bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising technology to measure functional vision, mobility and service outcomes for people with low vision or blindness: protocol for a prospective cohort study in Australia and Malaysia
Authors: Deverell Lil , Meyer Denny , Lau Bee Theng , Al Mahmud Abdullah , Sukunesan Suku , Bhowmik Jahar , Chai Almon , McCarthy Chris , Zheng Pan , Pipingas Andrew , Islam Fakir M Amirul 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionOrientation and mobility (O&M) specialists assess the functional vision and O&M skills of people with mobility problems, usually relating to low vision or blindness. There are numerous O&M assessment checklists but no measures that reduce qualitative assessment data to a single comparable score suitable for assessing any O&M client, of any age or ability, in any location. Functional measures are needed internationally to align O&M assessment practices, guide referrals, profile O&M clients, plan appropriate services and evaluate outcomes from O&M programmes (eg, long cane training), assistive technology (eg, hazard sensors) and medical interventions (eg, retinal implants). This study aims to validate two new measures of functional performance vision-related outcomes in orientation and mobility (VROOM) and orientation and mobility outcomes (OMO) in the context of ordinary O&M assessments in Australia, with cultural comparisons in Malaysia, also developing phone apps and online training to streamline professional assessment practices.Methods and analysisThis multiphase observational study will employ embedded mixed methods with a qualitative/quantitative priority: corating functional vision and O&M during social inquiry. Australian O&M agencies (n=15) provide the sampling frame. O&M specialists will use quota sampling to generate cross-sectional assessment data (n=400) before investigating selected cohorts in outcome studies. Cultural relevance of the VROOM and OMO tools will be investigated in Malaysia, where the tools will inform the design of assistive devices and evaluate prototypes. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch modelling, cluster analysis and analysis of variance will be undertaken along with descriptive analysis of measurement data. Qualitative findings will be used to interpret VROOM and OMO scores, filter statistically significant results, warrant their generalisability and identify additional relevant constructs that could also be measured.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee at Swinburne University (SHR Project 2016/316). Dissemination of results will be via agency reports, journal articles and conference presentations.
Qualitative investigation of the perceptions and experiences of nursing and allied health professionals involved in the implementation of an enriched environment in an Australian acute stroke unit
Authors: Rosbergen Ingrid C M , Brauer Sandra G , Fitzhenry Sarah , Grimley Rohan S , Hayward Kathryn S 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveAn enriched environment embedded in an acute stroke unit can increase activity levels of patients who had stroke, with changes sustained 6 months post-implementation. The objective of this study was to understand perceptions and experiences of nursing and allied health professionals involved in implementing an enriched environment in an acute stroke unit.DesignA descriptive qualitative approach.SettingAn acute stroke unit in a regional Australian hospital.ParticipantsWe purposively recruited three allied health and seven nursing professionals involved in the delivery of the enriched environment. Face-to-face, semistructured interviews were conducted 8 weeks post-completion of the enriched environment study. One independent researcher completed all interviews. Voice-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed by three researchers using a thematic approach to identify main themes.ResultsThree themes were identified. First, staff perceived that ‘the road to recovery had started’ for patients. An enriched environment was described to shift the focus to recovery in the acute setting, which was experienced through increased patient activity, greater psychological well-being and empowering patients and families. Second, ‘it takes a team’ to successfully create an enriched environment. Integral to building the team were positive interdisciplinary team dynamics and education. The impact of the enriched environment on workload was diversely experienced by staff. Third, ‘keeping it going’ was perceived to be challenging. Staff reflected that changing work routines was difficult. Contextual factors such as a supportive physical environment and variety in individual enrichment opportunities were indicated to enhance implementation. Key to sustaining change was consistency in staff and use of change management strategies.ConclusionInvestigating staff perceptions and experiences of an enrichment model in an acute stroke unit highlighted the need for effective teamwork. To facilitate staff in their new work practice, careful selection of change management strategies are critical to support clinical translation of an enriched environment.Trial registration numberANZCTN12614000679684; Results.
