bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radioanatomical evaluation of the subtympanic sinus in children under five years old and its clinical implications - high resolution computed tomography study
Authors: Wojciechowski Tomasz , Szeliga Stanisław , Skadorwa Tymon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate subtympanic sinus (STS) and its vicinity in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans of children under five years old with non-diseased temporal bones.

Material and method
We divided the whole group into children under 24 months of age (first stage of pneumatisation development) and between 25 and 60 (second stage). We have determined the width of the entrance to STS, depth of the STS, type in relation to facial nerve according to Anschuetz classification, the pneumatisation of posterior and medial air cell tracts, and jugular bulb position. All the HRCTs (280 temporal bones) were analyzed according to the multiplanar reconstruction protocol with symmetrization.

Results
STS’s mean width and depth were 2.71 ± 0.60 mm and 3.26 ± 1.11 mm, respectively. The most common STS type was type A (59.3%), followed by type B (30.7%) and type C (10%). The posterior air cell tract (retrofacial cells) was present in 39.3%. The medial air cell tract (hypotympanic cells) was present in 30.7% The jugular bulb position affected the final shape of STS in 17.5%.

Conclusion
The results support the necessity of the classification for the STS. Our study may help with surgical planning regarding endoscopic ear procedures and gives a broader understanding of how pneumatization or jugular bulb might correlate with the final shape of the retrotympanum. The historical remarks track the term’s origin for clarity in research and respect for earlier investigators.
Photorhabdus viridis sp. nov. Isolated from Heterorhabditis zealandica Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Authors: Machado Ricardo A. R. , Malan Antoinette P. , Abolafia Joaquín , Ewany Jaspher , Bhat Aashaq Hussain , Stock S. Patricia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA novel bacterial species, Photorhabdus viridis sp. nov., represented by strain GreenT, isolated from Heterorhabditis zealandica MJ2C entomopathogenic nematodes, is described. Phylogenetic reconstructions using 16S rRNA gene sequences show that strain GreenT is closely related to P. thracensis DSM 15199 T. The 16rRNA gene sequences of these two strains are 98.8% identical. Phylogenetic reconstructions using whole-genome sequences show that strain GreenT is closely related to P. tasmaniensis DSM 22387 T, P. thracensis DSM 15199 T, and P. temperata DSM 14550 T. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain GreenT and its three more close relative species, P. tasmaniensis DSM 22387 T, P. thracensis DSM 15199 T, and P. temperata DSM 14550 T, are 49%, 59%, and 59%, respectively. In addition, average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between GreenT and P. tasmaniensis DSM 22387 T, P. thracensis DSM 15199 T, and P. temperata DSM 14550 T are 92.4%, 94.4%, and 94.6%, respectively. The novel species also differs in their biochemical capacities from the biochemical capacities of their more closely related taxa. The following biochemical tests may be particularly useful in this context: Arginine dihydrolase, gelatinase, and glucose and mannitol oxidation. Given the clear phylogenetic separation, the sequence divergence values, and the phenotypic differences, we conclude that strain GreenT represents a novel bacterial species, for which we propose the name Photorhabdus viridis sp. nov. with GreenT (= CCM 9407 T = CCOS 2117 T = MJ2CT) as the type strain. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the taxonomy and biodiversity of an important bacterial group with great biotechnological and agricultural potential.
Cutaneous ureterostomy following robot-assisted radical cystectomy: a multicenter comparative study of transperitoneal versus retroperitoneal techniques
Authors: Sasaki Yutaro , Yamamoto Yasuyo , Fukuta Kyotaro , Izumi Kazuyoshi , Kadoriku Fumiya , Daizumoto Kei , Shiozaki Keito , Tomida Ryotaro , Kusuhara Yoshito , Fukawa Tomoya , Yanagihara Yutaka , Yamaguchi Kunihisa , Izaki Hirofumi , Takahashi Masayuki , Okamoto Kenjiro , Yamanaka Masahito , Furukawa Junya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in perioperative outcomes between transperitoneal and retroperitoneal techniques in cutaneous ureterostomy (CUS).

Methods
Between 2018 and 2023, 55 patients underwent CUS following robot-assisted radical cystectomy. Among the 55 patients, we compared 33 patients who underwent transperitoneal CUS (t-CUS) and 22 who underwent retroperitoneal CUS (r-CUS).

Results
Compared with the r-CUS group, the t-CUS group had significantly shorter operative times (p < 0.001); significantly less estimated blood loss (p < 0.001); and significantly lower incidence of complications (Clavien–Dindo classification grade ≤ 2) within 30 days (p = 0.005). Unexpectedly, the incidence of ileus within 30 days was lower, though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.064). During the median follow-up period of 24.3 months, no ileus was observed in either group after 30 days postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the stent-free rate between the groups (p = 0.449). There were also no significant differences in the rates of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate from preoperatively at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively between the groups (p = 0.590, p = 0.627, p = 0.741, and p = 0.778, respectively).

