bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of Physical Activity Measures During Free-Living Activities in People After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Almeida Gustavo J. , Irrgang James J. , Fitzgerald G. Kelley , Jakicic John M. , Piva Sara R. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundFew instruments that measure physical activity (PA) can accurately quantify PA performed at light and moderate intensities, which is particularly relevant in older adults. The evidence of their reliability in free-living conditions is limited.ObjectiveThe study objectives were: (1) to determine the test-retest reliability of the Actigraph (ACT), SenseWear Armband (SWA), and Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire in assessing free-living PA at light and moderate intensities in people after total knee arthroplasty; (2) to compare the reliability of the 3 instruments relative to each other; and (3) to determine the reliability of commonly used monitoring time frames (24 hours, waking hours, and 10 hours from awakening).DesignA one-group, repeated-measures design was used.MethodsParticipants wore the activity monitors for 2 weeks, and the CHAMPS questionnaire was completed at the end of each week. Test-retest reliability was determined by using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [2,k]) to compare PA measures from one week with those from the other week.ResultsData from 28 participants who reported similar PA during the 2 weeks were included in the analysis. The mean age of these participants was 69 years (SD=8), and 75% of them were women. Reliability ranged from moderate to excellent for the ACT (ICC=.75–.86) and was excellent for the SWA (ICC=.93–.95) and the CHAMPS questionnaire (ICC=.86–.92). The 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the ICCs from the SWA were the only ones within the excellent reliability range (.85–.98). The CHAMPS questionnaire showed systematic bias, with less PA being reported in week 2. The reliability of PA measures in the waking-hour time frame was comparable to that in the 24-hour time frame and reflected most PA performed during this period.LimitationsReliability may be lower for time intervals longer than 1 week.ConclusionsAll PA measures showed good reliability. The reliability of the ACT was lower than those of the SWA and the CHAMPS questionnaire. The SWA provided more precise reliability estimates. Wearing PA monitors during waking hours provided sufficiently reliable measures and can reduce the burden on people wearing them.
EFFICACY OF INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE FOR DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Gautam Prachand , Shrestha Koshal , Lamichhane Gyanendra , Patel Sushila 
Published: January 2016

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic retionopathy is a microangilpathy. The present study was done to investigate results of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide injection for the treatment diffuse diabetic macular edema. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 40 eyes of 40 patients with clinically significant diffuse diabetic macular edema. Eyes were diagnosed with diabetic macular edema according to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study guidelines. An Intravitreal injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide at the dose of 4 mg/0.2 ml was administered. Best corrected visual acuity was measured as the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and snellen vision drum and size of macular edema (hard exudates) was obtained by slit lamp biomicroscopy using +90 D Volk lens at each visit. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and other complications related with steroid and injection related complications were also evaluated. Subsequently patients were followed up on 1st day, 2nd week and 3rd month. RESULTS: All patients were completed second follow up at 3 months. The mean size of macular edema, which obtained at 3 months postoperatively, was significantly different from the baseline measurement from 1.4125 to 0.9474 DD. Mean visual acuity improved significantly from baseline at 3 months of follow up was 0.7421 LogMAR (≈ 6/30 in Snellen chart). Eleven eyes developed intraocular pressure higher than 21 mmHg at 2nd week postoperatively. Other drug and injection related complications were not developed. Increased IOP were controlled with anti glaucoma drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal Triamcinolone was a promising therapeutic method for diabetic macular edema. TriamcinoloneAcetonide effectively reduces size of macular edema and improves visual acuity in the short term.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol.03 No.02 Issue 10 Page: 30-34
CAREGIVER'S STRESS OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: Darlami Kamala , Ponnose Reshmi , Jose Pradap 
Published: January 2016

