bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic Size of Covering Arrays: An Application of Entropy Compression
Authors: Francetić Nevena , Stevens Brett 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA covering array is an array A such that each cell of A takes a value from a v‐set V, which is called the alphabet. Moreover, the set is contained in the set of rows of every subarray of A. The parameter N is called the size of an array and denotes the smallest N for which a exists. It is well known that [10]. In this paper, we derive two upper bounds on using an algorithmic approach to the Lovász local lemma also known as entropy compression.
Structural discrimination from in situ measurement of 1DCH and 2DHH residual dipolar coupling constants
Authors: Marcó Núria , Gil Roberto R. , Parella Teodor 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA fast residual dipolar coupling constant‐assisted strategy involving the simultaneous determination of scalar and total coupling constants from a single 1JCH/2JHH‐resolved NMR spectrum is reported. It is shown that the concerted use of the directly measured 1DCH (for all CHn multiplicities) and 2DHH residual dipolar couplings allows an on‐the‐fly assignment of diastereotopic CH2 protons, as well as of an efficient discrimination between diastereoisomeric structures of strychnine which contains six stereocenters. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experts' perspectives on the role of medical marijuana in oncology: A semistructured interview study
Authors: Braun I.M. , Meyer F.L. , Gagne J.J. , Nabati L. , Yuppa D.P. , Carmona M.A. , Burstein H.J. , Suzuki J. , Nayak M.M. , Martins Y. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundExpansion of medical marijuana (MM) laws in the United States may offer oncology new therapeutic options. However, the scientific evidence for MM remains in infancy. This study qualitatively explored professional opinion around the role of MM in cancer care.MethodsSemistructured interviews were administered to a sample of individuals with expertise at the interface of MM and oncology nationally. Key informant criteria included an oncologic clinical or research background and any of the following: publications, research, or lectures on cannabinoids or cancer symptoms; involvement in the development of MM dispensaries or legislation; and early adoption of state MM certification procedures. A gold standard, grounded, inductive approach was used to identify underlying themes.ResultsParticipants (N = 15) were predominantly male, in their sixth decade, working in academic settings. Themes ranged from strong beliefs in marijuana's medical utility to reservations about this notion, with calls for expansion of the scientific evidence base and more stringent MM production standards. All participants cited nausea as an appropriate indication, and 13 of 15 pain. Over one‐third believed MM to have a more attractive risk profile than opioids and benzodiazepines.ConclusionsExpert opinion was divided between convictions in marijuana's medicinal potential and guardedness in this assertion, with no participant refuting MM's utility outright. Emergent themes included that MM ameliorates cancer‐related pain and nausea and is safer than certain conventional medications. Participants called for enhanced purity and production standards, and further research on MM's utility.
Molecular dynamics simulations of strengthening due to silver precipitates in copper matrix
Authors: Hocker Stephen , Rapp Dennis , Schmauder Siegfried 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations of edge dislocation interactions with coherent and incoherent silver precipitates in the copper matrix are applied to investigate precipitation strengthening. Simulated shear tests with spherical and octahedral precipitates revealed that dislocations can cut a precipitate or circumvent it by the Orowan mechanism. Precipitates with radii below are cut whereas both processes were observed for radii in the range of 3–9 nm. The reason for the occurrence of the Orowan mechanism is that dislocation reactions at the interface can lead to sessile dislocations. Orowan circumvention is more likely for spheres than for octahedra which is due to different dislocation types existing at the matrix/precipitate interfaces. On average, the critical resolved shear stress is found to be slightly higher for Orowan processes. In case of small precipitates, the critical resolved shear stress depends strongly on the coherency, whereas for larger precipitates, it is mainly influenced by dislocation reactions at the interface. In some cases, the formation of a jog was observed which can reduce the critical resolved shear stress whereas it was increased significantly in the cases of pronounced cross‐slip without jog formation.
