bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic optical properties of a homoepitaxial (Zn,Mg)O/ZnO quantum well grown on a‐plane ZnO substrate
Authors: Mohammed Ali Mohammed J. , Chauveau J.M. , Bretagnon T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe optical properties of homoepitaxial non‐polar (Zn,Mg)O/ZnO single quantum wells (QWs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a‐plane (11‐20) ZnO substrates are investigated by using reflectance and continuous wave photoluminescence spectroscopies. The reflectivity and CW‐PL spectra measured at low temperature reveal strong in‐plane optical anisotropies and clear reflectance structures. The signatures of confined excitons analogous to C‐exciton and (A, B)‐excitons in bulk ZnO, are detected using light polarized respectively along the c‐axis and perpendicular to this axis. Temperature dependence of CW‐PL has been investigated in the two polarizations. For electric field of the light perpendicular to the c‐axis the total intensity of the PL lines decreases by about an order of magnitude when the temperature increases from 8 K to room temperature. At low temperature a line associated to an excitonic complex dominates the PL spectrum. When the temperature increases the intensity of this line decreases as the intensity of the line associated to the free exciton increases. In the other polarization for temperature above 100 K a new line appears in the spectrum. Its intensity increases with temperature. This feature is associated to the c‐like free exciton. The degree of polarization of these lines is independent of temperature. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Defect related emission of ZnO and ZnO Cu nanocrystals prepared by electrochemical method
Authors: Torchynska T. V. , El Filali B. , Ballardo Rodríguez I. Ch. , Shcherbyna L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL), its temperature dependence, and SEM images have been applied for the comparative study of the ZnO and ZnO Cu nanocrystals (NCs). NCs were created by the electrochemical (anodization) method with different NC sizes and annealed at 400 °C for 2 hours in ambient air. PL spectra show a near band edge (NBE) emission and three defect‐related PL bands in ZnO NCs, and four defect‐related PL bands in ZnO Cu NCs. The defect related PL band with the peak at 2.60‐2.70 eV is connected with the Cu complexes in ZnO Cu NCs. PL spectra of all PL bands in both NC types were studied in the temperature range 10‐300 K. Their integrated PL intensities and the activation energies of PL thermal decays have been estimated. It is shown that the PL intensities of defect related PL bands have been stimulated essentially at doping by the small Cu concentration (2.2%) in ZnO Cu NCs. It is revealed additionally that the Cu doping leads to decreasing the activation energies of thermal decay for the defect related PL bands in ZnO Cu NCs in comparison with those in ZnO NCs. The physical reason of this effect and the mechanisms of optical transitions for defect related PL bands in ZnO NCs have been discussed. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multi‐band radiation detector based on HgCdTe heterostructure
Authors: Kryshtab T. , Savkina R. K. , Smirnov A. B. , Kladkevich M. , Samoylov V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe describe multi‐band radiation detector based on HgCdTe/Si heterostructure, which exhibits sensitivity in the MWIR and LWIR spectral range without cryogenic cooling to achieve useful performance. The noise equivalent power (NEP) for one of the detectors studied reached NEP296 K= 3.8×10‐13W/Hz1/2. HgCdTe‐based heterostructure is also considered as sub‐THz detector. The sensitivity of HgCdTe‐based heterostructure for sub‐THz radiation was found after the oblique‐incidence (45°) bombardment with silver ions (140 keV). The signal was detected without antenna and amplification and NEP at ν≈140 GHz and 296 K reaches 4.5×10‐8W/Hz1/2. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Can we detect Li K X‐ray in lithium compounds using energy dispersive spectroscopy?
