bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reoperations within 48 hours following 7942 pediatric neurosurgery procedures
Authors: Roy Anil K. , Chu Jason , Bozeman Caroline , Sarda Samir , Sawvel Michael , Chern Joshua J. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVEVarious indicators are used to evaluate the quality of care delivered by surgical services, one of which is early reoperation rate. The indications and rate of reoperations within a 48-hour time period have not been previously reported for pediatric neurosurgery.METHODSBetween May 1, 2009, and December 30, 2014, 7942 surgeries were performed by the pediatric neurosurgery service in the operating rooms at a single institution. Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics associated with each of the operations were prospectively collected. The procedures were grouped into 31 categories based on the nature of the procedure and underlying diseases. Reoperations within 48 hours at the conclusion of the index surgery were reviewed to determine whether the reoperation was planned or unplanned. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze risk factors associated with unplanned reoperations.RESULTSCerebrospinal fluid shunt–and hydrocephalus-related surgeries accounted for 3245 (40.8%) of the 7942 procedures. Spinal procedures, craniotomy for tumor resections, craniotomy for traumatic injury, and craniofacial reconstructions accounted for an additional 8.7%, 6.8%, 4.5%, and 4.5% of surgical volume. There were 221 reoperations within 48 hours of the index surgery, yielding an overall incidence of 2.78%; 159 of the reoperation were unplanned. Of these 159 unplanned reoperations, 121 followed index operations involving shunt manipulations. Using unplanned reoperations as the dependent variable (n = 159), index operations with a starting time after 3 pm and admission through the emergency department (ED) were associated with a two- to threefold increase in the likelihood of reoperations (after-hour surgery, odds ratio [OR] 2.01 [95% CI 1.43–2.83, p < 0.001]; ED admission, OR 1.97 (95% CI 1.32–2.96, p < 0.05]).CONCLUSIONSApproximately 25% of the reoperations within 48 hours of a pediatric neurosurgical procedure were planned. When reoperations were unplanned, contributing factors could be both surgeon related and system related. Further study is required to determine the extent to which these reoperations are preventable. The utility of unplanned reoperation as a quality indicator is dependent on proper definition, analysis, and calculation.
Evaluation of Adjusted and Unadjusted Indirect Comparison Methods in Benefit Assessment
Authors: Schiffner-Rohe Julia , Rahnenführer Jörg , Leverkus Friedhelm , Kühnast Sarah 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackground: With the Act on the Reform of the Market for Medicinal Products (AMNOG) in Germany, pharmaceutical manufacturers are obliged to submit a dossier demonstrating added benefit of a new drug compared to an appropriate comparator. Underlying evidence was planned for registration purposes and therefore often does not meet the appropriate comparator as defined by the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA). For this reason AMNOG allows indirect comparisons to assess the extent of added benefit.Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the characteristics and applicability of adjusted indirect comparison described by Bucher and Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison (MAIC) in various situations within the early benefit assessment according to §35a Social Code Book 5. In particular, we consider time-to-event endpoints.Methods: We conduct a simulation study where we consider three different scenarios: I) similar study populations, II) dissimilar study populations without interactions and III) dissimilar study populations with interactions between treatment effect and effect modifiers. We simulate data from a Cox model with Wei- bull distributed survival times. Desired are unbiased effect estimates. We compare the power and the proportion of type 1 errors of the methods.Results: I) Bucher and MAIC perform equiva- lently well and yield unbiased effect estimates as well as proportions of type 1 errors below the significance level of 5%. II) Both Bucher and MAIC yield unbiased effect estimates, but Bucher shows a higher power for detection of true added benefit than MAIC. III) Only MAIC, but not Bucher yields unbiased effect estimates. When using robust variance estimation MAIC yields a proportion of type 1 error close to 5%.In general, power of all methods for indirect comparisons is low. An increasing loss of power for the indirect comparisons can be observed as the true treatment effects decrease.Conclusion: Due to the great loss of power and the potential bias for indirect comparisons, head-to-head trials using the appropriate comparator as defined by the Federal Joint Committee should be conducted whenever possible. However, indirect comparisons are needed if no such direct evidence is available. To conduct indirect comparisons in case of a present common comparator and similar study populations in the trials to be compared, both Bucher and MAIC can be recommended. In case of using adjusted effect measures (such as Hazard Ratio), the violation of the similarity assumption has no relevant effect on the Bucher approach as long as interactions between treatment effect and effect modifiers are absent. Therefore Bucher can still be considered appropriate in this specific situation. In the authors’ opinion, MAIC can be considered as an option (at least as sensitivity analysis to Bucher) if such interactions are present or cannot be ruled out. Nevertheless, in practice MAIC is potentially biased and should always be considered with utmost care.
Mapping Acute Coronary Syndrome Registries to SNOMED CT
Authors: Karlsson Daniel , Koch Sabine , Sulaiman Ismat Mohd 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Background: Malaysia and Sweden have mapped their acute coronary syndrome registries using SNOMED CT. Since similar-purposed patient registries can be expected to collect similar data, these data should be mapped to the same SNOMED CT codes despite the different languages used. Previous studies have however shown variations in mapping between different mappers but the reasons behind these variations and the influence of different mapping approaches are still unknown.
Objectives: To analyze similar-purposed registries and their registry-to-SNOMED CT maps, using two national acute coronary syndrome registries as examples, to understand the reasons for mapping similarities and differences as well as their implications.
Methods: The Malaysian National Cardiovascular Disease - Acute Coronary Syndrome (NCVD- ACS) registry was compared to the Swedish Register of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admissions (RIKS- HIA). The structures of NCVD-ACS and RIKS-HIA registry forms and their distributions of headings, variables and values were studied. Data items with equivalent meaning (EDIs) were paired and their mappings were categorized into match, mismatch, and non-comparable mappings. Reasons for match, mismatch and non-comparability of each paired EDI were seen as factors that contributed to the similarities and differences between the maps.
Results: The registries and their respective maps share a similar distribution pattern regarding the number of headings, variables and values. The registries shared 101 EDIs, whereof 42% (42) were mapped to SNOMED CT. 45% (19) of those SNOMED CT coded EDIs had matching codes. The matching EDIs occurred only in pre-coordi- nated SNOMED CT expressions. Mismatches occurred due to challenges arising from the mappers themselves, limitations in SNOMED CT, and complexity of the registries. Non-comparable mappings appeared due to the use of other coding systems, unmapped data items, as well as requests for new SNOMED CT concepts.
Conclusions: To ensure reproducible and reusable maps, the following three actions are recommended: (i) develop a specific mapping guideline for patient registries; (ii) openly share maps; and (iii) establish collaboration between clinical research societies and the SNOMED CT community.
Patient Safety Culture In Health Organizations: Scoping Review
Authors: Viana De Lima Neto Alcides , Da Fonseca Silva Micheline , Gomes De Medeiros Suzane , Lima Barbosa Mayara , De Oliveira Salvado Pétala Tuani Candido , Pereira Santos Viviane Euzébia 
Published: March 2017

