bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First-time fathers’ needs and experiences of transition to fatherhood in relation to their mental health and wellbeing: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Baldwin Sharin , Bick Debra 
Published: March 2017

Review question/objective
This qualitative review seeks to identify first-time fathers’ needs and experiences in relation to their mental health and wellbeing during their transition to fatherhood. This will include resident first-time fathers who are either the biological or non-biological father.
The objectives are to explore first-time fathers’ experiences in relation to:Their mental health and wellbeingTheir perceived needs around mental healthThe ways in which mental health problems are manifested, recognized and acted uponThe contexts and strategies that are perceived to support mental wellbeingPerceived barriers and facilitators to accessing support for their mental health and wellbeing
Genetic Diversity and
In Vitro
Antifungal Susceptibility of 200 Clinical and Environmental Aspergillus flavus Isolates
Authors: Taghizadeh-Armaki Mojtaba , Hedayati Mohammad Taghi , Ansari Saham , Omran Saeed Mahdavi , Saber Sasan , Rafati Haleh , Zoll Jan , van der Lee Henrich A. , Melchers Willem J. G. , Verweij Paul E. , Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus flavus
has been frequently reported as the leading cause of invasive aspergillosis in certain tropical and subtropical countries. Two hundred
A. flavus
strains originating from clinical and environmental sources and collected between 2008 and 2015 were phylogenetically identified at the species level by analyzing partial β-tubulin and calmodulin genes.
In vitro
antifungal susceptibility testing was performed against antifungals using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) broth microdilution method. In addition, genotyping was performed using a short-tandem-repeat (STR) assay of a panel of six microsatellite markers (
A. flavus
2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, and 3C), in order to determine the genetic variation and the potential relationship between clinical and environmental isolates. The geometric means of the minimum inhibitory concentrations/minimum effective concentrations (MICs/MECs) of the antifungals across all isolates were (in increasing order): posaconazole, 0.13 mg/liter; anidulafungin, 0.16 mg/liter; itraconazole, 0.29 mg/liter; caspofungin, 0.42 mg/liter; voriconazole, 0.64 mg/liter; isavuconazole, 1.10 mg/liter; amphotericin B, 3.35 mg/liter; and flucytosine, 62.97 mg/liter. All of the clinical isolates were genetically different. However, an identical microsatellite genotype was found between a clinical isolate and two environmental strains. In conclusion, posaconazole and anidulafungin showed the greatest
in vitro
activity among systemic azoles and echinocandins, respectively. However, the majority of the
A. flavus
isolates showed reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B. Antifungal susceptibility of
A. flavus
was not linked with the clinical or environmental source of isolation. Microsatellite genotyping may suggest an association between clinical and environmental strains, although this requires further investigation.
Complete Nucleotide Sequences of Two VIM-1-Encoding Plasmids from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Leclercia adecarboxylata Isolates of Czech Origin
Authors: Papousek Ivo , Papagiannitsis Costas C. , Medvecky Matej , Hrabak Jaroslav , Dolejska Monika 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Two multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmids, carrying the VIM-1-encoding integron In110, were characterized. Plasmid pLec-476cz (311,758 bp), from a
Leclercia adecarboxylata
isolate, consisted of an IncHI1 backbone, a MDR region, and two accessory elements. Plasmid pKpn-431cz (142,876 bp), from a sequence type 323 (ST323)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolate, comprised IncFII
Y
-derived and pKPN3-like sequences and a mosaic region. A 40,400-bp sequence of pKpn-431cz was identical to the MDR region of pLec-476cz, indicating the
en bloc
acquisition of the VIM-1-encoding region from one plasmid by the other.
