bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote Exercise Engagement Among Individuals With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Bomtempo Ana Paula Delgado , Main Emilia , Ghisi Gabriela Lima de Melo 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To systematically review the literature regarding barriers and facilitators to remote exercise among individuals with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Review Methods:
Six databases were searched (inception—December 2023). Studies including barriers and facilitators for remote exercise reported by individuals living with CVD were considered. Quality was rated using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool (MMAT). Results were synthesized following a thematic analysis approach. Characteristics of interventions were reported using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR).

Summary:
From an initial pool of 8543 records, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 13 were qualitative studies, with individual interviews being the most frequent data extraction method. Nine studies received 5/5 MMAT scores (ie, high quality). Twelve studies reported remote exercise interventions, mostly delivered within cardiac rehabilitation, by physiotherapists, nurses, and dietitians, predominantly via telephone calls or videoconferences, with only one study incorporating text messages. Five key themes influencing remote exercise interventions were identified: technology (encompassing access and literacy, self-monitoring/motivation, and security concerns), individual health considerations (health/personal aspects and coronavirus disease-2019), social factors (support from health care team and family/social support), environment (facilities), and logistical factors (time and displacement). Several themes served as both facilitators and barriers. Key insights for remote exercise interventions included mobile accessibility, interactive chat sessions, minimal click interactions, short sessions, personalized feedback, and flexible timing. Results emphasize the importance of promoting social interaction and support between participants and health care teams to mitigate barriers and enhance facilitators in remote exercise interventions for individuals with CVD.
The Foundation to Advance Brain Rehabilitation: Organization, History, and Collaborative Database
Authors: Eicher Vicki , Salisbury David B. , Murphy Thomas F. , Shelton Jean A. , Altman Irwin M. , Malec James F. 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
To describe the history, organization, goals, and data management procedures of the Foundation to Advance Brain Rehabilitation (FABR).

Setting:
Postacute brain injury rehabilitation following acute inpatient care.

Key Points:
FABR was incorporated in 2019 with a primary mission to advance brain rehabilitation through scientific and strategic analysis of industry-wide data. Contributing FABR member organizations include Bancroft NeuroRehab, Collage Rehabilitation Partners, On With Life, Pate NeuroRehabilitation, and Shepherd Center. These organizations contribute demographic, admission, discharge, and follow-up data on persons served in 5 types of intensive posthospital brain injury rehabilitation programs (neurobehavioral residential, neurorehabilitation residential, home and community neurorehabilitation, day treatment, and outpatient) and 3 types of supported living programs (neurobehavioral residential, residential, and community-based) to a collaborative database managed by Inventive Software Solutions. Inventive Software Solutions provides FABR researchers with a dataset that is de-identified both for participant and organizational identifying information.
A Synthetic View on Acanthamoeba Keratitis Host Immune Response: Potential Factors Influencing the Development of Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Prado-Costa Bianca , Pinto Larissa Fagundes , Fonseca Mariana Fernandes , de Freitas Denise , Alvarenga Larissa Magalhães 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compile the current knowledge concerning Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) host immune response to better understand the elements involved in the chronification of inflammation and worse disease outcomes.

Methods:
A scoping review of the literature on AK host immune response was written after a systematic literature search was performed on the PubMed, Latin American Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases. Recovered articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the selected studies were analyzed to compile the review.

Results:
The search strategy yielded a total of 768 articles from all searched databases. After the exclusion of duplicate records, 412 studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, a total of 95 articles were selected to compile this review, of which 15 were included as additional bibliography. As for study type, 45 were experimental, 19 were observational, 23 were case reports, and 8 were reviews.

Conclusions:
From the literature, both innate and adaptive immune systems seem to play an important role in AK control and resolution. On the other hand, there is also abundant evidence pointing out that the development of chronic and extracorneal inflammation is immune mediated and is influenced by several factors such as individual patient genetic variability, inadequate treatment, and Acanthamoeba strain pathogenicity.
Optimizing Corneal Transplant Safety: The Impact of Mandatory Prion Protein Testing on Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease Prevention in the Czech Republic
Authors: Netuková Magdaléna , Okál Marián , Studený Pavel , Kolín Vojtěch , Matěj Radoslav 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of legally mandated testing for pathogenic prion proteins in corneal tissue donors in the Czech Republic, considering its impact on safety, financial, and temporal costs.

Methods:
Between January 2007 and December 2023, standardized brain regions were collected from all corneal tissue donors in the Czech Republic. Tissue samples were tested for the presence of pathogenic prion proteins by the Czech Reference Laboratory for Human Prion Diseases. The testing used a Western blot analysis, using 2 distinct monoclonal anti-PrP antibodies.

