bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphatidylethanol Levels Among Incarcerated Women: The Influence of Pre‐incarceration Alcohol Consumption and Length of Abstinence
Authors: Moore Kelly E. , Santiago Rivera Olga J. , Anderson Bradley , Johnson Jennifer E. , Hahn Judith A. , Kurth Megan E. , Reddy Madhavi K. , Schonbrun Yael C. , Stein Michael D. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundPhosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a direct biomarker for alcohol that is formed shortly after alcohol use and may remain detectable in blood for weeks after alcohol consumption. There is little research on alcohol use factors that influence PEth elimination, especially among women.MethodsData were collected from 116 alcohol use‐disordered women who were recently incarcerated. We used a 2‐part model with logistic and linear components to examine whether alcohol consumption in the 2 weeks prior to incarceration and days since last alcoholic drink (operationalized as abstinence days prior to incarceration + days incarcerated) were associated with PEth detectability (>8 ng/ml) and level (ng/ml) in blood.ResultsParticipants reported drinking an average of 10 drinks per day in the 2 weeks prior to incarceration. Days since last drink was negatively associated with PEth level (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93; 0.99) and being PEth detectable (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.91; 0.99). Quantity of alcohol consumed prior to jail admission was associated with PEth detection (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.03; 1.16), but not PEth level.ConclusionsDays since last alcoholic drink and drinks per day both influenced PEth detectability, but only days since last drink predicted PEth level among a large sample of women with alcohol use disorder in the criminal justice system.
Early improvement in PANSS‐30, PANSS‐8, and PANSS‐6 scores predicts ultimate response and remission during acute treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Lin C.‐H. , Lin H.‐S. , Lin S.‐C. , Kuo C.‐C. , Wang F.‐C. , Huang Y.‐H. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivePANSS‐8 and PANSS‐6 are derived from the 30‐item Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS‐30). We investigate whether PANSS‐8 or PANSS‐6 is a reliable, valid, sensitive to change measure, and scalable, and whether early improvement using them can predict response/remission.MethodData were from 3 trials for 270 schizophrenia inpatients receiving antipsychotics. Internal consistency, validity, sensitivity to change, and scalability using PANSS‐30, PANSS‐8, and PANSS‐6 at each assessment were examined. Early improvement was defined as at least 20% reduction of PANSS‐30, PANSS‐8, or PANSS‐6 scores at week 2. Response was defined as at least 40% reduction of PANSS‐30 and remission as a score of PANSS‐8 ≤ 3 on each item at endpoint. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine which rating scale had better discriminative capacity.ResultsPANSS‐8 and PANSS‐6 showed acceptable internal consistency, were highly correlated with PANSS‐30, and had sensitivity to change. PANSS‐8 and PANSS‐6 were scalable at each assessment, except for PANSS‐6 at baseline. Early improvement using PANSS‐8 or PANSS‐6 had comparable predictive values with that of PANSS‐30 for response/remission.ConclusionPANSS‐8 and PANSS‐6 are clinically useful measures. Early improvement, regardless of whether PANSS‐30, PANSS‐8, or PANSS‐6 is used, is a statistically significant predictor of response/remission.
