bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation of Age, Sex and Bone Mineral Density to Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Chinese Women and Men
Authors: Wei Qiu‐shi , Chen Zhen‐qiu , Tan Xin , Su Hai‐rong , Chen Xiao‐xiang , He Wei , Deng Wei‐min 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the relation of circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels to age, sex, and bone mineral density (BMD) in adults living in Guangzhou Province.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study comprised 188 women and 122 men aged 17–88 years who were randomly sampled among community‐dwelling Guangzhou residents. BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), procollagen I N‐terminal peptide, and beta C‐telopeptide of collagen were assayed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were divided into four subgroups: severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL), deficiency (10–20 ng/mL), insufficiency (20–30 ng/mL), and sufficiency (≥30 ng/mL).ResultsThe mean age of participants was 47.39 ± 19.32 years. Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in women than men (25.35 ± 6.59 ng/mL vs 27.25 ± 7.94 ng/mL, P < 0.05). The prevalence of 25(OH)D severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL) was 1.6% in men, zero in women; 25(OH)D deficiency (10–20 ng/mL) was 22.9% in women and 20.5% in men; and 25(OH)D insufficiency (20–30 ng/mL) was 73.4% in women and 65.6% in men. An inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and age (r = −0.249, P < 0.01) was observed in men, but no correlation was found in women (r = 0.130, P > 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D levels were positively associated with lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD (r = 0.382, P < 0.01; r = 0.384, P < 0.01, respectively) in elderly women and (r = 0.332, P < 0.05; r = 0.260, P < 0.05, respectively) and in young men. When adjustments were made for age, correlations between serum 25(OH)D levels and lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD persisted (r = 0.325, P < 0.05; r = 0.323, P < 0.05, respectively) in elderly women. However, age‐adjusted serum 25(OH)D levels were positively correlated with BMD at lumbar spine (r = 0.278, P < 0.05) but not at femoral neck (r = 0.165, P > 0.05) in young men. No association between unadjusted or age‐adjusted serum 25(OH)D levels and lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD was found in young and middle‐aged women and in middle‐aged and elderly men. Neither serum PTH levels nor bone turnover markers were related to unadjusted and age‐adjusted serum 25(OH)D levels in our participants.ConclusionMore than two‐third of participants residing in Guangzhou had vitamin D insufficiency. Serum 25(OH)D level is an important biomarker for BMD in elderly women and young men.
On G.E. Moore’S ‘Proof of an External World’
Authors: Weatherall James Owen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA new reading of G.E. Moore's ‘Proof of an External World’ is offered, on which the Proof is understood as a unique and essential part of an anti‐sceptical strategy that Moore worked out early in his career and developed in various forms, from 1909 until his death in 1958. I begin by ignoring the Proof and by developing a reading of Moore's broader response to scepticism. The bulk of the article is then devoted to understanding what role the Proof plays in Moore's strategy, and how that role is played.
The influence of alternative pathways of respiration that utilize branched‐chain amino acids following water shortage in Arabidopsis
Authors: Pires Marcel V. , Pereira Júnior Adilson A. , Medeiros David B. , Daloso Danilo M. , Pham Phuong Anh , Barros Kallyne A. , Engqvist Martin K. M. , Florian Alexandra , Krahnert Ina , Maurino Veronica G. , Araújo Wagner L. , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDuring dark‐induced senescence isovaleryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (IVDH) and D‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D‐2HGDH) act as alternate electron donors to the ubiquinol pool via the electron‐transfer flavoprotein/electron‐transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF/ETFQO) pathway. However, the role of this pathway in response to other stresses still remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that this alternative pathway is associated with tolerance to drought in Arabidopsis. In comparison with wild type (WT) and lines overexpressing D‐2GHDH, loss‐of‐function etfqo‐1, d2hgdh‐2 and ivdh‐1 mutants displayed compromised respiration rates and were more sensitive to drought. Our results demonstrated that an operational ETF/ETFQO pathway is associated with plants' ability to withstand drought and to recover growth once water becomes replete. Drought‐induced metabolic reprogramming resulted in an increase in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and total amino acid levels, as well as decreases in protein, starch and nitrate contents. The enhanced levels of the branched‐chain amino acids in loss‐of‐function mutants appear to be related to their increased utilization as substrates for the TCA cycle under water stress. Our results thus show that mitochondrial metabolism is highly active during drought stress responses and provide support for a role of alternative respiratory pathways within this response.
