bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indirect social influence and diffusion of innovations: An experimental approach
Authors: Miranda Manuel , Pereda María , Sánchez Angel , Estrada Ernesto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A fundamental feature for understanding the diffusion of innovations through a social group is the manner in which we are influenced by our own social interactions. It is usually assumed that only direct interactions, those that form our social network, determine the dynamics of adopting innovations. Here, we test this assumption by experimentally and theoretically studying the role of direct and indirect influences in the adoption of innovations. We perform experiments specifically designed to capture the influence that an individual receives from their direct social ties as well as from those socially close to them, as a function of the separation they have in their social network. The results of 21 experimental sessions with more than 590 participants show that the rate of adoption of an innovation is significantly influenced not only by our nearest neighbors but also by the second and third levels of influences an adopter has. Using a mathematical model that accounts for both direct and indirect interactions in a network, we fit the experimental results and determine the way in which influences decay with social distance. The results indicate that the strength of peer pressure on an adopter coming from its second and third circles of influence is approximately two-third and one-third, respectively, relative to their closest neighbors. Our results strongly suggest that the adoption of an innovation is a complex process in which an individual feels significant pressure not only from their direct ties but also by those socially close to them.
Verbal attacks on terrorist groups increase violence against civilians
Authors: Iliev Iliyan , Bet Younadam Nahrain , Kinne Brandon J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Terrorists and other transnational extremist groups are responsible for thousands of civilian deaths. In confronting extremists, governments have relied heavily on threats, demands, denunciations, and other forms of verbal conflict. Do these efforts at verbal coercion have any effect on terrorist behavior? This analysis focuses on the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which continues to be the world's deadliest terrorist group and was responsible for recent high-profile attacks in Baghdad, Vienna, Kabul, and Russia. We use Bayesian structural vector autoregression models to analyze daily event data on interactions between ISIS and foreign governments for the 2014–2020 period. We find that verbal conflict initiated by governments not only failed to deter ISIS but in fact increased the frequency of ISIS's attacks on civilians. Additional empirical analyses, combined with evidence from ISIS's publications and public statements, suggest that this effect resulted from a perceived credibility deficit. Extremists use terror attacks to signal that they have the capabilities and willingness to inflict pain and suffering on civilian targets. Government attempts to coerce extremist groups verbally, rather than militarily, reflect an underestimation of the group's capabilities and resolve. In an effort to solidify their reputations, extremists engage in further violence toward civilians, thus leading to worse humanitarian consequences. We extend the analysis to Al-Qaeda in Iraq and Boko Haram and find similar results.
Female sexual dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: an Italian case-control study
Authors: Balsamo Raffaele , Crocetto Felice , Barone Biagio , Fusco Ferdinando , Arcaniolo Davide , Costantini Elisabetta , Illiano Ester , Amicuzi Ugo , Torella Marco , Ranavolo Raffaele , Quattrone Carmelo , De Sio Marco , Tammaro Simone 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a recurrent, autoimmune, and inflammatory demyelinating chronic disease that typically manifests in young adulthood and exerts adverse effects on sexual functions.

Aim
The study evaluated the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions (SDs) and the relationship with neurological disability, depression, and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in a cohort of MS female patients, comparing these results with those of healthy women.

Methods
From January 2023 to January 2024, consecutive premenopausal female patients with MS, were recruited and the examination included urinalysis, ultrasonography and a urodynamic test according to the International Continence Society standard.

Outcomes
Descriptive statistics were reported as mean and standard deviation for continuous variables (analyzed by independent samples Mann-Whitney U test and independent samples Kruskal-Wallis test) while categorical variables were reported as frequency and percentage (analyzed by chi-square test with Fisher’s exact test).

Results
Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) total score and all FSFI subscales scores were significantly lower in patients with MS vs healthy control subjects (P &lt; .001); FSFI total scores and all FSFI subscale scores were statistically significantly lower in patients with MS with an International Prostate Symptom Score ≥20 (P &lt; .001) and considering a cutoff for Beck Depression Inventory–II score ≥17, depression was present in 61% (n = 47 of 77) of patients with MS and completely absent in the control group.

Clinical Translation
The knowledge that SDs are a common problem in MS and in other chronic illnesses can alleviate the feeling of stigma and talking openly of sexual problems can be helpful for the patients and so the doctor-patient relationship can be reinforced.

Strengths and Limitations
The sample was drawn from a single center, and larger multicenter studies that include both genders are needed to obtain strong results.

