bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds in Low‐Molecular‐Weight Polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Kozlowska Mariana , Goclon Jakub , Rodziewicz Pawel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe used static DFT calculations to analyze, in detail, the intramolecular hydrogen bonds formed in low‐molecular‐weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) with two to five repeat subunits. Both red‐shifted O−H⋅⋅⋅O and blue‐shifting C−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds, which control the structural flexibility of PEG, were detected. To estimate the strength of these hydrogen bonds, the quantum theory of atoms in molecules was used. Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations were used to mimic the structural rearrangements and hydrogen‐bond breaking/formation in the PEG molecule at 300 K. The time evolution of the H⋅⋅⋅O bond length and valence angles of the formed hydrogen bonds were fully analyzed. The characteristic hydrogen‐bonding patterns of low‐molecular‐weight PEG were described with an estimation of their lifetime. The theoretical results obtained, in particular the presence of weak C−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds, could serve as an explanation of the PEG structural stability in the experimental investigation.
Prospects of Colloidal Copper Chalcogenide Nanocrystals
Authors: van der Stam Ward , Berends Anne C. , de Mello Donega Celso 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Ward van der Stam, Anne C. Berends, and Celso de Mello Donega (Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University). The image shows the possible synthetic pathways that can be followed to produce high‐quality Cu chalcogenide nanocrystals, either through direct synthesis or cation exchange protocols, and their potential applications. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/cphc.201500976.
Analysis and implementation of a high step‐up converter for fuel cell power‐generation systems
Authors: Tseng Kuo‐Ching , Kang Jia‐Huei , Tsai Ming‐Han , Cheng Chun‐An 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a high step‐up converter, which utilizes a three‐winding coupled inductor and a rectified voltage‐doubler circuit to obtain high step‐up gain for fuel cells. The proposed converter functions as an active‐clamp circuit, which relieves large voltage spikes across the power switches. Thus, power switches with low‐voltage‐rated can be utilized to reduce conduction losses and circuit cost. Energy stored in leakage inductances of the coupled inductor is recycled to the output terminal, resulting in efficiency improvements. In addition, the coupled inductor in the presented converter can also have extra windings in order to achieve higher voltage gain. Finally, a prototype circuit with an input voltage of 60 V and an output voltage of 380 V is developed for a 1000 W‐rated fuel cell power‐generation system to validate its performance, and experimental waveforms and measured efficiency under different input voltages and output power level are demonstrated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New use for an old reagent: Cell cycle analysis of DNA content using flow cytometry in formamide treated cells
Authors: Carbonari Maurizio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFormamide has long been one of the most widely used reagents in the study of nucleic acids. However, the use of formamide for treating cells to be analyzed by flow cytometry is a recent development and is restricted to measuring telomere lengths by flow‐FISH. In this field, we have published several papers in order to observe the effects of formamide treatment on cells at room temperature. We therefore discovered that, with suitable modifications, a short and simple incubation in this ionizing solvent facilitates cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry, equivalent or superior to that obtained with treatments in alcohol, acetone or detergent in hypotonic solution. Even using a bulky and problematic stain (low quantum efficiency and G‐C base preference), such as 7‐aminoactinomycin D (7‐AAD) which, on the other hand, has the advantage of being excited at 488 nm and does not bind to the RNA, it is possible to obtain excellent coefficients of variation and (G2–M) mode/(G0–G1) mode ratios. These parameters, especially if stained cells are washed before acquisition, arrive at optimal values. It is noteworthy that the ability to wash the cells stained for DNA content analysis without affecting the stoichiometry of the staining has not been described elsewhere in the literature. With formamide treatment the doublets are practically absent, sample recovery is efficient, as well as the preservation of physical parameters, and the stained cells can be stored for at least 10 days at room temperature before acquisition. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Effect of α‐Hederin on IL‐2 and IL‐17 mRNA and miRNA‐133a Levels in Lungs of Ovalbumin‐Sensitized Male Rats
