bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypercalcemia due to Parathyroid Adenoma: A Delayed Diagnosis
Authors: Bist SS , Agarwal Vinish Kumar , Goyal Mamta , Purohit Kartikeya 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Hypercalcemia is a serious health problem occurring due to pathology of many organ systems including thyroid, parathyroid, kidney, and bone. Hypercalcemia due to parathyroid is usually a delayed diagnosis as parathyroid adenoma is usually discovered during surgery of thyroid gland disease. We present a case of hypercalcemia due to parathyroid adenoma, who underwent total thyroidectomy with right inferior parathyroidectomy. We conclude that a patient with features suggestive of hypercalcemia should be suspected to have parathyroid adenoma and every effort has to be made to diagnose parathyroid adenoma as this is a surgically resectable medical problem.

How to cite this article
Agarwal VK, Purohit K, Bist SS, Goyal M. Hypercalcemia due to Parathyroid Adenoma: A Delayed Diagnosis. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(1):51-52.
Changing patterns of fire occurrence in proximity to forest edges, roads and rivers between NW Amazonian countries
Authors: Armenteras Dolors , Barreto Joan Sebastian , Tabor Karyn , Molowny-Horas Roberto , Retana Javier 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Tropical forests in NW Amazonia are highly threatened by the expansion of the agricultural frontier and subsequent deforestation. Fire is used, both directly and indirectly, in Brazilian Amazonia to propagate deforestation and increase forest accessibility. Forest fragmentation, a measure of forest degradation, is also attributed to fire occurrence in the tropics. However, outside the Brazilian Legal Amazonia the role of fire in increasing accessibility and forest fragmentation is less explored. In this study, we compared fire regimes in five countries that share this tropical biome in the most north-westerly part of the Amazon Basin (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil). We analysed spatial differences in the timing of peak fire activity and in relation to proximity to roads and rivers using 12 years of MODIS active fire detections. We also distinguished patterns of fire in relation to forest fragmentation by analysing fire distance to the forest edge as a measure of fragmentation for each country. We found significant hemispheric differences in peak fire occurrence with the highest number of fires in the south in 2005 vs. 2007 in the north. Despite this, both hemispheres are equally affected by fire. We also found difference in peak fire occurrence by country. Fire peaked in February in Colombia and Venezuela, whereas it peaked in September in Brazil and Peru, and finally Ecuador presented two fire peaks in January and October. We confirmed the relationship between fires and forest fragmentation for all countries and also found significant differences in the distance between the fire and the forest edge for each country. Fires were associated with roads and rivers in most countries. These results can inform land use planning at the regional, national and subnational scales to minimize the contribution of road expansion and subsequent access to the Amazonian natural resources to fire occurrence and the associated deforestation and carbon emissions.
Ground-ice stable isotopes and cryostratigraphy reflect late Quaternary palaeoclimate in the Northeast Siberian Arctic (Oyogos Yar coast, Dmitry Laptev Strait)
Authors: Opel Thomas , Wetterich Sebastian , Meyer Hanno , Dereviagin Alexander Y. , Fuchs Margret C. , Schirrmeister Lutz 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. To reconstruct palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironmental conditions in the northeast Siberian Arctic, we studied late Quaternary permafrost at the Oyogos Yar coast (Dmitry Laptev Strait). New infrared-stimulated luminescence ages for distinctive floodplain deposits of the Kuchchugui Suite (112.5 ± 9.6 kyr) and thermokarst-lake deposits of the Krest Yuryakh Suite (102.4 ± 9.7 kyr), respectively, provide new substantial geochronological data and shed light on the landscape history of the Dmitry Laptev Strait region during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. Ground-ice stable-isotope data are presented together with cryolithological information for eight cryostratigraphic units and are complemented by data from nearby Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island. Our combined record of ice-wedge stable isotopes as a proxy for past winter climate conditions covers about 200 000 years and is supplemented by stable isotopes of pore and segregated ice which reflect annual climate conditions overprinted by freezing processes. Our ice-wedge stable-isotope data indicate substantial variations in northeast Siberian Arctic winter climate conditions during the late Quaternary, in particular between glacial and interglacial times but also over the last millennia to centuries. Stable isotope values of ice complex ice wedges indicate cold to very cold winter temperatures about 200 kyr ago (MIS7), very cold winter conditions about 100 kyr ago (MIS5), very cold to moderate winter conditions between about 60 and 30 kyr ago, and extremely cold winter temperatures during the Last Glacial Maximum (MIS2). Much warmer winter conditions are reflected by extensive thermokarst development during MIS5c and by Holocene ice-wedge stable isotopes. Modern ice-wedge stable isotopes are most enriched and testify to the recent winter warming in the Arctic. Hence, ice-wedge-based reconstructions of changes in winter climate conditions add substantial information to those derived from paleoecological proxies stored in permafrost and allow a distinction between seasonal trends of past climate dynamics. Future progress in ice-wedge dating and an improved temporal resolution of ice-wedge-derived climate information may help to fully explore the palaeoclimatic potential of ice wedges.
