bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apoplastic H2O2 plays a critical role in axillary bud outgrowth by altering auxin and cytokinin homeostasis in tomato plants
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Juan , Xia Xiao‐Jian , Guo Xie , Zhou Yan‐Hong , Shi Kai , Zhou Jie , Yu Jing‐Quan 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Although phytohormones such as indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), cytokinin (CK) and strigolactone are important modulators of plant architecture, it remains unclear whether reactive oxygen species are involved in the regulation of phytohormone‐dependent axillary bud outgrowth in plants.

We used diverse techniques, including transcriptional suppression, HPLC‐MS, biochemical methodologies and gene transcript analysis to investigate the signaling pathway for apoplastic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced axillary bud outgrowth.

Silencing of tomato RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG 1 (RBOH1) and WHITEFLY INDUCED 1 (WFI1), two important genes involved in H2O2 production in the apoplast, enhanced bud outgrowth, decreased transcript of FZY – a rate‐limiting gene in IAA biosynthesis and IAA accumulation in the apex – and increased the transcript of IPT2 involved in CK biosynthesis and CK accumulation in the stem node. These effects were fully abolished by the application of exogenous H2O2. Both decapitation and the silencing of FZY promoted bud outgrowth, and downregulated and upregulated the transcripts for IAA3 and IAA15, and IPT2, respectively. However, these effects were not blocked by treatment with exogenous H2O2 but by napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) treatment.

These results suggest that RBOHs‐dependent apoplastic H2O2 promotes IAA biosynthesis in the apex, which, in turn, inhibits CK biosynthesis and subsequent bud outgrowth in tomato plants.
PIN6 auxin transporter at endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane mediates auxin homeostasis and organogenesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Simon Sibu , Skůpa Petr , Viaene Tom , Zwiewka Marta , Tejos Ricardo , Klíma Petr , Čarná Mária , Rolčík Jakub , De Rycke Riet , Moreno Ignacio , Dobrev Petre I. , Orellana Ariel , Zažímalová Eva , Friml Jiří 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Plant development mediated by the phytohormone auxin depends on tightly controlled cellular auxin levels at its target tissue that are largely established by intercellular and intracellular auxin transport mediated by PIN auxin transporters. Among the eight members of the Arabidopsis PIN family, PIN6 is the least characterized candidate.

In this study we generated functional, fluorescent protein‐tagged PIN6 proteins and performed comprehensive analysis of their subcellular localization and also performed a detailed functional characterization of PIN6 and its developmental roles.

The localization study of PIN6 revealed a dual localization at the plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Transport and metabolic profiling assays in cultured cells and Arabidopsis strongly suggest that PIN6 mediates both auxin transport across the PM and intracellular auxin homeostasis, including the regulation of free auxin and auxin conjugates levels. As evidenced by the loss‐ and gain‐of‐function analysis, the complex function of PIN6 in auxin transport and homeostasis is required for auxin distribution during lateral and adventitious root organogenesis and for progression of these developmental processes.

These results illustrate a unique position of PIN6 within the family of PIN auxin transporters and further add complexity to the developmentally crucial process of auxin transport.
Organ specificity in the plant circadian system is explained by different light inputs to the shoot and root clocks
Authors: Bordage Simon , Sullivan Stuart , Laird Janet , Millar Andrew J. , Nimmo Hugh G. 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Circadian clocks allow the temporal compartmentalization of biological processes. In Arabidopsis, circadian rhythms display organ specificity but the underlying molecular causes have not been identified. We investigated the mechanisms responsible for the similarities and differences between the clocks of mature shoots and roots in constant conditions and in light : dark cycles.

We developed an imaging system to monitor clock gene expression in shoots and light‐ or dark‐grown roots, modified a recent mathematical model of the Arabidopsis clock and used this to simulate our new data.

We showed that the shoot and root circadian clocks have different rhythmic properties (period and amplitude) and respond differently to light quality. The root clock was entrained by direct exposure to low‐intensity light, even in antiphase to the illumination of shoots. Differences between the clocks were more pronounced in conditions where light was present than in constant darkness, and persisted in the presence of sucrose. We simulated the data successfully by modifying those parameters of a clock model that are related to light inputs.

