bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and Competition Additive Effects in Tree Breeding: Bayesian Estimation From an Individual Tree Mixed Model
Authors: Cappa E. P. , Cantet R. J. C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn individual tree model with additive direct and competition effects is introduced to account for competitive effects in forest genetics evaluation. The mixed linear model includes fixed effects as well as direct and competition breeding values plus permanent environmental effects. Competition effects, either additive or environmental, are identified in the phenotype of a competitor tree by means of ‘intensity of competition’ elements (IC), which are non-zero elements of the incidence matrix of the additive competition effects. The ICs are inverse function of the distance and the number of competing individuals, either row-column wise or diagonally. The ICs allow standardization of the variance of competition effects in the phenotypic variance of any individual tree, so that the model accounts for unequal number of neighbors. Expressions are obtained for the bias in estimating additive variance using the covariance between half-sibs, when ignoring competition effects for row-plot designs and for single-tree plot designs. A data set of loblolly pines on growth at breast height is used to estimate the additive variances of direct and competition effects, the covariance between both effects, and the variance of permanent environmental effects using a Bayesian method via Gibbs sampling and Restricted Maximum Likelihood procedures (REML) via the Expectation- Maximization (EM) algorithm. No problem of convergence was detected with the model and ICs used when compared to what has been reported in the animal breeding literature for such models. Posterior means (standard error) of the estimated parameters were σ̂2Ad= 12.553 (1.447), σ̂2Ac= 1.259 (0.259), σ̂AdAc= -3.126 (0.492), σ̂2p = 1.186 (0.289), and σ̂2e= 5.819 (1.07). Leaving permanent environmental competition effects out of the model may bias the predictions of direct breeding values. Results suggest that selection for increasing direct growth while keeping a low level of competition is feasible.
Crossing Success in Abies nordmanniana Following Artificial Pollination With a Pollen Mixture of A. nordmanniana and A. alba
Authors: Hansen O. K. , Nielsen U. B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractControlled crossings were conducted with three Abies nordmanniana genotypes acting as mothers and a pollen mixture of three Abies nordmanniana genotypes and one Abies alba genotype acting as potential fathers. The aim was to investigate hybridization success under circumstances where pollen from both species are present, which is a potential risk in Danish clonal seed orchards of Abies nordmanniana. The number of seeds sired by each father was determined through SSRs and compared to the expected numbers based on the pollen mixture composition. All three mother genotypes of Abies nordmanniana had more progenies with the Abies alba as father (hybrids) than expected, based on proportions in the pollen mix. This indicates that no reproductive barriers between the two species exist, and that seed orchard managers should take precautions to avoid hybrids in seed crops. Furthermore, the experiments revealed quite different siring success of the three Abies nordmanniana genotypes, depending on which clone was the mother. Abies nordmanniana seed orchards should therefore not be established in the vicinity of Abies alba in the flowering age, and if a few-clone set up is chosen, the mating interaction should be investigated beforehand through pollen mix experiments.
Genetic Variation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Endemic and Endangered Conifer Cupressus gigantea, Detected Using RAPD and ISSR Markers
Authors: Xia T. , Meng L. , Mao K. , Tian B. , Miehe G. , Liu J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAssessing the level and distribution of genetic diversity of rare tree species is essential for their management and the development of effective conservation strategies. Cupressus gigantea is a long-lived endemic cypress of the west Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the tallest tree in its genus. The current populations of this species are fragmented and highly disturbed. We used RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat amplification) markers to assess the genetic variation and population structure of this endangered cypress. The 15 RAPD primers used in this study amplified 108 reproducible bands, 49 (45.4%) of which were polymorphic, while the 12 ISSR primers amplified 94 bands, 65 (69.2%) of which were polymorphic. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) indicated that 49.7% and 38.3% of the variation was attributable to differences between populations for the RAPD and ISSR markers, respectively; relatively high compared to values reported for other conifer species. These estimates were also similar to Gst values obtained from Nei’s gene diversity analyses (RAPD = 0.41 and ISSR = 0.36), and suggest that there is a high degree of population differentiation in this narrowly-distributed conifer. The genetic structure of this species has probably been shaped by its long life cycle and climatic changes during the Quaternary. The high degree of population differentiation in this species highlights the need for additional conservation measures, including measures to protect of all of the remaining populations. The substantial similarities between the results of the RAPD and ISSR analyses of samples from the same individuals indicate that they can be interpreted with high levels of confidence.