The MUMBA campaign: measurements of urban, marine and biogenic air
Authors: Paton-Walsh Clare , Guérette Élise-Andrée , Kubistin Dagmar , Humphries Ruhi , Wilson Stephen R. , Dominick Doreena , Galbally Ian , Buchholz Rebecca , Bhujel Mahendra , Chambers Scott , Cheng Min , Cope Martin , Davy Perry , Emmerson Kathryn , Griffith David W. T. , Griffiths Alan , Keywood Melita , Lawson Sarah , Molloy Suzie , Rea Géraldine , Selleck Paul , Shi Xue , Simmons Jack , Velazco Voltaire 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The Measurements of Urban, Marine and Biogenic Air (MUMBA) campaign took place in Wollongong, New South Wales (a small coastal city approximately 80 km south of Sydney, Australia) from 21 December 2012 to 15 February 2013. Like many Australian cities, Wollongong is surrounded by dense eucalyptus forest, so the urban airshed is heavily influenced by biogenic emissions. Instruments were deployed during MUMBA to measure the gaseous and aerosol composition of the atmosphere with the aim of providing a detailed characterisation of the complex environment of the ocean–forest–urban interface that could be used to test the skill of atmospheric models. The gases measured included ozone, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and many of the most abundant volatile organic compounds. The aerosol characterisation included total particle counts above 3 nm, total cloud condensation nuclei counts, mass concentration, number concentration size distribution, aerosol chemical analyses and elemental analysis.The campaign captured varied meteorological conditions, including two extreme heat events, providing a potentially valuable test for models of future air quality in a warmer climate. There was also an episode when the site sampled clean marine air for many hours, providing a useful additional measure of the background concentrations of these trace gases within this poorly sampled region of the globe. In this paper we describe the campaign, the meteorology and the resulting observations of atmospheric composition in general terms in order to equip the reader with a sufficient understanding of the Wollongong regional influences to use the MUMBA datasets as a case study for testing a chemical transport model. The data are available from PANGAEA (http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.871982).
Defining potentially preventable emergency department visits for older adults
Authors: Latham Lesley P. , Ackroyd-Stolarz Stacy 
Published: June 2017

Objective: As older adults become increasingly reliant on emergency departments (EDs) for care, there is an interest in determining what types of ED visits by this population may be preventable, or amenable to other forms of care. The aim of this project was to explore the concept of preventable ED visits by older adults.Methods: We conducted a literature search to identify definitions of “preventable” or “avoidable” ED visits. We then applied a definition of preventable ED visits to an administrative data set consisting of ED visit data extracted from four sites in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Visits for patients 65 years of age or older were eligible for inclusion. Visits were categorized using triage level and discharge diagnosis.Results: Four methods of defining preventable ED visits were identified in our literature search: 1) Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs) (N = 7), 2) Low Acuity/low intensity visits (N = 5), 3) New York University (NYU) (Billings) Algorithm (N = 3) and 4) hospital admission vs. non-admission (N = 1). We categorized 34,454 ED visits from our dataset using a modified definition of preventable ED visits that included ACSCs (15.3%) as well as low acuity visits that required no testing or hospital admission (9.9%).Conclusions: Our results suggest that approximately 25% of ED visits by older adults may be preventable or amenable to other forms of care. This data may be useful in the planning of care delivery appropriate for the needs of this population.
