bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Counselors’ Perception of the Effect on Practice of Laws Restricting Abortion
Authors: Cooney Caitlin , Hercher Laura , Bajaj Komal 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn 2013, twenty‐two states enacted seventy provisions restricting access to abortion. The legislation restricted access to abortions by instituting more regulations on providers and facilities, by prohibiting abortion prior to viability, by restricting funding available to patients and by requiring patients to wait a mandatory time period before having a procedure. Genetic counselors are trained to provide unbiased, comprehensive information in a non‐directive style in order to allow patients to exercise their reproductive freedom. We developed a survey of 37 questions for genetic counselors to gauge the potential impact these provisions will have on their ability to be a patient advocate. A total of 286 individuals completed the survey; however, not all respondents answered all questions. Qualitative questions complemented quantitative survey entries, allowing respondents to input thoughts and examples. Results indicate genetic counselors in all regions share similar professional opinions about the provisions. More genetic counselors in the South and Midwest noticed changes impacting patients since the provisions have been enacted. These regional differences correlate with the location of states that have seem the greatest increase in antiabortion provisions.
Waste Cooking Oil‐Based Novel Gemini Imidazolinium Surfactants With Carbonate Linkage: Green Synthesis, Characterization and Properties Evaluation
Authors: Tripathy Divya Bajpai , Mishra Anuradha 
Published: March 2017

AbstractImidazolinium surfactants belong to the category of cationic surfactants that have already gained the great interest of researchers due to their varied range of commercial applications. With the advancement in the field of surfactants research, imidazolinium surfactants are being converted into their corresponding gemini surfactants. Gemini surfactants are known to have exceptional self‐assembling characteristics and exclusive interfacial activity that include much lower CMC and better ability to reduce surface tension than their conventional monomeric counterparts. Long reaction time associated with conventional thermal synthetic procedures and high production costs are the two major issues involved in the synthesis of gemini surfactants. The present research work involves the microwave synthesis of novel gemini imidazolinium surfactants with carbonate linkage. In order to synthesize cost effective gemini surfactants, waste cooking oils have been used as raw materials. Structural characterization of synthesized gemini surfactants has been achieved through 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and FT‐IR.
Association between the eruption of the third molar and caries and periodontitis distal to the second molars in elderly patients
Authors: Chou Yu‐Hsiang , Ho Pei‐Shan , Ho Kun‐Yen , Wang Wen‐Chen , Hu Kai‐Fang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to verify whether caries and periodontal diseases, when present on the distal surface of the second molars (M2s), are associated with the eruption of the third molars (M3s). In this split‐mouth study, we evaluated 70 elderly patients with unilateral maxillary or mandibular M3s who presented to the outpatient clinics of two hospitals. Patients underwent comprehensive oral examinations and radiographical measurements, and we assessed the outcomes of periodontal disease and caries. Periodontal measurements included plaque index, bleeding on probing, and periodontal probing pocket depth (PD). Moreover, caries were assessed through visual–tactile examination and radiography. We performed the χ2 test to determine factors associated with M3 and non‐M3 outcomes. Eighty‐one unilateral erupted M3s were observed in the study patients. Both the distobuccal region (p < 0.0001) and the distolingual region (p = 0.006) had a higher PD on the nonextraction side than the extraction side, and the caries rate was significantly higher on the nonextraction side than on the extraction side (p <0.0001 on M2 with caries and p = 0.003 on M2 with distal caries). M3 eruption, at the same or different occlusal plane levels of M2, is a risk factor for periodontal diseases and caries in M2s in elderly patients. M3s may continue to negatively impact dental health well into later life.
