bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Status of Elderly Nursing Home Residents With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chekani Farid , Bali Vishal , Aparasu Rajender R. 
Published: August 2016

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurological disorder that has a significant impact on activities of daily living (ADL). Limited data exists regarding the functional status of nursing home residents with PD. Objective: The study examined the nature, extent, and predictors of limitation of ADL in patients with PD residing in nursing homes. Methods: This study used cross-sectional design involving data from the National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS). The dependent variable was the total number of ADL for which the patient needed assistance. Assistance for ADL comprised of five items of transferring, dressing, eating, toileting and bathing. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the individual, biological and environmental factors associated with assistance needed for ADL. Results: The nationally representative study sample was of 98,093 nursing home residents with PD for an overall prevalence of 6.57%. The mean age of the study sample was 81.03±0.34 years. Mood symptoms (45%), behavioral symptoms (24%)and dementia (8%) were common among PD patients. Assistance needed for each ADL ranged from 68.24% for eating to 99.25% for bathing. Older age, being married, living in metropolitan statistical area (MSA), living in other place prior to admission, and presence of mood symptoms were positively related to assistance for ADL. Presence of behavioral symptoms and use of levodopa combination therapy were negatively related to assistance for ADL. Conclusions: Majority of the nursing home residents with PD had disability in all the five items of ADL. Various individual, environmental and biological factors were associated with ADL in nursing home residents with PD.
Reduction of Immunoreactivity Against the C-Terminal Region of the Intracellular α-Synuclein by Exogenous α-Synuclein Aggregates: Possibility of Conformational Changes
Authors: Izumi Yasuhiko , Kondo Naoto , Takahashi Ryosuke , Akaike Akinori , Kume Toshiaki 
Published: August 2016

Background: The formation of intracellular aggregates containing α-synuclein (α-syn) is a main pathological feature of Parkinson disease. The propagation of α-syn aggregation via cell-to-cell transmission has been implicated in the progression of Parkinson disease. Objective: Our aim is to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of intracellular aggregation by extracellular α-syn. Methods: We investigated the effects of exogenous α-syn aggregates on intracellular α-syn immunoreactivity in α-syn-overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells using two antibodies to distinct epitopes of α-syn. To obtain α-syn aggregates, α-syn solution was aged with continuous agitation. Results: Immunoreactivity against the acidic C-terminal domain of the intracellular α-syn was reduced by exposure to agedα-syn, whereas that against the hydrophobic non-amyloid component region was not changed. The reduction in immunoreactivity was not suppressed by protease inhibitors but was mimicked by neutralization of the negative charges on the C-terminal of the intracellular α-syn induced by spermine or extracellular acidification. Conclusions: These results suggest that the reduction in immunoreactivity is attributed not to proteolytic cleavage but to a conformational change at the C-terminus of the intracellular α-syn. The conformational change at the C-terminus of the intracellular α-syn might be involved in an initial step of fibril formation by exogenous α-syn aggregates.
Increased Cognitive Control During Execution of Finger Tap Movement in People with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Mak Margaret K.Y. , Cheung Vinci , Ma Shuangye , Lu Zhong L. , Wang Defeng , Lou Wutao , Shi Lin , Mok Vincent C.T. , Chu Winnie C.W. , Hallett Mark 
Published: August 2016

