bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The distribution, diversity and function of predominant Thermoproteales in high‐temperature environments of Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Jay Zackary J. , Beam Jacob P. , Kozubal Mark A. , Jennings Ryan deM. , Rusch Douglas B. , Inskeep William P. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryHigh‐temperature environments (> 70°C) contain diverse and abundant members of the crenarchaeal order Thermoproteales. However, a comprehensive study of the distribution and function of diverse members of this group across different habitat types has not been conducted. Consequently, the goals of this study were to determine the distribution of different Thermoproteales genera across geochemically distinct geothermal habitats of Yellowstone National Park, and to identify key functional attributes of major genera that correlate with environmental parameters. Curated sequence assemblies belonging to five genera were characterized in replicate samples of 11 high‐temperature communities ranging in pH from 3 to 9. Thermocladium, Vulcanisaeta and Caldivirga spp. were the primary Thermoproteales populations present in low pH (pH < 5) habitats, whereas Thermoproteus populations were found in mildly‐acidic (pH 5–6) sulfur sediments, and Pyrobaculum populations were confined to higher pH (pH > 6) sulfur sediments and/or filamentous ‘streamer’ communities. Metabolic reconstruction and comparative genomics among assemblies show that these populations are primarily chemoorganotrophs that utilize different electron acceptors depending on geochemical conditions. The presence of potential CO2 fixation pathways in some Thermoproteales populations appears to be linked with NiFe hydrogenases, which combined with high levels of H2 in many sulfidic systems, may provide the energy required to fix inorganic C.
Genome‐wide identification and characterization of macrolide glycosyltransferases from a marine‐derived Bacillus strain and their phylogenetic distribution
Authors: Liu Yang , Qin Wen , Liu Quanquan , Zhang Jun , Li Huayue , Xu Shanshan , Ren Pengfei , Tian Li , Li Wenli 
Published: May 2016

SummaryClarifying glycosyltrasferases (GTs) function is of significance for the development of GT inhibitors as drugs, and the use of GTs to glycodiversify small molecules in the search of drug leads. While many Actinomyces natural‐product GTs had been functionally characterized, our understanding towards Bacillus natural‐product GTs is so far very limited. Herein, genome‐wide identification of macrolide GT genes from marine‐derived Bacillus methylotrophicus B‐9987 revealed the presence of three macrolide GT genes bmmGT1−3. While bmmGT1 was previously revealed to be involved in the biosynthesis of trans‐acyltransferase (AT) polyketides compounds macrolactins (MLNs) and bacillaenes (BAEs), the functions of bmmGT2 and bmmGT3 were probed, demonstrating that they are capable to biochemically catalyze glycosylation of MLNs and BAEs as well but interestingly with different regioselectivity, affording four new MLNs analogs. Notably, further genome mining revealed that the orthologs of these three macrolide GT genes showed a regular distribution in the subtilis‐ and the cereus‐clade Bacillus strains; interestingly, bmmGT1 orthologs only occurred in the subtilis‐clade Bacillus, and they were also found in the genomes of Streptomyces strains, suggesting their close phylogenetic relationship. These results provide the first significant insight into the important roles of Bacillus macrolide GTs in the biology of the species.
Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds from Fava Bean Sprouts
Authors: Okumura Koharu , Hosoya Takahiro , Kawarazaki Kai , Izawa Norihiko , Kumazawa Shigenori 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFava beans are eaten all over the world and recently, marketing for their sprouts began in Japan. Fava bean sprouts contain more polyphenols and l‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (l‐DOPA) than the bean itself. Our antioxidant screening program has shown that fava bean sprouts also possess a higher antioxidant activity than other commercially available sprouts and mature beans. However, the individual constituents of fava bean sprouts are not entirely known. In the present study, we investigated the phenolic compounds of fava bean sprouts and their antioxidant activity. Air‐dried fava bean sprouts were treated with 80% methanol and the extract was partitioned in water with chloroform and ethyl acetate. HPLC analysis had shown that the ethyl acetate‐soluble parts contained phenolic compounds, separated by preparative HPLC to yield 5 compounds (1‒5). Structural analysis using NMR and MS revealed that the compounds isolated were kaempferol glycosides. All isolated compounds had an α‐rhamnose at the C‐7 position with different sugars attached at the C‐3 position. Compounds 1−5 had β‐galactose, β‐glucose, α‐rhamnose, 6‐acetyl‐β‐galactose and 6‐acetyl‐β‐glucose, respectively, at the C‐3 position. The amount of l‐DOPA in fava bean sprouts was determined by the quantitative 1H NMR technique. The l‐DOPA content was 550.45 mg ± 11.34 /100 g of the raw sprouts. The antioxidant activities of compounds 2−5 and l‐DOPA were evaluated using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay. l‐DOPA showed high antioxidant activity, but the isolated kaempferol glycosides showed weak activity. Therefore, it can be suggested that l‐DOPA contributed to the antioxidant activity of fava bean sprouts.
Double‐blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Versus Intranasal Midazolam as Anxiolysis Prior to Pediatric Laceration Repair in the Emergency Department
Authors: Neville Desiree N. W. , Hayes Katharina R. , Ivan Yaron , McDowell Erin R. , Pitetti Raymond D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare anxiolysis with intranasal dexmedetomidine, an alpha‐2 agonist, versus intranasal midazolam for pediatric laceration repairs.MethodsWe performed a double‐blind, randomized controlled trial of 40 patients 1–5 years with lacerations requiring suture repair in an academic pediatric emergency department (ED). Patients were randomized to receive either intranasal dexmedetomidine or intranasal midazolam. Our primary outcome measure was the anxiety score at the time of patient positioning for the laceration repair. We chose this time point to isolate the anxiolysis from the medications prior to intervention. Patient encounters were videotaped and scored for anxiety at multiple time points using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. The scale is 23.3–100 with higher scores indicating higher anxiety. We also evaluated these scores as a secondary outcome by dichotomizing them into anxious versus not anxious with a previously validated score cutoff.ResultsOf the 40 patients enrolled, 20 in the dexmedetomidine group and 18 in the midazolam group completed the study and were included in the analysis. The median age was 3.3 years (range = 1.0–5.4 years). The median baseline anxiety score was 48.3. The anxiety score at position for procedure for patients receiving dexmedetomidine was 9.2 points lower than those receiving midazolam (median difference = 9.2, 95% confidence interval = 5 to 13.3; median score for dexmedetomidine = 23.3, median score for midazolam = 36.3). The proportion of patients who were classified as not anxious at the position for procedure was significantly higher in the dexmedetomidine group (70%) versus the midazolam group (11%). The number needed to treat with dexmedetomidine instead of midazolam to obtain the result of a not anxious patient at this time point was 1.7 patients. There were also significantly more patients who were classified as not anxious at the time of wound washout in the dexmedetomidine group compared to the midazolam group (35% vs. 6%). Dexmedetomidine and midazolam performed similarly with respect to all other measures including anxiety at other time points, parental perceived anxiety, parent and proceduralist satisfaction, procedural success, complications, and time in the ED. There were no serious adverse events seen in either group.ConclusionsIntranasal dexmedetomidine is an alternative anxiolytic medication to intranasal midazolam for pediatric laceration repairs, performing similarly in our study, except that patients who received dexmedetomidine had less anxiety at the time of positioning for procedure.
