bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab as a first-line treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma: a cost-effectiveness analysis from China based on the EV-302 trial
Authors: You Maojin , Zheng Qiaoyan , He Ying 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe efficacy and safety of enfortumab vedotin combined with pembrolizumab (EV-PEMB) was investigated as a first-line treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) in a phase III clinical trial (EV-302). The trial findings indicated significant prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to chemotherapy with a favorable safety profile. However, EV-PEMB is costly and it is unknown whether it is cost-effective compared to chemotherapy. This study aimed to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of EV-PEMB versus chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for advanced UC from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.MethodsA Markov model with three distinct health states was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of EV-PEMB as a first-line treatment for advanced UC versus chemotherapy based on the EV-302 trial. Drug costs were obtained from national tender prices. Other expenses and utility values were sourced from the literature or expert advice. The findings of the study included total costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). We conducted a one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis to ensure the model’s robustness.ResultsThe EV-PEMB regimen demonstrated a gain of 3.22 QALYs at $375,420.24, compared to the chemotherapy regimen with 1.70 QALYs at $23,369.67. ICER for EV-PEMB compared to chemotherapy was at $232,256.16 per QALY gained. In China, at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $38,133 per QALY, EV-PEMB has a 0% probability of being cost-effective as a first-line treatment for advanced UC compared to chemotherapy.ConclusionFrom the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system, EV-PEMB is unlikely to be a cost-effective first-line treatment option for advanced UC compared to chemotherapy.
Evaluation of growth, physiological response, and drought resistance of different flue-cured tobacco varieties under drought stress
Authors: Zhang Yi-nan , Zhuang Ye , Wang Xiao-guo , Wang Xiao-dong 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundIn recent years, more severe droughts have occurred frequently in many parts of the world, drought stress is the primary abiotic stress factor restricting the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Therefore, screening dryland cultivation-compatible flue-cured tobacco varieties will help reduce the negative impact of drought.MethodsTobacco varieties were selected: Qinyan 96 (Q96), Zhongyan 101 (Z101), Yunyan 87 (Y87), and Yunyan 116 (Y116). A pot experiment was conducted with four water supply gradients: sufficient, mild stress, moderate stress, and severe stress. The aim was to analyze inter-varietal differences in agronomic traits, photosynthetic traits, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, and antioxidant enzyme system under drought stress. Additionally, the drought resistance of four flue-cured tobacco varieties was evaluated using principal component analysis and membership function analysis.ResultsThe results showed that drought intensification inhibited seedling growth and development across all varieties, with Q96 showing the least decrease and Y116 the greatest. With the increasing degree of drought stress, photosynthetic rates (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conduction (Gs) have shown gradually decreasing trends, while substomatal cavity CO2 concentration (Ci) showed a growing trend. Severe drought corresponded with lower chlorophyll content and decreased the maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), photosystem II (PSII), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) in all varieties, while steady-state non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased. Increased drought stress led to significantly higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content accumulation in tobacco seedlings. The antioxidant enzyme activities in, Q96, Z101, and Y87 increased under mild drought stress, whereas Y116 showed decreased activity.ConclusionThe drought resistance ranking among the four varieties is as follows: Q96 &gt; Z101 &gt; Y87 &gt; Y116. Therefore, Q96 is a promising drought-tolerant breeding material that can be used as a reference for dryland cultivation of flue-cured tobacco.
Harnessing de novo transcriptome sequencing to identify and characterize genes regulating carbohydrate biosynthesis pathways in Salvia guaranitica L.
