bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate social responsibility in a burgeoning industry: a stakeholder analysis
Authors: Alonso Abel Duarte , Sakellarios Nikolaos , Alexander Nevil , O’Brien Seamus 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent and significance of involvement of craft brewery operators in their community through the lens of the stakeholder theory (ST). In addition, differences between forms of involvement and demographic characteristics of operators and breweries are examined.

Design/methodology/approach
As many as 218 operators of predominantly micro-craft breweries across the USA participated in an online questionnaire designed to gather their perceptions.

Findings
While paying taxes was participants’ main perceived form of contribution, providing an artisan-made product, the significance of the craft brewery as a community “hub”, and that of increasing the number of leisure alternatives also emerged. A further 52.8 per cent of participants indicated contributing US$100,000 or more to the community annually. Statistically significant differences were revealed, for instance, based on craft breweries’ production volume, and the level of financial contribution. Various associations between operators’ perceived contributions and the ST theses were established in regard to cooperative interests (descriptive), stakeholder management (instrumental), and moral principles (normative).

Originality/value
First, by examining corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the craft brewing industry and among predominantly smaller firms, the study addresses two under-researched areas. Second, a refinement of the ST in the context of the craft brewing industry is proposed, highlighting the links between ST-based theses and the findings. Third, the study contributes to three different types of literature: micro and small business, craft brewing entrepreneurship, and CSR.
Enhancing corporate reputation through corporate philanthropy
Authors: Peterson Dane K. 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine factors affecting the relationship between annual changes in the amount of corporate foundation giving and changes in corporate reputation. The factors investigated included the existing corporate reputation and the economic conditions.Design/methodology/approachPublished data were obtained for 77 US corporations during both an upward and downward economic trend. Data for corporate foundation giving were obtained from IRS tax records while data on corporate reputation were obtained from the Reputation Institute’s RepTrak scores.FindingsLinear mixed model analyses demonstrated that a firm’s prior reputation moderates the relationship between corporate philanthropy and changes in corporate reputation during a downward trend. That is, changes in corporate charitable giving and corporate reputation covaried positively for firms with an existing favorable reputation. However, for firms with an unfavorable reputation, there was an inverse relationship between changes in corporate giving and corporate reputation. The interaction between the variables was prevalent only during an economic downturn.Practical implicationsThe findings provide firms with relevant information on conditions that affect how changes in charitable giving are likely to impact corporate reputation.Originality/valueThis study is the first to look at the effects of annual changes in corporate charitable giving on corporate reputation and adds to the research literature by demonstrating the complexity of the relationship by identifying two key factors that should be taken into considerations when developing annual budgets for charitable giving.
SAC–xTiO2 nano-reinforced lead-free solder joint characterizations in ultra-fine package assembly
Authors: Che Ani Fakhrozi , Jalar Azman , Saad Abdullah Aziz , Khor Chu Yee , Ismail Roslina , Bachok Zuraihana , Abas Mohamad Aizat , Othman Norinsan Kamil 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the characteristics of ultra-fine lead-free solder joints reinforced with TiO2 nanoparticles in an electronic assembly.

Design/methodology/approach
This study focused on the microstructure and quality of solder joints. Various percentages of TiO2 nanoparticles were mixed with a lead-free Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu solder paste. This new form of nano-reinforced lead-free solder paste was used to assemble a miniature package consisting of an ultra-fine capacitor on a printed circuit board by means of a reflow soldering process. The microstructure and the fillet height were investigated using a focused ion beam, a high-resolution transmission electron microscope system equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), and a field emission scanning electron microscope coupled with an EDS and X-ray diffraction machine.

Findings
The experimental results revealed that the intermetallic compound with the lowest thickness was produced by the nano-reinforced solder with a TiO2 content of 0.05 Wt.%. Increasing the TiO2 content to 0.15 Wt.% led to an improvement in the fillet height. The characteristics of the solder joint fulfilled the reliability requirements of the IPC standards.