An Eight-Residue Deletion in Escherichia coli FabG Causes Temperature-Sensitive Growth and Lipid Synthesis Plus Resistance to the Calmodulin Inhibitor Trifluoperazine
Authors: Srinivas Swaminath , Cronan John E. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

FabG performs the NADPH-dependent reduction of β-keto acyl-acyl carrier protein substrates in the elongation cycle of fatty acid synthesis. We report the characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutation (
fabG
Δ
8
) in
Escherichia coli
fabG
that results from an in-frame 8-amino-acid residue deletion in the α6/α7 subdomain. This region forms part of one of the two dimerization interfaces of this tetrameric enzyme and is reported to undergo significant conformational changes upon cofactor binding, which define the entrance to the active-site cleft. The activity of the mutant enzyme is extremely thermolabile and is deficient in forming homodimers at nonpermissive temperatures with a corresponding decrease in fatty acid synthesis both
in vivo
and
in vitro
. Surprisingly, the
fabG
Δ
8
strain reverts to temperature resistance at a rate reminiscent of that of a point mutant with intragenic pseudorevertants located either on the 2-fold axes of symmetry or at the mouth of the active-site cleft. The
fabG
Δ
8
mutation also confers resistance to the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine and renders the enzyme extremely sensitive to Ca
2+
in vitro
. We also observed a significant alteration in the lipid A fatty acid composition of
fabG
Δ
8
strains but only in an
lpxC
background, probably due to alterations in the permeability of the outer membrane. These observations provide insights into the structural dynamics of FabG and hint at yet another point of regulation between fatty acid and lipid A biosynthesis.

IMPORTANCE
Membrane lipid homeostasis and its plasticity in a variety of environments are essential for bacterial survival. Since lipid biosynthesis in bacteria and plants is fundamentally distinct from that in animals, it is an ideal target for the development of antibacterial therapeutics. FabG, the subject of this study, catalyzes the first cofactor-dependent reduction in this pathway and is active only as a tetramer. This study examines the interactions responsible for tetramerization through the biochemical characterization of a novel temperature-sensitive mutation caused by a short deletion in an important helix-turn-helix motif. The mutant strain has altered phospholipid and lipid A compositions and is resistant to trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of mammalian calmodulin. Understanding its structural dynamics and its influence on lipid A synthesis also allows us to explore lipid homeostasis as a mechanism for antibiotic resistance.
The
dev
Operon Regulates the Timing of Sporulation during Myxococcus xanthus Development
Authors: Rajagopalan Ramya , Kroos Lee 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Myxococcus xanthus
undergoes multicellular development when starved. Thousands of rod-shaped cells coordinate their movements and aggregate into mounds in which cells differentiate into spores. Mutations in the
dev
operon impair development. The
dev
operon encompasses a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated (CRISPR-Cas) system. Null mutations in
devI
, a small gene at the beginning of the
dev
operon, suppress the developmental defects caused by null mutations in the downstream
devR
and
devS
genes but failed to suppress defects caused by a small in-frame deletion in
devT
. We provide evidence that the original mutant has a second-site mutation. We show that
devT
null mutants exhibit developmental defects indistinguishable from
devR
and
devS
null mutants, and a null mutation in
devI
suppresses the defects of a
devT
null mutation. The similarity of DevTRS proteins to components of the CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense (Cascade), together with our molecular characterization of
dev
mutants, support a model in which DevTRS form a Cascade-like subcomplex that negatively autoregulates
dev
transcript accumulation and prevents DevI overproduction that would strongly inhibit sporulation. Our results also suggest that DevI transiently inhibits sporulation when regulated normally. The mechanism of transient inhibition may involve MrpC, a key transcription factor, whose translation appears to be weakly inhibited by DevI. Finally, our characterization of a
devI devS
mutant indicates that very little
exo
transcript is required for sporulation, which is surprising since Exo proteins help form the polysaccharide spore coat.

IMPORTANCE
CRISPR-Cas systems typically function as adaptive immune systems in bacteria. The
dev
CRISPR-Cas system of
M. xanthus
has been proposed to prevent bacteriophage infection during development, but how
dev
controls sporulation has been elusive. Recent evidence supported a model in which DevR and DevS prevent overproduction of DevI, a predicted 40-residue inhibitor of sporulation. We provide genetic evidence that DevT functions together with DevR and DevS to prevent DevI overproduction. We also show that spores form about 6 h earlier in mutants lacking
devI
than in the wild type. Only a minority of natural isolates appear to have a functional
dev
promoter and
devI
, suggesting that a functional
dev
CRISPR-Cas system evolved recently in niches where delayed sporulation and/or protection from bacteriophage infection proved advantageous.
