bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast heuristics for the time‐constrained immobile server problem
Authors: Colley Adam Q. , Olinick Eli V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe propose easy‐to‐implement heuristics for time‐constrained applications of a problem referred to in the literature as the facility location problem with immobile servers, stochastic demand, and congestion, the service system design problem, or the immobile server problem (ISP). The problem is typically posed as one of allocating capacity to a set of M/M/1 queues to which customers with stochastic demand are assigned with the objective of minimizing a cost function composed of a fixed capacity‐acquisition cost, a variable customer‐assignment cost, and an expected‐waiting‐time cost. The expected‐waiting‐time cost results in a nonlinear term in the objective function of the standard binary programming formulation of the problem. Thus, the solution approaches proposed in the literature are either sophisticated linearization or relaxation schemes, or metaheuristics. In this study, we demonstrate that an ensemble of straightforward, greedy heuristics can rapidly find high‐quality solutions. In addition to filling a gap in the literature on ISP heuristics, new stopping criteria for an existing cutting plane algorithm are proposed and tested, and a new mixed‐integer linear model requiring no iterating algorithm is developed. In many cases, our heuristic approach finds solutions of the same or better quality than those found by exact methods implemented with expensive, state‐of‐the‐art mathematical programming software, in particular a commercial nonlinear mixed‐integer linear programming solver, given a five‐minute time limit.
Geopolymers made using organic bases. Part III: Cast magnesium, yttrium, and zinc aluminosilicate and silicate ceramics
Authors: Samuel Devon M. , Kriven Waltraud M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt was shown in Part II of this series of articles that geopolymers synthesized with organic bases could be used as precursors to mullite and mullite + glass composites. A natural next step is to determine whether it is possible to synthesize materials outside the Al2O3·SiO2 and alkali oxide·Al2O3·SiO2 phase systems. Hence, the focus of this study was the use of geopolymer‐like processing to make preceramic bodies with magnesium, yttrium, and zinc aluminosilicate and silicate compositions. These preceramics were successfully fired into monolithic bodies of cordierite, mixed yttrium and aluminum silicates, yttrium disilicate, and willemite. The synthesis of these preceramics employed a guanidine silicate solution, a synthetic oxide powder, and in some cases metakaolin to reach the oxide composition of the ceramic. All solidified within 3 days at 20°C or 50°C, depending on the composition. For the first time, this study showed that Y2O3 and ZnO can react with silicate solutions to give some Y‐O‐Si and Zn‐O‐Si bonding analogous to Al‐O‐Si bonding in geopolymers. These results suggest that other silicate compositions may be possible, such as with the rare earth oxides, which might be valuable to process like a geopolymer rather than by traditional ceramic processing. However, the ceramics made here were generally porous due to the expansion of gases within the sample that were trapped by a viscous liquid phase during firing.
Parent Perspectives on Parent‐Mediated Intervention for Young Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Walsh Madison M. , Van Deusen Kaylyn , Pinks Miranda E. , Ceci Benedetta , Hepburn Susan , Riggs Nathanial R. , Pulina Francesca , Marcolin Chiara , Onnivello Sara , Colaianni Sara , Gray Bethany , Daunhauer Lisa A. , Lanfranchi Silvia , Fidler Deborah J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundParent‐mediated intervention (PMI) is a potentially scalable approach for tailored interventions in neurogenetic conditions like Down syndrome (DS). Because PMIs require ongoing parent engagement, they must be developed in alignment with the needs of intended users. The present study examined caregiver opinions and preferences to inform the development of syndrome‐informed interventions for children with DS.MethodParents of children with DS (n = 34) participated in focus groups discussing PMI. Interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis was applied to code the data.ResultsThree themes were identified: advantages of PMI, disadvantages of PMI and preferred features of PMI. To align with parent preferences, future PMIs for children with DS should require a brief time commitment, blend intervention activities into daily routines and include family members in activities.ConclusionsFindings have implications for developing novel interventions to support early development in children with DS and other neurogenetic conditions.
