bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the response of osteoblast‐like cells to the porous‐alumina‐assisted mixed‐oxide nano‐mound arrays
Authors: Fohlerova Zdenka , Mozalev Alexander 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNanostructuring of biomaterials is used to create an appropriate interfacial layer that promotes stable cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation on orthopedic and dental implants. Here, we synthesize self‐organized arrays of composite‐oxide nano‐mounds through anodizing Al/Ta bilayers sputtered on substrates to cover the “missing” smallest size range of 10–40 nm for structuring an advanced inorganic biomaterial—Al2O3‐doped Ta2O5 films. The osteoblast‐like cells appear to be able to recognize the finest differences in the film nano‐morphologies. In the absence of serum proteins, the adhesion and cell growth are substantially enhanced on the 20 and 40 nm nanoarrays while in complete medium the cells show better initial adhesion on the 10 nm nanoarrays. The proliferation assay reveals a significant rise in cell number on the 20 and 40 nm nanoarrays during the first 7 days. A remarkable increase in the alkaline phosphatase activity is noticed on the 40 nm nanoarray. Immunostaining of cells adhered to the nano‐mound surfaces shows that the cells are well spread over all the nanostructured films with organized actin fibers. The larger surface areas and improved focal contacts are again associated with the 20 and 40 nm nanoarrays. The findings help improve compatibility of living cells with the metal‐oxide nanostructured surfaces developed for tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1645–1654, 2018.
Deep neural network‐based computer‐assisted detection of cerebral aneurysms in MR angiography
Authors: Nakao Takahiro , Hanaoka Shouhei , Nomura Yukihiro , Sato Issei , Nemoto Mitsutaka , Miki Soichiro , Maeda Eriko , Yoshikawa Takeharu , Hayashi Naoto , Abe Osamu 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe usefulness of computer‐assisted detection (CAD) for detecting cerebral aneurysms has been reported; therefore, the improved performance of CAD will help to detect cerebral aneurysms.PurposeTo develop a CAD system for intracranial aneurysms on unenhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and a maximum intensity projection (MIP) algorithm, and to demonstrate the usefulness of the system by training and evaluating it using a large dataset.Study TypeRetrospective study.SubjectsThere were 450 cases with intracranial aneurysms. The diagnoses of brain aneurysms were made on the basis of MRA, which was performed as part of a brain screening program.Field Strength/SequenceNoncontrast‐enhanced 3D time‐of‐flight (TOF) MRA on 3T MR scanners.AssessmentIn our CAD, we used a CNN classifier that predicts whether each voxel is inside or outside aneurysms by inputting MIP images generated from a volume of interest (VOI) around the voxel. The CNN was trained in advance using manually inputted labels. We evaluated our method using 450 cases with intracranial aneurysms, 300 of which were used for training, 50 for parameter tuning, and 100 for the final evaluation.Statistical TestsFree‐response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) analysis.ResultsOur CAD system detected 94.2% (98/104) of aneurysms with 2.9 false positives per case (FPs/case). At a sensitivity of 70%, the number of FPs/case was 0.26.Data ConclusionWe showed that the combination of a CNN and an MIP algorithm is useful for the detection of intracranial aneurysms.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:948–953.
