bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary Spanning Activities of Corporate HQ Executives Insights from a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Birkinshaw Julian , Ambos Tina C. , Bouquet Cyril 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWhat are the boundary spanning activities undertaken by the Corporate Headquarters (HQ) executives of a Multinational Corporation? We address this question through a five‐year longitudinal case study of one company as it shifted from a traditional HQ in one location, to a dual HQ in two locations, to a virtual HQ split across multiple locations. By observing how HQ executives prioritized their time over the course of this transition, we identified four generic boundary spanning activities: two (spearheading and facilitating) focused on making connections across boundaries, two (reconciling and lubricating) focused on overcoming differences in worldview across boundaries. By considering these activities together, and how they vary in importance over time, we show how each boundary spanning activity adds value to the MNC and improves the effectiveness of the internal and external network. An important feature of our study is that we operationalize boundary spanning at the activity level, i.e., in terms of the specific actions taken by corporate HQ executives, to provide a more granular understanding of how boundary spanning works in practice.
Facial phenotype in obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Agha Bahn , Johal Ama 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis systematic review and meta‐analysis explores the association between facial phenotype and obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome in adults. A comprehensive electronic (Medline via Ovid, Scopus, and Embase) database and reference search were undertaken in relation to imaging modalities for surface craniofacial assessments in subjects with sleep apnea. The outcome measures were surface facial dimensions, morphology and profile. The quality of studies was assessed and a meta‐analysis conducted. The studies were weighted using the inverse variance method, and the random effects model was used to analyse data. This systematic review identified eight case–control studies. In five studies (906 participants), adults with sleep apnea showed increased weighted mean differences in neck circumference by 1.26 mm (P = 0.0001) with extensive heterogeneity between studies (I² = 93%). Only two studies (467 participants) shared the following outcomes: mandible length, lower facial height, mandible width and anterior mandible height parameters. The pooled results demonstrated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was associated with larger parameters than controls. In conclusion, the surface facial assessment was able to demonstrate some characteristic morphological features, facilitating a meta‐analysis, in adults with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome. The strength of these findings, however, was limited by the heterogeneity of the studies precluding the identification of a clear phenotype.
Proteinuria in Apparently Healthy Elderly Dogs: Persistency and Comparison Between Free Catch and Cystocentesis Urine
Authors: Marynissen S.J.J. , Willems A.L. , Paepe D. , Smets P.M.Y. , Picavet P. , Duchateau L. , Daminet S. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundUp to 25% of elderly humans have proteinuria, often associated with underlying lesions. Data concerning the presence of proteinuria in elderly dogs is scarce.ObjectivesTo describe the presence and persistence of proteinuria and to compare urinary protein : creatinine ratio (UPC) between free catch and cystocentesis urine samples in apparently healthy elderly dogs.AnimalsHundred apparently healthy elderly dogs.MethodsProspective study. Owners of 100 elderly dogs were asked to collect 2 free catch urine samples. Dogs were considered healthy based on owner's perception and an age chart, based on ideal bodyweight, was used to define dogs as senior or geriatric.UPCof urine collected by free catch and cystocentesis were compared. Overt proteinuria and borderline proteinuria were defined asUPC>0.5 and between 0.2 and 0.5, respectively, if examination of sediment did not explain proteinuria. Proteinuria was considered persistent if present at both sampling times.ResultsAt baseline, 71 owners succeeded in collecting urine. Eleven percent of dogs had overt proteinuria, 14% were borderline proteinuric, and 75% nonproteinuric. Thirty‐seven repeated urine samples, with a median time interval of 31 days (range 10–90), were available. Nineteen percent of dogs had a persistently increasedUPC(>0.2), with persistent overt proteinuria present in 8%. A strong correlation (ρ = 0.88) was found betweenUPCof urine collected by free catch and cystocentesis.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAs 19% of study dogs had persistent proteinuria, our findings emphasize that measurement of proteinuria should be part of geriatric health screening. ForUPCin dogs, free catch urine provides a good alternative to cystocentesis.
Dynamic Effects of the Minimum Wage on Informality in Colombia
Authors: Mora Jhon James , Muro Juan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInformality is a common phenomenon in developing countries and is not uncommon in industrialized societies. Although persistent aggregate rates of informal employment for a certain period of time may be indicative of low rates of employment status change among individuals, more intensive studies regarding persistent individual informal employment are needed. We used a reduced‐form dynamic pseudo panel data model approach that accounted for unobserved heterogeneity and initial conditions to present empirical evidence of the extent of persistent informality in a developing country, where education is the primary force of mitigating permanent informality. Using data from Colombia, we also provide results on the complex effect of minimum wage levels on informality. An increase in the minimum wage resulted in increased informality and increased the persistence of informality. Our results may be a basis with which to discuss the persistence of informality in other developing countries.