INTRODUCTION: Psychiatric disorders are as old as human life. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders and their undesired personal, familial and social effects have increased simultaneously with population growth and urbanity. Limited psychiatric health care services coupled with increased psychiatric disorders led their families to play a critical role in taking care of the patients and they have to be considered as a main source of patients' caregivers. Long term care to psychiatric patients' increases caregivers' burden and decreases their mental health status. This may result in increasing psychiatric stress of caregivers and decreased patient care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive research design was adopted to assess the caregiver's stress of psychiatric patients and coping mechanisms in this study. Fifty care givers of the psychiatric patients were selected through purposive sampling technique from inpatient and outpatient units of Universal College of Medical Sciences, Teaching Hospital. Modified and combined version of General Health Questionnaire-12 and Kingston caregiver scale, Cope scale and demographic performa were used to interview the samples. Collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Sociodemographic data was analyzed using frequency and percentage. Level of stress and coping was analyzed by computing frequency, percentage, mean, median, and standard deviation. The association between the caregiver's stress with sociodemographic variables was computed using chi-square test. RESULT: Result related to stress level of respondents revealed that majority of the respondents (86%) were at moderate stress, followed by 14% with severe stress. Study findings showed that caregivers were stressed with care giving, family and financial issues. In relation to coping strategies, 68% of respondent used active coping measures whereas 32% adopted passive coping methods. Majority of the respondents used social support, positive reinterpretation and religious coping strategies to overcome the stress. Caregiver's stress compared with sociodemographic variables showed a significant association between religion, ethnicity, education, marital status, onset of illness, type of illness, type of patient and relation with patient. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that all of the respondents were under stress and most of them used active coping measures to manage their stress. The study has important implications for service delivery and clinical practice. Health care personnel should be observant of psychological problems of caregivers and if subjective complaints or functional impairment are present, evaluation and therapeutic interventions should be suggested. Information regarding support and practical assistance should also be offered to families of psychiatric patients.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol.03 No.02 Issue 10 Page: 39-43
Cryokarsts et chimie des neiges en zone polaire
Authors: Corbel Jean , Gallo Gilbert 
Published: January 2016

Ces notes publiées par l'équipe de recherches n° 29 du C. N. R. S. présentent :
1° les ressemblances entre les formes observées dans les karsts et les glaces ;
2° les problèmes de terminologie relatifs à des karsts non calcaires ;
3° la découverte de dépôts de gypse sur la neige ;
4° l'exploration et la description d'une cavité glaciaire au Spitsberg.
Microsatellite markers for Senna spectabilis var. excelsa (Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae)
Authors: López‐Roberts M. Cristina , Barbosa Ariane R. , Paganucci de Queiroz Luciano , van den Berg Cássio 
Published: January 2016

Premise of the study:Senna spectabilis var. excelsa (Fabaceae) is a South and Central American tree of great ecological importance and one of the most common species in several sites of seasonally dry forests. Our goal was to develop microsatellite markers to assess the genetic diversity and structure of this species.Methods and Results:We designed and assessed 53 loci obtained from a microsatellite‐enriched library and an intersimple sequence repeat library. Fourteen loci were polymorphic, and they presented a total of 39 alleles in a sample of 61 individuals from six populations. The mean values of observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.355 and 0.479, respectively. Polymorphism information content was 0.390 and the Shannon index was 0.778.Conclusions:Polymorphism information content and Shannon index indicate that at least nine of the 14 microsatellite loci developed are moderate to highly informative, and potentially useful for population genetic studies in this species.
Relaciones de la resiliencia con el autoconcepto y el Apoyo Social Percibido en una muestra de adolescentes
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Arantzazu , Ramos-Díaz Estibaliz , Ros Iker , Fernández-Zabala Arantza 
Published: January 2016

ResumenEl estudio científico de la resiliencia constituye en la actualidad una temática de gran interés en el ámbito de la psicología al aportar una renovada y positiva visión del desarrollo humano. Determinar los factores individuales y contextuales que influyen sobre la resiliencia durante la etapa evolutiva de la adolescencia resulta esencial para promover el ajuste de los adolescentes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue, en primer lugar, explorar las relaciones de la resiliencia con el autoconcepto y el apoyo social percibido; y, en segundo lugar, identificar variables predictoras de la resiliencia. La muestra estaba configurada por 1.250 adolescentes (M = 13.72, DT = 1.09). Se administraron los siguientes instrumentos de evaluación: la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor y Davidson (CD-RISC), el Cuestionario Autoconcepto Dimensional (AUDIM), el Cuestionario de Apoyo Social Percibido de Familia y Amigos (AFA) y la Escala de Apoyo del Profesorado (HBSC-2006). Se hallaron correlaciones positivas de la resiliencia con el autoconcepto y el apoyo social percibido, así como una variación significativa en las puntuaciones de ambas variables en función de la resiliencia. El autoconcepto y el apoyo social percibido fueron identificados como predictores de la resiliencia. AbstractThe scientific study of resilience is a subject of great interest in the field of psychology to providea new and positive view of human capacity. The identification of individual and contextual factors that influence the resilience during the developmental stage of adolescence, is necessary to promote the adjustment of adolescentes. The study had a double purpose: Firstly, to analyze the relations between resilience and variables such as self-concept and social support. Secondly, to identify variables that predict resilience. The sample is made up of 1250 adolescents (M = 13.72, SD = 1.09). Using a descriptive and correlational design, three assessment instruments were administered: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Multidimensional Self-Concept Questionnaire (AUDIM), the Perceived Social Support from Family and Friends Questionnaire (AFA) and the Teacher Social Suppport Scale (HBSC-2010). Positive correlations between self-concept and social support with resilience were founded. Test scores of self-concept and social support varied depending of the level of resilience. Self-concept and social support were predictor variables of resilience.
Influencia de la cultura organizacional de las unidades de enfermería en la intención de permanencia y las conductas de ciudadanía: un estudio multimuestra
Authors: Pérez-Larrazabal José , Aranda Carmena Mercedes , Topa Gabriela 
Published: January 2016

