bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's Comprehension of Object Relative Sentences: It's Extant Language Knowledge That Matters, Not Domain-General Working Memory
Authors: Rusli Yazmin Ahmad , Montgomery James W. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine whether extant language (lexical) knowledge or domain-general working memory is the better predictor of comprehension of object relative sentences for children with typical development. We hypothesized that extant language knowledge, not domain-general working memory, is the better predictor.

Method
Fifty-three children (ages 9–11 years) completed a word-level verbal working-memory task, indexing extant language (lexical) knowledge; an analog nonverbal working-memory task, representing domain-general working memory; and a hybrid sentence comprehension task incorporating elements of both agent selection and cross-modal picture-priming paradigms. Images of the agent and patient were displayed at the syntactic gap in the object relative sentences, and the children were asked to select the agent of the sentence.

Results
Results of general linear modeling revealed that extant language knowledge accounted for a unique 21.3% of variance in the children's object relative sentence comprehension over and above age (8.3%). Domain-general working memory accounted for a nonsignificant 1.6% of variance.

Conclusions
We interpret the results to suggest that extant language knowledge and not domain-general working memory is a critically important contributor to children's object relative sentence comprehension. Results support a connectionist view of the association between working memory and object relative sentence comprehension.

Supplemental Materials

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5404573
The Influence of Executive Functions on Phonemic Processing in Children Who Do and Do Not Stutter
Authors: Sasisekaran Jayanthi , Basu Shriya 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The aim of the present study was to investigate dual-task performance in children who stutter (CWS) and those who do not to investigate if the groups differed in the ability to attend and allocate cognitive resources effectively during task performance.

Method
Participants were 24 children (12 CWS) in both groups matched for age and sex. For the primary task, participants performed a phoneme monitoring in a picture–written word interference task. For the secondary task, participants made pitch judgments on tones presented at varying (short, long) stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) from the onset of the picture.

Results
The CWS were comparable to the children who do not stutter in performing the monitoring task although the SOA-based performance differences in this task were more variable in the CWS. The CWS were also significantly slower in making tone decisions at the short SOA and showed a trend for making more errors in this task.

Conclusions
The findings are interpreted to suggest higher dual-task cost effects in CWS. A potential explanation for this finding requiring further testing and confirmation is that the CWS show reduced efficiency in attending to the tone stimuli while simultaneously prioritizing attention to the phoneme-monitoring task.
Developmental Stuttering in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing
Authors: Arenas Richard M. , Walker Elizabeth A. , Oleson Jacob J. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
A number of studies with large sample sizes have reported lower prevalence of stuttering in children with significant hearing loss compared to children without hearing loss. This study used a parent questionnaire to investigate the characteristics of stuttering (e.g., incidence, prevalence, and age of onset) in children who are hard of hearing (CHH).

Method
Three hundred three parents of CHH who participated in the Outcomes of Children With Hearing Loss study (Moeller & Tomblin, 2015) were sent questionnaires asking about their child's history of stuttering.

Results
One hundred ninety-four parents of CHH responded to the survey. Thirty-three CHH were reported to have stuttered at one point in time (an incidence of 17.01%), and 10 children were still stuttering at the time of survey submission (a prevalence of 5.15%). Compared to estimates in the general population, this sample displayed a significantly higher incidence and prevalence. The age of onset, recovery rate, and other characteristics were similar to hearing children.

Conclusions
Based on this sample, mild to moderately severe hearing loss does not appear to be a protective factor for stuttering in the preschool years. In fact, the incidence and prevalence of stuttering may be higher in this population compared to the general population. Despite the significant speech and language needs that children with mild to moderately severe hearing loss may have, speech-language pathologists should appropriately prioritize stuttering treatment as they would in the hearing population.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5397154
Design of high‐gain dual‐band dual‐circular‐polarised antenna using reflective metasurface
Authors: Mao Chenyang , Yang Yang , He Xiaoxiang , Zheng Jingming , Liu Ting 
Published: September 2017

A novel design of high‐gain dual‐band dual‐circular‐polarised antenna loaded with reflective metasurface is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of a linear‐polarised coplanar waveguide antenna with a polarisation‐switched metasurface structure. The metasurface is composed of 25 unit cells arranged in a 5 × 5 layout and each unit cell is a pair of symmetrical semi‐circle loop with a diagonal microstrip, which is designed to adjust the axial ratio for dual‐band circular polarisation. Simulated result shows that the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is about 63% from 3.8 to 7.3 GHz, and the average boresight gain has a great enhancement of about 4 dBi. The proposed antenna possesses the characteristic of right‐handed circular polarisation from 4.15 to 4.45 GHz, while the left‐handed circular polarisation is from 5.75 to 6.4 GHz. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement so that the performance of the proposed antenna can be confirmed.
645‐GHz InP heterojunction bipolar transistor harmonic oscillator
Authors: Yun J. , Kim J. , Yoon D. , Rieh J.‐S. 
Published: September 2017