Vesicle dynamics during the atmospheric entry heating of cosmic spherules
Authors: Genge M. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCosmic spherules are unique igneous objects that form by melting due to gas drag heating during atmospheric entry heating. Vesicles are an important component of many cosmic spherules since they suggest their precursors had finite volatile contents. Vesicle abundances in spherules decrease through the series porphyritic, glassy, barred, to cryptocrystalline spherules. Anomalous hollow spherules, with large off‐center vesicles occur in both porphyritic and glassy spheres. Numerical simulation of the dynamic behavior of vesicles during atmospheric flight is presented that indicates vesicles rapidly migrate due to deceleration and separate from nonporphyritic particles. Modest rotation rates of tens of radians s−1 are, however, sufficient to impede loss of vesicles and may explain the presence of small solitary vesicles in barred, cryptocrystalline and glassy spherules. Rapid rotation at spin rates of several thousand radians s−1 are required to concentrate vesicles at the rotational axis and leads to rapid growth by coalescence and either separation or retention depending on the orientation of the rotational axis. Complex rapid rotations that concentrate vesicles in the core of particles are proposed as a mechanism for the formation of hollow spherules. High vesicle contents in porphyritic spherules suggest volatile‐rich precursors; however, calculation of volatile retention indicates these have lost >99.9% of volatiles to degassing prior to melting. The formation of hollow spherules, by rapid spin, necessarily implies preatmospheric rotations of several thousand radians s−1. These particles are suggested to represent immature dust, recently released from parent bodies, in which rotations have not been slowed by magnetic damping.
Revealing the inventory of type III effectors in Pantoea agglomerans gall‐forming pathovars using draft genome sequences and a machine‐learning approach
Authors: Nissan Gal , Gershovits Michael , Morozov Michael , Chalupowicz Laura , Sessa Guido , Manulis‐Sasson Shulamit , Barash Isaac , Pupko Tal 
Published: December 2016

SummaryPantoea agglomerans, a widespread epiphytic bacterium, has evolved into a hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp)‐dependent and host‐specific gall‐forming pathogen by the acquisition of a pathogenicity plasmid containing a type III secretion system (T3SS) and its effectors (T3Es). Pantoea agglomerans pv. betae (Pab) elicits galls on beet (Beta vulgaris) and gypsophila (Gypsophila paniculata), whereas P. agglomerans pv. gypsophilae (Pag) incites galls on gypsophila and a hypersensitive response (HR) on beet. Draft genome sequences were generated and employed in combination with a machine‐learning approach and a translocation assay into beet roots to identify the pools of T3Es in the two pathovars. The genomes of the sequenced Pab4188 and Pag824‐1 strains have a similar size (∼5 MB) and GC content (∼55%). Mutational analysis revealed that, in Pab4188, eight T3Es (HsvB, HsvG, PseB, DspA/E, HopAY1, HopX2, HopAF1 and HrpK) contribute to pathogenicity on beet and gypsophila. In Pag824‐1, nine T3Es (HsvG, HsvB, PthG, DspA/E, HopAY1, HopD1, HopX2, HopAF1 and HrpK) contribute to pathogenicity on gypsophila, whereas the PthG effector triggers HR on beet. HsvB, HsvG, PthG and PseB appear to endow pathovar specificities to Pab and Pag, and no homologous T3Es were identified for these proteins in other phytopathogenic bacteria. Conversely, the remaining T3Es contribute to the virulence of both pathovars, and homologous T3Es were found in other phytopathogenic bacteria. Remarkably, HsvG and HsvB, which act as host‐specific transcription factors, displayed the largest contribution to disease development.
