bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial genomes of Macropsini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae): Structural features, codon usage patterns, and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Guo Meishu , Wang JiaJia , Li Hu , Yu Kai , Yang Yanqiong , Li Min , Smagghe Guy , Dai RenHuai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMacropsini is a tribe of Eurymelinae in the family Cicadellidae that is widely distributed worldwide. Still, its taxonomic status has been unstable, and the classification of certain clades at the genus level has been controversial. The aim of this study is to address the patterns and processes that explain the structure and the evolution of the mitogenomes of Macropsini, while contributing to the resolution of systematic issues involving five of their genera. To this task, the mitogenomes of 26 species of the tribe were sequenced and characterized, and their phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed. The results revealed that the nucleotide composition of mitochondrial genes in these 26 species was significantly skewed toward A and T. Codons ending with T or A in relative synonymous codon usage were significantly more prevalent than those ending with C or G. The parity plot, neutrality plot, and correspondence analysis revealed that mutation and selective pressure affect codon usage patterns. In the phylogenetic relationships of the Macropsini, the monophyly of Pedionis and Macropsis was well‐supported. Meanwhile, Oncopsis revealed paraphyletic regarding Pediopsoides. In conclusion, this research not only contributes the valuable data to the understanding of the mitogenome of the Macropsini but also provides a reference for future investigations on codon usage patterns, potential adaptive evolution, and the phylogeny of the mitogenome within the subfamily Eurymelinae.
Synergistic effects of climate and urbanisation on the diet of a globally near threatened subtropical falcon
Authors: Foysal Mohammod , Panter Connor T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how human activities affect wildlife is fundamental for global biodiversity conservation. Ongoing land use change and human‐induced climate change, compel species to adapt their behaviour in response to shifts in their natural environments. Such responses include changes to a species' diet or trophic ecology, with implications for the wider ecosystem. This is particularly the case for predatory species or those that occupy high positions within trophic webs, such as raptors. Between 2002 and 2019, we observed 1578 feeding events of the globally near threatened and understudied, Red‐necked Falcon (Falco chicquera) in Bangladesh. We explored the effects of mean monthly temperature, precipitation, temperature differences, and urban land cover on (a) mean prey weights and (b) dietary composition of 15 falcon pairs. Falcons hunted smaller prey items during months with increased temperatures and precipitation, and in more urban areas. However, during months with increased temperature differences, falcons tended to prey on larger prey items. Being specialist aerial hunters, these dietary patterns were largely driven by the probabilities of bats and birds in the diet. Falcons were more likely to prey on bats during warmer and wetter months. Furthermore, urban pairs tended to prey on bats, whereas more rural pairs tended to prey on birds. Mean monthly temperature difference, i.e., a proxy for climate change, was better at explaining the probability of bats in the falcon diet than mean monthly temperature alone. Anthropogenic dietary shifts can have deleterious effects on species with declining populations or those of conservation concern. The effects of urbanisation and human‐induced climate change are expected to continue into the foreseeable future. Therefore, our findings represent a cornerstone in our understanding of how falcons respond to an increasingly human‐dominated world.