Conclusions
Compared with r-CUS, t-CUS was associated with a shorter operative time and lower incidence of perioperative complications, including gastrointestinal complications. We believe that t-CUS can be performed safely and effectively.
Root exudation patterns of contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines in response to P limitation
Authors: Schwalm Henning , Staudinger Christiana , Hajirezaei Mohammad-Reza , Mundschenk Eva , Golestanifard Alireza , Holz Maire , Wissuwa Matthias , Oburger Eva 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Main conclusion
Rice exudation patterns changed in response to P deficiency. Higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production. Total carboxylate exudation rates mostly decreased under P-limiting conditions.

Abstract
Within the rhizosphere, root exudates are believed to play an important role in plant phosphorus (P) acquisition. This could be particularly beneficial in upland rice production where P is often limited. However, knowledge gaps remain on how P deficiency shapes quality and quantity of root exudation in upland rice genotypes. We therefore investigated growth, plant P uptake, and root exudation patterns of two rice genotypes differing in P efficiency in semi-hydroponics at two P levels (low P = 1 µM, adequate P = 100 µM). Root exudates were collected hydroponically 28 and 40 days after germination to analyze total carbon (C), carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic compounds spectrophotometrically and carboxylates using a targeted LC–MS approach. Despite their reported role in P solubilization, we observed that carboxylate exudation rates per unit root surface area were not increased under P deficiency. In contrast, exudation rates of total C, carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolics were mostly enhanced in response to low P supply. Overall, higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production in the P-inefficient genotype Nerica4, whereas the larger root system with lower C investment (per unit root surface area) in root exudates of the P-efficient DJ123 allowed for better plant growth under P deficiency. Our results reveal new insights into genotype-specific resource allocation in rice under P-limiting conditions that warrant follow-up research including more genotypes.
A chronological catalog of methods and solutions in the Space–Time Computational Flow Analysis: II. Isogeometric analysis
Authors: Tezduyar Tayfun E. , Takizawa Kenji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This is Part II of a two-part article that serves as a chronological catalog of the methods and solutions in the Space–Time Computational Flow Analysis (STCFA). In Part I, we focused on the methods and solutions in finite element analysis. Here, we focus on the methods and solutions in isogeometric analysis (IGA). The methods we cover include the ST-IGA and ST Slip Interface method. The first-of-its-kind solutions we cover include the flapping-wing aerodynamics with the wing motion coming from an actual locust, ventricle-valve-aorta flow analysis with patient-specific aorta and realistic ventricle and leaflet geometries and motion, and car and tire aerodynamics with near-actual car body and tire geometries, road contact, and tire deformation. These and the other first-of-its-kind solutions covered show how the STCFA brought solutions in so many classes of challenging flow problems.
The effectiveness of exercise and/or nutritional interventions to improve the quality of life of women with breast cancer receiving radiation therapy: a scoping review
Authors: Feighan Laura , MacDonald-Wicks Lesley , Callister Robin , Surjan Yolanda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCurrently, in Australia, 1 in 8 women are diagnosed with breast cancer. A common adjuvant treatment for breast cancer is radiation therapy (RT). The amalgamation of side effects caused by RT treatment can ultimately affect a patient’s quality of life (QoL). With increasing breast cancer survival, a greater focus on the non-lethal consequences of this disease and its treatment is warranted. Exercise and nutrition have proven beneficial in promoting and supporting overall health and managing chronic diseases. Furthermore, exercise has demonstrated improvement and sustainment to QoL. The focus of this scoping literature review was to determine the scale of evidence regarding the effectiveness of exercise and/or nutritional interventions for women with breast cancer receiving radiation therapy. An online search of five databases was conducted to identify studies published between 2000 and 2023. The 58 studies included in the scoping review comprised 46 interventions and 4615 women with breast cancer who received radiation therapy participated. Most studies (90%; n = 52) were ‘exercise only’ based, 3% (n = 2) were ‘nutrition only’, and the remaining 7% (n = 4) of studies were combined exercise and nutrition interventions. The findings from this review highlight most studies are dedicated to investigating exercise. Further research is required to fully understand the potential benefits of these interventions and their synergistic impact on the quality of life of women with breast cancer receiving radiation therapy.
Evaluation of clinical and radiographic warning signs for prediction of oroantral communication following tooth extractions
Authors: Jurásek Alexandra , Farkas Nelli , Frank Dorottya , Kolarovszki Béla , Sándor Balázs , Radácsi Andrea , Szántó Ildikó , Katona Krisztián 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Oroantral communication (OAC) is a relatively common and mild complication of maxillary tooth extractions. Preoperative prediction of OAC can reduce treatment duration and prepare both operators and patients for the procedure. This study aims to identify alarming radiographic and clinical indicators that can predict OAC therefore assisting clinical decision making to practicing general dentists.

