bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Heat Dissipation of Uncooled 400-Gbps (16×25-Gbps) Optical Transceiver Employing Multimode VCSEL and PD Arrays
Authors: Shih Tien-Tsorng , Chi Yu-Chieh , Wang Ruei-Nian , Wu Chao-Hsin , Huang Jian-Jang , Jou Jau-Ji , Lee Tai-Cheng , Kuo Hao-Chung , Lin Gong-Ru , Cheng Wood-Hi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn effective heat dissipation of uncooled 400-Gbps (16×25-Gbps) form-factor pluggable (CDFP) optical transceiver module employing chip-on-board multimode 25-Gbps vertical-surface-emitting-laser (VCSEL) and 25-Gbps photodiode (PD) arrays mounted on a brass metal core embedded within a printed circuit board (PCB) is proposed and demonstrated. This new scheme of the hollow PCB filling with thermally-dissipated brass metal core was simulated and used for high temperature and long term stability operation of the proposed 400-Gbps CDFP transceiver. During one-hour testing, a red-shift of central wavelength by 0.4-nm corresponding temperature increment of 6.7 °C was observed with the brass core assisted cooler module. Such a temperature change was significantly lower than that of 28.3 °C for the optical transceiver driven with conventional circuit board. After 100-m distance transmission over a multimode fiber (OM4), the 400-Gbps CDFP transceiver exhibited dispersion penalty of 2.6-dB, power budget of ≧ 3-dB, link loss of ≦ 0.63-dB, mask margin of 20%, and bit error rate (BER) of <10−12 with maintained stability more than one hour. The developed 400-Gbps CDFP transceiver module employing low-power consumption VCSEL and PD arrays, effective coupling lens arrays, and well thermal-dissipation brass metal core is suitable for use in the low-cost and high-performance data center applications.
Predicting Protein–protein Association Rates using Coarse-grained Simulation and Machine Learning
Authors: Xie Zhong-Ru , Chen Jiawen , Wu Yinghao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractProtein–protein interactions dominate all major biological processes in living cells. We have developed a new Monte Carlo-based simulation algorithm to study the kinetic process of protein association. We tested our method on a previously used large benchmark set of 49 protein complexes. The predicted rate was overestimated in the benchmark test compared to the experimental results for a group of protein complexes. We hypothesized that this resulted from molecular flexibility at the interface regions of the interacting proteins. After applying a machine learning algorithm with input variables that accounted for both the conformational flexibility and the energetic factor of binding, we successfully identified most of the protein complexes with overestimated association rates and improved our final prediction by using a cross-validation test. This method was then applied to a new independent test set and resulted in a similar prediction accuracy to that obtained using the training set. It has been thought that diffusion-limited protein association is dominated by long-range interactions. Our results provide strong evidence that the conformational flexibility also plays an important role in regulating protein association. Our studies provide new insights into the mechanism of protein association and offer a computationally efficient tool for predicting its rate.
Assessing the presence of shared genetic architecture between Alzheimer’s disease and major depressive disorder using genome-wide association data
Authors: Gibson J , Russ T C , Adams M J , Clarke T-K , Howard D M , Hall L S , Fernandez-Pujals A M , Wigmore E M , Hayward C , Davies G , Murray A D , Smith B H , Porteous D J , Deary I J , McIntosh A M 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are both common in older age and frequently co-occur. Numerous phenotypic studies based on clinical diagnoses suggest that a history of depression increases risk of subsequent AD, although the basis of this relationship is uncertain. Both illnesses are polygenic, and shared genetic risk factors could explain some of the observed association. We used genotype data to test whether MDD and AD have an overlapping polygenic architecture in two large population-based cohorts, Generation Scotland’s Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS; N=19 889) and UK Biobank (N=25 118), and whether age of depression onset influences any relationship. Using two complementary techniques, we found no evidence that the disorders are influenced by common genetic variants. Using linkage disequilibrium score regression with genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project, we report no significant genetic correlation between AD and MDD (rG=−0.103, P=0.59). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) generated using summary data from International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium were used to assess potential pleiotropy between the disorders. PRS for MDD were nominally associated with participant-recalled AD family history in GS:SFHS, although this association did not survive multiple comparison testing. AD PRS were not associated with depression status or late-onset depression, and a survival analysis showed no association between age of depression onset and genetic risk for AD. This study found no evidence to support a common polygenic structure for AD and MDD, suggesting that the comorbidity of these disorders is not explained by common genetic variants.
Weak associations between pubertal development and psychiatric and behavioral problems
Authors: Smith-Woolley E , Rimfeld K , Plomin R 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPubertal development has been associated with adverse outcomes throughout adolescence and adulthood. However, much of the previous literature has categorized outcome variables and pubertal timing measures for ease of mean difference or odds ratio interpretation. We use a UK-representative sample of over 5000 individuals drawn from the Twins Early Development Study to extend this literature by adopting an individual differences approach and emphasizing effect sizes. We investigate a variety of psychiatric and behavioral measures collected longitudinally at ages 11, 14 and 16, for multiple raters and for males and females separately. In addition, we use two measures of pubertal development: the Pubertal Development Scale at each age, as well as the age of menarche for girls. We found that pubertal development, however assessed, was linearly associated with a range of psychiatric and behavioral outcomes; however, the effect sizes of these associations were modest for both males and females with most correlations between −0.10 and 0.10. Our systematic analysis of associations between pubertal development, and psychiatric and behavioral problems is the most comprehensive to date. The results showing linearity of the effects of pubertal development support an individual differences approach, treating both pubertal development and associated outcomes as continuous rather than categorical variables. We conclude that pubertal development explains little variance in psychiatric and behavioral outcomes (<1% on average). The small effect sizes indicate that the associations are weak and should not warrant major concern at least in non-clinical populations.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Spirolactones
Authors: Mostinski Yelena , Lankri David , Tsvelikhovsky Dmitry 
Published: April 2017