International recognition of the Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire 12
Authors: Kosyakov S I , Minavnina J V , Phillips J S , Yung M W 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjective:The Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire 12 was developed initially in the UK to assess patient-reported health-related quality of life associated with chronic otitis media. This study aimed to determine whether this tool is applicable to the Russian population, which has a materially different healthcare system.Method:A total of 108 patients with different forms of chronic otitis media completed the Russian Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire 12.Results:The average Russian Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire 12 score was 19.4 (standard deviation = 8.3). The internal consistency of the Russian Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire 12 was high, with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.860.Conclusion:The Russian version of the Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire 12 was found to be a reliable tool for the assessment of health-related quality of life in patients with chronic otitis media. This sets the scene for international collaboration, using this tool to assess the effectiveness of surgical treatments even amongst countries with different healthcare systems.
ADHD patients fail to maintain task goals in face of subliminally and consciously induced cognitive conflicts
Authors: Gohil K. , Bluschke A. , Roessner V. , Stock A.-K. , Beste C. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients have been reported to display deficits in action control processes. While it is known that subliminally and consciously induced conflicts interact and conjointly modulate action control in healthy subjects, this has never been investigated for ADHD.MethodWe investigated the (potential) interaction of subliminally and consciously triggered response conflicts in children with ADHD and matched healthy controls using neuropsychological methods (event-related potentials; ERPs) to identify the involved cognitive sub-processes.ResultsUnlike healthy controls, ADHD patients showed no interaction of subliminally and consciously triggered response conflicts. Instead, they only showed additive effects as their behavioural performance (accuracy) was equally impaired by each conflict and they showed no signs of task-goal shielding even in cases of low conflict load. Of note, this difference between ADHD and controls was not rooted in early bottom-up attentional stimulus processing as reflected by the P1 and N1 ERPs. Instead, ADHD showed either no or reversed modulations of conflict-related processes and response selection as reflected by the N2 and P3 ERPs.ConclusionThere are fundamental differences in the architecture of cognitive control which might be of use for future diagnostic procedures. Unlike healthy controls, ADHD patients do not seem to be endowed with a threshold which allows them to maintain high behavioural performance in the face of low conflict load. ADHD patients seem to lack sufficient top-down attentional resources to maintain correct response selection in the face of conflicts by shielding the response selection process from response tendencies evoked by any kind of distractor.
RESPONSE TIME VARIABILITY SIGNATURES OF NOVEL WORD LEARNING
Authors: Solovyeva Katya , DeKeyser Robert 
Published: March 2017

AbstractResponse time variability and its changes over time have been interpreted as indicative of levels of knowledge automatization. Predominantly, only declines in variability have been examined over the course of practice and growing second language proficiency. We discuss possible scenarios that may involve increasing, rather than declining variability, such as the establishment of new memory representations. We present repeated-measures lexical decision data on novel words encountered incidentally in a lexical decision task, which show increased variability as familiarity increases. Similar patterns were observed in our reanalyses of data from other novel word learning experiments with task demands different from ours: auditory presentation and a posttest after seven days (Brown & Gaskell, 2014), as well as picture-matching and production tests (Bartolotti & Marian, 2014). Jointly, these results suggest that when no prior representation of a word exists, increased variability may index learning during its initial stages.
Absence, Presence, Indexicality: TheMise en Scèneof ‘the Heart of Neolithic Orkney’
Authors: MARSHALL JONATHAN W. 
Published: March 2017

I sketch those characteristics of themise en scèneat the Ring of Brodgar stone circle and associated sites that might solicit within the visitor something like a dynamic performance. Drawing on surrealism, Robert Smithson and archaeology, I argue that themise en scèneat Brodgar – and the visitor's response to it – is characterized by a sense of presence which exists in a dialectical tension with the perception of that which is absent. Brodgar is indexical (like a photograph) and hauntological, in semiotic terms. The Neolithic site is, at some level, unknowable. The visitor becomes aware of coincident yet incompatible manifestations of time and space (heterochronia) and imagines the potential return of unknown, cryptic ritual performances (metatheatre). This solicits within the viewer something akin to Max Ernst's model of frottage. As Breton put it, ‘The imaginary . . . tends to become real’.