We conclude that differences and similarities between the shoot and root clocks can largely be explained by organ‐specific light inputs. This provides mechanistic insight into the developing field of organ‐specific clocks.
N‐glycan containing a core α1,3‐fucose residue is required for basipetal auxin transport and gravitropic response in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Harmoko Rikno , Yoo Jae Yong , Ko Ki Seong , Ramasamy Nirmal Kumar , Hwang Bo Young , Lee Eun Ji , Kim Ho Soo , Lee Kyung Jin , Oh Doo‐Byoung , Kim Dool‐Yi , Lee Sanghun , Li Yang , Lee Sang Yeol , Lee Kyun Oh 
Published: May 2016

Summary

In plants, α1,3‐fucosyltransferase (FucT) catalyzes the transfer of fucose from GDP‐fucose to asparagine‐linked GlcNAc of the N‐glycan core in the medial Golgi. To explore the physiological significance of this processing, we isolated two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct‐1 and fuct‐2) with loss of FucT function.

Biochemical analyses of the N‐glycan structure confirmed that α1,3‐fucose is missing from the N‐glycans of allelic fuct‐1 and fuct‐2. Compared with the wild‐type cv Kitaake, fuct‐1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. The mutant allele fuct‐2 gave rise to similar developmental abnormalities, although they were milder than those of fuct‐1.

Restoration of a normal tiller angle in fuct‐1 by complementation demonstrated that the phenotype is caused by the loss of FucT function. Both fuct‐1 and fuct‐2 plants exhibited reduced gravitropic responses. Expression of the genes involved in tiller and leaf angle control was also affected in the mutants.

