bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eutypella parasitica naturalised in Bohemian and Polish Silesia
Authors: Černý K. , Hrabětová M. , Svobodová I. , Mrázková M. , Kowalski T. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIn 2015 and 2016, the North American maple tree pathogen Eutypella parasitica was identified in Bohemian and Polish Silesia. To date, the pathogen has been recorded in 35 locations over an area of approximately 400 km2. It has been found primarily in natural stands in Silesia in several types of ravine and alluvial forests, in other natural or commercial forests, in riparian stands and in open landscapes. The proportion of diseased maples ranged between approximately 1% and 50% in certain locations. Acer pseudoplatanus was confirmed as the main host but infections were also detected on A. platanoides and A. campestre. E. parasitica damages the most valuable sycamore timber and represents a clear risk for maple cultivation in the region.
The chemistry, function and (patho)physiology of stratum corneum barrier ceramides
Authors: Moore D. J. , Rawlings A. V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractResearch on understanding of the chemistry, function and (patho)physiology of stratum corneum (SC) lipids and especially ceramides has evolved over the last two decades. This has been made successful through the application of separation techniques that have become increasingly more sophisticated, and it has become increasingly evident that our understanding of these molecules remains in its infancy. Thirteen classes of ceramides with over 300 and possibly up to 1000 distinct ceramide species have been identified suggesting an exquisitely subtle relationship between the types of ceramides and physical and chemical behaviour. Nevertheless, research has demonstrated the importance of the correct SC lipid lamellar architecture with conformationally‐ordered lipid bilayers, the presence of long‐chain ceramides, as either free or covalently bound lipids, greater quantities of phytosphingosine‐containing ceramides and a high SC lipid/protein ratio is essential for optimal barrier function. These features are known to change in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Clearly, there is more to be learned but as we further decipher the complexity of SC lipids and understand their individual roles in the SC, we will learn how to better treat the disorders of cornification.
Odontoclastogenesis of mouse papilla‐derived MDPC‐23 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Li C. , Qi W. T. , Jiang H. W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate the role of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the odontoclast differentiation of MDPC‐23 cells. It was hypothesized that MDPC‐23 odontoblast‐like cells may function as odontoclasts under the influence of LPS.MethodologyMDPC‐23 cells were cultured in the presence of 0.1 or 1 μg mL−1 LPS for 6 days. Cell viability was determined using the CCK8 assay. TRAP staining, dentine resorption assay and ROS detection by confocal laser scanning microscope were used to test the odontoclast‐like function of the induced cells. In additional, the related protein expression was confirmed by Western blotting and ELISA. An unpaired Student's t‐test and one‐way anova were used in statistical analysis.ResultsTRAP‐positive cells, which are multinucleated, on the dentine slice were significantly increased in 1 μg mL−1 LPS‐induced cells (P < 0.05). Osteoclast‐specific proteins such as TRAP cathepsin K and Rac1 were upregulated in the 1 μg mL−1 LPS‐treated cells (P < 0.05), whilst the expression of marker proteins of the RANKL‐RANK signalling pathway (RANKL, RANK and TRAF6) in the induced cells was not significantly changed (P > 0.05). ROS production was observed in the 1 μg mL−1 LPS treatment group (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed in the level of RANKL in the cell supernatant between the LPS‐treated group and the control group (P > 0.05).ConclusionsA known value of 1 μg mL−1 LPS might induce odontoblast‐like MDPC‐23 cells to generate odontoclast‐like cells or to function as odontoclasts. The data might provide a new explanation for the precursors of odontoclasts and root resorption.
The role of pain catastrophizing as a mediator in the work disability process following acute low back pain
Authors: Besen Elyssa , Gaines Brittany , Linton Steven J. , Shaw William S. 
