bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Applications and Future Perspectives of Robots in Endodontics: A Scoping Review
Authors: Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen , Hamadallah Hatem Hazzaa , Aloufi Aseel Mohammed , Qurban Hatim A. , Hakeem Muhannad M. , Alghauli Mohammed Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn the era of modern advanced endodontics, the reduction of reliance on human hands and shifting towards robotics could benefit the precision and accuracy of endodontic treatment. This scoping review aims to describe current and emerging trends in the applications of robots in endodontics and highlight their limitations and future perspectives.MethodsThis review followed the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) standards. A comprehensive search of internet databases was conducted until February 2024. Studies that specifically examined robots in the field of endodontics were included.ResultsThe studies focused on root canal cleaning, shaping, surgical procedures, and other applications. Robotic systems demonstrated improved accuracy, precision, reduced errors, and time savings compared with manual techniques.ConclusionRobotics in endodontics show promise, especially in surgical procedures, with AI integration enhancing accuracy and efficiency. Challenges such as cost, physical limitations, and absence of tactile feedback require further research and investment.
On Sequences With Exponentially Distributed Gaps
Authors: Aistleitner Christoph , Hauke Manuel , Zafeiropoulos Agamemnon 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIt is well known that a sequence which has Poissonian correlations of all orders necessarily has exponentially distributed nearest‐neighbor gaps. It is natural to ask whether this implication also holds in the other direction, that is, whether a sequence with exponential gap distribution must have Poissonian correlations, and by an already known fact, must be equidistributed. We show that this assertion is generally false, by constructing a sequence that has exponential gap distribution but fails to be equidistributed (and as a consequence, also fails to have Poissonian correlations of any order and scale).
How Motivation for Undergraduate Physics Interacts With Learning Activities in a System With Built‐In Autonomy
Authors: Bøe Maria Vetleseter , Lauvland Anders , Henriksen Ellen Karoline 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSupporting student participation and learning in STEM involves motivating students to engage in the most effective learning activities. In this article, we study how student motivation interacts with learning activities, and we pay special attention to active learning and the Scandinavian context where participation in learning activities is largely voluntary. Twenty‐one undergraduate physics students at a large, research‐intensive university in Norway participated in nine focus group interviews at the beginning and end of the spring term of 2020. With self‐determination theory as a lens, our thematic analysis resulted in three themes: First, students' autonomous motivation came from mastery experiences and perceived learning, such as the joy of solving a problem. Second, active learning activities enabled students' autonomous motivation when these activities supported competence, for example through optimal challenge or with evident learning gains. In contrast, students experienced low or controlled motivation when excessive challenge and lack of mastery threatened their sense of competence. Third, students' sense of competence was strengthened by being part of a community of learners. The community ensured that help and mastery experiences were available, and interactions with the community made evident that other students struggle too. The emphasis on mastery and competence for these students is discussed considering how physics is associated with difficulty and extraordinary cleverness. We argue that the main threat for students who do not feel competent enough in physics is the threat of not belonging in physics due to this perceived lack of competence. Implications for teaching and research are discussed.
Systematizing Decisions in Design‐Based Research: From Theory to Design
Authors: Obczovsky Markus , Bernsteiner Angelika , Haagen‐Schützenhöfer Claudia , Schubatzky Thomas 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThere is a general consensus that design‐based research (DBR) is a genre of approaches in education research to design interventions for specific problems with the aim to gain an understanding of how they work in the problem context. While there is a considerable body of literature discussing the epistemic and methodological aspects of DBR, we found little guidance on how to actually design an intervention. The majority of research articles about DBR projects focus on the output of the projects rather than the process. In this article, we reflect on our approach to design processes in two DBR projects, with a particular focus on making and grounding design decisions. Our aim is to provide support to other researchers engaged in DBR projects and to contribute to a discussion about practices in DBR to contribute to design methodologies. We conclude with three key contributions. First, we emphasize the significance of awareness of design decisions as well as their groundings, advocating for thorough consideration of the applicability of theories, and transferability of empirical findings, as well as pragmatic and personal factors. Second, we recommend a flexibility in revising design decisions, allowing for meaningful refinement of interventions in response to evolving contexts and insights. Third, we propose a systematic approach to arrive at and document design decisions, facilitating communication within DBR projects and across research communities.
Coupled In Situ Electrical and Optical Characterization to Assess the Accelerated Aging of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Levtchenko Alexandra , Julien Arthur , McDermott Daniel , Puel Jean‐Baptiste , Guillemoles Jean‐François , Ory Daniel , Suchet Daniel 
Published: October 2024

