bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The global impact ofWolbachiaon mitochondrial diversity and evolution
Authors: Cariou Marie , Duret Laurent , Charlat Sylvain 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe spread of maternally inherited microorganisms, such asWolbachiabacteria, can induce indirect selective sweeps on host mitochondria, to which they are linked within the cytoplasm. The resulting reduction in effective population size might lead to smaller mitochondrial diversity and reduced efficiency of natural selection. Although suggested by a few case studies, the global consequences of this process on mitochondrial diversity and evolution remains to be assessed. Here we address this question using a mapping of Wolbachia acquisition / extinction events on a large mitochondrial DNA tree, including over 1,000 species. We show that the presence of Wolbachia is associated with a twofold reduction in silent mitochondrial polymorphism, and a 13% increase in non-synonymous substitution rates. These findings validate the conjecture that the widespread distribution of Wolbachia infections throughout arthropods impacts the effective population size of mitochondria. These effects might in part explain the disconnection between genetic diversity and demographic population size in mitochondria, and also fuel red-queen-like cytonuclear coevolution through the fixation of deleterious mitochondrial alleles.
SLFL Genes Participate in the Ubiquitination and Degradation ofS-RNase in Self-Compatible Chinese Peach
Authors: Chen Qiuju , Meng Dong , Li Wei , Gu Zhaoyu , Yuan Hui , Duan Xuwei , Yang Qing , Li Yang , Li Tianzhong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) mediated by S-RNase of Rosaceae, Solanaceae and Plantaginaceae, is controlled by two tightly linked genes located at highly polymorphic S-locus: the S-RNase for pistil specificity and the F-box gene (SFB/SLF) for pollen specificity, respectively. The F-box gene of peach (Prunus persica) isShaplotype-specific F-box (SFB). In this study, we selected 37 representative varieties according to the evolution route of peach and identified their S genotypes. We cloned pollen determinant genes mutantPperSFB1m, PperSFB2m, PperSFB4mand normalPperSFB2, and style determinant genesS1-RNase, S2-RNase, S2m-RNaseandS4-RNase.MutantPperSFBswere translated terminated prematurely because of fragment insertion. Yeast two-hybrid showed that mutant PperSFBs and normal PperSFB2 interacted with all S-RNases. NormalPperSFB2was divided into four parts: box, box-V1, V1-V2 and HVa-HVb. Protein interaction analyses showed that the box portion did not interact with S-RNases, both of the box-V1 and V1-V2 had interactions with S-RNases, while the hypervariable region ofPperSFB2HVa-HVb only interacted with S2-RNase. Bioinformatics analysis of peach genome revealed that there were other F-box genes located at S-locus, and of which three F-box genes were specifically expressed in pollen, namelyPperSLFL1, PperSLFL2andPperSLFL3, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PperSFBs and PperSLFLs were classified into two different clades. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that as with PperSFBs, the three F-box proteins interacted with PperSSK1. Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC showed that PperSLFLs interacted with S-RNases with no allelic specificity. In vitro ubiquitination assay showed that PperSLFLs could tag ubiquitin molecules to PperS-RNases. In all, the above results suggest that threePperSLFLsare the appropriate candidates for the ‘general inhibitor’, which would inactivate the S-RNases in pollen tubes, and the role of three PperSLFL proteins is redundant, as S-RNase repressors involved in the self-incompatibility of peach.
Classifying smartphone-based accelerometer data to obtain validated measures of subject activity status, step count, and gait speed
Authors: Kwon Yong Jun , Aung Thawda , Synovec Sarah M , Oberle Anthony D , Hanton Cassia Rye , Whittington Jackie , Goulding Evan H , Witbrodt Bradley C , Bonasera Stephen J , Schenk A Katrin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe ubiquitous spread of smartphone technology throughout global societies offers an unprecedented opportunity to ethically obtain long-term, highly accurate measurements of individual physical activity. For example, the smartphone intrinsic 3-D accelerometer can be queried during normal phone operation to save time series of acceleration magnitudes (in each of the component directions) for near-real time or post processing.ObjectiveWe describe simple, straightforward algorithms (based on windowed Fourier analysis) for accelerometer data quality control and behavioral classification.MethodsTo maximize the clinical utility of our classifications, we focused on differentiating the following conditions: forgotten phone, subject resting, low physical activity, high physical activity. We further differentiated high physical activity into epochs of walking and climbing stairs, and further quantified walking to infer step count and gait speed.ResultsWe validated these algorithms in 75 individuals, in both laboratory (treadmill) and naturalistic settings. Our algorithm performance was quite satisfactory, with accuracies of 92-99% for all behavioral categories, and 87-90% for gait metrics in naturalistic settings.ConclusionsWe conclude that smartphones are valid and accurate platforms for measuring day-to-day physical activity in ambulatory, community dwelling individuals.
Enhanced neuronal regeneration in the CAST/Ei mouse strain is linked to expression of differentiation markers after injury
Authors: Lisi Véronique , Singh Bhagat , Giroux Michel , Guzman Elmer , Painter Michio W , Cheng Yung-Chih , Huebner Eric , Coppola Giovanni , Costigan Michael , Woolf Clifford J. , Kosik Kenneth S 
Published: July 2017