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to assess pain catastrophizing as a mediator in the relationships between pain and recovery expectations with work limitations and functional disability in a working population experiencing acute low back pain (LBP). Workers (n = 241) with acute, work‐relatedLBPcompleted measures of pain and injury at medical intake and then the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) shortly after the initial intake visit. At 3‐months follow‐up, measures of work limitations and functional disability were administered. Structural equation modeling was used to assess whether thePCSmediated longitudinal associations between pain and recovery expectations with perceived disability and work limitations. ThePCSscore completely mediated the relationship between initial pain intensity and 3‐month perceptions of disability (40% explained) and work limitations (29% explained). ThePCSalso completely mediated the longitudinal relationship between pain recovery expectations and 3‐month disability (50% explained) and work limitations (40% explained). Effective clinical management during this acute phase ofLBPmight be improved by incorporating early interventions to reduce catastrophizing in cases where pain catastrophizing may be especially problematic.
Diversity in warning coloration is easily recognized by avian predators
Authors: Arenas L. M. , Stevens M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWarning coloration is a widespread strategy to alert predators about prey unprofitability. The success of this strategy partly depends on predators being able to learn and recognize certain signals as indicators of toxicity, and theory predicts that this is easier if signals converge on similar colours. However, the diversity in warning signal form is astonishing, contradicting predictions. Here, we quantified ladybird signal diversity with respect to avian vision, measuring how unique and discernible each signal is from one another. In addition, we measured signal conspicuousness against a series of backgrounds, namely an average green, average brown, and where we collected each species, to determine whether signals are more contrasting against the ladybirds’ local substrates than compared to average ones. This allowed us to establish whether there are local adaptations in conspicuousness that promote signal diversity. We found that while ladybird signals are unique and recognizable, specialist species are more contrasting against the background they are most commonly found on. However, overall our study suggests that warning signals have evolved to be effective against a wide range of natural backgrounds, partly explaining the success of this strategy in nature.
Bearing Witness: Testimony in Latin American Anthropology and Related Fields
Authors: Stephen Lynn 
Published: March 2017

ResumenEl testimonio oral es un vehículo importante para ampliar el análisis antropológico: se abre y amplía quien legítimamente habla y se escucha en una sociedad. El testimonio es también un componente crucial en la producción de saberes y en la construcción del archivo histórico. En este artículo se refleja en el testimonio en relación a puntos que se tejen juntos cómo el testimonio sirve para construir nuevos conocimientos y modelos analíticos: testimonio y sus roles en la alfabetización indígena a través del tiempo; la trayectoria del testimonio de la narrativa heroica individuo a narrativas de colaboración / colectivos; el género, el testimonio y la resistencia a la lógica del sistema de género colonial / moderno; y el poder del testimonio de influir en la percepción de la historia y los acontecimientos; la antropología y la movilización de testimonio en el testimonio de expertos.
The clinical applicability of a daily summary of patients’ self‐reported postoperative pain—A repeated measure analysis
Authors: Wikström Lotta , Eriksson Kerstin , Fridlund Bengt , Nilsson Mats , Årestedt Kristofer , Broström Anders 
Published: March 2017

Aim and objectives(i) To determine whether a central tendency, median, based on patients’ self‐rated pain is a clinically applicable daily measure to show patients’ postoperative pain on the first day after major surgery (ii) and to determine the number of self‐ratings required for the calculation of this measure.BackgroundPerioperative pain traits in medical records are difficult to overview. The clinical applicability of a daily documented summarising measure of patients’ self‐rated pain scores is little explored.DesignA repeated measure design was carried out at three Swedish country hospitals.MethodsAssociations between the measures were analysed with nonparametric statistical methods; systematic and individual group changes were analysed separately. Measure I: pain scores at rest and activity postoperative day 1; measure II: retrospective average pain from postoperative day 1.ResultsThe sample consisted of 190 general surgery patients and 289 orthopaedic surgery patients with a mean age of 65; 56% were men. Forty‐four percent had a pre‐operative daily intake of analgesia, and 77% used postoperative opioids. A range of 4‒9 pain scores seem to be eligible for the calculation of the daily measures of pain. Rank correlations for individual median scores, based on four ratings, vs. retrospective self‐rated average pain, were moderate and strengthened with increased numbers of ratings. A systematic group change towards a higher level of reported retrospective pain was significant.ConclusionsThe median values were clinically applicable daily measures. The risk of obtaining a higher value than was recalled by patients seemed to be low. Applicability increased with increased frequency of self‐rated pain scores and with high‐quality pain assessments.Relevance to clinical practiceThe documenting of daily median pain scores at rest and during activity could constitute the basis for obtaining patients’ experiences by showing their pain severity trajectories. The measures could also be an important key to predicting postoperative health‐related consequences.