Authors: Abbas Zahid Khorshid , Al-Huqail Arwa Abdulkreem , Abdel Kawy Aesha H. , Abdulhai Rabab A. , Albalawi Doha A. , AlShaqhaa Manal Abdullah , Alsubeie Moodi Saham , Darwish Doaa Bahaa Eldin , Abdelhameed Ahmed Ali , Soudy Fathia A. , Makki Rania M. , Aljabri Maha , Al-Sulami Nadiah , Ali Mohammed , Zayed Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionCarbohydrate compounds serve multifaceted roles, from energy sources to stress protectants, found across diverse organisms including bacteria, fungi, and plants. Despite this broad importance, the molecular genetic framework underlying carbohydrate biosynthesis pathways, such as starch, sucrose, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in Salvia guaranitica, remains largely unexplored.MethodsIn this study, the Illumina-HiSeq 2500 platform was used to sequence the transcripts of S. guaranitica leaves, generating approximately 8.2 Gb of raw data. After filtering and removing adapter sequences, 38 million reads comprising 210 million high-quality nucleotide bases were obtained. De novo assembly resulted in 75,100 unigenes, which were annotated to establish a comprehensive database for investigating starch, sucrose, and glycolysis biosynthesis. Functional analyses of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (SgGPI), trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase (SgT6PS), and sucrose synthase (SgSUS) were performed using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.ResultsAmong the unigenes, 410 were identified as putatively involved in these metabolic pathways, including 175 related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and 235 to starch and sucrose biosynthesis. Overexpression of SgGPI, SgT6PS, and SgSUS in transgenic A. thaliana enhanced leaf area, accelerated flower formation, and promoted overall growth compared to wild-type plants.DiscussionThese findings lay a foundation for understanding the roles of starch, sucrose, and glycolysis biosynthesis genes in S. guaranitica, offering insights into future metabolic engineering strategies for enhancing the production of valuable carbohydrate compounds in S. guaranitica or other plants.
The relationship between self-control and internet gaming disorder and problematic social networking site use: the mediation effects of internet use motives
Authors: Zhou Ruoyu , Morita Nobuaki , Zhu Chunmu , Ogai Yasukazu , Saito Tamaki , Yang Wenjie , Ogawa Mitsue , Zhang Hong 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThis study aimed to explore the relationships between problematic social networking site use (PSNSU), Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), internet use motives, and self-control among university students in China and Japan. Specifically, it investigated the indirect effects of self-control on IGD and PSNSU through various internet use motives, considering gender differences.MethodsA sample of 697 university students (465 females; 397 Chinese) was surveyed. Path analysis was conducted separately for male and female users to examine the relationships between self-control, internet use motives, IGD, and PSNSU.ResultsThe results indicated that self-control had significant indirect effects on IGD through enhancement (β = 0.096**, p = 0.005), social (β = -0.090**, p = 0.007), and conformity (β = -0.117**, p = 0.001) motives, but these effects were observed only in the male group. Self-control also exhibited indirect effects on PSNSU through enhancement, social, coping, and conformity motives, with a greater impact observed on PSNSU than on IGD. Gender differences in mediating effects were identified, with males and females showing distinct patterns.DiscussionThe findings highlight the importance of understanding gender differences and motivational factors in problematic internet use. These insights contribute to a better understanding of how internet use motives influence IGD and PSNSU in different contexts.