We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct‐1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome Occurring in a Patient with Gorlin Syndrome
Authors: Mull Jamie L. , Madden Lisa M. , Bayliss Susan J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe report a case of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) occurring in an African American boy with Gorlin syndrome with a novel PTCH1 mutation. Before developing MDS, the patient had been treated with chemotherapy and radiation for a medulloblastoma. He received a bone marrow transplant for the MDS and eventually died of treatment complications. Secondary hematologic malignancies are a known complication of certain chemotherapeutics, although whether a patient with Gorlin syndrome has a greater propensity for the development of such malignancies is unclear.
The CSI Effect, DNA Discourse, and Popular Crime Dramas*
Authors: Rhineberger‐Dunn Gayle , Briggs Steven J. , Rader Nicole E. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesMissing from the literature is an assessment of how forensic evidence, particularly DNA evidence, is portrayed across several fictional crime dramas, rather than just one drama, namely, CSI. The purpose of this article is to explore how DNA evidence is presented in four fictional crime dramas, the context in which it is discussed, and the impact DNA has on case clearance in these fictional dramas.MethodsWe drew a systematic sample by taking every fourth episode within each of four crime shows: CSI (Las Vegas), Law & Order: SVU, Criminal Minds, and Without a Trace. Transcripts were created for the 117 included episodes. We used both qualitative and quantitative content analyses to analyze the discourse of DNA within these crime drama episodes.ResultsOur results indicate that police and forensic dramas both contain frequent references to DNA, while FBI dramas rarely discuss DNA, at least in any meaningful context. Additionally, DNA is not used to solve a majority of fictional victimizations in these dramas.ConclusionsThese results also provide context for future research on the CSI effect, particularly in terms of measuring crime show viewership variables.
Does Asthma Impair Wealth Accumulation or Does Wealth Protect Against Asthma?*
Authors: Zagorsky Jay L. , Smith Patricia K. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveWe investigate the association between adult asthma and wealth, testing whether the disease impairs wealth accumulation (social selection model) or if wealth protects against asthma (social causation model).MethodsWe use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (n = 7,644) and linear and logistic regressions to estimate the association between wealth and asthma. Changes in relative wealth following an asthma diagnosis and asthma status by increases in wealth through inheritance provide evidence on the causal direction.ResultsAsthma, particularly severe asthma, is associated with lower wealth. Wealth ranking does not change after a diagnosis of asthma, but inheriting a substantial sum is associated with a lower risk of severe asthma.ConclusionWealth appears to protect against severe asthma, supporting the social causation model of disease.
The Standardized World Income Inequality Database*
Authors: Solt Frederick 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveSince 2008, the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID) has provided income inequality data that seek to maximize comparability while providing the broadest possible coverage of countries and years. This article describes the current SWIID's construction, highlighting differences from its original version, and reevaluates the SWIID's utility to cross‐national income inequality research in light of recently available alternatives.MethodsCoverage of inequality data sets is assessed across country‐years; comparability is evaluated in terms of success in predicting the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), recognized in the field as the gold standard in comparability, before those data are released.ResultsThe SWIID offers coverage double that of the next largest income inequality data set, and its record of comparability is three to eight times better than those of alternate data sets.ConclusionsAs its coverage and comparability far exceed those of the alternatives, the SWIID remains better suited for broadly cross‐national research on income inequality than other available sources.
Explaining State Differences in the Implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: A South/Non‐South Comparison*
Authors: Travis Rick , Morris John C. , Mayer Martin , Kenter Robert , Breaux David A. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThe passage of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 has been one of the most hotly debated policy issues in recent memory. Southern state politicians seem particularly opposed to the law, but data suggest that citizens of southern states would benefit from the law. This article explores the choices made by states in terms of their acceptance and implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Healthcare Act (PPACA).MethodsEmploying standard explanators of state policy choices, coupled with common indicators of public health, we examine a cross‐sectional, 50‐state regression model to determine whether southern states are different from other states in their policy choices in this arena.ResultsWe find that southern state choices are driven by control of the governor's mansion, while other factors drive non‐South state choices.ConclusionOur findings lend support to the notion of southern distinctiveness—southern states are driven more by politics, while non‐South states are driven more by state circumstances.
Motivated Reasoning, Accuracy, and Updating in Perceptions of Bush's Legacy*
Authors: Meirick Patrick C. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThis study sets out to examine the roles of party identification, political knowledge, education, and media use in citizens’ perceptions of changes in the economy, federal deficit, poverty, and crime rates between 2001 and 2008. It also tests the predictions of motivated reasoning versus Bayesian updating in seeing how (or if) perceptions of the economy changed as conditions worsened during 2008.MethodThis research used American National Election Studies (ANES) panel data in creating regression analyses for perceptions in January and November 2008, with the former as a control for the latter. A repeated‐measures analysis of variance tracked changes in partisans’ perceptions of the economy during the year.ResultsPartisanship was a robust predictor of perceptions. Political knowledge and education tended to promote perceptions that were in the same direction as actual trends, but political knowledge interacted with party identification to promote partisan polarization in perceptions. Television news exposure was the most important media variable, although it promoted pessimism on all trends. As economic conditions worsened throughout 2008, partisans’ perceptions of the economy converged, suggesting that citizens, especially Republicans, updated their perceptions.ConclusionThe findings for partisanship and its interaction with political knowledge are consistent with the motivated reasoning literature, but the emergence of a bipartisan consensus about the worsening of the economy by the end of 2008 supports Bayesian updating, although it may take pretty undeniable facts for it to work.
Race and Right‐Wing Authoritarianism: How Scoring High in Authoritarianism Does Not Necessarily Lead to Support for Right‐Wing Candidates*
