bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B - 46 The Increase of Impulsivity and Irritability under Types of Traumatic Brain Injuries
Authors: Whynot Delaney , Burch Marissa , Foltz Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) remain a global contributor to mortality and incapacitation, afflicting approximately 69 million individuals yearly (Dewan et al., 2019). Despite potential amelioration of physical and neurological symptoms, behavioral alterations such as irritability and impulsivity often persist (Vutakuri, 2023). This study explores how TBIs relate to impulsivity and irritability across demographic and injury factors.

Method
446 trauma-exposed participants were selected for analysis, retrieved from a Midwestern treatment center database. Responses to PCL-5 questions 15 and 16 assessed impulsivity and irritability. Participants were divided into control (n = 192) and experimental (n = 254) groups based on TBI presence and PCL-5 scores. SPSS software facilitated statistical procedures, including multivariate, univariate, and chi square analyses. Participants were categorized by race, gender, and age (11 to 65 years).

Results
The analysis found insignificant relationships between TBI types and irritability/impulsivity (p = 0.863; p = 0.638). However, race and age were found to have a significant correlation with TBI presence and type of TBI. Moreover, any TBI correlated with increased irritability and impulsivity (r = 0.11, p = 0.024; r = 0.20, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
This study underscores the enduring influence of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) on increased irritability and impulsivity. While TBI types showed no significant association with these traits, demographic factors (race and age) emerged as pivotal determinants. Caucasians exhibited a higher TBI incidence, while older individuals displayed increased susceptibility to assault-related TBIs but paradoxically lower levels of irritability and impulsivity. These nuanced findings emphasize the intricate interplay between TBI and demographic variables in shaping behavioral outcomes.
B - 51 Are my Constructs Bass-Ackwards? A Hierarchical Approach to Neuropsychological Factors in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Ikonomou Vasilios C , Campbell Ivan , Wagaman Bailey , Hernandez Katherine A , Ton-Loy Adan , Sullivan Sydney , Hill Benjamin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study examined neuropsychological measures within a hierarchical framework in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) sample.

Methods
270 individuals (M = 32 years old, SD = 14.8; 70% male, 94% white) with mixed TBI severity (73.7% mild TBI) completed the Meyers Neuropsychological Battery (MNB). Principal Components Analyses (PCAs) were conducted using Goldberg’s (2006) “bass-ackwards” hierarchical approach commonly used to evaluate “stratum” in personality and psychopathology. This involves an iterative top-down approach extracting a single general factor, then using the same data to extract two factors, then three factors, and continues as long as theoretically feasible. Extracted factors are saved as factor scores and correlated to reveal pathways between stratum.

Results
Iterative PCAs revealed a 4-stratum model. The first unrotated principal component (FUPC) was defined by loadings for Arithmetic, AVLT, RCFT, and Block Design. The second stratum factors were defined by AVLT and BNT (factor 1) and RCFT and Block Design (factor 2). The third stratum was defined by RCFT, Block Design, and Finger Localization nondominant (factor 1); Information and BNT (factor 2); and AVLT, Coding, and Finger Tapping dominant (factor 3). Stratum 4 was RCFT and Block Design (factor 1); AVLT (factor 2); Sentence Repetition, Similarities, and Information (factor 3); and Finger Tapping bilateral, Coding, and Trails Making Test (factor 4). Correlational pathways between factors ranged from 0.50 to 0.98.

Conclusion
Factors at lower stratum generally aligned with functions for cortical lobes. For example, Stratum 4 can be conceptualized as right temporoparietal (factor 1), left temporal (factor 2), left frontotemporal (factor 3), and bilateral frontal (factor 4).
B - 52 A Pilot Study for the Responsible Concussion Commentary Checklist: Evaluating Commentary of Head Injury Assessment in the Australian National Rugby League
Authors: Lappin Keeley , Sullivan Karen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Focus on sport-related concussion has increased due to growing concerns regarding the long-term effects of repeated concussion. To improve player safety, some sports have adopted new injury assessment and management protocols. These efforts may be undercut by the live media coverage of concussion, which is known to downplay concussion. This pilot study explored how live sports commentary from the Australian National Rugby League portrays concussion in the context of the newly introduced Head Injury Assessment (HIA) protocol.

Method
15 concussions were randomly selected from the 69 HIA-tiggering events from rounds 1 to 8 of the 2024 season. The live commentary for those events was evaluated using a concussion commentary checklist. This multi-item checklist was developed from existing recommendations for the responsible reporting of concussion. The checklist evaluated the extent to which the commentary met the gold standard requirements (e.g., used the correct injury terminology) and yielded an overall impression score (commentary quality).

