bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbundplatten für Eisenbahnbrücken
Authors: Aigner Francesco , Brunner Helmut , Fink Josef 
Published: July 2016

AbstractZu den häufigsten Aufgabenstellungen im Bereich des Eisenbahnbrückenbaus gehört der Ersatz beziehungsweise Neubau von Brücken im Bereich kleiner Stützweiten bis rund 20 m, in welchen über 80 % der Eisenbahnbrücken fallen. Die zu ersetzenden alten Tragwerke waren in der Regel mit offener Fahrbahn ausgeführt worden. Die neuen Tragwerke sollten jedoch – schon aus Gründen der Kontinuität der Fahrbahn und des Lärmschutzes – eine geschlossene Fahrbahn mit einem Schotterbett aufweisen, dessen Dicke im Regelfall 55 cm, mindestens aber 45 cm betragen sollte. Aus diesem Grund und weil die Gradiente in den meisten Fällen nur minimal oder gar nicht angehoben werden kann, muss die Bauhöhe der Tragwerke in der Regel radikal beschränkt werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Verbundplattenbrücken behandelt, die im Stützweitenbereich zwischen 6,0 m und 20,0 m eine Alternative zu Walzträger‐in‐Beton‐Brücken (WIB‐Brücken) darstellen. Mit diesem Brückentyp lassen sich je nach Stützweite “Tragwerksschlankheiten” zwischen 17,6 und 19,9 erreichen. Composite slab railway bridgesAmong the most frequent tasks in the construction of railway bridges there is replacement or new building of structures up to some 20 m, comprising more than 80 % of the railway bridges. Normally the old objects to be replaced had been executed with an open track. The new bridges, however, should feature an enclosed track with a 55 cm (at least 45 cm) thick ballast bed, both for reason of continuity of the deck and of noise protection. For these reasons, and as mostly the gradient cannot be raised but to very small amounts, the height of construction must be limited to small values. This paper deals with composite slab bridges which can be taken as an alternative to filler beam bridges in the span range between 6,0 to 20,0 m. Depending on the span, this bridge type allows length ratios between 17,6 and 19,9.
Neugestaltung des denkmalgeschützten Senckenbergareals in Frankfurt/Main
Authors: Pfeifer Matthias , Wittenbecher Ralf , Burger Günter , Beck Peter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDie Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Träger des renommierten Museums und des nicht minder bedeutenden wissenschaftlichen Instituts, erweitert bis Ende 2018 in Frankfurt/Main ihre Räumlichkeiten für Forschung, Sammlung, Veranstaltungen und Verwaltung um ca. 19000 m2. Dazu wurden drei historische Gebäude des “Senckenbergareals” nach den Plänen des Büros Kulka‐Architekten, Köln und Dresden, zusammengeführt und so umgestaltet, dass das Ergebnis den Anforderungen eines modernen Forschungsbetriebs sowie zugleich den Belangen des Denkmalschutzes Rechnung trägt.Das für diese herausfordernde Baumaßnahme mit der Tragwerksplanung beauftragte Ingenieurbüro ProfessorPfeiferundPartner untersuchte zuerst die vor mehr als 100 Jahren errichteten, mehrgeschossigen Bestandsgebäude umfassend auf Standsicherheit und Durchführbarkeit der geplanten Umgestaltungen und Nutzungsänderungen. Die weiteren Planungsleistungen umfassten neben der “behutsamen” Ertüchtigung einzelner Geschossdecken unterschiedlicher Bauart und dem Einbau neuer Decken zur Herstellung der erforderlichen Barrierefreiheit sowie Schaffung zusätzlicher Flächen gemäß den Nutzervorgaben die Ergänzung eines Gebäudeteils mit Überbauung sowie die Zusammenführung der Gebäude durch repräsentative Verbindungsbrücken. Zusätzlich waren komplexe Bauzustände und Abbruchmaßnahmen und die Ertüchtigungen höher belasteter Fundamente durch HD‐Injektionen zu beplanen.Redesign of the listed Senckenbergareal in Frankfurt/Main. Using existing qualities and appreciation of historic structuresThe Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung (Association for Research in Nature), sponsor of the renowned Senckenberg Museum and equally prestigious Senckenberg Institute, aims to increase its facilities for research, collection and administration in Frankfurt/Main by 19,000m2 by the end of 2018.Kulka‐Architekten, based in Cologne and Dresden, reconfigured and merged three historic buildings to satisfy the demands of a modern research facility while taking account of the historic building preservation act.The international consultancy ProfessorPfeiferundPartner, which was entrusted with the structural engineering of this challenging project, in a first step assessed the as‐built situation of the more than 100 years' old multi‐storey buildings for structural stability with a view to establish the feasibility of the envisaged redevelopment.Further design steps included the “cautious” strengthening of floor slabs of various type, the addition of an annex as well as the joining of buildings by means of imposing connection‐bridges. Complex demolition and construction sequence analysis, strengthening of foundations by means of HDI injection as well as the restoration of parts of the sandstone façade elements had to be considered as well.
