bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Expenditure in Older Adults Who Are Frail: A Doubly Labeled Water Study
Authors: Bastone Alessandra de Carvalho , Ferriolli Eduardo , Pfrimer Karina , Moreira Bruno de Souza , Diz Juliano Bergamaschine Mata , Dias João Marcos Domingues , Dias Rosângela Corrêa 
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose:
Frailty is a common and important geriatric syndrome, distinct from any single chronic disease, and an independent predictor of mortality. It is characterized by age-associated decline in physiological reserve and function across multiple systems, culminating in a vicious cycle of altered energy expenditure. The total energy expenditure (TEE) of an individual includes the resting metabolic rate (RMR), the thermic effect of feeding, and the energy expenditure in physical activity (PAEE). The investigation of the energy expenditure of older adults who are frail is essential for better understanding the syndrome. Therefore, we compared the RMR, the PAEE, the physical activity level (PAL), and the TEE of older adults who were frail with those who were not frail.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 26 community-dwelling older adults (66-86 years of age). Older adults in the frail and nonfrail groups were matched for age and gender, and the matched pairs were randomly selected to continue the study. The RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. The TEE was obtained by the multipoint, doubly labeled water method. After collecting a baseline urine sample, each participant received an oral dose of doubly labeled water composed of deuterium oxide and oxygen-18 (2H2
18O). Subsequently, urine samples were collected on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 12th, 13th, and 14th days after the baseline collection and analyzed by mass spectrometry.

Results and Discussion:
The older adults who were frail presented significantly lower PAEE (1453.7 [1561.9] vs 3336.1 [1829.3] kj/d, P < .01), PAL (1.4 [0.3] vs 1.9 [0.6], P = .04), and TEE (7919.0 [2151.9] vs 10442.4 [2148.0] kj/d, P < .01) than the older adults who were nonfrail. There was no difference in their RMRs (5673.3 [1569.2] vs 6062.0 [1891.7] kj/d, P = .57). Frailty has been associated with a smaller lean body mass and with a disease-related hypermetabolic state, which might explain the lack of difference in the RMR. The PAL of the older adults who were frail was below the recommended level for older adults and determined a lower PAEE and TEE when compared with older adults who were not frail.

Conclusion:
This study showed that low energy expenditure in physical activity is a main component of frailty. The PAL of the older adults who were frail was far below the recommended level for older adults.
Effects of a Sprint Interval and Resistance Concurrent Exercise Training Program on Aerobic Capacity of Inactive Adult Women
Authors: Salom Huffman Lorena , Wadsworth Danielle D. , McDonald James R. , Foote Shelby J. , Hyatt Hayden , Pascoe David D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Salom Huffman, L, Wadsworth, DD, McDonald, JR, Foote, SJ, Hyatt, H, and Pascoe, DD. Effects of a sprint interval and resistance concurrent exercise training program on aerobic capacity of inactive adult women. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1641–1648, 2019—The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of high-intensity concurrent exercise training (CET) consisting of sprint intervals (sprint interval training [SIT]) and resistance exercise (RET) protocols on aerobic capacity in recreationally active, adult women. A total of 53 participants were pair-matched according to preliminary maximal aerobic capacity (Vo
2max) Bruce protocol assessment into level-grade (SIT0) or 6% incline (SIT6) groups. This 12-week intervention consisted of 3 CET sessions per week. Sprint interval protocol consisted of 2 (weeks 1–6) then 3 (weeks 7–12) sets of three 40-second sprints at specific intensities to evoke responses equivalent to 95% of age-predicted maximal heart rate interspersed with 20 seconds of rest; with 1 minute of passive recovery between sets. An undulating periodization model consisting of lifts such as the back squat and bench press constituted the RET component. Protocol order alternated each session. Posttraining revealed significant improvements in both SIT0 and SIT6 (p ≤ 0.05) for Vo
2max (2.11 ± 0.390 to 2.29 ± 0.382 L·min−1; 2.03 ± 0.382 to 2.09 ± 0.561 L·min−1), Tmax (490.5 ± 102.3 to 542.7 ± 81.5 seconds; 503.2 ± 75.4 to 541.8 ± 77.0 seconds), and Vmax (5.1 ± 0.92 miles per hour [MPH] to 5.9 ± 0.90 MPH; 4.3 ± 0.68 MPH to 4.9 ± 0.64 MPH), respectively. No significant between-group interactions were detected for any of the variables. Our SIT-based CET intervention represents an effective strategy to induce significant cardiovascular adaptations in older women as evident by aerobic capacity improvements, beneficial to overall health and critical for functionality into old age; an important concern for aging women.
