bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Biosafety During Pregnancy: What Do Operators Know in the Developing World?
Authors: Akhtar Waseem , Arain Mubashir Aslam , Ali Arif , Manzar Nabeel , Sajjad Zafar , Memon Mukhtiar , Memon Wasim , Ahmad Nadeem 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of ultrasound users toward safety aspects during routine obstetric examinations.MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire was given to all registered participants of the 10th Annual International Radiological Conference in Karachi, Pakistan.ResultsA total of 306 participants completed the questionnaire (response rate, 70%), including 170 consultant radiologists (55%), 90 radiology residents (30%), 31 sonographers (10%), and 15 others (5%). The mean sonography experience of the end users ± SD was 5.1 ± 5 years. Around half of the participants (45.5%) reported that there should be limitations on the use of ultrasound during low‐risk pregnancy. Overall, safety knowledge was inadequate among the participants. However, those who were concerned about limitations on the use of ultrasound during pregnancy were 2.5 times more likely to be familiar with the mechanical index (P < .001) and 1.8 times more likely to be familiar with the thermal index (P < .001).ConclusionsIncreased training for professionals on safety issues of ultrasound procedures during pregnancy is needed. Furthermore, the concept of the absolute safety of ultrasound procedures without knowledge of safety parameters such as the mechanical and thermal indices needs to be changed, and more clarity is required when defining parameters under which the procedures can be safely performed.
Placental Thickness in the Second Trimester
Authors: Lee Anna J. , Bethune Michael , Hiscock Richard J. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesWe sought to determine the normal sonographically measured placental thickness in millimeters at the second‐trimester scan (18 weeks to 22 weeks 6 days) and determine whether the measurement should be adjusted for gestational age and the placental site.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional observational pilot study involving 114 consecutive patients with singleton pregnancies presenting for routine second‐trimester sonography between 18 weeks and 22 weeks 6 days.ResultsThe unadjusted overall mean placental thickness was 24.6 (SD, 7.29) mm. The placental thickness was normally distributed. On multivariable analysis, the predicted mean thickness was 6.6 mm (95% confidence interval, 4.4 to 8.8 mm; P < .001) less in anterior compared to posterior or fundal placentas and increased by 0.6 mm (95% confidence interval, −0.5 to 1.7 mm; P = .27) for each week increase in gestation after 18 weeksConclusionsThe placental position and possibly gestational age need to be considered when determining placental thickness. Anterior placentas are approximately 7 mm thinner than posterior or fundal placentas. Anterior placentas of greater than 33 mm and posterior placentas of greater than 40 mm should be considered abnormally thick.
Generation of 3‐D hydrostratigraphic zones from dense airborne electromagnetic data to assess groundwater model prediction error
Authors: Christensen N. K. , Minsley B. J. , Christensen S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present a new methodology to combine spatially dense high‐resolution airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data and sparse borehole information to construct multiple plausible geological structures using a stochastic approach. The method developed allows for quantification of the performance of groundwater models built from different geological realizations of structure. Multiple structural realizations are generated using geostatistical Monte Carlo simulations that treat sparse borehole lithological observations as hard data and dense geophysically derived structural probabilities as soft data. Each structural model is used to define 3‐D hydrostratigraphical zones of a groundwater model, and the hydraulic parameter values of the zones are estimated by using nonlinear regression to fit hydrological data (hydraulic head and river discharge measurements). Use of the methodology is demonstrated for a synthetic domain having structures of categorical deposits consisting of sand, silt, or clay. It is shown that using dense AEM data with the methodology can significantly improve the estimated accuracy of the sediment distribution as compared to when borehole data are used alone. It is also shown that this use of AEM data can improve the predictive capability of a calibrated groundwater model that uses the geological structures as zones. However, such structural models will always contain errors because even with dense AEM data it is not possible to perfectly resolve the structures of a groundwater system. It is shown that when using such erroneous structures in a groundwater model, they can lead to biased parameter estimates and biased model predictions, therefore impairing the model's predictive capability.