While perovskite (PVK)‐based solar cells exhibit excellent efficiencies and require a relatively simple synthesis process, stability issues during operation severely limit their commercial development. Therefore, degradation studies have drawn much attention, but the plethoric literature highlights the complexity of the topic. Thus far, in most studies, pre‐ and postmortem analyses are performed and the system's performances before and after aging are compared, severely limiting the understanding of degradation pathways. By contrast, in situ characterization allows the degradation to be tracked in real time and the pathways to be fully explored. To this end, a coupled current–voltage (IV)–photoluminescence (PL) characterization bench is set up inside a climate chamber, allowing for the periodic acquisition of PL spectra and IV curves during accelerated aging. In this study, the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability protocol damp–heat test (65 °C, 85% relative humidity) is applied to several PVK solar cells with various transport layer combinations. By following the evolution kinetics of PL spectra and IV curves, insights into the nature of the degradation mechanisms are obtained. Notably, it becomes possible to distinguish performance losses due to degradation of the PVK absorber from those where extracting layers are the cause.
Sustainable utilization of basalt waste dust as replacement of river sand in one‐part geopolymer mortar
Authors: Jain Dipanshu , Adhikary Satadru Das 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith growing environmental concerns due to the excessive use of natural river sand in construction, finding sustainable alternatives is crucial. This study explores the potential of basalt waste dust, a by‐product of basalt rock crushing, as a replacement for river sand in one‐part geopolymer mortar. The experimental program is segmented into three series: replacing river sand with basalt waste dust at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%; adjusting the activator‐to‐binder ratio as 0.12, 0.15, 0.18, and 0.21; and modifying the aggregate‐to‐binder ratios (1, 1.4, 1.8, and 2.2). Results are discussed using various test results such as fresh property, hardened property, and microstructural property to provide a detailed analysis of mixture properties. Findings in series 1 reveal that replacing 50% of river sand with basalt waste dust optimally enhances the fresh and hardened properties of geopolymer mortar. In series 2, the varying activator‐to‐binder ratio with optimum replacement from series 1, activator‐to‐binder ratio 0.15, was found to be optimal, improving hardened properties. Further opting for this ratio in series 3 and increasing the aggregate‐to‐binder ratio to 2.2 was found to positively impact both the hardened and microstructural properties of one‐part geopolymer mortar. This study demonstrated that basalt waste dust plays a crucial role in these improvements and emphasizes the necessity of optimizing mix proportions to achieve superior performance, establishing basalt waste dust as a viable and sustainable alternative to river sand.
Design of alkali‐activated reactive powder concrete incorporating reactive MgO
Authors: Hossain Md Mamun , Sheikh M. Neaz , Hadi Muhammad N. S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the optimal mix combination of alkali‐activated reactive powder concrete (AARPC) incorporating reactive MgO (R‐MgO) under ambient curing conditions has been developed. The influence of R‐MgO, alkaline activator to binder (Al/Bi) ratio, binder to aggregate (Bi/Agg) ratio, and silicate modulus (SiO2/Na2O) on the properties of AARPC, including workability, flexural strength, and compressive strength, were investigated. A total of 18 trial experiments were designed based on Taguchi‐based weighted Grey relational analysis and executed, along with one confirmation experiment. It was found that the addition of R‐MgO improved the compressive strength by 15%, indicating a positive influence of R‐MgO on the compressive strength of AARPC. While the silicate modulus was the most significant factor influencing the properties of AARPC, R‐MgO emerged as the next most influential factor, followed by the Al/Bi ratio and Bi/Agg ratio. The optimum mix combination comprised 4% R‐MgO (% of binder), an Al/Bi ratio of 0.35, a Bi/Agg ratio of 0.90, and a silicate modulus of 1.5, which provided the highest compressive strength of 136.2 MPa with adequate workability.
Regulatory, socioeconomic, and meteorological predictors of harvest in marine recreational fisheries
Authors: Kasper Jacob M. , Shivers Nathan , Schultz Eric T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Open-access marine recreational fisheries are a major source of fishing mortality in the United States. These fisheries are difficult to manage, as anglers change their behavior in response to regulations, socioeconomic influences, and weather. Previous studies have suggested that regulations tend to become more restrictive to reduce fishing mortality. Here, we considered how regulatory, socioeconomic, and meteorological factors influence harvest.

Methods
We collected the regulatory histories for 20 species in the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Historical trends in regulations were analyzed using linear models. The daily harvest rate per species from 1997 to 2018, in defined time and geographic units, was analyzed for each species using Bayesian generalized linear models.

Result
Regulations tended to become more restrictive over time. The daily harvest rate of each species was influenced by a combination of regulatory, socioeconomic, and meteorological variables, suggesting a need for a broader consideration of nonregulatory factors when tailoring regulations. The influence of regulatory variables on daily harvest varied in sign among species; socioeconomic variables that had been previously demonstrated to influence recreational fishing participation had various associations with daily harvest. Additionally, as the number of days in the regulatory period decreased, daily harvest increased, indicating that anglers strategically modify their behavior in response to regulatory changes. Only some socioeconomic factors previously shown to determine angler participation were associated in the predicted direction with harvest. Finally, harvest changed in response to environmental factors, especially air temperature.