Friend of the dead: Zoanthids enhance the persistence of dead coral reef framework under high consumer pressure
Authors: Saldaña Patrick H. , Lang Natalie L. , Altieri Andrew H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConsumers can play critical roles in ecosystem resilience by modifying community resistance and recovery rates. In coral reefs, grazers can increase reef resilience by controlling algae and maintaining open space for coral recruitment, but can also erode the reef framework critical for coral recovery. Here we examine the context‐dependent effects of herbivores on reef persistence in Caribbean Panamá. Using a series of lab and field experiments, we found that the erosional effects of the herbivorous reef urchin (Echinometra viridis) were 2 orders of magnitude greater on dead corals than live corals, and surveys across multiple similarly overfished reefs revealed a positive relationship between urchin densities and percent cover of bare dead coral with urchin densities exceeding 150 m−2 in some reefs. However, we observed that a mat‐forming zoanthid (Zoanthus pulchellus), found exclusively on dead corals, had an inverse spatial relationship with urchins. Through a series of field experiments, we found that zoanthid overgrowth repelled urchins, increased dead coral persistence, and decreased erosion of dead corals making up the reef framework by more than 50% over a 22‐month period. Our findings reveal that zoanthids can provide associational refuge to dead corals by enhancing their persistence under high urchin grazing pressure. We suggest that secondary space‐holders, such as zoanthids, may play increasingly important functional roles in degraded reef systems by shielding coral skeletons from external bioeroders. Moreover, the Stress Gradient Hypothesis, which predicts that the importance of positive interactions such as associational refuges increases with consumer pressure, extends to dead foundation species such as coral skeletons crucial for ecosystem recovery.
A model‐based instructional approach in a socio‐ecological course‐based undergraduate research experience (CURE)
Authors: Sorensen Amanda E. , Alred Ashley , Fontaine Joseph J. , Dauer Jenny M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCourse‐based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) are an instructional strategy to help students learn the content and process of science by engaging students in authentic science research. The ESA‐endorsed 4‐Dimensional Ecology Education framework emphasizes engaging students in authentic ecology scientific practices, and uniquely foregrounds human dimensions as a core tenant of ecological literacy. Model‐based CURE instruction may help ecology instructors by giving students a scaffold to better orient their line of inquiry and develop more accurate conceptions of the broader socio‐ecological system through the integration of the CURE experimental data to known concepts within the system. We explored how student model accuracy changes throughout the course, what modeling practices students engaged in during collaborative modeling, and how students used CURE data along with social and ecological sciences in their models. We found that students created more accurate models as the course progressed, and all student groups exhibited expert‐like modeling practices during the summative collaborative modeling process. Importantly, we also found that students were able to integrate experimental data they generated through the CURE within their broader understanding of the study system. A major benefit of model‐based CUREs is to cultivate scientific thinking by helping students connect how individual pieces of research inform larger phenomenon.
Montane springs provide regeneration refugia after high‐severity wildfire
Authors: Peven Grace , Engels Mary , Eitel Jan U. H. , Andrus Robert A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the mountainous regions of the Western United States, increasing wildfire activity and climate change are putting forests at risk of regeneration failure and conversion to non‐forests. During periods with unfavorable climatic conditions, locations that are suitable for post‐fire tree regeneration (regeneration refugia) may be essential for forest recovery. These refugia could provide scattered islands of recovering forest from which broader forest recovery may be facilitated. Spring ecosystems provide cool and wet microsites relative to the surrounding landscape and may act as regeneration refugia, though few studies have investigated their influence on post‐fire regeneration. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified coniferous tree regeneration adjacent to and away from springs in mixed‐conifer forests in a mountainous region of central Idaho, USA. Our research objectives were to (1) quantify post‐fire conifer density near and away from springs, (2) assess the relative importance of distance to a spring compared with other biophysical factors important to post‐fire regeneration, and (3) examine the temporal trends of post‐fire seedling establishment near and away from springs. In areas burned at high severity from fires in 1988, 2000, and 2006, we sampled transects at 27 springs for the count, age, and height of extant conifer seedlings, as well as topographic factors and distance to surviving seed source. We modeled the relative effects of distance to a spring, topographic variables (slope, heat load index, elevation), post‐fire climate, and distance to surviving seed source for the two dominant species, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), using a generalized linear mixed‐effects model. Our study revealed that proximity to springs resulted in higher conifer density and earlier establishment after high‐severity wildfire when conditions for available seeds and topography were also met. Our results demonstrate that springs are important and previously undescribed regeneration refugia with landscape‐scale implications for post‐fire forest recovery in increasingly water‐limited environments. Springs are relatively abundant features of montane landscapes and may offer continued regeneration refugia for post‐fire recovery into the future, but additional springs mapping and hydroclimatic considerations are needed.
