bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasal flora in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Rajasekaran Valli , B. V. Sharath Kumar , Sriraman Gurumani 
Published: September 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Allergic rhinitis is a common cause for recurrent rhinosinusitis. The microbiology in allergic nasal mucosa has not been much documented. The aim of the study is to identify the microbes in the middle meatus in patients with allergic rhinitis and to compare with the normal nasal flora. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A cross sectional study was conducted in our institute to study the nasal microbial pattern in 50 patients with allergic rhinitis and was compared with 50 normal healthy nasal flora. Nasal swabs were taken from middle meatus under endoscopic guidance in both the groups and sent for microbial analysis. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Organisms like <em>Klebsiella</em>, <em>E.coli</em>, and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> were predominant isolates in patients with allergic rhinitis, whereas Staph epidermidis were predominant in controls. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This alteration in microbial flora could possibly explain recurrent sinonasal infections in patients with allergic rhinitis.</span></p>
Neutralidade científica: aspectos éticos na obtenção de resultados
Authors: Duarte da Costa Aznar Fabio , Rodrigues de Freitas Adriana , Maurício Capelari Marcos , Duarte da Costa Aznar Fabiano , De Carvalho Sales-Peres Silvia Helena , Sales-Peres Arsenio 
Published: September 2017

La neutralidad en relación con la comunidad científica y publicación de resultados es esencial, en vista de que toda teoría aplicada en las diversas áreas del conocimiento es generada por investigaciones científicas. La manipulación o falsificación de resultados es una de las prácticas más condenables, ya que difunde datos falsos o incorrectos. Este estudio evaluó si la producción científica y la obtención de resultados estuvieron pautadas en la ética y en el principio de neutralidad, a través de una revisión integradora de la literatura. Los resultados demostraron que en el 100 % de los trabajos seleccionados existe mala conducta científica, y que esta ha aumentado significativamente en todo el mundo, siendo difícil su identificación. Los motivos más comunes para la falsificación de datos fueron la búsqueda de reconocimiento y la competencia en el medio académico. Por lo tanto, una conducta responsable y ética de sociedades y comités científicos, y editores de periódicos se torna imprescindible en la credibilidad de los resultados encontrados en las investigaciones científicas.
A geografia vai ao cinema
Authors: Queiroz Filho Antônio Carlos 
Published: September 2017

Este artigo refere-se a um recorte adaptado da tese de doutorado do autor, que teve como argumento principal a ideia de que a experiência de ver filmes no mundo contemporâneo é uma experiência geográfica. A ideia central foi a de mostrar como essa dimensão espacial fílmica se configura e de como o cinema, via narrativa de imagem e som, cria, por alusão ou verossimilhança, uma geografia de cinema.
O ideal sanitário e de beleza contido nos estatutos de 1912 da Câmara Municipal da Villa Divinópolis
Authors: Corgozinho Batistina Maria de Sousa 
Published: September 2017

Estudo sobre aspectos da política sanitarista anunciada no documento “Estatutos da Câmara Municipal da Villa Divinópolis contendo também o seu Regimento Interno”, aprovado em 20 de novembro de 1912, momento de organização da vida urbana nessa cidade do centro-oeste mineiro para ser aplicado buscando a aquisição de uma cultura urbana pelos seus habitantes.
Políticas educacionais e mídia no Brasil: apontamentos sobre o quadro atual
Authors: Zanchetta Juvenal 
Published: September 2017

Este artigo descreve algumas das principais estratégias políticas voltadas para a relação entre a escola e a mídia no país. Destacam-se ações realizadas pela própria mídia na sua relação com a educação formal; as proposições sobre o assunto encontradas nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs); as orientações encontradas nos documentos sobre Gestão Escolar; e algumas das iniciativas concretas realizadas pelos organismos de governo. O quadro permite observar a distância havida entre as iniciativas gestadas dentro do campo escolar (envolvendo programas curriculares, programas de gestão e a ação de organismos de governo ligados à área da educação formal) e as propostas externas àquele campo.
"A Língua das Mariposas": Narrativa cinematográfica e educação - interpretações e reflexões
Authors: Geribello Wagner José 
Published: September 2017