Methods
In this retrospective case–control study the OAC group consisting of 97 cases and a control group twice the size was established. Clinical data were collected, and measurements were conducted separately by two blinded observers on digital panoramic radiographs. Inter-rater reliability was assessed. In case of disagreement a third observer’s results were utilized. The correlation between OAC and demographic data (age, sex), as well as various factors assessed on panoramic radiographs (including, but not limited to, the length of the root, root projection into the sinus, bone width, presence of mesial and distal adjacent teeth), was statistically evaluated.

Results
Inter-rater reliability was found to be excellent. Several factors were identified as potential predictors of OAC. According to our model, the strongest predictors were the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and marginal bone, extent of root projection into the sinus, presence of sinus recess around the roots, angulation, and absence of the mesial adjacent tooth.

Conclusions
Well-defined measurements on panoramic radiographs may aid in predicting OAC. Further prospective investigations are necessary to confirm these indicators and address factors related to clinical examination and operation.

Clinical relevance
We present several clinical and radiographic warning signs of OAC that can facilitate pre-extraction decision-making.
Correlation of screen exposure to stress, learning, cognitive and language performance in children
Authors: Hahnefeld Andrea , Fink Monika , Le Beherec Saskia , Baur Marie Anna , Bernhardt Katharina , Mall Volker 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe omnipresence of mobile screens and convenience to operate them has led to increased screen time for young children whereas the sequelae of prolonged exposure are not known yet. 70 refugee children (RG) and 111 children of a clinical comparison group (CG) from a help-seeking population (age: M = 5.10; SD = 1.11; range 3.00–6.97 years) were assessed concerning their amount of daily screen exposure time in relation to parental education and distress. Salivary cortisol was collected as a marker for biological stress and children were tested concerning learning performance, non-verbal IQ and vocabulary with the Kaufmann Assessment Battery for Children (KABC-II). Language skills were assessed in educator rating. The amount of children’s screen exposure was negatively related to parental education and positively to distress. In the CG, higher amounts of screen time were associated with elevated cortisol levels and lower learning scores. On both measures, the RG and CG only differed in the condition of screen time less than one hour/day, for higher amounts of screen time the CG approached the more problematic scores of the RG. Whereas in the whole sample the amount of screen time was negatively correlated to language performance, it was not correlated to non-verbal IQ-scores. As a higher amount of media exposure in our clinical comparison group is associated with elevated biological stress, decreased learning and lower language performance, it should be classified as a relevant environmental factor and regularly considered in clinical assessments of children and therapeutical interventions, especially in vulnerable subgroups. German clinical trials register, registration number: DRKS00025734, date: 07–23-2021.
Tuning the geometry of porous alumina layers via anodization in mixtures of different acids
Authors: Świerkula Aleksandra , Zaraska Leszek 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPorous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) layers have been obtained by two-step anodization of high-purity Al in two types of acid mixtures, i.e., in H2C2O4–H3PO4 and, for the first time, in H2SO4–H3PO4 systems. The kinetics of oxide formation was examined by monitoring the current vs. time curves while the morphology of the resulting layers was carefully verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A special emphasis was put on establishing correlations between electrolyte composition, the kinetics and effectiveness of oxide growth, and the morphological features of AAO layers (pore and cell diameter, porosity), as well as pore arrangement. It was confirmed that the addition of H3PO4 to both H2C2O4 and H2SO4 electrolytes results in a significant decrease in oxide growth rate, and worsening of pore arrangement, while the values of pore diameter and interpore distance are much less affected. Moreover, the presence of a small amount of phosphoric acid in the reaction mixture allowed for a noticeable increase in pore ordering if anodization was carried out beyond the self-ordering regime, or performing controlled anodization even at voltages at which the burning phenomenon is typically observed. It is strongly believed that manipulating the electrolyte composition by adding another acid may provide another degree of freedom to control the morphology of the resulting nanostructured alumina layers.
Background predation risk induces anxiety-like behaviour and predator neophobia in zebrafish
Authors: Thapa Himal , Salahinejad Arash , Crane Adam L. , Ghobeishavi Ahmad , Ferrari Maud C. O. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Prey face a major challenge in balancing predator avoidance with other essential activities. In environments with high risk, prey may exhibit neophobia (fear of novelty) due to the increased likelihood of novel stimuli being dangerous. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is an established model organism for many scientific studies. Although spatial and object neophobia in zebrafish have received previous attention, little is known about the role of background risk in inducing neophobia in zebrafish. Here, we present two experiments using zebrafish to explore whether background predation risk can induce anxiety-like behaviour in a novel environment and neophobic responses when exposed to a novel odour. Over five days, we repeatedly exposed zebrafish to either high background risk in the form of chemical alarm cues (i.e., injured conspecific cues that indicate a predator attack) or a low-risk water control stimulus. In Experiment 1, when tested in a novel tank, zebrafish exposed to high predation risk displayed anxiety-like responses (reduced activity and increased bottom time spent) compared to their low-risk counterparts. Moreover, high-risk individuals showed reduced intra-session habituation to the novel tank compared to low-risk individuals. In Experiment 2, high-risk individuals exhibited fear responses toward a novel odour, unlike low-risk individuals. These results reveal that short-term repeated exposures to high risk can induce anxiety-like behaviour and predator odour neophobia in zebrafish.