Background: Previous studies employed demanding and complex hand tasks to study the brain activation in people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). There is inconsistent finding about the cerebellar activity during movement execution of this patient population. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the brain activation patterns of PD individuals in the on-state and healthy control subjects in a simple finger tapping task. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with PD and 22 age-matched healthy subjects were recruited for the study. Subjects were instructed to perform simple finger tapping tasks under self- and cue-initiated conditions in separate runs while their brain activations were captured using fMRI. Results: Healthy subjects had higher brain activity in contralateral precentral gyrus during the self-initiated task, and higher brain activity in the ipsilateral middle occipital gyrus during the cue-initiated task. PD patients had higher brain activity in the cerebellum Crus I (bilateral) and lobules VI (ipsilateral) during the self-initiated task and higher brain activity in the contralateral middle frontal gyrus during the cue-initiated task. When compared with healthy controls, PD patients had lower brain activity in the contralateral inferior parietal lobule during the self-initiated task, and lower brain activity in the ipsilateral cerebellum lobule VIII, lobule VIIB and vermis VIII, and thalamus during the cue-initiated task. Conjunction analysis indicated that both groups had activation in bilateral cerebellum and SMA and ipsilateral precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus during both self- and cue-initiated movement. Individuals with PD exhibited higher brain activity in the executive zone (cerebellum Crus I and II) during self-initiated movement, and lower brain activity in the sensorimotor zone (i.e. lobule VIIb and VIII of the cerebellum) during cue-initiated movement. Discussions: The findings suggest that individuals with PD may use more executive control when performing simple movements.
Obligation towards medical errors disclosure at a tertiary care hospital in Dubai, UAE
Authors: Zaghloul Ashraf Ahmad , Rahman Syed Azizur , Abou El-Enein Nagwa Younes 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to identify healthcare providers’ obligation towards medical errors disclosure as well as to study the association between the severity of the medical error and the intention to disclose the error to the patients and their families. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study design was followed to identify the magnitude of disclosure among healthcare providers in different departments at a randomly selected tertiary care hospital in Dubai. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The total sample size accounted for 106 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire composed of two sections namely; demographic variables of the respondents and a section which included variables relevant to medical error disclosure. RESULTS: Statistical analysis yielded significant association between the obligation to disclose medical errors with male healthcare providers (X2 = 5.1), and being a physician (X2 = 19.3). Obligation towards medical errors disclosure was significantly associated with those healthcare providers who had not committed any medical errors during the past year (X2 = 9.8), and any type of medical error regardless the cause, extent of harm (X2 = 8.7). Variables included in the binary logistic regression model were; status (Exp β (Physician) = 0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.97), gender (Exp β (Male) = 4.81, 95% CI 1.84–12.54), and medical errors during the last year (Exp β (None) = 2.11, 95% CI 0.6–2.3). CONCLUSION: Education and training of physicians about disclosure conversations needs to start as early as medical school. Like the training in other competencies required of physicians, education in communicating about medical errors could help reduce physicians’ apprehension and make them more comfortable with disclosure conversations.
Adverse event assessment methods in published trials of psychotropic drugs: Poor reporting and neglect of emerging safety concerns
Authors: Hughes Shannon , Cohen David , Johnson Rebekah 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Actual assessment methods for identifying adverse events (AEs) in clinical trials have received less scrutiny than underreporting of AEs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether AE assessment has changed over time for three psychotropic drugs with turbulent histories of safety concerns since their U.S. approval. METHODS: From industry-funded published trials of atomoxetine, duloxetine, and olanzapine retrieved from PubMed for 1996–2004 ( n = 33) and 2009–2014 ( n = 40), verbatim AE assessment and numbers of words describing efficacy and safety assessment were extracted. RESULTS: Closest to drug approval (1996–2004), 77.8% of atomoxetine trials used open-ended questioning only, 50% of duloxetine trials used spontaneous self-report or clinician observation only, and 66.7% of olanzapine trials used a scale (primarily for extrapyramidal symptoms) and one former method. Recent studies (2009–2014) showed less rigor and transparency: 35.3% of atomoxetine and 64.7% of duloxetine studies reported no AE assessment method and 50% of olanzapine studies no longer used scales. Overall, the mean number of words describing efficacy assessment increased from 202 to 309 but decreased from 83 to 63 for safety. CONCLUSION: Trial methodology for assessing psychotropic drug safety remains an underdeveloped area with major public health implications.
Development of chloroplast microsatellite markers for the endangered Maianthemum bicolor (Asparagaceae s.l.)
Authors: Park Hana , Kim Changkyun , Lee You‐Mi , Kim Joo‐Hwan 
Published: August 2016