Boundaries of the wolf and the wild: a conceptual examination of the relationship between rewilding and animal reintroduction
Authors: Arts Koen , Fischer Anke , van der Wal René 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAnimal reintroduction and rewilding are two widely appealing and frequently connected forms of ecological restoration. However, the critical assumption that animal reintroduction automatically helps to restore formerly wild places is under‐theorized. To fill this void, we identified three common rewilding elements from the literature—ecological functioning, wilderness experience, and natural autonomy—and screened these against a hypothetical wolf reintroduction to Scotland. Each of the rewilding elements was likely to be positively impacted by a wolf reintroduction. Yet, there is a key conceptual difficulty in that the different rewilding elements do not necessarily enforce each other, and at times may even collide. Thus, a reintroduced species like the wolf may obfuscate the clear‐cut, purified nature category to which rewilding often aspires. As a way forward, we suggest that there is merit in actively engaging with the tensions created by rewilding and reintroductions. A reconceptualisation of the nature–culture spectrum as consisting of multiple layers (e.g. ecological functioning, wilderness experience, and natural autonomy) may help to interpret ecological restoration as a tentative, deliberative, and gradual enterprise. This bears some resemblance to the notion of approaching a landscape like a ‘palimpsest’ (i.e. a text built up of different layers written on top of each other), which may support the reconciliation of conflicting views without necessarily making those disappear. When viewed as feeding into a multilayered nature–culture spectrum, animal reintroduction and rewilding can be promoted as inspiring and essentially non‐controlling forms of ecological restoration and human interaction with nature.
Long‐term pockmark maintenance by fluid seepage and subsurface sediment mobilization – sedimentological investigations in Lake Neuchâtel
Authors: Loher Markus , Reusch Anna , Strasser Michael 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPockmarks and mud volcanoes from marine and lacustrine environments are thought to be the surface expression of focused fluid flow (gas and/or water). However, the control fluid flow exerts on the sediment dynamics and rates of activity of such features, especially the maintenance and growth of pockmarks, is not well understood. This study suggests that variable fluid flow is the driving process that has maintained two lacustrine pockmarks over thousands of years. In Lake Neuchâtel (western Switzerland), the currently active Chez‐le‐Bart Pockmark (diameter ca 160 m, depth ca 10 m) and the Treytel Pockmark (diameter ca 100 m, depth ca 4 m) indicate ‘quiescent’ fluid flow as well as past, ‘eruptive’, events of subsurface sediment mobilization. This study aims to test the hypothesis that phases of increased fluid flow through the pockmarks have led to the remobilization and spilling of sediment over the pockmark rims, and that different modes of activity phases are responsible for their maintenance and growth. So termed ‘subsurface sediment mobilization deposits’ are visible in seismic profiles and correlate to specific, sedimentary intervals in Kullenberg‐type long piston cores. In a detailed analysis, different modes of transport are recognized, which are attributed to high‐density flows that correspond to multiple pulses of activity. The pockmark morphology, seismic stratigraphy and core correlation with pre‐existing data reveals that the two pockmarks have been maintained throughout the Holocene and underwent several switches between ‘quiescent’ and ‘eruptive’ mode activity.