The management of nonearnings measures: Evidence from initial public offering firms
Authors: Han Snow Xue , Hsieh Su‐Jane 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInconsistent with the conventional view that initial public offering firms (IPOs) manage earnings upward to boost offering prices, we posit that IPOs, which are usually in the early stage of their life cycle, focus on sales growth. Using quarterly analyses, we find that both high‐tech and non‐high‐tech IPOs opportunistically manage sales upward in the pre‐IPO period. While high‐tech IPOs manage sales upward via premature revenue recognition and activities‐sales management, non‐high‐tech IPOs only engage in premature revenue recognition practice. Moreover, both subgroups spend aggressively on discretionary expenses during the pre‐IPO period. However, the two subgroups differ in their manipulation of earnings and R&D. Intangible‐intensive high‐tech IPOs not only do not engage in upward accruals earnings management but also exhibit income‐decreasing behavior through intensive R&D spending in the pre‐IPO period. In contrast, non‐high‐tech IPOs incur significant abnormal accruals to opportunistically inflate earnings in the lockup period but do not engage in aggressive R&D spending. Finally, we find subsequent operating performance reversal among IPOs engaged in earnings and nonearnings manipulation except for activities‐sales management.
Effect of ultrasonication and temperature on hydration process and hardness of two cowpea types
Authors: Rostamirad Sholeh , Duodu K. G. , Meyer J. P. , Sharifpur M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUltrasonication deployment provides a green and non‐thermal option to traditional hydrothermal treatment. This study presents the impact of ultrasonication and soaking temperatures (30 and 50°C) on the water uptake and hardness of two cowpea types under increasing soaking times (15–240 min). Moisture content and hardness of the studied samples were measured using standard test methods and instruments. An increase in soaking temperature and the use of ultrasonication enhanced water uptake and reduced hardness. Ultrasonication improved mass transfer, which enhanced the diffusion of water uptake. The samples' water uptake and softening characteristics were significantly modeled with high accuracy (R2 = 0.99) using sigmoidal and first‐order kinetics equations, respectively. The impact of sonication was found to be more significant at 30°C soaking of the studied cowpeas as the soaking time increased. This work justified using ultrasonication as a green technique to enhance the softening of cowpeas.
Anatomical Considerations for Thread Lifting Procedure
Authors: Hong Gi‐Woong , Kim Soo‐Bin , Park Youngjin , Park Soo Yeon , Chan Lisa Kwin Wah , Lee Kar Wai Alvin , Sydorchuk Olena , Wan Jovian , Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThread lifting is a minimally invasive procedure that enhances facial aesthetics by repositioning sagging tissues with absorbable threads. It requires a comprehensive understanding of facial anatomy for safe and effective results.AimsThis study aims to highlight the critical anatomical considerations in thread lifting, including the navigation of facial vascular structures, the protection of facial nerves, manipulation of fat compartments, and engagement of retaining ligaments. These factors are essential for minimizing complications and achieving optimal outcomes.Patients/MethodsA review was conducted focusing on the anatomical elements critical to thread lifting. The study analyzed clinical outcomes related to vascular structures, nerve pathways, fat compartments, and ligaments in patients undergoing the procedure.ResultsThe review revealed that careful navigation of facial blood vessels is crucial to avoid complications such as bleeding and bruising. Knowledge of facial nerve pathways is essential to prevent nerve damage, which could result in facial weakness or paralysis. Proper manipulation of facial fat compartments helps address aging‐related changes, and engaging retaining ligaments is vital for a sustainable lift without tissue distortion.ConclusionsThread lifting demands not only technical skill but also a deep understanding of facial anatomy to ensure patient safety and desired aesthetic results. Expertise in these anatomical considerations is essential for minimizing complications and preserving the natural function of facial structures.