Magnetic anisotropy axis reorientation at ultrathin FePt films
Authors: Kaidatzis Andreas , Psycharis Vassilis , Giannopoulos Georgios , García‐Martín José Miguel , Niarchos Dimitrios 
Published: January 2017

Ultrathin FePt films (thickness between 1 nm and 5 nm) were studied for non‐volatile memories applications. The films were magnetron sputtered on monocrystalline MgO⟨001⟩ substrates at 500 °C. The films are polycrystalline, except the 1 nm thick film which is not continuous. It is shown that films with thickness higher than 2.7 nm have L10 structure and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, while a transition to in‐plane anisotropy occurs for thinner films. The out‐of‐plane coercivity drops from 16 kOe at the thicker film to 0.5 kOe at the thinner one.
Hysteresis cycles of FePt films as a function of film thickness.magnified imageHysteresis cycles of FePt films as a function of film thickness.
Simultaneous structural identification of diacylglyceryl‐N‐trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and diacylglycerylhydroxymethyl‐N,N,N‐trimethyl‐β‐alanine (DGTA) in microalgae using dual Li+/H+ adduct ion mode by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Yanrong , Lou Yamin , Mu Tong , Xu Jilin , Zhou Chengxu , Yan Xiaojun 
Published: January 2017

RationaleDiacylgycerol‐N‐trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and diacylglycerylhydroxymethyl‐N,N,N‐trimethyl‐β‐alanine (DGTA) are structural isomers that are the most commonly described betaine lipids in microalgae. The structural differentiation and precise identification of DGTS and DGTA in microalgae need to be established during mass spectrometry analysis.MethodsTotal lipid was extracted from Amphora sp. with CHCl3/CH3OH (1:1, v/v). The qualitative analysis of DGTS and DGTA in Amphora sp. was carried out using Li+/H+ dual mode by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry operating in MSE mode (UPLC/QTOF MSE).ResultsCharacteristic fragment ions [C10H22O5N]+ at m/z 236.15 and [C7H14O2N]+ at m/z 144.10 from the [M + H]+ precursor ion can be used for the qualitative analysis of both DGTA and DGTS, whereas the loss of m/z 87 and 74 from the [M + Li]+ precursor ion are specific for DGTS, and the loss of m/z 103 from the [M + Li]+ precursor ion is only for DGTA. As a result, 9 DGTSs and 16 DGTAs with different fatty acids were identified simultaneously in Amphora sp. Semi‐quantitative analysis of DGTS and DGTA in Amphora sp. showed that the contents of DGTS ranged from 0.003 to 0.438 nmol mg–1 dw, and that of DGTA from 0.004 to 0.414 nmol mg–1 dw.ConclusionsThis is the first report to achieve the ambiguous structural identification of DGTS and DGTA by UPLC/QTOF MSE using dual Li+/H+ adduct ion mode, which has remained a challenge in the past. It could provide new insights into their phylogeny and be helpful to characterize the natural phytoplankton communities as intact polar lipid biomarkers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipid Emulsions Containing Medium Chain Triacylglycerols Blunt Bradykinin‐Induced Endothelium‐Dependent Relaxation in Porcine Coronary Artery Rings
Authors: Amissi Said , Boisramé‐Helms Julie , Burban Mélanie , Rashid Sherzad K. , León‐González Antonio J. , Auger Cyril , Toti Florence , Meziani Ferhat , Schini‐Kerth Valérie B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition are used to provide calories and essential fatty acids for patients. They have been associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic stress, which may promote the development of endothelial dysfunction in patients. The aim of the present study was to determine whether five different industrial lipid emulsions may affect the endothelial function of coronary arteries. Porcine coronary artery rings were incubated with lipid emulsions 0.5, 1, or 2% (v/v) for 30 min before the determination of vascular reactivity in organ chambers and the level of oxidative stress using electron paramagnetic resonance. Incubation of coronary artery rings with either Lipidem®, Medialipid® containing long‐ and medium‐chain triacylglycerols (LCT/MCT), or SMOFlipid® containing LCT, MCT, omega‐9, and ‐3, significantly reduced the bradykinin‐induced endothelium‐dependent relaxation, affecting both the nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) components, whereas, Intralipid® containing LCT (soybean oil) and ClinOleic® containing LCT (soybean and olive oil) did not have such an effect. The endothelial dysfunction induced by Lipidem® was significantly improved by indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, inhibitors of oxidative stress (N‐acetylcysteine, superoxide dismutase, catalase) and transition metal chelating agents (neocuproine, tetrathiomolybdate, deferoxamine and l‐histidine). Lipidem® significantly increased the arterial level of oxidative stress. The present findings indicate that lipid emulsions containing LCT/MCT induce endothelial dysfunction in coronary artery rings by blunting both NO‐ and EDH‐mediated relaxations. The Lipidem®‐induced endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased vascular oxidative stress and the formation of COX‐derived vasoconstrictor prostanoids.
