bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directional-Permeability Assessment in Formations With Complex Pore Geometry With a New Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Based Permeability Model
Authors: Chi Lu , Heidari Zoya 
Published: February 2016

Summary
This paper proposes a new method for directional-permeability assessment with nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) measurements. Conventional techniques for permeability assessment from NMR measurements include empirical correlations such as SDR (Schlumberger-Doll-Research) and Coates models. However, carbonate rocks are known for lack of good correlations between pore-body-size and pore-throat-size, which makes it challenging and often unreliable to estimate permeability from NMR T2 (spin-spin relaxation time) distribution in carbonate formations with complex pore structure. It also was proposed that conventional permeability models can be improved by incorporating an estimated pore-connectivity factor. However, none of the previously introduced techniques reflects the anisotropic characteristics of rock permeability.
The new NMR-based directional-permeability model, introduced in this paper, incorporates a directional pore-connectivity factor into a conventional NMR-based permeability model. We introduce two approaches to quantify the directional pore-network connectivity of rock samples with pore-scale images. The first approach calculates directional pore connectivity in 3D pore-scale images with a topological technique. The second approach combines image analysis and electrical formation factor. The new NMR-based permeability model enables assessment of rock permeability in any desired direction.
We successfully calibrated and tested the introduced NMR-based permeability model on carbonate, sandstone, and sandpack samples with complex pore geometry or anisotropic permeability. The anisotropic permeability used for calibration and test purposes was obtained by the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) simulations on microcomputed tomography (CT) images of rock samples. The comparison between the permeability estimates with our new NMR model and conventional NMR models (e.g., SDR and Coates models) demonstrated that the NMR-based directional-permeability model significantly improves assessment of rock permeability, by reflecting rock's anisotropic characteristics and minimizing calibration efforts. The outcomes of this research can significantly improve permeability assessment in complex carbonate reservoirs and anisotropic sandstone reservoirs, and can be extended further to organic-rich mudrock formations.
Acceptability of Couples’ Voluntary HIV Testing Among HIV-infected Patients in Care and Their HIV-negative Partners in the United States
Authors: Wall Kristin M. , Canary Lauren , Workowski Kimberly , Lockard Annie , Jones Jeb , Sullivan Patrick , Hills Katherine , Fofana Kadija , Stephenson Rob , Allen Susan 
Published: February 2016

Introduction:
Couples’ voluntary HIV counseling and testing (CHTC) is an HIV risk reduction strategy not widely available in the US.

Methods:
We assessed willingness to participate in CHTC among US HIV-infected clinic patients via tablet-based survey and among HIV-negative persons with HIV-infected partners in care via mixed-method phone interviews.

Results:
Most of the N=64 HIV-infected partners surveyed were men (89%), on antiretroviral treatment (ART) (92%), and many self-identified homosexual (62%). We observed high levels of willingness to participate in CHTC (64%) among HIV-infected partners.
Reasons for not wanting to participate included perceived lack of need (26%), desire to self-disclose their status (26%), and fear of being asked sensitive questions with their partner present (17%). HIV-infected partners were interested in discussing ART (48%), other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (44%), and relationship agreements like monogamy (31%) during CHTC sessions. All N=15 HIV-negative partners interviewed were men, most identified as homosexual (73%), and about half (54%) reported consistent condom use with HIV-infected partners. We observed high levels of willingness to participate in CHTC (87%) among HIV-negative partners, who were also interested in discussing ART (47%), other STIs (47%), mental health services (40%), and relationship agreements (33%). Most negative partners (93%) indicated that they believed their HIV-infected partner was virally suppressed, but in the event that they
were not, many (73%) were willing to take pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Conclusion:
These results indicate that CHTC for serodiscordant couples is acceptable and should emphasize aspects most pertinent to these couples, such as discussion of ART/PrEP, STIs, and relationship agreements.
Airflow in Gravity Sewers – Determination of Wastewater Drag Coefficient
Authors: Bentzen Thomas Ruby , Østertoft Kristian Kilsgaard , Vollertsen Jes , Fuglsang Emil Dietz , Nielsen Asbjørn Haaning 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: Several experiments have been conducted in order to improve the understanding of the wastewater drag and the wall frictional force acting on the headspace air in gravity sewers. The aim of the study is to improve the data basis for a numerical model of natural sewer ventilation. The results of the study shows that by integrating the top/side wall shear stresses the log‐law models for the air velocity distribution along the unwetted perimeter resulted in a good agreement with the friction forces calculated by use of the Colebrook‐White formula for hydraulic smooth pipes. Secondly, the water surface drags were found by log‐law models of the velocity distribution in turbulent flows to fit velocity profiles measured from the water surface and by integrating the water surface drags along the wetted perimeter, mean water surface drags were found and a measure of the water surface drag coefficient was found.
Nighttime BP in Elderly Individuals with Prediabetes/Diabetes with and without CKD: The HEIJO-KYO Study
Authors: Obayashi Kenji , Saeki Keigo , Kurumatani Norio 
Published: February 2016

