bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Psychoanalysis and Ethnology” Revisited: Foucault's Historicization of History
Authors: Allen Amy 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article re‐examines the closing sections of Michel Foucault's The Order of Things in order to address the longstanding question of whether he is best understood as a philosopher or a historian. My central argument is that this question misses the crucial point of Foucault's work, which is to historicize the notion of history (as it is traditionally understood, represented by History with a capital H), which Foucault takes to be central to the historical a priori of modernity. An examination of his historicization of History thus reveals that Foucault is neither simply a philosopher—because he conceives of philosophy in modernity as a historical enterprise—nor a historian—because his own historical approach is designed to transform the modern historical a priori from within. This analysis also sheds new light of Foucault's relationship to psychoanalysis and his conception of critique.
Polyrhythms of Revolution: A Comment on Kevin Olson's “When is the Time of Revolution?”
Authors: Daily Andrew 
Published: August 2017

AbstractKevin Olson's “When is the Time of Revolution” constructs a critical genealogy of revolutionary temporality and how it creates political normativity. This comment evaluates Olson's discussion of revolutionary temporality against the empirical historical archive of modern revolutions in order to argue that we should also be sensitive to the multiple, overlapping, and competing temporalities that not only normativize revolution, but are in fact the terrain of revolutionary struggle.
Comments on Tuomo Tiisala, “Overcoming ‘The Present Limits of the Necessary’: Foucault's Conception of a Critique”
Authors: Huff‐Owen Maia Nahele 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThree questions animate Tuomo Tiisala's essay, “Overcoming ‘the Present Limits of the Necessary’: Foucault's Conception of a Critique”: What is the task of critique, as Foucault describes it? What is it about reason that necessitates such a task? And what is it that could motivate the critical attitude as a virtue?
Toward Abolitionist Genealogy
Authors: Dilts Andrew 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this essay, I offer a brief for “abolitionist genealogy” as a method and philosophical practice. By locating instances of this method within the work of prison abolitionists who are incarcerated or formerly incarcerated (specifically organizers of the 2016 National Prison Strike, CeCe McDonald, and the abolitionist organizations generationFIVE and Black and Pink), I argue that such a method is already available to theorists and critical historians of the present if we are willing to attend to the absences and presences that constitute our academic communities. I ground my brief for abolitionist genealogy by centering the experiences of queer, trans, gender‐nonconforming, and intersex incarcerated people as exemplary (rather than exceptional) of how prisons and jails are fundamentally violent places which cannot, as McDonald puts it, be made safe. Lastly, I link these concerns to the broader question of queer and TGNCI visibility politics in carceral institutions such as the jail/prison and the university.
Intraparty Democracy and Responsiveness to Rival Parties’ Policies
Authors: Lehrer Roni , Ezrow Lawrence , Ward Hugh , Böhmelt Tobias 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveWe address whether intraparty democracy conditions political parties’ responsiveness to rival parties’ policy shifts.MethodWe estimate parameters of a spatial econometric model of parties’ policy positions in 11 established democracies.ResultsInternally democratic parties respond to shifts in rival parties’ policies, and internally undemocratic parties do not respond to rival parties’ policy shifts.ConclusionWe argue that this occurs because intraparty deliberation provides a channel through which rival parties influence their competitors’ policies. Because rank‐and‐file party members are influenced by deliberative processes more than party leaders—and the policy goals of internally democratic parties’ policies are heavily influenced by their party members—deliberative processes lead democratic parties to respond to shifts in rival parties’ policy positions. This work has important implications for our understanding of parties’ election strategies, intraparty politics, and how policies diffuse between parties competing in the same election.
A Psychological Firewall? Risk Perceptions and Public Support for Online Censorship in Russia*
Authors: Nisbet Erik C. , Kamenchuk Olga , Dal Aysenur 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveAuthoritarian regimes commonly justify Internet censorship by framing the Internet as a threat to their citizens that must be tightly controlled for their own protection. This threat rhetoric underpins government censorship and creates a “psychological firewall” driving public support for a censored Internet.MethodsBased on risk and decision‐making scholarship, we evaluate how mass media and partisan regime support promulgate these threat perceptions, and in turn how they influence citizen attitudes about censorship. Employing Russia as a case study, we tested our hypotheses with a national survey (N = 1,600) conducted in May 2014.ResultsWe found that reliance on Russian national TV news predicted greater Internet threat perceptions, and in turn these threat perceptions significantly increased support for online political censorship.ConclusionApproval of the Putin government further amplified the impact of these threat perceptions on support for censorship. Implications for understanding psychological foundations for support for censorship in authoritarian contexts are discussed.