High sedimentary oxygen consumption indicates that sewage input from small islands drives benthic community shifts on overfished reefs – ERRATUM
Authors: FORD AMANDA K. , VAN HOYTEMA NANNE , MOORE BRADLEY R. , PANDIHAU LINA , WILD CHRISTIAN , FERSE SEBASTIAN C. A. 
Published: March 2017

In the article above there is a spelling mistake in the Figure 3 legend. Largge should be Large. The correct Figure 3 legend is shown below:-Figure 3 Biomass values of herbivorous fish functional groups – browsers, grazers and detritivores, and scrapers and small excavators – for each island. Large excavators and bioeroders were not observed, and thus are not included in the graph.Page 5, right column in the ‘Ecological perspective and management implications section’, in the second paragraph the third sentence should read . . .One potential management tool that considers these needs and limitations is the installation of composting toilets, after due consideration of local cultural sensitivities. . .The publisher apologises for these errors.
Fungal endocarditis in paediatrics: a review of 192 cases (1971–2016)
Authors: Ganesan Vithiya , Ponnusamy Shunmuga Sundaram , Sundaramurthy Raja 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of this article were to review the published literature on fungal endocarditis in children and to discuss the aetiology and diagnosis, with emphasis on non-invasive methods and various treatment regimes.MethodsWe systematically reviewed published cases and case series of fungal endocarditis in children. We searched the literature, including PubMed and individual references for publications of original articles, single cases, or case series of paediatric fungal endocarditis, with the following keywords: “fungal endocarditis”, “neonates”, “infants”, “child”, and “cardiac vegetation”.ResultsThere have been 192 documented cases of fungal endocarditis in paediatrics. The highest number of cases was reported in infants (93/192, 48%) including 60 in neonates. Of the neonatal cases, 57 were premature with a median gestational age of 27 weeks and median birth weight of 860 g. Overall, 120 yeast – fungus that grows as a single cell – infections and 43 mould – fungus that grows in multicellular filaments, hyphae – infections were reported. With increasing age, there was an increased infection rate with moulds. All the yeast infections were detected by blood culture. In cases with mould infection, diagnosis was mainly established by culture or histology of emboli or infected valves after invasive surgical procedures. There have been a few recent cases of successful early diagnosis by non-invasive methods such as blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for moulds. The overall mortality for paediatric fungal endocarditis was 56.25%. The most important cause of death was cardiac complications due to heart failure. Among the various treatment regimens used, none of them was significantly associated with better outcome.ConclusionsNon-invasive methods such as PCR tests can be used to improve the chances of detecting and identifying the aetiological agent in a timely manner. Delays in the diagnosis of these infections may result in high mortality and morbidity. No significant difference was noted between combined surgical and medical therapy over exclusively combined medical therapy.
Use of a Novel, Portable, LED-Based Capillary Refill Time Simulator within a Disaster Triage Context
Authors: Chang Todd P. , Santillanes Genevieve , Claudius Ilene , Pham Phung K. , Koved James , Cheyne John , Gausche-Hill Marianne , Kaji Amy H. , Srinivasan Saranya , Donofrio J. Joelle , Bir Cynthia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionA simple, portable capillary refill time (CRT) simulator is not commercially available. This device would be useful in mass-casualty simulations with multiple volunteers or mannequins depicting a variety of clinical findings and CRTs. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a prototype CRT simulator in a disaster simulation context.MethodsA CRT prototype simulator was developed by embedding a pressure-sensitive piezo crystal, and a single red light-emitting diode (LED) light was embedded, within a flesh-toned resin. The LED light was programmed to turn white proportionate to the pressure applied, and gradually to return to red on release. The time to color return was adjustable with an external dial. The prototype was tested for feasibility among two cohorts: emergency medicine physicians in a tabletop exercise and second year medical students within an actual disaster triage drill. The realism of the simulator was compared to video-based CRT, and participants used a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ranging from “completely artificial” to “as if on a real patient.” The VAS evaluated both the visual realism and the functional (eg, tactile) realism. Accuracy of CRT was evaluated only by the physician cohort. Data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric statistics, and mean Cohen’s Kappas were used to describe inter-rater reliability.ResultsThe CRT simulator was generally well received by the participants. The simulator was perceived to have slightly higher functional realism (P=.06, P=.01) but lower visual realism (P=.002, P=.11) than the video-based CRT. Emergency medicine physicians had higher accuracy on portrayed CRT on the simulator than the videos (92.6% versus 71.1%; P<.001). Inter-rater reliability was higher for the simulator (0.78 versus 0.27; P<.001).ConclusionsA simple, LED-based CRT simulator was well received in both settings. Prior to widespread use for disaster triage training, validation on participants’ ability to accurately triage disaster victims using CRT simulators and video-based CRT simulations should be performed.ChangTP,SantillanesG,ClaudiusI,PhamPK,KovedJ,CheyneJ,Gausche-HillM,KajiAH,SrinivasanS,DonofrioJJ,BirC.Use of a novel, portable, LED-based capillary refill time simulator within a disaster triage context.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(4):451–456.
