bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome responses of Streptococcus mutans to peroxide stress: identification of novel antioxidant pathways regulated by Spx
Authors: Kajfasz Jessica K. , Ganguly Tridib , Hardin Emily L. , Abranches Jacqueline , Lemos José A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe oxidative stress regulator Spx is ubiquitously found among Gram-positive bacteria. Previously, we reported identification of two Spx proteins in Streptococcus mutans – SpxA1 was the primary activator of oxidative stress genes whereas SpxA2 served a backup role. Here, we used RNA sequencing to uncover the scope of the H2O2 (peroxide)-stress regulon and to further explore the significance of Spx regulation in S. mutans. The transcriptome data confirmed the relationship between Spx and genes typically associated with oxidative stress, but also identified novel genes and metabolic pathways controlled by Spx during peroxide stress. While individual inactivation of newly identified peroxide stress genes had modest or no obvious consequences to bacterial survival, a phenotype enhancement screen using the ∆spxA1 strain as background for creation of double mutants revealed that four of the five genes inactivated were required for stress survival. Physiological and biochemical assays validated, at least in part, the transcriptome data indicating that SpxA1 coordinates transcriptional changes during peroxide stress that modify global metabolism and facilitate production of antioxidants. Collectively, our findings unraveled the scope of the peroxide stress regulon and expand the repertoire of oxidative stress genes in S. mutans, shedding new light on the role of Spx regulation.
Distributed secondary and tertiary controls for I–V droop‐controlled‐paralleled DC–DC converters
Authors: Wang Haojie , Han Minxiao , Guerrero Josep M. , Vasquez Juan C. , Teshager Bitew G. 
Published: November 2017

A hierarchical distributed control method for I–V droop‐controlled‐paralleled DC–DC converters in DC microgrid is proposed. The control structure includes primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. The secondary control level is used to remove the DC voltage deviation and improve the current sharing accuracy. An improved dynamic consensus algorithm is used in the secondary control to calculate the average values of bus voltage and voltage restoration in distributed control. In the tertiary control level, as the main contribution in this study, the system conversion efficiency is enhanced by using the average restoration value obtained in the secondary control level, instead of using the total load current which needs more communication traffic. When the converters are connected to batteries, the method for the state of charge (SoC) management is proposed so that the SoC balance can be guaranteed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by detailed experimental tests based on four 0.7 kW DC–DC converters.
Using smart meters to estimate low‐voltage losses
Authors: Poursharif Goudarz , Brint Andrew , Black Mary , Marshall Mark 
Published: November 2017

Losses on low‐voltage networks are often substantial. For example, in the UK they have been estimated as being 4% of the energy supplied by low‐voltage networks. However, the breakdown of the losses to individual conductors and their split over time are poorly understood as generally only the peak demands and average loads over several months have been recorded. The introduction of domestic smart meters has the potential to change this. How domestic smart meter readings can be used to estimate the actual losses is analysed. In particular, the accuracy of using 30 min readings compared with 1 min readings, and how this accuracy could be improved, were investigated. This was achieved by assigning the data recorded by 100 smart meters with a time resolution of 1 min to three test networks. Smart meter data from three sources were used in the investigation. It was found that 30 min resolution data underestimated the losses by between 9 and 24%. By fitting an appropriate model to the data, it was possible to reduce the inaccuracy by ∼50%. Having a smart meter time resolution of 10 min rather than 30 gave little improvement to the accuracy.
Optimal reconfiguration of the active distribution network with distributed generation and electric vehicle
Authors: Zhang Dongfang , Zhang Tao , Xu Xueqin , Zhou Yuanhua , Zhang Xiaolin 
Published: November 2017

