bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal perforation during laser assisted blepharoplasty
Authors: Lee S. , Moon D. , Kang H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeBlepharoplasty is one of the most commonly performed oculoplastic prodecures. Laser‐assisted blepharoplasty has been performed for several years with some advantages but also it has many complications. We describe two cases of corneal perforation developed during laser assisted blepharoplasty.MethodsTwo patients were referred to our clinic for complaints about decreased visual acuity. They presented with decreased vision, pain and photophobia of their left eye after laser‐assisted blepharoplasty. Both patients had a visual acuity of 20/400 in the affected eye and showed intraocular pressure as low as 5 mmHg. Slit‐lamp examination revealed Seidel‐positive corneal perforation surrounding corneal opacity with corneal folding. The anterior chamber was shallow with mild intraocular inflammation. Application of cyanoacrylate glue to the perforations was done and therapeutic lenses were replaced. Patients were treated with topical antibiotics and artificial tears four times a day.ResultsOne week after the injury, the IOP was elevated within normal range and intact epithelium without leaking was confirmed by slit‐lamp examination. One month later, the visual acuity was regained and subepithelial and stromal corneal opacity was found without inflammation or leaking. And anterior segment optical coherence tomography revealed deep stromal corneal opacity.ConclusionsCorneal perforation during laser blepharoplasty seems probable with eyelid perforation by the laser beam. So during surgery, metal corneal protectors were placed, but corneal perforation could be developed because a Bell's phenomenon with elevation of the cornea superior to the corneal shields. Therefore, to prevent eyelid and corneal perforation, degree of laser power and exposure must be checked carefully.
Clinical manifestations of parasellar mass
Authors: Cho M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThis study was purposed to make comparative analysis on various clinical findings of parasellar mass which was diagnosed by ophthalmologist.MethodsFor 51 patients diagnosed as parasellar mass (23 males, 28 females), we reviewed vision, clinical symptoms, visual fields, imaging study.ResultsAt the first visit, the patient's most common chief complain was decreased visual acuity or blurred vision (41 patients) and other symptoms include visual field defect (7 patients) and diplopia (3 patients). Corrected visual acuity was varied from 1.0 to <0.01. Variable visual field defect pattern was noted (normal to complete defect). But usually bilateral temporal hemianopia was the most common finding in visual field test. In some cases, diplopia was the only symptom of mass.ConclusionsWhen a patient complains visual field defects and shows unilateral or bilateral temporal visual field defect in visual field test, it was easy to suspect parasellar mass. But no visual field defect in patient with tumor is also exist. So in patients who complain unexplained visual discomfort with normal visual acuity or normal visual filed, we must suspect tumor and consider neurologic image study in order to rule out the tumor.
Racial differences in the extracellular matrix of the lamina cribrosa and the peripapillary sclera
Authors: Kim Y. , Park H.Y.L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo investigate the major extracellular matrix components (ECM) of the lamina cribrosa (LC) and peripapillary sclera (PPS) in human donor eyes and to determine the differences between Korean and Caucasian eyes.MethodsPosterior segment tissues obtained from nonpathologic, age and axial length‐matched 24 Caucasian and 48 Korean donors were used. Protein and mRNA expression of major ECM components were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemitry, and light and electron microscopy. Biomechanical analysis was performed by obtaining stress‐strain curves of the PPS and LC.ResultsCollagen and elastin were significantly more abundant in Korean eyes as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. ECM modulating enzyme, lysyl oxidase like‐2 expression was elevated in the PPS and LC of Korean eyes. The width of PPS around the LC region was larger in Korean eyes compared to Caucasian eyes. Collagen fibers had a greater preferred directionality and smaller fibril diameter in the PPS region in Korean eyes observed by electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the LC and PPS produced greater strain in Korean eyes measured by strain‐stress relationship. Increased strain was more pronounced in the PPS region in Korean eyes.ConclusionsThe LC and PPS are more easily deformed by similar pressures in Korean eyes compared to Caucasian eyes. Racial differences in the ECM composition and microscopic architecture may contribute to the greater deformation of the LC and PPS and this could contribute to the susceptibility for glaucoma under normal intraocular pressure range in Korean eyes.
