bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verification of Barriers in a Suspension or Abandonment Phase
Authors: Bruce Thomas 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Installing and testing a new deep wellbore barrier in older assets has proven to be challenging, especially when previously installed devices are difficult to remove from the well. When a new barrier is installed in close proximity to the old device, it makes it extremely hard to assure integrity of the upper barrier due to the small volume that exists between the two. Only by measuring the pressure between the devices can the integrity of the newer barrier be correctly verified.
Isolating a reservoir by installing a deep barrier, complete with Barrier Verification System (BVS), then logging the pressure across the barrier, will give much quicker assurance that the barrier has in fact isolated the reservoir.
The BVS consists of a pressure sensor with a wireless transmitter attached below the barrier. The receiver is included in the setting tool above the barrier to be tested and wirelessly records the pressure from below the installed barrier. An additional pressure sensor in the receiver forms part of the tool to provide an accurate pressure over the established barrier. The receiver can transfer real time data on e-line to surface, or be deployed in memory mode for slickline or other intervention methods.
As part of the barrier verification the setting log from the Electronic Setting Tool (EST) is recorded. This data is part of the integrity verification package to the operator. Data can be verified against an extensive database of previous logs taken from products across our range. In wells where tubing condition is not mapped, the EST log can confirm if the load profile of the barrier is correct and has been set within its setting range.
A major North Sea Operator made significant operational savings by being able to conduct their deep-set barrier verification using this technology across 11 wells with an average integrity test time of 50 minutes. Traditional chart recorder document methods require stable pressure at surface to confirm the barrier's integrity. The time required to achieve stable recordable condition on surface is normally significantly longer, due to free gas and introduction of colder test fluid in the well column.
This paper will look at the operational use and savings obtained with the technology, the savings and enhanced reliability with documented installation profiles in execution of a multi-well suspension operations in the North Sea, and the behavior and stability of the well before and after the intervention operations.
Human Factors; How to be Proactive in a Reactive World
Authors: Taylor Emily , Clark Neil 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The Step Change in Safety Human Factors Workgroup strive to improve the basic knowledge and understanding of human factors to ensure related risks are properly managed and controlled. The objective of this paper is to highlight the ability to do this proactively through engagement with the workforce through lunch and learns, webinars, cross-industry sharing and self-assessment tools. Step Change in Safety have developed an online self-assessment tool to help organisations in the oil and gas industry gauge how effective they are at addressing human factors issues. This tool has enabled companies to identify areas of strengths to expand upon, and points of weakness to develop further, to overall enhance their safety performance. Human Factors in the oil and gas industry continues to hold an element of mystery to most of the offshore workforce who see it as an emotional exercise to discuss how they feel rather than physical barriers which could save their lives if considered properly. The Step Change tool dives into this unknown area to gain insight at an industry level and identifies areas to focus the efforts of the data-driven Human Factors Workgroup. Essentially, this work is a proactive way to address potentially catastrophic ‘unknown unknowns’ (as per Donald Rumsfield) and make human factors accessible to all. The online tool has been used more than 5,000 times by workers on and offshore and this paper will explore the three most popular themes it has identified; Fatigue, Managing Human Failures and Training and Competence. This paper will examine the results and showcase examples where companies have made a proactive change as a result of intelligence gained from this tool, as a strong example of how to be proactive in a reactive world. Furthermore, this paper will put the ‘human’ into human factors in the oil and gas environment and discuss proactivity in a climate where cost efficiency often means that reaction is the first line of defence.
Sureflex JIP : The Latest Flexible Pipe Operational Experience and Integrity Management Guidance
Authors: MacLeod I. , Picksley J. , Cruickshank K. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The Sureflex joint industry project (JIP) has focussed, and delivered, on improving industry knowledge and understanding relating to flexible pipe integrity management. The JIP has compiled global damage and failure statistics for flexible pipes across the industry and, in parallel, gathered comprehensive population statistics. The JIP also presents an extensive review and assessment of flexible pipe inspection and monitoring technologies. Furthermore, the work has reported integrity management good practice and guidance, summarised areas of current technology development focus, and shared operator case studies relating to flexible pipe integrity management.
The JIP has been widely supported by collaborative engagement with industry operators, manufacturers, inspection / monitoring vendors, engineering contractors, certification bodies, and regulatory authorities of unbonded flexible pipe systems. This paper shares the key findings of the JIP with the wider industry. The JIP report includes more detailed statistics, analysis, and guidance, now publically available following the publication by Oil & Gas UK in 2017, Ref. [1].
Flexible pipe technology and experience is still relatively young when compared to the operational experience of rigid (metallic) pipeline systems. Nevertheless, overall damage and failure statistics demonstrate that, even though new failure modes are being observed as the technology matures, the failure probability rates for flexible pipe have been in decline since the mid-1990s. In addition, review of independent studies indicates that flexible pipe loss of containment rates in fact compare favourably with rigid pipe, when considering incident rates per installed pipe.