It is a challenge to the stable operation of the active distribution network (ADN) with the distributed generation (DG) and electric vehicle (EV), and the reconfiguration is an important method to improve the stability of the system. The multi‐objective reconfiguration model is established under the battery‐swapping mode, the network loss and the voltage deviation index (VDI) are set up as the optimisation functions, and the number of switching operations is considered as the constraint. The global optimal position is updated through the niche technique; the optimal compromise solution is chose from the Pareto solutions using the fuzzy satisfaction evaluation decision method. Finally, the effects of different scenarios on the target value and the voltage of each node are compared and analysed from the simulation results in IEEE69 nodes system. The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the stability of the system.
Coordinated control strategy of hybrid energy storage to improve accommodating ability of PV
Authors: Zhang Delong , Guo Jianbo , Li Jianlin 
Published: November 2017

The energy storage system of PV power plant can improve the accommodating ability of photovoltaic (PV) generation. The coordinated control of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) becomes one of the urgent problems to be solved. This study proposes a coordinated control strategy of HESS with complementary features to improve the accommodating ability of PV. In the 1 min time scale, a time window selection method is proposed to control the super conductor to smooth the short‐term fluctuation of the PV. In the 1 h time scale, the lithium‐ion battery output model maximising the system economic benefit is established, and the particle swarm optimisation algorithm is used to solve the model. Based on the result of 1 h time scale, the objective function of reducing the fluctuation of electric power consumption is established and solved on the 15 min time scale. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation. The coordinated operation of HESS improves the utilisation rate of the PV power generation.
YORP and Yarkovsky effects in asteroids (1685) Toro, (2100) Ra-Shalom, (3103) Eger, and (161989) Cacus
Authors: Ďurech J. , Vokrouhlický D. , Pravec P. , Hanuš J. , Farnocchia D. , Krugly Yu. N. , Inasaridze R. Y. , Ayvazian V. R. , Fatka P. , Chiorny V. G. , Gaftonyuk N. , Galád A. , Groom R. , Hornoch K. , Kučáková H. , Kušnirák P. , Lehký M. , Kvaratskhelia O. I. , Masi G. , Molotov I. E. , Oey J. , Pollock J. T. , Shevchenko V. G. , Vraštil J. , Warner B. D. 
Published: November 2017

