bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State‐dependent behavioural theory for assessing the fitness consequences of anthropogenic disturbance on capital and income breeders
Authors: McHuron Elizabeth A. , Costa Daniel P. , Schwarz Lisa , Mangel Marc 
Published: November 2016

SummaryAnthropogenic disturbance is of increasing concern for wildlife populations, necessitating the development of models that link behavioural changes at the individual level with biologically meaningful changes at the population level.We developed a general framework for estimating the fitness consequences of disturbance that affects foraging behaviour using state‐dependent behavioural theory implemented by Stochastic Dynamic Programming (SDP). We illustrate this framework using generalized examples of pinnipeds, a group of marine carnivores that include both capital‐ and income‐breeding species. We examined how disturbance affected pup recruitment separately for each reproductive strategy, and the impact of foraging decisions and parameter values on model results.The effect of disturbance on pup recruitment was greater for income than capital breeders for all disturbance scenarios. Disturbance had negligible effects on pup recruitment when it occurred within less frequented foraging patches, but moderate to large effects when it occurred within an important foraging patch. Model results were sensitive to values of patch productivity (the energy gained from successful foraging), the probability of disturbance and individual behavioural choices in the face of disturbance.State‐dependent behavioural theory implemented by SDP is a powerful tool for investigating when behavioural changes in response to disturbance may be meaningful at the population level. This approach allows us to incorporate many factors that are known to influence the behavioural and physiological responses of animals to anthropogenic disturbance, and places disturbance within the context of a temporally and spatially variable environment. The general framework we have developed can be used to estimate the consequences of anthropogenic disturbance across a broad range of species.
The impact of undergraduate personal finance education on individual financial literacy, attitudes and intentions
Authors: Gerrans Paul , Heaney Richard 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFinancial literacy education features prominently among the policy options available to improve personal financial decision‐making. Notwithstanding calls to expand delivery of financial literacy units at university level, such offerings are relatively rare with little evaluation. We provide an evaluation of the impact on financial literacy, financial attitudes and financial behaviour intentions of a semester unit in personal finance delivered to undergraduates at an Australian university, carefully controlling for confounding effects in the analysis. We report increases in objective and subjective financial literacy and an additional gender effect. Contrary to previous speculation, we do not find overconfidence as an associated outcome.
Monetary policy shocks and the dynamics of agricultural commodity prices: evidence from structural and factor‐augmented VAR analyses
Authors: Alam Md Rafayet , Gilbert Scott 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFluctuation in commodity prices is a significant and timely issue to be studied. This study is to examine the impact of monetary policy and other macroeconomic shocks on the dynamics of agricultural commodity prices. The major contributions of this study are twofold. First, unlike other studies that use indexes, this study analyzes the commodities individually, affording the inclusion of commodity‐specific fundamentals such as the level of inventory—an important determinant of commodity price—in a structural VAR framework. Second, it exploits a rich data set of agricultural commodity prices which includes commodities that are usually overlooked in the literature, and extracts a common factor using the dynamic factor model to understand the extent of comovement of the prices and to gauge the extent to which macroeconomic shocks drive the “comovement” in a factor‐augmented VAR (FAVAR) framework. The findings show that monetary policy, global economic conditions, and the U.S. dollar exchange rates play an important role in the dynamics of agricultural commodity prices.
Management of pemphigus disease in pregnancy
Authors: Tavakolpour Soheil , Mirsafaei Hajar Sadat , Delshad Saeid 
Published: November 2016

Pemphigus can cause complications during pregnancy and may cause serious harm to a fetus. For this study, a comprehensive review of common treatments of pemphigus and their adverse effects associated with pregnancy and male fertility was conducted. We concluded that a period of remission with minimal or no therapy before conception could significantly reduce the risk of the disease flaring up, at least in the first trimester. The period of remission causes a delay in the flare‐up of the disease, which means lower cumulative doses and the prevention of possible congenital abnormalities caused by corticosteroid or immunosuppressant treatments. All common treatments of pemphigus—azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and methotrexate—should be avoided during pregnancy. However, it appears that systemic corticosteroids in a safe dose with a topical form of corticosteroids may be used without serious risk. Due to the lack of data associated with rituximab therapy, it is recommended that this drug be avoided 12 months before conception. It appears that the safest treatment of pemphigus is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), which may be more effective when used with topical corticosteroids. Due to the delayed effect of IVIg, it should be used some months prior to conception.
