bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change and antibiotic resistance: A scoping review
Authors: Fernández Salgueiro María , Cernuda Martínez José Antonio , Gan Rick Kye , Arcos González Pedro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis scoping review aimed to investigate the potential association between climate change and the rise of antibiotic resistance while also exploring the elements of climate change that may be involved. A scoping review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, comprehensively searching scientific literature up to 31 January 2024. Multiple databases were utilized, including MEDLINE, Web of Science and SCOPUS. Various search strategies were employed, and selection criteria were established to include articles relevant to antibiotic resistance and climate change. The review included 30 selected articles published predominantly after 2019. Findings from these studies collectively suggest that rising temperatures associated with climate change can contribute to the proliferation of antibiotic resistance, affecting diverse ecosystems. This phenomenon is observed in soil, glaciers, rivers and clinical settings. Rising temperatures are associated with a rise in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance across various environments, raising concerns for global health. However, these studies provide valuable insights but do not establish a definitive causal link between environmental temperature and antibiotic resistance. The selective pressure exerted by antibiotics and their residues in ecosystems further complicates the issue.
Headstarting boosts population of a threatened wader, the black‐tailed godwit
Authors: Donaldson L. , Hughes R. , Smart J. , Jarrett N. S. , Burgess M. D. , Batey C. , Dessi N. , Hilton G. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMeasures to boost populations can help ensure population persistence in the short‐term while longer‐term conservation interventions take effect. Headstarting, involving the collection of wild early life‐stage individuals, rearing in captivity, and release into a new or existing population once independent, has recently been identified as a potential translocation technique to assist small breeding populations of waders declining due to low levels of productivity. However, the demographic rates of headstarted individuals have not been quantified, and their impact on target populations not understood, which is required to determine the efficacy of this technique as a tool for species recovery. Between 2017 and 2022, headstarting was trialled as a tool to supplement the critically small sub‐population of black‐tailed godwit (Limosa limosa limosa) breeding at the Ouse Washes, Eastern England. We demonstrate that a high survival rate for eggs and chicks can be achieved through artificial incubation and hand‐rearing, and that headstarting can substantially increase the overall productivity of a small population. Using survival analysis and mixed effects modelling, we show that apparent survival and breeding success of headstarted individuals is comparable to wild‐reared conspecifics. The survival rate of released birds was sufficient to significantly boost the breeding population, reaching over five times the number of breeding pairs at the release site during the trial. Providing demographic rates remain the same, the number of godwits breeding at the Ouse Washes is predicted to continue to increase moderately over the next 20 years. This study highlights the potential of headstarting to boost small populations of breeding waders, and demonstrates the value of this technique to assist with the recovery of threatened populations when there is a clear justification that headstarting can negate the effects of population limiting factors.
Understanding early reproductive failure in turtles and tortoises
Authors: Lavigne A. , Bullock R. , Shah N. J. , Tagg C. , Zora A. , Hemmings N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTurtles and tortoises (Order Testudines) are facing an extinction crisis, and ecosystems are at risk of collapsing with the loss of key roles they play. Hatching failure is a crucial barrier to population growth and persistence, but its causes are poorly understood, and it is unknown whether fertilization rates are declining as many populations become smaller and more female‐biased. Here, we show that very few studies of turtle and tortoise hatching success consider fertilization rates, and those that do use unreliable methods to determine egg fertility. We also show that studies of hatching success are biased towards marine turtles, as opposed to freshwater and terrestrial species, and wild rather than captive populations. To address the lack of reliable methods for assessing fertilization rates in turtles and tortoises, a microscopy‐based method (originally designed for bird eggs) for detecting perivitelline membrane (PVM) bound sperm and embryonic nuclei in the germinal disc of unhatched eggs has been developed and tested (in turtle and tortoise eggs). We demonstrate that this method provides unequivocal evidence of egg fertilization in five different turtle and tortoise species from both captive and wild populations, even after eggs have been left in wild nests for the full incubation period. This methodological approach represents a valuable tool for monitoring egg fertility and embryo survival rates in turtles and tortoises, with the potential to provide important insights into the underlying drivers of reproductive failure in threatened captive and wild populations.
Business ethics, law and zemiology: The criminology of social and environmental harm
Authors: Klimecki Robin , Parker Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis speculative paper introduces zemiology, an extension of radical criminology which explores why many ‘crimes’ are not ‘illegal’ by focussing on the problem of ‘social harm’. Zemiology insists that we should begin with social or environmental problems, and not allow their foreclosure by the distraction of whether a particular practice is legal or illegal, or defined as ethical or unethical. We argue that business ethics might learn from zemiology's attempt to radicalise criminology, particularly in terms of thinking about forms of procedural or restorative justice that might encourage corporations to claim responsibility for systemic harms rather than externalising them.