Toward a Better Nutritional Aiding in Disasters: Relying on Lessons Learned during the Bam Earthquake
Authors: Nekouie Moghadam Mahmoud , Amiresmaieli Mohammadreza , Hassibi Mohammad , Doostan Farideh , Khosravi Sajad 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionExamining various problems in the aftermath of disasters is very important to the disaster victims. Managing and coordinating food supply and its distribution among the victims is one of the most important problems after an earthquake. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to recognize problems and experiences in the field of nutritional aiding during an earthquake.MethodsThis qualitative study was of phenomenological type. Using the purposive sampling method, 10 people who had experienced nutritional aiding during the Bam Earthquake (Iran; 2003) were interviewed. Colaizzi’s method of analysis was used to analyze interview data.ResultsThe findings of this study identified four main categories and 19 sub-categories concerning challenges in the nutritional aiding during the Bam Earthquake. The main topics included managerial, aiding, infrastructural, and administrative problems.ConclusionsThe major problems in nutritional aiding include lack of prediction and development of a specific program of suitable nutritional pattern and nutritional assessment of the victims in critical conditions. Forming specialized teams, educating team members about nutrition, and making use of experts’ knowledge are the most important steps to resolve these problems in the critical conditions; these measures are the duties of the relevant authorities.Nekouie MoghadamM,AmiresmaieliM,HassibiM,DoostanF,KhosraviS.Toward a better nutritional aiding in disasters: relying on lessons learned during the Bam Earthquake.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(4):382–386.
Academic Outcomes in Individuals With Childhood-Onset Epilepsy: Mediating Effects of Working Memory
Authors: Danguecan Ashley N. , Smith Mary Lou 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectives:Academic difficulties are common in children with epilepsy, although little is known about the effect of various seizure-related and cognitive variables. Given that persistent seizures may negatively impact academics, and that working memory is predictive of academic abilities, we examined the effects of recent seizures and working memory on word reading, spelling, and arithmetic in pediatric epilepsy. We hypothesized that persistent seizures would be associated with lower working memory ability, which would in turn result in poorer academic performance.Methods:Our sample consisted of 91 children with epilepsy being treated at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, who underwent neuropsychological testing between 2002 and 2009 to help determine surgical candidacy. Four to 11 years later, follow-up testing was conducted on both surgical (n=61) and non-surgical (n=30) patients. Seizure status was defined by the presence or absence of seizures within the preceding 12 months.Results:5000 bias-corrected bootstrap resamples with replacement were used to calculate the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the indirect effect of seizure status on academics through working memory, controlling for baseline academic functioning. Persistent seizures were associated with reduced working memory, which was in turn associated with lower reading (B=−4.64, 95% CI [−10.21, −1.30]), spelling (B=−7.09, 95% CI [−13.97, −2.56], and arithmetic scores (B=−8.04, 95% CI [−13.66, −3.58] at follow-up.Conclusions:For children with intractable epilepsy, working memory deficits present a significant barrier to the development of academic skills. Working memory interventions may be a helpful adjunct to academic remediation in this population to facilitate academic progress. (JINS, 2017,23, 594–604)
Depletion of the global carbon budget: a user cost approach
Authors: Barbier Edward B. , Burgess Joanne C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Fifth IPCC Assessment Report estimates the world's ‘carbon budget’, which is the cumulative amount of anthropogenic CO2emissions limiting global warming below 2°C. We model this carbon budget as a resource asset depleted by annual GHG emissions, and estimate the user cost associated with depletion. For constant emissions, social welfare increases US$3.3 trillion (6 per cent of global GDP) over the business as usual scenario of growing emissions, and the carbon budget's lifetime increases from 18 to 21 years. For declining emissions, the gain is US$10.4 trillion (19 per cent of global GDP), and the budget's lifetime is 30 years. Extending indefinitely the lifetime of the carbon budget would require emissions to fall exponentially by 4.8 per cent or more. Although the Paris Agreement abatement pledges will generate social gains of US$2–2.5 trillion (4–5 per cent of world GDP), they are insufficient to prevent depletion of the 2°C global carbon budget by 2030.