Authors: Hovington Pierre , Timoshevskii Vladimir , Burgess Simon , Demers Hendrix , Statham Peter , Gauvin Raynald , Zaghib Karim 
Published: February 2016

SummaryLithium is the key element for the development of battery and new technology and the development of an analytical technique to spatially and quantitatively resolve this element is of key importance. Detection of Li K in pure metallic lithium is now possible in the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with newly designed Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). However, this work is clearly showing, for the first time using EDS, the detection of Li K in several binary lithium compounds (LiH, Li3N, Li2S, LiF and LiCl). Experimental Li K X‐rays intensity is compared with a specially modified Monte Carlo simulation program showing discrepancies between theoretical and experimental Li K measurements. The effect of chemical bounding on the X‐rays emission using density functional theory with the all‐electron linearized augmented plane wave is showing that the emission of Li K from the binary compounds studied should be, at least, 12 times lower than in metallic Li. SCANNING 38:571–578, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concise Review: Cell-Based Therapies and Other Non-Traditional Approaches for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Creusot Remi J. , Battaglia Manuela , Roncarolo Maria-Grazia , Fathman C. Garrison 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The evolution of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) therapy has been marked by consecutive shifts, from insulin replacement to immunosuppressive drugs and targeted biologics (following the understanding that T1D is an autoimmune disease), and to more disease-specific or patient-oriented approaches such as antigen-specific and cell-based therapies, with a goal to provide efficacy, safety, and long-term protection. At the same time, another important paradigm shift from treatment of new onset T1D patients to prevention in high-risk individuals has taken place, based on the hypothesis that therapeutic approaches deemed sufficiently safe may show better efficacy if applied early enough to maintain endogenous β cell function, a concept supported by many preclinical studies. This new strategy has been made possible by capitalizing on a variety of biomarkers that can more reliably estimate the risk and rate of progression of the disease. More advanced (“omic”-based) biomarkers that also shed light on the underlying contributors of disease for each individual will be helpful to guide the choice of the most appropriate therapies, or combinations thereof. In this review, we present current efforts to stratify patients according to biomarkers and current alternatives to conventional drug-based therapies for T1D, with a special emphasis on cell-based therapies, their status in the clinic and potential for treatment and/or prevention.
Wnt3a, a Protein Secreted by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Neuroprotective and Promotes Neurocognitive Recovery Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zhao Yuhai , Gibb Stuart L. , Zhao Jing , Moore Anthony N. , Hylin Michael J. , Menge Tyler , Xue Hasen , Baimukanova Gyulnar , Potter Daniel , Johnson Evan M. , Holcomb John B. , Cox Charles S. , Dash Pramod K. , Pati Shibani 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Intravenous administration of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to reduce blood brain barrier compromise and improve neurocognition following traumatic brain injury (TBI). These effects occur in the absence of engraftment and differentiation of these cells in the injured brain. Recent studies have shown that soluble factors produced by MSCs mediate a number of the therapeutic effects. In this study, we sought to determine if intravenous administration of MSCs (IV-MSCs) could enhance hippocampal neurogenesis following TBI. Our results demonstrate that IV-MSC treatment attenuates loss of neural stem cells and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in TBI injured mice. As Wnt signaling has been implicated in neurogenesis, we measured circulating Wnt3a levels in serum following IV-MSC administration and found a significant increase in Wnt3a. Concurrent with this increase, we detected increased activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, IV recombinant Wnt3a treatment provided neuroprotection, promoted neurogenesis, and improved neurocognitive function in TBI injured mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate a role for Wnt3a in the therapeutic potential of MSCs and identify Wnt3a as a potential stand-alone therapy or as part of a combination therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TBI.
Contract-based verification of MATLAB-style matrix programs
Authors: Wiik Jonatan , Boström Pontus 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
MATLAB/Simulink is a popular toolset for developing embedded software. The main target of the toolset is numerical computing applications and the tools offer a rich language for manipulating matrices. This paper presents an approach to automatic, modular, contract-based verification of programs written in a subset of the MATLAB programming language. We focus on efficient handling of the built-in matrix manipulation functions commonly used in MATLAB. We restrict ourselves to the subset of MATLAB suitable for code generation, which means matrix types and shapes can be determined statically. We present an approach to static type and shape inference for matrices that is more strict than MATLAB, but aids verification. The type and shape information is then used in the verification. From the programs and contracts we generate verification conditions that are discharged with an off-the-shelf SMT solver. We discuss two approaches to encode matrix functions and evaluate them on a number of examples. We also investigate the use of k-induction to decrease the need for user annotations. We found our approach to be efficient for programs that manipulate relatively small matrices, which are common in embedded applications.