However, it is considered likely that the damage and failure rates relating to late-life failure mechanisms, such as corrosion, fatigue and ancillary equipment ageing, may not yet have reached a stable equilibrium. There is now some limited experience of fatigue failure in dynamic riser systems, where previous studies did not identify any in-service experience relating to this mechanism, and a similarly marked increase in corrosion related incidents in recent years. To this extent, it is apparent that continued operator vigilance needs to be maintained for systems entering late life and that developments in inspection and monitoring technologies can increasingly be utilised to support risk-based decision making.
Utilizing Original Equipment Manufacturers to Reduce HSE Risk in Field Operations
Authors: Davis Mitchell , Blair Stephen 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
With an estimated 152,000 jobs lost in the oilfield service sector since mid-2014 and the anticipated recovery of the industry in 2017-2018; is the industry ready for an interdependent culture between service companies and original equipment manufacturers (OEM) to reduce the bullwhip effect of rapid on boarding? The workforce of 2017 is much leaner and more specialized with both OEMs and service companies retaining the best and brightest. A rapid increase in rig count driven by higher oil prices will trigger hiring by both OEMs and service companies. What if each focused on where they deliver the most value: service companies in field operations and OEMs in building and maintaining the equipment?
Total recordable incident rate is a key driver in supplier selection and industry data shows the incident rate is directly correlated to years of service. Given a long enough time horizon, a zero-accident rate could be achieved across both equipment maintenance and field operations. What if service companies could focus on just field operations? Could zero be achieved faster? Could a more intimate relationship between the OEM and service company lower the overall cost of operations by reducing errors and extending the life of the equipment? Profit at the cost of safety and over hiring as demand for equipment and services increases will be key to the success of both OEMs and service companies. This paper will explore an alternative to "the way we always did it."
The three main aspects this paper will focus on are: Historical HSE statistics associated with boom and bust cycles, training for the next boom, and a new business model where OEMs take on a more proactive approach to the safety of the equipment they provide. We will explore the correlation of employees with less than twelve months of experience and accident rates, which has been observed during previous downturns. Competency on the maintenance of equipment is historically achieved through hands on learning: will the trained employees that were laid off return? The traditional teaching employed by OEMs will be explored and we will highlight that a better method is possible. And finally, a new business model that ties in all safety and training will be presented as we prepare for the next cycle.
Well Placement and Geological Evaluation of a North Sea Horizontal Water Injector Using LWD Technology
Authors: Walmsley Arthur , Ward Maria , Staermose Thomas , von Brockdorff Adam , Linnet Peter , Wendorff Maj , Johansen Kent , Petersen Jorn 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
During the late life of the Siri field in the Danish North Sea, an infill water injection well was drilled to provide enhanced reservoir sweep and to help improve tail-end field production. Dynamic reservoir modeling indicated that a down-dip horizontal water injector on the southwestern flank of the field using injection inflow control devices (ICDs) could provide the necessary uplift for producers near the crest of the field.
The Siri field is characterized as a high permeability, remobilized glauconitic sand package comprising multiple stacked and amalgamated sand bodies deposited from high density gravity flows in the Paleocene-Eocene Siri fairway. Seismic, well logging, and production data indicate that fluid flow is influenced by vertical and horizontal baffling. The internal flow channeling and baffle effects are likely caused by a combination of siliciclastic diagenesis, subseismic faulting, and multiple calcite-cemented paleo oil/water contacts. These baffles are capable of maintaining significant pressure differentials. They consequently have a major effect on field scale horizontal permeability and reservoir sweep efficiency. During the last decade of drilling horizontal development wells in the Siri area, Dong Energy has obtained extensive in-house experience and knowledge in the use of deep reading resistivity technology for reservoir mapping, as well as in positioning long horizontal development wells in challenging settings, such as ultra-thin reservoirs sands and thin oil columns.
This paper discusses the well placement and geological evaluation of the Siri reservoir with regard to the acquired logging while drilling (LWD) data, which includes resistivity inversion, neutron porosity/bulk density imaging, and formation pressure measurements. The well trajectory was adjusted in real time to reduce footage exposure to tight facies, as well as to identify fluid boundaries related to the flow channeling present within the reservoir. Borehole resistivity inversion provides evidence that the mineralized permeability barriers are not always high-angle features.
This paper also discusses insights into the Siri reservoir geology in light of the horizontal well data acquisition program and potential implications for future ICD behavior.
Spare Part Inventory Optimisation
Authors: Jeavons Daniel , Chaudry Amjad , Jones Wayne , Park Tim , Ramani Hari 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Operators of Oil & Gas assets have long struggled with the issue of managing so-called "safety stocks" of spare part inventory. Within Shell, this problem sits within the materials management discipline whichcovers the ordering, storage and utilisation of material assets such as subsea facility equipment or pipeline parts. Across all assets globally, Shell carries a huge stock of such items which ties up large quantities of working capital. Observations over time have noted significant issues such as unrealistic supplier lead times, rising inventory levels and associated carrying cost for some assets, andincreasing demands on warehouse space in certain locations.
In response to these challenges, over the past 2 years an interdisciplinary project team has produced a tool, based on advanced analytical methods, that helps assets optimise stock levels and purchase strategies. This approach reduces the risk of deferment due to stock outs and prevents excessive stock carrying costs. It also supports on-time execution of maintenance schedules and so helps to maximise asset uptime.
Analysis of the Clinical Outcome of Arthrographic Steroid Injection for the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis
Authors: Tucker Allison , Christina Hiscox , Saad AlQahtani , Bicknell Ryan 
Published: August 2017