Characteristics of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) patients with macular edema who lasted remission more than 6 months after single injection of intravitreal bevacizumab
Authors: Lee M.Y. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate clinical characteristics of retinal veiin occlusion (RVO) patients with macular edema who lasted remission more than 6 months after single injection of intravitreal bevacizumab.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed sixty eight eyes of 67 patients who have macular edema due to RVO. Group 1 included eyes lasted remission more than 6 months after single injection of intravitreal bevacizumab. Group 2 included eyes lasted macular edema even after two injections of intravitreal bevacizumab and needed intravitreal triamcinolone or ozurdex. Clinical characteristics including initial visual acuity, initial CMT (Central macular thickness) were compared between two groups.Results44, 24, eyes were included in group 1, 2 respectively. Group 1 included 36 eyes of BRVO and 8 eyes of CRVO. Group 2 included 11 eyes of BRVO and 13 eyes of CRVO. Initial visual acuity was better in group 1 than group 2 (p = 0.023). Initial CMT was higher in group 2 (p = 0.006). Prevalence rate of diabetes were higher in group 2 (p = 0.002).ConclusionsOur results suggest that weather the patient have a diabetes and initial visual acuity and CMT can be helpful in predicting the treatment response after intravitreal bevacizumab injection in these patients.
Unusual presentation of an intraocular foreign body with double – perforation and retention in lateral rectus muscle
Authors: Ponomarenko M. , Lochhead J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo report a rare complicated case of eye injury with endophthalmitis, an air bubble (bacteria‐produced), retinal detachment, and traumatic cataract, treated surgically with excellent functional outcome.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the hard and electronic notes, CT images, OCT images and operation notes.Results28 year old male presented 5 days post penetrating injury to right eye, with retained metal foreign body. A gas bubble demonstrated on CT in the right superior globe – believed to be bacteria produced. Multi‐stage surgical approach used to treat endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, cataract and removal of FB.Post‐operative outcomes: vision of 6/12 on the affected site, with flat retina, no inflammation and minimal CMO.ConclusionsFavourable outcomes are possible with carefully planned and prioritised multi‐stage surgical approach, even in complicated cases with late presentation; described approach may help to optimise outcomes in similar eye trauma presentations.
Efficacy & safety comparison between Cosopt & Xolamol: Branded & generic fixed combination of 2% Dorzolamide/0.5% Timolol
Authors: Ali Aljasim L. , Edward D. , Khandekar R. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeGeneric drugs approved without requiring them to repeat the same safety and efficacy clinical studies done by the innovator. They have to have same active ingredients, strength, dosage forms, labelling, indications and routes of administration as the corresponding branded drugs. But they are not required to have the same excipients as branded drugs, even though excipients may account for substantial proportions of the medication, which can interfere with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of active agents.this is the first study comparing Xolamol, widely used generic in the region, with branded Cosopt.Methodsrecruited patients had their glaucoma medications washed out with Timolol 0.5%, then randomized to receive Cosopt or Xolamol, after 6 weeks of treatment patients crossed over to the other medication. IOP and any sign of allergic reaction were monitored during visits, and patients answered questioners about tolerability and satisfaction.Results28 patients, age 68.1 ± 10.381% PACGGroup 1; eyes started on cosopt, then crossed over to Xolamol.Group 2 started on Xolamol & crossed over to Cosopt.IOP in group 1 & group 2; on randomization 18 ± 7.8 & 18.7 ± 3.8 (p = 0.74).After 6 weeks; 15.5 ± 4.3 & 15 ± 4.1 (p = 0.77).And 6 weeks after cross over 14.9 ± 4.3 & 13.6 ± 3.2 (p = 0.42).Increased conjunctiva congestion noted in group 1; 20% on Cosopt, then 30% after cross over to Xolamol. In Group 2; 46% with Xolamol & 31% with Cosopt (p = 0.18), (p = 0.94).SPE seen in 14% (n = 4) on Xolamol & non with Cosopt use (p = 0.037).Patient reported excellent satisfaction in 50 & 46% when used Xolamol (as first drug or after cross over), and 54 & 57% in Cosopt users (p = 0.8).ConclusionsEfficacy was equivalent with both medications, but tolerability was better with branded Cosopt.
