bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmenting Interpolation-Based Model Checking with Auxiliary Invariants
Authors: Beyer Dirk , Chien Po-Chun , Lee Nian-Ze 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSoftware model checking is a challenging problem, and generating relevant invariants is a key factor in proving the safety properties of a program. Program invariants can be obtained by various approaches, including lightweight procedures based on data-flow analysis and intensive techniques using Craig interpolation. Although data-flow analysis runs efficiently, it often produces invariants that are too weak to prove the properties. By contrast, interpolation-based approaches build strong invariants from interpolants, but they might not scale well due to expensive interpolation procedures. Invariants can also be injected into model-checking algorithms to assist the analysis. Invariant injection has been studied for many well-known approaches, including k-induction, predicate abstraction, and symbolic execution. We propose an augmented interpolation-based verification algorithm that injects external invariants into interpolation-based model checking (McMillan, 2003), a hardware model-checking algorithm recently adopted for software verification. The auxiliary invariants help prune unreachable states in Craig interpolants and confine the analysis to the reachable parts of a program. We implemented the proposed technique in the verification framework CPAchecker and evaluated it against mature SMT-based methods in CPAchecker as well as other state-of-the-art software verifiers. We found that injecting invariants reduces the number of interpolation queries needed to prove safety properties and improves the run-time efficiency. Consequently, the proposed invariant-injection approach verified difficult tasks that none of its plain version (i.e., without invariants), the invariant generator, or any compared tools could solve.
Introduction: CLIC EU Horizon2020 R&I Project: Circular Models Leveraging Investments in Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse
Authors: Fusco Girard Luigi , Gravagnuolo Antonia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis volume harvests the key results of on the Horizon 2020 CLIC research project on “Circular economy models to leverage investments in cultural heritage adaptive reuse”. This multidisciplinary and trans-disciplinary research was developed between 2017 and 2022 engaging hundreds of citizens and stakeholders in four pilot European cities to experiment innovative approaches for the adaptive reuse and management of cultural heritage in the perspective of the circular economy.
Grassroots Social Sustainability Framework and Intrinsic Value Measures for Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse Projects
Authors: Domaradzka Anna , Roszczyńska-Kurasińska Magdalena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter illustrates the results of pilot implementation of the grassroot social sustainability framework (GSS) to study specific cases of adaptive reuse projects. The framework is based on the ideas described in detail in another chapter of this book (Żbikowska et al. 2024, Chap. 10, this volume). Here, we present the results of three pilot studies to demonstrate how concepts of social sustainability and intrinsic value can be linked to create a practical methodological framework. Its primary purpose is to enable the analysis of the social surroundings of cultural heritage sites as well as the qualities of the sites themselve, to identify opportunities and threats for achieving long-term grassroots sustainability.
Towards Participatory, Dynamic, Co-evolutionary Evaluation for Circular Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage: The Experimentation of Salerno Circular City of Health
Authors: Gravagnuolo Antonia , Bosone Martina , Micheletti Serena , Angrisano Mariarosaria , Fusco Girard Luigi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdaptive reuse describes the process of giving “new life to old buildings” through new uses and functions compatible with the existing building/site. This process can be implemented in cultural heritage sites that have lost their functionality for many reasons, and lay in a state of abandonment or underuse. The recovery of the rich cultural heritage in abandonment, from religious heritage buildings not used anymore in today’s society, to ancient fortifications, civic buildings, lighthouses, commercial sites, can be a leverage for the regeneration of urban areas and rural landscapes, enhancing the attractiveness of cities and regions. Moreover, as discussed in this volume, the functional reuse of cultural heritage can be an opportunity to recover unused resources implementing the principles of the circular economy: reuse, recovery, refurbishing, restoration, regeneration. Sustainable and circular adaptive reuse of cultural heritage should focus on ecosystems regeneration, social and cultural regeneration, and economic benefits for communities. Attention to the formation of “heritage communities” caring for cultural heritage and contributing to its maintenance and conservation, a careful knowledge of the urban and territorial system on which the assets insist, the sustainable valorisation of the intangible heritage as a tool for understanding the tangible one, represent tools that can reasonably orient the transformation processes in line with a virtuous operational practice. The aim of this chapter is to present the CLIC dynamic and co-evolutionary evaluation methodology for participatory circular adaptive reuse of cultural heritage. The methodology was applied in Salerno, Italy to support the adaptive reuse of four large historic buildings in a state of abandonment
Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage: Barrier Assessment and Policy-Related Recommendations