Where Have All the Leaders Gone? Evaluating the Dynamics of Parties' Issue Attention in Coalition Governments
Authors: Sagarzazu Iñaki , Klüver Heike 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveWhile selective issue emphasis is a widely recognized strategy of party competition, we have little knowledge about how coalition parties interact with each other when deciding which policy issues to emphasize. Therefore we ask: Who leads and who follows the issue agenda in coalition governments?Methods. We create an issue attention data set using quantitative text analysis from over 40,000 press releases. We use this data set and time series cross‐section regression analysis to study the dynamics of coalition parties' issue attention.Results. We find that junior coalition parties are more responsive to their senior partners than senior partners to their junior partners. Hence, while coalition partners generally follow each other, senior partners enjoy a stronger leadership role in the cabinet.Conclusion. Coalition parties indeed coordinate their issue priorities as they respond to each other's issue agenda. However, due the asymmetric power distribution in coalition cabinets, it is not a negotiation process on equal footing.
Talking to Whom? The Changing Audience of North Korean Nuclear Tests
Authors: Whang Taehee , Lammbrau Michael , Joo Hyung‐min 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesIn this study, we develop a model based on big data analysis to find patterns in North Korean nuclear provocations.MethodsUsing automated text analysis classification through supervised machine learning techniques, we analyze the North Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) from 1997 to 2013.ResultsWe find an interesting difference between the Kim Jong‐il era and the Kim and Jong‐un period, implying a major shift in the nuclear policy of Pyongyang. While Kim Jong‐il, who had a firm grip on power, focused on the international audience before conducting nuclear tests, Kim Jong‐un during his succession targeted the domestic audience prior to nuclear tests, probably in an attempt to consolidate his precarious power.ConclusionThe machine learning technique allows us to analyze the effect of political communication even in authoritarian governments.
What Is and What May Never Be: Economic Voting in Developing Democracies
Authors: Wimpy Cameron , Whitten Guy D. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveWe propose and test a theory that media freedom determines the extent of economic voting in developing democracies.MethodsBuilding on extant work that suggests economic voting takes place in developing democracies much like it does in established democracies (Lewis‐Beck and Stegmaier, 2008), we test our theory using a new collection of aggregate data from elections in 22 developing democracies in AfricaResultsMedia freedom rather than political freedom may be a bigger determinant of economic voting in developing democracies. Moreover, the threshold of political development needed for economic voting is lower than previously suggested by the literature.ConclusionEconomic voting is alive and well in developing democracies—even those with relatively low levels of economic and political development.
Making and Breaking Party Leaders? An Informational Theory of Temporary and Lasting Impacts of Prime Minister Debates in Spain
Authors: Sagarzazu Iñaki , Williams Laron K. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveIn this project, we develop an informational theory that identifies which prime minister debates are the most meaningful in terms of shifting Spanish public opinion . We argue that debates immediately following the installation of new leaders (because they shine light on leadership traits) and debates occurring in times of crisis (because voters can judge both the leader's ability to remedy the problems and their policy proposals) will have the largest short‐ and long‐term effects.MethodsWe use seemingly unrelated regression to explore the impacts of 15 Spanish State of the Nation debates from 1998 to 2016 on vote intention for Partido Popular (PP) and the Partido Socialista Obrero Espanol (PSOE).ResultDebates following the installation of new party leaders often produce sizable improvements in vote intention, but the most meaningful debates occur during economic crises.ConclusionParliamentary debates are valuable opportunities for party leaders to shift public opinion in their favor, a fact that is not lost to them considering the time and energy devoted to crafting strategies, and the media's fascination with providing extensive coverage of the debates. This study has important implications for the study of dynamic processes (such as vote intention), and the link between parties' strategic communications and voting behavior.
Epidemiological and clinical features of leptospirosis in a highly endemic area over three time periods
Authors: Mišić‐Majerus Ljiljana , Habuš Josipa , Štritof Zrinka , Bujić Nevenka , Mađarić Vesna , Kolaric‐Sviben Gordana , Vince Silvijo , Peršić Zdenka , Turk Nenad 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo present the features of human leptospirosis over three time periods (1970–1975; 2000–2005; 2010–2015), to compare the collected data and to determine whether the incidence, seasonal and spatial distribution, prevalence of presumptive infective serogroups and clinical features have changed over the last 50 years.MethodsEpidemiological and clinical data obtained from patients hospitalised and treated in a well‐known endemic focus of leptospirosis, Koprivnica‐Križevci County in Croatia, were analysed.ResultsWe observed a steady decline in the overall incidence of leptospirosis and a change in the patient age distribution, with the age ratio changing in favour of middle‐aged and older patients. Although leptospirosis was most frequently diagnosed in August in all time periods, the number of cases increased in autumn. The most prevalent serogroup during the first and the second time period was Icterohaemorrhagiae, while in the third time period, the serogroup Australis prevailed. We also noted an increase in the number of severe clinical manifestations.ConclusionsThis retrospective research demonstrates a continuous decline in the incidence of human leptospirosis in Croatia. The pattern of disease has changed from predominantly mild clinical forms observed in children to more severe clinical forms observed in middle‐aged to older patients, especially those working in agriculture. Additional epidemiological changes included an increase in the number of cases during the autumn months and changes in prevailing serogroups. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the severity of the clinical picture, patient age and presumed sources of infection.