Authors: Dusso Aaron 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesAuthoritarianism has a long history suggesting that it is primarily a phenomenon of the right. However, I argue that this has led to scholars overlooking the potential that, in some contexts, authoritarianism can lead to support for left‐wing candidates. African‐American voters in the United States provide such a context. A key component of right‐wing authoritarianism is that individuals will support whom they believe to be their rightful leader. In the United States, who one believes to be their group's rightful leader is contingent on the race of the voter and the party of the candidate. I hypothesize that as African‐American voters' level of authoritarianism increases, they will be more likely to support the left‐wing Democratic candidate.MethodsI test this hypothesis with a national sample of voters after the 2012 U.S. presidential election. I estimate multiple logit models predicting the probability of voting for Obama, the key independent variables being respondents' right‐wing authoritarian score, their race, and the interaction of these two variables.ResultsThe results present strong support for my hypothesis that an increase in right‐wing authoritarianism increases the probability of African‐American voters choosing Obama.ConclusionThe results show that the effect of authoritarianism on vote choice is contingent on race/ethnicity. Too often, scholars have overlooked the potential that whom individuals deem to be their established authority is contingent on the political context. These results challenge scholars to provide a more nuanced approach to how authoritarianism influences behavior.
Religiousness and Support for Same‐Sex Marriage: An Endogenous Treatment Approach*
Authors: Yen Steven T. , Zampelli Ernest M. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThe effects of religiosity and sociodemographic characteristics on support for same‐sex marriage (SSM) are estimated.MethodsAn ordered probability model with ordinal endogenous treatment is estimated. Treatment effects of religiosity and marginal effects of other covariates are calculated.ResultsReligiosity reduces the likelihood of SSM support. This impact can be attenuated by educational achievement, Democratic Party affiliation, higher incomes, and greater contact with gays and lesbians. The importance of religion has no differential impact on the marginal effects of other covariates.ConclusionsWe expect the litigation of cases in which gay married couples allege victimization from some form of discrimination, which, in turn, will be defended on the grounds of religious freedom. Religious freedom supporters will come from the intrinsically religious, evangelicals, strong Republicans, and African Americans; same‐sex couples will draw support from those who are more educated, strongly Democratic, and at the higher end of the income distribution.
Juvenile Delinquency and Self‐Sentiments: Exploring a Labeling Theory Proposition*
Authors: Kroska Amy , Lee James Daniel , Carr Nicole T. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveAccording to labeling theory, an official deviance label promotes the development of deviant self‐meanings. Despite the centrality of this hypothesis to the theory, most tests of the hypothesis on juveniles are decades old, fail to control for deviant behavior, and focus only on self‐evaluation, neglecting two of the three dimensions of self‐meaning: self‐potency and self‐activity. Therefore, our objective is to explore this hypothesis in a way that addresses these weaknesses.MethodWe test the hypothesis by examining the relationship between a delinquency adjudication and all three dimensions of self‐meaning while controlling for recent deviant behavior. Our data come from two samples of college students and one sample of youths in an after‐care program for youths who have been adjudicated delinquent.ResultsIn line with expectations, a delinquency adjudication is linked with lower self‐evaluation and higher self‐potency. But, contrary to expectations, it is associated with higher feelings of activity.ConclusionThe findings are consistent with the labeling theory proposition that an official deviance label promotes the development of deviant self‐meanings. We discuss the theoretical and policy implications of these findings and outline avenues for future research.
Evolving Opinions: Evidence on Marriage Equality Attitudes from Panel Data*
Authors: Armenia Amy , Troia Bailey 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveIn the wake of a massive shift in public opinion on same‐sex marriage, scholars have examined the factors that predict support of marriage equality. This research, largely from cross‐sectional or trend data, leaves questionable evidence for causality. In this research note, we use newly available panel data to predict attitudes toward marriage equality.MethodsWe use three three‐wave panels of survey data from the General Social Survey (2006–2014) to estimate the effects of both time‐variant and nonvariant characteristics on attitudes toward marriage equality.ResultsUsing time‐variant factors, we support prior research, finding evidence for the causal effect of political views and time period on attitudes. Unlike earlier research, we find no significant effect of church attendance or marital or parental status. Among invariant characteristics, we largely support prior research on the effect of demographic characteristics on attitudes.ConclusionThis analysis underscores the importance of using longitudinal data to support causal inferences and augment cross‐sectional research on political attitudes.
Corneal grafting for the treatment of full‐thickness corneal defects in dogs: a review of 50 cases
Authors: Lacerda Rodrigo P. , Peña Gimenez Maria T. , Laguna Fernando , Costa Daniel , Ríos Jose , Leiva Marta 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe corneal grafting for the treatment of full‐thickness corneal defects in dogs and to determine its effectiveness in preserving vision.MethodsA review of the medical records of dogs that underwent corneal grafting following corneal perforations (≥3 mm) at the VTH‐UAB from 2002 to 2012 was carried out.ResultsFifty dogs of different breed, age and gender were included. Brachycephalic breeds were overrepresented (37/50;74%). All cases were unilateral, with euryblepharon being the most common concurrent ocular abnormality (20/50;40%). Full‐thickness penetrating keratoplasties (FTPK) were performed in 21/50 eyes (42%) and lamellar keratoplasties (LK) in 29/50 eyes (58%). Frozen grafts (FroG) were used in 43/50 eyes (86%) and fresh homologous grafts (FreHoG) in 7/50 (14%). Of the former group, 26 were homologous (FroHoG:60%) and 17 heterologous (FroHeG:40%). A combination of topical medication (antibiotics, corticosteroids, cycloplegics, and 0.2% cyclosporine A) and systemic mycophenolate mofetil was administered. Median follow‐up time was 200 days. Postsurgical complications included wound dehiscence (6/50;12%) and glaucoma (4/50;8%). Clinical signs of graft rejection were diagnosed as follows: FroHoG (13/26;50%), FroHeG (11/17;65%), FreHoG (4/7;57%), FTPK (12/21;57%), and LK (16/29;55%). Medical treatment successfully controlled graft rejection in 11/28 eyes (39%). Good anatomical outcome was achieved in 86% (43/50), of which 95% (41/43) were visual at last examination, with moderate opacification to complete transparency of the graft present in 48.2%.ConclusionsCorneal grafting is an effective surgical treatment for full‐thickness corneal defects in dogs. If graft rejection is present, additional medical or surgical therapy may be necessary, achieving a highly satisfactory visual outcome.
THE HYDRO PLANING SIMULATION OF FLYING BOAT REMOTE CONTROL MODEL
Authors: Syamsuar S. , Djatmiko E. B. , Erwandi Erwandi , Mujahid A. S. , Subchan Subchan 
Published: May 2016

