bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-stack Seismic Inversion and Attribute Analysis in Shallow Offshore of Krishna-Godavari Basin, India
Authors: Das Baisakhi , Chatterjee Rima , Singha Dip Kumar , Kumar Rajan 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Seismic attributes such as: amplitude envelope, instantaneous phase and cosine of instantaneous phase of 2D post-stack seismic data facilitates structural and stratigraphic interpretation of shallow marine offshore, Krishna-Godavari basin. Two seismic sections namely, X and Y oriented N-S passing through wells W-1 and W-2 respectively are considered for seismic attribute analysis and porosity prediction. The gamma ray log trend indicates deposition of cleaning upward sediment. Coarsening upward, clayey-silty-sandy bodies, making a series of about 50-60 m thickness, have been evidenced from the gamma ray log. An extensional structural style comprising growth faults is associated with the progradational style of deposition. Four seismic zones have been distinguished. These zones differ in amplitude, frequency and continuity of the reflectors. Channel sands of Cretaceous age of Raghavapuram shale are identified in well log, seismic section and its acoustic impedance section. Major stratigraphic horizons along with faults extending to basement are marked with the help of attribute analysis. Porosity is mapped from transformation of acoustic impedance. The shales/unconsolidated sediments measure a high porosity with low impedance and the more porous sands are in an intermediate range. The predicted impedance and porosity values may be erroneous beyond the drilled depth because of non availability of well log data for calibration.
Risk Assessment of Metals from Groundwater in Northeast Rajasthan
Authors: Duggal Vikas , Rani Asha , Mehra Rohit , Balaram V. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to investigate trace metal (Li, Be, B, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As Se, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba and Pb) concentrations of drinking water samples in northeast Rajasthan, India. Furthermore, the study aimed to ascertain carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of metals by ingestion and dermal absorption pathways to the local residents. Metal concentrations were analyzed by using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and compared with permissible limits set by the Bureau of Indian Standards, United States Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization. The results indicate that the concentrations of Be, B, Al, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Sb and Ba were lower than their respective permissible limits, whereas the concentrations of Mn, Ni, Se, Cd and Pb in some samples were higher than their permissible limits. The total hazard index (summing the hazard index through ingestion and dermal routes) at all the sampling sites exceeded or nearing unity, indicating the presence of non-carcinogenic health effects from ingestion of water and dermal contact with water. The results indicate that the total excess lifetime cancer risk (considering both ingestion and dermal exposure pathways) of metals exposure was in accordance to the acceptable lifetime risks for carcinogens in drinking water (10−6–10−4). Both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were mainly attributed to the ingestion pathways.
Vaccination and autoimmune diseases: is prevention of adverse health effects on the horizon?
Authors: Vadalà Maria , Poddighe Dimitri , Laurino Carmen , Palmieri Beniamino 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAutoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus, affect about 5% of the worldwide population. In the last decade, reports have accumulated on various autoimmune disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, myopericarditis, primary ovarian failure, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), following vaccination. In this review, we discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of autoimmune reactions following vaccinations and review cases of autoimmune diseases that have been correlated with vaccination. Molecular mimicry and bystander activation are reported as possible mechanisms by which vaccines can cause autoimmune reactions. The individuals who might be susceptible to develop these reactions could be especially not only those with previous post-vaccination phenomena and those with allergies but also in individuals who are prone to develop autoimmune diseases, such as those with a family history of autoimmunity or with known autoantibodies, and the genetic predisposed individuals.Further research is encouraged into the direct associations between vaccines and autoimmune conditions, and the biological mechanisms behind them.
Beyond Broken Bodies and Brains: A Mixed Methods Study of Mental Health and Life Transitions After Brain Injury
Authors: Glintborg Chalotte , Thomsen Ane S. , Hansen Tia G.B. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: Clients with an acquired brain injury (ABI) are at risk of mental health problems and it has been argued that transitions throughout the rehabilitation process are a challenge for rehabilitation practice; however, the link between transitions and psychosocial outcome has been under-researched. Therefore, this study aims to (1) investigate the status of clients with moderate or severe ABI two-year post-discharge on the following outcomes variables: Physical and cognitive function, depression, quality of life, civil and work status, (2) examine correlations between these outcomes and (3) explore through qualitative interviews the subjective experiences of individuals with ABI in order to increase our understanding of clients’ perspectives on this outcome and its relation to life transitions in a two-year period.Method: 37 individuals aged 18–66 with moderate or severe ABI were interviewed two years after discharge. At this time, they also completed standard measures of depression (MDI), quality of life (WHOQOL-bref) and functional independence (FIM™). Historical data of their FIM™ status at discharge were obtained for comparison.Results: We found psychological problems two years post-hospitalization, especially depression (35.1%) and decreased psychological QOL (61%). Analysis of interviews found six main factors perceived as important for psychosocial outcome: family relations, return to work, waiting lists, psychological support, fatigue and personal competences.Conclusions: Clients’ status two years post-hospitalization is often characterized by psychological problems. Based on clients’ accounts, we found a connection between psychosocial outcome and life transition experiences and developed a model of factors that are perceived as helping and hindering positive outcome.