Modernizing Canada's Electoral System: What Drove the Creation of the National Register of Electors?
Authors: Catney Ryan , Kingsley Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn 1997, Canada reformed its system of voter registration, adopting a permanent voters list. Existing accounts fail to adequately account for the political dynamics motivating the Chrétien government's decision to adopt a register. After decades of development in policy circles, a register was championed by policy entrepreneurs as a solution to growing problems with the enumeration system. Drawing on data from the parliamentary record, and the first‐hand experience of an Elections Canada official, this article argues that the pivotal factor in winning political support for the adoption of a register was the shortened electoral calendar it enabled.
Systematic conservation prioritization with the prioritizr R package
Authors: Hanson Jeffrey O. , Schuster Richard , Strimas‐Mackey Matthew , Morrell Nina , Edwards Brandon P. M. , Arcese Peter , Bennett Joseph R. , Possingham Hugh P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPlans for expanding protected area systems (prioritizations) need to fulfill conservation objectives. They also need to account for other factors, such as economic feasibility and anthropogenic land‐use requirements. Although prioritizations are often generated with decision support tools, most tools have limitations that hinder their use for decision‐making. We outlined how the prioritizr R package (https://prioritizr.net) can be used for systematic conservation prioritization. This decision support tool provides a flexible interface to build conservation planning problems. It can leverage a variety of commercial (e.g., Gurobi) and open‐source (e.g., CBC and SYMPHONY) exact algorithm solvers to identify optimal solutions in a short period. It is also compatible with a variety of spatially explicit (e.g., ESRI Shapefile, GeoTIFF) and nonspatial tabular (e.g., Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet) data formats. Additionally, it provides functionality for evaluating prioritizations, such as assessing the relative importance of different places selected by a prioritization. To showcase the prioritizr R package, we applied it to a case study based in Washington state (United States) for which we developed a prioritization to improve protected area coverage of native avifauna. We accounted for land acquisition costs, existing protected areas, places that might not be suitable for protected area establishment, and spatial fragmentation. We also conducted a benchmark analysis to examine the performance of different solvers. The prioritization identified 12,400 km2 of priority areas for increasing the percentage of species’ distributions covered by protected areas. Although open source and commercial solvers were able to quickly solve large‐scale conservation planning problems, commercial solvers were required for complex, large‐scale problems.. The prioritizr R package is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). In addition to reserve selection, it can inform habitat restoration, connectivity enhancement, and ecosystem service provisioning. It has been used in numerous conservation planning exercises to inform best practices and aid real‐world decision‐making.
ESG Ratings and Dividend Changes: Evidence From the Initiation of Nonfinancial Agency Coverage
Authors: Tsang Albert , Wang Yujie , Xiang Yi , Yu Li 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueThis paper examines whether the coverage of nonfinancial rating (NFR) agencies affects corporate dividend policy.Research Findings/InsightsWe argue that dividend payout may decrease (increase) if NFR agencies provide information that reduces (increases) shareholder–manager agency (shareholder–stakeholder) conflict. We find that the coverage by an NFR agency is followed by an increase in dividends. This result is more pronounced for firms with more influential shareholders, poorer financial performance, and greater ESG commitment. We corroborate our findings using the acquisitions of NFR agencies and the expansion of NFR agencies' coverage as two main exogenous shocks. Lastly, our results hold for both US firms and non‐US firms.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsCollectively, this paper supports that the ESG ratings made available by NFR rating agencies following their rating coverage increase shareholder–stakeholder conflict to a greater extent than its effect on reducing shareholder–managers agency conflict.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur paper delivers critical insights to regulators striving to comprehend the functions of NFR agencies within the capital market more effectively. Such an understanding can further support their efforts to formulate new guidelines suitable for the burgeoning and swiftly evolving industry of NFR agencies.
Analysis of the waitlist performance and post‐transplant outcomes of lung transplant in elderly recipients in Korea: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Jang Jin Ho , Kim Do Hyung , Son Bong Soo , Park Jong Myung , So Min Wook , Lee Daesup , Jeon Doosoo , Kim Yun Seong , Cho Woo Hyun , Yeo Hye Ju 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of information on the waitlist performance and post‐transplant outcomes of lung transplants in elderly recipients in Korea.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed and analyzed data from the Korean Network for Organ Sharing database between March 2010 and August 2023.ResultsIn total, 2574 patients were listed for lung transplantation during the study period, with 511 (19.9%) of them being over 65 years of age. Among these, 188 patients (36.8%) underwent transplantation, while 184 patients (36%) passed away without undergoing transplantation at the time of data extraction. The most prevalent underlying disease on the waitlist was idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, accounting for 68.1%. The 1‐year survival rate was significantly lower in the elderly compared to that in the nonelderly (65.4 vs. 75.4%;p = .004). In the multivariate Cox analysis, elderly (hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.14–1.97;p = .004) and a high urgent status at registration (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.40–2.40;p < .001) were significantly associated with post‐transplant 1‐year mortality. Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated a significant difference in post‐transplant mortality based on the urgency status at enrollment (χ2 = 8.302,p = .016). Even with the same highly urgent condition at the time of transplantation, different prognoses were observed depending on the condition at listing (χ2 = 9.056,p = .029).ConclusionThe elderly exhibited worse transplant outcomes than nonelderly adults, with a highly urgent status at registration identified as a significant risk factor. Unprepared, highly urgent transplantation was associated with poor outcomes.