Results of NCCTG N0275 (Alliance) – a phase II trial evaluating resection followed by adjuvant radiation therapy for patients with desmoplastic melanoma
Authors: Rule William G. , Allred Jacob B. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Markovic Svetomir N. , DiCaudo David J. , Erickson Lori A. , Deming Richard L. , Schild Steven E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTo examine, in a prospective fashion, the utilization and efficacy of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) in patients with resected desmoplastic melanoma (DM). Adult patients with resected, margin‐negative, and nonmetastatic DM were eligible for this single‐arm prospective phase II study. Patients were to receive postoperative RT, 30 Gy in five fractions, to the operative bed with 2‐ to 3‐cm margins (depending on the tumor location). Nodal basin RT was not allowed. The primary study endpoint was the 2‐year local recurrence rate (LRR). Secondary endpoints included the incidence of regional and distant metastatic disease, progression‐free survival, overall survival (OS), and treatment‐related toxicity. Twenty patients with a single de novo DM lesion meeting trial eligibility criteria were enrolled and treated. The 2‐year LRR was 10%, with two patients demonstrating a LR within 2 years of completion of protocol therapy. No regional or distant failures occurred. OS at 2 and 5 years was 95 and 77%, respectively. There were no grade 3 or higher acute or late adverse events that were related to the protocol therapy. Adjuvant RT after wide local excision (WLE) for DM is efficacious and well tolerated. It should be considered for DM patients after margin‐negative WLE. Additional study is needed to further refine low‐risk patient populations that can potentially have adjuvant RT omitted as part of the treatment plan.
Effectiveness of endoscopic gastric cancer screening in a rural area of Linzhou, China: results from a case–control study
Authors: Chen Qiong , Yu Liang , Hao Chang‐qing , Wang Jin‐wu , Liu Shu‐zheng , Zhang Meng , Zhang Shao‐kai , Guo Lan‐wei , Quan Pei‐liang , Zhao Nan , Zhang Ya‐wei , Sun Xi‐bin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn China, a large burden of gastric cancer has remained, and endoscopic screening was expected to reduce gastric cancer mortality. Therefore, a population‐based case–control study was conducted to evaluate the screening effect. The gastric cancer screening program was initiated in Linzhou in the year 2005, and endoscopic examination with indicative biopsy, for residents aged 40–69 years, was used to detect early cancer and precancerous lesion. In this study, cases were defined as individuals who had died of gastric cancer, which were selected from Linzhou Cancer Registry database. Controls were residents (six per case), who had not died of gastric cancer, from the same area as the case, and matched by gender and age (±2 years). The exposure status, whether cases and controls ever attended the screening or not, was acquired by inspecting the well‐documented screening records. Conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A total of 313 cases and 1876 controls were included in our analysis. Compared with subjects who never participated in screening, the overall OR for individuals who ever participated in screening was 0.72(95% CI: 0.54–0.97). The OR for lag time 4 years or longer was 0.68(95% CI: 0.47–0.98) and the OR for those who were aged 50–59 years were 0.56 (0.37–0.85). The results suggest a 28% reduction in risk of gastric cancer mortality by endoscopic screening, which may have significant implications for gastric cancer screening in rural areas of China.