The measurement of unknown model to get the three dimensions of object configuration is by using the laser camera photo tracking. The three dimensions model became from solid drawing on the CATIA software. The CFX ANSYS computational fluid dynamics software is used on the 3D of Flying Boat remote control model full configuration. The rectangular and dihedral configurations of the model have Z forces value during acceleration on the water surface. The pressure distributions hydro planing have a good result also. The speeds on the simulation model are around (0 - 25) knots and Angle of Attack, α = 00. The downwash effect and vortex could be shown in the CFD results. To verify the simulation data analysis is uses the takeoff flight performance testing data during takeoff of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle “Alap alap” with the same Thrust per Weight ratio around 0.4, such as altitude height, airspeed, Z acceleration and pitch angle data. The hump drag of Flying Boat remote control model and the friction during takeoff of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle have been ignored.
REVIEW IN CLOUD BASED NEXT GENERATION TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK
Authors: H. M. Mohamed Khalaf Alla , Babiker Amin , B. M. Amien Magdi , Hamad Mutaz 
Published: May 2016

The development of cloud computing technologies is rapidly accelerating the integration of telecommunications services and the Internet, by adopting the cloud model the telecommunications industry can on demand ,organize and apply telecommunication resources as a services .The NGN (Next Generation Network), and IMS (intelligent multimedia subsystem) are essentially developed to provide multimedia services over an all-IP based network, however the full realization of both solutions is still is not reachable and it is still far from being widely deployed specially for the IMS, this is despite the development that has been undergoing for years .The main reasons behind that, is the increasing demands by consumers, fast evolving access technologies , complexity of implementations to meet these growing demands. Cloud computing as fast evolving IT paradigm can be considered as solution for scalability issue of NGN and IMS which may lead to the full realization of NGN and IMS .This Paper presents literature review on researches and trials on cloud based NGN and IMS.