Early & delayed effect of using steroid following SLT, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ali Aljasim L. , Owaidhah O. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo determine the effect of using topical corticosteroid in the early post‐SLT period on the result of the procedure; intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, development of postoperative uveitis and patient's discomfort level in the early postoperative periodMethodsPatients underwent bilateral SLT as primary treatment or as an alternative treatment after washout of their glaucoma medications.Following SLT one eye was selected randomly to use topical prednisolone for 1 weekPost‐SLT inflammation, discomfort and IOP level during the following 6 months was compared between eyes used prednisolone and eyes did not.Results15 patients were recruited, most had POAGEyes were randomized between group 1 used topical Prednisolone 1% qid for 1 week following 360* SLT, the other eye was in group 2 and only used lubrications.IOP for group 1 &2; pre SLT 24.1 ± 2 & 24.5 ± 3 (p = 0.66),3 months following SLT 17.2 ± 2 & 17.7 ± 3 (p = 0.75), and on final 6 months visit, 17 ± 2 & 17.7 ± 3 (p = 0.32).IOP reduction following SLT in group 1&2 was 7.2 & 6.8 (p = 0.60).A day after SLT 4 eyes had mild uveitis in group 1 & 6 in group 2, all cleared by 1 week.More eyes had more sever conjunctiva congestion in group2 than in group 1.One patient developed IOP increase upon using Prednisolone, IOP dropped after cessation of treatment (steroid responder).ConclusionsThe use of potent steroid following SLT doesn't have an effect on the final IOP reduction, and reduced post SLT inflammation & discomfort.
Exposure to subthreshold dose of UVR‐B induces apoptosis in the lens epithelial cells and does not in the lens fiber cells
Authors: Galichanin K. , Yu Z. , Talebizadeh N. , Burmakin M. , Söderberg P. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate which part of the lens in vivo exposure to subthreshold dose of UVR‐B induces apoptosis in.MethodsTwenty 6‐week‐old female albino Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to subthreshold dose (1 kJ/m2) of UVR‐B unilaterally and sacrificed at 120 h after exposure. Lenses were enucleated and dissected on three regions: the lens epithelium, the cortex and the nucleus. The lens nucleus then was removed. Apoptosis markers p53 and caspase 3 were used to study apoptosis in the lens epithelium and the cortex. qRT‐PCR and Western Blot were utilized to analyze the lenses.ResultsTP53 and CASP3 mRNA expressions are increased in exposed lenses, both in the lens epithelium and the cortex regions, in relation to non‐exposed lenses. Expression of p53 protein is increased in exposed lens epithelium in relation to non‐exposed lens epithelium. Caspase 3 protein is expressed in exposed lens epithelial cells whereas it is not expressed in non‐exposed lens epithelial cells. p53 and caspase 3 proteins are not expressed in either exposed or non‐exposed lens fiber cells.ConclusionsExposure to UVR‐B increases mRNA transcription of apoptosis marker p53 in vivo in both regions of the lens and of apoptosis marker caspase 3 in the lens cortex. Exposure to UVR‐B increases p53 and caspase 3 proteins’ expression in the lens epithelium. In vivo exposure to subthreshold dose of UVR‐B induces apoptosis in the lens epithelial cells and does not in the lens fiber cells.
The vitreopapillary interface in healthy and glaucoma – the VPI study
Authors: Willekens K. , Pinto L.A. , Vandewalle E. , Stalmans P. , Stalmans I. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeDuring posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) the posterior hyaloid remains, for a certain period, attached to the posterior pole. At the macula, the vitreomacular interface and its associated disease has been studied extensively. The opposite is true for the vitreopapillary interface, especially in glaucoma patients. As glaucoma affects the shape and cupping of the optic nerve head, this study aims to investigate the possible influence of vitreous traction on the disc.MethodsThe VPI study (NCT02290795) is a cross‐sectional prospective study including healthy subjects and glaucoma patients. A subset of the glaucoma patients was followed‐up longitudinally to assess the impact of filtering surgery on the VPI. All glaucoma patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological investigation, automated visual field test, confocal scanner and OCT scan. Healthy subjects filled in a questionnaire on gender, age, medical history, medication use and had also had an OCT‐scan to determine PVD status.ResultsIn total, 258 healthy subjects and 349 glaucoma patients were included rendering data on 1214 eyes. Glaucoma patients were significantly older than their healthy counterparts (66.5 ± 12.8 vs. 60.1 ± 14.8, p < 0.001). Split up per PVD stage, the age did not differ in PVD stage 0, but for every following PVD stage, glaucoma patients were significantly older (54.2 ± 11.7 vs. 50.1 ± 14.4 (p = 0.071); 61.1 ± 10.4 vs. 54.7 ± 14.0 (p < 0.001); 72.5 ± 8.9 vs. 67.7 ± 5.9 (p < 0.001); 73.7 ± 9.9 vs. 71.4 ± 9.3 (p = 0.014) for PVD stage 0;1;3;4 respectively).ConclusionsThe process of PVD formation lasts significantly longer in glaucoma patients.