645‐GHz signal generation with a harmonic oscillator based on a 250‐nm InP heterojunction bipolar transistor technology is demonstrated. The oscillator is based on the common‐base cross‐coupled topology, generating a second harmonic signal through the push–push operation. The fabricated oscillator exhibits oscillation frequencies ranging from 561.5 to 645.1 GHz with bias variation. The measured peak output power is –17.4 dBm with a dc power dissipation of 49.3 mW (dc‐to‐RF efficiency of 0.04%). Additionally, terahertz imaging was successfully demonstrated with the developed oscillator employed as a signal source.
Snap‐back free shorted‐anode super‐junction TCIGBT
Authors: Luo Peng , Sweet Mark , Narayanan Ekkanath Madathil Sankara 
Published: September 2017

A novel structure called the shorted‐anode super‐junction trench clustered insulated gate bipolar transistor (SA‐SJ‐TCIGBT) is proposed and demonstrated through numerical simulations in 1.2 kV, field‐stop technology. This device is based on the SJ‐TCIGBT concept. In the SA‐SJ‐TCIGBT structure, due to the introduction of a segmented n+‐anode, the device can operate in both forward conducting mode and freewheeling diode mode without any snap back in the current–voltage characteristics. In comparison to the SJ‐TCIGBT structure, the proposed device shows significant improvement in trade‐off relationship between forward voltage drop and switch off energy losses. Simulation results show that 25% decrease in switching energy losses can be achieved. Moreover, the tail current is effectively reduced without any increase in the overshoot voltage. Detailed two‐dimensional modelling of the structure shows that significant amount of excess electrons are extracted through the SA structure during turn‐off process.
Parameter estimation and suppression for DRFM‐based interrupted sampling repeater jammer
Authors: Zhou Chao , Liu Quanhua , Chen Xinliang 
Published: September 2017

By partial interception and multiple forwarding of a radar transmitting signal, digital radio frequency memory‐based interrupted sampling repeater jamming can yield a partial processing gain and form multiple false target groups in the range direction, achieving jamming effects of both suppression and deception. Various improved jamming strategies have been proposed, while jamming suppression problems have not been fully addressed. In this study, a jamming suppression method based on the idea of ‘reconstruction and cancellation’ is proposed by analysing the jamming principle. The method firstly analyses the pulse compression results with time‐frequency analysis to obtain the intercepted slice number and forwarding times; then, the slice width is estimated by deconvolution processing; finally, iterative cancellation is used to suppress the jamming. Performance of the method was verified by Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the normalised error of the slice width estimation is <5% when the jamming‐to‐noise ratio reaches 15 dB (after pulse compress); the cancellation method can effectively restrain the jamming by bringing an improvement of signal‐to‐jamming ratio >16 dB.
Biallelic Mutations in SLC1A2; an Additional Mode of Inheritance for SLC1A2-Related Epilepsy
Authors: Gusic Mirjana , Günthner Roman , Alhaddad Bader , Kovacs-Nagy Reka , Makowski Christine , Baumeister Friedrich , Strom Tim , Meitinger Thomas , Prokisch Holger , Wortmann Saskia , Wagner Matias 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecently, heterozygous de novo mutations in SCL1A2 have been reported to underlie severe early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. In one male presenting with epileptic seizures and visual impairment, we identified a novel homozygous splicing variant in SCL1A2 (c.1421 + 1G > C) by using exome sequencing. Functional studies on cDNA level confirmed a consecutive loss of function. Our findings suggest that not only de novo mutations but also biallelic variants in SLC1A2 can cause epilepsy and that there is an additional autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. These findings also contribute to the understanding of the genetic mechanism of autosomal dominant SLC1A2-related epileptic encephalopathy as they exclude haploinsufficiency as exclusive genetic mechanism.
Do Knee Bracing and Delayed Weight Bearing Affect Mid-Term Functional Outcome after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?
Authors: Di Miceli Riccardo , Marambio Carlotta , Zati Alessandro , Monesi Roberta , Benedetti Maria 
Published: September 2017