Results
Impression ratings revealed that the commentary was rarely scored as high quality, indicating that it did not meet the gold standard expected for accurate and responsible commentary of on field instances of suspected concussion. The scores for the individual checklist items were also frequently low. Commonly identified issues included the use of incorrect injury terminology and injury minimisation.

Conclusion
This pilot study showed that the live commentary of suspected concussion was poor. The findings have implications for concussion awareness through changed practices in live sports commentary. Commentary guidance is needed to prevent the spread of misinformation about concussion among sport spectators.
B - 60 Age of ADHD Diagnosis as a Predictor of Psychiatric Symptom Reporting
Authors: Shoemaker Bonnie E , Piszczor Justyna , Abalos Steven A , Soble Jason R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis and intervention is thought to mitigate symptom severity and to improve outcomes. Existing literature suggests those who receive later ADHD diagnoses may attribute ADHD symptomatology to personal shortcomings, contributing to a negative self-perception and higher incidence of psychopathology. We evaluated differences in psychological functioning between adults diagnosed with ADHD in childhood (&lt; 12) versus those first diagnosed in adolescence or adulthood.

Method
Cross-sectional data from 609 patients (Mage = 28.13; Meducation = 15.69; 61.4% Female/38.6% Male; 39.9% White, 27.3% Hispanic, 16.7% Black, 10.3% Asian, 5.7% Other) undergoing neuropsychological evaluation for ADHD was examined. Psychiatric symptomatology was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Patients were grouped by diagnostic history: (1) ADHD diagnosis in childhood and currently (&lt; 12); (2) current ADHD diagnosis without childhood diagnosis; and (3) no ADHD/primary psychopathology diagnosis comparison group.

Results
Overall, there was a significant multivariate effect across groups (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.961, F(4,1204) = 5.971, p &lt; 0.001); patients diagnosed with ADHD in childhood had significantly lower BAI and BDI-II scores than both those diagnosed later and those diagnosed with a condition other than ADHD.

Conclusion(s)
Individuals diagnosed with ADHD in childhood self-reported less symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to those diagnosed with ADHD later in adolescence or adulthood and those without an ADHD diagnosis. This underscores the potential importance of early identification and intervention for ADHD in mitigating subsequent symptoms of anxiety and depression.
B - 62 Cognitive Training Targeting Reward Responsiveness Promotes more Efficient Affective Processing in an Interference Go/NoGo Task
Authors: Dun Danielle , Barretto Sergio , Hovren Hanna , Harlé Katia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Abnormalities in emotional processing are commonly seen in depression and anxiety, disorders also associated with decreased reward sensitivity i.e., anhedonia. We tested a noninvasive, cognitive training program aimed at boosting reward responsiveness and gaged if it may also improve affective processing efficiency.

Methods
Individuals (N = 50; 54% Female; 18–65 yo) with low hedonic tone (Positive and Negative Affect Scale/PANAS score &lt; 25) and diagnostic levels of depression and/or anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-8/PHQ-8 or General Anxiety Disorder-7/GAD-7 score ≥ 10) who responded to community-posted flyers completed an affective go/no-go (AGN) task before and after completing an exploratory reward learning task, i.e., a multi-arm bandit (MAB). Participants were randomly assigned to a high-reward MAB training with either high variance (HV) or low variance (LV) in reward rates, HV being expected to boost reward maximization. In the AGN, participants saw negative and positive pictures and had to respond as fast as possible to pictures of a given target category (positive or negative).

Results
Following the HV vs LV training MAB, participants were more accurate (higher likelihood of hits), which was more evident in negative target blocks relative to positive target blocks (odds ratio/OR:0.61, 95% CI = [0.38,0.98]; z = −2.045, p = 0.041). Participants exhibited stronger decreases in hits response times following the HV vs LV training MAB, but across all target blocks (B:-37 ms, 95% CI = [−56,-18]; t = −3.806, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
A novel cognitive training program aimed at boosting reward sensitivity may help improve patients’ processing of emotionally taxing stimuli. Targeting reward sensitivity is a critical component of improving clinical outcomes in depressed and anxious patients..
B - 64 Exploring the Role of Education in Predicting Older Veterans’ Functional Performance on the Pillbox Test
Authors: Granier Katie L , McDonald Taylor , Burger Carly , Zartman Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Previous research demonstrates older adults with less education are at higher risk of medication nonadherence (Jin et al. 2016). The Pillbox Test is a process-oriented, performance-based measurement of executive functioning designed and validated by Zartman and colleagues (2013) which may help identify individuals at risk of medication nonadherence and functional impairment. This study aimed to assess the impact educational attainment has on Pillbox Test performance.

Method
Participants (n = 208) included a mixed diagnostic sample of older adults who completed the Pillbox Test as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation within a neuropsychology clinic between 2019–2024 (Mage = 71.54, Meducation = 13, 62.5% Caucasian, 89.9% male). Correlational and regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between education and Pillbox Test performance.