Gambling and physical intimate partner violence: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions (NESARC)
Authors: Roberts Amanda , Landon Jason , Sharman Stephen , Hakes Jahn , Suomi Aino , Cowlishaw Sean 
Published: December 2017

Background and ObjectivesLinks between intimate partner violence (IPV) and gambling problems are under researched in general population samples. Understanding these relationships will allow for improved identification and intervention. We investigated these relationships and sought to determine whether links were attenuated by axis I and II disorders.MethodsThis study examined data from waves 1 and 2 (N = 25,631) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC); a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults. Gambling symptoms and other psychiatric disorders were measured at wave 1 by the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disability Interview Schedule‐DSM‐IV Version (AUDADIS‐IV). Physical IPV victimization and perpetration in the last 12 months were assessed 3 years later at wave 2 using items from the Conflict Tactics Scale‐R. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine associations separately for males and females.ResultsProblem gambling was associated with increased odds of both IPV perpetration for males (OR = 2.62, 95%CI = 1.22‐5.60) and females (OR = 2.87, 95%CI = 1.29‐6.42), and with IPV victimization for females only (OR = 2.97, 95%CI = 1.31‐6.74). Results were attenuated with inclusion of axis I and axis II disorders; links between gambling and IPV were weaker than those involving other mental health conditions.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceThere are prospective associations with gambling problems and physical IPV which have implications for identification, spontaneous disclosure, and treatment seeking. The links between gambling problems and violence are complex and should not be considered independently of co‐occurring mental health and substance use disorders. (Am J Addict 2018;27:7–14)
Sports involvement, injury history, and non‐medical use of prescription opioids among college students: An analysis with a national sample
Authors: Ford Jason A. , Pomykacz Corey , Veliz Philip , McCabe Sean Esteban , Boyd Carol J. 
Published: December 2017

Background and ObjectivesThe United States is in the midst of a prescription drug epidemic, particularly related to opioids. To more effectively deal with the devastating outcomes associated with non‐medical use of prescription opioids (NUPO), research is needed to identify populations at increased risk. The current research builds on a small number of studies that have shown that adolescents involved in competitive sports are more likely to report NUPO. Specifically, we examine the relationship between athlete status, injury history, and NUPO among college students.MethodsUsing data from the National College Health Assessment (NCHA II from 2008 to 2011), we estimated several logistic regression models to examine the individual, and combined, effects of sex, athlete status, and injury history on NUPO.ResultsIn the NCHA II 8.3% of students reported NUPO, 8.0% identified as a varsity athlete, and 17.4% reported an injury. Looking at factors individually, having an injury, being a varsity athlete, and being male were all significantly associated with NUPO. By combining these factors together we were able to determine that male athletes, athletes with injuries, and male athletes with injuries were at the greatest risk for NUPO, after controlling for relevant covariates.Discussion and ConclusionsTo create effective prevention and intervention programs that target the health and wellness of college students, it is important to understand which groups of students are most likely to report NUPO.Scientific SignificanceThis study advances our understanding of the relationship between sports involvement and NUPO. (Am J Addict 2018;27:15–22).
Use of a functional mobility measure to predict discharge destinations for patients admitted to an older adult rehabilitation ward: A feasibility study
Authors: Tillson Trish , Rohan Maheswaran , Larmer Peter J 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the discharge destination for older adults can be predicted using functional mobility as measured by the Modified Elderly Mobility Scale (MEMS), associated with demographic and primary reason for admission variables.MethodsA retrospective cohort population audit of 257 patients admitted and discharged from four tertiary older adult rehabilitation wards in a three‐month period. A number of predictor variables were considered alongside the discharge destination.ResultsMultinomial statistical modelling established that MEMS prior to (P < 0.001), MEMS on completion (P = 0.009) of rehabilitation physiotherapy and primary reason for admission (P = 0.002) were significant variables to predict discharge destination. The model correctly predicted 71% of observed patient discharge destinations.ConclusionThe MEMS in conjunction with primary reason for admission was able to predict discharge destination with 71% accuracy in a heterogeneous population of older adults following rehabilitation.