Effects of Energy Beverage Consumption on Pistol Aiming Steadiness in Law Enforcement Officers
Authors: Monaghan Taylor P. , Jacobson Bert H. , Sellers John H. , Estrada Carlos A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Monaghan, TP, Jacobson, BH, Sellers, JH, and Estrada, CA. Effects of energy beverage consumption on pistol aiming steadiness in law enforcement officers. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2557–2561, 2017—The popularity of energy drinks (EDs)/shots (ESs) has grown steadily over the years resulting in billions of dollars of sales annually. Energy drink marketing focuses on the improved performance and alertness and a reduction in fatigue. Although caffeine comprises one of the ingredients, it is not fully known how the combination of the many remaining active ingredients affects physical performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a commercially available ES on pistol aiming steadiness. Subjects (N = 10) consisted of accredited police officers in the Midwest. A randomized, blinded, crossover design was used to evaluate the pistol aiming steadiness after the consumption of an ES or placebo. Pistol aiming steadiness was measured using a hole/stylus steadiness tester and laser attached to a training pistol before and 30 minutes after ES or placebo consumption. Analysis revealed that the ES significantly (p ≤ 0.05) impaired pistol steadiness, whereas the placebo yielded no significant difference in aiming steadiness. Based on these results, it was concluded that the consumption of an ES could compromise aiming accuracy and shot placement, thereby jeopardizing the health and welfare of law enforcement personnel.
Accelerating Wright–Fisher Forward Simulations on the Graphics Processing Unit
Authors: Lawrie David S 
Published: August 2017

AbstractForward Wright–Fisher simulations are powerful in their ability to model complex demography and selection scenarios, but suffer from slow execution on the Central Processor Unit (CPU), thus limiting their usefulness. However, the single-locus Wright–Fisher forward algorithm is exceedingly parallelizable, with many steps that are so-called “embarrassingly parallel,” consisting of a vast number of individual computations that are all independent of each other and thus capable of being performed concurrently. The rise of modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and programming languages designed to leverage the inherent parallel nature of these processors have allowed researchers to dramatically speed up many programs that have such high arithmetic intensity and intrinsic concurrency. The presented GPU Optimized Wright–Fisher simulation, or “GO Fish” for short, can be used to simulate arbitrary selection and demographic scenarios while running over 250-fold faster than its serial counterpart on the CPU. Even modest GPU hardware can achieve an impressive speedup of over two orders of magnitude. With simulations so accelerated, one can not only do quick parametric bootstrapping of previously estimated parameters, but also use simulated results to calculate the likelihoods and summary statistics of demographic and selection models against real polymorphism data, all without restricting the demographic and selection scenarios that can be modeled or requiring approximations to the single-locus forward algorithm for efficiency. Further, as many of the parallel programming techniques used in this simulation can be applied to other computationally intensive algorithms important in population genetics, GO Fish serves as an exciting template for future research into accelerating computation in evolution. GO Fish is part of the Parallel PopGen Package available at: http://dl42.github.io/ParallelPopGen/.