Objective: identify and map the forms to evaluate the patient safety culture in health organizations.
Method: scoping review, developed based on the method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data collection occurred in June 2016 in 15 international databases. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis.
Results: the sample consisted of 75 publications. Among the eleven instruments identified to evaluate the safety culture, the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire had the greatest international repercussion, since they were adapted, validated and used in different continents and contexts.
Conclusion: The synthesis of the instruments enabled clarifying their characteristics, and how they can be important tools to support and accompany changes in the safety culture over time.
Descriptors: Patient’s safety; Organizational culture; Nursing;
Thermal and cardiorespiratory newborn adaptations during hot tub bath
Authors: Gomes da Fonseca Filho Gentil , Sales Passos João Octávio , Azevedo de Almeida Valéria , De Aquino Ribeiro Carla Monique , De Souza Jane Carla , De Araújo Silva Glauco Francisco , Moran Cristiane Aparecida , Alves Pereira Silvana 
Published: March 2017

Objective: To evaluate thermal and cardiorespiratory adaptation during hot tub bath and shower in healthy newborns in the first hours of life. Study design: This is a randomized blind controlled trial, registered in ReBEC (No. RBR-4z26f3) with 184 newborns divided into hot tub group (n=84) and shower (n=100). Newborns from intervention group were immersed in a hot tub with warm water up to the neck, without exposure to air flow, and control group received traditional shower. Heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature were measured before and immediately after bath by an investigator blinded to the type of bath.
Results: Groups were similar in gender, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score at 5th minute and hours of life, p => 0.05. To analyze thermal and cardiorespiratory adjustments, difference between post-bath variables and pre-bath was calculated. In this analysis, it was found statistically significant difference between two types of bath regarding heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature. Hot tub bath decreases heart and respiratory rates and increases temperature, whereas shower provides the opposite effect (0.0001).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that hot tub baths and shower, in healthy newborns, promote thermal and cardiorespiratory adaptations, reflecting thermal, cardiac and respiratory positive reactions after hot tub bath.
Care Management In The Family Health Support Core: Technologies Operated In The Professional Dimension
Authors: Ximenes Guimarães José Maria , Holanda de Freitas Gerlane , Feitosa de Araújo Aretha , De Freitas Lima Maria Claudia , Pereira Machado Élcio Basílio , Carneiro Cleide , De Araújo Gomes Maria Elidiana , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Sousa Maria do Socorro , Alves de Oliveira Myrla , Oliveira Rebouças Tatyane , Carvalho de Souza Eduardo , Araújo Salomão Ana Maria 
Published: March 2017