Background:Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis is a condition of uncertain etiology characterized by pain and decreased shoulder range of motion (ROM) that occurs without a known intrinsic disorder. Many treatments have been advocated, yet the best option remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine if arthrographic injection of the shoulder joint with steroid and local anesthetic results in decreased pain and increased shoulder function in a cohort of patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis.Methods:This is a retrospective case series of patients who were treated with an arthrographic steroid and local anesthetic injection for adhesive capsulitis. The injections were all given by the same musculoskeletal radiologist using image guidance, and the patients were all from the same surgeon's practice. Patients were evaluated with the Shoulder Pain and Disability Questionnaire (SPADI) and Constant Shoulder Score and their shoulder ROM was tested. Descriptive statistics in the form of counts, percentages, means and standard deviations were used, as well as parametric and non-parametric tests.Results:Thirty-three shoulders in 25 patients were examined. The average length of follow-up was 17 months. Sixty-nine percent of the cohort continued to complain of some shoulder pain in the post-injection follow-up clinic, however, their pain had improved from 8.8/10 pre-injection to 2.2/10 post-injection (p=0.01). The average score of the SPADI Pain, SPADI Disability and Constant Score were 36, 31 and 64, respectively.Conclusion:All patients who received an arthrographic injection using steroid and local anesthetic reported improved pain and mobility. In addition, those who had tried other treatment modalities felt that the injection had been the most beneficial.
Wart Immunotherapies: A Short Review
Authors: Sefcik Ryan S. , Burkhart Craig G. 
Published: August 2017

