bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral haemodynamics and intracranial pressure during haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation with total endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in an animal model
Authors: Bader Sam Er , Brorsson C. , Löfgren N. , Löfgren F. , Blind P-J. , Sundström N. , Öman M. , Olivecrona M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess changes of cerebral haemodynamic and intracranial pressure (ICP) in animals, with or without elevated ICP, during controlled haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation with Total REBOA (tREBOA).

Method
In 22 anaesthetized and normoventilated pigs, after placement of catheters for monitoring invasive proximal blood pressure (pMAP), ICP, and vital parameters, and 60 min stabilisation phase, a controlled haemorrhagic shock (HS), was conducted. In 11 pigs (EICPG), an elevated ICP of 25–30 mmHg at the end HS was achieved by simulating an epidural mass. In 11 pigs (NICPG), the ICP was normal. tREBOA was then applied for 120 min. The changes of pMAP and ICP were followed, and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) calculated. The integrity of the autoregulation was estimated using a calculated Modified-Long Pressure Reactivity Index (mL-PRx).

Results
After stabilisation, hemodynamics and physiological parameters were similar and normal in both groups. At the end of the HS, ICP was 16 mmHg in NICPG vs. 32 in EICPG (p = 0.0010). CPP was 30 mmHg in NICPG vs. 6 mmHg in EICPG (p = 0.0254). After aorta occlusion CPP increased immediately in both groups reaching after 15 min up to104 mmHg in NICPG vs. 126 mmHg in EICPG. Cerebrovascular reactivity seems to be altered during bleeding and occlusion phases in both groups with positive mL-PRx. The alteration was more pronounced in EICPG, but reversible in both groups.

Conclusion
tREBOA is lifesaving by restoration the cerebral circulation defined as CPP in animals with HS with normal or elevated ICP. Despite the observation of short episodes of cerebral autoregulation impairment during the occlusion, mainly in EICPG, tREBOA seems to be an effective tool for improving cerebral perfusion in HS that extends the crucial early window sometimes known as the “golden hour” for resuscitation even after a traumatic brain injury.
Crypto airdrops: An evolutionary approach
Authors: Allen Darcy W. E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Airdrops are a mechanism by which blockchain-based projects distribute digital tokens to users at zero cost. Billions of dollars of tokens have been airdropped for reasons such as marketing and decentralisation. The distribution criteria that projects have designed (e.g. previous user activity on the platform) have become more complex as different types of users adapt to receive a larger airdrop. This paper argues that coevolutionary theory can help us to understand the unique phenomenon of airdrop design, where participants (projects and users) strategically adapt over time and across different blockchain ecosystems. Nine airdrop case studies show an expanding set of innovative airdrop strategies (e.g. airdrops requiring additional activities to claim). The evolutionary analysis also implies changes in airdrop design (e.g. multi-round airdrops to facilitate learning) and further strategic innovation. Ultimately, this paper offers a new platform to apply the tools of evolutionary economics, exploring a unique process of innovation and evolution.
Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis in neuroradiology – behavior and evolution of vertebral and mandibular lesions on imaging
Authors: Silva José Sá , Bettencourt Sofia , Madureira Inês , Conde Marta , Conceição Carla 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare non-infectious inflammatory musculoskeletal disease where imaging plays a key diagnostic role. Vertebral and mandibular lesions are frequent manifestations, meaning their awareness is crucial for the neuroradiologist to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.

Objective
Characterize vertebral and mandibular CNO lesions on imaging to assist practicing neuroradiologists in better identifying this disease.

Materials and methods
Retrospective review of all CNO patients of our pediatric center, including only patients with vertebral or mandibular lesions. All imaging exams were analyzed to record lesion characteristics.