Optimal scheduling of integrated energy system for hydrogen production with electricity
Authors: Wang Xinmei , Zhao Yi , Sun Wenyao , Yu Ming , Du Jiyu , Qian Xiaoyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnder the background of “dual carbon,” we must develop clean energy, build integrated energy systems (IES), and optimize their operation to achieve carbon neutrality. This study presents a strategy for the IES, whose goal is to reduce the carbon content of the power system, which aims to constrain the carbon emission of IES further, improve energy conversion efficiency, and reduce the carbon content of IES. First, we focus on the current situation and the improvement of the economic efficiency of the carbon trading market and introduce a tiered and hierarchical electricity carbon trading mechanism to promote IES to control carbon emissions more effectively. Then, we refine the two‐stage operation process of power to gas (P2G) and propose a P2G process. This novel approach can significantly enhance the efficiency of hydrogen energy utilization and save operational expenses. In addition, this paper proposes a flexible supply and demand dual response mechanism. On the supply side, energy efficiency is improved through cogeneration with adjustable heat and power ratio. On the demand side, the efficiency of the cogeneration system in terms of energy should be improved through a flexible supply and demand side dual response mechanism. With this mechanism, the environmental protection and economic viability of IES can be further enhanced.
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies after successful treatment of pediatric ALL: A case series and review of literature
Authors: Shukla Vanita , Cheng Sylvia , Hukin Juliette , Huh Linda , Datta Anita N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSuccessful treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) requires multiagent chemotherapy regimens and central nervous system prophylaxis, including intrathecal methotrexate. Although acute symptomatic seizures can occur during ALL treatment, epilepsy is less common. Furthermore, drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) is rare, presenting with two phenotypes: focal epilepsy, such as temporal lobe, or epileptic encephalopathies (EE), such as Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS). For ALL survivors, the development of DRE has significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. We describe four patients with ALL remission, who developed EEs, of which 3 had LGS. Mean age at ALL diagnosis was 1.9 years; range 1.1–2.5 years. All, but one, had normal development prior to ALL. No patient had CNS leukemic involvement. All patients received CNS prophylaxis with intrathecal methotrexate, without cranial radiotherapy. Three had symptomatic methotrexate neurotoxicity during treatment. The mean age at first seizure was 5.6 years; range 3.9–7.5 years, with a mean latency of 3.7 years from ALL diagnosis. All patients developed drug resistant EEs, moderate intellectual disability, and neuropsychiatric co‐morbidities. Two patients had a minimal response to corpus callosotomy (CC), and one did not respond the ketogenic diet. Successful treatment of childhood ALL is rarely associated with the development of DRE and EEs. Young age at ALL diagnosis (<3 years) may be a predisposing factor. Palliative treatments, including ketogenic diet and CC have limited benefit in these patients. Individual genetic susceptibility to MTX toxicity is likely related to epileptogenesis, and further research is required for epilepsy biomarkers.
Isoxanthohumol improves hepatic lipid metabolism via regulating the AMPK/PPARα and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in hyperlipidemic mice
Authors: Gao Yu , Zhou Qilong , Wang Huiqing , Xin Guang , Wang Tao , Zhang Kun , Yu Xiuxian , Wen Ao , Wu Qiuling , Li Xiaojuan , Liu Yijiang , Huang Wen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHyperlipidemia presents a significant global healthcare challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies for more effective outcomes. Recent studies have highlighted the beneficial impact of moderate beer intake on metabolic diseases. The purpose of this research is to explore the possible molecular mechanisms of isoxanthohumol (IXN), the major hop flavonoid in beer, in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The mice model of acute hyperlipidemia was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR‐1339. The therapeutic effect of IXN was assessed by biochemical and histological analyses. Furthermore, comprehensive data mining across various public databases was conducted to identify underlying therapeutic targets of IXN on hyperlipidemia. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed to pinpoint hub targets, and subsequent GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to elucidate underlying biological functions. Molecular docking was utilized to validate the binding affinity between hub targets and IXN. Western blotting analysis further verified the protein expression of potential IXN targets. IXN administration significantly improved blood lipid and hepatic lipid levels, alongside increased SOD activity and decreased MDA content in hyperlipidemia mice. Histological analyses, including H&E and Oil Red O staining, showed the improvement of hepatic steatosis with IXN treatment. At the molecular level, IXN significantly increased protein levels of p‐AMPK, PPARα, p‐PI3K, and p‐AKT. IXN activates AMPK/PPARα and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, leading to reduction in lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, and ultimately ameliorating hyperlipidemia.