Prenatal maternal mental health and resilience in the United Kingdom during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a cross- national comparison
Authors: Datye Swarali , Smiljanic Marko , Shetti Rohan , MacRae-Miller Alison , van Teijlingen Edwin , Vinayakarao Latha , Peters Eva M. J. , Lebel Catherine , Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne , Giesbrecht Gerald , Khashu Minesh , Conrad Melanie L. 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionPrenatal mental health problems are associated with morbidity for the pregnant person, and their infants are at long-term risk for poor health outcomes. We aim to explore how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected the mental health of pregnant people in the United Kingdom (UK), and to further identify resilience factors which may have contributed to varying mental health outcomes. We also aim to examine the quality of antenatal care provided during the pandemic in the UK and to identify potential inadequacies to enhance preparedness for future events.MethodsDuring June-November 2020, we recruited 3666 individuals in the UK for the EPPOCH pregnancy cohort (Maternal mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Effect of the Pandemic on Pregnancy Outcomes and Childhood Health). Participants were assessed for depression, anxiety, anger and pregnancy-related anxiety using validated scales. Additionally, physical activity, social support, individualized support and personal coping ability of the respondents were assessed as potential resilience factors.ResultsParticipants reported high levels of depression (57.05%), anxiety (58.04%) and anger (58.05%). Higher levels of social and individualized support and personal coping ability were associated with lower mental health challenges. Additionally, pregnant individuals in the UK experienced higher depression during the pandemic than that reported in Canada. Finally, qualitative analysis revealed that restrictions for partners and support persons during medical appointments as well as poor public health communication led to increased mental health adversities and hindered ability to make medical decisions.DiscussionThis study revealed increased mental health challenges among pregnant individuals in the UK during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These results highlight the need for reassessing the mental health support measures available to pregnant people in the UK, both during times of crisis and in general.
Frailty in middle-aged and older adult postoperative patients with gynecological malignancies structural equation modeling
Authors: Man Shuo , Wu Xiaofang , Huang HaoWen , Yu Jinjin , Xia Ling 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundFrailty and self-management are important determinants of quality of life in cancer patients. However, their synergistic effects and potential mechanisms on quality of life in middle-aged and older adult postoperative gynecologic malignancy patients have not been adequately studied.ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationship between frailty, self-management, and quality of life in middle-aged and older adult postoperative gynecologic malignancy patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2024 to April 2024 in three gynecological wards of a tertiary hospital in Wuxi. The study recruited 177 patients aged 45 years or older who underwent surgery for gynecologic malignancies (cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer). Data were collected using demographic and clinical characteristics, the Edmonton Frailty Scale, the Self-Management Competence Scale, and the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the interactions between frailty, self-management, and quality of life.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and older adult postoperative gynecologic malignancy patients was 39.5%, with a mean total self-management score of 125.81 ± 13.21 and a mean total quality of life score of 69.26 ± 10.88. The fit indices of the model indicated a good fit, and that frailty had multiple effects on quality of life; specifically, frailty could affect the quality of life directly or through self-management, i.e., self-management partially mediated frailty and quality of life.ConclusionSelf-management is a mediating variable between frailty and quality of life, suggesting that clinical workers can intervene in self-management skills to improve patient’s quality of life and physical and mental health.
Evolution of artificial intelligence — real and hypothetical social threats
Authors: Ri M. A. 
Published: September 2024

The article considers the problem of artificial intelligence evolution in the context of its negative impact on social, economic and political aspects of society. The stages of evolution of artificial intelligence are described when comparing it with human cognitive abilities, the range of performed tasks and the ability of artificial intelligence to uncontrolled self-learning. General problems of artificial intelligence application in job substitution, manipulation of public opinion and training of artificial intelligence on incorrect historical data set are disclosed. On the example of the popular language neural network ChatGPT the development of artificial intelligence is analyzed, demonstrating the theoretical possibility of evolution to superintelligence and probable risks associated with this phenomenon.
Effect of think-pair-share and choral response assessment methods on academic achievement of prospective science teachers
Authors: Mubashara Akhtar  , Khalil Atif , Noshaba Anam , Khalil Salman 
Published: September 2024

A number of assessment methods are used to improve teaching which accelerates students’ achievement. This study investigates the effect of two assessment methods (Think – Pair – Share and Choral Response) on academic achievement of prospective science teachers in a public sector university in Lahore, Pakistan. It employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design which was conducted on two already existing intact groups i.e. control group (n=51) and experimental group (n=36). The pre-test was administered to both the groups, and then the participants were exposed to the treatment after which the post-test was administered. The two tests, which had been devised based on Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, were the same for both groups. The validity of the tests was ensured by five relevant experts; the reliability was established as 0.832 through a pilot study on 200 prospective teachers. Those items in the test were selected that had difficulty ratings of 0.2 – 0.8 and discrimination ratings of 0.2 – 0.6. The collected data were analysed using independent sample t-test. Results revealed that the students who were assessed through chosen methods of assessment showed better performance than those who were assessed traditionally. It was also found that students showed better performance while applying Think – Pair – Share than Choral Response. Hence, the study recommended to use these methods of assessment during teaching in order to improve students’ achievement.