Informational nudges as an effective approach in raising awareness among young adults about the risk of future disability
Authors: Miesler Linda , Scherrer Corinne , Seiler Roger , Bearth Angela 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAs many consumers have neither sufficient time nor the cognitive and motivational resources to deal with complex insurance decisions, the mere provision of information might not be enough to influence consumer perception and choice. The way such information is presented might also affect any decision made. This paper focuses on the risk of becoming unable to continue in a profession as a result of illness or an accident. In collaboration with an insurance company, we examined the effectiveness of ‘informational nudging’ (i.e. providing information which acts as a nudge) in sensitizing young adults to the potential risk of disability. In a pre‐study, an online survey (n = 1003) was conducted to assess the main barriers preventing young Swiss adults from participating in private provision. Based on the results of the pre‐study, we developed four ‘informational nudges’ and tested their effects on risk awareness and insurance choices among young adults using an online experiment (n = 240). We found that by presenting information on a company website in such a way that heuristics such as availability or loss aversion were exploited, enhanced risk awareness and a corresponding increase in insurance preferences were observed to some degree. However, the informational nudges did not motivate the participants to investigate the issues any further. Indeed, the results suggested that informational nudging could be an effective tool in raising participant awareness, but that future research is needed to understand better the interplay between automatic and deliberate processes activated by the informational nudges. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Quantitative Method for Comparing the Brightness of Antibody‐dye Reagents and Estimating Antibodies Bound per Cell
Authors: Kantor Aaron B. , Moore Wayne A. , Meehan Stephen , Parks David R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present a quantitative method for comparing the brightness of antibody‐dye reagents and estimating antibodies bound per cell. The method is based on complementary binding of test and fill reagents to antibody capture microspheres. Several aliquots of antibody capture beads are stained with varying amounts of the test conjugate. The remaining binding sites on the beads are then filled with a second conjugate containing a different fluorophore. Finally, the fluorescence of the test conjugate compared to the fill conjugate is used to measure the relative brightness of the test conjugate. The fundamental assumption of the test‐fill method is that if it takes X molecules of one test antibody to lower the fill signal by Y units, it will take the same X molecules of any other test antibody to give the same effect. We apply a quadratic fit to evaluate the test‐fill signal relationship across different amounts of test reagent. If the fit is close to linear, we consider the test reagent to be suitable for quantitative evaluation of antibody binding. To calibrate the antibodies bound per bead, a PE conjugate with 1 PE molecule per antibody is used as a test reagent and the fluorescence scale is calibrated with Quantibrite PE beads. When the fluorescence per antibody molecule has been determined for a particular conjugate, that conjugate can be used for measurement of antibodies bound per cell. This provides comparisons of the brightness of different conjugates when conducted on an instrument whose statistical photoelectron (Spe) scales are known. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High‐Content Microscopy Analysis of Subcellular Structures: Assay Development and Application to Focal Adhesion Quantification