Comparative analysis of the morphometric parameters of the macular area of the retina in patients with refractive, axial, mixed and combined tipes of myopia
Authors: Bushuyeva N. , Maliieva O. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeComparing the parameters of the macular area in patients with refractive, axial, mixed and combined myopia.Methods63 patients (121 eyes) with myopia (−3.20 ± 2.8 D) (20.46 ± 12.13 y.o.) were identified in the groups: refractive (RM) – 28 eyes, combined (CM) – 11 eyes, axial (AM) – 65 eyes and mixed myopia (MM) – 17 eyes. Patients hold: visometry, kerathometry, refraktometry, ultrasonic echobiometry, OCT of the retina and the anterior chamber angle (ACA).ResultsIn patients with MM (242.0 ± 12.4 μm) macular thickness (MT) was less than in RM group (249.2 ± 9.4 μm). In AM group the fovea thickness (FT) was (184.44 ± 20.28 μm) higher (p < 0.01) than in the RM (169.64 ± 20.64 μm) MM (168.05 ± 19.74 μm) and CM (172.30 ± 15.2 μm) droups. Fovea volume (FV) was less (p < 0.01) in the MM group than in patients with AM (6.90 ± 0.34 mm³), RM (7.01 ± 0.26 mm³) and CM (6.91 ± 0.24 mm³).Conclusions1. Patients with MM had a tendency to decrease MT at 2.5% in comparing to CM and AM and significant reduction at 2.9% compared to the RM (p < 0.05), as well reduction of FV at 10% (p < 0.01) comparing to AM, RM and CM. MM showed the correlation FV with the axial length (AL) (r = −0.54, p < 0.026) and refraction (r = 0.54, p < 0.024). MM had correlation between corneal thikness and FT (r = 0.58, p < 0.014).2. AM had minimal FT thikner at 11% and FT in the area of 0.6 mm at 8% comparing to the RM (p < 0.01), MM (p < 0.01) and CM (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01).3. RM had tendency of influence of the anterior segment parameters on the macula area – a negative correlation of the width of the ACA (r = −0.27, p < 0.16) and the intraocular pressure (r = −0.48, p < 0.009) with TF and positive correlation corneal`s curvature with MT (r = 0.34, p = 0.07) and FV (r = 0.35; p = 0.06).
The German AugUR study: a population‐based prospective study to investigate chronic diseases in the elderly with focus on age‐related macular degeneration (AMD)
Authors: Brandll C. , Stark K.J. , Olden M. , Zimmermann M.E. , Schelter S.C. , Loss J. , Kronenberg F. , Helbig H. , Weber B.H. , Heid I.M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposePopulation‐based epidemiological data on eye diseases are important determinants to steer health care. However, these data on prevalence, incidence, and risk factors are scarce in Central Europe and particularly in Germany. We therefore sought to establish such data for Bavaria, here focusing on age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).MethodsThe AugUR study (Age‐related diseases: understanding genetic and non‐genetic influences – a study at the University of Regensburg) is a population‐based prospective study in the mobile general population of Caucasian ethnicity aged 70 years and older in and around Regensburg, Bavaria. The study protocol includes ophthalmological anamnesis and examinations with testing of central retinal function (visual acuity, photostress test, Amsler Grid) as well as retinal imaging (standardized color fundus photographs of the central retina, confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography). The presence and extend of AMD is categorized via color fundus photographs into early and late stages.ResultsSince 2013, AugUR has recruited 1,133 participants, with 1,041 (92%) having gradable fundus images for at least one eye. A total of 418 (37% of the 1,041) individuals showed drusen and pigmentary abnormalities corresponding to early AMD findings, 69 (6%) participants demonstrated late‐stage AMD with neovascular or atrophic lesions. Importantly, we detected 83 (8%) persons with ‘latent’ AMD, i.e. being anamnestically unknown to the participant; 29 (3%) of those individuals revealed late AMD stages.ConclusionsAugUR provides the first AMD prevalence estimates in an elderly German population. With an ongoing 3‐year‐follow‐up, this data will help to better understand disease development and progression.