Background

and objectives Although previous studies suggested that nighttime BP is elevated in diabetes mellitus, the association between prediabetes and nighttime BP remains unclear. In addition, the relationship between diabetic status, renal function, and nighttime BP has not been evaluated in large populations.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In this cross-sectional study, we assessed diabetic status, renal function, and ambulatory BP parameters among 1081 community-dwelling elderly individuals (mean age, 71.8±7.0 years). Participants were classified into six categories based on diabetic status (normoglycemia, prediabetes, or diabetes mellitus) and renal function (normal function or CKD). BP was measured at 30-minute intervals for 48 hours using a validated ambulatory recorder.

Results
The mean nighttime systolic BP (SBP) was 115.7±16.1 mmHg. The multivariable analysis, adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and daytime SBP, revealed that, compared with participants with normoglycemia but without CKD (n=378), mean nighttime SBP was significantly higher in participants with both prediabetes and CKD (n=93) by 2.9 mmHg (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.2 to 5.6; P=0.03) and in patients with both diabetes mellitus and CKD (n=30) by 7.8 mmHg (95% CI, 3.5 to 12.2; P<0.001) but not in participants with both normoglycemia and CKD (n=75), participants with prediabetes without CKD (n=374), or patients with diabetes mellitus without CKD (n=131). Notably, the multivariable analysis indicated that the interaction terms of diabetic status and renal function were significantly associated with nighttime SBP (P=0.03).

