bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of injectable PMMA‐strontium‐substituted bioactive glass bone cement composites
Authors: Goñi I. , Rodríguez R. , García‐Arnáez I. , Parra J. , Gurruchaga M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn most minimally‐invasive procedures used to address severe pain arising from compression fractures of the vertebral bodies, such as percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is used. Shortcomings of this type of cement, such as high exotherm temperature and lack of bioactivity, are well known. We prepared different formulations of a composite bone cement, whose solid constituents consisted of PMMA beads and particles of a bioactive glass (BG), where 0–20%(w/w) of the calcium component was substituted by strontium. The difference between the formulations was in the relative amounts of the solid phase constituents and in the Sr‐content of BG. We determined the influence of the mixture of solid phase constituents of the cement formulation on a collection of properties, such as maximum exotherm temperature (Tmax), setting time (tset), and injectability (I). The selection of the PMMA beads was crucial to obtain cement composite formulations capable to be efficiently injected. Results allowed to select nine solid phase mixtures to be further tested. Then, we determined the influence of the composition of these composite bone cements on Tmax, tset, I, and cell proliferation. The results showed that the performance of various of the selected composite cements was better than that of PMMA cement reference, with lower Tmax, lower tset, and higher I. We found that incorporation of Sr‐substituted BGs into these materials bestows bioactivity properties associated with the role of Sr in bone formation, leading to some composite cement formulations that may be suitable for use in PVP. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1245–1257, 2018.
Optimal 1—Spontaneous Emission Error Designs*
Authors: Zhou Junling , Tian Zihong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA t‐spontaneous emission error design, denoted by t‐ SEED or t‐SEED in short, is a system of k‐subsets of a v‐set V with a partition of satisfying for any and , , where is a constant depending only on E. The design of t‐SEED was introduced by Beth et al. in 2003 (T. Beth, C. Charnes, M. Grassl, G. Alber, A. Delgado, M. Mussinger, Des Codes Cryptogr 29 (2003), 51–70) to construct quantum jump codes. The number m of designs in a t‐ SEED is called dimension, which corresponds to the number of orthogonal basis states in a quantum jump code. A t‐SEED is nondegenerate if every point appears in each of its member design. A nondegenerate t‐SEED is called optimal when it achieves the largest possible dimension. This paper investigates the dimension of optimal 1‐SEEDs, in which Baranyai's Lemma plays a significant role and the hypergraph distribution is closely related as well. Several classes of optimal 1‐SEEDs are shown to exist. In particular, we determine the exact dimensions of optimal 1‐ SEEDs for all orders v and block sizes k with .
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Zolmitriptan and Its Metabolite in Adults and Adolescents to Support Dose Selection in Children With Migraine
Authors: Zhou Wangda , Li Jianguo , Birmingham Bruce , Xu Hongmei , Lillieborg Stefan , Zhou Diansong , Al‐Huniti Nidal 
Published: June 2017

AbstractZolmitriptan is a serotonin (5‐HT) 1B/1D receptor agonist effective for the treatment of migraine. This analysis aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for zolmitriptan and its active metabolite in adults and adolescents and provide appropriate dosing regimens to be used in clinical trials for children 6–11 years old. The data from a single‐dose clinical study of 5.0‐mg zolmitriptan nasal spray (ZNS) conducted in adult and adolescent patients with migraine between migraine attacks was applied. Similar plasma concentration profiles of zolmitriptan and its metabolite, 183C91, were observed in adults and adolescents. A 1‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and first‐order elimination reasonably described the zolmitriptan PK. With a portion of elimination of zolmitriptan being treated as the conversion from zolmitriptan to 183C91, the disposition of 183C91 was described by a 1‐compartment model with first‐order elimination. The estimated typical apparent volume of distribution and clearance of zolmitriptan were 136 L and 121 L/h, respectively, with 56.5% and 42.6% between‐subject variability, respectively. Based on the simulation results with the final population PK model, a body weight–based dosing scheme of 5.0 and 2.5 mg ZNS in children greater than and less than 50 kg is recommended to achieve exposures similar to those of the adult and adolescent population administered 5.0 mg ZNS. The recommended doses for children to achieve exposure similar to that observed in adults given 2.5 mg ZNS are 2.5 mg (≥50 kg) and 1.0 mg (15–50 kg). These dosing regimens could be used in future clinical trials.
