bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mercury as an Antisyphilitic in Ayurvedic Medicine
Authors: Wujastyk Dagmar 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In the sixteenth century, a new disease appeared in India. Described for the first time in the ayurvedic classic Bhāvaprakāśa by Bhāvamiśra, it was called phiraṅgaroga, “disease of the Franks”. Given the name and what we know from contemporary reports of European observers in India, this was very likely the correlate to the so-called “French disease” or “Morbus Gallicus”, i.e., syphilis. The Bhāvaprakāśa describes the symptoms and various stages of phiraṅgaroga and presents seven different cures. Five of these prescribe the use of mercury: Three recipes for the ingestion of mercury, one recipe for using mercury as a fumigant and one in which mercury is rubbed into the patient’s hands. In this chapter, I will discuss Bhāvamiśṛa’s representation of the disease and the therapies he proposes for it. I will in particular analyze the use of mercury in the anti-phiraṅgaroga medicines, contextualising them within the history of the use of mercury in ayurvedic medicine and exploring possible links with antisyphilitic therapies in European, Persian, Arabic and Chinese medicine.
Early Persian Medical Works on Antisyphilitic Mercury Medicines
Authors: Thomann Johannes 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this chapter, I examine the use of mercury with a special focus on its application as an ingredient in antisyphilitic medicines and therapies in a selection of medieval Persian scientific texts that represent either the earliest or the most influential works of their genre. Works examined include the earliest Persian pharmacological work, written by Abū Manṣūr Muwaffaq between 965 and 975 CE, which mentions mercury as a medicine against skin diseases and “killed mercury” (zībaq-i kušta)

Since there is no generally accepted transliteration of Persian, the system of the Swiss library network IDS is used, which is based on the ISO standard. Vowels are transliterated with their premodern values ā, ī, ū, a, i, u (without considering maǧhūl vowels ē and ō); in modern pronounciation they are/a/,/i/,/u/,/a/,/e/,/o/respectively.
as a poison; a general work on medicine written by Bahāʾ ad-Dawla Rāzī in 1501–2 CE, in which syphilis is described for the first time in Asia; a chapter from the Ǧāmiʿ al-fawāʾid (c.1511 CE) by Yūsufī, the earliest Persian work in which mercury plays an unmistakenly dominant role in the treatment of syphilis; and finally, the first Persian monograph on syphilis, written by Imād al-Dīn Maḥmūd Shīrāzī in the mid-sixteenth century, which lists recipes the author claims are derived from Chinese and European sources. This article will furthermore provide the first complete translation into a European language of Yūsufi’s chapter on syphilis in the Ǧāmiʿ al-fawāʾid, together with an edition of the Persian text.
Monitoring and control of flexible transport equipment
Authors: Schleipen Miriam , Okon Michael , Henßen Robert , Hövelmeyer Thomas , Wagner Andreas , Wolff Gerhard , Demir Halit , Jentsch Matthias , Gebhardt Marco , Stoll Thomas , Asi Dennis 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Today modern production processes are monitored and controlled via process visualization systems. Engineering of these systems is done
manually and often results in high costs and a number of errors. The purpose of the research project “PCFF” is to
make a step towards “Industry 4.0” in this context and to increase flexibility of transport equipment and the corresponding
software. This paper deals with the basic concept and architecture and highlights project results.
Schaltende PI-Regler
Authors: Lunze Jan 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag betrachtet Regler, die zustandsabhängig zwischen zwei Betriebsmodi umgeschaltet werden, aus der Sicht der Theorie hybrider
dynamischer Systeme. Es wird zunächst gezeigt, dass es für das Übergangsverhalten des hier betrachteten Regelkreises zweckmäßig ist,
den I-Anteil des Reglers nur zur Kompensation von Störungen zuzuschalten. Die Analyse des Regelkreises zeigt dann, dass das
Führungsverhalten durch das Abschalten des I-Anteils wesentlich verbessert wird und dass durch die Umschaltung des Reglers die
Stabilität des Regelkreises nicht gefährdet ist. Allerdings hat der erste, aus der Literatur entnommene Regler den Mangel, dass für
große Störungen die Sollwertfolge verloren geht. Dieser Mangel kann behoben werden, wenn die Aktivierung des Reglers nicht in
Abhängigkeit von der Regelabweichung, sondern in Abhängigkeit vom Einfluss der Störung auf die Regelgröße erfolgt. Die Ergebnisse
werden am Beispiel der Geschwindigkeitsregelung eines Fahrzeugs illustriert.
