bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validating a Digital Soil Map with Corn Yield Data for Precision Agriculture Decision Support
Authors: Bobryk Christopher W. , Myers D. Brenton , Kitchen Newell R. , Shanahan John F. , Sudduth Kenneth A. , Drummond Scott T. , Gunzenhauser Bob , Raboteaux Nadilia N. Gomez 
Published: April 2016

Capturing the variability in soil‐landscape properties is a challenge for grain producers attempting to integrate spatial information into the decision process of precision agriculture (PA). Digital soil maps (DSMs) use traditional soil survey information and can be the basis for PA subfield delineation (e.g., management zones). However, public soil survey maps provide only general descriptions of soil‐landscape features. Therefore, improved DSMs are needed that use high‐resolution data that more precisely model soil‐landscape characteristics. Additionally, reliable methods are needed to validate DSM products for PA. The objective of this study was to validate with corn (Zea mays L.) yield data the performance of a new DSM product, termed Environmental Response Unit (ERU), compared with the USDA Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) soil map. The ERU was developed by integrating SSURGO information with high‐resolution elevation data. For validation, corn yield maps were collected and corrected for common data collection errors from 409 fields across Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska in 2010 to 2012. Reductions in the area‐weighted variance (Rv) of corn yield for ERU and SSURGO were calculated relative to the whole‐field variance. The average Rv across all site‐years for SSURGO and ERU was 16 and 25%, respectively, which equated to a 57% higher median yield variance reduction with ERU over SSURGO. This variance reduction technique showed the potential of ERU as an improved model better representing soil‐landscape properties that impact corn yield. This research also has application potential for determining the success of a DSM for identifying management zones in PA.

The variance reduction metric (Rv) provided a direct comparison between DSM models.
The greatest reduction in corn yield variance was exhibited by the ERU DSM model.
Physiographic derivatives from high‐precision data sets improved DSM functionality.
Yield data helped outline interrelationships among various soil properties.
Distillers By‐Product Cattle Diets Enhance Reduced Sulfur Gas Fluxes from Feedlot Soils and Manures
Authors: Miller Daniel N. , Spiehs Mindy J. , Varel Vincent H. , Woodbury Bryan L. , Wells James E. , Berry Elaine D. 
Published: April 2016

Total reduced sulfur (TRS) emissions from animal feeding operations are a concern with increased feeding of high‐sulfur distillers by‐products. Three feeding trials were conducted to evaluate feeding wet distillers grain plus solubles (WDGS) on TRS fluxes. Fresh manure was collected three times during Feeding Trial 1 from cattle fed 0, 20, 40, and 60% WDGS. Fluxes of TRS from 40 and 60% WDGS manures were 3‐ to 13‐fold greater than the 0 and 20% WDGS manures during the first two periods. In the final period, TRS flux from 60% WDGS was 5‐ to 22‐fold greater than other WDGS manures. During Feeding Trial 2, 0 and 40% WDGS diets on four dates were compared in feedlot‐scale pens. On two dates, fluxes from mixed manure and soil near the feed bunk were 3.5‐fold greater from 40% WDGS pens. After removing animals, soil TRS flux decreased 82% over 19 d but remained 50% greater in 40% WDGS pens, principally from the wetter pen edges (1.9‐fold greater than the drier central mound). During two cycles of cattle production in Feeding Trial 3, TRS soil fluxes were 0.3‐ to 4‐fold greater over six dates for pens feeding WDGS compared with dry‐rolled corn diet and principally from wetter pen edges. Soil TRS flux correlated with %WDGS, total N, total P, manure pack temperature, and surface temperature. Consistent results among these three trials indicate that TRS fluxes increase by two‐ to fivefold when cattle were fed greater levels of WDGS, but specific manure management practices may help control TRS fluxes.Core Ideas
Distillers grains diets increase manure sulfur fluxes.
Manure sulfur fluxes are greater than soil sulfur fluxes.
Soil fluxes are greater from wet, manure‐impacted sites.
Temporary Stabilization with External Fixator in ‘Tripolar’ Configuration in Two Steps Treatment of Tibial Pilon Fractures
Authors: Daghino Walter , Messina Marco , Filipponi Marco , Alessandro Massè 
Published: April 2016