SummaryPeripheral nerve regeneration after injury requires a broad program of transcriptional changes. We investigated the basis for the enhanced nerve regenerative capacity of the CAST/Ei mouse strain relative to C57BL/6 mice. RNA sequencing of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) showed a CAST/Ei specific upregulation ofAscl1after injury.Ascl1overexpression in C57BL/6 mice DRG neurons enhanced their neurite outgrowth.Ascl1is regulated by miR-7048-3p, which is down-regulated in CAST/Ei mice. Inhibition of miR-7048-3p enhances neurite outgrowth. Following injury, CAST/Ei neurons largely retained their mature neuronal profile as determined by single cell RNAseq, whereas the C57BL/6 neurons acquired an immature profile. These findings suggest that one facet of the enhanced regenerative phenotype is preservation of neuronal identity in response to injury.
The nature and potential of corporate governance in developing countries
Authors: Chanda Shikaputo , Burton Bruce , Dunne Theresa 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide detailed findings regarding the perceived role of corporate governance in Zambia. There have been no detailed studies of opinions in a setting such as Zambia, i.e. a nation which has experienced relative political calm and which has an abundance of natural resources – but where corporate governance failures have been blamed directly for economic difficulties.Design/methodology/approachThe study reports the results of a series of 24 in-depth interviews with Zambians, including politicians, regulators, senior business executives, transnational organisation representatives, academics and governance consultants. The discussions were conducted face-to-face and recorded in all cases.FindingsUnderstanding of corporate governance is at an embryonic stage in Zambia, but embedded corruption is likely to require addressing before any meaningful change is likely. A range of isomorphic forces appear to be prevalent and the study argues that root and branch change in structures and attitudes is a necessity if improvements are to be forthcoming. The paper concludes with a call for unity in purpose and recognition of current malignancies.Originality/valueDespite Zambia’s idiosyncrasies, the evidence suggests that a pan-African picture is emerging, with growing awareness of the potential benefits of improved corporate behaviour – but deep cynicism exists about the likelihood of these arising given corruption in reward structures. Such is the extent of embeddedness in power amongst those who benefit from current arrangements that both mimetic and coercive forces are argued to be ranged against any shift in extant systems and processes.
Anglo American Corporation and the South African State
Authors: Hammond Theresa , Cooper Christine , van Staden Chris J. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the complex and shifting relationship between the Anglo American Corporation (Anglo) and the South African State (“the State”) as reflected in Anglo’s annual reports.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper builds on research on the role of annual reports in ideological conflict. To examine the ongoing relationship between Anglo and the State, the authors read all the annual reports published by Anglo American from 1917 to 1975, looking for instances in which the corporation appeared to be attempting to address, criticise, compliment, or implore the State.

Findings
During the period under study, despite the apparent struggles between the South African State and Anglo American, the relationship between the two was primarily symbiotic. The symbolic confrontation engaged in by these two behemoths perpetuated the real, physical violence perpetrated on the oppressed workers. By appearing to be a liberal opponent of apartheid, Anglo was able to ensure continued investment in South Africa.

Social implications
The examination of decades’ worth of annual reports provides an example of how these supposedly neutral instruments were used to contest and sustain power. Thereby, Anglo could continue to exploit workers, reap enormous profits, and maintain a fiction of opposition to the oppressive State. The State also benefited from its support of Anglo, which provided a plurality of tax revenue and economic expansion during the period.

Originality/value
This paper provides insights into the ways the State and other institutions sustain each other in the pursuit of economic and political power in the face of visible and widely condemned injustices. Although they frequently contested each other’s primacy, both benefited while black South African miners suffered.
Polyphonic orchestration – facilitating creative knowledge processes for innovation
Authors: Ness Ingunn Johanne 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide new and deeper insight into how creative knowledge processes are facilitated in multidisciplinary groups working with innovation in knowledge-intensive organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected through an ethnographic fieldwork following two groups in a Norwegian oil and gas company and one group in a Norwegian research institute working with innovation. The analysis is inductive and conducted within a qualitative framework seeking to go deeper into the complexity of the facilitation of creative knowledge processes. The analytical framework is sociocultural and underscores how new knowledge and ideas are facilitated in the tension between different voices.