Feminism from the Margin: Challenging the Paris/Banlieues Divide
Authors: Hancock Claire 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper aims to cast light on specifically French constructions of gender, citizenship and nationhood and articulate two bodies of work, one dealing with political mobilizations of racialized minorities in the French context, and the other dealing with gender concerns in urban policy. Emerging social movements in the urban area of Paris are having to take position in a context in which a normative “state feminism” is being used to stigmatize working‐class neighbourhoods in the banlieues as well as their male inhabitants. This paper considers the “double bind” in which feminist activists, and women more generally, find themselves as a result. It argues that some formerly silenced groups are being granted space for expression by the current foregrounding of “women” in urban policy. Drawing on bell hooks' insights on the margin/centre tension in feminist theory as a useful way of thinking about the spatial dimension of these issues, the paper looks at one group in particular that defines itself and its strategies in spatial terms.
Creatinine, Neutrophil Gelatinase‐Associated Lipocalin, and Cystatin C in Determining Acute Kidney Injury After Heart Operations Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Kališnik Jurij Matija , Hrovat Eva , Hrastovec Alenka , Žibert Janez , Jerin Aleš , Skitek Milan , Santarpino Giuseppe , Klokocovnik Tomislav 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) represents frequent complication after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In the hope to enhance earlier more reliable characterization of AKI, we tested the utility of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C (CysC) in addition to standard creatinine for early determination of AKI after cardiac surgery using CPB. Forty‐one patients met the inclusion criteria. Arterial blood samples collected after induction of general anesthesia were used as baseline, further sampling occurred at CPB termination, 2 h after CPB, on the first and second day after surgery. According to AKIN classification 18 patients (44%) developed AKI (AKI1‐2 groups) and 23 (56%) did not (non‐AKI group). Groups were similar regarding demographics and operative characteristics. CysC levels differed already preoperatively (non‐AKI vs. AKI2; P = 0.045; AKI1 vs. AKI2; P = 0.011), while postoperatively AKI2 group differed on the first day and AKI1 on the second regarding non‐AKI group (P = 0.004; P = 0.021, respectively). NGAL and creatinine showed significant difference already 2 h after CPB between groups AKI2 and non‐AKI and later on the first postoperative day between groups AKI1 and AKI2 (P = 0.028; P = 0.014, respectively). This study shows similar performance of early plasma creatinine and NGAL in patients with preserved preoperative renal function. It demonstrates that creatinine, as well as NGAL, differentiate subsets of patients developing AKI of clinically more advanced grade early after 2 h, also when used single and uncombined.
Real‐world clinical experience in the Connect® chronic lymphocytic leukaemia registry: a prospective cohort study of 1494 patients across 199 US centres
Authors: Mato Anthony , Nabhan Chadi , Kay Neil E. , Weiss Mark A. , Lamanna Nicole , Kipps Thomas J. , Grinblatt David L. , Flinn Ian W. , Kozloff Mark F. , Flowers Christopher R. , Farber Charles M. , Kiselev Pavel , Swern Arlene S. , Sullivan Kristen , Flick E. Dawn , Sharman Jeff P. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is heterogeneous, and treatment options vary considerably. The Connect® CLL registry is a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study that provides a real‐world perspective on the management of, and outcomes for, patients with CLL. Between 2010 and 2014, 1494 patients with CLL and that initiated therapy, were enrolled from 199 centres throughout the USA (179 community‐, 17 academic‐, and 3 government‐based centres). Patients were grouped by line of therapy at enrolment (LOT). We describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of, and practice patterns for, patients with CLL enrolled in this treatment registry, providing patient‐level observational data that represent real‐world experiences in the USA. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses were performed on 49·3% of patients at enrolment. The most common genetic abnormalities detected by FISH were del(13q) and trisomy 12 (45·7% and 20·8%, respectively). Differences in disease characteristics and comorbidities were observed between patients enrolled in LOT1 and combined LOT2/≥3 cohorts. Important trends observed include the infrequent use of genetic prognostic testing, and differences in patient characteristics for patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy combinations. These data represent experiences of patients with CLL in the USA, which may inform treatment decisions in everyday practice.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel imidazopyrimidin‐3‐amines as anticancer agents
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad , Dianat Shima , Khavari Behnaz , Moghimi Setareh , Abdollahi Mohammad , Safavi Maliheh , Mouradzadegun Arash , Kabudanian Ardestani Sussan , Sabourian Reyhaneh , Emami Saeed , Akbarzadeh Tahmineh , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza 
Published: November 2016

Groebke–Blackburn–Bienayme reaction has been utilized for the synthesis of new imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine derivatives as novel anticancer agents. The cytotoxic activities of compounds were evaluated against human cancer cell lines including MCF‐7, T‐47D, and MDA‐MB‐231, compared with etoposide as the standard drug. Among the tested compounds, hydroxy‐ and/or methoxy‐phenyl derivatives (6a–c and 6k) with IC50 values of 6.72–14.36 μm were more potent than etoposide against all cell lines. The acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining and DNA fragmentation studies demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl derivative 6c is associated with apoptosis in cancer cells.