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the effect of knee bracing and timing of full weight bearing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) on functional outcomes at mid-term follow-up.
Methods We performed a retrospective study on 41 patients with ACLR. Patients were divided in two groups: ACLR group, who received isolated ACL reconstruction and ACLR-OI group who received ACL reconstruction and adjunctive surgery. Information about age at surgery, bracing, full or progressive weight bearing permission after surgery were collected for the two groups. Subjective IKDC score was obtained at follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the two groups for IKDC score. Subgroup analysis was performed to assess the effect of postoperative regimen (knee bracing and weight bearing) on functional outcomes.
Results The mean age of patients was 30.8 ± 10.6 years. Mean IKDC score was 87.4 ± 13.9. The mean follow-up was 3.5 ± 1.8 years. Twenty-two (53.7%) patients underwent ACLR only, while 19 (46.3%) also received other interventions, such as meniscal repair and/or collateral ligament suture. Analysis of overall data showed no differences between the groups for IKDC score. Patients in the ACLR group exhibited a significantly better IKDC score when no brace and full weight bearing after 4 weeks from surgery was prescribed in comparison with patients who worn a brace and had delayed full weight bearing. No differences were found with respect to the use of brace and postoperative weight bearing regimen in the ACLR-OI group.
Conclusion Brace and delayed weight bearing after ACLR have a negative influence on long-term functional outcomes. Further research is required to explore possible differences in the patients operated on ACLR and other intervention with respect to the use of a brace and the timing of full weight bearing to identify optimal recovery strategies.
Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective observational study.
Centralized Pediatric Surgery in the Nordic Countries: A Role Model for Europe?
Authors: Bjørland Kristin , Qvist Niels , Wester Tomas , Pakarinen Mikko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNearly all neonatal surgical conditions are classified as rare diseases in Europe. Due to rapidly developing treatment modalities and novel surgical techniques, as well as increasing demands from patients, there is a growing need for centralization of advanced pediatric surgical care. However, the optimal way to concentrate pediatric surgical experience in each country remains unclear and depends on multiple national features, such as size and distribution of the population, geographical distances, local surgical expertise, organization of the health care system, and political agendas. This review outlines the current practices to concentrate on specialized pediatric surgery in different Nordic countries.
Neutralization of acidic drainage by Cryptococcus sp. T1 immobilized in alginate beads
Authors: Okai Masahiko , Suwa Chisato , Nagaoka Shintaro , Obara Nobuo , Mitsuya Daisuke , Kurihara Ayako , Ishida Masami , Urano Naoto 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We isolated Cryptococcus sp. T1 from Lake Tazawa’s acidic water in Japan. Cryptococcus sp. T1 neutralized an acidic casamino acid solution (pH 3.0) and released ammonia from the casamino acids to aid the neutralization. The neutralization volume was estimated to be approximately 0.4 mL/h. The casamino acids’ amino acids decreased (1.24→0.15 mM); ammonia increased (0.22→0.99 mM). We neutralized acidic drainage water (1 L) from a Tamagawa River neutralization plant, which was run through the column with the T1-immobilized alginate beads at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, and observed that the viscosity, particle size and amounts of the alginate beads affected the acidic drainage neutralization with an increase of the pH value from 5.26 to 6.61 in the last fraction. An increase in the Al concentration decreased Cryptococcus sp. T1’s neutralization ability. After 48 h, the pH of acidic water with 50 mg/L Al was apparently lower than that without Al. Almost no pH increase was observed at 75 mg/L.
A user-centered, iterative engineering approach for advanced biomass cookstove design and development
Authors: Shan Ming , Carter Ellison , Baumgartner Jill , Deng Mengsi , Clark Sierra , Schauer James J , Ezzati Majid , Li Jiarong , Fu Yu , Yang Xudong 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Unclean combustion of solid fuel for cooking and other household energy needs leads to severe household air pollution and adverse health impacts in adults and children. Replacing traditional solid fuel stoves with high efficiency, low-polluting semi-gasifier stoves can potentially contribute to addressing this global problem. The success of semi-gasifier cookstove implementation initiatives depends not only on the technical performance and safety of the stove, but also the compatibility of the stove design with local cooking practices, the needs and preferences of stove users, and community economic structures. Many past stove design initiatives have failed to address one or more of these dimensions during the design process, resulting in failure of stoves to achieve long-term, exclusive use and market penetration. This study presents a user-centered, iterative engineering design approach to developing a semi-gasifier biomass cookstove for rural Chinese homes. Our approach places equal emphasis on stove performance and meeting the preferences of individuals most likely to adopt the clean stove technology. Five stove prototypes were iteratively developed following energy market and policy evaluation, laboratory and field evaluations of stove performance and user experience, and direct interactions with stove users. The most current stove prototype achieved high performance in the field on thermal efficiency (ISO Tier 3) and pollutant emissions (ISO Tier 4), and was received favorably by rural households in the Sichuan province of Southwest China. Among household cooks receiving the final prototype of the intervention stove, 88% reported lighting and using it at least once. At five months post-intervention, the semi-gasifier stoves were used at least once on an average of 68% [95% CI: 43, 93] of days. Our proposed design strategy can be applied to other stove development initiatives in China and other countries.