Von DVD zu Video-on-Demand: Bewegte Bilder in Bibliotheken und neue Wege des Zugangs zum audiovisuellen Kulturerbe
Authors: Bohn Anna 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung:
Wissen und Information werden zunehmend audiovisuell vermittelt. Bibliotheken werden sich als Folge der medientechnologischen Entwicklung zunehmend zu hybriden Mediatheken entwickeln. Der Bestandsaufbau von AV-Medien auf Vervielfältigungsträgern muss für alle Fachbereiche durch den Online-Zugang zu AV-Inhalten ergänzt werden. Um den Zugang zu audiovisuellen Sammlungen, hoch auflösenden Formaten und digitalen audiovisuellen Inhalten per Video-on-Demand zu gewährleisten, sind umfangreiche finanzielle, infrastrukturelle und rechtliche Voraussetzungen zu schaffen. Nur so können Bibliotheken auch in Zukunft ihrer Aufgabe gerecht werden, das Kulturerbe in seiner dynamischen Vielfalt zugänglich zu machen.
Die wissenschaftliche Vernachlässigung einer Handschrift und ihre Folgen
Authors: Cristea Hans-Joachim 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung:
Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich eingehend mit der historischen Bedeutung und Entstehungsgeschichte der Petrus-Lombardus-Handschrift aus der Bibliothek des Klosters Himmerod, die zusammen mit wertvollen Frühdrucken im Herbst 2015 vom Kloster verkauft wurde. Der Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über die Literatur zum Thema und Überlegungen zu den Umständen des Verkaufs sowie seiner öffentlichen Wahrnehmung und Bewertung.
Tracking potential source areas of Central European loess:examples from Tokaj (HU), Nussloch (D) and Grub (AT)
Authors: Schatz Ann-Kathrin , Qi Yue , Siebel Wolfgang , Wu Jiade , Zöller Ludwig 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
There are several competing hypotheses for theorigin of loess in Europe but quantitative evidence is stillrare. Here, Sr-Nd isotopic and bulk elemental compositionof loess from Marine Isotope Stages 2 and 3 fromthree study regions in Central Europe – Nussloch (Germany),Grub (Austria) and Tokaj (Hungary) - are analyzed.This study aims at examining differences and similaritiesof loess deposits throughout Europe, correlating loesswith potential source rocks from major mountain rangesand comparing loess with floodplain sediments from mainrivers as integrated samples of the drainage areas. The resultsshow that European loess deposits are largely uniformand that sediment sources have been rather stablein the Southern and Eastern parts of Central Europeand more variable in West Central Europe. However, themethods used are not sufficient to unequivocally confirmand reject potential sediment sources but, in combination,help to identify the most likely sediment origins. While adirect correlation of loess and potential source rocks is dif-ficult, the comparison with floodplain sediments is mostpromising and confirms previous hypotheses. Loess fromTokaj and Grub is most likely a mix of material transportedby the Danube River and sediments from the surroundingmountains. Rhine River sediments are probably the mainsource of loess at Nussloch.