The association between Dietary Inflammatory Index scores and the prevalence of colorectal adenoma
Authors: Haslam Alyson , Wagner Robb Sara , Hébert James R , Huang Hanwen , Wirth Michael D , Shivappa Nitin , Ebell Mark H 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)TM, which was developed to characterize the inflammatory potential of a person’s diet, has been shown to be associated with inflammatory conditions such as cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the association between DII scores and colorectal adenoma (CRA), a pre-cancerous condition.DesignResponses to baseline dietary questionnaires were used calculate DII scores. In a cross-sectional study design, the association between DII scores and CRA prevalence was determined in men and women separately using logistic regression models.SettingTen cancer screening centres across the USA.SubjectsParticipants were those included in the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.ResultsAmong the 44 278 individuals included in these analyses, men with diets in the most inflammatory quartile of DII scores had higher odds of all types of CRA (advanced, non-advanced and multiple (>1)) compared with those with diets in the least inflammatory quartile of DII scores. In fully adjusted models, compared with those with DII scores in quartile 1 (least inflammatory), males with DII scores in quartile 3 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1·28; 95 % CI 1·12, 1·47) and quartile 4 (aOR=1·41; 95 % CI 1·23, 1·62) were more likely to have prevalent distal CRA. Higher DII scores, representing a more inflammatory diet, also were weakly associated with a higher prevalence of CRA in women.ConclusionsImplementing an anti-inflammatory diet may be an effective means of primary prevention of CRA, especially in men.
New Methods of Morphometric Analyses on Scyphozoan Jellyfish Statoliths Including the first Direct Evidence for Statolith Growth Using Calcein as a Fluorescent Marker
Authors: Sötje Ilka , Dishon Tamar , Hoffmann Frank , Holst Sabine 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStatoliths are the only hard structures in the gelatinous bell of most scyphozoan medusae and investigations on these structures could promote investigations of the understudied population dynamics and phylogeny of jellyfish. We examined the statoliths ofAurelia auritajellyfish of different ages by light microscopic and microtomographic measurements supplemented by scanning electron microscopy. The morphometric analyses confirmed that statolith numbers and sizes increase during jellyfish development and revealed that newly-formed statoliths had similar shapes that may change during statolith growth. Nevertheless, most statoliths had a typical compact rod shape with an aspect ratio of 1–2.5 at all ages and we suggest that the composition of statolith shapes may be taxa specific. We developed a new approach allowing exact measurements of statolith growth for the first time. The application of calcein as a fluorescent marker resulted in clear fluorescent lines within the statoliths, allowing calculations of the statolith side face growth increments (0.1µm/day;n=252). A single-crystal analysis revealed that the calcein incubation did not affect the statolith crystal structure. In conclusion, calcein labeling is an excellent method to follow the growth of bassanite statoliths.