Efficacy and safety of oxycodone/naloxone as add‐on therapy to gabapentin or pregabalin for the management of chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy in Korea
Authors: Kim Bong‐Seog , Jin Jong‐Youl , Kwon Jung Hye , Woo In Sook , Ko Yoon Ho , Park Suk‐Young , Park Hye‐Jeong , Kang Jin Hyung 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimsTo investigate the efficacy and safety of oxycodone/naloxone in patients with chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) inadequately controlled with pregabalin or gabapentin.MethodsThis 4‐week, multicenter, interventional, single‐arm phase IV study included 72 Korean patients with CIPN inadequately controlled with pregabalin or gabapentin (Numeric Rating Scale 0–10; NRS ≥4 at baseline). In addition to pregabalin or gabapentin at existing doses, patients received 20/10 mg/day oxycodone/naloxone (up‐titrated to 80/40 mg/day as needed). The primary endpoint was change in NRS score after 4 weeks. Secondary endpoints included Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group‐Neurotoxicity (FACT/GOG‐NTX) scores and safety assessments.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation (SD) dose of oxycodone/naloxone was 23.3 ± 7.5 mg/day. At week 4, NRS score reduction was 1.29 ± 1.84 points (21.4% reduction; P < 0.0001). Patients on taxane‐based chemotherapy experienced a significantly smaller mean change in NRS score at week 4 compared to patients on other chemotherapy (−0.63 ± 1.54 [n = 30] vs. −1.83 ± 1.00 [n = 36]; P = 0.0072). Although there were no significant changes in FACT/GOG‐NTX total scores, improvements were observed in the neurotoxicity subscale measuring numbness/tingling of hands (mean ± SD change: −0.27 ± 1.04; P = 0.0427) and feet (−0.60 ± 1.09; P < 0.0001). Forty‐two (58.3%) patients reported adverse events. There were no clinically significant changes in laboratory tests or vital signs.ConclusionOxycodone/naloxone added to pregabalin or gabapentin provided additional pain relief and symptom control in Korean patients with CIPN, without clinically significant safety concerns.
A retrospective pilot study to determine whether the reproductive tract microbiota differs between women with a history of infertility and fertile women
Authors: Wee Bryan A. , Thomas Mark , Sweeney Emma Louise , Frentiu Francesca D. , Samios Melanie , Ravel Jacques , Gajer Pawel , Myers Garry , Timms Peter , Allan John A. , Huston Wilhelmina M. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundWe know very little about the microbiota inhabiting the upper female reproductive tract and how it impacts on fertility.AimsThis pilot study aimed to examine the vaginal, cervical and endometrial microbiota for women with a history of infertility compared to women with a history of fertility.Materials and methodsUsing a retrospective case–control study design, women were recruited for collection of vaginal, cervical and endometrial samples. The microbiota composition was analysed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplification and endometrial expression of selected human genes by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsSixty‐five specimens from the reproductive tract of 31 women were successfully analysed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (16 controls and 15 cases). The dominant microbial community members were consistent in the vagina and cervix, and generally consistent with the endometrium although the relative proportions varied. We detected three major microbiota clusters that did not group by tissue location or case–control status. There was a trend that infertile women more often had Ureaplasma in the vagina and Gardnerella in the cervix. Testing for the expression of selected genes in the endometrium did not show evidence of correlation with case–control status, or with microbial community composition, although Tenascin‐C expression correlated with a history of miscarriage.ConclusionsThere is a need for further exploration of the endometrial microbiota, and how the microbiota members or profile interplays with fertility or assisted reproductive technologies.