Phytolith aided paleoenvironmental studies fromthe Dutch Neolithic
Authors: Persaits Gergő , Gulyás Sándor , Náfrádi Katalin , Sümegi Pál , Szalontai Csaba 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThere is increasing evidence for crop cultivationat sites of the Neolithic Swifterbant culture fromca. 4300 B.C. onwards. Presence of cereal fields at theSwifterbant S2, S3 and S4 sites has been corroborated frommicro morphological studies of soil samples. Swifterbantsites with evidence for cultivated plants are still scarcethough and only emerging, and have produced very lownumbers of charred cereals only. The major aim of ourwork was to elucidate the environmental background ofthe Dutch Neolithic site Swifterbant S4 based on the investigationof phytolith remains retrieved from soil samples.In addition to find evidence for crop cultivation independentlyfrom other studies. Samples were taken at1 cm intervals vertically from the soil section at the centralprofile of site S4. Additional samples were taken frompocket-like structures and adjacent horizons above andbelow. Pig coprolites yielded an astonishing phytolith assemblagewhich was compared to that of the soil samples.A pig tooth also yielded evaluable material via detailed investigationusing SEM. The evaluation of phytolith assemblagesretrieved from the soil horizons plus those endingup in the droppings of pigs feasting in the area enabledto draw a relatively reliable environmental picture of thearea. All these refer to the presence of a Neolithic horticulture(cereal cultivation) under balanced micro-climaticconditions as a result of the vicinity of the nearby floodplain.These findings corroborate those of previous soilmicro-morphological studies.
Nonlinear Interactions between Gravity Waves in Water of Constant Depth
Authors: Szmidt Kazimierz , Hedzielski Benedykt 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The paper deals with interactions between water waves propagating in fluid of constant depth. In formulation of this problem, a nonlinear character of these interactions is taken into account. In particular, in order to simplify a solution to nonlinear boundary conditions at the free surface, a system of material coordinates is employed as independent variables in the description of the phenomenon. The main attention is focused on the transient solutions corresponding to fluid motion starting from rest. With respect to the initial value problem considered, we confine our attention to a finite fluid domain. For a finite elapse of time, measured from the starting point, the solution in a finite fluid area mimics a solution within an infinite domain, inherent for wave propagation problems. Because of the complicated structure of equations describing nonlinear waves, an approximate formulation is considered, which is based on a power series expansion of dependent variables with respect to a small parameter. Such a solution is assumed to be accurate in describing the main features of the phenomenon. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the approximate formulation developed in this paper.
Medical Care Before and During the Winter Paralympic Games in Turin 2006, Vancouver 2010 and Sochi 2014
Authors: Gawroński Wojciech , Sobiecka Joanna 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Medical care in disabled sports is crucial both as prophylaxis and as ongoing medical intervention. The aim of this paper was to present changes in the quality of medical care over the consecutive Paralympic Games (PG). The study encompassed 31 paralympians: Turin (11), Vancouver (12), and Sochi (8) competing in cross-country skiing, alpine skiing, biathlon and snowboarding. The first, questionnaire-based, part of the study was conducted in Poland before the PG. The athletes assessed the quality of care provided by physicians, physiologists, dieticians, and physiotherapists, as well as their cooperation with the massage therapist and the psychologist. The other part of the study concerned the athletes’ health before leaving for the PG, as well as their diseases and injuries during the PG. The quality of medical care was poor before the 2006 PG, but satisfactory before the subsequent PG. Only few athletes made use of psychological support, assessing it as poor before the 2006 PG and satisfactory before the 2010 and 2014 PG. The athletes’ health condition was good during all PG. The health status of cross-country skiers was confirmed by a medical fitness certificate before all PG, while that of alpine skiers only before the 2014 PG. There were no serious diseases; training injuries precluded two athletes from participation. The quality of medical care before the PG was poor, however, became satisfactory during the actual PG. The resulting ad hoc pattern deviates from the accepted standards in medical care in disabled sports.