Results:
A total of 8030 donors were tested. Four tested samples were initially weakly positive. Subsequent testing conclusively determined these samples to be negative. The remaining 8026 tests yielded negative results confirming the safety of donor screening.

Conclusions:
We did not observe any cases of proven transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). TSE testing has consistently confirmed that no patients with TSE have been selected into the corneal donor pool, solidifying the effectiveness of the active surveillance program and exclusion criteria. We propose that these mechanisms effectively prevent patients with TSEs from being included in the corneal tissue donor pool. However, the substantial financial costs and a 2-day delay in processing pose challenges, contributing to graft nonutilization and potential negative impacts on patients in acute need. Moreover, the unique requirement for pathogenic prion testing in the Czech Republic also makes importing any corneal grafts from other countries impossible, as those tissues do not fulfill Czech legal requirements.
Diagnostic model for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Yin Xuehong , Qin Enqiang , Song Rui , Bao Xuli , Dong Jinling , Hou Wei , Hua Wei , Tu Bo , Zhang Yuening , Meng Qinghua 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a potentially life-threatening complication of cirrhotic ascites. Early diagnosis and treatment of SBP are essential to improve the survival rates and prognosis of patients. We aimed to identify the predictors of SBP to establish a new noninvasive early diagnostic tool.MethodsWe screened 1618 patients who underwent paracentesis due to cirrhotic ascites between January 2017 and December 2018 in three hospitals. We evaluated the symptomatic, clinical, and laboratory parameters to identify the predictors of SBP. The primary diagnostic model was displayed as a nomogram.ResultsThe model included abdominal pain, diarrhea, white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, and Model for End-stage Liver Disease score. The model’s diagnostic performance was good, with an AUC of 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81–0.87] in the training cohort. In the validation cohort, the diagnostic ability was also good, with AUCs of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83–0.91) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87–0.94) for inner and outer validation queues, respectively. Moreover, the decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram model. In addition, we developed a Microsoft Excel calculation model to allow convenient adoption of the model in clinical practice.ConclusionWe developed good performing diagnostic models for SBP.
Motivational Enhancement System for Adherence for Adolescents and Young Adults Newly Recommended to Start Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Outlaw Angulique Y. , Templin Thomas , MacDonell Karen , Jones Monique , Secord Elizabeth , Naar Sylvie 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (age 13–24 years) accounted for 20% of HIV diagnoses in the United States and 6 dependent areas in 2020. Optimal treatment adherence during adolescence and young adulthood decreases the pool of infectious individuals during the risky sexual activity commonly reported among AYAs living with HIV.

Methods:
Adolescents and young adults newly recommended to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) were recruited, nationally, from 7 clinical sites. At each clinical site, participants were randomized to receive a 2-session (baseline and 1 month) online intervention. For the Motivational Enhancement System for Health (MESA) intervention condition, based on the principles of motivational interviewing, participants received ART information and personalized feedback + ART standard of care (n = 86), while for the System for Health (SH) control condition, participants received information on healthy eating and physical activity + ART standard of care (n = 66).

Results:
Adherence was 21% greater in the MESA intervention group compared with the SH control group at 6 months. In addition, the MESA intervention group was significantly more adherent during the postintervention, and was more likely to maintain viral suppression up to 12 months after initiating ART if both doses of the intervention were received compared with the SH control group.

Conclusions:
A brief, scalable online computer-delivered intervention shows promise for achieving long-term health outcomes because of improved adherence when intervention occurs early in the course of treatment.

Trial Registration:
NCT02761746.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Testing, Recent Infections, and Annualized Incidence Among Cisgender Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Brazil
Authors: Jalil Cristina M. , Teixeira Sylvia L. M. , Coutinho Carolina , Nazer Sandro C. , Carvalheira Eduardo , Hoagland Brenda , Cardoso Sandra W. , Luz Paula M. , Veloso Valdilea G. , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Jalil Emilia M. , Torres Thiago S. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic had great impact on HIV care and prevention worldwide, including in Brazil. We compared HIV testing, recent infection, and annualized incidence according to the COVID-19 pandemic period among cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW).

Setting:
HIV and sexually transmitted infection testing, prevention, and treatment referral service in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods:
We used Maxim HIV-1 Limiting Antigen Avidity EIA as part of a recent infection testing algorithm to identify recent HIV infection cases and estimate annualized HIV incidences in the pre- (March 2018–February 2020) and post-COVID-19 pandemic onset period (March 2020–January 2022). Multivariable logistic regression model assessed factors associated with recent HIV infection.