Higher Education, Student Health, and Obesity in Developing Countries
Authors: Taylor Caitriona 
Published: June 2017

A dichotomy exists in obesity rates and physical health factors, between similarly situated population groups in developed and developing nations. Positive correlations between higher education levels and obesity in the developed world may not be mirrored in the developing world. Using Egypt as a case study, this paper argues that higher education institutions in developing countries need to be a driving force in creating a cultural of health among their student populations, through increasing access to and participation in physical activity.
Colon carcinoma discovered in an adolescent during inguinal hernia repair
Authors: LeClair LCDR Lawrence L. , Mitchell CDR Craig S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Colon carcinoma is an unusual tumor during childhood. The authors report a case of metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma diagnosed in a 14-year-old boy during inguinal hernia repair. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of this rare disease presenting as an inguinal hernia.
Team physician preferences at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I universities
Authors: Stockard Alan R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Virtually all National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I universities have physicians who evaluate and treat athletic injuries and other medical conditions. The relationship of these physicians to these institutions ranges from a very loose arrangement to full-time employment. The specialties of the physicians working with the athletes of NCAA Division I universities vary as well. This study attempts to determine the specialty of current team physicians at NCAA Division I universities and their qualifications as well as the preferences of athletic directors when they are seeking to employ a team physician for their university. By comparing IA and non-IA Division I institutions, an attempt is made to determine the possible reasons for differences. This information will then be useful both for physicians-in-training who aspire to be team physicians at the university level and for administrators at these institutions who will be recruiting physicians with the most desirable credentials in the future.
Observatory clues to aid in the diagnosing of diastasis symphysis pubis: an underreported complication of parturition
Authors: Spaeth, Donald G. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Diagnosis of diastasis symphysis pubis in the postpartum period need not depend on radiographic findings. This diagnosis can be made with simple observation techniques. Entertaining a high index of suspicion and observation of the patient are the most important contributions the physician can make. Parameters triggering a tentative diagnosis would include, but not be limited to, a large infant, a small pelvis, a rapid second stage of delivery, or application of forces to abduct the thighs. The diagnosis of diastasis symphysis pubis should be ruled out if thefollowing conditions are present postpartum: the flattened abdomen (the postpartum "pooch" is absent); the patient is incontinent of urine when changing position from supine/prone to upright; the patient has pain in the hips or sacral region when walking; or the patient waddles when walking. The change in gait, or the pain on walking may not be noticed until 24 hours or more after delivery. However, the change in abdominal contour and incontinence is noticed immediately. Using these observational clues, the physician can institute treatment sooner, thereby expediting recovery.
Martial arts injuries
Authors: Wilkerson Leonard A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In the United States, approximately 1.5 million to 2 million persons practice the martial arts. It is the general belief that martial arts are safe, with little thought given to the physical forces involved. Some enthusiasts gravitate to the martial arts to learn self-defense, whereas others participate to improve cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, and self-esteem. Some join for the structured exercise programs, whereas others desire the artistic expression or have a need to compete. Injuries involve the head and neck region, trunk, and extremities. Soft tissue trauma, hematomas, and lacerations are some of the most common injuries. Occasionally fractures occur, most often involving the hands and digits. The neurosurgical literature indicates that wearing headgear increases the shearing injury to nerve fibers and neurons in the brain in proportion to the degree of acceleration to the head. Three case presentations illustrate death resulting from anterior chest trauma.
