bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of periampullary diverticulum on technical success and complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: Single center experience
Authors: Omar Mohammed A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Context: The incidence of the periampullary duodenal diverticulum (PAD) varies widely from 1 to 32.8%. Although it is usually asymptomatic, its association with various pathological conditions such as choledocholithiasis increased the incidence of complications and cannulation failures after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been well recognized in various studies. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the success rate, difficult cannulation, and complications between patients with and without PAD. Settings and Design: A prospective observational study. Subjects and Methods: The study includes 1022 consecutive patients who underwent an ERCP during the period from June 2010 to June 2015. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence (Group A, 114 patients) or absence (Group B, 908 patients) of PAD. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS version 16. Results: Successful cannulation was achieved in up to 90.4% and 95.9% in Groups A and B, respectively (P = 0.12). The difficulty at attempting this goal was different between the groups (33.3% vs. 16%, P < 0.001). Duodenal perforation and recurrent biliary stones formation were the only significant post-ERCP complications between both groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed 3 significant variables (abnormal papilla, the presence of diverticula, and stricture) with odds ratios indicating a difficult cannulation attempt. Conclusion: The finding of a PAD should not be considered an obstacle to a successful biliary cannulation, but requires more skills. However, it is associated with difficult cannulation, prolonged cannulation and procedure time, decreased the rate of successful stone removal, and increased the incidence of primary and recurrent biliary stones formation.
Massive gastrointestinal bleed due to multiple gastric neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Rana Surinder Singh , Mangat Paramvir Singh , Kaman Lileswar , Bhasin Deepak Kumar 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGastric neuroendocrine tumors (G-NETs) are uncommon lesions which are usually diagnosed on histological evaluation of gastric polyps. These may occur sporadically or due to hypergastrinemia in the setting of atrophic gastritis or Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. Large lesions may ulcerate and result in gastrointestinal bleeding. However, massive gastrointestinal bleeding is rare in patients with NETs. We report a 60-year-old lady who presented with massive gastrointestinal bleeding due to multiple G-NETs.
Secagem drástica de madeiras de Eucalyptus e Corymbia fornece informações para a elaboração de programas de secagem
Authors: Eleoterio Jackson Roberto , Bagattoli Tania Regina , Hornburg Kerling Fabiane , Kirchheim da Silva Cláudia Mariana 
Published: January 2016

<p class="Resumo">O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a secagem drástica de pequenas amostras como alternativa metodológica para a definição de programas de secagem umidade-temperatura, aplicando-a para madeira de <em>Corymbia torelliana</em>, <em>Eucalyptus cloeziana</em>, <em>E. grandis</em> x <em>E. urophylla, E. pilularis</em> e<em> E. resinifera</em> e avaliar a possibilidade de agrupar espécies com recomendações semelhantes. Foram utilizadas peças com dimensões iniciais de 100 mm de comprimento, 50 mm de largura e 10 mm de espessura. Essas foram mantidas em estufa a 100 °C, até que o teor de umidade atingisse valores inferiores a 5%. Durante a secagem drástica as peças foram pesadas em intervalos de 1 h e foram medidos o comprimento e a largura das rachaduras, utilizando paquímetro e calibrador de folga. Em função das diferenças nas temperaturas iniciais, finais e no potencial de secagem, observou-se um grupo que suporta condições de secagem mais severas, formado por <em>Corymbia torelliana</em> e <em>E. grandis</em> x <em>E. urophylla</em> e outro que demanda condições mais suaves, formado por <em>E. pilularis</em> e <em>E. cloeziana</em>. A madeira de <em>E. resinifera</em> pode ser submetida à secagem nas condições definidas para quaisquer dos grupos.</p>
13-week Pulmonary Sonoangiogram by 3D HDlive Flow
Authors: Pooh Ritsuko K 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent development of three-dimensional (3D)/four-dimensional (4D) sonography has revealed structural and functional early human development in utero and 3D/4D sonography moved prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies from the second to the first trimester of pregnancy. HDlive flow is a recent application of 3D ultrasound technology generating a 3D-view of the blood flow and providing a realistic rendering of fine vascular structure. Combination of HDlive silhouette and flow can be described as a ‘see-through fashion’, because of its comprehensive orientation and persuasive localization of inner structure as well as of fetal angiostructure inside the morphological structure.