Meta-ethnography to understand healthcare professionals’ experience of treating adults with chronic non-malignant pain
Authors: Toye Francine , Seers Kate , Barker Karen L 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesWe aimed to explore healthcare professionals’ experience of treating chronic non-malignant pain by conducting a qualitative evidence synthesis. Understanding this experience from the perspective of healthcare professionals will contribute to improvements in the provision of care.DesignQualitative evidence synthesis using meta-ethnography. We searched five electronic bibliographic databases from inception to November 2016. We included studies that explore healthcare professionals’ experience of treating adults with chronic non-malignant pain. We used the GRADE-CERQual framework to rate confidence in review findings.ResultsWe screened the 954 abstracts and 184 full texts and included 77 published studies reporting the experiences of over 1551 international healthcare professionals including doctors, nurses and other health professionals. We abstracted six themes: (1) a sceptical cultural lens, (2) navigating juxtaposed models of medicine, (3) navigating the geography between patient and clinician, (4) challenge of dual advocacy, (5) personal costs and (6) the craft of pain management. We rated confidence in review findings as moderate to high.ConclusionsThis is the first qualitative evidence synthesis of healthcare professionals’ experiences of treating people with chronic non-malignant pain. We have presented a model that we developed to help healthcare professionals to understand, think about and modify their experiences of treating patients with chronic pain. Our findings highlight scepticism about chronic pain that might explain why patients feel they are not believed. Findings also indicate a dualism in the biopsychosocial model and the complexity of navigating therapeutic relationships. Our model may be transferable to other patient groups or situations.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Caumo Andrea , Cobelli Claudio 
Published: December 2017

The following is an abstract of the article discussed in the subsequent letter: Finegood, Diane T., and Dan Tzur. Reduced glucose effectiveness associated with reduced insulin release: an artifact of the minimal-model method. Am. J. Physiol. 271 ( Endocrinol. Metab. 34): E485–E495, 1996.—We previously demonstrated that minimal model-derived estimates of glucose effectiveness (SG), based on the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (SG FSIGT), were reduced in islet-transplanted or streptozotocin-treated dogs and in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. To ascertain the validity of our observations, we compared SG FSIGT with estimates based on a basal hormone replacement glucose clamp (SG BRCLAMP) and a basal hormone replacement glucose tolerance test (SG BRGTT) in normal control (CNTL, n = 12) and streptozotocin-treated dogs with normal fasting plasma glucose (STZ-Rx, n = 9). SG FSIGT was reduced in STZ-Rx compared with CNTL ( P < 0.05). However, neither SG BRCLAMP nor SG BRGTT was reduced in the STZ-Rx group ( P > 0.05). Comparison of protocols for each subject indicated that SG FSIGT was greater than either SG BRCLAMP or SG BRGTT in control ( P < 0.002) but not in STZ-Rx dogs ( P > 0.1). The relationship of SG FSIGT to insulin secretory function suggests that our previous conclusion that SG FSIGT was reduced in subjects with limited insulin release may be an artifact of the minimal-model method. Our results suggest that caution must be exercised in the interpretation of differences in minimal-model estimates of SG between subject groups with significantly different levels of insulin secretory function.
Comparison of micropuncture and microcatheterization in papillary collecting duct
Authors: Sonnenberg H. , Chong C. 
Published: December 2017

Collecting duct transport of fluid, sodium, and potassium was studied in rats infused with Ringer solution (5 ml·100 g body wt-1·h-1). A terminal segment of surface collecting duct in the exposed papilla was catheterized as far upstream as possible under visual observation. After fluid sampling the same duct was punctured at the same site with a glass micropipette and a second sample was taken. Samples were then obtained from the opening of the duct at the papilla tip by both catheter and micropipette. No significant difference between the two collection sites was found in the fraction of filtered sodium, potassium, or fluid remaining in the tubule, independent of the sampling technique used, indicating that volume expansion inhibited salt and water reabsorption. Although fractional fluid and sodium remainders were slightly higher and potassium remainder lower in upstream micropuncture samples compared to catheterization samples, the good correlation between collections obtained with both techniques suggests that both are equally valid as indicators of transport in terminal collecting ducts. Ringers infusion; extracellular fluid volume expansion; fluid reabsorption; sodium and potassium transport Submitted on May 7, 1979 Accepted on January 22, 1980
Renal responses to central vascular expansion are suppressed at night in conscious primates
Authors: Kass David A. , Sulzman Frank M. , Fuller Charles A. , Moore-Ede Martin C. 
