bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Naturalistic Assessment of the Organization of Children's Memories Predicts Cognitive Functioning and Reading Ability
Authors: Mota Natália Bezerra , Weissheimer Janaína , Madruga Beatriz , Adamy Nery , Bunge Silvia A. , Copelli Mauro , Ribeiro Sidarta 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTTo explore the relationship between memory and early school performance, we used graph theory to investigate memory reports from 76 children aged 6–8 years. The reports comprised autobiographical memories of events days to years past, and memories of novel images reported immediately after encoding. We also measured intelligence quotient (IQ) and theory of mind (ToM). Reading and Mathematics were assessed before classes began (December 2013), around the time of report collection (June 2014), and at the end of the academic year (December 2014). IQ and ToM correlated positively with word diversity and word‐to‐word connectivity, and negatively with word recurrence. Connectivity correlated positively with Reading in June 2014 as well as December 2014, even after adjusting for IQ and ToM. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating a link between the structure of children's memories and their cognitive or academic performance.
Specific alleles at immune genes, rather than genome‐wide heterozygosity, are related to immunity and survival in the critically endangered Attwater's prairie‐chicken
Authors: Bateson Zachary W. , Hammerly Susan C. , Johnson Jeff A. , Morrow Michael E. , Whittingham Linda A. , Dunn Peter O. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe negative effects of inbreeding on fitness are serious concerns for populations of endangered species. Reduced fitness has been associated with lower genome‐wide heterozygosity and immune gene diversity in the wild; however, it is rare that both types of genetic measures are included in the same study. Thus, it is often unclear whether the variation in fitness is due to the general effects of inbreeding, immunity‐related genes or both. Here, we tested whether genome‐wide heterozygosity (20 990 SNPs) and diversity at nine immune genes were better predictors of two measures of fitness (immune response and survival) in the endangered Attwater's prairie‐chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri). We found that postrelease survival of captive‐bred birds was related to alleles of the innate (Toll‐like receptors, TLRs) and adaptive (major histocompatibility complex, MHC) immune systems, but not to genome‐wide heterozygosity. Likewise, we found that the immune response at the time of release was related to TLR and MHC alleles, and not to genome‐wide heterozygosity. Overall, this study demonstrates that immune genes may serve as important genetic markers when monitoring fitness in inbred populations and that in some populations specific functional genes may be better predictors of fitness than genome‐wide heterozygosity.
COSTS OF UNCOORDINATED SITE SELECTION WITH MULTIPLE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
Authors: DRECHSLER MARTIN , WÄTZOLD FRANK 
Published: August 2016

AbstractModels to spatially optimize land use measures for achieving multiple ecosystem service and biodiversity goals typically assume that a single actor optimizes land use measures to achieve the different goals. However, in reality public administrations are frequently divided into different units, each of which has its own budget and is responsible for one specific ecosystem service or biodiversity conservation target. Frequently these administrative units do not cooperate, even if they are implementing similar land use measures to achieve their respective goal. This lack of coordination may lead to cost‐effectiveness losses in comparison to a coordinated optimization strategy where the weighted conservation and ecosystem service goals are maximized for the total budget available to all administrative units. Considering the problem of selecting land patches for ecosystem service preservation, this paper analyzes with a conceptual model how cost‐effectiveness losses of the uncoordinated strategy in comparison to the coordinated strategy depend on changes in selected parameters (budget, mean and standard deviation of ecosystem services, correlation of ecosystem services on patches and weighting of different ecosystem services) that determine the ecological and socio‐economic context of the decision situation.