Introduction: The Centre for Health Support Family - NASF has a innovative character with potential to concretize change in the organization of services and in care practices, supporting and expanding the solvability of the actions of the teams of the Family Health Strategy - FHS. To this end, it must operationalize technologies, arrangements and care management devices.
Objective: To describe the care management technologies, particularly in the professional dimension, operated by the teams of the Support Centre for Family Health, in its dialogue with the Health Strategy.
Methods: case study with a qualitative approach, with the 12 professionals from a NASF team of Maracanaú, Ceará, Brazil. Focal group was performed. The empirical material was analysed based on the content analysis.
Results: there is evidence of a proposal for production of integral care based on the use of technologies as host, bond, autonomy and accountability. The user approach is based on the principles of the extended clinic. However, there are difficulties related to the regulation of access, the construction of bonds, the construction of therapeutic projects and intersectional articulation.
Final thoughts: it appears necessary to overcome the challenges, strengthen mechanisms for coordination and for negotiation of labour, as well as rethinking the NASF linking logic to a seemingly high number of FHS teams complicates the organization of work processes, building of agendas, weakens the bonds with the users and even the solvency.
A Look at the Practice of Risk Classification: Integrative Review
Authors: Alves Morais Filho Luiz , De Medeiros Muniz D’Andreson , Da Silva Ramos Marinho Cristiane , De Góes Bay Júnior Osvaldo , Nogueira Valença Cecília , Soares Martins Quênia Camille , Silva Fernandes do Rêgo Mayara , Paiva da Silva Maria Leonor , De Oliveira Távora Rafaela Carolini , Soares da Silva Ilisdayne Thallita , Silva Araújo Mayonara Fabíola , Gomes de Morais Fernandes Fábia Cheyenne , Fonseca Sousa de Oliveira Renata 
Published: March 2017

Introduction: the increase in the number of patients in emergency services / emergency brought the need for screening / risk classification as a way to organize the urgency and emergency care in the health institutions.
Objectives: know how to develop the risk classification practice in the Brazilian reality using the scientific production, the insertion of nurses in risk classification using the Brazilian scientific production.
Methods: an integrative review was carried out, the data occurred during September 2015 in the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), and the Latin American and Caribbean System of Information on Health Sciences (LILACS) "GOOGLE SCHOLAR."
Results: it found 9,874 articles and selected 33 for analysis. The results were organized in 04 categories: Risk classification as assistance qualifier; risk classification’s organization; operation weaknesses of the risk classification and nurse's role in risk classification.
Conclusion: We conclude that the risk classification qualifies the assistance in emergency services; there are many difficulties for the risk classification’s operation and the nurse has been established as a professional with technical and legal competence to perform the risk classification.
Factors Associated With Diabetic Neuropathy In Rats: A Systematic Review With Metanalysis
Authors: Rolim Lima Nádia Nara , Carvalho de Vasconcelos Carlos Augusto , Ferreira de Sousa Danilo , Rodrigues Pereira Luz Dayse Christina , De Lima Filho José Luiz , Carlos Alves Luiz , Brayner dos Santos Fábio André , Duarte de Moraes Amanda , Moreira de Alencar Dayanna Mayara , Moraes Valença Marcelo 
Published: March 2017

