bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Thromboprophylaxis in Individuals without Cancer Admitted to a Geriatric Palliative Care Unit
Authors: Gurau Adam J. , Berall Anna , Karuza Jurgis , Perri Giulia‐Anna 
Published: November 2017

Background/ObjectivesThe prevalence of individuals with advanced noncancer disease is increasing on palliative care units (PCUs), but there are no current guidelines to direct venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis decisions in these individuals. The aim of this study was to compare primary VTE prophylaxis in elderly adults with advanced noncancer diagnoses with that of those with advanced cancer on a dedicated geriatric PCU.DesignSingle‐center retrospective chart review.SettingBaycrest Health Sciences PCU, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsAll 317 individuals admitted to and discharged in 2015 were included in the initial analysis.ResultsThree hundred sixteen individuals were included in the final analysis, 56 (17.7%) of whom had a noncancer diagnosis. VTE prophylaxis was administered in 31.8% of participants with cancer and 26.8% of those without (P = .28). Two hundred eleven (66.6%) participants were admitted from the hospital, and 96 (30.3%) were admitted from home. Participants admitted from the hospital were more likely to receive VTE prophylaxis (39.8% vs 13.7%; P < .05). Mean admission PPS score was 31.4 for participants without cancer and 36.0 for those with cancer (P < .05). Length of stay was shorter for participants with a PPS score less than 30 (18.6 vs 33.6 days; P < .05). The rate of VTE prophylaxis in participants who were bedbound was similar to that in those who were ambulatory (29.8% vs 32.2%; P = .36).ConclusionVTE prophylaxis rates were similar in participants with and without cancer on a geriatric PCU. The rate was not significantly less for nonambulatory participants. Further research would help to better guide VTE prophylaxis decisions and minimize suffering at the end of life.
Collagen: A review on its sources and potential cosmetic applications
Authors: Avila Rodríguez María Isabela , Rodríguez Barroso Laura G , Sánchez Mirna Lorena 
Published: November 2017

SummaryCollagen is a fibrillar protein that conforms the conjunctive and connective tissues in the human body, essentially skin, joints, and bones. This molecule is one of the most abundant in many of the living organisms due to its connective role in biological structures. Due to its abundance, strength and its directly proportional relation with skin aging, collagen has gained great interest in the cosmetic industry. It has been established that the collagen fibers are damaged with the pass of time, losing thickness and strength which has been strongly related with skin aging phenomena [Colágeno para todo. 60 y más. 2016. http://www.revista60ymas.es/InterPresent1/groups/revistas/documents/binario/ses330informe.pdf.]. As a solution, the cosmetic industry incorporated collagen as an ingredient of different treatments to enhance the user youth and well‐being, and some common presentations are creams, nutritional supplement for bone and cartilage regeneration, vascular and cardiac reconstruction, skin replacement, and augmentation of soft skin among others [J App Pharm Sci. 2015;5:123‐127]. Nowadays, the biomolecule can be obtained by extraction from natural sources such as plants and animals or by recombinant protein production systems including yeast, bacteria, mammalian cells, insects or plants, or artificial fibrils that mimic collagen characteristics like the artificial polymer commercially named as KOD. Because of its increased use, its market size is valued over USD 6.63 billion by 2025 [Collagen Market By Source (Bovine, Porcine, Poultry, Marine), Product (Gelatin, Hydrolyzed Collagen), Application (Food & Beverages, Healthcare, Cosmetics), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2014 – 2025. Grand View Research. http://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/collagen-market. Published 2017.]. Nevertheless, there has been little effort on identifying which collagen types are the most suitable for cosmetic purposes, for which the present review will try to enlighten in a general scope this unattended matter.