Transverse and longitudinal mixing in real emergent vegetation at low velocities
Authors: Sonnenwald F. , Hart J. R. , West P. , Stovin V. R. , Guymer I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnderstanding solute mixing within real vegetation is critical to predicting and evaluating the performance of engineered natural systems such as storm water ponds. For the first time, mixing has been quantified through simultaneous laboratory measurements of transverse and longitudinal dispersion within artificial and real emergent vegetation. Dispersion coefficients derived from a routing solution to the 2‐D Advection Dispersion Equation (ADE) are presented that compare the effects of vegetation type (artificial, Typha latifolia or Carex acutiformis) and growth season (winter or summer). The new experimental dispersion coefficients are plotted with the experimental values from other studies and used to review existing mixing models for emergent vegetation. The existing mixing models fail to predict the observed mixing within natural vegetation, particularly for transverse dispersion, reflecting the complexity of processes associated with the heterogeneous nature of real vegetation. Observed stem diameter distributions are utilized to highlight the sensitivity of existing models to this key length‐scale descriptor, leading to a recommendation that future models intended for application to real vegetation should be based on probabilistic descriptions of both stem diameters and stem spacings.
Significance of recurrence of minimal residual disease detected by multi‐parameter flow cytometry in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in morphological remission
Authors: Pemmaraju Naveen , Kantarjian Hagop , Jorgensen Jeffrey L. , Jabbour Elias , Jain Nitin , Thomas Deborah , O'Brien Susan , Wang Xuemei , Huang Xuelin , Wang Sa A. , Konopleva Marina , Konoplev Sergej , Kadia Tapan , Garris Rebecca , Pierce Sherry , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Cortes Jorge , Ravandi Farhad 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe sought to determine the significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) relapse in patients with ALL after achieving MRD negative status following induction and consolidation therapy. Between January 2003 and September 2014, 647 newly diagnosed patients were treated [HyperCVAD‐based (n = 531); Augmented BFM (n = 116)]. Six hundred and one (93%) achieved complete remission (CR), and 546 (91%) became MRD negative. Fifty‐five patients [HyperCVAD‐based (n = 49); Augmented BFM (n = 6)] developed recurrence of MRD while still in morphological CR and are the subjects of this study. MRD was assessed by 6‐color (4‐color prior to 2009) multi‐parameter flow cytometry (MFC) at CR and multiple time points thereafter. Their median age was 44 years (range, 18–72 years), median WBC at initial presentation was 7.3 K/µL−1 (range, 0.6–303.8 K/µL−1) and median bone marrow blast percentage 88% (range, 26–98%). The median time to MRD relapse was 14 months (range 3–58 months). Forty‐four (80%) patients subsequently developed morphological relapse after median of 3 months (range, <1–33 months) from detection of MRD recurrence. Treatments received after MRD positivity and prior to morphological relapse: 16 continued maintenance chemotherapy; 15 received late intensification; 9 allogeneic stem cell transplant, 9 changed chemotherapy, 6 no further therapy. Only six remain alive and in CR1 and nine are alive after morphological relapse. MRD relapse detected by MFC at any time after achieving CR is associated with a high risk for morphological relapse. SCT can result in long‐term remission in some patients. Prospective studies of long‐term MRD assessments, together with less toxic treatment strategies to eradicate MRD, are warranted.