Results:
Among 3814 MSM and 776 TGW, 593 (12.9%) tested positive for HIV and 119 (2.6%) were identified as having recent infection. Percentage of recent HIV infection did not differ between the COVID-19 periods. Overall annualized HIV incidence rates were 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.2 to 7.7) and 6.6% (95% CI: 4.3 to 9.0) in the pre- and post-COVID-19 periods, respectively. During the post-COVID-19 period, higher incidence rates were observed among TGW (8.4% [95% CI: 2.9 to 13.9]), those aged 18–24 years (7.8% [95% CI: 4.0 to 11.7]), of Black race (7.9% [95% CI: 3.8 to 12.0]), and those with <12 years of schooling (7.8% [95% CI: 4.8 to 10.8]). Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, incidence rates were significantly higher in the post-COVID-19 period for those aged >30 years and TGW, while being lower for those with more years of schooling.

Conclusion:
HIV incidence estimates remain high among MSM and TGW in Brazil, especially among the most vulnerable. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the HIV epidemic will likely persist and contribute to worsening HIV outcomes.
Review of Clinical Applications of Sonazoid Ultrasound Contrast for Liver Evaluation
Authors: Luo Yunhao , Huang Qiuyun , Wen Danlin , Yan Jiaojun , Liu Fangqin , Qiao Lang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sonazoid is a new ultrasound contrast agent with unique Kupffer phase imaging advantages and high mechanical index stability. This paper introduces the basic theories and advantages of Sonazoid ultrasound. Then, the application and latest advances of Sonazoid in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases are reviewed in detail. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of Sonazoid ultrasound and its future directions are discussed. Sonazoid is expected to become an important tool for clinical ultrasound diagnosis and treatment.
The Impact of Area Deprivation Index, Geography, and Mechanism on Incidence of Ballistic Injury to the Upper Extremity
Authors: Brown Danielle J. , Van Handel Amelia C. , Shim Kevin G. , Payne Rachael M. , Tandon Damini , Chi David , Evans Adam G. , Pet Mitchell A. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
This study investigates the intersection of ballistic injuries, geography, and Area Deprivation Index (ADI). We hypothesized that both ADI and geography are correlated with incidence of upper extremity ballistic injuries. Further, we characterize and compare 2 distinct upper extremity gunshot injury populations presenting to our institution: those sustaining violent ballistic injuries and those who suffer an accidental, self-inflicted injury. Our purpose is to evaluate the impact of geography and ADI on the pattern of upper extremity gunshot injuries in Illinois and Missouri.

Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective review of adult patients sustaining ballistic injury to the upper extremity at a single urban level I trauma center over 10 years (n = 797). Seven hundred thirty patients had home addresses in Illinois or Missouri; these addresses were geocoded and included for analysis. Mechanism of injury was self-reported. ADI was measured from the 2019 Neighborhood Atlas, in which deprivation increases from 1 to 100. Comparisons between groups were conducted with unpaired t tests, Fisher exact test, or χ
2 testing, where appropriate.

Results
Addresses constituted 259 unique census tracts, and the average number of upper extremity gunshot wound incidents per tract was 3, with a maximum of 22; 15.4% of census block tracts made up almost half (48.4%) of the total ballistic injuries in the study period; 97.7% of violent injuries occurred in Urban areas, as compared with only 60% of accidental injuries (P < 0.05). ADI and incidence of upper extremity ballistic injury were positively correlated. ADI varied significantly between patients sustaining violent (median, 94; mean, 86.1) versus accidental self-inflicted (median, 79; mean, 70.9) injuries (P < 0.05). Fifty percent of violent injuries in our data set occurred in block groups from the 2 most deprived quintiles.