The picture of this month demonstrates normal intracorporeal angiostructure by 3D HDlive silhouette/flow imaging with bidirectional power Doppler at 13 weeks of gestation. The umbilical arteries, umbilical vein, ductus venosus, inferior vena cava, descending aorta as well as rich pulmonary vascularity are clearly demonstrated in a single 3D reconstructed image. This image indicates existence of rich pulmonary vascularity from even before lung maturation in the first trimester.
Prenatal prediction of neonatal prognosis in cases with still remains a challenge but previous trials have been done after 20 weeks of gestation. Nowadays, many of pulmonary lesions, such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), have been diagnosed in the first or early second trimesters. Recent advanced imaging technology of HDlive flow showing pulmonary vasculature from the first trimester in this article may have a great potential to investigate fetal lung development and maturity from early gestation and lead to scheduling of prenatal fetal treatment and proper management.

How to cite this article
Pooh RK. 13-week Pulmonary Sonoangiogram by 3D HDlive Flow. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(4):355-356.
The New Three-dimensional Ultrasound Modes allow a Better Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Ultrasound Diagnosis beyond the Rotterdam Criteria
Authors: Raga Francisco , Caballero Oscar , Bonilla Francisco , Bonilla-Musoles Fernando , Carlos Castillo Juan 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine condition affecting reproductive-aged women. The exact etiology of this condition remains elusive and the definition of the syndrome has undergone several revisions in which ovarian morphology plays a central role. This review describes several and modern three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound modes including: HDliveTM, virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL), inversion mode, Radiance System ArchitectureTM, for the study of PCOS-related ovarian morphology. This state-of-the-art technology should be employed—when available, in the evaluation of PCOS-related ovarian morphology.

How to cite this article
Raga F, Bonilla F Jr, Caballero O, Castillo JC, Bonilla-Musoles F. The New Three-dimensional Ultrasound Modes allow a Better Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Ultrasound Diagnosis beyond the Rotterdam Criteria. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(4):434-445.
Plasma treatment of poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces using a compact atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge device for adhesion improvement
Authors: do Nascimento Fellype , Parada Sergio , Moshkalev Stanislav , Machida Munemasa 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Results of the treatment of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces using novel atmospheric pressure pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasmas are presented. Different gases (argon, helium, nitrogen) as well as their mixtures with water vapor were compared in terms of the improvement of adhesion between two PDMS samples after processing by plasma. The plasma was characterized by optical emission spectroscopy to identify the emitting species and determine the plasma temperatures. For all the gases studied, plasma processing resulted in increase of adhesion between PDMS samples if long exposure time (larger than 150 s) is applied. However, for very short treatment times (20 plasma pulses, total processing time about 3 s) the highest efficiency was found for helium plasmas. Water contact angles at PDMS surfaces as function of plasma processing time was analyzed. Atomic force microscopy analysis was performed to show reduction in the surface roughness after plasma treatment, which is likely to be the responsible for increase of the surface contact area and thus the adhesion between two PDMS surfaces. The role of the two mechanisms in the improvement of adhesion (enhanced wettability and changes in the surface morphology), for different time scales, is discussed. Interestingly, for the minimum processing time (20 plasma pulses), the improvement in adhesion and reduction of surface roughness are observed although the changes in the water contact angle are insignificant.
