bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuron‐Inspired Flexible Phase Change Materials for Ambient Energy Harvesting and Respiration Monitoring
Authors: Luo Tianwen , Kong Lingli , Lu Junjie , Xie Man , Lin Baofeng , Fu Lihua , Huang Bai , Xu Chuanhui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe global energy crisis and climate change pose unprecedented challenges. Wearable devices with personal thermoregulation and energy harvesting hold great promise for achieving energy savings and human thermal comfort. Here, inspired by neurons, a novel phase change material (PCM) is reported for efficient energy harvesting and respiratory monitoring via a self‐assembly strategy. The use of gum arabic (GA) enabled the encapsulation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the targeted distribution of carboxylated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs) simultaneously in poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) (EVA) matrix. The material exhibits an outstanding toughness value of 14.88 MJ m−3 and high elongation at a break of 565.67%, exhibiting remarkable flexibility. The material with sufficient melting enthalpy (71.11 J g−1) demonstrates high photothermal conversion efficiency (95.27%) under 808 nm laser irradiation (105 mW cm−2). In addition, due to the synergistic effect of GA and PEG, especially the formation of microdome structures on the surface, the material demonstrates ultrasensitive humidity responsiveness for respiratory monitoring with high precision, excellent repeatability, and fast response/recovery time (50.4/50.5 ms). Notably, it shows great potential for moisture‐electric generators (MEGs) with the function of non‐contact sensing. This material opens the path toward next‐generation wearable devices in energy conversion and health monitoring.
Oxidative Passivation of FAPbI3 via Femtosecond Laser for Enhanced Photoluminescence and Photoresponse Performance
Authors: Huang Ziyuan , Li Yixuan , Zhou Rongxue , Li Ying , Xing Jun , Zou Tingting , Yang Jianjun , Li Wei , Yu Weili 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe presence of uncoordinated Pb atoms in perovskite materials, acting as non‐radiative recombination centers, significantly degrades the performance of perovskite‐based photoelectronic devices. Addressing this issue by passivating these deep energy level defects is essential for enhancing device performance. By now, the passivation methods are largely proposed by chemical additive engineering methods, which involve the oxidation of Pb through chemical additives. However, chemical passivation methods are often plagued by issues such as prolonged processing times, uncontrollable passivation regions uncontrollable, and environmental contamination. Here, a novel femtosecond laser oxidative passivation (FsLOP) technique for FAPbI3 is proposed, evidenced by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealing the formation of Pb─O bonds. The role of peroxide anions in oxidation passivation is highlighted as pivotal. The oxidative passivation effect is further corroborated by a four‐fold increase in photoluminescence (PL) intensity and an exceptional improvement in photoresponse performance, achieving a detectivity of 6.77 × 1012 Jones. This work provides a deeper insight into the interaction between femtosecond lasers and perovskite materials, proposing an efficient, precisely controlled, and environmentally friendly way to improve the performance of perovskite photoelectronic devices.
Validating the Novel Electron Transport Layer with the Use of Experimentally Studied D18:Y6 Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell
Authors: Karuppaiah Chandrasekar , Azhakanantham Dheebanathan , Selvamani Muthamizh , Perumal Sathish Kumar , Alotaibi Majed A. , Kesavan Arul Varman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSC) are showing steady efficiency improvement due to the development in the materials synthesis, sophisticated characterization techniques, in‐depth understanding of materials and devices. In the recent years, bulk heterojunction OSC with a non‐fullerene acceptor /polymer acceptor shows significant enhancement in efficiency (≈19%). Efficiency of the polymer acceptor OSCs is much higher than the fullerene derivative‐based acceptors. In this work, OSC simulations are done using D18 donor and Y6 acceptor bulk heterojunction as a photoactive layer. As a first step, validity of the experimental results for ITO/PEDOT:PSS/D18:Y6/PDIN/Ag structure is done. To investigate efficiency, 2,8,15‐trifluoro‐3,9,14‐tris(heptylsulfonyl)diquinoxalino[2,3‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine (HATNASO2C7‐Cs) electron transport layer is validated in place of PDIN in the following device structure, ITO/PEDOT:PSS/D18:Y6/HATNASO2C7‐Cs/Ag. Energy level matching of the HATNASO2C7‐Cs is well aligned compared with PDIN at the cathode interface. Device simulation optimization are carried out for various photoactive layer, ETL and HTL condition. Highest efficiency of 20.99% is obtained for ITO/PEDOT:PSS/D18:Y6/HATNASO2C7‐Cs/Ag when the HATNASO2C7‐Cs thickness, bandgap, electron affinity, carrier mobility, and defect density is matched for ≈30 nm, ≈2.8 eV, ≈4.16 eV, ≈2 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, and 1014 cm−3 respectively. Obtained results are discussed in details and results will be helpful for preliminary understanding of the system.