Spiranoid lactone structures can frequently be observed as scaffold segments of various biochemical compounds and drugs of natural origin. Examples of these structures have been identified among terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, and many other natural products. Such a broad natural diversity and biological activity allows a wide spectrum of these systems to be attractive targets for synthetic and medicinal chemists. Covering a broad spectrum of recognized approaches toward the design of spirolactones established over the past several decades, this review focuses on transition-metal-catalyzed synthesis, which is the most prominent methodology reported to date.1	Introduction2	Patterned Approaches2.1	Cyclocarbonylation2.2	Hydroalkylation/Arylation of Hydroxy α,β-Acetylenic Esters2.3	[2+2+2]-Cyclotrimerization: Rapid Access to Spirobenzofuranone Scaffolds2.4	Cyclization of Allenoic Acids/Allenoates2.5	Cycloisomerization–Oxidation of Homopropargyl Alcohols2.6	Hydroalkoxylation of Alkynoic or Alkenoic Acids2.7	C–H Carbonylation: Access to Spirobenzofuranone and Spiroisochromanone Derivatives2.8	Alkylative Spirolactonization of α,β-Unsaturated Esters2.9	Olefin Ring-Closing Metathesis2.10	Reductive Opening of Epoxides2.11	Intramolecular C–H Insertion3	Nonpatterned Approaches3.1	Azomethine Ylide Cycloaddition3.2	Hydrohydroxyalkylation of Vicinal Diols3.3	Photoredox Catalysis: C-Alkylation of Alcohols3.4	Carbonylative Spirolactonization of Hydroxycyclopropanols3.5	Copper-Catalyzed Alkylation of β-Keto Esters4	Conclusion
Iatrogenic Great Cardiac Vein Anastomosis during Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Bagherli Alireza , Bews Hilary , Vo Minh , Ducas John , Jassal Davinder , Ravandi Amir 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInadvertent anastomosis of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) or a saphenous vein graft (SVG) to the great cardiac vein (GCV) is a rare complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We present two cases with a LIMA to GCV and a SVG to GCV anastomosis, respectively, resulting in angina and dyspnea in the postoperative state. As an alternative to repeat CABG, both patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with percutaneous coil embolization or implantation of an Amplatzer vascular plug within the bypass graft to GCV conduit. This report highlights that percutaneous options exist for the relief of ischemic symptoms in this rare clinical setting.
Pediatric Motor Stereotypies: An Updated Review
Authors: Subki Ahmed , Alsallum Mohammed , Alnefaie Majed , Alkahtani Abdulaziz , Almagamsi Sameer , Alshehri Zaher , Kinsara Rayyan , Jan Mohammed 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMotor stereotypies are repetitive, purposeless movements that cannot be categorized into any of the known pathological movement disorders. They can be “primary,” occurring in normal children as a normal physiological variation or “secondary,” occurring in children with autism, intellectual disability, or other developmental disorders. Observation and videotaping are crucial for excluding seizures and other pathological movement disorders. They usually last for seconds to minutes and can occur spontaneously or be triggered by fatigue, excitement, or stress. Another key feature is the ability to suppress these movements by distraction or sensory stimulation. In this article, we aim to present an updated review of this topic and highlight important diagnostic tips and management pitfalls. Recognition of such movements is critical to prevent unnecessary investigations or treatments.
Stability and combustion of metal nano-particles and their additive impact with diesel and biodiesel on engine efficiency: A comprehensive study
Authors: Abdalla S. , AL-Wafi Reem , Pizzi A. 
Published: April 2017