OPÇÕES DE ANESTESIA E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM A SECREÇÃO E SENSIBILIDADE TECIDUAL À INSULINA: ESTUDO EM RATOS
Authors: Minazaki CK , Greve LL , Menão MC , Felippe PA , Felippe FN , Silva CA 
Published: September 2024

Introdução: Investigações direcionadas a analisar a atividade de anestésicos podem contribuir para determinar se estes interferem em avaliações metabólicas, em especial no que se refere ao controle glicêmico. Objetivo: Avaliar a secreção de insulina (SI) e a sensibilidade de tecidos periféricos à insulina (ITT) na presença de quatro diferentes anestésicos. Métodos: Foram utilizados ratos Wistar (180 ± 15g) distribuídos em grupos, os quais foram submetidos à anestesia com Tiopental sódico (T, 40 mg/kg); Zolazepam (Z, 50 mg/kg); Cetamina-Xilazina (CX, 35 mg/kg e 4 mg/kg) e Tribromoetanol (TRI, 250mg/kg). Para avaliar SI in vivo, foi utilizado o teste de tolerância à glicose (GTT), por sua vez, a sensibilidade periférica à insulina foi determinada pelo teste de tolerância à insulina (ITT) e a avaliação da SI in vitro foi realizada com ilhotas pancreáticas isoladas (protocolo nº 04/2019-CEUA). A análise estatística foi realizada através de ANOVA e teste de Tukey, p<0,05. Resultados: O GTT mostrou que Z e CX induziram aumento de 16% e 41,6% na área sob a curva (AUC) comparado ao T. Não houve diferença significativa entre T e TRI no GTT. No que se refere ao ITT, observou-se que Z e CX reduziram a captação de glicose em 27,2% e 41,8%, respectivamente. Não foram observadas alterações no ITT nos grupos TRI e T. Os resultados in vitro acompanharam os resultados in vivo. Conclusão: Os anestésicos Z e CX interferiram no processo secretório de insulina, bem como na sensibilidade periférica à insulina, já os anestésicos T e TRI não interferiram nas dinâmicas de controle glicêmico.
Karantinanın Arka Yüzü: COVID-19 Salgını Sırasında Yoğun Bakım Sağlık Çalışanlarının Deneyimleri, Psikososyal Sorunları ve Baş Etme Stratejileri
Authors: Yılmaz Hülya , Çevik Özdemir Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Hamide Nur , Nair Aktaş Fatma , Şenol Kazım 
Published: September 2024

COVID-19 salgını nedeniyle dünya çapında sağlık sistemleri zorlu koşullar altında kalmıştır. Doktorlar ve hemşireler, COVID-19 ile mücadelede ön saflarda yer aldıkları için yoğun bakım ünitelerinde ihtiyaç duyulan uzman hasta bakımını sağlamada büyük bir sorumluluğa sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde yoğun bakım ünitesinde çalışan sağlık çalışanlarının deneyimlerini, psikososyal sorunlarını ve başa çıkma stratejilerini ortaya koymaktır.
