bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of vacant and redundant public properties and risk control
Authors: Tajani Francesco , Morano Pierluigi 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a decision-support methodology for public and private subjects involved in the enhancement of public properties. In particular, with reference to cases in which the disused public property can be sold and the range of functions that define the highest and best use of the conversion was identified, the developed model allows for the assessment of the financial feasibility of the initiatives, in relation to the corresponding investment risks.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model integrates the mathematical logic of goal programming for the evaluation of the financial conveniences of the parties (public and private) involved in the enhancement of a public property with statistical approaches (value at risk+exponentially weighted moving average) so as to determine the investment risk of the private investor. The application of the model to a real case study highlighted the potentialities of the proposed methodology.FindingsThe model allows to determine: the optimal mix of intended uses to be realized in the public property under analysis; the fair value of the public property for the parties involved in the transaction; and the Pareto-optimal frontier of the expected profits, as a function of the risk appetite of the private investor.Practical implicationsThe defined model responds to the growing international interest in the enhancement of public buildings, satisfies the objectives of the substantial reduction of soil sealing and urban sustainability, stimulates the urban regeneration of deprived areas of the cities through the reactivation of large buildings that have been disused or underused for too long.Originality/valueThe present research allows to provide effective evaluation tools capable of outlining the opportunities of redevelopment initiatives and examines the risk factors that often invalidate the initial forecasts of the private entrepreneur and/or stop the activation of investments.
Lifelong learning and library programming for third agers
Authors: Sabo Robin M. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This study aims to examine library programming for active older (“third age”) adults and give suggestions for future improvements. In addition to covering research specific to library programming for these adults, which is limited, this review will also survey the literature on lifelong learning for this population.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper includes a literature review on library programming geared specifically to active, older adults and a survey of literature on lifelong learning for the “third agers”.

Findings
Demographics show that older adults are a growing population, not only in the USA, but worldwide. Many baby boomers have already entered or soon will be entering the “third age”. Most libraries are not providing specific programming to support these older lifelong learners. In the USA, baby boomers have the highest net worth of any generation, and as such, are an important fundraising source. Research indicates that older adults participate in lifelong learning activities and will attend library programs of interest. Topics of interest include hobbies/leisure pursuits, humanities, social/international issues, religion/philosophy, arts, technology and nutrition/health/stress management.

Practical implications
Libraries are missing a prime opportunity to expand services, develop library advocates and fundraise by ignoring the growing population of active older adults. Suggestions are given for how both public and academic libraries can take advantage of these opportunities.

Social implications
Older adults are a rapidly growing population. Providing library programming for this group benefits both older adults and libraries.

Originality/value
There are no known previous comprehensive literature reviews on library programming for older adults. Offering specific programming to this population has benefits for older adults, libraries and their communities.
Supporting start-up business model design through system dynamics modelling
Authors: Cosenz Federico 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how system dynamics (SD) modelling can provide a methodological support to business model (BM) design with the intent to better communicate business strategy and manage performance.

Design/methodology/approach
After a literature review of the field and an analysis of the strengths and limitations of conventional BM frameworks, the paper illustrates and discusses an approach that combines such a framework with SD modelling. A single-case study design was selected to explore the implications and limitations of using this combined approach to business modelling.

Findings
The methodological support provided by SD to BM design may effectively improve business strategy communication and performance management through both the adoption of a systemic and flexible perspective able to identify and analyse the main cause-and-effect relationships between the key-elements of the business strategy, and the use of a simulation technique that contributes in understanding how a firm operates, and its prospective performance over time.

Originality/value
Growing interest for BMs appears in the recent strategic management literature with research highlighting strengths and shortcomings. However, few attempts have been produced to overcome such limitations, while the adoption of SD is relatively new in supporting BM design.
Evaluation and decision making in social media marketing
Authors: Keegan Brendan James , Rowley Jennifer 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
As organisations are increasing their investment in social media marketing (SMM), evaluation of such techniques is becoming increasingly important. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to knowledge regarding SMM strategy by developing a stage model of SMM evaluation and uncovering the challenges in this process.

Design/methodology/approach
Interviews were conducted with 18 key informants working for specialist SMM agencies. Such informants are a particularly rich source, since they manage social media campaigns for a wide range of clients. An exploratory research was conducted and thematic analysis surfaced the key components of the SMM evaluation process and associated challenges.