Background:The tibial pilon fractures represent a complex therapeutic problem for the orthopedic surgeon, given the frequent complications and outcomes disabling. The recent medical literature indicates that the best strategy to reduce amount of complications in tibial pilon fractures is two-stages procedure. We describe our experience in the primary stabilization of these fractures.Methods:We treated 36 cases with temporary external fixation in a simple configuration, called "tripolar": this is an essential structure (only three screws and three rods), that is possible to perform even without the availability of X-rays and with simple anesthesia or sedation.Results:We found a sufficient mechanical stability for the nursing post-operative, in absence of intraoperative and postoperative problems. The time between trauma and temporary stabilization ranged between 3 and 144 hours; surgical average time was 8.4 minutes. Definitive treatment was carried out with a delay of a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 15 days from the temporary stabilization, always without problems, both in case of ORIF (open reduction, internal fixation) or circular external fixationConclusion:Temporary stabilization with external fixator in ‘tripolar’ configuration seems to be the most effective strategy in two steps treatment of tibial pilon fractures. These preliminary encouraging results must be confirmed by further studies with more cases.
Depression and CD4 Cell Count Among Patients With HIV in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Olisah Victor Obiajulu , Adekeye Oluwatosin , Sheikh Taiwo Lateef 
Published: April 2016

Objective Depression is common in people living with HIV/AIDS and there is some evidence that depressive symptoms may have adverse effects on immune functioning. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of current depressive disorder in patients with HIV/AIDS and its association with CD4 cell count. Methods A consecutive sample of 310 patients with HIV/AIDS attending Out-patient clinic in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (A.B.U.T.H.), Zaria, Nigeria was assessed. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to screen for depressive symptoms, and the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) was used to confirm the diagnosis of current depressive disorder. The CD4 cell counts of participants with depressive disorder were compared with those of participants without depressive disorder. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify socio-demographic and disease-related factors associated with depression. Results Among the 310 HIV-infected participants assessed for depression, 14.2% had current depressive disorder. Adjusting for age, gender, education, occupation, and marital status, patients with CD4 counts < 150 cells/μl were more likely to be depressed. Conclusion Depression is common among HIV-infected persons in Nigeria and is associated with low CD4 cell counts. The screening and treatment of mental health problems such as depression should be considered an integral component of HIV care and support.
Religious Involvement, Suicidal Ideation and Behavior in Mainland China
Authors: Wang Zhizhong , Koenig Harold G. , Ma Wanrui , Liu Lan 
Published: April 2016

Objective: Little is known about relations between religious involvement and suicidal behaviors in mainland China. This study aims to examine the association between religious involvement and suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts within a general community population controlling for socio-demographic, physical, and mental health factors. Method: Data were examined from a population-based sample of 2,769 community-dwelling adults in the province of Ningxia China, where nearly 40% are Muslim, 11% other religious affiliations, and 49% no religion. Four separate logistic regression models examined correlations between religious involvement and self-reported suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts. Analyses were also stratified by Muslim affiliation ( n = 1103) and no religion ( n = 1,366). Results: Bivariate analyses in the overall sample demonstrated that higher personal religiosity scores (χ2 = 6.8, p < 0.01) and total religiosity scores (χ2 = 5.1, p < 0.05) were positively correlated with developing a suicidal plan, which disappeared after controlling for demographic characteristics. Otherwise, no significant correlations were found between any religious characteristic and suicidal ideation, plan, or attempt in either Muslims or those with no religion. Conclusions: In contrast to most previous studies, religious involvement plays less of a role in suicidal behaviors in at least one province of mainland China.
HLA-DQ Mismatches and Rejection in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Lim Wai H. , Chapman Jeremy R. , Coates Patrick T. , Lewis Joshua R. , Russ Graeme R. , Watson Narelle , Holdsworth Rhonda , Wong Germaine 
Published: April 2016

Background and objectives
The current allocation algorithm for deceased donor kidney transplantation takes into consideration HLA mismatches at the ABDR loci but not HLA mismatches at other loci, including HLA-DQ. However, the independent effects of incompatibilities for the closely linked HLA-DQ antigens in the context of HLA-DR antigen matched and mismatched allografts are uncertain. We aimed to determine the effect of HLA-DQ mismatches on renal allograft outcomes.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Using data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, we examined the association between HLA-DQ mismatches and acute rejections in primary live and deceased donor kidney transplant recipients between 2004 and 2012 using adjusted Cox regression models.

Results
Of the 788 recipients followed for a median of 2.8 years (resulting in 2891 person-years), 321 (40.7%) and 467 (59.3%) received zero and one or two HLA-DQ mismatched kidneys, respectively. Compared with recipients who have received zero HLA-DQ mismatched kidneys, those who have received one or two HLA-DQ mismatched kidneys experienced greater numbers of any rejection (50 of 321 versus 117 of 467; P<0.01), late rejections (occurring >6 months post-transplant; 8 of 321 versus 27 of 467; P=0.03), and antibody-mediated rejections (AMRs; 12 of 321 versus 38 of 467; P=0.01). Compared with recipients of zero HLA-DQ mismatched kidneys, the adjusted hazard ratios for any and late rejections in recipients who had received one or two HLA-DQ mismatched kidneys were 1.54 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.08 to 2.19) and 2.85 (95% CI, 1.05 to 7.75), respectively. HLA-DR was an effect modifier between HLA-DQ mismatches and AMR (P value for interaction =0.02), such that the association between HLA-DQ mismatches and AMR was statistically significant in those who have received one or two HLA-DR mismatched kidneys, with adjusted hazard ratio of 2.50 (95% CI, 1.05 to 5.94).

