bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lessons Learned Process in the Czech Armed Forces
Authors: Kosecová Janka , Grasseová-Motyčková Monika 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Lessons Learned Process was introduced in the Czech Armed Forces in 2004. Since then the LL process has become a standard part of the command and control process as well as one of the tools generating input to abilities development of units, formations, and staffs at all levels. The LL process allows to learn from both own and others’ mistakes; it also allows to use the best general procedures in all functional areas of development and deployment of armed forces. Not only does the article describe achievements, it also focuses on barriers which impede the efficient development of the system and the LL process. The focus of the article lies in the LL process current state analysis; here the authors come to the conclusion that one of the main problems is that commanders misunderstand the LL process. Another obstacle is the way the identified LL are analysed at the strategic level of command. In the conclusion, recommendations describing the way the identified barriers can be overcome and thus ensure further process optimization are presented.
Possibility for Improving the Planning of the Needs of Food from Bulgarian Army Units when Participating in Humanitarian Operations
Authors: Nichev Nikolay 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The extended range of possible tasks before the Bulgarian Army units requires disclosure and enforcement of specific approaches and techniques with which available military resources to be used to assist the civilians, seeking help and protection. This paper is an attempt to define the norms of food for civilians in need of humanitarian assistance. The object of study is planning the Bulgarian army units involved in humanitarian operations. The theme of the study is the definition of food to help civilians seeking help and protection, based on available defense products. To achieve the objective there have been used norms of the armed forces of the Bulgarian army, medical recommendations for food consumption per capita in Bulgaria and the lessons learned with the participation of armed forces in humanitarian operations. For the purpose of the definition of food is necessary to express the need in kilograms. To achieve this task, the analysis is oriented towards the implementation of two subtasks: determination of daily energy needs of an individual, and second - conversion of the necessary calories into food.
Sports Training – Optimizing Mode of Improving the Motric Capacity in Preparation Military Students
Authors: Stănciulescu Robert 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Specialized studies show how a fighter should physically be, not just any fighter, but the one who possesses the qualities and features of the ideal model, i.e. those elements that define the near-perfect fighter. The demands of the modern battlefield impose a high quality human potential that provides a good basis for the selection and training of fighters. Resistance to physical, climate, season and weather condition demands, to the prolonged efforts fighting requires is one of the important conditions of success. The paper presents information with particular impact in optimizing exercise capacity for future officers of the land forces, emphasizing once again the idea that a high level of motric ability is an essential objective.
The Role of Communication in Enhancing Work Effectiveness of an Organization
Authors: Bucăţa George , Rizescu Alexandru Marius 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Communication is one of the most important levers of management that a company can implement for the formation of teams and achieving valuable performance. Communication and management are complementary disciplines and strong business elements for success. Management skills are essential in a business, but all equally important are those relating to the rules for the communication and the way in which a manager knows how to interact with his staff. Being manager not only means to rein in business, but mostly means knowing to coordinate a team, leadership skills and most of all, communicate.
Conceptual Specifications Regarding the Primacy of System Auditing Over Other Types of Auditing within the Ministry of Defense
Authors: Floştoiu Sebastian , Milandru Marius 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
At present, continuous effort is being made, in the field of internal public auditing, at the level of the Internal Auditing Board, to shift from compliance auditing, that verifies the accordance of the performed activities to the law, to system auditing which aims to monitor both the aspect of compliance and that of assessing the achievement of objectives within the frame of economy, efficiency and effectiveness. Consequently, we can state that system auditing is a result of the two types of auditing (compliance and operational) and that its promotion is of utmost necessity, due its superior quality. Within this general context, this study approaches system auditing in a logical manner, presenting a positive attitude and vision by setting forth opinions regarding the role of system auditing within missions of protection. Our purpose is to identify ways and solutions towards improving internal public system auditing within the MoD.