TURISMO Y TERRITORIO: ACTIVIDAD TURISTICA DE LA RESERVA NATURAL LAGUNA DE APOYO
Authors: Mena-García Berta Adilia , Jirón-García Alfonso Blas 
Published: August 2017

Se estudia la Reserva Natural La Laguna de Apoyo, como un recurso turístico localizado en el municipio de Catarina, Departamento de Masaya, Nicaragua. Originada como producto de una portentosa erupción volcánica hace aproximadamente 23,00 años, posee una extensión es de 3,500 hectáreas. Sus componentes son la zona de amortiguamiento que comprende el valle de la laguna y la zona núcleo conformada por la laguna y laderas montañosas. Como recursos culturales se observan elementos conformados por: miradores, petroglifos, talleres de artesanía, jardines e iglesias. Los recursos naturales están constituidos por: la laguna, laderas cratericas, la flora y la fauna. Las actividades turísticas incluyen visitas a miradores, caminatas por los senderos, avistamiento de flora y fauna, natación, pesca, visitas a talleres y jardines y las fiestas religiosas. Como metodología para la obtención de la información se hicieron consultas bibliográficas, visitas comunitarias, aplicación de encuestas, entrevistas y guías de observación. Las encuestas se realizaron a turistas nacionales y extranjeros, y las entrevistas a líderes comunales y responsables de Instituciones. Los principales hallazgos la mayoría de turistas que visitaron la reserva son profesionales o estudiantes universitarios, la laguna es la principal atracción de los turistas y según los encuestados la infraestructura turística de la reserva es muy buena.
Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) among Kurdish children in Sulaimani City, Iraq
Authors: Noori Arass , Hussein Shokhan 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of molar incisor hypomineralisation among Kurdish children in Sulaimani City, Iraq.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on primary school students in Sulaimani City. A total of 2346 Kurdish children aged 7 to 9 years old were examined; 1194 (50.9%) males and 1152 (49.1%) females, enrolled in 20 primary public schools. The index teeth were evaluated using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria for MIH.
Results: The prevalence of MIH was found to be 18.2% where no statistically significant association was found with age or gender (P>0.05). Multiple teeth involvement (13.2%) was more common than a single molar involvement (5.1%). The mean number of the affected index teeth with MIH per affected child was (3.1). Mild defects were present in 64.1% of the affected teeth with demarcated creamy-white opacities were the most common finding (33.3%).
Conclusion: It’s been found that MIH is a prevalent pathology among Kurdish children in Sulaimani City which could result in a large number of children continuously seeking professional dental treatment. Therefore, dental practitioners who deal with child patients could encounter such cases and should be aware of the treatment choices and management protocols for coping with this particular condition.
A retrospective panoramic study for alveolar bone loss among young adults in Sulaimani City, Iraq
Authors: Zardawia Faraedon , Aboud Alaa 
Published: August 2017

Objective: to determine the prevalence of alveolar bone crest loss among a selected sample of archival orthopantomography (OPG) in relation to number of sites affected and gender in Sulaimani City.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with an inclusive period running from March to December 2007 to determine the prevalence of alveolar bone loss among 1072 subjects on panoramic radiographs. Panoramic images were sampled at the radiological archive of Dental School Hospital–University of Sulaimani for a selected age class ranged from 17 to 30 years. Bone loss was estimated by measuring the distance from cementoenamel junction (CEJ) minus 2 mm (physiologic high of interseptal alveolar crest) to the crest of the alveolar bone at sites with reduced normal level of interseptal bone. Total bone loss was divided into two groups according to number of sites affected; group one (1-3) sites showing bone loss per panoramic radiograph, and group 2 showing bone loss at more than 3 sites. Samples were also divided into two age groups; group one from 17 to 23 years and group two from 24 to 30 years. Moreover, bone loss was determined according to gender into male and female and number of sites affected for each gender.
Results: results showed that 347 images – 30.2% of the total images showed bone loss at one site or more. 14.6% of the images revealed bone loss at 1-3 sites, whereas, 15.6% demonstrated bone loss at more than 3 sites. Percentage of bone loss was significantly higher (P=0.001) among group two (24-30 years old group) than group one (17-23 years old group) 38% against 25% respectively. Female’s radiographs recorded a non-significantly higher (P>0.05) bone loss than male’s radiographs 31.7% against 28.7% respectively.
Conclusion: prevalence of bone loss among young adults in Sulaimani City was relatively high compared to other published reports. There was a predilection for female. Bone loss was more prevalent at (24-30 years old group) compared to (17-23 years old group).