Premise of the study:Ten polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) markers were developed and characterized in an endemic and endangered herb, Maianthemum bicolor (Asparagaceae s.l.), for use in conservation genetics.Methods and Results:Primer sets flanking each of the 10 cpSSR loci in noncoding regions of the chloroplast genome of M. bicolor were designed. These cpSSR markers were tested on a total of 33 adult individuals from three natural populations in South Korea. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to three. The unbiased haplotype diversity per locus ranged from 0.061 to 0.682. All markers were successfully transferred to the congeneric species M. japonicum, M. bifolium, and M. dilatatum with polymorphisms among the species.Conclusions:The developed cpSSR markers will be useful in assessing the genetic diversity and population structure of M. bicolor and will help to infer its molecular identification, thereby providing a basis for conservation.
KINEMATIC PROPERTIES OF DOUBLE-BARRED GALAXIES: SIMULATIONS VERSUS INTEGRAL-FIELD OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Du Min , Debattista Victor P. , Shen Juntai , Cappellari Michele 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Using high-resolution N-body simulations, we recently reported that a dynamically cool inner disk embedded in a hotter outer disk can naturally generate a steady double-barred (S2B) structure. Here we study the kinematics of these S2B simulations, and compare them to integral-field observations from ATLAS

3D
and SAURON. We show that S2B galaxies exhibit several distinct kinematic features, namely: (1) significantly distorted isovelocity contours at the transition region between the two bars, (2) peaks in σ
LOS along the minor axis of inner bars, which we term “σ-humps,” that are often accompanied by ring/spiral-like features of increased σ
LOS, (3)

anti-correlations in the region of the inner bar for certain orientations, and (4) rings of positive h
4 when viewed at low inclinations. The most impressive of these features are the σ-humps; these evolve with the inner bar, oscillating in strength just as the inner bar does as it rotates relative to the outer bar. We show that, in cylindrical coordinates, the inner bar has similar streaming motions and velocity dispersion properties as normal large-scale bars, except for σ

z
, which exhibits peaks on the minor axis, i.e., humps. These σ

z
humps are responsible for producing the σ-humps. For three well-resolved early-type S2Bs (NGC 2859, NGC 2950, and NGC 3941) and a potential S2B candidate (NGC 3384), the S2B model qualitatively matches the integral-field data well, including the “σ-hollows” previously identified. We also discuss the kinematic effect of a nuclear disk in S2Bs.
EVIDENCE FOR PERIODICITY IN 43 YEAR-LONG MONITORING OF NGC 5548
Authors: Bon E. , Zucker S. , Netzer H. , Marziani P. , Bon N. , Jovanović P. , Shapovalova A. I. , Komossa S. , Gaskell C. M. , Popović L. Č. , Britzen S. , Chavushyan V. H. , Burenkov A. N. , Sergeev S. , Mura G. La , Valdés J. R. , Stalevski M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of 43 years (1972 to 2015) of spectroscopic observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548. This includes 12 years of new unpublished observations (2003 to 2015). We compiled about 1600 Hβ spectra and analyzed the long-term spectral variations of the 5100 Å continuum and the Hβ line. Our analysis is based on standard procedures, including the Lomb–Scargle method, which is known to be rather limited to such heterogeneous data sets, and a new method developed specifically for this project that is more robust and reveals a ∼5700 day periodicity in the continuum light curve, the Hβ light curve, and the radial velocity curve of the red wing of the Hβ line. The data are consistent with orbital motion inside the broad emission line region of the source. We discuss several possible mechanisms that can explain this periodicity, including orbiting dusty and dust-free clouds, a binary black hole system, tidal disruption events, and the effect of an orbiting star periodically passing through an accretion disk.
O teatro brasileiro sob pressão
Authors: De Souza Maurini , Maciel Sandra Mara Pinheiro 
Published: August 2016