Methadone complications amongst opioid‐dependent patients in Malaysia: A case series
Authors: George Philip , Vicknasingam Balasingam , Thurairajasingam Sivakumar , Ramasamy Parameswaran , Mohd Yusof Haslina , Yasin Mohd Azhar Bin Mohd , Shah Zia U. Bahkt Sultan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsOpioid dependence remains the main type of illicit substance used in Malaysia, which has an estimated 187 771 opiate users. There are currently 333 active methadone maintenance treatment centres nationwide. Although methadone has proven to be an effective maintenance therapy, it has clinical concerns which can have an impact on its effectiveness and safety.Design, Methods and ResultsA case series of seven patients from Malaysian private and public hospital settings who had an adverse reaction with methadone is discussed.Discussion and ConclusionDespite methadone being an effective therapy for opioid dependence, there is a need for other alternative effective therapies, such as naltrexone, buprenorphine and the co‐formulation of buprenorphine‐naloxone, to be made available to physicians in both public and private sectors. There is need for individual treatment consideration to avoid adverse effects, drug–drug interactions, overdosing and in the presence of co‐morbidities. An emphasis on safe storage of takeaway methadone is also needed. [George P, Vicknasingam B, Thurairajasingam S, Ramasamy P, Mohd Yusof H, Yasin MABM, Shah ZUBS. Methadone complications amongst opioid‐dependent patients in Malaysia: A case series. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018;37:147–151]
A State of Fragmentation: Enacting Sovereignty and Citizenship at the Edge of the Indonesian State
Authors: Eilenberg Michael 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe topic of sovereignty and citizenship helps us to understand post‐authoritarian autonomy movements and resource struggle in Indonesia's borderlands. This article presents a case study of the border district of Kapuas Hulu, where increased regional autonomy gained in the decade that followed the collapse of the authoritarian regime of President Suharto in 1998 has encouraged a scramble for political influence and natural resources. As elsewhere in Indonesia, local engagement in the politics of decentralization presents marginal communities with a chance to assert publicly their role and rights as modern Indonesian citizens, and hence stake their claims to local natural resources and customary territory. Claims to citizenship and resource claims go hand in hand. Although lines of authority have been rearranged through political rupture, continuities with former alliance‐building strategies continue to structure the post‐authoritarian landscape of political representation and resource access. However, when long‐standing informal networks are merged with new institutional arrangements, openings emerge for certain fragments of local society to gain access and control over land and resources. Ultimately, the rupture from authoritarian to post‐authoritarian rule creates new possibilities for claiming citizenship at the edge of the Indonesian state.
Rule and Rupture: State Formation through the Production of Property and Citizenship
Authors: Lund Christian 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTTreating the ‘state’ as a finished product gets in the way of understanding it. The state is always in the making. This article, which acts as the Introduction to a special issue, argues that political authority is (re‐)produced through the process of successfully defining and enforcing rights to community membership and rights of access to important resources. Claims to rights prompt the exercise of authority. Struggles over property and citizenship are therefore as much about the scope and constitution of political authority as they are about access to resources and membership of a political community. The ability to entitle and disenfranchise people with regard to property, and to establish the conditions under which they hold property — together with the ability to define who belongs and who does not, and to establish and uphold rank, privilege and social servitude in its many forms — is constitutive of state power. Thus this essay argues that various moments of rupture (following periods of conflict, of colonial domination, of socialist, liberal, or authoritarian regimes, et cetera) allow us to see that rights do not simply flow from authority but also constitute it. Authority and rights are conceptually tied together by recognition. This article demonstrates how contracts of recognition unfold. It proposes an approach to the systematic investigation of the constitution of authority through the social production of property and citizenship as the recognition of claims to resources and membership. It thereby develops a way to study concrete dynamics of authority or state formation.
The Rupture of Territoriality and the Diminishing Relevance of Cross‐cutting Ties in Somalia after 1990
Authors: Hoehne Markus Virgil 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe notion of territoriality has changed in the Somali setting. Once it connoted flexibility and was mainly related to economic survival in a harsh environment; today (2016), after more than two decades of civil war, insecurity and foreign intervention, this notion is more rigid and exclusive. Clearly demarcated territory, inhabited by one group or at least under the control of a dominant group, has become a key political resource in an ongoing process of state formation. This article shows that territorialization in Somalia constitutes a complex mixture of bottom‐up and externally driven dynamics. It also shows that new forms of territoriality accompany new forms of sociality in the Somali setting. This is illustrated with regard to the diminishing relevance of cross‐cutting ties among Somali descent groups.
Violence Entrepreneurs, Law and Authority in Colombia
Authors: Grajales Jacobo 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTLocal power in Colombia has been profoundly restructured since the mid‐2000s, with the partial demobilization of paramilitary groups and the state's direct presence at the local level. This has led to the articulation of claims to new rights by internally displaced people, paving the way for new conditions of access to property and citizenship. However, paramilitary groups and their political and economic allies remain a de facto power in some areas. This contribution argues that a situation of rupture, seemingly characterized by a re‐monopolization of state violence, does not necessarily lead to the marginalization of criminal actors but to a reconfiguration of the links between statutory institutions and unofficial networks. This argument is based on an ethnographical exploration of claims regarding citizenship and property rights. The analysis of the strategies of rights claimants sheds light on the formation of both political authority and political subjectivity.
The Construction of the ‘Self’ in Conflicts around Land in Contemporary Tarabuco (Bolivia)
Authors: Calvo Verónica 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn 2009 a brand new constitution was approved in Bolivia which gives indigenous peoples the right to self‐governance according to their customs. The right to self‐governance was incorporated into the Native Indigenous Peasant Autonomy (AIOC) framework. Eleven municipalities across the country elected to adopt the new AIOC framework with a view to institutionalizing their own norms and political practices. However, in most of the municipalities the process led to internal disputes and tensions. This article focuses on the municipality of Tarabuco so as to bring to light the dynamics of these conflicts, and some of their underlying causes. Three different social organizations within the Tarabuco municipality — the peasant union, the indigenous communities and the neighbourhood assemblies — are fighting over the values and norms that should regulate the new social order. Those values and norms are closely linked to different organizational memberships, based on different interpretations of the meaning of land, territory, property, agricultural work and knowledge. The three organizations are competing over material and immaterial resources in a process of conflictive construction of political subjectivities. At the same time, in order to access the rights offered by the new dispensation, the Tarabuco local constitution is required to respond to the identity and identification criteria proposed by the AIOC. This article contributes to an understanding of the manner in which local actors deal with these forms of identity categorization in the design of values and norms of their society.
Risk of epilepsy and autism in full and half siblings—A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Christensen Jakob , Overgaard Morten , Parner Erik T. , Vestergaard Mogens , Schendel Diana 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObjectiveEpilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often occur together in the same individual. However, it remains unknown whether siblings of children with ASD have an increased risk of epilepsy and vice versa. This study determines the risk of ASD and epilepsy among younger siblings of children with ASD and epilepsy.DesignThe study included all children born in Denmark between January 1, 1980 and 31 December 2006 who participated in follow‐up until December 31, 2012 (1,663,302 children). We used Cox regression to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and the Kaplan‐Meier method to calculate the cumulative incidence.ResultsThe overall aHR of epilepsy in younger siblings increased by 70% (aHR 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–2.16%) if the older sibling had ASD compared with siblings where the older sibling did not have ASD. The cumulative incidence of epilepsy at 20 years of age was 2.54% (95% CI 1.97–3.26%) if the older sibling had ASD, whereas the cumulative incidence of epilepsy at 20 years of age was 1.63% (95% CI 1.60–1.66%) if the older sibling did not have ASD. The overall aHR of ASD in younger siblings increased by 54% if the older sibling had epilepsy (aHR 1.54, 95% CI 1.32–1.80) compared with siblings where the older sibling did not have epilepsy. The cumulative incidence of ASD at 20 years of age was 2.06% (95% CI 1.84–2.32%) if the older sibling had epilepsy, whereas the cumulative incidence of ASD at 20 years of age was 1.27% (95% CI 1.25–1.29%) if the older sibling did not have epilepsy.SignificanceThe cross‐disorder sibling risk of epilepsy and ASD was increased for the two disorders, which suggests that genes or environmental factors shared by family members may play a causal role in the co‐occurrence of ASD and epilepsy.
Pronunciation Training Facilitates the Learning and Retention of L2 Grammatical Structures
Authors: Martin Ines A. , Jackson Carrie N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe present study investigated the impact of pronunciation training on the learning and retention of second language (L2) grammatical structures. By drawing on the phonological saliency of stress placement in German separable‐ and inseparable‐prefix verbs, the study explored whether enhancing explicit instruction through pronunciation training can boost learners’ accuracy with the target grammatical form. Learners’ command of separable‐ and inseparable‐prefix verbs was tested prior to and after a grammar lesson using a listening task in which participants identified whether target verbs contained a separable or inseparable prefix and a written production task in which participants described pictures using separable‐ and inseparable‐prefix verbs. Results revealed significant and sustained improvement on both the listening and written production task among the grammar + pronunciation group, which suggests that pronunciation training can facilitate the learning and retention of L2 grammatical structures over and above explicit instruction.