bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pineal complex: a morphological and immunohistochemical comparison between a tropical (Paracheirodon axelrodi) and a subtropical (Aphyocharax anisitsi) characid species
Authors: Rincón Camacho Laura , Morandini Leonel , Birba Agustina , Cavallino Luciano , Alonso Felipe , LoNostro Fabiana L. , Pandolfi Matias 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTCardinal neon Paracheirodon axelrodi and bloodfin tetra Aphyocharax anisitsi are two species of characids with high trade value as ornamental fish in South America. Although both species inhabit middle water layers, cardinal neon exhibits a tropical distribution and bloodfin tetra a subtropical one. In this work, we carried out an anatomical, histological and immunohistochemical study of the pineal complex of P. axelrodi and A. anisitsi. In both species, the pineal complex consisted of three components, the pineal and parapineal organs and the dorsal sac (DS). The pineal organ was composed of a short, thin pineal stalk (PS), vertically disposed with respect to the upper surface of the telencephalon, and a pineal vesicle (PV), located at the distal end of the PS and attached to the skull by connective tissue. The pineal window (PW), a site in the skull where the luminal information accesses the pineal organ, appeared just above the latter structures. In the epidermis of P. axelrodi's PW, club cells were identified, but were not observed in the epidermis of A. anisitsi's one. With respect to the DS, it appeared to be folded on itself, and was bigger and more folded in A. anisitsi than in P. axelrodi. Immunohistochemical assays revealed the presence of cone opsin‐like and rod opsin‐like photoreceptor cells in the PS and PV. These results provide a first insight into the morphological assembly of the pineal complex of both species, and contribute to a better understanding of the integration and transduction of light stimuli in characids. J. Morphol. 277:1355–1367, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Borderline health: jurisdictional variation in Australian medicines legislation poses potential risks to patients and healthcare practitioners
Authors: Hope Denise L. , Dickfos Steven T. , Ellerby Rachel E. , King Michelle A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundMedicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme may suggest to patients that medicines supply is the same everywhere in Australia. National Registration of Health Practitioners removed barriers to practitioners working interstate.AimTo identify variations in state and territory medicines legislation with potential to negatively impact patients or practitioners.MethodAustralian state and territory Acts and Regulations related to medicines prescribing and provision were compared. Legislative variations with potential to either harm patients, or increase health practitioners' legal or ethical risk, were identified.ResultsPotential patient harm may occur due to inconsistent requirements for prescription particulars, retention of prescription repeats by pharmacies in some states, or variation in age restriction on medicines provision.Potential practitioner risk may arise due to inconsistencies in practitioners' prescribing rights or variable requirements to prescribe or dispense medicines.ConclusionIdeally, all Australian states and territories should adopt uniform medicines legislation.
Long‐term outcomes of the minimally invasive free vascularized omental lymphatic flap for the treatment of lymphedema
Authors: Nguyen Alexander T. , Suami Hiroo , Hanasono Matthew M. , Womack Veda A. , Wong Franklin C. , Chang Edward I. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe free vascularized omental lymphatic flap provides an option without the risk for iatrogenic donor site lymphedema that plagues alternative lymph node transfer donor sites. The omental flap has been associated with significant morbidity in the past; however, with modern techniques and advanced in technology, a minimally invasive approach to flap harvest is feasible. We present the long‐term outcomes of the minimally invasive free vascularized omental lymphatic flap for the treatment of lymphedema.MethodsAll consecutive patients with advanced lymphedema undergoing minimally invasive free vascularized omental lymphatic flap transfer were included. Perioperative evaluation included qualitative assessments, lymphoscintigraphy, and volumetric measurements.ResultsOverall, 42 patients underwent a free omental lymphatic flap and had a mean follow‐up of 14 (3–32) months. Subjective improvements were noted in 83% of patients. Mean volumetric improvement was 22%. Complications occurred in 16% (n = 7) of patients; this included one episode of pancreatitis and one flap loss. Postoperative imaging revealed viable lymphatic transfers. Cellulitis history was present in 74% (n = 31) patients with post‐operative cellulitis occurring in 5% (n = 2) patients.ConclusionsThe minimally invasive free vascularized omental lymphatic flap provides a safe donor site, a durable and versatile flap, and an efficacious therapy against lymphedema and lymphedema‐related cellulitis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:84–89. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzymatic Crosslinking of Polymer Conjugates is Superior over Ionic or UV Crosslinking for the On‐Chip Production of Cell‐Laden Microgels