Context. The rotation states of small asteroids are affected by a net torque arising from an anisotropic sunlight reflection and thermal radiation from the asteroids’ surfaces. On long timescales, this so-called YORP effect can change asteroid spin directions and their rotation periods.
Aims. We analyzed lightcurves of four selected near-Earth asteroids with the aim of detecting secular changes in their rotation rates that are caused by YORP or at least of putting upper limits on such changes.
Methods. We use the lightcurve inversion method to model the observed lightcurves and include the change in the rotation rate dω/ dt as a free parameter of optimization. To enlarge the time line of observations and to increase the sensitivity of the method, we collected more than 70 new lightcurves. For asteroids Toro and Cacus, we used thermal infrared data from the WISE spacecraft and estimated their size and thermal inertia by means of a thermophysical model. We also used the currently available optical and radar astrometry of Toro, Ra-Shalom, and Cacus to infer the Yarkovsky effect.
Results. We detected a YORP acceleration of dω/ dt = (1.9 ± 0.3) × 10-8 rad d-2 for asteroid Cacus. The current astrometric data set is not sufficient to provide detection of the Yarkovsky effect in this case. For Toro, we have a tentative (2σ) detection of YORP from a significant improvement of the lightcurve fit for a nonzero value of dω/ dt = 3.0 × 10-9 rad d-2. We note an excellent agreement between the observed secular change of the semimajor axis da/ dt and the theoretical expectation for densities in the 2–2.5 g cm-3 range. For asteroid Eger, we confirmed the previously published YORP detection with more data and updated the YORP value to (1.1 ± 0.5) × 10-8 rad d-2. We also updated the shape model of asteroid Ra-Shalom and put an upper limit for the change of the rotation rate to | dω/ dt | ≲ 1.5 × 10-8 rad d-2. Ra-Shalom has a greater than 3σ Yarkovsky detection with a theoretical value consistent with observations assuming its size and/or density is slightly larger than the nominally expected values. Using the convex shape models and spin parameters reconstructed from lightcurves, we computed theoretical YORP values and compared them with those measured. They agree with each other within the expected uncertainties of the model.
Eine seltene Differenzialdiagnose von chronischem Husten
Authors: Dicker Michael , Schneider Tino , von Kempis Johannes , Diethelm Markus 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Wir berichten über einen 62-jährigen Patienten mit trockenem Husten seit 3 Monaten, Fieber, einer Allgemeinsymptomatik und erhöhten Entzündungswerten.
Untersuchungen Im Vorfeld ließ sich trotz umfangreicher Diagnostik keine infektiöse, neoplastische oder rheumatologische Diagnose stellen. Die Bronchoskopie mit bronchoalveolärer Lavage zeigte eine Lymphozytose. Im 18F-FDG-PET/CT fiel eine vermehrte Glukoseaufnahme in der gesamten Aorta mit ihren primären Ästen auf.
Diagnose, Therapie und Verlauf Wir diagnostizierten eine Großgefäßvaskulitis, vereinbar mit einer extrakraniellen Variante einer Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA). Nach Etablierung einer immunsuppressiven Therapie fand sich ein gutes klinisches Ansprechen und eine Regredienz der Entzündungswerte.
Folgerung Bei älteren Patienten mit Fieber, Husten und Allgemeinsymptomatik sollte differenzialdiagnostisch an eine RZA gedacht werden, auch wenn „klassische" Symptome fehlen. Respiratorische Symptome kommen als alleiniges Erstsymptom in ca. 4 %, zusammen mit klassischen Symptomen in ca. 9 % der Fälle mit RZA vor.Bei der Abklärung unklarer Entzündungszustände kommt dem 18F-FDG-PET/CT eine immer größere Bedeutung zu.
Primäres intraokuläres Lymphom: Relevanz der diagnostischen Vitrektomie
Authors: Le Guin Claudia , Metz Klaus , Bornfeld Norbert 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungPrimär intraokuläre Lymphome sind sehr seltene Tumoren, die sich noch weiter in primär vitreoretinale und die noch viel selteneren primär uvealen Lymphome unterteilen lassen. In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat die Inzidenz des primär vitreoretinalen Lymphoms (PVRL) deutlich zugenommen. Die differenzialdiagnostische Abgrenzung zur posterioren Uveitis ist mitunter schwierig und daher kommt es in einigen Fällen zur verschleppten Diagnosestellung mit einer verzögerten Therapieeinleitung. Dies ist insbesondere deshalb fatal, weil das primär vitreoretinale Lymphom häufig mit dem primären ZNS-Lymphom assoziiert ist. Goldstandard zur Diagnosesicherung vor Therapieeinleitung ist der zytologische bzw. histologische Nachweis von Lymphomzellen. Hierzu wird eine diagnostische Vitrektomie mit Glaskörperbiopsie, evtl. kombiniert mit einer transretinalen Biopsie, durchgeführt. Zytokinanalyse, Durchflusszytometrie sowie molekulare Diagnostik sind lediglich ergänzende Maßnahmen, sofern genügend Probenmaterial vorhanden ist. Sobald die Diagnose eines Lymphoms gestellt ist, muss in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit zwischen Onkologen und Ophthalmologen ein Therapiekonzept erarbeitet werden.
1.1.3 Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Precursors