Fluoride concentration of well water in different areas of Sulaimani province
Authors: Khursheed Dler , Abdulateef Darwn , Fatah Ara , Rauf Aras 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: To determine the amount of fluoride concentration in well water of different places in Sulaimani province, Iraq.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-two samples of well water were taken from different areas in Sulaimani Province. The areas are different from the geographical point of view. The water samples were directly taken from the wells pumps. Each sample was filtered through a 0.45 µm and 47 mm diameter membrane filter before analyzing by ion chromatography machine. The machine had been standardized for fluoride ion by using Dionex seven anion standard to allow the machine is reading fluoride ions within these certain concentrations. Anion identification is based on the comparison of analyte signal peak retention times relative to those of known standards. Quantitation is accomplished by measuring the peak area and comparing it to a calibration curve generated from known standards.
Results: All the 22 samples had shown the very low amount of fluoride concentration. The maximum concentration was 0.157 mg/l, and the minimum concentration was zero mg/l.
Conclusion: The fluoride ions in the samples taken from different sources of well water in Sulaimani province had shown concentrations that could not provide any benefits for the purpose of caries prevention.
β-catenin expression in perilesional area of different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hamied Marwa 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: Background: Multistep carcinogenesis discusses a stepwise accumulation of alterations, both genotypic and phenotypic. Arresting one or several of the steps may disturb or delay the development of cancer. Current guidelines describe histopathologic margin of >5 mm as “clear margin” and 1-5 mm as “close margin”. β-catenin plays a critical structural role in mediating cadherin junctions and is also an essential transcriptional co-activator in the canonical Wnt pathway. A predictor marker is needed to confirm the clearance of margins surrounding a resected tumor. The current study aim is to assess β-catenin expression at the perilesional area of OSCC and relate such expression to OSCC histopathological grading.
Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical evaluation of β-catenin expression at the perilesional area of 25 OSCC and ten normal oral mucosae from archival paraffin blocks was done. The sections were assessed according to the ability of surface epithelium at the perilesional area of OSCC in showing normal expression pattern of β-catenin in the oral mucosa.
Results: Normal oral epithelium showed strong β-catenin expression at the cell membrane, but no cytoplasmic or nuclear expression. There was no significant difference between the immunoreactivity for β-catenin in the perilesional area of the different histological grade of OSCCs.
Conclusion: β-catenin expression does not represent a valuable tool to predict the free margin.
Patient's Satisfaction with Orthodontic Treatment in Sulaimani City
Authors: Mahmood Trefa , Khalel Mohamed 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The aim of the study: The objective of this study is to evaluate the patient’s satisfaction with orthodontic treatment for a sample of orthodontic patients treated in Sulaimani city and identify the possible factors that may affect the satisfaction with their dentition and profile after treatment. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study where 581 patients had consecutively completed active orthodontic treatment in Sulaimani Governorate, those patients were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires, only 500 patients were included (178 males and 322 females; mean age, 25.5; standard deviation [SD], 9.5. All the patients were treated with full fixed appliances, some in combination with removable and functional appliances. (57.2%) were very satisfied with the orthodontist, (33.8%) were very satisfied with improvement in the facial appearance, 80.8% were very satisfied with improvement in alignment of teeth, 24.8% were very satisfied with improvement in chewing, 43% were very satisfied with improvement in cleaning, 24 4.8% were very satisfied with the color of the teeth, 29% were very satisfied with the speech quality, 32.4% were very satisfied with the total treatment time, 39.8% were very satisfied with the number of visits per month, 8.4% were very satisfied with time that one appointment lasts, 1.4% were very satisfied with waiting time at each appointment, 21.8% were very satisfied with the service of orthodontic staff in clinic or hospital. Conclusions: Personality and satisfaction were correlated, but no correlation was found between gender and patient satisfaction. Also, patients with high neuroticism scores who treated orthodontically were linked with lower levels of satisfaction with the dentition. Beside satisfaction with oral comfort, general performance, eating capacities, and pain dimensions during orthodontic treatment had definitive effects on total satisfaction. On the other side, most of them were unsatisfied with waiting for each appointment.