A Programmable Handheld Extrusion‐Based Bioprinting Platform for In Situ Skin Wounds Dressing: Balance Mobility and Customizability
Authors: Wang Chenmin , Hu Chengwei , Cheng Haojin , Qi Weichen , Wang Liangliang , Wu Tianchi , Wu Jun , Cui Xu , Xu Jiake , Pan Haobo , Bian Shaoquan , Lu Weijia William , Zhao Xiaoli 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBioprinting technology plays a crucial role for constructing tissue substitutes. However, the mismatched scaffold shapes and the poor treatment timeliness limit its clinical translational application. In situ printing technology that prints bioregenerants directly inside patient's body can meet the needs of specific tissue repair. This study develops a smartphone controlled handheld bioprinter for in situ skin wounds dressing. The mini bioprinter can be handheld and placed on any printing surface to create strips, complex patterns, and 3D structures, and can be equipped with microchannel needles to expand functionality. The size of the strips as well as the printing path can be programmed and controlled by the smartphone to ensure the precision of the printed product quality. Furthermore, the device not only allows for smooth switching between different bioinks for printing heterogeneous structure, but also allows for fast and uniform coverage of large wound surfaces. When dealing with complex wounds in vitro & vivo, the printer can effectively fill and precisely close wounds, promoting wound healing. The programmable handheld bioprinter can balance mobility and customizability in the management of skin wounds and is expected to realize its potential for emergency medical treatment in condition‐constrained scenarios, such as battlefields or disaster areas.
Engineered Protein Fibers with Reinforced Mechanical Properties Via β‐Sheet High‐Order Assembly
Authors: Li Ming , Qin Dawen , Chen Jing , Jia Bo , Wei Zheng , Zhang Yi , Cheng Wenhao , Liu Qianqian , Wang Fan , Li Jingjing , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Kai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProtein fibers are ideal alternatives to synthetic polymers due to their unique mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and sustainability. However, engineering biomimetic protein fibers with high mechanical properties remains challenging, particularly in mimicking the high molecular weight of natural proteins and regulating their complex hierarchical structures. Here, a modular design and multi‐scale assembly strategy is developed to manufacture robust protein fibers using low‐ or medium‐molecular‐weight proteins. The distinct functional and structural properties of flexible, rigid, and cross‐linked domains in modular proteins are skillfully harnessed. By regulating the ratio of rigid to flexible domains, the formation of high‐order β‐sheet crystals aligned along the fiber axis is promoted, enhancing both strength and toughness. Furthermore, the dynamic imine cross‐linking network, formed by the aldehyde‐amine condensation reaction of the cross‐linked domains, further reinforces the protein fibers. Remarkably, fibers spun from modular proteins significantly smaller than natural spidroin exhibit outstanding mechanical properties, surpassing those of protein fibers with same or even higher molecular weights. This strategy offers a promising pathway for fabricating protein fibers suitable for diverse applications.