Differential functions of phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinases in neurotransmission and synaptic development
Authors: Richter Gorey Claire L. , St. Louis Alexandria P. , Chorna Tetyana , Brill Julie A. , Dason Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhosphoinositides, such as PI(4,5)P2, are known to function as structural components of membranes, signalling molecules, markers of membrane identity, mediators of protein recruitment and regulators of neurotransmission and synaptic development. Phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinases (PI4Ks) synthesize PI4P, which are precursors for PI(4,5)P2, but may also have independent functions. The roles of PI4Ks in neurotransmission and synaptic development have not been studied in detail. Previous studies on PI4KII and PI4KIIIβ at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction have suggested that PI4KII and PI4KIIIβ enzymes may serve redundant roles, where single PI4K mutants yielded mild or no synaptic phenotypes. However, the precise synaptic functions (neurotransmission and synaptic growth) of these PI4Ks have not been thoroughly studied. Here, we used PI4KII and PI4KIIIβ null mutants and presynaptic‐specific knockdowns of these PI4Ks to investigate their roles in neurotransmission and synaptic growth. We found that PI4KII and PI4KIIIβ appear to have non‐overlapping functions. Specifically, glial PI4KII functions to restrain synaptic growth, whereas presynaptic PI4KIIIβ promotes synaptic growth. Furthermore, loss of PI4KIIIβ or presynaptic PI4KII impairs neurotransmission. The data presented in this study uncover new roles for PI4K enzymes in neurotransmission and synaptic growth.
Temperature and light timing effects on diapause progression in Daphnia magna
Authors: Chen Luxi , Gómez Rocío , Horstmann Martin , Weiss Linda C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Diapause is a survival strategy for freshwater crustaceans in the genus Daphnia that involves a genetically encoded inhibition of organism growth, development and reproduction. While the environmental triggers for Daphnia to produce diapause‐destined embryos and those that induce hatching are well documented, the influence of environmental challenges during different diapause sub‐phases remains unexplored.

In this study, we exposed diapause‐destined embryos of Daphnia magna to different temperatures and light conditions during designated diapause sub‐phases.

Our results underscore the importance of the maternal environment for the embryos that are in preparation for diapause. Moreover, we demonstrate a period of obligate developmental arrest during which reinitiation of development cannot be triggered. Additionally, we illustrate the embryos' ability to adjust hatching in response to environmental changes during the hatching process.

This study reveals the inherent developmental pattern in Daphnia embryos as they progress through diapause and their adaptability to environmental changes.
Capsaicin modulates TRPV1, induces β‐defensin expression, and regulates NF‐κB in oral senescent cells and a murine model
Authors: Ikuyo Yoriko , Yokoi Haruna , Wang Jingshu , Furukawa Masae , Raju Resmi , Yamada Mitsuyoshi , Aoki Yu , Matsushita Kenji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAging is associated with a decline in oral immune function, marked by reduced levels of antimicrobial peptides such as defensins. Capsaicin, a bioactive component found in chili peppers, has been theorized to modulate immune responses through specific receptor pathways. This study examined the effects of aging on oral defensin levels and the potential mitigating role of capsaicin, mediated by the immune response in oral tissues. We conducted a comparative analysis between young and aged mice, with or without capsaicin supplementation, for 3 months. The effect of capsaicin was also studied in vitro in senescence‐induced human oral keratinocytes. We found that aging did not reduce defensin levels uniformly but did so in some instances. Capsaicin treatment increased defensin levels in these cases, potentially through transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1)‐mediated pathways in the oral cavity. Capsaicin supplementation may counteract age‐related declines in oral defensin levels, enabling the maintenance of oral immune function during aging.