Authors: Kroll Torsten , Schmidt David , Schwanitz Georg , Ahmad Mubashir , Hamann Jana , Schlosser Corinne , Lin Yu‐Chieh , Böhm Konrad J. , Tuckermann Jan , Ploubidou Aspasia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHigh‐content analysis (HCA) converts raw light microscopy images to quantitative data through the automated extraction, multiparametric analysis, and classification of the relevant information content. Combined with automated high‐throughput image acquisition, HCA applied to the screening of chemicals or RNAi‐reagents is termed high‐content screening (HCS). Its power in quantifying cell phenotypes makes HCA applicable also to routine microscopy. However, developing effective HCA and bioinformatic analysis pipelines for acquisition of biologically meaningful data in HCS is challenging. Here, the step‐by‐step development of an HCA assay protocol and an HCS bioinformatics analysis pipeline are described. The protocol's power is demonstrated by application to focal adhesion (FA) detection, quantitative analysis of multiple FA features, and functional annotation of signaling pathways regulating FA size, using primary data of a published RNAi screen. The assay and the underlying strategy are aimed at researchers performing microscopy‐based quantitative analysis of subcellular features, on a small scale or in large HCS experiments. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dose‐Dependent Effect of Piragliatin, a Glucokinase Activator, on the QT Interval Following Short‐Term Multiple Doses in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zhi Jianguo , Zhai Suoping , Boldrin Mark 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTo determine the effect of piragliatin on the QTcS (QT‐corrected study‐specific) interval, a double‐blind, double‐dummy, placebo‐controlled, active‐comparator, 4‐period, 4‐treatment, 4‐sequence randomized crossover trial was performed in 42 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who received 100 and 200 mg piragliatin twice daily, placebo, and 400 mg moxifloxacin (on day 1 and day 5 only) for 5 days. In the categorical analyses, piragliatin did not have a clinically significant effect on the QTcS interval at either dose, and the majority of patients were categorized with low risk for maximum change from baseline (≤30 milliseconds) and a maximum postbaseline QTcS interval as normal (≤450 milliseconds). However, in the analysis of variance model, both piragliatin doses crossed the 10‐millisecond threshold (100 mg twice daily on day 5, hour 1; 200 mg twice daily on days 1 and 5, hours 1 and 2) with P values indicating statistical significance. Headache and mild hypoglycemia were the most frequent adverse events associated with piragliatin treatment. There appeared that the effect of piragliatin treatment on the QTc interval was dose/exposure dependent following short‐term multiple doses. Longer‐term monitoring of electrocardiograms with pharmacokinetic exposure should continue, especially at conditions for potentially higher pharmacokinetic exposure.
Comparison of Capillary and Venous Plasma Drug Concentrations After Repeated Administration of Risperidone, Paliperidone, Quetiapine, Olanzapine, or Aripiprazole
Authors: Remmerie Bart , De Meulder Marc , Ariyawansa Jay , Savitz Adam 
Published: July 2016

AbstractQuantification of blood levels of antipsychotic drugs may be useful for managing medication therapy. This open‐label, parallel‐group study was performed to compare finger‐stick‐based capillary with corresponding venous plasma concentrations for risperidone, paliperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, and aripiprazole and their major metabolites after repeated dosing in patients with schizophrenia or related illnesses. Finger‐stick‐based capillary and venous blood samples were collected at various times within a dosing interval. All drug concentration measurements in the derived plasma samples were performed with validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods. Finger‐stick‐based capillary and venous plasma drug concentrations after repeated dosing were generally similar. Olanzapine capillary plasma concentrations, however, were on average approximately 20% higher than venous concentrations, with a trend for a relatively greater difference occurring shortly after dosing. In addition, smaller capillary–venous differences were observed for extended‐release and long‐acting intramuscular formulations and for aripiprazole, a drug with a long half‐life, compared with drugs administered as an immediate‐release formulation (risperidone, olanzapine). After repeated dosing, plasma derived from finger‐stick‐based blood was observed to be predictive of the venous concentrations. Capillary sampling may be an appropriate alternative to venous sampling to readily evaluate systemic drug concentrations.
