bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution of the boundary value problem for differential equation with piecewise-constant argument of generalized type
Authors: Assanova Anar 
Published: September 2024

We examine a boundary value problem for a differential equation with piecewise-constant argument of generalized type. An interval [0,T] is divided into N parts, the values of a solution at the interior points of the subintervals are treated as additional parameters, and boundary value problem for differential equation with piecewise-constant argument of generalized type is transformed to an equivalent initial value problems with parameters for differential-algebraic equations on subintervals. Differential part of this problem contains of the Cauchy problems for ordinary differential equations on the subintervals. Algebraic part of this problem contains of the algebraic equations with respect to parameters composed by boundary and continuity conditions at interior points of the partition. The coefficients and right-hand sides of this system are determined by solving the Cauchy problems for ordinary differential equations on the subintervals. We demonstrate that the solvability of boundary value problems is equivalent to the solvability of the composed systems. We propose methods for solving boundary value problems based on the construction and solution of these systems.
Charting Cultural Fluency: Leveraging Digital Story Maps for Language Proficiency in ESP Education
Authors: Rico-García Mercedes , Fielden Burns Laura V. 
Published: September 2024

Cultural cartography as a way to understand the relationship between cultural manifestations and maps involves visual, symbolic and cognitive mechanisms of inquiry referring to the interpretation of territorial landscapes. The introduction of geo-computation techniques has enabled users to approach map-like visualizations of the world under different parameters. The design and interpretation of map symbology is crucial which according to Peirce (1994) is activated by forming a relationship between three distinct elements: signs, interpretants and objects. In this light, the study aims to explore the usage of digital story maps to enhance students’ cultural and linguistic acquisition in a course of English for engineers in higher education.To cover the objective, the methodology comprises a two-phased didactic approach developed as a final course project within the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classroom. Divided into two groups, the instruction starts for the experimental and the control groups with a set of learning sessions analysing the theoretical framework underlying the semiotic process of map making and symbol interpretation. The second step for the experimental group involves the analysis and production of digital cartographic storytelling created by learners through collaborative team work, while the control group continues to analyse and then presents their conclusions about pre-existing maps to the rest of the class. The study demonstrates that the introduction of map-creation using a web-based mapping platform provided students with the ability to create geocoded narratives through visual representations, enhanced critical and spatial thinking and fostered the development of cultural and communication skills in a foreign language
The effect of physical exercise on depression among college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Haopeng , Hashim Shahabuddin Bin , Huang Dandan , Zhang Bowen 
Published: September 2024

Objective
The goal of the present research was to evaluate the effectiveness of physical exercise intervention in enhancing psychological well-being and decreasing symptoms of depression among college students, adopting a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methodology
The study was performed by searching four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) to determine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring the impacts of physical exercise therapies among college students with symptoms of depression. The sequential execution of a meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and publication bias analyses was accomplished utilizing the software package RevMan version 5.3.

Results
There were eight articles included. This research demonstrated a significant impact (d = −0.75, P < 0.05), indicating that physical exercise has a substantial impact on decreasing or mitigating depression. The subgroup analyses revealed that interventions involving physical exercise workouts lasting 12 weeks or longer (d = −0.93, P < 0.05), with physical exercise sessions lasting between 30 and 60 min (d = −0.77, P < 0.05), and with physical exercise performed minimum of three times a week (d = −0.90, P < 0.05) were the most effective in reducing symptoms of depression.

Conclusion
Physical exercise interventions have a beneficial impact on reducing depression among college students. The optimal mode was discovered to be college students participating in each session for a duration of 30 to 60 min, at least three times per week, and for more than 12 weeks. College students are encouraged to cultivate a consistent and long-term physical exercise routine to sustain their physical and mental health.