Translation of the international outcome inventory for hearing aids into Portuguese from Portugal
Authors: Paiva Sofia M M , Simões João F C P M , Paiva António M Diogo , Sousa Francisco J F Castro e , Bébéar Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo translate the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) Questionnaire from English to Portuguese (from Portugal) and to validate this instrument of study on the Portuguese population.DesignIn this prospective study, a translation from English into Portuguese of the IOI-HA was performed, and linguistic adaptation and counter translation were also accomplished. The data were analysed for internal consistency testing for correlations between each individual item and the total score of the IOI-HA, assessing the Cronbach α and performing test–retest analysis.Setting and participants80 hearing aid users aged 18 years or older were recruited from an ear, nose and throat (ENT) appointment in Coimbra's hospital, Portugal. 84% of the participants were unilateral hearing aid users, whereas 16% were bilateral users.InterventionsThe patients volunteered to answer the questionnaire during an ENT appointment. All of the patients had been using the hearing aids for more than 3 years.After the first application of the questionnaire, a new appointment was planned for retesting, within at least 7 days to no more than 60 days. 29 participants answered the questionnaire again according to the same procedure.ResultsThe mean IOI-HA total score in the study population was 27.33±4.93 (9–35). The mean values obtained for each item of the questionnaire ranged from 3.19 to 4.54. The Cronbach α was 0.838 and the Cronbach α values when the item was removed, were also significantly strong. The test–retest analysis revealed no differences between the paired groups.ConclusionsIn the present study a valid and reliable translation and adaptation of the IOI-HA into Portuguese from Portugal is proposed. This tool will be available for clinical assessment of hearing aid users.
Retrospective review of Surgical Availability and Readiness in 8 African countries
Authors: Spiegel D A , Droti B , Relan P , Hobson S , Cherian M N , O'Neill K 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess surgical availability and readiness in 8 African countries using the WHO's Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool.SettingWe analysed data for surgical services, including basic and comprehensive surgery, comprehensive obstetric care, blood transfusion, and infection prevention, obtained from the WHO's SARA surveys in Sierra Leone, Uganda, Mauritania, Benin, Zambia, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo and Togo.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAmong the facilities that were expected to offer surgical services (N=3492), there were wide disparities between the countries in the number of facilities per 100 000 population that reported offering basic surgery (1.0–12.1), comprehensive surgery (0.1–0.8), comprehensive obstetric care (0.1–0.8) and blood transfusion (0.1–0.8). Only 0.1–0.3 facilities per 100 000 population had all three bellwether procedures available, namely laparotomy, open fracture management and caesarean section. In all the countries, the facilities that reported offering surgical services generally had a shortage of the necessary items for offering the services and this varied greatly between the countries, with the facilities having on average 27–53% of the items necessary for offering basic surgery, 56–83% for comprehensive surgery, 49–72% for comprehensive obstetric care and 54–80% for blood transfusion. Furthermore, few facilities had all the necessary items present. However, facilities that reported offering surgical services had on average most of the necessary items for the prevention of infection.ConclusionsThere are important gaps in the surgical services in the 8 African countries surveyed. Efforts are therefore urgently needed to address deficiencies in the availability and readiness to deliver surgical services in these nations, and this will require commitment from multiple stakeholders. SARA may be used to monitor availability and readiness at regular intervals, which will enable stakeholders to evaluate progress and identify gaps and areas for improvement.