The combination of cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil is less effective than cyclosporine and methotrexate in the prevention of acute graft‐versus host disease after stem‐cell transplantation from unrelated donors
Authors: Yerushalmi Ronit , Shem‐Tov Noga , Danylesko Ivetta , Shouval Roni , Nagler Arnon , Shimoni Avichai 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAcute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is the major treatment‐related complication after stem‐cell transplantation (SCT) from unrelated‐donors. Several GVHD prophylaxis regimens have been explored, but no regimen has shown superiority. We analyzed transplantation outcomes in 472 consecutive unrelated‐donor SCT recipients, using cyclosporine/methotrexate (MTX, n = 314) or cyclosporine/mycophenolate‐mofetil (MMF, n = 158) for GVHD prophylaxis. Neutrophil engraftment was faster after MMF, days 11 and 14, respectively (P = .001). Acute GVHD grade II‐IV and III‐IV occurred in 47% and 28% after MMF compared to 27% and 12% after MTX, respectively (P < .001). Nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was 44% and 24%, respectively (P < .001). Death associated with GVHD occurred in 25% and 8% (P < .0001), while other NRM causes occurred in 19% and 16%, respectively (P = .39). Relapse mortality was similar. Overall survival was better after MTX, 40% and 29%, respectively (P = .006). However, this difference had only borderline significance when adjusting for differences in patient characteristics (HR, 1.3, P = .08). To minimize potential selection bias we analyzed outcomes on the basis of an intention‐to‐treat like analysis. During the years 2008‐2009, the leading GVHD prophylaxis regimen for unrelated‐donor SCT included MMF (89% of transplants). During the other periods, MTX was used predominantly (82% of transplants). The two periods were otherwise well‐matched. Acute GVHD occurred more often in 2008‐2009. Death associated with GVHD occurred more often, while other NRM causes occurred less often resulting in similar NRM and overall survival. In conclusion, cyclosporine/MMF is associated with faster engraftment and possibly with less organ toxicity than cyclosporine/MTX. However, it is associated with increased rates of acute GVHD and GVHD‐associated deaths.
IKAROS expression in distinct bone marrow cell populations as a candidate biomarker for outcome with lenalidomide‐dexamethasone therapy in multiple myeloma
Authors: Bolomsky Arnold , Hübl Wolfgang , Spada Stefano , Müldür Ercan , Schlangen Karin , Heintel Daniel , Rocci Alberto , Weißmann Adalbert , Fritz Veronique , Willheim Martin , Zojer Niklas , Palumbo Antonio , Ludwig Heinz 
Published: January 2017

AbstractImmunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) are a cornerstone in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), but specific markers to predict outcome are still missing. Recent work pointed to a prognostic role for IMiD target genes (e.g. CRBN). Moreover, indirect activity of IMiDs on immune cells correlated with outcome, raising the possibility that cell populations in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment could serve as biomarkers. We therefore analysed gene expression levels of six IMiD target genes in whole BM samples of 44 myeloma patients treated with lenalidomide‐dexamethasone. Expression of CRBN (R = 0.30, P = .05), IKZF1 (R = 0.31, P = .04), IRF4 (R = 0.38, P = .01), MCT‐1 (R = 0.30, P = .05), and CD147 (R = 0.38, P = .01), but not IKZF3 (R = −0.15, P = .34), was significantly associated with response. Interestingly, IKZF1 expression was elevated in BM environmental cells and thus selected for further investigation by multicolor flow cytometry. High IKAROS protein levels in total BM mononuclear cells (median OS 83.4 vs. 32.2 months, P = .02), CD19+ B cells (median OS 71.1 vs. 32.2 months, P = .05), CD3+ CD8+ T cells (median OS 83.4 vs 19.0 months, P = .008) as well as monocytes (median OS 53.9 vs 18.0 months, P = .009) were associated with superior overall survival (OS). In contrast, IKAROS protein expression in MM cells was not predictive for OS. Our data therefore corroborate the central role of immune cells for the clinical activity of IMiDs and built the groundwork for prospective analysis of IKAROS protein levels in distinct cell populations as a potential biomarker for IMiD based therapies.
Impact of FAB classification on predicting outcome in acute myeloid leukemia, not otherwise specified, patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation in CR1: An analysis of 1690 patients from the acute leukemia working party of EBMT
Authors: Canaani Jonathan , Beohou Eric , Labopin Myriam , Socié Gerard , Huynh Anne , Volin Liisa , Cornelissen Jan , Milpied Noel , Gedde‐Dahl Tobias , Deconinck Eric , Fegueux Nathalie , Blaise Didier , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe French, American, and British (FAB) classification system for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is extensively used and is incorporated into the AML, not otherwise specified (NOS) category in the 2016 WHO edition of myeloid neoplasm classification. While recent data proposes that FAB classification does not provide additional prognostic information for patients for whom NPM1 status is available, it is unknown whether FAB still retains a current prognostic role in predicting outcome of AML patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Using the European Society of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation registry we analyzed outcome of 1690 patients transplanted in CR1 to determine if FAB classification provides additional prognostic value. Multivariate analysis revealed that M6/M7 patients had decreased leukemia free survival (hazard ratio (HR) of 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.99; P = .046) in addition to increased nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rates (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.06–3.01; P = .028) compared with other FAB types. In the NPM1wt AML, NOS cohort, FAB M6/M7 was also associated with increased NRM (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.14–4.16; P = .019). Finally, in FLT3‐ITD+ patients, multivariate analyses revealed that specific FAB types were tightly associated with adverse outcome. In conclusion, FAB classification may predict outcome following transplantation in AML, NOS patients.