Sequence Variant Descriptions: HGVS Nomenclature and Mutalyzer
Authors: den Dunnen Johan T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractConsistent and unambiguous description of sequence variants is essential to report and exchange information on the analysis of a genome, in particular in DNA diagnostics. The HGVS nomenclature—recommendations for the description of sequence variants as originally proposed by the Human Genome Variation Society—has gradually been accepted as the international standard for variant description. In this unit, we describe the current recommendations (HGVS version 15.11) regarding how to describe variants at the DNA, RNA, and protein level. We explain the rationale and give example descriptions for all variant types: substitution, deletion, duplication, insertion, inversion, conversion, and complex, as well as special types occurring only on the RNA (splicing) or protein level (nonsense, frame shift, extension). Finally, we point users to available support tools and give examples for the use of the freely available Mutalyzer suite. An extensive version of the HGVS recommendations is available online at http://varnomen.hgvs.org/. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Detection of Cell Proliferation Markers by Immunofluorescence Staining and Microscopy Imaging in Paraffin‐Embedded Tissue Sections
Authors: Eminaga Seda , Teekakirikul Polakit , Seidman Christine E. , Seidman Jonathan G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis unit describes a step‐by‐step protocol to detect and quantify proliferating cells in paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. Two well‐established markers of proliferation (incorporation of BrdU into newly synthesized DNA and expression of the nuclear protein Ki67) are detected after antigen‐retrieval and subsequent immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Practical Considerations for Using Pooled Lentiviral CRISPR Libraries
Authors: McDade Joel R. , Waxmonsky Nicole C. , Swanson Lianna E. , Fan Melina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 technology is ideally suited for genome‐wide screening applications due to the ease of generating guide RNAs (gRNAs) and the versatility of Cas9 or Cas9 derivatives to knockout, repress, or activate expression of target genes. Several pooled lentiviral CRISPR libraries have been developed and are now publicly available, but while using CRISPR/Cas9 for genetic experiments has become widely adopted, genome‐wide screening experiments remain technically challenging. This review covers the basics of CRISPR/Cas9, describes several publicly available CRISPR libraries, and provides a general protocol for conducting genome‐wide screening experiments using CRISPR/Cas9. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
AAV9 Delivery of shRNA to the Mouse Heart
Authors: Wakimoto Hiroko , Seidman J.G. , Foo Roger S.Y. , Jiang Jianming 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is a rapid approach to dissect loss‐of‐function phenotype for a gene of interest. However, it is challenging to perform RNAi in specific organs and tissues in vivo. Engineered viruses can provide a useful tool for delivery of small RNAs in vivo. Recombinant adeno‐associated viruses (rAAVs) are the preferred method for delivering genes or gene modulators to target cells due to their high titer, low immune response, ability to transduce many types of cell, and overall safety. In this unit, we describe protocols for use of rAAVs as a cargo to deliver miRNA backbone‐based shRNA controlled by a cardiac‐specific promoter into the mouse heart. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Extraction, Identification, and Quantification of Histones from Small Quantities of Specific Brain Tissue
Authors: Beldjoud Hassiba , Messanvi Fany , Nadif Kasri Nael , Roozendaal Benno 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHistone posttranslational modifications (PTMs), by their action on the chromatin state, play a central role in the regulation of gene expression. The discovery that some PTMs in the brain are dynamically regulated by experience and environmental factors makes them an important subject for the study of plasticity changes in learning and memory, addiction, and psychiatric disorders. Current histone isolation protocols, however, require large amounts of tissue, which limits their application for analyzing small tissue samples from a specific brain region. We describe here a step‐by‐step protocol for histone extraction and isolation from 1 mm3 of tissue from brain punches, which allows reproducible and reliable results for histone PTM identification and quantification without losing anatomical precision. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Novel Disease–Drug Database Demonstrating Applicability for Pharmacogenomic‐Based Prescribing
Authors: Whirl‐Carrillo M , Sangkuhl K , Gong L , Klein TE 
Published: July 2016

Significant advances have been made in the clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics in recent years with tools for clinical decision support (CDS) being developed and integrated in the electronic health record (EHR). In this issue, the article by Hussain et al. describes the creation of a disease–drug association tool that enables providers to search by disease indications to receive a list of treatment options marked with pharmacogenomics annotations at the point of prescribing.