Halogen‐Bonded Hole‐Transport Material Enhances Open‐Circuit Voltage of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Zhaoyang , Zhang Jiakang , Chen Zilong , Yao Ze‐Fan , Liu Kai‐Kai , Zhou Zhongmin , Zhang Haichang , Liu Maning 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInterfacial properties of a hole‐transport material (HTM) and a perovskite layer are of high importance, which can influence the interfacial charge transfer dynamics as well as the growth of perovskite bulk crystals particularly in inverted structure. The halogen bonding (XB) has been recognized as a powerful functional group to be integrated with new small molecule HTMs. Herein, a carbazole‐based halo (iodine)‐functional HTM (O1), is synthesized for the first time, demonstrating a high hole mobility and suitable energy levels that align well with those of perovskites. The strong interaction between O1 and perovskite, i.e., I···I−, induces the formation of an ordered interlayer, which are verified by both theoretical and experimental studies. Compared to the reference HTM (O2) without any halo‐function, the XB‐induced interlayer effectively enhances the interfacial charge extraction efficiency, while significantly hindering the non‐radiative charge recombination by reducing the surface traps upon the strong passivation effect. This is reflected as a big increase in the open‐circuit voltage by up to 114 mV in the fabrication of inverted devices with the highest power conversion efficiency of 22.34%. Moreover, the ordered XB‐driven interlayer at the interface of O1 and perovskite is mainly responsible for the extended lifespan under the operational conditions.
Out‐Diffusion and Uphill‐Diffusion of Mg in Czochralski‐Grown (100) β‐Ga2O3 Under High‐Temperature Annealing and Its Influence on Lateral MOSFET Devices
Authors: Chou Ta‐Shun , Tran Thi Thuy Vi , Peelaers Hartwin , Tetzner Kornelius , Hilt Oliver , Rehm Jana , Bin Anooz Saud , Fiedler Andreas , Galazka Zbigniew , Albrecht Martin , Popp Andreas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work, the out‐diffusion and uphill‐diffusion of Mg inside (100) β‐Ga2O3 epilayers and substrates are reported. The Mg accumulates toward the (100) surface upon annealing under an oxidizing environment, whereas the concentration profile changes with annealing temperatures and durations. Furthermore, the out‐diffusion of Mg from the substrate into the epilayer is observed at temperatures above 800 °C, which continues during the film growth. The substitutional‐interstitial‐diffusion (SID) mechanism is suggested to be the driving mechanism for the former, and the latter is related to the diffusion of mobile Mg interstitials. The accumulation profile of Mg can be used to identify the interface between the epilayer and the substrate. Furthermore, significant differences in device performance are observed for power transistors fabricated on annealed and non‐annealed epitaxial β‐Ga2O3 wafers. Increased breakdown voltages of annealed samples are attributed to the Mg diffusion into the first few nanometers of the epitaxial layer close to the interface to the semi‐insulating substrate, leading to compensation of residual dopants (donors) in that region.
Separator‐Supported Electrode Configuration for Ultra‐High Energy Density Lithium Secondary Battery
Authors: Kim Ju Young , Seo Min Young , Choi Jaecheol , Lee Yoon Ho , Kim YongJoo , Kang Seok Hun , Lee Yong Min , Lee Young‐Gi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSignificant efforts are being made to develop high‐performance battery materials, particularly active materials. However, material‐dependent strategies for increasing energy density face challenges such as raw material costs and supply limitations, reducing their versatility to some extent. In this regard, the development of efficient battery designs can be a universal approach to increasing the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries with relatively low dependence on material properties. Herein, a novel configuration of an electrode‐separator assembly is presented, where the electrode layer is directly coated on the separator, to realize lightweight lithium‐ion batteries by removing heavy current collectors. Even on the hydrophobic separator, a poly(vinyl alcohol) binder enables uniform and scalable coating of aqueous electrode slurries through molecular interactions with the separator surface. Moreover, carbon nanotubes are utilized to reinforce the electronic conduction of the electrode, providing consistent electronic pathways regardless of SEI formation. Furthermore, owing to the superior permeability of liquid electrolytes through this electrode‐separator assembly, a multilayered electrode‐separator assembly can be suggested to further increase energy density when combined with a lithium metal anode. This lithium metal battery can achieve an areal capacity of ≈30 mAh cm−2 and an enhanced energy density of over 20% compared to conventional battery configurations.