The Development of the Confianza Scale–Spanish: A Culturally Responsive Tool for Latine Relationship Building
Authors: Silverio Nicole , Gutierrez Daniel , Mullen Patrick R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Latines are the largest ethnic minority group in the United States, making up nearly one-fifth of the population. Despite experiencing similar rates of mental health issues as the dominant culture, however, Latines are notably less likely to seek treatment. Prior research has linked this reluctance to cultural mistrust, and some scholars have underscored the significance of confianza, a cultural value, in promoting Latine mental health engagement. Using a survey research methodology with a sample of 278 Latines, this study examines the psychometric properties and factor structure of the newly developed Confianza Scale–Spanish (CS-S), an instrument designed to quantitatively assess for confianza between clients and their mental healthcare providers. Study results provided initial evidence for the validity and reliability of the CS-S and indicated that confianza may be a single-factor construct. Clinical and research implications within the counseling field are discussed.
Five definitions of adsorption and their relevance to the formulation of dynamic mass balances in gas adsorption columns
Authors: Turner Jarrett S. , Ebner Armin D. , Ritter James A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNumerous dynamic mass balances in the literature that describe the adsorption of gases in a column are written in terms of actual or absolute adsorption, while unwittingly and incorrectly utilizing excess adsorption isotherms. Perhaps this is because the actual and absolute adsorption isotherms cannot be experimentally measured nor predicted without making uncertain assumptions. The objective here was to derive unambiguous relationships between actual, absolute, excess, net and column amounts adsorbed that provide a straightforward understanding of the subtle differences between these quantities and that provide a simple means for incorporating them into dynamic mass balances. For this purpose, the actual, absolute, excess, net and column amounts adsorbed (loadings) were clearly defined, along with various volumes, porosities and densities that exist inside and outside an adsorbent contained in a column with a gaseous adsorbate. These adsorption definitions and quantities were used to derive four interconversion relationships for each type of adsorption in terms of the actual loading. The resulting expressions, based on intensive properties, can be used to relate any adsorption definition to any other adsorption definition. These relationships were also used to derive five dynamic mass balances, one for each type of adsorption. The similarities and differences in the terms between each of these five dynamic mass balances were discussed, along with their applicability to real world problems. In some cases at low pressure where the isotherms do not differ appreciably, it may be approximately correct to use excess or net adsorption isotherms in a dynamic mass balance written in terms of actual or absolute adsorption. However, the extent of the incorrectness is unknown due to mass transfer effects. So, it is recommended to use the dynamic mass balance with its specific type of adsorption, most likely excess adsorption. Then, when certain assumptions are made about the adsorbing and non-adsorbing void fractions, these expressions can be readily used in adsorption process simulation.
Ethical use of artificial intelligence based tools in higher education: are future business leaders ready?
Authors: Mumtaz Sabiha , Carmichael Jamie , Weiss Michael , Nimon-Peters Amanda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examined the ethical use of Artificial Intelligence-based Tools (AIT) in higher education, focusing on graduate business students. Drawing from a diverse sample of students from the United States of America (USA) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the research explored how cultural values shaped perceptions and behaviors towards ethical use of AIT. Structural Topic Modeling (STM), a machine learning technique to identify themes in open-ended responses, was used to assess the influence of culture as a covariate. Culture was classified into ten clusters comprising a group of countries, and findings were interpreted using Hofstede’s cultural framework. The study revealed significant variations in ethical perceptions across cultural clusters. For example, students from the Southern Asia cluster viewed the use of AIT to answer questions as more ethical, while students from Latin Europe were less likely to perceive it as ethical. Conversely, students from Latin Europe were more inclined to consider the use of AIT to understand concepts as ethical, compared to their Southern Asian counterparts. The findings highlight the importance of understanding cultural perceptions when integrating AIT in higher education. Addressing a significant gap in the existing educational literature, this research contributes to the broader discussion on the ethical implications of AI in education and offers practical strategies for fostering a culturally sensitive and inclusive approach while utilizing a novel methodology within the field.