Short‐term changes in chewing efficiency and subjective evaluation in normal dentate subjects after insertion of oral appliances with an occlusal flat table
Authors: Satokawa Y. , Minami I. , Wakabayashi N. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryOral appliances with an occlusal flat table are used as treatment dentures. However, the short‐term effect of insertion of such oral appliances on chewing has not been reported. This study aimed to determine whether experimental and continuous insertion of oral appliances with an occlusal flat table has an effect on chewing efficiency and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) in healthy participants. Ten participants each in the oral‐appliance and control (no oral‐appliance insertion) groups attended six data collection sessions for 5 consecutive days. Participants answered the OHIP questionnaire and underwent the chewing efficiency test. For each parameter, intergroup differences were investigated in terms of change from baseline to immediately after oral‐appliance insertion (0 hour; P < .05) and from 0 hour to 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after oral‐appliance insertion (P < .05). There were significant differences between groups in the degree of change in chewing efficiency and OHIP scores for functional limitation, physical pain, physical disability and handicap from baseline to 0 hour (all, P < .001); among these, only OHIP scores for functional limitation and physical pain demonstrated significant differences in degree of change between the two groups at 96 hours after appliance insertion (P = .477 and .275, respectively). Differences between the two groups in the degree of change in other parameters were not significant. Insertion of oral appliances caused a decrease in chewing efficiency and an increase in OHIP scores. Continuous insertion improved functional limitation and physical pain within 96 hours.
Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes of Submerged and Nonsubmerged Bone‐Level Implants with Internal Hexagonal Connections in Immediate Implantation: A 5‐Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Shiyu , Wu Xiayi , Shrestha Rachana , Lin Jinying , Feng Zhicai , Liu Yudong , Shi Yunlin , Huang Baoxin , Li Zhipeng , Liu Quan , Zhang Xiaocong , Hu Mingxuan , Chen Zhuofan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the 5‐year clinical and radiologic outcome of immediate implantation using submerged and nonsubmerged techniques with bone‐level implants and internal hexagonal connections and the effects of potential influencing factors.Materials and Methods: A total of 114 bone‐level implants (XiVE S plus) with internal hexagonal connections inserted into 72 patients were included. Patients were followed up for 5 years. A t‐test was used to statistically evaluate the marginal bone loss between the submerged and nonsubmerged groups. The cumulative survival rate (CSR) was calculated according to the life table method and illustrated with Kaplan‐Meier survival curves. Comparisons of the CSR between healing protocols, guided bone regeneration, implants with different sites, lengths, and diameters were performed using log‐rank tests.Results: The 5‐year cumulative implant survival rates with submerged and nonsubmerged healing were 94% and 96%, respectively. No statistically significant differences in terms of marginal bone loss, healing protocol, application of guided bone regeneration, implant site, or length were observed.Conclusions: High CSRs and good marginal bone levels were achieved 5 years after immediate implantation of bone‐level implants with internal hexagonal connections using both the submerged and nonsubmerged techniques. Factors such as implant length, site, and application of guided bone regeneration did not have an impact on the long‐term success of the implants.