Cell wall biochemical alterations during Agrobacterium‐mediated expression of haemagglutinin‐based influenza virus‐like vaccine particles in tobacco
Authors: Le Mauff François , Loutelier‐Bourhis Corinne , Bardor Muriel , Berard Caroline , Doucet Alain , D'Aoust Marc‐André , Vezina Louis‐Philippe , Driouich Azeddine , Couture Manon M.‐J. , Lerouge Patrice 
Published: August 2016

SummaryInfluenza virus‐like particles (VLPs) have been shown to induce a safe and potent immune response through both humoral and cellular responses. They represent promising novel influenza vaccines. Plant‐based biotechnology allows for the large‐scale production of VLPs of biopharmaceutical interest using different model organisms, including Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Through this platform, influenza VLPs bud from the plasma membrane and accumulate between the membrane and the plant cell wall. To design and optimize efficient production processes, a better understanding of the plant cell wall composition of infiltrated tobacco leaves is a major interest for the plant biotechnology industry. In this study, we have investigated the alteration of the biochemical composition of the cell walls of N. benthamiana leaves subjected to abiotic and biotic stresses induced by the Agrobacterium‐mediated transient transformation and the resulting high expression levels of influenza VLPs. Results show that abiotic stress due to vacuum infiltration without Agrobacterium did not induce any detectable modification of the leaf cell wall when compared to non infiltrated leaves. In contrast, various chemical changes of the leaf cell wall were observed post‐Agrobacterium infiltration. Indeed, Agrobacterium infection induced deposition of callose and lignin, modified the pectin methylesterification and increased both arabinosylation of RG‐I side chains and the expression of arabinogalactan proteins. Moreover, these modifications were slightly greater in plants expressing haemagglutinin‐based VLP than in plants infiltrated with the Agrobacterium strain containing only the p19 suppressor of silencing.
Diurnal changes in the histone H3 signature H3K9ac|H3K27ac|H3S28p are associated with diurnal gene expression in Arabidopsis
Authors: Baerenfaller Katja , Shu Huan , Hirsch‐Hoffmann Matthias , Fütterer Johannes , Opitz Lennart , Rehrauer Hubert , Hennig Lars , Gruissem Wilhelm 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPost‐translational chromatin modifications are an important regulatory mechanism in light signalling and circadian clock function. The regulation of diurnal transcript level changes requires fine‐tuning of the expression of generally active genes depending on the prevailing environmental conditions. We investigated the association of histone modifications H3K4me3, H3K9ac, H3K9me2, H3S10p, H3K27ac, H3K27me3 and H3S28p with diurnal changes in transcript expression using chromatin immunoprecipitations followed by sequencing (ChIP‐Seq) in fully expanded leaves 6 of Arabidopsis thaliana grown in short‐day optimal and water‐deficit conditions. We identified a differential H3K9ac, H3K27ac and H3S28p signature between end‐of‐day and end‐of‐night that is correlated with changes in diurnal transcript levels. Genes with this signature have particular over‐represented promoter elements and encode proteins that are significantly enriched for transcription factors, circadian clock and starch catabolic process. Additional activating modifications were prevalent in optimally watered (H3S10p) and in water‐deficit (H3K4me3) plants. The data suggest a mechanism for diurnal transcript level regulation in which reduced binding of repressive transcription factors facilitates activating H3K9ac, H3K27ac and H3S28p chromatin modifications. The presence of activating chromatin modification patterns on genes only at times of the day when their expression is required can explain why some genes are differentially inducible during the diurnal cycle.
An example of ambivalent seventeenth‐century Dante reception: Arcangela Tarabotti's uses of the Commedia in her Semplicità ingannata
Authors: Robarts Julie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article considers Venetian author Arcangela Tarabotti's dependence upon, and ambivalent reception of, Dante's Commedia in her Semplicità ingannata (1654). Through close reading and intertextual analysis, Tarabotti's engagement with the Commedia is situated in contemporary pro‐woman discourse, and post‐Tridentine textual criticism of imaginative literature. From within the convent Tarabotti entered the querelle des femmes, building on the pro‐woman texts of Venetian authors Moderata Fonte and Lucrezia Marinella. She clothed her text in the authority of the Commedia, through quotation and literary allusion, while manipulating that work to put her own case against women being placed in convents without religious vocations.