Pollen Dispersal and Its Spatial Distribution in a Seed Orchard of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr.
Authors: Zhuowen Zhang , Juanjuan Sui , Li Mei , Changqing Shu 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Pollen dispersal and its spatial distribution in a seed orchard of Larix kaempferi in Changlinggang, Jianshi, Hubei Province has been studied for 3 years. The results show that pollen dispersal is directly affected by weather conditions, with wind speed being the main factor controlling pollen dispersal. Pollen dispersal follows a date rhythm of low-high-low during the whole pollen dispersal season with a peak date for 3-5 days, and a time rhythm of low-high-low with the peak time at 10:00-16:00 during the day. For pollen density in the air there are significant differences among dates, and among different day times during dispersing. There are no significant differences between pollen densities in space with regard to horizontal directions, 8 orientations, and different positions in the tree crown in this seed orchard, in all of these cases pollens are evenly distributed. There are significant differences for pollen densities among different vertical heights, showing a cluster distribution type. The pollination level in this seed orchard is very low and needs a supplement mass pollination (SMP).
Height–Diameter Relationships for Jack Pine Seedlots of Different Genetic Improvement Levels
Authors: Weng Y. H. , Kershaw J. , Tosh K. , Adams G. , Fullarton M. S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDifferences in height-diameter (H-DBH) relationship were investigated using the Chapman-Richards function among jack pine seedlots planted in a realized genetic gain test in New Brunswick. Three seedlots representing the bulk mixed cone collection from the 1979 J.D. Irving’s first-generation seedling seed orchard (JDISSO) before rogueing (UNR), after the first time genetic rogueing (1STR) and after the second time genetic rogueing (2NDR), respectively, were planted in the test. Unimproved commercial seedlots (UC) were also included for comparison. Results indicate that an overall H-DBH relationship for all the seedlots was not appropriate. Seedlot pairwise comparisons in H-DBH relationships showed that, whereas most seedlot pairs were significantly different from each other, there was no significant difference between the UNR and UC and between the 1STR and 2NDR. Two models were developed with one targeting the UNR and UC (UNIMPROVED) and the other targeting the 1STR and 2NDR (IMPROVED). The difference between the UNIMPROVED and IMPROVED models was caused only by asymptote of the Chapman-Richards function. Applying the UNIMPROVED or IMPROVED model to predict height of the 1STR and 2NDR or the UNR and UC would result in an under-estimated or an over-estimated bias by 2 to 3% in height. In light of this study, seedlot differences in H-DBH relationships should be integrated into growth and yield models by a multiplier for height depending on genetic improvement levels.
Low Chloroplast DNA Diversity in Red Dogwood (Cornus sanguinea L.)
Authors: Liesebach H. , Götz B. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The red dogwood Cornus sanguinea L. is a deciduous shrub of the temperate and Mediterranean zones. It is often used in landscape gardening for miscellaneous purposes. Chloroplast DNA markers, the so-called cpDNA haplotypes, are a very potential marker type to characterise the large scale variation pattern within the natural range of a species. In this study, a total of 86 populations and 673 individuals were sampled all over Europe. Eight different haplotypes were recognised by combinations of several PCR-RFLP patterns. They are divided into 3 groups of related types. There is no association between these 3 groups and their geographic occurrence within the tested material. One haplotype strongly dominates in the whole distribution area. It takes nearly 90 percent whereas the remaining seven haplotypes together reach to approximately 10 percent. Besides the low number of haplotypes, the total genetic variation HT = 0.15 is much lower in Cornus sanguinea compared to other European tree and shrub species. Despite the low level of variation, several cases of introduced populations could be detected. Other haplotypes than the common type are found only in narrow areas. This result indicates that after the colonisation of the European continent only a very restricted gene flow could have taken place.