Incidence and risk factors of cystoid macular edema after retinal detachment surgery
Authors: Berrod J.P. , El Kouhen N. , Leroy B.P. , Conart J.B. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the incidence rate of cystoid macular edema (CME) after uncomplicated primary operation on retinal detachment (RD) and to identify risk factors associated with postoperative CME.MethodsRetrospective interventional case series of consecutive patients that underwent one RD repair either by primary vitrectomy or external procedure during a 3 years period starting on January 2012. Postoperative CME was defined as poor visual recovery associated with intraretinal hyporeflective cysts on optical coherent tomography scans (OCT) engendering central macular thickening.ResultsA total of 403 eyes were studied with a mean follow‐up of 6 months. The incidence of CME was 7% after pars plana vitrectomy (22/317 eyes) and 2.3% after external procedure (2/86 eyes). Risk factors for CME were : a smaller axial length (p < 0.005), a higher duration of macular detachment (p < 0.029), a lower visual acuity at presentation (p < 0.022), an history of posterior capsular rupture (p < 0.01) and the use of cryopexy during surgery (p = 0.035). After 6 month follow‐up CME persisted in 12/24 patients. Mean visual acuity was 0.28 logMAR in eyes without CME versus 0.4 logMAR in eyes with persistent CME.ConclusionsThe incidence of CME after RD repair was 7% after primary vitrectomy, and 2.3% after primary scleral buckling. Patients might benefit from increase use of OCT during follow‐up of retinal detachment surgery to detect macular pathology. Visual prognosis was good in 50% patients.
Management strategies in vasoactive proliferative tumor of the retina
Authors: Tunc M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeVasoactive proliferative tumor of the retina is extremely rare in children. Our purpose is to report the clical characteristics and management stratregy in this rare tumor of the retina.MethodsCase Report.ResultsA 12 years‐old female was presented with decreased vision on her left eye. The vision was 20/20 on OD and counting fingers at 1 m on OS. There was marked retinal edema and exudation at presentation. Full systemic evaluation was performed without any evidence of systemic disease. There was also no other ocular disease. On fundus examination there was telenigectatic vessels adjasent to peripapillary retina. Previous attempts of intravitreal antiVEGF bevacizumab injections elsewhere did not improve the vision and macular edema. The patient had marked retinal fluid at presentation and we decided to try intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) in treatment. The vision improved significantly right after the treatment but the patient developed cataract after two Ozurdex applications. After phacoemulsification with IOL implantation we were able to apply laser photocoagulation as the retinal fluid is resolved significantly and the vision improved to 20/40 after three Ozurdex applications.ConclusionsVasoactive proliferative tumor is extremely rare in children. Our case indicates that intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) is effective in resolution of subretinal fluid in such cases and this treatment modality gives a window to apply destructive laser over the lesion to prevent recurrences of macular edema.
Assessment of visual function and structural retinal changes in Zen meditators
Authors: Garcia Martin E. , Satue M. , Rodrigo M.J. , Obis J. , Cipres Alastuey M. , Vilades E. , Otin S. , Polo V. , Larrosa J.M. , Pablo L. , Gracia H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate whether Zen meditation (a mindfulness‐based practice) stimulates visual function and increases retinal and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness.MethodsThis cross‐sectional controlled study included 36 eyes of 18 meditators and 76 eyes of 38 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy non‐meditators. The average response of both eyes in each subject was analysed. All subjects underwent evaluation of high and low contrast visual acuity (using ETDRS charts), contrast sensitivity vision (CSV) using the Pelli Robson chart and CSV 1000E test, color vision (using the Farnsworth and L′Anthony desaturated D15 color tests), stereoscopic vision using the TNO test, and retinal and RNFL thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Differences in visual function and RNFL thickness were compared between groups.ResultsWe found that meditators exhibited significantly better visual acuity with the three contrast levels used, and significantly better contrast sensitivity vision (CSV 1000E) than healthy non‐meditators (p ≤ 0.05). Retinal and RNFL structural measurements did not differ significantly between groups. Ganglion cell layer thickness was moderately correlated with visual acuity, CSV, color vision, and stereoscopic vision (p ≤ 0.05; r > 0.6).ConclusionsVisual function was enhanced in meditators without significant alterations in the retinal morphologic structure. Further studies are needed to determine whether there is a causal association between mindfulness and visual function improvement.