Statistical analysis of dental variation in the Oligocene equidMiohippus(Mammalia, Perissodactyla) of Oregon
Authors: Famoso Nicholas A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAs many as eight species of the “anchitherine” equidMiohippushave been identified from the John Day Formation of Oregon, but no statistical analysis of variation in these horses has yet been conducted to determine if that level of diversity is warranted. Variation of the anterior-posterior length and transverse width of upper and lower teeth of Turtle Cove MemberMiohippuswas compared to that ofM.equinanus,Mesohippus bairdii,Equus quagga, andTapirus terrestrisusingttests of their coefficients of variation (V). None of thettests are significant, indicating that the variation seen in Turtle CoveMiohippusis not significantly different from any of the populations of other perissodactyls examined in this study. Data also indicate thatMesohippusis present in the Turtle Cove Member. Additionally, hypostyle condition, used to diagnose all species ofMiohippus, was found to be related to stage of wear using an ordered logistic regression. Only two species of equid, oneMiohippusand oneMesohippus, in the Turtle Cove Member can be identified, therefore onlyMiohippus annectens, the genotype and first species described from the region, can be recognized as the soleMiohippusspecies known from the Turtle Cove assemblage. There are insufficient data to determine which species ofMesohippusis present. The dependence of hypostyle condition on crown height inMiohippusimplies that wear stage must also be considered in investigations of dental morphology in the “Anchitheriinae.”
On the Formation of the First Quasars
Authors: Valiante Rosa , Agarwal Bhaskar , Habouzit Melanie , Pezzulli Edwige 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObservations of the most luminous quasars at redshiftz> 6 reveal the existence of numerous supermasssive black holes (>199M⊙) already in place about 12 billion years ago. In addition, the interstellar medium of the galaxies hosting these black holes are observed to be chemically mature systems, with metallicities (Z> Z⊙) and dust masses (>108M⊙) similar to that of more evolved, local galaxies. The connection between the rapid growth of the first supermassive black holes and the fast chemical evolution of the host galaxy is one of the most puzzling issues for theoretical models. Here, we review state-of-the-art theoretical models that focus on this problem with particular emphasis on the conditions that lead to the formation of quasar seeds and their subsequent evolution atz⩾ 6.
DEATH BY COMBAT AT THE DAWN OF THE BRONZE AGE? PROFILING THE DAGGER-ACCOMPANIED BURIAL FROM RACTON, WEST SUSSEX
Authors: Needham Stuart , Kenny James , Cole Garrard , Montgomery Janet , Jay Mandy , Davis Mary , Marshall Peter 
Published: July 2017

A previously unresearched Early Bronze Age dagger-grave found in 1989 at Racton, West Sussex, is profiled here through a range of studies. The dagger, the only grave accompaniment, is of the ‘transitional’ Ferry Fryston type, this example being of bronze rather than copper. Bayesian analysis of relevant radiocarbon dates is used to refine the chronology of the earliest bronze in Britain. While the Ferry Fryston type was current in the earlier half of the twenty-second centurybc, the first butt-riveted bronze daggers did not emerge until the second half. The Racton dagger is also distinguished by its elaborate rivet-studded hilt, an insular innovation with few parallels.The excavated skeleton was that of a senior male, buried according to the appropriate rites of the time. Isotopic profiling shows an animal-protein rich diet that is typical for the period, but also the likelihood that he was brought up in a region of older silicate sedimentary rocks well to the west or north west of Racton. He had suffered injury at or close to the time of death; a slice through the distal end of his left humerus would have been caused by a fine-edged blade, probably a dagger. Death as a result of combat-contested leadership is explored in the light of other injuries documented among Early Bronze Age burials. Codified elite-level combat could help to explain the apparent incongruity between the limited efficacy of early dagger forms and their evident weapon-status.
Tuberculous otitis media: a resurgence?