The outcome of the first 100 nasopharyngeal cancer patients in thailand treated by helical tomotherapy
Authors: Chitapanarux Imjai , Nobnop Wannapha , Sripan Patumrat , Chumachote Ausareeya , Tharavichitkul Ekkasit , Chakrabandhu Somvilai , Klunklin Pitchayaponne , Onchan Wimrak , Jia-Mahasap Bongkot , Janlaor Suwapim , Kayan Patcharawadee , Traisathit Patrinee , Van Gestel Dirk 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to analyse of two-year loco-regional failure free survival (LRFFS), distant metastasis free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity outcomes of the first 100 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in Thailand treated by helical tomotherapy.

Patients and methods
Between March 2012 and December 2015, 100 patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated by helical tomotherapy. All patients were treated by platinum-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.

Results
The median age was 51 years (interquartile ranges [IQR]: 42.5–57.0). The mean ± SD of D95% of planning target volume (PTV) 70, 59.4 and 54 were 70.2 ± 0.5, 59.8 ± 0.6, and 54.3 ± 0.8 Gy, respectively. The mean ± SD of conformity index, and homogeneity index were 0.89 ± 0.13 and 0.06 ± 0.07. Mean ± SD of D2 % of spinal cord and brainstem were 34.1 ± 4.4 and 53.3 ±6.3 Gy. Mean ± SD of D50 of contralateral and ipsilateral parotid gland were 28.4 ± 6.7 and 38.5 ± 11.2 Gy. At a median follow-up of 33 months (IQR: 25–41), the 2-year LRFFS, DMFS, OS were 94% (95%CI: 87–98%), 96% (95% CI: 89–98%), and 99% (95% CI: 93–100%), respectively. Acute grade 3 dermatitis, pharyngoesophagitis, and mucositis occurred in 5%, 51%, and 37%, respectively. Late pharyngoesophagitis grade 0 and 1 were found in 98% and 2% of patients. Late xerostomia grade 0, 1 and 2 were found in 17%, 78% and 5%, respectively.

Conclusions
Helical tomotherapy offers good dosimetric performance and achieves excellent treatment outcome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis and stenosis after implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators; A prospective study
Authors: Safi Morteza , Akbarzadeh Mohammad Ali , Azinfar Azadeh , Namazi Mohammad Hasan , Khaheshi Isa 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background. Obstruction of the access vein following cardiac pacemaker and defibrillator implantation is a common complication. However, the exact incidence and contributing risk factors are unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and analyze the contribution of each risk factor. Methods. 57 consecutive patients candidate for their first transvenous pacemaker, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), or cardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation were enrolled. After implantation, venography of the ipsilateral peripheral arm was performed. Patients underwent their second venography after the follow-up period of 3 to 6 months. Results. 42 patients (13 females, mean age 59.71 ± 12.33) completed the study. The followup venography showed significant venous obstruction (more than 50%) in 9 (21%) patients, but in none of the individuals, venography revealed total occlusion of the veins. Patients with obstruction had more leads in their veins (2.56 ± 0.53 vs 1.58 ± 0.71, P = 0.001). Venous obstruction was significantly more prevalent in patients with implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy device compared with an ICD or pacemaker (p = 0. 01). Age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and antiplatelet consumption did not reveal any other contribution to the risk of thrombosis. In multivariate analysis, total lead number was a positive predictor for venous occlusion (P = 0.015, OR:19.2, and CI: 1.7-207.1). Conclusion. Venous obstruction is relatively frequent after pacemaker or ICD implantation. This study also shows that pacemaker and ICD leads have a similar risk for lead-related venous obstruction. However, patients with multiple leads are associated with an increased risk.