Home care services for sick children: Healthcare professionals’ conceptions of challenges and facilitators
Authors: Castor Charlotte , Hallström Inger , Hansson Helena , Landgren Kajsa 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore healthcare professionals’ conceptions of caring for sick children in home care services.BackgroundFamilies often prefer home care to hospital care, and the number of home care services for children is increasing. Caring for children at home has been recognised as challenging for healthcare professionals in home care services used to providing care predominately for adults.DesignAn inductive qualitative design.MethodSeven focus group interviews were performed with 36 healthcare professionals from multidisciplinary home care services. Data were analysed stepwise using a phenomenographic analysis.ResultsThree description categories emerged: “A challenging opportunity”, “A child perspective”, and “Re‐organise in accordance with new prerequisites.” Providing home care services for children was conceived to evoke both professional and personal challenges such as feelings of inadequacy and fear and professional growth such as increased competence and satisfaction. Conceptions of whether the home or the hospital was the best place for care differed. Adapting to the child's care was conceived as important. Cooperation with paediatric departments and a well‐functioning team work were important organisational aspects.ConclusionProviding home care for children was a challenging but rewarding task for healthcare professionals used to care for adults. To provide care with a child perspective was experienced as important even though there were conflicting conceptions of how this should be done. Close cooperation with paediatric departments and teamwork were prerequisites that make up for the low number of paediatric patients and facilitate confidence and competence.Relevance to clinical practiceA sufficient number of referred children and enabling healthcare professionals to be part of the re‐organising and implementation processes might facilitate the home care services for sick children. Enough time and good teamwork must be emphasised. Early referrals, continuous cooperation with paediatric clinics complemented with individualised support when a child is referred is desirable.
Implementing guidelines for preventing, identifying and treating adolescent overweight and obesity—School nurses’ perceptions of the challenges involved
Authors: Helseth Sølvi , Riiser Kirsti , Holmberg Fagerlund Bettina , Misvær Nina , Glavin Kari 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo gain a better understanding of school nurses’ perceptions of the challenges involved in implementing national guidelines on managing overweight and obesity in adolescents.BackgroundNational guidelines for the management of childhood overweight and obesity are developed in many countries to translate scientific knowledge into practice. However, several challenges are involved in their implementation.Design and methodsA qualitative design with focus group interviews was chosen for data collection. Six focus group interviews with 21 school nurses were conducted. Data were analysed by qualitative content analyses.ResultsNational guidelines provided new directions for managing overweight and obesity in school health services. School nurses were assigned new tasks and responsibilities, which they felt they were not sufficiently prepared for, nor were they supported by extra resources. Challenges in implementation of the guidelines were identified at various levels: system level (implementation strategy, available resources, training and support, professional collaboration, referral options); individual school nurse level (perceived competence, burden of responsibility, attitudes and emotions); subject level (sensitivity of weight‐related issues); and professional level (scepticism to a body mass index cut‐off of 25 kg/m2 as the starting point for intervention).ConclusionsSchool nurses felt overwhelmed in terms of implementing the guidelines. This indicates barriers not being sufficiently identified or acted upon during implementation. Further, the nurses’ scepticism about the body mass index cut‐off for intervention, and their experience that measuring and follow‐up of adolescents’ weight development was their responsibility alone, indicates that important discussions are needed on this as an adequate measure as well as on the professional division of responsibilities.Relevance to clinical practiceHaving a proper strategy for implementation, and ensuring that necessary clinical structures and resources are available, is crucial. Including school nurses in developing and implementing such strategies is vital for success in implementing national guidelines.