Conclusion
Our findings confirm the idea of a polygenic and multifactorial etiology of female SDs in MS. Therefore, women with MS should be evaluated in terms of SDs during follow-ups.
Epigenetic regulation of cardiovascular diseases induced by behavioral and environmental risk factors: Mechanistic, diagnostic, and therapeutic insights
Authors: Bi Feifei , Gao Chen , Guo Hongchao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBehavioral and environmental risk factors are critical in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these risk factors will offer valuable insights for targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression, and epitranscriptomic modifications, have emerged as key mediators connecting behavioral and environmental risk factors to CVD risk and progression. These epigenetic alterations can profoundly impact on cardiovascular health and susceptibility to CVD by influencing cellular processes, development, and disease risk over an individual's lifetime and potentially across generations. This review examines how behavioral and environmental risk factors affect CVD risk and health outcomes through epigenetic regulation. We review the epigenetic effects of major behavioral risk factors (such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and obesity) and environmental risk factors (including air and noise pollution) in the context of CVD pathogenesis. Additionally, we explore epigenetic biomarkers, considering their role as causal or surrogate indicators, and discuss epigenetic therapeutics targeting the mechanisms through which these risk factors contribute to CVD. We also address future research directions and challenges in leveraging epigenetic insights to reduce the burden of CVD related to behavioral and environmental factors and improve public health outcomes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of behavioral and environmental epigenetics in CVD and offer valuable strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Caring for patients with diabetes in the outpatient surgical setting: current recommendations and controversies
Authors: Duggan Elizabeth W. , Umpierrez Guillermo E. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Perioperative outpatient (ambulatory) care of the adult patient with diabetes requires unique considerations that vary from the inpatient setting. This review highlights specific pre, intra, and postoperative care steps for patients with diabetes undergoing ambulatory surgery, summarizing recent clinical trials, expert reviews, and emerging evidence.

Recent findings
There is a paucity of evidence examining optimal diabetes management in the outpatient setting. Currently, there are limited studies regarding preoperative management of oral hypoglycemic agents, home insulin, and carbohydrate-containing beverages.

Summary
Future research needs to specifically examine chronic blood glucose control, day of surgery targets, effective home medication management and the risk of perioperative hyperglycemia in ambulatory surgery. Education, protocols and resources to support the care of perioperative patients in the outpatient setting will aid providers on the day of surgery and provide optimal diabetes care leading up to surgery.
Assessing Abnormal Proximal Junctional Angles in Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Khalifé Marc , Lafage Renaud , Daniels Alan H. , Diebo Bassel G. , Elysée Jonathan , Ames Christopher P. , Bess Shay R. , Burton Douglas C. , Eastlack Robert K. , Gupta Munish C. , Hostin Richard A. , Kebaish Khaled , Kim Han-Jo , Klineberg Eric O. , Mundis Gregory , Okonkwo David O. , Gille Olivier , Guigui Pierre , Ferrero Emmanuelle , Skalli Wafa , Assi Ayman , Vergari Claudio , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Smith Justin S. , Schwab Frank J. , Lafage Virginie ,   International Spine Study Group
Published: October 2024

Study design.
Multicentric retrospective study of prospectively collected data.

Objective.
On the basis of normative data from a cohort of asymptomatic volunteers, this study sought to determine the rate of abnormal values of proximal junctional angles (PJA) in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery patients, and compare it with PJK rate.

Summary of Background Data.
Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) definition does not take the vertebral level into account.

Patients and Methods.
This study included 721 healthy volunteers and 824 ASD surgery patients with two-year postoperative follow-up. Normative values for each disc and vertebral body between T1 and T12 were analyzed, then normative values for PJA at each thoracic level were defined in the volunteer cohort as the mean±2SD. PJA abnormal values at the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) were compared with Glattes’ and Lovecchio’s definitions for PJK in the ASD population at two years.

Results.
Mean age was 37.7±16.3 in the volunteer cohort, with 50.5% of females. Mean thoracic kyphosis (TK) was -50.9±10.8°. Corridors of normality included PJA greater than 20° between T3 and T12. Mean age was 60.5±14.0 years in the ASD cohort, with 77.2% of females. Mean baseline TK was -37.4±19.9°, with a significant increase after surgery (-15.6±15.3°, P<0.001). There was 46.2% of PJK according to Glattes’ versus 8.7% according to Lovecchio’s and 22.9% of kyphotic PJA compared with normative values (P<0.001).

Conclusion.
This study provides normative values for segmental and regional alignment of thoracic spine, used to describe abnormal values of PJA for each level. Using level-adjusted PJA values allows a more precise assessment of abnormal proximal angles and question the definition for PJK.