Authors: Henke Sieger , Leijten Jeroen , Kemna Evelien , Neubauer Martin , Fery Andreas , van den Berg Albert , van Apeldoorn Aart , Karperien Marcel 
Published: July 2016

Cell‐laden micrometer‐sized hydrogels (microgels) hold great promise for improving high throughput ex‐vivo drug screening and engineering biomimetic tissues. Microfluidics is a powerful tool to produce microgels. However, only a limited amount of biomaterials have been reported to be compatible with on‐chip microgel formation. Moreover, these biomaterials are often associated with mechanical instability, cytotoxicity, and cellular senescence. To resolve this challenge, dextran‐tyramine has been explored as a novel biomaterial for on‐chip microgel formation. In particular, dextran‐tyramine is compared with two commonly used biomaterials, namely, polyethylene‐glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and alginate, which crosslink through enzymatic reaction, UV polymerization, and ionic interaction, respectively. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) encapsulated in dextran‐tyramine microgels demonstrate significantly higher (95%) survival as compared to alginate (81%) and PEGDA (69%). Long‐term cell cultures demonstrate that hMSCs in PEGDA microgels become senescent after 7 d. Alginate microgels dissolve within 7 d due to Ca2+ loss. In contrast, dextran‐tyramine based microgels remain stable, sustain hMSCs metabolic activity, and permit for single‐cell level analysis for at least 28 d of culture. In conclusion, enzymatically crosslinking dextran‐tyramine conjugates represent a novel biomaterial class for the on‐chip production of cell‐laden microgels, which possesses unique advantages as compared to the commonly used UV and ionic crosslinking biomaterials.image
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Thermoresponsive Diblock Copolymer Nano‐Objects via Aqueous Photoinitiated Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (Photo‐PISA) using Thermoresponsive Macro‐RAFT Agents
Authors: Tan Jianbo , Bai Yuhao , Zhang Xuechao , Huang Chundong , Liu Dongdong , Zhang Li 
Published: July 2016

Photoinitiated reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate is conducted in water at low temperature using thermoresponsive copolymers of 2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate and oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (Mn = 475 g mol−1) as the macro‐RAFT agent. Kinetic studies confirm that quantitative monomer conversion is achieved within 15 min of visible‐light irradiation (405 nm, 0.5 mW cm−2), and good control is maintained during the polymerization. The polymerization can be temporally controlled by a simple “ON/OFF” switch of the light source. Finally, thermoresponsive diblock copolymer nano‐objects with a diverse set of complex morphologies (spheres, worms, and vesicles) are prepared using this particular formulation.image
A Pareto Algorithm for Efficient De Novo Design of Multi‐functional Molecules
Authors: Daeyaert Frits , Deem Micheal W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe have introduced a Pareto sorting algorithm into Synopsis, a de novo design program that generates synthesizable molecules with desirable properties. We give a detailed description of the algorithm and illustrate its working in 2 different de novo design settings: the design of putative dual and selective FGFR and VEGFR inhibitors, and the successful design of organic structure determining agents (OSDAs) for the synthesis of zeolites. We show that the introduction of Pareto sorting not only enables the simultaneous optimization of multiple properties but also greatly improves the performance of the algorithm to generate molecules with hard‐to‐meet constraints. This in turn allows us to suggest approaches to address the problem of false positive hits in de novo structure based drug design by introducing structural and physicochemical constraints in the designed molecules, and by forcing essential interactions between these molecules and their target receptor.