Improvement of Subjective Well-Being by Ranolazine in Patients with Chronic Angina and Known Myocardial Ischemia (IMWELL Study)
Authors: Bavry Anthony A. , Park Ki E. , Choi Calvin Y. , Mahmoud Ahmed N. , Wen Xuerong , Elgendy Islam Y. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Introduction
We aimed to assess if ranolazine would improve angina symptoms among patients with documented myocardial ischemia.

Methods
Eligible subjects had chronic stable angina and at least one coronary stenosis with fractional flow reserve (FFR) ≤0.80 or at least one chronic total occlusion (CTO) without attempted revascularization. Subjects were randomized to oral ranolazine 500 mg twice daily for 1 week, then ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily for 15 weeks versus matching placebo. The primary end point was change in angina at 16 weeks as assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ).

Results
Between September 2014 and January 2016, 25 subjects were randomized to ranolazine versus 25 to placebo. The most common reason for eligibility was CTO (72%), while the remainder had myocardial ischemia documented by low FFR. The mean FFR was 0.57 ± 0.12. Sixty-eight percent of subjects were on two or more anti-angina medications at baseline. Study medication was discontinued in 32% (eight of 25) of the ranolazine group versus 36% (nine of 25) of the placebo group. By intention-to-treat, 46 subjects had baseline and follow-up SAQ data completed. Ranolazine was not associated with an improvement in angina compared with placebo at 16 weeks. The results were similar among 33 subjects that completed study medication. The incidence of ischemia-driven hospitalization or catheterization was 12% (three of 25) of the ranolazine group versus 20% (five of 25) in the placebo group (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
In subjects with chronic stable angina and documented myocardial ischemia, ranolazine did not improve angina symptoms at 16 weeks.

Funding
Gilead.

Clinical trial registration
The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02265796).
Structural and metabolic differentiation between bipolar disorder with psychosis and substance-induced psychosis: An integrated MRI/PET study
Authors: Altamura A.C. , Delvecchio G. , Marotta G. , Oldani L. , Pigoni A. , Ciappolino V. , Caletti E. , Rovera C. , Dobrea C. , Arici C. , Benatti B. , Camuri G. , Prunas C. , Paoli R.A. , Dell’osso B. , Cinnante C. , Triulzi F.M. , Brambilla P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) may be characterized by the presence of psychotic symptoms and comorbid substance abuse. In this context, structural and metabolic dysfunctions have been reported in both BD with psychosis and addiction, separately. In this study, we aimed at identifying neural substrates differentiating psychotic BD, with or without substance abuse, versus substance-induced psychosis (SIP) by coupling, for the first time, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).MethodsTwenty-seven BD type I psychotic patients with (n= 10) or without (n= 17) substance abuse, 16 SIP patients and 54 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. 3T MRI and 18-FDG-PET scanning were acquired.ResultsGray matter (GM) volume and cerebral metabolism reductions in temporal cortices were observed in all patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, a distinct pattern of fronto-limbic alterations were found in patients with substance abuse. Specifically, BD patients with substance abuse showed volume reductions in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, insula and thalamus, whereas SIP patients in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate. Common alterations in cerebellum, parahippocampus and posterior cingulate were found in both BD with substance abuse and SIP. Finally, a unique pattern of GM volumes reduction, with concomitant increased of striatal metabolism, were observed in SIP patients.ConclusionsThese findings contribute to shed light on the identification of common and distinct neural markers associated with bipolar psychosis and substance abuse. Future longitudinal studies should explore the effect of single substances of abuse in patients at the first-episode of BD and substance-induced psychosis.