Clinical and histopathological features of adenomas of the ciliary pigment epithelium
Authors: Chang Ying , Wei Wen Bin , Shi Ji Tong , Xian Jun Fang , Yang Wen Li , Xu Xiao Lin , Bai Hai Xia , Li Bin , Jonas Jost B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeAdenomas of the ciliary pigment epithelium (CPE) are rare benign tumours which have mainly to be differentiated from malignant ciliary body melanomas. Here we report on a consecutive series of patients with CPE adenomas and describe their characteristics.MethodsThe retrospective hospital‐based case series study included all patients who were consecutively operated for CPE adenomas.ResultsOf the 110 patients treated for ciliary body tumours, five patients (4.5%) had a CPE adenoma. Mean age was 59.0 ± 9.9 years (range: 46–72 years). Mean tumour apical thickness was 6.6 ± 1.7 mm. Tumour colour was mostly homogenously brown to black, and the tumour surface was smooth. The tumour masses pushed the iris tissue forward without infiltrating iris or anterior chamber angle. Sonography revealed an irregular echogram with sharp lesion borders and signs of blood flow in Color Doppler flow imaging. Ultrasonographic biomicroscopy demonstrated medium‐low internal reflectivity and acoustic attenuation. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the tumours as compared to brain were hyperintense on T1‐weighted images and hypointense on T2‐weighted images. Tumour tissue consisted of cords and nests of pigment epithelium cells separated by septa of vascularized fibrous connective tissue, leading to a pseudo‐glandular appearance. The melanin granules in the cytoplasm were large and mostly spherical in shape. In four patients, the tumours were hyperpigmented. Tumour cells were large with round or oval nuclei and clearly detectable nucleoli.ConclusionsThese clinical characteristics of CPE adenomas, such as homogenous dark brown colour, smooth surface, iris dislocation and anterior chamber angle narrowing but no iris infiltration, segmental cataract, pigment dispersion, and, as compared to brain tissue, hypointensity and, as compared to extraocular muscles or lacrimal gland, hyperintensity on T2‐weighted MRI images, may be helpful for the differentiation from ciliary body malignant melanomas.
Comparison of biomechanical effects of small incision lenticule extraction and laser‐assisted subepithelial keratomileusis
Authors: Chen Minjie , Yu Manrong , Dai Jinhui 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo compare the corneal biomechanical properties after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) group and laser‐assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) group.MethodsThe SMILE group comprised 39 patients (75 eyes) while it was 38 patients (76 eyes) in the LASEK group. Corneal hysteresis (CH) and the corneal resistance factor (CRF) parameters were determined using the Ocular Response Analyzer preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively.ResultsThere were significant differences in the preoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), central corneal thickness (CCT), the planned ablation depth (AD) or CRF values between the two groups, except for the CH value (p = 0.07). The CH and CRF values at 1 and 3 months postoperatively were significantly lower than the preoperative values in both groups (p < 0.01). The postoperative CH values were significantly lower in the LASEK group than in the SMILE group at both follow‐up visits after adjusting for age, sex, preoperative CCT, preoperative SE, planned AD and the use of both eyes in the same subject (p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were observed in postoperative CRF between groups (p = 0.22 at 1 month and p = 0.41 at 3 months). No significant correlation was found between the planned AD and the changes in CH or CRF at any follow‐up visit in the SMILE group. The preoperative magnitude of CH and CRF may be predictors of postoperative changes in CH and CRF in the both groups.ConclusionsCH and CRF decreased after SMILE and LASEK. However, the changes in the CH values were less after SMILE than after LASEK.
The effect of surprising events in a serious game on learning mathematics
Authors: Wouters Pieter , van Oostendorp Herre , ter Vrugte Judith , vanderCruysse Sylke , de Jong Ton , Elen Jan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe challenge in serious games is to improve the effectiveness of learning by stimulating relevant cognitive processes. In this paper, we investigate the potential of surprise in two experiments with prevocational students in the domain of proportional reasoning. Surprise involves an emotional reaction, but it also serves a cognitive goal as it directs attention to explain why the surprise occurred and can play a key role in learning. In our experiments, surprises were triggered by a surprising event, ie, a nonplaying character who suddenly appeared and changed characteristics of a problem. In Experiment 1—comparing a surprise condition with a control condition—we found no overall differences, but the results suggested that surprise may be beneficial for higher level students. In Experiment 2, we combined Expectancy strength (Strong vs. Weak) with Surprise (Present vs. Absent) using higher level students. We found a marginal overall effect of surprising events on learning indicating that students who experienced surprises learned more than students who were not exposed to these surprises but we found a stronger effect of surprise when we included existing proportional reasoning skill as factor. These results provide some evidence that a narrative technique as surprise can be used in game‐based learning for the purpose of learning.