Authors: Ebrahimi Hadi , Fallahi Maryam , Khamaneh Amir Mahdi , Ebrahimi Saadatlou Mohammad Ali , Saadat Saeideh , Keyhanmanesh Rana 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

α‐hederin, a saponin that is a major constituent of English Ivy (Hedera helix) is effective in the treatment of asthma. In the present study, the effect of α‐hederin on lung tissue pathology and the levels of the inflammatory mediators; IL‐2 mRNA, IL‐17 mRNA, and MicroRNAs (miRNA)‐133a was evaluated in a rat ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized model of asthma. Rats were divided randomly into control (C), OVA‐sensitized (S), OVA‐sensitized pretreated with the antioxidant, thymoquinone (3 mg/kg, S + TQ) or OVA‐sensitized pretreated with α‐hederin (0.02 mg/kg, S + AH) groups. Levels of IL‐2 and IL‐17 mRNA were higher in the OVA‐sensitized group than controls while the level of miRNA‐133a gene expression was lower. IL‐2 mRNA and miRNA‐133a gene expression in the S + TQ group was higher than in the control and OVA‐sensitized groups while the level of IL‐17 mRNA in the S + TQ group was lower than in the OVA‐sensitized group. Pretreatment with α‐hederin decreased IL‐17 mRNA levels and increased miRNA‐133a gene expression compared with OVA‐sensitized animals. All pathological changes in pretreated groups were lower than the OVA‐sensitized group. These results showed a beneficial effect of α‐hederin in OVA‐sensitized rats, suggesting that α‐hederin affects the IL‐2 and IL‐17 secretion pathways, altering miRNA‐133a expression. Drug Dev Res 77:87–93, 2016.   © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel subset of enteric neurons revealed by ptf1a:GFP in the developing zebrafish enteric nervous system
Authors: Uribe Rosa A. , Gu Tiffany , Bronner Marianne E. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe enteric nervous system, the largest division of the peripheral nervous system, is derived from vagal neural crest cells that invade and populate the entire length of the gut to form diverse neuronal subtypes. Here, we identify a novel population of neurons within the enteric nervous system of zebrafish larvae that express the transgenic marker ptf1a:GFP within the midgut. Genetic lineage analysis reveals that enteric ptf1a:GFP+ cells are derived from the neural crest and that most ptf1a:GFP+ neurons express the neurotransmitter 5HT, demonstrating that they are serotonergic. This transgenic line, Tg(ptf1a:GFP), provides a novel neuronal marker for a subpopulation of neurons within the enteric nervous system, and highlights the possibility that Ptf1a may act as an important transcription factor for enteric neuron development. genesis 54:123–128, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐Dimensional Electrocatalysts for Sustainable Water Splitting Reactions
Authors: Zhao Hui , Zhu Yun‐Pei , Yuan Zhong‐Yong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDevelopment of catalysts with high activity and durability is essential for the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of water splitting. Three‐dimensional catalysts have large surface areas and good mechanical and antipoisoning properties and can directly act as working electrodes; these are especially important factors from the point of view of practical applications. Here we review recent significant progress in the field of three‐dimensional catalysts for water splitting. Various three‐dimensional catalysts that can be applied in electrocatalytic water splitting are presented. The fabricating methods, electrocatalytic performances, and the catalytic mechanisms of these catalysts are introduced. Lastly, the major challenges in this particular field and their prospective solutions are also discussed.
How remembering less acts of gratitude can make one feel more grateful and satisfied with close relationships: The role of ease of recall
Authors: Puente‐Diaz Rogelio , Cavazos‐Arroyo Judith 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTwo studies were conducted to examine the influence of ease of recall on state gratitude and satisfaction with close relationships among college students from Mexico. Participants were randomly assigned to remembering and writing down two versus six acts for which they should be grateful. Participants then completed a battery of questionnaires measuring state gratitude, negative affect, satisfaction with close relationships, ease of recall and trait gratitude and extroversion (for Study 2 only). Results from both studies showed that recalling two acts was perceived as easier than recalling six acts. This experience of ease of recall had a positive influence on state gratitude, even after controlling for the effects of trait gratitude and extroversion, which then had positive relationship with satisfaction with close relationships.