Authors: Huynh H. E. , Yuan D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn overview of common methodologies for the preparation of free N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and their respective precursors is given. In addition to classical five-membered NHCs, examples of less-explored non-classical NHCs, including mesoionic and ring-expanded species, are also described. Experimental procedures reported in the primary literature are included for selected key compounds.
1.4.6 Hydrothiolation, Hydroalkoxylation, and Hydroaryloxylation
Authors: de Frémont P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHydrothiolation, hydroalkoxylation, and hydroaryloxylation reactions of carbon–carbon triple or double bonds, which belong to the broader family of hydroelementation reactions, conveniently lead to the formation of vinyl sulfides, alkyl sulfides, vinyl ethers, or alkyl ethers. Well-defined complexes of late transition metals with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands can efficiently promote these reactions under milder conditions and with better stereo- and regiocontrol compared to other methods employing free radicals or strong acids/bases.
2.1.2 Ring-Closing Metathesis
Authors: Broggi J. , Clavier H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter describes the use of ruthenium alkylidene complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands as catalysts for the preparation of cyclic compounds (from 5- to 33-membered rings) by metathesis. Also included are examples of asymmetric metathesis using catalysts bearing chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes.
2.3 Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Zhong Y. , Felten S. , Louie J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter presents a detailed overview of current research into N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) coordinated, transition-metal-catalyzed cyclization reactions. Highly efficient and economical access to pharmacologically relevant moieties, such as carbo- and heterocycles, is crucial in synthetic chemistry. Though cyclizations are atom-economical, historically harsh reaction conditions, poor substrate tolerance, and low product selectivity severely limited the practicality of such reactions. However, transition-metal catalysts based on copper, gold, palladium, nickel, rhodium, cobalt, and iron have allowed for the rapid synthesis of cyclization products in good to high yield and with high selectivity. In addition, these cyclizations tolerate starting materials bearing a variety of functional groups. Symmetric and asymmetric NHC ligands have proven to be critical for success in generating efficient transition-metal based catalytic systems. The electronic and steric diversity of NHC ligands allows for the fine-tuning of the transition-metal catalyst, which has resulted in effective [n + m]-cycloaddition reactions, inter- and intramolecular cycloisomerization reactions, and rearrangement reactions.
An exploratory study of heterotrophic protists of the mesopelagic Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Dolan John R , Ciobanu Maria , Marro Sophie , Coppola Laurent 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Is there a mesopelagic protist fauna composed of species different from that of the overlying surface community? Does the mesopelagic community show seasonal changes in abundances and species composition? We addressed these questions by considering three distinct groups in which species identification is relatively unambiguous: tintinnid ciliates, phaeodarian radiolarians, and amphisolenid dinoflagellates. We sampled weekly at 250 m and 30 m depth from January to June a deep-water coastal site characterized by seasonal changes in water column structure; notably, in winter the mixed layer extends down into mesopelagic depths. We found a deep-water community of tintinnid ciliates comprised of forms apparently restricted to deep waters and species also found in the surface layer. This latter group was dominant during the winter mixis period when tintinnid concentrations were highest and subsequently declined with water column stratification. Phaeodarian radiolarians and the amphisolenid dinoflagellates were regularly found in deep samples but were largely absent from surface water samples and showed distinct patterns in the mesopelagic. Phaeodarian radiolarians declined with water column mixing and then increased in concentration with water column stratification whilst amphisolenid dinoflagellates concentrations showed no pattern but species composition varied. We conclude that for all three protists groups there appear to be both distinct mesopelagic forms and seasonal patterns.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines on the Treatment of Adults With Vestibular Schwannomas: Executive Summary
Authors: Olson Jeffrey J , Kalkanis Steven N , Ryken Timothy C 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are uncommon lesions that are a substantial challenge to the neurosurgeons, otologists, and radiation oncologists who undertake their clinical management. A starting point to improving the current knowledge is to define the benchmarks of the current research studying VS management using evidence-based techniques in order to allow meaningful points of departure for future scientific and clinical research.