Health status and disease burden of unaccompanied asylum‐seeking adolescents in Bielefeld, Germany: cross‐sectional pilot study
Authors: Marquardt L. , Krämer A. , Fischer F. , Prüfer‐Krämer L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis exploratory pilot study aimed to investigate the physical and mental disease burden of unaccompanied asylum‐seeking adolescents arriving in Bielefeld, a medium‐size city in Germany.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey with purposive sampling of 102 unaccompanied asylum‐seeking adolescents aged 12–18 years was performed. Information on general health status, selected infectious and non‐communicable diseases, iron deficiency anaemia and mental illness was collected during routine check‐up medical examinations upon arrival in Bielefeld, Germany. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe analysis revealed a complex disease burden with a high prevalence of infections (58.8%), mental illness (13.7%) and iron deficiency anaemia (17.6%) and a very low prevalence of non‐communicable diseases (<2.0%). One in five of the refugees were infected with parasites. Whilst sub‐Saharan Africans showed the highest prevalence of infections (86.7%), including highest prevalences of parasites (46.7%), West Asians had the highest prevalence of mental disorders (20.0%). Overall, the disease burden in females was higher.ConclusionA thorough medical and psychological screening after arrival is highly recommended to reduce the individual disease burden and the risk of infection for others. This promotes good physical and mental health, which is needed for successful integration into the receiving society. Barriers to health service access for unaccompanied asylum‐seeking adolescents need to be lowered to allow need‐specific health care and prevention.
The pioneering work of George Mines on cardiac arrhythmias: groundbreaking ideas that remain influential in contemporary cardiac electrophysiology
Authors: Aguilar Martin , Nattel Stanley 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGeorge Mines was a pioneering physiologist who, despite an extremely short period of professional activity and only primitive experimental methodology, succeeded in formulating concepts that continue to be of great influence today. Here, we review some of his most important discoveries and their impact on contemporary concepts and clinical practice. Mines’ greatest contribution was his conceptualization and characterization of circus movement reentry. His observations and ideas about the basis for cardiac reentrant activity underlie how we understand and manage a wide range of important clinical rhythm disturbances today. The notions he introduced regarding the influence of premature extrastimuli on reentry (termination, resetting and entrainment) are central to contemporary assessment of arrhythmia mechanisms in clinical electrophysiology laboratories and modern device therapy of cardiac tachyarrhythmias. Refinements of his model of reentry have led to sophisticated biophysical theories of the mechanisms underlying cardiac fibrillation. His seminal observations on the influence of electrolyte derangements and autonomic tone on the heart are relevant to our understanding of the physiology and pharmacology of arrhythmias caused by cardiac pathology. In this era of advanced technology, it is important to appreciate that ideas of lasting impact come from great minds and do not necessarily require great tools.
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Calorie restriction as an intervention in ageing
Authors: López‐Lluch Guillermo , Navas Plácido 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAgeing causes loss of function in tissues and organs, is accompanied by a chronic inflammatory process and affects life‐ and healthspan. Calorie restriction (CR) is a non‐genetic intervention that prevents age‐associated diseases and extends longevity in most of the animal models studied so far. CR produces a pleiotropic effect and improves multiple metabolic pathways, generating benefits to the whole organism. Among the effects of CR, modulation of mitochondrial activity and a decrease in oxidative damage are two of the hallmarks. Oxidative damage is reduced by the induction of endogenous antioxidant systems and modulation of the peroxidability index in cell membranes. Mitochondrial activity changes are regulated by inhibition of IGF‐1 and Target of Rapamycin (TOR)‐dependent activities and activation of AMP‐dependent kinase (AMPK) and the sirtuin family of proteins. The activity of PGC‐1α and FoxO is regulated by these systems and is involved in mitochondria biogenesis, oxidative metabolism activity and mitochondrial turnover. The use of mimetics and the regulation of common factors have demonstrated that these molecular pathways are essential to explain the effect of CR in the organism. Finally, the anti‐inflammatory effect of CR is an interesting emerging factor to be taken into consideration. In the present revision we focus on the general effect of CR and other mimetics in longevity, focusing especially on the cardiovascular system and skeletal muscle.