Relationships Between Anaerobic Performance, Field Tests and Game Performance of Sitting Volleyball Players
Authors: Marszalek Jolanta , Molik Bartosz , Gomez Miguel Angel , Skučas Kęstutis , Lencse-Mucha Judit , Rekowski Witold , Pokvytyte Vaida , Rutkowska Izabela , Kaźmierska-Kowalewska Kalina 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between anaerobic performance, field tests, game performance and anthropometric variables of sitting volleyball players. Twenty elite Polish sitting volleyball players were tested using the 30 s Wingate Anaerobic Test for arm crank ergometer and participated in six physical field tests. Heights in position to block and to spike, as well as arm reach were measured. Players were observed during the game on the court in terms of effectiveness of the serve, block, attack, receive and defense. Pearson analysis and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used. The strongest correlations were found between the chest pass test and mean power and peak power (r=.846; p=.001 and r=.708; p=.0005, respectively), and also between the T-test and peak power (r= −.718; p=.001). Mean power correlated with the 3 m test (r= −.540; p=.014), the 5 m test (r= −.592; p=.006), and the T-test (r= −.582; p=.007). Peak power correlated with the 3 m test (r= −.632; p=.003), the 5 m test (r= −.613; p=.004), speed & agility (r= −.552; p=.012) and speed & endurance (r=−.546; p=.013). Significant correlations were observed between anthropometric parameters and anaerobic performance variables (p≤.001), and also between anthropometric parameters and field tests (p≤.05). Game performance and physical fitness of sitting volleyball players depended on their anthropometric variables: reach of arms, the position to block and to spike. The chest pass test could be used as a non-laboratory field test of anaerobic performance of sitting volleyball players.
Standards of Conditions During Preparations for the Summer Paralympic Games Between 2004 and 2012 Assessed by Polish Athletes
Authors: Sobiecka Joanna , Gawroński Wojciech , Kądziołka Marta , Kruszelnicki Paweł , Kłodecka-Różalska Jadwiga , Plinta Ryszard 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The quality of training conditions affects sporting success, injuries and health. The aim of the work was to present the conditions during the preparations of Polish athletes for the Summer Paralympic Games 2004-2012. The study encompassed 271 paralympians: Athens (91), Beijing (89) and London (91), competing in 13 disciplines. The research was based on a two-part questionnaire by Kłodecka-Różalska adjusted for disabled sports, and was conducted one month before each PG. Part 1 contained 20 closed-ended questions regarding conditions during preparations, while Part 2 concerned socio-demographic and sports-related data. Three levels of conditions: good, satisfactory and poor, were identified. The analysis showed that while the relationships between the athletes were good in all the preparatory periods, the co-operation with the paralympic coaches worsened. The standards of accommodation, food and sports facilities lowered. Personal orthopaedic supply was satisfactory in London; personal sporting equipment was good at all PG. The quality of medical care was the highest in London. The co-operation with physicians, physiotherapists and massage therapists was satisfactory. Consultations with the dietician were sporadic and assessed as poor. Psychological consultations were rare but satisfactory in Beijing and London. Contacts with the mass media were poor at all PG. Although combining private life, work, and education with sport was satisfactory, it was increasingly difficult to manage, particularly before London. The conditions during preparations for the PG 2004-2012 varied. Improvement was noticed only in the quality of medical care and personal orthopaedic supply.
Changes in Body Composition and Physical Performance in Wheelchair Basketball Players During a Competitive Season
Authors: Iturricastillo Aitor , Granados Cristina , Yanci Javier 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The present study analyzed the changes in body composition and physical performance in wheelchair basketball (WB) players during one competitive season. Players from a WB team competing in the first division of the Spanish League (n = 8, age: 26.5 ± 2.9 years, body mass: 79.8 ± 12.6 kg, sitting height: 91.4 ± 4.4 cm) participated in this research. The upper limbs showed a decrease in subcutaneous adipose tissue and there was an improvement in physical abilities such as sprinting with the ball (5 and 20 m), handgrip and aerobic capacity. However, the changes in physical fitness concerning sprinting without the ball and agility tests were low. It would be interesting to study the effects of implementing specific programs to improve physical performance in WB and to establish more test sessions to monitor the effects of the programs followed.
Adsorption and Desorption Studies of Anthocyanins from Black Peanut Skins on Macroporous Resins
Authors: Zhao Zhenlei , Wu Min , Jiang Qi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chang Xiulian , Zhan Kanghua 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Adsorption of black peanut skin anthocyanins, a natural pigment, onto various macroporous resins was optimized to develop a potential approach for large-scale production of black peanut skin anthocyanins. Seven different macroporous resins (AB-8, SP-207, LS-305A, HP-20, LS-305, DM-21 and LS-610B) were evaluated for the adsorption properties of the anthocyanins extracted from the black peanut skins of Arachis hypogaea L. The adsorption experiment proved that compared to AB-8, SP-207 and LS-305A, four resins, i.e., LS-610B, DM-21, LS-305 and HP-20 have relatively higher capacity of adsorbing black peanut skin anthocyanins from the aqueous solution, which are verified by the related adsorption experiments. The adsorption isotherm data was successfully described by Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order rate model simulates the kinetic process well. Column adsorption and desorption tests further proved DM-21 is a promising adsorbent for field applications to recover black peanut skin anthocyanins from aqueous solution. The overall yield of pigment product was 14% based on dried black peanut skin, and anthocyanins purity is at about 5.7% in the pigment product.