In Vitro Assessment of Retention and Resistance Failure Loads of Teeth Restored with a Complete Coverage Restoration and Different Core Materials
Authors: Tsiagali Vasileia , Kirmanidou Yvoni , Pissiotis Argirios , Michalakis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo investigate in vitro the retention and the resistance form, as well as the failure modes of maxillary premolars restored with cast metal crowns and different core materials.Materials and MethodsSixty human extracted maxillary premolars were selected according to their size and were embedded in PMMA resin blocks. After removing a part of their clinical crowns, the teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 teeth and were either left unrestored, or they were restored with amalgam or composite resin. All teeth were prepared for a cast metal complete coverage restoration. The restorations were cemented on the prepared teeth with a resin‐modified glass ionomer luting agent (GC Fuji Plus). All specimens were subjected to static loading at 1 mm/min by a universal testing machine, until failure. Half the specimens of each group were subjected to tensile loading along the long axis of the teeth. The other half were subjected to compressive loading at a 30° angle. Failure loads and failure modes for each tooth were recorded. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, one‐way ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD test.ResultsOne‐way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences among the 3 tested groups (p < 0.05) for both tests. The group of teeth with no core material presented the highest failure loads for both the tensile and the compressive loading tests, with mean loads of 381.02 Ν and 741.21 Ν, respectively. Mean tensile and compressive failure loads for the amalgam group were 277.34 Ν and 584.75 Ν, while the composite resin group presented the lowest tensile and compressive failure values, which were 250.77 Ν and 465.78 Ν, respectively. The compression loading test resulted in the same failure mode for all specimens, which included unfavorable fracture of the teeth in combination with detachment of the cast metal complete coverage restorations. The tensile loading test resulted in different failure modes between the groups that used a core material and the group with no core material.ConclusionsTeeth that lost more than half of their coronal structure presented better retention and resistance form if no core material was used, provided that a minimum of 2‐mm axial wall height was present at the missing part. Teeth that have lost more than half of their coronal structure and were restored with amalgam core presented better retention and resistance form than those restored with composite resin. Catastrophic fractures, extending to the root, were associated with compression forces but not with tensile forces.
Marginal Fit Comparison of CAD/CAM Crowns Milled from Two Different Materials
Authors: Azarbal Atousa , Azarbal Mohsen , Engelmeier Robert L. , Kunkel Thomas C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the marginal fit of CAD/CAM copings milled from hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic) blocks and lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD) blocks, and to evaluate the effect of crystallization firing on the marginal fit of lithium disilicate copings.Materials and MethodsA standardized metal die with a 1‐mm‐wide shoulder finish line was imaged using the CEREC AC Bluecam. The coping was designed using CEREC 3 software. The design was used to fabricate 15 lithium disilicate and 15 hybrid ceramic copings. Design and milling were accomplished by one operator. The copings were seated on the metal die using a pressure clamp with a uniform pressure of 5.5 lbs. A Macroview Microscope (14×) was used for direct viewing of the marginal gap. Four areas were imaged on each coping (buccal, distal, lingual, mesial). Image analysis software was used to measure the marginal gaps in μm at 15 randomly selected points on each of the four surfaces. A total of 60 measurements were made per specimen. For lithium disilicate copings the measurements for marginal gap were made before and after crystallization firing. Data were analyzed using paired t‐test and Kruskal‐Wallis test.ResultsThe overall mean difference in marginal gap between the hybrid ceramic and crystallized lithium disilicate copings was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Greater mean marginal gaps were measured for crystallized lithium disilicate copings. The overall mean difference in marginal gap before and after firing (precrystallized and crystallized lithium disilicate copings) showed an average of 62 μm increase in marginal gap after firing. This difference was also significant (p < 0.01).ConclusionsA significant difference exists in the marginal gap discrepancy when comparing hybrid ceramic and lithium disilicate CAD/CAM crowns. Also crystallization firing can result in a significant increase in the marginal gap of lithium disilicate CAD/CAM crowns.
Using Intraoral Scanning Technology for Three‐Dimensional Printing of Kennedy Class I Removable Partial Denture Metal Framework: A Clinical Report
Authors: Hu Feng , Pei Zhenhua , Wen Ying 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRemovable partial dentures (RPDs) are used to restore missing teeth and are traditionally fabricated using the lost‐wax casting technique. The casting process is arduous, time‐consuming, and requires a skilled technician. The development of intraoral scanning and 3D printing technology has made rapid prototyping of the RPD more achievable. This article reports a completed case of direct fabrication of a maxillary RPD metal framework (Kennedy Class I) using intraoral scanning and 3D printing techniques. Acceptable fit and satisfactory clinical outcome were demonstrated. Intraoral scanning and 3D printing for fabrication of the RPD metal framework is a useful alternative to conventional impression and casting techniques, especially for patients suffering from nasal obstruction or intolerance.