Complications of peripherally inserted central catheters in advanced cancer patients undergoing combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Authors: Xie Jun , Xu Linjie , Xu Xiaomin , Huang Yunjuan 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo identify whether patients with advanced cancers were at high risk of peripherall"y inserted central catheter‐related complications when treated with concurrent chemo‐radiotherapy.BackgroundPeripherally inserted central catheters are widely used in chemotherapy. However, catheter usage may elevate the risks of infections and thrombosis. It is important to identify the patients with high risk of peripherally inserted central catheter‐related complications. To date, little is known about peripherally inserted central catheter‐related complications in patients with advanced cancers and receiving concurrent chemo‐radiotherapy.DesignFive hundred and sixty‐nine cancer patients with advanced cancers and treated by chemo‐radiotherapy were analysed in the study. The incidences of peripherally inserted central catheter‐related complications were investigated.MethodsUnivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed for identification of risk factors.ResultsEighty‐six (15.1%) patients exhibited peripherally inserted central catheter‐related infectious complications, of which 6.3% were local infection, 3.9% were catheter‐related bloodstream infection and 4.9% were exit‐site infection. Sixty‐five (11.4%) developed symptomatic peripherally inserted central catheter‐related thrombosis, and 52 (9.1%) were suffering from phlebitis. The overall complication rate was 53.1%. The univariable logistic regression and multivariate analysis showed that comorbidity (OR 1.51, p = .0148) and body mass index (OR 1.46, p = .0157), and duration of radio‐chemotherapy (OR 1.4733, p = .0049) were significantly associated with peripherally inserted central catheter‐related complications. Patients with peripherally inserted central catheter‐related complications showed lower 5‐year survival rate than those without peripherally inserted central catheter‐related complications.ConclusionsIdentification of risk factors for peripherally inserted central catheter‐related complications in patients with advanced cancer before catheter usage may play an important role in improvement of the prognosis.Relevance to clinical practiceDoctors need to be aware of the risk of peripherally inserted central catheter‐related complications in patients with advanced cancers.
Growing up with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus—A life not expected
Authors: Williams Elaine Fay , Ferrer Kathleen , Lee Marlene A. , Bright Kimberly , Williams Keetra , Rakhmanina Natella Y. 
Published: March 2017

Aim and ObjectivesTo describe the lived experience of young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (PaHIV).BackgroundWith the advancement of the highly active antiretroviral treatment, PaHIV infection has transformed into a chronic lifelong illness that is faced by young adults who grew up with HIV. The known challenges that are associated with HIV are poverty, stigma and social and emotional isolation.DesignThis was a qualitative single‐interview study of a convenience sample of PaHIV‐infected young adults receiving care at a large metropolitan pediatric hospital.MethodsThe participants had individual face‐to‐face interviews which were audio‐taped and transcribed verbatim. Themes were developed to describe their living space, and Max Van Manen's lifeworld guide was used to describe their lived experience.FindingsSeventeen participants (eight males/nine females) were enrolled. Four major themes emerged: (i) limited social capital, especially when orphaned participants reflected on a life void of parental guidance; (ii) incomplete education and unemployment, participants described an idle existence; (iii) a harsh life, described as participants facing difficulties meeting their life's milestones; (iv) unanticipated adult issues, where participants described their limited ability to care for themselves and their children. Van Manen lifeworld themes also described the space they occupied, their memories growing up with PaHIV, their health care and relationships.ConclusionOur study provides a valuable insight into the social and emotional difficulties faced by youth with PaHIV. The findings underscore the importance of extensive support and coordination of services between adult and pediatric providers to optimize long‐term outcomes among young adults with PaHIV.Relevance to clinical practiceThe young adults with PaHIV require close attention and support from the healthcare providers, who can offer them a safe space to discuss lived experiences and support their ability to achieve full lives.