Results
We included 13 patients (six male). The mean age of onset was 12.3 years. Ten patients had only vertebral lesions, two had only mandibular lesions, and one had both. For patients with vertebral lesions, the median number of levels affected was three, 81.8% had multiple levels affected, 90.0% had dorsal spine lesions, 72.7% had platyspondyly, and 81.8% had inflammatory changes. All vertebral lesions had at least partial resolution of inflammatory findings, the mean time of lesion activity was 2.5 years, and recurrence occurred in 27.3%. Three patients had sacral lesions, all with sacroiliitis. In patients with mandibular lesions, all had unilateral lesions involving the mandibular ramus, all had hyperostosis, periosteal reaction, bone edema, and soft tissue inflammation, all had partial resolution on follow-up, and one had recurrence.

Conclusion
CNO vertebral lesions are not rare, are often multiple, predominantly affect dorsal levels, and most result in vertebral height loss. Resolution of vertebral inflammatory lesions is frequent, but so is recurrence. Sacral lesions may be present and result in sacroiliitis. The mandible may be a site of unifocal disease, typically affecting the ramus, with prominent bony changes and soft tissue inflammation.

Graphical Abstract
The Long-Term Consequences of Family Violence Victimization: An Umbrella Review of Longitudinal Meta-Analyses on Child Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Burghart Matthias , Backhaus Sophia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Child maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV) can have far-reaching adverse consequences to psychological and physical health. While multiple evidence syntheses support this, they are typically limited by a narrow outcome focus, rely on cross-sectional studies, and lack true clinical impact estimates.

Method
We conducted a preregistered umbrella review of meta-analyses only including prospective and longitudinal studies examining the long-term consequences of CM and IPV. We also critically appraised the included meta-analyses on their methodological quality and assessed the quality of evidence for each outcome. We calculated ORs by family victimization type and outcome, and population attributable fractions (PAFs) to estimate the true clinical impact of violence.

Results
Our search yielded 18 meta-analyses, covering over 150 primary studies and more than 3 million individuals. The follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 17 years, with a median of 5 years. CM and IPV were significantly linked to 16 out of 19 adverse psychiatric, psychosocial, and physical health outcomes. While the methodological quality was moderate to high, the quality of evidence was generally lower. PAFs indicated that up to a quarter of cases of some psychiatric disorders can be attributed to family violence victimization.