Unexplained isolated hyperferritinemia without iron overload
Authors: Ravasi Giulia , Pelucchi Sara , Mariani Raffaella , Casati Marco , Greni Federico , Arosio Cristina , Pelloni Irene , Majore Silvia , Santambrogio Paolo , Levi Sonia , Piperno Alberto 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlthough hyperferritinemia may be reflective of elevated total body iron stores, there are conditions in which ferritin levels are disproportionately elevated relative to iron status. Autosomal dominant forms of hyperferritinemia due to mutations in the L−ferritin IRE or in A helix of L−ferritin gene have been described, however cases of isolated hyperferritinemia still remain unsolved. We describe 12 Italian subjects with unexplained isolated hyperferritinemia (UIH). Four probands have affected siblings, but no affected parents or offspring. Sequencing analyses did not identify casual mutations in ferritin gene or IRE regions. These patients had normal levels of intracellular ferritin protein and mRNA in peripheral blood cells excluding pathological ferritin production at transcriptional and post‐transcriptional level. In contrast with individuals with benign hyperferritinemia caused by mutations affecting the ferritin A helix, low rather than high glycosylation of serum ferritin was observed in our UIH subjects compared with controls. These findings suggest that subjects with UIH have a previously undescribed form of hyperferritinemia possibly attributable to increased cellular ferritin secretion and/or decreased serum ferritin clearance. The cause remains to be defined and we can only speculate the existence of mutations in gene/s not directly implicated in iron metabolism that could affect ferritin turnover including ferritin secretion.
0D/2D Heterojunctions of Vanadate Quantum Dots/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Enhanced Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalysis
Authors: Ye Meng‐Yang , Zhao Zhi‐Hao , Hu Zhuo‐Feng , Liu Le‐Quan , Ji Hui‐Ming , Shen Zhu‐Rui , Ma Tian‐Yi 
Published: January 2017

Abstract0D/2D heterojunctions, especially quantum dots (QDs)/nanosheets (NSs) have attracted significant attention for use of photoexcited electrons/holes due to their high charge mobility. Herein, unprecedent heterojunctions of vanadate (AgVO3, BiVO4, InVO4 and CuV2O6) QDs/graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) NSs exhibiting multiple unique advances beyond traditional 0D/2D composites have been developed. The photoactive contribution, up‐conversion absorption, and nitrogen coordinating sites of g‐C3N4 NSs, highly dispersed vanadate nanocrystals, as well as the strong coupling and band alignment between them lead to superior visible‐light‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) and photocatalytic performance, competing with the best reported photocatalysts. This work is expected to provide a new concept to construct multifunctional 0D/2D nanocomposites for a large variety of opto‐electronic applications, not limited in photocatalysis.
Characterization of isochlorogenic acid A metabolites in rats using high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Jing , Cao Guoxiu , Wang Hong , Ye Hui , Zhong Yunxi , Wang Guangji , Hao Haiping 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIsochlorogenic acid A is widely present in fruits, vegetables and herbal medicines, and is characterized by anti‐inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antiviral properties. However, little is known about its metabolic fate and pharmacokinetic properties. This study is thus designed to investigate the metabolic fate of isochlorogenic acid A. An analytical method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/Q‐TOF MS) was established to characterize the metabolites of isochlorogenic acid A in the plasma, urine and feces of rats. A total of 32 metabolites were identified. The metabolic pathways mainly include hydrolyzation, dehydroxylation, hydrogenation and conjugation with methyl, glucuronic acid, glycine, sulfate, glutathione and cysteine. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic profiles of all the circulating metabolites were investigated. M11 resulting from hydrolyzation, dehydroxylation and hydrogenation was the dominant circulating metabolite after the intragastric administration of isochlorogenic acid A. The results obtained will be useful for further study of elucidating potential bioactive metabolites which can provide better explanation of the pharmacological and/or toxicological effects of this compound.