Results
Pearson correlations revealed a significant negative correlation between years of education and Pillbox Test total errors, r(206) = −0.14, p &lt; 0.05, such that lower education was associated with greater errors. However, linear multiple regression analyses revealed education did not uniquely predict errors on the Pillbox Test when accounting for demographic variables (race, education, age, gender). Race was the only significant predictor of Pillbox errors. Specifically, identification as Hispanic (β = 0.21, p &lt; 0.01) or African American (β = 0.18, p &lt; 0.05) predicted greater errors.

Conclusion(s)
While lower education is associated with poorer Pillbox Test performance, it does not uniquely predict performance when accounting for other demographic variables. That said, the Pillbox Test appears to be a robust measure of functional ability and executive functioning among older adults with diverse educational backgrounds and may be less susceptible to the influence of formal education than other similar measures.
B - 68 Executive Functioning Skills of Verbal and Emotional Intelligence and Borderline Personality Predict Posttraumatic Growth
Authors: Harris Vanessa , Harris Vanessa , Jones Makyla A , Jacquin Kristine M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Research found a positive connection between emotional intelligence and both borderline personality and posttraumatic growth. Prior research has not examined the combination of emotional intelligence, borderline personality, and cognitive intelligence as predictors of posttraumatic growth (PTG); our research helped fill this gap.

Method
American adults (N = 402; M age = 38.7 years, SD = 13.0) were recruited from Prolific to complete an online survey including Shipley Institute of Living Scale-2, Assessing Emotions Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Expanded, and screening questionnaire for DSM-5 Personality Disorders. PTG was measured in relation to any previous trauma. Participants reported being white (67.2%), African American/Black (9.7%), Asian/Asian American (9.7%), Hispanic/Latinx (9.0%), and other ethnicities (4.5%), and men (48.0%), women (47.8%), non-binary (1.5%), transgender men (1.2%) or women (0.5%), or other genders (0.9%).

Results
Hierarchical regression revealed that emotional and verbal intelligence significantly predicted PTG, F(2, 391) = 78.54, p &lt; 0.001, adj. R2 = 0.28, 95% CI [0.20, 0.35]. Adding borderline characteristics to the model resulted in significantly greater prediction of PTG, F(3, 390) = 61.22, p &lt; 0.001, F change p &lt; 0.001, and explained 32% of the variance in PTG, adj. R2 = 0.32, 95% CI [0.24, 0.39]. Greater emotional intelligence (beta = 0.535), more borderline personality characteristics (beta = 0.189), and lower verbal reasoning (beta = −0.159) predicted more PTG.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that executive functions and borderline characteristics play a complex role in the development of posttraumatic growth after trauma.
B - 69 Exploring Gratitude: its Associations with Executive Function and Mental Health in College Undergraduates
Authors: Dalokay Lauren A , Mohlman Jan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Strength-related traits, particularly gratitude, have received little attention in the literature on the psychological and cognitive well-being of undergraduate students. This study examined whether dispositional gratitude predicts both objective and perceived executive functions, and reconsidered other known predictors such as mood, gender, and positive affect in a diverse sample of 270 undergraduate students.

Method
The students completed self-report mood and executive skill measures, then participated in the computerized version of the Trails Making Test, parts A and B. Students with prior brain injury, Dx of ADHD, or learning disability were excluded. Correlations, T-tests, and ANOVAs were used to analyze data.

Results
Gratitude was negatively correlated with depression (r = −0.492), anxiety (r = −0.377), and stress (r = −0.260). Conversely, it was positively correlated with positive affect (r = 0.503), all statistically significant at p &lt; 0.001. Additionally, students with higher levels of gratitude self-reported higher executive functioning skills, such as planning and emotional regulation, representing small sized effects. However, there was no significant relationship between gratitude and objective performance on a task of cognitive flexibility, nor were there differences in gratitude scores between male and female participants. Eighty-six percent of students who identified as Asian were in the lower level of gratitude group.

Conclusion
These findings support prior research suggesting that gratitude has a stronger influence on boosting mood and positive emotions, rather than on higher-order executive skills, such as cognitive flexibility. The study also highlights cultural considerations of gratitude interventions, taking into account differences found between ethnic groups.
B - 71 Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition—Adult Version (BRIEF2A) Scale Elevations in Adults with Mild and Moderate/Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Sady Maegan D , Barrett-Clarke Adam P , Gioia Gerard A , Isquith Peter K , Roth Robert M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Adults with persisting symptoms after mild (mTBI) or moderate-to-severe (msTBI) TBI may show problems with executive functions (EF) on testing and, in some studies, in everyday life. We examined self- and informant-report EF in mTBI and msTBI using the BRIEF2A.