Softwarization of carrier networks
Authors: Kind Mario , Szabó Róbert , Meirosu Catalin , Westphal Fritz-Joachim 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Carrier networks are faced with continuous transformations of their technology platforms in order to keep up with the changing customer demands. This paper will show how the transition from stovepipe networks to layered architectures enabled the shift to a future network design based on a network operation system (NetOS) operating the ICT fabric containing merely any kind of resources. Basic, underlying concepts are presented and detailed how they will be integrated in this environment. Software components and related development and management processes are becoming an integrated part of this future carrier environment, representing a softwarization of carrier networks. Key technology enablers are Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualisation as well as general availability of compute, storage and networking resources.
Existing “Network as a Service” approach benefit from this improvements with virtualization, control plane flexibility and adoption of Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) feature to the latest developments. But carrier services will need additional improvements, resulting in the the presented paradigm of “Generic Resources as a Service”. This novel concept will fulfill most demands for flexible service composition, multi-provider and -domain support, automated deployment and operation.
A characterisation of ideal weighted secret sharing schemes
Authors: Hameed Ali , Slinko Arkadii 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Beimel, Tassa and Weinreb
[SIAM J. Discrete Math. 22 (2008), 360–397]
and Farràs and Padró
[Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. 5978, Springer, 2010, 219–236]
partially characterised access structures of ideal weighted secret sharing schemes in terms of the operation of composition. They proved that any weighted ideal access structure is a composition of indecomposable ones. Farràs and Padró gave a list of seven classes of access structures – one unipartite, three bipartite and three tripartite – to which all weighted ideal indecomposable access structures may belong. In this paper we determine exactly which access structures from those classes are indecomposable. We also determine which compositions of indecomposable weighted access structures are again weighted and obtain an
if-and-only-if characterisation of ideal weighted secret sharing schemes. We use game-theoretic techniques to achieve this.
Analysis And Assessment Of The Security Method Against Incidental Contamination In The Collective Water Supply System
Authors: Szpak Dawid , Tchórzewska – Cieślak Barbara 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the main types of surface water incidental contaminations and the security method against incidental contamination in water sources. Analysis and assessment the collective water supply system (CWSS) protection against incidental contamination was conducted. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was used. The FMEA method allow to use the product or process analysis, identification of weak points, and implementation the corrections and new solutions for eliminating the source of undesirable events. The developed methodology was shown in application case. It was found that the risk of water contamination in water-pipe network of the analyzed CWSS caused by water source incidental contamination is at controlled level.
Aspect Of Reliability In Airport Business Continuity Management
Authors: Kozłowski Michał 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the issue of ensuring the continuity of the operation at the airport. Requirements and objectives relating to business continuity management have been defined in accordance with ISO 22301 international standard. Conducted a study of reliability issues operation of the airport. Defined the function of the reliability and operational readiness of the airport. Presented the concept of using function of operational readiness in the risk assessment for the continuity of the airport.
Reliability Of Routing Protocols
Authors: Polak Rafał , Laskowski Dariusz 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The article refers to the impact of damage and dynamic variables on operation of routing protocols and consequently to the whole network. On this purpose, there was introduced the characteristic of the routing protocols and both an internal and an exterior gateway. Then, it was built the network architecture based on the TCP / IP stack. In the stack, there were created three autonomous systems and one of them was the backbone of the network. What is more, reliability tests, which have been performed, consisted of a resistance to physical damage to the network and dynamically changing parameters of the network as well as performance tests.