Reassuring sex: Can sexual desire and intimacy reduce relationship‐specific attachment insecurities?
Authors: Mizrahi Moran , Hirschberger Gilad , Mikulincer Mario , Szepsenwol Ohad , Birnbaum Gurit E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPast research has shown that attachment orientations shape sexual processes within relationships. Yet, little has been done to explore the opposite direction. In the present research, we examined whether sexual desire and emotional intimacy reduce attachment insecurities over time in emerging relationships. In an 8‐month longitudinal study, we followed 62 newly dating couples across three measurement waves. At Time 1, romantic partners discussed sexual aspects of their relationship and judges coded their displays of sexual desire and intimacy. Participants also completed measures of relationship‐specific attachment anxiety and avoidance in each wave. The results indicated that men's displays of desire predicted a decline in their own and their partner's relationship‐specific insecurities. Conversely, women's displays of desire inhibited the decline in their partner's relationship‐specific insecurities, whereas women's displays of intimacy predicted a decline in their partner's relationship‐specific insecurities. These findings suggest that different sex‐related processes underlie attachment formation in men and women.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Layered, Double‐Hydroxide‐Based Materials and Their Applications in Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Yan Kai , Wu Guosheng , Jin Wei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) consist of brucite‐like layers containing hydroxides of two or more different kinds of metal cations. These positively charged layers are neutralized by exchangeable anions in the interlayer galleries. LDH‐based materials have substantial potential in efficient energy (e.g., H2, O2) generation. Over the last few decades, tremendous progress has been made toward developing LDH‐based materials for H2 and O2 evolution, for which the performance of LDH‐based materials is closely related to the synthesis method. This minireview initially outlines the recent advances in the synthesis of LDH‐based materials. The advantages and challenges of the protocols in tuning the properties of the material are also discussed and highlighted. The application section concentrates on the most recent progress in photocatalytic H2 generation and photocatalytic and electrocatalytic O2 evolution. By taking advantage of the flexible tunability and uniform distribution of metal cations in the brucite‐like layers or the intercalated anions in the interlayer space, LDH‐based materials exhibit attractive properties in the generation of H2 and O2 with advantages such as improved light absorption, enhanced charge separation, better electron transfer, promoted electrode reaction kinetics, and high durability.
Adaptive multi‐rate interface: development and experimental verification for real‐time hybrid simulation
Authors: Maghareh Amin , Waldbjørn Jacob P. , Dyke Shirley J. , Prakash Arun , Ozdagli Ali I. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryReal‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is a powerful cyber‐physical technique that is a relatively cost‐effective method to perform global/local system evaluation of structural systems. A major factor that determines the ability of an RTHS to represent true system‐level behavior is the fidelity of the numerical substructure. While the use of higher‐order models increases fidelity of the simulation, it also increases the demand for computational resources. Because RTHS is executed at real‐time, in a conventional RTHS configuration, this increase in computational resources may limit the achievable sampling frequencies and/or introduce delays that can degrade its stability and performance. In this study, the Adaptive Multi‐rate Interface rate‐transitioning and compensation technique is developed to enable the use of more complex numerical models. Such a multi‐rate RTHS is strictly executed at real‐time, although it employs different time steps in the numerical and the physical substructures while including rate‐transitioning to link the components appropriately. Typically, a higher‐order numerical substructure model is solved at larger time intervals, and is coupled with a physical substructure that is driven at smaller time intervals for actuator control purposes. Through a series of simulations, the performance of the AMRI and several existing approaches for multi‐rate RTHS is compared. It is noted that compared with existing methods, AMRI leads to a smaller error, especially at higher ratios of sampling frequency between the numerical and physical substructures and for input signals with high‐frequency content. Further, it does not induce signal chattering at the coupling frequency. The effectiveness of AMRI is also verified experimentally. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the stabilization of unphysical pressure oscillations in MPS method simulations
