bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in sexual functioning over the menopausal transition: results from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
Authors: Avis Nancy E. , Colvin Alicia , Karlamangla Arun S. , Crawford Sybil , Hess Rachel , Waetjen L. Elaine , Brooks Maria , Tepper Ping G. , Greendale Gail A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the study was to identify whether there is a decline in sexual functioning related to the menopausal transition or to hysterectomy.

Methods:
In a cohort of 1,390 women aged 42 to 52, with intact uterus and at least one ovary, not using hormone therapy, and pre- or early perimenopausal at baseline, we fit piecewise linear growth curves to 5,798 repeated measurements (seven visits spanning 14.5 y) of a sexual functioning score (range, 5-25) as a function of time relative to date of final menstrual period (FMP) or hysterectomy.

Results:
Mean sexual functioning at baseline in women with a dateable FMP was 18.0 (SD, 3.4). There was no change in sexual function until 20 months before the FMP. From 20 months before until 1 year after the FMP, sexual function decreased by 0.35 annually (95% CI, −0.44 to −0.26) and continued to decline more than 1 year after the FMP, but at a slower rate (−0.13 annually, 95% CI, −0.17 to −0.10). The decline was smaller in African Americans and larger in Japanese than whites. Vaginal dryness, lubricant use, depressive symptoms, or anxiety did not explain decline in sexual function. Women who had a hysterectomy before the FMP did not show a decline in sexual function before hysterectomy, but scores declined afterward (0.21 annually, 95% CI, −0.28 to −0.14).

Conclusions:
Decline in sexual function became apparent 20 months before FMP and slowed 1 year after FMP through 5 years afterward. A decline in sexual function was observed immediately after hysterectomy and persisted for the 5 years of observation.
Bald Spot on the Scalp
Authors: So Jessica Kim , Jacob Sharon E. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Teledermatology is a term to describe the provision of dermatologic medical services through telecommunication technology. In this modality, there is transfer of patient medical information electronically (including history and visual data) obtained in one location to a provider who is in another location (Roman & Jacob, 2015). The construct of this column is such that cases are presented in a standardized teledermatology reader format. This is a case of a bald spot on the scalp.
Effect of Differential Enteral Protein on Growth and Neurodevelopment in Infants <1500 g
Authors: Dogra Shivani , Thakur Anup , Garg Pankaj , Kler Neelam 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to determine whether higher enteral protein intake leads to improved head growth at 40 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) in preterm infants <32 weeks or 1500 g.Methods:Randomized controlled trial in which 120 infants were assigned to either group A with higher enteral protein intake achieved by fortification with higher protein containing fortifier (1 g/100 mL expressed breast milk) or to group B with lower enteral protein intake where fortification was done with standard available protein fortifier (0.4 g /100 mL expressed breast milk).Results:The mean (standard deviation) protein intake was higher in group A as compared to group B; 4.2 (0.47) compared with 3.6 (0.37) g · kg−1 · day−1, P < 0.001. At 40 weeks PMA, the mean (standard deviation) weekly occipitofrontal circumference gain was significantly higher in group A as compared to group B; 0.66 (0.16) compared with 0.60 (0.15) cm/week (mean difference 0.064, 95% confidence interval [0.004–0.123], [P = 0.04]). Weight growth velocity in group A was 11.95 (2.2) g · kg−1 · day−1 as compared to 10.78 (2.6) g · kg−1 · day−1 in group B (mean difference 1.10, 95% confidence interval [0.25–2.07], [P = 0.01]). No difference was observed in the length between the 2 groups. There was no difference in growth indices and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 to 18 months corrected age in the 2 groups.Conclusions:Fortification of expressed human milk with fortifier containing higher protein results in better head growth and weight gain at 40 weeks PMA in preterm infants <32 weeks or 1500 g without any benefits on long‐term growth and neurodevelopment at 12 to 18 months corrected age (CTRI/2014/06/004661).
You Won't Get Me
Authors: Frühauf Sarah , Figlioli Patrick , Caspar Franz 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In psychotherapy, therapist and patient influence each other constantly. We aimed to investigate how therapists respond to patient impression management and influence tactics. For 60 videotaped intake interviews, judges rated therapist responses to patient tactics as neutral, desired, or undesired from the patient perspective. Judges rated the therapist responses in 57% as neutral, in 40% as desired, and in 2% as undesired by the patients. The proportions of response outcomes varied across tactics. Therapist responses were unrelated to therapist and patient sex. Therapist experience was related to their responses to the tactic Supplication. Overall, some patient tactics seem to be more challenging for therapists than others. Awareness of such response tendencies can help therapists prepare their reactions to certain patient impression management and influence tactics. Implications for training and research are presented.
Pilot Study of an Exercise Intervention for Depressive Symptoms and Associated Cognitive-Behavioral Factors in Young Adults With Major Depression
Authors: Nasstasia Yasmina , Baker Amanda L. , Halpin Sean A. , Lewin Terry J. , Hides Leanne , Kelly Brian J. , Callister Robin 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This study assesses the feasibility of integrating motivational interviewing (MI) with an exercise intervention. It also explores patterns of depressive symptom changes (cognitive, affective, and somatic subscales) and their relationship to cognitive, behavioral, and immunological factors (interleukin 6, IL-6, a marker for inflammation) across the exercise intervention. Twelve young adults (20.8 ± 1.7 years) meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder received a brief MI intervention followed by a 12-week exercise intervention. Assessments were conducted preintervention, postintervention, throughout the intervention, and at follow-up. Preliminary results show differential effects of exercise, with the largest standardized mean improvements for the affective subscale (−1.71), followed by cognitive (−1.56) and somatic (−1.39) subscales. A significant relationship was observed between increased behavioral activation and lower levels of IL-6. Despite study limitations, the magnitude of changes suggests that natural remission of depressive symptoms is an unlikely explanation for the findings. A randomized controlled trial has commenced to evaluate effectiveness of the intervention.
Should We Treat a Patient’s Symptoms or Angiography Image in TIA?
Authors: Karpatová Hana , Jankových Jana , Mikulík Robert 
Published: November 2016