Mechanism of amperometric biosensor with electronic-type-controlled carbon nanotube
Authors: Hidaka Hiroki , Nowaki Kohei , Muguruma Hitoshi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
An amperometric enzyme biosensor with electronic-type-controlled (metallic and semiconducting) single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is presented. In this research, we investigate how the electronic types of CNTs influence the amperometric response of enzyme biosensors and what their working mechanisms are. The biosensor of interest is for glucose detection using enzyme glucose oxidase (GOD). In the presence of oxygen, the response of a metallic CNT-GOD electrode was 2.5 times more sensitive than that of a semiconducting CNT-GOD electrode. In contrast, in the absence of oxygen, the response of the semiconducting CNT-GOD electrode was retained, whereas that of the metallic CNT-GOD electrode was significantly reduced. This indicates that direct electron transfer occurred with the semiconducting CNT-GOD electrode, whereas the metallic CNT-GOD electrode was dominated by a hydrogen peroxide pathway caused by an enzymatic reaction. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to show that the semiconducting CNT network has less resistance for electron transfer than the metallic CNT network. The optimized glucose biosensor revealed a sensitivity of 5.6 µA mM−1 cm−2 at +0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl, a linear dynamic range of 0.025–1.4 mM, and a response time of 8 s.
Microzooplankton regulation of surface ocean POC:PON ratios
Authors: Talmy D. , Martiny A. C. , Hill C. , Hickman A. E. , Follows M. J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe elemental composition of particulate organic matter in the surface ocean significantly affects the efficiency of the ocean's store of carbon. Though the elemental composition of primary producers is an important factor, recent observations from the western North Atlantic Ocean revealed that carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratios (C:N) of phytoplankton were significantly higher than the relatively homeostatic ratio of the total particulate pool (particulate organic carbon:particulate organic nitrogen; POC:PON). Here we use an idealized ecosystem model to show how interactions between primary and secondary producers maintain the mean composition of surface particulates and the difference between primary producers and bulk material. Idealized physiological models of phytoplankton and microzooplankton, constrained by laboratory data, reveal contrasting autotrophic and heterotrophic responses to nitrogen limitation: under nitrogen limitation, phytoplankton accumulate carbon in carbohydrates and lipids while microzooplankton deplete internal C reserves to fuel respiration. Global ecosystem simulations yield hypothetical global distributions of phytoplankton and microzooplankton C:N ratio predicting elevated phytoplankton C:N ratios in the high‐light, low‐nutrient regions of the ocean despite a lower, homeostatic POC:PON ratio due to respiration of excess carbon in systems subject to top‐down control. The model qualitatively captures and provides a simple interpretation for, a global compilation of surface ocean POC:PON data.
Neutron monitor yield function for solar neutrons: A new computation
Authors: Artamonov A. A. , Kovaltsov G. A. , Mishev A. L. , Usoskin I. G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA new yield function of a standard neutron monitor 6NM64 for solar neutrons is presented and tabulated in the attached lookup tables. It corresponds to a wide range of altitudes of the neutron monitor locations and angles of incidence for neutrons entering the Earth's atmosphere. The computations were made by Monte Carlo using the GEANT4‐based PLANETOCOSMICS tool. The yield function was validated against the measured data for solar neutron events of 3 June 1982 and 24 May 1990, and good agreement was found within a wide range of the altitudes of the neutron monitor location and angles of incidence of solar neutron arrival. The sensitivity of the world neutron monitor network for registration of solar neutron events was reassessed. The neutron monitor network is shown to be, in addition to other methods, a sensitive tool for monitoring of high‐energy solar‐flare neutrons with ≈95% probability to detect statistically significantly (>5σ) a solar neutron event similar to that of 3 June 1982.
Large‐amplitude mesospheric response to an orographic wave generated over the Southern Ocean Auckland Islands (50.7°S) during the DEEPWAVE project
Authors: Pautet P.‐D. , Taylor M. J. , Fritts D. C. , Bossert K. , Williams B. P. , Broutman D. , Ma J. , Eckermann S. D. , Doyle J. D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) project was conducted over New Zealand and the surrounding regions during June and July 2014, to more fully understand the generation, propagation, and effects of atmospheric gravity waves. A large suite of instruments collected data from the ground to the upper atmosphere (~100 km), with several new remote‐sensing instruments operating on board the NSF Gulfstream V (GV) research aircraft, which was the central measurement platform of the project. On 14 July, during one of the research flights (research flight 23), a spectacular event was observed as the GV flew in the lee of the sub‐Antarctic Auckland Islands (50.7°S). An apparent “ship wave” pattern was imaged in the OH layer (at ~83.5 km) by the Utah State University Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper and evolved significantly over four successive passes spanning more than 4 h. The waves were associated with orographic forcing generated by relatively strong (15–20 m/s) near‐surface wind flowing over the rugged island topography. The mountain wave had an amplitude T′ ~ 10 K, a dominant horizontal wavelength ~40 km, achieved a momentum flux exceeding 300 m2 s−2, and eventually exhibited instability and breaking at the OH altitude. This case of deep mountain wave propagation demonstrates the potential for strong responses in the mesosphere arising from a small source under suitable propagation conditions and suggests that such cases may be more common than previously believed.