OBJECTIVE
To establish the best evidence-based management of VS, including initial otologic evaluation, imaging diagnosis, use of surgical techniques, assessment of tumor pathology, and the administration of radiation therapy.

METHODS
Multidisciplinary writing groups were identified to design questions, literature searches, and collection and classification of relevant findings. This information was then translated to recommendations based on the strength of the available literature.

RESULTS
This guideline series yielded some level 2 recommendations and a greater number of level 3 recommendations directed at the management of VS. Importantly, in some cases, a number of well-designed questions and subsequent searches did not yield information that allowed creation of a meaningful and justifiable recommendation.

CONCLUSION
This series of guidelines was constructed to assess the most current and clinically relevant evidence for the management of VS. They set a benchmark regarding the current evidence base for this type of tumor while also highlighting important key areas for future basic and clinical research, particularly on those topics for which no recommendations could be formulated.
The full guidelines can be found at: https://www.cns.org/guidelines/guidelines-management-patients-vestibular-schwannoma.
Antiplatelet Therapy Before or After 16 Weeks’ Gestation for Preventing Preeclampsia: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis
Authors: Meher Shireen , Duley Lelia , Hunter Kylie , Askie Lisa 
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(2):121–128.e2)
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown an association between antiplatelet agents and a reduction in the risk of preeclampsia and its complications, but the ideal timing of antiplatelet therapy is unclear. It has been suggested through aggregate data meta-analyses that therapy commencing prior to 16 weeks’ gestation is more effective, but data are limited. Using a large existing individual participant data set, this study aimed to assess whether treatment is more effective when started before 16 weeks’ gestation or after.
Enoxaparin for the Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Women With a History: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Groom K.M. , McCowan L.M. , Mackay L.K. , Lee A.C. , Said J.M. , Kane S.C. , Walker S.P. , van Mens T.E. , Hannan N.J. , Tong S. , Chamley L.W. , Stone P.R. , McLintock C. 
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(3):296.e1–296.e14)
Preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are both placental diseases and major causes of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The most commonly used risk predictor for both IUGR and preeclampsia is obstetric history, and women are more significantly at risk if the condition occurred early in pregnancy and was severe. Previous studies have shown aspirin and calcium can significantly reduce the incidence of preeclampsia, and results from trials for heparin and low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH) have yielded conflicting results. This multicenter randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the use of LMWH for the prevention of small for gestational age (SGA) infants and preeclampsia in women with a history of these conditions.
Dose-adjusted Plasma Concentrations of Sublingual Buprenorphine are Lower During than After Pregnancy
Authors: Bastian J.R. , Chen H. , Zhang H. , Rothenberger S. , Tarter R. , English D. , Venkataramanan R. , Caritis S.N. 
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(1):64.e1–64.e7)
Buprenorphine is increasingly used in pregnant women with opioid use disorders, as it has recently been associated with less severe neonatal complications and comparable efficacy as methadone. Currently, dosing of buprenorphine for pregnant women is based on recommendations for nonpregnant patients; however, drug absorption and metabolism can be impacted by pregnancy. This study examined the pharmacokinetic properties of sublingual buprenorphine in pregnant women and the postpartum period.
Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy in Adolescents: A Comparison of Acute Versus Chronic Presentation. Two-Year Minimum Follow-up
Authors: Ashberg Lyall , Walsh John P. , Yuen Leslie C. , Perets Itay , Chaharbakhshi Edwin O. , Domb Benjamin G. 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Hip arthroscopy has been shown to be effective in managing various hip pathologies, including labral tears in adolescent patients. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether outcomes of hip arthroscopy in patients under the age of 18 treated for labral tears differ depending on whether the presentation was acute or chronic. We also present the outcomes of the largest prospectively collected study on hip arthroscopy performed for labral tears in adolescents.

Methods:
Patient reported outcome scores (PROs) for 194 patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for hip pathology, who were 18 or under at the time of surgery were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed. Modified Harris hip score (mHHS), Nonarthritic hip score (NAHS), Hip Outcome score-sport specific scale (HOS-SSS) and Visual Analogue Score (VAS) were the PROs collected. The overall cohort was assessed for outcome and a comparison was made between those patients who presented with acute onset of symptoms versus those who presented with insidious onset.

Results:
There was significant improvement in all the PROs for the overall cohort, with improvement maintained over an average of 38.5 months. There was no significant difference in outcome scores, between the acute and chronic groups except for change in VAS. Preoperative scores in the acute group were significantly lower, while postoperative scores did not differ. A trend toward more improvement was noted for the acute group. Overall need for revision surgery was 12%, with a higher rate of revision in the acute group.

Conclusions:
Hip arthroscopy in adolescent patients being treated for intra-articular pathology is a safe procedure with favorable outcomes at minimum 2-year follow-up, with no significant difference in final outcomes between patients with acute onset of symptoms as opposed to those with more a more chronic presentation. Reoperation rate may be higher in patients with an acute onset.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.