Conclusions
Upper extremity gunshot wounds in general are concentrated in census blocks with high ADI. Violent injuries in particular are more likely to occur in urban areas with high ADI, whereas patients with accidental, self-inflicted injuries are more geographically and socioeconomically diverse. These differing populations require unique approaches to reduce incidence and morbidity.
Assessing bnAb potency in the context of HIV-1 Envelope conformational plasticity
Authors: Foulkes Caio , Friedrich Nikolas , Ivan Branislav , Stiegeler Emanuel , Magnus Carsten , Schmidt Daniel , Karakus Umut , Weber Jacqueline , Günthard Huldrych F. , Pasin Chloé , Rusert Peter , Trkola Alexandra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ability of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to interact with the closed, pre-fusion HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer distinguishes them from weakly neutralizing antibodies (weak-nAbs) that depend on trimer opening to bind. Comparative analysis of neutralization data from the CATNAP database revealed a nuanced relationship between bnAb activity and Env conformational plasticity, with substantial epitope-specific variation of bnAb potency ranging from increased to decreased activity against open, neutralization-sensitive Env. To systematically investigate the impact of Env conformational dynamics on bnAb potency we screened 126 JR-CSF point mutants for generalized neutralization sensitivity to weak-nAbs and plasma from people with chronic HIV-1 infection. 23 mutations at highly conserved sites resulted in neutralization phenotype with high Tier 1 sensitivity, which was associated with destabilization of the closed, prefusion conformation. Including 19 of these mutants into a Sensitivity Env mutant panel (SENSE-19), we classified bnAbs according to potency variations in response to trimer opening. To verify that these sensitivity patterns are independent of the in vitro assay system, replication-competent SENSE-19 mutant viruses were tested on primary CD4 T cells. While loss of potency on SENSE-19 was registered for bnAbs recognizing quaternary epitopes on pre-triggered Env, structural destabilization benefitted MPER bnAbs and other inhibitors known to have post-CD4 attachment neutralization activity. Importantly, for certain bnAbs targeting CD4bs, V3-glycan and interface epitopes, particularly low potency variation was noted, suggesting that Env conformational tolerance can be achieved but is not the rule. In summary, SENSE-19 screens revealed distinct Env flexibility tolerance levels between bnAb types that provide mechanistic insights in their function and broaden current neutralization breadth assessments.Author summaryConsistently high potency and neutralizing breadth against genetically divergent strains circulating worldwide are central to the applicability of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) for prevention and therapy. The trimeric Envelope protein complex on these viruses is the target for nAbs and because of its inherent flexibility can be presented in different shapes. However, the activity of nAbs depends to different degree on the presentation of certain shapes, limiting their potency and breadth. Here we assemble a virus panel that can be used to estimate this dependence, enabling the identification of bnAbs tolerating the presentation of different shapes.
Off-Equilibrium Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem Paves the Way in Alzheimer’s Disease Research
Authors: Patow Gustavo , Monti Juan , Acero-Pousa Irene , Idesis Sebastián , Escrichs Anira , Perl Yonatan Sanz , Ritter Petra , Kringelbach Morten , Deco Gustavo ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Although traditional methods have provided insights into brain dynamics in AD, they have limitations in capturing non-equilibrium dynamics across disease stages. Recent studies suggest that dynamic functional connectivity in resting-state networks (RSNs) may serve as a biomarker for AD, but the role of deviations from dynamical equilibrium remains underexplored.OBJECTIVEThis study applies the off-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT)1to analyze brain dynamics in AD, aiming to compare deviations from equilibrium in healthy controls, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and those with AD. The goal is to identify potential biomarkers for early AD detection and understand disease progression’s mechanisms.METHODSWe employed a model-free approach based on FDT to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, including healthy controls, MCI patients, and AD patients. Deviations from equilibrium in resting-state brain activity were quantified using fMRI scans. In addition, we performed model-based simulations incorporating Amyloid-Beta (Aβ), tau burdens, and Generative Effective Connectivity (GEC) for each subject.RESULTSOur findings show that deviations from equilibrium increase during the MCI stage, indicating hyperexcitability, followed by a significant decline in later stages of AD, reflecting neuronal damage. Model-based simulations incorporating Aβand tau burdens closely replicated these dynamics, especially in AD patients, highlighting their role in disease progression. Healthy controls exhibited lower deviations, while AD patients showed the most significant disruptions in brain dynamics.DISCUSSIONThe study demonstrates that the off-equilibrium FDT framework can accurately characterize brain dynamics in AD, providing a potential biomarker for early detection. The increase in non-equilibrium deviations during the MCI stage followed by their decline in AD offers a mechanistic explanation for disease progression. Future research should explore how combining this framework with other dynamic brain measures could further refine diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Neurophysiological signatures of default mode network dysfunction and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ozdemir Recep A. , Passera Brice , Fried Peter J. , Press Daniel , Shaughnessy Lynn W. , Buss Stephanie , Shafi Mouhsin M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNeural hyper-excitability and network dysfunction are neurophysiological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in animal studies, but their presence and clinical relevance in humans remain poorly understood. We introduce a novel perturbation-based approach combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG), alongside resting-state EEG (rsEEG), to investigate neurophysiological basis of default mode network (DMN) dysfunction in early AD. While rsEEG revealed global neural slowing and disrupted synchrony, these measures reflected widespread changes in brain neurophysiology without network-specific insights. In contrast, TMS-EEG identified network-specific local hyper-excitability in the parietal DMN and disrupted connectivity with frontal DMN regions, which uniquely predicted distinct cognitive impairments and mediated the link between structural brain integrity and cognition. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into how network-specific neurophysiological disruptions contribute to AD-related cognitive dysfunction. Perturbation-based assessments hold promise as novel markers of early detection, disease progression, and target engagement for disease-modifying therapies aiming to restore abnormal neurophysiology in AD.