Recovery assessment scale: Examining the factor structure of the German version (RAS-G) in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Cavelti M. , Wirtz M. , Corrigan P. , Vauth R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe recovery framework has found its way into local and national mental health services and policies around the world, especially in English speaking countries. To promote this process, it is necessary to assess personal recovery validly and reliably. The Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS) is the most established measure in recovery research. The aim of the current study is to examine the factor structure of the German version of the RAS (RAS-G).MethodsOne hundred and fifty-six German-speaking clients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder from a community mental health service completed the RAS-G plus measures of recovery attitudes, self-stigma, psychotic symptoms, depression, and functioning. A confirmatory factor analysis of the original 24-item RAS version was conducted to examine its factor structure, followed by reliability and validity testing of the extracted factors.ResultsThe CFA yielded five factors capturing 14 items which showed a substantial overlap with the original subscales Personal Confidence and Hope, Goal and Success Orientation, Willingness to Ask for Help, Reliance on Others, and No Domination by Symptoms. The factors demonstrated mean to excellent reliability (0.59–0.89) and satisfactory criterial validity by positive correlations with measures of recovery attitudes and functioning, and negative correlations with measures of self-stigma, and psychotic and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe study results are discussed in the light of other studies examining the factor structure of the RAS. Overall, they support the use of the RAS-G as a means to promote recovery oriented services, policies, and research in German-speaking countries.
Dawes Review 7: The Tidal Downsizing Hypothesis of Planet Formation
Authors: Nayakshin Sergei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTidal Downsizing scenario of planet formation builds on ideas proposed by Gerard Kuiper in 1951. Detailed simulations of self-gravitating discs, gas fragments, dust grain dynamics, and planet evolutionary calculations are summarised here and used to build a predictive population synthesis. A new interpretation of exoplanetary and debris disc data, the Solar System's origins, and the links between planets and brown dwarfs is offered. Tidal Downsizing predicts that presence of debris discs, sub-Neptune mass planets, planets more massive than ~ 5 Jupiter masses and brown dwarfs should not correlate strongly with the metallicity of the host. For gas giants of ~ Saturn to a few Jupiter mass, a strong host star metallicity correlation is predicted only inwards of a few AU from the host. Composition of massive cores is predicted to be dominated by rock rather than ices. Debris discs made by Tidal Downsizing have an innermost edge larger than about 1 au, have smaller total masses and are usually in a dynamically excited state. Planet formation in surprisingly young or very dynamic systems such as HL Tau and Kepler-444 may be a signature of Tidal Downsizing. Open questions and potential weaknesses of the hypothesis are pointed out.
State-of-the-art MEMS and microsystem tools for brain research
Authors: Seymour John P. , Wu Fan , Wise Kensall D. , Yoon Euisik 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMapping brain activity has received growing worldwide interest because it is expected to improve disease treatment and allow for the development of important neuromorphic computational methods. MEMS and microsystems are expected to continue to offer new and exciting solutions to meet the need for high-density, high-fidelity neural interfaces. Herein, the state-of-the-art in recording and stimulation tools for brain research is reviewed, and some of the most significant technology trends shaping the field of neurotechnology are discussed.