A presente reflexão apresenta algumas sugestões de caminhos interpretativos da narrativa cinematográfica, focadas na produção espanhola "A Língua das Mariposas", dirigida por José Luis Cuerda. As propostas interpretativas são desdobramentos daquelas apresentadas pelo autor em sua tese de doutorado, “A guerra nos filmes e nos jornais: estudo comparativo de narrativas cinematográficas e jornalísticas sobre guerra”. A idéia central é demonstrar que determinado viés de leitura e interpretação do filme pode levar o espectador a refletir sobre alguns aspectos da educação escolar e da relação entre professor e aluno. Ambientado na Galícia, nas primeiras décadas do século passado, o filme é considerado um libelo sobre a Guerra Civil Espanhola (análises críticas observadas no sítio The Internet Movie Database – IMDB). O estudo considera esse aspecto da obra de Cuerda, mas procura orientar mais enfaticamente os comentários e reflexões para as relações entre a personagem principal, um escolar e seu professor de primeiras letras, no ambiente de agitação social e instabilidade política que precedem a fase de combates da Guerra Civil.
Os antigos cafés do Recife: a sociabilidade na capital pernambucana (1920–1937)
Authors: Moura Carlos André Silva de 
Published: September 2017

As memórias são instrumentos fundamentais para a produção historiográfica. Desde as biografias, os diários e os depoimentos, percebemos o quanto as fontes têm contribuído com as discussões sobre as diversas temáticas, demonstrando especificidades que não podem ser vistas em outras formas de documentação. É a partir de tal abordagem que analisaremos alguns cafés e bares do Recife como espaços de sociabilidade nas primeiras décadas do século XX, observando os debates sobre o cotidiano, suas avaliações políticas e culturais, a divulgação de notícias, as festas e as transformações do espaço citadino.
O coletivo do eu: memória e educação das sensibilidades na experiência estética com a arte pública
Authors: Furtado Rita Márcia Magalhães 
Published: September 2017

A arte presente nos espaços públicos da cidade é uma das possibilidades de interlocução do cidadão com o coletivo, com o subjetivo e/ou com o singular e apresenta-se como uma forma de atribuir sentido, evocar as potencialidades da memória e estabelecer novos diálogos. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho objetiva uma reflexão sobre as relações existentes entre os conceitos de experiência estética, educação das sensibilidades e arte pública, mediada pela compreensão do conceito de memória. A fenomenologia apresenta-se como modo mais efetivo de analisar a intersecção dos conceitos propostos.
Generated interior ideals of semigroups in terms of fuzzy subset
Authors: Vijay Peter Selvaraj , Manikantan Thiagarajan 
Published: September 2017