Chemical and spectroscopic investigations of K‐H3O‐Na jarosite solid solutions applicable for Mars explorations
Authors: Cao Fengke , Ling Zongcheng , Ni Yuheng 
Published: August 2017

Jarosite is the first definitely discovered ferric sulfate mineral on Mars, indicating a highly acidic environment in Martian history. K‐H3O and Na‐H3O jarosite solid solutions were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Phase identifications and chemical compositions were determined by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Raman spectra of those two series of jarosite solid solutions show systematic spectral changes with varying alkali content. When chemical ratios of K/(K + H3O), in K‐H3O jarosite solid solutions, increase from 0% to 88%, their Raman peaks exhibit systematic shifts: ν2(SO4)2− (from 424.7 to 434.3 cm−1), ν4(SO4)2‐ (from 619.6 to 623.8 cm−1), ν1(SO4)2‐ (from 1,011.8 to 1,006.1 cm−1) and, ν3(SO4)2− (from 1,165.4 to 1,152.9 cm−1). Near‐infrared and mid‐infrared spectra were also collected for the spectral library of Mars remote‐sensing studies. The detailed chemical and spectroscopic studies of K‐H3O‐Na jarosite solid solutions would contribute to their potential discoveries on Mars by future Mars missions (e.g., Mars 2020 and ExoMars). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alleviating Nitrogen Limitation in Mediterranean Maquis Vegetation Leads to Ecological Degradation
Authors: Dias Teresa , Crous Casparus J. , Liberati Dario , Munzi Silvana , Gouveia Catarina , Ulm Florian , Afonso Ana Catarina , Ochoa‐Hueso Raúl , Manrique Esteban , Sheppard Lucy , Martins‐Loução Maria Amélia , Bernardes da Silva Anabela , Cruz Cristina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSoils are being degraded at an alarming rate and thereby also crucial ecosystem goods and services. Nitrogen (N) enrichment is a major driver of this degradation. While the negative impacts of N enrichment on vegetation are well known globally, those on various ecological interactions, and on ecosystem functioning, remain largely unknown. Because Mediterranean ecosystems are N limited, they are good model systems for evaluating how N enrichment impacts not only vegetation but also ecological partnerships and ecosystem functioning. Using a 7‐year N‐manipulation (dose and form) field experiment running in a Mediterranean Basin maquis located in a region with naturally low ambient N deposition (<4 kg N ha−1 y−1), we assessed the impacts of the N additions on (i) the dominant plant species (photosynthetic N‐use efficiency); (ii) plant–soil ecological partnerships with ectomycorrhiza and N‐fixing bacteria; and (iii) ecosystem degradation (plant–soil cover, biological mineral weathering and soil N fixation). N additions significantly disrupted plant–soil cover, plant–soil biotic interactions, and ecosystem functioning compared with ambient N deposition conditions. However, the higher the ammonium dose (alone or with nitrate), the more drastic these disruptions were. We report a critical threshold at 20–40 kg ammonium ha−1 y−1 whereby severe ecosystem degradation can be expected. These observations are critical to help explain the mechanisms behind ecosystem degradation, to describe the collective loss of organisms and multifunction in the landscape, and to predict potential fragmentation of Mediterranean maquis under conditions of unrelieved N enrichment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidation‐Responsive Aliphatic Polycarbonates from N‐Substituted Eight‐Membered Cyclic Carbonate: Synthesis and Degradation Study
Authors: Qiu Fang‐Yi , Yu Li , Du Fu‐Sheng , Li Zi‐Chen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOxidation‐responsive aliphatic polycarbonates represent a promising branch of functional biodegradable polymers. This paper reports the synthesis and ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of an eight‐membered cyclic carbonate possessing phenylboronic pinacol ester (C3) and the H2O2‐triggered degradation of its polymer (PC3). C3 is prepared from the inexpensive and readily available diethanolamine with a moderate yield and undergoes the well‐controlled anionic ROP with a living character under catalysis of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene. It can also be copolymerized with l‐lactide, trimethylene carbonate, and 5‐ter‐butyloxycarbonylamino trimethylene carbonate, affording the copolymers with a varied distribution of the repeating units. To clearly demonstrate the oxidative degradation mechanism of PC3, this paper first investigates the H2O2‐induced decomposition of small‐molecule model compounds by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). It is found that the adduct products formed by the in‐situ‐generated secondary amines and p‐quinone methide (QM) are thermodynamically unstable and can decompose slowly back to QM and the amines. On this basis, this paper further studies the H2O2‐accelerated degradation of PC3 nanoparticles that are prepared by the o/w emulsion method. A sequential process of oxidation of the phenylboronic ester, 1,6‐elimination of the in‐situ‐generated phenol, releasing CO2 and intramolecular cyclization or isomerization is proposed as the degradation mechanism of PC3.