Hybrid chloroperoxidase‐magnetic nanoparticle clusters: effect of functionalization on biocatalyst performance
Authors: Masdeu Gerard , Kralj Slavko , Pajk Stane , López‐Santín Josep , Makovec Darko , Álvaro Gregorio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHybrid enzyme–nanoparticle complexes, obtained by enzyme immobilization onto superparamagnetic particles, display unique properties for use as biocatalysts. A novel methodology for the immobilization of chloroperoxidase (CPO) onto magnetic nanoparticle clusters (mNC) is presented. Chloroperoxidase catalyzes alcohol oxidations using peroxides, and it has recently been shown to recognize β‐amino alcohols as substrates, although high required peroxide concentration led to poor CPO stability.RESULTSmNC retains the superparamagnetic properties of the single nanoparticle plus an increased magnetic moment, necessary for effective magnetic recovery. Different functional groups have been introduced on the silica layer that covers mNC. The linkage enzyme–support has been intended through different reactive groups on the CPO surface. The selected biocatalyst (95% yield, 63% retained activity), obtained by prior enzyme oxidation followed by coupling to the amino groups on the mNC surface, has been compared with soluble CPO in the model reaction (N‐Cbz‐3‐aminopropanol oxidation) with significantly higher substrate conversion due to 4‐fold increased enzyme stability.CONCLUSIONSFunctionalized mNC has demonstrated to be efficient for the preparation of hybrid enzyme‐mNC biocatalysts. The systematic study of chloroperoxidase immobilization onto mNC led to several useful biocatalysts. The described methodology could easily be extended to many other enzymes in the preparation of efficient and reusable biocatalysts. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonochemical oxidation of piroxicam drug: effect of key operating parameters and degradation pathways
Authors: Lianou Athina , Frontistis Zacharias , Chatzisymeon Efthalia , Antonopoulou Maria , Konstantinou Ioannis , Mantzavinos Dionissios 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDPiroxicam (PRX) is a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to relieve pain and swelling of conditions like arthritis. PRX has been extensively detected in seawater, surface, and sewage waters worldwide and therefore its efficient treatment is an issue of emerging concern. In this work, the sonochemical degradation of PRX was investigated.RESULTSAll experiments were conducted at constant ultrasound frequency of 20 kHz while the following range of experimental conditions was investigated: initial PRX concentration 320–960 µg L‐1, ultrasound power density 20–60 W L‐1, temperature 20–60 °C, reaction time up to 60 min. The effect of different water matrices, namely surface water (SW), bottled water (BW), ultrapure water (UPW) and humic acid (HA) aqueous solution on process efficiency was also explored. It was found that PRX degradation reached 96% after only 10 min of treatment under the best conditions (i.e. [PRX]0 = 320 mg L‐1, 20 °C, 36 W L‐1) assayed. Power density could positively affect PRX degradation. Nevertheless, PRX degradation decreased when its initial concentration and the temperature of the bulk liquid was increased. PRX degradation was found to decrease, in different water matrices, in the order: UPW > 5 mg L‐1 HA > BW > 10 mg L‐1 HA > SW. High resolution mass spectrometry analysis revealed that 14 transformation by‐products (TBPs) were formed and subsequently degraded during treatment while the PRX degradation pathways were also elucidated.CONCLUSIONAt the optimal operating conditions assayed, PRX was efficiently degraded after about 10 min of sonochemical oxidation, thus rendering it a promising technology for the treatment of xenobiotics. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Succinic acid production from cheese whey by biofilms of Actinobacillus succinogenes: packed bed bioreactor tests
Authors: Longanesi Luca , Frascari Dario , Spagni Cecilia , DeWever Heleen , Pinelli Davide 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDSuccinic acid (SA) biotechnological production represents a promising alternative to the fossil‐fuel based chemical production route. The goal of this study was to develop a SA production process conducted with biofilms of Actinobacillus succinogenes and fed with cheese whey, a lactose‐rich by‐product of the cheese‐making processes.RESULTSThe screening between five commercial biofilm carriers, based on a statistical analysis of the process rates and yields, led to the selection of Glaxstone®, a sintered glass porous material. The attached‐cell performances obtained when SA production