Indo-western Pacific ocean capacitor and coherent climate anomalies in post-ENSO summer: A review
Authors: Xie Shang-Ping , Kosaka Yu , Du Yan , Hu Kaiming , Chowdary Jasti S. , Huang Gang 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
ENSO induces coherent climate anomalies over the Indo-western Pacific, but these anomalies outlast SST anomalies of the equatorial Pacific by a season, with major effects on the Asian summer monsoon. This review provides historical accounts of major milestones and synthesizes recent advances in the endeavor to understand summer variability over the Indo-Northwest Pacific region. Specifically, a large-scale anomalous anticyclone (AAC) is a recurrent pattern in post-El Ni˜no summers, spanning the tropical Northwest Pacific and North Indian oceans. Regarding the ocean memory that anchors the summer AAC, competing hypotheses emphasize either SST cooling in the easterly trade wind regime of the Northwest Pacific or SST warming in the westerly monsoon regime of the North Indian Ocean. Our synthesis reveals a coupled ocean–atmosphere mode that builds on both mechanisms in a two-stage evolution. In spring, when the northeast trades prevail, the AAC and Northwest Pacific cooling are coupled via wind–evaporation–SST feedback. The Northwest Pacific cooling persists to trigger a summer feedback that arises from the interaction of the AAC and North Indian Ocean warming, enabled by the westerly monsoon wind regime. This Indo-western Pacific ocean capacitor (IPOC) effect explains why El Ni˜no stages its last act over the monsoonal Indo-Northwest Pacific and casts the Indian Ocean warming and AAC in leading roles. The IPOC displays interdecadal modulations by the ENSO variance cycle, significantly correlated with ENSO at the turn of the 20th century and after the 1970s, but not in between. Outstanding issues, including future climate projections, are also discussed.
ICD‐10 Medical Coding: The Role of Perioperative Services in Addressing Implementation Challenges
Authors: Wing Toni L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD‐10) was adopted in the United States on October 1, 2015. Replacing the outdated ICD, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) coding system was long overdue, and the updated classifications were needed to accurately collect data and improve patient care. However, the complexity of ICD‐10 may present substantial challenges for health information management coders and affect hospital revenue collection. Because the OR generates a large share of a hospital's overall revenue, perioperative services personnel must take a critical look at ICD‐10 changes and address adoption challenges to minimize the negative effects ICD‐10 may have on surgical revenue and help personnel identify perioperative services’ important role in ICD‐10 implementation.
Clinical Issues‐February 2016
Authors: Van Wicklin Sharon A. , Chambers Kerrie , Klacik Susan 
Published: February 2016

This monthUsing an automated washer or washer/disinfector that includes a lubrication cycle to process implantsKey words: surgical implants, lubrication, critical water.Using items packaged in impervious packages if droppedKey words: impervious package, dropped items, event‐related sterility.Using a normal saline solution rather than sterile water to wipe instruments and flush lumens during surgical proceduresKey words: normal saline solution, sterile water, lumens, gross soil.Wicking versus blotting excess skin antiseptics in a gel formKey words: wicking, blotting, skin antiseptics.Silver‐based dressings and risk of patient injury if left in place during a surgical procedureKey words: silver‐based dressings, surgical procedures, patient injuries.