Generic 3D interpolation of Holocene base‐level rise and provision of accommodation space, developed for the Netherlands coastal plain and infilled palaeovalleys
Authors: Koster Kay , Stafleu Jan , Cohen Kim M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present an interpolation model that describes Holocene groundwater level rise and the creation of accommodation space in 3D in the Rhine‐Meuse delta – the Netherlands. The model area (ca. 12 400 km2) covers two palaeovalleys of Late Pleistocene age (each 30 km wide) and the overlying Holocene deposits of the Rhine‐Meuse delta, the Holland coastal plain, and the Zuiderzee former lagoon. Water table rise is modelled from 10 800 to 1000 cal. BP, making use of age‐depth relations based on 384 basal peat index points, and producing output in the form of stacked palaeo groundwater surfaces, groundwater age‐depth curves, and voxel sets. These products allow to resolve (i) regional change and variations of inland water table slopes, (ii) spatial differences in the timing and pacing of transgression, and (iii) analysis of interplay of coastal, fluvial and subsidence controls on the provision of accommodation space. The interpolation model is a multi‐parameter trend function, to which a 3D‐kriging procedure of the residuals is added. This split design deploys a generic approach for modelling provision of accommodation space in deltas and coastal lowlands, aiming to work both in areas of intermediate data availability and in the most data‐rich environments. Major provision of accommodation space occurred from 8500 cal BP onwards, but a different evolution occurred in each of the two palaeovalleys. In the northern valley, creation of accommodation space began to stall at 7500 cal BP, while in the southern valley provision of new accommodation space in considerable quantities continued longer. The latter is due to the floodplain gradient that was maintained by the Rhine, which distinguishes the fluvial deltaic environment from the rest of the back‐barrier coastal plain. The interpolation results allow advanced mapping and investigation of apparent spatial differences in Holocene aggradation in larger coastal sedimentary systems. Furthermore, they provide a means to generate first‐order age information with centennial precision for 3D geological subsurface models of Holocene deltas and valley fills. As such, the interpolation is of use in studies into past and present land subsidence and into low land sedimentation.
Immediate Restoration of Immediate Implants in the Esthetic Zone of the Maxilla Via the Copy‐Abutment Technique: 5‐Year Follow‐Up of Pink Esthetic Scores
Authors: Fürhauser Rudolf , Mailath‐Pokorny Georg , Haas Robert , Busenlechner Dieter , Watzek Georg , Pommer Bernhard 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundImplant esthetics may benefit from individualized zirconia abutments copying the emergence profile of the natural tooth and delivered within days after immediate implant insertion.PurposeTo investigate the esthetic outcome of the Copy‐Abutment technique using the Pink Esthetic Score (PES).Materials and MethodsA total of 77 patients with single‐tooth implants in the anterior maxilla restored at the day of immediate implant placement using Copy‐Abutments and provisional crowns were followed‐up after 1 week, 1 month, 4 months, 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years to assess implant esthetics.ResultsPES ranged between 7 and 14 (median: 13) and improved significantly between the 6 month and 1 year follow‐up (p < .001), then remained stable up to the fifth year. Significant improvement was seen for the variables PES‐6 soft tissue color (p = .002) and PES‐7 soft tissue texture (p < .001) up to the 1 year follow‐up, while PES‐5 alveolar process deficiency deteriorated (p = .016). Mean mucosal recession was 0.26 ± 0.86 mm (range: 0–1.6) after 5 years and not related to gingival biotype.ConclusionCopy‐Abutments for immediate restoration of implants in the esthetic zone show satisfactory long‐term esthetic outcomes.