was fed with cheese whey or with pure lactose were equivalent. The feasibility of a repeated batch process of SA production by biofilms of A. succinogenes was demonstrated in a Glaxstone®‐filled 1 L packed bed bioreactor, and an effective sequence of biofilm growth and SA production phases was identified. A SA productivity of 0.72 gSA L‐1packed bed h‐1, a SA specific production rate of 0.18 gSA gprotein‐1 h‐1 and a biofilm concentration of about 4 g L‐1packed bed were obtained.CONCLUSIONSSA bioproduction under biofilm conditions from organic by‐products such as cheese whey is a feasible and promising process. This work represents the first attempt to develop a biofilm‐based process of SA bioproduction from cheese whey. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Cluster analysis of pharmacists’ work attitudes
Authors: Nakagomi Keiichi , Hayashi Yukikazu , Komiyama Takako 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundFew studies in Japan use clustering to examine the work attitudes of pharmacists. This study conducts an exploratory analysis to classify those attitudes based on previous studies to help staff pharmacists and their management to understand their mutually beneficial requirements.MethodsSurvey data collected in previous studies from 1 228 community pharmacists and 419 hospital pharmacists were analyzed using Quantification Theory 3 and clustering.ResultsAmong community pharmacists, two clusters, namely 30‐ to 34‐year‐old married males and married males aged over 35 years, reported the highest job satisfaction, intending to remain in their jobs for 5 years or more or until retirement. Conversely, one cluster of 35‐ to 39‐year‐old single females reported the lowest job satisfaction and intended to remain for less than 5 years or were undecided. Among hospital pharmacists, one cluster of 22‐ to 25‐year‐old single males reported the highest job satisfaction and intended to remain for more than 5 years. Conversely, one cluster of 30‐ to 34‐year‐old married males reported the lowest job satisfaction and a period of working undetermined.ConclusionsThis study used clustering to explore how pharmacists of different ages, marital statuses, and experience felt regarding their work. Job satisfaction and human relationships are significant in considering future work plans of practicing pharmacists. Pharmacy staff, supervisors, and managers of community or hospital pharmacies must recognize features of pharmacists’ work attitudes for offering high‐quality service to patients.
Correlation analysis of the HLA‐DPB1*05:01 and BTNL2 genes within the histocompatibility complex region with a clinical phenotype of psoriasis vulgaris in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Guo Huimin , Huang Yong , Wu Juan , Zheng Xiaodong , Ye Lei , Huang Hequn , Wang Wenjun , Zhen Qi , Wu Jing , Qian Wenjun , Cheng Hui , Fan Xing , Zhang Xuejun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is known to be highly polymorphic and has been identified to be associated with numerous diseases. The HLA‐DPB1 and BTNL2 genes were associated with psoriasis for the first time. The present study aims to investigate the relevance of the HLA‐DPB1 and BTNL2 genes with respect to clinical phenotypes of psoriasis vulgaris (PV).MethodsTo investigate whether the HLA‐DPB1 and BTNL2 polymorphisms were associated with clinical phenotypes of PV in Chinese Han population, we conducted an analysis in case–controls and case‐only subjects (9906 controls and 8744 cases) via MHC targeted sequencing stratified analysis.ResultsIn cases and controls, analysis showed that the genotype of HLA‐DPB1*05:01 was associated with type of guttate [p = 3.914 × 10−2, odds ratio (OR = 0.9335)] and northern region (p = 1.182 × 10−3, OR = 0.9108). In the case‐only analysis, the genotype of HLA‐DPB1*05:01 was significantly correlated with geographical region (p = 1.36 × 10−3, OR = 1.134). In cases and controls, analysis showed that the genotype of BTNL2 (rs 41355746) was associated with being male (p = 2.563 × 10−2, OR = 0.8897), early‐onset (p = 9.399 × 10−3, OR = 0.8856), guttate (p = 2.469 × 10−2, OR = 0.8558) and family history (p = 1.51 × 10−4, OR = 0.772). In the case‐only analysis, the genotype of BTNL2 (rs41355746) was significantly correlated with family history (p = 1.768 × 10−3, OR = 0.757) and age of onset (p = 3.818 × 10−2, OR = 1.195).ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate that the HLA‐DPB1*05:01 gene was associated with the geographical region of PV and the BTNL2 gene was significantly associated with family history and age of onset of PV. In conclusion, the HLA‐DPB1*05:01 and BTNL2 genes might be responsible for the complicacy of clinical features.