Exploring shoreface dynamics and a mechanistic explanation for a morphodynamic depth of closure
Authors: Ortiz Alejandra C. , Ashton Andrew D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUsing energetics‐based formulations for wave‐driven sediment transport, we develop a robust methodology for estimating the morphodynamic evolution of a cross‐shore sandy coastal profile. In our approach, wave‐driven cross‐shore sediment flux depends on three components: two onshore‐directed terms (wave asymmetry and wave streaming) and an offshore‐directed slope term. In contrast with previous work, which applies shallow water wave assumptions across the transitional zone of the lower shoreface, we use linear Airy wave theory. The cross‐shore sediment transport formulation defines a dynamic equilibrium profile and, by perturbing about this steady state profile, we present an advection‐diffusion formula for profile evolution. Morphodynamic Péclet analysis suggests that the shoreface is diffusionally dominated. Using this depth‐dependent characteristic diffusivity timescale, we distinguish a morphodynamic depth of closure for a given time envelope. Even though wave‐driven sediment transport can (and will) occur at depths deeper than this morphodynamic closure depth, the rate of morphologic bed changes in response to shoreline change becomes asymptotically slow. Linear wave theory suggests a shallower shoreface depth of closure and much sharper break in processes than shallow water wave assumptions. Analyzing hindcasted wave data using a weighted frequency‐magnitude approach, we determine representative wave conditions for selected sites along the U.S. coastline. Computed equilibrium profiles and depths of closure demonstrate reasonable similarities, except where inheritance is strong. The methodology espoused in this paper can be used to better understand the morphodynamics at the lower shoreface transition with relative ease across a variety of sites and with varied sediment transport equations.
The interplay between the surface and bottom water environment within the Benguela Upwelling System over the last 70 ka
Authors: McKay C. L. , Filipsson H. L. , Romero O. E. , Stuut J.‐B. W. , Björck S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Benguela Upwelling System (BUS), located between 30 and 20°S, is one of the fundamental high‐productivity systems of the world ocean. The BUS has previously been studied in terms of primary productivity and ecology over glacial‐interglacial timescales; however, the response and coupling with the benthic environment have received little attention. Here, for the first time, we present a high‐resolution reconstruction of the BUS highlighting the link between surface and benthic productivity and their response to climatic and oceanographic changes over the last 70 ka. The study is based on benthic foraminiferal faunal analysis together with analyses of diatom assemblages, grain size of the terrigenous fraction, and stable O and C isotopic and bulk biogenic components of core GeoB3606‐1. We reveal significant shifts in benthic foraminiferal assemblage composition. Tight coupling existed between the surface and bottom water environment especially throughout marine isotope stages 4 and 3 (MIS4 and MIS3). Due to the high export production, the site has essentially experienced continuous low oxygen conditions; however, there are time periods where the hypoxic conditions were even more notable. Two of these severe hypoxic periods were during parts of MIS4 and MIS3 where we find an inverse relationship between diatom and benthic foraminifera accumulation, meaning that during times of extremely high phytodetritus export we note strongly suppressed benthic productivity. We also stress the importance of food source for the benthos throughout the record. Shifts in export productivity are attributed not only to upwelling intensity and filament front position, but also, regional‐global climatic and oceanographic changes had significant impact on the BUS dynamics.