Activities of daily living trajectories among institutionalised older adults: A prospective study
Authors: Kuo Huai‐Ting , Lin Kuan‐Chia , Lan Chung‐Fu , Li I‐Chuan 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo examine activities of daily living trajectory groups among older residents in Taiwan, and to determine the relative risks of demographic characteristics and health status in explaining the trajectory group of activities of daily living.BackgroundActivity of daily living is a crucial indicator of health status for institutionalised older adults. activities of daily living is a dynamic process and has differences in trajectory groups.DesignThis study was a 3‐year longitudinal analysis of long‐term care facility residents in Taiwan.MethodsA total of 364 older residents completed the entire research process. We used group‐based trajectory modelling and multinomial logistic models for statistical analysis.ResultsThe result of this study revealed that three activities of daily living trajectory groups among older residents exhibited high dependency with gradually declining function (Group 1, 22.53%), low dependency with gradually declining function (Group 2, 43.13%) and persistent independent function (Group 3, 34.34%). Compared with Group 3, Group 1 was related to the following potential risk factors: older age, female, nonmainland China born and a married status. After considering resident health status in the analysis, three significant factors emerged for Group 1: the number of chronic diseases (odds ratio = 2.45), depressive symptoms (odds ratio = 1.71) and cognitive status (odds ratio = 83.11). Compared with Group 3, Group 2 was related to older age. After adding resident health status to the analysis, two significant factors of Group 2 emerged: the number of chronic diseases (odds ratio = 1.68) and depressive symptoms (odds ratio = 1.74).ConclusionThe findings of this study indicated that health factors, including the number of chronic diseases, cognitive status and depressive symptoms, were more likely to contribute to the development of a decline pattern of activities of daily living.Relevance to clinical practiceAppropriate exercise programmes and physical activities, according to residents’ personal characteristics and activities of daily living status, is crucial for improving physical functioning, alleviating depression and cognitive defects in institutionalised older adults.
Expanded Newborn Screening Program in Saudi Arabia: Incidence of screened disorders
Authors: Alfadhel Majid , Al Othaim Ali , Al Saif Saif , Al Mutairi Fuad , Alsayed Moeenaldeen , Rahbeeni Zuhair , Alzaidan Hamad , Alowain Mohammed , Al‐Hassnan Zuhair , Saeedi Mohamad , Aljohery Saeed , Alasmari Ali , Faqeih Eissa , Alwakeel Mansour , AlMashary Maher , Almohameed Sulaiman , Alzahrani Mohammed , Migdad Abeer , Al‐Dirbashi Osama Y , Rashed Mohamed , Alamoudi Mohamed , Jacob Minnie , Alahaidib Lujane , El‐Badaoui Fahd , Saadallah Amal , Alsulaiman Ayman , Eyaid Wafaa , Al‐Odaib Ali 
Published: March 2017

AimTo address the implementation of the National Newborn Screening Program (NBS) in Saudi Arabia and stratify the incidence of the screened disorders.MethodsA retrospective study conducted between 1 August 2005 and 31 December 2012, total of 775 000 newborns were screened from 139 hospitals distributed among all regions of Saudi Arabia. The NBS Program screens for 16 disorders from a selective list of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and endocrine disorders. Heel prick dry blood spot samples were obtained from all newborns for biochemical and immunoassay testing. Recall screening testing was performed for Initial positive results and confirmed by specific biochemical assays.ResultsA total of 743 cases were identified giving an overall incidence of 1:1043. Frequently detected disorders nationwide were congenital hypothyroidism and congenital adrenal hyperplasia with an incidence of 1:7175 and 1:7908 correspondingly. The highest incidence among the IEM was propionic acidaemia with an incidence rate of 1:14 000.ConclusionThe article highlights the experience of the NBS Program in Saudi Arabia and providing data on specific regional incidences of all the screened disorders included in the programme; and showed that the incidence of these disorders is one of the highest reported so far world‐wide.