Carbohydrate antigen 19–9 is significantly elevated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Fukasawa Hirotaka , Kaneko Mai , Niwa Hiroki , Yasuda Hideo , Kumagai Hiromichi , Furuya Ryuichi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimLiver cysts are the most common extrarenal manifestation in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19–9) is generally used as a marker for biliopancreatic malignancies, although CA19–9 levels in patients with ADPKD are largely unknown.MethodsA prospective observational study of 53 ADPKD patients and 83 non‐ADPKD control subjects was performed. The serum levels of CA19–9 were studied to evaluate the association with clinical parameters and liver cysts.ResultsThe serum CA19–9 levels were significantly higher in the ADPKD group than in the control group (32.9 U/mL vs. 9.8 U/mL, respectively, P < 0.001). The serum CA19–9 levels in the ADPKD group were positively correlated with the mean blood pressure (rho = 0.335, P < 0.05), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GTP) levels (rho = 0.541, P < 0.001), the largest cyst size (rho = 0.536, P < 0.001) and the liver cyst volume (rho = 0.682, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analyses showed that the gamma‐GTP levels (P < 0.001) and the liver cyst volumes (P < 0.001) were independent predictors for serum CA19–9 levels.ConclusionsSerum CA19–9 levels are significantly elevated and appear to be dependent on the gamma‐GTP levels and the volume of liver cysts in patients with ADPKD. Our findings indicate that the measurement of the baseline CA19–9 level in each patient with ADPKD may be useful for the interpretation of the value and the differential diagnosis of liver diseases, particularly the liver cyst infection.
Opioid analgesic use among patients presenting with acute abdominal pain and factors associated with surgical diagnoses
Authors: Khemani D. , Camilleri M. , Roldan A. , Nelson A. D. , Park S.‐Y. , Acosta A. , Zinsmeister A. R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of chronic opioid use among non‐cancer patients presenting with acute abdominal pain (AAP) is unknown. The aim was to characterize opioid use, constipation, diagnoses, and risk factors for surgical diagnoses among non‐cancer patients presenting with AAP to an emergency department (ED).MethodsWe performed a retrospective, observational cohort study of all (n=16,121) adult patients (88% from MN, IA and WI) presenting during 2014 with AAP. We used electronic medical records, and focused on 2352 adults with AAP who underwent abdominal CT scan within 24 hours of presentation. We determined odds ratios of association with constipation and features predicting conditions that may require surgery (surgical diagnosis).Key ResultsThere were 2352 eligible patients; 18.8% were opioid users. Constipation was more frequent in opioid (35.1%) compared to non‐opioid users [OR 2.88 (95% CI 2.28, 3.62)]. Prevalence of surgical diagnosis in the opioid and non‐opioid users was 35.3% and 41.7% respectively (P=.019). By univariate analysis, age and neutrophil count independently predicted increased risk, and chronic opioid use decreased risk of surgical diagnosis. Internal validation of logistic models using a randomly selected validation subset (25% of entire cohort, 587/2352) showed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the validation and full cohorts were similar.Conclusions and InferencesApproximately 19% of adults presenting with AAP were opioid users; constipation is almost three times as likely in opioid users compared to non‐opioid users presenting with AAP. Factors significantly associated with altered risk of surgical diagnoses were age, opioid use, and neutrophil count.
Finance and growth in oil‐dependent economies: does crude oil price matter? evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Nwani Chinazaekpere 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study examines three possible causal relationships between financial sector development, economic growth and crude oil price in Nigeria using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration analysis over the period 1981 to 2011. First, the causal effect of financial sector development on economic growth is found to be negatively insignificant in the long‐run and negatively significant in the short‐run suggesting the weakness of financial intermediary sector in resource mobilisation and allocation in Nigeria. Crude oil price is found to be the key driver of economic growth in Nigeria. Second, the causal effect of economic growth on financial sector development is as well found to be negatively insignificant in the long‐run and negatively significant in the short‐run. Third, the causal effect of crude oil price on financial sector development is found to be positive and significant in the long‐run, suggesting that crude oil price is the underlying factor that determines the amount of economic activities passing through the Nigerian financial sector. The results highlight the need for a well‐articulated policy framework that will lessen the high dependence of the Nigerian economy on crude oil.
On the mixed indirect effects of oil prices on international trade
Authors: Akman Engin , Bozkurt Ibrahim 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study concentrates on the indirect effects of oil prices on the international trade of oil‐exporting countries and their trade partners. We analysed the total imports of the leading oil‐exporting countries (Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Venezuela, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Algeria and Mexico) and exports of the major trade partners exporting to them (China, United States, India, France, Korea, Germany and Japan). VAR models, Granger Causality Tests, Impulse Response Function and Variance Decomposition analysis are used as empirical methods. We find that oil price increases have a negative impact on the imports of oil‐exporting countries in general. However, effects on the exports of their trade partners are varied across the countries. Oil prices have positive indirect effects on the foreign trade of China, India and France while a negative effect is observed for Korea and the United States.