Findings
Analyses show how the leaders of the groups facilitated imaginative and creative processes through open dialog by giving room for diverse disciplinary knowledge and stimulating different roles in the groups. The diverse experiences of the occupational disciplines in addition to four complementary roles that ensured group dynamics, stimulated polyphony and creative tension in the groups. This creative tension enhanced the groups’ imagination, which again enabled innovative idea development.

Research limitations/implications
This contribution is limited by looking at three groups in two organizations. On the premise that model generalization depends on extensive empirical data, the current paper should be considered as preliminary/exploratory research that aims at investigating how creative knowledge processes leading to innovative ideas are facilitated in knowledge-intensive organizations.

Practical implications
The paper offers a practical contribution in how leaders can facilitate such creative processes leading to innovative ideas. The paper is a contribution to leadership as a relational and dialogical practice.

Originality/value
The way the creative knowledge processes are orchestrated is visualized in a phase model. The paper contributes to new conceptualizations and thus theory development of leadership by offering polyphonic orchestration as a concept and a way of understanding facilitation from a sociocultural perspective.
Pragmatic impact of workplace ostracism: toward a theoretical model
Authors: Al-Atwi Amer Ali 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the ostracism literature by exploring the pragmatic impact of ostracism on performance.Design/methodology/approachOstracism workplace, social relations and empowerment structures are discussed. The paper then develops a theoretical framework that explains why and under what conditions workplace ostracism undermines employees’ performance. The author proposes that empowerment structures mediate the link between ostracism and in-role and extra-role performance. In addition, it was proposed that relational links buffer the negative relationship between ostracism and empowerment structures on performance and weaken the negative indirect effect of ostracism on performance.FindingsThe theoretical arguments provide support for the model showing that empowerment structures mediate the relationship between ostracism and performance, and the mediation effect only occurred when external links were high but not when external links were low.Originality/valueThe author has expanded the extant literature by answering recent calls for research exploring the pragmatic impact of workplace ostracism where past research has typically focused solely on the psychological impacts such as psychological needs.
Relationships between structural social capital, knowledge identification capability and external knowledge acquisition
Authors: Ortiz Beatriz , Donate Mario J. , Guadamillas Fátima 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the mediating effect of the identification of valuable external knowledge on the relationship between the development of inter-organizational ties (structural social capital) and the acquisition of external knowledge.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 87 firms from Spanish biotechnology and pharmaceutics industries, the authors have tested the proposed mediation hypothesis by applying the partial least squares technique to a structural equations model.FindingsThe study results show that those firms with stronger, more frequent and closer inter-relationships are able to increase the amount of intentionally acquired knowledge, partly due to the greater level of development of their knowledge identification capability. Thus, firms with a higher capability to recognize the value of the knowledge embedded in their inter-organizational networks will be more likely to design better strategies to acquire and integrate such knowledge into their current knowledge bases for either present or future use.Originality/valueThis research contributes to knowledge management and social capital literature by means of the study of two key determinants of knowledge acquisition – structural social capital and knowledge identification capability – and the explanation of their relationships of mutual influence. The paper thus tries to fill this literature gap and connects the relational perspective of social capital with the knowledge-based view from a strategic point of view.
Intrapreneurial competencies: development and validation of a measurement scale
Authors: Vargas-Halabí Tomás , Mora-Esquivel Ronald , Siles Berman 
Published: July 2017