Revisiting epiglottitis: a protocol--the value of lateral neck radiographs
Authors: Ragosta Kevin G. , Orr Richard , RN Mary Jo Detweiler, 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A retrospective review was done on the medical records (March 1986 through December 1989) of patients referred to Pittsburgh Children's Hospital with the presumptive diagnosis of epiglottitis. Data obtained included age, final diagnosis, referring physician's radiographic evaluation/interpretation, procedures (intubation, IV administered, aerosol, cultures obtained), transport times, and long-term morbidity and mortality. The diagnostic value of lateral neck radiographs was analyzed. Lateral neck radiographs were found to be of little value in the primary evaluation of epiglottitis. Rather, skilled personnel, using an established protocol, did limit morbidity and mortality in patients with symptoms consistent with epiglottitis. All medical centers should develop a protocol for management of patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of epiglottitis.
No long‐term trends in pCO2 despite increasing organic carbon concentrations in boreal lakes, streams, and rivers
Authors: Nydahl Anna C. , Wallin Marcus B. , Weyhenmeyer Gesa A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractConcentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from terrestrial sources have been increasing in freshwaters across large parts of the boreal region. According to results from large‐scale field and detailed laboratory studies, such a DOC increase could potentially stimulate carbon dioxide (CO2) production, subsequently increasing the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in freshwaters. However, the response of pCO2 to the presently observed long‐term increase in DOC in freshwaters is still unknown. Here we tested whether the commonly found spatial DOC‐pCO2 relationship is also valid on a temporal scale. Analyzing time series of water chemical data from 71 lakes, 30 streams, and 4 river mouths distributed across all of Sweden over a 17 year period, we observed significant DOC concentration increases in 39 lakes, 15 streams, and 4 river mouths. Significant pCO2 increases were, however, only observed in six of these 58 waters, indicating that long‐term DOC increases in Swedish waters are disconnected from temporal pCO2 trends. We suggest that the uncoupling of trends in DOC concentration and pCO2 are a result of increased surface water runoff. When surface water runoff increases, there is likely less CO2 relative to DOC imported from soils into waters due to a changed balance between surface and groundwater flow. Additionally, increased surface water runoff causes faster water flushing through the landscape giving less time for in situ CO2 production in freshwaters. We conclude that pCO2 is presently not following DOC concentration trends, which has important implications for modeling future CO2 emissions from boreal waters.
Nonlinear internal waves and plumes generated in response to sea‐loch outflow, AUV, and time‐lapse photography observations
Authors: Toberman Matthew , Inall Mark , Boyd Tim , Dumount Estelle , Griffiths Colin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe tidally modulated outflow of brackish water from a sea loch forms a thin surface layer that propagates into the coastal ocean as a buoyant gravity current, transporting nutrients and sediments, as well as fresh water, heat and momentum. The fresh intrusion both propagates into and generates a strongly stratified environment which supports trains of nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs). NLIWs are shown to propagate ahead of this buoyancy input in response to propagation of the outflow water into the stratified environment generated by the previous release as well as in the opposing direction after the reflection from steep bathymetry. Oblique aerial photographs were taken and photogrammetric rectification led to the identification of the buoyant intrusion and the subsequent generation of NLIWs. An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) was deployed on repeated reciprocal transects in order to make simultaneous CTD, ADCP, and microstructure shear measurements of the evolution of these phenomena in conjunction with conventional mooring measurements. AUV‐based temperature and salinity signals of NLIWs of depression were observed together with increased turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates of over 2 orders of magnitude within and in the wake of the NLIWs. Repeated measurements allow a unique opportunity to investigate the horizontal structure of these phenomena. Simple metric scaling demonstrates that these processes are likely to be feature of many fjordic systems located on the west coast of Scotland but may also play a key role in the assimilation of the outflow from many tidally dominated fjordic systems throughout the world.