Mutation load in melanoma is affected by MC1R genotype
Authors: Johansson Peter A. , Pritchard Antonia L. , Patch Ann‐Marie , Wilmott James S. , Pearson John V. , Waddell Nicola , Scolyer Richard A. , Mann Graham J. , Hayward Nicholas K. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryWhole‐genome sequencing of matched germline and tumour pairs in a well‐characterized cohort of melanoma patients allowed investigation of associations between melanoma body site, age at melanoma onset and MC1R variant status with overall mutation burden and specific base pair changes observed in the corresponding melanoma. We observed statistically significant associations between mutation burden in melanoma and body site, age at onset and MC1R genotype, for both ultraviolet radiation (UVR) signature changes (C>T and CC>TT) and non‐UVR base pair substitutions, as well as with overall variant load.
Complete resolution of trichodysplasia spinulosa in a pediatric renal transplant patient: Case report and literature review
Authors: Coogle Lauren P. , Holland Kristen E. , Pan Cynthia , Van Why Scott K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTS of immunosuppression is a rare, disfiguring dermatologic condition caused by TS‐associated polyomavirus in immunosuppressed patients. It is difficult to treat, with no clearly described approach to resolve the condition completely and safely. We report a child with a renal transplant who developed TS and was treated with significant reduction in immunosuppression and transient use of cidofovir cream. The combined approach, primarily with significant long‐term reduction in immunosuppression guided by monitoring BK viremia in our patient, led to complete resolution of TS without recurrence or graft rejection by 5 years after transplant. This outcome was superior to all other reports of TS in children after transplantation. Closely monitoring for BK viremia, as a surrogate marker of over‐immunosuppression, can guide adjustment in immunosuppressant medication to treat polyomavirus disease without developing the complication of graft rejection in a patient at significant risk.
The effect of physicochemical conditions and nutrient sources on maximizing the growth and lipid productivity of green microalgae
Authors: da Silva Ferreira Veronica , Sant'Anna Celso 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYBiodiesel is a renewable fuel produced mostly from edible and non‐edible vegetables, by transesterification of neutral lipids (triacylglycerols). However, vegetable oil‐based biodiesel production competes with food crops for arable land, increasing food prices and leading to biodiversity loss. The production of biodiesel from oleaginous microorganisms – particularly microalgae – has attracted attention due to the higher lipid productivity of these organisms, when compared with vegetables. Several environmental factors – including light, temperature, pH and the presence of nutrients (particularly nitrogen, phosphorus and iron) – influence directly the ability of microalgae to produce and store triacylglycerols and other lipids, and also modulate microalgal growth. Although some environmental factors affect several species in a similar manner, differential responses between species are frequent, highlighting the importance of identifying optimal cultivation conditions for each species, to balance growth and lipid productivity for biodiesel production. Here, we reviewed the particular influence of the physicochemical and nutritional factors on the growth and lipid productivity of different green oleaginous microalgae species.
Testing and Confidence Intervals for High Dimensional Proportional Hazards Models
Authors: Fang Ethan X. , Ning Yang , Liu Han 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe paper considers the problem of hypothesis testing and confidence intervals in high dimensional proportional hazards models. Motivated by a geometric projection principle, we propose a unified likelihood ratio inferential framework, including score, Wald and partial likelihood ratio statistics for hypothesis testing. Without assuming model selection consistency, we derive the asymptotic distributions of these test statistics, establish their semiparametric optimality and conduct power analysis under Pitman alternatives. We also develop new procedures to construct pointwise confidence intervals for the baseline hazard function and conditional hazard function. Simulation studies show that all tests proposed perform well in controlling type I errors. Moreover, the partial likelihood ratio test is empirically more powerful than the other tests. The methods proposed are illustrated by an example of a gene expression data set.
Improving With Practice: A Neural Model of Mathematical Development
Authors: Aubin Sean , Voelker Aaron R. , Eliasmith Chris 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe ability to improve in speed and accuracy as a result of repeating some task is an important hallmark of intelligent biological systems. Although gradual behavioral improvements from practice have been modeled in spiking neural networks, few such models have attempted to explain cognitive development of a task as complex as addition. In this work, we model the progression from a counting‐based strategy for addition to a recall‐based strategy. The model consists of two networks working in parallel: a slower basal ganglia loop and a faster cortical network. The slow network methodically computes the count from one digit given another, corresponding to the addition of two digits, whereas the fast network gradually “memorizes” the output from the slow network. The faster network eventually learns how to add the same digits that initially drove the behavior of the slower network. Performance of this model is demonstrated by simulating a fully spiking neural network that includes basal ganglia, thalamus, and various cortical areas. Consequently, the model incorporates various neuroanatomical data, in terms of brain areas used for calculation and makes psychologically testable predictions related to frequency of rehearsal. Furthermore, the model replicates developmental progression through addition strategies in terms of reaction times and accuracy, and naturally explains observed symptoms of dyscalculia.