Practical implications
This study provides engineers with a profound understanding of the characteristics of ultra-fine nano-reinforced solder joint packages in the microelectronics industry.

Originality/value
The findings are expected to provide proper guidelines and references with regard to the manufacture of miniaturized electronic packages. This study also explored the effects of TiO2 on the microstructure and the fillet height of ultra-fine capacitors.
Validating genome‐wide associated signals for clinical mastitis in German Holstein cattle
Authors: Abdel‐Shafy H. , Bortfeldt R. H. , Reissmann M. , Brockmann G. A. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryA validation study for six genomic regions previously identified by a genome‐wide association study for somatic cell score was conducted with data of clinical mastitis in German Holstein cattle. Out of 10 tested SNPs, five on chromosomes 6, 13 and 19 were significantly associated with clinical mastitis (P < 0.05). Three SNPs on chromosomes 6 and 19 had the same direction of effect as those previously reported in the initial genome‐wide association study for somatic cell score. The other two SNPs on chromosome 13 had opposite effects. As well as validating associations within known QTL from previous studies, e.g. chromosomes 6 and 19, novel loci on chromosome 13 were confirmed. Promising candidate genes are, for example: deoxycytidine kinase, immunoglobulin J chain, vitamin D binding protein, forkhead box K2, sodium/hydrogen exchanger 8 and cytoplasmic nuclear factor of activated T‐cells 2. Our confirmation study provides additional evidence for the functional role of the linked genomic regions to immune response. This information can be used as a basis for further functional studies for those potential genes.
Bayesian analysis of multimethod ego‐depletion studies favours the null hypothesis
Authors: Etherton Joseph L. , Osborne Randall , Stephenson Katelyn , Grace Morgan , Jones Chas , De Nadai Alessandro S. 
Published: January 2018

Ego‐depletion refers to the purported decrease in performance on a task requiring self‐control after engaging in a previous task involving self‐control, with self‐control proposed to be a limited resource. Despite many published studies consistent with this hypothesis, recurrent null findings within our laboratory and indications of publication bias have called into question the validity of the depletion effect. This project used three depletion protocols involved three different depleting initial tasks followed by three different self‐control tasks as dependent measures (total n = 840). For each method, effect sizes were not significantly different from zero When data were aggregated across the three different methods and examined meta‐analytically, the pooled effect size was not significantly different from zero (for all priors evaluated, Hedges’ g = 0.10 with 95% credibility interval of [−0.05, 0.24]) and Bayes factors reflected strong support for the null hypothesis (Bayes factor > 25 for all priors evaluated).
Effect of the COMT Val158Met genotype on lateral prefrontal activations in young children
Authors: Moriguchi Yusuke , Shinohara Ikuko 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLow executive function (EF) during early childhood is a major risk factor for developmental delay, academic failure, and social withdrawal. Susceptible genes may affect the molecular and biological mechanisms underpinning EF. More specifically, genes associated with the regulation of prefrontal dopamine may modulate the response of prefrontal neurons during executive control. Several studies with adults and older children have shown that variants of the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene are associated with behavioral performance and prefrontal activations in EF tasks. However, the effect of the COMT genotype on prefrontal activations during EF tasks on young children is still unknown. The present study examined whether a common functional polymorphism (Val158Met) in the COMT gene was associated with prefrontal activations and cognitive shifting in 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children. The study revealed that, compared with children with at least one Met allele (Met/Met and Met/Val), children who were Val homozygous (i) were more able to flexibly switch rules in cognitive shifting tasks and (ii) exhibited increased activations in lateral prefrontal regions during these tasks. This is the first evidence that demonstrates the relationship between a gene polymorphism and prefrontal activations in young children. It also indicates that COMT Val homozygosity may be advantageous for cognitive shifting and prefrontal functions, at least during early childhood, and children who possess this variant may have a lower risk of developing future cognitive and social development issues.
Sequential therapy involving an early switch from entecavir to pegylated interferon‐α in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Enomoto Masaru , Nishiguchi Shuhei , Tamori Akihiro , Kozuka Ritsuzo , Fujii Hideki , Uchida‐Kobayashi Sawako , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuda Yasuhiro , Higuchi Kazuhide , Saito Masaki , Enomoto Hirayuki , Kawada Norifumi 
Published: January 2018