<p>As artes no Brasil tiveram dois momentos de forte censura, destacando-se o governo de Getúlio Vargas denominado Estado Novo (1937-1945) e o período iniciado a partir do golpe militar de 1964. No período da ditadura militar, a partir de 1964, o teatro sofreu grandes perseguições. Em especial dois grupos, <em>O Oficina</em>, em torno de seu diretor José Celso Martinez Corrêa, e <em>O Arena</em>, em torno de Augusto Boal, que se dedicaram a criar uma dramaturgia brasileira e uma nova formação do ator. Extremamente engajados, e invocando o teórico e dramaturgo alemão Bertolt Brecht como nome tutelar, marcariam a história do teatro no país. Ambos os grupos seriam dizimados pelo AI-5, Ato Institucional que deflagrou o terror de Estado e exterminou aquilo que fora o mais importante ensaio de socialização da cultura jamais havido no país. Nesse contexto de combater os “inimigos” da nação, as atividades artísticas e intelectuais foram duramente perseguidas. </p>
Importância da comunicação interna na Aliança Francesa de Curitiba
Authors: Pinto Etienne Gomes de Sennes , Moliani João Augusto 
Published: August 2016

<p>Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar os ambientes organizacionais das sedes da Aliança Francesa de Curitiba e, baseado na Comunicação Empresarial, as ações de Comunicação Interna já utilizadas, levantando a sua importância e benefícios para a organização. Para entender este processo, foi estudado como a cultura organizacional pode influenciar na comunicação interna. Foram levantadas também propostas através da análise realizada. O artigo está estruturado da seguinte forma: primeiramente teremos a conceituação de cultura organizacional, o funcionamento da comunicação nas organizações e da comunicação interna e, na sequência, a descrição geral da organização, a descrição das ações de comunicação interna da Aliança Francesa de Curitiba e as proposições.</p>
O profissional de Relações Públicas como mediador nas relações de consumo: pesquisa quantitativa sobre a marca de suco AdeS
Authors: Rossi Jéssica De Cássia , Ferrari Ana Carolina Levorato , Texeira Livia Maria Pereira 
Published: August 2016

<p>O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar como o profissional de RP pode mediar as relações de consumo de uma organização. Discutimos as mudanças proporcionadas pela globalização que levaram a um redimensionamento no papel do consumidor e de seu comportamento. Em seguida, indicamos a adaptação das empresas a esse novo cenário e como o profissional de Relações Públicas pode intermediar essas relações. Após isso, expomos um caso ocorrido com a marca de suco <em>AdeS </em>em 2013. Dessa forma, realizamos uma pesquisa quantitativa com os consumidores da marca a fim de levantar a opinião deles quanto ao problema em questão. Apontamos como a profissão de Relações Públicas poderia mediar os interesses desses consumidores junto à empresa <em>Unilever</em> (fabricante do suco). </p>
“É som de preto e favelado”: o caráter diaspórico, global e local do funk
Authors: Pereira Réia Sílvia Gonçalves 
Published: August 2016