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How environment and self‐motion combine in neural representations of space
Authors: Evans Talfan , Bicanski Andrej , Bush Daniel , Burgess Neil 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEstimates of location or orientation can be constructed solely from sensory information representing environmental cues. In unfamiliar or sensory‐poor environments, these estimates can also be maintained and updated by integrating self‐motion information. However, the accumulation of error dictates that updated representations of heading direction and location become progressively less reliable over time, and must be corrected by environmental sensory inputs when available. Anatomical, electrophysiological and behavioural evidence indicates that angular and translational path integration contributes to the firing of head direction cells and grid cells. We discuss how sensory inputs may be combined with self‐motion information in the firing patterns of these cells. For head direction cells, direct projections from egocentric sensory representations of distal cues can help to correct cumulative errors. Grid cells may benefit from sensory inputs via boundary vector cells and place cells. However, the allocentric code of boundary vector cells and place cells requires consistent head‐direction information in order to translate the sensory signal of egocentric boundary distance into allocentric boundary vector cell firing, suggesting that the different spatial representations found in and around the hippocampal formation are interdependent. We conclude that, rather than representing pure path integration, the firing of head‐direction cells and grid cells reflects the interface between self‐motion and environmental sensory information. Together with place cells and boundary vector cells they can support a coherent unitary representation of space based on both environmental sensory inputs and path integration signals.
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The mechano‐gated channel inhibitor GsMTx4 reduces the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate rats
Authors: Copp Steven W. , Kim Joyce S. , Ruiz‐Velasco Victor , Kaufman Marc P. 
Published: November 2015

Key points
Mechanical and metabolic stimuli from contracting muscles evoke reflex increases in blood pressure, heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity. Little is known, however, about the nature of the mechano‐gated channels on the thin fibre muscle afferents that contribute to evoke this reflex, termed the exercise pressor reflex.
We determined the effect of GsMTx4, an inhibitor of mechano‐gated Piezo channels, on the exercise pressor reflex evoked by intermittent contraction of the triceps surae muscles in decerebrated, unanaesthetized rats.
GsMTx4 reduced the pressor, cardioaccelerator and renal sympathetic nerve responses to intermittent contraction but did not reduce the pressor responses to femoral arterial injection of compounds that stimulate the metabolically‐sensitive thin fibre muscle afferents.
Expression levels of Piezo2 channels were greater than Piezo1 channels in rat dorsal root ganglia.
Our findings suggest that mechanically‐sensitive Piezo proteins contribute to the generation of the mechanical component of the exercise pressor reflex in rats.
AbstractMechanical and metabolic stimuli within contracting skeletal muscles evoke reflex autonomic and cardiovascular adjustments. In cats and rats, gadolinium has been used to investigate the role played by the mechanical component of this reflex, termed the exercise pressor reflex. Gadolinium, however, has poor selectivity for mechano‐gated channels and exerts multiple off‐target effects. We tested the hypothesis that GsMTX4, a more selective mechano‐gated channel inhibitor than gadolinium and a particularly potent inhibitor of mechano‐gated Piezo channels, reduced the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate rats. Injection of 10 μg of GsMTx4 into the arterial supply of the hindlimb reduced the peak pressor (control: 24 ± 5, GsMTx4: 12 ± 5 mmHg, P < 0.01), cardioaccelerator and renal sympathetic nerve responses to tendon stretch, a purely mechanical stimulus, but had no effect on the pressor responses to intra‐arterial injection of α,β‐methylene ATP or lactic acid. Moreover, injection of 10 μg of GsMTx4 into the arterial supply of the hindlimb reduced the peak pressor (control: 24 ± 2, GsMTx4: 14 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.01), cardioaccelerator and renal sympathetic nerve responses to electrically‐induced intermittent hindlimb muscle contractions. By contrast, injection of 10 μg of GsMTx4 into the jugular vein had no effect on the pressor, cardioaccelerator, or renal sympathetic nerve responses to contraction. Quantitative RT‐PCR and western blot analyses indicated that both Piezo1 and Piezo2 channel isoforms were natively expressed in rat dorsal root ganglia tissue. We conclude that GsMTx4 reduced the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate rats and that the reduction was attributable, at least in part, to its effect on mechano‐gated Piezo channels.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Gut Commensal and Laboratory Strain Enterococcus faecium 64/3