Impact of gender on event rates at 1 year in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation: contemporary perspective from the GARFIELD-AF registry
Authors: Camm A John , Accetta Gabriele , Al Mahmeed Wael , Ambrosio Giuseppe , Goldhaber Samuel Z , Haas Sylvia , Jansky Petr , Kayani Gloria , Misselwitz Frank , Oh Seil , Oto Ali , Raatikainen Pekka , Steffel Jan , van Eickels Martin , Kakkar Ajay K 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesGlobal Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) explored the impact of gender, risk factors and anticoagulant (AC) treatment on 1-year outcomes in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).DesignGARFIELD-AF is a prospective non-interventional registry.SettingInvestigator sites (n=1048) are representative of the care settings/locations in each of the 35 countries.ParticipantsPatients ≥18yrs with newly diagnosed (≤6 weeks' duration) NVAF and ≥1 investigator-determined stroke risk factors.Main outcome measuresEvent rates per 100 person-years were estimated from the Poisson model and HRs and 95% CIs calculated.ResultsOf 28 624 patients (women 44.4%; men 55.6%) enrolled, there were more elderly (≥75 years) women (46.9%) than men (30.4%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years (95% CI) for women and men were 4.48 (4.12 to 4.87) and 4.04 (3.74 to 4.38), respectively, stroke/systemic embolism (SE) (1.62 (1.41 to 1.87) and 1.17 (1.01 to 1.36)) and major bleeding (0.93 (0.78 to 1.13) and 0.79 (0.66 to 0.95)). After adjustment for baseline risk factors in treated and untreated patients, HRs (95% CI) for women (relative to men) for stroke/SE rates were 1.3-fold higher in women (HR 1.30 (1.04 to 1.63)), and similar for major bleeding (1.13 (0.85 to 1.50)) and all-cause mortality (1.05 (0.92 to 1.19)). Antithrombotic treatment patterns in men and women were almost identical. 63.8% women and 62.9% men received AC± antiplatelets. Relative to no AC treatment, the reduction in stroke/SE rates with AC treatment was greater (p=0.01) in men (HR 0.45 (0.33 to 0.61)) than women 0.77 (0.57 to 1.03). All-cause mortality reduction with AC treatment was similar (women: 0.65 (0.54 to 0.77); men: 0.57 (0.48 to 0.68)). The risk of major bleeding when treated with AC versus no AC was 2.33 (1.41 to 3.84) in men and 1.86 (1.16 to 2.99) in women (p value=0.53).ConclusionsWomen have a higher risk of stroke/SE and the reduction in stroke/SE events rates with AC treatment is less in women than in men.Trial registration numberNCT01090362.
Discrete orthogonality of the analytic wavelets in the Hardy space of the upper half plane
Authors: Eisner Tímea , Pap Margit 
Published: March 2017

We will prove that the analytic orthogonal wavelet-system, which was introduced by Feichtinger and Pap in [Hyperbolic wavelets and multiresolution in the Hardy space of the upper half plane, in Blaschke Products and Their Applications: Fields Institute Communications, Vol. 65 (Springer, New York, 2013), pp. 193–208] is discrete orthogonal too. We will discuss the discrete orthogonality and the properties of the reproducing kernel functions of the introduced wavelet-spaces.
On Subtyping-Relation Completeness, with an Application to Iso-Recursive Types
Authors: Ligatti Jay , Blackburn Jeremy , Nachtigal Michael 
Published: March 2017

Well-known techniques exist for proving the soundness of subtyping relations with respect to type safety. However, completeness has not been treated with widely applicable techniques, as far as we’re aware.
This article develops techniques for stating and proving that a subtyping relation is complete with respect to type safety and applies the techniques to the study of iso-recursive subtyping. A new proof technique, induction on failing derivations, is provided that may be useful in other domains as well.

The common subtyping rules for iso-recursive types—the “Amber rules”—are shown to be incomplete with respect to type safety. That is, there exist iso-recursive types τ
1
and τ
2
such that τ
1
can safely be considered a subtype of τ
2
, but τ
1
⩽ τ
2
is not derivable with the Amber rules.

New, algorithmic rules are defined for subtyping iso-recursive types, and the rules are proved sound and complete with respect to type safety. The fully implemented subtyping algorithm is optimized to run in
O
(
mn
) time, where
m
is the number of μ-terms in the types being considered and
n
is the size of the types being considered.