<p>Associado à juventude negra das camadas populares brasileiras, o caráter diaspórico do funk revela-se por meio da música, do corpo e do estilo. O funk é compreendido como uma intrigante expressão da cultura popular. Para embasar tal argumento, este artigo ampare-se nas conceituações de Stuart Hall sobre a diáspora negra e nas reflexões de Néstor García Canclini sobre culturas híbridas. </p>
Genetic and flow anomalies in congenital heart disease
Authors: Rugonyi Sandra 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCongenital heart defects are the most common malformations in humans, affecting approximately 1% of newborn babies. While genetic causes of congenital heart disease have been studied, only less than 20% of human cases are clearly linked to genetic anomalies. The cause for the majority of the cases remains unknown. Heart formation is a finely orchestrated developmental process and slight disruptions of it can lead to severe malformations. Dysregulation of developmental processes leading to heart malformations are caused by genetic anomalies but also environmental factors including blood flow. Intra-cardiac blood flow dynamics plays a significant role regulating heart development and perturbations of blood flow lead to congenital heart defects in animal models. Defects that result from hemodynamic alterations recapitulate those observed in human babies, even those due to genetic anomalies and toxic teratogen exposure. Because important cardiac developmental events, such as valve formation and septation, occur under blood flow conditions while the heart is pumping, blood flow regulation of cardiac formation might be a critical factor determining cardiac phenotype. The contribution of flow to cardiac phenotype, however, is frequently ignored. More research is needed to determine how blood flow influences cardiac development and the extent to which flow may determine cardiac phenotype.
Influence of Extracellular RNAs, Released by Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts, on Their Adhesive and Invasive Properties
Authors: Zimmermann-Geller Birgit , Köppert Sina , Fischer Silvia , Cabrera-Fuentes Hector A. , Lefèvre Stephanie , Rickert Markus , Steinmeyer Jürgen , Rehart Stefan , Umscheid Thomas , Schönburg Markus , Müller-Ladner Ulf , Preissner Klaus T. , Frommer Klaus W. , Neumann Elena 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Extracellular RNA (exRNA) has been characterized as a molecular alarm signal upon cellular stress or tissue injury and to exert biological functions as a proinflammatory, prothrombotic, and vessel permeability–regulating factor. In this study, we investigated the contribution of exRNA and its antagonist RNase1 in a chronic inflammatory joint disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Upon immunohistochemical inspection of RA, osteoarthritis (OA), and psoriatic arthritis synovium, exRNA was detectable only in the RA synovial lining layer, whereas extracellular DNA was detectable in various areas of synovial tissue. In vitro, exRNA (150–5000 nt) was released by RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF) under hypoxic conditions but not under normoxia or TNF-α treatment. RNase activity was increased in synovial fluid from RA and OA patients compared with psoriatic arthritis patients, whereas RNase activity of RASF and OASF cultures was not altered by hypoxia. Reduction of exRNA by RNase1 treatment decreased adhesion of RASF to cartilage, but it had no influence on their cell proliferation or adhesion to endothelial cells. In vivo, treatment with RNase1 reduced RASF invasion into coimplanted cartilage in the SCID mouse model of RA. We also analyzed the expression of neuropilins in synovial tissue and SF, as they may interact with vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and exRNA. The data support the concepts that the exRNA/RNase1 system participates in RA pathophysiology and that RASF are influenced by exRNA in a prodestructive manner.
Dendritic Cells Are Dispensable for T Cell Priming and Control of Acute Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection
Authors: Hilpert Cornelia , Sitte Selina , Matthies Alexander , Voehringer David 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered to be the major APCs with potent activity for priming of naive CD4 and CD8 T cells. However, T cell priming can also be achieved by other APCs including macrophages, B cells, or even nonhematopoietic cell types. Systemic low-dose infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) results in massive expansion of virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. To determine the role of DCs as APCs and source of type I IFNs in this infection model, we used ΔDC mice in which DCs are constitutively ablated because of expression of the diphtheria toxin α subunit within developing DCs. ΔDC mice showed lower serum concentrations of IFN-β and IL-12p40, but normal IFN-α levels during the first days postinfection. No differences were found for proliferation of transferred TCR-transgenic cells during the early phase of infection, suggesting that T cell priming occurred with the same efficiency in wild-type and ΔDC mice. Expansion and cytokine expression of endogenous LCMV-specific T cells was comparable between wild-type and ΔDC mice during primary infection and upon rechallenge of memory mice. In both strains of infected mice the viral load was reduced below the limit of detection with the same kinetic. Further, germinal center formation and LCMV-specific Ab responses were not impaired in ΔDC mice. This indicates that DCs are dispensable as APCs for protective immunity against LCMV infection.