Nano-fluids are described as a relatively new kind of colloidal solution with a particle size smaller than one billionth of a meter (1–100 nm) suspended in the base fluid so as to enhance the thermo-physical properties, which makes them an obvious choice for use in a number of commercial applications, including engineering, medical sciences, biotechnology, agriculture technology, and transportation. With the advancement in nanotechnology during the past few years, the scientific community focuses on improvising the combustion behavior, stability aspects, various engine performance parameters, and emission characteristics of conventional diesel engines using nano-particle laden diesel biodiesel fuel blends. Most recently, a few experimental works on the above issues using nano-sized metallic, non-metallic, organic, and mixed particles in the base liquid fuel for diesel engines have appeared in the open literature. The results obtained are very encouraging due to multifold enhancement in the thermo-physical and chemical properties of modified fuels, such as high surface to volume ratio, high reactive medium for combustion, enhanced heat and mass transport properties due to high thermal conductivity, and improvement in the flash point, fire point, pour point, etc., depending on the type of nano-particles used and their particle size and concentration with base fuels. Despite having all superiorities, somewhat unclear and contradictory results are found in the literature. Further, the experimental results of different researchers are not generalized so far as to reach a common consensus about this new approach of fuel modification. Keeping all these facts in mind, a serious attempt has been made to summarize important published work on combustion and stability aspects of nano-particle laden diesel, biodiesel fuels, and their blends and their overall effects on fuel and engine characteristics with the objective to provide a pathway to conduct further research in this area for utilizing the maximum potential of nano-particle fuel emulsion technology and to provide a promising future fuel for diesel engines.At the request of the Editor-in-Chief and AIP Publishing this article is being retracted. The article had a high degree of overlap with an article published in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. The article is retracted from the scientific record effective 27 June 2017.
SNAT7 is the primary lysosomal glutamine exporter required for extracellular protein-dependent growth of cancer cells
Authors: Verdon Quentin , Boonen Marielle , Ribes Christopher , Jadot Michel , Gasnier Bruno , Sagné Corinne 
Published: April 2017

SignificanceLysosomes are degradative intracellular organelles essential to cell maintenance and homeostasis. Although their degradative function is well documented, the proteins responsible for the efflux, and reuse, of lysosomal degradation products remain largely unknown. In this study, we identify the transporter responsible for lysosomal efflux of glutamine, an amino acid central to several key metabolic pathways. This central role of glutamine is exploited by several types of cancer cells with increased consumption of glutamine. Interestingly, genetic inactivation of the transporter impairs their growth under conditions of limited glutamine availability when internalized extracellular proteins are used as an alternative source of amino acids, suggesting novel approaches for anticancer therapies.
Immunomodulation-accelerated neuronal regeneration following selective rod photoreceptor cell ablation in the zebrafish retina
Authors: White David T. , Sengupta Sumitra , Saxena Meera T. , Xu Qingguo , Hanes Justin , Ding Ding , Ji Hongkai , Mumm Jeff S. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Recent evidence suggests human retinal Müller glia retain a potential for neuronal regeneration. Defining the mechanisms governing retinal repair in robustly regenerative species may provide insights for harnessing this potential therapeutically. Here, we investigated roles of the innate immune system during rod photoreceptor regeneration in zebrafish. Our data establish a role for retinal microglia, the tissue-resident macrophage of the retina, in regulating retinal Müller glia responsiveness to cell death, and thereby controlling photoreceptor regeneration kinetics. Further, we show that immunosuppression can either inhibit or accelerate photoreceptor regeneration kinetics depending on the timing of treatment. We conclude that modulation of immune cell responses to retinal neuron cell death stands as a promising strategy for promoting repair of the human eye.
Computational modeling of epiphany learning
Authors: Chen Wei James , Krajbich Ian 
Published: April 2017

SignificanceEpiphany learning (EL) occurs when organisms seem to suddenly and dramatically alter their behavior. Although EL has been documented before, this paper proposes a model of EL and reports both subjects’ behavioral and eye-tracking data while they repeatedly played a game that has an optimal strategy. We find clear behavioral evidence for EL in this game and additionally find patterns of eye movements and pupil dilation that correspond to features of the model. In the process, we also identify distinct patterns for subjects who did not discover the optimal strategy. Our model and findings provide a framework for future research on EL.
Bistable metamaterial for switching and cascading elastic vibrations
Authors: Bilal Osama R. , Foehr André , Daraio Chiara 
Published: April 2017