Amniotic fluid glucose concentration as a predictor of fetal trisomy
Authors: Konno Megumi , Miura Hiroshi , Sato Akira , Fujishima Akiko , Makino Kenichi , Shirasawa Hiromitsu , Nomura Kyoko , Terada Yukihiro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimWe aimed to assess the amniotic fluid glucose concentration cut‐off as an indicator of fetal chromosomal abnormalities, such as trisomy 13, 18, and 21.MethodsThis prospective observational study included pregnant females who underwent amniocentesis. Participants were divided into two groups on the border of 22 weeks of gestational age (<22 and ≥22‐week groups).ResultsIn total, 224 pregnant females were included in the analysis. In the <22 week group, 15 females had trisomies 13/18/21 and 174 females had no trisomies. In the ≥22 week group, 18 females had trisomies 13/18/21 and 17 had no trisomies. In each group, there was a difference in amniotic fluid glucose concentration between fetuses with trisomies 13, 18, and 21 and other fetuses with normal karyotype or minor chromosomal abnormalities. In both groups, the amniotic glucose concentration was noticeably lower in trisomies 13/18/21 (p = 0.002 in the <22 week group; p = 0.039 in the ≥22 week group). According to receiver operating characteristic curves, the optimal cut‐off point of glucose concentration was 46 mg/dL in the <22 week group (odds ratio 6.55; 95% confidence interval 1.78–24.1) and 24 mg/dL in the ≥22 week group (odds ratio 8.40; 95% confidence interval 1.83–38.6).ConclusionsOur study suggested that glucose concentration in amniotic fluid is an indicator of trisomy 13, 18, and 21. Amniotic fluid glucose concentration itself does not diagnose fetal trisomy, but this may be helpful in selecting treatment facilities.
Factors associated with early sexual onset and delaying sex in rural middle school youth
Authors: Imburgia Teresa M. , Hensel Devon J. , Hunt Abby , James Rebecca , Zhang Jianjun , Cote Michele L. , Ott Mary A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeEarly sexual onset contributes to poor health outcomes through the life course. We use the social behavioral model to examine the behaviors and attitudes associated with early sexual onset and the intention to delay sex in middle school youth.MethodsYouth in rural communities with high rates of hepatitis C and HIV filled out a survey prior to implementation of an evidence‐based sex education program. Participants were asked if they had ever had sex and whether they planned to abstain from sex until the end of high school. We collected demographics, attitudes about abstinence, agency for sexual refusal, parent communication, sexual health knowledge, and history of system involvement. Logistic regression was utilized to examine factors associated with each outcome.FindingsOur sample included 6,799 students, 12.7 years old ± 0.9 and 50.3% female. 5.1% had ever had sex and 73.9% planned to abstain until the end of high school. Early sexual onset was associated with older age, negative attitudes toward abstinence, lower agency for sexual refusal, more frequent parent communication about sex, history of child welfare, and history of juvenile involvement. Planning to abstain until the end of high school was associated with being younger, female, positive attitudes toward abstinence, higher agency for sexual refusal, less communication with parents about sex, more communication with parents about relationships, not having a history of foster involvement, and not having a history of juvenile involvement.ConclusionsAge, agency, and parent communication were all associated with both outcomes. Our findings highlight the importance of early comprehensive, trauma‐informed sex education.
Discovery of Knock‐Down Resistance in the Major African Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus
Authors: Odero Joel O. , Dennis Tristan P. W. , Polo Brian , Nwezeobi Joachim , Boddé Marilou , Nagi Sanjay C. , Hernandez‐Koutoucheva Anastasia , Nambunga Ismail H. , Bwanary Hamis , Mkandawile Gustav , Govella Nicodem J. , Kaindoa Emmanuel W. , Ferguson Heather M. , Ochomo Eric , Clarkson Chris S. , Miles Alistair , Lawniczak Mara K. N. , Weetman David , Baldini Francesco , Okumu Fredros O. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA major insecticide resistance mechanism in insect pests is knock‐down resistance (kdr) caused by mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel (Vgsc) gene. Despite being common in most malaria Anopheles vector species, kdr mutations have never been observed in Anopheles funestus, the principal malaria vector in Eastern and Southern Africa, with resistance mainly being conferred by detoxification enzymes. In a parallel study, we monitored 10 populations of An. funestus in Tanzania for insecticide resistance unexpectedly identified resistance to a banned insecticide, DDT, in the Morogoro region. Through whole‐genome sequencing of 333 An. funestus samples from these populations, we found eight novel amino acid substitutions in the Vgsc gene, including the kdr variant, L976F (equivalent to L995F in An. gambiae), in tight linkage disequilibrium with another (P1842S). The mutants were found only at high frequency in one region and were accompanied by weak signatures of a selective sweep, with a significant decline between 2017 and 2023. Notably, kdr L976F was strongly associated with survivorship to exposure to DDT insecticide, while no clear association was noted with a pyrethroid insecticide (deltamethrin). The WHO prequalifies no DDT products for vector control, and the chemical is banned in Tanzania. Widespread DDT contamination and a legacy of extensive countrywide stockpiles may have selected for this mutation. Continued monitoring is necessary to understand the origin of kdr in An. funestus, and the threat posed to insecticide‐based vector control in Africa.