Integrating Simulations Into Perioperative Education for Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Bashaw Marie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIncorporating high‐fidelity simulations into an undergraduate nursing program's perioperative elective course capitalizes on students’ active learning. Simulations allow students the opportunity to assess and participate in clinical scenarios, apply standards, and demonstrate correct nursing actions without compromising patient safety. Incorporating a high‐risk, low‐volume malignant hyperthermia simulation experience into the undergraduate nursing curriculum emphasizes active learning and provides an opportunity for students to experience an uncommon emergency perioperative event. A high‐fidelity malignant hyperthermia simulation links a scenario with course content, incorporates didactic information from previous courses, and emphasizes the importance of debriefing.
The Impact of User Review Volume on Consumers’ Willingness-to-Pay: A Consumer Uncertainty Perspective
Authors: Wu Yinglu , Wu Jianan 
Published: February 2016

Numerous studies have investigated the impact of review volume and review variance on product price, but their findings are mixed. The perspective of mismatch cost framework (e.g., Sun 2012) argues that, at the market level, the impact of review variance on product price varies with review valence due to diverse product tastes across individuals. The perspective of classic expected utility framework (e.g., Wu and Ayala Gaytán 2013; Wu et al. 2013) further argues that heterogeneous risk attitudes across individuals directly drives the varying impact of both review volume and variance on willingness-to-pay, regardless of review valence. Although both frameworks have gained good empirical support, neither of them probed whether the impact of review volume or review variance varies within an individual. We extend the current research by focusing on the varying impact of review volume on consumers’ willingness-to-pay. Combining economic and behavioral theories of decisions under uncertainty, we argue that consumers’ preferences of uncertainty can vary both across and within individuals. The extended framework thus concludes that the impact of review volume on consumers’ willingness-to-pay not only varies across individuals with different types of uncertainty preferences, but may also change with review valence within an individual of some types of uncertainty preferences. The framework is tested using an experimental study and an empirical study. Results from both studies provide good support for this broader framework.
Doing One's Reasonable Best: What Moral Responsibility Requires
Authors: MONTMINY MARTIN 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT:Moral responsibility, I argue, requires agents to do what is within their abilities to act morally. This means that an agent is to blame just in case his wrongdoing is due to an underperformance, that is, to a failure to do what he can to act morally. I defend this account by considering a skeptical argument about responsibility put forth by Gideon Rosen and by Michael Zimmerman. I explain why the epistemic condition they endorse is inadequate and why my alternative epistemic condition, which directly follows from my general condition on culpability, should be preferred. I then defend my view against potential criticisms.
Margination of white blood cells: a computational approach by a hydrodynamic phase field model
Authors: Marth Wieland , Aland Sebastian , Voigt Axel 
Published: February 2016

We numerically investigate margination of white blood cells and demonstrate the dependency on a number of conditions including haematocrit, the deformability of the cells and the Reynolds number. The approach, which is based on a mesoscopic hydrodynamic Helfrich-type model, reproduces previous results, e.g. a decreasing tendency for margination with increasing deformability and a non-monotonic dependency on haematocrit. The consideration of inertia effects, which may be of relevance in various parts of the cardiovascular system, indicates a decreasing tendency for margination with increasing Reynolds number. The effect is discussed by analysing inertial and non-inertial lift forces for single cells under different flow conditions and large-scale two-dimensional simulations of interacting red blood cells and white blood cells in an idealized blood vessel.
Pea weevil damage and chemical characteristics of pea cultivars determining their resistance to Bruchus pisorum L.
Authors: Nikolova I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBruchus pisorum (L.) is one of the most intractable pest problems of cultivated pea in Europe. Development of resistant cultivars is very important to environmental protection and would solve this problem to a great extent. Therefore, the resistance of five spring pea cultivars was studied to B. pisorum: Glyans, Modus; Kamerton and Svit and Pleven 4 based on the weevil damage and chemical composition of seeds. The seeds were classified as three types: healthy seeds (type one), damaged seeds with parasitoid emergence holes (type two) and damaged seeds with bruchid emergence holes (type three). From visibly damaged pea seeds by pea weevil B. pisorum was isolated the parasitoid Triaspis thoracica Curtis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Modus, followed by Glyans was outlined as resistant cultivars against the pea weevil. They had the lowest total damaged seed degree, loss in weight of damaged seeds (type two and type three) and values of susceptibility coefficients. A strong negative relationship (r = −0.838) between the weight of type one seeds and the proportion of type three seeds was found. Cultivars with lower protein and phosphorus (P) content had a lower level of damage. The crude protein, crude fiber and P content in damaged seeds significantly or no significantly were increased as compared with the healthy seeds due to weevil damage. The P content had the highest significant influence on pea weevil infestation. Use of chemical markers for resistance to the creation of new pea cultivars can be effective method for defense and control against B. pisorum.