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) cumulative live birth rates following preimplantation genetic diagnosis for aneuploidy (PGD‐A) or morphological assessment of embryos: A cohort analysis
Authors: Lee Evelyn , Chambers Georgina Mary , Hale Lyndon , Illingworth Peter , Wilton Leeanda 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundPreimplantation genetic diagnosis for aneuploidy (PGD‐A) for all 24 chromosomes improves implantation and clinical pregnancy rates per single assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle. However, there is limited data on the live‐birth rate of PGD‐A over repeated cycles.AimTo assess the cumulative live‐birth rates (CLBR) of PGD‐A compared with morphological assessment of embryos of up to three ‘complete ART cycles’ (fresh plus frozen/thaw cycles) in women aged 37 years or older.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort study of ART treatments undertaken by ART‐naïve women at a large Australian fertility clinic between 2011 and 2014. Cohorts were assigned based on the embryo selection method used in their first fresh cycle [PGD‐A, n = 110 women (PGD‐A group); morphological assessment of embryos, n = 1983 women (control group)]. CLBR, time to clinical pregnancy and cycles needed to achieve a live birth were measured over multiple cycles.ResultsCompared to the control group, the PGD‐A group achieved a higher per cycle live‐birth rate (14.47% vs 9.12%, P < 0.01), took a shorter mean time to reach a clinical pregnancy leading to a live‐birth (104.8 days vs 140.6 days, P < 0.05) and required fewer cycles to achieve a live‐birth (6.91 cycles vs 10.96 cycles, P < 0.01). However, after three ‘complete ART cycles’, the CLBR was comparable for the two groups (30.90% vs 26.77%, P = 0.34).ConclusionThis is the first study to assess the effectiveness of PGD‐A over multiple ART cycles. These real‐world findings suggest that PGD‐A leads to better outcomes than using morphological assessment alone in women of advanced maternal age.
Exploring performance of, and attitudes to, Stop‐ and Mock‐Before‐You‐Block in preventing wrong‐side blocks
Authors: Hopping M. , Merry A. F. , Pandit J. J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryWe conducted an online survey to assess the career experiences of wrong side blocks, the practice of Stop‐Before‐You‐Block, the recently described method of Mock‐Before‐You‐Block and attitudes to these. Respondents were 208 anaesthetists across nine hospitals (173 consultants or Staff and Associate Specialist doctors'), representing 3623 years of collective anaesthetic practice. There had been a total of 62 wrong side blocks (by 51 anaesthetists and one current trainee). Predisposing factors for this were commonly ascribed to distractions (35 (69%), for example due to rushing or teaching), patient positioning (9 (18%)) or miscommunication (6 (12%)). Two (4%) respondents felt they had performed Stop‐Before‐You‐Block too early; 62 (41%) of all respondents stated they performed Stop‐Before‐You‐Block as early as preparing the skin or on arrival of the patient in the anaesthetic room, and not any later. Twenty (10%) respondents admitted to not performing Stop‐Before‐You‐Block at all or only occasionally (including 5 (2%) who had performed a wrong side block). Mock‐Before‐You‐Block was easily understood (by 169 out of 197 (86%)) and 14 out of 61 (23%) respondents felt it would have prevented the wrong side error in their case. However, free‐text comments indicated that many anaesthetists were reluctant to use a method that interrupted their performance of the block. We conclude that considerable work is needed to achieve full compliance with Stop‐Before‐You‐Block at the correct time.
Exposures of male rats to environmental chemicals [bisphenol A and di (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate] affected expression of several proteins in the developing epididymis
Authors: Abdel‐Maksoud F. M. , Knight R. , Waler K. , Yaghoubi‐Yeganeh N. , Olukunle J. O. , Thompson H. , Panizzi J. R. , Akingbemi B. T. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryHormonally active agents are released into the environment from industrial and manufacturing activity. Evidence in the literature indicates that impaired reproductive capacity in wildlife and laboratory species is associated with chemical exposures. In particular, bisphenol A (BPA) and di (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) have generated public interest due to their presence in several consumer products. In this study, we determined that expression of steroid hormone receptors (estrogen and androgen receptors), Wnt4, and β‐catenin was greater (p < 0.05) in the rat epididymis at 35 days of age compared to 21 and 90 days. Second, timed‐pregnant Long‐Evans dams were exposed to the chemicals BPA and DEHP by gavage from gestational days 12–21. The caput epididymis was collected from cohorts of male offspring at 35 and 90 days of age and processed for Western blot analysis. Results showed that prenatal BPA and DEHP exposures affected (p < 0.05) expression of estrogen and androgen receptor, Wnt4, β‐catenin, MAPK, and HOXD4 protein in the epididymis. Data have implications for morphological development of the epididymis, a possibility that would be explored in future studies.