“Ardor and diligence”: Quantifying the faculty effort needed in emergency medicine graduate medical education
Authors: Burkhardt John C. , Jordan Jaime , Cranford James A. , Gallahue Fiona E. , Kocher Keith E. , Murano Tiffany , Weizberg Moshe , Hopson Laura R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesRegulatory requirements around protected faculty effort to support graduate medical education (GME) programs have changed. The amount of labor required to run a GME program is unknown. We sought to describe the work performed by program leadership and core faculty in emergency medicine (EM).MethodsWe performed a prospective survey study of core faculty in EM. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire followed by quarterly time surveys, covering activities in eight domains: evaluation, teaching and education, scholarly activity, service, interview/recruitment, clinical supervision, student responsibilities, and wellness and administration. We collected data from April 2022 to March 2023. We calculated descriptive statistics and used analyses of variance (ANOVA) to assess differences by faculty role and quarter.ResultsA total of 596 physicians completed the demographic questionnaire and 347 (58.2%) completed at least one quarterly time survey including 142 (41%) females, 48 (14%) program directors (PDs), 84 (24%) assistant/associate program directors (APDs), and 215 (62%) general core faculty (GCF). The mean number of hours per week spent on nonclinical education work was 60 h for PDs, 47 h for APDs, and 44 h for GCF. ANOVA found significant differences in mean hours per week and faculty role in domains of evaluation (p < 0.001), service (p = 0.007), and interview/recruitment (p < 0.001). We detected differences in mean hours per week and quarter in domains of evaluation (p < 0.001), teaching and education (p < 0.001), interview and recruitment (p < 0.001), and clinical supervision (p < 0.001).ConclusionsRunning a residency program requires many hours of faculty work, which can vary based on faculty role and time of year. These results can inform decisions regarding faculty support.
Directed image review technique (DIRT): A framework for ultrasound image assessment and interpretation
Authors: Broadstock Arthur T. , Baez Jessica , Minges Patrick G. , Frederick Meaghan , Stolz Lori A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUse of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is integral to the practice of emergency medicine, and POCUS education is a required component of emergency medicine training. Developing POCUS skills requires iterative deliberate practice of image acquisition and interpretation. Providing feedback to learners regarding ultrasound image interpretation can be challenging for emergency medicine clinician educators. We present a framework called the directed image review technique. This framework guides learner ultrasound image interpretation and provides educators with a similar structured approach to evaluate a learner's ultrasound competency and provide targeted feedback regarding image acquisition and interpretation.
Iron accumulation/overload and Alzheimer's disease risk factors in the precuneus region: A comprehensive narrative review
Authors: Mohammadi Sana , Ghaderi Sadegh , Fatehi Farzad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss. Early cerebral and body iron dysregulation and accumulation interact with AD pathology, particularly in the precuneus, a crucial functional hub in cognitive functions. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), a novel post‐processing approach, provides insights into tissue iron levels and cerebral oxygen metabolism and reveals abnormal iron accumulation early in AD. Increased iron deposition in the precuneus can lead to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and accelerated neurodegeneration. Metabolic disorders (diabetes, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and obesity), genetic factors, and small vessel pathology contribute to abnormal iron accumulation in the precuneus. Therefore, in line with the growing body of literature in the precuneus region of patients with AD, QSM as a neuroimaging method could serve as a non‐invasive biomarker to track disease progression, complement other imaging modalities, and aid in early AD diagnosis and monitoring.
Noise aware parameter estimation in bioprocesses: Using neural network surrogate models with nonuniform data sampling
Authors: Weir Lauren , Mathias Nigel , Corbett Brandon , Mhaskar Prashant 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article demonstrates a parameter estimation technique for bioprocesses that utilizes measurement noise in experimental data to determine credible intervals on parameter estimates, with this information of potential use in prediction, robust control, and optimization. To determine these estimates, the work implements Bayesian inference using nested sampling, presenting an approach to develop neural network‐ (NN) based surrogate models. To address challenges associated with nonuniform sampling of experimental measurements, an NN structure is proposed. The resultant surrogate model is utilized within a Nested Sampling Algorithm that samples possible parameter values from the parameter space and uses the NN to calculate model output for use in the likelihood function based on the joint probability distribution of the noise of output variables. This method is illustrated against simulated data, then with experimental data from a Sartorius fed‐batch bioprocess. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique to enable rapid parameter estimation for bioprocesses.