Interpreting law in socio-pragmatic space
Authors: Bhatia Vijay K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUnlike any other form of professional communication, legal discourse, especially in a legislative context, is unique in the sense that it is full of contradictions. Firstly, it is highly depersonalized, as its illocutionary force is independent of any specific writer or reader, and yet it is meant to address a diverse range of audiences. Secondly, it is meant for ordinary citizens, but is written in a style that is meant only for legal specialists. Thirdly, although its primary function is to assign rights and impose obligations to act or prohibit action, it is written in a highly nominal style (language of thinking) rather than verbal style (language of doing). And finally, legislative provisions are meant to be “clear,” “precise,” “unambiguous,” on the one hand, and “all-inclusive,” on the other, which can be seen as a contratdiction in terms. Most of these seeming contradictions make it difficult for the various stakeholders, which include specialists as well as non-specialists, to manage “socio-pragmatic space” in the construction and, more importantly, interpretation of such provisions, particularly when they are interpreted in broadly socio-political contexts. Drawing on some of the contradictory interpretations of certain sections of the Basic Law, widely regarded as the mini-constitution of Hong Kong, this paper will identify and discuss key theoretical issues emerging from a diversity of meanings attributed to somewhat innocuous legislative constructions, which precipitated the “Occupy Central” movement, largely popularized as the symbolic “Umbrella Movement.” The paper thus attempts to highlight two rather different aspects of interpretation of legal meaning, one in the court of law for the negotiation of justice, and the other in wider socio-political and public domains where law is interpreted broadly with wider social implications.
“Susanna and the Elders”: On the visual semiotic of shame
Authors: Kozin Alexander 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper is located at the juncture of text and image, law and justice, religion and rationality, while its main subject is set to be visual expressions of the law-relevant emotion of shame. Specifically, I suggest that the late Renaissance academic depictions of “Susanna and the Elders,” based on The Holy Bible, “Daniel 13,” namely Rubens (1607), van Dyck (1621–1622), and Rembrandt (1647), disclose the conditions under which the authentic meaning of the text can be understood both beyond the moral denunciation of sinfulness and/or the study of the nude in a particular historical context of Flemish Baroque. In fact I argue that the three artists co-create and elaborate the Biblical text by drawing shame from its narrative structure in order to disclose this emotion in affection-image as being relevant to the legal process and central to the text. Special attention is given to the relationship between text and image. For my theoretic I use Jean-Paul Sartre’s theory of emotion and Gilles Deleuze’s work on visual arts.
Expiration dates: Performative illusions of law and regulation
Authors: Marusek Sarah 
Published: April 2017

AbstractExpiration dates on perishable food items provide some indication as to when the item was produced and how long it’s been sitting on the shelf. However, in the United States, expiration dates are voluntary and subjectively characterize the quality of food as such dates, implemented by the food’s manufacturer, are not legally mandated. Culturally speaking then, why do we pay so much attention to them? This paper will examine the relationship between expiration dates on food and the visual-based perceptions about law that inform these socio-legal semiotics of regulation while exploring the complexity of law concerning the symbolism, construction, and reception of such labels as either legal truth or legal fiction.
The Comparative Study of Cultural Differences of Slovak Inbound Tourists: A Need of Innovations
Authors: Fodranová Iveta , Kubičková Viera 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The aim of this article was to identify the cause of the negative attitude of Slovak population towards visitors by comparing the differences in national cultures on six primary Hofstede’s dimensions: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation and indulgence and provide comparison with Slovakia. The results revealed high score on power distance and masculinity. The high score of this two dimensions′ correlates with elements of expressions of superiority and negatively affects not only the way of communication between people from the same cultural and linguistic group, but also with individuals that come from a different cultural environment. Based on these results, it is necessary to develop a smarter marketing approach - strive for innovation and unique marketing activities for a more efficient communication.
The Signs and Priniciples of Goal Setting as a Specific Kind of Activity
Authors: Jurkovičová Lujza , Kubiniy Natalya , Kosovilka Tamila , Marhitich Viktoria 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The article is devoted to identifying the characteristics and principles of goal setting as part of the strategic management of the economic system. The article determines principles and characteristic features of goal setting as an activity. The authors propose the relationship between the individual and the principles of qualitative characteristics of goal-setting, which allows the process of management and decision-making to enhance the effectiveness of goal-setting characteristics through the activation of specific principles.