Hexagonal prism antenna for MIMO applications
Authors: Tang T. , Wang J. Y. , Deng B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) hexagonal prism omnidirectional radiation antenna is proposed, which consist of nine elements. The antenna elements are divided into two groups, one of which is placed in parallel on spaced three surfaces of the prism and the other is placed vertically on the other spaced three faces. Each parallel element consists of two coplanar microstrip patches which are nested in each other for miniaturization. Each vertically element consists of two improved dipoles. The working frequency bands of the proposed prismatic antenna are 3.45 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5.8 GHz, and 15.2 GHz.
Design of an UWB (2.1–38.6 GHz) circular microstrip antenna
Authors: Singh Ravindra Kumar , Pujara Dhaval 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this letter, we have presented design of a compact sized ultra‐wideband microstrip circular monopole antenna covering 2.1–38.6 GHz band (179% BW) for VSWR ≤ 2. The antenna is very compact with a size of 30 mm × 40 mm × 0.787 mm, designed on RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. The proposed antenna is simulated using the HFSS. The proto type antenna successfully fabricated and tested. The measured results were found closely matching with the simulated results. This antenna may be used for various applications in UWB communications systems like, WiMAX, Wi‐Fi, UMTS, Digital Multimedia Broadcasting, vehicular and other radars, through‐wall imaging systems, medical, electronic warfare sensors, and future wireless services.
A dual‐band dual‐pattern frequency‐reconfigurable antenna
Authors: Nguyen‐Trong Nghia , Hall Leonard , Fumeaux Christophe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe functionality of a dual‐band frequency‐reconfigurable antenna based on a microstrip patch is extended toward independent tuning of its two operational bands. The antenna has distinct monopolar and broadside radiation patterns at its lower and upper bands, respectively, and a previous realization only allowed simultaneous tuning of the two bands. In this paper, a more sophisticated bias scheme with two DC bias voltages and four varactors is introduced to extend the principle toward independent control of the resonance frequencies of the two bands. An antenna prototype has been designed, fabricated, and validated with experiments. The results demonstrate that the antenna achieves independent relative tuning ranges of about 11% at both frequency bands.
Hybrid termination metamaterial CRLH resonant antennas: Analysis and design
Authors: Abdalla Mahmoud A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper discusses the properties of hybrid terminated metamaterial CRLH resonant antennas. The antenna proves that the hybrid termination can increase the electrical length of based antennas and hence it can increase the number of possible frequency bands at compact size. This is emphasized through developing a dual band hybrid termination CRLH cell antenna resonating at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz. The antenna design and performance is compared to open/short circuit termination CRLH resonant antennas. All the discussed antennas in this paper have same compact size (21 × 31 mm2). An experimental measurements are carried out for the hybrid terminated CRLH resonant antenna as further validation. The proposed antenna can find possible applications in WiFi/WiMAX services.
Magnetic resonant–wireless power transfer for transparent laptop applications using μ‐metal mesh film
Authors: Lee Hoon Hee , Jung Chang Won 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this study, we designed transparent resonators using a μ‐metal mesh film (μ‐MMF) for magnetic resonant–wireless power transfer (MR‐WPT) for transparent laptop applications. The μ‐MMF transparent electrode has optical transmittance of 65% and sheet resistance of 0.18 Ω/□. For realizing a transparent laptop, transparent acrylic (ɛr = 2.6, tan δ = 0.009) was used as a laptop case, and the μ‐MMF was used as both the transparent ground and receiver (Rx) resonators in the display and body parts of the laptop. The transparent Rx resonators were configured in three combinations (loop resonator [LR], loop resonator with a ground [LRG], and slit ground resonator [SGR]) for the performance comparison, and the operation frequency of the transparent Rx resonators was optimized to 6.78 MHz using capacitors. We measured the transfer efficiency (TE) according to the transfer distance between the Tx and Rx parts, from 5 to 70 cm. The maximum TE of the MR‐WPT with the transparent LR was 41%. For practical applications including ground in the laptop, the TE of the MR‐WPT with the transparent LRG is also measured, and it is nearly zero. Therefore, we designed a transparent SGR that operates as both a resonator and a ground simultaneously; the TE of the MR‐WPT with transparent SGR is improved by 27% compared with the LRG in practical applications including ground planes.