Mo and Wang, in 1995, defined and studied the notion of fuzzy interior ideal generated by a fuzzy subset in a semigroup with unity. In this paper, we study the concept of fuzzy interior ideal generated by a fuzzy subset in a semigroup. Our study does not require the existence of unit element. We provide an expression for generated fuzzy interior ideal in terms of interior ideals generated by the level subsets of the given fuzzy subset. Further, we study the homomorphic image and homomorphic pre-image of generated fuzzy interior ideal in a semigroup.
Rototillage, Disking, and Subsequent Irrigation
Authors: Calderón Francisco J. , Jackson Louise E. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTSpring and summer tillage are usually followed by irrigation before planting crops in California's summer‐dry Mediterranean‐type climate. Tillage treatments such as rototillage or disking are known to disturb the soil structure to different extents, but little is known about how the intensity of a tillage event and subsequent irrigation affect the microbial biomass, respiration, CO2efflux, and mineral N of agricultural soils. We carried out an experiment with a Yolo silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Mollic Xerofluvent) with two tilled treatments (rototillage and disked and rolled) and a nontilled control. The soil was subsequently sampled throughout a 17‐d period. Nine days after tillage, all treatments were lightly sprinkler‐irrigated to bring the soil water potential above −10 kPa. After tillage, the soil ammonium and nitrate content increased rapidly relative to the control with highest increases in the disked soil. Mineral N remained higher in the tilled treatments after irrigation. Rototillage and disking increased the CO2efflux of the soil within 24 h of the disturbance. The increase was higher in the disked soil, which was more than three times the CO2efflux of the control soil at 0.25 h after tillage. This effect may be due to degassing of dissolved CO2since microbial respiration did not increase in tilled soils. Irrigation increased the CO2efflux of all treatments but this was most pronounced in the control soil, which had an order of magnitude increase in CO2efflux after irrigation. An ancillary experiment carried out under similar conditions but with more frequent sampling showed that increases in CO2efflux after irrigation were accompanied by increases in soil respiration. This study shows that different tillage implements affect CO2efflux, nitrate accumulation, and microbial activity, and thus have different effects on soil and atmospheric environmental quality.
Effects of Dissolved Organic Carbon on Sorption and Mobility of Imidacloprid in Soil
Authors: Flores‐Céspedes F. , González‐Pradas E. , Fernández‐Pérez M. , Villafranca‐Sánchez M. , Socías‐Viciana M. , Ureña‐Amate M.D. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the effects of dissolved organic carbon on sorption and mobility of the insecticide imidacloprid [1‐(6‐chloro‐3‐pyridinyl) methyl‐N‐nitro‐2‐imidazolidinimine] in soils, adsorption and column experiments were performed by using a typical calcareous soil from southeastern Spain and two different types of dissolved organic carbon, that is, dissolved organic carbon extracts from a commercial peat (DOC‐PE) and high‐purity tannic acid (DOC‐TA). The experiments were carried out from a 0.01MCaCl2aqueous medium at 25°C. The results obtained from the sorption experiments show that the presence of both DOC‐PE and DOC‐TA, over a concentration range of 15 to 100 mg L−1, produces in all cases a decreasing amount of imidacloprid adsorbed in the soil studied. From the column experiments the retardation coefficients (RC) were calculated for imidacloprid by using either 0.01MCaCl2aqueous solution (RC = 2.10), 0.01MCaCl2DOC‐PE solution (RC = 1.65), or 0.01MCaCl2DOC‐TA solution (RC = 1.87). The results indicate that mobility of imidacloprid is increased 21.4 and 11.0% in the presence of DOC‐PE and DOC‐TA solutions, respectively. Dissolved organic carbon reduces imidacloprid sorption by competing with the pesticide molecules for sorption sites on the soil surface, allowing enhanced leaching of imidacloprid and potentially increasing ground water contamination.
Quantitative, Chemical, and Mineralogical Characterization of Flue Gas Desulfurization By‐Products
Authors: Laperche Valérie , Bigham Jerry M. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to demonstrate that simple fractionation and selective dissolution techniques can be used to provide detailed chemical and mineralogical analyses of flue gas desulfurization by‐products. The material studied was a mine grout prepared as a 1:1 mixture (wt./wt.) of fly ash (FA) and filter cake (FC) with hydrated lime (50 g kg−1) added to improve handling. The hydrated lime was composed mostly of calcite (CaCO3), portlandite [Ca(OH)2], lime (CaO), and brucite [Mg(OH)2] (515, 321, 55, and 35 g kg−1, respectively) and had low (<6 g kg−1) concentrations of most trace elements. The FC contained hannebachite (CaSO3·0.5H2O) (786 g kg−1) with smaller quantities (<10 g kg−1) of calcite, quartz (SiO2), brucite, and gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O). Except for B and Cu, trace element concentrations were comparable to those in the hydrated lime. The FA contained both magnetic (222 g kg−1) and nonmagnetic (778 g kg−1) fractions. The former was composed mostly of hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and glass (272, 293, and 287 g kg−1, respectively), whereas the latter was enriched in glass, quartz, and mullite (Al6Si2O13) (515, 243, and 140 g kg−1, respectively). Etching with 1% HF showed that 60 to 100% of trace elements were concentrated in the glass, although some metals (Co, Cr, and Mn) were clearly enriched in the magnetic phase. The aged grout contained 147 g kg−1ettringite [Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O] in addition to 314 g kg−1hannebachite and 537 g kg−1insoluble phases (mullite, quartz, hematite, magnetite, and glass).
Five decades of warming: impacts on snow cover in Norway
Authors: Rizzi Jonathan , Nilsen Irene Brox , Stagge James Howard , Gisnås Kjersti , Tallaksen Lena M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Northern latitudes are experiencing faster warming than other regions in the world, which is partly explained by the snow albedo feedback. In Norway, mean temperatures have been increasing since the 1990s, with 2014 being the warmest year on record, 2.2 °C above normal (1961–1990). At the same time, a concurrent reduction in the land area covered by snow has been reported. In this study, we present a detailed spatial and temporal (monthly and seasonal) analysis of trends and changes in snow indices based on a high resolution (1 km) gridded hydro-meteorological dataset for Norway (seNorge). During the period 1961–2010, snow cover extent (SCE) was found to decrease, notably at the end of the snow season, with a corresponding decrease in snow water equivalent except at high elevations. SCE for all Norway decreased by more than 20,000 km2 (6% of the land area) between the periods 1961–1990 and 1981–2010, mainly north of 63° N. Overall, air temperature increased in all seasons, with the highest increase in spring (particularly in April) and winter. Mean monthly air temperatures were significantly correlated with the monthly SCE, suggesting a positive land–atmosphere feedback enhancing warming in winter and spring.
Model Pengelolaan Ternak di Sekitar Hutan Gunung Mutis dan Dampaknya terhadap Kelestarian Hutan
Authors: Kurniadi Rahman , Purnomo Herry , Wijayanto Nurheni , Fuah Asnath Maria 
Published: September 2017