Fenomenolojik tasarımdaki araştırma Mayıs 2021 - Eylül 2021 tarihleri arasında Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi’nde COVID-19 hastalara sağlık hizmeti sunan 16 sağlık profesyoneli (hemşire, hekim) ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılar ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yüz yüze görüşme tekniğiyle, ses kaydı alınarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler tümevarımsal içerik analizi tekniğiyle Colaizzi'nin yedi aşamalı yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Katılımcılar, pandeminin etkileri (a), başa çıkma stratejileri (b), mesleğe bakış açısı (c) ve beklentiler (d) olmak üzere dört ana tema bildirmiştir. Pandemi sürecinde yoğun bakım sağlık çalışanları korku, stres, kaygı gibi psikososyal sorunlar yaşadığını ve izolasyon sürecinden etkilendiğini ifade etmiştir. Yoğun bakım sağlık çalışanları psikososyal desteğe, koruyucu ekipmana ve iyileştirilmiş çalışma koşullarına ihtiyacı olduğunu paylaşmıştır.
Yoğun bakım sağlık çalışanları, COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle zor koşullar ve yoğun stres altında çalışmaktadır. Gelecekte yaşanabilecek doğal afetler, felaketler, kazalar ve salgın hastalıklar karşısında yoğun bakım sağlık çalışanları için kaliteli ve etkili klinik protokoller hazırlanmalı, kaynak yönetimi optimize edilmeli, psikolojik destek ve yeterli eğitim sağlanmalıdır.
Detecting Exoplanet Transits with the Next Generation of X-Ray Telescopes
Authors: Cilley Raven , King George W. , Corrales Lía 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Detecting exoplanet transits at X-ray wavelengths would provide a window into the effects of high-energy irradiation on the upper atmospheres of planets. However, stars are relatively dim in the X-ray, making exoplanet transit detections difficult with current X-ray telescopes. To date, only one exoplanet (HD 189733 b) has an X-ray transit detection. In this study, we investigate the capability of future X-ray observatories to detect more exoplanet transits, focusing on both the NewAthena Wide Field Imager instrument and the proposed Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite (AXIS), which provide more light-collecting power than current instruments. We examined all the transiting exoplanet systems in the NASA Exoplanet Archive and gathered X-ray flux measurements or estimates for each host star. We then predicted the stellar count rates for both AXIS and NewAthena and simulated light curves, using null-hypothesis testing to identify the top 15 transiting planets ranked by potential detection significance. We also evaluate transit detection probabilities when the apparent X-ray radius is enlarged due to atmospheric escape, finding that ≥five of these planetary systems may be detectable on the >4σ level in this scenario. Finally, we note that the assumed host star coronal temperature, which affects the shape of an X-ray transit, can also significantly affect our ability to detect the planet.
MIRI MRS Observations of Beta Pictoris. II. The Spectroscopic Case for a Recent Giant Collision
Authors: Chen Christine H. , Lu Cicero X. , Worthen Kadin , Law David R. , Sargent B. A. , Moro-Martin Amaya , Sloan G. C. , Lisse Carey M. , Watson Dan M. , Girard Julien H. , Chai Yiwei , Hines Dean C. , Kammerer Jens , Li Alexis , Perrin Marshall , Pueyo Laurent , Rebollido Isabel , Stapelfeldt Karl R. , Stark Christopher , Werner Michael W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Modeling observations of the archetypal debris disk around β Pic, obtained in 2023 January with the MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrograph on board JWST, reveals significant differences compared with that obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph on board Spitzer. The bright 5–15 μm continuum excess modeled using a ∼600 K black body has disappeared. The previously prominent 18 and 23 μm crystalline forsterite emission features, arising from cold dust (∼100 K) in the Rayleigh limit, have disappeared and been replaced by very weak features arising from the hotter 500 K dust population. Finally, the shape of the 10 μm silicate feature has changed, consistent with a shift in the temperature of the warm dust population from ∼300 to ∼500 K and an increase in the crystalline fraction of the warm, silicate dust. Stellar radiation pressure may have blown both the hot and the cold crystalline dust particles observed in the Spitzer spectra out of the planetary system during the intervening 20 yr between the Spitzer and JWST observations. These results indicate that the β Pic system has a dynamic circumstellar environment, and that periods of enhanced collisions can create large clouds of dust that sweep through the planetary system.