The effect of cartoon on the immediate motor executive function of 4-6 year old children
Authors: Sanketh . , Kommu Peter Prasanth Kumar , Solomon Susan , Krishnan Lalitha , S. Saravanan , K. Ravichandran 
Published: August 2017

Background: Children’s television viewing has been of concern to parents, educators and health care providers for almost as long as the television itself has been in existence. Objective of present study was to investigate the effect of cartoon viewing on the immediate motor executive function of 4-6 year old children.Methods: 279 children, aged 4-6 year old children were administered the Seguin Form board test to confirm they were all developmentally equal. These children were then randomly assigned to watch a fast paced television cartoon, a slow paced cartoon or colour an image. Following this they were then given 3 tasks to assess motor executive function, including the colour match, 4 two piece puzzle and separating coloured beads. The time taken to complete the task was noted and the data was analyzed.Results: Children who watched the fast-paced cartoon performed slower on the motor executive function tasks than the children in the other two groups. (p<0.001).Conclusions: Even ten minutes of viewing a fast paced television cartoon had immediate negative effects on 4-6 year old children’s motor executive function. Parents should be aware that fast paced cartoon shows could at least temporarily impair young children’s motor executive function.
Comparative study of knowledge and practices of childhood immunization among health care providers in Meerut, India
Authors: Verma Garima , Pathak Umesh 
Published: August 2017

Background: Immunization laid a major milestone in preventive practices in childhood diseases and decreasing mortality rates. However, despite of such impressive immunization programme we are not able to achieve our targeted goals on time. Lack of awareness of immunization practices amongst our health care providers can be one of the reasons behind this.Methods: Total 300 participants were included in study divided into three groups A, B and C (pediatricians, allopathic practitioners and health providers at PHC respectively). A self-administered questionnaire in English comprising of questions related to knowledge and practices of immunization were given to all participants. Their responses were analyzed and assessed for level of knowledge in each field and then compared with other groups.Results: In the present study, nearly half of the participants were >50 yrs and it was observed that percentage of correct knowledge was decreasing with increasing age of participants. Correct immunization schedule was known by all the participants. Correct knowledge regarding immunization of unvaccinated child reporting at 1-2 years of age was maximum amongst group A and minimum amongst group C (P≤0.05). Correct knowledge about use of Refrigerator for vaccine storage and storage temperature of vaccine was also satisfactory in group A (92%) (p<0.001).Conclusions: After analyzing all responses we can fairly conclude from this study that overall knowledge of immunization practices amongst health care providers was not satisfactory which emphasizes on need of continuous training and supervision of health care providers dealing with immunization.
Management of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a prospective study of 30 patients
Authors: Khot Sunil N. , G. Priyadarshini , Kunnumal Ayisha 
Published: August 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is sensorineural hearing loss of 30 dB or more over at least three contiguous audiometric frequencies that develop over a period of few hours to three days. The purpose of study is to make a protocol for treatment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 30 cases of sudden SNHL who presented to OPD of Government Medical College, Miraj between December 2015 to April 2017 were included. Detailed history taking and ENT examination was done. All patients were admitted and started on intravenous methylprednisolone. If hearing improvement was not observed, intratympanic methylprednisolone (ITS) was administered. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 50% patients had recovery with intravenous Methylprednisolone and 50% had no recovery. “No recovery” patients were subjected to ITS, of which 20% had complete, 30% partial and 50% no recovery. Among no recovery patients of ITS, 10% had hearing loss greater than 90 dB with improvement rate of 0%; 40% had hearing loss of 90 - 50 dB with improvement rate of 50%; 50% had hearing loss of 50-30 dB with improvement rate of 60%. Among 15 cases of ITS, mean number of days between onset of symptom and starting ITS was 13 days for complete recovery patients; 17.3 days for partial or slight recovery; 20.6 days for no recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Hearing loss less than 90 dB and earlier ITS has positive influence on hearing recovery. Systemic steroids are currently the mainstay of initial treatment. ITS is an effective treatment modality for patients who fail to respond to systemic steroids.</p>