New insights into structural organization and gene duplication in a 1.75‐Mb genomic region harboring the α‐gliadin gene family in Aegilops tauschii, the source of wheat D genome
Authors: Huo Naxin , Dong Lingli , Zhang Shengli , Wang Yi , Zhu Tingting , Mohr Toni , Altenbach Susan , Liu Zhiyong , Dvorak Jan , Anderson Olin D. , Luo Ming‐Cheng , Wang Daowen , Gu Yong Q. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryAmong the wheat prolamins important for its end‐use traits, α‐gliadins are the most abundant, and are also a major cause of food‐related allergies and intolerances. Previous studies of various wheat species estimated that between 25 and 150 α‐gliadin genes reside in the Gli‐2 locus regions. To better understand the evolution of this complex gene family, the DNA sequence of a 1.75‐Mb genomic region spanning the Gli‐2 locus was analyzed in the diploid grass, Aegilops tauschii, the ancestral source of D genome in hexaploid bread wheat. Comparison with orthologous regions from rice, sorghum, and Brachypodium revealed rapid and dynamic changes only occurring to the Ae. tauschii Gli‐2 region, including insertions of high numbers of non‐syntenic genes and a high rate of tandem gene duplications, the latter of which have given rise to 12 copies of α‐gliadin genes clustered within a 550‐kb region. Among them, five copies have undergone pseudogenization by various mutation events. Insights into the evolutionary relationship of the duplicated α‐gliadin genes were obtained from their genomic organization, transcription patterns, transposable element insertions and phylogenetic analyses. An ancestral glutamate‐like receptor (GLR) gene encoding putative amino acid sensor in all four grass species has duplicated only in Ae. tauschii and generated three more copies that are interspersed with the α‐gliadin genes. Phylogenetic inference and different gene expression patterns support functional divergence of the Ae. tauschii GLR copies after duplication. Our results suggest that the duplicates of α‐gliadin and GLR genes have likely taken different evolutionary paths; conservation for the former and neofunctionalization for the latter.
In vivo chlorophyll fluorescence screening allows the isolation of a Chlamydomonas mutant defective for NDUFAF3, an assembly factor involved in mitochondrial complex I assembly
Authors: Massoz Simon , Hanikenne Marc , Bailleul Benjamin , Coosemans Nadine , Radoux Michèle , Miranda‐Astudillo Hector , Cardol Pierre , Larosa Véronique , Remacle Claire 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYThe qualitative screening method used to select complex I mutants in the microalga Chlamydomonas, based on reduced growth under heterotrophic conditions, is not suitable for high‐throughput screening. In order to develop a fast screening method based on measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, we first demonstrated that complex I mutants displayed decreased photosystem II efficiency in the genetic background of a photosynthetic mutation leading to reduced formation of the electrochemical proton gradient in the chloroplast (pgrl1 mutation). In contrast, single mutants (complex I and pgrl1 mutants) could not be distinguished from the wild type by their photosystem II efficiency under the conditions tested. We next performed insertional mutagenesis on the pgrl1 mutant. Out of about 3000 hygromycin‐resistant insertional transformants, 46 had decreased photosystem II efficiency and three were complex I mutants. One of the mutants was tagged and whole genome sequencing identified the resistance cassette in NDUFAF3, a homolog of the human NDUFAF3 gene, encoding for an assembly factor involved in complex I assembly. Complemented strains showed restored complex I activity and assembly. Overall, we describe here a screening method which is fast and particularly suited for the identification of Chlamydomonas complex I mutants.