Haematological and Histological Effects of Nanoplastics Released from Nonfood-grade Nonwoven Polyethene Bags on Mice
Authors: Reya Sadia Islam , Uddin Md. Shihab , Tasnim Mst. Nishat , Anisuzzaman Md. , Titly Sumaiya Islam , Mohanta Moni Krishno , Haque Md Fazlul 
Published: September 2024

Nonfood-grade nonwoven polyethene (NFWP) bags which are frequently used in microwave cooking or carrying hot foods have been reported for releasing large amount of nanoplastics. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate the harmful effects of nanoplastics released from NFWP bags on mice. NFWP bags were cut into small pieces which were then boiled in water for 5 minutes. Then the boiled water was used as nanoplastic-contaminated drinking water for treated mice for 50 days. Surprisingly, the body weights and organ weight were increased remarkably for treated mice than control mice. The total Red Blood Cell (RBC) count decreased remarkably while total WBC count increased significantly in treated mice than in control. The percentage of neutrophils decreased remarkably while percentage of Monocytes increased significantly in treated mice as compared with control. The consumption of nanoplastics caused histological damage to intestine, heart, lung, kidney and liver of treated mice. The layers of intestinal muscles in the villi of treated mice were disrupted and infiltrated with foam cells. Destruction of alveoli and fibrosis was observed in the lungs of the treated mice. The heart muscles of treated mice were also disrupted and irregularly arranged with fibrosis. In the kidney of treated mouse, enhancement of renal spaces, shrinkage of glomeruli, eroded Bowman’s capsule, deleted and congested glomeruli along with blood vessel were found. The liver of the treated mice was affected by apoptosis, fibrosis, vacuole formation in hepatocyte, congested in hepatic tissue and dilation of blood vessel. Therefore, it can be concluded that consumption of nanoplastics released from hot NFWP bags has serious deleterious effect on haematopoiesis and tissue integrity of different organs of Mice.
The Effect of Antioxidant Biomolecules in Ankylosing Spondylitis and Behçet’s Diseases
Authors: Bilgin Ramazan , Dahham Rana Waheed , Kozanoğlu Erkan , Demir Burak , Arslan Didem , Aşık Mehmet Ali , Çetin Çiğdem , Akgöllü Ersin 
Published: September 2024

Aims: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and Behçet's disease (BD) are both chronic inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology. It is thought that the development of both diseases is related to several factors such as environmental, genetic predisposition and oxidative stress. To control the flow of reactive oxygen species, aerobic cells have developed their own enzymatic and non-enzymatic defence system. The enzymatic ones are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, non-enzymatic reduced glutathione (GSH). It is aimed to investigate the superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, catalase and reduced glutathione levels in patients with AS and BD in this study.
Study Design: This study consisted of the 34 patients with AS and 24 patients with BD and 20 healthy control subjects who applied to Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine Departments of Rheumatology and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Patients with haematological and other autoimmune diseases were excluded from the study.
Place and Duration of Study: Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine Departments of Rheumatology and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Arts & Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Adana, Turkey between September 2022 and August 2024.
Methodology: In this study, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were determined by spectrometric methods for both groups and their values were compared with IBM SPSS 20 software.
Results: The median age was 46.34 in the Ankylosing spondylitis group and 38.50 in the Behçet's disease group, and 42.55 in healthy control group. 64.7% of the Ankylosing Spondylitis group, 62.5% of the Behçet's disease group and healthy control group 50% were male. While the SOD and MDA levels were found significantly higher in both groups according to control group, GSH and catalase levels were found to be lower and statistically significant in both groups compared to the control group.
Conclusion: We strongly recommend the inclusion of high-potential antioxidants that will strengthen the antioxidant defense mechanism and reduce peroxidation as a supportive medical therapy to patients with both diseases, especially for the patients with AS.