Authors: Kameswaran M , Natarajan K , Parthiban M , Krishnan P V , Raghunandhan S 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjective:Tuberculosis is a global health problem that is especially prevalent in developing countries such as India. Recently, atypical presentation has become more common and a high index of suspicion is essential. This study analysed the various presenting symptoms and signs of tuberculous otitis media and the role of diagnostic tests, with the aim of formulating criteria for the diagnosis.Methods:A total of 502 patients underwent tympanomastoidectomy over a two-year period. Microbiological and histopathological examinations and polymerase chain reaction analysis of tissue taken during tympanomastoidectomy were performed.Results:A total of 25 patients (5 per cent) were diagnosed with tuberculous otitis media. Severe mixed hearing loss, facial palsy, labyrinthine fistula, post-aural fistula, perichondritis and extradural abscess were noted.Conclusion:There seems to be a resurgence in tuberculous otitis media in India. Microbiological, histopathological and polymerase chain reaction tests for tuberculosis are helpful for its diagnosis.
Identifying dietary differences between Scotland and England: a rapid review of the literature
Authors: Chambers Stephanie , Barton Karen L , Albani Viviana , Anderson Annie S , Wrieden Wendy L 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveRates of premature mortality have been higher in Scotland than in England since the 1970s. Given the known association of diet with chronic disease, the study objective was to identify and synthesise evidence on current and historical differences in food and nutrient intakes in Scotland and England.DesignA rapid review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature was carried out. After an initial scoping search, Medline, CINAHL, Embase and Web of Science were searched. Relevant grey literature was also included. Inclusion criteria were: any date; measures of dietary intake; representative populations; cross-sectional or observational cohort studies; and English-language publications. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies. A narrative synthesis of extracted information was conducted.ResultsFifty publications and reports were included in the review. Results indicated that children and adults in Scotland had lower intakes of vegetables and vitamins compared with those living in England. Higher intakes of salt in Scotland were also identified. Data were limited by small Scottish samples, difficulty in finding England-level data, lack of statistical testing and adjustment for key confounders.ConclusionsFurther investigation of adequately powered and analysed surveys is required to examine more fully dietary differences between Scotland and England. This would provide greater insight into potential causes of excess mortality in Scotland compared with England and suitable policy recommendations to address these inequalities.
A combined high-sugar and high-saturated-fat dietary pattern is associated with more depressive symptoms in a multi-ethnic population: the HELIUS (Healthy Life in an Urban Setting) study
Authors: Vermeulen Esther , Stronks Karien , Snijder Marieke B , Schene Aart H , Lok Anja , de Vries Jeanne H , Visser Marjolein , Brouwer Ingeborg A , Nicolaou Mary 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify a high-sugar (HS) dietary pattern, a high-saturated-fat (HF) dietary pattern and a combined high-sugar and high-saturated-fat (HSHF) dietary pattern and to explore if these dietary patterns are associated with depressive symptoms.DesignWe used data from the HELIUS (Healthy Life in an Urban Setting) study and included 4969 individuals aged 18–70 years. Diet was assessed using four ethnic-specific FFQ. Dietary patterns were derived using reduced rank regression with mono- and disaccharides, saturated fat and total fat as response variables. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms by using continuous scores and depressed mood (identified using the cut-off point: PHQ-9 sum score ≥10).SettingThe Netherlands.ResultsThree dietary patterns were identified; an HSHF dietary pattern (including chocolates, red meat, added sugars, high-fat dairy products, fried foods, creamy sauces), an HS dietary pattern (including sugar-sweetened beverages, added sugars, fruit (juices)) and an HF dietary pattern (including high-fat dairy products, butter). When comparing extreme quartiles, consumption of an HSHF dietary pattern was associated with more depressive symptoms (Q1v. Q4:β=0·18, 95 % CI 0·07, 0·30,P=0·001) and with higher odds of depressed mood (Q1v. Q4: OR=2·36, 95 % CI 1·19, 4·66,P=0·014). No associations were found between consumption of the remaining dietary patterns and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsHigher consumption of an HSHF dietary pattern is associated with more depressive symptoms and with depressed mood. Our findings reinforce the idea that the focus should be on dietary patterns that are high in both sugar and saturated fat.