ResumenEn el presente estudio se propone clarificar la relación de la cultura organizacional, la intención de permanencia y las conductas de ciudadanía organizacional de los profesionales de enfermería que se han incorporado a sus Unidades en los últimos doce meses. Para ello se comparan las percepciones de la cultura organizacional de los novatos con las de sus compañeros veteranos. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo con dos muestras de profesionales de enfermería españoles. La primera muestra la conforman 376 profesionales veteranos y la segunda está constituida por 162 profesionales novatos recientemente incorporados a las mismas Unidades de enfermería. En la medición de la cultura de los grupos se calcula un índice de acuerdo intragupal en orden a distinguir entre grupos con cultura fuerte y con cultura débil. Se postula que el poder predictivo de la cultura sobre los resultados variará entre los grupos en función de que posean culturas fuertes o débiles y, para confirmarlo, y se aplica un análisis de regresión jerárquica. Los resultados se discuten en orden a la consideración de nuevas líneas de investigación. AbstractThis study attempts to clarify the relationship between organizational culture, intention to remain and organizational citizenship behaviors within newcomer professional nurses who have joined the Nursing Unit during the last six months. In order to do so, newcomers’ and veterans’ perceptions of organizational culture have been compared. The study has been conducted with two samples of Spanish professional nurses. The first includes 376 veterans and the second is constituted by 162 novice professionals recently incorporated to the same Nursing Units. Related to assessment of organizational culture, an index of intragroup agreement is calculated and it is used to distinguish between groups with strong shared culture, and groups with weak shared culture. It is hypothesized that the predictive power of culture on outcomes will vary depending on the group shared culture (strong vs. Weak). To test this hypothesis, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed. Discussion of results is followed by a consideration of new lines of research suggested by the findings
Gamification and Multimedia for Medical Education: A Landscape Review
Authors: McCoy Lise , Lewis Joy H. , Dalton David 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background: Medical education is rapidly evolving. Students enter medical school with a high level of technological literacy and an expectation for instructional variety in the curriculum. In response, many medical schools now incorporate technology-enhanced active learning and multimedia education applications. Education games, medical mobile applications, and virtual patient simulations are together termed gamified training platforms.

Objective: To review available literature for the benefits of using gamified training platforms for medical education (both preclinical and clinical) and training. Also, to identify platforms suitable for these purposes with links to multimedia content.

Methods: Peer-reviewed literature, commercially published media, and grey literature were searched to compile an archive of recently published scientific evaluations of gamified training platforms for medical education. Specific educational games, mobile applications, and virtual simulations useful for preclinical and clinical training were identified and categorized. Available evidence was summarized as it related to potential educational advantages of the identified platforms for medical education.

Results: Overall, improved learning outcomes have been demonstrated with virtual patient simulations. Games have the potential to promote learning, increase engagement, allow for real-word application, and enhance collaboration. They can also provide opportunities for risk-free clinical decision making, distance training, learning analytics, and swift feedback. A total of 5 electronic games and 4 mobile applications were identified for preclinical training, and 5 electronic games, 10 mobile applications, and 12 virtual patient simulation tools were identified for clinical training. Nine additional gamified, virtual environment training tools not commercially available were also identified.