A Review of the Genus Exeristes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from Carpathians, with an Illustrated Key to Western Palaearctic Species.
Authors: Varga O. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Exeristes longiseta (Ratzeburg, 1844) and E. roborator (Fabricius, 1793), the Carpathian species of the genus Exeristes Förster, 1869, are reviewed. Exeristes longiseta is recorded for Ukraine for the first time. The following synonymy is established: E. ruficollis (Gravenhorst, 1829) = E. denticulator Aubert, 1983 syn. n. An illustrated key to Western Palaearctic species of the genus is provided.
Molecular Characterization of Lates niloticus (Perciformes, Latidae) Populations from three Nigerian Waterbodies using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Ogbuebunu K. E. , Awodiran M. O. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Thirty Lates niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) from three Nigerian waterbodies were genotyped on six RAPD primers and five microsatellites loci. RAPD revealed that effective number of alleles (AE) at population level per locus was within the range of 1.641 ± 0.066 to 1.645 ± 0.041 while the mean number of alleles (AN) across populations equals 2.000. Characterization on five microsatellites loci revealed genetic diversity within and among studied populations. Observed heterozygousity (HO) was within the range of 0.317 ± 0.335 to 0.523 ± 0.315 while expected heterozygousity (HE) was within the range of 0.414 ± 0.306 to 0.715 ± 0.097. Proportion of differentiation (FST) within populations was 0.236. Overall gene flow (Nm) among populations equals 0.806. This study established the successful use of RAPD and microsatellite as tools for studying population structure of fish species, especially L. niloticus. Thus, it can be concluded that L. niloticus in the three (3) sampled Nigerian waterbodies is undergoing evolution.
New Records of Mesites (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in Ukraine
Authors: Nazarenko V. Yu. , Gontarenko A. V. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
New records of two species of Mesites Schoenherr are provided, of them M. cunipes Boheman, 1838 is recorded for the first time from Ukraine. The key to differentiate these species from other members of the subfamily is provided.
The Impact of Electrographic Seizures on Developing Hippocampal Dendrites Is Calcineurin Dependent
Authors: Nishimura Masataka , Casanova J. R. , Swann John W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNeurobehavioral abnormalities are commonly associated with intractable childhood epilepsy. Studies from numerous labs have demonstrated cognitive and socialization deficits in rats and mice that have experienced early-life seizures. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. Previously, experiments have shown that recurrent seizures in infancy suppress the growth of hippocampal dendrites at the same time they impair learning and memory. Experiments in slice cultures have also demonstrated dendrite growth suppression. Here, we crossed calcineurin B1 (CaNB1) floxed and Thy1GFP-M mice to produce mice that were homozygous for the both the floxed CaNB1 and the Thy1GFP-M transgene. Littermates that were homozygous for wild-type CaNB1 and Thy1GFP-M served as controls. Hippocampal slice cultures from these mice were transfected with an AAV/hSyn-mCherry-Cre virus to eliminate CaNB1 from neurons. Immunohistochemical results showed that CaNB1 was eliminated from at least 90% of the transfected CA1 pyramidal cells. Moreover, the CaN-dependent nuclear translocation of the CREB transcription coactivator, CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivator 1 (CRTC1), was blocked in transfected neurons. Cell attach patch recordings combined with live multiphoton imaging demonstrated that the loss of CaNB1 did not prevent neurons from fully participating in electrographic seizure activity. Finally, dendrite reconstruction showed that the elimination of CaNB1 prevented seizure-induced decreases in both dendrite length and branch number. Results suggest that CaN plays a key role in seizure-induced dendrite growth suppression and may contribute to the neurobehavioral comorbidities of childhood epilepsy.
