included all randomized controlled trials of any medical condition with open‐label placebo and no‐treatment groups. Authors independently assessed records and extracted data. We excluded nonrandomized trials and nonclinical studies. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane criteria. We used random‐effects model for meta‐analysis.ResultsWe screened 348 publications, assessed 24 articles for eligibility and identified five trials (260 participants) that met inclusion criteria. The clinical conditions were: irritable bowel syndrome, depression, allergic rhinitis, back pain, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The risk of bias was moderate. We found a positive effect for nondeceptive placebos (standardized mean difference 0.88, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.14, P < 0.00001, I2 = 1%).ConclusionsOpen‐label placebos appear to have positive clinical effects compared to no treatment. Caution is warranted when interpreting these results due to the limited number of trials identified, lack of blinding, and the fact that positive messages were included alongside open‐label placebos. Larger definitive trials are now warranted to explore the potential patient benefit of open‐label placebos, to investigate the relative contributions of positive suggestions, and ethical implications.
Zinc monotherapy for young children with presymptomatic Wilson disease: A multicenter study in Japan
Authors: Eda Keisuke , Mizuochi Tatsuki , Iwama Itaru , Inui Ayano , Etani Yuri , Araki Mariko , Hara Shinya , Kumagai Hideki , Hagiwara Shin‐Ichiro , Murayama Kei , Murakami Jun , Shimizu Norikazu , Kodama Hiroko , Yasuda Ryosuke , Takaki Yugo , Yamashita Yushiro 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground and AimFew studies of zinc monotherapy for presymptomatic Wilson disease have focused on young children. We therefore evaluated long‐term efficacy and safety of zinc monotherapy for such children and established benchmarks for maintenance therapy.MethodsWe retrospectively and prospectively examined children under 10 years old with presymptomatic Wilson disease who received zinc monotherapy from time of diagnosis at 12 participating pediatric centers in Japan.ResultsTwenty‐four patients met entry criteria. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase decreased significantly beginning 1 month after initiation of treatment and usually remained under 50 U/L from 1 to 8 years of treatment. Twenty four‐hour urinary copper decreased significantly at 6 months and usually remained under 75 μg/day and between 1 and 3 μg/kg/day for the remainder of the study. All patients continued to take zinc, and none became symptomatic. In patients under 6 years old who received 50 mg/day of zinc as an initial dose, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase significantly decreased at 1 month after initiation of treatment, as did γ‐glutamyltransferase and 24‐h urinary copper at 6 months.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first multicenter study of zinc monotherapy for young children with presymptomatic Wilson disease. Such monotherapy proved highly effective and safe. Maintaining normal transaminase values (or values under 50 U/L when normalization is difficult) and 24‐h urinary copper excretion between 1 and 3 μg/kg/day and under 75 μg/day is a reasonable goal. An initial dose of 50 mg/day is appropriate for patients under 6 years old.
Identifying Drivers of China's Provincial Wastewater Reuse Outcomes Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Jiang Daqian , Fischer Manuel , Huang Zhe , Kunz Nadja 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn water‐scarce regions of China, wastewater reuse is increasingly considered as a potential component of China's future water resource management strategy. Currently, the percentage of wastewater reuse varies substantially across Chinese provinces, but conditions leading to a high rate of wastewater reuse have not been elucidated clearly. In this work, we use fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to identify the drivers of high and low percentages of wastewater reuse in water‐stressed Chinese provinces in 2013. We find that among the five conditions studied (per capita water availability, urban population, access to sea, access to urban space, and access to agricultural land), a high percentage of wastewater reuse is primarily driven by water stress and access to urban green space. Consequently, policies should consider targeting provinces with these attributes where wastewater reuse is more likely to be successful. Further, our results show that there is asymmetry in the conditions that lead to high and low percentages of wastewater reuse, and that the drivers for and against reuse identified in this study are not completely analogous to those identified in previous studies. As such, the drivers for and against wastewater reuse should not be generalized without due consideration of the local context.
Disentangling Perceived Norms: Predictors of Unintended Pregnancy During the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Compernolle Ellen L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUsing data from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life Study, this study examines the role of perceived norms in predicting unintended pregnancy among young women aged 18 to 22 years. First, it compares the relative influence of the content (injunctive [approval] versus descriptive [prevalence]) and referent (parents versus friends) of fertility‐related norms. Second, in identifying entrance into motherhood as an important life course event, particularly during the transition to adulthood, it explores how these influences vary by parity. Third, it tests two potential mechanisms: conformity via internalization and superficial conformity. Findings support injunctive norms: Nonmothers' risk of unintended pregnancy is largely influenced by friends' approval, whereas parents' approval best predicts that of young mothers'. The effects are independent of respondents' own attitudes, suggesting superficial conformity. The study sheds light on how young women's perceptions of what is “normal” among important others influence a consequential early‐life event: becoming a parent.
Who Helps Single Mothers in Nairobi? The Role of Kin Support
Authors: Clark Shelley , Madhavan Sangeetha , Cotton Cassandra , Beguy Donatien , Kabiru Caroline 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSingle mothers often turn to their extended kin for financial assistance and to help with child care. Such support may be especially important in areas of high poverty and poor environmental conditions. Using novel kinship data, this article assesses the extent of support given by more than 3,000 relatives to 462 single mothers living in a slum area of Nairobi, Kenya. Contrary to stereotypes about families in sub‐Saharan Africa, the active kin network of single mothers is relatively small, and nearly a fifth of mothers do not receive any financial or child‐care assistance. Different types of kin offer different kinds of support according to culturally proscribed roles. However, support also depends heavily on kin's employment status, geographic proximity, and age. These findings offer a nuanced picture of how single women living in slum areas draw on their kin network to cope with their daily demands as mothers.
Relational‐Interdependent Self‐Construal and Gender Predicting Blood Pressure Reactivity and Recovery From Stress in Early Adolescence
Authors: Kawabata Yoshito , Tseng Wan‐Ling , Murray‐Close Dianna 
Published: April 2017

This study investigated the association between relational‐interdependent self‐construals (relational interdependence) and blood pressure reactivity and recovery from two types of peer stressors (i.e., relational and instrumental) and gender as a moderator of this association. One hundred and ninety‐six early adolescents (M = 10.11 years) reported their relational interdependence and participated in a laboratory stress protocol in which their systolic and diastolic blood pressures before, during, and after experiencing peer stressors were assessed. Results indicated that for males only, those with high relational interdependence showed greater systolic blood pressure reactivity and, at a trend level, impaired recovery from instrumental stressors; females with high relational interdependence showed greater diastolic blood pressure reactivity to relational stressors.