Published: December 2017

Renal and hemodynamic responses to central vascular volume expansion induced by 4 h of continuous lower bodv positive air pressure (LBPP) were examined in conscious, chair-restrained squirrel monkeys in a light/dark (12:12) cycle. LBPP (30 mmHg) during both day (1200–1600) and night (0000–0400) induced similar 4 cmH2O stable increases in central venous pressure (P < 0.001), rises in heart rate of 25 beat/min (P < 0.001), and small transient elevations in mean arterial blood pressure. In contrast, while daytime LBPP induced a significant increase in urine flow (V) from 2.12 ± 0.31 to 3.5 ± 0.42 ml/h (P < 0.05), and sodium excretion (UNaV) from 71.1 ± 14 to 271.2 ± 37 μeq/h (P < 0.001), there was a marked nocturnal inhibition of the response to LBPP, with no significant increases in V or UNaV. Urine osmolality decreased by more than 50% at both times of pressure exposure; potassium excretion was not significantly affected by either exposure, and drinking was suppressed during daytime LBPP. Comparisons of the time course and diurnal regulation of the urinary responses suggest that several separate efferent control pathways are involved. volume regulation; sodium excretion; squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus); lower body positive air pressure; circadian rhythms; Henry-Gauer reflex Submitted on October 29, 1979 Accepted on April 10, 1980
Uso de Modelo Aditivo Generalizado para Análise Espacial da Suscetibilidade a Movimentos de Massa
Authors: Sothe Camile , Gerbi Camargo Eduardo Celso , Gerente Jéssica , Rennó Camilo Daleles , Vieira Monteiro Antônio Miguel 
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo, é analisada a distribuição espacial da suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Luís Alves, localizada no estado de Santa Catarina. A modelagem empregada baseia-se em processos pontuais espaciais, na qual se define uma medida de suscetibilidade que varia continuamente sobre a região de estudo e é estimada por meio de métodos de modelos aditivos generalizados (GAM). A suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa, neste contexto, é quantificada por níveis de probabilidades. O procedimento empregado incorpora ao modelo fatores condicionantes de suscetibilidade, de forma simples e de fácil interpretação. O método viabiliza a construção de superfícies de decisão que permitem a geração de mapas com contornos de tolerância baseado em medidas de probabilidade. Tais mapas auxiliam na identificação de áreas de alta/baixa suscetibilidade, uma vez que a hipótese nula de suscetibilidade constante na região de estudo pode ser testada. O resultado da aplicação do modelo mostrou que a variação espacial da suscetibilidade na área de estudo foi significativa a certos fatores condicionantes, apontando um caminho para avanços nos sistemas técnicos de monitoramento e alerta a estas situações, e ampliando as possibilidades para as decisões necessárias que possam minimizar os impactos de processos geomorfológicos danosos, tais como movimentos de massa.
The Khmer Rouge, Ritual and Control
Authors: Delano Daisha Lee , Knottnerus J. David 
Published: December 2017

On April 17th 1975 the communist party of Cambodia, the Khmer Rouge, took power and evacuated the cities forcing citizens into the countryside while killing many in an attempt to eradicate members of the previous government of the Khmer Republic, as well as former soldiers, intellectuals, and artists. The Khmer Rouge employed various tactics to increase their power during this time including the elimination of ritual practices such as dance dramas, family ceremonies, and religious activities. Drawing upon memoirs, autobiographies, and other sources as well as structural ritualisation theory these developments are analysed using the concepts of strategic deritualisation and strategic ritualisation. After the elimination of important rituals the Khmer Rouge implemented new propaganda based rituals in an attempt to instill their beliefs into the minds of peasants and youth while creating a debilitating fear in the previous city dwellers. These rituals included attending speeches, singing emotionally charged revolutionary songs, and attending dance dramas depicting the glory of the revolution and its leader “Angkar.” Implications of the study are discussed especially in regard to the role ritual dynamics can play in social control and extremist (sometimes genocidal) regimes.
An Intercomparison between Reanalysis and Dropsonde Observations of the Total Water Vapor Transport in Individual Atmospheric Rivers
Authors: Guan Bin , Waliser Duane E. , Ralph F. Martin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A recent study presented nearly two decades of airborne atmospheric river (AR) observations and concluded that, on average, an individual AR transports ~5 × 108 kg s−1 of water vapor. The study here compares those cases to ARs independently identified in reanalyses based on a refined algorithm that can detect less well-structured ARs, with the dual-purpose of validating reanalysis ARs against observations and evaluating dropsonde representativeness relative to reanalyses. The first comparison is based on 21 dropsonde-observed ARs in the northeastern Pacific and those closely matched, but not required to be exactly collocated, in ERA-Interim (MERRA-2), which indicates a mean error of −2% (−8%) in AR width and +3% (−1%) in total integrated water vapor transport (TIVT) and supports the effectiveness of the AR detection algorithm applied to the reanalyses. The second comparison is between the 21 dropsonde ARs and ~6000 ARs detected in ERA-Interim (MERRA-2) over the same domain, which indicates a mean difference of 5% (20%) in AR width and 5% (14%) in TIVT and suggests the limited number of dropsonde observations is a highly (reasonably) representative sampling of ARs in the northeastern Pacific. Sensitivities of the comparison to seasonal and geographical variations in AR width/TIVT are also examined. The results provide a case where dedicated observational efforts in specific regions corroborate with global reanalyses in better characterizing the geometry and strength of ARs regionally and globally. The results also illustrate that the reanalysis depiction of ARs can help inform the selection of locations for future observational and modeling efforts.