Clinicopathological features of gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland (chief cell predominant type) by retrospective and prospective analyses of endoscopic findings
Authors: Chiba Takashi , Kato Katsuaki , Masuda Takayuki , Ohara Shuichi , Iwama Noriyuki , Shimada Takenobu , Shibuya Daisuke 
Published: May 2016

Background and AimGastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (chief cell predominant type) (GA‐FG‐CCP) is a variant of gastric adenocarcinoma with chief cell differentiation. GA‐FG‐CCP is rare and not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of GA‐FG‐CCP using retrospective and prospective analyses of endoscopic findings.MethodsA total of 20 patients including nine cases treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) were diagnosed with GA‐FG‐CCP. Morphological changes were analyzed by retrospectively retracing past endoscopic records and following up after definitive diagnoses, including the status of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.ResultsGA‐FG‐CCP were small and whitish lesions accompanied by atypical vascular growth and their macroscopic types were classified as 0‐IIa (60%), 0‐IIb (25%), and 0‐IIc (15%), respectively. The lesions were found in the non‐atrophic gastric mucosa of the upper (70%) or middle portion (30%), although gastric mucosal atrophy associated with current or past H. pylori infection was identified in 75% of cases. In the nine cases treated with ESD, submucosal invasion was identified in 80% of the resected lesions, but no lymphovenous infiltration was detected. Ki‐67 labeling index of GA‐FG‐CCP was low at 3.2% and visible morphological changes were rarely detected during long‐term endoscopic observation for 58.9 ± 13.1 months.ConclusionsThese data indicate that GA‐FG‐CCP, even when submucosal invasion occurs easily, might be of low‐grade malignancy as long as it is the chief cell predominant type without other epithelial abnormalities. In addition, GA‐FG‐CCP might develop despite H. pylori infection or gastric mucosal atrophy.
Perceptions and experiences of taking oral medications for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: McSharry J. , McGowan L. , Farmer A. J. , French D. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsTo explore patients' perceptions and experiences of taking oral medications for the pharmacological management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsCinahl, EMBASE, Medline and PsycINFO databases were searched in 2014 to identify qualitative studies exploring patients' perceptions or experiences of taking medications for the management of Type 2 diabetes. Key concepts and themes were extracted and synthesized using meta‐ethnography.ResultsEight studies were included. Primary study findings were synthesized to develop three higher‐order constructs that moved beyond the results of individual studies. The first construct, Medications for diabetes: a necessary evil, outlines how patients' negative perceptions of medication risks co‐exist with a resounding view that medications are beneficial. Passive patients but active experimenters highlights the contrast between patients' passive acceptance of medication prescriptions and the urge to actively experiment and adjust doses to optimize medication use in daily life. Finally, Taking oral medication for Type 2 diabetes: a unique context describes features specific to the Type 2 diabetes medication experience, including lack of symptoms and the perceived relationship between medication and diet, which may influence adherence.ConclusionsMedication‐taking for Type 2 diabetes is a unique adherence context, which requires the development of condition‐specific interventions. The present findings indicate patients understand the need for medications but adjust dosage and timing in their daily lives. This review suggests providers should acknowledge patient preferences in the development of management strategies, and highlights an opportunity to direct the motivation evident in patients' experimentation towards potentially more beneficial medication‐taking behaviours.
Identification ofCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisisolated from muscular abscesses in two horses: First report in Mexico
Authors: Muñoz‐Bucio A. V. , Cortés‐Pérez Y. A. , Arellano‐Reynoso B. , Hernández‐Gil M. , Hernández‐Castro R. , Díaz‐Aparicio E. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryTwo Quarter Horse stallions from the same region in Mexico presented with pectoral abscesses and lameness. Exudate samples were taken from drained muscular abscesses and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, identified by bacteriological techniques and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, was obtained in a pure isolation culture from both samples. The sequences of a hypervariable region of therpoBgene showed 100% and 99% identity toC. pseudotuberculosis316 biovarequi(CP003077.1) isolated from a horse. Both strains' sequences were located in the same phylogenetic cluster as other biovarequistrain sequences obtained from GenBank. Both horses responded satisfactorily to treatment, which included surgical procedures and wound management. These study cases proved the infection of Mexican horses withC. pseudotuberculosis; however, the prevalence of this pathogen remains unknown.