Who Performs Colonoscopy? Workforce Trends Over Space and Time
Authors: Eberth Jan M. , Josey Michele J. , Mobley Lee R. , Nicholas Davidson O. , Jeffe Donna B. , Odahowski Cassie , Probst Janice C. , Schootman Mario 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeWith the increased availability of colonoscopy to average risk persons due to insurance coverage benefit changes, we sought to identify changes in the colonoscopy workforce. We used outpatient discharge records from South Carolina between 2001 and 2010 to examine shifts over time and in urban versus rural areas in the types of medical providers who perform colonoscopy, and the practice settings in which they occur, and to explore variation in colonoscopy volume across facility and provider types.MethodsUsing an all‐payer outpatient discharge records database from South Carolina, we conducted a retrospective analysis of all colonoscopy procedures performed between 2001 and 2010.FindingsWe identified a major shift in the type of facilities performing colonoscopy in South Carolina since 2001, with substantial gains in ambulatory surgery settings (2001: 15, 2010: 34, +127%) versus hospitals (2001: 58, 2010: 59, +2%), particularly in urban areas (2001: 12, 2010: 27, +125%). The number of internists (2001: 46, 2010: 76) and family physicians (2001: 34, 2010: 106) performing colonoscopies also increased (+65% and +212%, respectively), while their annual procedures volumes stayed fairly constant. Significant variation in annual colonoscopy volume was observed across medical specialties (P < .001), with nongastroenterologists having lower volumes versus gastroenterologists and colon and rectal surgeons.ConclusionsThere have been substantial changes over time in the number of facilities and physicians performing colonoscopy in South Carolina since 2001, particularly in urban counties. Findings suggest nongastroenterologists are meeting a need for colonoscopies in rural areas.
Nurses' implementation of ventilator‐associated pneumonia prevention guidelines: an observational study in Jordan
Authors: Aloush Sami M. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundVentilator‐associated pneumonia prevention guidelines from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Thoracic Society, and the Institute for Health Care and Improvement have been published to reduce the rate of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in the clinical settings; however, nurses' compliance with these guidelines is still questionable.AimsThe purpose of this study was to assess nurses' compliance with ventilator‐associated pneumonia prevention guidelines and the factors that influence their compliance.DesignA structured observational design with a non‐participant approach.MethodOne hundred nurses were observed during their care for patients on mechanical ventilator. The observers documented nurses' implementation of ventilator‐associated pneumonia prevention guidelines using a structured observational sheet.ResultsCompliance of nurses was found to be unsatisfactory. Of the participants, 63% showed ‘insufficient compliance’. Nurses working in units with a 1:1 nurse:patient ratio and lower beds' capacity demonstrated higher compliance and their intensive care units had a lower rate of ventilator‐associated pneumonia and shorter intensive care unit stay in comparison with their counterparts working with a 1:2 nurse:patient ratio and higher beds' capacity.ConclusionNurses' compliance with ventilator‐associated pneumonia prevention guidelines was insufficient. Low nurse–patient ratio and large intensive care unit beds capacity were found to affect nurses' compliance and patients' outcomes. This study expanded knowledge about important aspects of nursing care; nurses' compliance with ventilator‐associated pneumonia prevention guidelines and the factors that affect their compliance. This knowledge can be used by health professional to guide the clinical practice and to improve the quality of care.
Chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction: Progress in management?
Authors: Di Nardo G. , Karunaratne T. B. , Frediani S. , De Giorgio R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (CIPO) is a severe form of gastrointestinal dysmotility (often due to derangement of the innervation/smooth muscle/interstitial cells of Cajal) with recurrent episodes of intestinal subocclusion mimicking a mechanical obstruction. Because of its complexity and heterogeneity, CIPO is often misdiagnosed or remains unrecognized until advanced stages. Management is a critical aspect in CIPO patient care. So far, most prokinetic drugs have not proven efficacy in restoring intestinal propulsion, thus nutritional support, fluid/electrolyte replacement, and antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment. In this issue of the journal, Ohkubo et al showed promising data indicating that percutaneous endoscopic gastro‐jejunostomy (PEG‐J) can be proposed as a measure for intestinal decompression, thereby improving CIPO‐associated abdominal symptoms, including pain. In addition to a concise update of clinical and diagnostic features, the present minireview tackles management options, with a major emphasis on PEG‐J, for CIPO patients.