Rethinking Homophobia and Deviant Youth Masculinities: Constructing and Interrogating Progress Toward Equality
Authors: Levesque Amie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this article, I examine the discourse of progress toward equality for gender and sexually deviant youths to show that overemphasizing progress decenters the lived experiences of these young people. A survey of masculinity theories like hegemonic masculinity, inclusive masculinity, and fag discourse illuminates divergent ways of thinking about progress as it relates to youth masculinities and social inequality. While young people may have more opportunities to explore meanings of gender and sexuality in schools or in the media, current scholarly debates complicate the presumptions that marginalized youths have reached full equality within these institutions. Cases of bullying based on gender presentation or sexual orientation appear in daily news feeds, and this phenomenon is supported by empirical data. Harder to detect are the less visible, emergent homophobias and microaggressions which must be considered when theorizing about masculinities and progress toward equality.
The prosodic phrasing of parenthetical comment clauses in spontaneous spoken language: evidence from icelandic held ég
Authors: Dehé Nicole 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBased on the analysis of corpus data, this paper investigates the prosodic phrasing of the Icelandic parenthetical comment clause (CC) held ég (‘believe/think I’; I think, I believe) and relates the results to current prosodic theory. The main findings are as follows. (i) A variety of intonational phrasing patterns is possible with CCheld ég, allowing both for prosodic separation such that the CC is phrased in its own Intonational Phrase (IP), and prosodic integration, such that the CC is phrased in one IP with surrounding material. (ii) Prosodic integration is by far the more common pattern. (iii) The prosodic phrasing of CCs is related to their meaning via prominence. In particular, CCs which can be argued to have conventional implicatures (CI) semantics are prosodically prominent and phrased separately; CCs whose primary function is one of mitigation are unstressed and integrated. (iv) The observed intonational phrasing patterns can be accounted for in terms of the interaction of the syntax‐prosody interface constraint Match clause with prosodic markedness constraints.
Hepatitis E virus antibody prevalence, RNA frequency, and genotype among blood donors in Cambodia (Southeast Asia)
Authors: Nouhin Janin , Prak Sophearot , Madec Yoann , Barennes Hubert , Weissel Richard , Hok Kimcheng , Pavio Nicole , Rouet François 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDRecent studies conducted in developed countries described hepatitis E virus (HEV) as an emerging infectious threat to blood safety. However, data on HEV among blood donors from southeast Asia are lacking.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSBetween July and August 2014, we assessed the presence of HEV immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM in 301 Cambodian blood donors. All samples were further tested for the presence of HEV RNA using an in‐house reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. ORF2/ORF3 phylogenetic analysis was performed on positive HEV RNA specimens.RESULTSWe found HEV IgG in 28.2% of blood donors from Cambodia. Three blood donors tested positive for HEV IgM with three distinct patterns: IgM(+)/IgG(–)/RNA(–) (n = 1), IgM(+)/IgG(+)/RNA(–) (n = 1), and IgM(+)/IgG(+)/RNA(+) (n = 1). Thus, the prevalence rates of HEV IgM and HEV RNA were 1.0 and 0.3%. Interestingly, the viremic blood donor harbored a HEV strain that belonged to Genotype 3 (HEV‐3) and clustered with a Cambodian riverine HEV‐3 isolate.CONCLUSIONDue to the high frequency of Cambodian blood donors with positive HEV IgG, we conclude that HEV is endemic in this country. Large‐scale studies must be considered to determine whether Cambodian blood donation screening is warranted to enhance blood safety in regard to HEV. In addition, our findings suggest that river water may be a significant source of exposure to HEV‐3.