The association between food insecurity and academic achievement in Canadian school-aged children
Authors: Faught Erin L , Williams Patty L , Willows Noreen D , Asbridge Mark , Veugelers Paul J 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveEducation is a crucial social determinant of health. Food insecurity can be detrimental to children’s academic achievement, potentially perpetuating a cycle of poverty and food insecurity. We aimed to assess the relationship between food insecurity and academic achievement in Canadian school-aged children.DesignCross-sectional study of children and parents. Parents completed the short-form Household Food Security Survey Module and questions about income and education level (socio-economic status). Children completed FFQ. Data were prospectively linked to children’s performance on standardized exams written one year later. Mixed-effect logistic regression was employed to assess the relationship between food insecurity and likelihood of meeting academic expectations adjusting for socio-economic status, diet quality and potential confounders.SettingNova Scotia, Canada in 2011–2012.SubjectsStudents (n4105) in grade 5 (10–11 years; 2167 girls) and their parents.ResultsLow food security was reported by 9·8 % of households; very low food security by 7·1 % of households. Students from low-income households and reporting poor diet quality were less likely to do well in school. Children who lived in households reporting very low food security had 0·65 times the odds (OR=0·65; 95 % CI 0·44, 0·96) of meeting expectations for reading and 0·62 times the odds (OR=0·62; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·86) of meeting expectations for mathematics.ConclusionsVery low household insecurity is associated with poor academic achievement among children in Nova Scotia.
Health and well-being promotion strategies for ‘hard to reach’ older people in England: a mapping exercise
Authors: Iliffe Steve , Walters Kate , Manthorpe Jill , Goodman Claire , Kharicha Kalpa 
Published: July 2017

Background
Older people from deprived areas, the oldest old and those from ethnic minorities engage less in health promotion interventions and related research, potentially generating inequities.

Aim
To explore and map the extent to which such ‘hard to reach’ groups of older people, are the focus of local health and well-being strategies in England.

Methods
Document analysis of current health and well-being promotion strategies in a purposive sample of 10 localities in England with high proportions of some or all of the three hard to reach groups. Documents were analysed using an interpretive approach.

Findings
A total of 254 documents were retrieved and reviewed. Much of the content of the documents was descriptive and reported the implications for resources/services of population ageing rather than actual initiatives. All localities had an Older People’s Strategy. Strategies to counter deprivation included redistribution of winter fuel payments, income maximisation, debt reduction and social inclusion initiatives, a focus on older owner occupiers and recruitment of village ‘agents’ to counter rural deprivation. The needs of the oldest old were served by integrated services for older people, a community alarm service with total coverage of the 85+ population, and dietary advice. The needs of black and minority ethnic (BME) older people were discussed in all localities and responses included community work with BME groups, attention to housing needs and monitoring of service use by BME older people. Three other themes that emerged were: use of telecare technologies; a challenge to the idea of ‘hard to reach’ groups; and outreach services to those at most risk.

Conclusions
Document analysis revealed a range of policy statements that may indicate tailoring of policy and practice to local conditions, the salience of national priorities, some innovative local responses to policy challenges and even dissenting views that seek to redefine the policy problem.
Determinants of Comparative Advantage in GMO Intensive Industries
Authors: SMITH PAMELA J. , JAMIYANSUREN BOLORMAA , KITSUKI AKINORI , YANG JOOYOUNG , LEE JAESEOK 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the supply-side determinants of international trade in crops that are intensive in genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The theoretical framework is a variant of the Heckscher–Ohlin model, which we estimate using cross-country data for 1995 and 2010 to examine soybeans, maize, and cotton trade. The data include measures of country land endowments, which we disaggregate into GMO and non-GMO components, as well as recently released measures of GMO regulations. Findings show land endowments are a primary source of comparative advantage in GMO intensive industries before and after the advent of GMOs. Further, an increase in a country's allocation of land to GMO crops has a positive effect on her net exports in GMO intensive industries. This positive effect occurs both across countries and time. Finally, a country's GMO regulations have a negligible effect as a supply-side determinant of comparative advantage. However, a country's decision about whether to adopt GMO technologies does matter to trade. These findings are robust with respect to a variety of considerations.
Critical Mass Agreements: The Proven Template for Trade Liberalization in the WTO
Authors: WINSLETT GARY 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe expansion of the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) in 2015 was the most successful attempt at trade liberalization under the auspices of the WTO since its inception in 1995. Its success makes it a template for other trade liberalization efforts. In this article, I explain how the ITA expansion came to pass and explicate the contours of the template it provides. I highlight four factors that were crucial to the ITA expansion's successful completion: a narrower scope without a single undertaking approach, a negotiating group that contained many but not all WTO members, a focus on tariffs rather than non-tariff barriers, and avoiding a nationalistic opposition. I conclude by discussing what lessons these factors and the ITA expansion suggest for other ongoing trade negotiations such as the Environmental Goods Agreements (EGA).