bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-dependencies among Asian bond markets
Authors: Subramaniam Sowmya , Prasanna Krishna P. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to investigate the global and regional influences on the domestic term structure of nine Asian economies.

Design/methodology/approach
The dynamic Nelson Siegel model was used to extract the latent factors of a country’s yield curve movements in a state-space framework using the Kalman filter. The global and regional factors of the yield curve were extracted using the dynamic factor model. Further, the Bayesian inference of Gibbs sampling approach was used to identify the influence of global and regional factors on the domestic yield curve.

Findings
The results suggest that financial integration does not reduce the control of monetary authorities on the front end of the yield curve, and long-term interest rate is the potential transmission channel through which the contagion of the financial crisis spreads.

Practical implications
The results of this study would help the monetary authorities to understand the efficacy of the monetary policy transmission mechanism. It also offers the global investors diversification opportunities for investing in the Asian bond markets.

Originality/value
It is one of the earliest attempts to capture the global and regional yield curve movements and their impact on the emerging Asian economies yield curve. It contributes to literature by identifying the linkages in the long-term factor that is the potential channel through which crisis spreads.
Ontogenetic changes in the phenotypic integration and modularity of leaf functional traits
Authors: Damián Xóchitl , Fornoni Juan , Domínguez César A. , Boege Karina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChanges in resource availability, functional demands, hormonal regulation and developmental constraints can promote differences in the expression of leaf traits during plant development and foster changes in the targets of natural selection. As a consequence, the pattern and magnitude of covariation among traits, and therefore their phenotypic integration and modularity are equally expected to change throughout ontogeny. However, these changes have not been described yet.We measured leaf economic, defensive and morphological traits in plants ofTurnera velutinaand estimated the magnitude and pattern of foliar integration and modularity for juvenile and reproductive individuals. In addition, we assessed the relationship between plant biomass and foliar integration within and among ontogenetic stages.Both the pattern and magnitude of foliar integration changed across plant ontogeny. Foliar integration was lower in juvenile than in reproductive plants, and the pattern of phenotypic integration and modularity was different between ontogenetic stages, whereas leaves from juvenile plants showed two functional modules related to plant defence and leaf economy, traits from reproductive plants had greater interconnectivity and hence lower modularity.The relationship between plant biomass and foliar integration was negative within each ontogenetic stage but positive between ontogenetic stages, suggesting that processes intrinsic to plant development influenced the magnitude of foliar integration to a greater extent than plant size.Our findings indicate that plants can change the patterns of covariation among leaf traits during their development. However, a lower foliar integration in juvenile plants could allow for greater lability to explore a multi‐trait phenotypic space, canalisation of leaf attributes along ontogeny should promote greater phenotypic integration, constraining the number of multi‐trait combinations that plants can express. Hence, we suggest that ontogenetic changes in foliar integration allow plants to deal with changing selective dynamics and physiological priorities along their development.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Variation of stomatal traits from cold temperate to tropical forests and association with water use efficiency
Authors: Liu Congcong , He Nianpeng , Zhang Jiahui , Li Ying , Wang Qiufeng , Sack Lawren , Yu Guirui 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Stomata control carbon and water vapour exchange between leaves and the atmosphere, thus it can influence water use efficiency (WUE) and reflect plant adaptation to climate. However, the spatial patterns of leaf stomatal traits and relationships between stomatal trait and WUE across natural communities remain unclear.

We measured stomatal density, stomatal size and stomatal area fraction for 737 plant species from nine forests ranging from tropical to cold temperate forests.

Stomatal density, stomatal size and stomatal area fraction were all log‐normally distributed, and different across species, plant functional groups (trees, shrubs, and herbs), and communities. At the regional scale, variation in stomatal traits was primarily related to species, followed by climate and soil types.