Objective:
To review the efficacy and costs of various contact immunotherapies, contact allergens, intralesional immunotherapies, and intralesional cytotoxic agents for the treatment of recalcitrant warts.

Background:
Cutaneous warts are common viral skin lesions caused by human papillomavirus that can be challenging to treat and frustrating for physicians and patients. Although several treatment options exist, there is no single treatment that can ensure a complete response with lack of lesion recurrence. Immunotherapies for recalcitrant warts present as a cost-effective, efficient therapy option for patients. Intralesional approaches have the added benefit of affecting warts at locations distant to the target location by inducing a systemic T-cell mediated response in the body.

Results:
Various contact immunotherapies, contact allergens, intralesional immunotherapies, and intralesional cytotoxic agents have shown to be effective in treating warts. The costs of each treatment varies drastically from around $10 US to over $1000 US to achieve a complete response. Several antigens were found to be both efficacious and cost effective.

Conclusion:
Although efficacy of several antigens has been confirmed by randomized studies, more randomized comparative studies will need to be performed in order to determine the best antigen and correct standardized doses for the treatment of warts in individual patients. It is important to note that individual response to antigen type and dose may vary among patients. Therefore, further studies may play an important role in the use of immunotherapies in a clinical setting.
La transformación de la estrategia en la era de la conversación
Authors: Román Muñoz Olga Herminda , Patiño Vargas César Augusto 
Published: August 2017

Con el objetivo de identificar los elementos que permiten la alineación de la estrategia competitiva con la estructura y la cultura organizacional, se hace el estudio en seis superetes [anglicismo de los EE. UU., de super(mercado) y el sufijo diminutivo –ete, ‘micromercado’, ‘tienda de autoservicio’ (nota del editor)] ubicados en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia, bajo la metodología de estudio de caso, durante el periodo comprendido entre octubre de 2011 y julio de 2013. Se parte de la hipótesis que en este tipo de negocios debe existir algún modelo de planeación estratégica formal que les ha permitido ser competitivos y adaptables a los cambios, porque a pesar de la entrada de grandes y modernas superficies multinacionales, estos han seguido un proceso de consolidación y crecimiento expansivo. Sin embargo, a diferencia de un modelo formal, uno de los resultados más importantes encontrados en la investigación, tiene que ver con la imperativa necesidad de mirar las organizaciones con un enfoque sistémico y considerar la transformación del concepto de estrategia desde un cimiento de orden cultural, porque estamos frente a un nuevo tipo de personas, llámense empleados, consumidores u otro grupo de partes interesadas, que interactúan por los medios en la denominada era de la conversación.
Reseña: Dimensiones de la Seguridad
Authors: Vivas Cortés Omar Augusto 
Published: August 2017

Los análisis que presenta este libro en torno a la seguridad hacen parte de las reflexiones académicas realizadas por un grupo de docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales de la Universidad de La Salle en Bogotá, Colombia. Reflexiones que tienen unas profundas raíces en el compromiso con la situación de la región, con la convicción de que la academia y la economía como ciencia social, deben contribuir a la comprensión y transformación de la realidad. A través de todas estas reflexiones se plantean algunas posturas que desde la ciencia económica derivan en la necesidad de una visión integrada de los estudios de seguridad, distinto a una segmentación del conocimiento que limite el ámbito de aplicación de los mismos. De tal manera se pretende sentar las bases para un debate que hasta ahora inicia, el que debe propender por la creación de nuevos y más fuertes eslabones conceptuales que permitan zanjar las brechas conceptuales planteadas por los estudios estrictamente disciplinares.
Análisis de la información de gestión administrativa reportada en el departamento de Santander (2012-2015)
Authors: Sierra Sierra Maria Lucia 
Published: August 2017