Findings
The SMM evaluation framework is developed. This framework has the following six stages: setting evaluation objectives, identifying key performance indicators (KPIs), identifying metrics, data collection and analysis, report generation and management decision making. Challenges associated with each stage of the framework are identified, and discussed with a view to better understanding decision making associated with social media strategies. Two key challenges are the agency-client relationship and the available social analytics tools.

Originality/value
Despite an increasing body of research on social media objectives, KPIs and metrics, no previous study has explored how these components are embedded in a marketing campaign planning process. The paper also offers insights in the factors that make SMM evaluation complex and challenging. Recommendations for further research and practice are offered.
A meta-analysis of the impact of privatization on firm performance
Authors: Bachiller Patricia 
Published: January 2017

PurposeDespite the vast literature on privatization, the relationship between change of ownership and performance is not clear. The purpose of this paper is to understand why divergences are found between the empirical results of papers analyzed.Design/methodology/approachThe author applies a meta-analysis to a sample of 60 empirical studies that analyze the performance of privatized companies. The author checks whether different results on performance can be explained by the method of privatization and the level of development of the country of privatized companies.FindingsThe findings indicate that companies privatized by public offerings obtain a better performance than companies privatized using other methods, such as private sale or voucher privatization, and do not support the common-place assumption that privatization in developing countries does not improve financial performance.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature on privatization because it adds new empirical evidence about the privatization programs and it first applies a meta-analysis to a sample about privatization on state-owned companies. The author discusses theoretical and managerial implications and offers suggestions for future research on privatization.
Significant education factors in creating local safety maps
Authors: Nakamura Hiroki , Murae Fumitoshi 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus on local safety map creation education activities for crime prevention and to quantitatively identify the relationships between the elements that determine the expected effects of local safety maps.

Design/methodology/approach
In order to clarify the effects following and the significant factors involved in creating local safety maps, questionnaire surveys were given to participants in map-creation activities held in Kitakyushu City, Japan. The results were analyzed with structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results showed that safety maps may improve an understanding of the characteristics of dangerous and safe places, but they may not enhance knowledge of places sufficiently for someone to ask for help if they are in danger or are likely to be a crime victim. Of the factors most important in both the creation and effectiveness of safety maps, intergenerational exchanges and communication rank the highest, as they relate to an understanding of safety and crime prevention, and to familiarity with the region.

Practical implications
In the future, we should establish a system and design for safety map creation in which intergenerational discussion and communication with various people, including university students, is possible.

Originality/value
Although the production of local safety maps has been said to improve participants’ abilities, it was unclear who gained abilities in the map-making process to the extent to which the participants could effectively produce the maps. This paper discovered the effects and the significant factors involved in map creation.
Whatever happened to the family? England’s new gang strategy
Authors: Pitts John 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution of HM government’s gang strategy from 2011 to the present. It considers why an initial emphasis upon the “troubled family” as the progenitor of gang violence has given way to more tightly focussed modes of intervention in which concerns about gang violence are conflated with other policy concerns.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws on a range of policy documents over the relevant period to demonstrate a shift in rhetoric and focus and assesses this trajectory against the evidence base suggested by other relevant literature.

Findings
The argument contained in the paper attributes this shift in focus to a combination of the insights provided by new research, dwindling budgets and the reformulation of the original policy objectives in terms of recent policy priorities.

Social implications
It is suggested that in times of austerity, policy initiatives are reformulated to fit available resources but changes are presented as an improvement on what went before.