Curved multiplanar reformatting allows the accurate histological delineation of hippocampal subfields
Authors: Hupka Devon James , Abey Andrew , Misaghi Ehsan , Gargula Justine , Steve Trevor Adam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundHippocampal subfields perform specific roles in normal cognitive functioning and have distinct vulnerabilities in neurological disorders. However, measurement of subfields with MRI is technically difficult in the head and tail of the hippocampus. Recent studies have utilized curved multiplanar reconstruction (CMPR) to improve subfield visualization in the head and tail, but this method has not yet been applied to histological data.MethodsWe utilized BigBrain data, an open‐source database of serially sectioned histological data for our analyses. The left hippocampus was segmented according to histological criteria by two raters in order to evaluate intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of histology‐based segmentation throughout the long axis. Segmentation according to our previous protocol for the hippocampal body was then compared to these histological measurements to evaluate for histological validity. Agreement between segmentations was evaluated using Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs).ResultsIntra‐rater reliability (DSCs) of histological segmentation was excellent for all subfields: CA1 (0.8599), CA2 (0.7586), CA3/CA4/DG (0.8907), SLM (0.9123), subiculum (0.8149). Similarly, inter‐rater reliability analysis demonstrated excellent agreement (DSCs) for all subfield locations: CA1 (0.8203), CA2 (0.7253), CA3/CA4/DG (0.8439), SLM (0.8700), subiculum (0.7794). Finally, histological accuracy (DSCs) for our previous protocol was excellent for all subfields: CA1 (0.8821), CA2 (0.8810), CA3/CA4/DG (0.9802), SLM (0.9879), subiculum (0.8774). When subfields in the hippocampus head, body, and tail were analyzed independently, DSCs also showed excellent agreement.ConclusionsCMPR allows reliable subfield segmentation based on histological criteria throughout the hippocampal head, body, and tail. Our previous protocol for the hippocampal body can be applied to provide histologically valid subfield measurements throughout the entire hippocampal long axis.
Recent Development on the Heterocycles Derived From In Situ Formation of Aryl Glyoxals by Iodine/DMSO Mediated Oxidation of Methyl Ketones
Authors: Jalani Hitesh B. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTControlled oxidation of methyl‐ketones to aryl glyoxals using Selenium dioxide and iodine is one of the useful transformation. Regardless the availability of many oxidation reagents, Iodine/DMSO system is very efficient and flexible. This system efficiently allows in situ formation of α‐halo ketones and subsequently transforming them directly to useful products. The Iodine/DMSO system allows the selective CI and CO bond formation, substantially useful for converting them to other bond forming reactions and heterocycles useful in the synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Iodine/DMSO system could be an important alternative strategy due to sustainability, metal‐free conditions, allowing multiple/linear domino reactions. This review will focus on heterocyclic systems smartly developed/manipulated by Wu group from methyl‐ketones. The scope and limitations of this method and selected examples of applications for the synthesis of interesting molecules are discussed herein.