Method
Participants were 62 patients with persisting symptoms after mTBI (57 self-, 22 informant report) and 31 with msTBI (28 self, 17 informant) seen for neuropsychological evaluation at least one-year post-injury, compared to demographically-matched healthy adults (HA) from the standardization sample. BRIEF2A scales are Inhibit (INHIB), Self-Monitor (SM), Shift (SHFT), Emotional Control (EC), Initiate (INIT), Working Memory (WM), Plan/Organize (P/O), Task-Monitor (TM), and Organization of Materials (OM).

Results
mTBI self-ratings were higher than HA on all scales, especially WM, SM, INHIB, and SHFT. The majority of patients had elevated scores on 6/9 scales, most notably WM (82.5%) and P/O (64.9%). Informants also scored higher than HA on all scales, most commonly elevating on WM (77.3%), INIT (54.5%), SHFT and P/O (50%). In msTBI, greater self-rated difficulty than HA on all scales except OM, most common elevations being WM and INHIB (46.4%). msTBI Informant report was higher for the same 8/9 scales, especially elevating on WM (82%), P/O (76.5%), EC and SM (70.6%).

Conclusions
Patients and informants of those with persisting symptoms after mTBI and msTBI commonly endorse executive dysfunction in their everyday lives. Those persons with msTBI self-endorsed fewer problems with EF than seen in mTBI, contrasting with msTBI informants who observe a broader range of challenges than self-report, possibly related to reduced self-awareness.
B - 73 Neurocognitive Correlates of Impulsivity: Lack of Perseverance Is Associated with Poorer Cognitive Control
Authors: Abid Arooj , Mach Russell J , Middlebrooks Morgan , Lamm Connie , Judah Matt 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study investigated associations between cognitive control, specifically proactive and reactive control, and impulsivity. Impulsivity is linked to low cognitive control and has been associated with substance use, self-harm, and dementia. Studies suggest that impulsivity is linked to poorer reactive and proactive control, but the unique facet of impulsivity implicated in this link has not been established. This study aimed to understand how impulsivity subdomains are related to both proactive and reactive control during a continuous performance task.

Methods
To examine the full spectrum of impulsivity, a premorbid risk-factor, a total of 251 healthy undergraduates were included in the study (106 male, 143 female, and 2 another gender; mean age = 19.51, SD = 2.76). Thirty-seven were excluded due to missing data. Participants completed the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation-seeking, Positive-urgency (UPPS-P) Scale and the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) for course credit.

Results
Lack of perseverance was correlated with longer reaction times on proactive control, r = 0.143, p = 0.023, and reactive control trials, r = 0.180, p = 0.004. Lack of perseverance was also found to be a unique and significant predictor of proactive control reaction time, controlling for the other four facets of impulsivity (β = 0.152, p = 0.049).

Conclusions
We found a positive relationship between lack of perseverance and both proactive and reactive cognitive control, indicating that lower perseverance is linked to poorer cognitive control. Impulsivity is a multi-faceted risk-factor that has also been linked to symptoms of dementia and general disinhibition. These findings contribute to the growing literature on how higher impulsivity increases vulnerability to cognitive control deficits.
B - 74 The Effect of Perimenopause on Women’s Executive Functioning: a Systematic Review
Authors: Kardel Devon , Weber Sarah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This systematic review aims to examine the existing literature on the impact of perimenopause/menopause on cognitive function, identify overlaps with adult ADHD symptoms, and provide evidence-based recommendations for distinguishing between the two conditions, guiding clinical practice and identifying considerations for selection of neuropsychological testing with this population.

Data Selection
A search of electronic databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE, will be conducted to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2024. Studies examining cognitive changes during perimenopause/menopause, diagnostic challenges in distinguishing perimenopause/menopause-related cognitive decline from adult ADHD symptoms, and interventions for accurate assessment and management will be included. Data extraction and synthesis will be performed following PRISMA guidelines.

Data Synthesis
The analysis will review a range of literature on the cognitive changes associated with perimenopause/menopause, including deficits in attention, memory, and executive function, which may overlap with symptoms of adult ADHD. Attention will be paid to looking for distinct patterns of cognitive impairment and hormonal profiles between perimenopause/menopause-related cognitive decline and adult ADHD. Various screening tools and neuropsychological assessments will be examined for their utility in differentiating between the two conditions.

Conclusions
The current systematic review, with its focus on the impact of menopause and perimenopause on women’s cognitive functioning, particularly executive functioning, has the potential to significantly advance our understanding in this area. It will be able to provide clinical recommendations and considerations for individuals administering and interpreting neuropsychological testing with this population. Recommendations for best practices will be proposed, potentially revolutionizing the way we approach and manage these conditions.