Attribution ofSalmonella entericaserotype Hadar infections using antimicrobial resistance data from two points in the food supply system
Authors: VIEIRA A. R. , GRASS J. , FEDORKA-CRAY P. J. , PLUMBLEE J. R. , TATE H. , COLE D. J. 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYA challenge to the development of foodborne illness prevention measures is determining the sources of enteric illness. Microbial subtyping source-attribution models attribute illnesses to various sources, requiring data characterizing bacterial isolate subtypes collected from human and food sources. We evaluated the use of antimicrobial resistance data on isolates ofSalmonella entericaserotype Hadar, collected from ill humans, food animals, and from retail meats, in two microbial subtyping attribution models. We also compared model results when either antimicrobial resistance or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were used to subtype isolates. Depending on the subtyping model used, 68–96% of the human infections were attributed to meat and poultry food products. All models yielded similar outcomes, with 86% [95% confidence interval (CI) 80–91] to 91% (95% CI 88–96) of the attributable infections attributed to turkey, and 6% (95% CI 2–10) to 14% (95% CI 8–20) to chicken. Few illnesses (<3%) were attributed to cattle or swine. Results were similar whether the isolates were obtained from food animals during processing or from retail meat products. Our results support the view that microbial subtyping models are a flexible and robust approach for attributingSalmonellaHadar.
Impact of marine vertebrates on Antarctic terrestrial micro-arthropods
Authors: Bokhorst Stef , Convey Peter 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTraits of primary producers associated with tissue quality are commonly assumed to have strong control over higher trophic levels. However, this view is largely based on studies of vascular plants, and cryptogamic vegetation has received far less attention. In this study natural gradients in nutrient concentrations in cryptogams associated with the proximity of penguin colonies on a Maritime Antarctic island were utilized to quantify the impact of nitrogen content on micro-arthropod communities. Proximity to penguin colonies increased the nitrogen concentration of cryptogams, and the penguin source was confirmed by decreasing δ15N values at greater distances from colonies. Micro-arthropod abundance, diversity (H’) and richness declined with distance from the penguin colonies, and was positively correlated with the nitrogen concentrations of cryptogams. Δ15N of micro-arthropods was positively correlated (r2=0.865, P<0.01) with δ15N of the moss Andreaea depressinervis indicating that penguin-derived nitrogen moves through Antarctic food webs across multiple trophic levels. Nitrogen content of cryptogams was correlated with associated micro-arthropods indicating that biotic interactions affect community development in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. The spatial patterns of Antarctic biodiversity can therefore be affected by local factors, such as marine vertebrates, beyond existing latitudinal patterns of temperature and water availability.
Unifying structured recursion schemes
Authors: HINZE RALF , WU NICOLAS 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFolds and unfolds have been understood as fundamental building blocks for total programming, and have been extended to form an entire zoo of specialised structured recursion schemes. A great number of these schemes were unified by the introduction of adjoint folds, but more exotic beasts such as recursion schemes from comonads proved to be elusive. In this paper, we show how the two canonical derivations of adjunctions from (co)monads yield recursion schemes of significant computational importance: monadic catamorphisms come from the Kleisli construction, and more astonishingly, the elusive recursion schemes from comonads come from the Eilenberg–Moore construction. Thus, we demonstrate that adjoint folds are more unifying than previously believed.