Association of international remittance with satisfaction and utilization of maternal healthcare services in Nepal: A secondary analysis of two cohort studies
Authors: Kilpi Kasperi , Puthoopparambil Soorej , Gurung Rejina , Malla Honey , Basnet Omkar , KC Ashish 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the association of international remittance with satisfaction and utilization of maternal health services in Nepal. This is a secondary analysis based on two prospective cohort studies. Regression analyses were carried out to assess the association. Women from remittance‐receiving households had 1.27 higher odds of receiving timely initiation of first ANC visit (aOR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.35). The association between remittance‐receiving household income and overall satisfaction with maternal health services (aOR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.02) and receiving four or more ANC visits (aOR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.00) was not significant.
The cooperative effects of November Arctic sea ice and Eurasian snow cover on the Eurasian surface air temperature in January–February
Authors: Lyu Zhuozhuo , Gao Hui , Li Huixin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to their significant influence on large‐scale atmospheric circulation and climate anomalies, the variability of Arctic sea ice and Eurasian snow cover during late autumn and their combined effects have garnered increasing attention. This study aims to investigate the physical mechanism underlying the covariation among the Barents‐Kara Seas (BKS) sea ice concentration (SIC), Eurasian snow cover extent (SCE) and the ensuing winter Eurasian surface air temperature (SAT). The statistics results of singular value decomposition suggest a significant linkage between the decreased BKS SIC, zonal “negative–positive” dipole SCE anomalies over Eurasia in November and cold Eurasian SAT in January–February (JF). Observational diagnosis analyses about the meridional moisture, heat transport and surface heat flux demonstrate that subpolar Eurasian anticyclonic circulation plays a crucial role in connecting the predominant modes of SIC and SCE. Furthermore, the BKS SIC and Eurasian SCE anomalies can jointly excite upward‐propagating planetary waves into the stratosphere, while simultaneously reducing the subpolar meridional temperature gradient. This results in westerly wind deceleration and favours the continuous planetary wave propagation. Consequently, the stratospheric polar vortex is significantly weakened, along with negative Northern Annular Mode anomalies propagating downward from the stratosphere to troposphere. Negative‐phase Arctic Oscillation anomalies correspondingly develop during JF, resulting in widespread cold anomalies over the Eurasian continent. These results are further confirmed by numerical sensitivity experiments from the Community Atmosphere Model forced by the above mentioned SIC and SCE anomalies. The empirical hindcast model analyses further suggest that the prediction skill of JF Eurasian SAT is enhanced when both the November BKS SIC and Eurasian SCE signals are considered.
Intravenous tigecycline with selected multichamber bag parenteral nutrition: A compatibility study
Authors: Dettlaff Katarzyna , Guzińska Julia , Klimaszewska Marta , Dominiak Katarzyna , Jelińska Anna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundTigecycline is widely used to treat infections in intensive care units. Drugs often need to be delivered to critically ill patients feeding by parenteral nutrition (PN). Before two preparations are administered in the same infusion line, the safety of this combination should be established. The objective of this study was to determine the compatibility of tigecycline with selected multichamber bag PN (MCB‐PN).MethodsTigecycline was diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride solution and 5% glucose solution to obtain two 0.5 mg/ml solutions. Then the solutions were combined with selected MCB‐PN in appropriate proportions. The samples were visually assessed, and pH, osmolality, turbidity, particle size, and zeta potential were measured. These measurements were made immediately after combining the solutions and after 4 h of storage at 23°C ± 1°C.ResultsIt was determined that the pH values of the mixtures after combining with tigecycline changed by ≤0.1 unit. An increase in zeta potential was recorded, excluding one combination of tigecycline with the mixture. For all samples tested, the particle size distribution was within the acceptable range immediately after combination and after 4 h of storage. The difference in osmolality did not exceed ±3%, whereas the zeta potential decreased for only one combination. The turbidity of none of the samples exceeded a critical value.ConclusionThe physical compatibility of the tigecycline with five MCB‐PN was proved. They can therefore be administered to patients in one infusion line using the Y‐site.