Evolution and Plasticity of Gene Expression Under Progressive Warming in Drosophila subobscura
Authors: Antunes Marta A. , Santos Marta A. , Quina Ana S. , Santos Mauro , Matos Margarida , Simões Pedro 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the molecular mechanisms of thermal adaptation is crucial to predict the impacts of global warming. However, there is still a lack of research on the effects of rising temperatures over time and of studies involving different populations from the same species. The present study focuses on these two aspects, which are of great importance in understanding how organisms cope and adapt to ongoing changes in their environment. This study investigates the impact of global warming on the gene expression patterns of Drosophila subobscura populations from two different latitudinal locations after 23 generations of evolution. Our results indicate that evolutionary changes depend on the genetic background of the populations, with different starting points for thermal evolution, and that high‐latitude populations show more pronounced evolutionary changes, with some evidence of convergence towards low‐latitude populations. We found an interplay between plasticity and selection, with the high‐latitude population showing fewer initial plastic genes and lower levels of adaptive plasticity, but a greater magnitude of change in both plastic and selective responses during evolution under warming conditions compared with its low‐latitude counterpart. A substantial proportion of the transcriptome was observed to be evolving, despite the lack of observable response at higher‐order phenotypic traits. The interplay between plasticity and selection may prove to be an essential component in shaping species’ evolutionary responses to climate change. Furthermore, the value of conducting studies on multiple populations of the same species is emphasised, given the identification of differences between populations with different backgrounds in several contexts.
Data‐driven machine learning for multi‐hazard fragility surfaces in seismic resilience analysis
Authors: Harati Mojtaba , van de Lindt John W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOffshore earthquakes and subsequent tsunamis pose significant risks to many coastal populations worldwide. This paper introduces a data‐driven machine learning model that synthesizes accurate 3D earthquake–tsunami fragility surfaces from randomly selected 2D fragility curves. The integration of physics‐based simulations enhances the model's reliability for these specific hazards, making it a valuable tool for multi‐hazard analysis in earthquake–tsunami contexts. Additionally, by shifting 2D fragility curves to represent retrofitted structural systems, the model can generate earthquake–tsunami fragility surfaces for community‐level mitigation studies. While the model is demonstrated for earthquake–tsunami scenarios, its methodology architecture has the potential to contribute to other multi‐hazard situations for the initial conditions in multi‐hazard community resilience analysis.