AimThe optimal combination of two currently available agents with different mechanisms of action, a nucleos(t)ide analog and pegylated interferon‐α (PegIFNα), must be determined to improve treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB).MethodsIn this study, 24 patients with CHB (14 hepatitis B envelope antigen [HBeAg]‐positive patients and 10 HBeAg‐negative patients) received entecavir for 36–52 weeks, followed by entecavir plus Peg‐IFNα2a for 4 weeks, and finally by PegIFNα‐2a alone for 44 weeks.ResultsA sustained biochemical, virologic, and serologic response was obtained in 7/24 (29%) patients at 48 weeks post‐treatment (2/14 [14%] in HBeAg‐positive vs 5/10 [50%] in HBeAg‐negative patients, P = 0.085). At baseline, patients with a sustained response had a significantly lower γ‐glutamyl transferase level (P = 0.0023), a lower aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (P = 0.049), and a lower α‐fetoprotein level (P = 0.042) than those without a sustained response. The decline in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels during the first 24 weeks of PegIFNα‐2a treatment in patients with a sustained response was greater than that in patients without (P = 0.017). Additionally, HBsAg seroclearance was achieved in two patients (8.3%): one HBeAg‐positive and one HBeAg‐negative patient.ConclusionThe outcomes of sequential therapy involving an early switch from entecavir to PegIFNα‐2a were unsatisfactory in Japanese patients with CHB. In addition to viral factors, host metabolic characteristics and liver fibrosis/tumor markers can be used for prediction of a sustained response to therapy, but accurate prediction of the therapeutic response is difficult.
Caries outcome following an intensive fluoride varnish treatment regimen for children at high risk for early childhood caries
Authors: Paek Agelina E. , Li Yihong , Wang Zhemeng , So Patrick , Janal Malvin N. , Herman Neal G. , Hopkins Andrew , Chinn Courtney 
Published: January 2018