Temporal Regulation of GABAAReceptor Subunit Expression: Role in Synaptic and Extrasynaptic Communication in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Authors: Walton James C. , McNeill John K. , Oliver Khallyl A. , Albers H. Elliott 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRecent molecular studies suggest that the expression levels of δ and γ2 GABAAreceptor (GABAAR) subunits regulate the balance between synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA neurotransmission in multiple brain regions. We investigated the expression of GABAAδ and GABAAγ2 and the functional significance of a change in balance between these subunits in a robust local GABA network contained within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN). Muscimol, which can activate both synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAARs, injected into the SCN during the day phase advanced the circadian pacemaker, whereas injection of the extrasynaptic GABAAsuperagonist 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo(5,4-c)pyridin-3-ol (THIP) had no effect on circadian phase. In contrast, injection of either THIP or muscimol during the night was sufficient to block the phase shifting effects of light. Gene expression analysis of the whole SCN revealed different temporal patterns in GABAAδ and GABAAγ2 mRNA expression. When examined across all subregions of the SCN, quantitative immunohistochemical analysis found no significant variations in GABAAδ protein immunoreactivity (IR) but did find significant variations in GABAAγ2 protein-IR in hamsters housed in either LD cycles or in constant darkness. Remarkably, significant interactions in the ratio of GABAAδ:GABAAγ2 subunits between lighting condition and circadian phase occurred only within one highly discrete anatomical area of the SCN; a region that functions as the input for lighting information from the retina. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that the balance between synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAARs determines the functional response to GABA, and that this balance is differentially regulated in a region-specific manner.
Structural Similarities between Neuregulin 1–3 Isoforms Determine Their Subcellular Distribution and Signaling Mode in Central Neurons
Authors: Vullhorst Detlef , Ahmad Tanveer , Karavanova Irina , Keating Carolyn , Buonanno Andres 
Published: April 2017

The Neuregulin (NRG) family of ErbB ligands is comprised of numerous variants originating from the use of different genes, alternative promoters, and splice variants. NRGs have generally been thought to be transported to axons and presynaptic terminals where they signal via ErbB3/4 receptors in paracrine or juxtacrine mode. However, we recently demonstrated that unprocessed pro-NRG2 accumulates on cell bodies and proximal dendrites, and that NMDAR activity is required for shedding of its ectodomain by metalloproteinases. Here we systematically investigated the subcellular distribution and processing of major NRG isoforms in rat hippocampal neurons. We show that NRG1 isotypes I and II, which like NRG2 are single-pass transmembrane proteins with an Ig-like domain, share the same subcellular distribution and ectodomain shedding properties. We furthermore show that NRG3, like CRD-NRG1, is a dual-pass transmembrane protein that harbors a second transmembrane domain near its amino terminus. Both NRG3 and CRD-NRG1 cluster on axons through juxtacrine interactions with ErbB4 present on GABAergic interneurons. Interestingly, although single-pass NRGs accumulate as unprocessed proforms, axonal puncta of CRD-NRG1 and NRG3 are comprised of processed protein. Mutations of CRD-NRG1 and NRG3 that render them resistant to BACE cleavage, as well as BACE inhibition, result in the loss of axonal puncta and in the accumulation of unprocessed proforms in neuronal soma. Together, these results define two groups of NRGs with distinct membrane topologies and fundamentally different targeting and processing properties in central neurons. The implications of this functional diversity for the regulation of neuronal processes by the NRG/ErbB pathway are discussed.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNumerous Neuregulins (NRGs) are generated through the use of different genes, promoters, and alternative splicing, but the functional significance of this evolutionary conserved diversity remains poorly understood. Here we show that NRGs can be categorized by their membrane topologies. Single-pass NRGs, such as NRG1 Types I/II and NRG2, accumulate as unprocessed proforms on cell bodies, and their ectodomains are shed by metalloproteinases in response to NMDA receptor activation. By contrast, dual-pass CRD-NRG1 and NRG3 are constitutively processed by BACE and accumulate on axons where they interact with ErbB4 in juxtacrine mode. These findings reveal a previously unknown functional relationship between membrane topology, protein processing, and subcellular distribution, and suggest that single- and dual-pass NRGs regulate neuronal functions in fundamentally different ways.