Randomised study found that improved nutritional intake was associated with better sleep patterns in prepubertal children who were both short and lean
Authors: Yackobovitch‐Gavan Michal , Machtei Ayelet , Lazar Liora , Shamir Raanan , Phillip Moshe , Lebenthal Yael 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimsNutrition and sleep are prerequisites for linear growth and we addressed the under‐researched role of sleep in this equation.MethodsThis was a prospective randomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study of nutritional supplements in 164 healthy lean, short, prepubertal children with 83 in the supplement group and 81 in the placebo group. From November 2010 to November 2013, we focussed on children aged three to nine years referred for specialist growth assessments to the Schneider Children's Medical Center, Israel. Progress was assessed using anthropometric measurements, sleep questionnaires and three‐day food diaries at baseline and after the six‐month intervention.ResultsChildren in the supplement group who took at least 50% of the recommended dose had shorter sleep latency than those who did not (p = 0.046). Children who fell asleep in less than 15 minutes had significantly improved standard deviation scores for weight (0.25 ± 0.34 versus 0.07 ± 0.36, p = 0.044) and height (0.09 ± 0.13 versus 0.03 ± 0.13, p = 0.057) than those who took longer to fall asleep. Positive correlations were found between mean sleep duration and caloric and macronutrient intake per kilogram.ConclusionAdequate nutritional intake was associated with better sleep patterns and may enhance linear growth.
Extreme prematurity, treated retinopathy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and cerebral palsy are significant risk factors for ophthalmological abnormalities at 6.5 years of age
Authors: Hellström Ann , Källén Karin , Carlsson Birgitta , Holmström Gerd , Jakobsson Peter , Lundgren Pia , Serenius Fredrik , Stjernqvist Karin , Tornqvist Kristina , Hellgren Kerstin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the contributions of various prenatal and postnatal predictive factors to a documented high prevalence of ophthalmological abnormalities in children aged 6.5 years who were born extremely preterm.MethodsWe carried out a prospective population‐based study of all children born in Sweden at a gestational age of 22 + 0 to 26 + 6 weeks based on the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study. The main outcome measures were a combined score of visual impairment, refractive errors and strabismus at 6.5 years of age. Models of univariate and multivariable regression were used to analyse potential prenatal and postnatal predictive factors at different clinically relevant time‐points from one minute after birth to 30 months.ResultsWe focused on 399 known extremely preterm survivors and compared them to 300 full‐term controls. Significant antecedents for ophthalmological abnormalities included prematurity per se, retinopathy of prematurity that required treatment, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and cerebral palsy. Severe intraventricular haemorrhage was no longer a significant risk factor when we adjusted it for the 30‐month cognitive and neuromotor development outcomes.ConclusionThis time‐course risk analysis model showed a changing panorama of significant risk factors for ophthalmological abnormalities in children aged 6.5 years who were born extremely preterm.
The epistemic costs of compromise in bioethics
Authors: Devolder Katrien , Douglas Thomas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBioethicists sometimes defend compromise positions, particularly when they enter debates on applied topics that have traditionally been highly polarised, such as those regarding abortion, euthanasia and embryonic stem cell research. However, defending compromise positions is often regarded with a degree of disdain. Many are intuitively attracted to the view that it is almost always problematic to defend compromise positions, in the sense that we have a significant moral reason not to do so. In this paper, we consider whether this common sense view can be given a principled basis. We first show how existing explanations for the problematic nature of compromise fall short of vindicating the common sense view, before offering our own explanation, which, we claim, comes closer to vindicating that view. We argue that defending a compromise will typically have two epistemic costs: it will corrupt attempts to use the claims of ethicists as testimonial evidence, and it will undermine standards that are important to making epistemic progress in ethics. We end by suggesting that the epistemic costs of compromise could be reduced by introducing a stronger separation between ethical debate aimed at fulfilling the epistemic role of ethics, and ethical debate that aims to directly produce good policy or practice.