PurposeTo evaluate the caries relapse rate for a cohort of 2‐ to 4‐year‐old children at high risk of early childhood caries when treated with an intensive fluoride varnish (FV) regimen.MethodsEighty paediatric patients were recruited. Forty of these patients were high risk and received the FV treatment (three applications within 2 weeks and additional applications at 1 and 3 months) during 2009–2010. Mutans streptococci (MS) levels in the saliva were evaluated during the treatment period. A comparative group of 40 children, selected from an electronic record search at the New York University College of Dentistry to be of similar age, gender, and ethnicity, but not at elevated risk for ECC, received the standard of care (semi‐annual FV treatment). Detailed caries examination and treatment records were obtained for all patients from 2009 to 2014.ResultsA significant reduction (P < 0.001) in MS levels was observed in the intensive FV treatment group at the 3‐month visit compared with baseline. There was no effect of the intensive FV treatment on caries outcome in the anterior teeth, and the overall caries scores were significantly increased on the posterior teeth.ConclusionThe intensive FV regimen appears insufficient to prevent caries relapse in children at high risk for caries.
Root zone temperature alters storage root formation and growth of sweetpotato
Authors: Taranet P. , Kirchhof G. , Fujinuma R. , Menzies N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLarge mounds amended with plant residues are a common cultivation method for sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) in the western parts of the Papua New Guinea highlands, with a suggested benefit of elevated root zone temperature (RZT) from decomposition. This study aimed to evaluate whether RZT affects the formation and growth of sweetpotato storage roots. Experiments evaluated the effects of a constant elevated RZT on the Beauregard cultivar and of a short‐term increase in RZT on the Beauregard and Northern Star cultivars. Plants were grown in 18‐L pots divided into a control compartment (constant RZT at 20°C) and a treated compartment (RZT at 30, 40 or 50°C). Constant elevated RZT was maintained until harvest, while short‐term increase in RZT occurred in weeks 2 and 3 only. Constant elevated RZT did not affect the total number of storage roots, but RZT of 30°C and above reduced the dry‐biomass of storage roots. The short‐term increase in RZT did not alter the total number or dry‐biomass of storage roots in Beauregard, while both of these attributes were reduced at RZT of 40°C or above in Northern Star. Elevated RZT inhibited dry‐biomass accumulation of storage root, with a more pronounced impact at constant elevated RZT. These results demonstrate that any benefits of the mound culture on sweetpotato yield production do not arise through the influence of temperature elevation.
Do performance approach‐oriented individuals generate creative ideas? The roles of outcome instrumentality and task persistence
Authors: Li Hua , Li Fuli , Chen Tingting 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe literature is inconclusive about the positive and negative effects of performance approach goal orientation (PAGO) (i.e., a focus on demonstrating high performance and outperforming others) on creativity. To address this issue, this study examines when and how PAGO stimulates or hinders employee creativity. Drawing on trait activation theory and a self‐regulatory perspective, we propose that outcome instrumentality (i.e., the perception that one will receive desired organizational outcomes when performing well) moderates the effects of PAGO on task persistence bidirectionally, which, in turn, facilitates or hinders employee creativity. Results based on a two‐wave, multi‐source field survey provided strong support for our hypotheses. We found that the relationship between PAGO and task persistence was positive when outcome instrumentality was high but became negative when outcome instrumentality was low. Moreover, we found a moderated mediation effect, such that the indirect effect of PAGO on creativity through task persistence was positive when outcome instrumentality was high but negative when outcome instrumentality was low. These findings extend the PAGO literature by elucidating the goodness and badness of PAGO and provide practical implications on how to manage performance approach‐oriented employees to capitalize on their creative potentials and minimize the possible detrimental effects of PAGO on creativity.
H3 relaxin inhibits the collagen synthesis via ROS‐ and P2X7R‐mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiac fibroblasts under high glucose
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Fu Yu , Li Hui , Shen Li , Chang Qing , Pan Liya , Hong Siting , Yin Xinhua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExcessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and P2X7R activation induced by high glucose increases NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Although H3 relaxin has been shown to inhibit cardiac fibrosis induced by isoproterenol, the mechanism has not been well studied. Here, we demonstrated that high glucose (HG) induced the collagen synthesis by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to caspase‐1 activation, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and IL‐18 secretion in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts. Moreover, we used a high‐glucose model with neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts and showed that the activation of ROS and P2X7R was augmented and that ROS‐ and P2X7R‐mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation was critical for the collagen synthesis. Inhibition of ROS and P2X7R decreased NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated collagen synthesis, similar to the effects of H3 relaxin. Furthermore, H3 relaxin reduced the collagen synthesis via ROS‐ and P2X7R‐mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to HG. These results provide a mechanism by which H3 relaxin alleviates NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated collagen synthesis through the inhibition of ROS and P2X7R under HG conditions and suggest that H3 relaxin represents a potential drug for alleviating cardiac fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Reduced expression of selected FASCICLIN‐LIKE ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEIN genes associates with the abortion of kernels in field crops of Zea mays (maize) and of Arabidopsis seeds