Conclusions
Nighttime SBP was significantly higher in participants with prediabetes and CKD but not in participants with prediabetes without CKD, compared with participants with normoglycemia and without CKD. In addition, a significant interaction effect of diabetic status and renal function on nighttime SBP was detected in a general elderly population.
Effects of diet-induced weight gain and turnout to pasture on insulin sensitivity in moderately insulin resistant horses
Authors: Lindåse Sanna S. , Nostell Katarina E. , Müller Cecilia E. , Jensen-Waern Marianne , Bröjer Johan T. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify insulin sensitivity and monitor glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations in a group of moderately insulin-resistant horses during induction of obesity by use of a forage diet supplemented with fat and during subsequent turnout to pasture.
ANIMALS 9 adult Standardbred mares (11 to 20 years old).
PROCEDURES Weight gain of horses was induced during 22 weeks by use of a forage diet supplemented with fat fed in gradually increasing amounts, followed by feeding of that fat-supplemented diet at 2.5 times the daily maintenance requirements. Horses were then turned out to pasture. Insulin sensitivity was measured with the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method before and after weight gain and after 4 weeks at pasture. Body weight, body condition score, and cresty neck score as well as fasting and postprandial concentrations of plasma insulin, plasma glucose, serum triglyceride, and serum nonesterified fatty acids were measured during the study.
RESULTS Body weight typically increased by 10%, and body condition score (scale, 1 to 9) increased by > 1.5 from the start to the end of the weight-gain period. There was no difference in insulin sensitivity or metabolic clearance rate of insulin during the weight-gain period. Four weeks at pasture generally improved insulin sensitivity and metabolic clearance rate of insulin by 54% and 32%, respectively, but there was no change in body weight or body condition score.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings indicated that dietary composition played a more important role than did short-term weight gain on alterations in insulin sensitivity of horses.
Coactivation During Dynamometry Testing in Adolescents With Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Eken Maaike M. , Dallmeijer Annet J. , Doorenbosch Caroline A.M. , Dekkers Hurnet , Becher Jules G. , Houdijk Han 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundDynamometry has been used extensively to measure knee extensor strength in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). However, increased coactivation can lead to underestimation of knee extensor strength and, therefore, reduce validity of strength measurements. It is yet unknown to what extent coactivation occurs during dynamometry testing and whether coactivation is influenced by severity of CP, load levels, and muscle fatigue.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were: (1) to investigate coactivation in adolescents with and without CP during dynamometer tests and (2) to assess the effect of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, load level, and muscle fatigue on coactivation.DesignA cross-sectional observational design was used.MethodSixteen adolescents with CP (GMFCS levels I and II: n=10/6; age range=13–19 years) and 15 adolescents without CP (n=15; age range=12–19 years) performed maximal isometric contractions (maximal voluntary torque [MVT]) and a series of submaximal dynamic contractions at low (±65% MVT), medium (±75% MVT), and high (±85% MVT) loads until fatigue. A coactivation index (CAI) was calculated for each contraction from surface electromyography recordings from the quadriceps and hamstring muscles.ResultsAdolescents with CP classified in GMFCS level II showed significantly higher CAI values than adolescents classified in GMFCS level I and those without CP during maximal and submaximal contractions. No differences were observed among load levels. During the series of fatiguing submaximal contractions, CAI remained constant in both the CP group and the group with typical development (TD), except for adolescents with TD at the low-load condition, which showed a significant decrease.LimitationsElectromyography tracings were normalized to amplitudes during maximal isometric contractions, whereas previous studies suggested that these types of contractions could not be reliably determined in the CP population.ConclusionCoactivation was higher in adolescents with CP classified in GMFCS level II than in adolescents with TD and those with CP in GMFCS level I at different load levels. Within all groups, coactivation was independent of load level and fatigue. In individuals with CP, coactivation can lead to an underestimation of agonist muscle strength, which should be taken into account while interpreting the results of both maximal and submaximal dynamometer tests.
Effect of agglomeration and dispersion on the elastic properties of polymer nanocomposites: A Monte Carlo finite element analysis
Authors: Hedia Hassan S. , Aldousari Saad M. , Abdellatif Ahmed K. , Abdelhaffez Gamal S. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Owing to their superior mechanical and physical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNT) seem to hold a great promise as an ideal reinforcing material for composites of high-strength and low-density. In most of the experimental results up to date, however, only modest improvements in the strength and stiffness have been achieved by incorporating carbon nanotubes in polymers. In the present paper, the influence of single wall carbon nanotube agglomeration on the effective stiffness is analyzed by using an Eshelby’s inclusion model. Analytical expressions are derived for the effective elastic stiffness of single wall carbon nanotubereinforced composites with the effects of agglomeration. The present study not only provides the important relationship between the effective properties and the morphology of CNT-reinforced composites, but also may be useful for improving and tailoring their mechanical properties. In addition, a multiscale Monte Carlo finite element method (MCFEM) was used for determining mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNC) that consist of polymers reinforced with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Specifically, the method uses a multiscale homogenization approach to link the structural variability at the nano/micro scales with the local constitutive behavior. Subsequently, the method incorporates a FE scheme to determine the Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio of PNC. The use of the computed properties in macroscale modeling is validated by comparison with experimental tensile test data.
Evaluation of the Diamond Particle Content in Ni-P Nano-Composite Coatings
Authors: Dietrich D. , Eilert A. , Nickel D. , Lampke T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe knowledge of the particle content is essential for the improvement of nano-composites, for instance with respect to mechanical strengthening. However, the demand of evaluating the fraction of nano-diamonds in Ni-P coatings, i. e. nano-sized light element particles in a heavy metal alloy matrix is a crucial task. Results obtained by means of high performance wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and quantitative metallography are compared. On the basis of calculated fractions of incorporated particles as a function of their size and distance, the differing results are discussed. Best confidence has been achieved for composites with a fairly uniform particle distribution providing best features for application as functional materials in any case. The particle fraction can be provided at least as an approximate range regardless of the applied method.
Crack Density Evaluation in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers Aged by Thermal Cycling
Authors: González S. , González M. , Dominguez J. , Lasagni F. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The use of composite materials is growing over nowadays, not only in the aerospace industry but also in automotive, construction and sailing sectors. Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) bring lighter structures but with an impressive mechanical behaviour. Therefore, it seems to be important understanding the different degradation processes, especially matrix cracking and delamination.
The aim of this study is to characterize the degradation of CFRPs because of thermal fatigue in different atmospheres. Due to the lack of inspection contrast, a specific method consisting in tomographic characterization and image processing method has been developed. In this way, a complete quantification of the degradation process, in terms of crack and delamination volume, can be performed.
DISK-FED GIANT PLANET FORMATION
Authors: Owen James E. , Menou Kristen 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Massive giant planets, such as the ones being discovered by direct imaging surveys, likely experience the majority of their growth through a circumplanetary disk. We argue that the entropy of accreted material is determined by boundary layer processes, unlike the “cold-” or “hot-start” hypotheses usually invoked in the core-accretion and direct-collapse scenarios. A simple planetary evolution model illustrates how a wide range of radius and luminosity tracks become possible, depending on details of the accretion process. Specifically, the protoplanet evolves toward “hot-start” tracks if the scale height of the boundary layer is ≳0.24, a value not much larger than the scale height of the circumplanetary disk. Understanding the luminosity and radii of young giant planets will thus require detailed models of circumplanetary accretion.
Quelle place pour un adolescent ?
Authors: Coen Abram 
Published: February 2016

L’échec de la mise en place d’une consultation pour adolescents nous a obligés à repenser le « soin » propre à cette classe d’âge et à mettre en place une expérience de prévention primaire, le point accueil jeunes, en préalable à l’ouverture – cette fois demandée par les adolescents eux-mêmes – d’une consultation très attendue à Saint-Denis (93).
« Mots à Maux »
Authors: Moshnyager Nathalie , Vuagniaux Richard 
Published: February 2016

Notre projet est de mettre à disposition de sujets qui n’ont pas accès à la psychanalyse pour raison de précarité financière et sociale notamment, un lieu d’écoute déterminé par le référent analytique. La notion de sujet est fondamentale et sera développée. Nous évoquerons ensuite les prérequis – en termes logistique, social, institutionnel et financier –, à l’écoute analytique dans un lieu tel que Mots à Maux. Enfin nous développerons les valeurs sur lesquelles est basé Mots à Maux : subversion, éthique de singularité et de différence, éthique de tolérance, singularité jusque dans le dispositif, ainsi que les ouvertures de Mots à Maux à la société environnante et aux autres associations, groupements et/ou personnes.
Une analyse empirique du lien entre investissement public et privé
Authors: Creel Jérôme , Hubert Paul , Saraceno Francesco 
Published: February 2016

Nous étudions la relation entre investissement public et investissement privé non-résidentiel. Au niveau théorique, l’investissement public peut avoir deux effets contradictoires sur l’investissement privé : un effet d’éviction et un effet d’entraînement. À l’aide de différents modèles empiriques linéaires, appliqués à quatre pays de l’OCDE, nous cherchons à séparer ces deux effets. Nous étudions notamment un modèle VAR dans lequel l’investissement privé, la croissance du PIB et le taux d’intérêt interagissent et sont influencés par l’investissement public et la dette publique, entre autres. Nous vérifions dans quelle mesure la relation entre investissement public et privé varie au cours du temps et dépend du contexte macroéconomique. En outre, nous étudions les effets de débordement internationaux de l’investissement public. En France, l’effet d’entraînement semble l’emporter sur l’effet d’éviction tandis qu’aux États-Unis, un effet d’éviction, certes assez faible, émerge. Aucun résultat robuste ne ressort des données allemandes et britanniques.
L’avènement juridique de la victime en droit international pénal : après le silence... beaucoup de bruit pour rien ?
Authors: Prouvèze Rémy 
Published: February 2016

Avant un véritable avènement juridique en droit international pénal, la victime s’est retrouvée confrontée au silence (ou presque) des premières expériences juridictionnelles et premiers instruments juridiques en la matière. Ce silence va petit à petit être troublé par un vacarme médiatique qui se révèlera dans une certaine mesure influent, conduisant notamment à l’adoption du Statut de Rome. Cette étape décisive dans la reconnaissance des victimes par la justice internationale pénale a été saluée par un concert de louanges qui pourrait cependant tourner court du fait d’une certaine « prudence » jurisprudentielle de la CPI notamment, ramenant les victimes au silence.
Vers une objectivation de la responsabilité civile dans l’intérêt des victimes
Authors: Steinlé-Feuerbach Marie-France 
Published: February 2016

Vers la fin du xix e siècle le droit français de la responsabilité civile a entamé un mouvement d’objectivation en faveur des victimes. L’évolution du droit marque une tendance à une indemnisation facilitée et plus équitable des préjudices. Les voies empruntées pour atteindre ce but sont multiples, hétérogènes et sectorielles. Le paysage indemnitaire est vaste et varié. L’évolution de notre droit de la responsabilité civile n’est pas achevée, l’harmonie et l’équilibre lui font encore défaut. Le xxi e siècle sera-t-il celui de la victime objective ?
Les lois mémorielles, ou la victimisation institutionnelle
Authors: Fortier Charles 
Published: February 2016

Les « lois mémorielles », dont l’objet visible est de reconnaître et de qualifier un épisode de l’histoire, sont au fond l’expression même de l’avènement juridique contemporain de la victime : leur motivation compassionnelle est assumée. Mais en consacrant des catégories de victimes par la voie symbolique de la loi, l’État brouille d’un même mouvement des repères fondamentaux des ordres constitutionnel, pénal et social — au prix de la désubstantification de la notion de victime, et sans atteindre son objectif d’enrichissement de la mémoire collective.
De l’ homo sacer à la « victime vicaire »
Authors: Bernabé Boris 
Published: February 2016

Les lignes qui suivent tentent une restitution de la pensée juridique sur l’ homo sacer romain, et de la pensée de Michel Serres sur la notion de « victime vicaire ». La réunion des deux horizons permet le renversement de la notion de victime telle qu’elle se présente aujourd’hui, catalyseur de compassion. En scrutant les replis de notre culture et de notre histoire, nous prenons conscience de la nature coupable de la victime – nature profondément paradoxale qui (second paradoxe) fonde notre société.
Stimulating Research Interest and Ambitions in Undergraduate Nursing Students: The Research-Doctorate Pipeline Initiative
Authors: Smith Carolyn R. , Martsolf Donna S. , Draucker Claire Burke , Shambley-Ebron Donna Z. , Pritchard Tracy J. , Maler Jeffrey 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Innovative strategies may support the Institute of Medicine's recommendation to increase the number of doctorally prepared nurses by 50% by 2020. Moreover, strategies implemented may increase the number and diversity of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)-prepared nurses in particular.

Method:
The purpose of this article is to describe the approaches used by one college of nursing to enact a research-doctorate pipeline initiative to inspire a diverse pool of undergraduate students to consider pursuing a PhD degree. Principles that served as the foundation for this pipeline initiative are identified.

Results:
Sixteen undergraduate students, with varying degrees of research interest, participated in this initiative. Students contributed an average of 35 hours as full members of research teams, and 94% completed the experience. Students with initial low interest in research reported enhanced interest after participation. Overall student experiences were positive and influenced future career plans.

Conclusion:

Lessons learned and future steps for the pipeline initiative are presented. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(3):133–140.]