Este estudio permitió revisar y analizar cada uno de los componentes de la gestión administrativa, respecto de la información reportada en los informes de empalme por cada uno de los 81 municipios de sexta categoría del Departamento de Santander. Para la elaboración de este trabajo, se utilizaron los métodos de indagación y revisión de las páginas Web de los 81 municipios de sexta categoría, partiendo de una revisión de la literatura, sustentada en conceptos y enfoques de la administración pública, de los procesos de descentralización, democratización y modernización y los conceptos de gobernanza y gobernabilidad. Desde una visión exploratoria y descriptiva y orientada a la identificación de fenómenos propios de la gestión administrativa local, expresada a través de los informes de empalme de la gestión del cuatrienio 2012-2015
Un aplauso y dos críticas al agro colombiano
Authors: Osío Uribe Héctor Guillermo , Cortes Martinez Ariel Emilio 
Published: August 2017

¿Son posibles los mínimos vitales en la Colombia bicentenaria? Una investigación abierta aborda esta pregunta y motiva la escritura de críticas y otros textos que proponen solución inmediata al tema del hambre colombiana. El quid de la cuestión es: ¿nuestra institucionalidad y nuestros conceptos sirven o contradicen la seguridad alimentaria? Si aspiramos a que Colombia avance hacia una decisión colectiva que garantice a cada una de sus familias, sea reconocida inmediatamente, cada persona, en su dignidad humana, incluso reducida ésta a su mínima expresión material, los mínimos vitales, en el camino de lucha: la visión hegemónica, sus conceptos y praxis deben ser evidenciados. Daremos una leve mirada institucional. Luego, una conceptual. Y plantearemos una propuesta: apostar por la construcción colectiva de un imaginario, no tanto para afrontar la visión hegemónica que garantiza los juegos del hambre sino para construir, en nuestra realidad: soberanía alimentaria y seguridad humana.
Simulação em processo de triagem de materiais recicláveis
Authors: De Oliveira Keith Novais , Tokumori Juliana Keiko , Andrade Daniele Minucelli Cazorla , Maiellaro João Roberto 
Published: August 2017

A simulação tem sido tema de muitas pesquisas devido à sua aplicabilidade em diversos seguimentos, assim como, a logística reversa é um conceito que tem sido notado no meio acadêmico. Este estudo aborda a simulação aplicada à uma central de triagem mecanizada de materiais recicláveis coletados na cidade de São Paulo, com o objetivo de demonstrar que é possível usá-la em diferentes processos e cenários, e com esta ferramenta pode-se realizar alterações para análise e proposta de uma melhoria ou mesmo mudança. A metodologia é caracterizada como exploratória, pelo fato de proporcionar uma visão do sistema com possibilidade de alterações, além da pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevista e análise de exemplos. O método empregado foi a abordagem hipotético-dedutiva. A técnica utilizada foi a observação direta intensiva onde obteve-se informações e aspectos da realidade, examinando fatos do objeto de estudo. As análises deste estudo foram atribuídas aos relatórios do software Arena versão 14.7. Como resultado obteve-se melhorias diante de um novo cenário proposto. Entende-se que a simulação é relevante para auxiliar o gerenciamento de processos e, na tomada de decisão, podem-se alterar os panoramas e otimizar os recursos para encontrar o maior aproveitamento. O tratamento de resíduos gerados por grandes cidades é importante pois, ao reciclar, o volume enviado aos aterros sanitários é reduzido, o que contribui para o melhor uso dessas áreas, e menor utilização dos recursos naturais existentes.