ATP‐binding cassette transporter TaABCG2 contributes to Fusarium head blight resistance by mediating salicylic acid transport in wheat
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Zhou , Man Jie , Wen Lan , Tan Si‐Qi , Liu Shun‐Li , Li Ying‐Hui , Qi Peng‐Fei , Jiang Qian‐Tao , Wei Yu‐Ming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters hydrolyse ATP to transport various substrates. Previous studies have shown that ABC transporters are responsible for transporting plant hormones and heavy metals, thus contributing to plant immunity. Herein, we identified a wheat G‐type ABC transporter, TaABCG2‐5B, that responds to salicylic acid (SA) treatment and is induced by Fusarium graminearum, the primary pathogen causing Fusarium head blight (FHB). The loss‐of‐function mutation of TaABCG2‐5B (ΔTaabcg2‐5B) reduced SA accumulation and increased susceptibility to F. graminearum. Conversely, overexpression of TaABCG2‐5B (OE‐TaABCG2‐5B) exerted the opposite effect. Quantification of intracellular SA in ΔTaabcg2‐5B and OE‐TaABCG2‐5B protoplasts revealed that TaABCG2‐5B acts as an importer, facilitating the transport of SA into the cytoplasm. This role was further confirmed by Cd2+ absorption experiments in wheat roots, indicating that TaABCG2‐5B also participates in Cd2+ transport. Thus, TaABCG2‐5B acts as an importer and is crucial for transporting multiple substrates. Notably, the homologous gene TaABCG2‐5A also facilitated Cd2+ uptake in wheat roots but did not significantly influence SA accumulation or FHB resistance. Therefore, TaABCG2 could be a valuable target for enhancing wheat tolerance to Cd2+ and improving FHB resistance.
Hippocampal dentate granule cells in temporal lobe epilepsy: A morphometry and transcriptomic study
Authors: Twible Carolyn , Abdo Rober , Zhao Chelsey , Zhang Qi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe dentate gyrus (DG) plays a critical role in hippocampal circuitry, providing a “gate‐like” function to the downstream cornu ammonis (CA) sectors. Despite this critical role, pathologies in DG are less commonly described than those in the CA sectors in the diagnosis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). To elucidate the role of the DG in mTLE, we analysed hippocampal sclerosis (HS), no‐HS, non‐TLE epilepsy control, and non‐epilepsy control cohorts using morphometry and gene expression profiling techniques. Morphometry techniques analysed DG cell spacing, nucleus size, and nucleus circularity. Our data show distinct DG morphometry and RNA expression profiles between HS and No‐HS. Dentate granule cells are more dispersed in patients with HS, and the DG shows an elevated expression of the complement system, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix remodelling–related RNA. We also observe an overall decrease in neurogenesis‐related RNA in HS DG. Interestingly, regardless of the pathological diagnosis, the DG morphometry correlates with post‐operative outcomes. Increased cell spacing is observed in the DG of mTLE cases that achieve seizure freedom post‐operatively. This study reveals the possible prognostic value of DG morphometry, as well as supporting the notion that HS and no‐HS TLE may be distinct disease entities with differing contributing mechanisms.
Determining the relationship between moral intelligence and compassion fatigue in intensive care nurses
Authors: Süha Burcu Kübra , Gülsoy Zuhal , Karagözoglu Şerife 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundCompassion and moral intelligence occupy a very significant place in ensuring quality in health care services, increasing patient satisfaction, reducing side effects, increasing patient safety and accelerating the healing process.AimThis study was conducted to determine the relationship between moral intelligence and compassion fatigue in nurses working in intensive care units.Study DesignIn this descriptive and cross‐sectional study, 180 nurses working in intensive care units of a hospital comprised the population of the study. Of them, 114 who agreed to participate in the study were included in the study sample. The Personal Information Form, Yakut Moral Intelligence Scale (YMIS) and Compassion Fatigue‐Short Scale were used as data collection tools. The scales and forms used in the study were created on Google Form. Nurses were visited in intensive care units, and the forms were given to them. Then the participating nurses filled in the forms.ResultsOf the nurses participating in the study, 69.3% were women and 65.4% had a bachelor's degree. The analysis of the correlation between the scores obtained from the sub‐dimensions of the YMIS by the nurses participating in the study demonstrated that there was a negative, low‐level significant relationship between the self‐control and kindness sub‐dimensions of the YMIS. As the nurses' compassion fatigue levels increased, their self‐control and kindness levels decreased.ConclusionsIt can be said that as compassion fatigue levels increase in nurses, their moral intelligence levels decrease. Therefore, diagnosing compassion fatigue in nurses and taking precautions to prevent them from suffering from fatigue are of significant importance.Relevance to Clinical PracticeBy determining the healthy intelligence and compensation spending levels of health workers, organizing maid training will increase the service and care provided.