Conclusions
Family violence victimization is clearly linked to a multitude of long-term psychiatric and physical health consequences, and therefore requires action by researchers, policymakers, and practitioners. Recommendations, such as investments into global research and prevention efforts, are provided.
Transforming chaotic and stiff systems to improve numerical accuracy
Authors: Scheffel Jan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSystems of differential equations can exhibit chaotic or stiff behavior under specific conditions, posing challenges for time-stepping numerical methods. For explicit methods, the required time step resolution significantly exceeds the resolution associated with the smoothness of the exact solution for specified accuracy. In order to improve efficiency, the question arises whether transformation to asymptotically stable solutions can be performed, for which neighbouring solutions converge towards each other at a controlled rate. Employing the concept of local Lyapunov exponents, it is shown that chaotic differential equations can indeed be transformed to obtain high accuracy, whereas stiff equations cannot. For instance, the accuracy of explicit fourth order Runge–Kutta solution of the Lorenz chaotic equations can be increased by several orders of magnitude. Alternatively, the time step can be significantly extended with retained accuracy. The transform method applies broadly to chaotic systems, including weather prediction and turbulence.
Towards a Better Uncertainty Quantification in Automated Valuation Models
Authors: Pollestad Arne Johan , Næss Arild Brandrud , Oust Are 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a novel framework for quantifying prediction uncertainty in automated valuation models (AVMs), crucial tools in modern real estate finance. While non-linear AVMs excel in predictive performance, their limited methods for assessing prediction uncertainty reduces reliability and practical utility. We address this gap by proposing an approach for quantifying the uncertainty associated with predicted house prices and by introducing a model-specific AVM uncertainty estimate (AVMU) for AVM comparisons. Using a dataset of 51,747 historical apartment transactions in Oslo, Norway, we train three AVMs (XGBoost, random forest, support vector machine) to predict sales prices. Thereafter, we develop three base uncertainty estimators (direct loss estimation, bootstrap ensemble, quantile regression) and three meta estimators (average regressor, voting regressor, stacked generalization) for uncertainty quantification. Conformal calibration aligns the outputted uncertainty estimates from the six estimators with standard deviations of corresponding prediction errors. Having strong positive correlations with observed absolute prediction errors, the calibrated uncertainty estimators are shown to effectively capture prediction uncertainty. While the direct loss estimation excels among base estimators, the voting regressor and stacked generalization meta estimators consistently outperform it. Furthermore, by using the AVMU estimate from the stacked generalization meta estimator we can successfully identify the best-performing AVM for three separate apartment portfolios without knowing true sales prices. This alignment of the mean estimated prediction uncertainty with observed deviations underlines the utility of pre-factual AVMU estimates for model comparisons. In conclusion, our framework helps bridge prediction accuracy and uncertainty for AVMs, enhancing their reliability and supporting informed decision making for stakeholders.
DAP-CBR: enhancing Bitcoin block propagation efficiency using dynamic compact block relay’s prefilling of transactions
Authors: Chin Zi Hau , Baskaran Vishnu Monn , Tan Chee Keong , Tan Ian K. T. , Yap Timothy T. V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examines the potential of BIP-152’s Compact Block Relay (CBR) to enhance the Bitcoin network. This work explores the block propagation efficiency through dynamic prefilling of transactions. In addition, an enhanced CBR model is proposed to reduce superfluous transaction requests, thus improving the block distribution process. The analysis considers the impact of the dynamically prefilled transactions on Bitcoin network scalability, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of this approach. We also conduct a comparative study of fixed-size and dynamically sized prefilled transactions to highlight the importance of adapting to network demands. Prefilling a fixed number of transactions without considering demand can cause inefficiencies and strain the network with unnecessary bandwidth use. Indiscriminate prefilling exacerbates these issues by inflating data packets unnecessarily, increasing latency and reducing network responsiveness. Our research indicates that the proposed solution can significantly reduce the number of round-trips between network nodes by an average of 29.77% and block reconstruction latency by 39.10% when compared with the CBR.
Stellenwechsel im Berufsverlauf – Konsequenzen für die Personalbindung in Kindertageseinrichtungen
Authors: Fuchs-Rechlin Kirsten , Nachtigall Clarissa 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungTrotz kontinuierlichen Anstiegs der Beschäftigten in Kindertageseinrichtungen ist die Personalnot derzeit groß. Dies geht mit erheblichen Belastungen des Personals einher. In der Vergangenheit wurde bei der Fachkräftegewinnung vor allem auf den Ausbau der Fachschulen für Sozialpädagogik gesetzt. Zunehmend rückt jedoch die Erkenntnis in den Blick, dass zur Fachkräftesicherung auch die Bindung des Bestandspersonals gehört, denn Stellenwechsel im Arbeitsfeld führen nicht nur zu Know-how-Verlusten, sondern erfordern auch ständige Rekrutierungs- und Einarbeitungsprozesse. In diesem Beitrag wird auf der Basis qualitativer Daten untersucht, welche Einflussgrößen es für Stellenwechsel gibt und welche Berufsverläufe sich aus der Chronologie der Stellenwechsel rekonstruieren lassen. In theoretischer Hinsicht werden Stellenwechsel als Übergänge im Berufsverlauf verstanden, die sich als (An‑)Passungsprozesse zwischen Person und Umwelt interpretieren lassen. Es kristallisierten sich fünf Laufbahntypen heraus. Die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Analyse werden abschließend im Hinblick auf deren Potenziale für die Personalbindung als Strategie der Fachkräftesicherung diskutiert.
Evaluation of the Properties and Compositions of Blended Bio-jet Fuels Derived from Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil made from Wood According to Aging Test
Authors: Jeon Hwayeon , Youn Jumin , Park Jo Yong , Yim Eui-Soon , Ha Jeong-Myeong , Park Young-Kwon , Lee Jae Woo , Kim Jae-Kon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aviation industry has set ambitious goals for reducing carbon emissions, with the International Civil Aviation Organization targeting net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Bio-jet fuel is expected to play a crucial role in achieving this target, and the demand for bio-jet fuel is projected to rapidly increase. Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of lignin, such as waste wood, is considered a promising alternative for production of bio-jet fuel through processes such as hydrodeoxygenation. In this study, the physical properties and compositions of bio-jet fuel produced from wood-derived pyrolysis bio-oil blended with petroleum-based jet fuel as well as their changes during 16 weeks storage were investigated. Consistently, 0%, 10%, 50%, and 100% blended bio-jet fuels were prepared. After 16 weeks of aging, the total acid number of the all-blended bio-jet fuel showed a sharp increase from 12 weeks, reaching over 0.1 mg KOH/g. Additionally, kinematic viscosity showed a steady increase over 16 weeks whereas oxidative stability decreased by approximately 20% at 16 weeks for the 100% bio-jet fuel alone. The final boiling point increased by up to 20% in higher blends of bio-jet fuel and the average molecular weight increased. Bio-jet fuel has a high olefin content, which can further increase during storage, leading to a decrease in the combustion characteristics. This study suggests that using up to 10% the bio-jet fuel in aircraft is safe considering storage stability, but further research is required to confirm this finding.
Continuous Blood Pressure Indices During the First 72 Hours and Functional Outcome in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Mengel Annerose , Siokas Vasileios , Buesink Rebecca , Roesch Sara , Laichinger Kornelia , Ferizi Redina , Dardiotis Efthimios , Sartor-Pfeiffer Jennifer , Single Constanze , Hauser Till-Karsten , Krumbholz Markus , Ziemann Ulf , Feil Katharina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Management of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is challenged by limited therapeutic options and a complex relationship between blood pressure (BP) dynamics, especially BP variability (BPV) and ICH outcome.