Conclusions
HLA-DQ mismatches are associated with acute rejection, independent of HLA-ABDR mismatches and initial immunosuppression. Clinicians should be aware of the potential importance of HLA-DQ matching in the assessment of immunologic risk in kidney transplant recipients.
The Impact of Estimate Source and Social Pressure on Auditors' Fair Value Estimate Choices
Authors: Brink Alisa G. , Tang Fengchun , Yang Ling 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper reports the results of an experiment examining whether estimate source (developed by an external consultant or the audit client) interacts with social pressure (obedience pressure from a superior or conformity pressure from a peer) to influence Chinese auditors' judgments of fair value estimates. The results reveal an interaction between the source of the estimate and the type of social pressure. Specifically, Chinese auditors' risk assessments and judgments regarding whether an auditor will investigate further are not influenced by relevant information about a fair value estimate's source when advised to use a questionable estimate by a superior. However, when the same advice is received from a peer, the likelihood of further investigation and auditors' risk assessments are impacted by the estimate's source.
Balance and Gait Represent Independent Domains of Mobility in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Horak Fay B. , Mancini Martina , Carlson-Kuhta Patricia , Nutt John G. , Salarian Arash 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe Instrumented Stand and Walk (ISAW) test, which includes 30 seconds of stance, step initiation, gait, and turning, results in many objective balance and gait metrics from body-worn inertial sensors. However, it is not clear which metrics provide independent information about mobility.ObjectiveIt was hypothesized that balance and gait represent several independent domains of mobility and that not all domains would be abnormal in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) or would change with levodopa therapy.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.MethodsA factor analysis approach was used to identify independent measures of mobility extracted from the ISAW in 100 participants with PD and 21 control participants. First, a covariance analysis showed that postural sway measures were independent of gait measures. Then, the factor analysis revealed 6 independent factors (mobility domains: sway area, sway frequency, arm swing asymmetry, trunk motion during gait, gait speed, and cadence) that accounted for 87% of the variance of performance across participants.ResultsSway area, gait speed, and trunk motion differed between the PD group in the off-levodopa state and the control group, but sway frequency (but not sway area) differed between the PD group in the off-levodopa state and the control group. Four of the 6 factors changed significantly with levodopa (off to on): sway area, sway frequency, trunk motion during gait, and cadence. When participants were on levodopa, the sway area increased compared with off levodopa, becoming more abnormal, whereas the other 3 significant metrics moved toward, but did not reach, the healthy control values.LimitationsExploratory factor analysis was limited to the PD population.ConclusionsThe different sensitivity various balance and gait domains to PD and to levodopa also support neural control of at least 6 independent mobility domains, each of which warrants clinical assessment for impairments in mobility.
Meta-analysis and systematic review of risk factors for shunt dependency after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Wilson Christopher D. , Safavi-Abbasi Sam , Sun Hai , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Zhao Yan D. , Levitt Michael R. , Hanel Ricardo A. , Sauvageau Eric , Mapstone Timothy B. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , McDougall Cameron G. , Nakaji Peter , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may be complicated by hydrocephalus in 6.5%–67% of cases. Some patients with aSAH develop shunt dependency, which is often managed by ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. The objectives of this study were to review published risk factors for shunt dependency in patients with aSAH, determine the level of evidence for each factor, and calculate the magnitude of each risk factor to better guide patient management.

METHODS
The authors searched PubMed and MEDLINE databases for Level A and Level B articles published through December 31, 2014, that describe factors affecting shunt dependency after aSAH and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, stratifying the existing data according to level of evidence.

RESULTS
On the basis of the results of the meta-analysis, risk factors for shunt dependency included high Fisher grade (OR 7.74, 95% CI 4.47–13.41), acute hydrocephalus (OR 5.67, 95% CI 3.96–8.12), in-hospital complications (OR 4.91, 95% CI 2.79–8.64), presence of intraventricular blood (OR 3.93, 95% CI 2.80–5.52), high Hunt and Hess Scale score (OR 3.25, 95% CI 2.51–4.21), rehemorrhage (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.24–3.95), posterior circulation location of the aneurysm (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.35–2.53), and age ≥ 60 years (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.50–2.19). The only risk factor included in the meta-analysis that did not reach statistical significance was female sex (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.77–1.65).