CGmapTools improves the precision of heterozygous SNV calls and supports allele-specific methylation detection and visualization in bisulfite-sequencing data
Authors: Guo Weilong , Zhu Ping , Pellegrini Matteo , Zhang Michael Q , Wang Xiangfeng , Ni Zhongfu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMotivationDNA methylation is important for gene silencing and imprinting in both plants and animals. Recent advances in bisulfite sequencing allow detection of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) achieving high sensitivity, but accurately identifying heterozygous SNVs from partially C-to-T converted sequences remains challenging.ResultsWe designed two methods, BayesWC and BinomWC, that substantially improved the precision of heterozygous SNV calls from ∼80% to 99% while retaining comparable recalls. With these SNV calls, we provided functions for allele-specific DNA methylation (ASM) analysis and visualizing the methylation status on reads. Applying ASM analysis to a previous dataset, we found that an average of 1.5% of investigated regions showed allelic methylation, which were significantly enriched in transposon elements and likely to be shared by the same cell-type. A dynamic fragment strategy was utilized for DMR analysis in low-coverage data and was able to find differentially methylated regions (DMRs) related to key genes involved in tumorigenesis using a public cancer dataset. Finally, we integrated 40 applications into the software package CGmapTools to analyze DNA methylomes. This package uses CGmap as the format interface, and designs binary formats to reduce the file size and support fast data retrieval, and can be applied for context-wise, gene-wise, bin-wise, region-wise and sample-wise analyses and visualizations.Availability and implementationThe CGmapTools software is freely available at https://cgmaptools.github.io/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Logarithmic Ramifications of Étale Sheaves by Restricting to Curves
Authors: Hu Haoyu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this article, we prove that the Swan conductor of an étale sheaf on a smooth variety defined by Abbes and Saito’s logarithmic ramification theory can be computed by its classical Swan conductors after restricting it to curves. It extends the main result of Barrientos [7] for rank $1$ sheaves. As an application, we give a logarithmic ramification version of generalizations of Deligne and Laumon’s lower semi-continuity property for Swan conductors of étale sheaves on relative curves to higher relative dimensions in a geometric situation.
Creating a Consumable Past: How Memory Making Shapes Marketization
Authors: Brunk Katja H , Giesler Markus , Hartmann Benjamin J 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Consumer researchers tend to equate successful marketization—the transition from a socialist to a capitalist economy—with the consensual acquiescence to an idealized definition of the socialist past. For this reason, little research has examined how memories about socialism influence marketization over time. To redress this gap, we bring prior consumer research on commercial mythmaking and popular memory to bear on an in-depth analysis of the marketization of the former German Democratic Republic. We find that, owing to a progressive sequence of conflicts between commercialized memories of socialism promoted by marketing agents and countermemories advocating socialism as a political alternative, definitions of the past, and by extension, capitalism’s hegemony are subject to ongoing contestation and change. Our theoretical framework of hegemonic memory making explains relationships among consumption, memory making, and market systems that have not been recognized by prior research on consumption and nostalgia.
Decrease in Seminal HIV-1 RNA Load After Praziquantel Treatment of Urogenital Schistosomiasis Coinfection in HIV-Positive Men—An Observational Study
Authors: Midzi Nicholas , Mduluza Takafira , Mudenge Boniface , Foldager Leslie , Leutscher Peter D C 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Urogenital schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma hematobium infection is hypothesized to cause increased HIV-1 RNA shedding in semen in HIV co-infected men as result of chronic egg-induced inflammation in the prostate and the seminal vesicles. The effect of treatment with the antihelminthic agent praziquantel on seminal HIV-1 RNA load was assessed in this study.

Methods
HIV-1 RNA load was determined in blood plasma and semen at baseline and at 10-week follow-up. Praziquantel was administered at baseline and two weeks later.

Results
Eighteen HIV-positive men with S. haematobium co-infection were enrolled into the study. Status of antiretroviral therapy (ART): 6 ART-naïve and 12 ART-experienced. All participants became egg-negative in urine at follow-up. Among the ART-naïve men, the mean HIV-1 RNA load decreased by 0.32 log10 copies per mL (4.41 vs 4.09) in blood plasma from baseline to follow-up, and in semen by 1.06 log10 copies per mL (4.06 vs 3.00).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated a decline in seminal HIV-1 RNA load following praziquantel treatment of urogenital schistosomiasis infection in HIV-positive men. The finding needs further exploration in a larger randomized study targeting praziquantel as a supplementary preventive measure of sexual transmission of HIV-1 in S. haematobium endemic areas in sub-Saharan Africa.