Significance
One of the challenges in materials physics today is the realization of phononic transistors, devices able to manipulate phonons (elastic vibrations) with phonons. We present a realization of a transistor-like device, controlled by magnetic coupling, which can gate, switch, and cascade phonons without resorting to frequency conversion. We demonstrate all logic operations for information processing. Because our system operates at a single frequency, we use it to realize experimentally a phonon-based mechanical calculator. Our device can have a broad impact in advanced acoustic devices, sensors, and programmable materials.
Intensifying postfire weather and biological invasion drive species loss in a Mediterranean-type biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Slingsby Jasper A. , Merow Cory , Aiello-Lammens Matthew , Allsopp Nicky , Hall Stuart , Kilroy Mollmann Hayley , Turner Ross , Wilson Adam M. , Silander John A. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Changing interactions between climate and fire are impacting biodiversity. We examined the longest vegetation survey record in the Fynbos, South Africa, a fire-prone Mediterranean-type ecosystem and Global Biodiversity Hotspot, finding significant impacts of prolonged hot and dry postfire weather and invasive plants on species diversity. Graminoids, herbs, and species that sprout after fire declined in diversity, whereas the climatic niches of species unique to each survey showed a 0.5 °C increase in maximum temperature. The consequences of these changes for the structure and function of this ecosystem are largely unknown. This interaction between fire and changing climate is cause for concern in fire-prone ecosystems subject to severe summer droughts and temperature extremes, such as southern Australia, California, and South Africa.
Selective in vivo removal of pathogenic anti-MAG autoantibodies, an antigen-specific treatment option for anti-MAG neuropathy
Authors: Herrendorff Ruben , Hänggi Pascal , Pfister Hélène , Yang Fan , Demeestere Delphine , Hunziker Fabienne , Frey Samuel , Schaeren-Wiemers Nicole , Steck Andreas J. , Ernst Beat 
Published: April 2017

SignificanceAnti-MAG (myelin-associated glycoprotein) neuropathy is a rare but disabling autoimmune disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. The pathogenicity of anti-MAG IgM autoantibodies that target the HNK-1 glycoepitope is well established. Current therapies are mostly immunosuppressive but so far are neither approved nor sufficiently effective. Therefore we designed a glycopolymer that acts as an autoantibody scavenger by mimicking the natural HNK-1 glycoepitope and demonstrated that the glycopolymer neutralizes disease-causing antibodies in patient sera. Moreover, pathogenic antibodies were removed efficiently in an immunological mouse model of anti-MAG neuropathy. Because clinical improvement of patients’ neuropathic symptoms correlates with reduced serum levels of anti-MAG antibodies, the glycopolymer represents a promising antigen-specific therapeutic option for the treatment of this neuropathy.
Three-dimensional stable lithium metal anode with nanoscale lithium islands embedded in ionically conductive solid matrix
Authors: Lin Dingchang , Zhao Jie , Sun Jie , Yao Hongbin , Liu Yayuan , Yan Kai , Cui Yi 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Lithium metal anode holds great promises for next-generation high-energy lithium battery systems. This work introduces an electrolyte-proof design of three-dimensional lithium metal anode where most of the lithium domains are embedded in a lithium-ion conductive matrix. In this architecture, the lithium-ion conductive matrix can isolate the embedded lithium domains from liquid electrolyte and thus prevent severe initial side reactions, while the matrix can simultaneously transport lithium ion and maintain the electrochemical activity of the embedded lithium. The design principle enables highly stable, high-power, and safe lithium metal anodes with minimal side reactions and negligible volume variation during cycling, which paves the way for viable lithium metal batteries in the future.
Sensorimotor-independent development of hands and tools selectivity in the visual cortex
Authors: Striem-Amit Ella , Vannuscorps Gilles , Caramazza Alfonso 
Published: April 2017

Significance
To what extent is brain organization driven by innate genetic constraints, and how dependent is it on individual experience during early development? We show that an area of the visual system that processes both hands and tools can develop without sensorimotor experience in manipulating tools with one’s hands. People born without hands show typical hand–tool conjoined activity, in a region connected to the action network. Taken with findings from studies with people born blind, who also show intact hand and tool specialization in the visual system, these findings suggest that no specific sensory or motor experience is crucial for domain-specific organization of visual cortex. Instead, the results suggest that functional brain organization is largely innately determined.
Inducing protein aggregation by extensional flow
Authors: Dobson John , Kumar Amit , Willis Leon F. , Tuma Roman , Higazi Daniel R. , Turner Richard , Lowe David C. , Ashcroft Alison E. , Radford Sheena E. , Kapur Nikil , Brockwell David J. 
Published: April 2017

SignificanceProteins are inherently sensitive to environmental factors that include hydrodynamic flow. Flow-induced protein remodeling is used in vivo and can also trigger the aggregation of therapeutic proteins during manufacture. Currently, the relative importance of shear and extensional hydrodynamic flow fields to aggregation remains unclear. Here we develop a flow device that subjects proteins to a defined and quantified flow field that is dominated by extensional flow. We show that extensional flow is crucial to induce the aggregation of globular proteins and that flow-induced aggregation is dependent on both protein structure and sequence. These observations rationalize the diverse effects of hydrodynamic flow on protein structure and aggregation propensity seen in both Nature and in protein manufacture.