Photoswitchable Turn-on Mode Fluorescent Diarylethenes: Strategies for Controlling the Switching Response
Authors: Irie Masahiro , Morimoto Masakazu 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A new type of photoswitchable fluorescent diarylethenes, which have no fluorophore unit but emit strong fluorescence (Φf ∼ 0.9) in the closed-ring isomers, has been developed. They are sulfone derivatives of 1,2-bis(2-alkyl-4-methyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentenes and 1,2-bis(2-alkyl-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentenes. By chemical modifications of the structures their switching response was tuned to meet the requirements for super-resolution fluorescence microscopies. The water-soluble derivatives have been successfully applied to acquire super-resolution bioimages using a single-wavelength visible beam.
How visual and kinaesthetic imagery shape movement improvisation: A pilot study
Authors: Batson Glenna , Sentler Susan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Western contemporary dance has long benefited from mental imagery practice for enhancing choreography, somatic embodiment and performance. Although science supports many psychophysical benefits of mental imagery practice, less is known about its effects on dance creation. Here, two dance educators report the results of a pilot study using two contrasting imagery modes in teaching improvisation. Four conservatory dance students engaged in two weeks of improvisation. In week one, Glenna used tactile-kinaesthetic imagery as verbal prompts. During week two, Susan emphasized visual prompts. Each mode gave rise to unique movement patterns and reflections on embodiment, bearing on future research questions. The authors aim to situate the study within the conversation on imagery specificity in teaching improvisation. In addition, the study supports the ongoing evolution of an articulate scientific-somatic discourse on tactile-kinaesthetic and visual phenomena within dance.
How to improve the early diagnosis of oral cancer?
Authors: Bandeira Celso Muller , De Almeida Adriana Ávila , Carta Celina Faig Lima , Almeida Janete Dias , Tango Estela Kaminagakura 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms, with 300,000 new cases annually diagnosed in the world. Although it appears in the fifth position among men in Brazil, late diagnosis continues to be a leading cause of poor prognosis. We reviewed the literature to evaluate factors that contribute to diagnostic delay in oral cancer considering aspects related to the patient, health team and public health system. Material and Methods: The Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science and Embase databases were searched in the last 5 years using the following MeSH descriptors: carcinoma, squamous cell; mouth neoplasms; delayed diagnosis. The articles should contain in their objectives factors contributing to the delayed diagnosis of OSCC related to the patient, healthcare professionals and public health system in general. Results: One hundred twenty articles were retrieved and 27 on the delayed diagnosis of oral cancer were eligible. Conclusion: The literature showed that the delay in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with oral cancer could be minimized by providing health information, particularly about risk factors, by improving the training and retraining of physicians and dentists and by improving access to the health system. The communication technologies such as telemedicine, can play a key role in the early diagnosis of oral cancer. KeywordsCarcinoma; Squamous Cell; Mouth Neoplasms; Delayed Diagnosis.
Knowledge and attitudes of students and dentists about the use and cementation of intra-radicular posts
Authors: Sedrez-Porto José Augusto , Sarkis-Onofre Rafael , Moraes Aline Pinheiro , Correa Marcos Britto , Cenci Maximiliano Sérgio , Pereira-Cenci Tatiana 
Published: December 2017

Objective: The aim of the study was assess the knowledge and attitudes of students and dentists about the use and cementation of intra-radicular posts. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study interviewed 150 students and 150 dentists in the city of XXXXXXXXX (Brazil). A questionnaire containing questions regarding restorative choice in teeth with large coronal destruction, level of confidence for the use of post and resin cement, function of intra-radicular posts and social-demographic characteristics was applied. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis and associations were tested through logistic regression using 95% confidence intervals. Results: The analysis showed that students presented an odd to choose prefabricated posts 127% greater than the dentists for anterior teeth, 105% greater to choose self-adhesive resin cement and 46% greater to choose conventional resin cement. Considering posterior teeth, students presented an odd to choose prefabricated posts 40% smaller than the dentists and an odd 51% greater to choose conventional resin cement. Conclusion: The formation level (students or dentists) was directly related to clinical choices of the interviewed. The use of prefabricated posts seems to be related to the location of the tooth in the arch, with pre-fabricated posts being more indicated for anterior teeth. Use of pre-fabricated posts in teeth with large coronal destruction is accepted in the literature. However, dentists are still not confident to use of pre-fabricated fiber posts especially in posterior teeth with large coronal destruction.KeywordsResin cements; Post and core technique; Health knowledge, attitudes, practice.