Methods
In an exploratory analysis of prospectively collected data on consecutive patients with nontraumatic ICH between 2015 and 2020, continuous BP accessed via an arterial line extracted from the Intellispace Critical Care and Anesthesia information system (Philips Healthcare) was analyzed over the first 72 h post admission. Arterial lines were used as part of standard clinical practice in the intensive care, ensuring high fidelity and real-time data essential for acute care settings. BPV was assessed through successive variation (SV), standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation using all available BP measurements. Multivariate regression models were applied to evaluate the association between BPV indices and functional outcome at 3 months.

Results
Among 261 patients (mean age 69.6 ± 15.2 years, 47.9% female, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score 6 [interquartile range 2–12]) analyzed, lower systolic BP upon admission (< 140 mm Hg) and lower systolic BPV were significantly associated with favorable outcome, whereas higher diastolic BPV correlated with improved outcomes. In the multivariate analysis, diastolic BPV (SD, SV) within the first 72 h post admission emerged as an independent predictor of good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score < 3; odds ratio 1.123, 95% confidence interval CI 1.008–1.184, p = 0.035), whereas systolic BPV (SD) showed a negative association. Patients with better outcomes also exhibited distinct clinical characteristics, including younger age, lower median NIHSS scores, and less prevalence of anticoagulation therapy upon admission.