Oxygen Atom Transfer Using an Iron(IV)‐Oxo Embedded in a Tetracyclic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene System: How Does the Reactivity Compare to Cytochrome P450 Compound I?
Authors: Cantú Reinhard Fabián G. , de Visser Sam P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are commonly featured as ligands in transition metal catalysis. Recently, a cyclic system containing four NHC groups with a central iron atom was synthesized and its iron(IV)‐oxo species, [FeIV(O)(cNHC4)]2+, was characterized. This tetracyclic NHC ligand system may give the iron(IV)‐oxo species unique catalytic properties as compared to traditional non‐heme and heme iron ligand systems. Therefore, we performed a computational study on the structure and reactivity of the [FeIV(O)(cNHC4)]2+ complex in substrate hydroxylation and epoxidation reactions. The reactivity patterns are compared with cytochrome P450 Compound I and non‐heme iron(IV)‐oxo models and it is shown that the [FeIV(O)(cNHC4)]2+ system is an effective oxidant with oxidative power analogous to P450 Compound I. Unfortunately, in polar solvents, a solvent molecule will bind to the sixth ligand position and decrease the catalytic activity of the oxidant. A molecular orbital and valence bond analysis provides insight into the origin of the reactivity differences and makes predictions of how to further exploit these systems in chemical catalysis.
Isolation of a Reactive Cyclopropane Intermediate via a Unique Catalyst‐Free Spontaneous Cyclopropanation Step at 0 °C
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Dewhurst Rian D. , Ewing William C. , Kuntze‐Fechner Maximilian W. , Schäfer Marius 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA remarkably mild, catalyst‐free cyclopropanation reaction is confirmed by low‐temperature isolation of a fused bicyclic cyclopropane intermediate. This intermediate is one of two that were isolated and fully characterised in a three‐step temperature‐controllable reaction cascade.
Sprayable, Large‐Area Metal–Organic Framework Films and Membranes of Varying Thickness
Authors: Hurrle Silvana , Friebe Sebastian , Wohlgemuth Jonas , Wöll Christof , Caro Jürgen , Heinke Lars 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDespite their huge potential for efficient molecular separation, the fabrication of membranes from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) remains a major challenge. The powders obtained by the conventional solvothermal MOF syntheses are difficult to process, and as a result the fabrication of well‐performing, large‐area MOF‐based membranes is still awaiting success. The deposition of MOF thin films suited for membrane applications is demonstrated by employing a step‐by‐step spray method. This method can be scaled up to obtain industrially relevant membrane areas and a continuous process is also possible. The performance of sprayed HKUST‐1‐based membranes by the separation of a binary H2/CO2 mixture is also demonstrated. Furthermore, this approach enables the control of the MOF film thickness, and thus controlling the permeance and the selectivity of the membrane.
Innocent But Deadly: Nontoxic Organoiridium Catalysts Promote Selective Cancer Cell Death
Authors: Yang Lu , Bose Sohini , Ngo Anh H. , Do Loi H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate that nontoxic organoiridum complexes can selectively chemosensitize cancer cells toward platinum antiproliferative agents. Treatment of human cancer cells (breast, colon, eye/retina, head/neck, lung, ovary, and blood) with the iridium chemosensitizers led to lowering of the 50 % growth inhibition concentration (IC50) of the Pt drug carboplatin by up to ∼30–50 %. Interestingly, non‐cancer cells were mostly resistant to the chemosensitizing effects of the iridium complexes. Cell culture studies indicate that cancer cells that were administered with Ir show significantly higher reactive oxygen species concentrations as well as NAD+/NADH ratios (oxidized vs. reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) than Ir‐treated non‐cancer cells. These biochemical changes are consistent with a catalytic transfer hydrogenation cycle involving the formation of iridium‐hydride species from the reaction of the iridium catalysts with NADH and subsequent oxidation in air to generate hydrogen peroxide.