Diabetic neuropathy refers to a group of symptoms associated with the nerve’s damaged ability to perform its functions correctly. Symptoms may vary from paresis to pains that mainly affect sensitive or motor long nerves of feet and hands. Hence, experiments and analysis carried out with rodents, especially rats, allow several clinical interfaces to be known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with diabetic neuropathy in rats. This is a systematic review with metanalysis. Data collection followed some priorelection criteria. The sources of information for the researched data are the databases MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus. The research was conducted using the keywords found in descriptors/MeSH: rats, diabetic neuropathies, and risk factors with the Boolean operator “AND”.
The BioEstat 5.3 was used for statistical analysis, and the Odds Ratio was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Eighty-three references were found, of which 17 followed the criteria and were then included in the present review. Some factors like nerve morphology, blood hypertension, oxidative stress, diabetes period, hypoglycemic effect, vascular complications, and insulin parameters represent the main risk factors for the development of diabetic neuropathy, as well as diabetes induction in rats by using drugs. Such factors are verysimilar to those from humans, thus requiring a deeper analysis of the theme in a considerable human sample.
An Enhanced Method for Scheduling Observations of Large Sky Error Regions for Finding Optical Counterparts to Transients
Authors: Rana Javed , Singhal Akshat , Gadre Bhooshan , Bhalerao Varun , Bose Sukanta 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The discovery and subsequent study of optical counterparts to transient sources is crucial for their complete astrophysical understanding. Various gamma-ray burst (GRB) detectors, and more notably the ground-based gravitational wave detectors, typically have large uncertainties in the sky positions of detected sources. Searching these large sky regions spanning hundreds of square degrees is a formidable challenge for most ground-based optical telescopes, which can usually image less than tens of square degrees of the sky in a single night. We present algorithms for better scheduling of such follow-up observations in order to maximize the probability of imaging the optical counterpart, based on the all-sky probability distribution of the source position. We incorporate realistic observing constraints such as the diurnal cycle, telescope pointing limitations, available observing time, and the rising/setting of the target at the observatory’s location. We use simulations to demonstrate that our proposed algorithms outperform the default greedy observing schedule used by many observatories. Our algorithms are applicable for follow-up of other transient sources with large positional uncertainties, such as Fermi-detected GRBs, and can easily be adapted for scheduling radio or space-based X-ray follow-up.
A Lower Bound on Adiabatic Heating of Compressed Turbulence for Simulation and Model Validation
Authors: Davidovits Seth , Fisch Nathaniel J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The energy in turbulent flow can be amplified by compression, when the compression occurs on a timescale shorter than the turbulent dissipation time. This mechanism may play a part in sustaining turbulence in various astrophysical systems, including molecular clouds. The amount of turbulent amplification depends on the net effect of the compressive forcing and turbulent dissipation. By giving an argument for a bound on this dissipation, we give a lower bound for the scaling of the turbulent velocity with the compression ratio in compressed turbulence. That is, turbulence undergoing compression will be enhanced at least as much as the bound given here, subject to a set of caveats that will be outlined. Used as a validation check, this lower bound suggests that some models of compressing astrophysical turbulence are too dissipative. The technique used highlights the relationship between compressed turbulence and decaying turbulence.
Star Cluster Formation from Turbulent Clumps. I. The Fast Formation Limit
Authors: Farias Juan P. , Tan Jonathan C. , Chatterjee Sourav 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We investigate the formation and early evolution of star clusters, assuming that they form from a turbulent starless clump of a given mass bounded inside a parent self-gravitating molecular cloud characterized by a particular mass surface density. As a first step, we assume instantaneous star cluster formation and gas expulsion. We draw our initial conditions from observed properties of starless clumps. We follow the early evolution of the clusters up to 20 Myr, investigating the effects of different star formation efficiencies, primordial binary fractions and eccentricities, and primordial mass segregation levels. We investigate clumps with initial masses of

embedded in ambient cloud environments with mass surface densities

and

. We show that these models of fast star cluster formation result, in the fiducial case, in clusters that expand rapidly, even considering only the bound members. Clusters formed from higher

environments tend to expand more quickly and thus are soon larger than clusters born from lower

conditions. To form a young cluster of a given age, stellar mass, and mass surface density, these models need to assume a parent molecular clump that is many times denser, which is unrealistic compared to observed systems. We also show that, in these models, the initial binary properties are only slightly modified by interactions, meaning that the binary properties, e.g., at 20 Myr, are very similar to those at birth. With this study, we set up the foundation for future work, where we will investigate more realistic models of star formation compared to this instantaneous, baseline case.
Terrestrial Planet Formation: Constraining the Formation of Mercury
Authors: Lykawka Patryk Sofia , Ito 伊 Takashi 藤孝士 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
How the four terrestrial planets of the solar system formed is one of the most fundamental questions in the planetary sciences. Particularly, the formation of Mercury remains poorly understood. We investigated terrestrial planet formation by performing 110 high-resolution N-body simulation runs using more than 100 embryos and 6000 disk planetesimals representing a primordial protoplanetary disk. To investigate the formation of Mercury, these simulations considered an inner region of the disk at 0.2–0.5 au (the Mercury region) and disks with and without mass enhancements beyond the ice line location, a
IL, in the disk, where a
IL = 1.5, 2.25, and 3.0 au were tested. Although Venus and Earth analogs (considering both orbits and masses) successfully formed in the majority of the runs, Mercury analogs were obtained in only nine runs. Mars analogs were also similarly scarce. Our Mercury analogs concentrated at orbits with a ∼ 0.27–0.34 au, relatively small eccentricities/inclinations, and median mass m ∼ 0.2

. In addition, we found that our Mercury analogs acquired most of their final masses from embryos/planetesimals initially located between 0.2 and ∼1–1.5 au within 10 Myr, while the remaining mass came from a wider region up to ∼3 au at later times. Although the ice line was negligible in the formation of planets located in the Mercury region, it enriched all terrestrial planets with water. Indeed, Mercury analogs showed a wide range of water mass fractions at the end of terrestrial planet formation.