A model describing diffusion in prostate cancer
Authors: Gilani Nima , Malcolm Paul , Johnson Glyn 
Published: July 2016

PurposeQuantitative diffusion MRI has frequently been studied as a means of grading prostate cancer. Interpretation of results is complicated by the nature of prostate tissue, which consists of four distinct compartments: vascular, ductal lumen, epithelium, and stroma. Current diffusion measurements are an ill‐defined weighted average of these compartments. In this study, prostate diffusion is analyzed in terms of a model that takes explicit account of tissue compartmentalization, exchange effects, and the non‐Gaussian behavior of tissue diffusion.MethodThe model assumes that exchange between the cellular (ie, stromal plus epithelial) and the vascular and ductal compartments is slow. Ductal and cellular diffusion characteristics are estimated by Monte Carlo simulation and a two‐compartment exchange model, respectively. Vascular pseudodiffusion is represented by an additional signal at b = 0. Most model parameters are obtained either from published data or by comparing model predictions with the published results from 41 studies. Model prediction error is estimated using 10‐fold cross‐validation.ResultsAgreement between model predictions and published results is good. The model satisfactorily explains the variability of ADC estimates found in the literature.ConclusionA reliable model that predicts the diffusion behavior of benign and cancerous prostate tissue of different Gleason scores has been developed. Magn Reson Med 78:316–326, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Pediatric quality of life in long‐term survivors of childhood cancer treated with anthracyclines
Authors: Ryerson A. Blythe , Wasilewski‐Masker Karen , Border William L. , Goodman Michael , Meacham Lillian , Austin Harland , Marchak Jordan Gilleland , Mertens Ann C. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundAnthracyclines are a common class of drugs used to treat pediatric cancer. While much attention is given to their cardiotoxicity, little is known about the relationship between the use of anthracyclines and health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQoL) outcomes. This study examines the association of anthracycline cardiotoxicity risk status and Pediatric Quality‐of‐Life (PedsQL) InventoryTM scores in childhood cancerMethodsPediatric cancer survivors aged 8–21 who were at least 5 years posttreatment were recruited from a Cancer Survivor Clinic. Participants completed the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and a health behavior survey. Linear regression was used to evaluate the association between PedsQL scores and anthracycline cardiotoxicity risk status and to assess whether self‐reported physical activity modified the association.ResultsEighty survivors participated and were characterized by cardiotoxicity risk status (high: 12; moderate: 23, low: 24, no risk: 21) as defined by the Children's Oncology Group (COG). Measures in all PedsQL domains tended to be slightly lower for survivors exposed to anthracyclines as compared to the unexposed. The largest difference in unadjusted mean scores was for social functioning (96.0% for unexposed vs. 91.3% for exposed, P = 0.0068). There was also an inverse dose–response relation between adjusted PedsQL scores and increasing anthracycline cardiotoxicity risk; this association was not modified by physical activity level.ConclusionThese data indicate that regular psychosocial assessments, such as those currently recommended by the COG, may be especially important for survivors treated with anthracyclines.
The impact of mosaicism in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD): approaches to PGD for dominant disorders in couples without family history
Authors: Naja Roy Pascal , Dhanjal Seema , Doshi Alpesh , Serhal Paul , Delhanty Joy , SenGupta Sioban B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesMosaicism in certain dominant disorders may result in a ‘non‐Mendelian’ transmission for the causative mutation. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is available for patients with inherited disorders to achieve an unaffected pregnancy. We present our experience for two female patients with different dominantly inherited autosomal disorders; neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and tuberous sclerosis complex type 2 (TSC2).MethodsPGD protocol development was carried out using single cells from the patients. PGD was carried out on polar bodies and different embryonic cells.ResultsProtocol development for NF1 using lymphocytes from the patient suggested mosaicism for the mutation. This was supported further by quantitative fluorescent‐PCR performed on genomic DNA. During PGD, polar bodies and blastomeres lacked the mutation that probably was absent or present at very low levels in the patient's germline. Single lymphocyte analysis during protocol development for TSC2 did not indicate mosaicism; however, analysis of single buccal cells and multiple embryo biopsies across two consecutive IVF/PGD cycles confirmed gonosomal mosaicism.ConclusionsThe trend in PGD is for blastocyst biopsy followed by whole genome amplification, eliminating single cell analysis. In the case of certain dominantly inherited disorders, pre‐PGD single cell analysis is beneficial to identify potential mosaicism that ensures robust protocols. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recurrent selection with reduced 2,4‐D amine doses results in the rapid evolution of 2,4‐D herbicide resistance in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.)