Authors: Ikiz Kaya Deniz , Pintossi Nadia , Koot Caroline A. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe adaptive reuse of cultural heritage is a heritage conservation and urban development strategy that supports circularity in the built environment. A human-centred circular city approach that places cultural heritage adaptive reuse at the core of the transition to circular economy takes into account complex values inherent in cities and their heritage as part of the circular economy agenda. To better understand the challenges to adaptive reuse processes and practices in order to come up with the best solutions and recommendations, the local, regional and national stakeholders involved in the decision-making processes for adaptive reuse policies and practices were consulted to identify the main barriers to adaptive reuse, suggested solutions and to formulate a multi-level toolkit and policy enablers to facilitate and accelerate adaptive reuse in local contexts. This knowledge base thus has a dual purpose: to inform the formulation of the circular instruments and models, and to constitute the first step to formulate policy-related enablers and strategies to tackle these barriers at local, regional, national and global levels. The main barriers to adaptive reuse identified predominantly focus on governance-related issues, followed closely by economic, social, and legislative barriers. The underlying parameters of the identified barriers also served as an initiative for formulating policy solutions and a complex set of toolkit recommendations to tackle these challenges. We identified 18 policy enablers that can be adopted at European, national, and local levels. By raising awareness and building consensus on barriers among relevant actors involved in adaptive reuse, this research also promotes the transition towards a proactive attitude in adaptive reuse practices worldwide.
A New Approach for Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse: Circular Governance
Authors: Garzillo Cristina , Wildman Allison , Balenciaga Intza , Izulain Ane 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe launch of the New European Bauhaus initiative has marked a milestone in the recognition and valorisation of cultural values and cultural heritage by European leaders as part of a sustainable thriving future. But cultural heritage assets—both tangible and intangible, protected and unprotected—are continuously under threat from a variety of economic, sociological, and environmental pressures (e.g., poor territorial planning, unconstrained tourism, disinvestment…).
Circular Business Model for Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse: An Iterative Journey
Authors: Saleh Ruba , Ost Christian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAfter World War I, an architectural and urban movement for protecting heritage emerged. An important turning point for urban conservation was when the focus shifted from the process itself towards questioning why to conserve (what are the values being safeguarded) and for whom? Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage became a two faceted tool which tackles contemporary needs with high quality reuse projects and provides evidence of the multilayered positive impacts. Although there is no commonly agreed upon definition of cultural entrepreneurship, the authors define it as a set of activities aimed at harnessing a cultural business opportunity. The novelty stands in being innovative in transforming cultural values into economic values. The process of creating new adaptive reuse of heritage buildings is about the business of transforming abandoned, underused or not in use cultural heritage into common goods which reflect needs and aspirations of the contemporary local community with respect to environment and social practices and interactions. It is timely for cultural entrepreneurs to embrace circular and innovative organizational forms of business and finance for managing their cultural activities. Cultural entrepreneurship is auspicious because it endows innovative concepts on quantity, quality and manipulation of resources in tandem with novel ways of empowering consumers, prosumers and the community at large in governing the common goods. This paper illustrates the process of developing a circular business model for adaptive reuse of cultural heritage in line with the guidelines of the Historic Urban Landscape approach. It also delineates how the circular business model workshops were conducted throughout H2020 project CLIC and what were the main results.
Key Learnings from the “Kultur-Token” Sustainable Business Modelling Case Study
Authors: Foster Gillian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn 2020, the Vienna University of Economics and Business’ Institute for Ecological Economics and Institute for Cryptoeconomics (WU) conducted a sustainable business modeling case study for a municipal initiative, the City of Vienna’s “Kultur-Token” (KT). The KT is one of the City of Vienna’s pilot initiatives to enhance city life with culture—while addressing the global challenge of climate change with local greenhouse gas/air pollution reductions.
Investment Leverage for Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Pickerill Tracy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe investment needs of urban, peri urban and rural areas to achieve sustainable growth varies depending on the size of urban conurbations and rural clusters, demographic trends, geographic location, political and economic stability and the quality of existing assets, including cultural heritage assets. The reticence of traditional capital markets to quantifying intangible socio-cultural, environmental, aesthetic, and spiritual values in the cultural heritage investment decision making process, can lead to market failure, investment barriers and a consequent trade-off between value judgments relating to the value preferences of diverse stakeholders. Altered financial markets stemming from political and economic turbulence over the last decade has exacerbated this situation and negatively impacted on the financial viability of many cultural heritage activities. Market failure coupled with pure profit orientation, from some sectors of the marketplace, can potentially result in inappropriate adaptation or demolition of built heritage assets unless gap finance can be sourced from limited public finances or sympathetic philanthropic benefactors, leaving the fate of many cultural assets to profit driven capital markets and political whim.