Acute D3 Antagonist GSK598809 Selectively Enhances Neural Response During Monetary Reward Anticipation in Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Authors:   ICCAM Platform, Murphy Anna , Nestor Liam J , McGonigle John , Paterson Louise , Boyapati Venkataramana , Ersche Karen D , Flechais Remy , Kuchibatla Shankar , Metastasio Antonio , Orban Csaba , Passetti Filippo , Reed Laurence , Smith Dana , Suckling John , Taylor Eleanor , Robbins Trevor W , Lingford-Hughes Anne , Nutt David J , Deakin John FW , Elliott Rebecca 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Evidence suggests that disturbances in neurobiological mechanisms of reward and inhibitory control maintain addiction and provoke relapse during abstinence. Abnormalities within the dopamine system may contribute to these disturbances and pharmacologically targeting the D3 dopamine receptor (DRD3) is therefore of significant clinical interest. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the acute effects of the DRD3 antagonist GSK598809 on anticipatory reward processing, using the monetary incentive delay task (MIDT), and response inhibition using the Go/No-Go task (GNGT). A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design approach was used in abstinent alcohol dependent, abstinent poly-drug dependent and healthy control volunteers. For the MIDT, there was evidence of blunted ventral striatal response to reward in the poly-drug-dependent group under placebo. GSK598809 normalized ventral striatal reward response and enhanced response in the DRD3-rich regions of the ventral pallidum and substantia nigra. Exploratory investigations suggested that the effects of GSK598809 were mainly driven by those with primary dependence on alcohol but not on opiates. Taken together, these findings suggest that GSK598809 may remediate reward deficits in substance dependence. For the GNGT, enhanced response in the inferior frontal cortex of the poly-drug group was found. However, there were no effects of GSK598809 on the neural network underlying response inhibition nor were there any behavioral drug effects on response inhibition. GSK598809 modulated the neural network underlying reward anticipation but not response inhibition, suggesting that DRD3 antagonists may restore reward deficits in addiction.
Modeling dust emission in the Magellanic Clouds with Spitzer and Herschel
Authors: Chastenet Jérémy , Bot Caroline , Gordon Karl D. , Bocchio Marco , Roman-Duval Julia , Jones Anthony P. , Ysard Nathalie 
Published: January 2017

Context. Dust modeling is crucial to infer dust properties and budget for galaxy studies. However, there are systematic disparities between dust grain models that result in corresponding systematic differences in the inferred dust properties of galaxies. Quantifying these systematics requires a consistent fitting analysis.
Aims. We compare the output dust parameters and assess the differences between two dust grain models, the DustEM model and THEMIS. In this study, we use a single fitting method applied to all the models to extract a coherent and unique statistical analysis.
Methods. We fit the models to the dust emission seen by Spitzer and Herschel in the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds (SMC and LMC). The observations cover the infrared (IR) spectrum from a few microns to the sub-millimeter range. For each fitted pixel, we calculate the full n-D likelihood based on a previously described method. The free parameters are both environmental (U, the interstellar radiation field strength; αISRF, power-law coefficient for a multi-U environment; Ω∗, the starlight strength) and intrinsic to the model (Yi: abundances of the grain species i; αsCM20, coefficient in the small carbon grain size distribution).
Results. Fractional residuals of five different sets of parameters show that fitting THEMIS brings a more accurate reproduction of the observations than the DustEM model. However, independent variations of the dust species show strong model-dependencies. We find that the abundance of silicates can only be constrained to an upper-limit and that the silicate/carbon ratio is different than that seen in our Galaxy. In the LMC, our fits result in dust masses slightly lower than those found in the literature, by a factor lower than 2. In the SMC, we find dust masses in agreement with previous studies.
Challenges in Identifying and Interpreting Organizational Modules in Morphology
Authors: Esteve-Altava Borja 
Published: January 2017

AbstractForm is a rich concept that agglutinates information about the proportions and topological arrangement of body parts. Modularity is readily observable in both the variation of proportions (variational modules) and the organization of topology (organizational modules). The study of variational modularity and of organizational modularity faces similar challenges regarding the identification of meaningful modules and the validation of generative processes; however, most studies in morphology focus solely on variational modularity, while organizational modularity is much less understood. A possible cause for this bias is the successful development in the last twenty years of morphometrics, and specially geometric morphometrics, to study patters of variation. This contrasts with the lack of a similar mathematical framework to deal with patterns of organization. Recently, a new mathematical framework has been proposed to study the organization of anatomical parts using tools from Network Theory, so-called anatomical network analysis. This essay explores the potential use of this new framework – and the challenges it faces in identifying and validating biologically meaningful modules in morphological systems –, by providing an example of a complete analysis of modularity of the human skull and upper limb. Finally, we suggest further directions of research that may bridge the gap between variational and organizational modularity studies.