Real‐time brain stroke detection through a learning‐by‐examples technique—An experimental assessment
Authors: Salucci Marco , Vrba Jan , Merunka Ilja , Massa Andrea 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe real‐time detection of brain strokes is addressed within the Learning‐by‐Examples (LBE) framework. Starting from scattering measurements at microwave regime, a support vector machine (SVM) is exploited to build a robust decision function able to infer in real‐time whether a stroke is present or not in the patient head. The proposed approach is validated in a laboratory‐controlled environment by considering experimental measurements for both training and testing SVM phases. The obtained results prove that a very high detection accuracy can be yielded even though using a limited amount of training data.
Dual frequency selective surface high gain antenna with deep resonant cavity and E‐field reflectors
Authors: Rabbani M. S. , Ghafouri‐Shiraz H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTwo frequency selective surfaces (FSSs), each with 12 patch elements; have been exploited to enhance the gain of an extended size microstrip patch antenna up to 18.5 dBi at X‐band (8‐12 GHz) frequencies. The antenna gain is further improved to 19.2 dBi just by adding two reflectors across E‐field radiation. The concept of gain enhancement is first examined mathematically and them it is analysed with numerical method based on CST microwave studio simulations. Both of the proposed high gain antennas have been fabricated and tested at around 10 GHz frequencies. The measured and simulation results showed a good agreement.
A dual band patch antenna designed with size improvement method for 60 GHz‐band duplexer applications
Authors: Rabbani M. S. , Ghafouri‐Shiraz H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA single patch dual band microstrip antenna has been presented for 60 GHz band (57.24–65.88 GHz) duplexer applications. The patch antenna is designed based on the size improvement method for cost‐effective fabrication with printed circuit board etching process. The antenna is operated on two higher order orthogonal transverse modes to resonate and radiate at 59 GHz and 63.5 GHz frequencies. The simulations and measured return loss (S11/S22) and far‐field radiation patterns results showed good agreement.
Switchable multiband slot antenna for 2.4, 3.5, and 5.2 GHz applications
Authors: Mansoul Ali 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this letter, a compact reconfigurable multiband antenna is presented. The antenna can operate in seven different modes categorized into three types, single band, dual band and triple band. The antenna is optimized to work in any band that encompasses the three standards that are, WiFi (2.4 GHz), WiMax (3.5 GHz), and WLAN (5.2 GHz). The locations of the slots as well as the size of the antenna have been optimized in order to reduce as much as possible the total area of the final prototype. For the reconfiguration four switches are integrated on the three slots to switch from one mode of operation to another. As the first validation approach, the two states “on/off” of the switch are modeled by the presence/absence of a perfect conductor (PEC). The results of measurements and simulations are presented and compared and a good agreement is established. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for multiservice and cognitive radio applications.
Preparation and characterization of PHB/PBAT–based biodegradable antibacterial hydrophobic nanofibrous membranes
Authors: Lin Xinghuan , Fan Xiaoyan , Li Rong , Li Zhiguang , Ren Tian , Ren Xuehong , Huang Tung‐Shi 
Published: August 2017

In this study, polyhydroxybutyrate/poly(butyleneadipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PHB/PBAT) nanofibrous membranes were produced by electrospinning the blends of biodegradable PHB and PBAT. The antibacterial hydrophobic nanofiber membranes were obtained by grafting 1‐allylhydantoin and perfluorooctyl acrylate onto the PHB/PBAT membranes. The prepared nanofibrous membranes were chlorinated with chlorine bleach and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and thermogravimetric analysis. The chlorinated nanofibrous membranes exhibited efficient antimicrobial activity againstEscherichia coliO157:H7 (ATCC 43895) andStaphylococcus aureus(ATCC 6538) with 6.08 and 5.78 log reduction, respectively. The contact angle of this antibacterial membrane was 123.1° ± 1.9°. The treated membranes showed good stability and durability towards UV‐A light exposure and storage. Therefore, our designed antibacterial hydrophobic nanofibrous membranes may have great potential for use in food packaging.