Characterization of the Anti–PD-1 Antibody REGN2810 and Its Antitumor Activity in HumanPD-1Knock-In Mice
Authors: Burova Elena , Hermann Aynur , Waite Janelle , Potocky Terra , Lai Venus , Hong Seongwon , Liu Matt , Allbritton Omaira , Woodruff Amy , Wu Qi , D’Orvilliers Amanda , Garnova Elena , Rafique Ashique , Poueymirou William , Martin Joel , Huang Tammy , Skokos Dimitris , Kantrowitz Joel , Popke Jon , Mohrs Markus , MacDonald Douglas , Ioffe Ella , Olson William , Lowy Israel , Murphy Andrew , Thurston Gavin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) receptor delivers inhibitory checkpoint signals to activated T cells upon binding to its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressed on antigen-presenting cells and cancer cells, resulting in suppression of T-cell effector function and tumor immune evasion. Clinical antibodies blocking the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 restore the cytotoxic function of tumor antigen-specific T cells, yielding durable objective responses in multiple cancers. This report describes the preclinical characterization of REGN2810, a fully human hinge-stabilized IgG4(S228P) high-affinity anti–PD-1 antibody that potently blocks PD-1 interactions with PD-L1 and PD-L2. REGN2810 was characterized in a series of binding, blocking, and functional cell-based assays, and preclinical in vivo studies in mice and monkeys. In cell-based assays, REGN2810 reverses PD-1–dependent attenuation of T-cell receptor signaling in engineered T cells and enhances responses of human primary T cells. To test the in vivo activity of REGN2810, which does not cross-react with murine PD-1, knock-in mice were generated to express a hybrid protein containing the extracellular domain of human PD-1, and transmembrane and intracellular domains of mouse PD-1. In these mice, REGN2810 binds the humanized PD-1 receptor and inhibits growth of MC38 murine tumors. As REGN2810 binds to cynomolgus monkey PD-1 with high affinity, pharmacokinetic and toxicologic assessment of REGN2810 was performed in cynomolgus monkeys. High doses of REGN2810 were well tolerated, without adverse immune-related effects. These preclinical studies validate REGN2810 as a potent and promising candidate for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(5); 861–70. ©2017 AACR.
The Nature of Phonetic Gradience across a Dialect Continuum: Evidence from Modern Greek Vowels
Authors: Themistocleous Charalambos 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This study investigates the acoustic properties of vowels in 2 Modern Greek varieties: Standard Modern Greek (SMG) and Cypriot Greek (CG). Both varieties contain in their phonetic inventories the same 5 vowels. Forty-five female speakers between 19 and 29 years old participated in this study: 20 SMG speakers and 25 CG speakers, born and raised in Athens and Nicosia, respectively. Stimuli consisted of a set of nonsense CVCV and VCV words, each containing 1 of the 5 Greek vowels in stressed and unstressed position. Gaining insights from the controlled experimental design, the study sheds light on the gradient effects of vowel variation in Modern Greek. It shows that (1) stressed vowels are more peripheral than unstressed vowels, (2) SMG unstressed /i a u/ vowels are more raised than the corresponding CG vowels, (3) SMG unstressed vowels are shorter than CG unstressed vowels, and (4) SMG /i·u/ are more rounded than the corresponding CG vowels. Moreover, it shows that variation applies to specific subsystems, as it is the unstressed vowels that vary cross-varietally whereas the stressed vowels display only minor differences. The implications of these findings with respect to vowel raising and vowel reduction are discussed.
Nonnative Accent Discrimination with Words and Sentences
Authors: Atagi Eriko , Bent Tessa 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background: Accent detection studies have shown native listeners to be highly sensitive to the presence of nonnative accents. This study examined the robustness of this sensitivity. Methods: We evaluated listeners' accent discrimination performance when presented with a stimulus set consisting of multiple nonnative accents, as well as words and sentences that were unique in each trial. Listeners heard pairs of talkers reading the same word or sentence and indicated whether the talkers' native languages were the same or different. Talkers included two native talkers and six nonnative talkers from three native language backgrounds. Results: Listeners were highly sensitive to the difference between native and nonnative accents, confirming earlier findings, but were much less sensitive to the difference between two nonnative accents. Furthermore, while stimulus length affected listeners' sensitivity to the difference between native and nonnative accents, this factor had a minimal effect on their sensitivity to the difference between two nonnative accents. Conclusion: The findings suggest that task and stimulus characteristics have a significant effect on the degree of sensitivity to nonnative accents.