Penelitian ini mengkaji kelayakan finansial dan dampak dari model pengelolaan ternak yang ditemukan di sekitar hutan Gunung Mutis di Pulau Timor. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terhadap 40 masyarakat sekitar hutan. Terdapat dua model pengelolaan ternak yang ditemukan di sekitar hutan. Model pertama adalah model pemeliharaan ternak di dalam kandang dan model kedua adalah model penggembalaan ternak di hutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua model layak secara finansial. Namun demikian, jika menggunakan biaya tenaga kerja komersial, model pemeliharaan ternak di dalam kandang secara finansial tidak layak untuk dilakukan, sedangkan model penggembalaan di hutan layak secara finansial. Model pengelolaan ternak di dalam hutan berdampak negatif terhadap regenerasi pohon sedangkan model pemeliharaan ternak di dalam kandang tidak berdampak negatif terhadap kelestarian hutan. Dari hasil penelitian disarankan agar pemerintah membatasi areal untuk penggembalaan ternak di hutan.Kata kunci: kelayakan finansial; model silvopasture; Mutis; penggembalaan ternak hutan; Timor Livestock Management Models Around Mt. Mutis Forest and Its Impact on Forest SustainabilityAbstractThe study examined the financial feasibility and impacts of livestock management models found around Mt. Mutis forest in Timor Island of Indonesia. Data was collected through interviewing 40 communities around the forest. There were two livestock management models around the forest, the first model was livestock management which raise livestock in the cattle pen, and the second model was livestock management which graze livestock in the forest. This study found that both livestock management models were financially feasible. However, if commercial cost of workers was counted, the livestock management model which raise livestock in the cattle pen was financially not feasible while livestock management model which graze livestock in the forest was financially feasible. Livestock management model which graze livestock in the forest however had negative impacts on the regeneration of trees. On the basis of this study, it is suggested that the government should limit the forest area that could be used for forest grazing.
Keragaman Fenotipik Buah dan Daya Perkecambahan Benih Swietenia macrophylla King. dari Beberapa Populasi di Indonesia
Authors: - Mashudi , Adinugraha Hamdan Adma , Setiadi Dedi , Susanto Mudji 
Published: September 2017

Mahoni daun lebar (Swietenia macrophylla King) merupakan salah satu jenis yang banyak dikembangkan pada hutan tanaman maupun hutan rakyat. Meskipun jenis ini bukan jenis asli Indonesia tapi dilaporkan memiliki keragaman genetik yang tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui variasi morfologi buah dan benih S. macrophylla serta daya perkecambahannya dari beberapa populasi di Jawa dan Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan asal populasi dan pohon induk sebagai perlakuan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan adanya variasi antar populasi dan pohon induk pada karakter berat buah, panjang buah, diameter buah, jumlah biji dalam satu buah serta daya berkecambahnya kecuali jumlah benih per kilogram. Rerata berat buah setiap populasi berkisar antara 275-385 g, panjang buah 12-15 cm, diameter buah 7-9 cm, jumlah biji per buah 59-64 butir, dan daya berkecambah 44-96%. Rerata berat buah per pohon induk berkisar antara 153-490 g, panjang buah 10-20 cm, diameter buah 6-10 cm, dan jumlah biji per buah 52-69 butir. Fenotipik buah S. macrophylla beragam antar populasi dengan daya erkecambah benih terbaik ditunjukkan oleh populasi Lombok Tengah dan Banjar sebesar 86-96%.Kata kunci: daya berkecambah; keragaman fenotipik; morfologi buah; Swietenia macrophylla Variation of Fruits Phenotipic and Seeds Germination of Swietenia macrophylla King. Taken from Several Populations in IndonesiaAbstractBroad leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) is one of popular species developed in the state forest plantations and smallholder forest. Although it is not native in Indonesia, but the species has high genetic diversity. This study was conducted to determine the morphological variation of fruits, seeds, and also seeds germination of broad leaf mahogany from several populations in Java and West Nusa Tenggara. The research was arranged in completely randomized design with native populations and parent trees as treatments. The results showed significant variations between the populations and parent trees on fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of seeds in the fruit, and seeds germination rate except the number of seeds per kilogram. The average per population of fruit weight ranged from 275 to 385 g, fruit lengths from 12 to 15 cm, fruit diameter from 7 to 9 cm, the number of seeds per fruit 59 to 64 grains and 44 - 96 % of seeds germination rate. The average per parent trees of fruit weight ranged from 153 to 490 g, fruit lengths from 10 to 20 cm, fruit diameter from 6 to 10 cm, and the number of seeds per fruit 52 to 69 grains. Fruit phenotipic of S. macrophylla varies between populations with the best seed germination indicated by the populations of Central Lombok, Bantul and Banjar amounted to 86-96%.
Is Chronic Dialysis the Right Hard Renal End Point To Evaluate Renoprotective Drug Effects?
Authors: Weldegiorgis Misghina , de Zeeuw Dick , Dwyer Jamie P. , Mol Peter , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. 
Published: September 2017