Genotype by Environment Interaction in Pinus sylvestris L. in Southern Sweden
Authors: Hannrup B. , Jansson G. , Danell Ö. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo estimate the amount of genotype by environment interaction (G x E) data was obtained within the Swedish breeding program of Pinus sylvestris L. The calculations were based on estimates of G x E expressed by the genetic correlations across trials. In total, 66 progeny trials were included coming from 17 different test series. The number of parents tested per progeny trial was in average 52. Some parents were tested in several series and in total 812 parents were represented in the study. The results of our study showed that the amount of G x E for growth traits in Pinus sylvestris in southern Sweden was low. The median genetic correlation across trials for height, height increment and diameter were in the range 0.75-0.80 and the pattern of interaction was largely unpredictable from site differences in site index, latitude, longitude and altitude.
Microsatellites Reveal Clonal Growth and Genetically Distinct Groups in Cryptocarya chinensis in Fragmented Lower Subtropical Forest, China
Authors: Wang Zheng-Feng , Ye Wan-Hui , Fu Sheng-Lei , Ren Hai , Peng Shao-Lin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe lower subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest in South China (about 22° ~ 24° N) has a high conservation status, because of its uniqueness and high biodiversity. During the last few decades, most of these forests have been destroyed, and the remaining are being degraded by fragmentation. However, genetic information concerning the effects of fragmentation is currently lacking for plant species in these forests. In this study, therefore, eight microsatellites were used to study six Cryptocaya chinensis fragmented populations in Guangdong Province South China, and the results revealed a complex pattern of genetic variation within and among C. chinensis populations. Firstly, genetic variations demonstrate hitherto undetected clonal growth in C. chinensis. Secondly, current population structure of C. chinensis reflects an interaction between ancient homogeneous level of genetic variation and contemporary bottleneck via fragmentation. Small populations maintain substantial genetic variation of the initial populations through clonal growth, and do not show genetic depauperation compared to larger populations. Finally, two genetically distinct groups (West and Middle- East groups) are found in this area, connected by highly mixed contact zone.
Genetic Differentiation of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) and Red Pine (P. resinosa) Populations From Metal Contaminated Areas in Northern Ontario (Canada) Using ISSR Markers
Authors: Ranger M. , Nkongolo K. K. , Michael P. , Beckett P. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Metal accumulation in soil and plant tissues has caused severe ecological damage in forest ecosystems in the Sudbury region. The main objective of the present study was to determine the levels of genetic diversity in jack and red pine populations growing in metal contaminated and uncontaminated areas. Newly introduced populations were compared to 40 to 60 old populations. For jack pine, the percentage of polymorphic loci (P %) ranged from 14.6% to 45.8% with a mean of 31.6%. Nei’s gene diversity (h) varied from 0.046 to 0.169 with an average of 0.100, and Shannon’s index (I) ranged from 0.070 to 0.250 with an average of 0.153. The level of genetic variation was much lower in the red pine populations. For this species, the level of polymorphic loci varied from 4.55% to 27.27%. The mean for Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s information index, were 0.034 and 0.053, respectively. The highest genetic diversity values were observed in new plantations being developed by the Sudbury reforestation program. Overall, the genetic distance among the Pinus banksiana populations revealed that all the populations analyzed were genetically close to each other. There was no association between metal accumulation and genetic diversity for both species.