Central venous catheter placement in coagulopathic patients: risk factors and incidence of bleeding complications
Authors: van de Weerdt Emma K. , Biemond Bart J. , Baake Bart , Vermin Ben , Binnekade Jan M. , van Lienden Krijn P. , Vlaar Alexander P.J. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDCentral venous catheters are frequently inserted into patients with coagulation disorders. It is unclear whether preprocedural correction of hemostasis is beneficial. We determined the incidence of bleeding complications after central venous catheter placement in patients who had severe coagulopathy and identified potential risk factors for bleeding.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched through November 2015. To be included, articles must have reported on hemorrhagic complications with specification of abnormal coagulation testing results. Severe coagulopathy was defined as a reduced platelet count of 50 × 109/L or less, and/or an elevated international normalized ratio of 1.5 or greater, and/or a partial thromboplastin time of 45 seconds or greater.RESULTSWe included one randomized controlled trial and 21 observational studies. In total, there were 13,256 catheter insertions, including 4213 in patients with severe coagulopathy. Before 3150 central venous catheter placements, coagulopathy was not corrected. The bleeding incidence varied from 0 to 32%. The severity of coagulopathy did not predict the risk of bleeding. No study demonstrated a beneficial effect from the prophylactic administration of platelets or fresh‐frozen plasma to prevent bleeding complications. Retrospective observational studies suggested that no preprocedural correction is required up to a platelet count of 20 × 109/L and an international normalized ratio of 3.0.CONCLUSIONThe incidence of major bleeding complications after central venous catheter placement is low, even in coagulopathic patients. Based on a systematic research of the literature, strong evidence supporting the correction of hemostatic defects before central venous catheter insertion is lacking. However, well‐powered randomized controlled trials will be necessary to determine the minimal platelet count, the maximal international normalized ratio, and an activated partial thromboplastin time that is safe before central venous catheter insertion.
Electrolyte, acid–base, and hemoglobin oxygen affinity alterations following irradiation and storage of canine packed red blood cells
Authors: Press Saya A. , Cooper Edward S. , Stull Jason W. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIrradiation of RBC before transfusion is required to prevent transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease for human patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Additional applications for irradiated blood may exist in oncologic surgery. The effect of irradiation on canine packed RBC (pRBC) is unknown.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore and characterize the in vitro electrolyte, acid–base, and oxygen‐carrying capacity changes to pRBC immediately following irradiation and during storage.MethodsTen units of pRBC were irradiated using a linear accelerator. Concentration of potassium and glucose, percentage of free hemoglobin (fHb), hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO2), total oxygen content, partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), the pO2 at which 50% of hemoglobin is saturated (p50), lactate, pH, and methemoglobin were measured before and following irradiation, and at 7 and 17 days post irradiation.ResultsIn both irradiated and nonirradiated units, a significant decrease in pH and glucose, and a significant increase in lactate and potassium were noted. The pO2, fHb, and the p50 value in both groups increased over the first 7 days. Immediately following irradiation, the pH was significantly lower, and the potassium, lactate, and fHb were significantly higher in irradiated units compared with controls. Small but significant differences were noted between irradiation status in pH, fHb, sO2, total oxygen content, and p50 value at 7 days post irradiation.ConclusionsThis hypothesis‐generating study found irradiation and storage significantly altered in vitro properties of pRBC. The magnitude of these differences was small and the clinical impact of irradiation on pRBC may be negligible.
Anti‐HCV immunoblot indeterminate results in blood donors: non‐specific reactivity or past exposure to HCV?
Authors: Kiely P. , Styles C. 
Published: August 2017

Background and objectiveThe significance of anti‐HCV immunoblot (IB) indeterminate results can be difficult to determine. We analysed results for blood donors tested on the MP Diagnostics HCV Blot 3.0 IB assay to determine whether indeterminate results representing past exposure to HCV could be distinguished from those due to non‐specific reactivity.Materials and MethodsResults for all donors tested by IB during the study period (July 2010 to December 2013) were included in this study.ResultsOf 131 donors tested by IB, 34 (26.0%) were negative, 38 (29.0%) were indeterminate, and 59 (45.0%) were positive. There was no significant difference in IB band reactivity strength between indeterminate and positive donors. The PRISM HCV chemiluminescent immunoassay (ChLIA) sample to cut‐off (s/co) ratio distribution for the indeterminate donors was significantly higher than for those with biological false reactivity (P = 0·037), but significantly lower than for donors who were IB positive/HCV RNA negative (P < 0·001) or IB not tested/HCV RNA positive (P < 0·001). Of donors available for follow‐up, 53.1% of the indeterminate group disclosed a putative risk factor for HCV infection compared to 39.4% (P < 0·001) for the IB‐negative group, 76.6% (P = 0·065) for the IB‐positive group and 83.4% (P < 0·001) for the HCV RNA‐positive group.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that PRISM ChLIA s/co ratios >2·00 with IB indeterminate results predict exposure to HCV, particularly in the presence of putative risk factors for HCV infection. These findings may be applied to optimizing counselling of donors with indeterminate HCV results.