Background and objectives
RRT and doubling of serum creatinine are considered the objective hard end points in nephrology intervention trials. Because both are assumed to reflect changes in the filtration capacity of the kidney, drug effects, if present, are attributed to kidney protection. However, decisions to start RRT are not only on the basis of filtration capacity of the kidney, but also on other factors. We therefore compared the time to RRT with the time to a fixed eGFR threshold and assessed the effect of the renoprotective drug irbesartan on both components.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Post hoc analysis of two clinical trials, the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial (IDNT) and Reduction of End points in Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan Trial, in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. The time to a predefined eGFR level of 11 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (eGFR11), calculated by within-patient linear regression, was compared with the time to RRT or sustained serum creatinine ≥6 mg/dl.

Results
A large difference was observed in the median time to RRT (779 days) compared with eGFR11 (678 days; P=0.01). We also observed a large variation in the difference between the time to RRT and eGFR11. In IDNT, the hazard ratio for the effect of irbesartan on the serum creatinine ≥6.0 mg/dl end point was 0.60 (95% confidence interval, 0.39 to 0.91; P=0.02), whereas it was smaller for the RRT end point (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 1.07; P=0.12).

Conclusions
This study shows a difference in the time to RRT and a fixed eGFR threshold, and shows that the effect of an angiotensin receptor blocker on a filtration-based end point versus RRT varies. This implies that evaluating renoprotective effects of drugs with a combined RRT and doubling of serum creatinine end point may result in evaluating other effects beyond renoprotection alone. Future trials should consider registering all parameters that lead to RRT decisions.
Reflexões sobre intervenções arquitetônicas contemporâneas em ruínas
Authors: Baeta Rodrigo Espinha , Nery Juliana Cardoso 
Published: September 2017

Apesar de a ruina ser um estado de degradação do edifício ou do espaço urbano no qual não e mais possível a apreciação de sua condição artística preexistente, muitas vezes o processo de arruinamento acaba gerando uma nova obra de arte mais interessante que a própria massa edificada “original”. Ha mais de duzentos anos, desde o Século XVIII, a cultura do Romantismo já havia intuído o valor estético pitoresco e sublime das ruinas, especialmente quando lançadas em um ambiente natural, selvagem — não urbano. Contudo, nos últimos anos, muitas ações contemporâneas tem comprometido fatalmente o equilíbrio da ruina com o sitio onde está inserida. Se algumas vezes os órgãos de proteção do patrimônio insistem na reconstrução de objetos arquitetônicos ou urbanos arruinados, outras vezes arquitetos promovem verdadeiras deturpações da percepção original dos sítios, utilizando a construção degradada como ocasião para gerar uma nova obra arquitetônica fundada no conflito entre o aspecto preexistente e uma imagem artística totalmente inovadora. Não obstante, frequentemente, o resultado e fascinante, criando um destaque que o monumento pode nunca ter tido antes, e qualificando a intervenção como referência paradigmática para a arquitetura contemporânea. PALAVRAS‑CHAVE: Patrimônio edificado. Projeto de intervenção. Ruina.