Static beam tomotherapy as an optimisation method in whole‐breast radiation therapy (WBRT)
Authors: Squires Matthew , Hu Yunfei , Byrne Mikel , Archibald‐Heeren Ben , Cheers Sonja , Bosco Bruno , Teh Amy , Fong Andrew 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionTomoTherapy (Accuray, Sunnyvale, CA) has recently introduced a static form of tomotherapy: TomoDirect™ (TD). This study aimed to evaluate TD against a contemporary intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) alternative through comparison of target and organ at risk (OAR) doses in breast cancer cases. A secondary objective was to evaluate planning efficiency by measuring optimisation times.MethodsTreatment plans of 27 whole‐breast radiation therapy (WBRT) patients optimised with a tangential hybrid IMRT technique were replanned using TD. Parameters included a dynamic field width of 2.5 cm, a pitch of 0.251 and a modulation factor of 2.000; 50 Gy in 25 fractions was prescribed and planning time recorded. The planning metrics used in analysis were ICRU based, with the mean PTV minimum (D99) used as the point of comparison.ResultsBoth modalities met ICRU50 target heterogeneity objectives (TD D99 = 48.0 Gy vs. IMRT = 48.1 Gy, P = 0.26; TD D1 = 53.5 Gy vs. IMRT = 53.0 Gy, P = 0.02; Homogeneity index TD = 0.11 vs. IMRT = 0.10, P = 0.03), with TD plans generating higher median doses (TD D50 = 51.1 Gy vs. IMRT = 50.9 Gy, P = 0.03). No significant difference was found in prescription dose coverage (TD V50 = 85.5% vs. IMRT = 82.0%, P = 0.09). TD plans produced a statistically significant reduction in V5 ipsilateral lung doses (TD V5 = 23.2% vs. IMRT = 27.2%, P = 0.04), while other queried OARs remained comparable (TD ipsilateral lung V20 = 13.2% vs. IMRT = 14.6%, P = 0.30; TD heart V5 = 2.7% vs. IMRT = 2.8%, P = 0.47; TD heart V10 = 1.7% vs. IMRT = 1.8%, P = 0.44). TD reduced planning time considerably (TD = 9.8 m vs. IMRT = 27.6 m, P < 0.01), saving an average planning time of 17.8 min per patient.ConclusionsTD represents a suitable WBRT treatment approach both in terms of plan quality metrics and planning efficiency.
Modulating inflammation and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Yong Heather , Chartier Gabrielle , Quandt Jacqueline 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder of the central nervous system with a presentation and disease course that is largely unpredictable. MS can cause loss of balance, impaired vision or speech, weakness and paralysis, fatigue, depression, and cognitive impairment. Immunomodulation is a major target given the appearance of focal demyelinating lesions in myelin‐rich white matter, yet progression and an increasing appreciation for gray matter involvement, even during the earliest phases of the disease, highlights the need to afford neuroprotection and limit neurodegenerative processes that correlate with disability. This review summarizes key aspects of MS pathophysiology and histopathology with a focus on neuroimmune interactions in MS, which may facilitate neurodegeneration through both direct and indirect mechanisms. There is a focus on processes thought to influence disease progression and the role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in MS. The goals and efficacy of current disease‐modifying therapies and those in the pipeline are discussed, highlighting recent advances in our understanding of pathways mediating disease progression to identify and translate both immunomodulatory and neuroprotective therapeutics from the bench to the clinic.