Artificial Seed Bioassay for Assessing Genotypic Resistance of Pigeon Pea to Callosobruchus chinensis
Authors: Jarpla Mounika , S T Anil Kumar , Bandhavi H. L. , Prasanna Malireddi 
Published: September 2024

Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis is a significant pest of stored legumes, particularly pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), causing substantial damage and economic losses. This study investigates the resistance of various pigeonpea genotypes to C. chinensis using artificial seeds in a controlled single-choice bioassay. Artificial seeds in bioassays help provide consistent conditions for studying pigeon pea resistance to pests like C. chinensis. Unlike natural seeds, which can vary in traits like size, texture, and composition, artificial seeds ensure that any observed resistance is due to the plant's genetics, not differences in the seeds themselves. Despite using seeds with different proportions of resistant and susceptible genotypes, no significant differences were observed in the beetle oviposition behavior. The findings suggest that factors other than nutritional content may influence bruchid resistance, emphasize the need for further research into specific phytochemicals responsible for resistance. This work has important implications for the development of more resistant pigeon pea cultivars.
Improving Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Production through the Use of Azospirillum sp. AZ6 and Trichoderma harzianum T4-Based Biostimulants
Authors: Kassogué Adounigna , Tounkara Bakary , Mallé Ibrahima , Dao Sognan , Ouédraogo Pauline Wendlassida , Dicko Amadou Hamadoun , Diallo Kangaye Amadou , Ouattara Djénéba , Nantoumé Djénéba , Diarra Ousmane , Babana Amadou Hamadoun 
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The objective(s) of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of Azospirillum sp. AZ6 and Trichoderma harzianum T4-based biostimulants formulated in Mali on the growth and yield of Sorghum in Mali field during monsoon season.
Study Design: The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three treatments. The blocking factor was the direction of rainwater runoff.
Methodology: The study was carried out in the rural commune of Ouéléssebougou located in the Sudanian. The sorghum seeds inoculated or non-inoculated with Azozpirillum sp. AZ6, Trichoderma harzianum T4, were randomly sown in single-cropped with no nitrogen (N) application. For the control, 100% dose of N was applied at sowing time at 120 kg/ha. Sorghum plant height, sorghum yield, number of panicles and the weight of 1000 grains weight were evaluated.
Results: The salient findings showed a significant increase of the parameters examined by Azospirillum sp. AZ6 and Trichoderma harzianum T4-based biostimulants. Inoculation of AZ6 improved sorghum yield by 68,25%, while T4 by 8.73% in comparison with the control.
Conclusion: It is evident that Azospirillum sp. AZ6 and Trichoderma harzianum T4 are suitable for inoculating sorghum (Sorghum bicolore L.). Azospirillum sp. AZ6 produced the highest plant height, yield, number of panicles, and 1000 grain weight relative to Trichoderma harzianum T4 and the non-inoculated control. Therefore, this suggest that Azospirillum sp. AZ6 is suitable for large scale application in sorghum fields to reduce the production costs and increase yield while reducing N fertilizer application rate
The CAFE model: A net production model for global ocean phytoplankton
Authors: Silsbe Greg M. , Behrenfeld Michael J. , Halsey Kimberly H. , Milligan Allen J. , Westberry Toby K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Carbon, Absorption, and Fluorescence Euphotic‐resolving (CAFE) net primary production model is an adaptable framework for advancing global ocean productivity assessments by exploiting state‐of‐the‐art satellite ocean color analyses and addressing key physiological and ecological attributes of phytoplankton. Here we present the first implementation of the CAFE model that incorporates inherent optical properties derived from ocean color measurements into a mechanistic and accurate model of phytoplankton growth rates (μ) and net phytoplankton production (NPP). The CAFE model calculates NPP as the product of energy absorption (QPAR), and the efficiency (ϕμ) by which absorbed energy is converted into carbon biomass (CPhyto), while μ is calculated as NPP normalized to CPhyto. The CAFE model performance is evaluated alongside 21 other NPP models against a spatially robust and globally representative set of direct NPP measurements. This analysis demonstrates that the CAFE model explains the greatest amount of variance and has the lowest model bias relative to other NPP models analyzed with this data set. Global oceanic NPP from the CAFE model (52 Pg C m−2 yr−1) and mean division rates (0.34 day−1) are derived from climatological satellite data (2002–2014). This manuscript discusses and validates individual CAFE model parameters (e.g., QPAR and ϕμ), provides detailed sensitivity analyses, and compares the CAFE model results and parameterization to other widely cited models.
Climate patterns derived from ocean wave spectra
Authors: Portilla‐Yandún Jesús , Salazar Andrés , Cavaleri Luigi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe fact that ocean surface waves are an integrated effect of meteorological activity has the interesting consequence that the memory of the wave systems is larger than that of the wind and storms that generated them. At each single point the related information is stored as its wave spectrum, a matrix containing the energy distribution of wave systems with different origins in space and time. We describe the concept of spectral partitioning and the technique used to obtain spectral statistics, whose outcome we associate with the physical reality. Using long series of spectral data we derive information of the, possibly very far, generation zones climatologically connected at a confluent point. Working on the eastern equatorial Pacific we focus on the prominent effects of El Niño events, for which interactions of mesoscale phenomena are revealed from the analysis of the local situation.
Sliding mode disturbance observer‐based adaptive control for uncertain MIMO nonlinear systems with dead‐zone
Authors: Chen Mou , Chen Shao‐dong , Wu Qing‐xian 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIn this paper, an adaptive integral sliding mode control (ISMC) scheme is developed for a class of uncertain multi‐input and multi‐output nonlinear systems with unknown external disturbance, system uncertainty, and dead‐zone. The research is motivated by the fact that the ISMC scheme against unknown external disturbance and system uncertainty is very important for multi‐input and multi‐output nonlinear systems. The system uncertainty, the unknown external disturbance, and the effect of dead‐zone are integrated as a compounded disturbance, which is well estimated using a sliding mode disturbance observer (SMDO). Then, the adaptive ISMC based on the designed SMDO is presented to guarantee the satisfactory tracking performance in the presence of system uncertainty, external disturbance, and dead‐zone. Finally, the designed adaptive ISMC strategy based on SMDO is applied to the attitude control of the near space vehicle, and simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive ISMC scheme using the SMDO. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The California Linkages Program: Doorway to Housing Support for Child Welfare‐Involved Parents
Authors: D'Andrade Amy , Simon James David , Fabella Danna , Castillo Lolita , Mejia Cesar , Shuster David 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHousing instability can complicate parents’ efforts to provide for their children. Child welfare service agencies have had difficulty adequately serving parents’ housing needs due to limited and constrained funding streams. This article integrates the voices of four important stakeholders to illuminate how an innovative model of service system coordination called Linkages addresses housing needs for child welfare‐involved parents eligible for public assistance. Facilitated by Linkages, these parents can receive supportive housing services through programs affiliated with the California public assistance program CalWORKs. Personal narratives reflecting the diverse perspectives of stakeholders in the Linkages collaboration—the statewide program director, a child welfare services coordinator, a CalWORKs caseworker, and a parent program participant—shed light on how the collaboration assists parents in attaining case plan goals, and highlights some of the factors facilitating and hindering effective collaboration between the agencies involved. Stakeholders emphasized the value of flexible service approaches, the intensity of the efforts required, the role of advocacy, and the importance of a shared vision between agencies working together to provide housing supports.
Selective Mono‐ and Di‐C(aryl)−H Sulfenylation of Benzamides by One‐Pot Assembly of 8‐Aminoquinoline, Benzoyl chlorides, and Thiophenols
Authors: Liu Yunyun , Huang Meiying , Wei Li 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe domino reactions of 8‐aminoquinoline, benzoyl chlorides, and thiophenols in one‐pot provide sulfenylated benzamides efficiently without prior step of preparing N‐qunolinyl benzamides. Besides the significantly improved step economy, the present one‐pot method has also shown featured application in allowing the tunable mono‐ and disulfenylation of benzamides containing two identical C−H bonds by slightly modifying the reaction conditions.
Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethylated Ketones from Vinyl Triflates in the Absence of External Trifluoromethyl Sources
Authors: Kawamoto Takuji , Sasaki Rio , Kamimura Akio 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA novel method for the conversion of vinyl triflates into α‐trifluoromethylated ketones in the absence of external trifluoromethyl sources is described. This process accomplishes an efficient migration of the trifluoromethyl group of the triflate to the α‐position in the ketone through a radical process. The reaction proceeds by the addition of a trifluoromethyl radical to the vinyl triflate and subsequent fragmentation of the trifluoromethane sulfonyl radical. Based on this reaction, a one‐pot two‐step procedure for the trifluoromethylation of ketones was developed. The method presented herein also allows the transfer of perfluoroalkyl groups from vinyl perfluoroalkanesulfonates, which are readily accessible from alkynes and perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids.
Concentrated Electrolyte for the Sodium–Oxygen Battery: Solvation Structure and Improved Cycle Life
Authors: He Mingfu , Lau Kah Chun , Ren Xiaodi , Xiao Neng , McCulloch William D. , Curtiss Larry A. , Wu Yiying 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlkali metal–oxygen batteries are of great interests for energy storage because of their unparalleled theoretical energy densities. Particularly attractive is the emerging Na–O2 battery because of the formation of superoxide as the discharge product. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a promising solvent for this battery but its instability towards Na makes it impractical in the Na–O2 battery. Herein we report the enhanced stability of Na in DMSO solutions containing concentrated sodium trifluoromethanesulfonimide (NaTFSI) salts (>3 mol kg−1). Raman spectra of NaTFSI/DMSO electrolytes and ab initio molecular dynamics simulation reveal the Na+ solvation number in DMSO and the formation of Na(DMSO)3(TFSI)‐like solvation structure. The majority of DMSO molecules solvating Na+ in concentrated solutions reduces the available free DMSO molecules that can react with Na and renders the TFSI anion decomposition, which protects Na from reacting with the electrolyte. Using these concentrated electrolytes, Na–O2 batteries can be cycled forming sodium superoxide (NaO2) as the sole discharge product with improved long cycle life, highlighting the beneficial role of concentrated electrolytes for Na‐based batteries.
In Vitro Selection of pH‐Activated DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Fong Faye Yi , Oh Seung Soo , Hawker Craig J. , Soh H. Tom 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report the first in vitro selection of DNA nanostructures that switch their conformation when triggered by change in pH. Previously, most pH‐active nanostructures were designed using known pH‐active motifs, such as the i‐motif or the triplex structure. In contrast, we performed de novo selections starting from a random library and generated nanostructures that can sequester and release Mipomersen, a clinically approved antisense DNA drug, in response to pH change. We demonstrate extraordinary pH‐selectivity, releasing up to 714‐fold more Mipomersen at pH 5.2 compared to pH 7.5. Interestingly, none of our nanostructures showed significant sequence similarity to known pH‐sensitive motifs, suggesting that they may operate via novel structure‐switching mechanisms. We believe our selection scheme is general and could be adopted for generating DNA nanostructures for many applications including drug delivery, sensors and pH‐active surfaces.
Maximizing Coordination Capsule–Guest Polar Interactions in Apolar Solvents Reveals Significant Binding
Authors: August David P. , Nichol Gary S. , Lusby Paul J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGuest encapsulation underpins the functional properties of self‐assembled capsules yet identifying systems capable of strongly binding small organic molecules in solution remains a challenge. Most coordination capsules rely on the hydrophobic effect to ensure effective solution‐phase association. In contrast, we show that using non‐interacting anions in apolar solvents can maximize favorable interactions between a cationic Pd2L4 host and charge‐neutral guests resulting in a dramatic increase in binding strength. With quinone‐type guests, association constants in excess of 108 m−1 were observed, comparable to the highest previously recorded constant for a metallosupramolecular capsule. Modulation of optoelectronic properties of the guests was also observed, with encapsulation either changing or switching‐on luminescence not present in the bulk phase.