Authors: Sanchez‐Mondragon J. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn this paper, pressure stability through the suppression of high‐frequency pressure oscillations in the moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) method is presented. To obtain a stable pressure field, we improve the free‐surface particle search algorithm. Pressure stability follows from the suppression of high‐frequency pressure oscillations due to a correction in the Laplacian operator of the Poisson pressure equation and from the correction of the pressure gradient operator. The three proposed modifications are applied gradually and compared with the MPS method to show the improvements in the hydrostatic pressure and dam‐breaking problems. To validate the suppression of the high‐frequency numerical pressure oscillations, modified MPS methods with and without a removable wall are compared with published dam‐breaking experiment pressure measurements. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel aerogel sodium‐based sorbent for low temperature CO2 capture
Authors: Yu Fan , Wu Ye , Zhang Wenjing , Cai Tianyi , Xu Yuhao , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe object of this research is to develop a novel sodium‐based solid sorbent with amine modification for low temperature CO2 capture in coal‐fired power plants. The new sorbent (NaN) was synthesized with Na2CO3, 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) through sol‐gel method, and then dried with three different methods: conventional drying (CD), organic solvent sublimation drying (OSSD), and supercritical fluid drying (SCFD). The CO2 sorption capacity of NaN was evaluated using a fixed‐bed reactor under various conditions including the temperature and moisture concentration of the flue gas. Results demonstrated that the optimized SCFD‐NaN with APTES:Na2CO3:TEOS mole ratio of 1:1:1 reached the highest CO2 sorption capacity of 2.51 mmol/g under the best experimental conditions (50°C, H2O/CO2 = 1:1). Moreover, the NaN sorbent was regenerable and stable during the 10 cyclic operations. Thus, the SCFD‐NaN sorbent is a promising composite sorbent for CO2 capture. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Combined toxicity of heavy metal mixtures in liver cells
Authors: Lin Xialu , Gu Yuanliang , Zhou Qi , Mao Guochuan , Zou Baobo , Zhao Jinshun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWith rapid industrialization, China is now facing great challenges in heavy metal contamination in the environment. Human exposure to heavy metals through air, water and food commonly involves a mixture consisting of multiple heavy metals. In this study, eight common heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni) that cause environmental contamination were selected to investigate the combined toxicity of different heavy metal mixtures in HL7702 cells. Toxicity (24 h LC50) of each individual metal on the cells ranked Hg > Cr = Cd > Cu > Zn > Ni > Mn > Pb; toxicity of the different mixtures ranked: M5 > M3PbHgCd > M5+Mn > M5+Cu > M2CdNi > M4A > M8‐Mn > M8 > M5+Zn > M4B > M8‐Cr > M8‐Zn > M8‐Cu > M8‐Pb > M8‐Cd > M8‐Hg > M8‐Ni > M3PbHgNi > M3CuZnMn. The cytotoxicity data of individual metals were successfully used to build the additive models of two‐ to eight‐component metal mixtures. The comparison between additive model and combination model or partly additive model was useful to evaluate the combined effects in mixture. Synergistic, antagonistic or additive effects of the toxicity were observed in different mixtures. These results suggest that the combined effects should be considered in the risk assessment of heavy metal co‐exposure, and more comprehensive investigations on the combined effects of different heavy metal mixtures are needed in the future. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety Concerns Surrounding Quinolone Use in Children
Authors: Patel Karisma , Goldman Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFluoroquinolones are highly effective antibiotics with many desirable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties including high bioavailability, large volume of distribution, and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Despite their attractive profile as anti‐infective agents, their use in children is limited, primarily due to safety concerns. In this review we highlight the pharmacological properties of fluoroquinolones and describe their current use in pediatrics. In addition, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the safety data associated with fluoroquinolone use in children. Although permanent or destructive arthropathy remains a significant concern, currently available data demonstrate that arthralgia and arthropathy are relatively uncommon in children and resolve following cessation of fluoroquinolone exposure without resulting in long‐term sequelae. The concern for safety and risk of adverse events associated with pediatric fluoroquinolone use is likely driving the limited prescribing of this drug class in pediatrics. However, in adults, fluoroquinolones are the most commonly prescribed broad‐spectrum antibiotics, resulting in the development of drug‐resistant bacteria that can be challenging to treat effectively. The consequence of misuse and overuse of fluoroquinolones leading to drug resistance is a greater, but frequently overlooked, safety concern that applies to both children and adults and one that should be considered at the point of prescribing.