Genetic Variation in Early Growth Characteristics of Two Populations of Wild Service Tree (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) and Their Interrelationship
Authors: Espahbodi K. , Mirzaie-Nodoushan H. , Tabari M. , Akbarinia M. , Dehghan-Shuraki Y. , Jalali S. G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study was performed in order to compare two wild service tree populations (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) for their early growth and to find useful vegetative characteristics to be used in indirect selection of fast and tall growing trees of the species in the field. We used phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients estimated on data from 30 three-year old seedlings of each 40 randomly selected adult trees. Assuming genetic differences between the trees sampled, path analysis was performed on genotypic and phenotypic levels. Results showed that plus trees of one of the sites may be used for clonal seed orchard establishment. But the other site is suggested as a better site for breeding purposes with more effective Sorbus population. Collar diameter had the strongest positive direct effect and strongest correlation with plant height at the phenotypic level. In contrast, lateral branches showed very weak direct effect but relatively strong total indirect effect on plant height. Path analysis on the genotypic correlation coefficients detected negative indirect effect between the characters. Collar diameter could be regarded as a good predictor of plant height because of its strong direct and indirect phenotypic and genotypic correlations. The use of recommended selection criteria is discussed.
Solitaire stent in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with large cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Liang Wenbao , Ou Zhijie , Luo Rui 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of mechanical thrombectomy with solitaire stent in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with large cerebral artery occlusion.MethodsFifteen acute ischemic stroke patients with a proximal intracranial occlusion in the anterior circulation were included within 6 hours after symptom onset (unknown time of onset allowed in wake upstroke). Patients with a large infarct core or poor collateral circulation on computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography were excluded. All patients were measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) before and 24 hours after the procedure. The primary outcomes were reperfusion at 24 hours and a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score of 2b or 3 indicates successful reperfusion. Secondary outcomes included the functional score on the Modified Rankin Scale(MRS) and NIHSS score at 90 days. Good Functional Outcome (GFO), is defined as mRS0–2 at 90 days.ResultsThe preoperative TICI grading of these 15 patients were all level 0.14 patients were level 2b to level 3 after the thrombectomy, 1 ipsilateral cervical carotid occlusion patient failed recanalization.14 patients with reperfusion at 24 hours showed good early neurologic improvement. The MRS score of all the 14 patients were<2 point at 90 days. There were no obvious adverse reactions and complications in these patients after mechanical thrombectomy.ConclusionThe application of mechanical thrombectomy with solitaire stent for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with large cerebral artery occlusion is safe and time-efficient, which could improve the recanalization rate, decrease or even eliminate the application of thrombolytic drugs and reduce the rate of intracranial hemorrhage. Awake stroke patient can also benefit from thrombectomy.
A Single Dose of Oral ATP Supplementation Improves Performance and Physiological Response During Lower Body Resistance Exercise in Recreational Resistance-Trained Males
Authors: Freitas Marcelo C. , Cholewa Jason M. , Gerosa-Neto Jose , Gonçalves Daniela C. , Caperuto Erico C. , Lira Fábio S. , Rossi Fabrício E. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Freitas, MC, Cholewa, JM, Gerosa-Neto, J, Gonçalves, DC, Caperuto, EC, Lira, FS, and Rossi, FE. A single dose of oral ATP supplementation improves performance and physiological response during lower body resistance exercise in recreational resistance-trained males. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3345–3352, 2019—The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) supplementation on performance and physiological responses during resistance exercise in recreationally resistance-trained males. Eleven men (age = 27.5 ± 5.5 years, mass = 83.4 ± 9.8 kg, height = 182 ± 0.04 cm) completed 2 randomized, double-blind trials: ATP supplement condition (ATP = 400 mg) or a placebo condition. Thirty minutes after supplement consumption, subjects performed 4 sets of half-squats until momentary muscular failure at 80% of the 1 repetition maximum with 2 minutes of recovery between sets. The total number of repetitions, blood pressure, heart rate, blood lactate, and oxygen consumption were evaluated. The total weight lifted were higher for the ATP condition compared with placebo (Placebo = 3,995.7 ± 1,137.8, ATP = 4,967.4 ± 1,497.9 kg; p = 0.005). Heart rate was higher at set-4 for ATP compared with placebo (p < 0.001) and oxygen consumption during exercise was greater for ATP (p = 0.021). There were no differences between conditions for lactate and blood pressure. In summary, a single oral dose of ATP supplementation improved lower-body resistance training performance and energy expenditure in recreational resistance-trained males.