Identification of swallowing disorders in early and mid‐stage Parkinson's disease using pattern recognition of pharyngeal high‐resolution manometry data
Authors: Jones C. A. , Hoffman M. R. , Lin L. , Abdelhalim S. , Jiang J. J. , McCulloch T. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) can cause severe dysphagia, especially later in disease progression. Early identification of swallowing dysfunction may lead to earlier intervention. Pharyngeal high‐resolution manometry (HRM) provides complementary information to videofluoroscopy, with advantages of being quantitative and objective. Artificial neural network (ANN) classification can examine non‐linear relationships among multiple variables with relatively low bias. We evaluated if ANN techniques could differentiate between patients with PD and healthy controls.MethodsSimultaneous videofluoroscopy and pharyngeal HRM were performed on 31 patients with early to mid‐stage PD and 31 age‐ and sex‐matched controls during thin‐liquid swallows of 2 cc, 10 cc and comfortable sip volume. We performed multilayer‐perceptron analyses on only videofluoroscopic data, only HRM data or a combination of the two. We also evaluated variability‐based parameters, representing variability in manometric parameters across multiple swallows. We hypothesized that patients with PD and controls would be classified with at least 80% accuracy, and that combined videofluoroscopic and HRM data would classify participants better than either alone.Key ResultsClassification rates were highest with all parameters considered. Maximum classification rate was 82.3 ± 5.2%, recorded for 2 cc swallows. Inclusion of variability‐based parameters improved classification rates. Classification rates using only manometric parameters were similar to those using all parameters, and rates were substantially lower for the comfortable sip volumes.Conclusions & InferencesResults from these classifications highlight the differences between swallowing function in patients with early and mid‐stage PD and healthy controls. Early identification of swallowing dysfunction is key to developing preventative swallowing treatments for those with PD.
The role of glucagon in weight loss‐mediated metabolic improvement: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Silvestre M. P. , Goode J. P. , Vlaskovsky P. , McMahon C. , Tay A. , Poppitt S. D. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAimsThis meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the role of glucagon suppression in regulating glucose homeostasis following diet or bariatric surgery.MethodsA comprehensive search of intervention and observational studies was conducted in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and Embase. Random effects model meta‐analysis was performed. Primary outcomes were (i) body weight change, (ii) fasting glucagon, (iii) fasting glucose and (iv) fasting insulin concentrations.ResultsTwenty articles reporting data from 29 interventions were eligible for analysis. Bariatric surgery caused greater weight loss than diet (bariatric −29.7 kg [CI:‐36.8, −22.6]; diet −5.8 kg [CI: −8.4, −3.3]; P < 0.00001), an effect that remained significant after adjusting for study duration (P < 0.05). Mean fasting glucagon decreased in parallel with weight loss (−11.8 ng/L [CI: −15.9, −7.8]; P < 0.00001) with no difference between bariatric and diet intervention. Both fasting glucose, and insulin decreased following weight loss (both P < 0.00001; glucose −1.7 mmol/L [CI: −2.0, −1.3]; insulin −50.6 pmol/L [CI: −66.5, −34.7] with greater decrease in fasting insulin between bariatric versus diet (P = 0.01).ConclusionsSynergistic suppression of fasting glucagon and insulin resistance may act together to restore normoglycaemia following weight loss. Whether suppression of plasma glucagon may contribute to increased hunger after weight loss and gradual weight regain is not yet known.