Objectives:
Data on vascular status in the first hours after onset of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and its clinical significance are missing. Also, it is not known whether arterial occlusion, if present in TIA, should be the target for revascularization. We present 2 patients to demonstrate that TIA can be due to acute major intracranial arterial occlusion and to show how such arterial occlusion may affect the outcome.

Case reports:
Two patients (54 and 63 years old) were diagnosed with TIA and at the same time had occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. No recanalization therapy was performed, as there was no or minimal neurological deficit. After several hours, the condition of both patients clinically deteriorated. One patient experienced spontaneous recanalization in the first 24 hours and clinical improvement over the subsequent days, resulting in complete resolution of the neurological deficit. The other patient did not recanalize and developed a significant brain infarction as well as hemorrhagic transformation requiring decompression surgery. Over the long term, the patient remained hemiplegic, unable to walk, and dependent on assistance for most activities of daily living.

Conclusions:
The cases presented here raise important questions: (1) How frequently is arterial occlusion present in clinically asymptomatic patients? (2) If occlusion is present but not symptoms, is stroke a more correct diagnosis than TIA? and (3) What would be the benefit of recanalization therapy? Studies addressing these questions should be conducted.
Adult-onset Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome Associated With Ganglionic Acetylcholine Receptor Autoantibody
Authors: Galli Jonathan R. , Clardy Stacey L. , Paz Soldán M. Mateo 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:
Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) may have a toxin induced, parainfectious, or paraneoplastic etiology. Several autoantibodies have been associated with adult-onset OMS, most commonly antineuronal nuclear antibody 2 (Ri), and it is most frequently associated with breast or small cell lung cancer. The nicotinic ganglionic acetylcholine receptor autoantibody (α3-AChR Ab) has not been described in association.

Case Report:
A 46-year-old woman was evaluated for symptoms of oscillopsia, tremor, gait imbalance, and mild cognitive deficits that began 6 weeks prior. Neurological examination demonstrated opsoclonus, myoclonus, and mild gait ataxia. Laboratory evaluation revealed an elevated α3-AChR Ab at 0.27 nmol/L (normal ≤0.02 nmol/L) with no other autoantibodies or infectious etiology detected. Thorough screening revealed no evidence of associated malignancy. Immunotherapy with weekly methylprednisolone led to significant improvement.

Conclusions:
This first reported case of α3-AChR Ab positivity in the setting of adult-onset OMS expands the spectrum of associated autoantibodies. The mechanism of disease may be linked to cholinergic nuclei within the brainstem. This case suggests including α3-AChR Ab in the evaluation of adult-onset OMS, and highlights the importance of further understanding α3-AChR within the brain.
The preservation of archaeological brain remains in a human skeleton
Authors: O'Connor Sonia , Edwards Howell G. M. , Ali Esam M. A. 
Published: November 2016