Conclusion
Bag limits and size limits were often not associated with harvest or were often in the direction not predicted. The efficacy of seasonal restrictions is limited by changes in angler behavior, and the efficacy of regulations designed to manage harvest is species-specific. Socioeconomic and meteorological factors are associated with harvest. Hence, effective regulations must be more tailored to the fishery and the socioeconomic and environmental context.
Translating weighted probabilistic bits to synthetic genetic circuits
Authors: Ciccone Matthew D. , Messina Carlos D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSynthetic genetic circuits in plants could be the next technological horizon in plant breeding, showcasing potential for precise patterned control over expression. Nevertheless, uncertainty in metabolic environments prevents robust scaling of traditional genetic circuits for agricultural use, and studies show that a deterministic system is at odds with biological randomness. We analyze the necessary requirements for assuring Boolean logic gate sequences can function in unpredictable intracellular conditions, followed by interpreted pathways by which a mathematical representation of probabilistic circuits can be translated to biological implementation. This pathway is utilized through translation of a probabilistic circuit model presented by Pervaiz that works through a series of bits; each composed of a weighted matrix that reads inputs from the environment and a random number generator that takes the matrix as bias and outputs a positive or negative signal. The weighted matrix can be biologically represented as the regulatory elements that affect transcription near promotors, allowing for an electrical bit to biological bit translation that can be refined through tuning using invertible logic prediction of the input to output relationship of a genetic response. Failsafe mechanisms should be introduced, possibly through the use of self‐eliminating CRISPR‐Cas9, dosage compensation, or cybernetic modeling (where CRISPR is clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and Cas9 is clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat‐associated protein 9). These safety measures are needed for all biological circuits, and their implementation is needed alongside work with this specific model. With applied responses to external factors, these circuits could allow fine‐tuning of organism adaptation to stress while providing a framework for faster complex expression design in the field.
Surgical training trends in the Americas: A cross‐continental assessment of minimally invasive surgery and open surgery among surgical trainees
Authors: Cassidy Benjamin P. , Stingl C. Sierra , Méndez Napoleón , Machain Gustavo M. , Vega‐Rivera Felipe , Ribeiro Marcelo A. F. , Sacoto Hernan , Ottolino Pablo , Beitia Susan K. , Quiodettis Martha , Rodas Edgar B. , Mallah Mike M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionMinimally invasive surgery (MIS) has become standard of care in many high‐income countries, but its adoption in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LICs/MICs) has been impeded by resource‐ and training‐related barriers. We hypothesized that trainees in MICs perform MIS procedures less often, and that as procedure complexity increases, the rate of MIS decreases.MethodsA 22‐question survey, distributed to representative leaders across Latin America, collected country‐specific graduating trainee case requirements and volumes for four index procedures (cholecystectomy, appendectomy, inguinal hernia repair, colectomy) using MIS or open surgery (OS). USA data was obtained from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed to determine whether the rate of MIS differed across all countries, procedure complexity classes, and high income countries (HICs)/MICs.ResultsSeven experts (70% response rate) completed the survey, representing: Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, and Paraguay. The percentage of MIS completed by trainees varied with mean and interquartile ranges as follows: cholecystectomy (60% ± 54%), appendectomy (41% ± 69%), inguinal hernia repair (19% ± 23%), colectomy (16% ± 29%). There was a significant difference in mean MIS experience across the eight countries (H = 17.6, p = 0.014) and between most complex and least complex procedures (p = 0.039). No difference was found between MICs and HICs (p = 0.786).ConclusionsWe found a significant difference of general surgery trainee exposure to MIS versus OS across the Americas, but the difference was not significantly associated with World Bank Income Groups. Different trainee experiences with MIS and OS may highlight an opportunity for international and bidirectional collaboration.
Nanotechnology‐Assisted CAR‐T‐Cell Therapy for Tumor Treatment
Authors: Wang Yixin , Barrett Allie , Hu Quanyin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe adoptive transfer of T cells redirected by chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has made a dramatic breakthrough in defeating hematological malignancies. However, in solid tumor treatment, CAR‐T‐cell therapy has attained limited therapeutic benefits due to insufficient infiltration and expansion, rapidly diminishing function following adoptive transfer, and severe life‐threatening toxicities. To address these challenges, advancements in nanotechnology have utilized innovative approaches to devise stronger CAR‐T cells with reduced toxicity and enhanced anti‐tumor activity. Equipping CAR‐T cells with multifunctional nanoparticles can abrogate immunosuppressive signaling in the tumor area, augment the functions of CAR‐T cells, and mitigate their toxicity against normal tissues. Additionally, nanoparticle‐mediated CAR‐T‐cell programming has the potential to optimize manufacturing and lower the cost for the broader implementation of CAR‐T‐cell therapy. In this review, we introduce the obstacles to be surmounted in CAR‐T‐cell therapy, highlight the nanotechnology‐based strategies that aim to enrich the therapeutic applications of CAR‐T‐cell therapy, and envision the prospect of nanoparticle‐assisted CAR‐T‐cell therapy.
Introduction
Authors: Pisarevskaya Asya , Scholten Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCities are the places where migration-related diversities often become the most manifest. It is where migrants usually arrive, where they make contact with others, where they find housing, jobs and schooling, and from where they sometimes also depart, often to other cities. Migration and diversity are often key parts of the historical development and economic positioning of cities. Many cities were built on migration and continue to be primary magnets for migrants from all over the world. Think about how global cities as London, New York and Shanghai evolved as key cities of migration, or how the economy of port cities as Rotterdam, Marseille, Naples and Cape Town continues to be deeply entwined with migration.
Conceptualizing the Plurality of Urban Diversities
Authors: Pisarevskaya Asya , Scholten Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA systematic approach towards capturing and understanding the variation of urban diversities, requires a careful conceptualization of urban diversities. In migration studies there has been a growing interest for the ‘local dimension’ of migration-related diversities (Borkert & Caponio, 2010). In this book we develop the thesis that this local dimension brings a plurality of urban diversities. However, in order to capture this plurality, we need a proper understanding of relevant dimensions on which urban diversities can vary. Often, urban diversities are described in terms of different degrees of diversity, such as in terms of ‘minority’ cities with significant migrant groups or ‘majority-minority’ cities where the majority of a city has a migration background (Crul, 2016). Or it is described in terms of spatial unevenness of distribution of people with and without a migration background, or ‘segregation’.
Towards a Typology of Urban Diversities
Authors: Pisarevskaya Asya , Scholten Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHow and why do some cities develop such different diversity configurations? And what is the relation between diversity and segregation levels and broader economic situation, migration history and political factors? After the analysis presented the previous chapters we know how 16 selected cities compare to each other in terms of mobilities, inequalities and broader political-institutional setting. However, to understand how these factors are related to diversity and segregation, requires a further step of analysis. To this aim, in this chapter we make the step towards a typology of cities of migration.
The SM expected branching ratio for h → γγ and an excess for h → Zγ
Authors: He Xiao-Gang , Huang Zhong-Lv , Li Ming-Wei , Liu Chia-Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The recent measurements of h → Zγ from ATLAS and CMS show an excess of the signal strength μZ = $$ {\left(\sigma \cdotp \mathcal{B}\right)}_{\textrm{obs}}/{\left(\sigma \cdotp \mathcal{B}\right)}_{\textrm{SM}} $$