Originality/value
The paper uses secondary sources to develop and original analysis and argument.
Finish line plant–insect interactions mediated by insect feeding mode and plant interference: a case study of Brassica interactions with diamondback moth and turnip aphid
Authors: Soufbaf Mahmoud , Fathipour Yaghoub , Harvey Jeffrey A. , Hui Cang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThere are gaps in our understanding of plant responses under different insect phytophagy modes and their subsequent effects on the insect herbivores’ performance at late season. Here we compared different types of insect feeding by an aphid, Lipaphis erysimi, and a lepidopteran, Plutella xylostella, and how this affected defensive metabolites in leaves of 2 Brassica species when plants gain maturity. Thiocyanate concentrations after P. xylostella and L. erysimi feeding activities were the same. Total phenolics was higher after the phloem feeder feeding than the folivore activity. The plants compensatory responses (i.e., tolerance) to L. erysimi feeding was significantly higher than the responses to P. xylostella. This study showed that L. erysimi had higher carbon than P. xylostella whereas nitrogen in P. xylostella was 1.42 times that in L. erysimi. Population size of the phloem feeder was not affected by plant species or insect coexistence. However, there was no correlation between plant defensive metabolites and both insects’ population size and biomass. This suggests that plant root biomass and tolerance index after different insect herbivory modes are not necessarily unidirectional. Importantly, the interaction between the folivore and the phloem feeder insects is asymmetric and the phloem feeder might be a trickier problem for plants than the folivore. Moreover, as both plants’ common and special defenses decreased under interspecific interference, we suggest that specialist insect herbivores can be more challenged in ecosystems in which plants are not involved in interspecific interference.
Tracking global change using lichen diversity: towards a global‐scale ecological indicator
Authors: Matos Paula , Geiser Linda , Hardman Amanda , Glavich Doug , Pinho Pedro , Nunes Alice , Soares Amadeu M.V.M. , Branquinho Cristina 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Lichens have been used to efficiently track major drivers of global change from the local to regional scale since the beginning of the industrial revolution (sulphur dioxide) to the present (nitrogen deposition and climate change). Currently, the challenge is to universalize monitoring methodologies to compare global change drivers’ simultaneous and independent effects on ecosystems and to assess the efficacy of mitigation measures.

Because two protocols are now used at a continental scale North America (US) and Europe (EU), it is timely to investigate the compatibility of the interpretation of their outcomes. For the first time, we present an analytical framework to compare the interpretation of data sets coming from these methods utilizing broadly accepted biodiversity metrics, featuring a paired data set from the US Pacific Northwest.

The methodologies yielded highly similar interpretation trends between response metrics: taxonomic diversity, functional diversity and community composition shifts in response to two major drivers of global change (nitrogen deposition and climate). A framework was designed to incorporate surrogates of species richness (the most commonly used empirical trend in taxonomic diversity), shifts in species composition (compositional turnover) and metrics of functional diversity (link between community shifts to effects and ecosystem structure and functioning). These metrics are essential to more thoroughly comprehend biodiversity response to global change. Its inclusion in this framework enables future cross‐continental analysis of lichen biodiversity change from North America and Europe in response to global change. Future works should focus on developing independent metrics for response to global change drivers, namely climate and pollution, taking us one step closer to a lichen‐based global ecological indicator.
Modest overexpression of FOXO maintains cardiac proteostasis and ameliorates age‐associated functional decline
Authors: Blice‐Baum Anna C. , Zambon Alexander C. , Kaushik Gaurav , Viswanathan Meera C. , Engler Adam J. , Bodmer Rolf , Cammarato Anthony 
Published: January 2017