Authors: Ashworth Michael B , Walsh Michael J , Flower Ken C , Powles Stephen B 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhen used at effective doses, weed resistance to auxinic herbicides has been slow to evolve when compared with other modes of action. Here we report the evolutionary response of a herbicide‐susceptible population of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) and confirm that sublethal doses of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) amine can lead to the rapid evolution of 2,4‐D resistance and cross‐resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibiting herbicides.RESULTSFollowing four generations of 2,4‐D selection, the progeny of a herbicide‐susceptible wild radish population evolved 2,4‐D resistance, increasing the LD50 from 16 to 138 g ha−1. Along with 2,4‐D resistance, cross‐resistance to the ALS‐inhibiting herbicides metosulam (4.0‐fold) and chlorsulfuron (4.5‐fold) was evident. Pretreatment of the 2,4‐D‐selected population with the cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion restored chlorsulfuron to full efficacy, indicating that cross‐resistance to chlorsulfuron was likely due to P450‐catalysed enhanced rates of herbicide metabolism.CONCLUSIONThis study is the first to confirm the rapid evolution of auxinic herbicide resistance through the use of low doses of 2,4‐D and serves as a reminder that 2,4‐D must always be used at highly effective doses. With the introduction of transgenic auxinic‐herbicide‐resistant crops in the Americas, there will be a marked increase in auxinic herbicide use and therefore the risk of resistance evolution. Auxinic herbicides should be used only at effective doses and with diversity if resistance is to remain a minimal issue. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
DAT detectors: uncovering TCP/IP covert channels by descriptive analytics
Authors: Iglesias Felix , Annessi Robert , Zseby Tanja 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCovert channels provide means to conceal information transfer between hosts and bypass security barriers in communication networks. Hidden communication is of paramount concern for governments and companies, because it can conceal data leakage and malware communication, which are crucial building blocks used in cyber crime. We propose detectors based on descriptive analytics of traffic (DAT) to facilitate revealing network and transport layer covert channels originated from a wide spectrum of published data‐hiding techniques. DAT detectors transform communication data into flexible feature vectors that represent traffic by a set of extracted calculations and estimations. For the case of covert channels, the core of the detection is performed by the combined application of autocorrelation calculations and multimodality measures built upon kernel density estimations and Pareto charts. DAT detectors are devised to be embedded as extensions of network intrusion detection systems, being able to perform fast, lightweight analysis of numerous flows. The present paper focuses specifically on TCP/IP traffic and provides suitable classifications of TCP/IP fields and related covert channel techniques from the perspective of the statistical detection. The proposed methodology is evaluated with public traffic datasets as well as covert channels generated according to main techniques described in the related literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of Latent Ability Using a Response Pattern of Graded Scores
Authors: Samejima Fumiko 
Published: July 2016

This monograph is a part of a more comprehensive treatment of estimation of latent traits, when the entire response pattern is used.The fundamental structure of the whole theory comes from the latent trait model, which was initiated by Lazarsfeld as the latent structure analysis [Lazarsfeld, 1959], and also by Lord and others as a theory of mental test scores [Lord, 1952]. Similarities and differences in their mathematical structures and tendencies were discussed by Lazarsfeld [Lazarsfeld, 1960] and the recent book by Lord and Novick with contributions by Birnbaum [Lord & Novick, 1968] provides the dichotomous case of the latent trait model in the context of mental measurement.