The community‐weighted mean of stomatal size increased linearly with latitude, whereas those of stomatal density and stomatal area fraction showed humpbacked relationship. The community‐weighted mean of stomatal area fraction was correlated with climatic aridity, consistent with the adaptation strategies of plant species to achieve high maximum rates of gas exchange in arid regions when water is available. Further, community‐weighted mean of stomatal area fraction was positively correlated with WUE in natural forest communities, indicating that plants have lower stomatal conductance in order to adapt greater aridity conditions.

These findings highlight the strong associations of stomatal traits with plant functional group and climate at a regional scale, representing the adaptation strategies of stomatal traits across natural forest communities to climate.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Surgical robots for radical cystectomies in a medium‐volume hospital
Authors: Chan Eddie Shu‐Yin , Ng Chi‐Fai , Yee Chi‐Hang , Chiu Peter Ka‐Fung , Wong Hon‐Ming , Tam Mandy , Teoh Jeremy Yuen‐Chun , Hou See‐Ming 
Published: August 2017

AimThe use of surgical robots for radical cystectomies is increasing. In the present study, we evaluated the surgical outcomes after the transition from open radical cystectomy (ORC) to robot‐assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) in a medium‐volume hospital.Patients and MethodsThe present study was a retrospective review of radical cystectomies undertake at a university hospital. Ninety radical cystectomies were identified between 2006 and 2014, and divided into three cohorts of 30 cases. The surgical approach changed gradually from ORC to RARC. Patients’ demographic data, length of hospital stay and surgical outcomes were reviewed and compared across the three periods.ResultsIn cohorts 1, 2 and 3, radical cystectomies were robot assisted in 13.3, 33.3 and 83.3 per cent of cases, respectively. The overall length of stay (LOS) was similar in all cohorts. The median LOS after cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion reduced significantly from 19 to 12 days (P < 0.0005). The rate of positive surgical margins was 20, 3.3 and 3.3 per cent in cohorts 1, 2 and 3, respectively, which was statistically significant (P = 0.046). There was no difference in the rate of severe complications (Clavien grades 3–5) at 30 and 90 days.ConclusionRARC can be safely applied in medium‐volume hospitals. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the advantages of RARC over ORC and laparoscopic approaches.
Performance of non‐conventional yeasts in co‐culture with brewers’ yeast for steering ethanol and aroma production
Authors: van Rijswijck Irma M. H. , Wolkers – Rooijackers Judith C. M. , Abee Tjakko , Smid Eddy J. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIncreasing interest in new beer types has stimulated the search for approaches to extend the metabolic variation of brewers’ yeast. Therefore, we tested two approaches using non‐conventional yeast to create a beer with lower ethanol content and a complex aroma bouquet. First, the mono‐culture performance was monitored of 49 wild yeast isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (16 strains), Cyberlindnera fabianii (9 strains) and Pichia kudriavzevii (24 strains). Interestingly, both C. fabianii and P. kudriavzevii isolates produced relatively more esters compared with S. cerevisiae isolates, despite their limited fermentation capacity. Next, one representative strain of each species (Sc131, Cf65 and Pk129) was applied as co‐culture with brewers’ yeast (ratio 1:1). Co‐cultures with Cf65 and Pk129 resulted in a beer with lower alcohol content (3.5, 3.8 compared with 4.2% v/v) and relatively more esters. At higher inoculum ratios of Cf65 over brewers’ yeast, growth inhibition of brewers’ yeast was observed, most likely caused by competition for oxygen between brewers’ yeast and Cf65 resulting in a reduced level of ethanol and altered aroma profiles. With this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of using non‐conventional yeast species in co‐cultivation with traditional brewers’ yeast to tailor aroma profiles as well as the final ethanol content of beer.
Patient and System Factors Related to Missed Opportunities for Screening in an Electronic Medical Record–driven, Opt‐out HIV Screening Program in the Emergency Department
Authors: Lin Janet , Baghikar Sara , Mauntel‐Medici Cammeo , Heinert Sara , Patel Daven 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveEmergency departments (EDs) have implemented HIV screening using a variety of strategies. This study investigates how specific patient and health system factors in the ED impact who is and is not screened in a combined targeted and nontargeted, electronic medical record (EMR)‐driven, opt‐out, HIV screening program.MethodsThis was a retrospective, cross‐sectional study of ED visits where patients were determined eligible for HIV screening by an EMR algorithm between November 18, 2014, and July 15, 2015. The HIV screening workflow included three sequential events, all of which were required to get screened for HIV at the ED visit. The events were having a blood draw, being informed of the HIV screening policy by an ED nurse at the point of blood draw, and the patient consenting to the HIV test. Each event represented a dichotomous outcome and its association with six patient factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, preferred language, and Emergency Severity Index [ESI]) and two health system factors (ED crowding and program phase) was investigated using multivariable modeling.ResultsA total of 15,918 ED visits were analyzed. Blood was drawn in 8,388 of 15,918 visits (53%). Of 8,388 visits where blood was drawn, there were 5,947 (71%) visits where ED nurses documented informing patients of the HIV screening policy. Of those visits, patient consent to the HIV test was documented at 3,815 (64%) visits. Patients between 13 and 19 years of age were significantly less likely to have blood drawn, to be informed of the screening policy, and to consent to the HIV test compared to other age groups. Both ED crowding and a patient's ESI were associated with decreased odds of having a blood draw and being informed of HIV screening by an ED nurse, but showed no association with patients consenting to the HIV test.ConclusionMany patients, particularly adolescents and young adults, are missed in ED HIV screening programs that require blood draw and depend on providers to obtain consent for testing. To ensure that these patients are reached, future ED screening programs should strive to develop innovative workflows that allow for blood draws for HIV screening only and streamline the processes of obtaining informed consent and ordering tests for all eligible patients.
Pediatric Emergency Department Utilization and Reliance by Insurance Coverage in the United States
Authors: Schlichting Lauren E. , Rogers Michelle L. , Gjelsvik Annie , Linakis James G. , Vivier Patrick M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesFor many children, the emergency department (ED) serves as the main destination for health care, whether it be for emergent or nonurgent reasons. Through examination of repeat utilization and ED reliance (EDR), in addition to overall ED utilization, we can identify subpopulations dependent on the ED as their primary source of health care.MethodsNationally representative data from the 2010 to 2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were used to examine the annual ED utilization of children age 0 to 17 years by insurance coverage. Overall utilization, repeat utilization (two or more ED visits), and EDR (percentage of all health care visits that occur in the ED) were examined using multivariate models, accounting for weighting and the complex survey design. High EDR was defined as having > 33% of outpatient visits in a year being ED visits.ResultsA total of 47,926 children were included in the study. Approximately 12% of children visited an ED within a 1‐year period. A greater number of children with public insurance (15.2%) visited an ED at least once, compared to privately insured (10.1%) and uninsured (6.4%) children. Controlling for covariates, children with public insurance were more likely to visit the ED (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.40–1.73) than children with private insurance, whereas uninsured children were less likely (aOR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.51–0.81). Children age 3 and under were significantly more likely to visit the ED than children age 15 to 17, whereas female children and Hispanic and non‐Hispanic other race children were significantly less likely to visit the ED than male children and non‐Hispanic white children. Among children with ED visits, 21% had two or more visits to the ED in a 1‐year period. Children with public insurance were more likely to have two or more visits to the ED (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.19–1.98) than children with private insurance whereas there was no significant difference in repeat ED utilization for uninsured children. Publicly insured (aOR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.47–1.97) and uninsured children (aOR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.49–2.42) were more likely to be reliant on the ED than children with private insurance.ConclusionsHealth insurance coverage was associated with overall ED utilization, repeat ED utilization, and EDR. Demographic characteristics, including sex, age, income, and race/ethnicity were important predictors of ED utilization and reliance.
Staff perceptions of challenging parent–staff interactions and beneficial strategies in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Friedman Joshua , Friedman Susan Hatters , Collin Marc , Martin Richard J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo characterise neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) staff perceptions regarding factors which may lead to more challenging staff–parent interactions, and beneficial strategies for working with families with whom such interactions occur.MethodsA survey of 168 physician and nursing staff at two NICUs in American teaching hospitals inquired about their perceptions of challenging parent–staff interactions and situations in which such interactions were likely to occur.ResultsFrom a medical perspective, staff perceptions of challenging interactions were noted when infants had recent decompensation, high medical complexity, malformations or long duration of stay in the NICU. From a psychological/social perspective, a high likelihood of challenging interactions was noted with parents who were suspicious, interfere with equipment, or parents who hover in the NICU, express paranoid or delusional thoughts, repeat questions, perceive the staff as inaccessible, are managing addictions, or who require child protective services involvement. Frequent family meetings, grieving opportunities, education of parents, social work referrals, clearly defined rules, partnering in daily care and support groups were perceived as the most beneficial strategies for improving difficult interactions.ConclusionThis study delineates what staff perceive as challenging interactions and provides support for an educational and interventional role that incorporates mental health professionals.
DNA methylation profiles between airway epithelium and proxy tissues in children
Authors: Brugha Rossa , Lowe Robert , Henderson A. John , Holloway John W. , Rakyan Vardhman , Wozniak Eva , Mahmud Nadiya , Seymour Kay , Grigg Jonathan , Shaheen Seif O. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimEpidemiological studies of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation in airway disease have largely been conducted using blood or buccal samples. However, given tissue specificity of DNA methylation, these surrogate tissues may not allow reliable inferences about methylation in the lung. We sought to compare the pattern of DNA methylation in blood, buccal and nasal epithelial cells to that in airway epithelial cells from children.MethodsSamples of blood, and buccal, nasal and airway epithelium were obtained from six children undergoing elective anaesthesia for adenotonsillectomy. DNA methylation was assessed at 450 000 5′‐C—phosphate—G‐3′ (CpG) sites using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array.ResultsEighteen samples from all sites were suitable for analysis. Hierarchical clustering demonstrated that the methylation profile in nasal epithelium was most representative of that in airway epithelium; the profile in buccal cells was moderately similar and that in blood was least similar.ConclusionDNA methylation in blood poorly reflects methylation in airway epithelium. Future epidemiological studies of DNA methylation and airway diseases should consider measurement of methylation either in buccal cells or, preferably, in nasal epithelial cells.
The underlying structure of visuospatial working memory in children with mathematical learning disability
Authors: Mammarella Irene C. , Caviola Sara , Giofrè David , Szűcs Dénes 
Published: August 2017

This study examined visual, spatial‐sequential, and spatial‐simultaneous working memory (WM) performance in children with mathematical learning disability (MLD) and low mathematics achievement (LMA) compared with typically developing (TD) children. Groups were matched on reading decoding performance and verbal intelligence. Besides statistical significance testing, we used bootstrap confidence interval estimation and computed effect sizes. Children were individually tested with six computerized tasks, two for each visuospatial WM subcomponent. We found that both MLD and LMA children had low visuospatial WM function in both spatial‐simultaneous and spatial‐sequential WM tasks. The WM deficit was most expressed in MLD children and less in LMA children. This suggests that WM scores are distributed along a continuum with TD children achieving top scores and MLD children achieving low scores. The theoretical and practical significance of findings is discussed.
Statement of Contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Working memory plays an important role in mathematical achievement.

Children with mathematical learning disability (MLD) usually have low working memory resources.

Conflicting results have been reported concerning the role of VSWM in individuals with MLD.

What the present study adds?

Children with different degree of impairment in math achievement and typically developing children were tested.

Visual, spatial‐sequential, and spatial‐simultaneous working memory tasks were examined.

Only spatial‐sequential and spatial‐simultaneous working memory tasks discriminated the two impairments groups.
COGNITIVE ABILITIES, ANALYTIC COGNITIVE STYLE AND OVERCONFIDENCE: A COMMENTARY ON DUTTLE (2016)
Authors: Białek Michał , Domurat Artur 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIn his recent paper, Duttle (2016) showed that individuals with higher cognitive abilities show less overconfidence. In these findings, cognitive abilities were equated with an analytic cognitive style (as measured by a cognitive reflection test, or CRT), although recent works in the field of cognitive psychology suggest separating these two constructs. In particular, it is argued that the analytic cognitive style, but not cognitive abilities, decreases susceptibility to cognitive biases. Analyses of data from Duttle's study support this assertion. Implications for cognitive psychology and behavioural economics are discussed.
Potential savings in the diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Scholte M. , Hentschel M.A. , Kunst H.P. , Steens S.C.A. , Rovers M.M. , Grutters J.P.C. 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to screen patients at risk for vestibular schwannoma (VS). These MRIs are costly and have an extremely low yield; only 3% of patients in the screening population has an actual VS. It might be worthwhile to develop a test to predict VS and refer only a subset of all patients for MRI.ObjectiveTo examine the potential savings of such a hypothetical diagnostic test before MRI.DesignWe built a decision analytical model of the diagnostic strategy of VS. Input was derived from literature and key opinion leaders. The current strategy was compared to hypothetical new strategies, assigning MRI to the following: (i) all patients with pathology, (ii) all patients with important pathology and (iii) only patients with VS. This resulted in potential cost savings for each strategy. We conducted a budget impact analysis to predict nationwide savings for the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK), and a probabilistic sensitivity analysis to address uncertainty.ResultsMean savings ranged from €256 (95%CI €250 ‐ €262) or approximately US$284 (95%CI US$277 ‐ US$291) per patient for strategy 1 to €293 (95%CI €290 ‐ €296) or approximately US$325 (95%CI US$322 ‐ US$328) per patient for strategy 3. Future diagnostic strategies can cost up to these amounts per patient and still be cost saving. Annually, for the Netherlands, €2.8 to €3.2 million could be saved and €10.8 to €12.3 million for the UK.ConclusionsThe model shows that substantial savings could be generated if it is possible to further optimise the diagnosis of VS.
Recovery‐related indicators of motor network plasticity according to impairment severity after stroke
Authors: Lee J. , Park E. , Lee A. , Chang W. H. , Kim D.‐S. , Kim Y.‐H. 
Published: August 2017

Background and purposeBrain connectivity analysis has been widely used to investigate brain plasticity and recovery‐related indicators of patients with stroke. However, results remain controversial because of interindividual variability of initial impairment and subsequent recovery of function. In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in network plasticity and motor recovery‐related indicators according to initial severity.MethodsWe divided participants (16 males and 14 females, aged 54.2 ± 12.0 years) into groups of different severity by Fugl‐Mayer Assessment score, i.e. moderate (50–84), severe (20–49) and extremely severe (<20) impairment groups. Longitudinal resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired at 2 weeks and 3 months after onset. The differences in network plasticity and recovery‐related indicators between groups were investigated using network distance and graph measurements.ResultsAs the level of impairment increased, the network balance was more disrupted. Network balance, interhemispheric connectivity and network efficiency were recovered at 3 months only in the moderate impairment group. However, this was not the case in the extremely severe impairment group. A single connection strength between the ipsilesional primary motor cortex and ventral premotor cortex was implicated in the recovery of motor function for the extremely severe impairment group. The connections of the ipsilesional primary motor cortex–ventral premotor cortex were positively associated with motor recovery as the patients were more severely impaired.ConclusionsDifferences in plasticity and recovery‐related indicators of motor networks were noted according to impairment severity. Our results may suggest meaningful implications for recovery prediction and treatment strategies in future stroke research.