Level of evidence:
Level II.
Baseline characteristics of the first 302 patients included for acute malignant hypertension crisis in the prospective multidisciplinary HAMA cohort
Authors: Boulestreau Romain , Lorthioir Aurélien , Dreau Hervé , Persu Alexandre , Cremer Antoine , Tharaux Pierre-Louis , Rubin Sébastien , Maier Benjamin , Mazighi Mikael , Seris Alice , Paques Michel , Bonnin Sophie , Halimi Jean Michel , Debeugny Stéphane , Gosse Philippe ,   for the HAMA investigators∗
Published: October 2024

Background:
Malignant hypertension has not disappeared and remains the most severe form of hypertension. More than 100 years after its description, many points remain unanswered. Mechanisms, definitions, and optimal treatment are still controversial. In 2019, we decided to launch a prospective multicentre multidisciplinary cohort in France to try to fill these gaps.

Method:
This study aimed to describe the baseline characteristics of the first 302 included patients and compared these data to already published cohorts. We included patients with severe hypertension associated with severe hypertensive retinopathy and patients filling the HYP MOD (HYPertension MultiOrgan Damage) definition from a broad range of departments (cardiology, nephrology, neurology intensive care unit, emergency department, internal medicine). We collected clinical, biological, imaging, and target organ damage data at admission, along with social and demographic data. We also recorded diagnostic and therapeutic management, adverse events during hospitalization, and characteristics at discharge.

Results:
We enrolled 302 patients in 32 months (105/year) among 40 centres and different specialties. They mainly included young men (68%, mean age 48.7 ± 14.5 years). Target organ damage involved the eye in 86.7% of patients, kidney in 58.6%, heart in 50%, brain in 32.8%, and Thrombotic Microangiopathy stigmata in 15.6%. Patients with severe retinopathy shared characteristics similar to those included in the most important cohorts already published. We also reported several additional subgroups of interest: one-third of our patients were less than 40 years old, one-third were of non-European origin, 14.3% were included through the multiorgan damage definition, without fundus severe injuries, 22.8% were treated without the use of IV therapy, 40.9% had normal or low renin level, and almost all patients were not on antihypertensive therapy at the time of the enrolment.

Conclusion:
These preliminary findings already challenge long-standing dogma, raise numerous questions, and provide a solid basis to address them in ancillary studies of the cohort.
Successful emergency renal auto-transplantation in a child with renovascular disease
Authors: Wyatt Natalie , Melhem Nabil , Booth Caroline , Newton Joanna , Karunanithy Narayan , Sallam Morad , Sinha Manish D. 
Published: October 2024

Renal artery occlusion is a rare but potentially catastrophic complication of paediatric endovascular renal artery intervention. Emergency auto-transplantation may be required to salvage the kidney; to date this has only been described in adults. We report our experience of performing emergency kidney auto-transplantation following acute renal artery thrombosis in a child undergoing redo renal artery angioplasty
A 20-month-old boy presented with refractory hypertension and hypertensive cardiomyopathy secondary to multifocal fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) with a single functioning kidney. Acute thrombosis of the renal artery during redo-endovascular balloon angioplasty necessitated emergency renal auto-transplantation. Subsequent acute kidney injury was reversible with benefit to renal function in the medium-term despite prolonged warm ischaemic time of two hours. We recommend that high-risk patients undergoing renal artery intervention do so at centres with on-site renal and vascular surgical backup.
Early wave reflection of carotid artery is associated with 18F-FDG PET hypometabolism in Alzheimer's brain areas of cognitively normal adults
Authors: Zimmermann Gaétan , Joly Laure , Schoepfer Pauline , Doyen Matthieu , Roch Veronique , Grignon Rachel , Salvi Paolo , Marie Pierre-Yves , Benetos Athanase , Verger Antoine 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Arterial stiffening likely plays a role in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. The current study investigated whether inter-individual variations in arterial stiffness and pressure wave parameters were associated with 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) metabolism in AD-associated brain areas throughout adulthood, independently of age and before the onset of any neuropsychological disorders.

Methods:
A prospective, large age-range population of 67 patients (17 young, 16 middle-aged, and 34 older adults; 37 women) underwent a: brain 18F-FDG PET, blood pressure recording, and carotid/femoral pulse wave-based measurements, including the time-to-peak of the reflected backward carotid pulse wave (bT), on the same day. Multivariable and quantitative voxel-to-voxel analyses (P-voxel < 0.005, corrected for cluster volumes) were conducted to assess associations between vascular parameters and 18F-FDG PET metabolism in AD-associated brain areas.