σ
·
B

obs

/

σ
·
B

SM

= 2.2 ± 0.7, normalized as 1 in the standard model (SM). If confirmed, it would be a signal of new physics (NP) beyond the SM. We study NP explanation for this excess. In general, for a given model, it also affects the process h → γγ. Since the measured branching ratio for this process agrees well with the SM prediction, the model is severely constrained. We find that a minimally fermion singlets and doublet extended NP model can explain simultaneously the current data for h → Zγ and h → γγ. There are two solutions. Although both solutions enhance the amplitude of h → Zγ to the observed one, in one of the solutions the amplitude of h → γγ flips sign to give the observed branching ratio. This seems to be a contrived solution although cannot be ruled out simply using branching ratio measurements alone. However, we find another solution that naturally enhances h → Zγ to the measured value, but keeps the amplitude of h → γγ close to its SM prediction. We also comment on the phenomenology associated with these new fermions.
The energy-frequency diagram of the (1+1)-dimensional Φ4 oscillon
Authors: Alexeeva N. V. , Barashenkov I. V. , Dika Alain , De Sousa Raphael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Two different methods are used to study the existence and stability of the (1+1)-dimensional Φ4 oscillon. The variational technique approximates it by a periodic function with a set of adiabatically changing parameters. An alternative approach treats oscillons as standing waves in a finite-size box; these are sought as solutions of a boundary-value problem on a two-dimensional domain. The numerical analysis reveals that the standing wave’s energy-frequency diagram is fragmented into disjoint segments with ωn+1< ω < ωn, where ωn = ω0/(n + 1), n = 0, 1, 2, . . ., and ω0 is the endpoint of the continuous spectrum (mass threshold of the model). The variational approximation involving the first, zeroth and second harmonic components provides an accurate description of the oscillon with the frequency in (ω1, ω0), but breaks down as ω falls out of that interval.