Direkte katalytische Synthese von ungeschützten 2‐Amino‐1‐phenylethanolen aus Alkenen mithilfe von Eisen(II)‐phthalocyanin
Authors: Legnani Luca , Morandi Bill 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAryl‐substituierte Aminoalkohole sind bevorzugte Gerüstbausteine in der medizinischen Chemie und in Naturstoffen. Wir berichten hier über einen ungewöhnlich simplen und kostengünstigen FeII‐Komplex, der die direkte Umwandlung von einfachen Alkenen in ungeschützte Aminoalkohole in guten Ausbeuten und mit perfekter Regioselektivität katalysiert. Diese neue katalytische Methode wurde zur Synthese von biologisch aktiven Molekülen eingesetzt und konnte auf die Aminoveretherung ausgeweitet werden.
Myoglobin‐Catalyzed Olefination of Aldehydes
Authors: Tyagi Vikas , Fasan Rudi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe olefination of aldehydes constitutes a most valuable and widely adopted strategy for constructing carbon–carbon double bonds in organic chemistry. While various synthetic methods have been made available for this purpose, no biocatalysts are known to mediate this transformation. Reported herein is that engineered myoglobin variants can catalyze the olefination of aldehydes in the presence of α‐diazoesters with high catalytic efficiency (up to 4,900 turnovers) and excellent E diastereoselectivity (92–99.9 % de). This transformation could be applied to the olefination of a variety of substituted benzaldehydes and heteroaromatic aldehydes, also in combination with different alkyl α‐diazoacetate reagents. This work provides a first example of biocatalytic aldehyde olefination and extends the spectrum of synthetically valuable chemical transformations accessible using metalloprotein‐based catalysts.
Reactive modification and compatibilization of poly(lactide) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) blends with epoxy functionalized‐poly(lactide) for blown film applications
Authors: Schneider Jeff , Manjure Shilpa , Narayan Ramani 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTBiodegradable blown films comprising of poly(lactide) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) were produced using epoxy functionalized‐poly(lactide) (EF‐PLA) reactive modifiers for rheological enhancement and compatibilization. The epoxy groups on the EF‐PLA modifiers react with PBAT forming an in situ copolymer that localizes at the blend interphase resulting in compatibilization of the polymer blend components. The EF‐PLA modified polymer blends have improved melt strength and the resultant films showed better processability as seen by increased bubbled stability. This allowed for blown films with higher PLA content (70%) compared to the unmodified control films (40%). The static charge build‐up typically experienced with PLA film blowing was decreased with the inclusion of EF‐PLA yielding films with better slip and softness. The compatibilization effect of the EF‐PLA modifiers resulted in significant improvement in mechanical properties. For example, dart test performance was up to four times higher than the control, especially at higher PLA concentrations. Therefore, the rheological enhancement and compatibilization effects of the EF‐PLA reactive modifiers make them ideally suited to create high PLA content films. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43310.
Synthesis and Electrochemical and Photophysical Characterization of New 4,4′‐π‐Conjugated 2,2′‐Bipyridines that are End‐Capped with Cyanoacrylic Acid/Ester Groups
Authors: Fingerhut Anja , Wu Yanlin , Kahnt Axel , Bachmann Julien , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTwo new functionalized 4,4′‐disubstituted 2,2′‐bipyridines that were end‐capped with cyanoacrylic acid or cyanoacrylic acid ester anchoring groups, which might allow their efficient functionalization on TiO2 or other metal‐oxide semiconductor surfaces, have been synthesized and characterized by electrochemical, photophysical, and spectroscopic measurements. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of these 4,4′‐disubstituted 2,2′‐bipyridines with extended π systems, in particular their LUMO energies, make them promising candidates to build up inorganic–organic hybrid photosensitizers for the sensitization of metal‐oxide semiconductors (e.g., TiO2 nanoparticles and/or nanotubes).
Straightforward Synthesis, Electrochemical Properties, and Gel Formation of Thiacalix[n]thiophenes
Authors: Hasegawa Masashi , Honda Yoshiki , Inoue Ryota , Mazaki Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA facile synthetic approach toward thiacalix[n]thiophene homologues (n=4–6) is presented herein. Pd‐catalyzed coupling of 2,5‐dibromothiophene derivatives with stannyl sulfide gave various thiacalix[n]thiophenes in good yields. The optical and electrochemical properties of the produced cavitands were investigated. Furthermore, gelation was observed in some solvents.