New by‐products rich in bioactive substances from the olive oil mill processing
Authors: Romero Concepción , Medina Eduardo , Mateo Maria Antonia , Brenes Manuel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDOlive oil extraction generates a large amount of residue consisting mainly of the pomace and leaves when using a two‐phase centrifugation system. The aim of this study was to assess the content of phenolic and triterpene compounds in the by‐products produced in Spanish olive oil mills.RESULTSOlive pomace had concentrations of phenolic and triterpene substances lower than 2 and 3 g kg−1, respectively. The leaves contained a high concentration of these substances, although those collected from ground‐picked olives had lost most of their phenolic compounds. Moreover, the sediment from the bottom of the olive oil storage tanks did not have a significant amount of these substances. By contrast, a new by‐product called olive pomace skin has been revealed as a very rich source of triterpenic acids, the content of which can reach up to 120 g kg−1 in this waste product, maslinic acid comprising around 70% of total triterpenics.CONCLUSIONAmong the by‐products generated during extraction of olive oil, olive pomace skin has been discovered to be a very rich source of triterpenic acids, which can reach up to 120 g kg−1 of the waste. These results will contribute to the valorization of olive oil by‐products. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
High hydrostatic pressure processing affects the phenolic profile, preserves sensory attributes and ensures microbial quality of jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) juice
Authors: Inada Kim OP , Torres Alexandre G , Perrone Daniel , Monteiro Mariana 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDJabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) is a Brazilian fruit rich in phenolic compounds and much appreciated for its sweet and slightly tangy taste. However, the high perishability of this fruit impairs its economic exploitation, creating an opportunity for the development of innovative products, such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processed juices. We investigated the effect of HHP (200, 350 and 500 MPa for 5, 7.5 and 10 min) on phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and microbiological quality of jabuticaba juice and the effect of the most effective HHP condition on its sensory acceptance.RESULTSPressurization increased total phenolic compound content (up to 38%) and antioxidant activity by FRAP assay (up to 46%), probably by increasing phenolic compound extractability due to tissue damage. Pressurization progressively decreased microbial counts, and colony growth was undetectable at pressures of 350 MPa or 500 MPa. With the exception of aroma, which was 10% lower in pressurized juice at 350 MPa for 7.5 min in relation to unprocessed juice, HHP did not affect sensory acceptance scores.CONCLUSIONOur results show that HHP was effective in ensuring microbiological quality, increasing bioactive potential and maintaining overall acceptance of jabuticaba juice, reinforcing the potential application of this processing technology in bioactive‐rich foods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Transfer of ochratoxin A from raw black tea to tea infusions prepared according to the Turkish tradition
Authors: Toman Jakub , Malir Frantisek , Ostry Vladimir , Kilic Mehmet Akif , Roubal Tomas , Grosse Yann , Pfohl‐Leszkowicz Annie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDOchratoxin A (OTA) is a natural contaminant of food including tea with multiple toxic effects, which poses a threat to human health. In terms of lifestyle, the Turkish population is a frequent visitor of tearooms, and the traditional Turkish tea preparation is one of the most popular ways of preparing tea infusion.RESULTSThe aim of this study was to investigate OTA transfer from raw black tea to the tea infusion prepared according to the Turkish tradition. A high‐performance liquid chromatography method with a limit of quantification of 0.35 ng g−1 was used for OTA determination. The OTA amount in raw black teas from Turkey ranged from ≤0.35 ng g−1 up to 56.7 ng g−1. An homogenised sample of black tea naturally contaminated with 55.0 ng g−1 was used to prepare infusions. The OTA transfer from the black tea to the infusion was found to be 41.5% ± 7%.CONCLUSIONThese data are important for the realisation of a ‘Total Diet study’ (TDS). The TDS can be a complementary tool to estimate the population dietary exposure to OTA across the entire diet by analysing main foods prepared ‘as consumed’ (tea infusions) and not ‘as purchased’ (raw tea). © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of a daily three‐meal pattern with different dietary protein contents on pig growth performance, carcass and muscle quality traits
Authors: Wu Xin , Xie Chunyan , Long Cimin , Li Jun , Zhou Xihong , Fan Zhiyong , Blachier Francois , Yin Yulong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent research related to phase‐feeding programmes for pig nutrition do not always account for the variation among individuals, and feeds are usually formulated to optimise the performance of the whole pig population. This study aimed at measuring the effects of a daily three‐meal pattern with different dietary protein contents on pig growth performance, carcass and muscle quality traits.RESULTSThe results showed that compared with the 3C treatment, average daily gain (ADG) of pigs in the HCL treatment increased by 14.75% (P < 0.05) during period 1. The carcass weight (P = 0.006) and slaughter weight (P = 0.021) in the HCL group increased when compared with those in the 3C and LCH treatments. Moreover, the LCH feeding sequences contributed to reduce the drip loss in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle (P < 0.05) when compared with the 3C treatment. The HCL or LCH feeding sequence contributed to increase the meat quality when compared with those receiving the 3C treatment.CONCLUSIONCollectively, our results indicate that feeding high protein meal in the morning and a gradual reduction of the protein content in meals over the day may improve muscle quality characteristics, maximise performance, and reduce the pig feed cost. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry