bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of body mass index on the outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Abramowitz Yigal , Chakravarty Tarun , Jilaihawi Hasan , Cox Justin , Sharma Rahul P. , Mangat Geeteshwar , Nakamura Mamoo , Cheng Wen , Makkar Raj R. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the influence of body mass index (BMI) on short‐ and midterm outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).BackgroundAlthough obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, numerous studies reported a beneficial effect of obesity on survival in patients with cardiovascular disease and in patients after cardiac interventions. Moreover, all previous reports examining the relation between BMI and outcomes following TAVI have underscored the “obesity paradox” in these patients.MethodsDuring a 3 year period, 805 patients with severe aortic stenosis that underwent TAVI at our institute were evaluated. Based on baseline BMI, patients were classified as normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), or obese (≥30 kg/m2). TAVI endpoints, device success, and adverse events were considered according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)−2 definitions.ResultsObese patients were significantly younger, had higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and chronic lung disease, and had lower prevalence of frailty. Device success was similar between the 3 groups. All‐cause mortality up to 30 days was 2.9% (10/340) vs 4.5% (12/268) vs 0.5% (1/186) in patients with normal weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively (p = 0.048). In a multivariable model, overweight and obese patients had similar overall mortality compared to patients with normal weight.ConclusionsWe found no evidence for the existence of an obesity paradox following TAVI. Correction for possible confounders such as frailty in the present cohort may explain the discrepancy between the current report and the previous reports that suggested a protective effect for increased BMI following TAVI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of coronary artery calcification in percutaneous coronary intervention with paclitaxel‐eluting stents: Two‐year clinical outcomes of paclitaxel‐eluting stents in patients from the ARRIVE program
Authors: Lee Michael S. , Yang Tae , Lasala John , Cox David 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary artery calcification (CAC).BackgroundSmaller studies have reported worse clinical outcomes in patients with CAC who undergo PCI. The impact of CAC in the drug‐eluting stent era is unclear.MethodsData from 7,492 patients treated by PCI with ≥1 TAXUS Express stent in the ARRIVE registry with no inclusion/exclusion criteria were stratified by the severity of CAC, as determined by the operator. Endpoints were independently adjudicated. All major adverse cardiac events were assessed at 2 years.ResultsModerate/severe CAC was present in 19.6%. The nil/mild CAC group had higher rate of current smokers. The moderate/severe CAC group was older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, kidney disease, prior coronary artery bypass grafting, congestive heart failure, and left main disease. After adjustment for imbalanced baseline variables, patients with moderate/severe CAC had higher 2 year rates of major adverse cardiac events (18.3% vs 13.5%, p = 0.01) and death (10.3% vs 5.6%, p = 0.02).ConclusionsModerate/severe CAC was associated with increased clinical events in patients who underwent PCI with TAXUS stents. This may be explained in part due to differences important baseline characteristics including more patients with more comorbidities and more complex lesions. After adjustment for imbalanced baseline variables, the moderate/severe CAC group had a higher risk of major adverse cardiac events and death. Improvements in treatment strategies are needed for this high‐risk group of patients who undergo PCI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring Scaling Relations for Chemisorption Energies on Transition‐Metal‐Exchanged Zeolites ZSM‐22 and ZSM‐5
Authors: Siahrostami Samira , Falsig Hanne , Beato Pablo , Moses Poul Georg , Nørskov Jens K. , Studt Felix 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCopper exchange on all the different T sites of ZSM‐22 and ZSM‐5 is considered and the chemisorption energies of dioxygen, OH, and O species are studied. We show that for different T sites the adsorption energies vary significantly. The oxygen adsorption energy on copper‐exchanged zeolites is quite similar to those of the most selective catalysts for oxidation reactions, that is, Ag and Au surfaces. The chemisorption energies of oxygen, carbon‐, and nitrogen‐containing species on different transition metals exchanged in ZSM‐22 are also investigated. The study covers three different oxidation states, that is, 1+, 2+, and 3+ for the transition‐metal exchanges. Scaling relations are presented for the corresponding species. Chemisorption of O scales with chemisorption of OH for all three considered exchanges, whereas there are essentially rough correlations for NH2 and N as well as CH3 and C.
Unveiling the Oxidation Processes of Pt3Ni(1 1 1) by Real‐Time Surface Core‐Level Spectroscopy
Authors: Politano Antonio , Chiarello Gennaro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPt3Ni(1 1 1) is the most efficient catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction. Herein, we investigated the oxidation process of Pt3Ni(1 1 1) by time‐resolved X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy experiments with synchrotron radiation. For O2 exposure at room temperature, two well‐distinct O species are present with a sticking coefficient of 0.23–0.24 in the temperature range of interest for fuel‐cell technology. We show that the Pt skin of Pt3Ni(1 1 1) is selectively replaced by Ni2O3 and NiO surface‐skin layers upon heating in an O2 environment at 700 and 900 K, respectively. By dosing with O atoms, the formation of PtO is possible at 293 K, whereas Ni2O3 is formed at 353 K.
Insights into the Major Reaction Pathways of Vapor‐Phase Hydrodeoxygenation of m‐Cresol on a Pt/HBeta Catalyst
Authors: Sun Qianqian , Chen Guanyi , Wang Hua , Liu Xiao , Han Jinyu , Ge Qingfeng , Zhu Xinli 
Published: January 2016

AbstractConversion of m‐cresol was studied on a Pt/HBeta catalyst at 225–350 °C and ambient hydrogen pressure. At 250 °C, the reaction proceeds through two major reaction pathways: (1) direct deoxygenation to toluene (DDO path); (2) hydrogenation of m‐cresol to methylcyclohexanone and methylcyclohexanol on Pt, followed by fast dehydration on Brønsted acid sites (BAS) to methylcyclohexene, which is either hydrogenated to methylcyclohexane on Pt or ring‐contracted to dimethylcyclopentanes and ethylcyclopentane on BAS (HYD path). The initial hydrogenation is the rate‐determining step of the HYD path as its rate is significantly lower than those of subsequent steps. The apparent activation energy of the DDO path is 49.7 kJ mol−1 but the activation energy is negative for the HYD path. Therefore, higher temperatures lead to the DDO path becoming the dominant path to toluene, whereas the HYD path, followed by fast equilibration to toluene, is less dominant, owing to the inhibition of the initial hydrogenation of m‐cresol.
Kinetics of low‐temperature Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis on cobalt catalysts: Are both slurry autoclave and tubular packed‐bed reactors adequate to collect relevant data at lab‐scale?
Authors: Visconti Carlo Giorgio , Lietti Luca , Tronconi Enrico , Rossini Stefano 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTo verify the equivalence of kinetic data obtained in lab‐scale packed‐bed and slurry reactors for low‐temperature Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis over cobalt‐based catalysts, the same Co/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst was tested in both reactors, studying the effects of the process conditions (temperature, pressure, syngas composition, gas space velocity) on CO conversion rate and on product distribution. Then, both a lumped CO conversion rate equation and detailed kinetics (i.e. describing the rates of reactants conversion and product formation) were developed based on the data collected in the packed‐bed tubular reactor. The two models were finally used to simulate the performance of the slurry autoclave. By describing the slurry autoclave as a continuous stirred tank reactor and the packed‐bed as plug‐flow reactor, the kinetic information collected with the two reactors is fully equivalent and can be used indiscriminately to describe the rates of reactant consumption and product formation.
Improvement of Deduplication Efficiency by Two‐Layer Deduplication System
Authors: OGATA MIKITO , KOMODA NORIHISA 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a two‐layer deduplication system for the backup process in an IT environment. The proposed system implements two chunk sizes in a descendent way and activates them simultaneously in a sequence. They eliminate duplicated parts among backup target data more efficiently than any conventional single‐layer deduplication system. The system weakens a substantial trade‐off between the deduplication rate and the performance, which is defined as the number of chunks reduced. Compared to a conventional approach, the proposed system provides an equivalent deduplication rate with much less performance degradation or more performance with less compensation of the deduplication rate. In addition, it achieves better stability of performance when small chunk sizes are used to manipulate heavily duplicated data and densely changed data. The positive effects of the proposed system are evaluated quantitatively and are compared to a conventional approach by using a simulation. The results are certified with a prototype machine.
Multiagent‐Based Electric Power Interchange between Microgrids
Authors: OKAMOTO KAZUYA , KURISU SHINYA , UTATANI MASAHIRO , NAGATA TAKESHI 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose a multiagent‐based electric power interchange method between microgrids (MGs). The proposed multiagent system consists of eight types of agent: a single micro virtual power plant (MVPP) agent , several MG controller agents (MGCs), several load agents, several gas turbine (gas engine) agents, several photovoltaic generation agents, several wind turbine generation agents, several battery agents, and a single grid agent. In the proposed system, the MVPP plays an important role, facilitating electric power exchange between MGCs. Simulation results suggest that the proposed multiagent system could improve the load factor and reduce the MG operation cost.
Cavitand Scission by Transition‐Metal Centres – Cleaved Cavitand Chirality and Its Consequences
Authors: Chavagnan Thierry , Sémeril David , Matt Dominique , Toupet Loïc , Harrowfield Jack , Welter Richard 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTwo molecules of the phosphine cavitand 5‐diphenylphosphanyl‐4(24),6(10),12(16),18(22)‐tetramethylenedioxy‐2,8,14,20‐tetrapentylresorcin[4]arene (1) each underwent cleavage of an O–CH2O bond when treated with 1 equiv. of [Ni(η5‐C5H5)(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)]BF4 to form a bis(phosphino–phenolato) complex (2) without a cyclopentadienyl ligand. The partially cleaved (P,O) ligands in 2 are chiral, and a single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination of 2 has shown that the complex molecule has close to twofold rotational symmetry with both ligand units in the same absolute configuration. As expected, the primary coordination sphere has a cis‐NiO2P2 geometry. In contrast, C–O bond breaking occurred only once per metal centre when 1 was treated with [RuBr2(p‐cymene)]2. This led to a crystallographically characterised complex [RuBr(P,O)(p‐cymene)] (4) along with a minor amount of a species (5) that is assumed to be a stereoisomer. Upon crystallisation of 4, two distinct types of crystals were isolated from the same solution; some of these were the racemic compound, while the others were the racemic conglomerate.
Hybrid Hierarchical Porous Silica Templated in Nanoemulsions for Drug Release
Authors: Riachy Philippe , Roig Ferran , García‐Celma Maria‐José , Stébé Marie‐José , Pasc Andrea , Esquena Jordi , Solans Conxita , Blin Jean Luc 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA new nanocarrier for loading and releasing drugs is reported, and ketoprofen was used as a model drug. More precisely, the carrier is a hybrid material prepared by combining oil‐in‐water (O/W) nanoemulsions, into which the drug has been solubilized, with mesostructured silica. This organic–inorganic hybrid material shows a controlled release of the drug that is pH dependent. If the drug is impregnated into the bare hierarchical meso‐/macroporous dual silica material, obtained after the removal of the organic components by extraction, only 8 wt.‐% of ketoprofen is released in a phosphate buffer medium (pH 7.4), probably owing to its low solubility in the aqueous phase. The drug solubility and release are increased strongly by the addition of Pluronic micelles to the receptor phase; this suggests a micelle‐promoted and ‐assisted release mechanism. Whatever the vehicle, the release profiles of ketoprofen always follow the Korsmeyer–Peppas model with a diffusional release exponent value lower than 0.5, characteristic of a pseudo‐Fickian release mechanism. Moreover, the release of ketoprofen is better controlled from the hybrid nanocarrier than from the hierarchical bare porous silica.
Incorporation of the Constrained Peptidomimetic, 5‐Methylpyridin‐2‐one into Peptide Vinyl Sulfones and Peptide Epoxy Ketones is Detrimental for Proteasome Inhibition
Authors: Xin Bo‐Tao , de Bruin Gerjan , Plomp Jan‐Willem , Florea Bogdan I. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Overkleeft Herman S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHuman proteasomes are validated targets in oncology and are promising targets in immune related diseases. A number of peptide‐based proteasome inhibitors have reached the clinic and several others are currently investigated in clinical trials. Despite these achievements, peptide‐based inhibitors may be susceptible to protease‐mediated degradation. In this paper, we report on our results on the introduction of 5‐methylpyridin‐2‐one moiety in peptide vinyl sulfone and peptide epoxy ketone‐based proteasome inhibitors. Pyridin‐2‐ones have previously been used as constrained peptide isosteres capable to act as a hydrogen‐bond acceptor. Our results demonstrate that 5‐methylpyridin‐2‐one can be introduced into proteasome inhibitors, but that the activity of the resulting compounds is compromised compared to their parent peptide vinyl sulfones and peptide epoxy ketones.
The Light Emitter of the 2‐Coumar­anone Chemiluminescence: Theoretical and Experimental Elucidation of a Possible Model for Bioluminescent Systems
Authors: Schramm Stefan , Navizet Isabelle , Naumov Panče , Nath Naba K. , Berraud‐Pache Romain , Oesau Pascal , Weiss Dieter , Beckert Rainer 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe bioluminescence reaction of many biological subspecies, most notably fireflies, forms dioxetanone derivatives as high‐energy intermediates. The thermal instability of dioxetanones complicates understanding of the transition from the ground state to the first excited state that leads to light emission. Herein, we report the reaction mechanism of 2‐coumaranones, synthetically accessible strongly chemiluminescent materials that mimic the bioluminescence reaction. The pathways of chemiexcitation and photorelaxation are clarified on the basis of synthetic evidence and spectrochemical as well as computational mechanistic analysis.
Interactions of metal-based engineered nanoparticles with aquatic higher plants: A review of the state of current knowledge
Authors: Thwala Melusi , Klaine Stephen J. , Musee Ndeke 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

The rising potential for the release of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into aquatic environments requires evaluation of risks to protect ecological health. The present review examines knowledge pertaining to the interactions of metal-based ENPs with aquatic higher plants, identifies information gaps, and raises considerations for future research to advance knowledge on the subject. The discussion focuses on ENPs' bioaccessibility; uptake, adsorption, translocation, and bioaccumulation; and toxicity effects on aquatic higher plants. An information deficit surrounds the uptake of ENPs and associated dynamics, because the influence of ENP characteristics and water quality conditions has not been well documented. Dissolution appears to be a key mechanism driving bioaccumulation of ENPs, whereas nanoparticulates often adsorb to plant surfaces with minimal internalization. However, few reports document the internalization of ENPs by plants; thus, the role of nanoparticulates' internalization in bioaccumulation and toxicity remains unclear, requiring further investigation. The toxicities of metal-based ENPs mainly have been associated with dissolution as a predominant mechanism, although nano toxicity has also been reported. To advance knowledge in this domain, future investigations need to integrate the influence of ENP characteristics and water physicochemical parameters, as their interplay determines ENP bioaccessibility and influences their risk to health of aquatic higher plants. Furthermore, harmonization of test protocols is recommended for fast tracking the generation of comparable data. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1677–1694. © 2016 SETAC
Behavioural and neurofunctional impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on somatosensory learning
Authors: Hilgenstock Raphael , Weiss Thomas , Huonker Ralph , Witte Otto W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe investigated the effect of repeated delivery of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on somatosensory performance and long‐term learning. Over the course of five days, tDCS was applied to the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) by means of neuronavigation employing magnetencephalography (MEG). Compared to its sham application, tDCS promoted tactile learning by reducing the two‐point discrimination threshold assessed by the grating orientation task (GOT) primarily by affecting intersessional changes in performance. These results were accompanied by alterations in the neurofunctional organization of the brain, as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging conducted prior to the study, at the fifth day of tDCS delivery and four weeks after the last application of tDCS. A decrease in activation at the primary site of anodal tDCS delivery in the left S1 along retention of superior tactile acuity was observed at follow‐up four weeks after the application of tDCS. Thus, we demonstrate long‐term effects that repeated tDCS imposes on somatosensory functioning. This is the first study to provide insight into the mode of operation of tDCS on the brain's response to long‐term perceptual learning, adding an important piece of evidence from the domain of non‐invasive brain stimulation to show that functional changes detectable by fMRI in primary sensory cortices participate in perceptual learning. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1277‐1295, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automated segmentation of chronic stroke lesions using LINDA: Lesion identification with neighborhood data analysis
Authors: Pustina Dorian , Coslett H. Branch , Turkeltaub Peter E. , Tustison Nicholas , Schwartz Myrna F. , Avants Brian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe gold standard for identifying stroke lesions is manual tracing, a method that is known to be observer dependent and time consuming, thus impractical for big data studies. We propose LINDA (Lesion Identification with Neighborhood Data Analysis), an automated segmentation algorithm capable of learning the relationship between existing manual segmentations and a single T1‐weighted MRI. A dataset of 60 left hemispheric chronic stroke patients is used to build the method and test it with k‐fold and leave‐one‐out procedures. With respect to manual tracings, predicted lesion maps showed a mean dice overlap of 0.696 ± 0.16, Hausdorff distance of 17.9 ± 9.8 mm, and average displacement of 2.54 ± 1.38 mm. The manual and predicted lesion volumes correlated at r = 0.961. An additional dataset of 45 patients was utilized to test LINDA with independent data, achieving high accuracy rates and confirming its cross‐institutional applicability. To investigate the cost of moving from manual tracings to automated segmentation, we performed comparative lesion‐to‐symptom mapping (LSM) on five behavioral scores. Predicted and manual lesions produced similar neuro‐cognitive maps, albeit with some discussed discrepancies. Of note, region‐wise LSM was more robust to the prediction error than voxel‐wise LSM. Our results show that, while several limitations exist, our current results compete with or exceed the state‐of‐the‐art, producing consistent predictions, very low failure rates, and transferable knowledge between labs. This work also establishes a new viewpoint on evaluating automated methods not only with segmentation accuracy but also with brain–behavior relationships. LINDA is made available online with trained models from over 100 patients. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1405‐1421, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of methylphenidate on body index and physical fitness in Korean children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Kang Kyoung Doo , Yun Sin Weon , Chung Unsun , Kim Tae Ho , Park Jeong Ha , Park In Hui , Han Doug Hyun 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveThe side effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on growth remain a controversial concern. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MPH on clinical symptoms, growth, and physical fitness in Korean children.MethodsFifty male children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with methylphenidate (MPH‐ADHD), 69 MPH‐naïve male children with ADHD (Naïve‐ADHD), and 60 age‐matched and sex‐matched healthy control subjects were recruited. Intelligence quotient (IQ), clinical symptoms of ADHD, body index (height, weight, and body mass index [BMI]), and physical fitness (muscular strength, endurance, flexibility, agility, speed, and balance) were assessed.ResultsTotal IQ and performance IQ scores were significantly different among the three groups, as were mean Korean Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (K‐ARS)‐total, K‐ARS‐inattention, and K‐ARS‐hyperactivity scores. There was no significant difference in height, weight, or BMI among the three groups. There were significant differences in skill‐related fitness scores for balance (healthy controls > MPH‐ADHD > Naïve‐ADHD) and agility shuttle test time (healthy controls < MPH‐ADHD < Naïve‐ADHD).ConclusionsOur findings support the effectiveness of MPH treatment for improving IQ, attention, and balance and agility measures of skill‐related fitness in Korean children with ADHD. MPH was not associated with growth delays in height, weight, and BMI. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.