Thrombospondins: Conserved mediators and modulators of metazoan extracellular matrix
Authors: Adams Josephine C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis review provides a personal overview of significant scientific developments in the thrombospondin field during the course of my career. Thrombospondins are multidomain, multimeric, calcium‐binding extracellular glycoproteins with context‐specific roles in tissue organisation. They act at cell surfaces and within ECM to regulate cell phenotype and signalling, differentiation and assembly of collagenous ECM, along with tissue‐specific roles in cartilage, angiogenesis and synaptic function. More recently, intracellular, homeostatic roles have also been identified. Resolution of structures for the major domains of mammalian thrombospondins has facilitated major advances in understanding thrombospondin biology from molecule to tissue; for example, in illuminating molecular consequences of disease‐causing coding mutations in human pseudoachrondroplasia. Although principally studied in vertebrates, thrombospondins are amongst the most ancient of animal ECM proteins, with many invertebrates encoding a single thrombospondin and the thrombospondin gene family of vertebrates originating through gene duplications. Moreover, thrombospondins form one branch of a thrombospondin superfamily that debuted at the origin of metazoans. The super‐family includes additional sub‐groups, present only in invertebrates, that differ in N‐terminal domain organisation, share the distinctive TSP C‐terminal region domain architecture and, to the limited extent studied to date, apparently contribute to tissue development and organisation. Finally, major lines of translational research are discussed, related to fibrosis; TSP1, TSP2 and inhibition of angiogenesis; and the alleviation of chronic cartilage tissue pathologies in pseudoachrondroplasia.
NONSTANDARD CHOICE IN MATCHING MARKETS
Authors: Caspari Gian , Khanna Manshu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe explore the possibility of designing matching mechanisms that can accommodate nonstandard choice behavior. We pin down the necessary and sufficient conditions on participants' choice behavior for the existence of stable and incentive‐compatible mechanisms. Our results imply that well‐functioning matching markets can be designed to adequately accommodate a plethora of choice behaviors, including the standard behavior consistent with preference maximization. To illustrate the significance of our results in practice, we show that a simple modification in a commonly used matching mechanism enables it to accommodate nonstandard choice behavior.
Identification of psoriasis‐associated immune marker G3BP2 through single‐cell RNA sequencing and meta analysis
Authors: Gao Shuangshuang , Fan Huayu , Wang Ting , Chen Jinguang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic skin disease with an increasing prevalence each year. However, the mechanisms underlying its onset and progression remain unclear, and effective therapeutic targets are lacking. Therefore, we employs an innovative approach by combining single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) with meta‐analysis. This not only elucidates the potential mechanisms of psoriasis at the cellular level but also identifies immunoregulatory marker genes that play a statistically significant role in driving psoriasis progression through comprehensive analysis of multiple datasets. Skin tissue samples from 12 psoriasis patients underwent scRNA‐seq, followed by quality control, filtering, PCA dimensionality reduction, and tSNE clustering analysis to identify T cell subtypes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in psoriatic skin tissue. Next, three psoriasis datasets were standardised and merged to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied for clustering analysis of gene co‐expression network modules and to assess the correlation between these modules and DEGs. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to select disease‐specific genes and evaluate their diagnostic value. Single‐cell data revealed nine cell types in psoriatic skin tissue, with seven T cell subtypes identified. Intersection analysis identified ADAM8 and G3BP2 as key genes. Through the integration of scRNA‐seq and Meta analysis, we identified the immunoregulatory marker gene G3BP2, which is associated with the onset and progression of psoriasis and holds clinical significance. G3BP2 is speculated to promote the development of psoriasis by increasing the proportion of CD8+ T cells.
Aspergillus fumigatus‐derived gliotoxin impacts innate immune cell activation through modulating lipid mediator production in macrophages
Authors: Günther Kerstin , Nischang Vivien , Cseresnyés Zoltan , Krüger Thomas , Sheta Dalia , Abboud Zahraa , Heinekamp Thorsten , Werner Markus , Kniemeyer Olaf , Beilhack Andreas , Figge Marc Thilo , Brakhage Axel A. , Werz Oliver , Jordan Paul M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGliotoxin (GT), a secondary metabolite and virulence factor of the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, suppresses innate immunity and supports the suppression of host immune responses. Recently, we revealed that GT blocks the formation of the chemotactic lipid mediator leukotriene (LT)B4 in activated human neutrophils and monocytes, and in rodents in vivo, by directly inhibiting LTA4 hydrolase. Here, we elucidated the impact of GT on LTB4 biosynthesis and the entire lipid mediator networks in human M1‐ and M2‐like monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) and in human tissue‐resident alveolar macrophages. In activated M1‐MDMs with high capacities to generate LTs, the formation of LTB4 was effectively suppressed by GT, connected to attenuated macrophage phagocytic activity as well as human neutrophil movement and migration. In resting macrophages, especially in M1‐MDMs, GT elicited strong formation of prostaglandins, while bacterial exotoxins from Staphylococcus aureus evoked a broad spectrum of lipid mediator biosynthesis in both MDM phenotypes. We conclude that GT impairs functions of activated innate immune cells through selective suppression of LTB4 biosynthesis, while GT may also prime the immune system by provoking prostaglandin formation in macrophages.