The identification of biomass within the cranial cavity of a waterlogged human skeleton inside a fish-tailed wooden coffin from a nineteenth century burial has been confirmed as brain tissue. A comparison is made between the Raman spectra obtained in the current study with those from an Iron Age brain found in an isolated cranium dating from about 500 years BCE, the only other Raman spectroscopy study made of human brain recovered from waterlogged, archaeological excavations. The spectra give some surprisingly detailed information about the state of preservation of brain tissue in both burials, especially when it is realized that, unlike preserved bog bodies, no other soft tissue has survived. The biosignatures of proteinaceous brain material are well characterized. The presence of spectral signatures from extraneous cyanobacterial colonization in the depositional site of the Iron Age brain had been construed to be responsible in part for the unusual preservation of brain tissues in the waterlogged environment, but they were not detected in the current study of the nineteenth century brain. The challenges for Raman spectroscopic analysis of biomaterials under these conditions are reviewed in the light of the successful outcome of the experiments.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology’.
Bayesian mapping reveals that attention boosts neural responses to predicted and unpredicted stimuli
Authors: Garrido M. I. , Rowe E. G. , Halász Veronika , Mattingley J. B. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTPredictive coding posits that the human brain continually monitors the environment for regularities and detects inconsistencies. It is unclear, however, what effect attention has on expectation processes, as there have been relatively few studies and the results of these have yielded contradictory findings. Here, we employed Bayesian model comparison to adjudicate between two alternative computational models. TheOppositionmodel states that attention boosts neural responses equally to predicted and unpredicted stimuli, whereas theInteractionmodel assumes that attentional boosting of neural signals depends on the level of predictability. We designed a novel, audiospatial attention task that orthogonally manipulated attention and prediction by playing oddball sequences in either the attended or unattended ear. We observed sensory prediction error responses, with electroencephalography, across all attentional manipulations. Crucially, posterior probability maps revealed that, overall, theOppositionmodel better explained scalp and source data, suggesting that attention boosts responses to predicted and unpredicted stimuli equally. Furthermore, Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) showed that theseOppositioneffects were expressed in plastic changes within the mismatch negativity network. Our findings provide empirical evidence for a computational model of the opposing interplay of attention and expectation in the brain.
Power calculator for instrumental variable analysis in pharmacoepidemiology
Authors: Walker Venexia M , Davies Neil M , Windmeijer Frank , Burgess Stephen , Martin Richard M 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundInstrumental variable analysis, for example with physicians’ prescribing preferences as an instrument for medications issued in primary care, is an increasingly popular method in the field of pharmacoepidemiology. Existing power calculators for studies using instrumental variable analysis, such as Mendelian randomisation power calculators, do not allow for the structure of research questions in this field. This is because the analysis in pharmacoepidemiology will typically have stronger instruments and detect larger causal effects than in other fields. Consequently, there is a need for dedicated power calculators for pharmacoepidemiological research.Methods and resultsThe formula for calculating the power of a study using instrumental variable analysis in the context of pharmacoepidemiology is derived before being validated by a simulation study. The formula is applicable for studies using a single binary instrument to analyse the causal effect of a binary exposure on a continuous outcome. A web application is provided for the implementation of the formula by others.ConclusionsThe statistical power of instrumental variable analysis in pharmacoepidemiological studies to detect a clinically meaningful treatment effect is an important consideration. Research questions in this field have distinct structures that must be accounted for when calculating power.FUNDING STATEMENTThis work was supported by the Perros Trust and the Integrative Epidemiology Unit. The Integrative Epidemiology Unit is supported by the Medical Research Council and the University of Bristol [grant number MC_UU_12013/9]. Stephen Burgess is supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the Wellcome Trust [100114].Key MessagesResearch questions using instrumental variable analysis in pharmacoepidemiology have distinct structures that have previously not been catered for by instrumental variable analysis power calculators.Power can be calculated for studies using a single binary instrument to analyse the causal effect of a binary exposure on a continuous outcome in the context of pharmacoepidemiology using the presented formula and online power calculator.The use of this power calculator will allow investigators to determine whether a pharmacoepidemiology study is likely to detect clinically meaningful treatment effects prior to the study’s commencement.
Enterovirus A119 in a child with Acute Flaccid Paralysis, Nigeria
Authors: Adeniji JA , Oragwa AO , George UE , Ibok UI , Faleye TOC , Adewumi MO 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe oldest EV-A119 record was in 2008 in a chimpanzee in Cameroon and subsequently in more non-human primates and healthy children. Here we report for the first time the detection of EV-A119 in a child with Acute Flaccid Paralysis, thus suggesting possible association with a clinical condition in humans.
Chromosome interactome inferred from mitosis-G1 transition
Authors: Eidelman Y.A. , Slanina S.V. , Aleshchenko A.V. , Andreev S.G. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe progress in experimental techniques aimed at 3D genome study is yet to bring about revelation of basic principles of genome folding. Chromosome conformation capture Hi-C technologies provide genome wide mapping of genomic loci interactions but spatial organization of chromosomes remains unknown. Here, we develop a polymer modeling approach to generate the ensemble of 3D chromosome conformations for mapping genetic loci contacts and the positions of megabase chromosomal domains in interphase chromosome at different time of mitosis-interphase transition. We demonstrate that (*) whole chromosome contact map (interactome) generated for mouse chromosome 18 structure and (**) contact patterns, observed soon after mitotic decondensation and remaining similar during G1, correlate well with the experimental Hi-C contact data. The results suggest that contact map formation and spatial compartmentalization of an interphase chromosome are driven by interactions between different types of domains during formation of globular chromosome state at the end of mitotis-G1 transition.
Metabolic and spatio-taxonomic response of uncultivated seafloor bacteria following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Authors: Handley KM , Piceno YM , Hu P , Tom LM , Mason OU , Andersen GL , Jansson JK , Gilbert JA 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe release of 700 million liters of oil into the Gulf of Mexico over a few months in 2010 produced dramatic changes in the microbial ecology of the water and sediment. Previous 4 studies have examined the phylogeny and function of these changes, but until now a 5 fundamental examination of the extant hydrocarbon metabolisms that supported these 6 changes had not been performed. Here, we reconstructed the genomes of 57 widespread 7 uncultivated bacteria from post spill sediments, and recovered their gene expression 8 pattern across the seafloor. These genomes comprised a common collection of bacteria 9 that were highly enriched in heavily affected sediments around the wellhead. While rare in distal sediments, some members were still detectable at sites up to 60 km away. Many of these genomes exhibited phylogenetic clustering indicative of common trait selection by the environment, and within half we identified 264 genes associated with hydrocarbon degradation. Observed alkane degradation ability was near ubiquitous among candidate hydrocarbon degraders, while just 3 harbored elaborate gene inventories for the degradation of alkanes and (poly)aromatic hydrocarbons. Differential gene expression profiles revealed a spill-promoted microbial sulfur cycle alongside gene up-regulation associated with polyaromatic hydrocarbon degradation. Gene expression associated with alkane degradation was widespread, although active alkane degrader identities changed along the pollution gradient. The resulting analysis suggests a broad metabolic capacity to respond to oil exists across a large array of usually rare bacteria.
Cost analysis of rice milling: a case study of 7 rice mills in Malaysia
Authors: Chung Bonhee , Arshad Fatimah Mohamed , Noh Kusairi Mohd , Sidique Shaufique Fahmi 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the long-run profitability of rice milling operation in Malaysia and see how sensitive it is to changes in paddy purchases, rice recovery ratio and paddy price.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a purposive sampling technique and semi-structured interviews, seven rice mills in Malaysia were selected to obtain data on operational details and business accounts. The paper provides a qualitative and descriptive account of the rice mill’s profitability by using cost curves, a simple linear regression and the Monte Carlo simulation.