Role of Wax Ester Synthase/Acyl Coenzyme A:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase in Oleaginous Streptomyces sp. Strain G25
Authors: Röttig Annika , Strittmatter Carl Simon , Schauer Jennifer , Hiessl Sebastian , Poehlein Anja , Daniel Rolf , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Recently, we isolated a novel
Streptomyces
strain which can accumulate extraordinarily large amounts of triacylglycerol (TAG) and consists of 64% fatty acids (dry weight) when cultivated with glucose and 50% fatty acids (dry weight) when cultivated with cellobiose. To identify putative gene products responsible for lipid storage and cellobiose utilization, we analyzed its draft genome sequence. A single gene encoding a wax ester synthase/acyl coenzyme A (CoA):diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT) was identified and heterologously expressed in
Escherichia coli
. The purified enzyme Atf
G25
showed acyltransferase activity with C
12
- or C
16
-acyl-CoA, C
12
to C
18
alcohols, or dipalmitoyl glycerol. This acyltransferase exhibits 24% amino acid identity to the model enzyme AtfA from
Acinetobacter baylyi
but has high sequence similarities to WS/DGATs from other
Streptomyces
species. To investigate the impact of Atf
G25
on lipid accumulation, the respective gene,
atf
G25
, was inactivated in
Streptomyces
sp. strain G25. However, cells of the insertion mutant still exhibited DGAT activity and were able to store TAG, albeit in lower quantities and at lower rates than the wild-type strain. These findings clearly indicate that Atf
G25
has an important, but not exclusive, role in TAG biosynthesis in the novel
Streptomyces
isolate and suggest the presence of alternative metabolic pathways for lipid accumulation which are discussed in the present study.

IMPORTANCE
A novel
Streptomyces
strain was isolated from desert soil, which represents an extreme environment with high temperatures, frequent drought, and nutrient scarcity. We believe that these harsh conditions promoted the development of the capacity for this strain to accumulate extraordinarily large amounts of lipids. In this study, we present the analysis of its draft genome sequence with a special focus on enzymes potentially involved in its lipid storage. Furthermore, the activity and importance of the detected acyltransferase were studied. As discussed in this paper, and in contrast to many other bacteria, streptomycetes seem to possess a complex metabolic network to synthesize lipids, whereof crucial steps are still largely unknown. This paper therefore provides insights into a range of topics, including extremophile bacteria, the physiology of lipid accumulation, and the biotechnological production of bacterial lipids.
Two-Component Systems Involved in Susceptibility to Nisin A in Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Kawada-Matsuo Miki , Tatsuno Ichiro , Arii Kaoru , Zendo Takeshi , Oogai Yuichi , Noguchi Kazuyuki , Hasegawa Tadao , Sonomoto Kenji , Komatsuzawa Hitoshi 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Two-component systems (TCSs) are regulatory systems in bacteria that play important roles in sensing and adapting to the environment. In this study, we systematically evaluated the roles of TCSs in the susceptibility of the group A
Streptococcus
(GAS;
Streptococcus pyogenes
) SF370 strain to several types of lantibiotics. Using individual TCS deletion mutants, we found that the deletion of
srtRK
(spy_1081–spy_1082) in SF370 increased the susceptibility to nisin A, which is produced by
Lactococcus lactis
ATCC 11454, but susceptibility to other types of lantibiotics (nukacin ISK-1, produced by
Staphylococcus warneri
, and staphylococcin C55, produced by
Staphylococcus aureus
) was not altered in the TCS mutants tested. The expression of
srtFEG
(spy_1085 to spy_1087), which is located downstream of
srtRK
and is homologous to ABC transporters, was increased in response to nisin A. However,
srtEFG
expression was not induced by nisin A in the
srtRK
mutant. The inactivation of
srtFEG
increased the susceptibility to nisin A. These results suggest that SrtRK controls SrtFEG expression to alter the susceptibility to nisin A. Further experiments showed that SrtRK is required for coexistence with
L. lactis
ATCC 11454, which produces nisin A. Our results elucidate the important roles of
S. pyogenes
TCSs in the interactions between different bacterial species, including bacteriocin-producing bacteria.

IMPORTANCE
In this study, we focused on the association of TCSs with susceptibility to bacteriocins in
S. pyogenes
SF370, which has no ability to produce bacteriocins, and reported two major new findings. We demonstrated that the SrtRK TCS is related to susceptibility to nisin A by controlling the ABC transporter SrtFEG. We also showed that
S. pyogenes
SrtRK is important for survival when the bacteria are cocultured with nisin A-producing
Lactococcus lactis
. This report highlights the roles of TCSs in the colocalization of bacteriocin-producing bacteria and non-bacteriocin-producing bacteria. Our findings provide new insights into the function of TCSs in
S. pyogenes
.