The Circular “Human-Centred” Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage: Theoretical Foundations
Authors: Fusco Girard Luigi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Horizon 2020 call SC5-22-2017 required to identify “innovative financing, business and governance models for adaptive re-use of cultural heritage”. Four kinds of cultural heritage assets were considered in the call: dismissed religious heritage, abandoned industrial buildings, farm buildings no longer used for agriculture and cultural landscape. Some specific outcomes of the CLIC research in reacting to the above issues and also some very general Recommendations are proposed.
Circular Financing Mechanisms for Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Lupu Aliona , Allegro Ivo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe chapter “Circular Financing Mechanisms for Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage” addresses the need for innovative financing to preserve cultural heritage amid reduced public budgets, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Traditional funding methods are critiqued for inefficiency and overemphasis on preservation without leveraging cultural heritage’s full potential. The Horizon2020 CLIC project proposes a circular economy approach, developing a taxonomy for circular, sustainable, green, social, impact, and ESG finance. Three primary financial instruments are introduced: the ARCH Investment Readiness Facility, the ARCH Hybrid Circular Impact Fund, and a hybrid Public Private Partnership (PPP) approach. These mechanisms aim to mobilize private investments, enhance project viability, and generate long-term social, cultural, and environmental impacts. Emphasis is placed on robust impact assessment frameworks and results-based financing to ensure transparency and efficiency. The project highlights the potential of blended finance to attract private investments and achieve sustainable development goals. In conclusion, the proposed mechanisms aim to bridge the financing gap for cultural heritage projects, promoting sustainable economic growth and social inclusion. The integration of public and private efforts within a circular economy framework is essential for preserving cultural heritage. The chapter underscores the importance of innovative financing solutions to support adaptive reuse and long-term sustainability.
Conclusions and Some Guidelines
Authors: Fusco Girard Luigi , Gravagnuolo Antonia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhich conclusions? Which critical reflections about the CLIC results? Which recommendations? The conclusions of this volume offer an overview on the theoretical framework and operational aspects of the circular symbiotic heritage ecosystem model, focused on the relationships between cultural heritage adaptive reuse and local development in the perspective of the circular economy and circular city/region implementation. The adoption of the circular model requires to take care of the long term, of intangibles that do not have a monetary dimension, and thus it recognizes a specific weight to many benefits that are those typical of cultural heritage, that in traditional economic terms are underestimated. The circular model re-establishes “weights” with respect to conventional economics, according to ecological and human-centred values, valorising the intangible dimensions that are usually not recognized operationally. On the other side, the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage contributes to the realisation of the circular city model.
Intangible Matters: Cultural Heritage as a Driver for Circular Economy
Authors: Acri Marco , Greffe M. Xavier , Dobričić Saša 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBy examining the experiences from the CLIC project, which integrates cultural heritage adaptive reuse with the concepts of circular economy, the paper highlights the historical significance of these principles and their contemporary relevance. Historically, the production of daily objects, works of art, and monuments adhered to economic principles of efficiency and efficacy, optimising the use of available materials while perfecting their primary uses. However, industrialisation and globalisation have altered this logic, making materials more accessible but diminishing specialised craftsmanship. Driven by sustainability concerns, there is a need to recreate an alternative narrative that reinterprets traditional local economies. This paper focusses on the intrinsic circularity of the cultural heritage market, emphasising the contribution of intangible elements such as tacit and explicit knowledge, taste, and design in the production of heritage through craftsmanship. The discussion is organised into two main sections: the first re-examines the conceptual framework of tailor-made design from a circular economy perspective, discussing information asymmetry, tacit knowledge, maintenance, repair, taste, vintage, and the second life of things. The second section underscores the importance of recovering traditional cultural heritage production processes, highlighting the collaborative role of designers, craftsmen, and users in creating heritage through a tailor-made process. The paper concludes with recommendations for new theoretical and political narratives that restore the intangible dimension to cultural heritage.