PurposeFew models have attempted to explain intrapreneurial behavior from the perspective of competencies. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to contribute along this line by developing and validating a scale to measure intrapreneurial competencies for a Costa Rican organizational context.Design/methodology/approachA three stage process was followed. The first stage considered literature review, expert judgment, cognitive interviews, and back-translation. In the second stage, the questionnaire was administered to a sample of 543 university professionals who worked mainly in private organizations in Costa Rica. The third stage led to evaluate of the proposed scale’s psychometric properties, including, exploratory factor analysis procedure performing by SPSS 19; confirmatory factor analysis procedures by means of structural equation modeling using EQS 6.2 version and finally, a linear regression model to obtain evidence of external criterion-related validity, performed by SPSS 19.FindingsThis study provides evidence of five sub-dimensions of employee attributes, i.e., “opportunity promoter”, “proactivity”, “flexibility”, “drive”, and “risk taking” that constitute a higher-level construct called intrapreneurial competencies. The scale provided evidence of convergent, discriminant, and criterion-related validity – the latter, using an employee innovative behavior scale.Originality/valueThe model offers a first step to continue studies that aim at developing a robust model of intrapreneurial competencies. This potential predictive capacity of an instrument of this nature would be useful for the business sector, particularly as a diagnostic instrument to strengthen processes of staff development in areas that promote the development of innovation and the creation of new businesses for the company.
Financing public transport: a spatial model based on city size
Authors: Ruiz-Montañez Miguel 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between public transport services and the financial needs. Cities require to be equipped with public transport networks as they are primarily responsible for creation of wealth for countries and to ensure sustainability of urbanization. Once decisions have been taken to design, build and operate such networks, it is equally important to set rules for urban transport financing. Depending on the city size and other factors, authorities allocate resources. Nonetheless, is there a relationship between the size of the city and its public transport financial needs? This paper develops a model to explain such relationships.

Design/methodology/approach
The study develops a spatial model, while providing intuition through the use of graphs, to solve the question of the amount of resources allocated for financing the transport services.

Findings
It is verified that those financial needs are more than proportional to the size of the city; when a city grows in its number of boroughs, economic funds needed to support public transport have to increase in a greater proportion in comparison to the growth of boroughs growth. The model states a formula valid for explaining the financial needs.

Originality/value
The model is interesting as it explains why large metropolitan areas need special financial aid from authorities. Real life shows that big cities like Paris, Berlin or Madrid need extraordinary funds for this purpose, and in most of the cases, specific national laws are required for financing public transport networks in these large metropolitan areas.
Sociodemographic determinants of the probability of wine consumption in Tenerife (Canary Islands)
Authors: Rodríguez-Donate M. Carolina , Romero-Rodríguez Margarita Esther , Cano-Fernández Víctor Javier , Guirao-Pérez Ginés 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The Spanish wine sector has gained ever greater relevance not only in economic terms but also from a social and environmental perspective. One Spanish region with a deeply rooted history of growing and producing wine is the Canary Islands, and specifically the island of Tenerife. The wine sector there has undergone notable evolution since the end of the past century. The main aim of these changes has been to improve the quality of Canarian wines, although it is also crucial to design marketing strategies that contribute to maintaining and increasing market share. In this context, it is essential to improve our knowledge of wine consumption among the population, especially given the scarcity of studies that analyze consumption preferences. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify wine consumption profiles.

Design/Methodology/Approach
This study uses data from a survey carried out on a representative sample of 1,028 Tenerife residents. Discrete choice models are estimated to identify profiles of wine consumers.

Findings
The main results show that the probability of consuming wine is the greatest among adult men compared to a lower consumption by younger individuals and women. Furthermore, it was shown that the probability of occasional consumption increases with higher educational levels.

Originality/value
This study examines in depth the individual factors that influence decisions on wine consumption (frequency and amount) in Tenerife (Canary Islands), which has a wine-growing landscape that produces several unique grape varieties. The study quantifies the probability of wine consumption depending on resident individuals’ sociodemographic characteristics. Thus, it contributes to a greater understanding of demand and consumption patterns in the island´s wine sector and allows comparisons to be made with studies for other geographical areas. It is, therefore, a valuable framework for designing targeted marketing strategies to increase consumption and attract demand from potential consumers with specific characteristics.
Social media as a means to access millennial wine consumers
Authors: Fuentes Fernández Rosana , Vriesekoop Frank , Urbano Beatriz 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to gain insights of the use of social media (SM) in the wine industry. The theoretical viewpoint is to analyse wineries’ SM segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) to help the wine industry to improve the effectiveness of SM communication.

Design/methodology/approach
An observational study of Spanish wineries’ SM presence and traffic was carried out during a three-month period in 2013 and repeated in 2016. During this period, a questionnaire was distributed to 196 wineries. Logistic regression was used to model the dichotomous outcome variable of whether a winery “does” or “does not” utilise SM. Additionally, leader wineries were interviewed in April/May 2016 about SM STP.

Findings
The results show that most wineries are starting in SM without a well-defined strategy. The presence of a webpage is significantly related to the use of SM. SM wineries do not segment and can take advantage of digital targeting strategies.

Practical implications
Segmentation and targeting SM can improve the effectiveness of the winery SM activities as well as the winery competitiveness in the wine industry.

Originality/value
This paper is a first step in understanding the value of segmentation SM to reach millennial consumers and the importance of targeting to improve the effectiveness of winery on SM.