Evaluation of a programme for ‘Rapid Assessment of Febrile Travelers’ (RAFT): a clinic-based quality improvement initiative
Authors: Jazuli Farah , Lynd Terence , Mah Jordan , Klowak Michael , Jechel Dale , Klowak Stefanie , Ovens Howard , Sabbah Sam , Boggild Andrea K 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundFever in the returned traveller is a potential medical emergency warranting prompt attention to exclude life-threatening illnesses. However, prolonged evaluation in the emergency department (ED) may not be required for all patients. As a quality improvement initiative, we implemented an algorithm for rapid assessment of febrile travelers (RAFT) in an ambulatory setting.MethodsCriteria for RAFT referral include: presentation to the ED, reported fever and travel to the tropics or subtropics within the past year. Exclusion criteria includePlasmodium falciparummalaria, and fulfilment of admission criteria such as unstable vital signs or significant laboratory derangements. We performed a time series analysis preimplementation and postimplementation, with primary outcome of wait time to tropical medicine consultation. Secondary outcomes included number of ED visits averted for repeat malaria testing, and algorithm adherence.ResultsFrom February 2014 to December 2015, 154 patients were seen in the RAFT clinic: 68 men and 86 women. Median age was 36 years (range 16–78 years). Mean time to RAFT clinic assessment was 1.2±0.07 days (range 0–4 days) postimplementation, compared to 5.4±1.8 days (range 0–26 days) prior to implementation (p<0.0001). The RAFT clinic averted 132 repeat malaria screens in the ED over the study period (average 6 per month). Common diagnoses were: traveller's diarrhoea (n=27, 17.5%), dengue (n=12, 8%), viral upper respiratory tract infection (n=11, 7%), chikungunya (n=10, 6.5%), laboratory-confirmed influenza (n=8, 5%) and lobar pneumonia (n=8, 5%).ConclusionsIn addition to provision of more timely care to ambulatory febrile returned travellers, we reduced ED bed-usage by providing an alternate setting for follow-up malaria screening, and treatment of infectious diseases manageable in an outpatient setting, but requiring specific therapy.
Pharmacological interventions to improve sleep in hospitalised adults: a systematic review
Authors: Kanji Salmaan , Mera Alexandru , Hutton Brian , Burry Lisa , Rosenberg Erin , MacDonald Erika , Luks Vanessa 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesPatients often suffer from disturbed sleep in hospital. Poor-quality sleep in hospitalised patients has been associated with significant morbidity and pharmacological sleep aids are often prescribed. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions used for sleep in hospitalised patients.Setting/participantsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane database and grey literature for prospective studies that evaluated sleep in hospitalised adults after a pharmacological intervention.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTwo reviewers assessed studies for inclusion and extracted data for efficacy outcomes, including sleep efficiency, sleep latency, sleep fragmentation and objectively measured sleep stage distribution. Risk of bias was assessed and meta-analyses were planned contingent upon homogeneity of the included studies.ResultsAfter screening 1920 citations, 15 studies involving 861 patients were included. Medications studied included benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepine sedatives, melatonin, propofol and dexmedetomidine. Five studies were deemed to be of high quality. Heterogeneity and variable outcome reporting precluded meta-analysis in most cases. No consistent trends with respect to sleep efficiency, quality or interruptions were observed identifying a drug or drug class as superior to another or no treatment. Benzodiazepines appeared to be better than no treatment with respect to sleep latency, but this was not consistently demonstrated across all studies. Sleep stage distribution shows that sleep in hospital is dominated by stages N1 and N2.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to suggest that pharmacotherapy improves the quality or quantity of sleep in hospitalised patients suffering from poor sleep. No drug class or specific drug was identified as superior even when compared to placebo or no treatment. Although 15 studies were included, the quality of evidence was limited by their quality and size. Larger, better-designed trials in hospitalised adults are needed.