Temperature and oxygen dependence of the remineralization of organic matter
Authors: Laufkötter C. , John Jasmin G. , Stock Charles A. , Dunne John P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAccurate representation of the remineralization of sinking organic matter is crucial for reliable projections of the marine carbon cycle. Both water temperature and oxygen concentration are thought to influence remineralization rates, but limited data constraints have caused disagreement concerning the degree of these influences. We analyze a compilation of particulate organic carbon (POC) flux measurements from 19 globally distributed sites. Our results indicate that the attenuation of the flux of particulate organic matter depends on temperature with a Q10 between 1.5 and 2.01, and on oxygen described by a half‐saturation constant between 4 and 12 μmol/L. We assess the impact of the temperature and oxygen dependence in the biogeochemistry model Carbon, Ocean Biogeochemistry, and Lower Trophics, coupled to Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's Earth System Model ESM2M. The new remineralization parameterization results in shallower remineralization in the low latitudes but deeper remineralization in the high latitudes, redistributing POC flux toward the poles. It also decreases the volume of the oxygen minimum zones, partly addressing a long‐standing bias in global climate models. Extrapolating temperature‐dependent remineralization rates to the surface (i.e., beyond the depth range of POC flux data) resulted in rapid recycling and excessive surface nutrients. Surface nutrients could be ameliorated by reducing near‐surface rates in a manner consistent with bacterial colonization, suggesting the need for improved remineralization constraints within the euphotic zone. The temperature and oxygen dependence cause an additional 10% decrease in global POC flux at 500 m depth, but no significant change in global POC flux at 2000 m under the RCP8.5 future projection.
Autonomous observing platform CO2 data shed new light on the Southern Ocean carbon cycle
Authors: Olsen Are 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhile the number of surface ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) measurements has soared the recent decades, the Southern Ocean remains undersampled. Williams et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005541) now present pCO2 estimates based on data from pH‐sensor equipped Bio‐Argo floats, which have been measuring in the Southern Ocean since 2014. The authors demonstrate the utility of these data for understanding the carbon cycle in this region, which has a large influence on the distribution of CO2 between the ocean and atmosphere. Biogeochemical sensors deployed on autonomous platforms hold the potential to shape our view of the ocean carbon cycle in the coming decades.
Basin scale variability of active diazotrophs and nitrogen fixation in the North Pacific, from the tropics to the subarctic Bering Sea
Authors: Shiozaki Takuhei , Bombar Deniz , Riemann Lasse , Hashihama Fuminori , Takeda Shigenobu , Yamaguchi Tamaha , Ehama Makoto , Hamasaki Koji , Furuya Ken 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNitrogen‐fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) provide biologically available nitrogen to plankton communities and thereby greatly influence the productivity in many marine regions. Various cyanobacterial groups have traditionally been considered the major oceanic diazotrophs, but later noncyanobacterial and presumably heterotrophic diazotrophs were also found to be widespread and potentially important in nitrogen fixation. However, the distribution and activity of different diazotroph groups is still poorly constrained for most oceanic ecosystems. Here we examined diazotroph community structure and activity along a 7500 km south‐north transect between the central equatorial Pacific and the Bering Sea. Nitrogen fixation contributed up to 84% of new production in the upper waters of the subtropical gyre, where the diazotroph community included the gammaproteobacterium γ‐24774A11 and highly active cyanobacterial phylotypes (>50% of total nifH transcript abundance). Nitrogen fixation was sometimes detectable down to 150 m depth and extended horizontally to the edge of the gyre at around 35°N. Nitrogen fixation was even detected far north on the Bering Sea shelf. In the Alaskan Coastal Waters on the Bering Sea shelf, low nitrate together with high dissolved iron concentrations seemed to foster diazotroph growth, including a prominent role of UCYN‐A2, which was abundant near the surface (1.2×105 nifH gene copies L−1). Our study provides evidence for nitrogen fixation in the Bering Sea and suggests a clear contrast in the composition of diazotrophs between the tropical/subtropical gyre and the separate waters in the cold northern regions of the North Pacific.