Conclusions
This study shows the prognostic value of BPV in the acute phase of ICH. Lower systolic BPV (SD) and higher diastolic BPV (SD, SV) were associated with better functional outcomes, challenging traditional BP management strategies. These findings might help to tailor a personalized BP management in ICH.
What’s Impossible about Algorithmic Fairness?
Authors: Sahlgren Otto 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe now well-known impossibility results of algorithmic fairness demonstrate that an error-prone predictive model cannot simultaneously satisfy two plausible conditions for group fairness apart from exceptional circumstances where groups exhibit equal base rates. The results sparked, and continue to shape, lively debates surrounding algorithmic fairness conditions and the very possibility of building fair predictive models. This article, first, highlights three underlying points of disagreement in these debates, which have led to diverging assessments of the feasibility of fairness in prediction-based decision-making. Second, the article explores whether and in what sense fairness as defined by the conjunction of the implicated fairness conditions is (un)attainable. Drawing on philosophical literature on the concept of feasibility and the role of feasibility in normative theory, I outline a cautiously optimistic argument for the diachronic feasibility of fairness. In line with recent works on the topic, I argue that fairness can be made possible through collective efforts to eliminate inequalities that feed into local decision-making procedures.
Sex, Racial/Ethnic, and Regional Disparities in Pulmonary Embolism Mortality Trends in the USA, 1999–2020
Authors: Eikermann Greta Muriel , Tam Christopher , Eyth Annika , Ludeke Can Martin , Grimme Aline M. , Ramishvili Tina , Borngaesser Felix , Rudolph Maira , Aber Nicole , Stoll Sandra Emily , Kyriacou Corinne M. , Ganz-Lord Fran A. , Karaye Ibraheem M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
While the National Institutes of Health emphasize integrating sex as a biological variable into research, specific considerations of sex-related differences in pulmonary embolism (PE) mortality trends remain scarce. This study examines sex-based PE mortality trends across regional and demographic groups in the USA from 1999 to 2020.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of National Center for Health Statistics mortality data from 1999 to 2020 was conducted. Using ICD-10 code I26, PE decedents were identified. Piecewise linear regression assessed sex-based temporal trends in PE mortality by age, race/ethnicity, and census region. Annual percentage changes and average annual percentage changes were derived using Weighted Bayesian Information Criteria. The 95% confidence intervals were estimated using the empirical quantile method.

Results
From 1999 to 2020, a total of 179,273 individuals died in the USA due to PE, resulting in an age-adjusted mortality rate of 2.5 per 100,000 persons (95% CI, 2.5–2.5). While men and women exhibited comparable rates in recent time segments and across most subcategories, a higher mortality trend among males compared to females was observed among non-Hispanic White and Hispanic individuals and residents of the Western US census region. These results remained robust even after excluding data from 2020, accounting for the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions
Our study highlights sex-based disparities in PE mortality trends in the USA from 1999 to 2020. Despite overall stable mortality rates, higher trends among males were evident in specific demographic groups and regions. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted interventions to mitigate PE-related mortality discrepancies across diverse populations.
MiR-375: it could be a general biomarker of metabolic changes and inflammation in type 1 diabetes patients and their siblings
Authors: Mostafa Eman A. , Ismail Nagwa Abdallah , El Din Abd El Baky Abeer M. Nour , ElShaer Tarek F. , Ashmawy Ingy , Wahby Aliaa Ahmed , Wahed Mai Magdy Abdel , Hamdy Abd El Aziz Shereen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune illness that results in loss of pancreatic beta cells and insulin insufficiency. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are linked to immune system functions contributing to the pathophysiology of T1D, miRNA-375 is significantly expressed in the human pancreas and its circulatory levels might correspond to beta cell alterations. Pancreatic islet cell antibodies (ICA) and Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) have roles in autoimmune pathogenesis and are predictive markers of T1D. The aim of this work was to detect serum level changes of miRNA-375, ICA, and GADA in T1D patients, and their siblings compared to healthy controls and correlate them with T1D biochemical parameters.

Methods
The study included 66 T1D patients (32 males and 34 females; age range 3–18 years), 22 patients’ siblings (13 males and 9 females; age range 4–17 years), and 23 healthy controls (7 males and 16 females; age range 4–17 years). MiRNA-375 levels were measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), while ICA and GADA levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data analysis was done utilizing SPSS-17 software.

Results
MiR-375 levels were downregulated in T1D patients and further decreased in their siblings when compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, miR-375 exhibited inverse correlations with HbA1c levels but no correlations with Total Insulin Dose, disease duration, or autoantibodies (GADA & ICA).

Conclusion
Our study indicates that miR-375 is significantly downregulated in children with T1D and their siblings, suggesting its potential role as a biomarker for beta-cell function and glycemic control.