Improvements to the APBS biomolecular solvation software suite
Authors: Jurrus Elizabeth , Engel Dave , Star Keith , Monson Kyle , Brandi Juan , Felberg Lisa E. , Brookes David H. , Wilson Leighton , Chen Jiahui , Liles Karina , Chun Minju , Li Peter , Gohara David W. , Dolinsky Todd , Konecny Robert , Koes David R. , Nielsen Jens Erik , Head‐Gordon Teresa , Geng Weihua , Krasny Robert , Wei Guo‐Wei , Holst Michael J. , McCammon J. Andrew , Baker Nathan A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Adaptive Poisson–Boltzmann Solver (APBS) software was developed to solve the equations of continuum electrostatics for large biomolecular assemblages that have provided impact in the study of a broad range of chemical, biological, and biomedical applications. APBS addresses the three key technology challenges for understanding solvation and electrostatics in biomedical applications: accurate and efficient models for biomolecular solvation and electrostatics, robust and scalable software for applying those theories to biomolecular systems, and mechanisms for sharing and analyzing biomolecular electrostatics data in the scientific community. To address new research applications and advancing computational capabilities, we have continually updated APBS and its suite of accompanying software since its release in 2001. In this article, we discuss the models and capabilities that have recently been implemented within the APBS software package including a Poisson–Boltzmann analytical and a semi‐analytical solver, an optimized boundary element solver, a geometry‐based geometric flow solvation model, a graph theory‐based algorithm for determining pKa values, and an improved web‐based visualization tool for viewing electrostatics.
A model‐based framework for automatic generation of a pattern language verifier
Authors: Rouhi Alireza , Zamani Bahman 
Published: August 2017

SummaryDesign patterns solve recurring design problems. One of the best practices, to solve a whole problem in a specific context, is to apply patterns in the form of a collection of related patterns, ie, a pattern language (PL). However, with the rapid growth of the number of patterns and their interrelationships in PLs and because manual verification of the applied PLs is a tedious and error‐prone task, when designing in PL‐based fashion, there is a need for tool support to verify the applied PLs. In our previous work, aimed at automating the development process of PL verification tools, a PL formalism was presented. This paper, based on the presented formalism, describes a framework called Pattern Language Verifier Generator (PLVGen) that automatically generates a pattern language verifier (PLV) for any given PL assuming its constituent patterns are represented in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Using a modelware approach, two metamodels named pattern language specification language (PLSL) and pattern specification language (PSL) are developed to model the given PL and its patterns, respectively. By getting the models of a PL and its patterns, PLVGen automatically generates an epsilon validation language (EVL) module representing the expected PLV. By launching PLV, the applied PL on a UML model will be verified. To evaluate the applicability of PLVGen in practice, we automatically generated three PLVs. The statistics regarding the generated PLVs, as case studies, illustrate the scalability of PLVGen. Compared with similar tools, the generated PLVs are more portable, transparent, and free of ambiguities.
Measurement of mechanical loads in large wind turbines: Problems on calibration of strain gage bridges and analysis of uncertainty
Authors: Bezziccheri M. , Castellini P. , Evangelisti P. , Santolini C. , Paone N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe paper discusses the complexity of calibration of strain gage full bridges applied to measure mechanical loads in large wind turbines, when direct application of calibration loads is not feasible. In particular, at first, it presents a generalized static‐dynamic mechanical model which allows to calibrate the strain gage full bridges using its own unbalanced masses to generate known reference inputs. Then, the paper discusses the uncertainty associated to such a calibration, according to the ISO/IEC Guide 98‐3:2008 “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement”. The uncertainty of the reference input and the following calibration is discussed, which is often larger than the target set by the standard IEC‐61400‐13 used for wind turbine type certification. The paper comments on the attainable range of calibration which is rather limited with respect to expected load range in operation. Even if calibration should take place in isothermal effects, this is not always the case in real world practice. Therefore, the thermal effects on strain gage bridges are also discussed, putting into evidence its influence on calibration uncertainty both for full bridges in T configuration and in parallel configuration.