Race‐Specific Pharmacodynamic Model of Propofol‐Induced Loss of Consciousness
Authors: Lampotang Samsun , Lizdas David E. , Derendorf Hartmut , Gravenstein Nikolaus , Lok Benjamin , Quarles John P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present a race‐specific model of propofol‐induced loss of consciousness that is based on pharmacodynamic data collected and adapted from the peer‐reviewed literature. In the proposed race‐specific model that includes EC05 and EC95 concentrations, the median (EC50) (and where available 95%CI) propofol concentrations at the effect site compartment for propofol‐induced loss of consciousness for whites, Chinese, blacks, and Indians are 2.8 (2.7‐2.9), 2.2 (2.2‐2.3), 2.0, and 1.9 μg/mL, respectively.
Racial disparities in esophageal cancer survival after surgery
Authors: Taioli Emanuela , Wolf Andrea S. , Camacho‐Rivera Marlene , Kaufman Andrew , Lee Dong‐Seok , Bhora Faiz , Flores Raja M. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesEsophageal cancer (EC) black patients have higher mortality rates than Whites. The lower rate of surgery in Blacks may explain the survival difference. We explored the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database to determine the impact of surgery on mortality in Blacks and Whites EC.MethodsAll cases of pathologically proven local and locoregional adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus from 1973 to 2011 were identified (13,678 White, 2,894 Black patients). Cervical esophageal cancer was excluded. Age, sex, diagnosis year, stage, cancer‐directed surgery, radiation, and vital status were analyzed according to self‐reported race.ResultsBlacks had higher 1‐year mortality, adjusted for age, sex, stage, year of diagnosis, histology, and therapy [adjusted hazard ratio (HRadj): 1.24 (95% CI 1.16–1.32)]. Undergoing surgery was an independent predictor of improved survival overall (HRadj 0.30, 95% CI 0.27–0.33). Black patients treated surgically experienced significantly lower survival than Whites, but the difference was not observed in those who did not undergo surgery.ConclusionsAlthough surgery appears to reduce mortality overall, early survival is worse for Blacks. Investigation into racial disparities in health care access and delivery, and to skilled esophageal surgeons is warranted to improve survival for all patients, particularly Blacks. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:659–664. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biphasic Oxidation of cis‐Diaquabis(1,10‐phenanthroline)chromium(III) by N‐Bromosuccinimide and the Formation of Chromium(IV) and Chromium(V)
Authors: Eljack Nasma D. , Sulfab Yousif 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe oxidation of cis‐diaquabis(1,10‐phenanthroline)chromium(III) [cis‐CrIII(phen)2(H2O)2]3+ by ‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) to yield cis‐dioxobis(1,10‐phenanthroline)chromium(V) has been studied spectrophotometrically in the pH 1.57–3.56 and 5.68–6.68 ranges at 25.0°C. The reaction displayed biphasic kinetics at pH < 4.0 and a simple first order at the pH > 5.0. In the low pH range, the reaction proceeds by two successive steps; the first faster step corresponds to the oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(IV), and the second slower one corresponds to the oxidation of Cr(IV) to Cr(V), the final product of the reaction. The formation of both Cr(IV) and Cr(V) has been detected by electron spin resonance (ESR). The ESR clearly showed the formation and decay of Cr(IV) as well as the formation of Cr(V). Each oxidation process exhibited a first‐order dependence on the initial [Cr(III)]. The pseudo–first‐order rate constants k34 and k45, for the faster and slower steps, respectively, were obtained by a computer program using Origin7.0. Both rate constants showed first‐order dependence on [NBS] and increased with increasing pH.