Parsaclisib for the treatment of primary autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Results from a phase 2, open‐label study
Authors: Barcellini Wilma , Pane Fabrizio , Patriarca Andrea , Murakhovskaya Irina , Terriou Louis , DeSancho Maria T. , Hanna Wahid T. , Leopold Lance , Rappold Erica , Szeto Ke , Wei Shaoceng , Jäger Ulrich 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a group of acquired autoimmune disorders characterized by red blood cell hemolysis. In a phase 2, open‐label, multicenter study, adults with warm AIHA, cold agglutinin disease, or mixed‐type AIHA were administered once‐daily 1.0 or 2.5 mg parsaclisib (selective phosphoinositide 3‐kinase δ inhibitor) orally for 12 weeks, followed by an extension period. Dose increases (for AIHA worsening) or decreases (for tolerability) were permitted. Primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with complete (≥12 g/dL hemoglobin [Hgb]) or partial (10–12 g/dL Hgb or ≥2 g/dL increase from baseline) response at any visit during weeks 6–12 not attributable to transfusion. Among 25 enrolled patients (median age, 63 y), 16 (64%) achieved a partial or complete Hgb response during weeks 6–12. Responses were observed by week 1 in 52.0% of patients with incremental improvements during weeks 6–12 and sustained responses during the extension period. Responses were higher among patients with warm AIHA versus other types (75.0% vs. 44.4%). Clinically meaningful improvements in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue scores were observed at weeks 6 and 12. All patients had treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), most commonly diarrhea (32.0%) and pyrexia (28.0%). Grade ≥3 TEAEs occurred in 13 patients (52.0%). TEAEs considered possibly related to treatment occurred in 11 patients (44.0%). No dose reductions were required; six patients (24%) discontinued for a TEAE. In summary, parsaclisib was well tolerated and resulted in substantial improvements in Hgb response at week 1, with durable responses through the extension period.Clinical trial registrationThis trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03538041).
Genetic ancestry in Puerto Rican afro‐descendants illustrates diverse histories of African diasporic populations
Authors: Nieves‐Colón Maria A. , Ulrich Emma C. , Chen Lijuan , Torres Colón Gabriel A. , Clemente Maricruz Rivera , (COPI) La Corporación Piñones Se Integra , Benn Torres Jada 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesGenetic studies of contemporary Puerto Ricans reflect a demographic history characterized by admixture between Indigenous American, African, and European peoples. While previous studies provide genetic perspectives on the general Puerto Rican population, less is known about the island's sub‐populations, specifically Afro‐Puerto Ricans.Materials and MethodsIn this study, the genetic ancestry of Afro‐Puerto Ricans is characterized and compared to other Caribbean populations. Thirty DNA samples collected among self‐identified Puerto Ricans of African descent in Loíza (n = 2), Piñones (n = 13), San Juan (n = 2), Mayagüez (n = 9), and Ponce (n = 4), were genotyped at 750,000 loci on the National Geographic Genochip. We then applied unsupervised clustering and dimensionality‐reduction methods to detect continental and subcontinental African and European genetic ancestry patterns.ResultsAdmixture analyses reveal that on average, the largest genetic ancestry component for Afro‐Puerto Ricans is African in origin, followed by European and Indigenous American genetic ancestry components. African biogeographic origins of Afro‐Puerto Ricans align most closely with contemporary peoples of Lower Guinea and the Bight of Biafra, while the European genetic ancestry component is most similar to contemporary Iberian, Italian, and Basque populations. These findings contrast with the biogeographic origins of comparative Barbadian and Puerto Rican populations.DiscussionOur results suggest that while there are similarities with regard to general patterns of genetic ancestry among African descendants in the Caribbean, there is previously unrecognized regional heterogeneity, including among Puerto Rican sub‐populations. These results are also consistent with available historical sources, while providing depth absent from the documentary record, particularly with regard to African ancestry.