The Intimate Circular Dimension of Heritage Conservation and Historic Urban Landscape
Authors: Dobričić Saša , Acri Marco , Jokilehto Jukka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe doctrine of conservation, enriched by centuries of multidisciplinary contributions, emphasizes the preservation of cultural heritage and its profound societal relevance. Despite its complexity and diverse perspectives, the doctrine underscores the need to protect cultural and natural diversity from the adverse effects of globalized economic dynamics that have replaced technologies and materials and have contributed to the reduction of available local skills in artisanship. This paper examines how adaptive reuse and circular economy principles can bolster conservation efforts, aligning with the intrinsic mission to preserve embodied energy, reduce resource waste and rely on skilled artisans performing constant care. To this aim, it recalls the contribution of the CLIC project, which advocates the need for innovative economic models that integrate conservation values, promoting sustainability while addressing contemporary challenges. It stresses the importance of establishing robust governance frameworks, extensive education, and supportive legislation for effective heritage preservation. It concludes by placing emphasis on local awareness, creative conservation methods, and the experiential dimension of heritage, ensuring cultural assets are maintained and utilized responsibly, as well as asks for future efforts to balance development pressures with the imperative to preserve cultural narratives, recognizing heritage as an invaluable capital that enhances societal well-being and resilience.
In Search of a Circular Model for Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse: Building Evidence-Base
Authors: Gravagnuolo Antonia , Monteleone Gabriella , Fusco Girard Luigi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe CLIC framework for circular adaptive reuse of cultural heritage was tested through the assessment of European adaptive reuse cases, to identify the elements of success in diverse contexts according to specific and multidimensional circularity criteria. One of the objectives of the CLIC project was to strengthen efforts to harness data for heritage management in EU regions, developing participatory mapping, unified access to heritage-related databases, data visualization, citizen-generated data. This contribution aims to present the methodology and tools used in the CLIC adaptive reuse of cultural heritage to collect, organise, analyse and interpret relevant data on European cultural heritage adaptive reuse practices, to identify good practices, success factors and barriers towards the implementation of the circular model for heritage reuse and regeneration. The CLIC Survey rationale and structure is described, followed by the pilot data collection platform features, data analysis and assessment. A number of case studies is provided as an overview of the relevant information collected and how it was used to advance knowledge on successful adaptive reuse cases.
A Statistical Model Representation and Analysis of Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse Practices Based on Latent Variables for Circularity Assessment
Authors: Lauro Natale Carlo , Gravagnuolo Antonia , Fusco Girard Luigi , Vellecco Immacolata , Lauro Maurizio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCultural heritage is a non-reproducible cultural resource, contributing to communities’ identity and wellbeing, to be preserved for present and future generations ensuring cultural identity and diversity as human right. However, cultural heritage buildings, sites and often entire historic urban areas or villages can be subject to abandonment and degradation, if not used and maintained over time. Between diverse approaches to preserve cultural heritage (e.g. restoration, recovery, maintenance), adaptive reuse is a process of re-use of buildings and sites that have lost their original function, identifying new functions/uses, compatible with heritage values. Adaptive reuse can be a valid solution to keep cultural heritage in a proper conservation state, preserving cultural values at risk of irreversible loss due to abandonment, and ensuring access and enjoyment of heritage assets. Re-use is also considered the key process through which implementing the circular economy, not only in manufacturing industry but also in the construction industry and urban/regional development, thus the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage can represent an effective approach to realise circular cities and regions, bringing abandoned and underused historic buildings and sites to new life. However, from the point of view of conservation, adaptive reuse implies possible changes to adapt heritage to new uses, ranging from structural modifications, to technological improvements or lighter, reversible interventions. The degree of change of cultural heritage needed for implementing new uses can vary, and should be carefully assessed in a multidimensional perspective, to avoid the risk of threatening or reducing cultural value through the reuse process. Thus, appropriate evaluation methods and tools should be identified to support the decision-making process, particularly when multiple stakeholders are involved and different solutions can be proposed. The aim of this chapter is to propose an innovative methodology to assess the circularity of cultural heritage adaptive reuse best practice, and testing, at the same time, the validity of the theoretical framework discussed in the previous chapters. The evaluation of several practices on the base of suitable indicators collected through a European survey allowed to validate specific circularity criteria and definitions that can support decision-makers.
A Multicriteria and Multi-scalar Decision Support System to Implement Circular Economy in Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse
Authors: Panaro Simona , Greco Salvatore , Ishizaka Alessio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents the Decision Support System (DSS) developed within the CLIC project. Involving different stakeholders in a step by-step procedure, this tool supports transparent and informed decision making on the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage. The description of the methodology will be complemented by two practical boxes, in which the implementation of the tool in the Italian city of Salerno and the Croatian city of Rijeka will be briefly presented.