Authors: Bender Jennifer K. , Fiedler Stefan , Klare Ingo , Werner Guido 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

The genome sequence of the commensal and widely used laboratory strain
Enterococcus faecium
64/3 was resolved by means of PacificBioscience and Illumina whole-genome sequencing. The genome comprises 2,575,333 bp with 2,382 coding sequences as assigned by NCBI.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Moderately Heat-Tolerant
Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
lactis
bv. diacetylactis Strain GL2 from Algerian Dromedary Milk
Authors: Gabed Noujoud , Yang Manli , Bey Baba Hamed Mohamed , Drici Habiba , Gross Roy , Dandekar Thomas , Liang Chunguang 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
lactis
bv. diacetylactis GL2 is a moderately thermotolerant lactic acid bacterium isolated from dromedary raw milk. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of this potential new dairy starter strain, which combines thermotolerance and the capacity to metabolize lactose, casein, and citrate.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Variant with a New Insertion in Glycoprotein 5, Isolated from a Stillborn Fetus
Authors: Liu Can , Zhang Lei , Ning Yi-bao 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain GD-2011, a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) that was isolated from a stillborn fetus. The GD-2011 strain is characterized by a discontinuous 30–amino acid deletion in the nonstructural protein 2. In addition, GD-2011 had a 1–amino acid insertion in glycoprotein 5, which does not exist in any other HP-PRRSV strains.
Complete Genome Sequence of Spiroplasma turonicum Strain Tab4c
T
, a Parasite of a Horse Fly,
Haematopota
sp. (Diptera: Tabanidae)
Authors: Davis Robert E. , Shao Jonathan , Zhao Yan , Gasparich Gail E. , Gaynor Brady J. , Donofrio Nicole 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Spiroplasma turonicum
was isolated from a
Haematopota
sp. fly in France. We report the nucleotide sequence of the circular chromosome of strain Tab4c
T
. The genome information will facilitate evolutionary studies of spiroplasmas, including symbionts of insects and ticks and pathogens of plants, insects, crustaceans, and humans.
Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium mucogenicum Strain CSUR P2099
Authors: Asmar Shady , Rascovan Nicolás , Robert Catherine , Drancourt Michel 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium mucogenicum
is a rapid-growing, nontuberculosis
Mycobacterium
species. The draft genome of
M. mucogenicum
CSUR P2099 comprises 6,210,127 bp exhibiting a 67.2% G+C content, 6,003 protein-coding genes, and 91 predicted RNA genes.
Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum Strain NIZO2877
Authors: Martino Maria Elena , Bayjanov Jumamurat R. , Joncour Pauline , Hughes Sandrine , Gillet Benjamin , Kleerebezem Michiel , Siezen Roland , van Hijum Sacha A. F. T. , Leulier François 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus plantarum
is a versatile bacterial species that is isolated mostly from foods. Here, we present the first genome sequence of
L. plantarum
strain NIZO2877 isolated from a hot dog in Vietnam. Its two contigs represent a nearly complete genome sequence.
Complete Genome Sequences of Four African Horse Sickness Virus Strains from a Commercial Tetravalent Live Attenuated Vaccine
Authors: Guthrie Alan J. , Coetzee Peter , Martin Darren P. , Lourens Carina W. , Venter Estelle H. , Weyer Camilla T. , Joone Christopher , le Grange Misha , Harper Cindy K. , Howell Peter G. , MacLachlan N. James 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
This is a report of the complete genome sequences of plaque-selected isolates of each of the four virus strains included in a South African commercial tetravalent African horse sickness attenuated live virus vaccine.
Genome Sequence of the Banana Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS006
Authors: Gamez Rocío M. , Rodríguez Fernando , Bernal Johan F. , Agarwala Richa , Landsman David , Mariño-Ramírez Leonardo 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
is an important plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR). We report the first whole-genome sequence of PGPR
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
evaluated in Colombian banana plants. The genome sequences encode genes involved in plant growth and defense, including bacteriocins, ribosomally synthesized antibacterial peptides, in addition to genes that provide resistance to toxic compounds.