Authors: Cagnola Juan Ignacio , Dumont de Chassart Gonzalo Javier , Ibarra Silvia Elizabeth , Chimenti Claudio , Ricardi Martiniano María , Delzer Brent , Ghiglione Hernán , Zhu Tong , Otegui María Elena , Estevez José Manuel , Casal Jorge José 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAbortion of fertilized ovaries at the tip of the ear can generate significant yield losses in maize crops. To investigate the mechanisms involved in this process, 2 maize hybrids were grown in field crops at 2 sowing densities and under 3 irrigation regimes (well‐watered control, drought before pollination, and drought during pollination), in all possible combinations. Samples of ear tips were taken 2–6 days after synchronous hand pollination and used for the analysis of gene expression and sugars. Glucose and fructose levels increased in kernels with high abortion risk. Several FASCICLIN‐LIKE ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEIN (FLA) genes showed negative correlation with abortion. The expression of ZmFLA7 responded to drought only at the tip of the ear. The abundance of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) glycan epitopes decreased with drought and pharmacological treatments that reduce AGP activity enhanced the abortion of fertilized ovaries. Drought also reduced the expression of AthFLA9 in the siliques of Arabidopsis thaliana. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function mutants of Arabidopsis showed a negative correlation between AthFLA9 and seed abortion. On the basis of gene expression patterns, pharmacological, and genetic evidence, we propose that stress‐induced reductions in the expression of selected FLA genes enhance abortion of fertilized ovaries in maize and Arabidopsis.
Wound infection after inpatient pediatric skin biopsy
Authors: Song Hannah , Mostaghimi Arash , Huang Jennifer T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPunch and shave biopsies are important dermatologic procedures in the inpatient setting but have a risk of wound infection. Data on the incidence of infection in this setting are limited and conflicting. This retrospective study of 127 pediatric inpatients at two tertiary care centers who underwent biopsy demonstrated a low overall risk of infection (n = 1, 0.8%). Twenty‐five (19.7%) were neutropenic, and 51 (40.2%) were not taking systemic antibiotics at the time of biopsy; none of these patients developed a wound infection. The overall low rate of infection should reassure physicians who are balancing the risks and benefits of performing a skin biopsy in children in the inpatient setting and suggests that physicians should not defer clinically indicated biopsies because of concern about infection.
Approach to the jewelry aficionado
Authors: Ivey Lauren A. , Limone Brittanya A. , Jacob Sharon E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChildren's and teens’ frequent use of inexpensive “costume” jewelry exposes them to a variety of contact allergens. Greater use heightens the risk of developing allergic contact dermatitis, especially in the setting of body piercings. Several clinical pearls, prevention strategies, and avoidance alternatives are provided in this article to guide clinicians and patients in the management of jewelry‐related allergic contact dermatitis.
Perils of development funding? The tale of EU Funds and grand corruption in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Fazekas Mihály , King Lawrence Peter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGiven the unprecedented scale of intergovernmental development funding and the importance of institutional quality for human well‐being, it is imperative to precisely understand the impact of development funds on corruption. In Europe, European Union (EU) Funds provide a boost to public spending in recipient member states while introducing additional corruption controls. We investigate whether EU Funds increase high‐level corruption in the Czech Republic and Hungary in 2009–2012. We analyze newly collected data from over 100,000 public procurement contracts to develop objective corruption risk indicators and link them to agency level data in the public sector. Propensity score matching estimations suggest that EU funds increase corruption risk by up to 34 percent. The negative effects are largely attributable to overly formalistic compliance and EU Funds overriding domestic accountability mechanisms in public organizations entirely dependent on external funds. The policy implications are profound: governments should reduce barriers to market entry by lowering red tape and prevent excessive concentration of funds.
Peritoneal dialysis education: Challenges and innovation
Authors: Mehrotra Rajnish 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPeritoneal dialysis is the most common modality for home dialysis and to ensure patients have access to dialysis at home, training programs have to ensure that the fellows attain clinical competency in the care of such patients. The limited data available however are sobering; about 10 years ago, 44% of nephrologists reported that they did not feel competent in the care of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. There are recognizable challenges in ensuring clinical competency of trainees that may need creative solutions. It is important for training program directors to evaluate the state of training at their institution, identify their unique barriers, and work to overcome them in the interest of ensuring that fellows are trained in all aspects of nephrology.