Conclusion: Many published studies suggest possible benefits from using gamified media in medical curriculum. This is a rapidly growing field. More research is required to rigorously evaluate the specific educational benefits of these interventions. This archive of hyperlinked tools can be used as a resource for all levels of medical trainees, providers, and educators.
Is Forecast Capability Important? Evidence from the Selection of Best Analysts in China*
Authors: Quan Yi , Liang Shangkun 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Using a sample of analyst forecast data for Chinese A-share listed companies from 2003 to 2012, this paper examines the role of forecast accuracy, optimism, and consistency in the selection of best analysts made by New Fortune magazine. The results indicate that both forecast accuracy and optimism play important roles in the selection of the best analysts. Both forecast accuracy and optimism increase the probability of being selected as the best analysts in the current year and also increase the probability of being selected the following year. However, the role of consistency is not a significant factor in the selection. Further analysis finds that (1) in respect of companies with high earnings volatility, forecast accuracy plays a greater role in the selection; (2) when the market is in better condition, forecast accuracy and optimism both play greater roles in the selection; and (3) for analysts in small brokerages, forecast accuracy and consistency play greater roles in the selection. This paper clarifies the mechanisms of best analyst selection to some extent and offers a solid base for future research.
Mixing in a three‐phase system: Enhanced production of oil‐wet reservoirs by CO2 injection
Authors: Jiménez‐Martínez Joaquín , Porter Mark L. , Hyman Jeffrey D. , Carey J. William , Viswanathan Hari S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe recreate three‐phase reservoir conditions (high‐pressure/temperature) using a microfluidics system and show that the use of scCO2 for restimulation operations, such as hydraulic fracturing, can enhance mixing and production. The results inform hydrocarbon extraction from deep shale formations, which has recently generated an energy boom that has lowered hydrocarbon costs. However, production decreases rapidly and methods to increase efficiency or allow restimulation of wells are needed. In our experiments, the presence of residual brine from initial production creates spatiotemporal variability in the system that causes the injected scCO2 to more effectively interact‐mix with trapped hydrocarbon, thereby increasing recovery. We apply volume‐averaging techniques to upscale brine saturation, which allows us to analyze the complex three‐phase system in the framework of well characterized two‐phase systems. The upscaled three‐phase system behaves like a two‐phase system: greater mixing with larger non‐wetting content and higher heterogeneity. The results are contrary to previous observations in water‐wet systems.
A global picture of ionospheric slab thickness derived from GIM TEC and COSMIC radio occultation observations
Authors: Huang He , Liu Libo , Chen Yiding , Le Huijun , Wan Weixing 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe ionospheric equivalent slab thickness (EST), defined as the ratio of total electron content (TEC) to F2 layer peak electron density (NmF2), describes the thickness of the ionospheric profile. In this study, we retrieve EST from TEC data obtained from Global Ionospheric Map (GIM) and NmF2 retrieved from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) ionospheric radio occultation data. The diurnal, seasonal, and solar activity variations of global EST are analyzed as the excellent spatial coverage of GIM and COSMIC data. During solstices, daytime EST in the summer hemisphere is larger than that in the winter hemisphere, except in some high‐latitude regions, and the reverse is true for the nighttime EST. The peaks of EST often appear at 0400 local time. The presunrise enhancement in EST appears in all seasons, while the postsunset enhancement in EST is not readily observed in equinox. Both enhancements are attributed to the more remarkable electron density decay of NmF2 compared to that of TEC. The dependence of EST on solar activity is related to the inconsistent solar activity dependences of electron density at different altitudes. Furthermore, it is interesting that EST is enhanced from 0° to 120°E in longitude and 30° to 75°S in latitude during nighttime, just to the east of Weddell Sea Anomaly, during equinox and the Southern Hemisphere summer. This phenomenon is supposed to be related to the effects of geomagnetic declination‐related plasma vertical drifts.
Catchment influence on nitrate and dissolved organic matter in Alaskan streams across a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Harms Tamara K. , Edmonds Jennifer W. , Genet Hélène , Creed Irena F. , Aldred David , Balser Andrew , Jones Jeremy B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSpatial patterns in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles of high‐latitude catchments have been linked to climate and permafrost and used to infer potential changes in biogeochemical cycles under climate warming. However, inconsistent spatial patterns across regions indicate that factors in addition to permafrost and regional climate may shape responses of C and N cycles to climate change. We hypothesized that physical attributes of catchments modify responses of C and N cycles to climate and permafrost. We measured dissolved organic C (DOC) and nitrate (NO3−) concentrations, and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in 21 streams spanning boreal to arctic Alaska, and assessed permafrost, topography, and attributes of soils and vegetation as predictors of stream chemistry. Multiple regression analyses indicated that catchment slope is a primary driver, with lower DOC and higher NO3− concentration in streams draining steeper catchments, respectively. Depth of the active layer explained additional variation in concentration of DOC and NO3−. Vegetation type explained regional variation in concentration and composition of DOM, which was characterized by optical methods. Composition of DOM was further correlated with attributes of soils, including moisture, temperature, and thickness of the organic layer. Regional patterns of DOC and NO3− concentrations in boreal to arctic Alaska were driven primarily by catchment topography and modified by permafrost, whereas composition of DOM was driven by attributes of soils and vegetation, suggesting that predicting changes to C and N cycling from permafrost‐influenced regions should consider catchment setting in addition to dynamics of climate and permafrost.