Understanding the Relationship Between Coach and Athlete Perceptions of Training Intensity in Youth Sport
Authors: Scantlebury Sean , Till Kevin , Sawczuk Tom , Weakley Jonathon , Jones Ben 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Scantlebury, S, Till, K, Sawczuk, T, Weakley, J, and Jones, B. Understanding the relationship between coach and athlete perceptions of training intensity in youth sport. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3239–3245, 2018—To alleviate issues arising from the over-/under-prescription of training load, coaches must ensure that desired athlete responses to training are being achieved. The present study aimed to assess the level of agreement between the coach-intended (presession) and observed (postsession) rating of perceived exertion (RPE), with athlete RPE during different training intensities (easy, moderate, hard). Coach-intended RPE was taken before all field-based training sessions over an 8-week in-season period. After training, all coaches and athletes, who were participants in hockey, netball, rugby, and soccer were asked to provide an RPE measure for the completed session. Sessions were then classified based on the coach’s intended RPE, with a total of 28, 125, and 66 easy, moderate, and hard training sessions collected, respectively. A univariate analysis of variance was used to calculate within-participant correlations between coach-intended/-observed RPE and athlete RPE. Moderate correlations were found between coach-intended and athlete RPE for sessions intended to be moderate and hard whilst a small correlation was found for sessions intended to be easy. The level of agreement between coach and athlete RPE improved following training with coaches altering their RPE to align with those of the athlete. Despite this, moderate and small differences between coach-observed and athlete RPE persisted for sessions intended to be easy and moderate, respectively. Coaches should, therefore, incorporate strategies to monitor training load to increase the accuracy of training periodization and reduce potential over-/under-prescription of training.
αII Spectrin Forms a Periodic Cytoskeleton at the Axon Initial Segment and Is Required for Nervous System Function
Authors: Huang Claire Yu-Mei , Zhang Chuansheng , Ho Tammy Szu-Yu , Oses-Prieto Juan , Burlingame Alma L. , Lalonde Joshua , Noebels Jeffrey L. , Leterrier Christophe , Rasband Matthew N. 
Published: October 2017

Spectrins form a submembranous cytoskeleton proposed to confer strength and flexibility to neurons and to participate in ion channel clustering at axon initial segments (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier. Neuronal spectrin cytoskeletons consist of diverse β subunits and αII spectrin. Although αII spectrin is found in neurons in both axonal and somatodendritic domains, using proteomics, biochemistry, and superresolution microscopy, we show that αII and βIV spectrin interact and form a periodic AIS cytoskeleton. To determine the role of spectrins in the nervous system, we generatedSptan1f/fmice for deletion of CNS αII spectrin. We analyzed αII spectrin-deficient mice of both sexes and found that loss of αII spectrin causes profound reductions in all β spectrins. αII spectrin-deficient mice die before 1 month of age and have disrupted AIS and many other neurological impairments including seizures, disrupted cortical lamination, and widespread neurodegeneration. These results demonstrate the importance of the spectrin cytoskeleton both at the AIS and throughout the nervous system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpectrin cytoskeletons play diverse roles in neurons, including assembly of excitable domains such as the axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier. However, the molecular composition and structure of these cytoskeletons remain poorly understood. Here, we show that αII spectrin partners with βIV spectrin to form a periodic cytoskeleton at the AIS. Using a new αII spectrin conditional knock-out mouse, we show that αII spectrin is required for AIS assembly, neuronal excitability, cortical lamination, and to protect against neurodegeneration. These results demonstrate the broad importance of spectrin cytoskeletons for nervous system function and development and have important implications for nervous system injuries and diseases because disruption of the spectrin cytoskeleton is a common molecular pathology.