Findings
The rice milling operation in Malaysia is profitable in the long run, provided that there is a market for by-products. Large private mills have lower average costs, helping them obtain higher profit margins. Public mills that receive a rice miller subsidy are more protected than small private mills that operate without the rice miller subsidy and under price controls. Changes in paddy purchases, paddy price and recovery ratio affect the profitability to varying degrees.

Research limitations/implications
Incomplete information provided by the interviewees. The analysis result is only a rough estimate. However, it may provide a useful insight into the Malaysian rice milling sector and its competitiveness.

Originality/value
There are few economic studies of the rice milling sector in Malaysia. However, it plays an important role along the rice supply chain. There is a need for better understanding of the industry in order to obtain economic sustainability and effective policies. This paper provides the gap by providing an insight into the long-run profitability of rice milling operation in Malaysia.
Adoption of African indigenous vegetables into agro-pastoral livelihoods for income and food security
Authors: Mshenga Patience Mlongo , Saidi Mwanarusi , Nkurumwa Agnes O. , Magogo Juma Riziki , Oradu Shem Ipomai 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors influencing adoption of African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) into the agro-pastoral farming systems aiming at improving livelihoods.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based upon the diffusion theory which is linked to the random utility theory. A survey of 205 agro-pastoral households obtained through multistage sampling technique was used. Factors influencing adoption of AIVs were estimated using a logit model.

Findings
Findings indicate that the acreage under AIVs was still very low compared to other crop enterprises with the most common types of AIVs grown being Solanum nigrum, Amaranthus spp., Cucurbita maxima, Vigna unguiculata, Basella alba and Cleome gynandra. Factors influencing adoption were found to be gender, age, farm size, education level, off-farm income and number of visits to extension officer.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations include reliance on respondents’ willingness to provide correct information.

Originality/value
This paper adds value in its contribution to literature on diversifying agro-pastoral livelihoods through production of AIVs for income and food security.