Lack of global epigenetic methylation defects in CBS deficient mice
Authors: Lee Hyung‐Ok , Wang Liqun , Kuo Yin‐Ming , Gupta Sapna , Slifker Michael J. , Li Yue‐sheng , Andrews Andrew J. , Kruger Warren D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) deficiency is a recessive inborn error of metabolism in which patients have extremely elevated plasma total homocysteine and have clinical manifestations in the vascular, visual, skeletal, and nervous systems. Homocysteine is an intermediary metabolite produced from the hydrolysis of S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), which is a by‐product of methylation reactions involving the methyl‐donor S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM). Here, we have measured SAM, SAH, DNA and histone methylation status in an inducible mouse model of CBS deficiency to test the hypothesis that homocysteine‐related phenotypes are caused by inhibition of methylation due to elevated SAH and reduced SAM/SAH ratio. We found that mice lacking CBS have elevated cellular SAH and reduced SAM/SAH ratios in both liver and kidney, but this was not associated with alterations in the level of 5‐methylcytosine or various histone modifications. Using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation in combination with microarray, we found that of the 241 most differentially methylated promoter probes, 89 % were actually hypermethylated in CBS deficient mice. In addition, we did not find that changes in DNA methylation correlated well with changes in RNA expression in the livers of induced and uninduced CBS mice. Our data indicates that reduction in the SAM/SAH ratio, due to loss of CBS activity, does not result in overall hypomethylation of either DNA or histones.
Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Modeling of the B2O3-FeO-Fe2O3-Nd2O3 System for Recycling of NdFeB Magnet Scrap
Authors: Jakobsson Lars Klemet , Tranell Gabriella , Jung In-Ho 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
NdFeB magnet scrap is an alternative source of neodymium that could have a significantly lower impact on the environment than current mining and extraction processes. Neodymium can be readily oxidized in the presence of oxygen, which makes it easy to recover neodymium in oxide form. Thermochemical data and phase diagrams for neodymium oxide containing systems is, however, very limited. Thermodynamic modeling of the B2O3-FeO-Fe2O3-Nd2O3 system was hence performed to obtain accurate phase diagrams and thermochemical properties of the system. Key phase diagram experiments were also carried out for the FeO-Nd2O3 system in saturation with iron to improve the accuracy of the present modeling. The modified quasichemical model was used to describe the Gibbs energy of the liquid oxide phase. The Gibbs energy functions of the liquid phase and the solids were optimized to reproduce all available and reliable phase diagram data, and thermochemical properties of the system. Finally the optimized database was applied to calculate conditions for selective oxidation of neodymium from NdFeB magnet waste.
A new method of infrared thermography for quantification of brown adipose tissue activation in healthy adults (TACTICAL): a randomized trial
Authors: Ang Qi Yan , Goh Hui Jen , Cao Yanpeng , Li Yiqun , Chan Siew-Pang , Swain Judith L. , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar , Leow Melvin Khee-Shing 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The ability to alter the amount and activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in human adults is a potential strategy to manage obesity and related metabolic disorders associated with food, drug, and environmental stimuli with BAT activating/recruiting capacity. Infrared thermography (IRT) provides a non-invasive and inexpensive alternative to the current methods (e.g. 18F-FDG PET) used to assess BAT. We have quantified BAT activation in the cervical-supraclavicular (C-SCV) region using IRT video imaging and a novel image computational algorithm by studying C-SCV heat production in healthy young men after cold stimulation and the ingestion of capsinoids in a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Subjects were divided into low-BAT and high-BAT groups based on changes in IR emissions in the C-SCV region induced by cold. The high-BAT group showed significant increases in energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and heat output in the C-SCV region post-capsinoid ingestion compared to post-placebo ingestion, but the low-BAT group did not. Based on these results, we conclude that IRT is a promising tool for quantifying BAT activity.