SummaryHeart performance declines with age. Impaired protein quality control (PQC), due to reduced ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) activity, autophagic function, and/or chaperone‐mediated protein refolding, contributes to cardiac deterioration. The transcription factor FOXO participates in regulating genes involved in PQC, senescence, and numerous other processes. Here, a comprehensive approach, involving molecular genetics, novel assays to probe insect cardiac physiology, and bioinformatics, was utilized to investigate the influence of heart‐restricted manipulation of dFOXO expression in the rapidly aging Drosophila melanogaster model. Modest dFOXO overexpression was cardioprotective, ameliorating nonpathological functional decline with age. This was accompanied by increased expression of genes associated predominantly with the UPS, relative to other PQC components, which was validated by a significant decrease in ubiquitinated proteins. RNAi knockdown of UPS candidates accordingly compromised myocardial physiology in young flies. Conversely, excessive dFOXO overexpression or suppression proved detrimental to heart function and/or organismal development. This study highlights D. melanogaster as a model of cardiac aging and FOXO as a tightly regulated mediator of proteostasis and heart performance over time.
Children and young people's conceptualizations of depression: a systematic review and narrative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Georgakakou‐Koutsonikou N. , Williams J. M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is an increasing research interest in conceptualizations of mental illness, examined in association with help‐seeking, stigma and treatment preferences. A recent focus on young people's concepts has been identified, with depression being one of the most examined conditions.MethodsThe purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize evidence on children and adolescents' conceptualizations of depression, adopting the model of illness representations. The review further aims to examine developmental trends, gender differences and the role of experience. A systematic review and narrative meta‐synthesis were conducted, reviewing 36 studies identified through a systematic search of six databases in March 2016.ResultsThirty‐six quantitative and qualitative studies were included. Half of the young people are able to recognize depression, and recognition increases when symptoms are more severe (e.g. suicidality). Young people are able to name a variety of causes for depression. Mental health professionals are considered the appropriate source of help by half of the young people, followed by family and peers. However, stigma constitutes a major barrier to help‐seeking. There are developmental trends and gender differences in young people's conceptualization of depression, while experience with depression is associated with a broader conceptualization.ConclusionsYoung people's concepts of depression resemble aspects of adult conceptualizations, however are sometimes incomplete. Further research on younger children and clinical populations is needed. Research on young people's conceptualizations informs both clinical practice and mental health literacy interventions.
Comparing human resource planning models in dentistry: A case study using Canadian Armed Forces dental clinics
Authors: Shaw Jodi L. , Farmer Julie W. , Coyte Peter C. , Lawrence Herenia P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo compare two methods of allocating general dentists to Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) dental detachments: a dentist‐to‐population ratio model and a needs‐based model.MethodsData obtained from CAF sources were analysed to compare models. Times assigned to treatment plan procedures were used as a proxy for treatment needs. Full‐time equivalents (FTEs) were used as an indicator for the number of dentists allocated to each detachment. FTE values were adjusted for military dentists to account for time spent on compulsory nonclinical duties. The paired‐samples t test was used to assess differences between the models for all clinics (dental detachments) and by clinic size.ResultsThe dentist‐to‐population ratio model for the CAF population (n=68 183) estimated an allocation of 83.25 FTE general dentists to CAF dental detachments. Based on a systematic sample of the CAF population (n=2226), the needs‐based model estimated the requirement for 64.71 FTE general dentists. The average difference between models was 0.71 FTE (SE=0.273), which was statistically significant (P=0.015). In terms of differences by clinic size, differences were more pronounced in clinics serving more than 4000 CAF personnel (2.63 FTEs, SE=0.613, P=0.008).ConclusionsThe findings reveal differences between estimation models of <1 FTE, with higher estimates produced from the dentist‐to‐population ratio model. A larger difference was found in clinics with larger populations. The perceived overestimation of dental human resource requirements suggests that changing to a needs‐based model may result in cost savings.
Effectiveness of water fluoridation in the prevention of dental caries across adult age groups
Authors: Do Loc , Ha Diep , Peres Marco A. , Skinner John , Byun Roy , Spencer A. John 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundLifetime access to fluoridated water (FW) is associated with lower caries experience. However, assessing this association in adults is likely affected by age. Cohort stratification and categorization of per cent lifetime access to fluoridated water (% LAFW) within cohorts are current approaches to this assessment. These approaches require an examination of the % LAFW and caries experience variation within and across age groups and their association to inform future analyses.ObjectiveThis secondary analysis aimed to examine the age group variation in % LAFW and caries experience; and the association of % LAFW with caries within and across age groups of adults.MethodsA secondary analysis was undertaken using the Australian National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004‐2006 data on 4090 persons aged 15‐91 years randomly sampled by a stratified, multistage probability method. Study participants underwent an interview, an oral examination by trained and standardized dentists to determine decayed, missing or filled tooth surfaces (DMFS) and a mailed self‐complete questionnaire which collected residential history to calculate % LAFW. Variations in % LAFW and DMFS across age groups (15‐34; 35‐44; 45‐54; 55+) were examined. Multivariable regression log‐link models were generated for DMFS score within each age group.ResultsThe age groups varied in values and distribution of % LAFW. Caries experience was strongly associated with age. % LAFW was significantly associated with DMFS score in the two younger age groups, but not in the others. Multivariable regression models showed that the highest % LAFW quartile had significantly lower DMFS count than the lowest quartile in the two younger age groups (mean ratios: 0.67 and 0.78, respectively), controlling for other covariates.ConclusionAccess to FW was associated with caries experience in Australian adults. The magnitude of associations varied between age groups, dependent on the natural history of caries and its measurement by DMFS.