CONCLUSIONS
The authors identified several risk factors for shunt dependency in aSAH patients that help predict which patients are likely to require a permanent shunt. Although some of these risk factors are not independent of each other, this information assists clinicians in identifying at-risk patients and managing their treatment.
The effect of vancomycin powder on bone healing in a rat spinal rhBMP-2 model
Authors: Mendoza Marco C. , Sonn Kevin A. , Kannan Abhishek S. , Bellary Sharath S. , Mitchell Sean M. , Singh Gurmit , Park Christian , Yun Chawon , Stock Stuart R. , Hsu Erin L. , Hsu Wellington K. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to quantify the impact of vancomycin powder application on new bone formation and spine fusion rates in a rat posterolateral arthrodesis model.

METHODS
Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion (PLF) at the L-4 and L-5 vertebrae. Fusion was elicited via implantation of an absorbable collagen sponge containing 3 µg rhBMP-2. Rats were divided into 3 groups: no vancomycin (control), standard-dose vancomycin, and high-dose vancomycin, based on what was applied to the fusion bed. Clinical studies typically describe the application of 1 g vancomycin into the surgical wound. Presuming an average individual patient weight of 70 kg, a weight-based equivalent dose of vancomycin powder was applied subfascially in the PLF model constituting a “standard-dose” treatment group (14.3 mg/kg, n = 12). To determine whether there is a critical threshold beyond which vancomycin increases the risk of pseudarthrosis, a 10-fold higher dose was administered to a “high-dose” treatment group (143 mg/kg, n = 12). No vancomycin powder was applied to the surgical site in the control group (n = 12). Fusion was evaluated with plain radiographs at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. The spines were harvested after the 8-week radiographs were obtained and evaluated using manual palpation, microCT analysis, and histological analysis.

RESULTS
Radiographs demonstrated equivalent bridging bone formation in all groups. No significant differences in fusion scores were seen in the standard-dose (mean 2.25) or high-dose (2.13) treatment groups relative to untreated control animals (1.78). Similarly, fusion rates did not differ significantly different between vancomycin-treated animals (100% for both groups) and control animals (92%). Quantification of new bone formation via microCT imaging revealed no significant between-groups differences in the volume of newly regenerated bone (control vs standard-dose vancomycin, p = 0.57; control vs high-dose vancomycin, p = 0.53).

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first in vivo study to specifically address the development of pseudarthrosis after intrawound application of vancomycin during fusion surgery. Our results demonstrate that vancomycin powder does not inhibit fusion rates at a dose that is the weight-percentage equivalent of what is routinely used by surgeons. Moreover, bone formation and fusion rates were not reduced even after administration of a vancomycin dose that is 10-fold higher than that which is typically administered clinically. Our findings suggest that if there is a critical threshold above which vancomycin inhibits bone healing, such a dose is out of the range which might be considered reasonable for clinical use.
Is jugular bulb stenosis in vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation associated with bony remodeling of the jugular foramina?
Authors: Saliou Guillaume , Dirks Peter , Slater Lee-Anne , Krings Timo 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
The etiology of jugular bulb stenosis (JBS) or occlusion in the context of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) is unknown. It can lead to decompensation of a lesion that was previously clinically stable. The aim of this study was to describe the natural history of JBS or occlusion in VGAM and to determine whether there is an association with bony remodeling of the jugular foramina.

METHODS
The authors identified all cases of JBS greater than 70% bilaterally involving patients seen at The Hospital for Sick Children between January 2007 and June 2014. The foramen diameters were measured on sagittal CT imaging, on a slice passing at the level of the jugular vein. The jugular foramen diameters were also compared to measurements obtained in a matched population of the same age group who had no VGAM and had undergone cerebral CT for a reason other than vascular disease.

RESULTS
Eight patients (6 male and 2 female) with bilateral JBS were included in this series. The median duration of clinical follow-up was 2.5 years (IQR 1.7–4.2 years). JBS was associated with bony narrowing the jugular foramina in 7 of the 8 patients over time. Between 1 and 2 years of age, patients with a VGAM demonstrated jugular foramen narrowing in comparison with a matched population (p = 0.015).

CONCLUSIONS
Jugular bulb stenosis or occlusion in VGAM may be associated with narrowing of the jugular foramina. These conditions seem to have a male predominance. If treatment is required, bony narrowing of the jugular foramina should be taken into account when deciding whether angioplasty and stent placement or surgical bypass might be appropriate therapeutic options.