Results:
In the multivariable analysis, only increased age and decreased bT were independently associated with the decline of metabolic activity in AD-associated brain areas (P < 0.001). In the voxel-to-voxel analysis with age as a covariate, bT was strongly associated with the metabolic activity of 40 clusters in AD-associated brain areas (clusters cumulative volume: 63 cm3; T score max: 5.7).

Conclusion:
In a large age-range population of adult patients, who are still unaffected by neuropsychological disorders, an early reflected arterial pressure wave, as evidenced by a decreased bT value, is strongly associated with hypometabolic activity of AD-associated brain areas, independently of age.
Rotational stability of plate-haptic toric intraocular lenses implantation with a capsular tension ring: prospective randomized paired-eye study
Authors: Lin Xuanqiao , Ma Dongmei , Han Xiaoyan , Hua Zhixiang , Shen Wenqian , Qiu Xiaodi , Cai Lei , Yang Jin 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
To compare the rotational stability and visual outcomes of plate-haptic toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) with and without a capsular tension ring (CTR) in paired eyes.

Setting:
Eye and Ears, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Design:
Prospective, randomized, paired-eye study.

Methods:
Patients with bilateral cataracts and coexisting regular corneal astigmatism were enrolled. The 2 eyes of each patient were randomly assigned to the CTR or non-CTR (NCTR) group. Both eyes of each patient were subjected to phacoemulsification and toric IOL implantation. CTRs were implanted into the eyes of the CTR group. All patients were followed up for 12 months; uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), residual astigmatism (RAS), and rotational degree of the toric IOL were recorded.

Results:
186 eyes of 93 patients were eligible for analysis. At each visit, UDVA improved significantly postoperatively in all eyes (P < .001). The mean rotational degree and RAS were significantly smaller in the CTR group at the 2-week visit (P < .05). The toric IOLs achieved rotational stability at 1 week postoperatively in the CTR group while at 2 weeks postoperatively in the NCTR group. In the subgroup analyses, CTR coimplantation significantly reduced the 2-week IOL rotation in eyes meeting specific ocular measurements.

Conclusions:
CTR coimplantation could increase the rotational stability of plate-haptic toric IOLs, by reducing the amount of IOL rotation in the early postoperative period and accelerating the stabilization of IOLs in the capsular bag.
Effect of patient gender on the decision of ceiling of care: an European study of emergency physicians’ treatment decisions in simulated cases
Authors: Vromant Amélie , Alamé Karine , Cassard Clémentine , Bloom Ben , Miró Oscar , Freund Yonathan 
Published: October 2024

Background and importance
Gender bias in healthcare can significantly influence clinical decision-making, potentially leading to disparities in treatment outcomes. This study addresses the impact of patient gender on the decision-making process for establishing a ceiling of care in emergency medicine, particularly the decision to limit tracheal intubation.

Objective
To determine whether patient gender influences emergency physicians’ decisions regarding the recommendation for tracheal intubation in critically ill patients.

Design
A European survey-based study was conducted using a standardized clinical scenario to assess physicians’ decisions in a controlled setting.

Settings and participants
The survey targeted European emergency physicians over a 2-week period in April 2024. A total of 3423 physicians participated, with a median age of 40 years and a distribution of 46% women. Physicians were presented with a clinical vignette of a 75-year-old patient in acute respiratory distress. The vignettes were randomized to vary only by the patient’s gender (woman/man) and level of functional status: (1) can grocery shop alone, (2) cannot grocery shop alone but can bathe independently, or (3) cannot perform either task independently.

Outcome measures and analysis
The primary outcome was the recommendation for intubation, with secondary analyses exploring the influence of patient functional status levels. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders, including physician gender, age, experience, and practice setting.

Main Results
A total of 3423 physicians responded, mostly from France, Spain, Italy, and the UK (1,532, 494, 247, and 245 respectively). Women patients were less likely to be intubated compared to male patients [67.9% vs. 71.7%; difference 3.81%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.7–6.9%]. The likelihood of recommending intubation decreased with lower levels of patient functional status. Women physician gender was also associated with a reduced likelihood of recommending intubation.

Conclusion
This study suggests a significant gender-based disparity in emergency care decision-making, with women patients being less likely to receive recommendations for intubation. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to potential limitations in the representativity of respondents and the uncertain applicability of survey responses to real-life clinical practice.